gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Flying-Capacitor-Based Active-Neutral-Point-Clamped Five-Level Converter Operated With SHE-PWM (2011)

A five-level flying-capacitor (FC)-based active-neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converter is an arrangement of a three-level ANPC converter and a two-level cell. In this paper, a control strategy is proposed to regulate the voltage across the FCs at their respective reference voltage levels by swapping the switching patterns of the switches based on the polarity of the output current, the polarity of the FC voltage, and the polarity of the fundamental line-to-neutral voltage under selective harmonic elimination pulsewidth modulation. The voltage across the FCs and the dc-link capacitors are simultaneously controlled at their reference voltage levels. The proposed control strategy is applied using power system computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including dc on a static synchronous compensator operating under a power-factor-correction mode to verify its performance. Experimental results are also presented for low and high number of angles per quarter period using a low-power laboratory prototype.
An Off-Chip Attack on Hardware Enclaves via the Memory Bus (2019)

This paper shows how an attacker can break the confidentiality of a hardware enclave with Membuster, an off-chip attack based on snooping the memory bus. An attacker with physical access can observe an unencrypted address bus and extract fine-grained memory access patterns of the victim. Membuster is qualitatively different from prior on-chip attacks to enclaves and is more difficult to thwart. We highlight several challenges for Membuster. First, DRAM requests are only visible on the memory bus at last-level cache misses. Second, the attack needs to incur minimal interference or overhead to the victim to prevent the detection of the attack. Lastly, the attacker needs to reverse-engineer the translation between virtual, physical, and DRAM addresses to perform a robust attack. We introduce three techniques, critical page whitelisting, cache squeezing, and oracle-based fuzzy matching algorithm to increase cache misses for memory accesses that are useful for the attack, with no detectable interference to the victim, and to convert memory accesses to sensitive data. We demonstrate Membuster on an Intel SGX CPU to leak confidential data from two applications: Hunspell and Memcached. We show that a single uninterrupted run of the victim can leak most of the sensitive data with high accuracy.
Indexing and selecting hierarchical business logic (2015)

Business rule management is the task of storing and maintaining company-specific decision rules and business logic that is queried frequently by application users. These rules can impede efficient query processing when they require the business rule engine to resolve semantic hierarchies. To address this problem, this work discusses hierarchical indexes that are performance and storage-conscious. In the first part of this work, we develop a tree-based hierarchical structure that represents client-defined semantic hierarchies as well as two variants of this structure that improve performance and main memory allocation. The second part of our work focuses on selecting the top rules out of those retrieved from the index. We formally define a priority score-based decision scheme that allows for a conflict-free rule system and efficient rule ranking. Additionally, we introduce a weight-based lazy merging technique for rule selection. All of these techniques are evaluated with real world and synthetic data sets.
Eating Habits of Elderly Vietnamese in the United States (1991)

A sample of 62 elderly from the Vietnamese Senior Citizens Association responded to a 24-hour dietary recall interview regarding their eating habits and food preferences in order to examine their health status. Results indicated that one-fifth of those sampled had milk at breakfast. The majority of elderly still consumed rice at both lunch and supper, and 94 percent did not snack. Thirty-one percent took vitamin supplements. The health problems most frequently mentioned were anemia, arthritis, hypertension, and diabetes. Research on food habits and diet in relation to diseases of this ethnic group is much needed.
A longitudinal study of support needs after severe traumatic brain injury (2020)

Support needs after severe TBI are prevalent, varied, and change over time, which have implications for care-giving and service delivery.
Low-Temperature and Low-Pressure Die Bonding Using Thin Ag-Flake and Ag-Particle Pastes for Power Devices (2013)

The operating temperature of new-generation power semiconductors is expected to exceed 150°C. To develop a low heat-resistant die-attachment technology that can be processed at relatively low temperatures, four Ag filler-based die-bonding materials are investigated. They include Ag micrometer-particles, Ag nanoparticles, Ag micrometer-flakes, and Ag nano-thick-flakes, and are mixed with a solvent to formulate into pastes. These Ag pastes are printed onto three types of substrate, bare Cu and Cu with Au and Ag finishes, and then the bonding experiments are carried out at temperatures of 160°C-220°C for 60 min. At 200°C and 220°C, the die bonding onto the Cu substrate with Ag finish using the Ag micrometer-flake paste is found to have an excellent shear strength of 36.0 and 39.1 MPa while the die bonding using the other three pastes all have shear strengths below 20 MPa. This can be explained in terms of the bonded interface area formed with the Ag micrometer-flake paste, which is significantly larger than those formed with the other three Ag pastes. Therefore, the Ag micrometer-flake paste promises to provide sufficient die-bonding strength at low temperatures.
Analysis of Instant Search Query Logs. (2012)

Instant search is a new search paradigm that shows results as a user types in a query. It has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its simplicity and power. In an instantsearch system, every keystroke from a user triggers a new request to the server. Therefore, its log has a richer content than that of a traditional search system, and previous log analysis research is not applicable to this type of log. In this paper, we study the problem of analyzing the query log of an instant-search system. We propose a classification scheme for user typing behaviors. We also compare the log of an instant-search system and that of a traditional search system on the same data. The results show that on a people directory search system, instant search can typically save 2 seconds per search, reduce the typing effort by showing
Biosynthesis and processing of the cell adhesion molecule PECAM-1 includes production of a soluble form. (1994)

PECAM-1 (CD31) is a 130-kDa glycoprotein found on platelets, endothelial cells, granulocytes, and monocytes, as well as on certain myelomonocytic cell lines. Recent studies have shown that PECAM-1 may be involved in activation of leukocyte integrins and may also be involved in adhesive interactions of circulating leukocytes and the vessel wall. In spite of the important functional role that PECAM-1 plays in these processes, little is known about the biosynthesis, processing, and turnover of PECAM-1 on the cell surface. We have studied the biosynthesis of PECAM-1 in the promonocytic cell line U937, and in endothelial cells, by pulse-chase labeling and immunoprecipitation. PECAM-1 was synthesized as a 110-kDa precursor form, which was processed into the 130-kDa mature form within 1-3 h, during which time it began to move to the cell surface. The protein disappeared from the cell surface in both cell types about 48 h after labeling. A soluble form of PECAM-1, which is 5-10 kDa smaller than cell-associated PECAM-1 and contains the cytoplasmic tail, was observed in the culture media of HUVECs and phorbol ester-treated U937 cells. This form of soluble PECAM-1 is encoded by an alternatively spliced mRNA from which the exon containing the transmembrane domain has been removed. Soluble PECAM-1 was also detected in normal human plasma at levels of 10-25 ng/ml. Two isoforms of plasma PECAM-1, which differed in the presence of the cytoplasmic tail, were observed by Western blot analysis. In parallel with soluble forms of other cell adhesion molecules, soluble PECAM-1 may play a role in modulating the inflammatory response.
A New, Expeditious Entry to the Benzophenanthrofuran Framework by a Pd‐Catalyzed C‐ and O‐Arylation/PIFA‐Mediated Oxidative Coupling Sequence. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Extraction of Ocean Wave Directional Spectra Using Steerable Doppler Side-Scan Sonars (1995)

A new technique is presented for extraction of ocean wave directional spectra using steerable Doppler side-scan sonars. The method is designed for use from a subsurface platform at the 25-m depth. Two 360° steerable side-scan beams at 103 kHz are used to estimate along-beam horizontal water motion due to waves at ranges out to 250 m. Upward-looking sonars are used to estimate the surface height power spectrum. This new method, dubbed “coherent wavenumber summation,” uses wavenumber decomposition of radial velocity versus range profiles. A wavenumber-directional grid is then coherently incremented over one 360°, 64-ping sweep of the side-scan beams, which requires deconvolution in time and spatial orientation. The resulting directional spreading functions are then incoherently averaged over 30–50 min of side-scan data. Numerical testing shows that this method can reconstruct accurately realistic uni- and bidirectional seas over the frequency range 0.09–0.30 Hz and is insensitive to random noise. The method is demonstrated through comparison with conventional array methods using data collected in the northeast Pacific. The resolution of this method is severely limited by the combined effects of short temporal and spatial coherence scales of natural ocean waves, and geometric consequences of the finite side-scan beam aperture (<200 m).
One bit digital filtering (1998)

Many analogue-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analogue (D/A) converters use an intermediate sigma-delta modulating stage to convert signal inputs and outputs into a simple digital form for high quality conversion. In the case of A/D converters, a multibit representation of the signal is achieved with a decimating filter and, similarly, D/A converters employ interpolators to increase the sampling rate and to remove images of the baseband audio signal that are created by oversampling. The well-documented sigma-delta modulating technique, employing Nth order noise shaping, is then used to create a highly quantised two level signal. This one bit signal is a perfectly valid representation because it contains all of the audio band information. Processing the one bit signal directly offers an alternative approach to signal processing and removes the decimating or interpolating requirements in an analogue interface. It also allows a simpler system structure because the interconnections are naturally serial with no implied framing. Also, because the signal is heavily oversampled, the system characteristics can approach those of high quality analogue processors in terms of phase response and distortion effects, while retaining the advantages of digital processing techniques. This paper describes filter structures which operate on one-bit signals and develops an efficient structure for realising efficient IIR filters with no multipliers.
Two-dimensional acoustic metamaterial with negative modulus (2010)

We designed a two-dimensional acoustic metamaterial with periodical array of split hollow sphere (SHS) and investigated its transmission behaviors in the impedance tube system. The results showed that the acoustic metamaterial exhibited a transmission dip and inverse phase close to 5 kHz, which indicated the local resonance of SHS. Based on the homogeneous-media theory, the effective modulus of the acoustic metamaterial was calculated to be negative. The finite element method and resonant model simulation results also confirmed the local resonance and negative response in acoustic metamaterial, which agreed well with experiment results. This metamaterial is able to achieve the double negative acoustic metamaterial conveniently by arraying acoustic “atoms” with negative mass density in the matrix.
Nuclear reprogramming of sperm and somatic nuclei in eggs and oocytes (2013)

Eggs and oocytes have a prominent ability to reprogram sperm nuclei for ensuring embryonic development. The reprogramming activity that eggs/oocytes intrinsically have towards sperm is utilised to reprogram somatic nuclei injected into eggs/oocytes in nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. NT embryos of various species can give rise to cloned animals, demonstrating that eggs/oocytes can confer totipotency even to somatic nuclei. However, many studies indicate that reprogramming of somatic nuclei is not as efficient as that of sperm nuclei. In this review, we explain how and why sperm and somatic nuclei are differentially reprogrammed in eggs/oocytes. Recent studies have shown that sperm chromatin is epigenetically modified to be adequate for early embryonic development, while somatic nuclei do not have such modifications. Moreover, epigenetic memories encoded in sperm chromatin are transgenerationally inherited, implying unique roles of sperm. We also discuss whether somatic nuclei can be artificially modified to acquire sperm-like chromatin states in order to increase the efficiency of nuclear reprogramming.
E se a seleção natural não existisse? (2017)

Este relato descreve a experiência no ensino de tópicos em Evolução para turmas do curso superior de ciências biológicas em diferentes níveis: no início e no final do curso. Uma pergunta nada convencional e inesperada coloca os estudantes numa posição de estranheza, seguida pelo momento eureca: a satisfação da descoberta. O primeiro contato do aluno de curso superior com as ideias evolutivas não deve ser restrito à disciplina de Evolução, mas os processos evolutivos aplicados a exemplos práticos devem acontecer em todas as outras áreas cursadas para que a compreensão seja gradual e, a final, satisfatória.
High Speed Delay-Locked Loop for Multiple Clock Phase Generation (2013)

In this paper, a high speed delay-locked loop (DLL) architecture ispresented which can be employed in high frequency applications. In order to design the new architecture, a new mixed structure is presented for phase detector (PD) and charge pump (CP) which canbe triggered by double edges of the input signals. In addition, the blind zone is removed due to the elimination of reset signal. Therefore, operating frequency of the whole system isimproved which canbe mentioned as notable advantage of the proposed DLL. To obtain more accurate phases at the output signal, a new delay cell is introduced which is controlled by a single voltage. This control voltage, through equalizing the rise and fall time, regulate duty cycle of output clock. These features along with simplicity and low power consumption qualify the proposed architecture to be widely used in high speed systems. For better realization of the designed circuit’s behavior, simulation results are presented based on TSMC 0.35µm CMOS technology and 3.3-V power supply for a type II filter which demonstrate accuracy and perfect performance of this work.
Evaluation of an enhanced viscosity artificial tear for moderate to severe dry eye disease: A multicenter, double-masked, randomized 30-day study (2018)

Overall, the CMC-GLY artificial tear formulation was as effective as the CMC formulation. CMC-GLY demonstrated improvements at an earlier stage (day 7). Both artificial tear formulations were safe and well tolerated, with no treatment-related serious adverse events. These results support the use of the CMC-GLY artificial tear formulation as an effective treatment to reduce the symptoms and signs of dry eye disease.
Electrical and Optical Polymer Systems: Fundamentals: Methods, and Applications (1998)

Part 1 Conductive polymers: polyanaline as a corrosion barrier optimization of electrical and redox properties of electrogenerated polypyroles heterocycle-based electroconductive polymers electrochemical characteristics of conducting polymers anisotropy in electrically conducting polymers basic methods of synthesis and characterization of electronically conducting polymers. Part 2 Nonlinear optical polymers: nonlinear optical characterization of polymers conjugated polynitriles - a novel class of nonlinear optical and electric functional polymers second harmonic generation in poled polymer waveguides using co-propagating geometries design and fabrication of nonlinear polymer integrated optic devices fabrication and characterization of electrooptic polymer waveguide modulator for photonic applications. Part 3 Advances in electrical and optical polymer systems: optical and spectroscopic investigations on the supramolecular assemblies of optoelectronic materials towards organic functional devices using ionized cluster beam deposition method electrochemical synthesis and characterization of conjugated polymers optically active conjugated polymers with main chain chirality coordination polymers - infinite 1-D, 2-D and 3-D frameworks based upon transition metals and polyfunctional ligands interfacial aspects in the manufacture of soft contact. Part 4 Dielectric and field responsive materials: electrical responses of polymer gels electric field alignment of polymer materials exhibiting long-range order ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers electrical impedance properties of chemically responsive hydrogels ferroelectricity and peizoelectric biopolymers. (Part contents).
An FPGA based SIMD processor with a vector memory unit (2006)

A SIMD processor that contains a 16-way partitioned data-path is designed for efficient multimedia data processing. In order to automatically align data needed for SIMD processing, the architecture adopts a vector memory unit that consists of 17-bank memory blocks. The vector memory unit also has address generation and rearrangement units for eliminating bank conflicts. The MicroBlaze FPGA based RISC processor is used for program control and scalar data processing. The architecture has been implemented on a Xilinx FPGA, and the implementation performance for several multimedia kernels is obtained.
Clinical Efficacy of the Vertebral Wedge Osteotomy for the Fusionless Treatment of Paralytic Scoliosis (2010)

Vertebral wedge osteotomy is potentially an effective treatment option for paralytic scoliosis. At 2-year follow-up, there was no loss of function as measured by the PODCI and FIM, and there was improvement in the COPM. Cobb angle measurements were either improved or maintained in 12 of 13 patients. Although 2 patients required fusion, they had an average of 2.5 years of subsequent growth before surgery.
Optimization of the matrix inversion tomosynthesis (MITS) impulse response and modulation transfer function characteristics for chest imaging (2006)

Matrix inversion tomosynthesis (MITS) uses linear systems theory, along with a priori knowledge of the imaging geometry, to deterministically distinguish between true structure and overlying tomographic blur in a set of conventional tomosynthesis planes. In this paper we examine the effect of total scan angle (ANG), number of input projections (N), and plane separation/number of reconstructed planes (NP) on the MITS impulse response (IR) and modulation transfer function (MTF), with the purpose of optimizing MITS imaging of the chest. MITS IR and MTF data were generated by simulating the imaging of a very thin wire, using various combinations of ANG, N, and NP. Actual tomosynthesis data of an anthropomorphic chest phantom were acquired with a prototype experimental system, using the same imaging parameter combinations as those in the simulations. Thoracic projection data from two human subjects were collected for corroboration of the system response analysis in vivo. Results suggest that ANG=20 degrees, N=71, NP=69 is the optimal combination for MITS chest imaging given the inherent constraints of our prototype system. MITS chest data from human subjects demonstrates that the selected imaging strategy can effectively produce high-quality MITS thoracic images in vivo.
Efficacy of organic-amendments on the yield and control of Aphelenchoides composticola infesting mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) sing (1993)

The organic-amendments viz., FYM, oil-cakes of mustard, cotton-seed and groundnut were incorporated in powdered form into the compost and casing-soil separately for the control of Aphelenchoides composticola infesting mushroom crop. The mustard oil-cake @ 5 to 10 g/kg of wet compost was most effective in increasing the yield of mushroom buttons and controlling the nematode. Incorporation of organic-amendments into the compost was better than that of their incorporation into the casing-soil. However, FYM proved least effective. Besides, incorporation of higher dose (10g/kg into compost or casing-soil) caused maximum mortality of the nematode and resulted in maximum yield of buttons. Both the doses of cakes, however, interacted differentially in causing the mortality of nematodes.
Effect of vaccine dose on the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate TB vaccine, MVA85A, in BCG vaccinated UK adults (2012)

A higher dose of 1×10(8)PFU of MVA85A is well-tolerated, increases the frequency of IFN-γ secreting T cells detected following immunisation and broadens the range of Ag85A epitopes detected.
CD177-mediated nanoparticle targeting of human and mouse neutrophils (2018)

Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells, with a vital role in innate immune defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Although mostly associated with pathological processes directly related to immune defense, they can also play a detrimental role in inflammatory conditions and have been found to have a pro-metastatic role in the spread of cancer cells. Here, we explore ways to temporarily suppress these detrimental activities. We first examined the possibility of using siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for transient knockdown of the human and mouse C5a receptor, an important chemoattractant receptor involved in neutrophil-mediated injury that is associated with myocardial infarction, sepsis, and neurodegenerative diseases. We found that siRNAs and ASOs transfected into cultured cell lines can eliminate 70-90% of C5a receptor mRNA and protein within 72 h of administration, a clinically relevant time frame after a cardiovascular event. Targeted drug delivery to specific cells or tissues of interest in a mammalian host, however, remains a major challenge. Here, using phage display technology, we have identified peptides that bind specifically to CD177, a neutrophil-specific surface molecule. We have attached these peptides to fluorescent, lipid-based nanoparticles and confirmed targeting and delivery to cultured cells ectopically presenting either human or mouse CD177. In addition, we have shown peptide-nanoparticle binding specifically to neutrophils in human and mouse blood. We anticipate that these or related tagged nanoparticles may be therapeutically useful for delivery of siRNAs or ASOs to neutrophils for transient knockdown of pro-inflammatory proteins such as the C5a receptor.
Handbook of radiation oncology : basic principles and clinical protocols (2009)

Whether you are a practicing radiation oncologist or a student of medicine, nursing, physics, dosimetry, or therapy, this handbook is a valuable resource covering the issues most pertinent to patients undergoing radiation therapy. Handbook of Radation Oncology covers general oncologic principles, workup, staging, and multidisciplinary aspects of treatment, basic principles of physics and radiobiology, and specific technologies including brachytherapy, radiosurgery, and unsealed sources.