gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection by Dextromethorphan in Acute Experimental Subdural Hematoma in the Rat (1996)

Experimental acute subdural hematoma in the rat has been shown to produce a zone of apparent infarction under the clot, and excitatory amino acid toxicity appears to play a role in the damage observed. We report the effect of dextromethorphan, a commonly used antitussive and a noncompetitive NMDA-type glutamate receptor antagonist, on the volume of histologic damage seen at 72 h after acute subdural hematoma in the rat. Sixty-five Long-Evans rats underwent placement of acute subdural hematoma using the "cranial window" model. Fourteen animals received oral dextromethorphan, 10 mg/kg/dose, twice daily for 3 days, and an additional 20 animals also received a single 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose 15 min after clot placement in addition to the oral regimen. Control animals received equal volumes of sterile water. Brain lesions in all animals were characterized by well-circumscribed infarctions underlying the subdural hematoma. Lesion volume in control animals was 88.3 +/- 9.3 mm3 (mean +/- standard error of the mean), while animals receiving dextromethorphan had significantly smaller lesions, which was independent of dosing schedule (59.9 +/- 9.2 mm3)(p = 0.0403). Animal weight was also found to be a significant covariate (p = 0.038). Because of its safety in humans and efficacy as a neuroprotectant in a variety of models, dextromethorphan may be a promising agent for clinical use, particularly in children.
Sodium‐23 MR imaging of the kidney in guinea pig at 2.1 T, following arterial, venous, and ureteral ligation (1990)

In vivo 23Na magnetic resonance images of guinea pig kidney were obtained at 2.1 T using a spin-echo sequence with an echo time of 19 ms. The intact kidney showed a very strong signal intensity in the sodium image. The signal intensity of the kidney decreased to 55% after ligation of the renal artery together with the vein and the ureter. The total sodium content in the excised kidney after arterial occlusion, measured by flame photometry, was 24% higher than that in the intact kidney. The transverse relaxation time (T2) of the extracellular sodium in the isolated kidney decreased to one-third of that in the intact kidney. This shortening of T2 may be partly responsible for the decrease in the 23Na signal intensity from the kidney after arterial occlusion.
Optimization of human erythropoietin secretion from MLV‐infected human primary fibroblasts used for encapsulated cell therapy (2003)

These results indicate that primary human fibroblasts represent a promising source for encapsulated cell therapy.
MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 are essential for the invasive capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells: differential regulation by inflammatory cytokines (2006)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) represent promising tools in various clinical applications, including the regeneration of injured tissues by endogenous or transplanted hMSCs. The molecular mechanisms, however, that control hMSC mobilization and homing which require invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers are almost unknown. We have analyzed bone marrow-derivedhMSCs and detected strong expression and synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2. The ability of hMSCs to traverse reconstituted human basement membranes was effectively blocked in the presence of synthetic MMP inhibitors. Detailed studies by RNA interference revealed that gene knock-down of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, or TIMP-2 substantially impaired hMSC invasion, whereas silencing of TIMP-1 enhanced cell migration, indicating opposing roles of both TIMPs in this process. Moreover, the inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha up-regulated MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and/or MMP-9 production in these cells, resulting in a strong stimulation of chemotactic migration through ECM, whereas the chemokine SDF-1alpha exhibited minor effects on MMP/TIMP expression and cell invasion. Thus, induction of specific MMP activity in hMSCs by inflammatory cytokines promotes directed cell migration across reconstituted basement membranes in vitro providing a potential mechanism in hMSC recruitment and extravasation into injured tissues in vivo.
Conditional control of fluorescent protein degradation by an auxin-dependent nanobody (2018)

The conditional and reversible depletion of proteins by auxin-mediated degradation is a powerful tool to investigate protein functions in cells and whole organisms. However, its wider applications require fusing the auxin-inducible degron (AID) to individual target proteins. Thus, establishing the auxin system for multiple proteins can be challenging. Another approach for directed protein degradation are anti-GFP nanobodies, which can be applied to GFP stock collections that are readily available in different experimental models. Here, we combine the advantages of auxin and nanobody-based degradation technologies creating an AID-nanobody to degrade GFP-tagged proteins at different cellular structures in a conditional and reversible manner in human cells. We demonstrate efficient and reversible inactivation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and thus provide new means to study the functions of this essential ubiquitin E3 ligase. Further, we establish auxin degradation in a vertebrate model organism by employing AID-nanobodies in zebrafish.
Encyclopedia and Handbook of Materials, Parts, and Finishes (2016)

A great deal of progress has been made in the development of materials, their application to structures, and their adaptation to a variety of systems and integrated across a wide range of industrial applications. This encyclopedia serves the rapidly expanding demand for information on technological developments. In addition to providing information
Characterization of Biodegradable Poly(D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles Loaded with Bacteriochlorophyll- <i>a</i> for Photodynamic Therapy (2007)

The results suggest that this DDS is potentially useful for the delivery and release of BChl-a as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocols due to its excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and maintenance of its spectroscopic properties when compared with other dyes in homogenous media. The biocompatible DDS medium is a new proposal and will make feasible the use of BChl-a as a dye for PDT, improving the utilization of non-organic media to deliver this kind of molecule.
The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study (1999)

Classifications of multiple sclerosis subtypes have been largely based on clinical phenomenology. Nevertheless, definitions of relapse, remission and progression have been imprecise. Recently an international consensus group, as part of a reclassification of disease subtypes, recommended dropping the term 'relapsing-progressive' (RP) and retaining the term 'progressive-relapsing' (PR) multiple sclerosis. The term 'RP' multiple sclerosis had been applied when the early course combined both relapses and progression and was believed to identify some patients with a worse than average outcome. The PR group consisted of patients with primary progressive disease who later in their course developed relapses. Since the terminology has been largely arbitrary, we have evaluated the validity of the terms 'RP' and 'PR' multiple sclerosis in the context of long-term outcome within a large population-based cohort of progressive multiple sclerosis patients seen at the London Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (Canada) between 1972 and 1984. Mean follow-up of the entire cohort was 25 years. Designation of RP multiple sclerosis did identify a more rapidly progressive subgroup. To realign these natural history data with consensus recommendations, these patients were reassigned to secondary progressive (SP) or to primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis, with progression defined as at least 1 year of progressive deterioration. PP multiple sclerosis patients with relapses after a year were designated as having PR multiple sclerosis. Relapses in primary progressive multiple sclerosis occurred in 27.8% of patients at some point even two to three decades after onset. In general these relapses were mild and remitting, but served to blur the distinction between progressive and relapsing-remitting disease. The long-term outcomes of time to Kurtzke disability scores (DSS) of 3, 6, 8 and 10 were compared among the progressive subtypes. Times to these disability end-points and to death were not different between PR and PP multiple sclerosis. Survival curves for progressive patients have been amended to incorporate the reassignment of PR multiple sclerosis patients into the PP group and the RP multiple sclerosis patients into the PP and SP subgroups. The time to reach DDS 3, 6, 8 and 10 for a population-based cohort of primary and secondary progressive patients resulting from the elimination of the categories of RP multiple sclerosis and PR multiple sclerosis has been established. These results provide justification for retaining only PP and SP multiple sclerosis as the subgroups of progressive disease.
Model-based analysis of an adaptive evolution experiment with Escherichia coli in a pyruvate limited continuous culture with glycerol (2012)

: Bacterial strains that were genetically blocked in important metabolic pathways and grown under selective conditions underwent a process of adaptive evolution: certain pathways may have been deregulated and therefore allowed for the circumvention of the given block. A block of endogenous pyruvate synthesis from glycerol was realized by a knockout of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in E. coli. The resulting mutant strain was able to grow on a medium containing glycerol and lactate, which served as an exogenous pyruvate source. Heterologous expression of a pyruvate carboxylase gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum was used for anaplerosis of the TCA cycle. Selective conditions were controlled in a continuous culture with limited lactate feed and an excess of glycerol feed. After 200-300 generations pyruvate-prototrophic mutants were isolated. The genomic analysis of an evolved strain revealed that the genotypic basis for the regained pyruvate-prototrophy was not obvious. A constraint-based model of the metabolism was employed to compute all possible detours around the given metabolic block by solving a hierarchy of linear programming problems. The regulatory network was expected to be responsible for the adaptation process. Hence, a Boolean model of the transcription factor network was connected to the metabolic model. Our model analysis only showed a marginal impact of transcriptional control on the biomass yield on substrate which is a key variable in the selection process. In our experiment, microarray analysis confirmed that transcriptional control probably played a minor role in the deregulation of the alternative pathways for the circumvention of the block.
Comparative analysis of feature extraction (2D FFT and wavelet) and classification (L p metric distances, MLP NN, and HNeT) algorithms for SAR imagery (2005)

The performance of several combinations of feature extraction and target classification algorithms is analyzed for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery using the standard Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) evaluation method. For feature extraction, 2D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to extract Fourier coefficients (frequency information) while 2D wavelet decomposition is used to extract wavelet coefficients (time-frequency information), from which subsets of characteristic in-class "invariant" coefficients are developed. Confusion matrices and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are used to evaluate and compare combinations of these characteristic coefficients with several classification methods, including Lp metric distances, a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network (NN) and AND Corporation's Holographic Neural Technology (HNeT) classifier. The evaluation method examines the trade-off between correct detection rate and false alarm rate for each combination of feature-classifier systems. It also measures correct classification, misclassification and rejection rates for a 90% detection rate. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of feature and classifier selection in accurately classifying new target images.
Circulating blood biomarkers in essential hypertension: a literature review (2017)

Abstract: Hypertension is a global public health issue, affecting over 70 million Americans and about one billion people worldwide. Hypertension is a significant public health concern as it is a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), renal disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Nearly two-thirds of hypertensive persons are unaware of their condition, and therefore, are not being treated to prevent the development of complications. Approximately 90% of hypertensive patients suffer from primary or essential hypertension (EH), a term which is used when the cause of blood pressure (BP) elevation is unknown. With any chronic condition that leads to devastating consequences, early diagnosis and timely interventions are crucial. This strategy proves to be true for EH as well, as it can decelerate disease progression, reduce complications and ultimately produce better outcomes. Over the years, various blood biomarkers have been identified which can shed light on the underlying processes involved in the onset, development, and progression of EH. As data from the Framingham Heart Study indicate that about 90% of people over the age of 55 will eventually develop hypertension, discovering and utilizing reliable biomarkers to predict, diagnose, and track the therapeutic progress of hypertension is proving to be tremendously important. Here, we provide a literature review of circulating biomarkers that may prove to be beneficial in better elucidating the pathophysiology, development, progression, and therapeutic efficacy of EH.
Adaptive spatial-temporal filtering applied to x-ray fluoroscopy angiography (2005)

Adaptive filtering of temporally varying X-ray image sequences acquired during endovascular interventions can improve the visual tracking of catheters by radiologists. Existing techniques blur the important parts of image sequences, such as catheter tips, anatomical structures and organs; and they may introduce trailing artifacts. To address this concern, an adaptive filtering process is presented to apply temporal filtering in regions without motion and spatial filtering in regions with motion. The adaptive filtering process is a multi-step procedure. First a normalized motion mask that describes the differences between two successive frames is generated. Secondly each frame is spatially filtered using the specific motion mask to specify different types of filtering in each region. Third an IIR filter is then used to combine the spatially filtered image with the previous output image; the motion mask thus serves as a weighted input mask to determine how much spatial and temporal filtering should be applied. This method results in improving both the stationary and moving fields. The visibility of static anatomical structures and organs increases, while the motion of the catheter tip and motion of anatomical structures and organs remain unblurred and visible during interventional procedures.
A new voltage balancing controller applied on 7-level PUC inverter (2014)

In this paper a novel model of the packed U-cell (PUC) inverter is derived considering the concept of single-phase multilevel converters. Based on the proposed model, a voltage balancing controller is designed to apply on the 7-level PUC inverter. The applied controller is in charge of fixing the capacitor voltage in PUC structure at a desired value to have the seven levels of the voltages at the output. The 7-level pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is used to produce the associated pulses for firing the PUC switches. The performance of the introduced controller is investigated via simulations in various conditions including changes in the load and DC bus voltage variations. The results prove the ability of the good dynamic performance and fast response of the controller in stable and unstable conditions.
Pleiotropic plasma membrane ATPase mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1987)

We isolated a large number of mutations in the structural gene for the plasma membrane ATPase (PMA1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These mutations were selected by their resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic hygromycin B. Biochemical analysis of purified membrane preparations showed that the plasma membrane ATPase activity of the mutants was reduced as much as 75%. Intragenic complementation of pma1 mutants suggested that the yeast plasma membrane ATPase was a multimeric enzyme. The pma1 mutants were apparently defective in maintaining internal pH; more than half of the mutants were unable to grow either at a low pH or in the presence of a weak acid. Most pma1 mutants were also osmotic pressure sensitive. At a very low temperature (5 degrees C) many pma1 mutants were unable to grow and were arrested as unbudded cells. The three most severely affected mutants were also unable to grow in the presence of NH4+. The most extreme mutant exhibited a severe defect in progression through the cell cycle; on synthetic medium, the cells progressively accumulated nucleus-containing small buds that generally failed to complete bud enlargement and cytokinesis. Most of the pleiotropic phenotypes of pma1 mutants could be suppressed by the addition of 50 mM KCl but not NaCl to the medium.
An occlusion insensitive adaptive focus measurement method (2010)

This paper proposes a new focus measurement method for Depth From Focus to recover depth of scenes. The method employs an all-focused image of the scene to address the focus measure ambiguity problem of the existing focus measures in the presence of occlusions. Depth discontinuities are handled effectively by using adaptively shaped and weighted support windows. The size of the support window can be increased conveniently for more robust depth estimation without introducing any window size related Depth From Focus problems. The experiments on the real and synthetically refocused images show that the introduced focus measurement method works effectively and efficiently in real world applications.
Absolute Configurations of Stink Bug- and Plant-Produced Sesquipiperitols <i>via</i> Synthesis of All Stereoisomers (2020)

Sesquipiperitol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, some stereoisomers of which were found in several plant species. The biological role of these compounds in plants and their absolute configurations have not been reported. Recently, we found that 1<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>,7<i>R</i> stereoisomer of sesquipiperitol was a key precursor in the biosynthesis of the harlequin bug, <i>Murgantia histrionica</i>, pheromone, which consists of two stereoisomeric zingiberenol oxides. In addition, the <i>Tibraca limbativentris</i> stink bug was shown to produce two sesquipiperitol stereoisomers as minor components in their male-produced sex pheromone, the main constituents of which were zingiberenols. To determine absolute configurations of plant- and stink-bug-produced sesquipiperitols, we undertook syntheses of all stereoisomers of this sesquiterpene alcohol. The syntheses were based on 1,10-bisaboladien-3-ols (aka zingiberenols) with known configurations at C-6 and C-7, the oxidation of which provided sesquipiperitone precursors with retention of configurations of these stereogenic centers. The foremost challenge of the synthetic endeavor was the assignment of absolute configurations of secondary carbinol centers, which was resolved by NMR analyses of corresponding Mosher's esters. Thus, the availability of all eight diastereomers allowed us to assign sesquipiperitols from <i>Fitzroya cupressoides</i> and <i>Argyranthemum adauctum</i> spp. <i>jacobaeifolium</i> plants 1<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>,7<i>R</i> (<b>16</b>) and 1<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>,7<i>S</i> (<b>14</b>) configurations, respectively. A chiral-phase gas-chromatographic method was developed to determine 1<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>,7<i>R</i> and 1<i>R</i>,6<i>S</i>,7<i>R</i> (<b>15</b>) configurations of <i>T. limbativentris</i> sesquipiperitol pheromone components.
Urogenital Lactobacilli Probiotics, Reliability, and Regulatory Issues (2001)

Of the hundreds of Lactobacillus so-called probiotic products, only a handful contain identifiable strains that have any published data supporting their usefulness in humans. Of these, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, Lactobacillus fermen- tum RC-14, and Lactobacillus fermentum B-54 possess anti- pathogen properties and colonize the intestine and vagina, conferring health benefits to women. These strains have been found to adhere to vaginal cells, hemagglutinate red blood cells and produce biosurfactants. Taking these or other strains to the marketplace, whether as dairy products or not, requires reliable production and delivery vehicles, and regulatory ap- proval. For this important field to move forward to meet the approval of health care professionals, a better scientific basis for specific strain use in high quality products aimed at well- defined sites is needed. Furthermore, information targeted at, or viewed by, consumers should state the attributes of actual strains in a given product, and reference the peer-reviewed
A Rapid and Efficient Sonogashira Protocol and Improved Synthesis of Free Fatty Acid 1 (FFA1) Receptor Agonists (2010)

A protocol for rapid and efficient Pd/Cu-catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and iodides to terminal alkynes has been developed with use of 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-N-phenylindole (cataCXium PIntB) as ligand in TMEDA and water. The new protocol successfully couples substrates which failed with standard Sonogashira conditions, and enables an efficient general synthetic route to free fatty acid 1 (FFA1) receptor ligands from 3-(4-bromophenyl)propionic acid.
SC Department of Health and Human Services Part B Medicare recoupments (2003)

The problem area is to outline a process to actively recoup over paid Medicare premiums. In the early 1990's there was a specific position designed to the Medicare recoupment process. The objective in this paper is as follows: (1) define a Medicare recoupment process, (2) identify a percentage of recoupment that has been identified by a random sample of Medicaid reports and (3) justify that State dollars could be save and pay for a Program Assistant's salary and fringe benefits to perform recoupment related functions.
Optimal Bandwidth and Power Allocation for Sum Ergodic Capacity Under Fading Channels in Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

This paper studies optimal bandwidth and power allocation in a cognitive radio network where multiple secondary users (SUs) share the licensed spectrum of a primary user (PU) under fading channels using the frequency division multiple access scheme. The sum ergodic capacity of all the SUs is taken as the performance metric of the network. Besides the peak/average transmit power constraints at the SUs and the peak/average interference power constraint imposed by the PU, total bandwidth constraint of the licensed spectrum is also taken into account. Optimal bandwidth allocation is derived in closed-form for any given power allocation. The structures of optimal power allocations are also derived under all possible combinations of the aforementioned power constraints. These structures indicate the possible numbers of users that transmit at nonzero power but below their corresponding peak powers, and show that other users do not transmit or transmit at their corresponding peak powers. Based on these structures, efficient algorithms are developed for finding the optimal power allocations.