gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Community Detection with Local Metric Learning (2020)

Community detection in attributed networks has gained growing attention in recent years due to the booming of network data with both topological structure and attributes of nodes. To date, numerous algorithms have been proposed to leverage both kinds of information to yield high-quality communities based on homophily assumption (i.e., nodes are likely to link with those who share similar attributes). However, these approaches tend to focus on consistent information only and fail to consider the heterogeneity between topology and attributes. In light of the problem, we propose a new algorithm called CDLM (Community Detection via Local Metric learning) for attributed networks. The key point is to combine topological structure and node attributes in local metric space and perform community detection and local metric learning iteratively. With such a strategy, the learned local distance measures will benefit the performance of community detection, and in turn, the identification of intrinsic community structure helps to eliminate the negative effects of noisy edges in learning local metrics. Notably, homogeneity and heterogeneity between topological structure and node attributes are simultaneously considered to boost the performance of community detection. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world networks have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed CDLM algorithm.
MHC class II molecules bind indiscriminately self and non-self peptide homologs: effect on the immunogenicity of non-self peptides (1993)

Synthetic peptides spanning the entire sequence of both human and mouse beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) have been tested for their capacity to bind to three different mouse (I-Ad, I-Ed, and I-Ak) or human (DR1, DR2, and DR5) class II molecules. The results demonstrate that class II molecules do not discriminate between self and non-self peptides. When the immunogenicity of the human beta 2M peptides was measured by their ability to prime H-2d mice for in vitro T cell proliferation, it was found that peptides incapable of binding class II molecules in vitro were also non-immunogenic in vivo. Interestingly, however, several binders, including the human beta 2M peptide 1-16, the best binder in this series to Iad molecules, were found to be non-immunogenic. Since the corresponding mouse beta 2M peptide 1-16 was also capable of binding to Iad molecules, this suggested that lack of responsiveness to the non-self peptide could arise either from central or peripheral tolerance induced by the self homolog. Alternatively, lack of responsiveness could arise from other mechanisms, such as negative selection by other non-homolog sequences or lack of suitable T cell receptor genes. To discriminate between these possibilities, H-2d mice with disrupted beta 2M genes were immunized with the human beta 2M peptide 1-16. This peptide also failed to prime for T cell responsiveness in beta 2M-negative mice, suggesting that a hole in the T cell repertoire for this antigen was not mediated by negative selection or peripheral tolerance induced by self beta 2M peptides.
Copyright protection of scalar and multimedia sensor network data using digital watermarking (2013)

This thesis records the research on watermarking techniques to address the issue of copyright protection of the scalar data in WSNs and image data in WMSNs, in order to ensure that the proprietary information remains safe between the sensor nodes in both. The first objective is to develop LKR watermarking technique for the copyright protection of scalar data in WSNs. The second objective is to develop GPKR watermarking technique for copyright protection of image data in WMSN.
Withdrawal of Essential Amino Acids Increases Autophagy by a Pathway Involving Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase Kinase-β (CaMKK-β) (2012)

Autophagy is the main lysosomal catabolic process that becomes activated under stress conditions, such as amino acid starvation and cytosolic Ca(2+) upload. However, the molecular details on how both conditions control autophagy are still not fully understood. Here we link essential amino acid starvation and Ca(2+) in a signaling pathway to activate autophagy. We show that withdrawal of essential amino acids leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), arising from both extracellular medium and intracellular stores, which induces the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) via Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-β (CaMKK-β). Furthermore, we show that autophagy induced by amino acid starvation requires AMPK, as this induction is attenuated in its absence. Subsequently, AMPK activates UNC-51-like kinase (ULK1), a mammalian autophagy-initiating kinase, through phosphorylation at Ser-555 in a process that requires CaMKK-β. Finally, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex C1 (mTORC1), a negative regulator of autophagy downstream of AMPK, is inhibited by amino acid starvation in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner, and CaMKK-β appears to be important for mTORC1 inactivation, especially in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). All these results highlight that amino acid starvation regulates autophagy in part through an increase in cellular Ca(2+) that activates a CaMKK-β-AMPK pathway and inhibits mTORC1, which results in ULK1 stimulation.
Propagation of limited diffraction beams in biological soft tissues (1993)

Recently, diffraction limited beams have received increased attention for use in imaging and material characterization. Properties of two particular types, Bessel beams and the X waves, in lossless media have been reported. In medical applications, however, the propagation media are highly attenuative. The authors investigate propagation of Bessel beams and X waves in attenuating media, like soft tissues. In both cases, field of infinite aperture (ideal beam) and field of finite aperture (practical beam) have been studied. Pulsed beams, which are of interest in pulse echo applications, have been included in the authors' studies. Results show that Bessel beams do not spread laterally in attenuating media. In contrast, the X waves spread rapidly in such media. Lateral spreading of wideband X waves is linearly proportional to the depth and the attenuation coefficient. Spreading rate is lower for narrowband beams. It is concluded that while Bessel beam can be considered as limited diffraction beam in soft tissues, such assumption is not true for X waves, unless when narrowband signals are used
Effective phase locking of an array of lasers (1986)

Phase locking of a 61-tube 8.5-mm-period honeycomb array of 100-ms-pulsed CO2 waveguide lasers (Glova et al., 1985) is achieved experimentally by varying the distance between an external coupling mirror and the laser aperture. The theoretical basis of the technique is explained, and the experimental results are presented graphically. Complete phase locking with lasing at single P and R-branch rotational transitions is obtained, in the 10-micron region at mirror distance 4.5-6 m and in the 9-micron region at mirror distance 6-7.0 m. 7 references.
Online Research Methods (2016)

Abstract Many new opportunities for social researchers have developed as a result of the rapid expansion of global access to the Internet and the growth of online activities including social networking, blogs, surveys, gaming, and online communities. The ability to conveniently collect large amounts of data at low cost makes online research very attractive. Some forms of online data provide opportunities for unobtrusive research. A limitation of much online data, however, is that variables needed for theory‐driven research may be absent. Online research poses challenges to our existing approaches to obtaining informed consent and providing confidentiality, and raises additional concerns over privacy and the use of deception. Social researchers have demonstrated the ability to analyze data from social media sites, carry out ethnographic studies of virtual worlds, execute online experiments, conduct focus groups, and use the Internet to conduct surveys.
ACCORD: Enabling Associativity for Gigascale DRAM Caches by Coordinating Way-Install and Way-Prediction (2018)

Stacked-DRAM technology has enabled high bandwidth gigascale DRAM caches. Since DRAM caches require a tag store of several tens of megabytes, commercial DRAM cache designs typically co-locate tag and data within the DRAM array. DRAM caches are organized as a direct-mapped structure so that the tag and data can be streamed out in a single access. While direct-mapped DRAM caches provide low hit-latency, they suffer from low hit-rate due to conflict misses. Ideally, we want the hit-rate of a set-associative DRAM cache, without incurring additional latency and bandwidth costs of increasing associativity. To address this problem, way prediction can be applied to a set-associative DRAM cache to achieve the latency and bandwidth of a direct-mapped DRAM cache. Unfortunately, conventional way prediction policies typically require per-set storage, causing multi-megabyte storage overheads for gigascale DRAM caches. If we can obtain accurate way prediction without incurring significant storage overheads, we can efficiently enable set-associativity for DRAM caches. This paper proposes Associativity via Coordinated Way-Install and Way-Prediction (ACCORD), a design that steers an incoming line to a "preferred way" based on the line address and uses the preferred way as the default way prediction. We propose two way-steering policies that are effective for 2-way caches. First, Probabilistic Way-Steering (PWS), which steers lines to a preferred way with high probability, while still allowing lines to be installed in an alternate way in case of conflicts. Second, Ganged Way-Steering (GWS), which steers lines of a spatially contiguous region to the way where an earlier line from that region was installed. On a 2-way cache, ACCORD (PWS+GWS) obtains a way prediction accuracy of 90% and retains a hit-rate similar to a baseline 2-way cache while incurring 320 bytes of storage overhead. We extend ACCORD to support highly-associative caches using a Skewed Way-Steering (SWS) design that steers a line to at-most two ways in the highly-associative cache. This design retains the low-latency of the 2-way ACCORD while obtaining most of the hit-rate benefits of a highly associative design. Our studies with a 4GB DRAM cache backed by non-volatile memory shows that ACCORD provides an average of 11% speedup (up to 54%) across a wide range of workloads.
Image analysis system for 96-well plate fluorescence assays (2012)

Fluorescence Assays in 96-well format are becoming routine in laboratory and clinical procedures. So there is a necessity for developing a method capable of high throughput analysis at affordable cost for manufacturing of less expensive readers. This paper focuses on an image based analysis system to for a fluorescent transport liquid assay performed in a 96-well microtiter plate which is acquired as an image by Digital Camera. The Acquired Image is passed on to a developed Image Analysis System incorporating the Neural Network Architecture which categorizes the result as Fast Efflux, Medium Efflux and Slow Efflux.
Trocknungsblockade durch Mauerversalzung (2022)

2 S.
Implementation of automatic focusing algorithms for a computer vision system with camera control (2018)

Robotics Institute
VENIS-a real-time distributed prototype system (2002)

A prototype system called VENIS (Vehicle Electronic Network integration System) was developed on a military land vehicle which exhibits the versatility of a programmable logic controller, has the performance of a dedicated controller, and was implemented in a distributed architecture. Two laboratory test results show its satisfactory performance. Operational testing of VENIS on the test bed vehicle was also performed. The preliminary results of this application testing have been favorable due to the performance and versatility of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
문학작품 속 인조인간의 형상화 - 아힘 폰 아르님의 『이집트의 이사벨라』에 나타난 알라운과 골렘 모티브를 중심으로 (2018)

독일에서 인조인간 모티브에 대한 문학적 관심은 1800년부터 본격적으로 시작되었는데, 크게 두 가지 경향으로 나타나고 있다. 하나는 신화나 전설에서 유래한 마적이고 초자연적인 존재들로부터 영향을 받았으며, 또 다른 하나는 19세기 당시 대두되기 시작한 자연과학기술로부터 영향을 받았다. 이러한 두 가지 경향 가운데 본 연구에서 살펴보고자 하는 아힘 폰 아르님의 노벨레 『이집트의 이사벨라』에 나타난 인조인간 모티브는 첫 번째 경향에 속하는 알라운과 골렘 전설에서 영향을 받은 것이다.
본 연구는 아르님의 문학작품에 나타난 인조인간 모티브를 알라운과 골렘을 중심으로 살펴보고, 이러한 모티브가 아르님의 생존 당시인 낭만주의 시대의 문학 속에서 어떤 의미를 함축하고 있는지를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 우선 아르님의 노벨레에 영향을 미친 알라운과 골렘 전설이 수용된 배경에 대해 거시적으로 살펴보고, 이어 이 모티브가 구체적으로 해당 작품에서 어떻게 재현되고 있는지를 알아본 후, 마지막으로 아르님의 작품에서 알라운과 골렘 모티브가 낭만주의 시대와 연관해서 어떤 의미를 지니고 있는지를 살펴본다.
Identification of a Putative Crf Splice Variant and Generation of Recombinant Antibodies for the Specific Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus (2009)

Crf2 and the corresponding recombinant antibodies offer a novel approach for the early diagnostics of IA caused by A. fumigatus.
Multi-scale structure and topological anomaly detection via a new network statistic: The onion decomposition (2016)

We introduce a network statistic that measures structural properties at the micro-, meso-, and macroscopic scales, while still being easy to compute and interpretable at a glance. Our statistic, the onion spectrum, is based on the onion decomposition, which refines the k-core decomposition, a standard network fingerprinting method. The onion spectrum is exactly as easy to compute as the k-cores: It is based on the stages at which each vertex gets removed from a graph in the standard algorithm for computing the k-cores. Yet, the onion spectrum reveals much more information about a network, and at multiple scales; for example, it can be used to quantify node heterogeneity, degree correlations, centrality, and tree- or lattice-likeness. Furthermore, unlike the k-core decomposition, the combined degree-onion spectrum immediately gives a clear local picture of the network around each node which allows the detection of interesting subgraphs whose topological structure differs from the global network organization. This local description can also be leveraged to easily generate samples from the ensemble of networks with a given joint degree-onion distribution. We demonstrate the utility of the onion spectrum for understanding both static and dynamic properties on several standard graph models and on many real-world networks.
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Genus Enterovirus in Children Requiring Intensive Care: Clinical Manifestations and Impact of Viral Co-Infections (2021)

Infection by rhinovirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) in children ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). This cohort study evaluates the clinical impact of RV/EV species, alone or in codetection with other viruses, in young children with severe LRTI. Seventy-one patients aged less than 5 years and admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a reference children's hospital with RV or EV (RV/EV) LRTI were prospectively included from 1/2018 to 3/2020. A commercial PCR assay for multiple respiratory pathogens was performed in respiratory specimens. In 22/71, RV/EV + respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found, and 18/71 had RV/EV + multiple viral detections. Patients with single RV/EV detection required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) as frequently as those with RSV codetection, whereas none of those with multiple viral codetections required IMV. Species were determined in 60 samples, 58 being RV. No EV-A, EV-C, or EV-D68 were detected. RV-B and EV-B were only found in patients with other respiratory virus codetections. There were not any associations between RV/EV species and severity outcomes. To conclude, RV/EV detection alone was observed in young children with severe disease, while multiple viral codetections may result in reduced clinical severity. Differences in pathogenicity between RV and EV species could not be drawn.
IFN-γ Primes RAW264 Macrophages and Human Monocytes for Enhanced Oxidant Production in Response to CpG DNA via Metabolic Signaling: Roles of TLR9 and Myeloperoxidase Trafficking (2006)

Macrophages and monocytes are activated by CpG DNA motifs to produce NO, which is enhanced dramatically by IFN-gamma. We hypothesize that synergistic cellular responses to IFN-gamma and CpG DNA are due to cross-talk between metabolic signaling pathways of leukocytes. Adherent RAW264.7 macrophages and human monocytes exhibited NAD(P)H autofluorescence oscillation periods of approximately 20 s. IFN-gamma increased the oscillatory amplitude, which was required for CpG DNA-mediated metabolic changes. These alterations in metabolic dynamics required the appropriate combinations of murine/human TLR9 and murine/human-specific CpG DNA. Other factors that also promoted an increase in metabolic oscillatory amplitude could substitute for IFN-gamma. Because recent studies have shown that the metabolic frequency is coupled to the hexose monophosphate shunt, and the amplitude is coupled to the peroxidase cycle, we tested the hypothesis that myeloperoxidase (MPO) participates in IFN-gamma priming for oxidant production. MPO inhibitors blocked cell responses to IFN-gamma and CpG DNA. In the absence of IFN-gamma exposure, the effects of CpG DNA could be duplicated by MPO addition to cell samples. Moreover, monocytes from MPO knockout mice were metabolically unresponsive to IFN-gamma and CpG DNA. NAD(P)H frequency doubling responses due to CpG DNA were blocked by an inhibitor of the hexose monophosphate shunt. Because NAD(P)H participates in electron trafficking to NO and superoxide anions, we tested oxidant production. Although CpG DNA alone had no effect, IFN-gamma plus CpG enhanced NO and reactive oxygen metabolite release compared with IFN-gamma treatment alone. We suggest that amplitude and frequency modulation of cellular metabolic oscillations contribute to intracellular signaling synergy.
Atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition of tungsten doped vanadium(iv) oxide from VOCl3, water and WCl6 (2004)

Thin films of thermochromic tungsten doped VO2 on glass substrates were prepared from the atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) reaction of VOCl3,·H2O and WCl6. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy indicated a solid solution V1−xWxO2 (x = 0.003–0.032). XPS studies indicated the tungsten was present as W4+. The thermochromic properties of the films were investigated by Raman, XRD and reflectance/transmission measurements. These indicated that incorporation of tungsten caused a reduction in the VO2 thermochromic switching temperature of 19 °C per W atom%. The thermochromic properties of the thin films show great potential for use as an intelligent window coating.
IL-10 enhances CTL-mediated tumor rejection by inhibiting highly suppressive CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells and promoting CTL persistence in a murine model of plasmacytoma (2015)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates immune responses. IL-10 has also been shown to enhance antitumor CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses in tumor models although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we used a series of genetic mouse models and the mouse plasmacytoma J558 model to investigate this issue. J558 tumors grew significantly faster in <i>IL-10</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice than in wild type (WT) mice, but similarly in IL-10 <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> Rag2 <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> and Rag2 <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice. Tumors from IL-10 <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice contained fewer IFN-γ-producing CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells than tumors from WT mice. Strikingly, depletion of total CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, but not CD25<sup>+</sup> cells, resulted in tumor eradication in IL-10 <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice. Adoptive transfer studies revealed that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from IL-10 <sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice exhibited more potent suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor rejection than their WT counterparts, and IL-10-deficient tumor-infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressed higher levels of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitory molecules. Although IL-10-deficient CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are not defective in activation and initial rejection of tumors, adoptive transfer studies using IL-10-deficient P1CTL transgenic T cells that recognize the tumor rejection antigen P1A reveal that IL-10 is required for long-term persistence of CTLs and control of tumor growth. Thus, we have found that IL-10 enhances antitumor CTL responses by inhibiting highly suppressive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and promoting CTL persistence. These data have important implications for the design of immunotherapy for human cancer.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide‐Based Transistor Circuits for Gray Scale Organic Light‐Emitting Displays (2016)

Two types of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) transistors are applied to demonstrate their possibility as switching/driving elements for the pixel of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display. Such TMD materials are 6 nm thin WSe 2 and MoS 2 as a p‐type and n‐type channel, respectively, and the pixel is thus composed of external green OLED and nanoscale thin channel field effect transistors (FETs) for switching and driving. The maximum mobility of WSe 2 ‐FETs either as switch or as driver is ≈30 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , in linear regime of the gate voltage sweep range. Digital (ON/OFF‐switching) and gray‐scale analogue operations of OLED pixel are nicely demonstrated. MoS 2 nanosheet FET‐based pixel is also demonstrated, although limited to alternating gray scale operation of OLED. Device stability issue is still remaining for future study but TMD channel FETs are very promising and novel for their applications to OLED pixel because of their high mobility and I D ON/OFF ratio.
Stereotactic Target Localization Accuracy in Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2002)

The results indicate that iMRI can be used for stereotactic target localization.