gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin Perfect Absorbers for Electromagnetic Waves: Theory, Design, and Realizations (2015)

In recent years we have learned to fabricate structures smaller than electromagnetic wavelengths, and to assemble them into metamaterials with exotic optical properties for previously unimaginable applications. One such property is perfect absorption of incident light, with no reflection or transmission, across many wavelengths. The authors review the physics, design principles, and classification of thin perfect absorbers, and outline avenues for progress.
Direct Observation of Adsorption-Induced Inactivation of Antibody Fragments Surrounded by Mixed-PEG Layer on a Gold Surface (2010)

To examine the adsorption behavior of antibody fragments (Fab') directly immobilized on a gold surface through S-Au linkage, analyses by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with an excellent blocking technique by the consecutive treatments of longer-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (MW = 5k) and shorter-PEG (MW = 2k), abbreviated as mixed-PEG layer formation, were performed. The results of the SPR analysis suggest that the adsorption-induced inactivation of the antigen-binding activity of Fab' took place gradually on the gold surface, where the activity disappeared almost completely at 60 min after Fab' immobilization. In contrast, in the case of Fab' coimmobilized by the mixed-PEG layer, 70% of the initial antigen-binding activity of the Fab' was retained even 60 min after the construction of the hybrid surface. Using fluorescein-labeled Fab' (FL-Fab'), fluorescence measurement of the constructed surface was carried out. The fluorescence of the FL-Fab' without any blocking agent on the gold surface was gradually quenched and finally decreased to 40% of the initial intensity 60 min after Fab' immobilization. The decrease in the fluorescence intensity is considered to be caused by the change in the distance between the fluorophores labeled on the Fab' and the gold surface, due to the energy transfer from the fluorophores to the gold surface. In contrast, 75% of the initial intensity was observed on the Fab'/mixed-PEG coimmobilized surface. The results obtained from the SPR and fluorometric analyses correlated well with each other; thus, the surface-induced inactivation of the antigen-binding functionality was presumably due to the conformational and/or orientation change of Fab' on the gold surface. AFM studies provided direct information on the time-dependent decrease in the height of the immobilized Fab' on the gold surface. In contrast, the coimmobilization of densely packed mixed-PEG tethered chains around the Fab' on the gold surface suppressed the decrease in the height of Fab', presumably indicating that the conformational and/or orientation change of Fab' was suppressed by the coimmobilized mixed-PEG layer. The new findings obtained in this study are expected to be useful for the improvement of the antibody fragment method and, thus, for the construction of high-performance immuno-surfaces.
Consideration and Initiating Structure and Their Relationships With Leader Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis. (1988)

Mean observed correlations and mean correlations corrected for artifacts varied according to the Ohio State instrument analyzed, whether Consideration (CN) or Initiating Structure (IS) was the variable of choice, and the type of leader effectiveness criterion used. Situational specificity was found for most analyses.
Troxerutin Prevents 5-Fluorouracil Induced Morphological Changes in the Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway (2020)

Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from <i>Dimorphandra gardneriana</i>, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Prevents Mortality from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome through the Induction of Apoptosis in Immune Cells, Leading to Cytokine Storm Suppression (2020)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) causes up to 40% mortality in humans and is difficult to treat. ARDS is also one of the major triggers of mortality associated with coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19). We used a mouse model of ARDS induced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which triggers 100% mortality, to investigate the mechanisms through which Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) attenuates ARDS. SEB was used to trigger ARDS in C3H mice. These mice were treated with THC and analyzed for survival, ARDS, cytokine storm, and metabolome. Additionally, cells isolated from the lungs were used to perform single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis. A database analysis of human COVID-19 patients was also performed to compare the signaling pathways with SEB-mediated ARDS. The treatment of SEB-mediated ARDS mice with THC led to a 100% survival, decreased lung inflammation, and the suppression of cytokine storm. This was associated with immune cell apoptosis involving the mitochondrial pathway, as suggested by single-cell RNA sequencing. A transcriptomic analysis of immune cells from the lungs revealed an increase in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes following THC treatment. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed elevated serum concentrations of amino acids, lysine, n-acetyl methionine, carnitine, and propionyl L-carnitine in THC-treated mice. THC caused the downregulation of miR-185, which correlated with an increase in the pro-apoptotic gene targets. Interestingly, the gene expression datasets from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of human COVID-19 patients showed some similarities between cytokine and apoptotic genes with SEB-induced ARDS. Collectively, this study suggests that the activation of cannabinoid receptors may serve as a therapeutic modality to treat ARDS associated with COVID-19.
Improving SNR in Susceptibility Weighted Imaging by a NLM-based denoising scheme (2014)

The combination of magnitude and phase information inherent in Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) greatly benefits from high-resolution MRI acquisitions. The application of a denoising filter to produce SWI images with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while preserving small structures from excessive blurring is therefore extremely desirable, but non-trivial, as the distribution of magnitude and phase noise may introduce biases during image restoration. Here we present a new dedicated noise removal algorithm based on the Non-Local Means (NLM) filter and compare its results with the original SWI and “standard” NLM-denoised human brain images. Both the visual assessment by two expert readers and the quantitative evaluation of the contrast changes of the voxel intensities demonstrated that the images restored with the proposed algorithm fared consistently better than the other two schemes, showing that a proper handling of noise in the complex MRI dataset may lead to visible improvements of the overall SWI quality.
Characterizing 10 Gbps network interface energy consumption (2010)

This paper quantifies the energy consumption in six 10 Gbps and four 1 Gbps interconnects at a fine-grained level, introducing two metrics for calculating the energy efficiency of a network interface from the perspective of network throughput and host CPU usage. It further compares the energy efficiency of multiport 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps interconnects.
Schooling and Political Participation Revisited (2008)

We investigate how the link between individual schooling and political participation is affected by country characteristics. We introduce a focus on a set of variables-namely factor endowments-which in uence the relative productivity of human capital in political versus production activities. Using micro data on individual behavior, we find that political participation is more responsive to schooling in land-abundant countries, and less responsive in human capital-abundant countries, even while controlling for country political institutions and cultural attitudes. We develop these ideas in a model where individuals face an allocation decision over the use of their human capital. A elative abundance of land (used primarily in the least skill-intensive sector) or a scarcity of aggregate human capital will increase both the level of political participation and its responsiveness to schooling, by lowering the opportunity cost of production income foregone. In an extension, we further consider the problem of how much schooling a utility-maximizing ruler would choose to provide. An abundance of land tends to increase political participation ex post, and hence will lead the ruler to discourage human capital accumulation, a prediction for which we find broad support in the cross-country data. Our model thus owners a framework which jointly explains patterns of political participation at the individual level and differences in public investment in education at the country level.
Psoriasin interacts with Jab1 and influences breast cancer progression. (2003)

Psoriasin (S100A7) is expressed at low levels in normal breast epithelial cells but is highly expressed in preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ. Persistent psoriasin expression occurs in some invasive carcinomas and is associated with poor prognostic factors. Whereas there is evidence that secreted psoriasin can act as a chemotactic factor for CD-4-positive lymphocytes in psoriatic skin lesions, an intracellular biological function is unknown. We have found that psoriasin physically interacts with Jab1 (c-jun activation-domain binding protein 1) in the yeast two-hybrid assay and confirmed this by coimmunoprecipitation assay in breast cancer cells. Psoriasin-transfected breast cancer cells showed increased nuclear Jab1 and demonstrated several features consistent with an alteration in Jab1 activity including an increase in activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity, increased expression of AP-1 and HIF-1-dependent genes, and reduced expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1). Psoriasin overexpression was also associated with alteration of cellular functions that are associated with increased malignancy, including increased growth, decreased adhesion, and increased invasiveness in vitro, as well as increased tumorigenicity in vivo in nude mice. We conclude that intracellular psoriasin influences breast cancer progression and that this may occur through stimulation of Jab1 activity.
Maturation of human procathepsin B. Proenzyme activation and proteolytic processing of the precursor to the mature proteinase, in vitro, are primarily unimolecular processes. (1994)

Recombinant latent human procathepsin B produced in yeast was purified to near homogeneity. The purified recombinant proenzyme is activated in vitro under acidic conditions resulting in rapid conversion into the mature form of the proteinase. Activation as well as proteolytic maturation of the recombinant cathepsin B precursor were shown to be primarily concentration-independent processes indicating a unimolecular (i.e. intramolecular) mechanism. Only one cleavage site was identified, yielding a mature polypeptide with the same amino-terminal sequence as that found in recombinant active human cathepsin B obtained from yeast culture media. The same peptide bond is cleaved during processing of a nonactivatable mutant of procathepsin B by the purified mature enzyme (i.e. intermolecular processing). Thus, the complete proregion is liberated during procathepsin B processing. This peptide may then act as a reversible inhibitor and stabilizer of the mature proteinase, and it appears likely that cathepsin B-propeptide complexes occur transiently during proteolytic maturation.
Design of a Multi-Network Selector for Multiband Maritime Networks (2011)

In this paper an inter-layer protocol, referred to as a Multi-Network Selector (MNS) is proposed for multiband maritime networks. A MNS is located between the data-link layer and the network layer and performs vertical handover when a ship moves another radio network. In order to provide seamless data transfer to different radio networks, the MNS uses received signal strength (RSS) and ship's location information as decision parameters for vertical handover, which can avoid ping-pong effect and reduces handover latency. In addition, we present related issues in order to implement the MNS for a multiband maritime network.
Structure-based optimisation of non-steroidal cytochrome P450 17A1 inhibitors (2017)

Five new non-steroidal inhibitors for cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) were identified by structure-based optimisation from a recently identified selective CYP17A1 inhibitor. The compounds are nanomolar inhibitors of steroidogenesis measured in recombinant CYP17A1 and in H295R cells.
Carboxymethylation of Maize Starch (1990)

Abstract Maize starch was reacted with monochloroacetic acid in presence of sodium hydroxide. The reaction involved is known as carboxymethylation. The latter was carried out under a variety of conditions. For every set of conditions carboxymethylation was studied with respect to the extent expressed as degree of substitution (DS) and reaction efficiency (RE). Results indicated that starch:water ratio of 1:2.5 constitutes the optimal material to liquor ratio. Increasing sodium hydroxide concentration up to 8N causes significant enhancement in DS and R. E. while higher concentrations bring about sharp decrement. DS increases as the monochloroacetic acid concentration increases; opposite trend was observed with respect to RE. Increasing duration (0.5–3 h) and temperature (60–70°C) acts in favour of both DS and RE. DS is also governed by the reaction medium. Water and organic solvents were used independently as well as in admixture of solvent/water. It was found that the highest DS is achieved with isopropyl alcohol and the least with water. The DS follows the order: isopropanol > cyclohexane > dimethyl formamide > methanol > acetone > water. Isopropanol: water mixture (80:20) constitutes the most favourable medium for the carboxymethylation reaction under the conditions used.
PPARγ Activation in Human Endothelial Cells Increases Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 Expression (1999)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a major physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis, with its plasma levels correlating with the risk for myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. The regulation of PAI-1 transcription by endothelial cells (ECs), a major source of PAI-1, remains incompletely understood. Adipocytes also produce PAI-1, suggesting possible common regulatory pathways between adipocytes and ECs. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR)gamma is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to various mediators such as 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and oxidized linoleic acid (9- and 13-HODE). The present study tested the hypotheses that human ECs express PPARgamma and that this transcriptional activator regulates PAI-1 expression in this cell type. We found that human ECs contain both PPARgamma mRNA and protein. Immunohistochemistry of human carotid arteries also revealed the presence of PPARgamma in ECs. Bovine ECs transfected with a PPAR response element (PPRE)-luciferase construct responded to stimulation by the PPARgamma agonist 15d-PGJ2 in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting a functional PPARgamma in ECs. Treatment of human ECs with 15d-PGJ2, 9(S)-HODE, or 13(S)-HODE augmented PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression, whereas multiple PPARalpha activators did not change PAI-1 levels. Introduction of increasing amounts of a PPARgamma expression construct in human fibroblasts enhanced PAI-1 secretion from these cells in proportion to the amount of transfected DNA. Thus, ECs express functionally active PPARgamma that regulates PAI-1 expression in ECs. Our results establish a role for PPARgamma in the regulation of EC gene expression, with important implications for the clinical links between obesity and atherosclerosis.
The asthma epidemic and our artificial habitats (2005)

In this piece I discuss the artificial habitat concept, its correspondence with epidemiological data of asthma and allergy, and provide possible immunological underpinning for it from an evolutionary perspective of health and disease.
Effect of Eye Drops Containing Disulfiram and Low-Substituted Methylcellulose in Reducing Intraocular Pressure in Rabbit Models (2014)

The present study demonstrates that 0.5% DSF eye drops suppress increased IOP in rabbit models, probably by inhibiting the elevation in NO levels. In addition, we propose a kinetic analysis method to predict drug effects and effective time. These findings suggest that a low-substituted MC-based drug delivery system promotes drug effectiveness and effective time.
Documentation in a software maintenance environment (1988)

An approach has been defined, and a system developed, to aid the maintenance programmer by producing documentation from source code input. A system called the Parser/Documenter has been developed which is designed to accept source code from a variety of third-generation languages and outputs one of several documentation tools. The authors discuss current documentation methodologies, the development of the Parser/Documenter and one application currently under development: expanded Nassi-Shneiderman charts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elephant flow detection in datacenters using OpenFlow-based Hierarchical Statistics Pulling (2014)

This paper proposes an effective elephant flow detection in datacenters. Equal Cost MultiPath (ECMP) is a popular routing mechanism to achieve load balancing in datacenter networks. However, ECMP only considers equally distributing the flows over equal-length paths, but does not take the size of the flows into account. Previous studies show that detecting and rerouting elephant flows (flows that transfer significant amount of data) effectively can lead to a 113% improvement in aggregate throughput compared with the simple use of ECMP. A naive way to detect the elephant flows is to pull statistics from each flow independently. Since "the elephant and mouse phenomenon" suggests that there are only very few elephant flows in a datacenter network, it's not efficient to collect information from each flow. Therefore, we propose a Hierarchical Statistics Pulling (HSP) mechanism using OpenFlow protocol to save bandwidth consumption and processing time. In order to further improve the performance of HSP, two supplement functions called elephant store and range splitting are developed. Our approaches can detect elephant flows with only a small amount of network bandwidth consumption. We use Mininet emulator and mathematical analysis to verify our methods. Both of them confirm the benefits of our approaches.
The Essex Scottish Regiment in Operation Atlantic: What Went Wrong? (2009)

On 20â21 July 1944 the 6th Canadian Infantry Brigade was engaged in combat operations on VerriÃ¨res Ridge south of Caen. Enemy resistance was stronger than expected and teh Canadian attack was met by strong German counterattacks supported by armour. During the course of the battle, two units, the Essex Scottish Regiment and the South Saskatchewan Regiment were driven back. In the aftermath of the battle the Essex Scottish Regiment and their commanding officer were criticized for their poor performance. This article examines the battle in an attempt to understand who was to blame. LieutenantâColonel B.J.S. MacDonald, the commanding officer of the Essex Scots, was fired for his role in the battle, but this article posits that Brigadier Hugh A. Young bears the greater share of responsibility for the operationâs failure.
Flow cytometric measurement of the cellular propagation of TDP-43 aggregation (2017)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neuromuscular degenerative disease characterized by a focal onset of motor neuron loss, followed by contiguous outward spreading of pathology including TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) aggregates. Previous work suggests that TDP-43 can move between cells. Here we used a novel flow cytometry technique (FloIT) to analyze TDP-43 inclusions and propagation. When cells were transfected to express either mutant G294A TDP-43 fused to GFP or wild type TDP-43fused to tomato red and then co-cultured, flow cytometry detected intact cells containing both fusion proteins and using FloIT detected an increase in the numbers of inclusions in lysates from cells expressing wild type TDP-43-tomato. Furthermore, in this same model, FloIT analyses detected inclusions containing both fusion proteins. These results imply the transfer of TDP-43 fusion proteins between cells and that this process can increase aggregation of wild-type TDP-43 by a mechanism involving co-aggregation with G294A TDP-43.
Vehicle re-identification using wireless magnetic sensors: Algorithm revision, modifications and performance analysis (2011)

A vehicle re-identification method based on matching vehicle signatures obtained from wireless magnetic sensors was studied on a single lane loop on-ramp. Different modifications were implemented in the algorithm in order to address limitations of the system when vehicles stop/move slowly over the detectors. The original and modified vehicle re-identification algorithm results were compared against ground truth data obtained from video. Based on the ground truth data it was possible to determine the percentage of vehicles that are re-identified and the number of those vehicles that are misidentified as a function of different algorithm parameters. For this analysis, vehicles were divided into two subsets: i) uncongested and ii) congested. The original method mismatched percentage was around or below 15% for the uncongested vehicle subset and between 20% to 60% for the congested one. With the modified method it was possible to improve the matching rate as well as the accuracy of the matching algorithm. For the uncongested subset, the modified method showed a higher vehicle re-identification rate while maintaining the mismatched percentage around or below 8%. The main improvement over the original method was achieved on the congested vehicle subset, since the number of re-identified vehicles was increased over the original method while keeping the mismatched percentage around or below 14%.