gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Microcavity Polaritons in a Trap (2007)

We have created polaritons in a harmonic potential trap analogous to atoms in optical traps. The trap can be loaded by creating polaritons 50 micrometers from its center that are allowed to drift into the trap. When the density of polaritons exceeds a critical threshold, we observe a number of signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation: spectral and spatial narrowing, a peak at zero momentum in the momentum distribution, first-order coherence, and spontaneous linear polarization of the light emission. The polaritons, which are eigenstates of the light-matter system in a microcavity, remain in the strong coupling regime while going through this dynamical phase transition.
Virtual-OCT: A simulated optical coherence tomography instrument (2014)

We report the virtual instrumentation of both time-domain (TD) and spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. With a virtual partial coherence source from either a simulated or measured spectrum, the OCT signals of both A-scan and B-scan were demonstrated. The spectrometric detector's pixel number, dynamic range, noise, as well as spectral resolution can be simulated in the virtual spectral domain (SD-OCT). The virtual-OCT system provides an environment for parameter evaluation and algorithm optimization for experimental OCT instrumentation, and promotes the understanding of OCT imaging and signal post-processing processes.
Investigation of high-efficiency surface-emitting lasers with blazed grating outcouplers (1996)

Grating outcouplers for use in grating coupled surface emitting semiconductor lasers were investigated. For this purpose, horizontal cavity InGaAs-AlGaAs laser oscillators, each integrated with one detuned grating outcoupler, were fabricated using electron beam lithography and chemically assisted ion beam etching. Outcouplers with gratings of both rectangular and blazed profile as well as of different toothwidth-to-period ratios were fabricated and evaluated. Superior differential quantum and surface emission efficiencies of 56% and 84%, respectively, were measured for lasers with optimized blazed outcouplers. This shows that efficiencies comparable to those of conventional edge emitting lasers can be achieved. The measured surface emission efficiencies were also compared with predictions from a theoretical grating analysis.
Personal control of privacy and data: Estonian experience (2017)

The Republic of Estonia leads Europe in the provision of public digital services. The national communications and transactions platform allows for twenty-first century governance by allowing for transparency, e-safety (inter alia privacy), e-security, entrepreneurship and, among other things, rising levels of prosperity, and well-being for all its Citizens. However, a series of Information Infrastructure attacks against the Estonian e-society infrastructure in 2007 became one of best known incidents and experiences that fundamentally changed both Estonian and international discussions about Cyber Security and Privacy. Estonian experience shows that an open and transparent attitude provides a good foundation for trust between the Citizen and the State, and gives more control to the real owner of the data - the Citizen. Another important lesson is that the Citizen needs to be confident in the government's ability to keep their data safe -- in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability - establishing a strong link between privacy and information security. This paper discusses certain critical choices, context, and events connected to the birth and growth of the Estonian e-society in terms of Privacy.
Planetary Motion and the Duality of Force Laws (2000)

Trajectories of Hooke's law in the complex plane, which are conic sections, are mapped onto trajectories of Newton's law of gravitation via the transformation $z \rightarrow z^2$. Newton's law of ellipses (objects attracted to a center by a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance travel in conic sections) follows from a geometric analysis of this map. An extension of this approach reveals a similar relation between more general pairs of power laws of centripetal attraction. The implications of these relations are discussed and a Matlab program is provided for their numerical study. This material is suitable for an undergraduate complex analysis class.
Determination of the <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C Carbon Isotope Ratio in Carbonates and Bicarbonates by <sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectroscopy (2017)

This paper is the first study focused on the innovative application of <sup>13</sup>C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy to determine the bulk <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C carbon isotope ratio, at natural abundance, in inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates. In the past, <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy (irm-<sup>13</sup>C NMR) was mainly used to measure isotope ratio monitoring with the potential of conducting <sup>13</sup>C position-specific isotope analysis of organic molecules with high precision. The reliability of the newly developed methodology for the determination of stable carbon isotope ratio was evaluated in comparison with the method chosen in the past for these measurements, i.e., isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), with very encouraging results. We determined the <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C ratio of carbonates and bicarbonates (∼50-100 mg) with a precision on the order of 1‰ in the presence of a relaxation agent, such as Cr(acac)<sub>3</sub>, and CH<sub>3</sub><sup>13</sup>COONa as an internal standard. The method was first applied to soluble inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates and then extended to insoluble carbonates by converting them to Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, following a simple procedure and without observing isotopic fractionation. Here, we demonstrate that <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy can also be successfully adopted to characterize the <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C isotope ratio in inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates with applications in different fields, such as cultural heritage and geological studies.
Autoallergy: A Pathogenetic Factor in Atopic Dermatitis? (1999)

Today about 20-30 % of the population are affected by allergies, a concerning fact that is confirmed by recent epidemiological data. This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium 'The Atopy Syndrome in the Third Millennium' held in Zurich in October 1998. It focuses on IgE-mediated allergy, beginning from the first manifestation of atopy, atopic eczema in infancy, and leading to its manifestations in children, adolescents and adults, to hay fever, asthma and food allergy. The topics covered give an update and comprehensive review of the different atopic manifestations concerning clinic, diagnosis, pathomechanisms, treatment and prevention. Summarizing the current knowledge on the fascinating and rapidly progressing field of atopy this publication is essential reading for dermatologists, allergologist, otorhinolaryngologists, and pediatricians.
An innovative platform for quick and flexible joining of assorted DNA fragments (2016)

Successful synthetic biology efforts rely on conceptual and experimental designs in combination with testing of multi-gene constructs. Despite recent progresses, several limitations still hinder the ability to flexibly assemble and collectively share different types of DNA segments. Here, we describe an advanced system for joining DNA fragments from a universal library that automatically maintains open reading frames (ORFs) and does not require linkers, adaptors, sequence homology, amplification or mutation (domestication) of fragments in order to work properly. This system, which is enhanced by a unique buffer formulation, provides unforeseen capabilities for testing, and sharing, complex multi-gene circuitry assembled from different DNA fragments.
Overview of Device Access Control in the IoT and its Challenges (2018)

Access control is a building block for the overall security of any communication system. When it comes to device-to-device communication, decentralized approaches for access control will allow governing a mass of devices in a scalable mode. Common understanding and standardization of application-level access control is also primordial for the incoming era of cooperating devices in the IoT. This article introduces different architectural models for decentralized device access control, their security requirements and implications.
Preparation and in vitro antiviral activity of liposomes of lipophilic esters of acyclovir. (1992)

The long chain acyclovir such as the acyclovir laurate and acyclovir palmitate were prepared directly from acyclovir by application of the usual esterification methods with appropriate acyl chlorides. The lipophilic prodrugs were found to be retained easier by liposomes whereas acyclovir escaped readily from liposomes. When assayed in African green monkey cell cultures against herpes simplex virus type I strain, the acyclovir palmitate liposomes proved to be more active compared with the parent drug and its liposome, suggesting an enhanced compatibility between the ester and liposomal lipids and an increased uptake of encapsulated prodrug by infected cells.
Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine (1999)

Edisi kedua Prinsip dan Praktik Fitoterapi yang telah lama ditunggu-tunggu ini mencakup semua aspek utama pengobatan herbal dari konsep dasar, penggunaan tradisional dan penelitian ilmiah hingga keamanan, dosis efektif dan aplikasi klinis. Ditulis oleh praktisi herbal dengan pengalaman aktif dalam praktik klinis, pendidikan, manufaktur, dan penelitian, buku teks ini bersifat praktis dan berbasis bukti. Fokusnya, selalu, pada pentingnya menyesuaikan pengobatan dengan kasus individu.

Wawasan baru diberikan ke dalam pengelolaan herbal dari sekitar 100 penyakit modern, termasuk beberapa kondisi medis yang paling menantang, seperti asma, penyakit radang usus dan kondisi autoimun dan inflamasi kompleks lainnya, dan ada diskusi yang bersemangat seputar kontribusi fitoterapi secara umum. hingga masalah kesehatan modern, termasuk penuaan kesehatan.

Diacu sepenuhnya, dengan lebih dari 10.000 kutipan, buku ini merupakan sumber daya inti bagi mahasiswa dan praktisi fitoterapi dan naturopati dan akan menjadi nilai bagi semua profesional perawatan kesehatan - apoteker, dokter, perawat - dengan minat pada terapi herbal.
Activation of cytokines and NF-kappa B in corneal epithelial cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus: potential relevance in ocular inflammation and respiratory infection (2004)

The ocular epithelium is readily infected by RSV. The pro-inflammatory cytokines are likely to play critical roles in the etiology of inflammation and conjunctivitis commonly seen in pediatric patients with respiratory infections. RSV-eye interactions have important implications in RSV transmission, immunopathology of RSV disease, and in the management of conjunctivitis.
Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the intestinal absorptive functions in protein-deficient rat. (1984)

Effect of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at a dose level of 35mg/Kg body weight per week for four weeks on the intestinal uptake of nutrients viz glucose, amino acids, (alanine and leucine), calcium and zinc has been investigated in protein-deficient female rats. The administration of MPA was found to enhance significantly the uptake of glucose and amino acids in both the pair-fed and the protein-deficient rats. In contrast, calcium uptake was depressed as a result of treatment with the drug as well as protein-deficiency. The uptake of zinc was not affected on drug administration. This steroidal contraceptive caused elevation in sodium-dependent glucose uptake, while the sodium-independent uptake remained unaltered. The kinetic parameters of glucose and leucine uptake indicate that MPA might be inducing the transport carrier protein of these nutrients as elevation in Vmax of these nutrients transport system was observed following its administration.
Co-Registered In Situ Secondary Electron and Mass Spectral Imaging on the Helium Ion Microscope Demonstrated Using Lithium Titanate and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (2017)

The development of a high resolution elemental imaging platform combining coregistered secondary ion mass spectrometry and high resolution secondary electron imaging is reported. The basic instrument setup and operation are discussed and in situ image correlation is demonstrated on a lithium titanate and magnesium oxide nanoparticle mixture. The instrument uses both helium and neon ion beams generated by a gas field ion source to irradiate the sample. Both secondary electrons and secondary ions may be detected. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is performed using an in-house developed double focusing magnetic sector spectrometer with parallel detection. Spatial resolutions of 10 nm have been obtained in SIMS mode. Both the secondary electron and SIMS image data are very surface sensitive and have approximately the same information depth. While the spatial resolutions are approximately a factor of 10 different, switching between the different images modes may be done in situ and extremely rapidly, allowing for simple imaging of the same region of interest and excellent coregistration of data sets. The ability to correlate mass spectral images on the 10 nm scale with secondary electron images on the nanometer scale in situ has the potential to provide a step change in our understanding of nanoscale phenomena in fields from materials science to life science.
Mutations in the non-nucleoside binding-pocket interfere with the multi-nucleoside resistance phenotype (2001)

Changes in the non-nucleoside binding pocket must affect the conformation of residues at the dNTP binding site, and can result in a partial phenotypic reversal of the multi-nucleoside resistance phenotype.
Red Hat Linux 6 Unleashed with CD-ROM (1999)

From the Publisher:
Red Hat Linux 6 Unleashed shows you how to install, configure, and manage version 6.0, the latest version of Red Hat operating system. Version 6.0 boasts the latest Linux kernel, a new and improved installation program, updated libraries and a host of other improvements. Learn how the operating system works from the inside out. The book covers everything from managing the installation processes to configuring the system as an Internet server. Extensive coverage of shells and shell programming is also covered, along with the programming tools and utilities that help the administrator and programmer perform their tasks more efficiently.
Covers version 6, the most up-to-date version of Red Hat Software Linux Provides expert advice on the subjects most important to the intermediate and advanced user: installation and configuration, programming, administration and networking CD-ROM contains Red Hat Linux 6.0 and installation video tutorials from Keystone Learning Systems
Making 3D textures practical (2003)

While 2D texture mapping is one of the most powerful rendering techniques that make 3D objects appear visually interesting, it suffers from visual artifacts produced when 2D image patterns are wrapped onto the surface of objects with arbitrary shapes. On the other hand, 3D texture mapping generates highly natural visual effects in which objects appear carved from lumps of materials rather than laminated with thin sheets as in 2D texture mapping. Storing 3D texture images in a table for fast mapping computations, instead of evaluating procedures on the fly, however, has been considered impractical due to the extremely high memory requirements. In this paper, we present a new effective method for 3D texture mapping designed for real-time rendering of polygonal models. Our scheme attempts to resolve the potential texture memory problem arising from the very large size of 3D images by compressing them using a wavelet-based encoding method. The experimental results on various non-trivial 3D textures and polygonal models show that high compression rates are achieved with few visual artifacts in the rendered image and a small impact on rendering time. The simplicity of our compression-based scheme will make it possible to implement practical 3D texture mapping in software/hardware rendering systems including the real-time 3D graphics APIs like OpenGL and Direct3D.
Cardiovascular effects of berberine in patients with severe congestive heart failure (1988)

Berberine, an alkaloid of the protoberberine family, has been shown to have strong positive inotropic and peripheral resistance-lowering effects in dogs with and without heart failure. To determine the acute cardiovascular effects of berberine in humans, 12 patients with refractory congestive heart failure were studied before and during berberine intravenous infusion at rates of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg per min for 30 minutes. The lower infusion dose produced no significant circulatory changes, apart from a reduction in heart rate (14%). The 0.2 mg/kg per min dose elicited several significant changes: (a) Decreases in systemic (48%, p less than 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance (41%, p less than 0.01), and in right atrium (28%, p less than 0.05) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (32%, p less than 0.01). (b) Increases in cardiac index (45%, p less than 0.01), stroke index (45%, p less than 0.01), and LV ejection fraction measured by contrast angiography (56%, p less than 0.01). (c) Increases in hemodynamic and echocardiographic indices of LV performance: peak measured velocity of shortening (45%, p less than 0.01), peak shortening velocity at zero load (41%, p less than 0.01), rate of development of pressure at developed isovolumic pressure of 40 mmHg (20%, p less than 0.01), percent fractional shortening (50%, p less than 0.01), and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (54%, p less than 0.01). (d) Decrease of arteriovenous oxygen difference (28%, p less than 0.05) with no changes in total body oxygen uptake, arterial oxygen tension, or hemoglobin dissociation properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduced vitamin B12 binding by transcobalamin II increases the risk of neural tube defects (2001)

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects (NTD). Homocysteine levels are elevated in mothers of NTD children, which may be due to decreased cellular vitamin B12 levels, as vitamin B12 is a cofactor for the methylation of homocysteine. Transcobalamin II (TC II) transports vitamin B12 to the tissues. To examine whether altered plasma transcobalamin levels are a risk factor for NTD, we determined the apo and holo form of TC II and haptocorrin (TCI+TCIII), vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations in the plasma of 46 mothers with NTD children, and in 73 female controls. Holo-tc II levels and holo-tc II percentages (holo-tc II/total tc II) in the first quartile of the control distribution were related to a three-fold (OR 2.9, 95%CI 0.9-9.2) and five-fold (OR 5.0, 95%CI 1.3-19.3) risk, respectively, for having a child with NTD, when compared with the last quartile. Homocysteine levels were significantly higher among individuals with low holo-tc II, low total vitamin B12 concentrations and low holo-tc II percentages. These low holo-tc II percentages are probably caused by reduced affinity of TC II for vitamin B12, which may be explained by genetic variation in the TC II gene. Vitamin B12 supplementation might therefore be warranted, in addition to folate, in the prevention of NTD.
Study on the control of photovoltaic inverter based on virtual synchronous generator (2016)

The Distributed power supply has an increasing influence on the stability of the micro-grid. Virtual synchronous generator technology can improve the stability of power grid with large inertia of synchronous generator. This paper describes the principle of virtual synchronous generator technology, as well as a detailed description of the control strategy of power frequency control and excitation control. With this method, the distributed inverter power has the function of power control and frequency modulation, which can maintain the stability of the voltage amplitude and frequency of the micro-grid.
Sensitivity improvement of an electro-optic high-impedance probe (2002)

This paper describes techniques for improving the electro-optic (EO) high-impedance probe for measuring gigahertz signals of on-board circuits. Higher sensitivity is achieved by decreasing the half-wave voltage of the EO crystal in the probe head and by increasing the laser power. To decrease the half-wave voltage, we employ Bi/sub 12/TiO/sub 20/ a newly developed crystal with a larger EO coefficient, and a 1.3-/spl mu/m Fabry Perot (FP) laser diode instead of a 1.55-/spl mu/m distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode. To increase the laser output power, the sampling rate is increased by using a specially-designed laser driver unit. These techniques improve the total voltage sensitivity of the probe system 3.6 times compared to our previous system. This directly leads to a more than one order reduction of signal acquisition time. Moreover, these techniques make the probe system cost effective because they eliminate the need for expensive optical components.
Triple depth culling (2011)

Virtual worlds feature increasing geometric and shading complexities, resulting in a constant need for effective solutions to avoid rendering objects invisible for the viewer. This observation is particularly true in the context of real-time rendering of highly occluded environments such as urban areas, landscapes or indoor scenes. This problem has been intensively researched in the past decades, resulting in numerous optimizations building upon the well-known Z-buffer technique. Among them, extensions of graphics hardware such as early Z-culling [Morein 2000] efficiently avoid shading most of invisible fragments. However, this technique is not applicable when the fragment shader discards fragments or modifies their depth value, or if alpha testing is enabled [nVidia 2008].
Recent developments in targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase pathway (2006)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a threonine kinase involved in intracellular pro-survival signaling. Its activation leads to progression from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Constitutive activation of the mTOR-related messengers, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt kinase, ribosomal p70S6 kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein kinase, was found in numerous malignancies. Recent data indicate that the mTOR kinase pathway can be an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development. A well-known mTOR inhibitor is rapamycin (RAPA), previously applied as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant studies. Recently, analogs of RAPA, such as CCI-779, RAD001 and AP23573, have been developed. All of those agents are currently being tested in patients with solid or hematological tumors in several clinical trials. This review presents recent developments in targeting the mTOR kinase pathway.