gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and manufacture of dispersion compensating fibre for simultaneous compensation of dispersion and dispersion slope (2003)

The negative dispersion slope of dispersion-compensating fibers has been optimized by increasing the width of the depressed cladding. Simultaneous compensation and dispersion slope has been demonstrated on an actual link.
The common agent-a multiprotocol management agent (1993)

The common agent is an implementation of an ISO-compliant management agent that supports multiple management protocols and the run-time addition of new classes of managed objects. Support is also provided for managing objects that are defined according to the structure of management information, defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force, and the structure of management information defined by ISO.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting Consistency-Maintenance Requirement of Code Clonesat Copy-and-Paste Time (2014)

Code clones have always been a double edged sword in software development. On one hand, it is a very convenient way to reuse existing code, and to save coding effort. On the other hand, since developers may need to ensure consistency among cloned code segments, code clones can lead to extra maintenance effort and even bugs. Recently studies on the evolution of code clones show that only some of the code clones experience consistent changes during their evolution history. Therefore, if we can accurately predict whether a code clone will experience consistent changes, we will be able to provide useful recommendations to developers onleveraging the convenience of some code cloning operations, while avoiding other code cloning operations to reduce future consistency maintenance effort. In this paper, we define a code cloning operation as consistency-maintenance-required if its generated code clones experience consistent changes in the software evolution history, and we propose a novel approach that automatically predicts whether a code cloning operation requires consistency maintenance at the time point of performing copy-and-paste operations. Our insight is that whether a code cloning operation requires consistency maintenance may relate to the characteristics of the code to be cloned and the characteristics of its context. Based on a number of attributes extracted from the cloned code and the context of the code cloning operation, we use Bayesian Networks, a machine-learning technique, to predict whether an intended code cloning operation requires consistency maintenance. We evaluated our approach on four subjects-two large-scale Microsoft software projects, and two popular open-source software projects-under two usage scenarios: 1) recommend developers to perform only the cloning operations predicted to be very likely to be consistency-maintenance-free, and 2) recommend developers to perform all cloning operations unless they are predicted very likely to be consistency-maintenance-required. In the first scenario, our approach is able to recommend developers to perform more than 50 percent cloning operations with a precision of at least 94 percent in the four subjects. In the second scenario, our approach is able to avoid 37 to 72 percent consistency-maintenance-required code clones by warning developers on only 13 to 40 percent code clones, in the four subjects.
A method to determine the necessity for global signal regression in resting‐state fMRI studies (2012)

In resting-state functional MRI studies, the global signal (operationally defined as the global average of resting-state functional MRI time courses) is often considered a nuisance effect and commonly removed in preprocessing. This global signal regression method can introduce artifacts, such as false anticorrelated resting-state networks in functional connectivity analyses. Therefore, the efficacy of this technique as a correction tool remains questionable. In this article, we establish that the accuracy of the estimated global signal is determined by the level of global noise (i.e., non-neural noise that has a global effect on the resting-state functional MRI signal). When the global noise level is low, the global signal resembles the resting-state functional MRI time courses of the largest cluster, but not those of the global noise. Using real data, we demonstrate that the global signal is strongly correlated with the default mode network components and has biological significance. These results call into question whether or not global signal regression should be applied. We introduce a method to quantify global noise levels. We show that a criteria for global signal regression can be found based on the method. By using the criteria, one can determine whether to include or exclude the global signal regression in minimizing errors in functional connectivity measures.
Multiple copies of eukaryotic translation initiation factors in <i>Brassica rapa</i> facilitate redundancy, enabling diversification through variation in splicing and broad‐spectrum virus resistance (2013)

Recessive strain-specific resistance to a number of plant viruses in the Potyvirus genus has been found to be based on mutations in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its isoform, eIF(iso)4E. We identified three copies of eIF(iso)4E in a number of Brassica rapa lines. Here we report broad-spectrum resistance to the potyvirus Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) due to a natural mechanism based on the mis-splicing of the eIF(iso)4E allele in some TuMV-resistant B. rapa var. pekinensis lines. Of the splice variants, the most common results in a stop codon in intron 1 and a much truncated, non-functional protein. The existence of multiple copies has enabled redundancy in the host plant's translational machinery, resulting in diversification and emergence of the resistance. Deployment of the resistance is complicated by the presence of multiple copies of the gene. Our data suggest that in the B. rapa subspecies trilocularis, TuMV appears to be able to use copies of eIF(iso)4E at two loci. Transformation of different copies of eIF(iso)4E from a resistant B. rapa line into an eIF(iso)4E knockout line of Arabidopsis thaliana proved misleading because it showed that, when expressed ectopically, TuMV could use multiple copies which was not the case in the resistant B. rapa line. The inability of TuMV to access multiple copies of eIF(iso)4E in B. rapa and the broad spectrum of the resistance suggest it may be durable.
Defining accuracy and sensitivity of T-cell receptor repertoire profiling for monitoring recurrent/persistent disease in patients with mature T-cell neoplasms (TECH1P.857) (2014)

Abstract Accurate and sensitive identification of recurrent or persistent disease in T-cell neoplasms is important for proper patient care. We developed a method that amplifies rearranged TCR CDR3 sequences and uses high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to sequence tens of thousands of chains simultaneously. Because the technology utilizes gDNA the frequency of sequenced CDR3 chains is representative of the relative frequency of each CDR3 sequence in the sample population of T cells. Thus these assays can describe both the breadth of the T-cell receptor repertoire and quantify individual clones; enabling tracking the presence and frequency of neoplastic clones. To demonstrate the potential of this technology, we first test the assay’s sensitivity and accuracy (1 lymphocyte in 1M total cells). Then, to show utility, we apply the technology to monitor persistent/recurrent disease in a set of mature T-cell lymphoma samples. To identify the neoplasm’s CDR3 chain, we sequence the TRB and TRG repertoire of 35 index samples. Then, to diagnose persistent disease, we sequence the TCR repertoire of follow-up samples and search for the neoplastic sequence. We then define persistent disease based on the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay. Concurrently, as part of standard clinical practice, a number of other methods were used to identify persistent disease. We compare these two methods to demonstrate that HTS technology is a viable alternative to traditional methods to detect and monitor lymphoma.
An Investigation on Crosstalk in Multi-Core Fibers by Introducing Random Fluctuation along Longitudinal Direction (2011)

The length dependence of the crosstalk in multi-core fibers has been investigated by introducing random fluctuation along longitudinal direction. The power coupling coefficients in the coupled-power theory in heterogeneous multi-core fiber with seven cores were estimated based on consideration of the power coupling coefficients of the homogeneous multi-core fiber. The crosstalk can be quantitatively evaluated by employing coupled-power theory instead of coupled-mode theory.
Synthetic-to-Natural Speech Waveform Conversion Using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (2018)

We propose a learning-based filter that allows us to directly modify a synthetic speech waveform into a natural speech waveform. Speech-processing systems using a vocoder framework such as statistical parametric speech synthesis and voice conversion are convenient especially for a limited number of data because it is possible to represent and process interpretable acoustic features over a compact space, such as the fundamental frequency (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) and mel-cepstrum. However, a well-known problem that leads to the quality degradation of generated speech is an over-smoothing effect that eliminates some detailed structure of generated/converted acoustic features. To address this issue, we propose a synthetic-to-natural speech waveform conversion technique that uses cycle-consistent adversarial networks and which does not require any explicit assumption about speech waveform in adversarial learning. In contrast to current techniques, since our modification is performed at the waveform level, we expect that the proposed method will also make it possible to generate “vocoder-less” sounding speech even if the input speech is synthesized using a vocoder framework. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can 1) alleviate the over-smoothing effect of the acoustic features despite the direct modification method used for the waveform and 2) greatly improve the naturalness of the generated speech sounds.
Iterative Fair Channel Assignment for Wireless Networks (2014)

We introduce an orthogonal channel assignment algorithm that increases spectrum utilization via systematic re-use of channels, leveraging carrier aggregation capability supported in the latest access technologies and maintaining fairness across networks. Unlike conventional graph coloring, the proposed algorithm iterates over available channels assigning one channel at a time starting with a network with a higher priority (e.g. based on assigned channels so far) and then re-using the same channel in as many other networks as possible. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm not only improves spectrum utilization but also well approximates the optimal solution yet with polynomial-time complexity.
Swirl and Pressure Effects on Colorless Distributed Combustion for Gas Turbine Application (2011)

The role of swirl and pressure in high intensity distributed combustion is investigated for applications in stationary gas turbines. Previous investigation of non-swirling distributed combustion has revealed significant improvement in pattern factor, low noise and ultra low emissions of NOx and CO. Distributed combustion offers significant potential for near zero emissions and improved performance for gas turbine applications. The distributed combustion is characterized by uniform thermal field in the entire combustion chamber which helps to mitigate the hot-spot regions in the combustor thus eliminate or reduce the thermal NOx formed and simultaneously improve pattern factor from the combustor. Distributed reactions can be achieved in non-premixed, premixed or partially premixed modes of combustor operation with sufficient entrainment of burned gases and faster turbulent mixing between the reactants. Swirling flames have been widely used in gas turbine combustors to provide a hot gas recirculation zone and better mixing of the reactants to stabilize the flame. In this paper, colorless distributed combustion (CDC) utilizing swirl is investigated to evaluate the beneficial aspects of CDC and swirl with special focus on developing near zero emission of NO and CO, and much improved pattern factor. Experimental investigations have been performed using a cylindrical geometry combustor with tangential air injection and linear hot gas stream exit from the combustor. The combustor demonstrated very low levels of NO (~3PPM) and CO (~70PPM) emissions at 0.7 equivalence ratio and a high heat release intensity of 36MW/m 3 -atm. The combustor was also examined at elevated pressures. Results showed low levels of NO (~15PPM) and CO (~8PPM) emissions at an equivalence ratio of 0.6 and a heat release intensity of 27MW/m 3 atm under non-premixed combustion. Premixed combustion yielded lower emissions ( 5PPM NO and 10 PPM CO) at a higher heat release intensity of 31.5MW/m 3 -atm. Results have also been obtained at different equivalence ratios on the emissions of NO and CO, lean stability limit and OH* chemiluminescence.
Demonstration of a combined differential absorption and high spectral resolution lidar for profiling atmospheric temperature (2019)

This work presents the first demonstration of atmospheric temperature measurement using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique. While DIAL is routinely used to measure atmospheric gases such as ozone and water vapor, almost no success has been found in using DIAL to measure atmospheric temperature. Attempts to measure temperature using a well-mixed gas like oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) have largely failed based on a need for quantitative ancillary measurements of water vapor and atmospheric aerosols. Here, a lidar is described and demonstrated that simultaneously measures O<sub>2</sub> absorption, water vapor number density, and aerosol backscatter ratio. This combination of measurements allows for the first measurements of atmospheric temperature with useful accuracy. DIAL temperature measurements are presented to an altitude of 4 km with 225 m and 30 min resolution with accuracy better than 3 K. DIAL temperature data is compared to a co-located Raman lidar system and radiosondes to evaluate the system's performance. Finally, an analysis of current performance characteristics is presented, which highlights pathways for future improvement of this proof-of-concept instrument.
Pure Nanodiamonds Produced by Laser-assisted Technique (2014)

Nanodiamond powder, first discovered in 1963 in the Soviet Union, has recently become one of the most promising and well-studied nanomaterials applied in various fields of science, technology and medicine. However, in spite of the unique properties of nanodiamonds, developed applications and the scaled manufacturing process, the nanodiamond global market still remains in its initial stage. The main factor limiting the extensive use of nanodiamonds in industry is the lack of consistency with regards to quality and there is wide variability in their performance in diverse technological processes. This is caused mainly by the uncontrolled character of the existing technology for nanodiamond fabrication, which is based on detonation in a closed chamber. Therefore, the development of alternative technologies, enabling control of the synthesis process, is important as it can provide high quality nanodiamonds for electronics, optics, energy and pharmacology. This chapter reports on a controlled green technology for the synthesis of nanodiamonds by the treatment of specially prepared hydrocarbon targets. Characterization of the nanodiamonds is performed by modern technology and some of the technological opportunities are discussed with regards to nanodiamond applications.
Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems (2010)

Oxygen measurement by phosphorescence quenching [1, 2] consists of the following steps: 1) the probe is delivered into the medium of interest (e.g. blood or interstitial fluid); 2) the object is illuminated with light of appropriate wavelength in order to excite the probe into its triplet state; 3) the emitted phosphorescence is collected, and its time course is analyzed to yield the phosphorescence lifetime, which is converted into the oxygen concentration (or partial pressure, pO(2;)). The probe must not interact with the biological environment and in some cases to be 4) excreted from the medium upon the measurement completion. Each of these steps imposes requirements on the molecular design of the phosphorescent probes, which constitute the only invasive component of the measurement protocol. Here we review the design of dendritic phosphorescent nanosensors for oxygen measurements in biological systems. The probes consist of Pt or Pd porphyrin-based polyarylglycine (AG) dendrimers, modified peripherally with polyethylene glycol (PEG's) residues. For effective two-photon excitation, termini of the dendrimers may be modified with two-photon antenna chromophores, which capture the excitation energy and channel it to the triplet cores of the probes via intramolecular FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer). We describe the key photophysical properties of the probes and present detailed calibration protocols.
Detection of the second harmonic signals using an ultrasonic transducer with the separately arranged transmitter and receiver (2002)

Abstract We built a prototype ultrasonic transducer that transmits the fundamental wave and detects nonlinear harmonic waves generated in a target material. This transducer is constructed from a piezoelectric oscillator ring that is only used for transmission at the resonance frequency of f 0 and a piezoelectric oscillator disk that is only used for reception at the resonance frequency of 2 f 0 . The two oscillators are arranged in the same housing on the same axis and the same plane, but are separated. By optimally combining the material constants of the piezoelectric oscillators and optimizing the combination of the resonance sharpness Q , we found that the second harmonic signal could be detected with high selectivity and high reception sensitivity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(1): 27–35, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10030
RHEOLOGY OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS: MODELS AND MEASUREMENTS (1996)

Numerical and analytical models of magnetorheological fluid phenomena that account explicitly for the effects of magnetic nonlinearity and saturation are described. Finite-element analysis was used to calculate the field distribution in chains of magnetizable particles. The field-dependent stress required to shear the chains was then obtained using the Maxwell stress tensor. Three regimes are identified: at low applied fields, the stress increase quadratically, as expected from linear magnetostatics. In intermediate fields, the contact or polar regions of each particle saturate, reducing the rate of increase of the stress with increasing field. At high fields, the particles saturate completely, and the stress reaches its limiting value. Approximate analytical expressions for the yield stress and shear modulus in these regimes are also derived. The predictions of these models are compared to magnetorheological experiments in the literature and from our laboratory. These models predict successfully the magnitude of the stresses as well as their field dependence. They also suggest that particles comprised of materials with higher saturation magnetizations will exhibit the largest magnetorheological effects.
Lack of detection of factor VIII in sarcoidal epithelioid cells. (1980)

We investigated the possibility that epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis contain abundant angiotensin-converting enzyme, because these cells are derived from endothelial cells, which normally contain the enzyme in abundance. Granulomas from 9 patients with sarcoidosis were examined for the presence of the endothelial cell marker, factor VIII, by immunofluorescence microscopy using monospecific anti-human factor VIII antibody. Strong factor VIII-specific fluorescence was detected in the endothelial cells but no fluorescence was observed in the epithelioid cells. These results do not support the origin of epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis from endothelial cells as an explanation for their abundance of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Helioxanthin Analogues (2004)

A series of natural product analogues based on helioxanthin (2), with particular attention to modification of the lactone ring and methylenedioxy group, were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities. Among them, lactam derivative 18 and helioxanthin cyclic hydrazide 28 exhibited significant in vitro antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (EC(50) = 0.08 and 0.03 microM, respectively). Compound 18 showed the most potent antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (55% inhibition at 1.0 microM). Compound 12, an acid-hydrolyzed product of helioxanthin cyclic imide derivative 9, was found to exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus (EC(50) = 0.8 microM), herpes simplex virus type 1 (EC(50) = 0.15 microM) and type 2 (EC(50) < 0.1 microM), Epstein-Barr virus (EC(50) = 9.0 microM), and cytomegalovirus (EC(50) = 0.45 microM). Helioxanthin lactam derivative 18 also showed marked inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 (EC(50) = 0.29 microM) and type 2 (EC(50) = 0.16 microM). The cyclic hydrazide derivative of helioxanthin 28 and its brominated product 42 exhibited moderately potent activities against human immunodeficiency virus (EC(50) = 2.7 and 2.5 microM, respectively). Collectively, these molecules represent a novel set of antiviral compounds with unique structural features.
High voltage nanosecond pulser operating at 100 kHz pulse repetition frequency (2015)

Eagle Harbor Technologies (EHT) is developing high voltage nanosecond pulsers capable of driving nonlinear transmission lines for high power microwave production and generating non-equilibrium plasmas. Other applications for high voltage nanosecond pulsers include plasma medicine, material science, enhanced combustion, drag reduction, surface and water decontamination and Electromagnetic device testing. The EHT nanosecond pulser technology is capable of producing high voltage (up to 60 kV) pulses (width 20-500 ns) with fast rise times (<; 20 ns) at high pulse repetition frequency (adjustable up to 100 kHz) for CW operation. EHT nanosecond pulsers allow the user to independently control the output voltage, pulse width, and pulse repetition frequency, enabling researchers to explore non-equilibrium plasmas or high power microwave sources over a wide range of parameters.
Rippled-field magnetron (1982)

The rippled-field magnetron is a novel crossed-field millimeter wave source in which electrons move in nearly circular paths under the combined action of a radial electric field, an axial magnetic field, and an azimuthally periodic wiggler magnetic field, Bw cos (Nϑ) oriented transversely to the flow. Estimates are given of the frequency and growth rate of the free-electron laser (FEL) type of instability excited in this smooth-bore magnetron configuration.