gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low switching energy and scaling in electric-field-controlled nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions with high resistance-area product (2016)

We report electric-field-induced switching with write energies down to 6 fJ/bit for switching times of 0.5 ns, in nanoscale perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with high resistance-area product and diameters down to 50 nm. The ultra-low switching energy is made possible by a thick MgO barrier that ensures negligible spin-transfer torque contributions, along with a reduction of the Ohmic dissipation. We find that the switching voltage and time are insensitive to the junction diameter for high-resistance MTJs, a result accounted for by a macrospin model of purely voltage-induced switching. The measured performance enables integration with same-size CMOS transistors in compact memory and logic integrated circuits.
Doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer (2004)

The standard Capon beamformer (SCB) is known to have better resolution and much better interference rejection capability than the standard data-independent beamformer when the array steering vector is accurately known. However, the major problem of SCB is that it lacks robustness in the presence of array steering vector errors. In this paper, we provide a natural extension of SCB, obtained via covariance matrix fitting, to the case of uncertain steering vectors by enforcing a double constraint on the array steering vector, viz. a constant norm constraint and a spherical uncertainty set constraint, which we refer to as the doubly constrained robust Capon beamformer (DCRCB). DCRCB can be efficiently computed at a comparable cost with that of SCB. Performance comparisons of DCRCB and our previously proposed robust Capon beamformer (RCB) are also presented via a number of numerical examples.
A Magneto-Optical Disk for Readout Using Circular Dichroism Effect (1990)

A magneto-optical disk for readout based on the circular dichroism effect was investigated. Making use of this effect, the optical head construction can be simplified, because recorded bits are directly detected as the change in intensity of reflected light. We studied multilayer structure films as a means of enhancing the circular dichroism, and identified as promising a four-layer magneto-optical medium consisting of AlN, GdTbFe, AlN and Al. The readout signal quality was evaluated using an optical head, and a C/N ratio of 45 dB was achieved at a bit length of 1.3 μm.
A method for color naming and description of color composition in images (2003)

Color is one of the main visual cues and has been frequently used in image processing, analysis and retrieval. The extraction of high-level color descriptors is an increasingly important problem, as these descriptions often provide link to image content. When combined with image segmentation color naming can be used to select objects by color, describe the appearance of the image and even generate semantic annotations. For example, regions labeled as light blue and strong green may represent sky and grass, vivid colors are typically found in man-made objects, and modifiers such as brownish, grayish and dark convey the impression of the atmosphere in the scene. This paper presents a computational model for color categorization, naming and extraction of color composition. In this work we start from the National Bureau of Standards recommendation for color names, and through subjective experiments develop our color vocabulary and syntax. Next, to attach the color name to an arbitrary input color, we design a perceptually based color naming metric. Finally, we extend the method and develop a scheme for extracting the color composition of a complex image. The algorithm follows the relevant neurophysiological findings and studies on human color categorization. In testing the method the known color regions in different color spaces were identified accurately, the color names assigned to randomly selected colors agreed with human judgments, and the color composition extracted from natural images was consistent with human observations.
Formation of pH‐Resistant Monodispersed Polymer–Lipid Nanodiscs (2017)

Polymer lipid nanodiscs are an invaluable system for structural and functional studies of membrane proteins in their near-native environment. Despite the recent advances in the development and usage of polymer lipid nanodisc systems, lack of control over size and poor tolerance to pH and divalent metal ions are major limitations for further applications. A facile modification of a low-molecular-weight styrene maleic acid copolymer is demonstrated to form monodispersed lipid bilayer nanodiscs that show ultra-stability towards divalent metal ion concentration over a pH range of 2.5 to 10. The macro-nanodiscs (>20 nm diameter) show magnetic alignment properties that can be exploited for high-resolution structural studies of membrane proteins and amyloid proteins using solid-state NMR techniques. The new polymer, SMA-QA, nanodisc is a robust membrane mimetic tool that offers significant advantages over currently reported nanodisc systems.
Characterization of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) for Use in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies Against Prostate Cancer (2002)

Abstract : Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) appears to be an ideal prostate cancer marker and potential therapeutic target, however there have been reports of PSMA expression in non-prostatic tissues, including brain, kidney and liver. Such expression of PSMA could weaken the potential of the gene as a prostate cancer marker or at least produce confusing and conflicting data. Prior to this project, we had demonstrated that there was another human gene, 97% identical to PSMA, which we termed the PSMA-Like gene. The first aim of this project was to characterize the differences between the non-prostatic and prostatic forms of PSMA and to determine strategies to specifically target PSMA expressed in prostate or prostate tumors. The second aim of the project was to define the minimal regulatory regions of the PSMA gene, for future utilization in gene therapy strategies, by analyzing deletion constructs of the gene regulatory regions. To date we have cloned and characterized the PSMA-Like gene, and determined ways of distinguishing the two genes at the DNA, RNA and protein levels which will aid in designing new diagnostic and therapeutic anti-prostate cancer strategies. In addition, we have characterized the promoter and enhancer region of PSMA, and developed gene therapy vectors that specifically kill human prostate cancer tumors growing in mice.
Image similarity search with compact data structures (2004)

The recent theoretical advances on compact data structures (also called "sketches") have raised the question of whether they can effectively be applied to content-based image retrieval systems. The main challenge is to derive an algorithm that achieves high-quality similarity searches while using compact metadata. This paper proposes a new similarity search method consisting of three parts. The first is a new region feature representation with weighted $=<i></i><inf>1</inf> distance function, and EMD* match, an improved EMD match, to compute image similarity. The second is a thresholding and transformation algorithm to convert feature vectors into very compact data structures. The third is an EMD embedding based filtering method to speed up the query process. We have implemented a prototype system with the proposed method and performed experiments with a 10,000 image database. Our results show that the proposed method can achieve more effective similarity searches than previous approaches with metadata 3 to 72 times more compact than previous systems. The experiments also show that our EMD embedding based filtering technique can speed up the query process by a factor of 5 or more with little loss in query effectiveness.
Influenza A virus NS1 protein activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway by direct interaction with the p85 subunit of PI3K (2006)

Influenza A virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, but the mechanism is not clear. Here, it is reported that influenza A virus NS1 protein is responsible for PI3K/Akt pathway activation. It was demonstrated that the NS1 protein interacts with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K via direct binding to the SH3 and C-terminal SH2 domains of p85. Consensus binding motifs for SH3 and SH2 domains were found in influenza A virus NS1, namely an SH2-binding motif (YXXXM) at aa 89, SH3-binding motif 1 (PXXP) around aa 164 and SH3-binding motif 2 around aa 212. Mutant virus encoding NS1 protein with mutations in the SH-binding motifs failed to interact with SH domains of p85 and did not activate the PI3K/Akt pathway. The mutant virus is attenuated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Our study has established a novel function of NS1: by interacting with p85 via the SH-binding motifs, NS1 can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Fabrication technology for thin film silicon hybrid solar cells and modules (2010)

The fabrication process technology for thin film silicon hybrid solar cells and their performance are reviewed. We developed a new light trapping scheme for multi-junction cells and modules, where transparent inter-layer is inserted between amorphous Si and thin film crystalline Si. An initial aperture efficiency of 13.4% has been achieved for a 910×455mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> size module with this inter-layer, and this HYBRID PLUS module is in production with size of 1200×1000mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The improvement of the performance for the HYBRID module in outdoor conditions will be also discussed from the viewpoint of the device design of the component cells. We also developed new infra-red absorbing layer to utilize long wavelength light for photovoltaic conversion.
The status of low dose rate and future of high dose rate Cf-252 brachytherapy (1997)

This work describes the current status of the US low dose rate (LDR) Cf-252 brachytherapy program. The efforts undertaken towards development of a high dose rate (HDR) remotely after loaded Cf-252 source, which can accommodate 1 mg or greater Cf-252, are also described. This HDR effort is a collaboration between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), commercial remote after loader manufactures, the Gershenson Radiation Oncology Center (ROC), and Wayne State University. To achieve this goal, several advances in isotope chemistry and source preparation at ORNL must be achieved to yield a specific material source loading of greater than or equal 1 mg Cf-252 per mm3. Development work with both radioactive and non-radioactive stand-ins for Cf-252 have indicated the feasibility of fabricating such sources. As a result, the decreased catheter diameter and computer controlled source placement will permit additional sites (e.g. brain, breast, prostate, lung, parotid, etc.) to be treated effectively with Cf-252 sources. Additional work at the Radiochemical Engineering and Development Center (REDC) remains in source fabrication, after loader modification, and safe design. The current LDR Cf-252 Treatment Suite at the ROC is shielded and licensed to hold up to 1 mg of Cf-252. This was designed to maintain cumulative personnel exposure, both external to the room and in direct isotope handling, at less than 20 microSv/hr. However, cumulative exposure may be greatly decreased if a Cf-252 HDR unit is employed which would eliminate direct isotope handling and decrease treatment times from tilde 3 hours to an expected range of 3 to 15 minutes. Such a Cf-252 HDR source will also demonstrate improved dose distributions over current LDR treatments due to the ability to step the point-like source throughout the target volume and weight the dwell time accordingly.
Privacy-preserving functional IP verification utilizing fully homomorphic encryption (2015)

Intellectual Property (IP) verification is a crucial component of System-on-Chip (SoC) design in the modern IC design business model. Given a globalized supply chain and an increasing demand for IP reuse, IP theft has become a major concern for the IC industry. In this paper, we address the trust issues that arise between IP owners and IP users during the functional verification of an IP core. Our proposed scheme ensures the privacy of IP owners and users, by a) generating a privacy-preserving version of the IP, which is functionally equivalent to the original design, and b) employing homomorphically encrypted input vectors. This allows the functional verification to be securely outsourced to a third-party, or to be executed by either parties, while revealing the least possible information regarding the test vectors and the IP core. Experiments on both combinational and sequential benchmark circuits demonstrate up to three orders of magnitude IP verification slowdown, due to the computationally intensive fully homomorphic operations, for different security parameter sizes.
Bit error rate performance of OFDM in narrowband interference with excision filtering (2006)

The effect of narrowband interference on OFDM systems is considered, with particular regard to the receiver post-detection bit error rate performance. It is shown both by analysis and by computer simulation that the ensemble average bit error rate is severely affected by narrowband interference and that particular values of interferer carrier frequency and phase can produce bit error rates significantly higher than the ensemble average. An interference suppression technique based on excision (notch) filtering is proposed and is shown by computer simulation to improve ensemble average bit error rates to about 0.001 for BPSK modulated OFDM with signal-to-interference ratios as low as -30 dB
Aberration correction and desensitization of an inverse-triplet object lens (1998)

Many objective lenses designed for very high volume production now typically contain aspherical surfaces. One such example is an aspherized version of the traditional Cooke triplet. While these aspherical designs are better than their antecedents, the basic design limitations, astigmatism and manufacturing sensitivities, remain. An inverse triplet having a negative, positive, negative configuration and aspherical surfaces has no all-spherical counterparts, but instead depends on the aspheres to correct the primary aberrations. If a sufficient number of surfaces are aspherical, there are more degrees of freedom than required for aberration correction, so the lens can be optimized to reduce the manufacturing sensitivities by reducing the amount of aberration correction contribution by an individual element.
Expressionof Unmodified Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Glycoprotein-Coding SequencesLeads to Cryptic Intron Excision and Cell Surface Expression of E1/E2Heterodimers Comprising Full-Length and Partially DeletedE1 (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The viral envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, appear to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where viral budding is thought to occur. Surprisingly, we found that the expression system used to generate HCV envelope glycoproteins influences their subcellular localization and processing. These findings have important implications for optimizing novel HCV fusion and entry assays as well as for budding and virus particle formation.
Perpendicular magnetic Fe-Sn-O films (1986)

Iron oxide based thin films containing Sn prepared by RF sputtering have been found to have sufficient perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to be usable for perpendicular magnetic recording media. The perpendicular anisotropy field is 4.3 kOe, the magnetization is 310 emu/cc, the coercive force with field perpendicular to the film plane is 800 Oe and the ratio of parallel to perpendicular residual magnetization is 0.5 for a Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.458</inf> Sn <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.088</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.454</inf> film.
An acquisition system that extracts the earth response from seismic data (2011)

Abstract Gregg Parkes and Stian Hegna focus on new developments in source technology for marine seismic acquisition aimed at removing all the acquisition-related effects.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Background Modeling (2017)

The Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a spatiotemporal matrix decomposition method capable of background modeling in video streams. DMD is a regression technique that integrates Fourier transforms and singular value decomposition. Innovations in compressed sensing allow for a scalable and rapid decomposition of video streams that scales with the intrinsic rank of the matrix, rather than the size of the actual video. Our results show that the quality of the resulting background model is competitive, quantified by the F-measure, recall and precision. A GPU (graphics processing unit) accelerated implementation is also possible allowing the algorithm to operate efficiently on streaming data. In addition, it is possible to leverage the native compressed format of many data streams, such as HD video and computational physics codes that are represented sparsely in the Fourier domain, to massively reduce data transfer from CPU to GPU and to enable sparse matrix multiplications.
Mining correlation between locations using human location history (2009)

The advance of location-acquisition technologies enables people to record their location histories with spatio-temporal datasets, which imply the correlation between geographical regions. This correlation indicates the relationship between locations in the space of human behavior, and can enable many valuable services, such as sales promotion and location recommendation. In this paper, by taking into account a user's travel experience and the sequentiality locations have been visited, we propose an approach to mine the correlation between locations from a large number of users' location histories. We conducted a personalized location recommendation system using the location correlation, and evaluated this system with a large-scale real-world GPS dataset. As a result, our method outperforms the related work using the Pearson correlation.
Novel reconstruction scheme for cardiac volume imaging with MSCT providing cone correction (2002)

We present a novel reconstruction scheme for cardiac spiral imaging named Adaptive Cardiac Multiple Plane Reconstruction (ACMPR) which takes into account the conical shape of projection data. In cardiac imaging with multi-slice CT continuous data acquisition in spiral mode combined with the parallel acquisition of the patient's ECG enable retrospective gating of data segments for image reconstruction. ACMPR identified projection data segments <EQ(pi) using temporal information of the simultaneously recorded ECG. For each such data segment image stacks of double-oblique segment images are reconstructed and then reformatted to axial images separately. In case of multisector imaging using consecutive heart cycles for image formation the reformatted segment images have to be added to a complete CT image after the reformation step. Image results for multi-slice detector systems using an anthropomorphic computer model of the human heart will be shown. A detailed comparison to algorithms without cone- correction reveals that ACMPR does not lead to significant improvements for 16-slice detector systems but already for a 32-slice system ACMPR provides superior image quality, in particular coronaries and stents are images with less geometrical distortions.
Adjustment of the Power Factor and the Impedance by the Phase of the Flux in a Transformer Circuit (2019)

The conventional equations for a transformer circuit does not take account of phase change of the flux in the magnetic core. The power and the impedance depend on the phase of the flux. The power factor can be adjusted so that the power is delivered more at the load than that supplied by the source, against the law of conservation of energy. The derived equations and experiment show that the law is violated and that the over-unity machine is plausible.
Fumonisin- and AAL-Toxin-Induced Disruption of Sphingolipid Metabolism with Accumulation of Free Sphingoid Bases (1994)

Fumonisins (FB) and AAL-toxin are sphingoid-like compounds produced by several species of fungi associated with plant diseases. In animal cells, both fumonisins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and AAL-toxin produced by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici inhibit ceramide synthesis, an early biochemical event in the animal diseases associated with consumption of F. moniliforme-contaminated corn. In duckweed (Lemna pausicostata Heglem. 6746), tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), and tobacco callus (Nicotiana tabacum cv Wisconsin), pure FB1 or AAL-toxin caused a marked elevation of phytosphingosine and sphinganine, sphingoid bases normally present in low concentrations. The relative increases were quite different in the three plant systems. Nonetheless, disruption of sphingolipid metabolism was clearly a common feature in plants exposed to FB1 or AAL-toxin. Resistant varieties of tomato (Asc/Asc) were much less sensitive to toxin-induced increases in free sphinganine. Because free sphingoid bases are precursors to plant "ceramides," their accumulation suggests that the primary biochemical lesion is inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis and reacylation of free sphingoid bases. Thus, in plants the disease symptoms associated with A. alternata and F. moniliforme infection may be due to disruption of sphingolipid metabolism.
An Approach to Sensor Correlation (2000)

We present an approach to intrusion detection (ID) sensor correlation that considers the problem in three phases: event aggregation, sensor coupling, and meta alert fusion. The approach is well suited to probabilistically based sensors such as EMERALD eBayes. We demonstrate the efficacy of the EMERALD alert thread mechanism, the sensor coupling in eBayes, and a prototype alert fusion capability towards achieving significant functionality in the field of ID sensor correlation.
Positively Charged Sol−Gel Coatings for On-Line Preconcentration of Amino Acids in Capillary Electrophoresis (2003)

A novel on-line method is presented for the extraction and preconcentration of amino acids using a sol-gel-coated column coupled to a conventional UV/visible detector. The presented approach does not require any additional modification of the commercially available standard CE instrument. Extraction, stacking, and focusing techniques were used in the preconcentration procedures. Sol-gel coatings were created by using N-octadecyldimethyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (C18-TMS) in the coating sol solutions. Due to the presence of a positively charged quaternary ammonium moiety in C18-TMS, the resulting sol-gel coating carried a positive charge. For extraction, the pH of the samples was properly adjusted to impart a net negative charge to amino acids. A long plug of the sample was then passed through the sol-gel-coated capillary to facilitate extraction via electrostatic interaction between the positively charged sol-gel coating and the negatively charged amino acid molecules. Focusing of the extracted amino acids was accomplished through desorption of the extracted amino acid molecules carried out by local pH change. Two different methods are described. Both methods showed excellent extraction and preconcentration effects. Preconcentration results obtained on sol-gel-coated columns were compared with the CZE analysis performed on bare fused-silica columns with traditional sample injections. The described procedure provided a 150,000-fold enrichment effect for alanine. The two methods provided acceptable repeatability in terms of both peak height and migration time.