gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies towards the development of chemically synthesized non-radioactive biotinylated nucleic acid hybridization probes (1986)

Non-radioactive nucleic acid hybridization probes have been constructed in which the reporter group is long chain biotin chemically linked to a basic macromolecule (histone H1, cytochrome C or polyethyleneimine). The modified basic macromolecule which carries many biotin residues can, in turn, be covalently linked to nucleic acids (DNA) via the bifunctional cross-linking reagents, glutaraldehyde, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, bis (succinimidyl) suberate or bis (sulfonosuccinimidyl) suberate. This provides a very sensitive probe by which as little as between 10-50fg of target DNA can be visualized using dot-blot hybridization procedures in conjunction with avidin or streptavidin enzyme conjugates.
Magnetostrictton of terfenol-d beat treated under compressive stress (1999)

Giant magnetostrictive materials, such as Terfenol-D, are capable of delivering strains of ~2000 ppm. One of the main drawbacks of the commonly available alloys is that they must be operated under compressive prestresses of ~10 MPa or larger to achieve these strains. Such operating conditions insure that a full 90 ° magnetic moment rotation occurs in the material under the applied magnetic fields. The objective of this paper is to report the field dependence of the magnetostriction of Terfenol-D (tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95) sample heat treated under various compressive stresses.
Multi-sensor fusion for robust computation of breathing rate (2002)

Respiratory information can be obtained from the changes in electrical impedance across the chest, the electrocardiogram or the changes in light absorption across the finger. Running estimates of the breathing rate from each of these can be obtained from independent Kalman filters. A robust estimate of breathing rate is derived by fusing the outputs of these independent Kalman filters using a weighting calculated from the squared differences between each prediction from the filters and the corresponding measurements.
New method using anhydrous (/sup 18/F)fluoride to radiolabel 2-(/sup 18/F)fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (1982)

A new chemical route for the preparation of 2-(/sup 18/F)fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-/sup 18/FDG) is discussed using anhydrous (/sup 18/F)fluoride produced by the /sup 20/Ne(d,..cap alpha..)/sup 18/F reaction. The anhydous /sup 18/F/sup -/ is reacted with a previously prepared precursor, methyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-3-o-methyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-..beta..-D-mannopyranoside, in dimethyl formamide or hexamethylophosphoric triamide. The corresponding fluoro-deoxy-glucose derivative, upon treatment with borontribromide or concentrated hydrochloric acid, yields 2-/sup 18/FDG in 10% (overall) yield. The substrate was characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biodistribution studies were performed in mice, and imaging studies in dogs.
Improving Accuracy of GNSS Devices in Urban Canyons (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of calculating the accurate position of a GNSS device operating in an urban canyon, where lines of sight (LOS) with navigation satellites are too few for accurate trilateration calculation. We introduce a post-processing renement algorithm, which makes use of a 3D map of the city buildings as well as captured signals from all traceable navigation satellites. This includes weak signals originating from satellites with no line of sight (NLOS) with the device. We also address the dual problem - computing a 3D map of the city buildings when the position of the device is given. This is achieved by storing LOS/NLOS rays to all navigation satellites sampled at multiple locations within a region of interest (ROI). These rays are then used to compute the 3D shapes of buildings in the ROI. A series of eld experiments conrm that both algorithms are applicative. The position renement algorithm signicantly improves the device’s accuracy and the mapping algorithm allows few users to map a complex urban region simply by walking through it.
In vivo measurement of time-resolved autofluorescence at the human fundus (2004)

An experimental setup for measurement of time-resolved autofluorescence of the human eye fundus is demonstrated. The method combines laser scanning technique and time-correlated single photon counting. The light source is a laser diode, delivering pulses of about 100 ps duration at a repetition rate of 40 MHz. The excitation wavelength is 446 nm and the cutoff wavelength of fluorescence detection is at 475 nm. The autofluorescence can be determined with a spatial resolution of 80 x 80 microm2 and 25 ps time resolution. The fluorescence decay is optimally approximated by a biexponential model. The dominating lifetime tau1 is shortest in the macula (320 to 380 ps) and reaches 1500 ps in the optic disk. The lifetime tau2 varies between 2 ns and 5 ns, but the spatial distribution is more homogeneous. Respiration of 100% oxygen for 6 min leads to changes in the fluorescence lifetime pointing to detection of coenzymes. Diagrams of lifetime tau2 versus tau1 are well suited for comparison of substances. Such lifetime clusters of a 20 deg macular field of a young healthy subject and of a patient suffering from dry age-related macular degeneration overlap only partially with tau2-tau1 clusters of lipofuscin.
Kinetics of the reaction of isopropenyl acetate and stearic acid to form isopropenyl stearate (1972)

Abstract A mathematical kinetics model has been developed for the reaction of stearic acid with isopropenyl acetate to form isopropenyl stearate. Though the reaction is reversible, the kinetics can be described mathematically most simply by a pseudo first order irreversible reaction model. The model predicts the rate of formation of isopropenyl stearate as a function of time, temperature, catalyst concentration and equilibrium concentration of isopropenyl stearate. Equilibrium is determined from an empirical equation as a function of the ratio of the original concentration of the reactants. Temperature has little effect on the equilibrium.
Vessel Extraction of Microcirculatory Video Recordings Using Multi-thresholding Based Verification Algorithm (2010)

This study aims to develop a fully-automated algorithm utilizing image processing methods to segment capillaries in microcirculatory video recordings and to quantitatively analyze the changes occur in microcirculation. The video recordings are captured from lingual surfaces of animal subjects at healthy condition to create a baseline and during hemorrhagic shock. The percentage of active blood vessels in the frames will lead to the measurement of microcirculation. Video stabilization, pre-processing, vessel segmentation, identification of active blood vessels and calculating the Functional Capillary Density of the video recordings are the five main steps of the algorithm. Five subregions for each video recording are selected to stabilize the frames through maximizing cross-correlation. Adaptive histogram equalization and median filtering are main steps of pre-processing to enhance the contrast. Multiple level thresholding is applied to pre-processed images and each pixel is verified based on geometric and contrast parameters at each threshold level. The difference of segmented consecutive frames is calculated to detect active capillaries. The algorithm is tested on publicly available retinal image database (DRIVE)and the vessel segmentation results show 93% accuracy when it is compared to manual segmentation results. The Functional Capillary Density calculated for microcirculation video recordings is used to identify healthy and hemorrhagic subjects successfully.
Phase-noise analysis of swept-source optical coherence tomography systems (2017)

We propose a new model to characterize the phase noise in swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The new model explicitly incorporates scanning variability, timing jitter, and sample location in addition to intensity noise (shot noise). The model was analyzed and validated by using both Monte Carlo methods and experiments. We suggest that the proposed model can be used as a guideline for future SS-OCT experimental designs.
High operating temperature midwave quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD) (2012)

The nBn or XBn barrier infrared detector has the advantage of reduced dark current resulting from suppressed Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination and surface leakage. High performance detectors and focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on InAsSb absorber lattice matched to GaSb substrate, with a matching AlAsSb unipolar electron barrier, have been demonstrated. The band gap of lattice-matched InAsSb yields a detector cutoff wavelength of approximately 4.2 μm when operating at ~150K. We report results on extending the cutoff wavelength of midwave barrier infrared detectors by incorporating self-assembled InSb quantum dots into the active area of the detector. Using this approach, we were able to extend the detector cutoff wavelength to ~6 μm, allowing the coverage of the full midwave infrared (MWIR) transmission window. The quantum dot barrier infrared detector (QD-BIRD) shows infrared response at temperatures up to 225 K.
Imaging through the atmosphere from satellites: restoration of images based on atmospheric MTF (1997)

The recently developed atmospheric Wiener filter, which corrects for turbulence and aerosol blur and path radiance simultaneously, is implemented in digital restoration of AVHR imagery over the five wavelength bands of the satellite instrumentation. Restoration is most impressive for higher optical depth situations which cause more blur, with improvement in regard to both smallness of size of resolvable detail and contrast. Turbulence modulation transfer function (MTF) is calculated from meteorological data. Aerosol MTF is consistent with optical depth, measured with a sum-photometer. The product of the two yields atmospheric MTF which is implemented in the atmospheric Wiener filter. Turbulence blur, aerosol blur, and path radiance contrast loss are all corrected simultaneously, as if there were no intervening atmosphere. Image restorations with accompanying atmospheric MTF curves are presented. However, restoration results using a simple inverse atmospheric MTF filter were quite similar. This indicates the satellite images were characterized by very low noise and that turbulence jitter was very limited which, in turn, indicates that the turbulence MTFs integrated upwards over the path length wee not significant when compared to aerosol MTFs. Restorations are shown for various wavelength bands and are quite apparent even under clear weather conditions.
Immune Reactivity of Human Sera to the Glycoprotein B of Human Herpesvirus 7 (2002)

The glycoprotein B (gB) is highly conserved among distinct human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) strains. Similarly to other herpesvirus glycoproteins, gB has been assumed to induce a specific human immune response. However, it did not appear as an immunodominant protein in conventional immunoblot assays. Recombinant gB, obtained from either Escherichia coli or baculovirus expression systems, did react specifically with HHV-7-seropositive sera, and the main corresponding epitopes were located in its N-terminal part. A 24-amino-acid peptide, corresponding to a predicted hydrophilicity peak and presenting no extensive homology with other betaherpesvirus glycoproteins, was selected in this region at positions 129 to 152 of the gB sequence. When tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), this peptide specifically reacted with HHV-7-seropositive sera. This reactivity was significantly inhibited by the preincubation of sera with the peptide itself, lysates of gB-expressing cells, or lysates of HHV-7-infected cells. The reactivity was not significantly modified when sera were preincubated with lysates of either human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)- or HHV-6-infected cells. In cross-sectional studies including both children and adults, 49 out of 61 serum samples (80%) were found to be positive by HHV-7 ELISA, independent of their reactivity to HCMV. A longitudinal serological study of 17 children during the first 4 years of life showed that the level of ELISA-detected antibodies significantly decreased within a few weeks after birth and then increased in the following months, likely reflecting, respectively, the loss of maternal antibodies and the occurrence of seroconversion. These results demonstrate that gB peptide ELISA might be a useful tool for the serological study of HHV-7 infection.
New series resonant converter for variable reluctance motor drive (2003)

A resonant-type converter for a variable-reluctance motor drive is proposed to perform zero current switching of all solid state devices. The resonant circuit is partially resonant rather than fully resonant from the viewpoint of the capacitor. The power circuit of the converter can be realized with unidirectional naturally commutated switches. The converter has many advantages, such as low voltage stress or improved voltage utilization, low loss, and no stress in the switching instant. The operating principle and current regulation method are introduced and verified through simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Model-based segmentation of the facial nerve and chorda tympani in pediatric CT scans (2011)

In image-guided cochlear implant surgery an electrode array is implanted in the cochlea to treat hearing loss. Access to the cochlea is achieved by drilling from the outer skull to the cochlea through the facial recess, a region bounded by the facial nerve and the chorda tympani. To exploit existing methods for computing automatically safe drilling trajectories, the facial nerve and chorda tympani need to be segmented. The effectiveness of traditional segmentation approaches to achieve this is severely limited because the facial nerve and chorda are small structures (~1 mm and ~0.3 mm in diameter, respectively) and exhibit poor image contrast. We have recently proposed a technique to achieve this task in adult patients, which relies on statistical models of the structures. These models contain intensity and shape information along the central axes of both structures. In this work we use the same method to segment pediatric scans. We show that substantial differences exist between the anatomy of children and the anatomy of adults, which lead to poor segmentation results when an adult model is used to segment a pediatric volume. We have built a new model for pediatric cases and we have applied it to ten scans. A leave-one-out validation experiment was conducted in which manually segmented structures were compared to automatically segmented structures. The maximum segmentation error was 1 mm. This result indicates that accurate segmentation of the facial nerve and chorda in pediatric scans is achievable, thus suggesting that safe drilling trajectories can also be computed automatically.
A compound segmentation algorithm for anterior chamber angle in OCT image (2011)

Anterior chamber (AC) angle is a useful parameter in the investigation and diagnoses of angle closure glaucoma. And Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive and high-resolution technique for AC angle imaging. An accurate and automatic angle measurement should be based on a precise AC angle segmentation in OCT image. However, conventional segmentation algorithms can not achieve a well result because the algorithms are not robust to the dark shadow areas and speckle noise existing in the image. A new compound segmentation algorithm is proposed in this paper. The morphological method, intensity transform, gradient image, and ratio of foreground-to-background average intensity, etc., are applied in this new algorithm to improve the accuracy of segmentation. The experiments show that the presented algorithm can achieve a satisfactory segmentation result for the AC angle in OCT images.
Cytogenetics and Reproductive Behavior of 48‐Chromosome Pearl Millet ✕ <i>Pennisetum squamulatum</i> Derivatives (1990)

Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen is a perennial, hexaploid (2 n = 6x = 54) species belonging to the tertiary gene pool of cultivated pearl millet [ P. glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Pennisetum squamulatum is a source of genes controlling apomixis, and useful genetic variability can be released in hybrids between sexual pearl millet and apomictic species. New genome combinations were produced between tetraploid pearl millet (2 n = 4x = 28) and P. squamulatum by pollinating a sexual interspecific F 1 hybrid (2 n = 41) with an apomictic 56‐chromosome derivative from another F 1 interspecific hybrid (2 n = 41). Fifteen hybrids with 2 n = 47 or 48 chromosomes resulted from the crosses. All were perennial and morphologically similar to or taller than their parents, showed irregular metaphase I chromosome behavior, and were partially male and female fertile. Nine plants reproduced sexually, two by facultative apomixis, and four by obligate apomixis. This cross allowed the increase of the pearl millet genome in the new hybrids while introducing apomictic reproduction into several genotypes.
Computer-assisted single-stage cranioplasty (2015)

Cranioplasty treats and repairs cranial defects with a custom craniofacial implant (CCI). Typically, surgeons know the defect size prior to surgery. Recent efforts consider single-stage cranioplasty-performing the bony resection and fixating the CCI in a single operation. This paper develops a computer-assisted technique to perform single-stage cranioplasty. Intraoperatively, the surgeon traces the bony resection. The outline of the bony cuts is projected on a preoperatively-designed CCI to guide the surgeon during the resizing. A cadaveric case study showed good fit with minimal gaps between the implant and remaining skull. Moreover, the procedure reduced the time to resize the implant by an order of magnitude compared to manual resizing without the use of the computer-assisted technique. This approach represents the next step in quickly, effectively, and robustly performing single-stage CCI to treat craniofacial defects.
A no-reference Spatial Aliasing Measure for digital image resizing (2008)

We present a no-reference spatial aliasing measure (SAM) for images, that assesses the impact of visual jaggy edges in resized digital images. The measure makes use of the fact that visible spatial aliasing is likely to occur in areas with strong directional energy. In these regions, aliasing energy often appears in frequency regions that have little image content. We show the effectiveness of SAM using a subjective test.
High-Speed Precision Handling Technology of Micro-Chip for Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) Application (2018)

This paper proposed a high-speed precision handling technology of micro-chip using programmable laser debonding technology for fan-out wafer level packaging (FOWLP) application, and investigated the programmable capability, the speed and the accuracy with laser debonding experiments on chips down to 25um×25um. The proposed FOWLP approach has features of: (a) all steps are based on wafer-level processes by using programmable laser debonding technology to achieve the reconstituted wafer, enabling high-speed precision hanldinghandling technology for micro-chip. And, (b) two bonding interface layers, one high-strength adhesive layer for chips firmly joined to handler and the other UV-sensitive layer for easily laser debonding, can improve the die-shift issues. The successfully debonding results, including selectively debonding 200um×400um chips from handler wafer and specifically debonding 25um×25um chips forming the letters "IBM", indicates the programmable capability of this technology. The experiment results show that the debonding speed can be up to 360,000 components per hour (cph), and the debonding accuracy can be in the microns range.
AhR activation increases IL‐2 production by alloreactive CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells initiating the differentiation of mucosal‐homing Tim3<sup>+</sup>Lag3<sup>+</sup>Tr1 cells (2017)

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by immunosuppressive ligands promotes the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Although AhR-induced Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg cells have been well studied, much less is known about the development and fate of AhR-induced Type 1 Treg (AhR-Tr1) cells. In the current study, we identified the unique transcriptional and functional changes in murine CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that accompany the differentiation of AhR-Tr1 cells during the CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell-dependent phase of an allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (allo-CTL) response. AhR activation increased the expression of genes involved in T-cell activation, immune regulation and chemotaxis, as well as a global downregulation of genes involved in cell cycling. Increased IL-2 production was responsible for the early AhR-Tr1 activation phenotype previously characterized as CD25<sup>+</sup> CTLA4<sup>+</sup> GITR<sup>+</sup> on day 2. The AhR-Tr1 phenotype was further defined by the coexpression of the immunoregulatory receptors Lag3 and Tim3 and non-overlapping expression of CCR4 and CCR9. Consistent with the increased expression of CCR9, real-time imaging showed enhanced migration of AhR-Tr1 cells to the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon. The discovery of mucosal imprinting of AhR-Tr1 cells provides an additional mechanism by which therapeutic AhR ligands can control immunopathology.
Soft magnetic properties of a ferritic Fe-Ni-Cr alloy (1984)

Technologically important applications may exist for magnetically soft alloys that possess, in addition to the appropriate magnetic properties, relatively high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Such an alloy can be used, for example, for certain types of telephone receiver armature applications. In the present paper, we report the magnetic and mechanical properties of the ternary Fe-3Ni-5Cr alloy. The soft magnetic properties of the alloy are significantly improved by heat treatment within the (α+γ) two-phase region. Exemplary properties after heat treatment at ∼625 °C for 2 h are Hc∼1.2 Oe, μm∼4700, yield strength ∼59 ksi, and elongation ∼30%. The alloy exhibits reasonably good corrosion resistance. Magnetic, mechanical, and electrical properties of the alloy as well as the acoustic performance of telephone receivers using it, have been found to be comparable to those of the 2V-Permendur alloy.
Throughput Maximization In Multiple Antenna Communication Systems Through Quantized Rate Control (2006)

In the recent years, we have witnessed an increasing demand for the high data rate wireless communication systems. While most of the research efforts has been focused on the minimization of the packet error probability through an adaptive transmission scheme, the overall optimization of the system throughput is not well addressed. We consider the problem of throughput maximization using a quantized feedback that is an appropriate model for practical systems with limited feedback capacity. We derive the optimal quantized rate control design for general multiple transmit and multiple receive antenna systems. Moreover, an adaptive stochastic gradient search algorithm has been proposed that can efficiently find the optimal solution. It is shown that the proposed quantized rate control design with only a few bits of feedback considerably improves the throughput of a system for a given average power