gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced High Temperature Piezoelectrics Based on Bisco3-Pbtio3 Ceramics (2013)

High-temperature piezoelectrics are a key technology for aeronautics and aerospace applications such as fuel modulation to increase the engine efficiency and decrease emissions. The principal challenge for the insertion of piezoelectric materials is the limitation on upper use temperature which is due to low Curie-Temperature (TC) and increasing electrical conductivity. BiScO3-PbTiO3 (BS-PT) system is a promising candidate for improving the operating temperature for piezoelectric actuators due to its high TC (greater than 400 C). Bi2O3 was shown to be a good sintering aid for liquid phase sintering resulting in reduced grain size and increased resistivity. Zr doped and liquid phase sintered BS-PT ceramics exhibited saturated and square hysteresis loops with enhanced remenant polarization (37 microC per square centimeter) and coercive field (14 kV/cm). BS-PT doped with Mn showed enhanced field induced strain (0.27% at 50kV/cm). All the numbers indicated in parenthesis were collected at 100 C.
Robust multipath resolving in fading conditions for mobile-positioning systems (2002)

Infrastructure-based mobile-positioning is receiving increasing attention in the field of wireless communications. This is is due to an order issued by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that mandates all wireless service providers to locate an emergency 911 caller within a high accuracy. Overlapping multipath propagation is one of the main sources of mobile-positioning errors, especially in fast channel fading situations. We present a mathematical framework for overlapping multipath propagation over fading channels, which leads to developing a block least squares method for overlapping multipath resolving.
An Environmentally-Friendly Process for Bonding Aluminum Using Aqueous Metasilicate Sol-Gel and Silane Adhesion Promoters (1998)

Abstract Bonding aluminum metal and its alloys with epoxy adhesives is sensitive to process variables, particularly surface contamination and moisture exposure. In the past, several surface modification schemes have been developed to improve the epoxy-bonding of aluminum. The present work describes a simple process that produces significant improvement in strength and durability of epoxy-bonded aluminum. In this process, aluminum surfaces are first rinsed with dilute sodium metasilicate solution followed by a dilute aqueous epoxysilane solution. The combination of the two materials exhibits a bond strength synergism as measured by bondline fracture toughness. The treated aluminum surface also exhibits a significant increase in bond strength tolerance to contamination and moisture exposure. The effect of epoxysilane chemical structure on bond durability was examined, as was the role of the silicate surface treatment.
Inflatable Tubular Structures Rigidized with Foams (2010)

Inflatable tubular structures that have annular cross sections rigidized with foams, and the means of erecting such structures in the field, are undergoing development. Although the development effort has focused on lightweight structural booms to be transported in compact form and deployed in outer space, the principles of design and fabrication are also potentially applicable to terrestrial structures, including components of ultralightweight aircraft, lightweight storage buildings and shelters, lightweight insulation, and sales displays. The use of foams to deploy and harden inflatable structures was first proposed as early as the 1960s, and has been investigated in recent years by NASA, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, industry, and academia. In cases of deployable booms, most of the investigation in recent years has focused on solid cross sections, because they can be constructed relatively easily. However, solid-section foam-filled booms can be much too heavy for some applications. In contrast, booms with annular cross sections according to the present innovation can be tailored to obtain desired combinations of stiffness and weight through choice of diameters, wall thicknesses, and foam densities. By far the most compelling advantage afforded by this innovation is the possibility of drastically reducing weights while retaining or increasing the stiffnesses, relative to comparable booms that have solid foamfilled cross sections. A typical boom according to this innovation includes inner and outer polyimide film sleeves to contain foam that is injected between them during deployment.
Color embedding into gray images (2005)

We present a reversible method to convert color graphics and pictures to gray images based on mapping colors to low-visibility high-frequency textures. From a monochrome textured image, the decoder can identify the textures and recover the color information. An image is textured by carrying a wavelet transform and replacing band-pass sub-bands by the chrominance images. The low-pass sub-band is the same as that of the luminance signal. The decoder performs a wavelet transform on the received gray image and recovers the chrominance channels. Registration problems are discussed and examples are presented.
Experimental Measurement of Server Thermal Effectiveness for Compact Transient Data Center Models (2013)

Server thermal mass can significantly affect the rate at which a data center heats up following a loss of cooling and moderate transient temperature fluctuations due to changing CPU utilization. Recently, a compact server model has been introduced which captures the effects of thermal mass while avoiding the impractical level of detail that would be required by an explicit representation of all relevant server components. Inputs to that model include server mass, overall effective specific heat, and a parameter called the “server thermal effectiveness”. The latter characterizes the server’s ability to transfer heat to/from the airstream passing through it and can take values between zero (no heat exchange) and one (maximum possible heat exchange). Server thermal mass is a physical property of a server and is not influenced by external factors. In order to use the compact model for practical applications, we must experimentally measure the thermal effectiveness of actual servers. The present study reviews the compact model and describes the development of an experimental technique for measuring thermal effectiveness. The technique is validated using simple plate fin heat sinks in place of an actual server. This “server proxy” is sufficiently simple so that it can be modeled accurately in detail in CFD, providing well-controlled benchmark data. CFD and experimental measurements both yield a value of server thermal effectiveness of approximately 0.6, providing confidence in the model and measurement technique for the future characterization of actual servers.
Design and analysis of a 3-DOF micromanipulator (2003)

A unique design for a 3-DOF micromanipulator is presented. The new design contains only revolute joints, and it incorporates rotation of the upper platform of the mechanism, which effectively uses the length of the end-effector to increase workspace volume. The forward and inverse kinematics problems for the device are solved, and a method for calculating the Jacobian is presented. Finally, a prototype of the manipulator was fabricated and tested experimentally to compare with the theoretical results.
<i>DPC4</i> , A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene at Human Chromosome 18q21.1 (1996)

About 90 percent of human pancreatic carcinomas show allelic loss at chromosome 18q. To identify candidate tumor suppressor genes on 18q, a panel of pancreatic carcinomas were analyzed for convergent sites of homozygous deletion. Twenty-five of 84 tumors had homozygous deletions at 18q21.1, a site that excludes DCC (a candidate suppressor gene for colorectal cancer) and includes DPC4, a gene similar in sequence to a Drosophila melanogaster gene (Mad) implicated in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like signaling pathway. Potentially inactivating mutations in DPC4 were identified in six of 27 pancreatic carcinomas that did not have homozygous deletions at 18q21.1. These results identify DPC4 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation may play a role in pancreatic and possibly other human cancers.
Preparation of a Clinically Investigated Ras Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preferential expression of a Mr 155,000 milk-fat-globule membrane glycoprotein on luminal epithelium of lobules in human breast. (1986)

An integral membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 155,000 and isoelectric points ranging from 7.2 to 7.6 has been found to be predominantly expressed on the apical plasma membrane of luminal epithelial cell lining the lobules and terminal ducts in breast. The glycoprotein was purified to homogeneity from human milk-fat-globule membrane and was termed MFGM-gp 155. Polyclonal antibodies were raised which specifically reacted to a single component that electrophoretically comigrated with this glycoprotein in immunoblotting experiments. These antibodies appear to recognize epitopes which are expressed on the protein segment of the glycoprotein. Using an indirect immunohistological method, the glycoprotein was localized predominantly on the apical plasma membrane of luminal epithelial cells lining the alveoli of normal breasts. The expression of the antigen was maintained in both morphologically well- and poorly differentiated lobular carcinoma cells. The antigen was weakly detectable on normal epithelial cells lining the terminal ducts and malignant cells of infiltrating ductal and medullary carcinomas. Expression of the glycoprotein is not organ specific as it is detectable in normal epithelial cells of kidney, pancreas, salivary gland, and stomach and in malignant cells of colon and stomach. The antibodies did not react with large ductal, myoepithelial, stromal, endothelial, epidermal squamous epithelial cells, melanocytes, eccrine sweat glands and ducts, sebaceous glands, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes in breast and skin tissues. Thus, antibodies to this glycoprotein appear to be useful phenotype markers to study differentiation of mammary epithelial cells and the pathogenesis of different histological types of mammary carcinomas, including Paget's disease and signet-ring cell carcinoma of mammary gland.
Simultaneous image formation and motion blur restoration via multiple capture (2002)

Advances in CMOS image sensors enable fast image capture, which makes it possible to capture multiple images within a normal exposure time. An algorithm that takes advantage of this capability by simultaneously constructing a high dynamic range image and performing motion blur restoration from multiple image captures is described. The algorithm comprises two main procedures-photocurrent estimation and motion/saturation detection. It operates completely locally-each pixel's final value is computed using only its captured values-and recursively, requiring the storage of only a constant number of values per pixel independent of the number of images captured. These modest computational and storage requirements make it feasible to integrate all needed memory and processing with the image sensor on a single CMOS chip. Simulation results demonstrate the enhanced SNR, dynamic range, and the motion blur restoration obtained using our algorithm.
Influence of the agarose matrix in pulsed‐field electrophoresis (1993)

Properties of agarose potentially relevant to PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) are reviewed, and some new information is presented. Agarose polymers appear to have molecular weights in the range of 100,000 to 200,000 Da, but this is not tightly related to the effective gel strength. Agarose has some residual charge, and hence exhibits electroendosmosis (EEO). It is possible to markedly increase the speed of separation of DNA molecules by using agarose of low EEO, especially in low ionic strength, non-borate buffers. This increase is especially noticeable in the relatively long experiments required for separation of large DNAs. It is also possible to increase the range of separation in a single run by use of step gradients of agarose concentration, which allows visualization of yeast chromosomes and lambda-phage restriction fragments in the same lane. Because of the strong influence of concentration on separation, it may be useful for investigators to control water content and related variables. Our lack of knowledge of the detailed microstructure of gels may be barrier to complete understanding of PFGE.
Sufentanil, Morphine, Met-enkephalin, and k-Agonist (U-50,488H) Inhibit Substance P Release from Primary Sensory Neurons (1989)

An in vitro model system for analysis of presynaptic inhibitory actions of spinal opioids has been applied. Embryonic sensory neurons derived from chick dorsal root ganglia were grown in primary cell culture, and the release of substance P was evoked by electrical field stimulation during exposure to drugs with well-demonstrated affinity for opioid receptors. This allowed a pharmacologic characterization of the inhibitory actions of specific opioid agonists on the release of substance P as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Sufentanil (0.5 microM), a high affinity mu receptor agonist, U-50,488H (25 microM), a selective kappa receptor agonist, and morphine (10 microM), an agonist with high affinity for mu and delta receptors, inhibited the evoked release of substance P by approximately 60%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. For sufentanil the response was demonstrated to be dose-dependent. As is the case for its analgesic action in vivo, morphine was approximately 50-fold less potent than sufentanil on a molar basis in this assay. The actions of sufentanil, U-50-488H and morphine were mimicked by the endogenous opioid peptide met-enkephalin, and its stable synthetic analog D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide (DAME). Naloxone (25 microM), an opioid receptor antagonist, blocked the inhibitory action of sufentanil (0.5 microM), morphine (5 microM), and DAME (5 microM), but not U-50,488H (10 microM). The action of U-50,488H was partially blocked by the antagonist naltrexone (25 microM). Stereo-selectivity of agonist action was confirmed by the failure of dextrorphan (50 microM), an inactive opioid isomer, to inhibit the release of substance P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sparsity-Cognizant Source Location Mapping for Underwater Acoustics (2013)

Matched-field processing (MFP) is a generalization of classical beamforming that has been traditionally used in underwater source localization problems. However, MFP suffers from low resolution, sensitivity to model mismatch, and is challenged when more than one source is present. This work develops a robust high-resolution underwater source localization algorithm that capitalizes on the sparsity inherent in the underwater source localization problem. Similar to MFP, the sparsity-cognizant approach developed here capitalizes on a model for the acoustic propagation environment and casts the localization problem as a regularized least-squares (LS) one. The resulting regularizer encourages sparsity on the grid-based source location map. An efficient solver whose computational complexity scales linearly with the grid size is developed and its performance illustrated via numerical tests.
Reactive oxygen species from NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase constitutively activate NF-κB in malignant melanoma cells (2001)

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is constitutively activated in malignancies from enhanced activity of inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase, with accelerated IkappaBalpha degradation. We studied whether redox signaling might stimulate these events. Cultured melanoma cells generated superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) without serum stimulation. O(2)(-) generation was reduced by the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) inhibitor dicumarol and the quinone analog capsaicin, suggesting that electron transfer from NQO through a quinone-mediated pathway may be an important source of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells. Treatment of malignant melanoma cells with the H(2)O(2) scavenger catalase, the sulfhydryl donor N-acetylcysteine, the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen, or dicumarol decreased NF-kappaB activation. Catalase, N-acetylcysteine, ebselen, dicumarol, and capsaicin also inhibited growth of melanoma and other malignant cell lines. These results raise the possibility that ROS produced endogenously by mechanisms involving NQO can constitutively activate NF-kappaB in an autocrine fashion and suggest the potential for new antioxidant strategies for interruption of oxidant signaling of melanoma cell growth.
Parathyroid Hypertensive Factor Is Present in DOCA-Salt but not Two-Kidney - One-Clip Hypertensive Rats (1991)

In order to determine whether the expression of parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) is secondary to hypertension or whether it is specifically related to low-renin hypertension, PHF levels were measured in DOCA-salt and two-kidney-one-clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Despite equivalent elevations of blood pressure, PHF was detected in the DOCA-salt rats, but not in the 2K-1C rats (17.5 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, P less than .0001 v 0.9 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, P = NS, respectively). Moreover, PHF levels correlated with mean arterial pressure in the DOCA-salt group (r = 0.91, P less than .0001). We conclude that PHF expression is not a secondary phenomenon caused by hypertension, but rather may be causally related to the development of low-renin forms of hypertension.
Fish schools are the dominant cause of long-range active sonar clutter in the New Jersey Continental Shelf: Quantitative correlations (2003)

Long-range underwater acoustic remote sensing data, acquired using a low- to mid-frequency bistatic sonar system, is compared with data from a downward-directed, fisheries-standard high-frequency fish-finding sonar. These data were simultaneously measured in the New Jersey Continental Shelf environment during the Main Acoustic Clutter Experiment 2003. The long-range sonar is capable of imaging extensive areas, spanning tens of kilometers in range, in near real-time. This makes it possible to continuously observe the spatial and temporal variability of environmental returns over wide areas. In contrast, the fish-finding sonar’s single, downward-directed beam typically provides a swath of only 10 m width along the ship track. Dense populations of fish, indicated by prominent returns from the fish-finding sonar, are overlain onto long-range acoustic images. The outputs of the two systems are also directly correlated along the track of the fish-finding sonar. High correlation was found between locations of prominent environmental clutter in the long-range sonar system and locations of densely clustered fish schools measured with the fish-finding sonar. Additionally, regions absent of clutter were also found to be absent of significant fish populations. These correlations were observed repeatedly over a period of roughly 3 weeks.
Resolution of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Biofilm Infection Using Vaccination and Antibiotic Treatment (2011)

Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly those from methicillin-resistant strains (i.e., MRSA), are reaching epidemic proportions, with no effective vaccine available. The vast number and transient expression of virulence factors in the infectious course of this pathogen have made the discovery of protective antigens particularly difficult. In addition, the divergent planktonic and biofilm modes of growth with their accompanying proteomic changes also demonstrate significant hindrances to vaccine development. In this study, a multicomponent vaccine was evaluated for its ability to clear a staphylococcal biofilm infection. Antigens (glucosaminidase, an ABC transporter lipoprotein, a conserved hypothetical protein, and a conserved lipoprotein) were chosen since they were found in previous studies to have upregulated and sustained expression in a biofilm, both in vitro and in vivo. Antibodies against these antigens were first used in microscopy studies to localize their expression in in vitro biofilms. Each of the four antigens showed heterogeneous production in various locations within the complex biofilm community in the biofilm. Based upon these studies, the four antigens were delivered simultaneously as a quadrivalent vaccine in order to compensate for this varied production. In addition, antibiotic treatment was also administered to clear the remaining nonattached planktonic cells since the vaccine antigens may have been biofilm specific. The results demonstrated that when vaccination was coupled with vancomycin treatment in a biofilm model of chronic osteomyelitis in rabbits, clinical and radiographic signs of infection significantly reduced by 67 and 82%, respectively, compared to infected animals that were either treated with vancomycin or left untreated. In contrast, vaccination alone resulted in a modest, and nonsignificant, decrease in clinical (34% reduction) and radiographic signs (9% reduction) of infection, compared to nonvaccinated animal groups untreated or treated with vancomycin. Lastly, MRSA biofilm infections were significantly cleared in 87.5% of vaccinated and antibiotic-treated animals, while antibiotics or vaccine alone could not significantly clear infection compared to controls (55.6, 22.2, and 33.3% clearance rates, respectively). This approach to vaccine development may lead to the generation of vaccines against other pathogenic biofilm bacteria.
Network coding for wireless applications (2005)

The advent of network coding promises to change many aspects of networking. Network coding moves away from the classical approach of networking, which treats networks as akin to physical transportation systems. We overview some of the main features of network coding that are most relevant to wireless networks. In particular, we discuss the fact that random distributed network coding is asymptotically optimal for wireless networks with and without packet erasures. These results are extremely general and allow packet loss correlation, such as may occur in fading wireless channels. The coded network lends itself, for multicast connections, to a cost optimization which not only outperforms traditional routing tree-based approaches, but also lends itself to a distributed implementation and to a dynamic implementation when changing conditions, such as mobility, arise. We illustrate the performance of such optimization methods for energy efficiency in wireless networks and propose some new directions for research in the area.
Chimeric antigen receptors that trigger phagocytosis (2018)

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that reprogram T cells to kill cancer. The success of CAR-T cell therapies highlights the promise of programmed immunity, and suggests that applying CAR strategies to other immune cell lineages may be beneficial. Here, we engineered a family of Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Phagocytosis (CAR-Ps) that direct macrophages to engulf specific targets, including cancer cells. CAR-Ps consist of an extracellular antibody fragment, which can be modified to direct CAR-P activity towards specific antigens. By screening a panel of engulfment receptor intracellular domains, we found that the cytosolic domains from Megf10 and FcRγ robustly triggered engulfment independently of their native extracellular domain. We show that CAR-Ps drive specific engulfment of antigen-coated synthetic particles and whole cancer cells. Addition of a tandem PI3K recruitment domain increased cancer cell engulfment. Finally, we show that CAR-P expressing macrophages reduce cancer cell number in co-culture by over 40%. Summary We report the first Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Phagocytosis (CAR-Ps) that promote engulfment of antigen-coated particles and cancer cells.