gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[P1–284]: DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL BLOOD‐BASED DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE USING CIRCULATING PEPTIDES (2017)

Discovering the signs of cognitive impairment at early stages followed by continuing appropriate intervention and treatment could delay the onset of dementia. Mass-spectrometry (MS)-based circulating peptide profiling have been suggested to be served as a blood-based biomarker, however, there is no convincing evidence for its diagnostic potential. In this study, we identified novel peptide biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using carefully collected blood samples from independent cohorts by differential peptidomics, and developed LC-MS/MS blood test using the peptide biomarkers for cognitive impairment. We performed screening of biomarker peptides by 2D-μLC-MALDI-TOF/MS using 300 serum samples in the longitudinal and cross-sectional studies from 3 independent cohorts, and validated them in multi-center clinical research. Next, we developed LC-MS/MS (SRM/MRM) assay and tested diagnostic potential of these biomarker peptides in assessment of cognitive impairment. Blinded serum samples from 930 subjects including MCI, AD and other neurological disorder were analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to evaluate the combination of multiple biomarkers. In discovery and validation phases, 14 peptide biomarkers for MCI and AD were identified by 2D-μLC-MALDI-TOF/MS, and, among them, 8 peptide biomarkers showed diagnostic potential for both MCI and AD in multi-center clinical studies by LC-MS/MS assay. The combinations of 3 biomarker peptides achieved an area under the curve of 0.86 (sensitivity 82%, specificity 80%) in MCI vs. NDC, and 0.89 (sensitivity 84%, specificity 84%) in AD vs. NDC, respectively. Individuals with lower MMSE scores had significantly elevated levels of the biomarker peptides. These peptides were derived from the proteins of complement system, fibrinolysis system and actin-binding protein family. Furthermore, levels of these peptides in the brain of definite AD and NDC subjects were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and immunochemistry against peptide-specific antibodies. The biomarker peptides were actually present in the brain and, in AD vs. NDC, differences of their levels in the hippocampus coincided with those in serum. The circulating peptides are potential biomarkers for MCI and AD in clinical use. The LC-MS/MS blood test system for peptide biomarkers is a powerful tool for early diagnostics for cognitive impairment.
Of mice, cats, and men: Is human breast cancer a Zoonosis? (2005)

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), a member of the betaretroviridae, is the most common cause of breast cancer (BC) in mice. MMTV is transmitted in mice both in the germline as endogenous proviruses and exogenously as infectious virions. Here, we review a variety of evidence accumulated for six decades that has suggested that a human homologue of MMTV may exist. The findings include recent studies from several independent laboratories that have detected sequences very closely related to MMTV in DNA isolated from human BC tumors. Other laboratories, however, have failed to detect the MMTV-related sequences in human DNA samples, and conclusive evidence for a human mammary tumor virus has been elusive. We also reviewed additional studies, suggesting that betaretroviruses are present in a much wider range of species than previously known, including rodents, felines, and primates. The observation that a subset of cats may be infected with a close homologue of MMTV may be of epidemiological significance for human BC. Cats may become infected by MMTV from mice, and in turn may transmit the virus to humans, possibly after selection for variants with an expanded host range.
Electrochemical Monitoring Method for Filling Capability of Copper Electroplating Solution for Via Filling (2005)

We have developed a method to monitor the time-dependent change in the filling capability of a via-hole filling copper electroplating solution. In this method, a rotating disk electrode is used to produce a controlled solution flow, and a constant current is applied to the rotating electrode in order to measure the potential value which is necessary to judge the filling capability. The obtained time-potential curves could be approximately fitted to a Boltzmann function to acquire the quantitative parameters required for judging the filling capability.
Test Results of a High-Gradient 2.856-GHz Negative Harmonic Accelerating Waveguide (2021)

We report the high-gradient tests results of a novel traveling wave accelerating structure for β = 0.3 based on a novel approach of operating at the first negative spatial harmonic. Accelerating gradients of 50 MV/m and peak electric fields of 160 MV/m were achieved in a single structure consisting of 15 coupled cells during tests at the advanced photon source. This work was performed by RadiaBeam, in collaboration with the Argonne National Laboratory, as a part of a Research and Development Program for the development of an ultrahigh-gradient linear accelerator, the Advanced Compact Carbon Ion Linac, for hadron therapy.
Complete amino acid sequence of porcine adrenomedullin and cloning of cDNA encoding its precursor (1994)

Porcine adrenomedullin was isolated from adrenal medulla extract and its amino acid sequence was determined. The peptide is identical to human adrenomedullin with a single replacement of Gly for Asn at position 40. The cDNA clone encoding the porcine adrenomedullin precursor was isolated and sequenced. The precursor for adrenomedullin (preproadrenomedullin) is 188 amino acids in length, including the adrenomedullin sequence, followed by a glycine (the amide donor). In addition to adrenomedullin, proadrenomedullin (proAM) contains a candidate for a unique 20-residue peptide, proAM-N20, whose carboxy-terminus may be amidated. By RNA blot analysis, porcine adrenomedullin mRNA was found to be highly expressed in several porcine tissues including lung and kidney as well as adrenal medulla.
Just-in-Time Analytics on Large File Systems (2011)

As file systems reach the petabytes scale, users and administrators are increasingly interested in acquiring high-level analytical information for file management and analysis. Two particularly important tasks are the processing of aggregate and top-k queries which, unfortunately, cannot be quickly answered by hierarchical file systems such as ext3 and NTFS. Existing preprocessing-based solutions, e.g., file system crawling and index building, consume a significant amount of time and space (for generating and maintaining the indexes) which in many cases cannot be justified by the infrequent usage of such solutions. In this paper, we advocate that user interests can often be sufficiently satisfied by approximate-i.e., statistically accurate-answers. We develop Glance, a just-in-time sampling-based system which, after consuming a small number of disk accesses, is capable of producing extremely accurate answers for a broad class of aggregate and top-k queries over a file system without the requirement of any prior knowledge. We use a number of real-world file systems to demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy, and scalability of Glance.
Influence of a Probiotic Adjunct Culture of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> on the Quality of Cheddar Cheese (1999)

Cheddar cheese has previously been shown to be an effective vehicle for delivery of viable cells of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain to the gastrointestinal tract. The particular strain, E. faecium PR88, has proven efficacy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, and in this study it was evaluated for suitability as a starter adjunct for Cheddar cheese manufacture. When added to cheesemilk at an inoculum of 2 x 10(7) cfu/mL, the enterococcal adjunct maintained viability in Cheddar cheese at levels of up to 3 x 10(8) cfu/g during 9 months of ripening. Increased proteolysis and higher levels of some odor-active volatile compounds were observed in Cheddar cheeses containing the PR88 adjunct compared with the control throughout the ripening period. In addition, the enterococcal adjunct strain did not affect cheese composition. Although sensory evaluation showed no significant difference in flavor/aroma and body/texture scores between control and experimental cheeses, repeated comments by the commercial grader consistently described the cheeses containing PR88 as 'more advanced than the control' and as having 'better flavor'. These findings indicate that the presence of the PR88 adjunct strain in Cheddar cheese at levels of >/=10(8) cfu/g may positively influence Cheddar flavor.
Human Galanin: Molecular Cloning Reveals a Unique Structure (1991)

Galanin, a novel neuropeptide/hypothalamic hormone originally identified and isolated by virtue of its carboxy-terminal amide group, has recently been shown to have a diverse range of biological activities, including potent effects on the secretion of insulin and growth hormone. The physiological role of galanin remains unclear, with different effects being observed when porcine and rat galanin have been used in various animal model systems and in human studies. Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding human galanin and galanin mRNA associated peptide (GMAP) from both pituitary and neuroblastoma sources has revealed a unique and unexpected structure. In contrast to porcine, bovine and rodent galanin, human galanin lacks a carboxy-terminal amide. By analogy to other neurohormones, the absence of carboxy-terminal amidation would be expected to have significant effects on functional properties such as affinity for different receptor subtypes and physiological half life, and may be responsible for the species specificity observed in the action of galanin.
Minimally actuated serial robot (2017)

SUMMARY In this paper, we propose a novel type of serial robot with minimal actuation. The robot is a serial rigid structure consisting of multiple links connected by passive joints and of movable actuators. The novelty of this robot is that the actuators travel over the links to a given joint and adjust the relative angle between the two adjacent links. The joints passively preserve their angles until one of the actuators moves them again. This actuation can be applied to any serial robot with two or more links. This unique configuration enables the robot to undergo the same wide range of motions typically associated with hyper-redundant robots but with much fewer actuators. The robot is modular and its size and geometry can be easily changed. We describe the robot's mechanical design and kinematics in detail and demonstrate its capabilities for obstacle avoidance with some simulated examples. In addition, we show how an experimental robot fitted with a single mobile actuator can maneuver through a confined space to reach its target.
Acylation of Cotton Fabric with Isopropenyl Stearatel (1978)

Cellulose fabric is rapidly made water-repellent by direct acylation with isopropenyl stearate, which is representative of isopropenyl esters of long-chain fatty acids. The esterification produced a material with minor change in tensile strength. Acylation by isopropenyl stearate (IPS) was accomplished by transfer of reagent to cloth followed by heat- curing in an acid-catalyzed reaction. The low levels of catalyst (0.05% by weight of IPS), short curing periods (7-60 s), and low heating temperatures (~180°C) provided conditions for chemical incorporation of a fatty acid at low levels of substitution (DS < 0.001).
Performance evaluation of the PROCLEIX® West Nile virus assay on semi‐automated and automated systems (2007)

The PROCLEIX West Nile virus assay (WNV assay) is a qualitative nucleic acid test based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA). The assay was used under an investigational protocol in the United States to screen blood donations for West Nile virus (WNV) RNA starting in the summer of 2003, and was licensed by the FDA in December 2005 for use on the PROCLEIX System, also known as the enhanced semi-automated system (eSAS). Performance characteristics for the assay were determined on both eSAS and the fully automated PROCLEIX TIGRIS (TIGRIS) System. Detection of both lineage 1 and lineage 2 WNV was demonstrated on both systems. For lineage 1, the 95% detection limit was 8.2 copies/ml for eSAS and 9.8 copies/ml for the TIGRIS system. For lineage 2, > or =95% detection was seen at > or =30 copies/ml on both systems. The overall specificity of the assay was >99.9% in fresh and frozen plasma specimens. Reproducibility studies on the TIGRIS system yielded > or =99.1% agreement with expected results for the 3-member panel tested (0, 30, and 100 copies/ml). The WNV assay exhibited robust performance in cadaveric specimens and specimens representing various donor and donation conditions, including specimens from different plasma collection tubes that were subjected to multiple freeze/thaw cycles; specimens with elevated levels of endogenous substances; specimens containing other viruses and microorganisms; and specimens from patients with autoimmune and other diseases. Overall, these studies demonstrate high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the WNV assay on both the semi-automated and automated systems.
InAlGaN optical emitters: laser diodes with non-epitaxial cladding layers and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (2011)

We describe recent work on InGaN lasers and AlGaN UV LEDs at the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). The presentation includes results from InGaN laser diodes in which the usual epitaxial upper cladding layer is replaced with an evaporated or sputtered non-epitaxial material, such as indium tin oxide, silver, or a silver-palladium-copper alloy [1, 2]. Non-epitaxial cladding layers offer several advantages to long wavelength InGaN laser diodes, such as eliminating the need to expose vulnerable InGaN active layers to the high temperatures required for growing conventional p-AlGaN cladding layers subsequent to the active layer growth. The presentation also discusses our recent results on AlGaN UV LEDs. UV LEDs with 300 micron square geometries operating at λ = 325 nm exhibit output powers of 13 mW with differential quantum efficiencies of 0.054 W/A measured under wafer-level, unpackaged condition with no heat sink. LEDs operating at λ = 290 nm under similar test conditions display output powers of 1.6 mW for large-area 300 μm X 1 mm devices.
Recent advances for high-efficiency sources of single photons based on photonic nanowires (2012)

Photonic nanowires have recently been used to tailor the spontaneous emission of embedded quantum dots, and to develop record efficiency single-photon sources. We will present recent developments in this field mainly 1) the observation of a strong inhibition of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots in ultrathin photonic wires 2) the control of the linear polarization of the single photons by photonic wires with an elliptical section, 3) the joint observation (unlike-cavity-based devices) of a record high efficiency and pure single photon emission process in a photonic wire single photon source, 4) progress toward high-efficiency electrical-driven sources.
Continuous Flow Chemistry of Metal Mediated Carboxylation and α-Arylation Reactions (2014)

Utility of continuous flow chemistry in a carboxylation reaction and palladium-mediated α-arylation reaction is described. A two-step carboxylation reaction of an aryl group involving an anion formation, followed by quench with gaseous carbon dioxide was developed on small scale using HDPE tubes in a dry ice/acetone bath. The process was then scaled up using stainless steel tubes of larger diameter and static mixers to process 22 kg of material in a regular lab in 88% yield. Similarly, a continuous flow process for a hazardous palladium-mediated α-arylation reaction which had a significant exotherm during heat up was developed.
Stochastic Exposure Coding for Handling Multi-ToF-Camera Interference (2019)

As continuous-wave time-of-flight (C-ToF) cameras become popular in 3D imaging applications, they need to contend with the problem of multi-camera interference (MCI). In a multi-camera environment, a ToF camera may receive light from the sources of other cameras, resulting in large depth errors. In this paper, we propose stochastic exposure coding (SEC), a novel approach for mitigating. SEC involves dividing a camera's integration time into multiple slots, and switching the camera off and on stochastically during each slot. This approach has two benefits. First, by appropriately choosing the on probability for each slot, the camera can effectively filter out both the AC and DC components of interfering signals, thereby mitigating depth errors while also maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio. This enables high accuracy depth recovery with low power consumption. Second, this approach can be implemented without modifying the C-ToF camera's coding functions, and thus, can be used with a wide range of cameras with minimal changes. We demonstrate the performance benefits of SEC with theoretical analysis, simulations and real experiments, across a wide range of imaging scenarios.
Nonlinearity-Induced Spurs in Fractional-<i>N</i>Frequency Synthesizers (2022)

Fractional- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> frequency synthesizers are characterized by unwanted periodic components in their frequency spectra called spurs. In communications applications, spurs reduce the signal to noise ratio of the system; in clocking they add jitter; in radar and imaging, they can present ghost targets. Some spurs are due to parasitic electromagnetic coupling between components and can be mitigated by careful circuit layout. Others are inherent in the mathematics that describe the system and are best tackled using mathematical approaches. This brief considers spurs that are introduced directly by the divider controller and those that result from distortion of the control signal by nonlinearity in the synthesizer. It summarizes the state of the art in terms of divider controllers that are themselves spur-free and divider controllers that do not produce spurs when used in synthesizers with memoryless polynomial nonlinearities.
Implementation of a novel unified power flow controller into Newton-Raphson load flow (2017)

This paper presents a novel structure of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) and proposes a load flow method for power systems with this kind of UPFCs. The novel UPFC structure has been applied in the Nanjing UPFC project, where the shunt converter is connected to a 35 kV bus, while two series converters are installed on two 220 kV lines. In this paper, the equivalent model of the novel UPFC is analyzed. Then a load flow method is proposed based on the power injection model and Newton-Raphson algorithm. The method can deal with the UPFC of both the novel structure and the conventional structure. The feasibility of the method is validated by test cases of the modified 39-bus New England system. The results show that the iteration number is acceptable under various operation conditions.
Symbolic Execution of Virtual Devices (2013)

Device drivers are a principal source of failures in computer systems. Therefore, improving driver reliability greatly improves overall system reliability. However, driver development largely has to wait until a first stable version of the device becomes available. This dependency often leaves not enough time for driver validation. Recently, virtual machines and virtual devices have found their way into early driver development and validation. Virtual devices enable driver development even before real devices become available and bring complete observability and trace ability that evade real devices. We present an approach to static analysis of virtual devices which is central to achieving observability and traceability. This approach exercises the device model of a virtual device by symbolic execution. Based on the result of symbolic execution, a concrete test case is generated for each path through the device model, which has been exercised. We have applied this approach to virtual devices of five network adapters. The results show that this approach is feasible, efficient, and useful.
Optical dissolved oxygen sensor utilizing molybdenum chloride cluster phosphorescence (2011)

We report on an optical oxygen sensor for aqueous media. The phosphorescent signal from the indicator, K2Mo6Cl14, immobilized in a polymer matrix, is quenched by ground state O32. Continuous measurements (Δt=10 s) over 36 h in oxygen atmospheres (0%–21%) were obtained with a signal to noise ratio better than 150. Photobleaching was not observed over ∼13 000 measurements. The senor response at 10, 22, and 37 °C water is governed by bimolecular collisional quenching, as evidenced by a linear fit to the Stern–Volmer equation for dissolved oxygen in the range 0<[O2]<3×10−4.
Local lagged adapted generalized method of moments and applications (2016)

In this work, an attempt is made for developing the local lagged adapted generalized method of moments (LLGMM). This proposed method is composed of: 1) development of the stochastic model for continuous-time dynamic process; 2) development of the discrete-time interconnected dynamic model for statistic process; 3) utilization of Euler-type discretized scheme for nonlinear and nonstationary system of stochastic differential equations; 4) development of generalized method of moment/observation equations by employing lagged adaptive expectation process; 5) introduction of the conceptual and computational parameter estimation problem; 6) formulation of the conceptual and computational state estimation scheme; and 7) definition of the conditional mean square ε-best sub-optimal procedure. The development of LLGMM is motivated by parameter and state estimation problems in continuous-time nonlinear and nonstationary stochastic dynamic model validation problems in biological, chemical, engineering, financial, medical, physical, and social sciences. The byproducts of LLGMM are the balance between model specification and model prescription of continuous-time dynamic process and the development of discrete-time interconnected dynamic model of local sample mean and variance statistic process (DTIDMLSMVSP). DTIDMLSMVSP is the generalization of statistic (sample mean and variance) drawn from the static dynamic population problems. Moreover, it is also an alternative approach to the GARCH (1,1) model and its many related variant models (e.g., EGARCH model, GJR GARCH model). It provides an iterative scheme for updating statistic coefficients in a system of generalized method of moment/observation equations. Furthermore, application of the LLGMM method to stochastic differential dynamic models for energy commodity price, U.S. Treasury bill yield interest rate U.S.–U.K. foreign exchange rate exhibits its unique role and scope.
Learning priors for calibrating families of stereo cameras (2007)

Online camera recalibration is necessary for long-term deployment of computer vision systems. Existing algorithms assume that the source of recalibration information is a set of features in a general 3D scene; and that enough features are observed that the calibration problem is well-constrained. However; these assumptions are frequently invalid outside the laboratory. Real-world scenes often lack texture, contain repeated texture, or are mostly planar, making calibration difficult or impossible. In this paper we consider the calibration of families of stereo cameras, where each camera is assumed to have parameters drawn from a common but unknown prior distribution. We show how estimation of this prior using a small-number of offline-calibrated cameras (e.g. from the same production line) allows online calibration of additional cameras using a small number of point correspondences; and that using the estimated prior significantly increases the accuracy and robustness of stereo camera calibration.