gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Tool Suite for the Generation and Validation of Configurations for Software Availability (2009)

The Availability Management Framework (AMF) is a service responsible for managing the availability of services provided by applications that run under its control. Standardized by the Service Availability Forum (SAF), AMF requires for its operations a complete and compliant AMF configuration of the applications to be managed. In this paper, we describe two complementary and integrated tools for AMF configurations generation and validation. Indeed, writing manually an AMF configuration is a tedious and error prone task as a large number of requirements defined in the standard have to be taken into consideration during the process. One solution for ensuring compliance with the standard is the validation of the configurations against all the AMF requirements. For this, we have designed and implemented a domain model for AMF configurations and use it as a basis for an AMF configuration validator. To further ease the task of a configuration designer, we have devised and implemented a method for generating automatically AMF configurations.
Overexpression of patatin‐related phospholipase <scp>AIII</scp>δ altered plant growth and increased seed oil content in camelina (2014)

Camelina sativa is a Brassicaceae oilseed species being explored as a biofuel and industrial oil crop. A growing number of studies have indicated that the turnover of phosphatidylcholine plays an important role in the synthesis and modification of triacylglycerols. This study manipulated the expression of a patatin-related phospholipase AIIIδ (pPLAIIIδ) in camelina to determine its effect on seed oil content and plant growth. Constitutive overexpression of pPLAIIIδ under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic 35S promoter resulted in a significant increase in seed oil content and a decrease in cellulose content. In addition, the content of major membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, in 35S::pPLAIIIδ plants was increased. However, these changes in 35S::pPLAIIIδ camelina were associated with shorter cell length, leaves, stems, and seed pods and a decrease in overall seed production. When pPLAIIIδ was expressed under the control of the seed specific, β-conglycinin promoter, the seed oil content was increased without compromising plant growth. The results suggest that pPLAIIIδ alters the carbon partitioning by decreasing cellulose content and increasing oil content in camelina.
Operation of a gated field emitter using an individual carbon nanofiber cathode (2001)

We report on the operation of an integrated gated cathode device using a single vertically aligned carbon nanofiber as the field emission element. This device is capable of operation in a moderate vacuum for extended periods of time without experiencing a degradation of performance. Less than 1% of the total emitted current is collected by the gate electrode, indicating that the emitted electron beam is highly collimated. As a consequence, this device is ideal for applications that require well-focused electron emission from a microscale structure.
Production of FAME from acid oil, a by‐product of vegetable oil refining (2003)

Abstract Simple alkyl FA esters have numerous uses, including serving as biodiesel, a fuel for compression ignition (diesel) engines. The use of acid‐catalyzed esterification for the synthesis of FAME from acid oil, a by‐product of edible vegetable oil refining that is produced from soapstock, was investigated. Soybean acid oil contained 59.3 wt% FFA, 28.0 wt% TAG, 4.4 wt% DAG, and less than 1% MAG. Maximum esterification occurred at 65°C and 26 h reaction at a molar ratio of total FA/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1∶15∶1.5. Residual unreacted species under these conditions, as a fraction of their content in unesterified acid oil, were FFA, 6.6%; TAG, 5.8%; and DAG, 2.6%. This corresponds to estimated concentrations of FFA, 3.2%; TAG, 1.3%; and DAG, 0.2%, on a mass basis, in the ester product. In an alternative approach, the acylglycerol species in soapstock were saponified prior to acidulation. High‐acid (HA) acid oil made from this saponified soapstock had an FFA content of 96.2 wt% and no detectable TAG, DAG, or MAG. Optimal esterification conditions for HA acid oil at 65°C were a mole ratio of FFA/methanol/acid of 1∶1.8∶0.17, and 14 h incubation. FAME recovery under these conditions was 89% of theoretical, and the residual unesterified FFA content was approximately 20 mg/g. This was reduced to 3.5 mg/g, below the maximum FFA level allowed for biodiesel, by washing with NaCl, NaHCO 3 , and Ca(OH) 2 solutions. Alternatively, by subjecting the unwashed ester layer to a second esterification, the FFA level was reduced to less than 2 mg/g. The acid value of this material exceeded the maximum allowed for biodiesel, but was reduced to an acceptable value by a brief wash with 0.5 N NaOH.
Frequency reconfigurable MIMO slot and UWB sensing antennas for CR applications (2017)

In this paper, an integrated annular slot based 2-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna along with an ultra-wide-band (UWB) sensing antenna system is presented. The frequency reconfigurable slot based MIMO antenna system is tuned over a wide frequency band from 1.75 GHz to 2.48 GHz while the sensing antenna is resonating from 0.75 GHz to 7.65 GHz with an UWB operation. The frequency agile antenna covered several well known wireless standards. The proposed cognitive radio (CR) antenna system is suitable for wireless handheld devices and mobile terminals in CR applications. To analyze the MIMO performance metrics, envelop correlation coefficient values are computed to validate the MIMO operation.
Atomically precise surface engineering of silicon CCDs for enhanced UV quantum efficiency (2012)

The authors report here on a new technique, combining the atomic precision of molecular beam epitaxy and atomic layer deposition, to fabricate back illuminated silicon CCD detectors that demonstrate world record detector quantum efficiency (&gt;50%) in the near and far ultraviolet (155–300 nm). This report describes in detail the unique surface engineering approaches used and demonstrates the robustness of detector performance that is obtained by achieving atomic level precision at key steps in the fabrication process. The characterization, materials, and devices produced in this effort will be presented along with comparison to other approaches.
Service and Ultimate Behavior of Adjustable Bolted Steel Plate Connections (2020)

This paper experimentally and numerically investigates the service and ultimate behavior of adjustable bolted steel plate connections—slip-critical, splice plate connections that can join wide flange sections at a range of angles as well as adjust in situ to achieve additional angles or compensate for erection and fabrication tolerances. The connection is comprised of plates that are cold bent by a press brake to a specific set of angles, forming a prefabricated, kit-of-parts. Adjustability is achieved by further cold bending the plates in the field through bolt tightening. The slip and bolt shear behavior of the connection was experimentally tested by applying an axial force on a wide flange member (via a servo-controlled hydraulic actuator in displacement control) joined by the tested connection to another wide flange member (restrained by a rigid reaction frame). A total of 18 scenarios were tested to investigate the effect of (1) the direction and amount of cold bend via bolt tightening, (2) tightening approaches, (3) the direction of loading, and (4) the plate and member angle on the behavior. A finite-element numerical modeling approach was developed and validated, offering additional understanding of bolt behavior in the adjustable bolted steel connection. A degradation in slip capacity was observed due to a reduced clamping load. During bolt tightening, the bolts deform nonflush plies into contact with the flanges and are simultaneously being bent by contact with the plates, leading to this reduced clamping load. The bolt shear capacity can also be degraded due to the connection geometry, which can reduce the engagement of the shear planes. Recommendations for reductions in slip and bolt shear capacity are developed. Importantly, findings also offer insight into the behavior of bent connections, as well as misaligned or nonflush connections that are force-fit in the field.
Runtime implementation of modular radiance transfer (2011)

Real-time rendering of indirect lighting significantly enhances the sense of realism in video games. Unfortunately, previously including such effects often required time consuming scene dependent precomputation and heavy runtime computations unsuitable for low-end devices, such as mobile phones or game consoles. Modular Radiance Transfer (MRT) [Loos et al. 2011] is a recent technique that computes approximate direct-to-indirect transfer [Hašan et al. 2006; Kontkanen et al. 2006; Lehtinen et al. 2008] by warping and combining light transport, in real-time, from a small library of simple shapes. This talk focusses on implementation issues of the MRT technical paper, including how our run time is designed to scale across many different platforms, from iPhones to modern GPUs.
Ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE‐MT) imaging and modeling: magic angle independent biomarkers of tissue properties (2016)

MRI biomarkers such as T<sub>2</sub> , T<sub>2</sub> * and T<sub>1rho</sub> have been widely used, but are confounded by the magic angle effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of the two-dimensional ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) sequence for potential magic angle independent MR biomarkers. Magnetization transfer was investigated in cadaveric Achilles tendon samples using the UTE-MT sequence at five MT powers and five frequency offsets ranging from 2 to 50 kHz. The protocol was applied at five sample orientations ranging from 0 to 90° relative to the B<sub>0</sub> field. The results were analyzed with a two-pool quantitative MT model. Multiple T<sub>E</sub> data were also acquired and mono-exponential T<sub>2</sub> * was calculated for each orientation. Macromolecular proton fractions and exchange rates derived from UTE-MT modeling did not appreciably change between the various orientations, whereas the T<sub>2</sub> * relaxation time demonstrated up to a sixfold increase from 0° to 55°. The UTE-MT technique with two-pool modeling shows promise as a clinically compatible technique that is resistant to the magic angle effect. This method provides information on the macromolecular proton pool that cannot be directly obtained by other methods, including regular UTE techniques.
Development of a large amplitude 3D microgravity suspension system (1997)

This paper describes the development of a threedimensional, actively-controlled multi-cable suspension system for dynamically testing large space structures in a simulated weightless environment. The suspension system provides gravity off-load for laboratory simulation of large-amplitude maneuvers such as appendage deployment and slewing, capture and robotic positioning of satellites and other large objects, and vehicle docking and separation. Design, analysis and test results are presented.
Biologically Active N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Metal Complexes (2010)

The increasing popularity of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has yield in the past few years numerous new and exciting applications of these species, particularly as ligands in metal complexes. Complementarily, these ligands could have a prominent role in the development of new metallopharmaceuticals. Thanks to the number of different NHC–metal compounds that can be synthesized a wide variety of applications have emerged as bio-inorganic pharmaceuticals. Medicinal uses studied so far include powerful broad spectrum antibiotics and targeted antitumor agents.
<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> merozoites share neutralization-sensitive epitopes with sporozoites. (1990)

Sporozoites and merozoites are stages in the life cycle of Cryptosporidium parvum that can cyclically infect intestinal cells, causing persistent infection and severe diarrhea in immunodeficient patients. Infection by sporozoites can be neutralized by surface-reactive mAb. We show that merozoite infectivity can also be neutralized by surface-reactive mAb. To do this, viable C. parvum merozoites were isolated by differential and isopycnic. centrifugation, and distinguished from sporozoites by transmission electron microscopy. Differential reactivity with a panel of seven mAb was used to determine the amount of sporozoite contamination in isolated merozoite preparations. The isolated merozoites were distinguished from sporozoites (p less than 0.0001) by four sporozoite-specific mAb (16.332, 16.502, 17.25, and 18.357) in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Three mAb (16.29, 17.41, and 18.44) consistently reacted with both merozoites and sporozoites. Isolated merozoites were infectious for neonatal mice when administered by intraintestinal injection. Infectivity for mice was significantly neutralized (p less than 0.05) when 1 to 2 x 10(5) merozoites were incubated with sporozoite-neutralizing mAb 17.41 or 18.44, before inoculation. Merozoites incubated with an isotype control mAb remained infectious for neonatal mice. We conclude that C. parvum merozoites share neutralization-sensitive epitopes with sporozoites.
Characterization of a positive chemically amplified photoresist for process control (1998)

Chemically Amplified Resists (CARs) are much less observable than their i-line counterparts due to the absence of photoresist actinic absorbency. CARs however, exhibit resist thinning during the Post-Exposure Bake process (PEB). A Design of Experiments (DOE) technique was employed around the exposure and the PEB temperature for a commercial DUV photoresist. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique was used to measure the deprotection of the CARs after the PEB step while standard interferometry techniques were used for exposed area thickness loss measurements after the PEB step. Our analysis indicates that exposed area thickness loss is strongly correlated to the deprotection of the photoresist, so that thickness loss can serve as a reliable deprotection indicator and can hence be possibly used as an observable for control of the photolithography sequence.
Activation–mediated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell unresponsiveness during acute <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in mice (1996)

Infection of mice with Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to induce a transient state of immune down-regulation. Earlier reports have demonstrated the role of cytokines, in particular IL-10, in this host response. Here evidence is presented that T. gondii, a major opportunistic pathogen of the newborn and those with AIDS, is able to induce CD4(+) T cell apoptosis in the infected murine host. We have examined the changes in the CD4(+) T cell population that occur during acute infection in an experimental mouse model. Seventy-six percent of the CD4(+) T cell population increased in volume by day 7 post-infection and expressed T cell maturation markers (CD44(hi), IL-2Rhi, Mel-14(lo)). Further noted was a clonal activation of several CD4(+) T cell to mitogen or parasite antigen stimulation was observed, in particular Vbeta5 T cells. Addition of rIL-2 partially restored the CD4(+) T cell proliferative response in vitro. The T cell activation marker CTLA-4 could not be detected and the co-stimulatory molecule, CD28, was down-regulated. Electrophoretic and morphologic analysis of these cells post-culture demonstrated a DNA fragmentation pattern and cell death consistent with apoptosis. These studies demonstrate for the first time in a protozoan parasite that activation induced CD4(+) T cell unresponsiveness occurs during acute T. gondii infection in mice, and may be important in immune down-regulation and parasite persistence in the infected host.
Feasibility of Polymer/Drug Coating on Absorbable and Permanent Stent Platforms - Technological Challenges (2013)

Coating of drug-eluting stents demands different technologies depending on the nature of the stent platform, the intended coating design, and the coating materials. In this study, the complementary potentials of a spray-coating technology and a fluidized bed coating technology were assessed. Absorbable polymer stents and permanent metallic stents were coated with polymer/drug matrices based on poly(L-lactide) incorporated with the immunosuppressant sirolimus and the model substances fluorescein sodium, curcumin, and quinine. Process parameters were adjusted to yield optimal coating morphology. While spray-coating could be used to deposit even conversely asymmetric abluminal/luminal coating sandwiches, fluidized bed coating has shown tremendous throughput at a significant coating quality.
Predicting Transition in Turbomachinery: Part I — A Review and New Model Development (2004)

Here we report on an effort to include an empirically based transition modeling capability in a RANS solver. Testing of well-known empirical models from literature for both attached- and separated-flow transition against cascade data revealed that the models did not provide enough fidelity for implementation in an airfoil design system. Consequently, a program was launched to develop models that would provide sufficient accuracy for use in an airfoil design system. As a first step in the effort, accurate modeling of freestream turbulence development was identified as a need for any form of transition modeling capability. Additionally, capturing the effects of freestream turbulence on pre-transitional boundary layers was found to have a significant effect on the accuracy of transition modeling. A CFD-supplemented database of experimental cascade cases (57 with attached-flow transition and 47 with separation and turbulent reattachment) was constructed to explore the development of new correlations. Dimensional analyses were performed to guide the work and appropriate non-dimensional parameters were then extracted from CFD predictions of the laminar boundary layers existing on the airfoil surfaces prior to either transition onset or incipient separation. For attached-flow transition, exploration of the database revealed a distinct correlation between local levels of freestream turbulence intensity, turbulence length scale, and momentum-thickness Reynolds number at transition onset. It was found that the correlation could be recast as a ratio of the boundary-layer diffusion time to a time-scale associated with the energy-bearing turbulent eddies. In the case of separated-flow transition, it was found that the length of a separation bubble prior to turbulent re-attachment was a simple function of the local momentum thickness at separation and the overall surface length traversed by a fluid element prior to separation. Both the attached- and separated-flow transition models were implemented into the design system as point-like trips.
Analog and leaky predictive transform image coding for noisy channels: further results (2003)

Results are reported for a minimum mean squared error (MSE) analog predictive transform (APT) channel and source integrated (CSI) coding formulation. A novel refined CSI coding formulation is provided; it has a structure similar to that of a minimum MSE predictive transform (PT) estimator. This formulation assumes that the communication channel consists of zero mean additive white noise, that the information source is modeled using a whitening PT model of the Kalman type, and that the CSI encoder is linear and encodes the data using a strip processing structure. The technique is illustrated with real-world monochrome images and found to yield satisfactory results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photoligation of an Amphiphilic Polymer with Mixed Coordination Provides Compact and Reactive Quantum Dots (2015)

We introduce a new set of multicoordinating polymers as ligands that combine two distinct metal-chelating groups, lipoic acid and imidazole, for the surface functionalization of QDs. These ligands combine the benefits of thiol and imidazole coordination to reduce issues of thiol oxidation and weak binding affinity of imidazole. The ligand design relies on the introduction of controllable numbers of lipoic acid and histamine anchors, along with hydrophilic moieties and reactive functionalities, onto a poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) chain via a one-step nucleophilic addition reaction. We further demonstrate that this design is fully compatible with a novel and mild photoligation strategy to promote the in situ ligand exchange and phase transfer of hydrophobic QDs to aqueous media under borohydride-free conditions. Ligation with these polymers provides highly fluorescent QDs that exhibit great long-term colloidal stability over a wide range of conditions, including a broad pH range (3-13), storage at nanomolar concentration, under ambient conditions, in 100% growth media, and in the presence of competing agents with strong reducing property. We further show that incorporating reactive groups in the ligands permits covalent conjugation of fluorescent dye and redox-active dopamine to the QDs, producing fluorescent platforms where emission is controlled/tuned by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) or pH-dependent charge transfer (CT) interactions. Finally, the polymer-coated QDs have been coupled to cell-penetrating peptides to facilitate intracellular uptake, while subsequent cytotoxicity tests show no apparent decrease in cell viability.
Integrated two-stage coal liquefaction (1982)

In conclusion, the recent pilot-plant runs have demonstrated the viability of the integrated two-stage concept. The effect of the recycle solvent on the Short Contact Time (SCT) reaction and hydrogen-consumption efficiency for the overall process have been confirmed from material and elemental balances around each unit. The hydrogen-transfer capabilities of the solvent and the ability of the LC-Fining process to re-hydrogenate the depleted solvent have been demonstrated in the pilot plant. By shifting the extract conversion to the catalytic LC-Fining stage, gas yields are minimized and distillate yields are maximized, thereby resulting in a hydrogen-consumption efficiency close to the theoretical maximum. The PDU (Process Development Unit) is now processing Illinois No. 6 coal. Runs with a sub-bituminous coal and a cleaned coal are planned for the next two years. Additional development work is planned to further optimize the process configuration and overall Integrated Two Stage Liquefaction (ITSL) economics. 1 figure, 5 tables.
Leakage mechanisms in the trench transistor DRAM cell (1988)

The authors discuss a band-to-band tunneling mechanism in the trench transistor cell (TTC), which is used in Texas Instruments' 4-Mbit DRAM. This effect should be operative in the class of trench cells in which the charge is stored inside the trench and the substrate forms a capacitor plate. This effect does not compromise the functionality of the cell; in fact, it has the potential of improving the long-term reliability of the cell by preventing electrical overstress of the trench capacitor oxide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RNB (RbNbB206) and its isomorphs—a new family of nonlinear-optical materials (1993)

The new crystal RNB (RbNbB 2 0 6 ) has been investigated and the XYB 2 O 6 family of isomorphs (where X=Cs, Rb, K, Y=Nb or Ta) has been identified as a potential structure for χ (2) type nonlinear optical applications.