gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preface: The Aging Eye: Normal Changes, Age-Related Diseases, and Sight-Saving Approaches (2013)

This volume presents articles based on a workshop held June 14 to 16, 2013 in Rancho Palos Verde, CA sponsored by the Ocular Research Symposia Foundation (ORSF). The mission of the ORSF is to focus attention on unmet needs and current research opportunities in eye research with the objective of accelerating translation of research findings to effective clinical care. In this workshop, the subject of the "The Aging Eye" was addressed, including the prevalence of eye diseases in aging and the economic burden imposed by these diseases. New research work was highlighted on the genetics, biology, biochemistry, neurochemistry, and the impact of nutrition and the environment on function in the older eye. By identifying "low-hanging fruit" (i.e., the best opportunities for successful transition of laboratory research for the prevention of and new treatments and cures for ocular diseases), we seek to spur funding at both the basic research and clinical levels, resulting in sight-saving and sight-restoration measures in the near future.
Enhancement-Mode Si 3 N 4 /AlGaN/GaN MISHFETs (2006)

insulator–semiconductor HFETs (MISHFETs) with a 1-µm gate footprint are demonstrated by combining CF4 plasma treatment technique and a two-step Si3N4 deposition process. The threshold voltage has been shifted from −4 [for depletion-mode HFET] to 2 V using the techniques. A 15-nm Si3N4 layer is inserted under the metal gate to provide additional isolation between the gate Schottky contact and AlGaN surface, which can lead to reduced gate leakage current and higher gate turn-on voltage. The two-step Si3N4 deposition process is developed to reduce the gate coupling capacitances in the source and drain access region, while assuring the plasma-treated gate region being fully covered by the gate electrode. The forward turn-on gate bias of the MISHFETs is as large as 7 V, at which a maximum current density of 420 mA/mm is obtained. The small-signal RF measurements show that the current gain cutoff frequency (fT) and power gain cutoff frequency (fmax) are 13.3 and 23.3 GHz, respectively. Index Terms—AlGaN/GaN, enhancement-mode (E-mode) MISHFET, fluoride-based plasma treatment, Si3N4.
Reconnecting south-west treegrowers (2013)

The South West Branch of the AFG held its first major event since the branch was launched in June 2010. More than 75 people participated in a diverse farm forestry field day near Bridgetown in south-west Western Australia on a fine Saturday last November.
<i>In situ</i> substrate surface cleaning by low-energy ion bombardment for high quality thin film formation (1993)

The in situ cleaning of a substrate surface by low-energy ion bombardment is discussed concentrating on the effect on the quality of sputter-deposited metal thin films. The removal of carbon from the wafer surface with the addition of H2 to Ar plasma atmosphere during the in situ cleaning was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry evaluation. High crystallinity Ti films were obtained by deposition using Ar/H2 in situ cleaning by low-energy ion bombardment. By the introduction of the Ar/H2 plasma in situ substrate surface cleaning, Ti film growth by sputtering was confirmed to improve its crystallinity and its surface smoothness.
Iron-Catalyzed Kharasch-Type Reaction Between Grignard Reagents and Allylic Phosphates.Highly S<sub>N</sub>2 Selective Cross-Coupling Process (1991)

Treatment of primary allylic phosphates in tetrahydrofuran with Grignard reagents in the presence of an iron catalyst gave cross-coupling products with high SN2 selectivity. Among several phosphate leaving groups, diphenylphosphate ester showed the highest regioselectivity.
Formulation of Controlled Release Gellan Gum Macro Beads of Amoxicillin (2010)

Gellan gum has been reported to have wide pharmaceutical applications such as tablet binder, disintegrant, gelling agent and as a controlled release polymer. Multiparticulate delivery systems spread out more uniformly in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the local irritation. The purpose of this study is to explore possible applicability of gellan macro beads as an oral controlled release system of a sparingly soluble drug, amoxicillin. Gellan gum beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation with calcium ions. The effect of drug loading, stirring time, polymer concentration, electrolyte (CaCl2) concentration, curing time etc. influencing the preparation of the gellan gum macro beads and the drug release from gellan gum beads were investigated in this study. Optimal preparation conditions allowed very high incorporation efficiency for amoxicillin (91%) The release kinetics of amoxicillin from gellan beads followed the diffusion model for an inert porous matrix in the order: 0.1 N HCl > phosphate buffer > distilled water. Change in curing time did not significantly affect the release rate constant, but drug concentration, polymer concentration and electrolyte concentration significantly affect the release rate of amoxicillin from the beads. The gellan macro beads may be suitable for gastro retentive controlled delivery of amoxicillin.
The Terminal Sequence of Complement Plays an Essential Role in Antibody-Mediated Renal Cell Apoptosis (1999)

Mesangial cell (MC) injury is a characteristic feature in the early phase of Thy.1 nephritis. The present study investigates the contribution of complement to MC apoptosis in this experimental model of kidney disease in rats. Thy.1 nephritis was induced by injection of mouse anti-Thy.1 monoclonal antibody (ER4G). To assess the contribution of the terminal sequence of complement on apoptosis, the studies were performed in complement-sufficient PVG/c (PVG/c+) rats and in rats deficient in complement C6 (PVG/c-). Apoptosis was monitored by assessment of the number of condensed nuclei in kidney sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and expressed as number of apoptotic cells per 50 glomerular cross sections. In the PAS method, 1 h after intravenous injection of ER4G, PVG/c+ rats exhibited 160.9 +/- 49.5 apoptotic cells, whereas PVG/c- rats had only 3.2 +/- 1.4 apoptotic cells. Control rats exhibited 0.9 +/- 0.6 apoptotic cells. These findings were confirmed with the TUNEL method. In PVG/c- rats, a maximum number of 8.8 +/- 3.1 TUNEL-positive (TUNEL+) cells was found at 6 h followed by a decline thereafter. In PVG/c+ rats, apoptosis was associated with deposition of C6 and C5b-9. Restoration of the complement system of PVG/c- rats with purified human C6 resulted in an increase of apoptosis at 1 h after injection of ER4G from minimal numbers to 239.9 +/- 52.4 TUNEL+ cells. These studies appear to indicate for the first time that the terminal sequence of complement is involved in induction of apoptosis.
Dynamic Voltage Equalization for Series-Connected Ultracapacitors in EV/HEV Applications (2009)

Energy-storage systems (ESSs) play an important role in electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid EV (HEV) applications. In the system, an ultracapacitor is preferred for high power buffer and regenerative braking energy storage because it has the advantages of high power density, long life cycles, and high efficiency. While in the high-voltage application, the ultracapacitors are employed in series, and the voltage unbalance issue must be taken care of. This paper presents a novel circuit for equalizing a series ultracapacitor stack, which is based on a dc-dc converter. The proposed voltage-equalization circuit derives energy from the series ultracapacitor stack and transfers them to the weakest ultracapacitor cell. The equalizer balances the whole stack by sequentially compensating the weak ultracapacitor cells. Unlike previous methods for battery-storage systems, which include complex circuit detecting and comparing the voltages of capacitor cells, the novel equalizer can realize autonomic voltage equalization without voltage detection and comparison, and it is more efficient with the soft switching method, which is a benefit for high-power applications in EV/HEV. The simulation and experiment results validate the feasibility of the proposed equalization circuits.
Distinct Roles of the Molecular Chaperone hsp90 in Modulating Dioxin Receptor Function via the Basic Helix-Loop-Helix and PAS Domains (1995)

The intracellular dioxin receptor mediates signal transduction by dioxin and functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. It contains a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif contiguous with a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) homology region. In extracts from nonstimulated cells the receptor is recovered in an inducible cytoplasmic form associated with the 90-kDa heat shock protein (hsp90), a molecular chaperone. We have reconstituted ligand-dependent activation of the receptor to a DNA-binding form by using the dioxin receptor and its bHLH-PAS partner factor Arnt expressed by in vitro translation in reticulocyte lysate. Deletion of the PAS domain of the receptor resulted in constitutive dimerization with Arnt. In contrast, this receptor mutant showed low levels of xenobiotic response element-binding activity, indicating that the PAS domain may be important for DNA-binding affinity and/or specificity of the receptor. It was not possible to reconstitute dioxin receptor function with proteins expressed in wheat germ lysate. In line with these observations, reticulocyte lysate but not wheat germ lysate promoted the association of de novo synthesized dioxin receptor with hsp90. At least two distinct domains of the receptor mediated interaction with hsp90: the ligand-binding domain located within the PAS region and, surprisingly, the bHLH domain. Whereas ligand-binding activity correlated with association with hsp90, bHLH-hsp90 interaction appeared to be important for DNA-binding activity but not for dimerization of the receptor. Several distinct roles for hsp90 in modulating dioxin receptor function are therefore likely: correct folding of the ligand-binding domain, interference with Arnt heterodimerization, and folding of a DNA-binding conformation of the bHLH domain. Thus, the dioxin receptor system provides a complex and interesting model of the regulation of transcription factors by hsp90.
The Core and Most Useful Molecules in Organic Chemistry (2006)

The fruitful core: Organic syntheses reported in the literature from 1850 to 2004 are analyzed with mathematical tools from network theory and statistical physics. There is a set of substances (the core) from which the majority of other organic compounds can be made (see picture; red: core, blue: periphery, green: islands). Search algorithms are used to identify small optimal sets of maximally useful chemicals. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600881_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Future challenges in the clinical development of thymidylate synthase inhibitor compounds. (1997)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a folate-dependent enzyme that plays a critical role in providing the thymidylate nucleotide precursors essential for DNA biosynthesis. Given the increased metabolic demands that accompany malignant cell proliferation, it has been well-appreciated that TS represents an important target for cancer therapy. The fluoropyrimidines were the first class of agents to be directed against TS. As a result of extensive preclinical and clinical investigations, new inhibitor compounds of TS were subsequently designed and developed. This class of antifolate analogues includes ZD1694 (Tomudex), LY231514 (MTA), BW1843U89, ZD9331, AG331, and AG337. Although each of these analogues acts to inhibit TS, the data from both preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that they may each have a different spectrum of tumors against which they are active. In this commentary, an update of the current status of TS inhibitor compounds is presented. Finally, the future challenges that lie ahead in the clinical development with specific focus on identifying those critical factors that will determine the spectrum of antitumor activity and therapeutic selectivity of this interesting class of compounds are discussed.
Toughening and reinforcing in rigid inorganic particulate filled poly(propylene): A review (2001)

Abstract The recent advances in the toughening and reinforcing methods and theories in rigid inorganic particulate (RIP)‐filled poly(propylene) (PP) composites have been reviewed. Studies have shown that under given conditions, in addition to the obvious increase of modulus, an obvious brittle–ductile transition also appears in these composites. The key to toughening a polymer is the role that inclusions can play as agents that (1) induce extensive plastic deformation following the interfacial debonding between the inclusion itself and the matrix, (2) induce shear yielding of the matrix, and (3) terminate the propagation of cracks. The main factors with regard to reinforcing mechanisms are how to enhance the interfacial bonding between the particles and the matrix and how to improve the dispersion of inclusions in the matrix. The major theories interpreting the toughening mechanisms of polymer–RIP composites include micro‐voiding theory, damage competition theory, shear yielding theory, etc. It is necessary to form a soft shell/hard core structure to simultaneously toughen and reinforce polymers. Therefore, RIPs should be encapsulated with an elastic thin layer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1547–1555, 2002
Treatment of Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Fibronectin and Fetal Calf Serum Increases Osteoblast Adhesion and Proliferation In Vitro (2008)

In vitro attachment and proliferation of bone-forming cells on hydroxyapatite is significantly increased by pretreatment with fibronectin/fetal calf serum, but this difference is less profound and not significant in vivo.
Digital Preservation & Emulation: From Theory to Practice. (2001)

This paper considers the use of emulation for digital preservation. After describing the theoretical background provided by mathematical logic, the paper moves on to consider practical issues in the use of emulation for digital preservation.
Reversible Size Control of Liquid‐Metal Nanoparticles under Ultrasonication (2015)

This paper describes the reversible control of the size of liquid-metal nanoparticles under ultrasonication. Gallium was utilized as a liquid metal, which has a melting point of 29.8 °C. Investigating the effects of ultrasonication (power, time, and temperature) on the formation of gallium nanoparticles revealed that the process is similar to the formation of oil in water (O/W) or water in oil (W/O) emulsions, as the temperature significantly affects the size of the gallium nanoparticles (GaNPs). Under ultrasonication, the balance between the break-up and coalescence of the GaNPs can be adjusted by changing the temperature or adding acid through modulating the natural surface oxide layer (which can be removed with acid) and the stabilizing effect of the surfactant dodecanethiol. Coalescence was predominant at higher temperatures, whereas particle break-up was found to be predominant at lower temperatures. Furthermore, the change in size was accompanied by a shift in the plasmonic absorption of the GaNPs in the UV region.
Prevalence and Impact of Medical Comorbidity in Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Despite the limitation of a cross-sectional design, our initial findings suggest that there is a strong association between medical comorbidity and cognitive status in AD. Optimal management of medical illnesses may offer potential to improve cognition in AD.
Effect of subcutaneously administered 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane on plasmacytoma growth. (1980)

2,6,10,14-Tetramethylpentadecane (pristane), s.c. injected simultaneously with plasmacytoma inocula, enhances the transplantability of tumor cells. The effect is dose and time dependent. The enhancement is shown only by plasmacytoma (MOPC-315 and MPC-11) and not by the murine lymphosarcoma and chondrosarcoma tested. Various mechanisms, such as stress and depression of humoral and cellular immunity, have been considered.
Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) as a fluorinating agent of pyrimidine nucleosides having a 2',3'-vicinal diol system. (1990)

Displacement of a hydroxyl group in pyrimidine nucleosides having a vicinal diol system by a fluorine atom was investigated by using diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). Though participation of the base moiety often thwarts the desired introduction of a fluorine atom, it was found that appropriate modification of the base and/or sugar moieties allowed the desired fluorodehydroxylation to occur, giving 5'-, 3'-β-, and 2'-α-fluorinated uracilnucleosides in good yields.
Garbage collection for strongly-typed languages using run-time type reconstruction (1994)

Garbage collectors perform two functions: live-object detection and dead-object reclamation . In this paper, we present a new technique for live-object detection based on run-time type reconstruction for a strongly typed, polymorphic language. This scheme uses compile-time type information together with the run-time tree of activation frames to determine the exact type of every object participating in the computation. These reconstructed types are then used to identify and traverse the live heap objects during garbage collection. We describe an implementation of our scheme for the Id parallel programming language compiled for the *T multiprocessor architecture. We present simulation studies that compare the performance of type-reconstructing garbage collection with conservative garbage collection and compiler-directed storage reclamation.
Use of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for PVC (2016)

This work is aimed to study the suitability of cardanol derivatives as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride), (PVC). The plasticizers are obtained by chemical modification of cardanol, a natural, renewable resource, obtained as a by‐product of the cashew nut shell industry. Due to the choice of environmentally friendly chemical modification routes, partial conversion of cardanol to the target compounds was obtained. Consequently, the tested plasticizers were composed of a mixture of different cardanol derivatives. Rheological tests on PVC plastisols obtained with neat cardanol showed that cardanol must be subjected to chemical modifications, such as acetylation and epoxidation, in order to perform as an effective plasticizer. In particular, only after epoxidation, does the cardanol derivative become fully soluble in PVC. PVC plastisols obtained with such cardanol derivatives present a similar gelation temperature compared to bis (2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) based plastisols. Mechanical properties of the flexible PVC produced by the addition of cardanol derived plasticizer after epoxidation are also comparable to those attained by the use of DEHP. Nevertheless ageing tests showed an accelerated migration of cardanol derived plasticizer, attributed to the loss of unreacted cardanol present in the plasticizer, which was in turn responsible for a significantly faster degradation of the properties, compared to flexible PVC containing DEHP. This highlights the relevance of achieving a high yield of the acetylation and epoxidation reactions, which is a relevant issue of the future research and development activities in this field. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:E62–E70, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Simultaneous Low-rank Component and Graph Estimation for High-dimensional Graph Signals: Application to Brain Imaging (2016)

We propose an algorithm to uncover the intrinsic low-rank component of a high-dimensional, graph-smooth and grossly-corrupted dataset, under the situations that the underlying graph is unknown. Based on a model with a low-rank component plus a sparse perturbation, and an initial graph estimation, our proposed algorithm simultaneously learns the low-rank component and refines the graph. Our evaluations using synthetic and real brain imaging data in unsupervised and supervised classification tasks demonstrate encouraging performance.
Column chromatographic isolation of the anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucosides from grapes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColumn chromatographic isolation of the anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucosides from grapesGeza. HrazdinaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 2, 243–245Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60168a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60168a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts