gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy of Topical Pertmehrin, Crotamiton and Sulfur Ointment in Treatment of Scabies. (2017)

The topical application of permethrin, crotamiton and sulfur was equally efficacious at 4-week follow up, however permethrin cream showed faster improvement at first and second follow up. Acquiring permethrin is considered as expensive option and crotamiton lotion seems to be cost-less alternative to this cream.
High-sensitivity Fabry–Perot interferometric pressure sensor based on a nanothick silver diaphragm (2012)

We present a fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer pressure sensor based on a nanothick silver diaphragm. The sensing diaphragm, with a thickness measured in a few hundreds of nanometers, is fabricated by the electroless plating method, which provides a simple fabrication process involving a high-quality diaphragm at a low cost. The sensor exhibits a relatively linear response within the pressure variation range of 0-50 kPa, with a high pressure sensitivity of 70.5 nm/kPa. This sensor is expected to have potential applications in the field of highly sensitive pressure sensors.
ASEQ: fast allele-specific studies from next-generation sequencing data (2015)

ASEQ can be used to rapidly and reliably screen large NGS datasets for the identification of allele specific features. It can be integrated in any NGS pipeline and runs on computer systems with multiple CPUs, CPUs with multiple cores or across clusters of machines.
Supporting connection mobility in wireless networks (1997)

A multimedia connection in a wireless network typically utilizes three important network resources: wireless link resources, wired link resources and network server resources. When the users participating in the connection are mobile, these resources must be reallocated as the users move in a manner so that the connection is not disrupted. This dissertation contributes a set of algorithms for supporting connection mobility through efficient and, in certain cases, optimal use of these network resources. In the first part of this thesis, we examine various techniques for allocating wireless channel resources to connections. We define three important practical problems in channel allocation faced by network engineers. We then derive new and optimal admission control policies for each of these problems. We further show that the optimal policies provide significant performance gains over other previously proposed policies. We also develop computationally-efficient algorithms for deploying these optimal policies in real-time at the base-stations. In the second part of this thesis, we examine ways of rerouting the connections of mobile users so that the wired link resources are utilized efficiently. We propose, implement, and experimentally and analytically evaluate the performance of several connection rerouting schemes. Our study shows that one of our schemes is particularly well suited for performing connection rerouting. This scheme operates in two phases: a real-time phase where a reroute operation is executed without causing any disruption to user traffic, and a non-real-time phase where more efficient reroutes are effected. In the third and final part of this thesis, we examine ways of efficiently utilizing the computational resources in the network. We study policies for migrating user agents, which act as proxies for mobile users, as users move. We show that two simple threshold policies that we propose, a Count policy which limits the number of agents in each server and a Distance policy which gives preference to migration of agents that are farther away from their users, deliver excellent performance across a wide range of system parameters and configurations.
A Hybrid Approach for Feature Selection in Improving the Efficiency of Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems (2011)

Intrusions are the result of flaws in the design and implementation of computer systems, operating systems, applications, and communication protocols. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network and/or system activities for malicious activities or policy violations and produces reports to a management station. In anomaly detection models, classifier is used as detectors. While constructing the classifier selection of the best set of the features is central to ensuring the performance, speed of learning, accuracy, and reliability of these detectors as well as to remove noise from the set of features. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model that efficiently selects the optimal set of features in order to detect 802.11-specific intrusions. Our model uses the Information Gain Ratio and K-Means classifier to compute and improve the accuracy of classifier. Experimental results clearly show that the optimization of a wireless feature set has a significant impact on the efficiency and accuracy of the intrusion detection system.
Analysis of Exhaled Breath Volatile Organic Compounds in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study (2015)

Exhaled breath VOC profiling was able to distinguish IBD patients from controls, as well as to separate UC from CD, using both multivariate and univariate statistical techniques.
An immunological factor that affects Anopheles gambiae survival. (1995)

High titers of antibodies against Anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in New Zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. The serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated R2B6) killed 71.6% (Abbott's adjusted % mortality) of An. gambiae within 7 days. Mosquitoes ingesting R2B6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting R2B6 serum but Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles albimanus, and Aedes aegypti were not affected. The mosquitocidal factor was a relatively large molecule (> 100,000 MW) maintained at threshold levels in the sera and killing was complement independent. Mortality, however, was not IgG mediated, as determined by protein A-sepharose fractionation. This surprising finding confounds possibilities of using antibodies against whole mosquito midguts as a step in the development of antimosquito vaccines.
Constitutive mdmx Expression During Cell Growth, Differentiation, and DNA Damage (1999)

The mdmx gene was shown to possess high homology to the mdm-2 gene and to encode a protein that can bind p53 and block p53 transactivation. Because Mdm-2 protein blocks the growth-suppressive activity of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein through similar activities, we examined the expression patterns of mdmx to determine how MdmX expression correlates with p53 protein levels. In this study, the expression pattern and protein levels of mdmx were examined in a number of cell culture systems. Like mdm-2, mdmx gene expression was constitutive during serum deprivation/restimulation of murine fibroblasts and differentiation of either murine teratocarcinoma or preadipocyte cells. In contrast, whereas mdm-2 gene expression was induced after cisplatin damage to ovarian carcinoma cells, mdmx expression remained constitutive. Because p53 transactivation is critical following a genotoxic stress, we examined p53:MdmX complexes after in vitro DNA-PK phosphorylation, a posttranslational modification that blocks p53 association with Mdm-2. The DNA-PK phosphorylation of p53 was capable of inhibiting p53:MdmX association. Thus, whereas DNA damage does not regulate mdmx mRNA levels, posttranslational modifications induced during DNA damage may block p53:MdmX association in vivo. These results demonstrate that, in the cell lines examined, mdmx gene expression remains constitutive during cell proliferation and differentiation or following DNA damage. Taken together, the data suggest that cells retain a constant level of MdmX. Thus, in undamaged cells, there exists the potential for an MdmX:p53 reservoir.
Omeprazole fails to suppress up-regulation of gastric mucosal endothelin-converting enzyme-1 by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. (2000)

The findings implicate up-regulation of ECE-1 in triggering the induction of TNF-alpha and propagation of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori. We also show that omeprazole, in contrast to sulglycotide and ebrotidine, fails to counter the enhancement in the mucosal expression of ECE-1 caused by H. pylori- lipopolysaccharide.
Developmental Staging of Maize Microspores Reveals a Transition in Developing Microspore Proteins (1990)

A method for the preparation of developmentally staged microspores and young pollen from maize (Zea mays) has been devised. The preparations are of sufficient purity and quantity for biochemical analysis, including the analysis of steady-state protein and RNA populations associated with each stage. A major transition in protein populations occurs during the developmental period that encompasses microspore mitosis, the asymmetric nuclear division producing the vegetative and generative nuclei. Several differences between early and late stage proteins can be detected by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins reveals that over half of the steady-state proteins differ between the younger and older stages, either quantitative or qualitative. One protein that increases in relative abundance about fourfold is actin. In vitro translation of RNA isolated from staged microspores demonstrates changes in microspore gene expression during the same developmental period.
Movement disorders associated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. (2002)

Data from clinical trials reviewed in this article fulfill predictions based on preclinical findings that atypical antipsychotic drugs are associated with a reduced potential for inducing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and other movement disorders. Atypical drugs have been shown to reduce all subtypes of acute EPS, the frequency of EPS-related patient dropouts, and the need for concomitant antiparkinsonian drug use. Clozapine remains superior to other atypicals in treating psychosis without worsening motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. Atypicals may be selectively advantageous in treating schizophrenic patients with a predisposition to catatonia. Although the risk of developing lethal neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be diminished with atypical drugs, clinicians must remain alert to the signs of this disorder. Atypicals have reduced liability for inducing tardive dyskinesia (TD) and show antidyskinetic properties in patients with preexisting TD. Passive resolution of TD may be facilitated in some patients by the use of these agents. Thus, the risk of movement disorders has become only one of several considerations in choosing among antipsychotic drugs.
The Practical Success of Impedance Techniques from an Historical Perspective (1999)

A bstract : Future problems are based on achievements of the past. They may be unresolved problems of a more basic nature or future practical applications made possible by recent technical innovations. The introductory part of this paper deals with recent history and its many significant advances. This is followed by a survey of the bioimpedance field. Past advances include contributions of the bioimpedance field to electrophysiology, biophysics, and biochemistry. More practical contributions include the data necessary for the development of diathermy techniques and modern dosimetry in the field of electromagnetic biohazards. A large array of practical applications relate to monitoring physiological events such as impedance plethysmography, impedance encephalography, impedance tomography, and body water, lung, and heart function parameters. Unresolved problems of a basic nature include topics that relate to mechanisms responsible for observed dielectric dispersions and membrane biophysics. Practical applications that can now be realized include several new electronic laboratory diagnostic techniques. Tissue spectroscopy of small biopsy samples and tissue culture samples should permit rapid extraction of valuable cellular data. This can be done for both normal and abnormal states, thus providing new diagnostic techniques. Possible sophistication of the Coulter counter principle should permit rapid investigations of many individual cell parameters, including cellular shape, using multielectrode techniques (microimpedance tomography). The theory of field‐evoked force effects is well established now and can be used to develop electronic cell manipulation and new electronic cell sorting technologies. Additional significant practical applications to the biomedical field are now possible.
Predicting Medical Provider Specialties to Detect Anomalous Insurance Claims (2016)

The healthcare industry is a complex system with many moving parts. One issue in this field is the misuse of medical insurance systems, such as Medicare. In this paper, we build a machine learning model to detect when physicians exhibit anomalous behavior in their medical insurance claims. This new research has the potential to give some insight in determining if, and when, physicians are acting outside the norm of their respective specialty, which could indicate misuse, fraud, or lack of knowledge around billing procedures. We use a publicly available procedure billing dataset, released by the U. S. Medicare system. Due to the large size of the dataset, we sampled the dataset to include all physicians practicing within one state only. The model uses the multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm and is evaluated by calculating precision, recall, and Fscore with 5-fold cross-validation. The model is able to successfully predict several classes of physicians with an F-score over 0.9. These results show that it is possible to effectively use machine learning in a novel way to classify physicians into their respective fields solely using the procedures they bill for. This research provides a model that can identify physicians who are potentially misusing insurance systems for further investigation.
The design and control of a tactile display based on shape memory alloys (1997)

Closed loop resistive feedback within a PWM control scheme has proved an effective method of controlling a 64 element tactile array. In particular it has allowed independent height control of all tactels with insensitivity to ambient temperature and external forces. It has also resulted in compact electronics. The elementary psychophysical tests show the potential of the surface to display complex surface structures. Future work will examine the performance combined with a visual VE system.
Effect of Fibrin Formulation on Initial Strength of Tendon Repair and Migration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Vitro (2015)

Concentrations of fibrinogen lower than those used in fibrin glue may be more appropriate if fibrin is employed to create a cell delivery matrix for tendon repair.
Cardiac Sodium Channel ( <i>SCN5A</i> ) Variants Associated with Atrial Fibrillation (2008)

Mutations or rare variants in SCN5A may predispose patients with or without underlying heart disease to AF. The findings of the present study expand the clinical spectrum of disorders of the cardiac sodium channel to include AF and represent important progress toward molecular phenotyping and directed rather than empirical therapy for this common arrhythmia.
Calibration tools for PC-based vision assessment (2009)

This paper details the research and development of the PC Vision system, a unique calibration and monitoring subsystem that will enable use of personal computers as accurately calibrated and controlled vision test instruments. The need for such a system is evident. Display intensity and chromaticity, test distance, room illumination, and a number of other variables must be controlled to avoid unexplained discrepancies in test outcomes, within and between individuals and test locations. Modern displays (CRT-, LCD-, or projector-based) have sufficient resolution, gamut, and stability to allow high-quality stimulus presentation. The PC Vision system consists of two categorical functions - one to calibrate screen properties, the other to monitor room and test setup conditions - packaged into a fully integrated hardware prototype.
Tumor emergence is sensed by self-specific CD44hi memory Tregs that create a dominant tolerogenic environment for tumors in mice (2009)

Early responses of Tregs and effector T cells (Teffs) to their first encounter with tumor cells have been poorly characterized. Here we have shown, in both implanted and in situ-induced mouse tumor models, that the appearance of tumor cells is immediately sensed by CD44hi memory Tregs that are specific for self antigens. The rapid response of these Tregs preceded and prevented activation of naive antitumor Teffs. The relative speed of the Treg versus the Teff response within the first 2-4 days determined the outcome of the antitumor immune response: tolerance or rejection. If antitumor memory Teffs were present at the time of tumor emergence, both Tregs and Teffs were recruited and activated with memory kinetics; however, the Tregs were unable to control the Teffs, which eradicated the tumor cells. This balance between effector and regulatory responses did not depend on the number of Tregs and Teffs, but rather on their memory status. Thus, in the natural setting, dominant tolerogenic immunosurveillance by self-specific memory Tregs protects tumors, just as it protects normal tissues. More generally, our results reveal that the timing of Treg and Teff engagement, determined by their memory status, is an important mode of regulation of immune responses.
Self-assembled Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2019)

We report the growth of self-assembled Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> quantum dots (QDs) by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates using the droplet epitaxy technique. The QD formation occurs after anneal of Bismuth droplets under Selenium flux. Characterization by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray reflectance spectroscopy is presented. Raman spectra confirm the QD quality. The quantum dots are crystalline, with hexagonal shape, and have average dimensions of 12-nm height (12 quintuple layers) and 46-nm width, and a density of 8.5 × 10<sup>9</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. This droplet growth technique provides a means to produce topological insulator QDs in a reproducible and controllable way, providing convenient access to a promising quantum material with singular spin properties.
한국안보에 대한 미국 신 국방전략지침의 함의: 동북아시아 세력정치와의 연관성을 중심으로 (2012)

미국의 오바마 대통령은 2012년 연두에 미 국방예산 삭감과 그로 인한 우선순위의 조정을 요구하는 국방전략지침을 하달하였고, 이에 근거하여 미군은 기존에 추진해오던 과제들의 우선순위를 조정하고, 효율적으로 수행하고자 노력하고 있다. 이번 미국의 신 국방전략지침은 동북아시아의 세력균형에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이번 국방전략지침에서 미국은 중국과의 전략적 경쟁을 공식적으로 표명하고 있고, 중국의 접근거부 및 지역거부를 극복할 수 있는 능력을 특별히 강조하고 있기 때문이다. 중국의 국방예산은 증대되는 데 비하여 미국의 국방예산이 지속적으로 감소될 경우 장기적으로 세력균형에 변화가 발생할 것이다. 따라서 한국은 동북아시아 세력정치를 고려하면서 주변국과의 관계를 발전시킬 필요가 있다. 동시에 세력정치가 강화될수록 한미동맹이 중요해진다는 점에서 이의 지속적인 강화 및 발전에 노력할 필요가 있고, 북한 핵무기의 위협에 대한 독자적 대응력을 강화하면서 앞으로 대두할 다양한 위협을 예측하여 전략과 획득하는 무기를 일치시켜야 할 것이다. 또한 한국도 국방의 효율화를 추진하지 않을 수 없다는 차원에서 이번 미군이 국방예산을 절약하는 지혜와 방법을 학습할 필요도 있다.
A New Treatment for Cutaneous Candidiasis: Sulconazole Nitrate Cream 1% (1983)

Sulconazole nitrate cream 1%, a new topical imidazole compound with a broad antifungal activity, was compared to its vehicle and to miconazole nitrate cream 2% in two double-blind parallel studies involving 96 patients with cutaneous candidiasis. Once daily application of sulconazole was as effective as twice daily application of miconazole and produced KOH and culture cures in 100% and 88% of patients, respectively. No systemic adverse reactions were reported. One vehicle-treated patient developed itching; six sulconazole- and three miconazole-treated patients developed erythema and/or pruritus, which was mild and transient. Sulconazole used bid was significantly superior to its vehicle and produced KOH and culture cures in 100% of patients.
Disordered Cell Integrity Signaling Caused by Disruption of the<i>kexB</i>Gene in<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (2004)

We isolated the kexB gene, which encodes a subtilisin-like processing enzyme, from a filamentous fungus, Aspergillus oryzae. To examine the physiological role of kexB in A. oryzae, we constructed a kexB disruptant (DeltakexB), which formed shrunken colonies with poor generation of conidia on Czapek-Dox (CD) agar plates and hyperbranched mycelia in CD liquid medium. The phenotypes of the DeltakexB strain were restored under high osmolarity in both solid and liquid culture conditions. We found that transcription of the mpkA gene, which encodes a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in cell integrity signaling, was significantly higher in DeltakexB cells than in wild-type cells. The DeltakexB cells also contained higher levels of transcripts for cell wall-related genes encoding beta-1,3-glucanosyltransferase and chitin synthases, which is presumably attributable to cell integrity signaling through the increased gene expression of mpkA. As expected, constitutively increased levels of phosphorylated MpkA were observed in DeltakexB cells on the CD plate culture. High osmotic stress greatly downregulated the increased levels of both transcripts of mpkA and the phosphorylated form of MpkA in DeltakexB cells, concomitantly suppressing the morphological defects. These results suggest that the upregulation of transcription levels of mpkA and cell wall biogenesis genes in the DeltakexB strain is autoregulated by phosphorylated MpkA as the active form through cell integrity signaling. We think that KexB is required for precise proteolytic processing of sensor proteins in the cell integrity pathway or of cell wall-related enzymes under transcriptional control by the pathway and that the KexB defect thus induces disordered cell integrity signaling.
BIVA: A Very Deep Hierarchy of Latent Variables for Generative Modeling (2019)

With the introduction of the variational autoencoder (VAE), probabilistic latent variable models have received renewed attention as powerful generative models. However, their performance in terms of test likelihood and quality of generated samples has been surpassed by autoregressive models without stochastic units. Furthermore, flow-based models have recently been shown to be an attractive alternative that scales well to high-dimensional data. In this paper we close the performance gap by constructing VAE models that can effectively utilize a deep hierarchy of stochastic variables and model complex covariance structures. We introduce the Bidirectional-Inference Variational Autoencoder (BIVA), characterized by a skip-connected generative model and an inference network formed by a bidirectional stochastic inference path. We show that BIVA reaches state-of-the-art test likelihoods, generates sharp and coherent natural images, and uses the hierarchy of latent variables to capture different aspects of the data distribution. We observe that BIVA, in contrast to recent results, can be used for anomaly detection. We attribute this to the hierarchy of latent variables which is able to extract high-level semantic features. Finally, we extend BIVA to semi-supervised classification tasks and show that it performs comparably to state-of-the-art results by generative adversarial networks.
Analysis of the Request to Send/Clear to Send Exchange in WLAN Over Fiber Networks (2008)

A study of the effect of the optical path delay on the effectiveness of the request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) exchange in high-speed IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) over fiber networks has been carried out. It is shown that although the fiber delay might violate some of the timing boundaries of the medium access control (MAC) protocol, with a careful choice of the RTS threshold parameter, which determines when the RTS/CTS is used, these networks can benefit significantly from the four-way handshake even without the need for modifying the existing protocol.