gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic Polymeric Solvents for the Selective Absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> from Warm Gas Streams that also Contain H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O (2013)

The hydrophobic polymers polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and polypropyleneglycol dimethylether (PPGDME) may provide an alternative to physical solvents based on the hydrophilic polymer polyethyleneglycol dimethylether (PEGDME) for the precombustion capture of CO2 from the warm, high pressure stream that also contains H2O and H2. PPGDME can be made with a linear repeat unit (PPGDMEl, poly(1,3-propanediol) dimethylether) or a branched repeat unit (PPGDMEb, poly(1,2-propanediol) dimethylether). The solubility of CO2 and H2 in each of the four solvents of specified average molecular weight (PEGDME 250, PDMS 550, PPGDMEl 678 and PPGDMEb 430) is determined between 25 and 120 °C at pressures to 10 MPa. CO2 is much more soluble in each solvent than H2; however, the solubility of CO2 decreases as the solubility of H2 increases with increasing temperature. PPGDMEl 678 and PPGDMEb 430 are comparable CO2 solvents. PPGDMEl 678 absorbs less H2 than all the other solvents, while PPGDMEb 430 absorbs significantly more H2. PDMS 550 is a very good CO2 solvent, absorbing more CO2 than all of the other solvents at all temperatures except for PEGDME 250 at 25 °C. PDMS 550 absorbs more H2 than all of the other solvents.
Concurrent round-robin-based dispatching schemes for Clos-network switches (2002)

A Clos-network switch architecture is attractive because of its scalability. Previously proposed implementable dispatching schemes from the first stage to the second stage, such as random dispatching (RD), are not able to achieve high throughput unless the internal bandwidth is expanded. This paper presents two round-robin-based dispatching schemes to overcome the throughput limitation of the RD scheme. First, we introduce a concurrent round-robin dispatching (CRRD) scheme for the Clos-network switch. The CRRD scheme provides high switch throughput without expanding internal bandwidth. CRRD implementation is very simple because only simple round-robin arbiters are adopted. We show via simulation that CRRD achieves 100% throughput under uniform traffic. When the offered load reaches 1.0, the pointers of round-robin arbiters at the first- and second-stage modules are completely desynchronized and contention is avoided. Second, we introduce a concurrent master-slave round-robin dispatching (CMSD) scheme as an improved version of CRRD to make it more scalable. CMSD uses hierarchical round-robin arbitration. We show that CMSD preserves the advantages of CRRD, reduces the scheduling time by 30% or more when arbitration time is significant and has a dramatically reduced number of crosspoints of the interconnection wires between round-robin arbiters in the dispatching scheduler with a ratio of 1//spl radic/N, where N is the switch size. This makes CMSD easier to implement than CRRD when the switch size becomes large.
Accelerated cardiac <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> mapping using breath‐hold multiecho fast spin‐echo pulse sequence with <i>k‐t</i> FOCUSS (2011)

Cardiac T(2) mapping is a promising method for quantitative assessment of myocardial edema and iron overload. We have developed a new multiecho fast spin echo (ME-FSE) pulse sequence for breath-hold T(2) mapping with acceptable spatial resolution. We propose to further accelerate this new ME-FSE pulse sequence using k-t focal underdetermined system solver adapted with a framework that uses both compressed sensing and parallel imaging (e.g., sensitivity encoding) to achieve higher spatial resolution. We imaged 12 control subjects in midventricular short-axis planes and compared the accuracy of T(2) measurements obtained using ME-FSE with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions and ME-FSE with k-t focal underdetermined system solver. For image reconstruction, we used a bootstrapping two-step approach, where in the first step fast Fourier transform was used as the sparsifying transform and in the final step principal component analysis was used as the sparsifying transform. When compared with T(2) measurements obtained using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions, T(2) measurements obtained using k-t focal underdetermined system solver were in excellent agreement (mean difference = 0.04 msec; upper/lower 95% limits of agreement were 2.26/-2.19 msec, respectively). The proposed accelerated ME-FSE pulse sequence with k-t focal underdetermined system solver is a promising investigational method for rapid T(2) measurement of the heart with relatively high spatial resolution (1.7 × 1.7 mm(2) ).
Supporting PHY-Layer Security in Multi-Link Wireless Networks Using Friendly Jamming (2015)

Friendly jamming is a PHY-layer technique used to secure wireless communications. Unlike previous efforts that fix the placement of the friendly jamming devices, in this paper we consider small- scale multi-link wireless networks, e.g., peer-to- peer or multihop, and jointly optimize the powers and locations of the friendly jamming devices so as to minimize the total jamming power while simultaneously achieving a given secrecy constraint. We use distributed MIMO techniques and incorporate the necessary conditions to ensure nullification of the friendly jamming signals at legitimate receivers. Two optimization strategies are explored: per-link and network-wide. Our optimization framework is based on formulating a signomial programming problem using condensation techniques to approximate the problem as a geometric program, which can then be transformed into a convex problem. We also consider the secrecy-aware routing problem for multihop networks and propose a routing metric based on the total jamming power along the path. Simulations show that our proposed schemes outperform previous schemes in terms of energy efficiency (55%-99% power saving). Moreover, our formulation ensures protecting legitimate transmissions by nullifying friendly jamming signals at legitimate receivers.
Bragg intragrating structural sensing (1995)

When a fiber-optic intracore Bragg grating is subject to an appreciable strain gradient, its reflective spectrum will not only be shifted but also be distorted because of the chirp of the grating. We employed the J-matrix formalism to calculate the influence of different strain gradients on the reflective spectra of Bragg gratings and have undertaken experiments to test these calculations. The results of these experiments have confirmed that intracore Bragg gratings can be used to evaluate strain gradients and can be thought of as quasi-distributed strain sensors. This adds a new dimension to structural sensing, permitting measurements in any situation where strain gradients exist. It also provides a warning of any sensor/host debonding.
Review of methods to improve the performance of linear array-based photoacoustic tomography (2019)

As a hybrid imaging modality that combines optical excitation with acoustic detection, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities. Among various types of transducer arrays used in a PAT system configuration, the linear array is the most commonly utilized due to its convenience and low-cost. Although linear array-based PAT has been quickly developed within the recent decade, there are still two major challenges that impair the overall performance of the PAT imaging system. The first challenge is that the three-dimensional (3D) imaging capability of a linear array is limited due to its poor elevational resolution. The other challenge is that the geometrical shape of the linear array constrains light illumination. To date, substantial efforts have been made to address the aforementioned challenges. This review will present current technologies for improving the elevation resolution and light delivery of linear array-based PAT systems.
Microinjection and Expression of an Infectious Proviral Clone and Subgenomic Envelope Construct of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1988)

An infectious proviral clone of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was microinjected into the cell nucleus in six cell lines derived from caprine, ovine, bovine, or human solid tissue to study the utility of this method in effecting viral gene expression in nonlymphoid cells. Immunofluorescence assays for HIV demonstrated viral gene expression in only 5% of cells (100-200 cells per line) 24-48 h after microinjection; however, no reverse transcriptase activity was detectable, presumably due to a low level of virus release in this limited number of cells. Therefore, to indirectly assess infectious virus release, microinjected cells were cocultured with human T4 antigen-positive lymphocytes (H9) sensitive to HIV infection. Syncytia formation, electron microscopy, reverse transcriptase activity, and radioimmunoassay for HIV p24 were used to monitor viral gene expression in cocultures. HIV was efficiently recovered by cocultivating H9 with microinjected cells 48 h after microinjection, regardless of the tissue type or species of origin. H9 syncytia were visualized in some cocultures as early as day 5 but were readily apparent in all experiments on days 7-10. Syncytia induction in H9 was the earliest and most reliable indicator of infectious virus release. A recombinant construct containing a subgenomic envelope gene derived from the proviral clone of HIV was microinjected into human glioblastoma cells. Twenty-four to 48 h after manipulation, 5-20% of microinjected cells were found by immunofluorescence assay to express low levels of a putative gp120. These results suggest a possible approach to producing virus-free HIV envelope antigens in mammalian cells and may be relevant to subunit vaccine development.
Characteristics of the plasma impedance probe with constant bias (2005)

The impedance of a small spherical probe immersed in a uniform plasma is measured by recording the reflection coefficient of an applied signal using a network analyzer. This impedance has a resonance at the plasma frequency where the imaginary part goes to zero, a feature that has made this measurement a good way of determining electron density. When the plasma potential is positive with respect to the sphere—for example, if the sphere is electrically floating or grounded, a second resonance occurs at ω&lt;ωpe due to the capacitance created by the depleted electron density in the sheath. A greatly increased power deposition occurs at this lower resonance, whose frequency can be controlled by applying a dc bias which changes the sheath width. As the bias is increased the value of this frequency becomes smaller until the resonance disappears completely at Vprobe=Vplasma. As the bias is further increased past the plasma potential, an electron sheath forms with its own resonance, which is at a lower frequency than the resonance associated with the ion sheath. The impedance of the electron sheath can be approximated using sheath transit time perturbation theory for a space charge limited diode. As with the ion sheath resonance, the largest energy deposition occurs at the lower of the two resonant frequencies.
Adaptive Preambles for Coexistence (2011)

Wireless protocols in the unlicensed spectrum are developed for different requirements in terms of range and power, which makes them difficult to coexist in the same unlicensed spectrum. One such example is Zigbee and WiFi coexistence where low-power Zigbee nodes are frequently starved by WiFi nodes. Recent standardization efforts of short range IEEE 802.11af and long range IEEE 802.22 in the TV white spaces will make this problem more severe in the future. In this paper, we propose a novel PHY and MAC protocol for coexistence. Our protocol is decentralized and simple. The key building block is an adaptive preamble support at the PHY layer that allows high-power nodes to detect a low-power transmission even when the difference in transmit power constraints between the two groups of nodes is as high as 20dB. We show that this technique can prevent starvation of low-power nodes in almost all existing scenarios. We further propose a MAC protocol that builds on CSMA MAC and exploits the adaptive preambles functionality. We extensively evaluate our system in a test-bed and in simulations. We show that we can improve the data rates of low-power links by as much as 10x over existing MACs, without sacrificing more than 20%-40% of throughput of the rest of the system.
Novel 2-D MMSE subpixel-based image down-sampling for matrix displays (2010)

Subpixel-based down-sampling is a method that can potentially improve the apparent resolution of a down-scaled image by controlling individual subpixels rather than pixels. However, the increased luminance resolution often comes at the price of chrominance distortion. In this paper, we propose a new subpixel-based down-sampling scheme for which we design a two-dimensional image reconstruction model. Then, we formulate subpixel-based down-sampling as a MMSE problem and derive the optimal solution called MMSESD. To compare the performance of subpixel-based down-sampling methods, we propose novel objective measures for the apparent luminance resolution and chrominance distortion. Simulation results show that MMSE-SD can give sharper images compared with the conventional down-sampling methods, with little color fringing artifacts.
Soft Magnetic Properties and Domain Structure of Fe-N-O Thin Films for Thin Film Head Applications (1994)

The soft magnetic properties and domain structure of Fe-N-O films were examined for the purpose of thin film head application, as a function of nitrogen and oxygen partial pressure during sputtering. The introduction of a very small amount of oxygen along with nitrogen can effectively reduce the grain size of Fe, resulting in a decrease in the coercivity. Fe-N-O films with a high saturation flux density (20 kG), low coercivity (0.6 Oe) and large permeability (4000 at 1 MHz) can be obtained by sputtering in a mixture atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen. Even though the domain structure of the Fe-N-O film contains large triangle domains, it can be improved prominently by forming an amorphous Co-Zr underlayer. In conclusion, Fe-N-O/Co-Zr double-layered films are possible for thin film head applications.
A cascaded economic model predictive control strategy for a diesel engine using a non-uniform prediction horizon discretization (2017)

This paper presents an economic model predictive control (eMPC) controller for the diesel engine airpath. The control objective is to maximize fuel economy while maintaining drivability and reducing emissions by manipulating the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve, throttle, variable geometry turbine (VGT), and the fueling rate. This is achieved using a cascaded architecture wherein an upper level economic MPC controller controls the fueling rate and generates EGR rate and intake manifold pressure setpoints for a lower level nonlinear MPC airpath controller which manipulates the actuators. A non-uniform prediction horizon discretization is used to manage computational complexity while capturing dynamics with multiple timescales. Simulation results demonstrating emission constraint satisfaction and stable operation over drive cycles are presented.
Construction and behavior of engineered minichromosomes in maize (2007)

Engineered minichromosomes were constructed in maize by modifying natural A and supernumerary B chromosomes. By using telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation, it was demonstrated that such an approach is feasible for the generation of minichromosomes of normal A chromosomes by selection of spontaneous polyploid events that compensate for the deficiencies produced. B chromosomes are readily fractionated by biolistic transformation of truncating plasmids. Foreign genes were faithfully expressed from integrations into normal B chromosomes and from truncated miniB chromosomes. Site-specific recombination between the terminal transgene on a miniA chromosome and a terminal site on a normal chromosome was demonstrated. It was also found that the miniA chromosome did not pair with its progenitor chromosomes during meiosis, indicating a useful property for such constructs. The miniB chromosomes are faithfully transmitted from one generation to the next but can be changed in dosage in the presence of normal B chromosomes. This approach for construction of engineered chromosomes can be easily extended to other plant species because it does not rely on cloned centromere sequences, which are species-specific. These platforms will provide avenues for studies on plant chromosome structure and function and for future developments in biotechnology and agriculture.
Computational and Experimental RNA Nanoparticle Design (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Rational Design of RNA Nanoparticles Computational Approaches for Automation Synthesis and Experimental Characterization of RNA Nanoparticles Examples of RNA Nanobiology Conclusions and Future Developments Acknowledgments References
Strategies for production of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies against human B cell lymphomas. (1984)

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against the idiotype (Id) of B lymphocyte malignancies are powerful reagents for the study of these diseases, and are potentially useful for treatment. Different strategies for the production of these anti-Id MAB have been compared. Initially, the Id Ig from nonsecreting B cell tumors was "rescued" by human X mouse or human X human hybridization. These somatic cell hybridizations resulted in the secretion of human Ig in 10 and 100% of the fusions, respectively. In a second step, anti-Id MAB were produced by using the "rescued" Id Ig as immunogen. A more streamlined approach is based on a one-step procedure in which the tumor cell suspension is used as immunogen. This method of immunization, coupled with a four-layer ELISA, results in the detection of anti-Id MAB in a frequency of approximately 1% of the total hybrids. By using a pool of 10 different anti-Id MAB, each reactive with the tumor of one patient, we searched for idiotypic relatedness among a panel of 50 additional tumors. No cross-reactions were found, indicating that our current strategy results in the identification of unique idiotypic determinants among human B cell tumors. Idiotypic Ig can be found in the serum of patients with B cell tumors. Among groups of patients, there is a wide spectrum of serum Id levels, ranging from less than 0.01 microgram/ml to greater than 500 micrograms/ml.
Demonstration of scaled Ge p-channel FinFETs integrated on Si (2012)

We report the first demonstration of scaled Ge p-channel FinFET devices fabricated on a Si bulk FinFET baseline using the Aspect-Ratio-Trapping (ART) technique [1]. Excellent subthreshold characteristics (long-channel subthreshold swing SS=76mV/dec at 0.5V), good SCE control and high transconductance (1.2 mS/μm at 1V, 1.05 mS/μm at 0.5V) are achieved. The Ge FinFET presented in this work exhibits highest g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> /SS at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> =1V reported for non-planar unstrained Ge pFETs to date.
<title>Calibration of a 3D surface contouring and ranging system</title> (1999)

A new 3D surface contouring and ranging system based on a digital fringe projection and phase shifting technique is described. In this system, three phase-shifted fringe patterns and a centerline pattern are used to determine the absolute phase map of the object. This phase map is then converted to the absolute x, y, and z coordinates of the object surface by a transformation algorithm. To determine the accurate values of the system parameters as required by the transformation algorithm, a two-step calibration procedure was developed. First the parameters were indirectly measured through experiments to determine their approximate values. Second, a calibration plate whose features were calibrated by a coordinate measuring machine was measured by the system at various positions. An iteration algorithm was then used to estimate the system parameters. Measurements of the calibration plate, a sheet- metal panel, and a Ford master gauge showed results consistent with the actual surface contours of the objects.
Ultra-fast mechanochemical synthesis of boron phosphides, BP and B<sub>12</sub>P<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Here we propose a new approach to the synthesis of single-phase boron phosphides (BP and B12P2) by mechanochemical reactions between boron phosphate and magnesium/magnesium diboride in the presence of an inert diluent (sodium chloride). The proposed method is characterized by the simplicity of implementation, high efficiency, low cost of the product, and good perspectives for large-scale production.
Operation of a segmented Hall thruster with low-sputtering carbon-velvet electrodes (2006)

Carbon fiber velvet material provides exceptional sputtering resistance properties exceeding those for graphite and carbon composite materials. A 2kW Hall thruster with segmented electrodes made of this material was operated in the discharge voltage range of 200–700V. The arcing between the floating velvet electrodes and the plasma was visually observed, especially, during the initial conditioning time, which lasted for about 1h. The comparison of voltage versus current and plume characteristics of the Hall thruster with and without segmented electrodes indicates that the magnetic insulation of the segmented thruster improves with the discharge voltage at a fixed magnetic field. The observations reported here also extend the regimes wherein the segmented Hall thruster can have a narrower plume than that of the conventional nonsegmented thruster.
Factor VIII Inhibitors in Previously Treated Haemophilia A Patients with a Double Virus-inactivated Plasma Derived Factor VIII Concentrate (1997)

Summary Antibodies to factor VIII (inhibitors) are usually produced at the beginning of treatment with factor VIII and are rare in multitransfused patients. Such antibodies are deemed to be patient-related, as supported by the description of a number of associated risk factors. However, a second category of inhibitors has recently been identified, namely antibodies occurring in multitransfused patients as a result of exposure to a particular factor VIII concentrate. A first outbreak of product-related inhibitors was recently described. The present paper describes the second well-documented occurrence of such inhibitors. Eight out of 140 multitransfused patients with severe haemophilia A developed an inhibitor to factor VIII shortly after changing treatment to a double-virus inactivated plasma-derived factor VIII concentrate. In addition to solvent-detergent treatment, this concentrate was pasteurised at 63° C for 10 hours. Exposure to the pasteurised product before inhibitor detection ranged from 9 to 45 days. Inhibitor titers varied between 2.2 and 60 Bethesda Units and recovery of transfused factor VIII ranged from 0.21 to 0.68 (expressed as IU/dl factor VIII rise per IU/kg administered). In contrast to usual inhibitors in haemophilia A patients, these product-related inhibitors showed complex inhibition kinetics. They were found specific for the factor VIII light chain. The inhibitors gradually declined when exposure to the pasteurised product was stopped, despite further treatment with other factor VIII concentrates. The present data stress the importance of carefully monitored clinical studies, both in previously treated and previously untreated patients, before introduction of a new or modified clotting factor concentrate.
Laser wakefield acceleration with mid-IR laser pulses (2017)

We present the first results from laser plasma wakefield acceleration driven by ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses (100fs, λ=3.9µm). The onset of relativistic self-focusing and electron acceleration scale with critical laser power and target width.