gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditions Of Directional Solidification Affect Superalloy (1992)

Report describes experiments to determine effects of gradient of temperature and rate of solidification on microstructure and fatigue properties of nickel-based superalloy MAR-M246(Hf). Enhancement of properties extends lifespans of objects, including turbo-pump blades of Space Shuttle Main Engines. Results indicate significant improvements in fatigue properties derived through manipulation of parameters of directional solidification. Particularly MAR-M246(Hf) for turbine blades contains small, well-dispersed blocky carbide and microstructure with small distances between dendrite arms, and without eutectic phase.
Photochromic Polymers Based on the Photoinduced Opening and Thermal Closing of [1,3]Oxazine Rings (2009)

Abstract Two macromolecular constructs incorporating a single polymer backbone with multiple photochromic side chains are developed. Both systems are prepared from preformed photochromic [1,3]oxazines after the ring‐opening polymerization of their norbornene appendages. In solution, UV illumination of these polymers opens the [1,3]oxazine rings in their side chains in less than 6 ns and with a quantum yield of 0.09 in both instances. The photogenerated species incorporate a 4‐nitrophenolate chromophore, and hence, their formation is accompanied by the appearance of an intense band in the visible region of the absorption spectrum. The photoproducts revert spontaneously to the original state with first‐order kinetics in microseconds. Furthermore, both photochromic polymers tolerate hundreds of switching cycles with no sign of degradation, even in the presence of molecular oxygen. Thus, this design logic and choice of functional building blocks can translate into the realization of innovative photoresponsive materials with excellent photochromic performance.
Composable Incremental and Iterative Data-Parallel Computation with Naiad (2012)

We report on the design and implementation of Naiad, a set of declarative data-parallel language extensions and an associated runtime supporting efficient and composable incremental and iterative computation. This combination is enabled by a new computational model we call differential dataflow, in which incremental computation can be performed using a partial, rather than total, order on time. Naiad extends standard batch data-parallel processing models like MapReduce, Hadoop, and Dryad/DryadLINQ, to support efficient incremental updates to the inputs in the manner of a stream processing system, while at the same time enabling arbitrarily nested fixed-point iteration. In this paper, we evaluate a prototype of Naiad that uses shared memory on a single multi-core computer. We apply Naiad to various computations, including several graph algorithms, and observe good scaling properties and efficient incremental recomputation. 1.
Fiber Optic Pressure Measurement with Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1994)

Abstract The paper presents the fiber-optic method for measurement of high hydrostatic pressure applied to a sensing element comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) being connected to multimode optical fibers for communication with a light source and a device for measurement of light intensity. The method exploiting the effect of pressure-induced changes in the wavelength of maximum light reflection observed in ChLCs, and is particularly well adapted for measuring pressure up to 100 MPa with a good linear response and sensitivity for specific ranges of pressure useful in industrial applications. The obtained data indicate that a fiber optic sensing device based on this method has pressure coefficient two orders of magnitude higher than current high-pressure sensors. The paper discusses also possible approaches towards temperature desensitization procedure of the fiber-optic method of pressure measurement.
OccuTherm (2019)

Thermal comfort is a decisive factor for the well-being, productivity, and overall satisfaction of commercial building occupants. Many commercial building automation systems either use a fixed zone-wide temperature set-point for all occupants or they rely on extensive sensor deployments with frequent online interaction with occupants. This results in inadequate comfort levels or significant training effort from users, respectively. However, the increasing ubiquity of cheap, depth-based occupancy tracking systems has enabled an improvement in inferential capabilities. We propose the novel system OccuTherm to model thermal comfort of occupants. We conducted a laboratory study with 77 participants to collect data for the implementation of a thermal comfort model that derives thermal comfort using the human body shape. Based on the comparison with model baselines and ablations, we show that our approach infers thermal comfort of individuals with 60% accuracy when body shape information is taken into account; 6% more than state-of-the-art approaches. We make our code, mobile app, datasets, and models freely available.
Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 1,6,7,8-substituted 2-(4'-substituted phenyl)-4-quinolones and related compounds: identification as antimitotic agents interacting with tubulin (1993)

A series of 1,6,7,8-substituted 2-(4'-substituted phenyl)-4-quinolones and related compounds have been synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic compounds and as antimitotic agents interacting with tubulin. The 2-phenyl-4-quinolones (22-30) with substituents (e.g. F, Cl, and OCH3) at C-6, C-7, and C-8 show, in general, potent cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma (A-549), ileocecal carcinoma (HCT-8), melanoma (RPMI-7951), and epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx (KB) and two murine leukemia lines (P-388 and L1210). Introduction of alkyl groups at N-1 or C-4 oxygen led to inactive compounds (35-43 and 50). In addition, compounds 24, 26, and 27 were evaluated in the National Cancer Institute's 60 human tumor cell line in vitro screen. These compounds demonstrated the most marked effects in the screen on two colon carcinoma cell lines (COLO-205 and KM-20L2) and on a central nervous system tumor cell line (SF-539) with compound 26 the most potent of the three agents. Compounds 24, 26, and 27 were potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, with activity nearly comparable to that of the potent antimitotic natural products colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and combretastatin A-4. The three agents also inhibited the binding of radiolabeled colchicine to tubulin, but this inhibition was less potent than that obtained with the natural products.
Dynamic Pulse Shaping by Metasurfaces (2018)

Metasurfaces offer the ability to shape optical pulses with unprecedented resolution. Here, we demonstrate dynamic shaping of <15 femtosecond ultrafast laser pulses using a Taylor series system in conjunction with silicon metasurfaces.
A Phase I/II Trial of 125I Methylene Blue for One-Stage Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (2007)

This method eliminates the painful preoperative injections of Tc colloid, is performed by the surgeon in the operating room, is associated with lower radiation exposures for personnel, and avoids the delays caused by nonoperating room personnel. These observations warrant a more extensive trial of this method using the 1000-microCi dose of I methylene blue dye for sentinel lymph node biopsies.
Studies on the Active Site of Human α-Amylases: Examination of the Third Subsite S3′ of the Aglycone-Binding Site by Control of Substrate Binding Mode (1992)

Modified maltooligosaccharides, IG-G-G-G-AG-G (IG: 6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucopyranose residue, G: D-glucopyranose residue, AG: 6-amino-6-deoxy-D-glucopyranose residue, -: alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkage), IG-G-G-G-AG-M (M: methyl), and IG-G-G-G-AG-phi (phi: phenyl) were prepared by the use of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in order to examine the third subsite (S3') of the aglycone-binding site of human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases. Human alpha-amylases hydrolyzed the modified maltooligosaccharides to IG-G-G and G-AG-G, IG-G-G and G-AG-M, and IG-G-G and G-AG-phi. This implied that G, M, and phi fit into S3'. There was no difference in the rate parameters between the two enzymes. The Km values for the hydrolysis of IG-G-G-G-AG-G by both enzymes were the same as those for IG-G-G-G-AG-M, and twice those for IG-G-G-G-AG-phi. The results showed that S3' of the two enzymes has no affinity for the glucose residue and is not a subsite but a hydrophobic environment.
Synthetic α‐Helix Mimetics as Agonists and Antagonists of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Aggregation (2009)

Split personality: A series of oligoamide-based helix mimetics bind to a complementary helical motif in Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a protein implicated in the pathology of type II diabetes. These compounds accelerated IAPP amyloid formation under lipid-free conditions, but inhibited it under lipid-catalyzed conditions. hIAPP=human IAPP.
High-Power, Short-Pulse Forming Circuits (1987)

Fast-rise, short microwave pulses at 100 kW peak power have been obtained. Arc-activated expanders have been developed in coaxial transmission line at S-band and in waveguide at X-band that provide fast-rise rf pulses (1 to 10 ns) from slow-rise inputs. These expanders are placed on the output of 1-MW magnetrons to provide fast-rise pulses in the 50- to 100-kW range. When the expander is followed by a single shunt Zo/2 transmission line as a pulse-forming network, it provides short pulses with fast risetimes and fast falltimes. These pulse-forming networks also suppress "front porch" leakage caused by the finite isolation of the expanders.
Regional expression and cellular localization of the Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter of rat brain (1995)

We have recently isolated and identified a brain specific Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) cotransporter cDNA (rBNPI) from a rat brain cDNA library (Ni, et al., 1994). We now report the regional and developmental expression, as well as the cellular localization, of rBNPI mRNA in the rat brain. In situ hybridization histochemistry reveals that rBNPI mRNA is selectively expressed in neuron-enriched regions of the adult rat brain, such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Cellular localization of rBNPI transcripts reveals expression in both pyramidal and granule neurons in these regions. By contrast, little to no hybridization signal was observed in white matter-enriched areas such as the corpus callosum. The expression of rBNPI mRNA was determined during pre- and postnatal development of the rat CNS. From embryonic day 17 to early postnatal day 10 (PND 10), there is a rather widespread but diffuse pattern of rBNPI expression in brain. During late postnatal development, however, the expression of rBNPI mRNA becomes confined to discrete populations of neurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Thus, rBNPI expression is developmentally regulated and abundant levels of mRNA are found in rather discrete populations of neurons in the adult rat brain. The latter suggests that rBNPI may serve to selectively regulate intracellular Pi transport in certain neurons for either metabolic and (or) signaling events.
Characterization of a Highly Conserved FAD-binding Site in Human Monoamine Oxidase B (1998)

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines. The oxidative step is coupled to the reduction of an obligatory cofactor, FAD, which is covalently linked to the apoenzyme at Cys397. Our previous studies identified two noncovalent flavin-binding regions in MAO B (residues 6-34 and 39-46) (Kwan, S.-W., Lewis, D. A., Zhou, B. P., and Abell, C. W. (1995) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 316, 385-391; Zhou, B. P., Lewis, D. A., Kwan, S.-W., Kirksey, T. J., and Abell, C. W. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 9526-9531). In these regions, Glu34 and Tyr44 were found to be required for the initial binding of FAD. By comparing sequences with enzymes in the oxidoreductase family, we now have found an additional FAD-binding site in MAO B (residues 222-227), which is highly conserved across species (human, bovine, and rat). This conserved sequence contains adjacent glycine and aspartate residues (Gly226 and Asp227). Based on the x-ray crystal structures of several oxidoreductases (Eggink, G., Engel, H., Vriend, G., Terpstra, P., and Witholt, B. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 212, 135-142; Van Driessche, G., Kol, M., Chen, Z.-W., Mathews, F. S., Meyer, T. E., Bartsch, R. G., Cusanovich, M. A., and Van Beeumen, J. J. (1996) Protein Sci. 5, 1753-1764), the Gly residue at the end of a beta-strand facilitates a sharp turn and extends the beta-carbonyl group of Asp to interact with the 3'-hydroxyl group of the ribityl chain of FAD. To assess the hypothesis that Gly226 and Asp227 are involved in FAD binding in MAO B, site-specific mutants that encode substitutions at these positions were prepared and expressed in mammalian COS-7 cells. Our results indicate that Gly226 and the beta-carbonyl group of Asp227 are required for covalent flavinylation and catalytic activity of MAO B, but not for noncovalent binding of FAD. Our studies also reveal that mutagenesis at Glu34 and Tyr44 not only interferes with covalent flavinylation and catalytic activity of MAO B, but also with noncovalent binding of FAD. Based on these collective results, we propose that the coupling of FAD to the MAO B apoenzyme is a multistep process.
Fluorescence energy transfer monitored competitive equilibria of nucleic acids: Applications in thermodynamics and screening (2002)

Precise thermodynamic characterization of nucleic acid complex stability is required to understand a variety of biologically significant events as well as to exploit the specific recognition capabilities of nucleic acids in biotechnology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The development of a database of nucleic acid thermodynamics with sufficient precision to foster further developments in these areas requires new and improved measurement techniques. The combination of a competitive equilibrium titration with fluorescence energy transfer based detection provides a method for precise measurement of differences in free energy values for nucleic acid duplexes that far exceeds in precision those accessible via conventional methods. The method can be applied to detect and to characterize any deviation in a nucleic acid that alters duplex stability. Such deviations include, but are not limited to, mismatches; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP); chemically modified nucleotide bases, sugars or phosphates; and conformational anomalies or folding motifs, such as, loops or hairpins. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopoly (Nucleic Acid Sci) 61: 214–223, 2002
Dependence of the lateral ion transport on the driving frequency in nematic liquid crystal displays (2004)

The presence of ions in a liquid crystal (LC) influences the transmission characteristics of LC displays. These ions follow the electric field perpendicular to the electrodes and move back and forth under the influence of the ac field. Because of their charge, they can distort the electric field, which leads to transmission changes. Recently it was discovered that due to the LC anisotropy, ion motion parallel with the plane of the electrodes (perpendicular to the electric field) is also possible, even without lateral fields. After driving a pixel for a long time, the ions will accumulate at one pixel edge, which leads to unwanted image artifacts. In this paper, we investigate the frequency dependence of the lateral ion transport in twisted nematic liquid crystal displays at high and low ion concentrations, different ion mobilities, and LC rotational viscosities, for a fixed voltage just above the LC threshold.
Field measurements of sand boil hydraulics (2019)

A sand boil is a cone of granular material deposited on the ground surface around concentrated points of vertical seepage. Sand boils often form downstream of embankments during flood events, creating unfiltered seepage exits that may lead to initiation of backward erosion piping (BEP) in the foundation materials. Further progression of the backward erosion process may undermine the embankment, ultimately leading to collapse and breach. As the progression of BEP is dependent on the horizontal hydraulic gradient in the foundation, it is also impacted by the head loss occurring through the sand boil. In this study, the head loss occurring in sand boils along the Mississippi River and Waal River were measured and compared to predictions from a simple theoretical model. The measured head loss compared favourably with the predictions, indicating that the head loss is not constant but rather a function of grain size, sand boil throat diameter and flow rate.
T CELLS FROM THE SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF COELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS RECOGNIZE A UNIQUE PEPTIDE SEQUENCE OF GLIADIN (1998)

127 Background Coeliac disease (CD) is a common severe intestinal disease resulting from intolerance to the dietary wheat gluten and related proteins. The large majority of patients are HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8 molecules positive and gluten-specific HLA-DQ-restricted T cells have been found at the lesion site in the gut. The nature of the peptides that are recognized by these T cells has remained unclear. We now report the identification of a gliadin-derived epitope which is dominantly recognized by intestinal gluten-specific HLA-DQ8-restricted T cells. Methods Gluten specific, HLA-DQ restricted T cells were isolated from small intestine biopsies of two unrelated coeliac disease patients. To identify the gluten derived, T cell stimulatory peptides a gluten preparation was fractionated by consequetive rounds of reversed phase-HPLC chromatograpy followed by testing of the fractions in a T cell proliferation assay. The amino acid sequences of the peptides in the T cell stimulatory fraction was determined by tandem mass spectrometry in combination with data base searches. Findings After three rounds of rp-HPLC purifications, a fraction was obtained which stimulated the HLA-DQ restricted T cell clone 2 (TCC S2) derived from a small intestine biopsy of a Dutch CD patient. Analysis of this sample by tandem mass spectrometry yielded partial sequence information for all three peptides contained in this fraction. Data base searches subsequently resulted in the unambiguous identification of the source proteins for these peptide. Using synthetic peptides a peptide corresponding to a natural pepsin fragment of the C-terminal part of gliadin was found to stimulate TCC S2. The minimal peptide required for optimal T cell activation is a sequence of 11 amino acids found in only two of the many gliadin variants. The peptide is presented by human intestinal epithelial cells and activation of TCC S2 results in high production of the Th1 cytokine IFNγ. Further testing revealed that this sequence is also recognised by T cell clones that are derived from a small intestinal biopsy of a Norwegian CD patient. Interpretation This is the first identification of a gliadin derived peptide that is recognised by T cells derived from the small intestine of CD patients. The recognition by T cell clones derived from two unrelated patients suggests that this is a disease associated target antigen. The findings may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms leading to coeliac disease and offers possibilities for alternative treatment modalities.
Long-range alpha detector (LRAD) for contamination monitoring (1992)

In the long-range alpha detector (LRAD), alpha particles interact with the ambient air, producing ionization in the air at the rate of about 30000 ion pairs per MeV of alpha energy. These charges can be transported over significant distances in a moving current of air generated by a small fan. An ion chamber located in front of the fan measures the current carried by the moving ions. The LRAD-based monitor is more sensitive and more thorough than conventional monitors. Current LRAD sensitivity limits and results, practical monitor designs, and proposed uses for LRAD monitors are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparing PV power plant soiling measurements extracted from PV module irradiance and power measurements (2013)

The accumulation of dust and other environmental contaminants on PV modules, also known as PV module soiling, is a significant source of lost potential power generation for PV installations. Designers and operators of utility-scale solar power plants are increasingly seeking methods to quantify soiling-related losses, in order to improve performance modeling and verification or to optimize washing schedules. Recently, soiling measurement equipment has been introduced based on the measurement of two co-planar PV modules, one of which is regularly cleaned, and the other of which naturally accumulates environmental contaminants. These measurements are used to determine a soiling ratio (SR), which may be applied as a derate factor in analysis of the PV system performance. In this work, we examine the difference between a soiling ratio metric calculated from measured temperature-corrected short-circuit current values (SR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Isc</sup> ), which represents the fraction of irradiance reaching the soiled modules, versus a soiling ratio calculated from measured temperature-corrected PV module maximum power values (SR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Pmax</sup> ), which represents the fraction of power produced by the soiled modules compared to clean modules. We examine both techniques for CdTe and c-Si module technologies. This study is motivated by the fact that variations in module efficiency versus irradiance, as well as any non-uniformity of soiling, may introduce differences between the power losses estimated from short-circuit current values versus actual soiling-induced power losses. For CdTe, the SR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Isc</sup> method is found to be a good proxy for the SR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Pmax</sup> method for nonuniform soiling levels up to 11%.
Frequency-domain pump-probe microscopic imaging using intensity-modulated laser diodes (1999)

We report the implementation of intensity modulated diode lasers in frequency-domain pump-probe studies, diode lasers are compact, stable, and economical units that require little maintenance. In our study, a 365 nm diode laser is used as the excitation source and the output of a 680 nm unit induces stimulated emission from excited state fluorophores. By modulating the intensities of the two diode lasers at slightly different frequencies, and detecting the fluorescence signal at the cross-correlation frequency, both time-resolved and high spatial resolution imaging can be achieved. The laser diodes are modulated in the 100 MHz cross-correlation signal has been used for time-resolved imaging of fluorescent microspheres and mouse fibroblasts labeled with nucleic acid stains TOTO-3. These results demonstrate and feasibility of using intensity modulated diode lasers for frequency-domain, pump-probe studies.