gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative spectroscopic determination of hemoglobin concentration and saturation in a turbid medium: analysis of the effect of water absorption (1997)

The contribution of water to the quantitative determination of hemoglobin concentration and saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy in turbid media was investigated. The study consisted of in vitro measurements of an aqueous suspension containing Liposyn, bovine blood, and yeast buffered at pH 7.2. The optical coefficients of the medium (ma;0.03 to 0.08 cm−1, ms8 ; 6 cm−1 at wavelengths of 715 and 825 nm) were similar to those of biological tissue in the near-infrared, and the hemoglobin concentration was about 23 mM. It was possible to reversibly saturate and desaturate hemoglobin in the full range of 0 to 100% by flowing either oxygen or nitrogen through the suspension. In these experimental conditions, water absorption must be taken into account to obtain accurate oxyhemoglobin concentrations and low hemoglobin saturation values. By contrast, the water correction has a small effect on the determination of deoxyhemoglobin concentration and high hemoglobin saturation values. By extrapolating the result to physiological conditions, where water content is lower and hemoglobin content is higher than in the experimental conditions, it was concluded that water absorption should have a smaller effect on the determination of hemoglobin concentrations and saturation in tissues at the wavelengths used in this study. In particular, for hemoglobin concentrations larger than 100 mM, the water correction is less than 5% at saturation values higher than 50%.
Effect of Manganese Ions on the Fermentative Activity of Frozen‐Thawed Lactobacilli (1985)

The lactic acid fermentation of monoand disaccharides by frozenthawed Lactobacillus plantarum in modified All Purpose Tween (MAPT) broth was stimulated by manganese ions (Mn 2+ ). Beaker sausage formulated with either dextrose or sucrose attained pH 5.0 faster with Mn 2+ . L. plantarum frozen stored for 2 wk was stimulated by Mn 2+ more than the same culture frozen stored for 2 yr. The fermentation period of sucrose with Mn 2+ was shorter than that of dextrose. CaC12 (as a substitute for NaCI) and Mn 2+ reduced the fermentation period more than NaCI. The fermentation of dextrose by L. lactis was reduced the most by Mn 2+ , followed by L. casei subspecies casei, L. plantarum and L. casei subsp. alactosus. Calcium ions were not efficient in reducing the fermentation time of dextrose by lactobacilli in summer sausage.
Sand Consolidation by Enzyme Mediated Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (2020)

Abstract Sand production from poorly consolidated reservoir formations has been a persistent problem in the petroleum industry. Sand production can cause erosion and corrosion to downhole and surface equipment's and loss of production. Several technologies are used to reduce sand production effects and subsequently maintain well production and safe operations. Such techniques include completion techniques, and in-situ chemical consolidation methods. The enzyme urease induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a reversible and environmentally friendly technique that can be used for sand consolidation. In EICP, urease enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of urea in an aqueous solution, which results in ammonia and carbonic acid production. In the presence of calcium ions, the carbonate ions precipitate as calcium carbonate. It has been reported that urease enzyme starts losing its activity above 65 °C and thus this technology can only be applied in reservoirs with temperatures up to 65 °C. This study addresses an improved EICP method where protein is added and the technique can be applicable at high temperature reservoirs. Two EICP solutions were prepared, EICP control solution (solution 1) which contains urease enzyme, calcium chloride and urea and modified EICP solution (solution 2) which consists of urease enzyme, calcium chloride, urea and protein. Test specimens were made by mixing sand with EICP solution and allowed to cure at different temperatures ranging from 25°C to 130 °C. Additionally, XRD analysis was performed to identify the type of calcium carbonate polymorph. SEM imaging was carried out to visualize the morphology of the calcium carbonate precipitation in the sand specimens. Specimens treated with the solution containing protein (solution 2) had a high consolidation strength. As the temperature increases the strength of consolidation decreases in specimens treated with solution 2 and 1. However, the strength of consolidation of specimens treated with solution 2 that contains protein was considerably greater at all temperatures (up to 130 °C), than the strength of specimens treated with solution 1. Moreover, XRD analysis revealed that 70% of the calcium carbonate polymorph in solution 2 was calcite (which is the most stable polymorph). SEM images show that in the specimens treated with solution 2 the calcium carbonate precipitates at inter-particle contacts. The impact of these results include the use of the EICP protein technique as a downhole sand consolidation method in high temperature reservoirs. Furthermore, the addition of protein in the EICP solution can lead to a reduction in the concentration of substrate and enzyme required to achieve sand consolidation, and subsequently reduction in undesirable ammonium chloride. These advantages enhance the potential use of the EICP protein system for sand consolidation in high temperature reservoirs.
A Stochastic Approach for Trust Management (2006)

Business collaborations in Virtual Organisations (VOs) demand sound security infrastructures to achieve acceptance from industry. It becomes apparent that in dynamic environments requiring swift decisions as well as quickly adapted and connected applications, traditional hard security e.g. based on static access control is no longer able to cope with security alone to meet the collaboration objective. Soft security based on trust management, e.g. provided by a reputation system, is able to address those requirements dealing with previously unknown entities and hereby complement, but not replace, established static hard security. This paper introduces a novel approach and proposed architecture for a trust management system providing reputation, rooting trust in a collaborating entity’s inherently characterizing trust parameters. Those parameters are stochastically modelled aiming at capturing the real parameter’s behaviour and aggregated with stochastic system theory. This approach is believed to retain the quality of a model with implicit semantic behaviour of trust parameters from the root of trust, the observed parameters, to the aggregated reputation provided as decision support to applications.
Two‐Layered and Stretchable e‐Textile Patches for Wearable Healthcare Electronics (2018)

Wearable healthcare systems require skin-adhering electrodes that allow maximal comfort for patients as well as an electronics system to enable signal processing and transmittance. Textile-based electronics, known as "e-textiles," is a platform technology that allows comfort for patients. Here, two-layered e-textile patches are designed by controlled permeation of Ag-particle/fluoropolymer composite ink into a porous textile. The permeated ink forms a cladding onto the nanofibers in the textile substrate, which is beneficial for mechanical and electrical properties of the e-textile. The printed e-textile features conductivity of ≈3200 S cm<sup>-1</sup> , whereas 1000 cycles of 30% uniaxial stretching causes the resistance to increase only by a factor of ≈5, which is acceptable in many applications. Controlling over the penetration depth enables a two-layer design of the e-textile, where the sensing electrodes and the conducting traces are printed in the opposite sides of the substrate. The formation of vertical interconnected access is remarkably simple as an injection from a syringe. With the custom-developed electronic circuits, a surface electromyography system with wireless data transmission is demonstrated. Furthermore, the dry e-textile patch collects electroencephalography with comparable signal quality to commercial gel electrodes. It is anticipated that the two-layered e-textiles will be effective in healthcare and sports applications.
Arabidopsis Type III Gγ Protein AGG3 Is a Positive Regulator of Yield and Stress Responses in the Model Monocot Setaria viridis (2018)

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are key regulators of a multitude of growth and development pathways in eukaryotes. Along with the conserved G-protein components found in all organisms, plants have certain novel variants with unique architecture, which may be involved in the regulation of plant-specific traits. The higher plant-specific type III (or Class C) Gγ protein, which possesses a large C terminal extension, represented by AGG3 in Arabidopsis, is one such variant of canonical Gγ proteins. The type III Gγ proteins are involved in regulation of many agronomically important traits in plants, including seed yield, organ size regulation, abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent signaling and stress responses, and nitrogen use efficiency. However, the extant data, especially in the monocots, present a relatively complex and sometimes contradictory picture of the regulatory role of these proteins. It remains unclear if the positive traits observed in certain naturally occurring populations are due to the presence of specific allelic variants of the proteins or due to the altered expression of the gene itself. To address these possibilities, we have overexpressed the Arabidopsis <i>AGG3</i> gene in the model monocot <i>Setaria viridis</i> and systematically evaluated its role in conferring agriculturally relevant phenotypes. Our data show that <i>AtAGG3</i> is indeed functional in Setaria and suggest that a subset of the traits affected by the type III Gγ proteins are indeed positively correlated with the gene expression level, while others might have more complex, allele specific regulation.
Stereocomplex Formation of High-Molecular-Weight Polylactide Using Supercritical Fluid (2009)

Stereocomplex polylactide has been known as one of the choices to enhance the properties of polylactides. Numerous studies have been carried out on stereocomplex formation and characterizations, but these have a limitation in the case of high-molecular-weight polylactides. The stereocomplex formation of high-molecular-weight polylactides was observed by supercritical CO2 in the presence of solvent. Furthermore, the addition of solvent increased the degree of stereocomplex formation. We evaluated the degree of stereocomplex formation as a function of pressures, solvent concentration, temperature, and times. The high degree of stereocomplex formation was achieved at 30% of dichloromethane, 350 bar, and 65 °C. Compared with the solution casting method, stereocomplex formation by supercritical CO2-solvent had a higher degree of stereocomplex formation, and dry product was obtained in situ. Significant improvements of thermal and mechanical properties have been assessed for the stereocomplex obtained by supercritical method compared with either the solution casting method or their homopolymers.
Trench transistor DRAM cell (1986)

A new one-transistor DRAM cell with both the transistor and the capacitor fabricated on the trench sidewalls is described. With the signal stored on the polysilicon node surrounded by oxide, the cell is expected to have a high alpha particle immunity. The cell occupies only 9 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using 1-µm design rules. This cell size is sufficiently small to enable a 4-Mbit DRAM of reasonable chip size with these design rules, and possesses further scalability for 16-Mbit DRAM's.
Fast approximate path coordinate motion primitives for autonomous driving (2017)

In autonomous driving, it is often useful to plan trajectories in a curvilinear coordinate frame with respect to a given reference curve, such as a path produced by a high-level route planner. In this domain, standard planning methods rely on expensive coordinate transformations or on solving computationally intensive boundary value problems for computing motion primitives between states. This work develops efficient, approximate path coordinate motion primitives appropriate for fast planning in autonomous driving scenarios. We gain a 1000x speed-up in primitive computation time relative to standard approaches at the loss of some precision with respect to the position along the reference line, which we statistically quantify. Motion primitive properties like path length, acceleration, and the reference line offset are exactly preserved.
P‐2: Re‐Crystallized Metal‐Induced Laterally Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon for System‐on‐Panel Applications (2000)

Abstract Metal‐induced lateral crystallization (MILC) has been promoted as an enabling polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) technology for system‐on‐panel (SOP) applications. It is reported presently that the recrystallization of MILC poly‐Si leads to significant improvement in material characteristics and device performance. Re‐crystallized metal‐induced unilaterally crystallized (RC‐MIUC) poly‐Si thin film transistors exhibit high mobility, low threshold voltage, steep sub‐threshold slope and low gate‐induced drain‐leakage, thus making them applicable to realizing high performance 3‐dimensional integrated circuits and SOPs.
Fault-tolerant bosonic quantum error correction with the surface–Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code (2020)

The performance of the circuit-based surface-GKP bosonic quantum error correction code under noise due to finite squeezing of the GKP states and photon losses is investigated. The authors show under what conditions fault-tolerant quantum error correction is possible with the surface-GKP code.
Microbending effects in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (2016)

We developed a model for the study of how microbends affect the operation of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers. Increased loss due to intermodal coupling is predicted. Preliminary experimental observations are in good agreement with the model’s predictions.
An automated model-based debugging approach (2007)

Program debugging is a difficult and time-consuming task. Our ultimate goal in this work is to help developers reduce the space of potential root causes for failures, which can, in turn, improve the turn around time for bug fixes. We propose a novel and very different approach. Rather then focusing on how a program behaves by analyzing its source code and/or execution traces, we concentrate on how it should behave with respect to a given behavioral model. We identify and verify slices of the behavior model, that, once implemented wrong in the program, can potentially lead to failures. Not only do we identify functional differences between the programand its model, but we also provide a ranked list of diagnoses which might explain (or be associated with) these differences. Our experiments suggest that the proposed approach can be quite effective in reducing the search space for potential root causes for failures
Design and performance of a new fluorometer for corneal autofluorescence measurement (1998)

An optical instrument for in-vivo corneal autofluorescence measurements in the human eye is described. This instrument measures corneal autofluorescence without burden to the patient. The corneal tissues are excited tangentially by wavelengths in the spectral region of 450 to 500 nm and the fluorescence emitted by the corneal tissue passing through a suitable set of barrier filters is collected by a miniature photomultiplier. Autofluorescence data are recorded in sixteen measurement cycles during a period of 10 seconds and the average value has been considered. The instrument demonstrates good safety characteristics.
Multi-joint actuation platform for lower extremity soft exosuits (2014)

Lower-limb wearable robots have been proposed as a means to augment or assist the wearer's natural performance, in particular, in the military and medical field. Previous research studies on human-robot interaction and biomechanics have largely been performed with rigid exoskeletons that add significant inertia to the lower extremities and provide constraints to the wearer's natural kinematics in both actuated and non-actuated degrees of freedom. Actuated lightweight soft exosuits minimize these effects and provide a unique opportunity to study human-robot interaction in wearable systems without affecting the subjects underlying natural dynamics. In this paper, we present the design and control of a reconfigurable multi-joint actuation platform that can provide biologically realistic torques to ankle, knee, and hip joints through lower extremity soft exosuits. Two different soft exosuits have been designed to deliver assistive forces through Bowden cable transmission to the ankle and hip joints. Through human subject experiments, it is demonstrated that with a real-time admittance controller, accurate force profile tracking can be achieved during walking. The average energy delivered to the test subject was calculated while walking at 1.25 m/s and actuated with 15% of the total torque required by the biological joints. The results show that the ankle joint received an average of 3.02J during plantar flexion and that the hip joint received 1.67J during flexion each gait cycle. The efficiency of the described suit and controller in transferring energy to the human biological joints is 70% for the ankle and 48% for the hip.
Orthodontics measurements using computer vision (2002)

Presents a system for computer assisted measurements of important orthodontic parameters. The system uses a modular approach to extract and recognize objects drawn from a visual world. This approach is implemented on the extraction of teeth from a 3D jaw model. The contribution of this work is part of a computer system that will replace manual methods used currently in orthodontics.
Cooperative Enhancement of Optical Quantum Gates (1997)

Nonlinear phase shifts at the two-photon level can be greatly enhanced by a cooperative effect involving pairs of atoms, which can give a phase shift proportional to the square of the number of atoms in a medium. This is a nonlocal quantum effect that does not exist for classical states of light. Cooperative effects of this kind may have practical applications in quantum computing.
Feasibility Analysis of an In-mold Multivariate Sensor (2011)

Abstract The initial design of a novel multivariate sensor is described for the measurement of melt temperature, melt pressure, melt velocity, melt viscosity, and mold temperature. Melt pressure and temperature are respectively obtained through the incorporation of a piezoceramic element and infrared photodetector within the sensor head. Melt velocity is derived from the initial response of the melt temperature as the polymer melt flows across the sensor's lens. The apparent melt viscosity is then derived from the melt velocity and the time derivative of the increasing melt pressure given the cavity thickness. The feasibility of the envisioned sensor is then analyzed using a production-grade mold that is instrumented with commercial piezoelectric pressure sensors, infrared pyrometer, and thermocouples. Several predictive models of part weight are developed using multiple regression of data obtained from a design of experiments to evaluate the capability of the envisioned multivariate sensor. The results indicate a correlation coefficient, R 2 , of 0.79 for a model based on the machine settings, 0.80 for a model based on a cavity pressure sensor, 0.90 for a model based on the multivariate sensor, and 0.98 for a non-linear model based on the multivariate sensor. The implication is that multiple orthogonal sensing streams with high fidelity models are necessary to provide automatic quality assurance sufficient for fully automated plastics manufacturing.
Low Complexity Parameter Estimation for the Multi-antenna Generalized Rake Receiver (2006)

We develop a parametric receiver for packet data systems based on the generalized Rake (G-Rake) formulation. The focus here is on multi-antenna receivers to exploit both the spatial and temporal dimensions in suppressing interference. We extend previous G-Rake formulations to multi-antenna reception and propose an adaptive, parametric form to handle the (potentially) rapid interference variation in packet data systems. This parametric form estimates an impairment covariance matrix using a model, and calculates the model parameters based solely on short-term received data. The parameter calculation involves least-squares fitting of a short-term estimated impairment covariance matrix to the model. Simulation of a two-antenna G-Rake receiver shows that significant gains in performance are possible in both the uplink and downlink
A reliable ordered delivery protocol for interconnected local area networks (2002)

We present-the Totem multiple-ring protocol, a novel reliable ordered multicast protocol for multiple interconnected local-area networks. The protocol exhibits excellent performance and maintains a consistent network-wide total order of messages despite network partitioning and remerging, or processor failure and recovery with stable storage intact. The Totem protocol is designed for fault-tolerant distributed systems, which replicate data to guard against failures and must ensure that replicated data remain consistent despite failures. The network-wide total order of messages provided by Totem simplifies the maintenance of consistency of replicated data, and, thus, eases the development of fault-tolerant distributed systems.
Cost-conscious impairment-aware routing (2004)

Abstract: We present a method for impairment-aware routing in transparent networks that allows constraint dependencies and objectives minimizing regeneration cost. The method is guaranteed to identify impairment-feasible paths when they exist and uses transponder resources efficiently.
Magnetic junction device useful as, e.g. sensor of magnetic field in magnetic recording, comprises magnetic layers of different anisotropy and center layer of doped magnesium oxide with metal or combination of metals as dopant (2006)

The present invention provides a low resistance high magnetoresistance (MR) device comprised of a junction of two magnetic elements separated by a magnesium oxide (MgO) layer doped with such metals as Al and Li. Such device can be used as a sensor of magnetic field in magnetic recording or as a storage element in magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The invention provides a high-MR device possessing a diode function, comprised of a double junction of two outer magnetic elements separated by two MgO insulating layer and a center MgO layer doped with such metals as Al and Li. Such device provides design advantages when used as a storage element in MRAM. The invention provides a three terminal logic device with MR wherein a gate electrode is placed in electrical or physical contact to the center layer of the double tunnel junction.
Eigen-Texture method: appearance compression and synthesis based on a 3D model (2001)

Image-based and model-based methods are two representative rendering methods for generating virtual images of objects from their real images. However, both methods still have several drawbacks when we attempt to apply them to mixed reality where we integrate virtual images with real background images. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a new method, which we refer to as the Eigen-Texture method. The proposed method samples appearances of a real object under various illumination and viewing conditions, and compresses them in the 2D coordinate system defined on the 3D model surface generated from a sequence of range images. The Eigen-Texture method is an example of a view-dependent texturing approach which combines the advantages of image-based and model-based approaches. No reflectance analysis of the object surface is needed, while an accurate 3D geometric model facilitates integration with other scenes. The paper describes the method and reports on its implementation.