gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Two-Atom Entanglement with Ultrafast Optical Pulses (2017)

We demonstrate quantum entanglement of two trapped atomic ion qubits using a sequence of ultrafast laser pulses. Unlike previous demonstrations of entanglement mediated by the Coulomb interaction, this scheme does not require confinement to the Lamb-Dicke regime and can be less sensitive to ambient noise due to its speed. To elucidate the physics of an ultrafast phase gate, we generate a high entanglement rate using just ten pulses, each of ∼20 ps duration, and demonstrate an entangled Bell state with (76±1)% fidelity. These results pave the way for entanglement operations within a large collection of qubits by exciting only local modes of motion.
Effect of Acetone on the Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria (2010)

Data from laboratory studies are presented to show that organic solvent acetone exhibited a stimulatory effect on the growth of both ubiquitous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, Anabaena azotica and Anabaena flos-aquae at lower concentrations (0.001~1%) and inhibitory effect at a higher concentration (10%). The similar effect was also observed for acetone on photosynthetic functions which may be suggested that use of the growth and photosynthetic pigments of the both cyanobacteria as sensitive indicator index of toxicity to microorganism in environment.
Managing Wild Pigs: A Technical Guide (2022)

Wild pigs are and will continue to be a challenging problem for wildlife managers, landowners, farmers, conservationists, and others. Despite ongoing control programs, wild pigs have increased both their range and population size. Because of this growth, wildlife managers will increasingly be involved in dealing with problems caused by wild pigs traditionally, as well as emerging problems such as landscaping damage in suburban areas. Successful management strategies will depend upon persistent, adaptive, and integrated management programs that incorporate sound biological and ecological information. An integrated management approach, in addition to addressing the biological and ecological aspects of wild pigs, will seek to engage stakeholders via comprehensive education and communication programs. We hope this guide can be a valuable tool in that crucial task.
종합방법에 따른 고분자입자의 물설변화 (2008)

The preparation of monodispers polymer particles has attracted considerable academic industrial due to their wide variety of applications. Size control and narrow size distribution are of fundamental importance for most application of polymer particles. In this study, sub-micron sized monodisperse polystyrene beads were prepared by various heterogeneous polymerization procedures including emulsion, soap-free emulsion and dispersion polymerization. The effects of different polymerization methodologies and reaction temperature on physical properties of polymer particles were studied. The particle size and the particle size distribution were examined by using particle size analyzer(PSA). The structure of polymer particle was investigated using scanning electron microscope(SEM).
No-reference video quality assessment of H.264 video streams based on semantic saliency maps (2011)

The paper contributes to No-Reference video quality assessment of broadcasted HD video over IP networks and DVB. In this work we have enhanced our bottom-up spatio-temporal saliency map model by considering semantics of the visual scene. Thus we propose a new saliency map model based on face detection that we called semantic saliency map. A new fusion method has been proposed to merge the bottom-up saliency maps with the semantic saliency map. We show that our NR metric WMBER weighted by the spatio-temporal-semantic saliency map provides higher results then the WMBER weighted by the bottom-up spatio-temporal saliency map. Tests are performed on two H.264/AVC video databases for video quality assessment over lossy networks.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Networks and Star Polymers Containing a Novel, Hydrolyzable Acetal-Based Dimethacrylate Cross-Linker (2005)

An acid-labile dimethacrylate acetal cross-linker, di(methacryloyloxy-1-ethoxy)methane (DMOEM), was synthesized by the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and paraformaldehyde using p-toluenesulfonic acid and toluene as catalyst and solvent, respectively. Group transfer polymerization was employed to use this cross-linker in the preparation of nine hydrolyzable polymer structures: one neat cross-linker network, one randomly cross-linked network of methyl methacrylate (MMA), and seven star-shaped polymers of MMA. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) confirmed the narrow molecular weight distributions of the linear polymer precursors to the stars and demonstrated the increase in molecular weight upon the addition of cross-linker for the formation of star-shaped polymers. Characterization of the star polymers in THF using static light scattering and GPC showed that the molecular weights and the number of arms of each star polymer increased with an increase in the molar ratio of cross-linker to initiator and with a decrease in the molar ratio of monomer to initiator. The star polymers with DMOEM cores bore a smaller number of arms than those cross-linked with the non-hydrolyzable commercial cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate due to the bulkier structure of DMOEM. All DMOEM-containing polymer networks and star polymers were completely hydrolyzed within 48 h using hydrochloric acid in THF.
Dual-port Conformal PIFA Diversity Antenna for Small Cylindrical Groundplane Mounting (2018)

This paper presents and characterizes a dual-feed PIFA diversity antenna wrapped around a small cylindrical groundplane (ka ~ 0.8). Two rotation-spaced coax cables feed the conformal PIFA from the cylinder. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.1 and the total efficiency of both ports for a copper antenna and PEC structure is ~ 80% at 2.45 GHz. This design is suitable for MIMO applications on small frames such as found on unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, bicycles, and radio masts.
The BET Family Member BRD4 Interacts with OCT4 and Regulates Pluripotency Gene Expression (2015)

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency is controlled by defined transcription factors. During cellular differentiation, ESCs undergo a global epigenetic reprogramming. Female ESCs exemplify this process as one of the two X-chromosomes is globally silenced during X chromosome inactivation (XCI) to balance the X-linked gene disparity with XY males. The pluripotent factor OCT4 regulates XCI by triggering X chromosome pairing and counting. OCT4 directly binds Xite and Tsix, which encode two long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that suppress the silencer lncRNA, Xist. To control its activity as a master regulator in pluripotency and XCI, OCT4 must have chromatin protein partners. Here we show that BRD4, a member of the BET protein subfamily, interacts with OCT4. BRD4 occupies the regulatory regions of pluripotent genes and the lncRNAs of XCI. BET inhibition or depletion of BRD4 reduces the expression of many pluripotent genes and shifts cellular fate showing that BRD4 is pivotal for transcription in ESCs.
EBV Immortalization of human B lymphocytes separated from small volumes of cryo-preserved whole blood (2008)

EBV immortalized B lymphocyte cell lines have been extensively used as a source of biological material for functional and molecular studies and represent a potentially limitless source of genomic DNA. Current technologies for EBV transformation are costly and use relatively large volumes of peripheral blood. Alternative methods were examined to determine whether smaller volumes of cryo-preserved whole blood could be subsequently transformed and which could provide a more cost-effective strategy for large population-based studies such as UK Biobank. A successful method was established where viable B cells were positively selected from 0.5 ml cryo-preserved whole blood samples. These were EBV transformed in microtitre plates and subsequently expanded in culture. A pilot study within UK Biobank was performed, which confirmed its potential usefulness for this study.
Resistance genes for rye stem rust (<i>SrR</i>) and barley powdery mildew (<i>Mla</i>) are located in syntenic regions on short arm of chromosome (2004)

Genetic stocks were developed for the localization and eventual cloning of the stem rust resistance gene SrR that occurs in wheat lines carrying the 1RS translocation from Secale cereale 'Imperial' rye. We have used a mutation-based approach for molecular analysis of the SrR region in rye. Forty-one independent mutants resulting in loss of SrR resistance were isolated: many of these were deletions of various sizes that were used to locate SrR with respect to chromosome group 1S markers. The analysis of the mutants showed that markers about 1 Mb apart flanking the barley Mla locus also flank SrR. Additionally, three of the approximately 20 closely related sequences of Mla in rye are deleted in each of six interstitial deletion mutants of SrR. The results indicate that the SrR region in rye is syntenic to the Mla region in barley or that SrR is possibly orthologous to the Mla locus.
Resin bonding to wet substrate. 1. Bonding to dentin. (1992)

An in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of a dentin-enamel bonding system to bond to wet, as well as to dry, dentinal substrate. The All-Etch/All-Bond system was used to bond to wet and dry dentin using 10% and 37% phosphoric acid surface conditioning. The wet dentinal surfaces exhibited significantly higher bond strengths than did the dry surfaces. It is suggested that, because of the unique behavior of the resin-primer mixture, the dentinal surface is adapted to much more thoroughly and intimately when the surface is wet.
Critical role of intercalated water for electrocatalytically active nitrogen-doped graphitic systems (2016)

Graphitic materials are essential in energy conversion and storage because of their excellent chemical and electrical properties. The strategy for obtaining functional graphitic materials involves graphite oxidation and subsequent dissolution in aqueous media, forming graphene-oxide nanosheets (GNs). Restacked GNs contain substantial intercalated water that can react with heteroatom dopants or the graphene lattice during reduction. We demonstrate that removal of intercalated water using simple solvent treatments causes significant structural reorganization, substantially affecting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability of nitrogen-doped graphitic systems. Amid contrasting reports describing the ORR activity of GN-based catalysts in alkaline electrolytes, we demonstrate superior activity in an acidic electrolyte with an onset potential of ~0.9 V, a half-wave potential (E ½) of 0.71 V, and a selectivity for four-electron reduction of >95%. Further, durability testing showed E ½ retention >95% in N2- and O2-saturated solutions after 2000 cycles, demonstrating the highest ORR activity and stability reported to date for GN-based electrocatalysts in acidic media.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Azides via Asymmetric Dihydroxylation (2017)

The catalytic enantioselective preparation of densely functionalized amines is a fundamental synthetic challenge. To address this challenge, we report for the first time that the Winstein rearrangement can be enlisted as the racemization pathway in a dynamic kinetic resolution of allylic azides. Alkene functionalization by Sharpless dihydroxylation affords tertiary azides in excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99:1 er). This approach establishes the chirality of the tertiary azide, obviates the need to directly forge either a congested C-N or C-C bond at the new nitrogenous stereocenter, and establishes additional functionality. Several examples demonstrate further elaboration of this functionality.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Leukotoxin GH Promotes Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus secretes numerous virulence factors that facilitate evasion of the host immune system. Among these molecules are pore-forming cytolytic toxins, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), leukotoxin GH (LukGH; also known as LukAB), leukotoxin DE, and γ-hemolysin. PVL and LukGH have potent cytolytic activity in vitro, and both toxins are proinflammatory in vivo. Although progress has been made toward elucidating the role of these toxins in S. aureus virulence, our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the proinflammatory capacity of these toxins, as well as the associated host response toward them, is incomplete. To address this deficiency in knowledge, we assessed the ability of LukGH to prime human PMNs for enhanced bactericidal activity and further investigated the impact of the toxin on neutrophil function. We found that, unlike PVL, LukGH did not prime human neutrophils for increased production of reactive oxygen species nor did it enhance binding and/or uptake of S. aureus. Unexpectedly, LukGH promoted the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which, in turn, ensnared but did not kill S. aureus. Furthermore, we found that electropermeabilization of human neutrophils, used as a separate means to create pores in the neutrophil plasma membrane, similarly induced formation of NETs, a finding consistent with the notion that NETs can form during nonspecific cytolysis. We propose that the ability of LukGH to promote formation of NETs contributes to the inflammatory response and host defense against S. aureus infection.
A Novel High-Dynamic-Range PLL System for Synchronous Detection in AM Receivers (1985)

This paper presents a novel nested phase-lock loop system for synchronous detection in AM radio receivers with frequency-synthesizer tuning. The VCXO of the phase-lock loop simultaneously acts as the reference frequency for the synthesizer. A unique compensation technique that ties the poles of the PLL transfer function down in fixed positions effectuates an extremely high dynamic range, thereby alleviating the i. f. filter requirements drastically. With a loop bandwidth of 3.5Hz, an interfering carrier with a 50dB higher level and at a distance of 9kHz from the desired carrier is adequately rejected.
Active Control of Driveability (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern vehicles require a high degree of refinement, including good driveability, to meet customer demands. Specific aspects of driveability can be improved through the use of modern control techniques. This paper describes work by Ricardo on a novel active driveability control algorithm to reduce unwanted fore and aft oscillations in vehicle acceleration, known as shuffle, following a change in accelerator pedal position. The control algorithm is derived from a linearized model of the vehicle drivetrain and comprises two elements; a state observer estimating values of unmeasurable variables in the powertrain from standard production sensors and a state feedback controller to modulate engine torque. Together, these two elements increase the damping factor of the powertrain at critical frequencies and hence reduce vehicle shuffle. Significant improvements to vehicle driveability are demonstrated on a complex non-linear model of a vehicle powertrain during acceleration and deceleration manoeuvres. This technique permits greater design freedom, when compared with passive approaches, over the choice of powertrain components that affect driveability.</div>
5-Fluorouracil: identification of novel downstream mediators of tumour response. (2004)

These data demonstrate the potential of microarray analysis to identify novel genes associated with response or resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
Results of Additional Pulsatile Pulmonary Blood Flow with Bidirectional Glenn Cavopulmonary Anastomosis: Positive Effect on Main Pulmonary Artery Growth and Less Need for Fontan Conversion (2013)

The pulsatile cavopulmonary shunt is a useful procedure in the early and intermediate term management of patients with a functional univentricular heart. It improves partial oxygen pressure and the impact of pulsatility on the main pulmonary artery.
Cognitive Learning-Aided Multi-Antenna Communications (2022)

Cognitive communications have emerged as a promising solution to enhance, adapt, and invent new tools and capabilities that transcend conventional wireless networks. Deep learning (DL) is critical in enabling essential features of cognitive systems because of its fast prediction performance, adaptive behavior, and model-free structure. These features are especially significant for multi-antenna wireless communications systems, which generate and handle massive data. Multiple antennas may provide multiplexing, diversity, or antenna gains that improve the capacity, bit error rate, or the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, respectively. In practice, multi-antenna cognitive communications encounter challenges in terms of data complexity and diversity, hardware complexity, and wireless channel dynamics. DL solutions such as federated learning, transfer learning, and online learning tackle these problems at various stages of communications processing, including multi-channel estimation, hybrid beamforming, user localization, and sparse array design. This article provides a synopsis of various DL-based methods to impart cognitive behavior to multi-antenna wireless communications for improved robustness and adaptation to the environmental changes while providing satisfactory spectral efficiency and computation times. We discuss DL design challenges from the perspective of data, learning and transceiver architectures. In particular, we suggest quantized learning models, data/model parallelization, and distributed learning methods to address the aforementioned challenges.
Comparing the Efficiency and Safety of Bipolar and Monopolar Transurethral Resection for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2016)

This systematic review indicates that the bipolar technique is more efficacious and safer for NMIBC patients. More large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled studies are needed before final clinical recommendations can be made.
Achromatic super-oscillatory lenses with sub-wavelength focusing (2017)

Lenses are crucial to light-enabled technologies. Conventional lenses have been perfected to achieve near-diffraction-limited resolution and minimal chromatic aberrations. However, such lenses are bulky and cannot focus light into a hotspot smaller than a half-wavelength of light. Pupil filters, initially suggested by Toraldo di Francia, can overcome the resolution constraints of conventional lenses but are not intrinsically chromatically corrected. Here we report single-element planar lenses that not only deliver sub-wavelength focusing, thus beating the diffraction limit of conventional refractive lenses, but also focus light of different colors into the same hotspot. Using the principle of super-oscillations, we designed and fabricated a range of binary dielectric and metallic lenses for visible and infrared parts of the spectrum that are manufactured on silicon wafers, silica substrates and optical fiber tips. Such low-cost, compact lenses could be useful in mobile devices, data storage, surveillance, robotics, space applications, imaging, manufacturing with light and spatially resolved nonlinear microscopies.
Analysis of Sonic Hedgehog signalling pathway gene expression in Basal Cell Carcinoma and in GLII induced systems (2007)

Embryonic development is regulated by a number of signalling pathways, which are critical for normal growth. Many of these genes then continue to play an important role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation in adult. One such pathway is the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway; SHH protein is secreted which binds to its receptor patched (PTCH), leading to the activation and repression of target genes via zinc-finger GLI family transcription factors. Deregulation of this pathway, leads to a number of human birth defects and diseases such as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. In transgenic mouse model systems activation of GLI1 by SHH-signalling is a key step in initiating BCC formation. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in response to hedgehog signalling and GLI activity in human BCC formation and how this pathway interacts with other pathways. The aim of this thesis was to establish in vitro and in vivo model systems to investigate the molecular events leading to BCC formation. I have shown that Gl.Il , Gi12, Gi13, PTCH, SMO and KlF4 were induced and a-TUB was repressed in BCC relative to normal skin. Using an in vitro model I further showed that Gl.ll , Gi12, Gi13, PTCH, SMO and a-TUB were induced and KlF4 was repressed in GLII expressing keratinocytes. Collaborative work with Dr Fritz Aberger's laboratory in Salzburg showed that Gl.Il and FOXEI are direct targets of GLI2 and I showed that Gl.I? and FOXEI were expressed in the interfollicular epidermis and the outer root sheath of hair follicles in normal skin as well as in BCC tumour islands suggesting a possible link between hair follicle and BCe. I further showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling reduces transcription activity of GLI1 by shuttling GLII out of nucleus and altering the expression of PTCH, SMO, Gil2 and Gl.B SHH genes. In addition, I demonstrated that whilst EGF induced Vimentin and Snail2 expression and GLII repressed their expression suggesting that GLI is able to counter epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with EGF and this may in part explain why Bee very rarely metastasise. Furthermore, GLI1 appears to upregulate stem cell like signature and EGF downregulates this signature. Finally, we were able to generate a KRTI4- Floxed-GFP-Gill transgenic mouse but were unable to activate the target gene (KRTI4-GFP-GiIl). In conclusion, I have identified possible targets of GLI activity and shown interactions between EGF signalling and GLI that will help us to understand the potential molecular actions of SHH signalling with the goal of developing better therapeutic strategies.
Targeting Ewing sarcoma with activated and GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor-engineered human NK cells induces upregulation of immune-inhibitory HLA-G (2016)

Activated and <i>in vitro</i> expanded natural killer (NK) cells have substantial cytotoxicity against many tumor cells, but their <i>in vivo</i> efficacy to eliminate solid cancers is limited. Here, we used chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to enhance the activity of NK cells against Ewing sarcomas (EwS) in a tumor antigen-specific manner. Expression of CARs directed against the ganglioside antigen G<sub>D2</sub> in activated NK cells increased their responses to G<sub>D2</sub>+ allogeneic EwS cells <i>in vitro</i> and overcame resistance of individual cell lines to NK cell lysis. Second-generation CARs with 4-1BB and 2B4 co-stimulatory signaling and third-generation CARs combining both co-stimulatory domains were all equally effective. By contrast, adoptive transfer of G<sub>D2</sub>-specific CAR gene-modified NK cells both by intratumoral and intraperitoneal delivery failed to eliminate G<sub>D2</sub>-expressing EwS xenografts. Histopathology review revealed upregulation of the immunosuppressive ligand HLA-G in tumor autopsies from mice treated with NK cells compared to untreated control mice. Supporting the relevance of this finding, <i>in vitro</i> co-incubation of NK cells with allogeneic EwS cells induced upregulation of the HLA-G receptor CD85j, and HLA-G1 expressed by EwS cells suppressed the activity of NK cells from three of five allogeneic donors against the tumor cells <i>in vitro</i>. We conclude that HLA-G is a candidate immune checkpoint in EwS where it can contribute to resistance to NK cell therapy. HLA-G deserves evaluation as a potential target for more effective immunotherapeutic combination regimens in this and other cancers.