gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic production of glucose from waste paper (2009)

Municipal wastes have become a severe problem in developed and developing countries during the last century, paper being the main constituent. Not all of the waste paper can be recycled, and therefore alternative procedures for the use of the remaining material should be pursued. The aim of the present work was the application of cellulases for waste paper treatment and the subsequent glucose production and optimization of the conditions for such treatment. Glucose thereafter can be utilized for production of ethanol or other chemicals by specific microbial cultures. The work focused in the stabilization of cellulases by cross-linking or by the addition of specific crown ether based compounds to improve glucose production. The results indicated that enzymatic treatment of waste paper is of particular interest, since it may be an alternative way to carry out municipal wastes treatment and concomitant glucose production. By the application of the proposed procedure, the total amounts of municipal wastes can be greatly reduced and production of bioethanol can be achieved.
Quality of life after surgery, external beam irradiation, or brachytherapy for early‐stage prostate cancer (2007)

In the current study, treatment for localized prostate cancer was found to differentially affect HRQOL outcomes. Urinary control and sexual function were better after EBRT, although bilateral nerve-sparing surgery diminished these differences among potent men undergoing RP. BT caused more obstructive and irritative symptoms, while both forms of radiation caused more bowel dysfunction. These results may inform medical decision-making in men with localized prostate cancer.
zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades (2004)

Korreferent: Prof. Dr. habil. Sergei GorlatchI would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents. Acknowledgements I’d like to thank all of the people who have supported and help me to make this thesis possible. Firstly and foremost, I am deeply indebted to my supervisors, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Schwiegelshohn and Dr.-Ing. Ramin Yahyapour. During the last 3 and a half years, they have always encouraged and motivated me, given valuable advices to me. I owe my whole research progress to their efforts. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. habil. Sergei Gorlatch for his helpful support. Further, I would like to thank for the help of the all of the other colleagues in the information technology sector, institute for robotics research. They provided me a very pleasant working atmosphere. It is a cherishable memory to work with them in my life. Also I would like to thank for the finical support from the Graduate school of production engineering and logistics, university of Dortmund. The help from the colleges from graduate school is highly indebted.
Chirality Josephson Current Due to a Novel Quantum Anomaly in Inversion-Asymmetric Weyl Semimetals (2018)

We study Josephson junctions based on inversion-asymmetric but time-reversal symmetric Weyl semimetals under the influence of Zeeman fields. We find that, due to distinct spin textures, the Weyl nodes of opposite chirality respond differently to an external magnetic field. Remarkably, a Zeeman field perpendicular to the junction direction results in a phase shift of opposite sign in the current-phase relations of opposite chirality. This leads to a finite chirality Josephson current (CJC) even in the absence of a phase difference across the junction. This feature could allow for applications in chiralitytronics. In the long junction and zero temperature limit, the CJC embodies a novel quantum anomaly of Goldstone bosons at π phase difference which is associated with a Z_{2} symmetry at low energies. It can be detected experimentally via an anomalous Fraunhofer pattern.
10 Gbit/s RZ all-optical discrimination using refinedsaturable absorber optical gate (1998)

The switching energy of a saturable absorber optical gate is reduced by optimisation of its MQW (multiple quantum well) thickness. Using the refined optical gate, the repetition frequency of switching is improved, and successful error-free 10 Gbit/s all-optical discrimination is demonstrated.
Det förnuftiga universitetet: Skymtande möjligheter (2016)

Det moderna forskningsuniversitetet var tänkt att förkroppsliga och företräda förnuftets primat. Tanken var att universitetet, genom sin oberoende status, skulle bidra till samhällets välgång, genom att underkasta all kunskap rigoröst och förbehållslös granskning. Många oroas idag över hur politiska krav, kulturella strömningar, ideologiska motsättningar och ekonomiska krafter undan för undan har demonterat det sakliga argumentets primat vid våra lärosäten. Om inte ens universitetet kan förvalta det rationella tänkandets former och kunskapsalstrande praktiker, vart är då vetenskapen, och det samhälle den tjänar, på väg? I denna uppsats förfäktas argumentet att den hårda press som universiteten idag onekligen utsätts för idag, och den kris det tycks befinna sig i, inte nödvändigtvis måste innebära förfall och förlust. Universitetets vitalitet och motståndskraft visar sig snarare i hur frågor om vad förnuftet kan och inte kan acceptera ständigt blir föremål för reflektion. Detta leder till framväxten av nya former av förnuftsbruk, vilket i sig är ett utövande av det rationella tänkandets förmåga att alstra ny kunskap och nya insikter. Vad vi ser är ett förnuft som mångfaldigas och upprättar kopplingar till hittills främmande delar av samhället. Det akademiska tänkandets rationalitet visar sig, så att säga, i att det ständigt finner nya former och uttryck – i att det modifierar sig i förhållande till nya former av interna och externa hot. Det är i denna aktivitet, när förnuftet mångfaldigas och samtidigt underkastar dessa nya uttryck kritik, som förnuftet uppvisar sitt sanna väsen; som något som inte kan naglas fast, utan som kommer till uttryck i försöken att skilja vad som är förnuftigt från vad som inte är det. Detta är en aktivitet som i allra högsta grad är levande inom dagens universitetsvärld, och som på många sätt intensifieras genom de olika samhällstendenser som inverkar på, och förändrar, universitetet.
Association of KIT exon 9 mutations with nongastric primary site and aggressive behavior: KIT mutation analysis and clinical correlates of 120 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. (2003)

Most KIT-expressing GISTs show KIT mutations that are preferentially located within the classic hot spot of exon 11. In addition, we found an association between a second hot spot at the 3'end of exon 11, characterized by ITDs, and a subgroup of clinically indolent gastric GISTs in older females. KIT exon 9 mutations seem to define a distinct subset of GISTs, located predominantly in the small bowel and associated with an unfavorable clinical course.
Osteoclasts expressing the measles virus nucleocapsid gene display a pagetic phenotype (2000)

Osteoclasts (OCLs) in Paget's disease are markedly increased in number and size, have increased numbers of nuclei per multinucleated cell, and demonstrate increased resorption capacity and increased sensitivity to 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), the active form of vitamin D. These cells also contain nuclear inclusions, reminiscent of those seen in paramyxovirus-infected cells, which cross-react with antibodies to measles virus nucleocapsid (MVNP) antigen. To elucidate the role of MV in the abnormal OCL phenotype of Paget's disease, we transduced normal OCL precursors with retroviral vectors expressing MVNP and the MV matrix (MVM) genes. The transduced cells were then cultured with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) for14 or 21 days to induce formation of OCL-like multinucleated cells. The MVNP-transduced cells formed increased numbers of multinucleated cells, which contained many more nuclei and had increased resorption capacity compared with multinucleated cells derived from empty vector-transduced (EV-transduced) and MVM-transduced or normal bone marrow cells. Furthermore, MVNP-transduced cells showed increased sensitivity to 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3), and formed OCLs at concentrations of 1, 25-(OH)(2)D(3) that were 1 log lower than that required for normal, EV-transduced, or MVM-transduced cells. These results demonstrate that expression of the MVNP gene in normal OCL precursors stimulates OCL formation and induces OCLs that express a phenotype similar to that of pagetic OCLs. These results support a potential pathophysiologic role for MV infection in the abnormal OCL activity and morphology that are characteristic of pagetic OCLs.
Anodic Oxidation of Two Polychlorinated Biphenyls (1976)

Although very resistant to environmental oxidative degradation reactions, two specific polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and typical commercial mixtures of PCB's are oxidized at very high anodic potentials at a platinum electrode in a medium of aqueous acetonitrile and tetraethylammonium fluoborate. Isolation of the chlorobiphenylols (or hydroxychlorobiphenyls) formed by initial oxidative hydroxylation reactions and the corresponding benzoquinones, in addition to cyclic voltammetric data, indicate an over‐all ECE reaction scheme. Certain of the identified oxidation products of the PCB's studied have never been reported, while others are similar to their known metabolic or photochemical degradation products. This indicates that electrochemistry is a convenient method to study the degradation of these very persistent environmental pollutants, as well as a convenient synthetic route for certain of their key degradation products.
Design, Synthesis, and Photovoltaic Characterization of a Small Molecular Acceptor with an Ultra‐Narrow Band Gap (2017)

The design of narrow band gap (NBG) donors or acceptors and their application in organic solar cells (OSCs) are of great importance in the conversion of solar photons to electrons. Limited by the inevitable energy loss from the optical band gap of the photovoltaic material to the open-circuit voltage of the OSC device, the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NBG-based OSCs faces great challenges. A novel acceptor-donor-acceptor structured non-fullerene acceptor is reported with an ultra-narrow band gap of 1.24 eV, which was achieved by an enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect. In the OSC device, despite a low energy loss of 0.509 eV, an impressive short-circuit current density of 25.3 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> is still recorded, which is the highest value for all OSC devices. The high 10.9 % PCE of the NBG-based OSC demonstrates that the design and application of ultra-narrow materials have the potential to further improve the PCE of OSC devices.
Glycosylation Patterns of the Envelope Glycoproteins of an Equine-virulent Venezuelan Encephalitis Virus and its Vaccine Derivative (1982)

The equine-virulent Venezuelan encephalitis virus, Trinidad donkey (TRD), was compared to its vaccine derivative, TC-83 virus, by examining the glycosylation of the two structural envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2). The number of size classes of glycopeptides on the glycoproteins was determined by P-6 column chromatography following Pronase digestion. The E1 glycoprotein had three glycopeptide size species and the E2 glycoprotein contained four size species ranging in mol. wt. from 1900 to 2700. Both viruses contained similar glycopeptide size species, although the relative amounts on the E2 glycoproteins appeared to be somewhat different. All of the glycopeptide species appeared to be complex, since all were labelled with glucosamine, mannose, galactose and fucose. No mannose-rich species could be detected. The different glycopeptide species appeared to be sialylation isomers of a smaller core glycopeptide with an apparent mol. wt. of 1800 which was the sole product following desialylation of the larger glycopeptides. The number of oligosaccharide attachment sites present on both E1 and E2 of each virus was determined using reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. This analysis indicated that the E1 glycoprotein of both viruses had six or seven similar sugar-labelled peptide fragments following trypsin digestion. However, the E2 glycoprotein of TRD virus contained three oligosaccharide attachment sites, whereas TC-83 E2 glycoprotein had only two.
User Information Augmented Semantic Frame Parsing using Coarse-to-Fine Neural Networks (2018)

Semantic frame parsing is a crucial component in spoken language understanding (SLU) to build spoken dialog systems. It has two main tasks: intent detection and slot filling. Although state-of-the-art approaches showed good results, they require large annotated training data and long training time. In this paper, we aim to alleviate these drawbacks for semantic frame parsing by utilizing the ubiquitous user information. We design a novel coarse-to-fine deep neural network model to incorporate prior knowledge of user information intermediately to better and quickly train a semantic frame parser. Due to the lack of benchmark dataset with real user information, we synthesize the simplest type of user information (location and time) on ATIS benchmark data. The results show that our approach leverages such simple user information to outperform state-of-the-art approaches by 0.25% for intent detection and 0.31% for slot filling using standard training data. When using smaller training data, the performance improvement on intent detection and slot filling reaches up to 1.35% and 1.20% respectively. We also show that our approach can achieve similar performance as state-of-the-art approaches by using less than 80% annotated training data. Moreover, the training time to achieve the similar performance is also reduced by over 60%.
Alangionosides G-M: Glycosides of Megastigmane Derivatives from the Leaves of Alangium premnifolium. (1995)

Phytochemical investigation of the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of Alangium premnifolium resulted in the isolation of ten megastigmane glycosides, of which, two, (6R,9R)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol apiofuranosylglucopyranoside and roseoside with (6S,9R)-blumeol A as an aglycone were known. The structures of the eight new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods.
Chinese medical journal = 中華医学雑誌英文版 (1979)

Hospitals can participate in the research that will make possible improvements in preventive, therapeutic, and diagnostic medicine for the elderly.
Corneal Ectasia After LASIK (2003)

Faraj, Hani G. MDa; Gatinel, Damien MDa; Chastang, Philippe J. MDa; Hoang-Xuan, Thanh MDa Author Information
Gaze-directed ubiquitous interaction using a Brain-Computer Interface (2010)

n this paper, we present a first proof-of-concept for using a mobile Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) coupled to a wearable computer as an ambient input device for a ubiquitous computing service. BCI devices, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) based BCI, can be used as a novel form of human-computer interaction device. A user can log into a nearby computer terminal by looking at its screen. This feature is enabled by detecting a user's gaze through the analysis of the brain's response to visually evoked patterns. We present the experimental setup and discuss opportunities and limitations of the technique.
Photocatalysis and Photoinduced Hydrophilicity of Various Metal Oxide Thin Films (2002)

Thin films of various metal oxides were prepared on glass substrates by a wet process to determine their photocatalytic ability to decompose adsorbed dye and to evaluate their photoinduced hydrophilicity under UV illumination. The metal oxides used in this study are classified into four categories based on their behavior over the two photochemical reaction: (1) active in both photocatalytic oxidation and photoinduced hydrophilicity (TiO2, SnO2, ZnO); (2) only active in photocatalytic oxidation (SrTiO3); (3) only active in photoinduced hydrophilicity (WO3, V2O5); (4) and inactive over both processes (CeO2, CuO, MoO3, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, In2O3). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that oxygen defect sites were produced by Ar+ bombardment on the surface of metal oxides, showing photoinduced hydrophilicity. These results indicate that photoinduced hydrophilicity is not induced by the photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds adsorbed on the surface, but is based on structural changes of the metal oxide surfaces.
Quintuple: a Python 5-qubit quantum computer simulator to facilitate cloud quantum computing (2016)

In May 2016 IBM released access to its 5-qubit quantum computer to the scientific community, its "IBM Quantum Experience" since acquiring over 25,000 users from students, educators and researchers around the globe. In the short time since the "IBM Quantum Experience" became available, a flurry of research results on 5-qubit systems have been published derived from the platform hardware. Quintuple is an open-source object-oriented Python module implementing the simulation of the "IBM Quantum Experience" hardware. Quintuple quantum algorithms can be programmed and run via a custom language fully compatible with the "IBM Quantum Experience" or in pure Python. Over 40 example programs are provided with expected results, including Grover's Algorithm and the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Quintuple contributes to the study of 5-qubit systems and the development and debugging of quantum algorithms for deployment on the "IBM Quantum Experience" hardware.
ODDS: Real-Time Object Detection Using Depth Sensors on Embedded GPUs (2018)

Detecting objects that are carried when someone enters or exits a room is very useful for a wide range of smart building applications including safety, security, and energy efficiency. While there has been a significant amount of work on object recognition using large-scale RGB image datasets, RGB cameras are too privacy invasive in many smart building applications and they work poorly in the dark. Additionally, deep object detection networks require powerful and expensive GPUs. We propose a novel system that we call ODDS (Object Detector using a Depth Sensor) that can detect objects in real-time using only raw depth data on an embedded GPU, e.g., NVIDIA Jetson TX1. Hence, our solution is significantly less privacy invasive (even if the sensor is compromised) and less expensive, while maintaining a comparable accuracy with state of the art solutions. Specifically, we resort to training a deep convolutional neural network using raw depth images, with curriculum based learning to improve accuracy by considering the complexity and imbalance in object classes and developing a sparse coding based technique that speeds up the system ~2× with minimal loss of accuracy. Based on a complete implementation and real-world evaluation, we see ODDS achieve 80.14% mean average precision in object detection in real-time (5-6 FPS) on a Jetson TX1.
An Array of Concentric Composite Nanostructure of Metal Nanowires Encapsulated in Zirconia Nanotubes:  Preparation, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties (2002)

An array of highly ordered ZrO2 nanotubes has been prepared by a simple sol−gel method using the alumina membrane as a template. Furthermore, with use of this nanotube array with an alumina membrane support as a “second-order template”, the novel composite nanostructures of metal nickel- or copper-filled ZrO2 nanotubes have been synthesized by electrodeposition. TEM images show that these encapsulated metals present as continuous and uniform nanowires in each and all ZrO2 nanotubes. It is more important that the wall thickness of the ZrO2 tubules, and the different morphologies of the encapsulated metals (metal nanowires or nanoparticles) can be controlled by the template used and synthesis conditions. Magnetic measurements on the ordered array of a concentric composite of ZrO2 nanotubes/Ni nanowires reveal that the coercivities are Hc∥ ∼ 237 Oe and Hc⊥ ∼ 138 Oe, respectively, which exhibits enhanced coercivities by comparison with that of the bulk Ni.
A short, novel promoter sequence confers the expression of human leukosialin, a major sialoglycoprotein on leukocytes (1991)

Human leukosialin (CD43) is a major sialoglycoprotein expressed on leukocytes and platelets. In order to investigate the transcriptional regulation of this gene, we have isolated a genomic DNA of 12 kilobases in size that includes the 5'-flanking sequence. Comparison of the genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that the leukosialin gene consists of two exons, and that its entire translation product is encoded in the second exon. The transcriptional start site was determined by primer extension analysis in human T-cell line Jurkat. No canonical TATA or CAAT boxes were found in the prospected upstream region, but a guanine-rich region was observed on the sense strand. To localize the transcriptional regulatory region of this gene, various regions of 5' sequences were fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, and transient expression assays were conducted in Jurkat cells. We employed the polymerase chain reaction to generate a series of clones containing 5' sequences of the leukosialin gene using primer sequences based on the genomic sequence. This strategy enabled us to narrow the search for a transcriptional regulatory element. In addition, we introduced site-directed mutations in the regulatory region by polymerase chain reaction to define it in detail. These studies showed that the sequence from -53 to -40 base pairs 5' to the transcriptional start site is critically involved in leukosialin expression. This sequence, 5'GGGTGGGTGGAGCC3', represents a novel promoter sequence which has not been reported in the promoters for other molecules expressed in T-lymphocytes.
A Study to Evaluate the Lifestyle of Medical Students in Lahore, Pakistan (2019)

Introduction Medical school is a challenging period that may bring about undesired changes in health and lifestyle habits. In order to thrive both mentally and physically, students must maintain a balanced routine and adopt healthy lifestyles. Scientific evidence confirms that unhealthy life habits play an important role in the development of many disorders in all age groups. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of these lifestyle habits among medical students of a renowned private sector medical school based in Lahore, Pakistan, and to identify their association with variables such as socio-demographic characteristics, year of medical school, and personal beliefs. Methodology This cross-sectional study of 300 medical students included a self-administered questionnaire comprising (in addition to socio-demographic characteristics) information about healthy lifestyle practices in the following areas: gender, age, sleep, dietary habits, addictions, physical activity, and hygiene practices. The students were undergraduates in the first to fifth years of M.B.B.S, aged ≥18 years, and gave informed consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, US). The chi-squared test was used to determine the association. Results The frequencies of healthy, fairly healthy, and unhealthy lifestyles were 30.7%, 62.3%, and 7%, respectively. In a sample of 33.3% males and 66.7% females, the fairly healthy lifestyle was most prevalent (62.3%) followed by the healthy lifestyle (30.7%) and unhealthy lifestyle (7.0%). Third-year MBBS had the highest prevalence of healthy lifestyle (n=20, 40.8%). Fourth-year MBBS had the highest prevalence of a fairly healthy lifestyle (n=70, 75.3%). Whereas, second-year MBBS had the highest prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle (n=9, 11%). This difference between classes was statistically significant (p=0.006). Conclusion In order to combat the low level of healthy lifestyles in medical students, it is recommended that measures such as awareness programs and seminars be put in place.