gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-cleaning Langmuir probe (1993)

A contamination-free Langmuir probe of novel design is described. Surface contaminants, which lead to erroneous evaluation of plasma parameters by distortion of the probe’s current-voltage characteristic, are removed by the indirect heating of the probe tip with separate heating elements running parallel to the probe wire in multibore alumina tubing. This configuration minimizes magnetic field perturbations, while maintaining the compact profile and construction ease of an unheated probe. The design and operating characteristics of such a probe are reported. Temperatures at the probe tip, as measured by a subminiature thermocouple, can exceed 500 °C. Experiments determining the effect of probe temperature, Tprobe, on the characteristic have been performed in a Q-machine plasma (Ti≊Te≊0.2 eV). We find that for Tprobe&lt;250 °C, the measured electron temperature is up to several times too large, indicating the presence of a contamination layer. This contamination layer is removed for Tprobe ≥300 °C, and accurate electron temperatures are recovered.
Fused-seven-ring anthracene derivative with two sulfur bridges for high performance red organic light-emitting diodes (2010)

A fused-seven-ring anthracene derivative with two sulfur bridges, benzobisthioxanthene (BTA), was synthesized, facilely. OLEDs employing BTA as the emitter exhibited bright (maximum 40,752 cd m(-2)) and efficient red emission (CIE, x = 0.64, y = 0.36) with a luminous efficiency of 4.4 cd A(-1).
Odontogenic tumors in Nigerian children and adolescents- a retrospective study of 92 cases (2004)

Odontogenic tumors are relatively common in children and adolescents in Nigeria. One out of every 5 children and adolescents with tumors and tumor-like lesions of oral cavity and the jaws seen in this study had a diagnosis of odontogenic tumor.
Mobile application development classes for the mobile era (2014)

There are many flavors of upper division elective classes that cover subjects related to mobile technologies and application development. However, there is a general lack of publications discussing the philosophy, implementation, and results from these classes. When researching for a new upper division mobile application development elective class, based on our students' needs and state of the mobile technologies, we consulted the extensive online information, and drafted guidelines and desired learning outcomes. In the subsequent years, we implemented two versions of mobile application development classes based on the guidelines and learning outcomes. The first, focused on the development of practical mobile applications while the second studied design issues surrounding modern mobile applications and their development. Both classes are project based where students build mobile applications to demonstrate their understanding, and both classes were well received. This paper describes our efforts and the classes, summarizes the results from the classes, and discusses the merits of implementation vs. design based mobile application development classes.
CD38-bispecific antibody pretargeted radioimmunotherapy for multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancies (2017)

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy targeting tumor antigens, but immunogenicity and endogenous biotin blocking may limit clinical translation. We describe a new PRIT approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and other B-cell malignancies, for which we developed an anti-CD38-bispecific fusion protein that eliminates endogenous biotin interference and immunogenic elements. In murine xenograft models of MM and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the CD38-bispecific construct demonstrated excellent blood clearance and tumor targeting. Dosimetry calculations showed a tumor-absorbed dose of 43.8 Gy per millicurie injected dose of <sup>90</sup>Y, with tumor-to-normal organ dose ratios of 7:1 for liver and 15:1 for lung and kidney. In therapy studies, CD38-bispecific PRIT resulted in 100% complete remissions by day 12 in MM and NHL xenograft models, ultimately curing 80% of mice at optimal doses. In direct comparisons, efficacy of the CD38 bispecific proved equal or superior to streptavidin (SA)-biotin-based CD38-SA PRIT. Each approach cured at least 75% of mice at the highest radiation dose tested (1200 µCi), whereas at 600- and 1000-µCi doses, the bispecific outperformed the SA approach, curing 35% more mice overall (<i>P</i> < .004). The high efficacy of bispecific PRIT, combined with its reduced risk of immunogenicity and endogenous biotin interference, make the CD38 bispecific an attractive candidate for clinical translation. Critically, CD38 PRIT may benefit patients with unresponsive, high-risk disease because refractory disease typically retains radiation sensitivity. We posit that PRIT might not only prolong survival, but possibly cure MM and treatment-refractory NHL patients.
Optical fiber static strain sensors: reliability issues (2007)

There is much interest in using optical fiber sensors for strain measurement because they are lightweight and are insensitive to electromagnetic interference. Structural monitoring applications can employ fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for point-by-point measurements, whereas continuous sensors, based on Brillouin scattering, can be used to measure strain along entire lengths of un-modified optical fibers. These two strain measurement methodologies, and their practical limitations, are compared. Accurate and reliable static strain measurement with FBGs, a turnkey instrumentation with multichannel detection ability, and embedding techniques with repeatable calibration ability are reported. Embedding techniques that survive high temperature cycling, and high humidity under salt water environments, have been developed.
Advanced TAB/BGA multi-chip stacked module for high density LSI packages (2002)

A newly advanced design for a TAB/BGA multi-chip stacked module has been developed for high density LSI packages. The configuration of this module is designed to reduce package body size and to lighten the weight. Electrical and thermal performance of this module was carefully considered and estimated by simulation or experiments. This module is called a COCB module which means the Chip On Chip Ball Grid Array module. Two chips are mounted on both top and bottom sides of a small substrate by TAB technology using a new Au-Sn (Au10-40%-Sn) eutectic micro-connection method. Two chips are electrically connected by routing wires and through holes of an interposed substrate respectively. This module is useful when packages are mounted on a board with solder paste, directly to its surface, with some discrete packages on the assembly line. The authors propose the concept of the micro bare chip module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Too Hot to Handle: The Race for Cold Fusion</i> (1992)

Frank Close, a leading physicist and talented popular science writer, reveals the true story of the cold fusion controversy--a story ignored until now in spite of the glare of publicity surrounding Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons. On March 23, 1989, these two Utah scientists held an astonishing press conference, maintaining that they had succeeded, working in secret, in harnessing atomic fusion. What was the basis for their claims to have achieved cold fusion in a test tube in a basement laboratory, while other scientists--using magnets as big as houses and temperatures hotter than those in the center of the sun--were failing to produce as much power as they were using? Why did Fleischmann and Pons proclaim their discovery at a news conference, when first announcements of scientific results are almost always made within the scientific community? Why did the full-blown media event inspired by their initial report cause governments to reorient their research programs in hopes of cornering the new technology? And why did some scientists recklessly abandon their traditional painstaking methods in haste to be first to prove or discredit the experiment? Acquainted at first hand with investigations of cold fusion on two continents, Close is uniquely qualified to probe the motivations behind Fleischmann's and Pons's startling assertions and to explore the intellectual and political turmoil that surrounded the cold fusion debate. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Anisotropic fluorocarbon plasma etching of Si∕SiGe heterostructures (2007)

Fluorocarbon plasma etching of Si∕SiGe heterostructures is demonstrated as a method for fabrication of quantum devices with vertical sidewalls. The heterostructures consist of layers of Si and SiGe, and anisotropic etching of the heterostructures using plasmas to isolate device elements is an attractive approach to fabricating devices. A challenge that has limited the use of fluorocarbon etching is the difference in Si and SiGe etch rates under comparative conditions. Preferential etching of SiGe can lead to undercutting beneath the top Si layer, causing a reduction in critical device dimensions of unknown magnitude. By using fluorocarbon etch gases with high carbon content, fluorocarbon sidewall passivation improves the anisotropy of etched feature profiles by preventing lateral etching of SiGe. Etch results with a C4F8∕Ar∕N2 gas mixture show a straight sidewall profile through the layers of the heterostructure.
Recent Development in Turbine Blade Film Cooling (1999)

Gas turbines are extensively used for aircraft propulsion, land‐based power generation, and industrial applications. Thermal efficiency and power output of gas turbines increase with increasing turbine rotor inlet temperature (RIT). The current RIT level in advanced gas turbines is far above the .melting point of the blade material. Therefore, along with high temperature material development, a sophisticated cooling scheme must be developed for continuous safe operation of gas turbines with high performance. Gas turbine blades are cooled internally and externally. This paper focuses on external blade cooling or so‐called film cooling. In film cooling, relatively cool air is injected from the inside of the blade to the outside surface which forms a protective layer between the blade surface and hot gas streams. Performance of film cooling primarily depends on the coolant to mainstream pressure ratio, temperature ratio, and film hole location and geometry under representative engine flow conditions. In the past number of years there has been considerable progress in turbine film cooling research and this paper is limited to review a few selected publications to reflect recent development in turbine blade film cooling.
[A review of etiology and management of sialorrhea]. (2007)

流涎症(sialorrhea、polysialia、slavers、slobbers),又称流唾症,是一组由多因素引发的症候群,不是独立性的疾病.它是口腔科患者的常见主诉之一,因其可造成患者口周皮炎、体臭、交际困难、甚至脱水[1],影响工作、学习,并造成精神上的痛苦,故已日益受到研究者及口腔科临床医师的重视。
Substituição da silagem de milho pela silagem do bagaço de laranja na alimentação de vacas leiteiras: Consumo, produção e qualidade do leite (2000)

Estudaram-se os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho pela silagem de bagaço de laranja sobre o consumo de nutrientes, a produção e a qualidade do leite de vacas da raça holandesa, num experimento em quadrado latino 4 x 4, com quatro níveis de substituição (0, 25, 50 ou 75% MS) da silagem de milho pela silagem de bagaço de laranja, com base na matéria seca, mantendo-se a relação volumoso:concentrado de 50:50. Os níveis de substituição não influenciarram as porcentagens de gordura e proteína do leite, porém o comportamento do consumo de nutrientes e produção de leite se deu de forma quadrática, em função do nível de substituição. Os resultados sugerem que a silagem de bagaço de laranja pode substituir a silagem de milho para vacas em lactação.
Increase of Immunoglobulin G <sub>3</sub> Subclass is Related to Brain Autoantibody in Alzheimer's Disease but not in Down's Syndrome (1989)

The proportions of IgG subclasses (G1, G2, G3 and G4) were quantified in sera from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, older Down's syndrome (DS) patients and age-matched controls. The levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 were normal in AD patients, but the proportions of IgG3 were significantly elevated in 9 of 20 (45%) patients (0.803 +/- 0.141 mg/ml; p less than 0.001) compared to the level found in age-matched controls (0.471 +/- 0.161 mg/ml; n = 10). The IgG3 level in the remaining 11 AD patients was slightly lower than the controls (0.385 +/- 0.104 vs. 0.471 +/- 0.161 mg/ml), but it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.149). In contrast, patients with DS displayed imbalance of IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclasses; they had significantly increased IgG3 but decreased IgG2 and IgG4 levels. The IgG1 level was within normal range. Moreover, a majority of AD sera (8 of 9) with elevated IgG3 concentration were positive for brain autoantibody. The remaining 11 AD sera without elevated IgG3 level, all DS sera and all control sera were negative for brain autoantibody. This finding indirectly suggests that brain autoantibody is mainly due to IgG3 subclass, at least in one subset of AD patients.
Dimerization of the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> VirB4 ATPase and the effect of ATP‐binding cassette mutations on the assembly and function of the T‐DNA transporter (1999)

The Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB4 ATPase functions with other VirB proteins to export T-DNA to susceptible plant cells and other DNA substrates to a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that VirB4 mutants with defects in the Walker A nucleotide-binding motif are non-functional and exert a dominant negative phenotype when synthesized in wild-type cells. This study characterized the oligomeric structure of VirB4 and examined the effects of Walker A sequence mutations on complex formation and transporter activity. VirB4 directed dimer formation when fused to the amino-terminal portion of cI repressor protein, as shown by immunity of Escherichia coli cells to lambda phage infection. VirB4 also dimerized in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, as demonstrated by the recovery of a detergent-resistant complex of native protein and a functional, histidine-tagged derivative by precipitation with anti-His6 antibodies and by Co2+ affinity chromatography. Walker A sequence mutants directed repressor dimerization in E. coli and interacted with His-VirB4 in A. tumefaciens, indicating that ATP binding is not required for self-association. A dimerization domain was localized to a proposed N-terminal membrane-spanning region of VirB4, as shown by the dominance of an allele coding for the N-terminal 312 residues and phage immunity of host cells expressing cI repressor fusions to alleles for the first 237 or 312 residues. A recent study reported that the synthesis of a subset of VirB proteins, including VirB4, in agrobacterial recipients has a pronounced stimulatory effect on the virB-dependent conjugal transfer of plasmid RSF1010 by agrobacterial donors. VirB4'312 suppressed the stimulatory effect of VirB proteins for DNA uptake when synthesized in recipient cells. In striking contrast, Walker A sequence mutants contributed to the stimulatory effect of VirB proteins to the same extent as native VirB4. These findings indicate that the oligomeric structure of VirB4, but not its capacity to bind ATP, is important for the assembly of VirB proteins as a DNA uptake system. The results of these studies support a model in which VirB4 dimers or homomultimers contribute structural information for the assembly of a transenvelope channel competent for bidirectional DNA transfer, whereas an ATP-dependent activity is required for configuring this channel as a dedicated export machine.
Here's to the children's centre! (2012)

Send your letters to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude’s Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB Fax: 020 7978 8319 email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Unexpected means of protocol inference (2006)

Network managers are inevitably called upon to associate network traffic with particular applications. Indeed, this operation is critical for a wide range of management functions ranging from debugging and security to analytics and policy support. Traditionally, managers have relied on application adherence to a well established global port mapping: Web traffic on port 80, mail traffic on port 25 and so on. However, a range of factors - including firewall port blocking, tunneling, dynamic port allocation, and a bloom of new distributed applications - has weakened the value of this approach. We analyze three alternative mechanisms using statistical and structural content models for automatically identifying traffic that uses the same application-layer protocol, relying solely on flow content. In this manner, known applications may be identified regardless of port number, while traffic from one unknown application will be identified as distinct from another. We evaluate each mechanism's classification performance using real-world traffic traces from multiple sites.
Lewis acids and selectivity in organic synthesis (1996)

Lewis Acids and Their Complexes with Lewis Bases Lewis Acid-Promoted Ene Reaction Lewis Acid-Promoted Allylsilanes and Allylstannanes Addition to Aldehydes and Ketones Lewis Acid-Promoted Acetal Substitution Reactions Sakurai Reaction: Lewis Acid-Promoted Allylsilanes and Allylstannanes 1,4-Addition to Unsaturated Ketones Lewis Acid-Promoted Diels-Alder Reaction Index
Using the S Language (2018)

This chapter presents some key concepts and the basic techniques needed in order to use S language; understanding them will lead quickly to good use of S. Fundamental to the philosophy of S is the uniformity of expressions and data objects. The value of any expression, however complicated, is an object. This includes anything from simple arithmetic expressions to high-level statistical functions. So far as the language is concerned, any expression can appear as an argument to an operator or function. Of course, a particular function may generate an error if it cannot interpret the argument sensibly. S provides an integrated environment for data analysis, numerical calculations, graphics and related computations. The S language is the medium through which all user computations and programming take place. The S language includes operators for the usual arithmetic and logical operations. These compute on all the data values in their operands.
Transabdominal Measurement of Placental Oxygenation by Near-infrared Spectroscopy (2009)

We evaluated the clinical usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopic quantitative measurement of placental tissue oxygenation for noninvasive estimation of uteroplacental function in pregnant women. We performed a prospective observational clinical study. Women without complications (N = 15) and women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH; N = 6) were enrolled. Measurements of placental tissue oxygenation index (TOI) using NIRO-300 (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, Japan) were recorded. The mean TOI in women without complications was 72.36 +/- 5.36% and 80.28 +/- 2.78% in pregnant women with PIH. The mean TOI in pregnant women with PIH was higher than that of pregnant women without complications. There were no differences in the TOI in relation to gestational age at onset of PIH, forms of PIH, or severity of hypertension. Higher TOIs in pregnant women suggest the reduced ability of the placental function. Monitoring the TOI by near-infrared spectroscopic quantitative measurement may have a high potential for clinical application, particularly in prenatal management.
Stiffness and ultimate load of osseointegrated prosthesis fixations in the upper and lower extremity (2013)

Significant differences were found between human and synthetic specimens of the lower and upper extremity regarding maximum bending moment, bending displacement and flexural rigidity. The results of this study are relevant with respect to previous finding regarding the load at the interfaces of osseointegrated prosthesis fixation devices and are crucial for the development of safety devices intended to protect the bone-implant interface from damaging loadings.
Robustness of a Blind Image Watermark Detector Designed by Orthogonal Projection (2004)

Blind digital watermarking, which can detect watermark without using the original image, is a key technique practical intellectual property protecting systems and concealment correspondence systems. In this paper, we discussed a blind detection method for the digital image watermark. The theories research show that the orthogonal projection sequence of a digital image is one-to-one correspondence with this digital image. To make use of this conclusion, we designed and realized a kind of blind watermark detector with the good performance. To calculate the correlation value between the image and watermark, the intensity information of digital image is not adopted, but the orthogonal projection sequence of this image is adopted. Experiment results show that this watermark detector not only to have very strong resistant ability to translation and rotation attacks, but also to have the good robustness to Gaussian noise. Performance of this watermark detector is better than general detector designed by making use of the intensity information directly. The conclusions obtained by experiments are useful to the research in the future.
Application Of Sic-X-Ray Masks For Fabricating Sub-Micron Devices (1988)

SiC-Au-stepper masks have been used for the fabrication of sub-micron devices by SOR based X-ray lithography in connection with a high precision alignment. As a test device we chosed a sub-micron transistor with four lithographic layers. The gatelength and the gate-width is scaled down from 2.0 pa to 0.5 wri, and 8.0 p.m to 1.0 p.m respectively. The SiC-mask blanks have been fabricated in a batch process by high temperature CVD deposition. Due to extensive process optimization SiC-membranes with a very smootA surface (RMS-roughness < 20 nm) and a Young's modulus as high as the bulk value (4.6•19 Pa) have been fabricated. Membranes of 2.5 4m in thickness having areas of up to 28 cm are being prepared with excellent transparency for synchrotron and optical radiation. For high X-ray absorption electroplated Au absorbing pattern have been applied. The combination of rigid SiC-membranes with a stress reduced Au-absorber (stress less than 1•10 Pa) will result in a mask distortion of less than 5 ppm even for a "worstcase" geometry of membrane and absorber pattern. Precise 0.5-micron pattern with an excellent control of the critical dimensions have been generated by e-beam lithography and electroplating, as well as mask copying by using synchrotron orbit radiation (SOR). Due to the excellent detection accuracy of the alignment pattern in case of SiC-masks (6 nm) a practical determined alignment accuracy of 40 nm has been obtained by using the MAX1 stepper at BESSY.