gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enterprise Email Classification Based on Social Network Features (2011)

With the popularity of multimedia and network technologies, it is now often to attach large size of multimedia dataset to emails. However, delivering large volume of multimedia data over an enterprise email system can easily bring down the quality of overall network service. Moreover, without some sort of restrictions, many enterprises found that the network resource was occupied for personal interests. The business communication over emails thus suffers undesirable delays and cause damages to businesses. The competition to use email service therefore become an issue that many enterprises have to deal with. Obviously, enterprises should manage the email service so that business emails have the priority over personal usages. This management requires an effective methodology to classify enterprise emails into official and private emails, and the development of the method is the goal of this work. To achieve the accuracy of a desired classification methodology, we normally anticipated the developed method to survey as much information as possible. On the other hand, monitoring details of the email contents not only can decrease the performance of the method, but it also may violate the privacy rights that many legal regulation systems now protect. The balance of pursuing accurate classification and protecting privacy rights becomes a challenge for this problem. With the discussed challenges in mind, we develop an email classification method based on social features, rather than surveying the email contents. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first study to address the aforementioned problems. We obtain social features from emails to represent the input vector of support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Preliminary results show that our methodology can classify emails with a high accuracy. Compared with the other content-based feature of email, our work shows that exploring social features is a promising direction to solve similar email classification problems.
A Heterogeneous Array of Off-Chip Interconnects for Optimum Mechanical and Electrical Performance (2007)

Demand for off-chip bandwidth has continued to increase. It is projected by the Semiconductor Industry Association in their International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors that by the year 2015, the chip-to-substrate area-array input-output interconnects will require a pitch of 80 μm. Compliant off-chip interconnects show great potential to address these needs. G-Helix is a lithography-based electroplated compliant interconnect that can be fabricated at the wafer level. G-Helix interconnects exhibit excellent compliance in all three orthogonal directions, and can accommodate the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the silicon die and the organic substrate without requiring an underfill. Also, these compliant interconnects are less likely to crack or delaminate the low-k dielectric material in current and future integrated circuits. The interconnects are potentially cost effective because they can be fabricated in batch at the wafer level and using conventional wafer fabrication infrastructure. In this paper, we present an integrative approach, which uses interconnects with varying compliance and thus varying electrical performance from the center to the edge of the die. Using such a varying geometry from the center to the edge of the die, the system performance can be tailored by balancing electrical requirements against thermomechanical reliability concerns. The test vehicle design to assess the reliability and electrical performance of the interconnects is also presented. Preliminary fabrication results for the integrative approach are presented and show the viability of the fabrication procedure. The results from reliability experiments of helix interconnects assembled on an organic substrate are also presented. Initial results from the thermal cycling experiments are promising. Results from mechanical characterization experiments are also presented and show that the out-of-plane compliance exceeds target values recommended by industry experts. Finally, through finite element analysis simulations, it is demonstrated that the die stresses induced by the compliant interconnects are an order of magnitude lower than the die stresses in flip chip on board (FCOB) assemblies, and hence the compliant interconnects are not likely to crack or delaminate low-k dielectric material.
Continuous injection synthesis of indium arsenide quantum dots emissive in the short-wavelength infrared (2016)

With the emergence of applications based on short-wavelength infrared light, indium arsenide quantum dots are promising candidates to address existing shortcomings of other infrared-emissive nanomaterials. However, III-V quantum dots have historically struggled to match the high-quality optical properties of II-VI quantum dots. Here we present an extensive investigation of the kinetics that govern indium arsenide nanocrystal growth. Based on these insights, we design a synthesis of large indium arsenide quantum dots with narrow emission linewidths. We further synthesize indium arsenide-based core-shell-shell nanocrystals with quantum yields up to 82% and improved photo- and long-term storage stability. We then demonstrate non-invasive through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain vasculature of murine models, and show that our probes exhibit 2-3 orders of magnitude higher quantum yields than commonly employed infrared emitters across the entire infrared camera sensitivity range. We anticipate that these probes will not only enable new biomedical imaging applications, but also improved infrared nanocrystal-LEDs and photon-upconversion technology.
An Integrated-Circuit Balanced Mixer, Image and Sum Enhanced (1975)

GaAs Schotty-barrier diodes with a zero-bias cutoff frequency of 800 GHz have been used in an integrated-circuit balanced diode mixer operating with a signal frequency centered at 9.3 GHz and a local-oscillator (LO) frequency at 7.8 GHz. For an instantaneous bandwidth of 1.0 GHz, the conversion loss (including all circuits and connector losses) was under 3.15 dB. Over the center 0.5 GHz of the band, the conversion loss was less than or equal to 2.8 dB. The conversion loss at the image-band edges was greater than 25 dB; the loss at the center of the image band was greater than 35 dB.
Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Groundwater by the Arsenic Hyperaccumulating Fern<i>Pteris vittata</i>L. (2004)

Arsenic concentrations in a much larger fraction of U.S. groundwater sources will exceed the maximum contaminant limit when the new 10 microg L(-1) EPA standard for drinking water takes effect in 2006. Thus, it is important to develop remediation technologies that can meet this new standard. Phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated groundwater is a relatively new idea. In this research, an arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern, commonly known as Chinese Brake fern (Pteris vittata L.), was grown hydroponically to examine its effectiveness in arsenic removal from what is believed to be herbicide-contaminated groundwater. One plant grown in 600 mL of groundwater effectively reduced the arsenic concentration from 46 to less than 10 microg L(-1) in 3 days. Re-used plants continued to take up arsenic from the groundwater, albeit at a slower rate (from 46 to 20 microg L(-1) during the same time). Young fern plants were more efficient in removing arsenic than were older fern plants of similar size. The addition of a supplement of phosphate-free Hoagland nutrition to the groundwater had little effect on arsenic removal, but the addition of phosphate nutrition significantly reduced its arsenic affinity and, thus, inhibited the arsenic removal. This study suggested that Chinese Brake has some potential to remove arsenic from groundwater.
Simultaneous multislice magnetic resonance fingerprinting (SMS‐MRF) with direct‐spiral slice‐GRAPPA (ds‐SG) reconstruction (2016)

The proposed reconstruction scheme allows MB = 3 accelerated SMS-MRF imaging with high-quality T<sub>1</sub> , T<sub>2</sub> , and off-resonance maps, and can be used to significantly shorten MRF acquisition and aid in its adoption in neuro-scientific and clinical settings. Magn Reson Med 77:1966-1974, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Photodynamic Therapy of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration (1997)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potentially selective treatment modality, which involves systemic administration of a photosensitizer dye. Dye accumulates in proliferating tissues such as tumors and neovascularization, followed by exposure of the photosensitized tissue to light at a wavelength at the absorption maximum of the dye. Excitation of the dye leads to photochemical damage of the targeted tissue. Various photosensitizers have been used in experimental choroidal neovascularization to investigate PDT. We have used benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid (BPD) and shown that it occludes experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with no significant damage to the overlying neurosensory retina or underlying choroid. Clinical trials of PDT using BPD for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have started. Preliminary results suggest that CNV can be occluded in the early posttreatment phase, with some nonselective effects at high light doses. Further studies are underway to investigate whether PDT of AMD can help preserve long-term vision in patients.
Inversion of gravity data with isostatic constraints (2014)

ABSTRACT We have developed a simple iterative gravity-inversion approach to map the basement and Moho surfaces of a rift basin simultaneously. Gravity anomalies in rift basins commonly consist of interfering broad, positive crustal-thinning anomalies and narrow, negative sedimentary-basin anomalies. In our model, we assumed that the Moho and basement surfaces are in Airy isostatic equilibrium. An initial plane-layered model was iterated to fit the gravity data. We applied the process to a model in which the inverted basement and Moho surfaces matched the model surfaces well and to a gravity profile across the Kosti Basin in Sudan.
The Electrochemical Flow Capacitor: A New Concept for Rapid Energy Storage and Recovery (2012)

Abstract Availability of grid‐scale electric energy storage systems with response rates on the order of seconds plays a key role in wide implementation of renewable energy sources. Here, a new concept called the electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is presented. This new concept shares the major advantages of both supercapacitors and flow batteries, providing rapid charging/discharging while enabling the decoupling of the power and energy ratings. Like in supercapacitors, energy is stored in the electric double layer of charged carbon particles. A flowable carbon‐electrolyte mixture is employed as the active material for capacitive energy storage, and is handled in a similar fashion to flow or semi‐solid batteries (i.e., for charging/discharging, it is pumped into an electrochemical cell, and for storage, it is pumped into reservoirs). This study presents the proof‐of‐concept of this technology and reports initial EFC performance data obtained under static and intermittent flow operations.
Mode-Locked and Repetition-Rate-Tunable Comb Generation Using Dual Coupled Microrings (2015)

A method incorporating controllable mode interaction is proposed for Kerr frequency comb generation in normal-dispersion microresonators. Repetition-rate-tunable combs and broadband mode-locking transitions are demonstrated by using dual silicon nitride microrings.
Combining Traceless Directing Groups with Hybridization Control of Radical Reactivity: From Skipped Enynes to Defect‐Free Hexagonal Frameworks (2016)

This work discloses the first general solution for converting oligoalkynes into polyaromatic polycyclic systems free of pentagonal defects. The efficiency and selectivity of this cascade originate from the combination of the Bu3 Sn-mediated TDG (traceless directing group) cascade transformations of skipped alkynes where the reactivity of the key radical precursor is tempered by hybridization effects. This approach ensures that the final structure consists of only six-membered rings. Practical implementation of this strategy is readily accomplished by incorporation of a suitably-substituted alkene as a final unit in the domino transformation. This strategy opens a new avenue for the controlled preparation of polyaromatic ribbons. The resulting ester functionality can be used for an additional Friedel-Crafts ring closure which effectively anneals two extra cycles with distinct electronic features to the extended aromatic system formed by the radical cascade.
Long-Acting Hydrocortisone for Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy (2007)

Drug delivery system technologies are now available that could permit design and manufacture of a formulation that could accommodate once-daily administration of HC. Such a formulation would enable more physiological serum cortisol-time profiles than are possible with currently available formulations. This short review provides some background on GC replacement therapy, along with recent data on the outcome of patient groups with GC insufficiency, and briefly discusses some general principles for a controlled-release ('long-acting') HC formulation.
Identification of localized autoantibody epitopes in thyroid peroxidase. (1992)

Recent reports have disagreed on the nature of the autoantibody epitopes in thyroid peroxidase (TPO). We used immunoprecipitation of recombinant human TPO constructs to determine if localized autoantibody binding sites exist in this autoantigen. In vitro transcription and translation of TPO cDNA fragments yielded 35S-labeled products consisting of either full-length protein (933 amino acids) or N-terminal peptides of 631, 455, and 120 amino acids. Immunoprecipitates analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed that the Hashimoto's sera consistently precipitated the full-length and the 631 amino acid products, but not the shorter N-terminal peptides. An additional construct resulting in a full-length TPO peptide with an internal deletion of amino acids 4-455 was also made, and this product was also precipitated by the Hashimoto's sera. A fusion protein consisting of maltose binding protein followed by amino acids 456-933 of human TPO was produced in Escherichia coli and subjected to Western blot analysis using the Hashimoto's sera. The Hashimoto's sera reacted with the MalTose binding protein TPO (MBP/TPO) fusion protein, but not a control fusion protein (MBP/LacZ alpha). Together, these results indicate the presence of localized autoantibody epitopes in the portion of the human TPO molecule from amino acids 456 to 933, with at least one binding site located between amino acids 456 and 631.
HYBRID SOL-GEL ELECTRO-OPTIC POLYMER MODULATORS: BEATING THE DRIVE VOLTAGE/LOSS TRADEOFF (2007)

There has been great progress in the development of electro-optic (EO) polymers with exceptionally high r 33 coefficients, with values ranging from 100–400 pm/V now being reported for single layer electro-optic polymer films. While this enables the fabrication of EO modulators with sub-volt operation, it is also necessary to make devices with acceptably low insertion loss (< 6 dB) in order to compete with existing technology. We have developed a solution to the voltage/insertion loss tradeoff in EO polymer modulators by adopting a hybrid geometry that provides for low optical coupling loss, electro-optic polymer limited propagation loss, highly efficient poling, and low cost fabrication. This combination of properties has allowed us to achieve r 33 = 170 pm/V in an EO phase modulator. In addition to this proven approach to optimizing the figure of merit, there are several other approaches that can have high impact. The development of low loss EO polymer and cladding materials and waveguides can greatly reduce the insertion loss of EO polymer modulators, through chemical substitution techniques such as selective halogenation, as well as through improved processing to reduce roughness, stress and poling induced losses. Halogenation can be used to reduce the number of C – H bonds, which have well-known stretch and bend vibrational modes whose overtones extend into the optical communications bands at 1550 nm and 1310 nm. While roughness and stress effects are well-understood from work on passive waveguides, the poling process can produce inhomogeneities that lead to increased scattering loss; molecular design can be used to reduce poling induced loss. Another approach is to adopt non-waveguide device formats that are more tolerant of material losses, such as Fabry-Perot etalons. While etalons may not be viable for very high speed applications (i.e., GHz regime), they present entirely new application areas for electro-optic polymers.
Photonic Integrated Circuits with Multiplexed Quantum Memories for Quantum Networks (2019)

Atom-like quantum emitters in diamond have emerged as leading spin-photon interfaces for quantum networks. This talk discusses the development of chip-based architectures to control large numbers of such artificial atoms for applications in quantum networks and modular quantum computing.
<scp>[Dmt<sup>1</sup>]N/OFQ(1–13)‐NH<sub>2</sub></scp>: a potent nociceptin/orphanin<scp>FQ</scp>and opioid receptor universal agonist (2012)

Collectively, these results demonstrate that [Dmt(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) behaves as NOP/opioid receptor universal agonist and substantiate the suggestion that such mixed ligands are worthy of development as innovative spinal analgesics.
Continuous Laser Generation of Ultrasound in Materials using High Power Fiber Lasers (2012)

High power cw lasers can be used to generate ultrasonic wavefronts in materials. Upon detection, these wavefronts provide a new and rapid method of determining strength and defects where contact ultrasound transducers cannot be used.
Low energy 16-bit Booth leapfrog array multiplier using dynamic adders (2007)

The paper presents a low-voltage (1–1.5 V) 16-bit Booth leapfrog array multiplier with emphasis on low energy dissipation, relatively high speed and small IC area. These attributes are achieved in two ways. First, low (hardware) complexity dynamic adders (DAs) are proposed and they are used to reduce spurious switching in the multiplier. Second, the specificities of the leapfrog architecture are exploited with the use of different output rates of the sum and carry outputs of the proposed DAs. When compared with other array multiplier designs, the proposed multiplier features the lowest energy dissipation and one of the shortest delays, resulting in the lowest energy–delay product. Furthermore, when compared with the reported dynamic array multiplier that features somewhat similar electrical characteristics, the proposed multiplier is advantageous in its substantially smaller (∼33%) IC area. Based on a 0.35 µm dual-poly four-metal CMOS process and at 1 V operation, the proposed multiplier dissipates ∼18 pJ, has a delay of ∼188 ns and occupies 0.11 mm2 of IC area. The proposed design is appropriate for low-voltage energy-critical and IC area-critical applications including hearing aids.
Towards practical cost-effective lens-free imaging (2017)

Lens-free holographic microscopy (LHM) is a promising imaging technique for life science and industrial applications, yet system miniaturization and cost reduction without compromising imaging performance remain challenging for field applications in low-resource settings. We demonstrate a cost-effective LHM system without needs for precision optical and mechanical parts (such as lenses, beam-splitters, or kinematic stages) and relies solely on robust optoelectronic hardware and software co-design for high performance imaging. The compact and lightweight form-factor is achieved through integration of light sources, an image sensor and all control electronics with automated calibration and multiwavelength reconstruction algorithms. Amplitude and phase images of a sample can be reconstructed in a few seconds with a micron level optical resolution in a field-of-view of 16.5 mm<sup>2</sup>. The method offers a portable and scalable solution for microscopic imaging applications.
Metal artifacts correction in cone-beam CT bone imaging (2007)

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) technique is needed by orthopaedists in their new studies to monitor bone volume growth and blood vessel growth of structural bone grafts used in reconstruction surgery. However, titanium plate and screws, which are commonly used to connect bone grafts to host bones, can cause severe streaking artifacts and shading artifact in the reconstructed images due to their high attenuation of x-rays. These metal artifacts will distort the information of the bone and cause difficulties when measuring bone volume growth and the inside blood vessel growth. To solve this problem and help orthopaedists quantitatively record the growth of bone grafts, we present a three-dimensional metal artifact correction technique to correct the streaking artifacts generated by titanium implants. In this project not only the artifacts need to be corrected but also the correct information of the bone is required in the image for the quantitative measurements. Both phantom studies and animal studies were conducted to test this correction method. Images without metal correction and images with metal correction were compared together, as well as the reference bone images acquired without metal. It's shown the streaking and shading artifacts were greatly reduced after metal correction. The accuracy of bone volume measurements was also greatly increased by 79% for phantom studies and 53% for animal studies.
Kinetic and catalytic aspects of the formation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) investigated with model molecules (1998)

Kinetic and catalytic aspects of the formation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) have been studied in this work using model molecules such as 2-hydroxyethyl 4-methylbenzoate (MP), 2-hydroxyethyl 4-benzoate (MB), and 2(-hydroxyethyl 4-methylbenzoate) 4-methylbenzoate (DP), synthesized and purified in our laboratories. The methods to obtain these molecules have been described in detail. Many kinetic runs have been performed using different catalysts, such as compounds of Sb, Ti, Zr, Al, Mo (VI), Mn, Zn, Sn (IV), and Ge. We have made kinetic runs on some catalysts under different operative conditions to evaluate the effect of catalyst concentration and temperature on the reaction rate. We have observed that a second-order kinetic law is suitable for both condensation and reverse reaction. All kinetic runs have been interpreted and kinetic parameters determined. Activity can depend on catalyst concentration in a different way for each type of catalyst. Bivalent metals activity is affected by the presence of a substituent in the aromatic ring, unlike tri- and tetravalent metals. Suggestions on the reaction mechanisms conclude the work. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2423–2433, 1998