gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Dynamic simulation and validation of a satellite docking system</title> (2003)

In recent years, Michigan Aerospace has approached the problem of gentle autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking using a flexible soft-dock cable that is extended from the docking spacecraft to the target spacecraft. Because of the nature of a soft-dock cable, testing and validation of the technology is difficult in normal gravity. To properly emulate the behavior of this soft-dock cable, we have performed dynamic computer simulations so that the effects of micro-gravity could be simulated. The Autonomous Satellite Docking System (ASDS) was initially prototyped and tested at Marshall Space Flight Center’s air-bearing floor facility. The test data was compared to the simulations and used to validate the model. Once a good correlation between the simulation’s predicted results and the actual data was shown, the model was used to predict future performance of the ASDS mechanism on several potential spacecraft for the Orbital Express program. A new dynamic simulation model was created and compared to test data from a recent KC-135 flight test to further validate the modeling approach used. This paper will describe the methodology used in modeling and simulating the ASDS mechanism. Correlation between the models and the test data will be discussed.
Homogeneous polymer–zeolite nanocomposite membranes by incorporating dispersible template-removed zeolite nanocrystals (2002)

Homogeneous polymer–zeolite membranes were fabricated by incorporation of dispersible template-removed zeolite A nanocrystals into polysulfone. SEM, XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption measurements were used to characterize the zeolite A nanocrystals. The uniformity of the polysulfone–zeolite A nanocomposite membranes was examined by SEM. Air separation measurements of the nanocomposite membranes showed enhanced performance in O2/N2 selectivity and O2 permeability. The polysulfone–zeolite nanocomposite membrane with 25 wt% zeolite A loading exhibited an O2/N2 selectivity of 7.7 and O2 permeability of 1.8 Barrers whereas the pure polysulfone membrane had an O2/N2 selectivity of 5.9 and O2 permeability of 1.3 Barrers.
A novel fault locator based on the detection of fault generated high frequency transients (1997)

Contemporary methods for fault location on overhead lines and underground cables can be classified into two fundamental types: (i) methods based on the measurement of post-fault line impedance; and (ii) methods based on the measurement of the fault generated travelling wave component. This paper presents the application of these new techniques to fault location on transmission and distribution line/cable systems. The technique utilises the specially designed fault locators to capture the fault generated high frequency voltage or current transient signals from the faulted line/cable. The propagation time of the high frequency components is used to determine the fault position.
Water-Conserving Plant-Growth System (1993)

Report presents further information about plant-growth apparatus described in Tubular Membrane Plant-Growth Unit (KSC-11375). Apparatus provides nutrient solution to roots of seedlings without flooding. Conserves water by helping to prevent evaporation from plant bed. Solution supplied only as utilized by seedlings. Device developed for supporting plant growth in space, also has applications for growing plants with minimum of water, such as in arid environments.
Low-threshold blue lasing from silk fibroin thin films (2012)

Silk is a natural biocompatible material that can be integrated in a variety of photonic systems and optoelectronic devices. The silk replication of patterned substrates with features down to tens of nanometers is exploited to realize highly transparent, mechanically stable, and free-standing structures with optical wavelength size. We demonstrate organic lasing from a blue-emitting stilbene-doped silk film spin-coated onto a one-dimensional distributed feedback grating (DFB). The lasing threshold is lower than that of organic DFB lasers based on the same active dye. These findings pave the way to the development of an optically active biocompatible technological platform based on silk.
High performance, miniature hyper-parametric microwave photonic oscillator (2010)

We report on the realization of a packaged microwave photonic hyperparametric oscillator based on a crystalline whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator. The oscillator produces spectrally pure microwave signals in the X frequency band, characterized with single sideband phase noise of -120 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz. We show that self-injection locking mechanism of the laser frequency to an optical WGM is vitally important for the steady operation of the device. We theoretically study dynamics for formation of the optical frequency comb generated by the hyperparametric oscillator and show that the oscillation threshold coincides with the threshold of the comb generation.
Selective Activation of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′‐Diacyl Rhodamine Pro‐fluorophores Paired with Releasing Enzyme, Porcine Liver Esterase (PLE) (2018)

This study reports the synthesis and testing of a family of rhodamine pro-fluorophores and an enzyme capable of converting pro-fluorophores to Rhodamine 110. We prepared a library of simple N,N'-diacyl rhodamines and investigated porcine liver esterase (PLE) as an enzyme to activate rhodamine-based pro-fluorophores. A PLE-expressing cell line generated an increase in fluorescence rapidly upon pro-fluorophore addition demonstrating the rhodamine pro-fluorophores are readily taken up and fluorescent upon PLE-mediated release. Rhodamine pro-fluorophore amides trifluoroacetamide (TFAm) and proponamide (PAm) appeared to be the best substrates using a cell-based assay using PLE expressing HEK293. Our pro-fluorophore series showed diffusion into live cells and resisted endogenous hydrolysis. The use of our engineered cell line containing the exogenous enzyme PLE demonstrated the rigorousness of amide masking when compared to cells not containing PLE. This simple and selective pro-fluorophore rhodamine pair with PLE offers the potential to be used in vitro and in vivo fluorescence based assays.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 and Focal Adhesion Kinase Bind and Suppress Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells (2006)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) are protein tyrosine kinases that are overexpressed in human cancer and play an important role in survival signaling. In addition to its involvement with cell survival, VEGFR-3 is a primary factor in lymphatic angiogenesis. Because FAK function is regulated by its COOH terminus (FAK-CD), we used FAK-CD as a target to identify binding partners. We isolated a peptide from a phage library that bound to FAK-CD, specifically the focal adhesion targeting domain of FAK and was homologous to VEGFR-3, suggesting these two tyrosine kinases physically interact. We have also shown that VEGFR-3 is overexpressed in human breast tumors and cancer cell lines. For the first time, we have shown the physical association of FAK and VEGFR-3. The association between the NH(2) terminus of VEGFR-3, containing the peptide identified by phage display, and the COOH terminus of FAK was detected by in vitro and in vivo binding studies. We then coupled a 12-amino-acid VEGFR-3 peptide, AV3, to a TAT cellular penetration sequence and showed that AV3 and not control-scrambled peptide caused specific displacement of FAK from the focal adhesions and affected colocalization of FAK and VEGFR-3. In addition, AV3 peptide decreased proliferation and caused cell detachment and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines but not in normal breast cells. Thus, the FAK/VEGFR-3 interaction may have a potential use to develop novel molecular therapeutics to target the signaling between FAK and VEGFR-3 in human tumors.
Complementary monoclonal antibody-based dot ELISA for universal detection of H5 avian influenza virus (2010)

Considering that the test is convenient for field use, this H5 Dot ELISA can be used for on-site detection of H5N1 infection in clinical or environmental specimens and facilitate the investigation of H5N1 influenza outbreaks and surveillance in poultry.
A New Reactor Safety Circuit for Low-Power-Level Operation (1979)

In the operation of nuclear reactors at low-power levels, one of the primary instrumentation problems is that the statistical fluctuations of reactor neutron population are accentuated by conventional log-count-rate and differentiating circuits and can cause frequent spurious scrams unless long time constants are incorporated in the circuit. Excessive time constants may introduce undesirable delay in the circuit response to legitimate scram signals. This paper develops the concept of a count doubling-time monitor which generates a scram signal if the number of counts from a pulse type neutron detector doubles in a given period of time. The paper demonstrates the theoretical relation between count doubling time and asymptomatic periods. A practical circuit to implement the function is described.
Human recognition by active and passive acoustic signatures (2008)

Recognition of different sensed objects is a problem that often appears in practice. One of the solutions is based on analysis of the signatures of the specific objects. This method was applied for the acoustic detection of walking humans. Human footsteps excite envelopes of broadband acoustic signals in the air due to periodic friction forces between the foot and the ground/floor. The repetition frequency of these envelopes is equal to the footstep rate and usually lies below 3 Hz. High frequencies in these envelopes allow detection and localization of a walker using a narrowband ultrasonic receiver with a high directivity pattern. Consequently, periodic low frequency human motion results in passive ultrasonic detection using this method. This motion has also unique Doppler signatures and is measured using ultrasonic sonar. Common analyses of passive and Doppler signatures allow the extraction of the specific cadence in human motion and recognition of a human while rejecting other moving or stationary objects. [Work supported by Department of the Army, Army Research Office contract W911NF-04-1-0190].
Identification of an iron-regulated 37,000-dalton protein in the cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1984)

We examined the outer membrane proteins which appear during the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae F62 in complex medium supplemented with 25 microM Desferal mesylate, a potent iron chelator. Outer membranes were prepared by Sarkosyl extraction and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several higher-molecular-weight (74,000 to greater than 94,000) proteins increased under iron-limiting conditions. In addition we observed the appearance of an iron-regulated protein with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000. This protein comigrated with the gonococcal protein I under normal Laemmli gel conditions. By increasing the ionic strength of the lower gel buffer, separation of protein I and the 37,000-dalton iron-regulated protein occurred. The 37,000-dalton protein stained poorly with Coomassie blue. However, when a silver stain was used, the protein appeared as a major component of the gonococcal outer membrane. Production of this 37,000-dalton protein was suppressed by the addition of iron to the medium. An iron-regulated protein with a similar molecular weight was observed in four clinical isolates and in an additional laboratory strain. Peptide mapping indicated that the 37,000-dalton protein was distinct from protein I and was identical between strains of the WI and WII serogroups.
The development and application of calculated readout in spectral parallelism in magnetic resonance imaging (2011)

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an object within a field-of-view (FOV) is spatially encoded with a broad spectrum of frequency components generating signals that decohere with one another to create a decaying echo with a large peak amplitude. The echo is short and decays at a rapid rate relative to the readout period when performing high resolution imaging of a sizable object where many frequency components are encoded resulting in faster decoherence of the generated signals. This makes it more difficult to resolve fine details as the echo quickly decays down to the quantization limit. Samples collected away from the peak signal, which are required to produce high resolution images, have very low amplitudes and therefore, poor dynamic range. We propose a novel data acquisition system, Calculated Readout in Spectral Parallelism (CRISP), that spectrally separates the radio frequency (RF) signal into multiple narrowband channels before digitization. The frequency bandwidth of each channel is smaller than the FOV and centered over a part of the image with minimal overlap with the other channels. The power of the corresponding temporal signal in each channel is reduced and spread across a broader region in time with a slower decay rate. This allows the signal from each channel to be independently amplified such that a larger portion of the signal is digitized at higher bits. Therefore, the dynamic range of the signal is improved and sensitivity to quantization noise is reduced. We present a realization of CRISP using inexpensive analog filters and preliminary results from high resolution images.
Hot spot detection, segmentation, and identification in PET images (2006)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images provide functional or metabolic information from areas of high concentration of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) tracer, the "hot spots". These hot spots can be easily detected by the eye, but delineation and size determination required e.g. for diagnosis and staging of cancer is a tedious task that demands for automation. The approach for such an automated hot spot segmentation described in this paper comprises three steps: A region of interest detection by the watershed transform, a heart identification by an evaluation of scan lines, and the final segmentation of hot spot areas by a local threshold. The region of interest detection is the essential step, since it localizes the hot spot identification and the final segmentation. The heart identification is an example of how to differentiate between hot spots. Finally, we demonstrate the combination of PET and CT data. Our method is applicable to other techniques like SPECT.
Gene expression biomarkers to predict overall survival of prostate cancer patients. (2012)

4561 Background: Current clinical parameters are not accurate in the prediction of overall survival of prostate cancer patients. Methods: Driven by cancer stem cell hypothesis and by using a simple bioinformatics analysis, we identified 641 genes with either consistently high or low level of expression in human embryonic stem cells. We showed that these 641 genes had strong power to classify cancers into different biological subtypes and named them as embryonic stem cell gene predictors (ESCGPs). Nineteen selected ESCGPs and five control genes were analyzed by multiplex quantitative PCR in prostate fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples taken at diagnosis. The cohort included 189 patients diagnosed during 1986-2001. Of these patients, 97.9% had overall and cancer specific survival data and 77.9% were treated by medical or surgical castration as the primary treatment. The cohort was divided into a discovery and two validation subsets. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier plots were used in the survival analysis. A published dataset was used for an external validation. Results: Ten gene markers F3, WNT5B, VGLL3, CTGF, IGFBP3, c-MAF-a, c-MAF-b, AMACR, MUC1 and EZH2, showed a significant correlation to overall or cancer specific survival. Four of these genes, F3, IGFBP3, CTGF and AMACR, were independent of all clinical parameters. An expression signature of F3, VGLL3 and IGFBP3 characterized patients into three subtypes. The median overall survival was 2.60 years in the high risk, 3.85 years in the intermediate risk and 7.98 years in the low risk subtype, corresponding to a HR of 5.86 (95% CI 2.91-11.78, p<0.001) for the high risk and 3.45 (95% CI 1.79-6.66, p<0.001) for the intermediate risk over the low risk subtype. Two gene markers, F3 and EZH2, were further verified by the external validation. Conclusions: The new ESCGP gene markers and the expression signatures can be used to predict the overall and cancer specific survival of prostate cancer patients.
Analysis and modeling of Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant devices (2016)

The analysis of Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant (CSCMR) devices for wireless power transfer is presented in this paper. A non-simplified CSCMR model is developed, in which cross coupling and mutual inductances between all elements are considered. Analytical, experimental, and simulated results are compared and validated for elements of varying dimensions. The analytical model accurately predicts efficiency, frequency, and regimes of operation for various configurations.
Restricting the Selection of Antibiotic‐Resistant Mutants: A General Strategy Derived from Fluoroquinolone Studies (2001)

Studies with fluoroquinolones have led to a general method for restricting the selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants. The strategy is based on the use of antibiotic concentrations that require cells to obtain 2 concurrent resistance mutations for growth. That concentration has been called the "mutant prevention concentration" (MPC) because no resistant colony is recovered even when >10(10) cells are plated. Resistant mutants are selected exclusively within a concentration range (mutant selection window) that extends from the point where growth inhibition begins, approximated by the minimal inhibitory concentration, up to the MPC. The dimensions of the mutant selection window can be reduced in a variety of ways, including adjustment of antibiotic structure and dosage regimens. The window can be closed to prevent mutant selection through combination therapy with > or =2 antimicrobial agents if their normalized pharmacokinetic profiles superimpose at concentrations that inhibit growth. Application of these principles could drastically restrict the selection of drug-resistant pathogens.
MULTISPECTRAL DETECTION OF FECAL CONTAMINATION ON APPLES BASED ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY: PART II. APPLICATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL FLUORESCENCE IMAGING (2002)

Pathogenic E. coli contamination in unpasteurized apple juice or cider is thought to originate from animal feces,and fecal contamination of apples has been recognized by the FDA as an important health issue. In a companion article,reflectance imaging techniques were shown inadequate for the detection of thin smears of feces applied to apples. Theobjective of this study was to evaluate the use of fluorescence imaging techniques to detect fecal contamination on applesurfaces. A hyperspectral imaging system based on a spectrograph, camera, and UV light source was used to obtainhyperspectral images of Red Delicious, Fuji, Golden Delicious, and Gala apples. Fresh dairy feces were applied to each appleas both a thick patch and as a thin smear. Results indicate that multispectral fluorescence techniques can be used to effectivelydetect fecal contamination on apple surfaces. Both principal component analysis and examination of emission maximaidentified the same four multispectral bands (450, 530, 685, and 735 nm) as being the optimal bands to allow discriminationof contaminated apple surfaces. Furthermore, the simple twoband ratio (e.g., 685 to 450 nm) reduced the variation in normalapple surfaces while accentuating differences between contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Because of the limitedsample size, delineation of an optimal detection scheme is beyond the scope of the current study. However, the results suggestthat use of multispectral fluorescence techniques for detection of fecal contamination on apples in a commercial setting maybe feasible.
Improvement of Chaperone Activity of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin Using Gamma Ray (2011)

A typical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) PaPrx can act alternatively as thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent peroxidase and molecular chaperone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. In addition, the functional switch of PaPrx is regulated by its structural change which is dependently induced by stress conditions. In the present study, we examined the effect of gamma ray on structural modification related to chaperone activity of PaPrx. The structural change of PaPrx occupied with gamma ray irradiation (2 kGy) based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis and the functional change also began. The enhanced chaperone activity was increased about 3-4 folds at 30 kGy gamma irradiation compared with nonirradiated PaPrx, while the peroxidase activity was significantly decreased. We also investigated the influence of the gamma ray on protein hydrophobicity as related to chaperone function. The exposure of hydrophobic domains reached a peak at 30 kGy gamma ray and then decreased dependently with increasing gamma irradiation. Our results suggest that highly enhanced chaperone activity could be adapted for use in bio-engineering systems and industrial applications such as enzyme stabilization during industrial process (inactivation protection), improvement of useful protein productivity (refolding and secretion) and industrial animal cell cultivation (stress protection).
Highest observed second harmonic intensity from a multilayered Langmuir-Blodgett film structure (1991)

Strong second harmonic generation (SHG) has been obtained from multilayered LangmuirBlodgett (LB) films of (i) a new hemicyanine dye ENoctadecyl--4-''(4-diirtethylaminophenyl) ethenyl)pyridinium iodide interleaved with 4 4 ''dioctadecyl--3 5 3 '' 5 '' -tetramethyldipyrrylmethene hydrobrornide and (ii) an unusual irbridged donor-acceptor zwitterion Z/3(Nhexadecyl4quinolinium) acyano4styryldicyanomethanide . The SH intensity increases quadratically with the number of LB layers. For the interleaved structure the SH intensity obtained from 200 layers (Ca. 0. 5 m thick) is 18 times the signal from a monolayer of the hemicyanine dye reported by Girling et al the intensity is the highest reported for an LB film.
Method and circuit arrangement for energizing ultrasonic transducers which are utilized in impulse echo technology (1982)

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Selective and Efficient Platinum(0)-Carbene Complexes As Hydrosilylation Catalysts (2002)

The hydrosilylation reaction enables the production of silicon polymers. Platinum-carbene complexes are reported that catalyze the hydrosilylation reaction of alkenes with remarkable efficiency and exquisite selectivity and avoid the formation of platinum colloids. By-products, typically encountered with previous catalytic systems, are suppressed with these platinum derivatives.