gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal gold as a biocompatible immobilization matrix suitable for the fabrication of enzyme electrodes by electrodeposition (1992)

Glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, xanthine oxidase, and carbonic anhydrase have been adsorbed to colloidal gold sols with good retention of enzymatic activity. Adsorption of xanthine oxidase on colloidal gold did not result in a change in enzymatic activity as determined by active site titration with the stoichiometric inhibitor pterin aldehyde and by measurement of the apparent Michaelis constant (K'(M)). Gold sols with adsorbed glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and xanthine oxidase have also been electrodeposited onto conducting matrices (platinum gauze and/or glassy carbon) to make enzyme electrodes. These electrodes retained enzymatic activity and, more importantly, gave an electrochemical response to the enzyme substrate in the presence of an appropriate electron transfer mediator. Our results demonstrate the utility of colloidal gold as a biocompatible enzyme immobilization matrix suitable for the fabrication of enzyme electrodes.
Point-diffraction fiber interferometer for vibration desensitization (2005)

We present a new type of point-diffraction interferometer specially designed for industrial use to obtain high immunity to external vibration encountered in the course of measurement process. The proposed interferometer uses thermally- expanded fibers instead of conventional pinholes as the point-diffraction source to obtain a high quality reference wave with an additional advantage of relatively easy alignment of interferometric optical setup. Vibration desensitization is realized through a common-path configuration that allows the influence of vibration to identically affect both the reference wave and the measurement wave and be subsequently cancelled out during the interference of the two waves. A new spatial phase shifter is also added to capture four phase-shifted interferograms simultaneously without time delay using a single camera to avoid vibration effect. Experimental results for a spherical concave mirror prove that the proposed interferometer is capable of providing stable measurements with a level of fringe stabilization of less than 1 nanometer in a typical workshop environment equipped with no excessive ground isolation for anti-vibration. Also, we verify that the proposed interferometer using a short coherence source is applicable to the surface metrology for defect inspection of transparent substrates such as liquid crystal display panels.
The Influence of the Driving Voltage and Ion Concentration on the Lateral Ion Transport in Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays (2005)

Nematic liquid crystal displays (LCDs) contain ions that influence the electrooptical characteristics of the display. A typical super-twisted nematic (STN) display for mobile phone applications becomes darker at a standard driving frequency if it contains many impurity ions. We have discovered that ions can travel in the plane of the glass plates in the absence of a lateral electric field, leading to lateral nonhomogeneity in transmission (dark and bright stripes). In this paper, we present our research on the lateral ion transport dependence on the driving square wave (SQW) amplitude and dc component at a wide range of ion concentrations. The existence of a dc component, a high ion concentration and high SQW amplitudes increase the lateral ion speed.
Ketamine and the potential role for rapid-acting antidepressant medications (2007)

Ketamine appears to be the first medication to produce a rapid, although short-lasting, antidepressant response. This finding emerges from two studies: the first was a pilot study published in 2000 by a group of investigators at Yale University [1], and the second was a larger study published last year by an investigative team based at the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program [2]. Both studies make the same essential points: 1) depressed patients who had not responded to other antidepressant treatments began to show an antidepressant response within hours of ketamine administration that was significantly better than placebo, 2) for a subgroup of patients (it is difficult to estimate the true size of this group given the small sample sizes for the two studies) this response constituted a remission of their depressive symptoms, 3) that the antidepressant response to a single dose of ketamine persisted for a week or more in some patients, 4) that ketamine administration in these patients was associated with transient cognitive impairments and perceptual changes consistent with psychotigenic effects of ketamine reported in healthy individuals, and 5) overall, ketamine was safe and well-tolerated by the depressed patients studied to date. It is important to note that ketamine is not the first rapid-acting antidepressant treatment identified. That distinction probably belongs to sleep deprivation, whose transient antidepressant effects have been known for over 35 years [3], but whose underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. One can imagine many uses for a rapid-acting antidepressant medication. For example, it might be used to prevent suicide, to reduce the need for hospitalisation for psychiatric patients, to minimise depression-related disability or social disruption, and to simply reduce the distress associated with an episode of depression. However, a medication that induces a transient remission of depression is not, by itself, a treatment for depression. A critical question is whether a rapid-acting antidepressant can play a role within “real world” treatment planning. To this end, we need to know the answers to many questions including: 1) can ketamine be administered repeatedly or combined with another treatment to sustain improvement in depression; 2) does ketamine produce any adverse effects with regard to subsequent antidepressant response; 3) is there any risk of long-lasting psychoses after ketamine administration; 4) may ketamine be administered safely to bipolar depressed patients as well as unipolar depressed patients; 5) are there ways to predict who will respond favourably to ketamine?
Imaging artificial secondary caries under composite sealants and restorations (2004)

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) was used to monitor the progression of simulated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces and image the lesions underneath composite sealants. The polarization sensitive system, recording images in both the parallel and perpendicular axes, was useful for enhancing the image contrast of the artificial caries and minimizing the interference of the strong reflections at surface interfaces. Using the perpendicular axis signal, the mean integrated reflectivity increase from day 0 to day 14 was 5.1 dB (p<0.01, Repeated-Measures ANOVA, Tukey-Kramer). For imaging the lesions underneath sealants, the mean integrated reflectivity of the enamel underneath 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μm of composite was calculated for the demineralized and control samples. The artificial lesions could be detected under 750 μm of visibly opaque sealant, with a 5.0 dB difference from the control samples (t-test, p<0.001). Tooth colored sealants allowed deeper imaging depth. The artificial lesions could be detected under 1000 μm of sealant, with a 6.6 dB difference from the control samples (t-test, p<0.001). This study demonstrated that PS-OCT can be used to track lesion progression on occlusal surfaces non-destructively with or without sealants.
Development of Deep Water Multicolumn Buoy (2014)

A new conceptual design of a deepwater MONOBUOY, named DeepWater MultiColumn Buoy (DWMCB), patent PCT/BR2011/000133, was developed by PETROBRAS/CENPES. The DWMCB was designed to be part of an offloading system for a Spread Moored Floating Production Offloading Unit (FPSO). The offloading system principle consists of Oil being exported from the FPSO to a Shutle tanker passing through Offloading Oil Lines (OOLs) that are supported by the DWMCB. The system is designed to operate at a water depth of 2,200 meters, with expected in site life duration of 25 years. The geometry of DWMCB was defined after an optimization process in order to minimize its motions. This paper describes the development of this concept and discusses the results from some design verifications done with the help of a model tests campaign. An equivalent traditional shaped monobuoy was also tested for comparison purposes.
Biphenylsulfonamide Endothelin Receptor Antagonists. 4. Discovery of <i>N</i>-[[2‘-[[(4,5-Dimethyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]sulfonyl]-4-(2-oxazolyl)[1,1‘-biphenyl]- 2-yl]methyl]-<i>N</i>,3,3-trimethylbutanamide (BMS-207940), A Highly Potent and Orally Active ET<sub>A</sub> Selective Antagonist (2002)

We have previously disclosed the selective ET(A) receptor antagonist N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-4'-(2-oxazolyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide (1, BMS-193884) as a clinical development candidate. Additional SAR studies at the 2'-position of 1 led to the identification of several analogues with improved binding affinity as well as selectivity for the ET(A) receptor. Following the discovery that a 3-amino-isoxazole group displays significantly improved metabolic stability in comparison to its 5-regioisomer, the 3-amino-isoxazole group was combined with the optimal 2'-substituent leading to 16a (BMS-207940). Compound 16a is an extremely potent (ET(A) K(i) = 10 pM) and selective (80,000-fold for ET(A) vs ET(B)) antagonist. It is also 150-fold more potent and >6-fold more selective than 1. The bioavailability of 16a was 100% in rats and the systemic clearance and volume of distribution are higher than that of 1. In rats, intravenous 16a blocks big ET pressor responses with 30-fold greater potency than 1. After oral dosing at 3 micromol/kg, 16a displays enhanced duration relative to 1.
Synchronization of Electro-Optically Modulated Kerr Soliton Comb to a Chip-Scale Mode-Locked Laser PIC via Harmonic Injection Locking (2021)

We present an optical frequency division technique to transfer the timing stability of a stabilized Kerr Microresonator Soliton Frequency Comb (~305 GHz repetition rate) to a chip-scaled mode-locked laser (~10 GHz repetition rate).
A new monoclonal antibody recognizing anthracyclinic molecule. (1990)

The immunosuppressive effect of Doxorubicin (DXR) has been circumvented so that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reacting with DXR and other anthracycline derivatives have been obtained. The MAb described here (MAD11) belongs to the IgG2 class and selectively recognizes epitopes located at or near the aromatic ring D of the anthracycline molecule. MAD11 differs from another MAb (MAD2) obtained from the same somatic hybridization and previously described which preferentially reacts with aliphatic ring A of anthracycline.
Sources identification using shifted non-negative matrix factorization combined with semi-supervised clustering. (2016)

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a well-known unsupervised learning method that has been successfully used for blind source separation of non-negative additive signals.NMF method requires the number of the original sources to be known a priori. Recently, we reported a method, we called NMFk, which by coupling the original NMF multiplicative algorithm with a custom semi-supervised clustering allows us to estimate the number of the sources based on the robustness of the reconstructed solutions. Here, an extension of NMFk is developed, called ShiftNMFk, which by combining NMFk with previously formulated ShiftNMF algorithm, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and a custom procedure for estimating the source locations is capable of identifying: (a) the number of the unknown sources, (b) the eventual delays in the signal propagation, (c) the locations of the sources, and (d) the speed of propagation of each of the signals in the medium. Our new method is a natural extension of NMFk that can be used for sources identification based only on observational data. We demonstrate how our novel method identifies the components of synthetic data sets, discuss its limitations, and present a Julia language implementation of ShiftNMFk algorithm.
Tubular Morphology of Mesoporous Silica MCM‐41 (2000)

Abstract We investigated detailed conditions for synthesizing the tubular form of MCM‐41 mesoporous aluminosilicate. The method is the delayed neutralization method in which the rate of neutralization is one of the controlling factors. Rapid neutralization results in the particulate form while gradual neutralization leads to tubules. It is found that the tubule morphology has several sub‐categories. There are thick‐walled, think‐walled hollow tubular MCM‐41 and solid core tubules. There are void structures in the channel framework that makes the nanochannels to be effectively interconnected.
Synthesis of Dual-Rail Adiabatic Logic for Low Power Security Applications (2014)

Programmable reversible logic is emerging as a prospective logic design style for implementation in low power, low frequency applications where minimal impact on circuit heat generation is desirable, such as mitigation of differential power analysis attacks. Adiabatic logic is an implementation of reversible logic in CMOS where the current flow through the circuit is controlled such that the energy dissipation due to switching and capacitor dissipation is minimized. Recent advances in dual-rail adiabatic logic show reduction in average and differential power, making this design methodology advantageous in applications where security is the primary design metric and operating frequency is slower, such as Smart Cards. In this paper, we present an algorithm for synthesis of adiabatic circuits in CMOS. Then, using the ESPRESSO heuristic for minimization of Boolean functions method on each output node, we reduce the size of the synthesized circuit. Our approach correlates the horizontal offsets in the permutation matrix with the necessary switches required for synthesis instead of using a library of equivalent functions. The synthesis results show that, on average, the proposed algorithm represents an improvement of 36% over the best known reversible designs with the optimized dual-rail cell libraries. Then, we present an adiabatic S-box which significantly reduces energy imbalance compared to previous benchmarks. The design is capable of forward encryption and reverse decryption with minimal overhead, allowing for efficient hardware reuse.
Analogue CMOS high-frequency continuouswavelet transform circuit (1999)

A 16-channel analogue CMOS high-frequency continuous wavelet transform circuit has been realised. The circuit performs a time-frequency decomposition of a high-frequency input signal. A 100 MHz operating frequency, 45 MHz bandwidth, and 40 mW/channel power dissipation have been achieved using a 0.5 µm CMOS process.
Fabrication of a novel micron scale Y‐structure‐based chiral metamaterial: Simulation and experimental analysis of its chiral and negative index properties in the terahertz and microwave regimes (2007)

In this report, we describe the fabrication of a chiral metamaterial based on a periodic array of Y-shaped Al structures on a dielectric Mylar substrate. The unit cell dimensions of the Y-structure are approximately 100 microm on a side with 8 microm linewidths. The fabricated Y-structure elements are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Quantitative elemental analyses were carried out on both the Y-structure, comprised of Al and its oxide, as well as adjacent regions of the underlying mylar substrate using the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) capability of the SEM. Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) calculations of the negative index of refraction for a 3D wedge of multiple layers of the 2D metamaterials showed that these metamaterials possess double negative (-mu,-epsilon) electromagnetic bulk properties at THz frequencies. The same negative index of refraction was determined for a wedge comprised of appropriately scaled larger Y-structures simulated in the microwave region. This double negative property was confirmed experimentally by microwave measurements on a 3D wedge comprised of stacked and registered Y-structure sheets.
Autologous Germline Mitochondrial Energy Transfer (AUGMENT) in Human Assisted Reproduction (2015)

Ovarian aging is characterized by a decline in both the total number and overall quality of oocytes, the latter of which has been experimentally tied to mitochondrial dysfunction. Clinical studies in the late 1990s demonstrated that transfer of cytoplasm aspirated from eggs of young female donors into eggs of infertile women at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection improved pregnancy success rates. However, donor mitochondria were identified in offspring, and the United States Food and Drug Administration raised questions about delivery of foreign genetic material into human eggs at the time of fertilization. Accordingly, heterologous cytoplasmic transfer, while promising, was in effect shut down as a clinical protocol. The recent discovery of adult oogonial (oocyte-generating) stem cells in mice, and subsequently in women, has since re-opened the prospects of delivering a rich source of pristine and patient-matched germline mitochondria to boost egg health and embryonic developmental potential without the need for young donor eggs to obtain cytoplasm. Herein we overview the science behind this new protocol, which has been patented and termed autologous germline mitochondrial energy transfer, and its use to date in clinical studies for improving pregnancy success in women with a prior history of assisted reproduction failure.
Vacuum Characteristics of Titanium Materials and Applications to UHV Systems (2007)

This paper reviewed the vacuum characteristic of titanium materials and applications to an UHV system of the current research and development. It has been found that the outgassing rate of the titanium material is very low compared with an existing material such as a stainless steel or an aluminum alloy, and the UHV system made of the titanium material has very high vacuum performance, e.g., very quick pumping and the achievement of UHV/XHV pressure under the simple pre-baking condition.
Characteristics of a MM-wave tapered slot antenna with corrugated edges (2002)

We discuss how the radiation pattern of a reduced ground plane tapered slot antenna (TSA) is improved by varying the dimensions of a corrugated structure present at the edge of the TSA substrate. Experimental results are given that indicate that E-plane radiation patterns can be adjusted by varying the corrugation structure geometry. We also present calculated analyses of the corrugation structure using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
Combining optical quadrature and differential interference contrast to facilitate embryonic cell counting with fluorescence imaging for confirmation (2005)

The Multifunctional Staring Mode Microscope was developed to permit three modes of imaging for cell counting in mouse embryos: Optical Quadrature, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), and Fluorescence Imaging. The Optical Quadrature Microscope, consisting of a modified Mach-Zender Interferometer, uses a 632.8 nm laser to measure the amplitude and phase of the signal beam that travels through the embryo. Four cameras, preceded by multiple beamsplitters, are used to read the four interferograms, which are then combined to produce an image of the complex electric field amplitude. The phase of the complex amplitude is then unwrapped using a 2-D phase unwrap algorithm and images of optical path length are produced. To combine the additional modes of DIC and Fluorescence Imaging with the Optical Quadrature Microscope, a 632.8 nm narrow bandpass beamsplitter was placed at the output of the microscope. This allows the laser light to continue through the Mach-Zender while all other wavelengths are reflected at 90 degrees to another camera. This was effective in combining the three modes as the fluorescence wavelength for the Hoechst stain is well below the bandpass window of the beamsplitter. Both live and fixed samples have been successfully imaged in all three modes. Accuracy in cell counting was achieved by using the DIC image for detecting cell boundaries and the Optical Quadrature image for phase mapping to determine where cells overlap. The final results were verified by Hoechst fluorescence imaging to count the individual nuclei. Algorithms are currently being refined so larger cell counts can be done more efficiently.
Formant-Based Audio Synthesis Using Nonlinear Distortion (1995)

An audio synthesis technique (&quot;Phase Aligned Formant synthesis&quot;) is presented which is aimed at real-time musical applications. A desired sound is specified in terms of one or several time-varying formants, each with specified center frequencies, bandwidths, and amplitudes. The sound produced may be periodic or noisy. The relative merits of other known real-time techniques for synthesizing sounds with desired formants are also discussed. As an example, a spoken word is analyzed and resynthesized. 1 Introduction Designing an instrumental voice for a synthesizer often involves planning how the various partials of the sound will vary in frequency and amplitude over the life of a note. In many natural sounds the timbre is best described in terms of the spectral envelope, which gives a pitch-independent specification of the evolution of a sound&apos;s spectrum in time. This is especially true of the spoken or sung voice, whose spectral evolution determines (among other things) the phoneme or p...
A GNSS structural interference mitigation technique using antenna array processing (2014)

Position solutions provided by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) can be completely misled by structural interference or spoofing threats. An approach utilizing an antenna array is proposed in order to suppress spoofing attacks. The proposed method is based on the assumption that all spoofing signals are transmitted from a single point source. A spatial domain processing technique is proposed to extract the spoofing signal steering vector and consequently to discard the spoofing signals. This method is implemented before despreading and acquisition stage of a GNSS receiver. Hence, it does not impose a heavy computational load on the receiver operational process since it does not require any extensive search in the code and Doppler domains to separately despread individual authentic and spoofing signals. Moreover, the proposed method does not require any antenna array calibration process. This pre-despreading interference mitigation technique is further extended to maximize signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each individual authentic GNSS signal. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively countermeasures spoofing attacks for a wide range of received spoofing power.
Quantum computing using single photons and the Zeno effect (2004)

We show that the quantum Zeno effect can be used to suppress the failure events that would otherwise occur in a linear optics approach to quantum computing. From a practical viewpoint, that would allow the implementation of deterministic logic gates without the need for ancilla photons or high-efficiency detectors. We also show that the photons can behave as if they were fermions instead of bosons in the presence of a strong Zeno effect, which leads to an alternative paradigm for quantum computation.