gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annular Slot Biomedical Antenna for Combined Microwave Heating and Infrared Thermography of the Tissue (2019)

A previously introduced annular slot antenna (ASA), utilized for combined microwave heating and radiometry for blood perfusion measurement of tissues, is modified to replace microwave radiometry with infrared thermography. Infrared (IR) thermography is a more convenient and cost effective alternative to microwave radiometry for skin/superficial and small animal (such as mice and rat) applications. An area with removed metallization is introduced around the central axis of the circular shape ASA, used for heating at 2.4 GHz. The S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> resonance frequency and/or depth change with the size of this area. Moreover, a hole at the middle of this area, made across the antenna, from top to bottom, allows the infrared beam to reach the skin. Simulations and measurement show that the presence of this hole has minimal impact on the performance of the ASA in terms of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> and specific absorption rate (SAR) profile. In addition, the preliminary result of an IR camera captured images for a heating episode (2 W, at 2.45 GHz), conducted on a tissue phantom, is reported. Temperature rise of 5.7°C after 1 minute is observed at the center of the hole.
A Web-based approach to interactive visualization in context (2000)

This paper proposes a framework for easily integrating and controlling information visualization (infoVis) components within web pages to create powerful interactive “live” documents, or LiveDocs. The framework includes a set of infoVis components which can be placed and linked within a standard HTML document, initialized to focus on key analysis results, and directly manipulated by readers to explore and analyze data further. In addition, authors can script the manipulation of views at the user interaction level (e.g., to set view options, select items within a view, or animate a view). We illustrate our approach with a sample analysis of a real-life data set.
Suppression of nonlinear effects by phase alternation in strongly dispersion-managed optical transmission (2002)

The nonlinear effects amplitude jitter and ghost pulse generation can be suppressed by alternating the phase of the bits. This is due to destructive interference between different contributions to the total nonlinear effect.
LOR-PET: a novel PET camera constructed with a monolithic scintillator ring (2017)

Conventional PET cameras are constructed with detectors which consist of arrays of discrete scintillators and photosesnsors. Arrays of very fine discrete crystals have been used in high-resolution small animal imaging. However, it is very challenging to machine and assemble discrete crystals with a size smaller than 1 mm. Thus, the arrays of fine crystals are usually very expensive. And the quality of these arrays, which is heavily depended on the vendor's skills, does not always meet the requirements. Reflectors with a thickness of 0.1 mm ~ 0.2mm are necessary to separate the individual crystals in an array. The smaller the size of the discrete crystals, the smaller the filling factor of the crystals in the array, and the smaller the sensitivity of the system. In this paper, we present a novel PET system constructed with a monolithic scintillator ring. This PET system is very different from any PET systems which have been constructed so far. It is constructed from a single piece of monolithic crystal. And the lines of response (LOR) are calculated directly from the light distribution around the crystal ring, instead of being calculated from the measurement of the positions of interaction (POI) of the two gammas. Thus, we name it LOR-PET. We have designed and constructed the first LOR-PET with a monolithic LYSO scintillator ring. The inner and outer diameters of the ring are 48.5 mm and 58.5 mm respectively. The length and thickness of the ring are 25.12mm and 5 mm respectively. Twenty-three 4x1 SiPM arrays are fabricated and mounted inside of the monolithic LYSO crystal ring. A low-cost highperformance electronics system (named Pico-PET electronics) was built to read out the 92 channels of SiPM in parallel. The results of initial tests shows that the electronics system works very well. We conclude that the LOR-PET system is a unique low-cost PET system that has the potential to achieve good sensitivity and spatial resolution in small animal or organ specific imaging. We are performing system characterization and phantom study to further assess the performance of the LORPET system.
Broken Symmetry Dielectric Resonators for High Quality Factor Fano\nMetasurfaces (2016)

We present a new approach to dielectric\nmetasurface design that\nrelies on a single resonator per unit cell and produces robust, high\nquality factor Fano resonances. Our approach utilizes symmetry breaking\nof highly symmetric resonator geometries, such as cubes, to induce\ncouplings between the otherwise orthogonal resonator modes. In particular,\nwe design perturbations that couple “bright” dipole\nmodes to “dark” dipole modes whose radiative decay is\nsuppressed by local field effects in the array. Our approach is widely\nscalable from the near-infrared to radio frequencies. We first unravel\nthe Fano resonance behavior through numerical simulations of a germanium\nresonator-based metasurface that achieves a quality factor of ∼1300\nat ∼10.8 μm. Then, we present two experimental demonstrations\noperating in the near-infrared (∼1 μm): a silicon-based\nimplementation that achieves a quality factor of ∼350; and\na gallium arsenide-based structure that achieves a quality factor\nof ∼600, the highest near-infrared quality factor experimentally\ndemonstrated to date with this kind of metasurface. Importantly, large\nelectromagnetic field enhancements appear within the resonators at\nthe Fano resonant frequencies. We envision that combining high quality\nfactor, high field enhancement resonances with nonlinear and active/gain\nmaterials such as gallium arsenide will lead to new classes of active\noptical devices.
Inverse Path Tracing for Joint Material and Lighting Estimation (2019)

Modern computer vision algorithms have brought significant advancement to 3D geometry reconstruction. However, illumination and material reconstruction remain less studied, with current approaches assuming very simplified models for materials and illumination. We introduce Inverse Path Tracing, a novel approach to jointly estimate the material properties of objects and light sources in indoor scenes by using an invertible light transport simulation. We assume a coarse geometry scan, along with corresponding images and camera poses. The key contribution of this work is an accurate and simultaneous retrieval of light sources and physically based material properties (e.g., diffuse reflectance, specular reflectance, roughness, etc.) for the purpose of editing and re-rendering the scene under new conditions. To this end, we introduce a novel optimization method using a differentiable Monte Carlo renderer that computes derivatives with respect to the estimated unknown illumination and material properties. This enables joint optimization for physically correct light transport and material models using a tailored stochastic gradient descent.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms for Engineering Shape Design (2006)

AbstractEvolutionary optimization algorithms work with a population of solutions, instead of a single solution. Since multi-objective optimization problems give rise to a set of Pareto-optimal solutions, evolutionary optimization algorithms are ideal for handling multi-objective optimization problems. Many years of research and application studies have produced a number of efficient multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), which are ready to be applied to real-world problems. In this paper, we propose a practical approach, which will enable an user to find a set of non-dominated solutions closer to the true Pareto-optimal front and simultaneously reduce the size of the obtained non-dominated solution set. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated in solving a number of mechanical shape optimization problems, including a simply-supported plate design, a cantilever plate design, a hoister design, and a bicycle frame design. The results are interesting and suggest immediate application of the prop osed technique to more complex engineering design problems.KeywordsGenetic algorithmsmulti-objective optimizationshape optimizationPareto-optimummechanical component design
Osteoclast-Primed Foxp3+ CD8 T Cells Induce T-bet, Eomesodermin, and IFN-γ To Regulate Bone Resorption (2016)

Osteoimmunology arose from the recognition that cytokines produced by lymphocytes can affect bone homeostasis. We have previously shown that osteoclasts, cells that resorb bone, act as APCs. Cross-presentation of Ags by osteoclasts leads to expression of CD25 and Foxp3, markers of regulatory T cells in the CD8 T cells. Octeoclast-induced Foxp3(+) CD25(+) regulatory CD8 T cells (OC-iTcREG) suppress priming of CD4 and CD8 T cells by dendritic cells. OC-iTcREG also limit bone resorption by osteoclasts, forming a negative feedback loop. In this study, we show that OC-iTcREG express concurrently T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes) and IFN-γ. Pharmacological inhibition of IκK blocked IFN-γ, T-bet, and Eomes production by TcREG Furthermore, we show, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, NF-κB enrichment in the T-bet and Eomes promoters. We demonstrate that IFN-γ produced by TcREG is required for suppression of osteoclastogenesis and for degradation of TNFR-associated factor 6 in osteoclast precursors. The latter prevents signaling by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand needed for osteoclastogenesis. Knockout of IFN-γ rendered TcREG inefficient in preventing actin ring formation in osteoclasts, a process required for bone resorption. TcREG generated in vivo using IFN-γ(-/-) T cells had impaired ability to protect mice from bone resorption and bone loss in response to high-dose receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. The results of this study demonstrate a novel link between NF-κB signaling and induction of IFN-γ in TcREG and establish an important role for IFN-γ in TcREG-mediated protection from bone loss.
Diastereomeric Process Control in the Synthesis of 2′-<i>O</i>-(2-Methoxyethyl) Oligoribonucleotide Phosphorothioates as Antisense Drugs (2003)

Coupling of 2'-O-methoxyethylsubstituted nucleoside phosphoramidites to 5'-hydroxyl group of a nucleoside or nucleotide on solid support is under stereochemical process control and is independent of scale, concentration, synthesizer, ratio of amidite diastereomers, solid support etc. However, activators and phosphate protecting groups do play a role in influencing the ratio of phosphorothioate diesters obtained by sulfurization of phosphite triesters.
Improvement in Kinect based measurements using anthropometric constraints for rehabilitation (2017)

The increasing importance of Kinect as a tool for clinical assessment and rehabilitation is due to its affordability, portability and being a markerless system for human motion capture. However, it is inefficient in terms of accuracy in measuring 3-D body joint locations when compared to marker-based motion capture systems. The measured length of the physically connected joints (bone length) vary with time, along with joint fluctuations during static pose. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to filter the noise of the Kinect 3-D joint coordinates while minimizing the variation in bone length. Kalman is used to filter the data and track the motion, while differential evolutionary (DE) optimization is used to minimize the fluctuations in bone length. A feedback loop is introduced between the Kalman and DE for exchanging the parameters. The algorithm is tested on the data obtained from 26 healthy subjects performing Range of Motion, Single Limb Stance (SLS) exercises and 10 stroke survivors performing SLS. Experimental results show average 41% and 40% improvement in deviation of bone length, which are under motion, for the healthy subjects and stroke patients respectively, outperforming Kalman filter and other existing algorithms like low pass filter, exponential, double exponential filter.
Multifunctional Nanomechanical Systems via Tunably Coupled Piezoelectric Actuation (2007)

Efficient actuation is crucial to obtaining optimal performance from nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). We employed epitaxial piezoelectric semiconductors to obtain efficient and fully integrated NEMS actuation, which is based on exploitation of the interaction between piezoelectric strain and built-in charge depletion. The underlying actuation mechanism in these depletion-mediated NEMS becomes important only for devices with dimensions approaching semiconductor depletion lengths. The induced actuation forces are controlled electrically, and resonant excitation approaching single-electron efficiency is demonstrated. The fundamental electromechanical coupling itself can be programmed by heterostructure band engineering, externally controllable charge depletion, and crystallographic orientation. These attributes are combined to realize a prototype, mechanically based, exclusive-or logic element.
Enhancing effect of glycine and tryptophan mixture on estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy participants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study (2021)

Background: The mixture of glycine and tryptophan exhibited serum uric acid-lowering effects in our previous clinical trial.Objective: Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel study design, this current study aimed to examine whether this mixture enhanced the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an indicator of renal function in healthy individuals.Methods: Healthy Japanese adult males and females ingested a powder mixture containing 3.0 g of glycine and 0.2 g of tryptophan or a placebo powder once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks.Results: After 8 weeks of continual ingestion, the combined glycine and tryptophan supplementation significantly enhanced eGFR. It also decreased serum uric acid levels, consistent with our previous reports. Meanwhile, the continual ingestion of the mixture had no influence on serum total or essential amino acids.Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the combined oral administration of glycine and tryptophan significantly elevated the eGFR of healthy participants. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic or preventive effect of combined glycine and tryptophan supplementation. Nevertheless, the uric acid-lowering effect of glycine and tryptophan mixture has the potential to directly influence renal function.Keywords: glycine, tryptophan, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid
Generation Of Tunable Laser Sidebands In The Far-Infrared Region (1986)

Continuously tunable laser sidebands in the submillimeter and far infrared (FIR) have been generated by mixing radiation from an optically pumped FIR molecular laser with that from millimeter-wave klystrons in a Schottky-barrier diode. An enhancement in conversion efficiency over similar systems reported previously is obtained by using a Michelson interferometer to separate the sidebands from the carrier and by placing the Schottky diode in an open structure corner cube mount. With 4 mW of laser power at 693 and 762 GHz the side-band power was measured to be 101N. This is at least an order of magnitude better than the previously reported results. At higher frequencies, 22 mW of 1627 GHz laser power produced about 7.5 μW of sideband output while 3 mW of 1839 GHz laser power generated about 200 nW of sideband radiation. The lower efficiency at the higher frequencies is due primarily to the mismatch between the laser radiation and the fixed-length diode antenna. Spectral lines have been observed up to 3200 GHz. The molecular absorbtion signals are easily seen using either video or lock-in detection techniques.
A Novel Baud-Rate Timing Error Detector Design for Baseband Transmission System Using Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder (2008)

Extraction of correct timing error information is very important for high-speed digital transmission systems. In this letter, a novel effective-data-sequence-based timing error detector (EDS-TED) is presented for a baseband transmission system using nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP), such as 10GBASE-T. The key idea of our TED is to minimize the mean square error between the received and desired EDS, rather than between the transmitted data signals. This formulation can exploit the autocorrelation between the EDS signals and extract the timing information embedded in the received signal. Moreover, the proposed architecture can lead to a simple and feasible circuit implementation. Simulation results show that a timing loop based on the proposed EDS-TED achieves a superior performance over traditional TED in terms of the peak-to-peak jitter and the TED gain.
Automatic validation of terminology translation consistenscy with statistical method. (2007)

This paper presents a novel method to automatically validate terminology consistency in localized materials. The goal of the paper is two-fold. First, we explore a way to extract phrase pair translations for compound nouns from a bilingual corpus using word alignment data. To validate the quality of the extracted phrase pair translations, we use a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) classifier. Second, we quantify consistency of translation as a measurement of quality. With this approach, a quality assurance process for terminology translation can be fully automated. It can also be used for maintaining bilingual training data quality for machine translation.
Beamforming and Speckle Reduction Using Neural Networks (2019)

With traditional beamforming methods, ultrasound B-mode images contain speckle noise caused by the random interference of subresolution scatterers. In this paper, we present a framework for using neural networks to beamform ultrasound channel signals into speckle-reduced B-mode images. We introduce log-domain normalization-independent loss functions that are appropriate for ultrasound imaging. A fully convolutional neural network was trained with the simulated channel signals that were coregistered spatially to ground-truth maps of echogenicity. Networks were designed to accept 16 beamformed subaperture radio frequency (RF) signals. Training performance was compared as a function of training objective, network depth, and network width. The networks were then evaluated on the simulation, phantom, and in vivo data and compared against the existing speckle reduction techniques. The most effective configuration was found to be the deepest (16 layer) and widest (32 filter) networks, trained to minimize a normalization-independent mixture of the l<sub>1</sub> and multiscale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) losses. The neural network significantly outperformed delay-and-sum (DAS) and receive-only spatial compounding in speckle reduction while preserving resolution and exhibited improved detail preservation over a nonlocal means method. This work demonstrates that ultrasound B-mode image reconstruction using machine-learned neural networks is feasible and establishes that networks trained solely in silico can be generalized to real-world imaging in vivo to produce images with significantly reduced speckle.
Total Synthesis of (–)-Picrotoxinin (2019)

We report a concise, stereocontrolled synthesis of the neurotoxic sesquiterpenoid, (–)-picrotoxinin (1, PXN). The brevity of the route owes to regio- and stereoselective formation of the [4.3.0] bicyclic core by incorporation of a symmetrizing geminal dimethyl group at C5. A series of strong C–C and C–H bond oxidations convert the C5 gem-dimethyl group to the C15 lactone of PXN. This counterintuitive strategy features the first example of demethylation (C–C bond cleavage) in total synthesis.
Continuously variable true-time-delay modulator (1993)

Distortion in wide-band phase-sensitive signal-processing systems is introduced by phase shifters that nominally operate independently of frequency. With phased-array antennas, pulse distortion and undesirable shifting in the beam angle (beam squinting) are experienced when the instantaneous bandwidth is large or the frequency is changed. True-time-delay modulators (TTDM’s) properly introduce phase shifts that are linearly proportional to frequency and eliminate these errors.
Inspection of imprint lithography patterns for semiconductor and patterned media (2010)

Imprint lithography has been shown to be an effective technique for replication of nano-scale features. Acceptance of imprint lithography for manufacturing will require demonstration that it can attain defect levels commensurate with the requirements of cost-effective device production. This work summarizes the results of defect inspections of semiconductor masks, wafers and hard disks patterned using Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FILTM). Inspections were performed with optical and e-beam based automated inspection tools. For the semiconductor market, a test mask was designed which included dense features (with half pitches ranging between 32 nm and 48 nm) containing an extensive array of programmed defects. For this work, both e-beam inspection and optical inspection were used to detect both random defects and the programmed defects. Analytical SEMs were then used to review the defects detected by the inspection. Defect trends over the course of many wafers were observed with another test mask using a KLA-T 2132 optical inspection tool. The primary source of defects over 2000 imprints were particle related. For the hard drive market, it is important to understand the defectivity of both the template and the imprinted disk. This work presents a methodology for automated pattern inspection and defect classification for imprint-patterned media. Candela CS20 and 6120 tools from KLA-Tencor map the optical properties of the disk surface, producing highresolution grayscale images of surface reflectivity, scattered light, phase shift, etc. Defects that have been identified in this manner are further characterized according to the morphology
Automatic Code Generation and Data Management for an Asynchronous Task-Based Runtime (2016)

Hardware scaling and low-power considerations associated with the quest for exascale and extreme scale computing are driving system designers to consider new runtime and execution models such as the event-driven-task (EDT) models that enable more concurrency and reduce the amount of synchronization. Further, for performance, productivity, and code sustainability reasons, there is an increasing demand for auto-parallelizing compiler technologies to automatically produce code for EDT-based runtimes. However achieving scalable performance in extreme-scale systems with auto-generated codes is a non-trivial challenge. Some of the key requirements that are important for achieving good scalable performance across many EDT-based systems are: (1) scalable dynamic creation of task-dependence graph and spawning of tasks, (2) scalable creation and management of data and communications, and (3) dynamic scheduling of tasks and movement of data for scalable asynchronous execution. In this paper, we develop capabilities within R-Stream - an automatic source-to-source optimization compiler - for automatic generation and optimization of code and data management targeted towards Open Community Runtime (OCR) - an exascale-ready asynchronous task-based runtime. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques through performance improvements on various benchmarks and proxy application kernels that are relevant to the extreme-scale computing community.