gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computers as Components, Second Edition: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design (2008)

This book was the first to bring essential knowledge on embedded systems technology and techniques under a single cover. This second edition has been updated to the state-of-the-art by one of the most recognizable names in embedded systems design. Researchers, students, and savvy professionals schooled in hardware or software design, will value Wayne Wolf's integrated engineering design approach.* Uses real processors (ARM processor and TI C55x DSP) to demonstrate both technology and techniques...Shows readers how to apply principles to actual design practice.* Covers all necessary topics with emphasis on actual design practice...Realistic introduction to the state-of-the-art for both students and practitioners.* Stresses necessary fundamentals which can be applied to evolving technologies...helps readers gain facility to design large, complex embedded systems that actually work.
Visualization of Uncertainty for Air Traffic Controllers (2015)

Abstract — The goal of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCo) is to maximize both safety and capacity, so as to accept all flights without compromising the life of the passengers or creating delays. Because air traffic is expected to double by 2030, new IT systems must be developed to manage this traffic increase while maintaining or improving safety. ATCo radar screen displays past, current, and future aircraft position that contains uncertainty without displaying it. Uncertainty is mentally integrated by ATCo when assessing the future aircraft position. In this paper, we give some information regarding the radar data uncertainty and we propose new designs to display future aircraft positions more accurately with their uncertainty.
Influence of Lattice Polarizability on the Ionic Conductivity in the Lithium Superionic Argyrodites Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>X (X = Cl, Br, I) (2017)

In the search for novel solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries, thiophosphate ionic conductors have been in recent focus owing to their high ionic conductivities, which are believed to stem from a softer, more polarizable anion framework. Inspired by the oft-cited connection between a soft anion lattice and ionic transport, this work aims to provide evidence on how changing the polarizability of the anion sublattice in one structure affects ionic transport. Here, we systematically alter the anion framework polarizability of the superionic argyrodites Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>X by controlling the fractional occupancy of the halide anions (X = Cl, Br, I). Ultrasonic speed of sound measurements are used to quantify the variation in the lattice stiffness and Debye frequencies. In combination with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and neutron diffraction, these results show that the lattice softness has a striking influence on the ionic transport: the softer bonds lower the activation barrier and simultaneously decrease the prefactor of the moving ion. Due to the contradicting influence of these parameters on ionic conductivity, we find that it is necessary to tailor the lattice stiffness of materials in order to obtain an optimum ionic conductivity.
Direct Evidence for Surface Plasmon-Mediated Enhanced Light Transmission through Metallic Nanohole Arrays (2006)

This paper provides direct evidence for the role of surface plasmons in the enhanced optical transmission of light through metallic nanoscale hole arrays. Near-field optical images directly confirmed the presence of surface plasmons on gold nanohole arrays with interhole spacings larger than the surface plasmon wavelength. A simple interference model provides an intuitive explanation of the two types of fringe wavelengths observed in the near-field optical images. Far-field spectroscopy revealed a surface plasmon band that contributed a factor > 8 to the transmission enhancement. Furthermore, silicon nanohole arrays did not exhibit any features in the near-field, which demonstrates that metallic materials are necessary for enhanced light transmission through nanohole arrays.
Cultured Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines express factor XIIIa, CD14, and VCAM-1, but not factor VIII or ELAM-1 (1993)

<h3>Background and Design:</h3> Historically, the Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tumor cell was generally thought to be derived from endothelial cells. However, by immunohistochemical staining of lesions, many spindle-shaped cells in KS express factor XIIIa, suggesting that they may be related to dermal dendrocytes, a perivascular cell of monocyte/ macrophage lineage. To extend our observations on tissue sections of lesions, four different established KS-derived cell lines before and after cytokine exposure, as well as biopsy specimens of KS lesions, were studied for the expression of endothelial cell and monocyte/macrophage antigens. <h3>Results:</h3> Multipassaged KS tumor cells grew predominantly as spindle-shaped cells. By immunohistochemical staining, all four KS-derived cell cultures were factor XIIIa and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 positive. Three KS-derived cell cultures were CD14 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 positive. Expression of factor XIIIa was upregulated by interferon gamma. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, expression of CD4 mRNA was also detected in all four KS-derived cell cultures. Expression of these monocyte/ macrophage markers (factor XIIIa, CD14, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) on KS in vitro was also detected on spindle cells of KS lesions in vivo. Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and factor VIII expression was not detected on KS-derived cells in vitro before or after exposure to interferon gamma or tumor necrosis factor alpha. While cultured KS cells strongly expressed smooth-muscle α-actin, no detection was observed on spindle-shaped cells in vivo. Conversely, while cultured KS cells were devoid of CD34, the tissue biopsy specimens contain strongly positive spindle-shaped cells. Our results demonstrate that while KS cell lines express one antigen shared by endothelial cells, ie, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, they lack several other endothelial cell markers such as factor VIII and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, either before or after cytokine activation. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Kaposi's sarcoma cell lines express several antigens linking them to dermal dendrocytes such as factor XIIIa, CD4, and CD14. (<i>Arch Dermatol.</i>1993;129:1291-1296)
H2AX chromatin structures and their response to DNA damage revealed by 4Pi microscopy (2006)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by cellular exposure to genotoxic agents or produced by inherent metabolic processes initiate a rapid and highly coordinated series of molecular events resulting in DNA damage signaling and repair. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form gamma-H2AX is one of the earliest of these events and is important for coordination of signaling and repair activities. An intriguing aspect of H2AX phosphorylation is that gamma-H2AX spreads a limited distance up to 1-2 Mbp from the site of a DNA break in mammalian cells. However, neither the distribution of H2AX throughout the genome nor the mechanism that defines the boundary of gamma-H2AX spreading have yet been described. Here, we report the identification of previously undescribed H2AX chromatin structures by successfully applying 4Pi microscopy to visualize endogenous nuclear proteins. Our observations suggest that H2AX is not distributed randomly throughout bulk chromatin, rather it exists in distinct clusters that themselves are uniformly distributed within the nuclear volume. These data support a model in which the size and distribution of H2AX clusters define the boundaries of gamma-H2AX spreading and also may provide a platform for the immediate and robust response observed after DNA damage.
Memorize, Then Recall: A Generative Framework for Low Bit-Rate Surveillance Video Compression (2020)

Surveillance video applications grow dramatically in public safety and daily life, which often detect and recognize moving objects inside video signals. Existing surveillance video compression schemes are still based on traditional hybrid coding frameworks handling temporal redundancy by block-wise motion compensation mechanism, lacking the extraction and utilization of inherent structure information. In this paper, we alleviate this issue by decomposing surveillance video signals into the structure of a global spatio-temporal feature (memory) and skeleton for each frame (clue). The memory is abstracted by a recurrent neural network across Group of Pictures (GoP) inside one video sequence, representing appearance for elements that appeared inside GoP. While the skeleton is obtained by the specific pose estimator, it served as a clue for recalling memory. In addition, we introduce an attention mechanism to learn the relationships between appearance and skeletons. And we reconstruct each frame with an adversarial training process. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can effectively generate realistic frames from appearance and skeleton accordingly. Compared with the latest video compression standard H.265, it shows much higher compression performance on surveillance video.
<title>High-etch-rate anisotropic deep silicon plasma etching for the fabrication of microsensors</title> (1996)

Dry plasma etching can offer many advantages in the fabrication of MEMS because of its anisotropic etching behavior, high etch rate, and its compatibility with traditional IC processing. A patented high density inductively coupled RFIC plasma source with independent source power and substrate bias control has been developed by Alcatel for deep etching of silicon. With the optimization of hardware and process parameters in a Fluorine based chemistry, processes with silicon etch rate up to 6 micrometers/min, etch uniformity better than +/- 5 percent, Si:SiO<SUB>2</SUB> selectivity of more than 150:1, Si:photoresist selectivity of more than 50:1, etch depths of greater than 250 mm and profile angels of +/- 1 degree have been demonstrated. The silicon etch rate increases with increasing source power and Si:SiO<SUB>2</SUB> selectivity increases with decreasing substrate bias. Substrate temperature can be maintained between -120 to +20 C during processing. The process parameters can be adjusted to give the desired performance for a particular application. Process results obtained at room temperature and at lower temperatures for different applications will be presented. The results indicate that this technology is a promising candidate for micromachining. The tool can be configured for production applications with vacuum loadlock and automated wafer handling.
Diamond-Hexagonal Semiconductor Nanocones with Controllable Apex Angle (2005)

We report on the synthesis of nanostructured and crystalline tapered Si and Ge polyhedra via metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition. These Si and Ge nanocones (SiNCs, GeNCs) possess tips with near-atomic sharpness, micron-scaled bases, hexagonal cross-sections, and controllable apex angles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy and analysis indicate that the SiNCs are of the diamond-hexagonal Si(IV) phase.
Fundamental Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes: Current Understanding and the Related Experimental Studies (2004)

Representing a new class of nanoscale material, carbon nanotubes possess many extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties stemming essentially from their unique geometric and chemical structures. Through more than two decades of extensive theoretical and experimental investigations, our understanding on the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes has greatly improved. The intrinsic mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, such as their stiffness, strength and deformability, have been relatively well studied and understood; and other mechanics-related properties of carbon nanotubes, such as the defect formation, the fracture mechanism, the interface mechanics and the electromechanics, have also being broadly examined and a comprehensive knowledge of them begins to emerge. I review the current status of research on the mechanical study of carbon nanotubes, especially on the experimental study of their fundamental mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus, tensile and shear strength, compressibility and deformability. Selected experimental methods and techniques used for the studies will also be introduced. I conclude the review by discussing the new challenges still facing the mechanical study of carbon nanotubes.
Efficacy of a Novel Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist for Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase IIa Clinical Trial (2017)

This trial assessed the efficacy of MR309 (a novel selective sigma-1 receptor ligand previously developed as E-52862) in ameliorating oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (oxaipn). A discontinuous regimen of MR309 (400 mg/day, 5 days per cycle) was tested in patients with colorectal cancer receiving FOLFOX in a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Outcome measures included changes in 24-week quantitative measures of thermal sensitivity and total neuropathy score. In total, 124 patients were randomized (1:1) to MR309 or placebo. Sixty-three (50.8%) patients withdrew prematurely before completing 12 planned oxaliplatin cycles. Premature withdrawal because of cancer progression was less frequent in the MR309 group (7.4% vs 25.0% with placebo; p = 0.054). MR309 significantly reduced cold pain threshold temperature [mean treatment effect difference (SE) vs placebo: 5.29 (1.60)°C; p = 0.001] and suprathreshold cold stimulus-evoked pain intensity [mean treatment effect difference: 1.24 (0.57) points; p = 0.032]. Total neuropathy score, health-related quality-of-life measures, and nerve-conduction parameters changed similarly in both arms, whereas the proportion of patients with severe chronic neuropathy (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events ≥ 3) was significantly lower in the MR309 group (3.0% vs 18.2% with placebo; p = 0.046). The total amount of oxaliplatin delivered was greater in the active arm (1618.9 mg vs 1453.8 mg with placebo; p = 0.049). Overall, 19.0% of patients experienced at least 1 treatment-related adverse event (25.8% and 11.9% with MR309 and placebo, respectively). Intermittent treatment with MR309 was associated with reduced acute oxaipn and higher oxaliplatin exposure, and showed a potential neuroprotective role for chronic cumulative oxaipn. Furthermore, MR309 showed an acceptable safety profile.
DNA fragmentation and apoptosis induced by safranal in human prostate cancer cell line (2013)

Our preclinical study demonstrated a prostate cancer cell line to be highly sensitive to safranal-mediated growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death. Although the molecular mechanisms of safranal action are not clearly understood, it appears to have potential as a therapeutic agent.
Context-Specific Adaptation of Gravity-Dependent Vestibular Reflex Responses (1999)

Stabilization of the eyes and head during body movements is important for maintaining balance and keeping the images of objects stationary on our retinas. Impairment of this ability can lead to disorientation and reduced performance in sensorimotor tasks such as piloting of spacecraft. In the absence of a normal earth gravity field, the dynamics of head stabilization, and the interpretation of vestibular signals that sense gravity and linear acceleration, are subject to change. Transitions between different gravitoinertial force environments - as during different phases of space flight - provide an extreme test of the adaptive mechanisms that maintain these reflexive abilities. It is vitally important to determine human adaptive capabilities in such a circumstance, so that we can know to what extent the sensorimotor skills acquired in one gravity environment will transfer to others. Our work lays the foundation for understanding these capabilities, and for determining how we can aid the processes of adaptation and readaptation. An integrated set of experiments addresses this issue. We use the general approach of adapting some type of reflexive eye movement (saccades, the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (AVOR), the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR)), or the vestibulo-collic reflex (VCR), to a particular change in gain or phase in one condition of gravitoiner-tial force, and adapting to a different gain or phase (or asking for no change) in a second gravitoinertial force condition, and then seeing if the gravitoinertial force itself - the context cue - can recall the previously learned adapted responses. The majority of the experiments in the laboratory use the direction of vertical gaze or the direction of gravity (head tilt) as the context cue. This allows us to study context-specificity in a ground-based setting. One set of experiments, to be performed in parabolic flight, specifically uses the magnitude of gravitoinertial force as a context cue. This is a much better analog of the situation encountered in space flight. Various experiments investigate the behavioral properties, neurophysiological basis, and anatomical substrate of context-specific learning mechanisms. We use otolith (gravity) signals as the contextual cue for switching between adapted states of the saccadic system, the angular and linear vestibulo-ocular reflexes, and the VCR. (By LVOR we mean the oculomotor response - horizontal, vertical, and torsional - to linear translation of the head and body.) We are studying the effect of context on adaptation of saccade gain, phase and gain of the AVOR and LVOR, on ocular counterrolling (OCR) in response to static head tilt, and on head/neck reflexes (VCR) in response to rotation in different orientations. Such research is particularly germane to potential problems of postural and oculomotor control upon exposure to different gravitational environments.
A cluster of constitutive mutations affecting the C-terminus of the Redox-sensitive SoxR transcriptional activator (1994)

Activation of Escherichia coli oxidative stress regulon genes (sodA, zwf, fumC, nfo, etc.) is mediated by a two-stage regulatory system: the redox-sensitive SoxR protein transcriptionally activates the soxS gene, whose product then stimulates transcription of the regulon genes. Previous experiments showed that limited 3' truncation of soxR gene causes constitutive soxRS expression. DNA sequence analysis of the soxR genes from the soxRS-constitutive strains isolated originally (Greenberg et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 6181-6185) revealed that three alleles encode amino acid substitutions or a chain termination clustered near the C-terminus of SoxR. Two other single-amino-acid substitutions in constitutive alleles mapped to the helix-turn-helix motif and to a region of unknown function in the center of the polypeptide, respectively. No constitutive mutation was found within the region encoding the cysteines of the SoxR FeS center, in the soxR or soxS promoters, or in the soxS structural gene. Since an in-frame deletion of just nine SoxR residues (136-144; full-length SoxR = 154 residues) gave rise to a powerful constitutive allele, it appears that a small segment of the SoxR C-terminus maintains the protein in the inactive state. Conservely, an intact C-terminus is evidently not required for gene activation by SoxR.
Performance of a Doppler-aided GPS navigation system for aviation applications under ionospheric scintillation (2008)

in 2002. His research currently focuses on the performance analysis and validation of Doppler-aided GPS carrier-tracking loops. He is also looking into the solutions to the problem of GPS/WAAS performance degradation caused by ionospheric scintillation. Jiwon Seo is a Ph.D. candidate in Aeronautics and
The changing phenotype of microglia from homeostasis to disease (2012)

It has been nearly a century since the early description of microglia by Rio-Hortega; since then many more biological and pathological features of microglia have been recognized. Today, microglia are generally considered to be beneficial to homeostasis at the resting state through their abilities to survey the environment and phagocytose debris. However, when activated microglia assume diverse phenotypes ranging from fully inflamed, which involves the release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, to alternatively activated, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines or neurotrophins, the consequences to neurons can range from detrimental to supportive. Due to the different experimental sets and conditions, contradictory results have been obtained regarding the controversial question of whether microglia are "good" or "bad." While it is well understood that the dual roles of activated microglia depend on specific situations, the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unclear, and the interpretation of certain findings related to diverse microglial phenotypes continues to be problematic. In this review we discuss the functions of microglia in neuronal survival and neurogenesis, the crosstalk between microglia and surrounding cells, and the potential factors that could influence the eventual manifestation of microglia.
Enhanced parallel implementation of the K-Means clustering algorithm (2016)

K-Means is one of the major clustering algorithms thanks to its simplicity and performance. Also, clustering is widely used in several applications that involve image processing, machine intelligence and others. This work discusses an enhanced parallel implementation of K-Means clustering using Cilk Plus and OpenMP on the CPU and CUDA on the GPU. The results are presented for different datasets and images of varying data sizes with concentration on relatively large data. Different numbers of features and clusters are also considered.
COMPARISON OF THE ORIGINAL AMSLER GRID WITH THE MODIFIED AMSLER GRID (2005)

For patients with macular diseases, use of the original Amsler grid (white lines on a black background) should be recommended. This is particularly important for patients with visual acuity of 0.5 or better.
Chromosome silencing mechanisms in X-chromosome inactivation: unknown unknowns (2011)

Fifty years ago, Mary Lyon hypothesised that one of the two X chromosomes in female mammalian cells is inactivated at random during early embryogenesis and that the inactive X is then stably maintained through all subsequent cell divisions. Although Lyon's hypothesis is now widely regarded as fact, we should not forget that her conceptual leap met with considerable resistance from the scientific establishment at the time - a common response to new ideas. Taking this point as a theme, I discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of chromosome silencing in X-chromosome inactivation and focus on topics where new findings are challenging the prevailing view.