gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the magnetohydrodynamic flow instability and its effect on energy conversion in the annular linear induction pump (2021)

A numerical model of annular linear induction pump with a full-scale pump channel is created to study the scale-dependent instability of the magnetohydrodynamic flow. The magnetic-fluid coupling effect is implemented by modifying the underlying governing equations and constraints. The model authenticity is validated by comparing the simulated pressure difference, as well as the pressure pulsation, with the previous experimental data. The flow patterns at different flow rates corresponding to different magnetic Reynolds numbers are depicted from both the azimuthal and meridian viewpoints, and the periodicity of the occurring vortex flows is found in the pump. By analyzing the different mechanisms contributing to the fluid kinetic energy, it is found the competition between the axial components of the Lorentz force and pressure gradient dominates the flow evolution in the pump channel. The magnetic-fluid coupling effect is found to amplify the disturbances in either the magnetic field or the fluid field. It is even effective within the uniform externally imposed magnetic field and inlet velocity only if a disturbance exists in the initial flow. Increase in the cycle number of disturbance can enhance the flow stability and induce smaller vortex flows. Finally, different mechanisms of energy conversion in the pump are analyzed and it is found that the sudden occurrence of vortex flows can induce large current density, which significantly increases the Ohmic dissipation and decreases the efficiency of energy conversion from magnetic field into the fluid. The relatively large Ohmic dissipation in the fluid is the main reason for the low efficiency of such a device.
Identification of Profilin as a Novel Pollen Allergen; IgE Autoreactivity in Sensitized Individuals (1991)

A complementary DNA encoding a pollen allergen from white birch (Betula verrucosa) that was isolated from a pollen complementary DNA library with serum immunoglobulin E from a birch pollen-allergic individual revealed significant sequence homology to profilins. The recombinant protein showed high affinity to poly-L-proline. Immunoglobulin E antibodies from allergic individuals bound to natural and recombinant birch profilin and also to human profilin. In addition, birch and human profilin induced histamine release from blood basophils of profilin-allergic individuals, but not of individuals sensitized to other plant allergens. The structural similarity of conserved proteins might therefore be responsible for maintaining immunoglobulin E antibody titers in type I allergy.
TH‐EF‐BRA‐10: High Spatiotemporal Resolution Self‐Sorted 4D MRI (2016)

Purpose: To describe a novel method for self‐sorted 4D‐MRI and to characterize the output image quality as measured by signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), spatiotemporal resolution, and level of artifact. Methods: A three‐dimensional radial sampling function with a quasi‐random distribution of polar/azimuthal k‐space angles was implemented in a standard pulse sequence. Acquisition time was approximately 2 minutes. The DC component of the k‐space signal was used to estimate and sort the breathing cycle into ten respiratory phases. For a given respiratory phase, the k‐space data were combined with the periphery of the k‐space data from all phases and reconstructed with the re‐gridding algorithm onto a 1283 matrix. The extent of data sharing was controlled by the average breathing curve. The sampling and reconstruction technique were tested and validated in simulation, dynamic phantom, animal, and human studies with varying breathing periods/amplitudes. Results: The signal at the k‐space center accurately measures respiratory motion over a large range of breathing periods (0.5–7.0 seconds) and amplitudes (5–30% of FOV). Sharing of high frequency k‐space data driven by the average breathing curve improves spatial resolution and artifact level at a cost of an increase in noise floor. Although equal sharing of k‐space data improves resolution and SNR, phases with large temporal changes accumulate considerable distortion artifacts. In the absence of view‐sharing, no distortion artifacts are observed while spatial resolution is degraded. Conclusion: The use of a quasi‐random sampling function and view‐sharing driven by the average breathing curve provide a feasible method for self‐sorted 4D MRI at reduced acquisition times. This approach allows for the extent of data sharing to be inversely‐proportional to the average breathing motion hence improving resolution and decreasing artifact levels. NIH‐1R21CA165384
Structure, Composition, and Electrochemistry of Chromium-Substituted ε-LiVOPO<sub>4</sub> (2021)

Lithium vanadyl phosphate (LiVOPO4) is an attractive cathode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, having the ability to reversibly intercalate two Li ions per transition-metal redox center to reach a theoretical capacity of 305 mA h g–1. This material has a high energy density with two voltage plateaus of 2 and 4 V. However, reduced capacity retention at faster rates and sluggish kinetics in the high-voltage region leave much room for improvement. Cr substitution was implemented to mitigate these limitations and enhance the electrochemical performance of ε-LiVOPO4. By various characterization techniques, we have established the composition of the hydrothermally synthesized Cr-substituted samples to be LixHyCrzV1–zOPO4 solid solution (0.80 ≤ x ≤ 0.85, 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 0.60, and z ≤ 0.05). All Cr-substituted samples demonstrated higher Coulombic efficiency and superior cycling stability for over 40 cycles at C/15. Electrochemical tests show that Cr substitution enhances Li-ion diffusion in the high-voltage regime and the reaction reversibility of ε-LiVOPO4.
A novel Compton camera design featuring a rear-panel shield for substantial noise reduction in gamma-ray images (2014)

After the Japanese nuclear disaster in 2011, large amounts of radioactive isotopes were released and still remain a serious problem in Japan. Consequently, various gamma cameras are being developed to help identify radiation hotspots and ensure effective decontamination operation. The Compton camera utilizes the kinematics of Compton scattering to contract images without using a mechanical collimator, and features a wide field of view. For instance, we have developed a novel Compton camera that features a small size (13 × 14 × 15 cm3) and light weight (1.9 kg), but which also achieves high sensitivity thanks to Ce:GAGG scintillators optically coupled wiith MPPC arrays. By definition, in such a Compton camera, gamma rays are expected to scatter in the ``scatterer'' and then be fully absorbed in the ``absorber'' (in what is called a forward-scattered event). However, high energy gamma rays often interact with the detector in the opposite direction - initially scattered in the absorber and then absorbed in the scatterer - in what is called a ``back-scattered'' event. Any contamination of such back-scattered events is known to substantially degrade the quality of gamma-ray images, but determining the order of gamma-ray interaction based solely on energy deposits in the scatterer and absorber is quite difficult. For this reason, we propose a novel yet simple Compton camera design that includes a rear-panel shield (a few mm thick) consisting of W or Pb located just behind the scatterer. Since the energy of scattered gamma rays in back-scattered events is much lower than that in forward-scattered events, we can effectively discriminate and reduce back-scattered events to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the images. This paper presents our detailed optimization of the rear-panel shield using Geant4 simulation, and describes a demonstration test using our Compton camera.
Monolithic Glass Scaffolds with Dual Porosity Prepared by Polymer‐Induced Phase Separation and Sol–Gel (2010)

Sol–gel‐derived SiO 2 –CaO–P 2 O 5 porous glass monoliths with a dual hierarchical pore structure including both macropores of ∼20–200 micrometers and mesopores ∼5–20 nanometers in size are prepared in the presence of the drying control chemical additive formamide, for a possible application as scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration. While the mesopores are intrinsic to the sol–gel processing, the interconnected macropores are achieved through a polymer‐induced phase separation together with the sol–gel transition, by adding a water‐soluble polymer, poly(ethylene oxide), to the precursor sol. The textural nanopore structure is controlled through solvent exchange procedures and the addition of urea. The overall pore size distribution obtained by mercury intrusion porosimetry was found to shift to larger pore sizes when formamide is added. In vitro tests are used to evaluate the bioactivity. The cell‐support function of the resultant scaffolds is also assessed in vitro using osteoblast‐like cells cultured for 2 days. The results show that the scaffold has a significant bioactivity and a good ability to support the attachment of MC3T3 preosteoblast cells.
Temporally feathered intensity‐modulated radiation therapy: A planning technique to reduce normal tissue toxicity (2018)

TFRT is a novel technique for treatment planning and optimization of therapeutic radiotherapy that considers the nonlinear aspects of normal tissue repair to optimize toxicity profiles. Model-based simulations of TFRT to carefully conceptualized clinical cases have demonstrated potential for radiation-induced toxicity reduction in a previously described dynamical model of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP).
The Arabidopsis <i>ARGOS‐LIKE</i> gene regulates cell expansion during organ growth (2006)

Cell expansion, and its coordination with cell division, plays a critical role in the growth and development of plant organs. However, the genes controlling cell expansion during organogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a novel Arabidopsis gene, ARGOS-LIKE (ARL), which has some sequence homology to the ARGOS gene, is involved in this process. Reduced expression or overexpression of ARL in Arabidopsis results in smaller or larger cotyledons and leaves as well as other lateral organs, respectively. Anatomical examination of cotyledons and leaves in ARL transgenic plants demonstrates that the alteration in size can be attributed to changes in cell size rather than cell number, indicating that ARL plays a role in cell expansion-dependent organ growth. ARL is upregulated by brassinosteroid (BR) and this induction is impaired in the BR-insensitive mutant bri1, but not in the BR-deficient mutant det2. Ectopic expression of ARL in bri1-119 partially restores cell growth in cotyledons and leaves. Our results suggest that ARL acts downstream of BRI1 and partially mediates BR-related cell expansion signals during organ growth.
In Vivo Imaging of Near‐Membrane Calcium Ions with Two‐Photon Probes (2011)

We report a two-photon (TP) probe (ACaLN) for near-membrane Ca(2+) that shows a 13-fold TP excited fluorescence (TPEF) enhancement in response to Ca(2+), dissociation constants (K(d)(TP)) of (1.9±0.2) μM, pH-insensitivity at the biologically relevant pH, and can detect near-membrane Ca(2+) in live cells for more than 1500 s and in living tissues at 120 μm depth without interference from other metal ions. Comparison with existing probes provides a useful strategy for the design of efficient TP probes for the near-membrane metal ions.
Oxygenated Analogues of 1-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]- and 1-[2-[Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazines (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909) as Potential Extended-Action Cocaine-Abuse Therapeutic Agents (1999)

An investigation into the preparation of potential extended-release cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents afforded a series of compounds related to 1-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1a) and 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (1b) (GBR 12935 and GBR 12909, respectively), which were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT) and to inhibit the uptake of [(3)H]-labeled dopamine (DA). The addition of hydroxy and methoxy substituents to the benzene ring on the phenylpropyl moiety of 1a-1d resulted in a series of potent and selective ligands for the DAT (analogues 5-28). The hydroxyl groups were included to incorporate a medium-chain carboxylic acid ester into the molecules, to form oil-soluble prodrugs, amenable to "depot" injection techniques. The introduction of an oxygen-containing functionality to the propyl side chain provided ketones 29 and 30, which demonstrated greatly reduced affinity for the DAT and decreased potency in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]DA, and benzylic alcohols 31-36, which were highly potent and selective at binding to the DAT and inhibiting [(3)H]DA uptake. The enantiomers of 32 (34 and 36) were practically identical in biological testing. Compounds 1b, 32, 34, and 36 all demonstrated the ability to decrease cocaine-maintained responding in monkeys without affecting behaviors maintained by food, with 34 and 36 equipotent to each other and both more potent in behavioral tests than the parent compound 1b. Intramuscular injections of compound 41 (the decanoate ester of racemate 32) eliminated cocaine-maintained behavior for about a month following one single injection, without affecting food-maintained behavior. The identification of analogues 32, 34, and 36, thus, provides three potential candidates for esterification and formulation as extended-release cocaine-abuse therapeutic agents.
Thermochemical generation of hydrogen and oxygen from water. [NaMnO/sub 2/ and TiO/sub 2/] (1980)

A thermochemical cyclic process for the production of hydrogen exploits the reaction between sodium manganate (NaMnO/sub 2/) and titanium dioxide (TiO/sub 2/) to form sodium titanate (Na/sub 2/TiO/sub 3/), manganese (II) titanate (MnTiO/sub 3/) and oxygen. The titanate mixture is treated with sodium hydroxide, in the presence of steam, to form sodium titanate, sodium manganate (III), water and hydrogen. The sodium titanate-manganate (III) mixture is treated with water to form sodium manganate (III), titanium dioxide and sodium hydroxide. Sodium manganate (III) and titanium dioxide are recycled following dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water.
Development of a voice coil-actuated limited-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism for vibration suppression (2009)

The development of a prototype limited-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism for vibration suppression is presented. The mechanism is novel in that voice-coil actuators capable of delivering large forces are used to provide high-bandwidth suppression for heavy payloads. A summary of general parallel mechanism kinematic theory is provided, and the singular conditions for the prototype mechanism are explained. A two-axis vibration suppression control system is described, and experimental evidence of closed-loop performance is provided. The prototype mechanism delivers a maximum of 27 dB of disturbance rejection over the target frequency interval 1–10 Hz.
Recent Progress On Tellurium Halide Glasses For I.R. Fibers (1989)

New Tellurium halide glasses denominated TeX glass have been investigated in the Te-Se-I and Te-Se-Br systems in order to qualify these vitreous materials versus their tendency to devitrify, the value of their glass temperature Tg and the position of the band gap absorption edge. While the multiphonon edge is located around 20 μm for all the glass compositions, it is noted that the band gap edge is very depending on the Se content. The first Tex glass fibers have been prepared from standard starting materials and it is verified that the lowest attenuation value around 5 dB/m is located in the 10-11 μm region.
Shared-spectrum multistatic radar: Preliminary experimental results (2007)

In this paper we present preliminary experimental results demonstrating the ability of the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm to suppress the mutual-interference generated by shared-spectrum radar signals, thus enabling shared-spectrum radar. The MAPC algorithm, a waveform diversity technique wherein multiple known transmitted waveforms are adaptively pulse compressed using reiterative minimum mean-square error (RMMSE) estimation, has been shown to successfully suppress both range sidelobes and interference from multiple radars operating in the same spectrum. In this paper, we present initial experimental results from the adaptive pulse compression (APC) test bed that demonstrate the ability of MAPC to mitigate both the mutual interference from multiple radars and pulse compression range sidelobes when applied to measured data.
Correcting luminance for obliquely-projected displays (2005)

Projection-based products are becoming a competitive alternative for HDTV display. It is often impractical to orient a projector perpendicularly to the screen. However, oblique projection geometry is a major factor in display luminance non-uniformity. Feedback from an arbitrarily-positioned camera is used to find homography transformations between projector and screen. From this we determine the ratio of pixel areas to flatten the illumination field.
<title>Medium-independent table detection</title> (1999)

An important step towards the goal of table understanding is a method for reliable table detection. This paper describes a general solution for detecting tables based on computing an optimal partitioning of a document into some number of tables. A dynamic programming algorithm is given to solve the resulting optimization problem. This high-level framework is independent of any particular table quality measure and independent of the document medium. Moreover, it does not rely on the presence of ruling lines or other table delimiters. We also present table quality measures based on white space correlation and vertical connected component analysis. These measures can be applied equally well to ASCII text and scanned images. We report on some preliminary experiments using this method to detect tables in both ASCII text and scanned images, yielding promising results. We present detailed evaluation of these results using three different criteria which by themselves pose interesting research questions.
Paper No 10.3: Bridged‐Grain Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistors (2013)

Abstract A new structure for thin‐film transistors, exhibiting the benefits but not the drawbacks of both short‐channel and multijunction effects, is proposed and demonstrated. Theoretical modeling is performed to understand the physics of this device structure. All characteristics such as threshold voltage, pseudo subthreshold slope, on–off current ratio, and field‐effect mobility are improved.
Novel approaches to measure acoustic emissions as biomarkers for joint health assessment (2015)

The ultimate objective of this research is to quantify changes in joint sounds during recovery from musculoskeletal injury, and to then use the characteristics of such sounds as a biomarker for quantifying joint rehabilitation progress. This paper focuses on the robust measurement of joint acoustic emissions using miniature microphones placed on the knee and interfaced to custom hardware. Two types of microphones were investigated: (1) miniature microphones with a sound port for detecting airborne sounds; and (2) piezoelectric film based contact microphones for detecting skin vibrations associated with internal sounds. Additionally, inertial measurements were taken simultaneously with joint sounds to observe the consistency in the acoustic emissions in the context of particular activities: knee flexion / extension (without load) and multi-joint weighted movement involving knee and hip flexion / extension (i.e. sit-to-stand). The preliminary data demonstrated that high quality joint sound measurements can be obtained with unique and repeatable acoustic signatures in healthy and injured joints. Additionally, the results suggest that combining piezoelectric contact microphones (which detect high quality acoustic emission signals directly from the skin vibrations but can be compromised with loss of skin contact) and electret microphones (which measure lower signal-to-noise ratio airborne sounds from the joint but can even measure such sounds at 5 cm distance from the skin) can provide robust measurements for a future wearable system to assess joint health in patients during rehabilitation at home.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A COMBINED SONIC AGGLOMERATION AND CROSSFLOW FILTRATION SYSTEM FOR HOT GAS CLEANUP (1982)

The Institute or Gas Technology has investigated a combined sonic agglomeration/crossflow filtration system to remove particles smaller than 10 microns from high-temperature, high-pressure gas streams. Sonic energy induces agglomeration so that particles can be removed in a continuously operating cross-flow filler element. Cold-model and preliminary high-temperature, high-pressure results are promising. The objective of this investigation was to explore the potential effectiveness of sonic agglomeration, crossflow filtration, and a combination of these techniques to remove particles from high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) gas streams. The technique of sonic agglomeration has been known since the 1930's, and crossflow filtration has been used successfully in liquid filtration. This investigation is unique in that these two techniques were combined. Sonic energy was used to agglomerate particles to sizes large enough to be separated from the gas stream in a crossflow filter. The crossflow filter has advantages over conventional filters as a paniculate agglomerate removal system because it (1) operates continuously, (2) does not subject the fragile agglomerates to the high stress typical of inertial capture devices, and (3) can control the buildup of a filter cake when properly combined with a sonic agglomerator. This investigation was supported by the Gas Research Institute and the Institute of Gas Technology Internal Research and Development Fund. In this preliminary study, we found that— • A 2-micron porosity filter must be used to achieve 98% paniculate removal from 95% of a dust-laden stream. (In the crossflow operating mode, 5% of the stream bypasses the filter.) • When sonic agglomeration is combined with crossflow filtration, the same removal efficiency can be achieved with a 10-micron porosity filter. • Combined sonic agglomeration/crossflow filtration removed particulates smaller than 10 microns in experiments at 265° C and 7000 kPa. • The pressure drop across a 10-micron filter is about one-half that of a 2-micron filter, which could reduce the energy requirements for filtration. This method of particulate removal should be applicable to many different coal reactor effluent streams, especially because it can operate at elevated temperatures and avoid gas cooling, liquid condensation, and subsequent liquid-solids separation. Preliminary estimates show that the power requirements of a combined sonic agglomerator/crossflow filter are lower than those of a crossflow filter alone, and that they are lower than or comparable with other particulate removal techniques. Additional tests are needed to establish the degree to which these benefits can be realized.