gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallelism-Aware Batch Scheduling (2008)

In a chip-multiprocessor (CMP) system, the DRAM system isshared among cores. In a shared DRAM system, requests from athread can not only delay requests from other threads by causingbank/bus/row-buffer conflicts but they can also destroy other threads’DRAM-bank-level parallelism. Requests whose latencies would otherwisehave been overlapped could effectively become serialized. As aresult both fairness and system throughput degrade, and some threadscan starve for long time periods.This paper proposes a fundamentally new approach to designinga shared DRAM controller that provides quality of service to threads,while also improving system throughput. Our parallelism-aware batchscheduler (PAR-BS) design is based on two key ideas. First, PARBSprocesses DRAM requests in batches to provide fairness and toavoid starvation of requests. Second, to optimize system throughput,PAR-BS employs a parallelism-aware DRAM scheduling policythat aims to process requests from a thread in parallel in the DRAMbanks, thereby reducing the memory-related stall-time experienced bythe thread. PAR-BS seamlessly incorporates support for system-levelthread priorities and can provide different service levels, includingpurely opportunistic service, to threads with different priorities.We evaluate the design trade-offs involved in PAR-BS and compareit to four previously proposed DRAM scheduler designs on 4-, 8-, and16-core systems. Our evaluations show that, averaged over 100 4-coreworkloads, PAR-BS improves fairness by 1.11X and system throughputby 8.3% compared to the best previous scheduling technique, Stall-Time Fair Memory (STFM) scheduling. Based on simple request prioritizationrules, PAR-BS is also simpler to implement than STFM.
Zinc and Cadmium Uptake by Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens Grown in Nutrient Solution (1995)

Abstract Phytoremediation of heavy‐metal‐contaminated soils can be an inexpensive means to remove hazardous metals from soil. Two metallophytes, Thlaspi caerulescents (J. & C. Presl, a Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator) from Prayon, Belgium, and a Zn‐tolerant ecotype of bladder campion [ Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke L.] from Palmerton, PA, were compared with tomato [ Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten, metal intolerant] in nutrient solution to characterize Zn and Cd uptake and tolerance. Zinc and Cd were added to solutions at a 50:1 molar ratio to simulate concentrations often found on contaminated sites. Seven treatment concentrations were used, ranging (in half‐log increments) from 3.16 µ M Zn + 0.063 µ M Cd to 10000 µ M Zn + 200 µ M Cd. Thlaspi caerulescens showed much greater tolerance to Zn/Cd treatments than the other species, with toxicity stress only apparent at the 10000 µ M Zn/200 µ M Cd treatment. In this treatment, shoot concentrations of Zn and Cd were 33600 and 1140 mg kg −1 , respectively. Thlaspi caerulescens was also more effective at translocating both Zn and Cd from solution to shoots. Zinc concentration in shoots of T. caerulescens was higher than the other species at all Zn/Cd treatments. Cadmium concentration in shoots of T. caerulescens were significantly higher than in bladder campion only at the 316 µ M Zn/6.32 µ M Cd treatment. This genotype of T. caerulescens may not hyperaccumulate Cd. However, extreme Zn and Cd uptake and tolerance is evident in T. caerulescens , with >25000 mg Zn kg −1 and 1000 mg Cd kg −1 before yield is reduced. Results suggest that T. caerulescens may be a candidate for the phytoremediation of Zncontaminated soils.
Offset Suppression in a Micromachined Lorentz Force Magnetic Sensor by Current Chopping (2014)

We present a method to reduce offset in micromachined Lorentz force magnetic sensors by chopping the Lorentz force bias current. By switching the polarity of this current, the sensitivity of the magnetic sensor alternates its sign, whereas the offset remains the same. A residual offset of 31 μT is obtained from the initial offset of 25 mT. The proposed method significantly reduces the long-term drift of the magnetic sensor at the same time. A 9-h measurement shows the maximum drift error is reduced from ±500 μT to ±1 μT. Allan deviation measurements demonstrate that the longterm drift is reduced by a factor of 120. With 0.9 mA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> bias current the white noise is 400 nT/rt-Hz, limited by the thermal-mechanical noise.
Enhanced Electroluminescence Efficiency in Metal Halide Nanocluster Based Light Emitting Diodes through Apical Halide Exchange (2018)

Metal halide nanoclusters represent an attractive class of molecular building blocks for the design of functional materials with superior optical properties that can be utilized in a range of applications. Here, we demonstrate red and near-infrared light emitting diodes with a maximum external quantum efficiency >1%, utilizing phosphorescent octahedral molybdenum iodide nanoclusters. Efficiency improvement in these devices is realized by substituting heavier ligands in the apical nanocluster position that lead to the improvement in photoluminescence and exciton formation efficiencies in the nanoclusters. These results highlight how modulation of nanocluster salts with key terminal ligands has a profound effect on photoluminescence as well as electrical injection.
Poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) block and chain-extended copolymers. 2. Preparation and characterization of chain-extended PAEK copolymers and poly(ether ketone ketone)/poly(ether ether ketone) block copolymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) block and chain-extended copolymers. 2. Preparation and characterization of chain-extended PAEK copolymers and poly(ether ketone ketone)/poly(ether ether ketone) block copolymersJ. E. Harris, P. A. Winslow, J. H. Botkin, L. M. Maresca, R. A. Clendinning, R. J. Cotter, M. Matzner, and G. T. KwiatkowskiCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 9, 2366–2371Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00061a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
8-Polycycloalkyl-1,3-dipropylxanthines as potent and selective antagonists for A1-adenosine receptors (1992)

With the aim of characterizing the hydrophobic interactions between xanthines and the A1 receptor site, 1,3-dipropyl-8-substituted xanthines were synthesized. Introduction of a quaternary carbon and the conformationally restricted cyclopentyl moiety into the 8-position of xanthines enhanced the adenosine A1 antagonism. 1,3-Dipropyl-8-(3-noradamantyl)xanthine was identified to be a selective and the most potent A1 receptor antagonist reported to date. Under our structure-activity relationship, the 8-substituent of xanthine antagonists and the N6-substituent of adenosine agonists appears to bind to the same region of the A1 receptor.
Target detection in heterogeneous airborne radar interference using 3D STAP (2004)

Heterogeneous interference is common-place in the airborne radar problem. Space-time adaptive processing fundamentals have struggled in the presence of such data. Originally, the solution involved simply increasing secondary data support, essentially "drowning" out heterogeneous interference effects. Research then progressed into identifying specific range cells containing heterogeneous interference and excising these cells from interference estimates. Yet, the target detection problem within heterogeneous interference remained. Therefore, research efforts abandoned statistical techniques and shifted towards deterministic methods with some success. Finally, the advent of a two-dimensional hybrid approach combined the diverse statistical and deterministic techniques into a single framework. This research effort continues in this vein by expanding the method into three-dimensions: azimuth, Doppler, and elevation. A 23 dB improvement over the three-dimensional joint domain localized method (3D-JDL) is shown for a specific heterogeneous interference case.
Spectroscopic Detection of Cervical Pre-Cancer through Radial Basis Function Networks (1996)

The mortality related to cervical cancer can be substantially re-duced through early detection and treatment. However, cur-rent detection techniques, such as Pap smear and colposcopy, fail to achieve a concurrently high sensitivity and specificity. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy is a technique which quickly, non-invasively and quantitatively probes the biochemical and morpho-logical changes that occur in pre-cancerous tissue. RBF ensemble algorithms based on such spectra provide automated, and near real-time implementation of pre-cancer detection in the hands of non-experts. The results are more reliable, direct and accurate than those achieved by either human experts or multivariate statistical algorithms. 1
Induction of Protective Immunity to Cryptococcal Infection in Mice by a Heat-Killed, Chitosan-Deficient Strain of Cryptococcus neoformans (2016)

The most commonly used anticryptococcal therapies include amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and fluconazole alone or in combination. Major drawbacks of these treatment options are their limited efficacy, poor availability in limited resource areas, and potential toxicity. The development of antifungal vaccines and immune-based therapeutic interventions is promising and an attractive alternative to chemotherapeutics. Currently, there are no fungal vaccines in clinical use. This is the first report of a C. neoformans deletion strain with an avirulent phenotype in mice exhibiting protective immunity when used as a vaccine after heat inactivation, although other strains that overexpress fungal or murine proteins have recently been shown to induce a protective response. The data presented here demonstrate the potential for developing the avirulent cda1Δ2Δ3Δ strain into a vaccine-based therapy to treat C. neoformans infection.
Nanometer-scale imaging of microvilli in opossum kidney cells by the modulation tracking method (2011)

We developed an optical imaging method based on a feedback principle in which the specific scan pattern is adapted according to the shape of the sample.The feedback approach produces nanometer resolved 3D images of very small and moving features in live cells in seconds.We show images of microvilli in live cultured opossum kidney cells expressing NaPi co transporter proteins with different GFP constructs and images of cell protrusions in a collagen matrix with a resolution of about 20 nm.We found that in the microvilli the NaPi proteins can be found clustered.Along cell protrusions in 3D we identified cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix.Our approach to super resolution and to 3D nanoimaging is different than other proposed methods that break the diffraction limit using non linear effects or are based on single molecule localization.
Composition of matter for conversion of C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ hydrocarbons (1987)

A composition of matter is described selected from the group consisting of: (a composition consisting essentially of: about 0.1 weight-% to about 30 weight-% of each of (1) at least one oxide selected from of silicon, aluminum and titanium and (2) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance being (3) at least one oxide of magnesium; (b) a composition consisting essentially of: about 0.1 weight-% to about 30 weight-% of each of (1) at least one oxide selected from silicon, aluminum and titanium, (2) at least one oxide of selected from calcium, strontium, barium, tin and antimony and (3) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance being (4) at least one oxide of manganesium; (c) a composition consisting essentially of: about 0.1 weight-% to about 30 weight-% of each of (1) at least one oxide from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum and titanium and (2) at least one oxide of iron and the balance being (3) at least one oxide of manganese; and (d) a composition consisting essentially of: about 0.1 weight-% to about 30 weight-% of each of (1) at least one oxide elected from silicon, aluminum and titanium, (2) at least one oxidemore » of iron and (3) at least one oxide of manganese and the balance being (4) at least one oxide of magnesium.« less
Electrochemical Water Oxidation by a Catalyst‐Modified Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film (2017)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Dr. Amanda Morris at Virginia Tech and their collaborators at Purdue University in the laboratory of Dr. Yulia Pushkar. The cover image shows a mononuclear, Ru‐catalyst‐modified metal–organic framework (MOF) that oxidizes water electrochemically. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601181 .
Quenching-Resistant Multiple Micro-Flame Photometric Detector for Gas Chromatography (2009)

A multiple flame photometric detector (mFPD) based on many flames operated in series is introduced for the detection of sulfur and phosphorus compounds. The method employs attributes of a previously developed micro counter-current flame technique to readily establish any number of very small compact flames inside a narrow quartz tube. Results show for the first time that a five flame mFPD mode can improve hydrocarbon quenching resistance nearly 20-fold relative to a single flame (i.e., conventional FPD) mode, and nearly 10-fold relative to a two flame (i.e., dual FPD) mode. Under these conditions, the five flame mFPD mode is shown to maintain about 60% of its original analyte chemiluminescence even in the presence of over 100 mL/min of methane flow into the detector. In contrast to a conventional dual FPD device, the five flame mFPD mode also provides analyte sensitivity that is similar to a conventional FPD. Of note, the mFPD yields minimum detectable limits for sulfur and phosphorus of 4 x 10(-11) g S/s and 3 x 10(-12) g P/s respectively. Analyte selectivity over hydrocarbons, signal reproducibility, and response equimolarity are also improved in the mFPD, making it a potentially useful detector for applications in gas chromatography.
Characterization of sputtered amorphous platinum dioxide films (1998)

Amorphous platinum dioxide, a-PtO2, films are formed commonly during reactive sputtering of platinum at relatively high power density levels and high oxygen partial pressures. The structure of a-PtO2 is intermediate between the crystalline alpha and beta phases of this compound and either phase may form upon annealing or by lowering the power density during sputtering. Amorphous platinum dioxide is a semiconductor, and its resistivity depends on deposition parameters. Films of a-PtO2 are dense, chemically resistant, smooth, reflective, and have a hardness similar to titanium nitride. The films may be reduced in hydrogen at room temperature or in carbon monoxide at 200 °C to produce metallic platinum with crystallite sizes in the range of 5–10 nm. Any of these properties may be exploited to produce films that could be used in the development of sensors, optical materials, and in microelectronics.
The Development of CpG Island Methylation Biomarkers Using Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning (2003)

CpG island hypermethylation is a common occurrence in cancer. Because this is a stable molecular alteration of the DNA, which can be detected easily from very small amounts, DNA methylation is an attractive candidate to use as a molecular biomarker. Recent studies have used DNA methylation of genes known to be targets of genetic disruption in cancer as biomarkers for early detection of cancer, classification of malignancies, response to drug treatment, and as markers predictive of outcome. Since many of the currently used targets of methylation are methylated at rather low frequencies in various cancer types even though the gene may be frequently disrupted by other mechanisms, it would be useful to develop additional markers that are methylated at high frequency in the cancer being studied. Restriction landmark genomic scanning has been used for the identification of frequent targets of methylation in multiple malignancies. These markers, which can be either cancer type-specific or nonspecific, may prove to be effective biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic purposes, or for midpoint analysis of intervention strategies.
Synthesis of [1-.sup.13C]pyruvic acid], [2-.sup.13C]pyruvic acid], [3-.sup.13C]pyruvic acid] and combinations thereof (2009)

The present invention is directed to the labeled compounds, ##STR00001## wherein C* is each either .sup.13C and .sup.12C where at least one C* is .sup.13C, each hydrogen of the methylene group is hydrogen or deuterium, the methyl group includes either zero or three deuterium atoms, Q is sulfide, sulfinyl, or sulfone, Z is an aryl group such as 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, or a phenyl group ##STR00002## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently either hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a halogen, and an amino group such as NH.sub.2, NHR and NRR' where R and R' are each independently either a C.sub.1-C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, and an alkoxy group, and the methyl group can include either zero or three deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to the labeled compounds ##STR00003##
Using hardware transactional memory to correct and simplify and readers-writer lock algorithm (2013)

Designing correct synchronization algorithms is notoriously difficult, as evidenced by a bug we have identified that has apparently gone unnoticed in a well-known synchronization algorithm for nearly two decades. We use hardware transactional memory (HTM) to construct a corrected version of the algorithm. This version is significantly simpler than the original and furthermore improves on it by eliminating usage constraints and reducing space requirements. Performance of the HTM-based algorithm is competitive with the original in "normal" conditions, but it does suffer somewhat under heavy contention. We successfully apply some optimizations to help close this gap, but we also find that they are incompatible with known techniques for improving progress properties. We discuss ways in which future HTM implementations may address these issues. Finally, although our focus is on how effectively HTM can correct and simplify the algorithm, we also suggest bug fixes and workarounds that do not depend on HTM.
Estimation of the Optimal VV Delay by an IEGM‐Based Method in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2007)

Determination of the optimal interventricular (VV) delay in cardiac resynchronization therapy currently relies on costly, time-consuming echocardiographic (ECHO) methods. This study evaluated the performance of a new intracardiac electrogram (IEGM)-based VV method compared to the aortic velocity time integral (AVTI) method of VV delay optimization. The study included two patient groups. Eleven patients enrolled by a single center in the Rhythm II ICD trial underwent prospective comparisons of the AVTI at the VV interval determined by the IEGM VV method versus the maximum AVTI at the echocardiographically determined optimal VV delay. In 61 patients enrolled in the RHYTHM VV trial, the same testing methods were compared retrospectively. In the prospective study, the maximum AVTI by the ECHO-based method (24.3 +/- 7.9 cm), was closely correlated with maximum AVTI by the IEGM-based method (23.9 +/- 7.9 cm; concordance correlation coefficient = 0.99; 95% confidence, lower limit of 98%. Likewise, in the retrospective analysis, the ECHO-determined maximum AVTI (22.1 +/- 8.2 cm) was similar to that determined by the IEGM-based method (20.9 +/- 8.3 cm; concordance correlation coefficient = 0.98; 95% confidence, lower limit of 97%).
Role of a Novel Splice Variant of the Steroid Receptor Coactivator AIB1 in Breast Cancer (2002)

Abstract : In this proposal we have investigated the hypothesis that overexpression of a novel truncated version of AIBl (Delta3AIBl) that we have found to be overexpressed in breast cancer is important for tumor development by impacting upon nuclear hormone receptor function. We have examined the hypothesis that the novel AIBl variant has an altered function that changes its interaction with nuclear receptors such as the estrogen or progesterone receptor. We propose that changes in the level of expression of the novel AIBl variant will support tumor progression and may well have prognostic significance for breast cancer. We have now determined that Delta3AIBl is overexpressed relative to the full-length protein in breast cancer tumor samples and cell lines. We have also determined that Delta3AIBl is a significantly more active coactivator that full-length AIBl on the estrogen and progesterone receptor (J. Biol. Chem. 276, 39736-39741, 2001). Delta3AIBl also plays a role in tamoxifen resistance and its overexpression makes tamoxifen a much more potent estrogen (Oncogene 23, 403-409, 2004). In addition, a surprising finding is that overexpression of Delta3AIBl can also potentiate EGF signaling. This implies that Delta3AIB1 can also drive hormone and non-hormone mediated proliferation in breast cancer.
Phosphinic Pseudo-Tripeptides as Potent Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases:  A Structure−Activity Study (1999)

Several phosphinic pseudo-tripeptides of general formula R-XaaPsi(PO(2)-CH(2))Xaa'-Yaa'-NH(2) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activities to inhibit stromelysin-3, gelatinases A and B, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, collagenases 1 and 2, and matrilysin. With the exception of collagenase-1 and matrilysin, phosphinic pseudo-tripeptides behave as highly potent inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, provided they contain in P(1)' position an unusual long aryl-alkyl substituent. Study of structure-activity relationships regarding the influence of the R and Xaa' substituents in this series may contribute to the design of inhibitors able to block only a few members of the matrix metalloproteinase family.
Improved ion source (1982)

A magnetic filter for an ion source reduces the production of undesired ion species and improves the ion beam quality. High-energy ionizing electrons are confined by the magnetic filter to an ion source region, where the high-energy electrons ionize gas molecules. One embodiment of the magnetic filter uses permanent magnets oriented to establish a magnetic field transverse to the direction of travel of ions from the ion source region to the ion extraction region. In another embodiment, low energy 16 eV electrons are injected into the ion source to dissociate gas molecules and undesired ion species into desired ion species,