gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperuniform disordered photonic band gap silicon devices for optical interconnects (2014)

We report experimental and simulation results for silicon waveguides and devices in hyperuniform disordered photonic solids. Our results demonstrate the ability of disordered photonic bandgap materials to serve as a platform for optical integrated circuits.
Thermoelectric properties of MOCVD-grown AlInN alloys with various compositions (2011)

Thermoelectric properties of AlInN alloys, grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), with In-contents (x) from 11 % up to 21.34% were characterized and analyzed at room temperature. The thermoelectric figure of merit (Z*T) values of the n-Al<sub>1-x</sub>In<sub>x</sub>N alloys were measured as high as 0.391 up to 0.532 at T = 300 K. The use of high In-content (x = 21.34%) AlInN alloys leads to significant reduction in thermal conductivity [κ = 1.62 W/(mK)] due to the increased alloy scattering, however, the optimized thermoelectric material was obtained for AlInN alloy with In-content of 17% attributed to its large power factor.
Polymer encapsulation of colloidal asbestos fibrils (1972)

Abstract The free‐radical polymerization of several monomers in an aqueous suspension containing chemically opened chrysotile asbestos fibrils was investigated with the intention of promoting complete encapsulation of the individual colloidal fibrils. The degree of polymer deposition on the colloidal substrate is dependent upon several factors including monomer and polymer solubility, initiator type, ionic comonomers, and degree of interfacial wetting. Successful encapsulation was achieved by the addition of novel unsaturated polyelectrolytes which served a dual role as dispersing agent and comonomer. Such methods are useful for the preparation of reinforced composites with controlled interfacial properties. In one example, it is shown that asbestos fibrils surrounded by a rubbery layer can impart greater toughness to a reinforced composite, compared to a composite in which the rubbery phase is dispersed at random or isolated from the interface. The technique can be extended to other types of fillers. The various methods of chemically “opening” asbestos are summarized.
Preparation and Characterization of Cation-Substituted Na<sub>3</sub>SbS<sub>4</sub> Solid Electrolytes (2020)

To realize all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries, the ionic conductivities and stabilities of solid electrolytes must be improved. The sulfide Na3SbS4 electrolyte is known to show a high sodium-ion conductivity of over 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature. In this study, cation-substituted Na3SbS4 solid electrolytes with excess Na or Na vacancies were prepared, and the effects of substitution on the material conductivity were examined. The ionic conductivities of the Na3+xSb1–xMxS4 (M = Si, Ge, Sn) electrolytes, which were doped with excess Na, were lower than that of the Na3SbS4 electrolyte; in contrast, the conductivities of the Na3–xSb1–xMoxS4 electrolytes, which were doped with Na vacancies, were higher. The Na2.88Sb0.88Mo0.12S4 electrolyte showed the highest room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.9 × 10–3 S cm–1 and the lowest activation energy for conduction of 21 kJ mol–1. To improve the ionic conductivity of the Na3SbS4 electrolyte, introducing Na vacancies instead of excess Na was found to be effective.
Robust Boolean reasoning for equivalence checking and functional property verification (2002)

Many tasks in computer-aided design (CAD), such as equivalence checking, property checking, logic synthesis, and false paths analysis, require efficient Boolean reasoning for problems derived from circuits. Traditionally, canonical representations, e.g., binary decision diagrams (BDDs), or structural satisfiability (SAT) methods, are used to solve different problem instances. Each of these techniques offer specific strengths that make them efficient for particular problem structures. However, neither structural techniques based on SAT, nor functional methods using BDDs offer an overall robust reasoning mechanism that works reliably for a broad set of applications. The authors present a combination of techniques for Boolean reasoning based on BDDs, structural transformations, an SAT procedure, and random simulation natively working on a shared graph representation of the problem. The described intertwined integration of the four techniques results in a powerful summation of their orthogonal strengths. The presented reasoning technique was mainly developed for formal equivalence checking and property verification but can equally be used in other CAD applications. The authors' experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach for a broad set of applications.
Speeding Up Effect-Cause Defect Diagnosis Using a Small Dictionary (2007)

In this paper we present a new technique to speed up the effect-cause defect diagnosis by using a dictionary of very small size. In the proposed method, a dictionary of small size is used to reduce the number of events (gate evaluations) during the simulation of failing patterns and also a procedure to select a subset of passing patterns for simulation. Although the dictionary size is smaller, experimental results show speed up of effect-cause diagnosis by up to 156times. Experimental results from industrial designs validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Approximate Splitting for Ensembles of Trees using Histograms (2002)

1 Introduction Ensembles of classifiers have become an active topic of research in the data mining community. They not only provide a simple way of improving the accuracy of the classifier [3, 16, 24, 2], but also have the potential for on-line classification of large databases that do not fit into memory [4]. In addition, some approaches to the generation of ensembles can be easily parallelized, enabling a reduction in the time taken to create the classifier on a multiprocessor system [17]. There are several different ways in which ensembles can be generated and the resulting output combined to classify new instances. Implicit in many of these ensembles is the concept of randomness that is introduced either through the randomization of the training set, or the randomization of the classifier itself.
Palladium–Rhenium Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural: Evidence for an Optimum Surface Composition (2016)

Bimetallic catalysts comprising a platinum-group metal (e.g., Pt, Pd, Ru) and rhenium (Re) have important applications in petroleum refining, industrial chemicals production, and biomass conversion. In this work, a series of PdRe/Al2O3 catalysts was investigated for selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FAL) at 150 °C and 1 atm in a differential reactor. The results demonstrate that PdRe/Al2O3 catalysts have greater FAL selectivity and activity than Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. Over the bimetallic catalysts, decreased furan production is accompanied by a marked increase in hydrogenation activity. PdRe 1:1 catalysts prepared using [Pd(NH3)4](NO3)2 are significantly more active than catalysts prepared using Pd(NO3)2. PdRe 1:2 catalysts are more selective to FAL but less active than 1:1 catalysts prepared using the same precursors. The superior activity of PdRe/Al2O3 catalysts for selective hydrogenation of furfural is inferred to result from Re surface modification of Pd nanoparticles—disrupting Pd ensembles and creating new highly active Pd–Re sites. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) indicates an enhanced linear to bridging ratio for CO chemisorbed on surface Pd atoms, supporting this hypothesis. The H/CO chemisorption ratio at 35 °C varies inversely with Re surface coverage and correlates with furfural turnover frequency (TOF) and FAL selectivity. Thus, the observed TOF maximum at H/CO ≈ 0.25 suggests an optimum surface composition of approximately 75% Re and 25% Pd. High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis shows intimate contact of Re clusters with Pd nanoparticles in the most active catalysts.
Incorporating timeliness in atomic write of shared data for distributed embedded systems (2004)

In a distributed embedded system, data items may be moved from one set of functional modules to another through a common buffer that is interposed between them over a network. Here, the computation modules disseminating data should agree on what data items are written into the remote buffer, to coordinate their actions on the external environment. Furthermore, a timely effect of these actions requires enforcing deadlines on the processing of data from the remote buffer. To meet these requirements, we need a programming structure that enables a consistent view of the processing on data in the buffer by various computation modules over prescribed time intervals. Our structure allows an explicit application-level control of the asynchrony and timing of information flow between various modules. Its use is illustrated with a case study of a battlefield 'data fusion' application.
Blood Biomarkers to Differentiate Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes (2021)

This study provides Class I evidence that a biomarker panel including RBP-4, NT-proBNP, and GFAP distinguishes IS from ICH with moderate accuracy.
Gasification of a highly caking coal in the GEGAS pressurized gas producer (1977)

The ability of the stirred, fixed bed gasifier to produce a continuous flow of a rich gas in a reliable fashion with a higly caking coal at pressure was affirmed in these preliminary GEGAS-D trials. Moreover, the operating characteristics of the gasifier seem well-suited for combined-cycle powerplant applications. Instantaneous demands for gas can be met initially by only increasing flows of air and steam to the reactor. The accompanying necessary increase in coal flow can be deferred for several minutes because of the large carbon inventory in the system. The ability to abort operation, bank for long periods of time, and even bottle up hot for hours without reignition on restart has been achieved without either bed ''dumping'' phenomena or specialized solids handling procedures. This is very attractive for load-following operations in power plants. The fact that high coal-to-gas conversion is obtained in a single process step is viewed as an additional advantage. It is concluded from these preliminary trials that crushed, run-of-mine, highly caking Pittsburgh No. 8 coal can be gasified successfully in a fixed-bed gasifier with periodic deep-bed agitation. This verifies and extends results obtained on the Morgantown Energy Research Center gasifier with continuous deep-bed agitation. Results from more » both experiments confirm that this difficult coal can be gasified with a low steam consumption with steam-to-air mass ratios near or less than 0.2 in the reactor blast at pressures between 6 and 20 atmospheres. « less
2D silicon/ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators (1995)

We have developed a spatial light modulator technology based on foundry silicon fabrication processes. This technology employs a thin, ferroelectric liquid crystal light-modulating layer at the substrate's surface, producing electrically addressed display devices with resolutions up to 256/spl times/256 and frame rates up to 10 kHz. We have also fabricated optically addressed smart-pixel arrays for low-level image processing. Performance has advanced rapidly due to design innovations and effective use of modern process features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MPDG - mobile profile based distributed grouping (2004)

We present a new kind of mobile ad hoc application, which we call mobile profile based distributed grouping (MPDG), which is a combination of mobile clustering and data clustering. In MPDG each mobile host is endowed with a user profile and while the users move around, hosts with similar profiles are to be found and a robust mobile group is formed. The members of a group are able to cooperate or attain a goal together. Here MPDG is defined and it is compared with related approaches. Furthermore, a modular architecture and algorithms are presented to build arbitrary MPDG applications.
Recombination Kinetics and Effects of Superacid Treatment in Sulfur- and Selenium-Based Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (2016)

Optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown tremendous promise over the past few years; however, there are still numerous challenges that need to be overcome to enable their application in devices. These include improving their poor photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) as well as better understanding of exciton-based recombination kinetics. Recently, we developed a chemical treatment technique using an organic superacid, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI), which was shown to improve the quantum yield in MoS2 from less than 1% to over 95%. Here, we perform detailed steady-state and transient optical characterization on some of the most heavily studied direct bandgap 2D materials, specifically WS2, MoS2, WSe2, and MoSe2, over a large pump dynamic range to study the recombination mechanisms present in these materials. We then explore the effects of TFSI treatment on the PL QY and recombination kinetics for each case. Our results suggest that sulfur-based 2D materials are amenable to repair/passivation by TFSI, while the mechanism is thus far ineffective on selenium based systems. We also show that biexcitonic recombination is the dominant nonradiative pathway in these materials and that the kinetics for TFSI treated MoS2 and WS2 can be described using a simple two parameter model.
Model Adaptation For Spoken Language Understanding (2006)

We present a novel adaptation method for intent classification using boosting in a spoken language understanding system. The goal is adapting an existing model to a new target application, which is similar, but may have different intents or intent distributions. Adaptation can also be employed for a single application where the intent distribution varies with time. We assume the target application has a small amount of labeled data. We also propose employing active learning to sample selectively the data to label for adaptation. Our results indicate that we can achieve the same intent classification accuracy using less than half of the labeled data when there is not much training data available. Furthermore, combined with active learning, we see 18.6% relative reduction in classification error rate.
3D human airway segmentation from high hesolution MR imaging (2019)

In this article we present a method to extract the human airway tree from MR image. The assesment of morphometric data of bronchi is useful to estimate many diseases severity. Nowadays, the measurements are realized on CT scan which expose the patient to ionizing radiation. MRI radiation-free technique has never been used so far to extract the human bronchi because of insufficient signal and contrast. We propose in this article a processing chain to perform the 3D segmentation of the human airway tree from MR image. From this segmentation we can extract quantitative measurements on the airway, similarly to CT scan segmented airway trees. Finally we will present the results of a clinical study to prove those measurements are relevant. Replacing CT scan by MRI to assess airway diseases is mandatory for many applications (young people imaging, repeated measurements to follow-up a response to a treatment, ...) for which ionizing acquisition should be avoided. Thus, the results presented in this article open many perspectives related to lung diseases study.
Improved Synthesis of Oligomeric Sulfone‐Based Phthalonitriles (2015)

An improved method has been developed to produce an oligomeric sulfonyl‐containing phthalo­nitrile with better processability. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer is prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4‐(chlorophenyl)sulfone in the presence of a mixed base system (NaOH/K 2 CO 3 ) in a dimethylsulfoxide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end‐capping with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile in a two‐step, one‐pot reaction. This phthalonitrile resin exhibits lower viscosities than previously reported systems for molding into various shapes. After being thermally cured to yield crosslinked polymers, this sulfonyl‐based polymer demonstrates superb mechanical properties and thermo‐oxidative stability, absorbs less than 1.0 weight percent water, and maintains good dielectric properties. image
Two-dimensional transforms for device color calibration (2003)

Color device calibration is traditionally performed using one-dimensional per-channel tone-response corrections (TRCs). While one-dimensional TRCs are attractive in view of their low implementation complexity and efficient real-time processing of color images, their use severely restricts the degree of control that can be exercised along various device axes. A typical example is that 1-D TRCs in a printer can be used to either ensure gray balance along the C = M = Y axis or to provide a linear response in ΔE units along each of the individual (C, M and Y) axis but not both. This paper proposes a novel two-dimensional calibration architecture for color device calibration that enables significantly more control over the device color gamut with a modest increase in implementation cost. Results show significant improvement in calibration accuracy and stability when compared to traditional 1-D calibration.
Eculizumab Treatment Improves Survival in Patients with High-Risk Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT)-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) (2015)

TMA with high-risk features at diagnosis, including terminal complement activation measured by elevated sC5b-9 and proteinuria, is associated with very high mortality as <20% of such untreated patients survive at 1 year after HSCT (Jodele et al, Blood 2014). In a therapeutic pilot study, we observed TMA resolution in 4 of 6 patients with high-risk TMA who achieved complement blockade using eculizumab, with dosing guided pharmacodynamically by measurement of total hemolytic complement activity (CH50) (Jodele et al, BBMT 2014). We now present an expanded patient cohort treated with eculizumab. 18 patients with high-risk TMA were treated using a dosing schedule adjusted to maintain a suppressed CH50 which correlated with a therapeutic eculizumab level of >99μg/mL. Response was defined as resolution of hematologic TMA parameters, normalization of sC5b-9, and a 50% increase in the cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (CystC GFR). Data were compared to historical controls from our prospective observational study with the same high-risk TMA features who did not receive eculizumab (n=11). In both cohorts, high-risk TMA was diagnosed prospectively using uniform clinical and laboratory criteria. 12 of 18 (67%) patients treated with eculizumab achieved resolution of TMA. Median number of eculizumab doses given for therapy were 16 (range 4-38). All patients required frequent drug dosing 2-3 times per week for at least the first 2 weeks to achieve and maintain therapeutic eculizumab levels. Patients with sC5b-9 levels >488ng/mL at diagnosis (normal <244ng/mL) required 11-13 days of therapy to normalize sC5b-9 and to achieve terminal complement blockade before clinical response could be observed, while patients with sC5b-9 level ≤488 required 2-5 days to block complement. All responders were able to discontinue therapy without TMA relapse with median follow up time of 37 weeks (range 8-128 weeks). One responder died from GVHD three months after resolution of TMA. Six patients (33%) who did not respond to therapy died with active TMA after receiving median of 4 doses (range 2-24) of eculizumab. We did not observe any infections or toxicities attributed to eculizumab. Overall survival was significantly better in the group treated with eculizumab as compared to untreated historical controls with high risk TMA (p=0.002, Figure). Terminal complement blockade by eculizumab improves survival in patients with high risk TMA who otherwise have a very poor outcome. Pharmacodynamic monitoring is needed to optimize drug dosing to achieve prompt complement blockade and clinical response. Therapy can be safely discontinued after TMA is controlled.
Risk Alleles for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Large Case-Control Collection and Associations with Clinical Subphenotypes (2011)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a genetically complex disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Recent studies have greatly expanded the number of established SLE risk alleles, but the distribution of multiple risk alleles in cases versus controls and their relationship to subphenotypes have not been studied. We studied 22 SLE susceptibility polymorphisms with previous genome-wide evidence of association (p < 5 x 10⁻¹²⁸) in 1919 SLE cases from 9 independent Caucasian SLE case series and 4813 independent controls. The mean number of risk alleles in cases was 15.1 (SD 3.1) while the mean in controls was 13.1 (SD 2.8), with trend p = 4 x 10⁻⁸. We defined a genetic risk score (GRS) for SLE as the number of risk alleles with each weighted by the SLE risk odds ratio (OR). The OR for high-low GRS tertiles, adjusted for intra-European ancestry, sex, and parent study, was 4.4 (95% CI 3.8-5.1). We studied associations of individual SNPs and the GRS with clinical manifestations for the cases: age at diagnosis, the 11 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, and double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA) production. Six subphenotypes were significantly associated with the GRS, most notably anti-dsDNA (OR(high-low) = 2.36, p = 9e-9), the immunologic criterion (OR(high-low) = 2.23, p = 3e-7), and age at diagnosis (OR(high-low) = 1.45, p = 0.0060). Finally, we developed a subphenotype-specific GRS (sub-GRS) for each phenotype with more power to detect cumulative genetic associations. The sub-GRS was more strongly associated than any single SNP effect for 5 subphenotypes (the above plus hematologic disorder and oral ulcers), while single loci are more significantly associated with renal disease (HLA-DRB1, OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.64) and arthritis (ITGAM, OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.88). We did not observe significant associations for other subphenotypes, for individual loci or the sub-GRS. Thus our analysis categorizes SLE subphenotypes into three groups: those having cumulative, single, and no known genetic association with respect to the currently established SLE risk loci.
The split-cavity oscillator: a high-power E-beam modulator and microwave source (1992)

A compact device, called a split-cavity oscillator, whose self-excited oscillating electromagnetic field converts a large-area steady electron beam into one that is highly density modulated, is described. It does this in a short beam travel length, easing both space-charge and pinching limitations. Thus, high currents are possible without requiring a magnetic guide field. Methods for converting the modulated output beam into high-power microwaves are discussed, as are ways to phase-lock several oscillators together. Analytic theory, numerical simulations, and experiments describing the device are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sampling strategy and model to measure and compensate overlay errors (2001)

Overlay is one of the key designed rules for producing VLSI devices. In order to have a better resolution and alignment accuracy in lithography process, it is important to model the overlay errors and then to compensate them into tolerances. This study aimed to develop a new model that bridges the gap between the existing theoretical models and the data obtained in real settings and to discuss the overlay sampling strategies with empirical data in a wafer fab. In addition, we used simulation to examine the relations between the various factors and the caused overlay errors. This paper concluded with discussions on further research.