gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive, Scalable Packet Loss Recovery Method (2007)

We propose a packet loss recovery method that uses an incomplete secondary encoding as redundancy. The recovery is performed by minimum mean squared error estimation. The method adapts to the loss scenario and is rate scalable. It incorporates a statistical model for the quantizers to facilitate real-time adaptation. We apply the method to the encoding of line-spectral frequencies, which are commonly used in speech coding, illustrating the good performance of the method.
Generic sensing system based on short-coherence interferometry (1990)

New sensing techniques based on short coherence interferometry are demonstrated to form the generic basis for a range of absolute, passive sensors.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determining the Point of Zero Zeta Potential in Solid Samples (1983)

Technique for measuring pzzp in solid samples incorporates sample in photochemical cell and measures temperature dependence of flatband potential. Pzzp is obtained from slope of best straight line through measured points. Tests agree well with expected values. In technique sample does not have to be in powder form.
Analysis and Design of Novel Column Geometries for Micro-Gas Chromatography (2009)

Novel column geometries for micro-gas chromatography applications are studied using traditional computational fluid dynamics and the numerical Toolbox, a suite of codes designed to model the flow of low-velocity liquids and gases through microfluidic components. Transport is modeled in columns with circular cross-section undergoing a 90ϒ bend to determine what effect sequences of such bends have on analyte transport. We also explore flow in columns with a semi-circular cross section that include grooves cut into the flat column surface to promote transport across the channel. The modeling demonstrates that, even at low Reynolds number, sequences of left and right turns redistribute the fluid within the cross-section, and grooves added to a flat channel wall can generate a secondary flow that is strong enough to redistribute the fluid within the cross section in a relatively short length of channel.
Optical Coupling Mechnisms in Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (1997)

Light coupling systems, such as gratings are required becuase Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors do not respond to normal incident light due to the quantum mechanical selection rules associated with intersubband transitions. The resolution of the photolithography and acuracy of the etching beomce key issues in producing smaller rating feature sizes expecially in shorter wavelengths.
Tautomerism provides a molecular explanation for the mutagenic properties of the anti-HIV nucleoside 5-aza-5,6-dihydro-2′-deoxycytidine (2014)

Viral lethal mutagenesis is a strategy whereby the innate immune system or mutagenic pool nucleotides increase the error rate of viral replication above the error catastrophe limit. Lethal mutagenesis has been proposed as a mechanism for several antiviral compounds, including the drug candidate 5-aza-5,6-dihydro-2'-deoxycytidine (KP1212), which causes A-to-G and G-to-A mutations in the HIV genome, both in tissue culture and in HIV positive patients undergoing KP1212 monotherapy. This work explored the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the mutagenicity of KP1212, and specifically whether tautomerism, a previously proposed hypothesis, could explain the biological consequences of this nucleoside analog. Establishing tautomerism of nucleic acid bases under physiological conditions has been challenging because of the lack of sensitive methods. This study investigated tautomerism using an array of spectroscopic, theoretical, and chemical biology approaches. Variable temperature NMR and 2D infrared spectroscopic methods demonstrated that KP1212 existed as a broad ensemble of interconverting tautomers, among which enolic forms dominated. The mutagenic properties of KP1212 were determined empirically by in vitro and in vivo replication of a single-stranded vector containing a single KP1212. It was found that KP1212 paired with both A (10%) and G (90%), which is in accord with clinical observations. Moreover, this mutation frequency is sufficient for pushing a viral population over its error catastrophe limit, as observed before in cell culture studies. Finally, a model is proposed that correlates the mutagenicity of KP1212 with its tautomeric distribution in solution.
Iron Administration before Stem Cell Harvest Enables MR Imaging Tracking after Transplantation (2013)

Intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label MSCs in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants with MR imaging. This method eliminates risks of contamination and biologic alteration of MSCs associated with ex vivo-labeling procedures.
Inhibition of autoantibody binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa by anti-idiotypic antibodies in intravenous gammaglobulin (1989)

Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIgG) causes an acute rise in the platelet count in the majority of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) but the mechanism(s) of action is still unknown. We evaluated the ability of three different IVIgG preparations to inhibit the in vitro binding of autoantibody to platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa. ITP plasma, known to contain anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, was incubated overnight with either IVIgG or bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by measurement of the autoantibody titer. Binding of autoantibody from eight ITP patients was inhibited by IVIgG in proportion to the IVIgG concentration. Using 3.2% IVIgG, compatible with therapeutic concentrations expected in vivo, mean inhibition of autoantibody binding ranged from 20.2% to 41.3%. No inhibition by IVIgG of alloantibody binding to the same or different molecules was detected (five patients with anti-GPIIb/IIIa and two with anti-HLA alloantibodies). F(ab')2 fragments of IVIgG also inhibited the binding of both plasma autoantibodies and purified anti-GPIIb/IIIA autoantibodies prepared by elution from antigen affinity columns. A portion of the anti-idiotypic antibodies could be adsorbed from IVIgG using insolubilized, purified anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibody. These results show that IVIgG preparations from normal donors contain anti- idiotypic antibodies directed against idiotypes located on GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies but do not have anti-idiotypes to platelet alloantibodies against the same or different molecules. The importance of these anti-idiotypic antibodies in the therapeutic response to IVIgG remains to be established.
Synthetic surfactants with <scp>SP</scp>‐B and <scp>SP</scp>‐C analogues to enable worldwide treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and other lung diseases (2018)

Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) using animal-derived lung surfactant preparations has reduced the mortality of handling premature infants with RDS to a 50th of that in the 1960s. The supply of animal-derived lung surfactants is limited and only a part of the preterm babies is treated. Thus, there is a need to develop well-defined synthetic replicas based on key components of natural surfactant. A synthetic product that equals natural-derived surfactants would enable cost-efficient production and could also facilitate the development of the treatments of other lung diseases than neonatal RDS. Recently the first synthetic surfactant that contains analogues of the two hydrophobic surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and SP-C entered clinical trials for the treatment of neonatal RDS. The development of functional synthetic analogues of SP-B and SP-C, however, is considerably more challenging than anticipated 30 years ago when the first structural information of the native proteins became available. For SP-B, a complex three-dimensional dimeric structure stabilized by several disulphides has necessitated the design of miniaturized analogues. The main challenge for SP-C has been the pronounced amyloid aggregation propensity of its transmembrane region. The development of a functional non-aggregating SP-C analogue that can be produced synthetically was achieved by designing the amyloidogenic native sequence so that it spontaneously forms a stable transmembrane α-helix.
Identification of High-Affinity P2Y<sub>12</sub>Antagonists Based on a Phenylpyrazole Glutamic Acid Piperazine Backbone (2012)

A series of novel, highly potent P2Y₁₂ antagonists as inhibitors of platelet aggregation based on a phenylpyrazole glutamic acid piperazine backbone is described. Exploration of the structural requirements of the substituents by probing the structure-activity relationship along this backbone led to the discovery of the N-acetyl-(S)-proline cyclobutyl amide moiety as a highly privileged motif. Combining the most favorable substituents led to remarkably potent P2Y₁₂ antagonists displaying not only low nanomolar binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ receptor but also a low nanomolar inhibition of platelet aggregation in the human platelet rich plasma assay with IC₅₀ values below 50 nM. Using a homology and a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model, a binding hypothesis elucidating the impact of several structural features was developed.
Iterative Abstraction using SAT-based BMC with Proof Analysis (2003)

Resolution-based proof analysis techniques have been proposed recently to identify a sufficient set of reasons for unsatisfiability derived by a CNF-based SAT solver. We have adapted these techniques to work with a hybrid SAT solver. We use the proof analysis technique with SAT-based BMC, in order to, generate useful abstract models. Our abstraction procedure is used iteratively in a top-down framework, starting from the concrete design, where we apply BMC on increasingly more abstract models. We apply various SAT-based and BDD-based verification methods on these abstract models, in order to obtain proofs of correctness, or to perform deeper searches for counterexamples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our prototype implementation on several large industry designs.
Analysis of a Yield Management Model for on Demand Computing Centers (2006)

The concept of yield management for IT infrastructures, and in particular for on demand IT utilities was recently introduced in [17]. The present paper provides a detailed analysis of that model, both in simplified cases where an analytical analysis is possible, and numerically on larger problem instances, and confirms the significant revenue benefit that can accrue through use of yield management in an IT on demand operating environment.
Method of using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy standard. [SO/sub 2/ in gases by fluorescence] (1983)

(CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiNSO is produced by the reaction of ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SI)/sub 2/NH with SO/sub 2/. Also produced in the reaction are ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Si)/sub 2/O and a new solid compound (NH/sub 4/)((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiOSO/sub 2/). Both (CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiNSO and (NH/sub 4/)((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiOSO/sub 2/) have fluorescent properties. The reaction of the subject invention is used in a method of measuring the concentration of SO/sub 2/ pollutants in gases. By the method, a sample of gas is bubbled through a solution of ((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/Si)/sub 2/NH, whereby any SO/sub 2/ present in the gas will react to produce the two fluorescent products. The measured fluorescence of these products can then be used to calculate the concentration of SO/sub 2/ in the original gas sample. The solid product (NH/sub 4/)((CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/SiOSO/sub 2/) may be used as a standard in solid state NMR spectroscopy, wherein the resonance peaks of either /sup 1/H, /sup 13/C, /sup 15/N, or /sup 29/Si may be used as a reference.
RNA‐Mediated Gene Assembly from DNA Arrays (2012)

Gen-Genie: Der RNA-vermittelte Genaufbau gelingt ausgehend von Oligonucleotidsequenzen in einem DNA-Muster innerhalb eines Tages. An jedes oberflächengebundene Oligonucleotid wird ein T7-Promotor angehängt, und mithilfe von T7-RNA-Polymerase werden jeweils viele RNA-Kopien erzeugt (siehe Bild). Die RNA-Moleküle lagern sich über Hybridisierung und Ligation zum Volllängen-Transkript zusammen, das dann in einer Reverse-Transkriptase-Polymerasekettenreaktion in Doppelstrang-DNA übertragen wird.
Fundamental-mode dispersion-compensating fibers: design considerations and experiments (1994)

There has been a recent surge in the development of dispersion-compensating fibers (DCFs) for upgrading 1.31-μm systems to high-bit-rate systems operating at 1.55 μm; these DCFs have relied on refractive-index-profile designs1–3 or on the use of higher-order modes close to cutoff4 for compressing broadened pulses back to their original pulse widths. In this paper we present experimental results of three fiber designs that use the fundamental mode, and we discuss the parameters that affect their performance. Dispersion and loss values for the fibers are given, and their use in both digital and analog systems is described.
Fault Detection in Multivariate Signals With Applications to Gas Turbines (2008)

This paper proposes a fault detection method for multivariate signals. The method assesses whether or not the multivariate autocovariance functions of two independently sampled system signals coincide. If the first signal is known to be sampled from a well-functioning system, then rejection of signal equality is tantamount to concluding that the second signal is sampled from a faulty system. The proposed method is based on the asymptotic properties of the periodogram of multivariate stationary time series and is nonparametric in nature; in particular, there is no need to model the signals under study, an often arduous task. Several natural and synthetic faults were introduced in a Solar Turbines Mercury 50 4.5 MW gas turbine and the resulting compressor delivery pressure and generated electrical power were analyzed. The proposed method capably detected all faults.
Azimuthal dispersion and energy mode condensation of grating-coupled surface plasmon polaritons (2008)

The excitation conditions for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a silver-gold bilayer coated sinusoidal grating can be varied over a wide range by tuning the azimuthal grating orientation $(\ensuremath{\alpha})$. Grating coupling induces rotation of the SPP wave vector which, for specific conditions, can be directed perpendicular to the exciting light direction. Certain $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ orientations allow the excitation of two SPPs with the same frequency but different propagation directions. Other azimuthal orientations allow excitation of many SPP modes characterized by propagation over a large angular range. The kinematics of SPP propagation can be described by a model based on the wave-vector conservation law. Using this model, SPP dispersion relation, propagation direction, and mode density have been computed and shown to be in agreement with experimental measurements. The wave-vector dispersion is characterized by an energy threshold for the SPP excitation that increases as $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ increases. The angular spread is accompanied by an energy condensation of the SPP modes in correspondence to the energy threshold.
Heavy Membrane-Associated Caspase 3:  Identification, Isolation, and Characterization (2000)

Heavy membrane preparations from 697 lymphoblastoid cells contain a tightly bound caspase zymogen. This heavy membrane-bound procaspase can be efficiently liberated from membrane preparations using detergents. Alternatively, the procaspase can be rapidly processed and activated from membrane preparations by caspase-1 without detergents. The activated caspase-3 was purified using affinity chromatography and characterized by amino acid sequencing and inhibitor specificity analysis. The sequence indicates that this heavy membrane bound caspase is caspase-3. The kinetic properties and inhibitor binding specificity also show that this purified caspase is enzymologically indistinguishable from cytoplasmic or recombinant caspase-3. However, the N-termini of activated heavy membrane-bound and cytoplasmic caspase-3 are slightly different; peptide sequencing data indicate that the heavy membrane caspase-3 begins at Lys 14, whereas the cytoplasmic enzyme begins at Ser 10. Implications of this structural difference are discussed.
Simultaneous light scattering and intrinsic fluorescence measurement for the classification of airborne particles (2000)

We describe a prototype laboratory light-scattering instrument that integrates two approaches to airborne particle characterization: spatial light-scattering analysis and intrinsic fluorescence measurement, with the aim of providing an effective means of classifying biological particles within an ambient aerosol. The system uses a single continuous-wave 266-nm ultraviolet laser to generate both the spatial elastic scatter data (from which an assessment of particle size and shape is made) and the particle intrinsic fluorescence data from particles in the approximate size range of 1–10-µm diameter carried in a sample airflow through the laser beam. Preliminary results suggest that this multiparameter measurement approach can provide an effective means of classifying different particle types and can reduce occurrences of false-positive detection of biological aerosols.
ADC Bit Allocation under a Power Constraint for MmWave Massive MIMO Communication Receivers (2016)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) systems operating over a wide bandwidth and using a large number of antennas impose a heavy burden on power consumption. In a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) uplink, analog-to-digital con- verters (ADCs) would be the primary consumer of power in the base station receiver. This paper proposes a bit allocation (BA) method for mmWave multi-user (MU) massive MIMO systems under a power constraint. We apply ADCs to the outputs of an analog phased array for beamspace projection to exploit mmWave channel sparsity. We relax a mean square quantization error (MSQE) minimization problem and map the closed-form solution to non-negative integer bits at each ADC. In link-level simulations, the proposed method gives better communication performance than conventional low-resolution ADCs for the same or less power. Our contribution is a near optimal low-complexity BA method that minimizes total MSQE under a power constraint.
Controlled induction of distributed microdeformation in wounded tissue via a microchamber array dressing (2010)

Mechanical stimuli are known to play an important role in determining the structure and function of living cells and tissues. Recent studies have highlighted the role of mechanical signals in mammalian dermal wound healing. However, the biological link between mechanical stimulation of wounded tissue and the subsequent cellular response has not been fully determined. The capacity for researchers to study this link is partially limited by the lack of instrumentation capable of applying controlled mechanical stimuli to wounded tissue. The studies outlined here tested the hypothesis that it was possible to control the magnitude of induced wound tissue deformation using a microfabricated dressing composed of an array of open-faced, hexagonally shaped microchambers rendered in a patch of silicone rubber. By connecting the dressing to a single vacuum source, the underlying wounded tissue was drawn up into each of the microchambers, thereby inducing tissue deformation. For these studies, the dressings were applied to full-thickness murine dermal wounds with 200 mmHg vacuum for 12 h. These studies demonstrated that the dressing was capable of inducing wound tissue deformation with values ranging from 11 to 29%. Through statistical analysis, the magnitude of the induced deformation was shown to be a function of both microchamber height and width. These results demonstrated that the dressing was capable of controlling the amount of deformation imparted in the underlying tissue. By allowing the application of mechanical stimulation with varying intensities, such a dressing will enable the performance of sophisticated mechanobiology studies in dermal wound healing.
High Dimensional Trellis Coded Modulation (2002)

This work develops a high dimensional circular trellis-coded modulation with permuted state structure (HDCTCM) for power-limited spread spectrum channels. High dimensional simplex signal constellation is systematically developed to achieve the optimal energy efficiency and maximize the minimum distance among error events for any size trellis. By systematically analyzing the error events, sets of state transitions that should be assigned simplex are identified. Butterfly structure of circular trellis coding is successfully related to those state transitions and perfectly aligned into a multidimensional matrix. An algebraic representation of a simplex in a high dimensional space is introduced, and a corresponding signal constellation and symbol assignment procedure are built. A circular trellis code has an unknown starting state; conventional algorithms for calculating the minimum distance of a trellis code always assume a known starting state. This work develops a computational algorithm to calculate minimum distance of circular trellis codes. The coding gain of HDCTCM is evaluated after the minimum distance is obtained. Tight upper and lower bonds on the minimum distance of HDCTCM codes are derived. Furthermore, a method to build codes that have the bounds of the minimum distance is developed. Whereas, in most coding schemes, the optimal distance codes can only be obtained through exhaustive search.
Novel PET Probes Specific for Deoxycytidine Kinase (2010)

Promising in vitro and in vivo data warrant biodistribution and dosimetry studies of L-(18)F-FAC and L-(18)F-FMAC in humans.
Sensitive ELISA detection of amyloid‐β protofibrils in biological samples (2007)

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protofibrils are known intermediates of the in vitro Abeta aggregation process and the protofibrillogenic Arctic mutation (APPE693G) provides clinical support for a pathogenic role of Abeta protofibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To verify their in vivo relevance and to establish a quantitative Abeta protofibril immunoassay, Abeta conformation dependent monoclonal antibodies were generated. One of these antibodies, mAb158 (IgG2a), was used in a sandwich ELISA to specifically detect picomolar concentrations of Abeta protofibrils without interference from Abeta monomers or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The specificity and biological significance of this ELISA was demonstrated using cell cultures and transgenic mouse models expressing human APP containing the Swedish mutation (APPKN670/671ML), or the Swedish and Arctic mutation in combination. The mAb158 sandwich ELISA analysis revealed presence of Abeta protofibrils in both cell and animal models, proving that Abeta protofibrils are formed not only in vitro, but also in vivo. Furthermore, elevated Abeta protofibril levels in the Arctic-Swedish samples emphasize the usefulness of the Arctic mutation as a model of enhanced protofibril formation. This assay provides a novel tool for investigating the role of Abeta protofibrils in AD and has the potential of becoming an important diagnostic assay.
Scalable nanotemplate assisted directed assembly of single walled carbon nanotubes for nanoscale devices (2007)

The authors demonstrate precise alignment and controlled assembly of single wall nanotube (SWNT) bundles at a fast rate over large areas by combining electrophoresis and dip coating processes. SWNTs in solution are assembled on prepatterned features that are 80nm wide and separated by 200nm. The results show that the direction of substrate withdrawal significantly affects the orientation and alignment of the assembled SWNT bundles. I-V characterization is carried out to demonstrate electrical continuity of these assembled SWNT bundles.