gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoblot cross-reactivity of factor VIII inhibitors with porcine factor VIII (1995)

Porcine factor VIII has been used successfully to treat factor VIII inhibitor patients whose plasmas have minimal cross-reactivity to porcine factor VIII. However, some inhibitor plasmas do inhibit porcine factor VIII, and the extent of procoagulant inhibition often increases after treatment with porcine factor VIII. Because there is no information about the porcine factor VIII epitopes with which these antibodies react, we have compared the immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivities with porcine and human factor VIII for 20 inhibitor plasmas (11 from hemophilia A patients and 9 autoantibodies). Immunoblots identified binding to porcine factor VIII for only 2 of the 12 plasmas from patients who had not received porcine factor VIII, but this reactivity could not be predicted from the inhibitor titer to porcine factor VIII. Immunoblot reactivity with porcine factor VIII was detected for 7 of 8 inhibitor plasmas from patients who had been previously treated with porcine factor VIII, and the strength of this reactivity was generally related to the inhibitor titer. Of the 5 plasmas that were immunoblot positive with the porcine factor VIII A2 domain, 4 had inhibitor titers greater than 45 Bethesda units when tested with porcine factor VIII, whereas only 1 of 15 of the other plasmas had this level of inhibitor activity with porcine factor VIII. In contrast, immunoblot reactivity to the porcine factor VIII A1 domain did not correlate with the antiporcine VIII inhibitor titer. We also determined the effect of preincubation with human or porcine factor VIII on immunoblot reactivity. In one case, immunoblot reactivity with porcine factor VIII was absorbed with porcine, but not human, factor VIII, which is consistent with antibody formation after treatment with porcine factor VIII. In no cases did human factor VIII reduce the reactivity of inhibitor plasmas with the porcine A1 domain, suggesting that these antibodies are directed at unique porcine factor VIII determinants. The reactivity to porcine A2 in 2 plasmas probably represented cross-reactivity of similar A2 determinants, because it was absorbed by both human and porcine factor VIII. Although the ELISA assays with porcine factor VIII detected antibodies in some plasmas that could not be identified by inhibitor assay or immunoblot, the level of ELISA reactivity was generally consistent with the titers of the other assays.
A Model for Policy-Based Automation of Usage Accounting across Multiple Cloud Infrastructures (2013)

Cloud Computing provides flexible and dynamic provisioning of resources, services, and applications. As such, Cloud Computing is the ideal IT infrastructure for the ever changing workload of companies and service providers. Although, cloud providers offer functionality for usage accounting, this functionality is limited to their own requirements. Companies and service providers as cloud users have also a need for usage accounting, but with different requirements than the cloud providers. Additionally, cloud users are not limited to a single cloud, but make use of multiple cloud infrastructures and applications depending on their needs. Cloud users require a usage accounting infrastructure not only capable of supporting billing as an accounting application, but capable of supporting all kinds of applications. For example applications like cost allocation or trend analysis. In order to be able to manage such a complex and adaptable usage accounting infrastructure, we present a policy-based management approach. Policies are used as a high-level description of the intended behavior of the infrastructure which are then utilized to derive configurations for the infrastructure services. Such a solution ensures the efficient management and administration of complex usage accounting infrastructures.
Position resolution in a Ge-strip detector (1999)

We have investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, how to reconstruct in 3D the interaction positions for (gamma) -rays penetrating into a double-sized Ge cross trip detector. We found that when a suitable geometry is used, the 3D-reconstruction problem can be reduced to three 1D ones, which greatly simplifies the task. We report measurements on a 10mm thick detector with 2mm strip pitch, showing that at least 2mm position resolution can easily be achieved perpendicular to the detector plane. While the in- plane resolution is presently limited to the strip pitch we present work on progress in developing algorithms to improve this. This includes in particular the expected effects of the electronics and the interstrip capacitance on the signal shapes. Finally, we present captured waveforms that indicate the possibility of reconstructing more complex events such as Compton scattering.
Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation using 42/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2004)

We have periodically poled 42/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut near-stoichiometric lithium tantalate crystals. These crystals enable QPM in surface-normal configurations for scaling to large apertures. Initial SHG results are consistent with theoretical expectations.
Interactive acquisition of residential floor plans (2012)

We present a hand-held system for real-time, interactive acquisition of residential floor plans. The system integrates a commodity range camera, a micro-projector, and a button interface for user input and allows the user to freely move through a building to capture its important architectural elements. The system uses the Manhattan world assumption, which posits that wall layouts are rectilinear. This assumption allows generating floor plans in real time, enabling the operator to interactively guide the reconstruction process and to resolve structural ambiguities and errors during the acquisition. The interactive component aids users with no architectural training in acquiring wall layouts for their residences. We show a number of residential floor plans reconstructed with the system.
Rigidity Percolation in Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited a-SiC:H Thin Films (2010)

Plasma Enhanced Chemically Vapor Deposited SiC:H thin films are compelling materials for both semiconductor nano-electronic and MEMS/NEMS technologies due to the extreme chemical inertness of this material and the ability to tune a variety of material properties across an extreme range of values. As one example of the latter, we demonstrate that using PECVD the dielectric constant and Young's modulus of SiC:H thin films can be varied from < 3 to > 7 and < 10 GPa to > 200 GPa respectively. Utilizing Fourier Infrared-Transform Spectroscopy, we show that this remarkable range in materials properties is achieved primarily via the incorporation of terminal hydrogen groups which lowers the overall connectivity of the Si-C network bonding. We find that once the average network coordination number for Si and C falls below 2.6, the SiC network becomes under constrained and there is a loss of rigidity percolating through the system thus limiting the range of materials properties that can be achieved in this system.
An object-oriented data model for partition processing in distributed databases (1990)

Data replication in a distributed database system can lead to inconsistencies when communication breaks down due to partition failures. Correctness can be ensured if the data model used for representing and manipulating data properly captures real-world semantics.
Document summarisation based on sentence ranking using vector space model (2013)

WWW is a repository of large collection of information available in the form of unstructured documents. Therefore, the identification of documents of interest from such a huge pool of documents is very challenging. Text summarisation technique is used in information retrieval for searching document in lesser time. Ranking of documents is made based on the summary or the abstract provided by the authors of the document which is not always possible as not all documents come with an abstract or summary. Also, when different summarisation tools are used to summarise the document, not all the topics covered within the document are reflected in its summary. In this paper, we propose a method to automate the process of text document summarisation based on the term frequency within the document at different levels – paragraph and sentence. To summarise the document, similarity between the paragraphs and sentences within the paragraph is considered using vector space model. Our proposed system evaluation on the standard reference corpus from DUC-2002 using the ROUGE package indicates comparable avg. recall, avg. precision and avg. F-measure to existing summarisation tools – Copernic, SweSum, Extractor, MSWord AutoSummariser, Intelligent, Brevity, Pertinence taking DUC-2002 (100 words) human summary as baseline summary.
Design of Service System Framework for Web-Based Monitoring and Control of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) in Subway Stations (2009)

In crowded subway stations indoor air quality (IAQ) is a key factor for ensuring the safety, health and comfort of passengers. In this study, a framework of VDN based service system for monitoring and control of IAQ in subway stations that heavily relies on information technology is suggested from the viewpoint of service science. Since physical variables that describing IAQ such as the concentration of particulate, CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , VOCs and biological agents need to be closely monitored and controlled in multiple locations in subway stations, concept of distributed monitoring and control network should be implemented. Further, connecting remote device (LonWorks) networks to the IP network based on the concept of VDN can provide a powerful, integrated, distributed monitoring and control performance, making an innovation in the sense of service science possible.
La asunción social de roles: revisión selectiva de las últimas investigaciones evolutivas (1983)

RESUMENLa aparición de la cognición social como tema de investigación es muy reciente, y el concepto de asunción de roles adquiere en este área una importancia central. Históricamente, surgió como reacción a la importancia adjudicada por Piaget al egocentrismo inicial, y debe mucho a los escritos de G.H. Mead. La asunción de roles puede considerarse la aptitud social prototípica y puede manifestarse de varias maneras, entre las que cabe incluir la asunción perceptiva de roles (conciencia de perspectivas visuales ajenas), la asunción cognitiva de roles (conciencia de pensamientos ajenos), y la asunción afectiva de roles (conciencia de sentimientos ajenos). En todos estos casos se hace evidente que, ya a muy temprana edad, aparecen algunas formas básicas de asunción de roles durante la infancia, aunque inicialmente su manifestación es específica para cada situación y extremadamente dependiente de señales relativas al contexto y a las instrucciones. Generalmente, las diferencias individuales son muy pronunciadas, en cualquier edad aunque su falta de coherencia en distintas medidas aconseja prudencia a la hora de suponer la existencia de una aptitud general para asumir roles. Parece muy probable que las limitaciones iniciales de la asunción de roles tengan su origen en una insensibilidad del niño al tema general de las perspectivas, y no tanto en una fijación en la propia perspectiva.
Oncolytic viruses and DNA-repair machinery: overcoming chemoresistance of gliomas (2006)

The current standard of care for malignant gliomas is surgical resection and radiotherapy followed by extended adjuvant treatment with the alkylating agent temozolomide. Temozolomide causes DNA damage, which induces cell death. Through changes in the DNA-repair machinery, glioma cells develop resistance to temozolomide, compromising the therapeutic effect of the drug. Oncolytic viruses, such as herpes simplex viruses and adenoviruses, are being introduced into clinical trials as a new treatment for this malignancy. Biological studies have revealed that these viruses use mechanisms to either inactivate (adenovirus) or take advantage of (herpes simplex virus) the cellular DNA-repair machinery to achieve productive replication. Adenoviruses express proteins from the early genes to either downregulate the damage-repair enzyme, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, or degrade poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase or the Mre11-Rad50-NBS1 complex, which detects DNA strand breaks. Temozolomide enhances herpes simplex virus oncolysis by upregulating the DNA repair-related genes growth arrest DNA damage 34 and ribonucleotide reductase. The interactions between viruses and the DNA-repair machinery suggest that a combined temozolomide and viral therapy will overcome the limitations of a single therapy by diminishing chemoresistance or enhancing oncolysis. This hypothesis has been supported by promising findings from preclinical and clinical studies.
A new hybrid fast mode decision method for H.264/AVC intra coding (2013)

A new hybrid fast mode decision method for H.264/AVC intra coding is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, edge based filters are applied to some samples distributed in the block and each directional mode is related to a filtering result. After that, the absolute sum of Hadamard Transformed coefficients of the filtering results is utilized to help selecting the candidate prediction modes. In addition, local information is employed by using Most Probable Mode (MPM) from neighboring coded blocks which can significantly mitigate the increase of coding bits. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to provide a better coding performance than existing algorithms.
Finite-size limitations on Quality Factor of guided resonance modes in 2D Photonic Crystals (2013)

High-Q guided resonance modes in two-dimensional photonic crystals, enable high field intensity in small volumes that can be exploited to realize high performance sensors. We show through simulations and experiments how the Q-factor of guided resonance modes varies with the size of the photonic crystal, and that this variation is due to loss caused by scattering of in-plane propagating modes at the lattice boundary and coupling of incident light to fully guided modes that exist in the homogeneous slab outside the lattice boundary. A photonic crystal with reflecting boundaries, realized by Bragg mirrors with a band gap for in-plane propagating modes, has been designed to suppress these edge effects. The new design represents a way around the fundamental limitation on Q-factors for guided resonances in finite photonic crystals. Results are presented for both simulated and fabricated structures.
War and Peace: Of Law, Lawlessness, and Sovereignty (2000)

Laws of war have been carefully defined by individual nations’ own codes of law as well as by supranational bodies. Yet the international scene has seen an increasing movement away from traditionally declared war toward multinational peacekeeping missions geared at containing local conflicts when perceived as potential threats to their respective regions ’ political stability. While individual nations’ laws governing warfare presuppose national sovereignty, the multinational nature of peacekeeping scenarios can blur the lines of command structures, soldiers ’ national loyalties, occupational jurisdiction, and raise profound questions as to which countries ’ moral sense/governmental system is to be the one upheld. Historically increasingly complex international relations have driven increasingly detailed internationally drafted guidelines for countries ’ interactions while at war, yet there are operational, legislative, and moral issues arising in multinational peacekeeping situations which these laws do not address at all. The author analyzes three unique peacekeeping operations in light of these legislative voids and suggests systematic points to consider to the end of protecting the peacekeepers, the national interests of the countries involved, operational matters, and clearly delineating both the objective and logical boundaries of a given multinational peacekeeping mission.
Identification of Hypoxically Inducible mRNAs in HeLa Cells Using Differential‐Display PCR (1996)

Oxygen is an important regulator of gene expression in mammalian cells, though the extent of operation and the organization of the inducible mechanisms involved are still largely undetermined. To define better the response to hypoxia, we have used differential display PCR to identify genes whose expression is induced in HeLa cells exposed to 1% oxygen. Among six genes whose induction by hypoxia was newly defined in this way, three were of known function, encoding the glucose transporter isoform 3 (Glut-3), adenylate kinase isoenzyme 3 (AK-3), and tissue factor, two were expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and one corresponded to a new sequence. One regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia has recently been identified as a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex termed hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is also inducible by the iron chelator, desferrioxamine. Of the six hypoxically regulated genes, at least four were also induced by exposure of the cells to desferrioxamine. To analyse further the mechanisms underlying induction of the genes identified in the differential display, inducible expression was compared in wild-type mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa-1), and mutant derivatives (c4) which fail to generate HIF-1, due to a functional defect in one component, HIF-1 beta. Two types of response were defined. For Glut-3 and AK-3, mutant (c4) cells showed almost complete loss of the inducible response to both hypoxia and desferrioxamine. In contrast, tissue factor mRNA was more inducible by both stimuli in c4 than wild-type cells. These studies demonstrate the critical importance of HIF-1 beta in newly recognized responses to hypoxia, and provide further evidence of the importance of this system of gene regulation in mammalian cells; they also demonstrate responses to both hypoxia and desferrioxamine which are independent of HIF-1 beta and which appear exaggerated in HIF-1 beta-deficient cells.
Low neural exosomal levels of cellular survival factors in Alzheimer's disease (2015)

Transcription factors that mediate neuronal defenses against diverse stresses were quantified in plasma neural-derived exosomes of Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia patients and matched controls. Exosomal levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, heat-shock factor-1, and repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor all were significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease patients than controls (P < 0.0001). In frontotemporal dementia, the only significant difference was higher levels of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor than in controls. Exosomal transcription factors were diminished 2-10 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Low exosomal levels of survival proteins may explain decreased neuronal resistance to Alzheimer's disease neurotoxic proteins.
Insulin-induced phosphorylation of FKHR (Foxo1) targets to proteasomal degradation (2003)

Forkhead transcription factor FKHR (Foxo1) is a key regulator of glucose homeostasis, cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. It has been shown that FKHR is phosphorylated via insulin or growth factor signaling cascades, resulting in its cytoplasmic retention and the repression of target gene expression. Here, we investigate the fate of FKHR after cells are stimulated by insulin. We show that insulin treatment decreases endogenous FKHR proteins in HepG2 cells, which is inhibited by proteasome inhibitors. FKHR is ubiquitinated in vivo and in vitro, and insulin enhances the ubiquitination in the cells. In addition, the signal to FKHR degradation from insulin is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and the mutation of FKHR at the serine or threonine residues phosphorylated by protein kinase B, a downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, inhibits the ubiquitination in vivo and in vitro. Finally, efficient ubiquitination of FKHR requires both phosphorylation and cytoplasmic retention in the cells. These results demonstrate that the insulin-induced phosphorylation of FKHR leads to the multistep negative regulation, not only by the nuclear exclusion but also the ubiquitination-mediated degradation.
Duramycin exhibits antiproliferative properties and induces apoptosis in tumour cells (2012)

Duramycin is a polypeptide that binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on cell surfaces with high affinity, and has been shown to disrupt tumour cell surface-based coagulation and exhibit weak antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of duramycin on tumour cell proliferation and viability. Duramycin was used to detect phosphatidylethanolamine expression on cell lines by flow cytometry. Cells were cultured in the presence of duramycin and proliferation and cell viability assessed. Electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were utilized to investigate cell membrane structure after duramycin treatment. Pancreatic tumour cells were shown to express phosphatidylethanolamine on their cell surfaces by specific labelling with duramycin. Phosphatidylethanolamine expression was generally increased in apoptotic cells and more so in necrotic cells. Cells cultured in the presence of duramycin showed increasing levels of apoptosis and ultimately necrosis with increasing duramycin concentrations, and cell proliferation was reduced in a duramycin dose-dependent manner between 0.125 and 12.5 μmol/l. Tissue factor expression was also reduced when cells were cultured in the presence of duramycin. Cells imaged by electron microscopy were fragile, suggesting that membrane integrity was compromised by duramycin, although no obvious differences in membrane structure were observed by live cell confocal imaging. Duramycin induced apoptosis and exhibited antiproliferative and anticoagulant effects on pancreatic tumour cells, most probably by disrupting cell membrane structure and/or function.
Corneal Toxicity Studies in Rabbits and Dogs with Hydroxyethyl <i>Cellulose</i> and Benzalkonium Chloride (1989)

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) is used as a viscosity-enhancing agent in ophthalmic formulations to prolong corneal contact time and increase intraocular drug levels. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is the preservative most frequently used in ophthalmic formulations. Corneal epithelia] changes were seen by slit lamp and light microscopic examination in rabbits but not dogs after multiple instillations of an ophthalmic vehicle containing 0.01% BAK and 0.5% HEC. Microscopically, there was sloughing of superficial epithelial cells and a slight loss of polarity of the basal cells. Formulations with 0.01% BAK and HEC, at concentrations between 0.3 and 0.8%, caused these changes but not with BAK or HEC alone. It was concluded that hydroxyethyl cellulose increased the viscosity and prolonged the contact time of BAK with cornea resulting in corneal epithelial damage in the rabbit. Physiological and anatomical features of the rabbit combined with the increased contact time were concluded to favor these changes in this species. The results confirm that the rabbit is a sensitive and unique species in studies of ocular toxicity of drugs.