gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Steam-Augmented Gas Turbine With Reheat Combustor for Surface Ships (1997)

The steam-augmented gas turbine (SAGT) differs from commercial steam-injected gas turbines where steam flow may be considerably less than 15% of air flow. SAGT combustors may operate near stoichiometric combustion conditions with steam flow as high as 50% of air flow, thus achieving specific powers exceeding 555 hp-sec/lb. A previous simulation study of the steam-augmented gas turbine, which did not include compressor and turbine maps, examined the applicability of the concept in the Navy’s DDG-51-class ship environment. In this re-examination, component maps were employed to establish credible off-design engine performance, and to confirm estimates of overall ship fuel requirements based solely on anticipated component efficiencies. Also, the present simulation employs a heat-exchanger sub-program fully integrated into the main software program. The re-examination has led to several revisions and refinements of previous conclusions, which are discussed in the text. The SAGT engine concept described herein, dispenses with intercoolers, but adds a low-pressure reheat combustor. The low-pressure combustor flame temperature exceeds 2700° F, which analyses show to be stable. Exhaust gas temperatures are not permitted to fall below 450° F, and the heat recovery steam generator is designed to hold feedwater temperatures close to 300° F to avoid the gas-side acid dewpoint. At the most efficient operating points, the efficiency of this new reheat SAGT engine exceeds 44.5% with a 2200° F turbine inlet temperature, at an ambient 100°-F temperature. Moreover, it exhibits a 23% reduction in overall system volume. Simulation data show that the maximum efficiency of the SAGT engine peaks at engine powers required for cruising speeds, in contrast to the efficiency of the LM2500, which peaks at full-throttle. Since Navy ships operate near cruise conditions for the majority of their mission time, a SAGT plant uses 29% less fuel than the baseline LM2500 plant. Moreover, employing conservative cost estimates, the SAGT plant is quite competitive on a first-acquisition cost basis with gas turbines currently in the fleet.
New applications of laser beam micro welding (2001)

Within the last years laser beam welding has been extended to welding of micro parts. The trend of miniaturization is still ongoing and strengthened this development. This contribution will give an overview of the new application of laser beam welding in watch industry and electronics industry. The combination of dissimilar materials like brass and stainless steel is often needed in watch movements due to tribologic aspects. Here laser beam micro welding offers an alternative to conventional joining techniques like press fit. Since watch components are very small the locally limited heat input of the laser beam offers the possibility of decreasing the weld seam width below 200 µm. The use of shielding gas prevents from oxidation of the surface. Using the pulse forming capability of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser source the depth and the width of the weld seam as well as the surface quality can be influenced. Several watch components could be joined by means of laser beam micro welding. The width of the seam could be reduced to 100-200µm. The joining geometries of an axis/wheel combination are in the range of 100µm to 1mm diameter of the axis and about 200µm wheel thickness. The work to be presented has been funded by the European Commission in a project under the contract BRPR-CT-0634.
Entanglement enabled telescopic arrays in the presence of decoherence (2017)

We consider quantum enhancement of direct-detection interferometric measurements to increase telescope resolution. We propose a protocol of measuring interferometric visibility function using imperfectly entangled states shared between remote telescopes. We show how errors in visibility measurement, and in turn, errors in intensity distribution of a distant object depend on the degree of entanglement of the shared quantum resource. We determine that these errors are sufficiently small over a wide range of resource states which makes our technique feasible in practical environments.
Abstract #LB-156: A survivin molecular mimic peptide vaccine against human glioma (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Objectives: Survivin is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) that has significant potential for use as a cancer vaccine target. We have developed a modified survivin peptide epitope (SVN53-67/M57) which contains an amino acid alteration that improves MHC I binding properties so that this particular peptide is more effective at eliciting CTL responses against survivin-expressing glioma and human CNS lymphoma cells. This modified epitope or \#8220;peptide mimic\#8221; of survivin is thus similar, but not identical to the wild type molecule (SVN53-67). Therefore, the mimic may break tolerance by stimulating T cell clones that recognize survivin, but which have not been deleted during establishment of self-identity, because of their reduced affinity for wild type antigen. Methodology & Results: In vitro binding assays show that there is a greater than 70 fold increase in binding affinity for the SVN53-67/M57 mimic peptide versus SVN53-67 wild type epitopes. Mice that have been vaccinated with the SVN53-67/M57 peptide mimic develop specific CD8+ T cells to SVN epitopes as detected utilizing peptide loaded H-2Kb:Ig fusion protein. This vaccine produced CTL responses and helper T cell-associated cytokine production, resulting in a significant prolongation of survival in mice with GL261 cerebral gliomas (>200% increased median survival time). This indicates the retention of immunogenic properties after alteration of the wild type peptide SVN53-67 into SVN53-67/M57. The mouse MHC class I is capable of binding both SVN53-67 andSVN53-67/M57 forms equally well while human MHC I would preferentially bind the SVN53-67/M57 mimic. We have performed ex vivo cytotoxicity assays using PBMC-derived CTL from patients whose DC are primed to survivin. These CTL were tested against autologous and allogeneic HLA-matched gliomas. Our results indicate that target cells were lysed more effectively by CTL stimulated by SVN53-67/M57 mimic-loaded DC. The mimic peptide also stimulated cytokine support. Additional data show the presence of spontaneous anti-survivin antibodies in patient serum prior to SVN53-67/M57 exposureleading to the possibility that the SVN mimic vaccine could be redirecting pre-existing humoral immunity towards cellular immunity. Conclusions: The SVN53-67/M57 vaccine was significantly more effective than the smaller SVN57-64/M57 core CTL epitope as a cancer vaccine, emphasizing the potential benefit of incorporating multiple class I epitopes and class II-associated cytokine support within a single peptide.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-156.
Economic and clinical effects of evaluating rapid viral response to peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for the initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C (2003)

Assessment of 12-wk viral response in genotype 1, hepatitis C infected patients should reduce peginterferon plus ribavirin morbidity and costs and improve its cost-effectiveness; however, for genotype 2 and 3, hepatitis C infected patients, 12-wk testing and 24-wk treatment have similar outcomes. Decisions regarding continuation of antiviral treatment should also consider the variability in the accuracy of quantitative viral assays as well as patient preferences and other potential benefits of the same treatments.
Processing and Properties of Biobased Blends from Soy Meal and Natural Rubber (2007)

Abstract Vulcanized blends from soy meal and natural rubber were successfully processed through semi‐pilot scale extrusion, roll milling and compression‐molding. Blends containing about 50 wt.‐% of soy meal are elastic and water resistant, compared with the brittle and hydrophilic soy meal. The natural rubber component was well embedded into the soy meal matrix, indicating the existence of an interaction between them. The glass transition temperature of the rubber component in the blends increased due to the existence of this interaction. Calcium sulfate, as a compatibilizer, was a physical cross‐linker to the proteins in the soy meal and in the rubber. The morphological analysis of the soy meal and natural rubber blend through scanning electron microscopy revealed a partial compatibility of the blend. The blends containing near 50 wt.‐% of inexpensive soy meal have potential for various applications. magnified image
Evaporative crystallization of anhydrous sodium carbonate at atmospheric conditions (2001)

Abstract A new process for the production of superdense anhydrous soda ash uses a mixture of water and a high‐boiling second solvent to lower the transition point at which anhydrous (Na 2 CO 3 ) and monohydrous sodium (Na 2 CO 3 ·H 2 O) carbonate are in equilibrium to below the atmospheric boiling point. The stable conditions for anhydrate were first established by measuring the water activity in saturated mixtures of water and ethylene glycol. With the results, fed‐batch evaporative crystallization experiments were carried out. Both the water activity and the crystallization measurements showed that anhydrous soda was stable in boiling mixtures containing more than 22.5 wt. % ethylene glycol (on a salt‐free basis). A subsequent continuous evaporative crystallization experiment produced anhydrous soda ash with a bulk density of 1,550 kg/m 3 , which is substantially higher than that of any other atmospherically crystallized soda.
Stripline dual-mode ring resonators and their application to microwave devices (1996)

This paper describes the fundamental properties of two orthogonal resonant modes within stripline ring resonators and their application to microwave devices. There are two principal methods for application of ring resonators, the first is by using two-port devices and the second four-port devices, in the case of two-port configurations, dual-mode filters using coupling between two degenerate modes have been studied as typical applications. In this paper, new methods for the coupling of two modes and their applications to practical devices, are proposed, and then experimental results for proof of the new structures are presented. Four-port configurations, which make use of two resonant modes as being independent or having no coupling between them, have a wider range of application to microwave devices. Microwave circuits such as tuned amplifiers and oscillators with novel structures are proposed, and their excellent characteristics are demonstrated. The experimental results obtained in this study on two and four-port devices make it clear that dual-mode ring resonators have great potential for application to various microwave devices.
The application of silicon-on-silicon MCMs to advanced analog power controllers (2002)

A mixed signal power controller is implemented in a silicon-on-silicon MCM. The application is space limited, in which a discrete component implementation is physically large and costly. A large number of passive components (resistors and capacitors) are integrated into a silicon substrate with flip-chip analog ICs. Operational characteristics of the controller are verified after integration and are compared to the discrete version. High voltage isolation requirements and interference and noise issues are studied to determine the most critical portions of the MCM layout and design.
Modified ordered subsets scheme for attenuation weighted reconstruction (2009)

Methods of selecting subsets for attenuation weighed algorithms were investigated in order to reduce observed artifacts. Artifacts are observed primarily in the transaxial view of the images using the typically used subset selection scheme. By changing the subset selection scheme, the artifacts were determined to originate from the attenuation weighting of the data across the angular range of the data. By clustering subset projections, the measured data used in an image update are similarly attenuated for any given image point. Such subset selection improves the image quality in objects with high activity regions that are located toward the edges of the object. Preliminary results show that the new subset scheme produces less distorted images with fewer artifacts.
Some Practical Issues on Real-Time Reservoir Model Updating Using Ensemble Kalman Filter (2005)

Abstract The concept of 'closed-loop' reservoir management is currently receiving considerable attention in the petroleum industry. A 'real-time' or 'continuous' reservoir model updating technique is a critical component for the feasible application of any closed-loop reservoir management process. This technique should be able to rapidly and continuously update reservoir models assimilating the up-to-date measured production data so that the performance predictions and the associated uncertainty are up-to-date for optimization calculations. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method has been shown to be quite efficient for this purpose in large-scale non-linear systems. Previous studies show that a relatively large ensemble size is required for EnKF to reliably assess the uncertainty and a conforming step is recommended to ensure the consistency between the updated static and dynamic variables. In this paper, we further explore the capability of EnKF focusing on practical application issues including the correction of the linear assumption during Kalman updating with iteration, the reduction of ensemble size with a simple uniform re-sampling scheme, and the impact of assimilation time interval. Results from this paper demonstrate that the predictive capability of the updated models can be considerably improved when iteration is used within the EnKF updating. The use of iteration reduces the impact of nonlinearity and non-Gaussianity. However, iteration is required only when predictions are very different from the observed data. We also show that a simple uniform re-sampling scheme can significantly reduce the ensemble size necessary for reliable assessment of uncertainty, in addition to improving accuracy compared to the traditional random sampling method. Finally, we show that the non-iterative EnKF is sensitive to the size of time interval between the assimilation steps. Using the iterative EnKF, results are more stable and more accurate reservoir models and predictions can be obtained even when a large time interval is used during the assimilation. This indicates again that iteration within the EnKF updating serves as a process that corrects the non-linear and non-Gaussian behaviors.
Antagonizing <scp>microRNA</scp> ‐19a/b augments <scp>PTH</scp> anabolic action and restores bone mass in osteoporosis in mice (2022)

Postmenopausal bone loss often leads to osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone mass can be increased by the first 34 amino acids of human parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), or by a monoclonal antibody against sclerostin (Scl-Ab). Here, we show that PTH and Scl-Ab reduce the expression of microRNA-19a and microRNA-19b (miR-19a/b) in bone. In bones from patients with lower bone mass and from osteoporotic mice, miR-19a/b expression is elevated, suggesting an inhibitory function in bone remodeling. Indeed, antagonizing miR-19a/b in vivo increased bone mass without overt cytotoxic effects. We identified TG-interacting factor 1 (Tgif1) as the target of miR-19a/b in osteoblasts and essential for the increase in bone mass following miR-19a/b inhibition. Furthermore, antagonizing miR-19a/b augments the gain in bone mass by PTH and restores bone loss in mouse models of osteoporosis in a dual mode of action by supporting bone formation and decreasing receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent bone resorption. Thus, this study identifies novel mechanisms regulating bone remodeling, which opens opportunities for new therapeutic concepts to treat bone fragility.
Thin film-coated waveguide CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;laser (1986)

A new type of radio frequency (RF) excited waveguide laser with a rectangular cross section is proposed which is composed of two dielectric or lossy materials and two metallic electrodes which are coated by a thin film with small absorptions. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the maximum output powers of the new waveguide laser are much larger than those of conventional ones.
An engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cost-effective lignocellulosic bioethanol production: process performance and physiological insights (2015)

The success in the commercialization of lignocellulosic bioethanol relies on the development of microorganisms with efficient hexose and pentose fermentation and tolerance towards inhibitory by-products (acetic acid, furan aldehydes and phenolics) generated during biomass processing. Traditionally, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred microorganism for industrial ethanol production. Many years of research and development have been conducted to develop S. cerevisiae strains suitable for fermenting lignocellulosic-based streams. S. cerevisiae is robust and ferment glucose efficiently, but it has been proved to be difficult to genetically modify for efficient xylose fermentation. In this work, a xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain was subjected to evolutionary engineering, boosting its robustness and xylose fermentation capacity. The evolved strain was able to ferment a non-diluted enzymatic hydrolysate (representing 23% (w/w) dry matter of steam-exploded wheat straw), reaching ethanol titers higher than 5% (w/w) after 48 h. Within the first 24 h, glucose and xylose were co-consumed with rates of 3.1 and 0.7 g/L h, respectively, and converted to ethanol with yields corresponding to 93% of the theoretical. In addition, once glucose was depleted, xylose was consumed with a similar rate until reducing 70% of its initial concentration (36 h after inoculation). Besides investigating the fermentation parameters, the differences in gene expression levels and enzymatic activities of xylose-assimilating pathway were analyzed. These analyses will be the foundation for understanding the improved phenotype and the physiological mechanisms for efficient xylose fermentation, after which potential targets for subsequent metabolic engineering may be identified.
Cholesterol reduction from milk using β-cyclodextrin immobilized on glass (2013)

β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) was converted into β-CD-undecenyl ether by chemical modification and subsequently covalently attached to a glass surface. The functionalized glass surface was characterized by static water contact angle and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both techniques confirmed that an excellent monolayer of β-CD was formed on the glass surface. The β-CD solid surface was used to reduce cholesterol levels in milk. In 4h, 73.6% of the cholesterol was extracted at 25°C with shaking at 170rpm. This is the highest value ever reported for milk using β-CD immobilized on a solid surface. The same surface was repeatedly used for 10 cycles and maintained its efficiency with 72±2% cholesterol reduction observed in all the cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis completed after 5 and 10 cycles of cholesterol reduction showed that the β-CD on the glass surface was not degraded. The high efficiency and long-term stability of the functional monolayer was attributed to the specific structure of β-CD, which is composed of a relatively low number of functional groups and long spacer chain lengths that provide great flexibility.
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been determined. The HN gene is 2031 nucleotides long, approximately 13.5% of the viral genome. The nucleotide sequence contains a single long open reading frame which would encode a protein of 577 amino acids, with a mol. wt. of 63,149. This is in good agreement with estimates of the molecular weight of the unglycosylated HN protein. Analysis of the amino acid sequence reveals six potential glycosylation sites and shows the major hydrophobic region to be close to the N terminus. This provides evidence for the N-terminal attachment of HN to the viral membrane. The hydrophilic nature of the extreme N-terminal amino acids suggests the absence of a cleaved signal sequence. Analysis of the long non-coding region at the 3' end of the mRNA encoded by the HN gene of NDV suggests a possible explanation for the origin of HN0 in extremely avirulent strains of NDV. There are regions of high homology between the deduced amino acid sequence of the NDV HN glycoprotein and the HN glycoproteins of two other paramyxoviruses, Sendai virus and simian virus 5 (SV5). An alignment of the HN amino acid sequences of these viruses shows 32% of amino acid residues are conserved between NDV and SV5, and 23% between NDV and Sendai virus. In contrast, only very limited homology is found between NDV HN and the influenza virus glycoproteins.
Safety Monitoring of Air Brake Systems on Board Commercial Vehicles (1996)

Research is leading to development of an on-board, intelligent air brake warning device (IBWD) for commercial vehicles equipped with such brakes. Recent statistics show that a disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are operating with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained. Air brake systems on multiaxle vehicles are particularly sensitive to brake adjustment and provide poor feedback of deteriorating performance to drivers. Currently, the only active warning is for low air pressure; drivers receive no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Recent improvements, including automatic slack adjusters and antilock brake systems, are not sufficient to ensure adequacy of brakes. IBWD performs an on-board, real-time assessment of vehicle brake performance through measurement of a relatively small number of parameters. It gives drivers adequate time for corrective action and provides maintenance personnel and authorities with valuable information for improved servicing and inspection activities. In addition to the safety benefits, IBWD will enhance commercial vehicle productivity by reducing unnecessary delays at inspection points and by boosting overall acceptance of other intelligent transportation system technologies. A discussion of IBWD design philosophy and methodology is presented. The measurable parameters of interest are discussed, along with how they will be monitored. Analysis and modeling of empirical data collected from an extensive full-scale vehicle test program are presented, along with techniques for deriving a brake assessment algorithm.
Gradual Synchronization (2016)

System-on-Chip (SoC) designs using multiple clock domains are gaining importance due to clock distribution difficulties and increasing in-die process variations. For the same reasons more emerging SoC designs utilize clock-less domains for parts of the system. Both clock domain crossing and clocked/clockless domain crossing require a mechanism for inter-domain data transfer that re-synchronizes data to the clock domain of the receiver and avoids metastability. These synchronizers introduce added latency and reduce throughput. This paper proposes merging synchronization with computation in order to reduce latency while keeping throughput high. The method, called Gradual Synchronization (GSync), can reduce synchronization latency at maximum operating frequency by up to 37 percent, with even greater benefit at slower frequencies. We show the benefits of this approach in the scenario of an asynchronous NoC with synchronous end-points.