gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic stool subtraction using quadratic regression, morphological operations, and distance transforms (2007)

CT colonography (CTC) is being extensively studied for its potential value in colon examinations, since it offers many advantages such as lower risk and less patient discomfort. However, CTC, like all other types of full structural colorectal examinations to date, requires complete bowel preparation. The inconvenience and discomfort associated with this preparation is an important obstacle to compliance with currently recommended colorectal screening guidelines. To maximize compliance, CTC would ideally be performed on an unprepared colon. However, in an unprepared colon residual stool and fluid can mimic soft tissue density and thus confound the identification of polyps. An alternative is to tag the stool with an opacifying agent so that it is brighter than soft tissue and thus easily recognized automatically and then reset to air values. However, such electronic stool subtraction in a totally unprepared colon is difficult to perform accurately for several reasons, including poorly labeled areas of stool, the need to accurately quantify partial volume effects, and noise. In this study the qualitative performance of a novel stool subtraction algorithm was assessed in unprepared CT colonography screening exams of 26 consecutive volunteers. Results showed that nearly all stool was removed in 62% of the cases, fold erosion was mild or nonexistent in 75% of the cases, and wall erosion was mild or non-existent in 100% of cases. Although further study and refinement of the stool subtraction process is required, CT colonography of the unprepared colon with electronic stool subtraction is feasible.
Absolute surface displacement measurement using pulsed photo-electromotive-force laser vibrometer (2007)

We demonstrate experimentally a new technique for measuring unambiguously the surface displacement of a vibrating surface using a high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer based on the photo-electromotive-force (photo-EMF) sensors. By intentionally introducing a reference vibration with known frequency and amplitude, we show that the photo-EMF pulsed laser vibrometer is able to determine the absolute value of surface displacement independent of the test subject's surface quality and the amount of laser power density impinging on the sensor.
Location disambiguation in local searches using gradient boosted decision trees (2010)

Local search is a specialization of the web search that allows users to submit geographically constrained queries. However, one of the challenges for local search engines is to uniquely understand and locate the geographical intent of the query. Geographical constraints (or location references) in a local search are often incomplete and thereby suffer from the referent ambiguity problem where the same location name can mean several different possibilities. For instance, just the term "Springfield" by itself can refer to 30 different cities in the USA. Previous approaches to location disambiguation have generally been hand compiled heuristic models. In this paper, we examine a data-driven, machine learning approach to location disambiguation. Essentially, we separately train a Gradient Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT) model on thousands of desktop and mobile-based local searches and compare the performance to one of our previous heuristic based location disambiguation system (HLDS). The GBDT based approach shows promising results with statistically significant improvements over the HLDS approach. The error rate reduction is about 9% and 22% for the desktop-based and the mobile-based local searches respectively. Additionally, we examine the relative influence of various geographic and non-geographic features that help with the location disambiguation task. It is interesting to note that while the distance between the user and the intended location has been considered as an important variable, the relative influence of distance is secondary to the popularity of the location in the GBDT learnt models.
Energy efficient dual threshold voltage dynamic circuits employing sleep switches to minimize subthreshold leakage (2004)

A sleep switch dual threshold voltage domino logic circuit technique for placing idle domino circuits into a low leakage state is proposed in this paper. The circuit technique reduces the leakage energy by up to 830 times as compared to a standard low threshold voltage domino logic circuit in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The sleep switch circuit technique significantly enhances the effectiveness of a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology to reduce subthreshold leakage current by strongly turning off all of the high threshold voltage transistors. The circuit technique reduces leakage energy by up to 714 times as compared to a standard dual threshold voltage domino logic circuit. A domino adder enters and leaves the low leakage sleep mode within a single clock cycle. The energy overhead of the circuit technique is low, justifying the activation of the proposed sleep scheme by producing a net savings in total power consumption during idle periods as short as 57 clock cycles.
Trap Response of Michigan Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to the Feeding Attractants Acetic Acid, Isobutanol, and Heptyl Butyrate. (2018)

Nine species of social wasps were captured in traps baited with acetic acid, isobutanol, heptyl butyrate and combinations of acetic acid and either isobutanol or heptyl butyrate. Three yellowjacket species in the Vespula rufa species group were captured in traps (Vespula acadica (Sladen), Vespula consobrina (Saussure), Vespula vidua (Saussure)). They responded similarly, with attraction only to heptyl butyrate. Three yellowjacket species in the Vespula vulgaris species group were also captured in traps (Vespula vulgaris (L.), Vespula flavorpilosa Jacobson, Vespula maculifrons (Buyyson)). They responded similarly, with attraction primarily to the combination of acetic acid and isobutanol. The bald-faced hornet, Dolichovespula maculata (L.), was attracted to acetic acid and was more strongly attracted to the combination of acetic acid and isobutanol. The aerial yellowjacket, Dolichovespula arenaria (Fabr.), was attracted to isobutanol, and was more strongly attracted to the combination of acetic acid and isobutanol. These results add to our understanding of how to target various species of social wasps with chemical lures.
Sinus Rhythm Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Catheter RF-Ablation Guided by “AF-Nests” Spectral Mapping (2005)

<sec><st>Background</st> Using endocardial spectral mapping in sinus rhythm we have found 2 kinds of atrial myocardium: the <it>fibrillar</it> with rightward-segmented spectrum - named <it>AF-Nest</it> - and the <it>compact</it> with leftward non-segmented spectrum. By inducing AF we have consistently observed very high-disorganized activation only in the <it>AF-Nest</it> [<it>reactive resonant tissue</it>] while the compact keeps well-organized rather regular activation [<it>passive tissue</it>]. These findings suggest that <it>AF-Nests resonance</it> plays a crucial role in AF physiopathology refeeding the arrhythmia. </sec> <sec><st>Objective</st> Describe the AF treatment by <it>AF-Nests</it> catheter RF-ablation. </sec> <sec><st>Patients</st> 81 p (68M, 51.6�10y) with very frequent refractory AF, paroxysmal 56(Px) and persistent 25(Ps) without significant cardiopathy (LA 42�6mm). </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Catheter RF-ablation [EPT 4mm] guided by spectral mapping in sinus rhythm outside pulmonary veins (PV). Endpoints: 1. <it>AF-nests</it> RF-ablation [60�/30J/30s] shifting its spectrum to the <it>compact</it> pattern; 2. Focal ablation of any residual atrial tachycardia/flutter (AT); 3. AF non-inducibility by atrial pacing and 4. Long-term control with serial EKG and Holter. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> A mean of 49�19 <it>AF-nests</it>/p were treated. At the FU of 11.2�7months 88,8% p have no AF. After <it>AF-nests</it> ablation: it was impossible to reinduce AF in 71% Px and in 33% Ps. Non-sustained AF (<10s) was induced in 29% Px and in 44% Ps. Sustained AF was only induced in 22% Ps; residual AT was also induced and treated in 26%. In 23.5% a healing coarse AF/AT was observed [1.5�1 day] readily responsive to brief medical treatment. 11% p were successfully reablated (residual <it>AF-Nests</it>/AT). 22% p is taking low AA dose. <it>AF-Nest</it> location: LA roof 100%, LS/RS PV insertion 89%, LIA septum 86.4%, RI/LI PV insertion 68%, septal posterior 70%, RA 63%. 2 pericardial effusions occurred 1 clinically and 1 surgically treated. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> By spectral mapping the <it>AF-Nests</it> were easily found and ablated; During the AF the <it>AF-Nests</it> play a <it>reactive resonant</it> role while the <it>compact</it> plays a <it>passive</it> one; After all <it>AF-nest</it> ablation it was impossible to reinduce AF; Regular residual AT must be sought to be treated in the same procedure; The <it>AF-nest</it> ablation outside PV is safe, feasible and very efficient to cure A </sec>
A New Concept for Leak Testing Environmental Enclosure Filtration Systems (2006)

Abstract A method (patent pending) has been developed to determine the quality of environmental cab filtration systems. This method utilizes specially configured filter cartridges to remove carbon dioxide from the ambient air with the environmental cab's air filtration system. A real-time gas monitor is placed inside an unoccupied cab with the filtration system running to time decay the carbon dioxide to its lowest concentration or equilibrium level. The outside carbon dioxide concentration level can be measured concurrently with another gas monitor or with the same inside cab gas monitor during a representative period before and after the inside sampling is conducted. Cab filtration system leakage is comparatively deduced from the difference between the special cartridge filter efficiency and overall cab efficiency. Laboratory trials have illustrated that desirable high efficiency test filter configurations (greater than 99 % efficiency) can be devised, but have air quantity and test time limitations. These trials also demonstrated that CO2 penetration was reflective of controlled air leaks around a high efficiency filter under equilibrium conditions. This report examines the elements of this patent pending method.
Secondary-side resonance for high-frequency power conversion (1986)

A systematic approach is proposed that enables the use of the leakage inductance of the power transformer and a secondaryside capacitor to form a resonant tank for very high frequency power conversion. Several new quasi-resonant converter topologies based on this technique are derived.
An interference suppressing OFDM system for ultra wide bandwidth radio channels (2003)

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique introduced here, termed interference suppressing OFDM (IS-OFDM), is a point-to-point physical link system for ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) radio channels which has the capability of suppressing narrow-band interference. System performance evaluation has been provided in the presence of narrow band interference, inter-symbol/inter-channel interference, or frequency selective fading. BER performance of the IS-OFDM is compared with an equivalent ordinary OFDM system. As shown, the IS-OFDM in a narrow band interference channel has a significant advantage over the ordinary OFDM which exhibits an error floor for every narrow band interference to signal ratio. Also, in an UWB indoor multipath channel the IS-OFDM has a significant advantage over the ordinary OFDM which, as shown, does not offer an acceptable performance for this type of channel.
Liquid-Crystal Reconfigurable, Lens-Enhanced, Millimeter-wave Phased Array (2018)

This article describes a novel concept of low-profile, lens-enhanced, reconfigurable millimeter-wave phased array. The proposed phased array comprised of multiple reconfigurable lens-enhanced radiators, which increases the effective aperture of each radiator and significantly reduces overall complexity and overall height of phased array. By using electrostatic controllable liquid-crystal-loaded metamaterial lens, transmission phase of each subarray of unit cells across the aperture can be electronically tuned independently. The array can be fed in groups to allow flexible hybrid beam forming for multiple beams, or can be fed with coherent phase across the aperture to form a highly directive steerable beam. Use of multiple feeds with smaller sub-arrays of unit cells also significantly reduces overall array profile since focal distance from the lens is reduced proportionally with smaller lenses. The proposed architecture allows forming of a versatile, low profile, beam scanning phased array with comparably high aperture efficiency for the future 5G deployment and satellite communications applications.
ANX7, a candidate tumor suppressor gene for prostate cancer (2001)

The ANX7 gene is located on human chromosome 10q21, a site long hypothesized to harbor a tumor suppressor gene(s) (TSG) associated with prostate and other cancers. To test whether ANX7 might be a candidate TSG, we examined the ANX7-dependent suppression of human tumor cell growth, stage-specific ANX7 expression in 301 prostate specimens on a prostate tissue microarray, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of microsatellite markers at or near the ANX7 locus. Here we report that human tumor cell proliferation and colony formation are markedly reduced when the wild-type ANX7 gene is transfected into two prostate tumor cell lines, LNCaP and DU145. Consistently, analysis of ANX7 protein expression in human prostate tumor microarrays reveals a significantly higher rate of loss of ANX7 expression in metastatic and local recurrences of hormone refractory prostate cancer as compared with primary tumors (P = 0.0001). Using four microsatellite markers at or near the ANX7 locus, and laser capture microdissected tumor cells, 35% of the 20 primary prostate tumors show LOH. The microsatellite marker closest to the ANX7 locus showed the highest rate of LOH, including one homozygous deletion. We conclude that the ANX7 gene exhibits many biological and genetic properties expected of a TSG and may play a role in prostate cancer progression.
Infrared Cubic Dielectric Resonator Metamaterial (2010)

Dielectric resonators are an effective means to realize isotropic, low-loss optical metamaterials. As proof of this concept, a cubic resonator is analytically designed and then tested in the long-wave infrared.
Automated prostate tissue referencing for cancer detection and diagnosis (2016)

Providing the closest matching cases and their clinical information with pathologists will help to conduct consistent and reliable diagnoses. Thus, we expect the system to facilitate quality maintenance and quality improvement of cancer pathology.
Recessed elliptical‐centric view‐ordering for contrast‐enhanced 3D MR angiography of the carotid arteries (2002)

Fast arterial-venous transit in the carotid arteries requires accurate, reliable timing of the acquisition to the bolus transit to maximize arterial signal and minimize venous artifacts. The rising edge of the bolus is not utilized in conventional elliptical-centric view-ordering because the critical k-space center must be acquired with full arterial enhancement. In this study, a recessed elliptical-centric view-ordering scheme is introduced in which the k-space center is acquired a few seconds following scan initiation. The recessed view-ordering is shown to be more robust to timing errors than the conventional scheme in a study of 37 patients.
An improved magnetic design for inductively coupled power transfer system pickups (2005)

This paper presents a new approach to the design of inductively coupled power transfer pickups using electromagnetic modeling techniques. As shown, significant improvements in the level of output power are able to be achieved for a given volume of ferrite by considering the field vectors in and around the ferrite and the power coil. The new design approach undertaken using 3-D simulations, is verified experimentally in the laboratory
Generating sharp panoramas from motion-blurred videos (2010)

In this paper, we show how to generate a sharp panorama from a set of motion-blurred video frames. Our technique is based on joint global motion estimation and multi-frame deblurring. It also automatically computes the duty cycle of the video, namely the percentage of time between frames that is actually exposure time. The duty cycle is necessary for allowing the blur kernels to be accurately extracted and then removed. We demonstrate our technique on a number of videos.
Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) for Heavy-Oil Recovery: Experimental Analysis of the Mechanism (2009)

Abstract Heavy oil trapped in fractured carbonate reservoirs possesses a great challenge. Previous experience has shown that heating the matrix to drain heavy-oil by gravity is a slow and inefficient process due to low matrix recovery caused by unfavorable matrix properties (oil wetness and low permeability). Acceleration of matrix-fracture interaction by changing matrix and oil properties could be possible, however, by injecting proper hydrocarbon solvent alternately with steam as reported by our earlier work (SPE 117626). This process called Solvent-Over-Steam injection in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) consists of several cycles, each having three phases: (1) steam/hot water injection, (2) solvent injection, and (3) steam/hot water injection. This paper reports a detailed experimental analysis of this new method. Static and dynamic tests were conducted by exposing (or injecting) heavy-oil saturated fractured rocks into steam/hot water and solvent alternately. Oil-wet sandstone and carbonate samples were saturated with heavy-crude. Different solvents were tested including heptane, kerosene, decane and light crude. In addition to the core experiments, the same procedure was repeated on "Hele-Shaw like" glass models to visually identify the mechanics of the process. Specific observations and conclusions as to how to apply this technique in field conditions, which mechanisms control the rate of recovery and residual matrix oil saturation, ideal solvent type, and optimal operational conditions (optimal soaking time for huff-and-puff and injection rate for continuous injection) were reported. It is hoped the proposed new technique will be an alternative for tapping heavy matrix oil from oil-wet, fractured, deep, carbonate fields.
Further characterization of a potent immunogen and the chromosomal gene encoding it in the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi (1991)

Further characterization of a previously reported 83-kDa antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi and the gene encoding it is reported. The DNA sequence of the gene and the amino acid sequence of the protein were determined. On the basis of the amino acid content, the actual size of the antigen was determined to be 79.8 kDa, rather than 83 kDa as previously reported. The expression of the antigen in several representative North American and European B. burgdorferi isolates was demonstrated. The conservation of the gene within the species was demonstrated by DNA hybridization of a labeled gene probe to several North American and European B. burgdorferi isolates. Of other Borrelia spp. assayed (B. hermsii, B. coriaceae, B. duttonii, and B. anserina), only B. anserina, a poultry pathogen, hybridized to the gene probe and expressed the 79.8-kDa antigen.
Measurement of optical scattering properties with low-coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy (2011)

Low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) is a depth selective technique that allows noninvasive characterization of turbid media such as biological tissue. LEBS provides a spectral measurement of the tissue reflectance distribution as a function of distance between incident and reflected ray pairs through the use of partial spatial coherence broadband illumination. We present LEBS as a new depth-selective technique to measure optical properties of tissue in situ. Because LEBS enables measurements of reflectance due to initial scattering events, LEBS is sensitive to the shape of the phase function in addition to the reduced scattering coefficient (μ(s) (*)). We introduce a simulation of LEBS that implements a two parameter phase function based on the Whittle-Matérn refractive index correlation function model. We show that the LEBS enhancement factor (E) primarily depends on μ(s) (*), the normalized spectral dependence of E (S(n)) depends on one of the two parameters of the phase function that also defines the functional type of the refractive index correlation function (m), and the LEBS peak width depends on both the anisotropy factor (g) and m. Three inverse models for calculating these optical properties are described and the calculations are validated with an experimental measurement from a tissue phantom.
A Rapid Zika Diagnostic Assay to Measure Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients (2017)

The potential association of microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy underlines the critical need for a rapid and accurate diagnosis. Due to the short duration of ZIKV viremia in infected patients, a serologic assay that detects antibody responses to viral infection plays an essential role in diagnosing patient specimens. The current serologic diagnosis of ZIKV infection relies heavily on the labor-intensive Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) that requires more than one-week turnaround time and represents a major bottleneck for patient diagnosis. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a high-throughput assay for ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) diagnosis that can attain the "gold standard" of the current PRNT assay. The new assay is homogeneous and utilizes luciferase viruses to quantify the neutralizing antibody titers in a 96-well format. Using 91 human specimens, we showed that the reporter diagnostic assay has a higher dynamic range and maintains the relative specificity of the traditional PRNT assay. Besides the improvement of assay throughput, the reporter virus technology has also shortened the turnaround time to less than two days. Collectively, our results suggest that, along with the viral RT-PCR assay, the reporter virus-based serologic assay could be potentially used as the first-line test for clinical diagnosis of ZIKV infection as well as for vaccine clinical trials.
A study on the development of transmission-type extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric optical fiber sensor (1999)

The conventional reflection-type extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) optical fiber sensor has good sensitivity and resolution compared with other types of optical fiber sensors. However, they have the disadvantage that the distinction of strain direction of EFPI is difficult because of measurement method by only fringe counting. This paper presents the newly developed transmission-type EFPI (TEFPI) optical fiber sensor, which has been improved by additional functions, and whose measuring system differs from that of the reflection-type EFPI optical fiber sensors using a single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode (MMF) fibers as light guides and reflectors, respectively. The output signal of the TEFPI optical fiber sensor was analyzed with the uniform plane wave-based model, the SMF power distribution-based model and the splice loss-based model; the analyzed signals were then verified experimentally. Based on the results of analysis, the TEFPI optical fiber sensor was fabricated using two single-mode fibers connected to the light source and optical receiver; this was then used in strain measurement. The strain measured by the TEFPI optical fiber sensor was compared with that measured by the electric strain gauge.