gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apparatus for the high temperature measurement of the Seebeck coefficient in thermoelectric materials (2012)

The Seebeck coefficient is a physical parameter routinely measured to identify the potential thermoelectric performance of a material. However, researchers employ a variety of techniques, conditions, and probe arrangements to measure the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in conflicting materials data. To compare and evaluate these methodologies, and to identify optimal Seebeck coefficient measurement protocols, we have developed an improved experimental apparatus to measure the Seebeck coefficient under multiple conditions and probe arrangements (300 K-1200 K). This paper will describe in detail the apparatus design and instrumentation, including a discussion of its capabilities and accuracy as measured through representative diagnostics. In addition, this paper will emphasize the techniques required to effectively manage uncertainty in high temperature Seebeck coefficient measurements.
An Automated Platform for Phytoplankton Ecology and Aquatic Ecosystem Monitoring (2011)

High quality monitoring data are vital for tracking and understanding the causes of ecosystem change. We present a potentially powerful approach for phytoplankton and aquatic ecosystem monitoring, based on integration of scanning flow-cytometry for the characterization and counting of algal cells with multiparametric vertical water profiling. This approach affords high-frequency data on phytoplankton abundance, functional traits and diversity, coupled with the characterization of environmental conditions for growth over the vertical structure of a deep water body. Data from a pilot study revealed effects of an environmental disturbance event on the phytoplankton community in Lake Lugano (Switzerland), characterized by a reduction in cytometry-based functional diversity and by a period of cyanobacterial dominance. These changes were missed by traditional limnological methods, employed in parallel to high-frequency monitoring. Modeling of phytoplankton functional diversity revealed the importance of integrated spatiotemporal data, including circadian time-lags and variability over the water column, to understand the drivers of diversity and dynamic processes. The approach described represents progress toward an automated and trait-based analysis of phytoplankton natural communities. Streamlining of high-frequency measurements may represent a resource for understanding, modeling and managing aquatic ecosystems under impact of environmental change, yielding insight into processes governing phytoplankton community resistance and resilience.
Embedded Delay-Doppler Channel Estimation for Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation (2018)

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation was shown to provide significant error performance advantages over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) over delay-Doppler channels. The channel impulse response is needed at the receiver to perform OTFS detection. In this work, we analyze OTFS-based channel estimation using a pilot symbol embedded in the data frame: the pilot symbol with a number of guard zero-symbols is suitably located on the delay-Doppler grid containing the information symbols. Different symbol arrangements are proposed depending on whether the channel has integer or fractional Doppler paths relative to an integer grid. The channel information is first estimated from a group of received symbols using a simple threshold method. The estimated information is then used for data detection within the same frame, via a message passing (MP) algorithm. Numerical results compare the error performance of the proposed schemes and the OTFS scheme with ideal channel estimation under similar spectral and energy efficiency. Moreover, our results show that OTFS with non-ideal channel estimation can still outperform OFDM with ideal channel estimation.
Aggregation Behavior of Halogenated Squaraine Dyes in Buffer, Electrolytes, Organized Media, and DNA (2002)

Aggregation properties of bis(3,5-dibromo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine (1) and bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine (2) have been examined in buffer and in the presence of electrolytes, β-cyclodextrin, micelles and DNA. These dyes were found to form aggregates in buffer and methanol−water solutions that have absorption bands blue-shifted to those of the monomeric forms. The iodo derivative 2 forms aggregates at much lower concentrations (1.7 × 10-6 M) compared to the bromo derivative 1 (2.35 × 10-6 M) in 20% (vol/vol) methanol−buffer solution. Increase in methanol concentration in methanol−water solutions resulted in the disruption of the aggregates. The intermediate dimer in the monomer to aggregate conversion process can be detected under specified conditions. The entropy and the standard free energy for the dimer formation in the case of 1 are found to be −16.12 eu and 7.46 k cal mol-1, respectively. Addition of electrolytes (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl) and calf thymus DNA resulted in the enhancement of aggregate formation, whereas the monomer gets stabilized for several hours in the presence of microheterogeneous media such as β-cyclodextrin and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. These results reveal that face-to-face stacking followed by hydrogen bonding interactions between the chromophoric units are the major driving force for the formation of sandwich (H-type) aggregates. These dyes exhibit favorable photophysical properties and can be applied into the tissues using carrier systems in which they do not form aggregates and hence can have potential use as sensitizers in photodynamic therapeutical applications.
Anti inflammatory action of cobra(Naja naja)venom (2000)

ORJECTIVE:To observe the antiinflammatory action of cobra(Naja naja)venom.METHODS:Cobra venom was administered subcutaneously at doses of 2μg/kg,10μg/kg and 50μg/kg for 20 days after Freund complete adjuvant infection and intragastrically at dose of 25mg/kg for 7 days after cotton pellets planted in rats.RESULTS:Cobra venom had no effect on the edema induced by adjuvant,but inhibited markedly granuloma information caused by cotton pellets in rats.CONCLUSION:Cobra venom may be effective on synovitis.
Adaptively-Secure, Non-Interactive Public-Key Encryption. (2004)

Abstract. Adaptively-secure encryption schemes ensure secrecy even in the presence of an adversary who can corrupt parties in an adaptive manner based on public keys, ciphertexts, and secret data of alreadycorrupted parties. Ideally, an adaptively-secure encryption scheme should, like standard public-key encryption, allow arbitrarily-many parties to use a single encryption key to securely encrypt arbitrarily-many messages to a given receiver who maintains only a single short decryption key. However, it is known that these requirements are impossible to achieve: no non-interactive encryption scheme that supports encryption of an unbounded number of messages and uses a single, unchanging decryption key can be adaptively secure. Impossibility holds even if secure data erasure is possible. We show that this limitation can be overcome by updating the decryption key over time and making some mild assumptions about the frequency of communication between parties. Using this approach, we construct adaptively-secure, completely non-interactive encryption schemes supporting secure encryption of arbitrarily-many messages from arbitrarilymany senders. Our schemes additionally provide forward security and security against chosen-ciphertext attacks. 1
Robust One Shot Audio to Video Generation (2020)

Audio to Video generation is an interesting problem that has numerous applications across industry verticals including film making, multi-media, marketing, education and others. High-quality video generation with expressive facial movements is a challenging problem that involves complex learning steps for generative adversarial networks. Further, enabling one-shot learning for an unseen single image increases the complexity of the problem while simultaneously making it more applicable to practical scenarios.In the paper, we propose a novel approach OneShotA2V to synthesize a talking person video of arbitrary length using as input: an audio signal and a single unseen image of a person. OneShotA2V leverages curriculum learning to learn movements of expressive facial components and hence generates a high-quality talking head video of the given person.Further, it feeds the features generated from the audio input directly into a generative adversarial network and it adapts to any given unseen selfie by applying few-shot learning with only a few output updation epochs. OneShotA2V leverages spatially adaptive normalization based multi-level generator and multiple multi-level discriminators based architecture. The input audio clip is not restricted to any specific language, which gives the method multilingual applicability. Experimental evaluation demonstrates superior performance of OneShotA2V as compared to Realistic Speech-Driven Facial Animation with GANs(RSDGAN) [43], Speech2Vid [8], and other approaches, on multiple quantitative metrics including: SSIM (structural similarity index), PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) and CPBD (image sharpness). Further, qualitative evaluation and Online Turing tests demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Developmental Changes in the Composition of Beagle Dog Milk (1981)

SUMMARY The concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, calcium, magnesium, protein, carbohydrate, and fat were analyzed in dog milk during the first 45 days of lactation. The concentration of iron decreased significantly from 13 μg/ml on day 0 to 6 μg/ml. Zinc concentration decreased only slightly from 9.6 μg/ml to 8.7 μg/ml. Calcium concentration increased significantly during early lactation, from 1,366 μg/ml to 1,757 μg/ml on day 10, but changed little thereafter. Protein concentration increased throughout lactation, from 4.3% early in lactation to 6.3% late in lactation. Fat concentration increased from 2.4% to 4.5% in early lactation, and then decreased to 2.7% in late lactation. The concentrations of copper, manganese, magnesium, and carbohydrate did not show strong developmental patterns; average values were 1.8 μg/ml, 0.14 μg/ml, 59 μg/ml, and 4.5%, respectively, throughout lactation. These data indicated that the nutrient intake of the pup changed markedly during the early neonatal period and that these changes should be taken into account in evaluating studies of suckling dogs.
The blood‐testis barrier and sertoli cell junctions: Structural considerations (1992)

In this review, a few well-established axioms have been challenged while others were viewed from a new perspective. The extensive literature on the blood-testis barrier has been scrutinized to help probe its mechanics and hopefully to promote understanding of the constant adaptation of the barrier function to germ cell development. Our principal conclusions are as follows: (1) Although the barrier zonule is topographically located at the base of the seminiferous epithelium it actually encircles the apex of the Sertoli cell. Consequently the long irregular processes specialized in holding and shaping the developing germ cells should be considered as apical appendages analogous to microvilli. (2) The development of the barrier zonule does not coincide with the appearance of a particular class of germ cells. (3) The barrier compartmentalizes the epithelium into only two cellular compartments: basal and lumenal. (4) Although the blood-testis barrier does sequester germ cells usually considered antigenic, immunoregulator factors other than the physical barrier seem to be involved in preventing autoimmune orchitis. (5) Structurally, a Sertoli cell junctional complex is composed of occluding, gap, close, and adhering junctions. The Sertoli cell membrane segments facing germ cells are presumably included in the continuum of the Sertoli cell junctional complex that extends all over the lateral and apical Sertoli cell membranes. (6) The modulation (i.e., formation and dismantling) of the junctions in a baso-apical direction is characteristic of the seminiferous epithelium and may be dictated by germ cell differentiation. The formation of tubulobulbar complexes and the following internalization of junction vesicles conceivably represent sequential steps of a single intricate junction elimination process that involves junction membrane segments from different cell types as part of a continual cell membrane recycling system. (7) The preferential association of junctional particles with one or the other fracture-face reflect a response to various stimuli including seasonal breeding. Changes in the affinity of the particles are generally coincidental with cytoskeletal changes. However, changes in the cytoskeleton are not necessarily accompanied by permeability changes. The number of strands seems to reflect neither the junctional permeability nor the transepithelial resistance. The diverse orientation of the strands seems to be related to the plasticity of the Sertoli cell occluding zonule. (8) Cooperation between all constituents (Sertoli cells, myoid cells, cell substratum, and germ cells) of the epithelium seems essential for the barrier zonule to function in synchrony with the germ cell differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Distributed Singlehop-Multihop Switch(DSMS) Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Wireless sensor n¿etworks (WSNs) constitute numerous microsensors that are energy limited. How to design the routing protocol to use energy with high efficiency is one of the most critical issues. In this paper, we propose a distributed singlehop-multihop switch (DSMS) routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The main idea of DSMS is that the sensor area is divided into several rings of the same width and the nodes in the inner rings only bear forwarding task for certain percentage of network lifetime in order to guarantee energy balance. The advantage of DSMS is that the energy variance of nodes maintains at a rather low level during the network lifetime, which mean that the energy consumption is fairly balanced. The simulation results show that DSMS routing protocol could also extend network lifetime longer than either single-hop or multi-hop mode. DSMS routing protocol also has good scalability.
Ambient synthesis of nanomaterials by <i>in situ</i> heterogeneous metal/ligand reactions (2019)

Coordination polymers are ideal synthons in creating high aspect ratio nanostructures, however, conventional synthetic methods are often restricted to batch-wise and costly processes. Herein, we demonstrate a non-traditional, frugal approach to synthesize 1D coordination polymers by in situ etching of zerovalent metal particle precursors. This procedure is denoted as the heterogeneous metal/ligand reaction and was demonstrated on Group 13 metals as a proof of concept. Simple carboxylic acids supply the etchant protons and ligands for metal ions (conjugate base) in a 1 : 1 ratio. This scalable reaction produces a 1D polymer that assembles into high-aspect ratio 'nanobeams'. We demonstrate control over crystal structure and morphology by tuning the: (i) metal center, (ii) stoichiometry and (iii) structure of the ligands. This work presents a general scalable method for continuous, heat free and water-based coordination polymer synthesis.
Conclusion (1986)

This book concludes with the events that occurred nearly a hundred years before the Declaration of Independence, redcoats in a colony were viewed by Americans as the arm of a repressive authority. It was in 1677 that Colonel Herbert Jeffreys implanted this perception by leading more than a thousand British soldiers into Virginia to restore royal authority in the wake of Bacon's Rebellion. “This extraordinary show of force,” as Wesley F. Craven has called it, could have been viewed by the many former adherents of Bacon only as a manifestation of the iron fist. Thereafter in America, redcoats represented authority—and distant authority at that. Every colonist, whatever his political stance, understood that the king's forces were there to prevent civil insurrection.
Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil (2021)

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm<sup>3</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm<sup>3</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.
Composition of the Essential Oils of Turkish <i>Origanum</i> Species with Commercial Importance (1993)

ABSTRACT In Turkey Origanum is represented by 23 species comprising 31 taxa. Commercially important Origanum species include O. onites, O. majorana, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare and O. syriacum. These species are annually exported in quantities exceeding 4,000 tons. GC and GC/MS profiles of the essential oils of the above mentioned Origanum species are presented in a comparative manner. Oils from O. vulgare subsp. hirtum were found to contain carvacrol (23.4–78.7%) and thymol (0.01–39.8%), while O. syriacum var. bevanii contained carvacrol (42.5%) and thymol (24.8%). Oils from O. majorana and O. minutiflorum appeared to be more stable in carvacrol, containing 78.3–79.5% and 75.1–83.6% respectively. Two chemotypes of O. onites were found: a carvacrol-type (carvacrol (66.5–80.4%)) and a linalool-type (linalool (90.0–91.9%)).
Endothelin receptor antagonist combined with a calcium channel blocker attenuates renal injury in spontaneous hypertensive rats with diabetes. (2002)

Bosentan combined with amlodipine can offer similar renoprotective effects on that of cilazapril and may be a potent therapy to attenuate renal injury by reducing renal protein levels of TGF-beta1 in diabetes with a hypertensive state.
Randomized phase II study of nalicap (nal-IRI/capecitabine) compared to NAPOLI (nal-IRI/5-FU/LV) in gemcitabine-pretreated advanced pancreatic cancer: Trial-in-progress. (2022)

TPS621 Background: Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (LV), called the NAPOLI regimen, improves survival in advanced pancreatic cancer patients who failed gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (Wang-Gillam A et al. 2016). Capecitabine is an oral anti-cancer agent as the prodrug of 5-FU. Capecitabine has proven its efficacy in gastrointestinal cancers like stomach cancer, colon cancer, or pancreatic cancer. Replacing continuous 5-FU infusions with oral capecitabine with equivalent efficacy has been tested and is now widely used. However, in pancreatic cancer, replacing continuous infusion of 5-FU with an oral drug has not yet been tested. Therefore, this trial is being conducted with the aim of improving patient convenience while maintaining efficacy, when the continuous infusion of 5-FU/LV in NAPOLI (nal-IRI/5-FU/LV) regimen are replaced with oral capecitabine. This study is a two-arm, open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 2 trial to assess whether capecitabine plus nal-IRI combination treatment (NaliCap) is non-inferior to NAPOLI regimen in gemcitabine-pretreated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Eligible patients have histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma who have failed to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. This trial is composed of two parts: safety lead-in-part and randomization part. NaliCap regimen consists of administration of capecitabine twice daily for day 1-14 and intravenous administration of nal-IRI for day 1 every 3weeks. To figure out recommended phase 2 dose of the NaliCap combination regimen, the safety lead-in-part is being conducted as a 3+3 design. In the randomization part, patients will be assigned to NAPOLI or NaliCap in a 1:1 ratio. The planned enrollment is 184 patients in the randomization part. Patients allocated to the NaliCap group will receive recommended phase 2 dose of NaliCap determined through the safety lead-in-part. Patients allocated with the NAPOLI group will receive nal-IRI 70mg/m 2 intravenously day 1, LV 400mg/m 2 IV day 1, and continuous 5-FU 2400mg/m 2 infusion over 48hours every 2weeks. Response assessments are performed every 6 weeks using the RECIST criteria version 1.1 (every 2 cycles in the NaliCap group and every 3 cycles in the NAPOLI group). The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, with a non-inferior margin of the hazard ratio of 1.4. Key secondary endpoints are overall response rate, disease control rate, overall survival, safety, and quality of life. This study is prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04371224. Clinical trial information: NCT04371224.
An Integrative and Discriminative Technique for Spoken Utterance Classification (2008)

Traditional methods of spoken utterance classification (SUC) adopt two independently trained phases. In the first phase, an automatic speech recognition (ASR) module returns the most likely sentence for the observed acoustic signal. In the second phase, a semantic classifier transforms the resulting sentence into the most likely semantic class. Since the two phases are isolated from each other, such traditional SUC systems are suboptimal. In this paper, we present a novel integrative and discriminative learning technique for SUC to alleviate this problem, and thereby, reduce the semantic classification error rate (CER). Our approach revolves around the effective use of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -best lists generated by the ASR module to reduce semantic classification errors. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -best list sentences are first rescored using all the available knowledge sources. Then, the sentence that is most likely to helps reduce the CER are extracted from the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -best lists as well as those sentences that are most likely to increase the CER. These sentences are used to discriminatively train the language and semantic-classifier models to minimize the overall semantic CER. Our experiments resulted in a reduction of CER from its initial value of 4.92% to 4.04% in the standard ATIS task.