gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ETE: a customizable approach to measuring end-to-end response times and their components in distributed systems (2003)

Detecting and resolving performance problems in distributed systems often requires measurements of end-to-end ("finger tip to eyeball") response times. Existing approaches embed transaction definitions in instrumentation codes. As a result, service providers (e.g., ISPs) cannot tailor transaction definitions to the usage patterns of their customers. We propose a new approach-ETE (end-to-end)-in which transaction definitions are externalized so that they can be customized. This is accomplished by having instrumentation generate events (not transactions) and employing a separate component-the transaction generator-that uses external definitions of transactions to construct response time measurements from event streams. ETE provides measurements of both end-to-end response times and their components. The latter reflect delays for services within distributed systems (e.g., name resolution service). We have used ETE to measure response times for Web transactions, terminal emulators, and Lotus Notes.
Total Synthesis of the Anti‐inflammatory and Pro‐resolving Lipid Mediator MaR1<sub><i>n</i>−3 DPA</sub> Utilizing an sp<sup>3</sup>–sp<sup>3</sup> Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reaction (2014)

The first total synthesis of the lipid mediator MaR1n-3 DPA (5) has been achieved in 12 % overall yield over 11 steps. The stereoselective preparation of 5 was based on a Pd-catalyzed sp(3) -sp(3) Negishi cross-coupling reaction and a stereocontrolled Evans-Nagao acetate aldol reaction. LC-MS/MS results with synthetic material matched the biologically produced 5. This novel lipid mediator displayed potent pro-resolving properties stimulating macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils.
Towards a Combined Grouping and Aggregation Algorithm for Fast Query Processing in Columnar Databases with GPUs (2015)

Column-store in-memory databases have received a lot of attention because of their fast query processing response times on modern multi-core machines. Among different database operations, group by/aggregate is an important and potentially costly operation. Moreover, sort-based and hash-based algorithms are the most common ways of processing group by/aggregate queries. While sort-based algorithms are used in traditional Data Base Management Systems (DBMS), hash based algorithms can be applied for faster query processing in new columnar databases. Besides, Graphical Processing Units (GPU) can be utilized as fast, high bandwidth co-processors to improve the query processing performance of columnar databases. The focus of this article is on the prototype for group by/aggregate operations that we created to exploit GPUs. We show different hash based algorithms to improve the performance of group by/aggregate operations on GPU. One of the parameters that affect the performance of the group by/aggregate algorithm is the number of groups and hashing algorithm. We show that we can get up to 7.6x improvement in kernel performance compared to a multi-core CPU implementation when we use a partitioned multi-level hash algorithm using GPU shared and global memories.
Preparation of 2-Monoglycerides (1991)

We present a method for the selective hydrolysis of triglycerides resulting in an efficient preparation of 2-monoacyl glycerols or specific mixtures of the latter compounds with 1,2-diacyl glycerols. These derivatives are important substrates for the synthesis of tailored triglycerides. The hydrolysis reactions are carried out in a simple biphasic system consisting of hexane, alkyl alcohol, and enzyme-containing buffer, without added emulsifiers. The analysis of reaction kinetics shows that selectivity of this hydrolysis depends upon the specific composition of solvents and the key factor in the selectivity may be modification of the interface properties by solvents.
Photonic frequency synthesis and control with whispering gallery mode microresonators (2004)

Experimental and theoretical studies of electro-optical tunability of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in high-Q monolithic lithium niobate resonators and their applicability for light modulation and filtering are reported. Properties of an optoelectronic microwave oscillator (OEO) based on an WGM LiNbO/sub 3/ resonator are discussed.
Non-invasive blood pressure measurement algorithm using neural networks (2014)

The oscillometric method is the most commonly used automatic monitoring blood pressure measurement method nowadays.Height-based and Slope-based criteria are the two general means used to determine the systolic and diastolic pressures; howeverthey are disputed for their accuracy. Thus, the auscultatory method continues to be the gold-standard for these measurements.In this paper a newly developed cuff with piezofilm sensors and a pressure sensor to collect signals from the brachial artery isinvestigated. Using Neural Networks to classify the acquired pressure signals in various regions, an algorithm is developed andimplemented in signal processing and heart beat/heart rate detection software. The algorithm is tested on 258 measurementsfrom 86 subjects and shows good conformance to the standards set out by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and British Hypertension Society grade A criteria.
Focal Arc Pattern Measurements (1992)

Abstract : Problems exist with the measurement of large aperture antennas due to the far field requirement. This paper discusses a new method to measure a phased array at about 1/10 the normal far field. The basic idea involves focusing the test array, at probe, antenna a distance R away from the aperture, and then, measuring an antenna pattern by moving the probe antenna on a constant focal arc given by R cos(Theta). This arc minimizes phase aberrations due to defocusing error. To minimize the amplitude errors, the pattern of the probe antenna is carefully matched in order to compensate for the 1/R variation induced amplitude error. The application of this technique will enable arrays to be measured in anechoic chambers, allowing convenient classified testing, while avoiding the effects of weather, and will reduce the risks inherent in the high power testing on transmit. The results of a computer simulation is presented that characterizes the validity and limitations of the technique.
A swept-wavelength Raman pump with 69 MHz repetition rate (2003)

We demonstrate a novel, high repetition rate, swept-wavelength Raman pump source. The pump has a FWHM of 31 nm, average power of 350 mW, and sweep repetition rate of 69 MHz.
Gingival crevicular fluid collagenase‐2 (MMP‐8) test stick for chair‐side monitoring of periodontitis (2003)

The MMP-8 test can be used to differentiate periodontitis from gingivitis and healthy sites as well as to monitor treatment of periodontitis. A reduction in GCF MMP-8 levels and a change in test stick result provide a means to optimize patient control during maintenance of periodontal treatment.
Stochastic Pedestrian Tracking Based on 6-Stick Skeleton Model (2007)

A novel pedestrian tracking scheme based on a particle filter is proposed, which adopts a skeleton model of a pedestrian for a state space model and distance transformed images for likelihood computation. The 6-stick skeleton model used in the proposed approach is very distinctive in representing a pedestrian simply but effectively. By the experiment using the real sequences provided by PETS, it is shown that the target pedestrian is tracked adequately by the proposed approach with a simple silhouette extraction method which consists of only background subtraction, even if the tracking target moves so complicatedly and is often so cluttered by other obstacles that the pedestrian can not be tracked by the conventional methods. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can track the multiple targets in the complex case that their trajectories intersect.
An adaptive noise canceller for hearing aids using two nearby microphones (1998)

An adaptive noise cancellation scheme based on two-stage adaptive filtering as proposed by Van Compernolle [Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (IEEE, New York, 1990)] was tested for two identical directional microphones mounted in an endfire configuration within a single behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aid. Speech intelligibility tests were carried out with two normal hearing subjects and three hearing aid users with moderate hearing losses, in a realistic test environment using open set words and sentences. A significant improvement, on average more than 5 dB, of speech reception threshold (SRT) in background noise was obtained.
Characteristics for Electrical Contact of Silver Base Alloys Containing Two Kinds of Oxides in Magnesium, Manganese, Lanthanum and Zirconium Oxides (1972)

Four silver base alloys containing two kinds of oxides, viz. manganese and zirconium oxides, magnesium and zirconium oxides, magnesium and lanthanum oxides and lanthanum and zirconium oxides, were prepared by the internal oxidation in the air at 650°C. For these contacts the characteristics of erosion resistance, welding resistance and contacts resistance were measured under the conditions of an applied voltage of 100 volts and circuit currents from 10 to 50 amperes in alternating current.The coexistence of zirconium oxide with others is very effective to improve the welding resistance. As compared with the characteristics of silver-12 wt% cadmium oxide contacts which are used very frequently, the contacts containing lanthanum and zirconium oxides (0.40 at%La and 0.49 at%Zr) have higher welding resistance, but their erosion resistance is a little lower. It is also shown that magnesium and zirconium oxide contacts (0.49 at%Mg and 0.50 at%Zr) have almost the same erosion resistance and welding resistance. Furthermore, both contacts are comparable in contact resistance. On the other hand, the erosion resitance of manganese and zirconium oxides (2.0 at%Mn and 0.96%Zr), magnesium and zirconium oxides (0.49 at%Mg and 0.50 at%Zr) and magnesium and lanthanum oxides (0.49 at%Mg and 0.36 at%La) is improved in the high current region, because the circuit current dependency of the amount of erosion is less than that of other contacts.
High frequency surface acoustic wave filter using ZnO/diamond/Si structure (2003)

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) characteristics in a ZnO/diamond/Si structure are studied. Using theoretical calculations, effective film thicknesses of ZnO and diamond providing high phase velocity and K2 are found. Based on these data, a SAW filter of a ZnO/diamond/Si structure is fabricated. It is shown that large velocities can be obtained as expected from theoretical calculation and that a high-frequency SAW filter can be fabricated with much larger scale interdigital transducers (IDTs) than those in conventional material systems. The results indicate that this material system will find broad application in high-frequency SAW filters and resonators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) for Imaging Prostate Cancer (2010)

Gallium-68 is a generator-produced radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) that is being increasingly used for radiolabeling of tumor-targeting peptides. Compounds [(68)Ga]3 and [(68)Ga]6 are high-affinity urea-based inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that were synthesized in decay-uncorrected yields ranging from 60% to 70% and radiochemical purities of more than 99%. Compound [(68)Ga]3 demonstrated 3.78 +/- 0.90% injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) within PSMA+ PIP tumor at 30 min postinjection, while [(68)Ga]6 showed a 2 h PSMA+ PIP tumor uptake value of 3.29 +/- 0.77 %ID/g. Target (PSMA+ PIP) to nontarget (PSMA- flu) ratios were 4.6 and 18.3, respectively, at those time points. Both compounds delineated tumor clearly by small animal PET. The urea series of imaging agents for PSMA can be radiolabeled with (68)Ga, a cyclotron-free isotope useful for clinical PET studies, with maintenance of target specificity.
Automatic caption localization in compressed video (1999)

We present a method to automatically locate captions in MPEG video. Caption text regions are segmented from the background using their distinguishing texture characteristics. This method first locates candidate text regions directly in the DCT compressed domain, and then reconstructs the candidate regions for further refinement in the spatial domain. Therefore, only a small amount of decoding is required. The proposed algorithm achieves about 4.0% false reject rate and less than 5.7% false positive rate on a variety of MPEG compressed video containing more than 42,000 frames.
Synthesis of Alkyl Substituted <i>p</i>-Benzoquinones from the Corresponding Phenols Using Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by Copper(II) Chloride–Amine Hydrochloride Systems (1992)

Abstract 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol was effectively oxidized to trimethyl-p-benzoquinone with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) chloride–amines in alcohol at ambient temperature. Various amines could be used as a co-catalyst in the presence of acids, and especially hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetone oxime coupled with hydrochloric acid showed high activity. 2,6-Dimethyl-p-benzoquinone was also obtained from 2,6-dimethylphenol in good yield in this catalytic oxidation system.
End-to-end transaction management for composite Web based services (2002)

Web based services, or e-services are increasingly beginning to cooperate to perform complex tasks. This has resulted in transactions that although begin and end at an e-service have parts of them executed on other cooperating e-services. Because of their federated nature and varied implementation, it is difficult to perform end-to-end management of such transactions that span multiple e-services. The problem would be compounded by the increasing trend of dynamic composition of e-services. Application response measurement is a standard for measuring application responses that originate at a client and involve multiple servers. We extend ARM to the e-services world to perform end-to-end transaction management. In doing so we enable multi-dimensional correlation, a local correlation as well as correlation spanning multiple e-services.
Path failure detection and session recovery mechanism in multihomed HIMALIS network (2013)

The Heterogeneity Inclusion and Mobility Adaptation through Locator ID Separation (HIMALIS) network architecture allows a multihomed host to transfer a session from one link to another when a failure occur. However, HIMALIS lacked the capability to promptly detect a communication path failure when the failure occurred in a link or node not directly attached to the host. To address this issue, this paper proposes a failure detection and session recovery mechanism for promptly detecting and locating a failure in the communication path, and transferring the session to another lively path. The basic failure detection mechanism is based on monitoring of data sending and receiving instances in hosts by employing two timers, probe timer and keepalive timer. Moreover, to expedite the failure detection process, the gateway and edge router help the host by providing information about a link failure when it occurs in their surroundings so that the host can quickly start the recovery process without waiting for timeouts.
Birefringent-fiber polarization coupler (1983)

Periodically stressing a birefringent fiber once per beat length can cause coherent coupling to occur between polarization modes. Such a birefringent-fiber polarization coupler is described here. More than 30 dB of power transfer between polarizations has been achieved. The device has been used as the output coupler of an in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer, and better than 25-dB on/off extinction has been measured. The device is wavelength selective and can be used as a multiplexer or as a notch filter. A notch of 9-nm full width at half-maximum has been achieved with a 60-period comb structure.
Radiomics based targeted radiotherapy planning (Rad-TRaP): a computational framework for prostate cancer treatment planning with MRI (2016)

A radiotherapy planning framework to generate targeted focal treatment plans has been presented. The focal treatment plans generated using the framework showed reduction in dosage to the organs at risk and a boosted dose delivered to the cancerous lesions.
O2MD²: A New Post-Quantum Cryptosystem With One-to-Many Distributed Key Management Based on Prime Modulo Double Encapsulation (2021)

Polynomial-time attacks designed to run on quantum computers and capable of breaking RSA and AES are already known. It is imperative to develop quantum-resistant algorithms before quantum computers become available. Computationally hard problems defined on lattices have been proposed as the fundamental security bases for a new type of cryptography. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently hosted the Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization project, aiming to create a roster of innovative post-quantum cryptosystems. These candidates have been publicly available for testing since early 2017. As they are currently under analysis, new proposals are still desirable. As such, we use the ring learning with errors (RLWE) problem combined with arithmetic functions to propose the O2MD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cryptosystem, which provides a one-to-many private/public key architecture having a distributed key refresh for a network of users while working on multiple polynomial rings over different prime order fields. Our solution has three different frameworks that reach AES-256 equivalent security, and provides message integrity and message authenticity verifications. We compare our solution's speed against the speed of the twenty-six different implementations from seven popular candidates in the NIST project, and our cryptosystem performs from 2 to 4 orders of magnitude faster than them. We also propose six different implementations that reach the security levels 1, 3 and 5 proposed in the NIST competition. Finally, we used the NIST Statistical Test Suite to verify the indistinguishability of our produced ciphertexts against randomly generated noise.
Adhesive Signature-Based, Label-Free Isolation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2012)

Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from fibroblasts and other somatic cells represents a highly promising strategy to produce auto- and allo-genic cell sources for therapeutic approaches as well as novel models of human development and disease1. Reprogramming protocols involve transduction of the Yamanaka factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc into the parental somatic cells, followed by culturing the transduced cells on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) or human fibroblast feeder layers, and subsequent mechanical dissociation of pluripotent cell-like colonies for propagation on feeder layers1, 2. The presence of residual parental and feeder-layer cells introduces experimental variability, pathogenic contamination, and promotes immunogenicity3. Similar to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), reprogrammed hiPSCs suffer from the unavoidable problem of spontaneous differentiation due to sub-optimal feeder cultures4, growth factors5, and the feeder-free substrate6. Spontaneously differentiated (SD)-hiPSCs display reduced pluripotency and often contaminate hiPSC cultures, resulting in overgrowth of cultures and compromising the quality of residual pluripotent stem cells5. Therefore, the ability to rapidly and efficiently isolate undifferentiated hiPSCs from the parental somatic cells, feeder-layer cells, and spontaneously differentiated cells is a crucial step that remains a bottleneck in all human pluripotent stem cell research.
Prognostically Significant Heterogeneity of Cytoplasmic Islet Cell Antibodies in Relatives of Patients with Type I Diabetes (1992)

A significant proportion of relatives of patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes with high titers of cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) do not progress to overt diabetes with up to 8 yr of follow-up. This may reflect that follow-up of such relatives has not been long enough to observe diabetes, that despite expression of identical ICAs, some relatives will not progress to diabetes; or that there is heterogeneity in what is identified as ICA. We identified a subset of ICA that was restricted in its species (not reacting with mouse islets) and cell-type reactivity within islets (beta-cell specific). Only one of eight relatives whose sera had the restricted pattern of reactivity progressed to overt diabetes, and on sequential evaluation, all but the one relative who progressed to diabetes have maintained normal first-phase insulin secretion to intravenous glucose. In contrast, by life-table analysis, 70% of relatives expressing nonrestricted ICA became diabetic within 5 yr of follow-up (1 of 8 vs. 16 of 25 diabetic at last follow-up, P less than 0.02). Moreover, preliminary data suggest a significant association of the human leukocyte antigen DQB1*0602 allele of DR2 haplotypes with the restricted ICA pattern (4 of 5 DQB1*0602 restricted vs. 0 nonrestricted ICA, P = 0.006). We propose that expression of a genetically determined restricted ICA pattern confers a markedly lower risk for progression to diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genome-wide quantification of rare somatic mutations in normal human tissues using massively parallel sequencing (2016)

We present the bottleneck sequencing system (BotSeqS), a next-generation sequencing method that simultaneously quantifies rare somatic point mutations across the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. BotSeqS combines molecular barcoding with a simple dilution step immediately before library amplification. We use BotSeqS to show age- and tissue-dependent accumulations of rare mutations and demonstrate that somatic mutational burden in normal human tissues can vary by several orders of magnitude, depending on biologic and environmental factors. We further show major differences between the mutational patterns of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in normal tissues. Lastly, the mutation spectra of normal tissues were different from each other, but similar to those of the cancers that arose in them. This technology can provide insights into the number and nature of genetic alterations in normal tissues and can be used to address a variety of fundamental questions about the genomes of diseased tissues.
Temporally Distributed Networks for Fast Video Semantic Segmentation (2020)

We present TDNet, a temporally distributed network designed for fast and accurate video semantic segmentation. We observe that features extracted from a certain high-level layer of a deep CNN can be approximated by composing features extracted from several shallower sub-networks. Leveraging the inherent temporal continuity in videos, we distribute these sub-networks over sequential frames. Therefore, at each time step, we only need to perform a lightweight computation to extract a sub-features group from a single sub-network. The full features used for segmentation are then recomposed by application of a novel attention propagation module that compensates for geometry deformation between frames. A grouped knowledge distillation loss is also introduced to further improve the representation power at both full and sub-feature levels. Experiments on Cityscapes, CamVid, and NYUD-v2 demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with significantly faster speed and lower latency.