gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis: Feedstock Decomposition Limited Growth (2008)

We report on the lowest temperature of SWCNT growth using endothermic decomposition of CH4 gas on a specially activated alumina-supported Fe:Mo catalyst. However, the observed lowest growth temperature (560 degrees C) is higher than that reported previously for exothermic feedstock type. Our observation indicates that the decomposition threshold temperature of the feedstock limits the SWCNT growth. This study also suggests that, by using more active carbon feedstock or somehow facilitating its decomposition, one could enable the synthesis of SWCNT at an even lower temperature.
New Control of PV Solar Farm as STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) for Increasing Grid Power Transmission Limits During Night and Day (2014)

This paper presents a novel concept of utilizing a photovoltaic (PV) solar farm inverter as STATCOM, called PV-STATCOM, for improving stable power transfer limits of the interconnected transmission system. The entire inverter rating of the PV solar farm, which remains dormant during nighttime, is utilized with voltage and damping controls to enhance stable power transmission limits. During daytime, the inverter capacity left after real power production is used to accomplish the aforementioned objective. Transient stability studies are conducted on a realistic single machine infinite bus power system having a midpoint located PV-STATCOM using EMTDC/PSCAD simulation software. The PV-STATCOM improves the stable transmission limits substantially in the night and in the day even while generating large amounts of real power. Power transfer increases are also demonstrated in the same power system for: 1) two solar farms operating as PV-STATCOMs and 2) a solar farm as PV-STATCOM and an inverter-based wind farm with similar STATCOM controls. This novel utilization of a PV solar farm asset can thus improve power transmission limits which would have otherwise required expensive additional equipment, such as series/shunt capacitors or separate flexible ac transmission system controllers.
Waste Catalyst Utilization: Extraction of Valuable Metals from Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts by Ultrasonic-Assisted Leaching with Acids (2011)

Every year large quantities of spent hydroprocessing catalysts containing high concentrations of metals such as Mo, V, Ni, and Co are discarded as solid wastes from the petroleum refining industries. The metals present in the spent catalysts can be leached by water and pollute the environment. As these catalysts are hazardous wastes, landfills or other treatment methods for disposal are not preferable when all costs and liabilities are taken into account. Intensive efforts have been made in recent years on the development of processes for recycling and utilization of the waste catalyst materials as much as possible. Recovery of the valuable metals from the spent catalysts is an attractive option for their recycling and utilization. In the present work, the influence of ultrasonic agitation in enhancing the extraction of valuable metals such as Mo, V, and Ni from spent hydroprocessing catalysts by acid leaching was investigated. Two acids, one inorganic (H2SO4) and the other organic (citric acid), were used in the study. Citric acid was more active than H2SO4 for leaching metals from the spent catalyst. A comparison of the effectiveness of ultrasonic agitation and conventional mechanical stirring in the acid-leaching experiments conducted in the present study clearly demonstrated that ultrasonic vibration was more effective for the extraction of metals present in the spent catalyst. The leaching rate was enhanced by ultrasound, and large percentages (>95%) of all valuable metals (Mo, V, and Ni) present in the spent catalyst were extracted in a short time at a relatively low temperature (e.g., 60 °C) by combined use of citric acid and ultrasound.
High-stability bimorph scanning tunneling microscope (1987)

A novel scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is described which is constructed almost entirely of aluminum and uses bimorph piezoelectric disks as the x,y,z drive elements. The design uses a simple, rugged tripod configuration for the fine motion drive arms. Coarse motion of the sample, which is mounted on an aluminum holder, is achieved by pushing or pulling, with a piezoelectric louse. Differential thermal expansion effects are avoided by design, to first order, and the resulting drift is ≤0.5 Å/min after only a short warm-up period. It is easy to build and operate, and has good immunity to mechanical vibrations. The frequency response is flat to 5 kHz. The x,y,z drive sensitivity is 8 Å/V and the range is ≥12000 Å. Some preliminary experimental results are presented, including atomic resolution images in air, of graphite and NbSe2.
Selective PPAR Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by increased plasma glucose and insulin as well as dyslipidemia. If left untreated, chronic diseases will develop that are associated with neuropathic damage and higher mortality risk. Using a rational drug design, novel compounds have been developed that selectively activate the human PPAR receptors, leading to lessening of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia as well as reduction of lipid levels in conjunction with an increase of the beneficial HDL-cholesterol. These PPAR agonists showed increased potency and efficacy compared to previously marketed insulin sensitizers. Lead compounds with desirable pharmacokinetic properties were chosen for further testing in several animal models. The in vivo activity of some synthetic ligands, capable of activating two or all three members of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) family of receptors, suggested that they may have improved efficacy in type 2 diabetes therapy. Here, we briefly summarize the development of some novel PPAR agonists identified by our group in recent years.
Progress towards compact broadly tunable laser modules for high-resolution mid-IR spectroscopy and commercial applications (2012)

Many gas-phase sensing applications involve detection of multiple molecules with rotationallyresolved spectra. The benefits of using mid-infrared (3 - 20 μm) radiation for detection are clear: strong, characteristic absorption features across regions with varying degrees of overlap can be exploited for multi-component detection. Quantum cascade lasers now provide CW radiation throughout the mid-infrared, but there are no commercial lasers available that meet the combined requirements of small size, low power consumption, and continuous broad tuning. Recent progress in realizing these modules is discussed, along with commercial applications enabled by the technology.
Properties of Ce:LiSrAlF 6 and Ce:LiCaAlF 6 ultraviolet lasers (1994)

The ultraviolet laser properties of LiSrAlF<SUB>6</SUB> doped with trivalent cerium (Ce:LiSAF) and LiCaAlF<SUB>6</SUB> (Ce:LiCAF) are reported. The polarized absorption, emission and excited state absorption cross sections for both Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF were determined for the 266 nm pump and 290 nm laser emission wavelengths. The single exponential emission lifetime was measured to be 28 +/- 2 and 25 +/- 2 ns for Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF, respectively. The gain was found to be highest when the probe was polarized parallel to the optic axis of the crystal due to the anisotropic nature of the excited state absorption. The excited state absorption is ascribed to a transition from the 5d orbital of Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> to the conduction band of the host. Laser slope efficiencies of up to 29% and 21% were measured for Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF when the 266 nm pulsed pump beam was polarized parallel to the optic or c- axis. These are the highest laser slope efficiencies yet observed for any known solid-state ultraviolet laser material. When the pump beam was polarized perpendicular to the optic axis of the crystals, the gain and laser efficiencies dropped by up to an order of magnitude. The magnitude of pump-induced solarization was found to be highly variable for different crystals, and to have insignificant impact on the laser performance when favorable crystals were utilized.
Micro-optical resonators and applications in optoelectronic oscillator (2004)

Whispering gallery mode resonators are attractive elements for photonics applications, since they offer extremely high quality factors (as high as 1010) with a small size. We have applied microresonators in the realization of a high performance, and small size optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). Specifically, we have studied the use of microspherical resonators as the optical delay element in the optoelectronic feedback loop of the OEO, and a highly efficient lithium niobate modulator based on a micro-resonator.
Improved Risk Stratification in Pediatric Septic Shock Using Both Protein and mRNA Biomarkers. PERSEVERE-XP (2017)

PERSEVERE-XP combines protein and mRNA biomarkers to provide mortality risk stratification with possible clinical utility. PERSEVERE-XP significantly improves on PERSEVERE and suggests a role for TP53-related cellular division, repair, and metabolism in the pathophysiology of septic shock.
New Description of Evolution of Magnetic Phases in Artificial Honeycomb Lattice (2017)

Artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice provides a two-dimensional archetypal system to explore novel phenomena of geometrically frustrated magnets. According to theoretical reports, an artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice is expected to exhibit several phase transitions to unique magnetic states as a function of reducing temperature. Experimental investigations of permalloy artificial honeycomb lattice of connected ultra-small elements, [Formula: see text] 12 nm, reveal a more complicated behavior. First, upon cooling the sample to intermediate temperature, [Formula: see text] 175 K, the system manifests a non-unique state where the long range order co-exists with short-range magnetic charge order and weak spin ice state. Second, at much lower temperature, [Formula: see text] 6 K, the long-range spin solid state exhibits a re-entrant behavior. Both observations are in direct contrast to the present understanding of this system. New theoretical approaches are needed to develop a comprehensive formulation of this two dimensional magnet.
Continuous, graded steady-state muscle work in rats studied by in vivo 31P-NMR (1987)

Theoretical consideration and experimental findings of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies of exercising human muscle suggest that a graded, steady-state work protocol is highly suitable for performance evaluation in health and disease. We describe a similar rat model for repeated 31P-NMR studies that follows many of the 31P-NMR features observed in normal human controls. Calf muscles of rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were indirectly stimulated at four frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz). It was found that 1) several steady states can be briefly maintained in this model; 2) work-induced phosphocreatine (PCr) fall and inorganic phosphate (Pi) rise is stoichiometric; 3) a linear relationship between stimulation rate and Pi/PCr was obtained, with a slope of 2.01 +/- 0.4 (+/- 2SD, n = 15); 4) no significant drop in ATP was observed, allowing the estimation of phosphorylation potential (PP) changes during this range of muscle work (PP at rest was 61,603 +/- 25,100 M-1 and fell to 6,700 +/- 900 M-1 at the end of exercise); and 5) poststimulation recovery was rapid, with a rate of 2.27 +/- 0.5 PCr/Pi U/min. This simple model can be used for prolonged studies of chronic animal muscle disorders.
Effect of voltage sags on adjustable-speed drives: a critical evaluation and an approach to improve performance (1999)

In this paper, a critical evaluation of the effect of voltage sags on adjustable-speed drives (ASDs) is presented. In particular, the DC-link voltage variation under voltage sag and its dependence on source impedance, DC-link inductance and output load is computed. It is shown that, for larger source impedance, the DC-link voltage variation under a voltage sag is also large and increases the susceptibility of an ASD and may result in a nuisance trip. The results from the analysis are plotted in per-unit quantities and serve as a design guide to assess ASD performance for a variety of sags. In order to improve the performance of ASDs, this paper proposes an integrated boost converter approach. This approach provides ride-through to critical ASD load during voltage sags without any additional energy storage device. Upon detection of a voltage sag, the boost converter operates with suitable duty ratio and maintains the DC-link voltage within acceptable limits. This prevents nuisance tripping and facilitates continuous operation of critical ASD load at rated torque. The proposed integrated boost converter does not introduce any additional semiconductors in the series path of the power flow and is low in cost. A commercially available 480 V 22 kVA ASD is modified with the integrated boost converter approach, and details are discussed. Analysis, simulation, and experimental performance of the ride-through approach are presented.
LAYSEE: Learn-as-you-see traffic classifier (2013)

The ability to classify all traffic that traverses a network is a critical aspect of network management. Signature based traffic classifiers are widely used to provide that capability. The state of the art classifiers rely on static, manual, and tedious approach of protocol reverse engineering to obtain signatures. However, the explosion of never-seen-before applications on the internet has resulted in a drastic reduction in the effectiveness of such systems. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel system, called Learn-As-You-SEE (LAYSEE), that aims to provide dynamic, automated, and exhaustive application identification. Our system automatically extracts signatures from network traffic by leveraging the benefits of packet content signature inference techniques and sophisticated behavioral-based analysis. These signatures are used for classifying subsequent traffic.
Physical characteristics of porous cellulose beads as supporting material for immobilized enzymes (1976)

Abstract Cellulose beads prepared in this report have high porosity (75–80%) and evenly distributed pores. The pore size is about 1000 Å. The cellulose beads are physically strong and contain large amounts of reactive groups, making them suitable for use as carriers for immobilized enzymes.
Preparation of Biotinylated <i>Cypridina</i> Luciferase and Its Use in Bioluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay (2007)

Cypridina luciferase, a well-known secretory enzyme involved in the bioluminescence of marine ostracod, is used to monitor gene expression in mammalian cells. Here we report the preparation of biotinylated Cypridina luciferase and its use in bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA). Recombinant Cypridina luciferase was expressed in yeast and successfully purified to near homogeneity. The luciferase was biotinylated with conventional biotinylation reagents, and the biotinylated lysine sites were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The biotinylated luciferase was stable when stored at 4 degrees C. The stability of synthetic S-Cypridina luciferin was significantly improved by adding antioxidants to Tris-HCl buffer. The biotinylated luciferase and S-Cypridina luciferin were used in a model study of the immunoassay for interferon-alpha. The linearity of this immunoassay extended from 7.8 to 500 pg/mL interferon-alpha. Our results show that Cypridina luciferase is a very sensitive and versatile bioluminescent reporter.
Downlink Transmit Power Calibration for Enterprise Femtocells (2011)

Downlink transmit (Tx) power calibration is necessary in femtocell deployments to achieve a good tradeoff between downlink femtocell coverage and interference to other macrocells and femtocells. Developing a practical Tx power calibration scheme that provides excellent performance in different deployment scenarios is challenging. In this paper, we present an enterprise deployment framework that consists of coverage planning and Tx power calibration using technician assistance. The Tx power calibration algorithms presented here use mobile feedback to learn key information such as surrounding RF environment, required coverage range, and interference impact to other cells to adapt to different deployments. Both centralized and distributed Tx power calibration algorithms are evaluated for multi-femto enterprise. It is shown that the distributed algorithm, is simple, efficient and performs very close to the centralized algorithm. Furthermore, over-the-air field tests highlight the practical efficacy of the distributed algorithm in providing excellent femtocell coverage indoors with minimal leakage to outdoors.
High-density cursor: an improved mouse cursor that accelerates target acquisition (2003)

As bigger screens and multi-monitor configurations become more popular, users employ higher mouse accelerations in order to traverse the screen reasonably quickly. The faster the mouse cursor moves, however, the more it seems to jump from one position to the next because it is updated only at the refresh rate of the monitor. This lack of visual continuity increases the risk of users losing track of the cursor. High-density cursor addresses this issue by filling in additional cursor images between actual cursor positions. Unlike existing techniques, such as the Windows mouse trail, the proposed technique preserves the responsiveness of the mouse cursor. In our user study, high-density cursor improved participants&apos; performance for target acquisitions across long distances, often without the conscious awareness of any visual change in the cursor.
(Invited) A Reversible Lithium-Air Battery with Low Charge Polarization using Ether-Based Electrolytes (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Intensity noise of large area vertical cavity surfaceemitting lasers inmultimode optical fibre links (1994)

The authors report the measurement of the relative intensity noise (RIN) of large area vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) in a multimode fibre link. It is found that the RIN of the large area VCSELs under modulation is < −120 dBMz below a frequency ofl GHz and that reflection noise is significantly reduced with modulation.
Control method of tires or semi-finished products in tire production line, involves analyzing respective control signal on surface portion for detecting possible presence of surface flaws (2014)

NOVELTY - The control method involves detecting optical intensity of light radiation, calculating number of values representative equivalent number of components of strokes vector, and generating, for surface portion, a respective control signal representative of each value representative of components of Stokes vector. The respective control signal on surface portion is analyzed for detecting the possible presence of surface flaws. USE - Control method of tires or semi-finished products in tire production line. ADVANTAGE - Controls the quality of the tires or semi-finished products in production process, thus obtaining acceptable times and in a precise and reliable manner, a control of the surface of the tires or semi-finished products in production process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a control apparatus; and (2) a production line. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic block diagram of apparatus for controlling tires. Control apparatus (100) Semi-finished product or Tire (101) Support plane (120) Light source (131) Detection system (140) Processing unit (150)
Experimental Demonstration of Perching by an Articulated Wing MAV (2011)

This paper presents an experimental demonstration of perching by a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) equipped with articulated wings.A novel feature of the MAV considered in this paper is that wing dihedral, controlled independently on both wings, is used for yaw stability and control as well as for maintaining the flight path angle.Yaw stability and control are essential for perching in tightly constrained places.The experiments described in this paper were conducted indoors and flight parameters are measured using the VICON motion capture system.Nomenclature C L , C D coefficients of lift and drag C m,ac coefficient of pitching moment about the aerodynamic center N yawing moment α, β angle of attack, sideslip ψ, θ, φ Euler angles γ flight path angle p, q, r body axis roll, pitch and yaw rates δ L , δ R dihedral angle of left and right wing δ a , δ s asymmetric dihedral angle (δ R = -δ L = -δ a ) and symmetric dihedral angle δ e elevator or horizontal tail deflection
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THEBAINE AND ORIPAVINE FROM CODEINE AND MORPHINE (1976)

Abstract Codein (Ia) liefert über das Kaliumsalz den Methyläther (Ib), der mit Braunstein zum Thebain (II) oxidiert wird.
Demonstration of aflatoxin inhibitory activity in a cotton seed coat xylan (1995)

An inhibitor of aflatoxin biosynthesis localized in the seed coats of developing cotton was partially purified and characterized. Aqueous extracts from 25-day postanthesis seed coat tissue inhibited aflatoxin (B(inf1)) production in liquid cultures of Aspergillus flavus AF13. Inhibition was concentration dependent, with a 50% effective dose of 173 (mu)g of crude extract per ml of medium. The inhibitor was neutral in charge. Two active fractions were obtained from crude preparations by gel filtration chromatography (BioGel P-100). The purest fraction eluted in the void volume. Carbohydrate composition analysis of this void volume inhibitor indicated a composition of xylose (>90%) and mannose. Aflatoxin production in vitro was inversely related to inhibitor concentration in the fermentation medium (log of aflatoxin versus log of [inhibitor]; r(sup2) = 0.82; P < 0.002). The void volume inhibitor had a 50% effective dose of 6.2 (mu)g/ml, a 28-fold purification of the inhibitor material. These data support the hypothesis that seed coat inhibitory activity is associated with a cottonseed-specific xylan.
Conversion of Glycerol to Hydrocarbon Fuels via Bifunctional Catalysts (2016)

Utilization of byproduct glycerol improves biodiesel production in terms of both economics and sustainability. Conversion of glycerol to hydrocarbon (GTH) fuels is among the promising options, which provides additional renewable energy besides biodiesel and contributes further to independence from fossil fuels. In the present work, bifunctional catalysts (Pt/H-ZSM-5 and Pd/H-ZSM-5) were selected, prepared, characterized, and tested for GTH conversion. The addition of noble metals enhances aromatics’ yield, and both catalysts convert GTH fuels effectively. On the basis of the experimental observations and prior literature, it is proposed that GTH conversion follows sequential hydrodeoxygenation and aromatization steps. Under optimized conditions, ∼90% glycerol conversion and ∼60% yield of aromatic hydrocarbons were achieved over the Pd/H-ZSM-5 catalyst.
A highly sensitive flexible pressure and shear sensor array for measurement of ground reactions in pedestrian navigation (2011)

We present the design, fabrication and testing of a high-resolution ground reaction sensor cluster (GRSC) as an auxiliary sensor for pedestrian navigation. The GRSC consists of a flexible high-density array of compressible, elastomeric capacitive pressure and two-dimensional shear sensors. When placed at the heel of a boot, the 169-cell GRSC measures detailed information about the position and motion of the line of contact with the ground. The GRSC uses fingered capacitive sensors that provide a large sensitivity to shear stress. The GRSC sensors have pressure and shear sensitivities of 0.44 MPa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and 0.76 MPa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , respectively.