gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel two-component hybrid molecule regulates vascular morphogenesis of the <i>Arabidopsis</i> root (2000)

The developmental ontogeny of the vascular system (consisting of xylem, phloem and [pro]cambium) is poorly understood despite its central role in plant physiology. We show that in the Arabidopsis root meristem, xylem cell lineages are specified early, whereas phloem and procambium are established through a set of asymmetric cell divisions. These divisions require the WOODEN LEG (WOL) gene. The WOL gene encodes a novel two-component signal transducer with an unusual tandem arrangement of two receiver domains. It is expressed specifically in the vasculature from the early stages of embryogenesis on, consistent with a role as a sensor for vascular morphogenesis.
The <i>CMRF‐35H</i> gene structure predicts for an independently expressed member of an ITIM/ITAM pair of molecules localized to human chromosome 17 (2000)

The CMRF-35 monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope found on at least two cell surface molecules, differentially expressed by many leukocytes. These molecules, the CMRF-35H (9) and CMRF-35A (CMRF-35) antigens are both members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily with a single V-like Ig domain. The function of these molecules is unknown, however the presence of putative immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic domain of the CMRF-35H molecule suggests that this molecule may play a regulatory role in leukocyte function. The CMRF-35H and CMRF-35A molecules show several similarities to the family of molecules containing ITIM or immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activatory motifs (ITAM) suggesting that CMRF-35H/CMRF-35A may be new members of this family. This would further indicate that, like other ITIM/ITAM containing molecules, CMRF-35H/CMRF-35A will also play an important role in the immune response. To further characterize these molecules, we have isolated genomic clones for the CMRF-35H gene and determined its intron-exon organization. The gene spans approximately 12 kb and consists of seven exons. Furthermore, this gene has been mapped to chromosome 17 and thus is not linked to the known human ITIM containing genes which map to human chromosome 19 or the recently characterized molecule, NKp44, localized to human chromosome 6.
Flow Visualization Evaluation of Secondary Flow in a Centrifugal Blood Pump (1993)

To design a less hemolytic and more antithrombogenic centrifugal blood pump, secondary flow, i.e., vortex and turbulent flow, must be properly controlled. An irregular stream pattern is a cause of hemolysis, and good wash-out around the shaft minimizes thrombus formation. In this study, flow visualization methods were applied to evaluate secondary flow in a centrifugal blood pump. Correlation with results of in vitro hemolysis tests was investigated. Separation of the stream lines from the vanes and patterns implying the existence of vortices were observed in the impeller that showed high hemolysis. By adjustment of vane angles, these irregular patterns could be minimized, and hemolysis decreased as well. Using a similar technique, the flow pattern at the back of the impeller could be visualized, which enabled further investigation of the effects of secondary flow on thrombus formation. This flow visualization was effective in examining secondary flow patterns.
Photorefractive deamplification of additive signal-dependent noise (1993)

Nonlinear optical thresholding in the Fourier plane produces optically adaptive noise-cleaning masks that reduce additive signal-dependent noise, such as scalar multiplicative noise. We demonstrate the two-beam coupling artifact noise-reduction technique and achieve performance comparable to the Wiener filter.
Design and Characterization of Next-Generation Micromirrors Fabricated in a Four-Level, Planarized Surface-Micromachined Polycrystalline Silicon Process (1997)

This paper describes the design and characterization of several types of micromirror devices to include process capabilities, device modeling, and test data resulting in deflection versus applied potential curves. These micromirror devices are the first to be fabricated in the state-of-the-art four-level planarized polysilicon process available at Sandia National Laboratories known as the Sandia Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS Technology (SUMMiT). This enabling process permits the development of micromirror devices with near-ideal characteristics which have previously been unrealizable in standard three-layer polysilicon processes. This paper describes such characteristics as elevated address electrodes, individual address wiring beneath the device, planarized mirror surfaces using Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), unique post-process metallization, and the best active surface area to date. This paper presents the design, fabrication, modeling, and characterization of several variations of Flexure-Beam (FBMD) and Axial-Rotation Micromirror Devices (ARMD). The released devices are first metallized using a standard sputtering technique relying on metallization guards and masks that are fabricated next to the devices. Such guards are shown to enable the sharing of bond pads between numerous arrays of micromirrors in order to maximize the number of on-chip test arrays. The devices are modeled and then empirically characterized using a laser interferometer setup located at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. Unique design considerations for these devices and the process are also discussed.
Tunable Insertion of Uniform-Amplitude Multiple Coherent Lines into a Kerr Frequency Comb Using Nyquist Pulse Generation (2018)

We experimentally achieve tunable insertion of uniform-amplitude multiple coherent lines into a Kerr frequency comb. Coherent, flat lines with spacings of 7GHz and 6GHz are inserted into the Kerr combs with FSRs of 71.7GHz and 192GHz, respectively. The generated Nyquist pulses are compared to the theory.
Pharmacological restoration of transparency in cataract (2016)

Summary Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in the world, currently treatable only with surgery. The molecular chaperone α ‐crystallin helps to maintain the transparency of the crystallin lens. The soluble fraction of this protein decreases with aging, a phenomenon that is associated with presbyopia and age‐related cataract. Moreover, destabilizing mutations in α ‐crystallin are associated with early onset, hereditary cataract. We hypothesized that a ligand that binds and stabilizes α ‐crystallin may prevent its aggregation, representing a strategy for preventing or even treating cataract. We developed computational and experimental high‐throughput screening techniques to identify small molecule ligands for α ‐crystallin. These molecules prevented and reversed protein aggregation and improved lens transparency when dosed to mice with cataracts. The presentation will include a discussion of the potential of the molecular chaperone α ‐crystallin as a target for therapeutic intervention in cataracts. The safety, efficacy, bioavailability, and mechanism of the active compounds will be discussed, along with considerations of how a potential pharmacological intervention might complement the existing surgical treatment paradigm.
Graphene Aerogels (2009)

We have demonstrated for the first time the creation of graphene oxide and graphene-based carbon aerogels by freeze-drying of graphite oxide/water dispersion. The graphene oxide aerogel consists of sheet-like nanocarbon structures, and could be significantly reinforced by small amounts of water soluble polymers. Controlled thermal treatments reduce graphene oxide to graphene and restore the electrical conductivity of the graphene aerogel. The graphene aerogels are electrically conducting, with extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio, could outperform conventional carbon aerogels for applications such as sensors, actuators, high performance polymer nanocomposites, and electrochemical applications such as porous electrodes for batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors.
Rethinking the optimal methods for vector analysis of astigmatism (2020)

ASSORT's univariate analysis of astigmatic vectors can be unpredictably erroneous and misleading. Recommended vector analyses should include double-angle plots with centroids and confidence ellipses of preoperative and postoperative astigmatism and the prediction errors, along with means and standard deviations of these vector magnitudes.
Highly Efficient Encapsulation of Ingredients in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Capsules Using a Superoleophobic Material (2017)

Increasing the efficiency of encapsulation of ingredients into spherical capsules can decrease the manufacturing costs of the capsules. Ingredients can be encapsulated with high efficiency (>99%) into nondegradable hard resin capsules prepared by polymerization of spherical droplets of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) monomer placed on a superoleophobic material. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin is a more versatile capsule material than poly-TRIM resin. In this study, the efficiency of encapsulation in PMMA resin capsules prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer was investigated. To reduce the volatility of the MMA monomer, pre-polymerized MMA was used for capsule preparation. Although non-volatile α-tocopherol and doxorubicin could be encapsulated in the capsules with high efficiency by heat polymerization at 60°C for 3 h, the efficiency for volatile tetradecane was much lower (approximately 60%) because it evaporated. Furthermore, even when using pre-polymerized MMA, more than 70% of the prepolymer evaporated during polymerization. To prevent the evaporation of tetradecane and the prepolymer, ultraviolet photopolymerization was adopted because it was faster and could be conducted at a lower temperature. The photopolymerization prevented the evaporation of the prepolymer and increased the efficiency of encapsulation of tetradecane (approximately 90% efficiency). This polymerization system is effective for encapsulation of ingredients in PMMA capsules with high efficiency.
Insider: Towards Breaking Down Mobile App Silos (2015)

User data is siloed in mobile apps today. Where one app may hold the user’s flight booking, another app the user’s cab reservation, with little data sharing between the two, resulting in a fragmented user experience. For instance, if a user, who has just booked a flight using one app, wishes to pre-book a cab from the airport, they would have to do so by manually re-entering the data from the flight app (e.g., location, date, time) into the cab app. To enable the user to retake control of their in-app data, the Insider platform extracts structured user data from the presentation layer of arbitrary apps, without any modifications to the app code or binary, and makes it easy for such data to be shared across apps, when the user so desires. At its core, ordinary users create and share models for the apps they care about; the app model relates the data from the presentation layer of the app to attributes in a task template, which corresponds to the specific tasks users perform in the app (e.g., booking a flight). At runtime, Insider combines the app model with the raw stream from the presentation layer to produce structured and semantically-meaningful information. Insider then publishes this information through a set of APIs, enabling creation of novel apps that could not have been built previously. For example, we prototype the automatic population of information in a cab app after a flight booking as well as three other such novel apps that rely on cross-app data sharing. Finally, we report on a detailed evaluation of running Insider on 150 apps across 11 categories. We show that we are able to successfully extract 83% of the key attributes (e.g., UI widget corresponding to source airport) from these apps. Further, we also track app version changes during a 6 month period from Sep 2014 to Mar 2015 and find that even though 40% of apps were updated, only 6% of apps required rebuilding of the app model.
An effective built-in self-test scheme for parallel multipliers (1999)

An effective built-in self-test (BIST) scheme for parallel multipliers (array and tree) is proposed. The new scheme combines the advantages of deterministic and pseudorandom testing and avoids their drawbacks. No modifications to the multiplier structure are required. A guaranteed very high fault coverage of a comprehensive cellular fault model is achieved. The results do not depend either on the gate-level implementation of the multiplier cells or the architecture of the multiplier (whether it is a carry-propagate or carry-save array multiplier or a tree multiplier) or on the multiplier size. A small deterministic test set of highly regular test vectors is used which exploits the inherent regularity of the multiplier architecture. The regularity of the test vectors allows for their on-chip generation with a very small hardware overhead, which is equivalent to the hardware overhead of pseudorandom testing.
Fast axial laser circulating system (1990)

This patent describes a fast axial flow folded resonator cavity. It comprises: a resonator mirror mounting member; a high reflector resonator mirror mounted to the resonator mirror mounting member; a resonator output mirror mounted to the resonator mirror mounting member positioned substantially parallel with respect to the high reflector resonator mirror; a retroreflector mounting member positioned opposite to the resonator mirror mounting member. The retroreflector mounting member including first, second and third planar mounting surfaces; at least two substantially parallel discharge-confining bore tubes extending from the resonator mirror mounting member to the retroreflector mounting member. The parallel discharge-confining bore tubes providing parallel beam paths; and first, second and third fold mirrors mounted to the first, second and third planar surfaces of the retroreflector mounting member and adapted to fold the beam paths substantially 180 degrees with respect to each other while providing angular stability for rotations of the retroreflector mounting member in any direction has been changed to a first plane defined by the parallel beam paths, and angular stability in second and third planes which are substantially orthogonal to the first plane.
Functional optical coherent imaging platform for medical application e.g. neurosurgery, has active camera unit that captures image of specific region of test subject after transmitting stimulus signals (2010)

The present invention relates to a functional optical coherent imaging (fOCI) platform comprising at least one active camera unit (ACU) comprising a coherent and/or a partially coherent light source, and means for spectral filtering and imaging a selected body area of interest; an image processing unit (IPU) for pre-processing data received from an ACU; at least one stimulation unit (STU) transmitting a stimulation to a subject; at least one body function reference measurement unit (BFMU); a central clock and processing unit (CCU), with interconnections to the ACU, the IPU, the STU, for collecting pre-processed data from the IPU, stimuli from the STU body function reference data from the BFMU in a synchronized manner; a post-processing unit (statistical analysis unit, SAU); and an operator interface (HOI). Further the invention relates to a process for acquiring stimuli activated subject data comprising the steps of aligning a body function unit at a subject and monitoring pre-selected body function; selecting a stimulus or stimuli; imaging a body area of interest; exerting one or a series of stimuli on the subject; imaging the body area of interest synchronous with said stimuli and the preselected body functions; and transferring said synchronized image, stimuli and body function data to a statistical analysis unit (SAU) and performing calculations to generate results pertaining to body functions.
Mapping of protein-protein interactions within the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex (1999)

In mammalian cells, the Ku and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) proteins are required for the correct and efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Ku comprises two tightly-associated subunits of approximately 69 and approximately 83 kDa, which are termed Ku70 and Ku80 (or Ku86), respectively. Previously, a number of regions of both Ku subunits have been demonstrated to be involved in their interaction, but the molecular mechanism of this interaction remains unknown. We have identified a region in Ku70 (amino acid residues 449-578) and a region in Ku80 (residues 439-592) that participate in Ku subunit interaction. Sequence analysis reveals that these interaction regions share sequence homology and suggests that the Ku subunits are structurally related. On binding to a DNA double-strand break, Ku is able to interact with DNA-PKcs, but how this interaction is mediated has not been defined. We show that the extreme C-terminus of Ku80, specifically the final 12 amino acid residues, mediates a highly specific interaction with DNA-PKcs. Strikingly, these residues appear to be conserved only in Ku80 sequences from vertebrate organisms. These data suggest that Ku has evolved to become part of the DNA-PK holo-enzyme by acquisition of a protein-protein interaction motif at the C-terminus of Ku80.
A cascaded continuous-time ΣΔ modulator with 67dB dynamic range in 10MHz bandwidth (2004)

A 2-2 cascaded /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with continuous-time loop filters and 4b quantizers is presented. The dynamic range is 67dB in a 10MHz bandwidth at a 160MS/s with a full-scale input range of 200mV/sub rms/. Inherent anti-aliasing filtering is over 50dB. The 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS chip measures 1.7mm/sup 2/ and draws 68mA from a 1.8V supply.
Cones fabricated by 3D nanoimprint lithography for highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2010)

We demonstrated a cost-effective and deterministic method of patterning 3D cone arrays over a large area by using nanoimprint lithography (NIL). Cones with tip radius of less than 10 nm were successfully duplicated onto the UV-curable imprint resist materials from the silicon cone templates. Such cone structures were shown to be a versatile platform for developing reliable, highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. In contrast to the silicon nanocones, the SERS substrates based on the Au coated cones made by the NIL offered significant improvement of the SERS signal. A further improvement of the SERS signal was observed when the polymer cones were imprinted onto a reflective metallic mirror surface. A sub-zeptomole detection sensitivity for a model molecule, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethylene (BPE), on the Au coated NIL cone surfaces was achieved.
YAP Attenuates CD8 T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Response (2020)

YAP is a transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo signaling pathway that has largely been studied for its role in the regulation of organ size during development. Several studies have shown that YAP is upregulated in cancer cells, and more recently in the T regulatory (Treg) subset of CD4+ cells. These observations suggest that the transcriptional co-activator may promote tumor persistence and progression. Here, we report that YAP also plays an immunoinhibitory role in CD8 T cells, especially in activated cytotoxic cells usually found in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings add further rationale for the development and use of pharmacologic inhibitors of YAP to treat cancer.
Structural gene and complete amino acid sequence of <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i> collagenase (1992)

The DNA encoding the collagenase of Vibrio alginolyticus was cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. When the cloned gene was ligated to pUC18, the Escherichia coli expression vector, bacteria carrying the gene exhibited both collagenase antigen and collagenase activity. The open reading frame from the ATG initiation codon was 2442 bp in length for the collagenase structural gene. The amino acid sequence, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, revealed that the mature collagenase consists of 739 amino acids with an Mr of 81875. The amino acid sequences of 20 polypeptide fragments were completely identical with the deduced amino acid sequences of the collagenase gene. The amino acid composition predicted from the DNA sequence was similar to the chemically determined composition of purified collagenase reported previously. The analyses of both the DNA and amino acid sequences of the collagenase gene were rigorously performed, but we could not detect any significant sequence similarity to other collagenases.
Optical imaging of turbid media using independent component analysis: theory and simulation (2005)

A new imaging approach for 3-D localization and characterization of objects in a turbid medium using independent component analysis (ICA) from information theory is developed and demonstrated using simulated data. This approach uses a multisource and multidetector signal acquisition scheme. ICA of the perturbations in the spatial intensity distribution measured on the medium boundary sorts out the embedded objects. The locations and optical characteristics of the embedded objects are obtained from a Green's function analysis based on any appropriate model for light propagation in the background medium. This approach is shown to locate and characterize absorptive and scattering inhomogeneities within highly scattering medium to a high degree of accuracy. In particular, we show this approach can discriminate between absorptive and scattering inhomogeneities, and can locate and characterize complex inhomogeneities, which are both absorptive and scattering. The influence of noise and uncertainty in background absorption or scattering on the performance of this approach is investigated.
Formation of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) by Azotobacter vinelandii UWD (1992)

Azotobacter vinelandii UWD formed polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers containing beta-hydroxybutyrate and beta-hydroxyvalerate (HV) when grown in a medium containing glucose as the primary C source and valerate (pentanoate) as a precursor. Copolymer was not formed when propionate was added to the glucose medium but was formed when heptanoate, nonanoate, or trans-2-pentenoate was present. Optimal levels of HV were formed when valerate was added at the time of maximum PHA synthesis, although HV incorporation was not dependent on glucose catabolism. HV content in the polymer was increased from 17 to 24 mol% by adding 10 to 40 mM valerate to glucose medium, but HV insertion into the polymer occurred at a fixed rate. Similarly, the addition of valerate to a fed-batch culture of strain UWD in beet molasses in a fermentor produced 19 to 22 g of polymer per liter, containing 8.5 to 23 mol% HV after 38 to 40 h. The synthesis of HV in these cultures also occurred at a fixed rate (2.3 to 2.8 mol% h-1), while the maximum PHA production rate was 1.1 g liter-1 h-1. During synthesis of copolymer in batch or fed-batch culture, the yield from conversion of glucose into PHA (YP/S) remained at maximum theoretical efficiency (greater than or equal to 0.33 g of PHA per g of glucose consumed). Up to 45 mol% C source, but the PHA produced amounted to less than 1 g/liter. The combination of 30 mM valerate as a sole C source and 0.5 mM 4-pentenoate increased the HV content in the polymer to 52 mol%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)