gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Body Composition in Dialysis Patients Using Segmental Bioimpedance (2009)

Accurate estimation of body muscle, fat and fluid volumes in dialysis patients is an important factor to predict outcomes of the disease. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been used to measure extracellular (Re) and intracellular resistance (Ri) with whole body (wBIS) and segmental (sBIS) measurement. 40 stable HD patients (22 m / 18 f, age 54.7 plusmn11 yrs, height (H) 1.67 plusmn 0.94 m, weight (Wt) 77.7 plusmn 17 kg) were studied with wBIS and sBIS compared to the gold standard measurements by MRI and tracer dilution assays (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O and NaBr) pre dialysis. Multiple linear regression models were constructed with body compartment estimates from the gold standard methods as the dependent variables and bioimpedance-derived resistances, Wt, H, and age as independent variables. The results of estimation for fat (r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.96 and r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.91), for muscle (r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.9 and r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.88) and for ECV (r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.73 and r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.59) were from sBIS and wBIS model respectively. In conclusion, the sBIS model is useful to assess body composition in dialysis patients.
Surface driven biomechanical breast image registration (2016)

Biomechanical modelling enables large deformation simulations of breast tissues under different loading conditions to be performed. Such simulations can be utilised to transform prone Magnetic Resonance (MR) images into a different patient position, such as upright or supine. We present a novel integration of biomechanical modelling with a surface registration algorithm which optimises the unknown material parameters of a biomechanical model and performs a subsequent regularised surface alignment. This allows deformations induced by effects other than gravity, such as those due to contact of the breast and MR coil, to be reversed. Correction displacements are applied to the biomechanical model enabling transformation of the original pre-surgical images to the corresponding target position. The algorithm is evaluated for the prone-to-supine case using prone MR images and the skin outline of supine Computed Tomography (CT) scans for three patients. A mean target registration error (TRE) of 10:9 mm for internal structures is achieved. For the prone-to-upright scenario, an optical 3D surface scan of one patient is used as a registration target and the nipple distances after alignment between the transformed MRI and the surface are 10:1 mm and 6:3 mm respectively.
Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Angiogenic Processes in a Time- and Dose-Dependent Manner <i>In Vitro</i> (2009)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received much attention as a potential treatment for myocardial infarction because of their potential to integrate into the host myocardium and repair the injured heart. The mode of action of stem cell-mediated cardiac repair is still somewhat unclear, including the potential role of MSCs in neovascularization. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of MSCs on angiogenesis-related endothelial cell (EC) behavior, including migration, monolayer permeability, and vessel formation and stabilization. In a noncontact coculture system, we found that MSCs increase EC proliferation and migration, promoting early events of angiogenesis, while also decreasing EC monolayer permeability. Further, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, MSCs in direct coculture with ECs on Matrigel can increase the persistence of preexisting vessels by greater than threefold, with complex vessels remaining stable for more than 10 days. The results demonstrate that MSCs play an active role in the cellular processes involved in the formation, stabilization, and maturation of newly formed vessels. Further, these outcomes are not governed solely by either paracrine or direct contact effects and are both time and dose dependent.
Type-1 Diabetes Patient Decision Simulator for In Silico Testing Safety and Effectiveness of Insulin Treatments (2017)

The T1D patient decision simulator can be used to reliably assess novel insulin treatments, e.g., based on use of CGM only, in a realistic multiple-day scenario.
<title>Cross-dispersion infrared spectrometry (CDIRS) for remote chemical sensing</title> (1995)

The advent of high performance infrared detector arrays together with recent advances in coarse grating fabrication now makes possible the design and fabrication of infrared spectrometers that cover the mid-IR atmospheric windows at high resolution with no moving components. For applications involving small sources at large distances this instrument approach can provide a substantial increase in sensitivity over Fourier transform spectrometers at the same resolution and spectral coverage. We describe the design evolution of the LLNL cross dispersive infrared spectrometer (CDIRS) remote chemical sensors operating in the two atmospheric windows from 2.3 microns to 4.2 microns. The spectral and mechanical performance of the first generation 1 meter focal length prototype echelle grating spectrometer (EGS) is presented. A second generation cryogenic (150 K) spectrometer (mini-EGS) utilizes a high dispersion silicon immersion grating to provide a compact design. This instrument will be flown in the winter of 1995 as part of the instrumentation suite for the DOE airborne multisensor pod system (AMPS) effluent research program.
Bottom-up visual attention to salient proto-object regions (2010)

Perceiving natural scenes with multiple objects presents a serious challenge to any visual system. Selective visual attention provides a mechanism for serializing the visual information in order to perceive one object at a time. If no prior knowledge or expectation about the scene is available, attention will be guided from the bottom up by salient image features, computed from low-level image properties. In previous models of saliency-based visual attention from our lab (Koch & Ullman 1985; Itti, Koch & Niebur 1998), attention was guided to salient image locations by a winner-take-all (WTA) neural network operating on a saliency map. However, in order to effectively attend to objects one at a time, it is necessary to know their approximate size and extent before they are recognized. We developed a new version of our model that estimates the approximate extent of attended proto-objects. After computing the saliency map and the most salient location, feedback connections in the hierarchy of maps leading to the saliency map identify the most salient feature at the attended location. The corresponding feature map is segmented around that location using a network of linear threshold units. Our model performs well on natural images, and we present results of successfully using the model to learn and recognize individual objects in highly cluttered scenes. The entire saliency code is available to the community as a Matlab toolbox (http://www.saliencytoolbox.net).
Tissuelike 3D Assemblies of Human Broncho-Epithelial Cells (2010)

Three-dimensional (3D) tissuelike assemblies (TLAs) of human broncho-epithelial (HBE) cells have been developed for use in in vitro research on infection of humans by respiratory viruses. The 2D monolayer HBE cell cultures heretofore used in such research lack the complex cell structures and interactions characteristic of in vivo tissues and, consequently, do not adequately emulate the infection dynamics of in-vivo microbial adhesion and invasion. In contrast, the 3D HBE TLAs are characterized by more-realistic reproductions of the geometrical and functional complexity, differentiation of cells, cell-to-cell interactions, and cell-to-matrix interactions characteristic of human respiratory epithelia. Hence, the 3D HBE TLAs are expected to make it possible to perform at least some of the research in vitro under more-realistic conditions, without need to infect human subjects. The TLAs are grown on collagen-coated cyclodextran microbeads under controlled conditions in a nutrient liquid in the simulated microgravitational environment of a bioreactor of the rotating- wall-vessel type. Primary human mesenchymal bronchial-tracheal cells are used as a foundation matrix, while adult human bronchial epithelial immortalized cells are used as the overlying component. The beads become coated with cells, and cells on adjacent beads coalesce into 3D masses. The resulting TLAs have been found to share significant characteristics with in vivo human respiratory epithelia including polarization, tight junctions, desmosomes, and microvilli. The differentiation of the cells in these TLAs into tissues functionally similar to in vivo tissues is confirmed by the presence of compounds, including villin, keratins, and specific lung epithelium marker compounds, and by the production of tissue mucin. In a series of initial infection tests, TLA cultures were inoculated with human respiratory syncytial viruses and parainfluenza type 3 viruses. Infection was confirmed by photomicrographs that showed signs of damage by viruses and virus titers (see figure) that indicated large increases in the populations of viruses during the days following inoculation.
P4‐234: Mass spectrometry follow‐up of t181, s199, s202, t205, and T217 tau phosphorylation in cerebrospinal fluid from patients revealed a specific Alzheimer's disease pattern (2015)

Microtubule-associated protein tau and its phosphorylation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are currently used as biomarkers for the diagnostic of Alzheimer Disease (AD) by ELISA. In AD, tau phosphorylation in neurons is known to be significantly affected and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is a feature of the disease physiopathology. However, AD tau phosphorylation modification is difficult to establish in CSF since immuno-detection are unable to provide site stoichiometry quantitation. Mass spectrometry (MS) appears as a promising technique to simultaneously monitor CSF tau and its numerous phosphorylation sites. Nevertheless, CSF tau concentrations are particularly low and to date, no detection of CSF tau phosphopeptides was reported in vivo by MS. We developed a high sensitive MS strategy to detect 5 sites of phosphorylation in CSF tau (T181, S199, S202, T205 and T217). Corresponding tau phosphopeptides and their unmodified counterparts were simultaneously quantified by quantitative mass spectrometry with labeled standards as reference material. The method was therefore applied to the CSF analysis of a cohort of 50 memory clinics patients affected by various neurological disorders including AD, DLFT or LBD. Results highlighted the strong correlation between the level of phosphopeptides and unmodified one confirming results obtained by ELISA in numerous previous studies. However, the amount of phosphorylation was not similar depending on the position of the residues. This allowed us to distinguish specific patterns in AD patients with the position T181 being only slightly hyperphosphorylated in comparison to the position T217 which was the one with the most significant difference. Interestingly, the position S199 was rather hypophosphorylated in AD. Combined with the global increasing of CSF tau concentration, T217 detection achieved a total discrimination of the AD patients in our cohort suggesting that it represent a promising tool to discriminate AD. The MS quantification of CSF tau phosphopeptides using mass spectrometry is a promising analytical tool to study AD tauopathy. It brings also new perspectives for AD diagnosis, therapy targeting and monitoring.
The Bleaching of Mechanical Pulps with Oxygen and Borohydride (1997)

Mechanical pulps are bleached by treatment with oxygen gas and alkali in the presence of borohydrides. The combined treatment gives brightness gains of 15-20 points, comparable with those achieved using stabilized alkaline 4% hydrogen peroxide. By contrast the reaction of oxygen and alkali alone darkens high-yield pulps, and treatment with borohydride in the absence of added oxygen bleaches only partially, to give about half the brightness gained if oxygen is added. Evidence is presented that the bleaching occurs via the conversion of oxygen molecules (O 2 ) to hydroperoxide ions (HOO - ) by reaction of the oxygen with ionized phenolic groups in the lignin. The hydroperoxide ions are thus generated in situ in the lignin where they bleach by reacting with coloured lignin quinone and coniferaldehyde chromophores. Without the addition of borohydride the lignin phenolic groups are irreversibly oxidized by oxygen to coloured products. The primary role of the borohydride is to regenerate the phenolic groups and maintain an oxygen hydroperoxide [(O 2 ) → (HOO - )] cycle. In principle other reducing agents could be used as alternatives but in practice only sodium borohydrides and substituted borohydrides have been found to be sufficiently stable to the reaction conditions. In a secondary role. the borohydride also contributes to the bleaching by reducing radicals, organic peroxides and carbonyl compounds present in the pulps.
Visual input for pen-based computers (2002)

The design and implementation of a camera-based, human-computer interface for acquisition of handwriting is presented. The camera focuses on a standard sheet of paper and images a common pen; the trajectory of the tip of the pen is tracked and the contact with the paper is detected. The recovered trajectory is shown to have sufficient spatio-temporal resolution and accuracy to enable handwritten character recognition. More than 100 subjects have used the system and have provided a large and heterogeneous set of examples showing that the system is both convenient and accurate.
A Pseudo‐One Compartment Model of Phosphorus Kinetics During Hemodialysis: Further Supporting Evidence (2017)

A pseudo-one compartment model has been proposed to describe phosphorus kinetics during hemodialysis and the immediate post-dialysis period. This model assumes that phosphorus mobilization from tissues is proportional to the difference between the pre-dialysis serum concentration (a constant) and the instantaneous serum concentration. The current study is exploratory and evaluated the ability of a pseudo-one compartment model to describe the kinetics of phosphorus during two short hemodialysis treatments separated by a 60-min inter-treatment period without dialysis; the latter is the post-dialysis rebound period for the first short hemodialysis treatment. Serum was collected frequently during both hemodialysis treatments and the inter-treatment period to assess phosphorus kinetics in 21 chronic hemodialysis patients. Phosphorus mobilization clearance and pre-dialysis central distribution volume were previously estimated for each patient during the first hemodialysis treatment and the inter-treatment period. Assuming those kinetic parameters remained constant for each patient, serum phosphorus concentrations during the second treatment were used to estimate the driving force concentration (C<sub>df</sub> ) for phosphorus mobilization from tissues during the second treatment. Treatment time (117 ± 14 [mean ± standard deviation] vs. 117 ± 14 min), dialyzer phosphorus clearance (151 ± 25 vs. 140 ± 32 mL/min), and net fluid removal (1.44 ± 0.74 vs. 1.47 ± 0.76 L) were similar during both short hemodialysis treatments. Measured phosphorus concentration at the start of the second hemodialysis treatment (3.3 ± 0.9 mg/dL) was lower (P < 0.001) than at the start of the first treatment or C<sub>pre</sub> (5.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL). Calculated C<sub>df</sub> was 4.9 ± 2.0 mg/dL, not significantly different from C<sub>pre</sub> (P = 0.12). C<sub>df</sub> and C<sub>pre</sub> were correlated (R = 0.72, P < 0.001). The results from this study demonstrate that the driving force concentration for phosphorus mobilization during hemodialysis is constant and not different from that pre-dialysis, providing further evidence supporting a fundamental assumption of the pseudo-one compartment model.
Short Range Precision Navigation and Tracking System (1976)

A navigation and tracking system using a phase locked loop has been investigated for high accuracy short range applications. Studies and laboratory experimentation indicate that an accuracy of 0.1 m. is within feasibility limits. The ranging system features continuous operation in an analog mode with high noise immunity, and all controls are TTL compatible. Immediate applications include precision seismic profiling surveys, cable placement, narrow channel navigation, and precision location of open sea bench marks. System modularity and off the shelf parts minimize cost and maximize effectiveness. Operator interaction is minimal, and cost per meter of accuracy is far below other presently available systems.
Efficient Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones with Daucus carota Root. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single frequency quantum cascade-DFB laser based spectrometer for trace gas detection (2000)

Performance characteristics of a single frequency mid-infrared quantum cascade distributed feedback (QC-DFB) laser will be reported. Sensitive spectroscopic trace gas detection of CH 4 , N 2 O, H 2 O and C 2 H 5 OH in the 7.9 μm spectral region was demonstrated using a 100-m Herriott multipass cell and a rapid “zero-air” background subtraction technique.
New insulated-gate thyristor structure with MOSFET coupled base regions (1996)

A new insulated-gate thyristor (IGTH) structure in which the base of n-p-n transistor is coupled to the base of p-n-p transistor through a MOSFET is described for the first time, In the new structure, called base coupled insulated gate thyristor (BC-IGTH), the parasitic lateral p-n-p carrier injection inherent in previously reported thyristor structures such as the MCT, BRT, and IGTH is absent. The absence of parasitic lateral p-n-p carrier injection results in low on state voltage drop and high controllable current capability for this structure. The turn-on process in the new structure is fundamentally different from other MOS-gated thyristor structures in that in the new structure, the higher gain n-p-n transistor is turned-on first, which then provides the base drive for the lower gain p-n-p transistor. Multicellular 800 V devices of the new thyristor structure were fabricated using a double-diffused DMOS process, and were found to give on-state drop of 1.1 V at 200 A/cm/sup 2/, and controllable currents in excess of 100 A/cm/sup 2/ were obtained by forming MOS-gate controlled emitter-to-base resistive shorts.
Regulation of Endothelial Argininosuccinate Synthase Expression and NO Production by an Upstream Open Reading Frame (2005)

Argininosuccinate synthase (AS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the recycling of citrulline to arginine, which in endothelial cells, is tightly coupled to the production of nitric oxide (NO). In previous work, we established that endothelial AS mRNA can be initiated from multiple start sites, generating co-expressed mRNA variants with different 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs). One of the 5'-UTRs, the shortest form, represents greater than 90% of the total AS mRNA. Two other extended 5'-UTR forms of AS mRNA, resulting from upstream initiations, contain an out-of-frame, upstream open reading frame (uORF). In this study, the function of the extended 5'-UTRs of AS mRNA was investigated. Single base insertions to place the uORF in-frame, and mutations to extend the uORF, demonstrated functionality, both in vitro with AS constructs and in vivo with luciferase constructs. Overexpression of the uORF suppressed endothelial AS protein expression, whereas specific silencing of the uORF AS mRNAs resulted in the coordinate up-regulation of AS protein and NO production. Expression of the full-length of the uORF was necessary to mediate a trans-suppressive effect on endothelial AS expression, demonstrating that the translation product itself affects regulation. In conclusion, the uORF found in the extended, overlapping 5'-UTR AS mRNA species suppresses endothelial AS expression, providing a novel mechanism for regulating endothelial NO production by limiting the availability of arginine.
Plunger Lift Analysis, Troubleshooting and Optimization (2007)

Abstract A new portable monitoring system has taken the guesswork out of plunger lift analysis, troubleshooting and optimization. The plunger generates an acoustic pulse as it falls through each tubing collar recess when the well is shut-in. Each acoustic pulse travels through the gas in the tubing and is detected at the surface. The pulses are converted to an electrical signal by a microphone and pressure transducer. The signals are digitized, stored and processed in a computer to determine plunger position, plunger fall velocity, and plunger arrival at the liquid level in the tubing. The problem of not knowing the plunger location during the operation cycle has been overcome with this new technology by allowing the operator to see the plunger location at any time during the cycle. Having a detailed analysis of the operation of the well makes optimization of plunger lift production achievable with a minimum of effort and avoids the usual waste of time due to trial and error procedures. Example data collected from various plunger lifted wells are presented in this paper to show how to identify operational problems such as holes in the tubing, stuck plungers and plungers not getting to bottom. Introduction Plunger lift is a low cost method for lifting liquids (water, condensate and/or oil) from primarily liquid loaded gas wells and is used infrequently to produce oil wells. The operating cost of plunger lift system is low compared to other artificial lift methods, because the reservoir supplies the energy required to lift the liquids. During plunger lift operations the motor controlled valve is opened and at a later time shut-in. During shut-in the gas flow down the flowline is stopped when the surface valve is closed, allowing time to elapse for the plunger to fall down to the bottom of the tubing. After a pre-determined amount of time elapses the controller commands the motor flow valve to open and the tubing pressure begins to drop toward the flowline pressure. Differential force acting on the plunger results from the drop in surface tubing pressure and the high reservoir pressure below the plunger. The differential force lifts the plunger and a portion of the liquid above the plunger to the surface. The open and shut-in operational cycle of the plunger lift system is repeated throughout the day to produce liquids and gas from the well. Without acquiring a fluid level shot in plunger lift wells, an acoustic fluid level instrument can be used to continuously record at a fast sampling rate the acoustic signal produced as the plunger travels up and down the tubing and to monitor the variation of pressures during the plunger cycles. The acquired acoustic and pressure data can be processed to determine the 1) depth to the plunger 2) fall velocity of the plunger 3) time for the plunger to fall to the liquid 4) time for the plunger to fall to the bottom of the tubing 5) the volume and rate of gas flowing into the well.