gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology of L-asparaginase and the effects of host and enzyme modification. (1981)

Pharmacology is the study of the properties of a drug with respect to its interaction with the host, toxicology, and with the disease, therapeutics. Since both the toxicology and therapeutic activity of L-asparaginase are presented by others at this symposium, I will give only a brief overview of the pharmacology of L-asparaginase with particular reference to how it differs from other chemotherapeutic agents. Primarily, I would like to discuss how it may be possible to modify some of the pharmacological constraints on the therapeutic responses to L-asparaginase by combining the enzyme with inhibitors of asparagine synthetase and by using polymer-modified forms of the enzyme.
Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene by Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles: Reactivity Enhancement through Sulfidation Treatment (2016)

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) synthesized in the presence of reduced sulfur compounds have been shown to degrade trichloroethene (TCE) at significantly higher rates. However, the applicability of sulfidation as a general means to enhance nZVI reactivity under different particle preparation conditions and the underlying cause for this enhancement effect are not well understood. In this study, the effects of sulfidation reagent, time point of sulfidation, and sulfur loading on the resultant particles were assessed through TCE degradation experiments. Up to 60-fold increase in TCE reaction rates was observed upon sulfidation treatment, with products being fully dechlorinated hydrocarbons. While the reactivity of these sulfur-treated nZVI (S-nZVI) was relatively unaffected by the sulfidation reagent (viz., sodium sulfide, dithionite, or thiosulfate) or the sequence of sulfidation relative to iron reduction, TCE reaction rates were found to depend strongly on sulfur to iron ratio. At a low sulfur loading, TCE degradation was accelerated with increasing sulfur dose. The rate constant reached a limiting value, however, as the sulfur to iron mole ratio was greater than 0.025. Different from previous propositions that iron sulfidation leads to more efficient TCE or tetrachloroethene (PCE) degradation by enabling depassivation of iron surface, affording catalytic pathways, or facilitating electron transfer, we show that the role of sulfur in nZVI lies essentially in its ability to poison hydrogen recombination, which drives surface reactions to favor reduction by atomic hydrogen. This implies that the reactivity of S-nZVI is contaminant-specific and is selective against the background reaction of water reduction. As the effect of sulfur manifests through surface processes, sulfidation represents a broadly applicable surface modification approach to modulate or increase the reactivity of nZVI for treating TCE and other related contaminants.
Using four-prime RSA in which some of the bitsare specified (1994)

In the Letter the authors apply their method of predetermining a certain number of bits of the RSA public key modulus to RSA using four primes. The method works just as well using four primes as it does with two, and does not appear to decrease the security level. It appears that at most 252 bit can be predetermined, whereas in the two-prime case half of the bits could be specified.
Decolorization of Several Polymeric Dyes by the Lignin-Degrading Basidiomycete <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> (1983)

The polymeric dyes Poly B-411, Poly R-481, and Poly Y-606 were examined as possible alternatives to the radiolabeled lignin previously used as a substrate in lignin biodegradation assays. Like lignin degradation, the decolorization of these dyes by the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium occurred during secondary metabolism, was suppressed in cultures grown in the presence of high levels of nitrogen, and was strongly dependent on the oxygen concentration in the cultures. A variety of inhibitors of lignin degradation, including thiourea, azide, and 4'-O-methylisoeugenol, also inhibited dye decolorization. A pleiotropic mutant of P. chrysosporium, 104-2, lacking phenol oxidase and ligninolytic activity was also not able to decolorize the polymeric dyes, whereas a phenotypic revertant strain, 424-2, regained this capacity. All of these results suggest that the ligninolytic degradation activity of the fungus was responsible for the decolorization of these dyes.
Low-cost multi-hypothesis motion compensation for video coding (2014)

In conventional motion compensation, prediction block is related only with one motion vector for P frame. Multihypothesis motion compensation (MHMC) is proposed to improve the prediction performance of conventional motion compensation. However, multiple motion vectors have to be searched and coded for MHMC. In this paper, we propose a new low-cost multi-hypothesis motion compensation (LMHMC) scheme. In LMHMC, a block can be predicted from multiple-hypothesis with only one motion vector to be searched and coded into bit-stream, other motion vectors are predicted from motion vectors of neighboring blocks, and so both the encoding complexity and bit-rate of MHMC can be saved by our proposed LMHMC. By adding LMHMC as an additional mode in MPEG internet video coding (IVC) platform, the B-D rate saving is up to 10%, and the average B-D rate saving is close to 5% in Low Delay configure. We also compare the performance between MHMC and LMHMC in IVC platform, the performance of MHMC is improved about 2% on average by LMHMC.
Preparation of Large Transparent Silica Monoliths with Embedded Photoluminescent CdSe@ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots (2005)

Highly fluorescent transparent silica monoliths have been prepared with MPS-capped CdSe@ZnS quantum dots and TMOS precursor molecules by employing an inorganic−organic hybrid approach based on the sol−gel chemistry
The Role of Senescence in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2019)

In recent years, cellular senescence has generated a lot of interest among researchers because of its involvement in both the normal aging process and common human diseases. During senescence, cells undergo alterations that include telomere shortening, nuclear area enlargement, and genomic and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests that the complex process of senescence is involved in the development of a plethora of chronic diseases including metabolic and inflammatory disorders and tumorigenesis. Recently, several human and animal studies have emphasized the involvement of senescence in the pathogenesis and development of liver steatosis including the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as characterized by the additional emergence of inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and liver fibrosis. The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to NASH are commonly accompanied by several pathophysiological events including metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory phenomena occurring within the liver that may contribute to or derive from cellular senescence, implying that the latter may be both a stimulus and a consequence of the disease. Conclusion: In this review, we summarize the current literature on the impact of cellular senescence in NAFLD/NASH and discuss the effectiveness and safety of novel senolytic drugs and therapeutic options available to delay or treat the disease. Finally, we identify the open questions and issues to be addressed in the near future.
Fabrication of the patterned flexible OLEDs using a combined roller imprinting and photolithography method (2005)

A new patterning method has been developed to fabricate the patterned organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) with pixels of 500 /spl mu/m/spl times/300 /spl mu/m on the flexible PET substrates. The patterns of the pixel array were defined in crossed-strip style with ITO anode patterned using a combination of the roller-type imprinting lithography and photolithography (CRIP), followed by wet chemical etching. Compared with the conventional imprint lithography or photolithography, CRIP using the hybrid mold has the advantages of better uniformity, less force, less time-consuming, lower cost and higher aspect ratio.
Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials (2020)

Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials provides an extensive description of the preparation and characterization of organic materials for applications in nonlinear and electro-optics. The book discusses the fundamental optimization and practical limitations of a number of figures of merit for various optical parameters and gives a clinical appraisal o
Robust DRM on Internet Based on Identity-Based Encryption (2009)

Digital rights management (DRM) is a popular tool used to protect digital contents with cryptographic technology. But there are many different DRM encryption formats that are adopted by different content providers, causing consumers canpsilat play their contents on devices with different DRM format even though they bought it legally. In this paper, we employ identity-based encryption to allow a conversion between different DRM systems, and also improve Jeong et al.psilas scheme in security aspect.
An investigation into the origin of the dramatically reduced reactivity of peptide-prolyl-thioesters in native chemical ligation (2010)

The low reactivity of peptide-prolyl-thioesters in native chemical ligation is not due to steric effects at the β-carbon, but rather to the presence of a carbonyl moiety on the nitrogen atom of the proline.
Design of a static Fourier-transform spectrometer with increased field of view (1996)

We present several novel designs of static Fourier-transform spectrometers based on Wollaston prisms. By numerical modeling we show the increased field of view that can be obtained when an achromatic half-wave plate is included between the prisms or when prisms fabricated from positive and negative birefringent materials are combined. In addition, we model how a single Wollaston prism with an inclined optic axis produces a fringe plane localized behind its exit face, thus enabling the design of a static Fourier-transform spectrometer based on a single Wollaston prism.
Altered expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha -Induced Protein 3 correlates with disease severity in Ulcerative Colitis (2017)

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory disorder of the colon arises from dysregulated immune response towards gut microbes. Transcription factor NFκB is a major regulatory component influencing mucosal inflammation. We evaluated expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induced Protein3 (TNFAIP3), the inhibitor of NFκB activation and its associated partners ITCH, RNF11 and Tax1BP1 in inflamed mucosa of UC patients. We found highly significant up-regulated mRNA expression of TNFAIP3 that negatively correlated with disease activity in UC. mRNA levels of ITCH, RNF11 and Tax1BP1 were significantly down-regulated. Significant positive correlation with disease activity was noted for Tax1BP1. All four genes showed significant down-regulation at protein level. mRNA levels of inducers of TNFAIP3 expression, NFκB p65 subunit and MAST3 was determined. There was significant increase in p65 mRNA expression and down-regulated MAST3 expression. This suggested that increase in NFκB expression regulates TNFAIP3 levels. Deficiency of TNFAIP3 expression resulted in significant up-regulation of NFκB p65 sub-unit as well as its downstream genes such as iNOS, an inflammatory marker, inhibitors of apoptosis like cIAP2 and XIAP and mediators of anti-apoptotic signals TRAF1 and TRAF2. Taken together, decreased expression of TNFAIP3 and its partners contribute to inflammation and up-regulation of apoptosis inhibitors that may create microenvironment for colorectal cancer.
Intensive Mothering and the Unequal School-Search Burden (2021)

Expanded school-choice policies have weakened the traditional link between residence and school assignment. These policies have created new school options and new labor for families to manage and divide. Drawing on interviews with 90 mothers and 12 fathers of elementary-age children, I demonstrate that mothers across class, racial, and ethnic backgrounds absorb the labor of school decision-making. Working-class mothers emphasize self-sacrifice and search for schools that will keep their children safe. Middle-class mothers intensively research school information and seek niche school environments. Working-class and middle-class black and Latinx mothers engage in ongoing labor to monitor the racial climate within schools and to protect their children from experiences of marginalization. Partnered fathers and single primary-caregiver fathers invest less time and energy in the search for schools. These findings identify an important source of gender inequality stemming from modern educational policies and suggest new directions for research on school choice.
[Effect of Notch signaling on the activation of hepatic stellate cells]. (2012)

Notch signaling may participate in liver fibrogenesis by regulating HSC activation. Selective interruption of Notch3 may represent a new anti-fibrotic strategy to treat liver fibrosis.
Kinematically-stabilized microbubble actuator arrays (2005)

A mass-manufacturable endoskeletal micro bubble actuator has been developed and characterized. These pneumatically-actuated devices combine the desirable large deflections of balloon-type actuators with the preferentially-axial deflection of bellows type actuators to produce actuators capable of large deflections in axial directions. This kinematic stabilization is achieved by use of integrated "skeletons" - structures to support desired deflections and suppress unwanted deflections, which underlie the actuator "skin" - elastic structures to help the extended actuator recoil to its original shape. The actuators have been fabricated and characterized, as well as compared with pure-bubble actuators (skin only) and pure-bellows actuators (skeleton only) of the same materials and dimensions. Pure-bubble actuators demonstrated unwanted omni-directional inflation. Pure-bellows actuators demonstrated unstable and irreversible deformation during extension. In contrast, endoskeletal microbubble actuators of 2.6 mm diameter have achieved reversible axial extensions of approximately 0.9 mm.
Bulk Polymerisation or Copolymerisation in a Novel Continuous Kneader Reactor (2006)

Abstract A new type of kneader reactor is proposed for the continuous radical (co‐) polymerisation without solvent, based on the proven design of mature (kneader‐) dryer technology. The reactor has been developed to satisfy all major aspects required for (co‐) polymerisation while maintaining the safety and reliability of the previous mechanical design. The new kneader reactor offers a perfect combination of surface renewal and evaporative cooling to control temperature to high conversion (85 to 95%), even for bulk systems that have a strong gel effect (Trommsdorff's effect) and high exothermicity. The reactor can be tested batch‐wise to optimise the recipe, as shown in this work for bulk free radical polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA). A simulation program was correlated to the experimental batch data to determine the optimum concentrations of initiator and of chain transfer agent to target a given molecular weight of PMMA. Design of a continuous kneader reactor to optimise the conversion as a function of residence time, to eliminate foam formation, and to produce copolymers without composition drift, is also presented.
Clinical Pharmacology Training at the Food & Drug Administration (1992)

Challenged with the clearly demonstrated need for highly trained clinical pharmacologists for new drug development and review activities, the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) established an internal Staff College. This organizationally unique and innovative unit addressed the educational needs of both the new and the veteran CDER scientists. A multileveled strategy was conceptualized and implemented as described.
Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@Au core@shell nanoparticle–graphene nanocomposites as theranostic agents for bioimaging and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy (2015)

Graphene-based magnetic and plasmonic nanocomposites (DOX–rGO–Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@Au NPs) have been prepared for magnetic-field-assisted drug delivery and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy.
Renal TLR4 mRNA Expression Correlates with Inflammatory Marker MCP-1 and Profibrotic Molecule TGF-β<sub>1</sub> in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2011)

We show for the first time that renal TLR4 expression was significantly associated with the pro-inflammatory marker MCP-1 and the profibrotic molecule TGF-β₁ in kidney biopsies from patients with CKD, suggesting that increased expression of TLR4 is an important feature of CKD.
Arraying SH0 Lithium Niobate laterally vibrating resonators for mitigation of higher order spurious modes (2016)

This paper studies the origin of higher-order spurious modes in shear horizontal (SH0) mode Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs). Near-zero spurious mode response and a high figure of merit (FoM) of 154 have been achieved concurrently by arraying single resonators with only two electrodes at the orientation of 10° to -Y axis in the X-cut plane. The high FoM (154) results from a high electromechanical coupling (kt2) of 14.1% and quality factor (Q) of 1093. In contrast to a conventional resonator with multiple (> 2) interdigitated electrodes, the fabricated resonator array exhibits an unprecedented spectral range of spurious-free response, 320% centered about the resonance, thus further advancing the LiNbO3 LVR technology toward the wireless marketplace.
Editorial Commentary: Does Infection With Specific Clostridium difficile Strains or Clades Influence Clinical Outcome? (2013)

A number of DNA banding–based typing systems for classifying Clostridium difficile isolates have been devised including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) [1–4]. PCR ribotyping was developed in Wales and is commonly used in Europe, whereas REA and PFGE have been used more commonly in North America. In addition, toxinotyping, which is based on amplification of regions within the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) for toxins A and B, has been used to describe “toxin variant” strains whose PaLoc genes differ from the standard or toxinotype “0” PaLoc to which most PCR ribotypes, REA groups, and PFGE types belong [5]. The aforementioned DNA-banding typing systems are invaluable for discriminating isolates from each other, but do not provide meaningful evolutionary analyses. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), in which a selected number of housekeeping gene loci (7 in the case of C. difficile) are amplified and sequenced to yield sequence types (STs), can be used to group STs by evolutionary relationships into clades [6]. Members of a clade are considered to be derived from the same common ancestor and can be organized into evolutionary trees using phylogenetic or cladistic analyses. MLST classification of C. difficile clades agrees with previous classification based on DNA microarray comparative genomics and suggests that genotypes clustered by MLST may be an accurate proxy for whole-genome sequencing analysis [7]. STs correlate well with PCR ribotypes; however, as with toxinotyping, the vast majority of STs are clustered in a single clade, clade 1, with only 1 or 2 STs (ribotypes) in each of the remaining 4 clades (Table 1).
Using local wind information for gas distribution mapping in outdoor environments with a mobile robot (2009)

In this paper we introduce a statistical method to build two-dimensional gas distribution maps (Kernel DM+V/W algorithm). In addition to gas sensor measurements, the proposed method also takes into account wind information by modeling the information content of the gas sensor measurements as a bivariate Gaussian kernel whose shape depends on the measured wind vector. We evaluate the method based on real measurements in an outdoor environment obtained with a mobile robot that was equipped with gas sensors and an ultrasonic anemometer for wind measurements. As a measure of the model quality we compute how well unseen measurements are predicted in terms of the data likelihood. The initial results are encouraging and show a clear improvement of the proposed method compared to the case where wind is not considered.
The roles of injection and mobility in organic light emitting diodes (1998)

Numerical methods have been used to solve the bipolar current problem for a single emitting layer between electrodes with explicit injection characteristics. We consider ohmic and tunneling contacts at the anode and/or cathode for various ratios of hole to electron mobility. Diffusion is included and found to have minimal effect on the recombination efficiency. The recombination profile is dictated mainly by the ratio of mobilities, less so by contacts. Maximum efficiency is obtained for two ohmic contacts. When the injection is imbalanced, higher efficiencies are achieved when the majority carrier has the lower mobility. At sufficiently high voltages, the current tends towards balance, allowing for maximum efficiency.
The impact of contract duration on the cost of cash retention (2000)

Cash retention is a common means of protecting an employer from a contractor's insolvency as well as ensuring that contractors finish the work that they start. Similarly, contractors withhold part of payments due to their sub-contractors. Larger contracts tend to be subjected to smaller rates of retention. By calculating the cost of retention as an amount per year of a contract, it is shown that retention is far more expensive for firms whose work consists of short contracts. The extra cost is multiplied when the final payment is delayed, as it often is for those whose work takes place at the beginning of a project. This may explain why it is that main contractors are a lot less interested than sub-contractors in alternatives to cash retention, such as retention bonds
Ultraviolet-induced permanent Bragg gratings in cerium-doped ZBLAN glasses or optical fibers (1994)

A holographic method was used to write refractive-index gratings in ZBLAN fluoroziroconate glasses or fibers doped by a Ce concentration of 5000 or 10,000 parts-in-10(6) weight. Direct pumping of the (2)F(5/2)-5d transitions of Ce(3+) ions near 245 nm resulted in a change in the refractive index. The photoinduced change partly recovered on a time scale of several hours at room temperature. The remaining change in the refractive index looked stable on a time scale of a month. This permanent change reaches 2 x 10(-5) at 1560 nm.
Motion‐insensitive diffusion imaging of the brain using optical tracking and dynamic sequence updates (2021)

A correction scheme for the monopolar DWI sequence can reduce the motion sensitivity of brain DWI up to sevenfold compared with an implementation without intrasequence updates.