gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by searching the multiway heterogeneous tree (2003)

The number of Chinese characters is very large, frequently it exceeds 5000 in daily usage. In order to achieve accuracy and speed in the recognition of handwritten Chinese characters, it is essential to have a well-organized model database. In the paper, the structural and statistical information of Chinese characters are represented by hierarchical attributed graphs. A heterogeneous multiway tree structure is used to organize the model database. For an input character, a corresponding model character in the database is found by a search process which can be divided into a number of simple and local decisions at different levels of the tree. The matching process becomes quite efficient and accurate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Presidential Address (1976)

From the Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
C7-Derivatization of C3-Alkylindoles Including Tryptophans and Tryptamines (2014)

A versatile strategy for C7-selective boronation of tryptophans, tryptamines, and 3-alkylindoles by way of a single-pot C2/C7-diboronation-C2-protodeboronation sequence is described. The combination of a mild iridium-catalyzed C2/C7-diboronation followed by an in situ palladium-catalyzed C2-protodeboronation allows efficient entry to valuable C7-boroindoles that enable further C7-derivatization. The versatility of the chemistry is highlighted by the gram-scale synthesis of C7-boronated N-Boc-L-tryptophan methyl ester and the rapid synthesis of C7-halo, C7-hydroxy, and C7-aryl tryptophan derivatives.
Motor proteins of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton (1997)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Joint detection-decoding of majority-logic decodable nonbinary LDPC coded modulation systems: An iterative noise reduction algorithm (2013)

In this paper, we present a low-complexity iterative joint detection-decoding algorithm for majority-logic decodable nonbinary LDPC coded modulation systems. In the proposed algorithm, a hard-in-hard-out decoder is combined with a hard-decision signal detector in an iterative manner. Each iteration consists of five phases. Firstly, the detector makes hard decisions based on the iteratively updated “received” signals; secondly, these hard-decisions are distributed via variable nodes to check nodes; thirdly, check nodes compute hard extrinsic messages; fourthly, each variable node counts hard extrinsic messages from its adjacent check nodes and feeds back to the detection node the symbol with the most votes as well as the difference between the most votes and the second most votes; finally, these feedbacks are used to shift each “received” signal point along an estimated direction to possibly reduce noise. The proposed algorithm requires only integer operations and finite field operations. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs well and hence serves as an attractive candidate to decode majority-logic decodable nonbinary LDPC codes.
The u-MUSE System: An Integrated UPnP AV Home Entertainment System supporting RUI Service and Device Mobility (2006)

In this paper, we present the u-MUSE system which is an integrated UPnP AV home entertainment system performing role of control center for various heterogeneous AV devices in home network via the integrated controller. The integrated controller is an integrated module of Control Point and MediaRenderer to support simultaneously control and rendering in same device. The u-MUSE system supports remote user interface service which is based on remote frame buffer (RFB) protocol and remote user interface technology. Users can directly access and control to remote devices. To support device mobility and various multimedia services such as control service or playback service ubiquitously in home, we embedded the integrated controller in mobile device of the system.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Urea Synthesis by N–H Activation of Amines (2017)

Activation of the N-H bond of amines by a ruthenium pincer complex operating via "amine-amide" metal-ligand cooperation is demonstrated. Catalytic formyl C-H activation of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is observed in situ, which resulted in the formation of CO and dimethylamine. The scope of this new mode of bond activation is extended to the synthesis of urea derivatives from amines using DMF as a carbon monoxide (CO) surrogate. This catalytic protocol allows the synthesis of simple and functionalized urea derivatives with liberation of hydrogen, devoid of any stoichiometric activating reagents, and avoids the direct use of fatal CO. The catalytic carbonylation occurred at low temperature to provide the formamide; a formamide intermediate was isolated. The consecutive addition of different amines provided unsymmetrical urea compounds. The reactions are proposed to proceed via N-H activation of amines followed by CO insertion from DMF and with liberation of dihydrogen.
Adaptive color segmentation-a comparison of neural and statistical methods (1997)

With the availability of more powerful computers it is nowadays possible to perform pixel based operations on real camera images even in the full color space. New adaptive classification tools like neural networks make it possible to develop special-purpose object detectors that can segment arbitrary objects in real images with a complex distribution in the feature space after training with one or several previously labeled image(s). The paper focuses on a detailed comparison of a neural approach based on local linear maps (LLMs) to a classifier based on normal distributions. The proposed adaptive segmentation method uses local color information to estimate the membership probability in the object, respectively, background class. The method is applied to the recognition and localization of human hands in color camera images of complex laboratory scenes.
IoT based Smart and Efficient Hearing Aid using ARM Cortex Microcontroller (2020)

Hearing loss is often associated with poor performance and incident dementia that leads to reduced social engagements, loneliness, and depression. Hearing aids are a solution for hearing loss. Traditional Hearing aids are an electroacoustic device that blocks noise and enhances target sound out of a multi-source mixture. In some cases when the source objects are devices such as mobiles, laptops, or television a higher distortion happens when the traditional hearing aid amplifies the multi-source mixture which leads the wearer unable to extract the exact information conveyed. This paper proposes a smart internet of things based hearing aid which is cost-effective, reliable, and secured. The smart hearing aid compounds the properties of system on- chip property of micro-controllers which allows the user to connect the internet of things based device directly to the hearing aid, therefore, limiting the multi-source mixture. The micro-controller is equipped with an advance digital signal processor that helps in the separation of acoustic sounds and functions more enhanced compared to the traditional ear aids commercially produced.
Co salicide technology for sub-0.15 μm FD-SOI and beyond: super-flat silicide and fully-silicided source/drain structure (2002)

Fully-depleted SOI devices have excellent characteristics for low power applications, in such regards as low subthreshold swing, low source/drain (S/D) capacitance and small floating body effect compared to bulk devices or partially-depleted SOI devices (Imai et al, 1998; Chen et al, 1999). These features derive from the thin SOI layer whose typical thickness is less than 50 nm; however, silicidation of such thin SOI films makes device fabrication extremely difficult. In order to keep sheet resistance low enough even in narrow lines many methods have been proposed to date, but they are not applicable to FD-SOI devices because FD-SOI devices require much higher silicide uniformity. Another important issue to overcome is reduction of the parasitic source/drain series resistance. This work presents a solution for such ultra-thin SOI layers in the fabrication of ULSI devices. The new salicide is applied to the fabrication of sub-0.20 /spl mu/m FD CMOS devices on ultra-thin SOI substrates to investigate the validity of the FD-CMOS structure where S/D Si is completely consumed (fully silicided).
Familial Coaggregation of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2013)

There may be familial coaggregation of AD and PD, although the association was modest and only apparent when studying AD risk associated with family history of PD.
Linked Data Reactor: a Framework for Building Reactive Linked Data Applications (2016)

This paper presents Linked Data Reactor (LD-Reactor or LD-R) as a framework for developing exible and reusable User Interface components for Linked Data applications. LD-Reactor utilizes Facebook's ReactJS components, Flux architecture and Yahoo's Fluxible framework for isomorphic Web applications. It also exploits Semantic-UI framework for exible UI themes. LD-R aims to apply the idea of component-based application development into RDF data model hence enhancing current user interfaces to view, browse and edit Linked Data.
Therapeutic use of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (2014)

Targeting CTLA-4 represents a new type of immunotherapeutic approach, namely immune checkpoint inhibition. Blockade of CTLA-4 by ipilimumab was the first strategy to achieve a significant clinical benefit for late-stage melanoma patients in two phase 3 trials. These results fueled the notion of immunotherapy being the breakthrough strategy for oncology in 2013. Subsequently, many trials have been set up to test various immune checkpoint modulators in malignancies, not only in melanoma. In this review, recent new ideas about the mechanism of action of CTLA-4 blockade, its current and future therapeutic use, and the intensive search for biomarkers for response will be discussed. Immune checkpoint blockade, targeting CTLA-4 and/or PD-1/PD-L1, is currently the most promising systemic therapeutic approach to achieve long-lasting responses or even cure in many types of cancer, not just in patients with melanoma.
Plant Cell Walls as Dietary Fibre: Range, Structure, Processing and Function (1996)

The ingestion of dietary fibre has been correlated with the prevention of many health-threatening diseases and cancers. Plant cell walls are the major source of dietary fibre and this review investigates the relationship between the structure of different types of plant cell walls and their beneficial effects. The effects of processing and cooking on dietary fibre are also examined. Structure–function relationships between individual cell wall components and the beneficial effects of dietary fibre are not well defined and it may be that the physical, physiochemical and topochemical properties of plant cell walls and their components are also important.
Cell volume regulation by the thin descending limb of Henle's loop. (1988)

Thin descending limb cells from Henle's loop (from the inner strip of the outer medulla of long loops) were studied with optical and video techniques to identify the mechanisms of ion transport and cell volume regulation. Increasing the K+ concentration in the basolateral solution from 5 to 90 mM caused the cells to swell. This K+-induced swelling was inhibited by exposure of the basolateral membrane to 9 mM Ba2+ and was abolished by removing Cl- from the perfusion solutions. Decreasing the perfusion osmolality caused an increase in cell volume followed by a return to the preexposure volume. The latter regulatory decrease in hypoosmolality was slowed by basolateral Ba2+ and the removal of HCO-3 from the solutions. Further slowing occurred when both HCO-3 and Cl- were removed. Exposure of cells to ouabain abolished volume regulation. These data suggest that the basolateral cell membrane of the thin descending limb has a Cl- -dependent K+ permeability, which is important in cell volume regulation. The cells also possess Cl- and HCO-3 transport pathways that participate in volume regulation. Finally, volume regulation is dependent upon the operation of the Na/K pump.
Microwave Cathode for Air Breathing Electric Propulsion (2009)

The feasibility of compensating drag on a small satellite at low orbital altitude using electric propulsion with propellant ingested from the atmosphere is demonstrated using a simple analysis. A microwave powered plasma cathode is described which efficiently produces large electron currents using xenon (10.3 A at 90 mA/W) and argon (5.7 A at 50 mA/W) at 50 V bias and flow rates comparable to thermionic hollow cathodes. This cathode is proposed as a neutralizer on long duration missions in the lower thermosphere.
High-tension power delivery: operating 0.18μm CMOS digital logic at 5.4V (2005)

A "high-tension" power-delivery system stacks CMOS logic domains to operate at multiples of the supply voltage without explicit downconverters. Experimental results are presented for a prototype system in a 0.18 /spl mu/m technology operating at 3.6 V and 5.4 V. Peak energy efficiencies as high as 93% are demonstrated at 3.6 V.
Monocular deprivation provokes alteration of the neuronal cytoskeleton in developing cat lateral geniculate nucleus (2009)

Monocular deprivation early in development produces considerable change in the organization of connections within the central mammalian visual system. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, the soma, dendrites, and axon terminal fields of deprived cells become considerably smaller than nondeprived counterparts. We have examined the possibility that subcellular events enabling structural modification of deprived neurons include modification of proteins comprising the cytoskeleton. We examined the integrity of the cytoskeleton by measuring the response of a subset of its proteins to varying durations of monocular deprivation. Loss of all three neurofilament subunits (light, medium, and heavy) within deprived layers was observed to parallel changes in neuron gross structure. Monocular deprivation initiated beyond early life produced neither a change in structure nor a loss of neurofilament labeling.
A high linearity chireix outphasing power amplifier using composite right/left-handed transmission lines (2007)

A high linearity Chireix outphasing power amplifier using composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH TL) is proposed at 2.4GHz. The 180° hybrid power combiner including CRLH-TL is designed to suppress the second and third harmonics. The output matching circuit is optimized for suppressing the second and third harmonics. The output power at the fundamental frequency shows 32.1 dBm, whereas the second harmonic shows −19.5 dBm and the 3rd harmonic −22.3 dBm as simulation results with 20 dBm input power excited. The class E amplifiers are utilized for maintaining high efficiency for this work.
Optimized Reservoir Management With Mixed Linear Programming (1997)

Summary Reservoir engineers face a large number of possible development plans for major offshore oil fields. Some of the factors affecting development include product-processing capacities, drilling-rig availability, extended use of existing platforms, enhanced-recovery options, and subsidence-avoidance requirements. Reservoir simulation is an accepted technique for estimating production from oil and gas fields. Each possible development scenario is simulated separately to obtain future oil- and gas-production estimates from wells included in the scenario. Simulation results are analyzed for each run, and the optimal plan is selected. Enumerating all the possible drilling schedules is a difficult task, and, even with clusters of advanced scientific workstations, the computational requirements of simulation can be overwhelming. This paper describes the application of linear mixed integer programming (MIP) to the combinatorial problem of generating the optimal redevelopment scenario for the Ekofisk field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. The MIP model determines the optimal redevelopment program and drilling schedule while maintaining operationally feasible product-processing requirements, drilling-rig use, and well/platform relationships. Optimality is based on the net present value (NPV) of the estimated production forecasts for the wells selected. Total recovered reserves is an alternative optimization criterion. Reservoir simulations generated the estimated production forecasts used in iterative runs of the optimized model. We discuss success of the approach and extensions.
Automated Dynamic Well Control With Managed-Pressure Drilling: A Case Study and Simulation Analysis (2015)

Summary The detection and control of gas kicks in oil-based mud/synthetic-based mud while drilling through narrow pore-pressure/fracture-pressure windows has always been a challenge because of gas solubility and mud compressibility. Continuous closed-loop monitoring of the well and automated early kick detection and control helps to keep the influx volume at a minimum before it reaches the well-control-threshold margin in the kick-tolerance matrix. This paper presents a case study and detailed analysis of the event through advanced simulations to examine the benefits of automated influx detection and control by use of a managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) system compared with a conventional-well-control method. In the case study, an automated-MPD system successfully detected and controlled a gas influx in oil-based mud while drilling in onshore western Canada. The analysis used dynamic well-control simulations to regenerate the event, and a close match with the field data was achieved. A sensitivity analysis was then conducted to study the effect of total response time on pressures at the surface and at the casing shoe during the application of the conventional “driller's method” of well control. The findings from the study demonstrate how automated early kick detection and control minimize influx volume and increase operational safety. The implementation of an MPD system with such capabilities significantly reduces nonproductive time by enabling influx circulation at full rate and eliminating the need for flow check, blowout-preventer closure, and operational delays inherent in conventional well control.
Ebola Virus Persistence in the Environment: State of the Knowledge and Research Needs (2014)

In March 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus (Ebola) arose in western Africa. Since then, there have been more than 10000 cases reported with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in clinically confirmed cases. A significant unanswered question has arisen for the scientific and engineering communities, as well as the general public, surrounding Ebola virus persistence in the environment and the potential for an environmental route of Ebola virus exposure. Here, the authors review the state of knowledge of Ebola virus environmental persistence and highlight future research needs. In general, there are limited data on the environmental persistence or disinfection of Ebola virus available in the open literature. The available evidence suggests that Ebola virus is inactivated at a rate more rapid than or comparable to those of typically monitored enteric viruses. Additionally, while environmental exposure is not the dominant exposure route, available data suggest that it is imprudent to dismiss the potential of environmental transmission without further evidence. A significant research effort, including environmental persistence studies and microbial risk assessment, is necessary to inform the safe handling and disposal of Ebola virus-contaminated waste, especially liquid waste in the wastewater collection and treatment system.
Virtual Impedance Design for Power Quality and Harmonic Sharing Improvement in Microgrids (2019)

One of the main challenges of decentrally operated islanded microgrids has been proper harmonic sharing for parallel connected inverters. This is largely affected by differences in the feeder impedances of the inverters. Virtual impedances are able to improve the harmonic current sharing, at the cost of deteriorating the power quality at the outputs of the inverters. This paper proposes a method for minimally setting the virtual impedances based on an optimization algorithm and estimation of the feeder impedances. The scheme ensures proper sharing between the units, while the power quality at the inverter terminals are minimally affected. The scheme is verified by numerically simulating a test microgrid.
A Novel Imaging Technique to Measure Capillary-Refill Time: Improving Diagnostic Accuracy for Dehydration in Young Children With Gastroenteritis (2006)

Results of this prospective cohort study suggest that digitally measured capillary-refill time more accurately predicts significant dehydration (> or = 5%) in young children with gastroenteritis than overall clinical assessment.
Home multimedia systems: on personal video libraries (2003)

The fruition of multimedia content will change dramatically thanks to new digital home platforms. Large capacity home storage devices will allow for local caching of audiovisual content from broadcast services. Auxiliary information on TV programmes delivered via online service will complement the video content, enabling automatic filtering and search capabilities on the receiving system. The AVIR project investigates on new scenarios for the usage of home video databases.
Bulk BiPbSrCaCuO rf SQUIDs operating up to 101 K (1990)

rf superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) of bulk Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox samples have been fabricated using an adjustable break junction and operated from 4.2 to 101 K. An adjustable break junction is used as weak link whose critical current can be varied to obtain the optimum signal at each given temperature. These SQUIDs can be reproducibly operated after many thermal cycles and moisture-drying processes. Flux noise spectra as function of both of frequency and temperature have been measured. The typical values of flux noise and energy resolution at a frequency of 200 Hz and 77 K are ∼2×10−4 φ0/(Hz)1/2 and ∼8.6×10−28 J/Hz, respectively, which are comparable to that of bulk YBa2Cu3O7−y rf SQUIDs.
Morphological tagging approach in document analysis of invoices (2004)

A morphological tagging approach for document image invoice analysis is described. Tokens close by their morphology and confirmed in their location within different similar contexts make apparent some parts of speech representative of the structure elements. This bottom up approach avoids the use of an priori knowledge provided that there are redundant and frequent contexts in the text. The approach is applied on the invoice body text roughly recognized by OCR and automatically segmented. The method makes possible the detection of the invoice articles and their different fields. The regularity of the article composition and its redundancy in the invoice is a good help for its structure. The recognition rate of 276 invoices and 1704 articles, is over than 91.02% for articles and 92.56% for fields.
Front Matter: Volume 6431 (2007)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6431, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.