gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-order &#x0394;&#x03A3;AD modulator with novel feedforward architecture (2007)

This paper proposes novel feedforward architecture of a second-order DeltaSigmaAD modulator with single DAC- feedback topology. DeltaSigmaAD modulator realizes high resolution by oversampling and noise shaping technique. However, its SNDR (signal to noise and distortion ratio) is limited by the dynamic range of the input signal and non-idealities of building blocks, particularly by the harmonic distortion in amplifier circuits. Compared with a feed backed DeltaSigmaAD modulator, in a full feedforward DeltaSigmaAD modulator structure, the signal transfer function is unity under ideal circumstances. It means that the signal swings through the loop filter become smaller. Therefore, the harmonic distortion generated inside the loop filter can be significantly reduced because the effect of non-idealities in amplifiers can be suppressed when signal swing is small. Moreover, the reduction of the internal signal swings also relaxes output swing requirement for amplifiers in low-voltage design. However, in conventional feedforward DeltaSigmaAD modulator, an analog adder is needed before quantizer. Especially in a multibit modulator, an additional amplifier is necessary to realize the summation of feedforward signals, which leads to large chip area and extra power dissipation. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture of a feedforward DeltaSigmaAD modulator. It realizes the summation of feedforward signals without additional amplifier that is equivalent to the conventional one but smaller chip area and low-power dissipation. We also conducted MATLAB and SPICE simulations to verify the proposed architecture and modulator circuits.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationship Development of a Series of <i>N</i>-(4-Acetamido)phenylpicolinamides as Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 (mGlu<sub>4</sub>) with CNS Exposure in Rats (2011)

Herein we report the discovery, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of N-(4-acetamido)-phenylpicolinamides as positive allosteric modulators of mGlu(4). Compounds from the series show submicromolar potency at both human and rat mGlu(4). In addition, pharmacokinetic studies utilizing subcutaneous dosing demonstrated good brain exposure in rats.
A Broad-Coverage Normalization System for Social Media Language (2012)

Social media language contains huge amount and wide variety of nonstandard tokens, cre-ated both intentionally and unintentionally by the users. It is of crucial importance to nor-malize the noisy nonstandard tokens before applying other NLP techniques. A major challenge facing this task is the system cov-erage, i.e., for any user-created nonstandard term, the system should be able to restore the correct word within its top n output candi-dates. In this paper, we propose a cognitively-driven normalization system that integrates different human perspectives in normalizing the nonstandard tokens, including the en-hanced letter transformation, visual priming, and string/phonetic similarity. The system was evaluated on both word- and message-level using four SMS and Twitter data sets. Results show that our system achieves over 90 % word-coverage across all data sets (a 10 % absolute increase compared to state-of-the-art); the broad word-coverage can also successfully translate into message-level per-formance gain, yielding 6 % absolute increase compared to the best prior approach. 1
Mesoporous Ni<sub>60</sub>Fe<sub>30</sub>Mn<sub>10</sub>-alloy based metal/metal oxide composite thick films as highly active and robust oxygen evolution catalysts (2015)

A major challenge in the field of water electrolysis is the scarcity of oxygen-evolving catalysts that are inexpensive, highly corrosion-resistant, suitable for large-scale applications and able to oxidize water at high current densities and low overpotentials. Most unsupported, non-precious metals oxygen-evolution catalysts require at least ~350 mV overpotential to oxidize water with a current density of 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> in 1 M alkaline solution. Here we report on a robust nanostructured porous NiFe-based oxygen evolution catalyst made by selective alloy corrosion. In 1 M KOH, our material exhibits a catalytic activity towards water oxidation of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 360 mV overpotential and is stable for over eleven days. This exceptional performance is attributed to three factors. First, the small size of the ligaments and pores in our mesoporous catalyst (~10 nm) results in a high BET surface area (43 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and therefore a high density of oxygen-evolution catalytic sites per unit mass. Second, the open porosity facilitates effective mass transfer at the catalyst/electrolyte interface. Third and finally, the high bulk electrical conductivity of the mesoporous catalyst allows for effective current flow through the electrocatalyst, making it possible to use thick films with a high density of active sites and ~3×10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> of catalytic area per cm<sup>2</sup> of electrode area. Our mesoporous catalyst is thus attractive for alkaline electrolyzers where water-based solutions are decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen as the only products, driven either conventionally or by photovoltaics.
Reduction of false alarms caused by background boundaries in real time subspace RX anomaly detection (2009)

Hyperspectral anomaly detector Subspace RX (SSRX), a version of the RX algorithm, has been
extensively investigated and its real time implementation performs reasonably well with
hyperspectral imagery. However, the problem of false alarms arising at the boundaries between
different backgrounds yet needs to be addressed. We consider two paths to the solution: virtual
imagery rotation to change the scanning direction and introduction of latency into the data
processing. The former approach is based on analysis of the detection result's dependence on the
orientation of background boundaries relative to the scanning direction. The latter approach
enables incorporation of various background statistics before detection reaches the boundary.
Performance of improved SSRX is investigated using collected and simulated hyperspectral
imagery.
Thioesterase II, a New Marker Enzyme for Human Cells of Breast Epithelial Origin2 (1984)

Metabolic, enzymologic, and immunohistochemical techniques have been used to show that a human cell line of breast epithelial origin synthesized medium chain fatty acids via the ubiquitous fatty acid synthetase and a mammary-specific chain-terminating enzyme, thioesterase II. Previous studies in our laboratory with rodents indicated that thioesterase II is expressed exclusively in mammary epithelial cells, an observation consistent with the physiologic role of the enzyme in milk fat synthesis. Results of the present study suggest that the enzyme exhibits a similar cell specificity in its expression in humans and that the specificity is maintained in normal and neoplastic tissues. Thus thioesterase II was detected immunohistochemically in normal human breast epithelia derived from both lactating and nonlactating breast tissue, in cultured cells derived from both primary breast epithelial tumors and from a metastatic tumor of breast origin, and in several human breast epithelial cell lines; the enzyme could not be detected in HeLa cells, in a colon carcinoma, or in a mammary myoepithelial cell line. These findings raise the possibility that thioesterase II may be of use as a diagnostic tool to identify human tumors of breast epithelial origin.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reversible Alkene‐Nitrile Interconversion Through Controllable Transfer Hydrocyanation (2016)

Abstract Review: 40 refs.
Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction of Unprotected Sugars in Water or in the Absence of Any Solvent: One‐Step Access to <i>C</i>‐Glycoside Amphiphiles (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of C ‐glycosides in water or in the absence of any solvent from free sugars and β‐keto phosphonates is reported. The methodology permits a one‐step access to C ‐glycoside amphiphiles in moderate‐to‐good yields. The selectivity (α/β and furanoside/pyranoside) is discussed and a process that leads to pure β‐ C ‐pyranosides is also described.
Microwave stethoscope: A new method for measuring human vital signs (2011)

A new microwave method for human vital signs measurements is described. The method is based on reflection coefficient measurements, thus realizing the microwave stethoscope vision, and the use of DSP algorithms for extracting vital signs. A unique microwave coupler/sensor with good impedance matching to human skin is designed and the developed measurement procedure is verified experimentally using phantom models. Obtained results demonstrated the ability to extract parameters such as breathing rate, heart rate, and lung water content from a single microwave measurement. Results from this new approach are also compared with a previously described transmission coefficient measurement-based method. It is shown that while the transmission measurements provide more sensitivity, the reflection coefficient based results are also accurate and received signal/noise levels are well within the capabilities of the developed DSP algorithms. Results from the phantom experiment as well as from experimental data from a dog experiment are used in this comparative study. The proposed experimental procedure as well as the experimental and DSP extracted vital signs results will be presented.
25 TW, two-cycle IR laser pulses via frequency domain optical parametric amplification (2017)

Broadband optical parametric amplification in the IR region has reached a new milestone through the use of a non-collinear Frequency domain Optical Parametric Amplification system. We report a laser source delivering 11.6 fs pulses with 30 mJ of energy at a central wavelength of 1.8 μm at 10 Hz repetition rate corresponding to a peak power of 2.5 TW. The peak power scaling is accompanied by a pulse shortening of about 20% upon amplification due to the spectral reshaping with higher gain in the spectral wings. This source paves the way for high flux soft X-ray pulses and IR-driven laser wakefield acceleration.
Partial argentation resin chromatography (PARC): I. Effect of percent silver on elution and separation of methyl octadecadienoate isomers (1980)

Abstract Partial argentation resin chromatography (PARC) for the separation of octadecadienoate ester isomers was investigated. In comparison to saturated silver resin chromatography, the time necessary to elute methyl cis,cis ‐octadecadienaotes was dramatically shortened when columns containing sulfonic acid ion exchange resin silvered in the range of 60~90% of theoretical (meaning 60~90% of the sulfonic acid protons in the resin were replaced by silver ions) were used. Methods for preparation and silvering of the resin are discussed. The XN1010 resin (Rohm and Haas) was analyzed for total sulfonic acid groups and the amount of silver that can be incorporated by one or 2 treatments with silver nitrate was determined. A series of partially silvered resin columns was prepared and samples of methyl linoleate were eluted to study the effect of the percentage silvering on elution volumes and peak shapes. Twenty‐gram samples of mixtures of cis,trans ‐ and trans,trans ‐ and of trans,cis ‐ and cis,cis ‐methyl 12,15‐octadecadienoates were separated on a 91% PARC (91% silvered) column.
Recent progress in gellan gum hydrogels provided by functionalization strategies (2016)

Gellan gum, a microbial exopolysaccharide fermentation product of Pseudomonas elodea, is a natural biomaterial that has shown promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Although this exopolysaccharide possesses many advantages, such as interesting physicochemical properties and non-cytotoxicity, the mechanical properties and processability of gellan gum are not totally satisfactory in different tissue engineering contexts, i.e. gellan gum hydrogels are mechanically weak and the high gelling temperature is also unfavourable. An additional critical limitation is the lack of specific attachment sites for anchorage-dependent cells. However, the multiple hydroxyl groups and the free carboxyl per repeating unit of gellan gum can be used for chemical modification and functionalization in order to optimize its physicochemical and biological properties. A number of physical modification approaches have also been employed. This review outlines the recent progress in gellan gum hydrogels and their derivatives, and identifies the new challenges in tissue engineering, provided by blending and/or chemical modification.
Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis (2015)

A new method of optical frequency division is demonstrated using a tunable electrical oscillator to create combs through phase modulation of a dual Brillouin laser frequency reference. The method is used to generate stable microwaves.
Large-Scale InP Transmitter PICs for PM-DQPSK Fiber Transmission Systems (2010)

We report here the first demonstration of a large-scale monolithically integrated InP-based 10-channel 45.6-Gb/s per channel transmitter photonic integrated circuit employing polarization-multiplexed differential quadrature phase-shift keying modulation format.
Cadmium–tin-oxide films deposited by dc reactive sputtering from a Cd-Sn alloy target (1980)

Cadmium–tin-oxide films with high conductivity and high visible transmission were prepared by dc reactive sputtering from a Cd-Sn alloy target in an Ar-O2 atmosphere. The electrical and optical properties of these films were found to depend strongly uponthe oxygen concentration in an Ar-O2 atmosphere during deposition. Films with a lowest resistivity of 2.0×10−4 Ω cm and a highest transmission of 90% over the visible region have been obtained for a 6% oxygen concentration in an Ar-O2 atmosphere.
Effect of VK framework‐1 glycosylation on the binding affinity of lymphoma‐specific murine and chimeric LL2 antibodies and its potential use as a novel conjugation site (1995)

A potential asparagine (Asn)-linked glycosylation site was identified in the VK FRI sequence of an anti-B lymphoma monoclonal antibody (MAb), LL2.SDS-PAGE analysis and endo-F treatment of both murine and chimeric LL2 antibodies indicated that this site was glycosylated; however, no differences in the binding affinity to Raji cells were observed between the native murine LL2 and the endo-F-deglycosylated murine LL2 antibodies. Elimination of the glycosylation site from the chimeric LL2 antibody was accomplished by an Asn to Gln mutation in the tri-acceptor site found in the light chain. The resultant aglycosylated chimeric LL2 exhibited a similar Raji cell binding affinity to that of the glycosylated form. The results are in agreement with computer modeling studies which suggested the lack of interactions between the oligosaccharide moiety and the CDRs. The finding is interesting because it enables a wider choice of human framework sequences, which in most cases do not have a corresponding glycosylation site, for the humanization of the LL2 VK domain, as well as a greater latitude of host expression systems. Most importantly, the LL2 VK carbohydrate moiety might be used as a novel conjugation site for drugs and radionuclides without compromising the immunoreactivity of the antibody.
A Dynamic Programming Approach to Distortion-Energy Optimization for Distributed Wavelet Compression with Applications to Data Gathering Inwireless Sensor Networks (2006)

We address a scenario where energy-constrained sensors in a wireless sensor network can choose among different distributed coding schemes to encode their data. We propose a framework where the network is described as a graph, with sensors representing the nodes, and where communication and processing costs are associated to edge weights and the coding schemes associated to states of operation. After describing data transitions and edge costs, we show that a shortest-path algorithm can be used to find the optimum network configuration, i.e., the one that leads to the lowest overall energy consumption
New Structures of Polyphase Claw-Pole Machines (2004)

New structures of motor magnetic circuits can be realized by use of the soft magnetic composites. This paper presents new claw-pole motors with a polyphase winding and a standard cylindrical rotor which use these isotropic materials. A division of the stator magnetic circuit into three parts and the use of a centralized-concentrated winding with a small number of coils simplify the production process, the mechanical assembly, and the winding realization. With these special stator geometries, the electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal functions are integrated into the same stator parts. This integration is much better than in a classical two-dimensional (2-D) structure using a laminated material. There is no end winding and the copper volume can be minimized. The size of the additional parts which are necessary for the bearing housings and the mechanical fixation of the rotor are reduced. These structures can be equipped with an integrated cooling system, with efficient air convection or water circulation. This paper describes the design approach of these original structures. It demonstrates that such three-dimensional (3-D) structures can be derived from their equivalent 2-D structures with a concentrated winding. The concept and the design approach are validated by the realization and the comparative experimental tests of two prototypes with a 3-D and its equivalent 2-D structure.
Solvent refining for clean coal combustion (1976)

Solvent refining removes sulfur and particulates from coal by the use of hydrogen in a reaction system at elevated temperature and pressure. In this process, a substantial portion of the coal is dissolved by an internally generated solvent. Particulates are removed by filtration or other methods. About 70 percent of the sulfur is converted to hydrogen sulfide and filterable iron sulfides. The end product, a liquid under reaction process conditions, is cooled to an essentially ash-free solid of reduced sulfur content that is useful as a fuel for power generation. A critical matter is the rate of solvent generation. It must be ''balanced'' to provide the solvent needed to slurry new coal entering the process, despite the cracking of the solvent to lower boiling liquids and gaseous products.
Synthesis of Phosphor Materials Using Silica Sand (2005)

The silica sand is primarily composed of high purity SiO2. Mt. Iide over Niigata, Yamagata and Fukushima prefectures is known as a rich mine for silica sand. In this study, we adopted natural resource (silica sand from Mt. Iide, Osodani area) as a starting material for the synthesis of akermanite type long-persistent phosphor Sr2MgSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+. The silica sand derived (Sr0.98Eu0.01Dy0.01)2MgSi2O7 showed long afterglow phenomena. Therefore, the silica sand can be potentially used in preparing silicate phosphors.
Silica-supported aminoxyls as reactive materials for NO<sub>x</sub>removal (2010)

The design of new materials for gaseous NOx (NO and NO2) removal at ambient temperature using organic active sites is reported. The materials consist of unfunctionalized silica and silica modified by immobilized aminoxyls and function via sequential processes consisting of (i) NO oxidation to NO2 and (ii) NO2 storage. NOx removal by physical mixtures of immobilized PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl) sites on silica as the NO oxidant and hydrated silica as the NO2 trap occurs with significant degradation of the PTIO oxidant via undesired side reactions with NO2 when NO2 adsorption sites are fewer than required for its complete removal along the packed bed. The use of packed beds with sufficient NO2 adsorption sites requires a large excess of unfunctionalized silica, because of its low surface density of geminal silanols, which are shown to be the relevant sites for NO2 storage on silica at ambient temperature based on density functional theory calculations. This PTIO degradation is circumvented by the design of NOx traps consisting of immobilized PTIO on silica as the NO oxidant and immobilized TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) on silica as an adsorbent with a high density of strong NO2 binding sites. Packed beds consisting of a 2 : 1 molar mixture of PTIO and TEMPO sites consume NOx as predicted by stoichiometry without detectable PTIO degradation and also without a contribution from geminal silanols as NO2 storage sites. This result requires that PTIO and TEMPO sites on silica render geminal silanols as inactive towards NO2 storage presumably because of the titration of these silanols by immobilized aminoxyls.
Silica membranes for hydrogen separation in coal gas processing (1993)

The general objective of this project was to synthesize permselective membranes suitable for hydrogen separation from coal gas. The specific objectives were: (i) to synthesize membranes by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiO[sub 2] or other oxides on porous support tubes, (ii) characterize the membranes by permeation measurements of various gases and by electron microscopy, and (iii) obtain information about the mechanism and kinetics Of SiO[sub 2] deposition, and model the process of membrane formation. Silica glass and certain other glasses, in dense (nonporous) form, are highly selective to hydrogen permeation. Since this high selectivity is accompanied by low permeability, however, a practical membrane must have a composite structure consisting of a thin layer of the active oxide supported on a porous tube or plate providing mechanical support. In this project the membranes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiO[sub 2], TiO[sub 2], Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] and B[sub 2]O[sub 3] layers inside the walls of porous Vycor tubes (5 mm ID, 7 mm OD, 40 [Angstrom] mean pore diameter). Deposition of the oxide layer was carried out using the reaction of SiCl[sub 4] (or TiCl[sub 4], AlCl[sub 3], BCl[sub 3]) and water vapor at elevated temperatures. The porous support tube was inserted concentrically into a larger quartz tube and fitted with flow lines and pressure gauges. The flow of the two reactant streams was regulated by mass flow controllers, while the temperature was controlled by placing the reactor into a split-tube electric furnace.