gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sampling of Microbiological Contaminants in Indoor Air (1987)

Strategies for sampling airborne biogenic contaminants including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa should include specific considerations for each group and very often for different species within these groups. The determination of target pollutants and sampling strategy is based on preliminary investigation of the indoor environment by a walk-through inspection and clinical, epidemiological, and immunological features of health effects. The two general approaches are sampling for the detection of a particular pollutant and sampling for the detection of deviations from normal concentrations or specific composition of bioaerosols or both. The principal sampling techniques are based on sedimentation, filtration, impingement, precipitation, centrifugal separation, and impaction. Two samplers, namely, the six-stage Andersen and the all-glass impinger Model AGI-30 have been suggested as standards. General criteria for evaluation of sampling techniques are collection efficiency, sensitivity, reliability, ease of sterilization, maintenance and operation, and effect on viability. Particular considerations for indoor air are sampler noise, particle size discrimination, capacity, and air flow rate. Attention should also be given to sampling location, number of samples per interior, reference data, and methods to confirm the findings of air sampling.
Delavirdine dilemma at the FDA. Food and Drug Administration. (1996)

For the first time, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Antiviral Advisory Committee has not been able to recommend approval of the anti-HIV drug delavirdine. The trials used as background evidence showed no significant difference between combinations with and without delavirdine, and no less disease progression was seen. In addition, the possible interaction of delavirdine with protease inhibitors could cause drug levels to raise to dangerous levels. Data on the use of this drug in the pediatric population was also absent. More specific results of the delavirdine trials are provided.
Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19 (2021)

The trace element copper (Cu) is part of our nutrition and essentially needed for several cuproenzymes that control redox status and support the immune system. In blood, the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) accounts for the majority of circulating Cu and serves as transport protein. Both Cu and CP behave as positive, whereas serum selenium (Se) and its transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) behave as negative acute phase reactants. In view that coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes systemic inflammation, we hypothesized that biomarkers of Cu and Se status are regulated inversely, in relation to disease severity and mortality risk. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were analysed for Cu by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and CP was quantified by a validated sandwich ELISA. The two Cu biomarkers correlated positively in serum from patients with COVID-19 (R = 0.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Surviving patients showed higher mean serum Cu and CP concentrations in comparison to non-survivors ([mean+/-SEM], Cu; 1475.9+/-22.7 vs. 1317.9+/-43.9 µg/L; <i>p</i> < 0.001, CP; 547.2.5 +/- 19.5 vs. 438.8+/-32.9 mg/L, <i>p</i> = 0.086). In contrast to expectations, total serum Cu and Se concentrations displayed a positive linear correlation in the patient samples analysed (R = 0.23, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Serum CP and SELENOP levels were not interrelated. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, the combination of Cu and SELENOP with age outperformed other combinations of parameters for predicting risk of death, yielding an AUC of 95.0%. We conclude that the alterations in serum biomarkers of Cu and Se status in COVID-19 are not compatible with a simple acute phase response, and that serum Cu and SELENOP levels contribute to a good prediction of survival. Adjuvant supplementation in patients with diagnostically proven deficits in Cu or Se may positively influence disease course, as both increase in survivors and are of crucial importance for the immune response and antioxidative defence systems.
Qué motiva la presión fiscal (2011)

The enzymatic decarboxylations of l-DOPA and l-5-hydroxytryptophan (l-5-HTP) by aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) were measured with homogenates from human brain regions, caduate nucleus and hypothalamus, using our new and highly sensitive methods for l-DOPA decarboxylase and l-5-HTP decarboxylase by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). Dopamine formed from l-DOPA as substrate was measured for DOPA decarboxylase activity using d-DOPA for the blank. For 5-HTP decarboxylase activity, serotonin (5-HT) formed from l-5-HTP was measured, and the blank value in presence of NSD-1055 was subtracted. NSD-1055 inhibited 5-HTP decarboxylase activity completely at a concentration of 0.2 mM. In this study, the properties of l-5-HTP decarboxylase activity in human caudate nucleus were first examined. AADC activities in human brains were found to be widely variable for both l-DOPA and l-5-HTP as substrates. The ratio of the activities for l-DOPA and l-5-HTP were found to be significantly higher in hypothalamus than in caudate nucleus. AADC activity for l-DOPA in the brain was found to be linear up to 40 min of incubation, while that for l-5-HTP was found to be linear up to 240 min of incubation. The optimum pyridoxal phosphate concentration was found to be similar for both substrates and was between 0.01 and 0.1 mM. The optimum pH values were found to be 7.2 and 8.2 for l-DOPA decarboxylase and l-5-HTP decarboxylase, respectively. K(m) and V(max) values for a human caudate nucleus l-DOPA decarboxylase were found to be 414 ?M and 482 pmol/min/g wet weight, respectively, while those for l-5-HTP decarboxylase were found to be 90 ?M and 71 pmol/min/g wet weight, respectively.
A non-destructive method for measuring the absorption coefficient of a doped optical fiber (2019)

To study the cooling efficiency and radiation-balanced condition in optical fiber lasers, it is essential to measure the absorption coefficient over the appropriate spectral range accurately. The most common technique to measure the absorption coefficient in rare-earth doped optical fibers is the cut-back method. Unfortunately, the cut-back method is destructive and requires mechanical movement and optical realignment, which are troublesome for fragile fibers like ZBLAN fibers or tapered optical fibers. Moreover, the presence of the cladding modes is a source of inaccuracy in the final result, and it is challenging to properly remove the cladding modes in highly doped fibers to achieve high accuracy in the measurement of the absorption coefficient. We introduce a non-destructive method based on analyzing the side-light along the doped fiber. The method is presented and explained in detail, and it is successfully used for measuring the resonance absorption of the Yb-doped silica and ZBLAN fiber in single-mode and multi-mode rare-earth doped fibers.
Feasibility study of a conical-toroidal mirror resonator for solar-pumped thin-disk lasers (2007)

An optical resonator that is suited to a large-scale, space-based solar-pumped solid-state lasers is proposed, and it is studied by numerical simulations. The resonator consists of a conical-toroidal reflector element on which a doughnut-shaped thin-disk active medium is set, and an output coupler. Unlike the ordinary thin-disk lasers, the optical ray of the proposed resonator passes the medium radially. With this arrangement, the resonator can enjoy the benefits of the thin-disk geometry, i. e., good thermal removability and low index gradient, while getting rid of the disadvantages of them as a solar-pumped laser, low round-trip gain and poor beam quality. The output power, beam quality, thermomechanical properties, and alignment stability of the proposed resonator combined with a Nd/Cr codoped GSGG is discussed.
Evaluation of Carrier Density in Organic Field-Effect Transistor by Charge Modulated Spectroscopy (2011)

We demonstrated that the carrier density in the channel of pentacene field-effect transistor (FET) is allowed to be evaluated on the basis of optical measurement, charge modulated spectroscopy (CMS). Signal modulation corresponds well with the electrical properties; device exhibited only p-type characteristics in ambient atmosphere and only negative gate voltage induces the reflectance modulation, indicating the suppression of n-type operation. Reflectance modulation that increases linearly with negative gate voltage was reproduced by the multilayer optical analysis taking into account the channel formation. Based on such analysis, carrier density in the channel was evaluated from a magnitude of modulation at specific wavelength.
Distributed Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Systems (2007)

Cognitive radio is a candidate technology for more efficient spectrum utilization systems based on opportunistic spectrum sharing. Because this new technology does not rely on traditional license-based spectrum allocation policies, it could disrupt existing systems if the spectrum utilization decision is based on unreliable spectral estimation. Distributed sensing methods have the potential to increase the spectral estimation reliability and decrease the probability of interference of cognitive radios to existing radio systems. In this paper, we consider different aspects of the processing and fusion of spectrum sensing information of cognitive radio systems. The use of cyclic feature- based methods for distributed signal detection and classification is discussed and recent results are presented.
Cross-component energy management (2007)

Researchers have proposed the use of adaptation to reduce the energy consumption of different hardware components, such as the processor, memory, disk, and display for general-purpose applications. Previous algorithms to control these adaptations, however, have focused on a single component. This work takes the first step toward developing algorithms that can jointly control adaptations in multiple interacting components for general-purpose applications, with the goal of minimizing the total energy consumed within a specified performance loss. Specifically, we develop a joint-adaptation algorithm for processor and memory adaptations. We identify two properties that enable per-component algorithms to be easily used in a cross-component context---the algorithms' performance impact must be guaranteed and composable. We then modify a current processor and a memory algorithm to obey these properties. This allows the cross-component problem to be reduced to determine an appropriate (energy-optimal) allocation of the target performance loss (slack) between the two components. We develop such an optimal slack allocation algorithm that exploits the above properties. The result is an efficient cross-component adaptation framework that minimizes the total energy of the processor and memory without exceeding the target performance loss, while substantially leveraging current per-component algorithms. Our experiments show that joint processor and memory adaptation provides significantly more energy savings than adapting either component alone; intelligent slack distribution is specifically effective for highly compute- or memory-intensive applications; and the performance slowdown never exceeds the specification.
Glucose Concentrations in Parotid Fluid and Venous Blood of Patients Attending a Diabetic Clinic<sup>1</sup> (1981)

Measurements of the glucose concentration in venous blood and parotid saliva taken from 31 diabetics attending a diabetic clinic showed values ranging respectively from 3.9 to 19.1 mmol/l and 0.06 to 0.83 mmol/l (means 9.6 mmol/l and 0.32 mmol/l respectively). Linear regression of salivary glucose on blood glucose gave a simple correlation coefficient of 0.18 (NS). Since salivary glucose levels did not reflect blood glucose levels, the possibility of diabetics regulating their metabolic control by the noninvasive technique of monitoring salivary glucose concentrations is not possible.
Microwave Loss in the High-Performance Dielectric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Ba</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>Zn</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ta</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>at 4.2 K (2012)

Temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent measurements of the loss tangent in Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) doped with transition metals (Mn, Ni) are compared to those from samples doped with other impurities (Cd, Ga, Mg, and Zr). These results, combined with pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, show conclusively that microwave loss in transition-metal-doped Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta(2/3))O(3) at cryogenic temperatures is attributable to resonant spin excitations of unpaired transition-metal d electrons in isolated atoms (light doping) or exchange coupled clusters (moderate to high doping), a mechanism that differs from the usual suspects.
Efficacy of Adjunctive Bioactive Materials in the Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018)

Our data suggest that PRF/PRP could be taken as a preferred adjunct to facilitate periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.
Comparative Analysis on Flood Cause in the Nenjiang Basin between 2013 and 1998 (2014)

[Objective]The research aimed to analyze and contrast flood cause in Nenjiang Basin between 2013 and 1998.[Method]Based on meteorological and hydrological data in and around Nenjiang Basin,geographic information system as data processing platform,statistical methods such as synthesis analysis and correlation analysis were combined to contrast and analyze the flood cause in the Nenjiang Basin between 2013 and1998.[Result]The similarities of two floods in Nenjiang Basin were that rainstorm frequency and summer precipitation were more,and many large and medium-sized reservoirs which undertook the flood control task were running above flood level.In order to protect the safety of reservoir dam,flood discharge volume increased.And the difference was external forcing factor which caused atmospheric circulation abnormality,thus the impact factors of summer more rainfall were not the same.The main reason for more precipitation in Nenjiang Basin in summer of 2013:The northeast cold vortex activity was frequent,and the path was by north;water vapor transport was sufficient at 850 hPa;at 500 hPa,the Eurasian zonal circulation was weak,the West Pacific subtropical high pressure abnormally moved northward,blocking high of the Sea of Okhotsk was obvious,and Heilongjiang region was controlled by negative anomaly in midsummer;East Asian westerly jet location was abnormal at 200 hPa,and East Asian summer monsoon was strong.[Conclusion]The research had very important significance for understanding occurrence rule of flood and improving disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities in Nenjiang Basin.
Intraarterial therapy of human glioma xenografts in athymic rats using 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. (1993)

The addition of chemotherapy, notably using nitrosoureas, in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme has resulted in only modest improvements in long-term patient survival over the use of surgical intervention and irradiation alone. Intraarterial (i.a.) chemotherapy offers the potential benefit of increasing tumor drug delivery because of first-pass drug uptake, while minimizing systemic drug levels and toxicity. We have now investigated the i.a. therapy of intracerebral human glioma xenografts in athymic rats with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), a preactivated derivative of cyclophosphamide. Athymic male rats were given intracerebral injections of the human glioma line D-54 MG. On Day 5 after injection, the rats were randomized (n = 8-10) by body weight (mean weight, approximately 300 g). In one set of experiments, each group received either i.v. saline, i.a. saline, 6 mg i.a. 4-HC, 6 mg i.v. 4-HC (6 mg), or 12 mg i.v. 4-HC. Intraarterial 4-HC produced significant increases in median survival (Day 24) compared with i.a. saline controls (140% increase), equivalent doses given i.v. (71% increase), and twice the equivalent dose given i.v. (50% increase) (by Wilcoxon rank sum analysis, P < 0.05 is statistically significant). The i.a. maximum tolerated dose was subsequently determined to be approximately 12.5 mg in non-tumor-bearing rats. Further experiments demonstrated a dose-response increase in survival for i.a. dosages of 6, 9, and 12.5 mg with significant improvement when compared with saline controls and 12.5 mg i.v. Pharmacokinetic experiments also demonstrated a significant first-pass uptake advantage for i.a. (versus i.v.) administered 4-HC. The short plasma half-life and marked antiglioma activity of 4-HC, without the need for hepatic activation, suggest a therapeutic application of this drug in the i.a. treatment of brain tumors.
A Secure Steganographic Algorithm Based on Cellular Automata Using Fibonacci Representation (2013)

This study proposes a steganographic technique based on Cellular Automata using Fibonacci representation. The pixel's color component is decomposed into Fibonacci domain to extend more available bit-planes which can be used in data-hiding. In order to increase the robustness of hidden data against modification attacks, the secret bits are embedded into a higher LSB layer. Nevertheless, the embedding secret bit in the higher LSB layer causes more distortion to cover-image. An adaptive adjustment was applied to minimize the distortion of the cover - image. The security of hidden message is enhanced by employing the Game of life, a cellular automaton, to generate the used key stream for encryption and image pixel selection. By employing the adaptive adjustment, every pixel in the image can be used in the embedding process. Therefore, the capacity of the embedding secret message is the same as classical LSB algorithm. Experimental results show that the existence of hidden message cannot be figured out by the visual or statistically attack and the robustness of hidden data in the stego-image is enhanced.
Glycerol production in subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean and obese humans. (1992)

To estimate the regional subcutaneous glycerol production rate in normal and obese humans, the venous arterialized plasma glycerol, interstitial glycerol in the subcutaneous adipose tissue together with adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF, ml/100 g.min) were measured in the postabsorptive state and for 2 h after ingestion of 100 g of oral glucose. Eight lean and eight obese men with normal oral glucose tolerance tests were investigated with the subcutaneous microdialysis technique and 133Xe clearance. In the postabsorptive state, the interstitial glycerol concentrations in lean and obese subjects were 170 +/- 21 vs. 282 +/- 28 microM (P less than 0.01) and 156 +/- 23 vs. 225 +/- 12 microM (P less than 0.05) in the abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue, respectively. The corresponding arterial glycerol levels were 54 +/- 4 vs. 75 +/- 14 microM (NS). Abdominal ATBF was greater in lean subjects (3.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05), whereas femoral ATBF was similar in both groups (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.7). Estimated mean local glycerol release (mumol/100 g.min) was similar in the lean and obese group (0.16 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.05 and 0.18 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.17 +/- 0.04) in the abdominal and femoral site, respectively. We conclude that glycerol production from the subcutaneous tissue is increased in obesity, irrespective of adipose tissue distribution. This enhancement is due to the increased adipose tissue mass.
Towards a "New" International Terminology for Health: Read ClinicalTerms and SNOMED (2000)

BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, promotes wider social and economic progress through the advancement of information technology science and practice. BCS serve over 68,000 members including practitioners, businesses, academics and students, in the UK and internationally.
Freeze-drying yields stable and pure amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) (2013)

A simple synthetic method is presented for the precipitation of high purity, dry amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) based on freeze-drying saturated, counter ion free CaCO3 solutions, where the ACC produced shows an extended atmospheric stability. Translation of the methodology to amorphous calcium phosphate demonstrates the generality of the approach.
Changes in Testicular Morphology in Boars Actively Immunized Against Gonadotropin Hormone‐Releasing Hormone (1988)

Alterations in testicular morphology were studied in boars actively immunized against gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone (GnRH). Ten boars were divided equally into two experimental groups (five GnRH-immunized, and five controls). Antibody production was achieved by conjugating GnRH to human serum globulin (hSG). The GnRH-hSG conjugate was emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, and administered to boars at 12 weeks of age. Boars were given a booster in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on week 18 and 20. The presence of high antibody titers to GnRH caused luteinizing hormone and testosterone to decline to nondetectable levels. Morphometric examination showed a reduction in percentage volume in Leydig cells/unit testis, seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelial height, and an increase in non-Leydig cell interstitial tissue in GnRH-immunized boars compared with controls. Histologic evaluation displayed severe damage of the seminiferous epithelium, absence of spermatids, incomplete cell associations, disruption of Sertoli cells, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and a striking reduction in size and cytoplasmic structures of Leydig cells in GnRH-immunized animals. These results demonstrate the potent inhibitory effects of GnRH immunoneutralization on the boar reproductive system.
OpaR, a Homolog of <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> LuxR, Controls Opacity of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (1998)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an organism well adapted to communal life on surfaces. When grown on a surface or in a viscous layer, the bacterium induces a large gene system and differentiates to swarmer cells capable of movement over and colonization of surfaces. V. parahaemolyticus displays additional phenotypic versatility manifested as variable colony morphology, switching between translucent and opaque colony types. Although not itself luminescent, V. parahaemolyticus produces autoinducer molecules capable of inducing luminescence in Vibrio harveyi. To examine the role of quorum signaling in the lifestyles of V. parahaemolyticus, the functional homolog of the gene encoding the V. harveyi autoinducer-controlled transcriptional regulatory protein LuxR was cloned. Sequence analysis of the clone predicted an open reading frame with a deduced product 96% identical to LuxR. Introduction of the clone carrying the luxR-like locus into V. parahaemolyticus dramatically affected colony morphology, converting a translucent strain to an opaque one. When the coding sequence for the luxR homolog was placed under the control of the Ptac promoter, conversion to the opaque phenotype became inducible by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Allelic disruption of the luxR-like gene on the chromosome of an opaque strain produced a translucent strain proficient in swarming ability. Primer extension mapping demonstrated opaR transcription in opaque but not translucent cell types. It is postulated that this gene, which has been named opaR, encodes a transcription factor controlling cell type. The underlying genetic basis for opaque-translucent variation may be the consequence of a genomic alteration detected in the opaR locus of opaque and translucent strains.