gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fluorescent Photoprobe for the Imaging of Endothelin Receptors (2007)

A novel fluorescent photoprobe for the imaging of endothelin A receptors (ET(A)R) was developed. Based on the nonpeptidyl, high-affinity, and selective ET(A)R antagonist 3-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-5-hydroxy-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-5H-furan-2-one (PD 156707), a modification of the lead structure with a PEG-spacer containing an amino moiety was performed. Labeling of this precursor with the fluorescent marker Cy 5.5 NHS-ester was accomplished by adaption of common peptide labeling procedures. The affinity of the Cy 5.5-labeled receptor antagonist was evaluated using human carcinoma cell lines with different degrees of ET(A)R expression. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that ET(A)R-positive MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma and HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells effectively bind the photoprobe at very low doses (nM), while ET(A)R-negative MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells showed no fluorescence signal. Binding specificity of the probe could be demonstrated by predosing with a specific ET(A)R antibody or the parent antagonist PD 156707 as a competing inhibitor. The results suggest that the modified photoprobe tightly binds to ET(A) receptors and thus may be a possible candidate for the imaging of ET(A)R-overexpressing tissues in vivo.
Optimal autonomous control of an inverter-based microgrid using particle swarm optimization (2010)

In this paper, optimal controller design of the nonlinear model of an autonomous inverter-based microgrid has been used. The controller is optimized to reject the high frequency disturbances and damp the output LC filter to avoid resonance with the external network. The control problem has been formulated as optimization problem. The optimal controller parameters have been obtained by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO). This is done based on minimization of the error in the measured power. Finally, the nonlinear time domain simulation has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed controller under different disturbances and loading conditions.
Continuous hydrogenation of organic compounds in supercritical fluids (1997)

A small flow reactor (5 ml volume) is used for continuous hydrogenation in supercritical CO 2 or propane with polysiloxane-supported noble metal catalysts; a wide range of organic functionalities can be hydrogenated with good throughput (up to 1200 ml h - 1 in favourable cases) and the various parameters (temperature, pressure, concentration of H 2 , etc.) can be controlled independently to optimise the selectivity for a particular product.
Analysis of orthogonal signal of dual-mass micro-machined gyroscope (2022)

The dual-mass Silicon micro-machined gyroscope was processed by micro-fabrication technology. It could lead to quadrature coupling error and influence the output of the silicon micro-gyroscope. We select two commonly used gyroscope structures and analyze their quadrature coupling coefficient. Firstly, the complete dynamic model is proposed for the DMSG and the theoretical models of sensitivity and orthogonal signals are given by the dynamic model. Second, the influence of support structure on sensitivity and orthogonal signals are analyzed. The sensitivity and orthogonal signal of the two types of DMSG are derived and compared. The results show that the theoretical accuracy of the sensitivity and orthogonal signals can be improved about 50% and 30% after considering the support structure. The type-B gyroscope are insensitive to the Coriolis force (≈13% reduction) when compared to Type-A gyroscope. On the other hand the type-B gyroscope are insensitive to coupling stiffness (≈85% reduction) when compared to Type-A gyroscope. At last, the reliability of the theory is verified by simulations and experiments.
Regeneration of spent activated carbon (1976)

According to this patent application, spent activated carbon is regenerated by contacting it with formaldehyde in an amount sufficient to restore its activation. Following the treatment the regenerated carbon is rinsed to remove residual formaldehyde and is then ready for use. When the activated carbon has lost its reductive and sorbant properties through use, i.e., when it has become 'spent,' it is replaced with fresh activated carbon. The spent carbon is then either discarded or regenerated. Discarding the spent carbon is wasteful and oftentimes harmful to the environment.
Nanoparticles Displaying Allergen and Siglec-8 Ligands Suppress IgE-FcεRI–Mediated Anaphylaxis and Desensitize Mast Cells to Subsequent Antigen Challenge (2021)

Siglec-8 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on eosinophils and mast cells. In this study, we took advantage of a novel Siglec-8 transgenic mouse model to assess the impact of modulating IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis using a liposomal platform to display an allergen with or without a synthetic glycan ligand for Siglec-8 (Sig8L). The hypothesis is that recruitment of Siglec-8 to the IgE-FcεRI receptor complex will inhibit allergen-induced mast cell degranulation. Codisplay of both allergen and Sig8L on liposomes profoundly suppresses IgE-mediated degranulation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells or rat basophilic leukemia cells expressing Siglec-8. In contrast, liposomes displaying only Sig8L have no significant suppression of antigenic liposome-induced degranulation, demonstrating that the inhibitory activity by Siglec-8 occurs only when Ag and Sig8L are on the same particle. In mouse models of anaphylaxis, display of Sig8L on antigenic liposomes completely suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in transgenic mice with mast cells expressing Siglec-8 but has no protection in mice that do not express Siglec-8. Furthermore, mice protected from anaphylaxis remain desensitized to subsequent allergen challenge because of loss of Ag-specific IgE from the cell surface and accelerated clearance of IgE from the blood. Thus, although expression of human Siglec-8 on murine mast cells does not by itself modulate IgE-FcεRI-mediated cell activation, the enforced recruitment of Siglec-8 to the FcεRI receptor by Sig8L-decorated antigenic liposomes results in inhibition of degranulation and desensitization to subsequent Ag exposure.
Analysis of Palette Mode on Versatile Video Coding (2019)

The next generation video compression standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC), is being developed by the ITU-T/ISO/IEC Joint Video Experts Team (JVET). Screen content coding is one of the target applications of the new standard. Palette mode has been investigated in the previous standard, High Efficient Video Coding Screen Content Coding Extension (HEVC-SCC), and can efficiently compress color clusters in screen content. This paper evaluates the palette mode on VVC. With the proposed modifications, the palette mode can achieve 33.1%, 16.6%, and 8.8% BD-rate saving for "YUV, text & graphics sequences" under all intra (AI), random access (RA), and low-delay B (LB) common test conditions, respectively.
Large Girth Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for Long-Haul High-Speed Optical Communications (2008)

An FEC scheme based on large girth LDPC codes is proposed. A girth-10 block-circulant LDPC code of rate 0.8 outperforms its turbo-product code counterpart by 0.95 dB at BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> , on an AWGN channel. It provides the net effective coding gain of 10.95 dB at BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . In long-haul optical transmission at 40-Gb/s it provides at least 1.47 dB improvement over corresponding turbo-product code.
Rheological and Physical Properties of Derivitized Whey Protein Isolate Powders (2000)

Pregelatinized starch is employed in many food applications due to the instantaneous nature of thickening and stability imparted by modification. Proteins, however, have been excluded as a viscosifying agent due to requisite thermal treatments required to create structure. Whey protein isolate gels were produced while manipulating heating time, pH, and mineral type/content, producing a variety of gel types/networks. Gels were frozen, freeze-dried, and ground into a powder. Once reconstituted in deionized water, gel powders were evaluated based on solubility studies, rotational viscometry, and electrophoresis. The protein powder exhibiting the largest apparent viscosity, highest degree of hydrolysis, and greatest solubility was selected for pH and temperature stability analyses and small amplitude oscillatory rheology. This processing technique manipulates WPI into a product capable of forming cold-set weak gel structures suitable for thickening over a wide range of temperature and pH food systems.
Early Results Utilizing High-Energy Fission Product (Gamma) Rays to Detect Fissionable Material in Cargo (2004)

A concept for detecting the presence of special nuclear material ({sup 235}U or {sup 239}Pu) concealed in intermodal cargo containers is described. It is based on interrogation with a pulsed beam of 7 MeV neutrons that produce fission events and their {beta}-delayed neutron emission or {beta}-delayed high-energy {gamma}-radiation between beam pulses provide the detection signature. Fission product {beta}-delayed {gamma}-rays above 3 MeV are nearly ten times more abundant than {beta}-delayed neutrons and are distinct from natural radioactivity and from nearly all of the induced activity in a normal cargo. Detector backgrounds and potential interferences with the fission signature radiation have been identified and quantified. An important goal in the US is the detection of nuclear weapons or special nuclear material (SNM) concealed in intermodal cargo containers. This must be done with high detection probability, low false alarm rates, and without impeding commerce, i.e. about one minute for an inspection. The concept for inspection has been described before and its components are now being evaluated. While normal radiations emitted from plutonium may allow its detection, the majority of {sup 235}U {gamma} ray emission is at 186 keV, is readily attenuated by cargo, and thus not a reliable detection signature for passive detection. Delayed neutron detection following a neutron or photon beam pulse has been used successfully to detect lightly or unshielded SNM targets. While delayed neutrons can be easily distinguished from beam neutrons they have relatively low yield in fission, approximately 0.008 per fission in {sup 239}Pu and 0.017 per fission in {sup 235}U, and are rapidly attenuated in hydrogenous materials making that technique unreliable when challenged by thick hydrogenous cargo overburden. They propose detection of {beta}-delayed high-energy {gamma} radiation as a more robust signature characteristic of SNM.
Molecularly Engineered Ru(II) Sensitizers Compatible with Cobalt(II/III) Redox Mediators for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2016)

Thiocyanate-free isoquinazolylpyrazolate Ru(II) complexes were synthesized and applied as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Unlike most other successful Ru sensitizers, Co-based electrolytes were used, and resulting record efficiency of 9.53% was obtained under simulated sunlight with an intensity of 100 mW cm(-2). Specifically, dye 51-57dht.1 and an electrolyte based on Co(phen)3 led to measurement of a JSC of 13.89 mA cm(-2), VOC of 900 mV, and FF of 0.762 to yield 9.53% efficiency. The improved device performances were achieved by the inclusion of 2-hexylthiophene units onto the isoquinoline subunits, in addition to lengthening the perfluoroalkyl chain on the pyrazolate chelating group, which worked to increase light absorption and decrease recombination effects when using the Co-based electrolyte. As this study shows, Ru(II) sensitizers bearing sterically demanding ligands can allow successful utilization of important Co electrolytes and high performance.
Quantum equation of motion for computing molecular excitation energies on a noisy quantum processor (2020)

The computation of molecular excitation energies is essential for predicting photo-induced reactions of chemical and technological interest. While the classical computing resources needed for this task scale poorly, quantum algorithms emerge as promising alternatives. In particular, the extension of the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm to the computation of the excitation energies is an attractive option. However, there is currently a lack of such algorithms for correlated molecular systems that is amenable to near-term, noisy hardware. In this work, we propose an extension of the well-established classical equation of motion approach to a quantum algorithm for the calculation of molecular excitation energies on noisy quantum computers. In particular, we demonstrate the efficiency of this approach in the calculation of the excitation energies of the LiH molecule on an IBM Quantum computer.
Multidimensional turbo product and generalized LDPC codes with component RS codes suitable for use in beyond 100 Gb/s optical transmission (2009)

We present two hard-decision decoding schemes suitable for use in beyond 100 Gb/s optical transmission. The first scheme is based on multidimensional turbo product codes (MTPCs) with component Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The second scheme is based on generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes with component RS codes. The proposed schemes perform comparable to recent concatenation of RS and LDPC codes proposal, and solve the problem of nonexistence of A/D converters operating above 100 Gb/s.
Electroless Deposition of Cu-In-Ga-Se Thin Films (1999)

Copper‐indium‐gallium‐selenium thin films have been prepared by electroless deposition technique on an substrate. Electroless precursors are prepared by short‐circuiting the substrate to the counter electrode. The films are characterized by inductively coupled plasma and X‐ray analysis. The device fabricated using electroless precursor films resulted in a solar cell efficiencyof 12.4%. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Engineering the Binding Site of an Antibody against <i>N</i>-Glycolyl GM3: From Functional Mapping to Novel Anti-ganglioside Specificities (2012)

The structurally related gangliosides N-glycolyl GM3 and N-acetyl GM3 are potential targets for tumor immunotherapy. 14F7 is a monoclonal antibody able to discriminate the tumor-specific antigen N-glycolyl GM3 from the closely related N-acetyl GM3 on the basis of the presence of a single additional hydroxyl group in the former. A combinatorial phage display strategy, based on the screening of a large library followed by refined mutagenesis, allowed a thorough exploration of the binding chemistry of this unique antibody. Three essential features of the heavy chain variable region were identified: two aromatic rings (in positions 33 and 100D) contributing to the binding site architecture and an arginine residue (position 98) critical for recognition. Directed evolution of 14F7 resulted in novel variants that cross-react with the tumor-associated antigen N-acetyl GM3 and display recurrent replacements: the substitution W33Q and the appearance of additional arginine residues at several positions of CDR H1. Successful conversion of such engineered variable regions into whole cross-reactive anti-GM3 immunoglobulins validated our phage-based approach to study and modify the lead antibody 14F7. The resulting family of closely related antibodies offers new tools to study the mechanisms of cell death induced by antibodies targeting gangliosides. In vitro directed evolution was useful to overcome the technical limitations to obtain anti-ganglioside antibodies. The case of 14F7 illustrates the power of combining library screening with focused site-directed randomization for a comprehensive scanning of protein interactions.
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION FOR ULTRASONIC GAS FLOW METERS (2003)

This paper discusses fundamental issues relative to ultrasonic gas flow meters used for measurement of natural gas. A basic review of an ultrasonic meter’s operation is presented to understand the typical operation of today’s Ultrasonic Gas Flow Meter (USM). The USM’s diagnostic data, in conjunction with gas composition, pressure and temperature, will be reviewed to show how this technology provides diagnostic benefits beyond that of other primary measurement devices. The basic requirements for obtaining good meter performance, when installed in the field, will be discussed with test results. Finally, recommendations for installation will be provided, including an example of a good piping design.
Rate pitch discrimination in cochlear implant users with the use of double pulses and different interpulse intervals (2019)

The rate pitch discrimination ability of cochlear implant (CI) users is poor compared to normal-hearing (NH) listeners. At low pulse rates, the just noticeable difference (JND) is on average 20% of the base rate, while NH listeners can discriminate small frequency differences of 0.2% at 1 kHz. Recent investigations suggest that double pulses with short interpulse intervals (IPIs) may have a beneficial effect on rate pitch discrimination in CI users. In a first experiment psychophysical tests were carried out to establish whether rate pitch in CI users could be improved by applying double pulses with equal amplitude and short IPIs. Pulse trains with base rates of 200 and 400 pps, composed of either single pulses or double pulses with IPIs of 15, 50, and 150 μs were presented. In a second experiment pairwise comparisons were carried out between pitch of a pulse train composed of alternating double and single pulses with pitch of pulse trains composed of single pulses. The alternating pulse train had a base rate of 400 pps, the pulse trains with solely single pulses had base rates of 200, 300, and 400 pps. The loudness and pitch perception of the different stimulus types were evaluated and compared. A significant loudness difference was found between single and double pulses for both pulse rates. The JND for pitch discrimination between double-pulse IPIs had a high inter-subject variability, and no significant group effect was found. No subject reported a pitch change between double pulse and single pulse stimulation. In contrast, most of the subjects recognized a change in pitch between single-pulse trains and pulse trains with alternating double and single pulses. The latter was lower in pitch than the single-pulse train stimulation. To conclude, using (equal amplitude) double pulses instead of single pulses in a pulse train does not effect pitch perception. Instead, loudness differs between double pulses and single pulses with the same amplitude.
Parametric evaluation of ambient desorption optical emission spectroscopy utilizing a liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge microplasma (2017)

The operational parameters of the AD-LS-APGD-OES microplasma have been evaluated in terms of understanding their roles in analyte response.
Dispersing and Functionalizing Carbon Nanotubes Using Conjugated Block Copolymers (2010)

Conjugated block copolymers have been used to disperse and functionalize pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Upon a simple sonication, the conjugated polymer block such as polythiophenes can form strong π-π interactions with CNT walls, while the non-conjugated polymer block provides the de-bundled CNTs with a good solubility and stability in a wide range of organic solvents and host polymer matrices. Various block copolymers have been utilized to fabricate CNT nanocomposites with unique mechanical and electrical properties. The conductive block copolymers not only provide a universal system to disperse CNTs but also introduce other interesting properties into the system. Such non-invasive approach generates promising CNT composites for energy conversion and storage applications.
Feedback cancellation in hearing aids (2001)

Harry Levitt was an early advocate of digital signal processing for hearing aids. His interest included not only algorithms for compression and speech enhancement, but also more practical issues such as obtaining the desired hearing aid versus frequency response at the ear drum. Acoustic feedback is one problem that can limit the maximum gain possible in a hearing aid. Feedback cancellation, in which the acoustic feedback signal is estimated and subtracted from the microphone input, allows for greater hearing-aid signal amplification, and feedback cancellation was included in the work that Harry supported in his research group. In this presentation, the effects of feedback on the hearing-aid response will be reviewed. Digital adaptive filter techniques for feedback cancellation will then be presented, along with measurements indicating the limitations of feedback cancellation.
Detection and mapping of thermal lesions using dual-mode ultrasound phased arrays (2003)

It has long been recognized that thermal lesions formed using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) exhibit nonlinear behavior that can be detected in pulse-echo ultrasound. Second harmonic imaging of freshly formed thermal lesions have consistently shown significant enhancement in their visualization confirming this nonlinear behavior. In this paper, we describe a post-beamforming nonlinear filtering algorithm based on a second-order Volterra filter (SVF) model that separates the linear and quadratic components of the echo signal leading to significant enhancement of lesion visualization. Images from ex vivo tissue samples are shown to demonstrate the level of contrast enhancement achieved with the SVF-based quadratic filter compared with standard echo and 2nd harmonic imaging results.
Machine learning for a Toolkit for Image Mining (1995)

A prototype user environment is described that enables a user with very limited computer skills to collaborate with a computer algorithm to develop search tools (agents) that can be used for image analysis, creating metadata for tagging images, searching for images in an image database on the basis of image content, or as a component of computer vision algorithms. Agents are learned in an ongoing, two-way dialogue between the user and the algorithm. The user points to mistakes made in classification. The algorithm, in response, attempts to discover which image attributes are discriminating between objects of interest and clutter. It then builds a candidate agent and applies it to an input image, producing an 'interest' image highlighting features that are consistent with the set of objects and clutter indicated by the user. The dialogue repeats until the user is satisfied. The prototype environment, called the Toolkit for Image Mining (TIM) is currently capable of learning spectral and textural patterns. Learning exhibits rapid convergence to reasonable levels of performance and, when thoroughly trained, Fo appears to be competitive in discrimination accuracy with other classification techniques.
Antitumor activity of an immunotoxin in a nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer. (1987)

An immunotoxin composed of an antibody to the human transferrin receptor (454A12) and ricin A chain (RTA) was shown to inhibit the growth of NIH:OVCAR-3 tumors in a nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer. Inhibition of tumor growth by 454A12-RTA was related to the dose administered. The antitumor activity of the immunotoxin was blocked by coinjection of excess antibody with immunotoxin. An immunotoxin made using 454A12 and recombinant ricin A chain (rRTA) had an activity similar to that made with native RTA. The administration of 10 micrograms or greater of the immunotoxin 454A12-RTA/rRTA had significant antitumor activity. The injection of 30 micrograms of an irrelevant immunotoxin, MOPC21-RTA, or 30 to 500 micrograms of the 454A12 antibody had no antitumor activity.