gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACE2 Expression is Increased in the Lungs of Patients with Comorbidities Associated with Severe COVID-19 (2020)

The pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in several thousand deaths worldwide in just a few months. Patients who died from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often had comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive lung disease. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was identified as a crucial factor that facilitates SARS-CoV2 to bind and enter host cells. To date, no study has assessed the ACE2 expression in the lungs of patients with these diseases. Here, we analyzed over 700 lung transcriptome samples of patients with comorbidities associated with severe COVID-19 and found that ACE2 was highly expressed in these patients, compared to control individuals. This finding suggests that patients with such comorbidities may have higher chances of developing severe COVID-19. We also found other genes, such as <i>RAB1A</i>, that can be important for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung. Correlation and network analyses revealed many potential regulators of ACE2 in the human lung, including genes related to histone modifications, such as HAT1, HDAC2, and KDM5B. In fact, epigenetic marks found in ACE2 locus were compatible to with those promoted by KDM5B. Our systems biology approach offers a possible explanation for increase of COVID-19 severity in patients with certain comorbidities.
Synthesis and antidepressant activity of some new 8-thiocarbamoyl-7,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-6-ene derivatives. (1992)

Several 8-thiocarbamoyl-7,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-6-enes were prepared by condensing two alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones (2-benzylidene and 2,6-dibenzylidene cyclohexanones) with hydrazine hydrate and reacting the resulting compounds with various isothiocyanates. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectra (IR, 1H-NMR) and microanalysis; they were tested for antidepressant activity using Porsolt's behavioural despair test.
Feasibility of Index-Coded Retransmissions for Enhancing Sidelink Channel Efficiency of V2X Communications (2018)

To support the vehicular communication services that require low end-to-end transfer latency, the long-term evolution (LTE) specification recently defined a new channel <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sidelink</i> , which enables direct data transfer among vehicle user equipments (UEs) without the aid of network infrastructure. Since a sidelink transmitter is not able to have the receiver information due to the lack of feedback channels, the vehicle UE unconditionally triggers sidelink retransmissions regardless of the receiver’s status. Although this retransmission scheme is essential in a vehicular environment, the scheme has an inherent limitation in a performance aspect due to its redundant retransmissions, which eventually reduces the amount of the radio resource available for new sidelink transmissions. To resolve this issue, we propose to exploit the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">index coding</i> , which is effective for transferring multiple data blocks in an efficient way, to the sidelink retransmissions. We add an index-coding process to the sidelink retransmission procedure to make it consume the radio resource more efficiently. We also investigate how the sidelink protocol can be modified so that the proposed scheme can be realized in practical LTE systems. The intensive simulations and numerical analysis validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme for the enhancement of the sidelink performance in the aspect of channel efficiency.
Mechanistic Studies on Enzymatic Reactions by Electrospray Ionization MS Using a Capillary Mixer with Adjustable Reaction Chamber Volume for Time-Resolved Measurements (2004)

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have enormous potential for kinetic studies on enzyme-catalyzed processes. In particular, the use of electrospray ionization (ESI) MS for steady-state measurements is well established. However, there are very few reports of MS-based studies in the pre-steady-state regime, because it is difficult to achieve the time resolution required for this type of experiment. We have recently developed a capillary mixer with adjustable reaction chamber volume for kinetic studies by ESI-MS with millisecond time resolution (Wilson, D. J.; Konermann, L. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 6408-6414). Data can be acquired in kinetic mode, where the concentrations of selected reactive species are monitored as a function of time, or in spectral mode, where entire mass spectra are obtained for selected reaction times. Here, we describe the application of this technique to study the kinetics of enzyme reactions. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by chymotrypsin was chosen as a simple chromophoric model system. On-line addition of a "makeup solvent" immediately prior to ionization allowed the pre-steady-state accumulation of acetylated chymotrypsin to be monitored. The rate constant for acetylation, as well as the dissociation constant of the enzyme-substrate complex obtained from these data, is in excellent agreement with results obtained by conventional stopped-flow methods. Bradykinin was chosen to illustrate the performance of the ESI-MS-based method with a nonchromophoric substrate. In this case, the unfavorable rate constant ratio for acylation and deacylation of the enzyme precluded measurements in the pre-steady-state regime. Steady-state experiments were carried out to determine the turnover number and the Michaelis constant for bradykinin. The methodologies used in this work open a wide range of possibilities for future ESI-MS-based kinetic assays in enzymology.
Development of sustained release fast -melting tablets using ion -exchange resin complexes (2005)

Fast-melting tablets have received ever-increasing demands and have become a rapidly growing area in the pharmaceutical industry. However, fast-melting technology limits the number of drugs which can be incorporated into the tablets. The main objective of this work is to develop new sustained release fast-melting tablets based on the complex formation between drugs and ion-exchange resins. Complexes of resins and dextromethorphan were prepared with different resin functional groups, ion-exchange capacities, degrees of crosslinking, and particle sizes. Our results demonstrated that DM could be loaded up to a ratio of 3:1 (drug:resin), depending on the physicochemical properties of the resins. As the crosslinking ratio and particle size increased, the drug loading and release rate decreased due to a reduced effective diffusion coefficient and surface area. Sustained drug release was not fully achieved only with the ion-exchange resins; thus, to further the sustained release effects, coatings using various polymers were applied. Several aqueous polymeric dispersions, ethylcellulose (Aquacoat® ECD and Surelease®) and polyvinyl acetate (Kollicoat® SR 30D), were investigated as coatings. Because the drug release rate was quite dependent on the coating level, the release rate can be easily modified by changing different levels. Ethylcellulose was not resistant to the tablet manufacturing process because some cracks were observed after dissolution testing. However, films of Kollico ® SR 30D were resistant to the process, so the coated particles can be compressed into tablets without any rupture, resulting in no significant changes of the release rates. To investigate the exact release kinetics of polymer-coated resin complexes, results of new mathematical modeling were compared with experimental results. The Boyd and Higuchi models were used to describe the release kinetics. A comprehensive numerical model was developed for further theoretical evaluations. The rate-limiting factor of the uncoated resin particles was the drug diffusion through the core matrix as opposed to an ion-exchange reaction. Similarly, in the coated resin particles, the rate-limiting factor was the diffusion of the drug through the coating membrane. The numerical model fully captured the phenomena observed during experimental evaluation, and the release dynamics from the uncoated and coated particles was accurately predicted.
Short-Wavelength Transmission On 1300 Nm Optimized Single-Mode Fiber (1988)

Recent experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of both low and high speed 800 nm transmission on 1300 nm optimized single-mode fiber. Such a system is desirable for the local distribution network because it combines the high performance of single-mode fiber with the low cost of short-wavelength optoelectronic devices. This paper provides an overview of this technology. System design considerations, including splice and connector requirements to minimize mode coupling and modal noise at misaligned joints, and the choice of sources to optimize the trade-off between modal noise and material dispersion, are discussed.
An implantable CMOS circuit interface for multiplexed microelectrode recording arrays (1992)

A second-generation multichannel probe designed for measuring single-unit activity in neural structures is described. The probe includes CMOS circuitry for electronically positioning the recording sites with respect to the active neurons and for amplifying and multiplexing the recorded signals. The probe selects eight active recording sites from among 32 on the probe shank using a static input channel selector. The neural signals on the selected channels are then amplified and multiplexed to the outside world. The probe offers a typical AC gain of 300 (15 Hz to 7 kHz), a DC gain of 0.3, and an equivalent input noise of 15 mu V rms. Operating from a single 5-V supply, the probe dissipates 2.5 mW of power and implements channel selection, self-testing, data output, and initialization using three external leads. The probe is realized using 12 masks in a high-yield single-sided dissolved wafer process with a 3- mu m feature size for the circuitry and a 3- mu m pitch on the electrode shanks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing over Multimode Optical Fibers (2007)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation technique which is already widely employed in both wireless communication systems (WLAN, DVB-T, WiMAX) as well as wireline systems (ADSL, VDSL, PLC). Due to highly increasing speeds and lower costs of electronics, OFDM has recently also gained much interest in optical communication systems. In this paper, we will discuss the use of OFDM to counter the problem of multipath propagation in mutimode fibers (MMF) and the simultaneous use of spectrally efficient modulation schemes such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to increase the capacity of MMF transmission links.
An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output (2005)

I propose the index h, defined as the number of papers with citation number > or =h, as a useful index to characterize the scientific output of a researcher.
Recent Patents and Patented Technology Platforms for Pharmaceutical Taste Masking (2014)

Taste masking is an important factor in the development of oral dosage forms containing bitter active pharmaceutical ingredients. Currently numerous techniques are being applied to overcome this problem. Realizing this, several researchers and pharmaceutical companies are now engaged in developing novel techniques to address the problem of taste masking evident by numerous patents filed in this area in recent times. In this review the most recent patents for taste masking are discussed and how these patents overcome the limitations of conventional approaches of taste masking is also highlighted. Novel techniques based on some recent patents such as nanohybrid, melt extrusion, non-complex cyclodextrin compositions and off taste masking are providing new realms to taste masking of bitter drugs. The present article also provides an overview of various patented platform technologies based on different techniques/mechanisms employed for taste masking. The unique features and principles of taste-masking approaches used in various patented technologies are also discussed. A better understanding of these new patents and patented technologies will help researchers and pharmaceutical industries to select the appropriate platform, or to develop innovative products with improved taste masking properties.
pH Controlled Permeability of Lipid/Protein Biomimetic Microcapsules (2006)

The permeability of lipid and protein microcapsules fabricated by alternating adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA) on a template and subsequent removal of the core is studied as a function of pH value and supplementary layers. The capsules were permeable for macromolecules (FITC-labeled dextran, M(w) 40 kDa) at pH < 4.8 and impermeable at pH > 7.4. The assembly of supplementary DMPA bilayers rendered the capsules impermeable for small hydrophilic molecules such as 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF). Hence DMPA/HSA capsules can be resealed after fabrication by supplementary layers. This provides the opportunity of applying such biomimetic membrane capsules as drug carriers or model systems to study biological processes at membranes.
Multi-frequency recirculating planar magnetrons (2016)

The multi-frequency recirculating planar magnetron (MFRPM) is the first magnetron capable of simultaneous generation of significantly different output frequencies (1 and 2 GHz) in a single operating pulse. Design and simulation of a prototype MFRPM were followed by hardware fabrication and experimental verification using the Michigan Electron Long Beam Accelerator with a Ceramic insulator at −300 kV, 1–5 kA, and 0.14–0.23 T axial magnetic field. Preliminary results demonstrated simultaneous generation of microwave pulses near 1 GHz and 2 GHz at powers up to 44 MW and 21 MW, respectively, with peak total efficiencies up to 9%.
Particle Orientation Effects of Barium Ferrite Particulate Media (2010)

The effects of particle orientation on the performance of barium ferrite particulate media were investigated by both simulation and experiment. Orientation to either the longitudinal or the perpendicular direction improved performance compared to unoriented media. The experiment showed that small increase of the squareness ratio of the perpendicular direction from 0.69 to 0.84 boosted the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 1.5 dB at the linear recording density at 600 kbpi. Experimental results agreed well with the results of simulation. The simulation indicated that higher orientation to either direction produces an estimated achievable increase of SNR that was greater by 4 to 5 dB than that of randomly oriented media. This improvement seems to be due to the decrease of particles which oriented to cross track direction.
Optimized tone mapping with perceptually uniform luminance values for backward-compatible high dynamic range video compression (2012)

Backward compatibility for high dynamic range image and video compression forms one of the essential requirements in the transition phase from low dynamic range (LDR) displays to high dynamic range (HDR) displays. In a recent work [1], an optimized solution for tone mapping and inverse tone mapping of HDR images is achieved in terms of mean square error (MSE) of the logarithm of luminance values of HDR image pixels for backward-compatible compression. A disadvantage of this approach was to use non uniform luminance values according to Human perception for minimization, which causes quite non-natural over-illumination in the produced LDR images. In this paper, we propose to use perceptually uniform luminance values as an alternative for the optimization of tone mapping curve. The results indicate that the proposed approach gives better performance (0.5–1 dB gains) in terms of Perceptually Uniform Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PU-PSNR) and produces more realistic LDR images.
Structure-From-Motion in Spherical Video Using the von Mises-Fisher Distribution (2016)

In this paper, we present a complete pipeline for computing structure-from-motion from the sequences of spherical images. We revisit problems from multiview geometry in the context of spherical images. In particular, we propose methods suited to spherical camera geometry for the spherical-n-point problem (estimating camera pose for a spherical image) and calibrated spherical reconstruction (estimating the position of a 3-D point from multiple spherical images). We introduce a new probabilistic interpretation of spherical structure-from-motion which uses the von Mises-Fisher distribution to model noise in spherical feature point positions. This model provides an alternate objective function that we use in bundle adjustment. We evaluate our methods quantitatively and qualitatively on both synthetic and real world data and show that our methods developed for spherical images outperform straightforward adaptations of methods developed for perspective images. As an application of our method, we use the structure-from-motion output to stabilise the viewing direction in fully spherical video.
<i>ExSol</i> (2021)

No longer just prophesied about, cyber-attacks to Energy Delivery Systems (EDS) (e.g., the power grid, gas and oil industries) are now very real dangers that result in non-trivial economical losses and inconveniences to modern societies. In such a context, risk analysis has been proposed as a valuable way to identify, analyze, and mitigate potential vulnerabilities, threats, and attack vectors. However, performing risk analysis for EDS is difficult due to their innate structural diversity and interdependencies, along with an always-increasing threatscape. Therefore, there is a need for a methodology to evaluate the current system state, identify vulnerabilities, and qualify risk at multiple granularities in a collaborative manner among different actors in the context of EDS. With this in mind, this article presents ExSol , a collaborative, real-time, risk assessment ecosystem that features an approach for modeling real-life EDS infrastructures, an ontology traversal technique that retrieves well-defined security requirements from well-reputed documents on cyber-protection for EDS infrastructures, as well as a methodology for calculating risk for a single asset and for an entire system. Moreover, we also provide experimental evidence involving a series of attack scenarios in both simulated and real-world EDS environments, which ultimately encourage the adoption of ExSol in practice.
Photobleaching effects in optical fiber waveguides (1981)

The effect of optical signal intensity at the wavelength of system operation (0.85 microm) on the recovery of the radiation-induced attenuation in optical fiber waveguides following exposure to a 3700-rad dose of ionizing radiation has been investigated. Photobleaching has been observed in both pure and doped silica core fibers, although the effect is more pronounced in the former.
Permeation of protective garment material by liquid benzene (1979)

The chemical compound benzene (C/sub 6/H/sub 6/) has a melting point of 5.5/sup 0/C, a boiling point of 80.1/sup 0/C, and is widely used as a solvent and chemical intermediate throughout the chemical, petrochemical, and associated industries. Although the toxic and carcinogenic natures of benzene have been known for some time, the strict 1 ppM regulation governing human exposure to it as a vapor or a liquid is relatively recent. Because of regulations and concern, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health requested that a study be performed to determine the rate at which liquid benzene would permeate certain protective garment materials. Accordingly, this work presents the results of such measurements on butyl, natural, neoprene, nitrile, surgical, Tyvek, vinyl and Viton rubbers and elastomers, and the following composites or supported elastomers: butyl-coated nylon, ethylene vinyl acetate/polyethylene-coated polyester, polyethylene-coated Tyvek, and polyvinyl alcohol. Included in these determinations were studies to correlate the protective clothing swelling or weight change following immersion in benzene with the actual rate at which the materials were permeated by benzene so that ultimately a screening test might be recommended concerning the permeation or lack of permeation through given materials.
Characterisation of mRNAs encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein CI (1984)

cDNA clones encoding human apolipoprotein CI have been isolated from an adult liver cDNA library. Apo CI mRNA was shown to have two species of approximately 580 and 560 bases by RNA blot hybridisation. The intracellular precursor of apo CI was inferred from the cDNA sequence to be an 83 amino acid polypeptide consisting of the 57 residue mature protein and an additional 26 residue amino terminal signal peptide. The 5' untranslated regions of the messages are 63 and 40 bases as determined by primer extension and the 3' untranslated region 111 bases. A polyadenylation signal is situated 10 bases 3' of the poly(A) tall. The mRNA level of apo CI in human liver was significantly greater than that of apo All and apo E.
Cloud Infrastructure Service Management - A Review (2012)

The new era of computing called Cloud Computing allows the user to access the cloud services dynamically over the Internet wherever and whenever needed. Cloud consists of data and resources; and the cloud services include the delivery of software, infrastructure, applications, and storage over the Internet based on user demand through Internet. In short, cloud computing is a business and economic model allowing the users to utilize high-end computing and storage virtually with minimal infrastructure on their end. Cloud has three service models namely, Cloud Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Cloud Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). This paper talks in depth of cloud infrastructure service management.
Lung mechanics in individuals with spinal cord injury: effects of injury level and posture (2001)

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit reduced lung volumes and flow rates as a result of respiratory muscle weakness. These features have not, however, been investigated in relation to the combined effects of injury level and posture. Changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), FEV(1)/FVC, forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (FEF(50)), inspiratory capacity (IC), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) were assessed by injury level in the seated and supine positions in 74 individuals with SCI. The main findings were 1) FVC, FEV(1), and IC increased with descending SCI level down to T(10), below which they tended to level off; 2) supine values of FVC and FEV(1) tended to be larger in the supine compared with the seated posture down to injury level T(1), caudad to which they were less than when seated; 3) IC increased proportionately more down to injury level L(1), below which it declined slightly and plateaued; 4) ERV was measurable even at high cervical injuries, was generally smaller in the supine position, reached peak values in both positions at T(10) injury level, and then rapidly declined at lower levels; 5) when subjects were separated according to current, former, and never smokers, only formerly smoking paraplegic individuals demonstrated spirometric values significantly less than paraplegic individuals who never smoked. Changes in spirometric measurements in SCI are dependent on injury level and posture. These findings support the concept that the increase in vital capacity in supine position is related to the effect of gravity on abdominal contents and increase in IC.