gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetic Porous Metal–Organic Framework Containing Mixed-Valence [Mn<sup>II</sup><sub>4</sub>Mn<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>(μ<sub>4</sub>-O)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>10+</sup> Units with Catecholase Activity and Selective Gas Adsorption (2012)

A multifunctional porous metal organic framework based on mixed-valence hexa-nuclear [Mn(III)(2)Mn(II)(4)O(2)(pyz)(2)(C(6)H(5)CH(2)COO)(10)] (pyz = pyrazine) units has been synthesized. The complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and variable-temperature magnetic measurements. The structural analysis reveals that the bidentate pyz molecules connect each [Mn(6)] unit to its four [Mn(6)] neighbors through the peripheral Mn(II) centers, giving rise to a three-dimensional (3D) distorted diamond-like porous framework. Variable-temperature (2-300 K) magnetic susceptibility measurements show the presence of dominant antiferromagnetic interactions within the discrete [Mn(6)] cluster that have been fitted with a model containing three exchange constants developed for the complex (J(1) = -8.6 cm(-1), J(2) = -3.9 cm(-1), and J(3) = -100.0 cm(-1)). Using 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol (3,5-DTBC) as the substrate, catecholase activity of the complex has been studied; the turn over number is determined to be of 2547 h(-1) in acetonitrile. This porous compound shows remarkable selectivity for adsorption of CO(2) over N(2) that may be correlated with the effect of window flexibility of the pore to the corresponding adsorbate molecules.
RNA Interference in Functional Genomics and Medicine (2003)

RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-specific gene silencing induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Being a highly specific and efficient knockdown technique, RNAi not only provides a powerful tool for functional genomics but also holds a promise for gene therapy. The key player in RNAi is small RNA (approximately 22-nt) termed siRNA. Small RNAs are involved not only in RNAi but also in basic cellular processes, such as developmental control and heterochromatin formation. The interesting biology as well as the remarkable technical value has been drawing widespread attention to this exciting new field.
Assessing the Impact of Heat Rejection Technology on CSP Plant Revenue: Preprint (2010)

This paper explores the impact of cooling technology on revenue for hybrid-cooled plants with varying wet cooling penetration for four representative locations in the American Southwest. The impact of ACC design-point initial temperature difference (ITD - the difference between the condensing steam temperature and ambient dry-bulb) is also included in the analysis.
Anserine/Carnosine Supplementation Suppresses the Expression of the Inflammatory Chemokine CCL24 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Elderly People (2017)

Our goal was to determine whether anserine/carnosine supplementation (ACS) suppresses chemokine levels in elderly people. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, volunteers were assigned to the ACS or placebo group (1:1). Sixty healthy elderly volunteers (active, <i>n</i> = 30; placebo, <i>n</i> = 30) completed the study. The ACS group was administered 1.0 g of anserine/carnosine (3:1) for 3 months. A microarray analysis and subsequent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed decreased expression of CCL24, an inflammatory chemokine (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Verbal memory, assessed using the Wechsler memory scale-logical memory, was preserved in the ACS group. An age-restricted sub-analysis showed significant verbal memory preservation by ACS in participants who were in their 60s (active, <i>n</i> = 12; placebo, <i>n</i> = 9; <i>p</i> = 0.048) and 70s (active, <i>n</i> = 7; placebo, <i>n</i> = 11; <i>p</i> = 0.017). The suppression of CCL24 expression was greatest in people who were in their 70s (<i>p</i> < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the preservation of verbal memory and suppression of CCL24 expression in the group that was in the 70s (Poisson correlation, <i>r</i> = 0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.05). These results suggest that ACS may preserve verbal episodic memory, probably owing to CCL24 suppression in the blood, especially in elderly participants.
Generating the optimal graph representations from the instruction set tables of circuits (2002)

In existing VLSI high-level synthesis systems, designs usually start from a hardware description language with structural information (such as structured VHDL, ISPS and HardwareC) or graph representations (such as data dependency graphs or control/data flow graphs). However, in most cases, such structured representations already "limit" or "fix" the design space and easily result in unsatisfactory implementations. In this paper a novel transformation technique is proposed to generate an optimal graph representation with structural information for the given instruction set table of a target design which does not contain any structural information and allow maximum flexibility in optimization. We first reorder and partition a given instruction set table, then a graph construction procedure is performed to extract and transform the maximal common operation sets. Finally, the local and global tuning transformations are performed to refine the graph representation. Experimental results show that performing our algorithm to generate the optimal graph representations before starting high-level synthesis tasks indeed produces much better final synthesized implementations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Early clinical experience using donor-derived cell-free DNA to detect rejection in kidney transplant recipients (2019)

Donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) became Medicare reimbursable in the United States in October 2017 for the detection of rejection in kidney transplant recipients based on results from its pivotal validation trial, but it has not yet been externally validated. We assessed 63 adult kidney transplant recipients with suspicion of rejection with dd-cfDNA and allograft biopsy. Of these, 27 (43%) patients had donor-specific antibodies and 34 (54%) were found to have rejection by biopsy. The percentage of dd-cfDNA was higher among patients with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR; median 1.35%; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.10%-1.90%) compared to those with no rejection (median 0.38%, IQR: 0.26%-1.10%; P < .001) and cell-mediated rejection (CMR; median: 0.27%, IQR: 0.19%-1.30%; P = .01). The dd-cfDNA test did not discriminate patients with CMR from those without rejection. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CMR was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.17-0.66). For ABMR, the AUC was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.93) and a dd-cfDNA ≥0.74% yielded a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 71.8%, PPV 68.6%, and NPV 100%. The dd-cfDNA test did not discriminate CMR from no rejection among kidney transplant recipients, although performance characteristics were stronger for the discrimination of ABMR.
A new half cycle ambiguity resolution method for GPS attitude determination system (2000)

In this paper, a fast and practical method to resolve the
half cycle ambiguity is proposed. The method resolves the
half cycle ambiguity by comparing data sequences from
multiple antennas. It is possible to resolve the half cycle
ambiguity within tens of milliseconds using the fact that
demodulated data sequences from multiple antennas are
identical for the same SV (Satellite Vehicle).
The performance of the proposed method is evaluated
using an attitude determination system designed by authors. The designed system consists of four antennas, 4
DSP (48 channels), a microprocessor, memory part and
I/Os. The test results show that the half cycle ambiguity
can be resolved within 20ms and seamless attitude is
obtained.
Three-Dimensional Foot Imaging (2011)

The right fit and point-of-sale comfort are primary factors when purchasing footwear (Cheskin 1987; Chong and Chan 1992; McEvoy 1996; Au and Goonetilleke 2005). Among 420 European consumers, it has been reported that 51.5% of males and 58.8% of females had fit-related issues with footwear (Piller 2002). Ill-fitting footwear contribute toward discomfort, foot deformities, and even injuries (Cavanagh 1980; Cheskin 1987; Clarks 1989) and researchers have been exploring ways to improve the foot-shoe compatibility, and thereby comfort, by investigating foot anthropometrics, biomechanics, and perceptual aspects. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) digitalization technologies (Treleaven 2004) and the development of footwear-specific CAD/CAM systems (Chen 1988; Bao, Soundar, and Yang 1994) are helping the drive toward improving compatibility through the use of mass customization methodologies (Viavor 2007). This chapter is aimed at providing an understanding of foot anthropometry and foot shape, So that they can be built into shoes that are comfortable to wear. A case study of how to design boots is also presented.
MACA: A privacy-preserving multi-factor cloud authentication system utilizing big data (2014)

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an approach to user validation that requires the presentation of two or more authentication factors. Given the popularity of cloud systems, MFA systems become vital in authenticating users. However, MFA approaches are highly intrusive and expose users' sensitive information to untrusted cloud servers that can keep physically identifying elements of users, long after the user ends the relationship with the cloud. To address these concerns in this work, we present a privacy-preserving multi-factor authentication system utilizing the features of big data called MACA. In MACA, the first factor is a password while the second factor is a hybrid profile of user behavior. The hybrid profile is based on users' integrated behavior, which includes both host-based characteristics and network flow-based features. MACA is the first MFA that considers both user privacy and usability combining big data features (26 total configurable features). Furthermore, we adopt fuzzy hashing and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) to protect users' sensitive profiles and to handle the varying nature of the user profiles. We evaluate the performance of our proposed approach through experiments with several public datasets. Our results show that our proposed system can successfully validate legitimate users while detecting impostors.
Oxygen Tension Regulates Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Functions (2015)

The present study investigated and characterized select aspects of the human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) secretome and assessed its in vitro and in vivo biological bioactivity as a function of oxygen tension, specifically near anoxia (0.1% O2) and hypoxia (5% O2), conditions that reflect the environment to which MSCs are exposed during MSC-based therapies in vivo. The present study provided the first evidence of a shift of the hMSC cytokine signature induced by oxygen tension, particularly near anoxia (0.1% O2). Conditioned media obtained from hMSCs cultured under near anoxia exhibited significantly enhanced chemotactic and proangiogenic properties and a significant decrease in the inflammatory mediator content. These findings provide new evidence that elucidates aspects of great importance for the use of MSCs in regenerative medicine, could contribute to improving the efficacy of such therapies, and most importantly highlighted the interest in using conditioned media in therapeutic modalities.
Why network? Theoretical perspectives on networking (2010)

In recent years, networking and collaboration have become increasingly popular in education.However, there is at present a lack of attention to the theoretical basis of networking, which could illuminate when and when not to network and under what conditions networks are likely to be successful.In this paper, we will attempt to sketch the theoretical background to networking drawing on work in sociology, psychology, and business studies and looking at 4 main theoretical frameworks: constructivism, social capital theory, Durkheimian network theory, and the concept of New Social Movements.We will also explore differences between networks on a number of factors such as goals, activities, density, spread, and power relations.
Apoptosis of human hepatic myofibroblasts promotes activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (2002)

Liver fibrosis is potentially reversible after removal of the injurious agent. Fibrosis resolution is characterized by apoptosis of hepatic myofibroblasts and degradation of extracellular matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is involved in matrix remodeling. In the liver, it is synthesized by myofibroblasts, secreted as a proenzyme, and activated by membrane type-MMPs (MT-MMP) such as MT1-MMP. The goal of this work was to determine whether apoptosis induction in human hepatic myofibroblasts modulates the gene expression of MMP-2 and/or its activation by MT1-MMP. Induction of apoptosis by cytochalasin D or C(2)-ceramide did not modulate MMP-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, apoptosis was associated with marked activation of pro-MMP-2, as shown by gelatin zymography, which revealed the presence of the 59-kd active form, whereas untreated cells only expressed the 66-kd proform. SB-203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 (MAPK), selectively abrogated both C(2)-ceramide-induced apoptosis and pro-MMP-2 activation. Apoptosis-induced pro-MMP-2 activation was inhibited by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-2 but not by TIMP-1, implying involvement of an MT-MMP-mediated process. Induction of apoptosis by cytochalasin D and C(2)-ceramide upregulated MT1-MMP protein expression and MT1-MMP mRNA expression. In conclusion, apoptosis of hepatic myofibroblasts induces pro-MMP-2 activation through increased MT1-MMP expression. HEPATOLOGY 2002;36:615-622.)
Isolation and characterization of a flowering plant male gametic cell‐specific promoter <sup>1</sup> (2003)

Flowering plant male gametic cell-specific gene expression has been reported recently but the regulatory elements controlling specificity of such genes expressed in generative cell and sperm cells have not been identified and studied. Here, we report the 0.8 kb promoter sequence upstream of the start of the transcription site of the generative cell-specific gene, LGC1, sufficient to regulate the expression of reporter genes in a cell-specific manner. In addition, the diphtheria toxin A-chain- (DT-A)-coding region under the control of the LGC1 promoter sequence confirmed unequivocally the lack of LGC1 expression in vegetative tissues. Transgenic tobacco plants carrying the LGC1-DT/A construct showed normal phenotype except for anthers of these plants that contained sterile and aborted pollen. Truncation and internal deletion analysis of the LGC1 promoter identified -242 bp as the minimal sequence necessary for male gametic cell-specific expression. In addition, a regulatory sequence required for determining generative cell-specific expression of LGC1 was identified. Deletion of this regulatory sequence led to loss of the generative cell specificity resulting in activation of this promoter in other tissues where it is normally repressed. Therefore, male gametic cell specificity of the LGC1 gene seems to be regulated by factors that suppress its activation in other plant cells. This is the first report of a male gametic cell-specific promoter, hence can be used as a novel tool in molecular analyses and experimental manipulation of flowering plant spermatogenesis and fertilization.
Radiation damage studies of new intrinsically radiation-hard scintillators (2016)

Following the development of intrinsically radiation-hard scintillators, we exposed various scintillators tiles to gammas from a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics up to 1.4 and 14 Mrad. The results are within expectations and exhibit sufficiently high performance for implementations in the future/upgrade hadron/lepton collider detectors. Here we report on the nature of the irradiation tests and present the results of the laboratory measurements performed continuously for more than 60 days following the irradiation under various recovery conditions.
Infrared investigations of sulfonated ionomer membranes. I. Water–alcohol compositions and counterions effects (1992)

Abstract FT‐IR spectra of Nafion 117, Raipore 1010, and PESS membranes loaded with different alkaline counterions and equilibrated with different liquid media were recorded by means of the attenuated total reflectance technique. The antisymmetric ( v as ) and especially the symmetric stretching vibrations ( v s ) of the sulfonate groups are affected by the presence of solvents in its local chemical environment. In the dry membrane the smaller the bare counterion, the higher the frequency of the symmetric vibration and the stronger the sulfonate‐counterion interactions in the contacting ion pair. After equilibration with pure water, ethanol, and 2‐propanol, the v s vibration shifts to a constant value corresponding to the solvated sulfonic grouping in the case of Nafion‐Li + membrane. In the cases of PESS‐Li + and Raipore‐Li + membrane only water can cause a similar shift. The greater affinity of the Nafion membrane to alcohols can be attributed to the stronger acidity of the corresponding sulfonic acid. In water‐alcohol mixtures the variation of v s with water content indicates that the ion pairs in the PESS‐Li + membrane are progressively dissociated and solvated by increasing amounts of water in 2‐propanol. Complete dissociation occurs at about 9 wt % water. Smaller shifts are observed with bigger cations, due to the weaker sulfonate‐cation interactions.
Is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease an independent predictor for adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 patients? (2020)

We found that pre-existing COPD was an independent risk factor for predicting the adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
Adaptive feature set updating algorithm for multimodal biometrics (2009)

Multimodal Biometrics is an emerging domain in biometric technology where we combine more than one biometric trait to improve the performance. Here we propose a new concept that can be used in designing future multimodal biometrics systems which can adapt to the change in the biometrics features like face, voice, signature, and gait over the time or any other factor without compromising the security. We adapt to the change in biometric features by updating feature set without re-enrollment of entire set. This technique requires use of at least one biometric feature which has very low variance or high degree of permanence, like Fingerprint, Iris, Retina etc. This algorithm can address the problem of false rejection caused by sustained change in biometric features due to aging or any other factor without the need of re-enrollment of feature set. We suggest architecture of Multimodal biometric system implementing this algorithm.
Transformation Optics and Subwavelength Control of Light (2012)

Our intuitive understanding of light has its foundation in the ray approximation and is intimately connected with our vision. As far as our eyes are concerned, light behaves like a stream of particles. We look inside the wavelength and study the properties of plasmonic structures with dimensions of just a few nanometers, where at a tenth or even a hundredth of the wavelength of visible light the ray picture fails. We review the concept of transformation optics that manipulates electric and magnetic field lines, rather than rays; can provide an equally intuitive understanding of subwavelength phenomena; and at the same time can be an exact description at the level of Maxwell's equations.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: time to change the concept (2013)

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases that, although unified by a number of characteristics, require a differential thera- peutic approach. Current review discusses key pathogenic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus that determine therapy goals and options in management. We further enunciate and pathogenetically substantiate a new "gravicentric" concept for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that differs in many ways from the common contemporary approach.
History of Atmospheric Lead Deposition Since 12,370 <sup>14</sup> C yr BP from a Peat Bog, Jura Mountains, Switzerland (1998)

A continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 carbon-14 years before the present (14C yr BP) is preserved in a Swiss peat bog. Enhanced fluxes caused by climate changes reached their maxima 10, 590 (14)C yr BP (Younger Dryas) and 8230 (14)C yr BP. Soil erosion caused by forest clearing and agricultural tillage increased lead deposition after 5320 (14)C yr BP. Increasing lead/scandium and decreasing lead-206/lead-207 beginning 3000 (14)C yr BP indicate the beginning of lead pollution from mining and smelting, and anthropogenic sources have dominated lead emissions ever since. The greatest lead flux (15.7 milligrams per square meter per year in A.D. 1979) was 1570 times the natural, background value (0.01 milligram per square meter per year from 8030 to 5320 (14)C yr BP).
Compared performances of four algorithms used for modulation thermography (1998)

A theoretical analysis is presented about the performances of a series of four different algorithms for modulation thermography: standard lock-in method, 4-bucket method, variance method and leastsquares method. The precision on the amplitude and on the phase lag is evaluated versus the number of integrated images; depending on the input noise level, on the actual signal amplitude and on the quantisation level.
Double thermo-responsive hydrogels from poly(vinylcaprolactam) containing diblock and triblock copolymers (2014)

The thermally-induced gelation and gel properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of double thermoresponsive poly(<italic>N</italic>-vinylamide)-based di- and triblock copolymers are studied by rheology.
Size-dependent internalisation of folate-decorated nanoparticles via the pathways of clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis in ARPE-19 cells (2013)

Increased uptake rate of folate-decorated NPs into RPE cells is observed with increasing degree of folate modification. These NPs utilize both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways to enter RPE cells upon size variation. The 50 nm NPs are internalized the fastest, with clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the preferred route. Uptake of 250 nm particles is the slowest and is dominated by caveolae-mediated endocytosis.
The Role of Endocytic Recycling in Autoimmunity (2012)

Abnormalities in T cell signal transduction underlie pathology in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus T cells are more sensitive to stimulation, yet have reduced expression of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) at the surface. The amount of TCR expressed at the surface of a T cell directly determines the ability of a T cell to become activated. The endocytic recycling machinery regulates transport of T cell receptors to the plasma membrane, internalization of surface receptors, and recycling to the cell surface, which determines the ability of a T cell to become activated. Increased recycling of CD3 and CD4 receptors occurs in lupus T cells, and could represent a mechanism by which T cells are sensitized to stimulation. This chapter explains methods used to investigate endocytic recycling of the TCR, CD4, and CD8 co-receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes, T cells, and in splenocytes from lupus-prone murine models. The assays described will allow the study of surface receptor turnover in live untouched lymphocytes by flow cytometry.