gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust hybrid tracking for outdoor augmented reality (2004)

An Augmented Reality (AR) system can enhance human perception by overlaying computer-generated virtual information (e.g., 3D objects or text) into a user's view of the real world. AR has potential applications in many areas such as medicine, defense, manufacturing, entertainment, and education. In a successful augmented reality system, virtual information need to be positioned in a correct spatial relationship to objects in the real world. To achieve this correct spatial relationship under varying viewpoints, a key requirement is a tracking system that accurately estimates the user's viewpoint in real time. Accurate tracking can be achieved in prepared indoor environments by placing and calibrating artificial landmarks in advance. Such landmarks are impractical and undesirable in outdoor environments, increasing the difficulty of achieving robust and accurate tracking in outdoor settings. 
The first part of this thesis describes a hybrid tracking system that suitable for outdoor augmented reality. The system fuses global positioning systems (GPS), rate-gyroscopes, and a model-based visual tracking system. The system can detect natural line features in the environment and use them to estimate pose in real-time. One novelty of this hybrid tracking system is its quality control system, which continuously evaluates sensor measurement quality and identifies the high quality measurements for tracking. The experiment results show that the system can successfully track over long periods of time, tolerate high camera rotation rates, and recover from temporary loss of visible features and dynamic occlusions. 
Among the existing tracking technologies, model-based visual tracking technology can achieve the best accuracy. However, it needs 3D model features in view all the time to keep tracking. The second part of this thesis describes extendible tracking algorithms that can extend tracking range from a modeled area to a neighboring unmodeled area by automatically calibrating a priori unknown point or line features.
Device for measuring high-level ionizing radiation dose. [junction field effect transistor] (1979)

When the junction field effect transistor is irradiated by ionizing radiations from a radioactive material or a particle accelerator, defect centers are generated in the depletion layer near the channel layer. The defect centers introduce additional electron states in the forbidden gap of the semiconductor and these additional states cause a great increase of the noise voltage in the junction field effect transistor. The amount of ionizing radiations irradiated to the transistor is directly in proportion to the change of the square of the noise voltage caused by the defect centers. On the basis of this relationship, the dose of the irradiated ionizing radiation can be measured by finding the amount of this change in the square of noise voltage before and after irradiation of the ionizing radiation to the transistor.
Statistical photocalibration of photodetectors for radiometry without calibrated light sources (2018)

Calibration of CCD arrays for identifying bad pixels and achieving nonuniformity correction is commonly accomplished using dark frames. This kind of calibration technique does not achieve radiometric calibration of the array since only the relative response of the detectors is computed. For this, a second calibration is sometimes utilized by looking at sources with known radiances. This process can be used to calibrate photodetectors as long as a calibration source is available and is well-characterized. A previous attempt at creating a procedure for calibrating a photodetector using the underlying Poisson nature of the photodetection required calculations of the skewness of the photodetector measurements. Reliance on the third moment of measurement meant that thousands of samples would be required in some cases to compute that moment. A photocalibration procedure is defined that requires only first and second moments of the measurements. The technique is applied to image data containing a known light source so that the accuracy of the technique can be surmised. It is shown that the algorithm can achieve accuracy of nearly 2.7% of the predicted number of photons using only 100 frames of image data.
Elimination of common-mode voltage in three-phase sinusoidal power converters (1999)

This paper presents an active solution to a common-mode voltage created by typical three-phase inverters. It is shown that the addition of a fourth leg to the bridge of a three-phase inverter eliminates the common-mode voltage to ground created by the modulation of the inverter. An appropriate four-phase LC filter is inserted between the inverter and the load in order to create sinusoidal output line-to-line voltage. A simple modification of the modulation strategy is implemented for the four-phase inverter to achieve a three-phase wye-output neutral-to-ground voltage which is equal to zero at all times for an ideal inverter. The modulation strategy thereby completely eliminates the common-mode potential produced by traditional modulation techniques with traditional three-phase inverter topologies.
Acoustic radiation stress measurement (1987)

Ultrasonic radio frequency tone-bursts are launched into a sample of material tested. The amplitude of the tone-bursts and the slope of the resulting static displacement pulses are measured. These measurements are used to calculate the nonlinearities of the materials.
Targeting internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation to block hepatitis C and other RNA viruses*1 (2004)

A number of RNA-containing viruses such as hepatitis C (HCV) and poliovirus (PV) that infect human beings and cause serious diseases use a common mechanism for synthesis of viral proteins, termed internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. This mode of translation initiation involves entry of 40S ribosome internally to the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of viral RNA. Cap-dependent translation of cellular mRNAs, on the other hand, requires recognition of mRNA 5' cap by the translation machinery. In this review, we discuss two inhibitors that specifically inhibit viral IRES-mediated translation without interfering with cellular cap-dependent translation. We present evidence, which suggest that one of these inhibitors, a small RNA (called IRNA) originally isolated from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inhibits viral IRES-mediated translation by sequestering both noncanonical transacting factors and canonical initiation factors required for IRES-mediated translation. The other inhibitor, a small peptide from the lupus autoantigen La (called LAP), appears to block binding of cellular transacting factors to viral IRES elements. These results suggest that it might be possible to target viral IRES-mediated translation for future development of therapeutic agents effective against a number of RNA viruses including HCV that exclusively use cap-independent translation for synthesis of viral proteins.
Improvement of Magnetically Levitated Superconducting Conveyer Using PMB (2009)

Our group has developed a new conveyer using superconducting levitation. The conveyer is composed of a levitated stage and a conveying stage. The gap between the levitated stage and the conveying stage is detected by using a Hall sensor on a superconductor. The position of the stage is controlled by using PD control. In this paper, we discuss a superconducting magnetic bearing with a repulsion magnet. The repulsion magnet is effective in improving levitation height and improving levitation force. In addition, the conveyer system was made and static and dynamic characteristics of the levitated stage were evaluated.
MoDe-X: Microarchitecture of a Layout-Aware Modular Decoupled Crossbar for On-Chip Interconnects (2012)

The number of cores in a single chip keeps increasing with process technology scaling, requiring a scalable interconnection network topology. Buffered wormhole-switched interconnect architectures are attractive for such multicore architectures. The 2D mesh on-chip interconnect provides a scalable, cost-efficient, flexible, and reliable next-generation interconnect topology in this context. In this paper, we provide a microarchitecture for a power and area efficient router for a 2D mesh interconnect. We propose an efficient crossbar implementation, called MoDe-X, that uses a reasonable power-performance tradeoff. The MoDe-X router uses a Modular-Decoupled Crossbar (MoDe-X) that incorporates dimensional decomposition and segmentation to achieve power and area savings. However, unlike most prior work that considers only logical representation of the crossbars, MoDe-X is a physically aware router accounting for the actual layout of router components to reflect practical design requirements. Our simulation results and power estimate show that the MoDe-X router architectures can reduce the overall router area by up to 40 percent and power consumption by up to 35 percent with very little performance impact that occurs only at higher loads. Further, by applying aggressive power gating techniques the net power reductions can be as much as 99 percent for some workloads with no additional performance impact.
Depth-weighted group-wise principal component analysis for video foreground/background separation (2015)

We propose a depth-weighted group-wise PCA (DG-PCA) approach to separate moving foreground pixels from the background of a video acquired by a moving camera. Our approach utilizes a corresponding depth signal in addition to the video signal. The problem is formulated as a weighted l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2,1</sub> -norm PCA problem with depth-based group sparsity being introduced. In particularly, dynamic groups are first generated solely based on depth, and then an iterative solution using depth to define the weights in l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2,1</sub> -norm is developed. In addition, we propose a depth-enhanced homography model for global motion compensation before the DG-PCA method is executed. We demonstrate through experiments on an RGB-D dataset the superiority of the proposed DG-PCA approach over conventional robust PCA methods.
Agent-based Turing Complete Transactions integrating feedback within a Blockchain System (2019)

This system relates generally to blockchain implementations and is suited for, but not limited to, use with the Bitcoin blockchain. It can be used for the implementation of automated processes such as device/system control, process control, distributed computing and storage and others. The system provides a solution which uses a blockchain to control a process executing on a computing resource. In a preferred implementation, the computing re-source, running simultaneously and in parallel to the blockchain, manages a loop-based operation. The computing resource continuously monitors the state of the blockchain as well as any other off-blockchain input data or source. The execution of the loop is influenced by the state of the block-chain. Each iteration of the loop that is executed by the computing resource is recorded in a transaction that is written to the blockchain. It is stored as a hash within the transaction's metadata. If the computing resource finds a transaction which contains a hash relating to the loop it accesses the relevant portion of code. The loop contains a conditional statement which enables the computing resource to decide which action to take. The condition may be dependent upon the state of the blockchain or any other data source. The action can be any type of action, on or off the blockchain. Thus, the combi-nation of the computing resource and blockchain provide a solution which is (at least partially) Turing-complete.
Automated support for repairing input-model faults (2010)

Model transforms are a class of applications that convert a model to another model or text. The inputs to such transforms are often large and complex; therefore, faults in the models that cause a transformation to generate incorrect output can be difficult to identify and fix. In previous work, we presented an approach that uses dynamic tainting to help locate input-model faults. In this paper, we present techniques to assist with repairing input-model faults. Our approach collects runtime information for the failing transformation, and computes repair actions that are targeted toward fixing the immediate cause of the failure. In many cases, these repair actions result in the generation of the correct output. In other cases, the initial fix can be incomplete, with the input model requiring further repairs. To address this, we present a pattern-analysis technique that identifies correct output fragments that are similar to the incorrect fragment and, based on the taint information associated with such fragments, computes additional repair actions. We present the results of empirical studies, conducted using real model transforms, which illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of our approach for repairing different types of faults.
Employing a Ground Model to Accurately Characterize Electronic Devices Measured With GSG Probes (2004)

Traditionally, when measuring an electronic device, the nonideal (non-50 /spl Omega/) electrical behavior of the ground-signal-ground probes is removed through calibration. However, this procedure does not allow for an accurate measurement of devices that exhibit an unbalanced flow of electrical currents through the two ground fingers of the probe. We found that a simple interface circuit can be used by a circuit simulator, such as ADS, to reproduce the measurements of devices in which unbalanced ground currents flow in the return paths. A simple experimental method to determine the interface circuit is given.
Confocal filtering of the instantaneous image in scanned darkfield alignment (1993)

Darkfield (DF) alignment signals are commonly obtained by scanning targets beneath a focused probe beam while integrating the light scattered outside a pupil stop, the latter serving to block specular reflections. Additional information pertaining to target position can be obtained by refocusing the collected light to form an instantaneous DF image that moves across the detector as the target is scanned through the focused illumination probe. A simple method to achieve a significantly sharper and more selective response to the target is to apply a confocal prefiltering to the instantaneous image before integrating it to read out the signal level, i.e., successive frames of the instantaneous image are multiplied by a template aperture corresponding to the image of a centered alignment mark. A fiducial scan is used to approximately center the template, providing a reference position. In the case of a test wafer so grainy that the conventional DF signal is significantly broadened and almost overwhelmed by random scatter, the signal obtained with a confocal filter modified to trigger on target symmetry and matched edge slopes is sharper by an order of magnitude and is virtually free of background.
Ferroelectric oxide thin films for photonic applications (1995)

Ferroelectric oxide thin films have been synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition for potential applications in OEICs. Initial emphasis has been on the BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> system because of its excellent electro-optic and non-linear optical properties. Epitaxial thin films have been prepared with excellent ferroelectric properties. Second-order non-linear susceptibilities of the thin films approaching the bulk value have been measured. The doping of the thin films with the rare earth ion Er has been achieved. Strong characteristic 4f shell emission has been observed at 1.5 micron under optical excitation. This suggests that BaTiO<SUB>3</SUB> thin films may be well-suited as a gain medium for integrated optical amplifiers. Other ferroelectric epitaxial films have been synthesized including SrBaNb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB> and KNbO<SUB>3</SUB> and their nonlinear optical properties measured. Prospects and challenges for integration of these ferroelectric thin films in OEICs are discussed.
On the electron beam-breakup transit time oscillator (1990)

Summary form only given. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation has confirmed an interaction between a relativistic electron beam and nonaxisymmetric cavity modes, which leads to amplification of the cavity modes. When a relativistic electron beam is injected into a cylindrical cavity, its transverse motion excites nonaxisymmetric electromagnetic modes such as TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">110</sub> or TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">112</sub> . The physical effect exploited and optimized is that of the beam-breakup instability important in high-current accelerator cavity design. Coupling the instability with the transit-time effect of the electron beam in the cavity, rapid exchange of energy between the electron beam and the preselected electromagnetic mode can occur and microwave power can then be extracted. Under optimal conditions, the linear growth time of the cavity mode at 2.44 GHz is expected to be about 3 ns. In addition, the transit-time resonance naturally leads to very narrowband output with typical wavelengths in the range of 1-10 cm depending on the cavity radius. A comparison of the linear growth rate of the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">110 </sub> mode with a linear theory prediction for different lengths of the cavity has been made. Simulation results show a slight shift in the cavity length for maximum growth
Nb tube processed Nb/sub 3/Al multifilamentary superconductors (1991)

In addition to microstructural studies, various characteristics of Nb tube processed Nb/sub 3/Al multifilamentary (MF) conductors needed in designing superconducting magnets are described. With decreasing Al core diameters of the Nb/Al composite, the formation rate of the A15 phase increased, and its lattice parameter decreased conversely. This was accompanied by an increase in T/sub c/ and H/sub c2/ (4.2 K), suggesting that the small diffusion spacing between Nb and Al facilitates the formation of the metastable A15 phase with stoichiometric composition. On the other hand, both the value of V-I curve and its field dependence decreased with decreasing Al core diameter below 50 nm, which suggests the sausaging of Al filaments in the heavily cold-worked sample. The reversible bending strain range was up to at least 1.4%, indicating the applicability of the react-and-wind method. The degradation in the J/sub c/ (4.2 K, 12 T) of the solenoid with 1.8% winding strain was about 20%. A decrease in temperature from 4.2 to 1.8 K caused an increase of H/sub c2/ by 2.5 T.
Illuminating HIV gp120-ligand recognition through computationally-driven optimization of antibody-recruiting molecules (2014)

Here we report on the structure-based optimization of antibody-recruiting molecules targeting HIV gp120 (ARM-H). These studies have leveraged a combination of medicinal chemistry, biochemical and cellular assay analysis, and computation. Our findings have afforded an optimized analog of ARM-H, which is ~1000 fold more potent in gp120-binding and MT-2 antiviral assays than our previously reported derivative. Furthermore, computational analysis, taken together with experimental data, provides evidence that azaindole- and indole-based attachment inhibitors bind gp120 at an accessory hydrophobic pocket beneath the CD4-binding site and can also adopt multiple unique binding modes in interacting with gp120. These results are likely to prove highly enabling in the development of novel HIV attachment inhibitors, and more broadly, they suggest novel applications for ARMs as probes of conformationally flexible systems.
Electrically switchable achromatic liquid crystal polarization gratings on reflective substrates (2008)

We have experimentally demonstrated broadband light modulation by achromatic liquid crystal (LC) polarization gratings (PGs), which manifest polarization-independent modulation with high efficiencies (≥95%). Recently, we introduced achromatic PGs with a unique double-layer, reversed-twist structure as efficient, broadband polarizing beamsplitters. We now report on our successful implementation of electrically switchable achromatic LCPGs on a reflective substrate. To pattern a spiraling, periodically varying LC profile, we utilize polarization holography and photoalignment techniques. Use of reflective substrates enables the same retardation compensation of double-layer achromatic PGs. In addition, perhaps most importantly, the single cell structure allows the electro-optical switching/modulation by applying an electric field across the cell. The achromatic LCPG sample shows steeper voltage responses and less spectral shifts while operating in grayscale with respect to previously reported LCPGs. Relatively faster switching times (~6 msec for 3 μm-thickness) were measured compared to a conventional LCPG with the same thickness (~10 msec). Interesting electro-optical behaviors were also observed including zero-voltage threshold and a hysteresis in the voltage response.
Efficient Syntheses of 2-Chloro-2‘-deoxyadenosine (Cladribine) from 2‘-Deoxyguanosine<sup>1</sup> (2003)

We report efficient syntheses of the clinical agent cladribine (2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, CldAdo), which is the drug of choice against hairy-cell leukemia and other neoplasms, from 2'-deoxyguanosine. Treatment of 3',5'-di-O-acetyl- or benzoyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (1) with 2,4,6-triisopropyl- or 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride gave high yields of the 6-O-arylsulfonyl derivatives 2 or 2'b. Deoxychlorination at C6 of 1 also proceeded to give the 2-amino-6-chloropurine derivative 5 in excellent yields. The nonaqueous diazotization/chloro dediazoniation (acetyl chloride/benzyltriethylammonium nitrite) of 2, 2'b, and 5 gave the 2-chloropurine derivatives 3, 3'b, and 6, respectively. The selective ammonolysis at C6 (arylsulfonate with 3 or chloride with 6) and accompanying deprotection of the sugar moiety gave CldAdo (64-75% overall yield from 1).
Demonstration of passive protection in neonatal calves against colibacillosis following immunization of pregnant heifers at 3 months of gestation. (2008)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is one of the primary etiologic agents for diarrhea in neonatal calves. Immunization of dams can provide passive protection in neonatal calves; antibodies transferred through colostrum block colonization of bacteria, thereby preventing disease. In this study, healthy pregnant heifers were vaccinated at approximately 3 months of gestation with either a polyvalent oil-adjuvanted vaccine containing inactivated coronavirus, rotavirus, E. coli K99 subunit antigen, and Clostridium perfringens b and e toxoid or normal saline as a placebo. Calves were allowed to nurse immediately after birth, were orally challenged with virulent heterologous enterotoxigenic E. coli at 1 day of age, and were observed for clinical signs of scours for 10 days. Signs of severe scours were noted in 75% of control calves and 28.6% of vaccinates, and the severity of scours was significantly higher (P = .0382) in the control group. The mortality rate was significantly higher (P = .0007) in the control group (80%) than in the vaccinate group (14%). These findings indicate that the vaccination of pregnant heifers at as early as 3 months of gestation (6 months before calving) provides passive protection in neonatal calves against colibacillosis.
FENNEL (2014)

Balanced graph partitioning in the streaming setting is a key problem to enable scalable and efficient computations on massive graph data such as web graphs, knowledge graphs, and graphs arising in the context of online social networks. Two families of heuristics for graph partitioning in the streaming setting are in wide use: place the newly arrived vertex in the cluster with the largest number of neighbors or in the cluster with the least number of non-neighbors.