gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency optical switching using an electrochromic nanoplasmonic device (2016)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate high-contrast, high-speed switching of light transmission through nanoplasmonic devices using electrochromic films, at optical frequencies, by switching them between their reduced and partially oxidized states. Electrochromic polymers such as Polyaniline and PolyProDOT are two of the most studied conducting polymers with numerous applications including sensors [1], energy storage [2] and as the active component in smart-display devices [3]. In this work we study the electro-optical performance of electrochromic polymers deposited on deep subwavelength metallic slits and achieve high-contrast fast-switching optical response over a broad spectral range. The configuration of the electrochromic polymer deposited along the slit-sidewalls allows for orthogonalization of light and current paths; as well as the utilization of surface-bound electromagnetic waves, referred to as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) [4], to achieve significantly enhanced interaction of light-propagating inside the slits with the slit-sidewall coated polymer films (Fig. 1(a)). Furthermore, placement of the polymers on the slit-sidewalls enable use of thinner films of polymers to achieve the same contrast as thicker films in a conventional device along with a faster switching speed (Fig. 1(b) and (c)). We further demonstrate that by controlling the pitch of the nanoslit arrays, it is possible to achieve a full-color response with high contrast and fast switching speeds, while relying on just one electrochromic polymer. This enhanced electrochromic switching performance is enabled by the orthogonalization between the directions of light propagation, and that of charge transport from the electrolyte to ultra-thin active material inside the nanoslit and offers significant promise for the realization of full-color fast-switching smartdisplay devices. The approach presented here can be further translated to any optically sensitive material with thickness-dependent properties such as the charge diffusion length, with applications ranging from catalysis to photovoltaics.
Vitamin E δ-Tocotrienol Induces p27Kip1-Dependent Cell-Cycle Arrest in Pancreatic Cancer Cells via an E2F-1-Dependent Mechanism (2013)

Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol has been shown to have antitumor activity, but the precise molecular mechanism by which it inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that δ-tocotrienol exerted significant cell growth inhibition pancreatic ductal cancer (PDCA) cells without affecting normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell growth. We also showed that δ-tocotrienol-induced growth inhibition occurred concomitantly with G(1) cell-cycle arrest and increased p27(Kip1) nuclear accumulation. This finding is significant considering that loss of nuclear p27(Kip1) expression is a well-established adverse prognostic factor in PDCA. Furthermore, δ-tocotrienol inactivated RAF-MEK-ERK signaling, a pathway known to suppress p27(Kip1) expression. To determine whether p27(Kip1) induction is required for δ-tocotrienol inhibition of PDCA cell proliferation, we stably silenced the CDKN1B gene, encoding p27(Kip1), in MIAPaCa-2 PDCA cells and demonstrated that p27(Kip1) silencing suppressed cell-cycle arrest induced by δ-tocotrienol. Furthermore, δ-tocotrienol induced p27(Kip1) mRNA expression but not its protein degradation. p27(Kip1) gene promoter activity was induced by δ-tocotrienol through the promoter's E2F-1 binding site, and this activity was attenuated by E2F-1 depletion using E2F-1 small interfering RNA. Finally, decreased proliferation, mediated by Ki67 and p27(Kip1) expression by δ-tocotrienol, was confirmed in vivo in a nude mouse xenograft pancreatic cancer model. Our findings reveal a new mechanism, dependent on p27(Kip1) induction, by which δ-tocotrienol can inhibit proliferation in PDCA cells, providing a new rationale for p27(Kip1) as a biomarker for δ-tocotrienol efficacy in pancreatic cancer prevention and therapy.
876. Development of a Novel Adenovirus-Alphavirus Hybrid Vector Providing High Efficacy and Safety in the Treatment of Liver Cancer (2005)

Background & Aims: An ideal viral vector for cancer gene therapy should be able to infect tumors with high efficiency, provide high level of transgene expression specifically in tumors and selectively destroy tumor cells. In order to design such a vector for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) we took advantage of 1) the high infectivity of adenoviruses for hepatic cells, 2) the high level of protein expression and pro-apoptotic properties that characterize alphavirus replicons and 3) tumor selectivity provided by alpha fetoprotein (AFP) promoter.
Web service orchestration and verification using MSC and CP nets (2007)

Designing web services-based processes (WSP) requires striking the balance between intuitive and easy to understand process representation for the interactive domain user and consolidated formal mathematical specification. An easy to understand process representation facilitates conformance of process correctness where as the formal mathematical specification ensures formal verification of service orchestration for executing the process. Orchestration of services involves overall service design, service selection, and composition of services to achieve the overall goal. In this paper we present a novel approach to service orchestration that combines an effective diagrammatic modeling, an appropriate formal framework and an implementation process for dynamic WSP and complex web service composition and verification. Specifically we introduce a new approach for WSP design and verification comprising of service orchestration using High Level Message Sequence Charts (HMSC) and Colored Petri Nets (CP Nets) that provides a methodology for analysis and verification at a process level as well as the service level.
Generation of femtosecond laser pulses tunable from 380 nm to 465 nm via cascaded nonlinear optical mixing in a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier with a type-I phase matched BBO crystal (2003)

We report the generation of tunable femtosecond pulses from 380nm to 465nm near the degenerate point of a 405-nm pumped type-I BBO noncollinearly phase-matched optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). The tunable UV/blue radiation is obtained from sum frequency generation (SFG) between the OPA output and the residual fundamental beam at 810-nm and cascaded second harmonic generation (SHG) of OPA. With a fixed seeding angle, the generated SFG and SHG covers from 385 nm to 465-nm. With a pumping energy of 75 J at 405 nm, the optical conversion efficiency from the pump to the tunable SFG is more than 5% and the efficiency of SHG of the OPA is about 2%.
Suppression of feedback oscillations in free-electron lasers (1988)

The suppression of feedback oscillations in a free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator has been investigated. It is found, through numerical simulation that a narrow attenuating strip inserted in a waveguide will not reduce FEL performance at the desired frequency and will attenuate feedback oscillations. Simulations are presented for a 5-mm-wavelength FEL with a 40-dB attenuator inserted in the interaction region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three-dimensional wind profiling of offshore wind energy areas with airborne Doppler lidar (2014)

A technique has been developed for imaging the wind field over offshore areas being considered for wind farming. This is accomplished with an eye-safe 2-μm wavelength coherent Doppler lidar installed in an aircraft. By raster scanning the aircraft over the wind energy area (WEA), a three-dimensional map of the wind vector can be made. This technique was evaluated in 11 flights over the Virginia and Maryland offshore WEAs. Heights above the ocean surface planned for wind turbines are shown to be within the marine boundary layer, and the wind vector is seen to show variation across the geographical area of interest at turbine heights.
<title>Detection of trace levels of volatile organic compounds using fiber optic Raman spectrometry</title> (1995)

A novel fiber optic Raman probe for determination of organic vapors is described. The probe utilizes an absorbent resin, C-18, to concentrate the organic vapors in the optical path of the Raman probe. The probe exhibits a fully reversible response to organic vapors such as carbon tetrachloride or benzene.
The resonating star gyroscope (2005)

This paper introduces the resonating star gyroscope (RSG), a new vibratory shell-type structure for rate sensing. The structure formed as a merged superposition of two square shells, yields in-plane degenerate flexural modes that are used to sense z-axis rotation. A high aspect ratio polysilicon implementation utilizing the primary degenerate flexural modes of the gyroscope exhibits an open-loop rate sensitivity of 1.6mV//spl deg//s. The Brownian noise floor of the sensor with a quality factor (Q) of 1500 and drive amplitude of 100nm is 0.03/spl deg//s//spl radic/Hz. The RSG may also function at higher-order flexural modes. A single crystal silicon design explores such an operation. Preliminary characterization results yield matched-mode operation and very high-Q higher-order degenerate flexural modes (Q/spl sim/100k).
O4‐03‐04: Novel phospho‐tau‐specific liposome‐based vaccines to treat tau pathology (2011)

Misfolding of the naturally unfolded protein Tau causes its aggregation into fibrils of as yet unknown structure. The aggregates form neurofibrillary tangles in neuronal somata and neuropil threads in neuronal processes, constituting the typical post-mortem pathological signature in primary tauopathies. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau pathology is presumed secondary to amyloid pathology, but their respective roles and relative contributions to AD remain open for analysis and debate. Therapeutic approaches have yet to prove their specificity and efficacy, emphasizing the need for additional treatment options, including immunotherapy. Experimental studies of tau-based immunotherapy must demonstrate that this strategy can alleviate the pathological impact of Tau. Moreover, such studies will contribute to unravel the function and role of Tau in normal and in pathological physiology. We designed, generated and explored experimentally in vivo, different liposome-based vaccines (Muhs et al., 2007) carrying phospho-peptides that cover important “patho-topes” of Tau. TauP301L mice were immunized and the specificity of their polyclonal antisera responses analyzed biochemically and immunohistochemically (TAUPIR). Vaccine efficacy was defined by clinical and pathological read-outs. Liposome-based vaccines, displaying synthetic phospho-Tau peptides, elicited robust anti-phospho-Tau antibody responses (IgG/IgM) in wild-type and in Tau.P301L transgenic mice already after 2 immunizations. The polyclonal antisera specifically detected pathological tauopathy in brain of Tau.P301LxGSK3ß mice (biGT) with proven tauopathy (Terwel et al., 2008). Abundant labeling of neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads in hippocampus and cortex was corroborated biochemically by western blotting of mouse brain extracts and isolated hP-Tau preparations (Vandebroek et al., 2005). Specific ELISA with synthetic tau-derived peptides, with and without phosphorylation of specified S/T residues, demonstrated high affinity and specificity of the antisera for phospho-epitopes. After 3 months, immunized Tau.P301L mice presented with improved survival, delayed motor-impairment, reduced loss in body-weight and decreases in specified phospho-Tau species (human and mouse Tau). We demonstrate that synthetic phospho-Tau peptide liposomal vaccines elicited rapidly and robustly, phospho-tau specific antiserum responses. Under long-term regimes of vaccination the novel vaccines reduced protein tau-related pathological parameters and improved clinical condition and survival of Tau.P301L mice, without obvious side-effects.
Promising human brain tumors therapy with interference RNA intervention (iRNAi) (2010)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of malignant gliomas, characterized by genetic instability, intratumoral histopathological variability and unpredictable clinical behavior. Disappointing results in the treatment of gliomas with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy have fuelled a search for new treatment modalities. Malignant gliomas express preferentially a number of surface markers that may be exploited as therapeutic targets, such as tenascin-C (TN-C), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that contributes to tumor cell adhesion, invasion, migration and proliferation. In this paper we describe a novel strategy for human brain tumors therapy based on RNA interference (RNAi) and its application after surgery (intervention with RNAi) to inhibit TN-C synthesis. We present data of 46 patients suffering from brain tumors resected and treated with dsRNA with the sequence homology of tenascin-C mRNA (ATN-RNA). The specific effect of ATN-RNA on TN-C downregulation was proved with antibodies against TN-C in glioblastoma multiforme cultured cells. A significant improvement in overall survival (OS) without loosing the quality of life (QOL) of patients was observed. MRI and CT studies showed tumor growth delay or lack of tumor recurrence. This novel therapy based on RNA interference shows a hopeful therapeutical potential. To our knowledge the intervention with RNAi (iRNAi) method is the first protocol of RNAi application in human brain tumor treatment.
Multilingual representations for low resource speech recognition and keyword search (2015)

This paper examines the impact of multilingual (ML) acoustic representations on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and keyword search (KWS) for low resource languages in the context of the OpenKWS15 evaluation of the IARPA Babel program. The task is to develop Swahili ASR and KWS systems within two weeks using as little as 3 hours of transcribed data. Multilingual acoustic representations proved to be crucial for building these systems under strict time constraints. The paper discusses several key insights on how these representations are derived and used. First, we present a data sampling strategy that can speed up the training of multilingual representations without appreciable loss in ASR performance. Second, we show that fusion of diverse multilingual representations developed at different LORELEI sites yields substantial ASR and KWS gains. Speaker adaptation and data augmentation of these representations improves both ASR and KWS performance (up to 8.7% relative). Third, incorporating un-transcribed data through semi-supervised learning, improves WER and KWS performance. Finally, we show that these multilingual representations significantly improve ASR and KWS performance (relative 9% for WER and 5% for MTWV) even when forty hours of transcribed audio in the target language is available. Multilingual representations significantly contributed to the LORELEI KWS systems winning the OpenKWS15 evaluation.
Ubiquity and Diversity of Dissimilatory (Per)chlorate-Reducing Bacteria (1999)

Environmental contamination with compounds containing oxyanions of chlorine, such as perchlorate or chlorate [(per)chlorate] or chlorine dioxide, has been a constantly growing problem over the last 100 years. Although the fact that microbes reduce these compounds has been recognized for more than 50 years, only six organisms which can obtain energy for growth by this metabolic process have been described. As part of a study to investigate the diversity and ubiquity of microorganisms involved in the microbial reduction of (per)chlorate, we enumerated the (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria (ClRB) in very diverse environments, including pristine and hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, aquatic sediments, paper mill waste sludges, and farm animal waste lagoons. In all of the environments tested, the acetate-oxidizing ClRB represented a significant population, whose size ranged from 2.31 x 10(3) to 2.4 x 10(6) cells per g of sample. In addition, we isolated 13 ClRB from these environments. All of these organisms could grow anaerobically by coupling complete oxidation of acetate to reduction of (per)chlorate. Chloride was the sole end product of this reductive metabolism. All of the isolates could also use oxygen as a sole electron acceptor, and most, but not all, could use nitrate. The alternative electron donors included simple volatile fatty acids, such as propionate, butyrate, or valerate, as well as simple organic acids, such as lactate or pyruvate. Oxidized-minus-reduced difference spectra of washed whole-cell suspensions of the isolates had absorbance maxima close to 425, 525, and 550 nm, which are characteristic of type c cytochromes. In addition, washed cell suspensions of all of the ClRB isolates could dismutate chlorite, an intermediate in the reductive metabolism of (per)chlorate, into chloride and molecular oxygen. Chlorite dismutation was a result of the activity of a single enzyme which in pure form had a specific activity of approximately 1,928 micromol of chlorite per mg of protein per min. Analyses of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of the organisms indicated that they all belonged to the alpha, beta, or gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. Several were closely related to members of previously described genera that are not recognized for the ability to reduce (per)chlorate, such as the genera Pseudomonas and Azospirllum. However, many were not closely related to any previously described organism and represented new genera within the Proteobacteria. The results of this study significantly increase the limited number of microbial isolates that are known to be capable of dissimilatory (per)chlorate reduction and demonstrate the hitherto unrecognized phylogenetic diversity and ubiquity of the microorganisms that exhibit this type of metabolism.
New Tests for Syphilis: Rational Design of a PCR Method for Detection of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> in Clinical Specimens Using Unique Regions of the DNA Polymerase I Gene (2001)

A sensitive and specific PCR method to detect Treponema pallidum in clinical specimens was developed. PCR primers were designed based on two unique features of the DNA polymerase I gene (polA). The first distinctive characteristic is that the region codes for a high cysteine content and has low homology with similar regions of DNA polymerase I gene from known microorganisms. The second unique feature is the presence of four insertions in the gene. PCR tests using primers designed on the basis these regions reacted with various pathogenic T. pallidum subspecies but did not react with nonpathogenic treponemal species or other spirochetes. An additional 59 species of bacteria and viruses, including those that cause genital ulcers, tested negative. This PCR method is extremely robust and sensitive. The detection limit is about 10 to 25 organisms when analyzed on gel. However, the analytic sensitivity can be increased by at least 1 log, to a detection limit of a single organism, when the ABI 310 Prism Genetic Analyzer is used to detect fluorescence-labeled amplicons. We further used this test in a clinical setting and compared the results with results from a previously reported multiplex-PCR test (for T. pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus). We tested 112 genital ulcer specimens by the polA PCR, obtaining a sensitivity of 95.8% and a specificity of 95.7%. These results suggest that the polA PCR is applicable as a routine clinical diagnostic test for syphilis.
Generation of Small 32P-Labeled Peptides as a Potential Approach to Colorectal Cancer Therapy (2008)

Cancers have been revealed to be extremely heterogenous in terms of the frequency and types of mutations present in cells from different malignant tumors. Thus, it is likely that uniform clinical treatment is not optimal for all patients, and that the development of individualized therapeutic regimens may be beneficial. We describe the generation of multiple, unique small peptides nine to thirty-four amino acids in length which, when labeled with the radioisotope (32)P, bind with vastly differing efficiencies to cell lines derived from different colon adenocarcinomas. In addition, the most effective of these peptides permanently transfers the (32)P radioisotope to colorectal cancer cellular proteins within two hours at a rate that is more than 150 times higher than in cell lines derived from other cancers or from the normal tissues tested. Currently, the only two FDA-approved radioimmunotherapeutic agents in use both employ antibodies directed against the B cell marker CD20 for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By using the method described herein, large numbers of different (32)P-labeled peptides can be readily produced and assayed against a broad spectrum of cancer types. This report proposes the development and use of (32)P-labeled peptides as potential individualized peptide-binding therapies for the treatment of colon adenocarcinoma patients.
Blur Processing Using Double Discrete Wavelet Transform (2013)

We propose a notion of double discrete wavelet transform (DDWT) that is designed to sparsify the blurred image and the blur kernel simultaneously. DDWT greatly enhances our ability to analyze, detect, and process blur kernels and blurry images-the proposed framework handles both global and spatially varying blur kernels seamlessly, and unifies the treatment of blur caused by object motion, optical defocus, and camera shake. To illustrate the potential of DDWT in computer vision and image processing, we develop example applications in blur kernel estimation, deblurring, and near-blur-invariant image feature extraction.
Femtosecond Studies of Ultrafast Large-Angle Polarization Rotation in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Multiple Quantum Wells Under Uniaxial Stress (1993)

Due to symmetry considerations, polarization rotation is not possible for light incident normal to a lattice matched or pseudomorphic multiple quantum well (MQW) structure. However, it has been shown 1 that a uniaxial stress applied in the plane of the structure breaks the rotation symmetry, which should result in an anisotropic excitonic absorption due to the mixing of the heavy and light hole states in the MQW In this paper we show for the first time that the bleaching of this absorption creates an ultrafast large-angle polarization rotation which may have applications in the field of high speed, high contrast ratio spatial light modulators (SLM).
Three-dimensional coupled-wave analysis for triangular-lattice photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with transverse-electric polarization (2013)

Three-dimensional coupled-wave theory is extended to model triangular-lattice photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with transverse-electric polarization. A generalized coupled-wave equation is derived to describe the sixfold symmetry of the eigenmodes in a triangular lattice. The extended theory includes the effects of both surface radiation and in-plane losses in a finite-size laser structure. Modal properties of interest including the band structure, radiation constant, threshold gain, field intensity profile, and far-field pattern (FFP) are calculated. The calculated band structure and FFP, as well as the predicted lasing mode, agree well with experimental observations. The effect of air-hole size on mode selection is also studied and confirmed by experiment.