gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic neural network prediction of ascites in broilers based on minimally invasive physiological factors (1997)

A Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) was trained to predict ascites in broilers based on minimally invasive inputs (i.e., physiological factors that do not require the death of the bird). A PNN is a supervised, three-layer, artificial neural network that classifies input patterns (e.g., physiological data) into specific output categories (e.g., ascites or no ascites). The PNN inputs were O2 level in the blood, body weight, electrocardiogram (ECG), hematocrit, S wave, and heart rate of individual birds. These data were from three experiments that have been described previously (Roush et al., 1996a,b). The three data sets were pooled into a combined data set for a total of 170 observations. From the pooled data, a training set (117 birds), a calibration set (17 birds), and a verification set (36 birds) were extracted. The PNN was trained on the training data set. To prevent the PNN from overfitting the training data, the neural network was evaluated on its ability to make correct predictions of the calibration data set. At the point at which the neural network made the highest number of correct classifications for the calibration data set, the trained neural network was saved on the computer. When the PNN was applied to the complete data set, the sensitivity or proportion of the birds with ascites that the PNN correctly diagnosed was 0.97 (75/77 birds). The specificity or proportion of birds that the PNN made a correct diagnosis of not having ascites was 0.98 (91/93 birds). When the PNN was applied to the verification data set, which was not subjected to neural network training, the sensitivity was 0.95 (19/20) and the specificity was 0.88 (14/16 birds). Use of models developed with artificial neural networks may enhance the diagnosis of ascites in broilers. The results may be useful in choosing and developing broiler strains that do not have a propensity for ascites.
Composite material films: optical properties and applications (1976)

The optical properties of the composite systems Ag-SiO(2), Si-SiC, and Ge-Al(2)O(3) are compared with the predictions of the Maxwell-Garnett and the effective medium theories. Only the Maxwell-Garnett theory predicts the characteristic optical features of granular metals-a red shift relative to the pure metal in the plasma resonance and a dielectric anomaly. In the case of Si-SiC, the observed red shift in the transverse optical phonon frequency is too small to allow one to discriminate between the two theories. In the case of the Ge-AI(2)O(3) films, both theories are in good agreement with the experimental results for the optical constants near the absorption edge. The use of composite films for photothermal conversion and other optical applications is discussed.
Accurate computational design of multipass transmembrane proteins (2018)

The computational design of transmembrane proteins with more than one membrane-spanning region remains a major challenge. We report the design of transmembrane monomers, homodimers, trimers, and tetramers with 76 to 215 residue subunits containing two to four membrane-spanning regions and up to 860 total residues that adopt the target oligomerization state in detergent solution. The designed proteins localize to the plasma membrane in bacteria and in mammalian cells, and magnetic tweezer unfolding experiments in the membrane indicate that they are very stable. Crystal structures of the designed dimer and tetramer-a rocket-shaped structure with a wide cytoplasmic base that funnels into eight transmembrane helices-are very close to the design models. Our results pave the way for the design of multispan membrane proteins with new functions.
GeneTrack—a genomic data processing and visualization framework (2008)

High-throughput 'ChIP-chip' and 'ChIP-seq' methodologies generate sufficiently large data sets that analysis poses significant informatics challenges, particularly for research groups with modest computational support. To address this challenge, we devised a software platform for storing, analyzing and visualizing high resolution genome-wide binding data. GeneTrack automates several steps of a typical data processing pipeline, including smoothing and peak detection, and facilitates dissemination of the results via the web. Our software is freely available via the Google Project Hosting environment at http://genetrack.googlecode.com
Cardiac Troponin T Isoforms Affect the Ca2+ Sensitivity of Force Development in the Presence of Slow Skeletal Troponin I (2004)

In this study we investigated the physiological role of the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) isoforms in the presence of human slow skeletal troponin I (ssTnI). ssTnI is the main troponin I isoform in the fetal human heart. In reconstituted fibers containing the cTnT isoforms in the presence of ssTnI, cTnT1-containing fibers showed increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of force development compared with cTnT3- and cTnT4-containing fibers. The maximal force in reconstituted skinned fibers was significantly greater for the cTnT1 (predominant fetal cTnT isoform) when compared with cTnT3 (adult TnT isoform) in the presence of ssTnI. Troponin (Tn) complexes containing ssTnI and reconstituted with cTnT isoforms all yielded different maximal actomyosin ATPase activities. Tn complexes containing cTnT1 and cTnT4 (both fetal isoforms) had a reduced ability to inhibit actomyosin ATPase activity when compared with cTnT3 (adult isoform) in the presence of ssTnI. The rate at which Ca(2+) was released from site II of cTnC in the cTnI.cTnC complex (122/s) was 12.5-fold faster than for the ssTnI.cTnC complex (9.8/s). Addition of cTnT3 to the cTnI.cTnC complex resulted in a 3.6-fold decrease in the Ca(2+) dissociation rate from site II of cTnC. Addition of cTnT3 to the ssTnI.cTnC complex resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in the Ca(2+) dissociation rate from site II of cTnC. The rate at which Ca(2+) dissociated from site II of cTnC in Tn complexes also depended on the cTnT isoform present. However, the TnI isoforms had greater effects on the Ca(2+) dissociation rate of site II than the cTnT isoforms. These results suggest that the different N-terminal TnT isoforms would produce distinct functional properties in the presence of ssTnI when compared with cTnI and that each isoform would have a specific physiological role in cardiac muscle.
.alpha.-Sulfenylated carbonyl compounds in organic synthesis (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Sulfenylated carbonyl compounds in organic synthesisBarry M. TrostCite this: Chem. Rev. 1978, 78, 4, 363–382Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60314a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60314a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1856Altmetric-Citations388LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reconciliation with Nature: Adorno on Reason, Nature, and Critique (2019)

In this paper I interrogate the actuality of Adorno’s concept of nature in the light of the contemporary environmental crisis. In particular, I try to understand what happens to the critical force of Adorno’s concept of nature if we accept that a decisive turn has been taken in the domination of nature. I articulate two key aspects of Adorno’s critical theory that I think are important resources for thinking in a time of potential environmental catastrophe, which are the themes of a dialectical understanding of reason and nature and the theme of “lifeless life”. I then question whether two key mediating concepts in Adorno’s dialectic, namely the concepts of self-reflection and self-preservation, need to be rethought. Finally, I consider how the concept of a reconciliation with nature, a concept central to the first generation of the Frankfurt school, can be thought anew in an era marked by ever increasing human domination of nature.
Syntheses of polyamides containing uracil and adenine (1979)

Abstract 2‐(2,4‐Dioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐1‐yl)methylsuccinic acid ( 2a ) and 2‐(6‐aminopurin‐9‐yl)methylsuccinic acid ( 2b ) were synthesized through the addition reaction of uracil and adenine, respectively, to dimethyl methylenesuccinate, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting dimethyl esters. Dicarboxylic acid 2a was further converted to the corresponding di‐ p ‐nitrophenyl ester 3a and dicarboxylic acid 2b was converted to the di(cyanomethyl) ester 3b . The active esters 3a and 3b were polycondensed with diamines such as 1,2‐diaminoethane, 1,6‐diaminohexane, 4‐aminomethylbenzylamine, and piperazine in solution, giving polyamides containing uracil and adenine as the side group. The polyamides were found to have molecular weights in the range of about 1000–5000. The polyamides derived from 1,2‐diaminoethane and piperazine were soluble in water.
Through Fog High-Resolution Imaging Using Millimeter Wave Radar (2020)

This paper demonstrates high-resolution imaging using millimeter Wave (mmWave) radars that can function even in dense fog. We leverage the fact that mmWave signals have favorable propagation characteristics in low visibility conditions, unlike optical sensors like cameras and LiDARs which cannot penetrate through dense fog. Millimeter-wave radars, however, suffer from very low resolution, specularity, and noise artifacts. We introduce HawkEye, a system that leverages a cGAN architecture to recover high-frequency shapes from raw low-resolution mmWave heat-maps. We propose a novel design that addresses challenges specific to the structure and nature of the radar signals involved. We also develop a data synthesizer to aid with large-scale dataset generation for training. We implement our system on a custom-built mmWave radar platform and demonstrate performance improvement over both standard mmWave radars and other competitive baselines.
Significantly Improved Survival Time in Pigs with Complete Liver Ischemia Treated with a Novel Bioartificial Liver (1999)

Aim of the study was to evaluate treatment efficacy and safety of a scaled-up version of our porcine hepatocytes based BAL system in pigs with complete liver ischemia (LIS). Thirty-one pigs underwent total devascularization of the liver (LIS) by termino-lateral porta-caval shunts and sutures around the bile duct, the common hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries and their accessory branches. The hepato-duodenal ligament was completely transected. Four experimental groups were studied: the first control group (LIS Control, n = 10) received glucose infusion only, the second control group (LIS Plasmapheresis, n = 8) was connected to a centrifugal plasma-separator with a bottle representing the bioreactor volume, the third control group (LIS Empty-BAL, n = 5) received BAL treatment without cells, and the treated group (LIS Cell-BAL, n = 8) was connected for a maximum period of 24 hours to our scaled-up BAL seeded with around 14 billion viable primary porcine hepatocytes. BAL treatment significantly prolonged life in large animals (approximately 35 kg) with complete LIS (Controls, mean +/- SEM: 33.1 +/- 3 h, Cell-BAL: 51.1 +/- 3.4 h; p = 0.001; longest survivor 63 h). In addition, blood ammonia and total bilirubin levels decreased significantly, indicating metabolic activity of porcine hepatocytes in the bioreactor. No significant differences were noticed among the three control groups, indicating that there was no device effect and that the plasmapheresis procedure was well tolerated. No important adverse effects were observed.
Error awareness and the insula: links to neurological and psychiatric diseases (2013)

Becoming aware of errors that one has committed might be crucial for strategic behavioral and neuronal adjustments to avoid similar errors in the future. This review addresses conscious error perception ("error awareness") in healthy subjects as well as the relationship between error awareness and neurological and psychiatric diseases. We first discuss the main findings on error awareness in healthy subjects. A brain region, that appears consistently involved in error awareness processes, is the insula, which also provides a link to the clinical conditions reviewed here. Then we focus on a neurological condition whose core element is an impaired awareness for neurological consequences of a disease: anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP). The insular cortex has been implicated in both error awareness and AHP, with anterior insular regions being involved in conscious error processing and more posterior areas being related to AHP. In addition to cytoarchitectonic and connectivity data, this reflects a functional and structural gradient within the insula from anterior to posterior. Furthermore, studies dealing with error awareness and lack of insight in a number of psychiatric diseases are reported. Especially in schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) the performance monitoring system seems impaired, thus conscious error perception might be altered.
Node Error Assignment in Expert Networks † (2020)

This chapter presents a framework for neural computation that is particularly suited for networks with high-level node functionality, such as expert networks, and which gives a general framework for supervised learning algorithm derivation, including assignment of error to nodes and gradient descent learning. Generality is achieved by recognizing three distinct functionalities associated with network components. Two are associated with nodes: (1) a combining function that integrates node input into an internal node state, and (2) an output function that transforms the internal state into an output value. The third is associated with network connections: (3) a synaptic function that transforms the node output at the initial end of the connection to input for the node at the terminal end. The network is assumed to have no directed cycles and computations are event-driven. Using the concept of influence a general formula expressing node output error in terms of various functional components is derived. This concept replaces the concept of blame used in earlier treatments. Acyclicity guarantees both forward and backward activation of the network is nilpotent, hence the recursive error formulae define error unambiguously at each non-output node in the network. Both blame and influence methods reduce to the usual formulae in ordinary perceptrons. Specific instances are calculated for various types of expert nodes, including min, max, and EMYCIN combiner nodes. These calculations form the basis for applying backpropagation and other supervised learning methods in expert networks.
Silicon photonic contradirectional couplers using subwavelength grating waveguides (2016)

We propose and demonstrate a novel design of contradirectional couplers in which a subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide replaces one of the asymmetric waveguides of the conventional designs. The fabricated devices in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform show over 35 dB suppression of undesired codirectional coupling and larger than 120 nm operating range free from the interference of intrawaveguide reflections thanks to the large optical phase-mismatch between the segmented SWG waveguide and its nearby continuous waveguide. We study the effects of tailoring the period of the SWG waveguide, the gap distance between the two waveguides, and the coupling length on the spectral characteristics of the device where changing the gap distance from 100 nm up to 500 nm allows for bandwidths from 18.2 nm down to 0.9 nm.
Molecular Characterization of Laccase Genes from the Basidiomycete <i>Coprinus cinereus</i> and Heterologous Expression of the Laccase Lcc1 (1999)

A laccase from Coprinus cinereus is active at alkaline pH, an essential property for some potential applications. We cloned and sequenced three laccase genes (lcc1, lcc2, and lcc3) from the ink cap basidiomycete C. cinereus. The lcc1 gene contained 7 introns, while both lcc2 and lcc3 contained 13 introns. The predicted mature proteins (Lcc1 to Lcc3) are 58 to 80% identical at the amino acid level. The predicted Lcc1 contains a 23-amino-acid C-terminal extension rich in arginine and lysine, suggesting that C-terminal processing may occur during its biosynthesis. We expressed the Lcc1 protein in Aspergillus oryzae and purified it. The Lcc1 protein as expressed in A. oryzae has an apparent molecular mass of 66 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and absorption maxima at 278 and 614 nm. Based on the N-terminal protein sequence of the laccase, a 4-residue propeptide was processed during the maturation of the enzyme. The dioxygen specificity of the laccase showed an apparent K(m) of 21 +/- 2 microM and a catalytic constant of 200 +/- 10 min(-1) for O(2) with 2, 2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as the reducing substrate at pH 5.5. Lcc1 from A. oryzae may be useful in industrial applications. This is the first report of a basidiomycete laccase whose biosynthesis involves both N-terminal and C-terminal processing.
Automata-Based Abduction for Tractable Diagnosis. (2010)

Abductive reasoning has been recognized as a valuable com- plement to deductive inference for tasks such as diagnosis and integration of incomplete information despite its inherent computational complex- ity. This paper presents a novel, tractable abduction procedure for the lightweight description logic EL. The proposed approach extends recent research on automata-based axiom pinpointing (which is in some sense dual to our problem) by assuming information from a predefined ab- ducible part of the domain model if necessary, while the remainder of the domain is considered to be fixed. Our research is motivated by the need for efficient diagnostic reasoning for large-scale industrial systems where observations are partially incomplete and often sparse, but nevertheless the largest part of the domain such as physical structures is known. Tech- nically, we introduce a novel pattern-based definition of abducibles and show how to construct a weighted automaton that commonly encodes the definite and abducible part of the domain model. We prove that its behavior provides a compact representation of all possible hypotheses explaining an observation, and is in fact computable in PTime. Abductive reasoning is a method for generating hypotheses that explain an obser- vation based on a model of the domain, typically in the presence of incomplete data. Its non-monotonicity and explorative nature make abduction a promis- ing candidate for the interpretation of potentially incomplete information - a task which is much harder to accomplish using established monotonic inference methods such as deduction or the more elaborate axiom pinpointing. The appli- cations of abductive inference are diverse, ranging from text interpretation (1) to plan generation and analysis (2), and interpretation of sensor (3) or multimedia data (4). Our research on abductive inference is motivated by industrial applica- tions in Ambient Assisted Living and assistive diagnosis for complex technical devices. In these scenarios we found the underlying models being typically large, though not overly complex in their structure. The main consideration is therefore scalability with respect to the size of the domain model; to effectively support humans or to avoid consequential damage to machinery, information processing is subject to soft realtime constraints. Proc. 23rd Int. Workshop on Description Logics (DL2010), CEUR-WS 573, Waterloo, Canada, 2010.
A Platelet Secretion Pathway Mediated by cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase (2004)

Platelet secretion (exocytosis) is critical in amplifying platelet activation, in stabilizing thrombi, and in arteriosclerosis and vascular remodeling. The signaling mechanisms leading to secretion have not been well defined. We have shown previously that cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) plays a stimulatory role in platelet activation via the glycoprotein Ib-IX pathway. Here we show that PKG also plays an important stimulatory role in mediating aggregation-dependent platelet secretion and secretion-dependent second wave platelet aggregation, particularly those induced via Gq-coupled agonist receptors, the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor, and protease-activated receptors (PARs). PKG I knock-out mouse platelets and PKG inhibitor-treated human platelets showed diminished aggregation-dependent secretion and also showed a diminished secondary wave of platelet aggregation induced by a TXA2 analog and thrombin receptor-activating peptides that were rescued by the granule content ADP. Low dose collagen-induced platelet secretion and aggregation were also reduced by PKG inhibitors. Furthermore PKG I knockout and PKG inhibitors significantly attenuated activation of the Gi pathway that is mediated by secreted ADP. These data unveil a novel PKG-dependent platelet secretion pathway and a mechanism by which PKG promotes platelet activation.
Quantum cascade laser based sensor for open path measurement of atmospheric trace gases (2017)

A sensitive open-path gas sensor employing a continuous-wave (CW) distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) and direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) was demonstrated for simultaneously measurements of atmospheric CO and N<sub>2</sub>O. Two interference free absorption lines located at 2190.0175 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 2190.3498 cm<sup>-1</sup> were selected for CO and N<sub>2</sub>O concentration measurements, respectively. The Allan variance analysis technique was performed to investigate the long-term performance of the QCL sensor system. The results indicate that a detection limit of 9.92 ppb for CO and 7.7 ppb for N<sub>2</sub>O with 1-s integration time were achieved, which can be further improved to 1.5 ppb and 1.1 ppb by increasing the average time up to 80 s.
Low nm23 protein expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas correlates with reduced patient survival. (1991)

Protein levels corresponding to nm23 were determined in normal and neoplastic breast tissues by immunoperoxidase staining. Nm23 protein levels were highest in normal breast epithelium, and lower in intraductal carcinomas. Based on nm23 staining, 39 infiltrating ductal carcinomas were separated into two groups: tumors with homogeneously high nm23 protein content, and tumors with low staining in either a homogeneous or heterogeneous pattern. Patients with low nm23 staining tumors, determined by three pathologists independently, had reduced survival times (alpha = 0.034, alpha = 0.012, alpha = 0.052 by the log rank test). Nm23 expression approached significance as an independent predictor of survival in Cox's proportional hazards model. The data provide the first correlation of low nm23 protein expression and reduced breast carcinoma patient survival.