gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-function analysis of signal and growth inhibition by carboxyamido-triazole, CAI. (1994)

Evidence is accumulating that calcium homeostasis and calcium-regulated events may be selectively important in generation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. CAI, a carboxyamido-triazole with a halogenated benzophenone tail, is a novel inhibitor of receptor-operated calcium influx and arachidonic acid release which inhibits malignant proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The focus of this investigation was structural analysis of CAI and to determine if the inhibition of calcium influx and arachidonic acid release by CAI and its antiproliferative activity were mediated through the same chemical domains. Four families of molecular modifications of the CAI parent were synthesized: (I) modification or substitution of the triazole ring; (II) removal of the substituted benzophenone tail; (III) dehalogenation or partial truncation of the benzophenone moiety; and (IV) removal of the triazole and altered substitutions of the benzophenone tail. Compounds were tested for the inhibition of calcium influx and arachidonic acid release and inhibition of proliferation and colony formation in soft agar using the malignant CHO line transfected with the m5 muscarinic receptor and the A2058 human melanoma cell line. Only CAI and Group I compounds inhibited stimulated calcium influx, arachidonic acid release, and proliferation. Linear regression analysis of the relationship of the 50% inhibitory concentration values for all compounds in inhibition of calcium influx and arachidonate release was statistically significant (r2 = 0.993). Similarly, a linear relationship was demonstrated between inhibition of calcium influx and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation (r2 = 0.971). Groups II-IV had minimal or no signal or growth inhibitory activity. This investigation provides the first evidence for a coordinate link between calcium influx, calcium-mediated arachidonic acid release, and malignant proliferation and metastasis and constitutes the initial analysis of structurally important domains of the CAI molecule.
Implementation and Characterization of a Two-Dimensional Printed Circuit\n Dynamic Metasurface Aperture for Computational Microwave Imaging (2019)

We present the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a two-dimensional, dynamically tuned, metasurface aperture, emphasizing its potential performance in computational imaging applications. The dynamic metasurface aperture (DMA) consists of an irregular, planar cavity that feeds a multitude of tunable metamaterial elements, all fabricated in a compact, multilayer printed circuit board process. The design considerations for the metamaterial element as a tunable radiator, the associated biasing circuitry, as well as cavity parameters are examined and discussed. A sensing matrix can be constructed from the measured transmit patterns, the singular value spectrum of which provides insight into the information capacity of the apertures. We investigate the singular value spectra of the sensing matrix over a variety of operating parameters, such as the number of metamaterial elements, number of masks, and number of radiating elements. After optimizing over these key parameters, we demonstrate computational microwave imaging of simple test objects.
Moving propagation of suspicious myocardial infarction from delayed enhanced cardiac imaging to CINE MRI using hybrid image registration (2011)

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has proved its effectiveness to determine the patient-specific myocardial motion/functional information via the cine imaging and to detect myocardial infarction in the delayed enhanced MRI (DE-MRI). Standard cardiac MR protocols usually acquire these two sets of images across multiple acquisitions with varying imaging slice geometry, pixel spacing and different breath-holdings, which could make the joint inspection of myocardial motion and infarction difficult. The purpose of this work is therefore to develop dedicated post-processing algorithms to register DE-MRI to corresponding cine image and propagate suspicious infarction to all cardiac phases. Suspicious infarction regions delineated in the DE-MRI can be used to define the region-of-interest for the quantification of regional wall motion abnormality. The proposed approaches are applied to 6 patients and the evaluation shows the feasibility of a joint DE-MRI and cine assessment which can yield clinically valuable outcomes.
Development of a Sequential Kinking Terminal for W-Beam Guardrails (1998)

A new tangent energy-absorbing W-beam guardrail terminal that meets NCHRP Report 350 criteria has been developed. The terminal, designated the SKT-350, dissipates the energy of an encroaching vehicle by producing a series of plastic hinges in the W-beam as the terminal head is pushed down the guardrail. This energy-absorption concept allows for significantly lower dynamic forces on the encroaching vehicle, reducing the vehicle damage, the weight of the terminal head, the propensity for vehicle yaw and roll after impact, and the chances of buckling in the W-beam section. The energy required to move the head down the rail in this design is optimized for current criteria, but by modifying the bending geometry in the head, the average force to displace the head down the rail can be adjusted from values ranging from 11 to 60 kN (2,500 to 13,500 lb), meaning that the system can be easily modified to meet any future changes in safety performance standards. In addition to these important safety advantages, the terminal incorporates a unique cable anchor bracket that closely resembles a breakaway cable terminal anchor and a novel foundation tube design that facilitates the removal of broken posts during repair. Combining the features of reduced forces and head weight, a simple cable box, and more economical soil tubes allows the system to offer the advantages of both reduced cost and improved performance.
Garbage modeling with decoys for a sequential recognition scenario (2009)

This paper is concerned with a speech recognition scenario where two unequal ASR systems, one fast with constrained resources, the other significantly slower but also much more powerful, work together in a sequential manner. In particular, we focus on decisions when to accept the results of the first recognizer and when the second recognizer needs to be consulted. As a kind of application-dependent garbage modeling, we suggest an algorithm that augments the grammar of the first recognizer with those valid paths through the language model of the second recognizer that are confusable with the phrases from this grammar. We show how this algorithm outperforms a system that only looks at recognition confidences by about 20% relative.
Tritium extraction furnace (1992)

This invention is comprised of apparatus for heating an object such as a nuclear target bundle to release and recover hydrogen and contain the disposable residue for disposal. The apparatus comprises an inverted furnace, a sleeve/crucible assembly for holding and enclosing the bundle, conveying equipment for placing the sleeve onto the crucible and loading the bundle into the sleeve/crucible, a lift for raising the enclosed bundle into the furnace, and hydrogen recovery equipment including a trap and strippers, all housed in a containment having, negative internal pressure. The crucible/sleeve assembly has an internal volume that is sufficient to enclose and hold the bundle before heating; the crucible`s internal volume is sufficient by itself to hold and enclose the bundle`s volume after heating. The crucible can then be covered and disposed of, the sleeve, on the other hand, can be reused.
K(ATP)-channel inhibition improves hemodynamics and cellular energetics in hemorrhagic shock (1997)

We tested whether activation of K(ATP) channels contributes to vasodilatation and end-organ hypoperfusion in severe hemorrhagic shock (HS). Anesthetized juvenile pigs were hemorrhaged to a portal blood flow of 45% of baseline for 45 min and then resuscitated with Ringer lactate (RL; 100% volume of shed blood; n = 10) or RL in combination with the K(ATP)-channel antagonist glibenclamide (10 mg/kg iv bolus injection; n = 10). Addition of glibenclamide to the resuscitation fluid caused a sustained recovery of systemic blood pressure, cardiac index, portal blood flow, renal blood flow, renal cortical ATP concentration, and ileal mucosal P(CO2). Treatment with RL alone caused only a partial and transient hemodynamic and metabolic benefit. Glibenclamide treatment of sham-shocked control pigs (n = 6) transiently increased mesenteric and systemic vascular resistance. Inhibition of K(ATP)-channel activity in HS, which effectively and safely restores systemic hemodynamics, regional perfusion, and tissue metabolism, is a potentially novel therapeutic approach to the management of severe HS.
Rubini, a new live attenuated mumps vaccine virus strain for human diploid cells. (1986)

A new, live attenuated mumps vaccine virus strain for human diploid cells has been developed at the Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute, Berne. The Rubini virus was derived from a child of the same name possessing typical clinical signs and symptoms of mumps infection. Attenuation of the wild virus was performed by isolation and serial passage in WI-38 human diploid cells, specific pathogen-free hens' eggs and MRC-5 human diploid cells. The attenuated virus has been examined in respect of identity, freedom from adventitious agents and growth potential in MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, it does not evoke any clinical reactions in either baby or adult monkeys. It is characterized by the production in Vero cells of smaller plaques than are elicited by either the Jeryl Lynn or Urabe mumps virus strains. The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the Rubini virus for man was studied by administering a monovalent vaccine to 13 adult male volunteers and a trivalent human diploid cell Rubini, measles (Edmonston-Zagreb-19 virus strain) and rubella (RA 27/3 virus strain) vaccine to 60 children ranging in age from 15 to 24 months. No reactions were observed. Seroconversion was obtained in 95% of the vaccinees, who developed a mean 50% neutralizing antibody titre of 1:64 after 6-8 weeks. Sensitization to avian and other animal proteins and antibiotics which may follow the use of most of the currently available measles-mumps-rubella vaccines, either single or combined, may be expected to be eliminated when this new vaccine is used. Its use in persons already sensitized to such products should furthermore induce no anaphylactic reactions.
Borrelia burgdorferi antigens that are targeted by antibody-dependent, complement-mediated killing in the rhesus monkey (1994)

We identified surface antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi that are targeted by antibody-dependent, complement-mediated killing (ADCK) in the rhesus monkey. For this purpose, we had available serum samples from three animals infected with B. burgdorferi JD1 by needle inoculation and from two monkeys that were infected with the same B. burgdorferi strain by Ixodes scapularis tick bite. Sera from monkeys from the first group contained antibodies to OspA and OspB detectable by Western blot (immunoblot) using whole B. burgdorferi antigens, whereas serum samples from animals in the second group did not. The targeting of OspA and OspB by functional antibodies was demonstrated directly by showing that ADCK was partially inhibited when antibodies were preincubated with an excess of soluble recombinant OspA or OspB. Simultaneous addition of OspA and OspB did not result in an additive inhibitory effect on ADCK, a result that suggests that the epitopes on OspA and that on OspB targeted by antibody in this mechanism are the same, or at least cross-reacting. The targeting of non-OspA, non-OspB surface antigens was inferred from the fact that sera from tick-inoculated animals, which did not contain detectable anti-OspA or anti-OspB antibodies, were able to effect ADCK. This killing effect was not inhibitable by the addition of recombinant OspA or OspB or both proteins together. We also showed that both immunoglobulin G and M antibodies participate in the ADCK mechanism in the rhesus monkey. Rhesus complement does not kill B. burgdorferi in vitro in the absence of antibody, and antibody alone is effective in killing only at serum dilutions lower than 1:15. However, such "complement-independent" antibodies were not present in all bleeds. Two main conclusions may be drawn from the analysis of our results. First, both OspA and OspB are targeted by the ADCK mechanism in the rhesus monkey. Second, one or more B. burgdorferi surface antigens that are neither OspA nor OspB also participate in ADCK.
High-Efficiency Radical Photopolymerization Enhanced by Autonomous Dark Cure (2020)

Radical photopolymerization (RPP) has grown into a multibillion-dollar technology for reduced energy consumption and waste with increased productivity. However, radical-mediated polymerization ceases almost immediately following discontinuation of irradiation because of rapid termination of reactive centers. This restricts the wider use of RPP in applications that involve light attenuation or irregular surfaces because uniform polymerization is not guaranteed for these challenging exposure conditions and the resultant undercuring leads to compromised material properties and harmful leachable monomers. Herein, we developed a unique radical dark-curing photoinitiator (DCPI) that continues its polymerization beyond the cessation of irradiation. The DCPI achieved a remarkable 25–60% additional conversion over a 1 h period, when light was shuttered at 20% conversion, compared to the 1–3% additional conversion achieved by a Norrish type II control photoinitiator. We elucidated the origin of the high photon efficiency using computational studies and experiments, which suggest that the DCPI may be the most-photon-efficient photoinitiator to date. We also demonstrated that the mechanical properties of dark-cured polymer are similar to and even exceed those of the corresponding polymer obtained by extended photocuring. In particular, the initial 0.1 MPa storage modulus continuously developed to 4.3 MPa without further irradiation, while also exhibiting ∼30% less shrinkage stress than the full exposure control. With its superior photo- and dark-polymerization efficiency, the DCPI enhances the performance of many existing RPP processes while extending RPP to heretofore unattainable applications. The DCPI accomplishes such a performance through an inherent automatic rectification of initially undercured regions and defies the RPP paradigm that light dosage directly correlates to conversion.
BIER Use Cases (2019)

Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that provides
optimal multicast forwarding through a without requiring
intermediate routers to maintain any multicast related per- flow
state. BIER also does not require any explicit tree-building protocol
for its operation. A multicast data packet enters a BIER domain at a
Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at
one or more Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers (BFERs). The BFIR router
adds a BIER header to the packet. The BIER header contains a bit-
string in which each bit represents exactly one BFER to forward the
packet to. The set of BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be
forwarded is expressed by setting the bits that correspond to those
routers in the BIER header. This document describes some of the use-
cases for BIER.
Control of Oral Biofilm Formation by an Antimicrobial Decapeptide (2005)

Oral biofilms are mixed-species microbial communities, and their uncontrolled outgrowth can express as oral diseases. Antimicrobial peptides represent alternative classes of antimicrobials that exhibit selectivity for prokaryotes. We wanted to test the effect of a synthetic decapeptide antimicrobial, KSL, on the development of oral biofilms formed by isolated human salivary bacteria. We used differential interference contrast microscopy, coupled with a dual-flow cell system, to determine the effect of KSL on oral biofilm development. We used reductions of viable counts and confocal microscopy to assess the bactericidal activity of KSL on mature oral biofilms. KSL effectively blocked biofilm development. A significant effect on the viability of mature biofilms was observed when KSL was used in the presence of a surface-active agent, or after biofilms were mechanically disrupted. This study shows that KSL may be a useful adjunct for conventional oral hygiene to prevent plaque-mediated dental diseases.
An Acoustic Plethysmograph to Measure Total Infant Body Volume (1985)

An acoustic plethysmograph intended to measure the body volume of premature infants has been developed using the principle of the Helmholtz resonator, in which the resonance frequency is dependent on the volume of the resonating cavity. A prototype system was built and used to measure the volume of inanimate objects and newborn miniature pigs. Results for inanimate objects agree within 1 percent with comparable measurements by water displacement. Results of the animal body volume measurements compare favorably (within an average of 1.1 percent) with those obtained using hydrostatic weighing.
Built-In Self-Test of MEMS Accelerometers (2006)

A built-in self-test technique that is applicable to symmetric microsystems is described. A combination of existing layout features and additional circuitry is used to make measurements from symmetrically located points. In addition to the normal sense output, self-test outputs are used to detect the presence of layout asymmetry that are caused by local, hard-to-detect defects. Simulation results for an accelerometer reveal that our self-test approach is able to distinguish misbehavior resulting from local defects and global manufacturing process variations. A mathematical model is developed to analyze the efficacy of the differential built-in self-test method in characterization of a wide range of local manufacturing variations affecting different regions of a device and/or wafer. Model predictions are validated by simulation. Specifically, it has been shown that by using a suitable modulation scheme, sensitivity to etch variation along a particular direction is improved by nearly 30%.
<title>Large format narrow-band, multi-band, and broad-band quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays for remote sensing</title> (2006)

A 640×512 pixel, long-wavelength cutoff, narrow-band (Δλ/λ~10%) quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA), a four-band QWIP FPA in the 4-15 μm spectral region, and a broad-band (Δλ/λ~42%) QWIP FPA having a 1 5.4 μm cutoff have been demonstrated. In this paper, we discuss the electrical and optical characterization of these FPAs. and their performance. In addition, we discuss the development of a very sensitive (NEDT-10.6 mK) 640×512 pixel thermal imaging camera having a 9 μm cutoff.
25  W 2  μm broadband polarization-maintaining hybrid Ho- and Tm-doped fiber amplifier (2019)

We report the design, evaluation, and performance of a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber amplifier with a CW output power of >25 W at 2051 nm and a high input signal dynamic range of 34 dB at 25 W. To improve both the output power and dynamic range performance of previous amplifiers, we propose a PM hybrid design with a single-clad Ho-doped preamplifier (HDFA) followed by a double-clad Tm-doped power amplifier (TDFA). The role of the Ho-doped fiber preamplifier is to provide large input signal dynamic range, low noise figure, and moderate output power over an operating bandwidth from ≈2-2.1 μm. The role of the Tm-doped fiber power amplifier is to offer power amplification with good efficiency, taking full advantage of 2-for-1 ion-ion interactions, with the possibility of scaling up the output power to values much higher than 25 W. Our hybrid Ho-Tm-doped design provides a PM fiber amplifier with a combination of large input signal dynamic range, low noise figure, broad operating bandwidth, and high output power. Simulations of the hybrid HDFA/TDFA performance agree relatively well with experimental data.
Leveraging Gate-Level Properties to Identify Hardware Timing Channels (2014)

Modern embedded computing systems such as medical devices, airplanes, and automobiles continue to dominate some of the most critical aspects of our lives. In such systems, the movement of information throughout a device must be tightly controlled to prevent violations of privacy or integrity. Unfortunately, bounding the flow of information can often present a significant challenge, as information can flow through channels that are difficult to detect, such as timing channels. As has been demonstrated by recent research in hardware security, information flow tracking techniques deployed at the hardware or gate level show promise at identifying these “timing flows” but provide no formal statements about this claim NOR mechanisms for separating out timing information from other types of flows. In this paper, we first prove that gate-level information flow tracking can in fact detect timing flows. In addition, we work to identify these timing flows separately from other flows by presenting a framework for identifying a different type of flow that we call functional flows. By using this framework to either confirm or rule out the existence of such flows, we leverage the previous work in hardware information flow tracking to effectively isolate timing flows. To show the effectiveness of this model, we demonstrate its usage on three practical examples: a shared bus (I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C), a cache in a MIPS-based processor, and an RSA encryption core, all of which were written in Verilog/VHDL and then simulated in a variety of scenarios. In each scenario, we demonstrate how our framework can be used to identify timing and functional flows and also analyze our model's overhead.
Modeling and animating gases with simulation features (2005)

In modeling natural phenomena, artists often compromise the benefits of direct control for the visual realism of physics-based simulation. For gases, Eulerian simulations traditionally provide realistic results, but a poor representation for artistically shaping the media. In our system, users work with a more intuitive set of continuously extracted features whose manipulation feeds back into the original simulation. This novel approach overcomes common control issues by providing modeling tools to manipulate high-level behavior in Eulerian simulations. We employ techniques in feature extraction, real-time gas simulation, and volume rendering to build an interactive system to sculpt three-dimensional flows.