gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation Revealed by SNP Genotyping and Morphology Provides Insight into the Origin of the Tomato (2012)

Tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is divided into two widely distributed varieties: the cultivated S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum, and the weedy S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme. Solanum pimpinellifolium is the most closely related wild species of tomato.The roles of S. pimpinellifolium and S. l. cerasiforme during the domestication of tomato are still under debate. Some authors consider S. l. cerasiforme to be the ancestor, whereas others think that S. l. cerasiforme is an admixture of S. pimpinellifolium and the cultivated S. l. lycopersicum. It is also not clear whether the domestication occurred in the Andean region or in Mesoamerica. We characterized 272 accessions (63 S. pimpinellifolium, 106 S. l. cerasiforme, 95 S. l. lycopersicum and 8 derived from hybridization processes) were morphologically and genetically using the SolCap platform (7,414 SNPs). The two species were distinguished in a PCA analysis and displayed a rich geographic structure. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and S. l. lycopersicum were also differentiated in the PCA and Structure analyses, which supports maintaining them as different varieties. Solanum pimpinellifolium and the Andean S. l. cerasiforme were more diverse than the non-Andean S. lycopersicum. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme was morphologically and molecularly intermediate between S. pimpinellifolium and tomato. Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, with the exception of several Ecuadorian and Mexican accessions, is composed of the products of admixture processes according to the Structure analysis. The non-admixtured S. l. cerasiforme might be similar to the ancestral cultivars from which the cultivated tomato originated, and presents remarkable morphological diversity, including fruits of up to 6 cm in diameter. The data obtained would fit a model in which a pre-domestication took place in the Andean region, with the domestication being completed in Mesoamerica. Subsequently, the Spaniards took plants from Mesoamerica to Spain and from there they were exported to the rest of the world.
Serum growth hormone in and semen characteristics of proven AI dairy sires after administration of growth hormone-releasing factor (1992)

A growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) analog was administered at 11, 22 and 33 μg 100 kg −1 to proven dairy sires of varying genetic merit for production traits. Administration of GRF increased mean GH concentrations, but the area under the response curve was not different among the three dosages, nor were there differences between genetic groups overall. However, the maximum GH concentration following the administration of 11 μg 100 kg −1 was greater among superior sires. None of semen motility, sperm concentration or total sperm were affected through an entire spermatogonic cycle. Key words: GRF, growth hormone, semen, dairy bulls
Chaotic features of rhythmic joint movement (2002)

The purpose of the study is to show the chaotic features of rhythmic joint movement using a reconstructed phase portrait, fractal dimension, and first Lyapunov exponent. The subjects were seven male students who were right-handed. Depending on the experimental conditions, one (or both) elbow angle(s) was (were) measured by one (or two) goniometer(s). Single-forearm movements were recorded for the right arm and the left arm separately. After that, they performed in-phase movements with both arms followed by anti-phase movements. All sessions started with unpaced movements at a personal tempo and amplitude. This trial was followed by six trials that were paced by signals from a personal computer. Pacing was provided for six different frequencies (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Hz) presented in random order. When the frequency of the, pace increased, the fractal dimension and first Lyapunov exponent tended to increase. Moreover, the first Lyapunov exponent obtained positive values for all of the observed data. These results indicate that there is chaos in rhythmic joint movement and that the larger the frequency, the more chaotic the joint movement becomes.
Microphase separation in poly(isoprene-<i>b</i>-ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer melts. I. Phase state and kinetics of the order-to-order transitions (1999)

The phase state and the kinetics of the order-to-order transitions have been studied in a series of poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) (PI-PEO) diblock copolymers with a PI volume fraction in the range 0.25&lt;fPI&lt;0.92, using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheology. The mean-field theory (MFT) structure factor is used to describe the SAXS profiles in the disordered phase and to extract the temperature dependence of the interaction parameter χ(T). In general, an agreement is found with the phase diagram proposed by an extended MFT, except at fPI=0.61 where the following sequence of phases was found: Lc→Hex→Gyroid→Dis (Lc is the crystalline lamellar phase, Hex signifies hexagonally packed cylinders, Gyroid is the bicontinuous cubic network with the Ia3̄d symmetry, and Dis is the disordered phase). We found that crystallization disrupts the amorphous ordered morphologies and imposes a layered structure (Lc). The study of the kinetics of the Hex to Lc and the Hex to Gyroid transitions is facilitated by the different viscoelastic contrast and the distinctly different scattering patterns of the three phases involved (Lc, Hex, Gyroid). Our studies show that it is possible to undercool and overheat ordered phases just as we can undercool the disordered phase. The transformation from the Hex to the Lc phase proceeds via a heterogeneous nucleation and growth process and results in the formation of a spherulitic superstructure composed from stacks of lamellar crystals. The transformation of the Hex to the Gyroid phase involves two steps. The first step—which is too fast to be picked up by rheology—involves fluctuations of the hexagonal phase. The second “slow” step involves a nucleation and growth process of elongated objects. The transformation proceeds nearly epitaxially and has an activation energy of 47 kcal/mol which is typical for a collective process.
A Benzofuranoid and Two Clerodane Diterpenoids from <i>Pulicaria wightiana</i> (2008)

Abstract Methyl 5‐formyl‐1‐benzofuran‐6‐carboxylate ( 1 ) and the two clerodane diterpenes, methyl 6‐oxocleroda‐3,13‐dien‐15,16‐olid‐18‐oate ( 2 ) and 2 β ‐(2‐methylbutanoyl)cleroda‐3,13‐dien‐15,16‐olid‐18‐oic acid ( 3 ), together with 15 known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Pulicaria wightiana. The structures of the new compounds 1, 2 , and 3 were established by spectroscopic (mainly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR) methods.
Cardinality-constrained texture filtering (2013)

We present a method to create high-quality sampling filters by combining a prescribed number of texels from several resolutions in a mipmap. Our technique provides fine control over the number of texels we read per texture sample so that we can scale quality to match a memory bandwidth budget. Our method also has a fixed cost regardless of the filter we approximate, which makes it feasible to approximate higher-quality filters such as a Lánczos 2 filter in real-time rendering. To find the best set of texels to represent a given sampling filter and what weights to assign those texels, we perform a cardinality-constrained least-squares optimization of the most likely candidate solutions and encode the results of the optimization in a small table that is easily stored on the GPU. We present results that show we accurately reproduce filters using few texel reads and that both quality and speed scale smoothly with available bandwidth. When using four or more texels per sample, our image quality exceeds that of trilinear interpolation.
Molten Salts: Volume 4, Part 1, Fluorides and Mixtures Electrical Conductance, Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension Data (1974)

Data on the electrical conductance, density, viscosity, and surface tension of fluoride mixtures have been systematically collected and evaluated. Results are given for 44 binary mixtures over a range of compositions and temperatures. Values of the above properties for the single salts have been updated in accord with previously advanced recommendations.
Novel Method of Reducing Ketones Using Sodium Hydroxide in Isopropanol (2010)

Ketones are readily reduced to secondary alcohols with sodium hydroxide in refluxing isopropanol.
A method for improved VCSEL packaging using MEMS and ink-jet technologies (2006)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been recognized as low-cost low-power light sources for applications, such as, optoelectronic (OE) interconnects for high-speed optical data communication. However, many VCSEL applications have not been fully realized due to the lack of solutions to technical issues such as optical coupling, alignment, interconnects, and RF compatibility. In this paper, the authors propose microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and MEMS-enabled ink-jet printing technologies to provide improved solutions to these technically challenging problems in OE-device packaging. Wafer-level microoptical elements consisting of transparent polymeric pedestals and microlenses were designed and fabricated directly on top of the VCSEL-emitting facets to improve the optical-coupling efficiency between the VCSEL and the optical fiber. Self-aligning MEMS clampers and micromold structures were designed and fabricated for precise packaging and reliable electrical connection of diced VCSEL arrays. This novel packaging process is substrate independent and relatively simple. This technique will provide a reliable assembly of OE devices in miniature optical systems on various substrates
Determination of left ventricular volume changes by intracardiac conductance using a biventricular electrode configuration (2006)

This animal study confirms the feasibility of assessing changes in LVSV by determining the LV intracardiac conductance. This creates the possibility of continuous haemodynamic monitoring with implantable devices.
Penetration depth measurements on type II superconducting films (1977)

A penetration depth (λ) measurement technique, which is based upon the λ-dependence of the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in superconducting transmission lines, is refined and used to accurately measure λ's in Pb films containing Au, In, or Bi additions. The results are applied to test two distinct predictions for λ's in London (or type II) superconductors. First, the measured dependence of λ upon low temperature electrical resistivity is compared with the theoretical prediction for a type II superconductor containing a dilute homogeneous impurity concentration. We find that the measured λ's follow this simple prediction reasonably well, irrespective of the species of impurity, with two anticipated exceptions. Namely, deviations occur for pure Pb, which is not a type II superconductor, and for the highest impurity concentration, in which case the Fermi surface may be appreciably distorted from that of pure Pb. Second, the London-theory prediction for the dependence of the effective penetration depth (λ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sup> ) upon film thickness (d), λ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sup> = λ(T) coth d/λ(T), is tested, in a d/λ range in which coth d/λ, is not closely approximated by 1 or λ/d. Separate experiments in which either film thickness or temperature, T, are varied reveal excellent agreement with the above formula. To our knowledge this is the first detailed confirmation of this explicit hyperbolic cotangent dependency.
Immunohistochemistry of CA 125 (1998)

CA 125 is known as the marker that is most strongly associated with epithelial gynecological tumors. Compared to the number of publications on its use in serum assays, the application in immunohistochemistry is still limited. The availability of many good antibodies that perform well in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue opens good possibilities for a wider use. Outside the gynecological tract several other structures may react positive for CA 125. Among these are the lung and breast but also the epithelial cells of the conjunctiva and to some extent prostate glandular epithelium. In the fetus reactions can be found in the serosal linings of body cavities but also in the esophagus and skin. In diagnostic pathology CA 125 plays a role in identifying the primary locations of metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin. It is recommended to use CA 125 antibodies not in a solitary setting but in combination with CEA, BRST-2 and Vimentin to discriminate best between the most frequent sites of origin of metastatic carcinoma. Regular analysis of sensitivity/specificity ratios in a balanced population, representing the composition of the patient population seen in daily practice, should be performed to evaluate the position of CA 125 in diagnostic immunohistochemistry.
The MTT Tetrazolium Salt Assay Scrutinized: How to Use this Assay Reliably to Measure Metabolie Activity of Cell Cultures in vitro for the Assessment of Growth Characteristics, IC<sub>50</sub>-Values and Cell Survival (1995)

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay is widely used for in vitro measurement of the metabolic viability of cell cultures subjected to different culture conditions. This convenient assay, which is based on the ability of viable cells to produce formazan, can be affected significantly by a number of conditions. These conditions can be roughly divided into groups, firstly influences which affect the spectrum of the produced formazan and secondly influences which affect the amount of formazan produced per cell. We studied the various chemical and biochemical aspects involved in the MTT assay. Our data indicated that microscopical viewing of cell cultures before and after performing the assay, a medium renewal with a well-defined MTT-incubation medium at the end of the culture period and regular cell counting are essential steps to ensure a reliable performance of the MTT assay. In conclusion, providing the necessary precautions are taken, the MTT assay can be used reliably to measure metabolic activity of cell cultures in vitro for the assessment of growth characteristics, IC50-values and cell survival.
Remote sensing of the atmosphere using a system of synchronously orbiting satellites (1993)

The paper contains a description of the numerical simulation of remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere using a system of synchronously orbiting satellites based upon methods of refractional tomography. Materials of the Global Atmospheric Research Program were used for the simulations. It was shown that a system of 8 or 12 satellites linked to each other with communication lines passing through the atmosphere potentially allows reconstruction of the pressure field with sufficient precision for meteorology.
Negative-Pressure Therapy versus Standard Wound Care (2011)

Therapeutic, II.
An RGBD-SLAM with Bi-directional PnP Method and Fuzzy Frame Detection Module (2019)

The core technology to mobile robots is referred to as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). It has been wildly investigated on improving pose estimate accuracy and mapping consistency. This paper proposes several algorithms on the target. Firstly, a fuzzy frame evaluation and filtering strategy based on OpenCV is proposed to prevent fuzzy frames from affecting pose estimation. Secondly, a Bi-directional PnP-RANSAC method is proposed to estimate the pose between frames, in which more matching information is exploited, and the consistency of results can be verified to obtain more accurate pose results. Furthermore, for the consideration of efficiency, a GPU acceleration algorithm named SiftGPU [1] is applied in the feature extraction and matching process to improve real-time performance. Finally, a complete RGB-D SLAM framework is built to realize the above algorithms. Experiments have been conducted in the lab environment and dataset [2], producing global consistent dense 3D environment representation and accurately estimated trajectory, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Identification Of Image Structure By The Mean Shift Procedure For Hierarchical Mrf-Based Image Segmentation (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Understanding the role of multi-rate retry mechanism for effective rate control in 802.11 wireless LANs (2009)

We consider the multi-rate retry (MRR) capability provided by current 802.11 implementations and carry out simulation-based study of its impact on performance with state-of- the-art rate control mechanisms in typical indoor wireless LAN scenarios. We find that MRR is more effective in non-congested environments, necessitating the need for a mechanism to differentiate between congested and non-congested situations to better exploit the MRR capability. We also observe that decoupling the long-term rate adaptation algorithm from the MRR mechanism is key to fully realizing the benefits of MRR.
4streams (2015)

In this paper we describe a novel photo sharing system called 4streams. This is an ambient photo display that allows a small group of users to keep in touch through a kind of visual twitter feed of concurrent photographs from their mobile phones. The photographs of up to four users are displayed in a dynamic collage in the four quadrants of a dedicated ambient display, with photographs to each quadrant arriving in real time as photographs are taken/uploaded. Historical photos can also be browsed or played back in lock-step with each other, as a reminder of what each member of the group was doing over the same period of time. The system was trailed over seven weeks by an extended family distributed over three countries. The findings suggest that the system increases the social connection and presence between children, parents and grandparents of an intergenerational family living apart. This was not only through 'visual status' images of family members living in different places, but also through updates of collocated members travelling away from home, and deliberately crafted images designed to elicit responses or trigger discussions in other media. The implications of these findings for theories of photo sharing are discussed.
REPICA: Rewriting Position Independent Code of ARM (2018)

Binary rewriting techniques are widely used in program vulnerability fixing, obfuscation, security-oriented transforming, and otherpurposes, such as binary profiling and optimization. Over the past decade, most binary instrumentation techniques have been studied on <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 86$ </tex-math></inline-formula> architecture, specifically focusing onthe challenges of instrumenting non-PIC. In contrast, ARM architecture has received little attention, and statically instrumenting PIC has not been studied in depth. In ARM, owing to its fixed-length instructions, addresses are frequently computed via multiple stages, making it difficult to handle all relative addresses, especially the relative address of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">base-plus-offset</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">base-plus-index addressing</i> . In this paper, we present <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REPICA</monospace> , a static binary instrumentation technique which can rewrite ARM binaries compiled in a position-independent fashion. <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REPICA</monospace> can instrument at anywhere without symbolic information. With the aim of identifying andprocessing relative-addresses accurately, we designed a value-set analysis specialized for PIC of which the domain is in symbolic format. We also identified a new challenge for situations all relative addresses cannot be corrected in an optimized way and solvedthis problem efficiently by the stepwise correction of each relative address. We implemented a prototype of <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REPICA</monospace> and experimented with approximately 1200 COTS binaries and SPECint2006 benchmarks. The experiment showed that all binaries rewritten by <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REPICA</monospace> maintain relative addresses correctly with negligible execution and space overhead. Finally, we exhibit the effectiveness of <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REPICA</monospace> by using it to implement a shadow stack.
Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human myeloid leukaemia cells. (1982)

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies that bind to determinants on myelogenous leukaemia blast cells were developed using fresh leukaemia blasts as immunogens. These monoclonal antibodies were used to quantitate the amount of a variety of antigens on both leukaemia and normal blood cells in a radioimmunoassay. The ability of these antibodies to mediate complement-dependent lysis of leukaemia cells and normal blood cells was evaluated. Significant quantitative differences in the expression of a variety of cell surface antigens were observed among different myeloid leukaemia cell samples, normal cells, and other forms of leukaemia. However, none of the monoclonal antibodies studied were found to be specific for myeloblasts. Despite the fact that these antibodies bound to both leukaemia and normal cells, several of them mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity which was restricted to leukaemic myeloblasts (AML-1-211, AML-2-30, CML-18, CML-75, CML-115, and CML-150). None of these clones, alone or in any combination, were capable of lysing normal lymphocytes or monocytes. Others were specifically cytotoxic to leukaemia cell lines (AML-1-99), B cells and some leukaemia samples (AML-2-9), and myelomonocytic leukaemia cell samples and normal monocytes (AML-2-23). Several of the monoclonal antibodies from this panel appear to be promising for future clinical applications.
Cascade proportional integral retarded control of servodrives (2018)

The goal of this work is to propose a new time-delay control law called the cascade proportional integral retarded controller, which is aimed at position control of DC servodrives. The proposed controller has a cascade inner loop-outer loop structure. The inner loop is endowed with an integral retarded algorithm, and regulates the servodrive angular velocity. A proportional controller closes the outer loop whose goal is to regulate the servodrive angular position. The tuning of the cascade proportional integral retarded controller is accomplished into two steps. In the first step, the velocity of the inner loop is tuned by assigning a triple dominant root. The second step tunes the outer position loop. It is also possible to modify the cascade proportional integral retarded controller to avoid velocity measurements without adding extra filters. Moreover, the cascade topology of the cascade proportional integral retarded controller makes it easy to introduce a nonlinear saturated gain in the outer loop. This controller termed as the cascade nonlinear proportional integral retarded controller prevents overshoots for large values of the set point, avoids excessive control effort, and maintains a prescribed value of the angular velocity. Experiments in real-time using a laboratory prototype allow assessing the performance of the proposed controllers.