gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrable wide-free-spectral-range Fabry–Perot optical filters using free-standing LiNbO_3 thin films (2005)

We demonstrate the use of free-standing thin films of a complex oxide for chip-scale optical filtering. The films are used as low-order etalons with very large free spectral ranges that exceed 6.78 THz (> 50 nm at 1550 nm) and use a small chip area (< 500 microm2) when they are integrated. The films are produced by crystal ion slicing; this process exfoliates a micrometers-thin layer of single-crystal optical material from a bulk parent by means of high-energy-ion implantation. The etalons, which are 10 microm thick with Ag deposited on both surfaces, are integrated into a silica-on-silicon waveguide block.
Comprehensive proteome profiling of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles identifies markers for more aggressive disease (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in glioblastoma (GBM) biology and represent novel sources of biomarkers that are detectable in the peripheral circulation. Despite this notionally non-invasive approach to assess GBM tumours in situ, a comprehensive GBM EV protein signature has not been described. Here, EVs secreted by six GBM cell lines were isolated and analysed by quantitative high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, 844 proteins were identified in the GBM EV proteome, of which 145 proteins were common to EVs secreted by all cell lines examined; included in the curated EV compendium (Vesiclepedia_559; http://microvesicles.org ). Levels of 14 EV proteins significantly correlated with cell invasion (invadopodia production; r<sup>2</sup> > 0.5, p < 0.05), including several proteins that interact with molecules responsible for regulating invadopodia formation. Invadopodia, actin-rich membrane protrusions with proteolytic activity, are associated with more aggressive disease and are sites of EV release. Gene levels corresponding to invasion-related EV proteins showed that five genes (annexin A1, actin-related protein 3, integrin-β1, insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor and programmed cell death 6-interacting protein) were significantly higher in GBM tumours compared to normal brain in silico, with common functions relating to actin polymerisation and endosomal sorting. We also show that Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) washings are a novel source of brain tumour-derived EVs, demonstrated by particle tracking analysis, TEM and proteome profiling. Quantitative proteomics corroborated the high levels of proposed invasion-related proteins in EVs enriched from a GBM compared to low-grade astrocytoma tumour. Large-scale clinical follow-up of putative biomarkers, particularly the proposed survival marker annexin A1, is warranted.
Development of Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (2022)

There has been a rapid development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and also blood biomarkers in the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical research and drug development. Clinical research studies support that the core AD CSF biomarkers amyloid beta (Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 ratio), total-tau (t-tau), and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) reflect key elements of AD pathophysiology. The “Alzheimer CSF profile”, decreased Aβ42/40 ratio together with increased t-tau and p-tau, has high diagnostic value, and high concordance with amyloid PET. These biomarkers have undergone thorough standardization and are today available on fully automated laboratory analyzers. Recent technical developments in the field of ultrasensitive immunoassays and mass spectrometry methods also allow for measurement of these AD biomarkers in blood samples. Blood neurofilament light may also be a biomarker to grade axonal degeneration in AD and other neurodegenerative disorders. These biomarkers are important in AD drug development, for screening tools and diagnostic markers, and the verification of target engagement of candidate molecules in early trials and identification of downstream drug effects in late-stage trials.
Detecting nanoscale distribution of protein pairs by proximity dependent super-resolution microscopy (2019)

ABSTRACT Interactions between biomolecules such as proteins underlie most cellular processes. It is crucial to visualize these molecular-interaction complexes directly within the cell, to show precisely where these interactions occur and thus improve our understanding of cellular regulation. Currently available proximity-sensitive assays for in-situ imaging of such interactions produce diffraction-limited signals and therefore preclude information on the nanometer-scale distribution of interaction complexes. By contrast, optical super-resolution imaging provides information about molecular distributions with nanometer resolution which has greatly advanced our understanding of cell biology. However, current co-localization analysis of super-resolution fluorescence imaging is prone to false positive signals as the detection of protein proximity is directly dependent on the local optical resolution. Here we present Proximity-Dependent PAINT (PD-PAINT), a method for sub-diffraction imaging of protein pairs, in which proximity detection is decoupled from optical resolution. Proximity is detected via the highly distance-dependent interaction of two DNA labels anchored to the target species. Labeled protein pairs are then imaged with high contrast and nanoscale resolution using the super-resolution approach of DNA-PAINT. The mechanisms underlying the new technique are analyzed by means of coarse-grained molecular simulations and experimentally demonstrated by imaging DNA-origami tiles and epitopes of cardiac proteins in isolated cardiomyocytes. We show that PD-PAINT can be straightforwardly integrated in a multiplexed super-resolution imaging protocol and benefits from advantages of DNA-based super-resolution localization microscopy, such as high specificity, high resolution and the ability to image quantitatively.
A High Biotin Diet Improves the Impaired Glucose Tolerance of Long-Term Spontaneously Hyperglycemic Rats with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. (1996)

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, serving as a spontaneously diabetic model with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), exhibits impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at about 16 weeks of age. In this study, we investigated whether or not biotin, a water-soluble vitamin, improved the IGT of OLETF rats. To this end, we administered diets containing one of three levels of biotin, a high-biotin diet (BH), a normal-biotin diet (BN) and a basal-biotin diet (BB), to OLETF rats up to 24 weeks of age. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed four times between 13 and 22 weeks of age. The administration of a BH corrected the IGT of OLETF rats. Upon further investigation, we found that insulin secretion in the OLETF-BH rats was decreased to a significant extent, signaling that the hyperinsuline mia typical to the OLETF-BH rats had clearly improved. Body weights were significantly lower in the OLETF-BH group than in the other OLETF groups, even though the OLETF-BH rats showed a significantly higher average daily food intake. The body weight gain of the OLETF-BH rats followed the same tendency as the control-LETO (Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka) rats (LETO-BB and LETO-BN). These results demonstrate that a high-level biotin diet can improve the glucose handicap in NIDDM rats.
Learning to Generate Sequences with Combination of Hebbian and Non-hebbian Plasticity in Recurrent Spiking Neural Networks (2017)

Synaptic Plasticity, the foundation for learning and memory formation in the human brain, manifests in various forms. Here, we combine the standard spike timing correlation based Hebbian plasticity with a non-Hebbian synaptic decay mechanism for training a recurrent spiking neural model to generate sequences. We show that inclusion of the adaptive decay of synaptic weights with standard STDP helps learn stable contextual dependencies between temporal sequences, while reducing the strong attractor states that emerge in recurrent models due to feedback loops. Furthermore, we show that the combined learning scheme suppresses the chaotic activity in the recurrent model substantially, thereby enhancing its' ability to generate sequences consistently even in the presence of perturbations.
Prostaglandin E2, Interleukin 1α, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Increase Human Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption in Vitro* (1998)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the cytokines interleukin (IL) 1alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha increase bone resorption in vivo, but the effect of these agents on osteoclastic bone resorption has never been studied in an in vitro human system. Our recently described human bone marrow culture system, in which osteoclasts are generated (vitronectin and calcitonin receptor-positive cells which resorb bone), was used to study the effects of these agents. Addition of indomethacin to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-treated cultures nearly abolished osteoclast parameters, indicating that prostaglandins are virtually essential for human osteoclast formation. Additionally, PGE2 dose responsively increased osteoclast numbers and bone resorption. The effects of M-CSF and PGE2 are independent, as demonstrated by unaltered PGE2 concentrations in culture supernatants in spite of the dose-responsive increase in osteoclast parameters in response to M-CSF. The generation of osteoclasts in the presence of PGE2 occurred in favor of CD 14-positive macrophage formation. IL 1alpha and TNFalpha increased osteoclast parameters in a dose-responsive manner. Maximum stimulation yielded culture supernatant levels of PGE2 approximately the same as those concentrations of exogenous PGE2 that dramatically induced osteoclast formation. This osteoclast-inducing effect was inhibited both by indomethacin and by the specific inhibitor of inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase, NS398, and this was reversed by addition of exogenous PGE2. These results demonstrate unequivocally that IL 1alpha and TNFalpha enhance human osteoclast formation and suggest that they mediate their effects through PGE2.
Multi-Speaker Localization Using Convolutional Neural Network Trained with Noise (2017)

The problem of multi-speaker localization is formulated as a multi-class multi-label classification problem, which is solved using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based source localization method. Utilizing the common assumption of disjoint speaker activities, we propose a novel method to train the CNN using synthesized noise signals. The proposed localization method is evaluated for two speakers and compared to a well-known steered response power method.
Chemical structure and sweet taste of isocoumarins and related compounds. X. Syntheses of sweet 5-hydroxyflavanones and related dihydrochalcones. (1978)

On the basis of the information from our previous studies on structure-sweetness relationships of phyllodulcin and related 3, 4-dihydroisocoumarins, syntheses of sweet flavanones and dihydrochalcones are designed. 5-Hydroxyflavanones, VII, IX, and X, and dihydrochlacone XIII has a sweet taste and the others are tasteless. The structuresweetness relationships of these compounds are discussed. It is considered that the mode of interaction of 5-hydroxyflavanones and Dihydrochalcone (DHC) lacking glycoside group with a sweet receptor seems to be similar to that of 3, 4-dihydroisocoumarins.
Global time optimal motions of robotic manipulators in the presence of obstacles (2003)

A practical method to obtain the global time optimal motions of robotic manipulators is presented. This method takes into account the nonlinear manipulator dynamics, actuator constraints, joint limits, and obstacles. Previously developed methods of optimizing manipulator motions along given paths and a local path optimization are utilized. A set of best paths is obtained first in a global search over the manipulator workspace, using graph search and hierarchical pruning techniques. These paths are used as initial conditions for a continuous path optimization to yield the global optimal motion. Examples of optimized motions of a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator, operating in a three-dimensional space with obstacles, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmentation of Secreted and Intracellular Gamma Interferon following Johnin Purified Protein Derivative Sensitization of Cows Naturally Infected with <i>Mycobacterium Avium</i> Subsp. <i>Paratuberculosis</i> (2007)

Measurement of secreted interferon (IFN)-gamma has proven to be a valuable tool for the detection of animals infected with mycobacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Previous reports have suggested that tuberculin skin testing can influence the performance of the IFN-gamma assay. In the present study, healthy noninfected cows, and cows subclinically and clinically infected with M. paratuberculosis were administered an intradermal injection of johnin purified protein derivative (JPPD) and effects on secreted and intracellular IFN-gamma were observed. Intradermal injection resulted in significant increases in secreted IFN-gamma for subclinically infected cows after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with concanavalin A or M. paratuberculosis antigen preparations (whole-cell sonicate and JPPD) on days 7 and 10 postinjection. Intracellular IFN-gamma was increased after intradermal injection in total PBMC for all treatment groups and was higher within CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations for infected cows compared to healthy controls throughout the study. When T-cell populations were further defined by CD45RO expression, intracellular IFN-gamma was higher within CD8+/CD45RO+ lymphocytes compared to CD4+/CD45RO+ cells for subclinically and clinically infected cows but similar within these subpopulations for healthy controls. These results indicate that intradermal sensitization of cows in the subclinical stage of infection will upregulate expression of IFN-gamma, enhancing the sensitivity of this assay. In addition, CD8+ lymphocytes appear to play an important role as a mediator of M. paratuberculosis infection in naturally exposed cattle.
Buy here, or keep driving? The effect of geographic market density on retail gas prices (2016)

Using market data from six midsized U.S. metro areas with similar isolation from neighboring retail markets, this paper examines the effects of location on retail price, while controlling for brand effects. Spatial regression analysis accommodates the potential of spatially correlated errors, and sensitivity analysis tests for several measures of retail location concentration. Results point to reproducible brand premiums and some location-based price differences, but also show the counterintuitive finding that areas with more market competition do not show significantly lower retail gas prices.
Initial experience with AMSA as single agent treatment against malignant lymphoproliferative disorders (1981)

Thirty previously treated adults with lymphoma received AMSA as single agent therapy. All patients had previously received adriamycin- containing chemotherapy regimens and either failed to respond initially or responded but subsequently relapsed. The dose used was 40 mg/sq m.i.v. daily x3. For patients with compromised marrow reserve or elevated bilirubin, a 25% reduction was used. Ten of 30 patients achieved an objective response (3 CR, 3 PR, and 4 less than PR). Of the 3 patients achieving a complete remission, 2 with histiocytic lymphoma remain in remission and are currently off treatment at 14+ and 18+ mo. The response rate to AMSA was found to correlate with the type of response to frontline therapy and also with the number of previous relapses. Complete remissions on AMSA were only seen in patients who had achieved a CR on frontline treatment and who were treated on their first relapse. AMSA is an active drug against malignant lymphoma and deserves further investigation.
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the analysis of synthetic polymers (1998)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry has been applied over the past 5 years with increasing success to the analysis of synthetic polymers. Basic principles and instrumental parameters influencing the spectra are described. Examples from different areas of polymer research with emphasis on technically relevant systems elucidate the highly useful features of this kind of mass spectrometry, i. e. determination of absolute molar masses, high mass range, reasonable mass resolution, high sensitivity, relative ease of operation even for polar molecules. Molar mass distributions can be obtained in a mass range that is problematic for other mass determining techniques. A detailed characterization of the underlying chemistry can be obtained in many cases by an endgroup analysis. Especially in combination with other separation techniques, a comprehensive characterization of chemical heterogeneity can be achieved. Recent developments, e. g. delayed extraction to enhance the mass resolution obtainable, will further increase the favorable prospects of this technique.
Broadband Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion in Quantum Dot–Quantum Well Heterostructures (2015)

Upconversion is a nonlinear process in which two, or more, long wavelength photons are converted to a shorter wavelength photon. It holds great promise for bioimaging, enabling spatially resolved imaging in a scattering specimen and for photovoltaic devices as a means to surpass the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. Here, we present dual near-infrared and visible emitting PbSe/CdSe/CdS nanocrystals able to upconvert a broad range of NIR wavelengths to visible emission at room temperature. The synthesis is a three-step process, which enables versatility and tunability of both the visible emission color and the NIR absorption edge. Using this method, one can achieve a range of desired upconverted emission peak positions with a suitable NIR band gap.
Bringing it all back home: Continuity of government planning for local government (2009)

Continuity of government (COG) planning for local government is an important aspect of our nation's preparedness. COG plans help to prepare local government officials for emergencies in their jurisdiction by identifying legal authorities, orders of succession, and alternate facilities. This article summarizes relevant guidance, outlines key features, and provides substantive examples of the content of local government COG plans.
WiFi indoor localization based on K-means (2016)

A large number of studies show that in complex indoor propagation environment, parameters of indoor positioning method for typical applications, such as localization performance of TOA, TDOA, AOA, RSSI method is often less than ideal. In order to reduce the influence of indoor environmental factors on the indoor wireless positioning, improve the positioning accuracy and expand the location area, the indoor wireless positioning method based on WiFi K-means is proposed. The improved distance formula is used to take into account the effect of attribute values, and the difference between different objects can be calculated more accurately. The AP in the position of each room is established by testing the signal strength of different signals. The experimental results show that the precision in location probability of 3 meters is more than 80%, which relative than hard clustering algorithm, positioning accuracy is improved.
Is systems pharmacology ready to impact upon therapy development? A study on the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (2017)

We suggest solutions that facilitate systems pharmacology studies, based on the introduction of standards for data capture that increase the power of experimental data. We propose a systems pharmacology workflow for the refinement of data and the generation of future therapeutic hypotheses.
Subtype selectivity and flexibility of ionotropic glutamate receptors upon antagonist ligand binding (2006)

The binding modes of a set of known ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist-ligands have been studied using homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The core structure of the studied ligands is the decahydroisoquinoline ring, which has a carboxylic acid group at position three and different negatively-charged substituents (R) at position six. The binding affinities of these molecules have been reported earlier. From the current study, the carboxylate group of the decahydroisoquinoline ring hydrogen bonds with Arg485, the amino group with Pro478 and Thr480, and the negatively charged substituent R interacts with the positively charged N-terminus of helix-F. The subtype selectivity of these ligands seems to be strongly dependent on the amino acid at position 650 (GluR2: leucine, GluR5: valine), which affects the conformation of the ligand and ligand-receptor interactions, but depends considerably on the size of the R-group of the ligand. In addition, the MD simulations also revealed that the relative positions of the S1 and S2 domains can alter significantly showing different "closure" and "rotational movements" depending on the antagonist-ligand that is bound. Accordingly, molecular docking of antagonist ligands into static crystal structures cannot sufficiently explain ligand binding and subtype selectivity.
Coherent Plasmon and Phonon-Plasmon Resonances in Carbon Nanotubes (2017)

Carbon nanotubes provide a rare access point into the plasmon physics of one-dimensional electronic systems. By assembling purified nanotubes into uniformly sized arrays, we show that they support coherent plasmon resonances, that these plasmons couple to nanotube and substrate phonons, and that the resulting phonon-plasmon resonances have quality factors as high as 10. Because nanotube plasmons intensely strengthen electromagnetic fields and light-matter interactions, they provide a compelling platform for surface-enhanced spectroscopy and tunable optical devices at deep-subwavelength scales.
Influence of compatibilizing system on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of high flow polypropylene reinforced with short hemp fibers (2014)

Simultaneous influence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPP) and silane-treated hemp fibers (HF) on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of high-flow polypropylene (PP) modified with poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) was studied in this paper. The addition of SEBS reduced the efficiency of MAPP in PP composites with HF, thus silane-treated fibers (HFs) were used to improve polymer–fiber interface. Thermal stability of HF was improved after silane treatment and less than 2% weight loss was observed at 240 °C in composites with 30 wt% HF. Better dispersion of fibers and better efficiency in enhancing static and dynamic mechanical properties of PP, doubling its strength and stiffness were observed in composites with treated fibers compared to untreated ones. High ability to absorb and dissipate energy and well-balanced strength and stiffness were showed by PP modified with SEBS and MAPP containing 30 wt% HFs. These composites were studied as an alternative to conventional PP/glass fibers composites for injection molding of small to medium auto parts.
The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001–2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health (2007)

BV is a common condition; 84% of women with BV did not report symptoms. Because BV increases the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, BV could contribute to racial disparities in these infections.
Comparison of a New Braid Fixation System to an Interlocking Intramedullary Nail for Tibial Osteotomy Repair in an Ovine Model (2009)

A Nitinol Braid system may be a treatment option for transverse midshaft tibial fractures.