gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
De-noising of distance maps sensed by time-of-flight devices in poor sensing environment (2013)

We propose a non-local de-noising approach aimed at filtering range data sensed by Photonic Mixer Device sensors. We address specifically the case of poor sensing environment when the reflected signal amplitude is low. In our approach, signal components of phase-delay and amplitude of the sensed signal are regarded as components of a complex-valued variable and processed together in a single step. This imposes better filter adaptivity and similarity weighting. The complex-domain filtering provides additional feedback in the form of improved noise-level confidence, which can be utilized in iterative de-noising schemes. Pre-filtering of individual components is proposed to suppress structural artifacts. Our approach compares favorably with state of the art approaches.
Aluminum Exposure in Neonatal Patients Using the Least Contaminated Parenteral Nutrition Solution Products (2012)

Aluminum (Al) is a contaminant in all parenteral nutrition (PN) solution component products. Manufacturers currently label these products with the maximum Al content at the time of expiry. We recently published data to establish the actual measured concentration of Al in PN solution products prior to being compounded in the clinical setting [1]. The investigation assessed quantitative Al content of all available products used in the formulation of PN solutions. The objective of this study was to assess the Al exposure in neonatal patients using the least contaminated PN solutions and determine if it is possible to meet the FDA “safe limit” of less than 5 μg/kg/day of Al. The measured concentrations from our previous study were analyzed and the least contaminated products were identified. These concentrations were entered into our PN software and the least possible Al exposure was determined. A significant decrease (41%–44%) in the Al exposure in neonatal patients can be achieved using the least contaminated products, but the FDA “safe limit” of less than 5 μg/kg/day of Al was not met. However, minimizing the Al exposure may decrease the likelihood of developing Al toxicity from PN.
Ferric salt-catalyzed oxygenation of cycloalkanones to oxo esters by molecular oxygen (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerric salt-catalyzed oxygenation of cycloalkanones to oxo esters by molecular oxygenSatoru Ito and Masakatsu MatsumotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 7, 1133–1135Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00155a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00155a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views463Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of copolymer sequences by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. 2. Identification of oligomers contained in alternating and random copolyesters with photolabile units in the main chain (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of copolymer sequences by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. 2. Identification of oligomers contained in alternating and random copolyesters with photolabile units in the main chainG. Montaudo, E. Scamporrino, and D. VitaliniCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2, 627–632Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00192a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00192a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Birefringence issues with uniaxial crystals as last lens elements for high-index immersion lithography (2009)

We discuss the birefringence issues associated with use of crystalline sapphire, with uniaxial crystal structure, as a last lens element for high-index 193 nm immersion lithography. Sapphire is a credible high-index lens material candidate because with appropriate orientation and TE polarization the ordinary ray exhibits the required isotropic optical properties. Also, its material properties may give it higher potential to meet the stringent optical requirements compared to the potential of the principal candidate materials, cubic-symmetry LuAG and ceramic spinel. The TE polarization restriction is required anyway for hyper-NA imaging, due to TM-polarization contrast degradation effects. Further, the high uniaxial-structure birefringence of sapphire may offer the advantage that any residual TM polarization results in a relatively-uniform flare instead of contrast degradation. One issue with this concept is that spatial-dispersion-induced effects should cause some index anisotropy of the ordinary rays, in a way similar to the intrinsic birefringence (IBR) effects in cubic crystals, except that there is no ray splitting. We present the theory of this effect for the trigonal crystal structure of sapphire and discuss its implications for lithography optics. For this material the spatial-dispersion-induced effects are characterized by eight material parameters, of which three contribute to index anisotropy of the ordinary rays. Only one gives rise to azimuthal distortions, and may present challenges for correction. To assess the consequences of using sapphire as a last element, neglecting any IBR effects, we use lithography simulations to characterize the lithographic performance for a 1.7 NA design, and compare to that for LuAG.
AUTOMATIC IMAGE COMPLETION WITH STRUCTURE PROPAGATION AND TEXTURE SYNTHESIS (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel automatic image completion solution in a greedy manner inspired by a primal sketch representation model. Firstly, an image is divided into structure (sketchable) components and texture (non-sketchable) components, and the missing structures, such as curves and corners, are predicted by tensor voting. Secondly, the textures along structural sketches are synthesized with the sampled patches of some known structure components. Then, using the texture completion priorities decided by the confidence term, data term and distance term, the similar image patches of some known texture components are found by selecting a point with the maximum priority on the boundary of hole region. Finally, these image patches inpaint the missing textures of hole region seamlessly through graph cuts. The characteristics of this solution include: (1) introducing the primal sketch representation model to guide completion for visual consistency; (2) achieving fully automatic completion. The experiments on natural images illustrate satisfying image completion results.
Action of a thymic cytokine TsIF in reversing the autoimmune disease state of the MRL/1pr mouse. (1989)

T suppressor cells differentiate from bone marrow precursors when cocultured with thymic epithelium, a thymic-derived cytokine TsIF, or mixture of both. (TsIF is a trademark of Ventrex Laboratories, Inc., Portland, ME, and is the subject of a U.S. patent by Ventrex Laboratories, Inc., Portland, ME.) These cells, when transplanted into the lupus-rheumatoid arthritis-prone mouse, prevent acquisition of disease as assessed by lack of both antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and survival beyond mean time for MRL/lpr mice. When TsIF is administered directly into these lupus-rheumatoid arthritis-prone mice, an equivalent sparing effect is manifested.
Recognition of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) by Autoantibodies from Different GAD Antibody-Positive Phenotypes (2000)

Autoantibodies against the smaller isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are markers for Type 1 diabetes. GAD65 autoantibody (GAD65Ab)-positive individuals in the general population are, however, mostly at low risk of developing Type 1 diabetes, suggesting that GAD65Ab phenotypes may be associated with different underlying pathogenic processes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 243; group I), GAD65Ab-positive healthy individuals (n = 28; group II), and healthy first-degree relatives of Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 41; group III) have antibody phenotypes that recognize different GAD65 epitopes. Sera from groups I-III were tested for their binding to GAD65 and GAD67, as well as six different GAD65/67 fusion proteins. Regardless of group, sera reactive to both GAD65 and GAD67 showed broader epitope reactivity than GAD65-specific sera. Furthermore, Type 1 diabetes patients showed a more restricted epitope binding than healthy individuals and first-degree relatives, demonstrating significantly less binding to the N-terminal part of GAD65 and to GAD67. Our analysis demonstrates that the N-terminal part is essential for full antibody binding to GAD65, in particular, to the middle epitope. It is suggested that Type 1 diabetes is associated with restricted GAD65Ab epitope specificity.
The Institutional Ethics Committee at Baylor: Our 10-Year Experience (1996)

The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed, the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler of a few years back. I am sure that the power of vested interests is vastly exaggerated compared with the gradual encroachment of ideas … soon or late, it is ideas, not vested interests, which are dangerous for good or evil.
High-Platinum-Content Catalysts on Atomically Dispersed and Nitrogen Coordinated Single Manganese Site Carbons for Heavy-Duty Fuel Cells (2022)

Fuel cells for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) have attracted considerable attention because of their unique scalability, better fuel economy, the less demand for hydrogen refilling infrastructure. However, the potential application requires more stringent fuel cell durability up to 25,000 h. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) made from platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst with relatively high loading 0.3 mg Pt cm −2 play a crucial role in ensuring high-power and long-term durability. Integrating fine PGM nanoparticles and robust carbon support with strengthened interactions is critical for improving MEA performance and durability. Herein, a unique atomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated single Mn site-rich carbon (M–N–C) support was developed for high content (40 wt%) platinum catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathode with reduced thickness. Compared with two controls studied in this work (e.g., a porous graphitic carbon-supported Pt and a commercial TKK Pt/C catalysts), the Pt (40 wt%)/Mn–N–C catalyst exhibited much enhanced catalytic activity and stability for the ORR in both aqueous acidic electrolyte and polymer electrolyte-based MEA. We carefully elucidated the—role of the Mn–N–C support in promoting Pt catalyst concerning its high surface area, partially graphitic structure, and nitrogen dopants, providing better Pt nanoparticle dispersion, and strengthened interactions between Pt and carbon. Consequently, the MEA from the Pt (40 wt%)/Mn–N–C catalyst generated a 1.61 A cm −2 at 0.7 V based on HDV conditions (0.2 mg Pt cm −2 and 250 kPa air). More importantly, the MEA is highly durable and can retain 1.31 A cm −2 at 0.7 V after 30,000 voltage cycles (∼19% loss), surpassing the commercial Pt/C catalyst (loss of ∼56%). Therefore, the Mn–N–C carbon-supported Pt catalyst holds a great promise to meet the challenging DOE target (1.07 A cm −2 at 0.7 V after 150,000 cycles) for HDVs.
Inhibition Mechanism of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth by Cooperation Influence of Colloidal Selenium Nanoparticles and Bovine Serum Albumin (2015)

This study investigated the effect of colloidal selenium nanoparticles modified with bovine serum albumin (nanoSe0–BSA) on the crystal phase and morphology of CaC2O4 and explained the cooperative inhibition mechanism of nanoSe0 and BSA on the crystallization of CaC2O4. The results were compared with those for nanoSe0 and BSA individually. NanoSe0 could induce the formation of oval or spherical calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals at high concentrations. BSA could induce the formation of hexagonal plate-shaped COM crystals at low concentrations and the formation of thin diamond-shaped COM crystals and mixed hydrates with cracks at high concentrations. NanoSe0–BSA showed additive effects on CaC2O4 crystal growth. NanoSe0–BSA could induce the formation of mixed hydrates with more surface cracks and obvious voids at relatively low BSA concentrations. These mixed hydrates were considered to be calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) or calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals containing BSA or nanoSe0–BSA. These results were a consequence of the interaction of nanoSe0 with BSA. UV–vis, circular dichroism, and FT-IR spectra indicated that the binding of nanoSe0 to BSA induces a change in the secondary structure of BSA and forms the complex. The nanoSe0–BSA binding constant (2.257 × 104 L mol–1) and number of binding sites (1.13) were calculated from the data of fluorescence spectra.
Event-Based Data Collection for Generating Actuated Controller Performance Measures (2007)

Cycle-by-cycle data have been shown to be effective in the analysis of a signalized intersection with measures of effectiveness such as volume-to-capacity ratios, arrival type, and average vehicular delay. Currently, actuated traffic controllers are unable to store vehicle counts and vehicle occupancy in cycle-by-cycle bins, requiring extra equipment and personnel to collect data in these bins. The objective of this research was to develop an integrated general purpose data collection module that time-stamps detector and phase state changes within a National Electrical Manufacturers Association actuated traffic signal controller and uses those data to provide quantitative graphs to assess arterial progression, phase capacity utilization, movement delay, and served volumes on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Given that the United States recently received a grade of 61 of 100 on the National Traffic Signal Report Card, it is particularly important that procedures such as these be used to provide performance measures over extended periods so agencies have cost-effective mechanisms for assessing and priority-ranking signal timing efforts.
Microsoft PPP CHAP Extensions (1998)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a standard method for
transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. PPP
defines an extensible Link Control Protocol and a family of Network
Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing and configuring different
network-layer protocols. This memo provides information for the
Internet community.
LC–MS bioanalysis of Trastuzumab and released emtansine using nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis and liquid–liquid partition in plasma of Trastuzumab emtansine-treated breast cancer patients (2017)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) consist of monoclonal antibody and cytotoxic drugs covalently attached via stable crosslinkers, and are prospective antibody drugs for cancer therapy. To cover the overall pharmacokinetic understanding of ADCs, both the antibody and the released drugs are necessary for practical clinical observation. The nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis is a universal approach for antibody bioanalysis that enable Fab-selective proteolysis, which maintains antibody sequence specificity while decreasing excess analyte peptides. In this study, we describe quantitative assays for ADC in human plasma using nSMOL for the antibody and polarity-selective liquid-liquid partition with a methanol/ethyl acetate mixed solvent for the cytotoxic drugs. This approach led to the successful development of LC-MS validated bioanalysis of the antibody and released drugs within 20% for lower limit of quantitation and 15% for another concentration setting of Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), Trastuzumab antibody and emtansine conjugated with crosslinker (DM1-MCC). The validated concentration ranges in human plasma were 0.06-250μg/mL for T-DM1 and 0.39-200ng/mL for DM1-MCC. These results indicate that LC-MS method with a two-sided approach, using nSMOL and liquid-liquid partition, show potential for the precise pharmacokinetic study for ADC development and treatment.
Contact neodymium: YAG laser surgery in gastroenterology: A preliminary report (1986)

Fifty-four patients have been successfully endoscopically treated without complications using contact neodymium:YAG laser probes (endoprobes) for tumors and bleeding and, during open surgery (laser scalpel), for liver and pancreatic resections. The contact probes made from a synthetic sapphire crystal with its optical properties, geometric design, and thermal conductivity have proven to be more effective than the current conventional noncontact method of delivering laser energy through a quartz fiber. Advantages include greater precision, sterilizability, avoidance of the tip melting, and a requirement for lower neodymium:YAG laser energy with reduced tissue damage. The configuration of the probes allows coagulation, cutting, or vaporization, depending on the clinical condition being treated.
Providing qos guarantees in input-buffered crossbar switches with speedup (1998)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
DISCOVER (2018)

Widespread adoption of networking technologies has brought about tremendous economic and social growth, but also exposed individuals and organization to new threats from malicious cyber actors. Recent attacks by WannaCry and NotPetya ransomware crypto-worms, infected hundreds of thousands of computer systems world wide, compromising data and critical infrastructure. In order to limit their impact, it is, therefore, critical to detect---and even predict---cyber attacks before they spread. Here, we introduce DISCOVER, an early cyber threat warning system, that mines online chatter from cyber actors on social media, security blogs, and darkweb forums, to identify words that signal potential cyber attacks. We evaluate DISCOVER and find that it can identify terms related to emerging cyber threats with precision above $80%$. DISCOVER also generates a time line of related online discussions on different Web sources that can be useful for analyzing emerging cyber threats.
Identification and detoxification of glycolaldehyde, an unattended bioethanol fermentation inhibitor (2016)

Although there have been approximately 60 chemical compounds identified as potent fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysate, our research group recently discovered glycolaldehyde as a key fermentation inhibitor during second generation biofuel production. Accordingly, we have developed a yeast S. cerevisiae strain exhibiting tolerance to glycolaldehyde. During this glycolaldehyde study, we established novel approaches for rational engineering of inhibitor-tolerant S. cerevisiae strains, including engineering redox cofactors and engineering the SUMOylation pathway. These new technical dimensions provide a novel platform for engineering S. cerevisiae strains to overcome one of the key barriers for industrialization of lignocellulosic ethanol production. As such, this review discusses novel biochemical insight of glycolaldehyde in the context of the biofuel industry.
Lipid flopping in the liver (2015)

Bile is synthesized in the liver and is essential for the emulsification of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. It is a complex mixture of amphiphilic bile acids (BAs; which act as detergent molecules), the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol and a variety of endogenous metabolites and waste products. Over the last 20 years, the combined effort of clinicians, geneticists, physiologists and biochemists has shown that each of these bile components is transported across the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte by its own specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. The bile salt export pump (BSEP) ABCB11 transports the BAs and drives bile flow from the liver, but it is now clear that two lipid transporters, ABCB4 (which flops PC into the bile) and the P-type ATPase ATP8B1/CDC50 (which flips a different phospholipid in the opposite direction) play equally critical roles that protect the biliary tree from the detergent activity of the bile acids. Understanding the interdependency of these lipid floppases and flippases has allowed the development of an assay to measure ABCB4 function. ABCB4 harbours numerous mis-sense mutations which probably reflects the spectrum of liver disease rooted in ABCB4 aetiology. Characterization of the effect of these mutations at the protein level opens the possibility for the development of personalized prognosis and treatment.