gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroless Deposition of Thin-Film Cobalt-Tungsten-Phosphorus Layers Using Tungsten Phosphoric Acid (H[sub 3][P(W[sub 3]O[sub 10])[sub 4]]) for ULSI and MEMS Applications (2001)

This paper describes an electroless deposition method for the formation of thin metallic films that contain mainly cobalt with significant amount of tungsten (up to and phosphorus (in the range of The Co(W, P) films can be applied for microelectronics multilevel metallization or for ultralarge-scale integrated (ULSI) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. The film was deposited from an aqueous electrolyte that contained tungsten phosphoric acid, as a source for tungsten. Cobalt sulfate was used as a source for the cobalt ions and sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent and a source for phosphorus. The Co(W, P) thin films from solutions with tungsten phosphoric acid were studied and compared to Co(W, P) films that had been obtained from solutions wherein the tungsten was supplied by tungstate ions. The use of tungsten phosphoric acid allowed higher tungsten content and lower deposition rate when compared to solutions with and The deposition with tungsten phosphoric acid was studied for 20-200 nm thick layers and was found to be reproducible. The deposited layers were bright colored and their specific resistance was in the range of The process parameters of typical solutions are presented and discussed. The film sheet resistance, composition, and surface morphology are presented for various solutions and process conditions. The deposition process involves several reactions that occur simultaneously and are described in this work. Finally, various applications are proposed for copper metallization as a barrier layer, to confine the copper, or as a capping layer to prevent copper oxidation and improve adhesion of the inlaid copper to upper interlevel dielectric layers. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Concurrent Predicates: Finding and Fixing the Root Cause of Concurrency Violations (2012)

To reduce the complexity of debugging multithreaded pro-grams, researchers have developed compile- and run-time techniques that automatically detect concurrency bugs. These techniques can identify a wide range of shared memory er-rors, but are sometimes impractical because they produce many false positives making it difficult to triage and repro-duce specific bugs. To address these concerns, we introduce a control structure, called concurrent predicate (CP), which allows programmers to single out a specific bug by spec-ifying the conditions that must be satisfied for the bug to be triggered. Using bugs from a test suite of 23 programs, applications from RADBench, and TBoost.STM, we show how CP is used to diagnose and reproduce such bugs that could not otherwise be reproduced using similar techniques. 1.
Single-mode-fiber saturable absorber (1984)

Saturable absorption is performed on a signal in a single-mode fiber by allowing the evanescent field of the guided wave to interact with a saturable-absorbing dye. The evanescent field is exposed by mechanically removing a portion of the fiber cladding. The saturable material is then placed in close proximity to the fiber core. The singlemode-fiber saturable absorber is characterized by a nonlinear transmission versus input optical intensity. Transmissions ranging from 50 to 80% have been demonstrated using Eastman 9860 saturable-absorbing dye and optical pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
DeepIso: A Deep Learning Model for Peptide Feature Detection from LC-MS map (2019)

Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based quantitative proteomics provides the relative different protein abundance in healthy and disease-afflicted patients, which offers the information for molecular interactions, signaling pathways, and biomarker identification to serve the drug discovery and clinical research. Typical analysis workflow begins with the peptide feature detection and intensity calculation from LC-MS map. We are the first to propose a deep learning based model, DeepIso, that combines recent advances in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to detect peptide features of different charge states, as well as, estimate their intensity. Existing tools are designed with limited engineered features and domain-specific parameters, which are hardly updated despite a huge amount of new coming proteomic data. On the other hand, DeepIso consisting of two separate deep learning based modules, learns multiple levels of representation of high dimensional data itself through many layers of neurons, and adaptable to newly acquired data. The peptide feature list reported by our model matches with 97.43% of high quality MS/MS identifications in a benchmark dataset, which is higher than the matching produced by several widely used tools. Our results demonstrate that novel deep learning tools are desirable to advance the state-of-the-art in protein identification and quantification.
Canceling stationary sinusoidal noise (1992)

Abstract Sinusoidal noise often contaminates seismic data. When this noise is large compared to seismic signals, it adversely affects prestack seismic processing and subsequent interpretation. We develop a digital least-squares filtering algorithm for canceling stationary sinusoidal noise in seismic data. The method effectively cancels sinusoidal noise when the noise is stationary, which is typical for recordings of a few seconds in length. This procedure differs from the usual notch-filtering techniques because the sinusoidal noise is canceled without notching the signal spectrum.Since the method requires that the line frequency be accurately known, the algorithm can automatically search the trace spectrum to find the exact sinusoidal frequency value needed for filter design. The algorithm is highly automated and requires no input parameters when the interference comes from power lines or generators.We use model and field data to quantify the algorithm's performance.
High-brightness liquid-metal-jet-anode electron-impact hard x-ray source (2004)

Hard x-ray (multi keV) synchrotron sources with high brightness have enabled novel and important imaging techniques, from x-ray microscopy to medical imaging with improved and new contrast. Unfortunately the brightness of conventional compact hard x-ray sources has not improved significantly since the invention of the rotating anode, making it difficult to envision compact systems for these new imaging modalities based on present sources. In this paper we describe a novel compact electron-impact hard x-ray source with potential for much higher brightness than present state-of-the-art rotating-anode sources. The source can enable improved resolution and contrast in medical imaging and non-destructive evaluation, and has applicability for compact hard x-ray microscopy and certain diffraction applications. For electron-impact sources the brightness is proportional to the electron-beam power density at the anode. Present rotating-anode and micro-focus technology show little potential for further improvement due to intrinsic thermal limitations. We have introduced a new anode concept, the liquid-metal jet. Calculations show that this new anode allows a 100-1000× increase in source brightness compared to today’s compact hard x-ray sources 1 , 2 . We presently operate it with a 20-50-µm diameter liquid-tin jet at ~70 m/s with a 50 kV, 600 W electron beam focused to 40-50 µm FWHM. The resulting electron-beam power density is 200-400 kW/mm 2 , which is approx 10× higher than on present sources. The emitted spectrum exhibits two tin emission peaks around 25 keV and a broad bremsstrahlung background. Conventional absorption imaging shows excellent spatial resolution (tens of microns). Furthermore, the small source allows phase imaging for improved contrast. Initial results compare well with theoretical modelling. This paper will describe the source system properties as well as show early highresolution imaging results, with and without phase effects. We will also discuss the source’s extension to lower (10 keV) and higher (>50 keV) energies. Finally, we will elaborate on the new source’s applicability for hard x-ray microscopy and medical imaging.
Development of Hollow Ingot for Large Forging (1980)

A new method to make hollow ingots was developed to produce cylindertype forgings economically. The key-point of this method is the structure of the core which, consisting mainly of outer and inner steel pipes and intermediate special refractory, can readily be constructed, set in the mold and pulled out from the ingot, and which enables to control the cooling from inner surface of the ingot, without such defects as inner-side cracks.Large hollow ingots up to 140 ton can be made by this method with less segregation than that of conventional ingots and with such small porosities that close and diminish at forging ratio of about 2. Thus, hollow ingots are utilized as materials for high grade forgings, as pressure vessels, resulting in effective saving of production cost.Compared with conventional ingots, hollow ingots have following characteristics of solidification;(1) Total solidification time is short (2) Minimum solidification rate is high (3) Final solidification is not so rapid (4) Solidification from inner surface is slow.Every feature in the internal quality of hollow ingot can be explained from these characteristics of so-lidification.
Towards optimization of patterned superhydrophobic surfaces (2007)

Experimental and theoretical study of wetting properties of patterned Si surfaces with cylindrical flat-top pillars of various sizes and pitch distances is presented. The values of the contact angle (CA), contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and tilt angle (TA) are measured and compared with the theoretical values. Transition from the composite solid-liquid-air to the homogeneous solid-liquid interface is investigated. It is found that the wetting behaviour of a patterned hydrophobic surface depends upon a simple non-dimensional parameter, the spacing factor, equal to the pillar diameter divided by the pitch. The spacing factor controls the CA, CAH and TA in the composite interface regime, as well as destabilization and transition to the homogeneous interface. We show that the assumption that the CAH is a consequence of the adhesion hysteresis and surface roughness leads to the theoretical values of the CAH that are in a reasonably good agreement with the experimental values. By decreasing the spacing factor, the values of CA=170 degrees, CAH=5 degrees and TA=3 degrees are achieved. However, with further decreasing of the spacing factor, the composite interface destabilizes.
[Combined anti-androgen treatment in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: first use of a new therapeutically efficacious principle in hormone-dependent cancer]. (1986)

Since the first observation reported by Huggins et al. in 1941, hormonal treatment of advanced prostatic cancer has been directed primarily at neutralizing testicular androgens by orchiectomy or estrogen therapy. These two approaches yielded a 60 to 80% positive response rate in the many studies carried out over the last forty years. However, responses were short-lived and the disease recurred rapidly in nearly every case. A possible reason for these limited results may well be related to the fact that a unique characteristic of man as compared to other species is a high level of secretion of adrenal steroids that act as precursors and are converted into androgens within the prostatic tissue itself. Complete neutralization of both testicular and adrenal androgens is therefore mandatory to achieve total suppression of the influence of androgens on the carcinoma. To accomplish this goal, we have used a combination of an LHRH agonist (or orchiectomy) and a pure antiandrogen in fifty-two previously untreated patients with prostatic carcinoma and bone metastases (stage D2). Average duration of treatment was eighteen months (six to thirty-two months). An objective positive response assessed according to the criteria set forward by the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP) was recorded during the first treatment months in every case, a significant improvement over the 60 to 80% positive response rate following previous treatments confined to neutralization of testicular androgens by orchiectomy or estrogens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of an L-Band Ferroelectric Phase Shifter (2011)

Effective operation of the RF cavities in the superconducting accelerators demands fast, high-power RF vector modulators. Recent progress in development of the new materials, ferroelectrics, having tunable dielectric constant and acceptable l osses [*] gives the possibility development of such devises. In previous papers [**-***] the authors described different L-band ferroelectric phase shifter designs . At low RF level high operation speed of 2 degree/nsec was demonstrated in waveguide phase shifter. However, the experiments show that a special technology is to be developed that provides a good electric contact between ceramics and the metallic wall. In present paper a new design of the fast highpower ferroelectric phase shifter is described based on the simple ferroelectric elements.
Anti-S1 MERS-COV IgY Specific Antibodies Decreases Lung Inflammation and Viral Antigen Positive Cells in the Human Transgenic Mouse Model (2020)

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in 2012 and causes severe and often fatal acute respiratory illness in humans. No approved prophylactic and therapeutic interventions are currently available. In this study, we have developed egg yolk antibodies (immunoglobulin Y (IgY)) specific for MERS-CoV spike protein (S1) in order to evaluate their neutralizing efficiency against MERS-CoV infection. S1-specific immunoglobulins were produced by injecting chickens with purified recombinant S1 protein of MERS-CoV at a high titer (5.7 mg/mL egg yolk) at week 7 post immunization. Western blotting and immune-dot blot assays demonstrated that the IgY antibody specifically bound to the MERS-CoV S1 protein. Anti-S1 antibodies were also able to recognize MERS-COV inside cells, as demonstrated by an immunofluorescence assay. Plaque reduction and microneutralization assays showed the neutralization of MERS-COV in Vero cells by anti-S1 IgY antibodies and non-significantly reduced virus titers in the lungs of MERS-CoV-infected mice during early infection, with a nonsignificant decrease in weight loss. However, a statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.0196) quantitative reduction in viral antigen expression and marked reduction in inflammation were observed in lung tissue. Collectively, our data suggest that the anti-MERS-CoV S1 IgY could serve as a potential candidate for the passive treatment of MERS-CoV infection.
New Polyimide Has Many Uses (1991)

Low-toxicity and low-mutogenicity monomer key to new high-performance polyimide. LaRC-IA is thermoplastic polyimide made from 3-4'-oxydianiline and 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride. Good processing characteristics, low toxicity, and no mutagenicity. Adhesives, composite matrix resins, heat resin moldings, and coating films made of new polymer found to exhibit properties identical or superior to commercially available polyimides. Potential applications wide ranging. With and without end capping, employed to prepare unfilled moldings, coatings and free films, adhesive tape, adhesively bonded substrates, prepregs, and composites.
MINIMIZING EXCITATION LIGHT LEAKAGE AND MAXIMIZING MEASUREMENT SENSITIVITY FOR MOLECULAR IMAGING WITH NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE (2011)

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging involves the separation of weak fluorescence signals from backscattered excitation light. The measurement sensitivity of current NIRF imaging systems is limited by the excitation light leakage through rejection filters. In this contribution, the authors demonstrate that the excitation light leakage can be suppressed upon using appropriate filter combination and permutations. The excitation light leakage and measurement sensitivity were assessed and compared in this study by computing the transmission ratios of excitation to emission light collected and the signal-to-noise ratios in well-controlled phantom studies with different filter combinations and permutations. Using appropriate filter combinations and permutations, we observe as much as two orders of magnitude reduction in the transmission ratio and higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Ion-implanted low-barrier PtSi Schottky-barrier diodes (1980)

An ion-implanted, shallow n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer has been used for lowering the barrier height of PtSi-n-Si Schottky diodes. Barrier height reductions up to 200 mV have been achieved with little degradation of the diode's reverse-current characteristics. During silicide formation, the implanted ions are "pushed" ahead of the PtSi-Si reaction zone and pile up at the silicide-silicon interface, resulting in more barrier lowering than would be expected from the ion-implant dose. A model including the impurity pileup is presented and calculations based on the model are shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental measurements.
Multispectral optical frequency comb based on microresonator Faraday instability (2017)

We demonstrate a new type of microresonator frequency comb where the momentum conservation law is fulfilled by azimuthal modulation of the waveguide dispersion. The concept expands the parametric range in which Kerr comb is obtained.
Reflective Color Displays for Imaging Applications (1995)

Electronic displays for the rendering of full-color images have to date relied solely on self-luminous display configurations. While self-luminous displays have evolved into effective devices for color imaging, they require relatively large amounts of power and, in general, do not respond naturally to changes in ambient illumination. These attributes place limiting constraints on future applications for self-luminous color displays, particularly in light of current trends toward mobile computing and the proliferation of color in hardcopy document imaging. Clearly, a low-power reflective color display technology is needed to broadly satisfy the needs of both mobile computing and electronic color imaging. Previous approaches to achieve a reflective color display have generally produced unsatisfactory results, typically yielding displays with a restricted set of primary colors and low luminance. In this contribution we determine the visual parameters required for effective, full color reflective displays. We analytically examine a number of contemporary liquid crystal technologies and associated optical configurations which hold promise for achieving reflective color displays. We conclude that reflective displays based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) and polymer-stabilized cholesteric texture liquid crystals (PSCT) are the most viable color-capable reflective technologies to date. A new type of PDLC offering highly selective and efficient spectral reflectance via Bragg reflection is described, and we show such materials can be configured as a full-color reflective display and optimized for color imaging applications.
Automatic extraction of interdental gingiva regions for accurate statistical shape from shading-based reconstruction of human jaw (2018)

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of visible part of the human jaw is becoming required for many of diagnostics and treatment procedures. In our previous work [1], we proposed a novel approach for 3D reconstruction of human jaw using Statistical Shape from Shading (SSFS). The input of this approach has to be a single optical image of the jaw augmented manually with several requirements; anatomical landmark points, jaw status and the number of teeth per jaw. In this paper, we boost our SSFS framework by proposing a novel approach to automatically extract these prior information. This two-step framework consists of: Interdental gingiva's regions extraction for each individual tooth and detects the centerline across the jaw span. These two steps help us to extract the anatomical landmark points and detect the status of the jaw. Experimental results highlight the accuracy of the extracted prior information and how this information boosts recovering 3D models of the human jaw.
<title>Using an optical sensor to quantify the amount of oil, water, and gas in a water-continuous flow</title> (1999)

In the petroleum industry, the fluid produced from underground reservoirs can be a mixture of crude oil, water and gas. Knowing their volume fractions and flow rates at each point of entry along the well are essential for optimizing the production. An optical probe system has been developed to achieve these goals. It uses a laser- or LED- beam directed to the tip of a tiny optical probe situated in the flow stream. By measuring the reflection from the probe tip, gas can be distinguished from liquid due to their large difference in refractive index. In addition, fluorescent characteristics of crude oils are used to distinguish oil from non-oil. By integrating the time fraction of individual events in reflection and fluorescence respectively, the volume fraction of the three phases can be determined. In addition, the leading edge of the fluorescence signal is used to determine the speed of the oil drops, which, combined with the volume fraction of oil, gives the oil flow rate. The system requires no calibration for the volume fraction measurement; however, a simple calibration is needed for determining the oil drop speed. This article shows the apparatus of the probe system, response of different probe designs and data from lab experiments.
3D Point Cloud Learning for Large-scale Environment Analysis and Place Recognition. (2018)

Point cloud based place recognition is still an open issue due to the difficulty in extracting local features from the raw 3D point cloud and generating the global descriptor, and it's even harder in the large-scale dynamic environments. In this paper, we develop a novel deep neural network, named LPD-Net (Large-scale Place Description Network), which can extract discriminative and generalizable global descriptors from the raw 3D point cloud. Two modules, the adaptive local feature extraction module and the graph-based neighborhood aggregation module, are proposed, which contribute to extract the local structures and reveal the spatial distribution of local features in the large-scale point cloud, with an end-to-end manner. We implement the proposed global descriptor in solving point cloud based retrieval tasks to achieve the large-scale place recognition. Comparison results show that our LPD-Net is much better than PointNetVLAD and reaches the state-of-the-art. We also compare our LPD-Net with the vision-based solutions to show the robustness of our approach to different weather and light conditions.