gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic response of large tilt-angle flexoelectro-optic liquid crystal modulators (2019)

We present here the first time-resolved tilt-angle and retardance measurements for large-tilt (>45°) flexoelectro-optic liquid crystal modulators. These devices have potential for next generation fast switching (>1 kHz), 0-2π analog phase spatial light modulators (SLMs), with applications in optical beamsteering, microscopy and micromachining. The chiral nematic device used consisted of a mixture of CBC7CB and the chiral dopant R5011 in a nominally 5 µm-thick cell, aligned in the uniform lying helix mode. As the device is dynamically switched over angles of ± 54°, retardance changes of up to 0.17λ are observed. Furthermore, the time-resolved measurements reveal an asymmetry in the tilt in the optic-axis depending on the polarity of the applied electric field. The change in the optic-axis exhibits a pattern dependence, whereby it is determined by both the pulse history and the applied field. This pattern dependence results in tilt-angle errors of up to 8.8°, which could manifest as phase errors as large as 35.2° in potential SLMs. These time domain measurements may allow correction of these deterministic errors, to realize practical devices.
Spray Method for Organic Electroluminescent Device Fabrication (2002)

We have investigated a spray method for organic electroluminescent device (OELD) fabrication, which is suitable for simple device fabrication and has the merits of large-area production and short tact time. The mean roughness of the film surface was 50 Å. For polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz)-based devices, current–voltage characteristics of the device depend on the dopant materials, and luminance of 1,910 cd/m2 was obtained for the single-layered device with coumarin 6 used as the dopant material.
An Antiviral Soluble Form of the LDL Receptor Induced by Interferon (1993)

Interferons, which induce several intracellular antiviral proteins, also induce an extracellular soluble protein that inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. This 28-kilodalton soluble protein was purified to homogeneity and identified by protein sequencing as the ligand-binding domain of the human 160-kilodalton low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The existence of an antiviral soluble LDLR was confirmed by immunoaffinity chromatography with monoclonal antibody to LDLR. This soluble receptor mediates most of the interferon-triggered antiviral activity against VSV, apparently by interfering with virus assembly or budding, and not by inhibiting virus attachment to cells.
High-Efficiency, High Average Power, Multiple Beam Inductive Output Tubes (2020)

The development of high efficiency, Multiple Beam Inductive Output Tubes (IOTs) with efficiencies greater than 80% would substantially reduce the operating costs of next-generation particle accelerators. We discuss the development of a multiple-beam IOT that employs a third harmonic drive component on the grid to achieve efficiencies greater than 80%. We discuss a novel input coupler, grid design, and simulation of the output cavity. This presents a path forward to the design and production of such high efficiency IOTs.
An ultra-high <i>Q</i> silicon compound cantilever resonator for Young's modulus measurements (2013)

We describe the design of ultra-high Q mechanical cantilever resonators, fabricated from single-crystal silicon wafers. The mechanical resonance mode at f ≈ 8.5 kHz achieves a background damping of Q(-1) </~ 2 × 10(-8) at temperatures below 30 K, which is equal to that of a successful silicon torsional resonator with which the cantilever resonator shares several design elements. The new resonator can be used for accurate measurements of the Young's modulus and internal friction of thin films. It is compatible with both the mounting apparatus and measurement electronics of the torsional resonator, and the two resonators together can be used to provide a complete description of the elastic properties of isotropic thin films.
Efficient Software H.264/AVC to HEVC Transcoding on Distributed Multicore Processors (2014)

The latest High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard achieves a significant compression efficiency improvement over the H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard, but with a much higher computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for software-based H.264/AVC to HEVC transcoding, integrated with tools such as wavefront parallel processing that are useful for achieving higher levels of parallelism on multicore processors and distributed systems. By utilizing information extracted from the input H.264/AVC bitstream, the transcoding process can be greatly accelerated with a visual quality loss that is modest for many applications. Based on the HEVC HM 14.0 reference software and using standard HEVC test bitstreams, the proposed transcoder can achieve up to 60× speedup on a Quad Core 8-thread server over decoding-re-encoding based on FFMPEG and the HM software with a BD-rate loss of 15%-20%. By implementing a group of picture-level task distribution on a distributed system with nine processing units, the proposed software transcoder can achieve a speed for transcoding 720 p at 30 Hz in real time.
Human salivary MUC7 mucin peptides: effect of size, charge and cysteine residues on antifungal activity (2003)

We have previously shown that MUC7 (human salivary low-molecular-mass mucin) 20-mer: LAHQKPFIRKSYKCLHKRCR (residues 32-51 of the parent MUC7, with a net positive charge of 7) possesses a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity [Bobek and Situ (2003) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47, 645-652]. The aims of the present study were to determine the minimum peptide chain length and its location within the 20-mer region that retains potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans and to examine the effect of net charge of the peptide as well as the role of cysteine residues on the fungicidal activity. First, several C-terminal truncated MUC7 20-mer fragments (16-mer, 12-mer, 11-mer, 10-mer and 8-mer) and one N-terminal fragment (8-mer-N) were synthesized and tested. The results showed that MUC7 12-mer, located at the C-terminal region of MUC7 20-mer, having a net charge of +6 and exhibiting an amphipathic helical conformation, not only retained but exceeded the antifungal activity of that of 20-mer. Secondly, several variants of the 12-mer peptide containing a lower or no net positive charge, or no cysteine residues were synthesized and tested. A clear correlation between the net positive charge of the 12-mer, its potency and initial interaction of peptide with fungal cells was found by killing assays, fluorescence microscopy and fungal cell-membrane potential measurements. Furthermore, cysteine residues, which play a critical role in bacterial binding, were found to be not important for the fungicidal activity of these peptides. These results identified MUC7 12-mer as a potential candidate for development into a novel antifungal therapeutic agent.
Elastic, Superporous Hydrogel Hybrids of Polyacrylamide and Sodium Alginate (2006)

A novel approach was developed to prepare a superporous hydrogel with superior mechanical and elastic properties. According to this method, a synthetic monomer was polymerized and crosslinked in the presence of a water-soluble alginate polymer. Later in the process, the alginate part of the synthesized hydrogel was treated with metal cations, which resulted in a hydrogel hybrid with an interpenetrating network structure. In this article, a hydrogel hybrid of acrylamide and alginate is highlighted because of its unique swelling and mechanical properties. This hydrogel hybrid shows resilience and a rubbery property in its fully water-swollen state, which not previously been reported. To help understand the underlying mechanism responsible for such unique properties with hydrogel hybrids, the ionotropic gelation of the alginate polymer was also studied in more detail.
Wireline Source-Rock Evaluation in the Paris Basin: Chapter 5 (1990)

Souce-rock identification and quantification using wireline logs and interpretation techniques are examined for a well in the Paris Basin which penetrates the organic-rich lower Toarcian shale. An 18-m interval of the source rock was cored and logged with the Gamma Ray Spectrometry Tool (GST (FOOTNOTE *)) and Litho-Density (FOOTNOTE *) tool in order to determine the total organic carbon content (TOC). The GST carbon/oxygen ratio and calcium log are incorporated into a new interpretation which treats the formation as a mixture of solid, fluid, and kerogen. This analysis yields a carbon log with concentrations ranging from 4 to 11% and a total organic carbon log ranging from 2 to 6.5 %, both of which are in excellent agreement with core data. Of four discriminant functions reviously proposed for source-rock identification from conventional logs, only one correctly identifies the interval as a source rock; two others only identify intervals with total organic carbon (TOC) greater than 6%.
Moving Vehicle Registration and Super-Resolution (2007)

We describe a method for registering and super-resolving moving vehicles from aerial surveillance video. The challenge of vehicle super-resolution lies in the fact that vehicles may be very small and thus frame-to-frame registration does not offer enough constraints to yield registration with sub-pixel accuracy. To overcome this, we first register the large-scale image backgrounds and then, relative to the background registration, register the small-scale moving vehicle over all frames simultaneously using a vehicle motion model. To solve for the vehicle motion parameters we optimize a cost function that incorporates both vehicle appearance and background appearance consistency. Once this process accurately registers a moving vehicle, it is super-resolved. We apply both a frequency domain and a spatial domain approach. The frequency domain approach can be used when the final registered vehicle motion is well approximated by shifts in the image plane. The robust regularized spatial domain approach handles all cases of vehicle motion.
High performance Ge/Si avalanche photodiode (2015)

We review our recent development of germanium on silicon avalanche photodiodes (Ge/Si APDs). Our Ge/Si APDs, manufactured by a standard CMOS commercial foundry, satisfy the requirements of various optical communication systems from 10Gb/s to 25Gb/s.
<title>Optimal control of distributed actuator and sensor arrays</title> (1998)

We consider optimal H<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>(infinity</SUB> ) control design problems for distributed parameter systems with large arrays of sensors and actuators. We assume that the actuator and sensor array forms a regular lattice, and that the underlying dynamics have a property of spatial invariance with respect to shifts in the lattice. We show how Fourier transforms over the spatial domain reduces the optimization to a family of standard, finite-dimensional problems over spatial frequency. The solutions are then obtained by parameterized families of matrix algebraic Riccati equations. Such optimal controllers have a natural decentralized and separation structure which we analyze.
New oligoethylene glycol linkers for the surface modification of an ultra-high frequency acoustic wave biosensor (2010)

This work describes the application of acoustic wave technology for the real-time and label-free detection of biotin–avidin interactions. Biosensing surfaces are constructed onto unelectroded piezoelectric quartz discs as functionalizable mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAM) produced from previously unreported linker and diluent molecules. Biotinthiol can subsequently be immobilized for detection purposes in a straightforward and coupling-free manner. Specific and non-specific adsorptions of avidin are measured at ultra-high frequencies (1.06 and 0.82 GHz) with an electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor (EMPAS) using micromolar avidin-spiked buffer solutions. These biosensing surfaces, especially the oligoethylene glycol SAM-based variety, display high specificity for avidin, with moderate to excellent reproducibility. This preliminary work constitutes the first application of SAM chemistry and EMPAS technology in the bioanalytical field.
Broadband acoustic-source localization using passive sonar via multitask learning (2014)

Passive sonar is an attractive technology for underwater acoustic-source localization that enables the localization system to conceal its presence and does not perturb the maritime environment. Notwithstanding its appeal, passive-sonar-based localization is challenging due to the complexities of underwater acoustic propagation. Different from alternatives based on matched-field processing whose localization performance severely deteriorate when localizing multiple sources and when faced with model mismatch, this work casts the broadband underwater acoustic-source localization problem as a multitask learning (MTL) problem, thereby enabling robust and high-resolution localization. Here, each task refers to a sparse signal approximation problem over a single frequency. MTL provides an elegant framework for exchanging information across the individual regression problems and constructing an aggregate (across frequencies) source localization map. The localization problem is formulated as a stochastic least-squares optimization problem with a group sparsity constraint enforcing a common support across frequency maps. Efficient algorithms based on block coordinate descent are developed for solving the localization problem. Predictor screening rules are also developed to further reduce the computational complexity of the proposed method. Numerical tests on real data illustrate and compare the localization performance of the proposed algorithm to that of competitive alternatives.
A Current-Reference-Based Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation PWM Technique to Improve the Performance of Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Active Rectifiers (2016)

In this paper, a selective harmonic current mitigation pulsewidth modulation (SHCM-PWM) technique with low switching frequencies is proposed for grid-connected cascaded H-bridge multilevel rectifiers to fully meet harmonic requirements within extended harmonic spectrum. In the proposed technique, instead of using the voltage references to calculate switching angles for the rectifier as in conventional selective harmonic elimination-PWM (SHE-PWM) or selective harmonic mitigation-PWM (SHM-PWM), current references are used to compensate the current harmonics due to both grid voltage harmonics and rectifier input voltage harmonics so as to meet the current harmonic requirements and total demand distortion within the whole harmonic spectrum. Furthermore, the techniques to design the critical parameters including switching frequency, the highest harmonic order that can be mitigated using the proposed current-reference-based technique, and the coupling inductance that can attenuate the current harmonic orders above the highest order are investigated. With the same switching frequency, the proposed SHCM-PWM technique uses smaller coupling inductance to meet higher orders of current harmonic requirements than the conventional SHE-PWM technique. Finally, simulations and experiments were conducted to validate the proposed technique.
Serological Profile of Torque Teno Sus Virus Species 1 (TTSuV1) in Pigs and Antigenic Relationships between Two TTSuV1 Genotypes (1a and 1b), between Two Species (TTSuV1 and -2), and between Porcine and Human Anelloviruses (2012)

The family Anelloviridae includes human and animal torque teno viruses (TTVs) with extensive genetic diversity. The antigenic diversity among anelloviruses has never been assessed. Using torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) as a model, we describe here the first investigation of the antigenic relationships among different anelloviruses. Using a TTSuV genotype 1a (TTSuV1a) or TTSuV1b enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the respective putative ORF1 capsid antigen and TTSuV1-specific real-time PCR, the combined serological and virological profile of TTSuV1 infection in pigs was determined and compared with that of TTSuV2. TTSuV1 is likely not associated with porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), because both the viral loads and antibody levels were not different between affected and unaffected pigs and because there was no synergistic effect of concurrent PCV2/TTSuV1 infections. We did observe a higher correlation of IgG antibody levels between anti-TTSuV1a and -TTSuV1b than between anti-TTSuV1a or -1b and anti-TTSuV2 antibodies in these sera, implying potential antigenic cross-reactivity. To confirm this, rabbit antisera against the putative capsid proteins of TTSuV1a, TTSuV1b, or TTSuV2 were generated, and the antigenic relationships among these TTSuVs were analyzed by an ELISA and by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using PK-15 cells transfected with one of the three TTSuV ORF1 constructs. The results demonstrate antigenic cross-reactivity between the two genotypes TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b but not between the two species TTSuV1a or -1b and TTSuV2. Furthermore, an anti-genogroup 1 human TTV antiserum did not react with any of the three TTSuV antigens. These results have important implications for an understanding of the diversity of anelloviruses as well as for the classification and vaccine development of TTSuVs.
Nanostructured Lithium Manganese Oxide Cathodes Obtained by a Reduction of Aqueous Lithium Permanganate with Hydrogen (2003)

Nanostructured lithium manganese oxides have been synthesized by reducing aqueous lithium permanganate with hydrogen gas at 60°C in the presence and absence of lithium hydroxide followed by firing in vacuum at 250°C. The oxides have been characterized by wet-chemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and density measurements. The Li/Mn ratio in the samples increases from 0.47 to 1.09 with increasing amount of lithium hydroxide in the synthesis medium. X-ray diffraction indicates the sample to have spinel- or -like structures. The samples exhibit high capacities of 250-300 mAh/g at 4-1.5 V with good rate capability in lithium cells. The capacity retention and the charge efficiency of the cathodes improve with increasing lithium content. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Emulsion-polymerized flexible semi-conducting CNCs–PANI–DBSA nanocomposite films (2016)

Flexible, organic electronics for sustainable technologies.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing Based on Pulse-Coding Phase-Sensitive OTDR (2018)

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR), which utilizes the phase information of Rayleigh scattered lightwave inside optical fiber, could turn a fiber cable into a massive sensor array for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), i.e., an emerging infrastructure for Internet of Things. Given a certain fiber length, there are tradeoffs among the sensing bandwidth, the sensitivity, and the spatial resolution. In this paper, the concept of linearization and Golay pulse-coding for heterodyne Φ-OTDR are proposed and experimentally verified for the first time. First, we gave a full theoretical treatment on how an intensity-coded yet phase-retrieved Φ-OTDR can be built up as a fully linear system, therefore a significant enhancement of signal-to-noise ratio becomes viable and the sensing bandwidth equals the four-times averaging case. Second in the proof-of-concept experiment, submeter gauge length and nanostrain resolution were realized with 10 km sensing range, in other words, more than ten thousand sensitive sensing units were realized along the fiber. This paper makes a significant step toward high-performance DAS with orders-of-magnitude performance enhancement.
<title>Advances in two-mode optical fiber sensors incorporating photoinduced refractive index gratings</title> (1993)

The effects of such parameters as exposure time, exposure power, and elevated temperature exposure on the growth and performance of photoinduced two-mode gratings are presented. We also present the results of an investigation into the possibility of utilizing the two polarization axes of an elliptical-core two-mode fiber to monitor two vibration modes simultaneously with one optical fiber. Two separate gratings are written onto a separate axis of a single two-mode fiber. Each polarization will be used to monitor a different vibration mode of a thin cantilever beam. The effects of the formation of a second grating on the performance of the first grating are investigated, and results are presented. These results will determine the feasibility of using the two polarization axes to monitor two vibrational modes of a structure.
Targeting collagen strands by photo-triggered triple-helix hybridization (2012)

Collagen remodeling is an integral part of tissue development, maintenance, and regeneration, but excessive remodeling is associated with various pathologic conditions. The ability to target collagens undergoing remodeling could lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics as well as applications in regenerative medicine; however, such collagens are often degraded and denatured, making them difficult to target with conventional approaches. Here, we present caged collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that can be photo-triggered to fold into triple helix and bind to collagens denatured by heat or by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) digestion. Peptide-binding assays indicate that the binding is primarily driven by stereo-selective triple-helical hybridization between monomeric CMPs of high triple-helical propensity and denatured collagen strands. Photo-triggered hybridization allows specific staining of collagen chains in protein gels as well as photo-patterning of collagen and gelatin substrates. In vivo experiments demonstrate that systemically delivered CMPs can bind to collagens in bones, as well as prominently in articular cartilages and tumors characterized by high MMP activity. We further show that CMP-based probes can detect abnormal bone growth activity in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. This is an entirely new way to target the microenvironment of abnormal tissues and could lead to new opportunities for management of numerous pathologic conditions associated with collagen remodeling and high MMP activity.
Rotavirus serotypes: classification and importance in epidemiology, immunity, and vaccine development. (2000)

The development and implementation of safe and effective vaccines to prevent the enormous health burden of rotavirus-associated disease is a global public health goal. Human rotaviruses, the major aetiological agents of severe infantile diarrhoea worldwide, display surprisingly diverse and complex serotypic specificities. Ten VP7 serotypes and 7 VP4 serotypes have so far been detected. An increasing number of observations, obtained from analyses of (i) natural rotavirus infections in infants and young children, (ii) experimental rotavirus infections in laboratory animals, and (iii) extensive rotavirus vaccine field trials performed in different populations of various parts of the world, appears to support the concept that serotype-specific antibodies to rotaviruses play an important role in protection against rotavirus-associated illnesses. Thus, the first licensed rotavirus vaccine (RRV-based quadrivalent vaccine) was designed to cover the epidemiologically important VP7 serotype 1, 2, 3, and 4.