gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of a multilayered optical tissue model with embedded scattering microspheres in polymeric materials (2012)

We report on a novel fabrication approach to build multilayered optical tissue phantoms that serve as independently validated test targets for axial resolution and contrast in scattering measurements by depth-resolving optical coherent tomography (OCT) with general applicability to a variety of three-dimensional optical sectioning platforms. We implement a combinatorial bottom-up approach to prepare monolayers of light-scattering microspheres with interspersed layers of transparent polymer. A dense monolayer assembly of monodispersed microspheres is achieved via a combined methodology of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for particle-substrate binding and convective particle flux for two-dimensional crystal array formation on a glass substrate. Modifications of key parameters in the layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition approach are applied to optimize particle monolayer transfer from a glass substrate into an elastomer while preserving the relative axial positioning in the particle monolayer. Varying the dimensions of the scattering microspheres and the thickness of the intervening transparent polymer layers enables different spatial frequencies to be realized in the transverse dimension of the solid phantoms. Step-wise determination of the phantom dimensions is performed independently of the optical system under test to enable precise spatial calibration, independent validation, and quantitative dimensional measurements.
Extraction and inhibition of enzymatic activity of botulinum neurotoxins /B1, /B2, /B3, /B4, and /B5 by a panel of monoclonal anti-BoNT/B antibodies (2011)

In addition to determining in vitro inhibition abilities of a panel of mAbs against BoNT/B1-/B5, this work has determined B12.2 and 2B18.2 to be the best mAbs for sample preparation before Endopep-MS. These mAb characterizations also have the potential to assist with mechanistic studies of BoNT/B protection and treatment, which is important for studying alternative therapeutics for botulism.
Machine learning assessment of myocardial ischemia using angiography: Development and retrospective validation (2018)

Invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a standard tool for identifying ischemia-producing coronary stenosis. However, in clinical practice, over 70% of treatment decisions still rely on visual estimation of angiographic stenosis, which has limited accuracy (about 60%-65%) for the prediction of FFR < 0.80. One of the reasons for the visual-functional mismatch is that myocardial ischemia can be affected by the supplied myocardial size, which is not always evident by coronary angiography. The aims of this study were to develop an angiographybased machine learning (ML) algorithm for predicting the supplied myocardial volume for a stenosis, as measured using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and then to build an angiography-based classifier for the lesions with an FFR < 0.80 versus 0.80.
Heart Rate Monitoring in Implanted Pacemakers (1988)

Increasing pacemaker memory allows integration of heart rate monitoring into the pacemaker. Two main methods can be distinguished. 1. Heart rate monitoring in histograms. 2. Heart rate monitoring in the time domain (heart rate holter). Method 1 is useful in antitachycardia and diagnostic pacemakers when short specific events must be detected (tachycadia, bradycardia). For the analysis of a rate adaptive pacemaker this method is less appropriate as it does not give any information about the dynamics of rate changes or its time relations. For this purpose Method 2 will give more information about the functioning of the pacemaker as it does not only store the heart rate but also the timing of the heart rate so that changes in heart rate can be correlated to the activity of the patient. An algorithm was developed to store the average heart rate over 7.8 minute periods in a pacemaker. On interrogation of the pacemaker the information will always reveal the heart rate over the 24 hours prior to interrogation. This monitor can also be temporarily programmed to store the average heart rate in 20 second intervals to monitor the response to an exercise test for a period of 1 hour. The time needed for a standard follow-up procedure of a rate adaptive pacemaker can be dramatically reduced to a value close to the follow-up time of a standard VVI pacemaker.
Total Synthesis of the Potent Antitumor Macrolides Pladienolide B and D (2007)

Ziel erreicht: Zwei Pladienolide (siehe Bild) mit einer auf einem einzigartigen Wirkmechanismus basierenden Antitumoraktivität wurden durch Totalsynthesen hergestellt, und ihre Absolutkonfigurationen wurden bestätigt. Die 12-gliedrige aliphatische Macrolideinheit wurde durch Ringschlussmetathese erhalten und die Seitenketteneinheit durch eine Julia-Kocienski-Olefinierung oder eine Kreuzmetathese an das Macrolid gekuppelt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604997_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 4‐Amino‐5‐oxopyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Nucleosides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cryptographic Side-Channel Signaling and Authentication via Fingerprint Embedding (2018)

Authentication via fingerprint embedding at the physical layer utilizes noise in the wireless channel to attain a certain degree of information theoretic security that traditional HMAC methods cannot provide. Fingerprint embedding refers to a key-aided process of superimposing a low-power tag to the primary message waveform for the purpose of authenticating the transmission. The tag is uniquely created from the message and key and successful authentication is achieved when the correct tag is detected by the receiver. This paper generalizes a framework for embedding physical layer fingerprints to create an authenticated side-channel for minimal cost. Side-channel information is conveyed to the receiver through the transmitter's choice of tag from a secret codebook generated by the primary message and a shared secret key. In addition, a new linear coding scheme is introduced which enhances the ability to trade off the performance goals of authentication, side-channel rate, secrecy, and privacy.
Correcting Limited-Magnitude Errors in the Rank-Modulation Scheme (2009)

We study error-correcting codes for permutations under the infinity norm, motivated by a novel storage scheme for flash memories call rank modulation. In this scheme, a set of $n$ flash cells are combined to create a single virtual multi-level cell. Information is stored in the permutation induced by the cell charge levels. Spike errors, which are characterized by a limited-magnitude change in cell charge levels, correspond to a low-distance change under the infinity norm. We define codes protecting against spike errors, called limited-magnitude rank-modulation codes (LMRM codes), and present several constructions for these codes, some resulting in optimal codes. These codes admit simple recursive, and sometimes direct, encoding and decoding procedures. We also provide lower and upper bounds on the maximal size of LMRM codes both in the general case, and in the case where the codes form a subgroup of the symmetric group. In the asymptotic analysis, the codes we construct out-perform the Gilbert-Varshamov-like bound estimate.
Characterization of a genetically reconstituted high-affinity system for serotonin transport. (1989)

By transfecting mouse fibroblast L-M cells with human genomic DNA, we have established and identified several clonal cell lines that stably express a high-affinity serotonin (5-HT)-uptake mechanism absent in untransfected host cells. One such cell line, L-S1, possesses features of 5-[3H]HT uptake similar to those previously characterized in the central nervous system and blood platelets: (i) specificity for 5-HT; (ii) antagonism by imipramine, a known inhibitor of high-affinity 5-HT uptake; (iii) both Na+ and temperature dependences; (iv) kinetic saturability; and (v) high affinity for 5-HT (Km = 0.39 +/- 0.10 microM; Vmax = 2.14 +/- 0.55 pmol/min per mg of protein). This cell line can be used to compare the relative efficacies of known blockers of 5-HT uptake and thereby offers a rapid and reliable assay system for testing novel inhibitors of this system. Since L-S1 contains stably integrated human DNA in its genome, we postulate that the observed 5-HT-uptake system resulted from the expression of human gene(s) coding for the 5-HT transporter. Thus, cell lines such as L-S1 may represent novel means for screening and developing therapeutic agents specific for neurotransmitter-uptake systems as well as substrates for the cloning and elucidation of the genes encoding the various neurotransmitter transporters.
Data from Brain Penetration and Efficacy of Different Mebendazole Polymorphs in a Mouse Brain Tumor Model (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Mebendazole (MBZ), first used as an antiparasitic drug, shows preclinical efficacy in models of glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Three different mebendazole polymorphs (A, B, and C) exist, and a detailed assessment of the brain penetration, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor properties of each individual mebendazole polymorph is necessary to improve mebendazole-based brain cancer therapy.</p><p><b>Experimental Design and Results:</b> In this study, various marketed and custom-formulated mebendazole tablets were analyzed for their polymorph content by IR spectroscopy and subsequently tested in an orthotopic GL261 mouse glioma model for efficacy and tolerability. The pharmacokinetics and brain concentration of mebendazole polymorphs and two main metabolites were analyzed by LC/MS. We found that polymorph B and C both increased survival in a GL261 glioma model, as B exhibited greater toxicity. Polymorph A showed no benefit. Polymorph B and C both reached concentrations in the brain that exceeded the IC<sub>50</sub> in GL261 cells 29-fold. In addition, polymorph C demonstrated an AUC<sub>0–24h</sub> brain-to-plasma (B/P) ratio of 0.82, whereas B showed higher plasma AUC and lower B/P ratio. In contrast, polymorph A presented markedly lower levels in the plasma and brain. Furthermore, the combination with elacridar was able to significantly improve the efficacy of polymorph C in GL261 glioma and D425 medulloblastoma models in mice.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Among mebendazole polymorphs, C reaches therapeutically effective concentrations in the brain tissue and tumor with fewer side effects, and is the better choice for brain cancer therapy. Its efficacy can be further enhanced by combination with elacridar. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3462–70. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
New Polyene Antifungal Antibiotic Produced by a Species of <i>Actinoplanes</i> (1975)

A new species of Actinoplanes, which has been deposited with the designation NRRL 5325 at the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, produces a polyene antifungal complex designated as Sch 16656. The complex, consisting of one major and three minor components, is isolated from the fermentation broth by a solvent extraction procedure and purified by precipitation methods. The major component is a heptaene and is highly active in vitro and in vivo against Candida albicans. It is active also against strains of Torulopsis and is significantly more potent orally than candicidin in mice against Candida infections.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Alkoxysulfenyl Derivatives of Methylcarbamate Insecticides (1988)

カーバメート系殺虫剤のアルコキシスルフェニル誘導体を多数合成し, 誘導体の諸性質および生物活性について検討した. 誘導体はメチルカーバメート剤と二塩化イオウとの反応により得られるクロロスルフェニル中間体に塩基存在下アルコールを反応させることにより得た. 本反応においては, 副生物としてアルコキシスルフェニル誘導体のポリスルフィド類縁体が生成した. このようにして得られたフェニルカーバメート剤の誘導体は安定であったが, オキシムカーバメート剤の誘導体は不安定であった. 一部の例外を除き, 合成したすべての誘導体がイエバエとツマグロヨコバイに対し高い活性を示し, カルボフラン (2,3-ジヒドロ-2,2-ジメチル-7-ベンゾフラニルN-メチルカルバマート) 誘導体の中にはイエバエに対し親化合物であるカルボフランよりも高い活性を示す化合物も認められた. 一方, すべての誘導体において親化合物よりも著しく毒性が軽減されていた. カルボフランの直鎖アルコキシスルフェニル誘導体では, 炭素数の増加に従って毒性の低下する傾向が認められた. ポリスルフィド類縁体はいずれも殺虫活性を示し, イオウの数の増加に従って活性, 毒性ともに減少する傾向が認められた.
Genetic prediction of type 1 diabetes in a population with low frequency of HLA risk genotypes and low incidence of the disease (the DIABFIN study) (2004)

Risk classification must be tailored to the characteristics of the individual population, in particular, the allelic frequencies in the background population and T1DM prevalence. We have developed a screening strategy with good levels of sensitivity that should prove effective for use throughout the Italian peninsula.
Studies of coat protein-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic tobamovirus: correlation between assembly of mutant coat proteins and resistance (1997)

Coat protein-mediated resistance (CP-MR) has been widely used to protect transgenic plants against virus diseases. To characterize the mechanisms of CP-MR to tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) we developed mutants of the coat protein that affected subunit-subunit interactions. Mutant CPs were expressed during TMV replication as well as in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants. The mutation T42-->W increased protein aggregation and T28-->W abolished aggregation and assembly, while the mutations T28-->W plus T42-->W and T89-->W altered normal CP subunit-subunit interactions. The mutant T28W was unable to assemble virus-like particles (VLPs) during infection and in transgenic plants failed to aggregate; this protein conferred no protection against challenge of transgenic plants by TMV. The mutant T42W had strong CP subunit-subunit interactions and formed VLPs but not infectious virions. Transgenic lines with this protein exhibited stronger protection against TMV infection than transgenic plants that contained the wild-type (wt) CP. It is proposed that increased resistance conferred by the T42W mutant results from strong interaction between transgenic CP subunits and challenge virus CP subunits. CP carrying the mutation T89-->W formed flexuous and unstable VLPs whereas the double mutant T28W:T42W formed open helical structures that accumulated as paracrystalline arrays. In transgenic plants, T89W and the double mutant CPs showed reduced ability to aggregate and provided lower protection against TMV infection than wt CP. A strong correlation between normal CP subunit-subunit interactions and CP-MR is observed, and a model for CP-MR involving interactions between the transgenic CP and the CP of the challenge virus as well as interference with virus movement is discussed.
Multi-Phase High Temperature Alloys: Exploration of Alumina-Forming, Creep-Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steels (2007)

Work in 2007 focused on the development of a new class of heat-resistant austenitic stainless steel alloys which achieved a unique combination of high-temperature creep strength and excellent oxidation resistance via protective Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale formation. Strengthening is achieved via the formation of stable nano NbC carbides with/without Fe{sub 2}Nb and related intermetallic phase dispersions, with controlled levels of Al to enable Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale formation in both air and air + water vapor environments up to {approx}800-900 C. The developed alloys exhibit comparable creep resistance to that of the best commercial heat-resistant austenitic stainless steels, and the protective Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale formation provides oxidation resistance superior to that of advanced Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}-forming heat-resistant austenitic alloys. Preliminary screening also indicated that the developed Al-modified alloys were amenable to welding.
Composite electrodes for lithium batteries. (1999)

The stability of composite positive and negative electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries is discussed. Positive electrodes with spinel-type structures that are derived from orthorhombic-LiMnO{sub 2} and layered-MnO{sub 2} are significantly more stable than standard spinel Li[Mn{sub 2}]O{sub 4} electrodes when cycled electrochemically over both the 4-V and 3-V plateaus in lithium cells. Transmission electron microscope data of cycled electrodes have indicated that a composite domain structure accounts for this greater electrochemical stability. The performance of composite Cu{sub x}Sn materials as alternative negative electrodes to amorphous SnO{sub x} electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is discussed in terms of the importance of the concentration of the electrochemically inactive copper component in the electrode.
Order-free spoken term detection (2015)

In this paper, we propose Time-Marked Word (TMW) lists as a replacement for the lattices and Confusion Networks (CNs) widely used as indexing vehicles for Spoken Term Detection (STD). In a TMW list, candidates are simply tagged with posterior probabilities and time information and stored as a large list of words: the additional ordering present in a lattice or CN is discarded. TMW lists compactly summarize a large ASR search space. Representing a large search space is critical for STD metrics such as ATWV that heavily penalize misses of rare keywords. Comparisons on the OpenKWS 2014 Tamil limited language pack task [1] show that the new TMW-based indexing results in better performance while being faster and having a smaller footprint.
Realising ZVS and ZCS in a continuous conduction boost converter with boundary mode control (2020)

Boost regulators working in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) are very popular in switch-mode power conversion. This configuration is widely adapted for power factor correction (PFC) in switch mode AC to DC converters. For lower power levels of up to 200 watts, boundary conduction mode (BCM) PFC is adapted, and for power requirements beyond about 200 W, CCM boost with average current control scheme is favoured. A novel technique is proposed in this paper to achieve complete soft-switching viz. Zero voltage switching and zero current switching for the main boost switch in CCM mode. The uniqueness of the scheme lies in not adding any auxiliary MOSFET switch and/or control algorithm. All the switching elements exhibit soft-switching, thus improving efficiency and reducing the EMI considerably. Most of the reported techniques for soft switching in CCM boost utilise additional active switches. A working model is fabricated to demonstrate and validate the scheme. The test results and the waveforms are presented and analysed. An 800 watts PFC converter exhibiting complete soft switching is built using the proposed technique and is evaluated for its performance.
Wyner's Network on Caches: Combining Receiver Caching with a Flexible\n Backhaul (2019)

In this work, we study a large linear interference network with an equal\nnumber of transmitters and receivers, where each transmitter is connected to\ntwo subsequent receivers. Each transmitter has individual access to a backhaul\nlink (fetching the equivalent of $M_{T}$ files), while each receiver can cache\na fraction $\\gamma$ of the library. We explore the tradeoff between the\ncommunication rate, backhaul load, and caching storage by designing algorithms\nthat can harness the benefits of cooperative transmission in partially\nconnected networks, while exploiting the advantages of multicast transmissions\nattributed to user caching. We show that receiver caching and fetching content\nfrom the backhaul are two resources that can simultaneously increase the\ndelivery performance in synergistic ways.\n Specifically, an interesting outcome of this work is that user caching of a\nfraction $\\gamma$ of the library can increase the per-user Degrees of Freedom\n(puDoF) by $\\gamma$. Further, the results reveal significant savings in the\nbackhaul load, even in the small cache size region. For example, the puDoF\nachieved using the pair $(M_{T}=8,\n \\gamma=0)$ can also be achieved with the pairs $(M_{T}=4,\\gamma=0.035)$ and\n$(M_{T}=2,\\gamma=0.1)$, showing that even small caches can provide significant\nsavings in the backhaul load.\n
A coaxially heated membrane introduction mass spectrometry interface for the rapid and sensitive on‐line measurement of volatile and semi‐volatile organic contaminants in air and water at parts‐per‐trillion levels (2006)

A coaxially heated membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) sampling interface is presented that demonstrates improved on-line performance for the direct measurement of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in air and water samples at parts-per-trillion levels. The device is based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) capillary hollow fibre membrane (HFM) in a pneumatically assisted "flow-over" configuration that is resistively heated on the membrane interior via a coaxial nichrome wire, establishing a thermal gradient counter to the analyte concentration gradient. This arrangement allows for continuous and/or pulsed heating modes, affording excellent sensitivity for the on-line measurement of SVOCs while retaining sensitivity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In addition, the signal response time for SVOCs is reduced substantially over conventional "flow-over" MIMS interfaces. Separation and quantitation of analytes are achieved using quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
Characterization of a commercial oxygen-bleaching stage in a mill recycling mixed office wastepaper (1996)

A European mill is using an oxygen-bleaching stage (OXYPRO O R ) to brighten, color strip, and clean a MOW (mixed office waste) furnish containing up to 15% groundwood. The O R stage is part of a totally chlorine-free two-stage oxidative-reductive bleaching process. Quality of the recycled pulp is competitive with virgin market pulp. This report reviews the layout and performance of the commercial system and describes pulp properties. Pulp strength improves through the OR stage, while unbleached fiber and dirt content are reduced. The O R stage had only a small effect on BOD 5 and COD content of the bleach-stage filtrate.