gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amperometric glucose sensor using silicon oxide deposited gold electrodes (1991)

Abstract Glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized electrodes using silicon oxide, were fabricated and their characteristics were evaluated. Silicon oxide deposited gold band (200 μm wide) and disk (1 mm diameter) electrodes were fabricated by vapor deposition of silicon monoxide. Alkylaminosilan and glutaraldehyde treatments were performed on the silicon oxide surface, followed by GOD immobilization. The GOD‐immobilized band electrode treated with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane was characterized in a flow injection system. Hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzyme reaction was measured, resulting in a good response capable of high glucose concentration determination. The calibration curve was linear in the range between 1 to 200 mM. The GOD‐immobilized disk electrode treated with 3‐aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane was examined using electron transfer mediators. The effect of the thickness of silicon oxide on the response to glucose was investigated, leading to the highest, response at the electrode with the silicon oxide film that was 400 nm thick. In addition, a numerical analysis was performed, suggesting that immobilized GOD was located mainly in the vicinity of the silicon oxide surface.
Benchmark test cases for the National Combustion Code (1998)

In this paper, benchmark test cases for the National Combustion Code (NCC) 0 version 1.0 are compiled and documented. Both two(including planar and axisymmetric) and three-dimensional non-reacting and reacting flows are reported. The reacting cases include both premixed and non-premixed flames. The purpose of this effort is to provide a standard suite of test cases that are documented with detailed computer time usage, number of processors (or workstations), running environment and numerical performance in terms of convergence and solution accuracy for the users and code developers. The benchmark test cases compiled here are not only to provide a starting point for the new users of the NCC to become familiar with the code, but also to serve as standard test cases for any new numerical schemes or physical models that are to be implemented into the NCC.
Routing, spectrum and core allocation in flexgrid SDM networks with multi-core fibers (2014)

Space division multiplexing (SDM) over multi-core fiber (MCF) is advocated as a promising technology to overcome the capacity limit of the current single-core optical networks. However, employing the MCF for flexgrid networks necessitates the development of new concepts, such as routing, spectrum and core allocation (RSCA) for traffic demands. The introduction of MCF in the networks mitigates the spectrum continuity constraint of the routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) problem. In fact cores can be switched freely on different links during routing of the network traffic. Similarly, the route disjointness for demands with same allocated spectrum diminishes to core disjointness at the link level. On the other hand, some new issues such as the inter-core crosstalk should be taken into account while solving the RSCA problem. This paper formulates the RSCA network planning problem using the integer linear programming (ILP) formulation. The aim is to optimally minimize the maximum number of spectrum slices required on any core of MCF of a flexgrid SDM network. Furthermore, a scalable and effective heuristic is proposed for the same problem and its performance is compared with the optimal solution. The results show that the proposed algorithm is able to well approximate the optimal solution based on ILP model. © 2014 IFIP.
디지털TV에서의 수용경험과 순환에 관한 연구 가족TV, 개인TV, 우리TV, 나의TV (2016)

이 연구는 연결된 TV 시대에 수용자가 시공간적 맥락에 따라 각기 다르게 선택하고 소비하는 TV 형식에 대해 고찰한다. 논의의 범위와 내용은 크게 두 가지로 구성되어 있다. 첫째, 네트워크화된 미디어 공간에서의 다양한 TV 형식들을 검토한다. 여기에서는 텔레비전 수용 맥락과 수용 방식을 네트워크화된 미디어 공간과 연결된 시청 개념에 입각해, 디지털TV의 수용 맥락은 시공간구속성의 탈피의 측면에서, 디지털TV의 수용 방식은 비 동시성과 연결된 시청의 측면에서 고찰해 시간적 요소(동시성, 비동시성)와 공간적 요소(공간 구속성, 공간 비구속성)에 따라 가족TV, 개인TV, 나의TV, 우리TV 형식을 유형화한다. 이들 TV 형식은 수용 맥락에 따라 각기 다르게 존재하는 수용 방식상의 형식이다. 둘째, 이들 TV 형식이 실제 생활에서 어떻게 실천되는지를 살펴본다. 기존 텔레비전의 시청 경험인 선형적 흐름이 새로운 시청 경험이라 할 수 있는 연결된 시청으로 전이 혹은 교섭되는 방식을 시청자의 삶 속에서 제시한다. 분석 결과 복합적인 TV 형식에서 개인은 네 개의 TV 형식 운용은 물론이거니와 순환에서도 텔레비전의 흐름을 바꿔놓는 핵심 요인이었다. 이를 통해 복합적인 TV 형식에서는 시간 단위별로 연속성을 띤 프로그램으로 소비되는 계획된 흐름에서 개인의 시공간적 조건과 자유롭게 결부된 선택적 흐름으로 전환해가고 있음을 발견할 수 있었다.
Stable Peers: Existence, Importance, and Application in Peer-to-Peer Live Video Streaming (2008)

This paper presents a systematic in-depth study on the existence, importance, and application of stable nodes in peer- to-peer live video streaming. Using traces from a real large-scale system as well as analytical models, we show that, while the number of stable nodes is small throughout a whole session, their longer lifespans make them constitute a significant portion in a per-snapshot view of a peer-to-peer overlay. As a result, they have substantially affected the performance of the overall system. Inspired by this, we propose a tiered overlay design, with stable nodes being organized into a tier-1 backbone for serving tier-2 nodes. It offers a highly cost-effective and deployable alternative to proxy-assisted designs. We develop a comprehensive set of algorithms for stable node identification and organization. Specifically, we present a novel structure, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Labeled</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Tree</i> , for the tier-1 overlay, which, leveraging stable peers, simultaneously achieves low overhead and high transmission reliability. Our tiered framework flexibly accommodates diverse existing overlay structures in the second tier. Our extensive simulation results demonstrated that the customized optimization using selected stable nodes boosts the streaming quality and also effectively reduces the control overhead. This is further validated through prototype experiments over the PlanetLab network.
A Novel Lateral Phase-Change Random Access Memory Characterized by Ultra Low Reset Current and Power Consumption (2006)

We have fabricated and studied single lateral phase-change random-access-memory (PRAM), which has a confined Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) channel connected by two wide TiN electrodes of relatively low resistivity. Its switching current for Reset operation could be as low as 4–20 µA, about one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional bottom contact PRAM cell. Its corresponding switching power for Reset operation is about 2–4 µW. The reason for such ultra low Reset current and power could be that Joule heating occurred mainly in the GST channel, instead of the resistive heater in the conventional PRAM cell.
Modified Quadratic Discriminant Functions and the Application to Chinese Character Recognition (1987)

Issues in the quadratic discriminant functions (QDF) are discussed and two types of modified quadratic disriminant functions (MQDF1, MQDF2) which are less sensitive to the estimation error of the covariance matrices are proposed. The MQDF1 is a function which employs a kind of a (pseudo) Bayesian estimate of the covariance matrix instead of the maximum likelihood estimate ordinarily used in the QDF. The MQDF2 is a variation of the MQDF1 to save the required computation time and storage. Two discriminant functions were applied to Chinese character recognition to evaluate their effectiveness, and remarkable improvement was observed in their performance.
Continuously chirped DFB gratings by specially bent waveguides for tunable lasers (1995)

We have implemented and studied a new type of tunable multiple-section semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser using tailored chirped DFB gratings. Arbitrarily and continuously chirped DFB gratings are defined by bent waveguides on homogeneous grating fields with ultrahigh spatial precision. The mathematical bending functions are optimized in this case to provide enlarged wavelength tuning ranges. We present the results of model calculations, the technological device realization and experimental results of the DFB laser characterization e.g. a tuning range of 5.5 nm without wavelength gaps and high side mode suppression ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effectiveness of Wii-based rehabilitation in stroke: A randomized controlled study (2018)

Virtual reality exercises with the Nintendo Wii system could represent a useful adjunctive therapy to traditional treatment to improve static and dynamic balance in stroke patients.
Semi-Markov Unreliability Range Evaluator (SURE) And Pade Approximation With Scaling And Scaled Taylor Exponential Matrix (PAWS/STEM) (1991)

Together, programs form reliability workbench, offering several theoretical approaches to design of redundant systems used in situations where failure catastrophic.
An Interweaving MOF with High Hydrogen Uptake (2006)

An interweaving copper metal-organic framework possessing high porosity and high hydrogen uptake has been successfully designed and synthesized.
Using Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation Approach to Defend DDoS Attacks (2008)

Denial of service attacks occur when the attacks are from a single host, whereas distributed denial of service attacks occur when multiple affected systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system. Although it is not possible to exempt entirely from denial of service or distributed denial of service attacks, we can limit the malicious user by controlling the traffic flow. In the paper, we propose to monitor the traffic pattern in order to alleviate distributed denial of service attacks. A bandwidth allocation policy will be adopted to assign normal users to a high priority queue and suspected attackers to a low priority queue. Simulations conducted in network simulator of our proposed priority queue-based scheme shows its effectiveness in blocking attack traffic while maintaining constant flows for legitimate traffic.
A non conventional power converter for plasma stabilization (2003)

The design and control of a nonconventional converter with a peak power of 3.6 MVA and a bandwidth ranging from DC up to 10 kHz are presented. The converter has been designed for an experiment that has recently been proposed within the framework of the JET project. The basic conformation of the converter is described. The novel control technique, which is based on a comparison between the current reference and the load current, through a system of hysteresis comparators and a simple combinatorial network, is presented. Simulation results are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improvements to enhanced horseradish peroxidase detection sensitivity (1994)

At very low horseradish peroxidase (HRP) concentrations, the enhanced chemiluminescence reaction is often characterized by a lag time between initiation of the reaction and beginning of light output. In this study, four treatments of luminol solution were examined in an effort to remove the lag time and to improve chemiluminescence light output. Addition of ammonium persulphate stimulated light output more than tenfold. Ultraviolet irradiation and photoactive dye pretreatment of luminol solution both increased light output fourfold. Luminol purity was the most important factor affecting detection sensitivity. Recrystallization of luminol from base improved the detection limit 13-fold although there was an improvement in the detection limit from 13 attomoles per millilitre to 5 attomoles per millilitre with highly purified luminol when photoactive dye pretreatment was utilized. The results are consistent with a simple interference mechanism whereby enhancer radicals produced by the enzyme are preferentially quenched by contaminants present in the luminol, in the enhancer and in the solvent used to dissolve the enhancer. Consumption of these interferences prior to light emission results in a lag time and a less favourable HRP detection limit.
Mitigating the Mismatch between the Coherence Protocol and Conflict Detection in Hardware Transactional Memory (2014)

Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) usually piggybacks onto the cache coherence protocol to detect data access conflicts between transactions. We identify an intrinsic mismatch between the typical coherence scheme and transaction execution, which causes a sizable amount of unnecessary transaction aborts. This pathological behavior is called false aborting and increases the amount of wasted computation and on-chip communication. For the TM applications we studied, 41% of the transactional write requests incur false aborting. To combat false aborting, we propose Predictive Unicast and Notification (PUNO), a novel hardware mechanism to 1) replace the inefficient coherence multicast with a unicast scheme to prevent transactions from being disrupted unnecessarily and 2) restrain transaction polling through proactive notification. PUNO reduces transaction aborts by 61% and network traffic by 32% in workloads representative of future TM applications with a VLSI implementation area overhead of 0.41%.
Histone 2B can be modified by the attachment of ubiquitin (1980)

Histone 2B in mouse and man can be modified by the post-translational addition of ubiquitin. In mouse L1210 cells, both H2B variants are modified, however only to the extent of 1-1.5% compared with about 11% of H2A. Analysis of cyanogen bromide peptides shows that ubiquitin is attached to the C-terminal part of the histone.
Fat Grafting (2012)

This systematic review revealed a lack of high-quality data despite the increase in fat grafting over the past 20 years. At present, there is no evidence that supports specific procedural standardization. Evidence-based studies that incorporate randomized controlled, prospective, multicenter trials are required to understand which factors influence positive fat grafting clinical outcomes.
Water-soluble nanocrystalline cellulose films with highly transparent and oxygen barrier properties (2015)

By mixing a guar gum (GG) solution with a nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) dispersion using a novel circular casting technology, we manufactured biodegradable films as packaging materials with improved optical and mechanical properties. These films could act as barriers for oxygen and could completely dissolve in water within 5 h. We also compared the effect of nanocomposite films and commercial food packaging materials on the preservation of food.
Easy Preparation of Self-Assembled High-Density Buckypaper with Enhanced Mechanical Properties (2014)

A controlled assembly and alignment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a high-packing density with a scalable way remains challenging. This paper focuses on the preparation of self-assembled and well-aligned CNTs with a densely packed nanostructure in the form of buckypaper via a simple filtration method. The CNT suspension concentration is strongly reflected in the alignment and assembly behavior of CNT buckypaper. We further demonstrated that the horizontally aligned CNT domain gradually increases in size when increasing the deposited CNT quantity. The resultant aligned buckypaper exhibited notably enhanced packing density, strength, modulus, and hardness compared to previously reported buckypapers.
A step towards the electrophotonic nose: integrating 1D photonic crystals with organic light-emitting diodes and photodetectors (2014)

An innovative integrated sensing platform for the detection of various chemical analytes via translating the photonic stop-band shift of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) into an electrical current change is proposed. The miniaturized sensing platform features an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as a light source and an organic photodetector (OPD) as a light sensor and allows for the detection of ethanol vapor concentrations down to ≈ 10 parts per million (ppm) in nitrogen, which corresponds to a stop-band shift of ≈ 27 pm. The resolution of the proposed platform exceeds the capabilities of most commercial spectrometers and by far the human eye, while, at the same time, such a sensor is less expensive and less power consuming than a spectrometer. The presented setup is generic and can detect optical changes in the transmission of PCs, which can be induced by both vapor adsorption or by a liquid analyte, as demonstrated with a microfluidic setup.
Development of a social morbidity score in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis as a potential guide to treatment (2012)

The SICC-IBD is a new tool for assessment of patients with ulcerative colitis, which has identified new aspects of social disability for further study and for potential use as an additional tool in therapy decisions.
Nonlinear Restoration of Noisy Images (1982)

The restoration of images degraded by an additive white noise is performed by nonlinearly filtering a noisy image. The standard Wiener approach to this problem is modified to take into account the edge information of the image. Various filters of increasing complexity are derived. Experimental results are shown and compared to the standard Wiener filter results and other earlier attempts involving nonstationary filters.
Hierarchically Patterned Noncovalent Functionalization of 2D Materials by Controlled Langmuir–Schaefer Conversion (2018)

Noncovalent monolayer chemistries are often used to functionalize 2D materials. Nanoscopic ligand ordering has been widely demonstrated (e.g., lying-down lamellar phases of functional alkanes); however, combining this control with micro- and macroscopic patterning for practical applications remains a significant challenge. A few reports have demonstrated that standing phase Langmuir films on water can be converted into nanoscopic lying-down molecular domains on 2D substrates (e.g., graphite), using horizontal dipping (Langmuir-Schaefer, LS, transfer). Molecular patterns are known to form at scales up to millimeters in Langmuir films, suggesting the possibility of transforming such structures into functional patterns on 2D materials. However, to our knowledge, this approach has not been investigated, and the rules governing LS conversion are not well understood. In part, this is because the conversion process is mechanistically very different from classic LS transfer of standing phases; challenges also arise due to the need to characterize structure in noncovalently adsorbed ligand layers <0.5 nm thick, at scales ranging from millimeters to nanometers. Here, we show that scanning electron microscopy enables diynoic acid lying-down phases to be imaged across this range of scales; using this structural information, we establish conditions for LS conversion to create hierarchical microscopic and nanoscopic functional patterns. Such control opens the door to tailoring noncovalent surface chemistry of 2D materials to pattern local interactions with the environment.
Serum Pleiotrophin Is a New Multiple Myeloma Tumor Marker That Also Predicts Clinical Status. (2005)

Abstract Pleiotrophin (PTN), an 18 kD heparin-binding protein, has been found to be expressed in some solid tumors whereas it has not been previously evaluated in hematologic malignancies. Constitutive expression of PTN promotes tumor expansion and may increase metastatic potential. This protein binds to syndecan-1 (CD138) and stimulates angiogenesis. Its role in multiple myeloma (MM), thus far, has not been evaluated. Recently, we showed that PTN was strongly expressed in MM cell lines and malignant plasma cells from fresh bone marrow samples but not in normal control bone marrow specimens. Since PTN has been shown to be elevated in the serum of some solid tumor patients, we determined whether PTN may be elevated in the serum of MM patients, and correlated these levels with the patients’ disease status. By using a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PTN, we tested 270 different serum samples [MM (n=194), MGUS (n=18) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n=58)]. Serum samples from MM patients were obtained at the time of diagnosis as well as during the course of their disease. Serum PTN levels were higher in MM patients than in the control subjects (median=1.44 ng/ml vs 0.42 ng/ml, p &lt;0.0001). In addition, among patients with MGUS and smoldering myeloma, serum PTN was also higher than in the controls (median=1.14 ng/ml vs 0.42 ng/ml, p &lt;0.0001) but lower than among patients with active MM (p &lt;0.0001). Patients with untreated MM showed serum PTN levels similar to those patients who received prior treatment. Among previously treated patients, the group with progressive disease at the time of evaluating their PTN level had higher serum concentrations of this protein than patients with responsive or stable disease (median=1.73 ng/ml vs 1.16 ng/ml, p &lt;0.0001). Evaluation of patients who had a change in disease status showed that the serum PTN level increased at the time of progression when compared with their baseline level (median=1.76 ng/ml vs 1.01 ng/ml, p=0.009). Conversely, patients who responded to anti-MM therapy exhibited significant decreases of PTN as compared with their pre-treatment PTN values (median=0.95 ng/ml vs 1.90 ng/ml, p=0.007). These results suggest that serum PTN may be a new tumor marker for MM, and monitoring of this protein may be useful to follow the responsiveness to therapy and disease status of MM patients. We are now undertaking studies to evaluate PTN as a prognostic marker in a large cohort of newly diagnosed MM patients.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the ferripyoverdine receptor gene fpvA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1993)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa K437 lacks the ferripyoverdine receptor and, as a result, grows poorly on an iron-deficient minimal medium supplemented with ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) and pyroverdine. By using a phagemid-based in vivo cloning system, attempts were made to clone the receptor gene by complementing this growth defect. Several recombinant phagemids carrying P. aeruginosa chromosomal DNA which provided for good growth on EDDHA-pyoverdine-containing medium and which concomitantly restored production of the ferripyroverdine receptor in strain K437 were isolated. These phagemids contained a common 4.6-kb SphI fragment which similarly restored production of the receptor in K437. Nucleotide sequencing of the SphI fragment revealed a single large open reading frame, designated fpvA (ferripyoverdine uptake), of 2439 bp. The predicted translation product of fpvA has a molecular mass of 89,395 Da. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified ferripyoverdine receptor confirmed fpvA as the receptor gene. Moreover, it indicated that the receptor is initially synthesized as a precursor with a signal sequence of 27 amino acids which is cleaved to yield the mature protein. The deduced FpvA polypeptide exhibited homology to regions shown to be conserved in TonB-dependent receptor proteins. FpvA also shared strong homology (41.3% identity) with the PupA protein of Pseudomonas putida WCS358. This protein is the receptor for the iron-bound form of pseudobactin, a compound structurally very similar to pyoverdine.