gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-Sided Passivated Contacts for Solar Cell Applications: An Industrially Viable Approach Toward 24% Efficient Large Area Silicon Solar Cells (2019)

Tunnel layer passivated contacts have been successfully demonstrated for next-generation silicon solar cell concepts, achieving improved device performance stemming from the significantly reduced contact recombination of the solar cell contacts. However, these carrier-selective passivated contacts are currently deployed only at the rear side of the silicon solar cell, while the front side adopts a conventional diffused junction and contacting scheme. In this work, we report on the novelty and feasibility of deploying tunnel layer passivated contacts on both sides of a silicon wafer-based solar cell, featuring a textured front surface and a planar rear surface. In particular, we demonstrate that silicon solar cells incorporating our in-house developed electron-selective thermal-SiO x /poly-Si(n + ) and hole-selective thermal-SiO x /poly-Si(p + ) passivated contacts have a solar cell efficiency potential approaching 24%. Deploying contact passivation only at the rear side of the solar cell, we have reached a solar cell efficiency of 21.7%, using conventional screen printing for metallization. We present a systematic approach of evaluating our in-house developed electron-selective and hole-selective passivated contacts on both textured and planar lifetime test structures, as well as dark I-V test structures, to extract the recombination current density j 0 and the contact resistance R c of the passivated contact, which is used for process optimization as well as for subsequent efficiency potential prediction. The two key challenges aiming at a double-sided integration of passivated contacts are (1) parasitic absorption within the front-side highly doped poly-Si capping layer, requiring the processing of ultrathin (10-nm) contact passivation layers. This has been quantified by numerical simulation (using SunSolve) and also solved experimentally, i.e., processing ultrathin 3-/10-nm hole/electron extracting SiO x /poly-Si(p + /n + ) passivated contact layers, reaching an implied open-circuit voltage of 690/703 mV on a planar/textured silicon surface, which will even further enhance after SiN x capping. (2) Ensuring process compatibility with conventional screen printing: Screen printing on electron extracting poly-Si(n + ) seems feasible; however, screen printing on holeextracting poly-Si(p + ) is still a challenge. Solar cell precursors have been processed, showing excellent pre-metallization results (implied-V OC $ 713 mV). According to our efficiency potential prediction (using the measured j 0 and R c values of our developed contact passivation layers), bifacial double-sided passivated contact solar cells (efficiency potential of $23.2%, using our layers) can clearly outperform rearside-only passivated contact solar cells (efficiency potential of $22.5%).
Antiplatelet Therapy for Elective Coronary Stenting: A Moving Target (2003)

The recognition of the major contribution of platelet-mediated mechanisms to the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications after coronary stenting has led to the development and evaluation of different antiplatelet regimens. The combination of aspirin and adenosine diphosphate antagonists such as ticlopidine and clopidogrel has solved the issue of acute stent thrombosis. The timing and dose of dual oral antiplatelet therapy have, however, changed over time with a shift from postintervention treatment to preintervention treatment with a high loading dose of clopidogrel. Pretreatment with aspirin and clopidogrel has been associated with a further 30% reduction in ischemic complications after coronary intervention. Recent data have even shown that in case of optimal pretreatment with such a dual oral antiplatelet therapy, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists are no longer mandatory for elective coronary stenting and should be reserved only for high-risk procedures or for acute coronary interventions.
Surfactant based on aromatic extract sulfonate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurfactant based on aromatic extract sulfonateAbou El Naga H. Hamdi, Abdel Azim M. Wedad, Sideros K. Naguib, and Awad G. NaderCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 8, 1710–1716Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00020a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00020a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Localization and regulation of GLUTx1 glucose transporter in the hippocampus of streptozotocin diabetic rats (2001)

We describe the localization of the recently identified glucose transporter GLUTx1 and the regulation of GLUTx1 in the hippocampus of diabetic and control rats. GLUTx1 mRNA and protein exhibit a unique distribution when compared with other glucose transporter isoforms expressed in the rat hippocampus. In particular, GLUTx1 mRNA was detected in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and granule neurons of the dentate gyrus as well as in nonprincipal neurons. With immunohistochemistry, GLUTx1 protein expression is limited to neuronal cell bodies and the most proximal dendrites, unlike GLUT3 expression that is observed throughout the neuropil. Immunoblot analysis of hippocampal membrane fractions revealed that GLUTx1 protein expression is primarily localized to the intracellular compartment and exhibits limited association with the plasma membrane. In streptozotocin diabetic rats compared with vehicle-treated controls, quantitative autoradiography showed increased GLUTx1 mRNA levels in pyramidal neurons and granule neurons; up-regulation of GLUTx1 mRNA also was found in nonprincipal cells, as shown by single-cell emulsion autoradiography. In contrast, diabetic and control rats expressed similar levels of hippocampal GLUTx1 protein. These results indicate that GLUTx1 mRNA and protein have a unique expression pattern in rat hippocampus and suggest that streptozotocin diabetes increases steady-state mRNA levels in the absence of concomitant increases in GLUTx1 protein expression.
Formation of regular step arrays on Si(111)7×7 (1998)

Highly regular arrays of steps are produced on vicinal Si(111)7×7 surfaces. A tilt of the surface normal from (111) toward (1̄1̄2) produces single steps (0.3 nm high and typically 15 nm apart). The opposite tilt toward (112̄) produces bunched steps with adjustable height (1–5 nm) and a spacing of 70 nm. Preparation criteria for straight edges and regular spacings are determined, taking into account the miscut angle (azimuthal and polar), annealing sequence, current direction, and applied stress.
Software data-triggered threads (2012)

The data-triggered threads (DTT) programming and execution model can increase parallelism and eliminate redundant computation. However, the initial proposal requires significant architecture support, which impedes existing applications and architectures from taking advantage of this model. This work proposes a pure software solution that supports the DTT model without any hardware support. This research uses a prototype compiler and runtime libraries running on top of existing machines. Several enhancements to the initial software implementation are presented, which further improve the performance. The software runtime system improves the performance of serial C SPEC benchmarks by 15% on a Nehalem processor, but by over 7X over the full suite of single-thread applications. It is shown that the DTT model can work in conjunction with traditional parallelism. The DTT model provides up to 64X speedup over parallel applications exploiting traditional parallelism.
Context switch overheads for Linux on ARM platforms (2007)

Context switching imposes a performance penalty on threads in a multitasking environment. The source of this penalty is both direct overhead due to running the context switch code and indirect overhead due to perturbation of caches. We calculate indirect overhead by measuring the running time of tasks that use context switching and subtracting the direct overhead. We also measure the indirect overhead impact on the running time of tasks due to processor interrupt servicing. Experiment results are presented for the Linux kernel running on an ARM processor based mobile device platform.
Embedded Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter in Half Bridge Class-D Audio Amplifier for Suppressing Bus Voltage Pumping (2021)

In this article, a half-bridge class-D audio amplifier (HB-CDAA) system with embedded bidirectional buck–boost converter is proposed. The proposed HB-CDAA system consists of a front-end symmetric bipolar output converter, a bidirectional buck–boost converter, and an HB-CDAA. With the help of the embedded bidirectional buck–boost converter, bus voltage pumping on the output of the front-end symmetric bipolar output converter of HB-CDAA can be suppressed. Thus, small ceramic capacitors can be used as bus capacitors to increase power density and to improve audio output quality. Furthermore, ZVS of the embedded bidirectional buck–boost converter can be achieved. The operating principle of the proposed circuit is analyzed and an experimental prototype is built. Experimental results show that ZVS of the embedded bidirectional buck–boost converter is achieved, and bus voltage pumping is successfully suppressed with small bus capacitors.
Characteristics and applications of adsorbents for pyrogen removal (1988)

Characteristics and applications of immobilized histidine and immobilized histamine for pyrogen removal were investigated. Immobilized histidine showed a high affinity for pyrogen at low ionic strength and over a wide pH range. The adsorption capacity was 0.53 mg of lipopolysaccharide per milliliter of the adsorbent. The apparent dissociation constant was 1.57 X 10(-9) M. The adsorption of pyrogen to immobilized histidine decreased with increasing ionic strength, but pyrogen could be adsorbed even at ionic strengths of gamma/2 = 0.05-0.1, at which other substances were little adsorbed; that is, specific adsorption of pyrogen was observed. The adsorption of pyrogen could be increased at ionic strengths of gamma/2 = 0.05-0.1 by using a lower flow rate or a longer column length. Immobilized histidine and immobilized histamine could be used for the removal of natural pyrogens contaminating various useful low-molecular-weight compounds as well as high-molecular-weight compounds such as proteins.
Enhanced mechanical and electrical properties of heteroscaled hydrogels infused with aqueous-dispersible hybrid nanofibers (2019)

Despite the widespread use as platforms for various biomedical applications, engineering hydrogels to impart multifunctionality and control physical properties, while closely mimicking the native cellular microenvironment, is still a significant challenge. Herein, nanofibers consisting of hydrophilic and photocrosslinkable biopolymer and conductive polymer (i.e. PEDOT:PSS) are first fabricated via electrospinning, cut into micrometer-lengths, and chemically crosslinked to develop dispersible hybrid nanofiber (dhNF) as heteroscale reinforcing elements for developing nanocomposite hydrogels. The dhNF can be readily dispersed in aqueous precursor solutions without dissolution and incorporated into hydrogels. The resulting 'heteroscale' dhNF-infused hydrogels, consisting of molecular and nanofibrous polymeric network, more closely resembles natural extracellular matrix, and show significant improvement on both mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, by dhNF concentration as well as PEDOT:PSS content in dhNF. These properties not only directly help improve the viability and proliferation of encapsulated cells, but also more effectively relayed external electrical stimulation mediated by enhanced conductivity.
The homeobox gene <i>GLABRA 2</i> is required for position-dependent cell differentiation in the root epidermis of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1996)

The role of the Arabidopsis homeobox gene, GLABRA 2 (GL2), in the development of the root epidermis has been investigated. The wild-type epidermis is composed of two cell types, root-hair cells and hairless cells, which are located at distinct positions within the root, implying that positional cues control cell-type differentiation. During the development of the root epidermis, the differentiating root-hair cells (trichoblasts) and the differentiating hairless cells (atrichoblasts) can be distinguished by their cytoplasmic density, vacuole formation, and extent of elongation. We have determined that mutations in the GL2 gene specifically alter the differentiation of the hairless epidermal cells, causing them to produce root hairs, which indicates that GL2 affects epidermal cell identity. Detailed analyses of these differentiating cells showed that, despite forming root hairs, they are similar to atrichoblasts of the wild type in their cytoplasmic characteristics, timing of vacuolation, and extent of cell elongation. The results of in situ nucleic acid hybridization and GUS reporter gene fusion studies show that the GL2 gene is preferentially expressed in the differentiating hairless cells of the wild type, during a period in which epidermal cell identity is believed to be established. These results indicate that the GL2 homeodomain protein normally regulates a subset of the processes that occur during the differentiation of hairless epidermal cells of the Arabidopsis root. Specifically, GL2 appears to act in a cell-position-dependent manner to suppress hair formation in differentiating hairless cells.
A low-noise inductor-less fractional-N sub-sampling PLL with multi-ring oscillator (2017)

In this paper, a compact inductor-less PLL using multiple coupled rings oscillator is presented. Sub-sampling technique with soft loop gain switching is applied to reduce the in-band phase noise. As a result, the loop bandwidth can be widened, which suppresses the phase noise from ring oscillator as well. Fractional-N mode is implemented by utilizing the multiple phase outputs inherently generated by the ring VCO. Using multiple rings instead of one allows generating more phases for finer frequency resolution without decreasing oscillation frequency. The coupled multi-ring oscillator with proper phase shift also achieves reduced phase noise comparing to their single-ring counterpart. The PLL was implemented in a 0.13um CMOS technology, consuming 19 mW from a 1.3 V power supply. The measured largest in-band fractional spur at 2.08 MHz is -42 dBc. The measured integrated jitters were 571 fs and 690 fs around 1.2GHz output in integer mode and fractional mode respectively, achieving a FoM of -230 dB.
Genes for elongation factor EF‐1α in the brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> (1983)

A plasmid carrying a cDNA sequence coding for elongation factor EF-1 alpha from Artemia was used to probe blots of mRNA and chromosomal DNA from Artemia. A messenger length for EF-1 alpha corresponding to 1850 nucleotides was found. Southern blots pointed to a limited number (1-4) of genes, coding for EF-1 alpha. From an Artemia gene library a recombinant phage was isolated, which contains genomic sequences of EF-1 alpha. S1-nuclease mapping indicated the presence of intervening sequences within this cloned gene.
Current Concepts in Paediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures (2017)

Pediatric femoral shaft fractures account for less than 2% of all fractures in children. However, these are the most common pediatric fractures necessitating hospitalization and are associated with prolonged hospital stay, prolonged immobilization and impose a significant burden on the healthcare system as well as caregivers. In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive review of epidemiology, aetiology, classification and managemement options of pediatric femoral shaft fractures.
Thin film cracking in plastic packages-analysis, model and improvements (2002)

Describes the physical characteristics of the thin-film cracking (TFC) phenomenon and a model which explains the interactions among the key variables such as die corner layout style, package materials, die size, die thickness, and passivation topology. Data were tabulated on several plastic products to determine if there was any commonality. Comparison was also made between layouts for different products using optical microscopy and SEM/EDX where necessary. It was determined that four main factors (layout style, materials, die thickness, and passivation type) impact thin-film cracking to different degrees. A stress factor versus cycles plot from several configurations were developed which can help predict potential jeopardy as a function of variables identified above. This plot resembles the Coffin-Manson law and depicts safe and unsafe regions for factors that modulate temperature cycling stress. It appears that two possible mechanisms help improve TFC performance. On one hand tiny sacrificial structures help interlock the molding compound and contain the damage, whereas significant decoupling between molding compound and the passivation seems to reduce the overall damaging stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Turning Offense into Defense: Making Sense of Public Citizen's Arguments against the WTO (2005)

ABSTRACT\nThe World Trade Organization (WTO) is under considerable fire from nearly every quarter. Undoubtedly, the biggest gun currently belongs to Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch (GTW). GTW is the undisputed leader of the coalition that derailed the Millennium Round of WTO talks in Seattle. In 2004, GTW published a second edition of its book, Whose Trade Organization? that had been the manifesto of the Seattle protesters.\nThe WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) is one of the most frequent target of the anti-WTO crowd (and sometimes the pro-WTO crowd.) One chapter of GTW’s book is reserved for its criticism of the DSB. In this chapter, GTW makes four main arguments. One, that the GATT dispute settlement system was superior to that of the WTO. Two, that the dispute settlement system is rigged against the poor countries. Third, that the WTO dispute settlement system is secret and unaccountable. Fourth, that the DSB panelists and Appellate Body members are incompetent free trade fanatics.\nThe first argument is not true. The GATT system ensured that the most important decisions would never be implemented. The second argument is only true to the extent that any competitive system will favor a party that has more resources with which to compete. The third argument is true, although not nearly to the degree that GTW would have its readers think. The fourth argument is not true. Regardless of their truth, all of GTW’s arguments are converted into counterfactuals to evaluate their desirability.\nThe paper concludes that GTW makes three types of arguments. The first type is based on accurate assertions. The second is based on exaggerated assertions. The third type is based on inaccurate assertions. All of GTW’s counterfactually deduced propositions lead to questionable or undesirable outcomes.
Neuron-Level Fuzzy Memoization in RNNs (2019)

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a key technology for applications such as automatic speech recognition or machine translation. Unlike conventional feed-forward DNNs, RNNs remember past information to improve the accuracy of future predictions and, therefore, they are very effective for sequence processing problems.
Automatic synthesis of asynchronous circuits from high-level specifications (1989)

The authors construct a processor design approach that does not require the distribution of a clocking signal. To facilitate design of processors that use fully asynchronous components, the first step is to design hazard-free asynchronous interconnection circuits. To this end, a deterministic algorithm was developed to synthesize asynchronous interconnection circuits from high-level specifications. This approach systematically designs correct asynchronous interconnection circuits with the weakest possible constraints and minimal overhead. The authors are primarily concerned with the synthesis of nonmetastable circuits, even though the procedure is also valid of metastable circuit synthesis. The synthesized logic is hazard-free and guaranteed to have the fastest operation according to a behavioral specification. A high-level description is used to specify circuit behavior, not only for a simpler input format, but also as a basis for determining the final optimum designs. Automatic synthesis and the ability to localize the timing considerations reduce design effort when systems become complex.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of complex subband Hybrid Filter Banks A/D converters using adaptive filters (2009)

Hybrid Filter Banks (HFB) A/D converters (ADC) may be an attractive solution for future cognitive radio application. In this paper, using complex adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter whose coefficients are initialized with zero, their optimal values are achieved by iterative adjustments. This synthesis method is validated for a complex subband HFB by simulation in the time-domain.
Total Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Equol (2006)

The first enantioselective total synthesis of (S)-equol is reported. The described route relies on an Evans alkylation to form the stereocenter and an intramolecular Buchwald etherification to generate the chroman ring. Key features of this method include its brevity, its scalability, and the low cost of starting materials. [reaction: see text].