gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of a Rule-Based Control Strategy for Ice Storage Systems (1996)

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a near-optimal control strategy for ice storage systems. The strategy is based upon simple heuristics that were developed from daily and monthly simulations of cooling systems with internal melt, area-constrained ice storage tanks. Dynamic programming was used to obtain the optimal control trajectories which minimized an integrated energy and demand cost function for both the daily and monthly simulations. In addition to leading to simple heuristics, the monthly optimal control results were used as benchmarks to evaluate the performance of both conventional and the new control strategy. For a range of partial-storage systems, load profiles, and utility rate structures, the monthly electrical costs for the rule-based control strategy were, on average, within about 3% of the optimal costs. In contrast, the monthly electrical costs associated with the most common conventional control strategy, chiller-priority control, were as much as 20% greater than optimal, whereas a simple storage-priority strategy yielded costs that were within about 6% of optimal. The rule-based strategy can be easily implemented within a small micro-processor controller and only requires measurements of the system cooling requirement, building electrical usage, and state-of-charge of storage.
Controlling Binding Orientation in Hairpin Polyamide DNA Complexes (2000)

The effects of N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal tail structure on the orientation of binding of imidazole/pyrrole polyamide DNA ligands has been investigated. We find that N-terminal acetylation leads to an intramolecular steric clash for hairpin ligands bound in the minor groove, promoting a rotation of the spatially close C-terminal pyrrole ring. This in turn leads to loss of contacts between the tail and the groove, removing the preference for 5‘-to-3‘ orientational binding typical of this class of ligand. Similarly, introduction of a glycine linker into the tail leads to a direct steric clash with the groove, again promoting rotation of the attached ligand ring. The effects of acetylation and a glycine in the tail are additive. The implications for the design of sequence-specific ligands are discussed.
Fibrous monoliths: Economic ceramic matrix composites from powders [Final report] (1999)

The project was to develop and perform pilot-scale production of fibrous monolith composites. The principal focus of the program was to develop damage-tolerant, wear-resistant tooling for petroleum drilling applications and generate a basic mechanical properties database on fibrous monolith composites.
Diarylureas Containing 5-Membered Heterocycles as CB<sub>1</sub> Receptor Allosteric Modulators: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation (2018)

Allosteric modulators have attracted significant interest as an alternate strategy to modulate CB<sub>1</sub> receptor signaling for therapeutic benefits that may avoid the adverse effects associated with orthosteric ligands. Here we extended our previous structure-activity relationship studies on the diarylurea-based CB<sub>1</sub> negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) by introducing five-membered heterocycles to replace the 5-pyrrolidinylpyridinyl group in PSNCBAM-1 (1), one of the first generation CB<sub>1</sub> allosteric modulators. Many of these compounds had comparable potency to 1 in blocking the CB<sub>1</sub> agonist CP55,940 stimulated calcium mobilization and [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding. Similar to 1, most compounds showed positive cooperativity by increasing [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 binding, consistent with the positive allosteric modulator (PAM)-antagonist mechanism. Interestingly, these compounds exhibited differences in ability to increase specific binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 and decrease binding of the antagonist [<sup>3</sup>H]SR141716. In saturation binding studies, only increases in [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 B<sub>max</sub>, but not K<sub>d</sub>, were observed, suggesting that these compounds stabilize low affinity receptors into a high affinity state. Among the series, the 2-pyrrolyl analogue (13) exhibited greater potency than 1 in the [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding assay and significantly enhanced the maximum binding level in the [<sup>3</sup>H]CP5,5940 binding assay, indicating greater CB<sub>1</sub> receptor affinity and/or cooperativity.
Reducing the Cost of Production of Bimetallic Aluminium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates (2011)

Bimetallic aluminium complexes of general formula [(salen)Al](2)O or [(acen)Al](2)O catalyse the formation of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and terminal epoxides under exceptionally mild reaction conditions. To improve the potential for industrial scale application of these catalysts, the cost of their production has been evaluated and reduced significantly by optimization of the synthesis, including replacement of the most expensive chemicals by less expensive alternatives. The largest cost saving was associated with the formation of aluminium triethoxide in situ, which reduced the cost of the chemicals need for production of the catalysts by 49-87 %. Further savings were made by avoiding the use of tetrabutylammonium bromide and acetonitrile, resulting in overall cost savings of 68-93 %.
Lifetime Imaging on Silicon Bricks Using the Ratio of Photoluminescence Images With Different Excitation Wavelengths (2018)

The efficiency of silicon solar cells is eventually limited by the bulk lifetime of minority carriers in the wafer. The characterization of the bulk quality, measured on silicon bricks early in the production process, provides an immediate indication of the efficiency potential of the material, the feedstock purity, and the quality of the crystallization process. Previously, the intensity ratio of two photoluminescence images that are acquired with different spectral filters (i.e., the two-filter method) has been used to measure the bulk lifetime of silicon bricks. In this paper, we report on a similar approach, which uses the ratio of two photoluminescence images each acquired with a different illumination wavelength (915 and 1064 nm); one of which is within the photoluminescence emission band of silicon. We demonstrate with modeling that this two-laser method is more robust against uncertainties that affect the spectrum of photoluminescence emission and its detection, while the two-filter method is more robust against uncertainties in the carrier density profile and the illumination system properties. Experimentally, both the two-laser and two-filter methods show good agreement across a monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon brick. However, challenges using the two-laser method arose when a brick with strongly injection-dependent lifetime was measured.
Core/shell silica-based in-situ microencapsulation: A self-templating method (2005)

Core/shell SiO2 and (RSiO1.5)(1-x)-(SiO2)x (R = alkyl) microcapsules were synthesized via a single-step O/W emulsion system using a self-templating method; the facile synthetic process provides an in-situ encapsulation route for a wide range of lipophilic functional compounds.
A theory of non‐Gaussian option pricing (2002)

Abstract Option pricing formulae are derived from a non‐Gaussian model of stock returns. Fluctuations are assumed to evolve according to a nonlinear Fokker‐Planck equation which maximizes the Tsallis nonextensive entropy of index q. A generalized form of the Black‐Scholes differential equation is found, and we derive a martingale measure which leads to closed‐form solutions for European call options. The standard Black‐Scholes pricing equations are recovered as a special case (q = 1). The distribution of stock returns is well modelled with q circa 1.5. Using that value of q in the option pricing model we reproduce the volatility smile. The partial derivatives (or Greeks) of the model are also calculated. Empirical results are demonstrated for options on Japanese Yen futures. Using just one value of σ across strikes we closely reproduce market prices, for expiration times ranging from weeks to several months.
Cellular pertussis vaccine containing a Bordetella pertussis strain that produces a nontoxic pertussis toxin molecule (1992)

Bordetella pertussis 165-9K/129G, which produces a nontoxic form of pertussis toxin (PT), was used to prepare a whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The in vivo potency and the serological response induced by this vaccine were comparable to those of the conventional DTP vaccine which contains active PT. The toxic activities induced by PT such as leukocytosis, histamine sensitivity, and potentiation of anaphylactic reactions, which are present in the conventional DTP vaccine, were absent in the new vaccine. These results suggest that the introduction of a whole-cell vaccine containing B. pertussis 165-9K/129G would induce the same immunity as the conventional vaccine and would avoid the administration of a harmful toxin to children.
Decreasing error floor in LDPC codes by parity-check matrix extensions (2009)

High error floors in optimized irregular LDPC codes limit their usage in applications that require low error rates. We introduce new methods for lowering the error floor of LDPC codes, based on enhancing the code's parity-check matrix with additional linearly dependent and independent parity-checks. We prove NP hardness of certain optimization problems related to proposed methods and provide upper bound on the number of parity-checks that need to be added. We show that the proposed methods can lower the error floor of the code significantly, by several orders of magnitude, at negligible or no rate penalty.
Properties and Microstructure of Alumina–Niobium and Alumina–Neodymium Titanate Nanocomposites Made by Novel Processing Methods (2008)

Alumina-niobium and alumina-neodymium titanate nanocomposites have been fabricated using high-energy ball-milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The 10 vol% niobium nanocomposite has a fracture toughness of 7 MPam1/2 and a hardness of 22.5 GPa. This is nearly twice as tough as a pressureless sintered composite of the same composition reported in work by Garcia et al [1]. The 9 vol% neodymium titanate nanocomposite increased toughness to 5.7 MPam1/2 and was able to retain a hardness value of 19.2 GPa. The increase in toughness in the alumina-niobium can be attributed to ductile-phase toughening, while alumina-neodymium titanate relies on the newly proposed toughening mechanism of piezoelectric-phase strain relief.
Comparison of soluble and secreted forms of human parainfluenza virus type 3 glycoproteins expressed from mammalian and insect cells as subunit vaccines (1993)

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) is one of the leading causes of paediatric viral respiratory disease. The PIV-3 genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins, F and HN, which are the major targets for the host antibody response. We have expressed secreted forms of the F and HN proteins and a novel chimeric FHN glycoprotein in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus vectors and secreted forms of the F and FHN glycoproteins in stably transformed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Comparison of the mammalian cell- and insect cell-expressed F and FHN proteins by SDS-PAGE showed that the CHO cell-expressed proteins are several kilodaltons larger in size than the baculovirus-produced proteins. A partial characterization of the oligosaccharide structures of the F and FHN proteins revealed that the size difference is due to the different oligosaccharide structures added to these proteins by the two cell lines. The F, HN and FHN proteins were immunoaffinity-purified from the culture medium of baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells and the F and FHN proteins were immunoaffinity-purified from the culture medium of CHO cells. A comparison of the immunogenicity and efficacy of the mammalian cell- and insect cell-produced FHN proteins was tested in cotton rats. The CHO cell- and baculovirus-produced FHN proteins were found to induce similar levels of PIV-3-specific ELISA-positive and neutralizing antibodies and both proteins provided near complete protection when animals were vaccinated with low doses of the FHN protein.
Incorporating concept ontology into multi-level image indexing (2009)

The huge availability of multimedia data in the World Wide Web, and its exponential growth from the past few years, has made the search, indexing and maintenance of the information a difficult and time consuming task when they are carried out manually. Image indexing becomes one of the most popular research topic as the effectiveness of image retrieval depends on meaningful indexing. In this paper, we propose an extension of image annotation models which incorporaties concept ontology for multi-level image indexing. Our system is evaluated quantitatively using more than 100,000 web images and around 1,000,000 tags. Experimental results indicate that this approach is able to deliver good results.
Real-Time Robust Voice Activity Detection Using the Upper Envelope Weighted Entropy Measure and the Dual-Rate Adaptive Nonlinear Filter (2017)

Voice activity detection (VAD) is a vital process in voice communication systems to avoid unnecessary coding and transmission of noise. Most of the existing VAD algorithms continue to suffer high false alarm rates and low sensitivity when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, at 0 dB and below. Others are developed to operate in offline mode or are impractical for implementation in actual devices due to high computational complexity. This paper proposes the upper envelope weighted entropy (UEWE) measure as a means to enable high separation of speech and non-speech segments in voice communication. The asymmetric nonlinear filter (ANF) is employed in UEWE to extract the adaptive weight factor that is subsequently used to compensate the noise effect. In addition, this paper also introduces a dual-rate adaptive nonlinear filter (DANF) with high adaptivity to rapid time-varying noise for computation of the decision threshold. Performance comparison with standard and recent VADs shows that the proposed algorithm is superior especially in real-time practical applications.
257. Selection of Next Generation AAV Gene Therapy Vectors for Specific and Precise Gene Delivery (2016)

The ultimate goal in human gene therapy is the specific and exclusive modification of the desired target cells upon systemic vector administration. Especially vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV) are among the most promising gene transfer systems for in vivo application and have received broad attention due to substantial clinical benefit. However, AAV specificity for a particular target cell or tissue has been hampered by the broad tropism of different AAV serotypes. Over the last several years, new approaches have been initiated to create and select for more effective and selective recombinant AAV vectors by genetically modifying the capsid protein. These methods include random and/or rationale amino acid substitutions, creation of chimeric capsid variant libraries and various selection screens, and/or peptide insertion. A different approach involves the incorporation of highly specific binding molecules (DARPins) into the AAV capsid. DARPins are derived from ankyrin-repeat proteins that have been developed as alternative to antibody-based scaffolds, which are selected by high-throughput screens from DARPin libraries. At present, the bottleneck remains the cumbersome selection of DARPin molecules and the low number of functional DARPin capsid chimeras, which are able to assemble into a functional vector and still bind their intended extracellular target. Thus after months of screening and analysis the majority of the pre-selected DARPins are found not to be suitable for AAV targeting approaches. Here we describe a novel reliable and faster selection approach. First we eliminate the cumbersome and often misleading prokaryotic selection steps. To do this, we incorporate an entire DARPin library into the AAV capsid as VP2-fusion protein, generating either replication deficient or competent AAV library systems allowing for direct screening on therapeutically relevant cell types in vitro or in vivo. Our studies show that replicating deficient and replicating AAV libraries can be generated with high diversity up to 5×107 and high functional titers retaining their infectivity. We have generated a DARPin-capsid library in AAV-DJ (serotype with diverse cellular tropism) and AAV-LK03 (human selective serotype) and after only two selection rounds, found up to 10% of selected DARPins sharing identical repeat motifs responsible for target receptor binding in the pancreas and the liver. We are currently making vectors from these chimeric capsids and will determine their target specificity both in vivo and in vitro. This new approach takes only six days per selection cycle, allowing discovery of novel DARPin molecules and selection for targeted vectors in substantially reduced time. This approach expands the potential diversity in creating and defining novel rAAV vectors with medically relevant transduction properties. Such viral vectors will not only open the door for an array of new approaches to treat acquired human diseases but also push the development of new AAV-based gene therapy vectors to the next level.
Method and Mechanisms of Soil Stabilization Using Electric Arc Furnace Dust (2017)

This paper reports the method and mechanism for improving the strength of marl and desert sand utilizing electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), an industrial by-product, in lieu of cement or lime. EAFD was used in conjunction with a small quantity (2%) of cement. The mechanical properties and durability characteristics of marl and sand mixed with 2% cement plus 5-, 10-, 20- or 30%-EAFD, by weight of the soil, were evaluated. The soil-cement-EAFD mixtures were used to determine their unconfined compressive strength (UCS), soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and durability. The risk of leaching of toxic heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium, from the stabilized soils to the groundwater was also investigated. The mechanisms of stabilization of the selected soils due to the use of EAFD along with a small quantity of cement are also elucidated. The usage of 20 to 30% EAFD with 2% cement was noted to considerably improve the mechanical properties and durability of both marl and sand.
Controlled, Periodic Domain Formation in Strontium Barium Niobate Induced by Volume Holograms (1993)

We demonstrate an all-optical technique of controlled, periodic ferroelectric domain reversal induced by electronic space charge fields associated with photorefractive volume holograms. This technique may be used to selectively fix and update individual holograms in photorefractive crystals.
Redundant Bit Vectors for Robust Indexing and Retrieval of Electronic Ink (2007)

This paper presents a redundant bit vector approach for indexing and retrieval of handwritten words captured using an electronic pen or tablet. Handwritten words (cursive or print) are first segmented into strokes and each stroke is featurized using a neural network. Oriented principal component analysis (OPCA) is used for dimensionality reduction while ensuring robustness to handwriting variation (noise). Redundant bit vectors are used to index the resulting low dimensional representations for efficient storage and retrieval. Experimental results on large datasets with 898,652 handwritten words show good retrieval performance that is robust to handwriting variations and generalizes well over different writers and writing styles.
Immunogenicity of overlapping synthetic peptides covering the entire sequence of Haemophilus influenzae type b outer membrane protein P2 (1993)

Haemophilus influenzae type b is a major cause of bacterial meningitis in young children. Antibodies against the outer membrane protein P2 are protective in the infant rat model of bacteremia. To identify conserved, surface-exposed, and protective epitopes of P2, 17 overlapping peptides covering the entire sequence of the protein were synthesized. Antisera from mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits raised against chromatographically purified P2 were tested for their reactivities to the peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Three major linear immunodominant B-cell epitopes were mapped to residues 53 to 81, 241 to 265, and 314 to 341 of mature P2. Human convalescent-phase antisera also reacted strongly with these three epitopes. Rabbit antisera against all peptide-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates except two peptides containing residues 8 to 19 and 302 to 319 recognized the corresponding peptides in ELISA and reacted with P2 on immunoblots. Immunization with all unconjugated peptides, except the 19 N-terminal residues, induced very strong peptide-specific antibody responses, and these antisera reacted with P2 on immunoblots. Rabbit antisera raised against peptides corresponding to residues 1 to 14, 125 to 150, 193 to 219, and 241 to 319 also recognized P2 purified from H. influenzae nontypeable isolates. Identification of these immunodominant B-cell epitopes and conserved regions is a first step toward the rational design of a universal H. influenzae vaccine.
Use of a Callus-Specific Selection System to Develop Transgenic Rice Seed Accumulating a High Level of Recombinant Protein (2012)

A mutated rice acetolactate synthase (mALS) gene expressed under the control of the rice callus-specific promoter (CSP) (CSP:mALS) becomes a useful selectable marker for producing transgenic rice seed with higher accumulation of recombinant protein. When amounts of transgene products in mature seeds are compared between transgenic rice lines containing the CSP:mALS selection gene cassette and those with the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter (35S:HPT), the former transgenic rice seeds usually resulted in 1.2- to 2-fold higher accumulation of transgene products than in the latter. It is considered that specific expression of a selection marker gene at the selection stage may allow enhanced transgene products in seeds.This chapter represents a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation system using the CSP:mALS gene cassette in place of the conventional constitutive selection using bacterial antibiotics. This selection stage specific expression using a rice-derived selection marker mALS will be especially beneficial for developing transgenic rice seeds accumulating bioactive proteins or peptides contributing to human health promotion; pharmaceutical products such as vaccine, antibodies, and biopharmaceuticals; and industrial enzymes.
FORMATION OP PERFLUORO(<i>N</i>-ALKYL LACTAMS) BY THE REACTION OF PERFLUORO(<i>N</i>-ALKYL CYCLIC AMINES) WITH FUMING SULFURIC ACID (1985)

Abstract Perfluoro(N-alkyl lactams) have been obtained in high yields by the reaction of perfluoro(N-alkyl cyclic amines) with fuming sulfuric acid.
Use of a Microprocessor-Based Interface for Blood Pressure Control during Hemodialysis. (1984)

Hypotension is a common occurrence during hemodialysis which results in significant morbidity and time consuming activity by the dialysis staff. To assist in the management of hypotensive episodes during dialysis we have used a microprocessor-based interface to link a hemodialysis delivery system with a blood pressure monitoring device. The system monitors vital signs and when values are beyond the established limits it will notify the staff of changing conditions and will take corrective action by altering ultrafiltration pressure, blood flow and dialysate sodium concentration. All set points for alarms, monitoring function and corrective actions have predetermined default values which may be individually programmed. The system as described allows better control of hemodialysis-related hypotensive episodes independent of patient symptoms and staffing.