gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetically Actuated Tunable Soft Electronics (2019)

Variable electronics are vital in tunable filters, transmitters, and receivers, among other applications. In addition, the ability to remotely tune soft capacitors, resistors, and inductors is important for applications in which the device is not accessible. In this paper, a uniform method of remotely tuning the characteristic properties of soft electronic units (i.e. inductance, capacitance, and resistance) is presented. In this method, magnetically actuated ferrofluid mixed with iron powder is dragged in a soft fluidic channel made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to tune the electrical properties of the component. The effects of position and quantity of the ferrofluid and iron powder are studied over a range of frequencies, and the changes in inductance, capacitance, resistance, quality factor, and self-resonance frequency are reported accordingly. The position plays a bigger role in changing inductance, capacitance, and resistance. With the proposed design, the inductance can be changed by 20.9% from 3.31 μH for planar inductors and 23% from 0.44 μH for axial inductors. In addition, the capacitance of capacitors and impedance of resistors can be changed by 12.7% from 2.854 pF and 185.3% from 0.353 kΩ, respectively. Furthermore, the changes in the inductance, capacitance, and resistance follow "quasi-linear profiles" with the input during position and quantity effect experiments.
Needle Impedance-Electromyography (I-EMG): a New Technique for the Electrodiagnostic Laboratory (P2.454) (2018)

We created a novel impedance-electromyography (I-EMG) needle electrode that expands needle electromyography (EMG) diagnostic capabilities by simultaneously measuring electrical impedance (I).
CloudMap: Workload-aware placement in private heterogeneous clouds (2012)

Cloud computing has emerged as an exciting hosting paradigm to drive up server utilization and reduce data center operational costs. Even though clouds present a single unified homogeneous resource pool view to end users, the underlying server landscape may differ in terms of functionality and reconfiguration capabilities (e.g., support for shared processors, live migration). In a private cloud setting where information on the resources as well as workloads are available, the placement of applications on clouds can leverage it to achieve better consolidation with performance guarantees. In this work, we present the design and implementation of CloudMap, a provisioning system for private clouds. Given an application's resource usage patterns, we match it with a server cluster with the appropriate level of reconfiguration capability. In this cluster, we place the application on a server that has existing workloads with complementary resource usage profile. CloudMap is implemented using a hybrid architecture with a global server cluster selection module and local cluster-specific server selection modules. Using production traces from live data centers, we demonstrate the effectiveness of CloudMap over existing placement methodologies.
Tyrosylated analogues of somatostatin (1976)

The total synthesis of [tyr1]-, [tyr6]-, E1Tyr7], [d-tyr8]-, [tyr11]-,and [tyr1,D-Trp8]somatostatin is described. The biological potencies of these analogues in vitro (inhibition of spontaneous secretion of radioimmunoassayable growth hormone by cultured rat anterior pituitary cells) as compared with that of somatostatin (100) were found to be 116, 29, 108, 10, 65, and 400, respectively; in vivo, in the rat, these peptides were assayed for their ability to inhibit the spontaneous release of insulin and glucagon. No statistically significant discrepancies were observed in the potency values obtained in vitro and in vivo further indicating similarities of specificities and sensitivities of the pituitary and pancreatotropic receptors.
Phosphor Systems for Illumination Quality Solid State Lighting Products (2010)

The objective of this program is to develop phosphor systems that will enable LED lamps with 96 lm/W efficacy at correlated color temperatures, (CCTs) ~3000 K, and color rendering indices (CRIs) >80 and 71 lm/W efficacy at CCT<3100 K and CRI~95 using phosphor downconversion of LEDs. This primarily involves the invention and development of new phosphor materials that have improved efficiency and better match the eye sensitivity curves.
A Robust and Customizable Tracking Algorithm for Accurate Heart Rate Estimation (demo) (2019)

Wearable health monitoring has become a very familiar term in today'sworld. One of the most popular means ofwearable sensing is photoplethysmogram (PPG). Due to its unobtrusive and ubiquitous nature, it is gaining popularity among people everywhere. Due to the ease of use, the utility of such technology is increasing day by day. However, in theworld of researchers, the accurate estimation of heart rate (HR) in presence of motion artefacts remains an unsolved problem due to the susceptibility of PPG signals to corruption by motion artefacts. The way in which a person fastens the device on the wrist plays an important role in the acquisition of signal from the device. While there are various research works going on in this field, there is always a trade-off between accuracy and complexity of algorithm and hardware resources. Also, in such scenarios where the sensor gets misplaced due to movements, there might be no PPG signal component available in the acquired signal data. In such cases the sophisticated denoising algorithms make no sense.
Phonation threshold pressure measurements during phonation by airflow interruption (1999)

The estimations of PTP for patients with vocal fold polyps were significantly higher than for the control subjects at three phonation levels.
A novel small-molecule compound disrupts influenza A virus PB2 cap-binding and inhibits viral replication (2016)

Our study provides new insights for the strategic development of novel cap-binding inhibitors of influenza A viruses.
Small-Molecule HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: the 2001-2002 Update (2003)

Integration of viral DNA into host cell chromosomal DNA to form a provirus is an essential step in the viral life cycle. This process is mediated by integrase (IN), a 32 KDa viral enzyme. The unique properties of IN makes it an ideal target for drug design. First, there are no cellular homologues to IN and the reactions catalyzed by IN are unique. Second, IN is absolutely required for viral replication and mutations in a number of key residues dramatically block viral replication. Third, IN has been validated as a legitimate target and the results from S-1360 (1) the only available IN inhibitor under clinical trials suggest synergistic effect with reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitors. During the past 10 years a plethora of inhibitors have been identified and some were shown to be selective against IN and block viral replication. The two most predominant classes of inhibitors have been the catechol containing hydroxylated aromatics and more recently the diketoacid containing aromatics. Herein, we review all small molecule compounds reported to inhibit recombinant HIV-1 IN with IC(50) values < 20 M during the past two years. It is important to bear in mind that the true mechanism of action and antiviral activities of many of the compounds are currently not established. However, based on the growing body of literature certain classes of compounds can be easily excluded as bona fide IN inhibitors.
An automated shielding algorithm and tool for dynamic circuits (2002)

This paper describes an algorithm and automated physical design methodology for noise sensitive dynamic circuits using a systematic shielding strategy to reduce capacitive coupling. As process technology, scales, the wire width and spacing become smaller, while wire thickness is proportionately higher. This results in increasing capacitive coupling between neighboring wires, which increases wire propagation delay and crosstalk of neighboring the wires. More importantly, coupled noise or crosstalk can affect the functionality of noise sensitive receivers. Thus, for noise sensitive datapath and control blocks, shielding signals from each other has become a necessary for implementing reliable circuits. The methodology and tool described in this paper were used to reduce the design time of domino logic control blocks in the UltraSparcIII/sup TM/ microprocessor. The two blocks reported here had delays half that of their static CMOS counterparts, the same area as the static design, capacitive coupling noise of less than 5% of VDD, and were designed in record time using the tools.
Autonomic cooling of composites using transpiration (2015)

In nature, plants use transpiration to transport water against gravity from the soil to their leaves, powering the flow of nutrients throughout the plant. During transpiration, water evaporates from the leaves (i.e. porous network) and is replenished by the xylem (i.e. vascular channels) from the water stored in the soil (i.e. reservoir). In our synthetic system, autonomic cooling of a structural composite is accomplished using a leaf inspired vascularized coating. In response to an external heat load, evaporation occurs from pores in the coating to remove heat. The fluid is then replaced by capillary action from an externally located reservoir, allowing for continuous operation. Experiments demonstrate the cooling performance of the system, its ability to self-start and stop, and the ability to remotely locate the reservoir.
Illumination-redistribution lenses for non-circular spots (2005)

The design of illumination lenses is far easier under the regime of the small-source approximation, whereby central rays are taken as representative of the entire source. This implies that the lens is much larger than the source's active emitter, and its entire interior surface is nowhere close to the source. Also, a given source luminance requires a minimum lens area to achieve the candlepower necessary for target illumination. We introduce two-surface aspheric lenses for specific illuminations tasks involving ceiling-mounted downlights, lenses that achieve uniform illuminance at the output aperture as well as at the target. This means that squared-off lenses will produce square spots. In particular, a semicircular lens and a vertical mirror will produce a semicircular spot suitable for gambling tables.
NOTCH Decoys That Selectively Block DLL/NOTCH or JAG/NOTCH Disrupt Angiogenesis by Unique Mechanisms to Inhibit Tumor Growth (2014)

This is the first report identifying unique regions of the NOTCH1 extracellular domain that interact with JAG-class and DLL-class ligands. Using this knowledge, we developed therapeutic agents that block JAG-dependent NOTCH signaling and demonstrate for the first time that JAG blockade inhibits experimental tumor growth by targeting tumor angiogenesis.
Single-Crystalline LaB<sub>6</sub> Nanowires (2005)

Lanthanum hexaboride nanowires produced by chemical vapor deposition are single-crystalline and grown along the [111] direction. Streaks appearing in the electron diffraction spots indicate the lateral direction perpendicular to the nanowire growth axis.
Coagulases as Determinants of Protective Immune Responses against Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

During infection, Staphylococcus aureus secretes two coagulases (Coa and von Willebrand factor binding protein [vWbp]), which, following an association with host prothrombin and fibrinogen, form fibrin clots and enable the establishment of staphylococcal disease. Within the genomes of different S. aureus isolates, coagulase gene sequences are variable, and this has been exploited for a classification of types. We show here that antibodies directed against the variable prothrombin binding portion of coagulases confer type-specific immunity through the neutralization of S. aureus clotting activity and protection from staphylococcal disease in mice. By combining variable portions of coagulases from North American isolates into hybrid Coa and vWbp proteins, a subunit vaccine that provided protection against challenge with different coagulase-type S. aureus strains in mice was derived.
Use of growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone to determine growth potential in beef heifers. (2001)

The response of GH to GHRH at weaning is known to predict postweaning growth and body composition in beef bulls. The objective of this study was to determine whether GH response to a challenge of GHRH and plasma IGF-I can predict growth rate and body composition in the beef heifer. Growth hormone response to a challenge with two doses of GHRH was measured in 67 Angus heifers averaging 225 d of age (SD = 21) and 217 kg BW (SD = 32). Blood samples were collected at 0 and 10 min relative to an initial "clearance dose" (4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW) and again, 3 h later, relative to a challenge dose (1.5 or 4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW). Each animal received each of the two challenge doses, which were randomly assigned across 2 d of blood collection. Serum GH concentration was measured by RIA. Plasma was collected every 28 d during a 140-d growth test and assayed for IGF-I by RIA. Body weight was measured every 28 d and hip height was measured at weaning and at the end of a 140-d growth test. Average daily gain was calculated on d 140 of the growth test and body composition measurements were estimated by ultrasound 2 wk after completion of the growth test. Responses to the two GHRH challenges were dose-dependent (P < 0.05). Average daily gain tended to be related to GH response to the 1.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose (R2 = 0.05; P = 0.06), but no relationship was observed at the 4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose (R2 = 0.00; P = 0.93). An inverse relationship (R2 = 0.06; P = 0.02) was observed between response to the 1.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose and intramuscular fat percentage. Mean plasma IGF-I concentration was positively associated with ADG (R2 = 0.06; P < 0.01). Growth hormone response to GHRH is modestly related to body composition but not to ADG in weanling beef heifers and likely has limited use in evaluation of growth performance in replacement beef heifers.
Blue upconversion thulium laser (1990)

We report a blue emission upconversion solid-state laser based on Tm<sup>3+</sup>:YLF. Under double resonance excitation at 780.8 nm (near-ir) and 648.8 nm (red), the Tm<sup>3+</sup> ion is sequentially excited from the <sup>3</sup>H<sub>6</sub> ground state to the <sup>1</sup>D<sub>2</sub> excited state through the <sup>3</sup>H<sub>4</sub> intermediate level. The laser output at 450 and 453 nm corresponds to the <sup>1</sup>D<sub>2</sub> -> <sup>3</sup>F<sub>4</sub> transitions of Tm<sup>3+</sup> ions in YLF.
High sensitivity Si-based backward diodes for zero-biased square-law detection and the effect of post-growth annealing on performance (2005)

High-sensitivity Si-based backward diodes were realized that are monolithically integratable with transistor circuitry. Potential applications include large area focal plane arrays. The Si-based backward diodes exhibit a high zero-biased curvature coefficient, /spl gamma/, of 31 V/sup -1/ and a low zero biased junction capacitance, C/sub j/, of 9 fF/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , all at room temperature. The predicted low frequency voltage sensitivity, /spl beta//sub V/, for a 50 /spl Omega/ source is 3100 V/W. The high sensitivity, low junction capacitance, and Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor compatibility of the Si-based backward diodes make them very attractive for zero-bias square-law detector applications.
Adaptive threshold-based approach for energy-efficient consolidation of virtual machines in cloud data centers (2010)

The rapid growth in demand for computational power driven by modern service applications combined with the shift to the Cloud computing model have led to the establishment of large-scale virtualized data centers. Such data centers consume enormous amounts of electrical energy resulting in high operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Dynamic consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) and switching idle nodes off allow Cloud providers to optimize resource usage and reduce energy consumption. However, the obligation of providing high quality of service to customers leads to the necessity in dealing with the energy-performance trade-off. We propose a novel technique for dynamic consolidation of VMs based on adaptive utilization thresholds, which ensures a high level of meeting the Service Level Agreements (SLA). We validate the high efficiency of the proposed technique across different kinds of workloads using workload traces from more than a thousand PlanetLab servers.
Novel Nanoarray SERS Substrates Used for High Sensitivity Virus Biosensing and Classification (2009)

Development of diagnostic methods for rapid and sensitive identification of viruses is essential for the advancement of therapeutic and preventive intervention strategies. Current diagnostic methods, e.g. virus isolation, PCR, antigen detection and serology, are time-consuming, cumbersome, or lack the required sensitivity. We have investigated the use of aligned Ag nanorod arrays, prepared by oblique angle deposition (OAD), as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for the identification and quantitation of viral pathogens. The OAD method of substrate preparation facilitates the selection of nanorod size, shape, density, alignment, orientation, and composition. The current chapter (??) will address the fundamental nanostructural design of metallic nanorod arrays and their influence on SERS enhancement, as well as the development of a spectroscopic biosensor assay for virus detection based on these unique nanostructured SERS probes. We will also present results of multivariate statistical analysis on the SERS spectra of different viral strains that indicate its feasibility to differentiate and classify viruses based on their intrinsic SERS spectra.
Characterization of aqueous alcohol solutions in bottles with THz reflection spectroscopy (2008)

We demonstrate a method based on self-referenced THz time-domain spectroscopy for inspection of aqueous liquids, and in particular alcohol solutions, inside closed containers. We demonstrate that it is possible to determine the alcohol content of an aqueous solution, and that liquids can be classified as either harmless or inflammable. The method operates in reflection mode with the result that liquids opaque to THz radiation can be characterized with little influence of the bottle shape. The method works with plastic bottles as well as glass bottles, with absorption of THz radiation by the plastic or the glass being the limiting factor. The reflection mode allows for automatic control of the validity of the measurement. The method will be useful in liquid scanning systems at security checkpoints.
A combinatorial approach to microstructure and thermopower of bulk thermoelectric materials: the pseudo-ternary PbTe–Ag2Te–Sb2Te3 system (2012)

The microstructures and Seebeck coefficients of thermoelectric alloys in the pseudo-ternary PbTe–Ag2Te–Sb2Te3 system were examined using samples that were compositionally graded by unidirectional solidification by the Bridgman method and diffusion couples. At compositions near the middle of the pseudo-binary PbTe–AgSbTe2 line, a compositionally modulated microstructure has been found. From diffusion couple experiments, it is found that the PbTe–AgSbTe2 system exhibits a miscibility gap at low temperatures while it forms a complete solid solution at high temperatures; the critical temperature is between 400 °C and 450 °C. The modulated microstructure originates from the decomposition of the high-temperature solid solution during cooling. Scanning Seebeck coefficient measurement on these samples covers a wide compositional space of the pseudo-ternary system. The Seebeck coefficient transitions from positive values at AgSbTe2-rich compositions to negative values at PbTe-rich compositions on the pseudo-binary PbTe–AgSbTe2 line. Composition-graded samples prepared by the Bridgman method are thus useful to investigate thermoelectric materials in multi-component systems.
A transitive closure based algorithm for test generation (1991)

We present a transitive closure (TC) based test generation algorithm.A test k obtained by determining signal values that sattsfy a Boolean expression constructed from the ctrcuit netltst and the fault.The atgorithm is a sequenceof two main stepsthat are repeatedly executed: TC computation and dectsion- maldng.To compute the TC of the ctrcuit, we construct an hnpltcation graph whose vertices are labeled as the true and fatse states of alt signals.A directed edge (z, y) tn this graph represents the controlling htfluence of the true state of signal z on the true state of signal y that are connected through a wire or a gate.Since the implication graph only includes pairwtse (or btnary) relations, it is a partial representation of the netlist.The TC of the bnplication graph contatns pairwise logical relationships among all signats.When signal relationships describing fault activation and path sensittzatton are included, TC determines signal fixations and logical contradictions that dtrectly identify many redundancies.Sensitization of physical and logical dominators, unique path sensitization, static and dynamic learntng and other techniques that are useful in determiatng necessary stgnal assignments are implicit tn the preeess.If signals thus determined satisfy the Boolean formula, we have a test.Otherwtse, we use the decision-making step, fix an unasstf+ned signal, and update the TC to find further logical consequences.
The I2C family from the wilt disease resistance locus I2 belongs to the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat superfamily of plant resistance genes. (1997)

Characterization of plant resistance genes is an important step in understanding plant defense mechanisms. Fusarium oxysporum f sp lycopersici is the causal agent of a vascular wilt disease in tomato. Genes conferring resistance to plant vascular diseases have yet to be described molecularly. Members of a new multigene family, complex I2C, were isolated by map-based cloning from the I2 F. o. lycopersici race 2 resistance locus. The genes show structural similarity to the group of recently isolated resistance genes that contain a nucleotide binding motif and leucine-rich repeats. Importantly, the presence of I2C antisense transgenes abrogated race 2 but not race 1 resistance in otherwise normal plants. Expression of the complete sense I2C-1 transgene conferred significant but partial resistance to F. o. lycopersici race 2. All members of the I2C gene family have been mapped genetically and are dispersed on three different chromosomes. Some of the I2C members cosegregate with other tomato resistance loci. Comparison within the leucine-rich repeat region of I2C gene family members shows that they differ from each other mainly by insertions or deletions.
Production of Biodegradable Polyester by a Transgenic Tobacco (1999)

The acetoacetyl-CoA reductase gene (phbB) of Ralstonia eutropha and the poly[(R)-(-)-3-hydroxyalkanoate] synthase gene (phaCAC) of Aeromonas caviae were introduced into tobacco plant by Agrobacterium mediated transformation method. The resulting transgenic tobacco expressed both introduced genes and the expression of these genes was confirmed by enzymatic analysis and western blotting. GC-MS analysis of the chloroform extract of tobacco leaves indicated that the transgenic plant produced biodegradable polyester, poly-[(R)-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate]. GPC analysis indicated that the number-average molecular weights (Mn) and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) were 32,000 and 1.90, respectively.