gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of [Nphe<sup>1</sup>]nociceptin(1‐13)NH<sub>2</sub>, a new selective nociceptin receptor antagonist (2000)

1.. Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) is a novel neuropeptide capable of inducing a variety of biological actions via activation of a specific G-protein coupled receptor. However, the lack of a selective nociceptin receptor antagonist has hampered our understanding of nociceptin actions and the role of this peptide in pathophysiological states. As part of a broader programme of research, geared to the identification and characterization of nociceptin receptor ligands, we report that the novel peptide [Nphe(1)]nociceptin(1-13)NH(2) acts as the first truly selective and competitive nociceptin receptor antagonist and is devoid of any residual agonist activity. 2. [Nphe(1)]nociceptin(1-13)NH(2) binds selectively to recombinant nociceptin receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (pK(i) 8.4) and competitively antagonizes the inhibitory effects of nociceptin (i) on cyclic AMP accumulation in CHO cells (pA(2) 6.0) and (ii) on electrically evoked contractions in isolated tissues of the mouse, rat and guinea-pig with pA(2) values ranging from 6.0 to 6.4. 3. [Nphe(1)]nociceptin(1-13)NH(2) is also active in vivo, where it prevents the pronociceptive and antimorphine actions of intracerebroventricularly applied nociceptin, measured in the mouse tail withdrawal assay. Moreover, [Nphe(1)]nociceptin(1-13)NH(2) produces per se a dose dependent, naloxone resistant antinociceptive action and, at relatively low doses, potentiates morphine-induced analgesia. 4. Collectively our data indicate that [Nphe(1)]nociceptin(1-13)NH(2), acting as a nociceptin receptor antagonist, may be the prototype of a new class of analgesics.
Query-Aware Sampling for Data Streams (2007)

Data stream management systems are useful when large volumes of data need to be processed in real time. Examples include monitoring network traffic, monitoring financial transactions, and analyzing large scale scientific data feeds. These applications have varying data rates and often show bursts of high activity that overload the system, often during the most critical instants (e.g., network attacks, financial spikes) for analysis. Therefore, load shedding is necessary to preserve the stability of the system, gracefully degrade its performance and extract answers. Existing methods for load shedding in a general purpose data stream query system use random sampling of tuples, essentially independent of the query. While this technique is acceptable for some queries, the results may be meaningless or even incorrect for other queries, lit principle, a number of different query-dependent sampling methods exist, but they work only for particular queries. In this paper, we show how to perform query-aware sampling (semantic sampling) which works in general. We present methods for analyzing any given query, choosing sampling methods judiciously, and reconciling the sampling methods required by different queries in a query set. We conclude with experiments on a highspeed data stream that demonstrate with different query sets that our method produces accurate results while decreasing the load significantly.
Synthesis of Highly Gas-Permeable Polyimides of Intrinsic Microporosity Derived from 1,3,6,8-Tetramethyl-2,7-diaminotriptycene (2018)

A simple synthetic route to a novel sterically hindered triptycene-based diamine, 1,3,6,8-tetramethyl-2,7-diaminotriptycene (TMDAT), and its use in the preparation of high molecular weight polyimides of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-PIs) are reported. The organosoluble TMDAT-derived polyimides displayed high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas ranging between 610 and 850 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and demonstrated excellent thermal stability of up to 510 °C. Introduction of the rigid three-dimensional paddlewheel triptycene framework and the tetramethyl-induced restriction of the imide bond rotation resulted in highly permeable polyimides with moderate gas-pair selectivity. The best performing polyimide made from TMDAT and a triptycene-based dianhydride showed gas transport properties located between the 2008 and 2015 polymer permeability/selectivity trade-off curves with H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> permeabilities of 2858 and 575 barrer combined with H<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivities of 24 and 4.8, respectively, after 200 days of physical aging.
Conceptual Design of a Variable Configuration Articulated Tracked Vehicle (2009)

This paper presents a conceptual design for variable configurations articulated tracked vehicle (LMA) [1] that has active adaptability to suit for rough and unpredictable terrains, including stairways, obstacles and ditches. The active terrain adaptability is performed by a track configuration-controlling mechanism which is a simple 3-bar cam mechanism consisting of 2 moving elements and a cam fixedly mounted on the vehicle’s chassis. The mechanism has three functions: (1) ensuring the center of a planetary wheel mounted on the end of the track configuration-controlling mechanism to move along an exactly elliptic path; (2) providing the tracks with a continuously invariable spring force to tension tracks; and (3) changing and adjusting the center of gravity of the robot system to prevent it turning over from stairs.
Use of Multiple Fluorescent Labels in Biological Sensing (2006)

Abstract : This research project was aimed at finding new, more efficient and effective ways to detect, identify, and study biomolecules. The approach to be taken is to start with nucleoside-like molecules in which the DNA base is replaced with known hydrocarbon and heterocycle fluorophores. These molecules are termed fluorosides, short for fluorescent deoxyribosides. They can be assembled on a DNA synthesizer into any desired number and order, both alone and alongside natural DNA bases. The specific aims of the project were (A) to find enzymes that can label biomolecules with excimer-forming fluorophores, resulting in labels that are brighter and have longer Stokes shifts than the current standard; (B) to make excimer- and exciplex-forming probes for repetitive DNA sequences such as telomeres and centromeres, and to demonstrate them both outside and inside cells; and (C) to make novel polyfluorophore molecules that can sense many different types of small molecules, both in solution phase and in the vapor phase.
MPA assisted optimized proactive handoff scheme (2005)

In order to support session-based real-time communication in a highly mobile environment it is desirable to limit end-to-end delay, jitter and packet loss at a certain threshold level. This paper describes a framework of media-independent pre-authentication (MPA), a new handover optimization mechanism that has a potential to address issues on existing mobility management protocols and mobility optimization mechanisms to achieve these values. MPA is a mobile-assisted, secure handover optimization scheme that works over any link-layer and with any mobility management protocol. This paper also presents an initial implementation of MPA and performance results to show how existing protocols could be leveraged to realize the functionalities of MPA and provide the desired results.
Bias-dependence of the tunneling electroresistance and magnetoresistance in multiferroic tunnel junctions (2014)

We predict that the tunneling electroresistance effect is present at finite bias even in multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) with inversion symmetry. The effect is highly sensitive to the relative magnetization orientation in the electrodes. In addition, we demonstrate control of the bias-dependence of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in MFTJs via switching of the ferroelectric polarization of the barrier. The polarization induces a monotonic bias behavior in TMR which can be reversed by polarization switching. The magnitude of both effects is proportional to the polarization. The underlying mechanism is the inversion symmetry breaking due to the polarization combined with the interplay of the bias-induced and polarization-induced spin-dependent interfacial screening. These results expand the possibilities for the next-generation multifunctional devices.
Nanofabrication: Reversible Self‐Assembly of an Imbedded Hexameric Metallomacrocycle within a Macromolecular Superstructure (2005)

Das Innere nach außen gekehrt: Der Aufbau eines peripheren 114-gliedrigen Makrocyclus mit Terpyridin-Bindungsstellen durch Metathese mit einem Grubbs-Katalysator erleichtert die selbstorganisierte Bildung eines Eisen(II)-Hexamers. Da die Eisen(II)-Zentren durch Basenzugabe quantitativ entfernt werden können, entsteht der Metallkomplex reversibel (siehe Schema, graue Kugeln=Metallionen).
An Overview of Surfactant Applications in Drilling Fluids for the Petroleum Industry (2002)

ABSTRACT Surfactants are increasingly being used in an ever-expanding variety of applications for drilling fluids. In oil-based drilling fluids, the most well-known applications of surfactants are as emulsifiers and wetting agents. In water-based drilling fluids, there is a continually-growing variety of applications that include: oil-in-water emulsification in base fluid formulations;shale-swelling inhibitors to prevent wellbore instabilities;detergency to prevent cuttings sticking to drill bit (adhesion of clay to metal parts);prevention of differential sticking;dispersants to inhibit flocculation of clay particles;foaming additives, to generate high gas/water ratio foam used as drilling fluids for low-pressure reservoirs and hard-rock drilling;defoaming additives to eliminate undesirable foam in water-based fluids;surfactant-polymer complexes for enhanced properties in fluids for low-pressure reservoirs. This review describes historical and modern applications of surfactant technology in drilling fluids, and the impact of those molecules on drilling operations. Proper selection and application of surfactants in drilling fluids have a significant economic impact, in terms of reducing the amount of lost time and potential trouble, and have a direct consequence on overall drilling performance and results.
Location of an epitopic site on epiglycanin by molecular immunoelectron microscopy (1985)

Antibodies of the IgM type present in rabbit anti-epiglycanin antiserum were purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and by ion-exchange, affinity and gel-filtration chromatography. After papain treatment of this fraction, followed by gel filtration, the fraction with highest apparent Mr was incubated with epiglycanin, and the antigen-antibody complexes separated by gel filtration. These were examined by electron microscopy, using rotational shadow casting, and the photographs of the complexes were mapped for the locations of the antibody molecules on the extended epiglycanin molecules. Distribution of the frequency of attachment of immunoglobulin showed a strong tendency toward binding at one end of epiglycanin, suggesting the probable presence of only one epitope, probably a glycopeptide structure containing a beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose chain.
An Update on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Applications in Nanomedicine (2021)

The efficient and safe delivery of therapeutic drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids are essential for meaningful therapeutic benefits. The field of nanomedicine shows promising implications in the development of therapeutics by delivering diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. Nanomedicine development has led to significant advances in the design and engineering of nanocarrier systems with supra-molecular structures. Smart mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and site-specific functionalization, offer efficient and high loading capacity as well as robust and targeted delivery of a variety of payloads in a controlled fashion. Such unique nanocarriers should have great potential for challenging biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, bioimaging techniques, stem cell research, and cancer therapies. However, in vivo applications of these nanocarriers should be further validated before clinical translation. To this end, this review begins with a brief introduction of MSNs properties, targeted drug delivery, and controlled release with a particular emphasis on their most recent diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Enhanced min-sum decoding for DVB-T2 LDPC codes (2013)

In this paper, we propose an enhanced min-sum decoding algorithm for DVB-T2 LDPC codes. It is obtained by two step approximation of the function ln cosh(x) on the sum-product algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm does not cause serious performance degradation, as compared with sum-product algorithm. In addition, it shows better performance than conventional min-sum algorithm and its modifications.
Cartodraw: a fast algorithm for generating contiguous cartograms (2004)

Cartograms are a well-known technique for showing geography-related statistical information, such as population demographics and epidemiological data. The basic idea is to distort a map by resizing its regions according to a statistical parameter, but in a way that keeps the map recognizable. In this study, we formally define a family of cartogram drawing problems. We show that even simple variants are unsolvable in the general case. Because the feasible variants are NP-complete, heuristics are needed to solve the problem. Previously proposed solutions suffer from problems with the quality of the generated drawings. For a cartogram to be recognizable, it is important to preserve the global shape or outline of the input map, a requirement that has been overlooked in the past. To address this, our objective function for cartogram drawing includes both global and local shape preservation. To measure the degree of shape preservation, we propose a shape similarity function, which is based on a Fourier transformation of the polygons' curvatures. Also, our application is visualization of dynamic data, for which we need an algorithm that recalculates a cartogram in a few seconds. None of the previous algorithms provides adequate performance with an acceptable level of quality for this application. In this paper, we therefore propose an efficient iterative scanline algorithm to reposition edges while preserving local and global shapes. Scanlines may be generated automatically or entered interactively to guide the optimization process more closely. We apply our algorithm to several example data sets and provide a detailed comparison of the two variants of our algorithm and previous approaches.
Graying of the Immune System (1997)

It is recognized that nutrient intake should not only prevent the classic deficiency diseases, but also could reduce illness and improve health. The type of nutrients and the quantity required to achieve such a beneficial effect varies with the index being studied and whether more than one nutrient is being administered simultaneously. For some nutrients, the amounts proposed as being healthful apparently cannot be provided by a reasonable quantity and variety of natural foods. Thus, nutrient supplements may be important for health promotion and prevention of certain chronic diseases.<sup>1,2</sup>This view goes against the prevailing dogma in nutritional science that a balanced diet is sufficient to achieve all nutritional objectives. See also p 1380. Aging is associated with a reduction in many immune responses in most, but not all, elderly individuals. Changes in immunity associated with aging include decreased delayed hypersensitivity, reduced interleukin 2 production, decreased lymphocyte response to
Formation of the TcN multiple bond from the reaction of ammonium pertechnetate with S-methyl dithiocarbazate and its application to the preparation of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals (1990)

The reaction of pertechnetate with the S-methyl ester of dithiocarbazic acid, H2N–NR–C(S)SCH3(R = H or CH3), in the presence of HCl and triphenylphosphine, affords the technetium(V) nitrido complex [TcNCl2(PPh3)2] in high yield. Derivatives of S-methyl dithiocarbazate of the type R1(R2)CN–NR3–C(S)SCH3, where R1=o-C6H4OH, C6H5, or CH3, R2= H or CH3, and R3= H or CH3, behave as sources of N3– groups, giving rise to a variety of technetium complexes containing the TcN multiple bond. These reactions apply equally well to the preparation of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals containing the TcN group, at the non-carrier-added level of nuclear medicine.
Notice of Removal: Endocavity ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging system to evaluate fetal brain perfusion and oxygenation: Preliminary ex vivo studies (2017)

Removed.
A Graph-Based Framework for Video Object Segmentation and Extraction in Feature Space (2015)

Video segmentation is the task of grouping pixels in successive video frames into perceptually coherent regions. It is a preliminary step to solve higher level problems such as automated surveillance, object tracking, video summarization, video indexing and retrieval. For consumer videos, video segmentation is a useful tool for extracting relevant and interesting content from such video sequence for further analysis or re-purposing of the visual content. Given an unannotated video sequence captured by either a static or hand-held camera, our graph-based approach first effectively models the data in a high dimensional feature space, which emphasizes the correlation between similar pixels while reducing the inter-class connectivity between different objects. The graph model fuses appearance, spatial, and temporal information to break a volumetric video sequence into semantic spatiotemporal key-segments. By further grouping the key-segments, a binary segmentation is able to extract a moving object of interest from a video sequence based on its unique and distinguishable regional properties. Experiment results show the robustness of our approach, which has achieved comparable or better performance when compared to several unsupervised methods.
THz Polarimetric Components Based on Metamaterials (2009)

The interrelation between transmission amplitude and phase spectra of anisotropic metamaterials enables us to develop realistic designs for a terahertz quarter-wave plate and a polarizing terahertz beam splitter based on an anisotropic metamaterial structure.
Entangling probes of QKD (2006)

Following a review of the measure of Renyi information gain and its optimization, the quantum circuits and designs are reviewed of optimized entangling probes for attacking the BB84 protocol of quantum key distribution (QKD), extracting maximum Renyi information on the pre-privacy amplified key. Probe photon polarization states become optimally entangled with the signal states on their way between the legitimate transmitter and receiver. Standard symmetric von Neumann projective measurements of the probe yield maximum information on the pre-privacy amplified key.
Research to Develop and Evaluate Advanced Eddy Current Sensors for Detecting Small Flaws in Metallic Aerospace Components. (1982)

The purpose of this program was to develop a reproducible, highly sensitive novel eddy current probe applying the technique of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The method developed must be suited to inspect test objects where access may be limited, for example bolt holes of turbine engine disks. This program studied the FMR probe in both its passive and active modes. An active probe was developed and tested that demonstrated that the FMR technique is a practical approach for inspection of metallic aerospace components. The program consisted of three tasks. In Task I the theoretical analysis and modeling was performed by Stanford Universtiy under subcontract with Battelle. This analysis and modelling served as a guide in probe design concepts for Battelle's experimental evaluation, which was performed in Task II. Finally, a demonstration, comprising Task III, was performed for Air Force Materials Laboratory personnel at Battelle's facility in which five FMR probes of the same design were tested. The results of the demonstration confirmed the FMR probe design's reproducibility and repeatable high sensitivity for detecting flaws located in a titanium bolt-hole specimen. (Author)
Components for face recognition (2004)

We present a method for automatically learning a set of discriminatory facial components for face recognition. The algorithm performs an iterative growing of components starting with small initial components located around pre-selected points in the face. The direction of growing is determined by the gradient of the cross-validation error of the component classifiers. In experiments we analyze how the shape of the components and their discriminatory power changes across different individuals and views.
Multi-Layer Network Performance and Reliability Analysis (2010)

The authors describe a methodology for evaluating the performability (combined performance and reliability) of large communications networks. Networks are represented by a 4-level hierarchical model, consisting of traffic matrix, network graph, “components” representing failure modes, and reliability information. Network states are assignments of modes to the network components, which usually represent network elements and their key modules, although they can be more abstract. The components can be binary or multi-modal, and each of their failure modes may change a set of attributes of the graph (e.g. the capacity or cost of a link). Their methodology also captures the effect of automatic restoration against network failures by including two common rerouting methods. To compute network performability measures, including upper and lower bounds on their cumulative distribution functions, we augment existing probabilistic state-space generation algorithms with our new “hybrid” algorithm. To characterize the network failures of highest impact, we compute the Pareto boundaries of the network’s risk space. The authors have developed a network analysis tool called nperf that embodies this methodology. To illustrate the methodology and the practicality of the tool, they describe a performability analysis of three design alternatives for a large commercial IP backbone network.
Tensor-tensor algebra for optimal representation and compression of multiway data (2021)

With the advent of machine learning and its overarching pervasiveness it is imperative to devise ways to represent large datasets efficiently while distilling intrinsic features necessary for subsequent analysis. The primary workhorse used in data dimensionality reduction and feature extraction has been the matrix singular value decomposition (SVD), which presupposes that data have been arranged in matrix format. A primary goal in this study is to show that high-dimensional datasets are more compressible when treated as tensors (i.e., multiway arrays) and compressed via tensor-SVDs under the tensor-tensor product constructs and its generalizations. We begin by proving Eckart-Young optimality results for families of tensor-SVDs under two different truncation strategies. Since such optimality properties can be proven in both matrix and tensor-based algebras, a fundamental question arises: Does the tensor construct subsume the matrix construct in terms of representation efficiency? The answer is positive, as proven by showing that a tensor-tensor representation of an equal dimensional spanning space can be superior to its matrix counterpart. We then use these optimality results to investigate how the compressed representation provided by the truncated tensor SVD is related both theoretically and empirically to its two closest tensor-based analogs, the truncated high-order SVD and the truncated tensor-train SVD.