gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in Large-Area 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layer Growth in a Warm-Wall Planetary Reactor (2014)

Results are presented for epitaxial SiC layers grown on 100 mm and 150 mm wafers suitable for power devices by CVD using a VP2800WW multi-wafer reactor with 10×100mm and 6×150mm configurations. We have demonstrated continuous improvement in uniformity for thickness and doping, as well as in defect reduction in standard epitaxy on 100 mm wafers. Thickness and doping sigma/mean values of <1.5% and <8%, respectively, could be routinely achieved. Doping and thickness measurements of 30 μm layer growth show results similar to standard epilayer growth. The averaged projected site yields of 80% for 5x5 mm 2 and of 96% for 2x2 mm 2 correspond to a low epitaxial defect density of <1 cm="" sup="">-2 in 30μm thick epilayers. Epilayer structures for bipolar devices like PiN diodes and BJTs are shown. The interface regions between nitrogen doped and aluminum doped layers show an abrupt transition of dopant concentration. Wafer quality of 100 mm and 150 mm material is presented as an important base factor for excellent epitaxial layer quality. It is shown that 150 mm substrates exhibit TSD and BPD densities very similar to the 100 mm materials. Site counts for TSDs and BPDs on sample wafers show dislocations densities of 500 cm -2 and 300 cm -2 , respectively. After CVD process optimization, a thickness uniformity (sigma/mean) of <1.5% and a doping uniformity of <13% was achieved on epitaxial layers on 150mm.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Conformation, and Dopaminergic Activity of 5,6‐Ethano‐Bridged Derivatives of Selective Dopaminergic 3‐Benzazepines. (1988)

Abstract Starting with 2,3‐dimethoxycinnamic acid (I), the aminomethylindan (VII) is synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Synthesis and oral antiallergic activity of carboxylic acids derived from imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazines, imidazo[1,2-a]quinolines, imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines, imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones, pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones, pyrrolo[2,3-a]quinoxalinones, and imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles (1988)

4H-Imidazo[2,1-c][1,4]benzoxazine-2-carboxylic acid (3) was found to possess potent activity in the IgE-induced rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model which may be predictive of clinical antiallergic activity. Compared to disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, 1), 3 was less active following iv administration but unlike DSCG showed very significant oral activity. To explore the structural requirements for this activity, a range of tricyclic compounds was prepared and their activities were measured. Individual 2-carboxylic acids derived from imidazo[1,2-a]quinolines, imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines, imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones, pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones, pyrrolo[2,3-a]quinoxalinones, and imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles showed iv activities up to 10(3) times as potent as DSCG and many of them showed significant oral activity. From these, imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid 114 has been chosen for further development.
Thermal lens microscopy and microchip chemistry (2004)

Combining a thermal lens microscope with microchip technology compensates for disadvantages and widens its applicability to microchip chemistry.
Large n- and p-type thermoelectric power factors from doped semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube thin films (2017)

Polymer-free semiconducting carbon nanotube networks demonstrate unprecedented equivalent n- and p-type thermoelectric performance.
Microscopic emission properties of nonpolar a -plane GaN grown by HVPE (2006)

We have studied the emission distributions in nonpolar <i>α</i>-plane GaN thick films grown by HVPE using different nucleation schemes. The emission spectra show in addition to the near band edge emission band, also defect related bands due to different structural defects being enhanced/reduced to different extent in samples grown on different templates. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence imaging reveals the in-plane distributions of the respective emission bands, which allows us to correlate the emissions with particular stacking fault structural defects independently revealed by plan-view transmission electron microscopy. In addition, emission distributions were visualized in vicinity of largescale defects like surface triangle pits, depressions and cracks attributed to prevailing defect formation and/or impurity incorporation.
Adhesive Bonding of Various Materials to Hard Tooth Tissues: Improvement in Bond Strength to Dentin (1982)

Used in sequence, solutions of an acidic mordant, a surface-active comonomer, and a coupling agent having methacrylate and aromatic carboxyl groups were used to prepare dentin surfaces in vitro for strong bonding with a composite resin.
Viscosity and Fermentability as Attributes of Dietary Fiber Responsible for the Hypocholesterolemic Effect in Hamsters (1993)

The attribute(s) of soluble dietary fibers responsible for cholesterol lowering is currently uncertain. A series of experiments were conducted in which viscosity and fermentability was assessed independently for their effect on plasma and liver cholesterol concentration. Hamsters were divided into four dietary groups and fed diets containing 0.12% cholesterol and 5% fiber as high viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HV-HPMC group), low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (LV-HPMC group), high viscosity guar gum (HV-GG group) or low viscosity guar gum (LV-GG group). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is essentially nonfermentable, whereas guar gum is highly fermentable. Plasma cholesterol concentrations at 3, 6 and 11 wk and liver cholesterol concentrations at 6 and 11 wk were significantly lower in the HV-HPMC group relative to the LV-HPMC group (P < 0.05). Intestinal content viscosities of the LV-HPMC and HV-GG groups were similar; consequently, these two groups were compared to examine the independent effect of fermentation. Plasma and liver cholesterol were significantly lower in the HV-GG group compared with the LV-HPMC group at 6 wk (P < 0.05), but not at 3 or 11 wk. Hepatic sterol synthesis rates were not affected by any of the diets. This study shows that greater viscosity of intestinal contents is strongly associated with cholesterol reduction, but that the contribution of fiber fermentation remains uncertain.
Catalytic Enantioselective Retro-Aldol Reactions: Kinetic Resolution ofβ-Hydroxyketones with Aldolase Antibodies (1998)

High enantiomeric enrichment after 50% conversion: Racemates of aldols can be resolved by the title reaction [Eq.(1)] by use of the aldolase antibody 38C2 or 33F12; the ee values of the unconverted aldols are greater than 95% in most cases. Since the antibodies also catalyze the aldol reaction-that is, the reverse reaction-it is possible to prepare both enantiomers using the same antibody catalysts.
Powered prosthesis control during walking, sitting, standing, and non-weight bearing activities using neural and mechanical inputs (2013)

Lower limb prostheses that can generate near physiological joint power have the potential to improve the way amputees go about their activities of daily living. Amputees who have lost both their knee and ankle would also benefit from a system that allowed them to easily perform sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit movements, reposition their prosthesis using neural control, and intuitively transition between these modes of operation and walking. In this study, we developed such a system and evaluated it with two transfemoral amputees. Both amputees were able to stand up and sit down comfortably using the powered prosthesis. Two neural control systems were configured using a linear discriminant analysis classifier trained from data recorded from eight residual thigh muscles. One classifier, trained to recognize when amputees sat down from walking mode, was on average 96.5% accurate. A second classifier, trained to recognize amputees' intent to reposition the knee and ankle joints, was on average 87.3% accurate. This integrated control system allowing transfemoral amputees to walk as well as perform weight transfers (sitting down and standing up) and seated non-weight bearing activities demonstrates an advancement towards improving the performance and viability of powered prostheses during daily use.
Implantable narrow band image compressor for capsule endoscopy (2012)

A low-complexity narrow band image compressor for wireless capsule endoscopy application is presented in this paper. The compression algorithm is based on a simplified RGB-YUV color space converter, differential pulse coded modulation (DPCM) followed by optimized Golomb-Rice coding. Based on the nature of the narrow band endoscopic images, several sub-sampling schemes on the chrominance components are applied. The compressor does not need any buffer memory and can be interfaced with image sensors which send pixels in raster-scan fashion. The proposed algorithm has compression ratio of 81% and high reconstruction peak-signal-to-noise-ratio , over 40 dB. The proposed compressor is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS technology and consumes 2K standard gates, 0.67 mm × 0.71 mm silicon area, and 42 μW of power when working at 2 frames-per-second.
Performance evaluation of caching policies in NDN - an ICN architecture (2016)

Information Centric Networking (ICN) advocates the philosophy of accessing the content independent of its location. Owing to this location independence in ICN, the routers en-route can be enabled to cache the content to serve the future requests for the same content locally. Several ICN architectures have been proposed in the literature along with various caching algorithms for caching and cache replacement at the routers en-route. The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate various caching policies using Named Data Networking (NDN), an ICN architecture proposed in literature. We have presented the performance comparison of different caching policies naming First In First Out (FIFO), Least Recently Used (LRU), and Universal Caching (UC) in two network models; Watts-Strogatz (WS) model (suitable for dense short link networks such as sensor networks) and Sprint topology (better suited for large Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks) using ndnSIM, an ns3 based discrete event simulator for NDN architecture. Our results indicate that UC outperforms other caching policies such as LRU and FIFO and makes UC a better alternative for both sensor networks and ISP networks.
The effects of dietary threonine and porcine somatotropin dosage on nitrogen balance in finishing swine (1990)

Fifteen crossbred barrows were utilized to determine the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) administration in combination with increasing dietary threonine levels on nitrogen retention and growth performance. Barrows averaging 147.3 lb were allotted in a split-plot arrangement with pST dosage (0, 4, or 8 mg/d) as the whole plot, and dietary threonine level (.45, .55, .65, .75, and .85%) as the subplot. These threonine values ranged from 112 to 212% of the dietary threonine estimate for finishing pigs (NRC 1988). All pigs within each pST dosage treatment received each diet for an 8-d period in a Latin square design. Diets were fed for a 4-d adaptation period followed by a 4-d total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were also weighed and bled at the end of each 8-d period. Increasing threonine level increased average daily gain (ADG), reduced feed intake (ADFI), and improved feed efficiency (F/G). Porcine somatotropin had no effect on ADG; however, pigs injected with 4 or 8 mg/d had numerical increases in ADG as threonine level increased. Feed efficiency improved as pST dosage increased. Daily threonine intake increased as dietary threonine level increased. However efficiency of threonine utilization for gain became poorer for control pigs as threonine intake increased, but pST-treated pigs had little change in efficiency of threonine utilization up to the .75 and .85% threonine levels for 4 and 8 mg/d pST dosages, respectively. There was a threonine x pST interaction for plasma urea concentrations, with control pigs having little change in urea concentrations whereas pigs injected with 4 mg/d pST had a decrease then an increase in urea concentrations and pigs injected with 8 mg/d had continual decrease in urea concentrations. Nitrogen retention (g/d) and percent nitrogen retention increased as dietary threonine level increased. However, pigs injected with either 4 or 8 mg/d pST had greater increases in nitrogen retention than control pigs. Biological value also improved as dietary threonine level increased, but again showed a greater improvement for pST-treated pigs than control pigs. These results indicate improvements in growth performance and nitrogen retention for finishing pigs fed increasing threonine levels. However, the data also indicated that the magnitude of response to added threonine was greater for pST-treated pigs, suggesting a possible threonine requirement of approximately .65% or 18 g/d.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1990
Cryptic and Exposed Invariable Regions of VlsE, the Variable Surface Antigen of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>sl (2000)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, possesses a surface protein, VlsE, which undergoes antigenic variation. VlsE contains two invariable domains and a variable one that includes six variable and six invariable regions (IRs). Five of the IRs are conserved among strains and genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato. IR(6) is conserved, immunodominant, and exposed at the VlsE surface but not at the spirochete surface, as assessed in vitro. In the present study, the remaining conserved IRs (IR(2) to IR(5)) were investigated. Antisera to synthetic peptides based on each of the IR(2) to IR(5) sequences were produced in rabbits. Antipeptide antibody titers were similarly high in all antisera. Native VlsE was immunoprecipitable with antibodies to IR(2), IR(4), and IR(5) but not to IR(3), indicating that the first three sequences were exposed at the VlsE surface. However, negative surface immunofluorescence and in vitro antibody-mediated killing results indicated that none of the IRs were accessible to antibody at the spirochetal surface in vitro.
Design of a Goldschmidt iterative divider for quantum-dot cellular automata (2009)

A Goldschmidt iterative divider for quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is designed using a new architecture that solves a problem that arises in implementing conventional state machines in QCA. State machines for QCA often have synchronization problems due to the long delays between the state machines and the units (i.e., the computational circuits) to be controlled. To resolve this problem, a data tag method is used. The data tags are associated with the data and local tag decoders generate control signals. Since each datum has a tag, it is possible to issue a new division command at any iteration stage of a previous issued operation. Thus the throughput is significantly increased since multiple division computations can be performed in a time skewed manner using one iterative divider due to the large number of inherent pipeline stages in QCA circuits (unlike CMOS circuits). Using the new architecture, a fixed-point Goldschmidt divider is implemented using a 12-bit multiplier.
Phosphosulfuration of Colloidal Calcium Carbonate—Evaluation of Antiwear and Extreme-Pressure Properties (1998)

Colloidal calcium carbonate conventionally used as detergent in lubricant, i.e., overbased calcium sulfonate, was functionalized by the product of the reaction of calcium hydroxide and tetraphosphorus decasulfide with water to yield a mineral calcium thiophosphate, or with isopropanol to yield an organic calcium dialkyl dithiophosphate. These two species are respectively comicelized with the initial calcium carbonate colloidal core. The colloidal nature of these products was confirmed and they were evaluated in a four-ball test and compared to the original nonfunctionalized colloidal additive. Both modified products exhibit improved extreme-pressure performances, while their antiwear properties compared to those of the original overbased substrate remain at least at the same level.
Low Sodium Cheddar Cheeses Through Whole Milk Retentate Supplementation (1983)

Thirty Cheddar cheeses low in sodium chloride, approximately 1% and in one case .75 were made from milks supplemented with whole milk retentates to as high as 1.9:1 protein concentration. Control low sodium chloride cheeses were acid, bitter, and pasty, and lacked typical cheese flavor. Low sodium chloride cheeses made from milks supplemented with retentate from 1.5:1 to 1.9:1 were good to excellent quality.
1-Tbit/s Orbital-Angular-Momentum Multiplexed Link Through Emulated Turbulence With a Data-Carrying Beacon on a Separate Wavelength for Compensation (2014)

We investigate the influence of wavelength dependence of turbulence on the compensation performance of OAM beams in a beacon beam-based compensation scheme. We then implement this scheme and demonstrate a 1-Tbit/s OAM-multiplexed free space optical link through emulated turbulence.
Discovery and Pharmacokinetics of Sulfamides and Guanidines as Potent Human Arginase 1 Inhibitors (2020)

We designed and synthesized a series of arginase inhibitors as derivatives of the well-known 2-(<i>S</i>)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) with basic and neutral side chains in the α-position relative to the amino acid group. In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of literature examples and retain potent enzymatic activity, sulfamido moieties were introduced to generate hydrogen bond interaction with the aspartic acid residue in the arginase active site. The compounds with basic guanidine-containing side chains were even more potent arginase inhibitors. Both groups of compounds, as designed, demonstrated low clearance in their pharmacokinetic profile. The most active inhibitor <b>15aa</b> showed high nanomolar potency with IC<sub>50</sub> = 32 nM toward human arginase 1 and demonstrated low clearance (4.2 mL/min/kg), long <i>t</i> <sub>1/2</sub>, and moderate volume of distribution in rat pharmacokinetic studies.
RXR alpha deficiency confers genetic susceptibility for aortic sac, conotruncal, atrioventricular cushion, and ventricular muscle defects in mice. (1996)

Retinoid-dependent pathways play a central role in regulating cardiac morphogenesis. Recently, we characterized gene-targeted RXR alpha -/- embryos, which display an atrial-like ventricular phenotype with the development of heart failure and lethality at embryonic day 14.5. To quantitate the frequency and complexity of cardiac morphogenic defects, we now use microdissection and scanning electron microscopy to examine 107 wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous embryos at embryonic day 13.5, 14.5, and 15.5. RXR alpha -/- embryos display complex defects, including ventricular septal, atrioventricular cushion, and conotruncal ridge defects, with double outlet right ventricle, aorticopulmonary window, and persistent truncus arteriosus. In addition, heterozygous RXR alpha embryos display a predisposition for trabecular and papillary muscle defects, ventricular septal defects, conotruncal ridge defects, atrioventricular cushion defects, and pulmonic stenosis. Lastly, we show that the intermediate anatomic phenotype displayed by heterozygous embryos is mirrored in the molecular marker MLC-2a. The intermediate phenotype of RXR alpha heterozygous embryos documents a gene dosage effect for RXR alpha in maintaining normal cardiac morphogenesis. In addition, some defects in RXR alpha mutant mice are phenocopies of human congenital heart defects, thereby suggesting that a relative deficiency in RXR alpha or molecules downstream in its signaling pathway may represent congenital heart disease-susceptibility genes.
Enhancing Light Extraction in Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Using Molded Transparent Polymer Microlens Arrays (2012)

The light extraction efficiency in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is enhanced by up to 2.6 times when a close-packed, hemispherical transparent polymer microlens array (MLA) is molded on the light-emitting surface of a top-emitting device. The microlens array helps to extract the waveguided optical emission in the organic layers and the transparent top electrode, and can be manufactured in large area with low cost.
A Low Feedback Scheme for WMAN MIMO Beamforming (2007)

Two techniques, i.e. differential and complementary feedbacks, are derived to reduce the feedback overhead for MIMO transmit beamforming. The unitary beamforming matrix is the cumulative product of the fed back unitary matrixes for differential feedback. The fed back matrix depicts the incremental change of the beamforming matrix and it is quantized by small vector codebooks. The overhead can be further reduced by complementary feedback for channel with N transmit and M receive antennas, where M is N or N-1. One unit vector is fed back instead of one unitary matrix. The vector corresponds to the complementary subspace of the beamforming subspace for M=N-1 or corresponds to the strongest or weakest singular mode for M=N. Simulation with 3GPP LTE settings demonstrates that both techniques can reduce the feedback overhead by more than 30% with little performance degradation
Nanofluidic device architectures for the controlled transport and high throughput analysis of single dna molecules in nanochannels (2013)

Devices with intersecting nanofluidic elements were developed to control the transport of DNA molecules through nanochannels. Independent voltage inputs decoupled translocation event frequency from transport velocity, facilitating the imaging-based analysis of many DNA molecules. In one application, we measured the extension length of a single molecule in a series of nanochannels with diameters ranging from 175 to 500 nm. DNA extension, R, scales with nanochannel diameter, D: R~D. We found a value for the exponent, α=0.71±0.03, in agreement with theory (α=0.70) [1] but in contrast to a previous result (α=0.85±0.05) [2] from measurements collected across multiple devices.
High resolution imaging of the fibrous microstructure in bovine common carotid artery using optical polarization tractography (2015)

The biomechanical properties of artery are primarily determined by the fibrous structures in the vessel wall. Many vascular diseases are associated with alternations in the orientation and alignment of the fibrous structure in the arterial wall. Knowledge on the structural features of the artery wall is crucial to our understanding of the biology of vascular diseases and the development of novel therapies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarization‐sensitive OCT have shown great promise in imaging blood vessels due to their high resolution, fast acquisition, good imaging depth, and large field of view. However, the feasibility of using OCT based methods for imaging fiber orientation and distribution in the arterial wall has not been investigated. Here we show that the optical polarization tractography (OPT), a technology developed from Jones matrix OCT, can reveal the fiber orientation and alignment in the bovine common carotid artery. The fiber orientation and alignment data obtained in OPT provided a robust contrast marker to clearly resolve the intima and media boundary of the carotid artery wall. Optical polarization tractography can visualize fiber orientation and alignment in carotid artery. magnified image Optical polarization tractography can visualize fiber orientation and alignment in carotid artery.