gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bariatric Surgery for Severely Overweight Adolescents: Concerns and Recommendations (2004)

As the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disease among adolescents in the United States continues to increase, physicians are increasingly faced with the dilemma of determining the best treatment strategies for affected patients. This report offers an approach for the evaluation of adolescent patients' candidacy for bariatric surgery. In addition to anthropometric measurements and comorbidity assessments, a number of unique factors must be critically assessed among overweight youths. In an effort to reduce the risk of adverse medical and psychosocial outcomes and increase compliance and follow-up monitoring after bariatric surgery, principles of adolescent growth and development, the decisional capacity of the patient, family structure, and barriers to adherence must be considered. Consideration for bariatric surgery is generally warranted only when adolescents have experienced failure of ≥6 months of organized weight loss attempts and have met certain anthropometric, medical, and psychologic criteria. Adolescent candidates for bariatric surgery should be very severely obese (defined by the World Health Organization as a body mass index of ≥40), have attained a majority of skeletal maturity (generally ≥13 years of age for girls and ≥15 years of age for boys), and have comorbidities related to obesity that might be remedied with durable weight loss. Potential candidates for bariatric surgery should be referred to centers with multidisciplinary weight management teams that have expertise in meeting the unique needs of overweight adolescents. Surgery should be performed in institutions that are equipped to meet the tertiary care needs of severely obese patients and to collect long-term data on the clinical outcomes of these patients.
An <i>in vitro</i> Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and P-Glycoprotein Interaction with Goldenseal, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, Grape Seed, Milk Thistle, and Ginseng Extracts and Their Constituents (2007)

Drug-herb interactions can result from the modulation of the activities of cytochrome P450 (P450) and/or drug transporters. The effect of extracts and individual constituents of goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba (and its hydrolyzate), grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng on the activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes were determined using enzyme-selective probe substrates, and their effect on human P-glycoprotein (Pgp) was determined using a baculovirus expression system by measuring the verapamil-stimulated, vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity. Extracts were analyzed by HPLC to standardize their concentration(s) of constituents associated with the pharmacological activity, and to allow comparison of their effects on P450 and Pgp with literature values. Many of the extracts/constituents exerted > or = 50 % inhibition of P450 activity. These include those from goldenseal (normalized to alkaloid content) inhibiting CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 at 20 microM, ginkgo inhibiting CYP2C8 at 10 microM, grape seed inhibiting CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 at 10 microM, milk thistle inhibiting CYP2C8 at 10 microM, and ginsenosides F1 and Rh1 (but not ginseng extract) inhibiting CYP3A4 at 10 microM. Goldenseal extracts/constituents (20 microM, particularly hydrastine) and ginsenoside Rh1 stimulated ATPase at about half of the activity of the model substrate, verapamil (20 microM). The data suggest that the clearance of a variety of drugs may be diminished by concomitant use of these herbs via inhibition of P450 enzymes, but less so by Pgp-mediated effects.
Taming Carbohydrate Complexity:  A Facile, High-Yield Route to Chiral 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic Acids and 4-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-ones with Very High Optical Purity from Pentose Sugars (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTTaming Carbohydrate Complexity: A Facile, High-Yield Route to Chiral 2,3-Dihydroxybutanoic Acids and 4-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-ones with Very High Optical Purity from Pentose SugarsRawle I. HollingsworthView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 20, 7633–7634Publication Date (Web):September 14, 1999Publication History Received2 July 1999Published online14 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jo991069wCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views553Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (28 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Oxidation,Oxides,Reaction products,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Derogation of Physical Layer Security Breaches in Maturing Heterogeneous Optical Networks (2021)

The evolution journey of optical network (ON) towards heterogeneous and flexible frameworks with high order of applications is continued from the last decade. Furthermore, the prominence of optical security, amount of transmitted data, bandwidth, and dependable presentation are heightened. The performance of ON is degraded in view of various natures of attacks at the physical layer, such as service disrupting and access to carrier data. In order to deal with such security breaches, new and efficient ON must be identified. So, this paper elaborates a detailed structure on physical layer security for heterogeneous ON. Possible mechanisms, such as Elliptic-curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH), are used to treat a physical layer attack, and an efficient framework is proposed in this paper for 64 quadrature amplitude modulation-based orthogonal frequency division multiplex (64QAM-OFDM) ONs. Finally, theoretical and simulation validations are presented, and the effective results of the proposed method and viewpoint are concluded.
Perovskite Solar Cells with Inorganic Electron‐ and Hole‐Transport Layers Exhibiting Long‐Term (≈500 h) Stability at 85 °C under Continuous 1 Sun Illumination in Ambient Air (2018)

Despite the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poor long-term stability is one of the main obstacles preventing their commercialization. Several approaches to enhance the stability of PSCs have been proposed. However, an accelerating stability test of PSCs at high temperature under the operating conditions in ambient air remains still to be demonstrated. Herein, interface-engineered stable PSCs with inorganic charge-transport layers are shown. The highly conductive Al-doped ZnO films act as efficient electron-transporting layers as well as dense passivation layers. This layer prevents underneath perovskite from moisture contact, evaporation of components, and reaction with a metal electrode. Finally, inverted-type PSCs with inorganic charge-transport layers exhibit a PCE of 18.45% and retain 86.7% of the initial efficiency for 500 h under continuous 1 Sun illumination at 85 °C in ambient air with electrical biases (at maximum power point tracking).
Primary Potential and Current Distribution Around a Bubble on an Electrode (1980)

An analytical solution for the primary potential and current distribution around a spherical bubble in contact with a plane electrode is presented. Zero at the contact point, the current density reaches only 1% of its undisturbed value at 30% of the radius from that point and goes through a shallow maximum two radii away. The solution obtained for spherical bubbles is shown to apply for bubbles having contact angles smaller than 17.5°. The incremental resistance caused by dilute arrays of bubbles is evaluated.
PALLADIUM AND NICKEL-CATALYZED PERFLUOROALKYLATION OF ALDEHYDES USING ZINC AND PERFLUOROALKYL HALIDES (1984)

Abstract A room temperature method for the conversion of perfluoroalkyl iodides to α-perfluoroalkyl carbinols under Pd or Ni catalysis is reported. The use of trifluoromethyl bromide provides an economical procedure for trifluoromethyl substituted carbinols.
Autonomous Control of the Interacting-BoomCopter UAV for Remote Sensor Mounting (2018)

This paper presents a novel approach for autonomously mounting a sensor package on a vertical surface with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The Interacting-BoomCopter (I-BC) UAV uses an on-board webcam and computer along with a horizontally-mounted reversible propeller on its front boom to autonomously perform the aerial manipulation task. An overview of the vehicle design is presented along with the image processing algorithms used for target tracking, and the implementation of an extended finite state machine (EFSM) for carrying out the high-level autonomous control. The effectiveness of the autonomous control strategy and I-BC platform are examined through the performance of several autonomous sensor mounting flight tests.
DOES THE NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA PROVIDE CLUES TO THE AETIOLOGY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS? (1987)

DOES THE NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA PROVIDE CLUES TO THE AETIOLOGY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS? Get access T. D. SPECTOR, T. D. SPECTOR Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeTurner St, London E1 1BB, UK Address correspondence to Dr Spector. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. J. SILMAN A. J. SILMAN Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The London Hospital Medical CollegeTurner St, London E1 1BB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 26, Issue 4, August 1987, Pages 307–310, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/26.4.307 Published: 01 August 1987
Simple universal lossy data compression schemes derived from the Lempel-Ziv algorithm (1996)

Two universal lossy data compression schemes, one with fixed rate and the other with fixed distortion, are presented, based on the well-known Lempel-Ziv algorithm. In the case of fixed rate R, the universal lossy data compression scheme works as follows: first pick a codebook B/sub n/ consisting of all reproduction sequences of length n whose Lempel-Ziv codeword length is /spl les/nR, and then use B/sub n/ to encode the entire source sequence n-block by n-block. This fixed-rate data compression scheme is universal in the sense that for any stationary, ergodic source or for any individual sequence, the sample distortion performance as n/spl rarr//spl infin/ is given almost surely by the distortion rate function. A similar result is shown in the context of fixed distortion lossy source coding.
How to enable software isolation and boost system performance with sub-block erase over 3D flash memory (2016)

The write amplification problem deteriorates as the block size of modern flash-memory chips keeps increasing. Without the careful garbage collection, significant live-page copying might even worsen the reliability problem, that is already severe to 3D flash memory. In this work, we propose a sub-block erase design to not only alleviate the write amplification problem by reducing livepage copying but also improve the system reliability with a software isolation strategy. In particular, sub-blocks are carefully allocated to satisfy write requests so as to reduce disturbance by using free or invalid sub-blocks as isolation layers among sub-blocks, without additional hardware cost and capacity loss. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the capability of the proposed design. The results show that the proposed design is very effective in improving the system performance by reducing garbage collection overheads and in improving the device reliability/lifetime.
Practical Implementation of a Middleware and Software Component Architecture Supporting Reconfigurability of Real-Time Embedded Systems (2009)

In the current drive towards dynamic self-managing systems, a particular challenge is the development of coherent architectures of context-aware middleware and components. The embedded class of systems brings the additional challenges of resource limitations and difficulty to upgrade deployed code. This paper describes a complete implementation of middleware and component architecture that facilitates flexible run-time configuration via embedding of dynamically replaceable decision logic into software components. An automotive air conditioning system application is described illustrating the approach, using a variety of context sources.
Event-based image processing using a neuromorphic vision sensor (2013)

A DVS (Dynamic Vision Sensor) is a device that generates spikes just like a human retina does. The spikes are created in the pixels by illumination changes. A software project called jAER is a way of communication with the DVS; jAER is developed in Java, uses OpenGL to render the image and drivers to communicate with the DVS through USB. The Processing in jAER must be frame-free (event-based). This paper presents a DVS and jAER analysis, and describes the method to do new applications in jAER, as well as presents two applications done in jAER: one is the tracking of objects and the other is the construction of the image from the spikes.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Cirrhotic Patients with Portal Hypertension (2013)

Gastrointestinal bleeding related to portal hypertension is a serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Most patients bleed from esophageal or gastric varices, but bleeding from ectopic varices or portal hypertensive gastropathy is also possible. The management of acute bleeding has changed over the last years. Patients are managed with a combination of endoscopic and pharmacologic treatment. The endoscopic treatment of choice for esophageal variceal bleeding is variceal band ligation. Bleeding from gastric varices is treated by injection with cyanoacrylate. Treatment with vasoactive drugs as well as antibiotic treatment is started before or at the time point of endoscopy. The first-line treatment for primary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding is nonselective beta blockers. Pharmacologic therapy is recommended for most patients; band ligation is an alternative in patients with contraindications for or intolerability of beta blockers. Treatment options for secondary prophylaxis include variceal band ligation, beta blockers, a combination of nitrates and beta blockers, and combination of band ligation and pharmacologic treatment. A clear superiority of one treatment over the other has not been shown. Bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy or ectopic varices is less common. Treatment options include beta blocker therapy, injection therapy, and interventional radiology.
Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Treatment of<i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i>Disease (Buruli Ulcer) with Topical Nitrogen Oxides (2004)

Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) is a serious ulcerating skin disease which is common in many tropical countries. Standard treatment, by extensive excision and skin grafting, is not available in rural communities where the disease is common. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with topical nitrogen oxides. Thirty-seven patients with a clinical diagnosis of Buruli ulcer caused by M. ulcerans disease were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In one group, two creams containing sodium nitrite (6%, wt/wt) or citric acid monohydrate (9%, wt/wt) were applied daily for 6 weeks, while the other group received a placebo. In the second 6 weeks, both groups received the nitrogen oxide-generating combination of creams. Treatment was continued for another 4 weeks for patients whose ulcers were not healed after 12 weeks. The ulcer surface area was monitored by weekly tracings made by assessors blinded to the treatment. In the first 6 weeks, patients on sodium nitrite and citric acid monohydrate (group I, active treatment) showed a rapid decrease in ulcer size from 28.6 +/- 5.6 cm2 (mean +/- standard error) to 12.6 +/- 3.2 cm2, a decrease significantly greater than that in group II (from 15.3 +/- 3.1 to 11.7 +/- 3.7 cm2; P = 0.03). Five ulcers in the placebo group enlarged during this period, compared with one in the active group. In the second 6 weeks (both groups on active treatment), the rates of healing were similar for the two groups and there was a significant reduction in ulcer size in group II (previously on placebo) compared to the first 6 weeks. Yellow pigmentation of the skin, which disappeared 3 days after treatment was stopped, was the only side effect to date. We conclude that creams releasing nitrogen oxides increase the healing rate of ulcers caused by M. ulcerans infection with minimal adverse events. This is the first controlled trial of any form of therapy which demonstrates efficacy in treating this disease.
Silicone Film Adhesives: Bonding Automotive Fixtures to Glass (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Derived from aerospace technology, silicone film adhesives are elastomeric materials that use a unique filler to obtain superior mechanical and optical properties. The small particle size of the filler reinforces the silicone polymer matrix and also results in an optically transparent adhesive. These film adhesives offer favorable material properties as well as strong adhesion to many substrates. Both the material and adhesion properties are consistent over a broad range of temperatures and humidity.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Consistent material properties arise partly because silicone film adhesives have glass-transition temperatures that are well below the typical operating-temperature range for automotive applications (-40°C to 150°C). The low glass-transition temperature ensures that silicone film adhesives remain in the rubbery state. In contrast, the bond strength of adhesives with glass-transition temperatures that fall within typical operating-temperature ranges can change drastically as the material changes between the rubbery state and the glassy state.<span class="xref">*</span></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition, the inherent chemical properties of silicones make them more resistant to moisture and ultraviolet light than many of their organic counterparts. This allows silicone film adhesives to retain their strength and elasticity even after extended exposure to the environment.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For silicones, consistent adhesion to a variety of substrates is achieved by incorporating adhesion promoters in the formulation. Adhesion promoters form covalent bonds between the silicone film and the substrate, resulting in good adhesion properties that are relatively unaffected by moisture, high temperature, or UV light.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper compares the material and adhesion properties of silicone film adhesives to the properties of a commonly used organic film adhesive, poly(vinyl butyral).</div>
Fuels from Biomass: Integration with Food and Materials Systems (1978)

The development of fuels from biomass can lead naturally to dispersed facilities that incorporate food or materials production (or both) with fuel production, forming adaptive systems that can be modified to meet evolving needs and constraints. The technology that is appropriate to each system needs to be worked out, taking into account associated food and materials opportunities in order to decrease the ultimate cost of energy delivered to the consumer. I analyze possible systems based on sugarcane, corn, and guayule.
Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein under the Control of the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Promoter Do Not Differentiate into Astrocytes<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i> (2003)

Differentiation of bone marrow (BM) cells into astroglia expressing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has been reported in vitro and after intracerebral or systemic BM transplantation. In contrast, recent data suggest that astrocytic differentiation does not occur from BM-derived cells in vivo . Using transgenic mice that express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, we investigated the potential of adult murine BM-derived cells to differentiate into macroglia. In the brains of GFAP–GFP transgenic mice, astrocytes were brightly fluorescent from the expression of GFP. When BM from these animals was transplanted into lethally irradiated wild-type animals, the transgene was detected in the reconstituted hematopoietic system, but no GFP expression was found in the nervous system. In contrast, GFAP–GFP neuroectodermal anlage grafted into adult wild-type striatum gave rise to GFP-expressing astrocytes. Because cerebral ischemia has been suggested to promote the differentiation of BM-derived cells into astrocytes, BM chimeric mice were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. No GFP-positive cells were found in the ischemic or contralateral hemispheres of these brains. Even after direct injection of GFAP–GFP transgenic BM cells into wild-type striatum, no GFP-expressing astroglia were detected. To test the hypothesis that the in vitro environment might be more permissible for astroglial differentiation, we cultured BM from mice that constitutively express GFP, BM cells expressing GFP from a retroviral vector, and BM from GFAP–GFP transgenic mice on astrocytes and on organotypic hippocampal slices. In all experimental paradigms, BM-derived cells were found to differentiate into ramified microglia but not into GFAP-expressing astrocytes.
A General Chelate-Assisted Co-Assembly to Metallic Nanoparticles-Incorporated Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (2012)

The organization of different nano objects with tunable sizes, morphologies, and functions into integrated nanostructures is critical to the development of novel nanosystems that display high performances in sensing, catalysis, and so on. Herein, using acetylacetone as a chelating agent, phenolic resol as a carbon source, metal nitrates as metal sources, and amphiphilic copolymers as a template, we demonstrate a chelate-assisted multicomponent coassembly method to synthesize ordered mesoporous carbon with uniform metal-containing nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposites have a 2-D hexagonally arranged pore structure, uniform pore size (~4.0 nm), high surface area (~500 m(2)/g), moderate pore volume (~0.30 cm(3)/g), uniform and highly dispersed Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles, and constant Fe(2)O(3) contents around 10 wt %. By adjusting acetylacetone amount, the size of Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles is readily tunable from 8.3 to 22.1 nm. More importantly, it is found that the metal-containing nanoparticles are partially embedded in the carbon framework with the remaining part exposed in the mesopore channels. This unique semiexposure structure not only provides an excellent confinement effect and exposed surface for catalysis but also helps to tightly trap the nanoparticles and prevent aggregating during catalysis. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis results show that as the size of iron nanoparticles decreases, the mesoporous Fe-carbon nanocomposites exhibit significantly improved catalytic performances with C(5+) selectivity up to 68%, much better than any reported promoter-free Fe-based catalysts due to the unique semiexposure morphology of metal-containing nanoparticles confined in the mesoporous carbon matrix.