gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrosensitization Increases Antitumor Effectiveness of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields <i>In Vivo</i> (2017)

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields are emerging as a new modality for tissue and tumor ablation. We previously reported that cells exposed to pulsed electric fields develop hypersensitivity to subsequent pulsed electric field applications. This phenomenon, named electrosensitization, is evoked by splitting the pulsed electric field treatment in fractions (split-dose treatments) and causes <i>in vitro</i> a 2- to 3-fold increase in cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to show the benefit of split-dose treatments for <i>in vivo</i> tumor ablation by nanosecond pulsed electric field. KLN 205 squamous carcinoma cells were embedded in an agarose gel or grown subcutaneously as tumors in mice. Nanosecond pulsed electric field ablations were produced using a 2-needle probe with a 6.5-mm interelectrode distance. In agarose gel, splitting a pulsed electric field dose of 300, 300-ns pulses (20 Hz, 4.4-6.4 kV) in 2 equal fractions increased cell death up to 3-fold compared to single-train treatments. We then compared the antitumor effectiveness of these treatments <i>in vivo</i>. At 24 hours after treatment, sensitizing tumors by a split-dose pulsed electric field exposure (150 + 150, 300-ns pulses, 20 Hz, 6.4 kV) caused a 4- and 2-fold tumor volume reduction as compared to sham and single-train treatments, respectively. Tumor volume reduction that exceeds 75% was 43% for split-dose-treated animals compared to only 12% for single-dose treatments. The difference between the 2 experimental groups remained statistically significant for at least 1 week after the treatment. The results show that electrosensitization occurs <i>in vivo</i> and can be exploited to assist <i>in vivo</i> cancer ablation.
Intraoperative beta probe: A device for detecting tissue labeled with positron or electron emitting isotopes during surgery (1994)

An intraoperative beta probe was designed, built, and tested for detection of radio-labeled malignant tissues that has the advantage of being selectively sensitive to beta while insensitive to gamma radiation. Since beta radiation (electrons or positrons) has a short range in tissue, this probe is ideal for detecting tracers in tumors at the surface of the surgical field. This probe contains a plastic scintillation detector sensitive to beta rays and to a lesser degree some background gamma rays. A second detector counts spurious gamma rays and allows for their subtraction from the activity measured by the first detector. Sensitivity of the dual probe for I-131 and F-18 was measured to be 108 counts/s/kBq (4000 counts/s/microCi). The dual-detector probe faithfully measured the 10:1 "tumor" to background ratio of radioactivity concentrations in a simulated environment of a tumor in the presence of intense background 511 keV photons. In another phantom experiment, simulating abdominal tumor deposits with various realistic I-131 radioactive concentrations, the probe was able to accurately identify tumors of approximately 50 mg with a tumor/normal radioactivity concentration of 3/1 in 10 s.
Development and Testing of MEMS Control Surfaces for High Speed Projectiles (2007)

An investigation into whether or not MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) would be a viable alternative to provide directional control of high-speed projectiles has been conducted. Where as conventional control systems make use of actuators to rotate canards or fins, these systems require larger, higher drag fins to counteract their aerodynamic effect, which could result in a significant loss in range, accuracy, and performance. Computational Fluid Dynamic analyses were conducted to verify that small perturbations in the flow can create macro-level forces capable of providing directional control to these projectiles. Presented herein are the results of these simulations as well as wind tunnel data validating the computational experiments. Additionally, a factorial experiment taking into account four different geometric variables defining the ramp was conducted in order to determine the key parameters affecting lift. The tests indicated that the ramp height and the distance of said ramp from the canard leading edge are the more influential parameters. With these results, an optimized configuration was developed which increased the lift coefficient by at least 36 percent.
Estimating operating conditions in a Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol overlay network (2010)

Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based peer-to-peer overlays are decentralized, scalable, and fault tolerant. However, due to their decentralized nature, it is very hard to know the state and prevailing operating conditions of a running overlay. If the system could figure out the operating conditions, it would be easier to monitor the system and re-configure it in response to changing conditions. Many DHT-based system such as the Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol (P2PSIP) would benefit from the ability to accurately estimate the prevailing operating conditions of the overlay. In this paper, we evaluate mechanisms that can be used to do this. We focus on network size, join rate, and leave rate. We start from existing mechanisms and show that their accuracy is not sufficient. Next, we show how the mechanisms can be improved to achieve a higher level of accuracy. The improvements we study include various mechanisms improving the accuracy of leave rate estimation, use of a secondary network size estimate, sharing of estimates between peers, and statistical mechanisms to process shared estimates.
Identification and characterization of new Δ-17 fatty acid desaturases (2012)

ω-3 fatty acid desaturase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via the oxidative desaturase/elongase pathways. Here we report the identification of three ω-3 desaturases from oomycetes, Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora sojae, and Phytophthora ramorum. These new ω-3 desaturases share 55 % identity at the amino acid level with the known Δ-17 desaturase of Saprolegnia diclina, and about 31 % identity with the bifunctional Δ-12/Δ-15 desaturase of Fusarium monoliforme. The three enzymes were expressed in either wild-type or codon optimized form in an engineered arachidonic acid producing strain of Yarrowia lipolytica to study their activity and substrate specificity. All three were able to convert the ω-6 arachidonic acid to the ω-3 eicosapentanoic acid, with a substrate conversion efficiency of 54-65 %. These enzymes have a broad ω-6 fatty acid substrate spectrum, including both C18 and C20 ω-6 fatty acids although they prefer the C20 substrates, and have strong Δ-17 desaturase activity but weaker Δ-15 desaturase activity. Thus, they belong to the Δ-17 desaturase class. Unlike the previously identified bifunctional Δ-12/Δ-15 desaturase from F. monoliforme, they lack Δ-12 desaturase activity. The newly identified Δ-17 desaturases could use fatty acids in both acyl-CoA and phospholipid fraction as substrates. The identification of these Δ-17 desaturases provides a set of powerful new tools for genetic engineering of microbes and plants to produce ω-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid, at high levels.
MMPP Attenuates Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth by Inhibiting the STAT3 DNA-Binding Activity <i>via</i> Direct Binding to the STAT3 DNA-Binding Domain (2017)

<b>Rationale:</b> Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a pivotal role in cancer biology. Many small-molecule inhibitors that target STAT3 have been developed as potential anticancer drugs. While designing small-molecule inhibitors that target the SH2 domain of STAT3 remains the leading focus for drug discovery, there has been a growing interest in targeting the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the protein. <b>Methods:</b> We demonstrated the potential antitumor activity of a novel, small-molecule (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol (MMPP) that directly binds to the DBD of STAT3, in patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft model as well as in NCI-H460 cell xenograft model in nude mice. <b>Results:</b> MMPP effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its DNA binding activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. It induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle- and apoptosis-regulating genes by directly binding to the hydroxyl residue of threonine 456 in the DBD of STAT3. Furthermore, MMPP showed a similar or better antitumor activity than that of docetaxel or cisplatin. <b>Conclusion:</b> MMPP is suggested to be a potential candidate for further development as an anticancer drug that targets the DBD of STAT3.
SiC super GTO thyristor technology development: Present status and future perspective (2011)

Power devices made on Silicon Carbide (SiC) are expected to offer significant advantages over silicon due to its unique material properties. For pulse power applications, SiC Gate Turn-Off thyristors (GTOs) have been pursued as a substitute for present silicon-based, pulsed-power switches. An update on the device's performance since the pulse work presented at the 2009 Pulse Power Conference is highlighted in this paper. Detailed reviews of the development history, state of the art, and future perspective for developing 15 kV SiC GTOs are provided. Two of the latest results are presented in this paper: (1) A novel termination, utilizing negative bevel termination, has been used in high voltage SiC GTOs, resulting in a blocking voltage of 12 kV, (2) For the first time, we have demonstrated large area optically triggered GTOs made on SiC with ultrafast turnon speed of 70 ns.
LatencySmasher: A Software-Defined Networking-Based Framework for End-to-End Latency Optimization (2019)

The centralized control capability of Software Defined Networking (SDN) presents a unique opportunity for enabling Quality of Service (QoS) routing. For delay sensitive traffic flows, a QoS mechanism requires efficiently computing path latency and minimizing controller's response time. At the core of the challenges is how to handle short term network state fluctuations in terms of congestion and latency while guaranteeing the end-to-end latency performance of networking services. In this paper, we present LatencySmasher, a systematic framework that considers active link latency measurements, efficient statistic estimate of network states, and fast adaptive path computation. We first implement LatencySmasher as an SDN controller application and then conduct extensive experimental studies on the Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI), a real-world distributed network testbed. Our performance evaluation shows that the proposed framework can find optimal end-to-end paths with minimum latency and significantly reduce the control overhead.
Nano-bridging: a massively parallel self-assembly technique for interconnecting nanowire sensors (2004)

Enormous manufacturing cost and technical complexity of continued shrinking of electronic devices through the conventional transformative "top-down" approach have motivated efforts worldwide to explore simpler alternatives. New nano-scale assembly technology, such as catalyzed or self-assembled growth of nanowires and quantum dots, may enormously benefit integrated circuit fabrication technique methods. In the recent past, semiconductor nanowire devices have exhibited many novel electronic, optical and chemical properties. Despite a significant progress in nanowire synthesis and many promising single device demonstrations, nanowire applications have been hindered by our incapability to incorporate them within ICs. Several research groups have demonstrated an approach of serially connecting metal electrodes to individual nanowires using costly and slow e-beam lithography and made considerable investigations of the nanowire devices. However, none of those are massively parallel and manufacturable interfacing techniques that are crucial for reproducible fabrication of dense, low-cost nanodevices. In this paper, we present a novel bridging techniques that can connect a large number of highly directional metal-catalyzed nanowire devices between two pre-fabricated electrodes. Two opposing vertical and electrically isolated semiconductor surfaces are fabricated using coarse optical lithography along with wet and dry etching. Lateral nanowires are then grown from one surface and epitaxially connected to the other, forming mechanically robust "nano-bridges". By forming the structure on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, the needed electrical isolation is achieved. The bridges are found to be mechanically robust and can resist significant force and chemical attacks. The technique, for the first time, can help access individual nanowire devices without using a nanoprobe or expensive lithography techniques. Using this novel bridging technique, novel nano-electronic and photonic devices can be designed and integrated with conventional circuits. The results will open doors to unprecedented device-density in integrated circuits, eventually making the nanowire based devices a commercial reality.
L<sub>1</sub> adaptive controller for multi-input multi-output systems in the presence of unmatched disturbances (2008)

L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> adaptive control architecture introduced in [1]–[4] ensures that the input and the output of an uncertain linear system track the input and output of a desired linear system during the transient phase, in addition to asymptotic tracking. In this paper, we extend the L1 adaptive controller to multi-input multi-output systems in the presence of unmatched time-varying disturbances. Simulation results illustrate the theoretical findings.
Compressive imaging via approximate message passing with wavelet-based image denoising (2014)

We consider compressive imaging problems, where images are reconstructed from a reduced number of linear measurements. Our objective is to improve over current state of the art compressive imaging algorithms in terms of both reconstruction error and runtime. To pursue our objective, we propose a compressive imaging algorithm that employs the approximate message passing (AMP) framework. AMP is an iterative signal reconstruction algorithm that performs scalar denoising of noisy signals. In this work, we apply an adaptive Wiener filter, which is a wavelet-based image denoiser, within AMP. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm improves over the state of the art in both reconstruction error and runtime.
Neutralizing and protective human monoclonal antibodies recognizing the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (2021)

Most human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 recognize the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain and block virus interactions with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. We describe a panel of human mAbs binding to diverse epitopes on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of S protein from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors and found a minority of these possessed neutralizing activity. Two mAbs (COV2-2676 and COV2-2489) inhibited infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant VSV/SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We mapped their binding epitopes by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and selection of functional SARS-CoV-2 S neutralization escape variants. Mechanistic studies showed that these antibodies neutralize in part by inhibiting a post-attachment step in the infection cycle. COV2-2676 and COV2-2489 offered protection either as prophylaxis or therapy, and Fc effector functions were required for optimal protection. Thus, natural infection induces a subset of potent NTD-specific mAbs that leverage neutralizing and Fc-mediated activities to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using multiple functional attributes.
A novel vibrational energy harvester with electric double layer electrets (2016)

We propose a new type of vibrational energy harvester with an electric double layer (EDL) electrets. Instead of using any external bias-voltage source or dielectric layer on top of the metal electrode to sustain EDL, we succeed to anchor the ions to polymer network to form the EDL electrets. By changing contact area between the EDL electrets and the electrode, large electric current is generated in the circuit. Owing to extremely large capacitance of the EDL electret, vibrational energy harvesters have the unique capability to leverage the high- density charge accumulation to the electrode and obtained current density becomes as high as 200 μA/cm2 with output voltage of 1V even with low frequency vibrations as low as 1 Hz.
Dermal carotenoid measurements via pressure mediated reflection spectroscopy (2012)

We describe a reflection-based method for the quantitative detection of carotenoid antioxidants in living human skin. The skin tissue site of interest is illuminated with broad-band white light spanning the spectral range from 350-850 nm and the spectral composition of the diffusively reflected light is analyzed in real time. Topical pressure is applied to temporarily squeeze blood out of the illuminated tissue volume. In this way the influence of oxy-hemoglobin on the reflection spectra is effectively reduced. After a short optical clearing time the carotenoid absorption becomes easily discernable in a 460-500 nm spectral window and its optical density can be calculated with high accuracy. Our empirical methodology provides a non-invasive rapid determination of skin carotenoid levels, can be used to monitor skin carotenoid concentration changes over time in response to carotenoid containing natural or supplemental diets, and is easily adaptable for applications in clinical and field settings.
Randomized clinical trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers (2007)

ISRCTN 06161544 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Word-Level ASL Recognition and Trigger Sign Detection with RF Sensors (2021)

Current research in the recognition of American Sign Language (ASL) has focused on perception using video or wearable gloves. However, deaf ASL users have expressed concern about the invasion of privacy with video, as well as the interference with daily activity and restrictions on movement presented by wearable gloves. In contrast, RF sensors can mitigate these issues as it is a non-contact ambient sensor that is effective in the dark and can penetrate clothes, while only recording speed and distance. Thus, this paper investigates RF sensing as an alternative sensing modality for ASL recognition to facilitate interactive devices and smart environments for the deaf and hard-of-hearing. In particular, the recognition of up to 20 ASL signs, sequential classification of signing mixed with daily activity, and detection of a trigger sign to initiate human-computer interaction (HCI) via RF sensors is presented. Results yield %91.3 ASL word-level classification accuracy, %92.3 sequential recognition accuracy, 0.93 trigger recognition rate.
53.1: Real‐time Binary Hologram Generation for High‐quality Video Projection Applications (2004)

Abstract Presenting visual information using binary‐phase holography has a number of advantages over conventional video projection techniques. However, acceptable image quality for video applications has yet to be realised. In addition, the computational complexity of hologram generation has precluded real‐time operation. The authors present a new approach to hologram generation and display which allows high‐quality images to be projected holographically, in real time.
Epididymal SPAM1 Is a Marker for Sperm Maturation in the Mouse1 (2006)

Sperm adhesion molecule 1 (SPAM1), is a glycosyl phoshatidylinositol-linked sperm membrane protein that is dually expressed in testis and epididymis. Epididymal SPAM1 is secreted in all three regions of the epididymis in all mammalian species studied, including humans. It shares the same molecular mass and neutral hyaluronidase activity as the testicular and sperm isoforms that are responsible for the penetration of the cumulus during fertilization. Using wild-type (W/T) sperm and those from mice homozygous for either a null (Spam1-/-) or mutant Spam1 allele, which results in decreased mRNA and protein, we demonstrate that sperm binding of epididymal SPAM1 occurs in vitro after exposure to W/T sperm-free epididymal luminal fluid (ELF). Binding or adsorption that occurred after incubation at room temperature or 32 degrees C was detected immunocytochemically and confirmed quantitatively using flow cytometry. The localization of SPAM1 on the plasma membrane of Spam1-null sperm mimicked that seen in the W/T. The remarkable increase in binding on W/T caudal sperm indicates that they are not fully saturated with SPAM1 during storage, and suggests that uptake of epididymal SPAM1 in vivo augments testicular SPAM1. Spam1-null sperm exposed to W/T ELF for 45-60 min during in vitro capacitation to allow epididymal SPAM1 binding showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) increase in cumulus penetration after 6-7 h compared to those incubated in ELF from null males. Similarly, the number of cumulus-free oocytes was also highly significantly greater (P < 0.001) than that for sperm capacitated in W/T SPAM1-antibody-inhibited ELF. Because epididymal SPAM1 uptake significantly increases cumulus penetration, we conclude that it is a marker of sperm maturation.
Multi-Core Fibers for High Capacity Transmission (2012)

Various approaches for suppressing inter-core crosstalk of multi-core fiber and state-of-the-art low-crosstalk multi-core fiber feasible to ultra-long-haul transmission are reviewed. Additionally, preferable way to improve spatial spectral efficiency is discussed.
New optical security device based on one-hundred-year-old photographic technique (1999)

A new optical security application of an old color photographic technique (Lippmann photography, invented in 1891) is presented. To- day, this type of photography can be applied as a unique security device on security documents, such as, e.g., identification cards, passports, credit cards, and other documents where a high degree of security is needed. A Lippmann photograph is very similar to the holograms cur- rently used in this field; however, a unique recording of each document can be made to achieve a degree of security higher than that with mass- produced holograms. The recording of Lippmann photographs requires a special type of photosensitive medium in contact with a reflecting layer. Panchromatic photopolymer materials can be used and, after being re- corded and processed, laminated to security documents. A special type of recording equipment is required. Lippmann photographs are virtually impossible to copy and, certainly, cannot be copied by conventional pho- tography or color copying machines. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumen- tation Engineers. (S0091-3286(99)00301-3)
Path independence for authentication in large-scale systems (1997)

Authenticating the source of a message in a large distributed system can be difficult due to the lack of a single authority that can tell for whom a channel speaks. This has led many to propose the use of a path of authorities, each able to authenticate the next in the path, such that the first in the path can be authenticated by the message recipient and the last can authenticate the message source. In this paper we suggest the use of multiple paths to provide redundant confirmation of the message source, and focus on two related notions of path independence that seem to bolster authentication. We formalize the problems of locating maximum sets of paths with these independence properties in a graph-theoretic framework, give evidence that they are not polynomial-time solvable, and propose approximation algorithms for these problems. We also introduce PathServer for PGP, a service for fmding sets of such paths to support authentication in PGP applications.