gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Source/Drain Contact Engineering of InGaZnO Channel BEOL Transistor for Low Contact Resistance and Suppressing Channel Shortening Effect (2021)

We have demonstrated suppression of channel shortening and reduction of Source/Drain (S/D) parasitic resistance (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">para</inf> ) in InGaZnO (IGZO) channel FETs after high temperature annealing by inserting an InAlZnO (IAZO) contact layer (CL) between the S/D electrodes and the IGZO channel. Thanks to high bond dissociation energy of Al with oxygen, a tungsten (W) film covered by IAZO maintained low resistivity after high temperature annealing (>400°C), while a W film covered by IGZO significantly increased its resistivity due to the formation of metal oxide interlayer. IGZO channel FETs with an IAZO-CL showed both improvement of threshold voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> ) roll-off and reduction of R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">para</inf> by ~30%, maintaining high mobility (>15 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs) even after 420°C annealing in N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The insertion of an IAZO-CL is a promising technique to achieve IGZO channel FET with high thermal stability and high on-current.
Modulation of Interleukin-1 Transcriptional Response by the Interaction between VRK2 and the JIP1 Scaffold Protein (2008)

This work suggests that the intracellular level of VRK2 protein can modulate the flow through a signaling pathway and alter the response from a receptor that can be distributed by more than one pathway, and thus contribute to the cellular specificity of the response by forming alternative signaling complexes. Furthermore, the effect might be more general and affect other signaling routes assembled on the JIP1 scaffold protein for which a model is proposed.
All-Dielectric Intersubband Polaritonic Metasurface with Giant Second-Order Nonlinear Response. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Fast Implementation Of Ranked Filters On General-Purpose Image Processing Hardware (1989)

The median filter is one widely-used member of the class of ranked-intensity filters. Such filters are useful in signal processing, and particularly in machine vision, because they effectively remove an important and difficult-to-deal-with kind of noise, called variously "spike" noise or "salt-and-pepper" noise. By their nature, these filters are nonlinear. Filters involving linear operations, such as convolution - a weighted summation of the pixels in a neighborhood - can be done incrementally, and hence lend themselves to implementation on fast "pipelined" architectures. Two special cases of ranked-intensity filters, the "maximum" and "minimum" filters, can also be implemented incrementally. In contrast, the general ranked-intensity filter requires a sorting process over all pixels in the neighborhood. The usual "bubble sort" algorithm requires n passes and n*(n-1)/2 separate comparisons to fully determine the rank of all pixels in an n-pixel neighborhood. More efficient algorithms are known, but these also require multiple passes. As a result, software implementations of ranked-intensity filters are slow, and the hardware implementations now becoming available require special boards or chips devoted to that function alone. This paper presents improved sorting algorithms for ranked-intensity filters, and shows various practical techniques for implementation of these algorithms on existing fast multi-purpose image processing hardware. While not as fast as a dedicated hardware implementation, the resulting system is considerably faster than a software implementation, and yet it retains the general-purpose character of software systems. This makes it useful for laboratory algorithm development systems and for near-real-time applications. The same algorithms could also be used to design more efficient custom hardware or provide faster software implementations.
Atom number in magneto-optic traps with millimeter scale laser beams (2013)

We measure the number of atoms N trapped in a conventional vapor-cell magneto-optic trap (MOT) using beams that have a diameter d in the range 1-5 mm. We show that the N is proportional to d(3.6) scaling law observed for larger MOTs is a robust approximation for optimized MOTs with beam diameters as small as 3 mm. For smaller beams, the description of the scaling depends on how d is defined. The most consistent picture of the scaling is obtained when d is defined as the diameter where the intensity profile of the trapping beams decreases to the saturation intensity. Using this definition, N scales as d(6) for d<2.3 mm but, at larger d, N still scales as d(3.6).
Powder Metallurgy Manufacturing of Carbon-Free Precipitation Hardened High Speed Steels (2010)

Carbon-free steels of the type Fe-Co-(Mo, W) have been known for long to attain very high hardness levels through precipitation hardening. However, the classical ingot metallurgy route tended to result in brittle materials.
28 GHz RF Front-End Structure Using CG LNA as a Switch (2019)

This letter proposes a compact 28-GHz front-end (FE) structure that uses a common-gate (CG) low-noise amplifier (LNA) as a transmit/receive switch. The power amplifier (PA) output shares a dc bias with the CG LNA input. When the shared dc bias is high, the state of the LNA becomes passive, and the LNA operates as a turned-off shunt switch in the transmitter (TX) mode. The proposed CG LNA switch allows high isolation and linearity with a TX path insertion loss of 0.07 dB at 28 GHz. On the contrary, when the shared dc bias is low, the state of the PA becomes passive and it results in a receiver (RX) path insertion loss of 0.51 dB at 28 GHz. The path losses of the CG LNA switch are minimized by the RF floating bodies of the PA and the CG LNA. This is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process occupying a 0.215-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> core area. The measured saturation power is 15.3 dBm with 25.1% peak power-added efficiency in the TX mode, and the measured noise figure is 4.9 dB in the RX mode.
Analyzing and compressing assembly code (1984)

This paper describes the application of a general data compression algorithm to assembly code. The system is retargetable and generalizes cross-jumping and procedural abstraction. It can be used as a space optimizer that trades time for space, it can turn assembly code into interpretive code, and it can help formalize and automate the traditionally ad hoc design of both real and abstract machines.
EPISODIC CHROMOSOMAL EVOLUTION IN PLANIPAPILLUS (ONYCHOPHORA: PERIPATOPSIDAE): A PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH TO EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS AND SPECIATION (2002)

Planipapillus, a clade of onychophorans from southeastern Australia, exhibits substantial chromosomal variation. In the context of a robust phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data, we evaluate models of chromosomal evolution and speciation that differ in the roles assigned to selection, mutation, and drift. Permutation tests suggest that all chromosome rearrangements in the clade have been centric fusions and, on the basis of parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods with independent estimates of branch lengths, we conclude that at least 31 centric fusions have been fixed in Planipapillus. A likelihood-ratio test approach, which is independent of our point estimates of ancestral states, rejects an evolutionary model in which the mutation rate is constant and centric fusions are effectively neutral. In contrast to the nucleotide sequence data, which are consistent with neutrality and rate constancy, centric fusions in Planipapillus are underdominant, spontaneous fusion rates vary among lineages, or both. We predict an inverse relationship between rates of chromosomal evolution and historical population size. Chromosomal evolution may play a role in speciation in Planipapillus, both by interactions between centric fusions with monobrachial homology and by the accumulation of multiple weakly underdominant fusions.
Porous Graphene Materials for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices (2013)

Combining the advantages from both porous materials and graphene, porous graphene materials have attracted vast interests due to their large surface areas, unique porous structures, diversified compositions and excellent electronic conductivity. These unordinary features enable porous graphene materials to serve as key components in high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices such as lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. This progress report summarizes the typical fabrication methods for porous graphene materials with micro-, meso-, and macro-porous structures. The structure-property relationships of these materials and their application in advanced electrochemical devices are also discussed.
Remodeling of Tight Junctions and Enhancement of Barrier Integrity of the CACO-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Layer by Micronutrients (2015)

The micronutrients zinc, quercetin, butyrate, indole and berberine were evaluated for their ability to induce remodeling of epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and enhance barrier integrity in the CACO-2 gastrointestinal epithelial cell culture model. All five of these chemically very diverse micronutrients increased transepithelial electrical resistance (Rt) significantly, but only berberine also improved barrier integrity to the non-electrolyte D-mannitol. Increases of Rt as much as 200% of untreated controls were observed. Each of the five micronutrients also induced unique, signature-like changes in TJ protein composition, suggesting multiple pathways (and TJ arrangements) by which TJ barrier function can be enhanced. Decreases in abundance by as much as 90% were observed for claudin-2, and increases of over 300% could be seen for claudins -5 and -7. The exact effects of the micronutrients on barrier integrity and TJ protein composition were found to be highly dependent on the degree of differentiation of the cell layer at the time it was exposed to the micronutrient. The substratum to which the epithelial layer adheres was also found to regulate the response of the cell layer to the micronutrient. The implications of these findings for therapeutically decreasing morbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease are discussed.
Gene therapy for follistatin mitigates systemic metabolic inflammation and post-traumatic arthritis in high-fat diet–induced obesity (2020)

Obesity-associated inflammation and loss of muscle function play critical roles in the development of osteoarthritis (OA); thus, therapies that target muscle tissue may provide novel approaches to restoring metabolic and biomechanical dysfunction associated with obesity. Follistatin (FST), a protein that binds myostatin and activin, may have the potential to enhance muscle formation while inhibiting inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) delivery of FST enhances muscle formation and mitigates metabolic inflammation and knee OA caused by a high-fat diet in mice. AAV-mediated FST delivery exhibited decreased obesity-induced inflammatory adipokines and cytokines systemically and in the joint synovial fluid. Regardless of diet, mice receiving FST gene therapy were protected from post-traumatic OA and bone remodeling induced by joint injury. Together, these findings suggest that FST gene therapy may provide a multifactorial therapeutic approach for injury-induced OA and metabolic inflammation in obesity.
Fungal cell wall vaccines: an update (2012)

This discussion is intended to be an overview of current advances in the development of fungal cell wall vaccines with an emphasis on Candida; it is not a comprehensive historical review of all fungal cell wall vaccines. Selected, more recent, innovative strategies for developing fungal vaccines will be highlighted. Both scientific and logistical obstacles related to the development of, and clinical use of, fungal vaccines will be discussed.
Fluorescence-Based Selection of Gene-Corrected Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells From Acid Sphingomyelinase-Deficient Mice: Implications for Niemann-Pick Disease Gene Therapy and the Development of Improved Stem Cell Gene Transfer Procedures (1999)

The general utility of a novel, fluorescence-based procedure for assessing gene transfer and expression has been demonstrated using hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Lineage-depleted hematopoietic cells were isolated from the bone marrow or fetal livers of acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, and retrovirally transduced with amphotropic or ecotropic vectors encoding a normal acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cDNA. Anti-c-Kit antibodies were then used to label stem- and progenitor-enriched cell populations, and the Bodipy fluorescence was analyzed in each group after incubation with a Bodipy-conjugated sphingomyelin. Only cells expressing the functional ASM (ie, transduced) could degrade the sphingomyelin, thereby reducing their Bodipy fluorescence as compared with nontransduced cells. The usefulness of this procedure for the in vitro assessment of gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells was evaluated, as well as its ability to provide an enrichment of transduced stem cells in vivo. To show the value of this method for in vitro analysis, the effects of retroviral transduction using ecotropic versus amphotropic vectors, various growth factor combinations, and adult bone marrow versus fetal liver stem cells were assessed. The results of these studies confirmed the fact that ecotropic vectors were much more efficient at transducing murine stem cells than amphotropic vectors, and that among the three most commonly used growth factors (stem cell factor [SCF] and interleukins 3 and 6 [IL-3 and IL-6]), SCF had the most significant effect on the transduction of stem cells, whereas IL-6 had the most significant effect on progenitor cells. In addition, it was determined that fetal liver stem cells were only approximately twofold more "transducible" than stem cells from adult bone marrow. Transplantation of Bodipy-selected bone marrow cells into lethally irradiated mice showed that the number of spleen colony-forming units that were positive for the retroviral vector (as determined by polymerase chain reaction) was 76%, as compared with 32% in animals that were transplanted with cells that were nonselected. The methods described within this manuscript are particularly useful for evaluating hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer in vivo because the marker gene used in the procedure (ASM) encodes a naturally occurring mammalian enzyme that has no known adverse effects, and the fluorescent compound used for selection (Bodipy sphingomyelin) is removed from the cells before transplantation.
Supplemental Iron for the Artifically Reared Piglet (1975)

Weight gain and hemoglobin values were obtained from 102 pigs, weaned within 12 hr after birth, through 53 days of age. This study was conducted to determine the effect of an iron dextran injection on performance and hemoglobin levels of piglets fed individually in a mechanical feeder from 12 hr to 23 days of age. The animals were divided into two treatment groups at 4 to 5 days of age. One group received 100 mg of supplemental iron in the form of injectable iron dextran. The other group received no supplemental source of iron. Both groups received the same diet throughout the study. The supplemental iron injection did not provide a significant (P < .05) response in weight gain for any of the sampling periods. There were some indications in body weight gain that the males responded better to the iron injection than did the females. At 16, 23 and 30 days of age, the hemoglobin value of the supplemental iron group was significantly (P < .05) increased. At 38 days of age, the hemoglobin levels of the treatment groups did not indicate significant difference. In the non-supplemented pigs at 30 days of age, females had significantly (P < .05) greater hemoglobin values than males. Although all hemoglobin levels were in a normal range, the supplemental iron increased hemoglobin levels at the earlier ages. This study indicated the additional iron treatment did not increase the weight gain of the early weaned pigs.
An All-Solid-State Tunable Dual-Wavelength Ti:Sapphire Laser with Quasi-Continuous-Wave Outputs (2007)

A high power dual-wavelength Ti:sapphire laser system with wide turning range and high efficiency is described, which consists of two prism-dispersed resonators pumped by an all-solid-state frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. Tunable dual-wavelength outputs, with one wavelength range from 750 nm to 795 nm and the other from 800 nm to 850 nm, have been demonstrated. With a pump power of 23 W at 532 nm, a repetition rate of 6.5 kHz and a pulse width of 67.6 ns, the maximum dual-wavelength output power of 5.6 W at 785.3 nm and 812.1 nm, with a pulse width of 17.2 ns and a line width of 2 nm, has been achieved, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 24.4%.
Preparation and characterization of poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide desulfurization (2018)

The highly hydrophobic poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica (PES/fSiO 2 ) organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) desulfurization was prepared by incorporating the fSiO 2 particles on the PES membrane via sol–gel process and fluorination. The formation of PES/fSiO 2 organic–inorganic composite membrane was examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle. The experimental results showed that the fSiO 2 inorganic layer was tightly bonded to the PES membrane surface through silane chemical reactions. The incorporation of the fSiO 2 inorganic layer on the PES membrane surface increases the surface roughness and reduces the surface free energy because of the hydrophobic dodecafluoroheptyl-propyl-trimethoxysilane. The hydrophobicity of the PES/fSiO 2 composite membrane was dramatically enhanced from 78.0° of PES membrane to 128.2° of PES/fSiO 2 membrane. Compared with PES membrane, the desulfurization performance of PES/fSiO 2 membrane was investigated. PES/fSiO 2 organic–inorganic composite membrane indicated a reasonably stable SO 2 absorption flux of 7.69E-4 mol/m 2 s during the 240-min-long time operation.
The anti-diabetic drug metformin suppresses the metastasis-associated protein CD24 in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells. (2011)

CD24, a mucin-like adhesion molecule that enhances the metastatic potential of malignant cells, has been suggested to be a marker of poor prognosis in breast carcinomas. The tumor-initiating potential of CD44posCD24pos cell populations has been recently recognized and, accordingly, distant metastases are largely composed of CD24-positive cells in breast cancer patients refractory to treatment. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies aimed at down-regulating CD24 may negatively regulate the dissemination of tumor cells and formation of metastasis. Here, we reveal that suppression of CD24 protein expression is a crucial event in the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth-inhibitory effects of the anti-diabetic drug metformin in MDA-MB-468 triple-negative (basal-like) breast cancer cells. First, we confirmed that, among the different molecular classes of breast cancer, basal-like breast cancer cells were significantly more sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effects of metformin. Second, we observed a positive correlation between the growth inhibitory activity of metformin and the relative enrichment in cells bearing the CD44posCD24pos immunophenotype. Third, high-content indirect immunofluorescence imaging assays revealed that CD24 protein levels were drastically decreased in the presence of growth-inhibitory concentrations of metformin. Fourth, to preliminary assess the clinical relevance of metformin's anti-CD24 effects we took advantage of the recently developed ROCK online interface (http://rock.icr.ac.uk/), a publicly accessible portal that allows rapid integration of breast cancer functional and molecular profiling datasets. When we evaluated the impact of CD24 expression on distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in microarray gene expression breast cancer datasets, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and log-rank tests comparing DMSF for CD24-high and CD24-low breast carcinomas revealed that patients with CD24-high tumors tended to have a shorter DMFS. These findings, altogether, suggest that the ability of metformin to suppress the oncogene, metastasis promoter and breast cancer stem cell marker CD24 may open a novel molecular avenue in the therapeutic management of highly-metastastic subgroups of triple-negative (basal-like) breast cancers naturally enriched with CD44posCD24pos tumor-initiating cell populations.
Shelf Life Study of Oil/Water Emulsions using Various Commercial Hydrocolloids (1987)

ABSTRACT This study compares and evaluates commercial hydrocolloids for shelf life stability in an oil/water emulsion system stored at 25°C. Observations of surface or interfacial changes and rheological parameters took place over 90 days. Parameters; n, pseudoplastic index; K, consistency index; and τ 0 , yield stress were reported. Apparent viscosities τ 20 (quality control index) and τ 50 (oral flow index) were monitored throughout the study and correlated well with stability changes. The study produced the following results: propylene glycol alginate promotes creaminess without significant rheological contribution (τ a , τ 20 , τ 50 and τ 0 ). Xanthan gum contributes to body; however, oiling off was observed. Gum tragacanth and combination(xanthan, tragacanth and PGA, 1:1:1) act as bifunctional stabilizers, controlling both oiling off and body.
The Unexpected Uses of Urso- and Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid in the Treatment of Non-liver Diseases (2014)

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a US Food and Drug Administration-approved hydrophilic bile acid for the treatment of certain cholestatic liver diseases. There is a growing body of research on the mechanism(s) of TUDCA and its potential therapeutic effect on a wide variety of non-liver diseases. Both UDCA and TUDCA are potent inhibitors of apoptosis, in part by interfering with the upstream mitochondrial pathway of cell death, inhibiting oxygen-radical production, reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and stabilizing the unfolded protein response (UPR). Several studies have demonstrated that TUDCA serves as an anti-apoptotic agent for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. In addition, TUDCA plays an important role in protecting against cell death in certain retinal disorders, such as retinitis pigmentosa. It has been shown to reduce ER stress associated with elevated glucose levels in diabetes by inhibiting caspase activation, up-regulating the UPR, and inhibiting reactive oxygen species. Obesity, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, and a long list of acute and chronic non-liver diseases associated with apoptosis are all potential therapeutic targets for T/UDCA. A growing number of pre-clinical and clinical studies underscore the potential benefit of this simple, naturally occurring bile acid, which has been used in Chinese medicine for more than 3000 years.