gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Germanium Nanocrystals and its Possible Application in Memory Devices (2002)

A novel method of synthesizing and controlling the size of germanium nanocrystals was developed. A tri-layer structure comprising of a thin (~5nm) SiO₂ layer grown using rapid thermal oxidation (RTO), followed by a layer of Ge+SiO₂ of varying thickness (6 - 20 nm) deposited using the radio frequency (r.f.) co-sputtering technique and a SiO₂ cap layer (50nm) deposited using r.f. sputtering, was investigated. It was verified using TEM that germanium nanocrystals of sizes ranging from 6 – 20 nm were successfully fabricated after thermal annealing of the tri-layer structure under suitable conditions. The nanocrystals were found to be well confined by the RTO SiO₂ and the cap SiO₂ under specific annealing conditions. The electrical properties of the tri-layer structure have been characterized using MOS capacitor test devices. A significant hysteresis can be observed from the C-V measurements and this suggests the charge storage capability of the nanocrystals. The proposed technique has the potential for fabricating memory devices with controllable nanocrystals sizes.
SU‐FF‐I‐102: Signal Dependence On Frequency in Magnetic Particle Imaging (2007)

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency dependence of signal detection in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) using heterodyne mixing of the odd harmonics down to DC for detection. Method and Materials: Magnetic particle imaging detects the odd numbered harmonics generated when a sinusoidal driving field saturates the nanoparticles. A solenoidal coil was used to generate the driving field of approximately 10 mT in a 3.2 cm inner diameter tube. Smaller diameter loops were connected to a phase‐lock amplifier to detect the harmonics. The difference in the third harmonic with and without a 1 ml sample of 300 microgram/ml, 40 nanometer, nanoparticles was measured over a one minute acquisition. The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was calculated for frequencies between 500 Hz and 20 kHz. Results: The CNR increased linearly with frequency; the linear correlation coefficient was 0.993 (p‐value 10 −7 ). Further, the CNR per cycle was essentially constant (p‐value 10 −6 ) over the entire range of frequencies. The sensitivity allowed detection of nanoparticles down to 20 microgram/ml concentrations. The original work found that the best SNR was obtained using a swept low frequency excitation. However, filters were used to isolate the driving field from the harmonics. In contrast, the phase‐lock amplifier heterodyne mixes the harmonic frequencies to DC before filtering so the filtering is much more effective. The difference in detection is probably responsible for the different results. The harmonic signal is generated from the edges in the magnetization occurring when the nanoparticles saturate so the harmonics should increase linearly with the number of edges which would result in a linear increase with frequency. Conclusions: The CNR increases linearly with frequency. The constant CNR per cycle over all frequencies implies that distortion of the hysteresis curve that can reduce the harmonics for higher driving frequencies is not significant below 20 kHz for these nanoparticles.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR THE COTTONWOOD CROWN BORER, <i>AEGERIA TIBIALIS</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) (1978)

Abstract Male moths of Aegeria tibialis Harris, a lepidopterous pest of poplar cutting beds in nurseries, were strongly attracted to virgin females and to mixtures of Z 3, Z 13-octadecadien-1-ol and its acetate. Extracts of female abdominal tips yielded two fractions stimulatory to male antennae. These fractions corresponded to a C 18 alcohol and a C 18 acetate. Electroantennogram measurements using synthetic chemicals demonstrated that appreciable male antennal stimulation occurred only with C 18 compounds having Z -unsaturation at positions 3 or 13, indicating that the synthetic sex attractant may be the natural pheromone of this species.
A CMOS Compatible, Forming Free TaO<sub>x</sub> ReRAM (2013)

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has become a promising candidate for next-generation high-performance non-volatile memory that operates by electrically tuning resistance states via modulating vacancy concentrations. We demonstrate a wafer-scale process for resistive switching in tantalum oxide that is completely CMOS compatible. The resulting devices are forming-free and with greater than 1x10 5 cycle endurance.
A New and Rapid Immunoassay for the Detection of 11-Dehydro-Thromboxane B2. (2005)

Abstract Aspirin inactivates cyclooxygenase, inhibiting synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and other molecules relevant in the development of atherothrombotic vascular events. There is recent evidence suggesting that many individuals are resistant to aspirin’s effects, resulting in increased TxA2 levels. Current methods for detecting aspirin resistance include a number of blood-based assays that measure in vitro platelet aggregation. However, these methods are not quantitative and can be affected by factors that are unrelated to aspirin sensitivity. There is a quantitative commercial immunoassay available for 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dh-TxB2), a stable metabolite of TxA2. However, this assay uses a polyclonal antibody to 11-dh-TxB2 and requires an overnight incubation. In order to more quickly and accurately detect aspirin resistance in at-risk patients, we are developing a rapid, quantitative competitive immunoassay for 11-dh-TxB2 using a monoclonal antibody. This new assay can be completed in three hours and utilizes urine as the sample matrix. We compared the monoclonal-based assay with the polyclonal assay using twelve urine controls run multiple times over a period of three months. The controls were derived from aspirin users as well as non-users. The %CV range in the monoclonal assay was 0.3 −12.9% with an average of 4.0%. The %CV range in the polyclonal assay was 0–35.8% with an average of 10.1%. In comparing standard curves, the R2 value of the monoclonal assay averaged 0.9967 compared to 0.9894 for the polyclonal assay. Additionally, although the polyclonal assay was slightly more sensitive (limit of detection was 11.9pg/ml vs. 64.5pg/ml in the monoclonal assay), the monoclonal’s sensitivity is sufficient to detect the lower levels of 11-dh-TxB2 in patients that respond well to aspirin. To validate this, an additional urine panel was established consisting of 10 samples from both aspirin users and non-users, and 11-dh-TxB2 values from the two assays were compared. The correlation (r) between the methods was 0.944, confirming the clinical relevance of the monoclonal assay. Thus, this sensitive, urine-based monoclonal ELISA for 11-dh-TxB2 detection eliminates the potential for analytical variables that can occur in the blood-based assays while offering the sensitivity and quantitation of the ELISA.
The Effects of Increasing AlN Mole Fraction on the Performance of AlGaN based Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode Active Regions (2009)

Time-resolved photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy results suggest that the density of point defects may have a more significant role than threading dislocations in the performance of UVLED AlGaN active regions emitting at shorter wavelengths.
Novel and robust silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) based devices for on-chip ESD protection (2004)

Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs) are frequently used to build on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) structures, but SCRs are not sufficiently robust to meet a wide range of ESD requirements in various integrated circuits. In this paper, a novel and robust SCR-based device called the HHLVTSCR is presented. It is demonstrated that the HHLVTSCR can exhibit various characteristics useful for ESD solutions by the adjustment of the channel types (N or P type), terminal connections, or lateral dimensions in the HHLVTSCR. Examples are also included to illustrate how HHVLTSCRs can be used to provide ESD protection in two different IC applications.
Deep sequencing of short RNAs reveals novel microRNAs in minor salivary glands of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (2011)

Sequencing small RNAs in the salivary gland is largely unprecedented, but here, we show the feasibility of discovering novel miRNAs and disease biomarkers by sequencing the transcriptome.
Schmallenberg Virus (2013)

In late 2011 a novel virus of the Simbu serogroup, family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, was discovered at the German-Dutch border and named "Schmallenberg virus" (SBV). Since then, the virus has spread rapidly to other European countries, and the involvement of biting midges has been demonstrated. Affected adult ruminants show none or only mild clinical signs including fever, reduced milk production or diarrhoea. However, in keeping with related viruses, an infection of SBV-naive cows and ewes during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe foetal malformations summarized as "arthrogryposis- hydranencephaly syndrome." Diagnostic assays like real-time RT-PCR and antibody ELISA are now available; and substantial knowledge of this virus has been gathered quickly. However, further research and exchange of information are essential.
Layered switch architectures for high-capacity optical transport networks (1998)

We propose and analyze layered switch architectures that possess high design flexibility, greatly reduced switch size, and high expandability. The improvement in loss and crosstalk due to the reduced switch size is also discussed. Theoretical models have been developed to compute the network blocking probability using these architectures. Low blocking probability and high network utilization are achieved because of the capability of communication between layers in adjacent switches. The results show that the proposed layered switch architectures are very attractive for high-capacity optical transport networks.
Starch-based blown films. 2 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch-based blown films. 2Felix H. Otey, Richard P. Westhoff, and William M. DoaneCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 8, 1659–1663Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00068a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00068a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
pH-Responsive Micelle Sequestrant Polymers Inhibit Fat Absorption (2015)

Current antiobesity therapeutics are associated with side effects and/or poor long-term patient compliance, necessitating development of more efficacious and safer alternatives. Herein, we designed and engineered a new class of orally acting pharmaceutical agents, or micelle sequestrant polymers (MSPs), that could respond to the pH change in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and potentially sequester lipid micelles; inhibiting lipid absorption through a pH-triggered flocculation process. These MSPs, derived from poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and poly(2-(dibutylamino)ethyl methacrylate), were soluble in acidic media, but they transitioned to become insoluble around pH 7.2 and 6.1, respectively. MSPs showed substantial bile acid and triglyceride sequestration capacity with fast pH response tested in vitro. In vivo study showed that orally dosed MSPs significantly enhanced fecal elimination of triglycerides and bile acids. Several MSPs increased fecal elimination of triglycerides by 9-10 times compared with that of the control. In contrast, fecal concentration of bile acids, but not triglycerides, was increased by cholestyramine or Welchol. Importantly, fecal elimination of bile acids and triglycerides was unaltered by addition of control dietary fibers. MSPs may serve as a novel approach to weight loss that inhibits excess caloric intake by preventing absorption of excess dietary triglycerides.
Robotic Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy (2019)

We present a robot-assisted approach for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy. The robot is a hands-free probe manipulator that moves the probe with the same 4 DoF that are used manually. Software was developed for three-dimensional (3-D) imaging, biopsy planning, robot control, and navigation. Methods to minimize the deformation of the prostate caused by the probe at 3-D imaging and needle targeting were developed to reduce biopsy targeting errors. We also present a prostate coordinate system (PCS). The PCS helps defining a systematic biopsy plan without the need for prostate segmentation. Comprehensive tests were performed, including two bench tests, one imaging test, two in vitro targeting tests, and an IRB-approved clinical trial on five patients. Preclinical tests showed that image-based needle targeting can be accomplished with accuracy on the order of 1 mm. Prostate biopsy can be accomplished with minimal TRUS pressure on the gland and submillimetric prostate deformations. All five clinical cases were successful with an average procedure time of 13 min and millimeter targeting accuracy. Hands-free TRUS operation, transrectal TRUS guided prostate biopsy with minimal prostate deformations, and the PCS-based biopsy plan are novel methods. Robot-assisted prostate biopsy is safe and feasible. Accurate needle targeting has the potential to increase the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Differential radioactivity monitor for noninvasive detection of ocular melanoma (1984)

A novel instrument for the noninvasive diagnosis of ocular melanoma was evaluated with 67Ga in patients with pathologically confirmed tumours. The decision to enucleate was based on the results of standard ophthalmic diagnostic modalities including the 32P uptake test. The differences in the ocular radioactivity at 48-72 h predicted the presence of ocular abnormality. A positive differential result was found for tumours having a volume of greater than 600 mm3. Smaller tumours indicated lower retention of 67Ga in the eye with the tumour, whereas control subjects showed less than 2% differences in the radioactivity present in either eye.
A dual collimator design for beat-to-beat measurement of cardiac performance with an Anger camera. (1982)

A dual collimator was designed for an Anger camera to permit measurement of cardiac performance on a beat-to-beat basis. Special all-purpose (SAP) and special high-sensitivity (SHS) collimator sections can be interchanged without movement of the patient. Thus, left-ventricular regions of interest delineated on SAP multigated images can be transferred to SHS dynamic images to generate beat-to-beat volume curves. Preliminary balloon studies demonstrated an excellent correlation between ejection fractions calculated with the two collimators: r greater than 0.99, n = 17, p less than 0.001. Varying the volume of an adjacent "right ventricle" balloon failed to alter significantly the count rate from the "left ventricle" balloon's region of interest. Preliminary results on 12 patients, comparing standard-camera ejection fractions with average beat-to-beat ejection fractions, showed that is is possible to measure cardiac function on a beat-to-beat basis with a single-crystal gamma camera. There was minimal difference between the ejection fractions calculated by the dual-collimator method and a standard gated technique (r = 0.98, n = 12, p less than 0.001).
Controlled-growth mercury drop electrode (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlled-growth mercury drop electrodeZygmunt. Kowalski, Kwong Hon. Wong, R. A. Osteryoung, and Janet. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 17, 2216–2218Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00144a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00144a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Persistent <i>in vitro</i> infection by human T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma virus (HTLV) of normal human T‐lymphocytes from blood relatives of patients with HTLV‐associated mature T‐cell neoplasms (1983)

Abstract Human T‐cell lymphoma‐leukemia virus (HTLV), a novel type‐C retrovirus, has been identified in tumor cells of patients with mature T‐cell neoplasms. Attempts to transmit the first isolate of HTLV designated HTLV‐I (CR) to secondary cultures of animal cells and several attempts to transmit HTLV to normal human T cells, activated with PHA and grown with T‐cell growth factor (TCGF), obtained from randomly selected normal adult donors were unsuccessful. Peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from blood relatives of patients with HTLV‐positive T‐cell neoplasms. These normal adult T cells were exposed to HTLV, and in 5 of 10 samples tested from three separate families, persistent infection of cultured T‐lymphocytes by HTLV occurred. HTLV infection was monitored by three methods: an indirect membrane immunofluorescence assay for HTLV p19; an in situ hybridization assay for intracellular viral RNA; and electron microscopic analysis for extracellular viral particles. Two of the five infected T‐cell lines have been continuously positive for HTLV for over 24 months in continuous culture. B‐cell lines from the same individuals could not be infected by HTLV‐I (CR) . Despite the release of viral particles from the infected cultures detected by electron microscopy, no extracellular reverse transcriptase was found. HTLV infection stimulated increased long‐term growth of the T cells although all HTLV‐I (CR) ‐infected cultured cells always remained dependent on the addition of TCGF for growth. Phenotypic characterization of the infected cells by monoclonal antibodies, HLA typing, cytochemical and cell surface markers showed that all the infected cells were mature T cells and were easily distinguished from the cells used as a source of HTLV for infection. The infected cells were either of a predominantly helper or of a suppressor phenotype showing that both mature T‐cell subsets can be infected. Whether these data indicate that there is a genetic basis for susceptibility of human T cells to HTLV infection or reflect an increased sensitivity of some cells to infection by low titers of HTLV remains to be determined. These results provide further evidence for a predominant T‐cell tropism of HTLV.
A MEMS Nonlinear Dynamic Approach for Neural Computing (2018)

This paper presents a novel concept for a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) neural computing unit based on the neuron rate model theory that is the basis of the dynamic field theory; a qualitative neuron approach to model cognition and human behavior, and the continuous time recurrent neural networks (CTRNNs); a class of artificial neural network. The concept utilizes the nonlinear dynamics of MEMS resonators, specifically, bi-stability and hysteresis, to simulate the detection and memory of a single rate model neuron. We introduce bi-stability into a straight microbeam by actuating the microbeam with an AC voltage at a frequency near its electric circuit resonance, which also significantly amplifies the applied voltage and introduces electromechanical coupling. Moreover, the memory and detection processes have been demonstrated using a MEMS arch beam by utilizing snap-through instability. Finally, we demonstrate electrical coupling between multiple artificial MEMS neurons to produce the selection process. Single degree of freedom models and initial preliminary experimental data are presented to qualitatively compare the dynamics of bi-stable MEMS to that of a rate model neuron.
Abstract 341: Transplantation of Cardiac Tissue Sheets Including Defined Cardiovascular Cell Populations Differentiated from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction After Subacute Myocardial Infarction (2012)

BACKGROUNDS: To realize cardiac regeneration with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), efficient differentiation from hiPSCs to defined cardiac cell populations (cardiomyocytes [CMs]/ endothelial cells [ECs]/ vascular mural cells [MCs]), and transplantation technique for fair engraftment are required. Recently, we reported that mouse ES cell-derived cardiac tissue sheet transplantation to rat myocardial infarction (MI) model ameliorated cardiac function after MI (Stem Cells, in press). Here we tried to extend this technique to hiPSCs. METHODS & RESULTS: We have reported an efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol based on a monolayer culture (PLoS One, 2011), in which cardiac troponin-T (cTnT)-positive CMs robustly appeared with 50-80% efficiency. In this study, we further modified the protocol to induce vascular cells (ECs/MCs) together with CMs by vascular endothelial cell growth factor supplementation, resulted in proportional differentiation of cTnT+-CMs (62.7±11.7% of total cells), VE-cadherin+-ECs (7.8±4.9%) and PDGFRb+-MCs (18.2±11.0%) at differentiation day 15 (n=12). Then, these cells were transferred onto temperature-responsive culture dishes (UpCell dishes; CellSeed, Tokyo, Japan) to form cardiac tissue sheets including defined cardiac populations. After 4 days of culture, we successfully collected self-pulsating cardiac tissue sheets with 7.0×10 5 ±2.3 (n=12) of cells consisted of CMs (46.9±15.9% of total cells), ECs (4.1±3.7%), and MCs (22.5±15.7%). Three-layered hiPSC-derived cardiac sheets were transplanted to a MI model of athymic rat heart one week after MI. In transplantation group, echocardiogram showed a significant improvement of systolic function of left ventricle (fractional shortening: 22.6±5.0 vs 36.5±8.0%, p<0.001, n=20) and a decrease in akinetic length (20.8±9.7 vs 2.5±7.7%, p<0.001, n=20) (pre-treatment vs 4weeks after transplantation). We also succeeded in generation of larger sheets (1.6 inch diameter) with the same method. CONCLUTIONS: Transplantation of hiPSC-derived cardiac tissue sheets significantly ameliorates cardiac dysfunction after MI. Thus, we developed a valuable technological basis for hiPSC-based cardiac cell therapy.