gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reproducible growth of p-type ZnO:N using a modified atomic layer deposition process combined with dark annealing (2008)

Nitrogen doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films were deposited by atmospheric atomic layer deposition (ALD) between 100 and 300°C. Postannealing was required to remove compensating defects. After a low temperature dark annealing, originally n-type films became p-type. Films deposited at low temperatures (⩽150°C) have low hole mobilities (μ) of 0.2–0.4cm2V−1s−1 and moderate hole concentrations (np) of around 1×1015cm−3. Higher temperature deposited films (⩾200°C) have higher μ values (6cm2V−1s−1) but np values &lt;1×1013cm−3. This crossover in transport properties can be explained by the opposing effects of deposition temperature on nitrogen doping level and distribution, and film crystallinity.
Black Friday (2016)

My aim in "Black Friday" is to elegize Mr. Jdimytai Damour-a young Haitian-American Wal-Mart contractor who in 2008 was trampled to death by a mob of Long Island shoppers the morning after Thanksgiving-while considering American consumption from a first-person plural perspective.To explore and embody my own drowning in it rather than pretend I'm above or outside it.To consider my responsibility, our collective American responsibility, for the systemic exploitation and destruction of working class, women's, and black and brown bodies.
Konvektiver Impuls-, Wärme- und Stoffaustausch (1982)

Keywords: bilans ; transfert de chaleur ; ecoulement : laminaire ; ecoulement : turbulent ; ecoulement : compressible ; ecoulement : incompressible Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Exo-π-bonding to an ortho-carborane hypercarbon atom: systematic icosahedral cage distortions reflected in the structures of the fluoro-, hydroxy- and amino-carboranes, 1-X-2-Ph-1,2-C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub> (X = F, OH or NH<sub>2</sub>) and related anions (2004)

The structures of derivatives of phenyl-ortho-carborane bearing on the second cage hypercarbon atom a pi-donor substituent (F, OH, O-, NH2, NH- and CH2-) were investigated by NMR, X-ray crystallography and computational studies. The molecular structures of these compounds, notably their cage C1-C2 distances and the orientations of their pi-donor substituents (OH, NH2, NH- and CH2-) show remarkable and systematic variations with the degree of exo pi-bonding, which varies as expected with the pi-donor characteristics of the substituent.
RGD-Conjugated Dendrimer-Modified Gold Nanorods for <i>in Vivo</i> Tumor Targeting and Photothermal Therapy (2009)

Successful development of safe and effective nanoprobes for tumor targeting and selective therapy is a challenging task. Although gold nanorods(GNRs) have the potential to perform such a role, the toxicity of surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromides (CTAB) on their surfaces limits their applications. Here, polyamidoamine dendrimer was applied to replace CTAB molecules on the surface of gold nanorods. When the resultant dendrimer-modified gold nanorods conjugated with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides, they showed highly selective targeting and destructive effects on the cancer cells and solid tumors under near-infrared laser irradiation. Also, we successfully observed the disappearance of tumors implanted in four sample mice from test group of ten. High-performance RGD-conjugated dendrimer-modified GNR nanoprobes exhibit great potential in applications such as tumor targeting, imaging, and selective photothermal therapy.
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression gives prostate cancer cells a growth advantage in a physiologically relevant folate environment in vitro (2006)

The folate hydrolase activity of PSMA may provide a growth advantage in LF and PF environments.
Characterization with monoclonal antibodies of a surface antigen of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoites. (1985)

The merozoite, the extracellular form of the erythrocyte stage of the malarial parasite, invades the erythrocyte and develops intracellularly. Cloned hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the merozoite surface were selected by indirect immunofluorescent assay by using intact isolated merozoites. Monoclonal antibodies to a 200,000 m.w. merozoite surface antigen were selected and were used to characterize this protein and its role in erythrocyte invasion. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the antigen was located exclusively on the merozoite surface coat, distributed evenly over the entire surface. The 200,000 m.w. protein incorporated [3H]glucosamine, suggesting that it is a glycoprotein and could be purified to homogeneity by using immuno-affinity chromatography. Freshly isolated, invasive merozoites retained the 200,000 m.w. antigen, but the protein was rapidly cleaved to proteins of 90,000 and 50,000 m.w. when the merozoite was extracellular. The 50,000 m.w. fragment was retained the epitope binding to monoclonal antibody 5B1 and were labeled with [3H]glucosamine. Monoclonal antibodies against the 200,000 m.w. antigen partially inhibited merozoite invasion into erythrocytes.
Multiaccess Multicell Distributed Resource Management Framework in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2012)

Efficient distributed resource allocation and users to cells assignment over a heterogeneous integrated wireless environment is addressed, where multiple-access technologies coexist and cooperate toward achieving network-wide quality-of-service (QoS)-aware utility-based performance optimization. The integrated network is viewed as a global optimizer under appropriate intracell resource allocation constraints. Multiaccess diversity is addressed by setting a user-centric service-aware goal, thus maximizing users' QoS-aware service performance satisfaction, as expressed through properly assigned utility functions. The integrated network utility maximization problem is treated through a two-level dual-decomposition methodology, leading to a low-complexity distributed iterative subgradient algorithm for attaining a network-wide near-optimal operation point. Extensive numerical results verify the analytical claims, demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, and illustrate that significant performance gains can be achieved over popular existing resource allocation schemes.
Structure of cholesterol-containing particles accumulating in atherosclerotic lesions and the mechanisms of their derivation (1995)

Structural and chemical modifications of plasma lipoproteins retained in atherosclerotic lesions, especially LDL, are a characteristic of atherogenesis. The major cholesterol-containing structures believed to be derived primarily from LDL are monomeric or aggregated native or modified LDL particles, cholesteryl ester droplets, liposomes rich in unesterified cholesterol, and ceroid-lipofuscin. They are suggested to be formed primarily from LDL by combinations of oxidation, hydrolysis by proteases and esterases, fusion of neutral lipid components, and covalent interactions between lipid and protein components of oxidized LDL in lysosomes. Although many of these structures appear to be refractory to removal by reverse cholesterol transport mechanisms, they may possess functional properties that still need to be elucidated.
Structural, magnetic, and electron transport properties of MnBi:Fe thin films (2012)

The structural, magnetic, and electron transport properties of Mn55−xFexBi45 (x = 0, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16) films prepared by multilayer deposition and annealing using e-beam evaporation have been investigated. Fe doping has produced a significant change in the magnetic properties of the samples including the decrease in saturation magnetization and magnetocrystalline anisotropy and increase in coercivity. Although the magnetization shows a smooth decrease with increasing Fe concentration, the coercivity jumps abruptly from 8.5 kOe to 22 kOe as Fe content changes from 4% to 5%, but the change in coercivity is small as the concentration goes beyond 5%. The temperature dependence of resistivity shows that the samples with low Fe concentration (≤4%) are metallic, but the resistivity increases unexpectedly as the concentration reaches 5%, where the resistance increases with decreasing temperature below 300 K. First-principle calculations suggest that the observed magnetic properties can be understood as the consequences of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the interstitial atom and the rest of the MnBi lattice.
The type IV bundle‐forming pilus of enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> undergoes dramatic alterations in structure associated with bacterial adherence, aggregation and dispersal (1999)

BFP, a plasmid-encoded type IV bundle-forming pilus produced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), has recently been shown to be associated with the aggregation of bacteria and dispersal of bacteria from bacterial microcolonies. In standard 3 h HEp-2 cell assays, EPEC adhere in localized microcolonies; after 6 h, bacterial microcolonies are no longer present, indicating that bacterial aggregation and dispersal occurs in vitro during EPEC adhesion to cultured epithelial cells. To examine the role of BFP in EPEC aggregation and dispersal, we examined HEp-2 cell adhesion of strain E2348/69 and defined E2348/69 mutants by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. BFP was expressed initially as approximately 40 nm diameter pilus bundles that promoted bacteria-bacteria interaction and microcolony formation. BFP subsequently underwent a striking alteration in structural organization with the formation of much longer and thicker ( approximately 100 nm diameter) pilus bundles, which frequently aggregated laterally to form even thicker bundles often arranged in a loose three-dimensional network; EPEC dispersal from bacterial microcolonies was associated with this transformation of BFP from thin to thick bundles. Bacterial dispersal and transformation of BFP from thin to thick bundles did not occur with a bfpF mutant of strain E2348/69. It is concluded that BFP promotes both the formation and the dispersal of EPEC microcolonies, that the dispersal phase requires BfpF and that dispersal is associated with dramatic alterations in the structure of BFP bundles.
Chemical control of thermal expansion in zeolites with the LTA topology (2013)

Zeolites are microporous materials that have been commonly shown to exhibit remarkable negative thermal expansion (NTE) behaviour in their purely siliceous forms, with reported thermal expansion coefficients ranging from −3 x 10–\\(_6\\) K–\\(_1\\) to −26.1 x 10–\\(_6\\) K–\\(_1\\). In contrast, very little research has been reported on the aluminium-containing structures which are widely used for various commercial applications. Compounds exhibiting this property, which has only been observed in a small number of solids, are of considerable technological interest as their inclusion in devices or composite materials can counterbalance the more usual expansion on heating and contraction on cooling, thereby reducing the incidence of thermally induced failures. Here, we report an investigation into the effect that changing the chemical composition of the zeolite framework and intrapore species has on thermal expansion properties of zeolites with the LTA topology. Variable-temperature powder X−ray diffraction studies were used to determine the thermal expansion coefficients of the chemically modified zeolites over a sub-ambient temperature range and investigate the structural basis behind their thermal behaviour. Dramatic changes in the thermal expansion behaviour (from strong negative to weak positive) of the zeolites were observed as the structures were modified through ion-exchange, dehydration, varying the Al content in the framework and loading the pores with silver nitrate. The zeolitic pores contents have been shown to play a key role in the manner in which LTA-zeolites react to temperature variation, especially in the case of intra-porous water molecules. Detailed atomistic structural mechanisms behind the observed NTE behaviour have been produced for the more simplistic systems. Several key breakthroughs have also been achieved in understanding the formation of the superlattice when silver nitrate is incorporated into the zeolite pores and with regards to solving the unit cell structure.
Adaptive robust control for active suspensions (1999)

Presents a nonlinear active suspension controller, which achieves high performance by compensating for the hydraulic actuator dynamics. The control design problem is decomposed into two loops. At the top is the main loop, which calculates the desired force signal by using a standard LQ design process. An adaptive robust control technique is used to design a force controller such that it is robust against actuator uncertainties. Both state feedback and output feedback algorithms are presented. Simulation results show that the proposed controller works well compared with conventional controllers.
Linear and nonlinear speech feature analysis for stress classification (1998)

There are many stressful environments which deteriorate the performance of speech recognition systems. Examples include aircraft cockpits, 911 emergency telephone response, high workload task stress, or emotional situations. To address this, we investigate a number of linear and nonlinear features and processing methods for stressed speech classi cation. The linear features include properties of pitch, duration, intensity, glottal source, and the vocal tract spectrum. Nonlinear processing is based on our newly proposed Teager Energy Operator (TEO) speech feature which incorporates frequency domain critical band lters and properties of the resulting TEO autocorrelation envelope. In this study, we employ a Bayesian hypothesis testing approach and a hidden Markov model (HMM) processor as classi cation methods. Evaluations focused on speech under loud, angry, and the Lombard e ect1 from the SUSAS database. Results using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and EER (equal error rate) based detection show that pitch is the best of the ve linear features for stress classi cation; while the new nonlinear TEO-based feature outperforms the best linear feature by +5.2%, with a reduction in classi cation rate variability from 8.66 to 3.90.
Preclinical investigations and a first-in-human phase I trial of M4112, the first dual inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2, in patients with advanced solid tumors (2020)

There were no serious safety concerns at any dose. Although M4112 inhibited IDO1 activity ex vivo, plasma kynurenine levels were not reduced despite achieving target exposure.<b>Trial registration number</b> NCT03306420.
Improving Pseudo-Relevance Feedback With Neural Network-Based Word Representations (2018)

In information retrieval, query expansion methods, such as pseudo-relevance feedback, are designed to enrich users' queries with relevant terms for comprehensively interpreting the desired information. One of the key issues for query expansion is how to obtain high-quality expansion terms to capture the information needs. Recent advances in neural network language models have demonstrated that these models can learn powerful distributed word representations, which have been successfully applied to solve various natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel query expansion framework based on neural network-based word representations. Our framework first selects abundant candidate expansion terms using a modified term-dependency method and then generates term features for candidate terms based on word representations to encode relationships between given queries and corresponding candidate terms. Furthermore, we adopt learning-to-rank methods to train term-ranking models with the generated features for term refinement. We conduct extensive experiments to examine the performance of the learned term-ranking models and compare the effectiveness of the representation-based and context-based features for selecting relevant expansion terms. Experimental results using four TREC collections show that neural network-based word representations are effective in query expansion and can significantly improve retrieval performance.
Dissection of a major QTL qhir1 conferring maternal haploid induction ability in maize (2017)

Among the qhir11 and qhir12 sub-regions of a major QTL qhir1, only qhir11 has significant effect on maternal haploid induction, segregation distortion and kernel abortion. In vivo haploid induction in maize can be triggered in high frequencies by pollination with special genetic stocks called haploid inducers. Several genetic studies with segregating populations from non-inducer x inducer crosses identified a major QTL, qhir1, on chromosome 1.04 contributing to in vivo haploid induction. A recent Genome Wide Association Study using 51 inducers and 1482 non-inducers also identified two sub-regions within the qhir1 QTL region, named qhir11 and qhir12; qhir12 was proposed to be mandatory for haploid induction because the haplotype of qhir11 was also present in some non-inducers and putative candidate genes coding for DNA and amino acid binding proteins were identified in the qhir12 region. To characterize the effects of each sub-region of qhir1 on haploid induction rate, F<sub>2</sub> recombinants segregating for one of the sub-regions and fixed for the other were identified in a cross between CML269 (non-inducer) and a tropicalized haploid inducer TAIL8. To quantify the haploid induction effects of qhir11 and qhir12, selfed progenies of recombinants between these sub-regions were genotyped. F<sub>3</sub> plants homozygous for qhir11 and/or qhir12 were identified, and crossed to a ligueless tester to determine their haploid induction rates. The study revealed that only the qhir11 sub-region has a significant effect on haploid induction ability, besides causing significant segregation distortion and kernel abortion, traits that are strongly associated with maternal haploid induction. The results presented in this study can guide fine mapping efforts of qhir1 and in developing new inducers efficiently using marker assisted selection.
Encapsulated Nanostructured Phase Change Materials For Thermal Management (2011)

A major challenge of developing faster and smaller microelectronic devices is that high flux of heat needs to be removed efficiently to prevent overheating of devices. The conventional way of heat removal using liquid reaches a limit due to low thermal conductivity and limited heat capacity of fluids. Adding solid nanoparticles into fluids has been proposed as a way to enhance thermal conductivity of fluids, but recent results show inconclusive anomalous enhancements in thermal conductivity. A possible way to improve heat transfer is to increase the heat capacity of liquid by adding phase change nanoparticles with large latent heat of fusion into the liquid. Such nanoparticles absorb heat during solid to liquid phase change. However, the colloidal suspension of bare phase change nanoparticles has limited use due to aggregation of molten nanoparticles, irreversible sticking on fluid channels, and dielectric property loss. This dissertation describes a new method to enhance the heat transfer property of a liquid by adding encapsulated phase change nanoparticles (nano-PCMs), which will absorb thermal energy during solid-liquid phase change and release heat during freeze. Specifically, silica encapsulated indium nanoparticles, and polymer encapsulated paraffin (wax) nanoparticles have been prepared using colloidal method, and dispersed into poly-α-olefin (PAO) and water for high temperature and low temperature applications, respectively. The shell, with a higher melting point than the core, can prevent leakage or agglomeration of molten cores, and preserve the dielectric properties of the base fluids. Compared to single phase fluids, heat transfer of nanoparticle-containing fluids have been significantly enhanced due to enhanced heat capacities. The structural integrity of encapsulation allows repeated uses of nanoparticles for many cycles. iv By forming porous semi crystalline silica shells obtained from water glass, supercooling has been greatly reduced due to low energy barrier of heterogeneous nucleation. Encapsulated phase change nanoparticles have also been added into exothermic reaction systems such as catalytic and polymerization reactions to effectively quench local hot spots, prevent thermal runaway, and change product distribution. Specifically, silica-encapsulated indium nanoparticles, and silica encapsulated paraffin (wax) nanoparticles have been used to absorb heat released in catalytic reaction, and to mitigate the gel effect during polymerization, respectively. The reaction rates do not raise significantly owing to thermal buffering using phase change nanoparticles at initial stage of thermal runaway. The effect of thermal buffering depends on latent heats of fusion of nanoparticles, and heat releasing kinetics of catalytic reactions and polymerizations. Micro/nanoparticles of phase change materials will open a new dimension for thermal management of exothermic reactions.
Contrast properties of spatial light modulators for microlithography (2007)

The present article discusses steps for the realistic description of optical properties of micro-mirror arrays (MMA), which are utilized as programmable masks for microlithography. The article focuses on global contrast as an elementary example for the understanding of MMA's diffractive operation principle. Central point will be a discussion of those MEMS properties that influence the global MMA contrast, and how to introduce them into simulation. Surface corrugations of single mirrors and slit properties will be taken into account. Comparison is made with experimental contrast data to validate the theoretical assumptions.
Specific andSensitive Detection of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in ClinicalSpecimens by Real-Time PCR (2005)

Early diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is important with regard to patients' health and infectivity. We report the development of a specific and sensitive TaqMan assay for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. The target sequence is a 76-bp fragment of the 5' untranslated region of the opa genes that encode opacity proteins. A panel of 448 well-defined N. gonorrhoeae isolates was used to evaluate and optimize the assay. The method employs two minor-groove binding probes, one of them recognizing a newly identified sequence in the opa genes. Testing a large panel of related and unrelated microorganisms revealed that other Neisseria strains and other microorganisms tested negative in the opa test. With a lower detection limit of one genome per reaction, the opa test appeared more sensitive than both the COBAS AMPLICOR (Roche Diagnostics Nederland BV, Almere, The Netherlands) and a LightCycler 16S rRNA test. Analysis of a panel of 122 COBAS AMPLICOR-positive samples revealed that 68% were negative in both the 16S rRNA test and the opa assay (confirming that the COBAS AMPLICOR test produces false positives), while 30% were positive in both assays. Three samples were opa positive and 16S rRNA negative, which may be due to the higher sensitivity of the opa assay. We conclude that the opa gene-based real-time amplification assay offers a sensitive, specific, semiquantitative, and reliable assay suitable for the detection of N. gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens and/or for confirmation of less specific tests.