gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Culture of Mouse Male Germline Stem Cells Under Serum-or Feeder-Free Conditions1 (2004)

Spermatogonial stem cells are the only stem cells in the body that transmit genetic information to the next generation. These cells can be cultured for extended periods in the presence of serum and feeder cells. However, little is known about factors that regulate self-renewal division of spermatogonial stem cells. In this investigation we examined the possibility of establishing culture systems for spermatogonial stem cells that lack serum or a feeder cell layer. Spermatogonial stem cells could expand in serum-free conditions on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), or were successfully cultivated without feeder cells on a laminin-coated plate. However, they could not expand when both serum and feeder cells were absent. Although the cells cultured on laminin differed phenotypically from those on feeder cells, they grew exponentially for at least 6 mo, and produced normal, fertile progeny following transplantation into infertile mouse testis. This culture system will provide a new opportunity for understanding the regulatory mechanism that governs spermatogonial stem cells.
Display. Full-Color Field Emission Display Developed by a New Driving Method. (1997)

A low-voltage field emission display (FED) was developed using the Spindt-type emitter as the cathode, the anode of which is driven at around 400 V. Forming the focusing electric field by switching the anode and gate electrodes, the new driving system eliminates crosstalk caused by dispersing electrons. A 12 cm-diagonal, 1/4 VGAs full-color FED was fabricated for the evaluation purpose. The result of the evaluation indicated the effectiveness of the obtained focusing property for the driving system of a full-color FED.
DNA Aptamers for Early Detection of Ebolavirus (2021)

Nucleic acid aptamers are emerging as the new generation molecular recognition elements for diagnostics based on their synthetic nature, stability under a wide range of temperatures and amenability to different sensing platforms. Aptamers can further be modified in sequence and chemically to increase their specificities and affinities for their target molecule and to enhance their stabilities in the presence of nucleases. Such characteristics are compatible with the small electrochemical aptasensor that we are developing for point of care diagnosis of infectious virus species. Ebola virus, which kills up to 90% of those it infects, is one of the deadliest known viruses. Being highly contagious, the Ebola virus calls for rapid diagnosis for isolation of infected individuals to prevent viral outbreak. For this purpose, we have selected DNA aptamers with high affinities and specificities for Ebola virus (EBOV) soluble glycoprotein (sGP). The presence of sGP in abundance into the blood stream of infected individuals even during the early stages of infection, makes it an excellent biomarker for diagnosis. The selected aptamers functioned well on a portable nanoporous aluminum oxide (NAAO) sensor to detect sGP in Ebola infected macaque serum samples. This NAAO sensor which allows label free detection of ebola infected serum samples, now being tested against many samples for accuracy of reporting, has the potential to greatly accelerate EBOV diagnosis on site and to automatically relay that information to central authorities, thereby preventing the spread of this highly contagious virus and saving thousands of lives.
An alternative approach for real-time SAR processing of highly squinted SAR data (2002)

Presents a new approach for high squint SAR processing, which consists basically of performing a one-dimensional range and azimuth compression followed by a two-dimensional convolution with a correction function. The main advantages of this approach are the simple hardware implementation, reduced computational and memory requirements and efficient time-domain correction of the range migration. A dedicated hardware, which consists of high speed digital signal processors, programmable logic devices and other integrated circuits, will be integrated in the airborne high resolution real-time SAR processor of DLR.
ViMSSIM (2012)

This paper presents a low complexity algorithm for video quality assessment, called ViMSSIM, which extends the image quality metric MS-SSIM to take into account visual perception of spatial and temporal quality of the video. First, we use a modified exponential moving average model to pool the MS-SSIM indices of all frames and create the spatial quality index. Next, we apply MS-SSIM to the frame-different images of the distorted video and the reference video. Here each pair i of frame differences is formed by taking the difference between frame i+1 of the original video and its previous frame i, and the difference between frame i+1 of the distorted video and frame i of the original video. Averaging the MS-SSIM indices of these frame-different images leads to the temporal quality index. The final quality index is the average of the computed spatial and temporal index. Testing on the LIVE video database consisting of 150 videos demonstrates that ViMSSIM performs well in predicting video quality. In addition, the proposed algorithm has significantly lower complexity compared to current state-of-the-art benchmark video quality metrics.
Chemotherapy-Response Monitoring of Breast Cancer Patients Using Quantitative Ultrasound-Based Intra-Tumour Heterogeneities (2017)

Anti-cancer therapies including chemotherapy aim to induce tumour cell death. Cell death introduces alterations in cell morphology and tissue micro-structures that cause measurable changes in tissue echogenicity. This study investigated the effectiveness of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parametric imaging to characterize intra-tumour heterogeneity and monitor the pathological response of breast cancer to chemotherapy in a large cohort of patients (n = 100). Results demonstrated that QUS imaging can non-invasively monitor pathological response and outcome of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy early following treatment initiation. Specifically, QUS biomarkers quantifying spatial heterogeneities in size, concentration and spacing of acoustic scatterers could predict treatment responses of patients with cross-validated accuracies of 82 ± 0.7%, 86 ± 0.7% and 85 ± 0.9% and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.75 ± 0.1, 0.80 ± 0.1 and 0.89 ± 0.1 at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the start of treatment, respectively. The patients classified as responders and non-responders using QUS biomarkers demonstrated significantly different survivals, in good agreement with clinical and pathological endpoints. The results form a basis for using early predictive information on survival-linked patient response to facilitate adapting standard anti-cancer treatments on an individual patient basis.
A 15nW Per Button Noise-Immune Readout IC for Capacitive Touch Sensor (2018)

This paper presents a readout IC that uses an asynchronous charge-redistribution-based capacitance-to-digital-converter (CDC) to digitize the capacitance of a touch sensor. Thanks to the power efficient tracking algorithm, the CDC consumes negligible power consumption in the absence of touch events. To facilitate stand-alone or wake-on-touch applications, the CDC can be periodically triggered by a co-integrated ultra-low power relaxation oscillator. At a 38 Hz scan-rate, the readout IC consumes 15 nW per touch sensor, which is the lowest reported to date.
Going for mainstream deammonification from bench to full scale for maximized resource efficiency (2013)

A three-pronged coordinated research effort was undertaken by cooperating utilities at three different experimental scales investigating bioaugmentation, enrichment and performance of anammox organisms in mainstream treatment. Two major technological components were applied: density-based sludge wasting by a selective cyclone to retain anammox granules and intermittent aeration to repress nitrite oxidizers. This paper evaluates process conditions and operation modes to direct more nitrogen to the resource-saving metabolic route of deammonification.
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Targeted to the Tumor Vasculature for Breast Cancer Treatment (2008)

Abstract : This project explores a novel treatment of breast cancer that uses single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in photodynamic therapy, in which the SWNTs are targeted to the endothelial cells that line the tumor vasculature. The purpose of this project is to evaluate this treatment concept using human endothelial cells in vitro. Recombinant annexin V has been produced in good purity and high yield, and it has been shown to bind strongly to plastic-immobilized phosphatidylserine (PS), with a dissociation constant (Kd ) of 5.1 nM. A new method was developed for conjugating amino groups of annexin V to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that retains the strong absorbance of the SWNTs at 980 nm. This method uses the linker fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-amine-PEG-succinimidyl carboxy methyl ester. The loading of annexin V on the SWNTs was high (7.7 mg protein/mg SWNTs). Human endothelial cells grown in vitro could be killed almost completely when SWNT-Fmoc-PEG-annexin V was bound to the cells and with laser light at 980 nm and an energy density of 195 J/cm2. By contract, there was no harm to cells with SWNT-Fmoc-PEG-annexin V bound and no laser treatment, and there was no harm to cells with no SWNT-Fmoc-PEG-annexin V bound receiving laser treatment.
Oxygen storage material production useful in exhaust gas cleaning catalyst, involves mixing aqueous solution of cerium oxide precursor with aqueous solution of precursor of oxide of metal, and adding first precipitation agent to mixture. (2003)

NOVELTY - Oxygen storage material production comprises mixing aqueous solution of cerium oxide precursor with aqueous solution of precursor of oxide of metal to form mixture, adding first precipita ...
Optical Doppler Tomography: Imaging <i>in vivo</i> Blood Flow Dynamics Following Pharmacological Intervention and Photodynamic Therapy (1998)

ABSTRACT A noninvasive optical technique has been developed for imaging in vivo blood flow dynamics and vessel structure with high spatial resolution. The technique is based on optical Doppler tomography, which combines Doppler velocimetry with optical coherence tomography to measure blood flow velocity at discrete spatial locations in turbid biological tissue. Applications of this technique for monitoring changes in blood flow dynamics and vessel structure following pharmacological intervention and photodynamic therapy are demonstrated.
Enviromentally friendly technologies for the pulp and paper industry (1998)

Partial table of contents: The Need for New Technologies in the Pulp and Paper Industry (M. Akhtar & R. Young) CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS TO PULP AND PAPER PROCESSING. Developments in Organosolv Pulping--An Overview (H. Hergert). Catalyzed Alcohol Organosolv Pulping (L. Paszner). Steam Explosion Pulping (B. Kokta & A. Ahmed). BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS TO PULP AND PAPER PROCESSING. Taxonomy of Industrially Important White-Rot Fungi (H. Burdsall). Engineering, Scale-Up, and Economic Aspects of Fungal Pretreatment of Wood Chips (G. Scott, et al.). Fungal Pretreatment for Organosolv Pulping Dissolving Pulp Production (A. Ferraz, et al.). Biological Approach for Pulping and Bleaching of Nonwoody Plants (H. Sabharwal). Bleaching Kraft Pulps with White-Rot Fungi (I. Reid). Fungal Treatment of Wood Chips to Remove Extractives (C. Breuil, et al.). Index.
Selective Contribution of the Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway to Protein Secretion in Bacillus subtilis (2002)

The availability of the complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis has allowed the prediction of all exported proteins of this Gram-positive eubacterium. Recently, approximately 180 secretory and 114 lipoprotein signal peptides were predicted to direct protein export from the cytoplasm. Whereas most exported proteins appear to use the Sec pathway, 69 of these proteins could potentially use the Tat pathway, as their signal peptides contain RR- or KR-motifs. In the present studies, proteomic techniques were applied to verify how many extracellular B. subtilis proteins follow the Tat pathway. Strikingly, the extracellular accumulation of 13 proteins with potential RR/KR-signal peptides was Tat-independent, showing that their RR/KR-motifs are not recognized by the Tat machinery. In fact, only the phosphodiesterase PhoD was shown to be secreted in a strictly Tat-dependent manner. Sodium azide-inhibition of SecA strongly affected the extracellular appearance of de novo synthesized proteins, including the lipase LipA and two other proteins with predicted RR/KR-signal peptides. The SecA-dependent export of pre-LipA is particularly remarkable, because its RR-signal peptide conforms well to stringent criteria for the prediction of Tat-dependent export in Escherichia coli. Taken together, our observations show that the Tat pathway makes a highly selective contribution to the extracellular proteome of B. subtilis.
Advancing Acoustic-to-Word CTC Model (2018)

The acoustic-to-word model based on the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) criterion was shown as a natural end-to-end (E2E) model directly targeting words as output units. However, the word-based CTC model suffers from the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) issue as it can only model limited number of words in the output layer and maps all the remaining words into an OOV output node. Hence, such a word-based CTC model can only recognize the frequent words modeled by the network output nodes. Our first attempt to improve the acoustic-to-word model is a hybrid CTC model which consults a letter-based CTC when the word-based CTC model emits OOV tokens during testing time. Then, we propose a much better solution by training a mixed-unit CTC model which decomposes all the OOV words into sequences of frequent words and multi-letter units. Evaluated on a 3400 hours Microsoft Cortana voice assistant task, the final acoustic-to-word solution improves the baseline word-based CTC by relative 12.09% word error rate (WER) reduction when combined with our proposed attention CTC. Such an E2E model without using any language model (LM) or complex decoder outperforms the traditional context-dependent phoneme CTC which has strong LM and decoder by relative 6.79%.
<title>Test of holographic SiC gratings for high-power synchrotron radiation</title> (1993)

SiC laminar gratings have been fabricated by reactive ion-beam etching and holographic exposure. Diffraction efficiencies were measured in the region between 17 angstroms and 300 angstroms. The efficiency of the +1 order was 5 to 20% in this region with a small amount of scattered lights. An irradiation test for the SiC gratings was performed by using intense radiation with a power density of 2.7 W/mm<SUP>2</SUP> emitted from a multipole wiggler installed into the 2.5 GeV Photon Factory ring. No visible damages and no reduction of the diffraction efficiencies were observed for the uncoated SiC grating after the irradiation, while a remarkable deformation of the deposited Au layer and increase of the scattered light component were observed for the grating coated with Au. In addition to these results, some experimental results of polishability of CVD-SiC are reported.
Jump detection using fuzzy logic (2014)

Jump detection and measurement is of particular interest in a wide range of sports, including snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, wakeboarding, motorcycling, biking, gymnastics, and the high jump, among others. However, determining jump duration and height is often difficult and requires expert knowledge or visual analysis either in real-time or using video. Recent advances in low-cost MEMS inertial sensors enable a data-driven approach to jump detection and measurement. Today, inertial and GPS sensors attached to an athlete or to his or her equipment, e.g. snowboard, skateboard, or skis, can collect data during sporting activities. In these real life applications, effects such as vibration, sensor noise and bias, and various athletic maneuvers make jump detection difficult even using multiple sensors. This paper presents a fuzzy logic-based algorithm for jump detection in sport using accelerometer data. Fuzzy logic facilitates conversion of human intuition and vague linguistic descriptions of jumps to algorithmic form. The fuzzy algorithm described here was applied to snowboarding and ski jumping data, and successfully detected 92% of snowboarding jumps identified visually (rejecting 8% of jumps identified visually), with only 8% of detected jumps being false positives. In ski jumping, it successfully detected 100% of jumps identified visually, with no false positives. The fuzzy algorithm presented here has successfully been applied to automate jump detection in ski and snowboarding on a large scale, and as the basis of the AlpineReplay ski and snowboarding smartphone app, has identified 6370971 jumps from August 2011 through June 2014.
Optical coherence tomography for an adaptive optics retina camera (2003)

We have constructed a parallel optical coherence tomographic (OCT) system that is designed to work with adaptive optics (AO) for imaging single cells in the living human retina. The high-axial resolution of OCT combined with the high-transverse resolution of AO provides a powerful imaging tool whose image quality can surpass either methodology performing alone. 3-D reconstructions were obtained of a stack of cover slips and in vitro bovine retina. Reconstructions of the bovine retina contained sufficient sensitivity to reveal clear stratification of several retinal and choroidal layers, and arrangement of individual blood vessels. The results suggest that an OCT-AO camera should substantially improve our ability to detect single cells in the retina over the current state-of-the-art AO retina cameras.
Mid-wavelength high operating temperature barrier infrared detector and focal plane array (2018)

We analyze and compare different aspects of InAs/InAsSb and InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for infrared detector applications and argue that the former is the most effective when implemented for mid-wavelength infrared detectors. We then report results on an InAs/InAsSb superlattice based mid-wavelength high operating temperature barrier infrared detector. At 150 K, the 50% cutoff wavelength is 5.37 μm, the quantum efficiency at 4.5 μm is ∼52% without anti-reflection coating, the dark current density under −0.2 V bias is 4.5 × 10−5 A/cm2, and the dark-current-limited and the f/2 black-body (300 K background in 3–5 μm band) specific detectivities are 4.6 × 1011 and 3.0 × 1011 cm-Hz1/2/W, respectively. A focal plane array made from the same material exhibits a mean noise equivalent differential temperature of 18.7 mK at 160 K operating temperature with an f/2 optics and a 300 K background, demonstrating significantly higher operating temperature than InSb.
New Isomerization Technology for High Fructose Syrup Production (1989)

Abstract A modern glucose isomerization system has been developed which differs from conventional immobilized systems which use isomerases such as crosslinked cell‐based products; the latter are discarded after enzyme inactivation. The newer system consists of two separate phases: an inert, regenerable carrier that has a high protein binding capacity, and an enzyme solution containing a pure isomerase protein. This system offers different possibilities for the immobilization: Batch immobilization loading the carrier fully with the enzyme. Batch immobilization loading the carrier only partly with the enzyme. Continuous or semi‐continuous loading of the carrier with enzyme during the isomerization process. The technique of a gradual addition of enzyme to the column during the isomerization process, which is called „on‐column loading”︁, is a flexible system providing several advantages compared to the traditional isomerization technology Initial flow rate according to current needs. Flexible capacity adjustable according to the syrup need of the markets. Few isomerization columns needed for stable and even operation. simple to operate. Uninterrupted operation for up to two years. Low isomerization costs. This technology has been successfully tested in plant scale in several HFS plants, and one plant has been totally designed to be operated with this technology. this plant has been in operation for more than 1.5 years with the full satisfaction of the user.
Activins and Inhibins and Their Signaling (2004)

Activins and inhibins, which were discovered by virtue of their abilities to stimulate or inhibit, respectively, the secretion of FSH, are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily and exert a broad range of effects on the diffentiation, proliferation and functions of numerous cell types. Activins interact with two structurally related classes of serine/threonine kinase receptors (type I and type II). Inhibin antagonizes activin by binding to the proteoglycan, betaglycan, and forming a stable complex with and, thereby, sequestering type II activin receptors while excluding type I receptors. If betaglycan is present, inhibin can also antagonize those bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) whose signaling is dependent upon access to type II activin receptors. Recent insights regarding the structures of ligands, receptors and their signaling complexes are providing the basis for the development of therapeutics capable of modulating fertility and numerous pathophysiologic processes.
Generation of polarization entanglement from spatially correlated photons in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (2008)

We propose a scheme to generate polarization entanglement from spatially correlated photon pairs. We experimentally realized a scheme by means of a spatial correlation effect in a spontaneous parametric down-conversion and a modified Michelson interferometer. The scheme we propose in this paper can be interpreted as a conversion process from spatial correlation to polarization entanglement.
Synthesis of Li2S-Carbon Cathode Materials via Carbothermic Reduction of Li2SO4 (2019)

Pre-lithiated sulfur materials are promising cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries. The synthesis of lithium sulfide-carbon (Li2S-C) composite by carbothermic reduction of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) is investigated in this study. The relationship between reaction temperature and the consumption of carbon in the carbothermic reduction of Li2SO4 is first investigated to precisely control the carbon content in the resultant Li2S-C composites. To understand the relationship between the material structure and the electrochemical properties, Li2S-C composites with the same carbon content are subsequently synthesized by controlling the mass ratio of Li2SO4/carbon and the reaction temperature. Systematic electrochemical analyses and microscopic characterizations demonstrate that the size of the Li2S particles dispersed in the carbon matrix is the key parameter determining the electrochemical performance. A reversible capacity of 600 mAh g-1 is achieved under lean electrolyte condition with high Li2S areal loading.