gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type I Regulatory T Cells Specific for Desmoglein 3 Are More Frequently Detected in Healthy Individuals than in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris (2004)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune bullous skin disorder and is primarily associated with circulating autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) that are presumably regulated by Th cells. The aim of this study was to identify Dsg3-specific T regulatory (Tr) cells that may help to maintain and restore natural tolerance against Dsg3. Dsg3-responsive IL-10-secreting Tr1 cells were isolated by MACS cytokine secretion assay from healthy carriers of the PV-associated HLA class II alleles, DRB1*0402 and DQB1*0503, but were only rarely detected in PV patients. The Dsg3-specific Tr1 cells secreted IL-10, TGF-beta, and IL-5 upon Ag stimulation, proliferated in response to IL-2 but not to Dsg3 or mitogenic stimuli, and inhibited the proliferative response of Dsg3- and tetanus toxoid-responsive Th clones in an Ag-specific (Dsg3) and cell number-dependent manner. Moreover, their inhibitory effect was blocked by Ab against IL-10, TGF-beta, and by paraformaldehyde fixation. These observations strongly suggest that 1) Dsg3-responsive Tr1 cells predominate in healthy individuals, 2) their growth requires the presence of IL-2, and 3) they exert their Dsg3-dependent inhibitory function by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-beta. Because autoaggressive T cells responsive to identical epitopes of Dsg3 were recently found both in PV patients and healthy individuals, the identified Tr1 cells may be critically involved in the maintenance and restoration of tolerance against Dsg3.
Use of Side‐Chain Incompatibility for Tailoring Long‐Range p/n Heterojunctions: Photoconductive Nanofibers Formed by Self‐Assembly of an Amphiphilic Donor–Acceptor Dyad Consisting of Oligothiophene and Perylenediimide (2010)

To tailor organic p/n heterojunctions with molecular-level precision, a rational design strategy using side-chain incompatibility of a covalently connected donor-acceptor (D-A) dyad has been successfully carried out. An oligothiophene-perylenediimide dyad, when modified with triethylene glycol side chains at one terminus and dodecyl side chains at the other (2(Amphi)), self-assembles into nanofibers with a long-range D/A heterojunction. In contrast, when the dyad is modified with dodecyl side chains at both termini (2(Lipo)), ill-defined microfibers result. In steady-state measurements using microgap electrodes, a cast film of the nanofiber of 2(Amphi) displays far better photoconducting properties than that of the microfiber of 2(Lipo). Flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements, in conjunction with transient absorption spectroscopy, clearly indicate that the nanofiber of 2(Amphi) intrinsically allows for better carrier generation and transport properties than the microfibrous assembly of 2(Lipo).
Indigenous bacteria that influence the number of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> in the spleen of intravenously challenged mice (1980)

Intravenous inoculation of conventional mice with 6 out of 13 bacterial strains indigenous to the mouse gastrointestinal tract led to reduced numbers of Salmonella typhimurium in the spleen following intravenous challenge with the pathogen. Gnotobiotic mice harbouring an Enterococcus in their gastrointestinal tract did not have Salmonella in the spleen following intravenous challenge. Some germfree mice or gnotobiotic mice associated with a Lactobacillus strain, in contrast, had Salmonella in the spleen following challenge.
Inhaled Treprostinil in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Interstitial Lung Disease (2021)

In patients with pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease, inhaled treprostinil improved exercise capacity from baseline, assessed with the use of a 6-minute walk test, as compared with placebo. (Funded by United Therapeutics; INCREASE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02630316.).
Deep Geodesic Learning for Segmentation and Anatomical Landmarking (2018)

In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning framework for anatomy segmentation and automatic landmark- ing. Specifically, we focus on the challenging problem of mandible segmentation from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and identification of 9 anatomical landmarks of the mandible on the geodesic space. The overall approach employs three inter-related steps. In step 1, we propose a deep neu- ral network architecture with carefully designed regularization, and network hyper-parameters to perform image segmentation without the need for data augmentation and complex post- processing refinement. In step 2, we formulate the landmark localization problem directly on the geodesic space for sparsely- spaced anatomical landmarks. In step 3, we propose to use a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to identify closely- spaced landmarks, which is rather difficult to obtain using other standard detection networks. The proposed fully automated method showed superior efficacy compared to the state-of-the- art mandible segmentation and landmarking approaches in craniofacial anomalies and diseased states. We used a very challenging CBCT dataset of 50 patients with a high-degree of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) variability that is realistic in clinical practice. Complementary to the quantitative analysis, the qualitative visual inspection was conducted for distinct CBCT scans from 250 patients with high anatomical variability. We have also shown feasibility of the proposed work in an independent dataset from MICCAI Head-Neck Challenge (2015) achieving the state-of-the-art performance. Lastly, we present an in-depth analysis of the proposed deep networks with respect to the choice of hyper-parameters such as pooling and activation functions.
Tissue-Specific, Cell Cycle-Regulated Chimeric Transcription Factors for the Targeting of Gene Expression to Tumor Cells (1998)

A major challenge in the gene therapy of proliferative diseases is the specific targeting of gene expression. Here we describe a new approach based on the development of dual-specificity promoters that are both cell type specific and cell cycle regulated. The gene of interest is driven by an artificial heterodimeric transcription factor, whose DNA-binding subunit is expressed from a tissue-specific promoter, whereas the trans-activating subunit is transcribed from a cell cycle-regulated promoter. As a result gene expression occurs preferentially in the proliferating cells of a specific type of tissue. The selectivity of this strategy is demonstrated for the expression of a transgene in proliferating melanoma cells, using a combination of cyclin A and tyrosinase promoter elements. We also show that the level of expression that can be achieved by this system is sufficient to induce a clear biological effect in a TNF-alpha cytotoxicity assay.
Transposase-CRISPR mediated targeted integration (TransCRISTI) in the human genome (2022)

Various methods have been used in targeted gene knock-in applications. CRISPR-based knock-in strategies based on homology-independent repair pathways such as CRISPR HITI have been shown to possess the best efficiency for gene knock-in in mammalian cells. However, these methods suffer from the probability of plasmid backbone insertion at the target site. On the other hand, studies trying to combine the targeting ability of the Cas9 molecule and the excision/integration capacity of the PB transposase have shown random integrations. In this study, we introduce a new homology-independent knock-in strategy, Transposase-CRISPR mediated Targeted Integration (TransCRISTI), that exploits a fusion of Cas9 nuclease and a double mutant piggyBac transposase. In isogenic mammalian cell lines, we show that the TransCRISTI method demonstrates higher efficiency (72%) for site-specific insertions than the CRISPR HITI (44%) strategy. Application of the TransCRISTI method resulted in site-directed integration in 4.13% and 3.69% of the initially transfected population in the human AAVS1and PML loci, respectively, while the CRISPR HITI strategy resulted in site-directed integration in the PML locus in only 0.6% of cells. We also observed lower off-target and random insertions in the TransCRISTI group than the CRISPR HITI group. The TransCRISTI technology represents a great potential for the accurate and high-efficiency knock-in of the desired transposable elements into the predetermined genomic locations.
Highly efficient p-i-n-type organic light emitting diodes on ZnO:Al substrates (2007)

Aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZAO) is presented in this letter as an alternative transparent electrode: optimized ZAO films offer excellent parameters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The ZAO films are applied to various p-i-n-type OLEDs. By using green phosphorescent molecules in a double emitter structure, very high efficiencies were obtained, namely, 54.6cd∕A and 61.5lm∕W for 100cd∕m2 at 2.78V. Additionally, white OLEDs on ZAO demonstrated pure white emission independent of the luminance and high efficiencies of 12.6cd∕A and 14.5lm∕W for 100cd∕m2 at 2.6V, which is comparable to indium-tin-oxide based white OLEDs.
Rapid pacing-induced preconditioning is recaptured by farnesol treatment in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats: role of polyprenyl derivatives and nitric oxide. (1998)

We have previously shown that hypercholesterolemia leads to the loss of pacing-induced preconditioning (PC), possibly due to the impairment of cardiac nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. It has been shown that excess exogenous cholesterol inhibits formation of several polyprenyl derivatives involved in signal transduction. In the present study, we examined whether PC and cardiac NO synthesis are restored by treatment with the key polyprenyl product, farnesol, in cholesterol-fed rats. Rats fed 2% cholesterol-enriched/control diet for 24 weeks were given i.p. 5 microM/kg farnesol/vehicle, respectively. An hour later, hearts were isolated and prepared for 'working' perfusion, then subjected to PC/non-PC protocols of 3 intermittent periods of pacing of 5 min duration at 10 Hz, followed by a 10 min coronary occlusion to test the effect of PC. PC increased ischemic aortic flow (AF) from its control value of 15.6+/-1.5 to 27.3+/-1.7 mL/min (p < 0.05). PC was not observed in hearts obtained from hypercholesterolemic rats (AF: 15.7+/-1.2 mL/min), however, it reappeared in the farnesol-treated hypercholesterolemic group (AF: 31.8+/-3.4 mL/ min, p < 0.05). In tissue samples from the left ventricle, cholesterol-diet markedly decreased the intensity of the electron spin resonance spectra of NO obtained after in vivo spin trapping with Fe2+-diethyl-dithio-carbamate complex. Farnesol-treatment did not influence cardiac NO content in the cholesterol-fed or in the control group. These results show that the lost PC can be recaptured by farnesol-treatment in hypercholesterolemia, however, farnesol-treatment does not restore cardiac NO synthesis.
Automatic traffic data collection using aerial video images (1989)

Aerial video observation of traffic can be evaluated automatically under certain conditions. The method developed at the University of Karlsruhe allows automatic calculation of a wide range of traffic parameters, e.g. speed distribution functions, densities or overtakings. The time-space-trajectories of vehicles can be estimated. The data set describes traffic in the most general form and can be used for determination of traffic conditions, interactions between vehicles, analysis of influences on traffic flow and other (specialized) investigations. >
PREPARATION METHODS AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEL: A REVIEW (2013)

Hydrogels are three-dimensional cross-linked polymer network that can respond to the fluctuations of the environmental stimuli. These biomaterials can incorporate large quantum of biological fluids and swell. When swelled, they are soft & rubbery and resemble the living tissue, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. Today, drug delivery experience several challenges where hydrogel could be one potential answer to those. Thanks to the unique properties of hydrogel for which they are widely exposed to different biomedical fields. Hence the preparation techniques of hydrogel biomaterial and the evaluation of the properties are of utmost significance. Literature reveals that this three dimensional architecture could be homo-polymeric, co-polymeric, semi- interpenetrating and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based on preparation methods. Polymeric blends like semi-IPN have also been investigated to satisfy the specific needs of biomedical field. Such blends have shown superior performances over individual polymers. Unique biocompatibility, flexible methods of synthesis and tailor able physical properties have made the hydrogels to be used as a drug delivery device to tissue engineering scaffolds. As scaffolds they should provide structural integrity like tissue constructs and as a drug carrier it should have sufficient mechanical strength to control and protect the drug and proteins until they are delivered to the specific sites of the biological system. Hence, the evaluation of swelling, mechanical and biocompatible properties consider more attention before the hydrogels are applied. In this review article an attempt has been made to describe the available methods of hydrogel synthesis along with their inevitable properties.
Interventions for rosacea: abridged updated Cochrane systematic review including GRADE assessments (2015)

Rosacea is a common chronic facial dermatosis. This update of our Cochrane review on interventions for rosacea summarizes the evidence, including Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group assessments, of the effects of the currently available treatments. Searches included the following: Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and the Science Citation Index, and ongoing trials registries (July 2014). We included 106 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 13 631 participants, a more than 80% increase since the last update in 2011. Pooling of data was feasible for a few outcomes, for topical metronidazole and azelaic acid and both appeared to be more effective than placebo (moderate and high-quality evidence, respectively). Topical ivermectin was more effective than placebo based on two studies (high-quality evidence), and slightly more effective than metronidazole in one study. Brimonidine was more effective than vehicle in reducing erythema in rosacea (high-quality evidence). Ciclosporin ophthalmic emulsion was effective for ocular rosacea (low-quality evidence). For oral treatments there was moderate-quality evidence for the effectiveness of tetracycline based on two old studies, and high-quality evidence for doxycycline 40 mg compared with placebo according to physician assessments. One study at high risk of bias demonstrated equivalent effectiveness for azithromycin and doxycycline 100 mg. Minocycline 45 mg may be effective for papulopustular rosacea (low-quality evidence). Low-dose isotretinoin appeared to be slightly more effective than doxycycline 50-100 mg (high-quality evidence). Laser and light-based therapies for erythema in rosacea were effective (low-quality evidence). Further RCTs are required for ocular rosacea.
Prevention of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation by Pacing in the Region of Bachmann's Bundle: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Trial (2001)

BB region pacing is safe and effective for attenuating the progression of AF.
Differential Precoding Scheme of LTE Systems over Temporally Correlated Channels (2011)

In this paper, a novel differential precoding scheme is proposed for LTE systems. The proposed scheme utilizes a differential codebook to update the precoding matrix. Due to the temporal correlation of adjacency time slots in temporally correlated channels, the current precoding matrix is restricted in a limited scope around the previous precoding matrix. This approach utilizes the differential information of the channel instead of quantizing the whole channel subspace, which involves less quantization distortion. The proposed precoding scheme has perfect compatibility with the conventional LTE precoding scheme. So, it has the good properties of LTE codebooks. We analyze the capacity and SER of the differential precoding scheme and compare the results with the performances of other existing precoding schemes.
A 0.5-/spl mu/m, 3-V 1T1C, 1-Mbit FRAM with a variable reference bit-line voltage scheme using a fatigue-free reference capacitor (2000)

A 0.5-/spl mu/m, 3-V operated, 1TIC, 1-Mbit FRAM with 160-ns access time has been developed. In FRAM, a reference voltage design using a ferroelectric capacitor is difficult because of the degradation due to fatigue, a chip-to-chip variation, and a temperature dependence. A variable reference voltage scheme is generated to solve this problem, boosting a fatigue-free and temperature-independent MOS reference capacitance by a driver. The driver is operated from a compact reference voltage generator that provides 32 equally divided voltages and occupies only half the layout area of a conventional one. During sense operation, memory-cell capacitance C/sub ferr/ is larger than reference-cell capacitance C/sub MOS/. A double word-line pulse scheme has also been developed to eliminate a bit-line capacitance imbalance in the bit-line pairs, where a memory cell and a reference cell are separated from the bit-line pairs during sense operation. A six-order improvement in imprint lifetime has been achieved by the new scheme.
A new analytical model for the two-terminal MOS capacitor on SOI substrate (1988)

An analytical model for the two-terminal metal-oxide-semiconductor-oxide-semiconductor (MOSOS) structure, which takes into account the width of the accumulation layer in the SOI film and the space-charge region in the underlying Si substrate, is presented. The results of the model are compared with results one-dimensional (1-D) numerical simulations for a uniformly doped Si film and substrate, showing considerable improvement in accuracy compared to traditional models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extracellular water: greater expansion with age in African Americans (2005)

Aging is associated with the onset of chronic diseases that lead to pathological expansion of the extracellular water (ECW) compartment. Healthy aging, in the absence of disease, is also reportedly accompanied by a relative expansion of the ECW compartment, although the studies on which this observation is based are few in number, applied different ECW measurement methods, included small ethnically homogeneous subject samples, and failed to adjust ECW for non-age-related influencing factors. The aim of the current study was to examine, in a large (n = 1,538) ethnically diverse [African American (AA), Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic] subject group the cross-sectional relationships between ECW and age after controlling first for other potential factors that may influence fluid distribution. ECW and intracellular water (ICW) were derived from measured total body water (isotope dilution) and potassium (40K whole body counting). The cross-sectional relationships between ECW, ICW, and ECW/ICW (E/I), and age were developed using multiple regression modelling methods. Body weight, weight squared, height, age, sex, race, and interactions were all significant ECW predictors. The slope of the observed race x age interaction was significantly greater in AA (beta = 0.0005, P = 0.005) than in the three other race groups. Race, sex, and age differences in fluid distribution persisted after adjusting for body composition in a subgroup (n = 994) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry lean soft tissue and fat measurements. A relative ECW expansion (i.e., E/I) was present with greater age in most sex-race groups, although the effect was not significantly larger in AA males (P > 0.05) compared with the other race groups, except Asians (P < 0.05). For females, a larger E/I-age effect was found in AA compared with the other race groups, but only the comparison against Hispanics was significant (P < 0.05). The ECW compartment and E/I are thus variably larger, according to race, in healthy older subjects independent of sex, lean soft tissue, and fat mass.
Hybrid Statistical and Structural Semantic Modeling for Thai Multi-Stage Spoken Language Understanding (2004)

This article proposes a hybrid statistical and structural semantic model for multi-stage spoken language understanding (SLU). The first stage of this SLU utilizes a weighted finite-state transducer (WFST)-based parser, which encodes the regular grammar of concepts to be extracted. The proposed method improves the regular grammar model by incorporating a well-known n-gram semantic tagger. This hybrid model thus enhances the syntax of n-gram outputs while providing robustness against speech-recognition errors. With applications to a Thai hotel reservation domain, it is shown to outperform both individual models at every stage of the SLU system. Under the probabilistic WFST framework, the use of N-best hypotheses from the speech recognizer instead of the 1best can further improve performance requiring only a small additional processing time. 1
2A1-B02 Research of flying robot of bridge inspection : Implementation of control to avoid contact with structure(Aerial Robot and Mechatronics (1)) (2014)

There are approximately 700,000 bridges which are bridges of 2[m] over a bridge length in Japan. At intervals of once every five years, it is necessary to inspect the bridge. That is, it is necessary to inspect the bridge 140,000 per year. In addition, reduction of experts bridge a decrease in tax revenues due to declining birthrate and aging population is a problem. Therefore in this research reports on flight experiments to build a control algorithm to fly by avoiding contact with the structure semi-autonomously implement the sensor to a multi-copter for the purpose of detection of cracks in the space under the bridge.
Up-To-Crash: Evaluating Third-Party Library Updatability on Android (2019)

Buggy and flawed third-party libraries increase their host app's attack surface and put the users' privacy at risk. To avert this risk, libraries have to be kept updated to their newest versions by the app developers that integrate them into their projects. Recent researches revealed that the prevalence of outdated third-party libraries in Android apps is indeed a rampant problem, but also suggested that there is a great opportunity for drop-in replacements of outdated libraries, which would not even require cooperation by the app developers to update the libraries. However, all those conclusions are based on static app analysis, which can only provide an abstract view. In this work, we extend the updatability analysis to the runtime of apps. We implement a solution to update third-party libraries with drop-in replacements by their newer versions. To verify the feasibility of this developer-independent update mechanism, we dynamically test 3,000 real world apps for 3 popular libraries (78 library versions) for runtime failures stemming from incompatible library updates. To investigate the updatability of libraries in-depth, exploration enhanced dynamic testing is adopted to monitor the runtime behaviors of 15 apps before and after library updating. From our test, we find that the prior reported updatability rate is under real conditions overestimated by a factor of 1.57-2.06. Through root cause analysis, we find that the underlying problems prohibiting easy updates are intricate, such as deprecated functions, changed data structures, or entangled dependencies between different libraries and even the host app. We think our results not only put a more realistic light on the library updatability problem in Android, but also provide valuable insights for future solutions that provide automatic library updates or that try to support the app developers in better maintaining their external dependencies.