gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, conformation, and dopaminergic activity of 5,6-ethano-bridged derivatives of selective dopaminergic 3-benzazepines (1987)

To probe the suggestion that D-1 (DA1) dopamine receptors might possess an accessory pi-binding site in a location complementary to a suitably oriented aromatic ring (i.e., in an axial orientation approximately orthogonal to the catechol nucleus) in agonists such as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol (1) and 3',4'-dihydroxynomifensine (2) that are selective for this subtype, cis- and trans-2,3,4,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4-phenyl-1H-indeno[1,7-cd]azepine-6,7-diol were prepared. These compounds are 5,6-ethano-bridged derivatives of the D-1 selective dopamine receptor agonist 1. Introduction of the bridge reduces the conformational mobility of the parent molecule. Comprehensive conformational analyses by molecular mechanical methods indicated that both the cis and trans isomers could attain a conformation that places the phenyl substituent in an axial orientation. X-ray analysis of the trans isomer showed an axial disposition of the phenyl ring; however, NMR studies suggest that this conformation is fixed in the trans isomer, but not in the cis. The dopamine receptor binding affinity and intrinsic activity of the cis isomer were considerably greater than those of its trans counterpart; the cis isomer also demonstrated a high degree of selectivity for the D-1 subtypes. One possible explanation of these results, suggested by the molecular modeling studies, is that both the axial orientation of the phenyl postulated to be required for binding to the receptor and a putatively requisite location of the nitrogen in approximately the plane of the catechol ring can be attained only by the cis isomer in which the tetrahydroazepine ring is in a twist conformation. Conversely, these results might simply suggest a preference of the D-1 receptors for benzazepine agonists having the phenyl group in an equatorial orientation. Still another possibility is that the D-1 receptor binding site is in a sterically hindered area accessible only to compounds that are relatively planar. However, it requires an axial 1-phenylbenzazepine for strong binding. Thus, a conformationally flexible cis isomer could more readily achieve the different conformations required to both gain access to and bind with the D-1 site.
Dielectric properties of lead zirconate titanate thin films deposited on metal foils (2000)

Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films deposited on metal foil substrates are suitable for developing a wide range of applications. In this letter, we report on PZT films deposited on a variety of foils, including titanium, stainless steel, brass, and nickel alloys, using sol–gel processing. The dielectric properties were shown to depend strongly on the foil material. Excellent properties for capacitors, including high dielectric constant (ε=400), low dielectric loss (loss tangent of &lt;5%), and low leakage current (below 5×10−8 A at 5 V) were obtained on titanium and good results were also obtained on other foils, such as stainless steel and brass foils. Also, excellent high-frequency properties were observed for capacitors on titanium, stainless steel, and brass foils.
Discrimination of angle-Doppler signatures using arbitrary Phase Center Motion for MIMO radars (2017)

A novel Phase Center Motion (PCM) based technique for discriminating angle-Doppler signatures within Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) radars using Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) has been explored in this work. The PCM technique induces angle dependent Doppler shifts in the back-scattered signal, wherein a modified Doppler post processing for FMCW leads to joint angle-Doppler processing. Specifically, we intend to design unique spatial-temporal motion of the phase center on each individual MIMO radar channel in an effort to synthesize nearly orthogonal angle-Doppler signatures. Subsequently, we also develop a MIMO radar receiver design, which would be capable of discriminating between these induced angle-Doppler signatures. The asymptotic investigation provides a Bessel function characteristic. Simulation results demonstrate a significant side-lobe suppression of 8.5 dB for an individual PCM trajectory and 7 dB over distinct PCM trajectories, in an attempt towards realization of nearly orthogonal MIMO radar channels.
Interaction of ionic liquids with polysaccharides. 5. Solvents and reaction media for the modification of cellulose (2008)

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) in the field of cellulose chemistry opens up a broad variety of new opportunities. Besides the regeneration of the biopolymer to fibers, films, and beads, this new class of cellulose solvents is particularly useful for the homogeneous chemical modification of the polysaccharide. In this review, the potential of ILs as a reaction medium for the homogeneous cellulose functionalization is discussed. It is shown that numerous conversions proceed very efficiently and the ILs may be recycled. But it is also demonstrated that some side reactions have to be considered.
SUPPORTING SOFTWARE PROCESS DECISIONS USING BI-DIRECTIONAL SIMULATION (2003)

In this paper, we present a "forward-looking" decision support framework that integrates timely metrics data with a simulation based defect model of the software development process in order to support software project management decisions regarding product quality. These predictions are evaluated using Outcome Based Control Limits (OBCLs) and Bi-Directional (both forward and reverse) simulation models of the software development process. The Bi-Directional models provide useful guidance to the program manager when evaluating possible corrective actions on a project that has gone outside the OBCLs. The forward model predicts the potential performance impacts of the proposed corrective actions. The reverse simulation models are new and take the desired system outcome as the starting point and represent the system as it evolves backward in time to identify the necessary starting point to achieve the desired outcome. The approach is presented using an illustrative example.
CEACAM1 as a Multi-Purpose Target for Cancer Immunotherapy (2017)

CEACAM1 is an extensively studied cell surface molecule with established functions in multiple cancer types, as well as in various compartments of the immune system. Due to its multi-faceted role as a recently appreciated immune checkpoint inhibitor and tumor marker, CEACAM1 is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we highlight CEACAM1's function in various immune compartments and cancer types, including in the context of metastatic disease. This review outlines CEACAM1's role as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment in light of these properties.
Self-calibrated MEMS gyroscope with AM/FM operational modes, dynamic range of 180 dB and in-run bias stability of 0.1 deg/hr (2014)

This paper reports our cumulative progress toward the development of a gyroscope with two interchangeable modes of operation: an Amplitude Modulated (AM) mode, for a precision measurement in more conventional ranges (~300 deg/sec) and a Frequency Modulated (FM) mode, for an expanded range of operation (over 300 deg/sec and as high as 18,000 deg/sec). We demonstrate that the implemented self-calibration algorithms for AM detection effectively remove the rate random walk, allowing for a highly stable in-run bias. The FM approach is based on tracking the resonant frequency split between two, high Q-factor mechanical modes of a gyroscope, providing a frequency-based measurement of the input angular rate. Temperature characterization of the FM gyroscope exhibited less than 0.2 % variation of the angular rate response between a temperature range of 25 °C and 70 °C. This characteristics is shown to be enabled by the self-calibration capability of differential frequency detection. Measured Allan deviation of the FM gyroscope demonstrated a bias instability of 0.5 7hr and an Angle Random Walk (ARW) of 0.08 °/√hr. Rate table characterization of the gyroscope in FM operational mode demonstrated a linear range of 18,000 7s, representing a dynamic range of 160 dB. In the conventional AM mode, the gyroscope experimentally demonstrated a 0.1 7hr bias instability after implementation of the temperature self-sensing calibration algorithm. Thus, the interchangeable operation of the QMG transducer provides a measured 176 dB dynamic range, making the same high-Q mechanical structure suitable for demanding high precision and wide input range applications.
Skewless network clock synchronization (2013)

This paper examines synchronization of computer clocks connected via a data network and proposes a skewless algorithm to synchronize them. Unlike existing solutions, which either estimate and compensate the frequency difference (skew) among clocks or introduce offset corrections that can generate jitter and possibly even backward jumps, our algorithm achieves synchronization without these problems. We first analyze the convergence property of the algorithm and provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the parameters to guarantee synchronization. We then implement our solution on a cluster of IBM BladeCenter servers running Linux and study its performance. In particular, both analytically and experimentally, we show that our algorithm can converge in the presence of timing loops. This marks a clear contrast with current standards such as NTP and PTP, where timing loops are specifically avoided. Furthermore, timing loops can even be beneficial in our scheme. For example, it is demonstrated that highly connected subnetworks can collectively outperform individual clients when the time source has large jitter. It is also experimentally demonstrated that our algorithm outperforms other well-established software-based solutions such as the NTPv4 and IBM Coordinated Cluster Time (IBM CCT).
Integration of threshold logic gates with RRAM devices for energy efficient and robust operation (2014)

Differential mode threshold-logic gates can be programmed to compute complex logic functions within a single cell, resulting in significant reduction in area and power. However the circuit yield reduces if they are operated at low voltages. This paper describes a novel integration of RRAM with such threshold-logic gates to achieve robust, low voltage (0.6V for 65nm technology) and energy efficient computation of threshold-logic functions. Below 0.6V, we observed that the performance(and thereby, energy delay product) of conventional CMOS circuits degrades substantially compared to the proposed threshold-logic circuits. The improvement in performance and energy of the new circuit architecture are demonstrated while considering process variations in both the MOSFET and RRAM devices. For each threshold function implementable by threshold-logic gate, comparison of energy, delay and energy delay product with equivalent CMOS implementation is given. The advantages in area, energy and delay of threshold logic implementations over conventional CMOS logic gates is demonstrated by two commonly used functional components.
Structure of the Bovine Placental Lactogen Gene and Alternative Splicing of Transcripts (1991)

Preliminary evidence for heterogeneity among bovine placental lactogen (bPL) transcripts prompted characterization of additional cDNA clones and isolation of the bPL gene. Nucleotide replacements were detected among sequenced cDNAs isolated from different animals at a total of 11 positions. Four of these predict amino acid substitutions, which are generally conservative in nature. In addition, truncated forms of bPL are predicted by the sequences of two cDNAs in which alternative splicing is evident. In one case, exon III is deleted with no effect on reading frame. However, in the other instance, a shifted reading frame resulting in a novel carboxyl terminus is generated by use of an alternative 5' splice donor site within exon IV. Nuclease protection analysis demonstrated that these variant transcripts comprise about 13% of the total bPL mRNA present in the midgestation placenta. Characterization of the bPL gene revealed that it is similar in structure to other members of this gene family. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the 5'-flanking region of the bPL gene has diverged considerably from the bovine prolactin and growth hormone genes, but shares homology with the previously characterized gene corresponding to bovine prolactin-related cDNAI (bPRCI). Primer extension as well as nuclease protection analysis indicated that a single transcription start site was utilized in the fetal placenta at midgestation. Exact matches to the consensus sequences for response elements for thyroid hormone and transcription factor AP-2 were located 50 and 70 bp, respectively, upstream from the transcription start site in cloned genomic 5'-flanking sequences. We conclude that the bovine placenta may express more than a single placental lactogen product, raising the possibility of alternative hormones with distinct biological properties, and that the bPL gene may share regulatory elements with the gene for the distinct prolactin-related product, bPRCI, based on similarities in the 5' regions of the corresponding genes.
Quantitative Determination of Vinblastine in Tissue Cultures of<i>Catharanthus roseus</i>by Radioimmunoassay (1989)

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the quantitative determination of small amounts of vinblastine in tissue cultures of CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) G. Don. Antibody was obtained by the immunization of rabbits against a conjugate of vinblastine with bovine serum albumin. The antibody had a high affinity (Ka = 1.2 x 10 (9)l/mol) and specificity for vinblastine. The usable range of standard curve for assay was 0.5-10 ng/ml. Crude alkaloid extracts of tissue cultures could be assayed and many samples could be processed in one time. It was found that the vinblastine contents of multiple shoot cultures were lower than that of intact plants but much higher than that of callus cultures.
Analysis of methods for characterizing frequency-converting devices (2016)

We propose a theoretical analysis of methods for characterizing devices with frequency conversion (vector mixer calibration methods). There are several methods for making such measurements, but their advantages and disadvantages have not been analyzed until now. This paper compares values of phase error and estimates of delay between three known vector mixer calibration methods. Analysis is made for the RF band. We use flow graphs and Mason theorem to calculate error limits of different methods.
Myeloperoxidase PET Imaging Tracks Intracellular and Extracellular Treatment Changes in Experimental Myocardial Infarction (2023)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly oxidative, pro-inflammatory enzyme involved in post-myocardial infarction (MI) injury and is a potential therapeutic target. While multiple MPO inhibitors have been developed, the lack of an imaging reporter to select appropriate patients and assess therapeutic efficacy has hampered clinical development. Thus, a translational imaging method to detect MPO activity non-invasively would help to better understand the role MPO plays in MI and facilitate novel therapy development and clinical validation. Interestingly, many MPO inhibitors affect both intracellular and extracellular MPO, but previous MPO imaging methods can only report extracellular MPO activity. In this study, we found that an MPO-specific PET imaging agent (<sup>18</sup>F-MAPP) can cross cell membranes to report intracellular MPO activity. We showed that <sup>18</sup>F-MAPP can track the treatment effect of an MPO inhibitor (PF-2999) at different doses in experimental MI. The imaging results were corroborated by ex vivo autoradiography and gamma counting data. Furthermore, extracellular and intracellular MPO activity assays revealed that <sup>18</sup>F-MAPP imaging can report the changes induced by PF-2999 on both intracellular and extracellular MPO activities. These findings support <sup>18</sup>F-MAPP as a translational candidate to noninvasively report MPO activity and accelerate drug development against MPO and other related inflammatory targets.
Transdermal Contraceptive Delivery System: Preclinical Development and Clinical Assessment (1994)

AbstractAn once-a-week transdermal (monophasic) contraceptive delivery system (TCDS), intended to be marketed in Asian countries, was developed at the Controlled Drug-Delivery Research Center, Rutgers, College of Pharmacy under the sponsorship of Sintong Chemical Industrial Co. Ltd. in Taiwan. This TCDS was designed to simultaneously deliver a low dose combination of levonorgestrel (LNG) and 17B-estradiol (E2) through the skin for the fertility regulation in female. In-vitro permeation study using human cadaver skin shows that 60.0 ± 9.42 mcg/day/10 cm2 of LNG and 28.8 ± 4.96 mcg/day/10 cm2 of E2 can be delivered from this system. The result of the one-week dermal toxicity study on 6 rabbits indicated the minimal potential of this TCDS to cause skin irritation. Histopathological examination revealed that this system causes only mild to moderate inflammation to the test animal which also showed no significant body weight change and sign of toxicity.A phase I bioavailability-dose proportionality clinical study which consists of pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment cycles was conducted on Fertile Chinese women. During the pre-treatment cycle, the 48 recruited subjects were given placebo patches to study the wearability (including skin irritation and adhesion tests). During the treatment cycle, each of the 8 subjects in Groups A, B and C received weekly application of 1, 2 or 3 pieces of 10 cm2 TCDS patches, respectively, while each subject in Group D received one Chinese-made oral contraceptive pill (each pill contains 150 mcg of LNG and 35 mcg of ethynyl estradiol) per day as reference.The TCDS patches were found to be very well accepted by the subjects as indicated by the results of the wearability study (PDII is less than 1.0 and mean survival rate of the patches = 99.5%). Residual assay of the used patches indicated that this TCDS has delivered LNG and E2 at the rate of about 5.0 mcg/cm2.day and 4.0 mcg/cm2. day, respectively, during the treatment cycle of the study. Radioimmunoassay of serum samples revealed that therapeutically effective serum concentration of LNG was achieved. Serum profiles of progesterone, LH and FSH also indicated that ovulation inhibition occurred in the majority of the all 3 groups of subjects receiving TCDS patches. The post-treatment hormonal profiles also indicated that upon the termination of the administration of TCDS patches, the majority of the subjects return to their normal state of menstrual cycle. It was also reported that none of the subjects participated in this phase I study became pregnant.Due to the success of this phase I study, a pilot phase II study has been initiated which involves more than 100 study subjects. Up to the first week of September, 1993, 112 subjects have completed 3 cycles of study with a total of 342 woman-month. During this pilot phase II study, the participated subjects were found to be sexually active and none of the subject has been reported to become pregnant so far.
Ferromagnetic Gd5Si4 Nanoparticles as T2 Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2017)

Room temperature ferromagnetic Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using arc-melting and high-energy ball milling. We demonstrate that these particles can be used as potential T2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ball-milled Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanostructured material shows a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition at 320 K, revealing long-range magnetic order of the Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> phase. Echo time was measured in a 7 T magnetic resonance imaging system and shows significant reduction compared to that reported for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. These results show the potential of Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ferromagnetic nanoparticles as T2 contrast agents for MRI.
A Laser Interferometer for Measuring Skin Friction in Three-Dimensional Flows (1984)

A new, nonintrusive method is described for measuring skin friction in three-dimensional flows with unknown direction. The method uses a laser interferometer to measure the changing slope of a thin oil film applied to a surface experiencing shear stress. The details of the method are described, and skin friction measurements taken in a swirling three-dimensional boundary-layer flow are presented. Comparisons between analytical results and experimental values from the laser interferometer method and from a bidirectional surface-fence gauge are made.
Punch Card Programmable Microfluidics (2015)

Small volume fluid handling in single and multiphase microfluidics provides a promising strategy for efficient bio-chemical assays, low-cost point-of-care diagnostics and new approaches to scientific discoveries. However multiple barriers exist towards low-cost field deployment of programmable microfluidics. Incorporating multiple pumps, mixers and discrete valve based control of nanoliter fluids and droplets in an integrated, programmable manner without additional required external components has remained elusive. Combining the idea of punch card programming with arbitrary fluid control, here we describe a self-contained, hand-crank powered, multiplex and robust programmable microfluidic platform. A paper tape encodes information as a series of punched holes. A mechanical reader/actuator reads these paper tapes and correspondingly executes operations onto a microfluidic chip coupled to the platform in a plug-and-play fashion. Enabled by the complexity of codes that can be represented by a series of holes in punched paper tapes, we demonstrate independent control of 15 on-chip pumps with enhanced mixing, normally-closed valves and a novel on-demand impact-based droplet generator. We demonstrate robustness of operation by encoding a string of characters representing the word "PUNCHCARD MICROFLUIDICS" using the droplet generator. Multiplexing is demonstrated by implementing an example colorimetric water quality assays for pH, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate content in different water samples. With its portable and robust design, low cost and ease-of-use, we envision punch card programmable microfluidics will bring complex control of microfluidic chips into field-based applications in low-resource settings and in the hands of children around the world.