gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments on bubble generation by a hydrofoil moving beneath the water surface for reducing ship drag (2014)

We have invented two types of hydrofoil bubble generator for drag reduction of ship that can reduce the energy for air bubble generation on the ship hull. Their fundamental process of air entrainment and subsequent bubble generation by the hydrofoil facility are described by a simple fluid dynamic model. We experimentally determined the critical velocity of the bubble generation and the relationship between air volume flow rate and the hydrofoil velocity. The magnitude of the negative pressure produced above the hydrofoil, which is a driving force of the air entrainment, depends on the shape of the hydrofoil, gap ratio (normalized depth of the hydrofoil), Reynolds number, Froude number, and angle of attack. Recent applications of the drag-reduction technology with air bubbles to a ship save about 10%–15% of the total energy consumption of the ship. The device works as a self-priming pump when the draft of the ship is shallow (< ∼5 m) as predicted by the theory. For ships of deeper draft, the device needs the assistance of an air compressor. Because the magnitude of the negative pressure above the hydrofoil depends on the flow condition around the hydrofoil, proper operation of compressors is necessary. We also show experimental results on optimization of hydrofoils to enhance the hydrofoil performance of air entrainment and air bubble generation.
High Power Battery Electrodes Using Nanoporous V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/Carbon Composites (2007)

Nanoporous composite electrodes for lithium ion batteries were successfully fabricated by coating porous carbon with V2O5 gel, and their high rate capability was demonstrated. The porous carbons prepared by using SiO2 colloidal crystals as templates exhibited ordered three dimensionally interconnected pores. The porous carbons were immersed in V2O5 sol under reduced pressure repeatedly to obtain V2O5/carbon composites. The nanoporous V2O5/carbon composites thus obtained exhibited large capacity of more than 100 mAh (g-composite)-1 and good rate capability of 80% at 5.0 A (g-composite)-1. The good performance is explained by electric double layer capacitance of large surface area and high rate lithium insertion to V2O5 gel. According to a calculation, very high-power energy sources with 177 mAh (g-composite)-1 at 100 A (g-composite)-1 are expected by using the nanoporous composite electrodes.
A Novel Method for In Situ Uniaxial Tests at the Micro/Nanoscale—Part II: Experiment (2010)

Here, we experimentally investigate the sources of misalignment during uniaxial test and their substantial influence on mechanical measurement of microspecimens. To avoid possible misalignment errors, we propose a novel MEMS-based uniaxial testing stage and a specimen design for measuring the mechanical response of material samples in situ in scanning electron microscope (SEM). The proposed stage and the specimen ensure uniaxiality of loading due to the introduction of hingelike self-aligning mechanisms both in the stage and in the specimen. Using the stage and the sample, we measure the elastic modulus of single-crystal silicon (SCS) within 99.5% of the known value. We also experimentally demonstrate that the bending strain due to any misalignment can be limited to within 1% of the average strain by using the proposed stage and specimen.
Imaging Acute Renal Failure with Polyamine Dendrimer-Based MRI Contrast Agents (2006)

Acute renal failure (ARF) induced by sepsis has a high mortality but lacks effective treatments. To develop novel therapies we must diagnose renal injury early and accurately in septic patients and identify any additional insults such as nephrotoxic drugs and ischemia. In this short review we describe our experience using MRI with dendrimer-based contrast agents in mouse models of ARF. This technique can diagnose early renal injury before serum creatinine is elevated, distinguish different ARF etiologies, track drug therapy and predict outcome. As an ARF biomarker, MRI with dendrimer-based contrast is a promising technique deserving further development.
Sensorimotor Training in a Virtual Reality Environment: Does It Improve Functional Recovery Poststroke? (2006)

It is difficult in current service delivery models to provide the intensity of practice that appears to be needed to effect neural reorganization and functional changes poststroke. Computerized exercise systems may be a way to maximize both the patients' and the clinicians' time. The data in this study add support to the proposal to explore novel technologies for incorporation into current practice.
Serum Immunoglobulin free light chains as markers of disease burden and response to treatment in patients with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (2008)

8617 Background: Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by the presence of a serum monoclonal IgM protein, which is used to monitor both disease burden and response to treatment. Serum free light chains (sFLC) have recently emerged as a reliable tool to assess disease activity in patients with plasma cell disorders. Methods: To determine the role of sFLC in WM, we retrospectively-assessed the baseline levels of sFLC in 145 untreated, asymptomatic, patients using the Freelite sFLC assay (The Binding Site Ltd. UK). We also correlated sFLC with response to treatment, and performed serial measurements on symptomatic patients who received treatment on a clinical trial with BDR [Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, Rituximab]. Results: Of the 145 WM patients evaluated, 114 (78.6%) had an IgM-k and 31 (21.4%) had an IgM-λ paraprotein. Of the 114 patients with IgM-k, 88 (77%) had an elevated free k-LC and 103 (90%) had an abnormal κ/λ ratio. In the remaining 31 patients with IgM-λ, 23 (74%) had an elevated free λ-LC while 18 (58%) had an abnormal κ/λ ratio. Baseline sFLC levels were lower in asymptomatic patients [mean k-LC 129.42 mg/L (n=34) and mean λ- LC 49.97 mg/L (n=6)] compared to those with symptomatic disease [mean k-LC 261.45 mg/L (n=62) and mean λ-LC 301.73 mg/L (n=19), but did not reach statistical significance. Serial measurements of FLCs and comparison to the changes in the corresponding IgM values demonstrated a significant decrease in 2/6 responders tested 10 and 46 days post-treatment (10 days: 55% vs. 18%, 46 days: 81% vs. 39%). Similarly, an earlier increase in sFLCs was observed in the 2/4 non-responder patients after the 2nd-course of therapy, with a 44% and 128% increase in k and l-FLC vs. a 16% and 17% decrease in IgM, respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that sFLC are significantly-elevated in patients with WM. Higher levels were observed in symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. Preliminary evidence also suggests that sFLC maybe a more-sensitive and a better marker of response to treatment and disease progression than the current standard of serum IgM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Identification and expansion of pancreatic stem/progenitor cells (2005)

Pancreatic islet transplantation represents an attractive approach for the treatment of diabetes. However, the limited availability of donor islets has largely hampered this approach. In this respect, the use of alternative sources of islets such as the ex vivo expansion and differentiation of functional endocrine cells for treating diabetes has become the major focus of diabetes research. Adult pancreatic stem cells /progenitor cells have yet to be recognized because limited markers exist for their identification. While the pancreas has the capacity to regenerate under certain circumstances, questions where adult pancreatic stem/progenitor cells are localized, how they are regulated, and even if the pancreas harbors a stem cell population need to be resolved. In this article, we review the recent achievements both in the identification as well as in the expansion of pancreatic stem/progenitor cells.
Monolithically integrated junction FETS and NEMS (2011)

We present the monolithic integration of junction FETS and NEMS for enhanced signal transduction and signal processing. Monolithic integration is preferred to hybrid integration due to reduce parasitics and mismatches. In this paper, the JFET is integrated directly into SOI MEMS cantilever to form an extra-tight integration between sensing and electronic integration. When a cantilever connected to the JFET is electrostatically actuated; its motion directly affects the current in the JFET. The devices were realized in 2um thick SOI cross-wire beams, with a novel MoSi2 contact metallization for stress minimization and ohmic contact. The pull-in voltage for the NEMS cantilever was 21V and the pinch-off voltage of the JFET was -19V.
Enforcing Security Policies in Requirements Engineering Using AFUML. (2008)

AFUML is a framework to specify and verify access and flow control requirements against the access and flow control policies using UML. AFUML specifies the requirements of Use Cases and sequence diagrams, and security policies with stratified Horn clauses. It is based upon our earlier frameworks AuthUML and FlowUML that specify and verify access and flow control policies, respectively. These frameworks and AFUML capture UML’s functional requirements as predicates and apply security policies specified as finite sets of rules using them in order to verify the requirements adherence to policies. This design facilitates the application of any security policy specifiable as rules to any set of requirements, whilst providing a uniform framework to apply them in unison. This choice modularizes the two aspects of functionality and policy in the forms that are popularly used by their respective communities.
Improving video coding quality by perceptual rate-distortion optimization (2010)

The goal of this work is to seek a feasible direction of video coding that can provide a significant quality improvement over H.264. In light of the well-known findings that the distortion metric for video quality has a profound impact on video coding performance and that traditional metrics such as mean square error are poorly correlated with human perception, we identify perceptual video coding, more specifically, perceptual-based rate-distortion optimization, as a sensible approach that has the potential to help drive the performance of video coding to a significantly higher quality level. This technology assessment is supported by experiments with various video sequences, bit-rates, and encoding profiles. The results show that the perceptual-based RDO can indeed bring significant quality improvement for H.264.
Discovery of Insulin Receptor Partial Agonists MK-5160 and MK-1092 as Novel Basal Insulins with Potential to Improve Therapeutic Index (2022)

We have identified a series of novel insulin receptor partial agonists (IRPAs) with a potential to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia associated with the use of insulin as an antidiabetic treatment. These molecules were designed as dimers of native insulin connected via chemical linkers of variable lengths with optional capping groups at the N-terminals of insulin chains. Depending on the structure, the maximal activation level (%Max) varied in the range of ∼20-70% of native insulin, and EC<sub>50</sub> values remained in sub-nM range. Studies in minipig and dog demonstrated that IRPAs had sufficient efficacy to normalize plasma glucose levels in diabetes, while providing reduction of hypoglycemia risk. IRPAs had a prolonged duration of action, potentially making them suitable for once-daily dosing. Two lead compounds with %Max values of 30 and 40% relative to native insulin were selected for follow up studies in the clinic.
Choriocapillaris Imaging Using Multiple En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Image Averaging (2017)

Multiple en face averaging can improve visualization of the choriocapillaris on OCTA images, transforming the images from a granular appearance to a level where the intervascular spaces can be resolved in healthy volunteers.
Aerosol Performance and Long-Term Stability of Surfactant-Associated Liposomal Ciprofloxacin Formulations with Modified Encapsulation and Release Properties (2014)

Previously, we showed that the encapsulation and release properties of a liposomal ciprofloxacin formulation could be modified post manufacture, by addition of surfactant in concert with osmotic swelling of the liposomes. This strategy may provide more flexibility and convenience than the alternative of manufacturing multiple batches of liposomes differing in composition to cover a wide range of release profiles. The goal of this study was to develop a surfactant-associated liposomal ciprofloxacin (CFI) formulation possessing good long-term stability which could be delivered as an inhaled aerosol. Preparations of 12.5 mg/ml CFI containing 0.4% polysorbate 20 were formulated between pH 4.7 and 5.5. These formulations, before and after mesh nebulization, and after refrigerated storage for up to 2 years, were characterized in terms of liposome structure by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) imaging, vesicle size by dynamic light scattering, pH, drug encapsulation by centrifugation-filtration, and in vitro release (IVR) performance. Within the narrower pH range of 4.9 to 5.2, these formulations retained their physicochemical stability after 2-year refrigerated storage, were robust to mesh nebulization, and formed respirable aerosols with a volume mean diameter (VMD) of 3.7 μm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.7. This study demonstrates that it may be possible to provide a range of release profiles by simple addition of surfactant to a liposomal formulation post manufacture, and that these formulations may retain their physicochemical properties after long-term refrigerated storage and following aerosolization by mesh nebulizer.
A soft body under-actuated approach to multi degree of freedom biomimetic robots: A stingray example (2010)

In this paper we present a new application of the methodology our group is developing to design and prototype under-actuated biomimetic robots by determining appropriate body material property distributions. When excited, flexible bodies with proper anisotropic material distributions display modes of vibration that mimic required locomotion kinematics and require minimal actuation. Our previous prototypes explored simple two dimensional applications for fish-like swimming. In this paper, the three dimensional vibrational kinematics of a stingray are explored. A simple design is explained, and corresponding prototypes are presented along with preliminary performance data. Our methodology shows great promise to develop simple, robust, and inexpensive mobile robots that can efficiently accomplish locomotion.
A new rf structure for intermediate-velocity particles (1994)

This paper describes an rf structure with high shunt impedance and good field stability for particle velocities o.1 {le} {beta} {le} 0.5. Traditionally, the drift-tube linac (DTL) has been the structure of choice for this velocity range. The new structure, called a coupled-cavity drift-tube linac (CCDTL), combines features of the Alvarez DTL and the {pi}-mode coupled-cavity linac (CCL). Each accelerating cavity is a two-cell, 0-mode DTL. The center-to-center distance between gaps is {gamma}{lambda}. Adjacent accelerating cavities have oppositely directed electric fields, alternating in phase by 180{degrees}. The chain of cavities operates in a {pi}/2 structure mode so the coupling cavities are nominally unexcited. We will discuss 2-D and 3-D electromagnetic code calculations, and some initial measurements on a low-power model of a CCDTL. We will compare shunt impedance calculations for DTL, CCL, and CCDTL structures. The CCDTL has potential application for a wide range of ion linacs. For example, high-intensity proton linacs could use the CCDTL instead of a DTL up to an energy of about 200 MeV. Another example is a stand-alone, low-duty, low-current, very high gradient, proton, cancer therapy machine. The advantage for this application would be a saving in the cost of the machine because the linac would be short.
Isolation and structure of bryostatins 5–7 (1985)

American (Gulf of Mexico), Mexican (Gulf of California), and Japanese (Gulf of Sagami) specimens of the marine bryozoan Bugulaneritina were found to contain in addition to bryostatin 4 (3a) the new bryostatins 5–7 (3b–d) as major antineoplastic components effective against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia. A total of 50 kg of wet B. neritina from the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico led to bryostatins 5–7 in 14.1, 61.9, and 31.2 mg yields respectively. The structural assignments for each of these potentially important substances were derived from detailed interpretation of the 400 MHz 1 H nmr and solution phase secondary ion mass spectral measurements, combined with the results of selective acid-catalyzed hydrolyses.
DNA 5-Methylcytosine Demethylation Activities of the Mammalian DNA Methyltransferases (2013)

Methylation at the 5-position of DNA cytosine on the vertebrate genomes is accomplished by the combined catalytic actions of three DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the de novo enzymes DNMT3A and DNMT3B and the maintenance enzyme DNMT1. Although several metabolic routes have been suggested for demethylation of the vertebrate DNA, whether active DNA demethylase(s) exist has remained elusive. Surprisingly, we have found that the mammalian DNMTs, and likely the vertebrates DNMTs in general, can also act as Ca(2+) ion- and redox state-dependent active DNA demethylases. This finding suggests new directions for reinvestigation of the structures and functions of these DNMTs, in particular their roles in Ca(2+) ion-dependent biological processes, including the genome-wide/local DNA demethylation during early embryogenesis, cell differentiation, neuronal activity-regulated gene expression, and carcinogenesis.
TIMP-2: identification and characterization of a new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. (1992)

Human melanoma cells secrete a 21 kDa protein which binds with 1:1 molar stoichiometry to the matrix metalloproteinase type IV collagenase proenzyme (70 kDa gelatinase) secreted by the same cells. We have purified this binding protein and determined its complete primary structure by directly sequencing overlapping peptide fragments which span the entire protein. We refer to this protein as CSC-21K based on the amino-terminal amino acids CSC and the apparent molecular weight of 21,000 daltons on gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequence of CSC-21K demonstrates that this protein shares significant homology with human TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase), including conservation of the positions of the twelve cysteine residues and three of four tryptophan residues. The identification of CSC-21K now indicates that a family of TIMP-related proteins exists. Individual members of this family may possess selective affinities for different members of the matrix metalloproteinase family. Based on its sequence homology to TIMP and ability to inhibit type IV collagenolysis we propose the name TIMP-2 for this inhibitor. TIMP-2 produced by tumor cells can also be considered as an onco-suppressor gene product, because it could play an important role in regulating the metalloproteinases involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis.
Type elaboration and subtype completion for Java bytecode (2000)

Java source code is strongly typed, but the translation from Java source to bytecode omits much of the type information originally contained within methods. Type elaboration is a technique for reconstructing strongly typed programs from incompletely typed bytecode by inferring types for local variables.
Optical design of high-aperture aspherical projection lens (1991)

Aspherical projection lens for large screen television has been designed with a peW idea. The designing process based on this idea is analysed. :L
An electrically-reprogrammable analog transversal filter (1974)

A basic building block constructed with CCD and MNOS technologies will be described. The tap weights are analog and electrically reprogrammable to realize Fourier transformers, matched filters and correlators, and adaptive filters.
Performance and Security Strength Trade-Off in Machine Learning Based Biometric Authentication Systems (2017)

In Biometric Authentication Systems (BAS), the variability amongst population biometric data ensures distinctiveness, and helps minimizing false acceptance of non-subject data. However, higher variability implies temporal variations for a given subject, which can potentially reject subject data. Such variations are suppressed using feature extraction and Machine Learning (ML) techniques for improving the performance, but also reduce the adversary’s effort in breaking the system (security strength) using forged data. Typically for BAS design, performance and security strength are evaluated in isolation using experimental analysis. This research provides an analytical approach to evaluate the BAS performance and strength, and their trade-off, by modeling the biometric data, and studying the effect of feature extraction and ML configurations on processing the data. Experimental analysis on 106 subjects’ brain signal validates the analytical methodology results.
10.1162/153244303765208403 (2000)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A highly sensitive pressure sensor using a double-layered graphene structure for tactile sensing (2015)

In this paper, we propose a graphene sensor using two separated single-layered graphenes on a flexible substrate for use as a pressure sensor, such as for soft electronics. The working pressure corresponds to the range in which human perception recognizes surface morphologies. A specific design of the sensor structure drives the piezoresistive character due to the contact resistance between two graphene layers and the electromechanical properties of graphene itself. Accordingly, sensitivity in resistance change is given by two modes for low pressure (-0.24 kPa(-1)) and high pressure (0.039 kPa(-1)) with a crossover pressure (700 Pa). This sensor can detect infinitesimal pressure as low as 0.3 Pa with uniformly applied vertical force. With the attachment of the artificial fingerprint structure (AFPS) on the sensor, the detection ability for both the locally generated shear force and actual human touch confirms recognition of the surface morphology constructed by periodic structures.