gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characteristics of Ion-implanted 4H Silicon Carbide Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors on a P-Type Epilayer (2013)

The methods for the design and fabrication of ion-implanted 4H silicon carbide (SiC) metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) have been studied. The N-well regions are formed by three-fold (Sample A) and four-fold (Sample B) nitrogen ionimplantation on Si-face P-type epilayers with a net accept doping concentration of 6.5×10^15 cm^(-3) grown at american corporation Cree. The layout with testing structures has been designed. The locations of the peak concentration and the longitudinal straggles of the implanted ions are simulated by the Monte Carlo simulator TRIM. The box-like profile for the implantation layer is calculated by the Gauss expression. According to the structure of the device and the energy band for the implantation layer, the theoretical equation of the channel depth for the ion-implantation technique is given and calculated. The processes used to determine the implantation energies and doses are discussed. The experiment for ion-implanted 4H-SiC MESFETs is performed. The Ohmic and Schottky contact metals are annealed Ni/Cr alloy and Ti/Pt double-metal layers, respectively, and the pad metallization is Au. The performance of the current-voltage characteristics of the two samples of ion-implanted 4H-SiC MESFETs has been given at the end.
Wall pressure and thrust of a dual bell nozzle in a cold gas facility (2011)

A dual-bell nozzle has been tested in the ONERA-R2Ch wind tunnel within the CNES PERSEUS program. The wall pressure distributions and the thrust for the two flow regimes have been characterized in the nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) range from 51 up to 597. A hysteresis on the transition NPR between the two flow regimes has been observed according to the evolution of NPR. The duration for the switch between the two flow regimes is less than 10 ms. The hysteresis of about 20% on the NPR has also a direct effect on the thrust. The total thrust of the dual-bell nozzle becomes higher than the thrust of the isolated base nozzle without extension for NPR > 1500. The hysteresis phenomenon has been modeled with the use of supersonic separation criteria and by making the assumption that incipient separation occurs immediately after the transition for increasing NPRs, while effective separation occurs just before the transition for decreasing NPRs.
Modular Test System Architecture for Device, Circuit, and System Level Reliability Testing and Condition Monitoring (2017)

Reliability stress testing of power semiconductors requires significant development effort for a test apparatus to provide the required functionality. This paper presents a modular test system (MTS) architecture that focuses on flexibility, reusability, and adaptability to future test requirements. Different types of tests for different devices in application circuit configuration can be implemented based on the same MTS concept. Vital parameters of the device under test can be acquired in situ during the running stress test. This enables the collection of drift data of these parameters. The control and data acquisition parts of the test system are clearly separated from the actual test circuit. With this physical separation, the same control part can be used for different types of tests. Experimental results of an already implemented test system are provided.
Security quality requirements engineering (SQUARE) methodology (2005)

Requirements engineering, a vital component in successful project development, often does not include sufficient attention to security concerns.Studies show that up-front attention to security can save the economy billions of dollars, yet security concerns are often treated as an afterthought to functional requirements.Industry can thus benefit from a model to examine security requirements in the development stages of the production life cycle.
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent and Isoform Selective JNK3 Inhibitors: SAR Studies on Aminopyrazole Derivatives (2014)

The c-jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is expressed primarily in the brain. Numerous reports have shown that inhibition of JNK3 is a promising strategy for treatment of neurodegeneration. The optimization of aminopyrazole-based JNK3 inhibitors with improved potency, isoform selectivity, and pharmacological properties by structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies utilizing biochemical and cell-based assays, and structure-based drug design is reported. These inhibitors had high selectivity over JNK1 and p38α, minimal cytotoxicity, potent inhibition of 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and ROS generation, and good drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties for iv dosing. 26n was profiled against 464 kinases and was found to be highly selective hitting only seven kinases with >80% inhibition at 10 μM. Moreover, 26n showed good solubility, good brain penetration, and good DMPK properties. Finally, the crystal structure of 26k in complex with JNK3 was solved at 1.8 Å to explore the binding mode of aminopyrazole based JNK3 inhibitors.
Large scale production and controlled deposition of single HUVEC spheroids for bioprinting applications (2017)

We present (1) a fast and automated method for large scale production of HUVEC spheroids based on the hanging drop method and (2) a novel method for well-controlled lateral deposition of single spheroids by drop-on-demand printing. Large scale spheroid production is achieved via printing 1536 droplets of HUVEC cell suspension having a volume of 1 μl each within 3 min at a pitch of 2.3 mm within an array of 48 × 32 droplets onto a flat substrate. Printing efficiencies between 97.9% and 100% and plating efficiencies between 87.3% and 100% were achieved. Harvested spheroids (consisting of approx. 250 HUVECs each) appear uniform in size and shape. After incubation and harvesting, the spheroids are deposited individually in user-defined patterns onto hydrogels using an automated drop-on-demand dispenser setup. Controlled by an image detection algorithm focusing the dispenser nozzle, droplets containing exactly one spheroid are printed onto a substrate, while all other droplets are discarded. Using this approach an array of 6 × 3 HUVEC spheroids with intermediate distances of 500 μm embedded in fibrin was generated. Successful progress of spheroid sprouting and merging of neighboring sprouts was observed during the first 72 h of incubation indicating a good viability of the deposited spheroids.
Stagewise Lasso (2007)

Many statistical machine learning algorithms minimize either an empirical loss function as in AdaBoost, or a penalized empirical loss as in Lasso or SVM. A single regularization tuning parameter controls the trade-off between fidelity to the data and generalizability, or equivalently between bias and variance. When this tuning parameter changes, a regularization of solutions to the minimization problem is generated, and the whole path is needed to select a tuning parameter to optimize the prediction or interpretation performance. Algorithms such as homotopy-Lasso or LARS-Lasso and Forward Stagewise Fitting (FSF) (aka e-Boosting) are of great interest because of their resulted sparse models for interpretation in addition to prediction.

In this paper, we propose the BLasso algorithm that ties the FSF (e-Boosting) algorithm with the Lasso method that minimizes the L1 penalized L2 loss. BLasso is derived as a coordinate descent method with a fixed stepsize applied to the general Lasso loss function (L1 penalized convex loss). It consists of both a forward step and a backward step. The forward step is similar to e-Boosting or FSF, but the backward step is new and revises the FSF (or e-Boosting) path to approximate the Lasso path. In the cases of a finite number of base learners and a bounded Hessian of the loss function, the BLasso path is shown to converge to the Lasso path when the stepsize goes to zero. For cases with a larger number of base learners than the sample size and when the true model is sparse, our simulations indicate that the BLasso model estimates are sparser than those from FSF with comparable or slightly better prediction performance, and that the the discrete stepsize of BLasso and FSF has an additional regularization effect in terms of prediction and sparsity. Moreover, we introduce the Generalized BLasso algorithm to minimize a general convex loss penalized by a general convex function. Since the (Generalized) BLasso relies only on differences not derivatives, we conclude that it provides a class of simple and easy-to-implement algorithms for tracing the regularization or solution paths of penalized minimization problems.
Holographic measurements of inhomogeneous cloud mixing at the centimeter scale (2015)

Optical properties and precipitation efficiency of atmospheric clouds are largely determined by turbulent mixing with their environment. When cloud liquid water is reduced upon mixing, droplets may evaporate uniformly across the population or, in the other extreme, a subset of droplets may evaporate completely, leaving the remaining drops unaffected. Here, we use airborne holographic imaging to visualize the spatial structure and droplet size distribution at the smallest turbulent scales, thereby observing their response to entrainment and mixing with clear air. The measurements reveal that turbulent clouds are inhomogeneous, with sharp transitions between cloud and clear air properties persisting to dissipative scales (<1 centimeter). The local droplet size distribution fluctuates strongly in number density but with a nearly unchanging mean droplet diameter.
Psychotherapy Research:: Current Trends (1987)

In this article I attempt to identify some salient themes in contemporary psychotherapy research. Maturation of the field is reflected in research of higher quality, collaborative research efforts, and rapprochement between researchers, therapists, and theoreticians. Continuing difficulties surround the following areas: outcome, technique, therapist and patient variables as well as their interaction (therapeutic alliance). Society's concerns, the rise of brief psychotherapy, and issues relating to the training of therapists are highlighted.
Manipulation Planning Among Movable Obstacles (2007)

This paper presents the resolve spatial constraints (RSC) algorithm for manipulation planning in a domain with movable obstacles. Empirically we show that our algorithm quickly generates plans for simulated articulated robots in a highly nonlinear search space of exponential dimension. RSC is a reverse-time search that samples future robot actions and constrains the space of prior object displacements. To optimize the efficiency of RSC, we identify methods for sampling object surfaces and generating connecting paths between grasps and placements. In addition to experimental analysis of RSC, this paper looks into object placements and task-space motion constraints among other unique features of the three dimensional manipulation planning domain.
A New Platelet Antigen System, Yuk^a / Yuk^b (1986)

We report a new platelet antigen (Yuk^b) involved in a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP). This antigen is considered to be a product of an allele of the Yuk gene, another allele of which codes for Yuka which was involved in 2 cases of NAITP. The Yuk^a and Yuk^b antigens are not expressed on thrombasthenie platelets which suggests that these antigens are present on platelet glycoprotein IIb and/or IIIa. The gene frequencies for Yuk^a and Yuk^b in the Japanese population were estimated to be 0.0083 and 0.9917, respectively.
Autoprocessing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease precursor expressed in Escherichia coli from a synthetic gene (1992)

A gene encoding an N-terminally extended precursor of 107 residues of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (PR107) was chemically synthesized and cloned into a bacterial expression vector, under the control of the araB promoter. PR107 was expressed alone or fused in phase to the amino or carboxy terminus of the bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). The yield of protease and beta-gal was found to be significantly higher when the gene for PR107 was cloned upstream of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene (PR107-beta-gal). Comparisons of the level of cloned protein expression between protease precursor and mature form suggested that this enhanced expression was due to the additional 5' sequence of the PR107 gene, and occurred at the post-transcriptional level. Autoprocessing of protease precursor and its release from the beta-gal fusion protein were analysed using wild-type and mutated cleavage sites. Mutations were introduced at amino acids downstream of the F-P scissile bond, at positions P4' and P5' in the C-terminal site (TLNF*PISP), and at position P3' in a consensus N-terminal site (TLNF*PQITL) placed at the protease-beta-gal junction. The data obtained suggested that (i) autoprocessing at the carboxy-terminal F-P bond was not significantly influenced by the presence of the N-terminal precursor sequence, (ii) P4' and P5' substitutions in the C-terminal site had no effect on cleavage, and (iii) P3' in the N-terminal site tolerated a wide variety of substitutions.
Chemical routes for low-temperature processing of layer-structured perovskite thin films (1998)

Abstract A complex alkoxide, Sr[BiTa(OC2H5)9]2, was prepared as the precursor for SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films. The film deposited by using the ethanolic solution of the precursor crystallized to SBT below 500°C by rapid thermal annealing in an oxygen flow. The calcination at 250°C in a mixture of water vapor and oxygen following the rapid thermal annealing was found to be effective for improvement of the crystallinity and the development of the microstructure in the SBT films. The 650°C annealed film exhibited the saturated hysteresis loop at 5 V and improved endurance behavior.
Properties of Rhythmic Activity Generated by the Isolated Spinal Cord of the Neonatal Mouse (2000)

We examined the ability of the isolated lumbosacral spinal cord of the neonatal mouse (P0-7) to generate rhythmic motor activity under several different conditions. In the absence of electrical or pharmacological stimulation, we recorded several patterns of spontaneous ventral root depolarization and discharge. Spontaneous, alternating discharge between contralateral ventral roots could occur two to three times over a 10-min interval. We also observed other patterns, including left-right synchrony and rhythmic activity restricted to one side of the cord. Trains of stimuli delivered to the lumbar/coccygeal dorsal roots or the sural nerve reliably evoked episodes of rhythmic activity. During these evoked episodes, rhythmic ventral root discharges could occur on one side of the cord or could alternate from side to side. Bath application of a combination of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA), serotonin, and dopamine produced rhythmic activity that could last for several hours. Under these conditions, the discharge recorded from the left and right L(1)-L(3) ventral roots alternated. In the L(4)-L(5) segments, the discharge had two peaks in each cycle, coincident with discharge of the ipsilateral and contralateral L(1)-L(3) roots. The L(6) ventral root discharge alternated with that recorded from the ipsilateral L(1)-L(3) roots. We established that the drug-induced rhythm was locomotor-like by recording an alternating pattern of discharge between ipsilateral flexor and extensor hindlimb muscle nerves. In addition, by recording simultaneously from ventral roots and muscle nerves, we established that ankle flexor discharge was in phase with ipsilateral L(1)/L(2) ventral root discharge, while extensor discharge was in phase with ipsilateral L(6) ventral root discharge. Rhythmic patterns of ventral root discharge were preserved following mid-sagittal section of the spinal cord, demonstrating that reciprocal inhibitory connections between the left and right sides of the cord are not essential for rhythmogenesis in the neonatal mouse cord. Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, in both the intact and the hemisected preparation, revealed that these receptors contribute to but are not essential for rhythmogenesis. In contrast, the rhythm was abolished following blockade of kainate/AMPA receptors with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione. These findings demonstrate that the isolated mouse spinal cord can produce a variety of coordinated activities, including locomotor-like activity. The ability to study these behaviors under a variety of different conditions offers promise for future studies of rhythmogenic mechanisms in this preparation.
Mafs, Prox1, and Pax6 Can Regulate Chicken βB1-Crystallin Gene Expression (2004)

During lens fiber cell differentiation, the regulation of crystallin gene expression is coupled with dramatic morphological changes. Here we report that Mafs, Prox1, and Pax6, which are essential transcription factors for normal lens development, bind to three functionally important cis elements, PL1, PL2, and OL2, in the chicken betaB1-crystallin promoter and may cooperatively direct the transcription of this lens fiber cell preferred gene. Gel shift assays demonstrated that Mafs bind to the MARE-like sequences in the PL1 and PL2 elements, whereas Prox1, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein like its Drosophila homolog Prospero, interacts with the OL2 element. Furthermore, Pax6, a known repressor of the chicken betaB1-crystallin promoter, binds to all three of these cis elements. In transfection assays, Mafs and Prox1 activated the chicken betaB1-crystallin promoter; however, their transactivation ability was repressed when co-transfected with Pax6. Taken together with the known spatiotemporal expression patterns of Mafs, Prox1, and Pax6 in the developing lens, we propose that Pax6 occupies and represses the chicken betaB1-crystallin promoter in lens epithelial cells, and is displaced by Prox1 and Mafs, which activate the promoter, in differentiating cortical fiber cells.
Intramolecular nucleophilic aminolysis of aliphatic esters. Cyclization of methyl 2-aminomethylbenzoate to phthalimidine (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular nucleophilic aminolysis of aliphatic esters. Cyclization of methyl 2-aminomethylbenzoate to phthalimidineThomas H. Fife and Bruce R. DeMarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 22, 6978–6982Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00438a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00438a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parametric Return Density Estimation for Reinforcement Learning (2012)

Most conventional Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms aim to optimize decision-making rules in terms of the expected returns. However, especially for risk management purposes, other risk-sensitive criteria such as the value-at-risk or the expected shortfall are sometimes preferred in real applications. Here, we describe a parametric method for estimating density of the returns, which allows us to handle various criteria in a unified manner. We first extend the Bellman equation for the conditional expected return to cover a conditional probability density of the returns. Then we derive an extension of the TD-learning algorithm for estimating the return densities in an unknown environment. As test instances, several parametric density estimation algorithms are presented for the Gaussian, Laplace, and skewed Laplace distributions. We show that these algorithms lead to risk-sensitive as well as robust RL paradigms through numerical experiments.
Next-Generation Implementation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Using Digital Health (2021)

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a paradigm-shifting immunotherapy modality in oncology; however, unique toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome limit its ability to be implemented more widely in the outpatient setting or at smaller-volume centers. Three operational challenges with CAR-T therapy include the following: (1) the logistics of toxicity monitoring, ie, with frequent vital sign checks and neurologic assessments; (2) the specialized knowledge required for toxicity management, particularly with regard to CRS and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome; and (3) the need for high-quality symptomatic and supportive care during this intensive period. In this review, we explore potential niches for digital innovations that can improve the implementation of CAR-T therapy in each of these domains. These tools include patient-facing technologies and provider-facing platforms: for example, wearable devices and mobile health apps to screen for fevers and encephalopathy, electronic patient-reported outcome assessments-based workflows to assist with symptom management, machine learning algorithms to predict emerging CRS in real time, clinical decision support systems to assist with toxicity management, and digital coaching to help maintain wellness. Televisits, which have grown in prominence since the novel coronavirus pandemic, will continue to play a key role in the monitoring and management of CAR-T-related toxicities as well. Limitations of these strategies include the need to ensure care equity and stakeholder buy-in, both operationally and financially. Nevertheless, once developed and validated, the next-generation implementation of CAR-T therapy using these digital tools may improve both its safety and accessibility.
Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway with dishevelled and cisplatin synergistically suppresses mesothelioma cell growth. (2008)

Our data suggest that inhibition of Wnt signaling leads to significant antitumor effects.