gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Residues and Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator Novaluron and Its Major Co-Formulant N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone on Honey Bee Reproduction and Development (2017)

Owing to the recent declines in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations, there is a need for field and laboratory studies to investigate threats to pollinator health. This study examines the hypothesis that the organophosphate alternative, Rimon 0.83EC, can have consequences to honey bee health by combining newly acquired field residue data, laboratory bioassays, and colony level feeding studies. Following label rate applications of Rimon 0.83EC to apple trees, average residue concentrations of the active ingredient, novaluron, were found to be 3.38 ppm in tree-collected pollen. Residues of the major co-formulant in Rimon 0.83EC, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), were below the limit of detection in the field, but a growth chamber study described here found that NMP can persist in pollen for up to 7 d with average concentrations of 69.3 ppm. Concurrent larval rearing studies found novaluron and NMP to be toxic to developing honey bees at doses as low as 100 ppb and 100 ppm, respectively. Nucleus colony feeding studies found that chronic exposure to Rimon 0.83EC at doses as low as 200 ppm (18.6 ppm novaluron) can result in interruptions to brood production that can last for up to 2 wk after exposure. Taken together, these data indicate the use of Rimon 0.83EC on blooming flowers is a significant threat to honey bee reproduction, and suggest the need for more strict and clear usage guidelines.
CD44-dependent lymphoma cell dissemination: a cell surface CD44 variant, rather than standard CD44, supports in vitro lymphoma cell rolling on hyaluronic acid substrate and its in vivo accumulation in the peripheral lymph nodes (2001)

Cell motility is an essential element of tumor dissemination, allowing organ infiltration by cancer cells. Using mouse LB lymphoma cells transfected with standard CD44 (CD44s) cDNA (LB-TRs cells) or with the alternatively spliced CD44 variant CD44v4-v10 (CD44v) cDNA (LB-TRv cells), we explored their CD44-dependent cell migration. LB-TRv cells, but not LB-TRs or parental LB cells, bound soluble hyaluronic acid (HA) and other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and exclusively formed, under physiological shear force, rolling attachments on HA substrate. Furthermore, LB-TRv cells, but not LB-TRs cells or their parental LB cells, displayed accelerated local tumor formation and enhanced accumulation in the peripheral lymph nodes after s.c. inoculation. The aggressive metastatic behavior of i.v.-injected LB-TRV cells, when compared with that of other LB-transfectants, is attributed to more efficient migration to the lymph nodes, rather than to local growth in the lymph node. Injection of anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody or of the enzyme hyaluronidase also prevented tumor growth in lymph nodes of BALB/c mice inoculated with LB-TRv cells. The enhanced in vitro rolling and enhanced in vivo local tumor growth and lymph node invasion disappeared in LB cells transfected with CD44v cDNA bearing a point mutation at the HA binding site, located at the distal end of the molecule constant region. These findings show that the interaction of cell surface CD44v with HA promotes cell migration both in vitro and in vivo, and they contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of cell trafficking, including tumor spread.
Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Deposit Analysis: Combustion Chamber and Intake Valve Deposits (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The delicate balance between global supply and demand for energy, in conjunction with environmental concerns related to burning fossil fuels, have resulted in vehicle designs that stress higher fuel economy. Among new engine designs is Direct Injection Spark Ignition, or DISI, which employs a more precise fuel metering system and is designed for combustion at higher compression ratios than Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines. As a result, the performance of DISI engines can easily be altered by the presence of carbonaceous deposits on intake valves and in the combustion chamber.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, the characteristics of these deposits have been investigated using elemental and thermal analytical techniques. Deposits from intake valves and combustion chambers have been collected from various DISI engines (both older and more modern ones). We have found that both fuel and engine lubricant contribute to the composition of deposits, and in particular: <ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">DISI intake valve deposit compositions consist of 10% (by weight) or higher non-carbon (inorganic) elements, of which Ca, Mo, Zn, P and S are dominant. The amount of these inorganic elements in the DISI engine intake valve deposit is at least one order of magnitude higher than in the PFI intake valve deposit.</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Thermal and elemental analysis data shows that significant differences exist in deposit volatility and its amount of inorganic components between combustion chamber deposits produced from Group III base oil (lower) and PAO (Poly-Alpha-Olefin) base oil (higher). No correlation was observed between lube oil sulfated ash value and elemental composition of deposits.</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Elemental composition of combustion chamber deposits is not significantly changed by the presence or absence of the fuel additives studied.</div></li><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The inorganic composition of DISI engine combustion chamber deposits show no significant differences when compared with PFI engine combustion chamber deposits.</div></li></ul></div></div>
La implicación Española en los ámbitos de comunicación internacional (2007)

espanolEn este ensayo se profundiza en el hecho que los proyectos de comunicacion internacionales con participacion espanola, ya sea financiera o logistica, tienen componentes de distinta naturaleza que no necesariamente entran dentro de un especifico campo de especializacion. La mejor manera de paliar estas deficiencias es formar un consorcio a medida de las caracteristicas del proyecto. La Union Europea recomendo el acceso de las empresas medianas tecnologicas espanolas a estos proyectos internacionales con el objetivo que los consorcios tengan un marcado componente transnacional. EnglishIn this work of revision it is deepened in the fact that the international projects of communication with Spanish participation, or is financier or logistic, they have components of different nature which not necessarily they enter inside of a specific field of specialization. The best way to palliate these deficiencies is to form a partnership in accordance with the characteristics of the project. The European Union recommended the access of the medium companies technological Spaniards to these international projects with the objective that the partnerships have a noticeable transnational component.
Defining Brain Mechanical Properties: Effects of Region, Direction, and Species (2000)

No regional or directional large-deformation constitutive data for brain exist in the current literature. To address this deficiency, the large strain (up to 50%) directional properties of gray and white matter were determined in the thalamus, corona radiata, and corpus callosum. The constitutive relationships of all regions and directions are well fit by an Ogden hyperelastic relationship, modified to include dissipation. The material parameter alpha, representing the non-linearity of the tissue, was not significantly sensitive to region, direction, or species. The average value of the material parameter mu, corresponding to the shear modulus of the tissue, was significantly different for each region, demonstrating that brain tissue is inhomogeneous. In each region, mu, obtained in 2 orthogonal directions, was compared. Consistent with local neuroarchitecture, gray matter showed the least amount of anisotropy and corpus callosum exhibited the greatest degree of anisotropy. Finally, human temporal lobe gray matter properties were determined and compared to porcine thalamic properties. The results show significant regional inhomogeneity at large strains and significant anisotropy in each region tested. The extent of regional anisotropy correlated with the degree of alignment in the local neuroarchitecture. These large strain, regional and directional data should enhance the biofidelity of computational models and provide important information regarding the mechanisms of traumatic brain injury.
Evaluation of systematic shifts of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>88</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>Sr<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>single-ion optical frequency standard at the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>17</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>level (2013)

An ion trap of the end-cap design was built recently at the National Research Council of Canada for improved control of the ${}^{88}$Sr${}^{+}$ single-ion optical frequency standard systematic shifts. The uncertainty on the micromotion-induced shifts is smaller by more than four orders of magnitude when compared to our previous trap system and reaches a fractional frequency uncertainty of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$. To obtain this low uncertainty level, the micromotion is minimized with trim electrodes and the trap is operated at a special frequency at which there is anticorrelation between the second-order Doppler and Stark shifts. This choice of operating frequency, determined by the differential scalar polarizability of the clock transition, yields a suppression by a factor of $\ensuremath{\approx}$28 in the combined micromotion shifts. Like many optical frequency standards, the dominant source of uncertainty in the new trap is the blackbody radiation shift. Its uncertainty has been reduced by an order of magnitude with a recent theoretical evaluation of the differential scalar polarizability of the clock transition. The fractional blackbody shift uncertainty, estimated using a model of the blackbody field at the ion, is $2.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$. The otherwise dominant electric quadrupole shift is reduced to below the $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ level with a cancellation method based on the average frequency of several pairs of Zeeman components. This method also cancels the tensor Stark shift and simplifies the description of the frequency shifts that are quantization-axis dependent. This paper provides a detailed description of the ${}^{88}$Sr${}^{+}$ optical frequency standard uncertainty evaluation and the methods used to make the standard robust against changes in the trap environment. The total fractional frequency uncertainty of the ${}^{88}$Sr${}^{+}$ ion for our current system is estimated at $2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$. We also discuss the uncertainty evaluation of a recently reported measurement of the ${}^{88}$Sr${}^{+}$ $S$-$D$ clock transition made over a 2-month period by comparison with a maser referenced to the SI second. The frequency measured is $444\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}779\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}044\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}095\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}485.5(9)$ Hz, with an uncertainty limited by the evaluation of the maser frequency.
The Success of Steerable Ream While Drilling Technology Applied in Valhall Field-Norway (1999)

Abstract As part of a major oil company's objective to save rig time as well as reduce open-hole exposure time in the Valhall overburden, steerable ream while drilling technology was utilized in their deviated and horizontal wells to eliminate under-reaming thus reducing drilling costs. The well paths require good directional control with holding capability while drilling long tangent sections. Since a single assembly is designed, the rotary steerable assembly must be capable of programmable dog leg generation when changing inclination and direction or geosteering in the horizontal section. This paper describes the application of steerable ream while drilling in different hole sections on several wells. Case studies will be presented from wells drilled from the Valhall platform by a jack up rig cantilevered over the wellhead platform. The authors will outline the reasons for utilizing SRWD's and the operational achievements of the system while drilling well F-8, particularly in the two largest hole sections where the tool saved 10-12 days of rig time. The problems observed while drilling directional and horizontal well paths with steerable motor assemblies will be presented in addition to the modifications implemented as solutions. These improvements should make it possible to further improve ROP and steering abilities on future wells. Additionally, the authors will discuss the improvements achieved by applying new cutter technology and design changes for stabilization of the pilot bit.
Mechanisms for haptic feedback (2002)

This article describes work in progress at the Canadian Space Agency on the design and implementation of haptic devices. Haptic devices are a special class of robotic mechanisms for which structural transparency is a foremost design criterion. Also notable is the fact that often, three or four degrees of freedom, rather than six as in general robotic tasks, are sufficient for many haptic applications. Furthermore, in order to make these devices readily available to many users, it is necessary their kinematic models be sufficiently simple such that they can be controlled by inexpensive means. Various three and four-DOF mechanisms, some of which recently developed by the Canadian Space Agency, are discussed herein in terms of their suitability for haptic applications. For five or six-DOF applications, the concept of the virtual handle is introduced, reducing the problems and complexity usually associated with mechanisms with a high number of degrees of freedom.
ALA-PpIX mediated photodynamic therapy of malignant gliomas augmented by hypothermia (2017)

The benefits of hypothermia on both normal neuronal tissue as well as increased PpIX fluorescence and RG2 induced rat survival strongly suggest a role for hypothermia in photonics-based surgical techniques, and that a hypothermic intervention could lead to considerable patient outcome improvements.
Review on practical photoacoustic microscopy (2019)

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has many interesting advantages, such as deep imaging depth, high image resolution, and high contrast to intrinsic and extrinsic chromophores, enabling morphological, functional, and molecular imaging of living subjects. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is one form of the PAI inheriting its characteristics and is useful in both preclinical and clinical research. Over the years, PAM systems have been evolved in several forms and each form has its relative advantages and disadvantages. Thus, to maximize the benefits of PAM for a specific application, it is important to configure the PAM system optimally by targeting a specific application. In this review, we provide practical methods for implementing a PAM system to improve the resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and imaging speed. In addition, we review the preclinical and the clinical applications of PAM and discuss the current challenges and the scope for future developments.
59. rAAV-Mediated Nigral Parkin Over-Expression Is Neuroprotective in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although the underlying cause of the idiopathic form of the disease has yet to be found, several genes have been found that cause familial forms of PD. One such gene is parkin which has been identified as an ubiquitin E3 ligase which is involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of certain proteins. Mutations in this gene leads to an early onset form of PD called Autosomal Recessive Juvenile Parkinsonism (ARJP). Given the role of parkin in protein clearance, and the presence of Lewy Bodies in the disease, it is possible that protein aggregation is a neurotoxic event in idiopathic PD, and as such, over-expression of parkin may be neuroprotective in animal models of PD by enhancing the degradation of damaged or misfolded proteins. This was tested by doing intranigral injections of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing either a human form of parkin or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as control for viral transduction. 4 weeks following the viral injections all animals received a 4 site intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) resulting in a near complete depletion of striatal and nigral dopamine. Behavioral evaluation following the lesion indicates that parkin confers partial protection of the nigrostriatal tract. Amphetaine-induced rotational behavior was significantly reduced in the treatment group (|[minus]|67% as compared to controls). Testing for spontaneous limb-use in the cylinder testing paradigm also showed a slight, but significant improvement, where parkin treated animals used their affected limb approximately 20% of the time versus 10% for the control group. These data indicate that specific nigral over-expression of human parkin is partially neuroprotective at the functional level against a strong toxic stimulus, intrastriatal 6-OHDA. Additionally, the data suggest that enhanced ubiquitin-mediated clearance of damaged proteins is protective against a non-specific insult in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons.
Hotel Room Attendant Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Retention in San Francisco, California in the U.S. (2016)

Although a housekeeping department is producing the main product of a hotel, the housekeeping department is unseen by guests and other hotel employees. Compared to other research areas related to the hospitality and tourism industry, research on housekeeping staff and the department is extremely overlooked. This research will examine what motivational factors are effective in increasing the level of job satisfaction and reducing the turnover rate of housekeeping staff who are currently working in full-service hotels in San Francisco, California. Also, the differences in effective motivational factors that affect job satisfaction and turnover between 1) majority groups and minority groups and 2) managers and entry-level positions in the housekeeping department will be examined.
Extracting human players&#x2019; Shogi game strategies from game records using growing SOM (2008)

Shogi game is similar to Chess and very popular in Japan. Computer Shogi programs are still in developing to defeat the professional human players. One of the main problems exists in estimating the circumstances of the game phases. It is said that there are three phases in the Shogi game, so called, opening, middle and endgame phase. The appropriate strategy to be selected differs depending on the proceeding phase. The professional human players classify states of the game phases properly. In this paper, we have carried out some experiments to extract human players’ strategies on shogi game from game records using growing SOM. The results show the promising feature of the proposed method.
Observation of Spin Injection at a Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Interface (1999)

Spin injection at a ferromagnet-semiconductor interface is observed by projecting the spin-polarized current in the ferromagnet onto the spin-split density of states of a high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). For a given polarization of carriers in the 2DEG, reversing the magnetization orientation of the ferromagnet modulates the interface resistance. Equivalently, reversing the polarization of the 2DEG carriers by reversing the bias polarity gives the same resistance modulation. Interface resistance changes of order 1% at room temperature indicate interfacial current polarizations of order 20%.
Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Lymphotactin and Interleukin 2 or Lymphotactin and Interleukin 12 Synergize to Facilitate Tumor Regression in Murine Breast Cancer Models (1999)

We have previously demonstrated that intratumoral injection with Ad vectors expressing IL-2 or IL-12 can induce regression in a murine breast cancer model. These IL-2- or IL-12-induced antitumor responses were mainly mediated by Ag-specific T cells. Lymphotactin is a novel lymphocyte chemokine that can cause local accumulation of CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells. We hypothesized that addition of lymphotactin may enhance the antitumor immune responses induced by locally produced IL-2 and IL-12 as we have previously shown. To this end we constructed two double-recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing lymphotactin along with either IL-2 (Ad5 Lym/IL-2) or IL-12 (Ad5 Lym/IL-12). Subcutaneous injection of polyoma middle T (PyMT) or Neu (8142) transgenically derived breast adenocarcinoma cells, in the hind flank of FVB/n mice, results in the formation of tumor nodules in 14-21 days. We show that these constructs elicit potent antitumor responses when administered intratumorally. The antitumor responses are long lasting as determined by rechallenge experiments and hence demonstrate a protective immunity. These observations indicate that by augmenting the antitumor response with adenoviral vectors expressing lymphotactin in combination with IL-2 or IL-12 is a novel way to enhance immunotherapeutic approaches.
A FMCW-Based Cross Layer RF Distance Bounding Scheme (2016)

We present a physical layer solution to RF distance bounding, which reduces the prover's processing delay virtually to zero by employing the concepts of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and secondary radars, and equipping it with the capability of cryptographic communication over unintelligent radar signals. To realize, we encode the verifier's challenges in waveform slope of signals while the prover communicates its cryptographic replies in shape of backscatter modulation. For resilience to multipath, the prover introduces analog frequency modulation using the principle of secondary radar. Our protocol is based on pre-commitment distance bounding scheme. Our paper primarily focuses on design intricacies of a realizable system while we briefly present the simulation results. We critically analyze the security of our protocol against attacks most concerned in distance bounding and thoroughly investigate its robustness under noise and multipath environments. A shortcoming of our design is low range resolution at lower spectral bandwidths, which can be foretoken as system tolerance. We foresee our endeavor to present a viable zero-delay RF distance bounding scheme while minimizing the hardware, energy, and computational overhead for passive and semipassive tokens.
Performance of the ARX-derived Auditory Evoked Potential Index as an Indicator of Anesthetic Depth (2002)

Bispectral Index, AAI, and predicted propofol effect-site concentration revealed information on the level of sedation and loss of consciousness but did not predict response to noxious stimulus.