gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact, timed-shutoff, MOSFET-based power clamp for on-chip ESD protection (2004)

We present a novel RC-triggered, MOSFET-based power clamp for on-chip ESD protection. The cascaded PFET feedback technique is introduced. As with other feedback techniques, only a very small time constant is required for the RC trigger circuit which results in reduced capacitor area and reduced leakage at power-up. If mistriggering occurs, it is self-corrected with this dynamic feedback technique.
Preparation and Charge–Discharge Properties of a Novel Organosulfur Polymer, Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene thiuret), for Battery Applications (2000)

Abstract A new redox polymer consisting of benzene and thiuret, poly(p-phenylene thiuret) (PPT), is presented as a cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. The high capacity and cycleability are achieved by introduction of an S–S bond as a side group to a polymer. To prepare PPT, we synthesized a precursor polymer by a condensation of S-benzylthiourea with isothiocyanate and modified this polymer to PPT by an electrochemical reaction.
Positive bilayer resists for 248- and 193-nm lithography (1998)

We have designed and developed new silicon containing methacrylate monomers that can be used in bilayer resist systems. New monomers were developed because the commercially available silicon monomers were found to be unsuitable for our applications. During the course of the investigation we determined that these monomers were acid labile. We have developed a high resolution DUV bilayer resist system based on these monomers. Although most of our work was concentrated on 248 nm lithography, we have demonstrated that this chemistry can be extended to 193 nm applications.
Experimental Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions (1993)

A survey of the literature suggests continued interest in modifying the composition of peritoneal dialysis solutions. Osmotic agents such as glucose polymers and short-chain polypeptides may find a role in peritoneal dialysis fluids as partial substitutes for dextrose. New solutions containing amino acids should serve as more than sinks for uremic toxins by providing nutritional support and by ameliorating uremic lipid abnormalities. Increasing emphasis is being paid to biocompatibility during the development of new peritoneal dialysis fluids.
First Distance-of-Flight Instrument: Opening a New Paradigm in Mass Spectrometry (2011)

A new instrumental concept, distance-of-flight mass spectrometry (DOFMS), is demonstrated experimentally. In DOFMS the mass-to-charge ratio of ions is determined by the distance each ion travels during a fixed time period; the mass spectrum is then recorded with a position-sensitive detector. The DOF approach provides a new way to separate and quantify components of complex samples. Initial results are demonstrated with a glow discharge ion source and a microchannel plate-phosphor screen detector assembly for atomic ion determination. This detection system demonstrated mass spectral peak widths of approximately 0.65 mm, corresponding to resolving powers of approximately 400-600 for a number of elemental samples.
A planar InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiode with floating guard ring and double diffused junction (1992)

The authors discuss the fabrication, performance, and design of a novel, planar In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/ As/InP separate absorption and multiplication region avalanche photodiode (SAM-APD) with floating guard rings and a double Zn diffused junction. The APD, grown by both vapor phase epitaxy and metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, is observed to have a uniform gain of 85, a minimum primary dark current density of 5*10/sup -6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 90% of breakdown, and a capacitance of 0.4 pF for a front-side illuminated device. Both experimental and analytical results show that the double-diffused floating guard ring structure prevents edge breakdown, and also greatly reduces the electric field along the semiconductor/insulator surface. The operation mechanisms and the optimum design of the planar APD based on a two-dimensional device model are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal face recognition in an operational scenario (2004)

We present results on the latest advances in thermal infrared face recognition, and its use in combination with visible imagery. Previous research by the authors has shown high performance under very controlled conditions, or questionable performance under a wider range of conditions. This paper shows results on the use of thermal infrared and visible imagery for face recognition in operational scenarios. In particular, we show performance statistics for outdoor face recognition and recognition across multiple sessions. Our results support the conclusion that face recognition performance with thermal infrared imagery is stable over multiple sessions, and that fusion of modalities increases performance. As measured by the number of images and number of subjects, this is the largest ever reported study on thermal face recognition.
Multimodality vascular imaging phantom for calibration purpose (2003)

The objective of the project was to design a vascular phantom compatible with X-ray, ultrasound and MRI. Fiducial markers were implanted at precise known locations in the phantom to facilitate identification and orientation of plane views from the 3D reconstructed images. They also allowed optimizing image fusion and calibration. A vascular conduit connected to tubing at the extremities of the phantom ran through an agar-based gel filling it. A vessel wall in latex was included to avoid diffusion of contrast agents. Using a lost-material casting technique based on a low melting point metal, complex realistic geometries of normal and pathological vessels were modeled. The fiducial markers were detectable in all modalities without distortion. No leak of gadolinium through the vascular wall was observed on MRI for 5h of scan. The potential use of the phantom for calibration, rescaling, and fusion of 3D images obtained from the different modalities as well as its use for the evaluation of intra and inter-modality comparative studies of imaging systems were recently demonstrated by our group (results published in SPIE-2003). Endovascular prostheses were also implanted into the lumen of the phantom to evaluate the extent of metallic imaging artifacts (results submitted elsewhere). In conclusion, the phantom can allow accurate calibration of radiological imaging devices and quantitative comparisons of the geometric accuracy of each radiological imaging method tested.
<title>Channel-optimized hyperspectral image coding</title> (1999)

This paper presents a wavelet-based hyperspectral image coder that is optimized for transmission over the binary symmetric channel. The proposed coder uses a robust channel- optimized trellis-coded quantization stage that is designed to optimize the image coding based on the channel characteristics. This optimization is performed only at the level of the source encoder, and does not include any channel coding for error protection. The robust nature of the coder increases the security level of the encoded bit stream and provides a much more visually pleasing rendition of the decoded image. In the absence of channel noise, the proposed coder is shown to achieve a compression ratio greater than 70:1, with an average PSNR of the coded hyperspectral sequence exceeding 40 dB. Additionally, the coder is shown to exhibit graceful degradation with increasing channel errors.
FINITE RATE OF INNOVATION (FRI) TECHNIQUES FOR LOW POWER BODY AREA NETWORK (2010)

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method for quantizing an analog received signal in a low-power body area network (LP-BAN) by using a limited number of quantization bits, while information of the received signal is preserved for accurate signal reconstruction. The quantized signal can be equalized in such a way to generate an output equalized signal based on the periodic-sine function, which is suitable for a subsequent Finite Rate of Innovation (FRI) processing. The noisy equalized signal can be further processed by applying improved (i.e., faster) Cadzow denoising algorithm as a part of the FRI processing.
Bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses for high-power lasers (Conference Presentation) (2019)

High-energy, high-power laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), such as National Ignition Facility (NIF), is large in size and expensive in construction. The multi-pass amplifier (MA) with the large aperture amplifiers is widely used in high-power laser systems, such as ICF drivers. The systems with MA usually have four features: square beam, single aperture, single pulse and unidirectional propagation, and the expensive preamplifier systems are required to compensate for the limited gain of the main amplifiers. The gain and the extraction efficiency are limited in part by the number of passes that the beam can make through the amplifiers. Besides, the laser system in the multi-pass amplifier should operate at much higher fluence to achieve high extraction efficiency, which results in a technical challenge in the damage of optical components under high-power lasers irradiation. To efficiently extract the stored energy with low injection energy at low laser fluence operation and make the system compact and reliable, a bidirectional ring amplifier (BRA) with twin pulses is proposed and discussed. The structure of the bidirectional ring amplifier is described. The characteristics of the bidirectional ring amplifier on extraction efficiency and output energy capability are simulated and discussed. The simulation results show that an extraction efficiency of 62.3% and the output energy of 13.4 kJ per pulse at the B integral limit can be obtained at low average fluence of 10.3 J/cm2 and the low injection energy of 3.9 mJ in the bidirectional ring amplifier. Compared with the multi-pass amplifier, the bidirectional ring amplifier is more compact and the extraction efficiency is much higher at low laser fluence operation, which is beneficial to reduce the effects of nonlinear phase shift. Furthermore, the preamplifier system for the bidirectional ring amplifier is simple, only a fiber oscillator and a regenerative amplifier can work.
Retrieval of trophoblast cells from the cervical canal for prediction of abnormal pregnancy: a pilot study (2009)

This pilot study presents evidence that trophoblast cells can be reliably obtained and identified among cervical cells in the first trimester by immunohistochemical staining for HLA-G, and suggests for the first time that abnormal pregnancies may be predictable based on the abundance of trophoblast cells in the cervical canal.
Attamage-A1: Phase I/II study of autologous CD8+ and CD4+ transgenic t cells expressing high affinity MAGE-A1-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) combined with anti-PD(L)1 in patients with metastatic MAGE-A1 expressing cancer. (2022)

TPS592 Background: Adoptive cellular therapies can lead to durable responses in treatment refractory leukemias and lymphomas; however, these approaches are still in early stage development for metastatic solid tumors. FH-MagIC TCR-T is an autologous CD8+ and CD4+ T cell product transduced with a transgenic T cell receptor (TCR) targeting MAGE-A1. MAGE-A proteins are classified within the “testis restricted” cancer testis antigens and are broadly expressed in a wide range of malignancies, including urothelial carcinomas, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Importantly, MAGE-A1 is undetectable in most normal tissues exclusive of the immune privileged testes, thereby making MAGE-A1 an ideal target for T cell immunotherapy approaches. Of note, FH-MagIC TCR-T is specific to the Class I HLA A*02:01-restricted MAGE-A1 epitope. Based on preclinical studies testing FH-MagIC-T in MAGE-A1 expressing tumor models, we have launched a Phase I/II study evaluating this autologous transgenic TCR therapy. Methods: This is a Phase I/II study testing FH-MagIC TCR-T cells in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, TNBC or NSCLC. Eligible patients must have HLA type HLA-A*02:01 and demonstrate expression of MAGE-A1 on archival tumor tissue (≥1+ by immunohistochemistry). Patients must have been offered or received: i) anti-PD(L)1 therapy; ii) enfortumab vedotin (urothelial carcinoma patients); and iii) FDA-approved targeted therapies (e.g. NSCLC patients with actionable mutations in EGFR, ROS1, etc.). For each dose level (DL) in the Phase 1 portion, 1 patient will be treated without lymphodepletion (LD). If no dose limiting toxicities (DLT) are observed, the next 3 patients will receive LD with cyclophosphamide 300mg/m 2 and fludarabine 30mg/m 2 IV days -4 to -2 before T cell infusion. The first 4 patients will be treated at DL1: 1 x 10 9 cells. If no DLTs are observed, the next 4 patients will be treated at DL2: 5 x 10 9 cells. Otherwise, if a DLT is observed at DL1, the next 4 patients will be treated at DL-1: 5 x 10 8 cells. The Phase 2 portion of the trial will test FH-MagIC-TCR T cell product at the RP2D with the addition of standard of care anti-PD(L)1 therapy. Primary objectives are to assess safety (Phase 1) and radiographic response rate (Phase 2) per RECIST v1.1. Secondary objectives will evaluate progression free survival, overall survival, persistence of transgenic T cells in peripheral blood and migration into tumor tissue. For the Phase 2 portion, we assume a 5% null response rate (H0). If the true response rate with TCR-transduced cells is 25% (H1), 15 patients will yield 84% power at a one-sided alpha =.05. Clinical trial information: NCT04639245.
Solvent-based self-healing epoxy materials (2008)

† Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712 § Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 ׀׀ Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
Optimum culture conditions for production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 of nitrile hydratase. (1986)

We sought optimum culture conditions for the production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 of nitrile hydratase activity. Addition of ferric and ferrous ions and the use of methacrylamide as an inducer greatly enhanced nitrile hydratase formation. When P. chlororaphis B23 was cultivated for 26 hr at 25°C in a medium consisting of 1 g of sucrose, 0.5 g of methacrylamide, 0.2 g of L-cysteine, 0.2g of L-glutamate (Na), 0.2g of L-proline, 50mg of KH2PO4, 50mg of KH2PO4, 50mg of MgSO4•7H2O, and 1 mg of FeSO4•7H2O per 100ml of tap water with the pH controlled at pH 7.5 to 7.8, the enzyme activity in the culture broth was 900-times that previously reported.
Analysis of Tire Deformation in Operation from the Data of Temperature Rise (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Knowledge of the deformation amplitude of the tire components during the actual running is important in the analysis of the fatigue process of the tire components. Attempts to imbed strain gauges in the tire carcass to measure the deformation met difficulties due to the alteration of carcass properties in the process of imbedding the strain gauges.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this article, we describe an attempt to estimate the tire deformation in operation from the data of temperature rise. Measurement of the temperature rise is considerably easier than the measurement of the deformation. The temperature data are analyzed by considering the dynamics of self-heating which includes the heat generation rate terms. From the temperature rise, the corresponding heat generation rate is determined and then this is translated to the corresponding deformation of tire components by use of the data of viscoelastic hysteretic loss of the components which are determined in laboratory in advance by use of a high strain dynamic viscoelastometer.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Examples of the analysis are illustrated. The deformation determined by this procedure shows consistent correlations with the load, speed and carcass modulus.</div>
Real-time single frame tomosynthesis: prototype and radiotherapy applications (2023)

In conventional tomosynthesis, the x-ray source or detector move relative to the patient so that anatomy at a target depth is focused and other anatomy is blurred. We propose a real-time single frame tomosynthesis design using a distributed source array and a large flat-panel detector. Each element in the source array energizes simultaneously, and the beam is collimated down so that it passes through isocenter and is received in a small sector of the detector. The detector receives multiple non-overlapping x-ray images simultaneously, and averages these to blur anatomy outside the target depth. Reconstruction occurs at the readout rate of the detector, typically 30 frames per second. Single frame tomosynthesis therefore increases temporal resolution at the expense of field of view and number of views. An application of single frame tomosynthesis is the monitoring of lung tumors during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). External biplane fluoroscopic systems, presently used for management of cranial lesions, could be repurposed with tomosynthesis at moderate cost. In a reader study with two radiation oncologists evaluating 60 simulated cases of lung SBRT, 90% were deemed acceptable for motion management with tomosynthesis compared to 53% with fluoroscopy. We constructed a prototype system using four portable x-ray sources and a fixed collimator and frame and imaged an anthropomorphic lung phantom with a spherical lung nodule embedded, and found that the prototype system showed displayed the lung nodule with better contrast than fluoroscopy.
A superconducting microwave switch (1995)

We describe a superconducting microwave switch. The switch comprises a tapering microwave transmission line which can he switched from a very low loss ON state to a high impedance OFF state with a DC voltage applied to the transmission line through a bias-tee. Switching is essentially thermal in nature, occurring due to the formation of a 'hot spot' in the transmission line. Thermal runaway is avoided through the use of voltage rather than current biasing. Once switched, the transmission line attenuates the applied microwave signal. An isolation of 20 dB is readily achievable. The intrinsic response time of the hot spot to applied microwave fields was estimated to be approximately 1 /spl mu/s by measuring the frequency dependence of the transmitted signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generalized decoding, effective channels, and simplified security proofs in quantum key distribution (2006)

Prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocols can be decomposed into two basic steps: delivery of the signals over a quantum channel and distillation of a secret key from the signal and measurement records by classical processing and public communication. Here we formalize the distillation process for a general protocol in a purely quantum-mechanical framework and demonstrate that it can be viewed as creating an ``effective'' quantum channel between the legitimate users Alice and Bob. The process of secret key generation can then be viewed as entanglement distribution using this channel, which enables application of entanglement-based security proofs to essentially any prepare and measure protocol. To ensure secrecy of the key, Alice and Bob must be able to estimate the channel noise from errors in the key, and we further show how symmetries of the distillation process simplify this task. Applying this method, we prove the security of several key distribution protocols based on equiangular spherical codes.
Convolutional neural networks for small-footprint keyword spotting (2015)

We explore using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for a small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS) task. CNNs are attractive for KWS since they have been shown to outperform DNNs with far fewer parameters. We consider two different applications in our work, one where we limit the number of multiplications of the KWS system, and another where we limit the number of parameters. We present new CNN architectures to address the constraints of each applications. We find that the CNN architectures offer between a 27-44% relative improvement in false reject rate compared to a DNN, while fitting into the constraints of each application.
Simultaneous suppression of noise and reverberation in cochlear implants using a ratio masking strategy (2013)

Cochlear implant (CI) recipients' ability to identify words is reduced in noisy or reverberant environments. The speech identification task for CI users becomes even more challenging in conditions where both reverberation and noise co-exist as they mask the spectro-temporal cues of speech in a rather complementary fashion. Ideal channel selection (ICS) was found to result in significantly more intelligible speech when applied to the noisy, reverberant, as well as noisy reverberant speech. In this study, a blind single-channel ratio masking strategy is presented to simultaneously suppress the negative effects of reverberation and noise on speech identification performance for CI users. In this strategy, noise power spectrum is estimated from the non-speech segments of the utterance while reverberation spectral variance is computed as a delayed and scaled version of the reverberant speech spectrum. Based on the estimated noise and reverberation power spectra, a weight between 0 and 1 is assigned to each time-frequency unit to form the final mask. Listening experiments conducted with CI users in two reverberant conditions (T60 = 0.6 and 0.8 s) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB indicate substantial improvements in speech intelligibility in both reverberant-alone and noisy reverberant conditions considered.
The Arabidopsis<i>REF8</i> gene encodes the 3‐hydroxylase of phenylpropanoid metabolism (2002)

The activity of p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) is thought to be essential for the biosynthesis of lignin and many other phenylpropanoid pathway products in plants; however, no conditions suitable for the unambiguous assay of the enzyme are known. As a result, all attempts to purify the protein and clone its corresponding gene have failed. By screening for plants that accumulate reduced levels of soluble fluorescent phenylpropanoid secondary metabolites, we have identified a number of Arabidopsis mutants that display a reduced epidermal fluorescence (ref) phenotype. Using radiotracer-feeding experiments, we have determined that the ref8 mutant is unable to synthesize caffeic acid, suggesting that the mutant is defective in a gene required for the activity or expression of C3H. We have isolated the REF8 gene using positional cloning methods, and have verified that it encodes C3H by expression of the wild-type gene in yeast. Although many previous reports in the literature have suggested that C3H is a phenolase, the isolation of the REF8 gene demonstrates that the enzyme is actually a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Although the enzyme accepts p-coumarate as a substrate, it also exhibits significant activity towards other p-hydroxylated substrates. These data may explain the previous difficulties in identifying C3H activity in plant extracts and they indicate that the currently accepted version of the lignin biosynthetic pathway is likely to be incorrect.