gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Situ</i> Activated Zinc-Copper Couple for the Preparation of a Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of Dideoxyinosine (DDI) (1997)

Abstract Abstract: Didehydrodideoxyadenosine 2 is a key intermediate in the synthesis of the AIDS drug dideoxyinosine. An improved method for the preparation of this compound using in situ activated zinc-copper couple is described.
The STAT3 Target Mettl8 Regulates Mouse ESC Differentiation via Inhibiting the JNK Pathway (2018)

The capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into all lineages of mature organism is precisely regulated by cellular signaling factors. STAT3 is a crucial transcription factor that plays a central role in maintaining ESC identity. However, the underlying mechanism by which STAT3 directs differentiation is still not completely understood. Here, we show that STAT3 positively regulates gene expression of methyltransferase-like protein 8 (Mettl8) in mouse ESCs. We found that METTL8 is dispensable for pluripotency but affects ESC differentiation. Subsequently, we discovered that METTL8 interacts with Mapkbp1's mRNA, which is an intermediate factor in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, and inhibits the translation of the mRNA. Thereby, METTL8 prohibits the activation of JNK signaling and enhances the differentiation of mouse ESCs. Collectively, our study uncovers a STAT3 target, Mettl8, which regulates mouse ESC differentiation via JNK signaling.
Compression of depth information for 3D rendering (2009)

This paper presents a novel strategy for the compression of depth maps. The proposed scheme starts with a segmentation step which identifies and extracts edges and main objects, then it introduces an efficient compression strategy for the segmented regions' shape. In the subsequent step a novel algorithm is used to predict the surface shape from the segmented regions and a set of regularly spaced samples. Finally the few prediction residuals are efficiently compressed using standard image compression techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme not only offers a significant gain over JPEG2000 on various types of depth maps but also produces depth maps without edge artifacts particularly suited to 3D warping and free viewpoint video applications.
Inkjet-Deposited Interconnections for Electronic Packaging (2007)

Inkjet technology provides an interesting approach for electronic manufacturing. Small volumes of functional material e.g., conductive ink are dispensed on top of the substrate. Electrical circuits are formed by suitable printing sequence and sintering processes. In this paper, we present a concept of inkjet deposited System-in-Package (SiP). The package contains bare ICs and discrete passive components that are encapsulated with resin mold. Encapsulation material works as a substrate for interconnections, which are directly deposited on top of the mold. All connections between the components and connections to the I/O pins are formed by inkjetting silver nano-particle and dielectric inks. Silver nano-particles are sintered in an oven at 220°C and resistivity values lower than 5 μΩcm are reported. Precuring of a substrate in a higher temperature than the sintering temperature of silver nano-particles, decreases the resistivity of the lines. As a conclusion, the sintering profile needs to be considered carefully in order to achieve resistance requirements set by the design. This paper focuses on interconnections and system integration design aspects.
[The latest progress in studies of human oral microbiome]. (2010)

With the successful implementation of Human Genome Project, more and more scientists started to pay attention on the second genome of human body: Microbiome. This paper will briefly introduce the latest developments of the Human Microbiome Project, the human oral microbiome research, and new technologies of microbial gene research.
Two Genes Link Two Distinct Psychoses (2005)

During the past decade, the tools of molecular genetics have begun to bear fruit in searches for selective genes involved in the major psychotic illnesses, schizophrenia and affective disorder. The most direct evidence involves the gene DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) (1). On page 1187 of this issue (2), Millar et al., who pioneered the discovery of DISC1 (3), now report a chromosomal translocation in schizophrenia involving the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4B, PDE4B. DISC1 binds PDE4B1, but an increase in cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dissociates the proteins and activates the phosphosdiesterase. This discovery affords a molecular explanation of cognitive and affective dysfunction and may clarify the relationship between schizophrenia and affective illness, thus potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.
eRAID: A Queueing Model Based Energy Saving Policy (2006)

Recently energy consumption becomes an ever critical concern for both low-end and high-end storage servers. In this paper, we propose an energy saving policy, eRAID (energy-efficient RAID), for mirrored redundant disk array systems. eRAID saves energy by spinning down partial or entire mirror disk group with controllable performance degradation. We first develop an energy-saving model for multi-disk environments by taking into account both disk characteristics and workload features. Then, we develop a queueing model based performance (response time and throughput) control scheme for eRAID. Experimental results show that eRAID can save up to 32% energy without violating predefined performance degradation constraints.
A review on nanofluids - part II: experiments and applications (2008)

Research in convective heat transfer using suspensions of nanometer-sized solid particles in base liquids started only over the past decade. Recent investigations on nanofluids, as such suspensions are often called, indicate that the suspended nanoparticles markedly change the transport properties and heat transfer characteristics of the suspension. This second part of the review covers fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in forced and free convection flows and potential applications of nanofluids. Opportunities for future research are identified as well.
Further Development of the Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance: Iterative Reliability Testing (2017)

The Assessment of Military Multitasking Performance (AMMP) is a battery of functional dual-tasks and multitasks based on military activities that target known sensorimotor, cognitive, and exertional vulnerabilities after concussion/mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The AMMP was developed to help address known limitations in post concussive return to duty assessment and decision making. Once validated, the AMMP is intended for use in combination with other metrics to inform duty-readiness decisions in Active Duty Service Members following concussion. This study used an iterative process of repeated interrater reliability testing and feasibility feedback to drive modifications to the 9 tasks of the original AMMP which resulted in a final version of 6 tasks with metrics that demonstrated clinically acceptable ICCs of > 0.92 (range of 0.92-1.0) for the 3 dual tasks and > 0.87 (range 0.87-1.0) for the metrics of the 3 multitasks. Three metrics involved in recording subject errors across 2 tasks did not achieve ICCs above 0.85 set apriori for multitasks (0.64) and above 0.90 set for dual-tasks (0.77 and 0.86) and were not used for further analysis. This iterative process involved 3 phases of testing with between 13 and 26 subjects, ages 18-42 years, tested in each phase from a combined cohort of healthy controls and Service Members with mTBI. Study findings support continued validation of this assessment tool to provide rehabilitation clinicians further return to duty assessment methods robust to ceiling effects with strong face validity to injured Warriors and their leaders.
A Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Intramolecular Stetter Reaction (2002)

A family of chiral triazolium salts has been developed for inducing the asymmetric intramolecular Stetter reaction. The use of an aminoindanol-derived catalyst affords optimal results, with the product keto esters formed in 82-97% ee and very good chemical yield. Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are equally competent substrates for this reaction. The reaction conditions are reasonably mild and allow the isolation of the newly formed stereocenter without epimerization, although the presumed carbenic intermediates are strong bases.
Protein Kinase-Actuated Resonance Energy Transfer in Quantum Dot−Peptide Conjugates (2010)

Bioconjugates of quantum dot nanocrystals possess unique optical properties that allow them to serve as exceptional biological imaging and sensing reagents. Protein kinases are an important family of enzymes that phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine side chains and are critical in cell signaling and cancer biology, but despite their biomedical and pharmaceutical significance, their activity has been little explored using quantum dot technology. We demonstrate that self-assembled peptide-quantum dot conjugates can serve as surrogate substrates in a simple homogeneous assay for protein kinase activity. Enzymatic phosphorylation of the peptide-conjugates is detected by means of a complementary FRET-acceptor labeled antiphosphotyrosine antibody, with formation of the immunocomplex resulting in energy transfer between the quantum dot and FRET acceptor molecules. This approach should facilitate the development of new assays for protein kinases and other enzymes based on quantum dot FRET donors.
Study on Conformity Technology with ULEV Using EHC System (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An electrically heated catalyst (EHC) and an electric pump driven secondary air supply were employed to heat and energize the catalyst immediately after starting the engine. This measure made it possible for a high performance in-line four-cylinder engine with an exhaust system layout of 4-2-1 to meet the Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) category of the Californian Air Resource Board (CARB).</div>
Syntax-Aware Data Augmentation for Neural Machine Translation (2023)

Data augmentation is an effective method for the performance enhancement of neural machine translation (NMT) by generating additional bilingual data. In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation strategy for neural machine translation. Unlike existing data augmentation methods that simply modify words with the same probability across different sentences, we introduce a sentence-specific probability approach for word selection based on the syntactic roles of words in the sentence. Our motivation is to consider a linguistics-motivated method to obtain more ingenious language generation rather than relying on computation-motivated approaches only. We argue that high-quality aligned bilingual data is crucial for NMT, and only computation-motivated data augmentation is insufficient to provide good enough extra enhancement data. Our approach leverages dependency parse trees of input sentences to determine the selection probability of each word in the sentence using three different functions to calculate probabilities for words with different depths. Besides, our method also revises the probability for words considering the sentence length. We evaluate our methods on multiple translation tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed data augmentation method does effectively boost existing sentence-independent methods for significant improvement of performance on translation tasks. Furthermore, an ablation study shows that our method does select fewer essential words and preserves the syntactic structure.
A graphical inference mechanism (1987)

Abstract: This paper describes an inference system which lends itself to graphical representation. An implementation of the system is described, and its application in a legislation based domain is illustrated. The methodology for knowledge elicitation which the system is intended to support is briefly indicated. The algorithm is described, and semantics for the system are given.
Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders: A Step-by-Step Treatment Manual (2001)

M.G. Craske, D.H. Barlow, Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. S. Calhoun, P.A. Resick, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. D.A. Hope, R.G. Heimberg, Social Phobia and Social Anxiety. T.A. Brown, T.A. O'Leary, D.H. Barlow, Generalized Anxiety Disorder. D.S. Riggs, E.B. Foa, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J.E. Young, A.T. Beck, A. Weinberger, Depression. G.T. Wilson, K.M. Pike, Eating Disorders. K.D. Brownell, P.M. O'Neil, Obesity. B.S. McCrady, Alcoholism. M.M. Linehan, C.A. Kehrer, Borderline Personality Disorder. M.P. Carey, J.P. Wincze, A.W. Meisler, Male Erectile Disorder. J.V. Cordova, N.S. Jacobson, Couples Distress.
MicroC<sup>3</sup>: an ex vivo microfluidic cis-coculture assay to test chemosensitivity and resistance of patient multiple myeloma cells (2015)

Chemosensitivity and resistance assays (CSRAs) aim to direct therapies based upon ex vivo responses of patient tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. However, successful CSRAs are yet to be developed. Here, we exposed primary CD138(+) multiple myeloma (MM) cells to bortezomib, a clinical proteasome inhibitor, in microfluidic-cis-coculture (MicroC(3)) incorporating the patient's own CD138(-) tumor-companion mononuclear cells to integrate some of the patients' own tumor microenvironment components in the CSRA design. Statistical clustering techniques segregated MicroC(3) responses into two groups which correctly identified all seventeen patients as either clinically responsive or non-responsive to bortezomib-containing therapies. In contrast, when the same patient MM samples were analyzed in the absence of the CD138(-) cells (monoculture), the tumor cell responses did not segregate into clinical response clusters. Thus, MicroC(3) identified bortezomib-therapy MM patient responses making it a viable CSRA candidate toward enabling personalized therapy.
Network Coding: An Introduction (2008)

Network coding promises to significantly impact the way communications networks are designed, operated, and understood. This book presents a unified and intuitive overview of the theory, applications, challenges, and future directions of this emerging field, and is a must-have resource for those working in wireline or wireless networking. • Uses an engineering approach - explains the ideas and practical techniques • Covers mathematical underpinnings, practical algorithms, code selection, security, and network management • Discusses key topics of inter-session (non-multicast) network coding, lossy networks, lossless networks, and subgraph-selection algorithms Starting with basic concepts, models, and theory, then covering a core subset of results with full proofs, Ho and Lun provide an authoritative introduction to network coding that supplies both the background to support research and the practical considerations for designing coded networks. This is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers in electronic and computer engineering and for practitioners in the communications industry
Kauluamine, an unprecedented manzamine dimer from an Indonesian marine sponge, Prianos sp. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKauluamine, an unprecedented manzamine dimer from an Indonesian marine sponge, Prianos sp.Ikuko I. Ohtani, Toshio Ichiba, Minoru Isobe, Michelle Kelly-Borges, and Paul J. ScheuerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 43, 10743–10744Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00148a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00148a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A uniform focal spot X-ray tube with improved MTF and kW rating. (1985)

Focal spots of conventional x-ray tubes have a "twin-peaked" intensity distribution perpendicular to the axis of the tube. This results in a poorer modulation transfer function (MTF) than would be obtained with a uniform intensity distribution having the same input power rating (kW). It is demonstrated that such an intensity distribution can be obtained by employing a ribbon-shaped filament. Experimental results are presented for both the ribbon filament and a conventional helical coil using a stationary anode. For a 0.3-mm focal spot spatial frequency of 2.0 c/mm, a uniform intensity distribution gave an MTF of about 50%, compared to 20% for a conventional tube at the same kW rating.
Short-Circuit Failure Model of SiC MOSFET Including the Interface Trapped Charges (2019)

This article has presented a physics-based model which replicates the failure of SiC MOSFET under shortcircuit (SC) case. The model is constructed on the base of the traditional circuit model of SiC MOSFET by introducing two leakage current mechanisms; one is the leakage current between the drain and the source, and another is the gate leakage current. Furthermore, the carrier mobility characterized with trapped charges at the interface of SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is adopted. The failure model had been validated against the experimental results. With the developed failure model, the failure mechanism of SiC MOSFET under a SC event is analyzed; the impact of interface trapped charges on the SC performances of SiC MOSFET is exploited. Moreover, the SC failure for SiC MOSFET with different OFF-state gate voltages has been addressed; the behavior of interface trapped charges has been analyzed.
APPLYING TUNGSTEN CARBIDE COBALT COATINGS BY HIGH VELOCITY COMBUSTION SPRAYING (1988)

Based on the metallurgical principles of the tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) system, the factors influencing successful coating are classified and discussed in relation to the characteristics of the high velocity combustion (HVC) spraying process, the features of the spraying powder used, and the influences of the substrate material to be coated. By using the HVC spraying process, phase changes induced in the WC-Co system can be minimized. The high velocity of the spray particles makes it possible to obtain extremely dense coatings, and the type of powder chosen plays a very important role. Abrasion tests carried out to study the relationship between microstructure characteristics and specific service properties are described. The tungsten carbide cobalt coatings are used above all for protection against wear and tear. Applications are noted, and include protective coatings for bearing seatings and for piston rods.
18.8 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator with a photonic integrated chip (2021)

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce true random numbers. Yet, the two most important QRNG parameters highly desired for practical applications, i.e., speed and size, have to be compromised during implementations. Here, we present the fastest and miniaturized QRNG with a record real-time output rate as high as 18.8 Gbps by combining a photonic integrated chip and the technology of optimized randomness extraction. We assemble the photonic integrated circuit designed for vacuum state QRNG implementation, an InGaAs homodyne detector, and a high-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier into a single chip using hybrid packaging, which exhibits the excellent characteristics of integration and high-frequency response. With a sample rate of 2.5 GSa/s in a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter and subsequent paralleled postprocessing in a field programmable gate array, the QRNG outputs ultrafast random bitstreams via a fiber optic transceiver, whose real-time speed is validated in a personal computer.
Decreased blood flow rate disrupts endothelial repair in vivo. (1996)

Both local hemodynamics and endothelial injury have been implicated in vascular disorders including bypass graft failure and atherogenesis, but little is known about the effect of local blood flow conditions on repair of endothelial injury. We decreased blood flow rates and shear stresses in common carotid arteries of rabbits by ligating the ipsilateral external carotid artery. After 24 hours, endothelial cells were less elongated, contained fewer central microfilament bundles, and showed less polarity of the centrosome toward the heart than endothelial cells in unmanipulated carotid arteries. To examine wound repair, we made narrow longitudinal intimal wounds at the time of flow reduction using a nylon monofilament device. In arteries with normal blood flows, endothelial cells at the edge of the wound initially spread and elongated in the direction of the wound. The dense peripheral band of actin was attenuated and central microfilaments became more prominent. Endothelial cells remained in close contact with their neighbors in the monolayer. The centrosome of cells adjacent to the wound was redistributed toward the wound side of the nucleus at 6 and 12 hours. Complete closure occurred by 24 hours, at which time the elongated endothelial cells covering the wound were organized in a herringbone pattern with their downstream ends at the center of the wound. With decreased flow and shear stress, the cells at the wound edge spread less than those in normal vessels at 12 hours after wounding and were randomly oriented and polygonal in shape. Also, re-endothelialization proceeded more slowly and there was a marked reduction of central microfilaments in cells at the wound edge. At 24 hours, the wounds were still open, the endothelial cells covering the central portion of the wound did not maintain intimate contact with their neighbors, and orientation of the centrosome toward the wound was reduced. We hypothesize that loss of cell-cell contact during repair at low flow rates and low shear stress disrupts intercellular communication and results in disruption of cytoskeletal reorganization during repair, thereby slowing the repair process.
Gene Therapy in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia (2018)

Donor availability and transplantation-related risks limit the broad use of allogeneic
Recognition of coordinated adversarial behaviors from multi-source information (2008)

To successfully predict the actions of an adversary and develop effective counteractions, knowledge of the enemy's mission and organization are needed. In this paper, we present new models and algorithms to identify behaviors of adversaries based on probabilistic inference of two main signatures of behavior: plans (<i>what the enemy wants to do</i>) and organizations (<i>how the enemy is organized and who is responsible for what</i>). The technology allows extraction, classification, and temporal tracking of behavior signatures using multi-source data, as well as prescribes intelligence collection plans to reduce the ambiguity in current predictions.