gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Furnace Atmosphere Controls in Heat Treating (2014)

Abstract The atmosphere within a furnace chamber is a basic factor in achieving the desired chemical reactions with metals during heat treating. This article presents the fundamentals of heat treating atmospheres, and describes two groups of atmosphere control, namely, furnace atmosphere control and supply atmosphere control. The two basic types of atmospheric supply systems are generated atmospheres and nitrogen-base atmospheres. The article provides a brief overview of the gas reactions associated with oxidation and carbon control to ensure either carburization, or to prevent decarburization. It demonstrates how the carbon potential control is achieved by controlling water vapor concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, or oxygen partial pressure. The article also describes the various devices and analyzers used to monitor sampled gas from furnace atmospheres, namely, chromatographs, oxygen probes, Orsat analyzers, infrared analyzers, dewpoint analyzers, and hot-wire analyzers. Finally, it discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of these analyzers.
Radial elasticity of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (2012)

We investigated the radial mechanical properties of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (MW-BNNTs) using atomic force microscopy. The employed MW-BNNTs were synthesized using pressurized vapor/condenser (PVC) methods and were dispersed in aqueous solution using ultrasonication methods with the aid of ionic surfactants. Our nanomechanical measurements reveal the elastic deformational behaviors of individual BNNTs with two to four tube walls in their transverse directions. Their effective radial elastic moduli were obtained through interpreting their measured radial deformation profiles using Hertzian contact mechanics models. Our results capture the dependences of the effective radial moduli of MW-BNNTs on both the tube outer diameter and the number of tube layers. The effective radial moduli of double-walled BNNTs are found to be several-fold higher than those of single-walled BNNTs within the same diameter range. Our work contributes directly to a complete understanding of the fundamental structural and mechanical properties of BNNTs and the pursuits of their novel structural and electronics applications.
Prediction of transient tumor enlargement using MRI tumor texture after radiosurgery on vestibular schwannoma (2020)

The results found in this research clearly show that MRI tumor texture provides information that can be employed for predicting TTE. This can form a basis for individual VS treatment selection, further improving overall treatment results. Particularly in patients with large VSs, where the phenomenon of TTE is most relevant and our predictive model performs best, these findings can be implemented in a clinical workflow such that for each patient, the most optimal treatment strategy can be determined.
<i>In Vitro</i> Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Ceftibuten-Clavulanate Combination Antibiotic against Enterobacteriaceae (2019)

A novel antibiotic combination of the oral cephalosporin ceftibuten (CTB) and the β-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate (CLA) is currently in development for urinary tract infections, including those caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. This study aimed to identify the pharmacodynamic index and magnitude of this index for CLA, when combined with a fixed CTB exposure (∼59% free time above the CTB-CLA MIC) against ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CTB-CLA MICs of 0.25/0.125 to 1/0.5 μg/ml) using the <i>in vitro</i> chemostat model. Dose fractionation studies identified the time that free CLA concentrations remained above a threshold concentration (<i>fT</i>>threshold) to be the best pharmacodynamic index (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.85) compared with the free area under the curve (AUC)/threshold ratio (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.62) and free maximum concentration/threshold ratio (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.37). For <i>E. coli</i> isolates, stasis and 1-log<sub>10</sub> CFU reductions were achieved at 30.9 and 47.9% <i>fT</i>>CTB concentrations of the 2:1 CTB-CLA MIC (<i>fT</i>>MIC here), respectively. For <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates, stasis and 1-log<sub>10</sub> CFU reductions were achieved at 51.9 and 92.0% <i>fT</i>>MIC, respectively. These data inform exposure requirements for CLA combined with CTB for optimizing pharmacodynamics against <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and should be useful in designing dosage regimens for this combination antibiotic.
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into 2D arrays at water–oil interfaces: rational construction of stable SERS substrates with accessible enhancing surfaces and tailored plasmonic response (2021)

Self-assembly at water-oil interfaces has been shown to be a cheap, convenient and efficient route to obtain densely packed layers of plasmonic nanoparticles which have small interparticle distances. This creates highly plasmonically active materials that can be used to give strong SERS enhancement and whose structure means that they are well suited to creating the highly stable, reproducible and uniform substrates that are needed to allow routine and accurate quantitative SERS measurements. A variety of methods have been developed to induce nanoparticle self-assembly at water-oil interfaces, fine tune the surface chemistry and adjust the position of the nanoparticles at the interface but only some of these are compatible with eventual use in SERS, where it is important that target molecules can access the active surface unimpeded. Similarly, it is useful to transform liquid plasmonic arrays into easy-to-handle free-standing solid films but these can only be used as solid SERS substrates if the process leaves the surface nanoparticles exposed. Here, we review the progress made in these research areas and discuss how these developments may lead towards achieving rational construction of tailored SERS substrates for sensitive and quantitative SERS analysis.
Ciz1 promotes mammalian DNA replication (2004)

Using a cell-free system that reconstitutes initiation of mammalian DNA replication, we identified a cyclin A-responsive protein, p21(Cip1)-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Ciz1). In cell-free experiments, Ciz1 protein increases the number of nuclei that initiate DNA replication, and in intact cells GFP-tagged Ciz1 stimulates DNA synthesis, in both a wild-type and a p21(Cip1) null background. Furthermore, mutation of a putative cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation site at threonines 191/2 alters Ciz1 activity in vitro, indicating that this site plays a role in regulating Ciz1. Consistent with a role in DNA replication, endogenous Ciz1 is present in nuclear foci that co-localize with PCNA during S phase, and targeted depletion of Ciz1 transcripts restrains cell proliferation by inhibiting entry to S phase. Ciz1-depleted cells accumulate with chromatin bound Mcm3 and PCNA but fail to synthesize DNA efficiently. These cell-based and cell-free experiments suggest that Ciz1 functions to promote DNA replication after replication complex formation. Finally, alternatively spliced forms of Ciz1 occur in embryonic cells from mouse and man, raising the possibility that Ciz1 splicing contributes to the regulation of DNA replication during development.
The effects of supplementing growing finishing swine diets with betaine and (or) choline on growth and carcass characteristics (1994)

Eighty crossbred gilts (initially 134 lb) were used in a growth assay to evaluate the effects of supplementing finishing pig diets with betaine and (or) choline on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Betaine at 0 or 1000 ppm and choline at 0 or 100 ppm were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in eight randomized complete blocks. A fifth treatment, 1000 ppm betaine from a liquid, 16 carbon betaine (Lonzaine 16, distributed by Lonza, lnc., Fair Lawn, NJ), was added to further evaluate the efficacy of another form of betaine. Pigs were blocked by weight and ancestry and allotted to one of the five dietary treatments. The corn-soybean meal based experimental diets were formulated to .75% lysine, .65% Ca, and .55% P. Pigs fed the diet supplemented with betaine had higher ADG than pigs fed the control diet. The pigs fed the diet with added choline had poorer feed efficiencies and lower growth rates than pigs fed the other diets. When pigs were slaughtered at 230 lb, the pigs fed the diet with added betaine tended to have larger loin muscle areas (LMA) than the pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, further research into the mechanisms of betaine use is needed because of the different responses that betaine has elicited in various research trials. The cost of betaine must be low enough to reap the benefits of supplementing betaine in finishing swine diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1994
Fibrillin, a new 350-kD glycoprotein, is a component of extracellular microfibrils. (1986)

A new connective tissue protein, which we call fibrillin, has been isolated from the medium of human fibroblast cell cultures. Electrophoresis of the disulfide bond-reduced protein gave a single band with an estimated molecular mass of 350,000 D. This 350-kD protein appeared to possess intrachain disulfide bonds. It could be stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, and after metabolic labeling, it contained [3H]glucosamine. It could not be labeled with [35S]sulfate. It was resistant to digestion by bacterial collagenase. Using mAbs specific for fibrillin, we demonstrated its widespread distribution in the connective tissue matrices of skin, lung, kidney, vasculature, cartilage, tendon, muscle, cornea, and ciliary zonule. Electron microscopic immunolocalization with colloidal gold conjugates specified its location to a class of extracellular structural elements described as microfibrils. These microfibrils possessed a characteristic appearance and averaged 10 nm in diameter. Microfibrils around the amorphous cores of the elastic fiber system as well as bundles of microfibrils without elastin cores were labeled equally well with antibody. Immunolocalization suggested that fibrillin is arrayed periodically along the individual microfibril and that individual microfibrils may be aligned within bundles. The periodicity of the epitope appeared to match the interstitial collagen band periodicity. In contrast, type VI collagen, which has been proposed as a possible microfibrillar component, was immunolocalized with a specific mAb to small diameter microfilaments that interweave among the large, banded collagen fibers; it was not associated with the system of microfibrils identified by the presence of fibrillin.
Aggregation kinetics of a simulated telechelic polymer (2011)

We investigate the aggregation kinetics of a simulated telechelic polymer gel. In the hybrid molecular dynamics (MD)/Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm, aggregates of associating end groups form and break according to MC rules, while the position of the polymers in space is dictated by MD. As a result, the aggregate sizes change over time. In order to describe this aggregation process, we employ master equations. They define changes in the number of aggregates of a certain size in terms of reaction rates. These reaction rates indicate the likelihood that two aggregates combine to form a large one, or that a large aggregate splits into two smaller parts. The reaction rates are obtained from the simulations for a range of temperatures. Our results indicate that the rates are not only temperature dependent, but also a function of the sizes of the aggregates involved in the reaction. Using the measured rates, solutions to the master equations are shown to be stable and in agreement with the aggregate size distribution, as obtained directly from simulation data. Furthermore, we show how temperature-induced variations in these rates give rise to the observed changes in the aggregate distribution that characterizes the sol-gel transition.
2015欧洲粉末冶金大会的金属增材制造：高温合金、粉末雾化、喷墨和激光金属沉积工艺的进展 (2016)

2015欧洲粉末冶金会议于2015年10月4—7日在法国兰斯（Reims）举行。本届大会报告的第二部分是关于金属增材制造的进展，David博士就会议中有关金属增材制造的6篇论文作了报告。这些论文涵盖了IN939高温合金制件的热处理、Ni718高温合金粉末的生产、喷墨金属增材制造和激光金属沉积（LMD）生产齿轮的进展。
DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERWATER WELDING TECHNIQUES (1979)

The authors developed a locally drying system underwater welding process which enables underwater welding to be conducted by forming a stable gaseous zone around the welding part only with fluid curtain. The quality of weld obtained by this process is good, being little different from that obtained in an ordinary environment on land. In this paper, results of underwater welding tests conducted as an approach to the practical application of the new welding process are described. In the tests, large model blocks of a box type structure were sunk under the water, joined and welded. Also reported in this paper are a simple underwater repairing technique, examples of application of the process to underwater steel pipe welding and underwater inspection techniques such as radiographic and ultrasonic techniques.
Conjugate Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Rhodium(bisoxazolinylphenyl) Catalysts (2006)

α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes were selectively reduced using rhodium(bisoxazolinylphenyl) complexes to give exclusive 1,4-selectivity in the combination of alkoxyhydrosilanes.
Niemann-Pick type C1 protein influences the delivery of cholesterol to the SREBP: SCAP complex (2007)

The proposed role of Niemann-Pick type C1 protein (NPC1) in the delivery of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP):SREBP cleavage activation protein (SCAP) complex in the endoplasmic reticulum has been largely based on indirect studies and remains contentious. The major aim of the present study was to assess whether NPC1 is involved in the delivery of LDL cholesterol to the SREBP:SCAP complex. A cell line stably expressing green fluorescence protein-SCAP was cultured in the presence of U18666A, which can induce a Niemann-Pick type C disease phenotype, in order to locate the SREBP:SCAP complex by fluorescence microscopy. Our major finding was that defective NPC1 caused a delay in the ability of LDL cholesterol to suppress SREBP processing. This was shown in a time-course experiment by the effect of LDL on green fluorescence protein-SCAP movement when cells were treated with pharmacological agents to induce a Niemann-Pick type C disease phenotype. We demonstrated directly by fluorescence microscopy that defective NPC1 causes a delay in LDL cholesterol delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum where SCAP senses cholesterol.
<i>ProDy</i>: Protein Dynamics Inferred from Theory and Experiments (2011)

ProDy is open source and freely available under GNU General Public License from http://www.csb.pitt.edu/ProDy/.
PRESENSITIZATION AND CLINICAL KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (1974)

The effect of presensitization was studied in a consecutive series of 119 first cadaver renal transplants. Actuarial graft survival for the entire series was 76% at 1 year, 71% at 2 years, and 70% at 5 years after transplantation. Presensitized patients fared less well (53% graft survival for 2–5 years) than apparently nonsensitized patients (83 and 79% graft survival for 2 and 4 years, respectively). Analysis of subgroups of sensitized patients did not reveal a simple parallel relationship between the degree of presensitization (as expressed by the percentage of a random donor panel of lymphocytes reacting with the patients' pretransplant sera) and the outcome of the graft. With one exception, all patients with antibodies to >70% of the panel lost their grafts. However, the subgroup with antibodies to an intermediate percentage (29–48%) of the panel had a favourable course (76% had 5-year graft survival), only slightly inferior to that of nonsensitized patients, and better than that of patients reacting to < 25% of a panel. Although graft loss in presensitized patients appeared to be confined to patients with mismatch-specific antigraft antibodies, a substantial number of such patients, and also of patients experiencing the accelerated rejection syndrome (in whom antigraft antibodies were operationally significant) fared very well after transplantation. Identification of the mechanism involved, and the ability to predict the outcome in the individual case, would not only be of considerable theoretical interest, but could have a marked practical effect on any clinical transplantation programme.
Christian Mysticism and Australian Poetry (2013)

Christian Mysticism and Australian Poetry, by Toby Davidson. Amherst, New York: Cambria, 2013, 283 pp. $109.99 ISBN 978-1-60497-844-5 (hbk) http://www.cambriapress.com/cambriapress.cfm?template=25b (2) the poet uses the language and tropes of mysticism; or (3) the poem fulfils the conditions of 'mystical expression' (9). These principles allow Davidson to make a number of claims for his subjects: Ada Cambridge is this country's first major mystical poet; John Shaw Neilson (along with Christopher Brennan) 'established the popular basis for an Australian Christian mysticalpoetic tradition' influenced by Yeats, Hopkins and Mallarme (116); and Francis Webb's 'The Canticle' is the first time an Australian mystical poet 'dramatises and expands the works of a poetic mystic [Francis of Assisi] in a prodigious expression of cataphatic vision and divine union beyond knowledge and language' (135). …
A review of III–V planar nanowire arrays: selective lateral VLS epitaxy and 3D transistors (2017)

Nanowires have long been regarded as a promising architecture for beyond Si CMOS logic, future III–V RF electronics, next generation optoelectronic applications, as well as heterogeneous integration. The inherent 3D structure also enables new device concepts that are otherwise not accessible with conventional technology. Nanowires grown using bottom-up epitaxial methods such as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are free of ion-induced damage, which is especially critical for III–V because of the irreversibility of such damage, and can be scaled to dimensions smaller than lithographically defined. The challenges for nanowire based devices have been the controllability and compatibility with Si CMOS manufacturing. The discovery of parallel arrays of planar III–V nanowire growth mode provides an in-plane nanowire configuration that is perfectly compatible with existing planar processing technology for industry. The selective lateral epitaxy nature guided by the metal nanoparticles via the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism opens up a new paradigm of crystal growth and consequently enabled in situ lateral and radial junctions. In this article, we review the planar nanowire based transistor development, particularly, planar III-As compound semiconductor based transistors enabled by this bottom-up self-assembled selective lateral VLS mechanism. We first review the characteristics and mechanism of planar nanowire growth, then focus on the growth, fabrication, and DC and RF performance of metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors, metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, and high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), before providing our perspective on future development.
UV-B-Induced Inhibition of Photosystem II Electron Transport Studied by EPR and Chlorophyll Fluorescence. Impairment of Donor and Acceptor Side Components (1996)

Inhibition of photosystem II electron transport by UV-B radiation has been studied in isolated spinach photosystem II membrane particles using low-temperature EPR spectroscopy and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. UV-B irradiation results in the rapid inhibition of oxygen evolution and the decline of variable chlorophyll fluorescence. These effects are accompanied by the loss of the multiline EPR signal arising from the S2 state of the water-oxidizing complex and the induction of Signal IIfast originating from stabilized Try-Z+. The EPR signals from the QA-Fe2+ acceptor complex, Tyr-D+, and the oxidized non-heme iron (Fe3+) are also decreased during the course of UV-B irradiation, but at a significantly slower rate than oxygen evolution and the multiline signal. The decrease of the Fe3+ signal at high g values (g = 8.06, g = 5.6) is accompanied by the induction of another EPR signal at g = 4.26 that arises most likely from the same Fe3+ ion in a modified ligand environment. UV-B irradiation also affects cytochrome b-559. The g = 2.94 EPR signal that arises from the dark- oxidized form is enhanced, whereas the light inducible g = 3.04 signal that arises from the photo-oxidizable population of cytochrome b-559 is diminished. UV-B irradiation also induces the degradation of the D1 reaction center protein. The rate of the D1 protein loss is slower than the inhibition of oxygen evolution and of the multiline signal but follows closely the loss of Signal IIslow, the QA-Fe2+ and the Fe3+ EPR signals, as well as the release of protein-bound manganese. It is concluded from the results that UV-B radiation affects photosystem II redox components at both the donor and acceptor side. The primary damage occurs at the water-oxidizing complex. Modification and/or inactivation of tyrosine-D, cytochrome b-559, and the QAFe2+ acceptor complex are subsequent events that coincide more closely with the UV-B-induced damage to the protein structure of the photosystem II reaction center.
RUG-II (Resource Utilization Group, Version II) impacts on long-term care facilities in New York. (1994)

This article observes changes during the first 5 years of Resource Utilization Group, Version II (RUG-II) system utilization by the New York State Department of Health (NYDOH) for Medicaid program reimbursement. Findings include a dramatic increase in the number of residents scoring in the highest intensity resident-care categories, a substantial increase in staffing and expenditures for rehabilitation therapies, and a possible negative impact on the financial performance of New York long-term care (LTC) facilities. RUG-II appears to have been successful in improving access to nursing homes for individuals with heavy-care needs and in encouraging the appropriate utilization of institutionalized skilled nursing care.
Novel Local Silicon-Gate Carbon Nanotube Transistors Combining Silicon-on-Insulator Technology for Integration (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> By taking advantage of the silicon-on-insulator technology and the <emphasis emphasistype="italic">in situ</emphasis> carbon nanotube (CNT) growth, new local silicon-gate carbon nanotube FETs (CNFETs) have been implemented in this paper. We propose an approach to integrate the CNFET onto the silicon CMOS platform for the first time. Individual device operation, batch fabrication, low parasitic capacitance, and better compatibility to the CMOS process were realized. The characteristics of the CNFETs are comparable to the state-of-the-art devices reported. The scaling effect, ambipolar conductance, Schottky barrier effect, and I–V characteristics noise were analyzed. The physical properties of the CNTs were also characterized. </para>
<p>Comparison of Relapse Prevention with 3 Different Paliperidone Formulations in Patients with Schizophrenia Continuing versus Discontinuing Active Antipsychotic Treatment: A Post-Hoc Analysis of 3 Similarly Designed Randomized Studies</p> (2020)

The lower percentage of relapse during active treatment and longer time to relapse after discontinuing active treatment with longer-duration antipsychotic formulations suggests the benefit of longer-acting over shorter-acting formulations, especially in patients susceptible to poor adherence.<b>Clinical trial registration:</b> paliperidone ER (NCT00086320), PP1M (NCT00111189), and PP3M (NCT01529515).