gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed-point error analysis and wordlength optimization of a distributed arithmetic based 8×8 2D-IDCT architecture (2002)

The two dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) has been used widely for various image and video processing standards. Efficient implementation of the algorithm requires fixed-point arithmetic, which may result in a noticeable mismatch between the encoder and the decoder. The finite wordlength effects of a distributed arithmetic based 8/spl times/8 2D-IDCT (inverse discrete cosine transform) are analytically modeled. In order to accurately model the implementation hardware, the ensemble average of integer domain fixed-point errors after rounding is evaluated not only by calculating the mean and the variance but by considering the statistical distribution as well. Based on the error model, a set of optimum wordlengths conforming to the IEEE specifications is determined. There is a close agreement between the model and the bit-accurate simulation results.
Enhancing the low frequency vibration reduction performance of plates with embedded Acoustic Black Holes (2014)

Embedded Acoustic Black Holes (ABH) have been investigated as a passive treatment for noise and vibration control. The ABH effect is produced from a plate thickness power taper which results in a local asymptotic reduction of wave speed within the ABH. Theoretically the local wave speed approaches zero at the ABH center, causing the waves to take an infinite amount of time to reach the center, thus the waves are “trapped” in the black hole. This work focused on the low frequency performance of plates with periodic grids of ABHs for structural vibration and radiated sound reduction. Plates with embedded ABH grids were modeled with detailed Finite / Boundary Element models. The results show the ABHs reduce the narrow band vibration and radiated sound power by up to approximately 20 dB or more over that of the heavier uniform panel, at frequencies below the theoretical cut-on of the ABH as a broadband absorber. The low frequency performance of the ABH grids can be tailored based on the low frequency vibration characteristics of the ABH unit cell. Detailed results for several ABH plate configurations are presented giving insight into key ABH low frequency design performance characteristics.
From Tag to Protect: A Tag-Driven Policy Recommender System for Image Sharing (2017)

Sharing images on social network sites has become a part of daily routine for more and more online users. However, in face of the considerable amount of images shared online, it is not a trivial task for a person to manually configure proper privacy settings for each of the images that he/she uploaded. The lack of proper privacy protection during image sharing could raise many potential privacy breaches of people's private lives that they are not aware of. In this work, we propose a privacy setting recommender system to help people effortlessly set up the privacy settings for their online images. The key idea is developed based on our finding that there are certain correlations between a number of generic patterns of image privacy settings and image tags, regardless of the image owners' individual privacy bias and levels of awareness. We propose a multi-pronged mechanism that carefully analyzes tags' semantics and co-presence to derive a set of suitable privacy settings for a newly uploaded image. Our system is also capable of dealing with cold-start problem when there are very few image tags available. We have conducted extensive experimental studies and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of the policy recommendation accuracy.
Full paper: Witness-based evidence generation in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (2009)

Abstract—Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a novel communication scenario. They allow vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. New services are envisioned through these networks affecting road traffic safety. Current proposals are based on sharing each vehicle´s perceptions about their own environment. Nevertheless, it is also possible for a vehicle to know the status of their neighbours in a given moment. Thus, a vehicle can obtain from their neighbours their perceptions about its status. Neighbours then become witnesses. Sometimes it is necessary to prove a vehicle´s behavior in a given moment (e.g. accident dispute, speeding fines, etc.). As own sensors can be tampered with, having testimonies from witnesses can contribute to have a reliable source of information. In this work we present EVIGEN, a protocol to obtain such testimonies and generate digital evidences. A security analysis is performed to verify the accomplishment of evidence generation requirements. Index Terms—EVIGEN, digital evidence, VANET, witness. I.
Segmentation given partial grouping constraints (2004)

We consider data clustering problems where partial grouping is known a priori. We formulate such biased grouping problems as a constrained optimization problem, where structural properties of the data define the goodness of a grouping and partial grouping cues define the feasibility of a grouping. We enforce grouping smoothness and fairness on labeled data points so that sparse partial grouping information can be effectively propagated to the unlabeled data. Considering the normalized cuts criterion in particular, our formulation leads to a constrained eigenvalue problem. By generalizing the Rayleigh-Ritz theorem to projected matrices, we find the global optimum in the relaxed continuous domain by eigendecomposition, from which a near-global optimum to the discrete labeling problem can be obtained effectively. We apply our method to real image segmentation problems, where partial grouping priors can often be derived based on a crude spatial attentional map that binds places with common salient features or focuses on expected object locations. We demonstrate not only that it is possible to integrate both image structures and priors in a single grouping process, but also that objects can be segregated from the background without specific object knowledge.
βig-h3 Interacts Directly with Biglycan and Decorin, Promotes Collagen VI Aggregation, and Participates in Ternary Complexing with These Macromolecules (2006)

Recombinant human beta ig-h3 was found to bind 125I-labeled small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), biglycan, and decorin, in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. In each instance the binding could be blocked by an excess of the unlabeled proteoglycan, confirming the specificity of the interaction. Scatchard analysis showed that biglycan bound beta ig-h3 more avidly than decorin with Kd values estimated as 5.88 x 10(-8) and 1.02 x 10(-7) M, respectively. In reciprocal blocking experiments both proteoglycans inhibited the others binding to beta ig-h3 indicating that they may share the same binding site or that the two binding sites are in close proximity on the beta ig-h3 molecule. Since beta ig-h3 and the SLRPs are known to be associated with the amino-terminal region of collagen VI in tissue microfibrils, the effects of including collagen VI in the incubations were investigated. Co-immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled biglycan incubated with equimolar mixtures of beta ig-h3 and pepsin-collagen VI was increased 6-fold over beta ig-h3 alone and 3-fold over collagen VI alone. Similar increases were also observed for decorin. The findings indicate that beta ig-h3 participates in a ternary complex with collagen VI and SLRPs. Static light scattering techniques were used to show that beta ig-h3 rapidly forms very high molecular weight complexes with both native and pepsin-collagen VI, either alone or with the SLRPs. Indeed beta ig-h3 was shown to form a complex with collagen VI and biglycan, which appeared to be much more extensive than that formed by beta ig-h3 with collagen VI and decorin or those formed between the collagen and beta ig-h3, biglycan, or decorin alone. Biglycan core protein was shown to inhibit the extent of complexing of beta ig-h3 with native and pepsin-collagen VI suggesting that the glycosaminoglycan side chains of the proteoglycan were important for the formation of the large ternary complexes. Further studies showed that the direct interaction between beta ig-h3 and biglycan and between biglycan and collagen VI were also important for the formation of these complexes. The globular domains of collagen VI also appeared to have an influence on the interaction of the three components. Overall the results indicate that beta ig-h3 can differentially modulate the aggregation of collagen VI with biglycan and decorin. Thus this interplay is likely to be important in tissues such as cornea where such complexes are considered to occur.
Radon transform orientation estimation for rotation invariant texture analysis (2005)

This paper presents a new approach to rotation invariant texture classification. The proposed approach benefits from the fact that most of the texture patterns either have directionality (anisotropic textures) or are not with a specific direction (isotropic textures). The wavelet energy features of the directional textures change significantly when the image is rotated. However, for the isotropic images, the wavelet features are not sensitive to rotation. Therefore, for the directional textures, it is essential to calculate the wavelet features along a specific direction. In the proposed approach, the Radon transform is first employed to detect the principal direction of the texture. Then, the texture is rotated to place its principal direction at 0 degrees. A wavelet transform is applied to the rotated image to extract texture features. This approach provides a features space with small intraclass variability and, therefore, good separation between different classes. The performance of the method is evaluated using three texture sets. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed approach compared with some existing methods.
Characteristics of asthma in the elderly (1998)

Asthma occurs more frequently in the elderly than is usually appreciated and may, therefore, be underdiagnosed and undertreated. This study evaluated the relationship between asthma symptoms and the degree of airflow obstruction in elderly and young asthmatics. Fifteen young asthmatics (<65 yrs) (group A), 15 aged >65 yrs with onset of symptoms before 65 yrs (group B), and 15 aged >65 yrs with onset of symptoms after 65 yrs (group C), were studied. Patients used daily diary cards, during 2 weeks, to record inhaled beta2-agonist consumption and severity of asthma symptoms. Long-standing asthma was associated with a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second as compared with recent onset asthma. The asthma-symptom score was highest in group A, lower in group B and significantly lower in group C. When symptoms were related to the degree of obstruction (asthma index), it was higher in the young asthmatics than in both groups of elderly patients. In conclusion, elderly patients with long-standing asthma had more severe airway obstruction than patients with recently acquired disease. Older patients particularly those with long-standing disease complained less about asthma symptoms. Within the various groups of patients, subjective symptoms of asthma were negatively related to asthma duration.
Remission of acromegaly caused by pituitary carcinoma after surgical excision of growth hormone-secreting metastasis detected by 111-indium pentetreotide scan. (1996)

GH-secreting carcinomas of the pituitary are extremely rare. We describe a 37-yr-old woman with refractory acromegaly 15 yr after transphenoidal surgery and radiotherapy, with no evidence of a recurrent pituitary mass. Scanning with 111-indium pentetreotide revealed an area of intense activity in the left neck. A 3.5 x 2.5-cm mass was excised from the neck after demonstrating an arterio-venous GH gradient of 7:1. GH levels (50 ng/mL) dropped to 0.8 ng/mL 3 h after surgery and remained normal. GH gene expression was demonstrated in the metastasis by Northern and Western blot analyses and by positive immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. In vitro cultured cells responded to GHRH and TRH by increasing GH levels (P < 0.01). Medium GH was identical to authentic pituitary GH, as demonstrated by high pressure liquid chromatography. RT-PCR of hypothalamic hormone receptor messenger RNA in the mass revealed somatostatin receptor subtypes 2, 3, and 5 and GHRH, TRH, and dopamine receptor expression. No GH gene amplification, rearrangement, or gsp mutation was found. RB gene deletion and H-ras mutations, previously reported in PRL- and ACTH-secreting carcinomas, were not detected. In conclusion, clinical and molecular features of a GH-secreting pituitary carcinoma are presented. This metastatic lesion synthesized GH and expressed functional hypothalamic hormone receptors.
Synthesis of oligonucleotides containing pyrazolo[3,4-d ]pyrimidines: The influence of 7-substituted 8-aza-7-deazaadenines on the duplex structure and stability (1999)

The phosphoramidites 2a–d derived from 7-bromo- (1b), 7-iodo- (1c), 7-(hex-1-ynyl)- (1d) and 7-(2-phenylethynyl)- (1e) 8-aza-7-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine were prepared. They were employed in the solid-phase synthesis of various oligonucleotides containing the 8-aza-7-deazaadenine system instead of that of adenine. Their Tm-values were measured and their thermodynamic data were determined. The replacement of adenine residues by 8-aza-7-deazaadenine 1a does not significantly influence the duplex stability, while the incorporation of 7-substituted derivatives 1b–e led to much more stable duplexes compared with their adenine-containing counterparts. From the CD spectra of the oligonucleotide duplexes it is evident that the overall structure of a parent DNA is retained when only very few modified bases are incorporated. Structural changes do occur when the number of modified residues is increased. This might be the result of the high-anti-conformation of the 7-substituted 8-aza-7-deaza-2′-deoxyadenosine residues.
FKBPL Is a Critical Antiangiogenic Regulator of Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis (2015)

FKBPL is an important regulator of angiogenesis, having an essential role in murine and zebrafish blood vessel development. Mouse models of angiogenesis demonstrated a proangiogenic phenotype in Fkbpl heterozygotes.
Isolation and characterization of a <i>γ</i>-type phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC-<i>γ</i>2) (1990)

A novel bovine spleen phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) has been identified with respect to immunoreactivity with four independent antibodies against each of the PLC isoenzymes, and purified to near homogeneity by sequential column chromatography. Spleen contains three of the isoenzymes: two different gamma-types [gamma 1 and gamma 2, originally named as PLC-gamma [Rhee, Suh, Ryu & Lee (1989) Science 244, 546-550] and PLC-IV [Emori, Homma, Sorimachi, Kawasaki, Nakanishi, Suzuki & Takenawa (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 21885-21890] respectively] and delta-type of the enzyme, but PLC-gamma 1 is separated from the PLC-gamma 2 pool by the first DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Subsequently, PLC-delta is dissociated on the third heparin-Sepharose column chromatography. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of 145 kDa on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and a specific activity of 12.8 mumol/min per mg with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as substrate. This enzyme activity is dependent on Ca2+ for hydrolysis of all these phosphoinositides. None of the other phospholipids examined could be its substrate at any concentration of Ca2+. The optimal pH of the enzyme is slightly acidic (pH 5.0-6.5).
Low Molecular Weight Linear Polyethylenimine-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-polyethylenimine Triblock Copolymers:  Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Gene Transfer Properties (2005)

Novel ABA triblock copolymers consisting of low molecular weight linear polyethylenimine (PEI) as the A block and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the B block were prepared and evaluated as polymeric transfectant. The cationic polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOZO) using PEG-bis(tosylate) as a macroinitiator followed by acid hydrolysis afforded linear PEI-PEG-PEI triblock copolymers with controlled compositions. Two copolymers, PEI-PEG-PEI 2100-3400-2100 and 4000-3400-4000, were synthesized. Both copolymers were shown to interact with and condense plasmid DNA effectively to give polymer/DNA complexes (polyplexes) of small sizes (<100 nm) and moderate zeta-potentials (approximately +10 mV) at polymer/plasmid weight ratios > or =1.5/1. These polyplexes were able to efficiently transfect COS-7 cells and primary bovine endothelial cells (BAECs) in vitro. For example, PEI-PEG-PEI 4000-3400-4000 based polyplexes showed a transfection efficiency comparable to polyplexes of branched PEI 25000. The transfection activity of polyplexes of PEI-PEG-PEI 4000-3400-4000 in BAECs using luciferase as a reporter gene was 3-fold higher than that for linear PEI 25000/DNA formulations. Importantly, the presence of serum in the transfection medium had no inhibitive effect on the transfection activity of the PEI-PEG-PEI polyplexes. These PEI-PEG-PEI triblock copolymers displayed also an improved safety profile in comparison with high molecular weight PEIs, since the cytotoxicity of the polyplex formulations was very low under conditions where high transgene expression was found. Therefore, linear PEI-PEG-PEI triblock copolymers are an attractive novel class of nonviral gene delivery systems.
Polarisation‐independent liquid crystal devices (2008)

Liquid crystal (LC) devices can be used as amplitude modulators and phase modulators. Most LC devices are polarisation‐dependent and require at least one polariser. As a result, the optical efficiency is greatly reduced. In this paper, we review some of our recently developed polarisation‐independent LC devices. For amplitude modulation, we report two polariser‐free devices which combine light scattering with dye absorption: dye‐doped polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and dye‐doped LC gels. For phase modulation, we also present two examples: residual phase type, e.g., voltage‐biased PDLC, Polymer‐Stabilised Cholesteric Texture (PSCT), and homeotropic LC gels; and double‐layered structure, such as thin polymer film‐separated orthogonal LC layers, and double‐layered LC gels. Potential applications of these polarisation‐independent LC devices for displays, laser beam steering and adaptive optics are emphasised.
Cancer procoagulant in the human promyelocytic cell line NB4 and its modulation by all-trans-retinoic acid. (1994)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells express different types of procoagulant activity (PCA), including tissue factor (TF), and cancer procoagulant (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the NB4 cell line, the first ever isolated human APL line, with the typical t(15;17) chromosomal balance translocation, possess CP as well as the cells freshly isolated from APL patients. Secondly, since the NB4 line is maturation inducible by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), we wanted to verify whether CP, if present, was affected by ATRA treatment. The NB4 cells were able to shorten the recalcification assay of normal human plasma (total PCA). To distinguish CP in the assay for clotting activity, two criteria were used, the independence from factor VII to trigger blood coagulation and the sensitivity to cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Forty-seven per cent of total PCA of cell extracts was found to be FVII-independent PCA. A similar proportion of FVII-independent activity (42%) was detected in the cell serum-free supernatants. The activity was significantly decreased by cysteine proteinase inhibitors, including HgCl2, lodoacetic acid and Z-Ala-AlaCHN2. Additionally CP was directly identified and quantified by an immunocapture enzyme assay. The mean +/- SD concentration of CP detected by this assay in the NB4 cells, before any treatment, was 1.89 +/- 0.5 microgram/mg protein. Treatment of NB4 cells with 10(-6) M ATRA for 5 days significantly decreased the expression of CP, which became virtually undetectable by the clotting assay, and was 64% less than the untreated control by the immunocapture enzyme assay. This study provides the first evidence that the human promyelocytic cell line NB4 possess CP. The expression of this procoagulant is modulated by ATRA.
T cell recognition and therapeutic effect of a phosphorylated synthetic peptide of the 70K snRNP protein administered in MRL/lpr mice (2003)

Modifications of self antigens that occur during apoptosis might be involved in the generation of neo-antigens, which can break tolerance and induce autoimmunity. We have previously identified an epitope at residues 131-151 of the U1-70K snRNP protein, recognized by IgG antibodies and CD4+ T cells from at least two strains of lupus mice. With the aim of investigating the possible role of phosphorylation on the antigenicity of peptide 131-151 and to gain a better understanding of how this peptide can drive autoimmune response, we synthesized two peptides phosphorylated on Ser137 and 140, respectively. We show here that peptide P140 phosphorylated on Ser140 is recognized by both CD4+ T cells and antibodies from MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, intravenous administration to lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice of P140 in saline (but not of the non-phosphorylated peptide) decreased proteinuria and anti-DNA antibody production, and significantly prolonged survival of treated mice. We further demonstrated that P140 is recognized by antibodies from lupus patients and binds to various HLA DR molecules, offering new hope for manipulating T cell response in humans.
Restoration of missing data in limited angle tomography based on Helgason–Ludwig consistency conditions (2017)

In limited angle tomography, missing data in an insufficient angular scan will cause streak artifacts in the reconstructed images. Correspondingly, in the frequency domain representation of the imaged object, a double wedge-shaped region is missing. In this paper, we perform a regression in sinogram domain and an image fusion in frequency domain to restore the missing data. We first convert the sinogram restoration problem into a regression problem based on the Helgason–Ludwig consistency conditions. Due to its severe ill-posedness, regression only partially recovers the correct frequency components, especially lower frequency components, and will introduce erroneous ones, particularly higher frequencies. Bilateral filtering is utilized to retain the most prominent high frequency components and suppress erroneous ones. Afterwards, a fusion in the frequency domain utilizes the restored frequency components to fill the missing double wedge region. The proposed method is evaluated in a parallel-beam study on both numerical and clinical phantoms. The root-mean-square errors of the reconstructed images decrease from 302 to 78 HU for the noise-free Shepp–Logan phantom, from 355 to 175 HU for the noisy Shepp–Logan phantom, and from 187 to 56 HU for the clinical data. The results show that our method is promising in streak reduction and intensity offset compensation in both noise-free and noisy situations.