gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the faint star extraction technology with MEMS gyro aided APS star tracker (2013)

Star tracker is the most accurate attitude sensor for satellite. Generally speaking, the higher the accuracy, the fainter the star can be sensed by the star tracker. How to extract the faint star from a star image is becoming a critical technology in dynamic condition for star tracker, especially using the APS (Active Pixels Sensor) detector. A novel APS star tracker with MEMS Gyroscope aided system was proposed in this paper that could extremely improve the detection effect and capability for the faint stars. During the exposure time of star tracker, the trajectory of star projection on the detector maybe occupy more than ten pixels due to the satellite rotation. In this situation, the signal-to-noise ratio will decline sharply, and the traditional star extraction method for faint star will take no effect. As a result, the accuracy of star tracker would decline sharply, even more, couldn’t work. Using the MEMS Gyroscope, the track of star projection can be predicated and measured, on the basis of which the deconvolution algorithm could be taken to recover the faint star signal. The accuracy of the star projection centroid could be improved obviously, and the dynamic performance of the star tracker would be improved by a magnitude. Meanwhile, the MEMS gyroscope has not less volume, mass and power consumption, which make it more suitable for the application of APS star tracker.
Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verwerken van mest. (1989)

The invention relates to a method for processing manure, liquid manure and/or Kjeldahl-N containing waste water being subjected to a nitrification in an aerated reactor containing active sludge and to a denitrification in a high rate recirculation denitrification reactor (13) containing a very compact biomass capable of converting nitrate to nitrogen gas. The loading of the nitrification reactor (9) being controlled to obtain an optimal nitrification and denitrification, the effluent from the nitrification reactor (9) partially being passed to the recirculation denitrification reactor (13), adding a source of carbon to the effluent to be passed to the recirculation denitrification reactor (13) and passing another portion of the effluent stream from the nitrification reactor (9) to a separation step (19) to separate a sludge, the effluent from separation step (19) being passed to a discharge line denitrification reactor (37) under the addition of a carbon source if desired. The invention further relates to an apparatus constructed for this purpose
Inhibition of caveolar uptake, SV40 infection, and β1-integrin signaling by a nonnatural glycosphingolipid stereoisomer (2007)

Caveolar endocytosis is an important mechanism for the uptake of certain pathogens and toxins and also plays a role in the internalization of some plasma membrane (PM) lipids and proteins. However, the regulation of caveolar endocytosis is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that caveolar endocytosis and beta1-integrin signaling are stimulated by exogenous glycosphingolipids (GSLs). In this study, we show that a synthetic GSL with nonnatural stereochemistry, beta-D-lactosyl-N-octanoyl-L-threo-sphingosine, (1) selectively inhibits caveolar endocytosis and SV40 virus infection, (2) blocks the clustering of lipids and proteins into GSLs and cholesterol-enriched microdomains (rafts) at the PM, and (3) inhibits beta1-integrin activation and downstream signaling. Finally, we show that small interfering RNA knockdown of beta1 integrin in human skin fibroblasts blocks caveolar endocytosis and the stimulation of signaling by a GSL with natural stereochemistry. These experiments identify a new compound that can interfere with biological processes by inhibiting microdomain formation and also identify beta1 integrin as a potential mediator of signaling by GSLs.
Targeted Molecular Radiotherapy of Pediatric Solid Tumors Using a Radioiodinated Alkyl-Phospholipid Ether Analog (2017)

External-beam radiotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors. Particularly in children, achieving an optimal therapeutic index to avoid damage to normal tissue is extremely important. Consequently, in metastatic disease, the utility of external-beam radiotherapy is limited. Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges, but to date there exists no single cancer-selective agent capable of treating various pediatric malignancies independently of their histopathologic origin. We tested the therapeutic potential of the clinical-grade alkyl-phospholipid ether analog CLR1404, 18-(<i>p</i>-iodophenyl)octadecyl phosphocholine, as a scaffold for tumor-targeted radiotherapy of pediatric malignancies. <b>Methods:</b> Uptake of CLR1404 by pediatric solid tumor cells was tested in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by PET/CT imaging and dosimetry. The therapeutic potential of <sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 was evaluated in xenograft models. <b>Results:</b> In vitro, fluorescent CLR1404-BODIPY showed significant selective uptake in a variety of pediatric cancer lines compared with normal controls. In vivo tumor-targeted uptake in mouse xenograft models using <sup>124</sup>I-CLR1404 was confirmed by imaging. Single-dose intravenous injection of <sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 significantly delayed tumor growth in all rodent pediatric xenograft models and extended animal survival while demonstrating a favorable side effect profile. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 has the potential to become a tumor-targeted radiotherapeutic drug with broad applicability in pediatric oncology. Because <sup>131</sup>I-CLR1404 has entered clinical trials in adults, our data warrant the development of pediatric clinical trials for this particularly vulnerable patient population.
Phase-only optical decryption of a fixed mask (2001)

We present a system for the implementation of phase-only optical decryption of an encrypted fixed phase mask. We achieve decryption by superimposing a decrypting phase key, implemented on a phase-only spatial light modulator with an encrypted phase mask in two equivalent image planes in an optical system. The decrypted phase information is retrieved by the generalized phase-contrast technique. We have constructed a compact experimental system that uses a 635-nm diode laser in which a fixed encrypted 0/pi binary phase mask is decrypted by a binary phase key produced electronically on the spatial light modulator. The key is aligned by electronic scrolling of its position with respect to the mask.
Holographic reconstruction of therapeutic ultrasound sources. (2011)

Clinical therapeutic ultrasound systems rely on the delivery of known acoustic pressures to treatment sites. Assessing the safety and efficacy of these systems relies upon characterization of ultrasound sources in order to determine the acoustic fields they produce and to understand performance changes over time. While direct hydrophone measurements of intense acoustic fields are possible, data acquisition throughout a treatment volume can be time-consuming and is only applicable to the specific source conditions tested. Moreover, measuring intense acoustic fields poses challenges for the hydrophone. An alternate approach combines low-amplitude pressure measurements with modeling of the nonlinear pressure field at various transducer power levels. In this work, low-intensity measurements were acquired for several therapeutic transducers. Pressure amplitude and phase were measured on a plane near the test transducer; the Rayleigh integral was used to back-propagate the acoustic field and mathematically reconstruct relative vibrations of the transducer surface. Such holographic reconstructions identified the vibratory characteristics of different types of transducers, including a 256-element clinical array. These reconstructions can be used to define boundary conditions for modeling and to record characteristics of transducer performance. [Work supported by NIH EB007643, NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58, and RFBR].
Real-time monitoring biomarker expression of carcinoma cells by surface plasmon resonance biosensors (2012)

A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor which is capable of monitoring proteomic biomarker secretion from living cells is reported here. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from living SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells was measured for concept demonstration.
Stabilization of an Injection Locked Harmonically Mode-Locked Laser via Polarization Spectroscopy for Frequency Comb Generation (2012)

Stabilization of an injection locked optical frequency comb is achieved through polarization spectroscopy of an active laser cavity, eliminating optical PM sidebands inherent in previous stabilization methods. Optical SNR of 35 dB is achieved.
Asynchronous Stream Computing for Low Power IoT (2019)

Asynchronous circuits have many advantages over their synchronous counterparts in terms of robustness to parameter variations, wide supply voltage ranges, and potentially low power by not needing a clock, yet their promise has not been translated yet into commercial success due to several issues related to design methodologies and the need for handshake signals. Stochastic computing is another processing paradigm that has shown promises of low power and extremely compact circuits but has yet to become a commercial success mainly because of the need for a fast clock to generate the random streams. The Asynchronous Stream Processing circuits described in this paper combine the best features of asynchronous circuits (lack of clock, robustness) with the best features of stochastic computing (processing on streams) to enable extremely compact and low power IoT sensing nodes that can finally fulfill the promise of smart dust, another concept that was ahead of its time and yet to achieve commercial success.
Placement of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators in paediatric and congenital heart defect patients: a pipeline for model generation and simulation prediction of optimal configurations (2013)

There is currently no reliable way of predicting the optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement in paediatric and congenital heart defect (CHD) patients. This study aimed to: (1) develop a new image processing pipeline for constructing patient-specific heart-torso models from clinical magnetic resonance images (MRIs); (2) use the pipeline to determine the optimal ICD configuration in a paediatric tricuspid valve atresia patient; (3) establish whether the widely used criterion of shock-induced extracellular potential (Φe) gradients ≥5 V cm(-1) in ≥95% of ventricular volume predicts defibrillation success. A biophysically detailed heart-torso model was generated from patient MRIs. Because transvenous access was impossible, three subcutaneous and three epicardial lead placement sites were identified along with five ICD scan locations. Ventricular fibrillation was induced, and defibrillation shocks were applied from 11 ICD configurations to determine defibrillation thresholds (DFTs). Two configurations with epicardial leads resulted in the lowest DFTs overall and were thus considered optimal. Three configurations shared the lowest DFT among subcutaneous lead ICDs. The Φe gradient criterion was an inadequate predictor of defibrillation success, as defibrillation failed in numerous instances even when 100% of the myocardium experienced such gradients. In conclusion, we have developed a new image processing pipeline and applied it to a CHD patient to construct the first active heart-torso model from clinical MRIs.
Total Synthesis and Metabolic Stability of Hispidulin and Its d-Labelled Derivative (2017)

Hispidulin is a naturally occurring flavone known to have various Central nervous system (CNS) activities. Proposed synthetic approaches to synthesizing hispidulin have proven unsatisfactory due to their low feasibility and poor overall yields. To solve these problems, this study developed a novel scheme for synthesizing hispidulin, which had an improved overall yield as well as more concise reaction steps compared to previous methods reported. Additionally, using the same synthetic strategy, <i>d</i>-labelled hispidulin was synthesized to investigate its metabolic stability against human liver microsome. This work may produce new chemical entities for enriching the library of hispidulin-derived compounds.
Newly Designed and Improved Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors for Neuropathic pain (2012)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, EC 3.3.2.10 ) is responsible for metabolism of endogeneously derived fatty acid oxiranes, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to the corresponding diols, dihydroxyepoxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). EETs are the products of arachidonic acid by cytochromes P450 epoxygenases and are key modulators involved in inflammation, pain and blood pressure. Inhibition of sEH that results in an increase in endogenous EETs, which have a significant effect on resolving inflammation and high blood pressure in rodent models. Therefore, the sEH has emerged as a pharmaceutical target for hypertension, inflammation and organ‐protection. Recently, we have demonstrated that elevation of epoxy‐fatty acid through sEH inhibition is able to resolve diabetic neuropathic pain in rodent. Over last decade, a series of N,N′‐disubstituted ureas has been developed to study the physiological effects of sEH inhibition in various murine and rodent models and their beneficial effects in several animals disease models has been demonstrated. To better study the effect of epoxy‐fatty acids on health, a set of new compounds with dramatically potency, a better solubility and an improved pharmacokinetic profiles has been synthesized, their PK‐ADME and efficacy on diabetic neuropathic pain will be determined and the results will be presented and discussed here.
Physics of Perpendicular Recording with a Patterned Soft Underlayer (2007)

In this paper, it is argued that perpendicular recording in the most popular current form--with the use of a continuous soft underlayer (SUL)--may not be the most optimal way to maximize the achievable areal density. As a possible solution, patterning of SUL is discussed. The purpose of patterning of a SUL is to effectively move the image head closer to the recording media, as compared to the real recording head, and thus increase the net recording field and the field gradient across the thickness of the media. Various patterning configurations and combinations with recording layers are comparatively studied. It is illustrated that with a patterned SUL, the recording and sensitivity fields, responsible for writing and reading information, respectively, could be not only increased by several factors but also localized across the entire thickness of the recording media.
Innovative Integrated Process Scheme For Native CO2 Recovery (2014)

Abstract While considering CO2 emission from a gas plant, native CO2 significantly contributes to the total amount. Capturing this native CO2 can reduce a lot the green house gases emission and captured CO2 can be valorized for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Due to this, Oil and Gas operators are more and more interested in improving native CO2 recovery technologies. Usually when natural gas contains both CO2 and H2S, they are removed together and sent to Sulfur Recovery Unit resulting in a tail gas containing mainly Nitrogen and CO2. CO2 can then be separated by use of solvent (using MEA e.g.). TOTAL and Air Liquide have developed and patented an innovative process scheme recovering native CO2 and reducing the operating and investment costs. Claus unit fed with pure oxygen instead of air leads to a tail gas stream, containing mainly CO2 and H2. Then, CO2 purification unit allows recovering a CO2 rich stream with purity even up to 99.9%. This purification unit can be either membrane, cryogenic or adsorption technologies, or a combination of them. This paper also discusses about the integration of Oxygen-based Claus technology (OxyClaus), tail gas treatment unit (TGTU) and CO2 purification. The scheme has been studied in detail for specific application to optimize the overall integration. It has been also compared to conventional CO2 capture scheme to highlight its benefits leading to significantly lower CO2 recovery cost. This scheme contributes in many aspects to the current technical knowledge which may include low-cost CO2 capture, use of pure oxygen in the Claus, CO2 purification for EOR etc. Other benefits also include the size reduction of the Claus/TGTU, production of nitrogen stream to be valorized and separated H2-rich stream from CO2 purification unit. This paper will comprise the overall scheme description and discuss some results for the specific case study.
Sorption of radiostrontium from liquid rubidium metal (2008)

Sorption of radiostrontium (in particular, 82Sr) from liquid rubidium metal on various inorganic sorbents (metals and oxides) was studied. The temperature dependence and dynamics of the adsorption were studied, and the observed relationships were accounted for. The procedure developed allows efficient isolation of 82Sr from Rb targets after their irradiation with accelerated protons. Various versions of the procedure are considered, and prospects for the development of a new high-performance process for preparing 82Sr, in particular, using circulating Rb targets, were discussed.
Molecular recordings by directed CRISPR spacer acquisition (2016)

The ability to write a stable record of identified molecular events into a specific genomic locus would enable the examination of long cellular histories and have many applications, ranging from developmental biology to synthetic devices. We show that the type I-E CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas system of Escherichia coli can mediate acquisition of defined pieces of synthetic DNA. We harnessed this feature to generate records of specific DNA sequences into a population of bacterial genomes. We then applied directed evolution so as to alter the recognition of a protospacer adjacent motif by the Cas1-Cas2 complex, which enabled recording in two modes simultaneously. We used this system to reveal aspects of spacer acquisition, fundamental to the CRISPR-Cas adaptation process. These results lay the foundations of a multimodal intracellular recording device.
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part IX. Blends of Dissimilar Rubbers and Plastics with Technological Compatibilization (1985)

Abstract From this work, one can conclude that compositions which have excellent mechanical properties can be prepared by melt-mixing thermoplastic vulcanizates. (A thermoplastic vulcanizate is a composition containing vulcanized rubber particles dispersed in a thermoplastic. Such a composition is usually prepared by vulcanizing the rubber during its melt-mixing with a thermoplastic.) The excellent mixed TPV compositions can be obtained even though the rubbers and plastics are mutually grossly incompatible with respect to thermodynamic considerations. In such cases, however, it appears to be necessary that a compatibilizing agent be present in the mixture to promote the interaction between the thermoplastic materials. Block copolymers whose molecules contain blocks common to each of the thermoplastic blend components are good technological compatibilizing agents ( e.g. , polypropylene-nylon block copolymers to compatibilize mixtures containing polypropylene and nylon). Compatibilizing block copolymers can form in situ during melt mixing. This appears to be the case when one of the thermoplastic blend components is functionalized to chemically link with another thermoplastic component of the mixed TPV composition. The rubber associated with one thermoplastic can differ greatly from the rubber associated with another thermoplastic component of the mixed TPV blend. Thus, a composition which has good mechanical properties can contain both differing thermoplastics and differing rubbers. As a result, the possible combinations of components for TPV compositions has been greatly expanded.
Water Soluble Inhibitors of Topoisomerase I:  Quaternary Salt Derivatives of Camptothecin (1996)

Eleven water soluble 7-substituted quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of 10,11-(methylenedioxy)- and 10,11-(ethylenedioxy)-(20S)-camptothecin were synthesized via the Friedlander reaction followed by nucleophilic displacement with an aromatic amine. All of these compounds were more potent than camptothecin in the in vitro cleavable complex assay. These inherently charged camptothecin derivatives were cytotoxic against three different human tumor cell lines (SKOV3, an ovarian adenocarcinoma; SKVLB a multidrug resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma; and HT-29, a colon carcinoma). A selected group of five compounds was evaluated in the nude mouse HT-29 xenograft model. Two of these quaternary salts (17 and 18) were more efficacious than Topotecan in delaying tumor growth. In an extended in vivo model, 18 demonstrated tumor regression.
Adverse Impact of Fibrin Clot Inhibitors on Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy for Superficial Bladder Tumors (1990)

Although intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy has proved to be efficacious in the treatment and prophylaxis against tumor recurrence of superficial bladder tumors, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Previous work has suggested that bacillus Calmette-Guerin organisms attach to the matrix protein, fibronectin, during fibrin clot formation at sites of urothelial disruption and that this attachment was required for the antitumor effect of bacillus Calmette-Guerin to be expressed. Furthermore, drugs inhibiting clot formation were found to abrogate the antitumor effect of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy in a murine bladder tumor model. To examine the effect of inhibitors of fibrin clot formation on the results of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy, a retrospective analysis of 149 evaluable patients receiving intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for superficial bladder tumors was performed. The over-all response rate free of tumor for 29 patients who concomitantly received inhibitors of fibrin clot formation with bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy was 48%, as compared with 67% for 120 patients who were not receiving these medications (p = 0.0655, chi-square). The most striking difference was noted for patients who failed with recurrent superficial disease. Of the patients who received fibrin clot inhibitors during intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy 35% had recurrent superficial tumors compared to only 8% of those who did not receive these drugs during a mean followup of 29.8 plus or minus 11 months (p = 0.005, chi-square). Our study suggests that inhibitors of fibrin clot formation may have an adverse influence on the results of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for superficial bladder tumors.
SoftWare IMmunization (SWIM) - A Combination of Static Analysis and Automatic Testing (2011)

Static program analysis uses many checkers to discover a very large number of programming issues, but with a high false alarm rate. With the aid of dynamic automatic testing, the actual severe defects can be confirmed by failures of test cases. After defects are fixed, similar types of defects tend to reoccur again. In this paper, we propose a SoftWare IMmunization (SWIM) method to combine static analysis and automatic testing results for detecting severe defects and preventing similar defects from reoccurring, i.e. to have the software immunized from the same type of defects. Three industrial trials of the technology demonstrated the feasibility and defect detection accuracy of the SWIM technology.