gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural and synthetic modulators of SK (K<sub>ca</sub>2) potassium channels inhibit magnesium‐dependent activity of the kinase‐coupled cation channel TRPM7 (2012)

This study reveals a tight overlap in the pharmacological profiles of TRPM7 and K(Ca)2.1-2.3 channels. NS8593 acts as a negative gating modulator of TRPM7 and is well-suited to study functional features and cellular roles of endogenous TRPM7.
Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (2007)

Introduction to biotechnology and genetic engineering , Introduction to biotechnology and genetic engineering , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Moment-to-Moment Detection of Internal Thought during Video Viewing from Eye Vergence Behavior (2019)

Internal thought refers to the process of directing attention away from a primary visual task to internal cognitive processing. It is pervasive and closely related to primary task performance. As such, automatic detection of internal thought has significant potential for user modeling in human-computer interaction and multimedia applications. Despite the close link between the eyes and the human mind, only few studies have investigated vergence behavior during internal thought and none has studied moment-to-moment detection of internal thought from gaze. While prior studies relied on long-term data analysis and required a large number of gaze characteristics, we describe a novel method that is user-independent, computationally light-weight and only requires eye vergence information readily available from binocular eye trackers. We further propose a novel paradigm to obtain ground truth internal thought annotations by exploiting human blur perception. We evaluated our method during natural viewing of lecture videos and achieved a 12.1% improvement over the state of the art. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of vergence-based detection of internal thought and, as such, open new research directions for attention-aware interfaces.
Concise encyclopedia of composite materials (1995)

Aircraft and aerospace applications of composites. Applications of composites: an overview. Artificial bone. Asbestos fibers. Automobile tires. Automobile components: fabrication. Boron fibers. Carbon-carbon composites. Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics. Carbon fibers. Composite armor. Continuous-filament glass fibers. Creep of composites. Dental composites. Failure of composites: stress concentrations, cracks and notches. Fatigue of composites. Fiber-reinforced cements. Fiber-reinforced ceramics. Fiber-reinforced polymer systems: extrusion. Fibers and textiles: an overview. Fibrous composites: thermomechanical properties. Friction and wear applications of composites. Glass-reinforced plastics: thermoplastic resins. Glass-reinforced plastics: thermosetting resins. Halpin-Tsai equations. Helicopter applications of composites. High-modulus high-strength organic fibers. High-performance composites with thermoplastic matrices. Hybrid fiber-resin composites. In situ composites: fabrication. In situ polymer composites. Joining of composites. Kirchhoff assumption (Kirchhoff hypothesis). Laminates: elastic properties. Long-term degradation of polymer-matrix composites. Manufacturing methods for composites: an overview. Metal-matrix composites. Molded fiber products. Multiaxial stress failure. Multilayers, metallic. Multiple fracture. Nanocomposites. Natural composites. Natural-fiber-based composites. Nondestructive evaluation of composites. Nonmechanical properties of composites. Oxide inorganic fibers. Paper and paperboard. Particulate composites. Percolation theory. Plywood. Polymer-polymer composites. Recycling of polymer-matrix composites. Silicon carbide fibers. Silicon nitride fibers. Smart composite materials systems. Solid fiber composites as biomedical materials. Strength of composites. Strength of composites: statistical theories. Structure performance maps. Thermosetting resin matrices. Three-dimensional fabrics for composites. Toughness of fibrous composites. Whiskers. Wood-polymer composites. Wood strength. Woven-fabric composites: properties
Electrochromic coloration efficiency of a-WO3−y thin films as a function of oxygen deficiency (1999)

We report on how electrochromic coloration is affected by oxygen deficient stoichiometries in sputtered amorphous tungsten oxide (a-WO3−y) films. The electrochromic coloration efficiency increases with increasing oxygen deficiency in (a-WO3−y) films. No coloration is observed in nearly stoichiometric WO3 films. Raman spectroscopic studies reveal that the number of W5+ states generated with lithium insertion increases with the oxygen deficiency. Furthermore, there are no Raman peaks resulting from W5+ states in lithiated a-WO3−y films with near perfect stoichiometry, which is consistent with the absence of electrochromic coloration in those films. We conclude that the coloration efficiency of a-WO3−y films depends on the number of the W5+ states generated by lithium insertion and that the oxygen deficiency plays an important role in generating the W5+ states with lithium insertion.
Curved Biopsy Needle for Stereotactic Surgery: A Technical Note (1984)

Needle brain biopsy and aspiration is an important technique for the diagnosis of tumors and for the evacuation of fluid collections. Current biopsy methods use a straight needle, which has the disadvantage of requiring multiple passes through the overlying brain to obtain multiple biopsies. Furthermore, a straight needle does not give optimal samples of tumor for diagnosis because the needle passes through the viable rim of the tumor instead of along it. We are reporting a curved plastic biopsy needle suitable for computed tomography-guided biopsy. It remains inside an outer guide catheter that holds it straight until it reaches the edge of the tissue to be biopsied. At this point, the needle is advanced beyond the guide catheter and obtains the biopsy sample by passing around the edge of a tumor. This can in principle produce an improvement in diagnostic yield. Furthermore, multiple biopsies of the tumor from a single guide catheter position are possible. The surgeon rotates the curved needle within its guide catheter to redirect it before the needle emerges, and a different biopsy is then obtained without reinsertion. This avoids multiple punctures of the overlying uninvolved tissue. We are reporting the technique and beginning an evaluation of it.
Identification of Extracytoplasmic Proteins in <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> Using Phage Display (2003)

A novel gene bank of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110spc4 was constructed using pG3DSS, a phagemid vector designed for detecting genes encoding secreted proteins. In this phagemid, the phage protein III lacks its indigenous signal peptide required for protein secretion, thus recombinant fusion proteins are displayed on the phage surface only if a functional signal peptide is provided by an inserted DNA fragment. In addition, the N-terminal half of protein III has been replaced by a short linker region (the E-tag) that is recognized by a monoclonal antibody, which enables isolation of phages displaying a fusion protein. The expression library described here, therefore, provides a powerful means to affinity select for B. japonicum genes encoding extracytoplasmic proteins. In total, 182 DNA sequences were analyzed, among which 132 different putative extracytoplasmic proteins could be identified. The function of most proteins could be predicted and support an extracytoplasmic localization. In addition, genes encoding novel extracytoplasmic proteins were found. In particular, a novel family of small proteins has been identified that is characterized by a conserved pattern of four cysteine residues.
Image artifacts in Single Molecule Localization Microscopy: why optimization of sample preparation protocols matters (2015)

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) techniques allow for sub-diffraction imaging with spatial resolutions better than 10 nm reported. Much has been discussed relating to different variations of SMLM and all-inclusive microscopes can now be purchased, removing the need for in-house software or hardware development. However, little discussion has occurred examining the reliability and quality of the images being produced, as well as the potential for overlooked preparative artifacts. As a result of the up to an order-of-magnitude improvement in spatial resolution, substantially more detail is observed, including changes in distribution and ultrastructure caused by the many steps required to fix, permeabilize, and stain a sample. Here we systematically investigate many of these steps including different fixatives, fixative concentration, permeabilization concentration and timing, antibody concentration, and buffering. We present three well-optimized fixation protocols for staining microtubules, mitochondria and actin in a mammalian cell line and then discuss various artifacts in relation to images obtained from samples prepared using the protocols. The potential for such errors to go undetected in SMLM images and the complications in defining a 'good' image using previous parameters applied to confocal microscopy are also discussed.
Corticosteroid-related central nervous system side effects (2013)

Corticosteroids have been used since the 50s as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of several pathologies such as asthma, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatological disorders. Corticosteroids have three principal mechanisms of action: 1) inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory proteins blocking NF-kB, 2) induce the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins by IkB and MAPK phosphatase I, and 3) inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2. The efficacy of glucocorticoids in alleviating inflammatory disorders results from the pleiotropic effects of the glucocorticoid receptors on multiple signaling pathways. However, they have adverse effects: Growth retardation in children, immunosuppression, hypertension, hyperglycemia, inhibition of wound repair, osteoporosis, metabolic disturbances, glaucoma, and cataracts. Less is known about psychiatric or side effects on central nervous system, as catatonia, decreased concentration, agitation, insomnia, and abnormal behaviors, which are also often underestimated in clinical practice. The aim of this review is to highlight the correlation between the administration of corticosteroids and CNS adverse effects, giving a useful guide for prescribers including a more careful assessment of risk factors and encourage the use of safer doses of this class of drugs.
Influence of Dosage, Age, and Co-medication on Plasma Topiramate Concentrations in Children and Adults with Severe Epilepsy and Preliminary Observations on Correlations with Clinical Response (2003)

The influence of dosage, age, and co-medication on plasma topiramate (TPM) concentrations at steady state was investigated in 51 patients aged 3 to 30 years. All patients had chronic active epilepsy, and most were receiving concomitant medication with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (carbamazepine and phenobarbital). Plasma TPM concentrations were determined by a specific immunoassay in samples obtained before the morning dose. Thirty-five patients could be evaluated prospectively at different dose levels, and the relationship between plasma TPM concentration and dosage was linear over the assessed dose range (1.8 to 10.0 mg/kg) both in adults and in children. The influence of age on pharmacokinetic parameters could be assessed only for the 42 patients co-medicated with enzyme inducers. In these patients dose-normalized plasma TPM concentrations correlated positively with age (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001), where apparent oral clearance values (CL/F) were inversely related to age (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001). In particular, CL/F values in children aged less than 10 years (112 +/- 82 mL/kg/h, mean +/- SD, n = 14) were almost three times as high as those observed in patients aged >15 to 30 years (42 +/- 16 mL/kg/h, n = 17), whereas the CL/F value in children aged 10 to 15 years (66 +/- 22 mL/kg/h, n = 11) was intermediate between those found in the two other age groups. Patients not receiving enzyme-inducing AEDs showed lower CL/F values than did age- and gender-matched patients on enzyme-inducing co-medication. A preliminary evaluation of the relationship between plasma TPM concentration and therapeutic response could be made in 41 patients. No significant difference in drug concentration was detected between patients showing a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency compared with baseline (5.9 +/- 2.2 micrograms/mL, n = 30) and those having no clinical improvement (5.2 +/- 2.2 micrograms/mL, n = 11). Likewise, there was no consistent relationship between plasma TPM concentration and appearance of adverse effects. These results indicate that plasma TPM concentrations are linearly related to dosage both in adults and in children and that children aged <10 years require much greater body weight-adjusted dosage to achieve drug levels comparable to those observed in young adults. The marked increase in TPM clearance caused by enzyme-inducing co-medication was confirmed.
Unmet needs for healthcare (2023)

In 1998/99, about 7% of Canadian adults, an estimated 1.5 million, reported having had unmet health care needs in the previous year. Around half of these episodes were attributable to acceptability problems such as being too busy. In 39% of cases, service availability problems, such as long waiting times, were mentioned. Just under 13% of episodes were related to accessibility problems (cost or transportation). Unmet needs attributable to service availability problems were not significantly associated with socio-economic status. By contrast, unmet needs due to accessibility problems were inversely associated with household income.
Modification of Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) with Biobased 1,5-Pentanediol: Significantly Toughened Copolyesters Retaining High Tensile Strength and O<sub>2</sub> Barrier Property (2018)

Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) is a biobased polyester characterized by high gas barrier properties as well as high tensile modulus and strength, but poor toughness. Toughening PEF without sacrificing its modulus, strength and gas barrier performance is a great challenge for PEF modification. In this study, high molecular weight random poly(ethylene- co-1,5-pentylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)s (PEPeFs) were synthesized via melt copolycondensation of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,5-pentanediol (PeDO), a cheap, biobased and commercially available odd-carbon comonomer. The synthesized PEPeFs were characterized and assessed with intrinsic viscosity, ATR-FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, DSC, TGA and tensile, impact and O<sub>2</sub> permeation test. Mayo-Lewis equation with "reactivity ratio" of 3.78 for PeDO and 0.75 for EG could be used as an empirical equation to correlate the copolyester composition (ϕ<sub>PeF</sub>) with monomer composition. PEPeFs proved nearly amorphous copolyesters having excellent thermal stability. Brittle-ductile transition was achieved at ϕ<sub>PeF</sub> as low as 9 mol %. Increasing ϕ<sub>PeF</sub> led to increase in elongation at break and notch impact strength and decrease in T<sub>g</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> barrier performance and tensile modulus and strength. However, in comparison with PEF, PEF-rich PEPeFs (ϕ<sub>PeF</sub> 9-47%) not only showed greatly improved elongation at break (29-265% vs 4%) and enhanced impact strength (2.2-3.9 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>) but also retained very high Young's modulus (2.8-3.3 vs 3.3 GPa) and yielding strength (72-83 vs 82 MPa). Particularly, when compared with bottle-grade PET, PE<sub>82</sub>Pe<sub>18</sub>F possesses equal T<sub>g</sub> (ca. 75 °C) and comparable elongation at break (ca. 115%), but greatly improved yielding strength (83 MPa) and O<sub>2</sub> gas barrier property (4.8 times). As modified PEF materials possessing superior thermo-mechanical and O<sub>2</sub> gas barrier properties, these integrally biobased copolyesters may find practical applications in eco-packaging and other fields.
Acclimation to Chronic Constant-Rate Peripheral Stimulation Provided by a Vestibular Prosthesis (2006)

We are developing two types of vestibular prosthetics that electrically stimulate afferent neurons. One type replaces absent sensory function by providing stimulation that modulates above and below a baseline established with the head stationary. The other type provides constant stimulation and is turned on only when necessary, for example, to override unnatural variations like those experienced by patients suffering from MÉniÈre's syndrome; this prosthesis does not provide motion information. Both prostheses require neural plasticity, which we investigated by providing chronic constant-rate stimulation to semicircular canal neurons in three guinea pigs. The stimulation was alternately switched on or off for eight consecutive weeks before being switched daily. A brisk horizontal nystagmus was measured when the stimulation was first turned on and then dissipated over the course of a day. The nystagmus demonstrated an after-effect in the opposite direction when the stimulation was turned off. The nystagmus that we measured after just a few (2 to 5) off-to-on transitions returned to baseline more rapidly than when first turned on. In fact, after many such off-to-on or on-to-off transitions, little nystagmus was evoked by turning the stimulation on or off. These findings show that the brain acclimates to constant-rate stimulation.
Kinematic Design Optimization of an Actuated Carrier for the DLR Multi-Arm Surgical System (2006)

In this paper, a generic approach to optimize the design of an actuated carrier for the DLR multi-arm surgical system is presented. The carrier is attached to the ceiling of the operating room and provides additional degrees of freedom to the surgical robots with the purpose of automatic, optimal positioning of their bases as well as guaranteeing high stiffness. Standard workspaces of minimally invasive as well as open surgical procedures are considered and optimization criteria are derived. The minimum necessary degrees of freedom of the carrier are obtained as well as the optimal segment dimensions by use of an optimization with genetic algorithms
Clinical Features of Influenza C Virus Infection in Children (2006)

Influenza C virus is a significant cause of upper-respiratory-tract illness in children < 6 years old, and the risk of complications with lower-respiratory-tract illness is particularly high in children < 2 years old.
Synthesis and characterisation of photonic crystals (2001)

The formation of two types of photonic crystal is described. Normal opal is formed by close packing of silica spheres. The synthesis of the silica spheres is described and some of the factors that influence the size of the spheres in the product are discussed. Three different methods for the preparation of close packed arrangements of the spheres are described and the photonic properties of the crystals produced are demonstrated. Inverse opal is based on a close packed array of “air” spheres in a dielectric matrix. Different methods for the formation of this ordered microporous solid based on titanium dioxide are described and the photonic properties of this material are discussed.
Gradient preserving RGB-to-gray conversion using random forest (2015)

This paper proposes a new algorithm for color-to-gray conversion preserving the gradient information in input color image. To preserve the gradient in a color image, we construct a random forest representing the relation between color intensity and gradient in an input image. The leaf nodes of random trees indicate the gray colors (single channel colors) corresponding to the input RGB colored pixels. From these initial gray colors obtained by the random forest, we determine the final gray scale by keeping the balance between intensity and luminance channels. In our experiments, we show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-arts in view of color constrast preserving ratio and mean squared error versus luminance.
Sensitivity analysis for Bayesian hierarchical models (2013)

Prior sensitivity examination plays an important role in applied Bayesian analyses.This is especially true for Bayesian hierarchical models, where interpretability of the parameters within deeper layers in the hierarchy becomes challenging.In addition, lack of information together with identifiability issues may imply that the prior distributions for such models have an undesired influence on the posterior inference.Despite its importance, informal approaches to prior sensitivity analysis are currently used.They require repetitive re-fits of the model with ad-hoc modified base prior parameter values.Other formal approaches to prior sensitivity analysis suffer from a lack of popularity in practice, mainly due to their high computational cost and absence of software implementation.We propose a novel formal approach to prior sensitivity analysis, which is fast and accurate.It quantifies sensitivity without the need for a model re-fit.Through a series of examples we show how our approach can be used to detect high prior sensitivities of some parameters as well as identifiability issues in possibly over-parametrized Bayesian hierarchical models.
MiR-125b regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting Sema4C in paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells (2014)

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNA) play a critical role in chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of chemotherapy-mediated EMT has not been fully understood. To address this concern, we explored the role of miR-125b in regulation of EMT in stable paclitaxel-resistant (PR) breast cancer cells, namely MCF-7 PR and SKBR3 PR, which have displayed mesenchymal features. Our results illustrated that miR-125b was significantly downregulated in PR cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-125b by its mimics reversed the phenotype of EMT in PR cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-125b governed PR-mediate EMT partly due to governing its target Sema4C. More importantly, overexpression of miR-125b or depletion of Sema4C sensitized PR cells to paclitaxel. These findings suggest that up-regulation of miR-125b or targeting Sema4C could serve as novel approaches to reverse chemotherapy resistance in breast cancers.
Detection and protection against unwanted small UAVs (2022)

The market for small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is growing fast. Based on increasing reliability, accessibility and decreasing operational restraints these systems become more and more used in different areas of application. Besides the benefits of this development, an increasing number of more or less hazardous incidents with small UAVs can be noticed. Accidents or the misuse of these technologies do lead to dangerous situations – from simple mishaps over illegal activities like spying or drug transportation up to the possibilities of terroristic actions. To deal with this development a concept of a new Low Altitude Air Surveillance Control (LASC) system is developed. Based on heterogeneous, distributed multi-sensor networks embedded into a capable and application oriented modular, adaptable and scalable backend system, the LASC concept addresses detection, localization, tracking and classification or identification of small UAVs providing interactive threat and risk assessment as well as suggestions for adequate counter measures.