gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of lung injury using 4D-CT chest images (2016)

This paper proposes a novel framework for the identification of the radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) after radiation therapy (RT) using 4D computed tomography (CT). The proposed methodology involves elastic image registration; segmentation of the lung fields; extraction of appearance and functional features; and classification of the lung tissues. The first step locally aligns the consecutive phases of the respiratory cycle using an elastic image registration approach based on descent minimization of the sum of squared difference similarity metric. Secondly, lung fields are segmented using a hybrid framework that integrates an adaptive shape prior model, a first-order intensity model, and a second order homogeneity descriptor of the lung tissues. Next, regional features that describe different types of lung functionality (e.g., ventilation and elasticity) are estimated from the segmented lungs. Finally, a random forest classifier has been applied to distinguish between injured and normal lung tissues. The proposed framework has been tested on data sets collected from 13 patients who had undergone RT treatment. Experimental results demonstrate the promise of the proposed framework for the identification of the injured lung region, and thus hold the promise as a valuable tool for early detection of RILI.
Abstract 13609: A Novel Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Algorithm With Reduced False Alarm Rate (2017)

Background: Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators (WCDs) provide temporary protection from ventricular arrhythmias, but commonly experience false arrhythmia alarms. For the only commercially availab...
Activation affects access to the platelet receptor for adhesive glycoproteins. (1986)

Blood platelets have a receptor for macromolecular adhesive glycoproteins, located on a heteroduplex membrane glycoprotein complex (GPIIb/IIIa) that only becomes "exposed" when platelets are activated. Binding of the adhesive glycoproteins, in particular fibrinogen, to the receptor is required for platelet aggregation, which in turn is required to arrest bleeding. A murine monoclonal antibody whose rate of binding to the receptor is affected by platelet activation was both cross-linked and fragmented to assess the effects of changes in molecular size on its rate of binding to unactivated and activated platelets. The results indicate that small molecules can bind more rapidly to the receptors on unactivated platelets than can large molecules and that activation involves a conformational and/or microenvironmental change that permits the large molecules to bind more rapidly.
Low-Field Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2017)

C ardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is arguably unmatched in its ability to evaluate cardiovascular structure and function, to characterize myocardial tissue by a wide variety of mechanisms, and to quantitatively assess blood flow and perfusion without the use of radiation or the need for invasive catheterization. CMR research and development continues at a rapid pace both in academia and by commercial vendors, and every year, new techniques are put forth that improve on existing applications and provide new capabilities that further expand the clinical utility of this powerful modality. Real-time and single-shot techniques have made CMR feasible in patients with rhythm irregularities and inability to breath-hold. Ongoing development and regulatory approval of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) conditional pacemakers and implanted cardioverter defibrillators continues to grow the patient population amenable to CMR. 2] It is clear that those involved in CMR research must not only engage in developing new and exciting applications made feasible by technological advances, but must also ask whether their technology will promote the routine clinical utilization of CMR beyond academic and isolated private centers. There are many factors at play in answering this question, but important considerations must be affordability and ease of use.
Antenna technology for space based radar. Part 1: Subarraying feeds; bandwidth, low sidelobe performance and subarray nulling (1980)

Abstract : This brief analysis outlines the features of a subarraying system with amplitude control circuits at the feed array face. The analysis treats the idealization of the lens feed as a continuous aperture, and includes the assumption that the cylindrical lens back face is in the far field of the array feed. The analysis includes the effect of truncation at the main array, and demonstrates that the high sidelobes of the conventional sin x/x subarray illumination, when truncated, are primary contributors to high grating lobe levels under certain circumstances. The proposed correction for these truncation effects is to produce a low sidelobe subarray illumination at the main aperture by controlling the feed array taper. Numerical results show the effectiveness of this subarraying technique for controlling the array far sidelobes and grating lobe levels, and for producing wide band null troughs within the subarray pattern. (Author)
The Effect of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet on Cancer Cell Proliferation and Cytokine Production (2017)

The cytotoxicity of Helichrysum odoratissimum against human epidermoid carcinoma (A431), malignant melanoma (A375), cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells was investigated. The cytokine production and antioxidant activity was also determined. H odoratissimum was selected based on its traditional usage as a dressing for wounds. In this study the cytotoxicity was performed on skin and cervical cancer which are associated with the presence of wounds. H. odoratissimum showed inhibitory activity against A431 cells, with a fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 15.5±0.2 µg/ml, and a high DPPH inhibition with an IC50 of 5.13±0.07 µg/ml. A431 cells treated with the extract showed an increase in morphological characteristics associated with apoptosis. The extract induced IL-12 in U937 cells and inhibited IL-8 at the tested concentrations, with the highest levels being 12.4±7 pg/ml and 103±6.1 pg/ml respectively. IL-2 was inhibited by 56 % and 52 % in naive and PHA induced murine splenocytes respectively. Furthermore, 2 lipophilic fractions and 3 compounds were isolated from the extract. The lipophilic fractions showed relative cytotoxicity on A431 cells with IC50 values of 175±13.5 µg/ml and 61.3±0.16 µg/ml. The extract showed significant hepatoprotection at 25 µg/ml on HepG2 cells exposed to D-Galactosamine. This is the first report of the activity of H. odoratissimum ethanolic leaf stem extract on A431, A375, HeLa and HEK-293 cell lines as well as the isolation of two promising lipophilic fractions.
Frequency Domain Chromatic Dispersion Estimation (2010)

The low complexity, robust, and precise algorithm solely employs a simplified auto-correlation function of the signal spectrum for blind chromatic dispersion estimation to adapt frequency domain compensation functions in digital coherent receivers.
Electronic musical instrument by nonlinearly addressing waveform memory (1983)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mitsumi Kato, Koji Niimi; Electronic musical instrument by nonlinearly addressing waveform memory. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 December 1983; 74 (6): 1929. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.390182 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
DISTANCE-BASED SPEECH SEGREGATION IN NEAR-FIELD VIRTUAL AUDIO DISPLAYS (2001)

In tasks that require listeners to monitor two or more simultaneous talkers, substantial performance benefits can be achieved by spatially separating the competing speech messages with a virtual audio display. Although the advantages of spatial separation in azimuth are well documented, little is known about the performance benefits that can be achieved when competing speech signals are presented at different distances in the near field. In this experiment, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) measured with a KEMAR manikin were used to simulate competing sound sources at distances ranging from 12 cm to 1 m along the interaural axis of the listener. One of the sound sources (the target) was a phrase from the Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) speech corpus, and the other sound source (the masker) was either a competing speech phrase from the CRM speech corpus or a speech-shaped noise signal. When speech-shaped noise was used as the masker, the intelligibility of the target phrase increased substantially only when the spatial separation in distance resulted in an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at one of the two ears. When a competing speech phrase was used as the masker, spatial separation in distance resulted in substantial improvements in the intelligibility of the target phrase even when the overall levels of the signals were normalized to eliminate any SNR advantages in the better ear, suggesting that binaural processing plays an important role in the segregation of competing speech messages in the near field. The results have important implications for the design of audio displays with multiple speech communication channels. 1.
Low Fixed Pattern Noise Current-mode Imager Using Velocity Saturated Readout Transistors (2007)

This paper described a novel current-mode active pixel sensor (APS) imager. Conversion of photodiode voltage to output current is done using transistors operating in velocity saturation region. The high output impedance of this region makes it more suitable for current-sourcing operation than the linear region. The transistors also exhibit high linearity, allowing us to suppress fixed pattern noise (FPN) by correcting for both offset and gain variations among pixels. Experimental results on the fabricated 110times200 pixel array are presented. With conventional correlated double sampling (CDS), FPN is reduced from 3.8% to 0.85%. Further reduction requires compensation of gain variations, and results in a final FPN of 0.19%. A triple sampling approach is introduced to implement the described correction in hardware.
Characterization and Performance of MALDI on a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer for Analysis and Quantification of Small Molecules (2005)

The usefulness of MALDI for small-molecule work has been limited by matrix chemical interference in the mass range of interest, tedious sample preparation, and various crystallization and sample deposition issues. We report instrument characterization and small-molecule quantification performance data from a high repetition rate laser MALDI ion source coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The high repetition rate laser improves sensitivity and precision and allows a proportional increase in sample throughput. Tandem mass spectrometry is used to discriminate the signal from the high chemical background caused by the MALDI matrix. Successful quantification requires use of an internal standard and a means of sample cleanup for typical in vitro sample compositions. This instrument combination and analysis technique is relatively insensitive to sample crystal quality and spot homogeneity. Quantitative performance results are characterized for 53 small-molecule pharmaceutical compounds and compared to those obtained by ESI-MS/MS. Further comparison between MALDI and ESI is examined, and the potential for high-throughput MALDI-MS/MS quantification is demonstrated.
Epitaxial carbon nanotube film self-organized by sublimation decomposition of silicon carbide (1997)

A film of well-oriented carbon nanotubes was produced by sublimation decomposition of silicon carbide at 1700 °C by using YAG laser heating in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The processes of SiC decomposition and the formation of carbon nanotubes were observed successively by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Carbon nanotubes were mostly oriented along the [111] direction on the (111) surface plane of β-SiC single crystal. The interface between them was observed by HREM.
Comparative Discrimination Spectral Detection Method for the Identification of Vapors Using Overlapping Broad Spectral Filters (2015)

We present a comparative discrimination spectral detection approach for the identification of chemical vapors using broad spectral filters. We applied the method to flowing vapors of as-received and non-interacting mixtures for the detection of the volatile components of a target chemical in the presence of interferents. The method is based on measurements of the overall spectral signature of the vapors, where the interferent spectrum largely overlaps the target spectrum. In this work we outline the construction of a set of abstract configuration-space vectors, generated by the broadband spectral components from sampled chemical vapors, and the subsequent vector-space operations between them, which enable the detection of a target chemical by comparative discrimination from interferents. The method was applied to the C-H vibrational band from 2500 to 3500 cm(-1), where there is large spectral signal overlap between the chosen target chemical and two interferents. Our results show clear detection and distinction of the target vapors without ambiguity.
Production of hydrogen. [metals oxidation/carbon reduction process; and cyyclic electrolytic; carbon reduction] (1980)

Hydrogen is produced in a cyclic metals oxidation/carbon reduction process. In particular, elemental iron or cobalt is oxidized in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide with the simultaneous generation of hydrogen. The iron or cobalt oxidation products of the reaction are thereafter reduced to elemental iron or cobalt by contact with a carbonaceous reducing agent at elevated temperatures and the reduced material recycled for reoxidation. In an alternate operation, hydrogen is produced in a cyclic electrolytic/carbon reduction process wherein elemental iron or cobalt is electrolytically converted to corresponding oxidation products with the simultaneous generation of hydrogen. The electrolytic cell used in this process comprises a cathode, a magnetic anode that is adapted to attract and retain iron and/or cobalt particles and an aqueous electrolyte. In the electrolytic cell, hydrogen is produced at the cathode and metal particles contained on the magnetic electrode are oxidized to a non-ferromagnetic specie, such as ferrous hydroxide. The nonferromagnetic species are recovered from the electrolytic cell and thereafter reconverted to particulate elemental iron and/or cobalt by treating the material with a carbonaceous reductant at an elevated temperature.
Azo polymers for reversible optical storage. 8. The effect of polarity of the azobenzene groups (1995)

Poly[4′-[[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]azobenzene] (pMAEA) was prepared. Its reversible optical storage properties were studied and compared with the properties of previously reported poly[4-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethylazobenzene] (pMEA) and poly[4-nitrophenyl-4′-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]ethyl-amino]phenyldiazene] (pDR1M). The effect of the dipole moment of the azobenzene moiety on the optical storage properties was studied by comparing the photochemically induced birefringence "writing" and "relaxation" behaviors. The writing and relaxation rates are both in the order pDR1M > pMAEA > pMEA. In addition, pDR1M, which contains donor/acceptor substituents in the azobenzene side chain, exhibits the highest saturation level of optically induced birefringence. The fraction of birefringence conserved after relaxation is lowest for pMEA, which has no donor/acceptor substituents in the azobenzene side chain, and highest for pDR1M. Keywords: polymers, azobenzene type, birefringence, photochemically induced orientation, reversible optical storage.
Arylsulfonate-Based Nucleophile Assisting Leaving Groups (2005)

The synthesis and unique reactivity of a series of arylsulfonate-based nucleophile assisting leaving groups (NALG) containing oligomeric ether units (including crown ethers) attached to the arylsulfonyl ring in the ortho orientation are described. The reactions of a variety of these ether-containing alkyl sulfonates with metal halides proceeded at substantially greater rates than electronically similar sulfonates. These ether-containing leaving groups also displayed marked selectivity for lithium halides relative to the corresponding sodium and potassium salts in nucleophilic displacement reactions.
Analysis of thin CdS layers on InP for improved metal–insulator–semiconductor devices (1996)

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) layers were deposited from an aqueous solution of thiourea, cadmium sulfate, and ammonia on (100) n-InP at 60–95 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the deposition process effectively removes native oxides on InP and forms a protective layer for subsequent dielectric deposition. Surface analysis also showed that the InP surface is not P deficient following oxide deposition on CdS-treated InP. Capacitance–voltage and conductance–voltage measurements of metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) capacitors were used to compare samples with and without CdS films between InP and a deposited insulator. Capacitance–voltage response of CdS-treated MIS structures showed well-defined regions of accumulation, depletion, and inversion. The interface-state density at midgap was reduced from 5×1011 to 6×1010 eV−1 cm−2 with CdS treatment. Depletion-mode MIS field-effect transistors made using this new passivation technique exhibited superior device performance to that of untreated samples.
Interferometric-probe monitors for self-diagnostics of phase-shifting mask performance (2003)

A pattern and interferometric-probe technique is introduced for self-testing the effective phase-depth, transmission, and edge effects of shifted regions of a phase-shifting mask (PSM). Both manufacturing error and image intensity imbalance between regions of differing phase necessitate an accurate, feature-dependent measurement. Through utilizing the coherent spillover (proximity effect) from a phase-etched pattern onto a phased-probe, any phase or transmission error is converted into a signal, measurable on either an AIMS tool or observed as an exposed probe in printed resist. The orthogonality of phase and transmission error allows amplification of each separately with either a 0° or 90° probe. The intensity change is a linear function of phase or transmission error and depends only on the size of the pattern and probe used. For example, a simple target of radius 3.1 λ/NA responds with 1% of the clear field intensity per degree of phase error. Simulation studies of several embodiments are shown as well as a mathematical theory describing the monitor's behavior. Target sensitivity is greater than existing image-plane analysis techniques for most feature types, to include phase trenches and contact arrays, and does not require through-focus analysis. Functionality is only slightly affected by lens aberrations and probe-manufacturing errors. Mask manufacturing is relatively simple and can be placed on a special test mask or interspersed in a production mask layout.
Characterization of Acridancarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Chemiluminescent Peroxidase Substrates (1998)

A new class of peroxidase substrates has been developed which produces chemiluminescence upon enzymatic oxidation. A wide variety of N-alkylacridancarboxylic acid derivatives including esters, thioesters, and sulfonamides are efficiently oxidized by a peroxidase and a peroxide to enzymatically produce the corresponding chemiluminescent acridinium compound. In conjunction with a peroxidase enhancer, continuous light emission with high light intensities and an extended duration are produced. Alternately, an appropriately designed acridan substrate produces a stable acridinium ester intermediate which can be accumulated and the chemiluminescence elicited as a burst of light by raising the pH. The effects of leaving groups and substitution on the acridan ring on the mechanism of light production are discussed. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation in the presence of a peroxide permits the detection of enzyme with subattomolar sensitivity and a broad linear dynamic range.
A General Strategy for Synthesizing Colloidal Semiconductor Zinc Chalcogenide Quantum Rods (2014)

Quasi-one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanocrystals manifest linearly polarized emission, reduced lasing threshold, and improved charge transport compared with their counterparts such as spherical quantum dots. Present investigations of colloidal semiconductor quantum rods are mainly based on cadmium chalcogenide systems because of their facile synthetic accessibility. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate quasi-1D zinc chalcogenide nanocrystals with controlled aspect ratios. Here we report a general strategy for synthesizing zinc chalcogenide quantum rods via a colloidal chemical synthetic approach. Unlike the most common growth mechanisms of quasi-1D colloidal nanocrystals such as monomer attachment and particle coalescence, the synthesis of zinc chalcogenide quantum rods is performed by a ripening process starting from their respective ultrathin nanowires through thermodynamically driven material diffusion. We anticipate that this strategy is general and could be applied to other systems to construct quasi-1D nanostructures. Moreover, the presence of cadmium-free (or "green") zinc chalcogenide quantum rods synthesized through this strategy provides a desirable platform for eco-friendly photocatalysis, optoelectronic devices, biolabeling, and other applications.
Modeling effects of spinal cord stimulation on wide-dynamic range dorsal horn neurons: influence of stimulation frequency and GABAergic inhibition (2014)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a clinical therapy for chronic, neuropathic pain, but an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying SCS contributes to the lack of improvement in SCS efficacy over time. To study the mechanisms underlying SCS, we constructed a biophysically based network model of the dorsal horn circuit consisting of interconnected dorsal horn interneurons and a wide-dynamic range (WDR) projection neuron and representations of both local and surround receptive field inhibition. We validated the network model by reproducing cellular and network responses relevant to pain processing including wind-up, A fiber-mediated inhibition, and surround receptive field inhibition. We then simulated the effects of SCS on the activity of the WDR projection neuron and found that the response of the model WDR neuron to SCS depends on the SCS frequency; SCS frequencies of 30-100 Hz maximally inhibited the model WDR neuron, while frequencies under 30 Hz and over 100 Hz excited the model WDR neuron. We also studied the impacts on the effects of SCS of loss of inhibition due to the loss of either GABA or KCC2 function. Reducing the influence of local and surround GABAergic interneurons by weakening their inputs or their connections to the WDR neuron and shifting the anionic reversal potential of the WDR neurons upward each reduced the range of optimal SCS frequencies and changed the frequency at which SCS had a maximal effect. The results of this study provide insights into the mechanisms of SCS and pave the way for improved SCS parameter selection.