gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Engine Piston Installation Using Industrial Robots (2007)

This paper presents engine piston installation using industrial robots. Because the current manual and hard automation engine piston installation systems are either labour intensive or inflexible and costly, the three-robot and two-robot piston installation systems are developed and investigated. The robotic piston installation process is simulated. A robotic piston stuffing gripper with ring detection is designed to perform the sophisticated stuffing process. Robot force control is used in the cylinder bore finding. The piston stuffing is implemented using a search-finding method based on the force control. The searching method and parameters are discussed. Related future research and development are proposed.
Fiber optic radiation dosimetry for medical applications (1990)

The dosimetry with glass fibers perrilits for the first time the dose to be determined in the immediate vicinity of the tumour. A fiberoptic dosimeter can either be introduced during an operation or else inserted via a cannula into the vicinity of the tumour to be irradiated. The dosimeter should remain in the patient's body until radiation therapy has been completed. The basic principle of the fiberoptic dosimeter is to measure the additional attenuation generated in the fiber by irradiation. A lead-glass fiber with 60 weight - % PbO was used as a particular radiationsensitive fiber. This is a step-index fiber with a core diameter of 100 pm and a total diameter of 110 pm. Measurements of the spectral distribution of the induced loss result in a detection sensitivity of smaller than 0.1 Gy for the lead-glass fiber at a local resolution of about 2 cm. This satisfies the demands of radiotherapy.
Moisture-swing sorption for carbon dioxide capture from ambient air: a thermodynamic analysis (2012)

An ideal chemical sorbent for carbon dioxide capture from ambient air (air capture) must have a number of favourable properties, such as environmentally benign behaviour, a high affinity for CO(2) at very low concentration (400 ppm), and a low energy cost for regeneration. The last two properties seem contradictory, especially for sorbents employing thermal swing adsorption. On the other hand, thermodynamic analysis shows that the energy cost of an air capture device need only be slightly larger than that of a flue gas scrubber. The moisture swing separation process studied in this paper provides a novel approach to low cost CO(2) capture from air. The anionic exchange resin sorbent binds CO(2) when dry and releases it when wet. A thermodynamic model with coupled phase and chemical equilibria is developed to study the complex H(2)O-CO(2)-resin system. The moisture swing behaviour is compatible with hydration energies changing with the activity of water on the resin surfaces. This activity is in turn set by the humidity. The rearrangement of hydration water on the resin upon the sorption of a CO(2) molecule is predicted as a function of the humidity and temperature. Using water as fuel to drive the moisture swing enables an economical, large-scale implementation of air capture. By generating CO(2) with low partial pressures, the present technology has implications for in situ CO(2) utilizations which require low pressure CO(2) gas rather than liquid CO(2).
Measuring the Difficulty Watching Video With Hemianopia and an Initial Test of a Rehabilitation Approach (2018)

The value as a possible rehabilitation aid of the content guide warrants further study that involves an extended period of content-guide use and a randomized controlled trial.
All-Aqueous Electrosprayed Emulsion for Templated Fabrication of Cytocompatible Microcapsules (2015)

Encapsulation of biomolecules and cells in hydrogel capsules via emulsion templating frequently induces an irreversible loss of bioactivity, because of the use of nonaqueous solvents. Here, we introduce an all-aqueous electrospray (AAE) approach to generate aqueous two-phase emulsion droplets, and we use them as templates to fabricate microcapsules with preserved cell viability. The approach allows formation of monodisperse microparticles with tunable sizes, variable compositions, and interior architectures in a mild gelation process. This technique potentially benefits a variety of new biomedical applications, such as delivery of bioactive proteins, transplantation of living cells, and assembly of cell-mimicking structures.
Conically scanned lidar telescope using holographic optical elements (1992)

Holographic optical elements (HOE) using volume phase holograms make possible a new class of lightweight scanning telescopes having advantages for lidar remote sensing instruments. So far, the only application of HOE's to lidar has been a non-scanning receiver for a laser range finder. We introduce a large aperture, narrow field of view (FOV) telescope used in a conical scanning configuration, having a much smaller rotating mass than in conventional designs. Typically, lidars employ a large aperture collector and require a narrow FOV to limit the amount of skylight background. Focal plane techniques are not good approaches to scanning because they require a large FOV within which to scan a smaller FOV mirror or detector array. Thus, scanning lidar systems have either used a large flat scanning mirror at which the receiver telescope is pointed, or the entire telescope is steered. We present a concept for a conically scanned lidar telescope in which the only moving part is the HOE which serves as the primary collecting optic. We also describe methods by which a multiplexed HOE can be used simultaneously as a dichroic beamsplitter.
An efficient copper-catalyzed formation of highly substituted pyrazoles using molecular oxygen as the oxidant (2012)

An efficient Cu-catalyzed formation of tetra-substituted pyrazoles is reported. In this atom economic process, readily available enamines and nitriles are reacted by C–C and N–N bond formation. Oxygen has been successfully used as the oxidant, which has important economic and environmental advantages. A broad scope of enamines and nitriles can be utilized in this process.
Stereotactic Surgical System Controlled by Computed Tomography (1981)

The three-dimensional data obtained by computed tomographic (CT) scanning offer an advantage in using this imaging technique for stereotactic surgical procedures. This requires interfacing of CT image data with a stereotactic guide. In the performance of functional procedures where the surgical target must be identified from brain landmarks, such as the anterior and posterior commissures, an image reconstruction technique that presents in an image high spatial resolution structural information must be used. The description of a fully hardware- and software-interfaced CT-directed stereotactic surgical system is presented. The logic of operation and examples of images reconstructed with a high spatial resolution algorithm are illustrated. The experimentally determined measurement of an electrode tip localization with this system is within 1 pixel or +/- 0.5 mm in any direction.
Photonic crystal enabled THz sources and one-way waveguides (2010)

We present two photonic crystal enabled platforms, exhibiting novel active optical phenomena. First, using a detailed theoretical and numerical analysis, we show how a Purcell-effect inspired nonlinear nanophotonic scheme could enable optimal and compact THz sources via optical difference frequency generation. Second, we show how electromagnetic one-way edge modes analogous to quantum Hall edge states, originally predicted by Raghu and Haldane in gyroelectric photonic crystals, can appear in more general settings. In gyromagnetic YIG photonic crystals operating at microwave frequencies, time-reversal breaking is strong enough that the effect is readily observable. We present our experimental results on this novel phenomenon.
High-index-contrast dielectric metasurface optics for MWIR imaging (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The mid-wave infrared (MWIR) is an important band for numerous applications ranging from night vision to biochemical sensing. However, unlike visible or near-infrared (NIR) optical parts, which are economically available off the shelf, MWIR optics are plagued by much higher costs and often inferior performance compared to their visible or NIR counterparts. Optical metasurfaces, artificial materials with subwavelength-scale thicknesses and on-demand electromagnetic responses, provide a promising solution for cost-effective, high-performance infrared optics. Using high-refractive-index (> 5) chalcogenide materials deposited on IR-transparent substrates, we have experimentally demonstrated a MWIR transmissive metasurface device with diffraction-limited focusing and imaging performance and optical efficiency up to 75%. We further show that the metasurface design can accommodate ultra-wide field-of-view and the fabrication method can be extended to conformal integration of metasurface optics on curved surfaces. The projected size, weight and power advantages, coupled with the manufacturing scalability leveraging standard microfabrication technologies, makes the meta-optical devices promising for next-generation MWIR system applications.
Modified Lithium Borohydrides for Reversible Hydrogen Storage (2) (2006)

This paper reports the results of the effort to destabilize lithium borohydride for reversible hydrogen storage. Various metals, metal hydrides, and metal chlorides were selected and evaluated as destabilization agents for reducing dehydriding temperatures and improving dehydriding/rehydriding reversibility. The most effective material was LiBH4 + 0.2MgCl2 + 0.1TiCl3 which starts desorbing 5 wt % of hydrogen at 60 °C and can be rehydrogenated to 4.5 wt % at 600 °C and 70 bar. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic analysis show the interaction of LiBH4 with additives and the unusual change of B−H stretching.
Biomolecular Recognition of Crystal Defects: A Diffuse‐Selection Approach (2006)

Phage display has been used to find an amino acid sequence that shows binding affinity for surface defects in germanium. A general approach called “diffuse selection” is employed to find consensus peptide sequences (see figure) demonstrating binding specificity for highly defective crystal surfaces versus non-defective crystal surfaces. This approach may be useful for selecting semiconductors with specific doping profiles from diffuse targets with large competing backgrounds.
Image watermarking based on invariant regions of scale-space representation (2006)

This paper proposes a novel content-based image watermarking method based on invariant regions of an image. The invariant regions are self-adaptive image patches that deform with geometric transformations. Three different invariant-region detection methods based on the scale-space representation of an image were considered for watermarking. At each invariant region, the watermark is embedded after geometric normalization according to the shape of the region. By binding watermarking with invariant regions, resilience against geometric transformations can be readily obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against various image processing steps, including geometric transformations, cropping, filtering, and JPEG compression.
An Automatic Assessment System of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Wound Area Determination, Color Segmentation, and Healing Score Evaluation (2015)

Our system provides a promising real-time method for wound assessment based on image analysis. Clinical comparisons indicate that the optimized mean-shift-based algorithm is well suited for wound area determination. Clinical evaluation of our healing score algorithm shows its potential to provide clinicians with a quantitative method for evaluating wound healing status.
Development and Evaluation of a Sarcocystis Neurona-specific Igm Capture Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (2006)

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious neurologic disease of horses caused primarily by the protozoal parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Currently available antemortem diagnostic testing has low specificity. The hypothesis of this study was that serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of horses experimentally challenged with S neurona would have an increased S neurona-specific IgM (Sn-IgM) concentration after infection, as determined by an IgM capture enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). The ELISA was based on the S neurona low molecular weight protein SNUCD-1 antigen and the monoclonal antibody 2G5 labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The test was evaluated using serum and CSF from 12 horses experimentally infected with 1.5 million S neurona sporocysts and 16 horses experimentally infected with varying doses (100 to 100,000) of S neurona sporocysts, for which results of histopathologic examination of the central nervous system were available. For horses challenged with 1.5 million sporocysts, there was a significant increase in serum Sn-IgM concentrations compared with values before infection at weeks 2-6 after inoculation (P < .0001). For horses inoculated with lower doses of S neurona, there were significant increases in serum Sn-IgM concentration at various points in time after inoculation, depending on the challenge dose (P < .01). In addition, there was a significant increase between the CSF Sn-IgM concentrations before and after inoculation (P < .0001). These results support further evaluation of the assay as a diagnostic test during the acute phase of EPM.
A self-assembling peptide acting as an immune adjuvant (2009)

The development of vaccines and other immunotherapies has been complicated by heterogeneous antigen display and the use of incompletely defined immune adjuvants with complex mechanisms of action. We have observed strong antibody responses in mice without the coadministration of any additional adjuvant by noncovalently assembling a T and B cell epitope peptide into nanofibers using a short C-terminal peptide extension. Self-assembling peptides have been explored recently as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but our results indicate that these materials may also be useful as chemically defined adjuvants. In physiological conditions, these peptides self-assembled into long, unbranched fibrils that displayed the epitope on their surfaces. IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 were raised against epitope-bearing fibrils in levels similar to the epitope peptide delivered in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and IgM production was even greater for the self-assembled epitope. This response was dependent on self-assembly, and the self-assembling sequence was not immunogenic by itself, even when delivered in CFA. Undetectable levels of interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 in cultures of peptide-challenged splenocytes from immunized mice suggested that the antibody responses did not involve significant T cell help.
Self-weaving sulfur–carbon composite cathodes for high rate lithium–sulfur batteries (2012)

Realization of a ubiquitous clean energy future depends critically on the efficient storage and utilization of renewable energies. Lithium-ion batteries are appealing in this regard, but low-cost, abundant, safe, high energy-density electrode materials need to be developed to adopt them. Here we present a sulfur-multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite cathode with high-rate cyclability by a facile binder/current collector-free fabrication process. The composite cathode exhibits high capacities of 1352 mAh g(-1) at 1C rate and 1012 mAh g(-1) at 4C rate. Due to the self-weaving behavior of MWCNTs, extra cell components such as binders and current collectors are rendered unnecessary, thereby streamlining the electrode manufacturing process and decreasing the cell weight. While the highly conductive MWCNTs improve the active material utilization at high rates, the absorption ability of the cathode framework localizes the electrolyte and suppresses the migration of soluble polysulfides. The cathode design and facile synthesis enhance the feasibility of practical high rate Li-S batteries.
Test Machine Scheduling and Optimization for z/ OS (2007)

We describe a system for solving a complex scheduling problem faced by software product test organizations. Software testers need time on test machines with specific features and configurations to perform the test tasks assigned to them. There is a limited number of machines with any given configuration, and this makes the machines scarce resources. Deadlines are always short. Thus, testers must reserve time on machines. Managing a schedule for a large test organization is a difficult task to perform manually. Requirements change frequently, making the task even more onerous, yet scheduling is done by hand in most teams. Our scheduling system is able to take into account the many and varied constraints and preferences that a team of human users inevitably has
Development of an analytical model for the laser machining of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials (1996)

A laser machining model for ceramics and glass ceramics is developed from the analytical treatment of a one-dimensional vaporization problem with a distributed heat source. Analytical solutions are derived for evolution of the material system from an arbitrary initial state to a quasisteady state. The developed solutions are used to predict the behavior of high-intensity Nd:YAG laser pulses (up to 107 W/cm2, ms duration) on a typical ceramic or glass ceramic material. Predictions include the critical intensity required for vaporization of material Ic, the material removal ΔM, and thickness of the affected residual surface layer S after a single laser pulse of given shape and intensity. Predictions are compared with the numerical calculations from a commercially available software package.
Orally Active, Water-Soluble Antimalarial 3-Aryltrioxanes:  Short Synthesis and Preclinical Efficacy Testing in Rodents (2002)

Short chemical syntheses of four new antimalarial trioxanes are presented, starting with inexpensive and commercially available cyclohexanone. Almost exclusive formation of the trioxane 12alpha-stereoisomers simplifies product purification. Carboxyphenyltrioxanes 3 and 5 are thermally stable in air even at 60 degrees C for 24 h. When administered orally, these new carboxyphenyltrioxanes are highly efficacious in curing malaria-infected mice. Important for their practical in vivo administration, these new synthetic antimalarial trioxanes 3 and 5 are 14-20 times more soluble in water at pH 7.4 than is artelinic acid (1), a leading semisynthetic, herb-derived antimalarial trioxane drug candidate.
Decoupling conservative and dissipative forces in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (2011)

Experiments and theoretical calculations of conservative forces measured by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in vacuum are generally in reasonable agreement. This contrasts with dissipative forces, where experiment and theory often disagree by several orders of magnitude. These discrepancies have repeatedly been attributed to instrumental artifacts, the cause of which remains elusive. We demonstrate that the frequency response of the piezoacoustic cantilever excitation system, traditionally assumed flat, can actually lead to surprisingly large apparent damping by the coupling of the frequency shift to the drive-amplitude signal, typically referred to as the ``dissipation'' signal. Our theory predicts large quantitative and qualitative variability observed in dissipation spectroscopy experiments, contrast inversion at step edges and in atomic-scale dissipation imaging, as well as changes in the power-law relationship between the drive signal and bias voltage in dissipation spectroscopy. The magnitude of apparent damping can escalate by more than an order of magnitude at cryogenic temperatures. We present a simple nondestructive method for correcting this source of apparent damping, which will allow dissipation measurements to be reliably and quantitatively compared to theoretical models.
Enhancement of solubility in Escherichia coli and purification of an aminotransferase from Sphingopyxis sp. MTA144 for deamination of hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 (2010)

We found that only reduction of temperature, but not reduction of expression level or fusion to maltose-binding protein helped to produce correctly folded, active aminotransferase FumI in E. coli. Our results may provide a starting point for soluble expression of related aminotransferases or other aggregation-prone proteins in E. coli.
Importance of Extract Standardization and <i>In Vitro/Ex Vivo</i> Assay Selection for the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Botanicals: A Case Study on Three <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Extracts (2010)

The overproduction of free radicals and oxygen reactive species is suspected to be implicated in a wide range of metabolic reactions that can have pernicious consequences in the development of a variety of human diseases. Botanical extracts are sources of antioxidants that counteract both free radicals and oxygen reactive species. The processing conditions used in the botanical extraction may influence the antioxidant composition; therefore, different extracts from the same plant may have different antioxidant properties. To illustrate this fact, we conducted a study using three commercial rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extracts. The three extracts were standardized to contain, respectively, 20% carnosic acid, 40% ursolic acid, or 20% rosmarinic acid. They were evaluated for their total (hydrophilic + lipophilic) antioxidant effects on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), their ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and their capacity to inhibit Cu(2+)-induced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation ex vivo. The ursolic acid extract showed the lowest antioxidant capacity on all models. The rosmarinic acid extract had an antioxidant capacity 1.5 times higher on ORAC and four times higher on FRAP than the carnosic acid extract. However, the carnosic acid extract was better than the rosmarinic acid extract in inhibiting the oxidation of LDL ex vivo. These results encourage conducting further studies to evaluate the carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid extracts in vivo. Our study offers an example of the importance of the extraction procedures, on which depends the nature of the antioxidant composition, and highlights interest to proceed with in vitro/ex vivo assay selection for the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of botanical extracts.
High rate rechargeable lithium cells employing lithium ion conducting solid electrolytes. Technical report, January-December 1994 (1995)

Results are presented on high temperature solid state cells employing 50:50 weight percent lithium germanium vanadium oxide-lithium iodide. The incorporation of lithium iodide in lithium germanium vanadium oxide resulted in higher pellet conductivities and improved the high rate performance of the solid state cells. The cells were comprised of a lithium-aluminum or lithium-silicon alloy as the anode and a CVD thin film of titanium disulfide as the cathode. The cells exhibited an open circuit potential of about 2.1 V at 300 deg C and could be discharged at current densities up to 0.5 ampere per square centimeter.