gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Volatile Pheromone in<i>Agrilus planipennis</i>Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) That Increases Attraction to a Host Foliar Volatile (2011)

Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of volatiles from virgin female emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire confirmed the emission of (3Z)-lactone [(3Z)-dodecen-12-olide] but not its geometric isomer, (3E)-lactone [(3E)-dodecen-12-olide]. Gas chromatographic/electroantennographic (GC/EAD) analysis of synthetic (3Z)-lactone, which contained 10% (3E)-lactone, showed a strong response of male and female antennae to both isomers. EAG analysis with 0.01- to 100-μg dosages showed a positive dose response, with females giving significantly higher responses than males. In field experiments with sticky purple prism traps, neither lactone isomer affected catches when combined with ash foliar or cortical volatiles (green leaf volatiles or Phoebe oil, respectively). However, on green prism traps, the (3Z)-lactone significantly increased capture of male A. planipennis when traps were deployed in the canopy. Captures of males on traps with both (3E)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol or with (3Z)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol were increased by 45-100%, respectively, compared with traps baited with just (3Z)-hexenol. In olfactometer bioassays, males were significantly attracted to (3E)-lactone, but not the (3Z)-lactone or a 60:40 (3E):(3Z) blend. The combination of either (3E)- or (3Z)-lactone with Phoebe oil was not significantly attractive to males. Males were highly attracted to (3Z)-hexenol and the (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol combination, providing support for the field trapping results. These data are the first to demonstrate increased attraction with a combination of a pheromone and a green leaf volatile in a Buprestid species.
A Novel Phase Contrast X-ray System (2017)

A novel single-phase-grating Phase contrast system was simulated using Sommerfield-Rayleigh diffraction integrals. We accomplish in one X-ray optic the functionality that requires 2-3 optics in Miao et al Nature Physics 2015. We retain all their benefits of not requiring the absorption grating (analyzer) in Talbot-Lau interferometers. This will reduce the dose-requirement (approximately by a factor of two). We observed interference pattern (pitch 0.2mm) with grating to detector distance of 50mm for parallel beam source. The interference pattern can be tuned to different applications depending on detector resolution. Our eventual goal is to achieve compact interferometry of the design lengths required for a clinical mammogram system.
Nanopeptamers for the Development of Small-Analyte Lateral Flow Tests with a Positive Readout (2012)

There is a great demand for rapid tests that can be used on-site for the detection of small analytes, such as pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, explosives, toxins, medicinal and abused drugs, hormones, etc. Dipsticks and lateral flow devices, which are simple and provide a visual readout, may be the answer, but the available technology for these compounds requires a competitive format that loses sensitivity and produces readings inversely proportional to the analyte concentration, which is counterintuitive and may lead to potential misinterpretation of the result. In this work, protein-multipeptide constructs composed of anti-immunocomplex peptides selected from phage libraries and streptavidin/avidin as core protein were used for direct detection of small compounds in a noncompetitive two-site immunoassay format that performs with increased sensitivity and positive readout. These constructs that we termed "nanopeptamers" allow the development of rapid point-of-use tests with a positive visual end point of easy interpretation. As proof of concept, lateral flow assays for the herbicides molinate and clomazone were developed and their performance was characterized with field samples.
Mobility support for IP over wireless ATM (1998)

A wireless ATM system consists of a core network infrastructure that provides mobility support to end terminals and a wireless access link. This article outlines two schemes for supporting mobility of IP terminals in this network. In the first scheme, location management and handoff support is integrated within the ATM signaling and control framework ("mobile ATM"), and mobility is transparently supported at the IP layer by mobile ATM underneath. In the second approach, the IP protocol stack is directly executed on ATM switches (without an intermediate ATM signaling stack) using an IP switching technique called IPSOFACTO (IP Switching Over Fast ATM Cell Transport), and terminal mobility is supported via mobile IP.
Speed sensorless hybrid vector controlled induction motor drive (2002)

The paper describes a speed and flux sensorless vector-controlled induction motor drive primarily aimed for electric vehicle type applications. The stator flux oriented drive starts at zero speed in indirect vector control mode, transitions to direct vector control mode as the speed develops, and then transitions back to indirect vector control at zero speed. The vector control uses stator flux orientation in both indirect and direct vector control modes with the stator resistance variation compensated by measurement of stator temperature. The problem of integration at low stator frequency is solved by cascaded low pass filters with programmable time constants. The control strategy of the four-quadrant drive has been analyzed, validated by simulation study, and finally evaluated by experimental study on a laboratory 5 HP drive system.
Suppressing non-local effects due to dynamic strain induced Doppler shifts in high-frequency Brillouin sensing (2021)

We demonstrate a fundamental limit in Brillouin fiber sensors wherein dynamic strain induced Doppler shifts produce non-local signals throughout the fiber. We present a technique to overcome this barrier, enabling high-bandwidth, low-noise dynamic strain measurements.
A Mutant Form of the Tax Protein of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), with Enhanced Transactivation Activity, Increases Expression and Propagation of BLV In Vitro but Not In Vivo (2003)

In a previous study, we identified an interesting mutant form of the Tax protein of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), designated D247G. This mutant protein strongly transactivated the long terminal repeat of BLV and was also able to transactivate the cellular proto-oncogene c-fos. This finding suggested that BLV that encode the mutant protein might propagate and induce lymphoma more efficiently than wild-type BLV. To characterize the effects of the strong transactivation activity of the mutant Tax protein, we constructed an infectious molecular clone of BLV that encoded D247G and examined the replication and propagation of the virus in vitro and in vivo. Cultured cells were transfected with the wild-type and mutant BLV, and then levels of viral proteins and particles and the propagation of viruses were compared. As expected, in vitro, mutant BLV produced more viral proteins and particles and was transmitted very effectively. We injected the wild-type and mutant BLV into sheep, which are easily infected with BLV, and monitored the proportion of BLV-positive cells in the blood and the expression of BLV RNA for 28 weeks. By contrast to the results of our analyses in vitro, we found no significant difference in the viral load or the expression of viral RNA between sheep inoculated with wild-type or mutant BLV. Our observations indicate that the mutant D247G Tax protein does not enhance the expansion of BLV and that there might be a dominant mechanism for regulation of the expression of BLV in vivo.
Development of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Nickel-base Superalloy (1989)

An oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel-base superalloy, TMO-2 which has an extremenly high creep strength, has been developed by employing a matrix with a composition modified from that of a high temperature strength cast alloy previously developed based on the alloy design method of our institute. ( 1 ) The ODS superalloy TMO-2, when processed by mechanical alloying using nickel pellets of 3-7 mmφ as balls in the attritor, consolidation by extrusion, and isothermal annealing, showed a creep rupture life of 3 500 h under a test condition of 1 050°C and 16 kgf/mm2. ( 2 ) Another batch of ODS superalloy TMO-2, processed by mechanical alloying using steel balls of 9.5 mmφ in the attritor, consolidation by extrusion, zone annealing, and solution and aging heat treatment, showed a creep rupture life of 7 476 h under the same test condition of 1 050°C and 16 kgf/mm2 as in ( 1 ) above. ( 3 ) In some of long-time crept speimens of alloy TMO-2, the needle-like M6C has been developed. This is not harmful for creep rupture life but shows elongation values lower than those of specimens of ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) above.
Simultaneous Conduction of Electronic Charge and Lithium Ions in Block Copolymers (2012)

The main objective of this work is to study charge transport in mixtures of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P3HT-PEO) block copolymers and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt (LiTFSI). The P3HT-rich microphase conducts electronic charge, while the PEO-rich microphase conducts ionic charge. The nearly symmetric P3HT-PEO copolymer used in this study self-assembles into a lamellar phase. In contrast, the morphologies of asymmetric copolymers with P3HT as the major component are dominated by nanofibrils. A combination of ac and dc impedance measurements was used to determine the electronic and ionic conductivities of our samples. The ionic conductivities of P3HT-PEO/LiTFSI mixtures are lower than those of mixtures of PEO homopolymer and LiTFSI, in agreement with published data obtained from other block copolymer/salt mixtures. In contrast, the electronic conductivities of the asymmetric P3HT-PEO copolymers are significantly higher than those of the P3HT homopolymer. This is unexpected because of the presence of the nonelectronically conducting PEO microphase. This implies that the intrinsic electronic conductivity of the P3HT microphase in P3HT-PEO copolymers is significantly higher than that of P3HT homopolymers.
A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 2-(N-PHENYLAMINO)- BENZOIC ACIDS (2002)

A new method for the synthesis of 2-(N-phenylamino)benzoic acids is presented, with 2-fluorobenzoic acids and anilines as starting materials. Several experimental conditions as well as the factors influencing the outcome of the reaction are described.
Determining electron temperature for small spherical probes from network analyzer measurements of complex impedance (2008)

In earlier work, using a network analyzer, it was shown that collisionless resistance (CR) exists in the sheath of a spherical probe when driven by a small rf signal. The CR is inversely proportional to the plasma density gradient at the location where the applied angular frequency equals the plasma frequency ωpe. Recently, efforts have concentrated on a study of the low-to-intermediate frequency response of the probe to the rf signal. At sufficiently low frequencies, the CR is beyond cutoff, i.e., below the plasma frequency at the surface of the probe. Since the electron density at the probe surface decreases as a function of applied (negative) bias, the CR will extend to lower frequencies as the magnitude of negative bias increases. Therefore to eliminate both CR and ion current contributions, the frequencies presently being considered are much greater than the ion plasma frequency, ωpi, but less than the plasma frequency, ωpe(r0), where r0 is the probe radius. It is shown that, in this frequency regime, the complex impedance measurements made with a network analyzer can be used to determine electron temperature. An overview of the theory is presented along with comparisons to data sets made using three stainless steel spherical probes of different sizes in different experimental environments and different plasma parameter regimes. The temperature measurements made by this method are compared to those made by conventional Langmuir probe sweeps; the method shown here requires no curve fitting as is the usual procedure with Langmuir probes when a Maxwell-Boltzmann electron distribution is assumed. The new method requires, however, a solution of the Poisson equation to determine the approximate sheath dimensions and integrals to determine approximate plasma and sheath inductances. The solution relies on the calculation of impedance for a spherical probe immersed in a collisionless plasma and is based on a simple circuit analogy for the plasma. Finally, the temperatures obtained using this method show reasonable agreement with those obtained using a conventional Langmuir sweep analysis of the spheres.
Metamaterial-Like Cathodes in Multicavity Magnetrons (2012)

This paper presents the results of computer simulations performed for exploring and developing new methods, which may allow enhancing operational parameters of multicavity magnetrons through using the metal-thin-wire (MTW) and the metal-split-ring metamaterial-like structures as cold (nonthermionic) cathodes. It is demonstrated by the particle-in-cell simulations of a generic ten-vane nonrelativistic ultrahigh-frequency-band heavily strapped magnetron that the output microwave power and the start-up time of this magnetron are significantly improved by replacing either a solid or a transparent cold cathode by, for example, a bulk MTW metamaterial-like structure formed as an array of individual wires directed parallel to the axis of the magnetron (rodded cathode).
Refractive multi-focus optics for material processing (2016)

Splitting of radiation from high power multimode fiber coupled and fiber lasers in separate focused spots is important in several laser applications. Welding, cladding with 0.5-2 mm size working spots benefit from “inverse-Gauss” intensity profiles, and doubled spots are good solutions to provide more uniform temperature profile on a workpiece. The performance of thick metal sheet cutting, deep penetration welding, CFRP cutting can be enhanced when distributing the laser energy along the optical axis as more efficient usage of laser energy, higher edge quality, reduction of the size of the heat affected zone and other unwished thermal effects can be achieved. Building of beam shaping optical systems for multimode lasers encounters physical limitations due to the low beam spatial coherence of multimode fiber-coupled laser beams as they present mixtures of multiple wavefronts. This makes it practically impossible to control the intensity distribution of spots of several hundred micrometers size. Usually, only techniques of imaging the fiber end work reliably, for example, collimating the laser radiation from a fiber and its focusing using an objective. Therefore, it is suggested to apply optics presuming geometrical separation of focused spots either perpendicular to or along the optical axis. Thus, energy of high power lasers is distributed among multiple foci. In order to provide reliable operation with multi-kW lasers and avoid damages the optics is designed as refractive elements with smooth optical surfaces. The paper presents descriptions of multi- focus optics and examples of intensity profile measurements.
Phase-ambiguity resolution for QPSK modulation systems. Part 2: A method to resolve offset QPSK (1989)

Part 2 presents a new method to resolve the phase-ambiguity for Offset QPSK modulation systems. When an Offset Quaternary Phase-Shift-Keyed (OQPSK) communications link is utilized, the phase ambiguity of the reference carrier must be resolved. At the transmitter, two different unique words are separately modulated onto the quadrature carriers. At the receiver, the recovered carrier may have one of four possible phases, 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees, referenced to the nominally correct phase. The IF portion of the channel may cause a phase-sense reversal, i.e., a reversal in the direction of phase rotation for a specified bit pattern. Hence, eight possible phase relationships (the so-called eight ambiguous phase conditions) between input and output of the demodulator must be resolved. Using the In-phase (I)/Quadrature (Q) channel reversal correcting property of an OQPSK Costas loop with integrated symbol synchronization, four ambiguous phase conditions are eliminated. Thus, only four possible ambiguous phase conditions remain. The errors caused by the remaining ambiguous phase conditions can be corrected by monitoring and detecting the polarity of the two unique words. The correction of the unique word polarities results in the complete phase-ambiguity resolution for the OQPSK system.
Modified Calix[4]pyrroles (2000)

The synthesis and chemical properties of a variety of chemically modified calix[4]pyrroles are described. The effects of structural changes, specifically the presence and absence of substituents on the meso-like and β-pyrrolic carbons, on anion affinities are detailed as is their effect on macrocycle conformation. Also described are unsymmetrical systems, bearing an aliphatic and aromatic substituent on each of the four meso-like carbon atoms. In this case, the properties of the resulting configuration isomers are discussed in terms, again, of the resulting effects on macrocycle conformation and substrate binding affinity. Finally, the use of appropriately functionalized calix[4]pyrrole systems as rudimentary fluorescence-based anion sensors is presented.
Efficient Mercury Capture Using Functionalized Porous Organic Polymer (2017)

The primary challenge in materials design and synthesis is achieving the balance between performance and economy for real-world application. This issue is addressed by creating a thiol functionalized porous organic polymer (POP) using simple free radical polymerization techniques to prepare a cost-effective material with a high density of chelating sites designed for mercury capture and therefore environmental remediation. The resulting POP is able to remove aqueous and airborne mercury with uptake capacities of 1216 and 630 mg g<sup>-1</sup> , respectively. The material demonstrates rapid kinetics, capable of dropping the mercury concentration from 5 ppm to 1 ppb, lower than the US Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limit (2 ppb), within 10 min. Furthermore, the material has the added benefits of recyclability, stability in a broad pH range, and selectivity for toxic metals. These results are attributed to the material's physical properties, which include hierarchical porosity, a high density of chelating sites, and the material's robustness, which improve the thiol availability to bind with mercury as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure studies. The work provides promising results for POPs as an economical material for multiple environmental remediation applications.
A Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester With Nonlinear High-Power Extraction (2015)

This paper presents a nonlinear vibration energy harvester, which combines a nonlinear bistable broadband piezoelectric cantilever used to transduce ambient vibration energy, with synchronized capture for efficient harvesting over broadband sources. An accurate model of the bistable transducer, that augments the Butterworth van Dyke model to capture the external magnetic force added as a bias to the external vibrations, is presented. Its validity has been demonstrated through physical implementation and experimental validation against simulation of the mathematical model. For efficient extraction of the transduced energy, nonlinear extraction circuits, namely synchronous charge extraction (SCE) and parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI), are employed. The switching in these circuits is implemented using a fully self-propelled, low-power electronic breaker circuit, capable of detecting extrema in the waveform to perform switching. Both simulated and experimental power outputs from the bistable harvester have been presented, with the SCE and parallel-SSHI providing average outputs with more than 100-fold increase over the harvested power reported in the literature for the same input, and further, even more significant gains are observed for broadband excitations.
Rapid on‐site detection of airborne asbestos fibers and potentially hazardous nanomaterials using fluorescence microscopy‐based biosensing (2016)

A large number of peptides with binding affinity to various inorganic materials have been identified and used as linkers, catalysts, and building blocks in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. However, there have been few applications of material-binding peptides in the fluorescence microscopy-based biosensing (FM method) of environmental pollutants. A notable exception is the application of the FM method for the detection of asbestos, a dangerous industrial toxin that is still widely used in many developing countries. This review details the selection and isolation of asbestos-binding proteins and peptides with sufficient specificity to distinguish asbestos from a large variety of safer fibrous materials used as asbestos substitutes. High sensitivity to nanoscale asbestos fibers (30-35 nm in diameter) invisible under conventional phase contrast microscopy can be achieved. The FM method is the basis for developing an automated system for asbestos biosensing that can be used for on-site testing with a portable fluorescence microscope. In the future, the FM method could also become a useful tool for detecting other potentially hazardous nanomaterials in the environment.
Receptor-mediated Transport of Therapeutics across the Blood-Brain Barrier (1994)

The delivery of nonlipophilic compounds to the brain is severely hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, brain capillary endothelial cells, which form the BBB, do possess specific receptor-mediated transport mechanisms that potentially can be exploited as a means to transport therapeutic molecules to the brain. We have found that antibodies that bind to the transferrin receptor selectively target BBB endothelium, are transported into the brain, and can function as carriers for the delivery of compounds, including proteins, to the central nervous system. This drug delivery system has been used to transport nerve growth factor across the BBB in a biologically active form and at levels sufficient to prevent the degeneration of nerve growth factor-dependent neurons.
Linear optical sampling (2003)

We demonstrate the measurement of waveforms and eye diagrams at high bit rates by optical sampling using coherent detection. By simultaneously recording two orthogonal quadratures of the interference between the data stream and a sampling pulse with two balanced detectors, we are able to cancel the phase sensitivity inherent to linear optics. As the device is based on linear optics and square-law low-speed photodetectors, its sensitivity is 1000 times better than nonlinear optical sampling techniques, which makes it attractive for optical signal characterization and monitoring. This new diagnostic tool was used to measure eye diagrams at 10, 40, and 80 Gb/s, and is projected to operate at 160 Gb/s and higher.