gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monte-Carlo modelling to determine optimum filter choices for sub-microsecond optical pyrometry (2017)

When designing a spectral-band pyrometer for use at high time resolutions (sub-μs), there is ambiguity regarding the optimum characteristics for a spectral filter(s). In particular, while prior work has discussed uncertainties in spectral-band pyrometry, there has been little discussion of the effects of noise which is an important consideration in time-resolved, high speed experiments. Using a Monte-Carlo process to simulate the effects of noise, a model of collection from a black body has been developed to give insights into the optimum choices for centre wavelength and passband width. The model was validated and then used to explore the effects of centre wavelength and passband width on measurement uncertainty. This reveals a transition centre wavelength below which uncertainties in calculated temperature are high. To further investigate system performance, simultaneous variation of the centre wavelength and bandpass width of a filter is investigated. Using data reduction, the effects of temperature and noise levels are illustrated and an empirical approximation is determined. The results presented show that filter choice can significantly affect instrument performance and, while best practice requires detailed modelling to achieve optimal performance, the expression presented can be used to aid filter selection.
Cerebral β-Amyloid Angiopathy Is Associated with Earlier Dementia Onset in Alzheimer's Disease (2016)

Our results suggest that CAA contributes to changes in early AD pathogenesis. This supports the idea that vascular change and neuritic plaque deposition are not just parallel processes but reflect additive pathological cascades that influence the course of clinical AD manifestation. Further inquiry into the role of CAA and its contribution to early cognitive change in AD is suggested.
Prolactin and Neuroimmunomodulation: <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Observations (1999)

Prolactin (PL) is a mammotropic neuropeptide produced by the pituitary and extrapituitary cells existing as several isoforms and belongs to the growth and lactogenic hormone family, which includes growth hormone and placental lactogens. The secretion of pituitary PL is under hypothalamic control. The cytokines IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 also stimulate production, while IFN-gamma and endothelin-3 are inhibitory. PL exerts its effects via PL receptors (PLr) which exist as three isoforms. PL regulates reproduction, osmoregulation, and behavior and has potent immunomodulatory effects. PL is structurally related to members of the cytokine/hematopoietic family such as erythropoietin, GM-CSF, growth hormone, and IL-2 to IL-7. The PLr is a member of the cytokine/hematopoietic receptor family. Interaction of PL with PLr activates the Jak kinases which phosphorylate latent STAT proteins resulting in the activation of transcription. PL counteracts the effects of corticosteroids by enhancing Th1 cellular responses. Perturbations of PL physiology have significant immunologic effects. Hypoprolactinemia impairs immune function while hyperprolactinemia enhances active systemic lupus erythematosus, Reiter's disease, juvenile and adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and cardiac allograft rejection. PL gene polymorphisms have now been shown to be linked to RA. Thus, manipulation of PL may have significant clinical utility. Further study of the relationship of the PL/PLr complex, other hormones, and the immune system will provide further insights into the potential therapeutic utility of this complex in immune diseases.
Immunoprivileged no more: measuring the immunogenicity of allogeneic adult mesenchymal stem cells (2017)

This review details what is currently known about the immunogenicity of allogeneic MSCs and suggests contemporary assays that could be utilized in future studies to appropriately identify and measure immune responses to MHC-mismatched MSCs.
Microflora associated with experimental root surface caries in humans (1990)

This study describes the microflora from actively progressing root surface caries lesions, in which mineral loss had been determined by quantitative microradiography. The caries lesions were produced experimentally in root surface specimens from human molars inserted in lower partial dentures carried for 3 months by six elderly individuals. A total of 780 bacterial isolates were identified from 13 plaque samples, collected with a punch technique, and six dentin samples. The composition of the microflora showed distinct individual differences. The microflora from plaque samples associated with the highest mineral loss was dominated by either Actinomyces viscosus or a combination of mutans streptococci (serotypes c, d, and f) and Lactobacillus species (L. casei and L. brevis). Plaque from root surfaces with less pronounced mineral loss harbored a more complex microflora comprising gram-positive rods, mutans streptococci, Streptococcus mitis biovar 1, Veillonella spp., gram-negative rods, and low numbers of lactobacilli. In the latter samples, individual variations in the proportions of mutans streptococci (serotypes c, d, and g), Actinomyces species (A. viscosus and A. naeslundii), and Veillonella parvula biotypes were observed. These findings suggest that certain species or combinations of species are more cariogenic than others and that dominance of single acidogenic species in particular is conducive to high caries activity.
Ultra-low-power clock generation circuit for EPC standard UHF RFID transponders (2008)

A 0.6 V 720 nW relaxation oscillator fabricated in a standard 0.13 µm CMOS process is proposed as the clock generation circuit for EPC standard UHF RFID transponders. A less than 2% frequency variation is achieved at the frequency of 5.65 MHz when supply voltage varies from 0.6 to 1.0 V.
[Blood supply of the ear and gravity]. (1992)

The terminal circulation of the labyrinth is weak and slow. There is no musculature or vasomotor innervation in labyrinthine arterial vessels, which makes hardly feasible circulation control for therapeutic purposes. The rate of circulation in the labyrinth varies as a function of local pCO2 and is controlled by arteriolar-venular anastomoses. Labyrinthine circulation is also influenced by the gravitational field. This is especially true of man and his upright posture because changes in the spatial body position cause significant blood shifts. In the dependent segments of the body, the hydrostatic pressure of arterial and venous blood increases and intracapillary pressure grows. As a result, capillaries become enlarged inducing mixed-type hyperemia. Transcapillary filtration of plasma containing oxygen and trophic substances, including drugs, enhances. Under conditions of mixed, partially venous, hyperemia the number of functioning capillaries increases. In the cranial part, including the labyrinth, these reactions have a negative sign in the orthostatic position, and a positive sign in the antiorthostatic position. In order to increase the efficacy of innex ear treatment, we applied the method of therapeutic hyperemia. Patients were kept in a head-down position at -15 degrees for an hour and drugs were administered. This therapy proved effective in cases of sensory hypoacusis.
Polyfunctional response by Imm<scp>TAC</scp> (<scp>IMC</scp>gp100) redirected <scp>CD</scp>8<sup>+</sup> and <scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> T cells (2017)

The success of immune system-based cancer therapies depends on a broad immune response engaging a range of effector cells and mechanisms. Immune mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptors (TCRs) against cancer (ImmTAC™ molecules: fusion proteins consisting of a soluble, affinity enhanced TCR and an anti-CD3 scFv antibody) were previously shown to redirect CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells against tumours. Here we present evidence that IMCgp100 (ImmTAC recognizing a peptide derived from the melanoma-specific protein, gp100, presented by HLA-A*0201) efficiently redirects and activates effector and memory cells from both CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> repertoires. Using isolated subpopulations of T cells, we find that both terminally differentiated and effector memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells redirected by IMCgp100 are potent killers of melanoma cells. Furthermore, CD4<sup>+</sup> effector memory T cells elicit potent cytotoxic activity leading to melanoma cell killing upon redirection by IMCgp100. The majority of T cell subsets belonging to both the CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> repertoires secrete key pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-6) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α-β, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). At an individual cell level, IMCgp100-redirected T cells display a polyfunctional phenotype, which is a hallmark of a potent anti-cancer response. This study demonstrates that IMCgp100 induces broad immune responses that extend beyond the induction of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These findings are of particular importance because IMCgp100 is currently undergoing clinical trials as a single agent or in combination with check point inhibitors for patients with malignant melanoma.
Challenges in Targeting a Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Transcription Factor with Hydrocarbon-Stapled Peptides (2016)

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play critical roles in organism development and disease by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Transcriptional activity, whether by bHLH homo- or heterodimerization, is dependent on protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions mediated by α-helices. Thus, α-helical decoys have been proposed as potential targeted therapies for pathologic bHLH transcription. Here, we developed a library of stabilized α-helices of OLIG2 (SAH-OLIG2) to test the capacity of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides to disrupt OLIG2 homodimerization, which drives the development and chemoresistance of glioblastoma multiforme, one of the deadliest forms of human brain cancer. Although stapling successfully reinforced the α-helical structure of bHLH constructs of varying length, sequence-specific dissociation of OLIG2 dimers from DNA was not achieved. Re-evaluation of the binding determinants for OLIG2 self-association and stability revealed an unanticipated role of the C-terminal domain. These data highlight potential pitfalls in peptide-based targeting of bHLH transcription factors given the liabilities of their positively charged amino acid sequences and multifactorial binding determinants.
Guide to CO<sub>2</sub> Separations in Imidazolium-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2009)

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are nonvolatile, tunable solvents that have generated significant interest across a wide variety of engineering applications. The use of RTILs as media for CO2 separations appears especially promising, with imidazolium-based salts at the center of this research effort. The solubilities of gases, particularly CO2, N2, and CH4, have been studied in a number of RTILs. Process temperature and the chemical structures of the cation and anion have significant impacts on gas solubility and gas pair selectivity. Models based on regular solution theory and group contributions are useful to predict and explain CO2 solubility and selectivity in imidazolium-based RTILs. In addition to their role as a physical solvent, RTILs might also be used in supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) as a highly permeable and selective transport medium. Performance data for SILMs indicates that they exhibit large permeabilities as well as CO2/N2 selectivities that outperform many polymer membranes. Furthermore, the greatest potential of RTILs for CO2 separations might lie in their ability to chemically capture CO2 when used in combination with amines. Amines can be tethered to the cation or the anion, or dissolved in RTILs, providing a wide range of chemical solvents for CO2 capture. However, despite all of their promising features, RTILs do have drawbacks to use in CO2 separations, which have been overlooked as appropriate comparisons of RTILs to common organic solvents and polymers have not been reported. A thorough summary of the capabilities—and limitations—of imidazolium-based RTILs in CO2-based separations with respect to a variety of materials is thus provided.
Cancer-Related Fatigue: The Scale of the Problem (2007)

Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms experienced by patients with cancer. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is characterized by feelings of tiredness, weakness, and lack of energy, and is distinct from the "normal" drowsiness experienced by healthy individuals in that it is not relieved by rest or sleep. It occurs both as a consequence of the cancer itself and as a side effect of cancer treatment, although the precise underlying pathophysiology is largely unknown. CRF may be an early symptom of malignant disease and is reported by as many as 40% of patients at diagnosis. Virtually all patients expect fatigue from cancer therapy. Up to 90% of patients treated with radiation and up to 80% of those treated with chemotherapy experience fatigue. CRF continues for months and even years ollowing completion of treatment in approximately one third of the patients with cancer. The impact of CRF on a patient's quality of life (QoL), particularly in relation to physical functioning and the ability to perform activities of daily living, is both profound and pervasive. In addition, CRF is associated with considerable psychological distress and can impose a significant financial burden by limiting a patient's ability to work. These effects can extend to caregivers and family members, who may also have to reduce their working capacity in order to provide additional care for a patient with CRF. This paper examines the prevalence of CRF and explores the impact of this distressing symptom on patients' functioning and QoL. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Making routine data adequate to support clinical audit: “Routine” is inadequately defined (1995)

The changes in the armed forces medical services merely reflect the changing role of the armed forces themselves and the operational scenarios for which medical support might be required in the future.The fact that the core hospital at Haslar will be for all three services and enlarged in terms of both the number of beds and the range of specialties represented will enable us to provide an even greater range of postgraduate training than at present.The introduction of the military units in large district general hospitals will again allow greater training opportunities than we have previously been able to provide in our small service hospitals.I can therefore confidently state that training opportunities for the doctors who remain will be enhanced and their service career patterns will not be affected.Uniformed patients will be referred, as at present, to uniformed consultants, either at the core hospital at Haslar or, if it is more convenient, to the nearest military- civilian unit, and they will receive the same treatment as they presently enjoy.
Inheritance of Resistance to Aflatoxin Production and Aspergillus Ear Rot of Corn from the Cross of Inbreds B73 and Oh516 (2004)

ABSTRACT Our objective was to determine the value of corn (Zea mays) inbred Oh516 as a source of resistance to Aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin accumulation in grain. Types and magnitudes of gene action associated with resistance were determined with generation means analysis. Molecular markers associated with resistance were identified from BCP(1)S(1) families developed from the cross of the susceptible inbred B73 and Oh516. In 2001 and 2002, B73 (P(1)), Oh516 (P(2)), and the F(1), F(2), F(3), BCP(1), BCP(2), and BCP(1)S(1) generations were evaluated for aflatoxin concentration in grain, percent bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF), and severity of Aspergillus ear rot following inoculation in Urbana, IL. BCP(1)S(1) families testcrossed with LH185 also were evaluated at three locations in 2002. Molecular marker-quantitative trait loci (QTL) associations with all traits were determined with single factor analysis of variance. Dominance gene action was associated with aflatoxin concentration in grain and percent BGYF. QTL associated with aflatoxin accumulation in grain were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, and 7 (bins 2.01 to 2.03, 2.08, 3.08, and 7.06). Alleles from inbred Oh516 on chromosomes 2, 3, and 7 should improve resistance of commercially used, B73-type inbreds.
Multitask Learning with Feature Selection for Groups of Related Tasks (2013)

Multitask learning has been thoroughly proven to improve the generalization performance given a set of related tasks. Most multitask learning algorithm assume that all tasks are related. However, if all the tasks are not related, negative transfer of information occurs amongst the tasks, and the performance of traditional multitask learning algorithm worsens. Thus, we design an algorithm that simultaneously groups the related tasks and trains only the related task together. There are different approaches to train the related tasks in multi-task learning based on which information is shared across the tasks. These approaches either assume that the parameters of each of the tasks are situated close together, or assume that there is a common underlying latent space in the features of the tasks that is related. Most multi-task learning algorithm use either regularization method or matrix-variate priors. In our algorithm, the related tasks are tied together by a set of common features selected by each tasks. Thus, to train the related tasks together, we use spike and slab prior to select a common set of features for the related tasks, and a mixture of gaussians prior to select the set of related tasks. For validation, the developed algorithm is tested on toxicity prediction and hand written digit recognition data sets. The results show a significant improvement over multitask learning with feature selection for larger number of tasks. Further, the developed algorithm is also compared against another state of the art algorithm that similarly groups the related tasks together and proven to be better and more accurate.
Supercritical Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Industrial Wastes with Ethane (2012)

Supercritical fluid extraction of all-E-lycopene from tomato industrial wastes (mixture of skins and seeds) was carried out in a semi-continuous flow apparatus using ethane as supercritical solvent. The effect of pressure, temperature, feed particle size, solvent superficial velocity and matrix initial composition was evaluated. Moreover, the yield of the extraction was compared with that obtained with other supercritical solvents (supercritical CO₂ and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane). The recovery of all-E-lycopene increased with pressure, decreased with the increase of the particle size in the initial stages of the extraction and was not practically affected by the solvent superficial velocity. The effect of the temperature was more complex. When the temperature increased from 40 to 60 °C the recovery of all-E-lycopene increased from 80 to 90%. However, for a further increase to 80 °C, the recovery remained almost the same, indicating that some E-Z isomerization could have occurred, as well as some degradation of lycopene. The recovery of all-E-lycopene was almost the same for feed samples with different all-E-lycopene content. Furthermore, when a batch with a higher all-E-lycopene content was used, supercritical ethane and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane showed to be better solvents than supercritical CO₂ leading to a faster extraction with a higher recovery of the carotenoid.
Highly Stable Indacenodithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene-Based Donor–Acceptor Copolymers for Hybrid Electrochromic and Energy Storage Applications (2020)

Stable doping of indacenodithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene (IDTT) structures enables easy color tuning and significant improvement in the charge storage capacity of electrochromic polymers, making use of their full potential as electrochromic supercapacitors and in other emerging hybrid applications. Here, the IDTT structure is copolymerized with four different donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) units, with subtle changes in their electron-donating and electron-withdrawing characters, so as to obtain four different donor-acceptor copolymers. The polymers attain important form factor requirements for electrochromic supercapacitors: desired switching between achromatic black and transparent states (<i>L</i>*<i>a</i>*<i>b</i>* 45.9, -3.1, -4.2/86.7, -2.2, and -2.7 for PIDTT-TBT), high optical contrast (72% for PIDTT-TBzT), and excellent electrochemical redox stability (I<sup>red</sup>/I<sup>ox</sup> <i>ca.</i> 1.0 for PIDTT-EBE). Poly[indacenodithieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]thiophene-2,8-diyl-<i>alt</i>-4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-<i>b</i>][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-(2-hexyldecyl)-2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>d</i>][1,2,3]triazole-7,7'-diyl] (PIDTT-EBzE) stands out as delivering simultaneously a high contrast (69%) and doping level (>100%) and specific capacitance (260 F g<sup>-1</sup>). This work introduces IDTT-based polymers as bifunctional electro-optical materials for potential use in color-tailored, color-indicating, and self-regulating smart energy systems.
The Effect of Oligosaccharides on the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. by Macrophage-Like Cell Line J774/JA-4. (1998)

Stimulation and modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production during treatment of the murine macrophage-like cell line J774/JA-4 with 25 oligosaccharides were studied. Direct stimulation of TNF-alpha production by oligosaccharides was measured with a cytotoxic assay using the L929 cell line. Twelve samples showed a significantly higher production (P < or = 0.01) of TNF-alpha than the controls. Modulation of TNF-alpha production by treatment with oligosaccharides, followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli, was examined using the L929 bioassay system. In three samples TNF-alpha production increased significantly, but in four samples, production was reduced significantly (P < or = 0.01). No samples showed modulation of growth or viability of L929 cells within the first 26 hr. The present results are useful in the application of these oligosaccharides which is potentially applicable in medical and food technology.
The determination of heats of adsorption by gas-solid chromatography (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe determination of heats of adsorption by gas-solid chromatographyDianne Atkinson and Geoffrey Curthoys Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 9, 564Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1978Published inissue 1 September 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ed055p564RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts