gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<sup>15</sup>N Hyperpolarization by Reversible Exchange Using SABRE-SHEATH (2015)

NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a NMR hyperpolarization technique that enables nuclear spin polarization enhancement of molecules via concurrent chemical exchange of a target substrate and parahydrogen (the source of spin order) on an iridium catalyst. Recently, we demonstrated that conducting SABRE in microtesla fields provided by a magnetic shield enables up to 10% <sup>15</sup>N-polarization (Theis, T.; et al. <i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i><b>2015</b>, <i>137</i>, 1404). Hyperpolarization on <sup>15</sup>N (and heteronuclei in general) may be advantageous because of the long-lived nature of the hyperpolarization on <sup>15</sup>N relative to the short-lived hyperpolarization of protons conventionally hyperpolarized by SABRE, in addition to wider chemical shift dispersion and absence of background signal. Here we show that these unprecedented polarization levels enable <sup>15</sup>N magnetic resonance imaging. We also present a theoretical model for the hyperpolarization transfer to heteronuclei, and detail key parameters that should be optimized for efficient <sup>15</sup>N-hyperpolarization. The effects of parahydrogen pressure, flow rate, sample temperature, catalyst-to-substrate ratio, relaxation time (<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>), and reversible oxygen quenching are studied on a test system of <sup>15</sup>N-pyridine in methanol-<i>d</i><sub>4</sub>. Moreover, we demonstrate the first proof-of-principle <sup>13</sup>C-hyperpolarization using this method. This simple hyperpolarization scheme only requires access to parahydrogen and a magnetic shield, and it provides large enough signal gains to enable one of the first <sup>15</sup>N images (2 × 2 mm<sup>2</sup> resolution). Importantly, this method enables hyperpolarization of molecular sites with NMR <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> relaxation times suitable for biomedical imaging and spectroscopy.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Antagonist Antibody as a Therapeutic Agent for Cancer (2006)

Based on preclinical validation studies, IMC-18F1 anti-VEGFR-1 has potential to provide clinical benefit to cancer patients.
Semiconductor laser having a photonic bandgap material (1997)

Disclosed is a semiconductor laser that is constituted by at least one active layer sandwiched between two confinement layers with P and N type doping to constitute a PN junction. In at least one of the confinement layers and/or the active layer, holes are designed on each side of the cavity so as to form structures of photonic bandgap material along the lateral walls of the cavity and the ends of the cavity.
Nano‐Raman spectroscopy with side‐illumination optics (2005)

Abstract We describe an apertureless near‐field Raman spectroscopy setup that has successfully produced substantial enhancements for a wide variety of samples and achieved a high contrast. The tremendous potential of tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) for nanoscale chemical characterization has been demonstrated by various groups by measuring organic dyes, biological molecules, single‐walled carbon nanotubes and silicon. Keys to rapid advances in the application of TERS to pressing scientific problems include the optimization of the method to achieve greater reproducibility and greater enhancement factors if possible, but more importantly, greater imaging contrast. Using a side‐illumination geometry, we demonstrate reproducible enhancements of the Raman signal per volume on the order of 10 3 –10 4 using silver‐ and gold‐coated tips on various molecular, polymeric and semiconducting materials as well as on carbon nanotubes. We have experimentally verified localization of the enhancement to a depth of ∼20 nm. Most importantly, optimization of the polarization geometry makes possible a contrast between the near‐field and far‐field signals of 900% in the case of silicon—a level that makes the technique attractive for various applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An amino-terminal deletion mutation of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gIII affects protein localization and RNA accumulation (1988)

We have constructed a pseudorabies virus mutant that contains virtually a complete deletion of the predicted signal sequence coding region for a nonessential envelope glycoprotein, gIII. No signal sequence mutants have been reported previously for a herpesvirus glycoprotein. Through endoglycosidase treatments and pulse-chase analysis, we have determined that the mutant gIII protein is not posttranslationally modified like the wild-type polypeptide, but rather is present as a single, stable species within the infected cell. The mutant polypeptide cannot be detected in the virus envelope, nor is it aberrantly localized to the tissue culture medium. Immunofluorescence studies have indicated that the mutant protein also is not localized to the surfaces of infected cells. In addition, Northern (RNA) and slot blot analyses, as well as in vitro translation experiments using infected-cell cytoplasmic RNA, have indicated that the mutant gIII allele is expressed at lower levels than the wild-type gene is. This is despite the fact that no alterations have been made upstream of the gIII coding sequence. From these results, it appears that the first 22 amino acids of the wild-type gIII protein define a necessary signal peptide that is responsible for at least the correct initiation of translocation and subsequent glycosylation of the gIII envelope glycoprotein within infected cells.
Stylus type touch probe system (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Richard K. Davis, William S. McKnight; Stylus type touch probe system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 December 1986; 80 (6): 1864. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.394233 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Neutral Insulin Solutions Physically Stabilized by Addition of Zn<sup>2+</sup> (1986)

Commercial neutral insulin solutions, all of which contain 2-3 zinc atoms per hexameric unit of insulin, have a relatively limited physical stability when exposed to heat and movement, as for example in insulin infusion pumps. Physical stabilization of neutral insulin solutions has been obtained by addition of two extra Zn2+ per hexamer of insulin. This addition stabilizes porcine and human neutral solutions equally well and does not affect the chemical stability of the insulin. The stabilization is probably obtained by a further strengthening of the hexameric structure of insulin, so that the formation of insoluble insulin fibrils (via the dissociation into the insulin monomer or dimer) is impeded or prevented. The addition of an extra 2 Zn2+ has been shown to be without influence on the insulin immunogenicity in rabbits or on the rate of absorption after subcutaneous injection in diabetic patients. It is concluded that neutral insulin solution can be physically stabilized by addition of extra Zn2+ without affecting other qualities of the insulin preparation including chemical stability, immunogenicity, and duration of action after injection.
Vaginal antibody of patients with trichomoniasis is to a prominent surface immunogen of Trichomonas vaginalis. (1991)

Twenty vaginal washes (VWs) and ten vaginal mucus (VM) samples from patients with trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of antibody to surface protein immunogens of Trichomonas vaginalis. Fourteen of 20 VWs (70%) and 8 of 10 VM (80%) had immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) that reacted in an immunoprecipitation (IP) assay with one iodinated Trichomonas vaginalis surface protein immunogen with a relative molecular mass of 230,000 daltons (230-kDa) (P230). No similar IP of any iodinated protein was observed when detergent extract was first depleted of P230 with monoclonal antibody (MAb), indicating a highly specific VW IgG response of patients to P230. VWs were also obtained from 10 patients from one to four weeks after treatment. These VWs had the same, or in one case a greater, level of IgG to P230. Under no circumstances was Ab to P230 or any other trichomonad protein detected in VWs or VM from normal, uninfected women. Flow cytofluorometry with VW Ab yielded heterogeneous fluorescent and non-fluorescent populations of trichomonads, reaffirming the restricted Ab response to one or a few epitopes on P230 in the vagina of patients. Under identical conditions, the MAb gave totally fluorescent parasite populations of some isolates, and the MAb again demonstrated variable epitope accessibility to Ab binding (Infect Immun 1987;55:1037). Finally, the MAb or VW Ab was never cytolytic for immunoreactive (fluorescent) parasites, even in the presence of complement. This study identifies the most important trichomonad surface immunogen on the basis of the vaginal Ab response, and data underscore the significance of immune evasion strategies of this sexually transmitted disease agent.
SCIBORG: Secure Configurations for the IoT Based on optimization and Reasoning on Graphs (2020)

Addressing security misconfiguration in complex distributed systems, such as networked Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Internet of Things (IoT) is challenging. Owners and operators must go beyond tuning parameters of individual components and consider the security implications of configuration changes on entire systems. Given the growing scale of cyber systems, this task must be highly automated. Unfortunately, prior work on configuration errors has largely ignored the security impact of configurations of connected components. To address this gap, we present SCIBORG, a framework that improves the security posture of distributed systems by examining the impact of configuration changes across interdependent components using a graph-based model of the system and its vulnerabilities. It formulates a Constraint Satisfaction Problem from the graph-based model and uses an SMT solver to find optimal configuration parameter values that minimize the impact of attacks while preserving system functionality. SCIBORG also provides supporting evidence for the proposed configuration changes. We evaluate SCIBORG on an IoT testbed.
A Summarization System for Scientific Documents (2019)

Shai Erera, Michal Shmueli-Scheuer, Guy Feigenblat, Ora Peled Nakash, Odellia Boni, Haggai Roitman, Doron Cohen, Bar Weiner, Yosi Mass, Or Rivlin, Guy Lev, Achiya Jerbi, Jonathan Herzig, Yufang Hou, Charles Jochim, Martin Gleize, Francesca Bonin, Francesca Bonin, David Konopnicki. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP): System Demonstrations. 2019.
Dynamic enhanced radio resource allocation for wireless communication networks (2002)

Mobility of the wireless user creates uncertainty in demand and non-optimum use of radio resources. Current wireless networks are periodically re-configured manually to improve network performance. These network reconfiguration and performance optimizations consume thousands of engineering hours and are often done by trial and error. However, the benefit of these efforts will be minimized as increasing competition throughout the world causes the service provider to dynamically change pricing structures to attract new customers and maintain existing customers. These changes in wireless service tariff and user base can drastically impact the network usage. This uncertainty further reduces the period of time a non-dynamically tuned network will perform optimally. Therefore, the need to reallocate the network and radio resources on the fly to maximize network infrastructure usage and minimize network costs will become increasingly important. This paper proposes a new enhanced method to dynamically allocate radio resources and evaluates the performance impact of this scheme using the configuration and operational measurements of an existing Global Standard Mobile (GSM) network over a period of several days. The new enhanced dynamic radio method reduces the total radio channel requirements by 10-20% over the currently used fixed allocation scheme. This new method improves the radio resource performance (the average C/I per Erlang) by 2.4 dB over a fixed allocation radio system.
Efficient Reductive Destruction of Perfluoroalkyl Substances under Self-Assembled Micelle Confinement (2020)

Recently, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have received great attention from both academia and the industry due to their persistence and health risks. Here, we developed a simple ternary self-assembled micelle composite, consisting of a photosensitive substance (indole acetic acid, IAA), cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), and contaminant (PFAS). Owing to the rapid hydrated electron transfer from IAA to the PFAS in the micelle, the PFAS degradation and defluorination were greatly enhanced even under ambient conditions. After 2.5 h UV irradiation, the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentration decreased from 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup> to ∼60 ng L<sup>-1</sup>, which is below the drinking water health advisory level of the United States Environmental Protection Agency for the combined concentration of PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (70 ng L<sup>-1</sup>). Meanwhile, the dissolved organic carbon content of the reaction solution was also reduced to ∼3 mg L<sup>-1</sup> due to the quick settlement and automatic separation of the micelle. Furthermore, the newly developed composite was also adaptable to a wide pH range (pH 4-8), attributing to the barrier created by the ternary micelle system. This novel self-assembly method is expected to directly treat industrial PFAS-containing wastewater or PFAS-enriched concentrates derived from adsorption processes. The conceptually new advanced reduction technique represents a major breakthrough toward PFAS rapid destruction and efficient usage of hydrated electrons and might also shed light on other environmental applications.
Dynamic subnanosecond time-of-flight detection for ultra-precise diffusion monitoring and optimization of biomarker preservation (2014)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that the preservation of cancer biomarkers, such as phosphorylated protein epitopes, in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue is highly dependent on the localized concentration of the crosslinking agent. This study details a real-time diffusion monitoring system based on the acoustic time-of-flight (TOF) between pairs of 4 MHz focused transducers. Diffusion affects TOF because of the distinct acoustic velocities of formalin and interstitial fluid. Tissue is placed between the transducers and vertically translated to obtain TOF values at multiple locations with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm. Imaging is repeated for several hours until osmotic equilibrium is reached. A post-processing technique, analogous to digital acoustic interferometry, enables detection of subnanosecond TOF differences. Reference subtraction is used to compensate for environmental effects. Diffusion measurements with TOF monitoring <i>ex vivo</i> human tonsil tissue are well-correlated with a single exponential curve (R<sup>2</sup>>0.98) with a magnitude of up to 50 ns, depending on the tissue size (2-6 mm). The average exponential decay constant of 2 and 6 mm diameter samples are 20 and 315 minutes, respectively, although times varied significantly throughout the tissue (σ<sub>max</sub>=174 min). This technique can precisely monitor diffusion progression and could be used to mitigate effects from tissue heterogeneity and intersample variability, enabling improved preservation of cancer biomarkers distinctly sensitive to degradation during preanalytical tissue processing.
Comparison of the <scp>L</scp> cr wave <scp>TOF</scp> and shear‐wave spectrum methods for the uniaxial absolute stress evaluation of steel members (2019)

The absolute stress of steel members is a key parameter for determining the performance of steel structures. Compared with other nondestructive evaluation methods, ultrasonic methods, which correlate material stress with ultrasonic velocity, have received the greatest amount of research attention. In this study, we investigated the measurement of the absolute stress distribution of steel members using two ultrasonic methods: a longitudinal critically refracted (Lcr) wave method and a shear wave method. The Lcr wave is generated from the longitudinal wave mode conversion and exhibits the greatest sensitivity to stress. The shear waves are generated by the birefringence effect, and their synthesis signal spectrum exhibits a minimum that varies with stress. A comparison of the two absolute stress evaluation methods is performed. Specifically, four steel members with identical dimensions and materials are used to investigate the discreteness of the calibrated parameters. The uniaxial absolute stress distributions of two steel members with variable cross sections are measured using the two methods and verified using the traditional strain gauge method. The results show that the uniaxial stress distributions of the two steel members can be evaluated by both the Lcr wave time-of-flight method and the shear-wave spectrum method, although the latter is more accurate for the measurement of stress distribution. Furthermore, the measurement principles, parametric calibrations, sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability of the two methods are compared, and their applicability is discussed.
Efficient simulation of knitted cloth using persistent contacts (2015)

Knitted cloth is made of yarns that are stitched in regular patterns, and its macroscopic behavior is dictated by the contact interactions between such yarns. We propose an efficient representation of knitted cloth at the yarn level that treats yarn-yarn contacts as persistent, thereby avoiding expensive contact handling altogether. We introduce a compact representation of yarn geometry and kinematics, capturing the essential deformation modes of yarn loops and stitches with a minimum cost. Based on this representation, we design force models that reproduce the characteristic macroscopic behavior of knitted fabrics. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method on simulations with millions of degrees of freedom (hundreds of thousands of yarn loops), almost one order of magnitude faster than previous techniques.
A novel adaptive algorithm applied to a class of redundant representation vector quantizers for waveform and model based coding (2003)

Recently, novel vector quantization techniques in multiple nonorthogonal domains for both waveform and Linear Prediction (LP) model based, signal characterization have been reported. This approach gives an improved signal coding performance as compared to vector quantization in a single domain. In these techniques, each vector, formed either directly from the signal waveform or from the LP model coefficients extracted from the signal, is encoded in the domain that best represents the vector. An iterative algorithm for codebook accuracy enhancement, applicable to both waveform and LP model based vector quantization in nonorthogonal domains is developed and presented in this paper. In this algorithm, in the learning mode, each set of codebooks is retrained by those training vectors that selected that particular set of codebooks in the most recent iteration. Sample results are provided which clearly demonstrate the improved performance for the same bitrate.
Motion modeling for motion vector coding in HEVC (2015)

During the standardization of HEVC, new motion information coding and prediction schemes such as temporal motion vector prediction have been investigated to reduce the spatial redundancy of motion vector fields used for motion compensated inter prediction. In this paper a general motion model based vector coding scheme is introduced. This scheme includes estimation, coding and dynamic recombination of parametric motion models to generate vector predictors and merge candidates for all common HEVC inter coding settings. Bit rate reductions of up to 4.9% indicate that higher order motion models can increase the efficiency of motion information coding in modern hybrid video coding standards.
Autocrine regulation of prostate-specific antigen gene expression in a human prostatic cancer (LNCaP) subline. (1993)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a M(r) 34,000 serine protease, is recognized as a useful marker for the detection and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Although serum PSA is an excellent prognostic indicator, an increasing number of factors were found to regulate the PSA expression of prostatic cancer cells, which include androgenic steroids, the growth factors (GFs) and the extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study is to define a novel protein factor that may be responsible for regulating PSA expression by androgen-independent (AI) human prostate cancer cells. We have established a LNCaP subline (C4) from a parental LNCaP tumor grown in a castrated host. The C4 subline overexpressed PSA mRNA and protein. Serum-free conditioned medium (CM) isolated from the C4 subline is able to stimulate PSA gene expression in parental LNCaP cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This autocrine PSA-inducing activity was found to be organ specific because CMs from other fibroblast cell lines (such as bone, prostate, kidney, and lung fibroblasts) and the CMs from several prostatic carcinoma cell lines (such as parental LNCaP, PC-3, DU-145) and a bladder transitional carcinoma cell line (WH) fail to exhibit similar activity. The activity of the CM from the C4 subline cannot be substituted by GFs such as TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, bFGF, HGF, KGF, or NGF; neuropeptide (bombesin/GRP); secondary messenger analogue (dibutyryl cAMP); beta 2-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol); or alpha 1-adrenergic agonist (phenylephrine), indicating that the factor(s) may be a novel prostate-specific autocrine factor (PSAF). Both androgen and PSAF exhibit an additive effect on up-regulating PSA gene expression, suggesting that the signal transduction pathway elicited by PSAF may differ from that mediated by the androgen receptor. Further characterization of PSAF by heat, acid, and trypsin digestion revealed that the PSAF may be a protein factor with a unique amino acid composition. These observations suggest that a novel autocrine pathway mediated by PSAF may be responsible for the overexpression of PSA mRNA and protein in a human prostatic cancer cell line. The potential clinical significance of this factor will be discussed.
Sensing intruders using entanglement: a photonic quantum fence (2009)

We describe the use of quantum-mechanically entangled photons for sensing intrusions across a physical perimeter. Our approach to intrusion detection uses the no-cloning principle of quantum information science as protection against an intruder's ability to spoof a sensor receiver using a 'classical' intercept-resend attack. Moreover, we employ the correlated measurement outcomes from polarization-entangled photons to protect against 'quantum' intercept-resend attacks, i.e., attacks using quantum teleportation. We explore the bounds on detection using quantum detection and estimation theory, and we experimentally demonstrate the underlying principle of entanglement-based detection using the visibility derived from polarization-correlation measurements.