gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nebulization of RNS60 Attenuates the Adoptive Transfer of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Mice: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis (P5.313) (2016)

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic human demyelinating disorder of the CNS with an autoimmune connection. In spite of extensive research on the pathogenesis of MS, developing safe and effective therapies has been a challenge. Therefore, the search for a novel and effective therapeutic approach against MS is an important area of research. Background: RNS60 is a bioactive aqueous solution generated by subjecting normal saline to a process involving Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. RNS60 is proposed to contain charge-stabilized nanostructures (CSNs) consisting of an oxygen nanobubble core surrounded by an electrical double-layer at the liquid/gas interface. RNS60, administered through intraperitoneal injection, ameliorated clinical symptoms and disease progression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. To test a clinically more desirable mode of administration, we tested whether inhalation of nebulized RNS60 attenuates EAE in mice. Methods: RR-EAE was induced in female SJL/J mice by adoptive transfer of MBP-primed T cells. Mice were treated with nebulized RNS60 or saline control from the onset of acute phase using a DSI nose only inhalation tower. Results: Inhalation of RNS60 attenuated clinical symptoms of adoptively-transferred RR- EAE in female SJL/J mice (n=5/group). Histological studies revealed that RNS60 inhalation effectively inhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and demyelination in the CNS of EAE mice. On the immunomodulatory front, inhalation of RNS60 to EAE mice led to the enrichment of anti-autoimmune regulatory T cells (Tregs). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that inhalation of RNS60 can suppress the disease process of EAE. These results describe a potential new treatment option for MS patients and fuel interest in understanding anti-autoimmune immunomodulatory effects of CSNs. This study has been supported by Revalesio Corporation, Tacoma, WA.
Fibre grating pressure sensor with enhanced sensitivityusing a glass-bubble housing (1996)

A fibre Bragg grating pressure sensor with enhanced sensitivity has been demonstrated, using a grating housed in a glass bubble. This configuration increases the pressure sensitivity and effectively reduces the thermal crosstalk by a factor of 4. A pressure resolution of 0.5% over a full measurement range of 14 MPa has been achieved. This concept could lead to a range of sensors using fibre gratings with mechanical amplifiers to enhance sensitivity.
System for Cleavable Fc Fusion Proteins Using Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) Protease (2001)

We describe a novel Fc fusion protein system that can be cleaved by tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. This system is desirable because it takes advantage of the high specificity of TEV protease and its activity at 4 degrees C. We produced two TEV-Fc fusion proteins that contain the first three Ig domains and all six Ig domains of the cell adhesion molecule L1. Both proteins were efficiently cleaved by TEV protease at 4 degrees C. Functional analysis of the cleavage products in neurite outgrowth assays showed they had similar activities to their parental Fc fusion proteins. Therefore, TEV-Fc fusion proteins may increase the utility and flexibility of the Fc fusion protein system.
Printed circuit board metal powder filters for low electron temperatures (2013)

We report the characterisation of printed circuit boards (PCB) metal powder filters and their influence on the effective electron temperature which is as low as 22 mK for a quantum dot in a silicon MOSFET structure in a dilution refrigerator. We investigate the attenuation behaviour (10 MHz-20 GHz) of filter made of four metal powders with a grain size below 50 μm. The room-temperature attenuation of a stainless steel powder filter is more than 80 dB at frequencies above 1.5 GHz. In all metal powder filters, the attenuation increases with temperature. Compared to classical powder filters, the design presented here is much less laborious to fabricate and specifically the copper powder PCB-filters deliver an equal or even better performance than their classical counterparts.
Fetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. III. Defect in differentiation from BFU-E to CFU-E during early development (1978)

Erythroid progenitor cells in +/+ and Sl/Sld fetal livers manifested as burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-E) were assayed in vitro during early development. The proportion of BFU-E was higher as mutant than in normal fetal livers. On the other hand, the proportion of CFU-E was less in the mutant than in the normal. These results suggest that the defect in Sl/Sld fetal hepatic erythropoiesis is expressed at the steps of differentiation that effect the transition from BFU-E to CFU-E.
Tribology of diamond-like carbon films: recent progress and future prospects (2006)

International audience
Cell refractive index for cell biology and disease diagnosis: past, present and future (2015)

Cell refractive index is a key biophysical parameter, which has been extensively studied. It is correlated with other cell biophysical properties including mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and not only represents the intracellular mass and concentration of a cell, but also provides important insight for various biological models. Measurement techniques developed earlier only measure the effective refractive index of a cell or a cell suspension, providing only limited information on cell refractive index and hence hindering its in-depth analysis and correlation. Recently, the emergence of microfluidic, photonic and imaging technologies has enabled the manipulation of a single cell and the 3D refractive index of a single cell down to sub-micron resolution, providing powerful tools to study cells based on refractive index. In this review, we provide an overview of cell refractive index models and measurement techniques including microfluidic chip-based techniques for the last 50 years, present the applications and significance of cell refractive index in cell biology, hematology, and pathology, and discuss future research trends in the field, including 3D imaging methods, integration with microfluidics and potential applications in new and breakthrough research areas.
A Multiple Secret Sharing Scheme based on Matrix Projection (2009)

In [3], Bai et al. have proposed a multiple secret sharing scheme based on matrix projection. It is an elegant scheme with several advantages such as small share size and dynamic to secret changes. However,one of its disadvantages is that the secrets are organized in a square matrix and hence the number of secrets must be a square. So there is often a necessity to stuff dummy secrets into the secret matrix if the number of secrets is not a square.We present a new scheme based on matrix projection method that can share any number of secrets and make full use of every element of the secret matrix. The proposed scheme is as secure as Bai's scheme. Besides, the proposed scheme can also take advantage of the proactive characteristic of the matrix projection method to update shares periodically to improve security. Our scheme increases the potential range of the threshold. The increment of the threshold range is even more when we are using the proactive feature of the scheme. It also further reduces the share size to a constant (equal to that of a single secret). As with Bai's scheme, our scheme is partially verifiable based on the properties of the projection matrix. The paper also summarizes and classifies typical existing secret sharing schemes.
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (2010)

Aims and editorial policy
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dieteticsis an 
international peer reviewed journal publishing 
papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are 
therefore welcomed on:
•Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic 
dietetics
•Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology
•Health promotion and intervention studies and 
their effectiveness
•Food choice and the psychology of eating 
behaviour
•Food intake and nutritional status
•Sociology of food intake
Ventilator-induced respiratory muscle weakness (2010)

Clinicians have long been aware that substantial lung injury results when mechanical ventilation imposes too much stress on the pulmonary parenchyma. Evidence is accruing that substantial injury may also result when the ventilator imposes too little stress on the respiratory muscles. Through adjustment of ventilator settings and administration of pharmacotherapy it is possible to render the respiratory muscles almost (or completely) inactive. Research in animals has shown that diaphragmatic inactivity produces severe injury and atrophy of muscle fibers. Human data have recently revealed that 18 to 69 hours of complete diaphragmatic inactivity associated with mechanical ventilation decreased the cross-sectional areas of diaphragmatic fibers by half or more. The atrophic injury appears to result from increased oxidative stress leading to activation of protein-degradation pathways. Scientific understanding of ventilator-induced respiratory muscle injury has not reached the stage where it is possible to undertake meaningful controlled trials and thus it is not possible to render concrete recommendations for patient management. In the meantime, clinicians are advised to select ventilator settings that avoid both excessive patient effort and also excessive respiratory muscle rest. The contour of the airway pressure waveform on a ventilator screen provides the most practical indication of patient effort, and clinicians are advised to pay close attention to the waveform as they titrate ventilator settings. Research on ventilator-induced respiratory muscle injury is in its infancy and portends to be an exciting area to follow.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Bipolar Charge-Carrier Transport and Recombination in Disordered Organic Semiconductor Devices at Low Voltages (2018)

The development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) requires simulation methods that can predictively model all electro-optical processes. Here three-dimensional (3D) kinetic Monte Carlo simulation is the ``gold standard'', but the method is computationally inefficient for OLEDs at low voltages. To address this regime, the authors present a 3D master-equation model that accurately includes carrier recombination, making simulation at low voltages feasible.
Simultaneous Source Designature and Receiver Deghosting in the Joint Shot-receiver Domain (2016)

Summary The success of any broadband survey is dependent upon the accuracy with which acquisition and environmental factors are compensated for in processing. Such compensation ideally involves directional source designature and deghosting along with receiver deghosting. Traditionally, receiver deghosting is applied in the shot domain, and directional designature in the receiver domain. We introduce an algorithm working in the joint shot-receiver domain that simultaneously corrects for source and receiver side effects in a single process. The algorithm is shown to produce broadband results with improved spatial consistency compared with sequential directional designature and receiver deghosting on a North Sea dataset.
An Intraoral Self‐Contained Artificial Larynx (1982)

It has been estimated that approximately one third to one half of persons undergoing total laryngectomy do not obtain a satisfactory voice. These patients remain aphonic or use artificial larynges to facilitate their communication. A multidisciplinary group at Thomas Jefferson University has developed a miniaturized artificial larynx that fits on a dental prosthesis or dental plate which has over a 100-dB sound pressure level output at the source and is powered by two hearing aid batteries with a life expectancy of over 100 hours of continuous use. Clinical trials have shown that persons using other artificial devices quickly adapt to this new artificial larynx, and the first person who began using the device, an Italian, commented that he could now use both hands; and felt that this was a great help because of his ethnic background.
Wound care nursing : a patient-centred approach (1997)

1. Assessing the normal and abnormal 2. Assessing and planning individualized care 3. Principles of wound interventions 4. Wound care in the baby and young child 5. Wound care in teenagers 6. Wound care in adults 7. Wound care in the middle-aged individual 8. Wound care in the elderly individual with a pressure sore 9. Wound care in the elderly individual with leg ulceration and malignancy 10. Ways of evaluating care Appendix Glossary Specialist journals and useful addresses Index
Visual Attention Model Aided Non-Uniform Asymmetric Coding of Stereoscopic Video (2014)

Owing to its wide-interoperability, stereoscopic 3D video format in High Definition (HD) is a popular choice for 3D entertainment media distribution. However, the delivery over bandwidth constrained networks exhibits challenges in terms of intermittent congestions in the network traffic, which enforce the delivery system to perform perception-aware coding to save bandwidth. In the scope of stereoscopic 3D video, asymmetric quality adaptation has proved to be an effective method in terms of maintaining the perceived quality while reducing the required transmission bandwidth. On the other hand, Region-Of-Interest (ROI) based coding in accordance with the visual attention cues, which offers non-uniform quality assignment to regions of different saliency levels has not been widely studied in combination with asymmetric coding of stereoscopic 3D video. In this work, the effectiveness of using visual attention aided non-uniform asymmetric 3D video coding is explored. The importance of incorporating compression artefacts in the formulation of visual attention model is also revealed. The discussions in this paper are based on a comprehensive subjective test with 8 stereoscopic video sequences of different spatial and temporal characteristics at different conditions.
Disproportionate growth in mice with Igf-2 transgenes. (1994)

Injection transgenesis was used to study the long-term effects of excess insulin-like growth factor II on mouse growth and differentiation. By using a construct in which the coding region of the mouse insulin like growth factor II gene (Igf-2) was placed under the control of a keratin gene promoter, four transgenic lines were established, all of which displayed overgrowth of the skin as judged by wrinkling. In addition to high levels of expression in the skin, transgene transcripts were also present in the alimentary canal and uterus. At most of the sites of transgene expression the cell number (DNA content) was greatly increased, indicating a local action of the excess insulin-like growth factor II on cell multiplication. Adult total live weight was slightly increased and there was no macroscopic evidence of tumor formation. The characteristics of these transgenic mice indicate distinct local and systemic actions for insulin-like growth factor II.
A Chemical Method for the Deposition of Bismuth Sulfide Thin Films (1986)

A solution growth technique has been developed for the deposition of thin films of bismuth sulfide on glass substrate at room temperature (25°C) using Bi+3‐salt solution, triethanolamine (TEA), ammonia, and thioacetamide as reacting agents. The material has been characterized by chemical analysis, x‐ray studies, and optical and electrical measurements. The amorphous films behave as p‐type semiconductors with a bandgap of 1.7 eV.
Near-infrared diode laser spectroscopy in chemical process and environmental air monitoring (2002)

This review covers the rapidly expanding field of near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy where the availability of new lasers has led to the development of simple and inexpensive spectroscopic systems for the detection and monitoring of gas species. The latest diode lasers and the specific techniques associated with diode laser spectroscopy are described. Specific examples covering chemical vapour deposition reaction diagnostics, remote vehicle emission sensing, balloon-borne atmospheric monitoring and combustion diagnostics then illustrate the technique advantages of rapid, highly selective, in situ monitoring.
Interconversions of Aryl Radicals by 1,4-Shifts of Hydrogen Atoms. A Synthesis of Benzo[<i>a</i>]corannulene (2005)

Aryl radicals generated ortho to aryl substituents by flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of the corresponding aryl chlorides are shown to be capable of transferring hydrogen atoms between the ortho and ortho' positions (1,4-shifts of hydrogen atoms). In the examples described here, the rearranged aryl radicals are trapped by subsequent radical cyclization reactions. For example, FVP of 2-(o-chlorophenyl)benzo[c]phenanthrene gives 1-phenylbenzo[ghi]fluoranthene as the major product by homolysis of the C-Cl bond, 1,4-shift of a hydrogen atom out of the sterically congested cove region to the radical center, cyclization of the rearranged radical, and rearomatization of the molecule by loss of the other cove region hydrogen. In a control experiment run under the same conditions, FVP of 2-phenylbenzo[c]phenanthrene, which lacks a radical precursor, gave primarily recovered starting material. When the FVP was repeated using 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)benzo[c]phenanthrene as the starting material, benzo[a]corannulene was obtained as the major product, presumably by the same cascade of events to produce 1-(o-chlorophenyl)benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, which then suffers a second radical cyclization spontaneously under the high-temperature conditions to give the geodesic polyarene.
An analytic model for estimating the average radar cross section (RCS) for identifying the flickering target (2002)

We develop an analytical model for estimating the average RCS which gives good results in identifying flickering targets. The proposed analytical model is applied, specially in the high frequency operating range, by resolving the shape of the complex flicker targets into a number of simple geometric segments, of defined cross-section. Thus the scattered-field contribution from each of these geometric components is in turn attributed to the combination of various analytic and geometric components, and only the major contributors are retained. For simple bodies, these contributions were combined by taking into account the relative phases between the analytic components. However, for a complex body, there may be a large number of components of the same relative magnitude which contribute to the cross section. In this event, small errors in the estimate of the relative phases between these contributors can lead to large errors in the estimated cross section patterns. These large errors are avoided by developing the proposed model based on calculating the average cross section /spl sigma//sub a/spl nu//. The simulation represents the variation of the average cross section calculated by the proposed analytical technique for the target in question, as a function of the aspect angle and frequency (target frequency signature), illustrating the effect of this analytical technique in estimating an average cross-section approximately equal to the average RCS of the experimental measurement.
Targeting IKKβ in Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities for the Therapeutic Utilisation of IKKβ Inhibitors (2018)

Deregulated NF-κB signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human inflammatory disorders and malignancies. Consequently, the NF-κB pathway has attracted attention as an attractive therapeutic target for drug discovery. As the primary, druggable mediator of canonical NF-κB signalling the IKKβ protein kinase has been the historical focus of drug development pipelines. Thousands of compounds with activity against IKKβ have been characterised, with many demonstrating promising efficacy in pre-clinical models of cancer and inflammatory disease. However, severe on-target toxicities and other safety concerns associated with systemic IKKβ inhibition have thus far prevented the clinical approval of any IKKβ inhibitors. This review will discuss the potential reasons for the lack of clinical success of IKKβ inhibitors to date, the challenges associated with their therapeutic use, realistic opportunities for their future utilisation, and the alternative strategies to inhibit NF-κB signalling that may overcome some of the limitations associated with IKKβ inhibition.
Measuring temporally complex ultrashort pulses using multiple-delay crossed-beam spectral interferometry (2010)

We introduce a spectral-interferometry (SI) technique for measuring the complete intensity and phase of relatively long and very complex ultrashort pulses. Ordinarily, such a method would require a high-resolution spectrometer, but our method overcomes this need. It involves making multiple measurements using SI (in its SEA TADPOLE variation) at numerous delays, measuring many temporal pulselets within the pulse, and concatenating the resulting pulselets. Its spectral resolution is the inverse delay range--many times higher than that of the spectrometer used. Our simple proof-of-principle implementation of it provided 71 fs temporal resolution and a temporal range of 100 ps using a few-cm low-resolution spectrometer.
[14C]acetylcholine synthesis and [14C]carbon dioxide production from [U-14C]glucose by tissue prisms from human neocortex (1981)

1. [14C]Acetylcholine synthesis and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose has been measured in tissue prism preparations from human neocortex. 2. Electron micrographs of prisms from human and rat neocortex show that both contain intact synaptic endings with evenly-distributed vesicles and normal-appearing mitochondria, but only poorly preserved cell body structure. 3. Synthesis of [14C]acetylcholine in prisms from rat neocortex is similar to estimates for turnover in vivo. Synthesis in prisms from human neocortex is 18% of that in rat tissue and 64% of that in tissue from baboon neocortex for incubations performed in 31 mM-K+. 4. Investigations of prisms prepared from rat brains stored at 37 degrees C after death revealed that synthesis of [14C]acetylcholine in the presence of 31 mM-K+ was greatly decreased within 30 min of post-mortem incubation, whereas synthesis at 5 mM-K+ and production of 14CO2 at both K+ concentrations were only significantly affected after longer periods. Changes were similar in neocortex and striatum. Thus human autopsy material is unlikely to be suitable for use with this system. 5. Investigations using animal models suggest that [14C]acetylcholine synthesis and 14CO2 production are not affected by surgical or anaesthetic procedures. 6. Neither [14C]acetylcholine synthesis nor 14CO2 production in human prisms was significantly changed with age between 15 and 68 years. 7. Samples from patients with the dementing condition Alzheimer's disease showed a significant decrease in [14C]acetylcholine synthesis to 47% of normal samples and a significant increase of 39% in production of 14CO2.
Effects of shape and loading of optical nanoantennas on their sensitivity and radiation properties (2011)

In this study, we analyze the relations between radiation properties and sensitivity of optical nanoantennas and their shape and design parameters using nanocircuit concepts. We apply these findings to optimize the sensitivity and bandwidth of printed plasmonic nanoantennas for their potential use in optical communications and label-free biosensing applications. In comparison to conventional plasmonic optical sensors, which mainly rely on localized surface plasmons, our design rules suggest that optical nanoantennas may provide enhanced sensitivity for biomedical applications, and our analytical solutions based on their equivalent nanocircuit model may provide an efficient tool for their design optimization. Several numerical simulations are presented to verify utility of this design method, providing excellent agreement between numerical and analytical results.