gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact Two-Qubit Universal Quantum Circuit (2003)

We provide an analytic way to implement any arbitrary two-qubit unitary operation, given an entangling two-qubit gate together with local gates. This is shown to provide explicit construction of a universal quantum circuit that exactly simulates arbitrary two-qubit operations in SU(4). Each block in this circuit is given in a closed form solution. We also provide a uniform upper bound of the applications of the given entangling gates, and find that exactly half of all the controlled-unitary gates satisfy the same upper bound as the CNOT gate. These results allow for the efficient implementation of operations in SU(4) required for both quantum computation and quantum simulation.
Self-Assembling Fullerenes for Improved Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices (2008)

The fullerene adducts 1a and 1b, whose molecular shapes either promote or hinder the formation of 1-D stacks, have been examined for their potential to form 1-D wire-like domains in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. The photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells based on blends of the stacking fullerene 1a with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) is greatly enhanced compared to nonstacking model fullerene 1b.
<title>Application of composite invisible image watermarks to simplify detection of a distinct watermark from a large set</title> (2002)

Earlier, we presented a highly robust invisible watermarking technique for digitized images having a payload of one bit - indicating the presence or absence of the watermark. Other invisible watermarking techniques also possess this property. This family of techniques may be used to watermark a source image with distinct marks, perhaps to indicate the identity of the recipient, resulting in a set of many near-copies of the source image. Then, the problem of detecting a distinct watermark in an image from the set may imply attempting detection of all possible watermarks. In this paper we will present a technique using composite watermarks which reduces the number of attempts necessary for distinct watermark detection. If the number of images in the set is m to the power n, then the number of attempted detections is never more than m times n. Thus, for m=10 and n=3, a set of 1000 distinctly watermarked near-copies can be produced, but instead of 1000 attempted detection's to insure identification of a particular watermark, only thirty are required. The techniques used for constructing composite watermarks will be detailed and limitations of this approach will be discussed. Results of a successful detection of a distinct watermark from a large set will be presented.
High-quality wideband audio coding (1990)

Coding of CD-quality wideband digital audio signals at low bit rates (e.g., 64–128 kbits/s per audio channel) is a rapidly evolving research topic. Although considered impossible only a few years ago, recent results have demonstrated this capability, and these coding algorithms are now a topic for standards committees including the International Standards Organization (ISO). This technique promises reduction of the bit rate needed for digital transmission and digital storage of CD-quality sound by a factor of 6 to 10. This is achieved while maintaining transparency of the coding and decoding process even to the most critical listener. The most advanced coding algorithms in this field employ models of the masking properties of the human auditory system to “hide” the inevitable quantization noise under the masking threshold. The best results have been obtained using frequency domain techniques. As known from speech coding, the input signal is decomposed into subsampled spectral components using either an overlapped transform or a tree-structured filter-bank. This paper will present examples of both transform and subband coders. It will focus on the use of knowledge from psychoacoustics in these “perceptual” coders. Demonstrations of the capabilities and the weak points of the currently existing wideband audio coders will be given.
Earplug and hearing devices formed <i>in situ</i> (1995)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John G. Casali, Daniel W. Mauney; Earplug and hearing devices formed in situ. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1995; 97 (1): 733–734. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.412263 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Slim coherent backlight unit for holographic display using full color holographic optical elements (2017)

The coherent backlight unit (BLU) using a holographic optical element (HOE) for full-color flat-panel holographic display is proposed. The HOE BLU consists of two reflection type HOEs that change the optical beam path and shape by diffraction. The illumination area of backlight is 150 mm x 90 mm and the thickness is 10 mm, which is slim compared to other conventional coherent backlight units for holographic display systems. This backlight unit exhibits a total efficiency of 8.0% at red (660 nm), 7.7% at green (532 nm), and 3.2% at blue (460 nm) using optimized recording conditions for each wavelength. As a result, we could get a bright full color hologram image.
Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems in the Presence of Inter-Cell Interference (2010)

Abstract - A new inter-cell interference aware channel estimation technique for OFDM systems is presented. In the proposed algorithm, user equipment (UE) jointly detects the channel weights of the communication links associated with the serving and the interfering cells. Performance benefits of the proposed method are demonstrated by considering the OFDMA downlink as defined in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE). The raw bit error rate results with the new estimation technique and the well-known least squares (LS) channel estimator are compared in the presence of one dominant inter-cell interferer.
Optical properties of CdSe microcrystallite-doped glasses (1991)

Glasses doped with a large amount of CdSe microcrystallites (H-glasses) have been prepared and their optical properties have been evaluated. In order to avoid volatilization of CdSe during melting process, low melting glass system CdO-ZnO-P2O5 was employed as a glass matrix. Batch materials were melted at 1,200°C for 15 min. and then quenched using a conventional press-cooling method. By increasing the concentration of CdO in the glass matrix, the CdSe solubility in these glasses becomes higher.
A short D-enantiomeric antimicrobial peptide with potent immunomodulatory and antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii (2017)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of new, rationally-designed derivatives of a short α-helical peptide, RR. From the peptides designed, RR4 and its D-enantiomer, D-RR4, emerged as the most potent analogues with a more than 32-fold improvement in antimicrobial activity observed against multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Remarkably, D-RR4 demonstrated potent activity against colistin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa (isolated from cystic fibrosis patients) indicating a potential therapeutic advantage of this peptide over several AMPs. In contrast to many natural AMPs, D-RR4 retained its activity under challenging physiological conditions (high salts, serum, and acidic pH). Furthermore, D-RR4 was more capable of disrupting P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii biofilms when compared to conventional antibiotics. Of note, D-RR4 was able to bind to lipopolysaccharide to reduce the endotoxin-induced proinflammatory cytokine response in macrophages. Finally, D-RR4 protected Caenorhabditis elegans from lethal infections of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii and enhanced the activity of colistin in vivo against colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa.
The unscented Kalman filter for pedestrian tracking from a moving host (2008)

In this paper we present a time-efficient estimation framework for camera-based pedestrian tracking from a moving host car using a monocular camera. An image processing system processes the camera output to find the location of objects of interest in each frame. The position and sensor information about the host translation and rotation are passed to a tracking module. The module uses the position of the detected objectpsilas foot point as measurement input and connects them over time to estimate the movement of the objects of interest in order to reduce noise and single frame failures in the detection process. We have developed a new method to estimate the target movement which takes into account the host movement and allows to exploit prior information about the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. The basic idea is to assume that host and target movements can be modelled as 2-dimensional movements on a flat ground-plane. Our developed motion model is based on this assumption and includes host motion as well as the target ego motion. A measurement is modelled as a perspective projection of a point on the ground-plane to the image plane. The motion and the measurement model are combined by an unscented Kalman filter. This filter is relatively new and has not been applied for pedestrian tracking before. Finally, we present a new logical initialization strategy for the selected filter, a part that is left out by most other publications. First results indicate that our approach gives good tracking results and allows to track pedestrians from a moving host in real time.
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's Disease 1993 – 2003: where are we 10 years on? (2004)

Since its advent in 1993, high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has rapidly developed into the most commonly practiced surgical procedure for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Although its exact mechanism of action, be it through an inhibitory depolarization block, desynchronization of neuronal circuits or other means, is not clear, the efficacy and safety of the technique are now well established. HFS of the STN improves the motor function by at least 60%, drastically reduces the levodopa requirement and significantly improves the quality of life in PD. This review updates the recent concepts on the pathophysiology of PD and analyses the basic science principles underlying the clinical practice of the STN HFS. The evolution of the surgical technique and long-term patients' outcome are further discussed.
A Single‐Step Method for Estimation of Local Cerebral Blood Volume from Susceptibility Contrast MRI Images (1995)

A new single-step method is described for estimation of local cerebral blood volume (CBV) from multiple rapidly acquired T2- or T2*-weighted MRI images after bolus administration of a susceptibility contrast agent. This method improves on existing methods in three ways. First, the method includes the baseline scan intensity value as a fitted parameter. Second, the model is fitted directly to the original scan intensity values instead of to transformed concentration curves, avoiding the propagation of errors that occurs in the transformation. Third, the equations are reparameterized with CBV fitted directly as a model parameter. Parameter estimation methods are compared by Monte Carlo simulation. The direct method described here yields more precise parameter estimates, with smaller mean absolute deviations from the true parameter values, than the existing method when compared using simulated data. Implementation is discussed and numerical evaluation of the Digamma or Psi function is described.
PRODUCTION OF FOAMS, FIBERS AND PITCHES USING A COAL EXTRACTION PROCESS (2004)

This Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory sponsored project developed processes for converting coal feedstocks to carbon products, including coal-derived pitch, coke foams and fibers based on solvent extraction processes. A key technology is the use of hydrogenation accomplished at elevated temperatures and pressures to obtain a synthetic coal pitch. Hydrogenation, or partial direct liquefaction of coal, is used to modify the properties of raw coal such that a molten synthetic pitch can be obtained. The amount of hydrogen required to produce a synthetic pitch is about an order of magnitude less than the amount required to produce synthetic crude oil. Hence the conditions for synthetic pitch production consume very little hydrogen and can be accomplished at substantially lower pressure. In the molten state, hot filtration or centrifugation can be used to separate dissolved coal chemicals from mineral matter and insolubles (inertinite), resulting in the production of a purified hydrocarbon pitch. Alternatively, if hydrogenation is not used, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids appropriate for use as precursors to carbon products can obtained by dissolving coal in a solvent. As in the case for partial direct liquefaction pitches, undissolved coal is removed via hot filtration or centrifugation. Excess solvent is boiled off and recovered. The resultant solid material, referred to as Solvent Extracted Carbon Ore or SECO, has been used successfully to produce artificial graphite and carbon foam.
Unsupervised ranking and characterization of differentiated clusters (2013)

We describe a framework for automatically identifying and visualizing the most differentiating attributes of each cluster in a clustered data set. A dissimilarity function measures the cluster-conditional distinguishing saliency of each attribute with respect to a reference realization of the same attribute. For each cluster, the N attributes that are most dissimilar are presented first to the human expert, along with the overall dissimilarity of the cluster. We discuss the computational benefits of the proposed framework, how it can be implemented with map-reduce, its application to the behavioral analysis of mobile phone users, and it broad applicability to diverse problem domains.
Realization and comparison of a new push-pull direct-connected multiple-input converter family for distributed generation applications (2011)

A new multiple-input converter family with push-pull connection is proposed in this paper. The principles to synthesize multiple-input push-pull connected converters are discussed and a multiple-input push-pull connected Buck-boost converter is analyzed. In addition, comparisons with cost, modularity, flexibility and converter efficiency are made among multiple-input push-pull connected converter family and six other previous studied multiple-input converter families. Three prototypes are built to verify the converter efficiencies and components stress. The results show that the multiple-input push-pull connected Boost converter gives the best efficiency and lowest input switch stresses.
<title>Holographic particle image velocimetry</title> (1992)

Holographic techniques for measuring particles have been studied since the inception of holography. However, techniques used in the past have had limited success in particle velocimetry for one of the following reasons: large depth of focus, poor signal to noise ratio, distortion, and directional ambiguity in the particle displacement. This paper introduces holographic velocimetry, and discusses methods being investigated for implementing holographic particle image velocimetry (HPIV)
Metastability-Containing Circuits (2018)

In digital circuits, metastability can cause deteriorated signals that neither are logical 0 nor logical 1, breaking the abstraction of Boolean logic. Synchronizers, the only traditional countermeasure, exponentially decrease the odds of maintained metastability overtime. We propose a fundamentally different approach: It is possible to deterministically contain metastability by fine-grained logical masking so that it cannot infect the entire circuit. At the heart of our approach lies a time- and value-discrete model for metastability in synchronous clocked digital circuits, in which metastability is propagated in a worst-case fashion. The proposed model permits positive results and passes the test of reproducing Marino's impossibility results. We fully classify which functions can be computed by circuits with standard registers. Regarding masking registers, we show that more functions become computable with each clock cycle, and that masking registers permit exponentially smaller circuits for some tasks. Demonstrating the applicability of our approach, we present the first fault-tolerant distributed clock synchronization algorithm that deterministically guarantees correct behavior in the presence of metastability. As a consequence, clock domains can be synchronized without using synchronizers, enabling metastability-free communication between them.
BlogScope: a system for online analysis of high volume text streams (2007)

We present BlogScope (www.blogscope.net), a system for online analysis of temporally ordered streaming text, currently applied to the analysis of the Blogosphere 1. The system currently tracks over ten million blogs and handles hundreds of thousands of updates daily. BlogScope is an information discovery and text analysis system that offers a set of unique features. Such features include, spatio-temporal analysis of blogs, flexible navigation of the Blogosphere through information bursts, keyword correlations and burst synopsis, as well as enhanced ranking functions for improved query answer relevance. We describe the system, its design and the features of the current version of BlogScope. 1.
Using personalized computer models to custom-tailor ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation patients: are we there yet? (2017)

KEYWORDS: Atrial fibrillationcatheter ablationcomputational modelingfibrotic remodelinglate gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
The encapsulation and intracellular delivery of trehalose using a thermally responsive nanocapsule (2009)

The thermally responsive wall permeability of an empty core-shell structured Pluronic nanocapsule (together with its temperature dependent size and surface charge) was successfully utilized for encapsulation, intracellular delivery, and controlled release of trehalose, a highly hydrophilic small (M(W) = 342 D) molecule (a disaccharide of glucose) that is exceptional for long-term stabilization of biologicals (particularly at ambient temperatures). It was found that trehalose can be physically encapsulated in the nanocapsule using a soaking-freeze-drying-heating procedure. The nanocapsule is capable of physically withholding trehalose with negligible release in hours for cellular uptake at 37 degrees C when its wall permeability is low. A quick release of the encapsulated sugar can be achieved by thermally cycling the nanocapsule between 37 and 22 degrees C (or lower). A significant amount of trehalose (up to 0.3 M) can be delivered into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by incubating the cells with the trehalose-encapsulated nanocapsules at 37 degrees C for 40 min. Moreover, cytotoxicity of the nanocapsule for the purpose of intracellular delivery of trehalose was found to be negligible. Altogether, the thermally responsive nanocapsule is effective for intracellular delivery of trehalose, which is critical for the long-term stabilization of mammalian cells at ambient temperatures and the eventual success of modern cell-based medicine.
High‐Performing Red‐Light‐Emitting Pyrotechnic Illuminants through the Use of Perchlorate‐Free Materials (2014)

The development of perchlorate-free M662 40 mm illuminating pyrotechnic compositions is described. On the bases of cost, performance, and sensitivity, potassium periodate was determined to be most effective potassium perchlorate replacement in the compositions tested. The optimal periodate-based composition exceeded the performance of the perchlorate-containing control, exhibited low sensitivity values to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge, and had high thermal onset temperatures.
Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst and method of preparation and use thereof. [DOE patent application] (1981)

A catalyst for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and hydrogen composed of palladium or platinum and cobalt supported on a solid phase is disclosed. The catalyst is prepared by heating a heterogeneous component of the palladium or platinum deposited on the solid support in a solution of cobalt carbonyl or precursors thereof. The catalyst exhibits excellent activity, stability in air, and produces highly desirable product fractions even with dilute gaseous reactants. The catalyst is preferably used in dilute slurry form, which is desirable from a heat transfer standpoint.
Enhanced Wet Adhesion and Shear of Elastomeric Micro-Fiber Arrays with Mushroom Tip Geometry and a Photopolymerized p(DMA-co-MEA) Tip Coating (2010)

Using principles inspired by the study of naturally occurring sticky systems such as the micro- and nanoscale fibers on the toes of geckos and the adhesive proteins secreted by marine animals such as mussels, this study describes the development and evaluation of a novel patterned and coated elastomeric microfibrillar material for enhanced repeatable adhesion and shear in wet environments. A multistep fabrication process consisting of optical lithography, micromolding, polymer synthesis, dipping, stamping, and photopolymerization is described to produce uniform arrays of polyurethane elastomeric microfibers with mushroom-shaped tips coated with a thin layer of lightly cross-linked p(DMA-co-MEA), an intrinsically adhesive synthetic polymer. Adhesion and shear force characterization of these arrays in contact with a glass hemisphere is demonstrated, and significant pull-off force, overall work of adhesion, and shear force enhancements in submerged aqueous environments are shown when compared to both unpatterned and uncoated samples, as well as previously evaluated patterned and coated arrays with differing geometry. Such materials may have potential value as repeatable adhesives for wet environments, such as for medical devices.
Comparison of telomere length measurement methods (2018)

The strengths and limitations of the major methods developed to measure telomere lengths (TLs) in cells and tissues are presented in this review. These include Q-PCR (<u>Q</u>uantitative <u>P</u>olymerase <u>C</u>hain <u>R</u>eaction), TRF (<u>T</u>erminal <u>R</u>estriction <u>F</u>ragment) analysis, a variety of Q-FISH (<u>Q</u>uantitative <u>F</u>luorescence <u>I</u>n <u>S</u>itu <u>H</u>ybridization) methods, STELA (<u>S</u>ingle <u>TE</u>lomere <u>L</u>ength <u>A</u>nalysis) and TeSLA (<u>Te</u>lomere <u>S</u>hortest <u>L</u>ength <u>A</u>ssay). For each method, we will cover information about validation studies, including reproducibility in independent laboratories, accuracy, reliability and sensitivity for measuring not only the average but also the shortest telomeres. There is substantial evidence that it is the shortest telomeres that trigger DNA damage responses leading to replicative senescence in mammals. However, the most commonly used TL measurement methods generally provide information on average or relative TL, but it is the shortest telomeres that leads to telomere dysfunction (identified by TIF, <u>T</u>elomere dysfunction <u>I</u>nduced <u>F</u>oci) and limit cell proliferation in the absence of a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as telomerase. As the length of the shortest telomeres is a key biomarker determining cell fate and the onset of senescence, a new technique (TeSLA) that provides quantitative information about all the shortest telomeres will be highlighted.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.