gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adrenoleukodystrophy: Phenotypic variability and implications for therapy (1992)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a relatively common disorder that shows a great deal of phenotypic variability. Approximately half of the patients have the rapidly progressive childhood cerebral form that is associated with an inflammatory response in brain and leads to total disability or death during the first decade. Twenty five per cent or more of the patients have adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), a form that progresses slowly, involves the spinal cord mainly, shows little or no inflammatory response, manifests in adulthood, and is compatible with a near-normal life span. The two forms of the disease occur frequently within the same kindreds and nuclear families. Segregation analysis based on 3862 individuals in 89 kindreds points to the existence of an autosomal modifier locus with a likelihood ratio of 20:1. In addition, we present preliminary results of three types of therapy. Two hundred and four patients have received a dietary regimen that combines the administration of oils containing mono-unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and erucic) with the restricted intake of very long-chain fatty acids. This regimen normalizes the levels of satured very long-chain fatty acids in plasma within 4 weeks. It appears to improve peripheral nerve function in patients with AMN, and a large-scale trial is in progress to determine whether it can prevent the onset of neurological involvement in patients who have the biochemical abnormality of ALD but are neurologically intact. We report early results of bone marrow transplantation in 14 patients. There is encouraging but still preliminary evidence that transplantation can arrest the progression of the disease in patients with mild neurological involvement. There is urgent need to develop methods to combat the rapid progression of the cerebral forms of the disease, which so far has resisted therapeutic intervention, including immunosuppression or the administration of immunoglobulin.
Synchronization of Computer Controlled Video Sources to Video Disc or Tape in Consumer Products (1982)

Synchronization of a computer controlled video source such as a video game or personal computer to another video source e.g., video disc or tape player is frequently desirable. The present design clocks the computer controlled video source at some multiple of the horizontal synchronization frequency of the video disc or tape source so as to obtain frequency coherence; further detecting phase incoherence between the signals from the two sources and in response thereto causing the clock pulses to cease for a predetermined period, the computer or game is allowed to "slip" sync and obtain phase coherence also.
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Prediction (2005)

Using R-R interval history from 24-hour Holter recorders along with R-R interval history from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), a particular monotonic heart rhythm acceleration pattern during sinus rhythm, when used as a predictor of an imminent episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, can achieve a sensitivity of 44% with corresponding specificity of 94%. A more meaningful quantity than the specificity is the daily rate of Type II error, which is 1.8 event/day in this case. The Type II error rate can be reduced to 0.7 event/day with a nonoptimized sensitivity of 47% by using a double acceleration predictor.
Design, Implementation, and Performance of a Cluster Mobile Switching Center (2005)

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a software system that performs the control functions of current Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs) and Visitor Location Registers (VLRs), and provides support for third generation services. The novelty of the system design is in its software architecture. To allow flexible deployment of the system as the migration from second generation to third generation systems occurs, the software is modular. To provide scalability in terms of capacity, distributed processing is used. This type of system design is becoming increasingly more desirable and common as commodity processor prices drop and large capacity switches are demanded. One serious concern with these approaches is whether the required performance of the target switching systems can be met. We show that a deployment of this system using three Sun Ultra workstations achieves a call throughput of 300,000 calls/hour with a latency of below 300 milliseconds. This meets the latency requirements of third generation systems.KeywordsMobile DeviceMobility ManagementCommon Object Request Broker ArchitectureVisitor Location RegisterHome Location RegisterThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Non-orthogonal space-time block code for multipath channel (2004)

We consider non-orthogonal space-time codes in multipath fading channels. For this, both minimizing the effect of the self-interference induced by the non-orthogonal code itself, and mitigating the inter-symbol-interference induced by the channel need to be addressed. We approach the problem by analyzing the example of rate one linear space-time transmissions from four transmit antennas. The starting point is the non-orthogonal ABBA-code minimizing the self-interference, which is one of the rate one quasi-orthogonal codes for four antennas. In addition to applying time reversal on the part of a frame consisting of complex conjugated symbols, the non-orthogonal structure allows for multiple non-equivalent permutations of the transmission symbols. We observe that in addition to separating symbols and complex conjugated symbols, it is essential to interleave the symbols so that time epochs during which copies of the same symbols are transmitted, are far from each other
A Nuclear Receptor-Mediated Xenobiotic Response and Its Implication in Drug Metabolism and Host Protection (2003)

Regulation of the Phase I CYP enzymes and Phase II conjugating enzymes is implicated in both drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions. Moreover, the elimination of numerous xenobiotic and endobiotic toxic chemicals also requires a concerted function of Phase I and II enzymes, as well as the membrane spanning drug transporters. The genes that encode these enzymes and transporters are inducible by numerous xenobiotics, yet the inducibility shows clear species specificity. In the last 3-4 years, orphan nuclear receptors (NRs) such as PXR, CAR, and FXR have been established as species-specific xeno-sensors that regulate the expression of Phase I and II enzymes, as well as selected drug transporters. This transcriptional regulation is achieved by binding of these xenobiotic receptors to the NR response elements found within the promoter regions of target genes. The identification of NRs as xenosensors represents a major step forward in understanding the genetic mechanisms controlling the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes. The establishment of NR-mediated and mechanism-guided xenobiotic screening systems by using cultured cells or genetically engineered mouse models has not only advanced our understanding of the molecular complexity of this drug-induced xenobiotic response, but has also provided in vitro and in vivo platforms to facilitate the development of safer drugs.
Fast Detection of Elephant Flows with Dirichlet-Categorical Inference (2018)

The problem of elephant flow detection is a longstanding research area with the goal of quickly identifying flows in a network that are large enough to affect the quality of service of smaller flows. Past work in this field has largely been either domain-specific, based on thresholds for a specific flow size metric, or required several hyperparameters, reducing their ease of adaptation to the great variety of traffic distributions present in real-world networks. In this paper, we present an approach to elephant flow detection that avoids these limitations, utilizing the rigorous framework of Bayesian inference. By observing packets sampled from the network, we use Dirichlet-Categorical inference to calculate a posterior distribution that explicitly captures our uncertainty about the sizes of each flow. We then use this posterior distribution to find the most likely subset of elephant flows under this probabilistic model. Our algorithm rapidly converges to the optimal sampling rate at a speed O(1/u), where u is the number of packet samples received, and the only hyperparameter required is the targeted detection likelihood, defined as the probability of correctly inferring all the elephant flows. Compared to the state-of-the art based on static sampling rate, we show a reduction in error rate by a factor of 20 times. The proposed method of Dirichlet-Categorical inference provides a novel, powerful framework to elephant flow detection that is both highly accurate and probabilistically meaningful.
Improvement of Cu-Cr electrode surface under impulse voltage conditioning in vacuum (2010)

As vacuum attracts attention from a viewpoint of high insulation performance and environmental-friendliness, vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) are expected to develop into higher voltage level. In this paper, we discuss the relations between the surface state and the conditioning mechanism of Cu-Cr electrode during impulse voltage application process in vacuum. The experimental results showed that the deposited layer at the cathode surface was formed by the anode material due to the impulse voltage application process. We finally clarified and concluded that under impulse voltage application process, characteristics of the cathode surface are changing to those of the anode material, and anode material could determine the final states of conditioning process.
Spectrum Shaping Using Weighted Code-Hopping CDMA (2006)

Spectral shaping is one of the primary technical challenges in spectrally constrained multiple access applications. In this paper, we introduce an efficient spectrum shaping technique based on code-hopping CDMA. In this approach users are allowed to hop between available spreading codes with different probabilities. The proportion of time that each code is used for spreading is determined by an assigned code-weight. We show that the code-weights can be chosen such that the power spectral density of the resulting signal would approximate a desired shape without changing the pulse shape. We also analyze the impact of the hopping patterns on the system capacity in the multi-user orthogonal CDMA systems
NOVEL DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR THE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (2011)

In this contribution we describe a novel solution for the construction of Positron Emission Tomograph. We present the device allowing for determination of the impact position as well as time and depth of interaction of the annihilation gamma quanta. The device is comprised of scintillation chamber consisting of organic scintillators surrounding the body of the patient. We discuss two possible solutions: (i) the tomograph built out of scintillator strips, and (ii) the tomograph built out of the scintillator plates. The application of the fast scintillators will enable to take advantage of the difference between time of the registration of the annihilation quanta. The invented method will permit to use a thick layers of detector material with the possibility of measuring the depth of the gamma quantum interaction (DOI) and the determination of their time of fl ight (TOF), and will allow for increasing the size of the diagnostic chamber without a signifi cant increase of costs. The method is a subject of two patent applications [1, 2] which are based on the techniques used in the particle physics experiments [3, 4].
A STUDY ON INDUSTRIAL GAMMA RAY CT WITH A SINGLE SOURCE-DETECTOR PAIR (2006)

Having its roots in medical applications, industrial gamma ray CT has opened up new roads far investigating and modeling industrial processes. Using a line of research related to industrial gamma ray CT, the authors set up a system of single source and detector gamma transmission tomography for wood timber and a packed bed phantom. The hardware of the CT system consists of two servo motors, a data logger, a computer, a radiation source and a radiation detector. One motor simultaneously moves the source and the detector for a parallel beam scanning, whereas the other motor rotates the scan table at a preset projection angle. The image is reconstructed from the measured projections by the filtered back projection method. The phantom was designed to simulate a cross section of a packed bed with a void. The radiation source was 20mCi of Cs-137 and the detector was a 1 inch 1 inch NaI (TI) scintillator shielded by a lead collimator. The experimental gamma ray CT image has sufficient resolution to reveal air holes and the density distribution inside the phantom. The system could possibly be applied to a packed bed column or a pipe flow in a petrochemical plant.
Integrated Inductor and Capacitor With Co-Located Electric and Magnetic Fields (2016)

Passive components such as inductors and capacitors are fundamental components of nearly all power electronic conversion systems. This paper presents an innovative approach to highly integrated inductor (L) and capacitor (C) design by storing magnetic and electric field energy in a common volume, constituting a dual energy core (DEC). This is dissimilar from other integrated designs that primarily exploit a distributed parasitic capacitance between planar inductor windings, ultimately parsing electric, and magnetic fields into separate locations unnecessarily. The DEC enables a four terminal integrated LC device that may be applied in series, parallel, or in separate parts of the circuit, since its terminal characteristics appear as decoupled lumped elements. The fields in the core geometry are analytically modeled and the effects and tradeoffs of selecting different core parameters/dimensions are explored. Proof of concept prototypes of toroidal form factor demonstrate techniques for fabricating DEC integrated devices, and experimental measurements correlate with the analytical models used in the design process. A boost converter is constructed and tested with a prototype integrated device to demonstrate decoupled operation of the fields in the core on a large signal basis.
Recognising cursive Arabic text using a speech recognition system (2006)

Abstract—This paper presents a system to recognise cursive Arabic typewritten text. The system is built using the Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK) which is a portable toolkit for speech recognition system. The proposed system decomposes the page into its text lines and then extracts a set of simple statistical features from small overlapped windows running through each text line. The feature vector sequence is injected to the global model for training and recognition purposes. A data corpus which includes Arabic text from two computer-generated fonts is used to assess the performance of the proposed system.
Tunable dielectric metasurfaces using elastic substrates (2016)

We introduce a tunable metasurface platform for efficient reconfigurable optical wavefront shaping based on stretchable elastic substrates. As proof of concept, we demonstrate lenses with highly tunable focal length.
N4 RNA Polymerase II, a Heterodimeric RNA Polymerase with Homology to the Single-Subunit Family of RNA Polymerases (2002)

Bacteriophage N4 middle genes are transcribed by a phage-coded, heterodimeric, rifampin-resistant RNA polymerase, N4 RNA polymerase II (N4 RNAPII). Sequencing and transcriptional analysis revealed that the genes encoding the two subunits comprising N4 RNAPII are translated from a common transcript initiating at the N4 early promoter Pe3. These genes code for proteins of 269 and 404 amino acid residues with sequence similarity to the single-subunit, phage-like RNA polymerases. The genes encoding the N4 RNAPII subunits, as well as a synthetic construct encoding a fusion polypeptide, have been cloned and expressed. Both the individually expressed subunits and the fusion polypeptide reconstitute functional enzymes in vivo and in vitro.
MRI for Assessing Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Using DCE-MR and DW-MR Data Sets: A Preliminary Report (2015)

To evaluate MRI for neoadjuvant therapy response assessment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) using dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), we have compared magnetic resonance volumetry based on DCE-MRI (V(DCE)) and on DWI (V(DWI)) scans with conventional T2-weighted volumetry (V(C)) in LARC patients after neoadjuvant therapy. Twenty-nine patients with LARC underwent MR examination before and after neoadjuvant therapy. A manual segmentation was performed on DCE-MR postcontrast images, on DWI (b-value 800 s/mm(2)), and on conventional T2-weighted images by two radiologists. DCE-MRI, DWI, and T2-weigthed volumetric changes before and after treatment were evaluated. Nonparametric sample tests, interobserver agreement, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were performed. Diagnostic performance linked to DCE-MRI volumetric change was superior to T2-w and DW-MRI volumetric changes performance (specificity 86%, sensitivity 93%, and accuracy 93%). Area Under ROC (AUC) of V(DCE) was greater than AUCs of V(C) and V(DWI) resulting in an increase of 15.6% and 11.1%, respectively. Interobserver agreement between two radiologists was 0.977, 0.864, and 0.756 for V(C), V(DCE), and V(DWI), respectively. V(DCE) seems to be a promising tool for therapy response assessment in LARC. Further studies on large series of patients are needed to refine technique and evaluate its potential value.
<title>Luminescent glass design for high-energy real-time radiography</title> (1990)

This report summarizes an investigation of new luminescent glasses for use as x-ray-tolight conversion imaging media for x-ray radiographic applications. Luminescent activators such as T b3+ Eu2+ and Ce3+ were investigated in high density 3 g/cm3) high z fluoroborate fluoride borate and silicate host glasses. Terbium activation in each of these materials has at least a factor of 2 higher luminescent response under x-rays than either of the other two activators. The selection of the host material has a large effect on the luminescence characteristics. Terbium activated silicate glasses have a luminescent response 3 times higher than any of the other terbium activated glass materials investigated. The addition of Gd3 to terbium activated silicate glass has been shown to improve the x-ray-to-light conversion efficiency by as much as a factor of 1. 2 for this glass material. This increase in efficiency most likely occurs because of a Gd3+ Tb3 energy transfer process. 1.
Characterization of the tomato Cf-4 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum identifies sequences that determine recognitional specificity in Cf-4 and Cf-9. (1997)

In many interactions between plants and their pathogens, resistance to infection is specified by plant resistance (R) genes and corresponding pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. In tomato, the Cf-4 and Cf-9 resistance genes map to the same location but confer resistance to Cladosporium fulvum through recognition of different avirulence determinants (AVR4 and AVR9) by a molecular mechanism that has yet to be determined. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of Cf-4, which also encodes a membrane-anchored extracellular glycoprotein. Cf-4 contains 25 leucine-rich repeats, which is two fewer than Cf-9. The proteins have > 91% identical amino acids. DNA sequence comparison suggests that Cf-4 and Cf-9 are derived from a common progenitor sequence. Amino acid differences distinguishing Cf-4 and Cf-9 are confined to their N termini, delimiting a region that determines the recognitional specificity of ligand binding. The majority of these differences are in residues interstitial to those of the leucine-rich repeat consensus motif. Many of these residues are predicted to form a solvent-exposed surface that can interact with the cognate ligand. Both Cf-4 and Cf-9 are located within a 36-kb region comprising five tandemly duplicated homologous genes. These results provide further insight into the molecular basis of pathogen perception by plants and the organization of complex R gene loci.
Robust anti‐obesity and metabolic effects of a dual <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1/glucagon receptor peptide agonist in rodents and non‐human primates (2016)

Repeated administration of MEDI0382 elicits profound weight loss in DIO mice and non-human primates, produces robust glucose control and reduces hepatic fat content and fasting insulin and glucose levels. The balance of activities at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors is considered to be optimal for achieving weight and glucose control in overweight or obese Type 2 diabetic patients.
MODERN APPROACHES FOR THE STUDY OF s-TRIAZINE HERBICIDE BIOREMEDIATION IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS (2008)

The extensive use of s-triazine herbicides in diverse countries causes environmental and health concern. Simazine and atrazine are s-triazines widely used in agriculture and forestry. Although, natural dissipation of s-triazines in soils by physicochemical processes has been described, the main mechanism for their removal is biological degradation by microorganisms. Bioremediation is a successful strategy for the removal of s-triazines in soil. For bioaugmentation processes, s-triazine-degrading bacteria are required, which isolation from agricultural soils was described in this report. Studies of s-triazine adsorption and leaching in soil are useful to determine the bioavailability of these herbicides. The detection of s-triazine-degrading catabolic activity by most-probable-number (MPN) and the reduction of the respiration indicator 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) were presented. The relative abundances of s-triazine catabolic genes in soil were analyzed by the MPN-PCR technique. Culture-independent molecular methods such as FISH, T-RFLP and clone libraries are useful to study the effects of herbicide application and bioaugmentation on soil microbial communities and their dynamics. These experimental methods allow the design of biotechnological strategies for the clean-up of s-triazine contaminated soils.
PACS storage technology update: holographic storage. (2006)

This paper focuses on the emerging technology of holographic storage and its effect on picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). A review of the emerging technology is presented, which includes a high level description of holographic drives and the associated substrate media, the laser and optical technology, and the spatial light modulator. The potential advantages and disadvantages of holographic drive and storage technology are evaluated. PACS administrators face myriad complex and expensive storage solutions and selecting an appropriate system is time-consuming and costly. Storage technology may become obsolete quickly because of the exponential nature of the advances in digital storage media. Holographic storage may turn out to be a low cost, high speed, high volume storage solution of the future; however, data is inconclusive at this early stage of the technology lifecycle. Despite the current lack of quantitative data to support the hypothesis that holographic technology will have a significant effect on PACS and standards of practice, it seems likely from the current information that holographic technology will generate significant efficiencies. This paper assumes the reader has a fundamental understanding of PACS technology.