gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIXED ALLOGENEIC RECONSTITUTION (A+B→A) TO INDUCE DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE (1991)

Mixed allogeneic reconstitution, in which a mixture of T-cell-depleted bone marrow of syngeneic host and allogeneic donor type is transplanted into a lethally irradiated recipient (A+B----A), results in mixed lymphopoietic chimerism with engraftment of a mixture of both host and donor bone marrow elements. Recipients are specifically tolerant to donor both in vitro and in vivo. Donor-specific skin grafts survive indefinitely when they are placed after full bone marrow repopulation at 28 days, while third-party grafts are rapidly rejected. To determine whether a delay of a month or more for full bone marrow repopulation is required before a donor-specific graft can be placed, we have now examined whether tolerance induction can be achieved if a graft is placed at the time of bone marrow transplantation. Permanent acceptance of donor-specific B10.BR skin grafts occurred when mixed allogeneic chimerism (B10+B10.BR----B10) was induced and a simultaneous allogeneic donor graft placed. In vitro, mixed reconstituted recipients were specifically tolerant to the B10.BR donor lymphoid cells but fully reactive to MHC-disparate third-party (BALB/c; H-2dd) when assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. These data therefore indicate that a donor-specific graft placed at the time of mixed allogeneic reconstitution is permanently accepted without rejection. To determine whether an allogeneic skin graft alone without allogeneic bone marrow would be sufficient to induce tolerance, syngeneic reconstitution (B10----B10) was carried out, and a simultaneous B10.BR allogeneic skin graft placed. Although skin grafts were prolonged in all recipients, all grafts rejected when full lymphopoietic repopulation occurred at 28 days. Taken together, these data suggest that allogeneic donor bone marrow elements are required for the induction and maintenance of donor-specific transplantation tolerance and that allogeneic skin grafts alone are not sufficient for tolerance induction.
<i>In vivo</i>characterization of regenerative peripheral nerve interface function (2016)

In vivo myoelectric RPNI activity encodes neural activation patterns associated with gait. Signal contamination from muscles adjacent to the RPNI is minimal, as demonstrated by the low amplitude signals obtained from the Denervated group. The periodicity and entrainment to gait of RPNI recordings suggests the transduced signals were generated via central nervous system control.
Time quilt (2005)

In the absence of manual organization of large digital photo collections, the photos ' visual content and creation dates can help support time-based visual search tasks. Current zoomable photo browsers are designed to support visual searches by maximizing screenspace usage. However, their space-filling layouts fail to convey temporal order effectively. We propose a novel layout called time quilt that trades off screenss-pace usage for better presentation of temporal order. In an experimental comparison of space-filling, linear timeline, and time quilt layouts, participants carried out the task of finding photos in their personal photo collections averaging 4,000 items. They performed 45% faster on time quilt.Furthermore, while current zoomable photo browsers are designed for visual searches,this support does not scale to thousands of photos: individual thumbnails become less informative as they grow smaller. We found a subjective preference for the use of representative photos to provide an overview for visual searches in place of the diminishing thumbnails.
Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazinoic Acid Hybrid Conjugates (2017)

Benzotriazole-activated pyrazinoic acid was utilized as a versatile building block for the efficient and convenient synthesis of novel hybrid conjugates of pyrazinoic acid with secondary amines via amino acid linkers in high yields.
Content-centric networking using anonymous datagrams (2016)

Using Interests (requests that elicit content) and maintaining per-Interest forwarding state in Pending Interest Tables (PIT) are integral to the design of the Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content-Centric Networking (CCNx) architectures. However, using PITs makes the network vulnerable to Interest-flooding attacks, and PITs can become very large. It is shown that in-network caching eliminates the need for Interest aggregation and obviates the use of PITs. A new approach to content-centric networking (CCN-GRAM) is introduced that provides all the benefits of NDN and CCNx, eliminates the use of PITs by means of anonymous datagrams, and is immune to Interest-flooding attacks. Routers maintain routes to the anonymous origins of Interests using an on-demand routing approach in the data plane that can also be used to provide native support for multicasting in the dat a plane. Simulation experiments show that the number of forwarding entries required in CCN-GRAM is orders of magnitude smaller than the number of PIT entries.
Silicon photonic wire devices for biosensing and communications (2010)

We review our work on silicon wire devices designed for evanescent field sensor arrays and ultra-compact dense optical comb filters, both taking advantage of a spiral cavity resonator design. Two sensor array configurations are described, and monitoring of biomolecular binding is demonstrated with a detection limit of 0.3 pg/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . On-chip temperature drift compensation is achieved by using a reference resonator. A novel grating coupler using subwavelength structures facilitates the coupling of light between the optical fiber and waveguide chips.
Microbial resistance: Novel screens for a contemporary problem (1999)

Historically, natural products have been the source of a large variety of antibacterial agents. In the 1980s, no additional useful antibacterial agents were discovered, leading to the belief that most useful chemotypes from natural product sources had already been discovered. At this time, advances in biotechnology made it feasible to produce sufficient enzyme to set up cell-free screens. Chemical compound libraries and combinatorial synthesis became the source of chemical diversity for the screens. In spite of these efforts, very few new antibacterial agents have been discovered in the last decade. At Small Molecule Therapeutics, Inc., we have developed phenotype-based screens that take advantage of the natural physiology and biochemistry of the target enzymes. We have developed a screen to identify bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV poisons. The "hits" identified in this screen are being characterized further. A second screen has also been developed against bacterial topoisomerase 1 in which compounds that cause DNA damage through their interaction with bacterial topoisomerase 1 have been identified. Three of the compounds identified in the screen inhibit DNA relaxation mediated by bacterial topoisomerase 1, induce DNA cleavage, are noncytotoxic at >10 microM, and have MICs of 4.0 microg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus.
Extraction and Optical Fluorescence Method for the Measurement of Trace Beryllium in Soils (2008)

Beryllium metal and beryllium oxide are important industrial materials used in a variety of applications in the electronics, nuclear energy, and aerospace industries. These materials are highly toxic, they must be disposed of with care, and exposed workers need to be protected. Recently, a new analytical method was developed that uses dilute ammonium bifluoride for extraction of beryllium and a high quantum yield optical fluorescence reagent to determine trace amounts of beryllium in airborne and surface samples. The sample preparation and analysis procedure was published by both ASTM International and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The main advantages of this method are its sensitivity, simplicity, use of lower toxicity materials, and low capital costs. Use of the technique for analyzing soils has been initiated to help meet a need at several of the U.S. Department of Energy legacy sites. So far this work has mainly concentrated on developing a dissolution protocol for effectively extracting beryllium from a variety of soils and sediments so that these can be analyzed by optical fluorescence. Certified reference materials (CRM) of crushed rock and soils were analyzed for beryllium content using fluorescence, and results agree quantitatively with reference values.
Dynamic wavefront shaping with an acousto-optic lens for laser scanning microscopy (2016)

Acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) arranged in series and driven with linearly chirped frequencies can rapidly focus and tilt optical wavefronts, enabling high-speed 3D random access microscopy. Non-linearly chirped acoustic drive frequencies can also be used to shape the optical wavefront allowing a range of higher-order aberrations to be generated. However, to date, wavefront shaping with AODs has been achieved by using single laser pulses for strobed illumination to 'freeze' the moving acoustic wavefront, limiting voxel acquisition rates. Here we show that dynamic wavefront shaping can be achieved by applying non-linear drive frequencies to a pair of AODs with counter-propagating acoustic waves, which comprise a cylindrical acousto-optic lens (AOL). Using a cylindrical AOL we demonstrate high-speed continuous axial line scanning and the first experimental AOL-based correction of a cylindrical lens aberration at 30 kHz, accurate to 1/35<sup>th</sup> of a wave at 800 nm. Furthermore, we develop a model to show how spherical aberration, which is the major aberration in AOL-based remote-focusing systems, can be partially or fully corrected with AOLs consisting of four or six AODs, respectively.
Lighting preference profiles of users in an open office environment (2017)

Offices are transforming into multi-user, open space environments to stimulate interaction between people and optimize the usage of space. Due to design practices, lighting systems in these multi-user environments are implemented as a regular grid of luminaires that often does not match the furniture layout. Consequently, purely personal control over general lighting is not achievable in most cases. As a result, a single luminaire affects several neighbouring desks, creating shared lighting controls and conditions. Therefore, providing satisfying lighting conditions to everyone becomes a challenge. This paper proposes a first method for modelling lighting preference profiles of users based on their control behaviour and preference information. Based on objective measurements and subjective data obtained in two field studies, users can be profiled based on their control behaviour, regarding characteristics as activeness, dominance, lighting tolerance, and dimming level preference. The results show significant differences between lighting preference profiles of users. This paper also proposes a first method for discovering and triggering submissive users to express their preferences in order to derive their profiles as accurate as possible. This will help to secure users' comfort by offering satisfying lighting conditions to their preference. By knowing the lighting preference profiles of users, the probability of conflict between users can be predicted and minimized.
FLOW OVER A POROUS STRUCTURE IN A SQUARE CAVITY: EFFECTS OF THE POROUS STRUCTURE SIZE AND POROSITY ON THE HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE AND FLUID PRESSURE LOSS (2015)

A porous structure around a heat generating body improves the heat transfer rates and increases the flow resistance in the forced-convection regime. Consequently, investigation into the heat transfer performance and the fluid pressure loss in the flow system employing a porous structure becomes essential. In the present study, the flow subjected to a porous structure around a heat generating body situated in a square cavity is considered. The effects of porosity and of the size of the porous structure on the heat transfer performance and flow resistance are examined. Air is used as a working fluid in the cavity and the heat generation in the solid body is kept the same for all the cases simulated. A numerical scheme is introduced to solve the governing equilibrium equations for the flow and heat transfer. It is found that increasing porosity and size of the porous structure enhance the heat transfer performance parameter and the flow resistance coefficient in the cavity. However, the increase in the heat transfer performance parameter is larger than in the flow resistance coefficient for a large area porous structure at high porosity.
High-dimensional similarity joins (2002)

Many emerging data mining applications require a similarity join between points in a high-dimensional domain. We present a new algorithm that utilizes a new index structure, called the /spl epsi/ tree, for fast spatial similarity joins on high-dimensional points. This index structure reduces the number of neighboring leaf nodes that are considered for the join test, as well as the traversal cost of finding appropriate branches in the internal nodes. The storage cost for internal nodes is independent of the number of dimensions. Hence, the proposed index structure scales to high-dimensional data. We analyze the cost of the join for the /spl epsi/ tree and the R-tree family, and show that the /spl epsi/ tree will perform better for high-dimensional joins. Empirical evaluation, using synthetic and real-life data sets, shows that similarity join using the /spl epsi/ tree is twice to an order of magnitude faster than the R/sup +/ tree, with the performance gap increasing with the number of dimensions. We also discuss how some of the ideas of the /spl epsi/ tree can be applied to the R-tree family. These biased R-trees perform better than the corresponding traditional R-trees for high-dimensional similarity joins, but do not match the performance of the /spl epsi/ tree.
Reduced-complexity decoding algorithm for low-densityparity-check codes (2001)

A new reduced-complexity decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check codes that operates entirely in the log-likelihood domain is presented. The computationally expensive check-node updates of the sum-product algorithm are simplified by using a difference-metric approach on a two-state trellis and by employing the dual-max approximation. The dual-max approximation is further improved by using a correction factor that allows the performance to approach that of full sum-product decoding.
<title>High-sensor-count Bragg grating instrumentation system for large-scale structural monitoring applications</title> (1996)

We describe an instrumentation system which provides the capability to monitor a large number of Bragg gratings using a common source and a scanning narrowband filter. The system described has the capability to monitor 12 FBG sensors along each of 5 fibers for a total of 60 sensor elements. We demonstrate the use of this system to address multiple sensors embedded in and attached to a quarter scale bridge span.
Two-Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Principles and Promises (2018)

Hybrid halide perovskites have become the "next big thing" in emerging semiconductor materials, as the past decade witnessed their successful application in high-performance photovoltaics. This resurgence has encompassed enormous and widespread development of the three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, spearheaded by CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>. The next generation of halide perovskites, however, is characterized by reduced dimensionality perovskites, emphasizing the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite derivatives which expand the field into a more diverse subgroup of semiconducting hybrids that possesses even higher tunability and excellent photophysical properties. In this Perspective, we begin with a historical flashback to early reports before the "perovskite fever", and we follow this original work to its fruition in the present day, where 2D halide perovskites are in the spotlight of current research, offering characteristics desirable in high-performance optoelectronics. We approach the evolution of 2D halide perovskites from a structural perspective, providing a way to classify the diverse structure types of the materials, which largely dictate the unusual physical properties observed. We sort the 2D hybrid halide perovskites on the basis of two key components: the inorganic layers and their modification, and the organic cation diversity. As these two heterogeneous components blend, either by synthetic manipulation (shuffling the organic cations or inorganic elements) or by application of external stimuli (temperature and pressure), the modular perovskite structure evolves to construct crystallographically defined quantum wells (QWs). The complex electronic structure that arises is sensitive to the structural features that could be in turn used as a knob to control the dielectric and optical properties the QWs. We conclude this Perspective with the most notable achievements in optoelectronic devices that have been demonstrated to date, with an eye toward future material discovery and potential technological developments.
Image based fog detection in vehicles (2012)

Modern vehicles are equipped with many cameras and their use in many practical applications is extensive. Detecting the presence of fog from images of a camera mounted in vehicles is a very challenging task with the potential to be used in many practical applications. Approaches introduced until now analyze properties of local objects in the image like lane markings, traffic signs, back lights of vehicles in front or head lights of approaching vehicles. By contrast to all these related works we propose to use image descriptors and a classification procedure in order to distinguish images with fog present from those free of fog. These image descriptors are global and describe the entire image using Gabor filters at different frequencies, scales and orientations. Our experiments demonstrated hight potential of the proposed method for fog detection on daytime images.
DNA and protein analyses of tick-derived isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi from California (1990)

Nine isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi from ixodid ticks collected in northern California were characterized. Restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis were used in this study. Four isolates were very similar to each other. The others shared some similarities but were classified as having unique genotypes. A strain from an Ixodes neotomae tick displayed the greatest genetic and antigenic diversity when compared to the isolates collected from Ixodes pacificus ticks. A computerized library based on DNA banding patterns of the isolates by restriction enzyme analysis is also reported. This library was created by using a scanning laser densitometer.
Giant Voids in the Hydrothermally Synthesized Microporous Square Pyramidal−Tetrahedral Framework Vanadium Phosphates [HN(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NH]K<sub>1.35</sub>[V<sub>5</sub>O<sub>9</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]·<i>x</i>H<sub>2</sub>O and Cs<sub>3</sub>[V<sub>5</sub>O<sub>9</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]·<i>x</i>H<sub>2</sub>O (1996)

The use of a novel mixed-valence pentavanadate phosphate cluster as a building block has made possible the low-temperature hydrothermal self-assembly of the new three-dimensional square pyramidal−tetrahedral framework vanadium phosphates [HN(CH2CH2)3NH]K1.35[V5O9(PO4)2]·xH2O (1) and Cs3[V5O9(PO4)2]·xH2O (2), from structurally simple starting materials. These materials possess some of the lowest framework densities and the largest cavities thus far observed in open-framework solid-state materials. The degree of curvature, size, shape, and charge of the mixed valence {V5O9(PO4)2} V(4+/5+) pentameric building block, which resembles a portion of an arc of a circle, favors the formation of very large cavities. Phosphate 1 crystallizes in space group I4̄3m with a = 26.247(3) Å and has very large cubic-shaped cavities that display 4̄3m point symmetry, each of which enclose nearly 50 positive charges. These charges are distributed among 12 HN(CH2CH2)3NH2+, 32 K+ cations, and several waters of crystallization. Each cavity, which could contain a sphere of approximately 13.0 Å diameter and which displays an enormous 32-ring at its maximum diameter, communicates via six 16-ring windows to other similar supercages via intervening smaller cavities. Phosphate 2 is built up from the same pentamers as those in 1 but arranged in a different manner in space group Fd3̄m with a = 32.306(4) Å such that one pentamer lies on each of the six faces of a cube. The three-dimensional structure of 2 consists of two types of cavity, larger ones with all six pentamers curved in an outward fashion, with a free diameter along the diagonal of the cubic-shaped cavity of approximately 20 Å and exhibiting a 24-ring diameter, and smaller ones with all six curved to the inside with cavity diagonals of 7.5 Å. The large cavities are interconnected to one another in a manner that is topologically identical to the arrangement of the carbon atoms in diamond. The ion exchange and sorption properties of these two phosphates are also to be presented.
Photonic Integrated Gain Switched Optical Frequency Comb for Spectrally Efficient Optical Transmission Systems (2017)

We demonstrate the performance of a novel integrated gain switched optical frequency comb source (GS-OFCS) in two different optical transmission systems. The device generates a 6.25-GHz frequency spaced comb that comprises eight spectral tones in a 3-dB spectral power ripple. The GS-OFCS presents good noise properties, which include relative intensity noise of ~ -125 dB/Hz and linewidth of 1.5 MHz. We then employ the device in two transmission systems that use advanced modulation formats. First, it is employed in a four-level pulse amplitude modulation format system operating at 3.125-GBaud per channel and over 3 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF), where all the channels performed below the 7% FEC limit and the receiver sensitivity achieved was -21 dBm. Then, the GS-OFCS is used in a Nyquist quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) system at 5-Gbaud per channel and over 50 km of SSMF, where all the channels exhibited a similar performance well below the 7% FEC limit. These results, in conjunction with the compactness and cost efficiency of the integrated device, denote the quality and relevancy of the resultant comb source for future optical transmission systems.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Artificial Receptors with Wide-Ranging Applications (2009)

The development of the molecular imprinting concept over the past five years is reviewed with particular emphasis on an understanding of the underlying principles and applications to medicine, the environment and security. All aspects of imprinted polymers are surveyed, especially methods for production and characterization.
Novel polycatecholamide chelating agents (1981)

We analysed data on overweight and stunting from large national surveys performed between 2001 and 2004 in 5 Arab countries (Djibouti, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen). Overweight and stunting were defined according to new WHO growth standards. Overweight ranged from 8.9% in Yemen to 20.2% in Syrian Arab Republic. The risk ratio (RR) for overweight in stunted children ranged from 2.14 in Djibouti to 3.85 in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. RR ranged from 0.76 in mildly stunted children of Yemen to 7.15 in severely stunted children in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Etiological fraction in the population ranged from 7.49% to 69.76%.
Preparation of Polyphenol Particles by Dispersion Polymerization Using Enzyme as Catalyst (1995)

Abstract Peroxidase-catalyzed dispersion polymerization of phenols has been performed in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and phosphate buffer using a water-soluble polymer as stabilizer to produce relatively monodisperse polyphenol particles in the sub-micron range.