gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum deposition at the osteoid-bone interface. An epiphenomenon of the osteomalacic state in vitamin D-deficient dogs. (1985)

Although aluminum excess is an apparent pathogenetic factor underlying osteomalacia in dialysis-treated patients with chronic renal failure, the mechanism by which aluminum impairs bone mineralization is unclear. However, the observation that aluminum is present at osteoid-bone interfaces in bone biopsies of affected patients suggests that its presence at calcification fronts disturbs the cellular and/or physiochemical processes underlying normal mineralization. Alternatively, aluminum at osteoid-bone interfaces may reflect deposition in preexistent osteomalacic bone without direct effects on the mineralization process. We investigated whether aluminum accumulates preferentially in osteomalacic bone and, if so, whether deposition of aluminum occurs at calcification fronts and specifically inhibits mineralization. Aluminum chloride (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously three times per week for 3 wk to five normal and five vitamin D-deficient osteomalacic dogs. Before administration of aluminum the vitamin D-deficient dogs had biochemical and bone biopsy evidence of osteomalacia. Bone aluminum content in the osteomalacic dogs (15.1 +/- 2.2 micrograms/g) and the plasma aluminum concentration (10.4 +/- 2.1 micrograms/liter) were no different than those of normal dogs (10.5 +/- 3.5 micrograms/g and 11.9 +/- 1.2 microgram/liter, respectively). After the 3 wk of aluminum administration the plasma phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were unchanged in normal and vitamin D-deficient dogs. Similarly, no alteration in bone histology occurred in either group. In contrast, bone aluminum content increased to a greater extent in the vitamin D-deficient dogs (390.3 +/- 24.3 micrograms/g) than in the normal dogs (73.6 +/- 10.6 micrograms/g). Moreover, aluminum localized at the osteoid-bone interfaces of the osteomalacic bone in the vitamin D-deficient dogs, covering 42.9 +/- 9.2% of the osteoid-bone surface. Further, in spite of continued aluminum chloride administration (1 mg/kg two times per week), vitamin D repletion of the vitamin D-deficient dogs for 11 wk resulted in normalization of their biochemistries. In addition, while normal dogs maintained normal bone histology during the period of continued aluminum administration, vitamin D repletion of the vitamin D-deficient dogs induced healing of their bones. Indeed, the appearance of aluminum in the cement lines of the healed bones indicated that mineralization had occurred at sites of prior aluminum deposition. These observations illustrate that aluminum deposition in osteomalacic bone may be a secondary event that does not influence bone mineralization. Thus, although aluminum may cause osteomalacia in chronic renal failure, its presence at mineralization fronts may not be the mechanism underlying this derangement.
Dechloro teicoplanin antibiotics. (1989)

Mono- and didechlorinated derivatives of the antibiotic teicoplanin, its pseudoaglycones and aglycone, and of one amide and ester of deglucoteicoplanin were prepared under selective reductive conditions. The selectivity and rate of dehalogenation were studied and compared to those of vancomycin and deglucovancomycin. The influence of the chlorine substituents on the mechanism of action and antibacterial activity of teicoplanin antibiotics was also investigated.
Transparent grippers for robot vision (2002)

While existing grippers execute manipulation tasks, they occlude parts of the objects they grasp as well as parts of the workspace from vision sensors. We present the concept of a transparent gripper that enables vision sensors to image an object without occlusion while it is being manipulated. The physics of refraction, total internal reflection, lens effects, dispersion and transmittance are analyzed to determine the geometry and material properties of a practical transparent gripper. Algorithms are presented that compensate for image shifts caused by refraction. The experiments demonstrate the proposed gripper to be an effective solution to a variety of problems, including 3D object model generation.
Development of the omni-directional, power-assisted cart (2001)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: POWER-ASSIST SYSTEMOMNI-DIRECTIONAL VEHICLEUNIVERSAL WHEEL
Experimental investigation of resonances in low-<i>Q</i> Josephson interferometer devices (1978)

Resonance dc structures are experimentally investigated in two-junction interferometers in which the device Q is adjusted to low values with an external resistor connected across the main device inductance. The measurements agree well with the results of a recent analytic theory of interferometer resonances and show that practical interferometer devices with low and adjustable resonance amplitudes can be built.
Combined Atrial and Ventricular Antitachycardia Pacing as a Novel Method of Rhythm Discrimination (2010)

We describe here a new pacing algorithm in dual-chamber defibrillators that can terminate arrhythmias or discriminate between 1:1 SVT and VT if the arrhythmia persists. Testing this new algorithm in larger patient populations is warranted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION- URL: http://ftp.resource.org/gpo.gov/register/2007/2007_15297.pdf. IDE No. G060230.
Rational Synthesis of Metastable Skutterudite Compounds Using Multilayer Precursors (1997)

A new metastable binary compound and a series of new, metastable ternary crystalline compounds with the skutterudite crystal structure have been prepared through controlled crystallization of amorphous reaction intermediates formed by low-temperature interdiffusion of modulated elemental reactants. Discussed in this paper are La1-xFe4Sb12, FeSb3, Hf1-xFe4Sb12, and Y1-xFe4Sb12. The amorphous reaction intermediate for each system crystallizes exothermically near 200 °C forming the desired skutterudite structure. At temperatures above 500 °C, they decompose exothermically forming a thermodynamically more stable mixture of binary compounds and elemental components. We propose that the desired compounds nucleate from the amorphous precursor because slow solid state diffusion rates hinder disproportionation into the more stable mix of binary compounds and elements. This general synthetic approach to prepare new metastable compounds gives control of both the composition and structure of the product compounds.
Non-Uniform Sub-Nyquist Optical Sampling by Acousto-Optic Delay Modulation (2018)

This paper presents an optical sampler based on the combination of a mode-locked laser and external acousto-optic delay modulator, and demonstrates its use in a non-uniformly subsampled photonic link. Delay modulation of the laser's uniformly spaced pulse sequence produces a non-uniformly spaced optical pulse train, which subsequently sub-samples the microwave input of the photonic link. Using this non-uniform sub-sampler, microwave frequencies spanning a range exceeding 200 Nyquist zones are aliased to a single zone, with modulation sidebands added that uniquely identify the input frequency. This enables wideband spectral folding and frequency disambiguation, using a single sampler that is based on a high-stability pulsed laser.
Gradient Based Optimization of an EMST Image Registration Function (2006)

This paper examines the problem of registering images using an information theoretic metric (e.g., entropy) estimated using a Euclidean minimum spanning tree (EMST). The objective is to find an extremum of the metric with respect to a vector of free parameters. One of the major difficulties posed by such graph theoretic metrics is concurrently obtaining gradient information as the metric is computed. Obtaining the gradient is a first step in efficiently optimizing the metric. Our main contribution is to show how to obtain a gradient-based descent direction from the computation of the EMST metric. We also indicate how this can be used for optimizing image registration over a vector set of parameters and provide some preliminary experimental results.
Design and fabrication of a high dynamic range image sensor in TFA technology (2002)

Image sensors in TFA (Thin Film on ASIC) technology are composed of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film detectors on top of crystalline ASICs. A TFA prototype for automotive vision systems is presented which allows each pixel to adapt its individual sensitivity to the local illumination. By this means, a dynamic range of 120 dB minimum along with high local contrast is achieved. The ASICs were fabricated in a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Controlling the Display of Capsule Endoscopy Video for Diagnostic Assistance (2009)

Interpretations by physicians of capsule endoscopy image sequences captured over periods of 7-8 hours usually require 45 to 120 minutes of extreme concentration. This paper describes a novel method to reduce diagnostic time by automatically controlling the display frame rate. Unlike existing techniques, this method displays original images with no skipping of frames. The sequence can be played at a high frame rate in stable regions to save time. Then, in regions with rough changes, the speed is decreased to more conveniently ascertain suspicious findings. To realize such a system, cue information about the disparity of consecutive frames, including color similarity and motion displacements is extracted. A decision tree utilizes these features to classify the states of the image acquisitions. For each classified state, the delay time between frames is calculated by parametric functions. A scheme selecting the optimal parameters set determined from assessments by physicians is deployed. Experiments involved clinical evaluations to investigate the effectiveness of this method compared to a standard-view using an existing system. Results from logged action based analysis show that compared with an existing system the proposed method reduced diagnostic time to around 32.5 ± minutes per full sequence while the number of abnormalities found was similar. As well, physicians needed less effort because of the systems efficient operability. The results of the evaluations should convince physicians that they can safely use this method and obtain reduced diagnostic times.
Polymeric Ligands with Specificity for Aggregated Prion Proteins (2003)

The misfolding of normal proteins and their subsequent aggregation in the brain is characteristic of a group of related neurologic diseases, the “protein conformational disorders”, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) (1). The development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assays for these diseases is a high priority as effective therapies become available or as food safety regulations mandate the removal of infected animals from the food chain.

Current test development effort in the TSE field has been focused mainly on designing screening tests for the aggregated prion proteins in bovine, ovine, and cervid brain tissue. Several immunoassays for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) have been evaluated by the European Union (EU) (2), and three are now approved for routine use in testing laboratories. Those approved include two ELISAs in the microplate format and reagents for a Western blot analysis. The abnormal, or rogue, prion protein detected by these tests is considered to be the best indicator of TSE infection (2), but the anti-prion protein antibodies used in these assays cannot distinguish the normal, globular, proteinase K-sensitive (α-helix-rich) form of the prion protein (PrPsen) from the abnormal, aggregated, and relatively proteinase K-resistant form (PrPres), in which the secondary structure is dominated by β-sheet. Thus, a complex sample preparation procedure is required to eliminate the normal prion protein in the brain homogenate before immunoassay, usually involving a proteinase K digestion step …
23.4: Electro‐Optic Properties of Ferroelectric Nanoparticle / Liquid Crystal Dispersions (2007)

Abstract We enhance the electro‐optic performance of liquid crystals by dispersing ferroelectric nanoparticles. Devices using these dispersions have lower driving voltages, faster switching speeds and higher contrast ratios. These changes are caused by increases in the dielectric anisotropy, birefringence and elastic constants and can be used to produce improved displays.
Rate-distortion analysis of the multiple description motion compensation video coding scheme (2003)

Multiple description motion compensation (MDMC) is a multiple description video coding scheme that has shown good error resilience performance. MDMC enables one to vary coding parameters according to the desired trade-off between coding efficiency and error resilience. To fully utilize this advantage, one needs to establish a set of models, relating the rate, encoder distortion, and the end-to-end distortion after transmission, with the encoder parameters and channel parameters. Using these models, one can find the optimal coding parameters for given channel parameters and rate (or distortion) constraints. In this paper, we formulate and validate the rate and encoder distortion models.
Specific targeting of the deubiquitinase and E3 ligase families with engineered ubiquitin variants (2016)

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has garnered much attention due to its potential for the development of therapeutics. Following a successful clinical application of general proteasome inhibitors much effort has been devoted to targeting individual UPS components including E3 enzymes and deubiquitinases that control specificity of ubiquitination. Our group has developed a novel approach for targeting the UPS proteins using engineered ubiquitin variants (Ubvs). These drug-like proteins can serve as valuable tools to study biological function of UPS components and assist in the development of small molecules for clinical use. In this review, we summarize studies of Ubvs targeting members of three major families, including deubiquitinases, HECT E3 ligases, and CRL E3 ligases. In particular, we focus on Ubv binding mechanisms, structural studies, and effects on enzyme function. Furthermore, new insights gained from the Ubvs are discussed in the context of small molecule studies.
Glycosylation of serum haptoglobin as a marker of gastric cancer: an overview for clinicians (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide because of difficulties in early diagnosis. Aberrant glycosylation in serum proteins has been associated with many human diseases. Serum haptoglobin, a highly sialylated glycoprotein with four <i>N</i>-glycosylation sites, has gained considerable attention due to its potential as a signature molecule to display aberrant glycosylation in inflammatory disorders and various types of cancer. In particular, the relevance of haptoglobin glycosylation in GC has been investigated in a multifaceted way.<b>Areas covered</b>: The screening of haptoglobin glycosylation could offer an alternative approach toward GC diagnosis and detection. In this report, various assay platforms such as glycan profiling, site-specific glycopeptide profiling, and intact protein profiling are introduced for the detection of abnormal glycosylation of serum haptoglobin.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Although aberrant glycosylation of serum haptoglobin is associated with gastric cancer patients and might be a promising marker of GC screening, the development of a diagnosis platform to increase specificity and sensitivity for clinical use is still an analytical challenge. However, the continuous advancement of analytical technologies and methods will spur the paradigm shift from traditional serum markers, enabling the effective mining of human glycoproteome for GC diagnostic markers.
Data-driven optimization of search service composition for answering multi-domain queries (2009)

Answering multi-domain queries requires the combination of knowledge from various domains.Such queries are inadequately answered by general-purpose search engines, because domainspecific systems typically exhibit sophisticated knowledge about their own fields of expertise.Moreover, multi-domain queries typically require combining in the result domain knowledge possibly coming from multiple web resources, therefore conventional crawling and indexing techniques, based on individual pages, are not adequate.In this paper we present a conceptual framework for addressing the composition of search services for solving multi-domain queries.The approach consists in building an infrastructure for search service composition that leaves within each search system the responsibility of maintaining and improving its domain knowledge, and whose main challenge is to provide the "glue" between them; such glue is expressed in the format of joins upon search service results, and for this feature we regard our approach as "data-driven".We present an overall architecture, and the work that has been done so far in the development of some of the main modules.
New Polyphosphazenes with Unsaturated Side Groups:  Use as Reaction Intermediates, Cross-Linkable Polymers, and Components of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (1996)

A number of new poly(organophosphazenes) have been synthesized which bear 2-butenoxy or (4-(allyloxy)phenyl)phenoxy side groups. Cosubstituent groups included trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, or (benzyloxy)phenoxy groups. Species with (4-(allyloxy)phenyl)phenoxy units underwent Si−H coupling with linear silanes or siloxanes to extend the side groups and form hybrid phosphazene/organosilicon polymers. A number of these polymers are rubbery elastomers which are readily cross-linked by heat or light. Seven of the mixed-substituent, cross-linked polymers were incorporated into interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) with polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyacrylonitrile, poly(acrylic acid), and poly(dimethylsiloxane). The phase compatibility characteristics of the IPN's were assessed by DSC, TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy data.
Advanced Single Crystal Piezoelectric Transducers for Naval Sonar and Medical Ultrasound Applications (2008)

Single crystal piezoelectrics have received much attention due to their very high piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling coefficients. Naval sonar and medical ultrasound transducers, fabricated from this material, exhibit unprecedented increases in bandwidth, source level, and sensitivity compared to ceramic based devices. In this paper we report many new developments in the growth and manufacture of single crystals. These include increased diameter (&gt; 3") crystal boules, improved compositional uniformity, increased thermal stability, and minimized surface damage. Manufacturing improvements are being applied to a broad range of crystal transducer applications. For navy sonar systems, crystals are resulting in very high bandwidths (&gt; 100%) for transducer sizes that are 1/2 the resonating length and 1/4 the weight of ceramic counterparts with equivalent (or often lower) source level. Manufacturing improvements such as high tensile strength, achieved by precision polishing crystal surfaces, are enabling new transducer operational regimes not possible with ceramic. In particular, single crystal 1-3 composite projectors show promise for achieving high source level in a compact, integrated system designs. Single crystals are also enabling new applications in medical ultrasound including very broadband and extremely high frequency transducers. Further improvements are expected in the near future.
Sensitive detection of phosphopeptides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: use of alkylphosphonic acids as matrix additives (2008)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been one of the most powerful tools for analyzing protein phosphorylation. However, it is frequently difficult to detect phosphopeptides with high sensitivity by MALDI-MS. In our investigation of matrix/matrix-additive substances for improving the phosphopeptide ion response in MALDI-MS, we found that the addition of low-concentration alkylphosphonic acid to the matrix/analyte solution significantly enhanced the signal of phosphopeptides. In this study, the combination of methanediphosphonic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid gave the best results. In addition to enhancing the signal of the phosphopeptides, alkylphosphonic acid almost completely eliminated the signals of sodium and potassium ion adducts. We report herein sensitive detection of phosphopeptides by MALDI-MS with the use of alkylphosphonic acids as matrix additives.
SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine. (1993)

The live modified rabies virus vaccine strain SAG-2 was selected from SADBerne in a two step process employing anti-rabies glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies. The first two nucleotides coding for the amino acid in position 333 of the rabies glycoprotein are mutated. Arginine at position 333, which is associated with rabies pathogenicity, was substituted first by lysine and then by glutamic acid. The two nucleotide differences at position 333 in SAG-2 to any of six possible arginine triplets translated into excellent genetic stability and apathogenicity for adult mice, foxes, cats and dogs. The vaccination of foxes and dogs by the oral route provided protection against a lethal challenge with rabies virus.
Using arrays of air-filled resonators to attenuate low frequency underwater sound (2015)

This paper investigates the acoustic behavior of underwater air-filled resonators that could potentially be used in an underwater noise abatement system. The resonators are similar to Helmholtz resonators without a neck, consisting of underwater inverted air-filled cavities with combinations of rigid and elastic wall members, and they are intended to be fastened to a framework to form a stationary array surrounding a noise source, such as a marine pile driving operation, a natural resource production platform, or an air gun array, or to protect a receiving area from outside noise. Previous work has demonstrated the potential of surrounding low frequency sound sources with arrays of large stationary encapsulated bubbles that can be designed to attenuate sound levels over any desired frequency band and with levels of reduction up to 50 dB [Lee and Wilson, Proceedings of Meeting on Acoustics 19, 075048 (2013)]. Open water measurements of underwater sound attenuation using resonators were obtained during a set of lake experiments, where a low-frequency electromechanical sound source was surrounded by different arrays of resonators. The results indicate that air-filled resonators are a potential alternative to using encapsulated bubbles for low frequency underwater noise mitigation.
Advances in passive imaging elements with micromirror array (2008)

We have proposed a new passive imaging optics which consists of a grid array of micro roof mirrors working as dihedral corner reflectors. Although this element forms mirror-like images at opposite side of objects, the images are real. Because the imaging principle of the proposed element is based on accumulation of rays, the design of each light path makes many kinds of devices possible. So, we propose two variations of such a device. One device consists of an array of micro retroreflectors and a half mirror, and it can also form real mirror-like images. The advantage of this device is wide range of view, because the displacement of each retororeflector is not limited on a plane unlike the roof mirror grid array. The other consists of an array of long dihedral corner reflectors. Although this structure has been already known as a roof mirror array, it can be used for imaging. This device forms two heterogeneous images. One is real at the same side of an object, and the other is virtual at the opposite side. This is a conjugate imaging optics of a slit mirror array whose mirror surface is perpendicular to the device surface. The advantage of a roor mirror array is that the real image has horizontal parallax and can be seen in air naturally.