gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth Provisioning and Capacity Planning Tools (2006)

Bandwidth provisioning is an important issue for Internet service providers (ISPs) and ensuring quality of service (QoS) is a major concern. QoS is closely related to the available bandwidth which itself is subject to financial constraints. Unfortunately, up to now there have been no adequate tools available in the market so that ISPs can do accurate bandwidth provisioning. In this paper, we describe the software tools developed by GRETI for that purpose. These tools provide several calculators for voice over IP and data traffic
A haptic-based, safety-oriented, braking assistance system for road bicycles (2017)

This paper presents a novel haptic support system for braking control in road bicycles. The basic idea is to provide a direct indication of the wheel deceleration to the rider in form of a brake lever vibration. The more intense the vibration, the closer the rider is to the threshold safe deceleration. This enables an efficient information transfer and an easy, safe deceleration. The paper presents the rationale and the proposed system. The performance is assessed through a number of experimental tests, showing that the presence of the haptic feedback enables the rider to brake more safely and more consistently than without haptic feedback.
A Tale of Three Runtimes (2014)

This contribution discusses the automatic generation of event-driven, tuple-space based programs for task-oriented execution models from a sequential C specification. We developed a hierarchical mapping solution using auto-parallelizing compiler technology to target three different runtimes relying on event-driven tasks (EDTs). Our solution benefits from the important observation that loop types encode short, transitive relations among EDTs that are compact and efficiently evaluated at runtime. In this context, permutable loops are of particular importance as they translate immediately into conservative point-to-point synchronizations of distance 1. Our solution generates calls into a runtime-agnostic C++ layer, which we have retargeted to Intel's Concurrent Collections (CnC), ETI's SWARM, and the Open Community Runtime (OCR). Experience with other runtime systems motivates our introduction of support for hierarchical async-finishes in CnC. Experimental data is provided to show the benefit of automatically generated code for EDT-based runtimes as well as comparisons across runtimes.
Tapped SAW delay line using LiNbO3 coupled to a CdS bulk-wave amplifier (1976)

Piezoelectric leaky wave coupling of a LiNbO3 surface acoustic wave (SAW) to a CdS bulk wave is reported. A tapped SAW delay line is constructed using a CdS bulk-wave amplifier weakly coupled across an air gap to a yz LiNbO3 SAW delay line. Insertion loss of the tapped delay line with untuned IDT’s is 19 dB. Leaky wave coupling contributes only 1 dB to the insertion loss. Additional delayed pulses 2.5 dB larger than the SAW are easily achieved.
Simplified production of spatial inverse filters (1978)

A logarithmic nonlinearity in the transmittance-versus-exposure curve of a photographic material can greatly simplify holographic fabrication of inverse filters. We present here two filter-production methods utilizing this non-linearity, which produce relatively high-dynamic-range inverse filters. Confirming computer simulations and coherent-optical experiments are presented.
Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus (2017)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses. In this review, we provide a summary of available information about commonly used diagnostic approaches for the detection of BLV infection, including both serological and viral genome-based methods. We also outline genotyping methods used for the phylogenetic analysis of BLV, including PCR restriction length polymorphism and modern DNA sequencing-based methods. In addition, detailed epidemiological information on the prevalence of BLV in cattle worldwide is presented. Finally, we summarize the various BLV genotypes identified by the phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome and env gp51 sequences of BLV strains in different countries and discuss the distribution of BLV genotypes worldwide.
Model predictive control of nested neutral point clamped (NNPC) converter (2014)

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for a nested neutral point clamped (NNPC) converter. The NNPC converter is a four-level topology that is very attractive for medium-voltage (MV) applications. This is because it has less number of components in compare to other classic four-level topologies. In this paper, the MPC strategy is developed for the NNPC converter to control output currents and voltages of flying capacitors. First, a discrete-time model of the converters is presented and then all the control objectives are formulated in terms of the switching states. The cost function is defined to express the control goals. The best switching state will be chosen to minimize the cost function and the selected switching state will be applied to the converter during next sampling interval. Performance of the proposed control strategy is investigated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for different operating conditions.
SEPARATION of CHOLESTEROL FROM BUTTEROIL USING QUILLAJA SAPONINS. II. EFFECTS of TEMPERATURE, AGITATION and CONCENTRATION of QUILLAJA SOLUTION (1993)

The separation of cholesterol from butteroil was achieved by various processes based on contacting it with aqueous solutions of Quillaja saponaria saponins followed by separation of the cholesterol‐saponin complex. Alternative processes and controls studied were (1) Water Control (W): butteroil was contacted with pure water; (2) Reaction (R): butteroil was contacted with aqueous solution of saponins; (3) Adsorption Control (A): butteroil was contacted with water, diatomaceous earth was then added; (4) Reaction + Adsorption (R+A): diatomaceous earth was added to the Reaction medium (from 2); (5) Reaction + Washing (R+W): the aqueous phase resulting from Reaction (2) was discarded and pure water contacted with the fat. the last step in all the above processes and controls was the separation of the fat phase, after which analyses were made. ANOVA indicated that the Adsorption Control process did not yield any significant cholesterol reduction over the Water Control; all other processes resulted in significant cholesterol separation in the order R+A > R+W > R. the levels of cholesterol reduction achieved by the R, R+W, and R+A processes were significantly affected by the concentration of quillaja solution and temperature; the level of agitation had no significant effect over the range investigated. Quillaja powder residue was present in the fat phase after Reaction (2) but both adsorption and washing procedures significantly reduced it.
A uranium thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production (2010)

A modelling and experimental effort has identified a new uranium thermochemical cycle (UTC) for the production of hydrogen from water. The peak temperature within the cycle is below 700°C – a temperature achievable with existing high temperature nuclear reactors and some solar systems using commercially available materials. This paper describes the new process and some of the experimental work. It is an early report of chemical feasibility. Much work will be required to determine engineering and economic viability.
Fast public-key watermarking of compressed video (2002)

Most watermarking techniques for images and video techniques involve a private key, for example a pseudo-noise signal, which is required for retrieval of the watermark information. This key is typically not public, because publication of the key would give rise to attacks on the watermark. In practical systems, however, watermarking techniques are required that enable public decoding of the watermark. In this paper, an extension of spread-spectrum watermarking is presented which enables public decoding and verification of the watermark, without at the same time giving the possibility of removing the watermark. The underlying idea, is to make only parts of the pseudo-noise key public. The scheme can be combined with a fast compressed-domain embedding technique to facilitate on-the-fly compressed-domain public-key watermarking.
Synthesis of Super-Hard Materials by Direct Conversion Sintering under High Pressure and High Temperature and Their Mechanical Properties (2012)

Single-phase (binderless) super-hard polycrystalline cBN and polycrystalline diamond have been successfully synthesized by direct conversion sintering from high-purity hBN and graphite, respectively, under static high pressure and at high temperature. The polycrystalline cBN synthesized at ≥7.7GPa and 2200-2400°C consists of homogeneous fine grains of <0.5μm. The polycrystalline diamond synthesized at ≥15GPa and 2200-2400°C reveals a homogeneous fine structure comprised of very small diamond grains of several tens of nanometers. The polycrystalline cBN and polycrystalline diamond have considerably higher hardnesses than those of their single crystals. The transverse rupture strengths (TRSs) are much higher than those of conventional polycrystalline cBN and diamond containing binder and show a positive temperature dependence above 800-1000°C where the TRSs of conventional polycrystals are rather deteriorated. The fine microstructure without any secondary phases and excellent mechanical properties of the polycrystalline cBN and diamond thus fabricated are promising for next-generation high-precision and high-efficiency cutting tools.
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors and/ or Epoxyeicosatrianoic Acids Attenuate Hyperalgesia and Allodynia in a Rat Model (2006)

Analgesic compounds have wide applications for pain control in human and animal health. In mammals arachidonic acid metabolized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases yields epoxy‐eicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are further metabolized by a critical and unique enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. EETs are known to be endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor candidates, and can decrease inflammatory responses, along with the associated sickness behavior. We presently demonstrate that inhibition of sEH, which increases the physiological concentration of EETs, reverses behavioral hyperalgesia by as much as 69±4% in an inflammatory pain model through a poorly‐understood mechanism. We also show that delivery of exogenous EETs into the skin alone, or in combination with a sEH inhibitor produces significant analgesic effects. Thus, inhibitors of sEH, and/or EET application may represent novel treatment strategies for inflammatory conditions that cause pain and itch.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation and Purification of Cacao (<i>Theobroma cacao </i>L<i>.</i>) Procyanidins According to Degree of Polymerization Using a Diol Stationary Phase (2006)

A new chromatographic approach for separating cacao procyanidins according to their degree of polymerization has been developed. It utilizes diol stationary phase columns operating in normal phase mode with a binary gradient of acidified acetonitrile and methanol-water. Performance of the diol stationary phase was evaluated on an analytical scale utilizing classical chromatographic conditions for the normal phase separation of procyanidins according to their degree of polymerization. The new separation approach was developed on an analytical scale but further extended to the preparative scale. These newly developed analytical and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography procedures were successfully applied to the separation, as well as isolation, of cacao procyanidins from unfermented cacao seeds. The degree of polymerization associated with each molecular weight fraction was determined by mass spectrometry.
Self-Assembly and Luminescence of Oligo(<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylene) Amphiphiles (2004)

We have synthesized a series of amphiphilic molecules consisting of oligo(phenylene vinylene) (OPV) asymmetrically end-substituted with a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment and a hydrophobic alkyl chain. This amphiphilic structure induces self-assembly into both thermotropic and lyotropic lamellar liquid crystalline (LC) phases. The molecules form strongly fluorescent, self-supporting gels in both water and polar organic solvents, even at high concentrations on the order of 30 wt %. These self-assembled structures have been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Photoluminescence (PL) is influenced by the structure of the material, with enhanced emission in the LC state due to assembly of the chromophore in confined two-dimensional layers. Self-assembly controlling molecular aggregation at the nanoscale could significantly improve the performance of OPV-based materials in optoelectronic devices.
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Enterobacter sp. SA187, a Plant Multi-Stress Tolerance Promoting Endophytic Bacterium (2017)

<i>Enterobacter</i> sp. SA187 is an endophytic bacterium that has been isolated from root nodules of the indigenous desert plant <i>Indigofera argentea</i>. SA187 could survive in the rhizosphere as well as in association with different plant species, and was able to provide abiotic stress tolerance to <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. The genome sequence of SA187 was obtained by using Pacific BioScience (PacBio) single-molecule sequencing technology, with average coverage of 275X. The genome of SA187 consists of one single 4,429,597 bp chromosome, with an average 56% GC content and 4,347 predicted protein coding DNA sequences (CDS), 153 ncRNA, 7 rRNA, and 84 tRNA. Functional analysis of the SA187 genome revealed a large number of genes involved in uptake and exchange of nutrients, chemotaxis, mobilization and plant colonization. A high number of genes were also found to be involved in survival, defense against oxidative stress and production of antimicrobial compounds and toxins. Moreover, different metabolic pathways were identified that potentially contribute to plant growth promotion. The information encoded in the genome of SA187 reveals the characteristics of a dualistic lifestyle of a bacterium that can adapt to different environments and promote the growth of plants. This information provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant-microbe interaction and could be further exploited to develop SA187 as a biological agent to improve agricultural practices in marginal and arid lands.
<title>Video compression algorithm with adaptive bit allocation and quantization</title> (1991)

The emerging ISO MPEG video compression standard is a hybrid algorithm which employs motion compensation, spatial discrete cosine transforms, quantization, and Huffman coding. The MPEG standard specifies the syntax of the compressed data stream and the method of decoding, hut leaves considerable latitude in the design of the encoder. Although the algorithm is geared toward fixed-bit- rate storage media, the rules for bit rate control allow a good deal of variation in the number of bits allocated to each picture. In addition, the allocation of bits within a picture is subject to no rules whatsoever. One would like to design an encoder that optimizes visual quality of the decoded video sequence subject to these bit rate restrictions. However, this is difficult due to the elusive nature of a quantitative distortion measure for images and motion sequences that correlates well with human perception. This paper describes an MPEG encoder designed to produce good quality coded sequences for a wide range of video source characteristics and over a range of bit rates. The novel parts of the algorithm include a temporal bit allocation strategy, spatially adaptive quantization, and a bit rate control scheme.
Practical Synthesis of Anti-Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>Aureus</i> (MRSA) Carbapenem L-742,728 (1998)

Anti-MRSA carbapenem, L-742,728, has been prepared in large quantity using the Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling as the key reaction. Three approaches have been examined by varying the coupling reaction between carbapenem nucleus A and side chains B, BC, and BCD, wherein BCD represents the fully elaborated side chain. The coupling of A with BCD offers the advantage of convergence and requires fewer chemical steps after installation of the thermally unstable carbapenem skeleton. This key reaction highlights the versatility and efficiency of the Suzuki−Miyaura reaction. This approach offers a general method for the preparation of the 3-aryl carbapenems, which possess strong antibacterial activity against resistant strains.
Acoustic holography as a metrological tool for characterizing medical ultrasound sources and fields (2015)

Acoustic holography is a powerful technique for characterizing ultrasound sources and the fields they radiate, with the ability to quantify source vibrations and reduce the number of required measurements. These capabilities are increasingly appealing for meeting measurement standards in medical ultrasound; however, associated uncertainties have not been investigated systematically. Here errors associated with holographic representations of a linear, continuous-wave ultrasound field are studied. To facilitate the analysis, error metrics are defined explicitly, and a detailed description of a holography formulation based on the Rayleigh integral is provided. Errors are evaluated both for simulations of a typical therapeutic ultrasound source and for physical experiments with three different ultrasound sources. Simulated experiments explore sampling errors introduced by the use of a finite number of measurements, geometric uncertainties in the actual positions of acquired measurements, and uncertainties in the properties of the propagation medium. Results demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of keeping errors less than about 1%. Typical errors in physical experiments were somewhat larger, on the order of a few percent; comparison with simulations provides specific guidelines for improving the experimental implementation to reduce these errors. Overall, results suggest that holography can be implemented successfully as a metrological tool with small, quantifiable errors.
Polynomial transform implementation of digital filter banks (1983)

This paper investigates the use of polynomial transforms for the implementation of uniform digital bandpass filter banks. The technique is based upon a decomposition of the N bandpass filters into a set of real polyphase filters followed by a DCT (discrete cosine transform) of size N. The DCT is converted into a DFT (discrete Fourier transform) of size N and the polyphase filters are evaluated by DFT's. This procedure yields a two-dimensional DFT which is computed by a polynomial transform and odd DFT's. We show that this technique reduces significantly the number of arithmetic operations when compared to conventional methods, and yields a regular structure in which most of the computations are performed with FFT-type algorithms.
An L-band monolithic InAs/InP quantum dot mode-locked laser with femtosecond pulses (2009)

We have developed an InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) gain material using a double cap growth procedure and GaP sublayer to tune QDs into the L-band. By using it, a passive L-band mode-locked laser with pulse duration of 445 fs at the repetition rate of 46 GHz was demonstrated. The 3-dB linewidth of the RF spectrum is less than 100 KHz. The lasing threshold injection current is 24 mA with an external differential quantum efficiency of 22% and an average output power of 27 mW. The relationship between pulse duration and 3-dB spectral bandwidth as a function of injection current was investigated.
Targeting Localized Immune Suppression Within the Tumor Through Repeat Cycles of Immune Cell-oncolytic Virus Combination Therapy (2010)

A major limitation to the use of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer has been the localized immune suppressive environment within the tumor. Although there is evidence that tumor-selective (oncolytic) viruses may help to overcome this immune suppression, a primary limitation to their use has been limited systemic delivery potential, especially in the face of antiviral immunity. We recently demonstrated that tumor-trafficking immune cells can efficiently deliver oncolytic viral therapies to their tumor targets. These cells act as both a therapeutic agent and also a carrier vehicle for the oncolytic virus. Here, we demonstrate that such delivery is also possible in the face of pre-existing antiviral immunity, so overcoming the limited systemic delivery of naked, cell-free virus. It was also found that treatment of previously immunized mice or repeat treatments leading to immunization resulted in a switch from a primarily oncolytic to an immunotherapeutic mechanism of action. Furthermore, repeat cycles of treatment with combination immune cell-viral therapy resulted in increased tumor infiltration of effector T-cells and a general reduction in the levels of known immune suppressive lymphocyte populations. This therefore represents a novel and effective means to overcome localized immune suppression within the tumor microenvironment.
DEFT: Direct electronic Fourier transforms of optical images (1974)

A family of novel devices for electronic imaging is described and several different realizations age presented. Direct electronic Fourier transform (DEFT) cameras employ coupling between surface strain waves, the image intensity, and electrical charge to produce electronic signals representing the spatial Fourier transform of the image at a single pair of terminals. This signal can be easily processed to accomplish pattern recognition, all-electronic image magnification (zoom) and stabilization, motion detection, and focusing. Reproduction of the image is expected to be accomplished by a light valve employing strain-induced modulation of uniform light. Experimental results for light intensity variation in one dimension are reviewed for a silicon chip bulk acoustic wave camera and for a CdS surface wave camera. Some preliminary results are also reported for a fused quartz elastobirefringent light valve image reconstruction device.
Unburned Carbon from Fly Ash for Mercury Adsorption: I. Separation and Characterization of Unburned Carbon (2002)

In searching for a low cost adsorbent for mercury removal from flue gas, this study focuses on the utilization of unburned carbons from fly ash as the substitute material for the costly activated carbons. In this first paper of the series, various separation technologies are introduced for the extraction of unburned carbon from different sources of fly ash. The unburned carbons have been efficiently separated from clean ash, which is a value-added product for the concrete industry, with the separation technologies such as gravity separation, electrostatic separation, and froth flotation. Carbon concentrate with a LOI (Loss On Ignition) value of 67~80% has been generated from the processes. Characterization of the carbon products has been performed to determine the physical and chemical properties of the material. It has been found that the unburned carbon particles had a porous structure, which is similar to the activated carbon. The BET surface area of these materials was in a range of 25~58m 2 /g. The majority of the pores are in the range of macropore, and some parts of the surface were embedded with glass spheres. There is a linear relationship between the LOI value and the carbon and sulfur content in the carbon concentrate. Chemical analysis indicated that the mercury content in unburned carbon was much higher than the other separation products, which suggests that the carbon has certain ability to capture mercury from flue gas.