gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the Moon to support on-orbit sensor calibration for climate change measurements (2006)

Production of reliable climate datasets from multiple observational measurements acquired by remote sensing satellite systems available now and in the future places stringent requirements on the stability of sensors and consistency among the instruments and platforms. Detecting trends in environmental parameters measured at solar reflectance wavelengths (0.3 to 2.5 microns) requires on-orbit instrument stability at a level of 1% over a decade. This benchmark can be attained using the Moon as a radiometric reference. The lunar calibration program at the U.S. Geological Survey has an operational model to predict the lunar spectral irradiance with precision ~1%, explicitly accounting for the effects of phase, lunar librations, and the lunar surface photometric function. A system for utilization of the Moon by on-orbit instruments has been established. With multiple lunar views taken by a spacecraft instrument, sensor response characterization with sub-percent precision over several years has been achieved. Meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO) capture the Moon in operational images; applying lunar calibration to GEO visible-channel image archives has the potential to develop a climate record extending decades into the past. The USGS model and system can provide reliable transfer of calibration among instruments that have viewed the Moon as a common source. This capability will be enhanced with improvements to the USGS model absolute scale. Lunar calibration may prove essential to the critical calibration needs to cover a potential gap in observational capabilities prior to deployment of NPP/NPOESS. A key requirement is that current and future instruments observe the Moon.
Deficits in attention, motor control and perception : follow-up from pre-school to the early teens (1987)

Deficits in attention, motor control and perception : follow-up from pre-school to the early teens
A sentiment-based chat bot (2013)

Natural language processing is a field in computer science which involves making computers derive meaning from human language and input as a way of interacting with the real world. Broadly speaking, sentiment analysis is the act of determining the attitude of an author or speaker, with respect to a certain topic or the overall context and is an application of the natural language processing field. This essay discusses the implementation of a Twitter chat bot that uses natural language processing and sentiment analysis to construct a believable reply. This is done in the Python programming language, using a statistical method called Naive Bayes classifying supplied by the NLTK Python package. The essay concludes that applying natural language processing and sentiment analysis in this isolated fashion was simple, but achieving more complex tasks greatly increases the difficulty.
Hypomorphic variants of cationic amino acid transporter 3 in males with autism spectrum disorders (2015)

Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) mediate the entry of L-type cationic amino acids (arginine, ornithine and lysine) into the cells including neurons. CAT-3, encoded by the SLC7A3 gene on chromosome X, is one of the three CATs present in the human genome, with selective expression in brain. SLC7A3 is highly intolerant to variation in humans, as attested by the low frequency of deleterious variants in available databases, but the impact on variants in this gene in humans remains undefined. In this study, we identified a missense variant in SLC7A3, encoding the CAT-3 cationic amino acid transporter, on chromosome X by exome sequencing in two brothers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We then sequenced the SLC7A3 coding sequence in 148 male patients with ASD and identified three additional rare missense variants in unrelated patients. Functional analyses of the mutant transporters showed that two of the four identified variants cause severe or moderate loss of CAT-3 function due to altered protein stability or abnormal trafficking to the plasma membrane. The patient with the most deleterious SLC7A3 variant had high-functioning autism and epilepsy, and also carries a de novo 16p11.2 duplication possibly contributing to his phenotype. This study shows that rare hypomorphic variants of SLC7A3 exist in male individuals and suggest that SLC7A3 variants possibly contribute to the etiology of ASD in male subjects in association with other genetic factors.
Comparative physiological responses to exercise stress (1982)

We determined the effect of exhaustive exercise on the acid-base balance, O2 consumption, and cardiac output in dogs and pigs to examine which species was comparable with humans in its physiological response to exercise. We ran 11 dogs and 11 pigs on a motor-driven treadmill at steady-state (heart rate 75% maximum) and exhaustive (maximum heart rate) exercise levels. Measuring heart rate, cardiac output, and aortic pressure via implanted probes we obtained arterial and venous blood samples before, during, and after exercise to determine hematocrit, blood gas tensions, pH, and lactic acid levels. Dogs had a twofold greater work capacity than the pigs, but the dogs could not run at maximal heart rate as long as the pigs did. Although O2 consumption correlated well with cardiac output and total work in both species, dogs were capable of a greater range of values. The acid-base studies showed that exhaustive exercise in the pigs resulted in a severe metabolic acidosis, whereas this did not occur in dogs. Respiratory alkalosis was noted in dogs. This suggested that the supply of O2 to the working muscles of the pig was insufficient to maintain aerobic metabolism. The pigs' responses to exercise conformed to those found by others in the human, suggesting that the pig is a more appropriate model for some exercise studies.
Preparation, Clathration Ability, and Catalysis of a Two-Dimensional Square Network Material Composed of Cadmium(II) and 4,4'-Bipyridine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, Clathration Ability, and Catalysis of a Two-Dimensional Square Network Material Composed of Cadmium(II) and 4,4'-BipyridineMakoto Fujita, Yoon Jung Kwon, Satoru Washizu, and Katsuyuki OguraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3, 1151–1152Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00082a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00082a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9660Altmetric-Citations2072LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A pipelined A/D converter for high-speed and high-resolution application (2003)

This paper shows a novel ADC architecture, which uses the combination of multi-bit-per-stage technique for relaxing the capacitor matching requirement and the strategy employing partitioned residue gain in the first stage to achieve high speed. Matching requirements in terms of the number of bits in the first stage for high-resolution ADC are analytically discussed. Monte Carlo simulation shows that this architecture provides 100% 12-bit yield with 0.195% capacitor mismatch and 0.78% of full-scale comparator errors at 3-/spl sigma/ levels. The proposed analog to digital converter can be promising for high speed and high resolution applications with low power dissipation and small area.
Murray Energy Corporation v. Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency (2017)

Congress amended the Clean Air Act in 1977 because of public concern that enforcement of the Clean Air Act would have adverse effects on employment. Section 321(a) tasks the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency with a continuous duty to evaluate the potential employment impact of the administration and enforcement of the Clean Air Act. In Murray Energy Corporation v. Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ruled on whether the federal court’s authority to review and enforce non-discretionary Clean Air Act duties extended to the EPA’s Section 321(a) duty to continuously evaluate the employment ramifications of the Clean Air Act. Ultimately, the Fourth Circuit ruled that the EPA’s Section 321(a) duty was discretionary and not reviewable by federal courts.
Process based cost modeling (2002)

Presents a method of performing the cost analysis by taking into account the process yield at each step of the process sequence and how the yield at different steps impacts the overall cost of the module. A statistical model of the material process flow is used to estimate assembly costs. The stochastic process models are represented by finite state automata. The material flow modeled represents the hierarchy of material classes (leads, components, and modules). Formal methods to represent the likelihood of a process step and the conversions between the hierarchy of classes are defined. The model is illustrated by examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chaos for Stream Cipher (2001)

This paper discusses mixing of chaotic systems as a dependable method for secure communication. Distribution of the entropy function for steady state as well as plaintext input sequences are analyzed. It is shown that the mixing of chaotic sequences results in a sequence that does not have any state dependence on the information encrypted by them. The generated output states of such a cipher approach the theoretical maximum for both complexity measures and cycle length. These features are then compared with some popular ciphers.
Correction: RNA and DNA Targeting by a Reconstituted Thermus thermophilus Type III-A CRISPR-Cas System (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170552.].
Design and initial performance evaluation of a novel PET detector module based on compact SiPM arrays (2011)

Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) has been demonstrated to be a high performance PET sensor as alternative to conventional photomutiplier tubes. The aim of this work is to develop a PET detector module with compact SiPM device which consists of 3×3 SiPM arrays (4×4 pixels each array,3.17×3.17 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> each pixel). A compact design of readout electronics is proposed based on discretized position-sensitive readout circuits (DPC) and time based readout ASIC. The function of the ASIC is to convert all signals' energy and timing information into digital timing pulses which can be processed by back-end simple Time-Digital-Convertor (TDC). So we get highly integrated electronics because the traditional Analog-Digital-Convertor (ADC) and Constant-Fraction-Discriminator (CFD) are replaced. A temperature-dependent gain control module including a microcontroller, a DAC and a DC-DC converter is designed to stabilize the gain of SiPM arrays against the variance of ambient temperature, which is based on the temperature sensor and serial identification chip intergrated in the SiPM array package. An preliminary experimental study was conducted, in which one SiPM array was coupled to a 6×6 LYSO crystal block. With a resistor charge-division chain readout circuit, a flood histogram map was acquired in which the crystals were clearly identifiable. With the correction of the gain control module,the maximum gain drift of SiPM decreases from 79.67% to 11.03% as the temperature varies from 27°C to 50°C. The result indicates that the developed gain control module can contribute to improving the stability of SiPM based PET detector. Through some basic tests, the ASIC has demonstrated good performances of linearity and uniformity. We conclude that the proposed design is feasible for developing a compact SiPM PET detector module.
Integrin-Linked Kinase Is Necessary for the Development of Diet-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance (2016)

The liver extracellular matrix (ECM) expands with high-fat (HF) feeding. This finding led us to address whether receptors for the ECM, integrins, are key to the development of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a downstream integrin signaling molecule involved in multiple hepatic processes, including those related to differentiation, wound healing, and metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that deletion of ILK in mice on an HF diet would disrupt the ECM-integrin signaling axis, thereby preventing the transformation into the insulin-resistant liver. To determine the role of ILK in hepatic insulin action in vivo, male C57BL/6J ILK<sup>lox/lox</sup> mice were crossed with Albcre mice to produce a hepatocyte-specific ILK deletion (ILK<sup>lox/lox</sup>Albcre). Results from this study show that hepatic ILK deletion has no effect on insulin action in lean mice but sensitizes the liver to insulin during the challenge of HF feeding. This effect corresponds to changes in the expression and activation of key insulin signaling pathways as well as a greater capacity for hepatic mitochondrial glucose oxidation. This demonstrates that ILK contributes to hepatic insulin resistance and highlights the previously undefined role of integrin signaling in the pathogenesis of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
Healing of Microdefects in SSZ-13 Membranes via Filling with Dye Molecules and Its Effect on Dry and Wet CO<sub>2</sub> Separations (2018)

It is quite challenging to avoid microdefect formation during hydrothermal growths and/or calcination processes, while manufacturing high-quality zeolite membranes in a reproducible manner. Even less than 1% of defects, which generally provide nonselective pathways, will considerably worsen the intrinsic, high molecular sieving-based separation performance of a continuous zeolite membrane. Herein, we propose a simple and reliable method for blocking defects using water-soluble dye molecules, which were originally used for the visualization of nonzeolitic, defective structures in a zeolite membrane. Because the dye molecules are ∼1 nm in size, they cannot diffuse into the zeolitic pores and selectively access the defects. For the demonstration of dye-based defect healing, we chose a siliceous chabazite type SSZ-13 zeolite membrane (pore size = 0.37 × 0.42 nm2) with some degree of defects and investigated the effect of defect healing on the final CO2 separation performance. Because the defects were gradually filled by the dye molecules, both CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation performances were concomitantly increased. Intriguingly, the CO2 perm-selectivity test with ternary mixtures including H2O vapor (the third largest component in the flue and natural/shale/bio gas streams) in the feed diminished CO2 separation performance. This could be ascribed to inhibited transport of the fast permeating species, here CO2, from the adsorbed H2O molecules on the dye-treated and water-friendly (relatively hydrophilic) membrane surface. On the contrary, the intact, siliceous (water-repelling or hydrophobic) SSZ-13 membranes showed improved CO2 perm-selectivities in the presence of H2O vapor, seemingly due to defect blocking by the physisorbed H2O molecules.
Ultra-flattened dispersion holey fibers: genetic algorithm design and fabrication tolerances (2005)

We design practical nonlinear holey fibers through a genetic algorithm, achieving dispersions of 0plusmn0.1 ps/nm/km between 1.5 and 1.6 mum. The fabrication tolerances are also estimated through a dispersion sensitivity analysis
Mild Sensory Stimulation Completely Protects the Adult Rodent Cortex from Ischemic Stroke (2010)

Despite progress in reducing ischemic stroke damage, complete protection remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that, after permanent occlusion of a major cortical artery (middle cerebral artery; MCA), single whisker stimulation can induce complete protection of the adult rat cortex, but only if administered within a critical time window. Animals that receive early treatment are histologically and behaviorally equivalent to healthy controls and have normal neuronal function. Protection of the cortex clearly requires reperfusion to the ischemic area despite permanent occlusion. Using blood flow imaging and other techniques we found evidence of reversed blood flow into MCA branches from an alternate arterial source via collateral vessels (inter-arterial connections), a potential mechanism for reperfusion. These findings suggest that the cortex is capable of extensive blood flow reorganization and more importantly that mild sensory stimulation can provide complete protection from impending stroke given early intervention. Such non-invasive, non-pharmacological intervention has clear translational potential.
Fiber optic rotation sensor technology (1979)

A concept for an all-waveguide fiber-optic rotation sensor is discussed, and the results of preliminary tests of key elements are described. A single channel waveguide coupler design provides the functions of an optical switch, a 3-dB beam splitter, a phase retarder, and a signal modulator, all of which may be formed on the same chip and interconnected by channel single-mode waveguides. Preliminary test results for the waveguide coupler and for a rotation sensor without the coupler are presented. Signal processing, polarization control, and interconnection of the waveguide components are discussed.
Indole signalling contributes to the stable maintenance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> multicopy plasmids (2006)

The efficient transmission of multicopy plasmids to daughter cells at division requires that a high copy number is maintained. Plasmid multimers depress copy number, thereby causing instability. Various mechanisms exist to counter multimerization and thus ensure stable maintenance. One well-studied example is the multimer resolution system of the Escherichia coli plasmid ColE1 which carries a recombination site (cer) at which multimers are resolved to monomers by the XerCD recombinase. A promoter within cer initiates synthesis of a short transcript (Rcd) in multimer-containing cells. The Rcd checkpoint hypothesis proposes that Rcd delays cell division until multimer resolution is complete. We have identified tryptophanase (which catabolizes tryptophan to pyruvate and indole) as an Rcd binding protein. Furthermore, the stabilization of multicopy plasmids by Rcd is shown to be tryptophanase dependent, and a tryptophanase-deficient strain is resistant to growth inhibition by Rcd overexpression. Rcd increases the affinity of tryptophanase for its substrate tryptophan which causes increased indole production by cells in low-density cultures. Thus Rcd-mediated stabilization of multicopy plasmids is dependent upon indole acting as a signalling molecule. This is an novel role for this molecule which previously has been implicated in quorum sensing-like processes at high cell density.
A Survey on Autonomic Provisioning and Management of QoS in SDN Networks (2019)

In today's Internet, killer network services and applications, such as video and audio streaming, network storage, and online video games, are pushing the network infrastructure resources to the edge. By design and for the most part, the Internet is the best offer delivery ecosystem with little or no end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees. Even, frameworks, such as IntServ and DiffServ that were designed and implemented to provide QoS guarantees, still fail to solve this problem at a wide scale. Software-defined networking (SDN) is a fast emerging networking paradigm that promises to provide end-to-end QoS guaranteeing by offering greater network flexibility, abstraction, control, and programmability to network resources. In this paper, we review, survey, and discuss the current state of the art on QoS provisioning in the area of SDN, with respect to applying the concept of autonomic computing (AC) to automatically support, provision, monitor, and maintain QoS requirements. This paper includes in-depth classification, taxonomy, and comparative analysis for the autonomic-based QoS provisioning in accordance with the famous influential and widely adopted the monitor-analyze-plan-execute-knowledge (MAPE-K) IBM architectural model for autonomic computing.
Ischemic Central Necrosis in Pockets of Transplanted Myoblasts in Nonhuman Primates: Implications for Cell-Transplantation Strategies (2007)

The desire to create more neoformed tissue by delivering more cells per injection site is confronted with the fact that the acute survival of the implanted cells is restricted to the peripheral layer that can profit of the diffusion of oxygen and nutriments from the surrounding recipient's tissue.
An efficient implementation of lazy reevaluation (1992)

Advances in distributed computing have resulted in the design of fast simulators for digital systems. A parallel, optimistically synchronized (time warp) digital systems simulator using VHDL as the hardware description language has been developed. The simulator incorporates several optimizations to the time warp mechanism, including lazy cancellation, flow control, lazy rollback, lazy reevaluation, and rollback relaxation. This paper presents an efficient implementation of lazy reevaluation which has historically been too computationally expensive for effective utilization. The realization of this optimization is proposed in this paper results in an identification of only a subset of the total forward jumps that are possible in lazy reevaluation. >
Amino acid discrimination in a nanopore and the feasibility of sequencing peptides with a tandem cell and exopeptidase (2015)

Peptide sequencing in an electrolytic cell with two nanopores in tandem and exopeptidase.