gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ice Recrystallization Kinetics in the Presence of Synthetic Antifreeze Glycoprotein Analogues Using the Framework of LSW Theory (2009)

The Ostwald ripening of polycrystalline ice in aqueous sucrose solutions was investigated experimentally. The kinetics of this ice recrystallization process was studied at temperatures between -6 and -10 degrees C and varying ice volume fractions. Using the theory of Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LSW), the diffusion-limited rate constant for ice recrystallization was determined. Also, the effects of synthetic analogues of natural antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP) were studied. These analogues synAFGPmi (i = 3-5) contained monosaccharide side groups instead of disaccharide side groups that occur in natural AFGP. In order to account for the inhibition effect of the synAFGPmi, we have modified classical LSW theory, allowing for the derivation of inhibition rate constants. It was found that the investigated synAFGPmi inhibit ice recrystallization at concentrations down to approximately 3 microg mL(-1) or, equivalently, approximately 1 micromol L(-1) for the largest synAFGPmi investigated: synAFGPm5. Hence, our new method is capable of quantitatively assessing the efficiency of very similar AFGP with a sensitivity that is at least 2 orders of magnitude larger than that typical for quantitative thermal hysteresis measurements.
Detection and Management of Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Treated with Anti-Amyloid Beta Therapy (2022)

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are adverse events reported in Alzheimer's disease trials of anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) therapies. This review summarizes the existing literature on ARIA, including bapineuzumab, gantenerumab, donanemab, lecanemab, and aducanumab studies, with regard to potential risk factors, detection, and management. The pathophysiology of ARIA is unclear, but it may be related to binding of antibodies to accumulated Aβ in both the cerebral parenchyma and vasculature, resulting in loss of vessel wall integrity and increased leakage into surrounding tissues. Radiographically, ARIA-E is identified as vasogenic edema in the brain parenchyma or sulcal effusions in the leptomeninges/sulci, while ARIA-H is hemosiderin deposits presenting as microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis. ARIA tends to be transient and asymptomatic in most cases, typically occurring early in the course of treatment, with the risk decreasing later in treatment. Limited data are available on continued dosing following radiographic findings of ARIA; hence, in the event of ARIA, treatment should be continued with caution and regular monitoring. Clinical trials have implemented management approaches such as temporary suspension of treatment until symptoms or radiographic signs of ARIA have resolved or permanent discontinuation of treatment. ARIA largely resolves without concomitant treatment, and there are no systematic data on potential treatments for ARIA. Given the availability of an anti-Aβ therapy, ARIA monitoring will now be implemented in routine clinical practice. The simple magnetic resonance imaging sequences used in clinical trials are likely sufficient for effective detection of cases. Increased awareness and education of ARIA among clinicians and radiologists is vital.
Microscale modeling of kinking nonlinear elastic solids (2005)

Recently we identified and classified a class of solids as kinking nonlinear elastic (KNE) because they deform by the formation of kink bands. KNE solids represent a large family that include, among others, layered ternary carbides and nitrides, layered oxides and semiconductors, zinc, cadmium, graphite, ice, and the layered silicates, such as mica, present in nonlinear mesoscopic elastic solids. Herein we present a microscale model that accounts for the mechanical response of KNE solids to compressive stresses and apply it to two very different solids: ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{SiC}}_{2}$ and graphite. Building on the Frank and Stroh model put forth in the 1950's for the formation of kink bands, we developed a comprehensive theory that accounts for the contributions of incipient kink bands (IKBs) and dislocations pile-ups produced by normal glide processes to the nonlinear strains and stored strain energies. The theory provides estimates for the densities of IKBs, the dislocation densities, both from the IKBs and dislocation pileups, as well as the energy dissipated by the motion of the dislocations.
Selective wet etching of p-GaN for efficient GaN-based light-emitting diodes (2006)

The selective wet etching of a p-GaN layer by using a solution of KOH in ethylene glycol (KE) was studied to enhance the optical and electrical performance of the GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The surface of the p-GaN, which was selectively etched in the KE solution, showed hexagonal-shaped etch pits. The light-output power of etched LEDs was improved by 29.4% compared to that of the nonetched LED. This improvement was attributed to the increase in the probability of photons to escape due to the increased surface area of textured surface and the reduction in contact resistance of the ohmic layer resulting from the increased contact area and hole concentration on the textured p-GaN. The reverse leakage current of the LED was also greatly decreased due to the surface passivation and the removal of defective regions from the p-GaN.
Isoforms and Functions of NAD(P)H Oxidase at the Macula Densa (2009)

Macula densa cells produce superoxide (O2-) during tubuloglomerular feedback primarily via NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX). The purpose of the present study was to determine NOXs expressed by the macula densa and the role of each one in NaCl-induced O2- production. To identify which isoforms are expressed, we applied single-cell RT-PCR to macula densa cells isolated by laser capture microdissection and to MMDD1 cells (a macula densa-like cell line). The captured cells expressed neuronal NOS (marker of macula densa), NOX2, and NOX4 but not NOX1. Expression of the NOXs and neuronal NOS was essentially identical in the MMDD1 cells. Thus, we used MMDD1 cells to investigate which isoform is responsible for NaCl-induced O2- production. We used small-interfering RNA to knock down NOX2 or NOX4 in MMDD1 cells and measured O2- exposed to low-salt solution (LS; 70 mmol/L of NaCl) or high-salt solution (HS; 140 mmol/L of NaCl). Exposing control cells (scrambled small-interfering RNA) to HS increased O2- concentrations from 0.75+/-0.28 to 1.48+/-0.46 U/min per 10(5) cells in LS and HS, respectively (P<0.001). Inhibiting NOX2 blocked the HS-induced increase in O2- (0.62+/-0.39 versus 0.76+/-0.31 U/min per 10(5) cells in LS and HS groups, respectively). Blocking NOX4 did not affect HS-induced O2- levels. O2- levels in the control cells during LS and HS were 0.80+/-0.30 and 1.56+/-0.49 U/min per 10(5) cells, respectively (P<0.001); whereas O2- levels in NOX4-small-interfering RNA-treated cells during LS and HS were 0.40+/-0.25 and 1.26+/-0.51 U/min per 10(5) cells, respectively (P<0.001). We conclude that, whereas macula densa cells express the NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms, NOX2 is primarily responsible for NaCl-induced O2- generation.
CyberKnife Frameless Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Spinal Lesions: Clinical Experience in 125 Cases (2004)

This is the first large prospective evaluation of this frameless image-guided spinal radiosurgery system. The CyberKnife system was found to be feasible, safe, and effective. The major potential benefits of radiosurgical ablation of spinal lesions are short treatment time in an outpatient setting with rapid recovery and symptomatic response. This technique offers a successful therapeutic modality for the treatment of a variety of spinal lesions as a primary treatment or for lesions not amenable to open surgical techniques, in medically inoperable patients, in lesions located in previously irradiated sites, or as an adjunct to surgery.
Quinone Derivatives Lower Blood and Liver Acetaldehyde but Not Ethanol Concentrations following Ethanol Loading to Rats (1988)

A rise in blood and liver acetaldehyde concentrations following an intragastric administration of ethanol to rats was significantly inhibited when the quinone derivatives 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone (ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q10), 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid (pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ) and 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (idebenone) were injected intraperitoneally, prior to ethanol load, at a dose of 10, 11.5 and 30 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. When acetaldehyde was incubated in vitro with 1,4-benzoquinone (3.7-13.0 mM) or PQQ (1.4-4.9 mM) at 0 and 40 degrees C, the acetaldehyde concentrations slowly decreased with incubation time at 40 degrees C. The results suggest that low acetaldehyde concentrations following ethanol load are due to an accelerated oxidation of acetaldehyde by PQQ in the liver and the circulating blood.
Furfural: Exogenous Precursor of Certain Urinary Furans and Possible Toxicologic Agent in Humans (1972)

Journal Article Furfural: Exogenous Precursor of Certain Urinary Furans and Possible Toxicologic Agent in Humans Get access Eugene W Rice Eugene W Rice Pathology Department Allentown Hospital Association Allentown, Pa. 18102 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 18, Issue 12, 1 December 1972, Pages 1550–1551, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/18.12.1550 Published: 01 December 1972
Kinetics of processes in the Ti–Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> systems (1996)

The kinetics of processes related to the formation of C49 and C54 Ti(Si1−yGey)2 germanosilicide phases in the two relaxed and strained Ti/Si1−xGex systems (x1=0.35 and x2=0.20) in the temperature range 600–800 °C are considered. These processes have been studied through Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman scattering spectroscopy supported by ion beam etching techniques. Si/Ge ‘‘intergrain’’ alloy has been found between the grains of the C49 or/and C54 phases, with a Ge-rich part Si1−zGez of z=2x–3x in the upper region. At higher temperatures, the Ge concentration in the Ge-rich alloy decreases and its volume increases. The temperature required for obtaining similar changes are higher when x2&lt;x1. A kinetic electron-related model is proposed to explain the observed phenomena.
Non-human Intervention Robot in Biomedical Waste Management (2023)

Medical waste is one of the growing concerns worldwide, hidden in wolf’s clothing. A wide range of medical waste is being produced daily, which should be distinguished in its disposal and treatment. Collection, segregation and treatment of these wastes is quite problematic as it may spread diseases to the workers and cause harm. Biomedical waste management using autoclave incinerators, their establishment and maintenance is highly economical. We hereby come up with the idea of employing a robot under human control to collect, segregate and treat medical wastes
Quantitative <i>in vivo</i> analyses reveal a complex pharmacogenomic landscape in lung adenocarcinoma (2020)

Abstract: The lack of knowledge about the relationship between tumor genotypes and therapeutic responses remains one of the most important gaps in enabling the effective use of cancer therapies. Here, we couple a multiplexed and quantitative platform with robust statistical methods to enable pharmacogenomic mapping of lung cancer treatment responses in vivo . We uncover a surprisingly complex map of genotype-specific therapeutic responses, with over 20% of possible interactions showing significant resistance or sensitivity. We validate one of these interactions - the resistance of Keap1 mutant tumors to platinum therapy - using a large patient response dataset. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the genetic determinants of treatment responses in the development of precision therapies and define a strategy to identify such determinants.
A triazine dye, cibacron blue 3G-A induces Staphylococcus aureus to form giant clusters (1990)

Cibacron blue 3G-A (CB), one of the triazinyl dyes commonly used as a ligand for affinity chromatography, induced staphylococci to form giant clusters without affecting cell viability. It was demonstrated that the cluster formation was not a mechanical aggregation of cells by CB, but a consequence of its biological effect on staphylococcal growth. Clusters induced by CB did not form a regular arrangement, and were different from clusters induced by SDS or polyanethole sulfonate.
Dynamic Window Coupling for multipath congestion control (2011)

The traditional problem of end-hosts efficiently and fairly utilizing end-to-end paths becomes significantly harder when the end-hosts are multihomed. Such is the case, for instance, when an end-host has simultaneous connectivity through several service providers, or when a mobile device is simultaneously connected via both a wireless LAN and a cellular network. A multihoming-aware transport protocol, such as MPTCP or SCTP, that sends data over the multiple resulting end-to-end paths must be fair to other flows in the network while being able to maximize its own throughput. In this paper, we present Dynamic Window Coupling (DWC), a multipath congestion control mechanism that seeks to achieve both these goals. DWC uses loss and delay signals to detect shared bottlenecks, explicitly grouping and sharing congestion control across subflows on paths that have a common bottleneck, while separating congestion control for subflows on paths with distinct bottlenecks. DWC detects shifting bottlenecks in the network and responds by dynamically regrouping subflows. Simulations demonstrate that DWC detects shared bottlenecks under most network topologies and conditions that we considered, regroups subflows correctly as bottlenecks shift, aggregates throughput across distinct bottlenecks, and is fair to other TCP flows at all bottlenecks.
HIGH STRENGTH AND HIGH MODULUS POLYIMIDE FIBERS FROM CHLORINATED RIGID AROMATIC DIAMINES AND PYROMELLITIC DIANHYDRIDE (1986)

Polyimide fibers were prepared from chlorinated rigid aromatic diamines and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) by wet-spinning the N-methylpyrrolidone solutions of their precursor poly (amicacids) and then imidizing the fibers thermally or chemically. Random copolyimides had better drawability and gave stronger fibers than homopolyimides. For example, the chemically imidized copolypyromellitimide fiber of 2, 2'-dichlorobenzidine (Di-Cl-Bz)/benzidine (80/20) showed tenacity (T) 22.0 g/d, elongation (E) 1.7% and initial modulus (Mi) 1490 g/d. In general, the tensile properties of thermally imidized fibers were inferior to those of chemically imidized fibers, but random copolymers containing Di-Cl-Bz•PMDA as a main component yielded thermally imidized fibers having good tensile properties comparable to those of chemically imidized fibers. For example, T (g/d)/E (%)/Mi (g/d) of thermally imidized Di-Cl-Bz/2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine/PMDA (85/15/100) fiber were 19.1/1.4/1510.
Fault detection and isolation for unstable linear systems (1995)

In the design of a residual generator for an unstable plant, the unstable modes are made unobservable from the residual vector. We point out that this cannot be achieved in practice due to the discrepancy between the estimated model and the "true" plant model. Hence, we deduce that it is not possible to design a residual generator for an unstable plant, unless it is stabilized by an adequate controller. As a by-product, we provide expressions which can be used to quantify the effect of modeling uncertainties on the performance of a residual generator. The factorization approach to control theory is used for the developments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Strip-Fin Microchannel Heatsink: Integrating COMSOL Multiphysics with modeFRONTIER (2010)

For this work the multi-objective design environment modeFRONTIER was integrated with COMSOL, thereby bringing the advantages of multi-objective optimization to multiphysics simulations. Practically any commercial analysis tool (such as COMSOL), or in-house code, can be integrated within modeFRONTIER's framework. The optimization can be either direct, employing algorithms such as Game Theory or Genetic Algorithms, or it can be virtual, where a continuous response surface (such as a neural network) is created from a set of discrete data points, and used to predict better performance in areas of design space where no data point has been calculated. In the case of the direct approach, modeFRONTIER determines the configurations to be analyzed, and automatically launches COMSOL, monitoring the results in order to assess the performance relative to the objectives. The multi-objective optimization of a strip-fin microchannel heat sink is shown, where the target was to simultaneously minimize both the temperature variation on the chip and the cooling pump power, while constraining the maximum temperature on the chip. Both geometric and process variables were employed; these included a mix of continuous and discrete, dimensional and non-dimensional. modeFRONTIER's extensive post-processing toolkit, consisting of both statistical and graphical methods, was used to gain a full understanding of the results obtained, and to increase the efficiency of the optimization carried out.
Defining the Fresnel zone for broadband radiation (2002)

The concept of the Fresnel zone is central to many areas of imaging. In tomographic imaging, the transverse spatial resolution can be limited by the size of the first Fresnel zone, usually defined only for monochromatic radiation. With the increasing prevalence of broadband tomographic imaging systems, a generalization of this concept is required. Here, a proposed generalization is described in the context of femtosecond optics, and experimentally verified using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Based on this definition, a simple zone plate design is demonstrated.
Emotion, engagement and meaning in strong experiences of music performance (2012)

This paper explores the emotions connected with music performance. Performing music provides the potential to attain wellbeing via the hedonic and eudaimonic routes, appealing to pleasure, engagement and meaning (Seligman, 2002). To date, most research exploring emotions amongst performers has focused on these components separately, exploring positive or negative affect, flow, or the development of performer identity. In the current study, 35 university students (mean age 20.6 years) gave free reports of their strongest, most intense experiences of performing music. Accounts were content analyzed using the Strong Experiences of Music Descriptive System (Gabrielsson & Lindström Wik, 2003), and also analyzed for the components of wellbeing using an idiographic approach. Four basic types of response were characterized, emphasizing: (1) negative and positive emotions and personal engagement; (2) negative and positive emotions, engagement and meaning; (3) positive emotion and meaning; or (4) positive emotions, engagement, and meaning. The emphasis on the eudaimonic route to wellbeing (through engagement and meaning) shows that young musicians do have valuable and rewarding experiences with the potential to sustain long-term motivation to engage with practical music-making. The value of the positive psychology framework is also demonstrated by its applicability to descriptions of strong experiences of performing music.
Insulin B-chain reactive CD4+ regulatory T-cells induced by oral insulin treatment protect from type 1 diabetes by blocking the cytokine secretion and pancreatic infiltration of diabetogenic effector T-cells. (1999)

The mechanism of protection from type 1 diabetes conferred by regulatory T-cells induced by oral insulin treatment of NOD mice is not well understood. We demonstrate that oral insulin feeding of NOD mice induces the function of insulin B-chain reactive CD4+ regulatory T-cells, which compete with diabetogenic effector T-cells for the recognition of insulin in NOD.Scid recipient mice. These effector T-cells become deprived of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma and are unable to expand and migrate to the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes-protective splenic regulatory T-cells secrete relatively little transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, suggesting that TGF-beta may not contribute to the inactivation of effector T-cells in NOD.Scid recipients. The observed preferential infiltration of insulin-reactive regulatory T-cells rather than effector T-cells in the pancreas results in a nondestructive insulitis that correlates with an increased intrapancreatic expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta. Thus, oral insulin therapy overcomes a deficiency in regulatory T-cells and protects against type 1 diabetes by inducing insulin B-chain reactive regulatory T-cells to block cytokine secretion and migration of diabetogenic effector T-cells to the pancreas. Our data emphasize that continuous oral insulin feeding over a prolonged period is required to prevent type 1 diabetes.
Preparation of Highly Textured ZnO Thin Films by Pulsed Electron Deposition (2011)

Pulsed electron deposition is a very promising means for growing high quality thin films even for complicated oxides. By investigating the influence of deposition parameters like the substrate temperature, the oxygen pressure in the chamber, as well as the pulse frequency and energy of the electrons on the growth of ZnO, the evolution of the [0002] orientation has been revealed and highly [0002] oriented ZnO thin films were obtained on Si (100) substrates at suitable conditions.
Determination of Hydrodynamic Radius of Proteins by Size Exclusion Chromatography (2017)

\nSize exclusion chromatography (SEC) or gel filtration is a hydrodynamic technique that separates molecules in solution as a function of their size and shape. In the case of proteins, the hydrodynamic value that can be experimentally derived is the Stokes radius (Rs), which is the radius of a sphere with the same hydrodynamic properties (i.e., frictional coefficient) as the biomolecule. Determination of Rs by SEC has been widely used to monitor conformational changes induced by the binding of calcium (Ca2+) to many Ca2+-sensor proteins. For this class of proteins, SEC separation is based not just on the variation in protein size following Ca2+ binding, but likely arises from changes in the hydration shell structure.\n
Finding Bugs in your Ear: Clinical Imaging of Middle-Ear Infections and Biofilms using OCT (2015)

Handheld OCT scanners have been developed for screening and characterizing middle-ear infections that are highly prevalent in the pediatric population. OCT enables non-invasive identification of bacterial biofilms that will impact clinical treatment of this disease.
Selective effects of skeletal muscle extract fractions on motoneuron development in vitro (1986)

In vivo labeling of motoneurons with retrogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin, and in situ staining of cholinergic neurons with a monoclonal antibody against CAT, have been used as methods to identify motoneurons in cultures of dissociated 14 d embryonic rat ventral spinal cord. With these two different labeling techniques, we demonstrate that skeletal muscle extracts maintain motoneuron survival, and induce motoneuron morphologic and cholinergic differentiation in vitro. Further, we show that several partially purified muscle extract-derived proteins separately augment each of these specific parameters of motoneuron development. A 55,000 Da neutral glycoprotein specifically induces both ACh synthesis and motoneuron-selective process outgrowth and elongation, while a 1200-1500 Da peptide selectively augments both apparent motoneuron survival and ACh synthesis. A third trophic agent, a 33,000-35,000 Da acidic glycoprotein, induces process outgrowth in both motoneurons and nonmotoneurons of the ventral spinal cord, but has no effect on ACh synthesis.