gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise-Induced Min Phenotypes in E. coli (2006)

The spatiotemporal oscillations of the Escherichia coli proteins MinD and MinE direct cell division to the region between the chromosomes. Several quantitative models of the Min system have been suggested before, but no one of them accounts for the behavior of all documented mutant phenotypes. We analyzed the stochastic reaction-diffusion kinetics of the Min proteins for several E. coli mutants and compared the results to the corresponding deterministic mean-field description. We found that wild-type (wt) and filamentous (ftsZ-) cells are well characterized by the mean-field model, but that a stochastic model is necessary to account for several of the characteristics of the spherical (rodA-) and phospathedylethanolamide-deficient (PE-) phenotypes. For spherical cells, the mean-field model is bistable, and the system can get trapped in a non-oscillatory state. However, when the intrinsic noise is considered, only the experimentally observed oscillatory behavior remains. The stochastic model also reproduces the change in oscillation directions observed in the spherical phenotype and the occasional gliding of the MinD region along the inner membrane. For the PE- mutant, the stochastic model explains the appearance of randomly localized and dense MinD clusters as a nucleation phenomenon, in which the stochastic kinetics at low copy number causes local discharges of the high MinD(ATP) to MinD(ADP) potential. We find that a simple five-reaction model of the Min system can explain all documented Min phenotypes, if stochastic kinetics and three-dimensional diffusion are accounted for. Our results emphasize that local copy number fluctuation may result in phenotypic differences although the total number of molecules of the relevant species is high.
Antimalarial efficacy and drug interactions of the novel semi-synthetic endoperoxide artemisone in vitro and in vivo (2007)

These results confirm the increased efficacy of artemisone over artesunate against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum and provide the basis for the selection of potential partner drugs for future deployment in areas of multidrug-resistant malaria. Artemisone represents an important addition to the repertoire of artemisinin combination therapies currently in use, as it has enhanced antimalarial activity, improved bioavailability and stability over current endoperoxides.
Changes in Texture during the Boiling Process of Potatoes (1982)

The texture changes of potato of the variety ‘Namjack’ were determined as a function of temperature and boiling time by a puncture test with Universal Testing Machine. Apart from texture measurement, heat penetration test and sensory evaluation were carried out. Textural softening during cocking could be expressed by the puncture work and was followed first order kinetics. The Z-value for texture changes was . The cook value in equivalent minutes at to get a boiled potatoes was 7 min. Mechanically the boiled product could be regarded as cooked when the final puncture work reduced to the equilibrium value, approximately 6/100 of the initial value.
Modelling of poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and poly(4-vinyl pyridine)/pyridine composites: structural and optical properties (2008)

The interactions of the polymer poly(4-vinyl pyridine) moieties with free pyridine molecules in concentrated solution develop protonated and hydrogen-bonded species on the polymer backbone and turn the viscous solution to gel. Direct irradiation at proton transfer centre on the protonated polymer moiety promotes an amorphous-to-crystalline transition. The polymer crystals exhibit completely different optical properties when compared to the amorphous material. The proposed mechanism of the photoinduced crystallisation is the following: direct excitation to the proton transfer centre generates in abundance protonated polymer moieties, which have rigid quinone structure. Rigid quinone conformations stimulate the crystallisation of the polymer chains; in their turn, increasing polymer ordering stabilises the photoinduced protonated species. Photoinduced phase transition is reversible, meaning, that crystalline phase is metastable. To clarify the mechanism of the phase transition, in the present issue, using molecular modelling, we investigate the conformational behaviour of the polymer species depending on the state of protonation, interaction with adjacent solvent molecules and polymer side-chain units. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show the protonated pyridine moiety as a quinone structure that is clearly stable, thus emphasising the ability of such structure to play a key role as a ‘working’ species.
Genome-Wide Association Study Dissecting the Genetic Architecture Underlying the Branch Angle Trait in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (2016)

The rapeseed branch angle is an important morphological trait because an adequate branch angle enables more efficient light capture under high planting densities. Here, we report that the average angle of the five top branches provides a reliable representation of the average angle of all branches. Statistical analyses revealed a significantly positive correlation between the branch angle and multiple plant-type and yield-related traits. The 60 K Brassica Infinium(®) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array was utilized to genotype an association panel with 520 diverse accessions. A genome-wide association study was performed to determine the genetic architecture of branch angle, and 56 loci were identified as being significantly associated with the branch angle trait via three models, including a robust, novel, nonparametric Anderson-Darling (A-D) test. Moreover, these loci explained 51.1% of the phenotypic variation when a simple additive model was applied. Within the linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay ranges of 53 loci, we observed plausible candidates orthologous to documented Arabidopsis genes, such as LAZY1, SGR2, SGR4, SGR8, SGR9, PIN3, PIN7, CRK5, TIR1, and APD7. These results provide insight into the genetic basis of the branch angle trait in rapeseed and might facilitate marker-based breeding for improvements in plant architecture.
Cellular Phones as a Primary Communications Device: What are the Implications for aGlobal Community? (2013)

Recent statistics show that more individuals communicate with cellular phones than with any other device. Mobile is seen by many media analysts as its own medium with its own defining characteristics. This hand-held technology has people not only talking, texting and blogging, but shopping, banking and reporting. Individuals are so dependent upon phones that the device has become critical in many aspects of everyday life. The mobile technology has empowered a global community of techno savvy consumers known as Generation C. Generation C is not defined by age or nationality, but by an insatiable appetite for all things digital. This discussion will present evidence of a global dependence on cellular phones, and what this means for educators, marketers, consumers and media practitioners.
A pilot study to develop an objective clinical score for canine otitis externa (2014)

This pilot study showed that the 0-3 Otitis Index Score (OTIS3) for erythema, oedema/swelling, erosion/ulceration and exudate is suitable for further validation by a larger group of clinicians.
Evaluation of virus and prion reduction in a new intravenous immunoglobulin manufacturing process (2003)

This comprehensive approach to pathogen safety provides the new immunoglobulin manufacturing process with a detailed, yet realistic, assessment of the risk of transmission of infectious pathogens.
High-Dose Radiation as a Dramatic, Immunological Primer in Locally Advanced Melanoma (2015)

A 53-year-old white male presented with a right axillary melanoma that became widely metastatic and progressive despite multiple systemic treatments. He became refractory to ipilimumab (Yervoy) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda). He presented with a very large, painful left posterior neck mass that was 18 x 15 x 8 cm in size clinically. He was treated with a single fraction of 20 Gy using parallel opposed, spatially fractionated GRID radiation therapy (SFGRT), along with concurrent pembrolizumab. He also received 50 Gy in 25 fractions of conventional radiation. After five months of concurrent treatment, the refractory neck mass had completely resolved and he had no lasting side effects. Our dramatic case confirms the synergistic effect of high-dose GRID radiation as a primer for renewed, enhanced immunological response, and we have used this approach successfully on a number of similar patients with rapid and durable results.
What Does Nanoparticle Stability Mean? (2019)

The term "nanoparticle stability" is widely used to describe the preservation of a particular nanostructure property ranging from aggregation, composition, crystallinity, shape, size, and surface chemistry. As a result, this catch-all term has various meanings, which depend on the specific nanoparticle property of interest and/or application. In this feature article, we provide an answer to the question, "What does nanoparticle stability mean?". Broadly speaking, the definition of nanoparticle stability depends on the targeted size dependent property that is exploited and can only exist for a finite period of time given all nanostructures are inherently thermodynamically and energetically unfavorable relative to bulk states. To answer this question specifically, however, the relationship between nanoparticle stability and the physical/chemical properties of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed. Specific definitions are explored in terms of aggregation state, core composition, shape, size, and surface chemistry. Next, mechanisms of promoting nanoparticle stability are defined and related to these same nanoparticle properties. Metrics involving both kinetics and thermodynamics are considered. Methods that provide quantitative metrics for measuring and modeling nanoparticle stability in terms of core composition, shape, size, and surface chemistry are outlined. The stability of solution-phase nanoparticles are also impacted by aggregation state. Thus, collision and DLVO theories are discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in understanding what nanoparticle stability means are addressed to facilitate further studies with this important class of materials.
Purification of phage display-modified bacteriophage T4 by affinity chromatography (2011)

Affinity tags can be successfully incorporated into the T4 phage capsid by the in vivo phage display technique and they strongly elevate bacteriophage affinity to a specific resin. Affinity chromatography can be considered as a new phage purification method, appropriate for further investigations and development.
Aryl tosylates as non-ionic photoacid generators (PAGs): photochemistry and applications in cationic photopolymerizations (2015)

Irradiation of aryl tosylates leads to homolysis of the ArO–S bond and PTSA or <italic>p</italic>-toluenesulfinic acid was released. The aryl sulfonates tested were then used as non-ionic photoacid generators (PAGs) in hybrid organic/inorganic sol–gel photoresists.
EFFECT OF SQUALAMINE ON IRIS NEOVASCULARIZATION IN MONKEYS (2002)

Intravitreally injected squalamine did not affect the development of iris neovascularization; however, systemic squalamine injection inhibited the development of iris neovascularization and caused partial regression of new vessels in a primate model.
Rheology in Pharmaceutical Formulations-A Perspective (2013)

Medications produced as semi-solids type product such as creams, ointments and lotions are based on emulsion or suspension type systems consisting of two or more incompatible materials. In order to be manufactured, these dosage forms need specific flow properties so they can be placed into a container, remain stable over time, dispensed, handled and properly applied to the affected area by patients. Rheology is therefore crucially important as it will directly affect the way a drug is formulated and developed, the quality of the raw and finished product, the drug efficacy, the way a patient adheres to the prescribed drug, and the overall healthcare cost. It can be concluded that there are inherent and independent factors that affect the flow property of a medicated material during every stage of its manufacturing all the way to its use.
A Mild and Chemoselective Solvent-Free Method for the Synthesis of N-Aryl and N-Alkylsulfonamides (2006)

In this study, a general, mild and convenient solvent-free method has been developed for the synthesis of various N-aryl and N-alkylsulfonamides. A variety of sulfonamides were prepared at room temperature in high yield and purity. Selective sulfonylation of electron rich amines in the presence of electron poor ones and also chemoselective sulfonylation of amino group in amino alcohols and amino phenols are the noteworthy advantages of this method. Keywords: Chemoselective, Solvent-free, N-arylsulfonamide, N-alkylsulfonamide
A set of reference sequences for the hepatitis C genotypes 4d, 4f, and 4k covering the full open reading frame (2008)

Infection with genotype 4 of the Hepatitis C virus is common in Africa and the Mediterranean area, but has also been found at increasing frequencies in injection drug users in Europe and North America. Full length viral sequences to characterize viral diversity and structure have recently become available mostly for subtype 4a, and studies in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, where high proportions of subtype 4a infected patients exist, have begun to establish optimized treatment regimens. However knowledge about other subtype variants of genotype 4 present in less developed African states is lacking. In this study the full coding region from so far poorly characterized variants of HCV genotype 4 was amplified and sequenced using a long range PCR technique. Sequences were analyzed with respect to phylogenetic relationship, possible recombination and prominent sequence characteristics compared to other known HCV strains. We present for the first time two full-length sequences from the HCV genotype 4k, in addition to five strains from HCV genotypes 4d and 4f. Reference sequences for accurate HCV genotyping are required for optimized treatment, and a better knowledge of the global viral sequence diversity is needed to guide vaccines or new drugs effective in the world wide epidemic.
Respiratory-deficient human fibroblasts exhibiting defective mitochondrial DNA replication (1995)

We have characterized cultured skin fibroblasts from two siblings affected with a fatal mitochondrial disease caused by a nuclear genetic defect. Mitochondrial respiratory-chain function was severely decreased in these cells. Southern-blot analysis showed that the fibroblasts had reduced levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The mtDNA was unstable and was eliminated from the cultured cells over many generations, generating the rho0 genotype. As the mtDNA level decreased, the cells became more dependent upon pyruvate and uridine for growth. Nuclear-encoded subunits of respiratory-chain complexes were synthesized and imported into the mitochondria of the mtDNA-depleted cells, albeit at reduced levels compared with the controls. Mitochondrial protein synthesis directed by the residual mtDNA indicated that the mtDNA was expressed and that the defect specifically involves the replication or maintenance of mtDNA. This is a unique example of a respiratory-deficient human cell line exhibiting defective mtDNA replication.
Delivery of personal ultraviolet radiation informat ion to smartphones (2014)

Smartphone technology is becoming a promising medium for delivering personalised ultraviolet (UV) radiation information to people. Different sources of UV data are discussed and current issues around the us age of wearable UV sensors are presented. UV data from these sources can be combined with the user's skin type p rofile to present metrics such as UV index, burn time, and cumulative dosage over the day as well as to alert the user of dangerous UV levels.
The effects of childhood maltreatment on epigenetic regulation of stress-response associated genes: an intergenerational approach (2019)

While biological alterations associated with childhood maltreatment (CM) have been found in affected individuals, it remains unknown to what degree these alterations are biologically transmitted to the next generation. We investigated intergenerational effects of maternal CM on DNA methylation and gene expression in N = 113 mother-infant dyads shortly after parturition, additionally accounting for the role of the FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype. Using mass array spectrometry, we assessed the DNA methylation of selected stress-response-associated genes (FK506 binding protein 51 [FKBP5], glucocorticoid receptor [NR3C1], corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 [CRHR1]) in isolated immune cells from maternal blood and neonatal umbilical cord blood. In mothers, CM was associated with decreased levels of DNA methylation of FKBP5 and CRHR1 and increased NR3C1 methylation, but not with changes in gene expression profiles. Rs1360780 moderated the FKBP5 epigenetic CM-associated regulation profiles in a gene × environment interaction. In newborns, we found no evidence for any intergenerational transmission of CM-related methylation profiles for any of the investigated epigenetic sites. These findings support the hypothesis of a long-lasting impact of CM on the biological epigenetic regulation of stress-response mediators and suggest for the first time that these specific epigenetic patterns might not be directly transmitted to the next generation.
Contents (2017)

The London Lord Mayors' Shows were high-profile and lavish entertainments that were at the centre of the cultural life of the City of London in the early modern period. The Show was staged annually to celebrate the inauguration of the new Lord Mayor. The London mayoralty was not simply an entity of civic power, but always had its ritual and ceremonial dimensions. Pageantry was a feature of the day's entertainment. This book focuses on the social, cultural and economic contexts, in which the Shows were designed, presented and experienced, and explores the Shows in textual, historical, bibliographical, and archival and other contexts. It highlights the often-overlooked roles of the artificer and those other craftsmen who contributed so valuably to the day's entertainment. The Show was the concern of the Great Twelve livery companies from the ranks of one of which the Lord Mayor was elected. The book discusses, inter alia, the actors' roles, the props, music and costumes used during the Show and looks at how important emblems and imagery were to these productions. Pageant writers and artificers took advantage of the space available to them just as dramatists did on the professional stage. From 1585 onwards the Lord Mayor's Show was with increasing frequency transmitted from event to text in the form of short pamphlets produced in print runs ranging from 200 to 800 copies. The book also demonstrates the ways in which the Shows engaged with the changing socio-economic scene of London and with court and city politics.
Biochemical Testing for Neuroendocrine Tumors (2009)

In this review, we focus on the use of biochemical markers for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors and exclusion of conditions that masquerade as neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, we outline the use of biochemical markers for follow-up, response to intervention, and determination of prognosis. Previous publications have focused only on markers specific to certain tumor types, but the uniqueness of this chapter is that it presents a new approach ranging from biochemical markers that relate to symptoms to the use of markers that facilitate decision making with regard to optimizing the choices of therapy from the complex arrays of intervention, The sequence of presentation in this chapter is first to provide the usual view, that is, biochemical markers of each tumor type and thereafter the diagnosis of the underlying condition or exclusion thereof and finally the algorithm for their use from the clinical presentation to the suspected diagnosis and the biochemical markers to monitor progression and therapeutic choice. There is also a specific description of the properties of the most important biochemical markers and 2 complications, bone metastasis and carcinoid heart disease, from the biochemical point of view.
One-dimensional processor arrays for linear algebraic problems (1995)

Using isomorphic embedding of the original dependence graphs in another graph before its space-time mapping onto array architectures, two linear processor arrays are designed for the Gauss-Jordan algorithm with partial pivoting and Cholesky decomposition. Each of these arrays comprises only (n+1)/2 processing elements (PEs), where n is the number of columns in the input matrices. The block pipelining period is n(n-1) cycles for the first array and n(n+1)/2 cycles for the second. If the matrices are processed sequentially, systems of linear equations are solved by the Gauss-Jordan algorithm with almost full processor utilisation, whereas for the Cholesky decomposition the utilisation of PEs is approximately two-thirds.
Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer—At the crossroads of precision medicine (2019)

High‐level data have recently emerged that directly inform the care of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Additional well‐conducted studies are necessary to increase the precision and efficacy of treatment.
A brain computer interface for smart home control (2013)

The aim of this study is to control home devices using a non invasive brain computer interface (BCI). The Electroencephalographic signals (EEG) recorded from the brain activity using the Emotiv EPOCH headset are interfaced with the help of mouse emulator to a graphical user interface (GUI) on the computer screen. The user will use this GUI to control various devices in a smart home. This application will be very useful especially for people with special needs.
Effects of Particle Shape, Size and Interfacial Adhesion on the Fracture Strength of Silica-Filled Epoxy Resin (1999)

The effects of particle shape, size and interfacial adhesion on the fracture strength of a particle-filled epoxy resin were investigated. For this purpose, various types of spherical and irregular-shaped silica particles having different mean sizes in the range from 2 to 30 pm were used. The particle content was 50% by weight. In order to prepare well and poorly adhered interfaces, surface treatment of the particles was carried out using silane coupling and decoupling agents. Surface treated particle-filled resins were compared with untreated particle-filled resin. The flexural strength increased with a decrease in particle size in both the untreated and the well adhered systems, whereas it was independent of size in the poorly adhered system. The flexural strength was higher in the order: well adhered > poorly adhered > untreated systems for spherical particles, but, well adhered > the untreated > poorly adhered systems for the irregular-shaped ones. According to a scanning electron microscopic observation of fractured surfaces, the fracture strength of particle-filled brittle polymers was affected by the number, size and sharpness of the defects in the material derived from particle fracture or interfacial debonding.