gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volatile, Monomeric, and Fluorine‐Free Precursors for the Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Zinc Oxide (2010)

Abstract Two new bis(ketoiminato)zinc(II) compounds that show excellent precursor properties for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of zinc oxide materials are presented. The synthesis of the ketoiminato zinc complexes [Zn{[(CH 2 ) x OCH 3 ]NC(CH 3 )=C(H)C(CH 3 )=O} 2 ] ( 1 : x = 2; 2 : x = 3) is straightforward and can easily be scaled up. Compounds 1 and 2 were analyzed by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and electron ionization mass spectrometry. The compounds exist as monomers with a distorted tetrahedral zinc center. Thermogravimetric studies, sublimation, and solubility tests reveal very promising properties for metal–organic CVD related applications. Preliminary metal–organic CVD experiments with the use of compound 1 were performed as a screening for the suitability of the new bis(ketoiminato)zinc complexes as precursors for the growth of ZnO thin films in the presence of oxygen. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray, and Rutherford backscattering measurements. The as‐deposited ZnO films were stoichiometric; the crystalline films exhibited strong preferred orientation along the c ‐axis.
A new method of measuring in vivo sound speed in the reflection mode (1988)

This paper describes a new method for in vivo sound measurement in the reflection mode. The mean sound speed between the reflector and linear array transducer is measured using the following three parameters: time of flight, time of flight difference, and distance between two receiver elements. To detect time of flight, the system delay-line time compensator is adjusted to obtain the sharpest reflector image. This method was evaluated in vivo in human livers, specifically 26 normal, 27 cirrhotic, and 15 fatty livers. The mean sound speed between diaphragm and the transducer was obtained. The measured sound speed was significantly higher in cirrhotic livers and lower in fatty livers.
Carbon Nanotube Growth from Diamond (2009)

We demonstrate that nanosize diamond particles in a stable solid phase can act as nuclei for carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by chemical vapor deposition. This growth process is explained by a new growth mechanism, where the surface diffusion of carbon adatoms on the solid surface of nanoparticles plays an important role, contrary to the bulk diffusion in conventional metal catalysts. The use of diamond nanoparticles overcomes the issues of deactivation due to fusion with each other or reaction with substrate materials in the CNT growth using conventional metal catalysts and promotes high-density CNT growth from highly dense nanoparticles on any substrate.
The <i>c</i> ‐ <i>erbB</i> ‐ <i>2</i> proto‐oncogene in human pancreatic cancer (1990)

The c-erb B-2 oncogene encodes a 190 kD transmembrane growth factor receptor which is closely related to the EGF receptor and has been found to be amplified and overexpressed in a number of human adenocarcinomas, particularly of the breast. We have analysed, by immunocytochemistry using the 21N antibody, expression of c-erb B-2 in a retrospective series of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, chronic pancreatitis, and examples of histologically normal pancreas. In three cases (21 per cent) of chronic pancreatitis, there were focal areas of cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in regenerating epithelium. In 15 cases (17 per cent) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was seen, while in two cases (2 per cent) strong membrane staining of tumour cells was seen which could be blocked by peptide controls. c-erb B-2 immunoreactivity was also demonstrated using a second antibody, 20N, which recognizes another peptide sequence of the c-erb B-2 protein. There was no relationship between immunoreactivity and histological subtype or grade, but there was absolute concordance between staining in primary and metastatic deposits. Since the rat homologue (neu) of the c-erb B-2 oncogene may be activated by a specific point mutation in its transmembrane region, we have analysed 23 cases from this series for mutations by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. We were unable to identify activity mutations in this series. These data suggest that there is abnormal expression of c-erb B-2 oncogene in nearly 20 per cent of cases although mutational activation of this gene is not seen in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Applying Evidence-Centered Design for the Development of Game-Based Assessments in Physics Playground (2015)

Game-based assessment (GBA) is a specific use of educational games that employs game activities to elicit evidence for educationally valuable skills and knowledge. While this approach can provide individualized and diagnostic information about students, the design and development of assessment mechanics for a GBA is a nontrivial task. In this article, we describe the 10-step procedure that the design team of Physics Playground (formerly known as Newton's Playground) has established by adapting evidence-centered design to address unique challenges of GBA. The scaling method used for Physics Playground was Bayesian networks; thus this article describes specific actions taken for the iterative process of constructing and revising Bayesian networks in the context of the game Physics Playground.
Extended half‐life upon binding of destabilized intrabodies allows specific detection of antigen in mammalian cells (2005)

The ectopic expression of antibody fragments inside mammalian cells (intrabodies) is a challenging approach for probing and modulating target activities. We previously described the shuttling activity of intracellularly expressed Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase conferred by the single-chain Fv (scFv) fragment 13R4 equipped with nuclear import/export signals. Here, by appending to scFvs the proteolytic PEST signal sequence (a protein region rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine and threonine) of mouse ornithine decarboxylase, we tested whether short-lived or destabilized intrabodies could affect the steady-state level of target by redirecting it to the proteasomes. In the absence of antigen, the half-life of the modified scFv 13R4, relative to untagged molecules, was considerably reduced in vivo. However, after coexpression with either cytoplasmic or nuclear antigen, the destabilized 13R4 fragments were readily maintained in the cell and strictly colocalized with beta-galactosidase. Analysis of destabilized site-directed mutants, that were as soluble as 13R4 in the intracellular context, demonstrated that binding to antigen was essential for survival under these conditions. This unique property allowed specific detection of beta-galactosidase, even when expressed at low level in stably transformed cells, and permitted isolation by flow cytometry from a transfected cell mixture of those living cells specifically labeled with bound intrabody. Altogether, we show that PEST-tagged intrabodies of sufficient affinity and solubility are powerful tools for imaging the presence and likely the dynamics of protein antigens that are resistant to proteasomal degradation in animal cells.
P‐205L: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : A Novel Pixel Circuit for Field Sequential Color LCD (2011)

Abstract A new pixel circuit with pixel memory is proposed for field sequential color display. The new pixel circuit associated with its unique driving scheme can solve voltage residue problem.
Quantitative evaluation of DNA methylation by optimization of a differential-high resolution melt analysis protocol (2009)

DNA methylation is a key regulator of gene transcription. Alterations in DNA methylation patterns are common in most cancers, occur early in carcinogenesis and can be detected in body fluids. Reliable and sensitive quantitative assays are required to improve the diagnostic role of methylation in the management of cancer patients. Here we present an optimized procedure, based on differential-high resolution melting analysis (D-HRMA), for the rapid and accurate quantification of methylated DNA. Two sets of primers are used in a single tube for the simultaneous amplification of the methylated (M) and unmethylated (Um) DNA sequences in D-HRMA. After HRM, differential fluorescence was calculated at the specific melting temperature after automatic subtraction of UM-DNA fluorescence. Quantification was calculated by interpolation on an external standard curve generated by serial dilutions of M-DNA. To optimize the protocol, nine primer sets were accurately selected on the basis of the number of CpG on promoters of hTERT and Bcl2 genes. The use of optimized D-HRMA allowed us to detect up to 0.025% M-DNA. D-HRMA results of DNA from 85 bladder cancers were comparable to those obtained with real time quantitative methylation specific PCR. In addition, D-HRMA appears suitable for rapid and efficient measurements in 'in vitro' experiments on methylation patterns after treatment with demethylating drugs.
Adaptive bug isolation (2010)

Statistical debugging uses lightweight instrumentation and statistical models to identify program behaviors that are strongly predictive of failure. However, most software is mostly correct; nearly all monitored behaviors are poor predictors of failure. We propose an adaptive monitoring strategy that mitigates the overhead associated with monitoring poor failure predictors. We begin by monitoring a small portion of the program, then automatically refine instrumentation over time to zero in on bugs. We formulate this approach as a search on the control-dependence graph of the program. We present and evaluate various heuristics that can be used for this search. We also discuss the construction of a binary instrumentor for incorporating the feedback loop into post-deployment monitoring. Performance measurements show that adaptive bug isolation yields an average performance overhead of 1% for a class of large applications, as opposed to 87% for realistic sampling-based instrumentation and 300% for complete binary instrumentation.
HAUSP as a therapeutic target for hematopoietic tumors (review) (2006)

p53, one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins, plays an essential role in regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis by sensing the integrity of genome. Therefore, the level of p53 protein is critical for normal cellular homeostasis, and is known to be subtly regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination systems. Numerous genetic alterations of p53 have been reported in all types of tumors. In hematopoietic tumors, the mutations of p53 gene are rare compared with solid tumors, which showed more than 50% frequency for p53 mutations. According to this characteristic feature of hematological tumors, the therapeutic strategy for targeting the level of p53 may be valuable in anti-cancer treatment of hematological tumors. Herein, we deal with the post-translational regulation of p53 via its specific ubiquitinating enzymes (Mdm2, Mdmx, COP1, Pirh2, ARF-BP1/Mule, and CHIP) and a deubiquitinating enzyme, herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP). In this article, we review the regulatory mechanism of p53 via ubiquitination and deubiquitination system and suggest the several possible therapeutic strategies of targeting HAUSP, a deubiquitinating enzyme for p53, for treating hematopoietic tumors.
Interaction of poly(methyl methacrylate) and nafions (1991)

Abstract The thermal degradation of Nafion–H, Nafion–K, and the mixture of each of these with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been studied. A mechanism is proposed for the thermal degradation of Nafion–H that involves an initial cleavage of the carbon–sulfur bond leading to SO 2 and OH radical and a carbon‐based radical. This carbon‐based radical then undergoes further degradation. The addition of PMMA to Nafion–H inhibits further degradation of the Nafion carbon‐based radical and instead radical recombination reactions between PMMA fragments and this Nafion radical dominate the reaction scheme. The replacement of the hydrogen in Nafion–H with a potassium (i.e., Nafion–K) produces a much more robust material that does not degrade under conditions similar to those used for Nafion–H. Nafion–K has little effect on the degradation of PMMA.
Metadata management in federated multimedia systems (2002)

A Federated Information System requires that multiple (often heterogenous) information systems are integrated to the extent that they can share data through views. One issue faced during the construction of federated view schemata is the continuous need to extract metadata from cooperating systems. This is more pressing in the case of federated multimedia systems where needless transfer of large binary objects affects system performance. Where participating systems employ an object-oriented common model to communicate, obtaining metadata is problematic due to the type and complexity of object-oriented metamodels. In the IOMPAR project, we specified and developed a high-level query interface for the ODMG schema repository in order to simplify this task for integration system engineers. This paper describes a schema repository query language which greatly reduces the efforts of integration engineers.
Stereo vision based road surface preview (2014)

Road surface preview is an application where road surface elevation profile in front of the host vehicle is estimated, whereby bumps and potholes can be detected for active suspension control and roadway maintenance. In this paper, we describe a stereo vision system that performs road surface preview along the host vehicle path. Real-time 3D road surface reconstruction was calculated from stereo range images at centimeter scale to provide elevation profiles along predicted tire tracks. Camera pitch angle is dynamically estimated, which is used to correct elevation errors caused by host vehicle pitching up and down on the roadway. Having been implemented in embedded hardware and tested in passenger vehicles, the described system showed good performance for various road conditions and on different road surfaces (asphalt, concrete, and dirt roads).
Perceptual Load in Different Regions of the Visual Scene and Its Relevance for Driving (2014)

Given the observed importance of perceptual load, authors of future studies of driving safety should take it into account. Specifically, these findings suggest that our understanding of factors that may be relevant for driving safety would benefit from studying these factors under different levels of load at different regions of the visual scene.
An Overview of Recent Trends in Software Testing (2014)

In the field of search based software testing, genetic algorithm based testing has received a major share of attention among researchers during the last few years. Though there are advantages for this type of testing, there also exist some practical difficulties which can make this technique less attractive for software testing industry. The potential of program slicing in testing has not been fully exploited till now and the works that have explicitly demonstrated the application of slicing in testing field are rare. Our paper aims to analyze existing techniques for software testing and to introduce an approach for software testing using program slicing technique. A systematic review of genetic algorithm based works reveals that, fitness function design, population initialization and parameter settings impact the quality of solution obtained in software testing using genetic algorithm. Based on the conclusions from the existing literature, we have probed deeper about the issues in these areas. Making an unbiased review like this may help to solve these unresolved issues in genetic algorithm based software testing. In this work, we have emphasized and has given clear directions on how slicing can be used as a potential tool for practical software testing. In addition, a set of research questions have been framed, which may be answered by reviewing the study made in this work. This may help future research in this area, leading to major breakthrough in software testing field.
Enabling Technologies for Operator 4.0: A Survey (2018)

The fast development of smart sensors and wearable devices has provided the opportunity to develop intelligent operator workspaces. The resultant Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (H-CPS) integrate the operators into flexible and multi-purpose manufacturing processes. The primary enabling factor of the resultant Operator 4.0 paradigm is the integration of advanced sensor and actuator technologies and communications solutions. This work provides an extensive overview of these technologies and highlights that the design of future workplaces should be based on the concept of intelligent space.
Functional Module Analysis Reveals Differential Osteogenic and Stemness Potentials in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Bone Marrow and Wharton's Jelly of Umbilical Cord (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in bone marrow (BM)-MSCs are an attractive source for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Alternative postnatal, perinatal, and fetal sources of MSCs are also under intensive investigation. MSCs from the Wharton's jelly matrix of umbilical cord (WJ)-MSCs have higher pancreatic and endothelial differentiation potentials than BM-MSCs, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We compared the gene expression profiles, enriched canonical pathways, and genetic networks of BM-MSCs and WJ-MSCs. WJ-MSCs express more angiogenesis- and growth-related genes including epidermal growth factor and FLT1, whereas BM-MSCs express more osteogenic genes such as RUNX2, DLX5, and NPR3. The gene expression pattern of BM-MSCs is more similar to osteoblasts than WJ-MSCs, suggesting a better osteogenic potential. In contrast, WJ-MSCs are more primitive because they share more common genes with embryonic stem cells. BM-MSCs are more sensitive to environmental stimulations because their molecular signatures altered more significantly in different culture conditions. WJ-MSCs express genes enriched in vascular endothelial growth factor and PI3K-NFκB canonical pathways, whereas BM-MSCs express genes involved in antigen presentation and chemokine/cytokine pathways. Drylab results could be verified by wetlab experiments, in which BM-MSCs were more efficient in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, whereas WJ-MSCs proliferated better. WJ-MSCs thus constitute a promising option for angiogenesis, whereas BM-MSCs in bone remodeling. Our results reveal systematically the underlying genes and regulatory networks of 2 MSCs from unique ontological and anatomical origins, as well as the resulted phenotypes, thereby providing a better basis for cell-based therapy and the following mechanistic studies on MSC biology.
Interactive holographic stereograms with accommodation cues (2009)

Image-based holographic stereogram rendering methods for holographic video have the attractive properties of moderate computational cost and correct handling of occlusions and translucent objects. These methods are also subject to the criticism that (like other stereograms) they do not present accommodation cues consistent with vergence cues and thus do not make use of one of the significant potential advantages of holographic displays. We present an algorithm for the Diffraction Specific Coherent Panoramagram -- a multi-view holographic stereogram with correct accommodation cues, smooth motion parallax, and visually defined centers of parallax. The algorithm is designed to take advantage of parallel and vector processing in off-the-shelf graphics cards using OpenGL with Cg vertex and fragment shaders. We introduce wavefront elements - "wafels" - as a progression of picture element "pixels", directional element "direls", and holographic element "hogels". Wafel apertures emit controllable intensities of light in controllable directions with controllable centers of curvature, providing accommodation cues in addition to disparity and parallax cues. Based on simultaneously captured scene depth information, sets of directed variable wavefronts are created using nonlinear chirps, which allow coherent diffraction of the beam across multiple wafels. We describe an implementation of this algorithm using a commodity graphics card for interactive display on our Mark II holographic video display.
A Tentative Study on the Functions and Applications of English Euphemism (2013)

Euphemism is not only a social phenomenon, but also a lingual phenomenon. In social interaction, people have to use different words to convey their thoughts and ideas. In order to avoid the embarrassment or ease the sting of harsh words, man has created euphemism. In western cultures, people have been using euphemism widely in many different fields. The originality of this paper lies in the study of English euphemism from the perspective of pragmatics. This paper introduces the features, functions and the applications of English euphemism, intending to help people better understand euphemism and make good use of them in real communication.
An energy conservation method for wireless sensor networks employing a blue noise spatial sampling technique (2004)

In this work, we present a method for the selection of a subset of nodes in a wireless sensor network whose application is to reconstruct the image of a (spatially) bandlimited physical value (e.g., temperature). The selection method creates a sampling pattern based on blue noise masking and guarantees a near minimal number of activated sensors for a given signal-to-noise ratio. The selection method is further enhanced to guarantee that the sensor nodes with the least residual energy are the primary candidates for deselection, while enabling a tradeoff between sensor selection optimality and balanced load distribution. Simulation results show the effectiveness of these selection methods in improving signal-to-noise ratio and reducing the necessary number of active sensors compared with simpler selection approaches.
Evidence of quantum phase slip effect in titanium nanowires (2012)

Electron transport properties of titanium nanowires were experimentally studied. Below the effective diameter $\ensuremath{\lesssim}$50 nm all samples demonstrated a pronounced broadening of the $R(T)$ dependencies, which cannot be accounted for by thermal fluctuations. Extensive microscopic and elemental analyses indicate the absence of structural or/and geometrical imperfections capable of broadening the $R(T)$ transition to such an extent. We associate the effect with quantum fluctuations of the order parameter.
Channel estimation and equalization for GSM with multiple antennas (2003)

We present a complete space-time demodulation scheme for the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) assuming two antennas at the receiver. The scheme includes multipath channel estimation using a blind method (cross-relation (CR) with maximum in-band energy (MIE) method), two semi-blind methods (combination of the training sequence with either the CR method alone or the CR with MIE method), and a method based on the training sequence alone. For the equalization we apply a zero-forcing equalizer, which equalizes only over the band of the Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) signal. The demodulation of the equalized GMSK signal is done by an implementation of the Viterbi algorithm employing decision metrics based on the amplitude of the equalized signal. The simulation results show that the semi-blind scheme which is based on the maximum in-band energy method is superior to the other three methods and therefore outperforms the approach of solely exploiting the training sequence. The success of these methods shows that it is not necessary to apply the linear approximation of the GMSK signal in the case of multiple antennas to effect blind and semi-blind channel identification. Thus, these multiple antenna based algorithms are applicable to non-linear modulation schemes as well as standard linear modulation schemes.