gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing Electrostatic Potentials in Solution with Carbon Nanotube Transistors (2006)

We have used single-walled carbon nanotube transistors to measure changes in the chemical potential of a solution due to redox-active transition-metal complexes. The interaction of the molecules with a gold electrolyte-gate wire changes the electrostatic potential sensed by the nanotube, which in turn shifts the gate-voltage dependence of the nanotube conductance. As predicted by the Nernst equation, this shift depends logarithmically on the ratio of oxidized to reduced molecules.
Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of a Poorly Water Soluble Drug PNU‐91325 by Supersaturatable Formulations (2004)

Supersaturatable cosolvent (S-cosolvent) and supersaturatable self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SEDDS) are designed to incorporate water soluble cellulosic polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), which may inhibit or retard drug precipitation in vivo. A poorly soluble drug, PNU-91325, was used as a model drug in this study to illustrate this formulation approach. The comparative in vitro studies indicated that the presence of a small amount HPMC in the formulation was critical to achieve a stabilized supersaturated state of PNU-91325 upon mixing with water. An in vivo study was conducted in dogs for assessment of the oral bioavailability of four formulations of PNU-91325. A five-fold higher bioavailability (approximately 60%) was observed from a S-cosolvent formulation containing propylene glycol (PG)+20 mg/g HPMC as compared to that (approximately 12%) of a neat polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 formulation. The low bioavailability of the PEG 400 formulation is attributed to the uncontrolled precipitation of PNU-91325 upon dosing, a commonly observed phenomenon with the cosolvent approach. A S-SEDDS formulation composed of 30% w/w Cremophor (surfactant), 9% PEG 400, 5% DMA, 18% Pluronic L44, 20% HPMC, and other minor components showed an oral bioavailability of approximately 76%, comparable to that of a neat tween formulation (bioavailability: approximately 68%). The significant improvement of the oral bioavailability of the supersaturatable S-cosolvent and S-SEDDS formulations is attributed to a high free drug concentration in vivo as a result of the generation and stabilization of the supersaturated state due to the incorporation of polymeric precipitation inhibitor.
사물인터넷(IoT) 사용에 대한 초기 이용자의 탐색적 유형연구 (2015)

사물인터넷(IoT)은 모든 사물(클라우드, 빅데이터,모바일 등)에 연결성을 추가, 새로운 서비스와 플랫폼이 탄생해 다양한 융합산업을 창출 및 촉진할 것으로 본다. 본 연구의 목적은 사물인터넷(IoT) 이용자들이 어떠한 만족을 얻고, 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 이해하고 그 유형을 발견하는데 있다. 제1유형인 매력적 사물인터넷 이용자-긍정적 프라이버시형은 사물인터넷(IoT) 사용에 대해서 긍정적이나 프라이버시 보호장치의 보완이 필요하며, 사물인터넷(IoT)을 언제 어디서든 공간의 제약없이 다각적으로 편리하게 활용한다. 제2유형인 반감적 사물인터넷 이용자-반감적 프라이버시형은 사물인터넷(IoT) 사용에 대해서 부정적인 성향과 프라이버시 침해를 문제로 들고 있으며, 디지털적인 이로움보다 사생활 침해에 대한 반감이 더 크다. 제3유형인 제한적 사물인터넷 이용자-오류방지 제시형은 사물인터넷(IoT) 사용에 대해서 긍정적이나 부정확한 정보전달에 대한 방지가 필요하다고 인식하며, ‘원격제어’, ‘원격사용’에 대한 편의성에 긍정적으로 인식하고 있다. 제4유형인 부정적 사물인터넷 이용자-사생활 신중형은 부정적인 인식과 사생활 침해의 요소가 많은 기기로 인식하며, 공공의 이익과 사생활 침해의 대립, 실제 사용 영역의 한계를 문제점으로 들고 있다. 본 연구결과는 사물인터넷(IoT) 이용 및 만족도 향상을 위한 구체적인 발전 방안을 마련해 줄 것이다.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Functionalized Olefins Using N,P-Ligated Iridium Complexes (2012)

Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation is one of the most efficient, straightforward, and well-established methods for preparing enantiomerically enriched compounds. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made with iridium, rhodium and ruthenium complexes to asymmetric hydrogenate a selection of olefins, such as, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, ketones, imines and phosphonates. Although these metals have been applied successfully in the hydrogenation of olefins, they differ in their substrate tolerance. Ruthenium and rhodium based catalysts require a coordinating group in the vicinity of the C=C bond. However, iridium based catalysts do not require this coordinating group, hence, asymmetric hydrogenation with iridium catalysts has been widely used for both functionalized and unfunctionalized olefin substrates. This thesis focuses on expanding the substrate scope for asymmetric hydrogenation using chiral N,P-ligated iridium catalysts. Papers I and II investigate the asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral N-heterocyclic compounds prepared by ring-closing metathesis using the iridium catalysts developed in our group. These substrates are interesting as they bear resemblance to pharmaceutically active compounds and therefore have tremendous value in medicinal chemistry. Excellent enantioselectivities, up to &gt;99% ee and conversions were obtained. In papers III and IV we synthesized many unsaturated acyclic and cyclic sulfones with varying substitution patterns. The sulfones were subjected to hydrogenation using our N,P-ligated iridium catalysts, producing the chiral sulfone products in high enantiomeric excess (up to 99% ee). This methodology was combined with the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction, offering a novel route to chiral allylic and homoallylic compounds. In addition to obtaining these chiral compounds in good yields, no decrease in enantiomeric excess was observed after the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction. This strategy has been applied in the preparation of the chiral building block for renin inhibitors.
Drug-induced effects on cholesterol catabolism and bile acids. (2006)

Serum cholesterol level is a reflection of whole-body cholesterol metabolism, which is tightly regulated so that cholesterol absorption and synthesis are interrelated. The actions of serum cholesterol-lowering drugs are based primarily on influencing cholesterol synthesis (statins), cholesterol absorption (ezetimibe) or bile acid synthesis (resins). A great deal of research has been targeted at developing drugs that inhibit the metabolism of cholesterol in enterocytes, such as microsomal transfer protein inhibitors and acyl-cholesterol acyl transferase inhibitors, but there are little published data regarding their effect on whole-body cholesterol metabolism in humans. Cholesterol is catabolized and excreted as neutral sterols of cholesterol into feces, and by conversion to bile acids. This review examines lipid-lowering drugs and their effect on cholesterol metabolic pathways.
<italic>In Vivo</italic> Impedance Characterization of Cortical Recording Electrodes Shows Dependence on Electrode Location and Size (2018)

Comparison of electrochemical impedance of the epidural, intravascular, and subdural electrode array showed that all three locations are possible placement options, since impedances are in comparable ranges.
Study of multiple optical transitions in 87Rb using laser diodes (1982)

Recent work with laser diodes has indicated their potential usefulness in optically pumping atomic frequency standards. We consider various optical pumping schemes for 87-Rb incorporating such light sources at two D1 frequencies for experimental situations of either evacuated wall-coated cells or atomic beams. Numerical integration of rate equations governing the level populations with arbitrary pumping light choices of intensity, D1 hyperfine transition(s), and polarization and subsequent calculation of scattered light provide a simplified O-O hyperfine signal analysis.
p16<sup>INK4a</sup>/Ki‐67 dual labelling as a marker for the presence of high‐grade cancer cells or disease progression in urinary cytopathology (2012)

The data show that p16(INK4a) /Ki-67 co-expression allows most HG cancer cells to be detected initially and in the follow-up period. Additional studies are needed in order to determine whether dual labelling can be used as a triage tool for atypical urothelial cells in the urine.
Dynamic memory in a microfluidic system of droplets traveling through a simple network of microchannels (2009)

The flow of droplets through the simplest microfluidic network--a set of two parallel channels with a common inlet and a common outlet--exhibits a rich variety of dynamic behaviors parametrized by the frequency of feeding of droplets into the system and by the asymmetry of the arms of the microfluidic loop. Finite ranges of these two parameters form islands of regular (cyclic) behaviors of a well defined period that can be estimated via simple theoretical arguments. These islands are separated by regions of behaviors that are either irregular or cyclic with a very long periodicity. Interestingly, theoretical arguments and numerical simulations show that within the islands of regular behaviors the state of the system can be degenerate: there can exist a number of distinct sequences of trajectories of droplets, each stable and--in the absence of disturbances--continuing ad infinitum. The system can be switched between these cyclic trajectories with a single stimulus.
APOBEC3G levels predict rates of progression to AIDS (2007)

Testing this hypothesis will have significant implications for biomedical research. a) It will link hA3G to the mechanisms underlying slower disease progression in long-term nonprogressors. And, b) It may help to establish a new prognostic marker, the hA3G abundance measurement, for HIV-infected patients.
Highly confined electromagnetic fields in arrays of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles (2005)

Linear arrays of very small Ag nanoparticles (diameter $\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, spacing $0--4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$) were fabricated in sodalime glass using an ion irradiation technique. Optical extinction spectroscopy of the arrays reveals a large polarization-dependent splitting of the collective plasmon extinction band. Depending on the preparation condition, a redshift of the longitudinal resonance as large as $1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ is observed. Simulations of the three-dimensional electromagnetic field evolution are used to determine the resonance energy of idealized nanoparticle arrays with different interparticle spacings and array lengths. Using these data, the experimentally observed redshift is attributed to collective plasmon coupling in touching particles and/or in long arrays of strongly coupled particles. The simulations also indicate that for closely coupled nanoparticles ($1--2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ spacing) the electromagnetic field is concentrated in nanoscale regions ($10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$ radius: $3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$) between the particles, with a 5000-fold local field intensity enhancement. In arrays of $1\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-spaced particles the dipolar particle interaction extends to over 10 particles, while for larger spacing the interaction length decreases. Spatial images of the local field distribution in 12-particle arrays of touching particles reveal a particlelike coupled mode with a resonance at $1.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ and a wirelike mode at $0.4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$.
A Submersible Autonomous Sensor for Spectrophotometric pH Measurements of Natural Waters (2003)

An autonomous sensor for long-term in situ measurements of the pH of natural waters is described. The system is based upon spectrophotometric measurements of a mixture of sample and sulfonephthalein indicator. A simple plumbing design, using a small, low-power solenoid pump and valve, avoids the need for quantitative addition of indicator. A approximately 50-microL slug of indicator is pulled into the sample stream by the pump, and subsequent pumping and mixing results in a section of indicator and sample where absorbance measurements can be made. The design also permits direct determination of the indicator pH perturbation. Absorbances are recorded at three wavelengths (439, 579, and 735 nm) using a custom-built 1.7-cm path length fiber-optic flow cell. Solution blanks are obtained by periodically flushing the cell with sample. Field tests were performed in a local river over an 8-day period. The in situ accuracy, based on comparison with laboratory spectrophotometric pH measurements, was -0.003 pH unit (n = 16), similar to the measurement precision. No drift was observed during the 8-day period. The absorbance ratio used to calculate pH, in combination with a simple and robust optical design, imparts an inherent stability not achievable with conventional potentiometric methods, making the design feasible for long-term autonomous pH measurements.
Migraine: emerging treatment options for preventive and acute attack therapy (2006)

This review discusses emerging treatments of migraine in the context of what is now available. At present, patients are treated with a range of acute attack medicines or preventive treatments, with many having significant drawbacks. Important unmet needs are acute attack treatments that act by exclusively neural mechanisms with no vascular effects, and effective, well tolerated preventive medicines. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, vanilloid receptor antagonists and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are all in clinical trials for acute migraine. Tonaberset (a gap-junction blocker), an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and botulinum toxin A are in clinical trials for preventive therapy. Device-based approaches using neurostimulation of the occipital nerve are being studied, although the first study of patent foramen ovale closure for migraine prevention failed.
Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID‐19 (2020)

Imaging modalities play a crucial role in the management of suspected COVID-19 patients. Before reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results are positive, 60-93% of patients have positive chest computed tomographic (CT) findings consistent with COVID-19. We report a case of positive lung ultrasound findings consistent with COVID-19 in a woman with an initially negative RT-PCR result. The lung ultrasound-imaging findings were present between the negative and subsequent positive RT-PCR tests and correlated with CT findings. The point-of-care lung-ultrasound examination was easy to perform and, as such, could play an important role in the triage of women with suspected COVID-19. The neonatal swabs, cord blood and placental swab RT-PCR tests were negative for SARS-CoV-2, a finding consistent with the published literature suggesting no vertical transmission of this virus in pregnant women. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Comparison of cerebral angiography and transcranial Doppler sonography in acute stroke. (1989)

We compared digital intra-arterial angiography and transcranial Doppler sonography in acute cerebral ischemia as part of a wider study on a continuous series of 48 patients with acute focal cerebral ischemia in the carotid territory, observed within 4 hours of the onset of symptoms. The most significant Doppler findings of the middle cerebral artery included no detection of the artery when occlusion of the carotid siphon or the middle cerebral artery at its origin was shown by angiography and reduced flow velocities and asymmetry (symptomatic less than asymptomatic) when the occlusion was located in the terminal tract of the middle cerebral artery mainstem or in numerous terminal branches. Higher flow velocities in the anterior cerebral artery or posterior cerebral artery, mostly in the symptomatic hemisphere, often accompanied middle cerebral artery pathology, probably indicating collateral compensatory pathways.
Interpretive evaluation: Towards a place approach (1998)

Abstract The way in which interpretation has been evaluated in the past is examined. A diverse range of studies is identified and reviewed. These studies are organised and discussed within a framework derived from a landscape perception classification system originally developed by Zube, Sell and Taylor. Discussion considers the main contributions and omissions of previous evaluation work and suggests an alternative approach to evaluation informed by theories of place. Place is argued to be a critical theoretical dimension in the evaluation of interpretation because it captures, in an holistic way, the inter‐relationships, complexities and variabilities between visitors, their experience and the site that is being interpreted. The paper reviews theories of place and makes explicit the connections between people, place and interpretation. The case is made for a more theory‐driven approach to the evaluation of interpretation.1
Feedback linearizing generator excitation control for enhanced power system stability (1992)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Towards sub-millimeter accuracy in UWB positioning for indoor medical environments (2011)

Ultra wideband (UWB) positioning systems are increasingly used in indoor environments since commercial systems can provide 3-D accuracy of a few centimeters. Many applications exist in medicine for UWB positioning which includes tracking personnel, assets, and surgical navigation. We have designed a UWB positioning system with millimeter accuracy. Certain applications, including surgical navigation, have even more stringent accuracy requirements in the sub-millimeter range. Many challenges must be overcome to achieve sub-millimeter accuracy including indoor multipath interference, system clock jitter and drift, local oscillator phase noise, sampling-rate limitations, and phase center error. This paper discusses sub-millimeter accuracy in UWB positioning for medical applications and outlines key challenges faced in achieving it with our UWB positioning system. Solutions to these challenges are also outlined followed by a discussion of future work needed to integrate the entire system.
Galvanic Coupling Between Pure Copper and Pure Aluminum (2007)

International audience
Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesized Atomically Thin Molybdenum Disulfide with Optoelectronic-Grade Crystalline Quality (2015)

The ability to synthesize high-quality samples over large areas and at low cost is one of the biggest challenges during the developmental stage of any novel material. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods provide a promising low-cost route for CMOS compatible, large-scale growth of materials, it often falls short of the high-quality demands in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. We present large-scale CVD synthesis of single- and few-layered MoS2 using direct vapor-phase sulfurization of MoO2, which enables us to obtain extremely high-quality single-crystal monolayer MoS2 samples with field-effect mobility exceeding 30 cm(2)/(V s) in monolayers. These samples can be readily synthesized on a variety of substrates, and demonstrate a high-degree of optoelectronic uniformity in Raman and photoluminescence mapping over entire crystals with areas exceeding hundreds of square micrometers. Because of their high crystalline quality, Raman spectroscopy on these samples reveal a range of multiphonon processes through peaks with equal or better clarity compared to past reports on mechanically exfoliated samples. This enables us to investigate the layer thickness and substrate dependence of the extremely weak phonon processes at 285 and 487 cm(-1) in 2D-MoS2. The ultrahigh, optoelectronic-grade crystalline quality of these samples could be further established through photocurrent spectroscopy, which clearly reveal excitonic states at room temperature, a feat that has been previously demonstrated only on samples which were fabricated by micro-mechanical exfoliation and then artificially suspended across trenches. Our method reflects a big step in the development of atomically thin, 2D-MoS2 for scalable, high-quality optoelectronics.
Two TTX-resistant Na<sup>+</sup> currents in mouse colonic dorsal root ganglia neurons and their role in colitis-induced hyperexcitability (2004)

The composition of Na+ currents in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons depends on their neuronal phenotype and innervation target. Two TTX-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ currents [voltage-gated Na channels (Nav)] have been described in small DRG neurons; one with slow inactivation kinetics (Nav1.8) and the other with persistent kinetics (Nav1.9), and their modulation has been implicated in inflammatory pain. This has not been studied in neurons projecting to the colon. This study examined the relative importance of these currents in inflammation-induced changes in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. Colonic sensory neurons were retrogradely labeled, and colitis was induced by instillation of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) into the lumen of the distal colon. Seven to ten days later, immunohistochemical properties were characterized in controls, and whole cell recordings were obtained from small (<40 pF) labeled DRG neurons from control and TNBS animals. Most neurons exhibited both fast TTX-sensitive (TTX-S)- and slow TTX-R-inactivating Na+ currents, but persistent TTX-R currents were uncommon (<15%). Most labeled neurons were CGRP (79%), tyrosine kinase A (trkA) (84%) immunoreactive, but only a small minority bind IB4 (14%). TNBS-colitis caused ulceration, thickening of the colon and significantly increased neuronal excitability. The slow TTX-R-inactivating Na current density (Nav1.8) was significantly increased, but other Na currents were unaffected. Most small mouse colonic sensory neurons are CGRP, trkA immunoreactive, but not isolectin B4 reactive and exhibit fast TTX-S, slow TTX-R, but not persistent TTX-R Na+ currents. Colitis-induced hyperexcitability is associated with increased slow TTX-R (Nav1.8) Na+ current. Together, these findings suggest that colitis alters trkA-positive neurons to preferentially increase slow TTX-R Na+ (Nav1.8) currents.
The Effect of Radiation on a Variety of Pharmaceuticals and Materials Containing Polymers (2012)

Radiation can be used for positive purposes such as medical applications and the sterilization of pharmaceutical products, medical devices, and food and agricultural products as well as clinical applications such as diagnosis and/or therapy of a variety of diseases. The dose rate, time, type and emitted energy of the radiation are critical issues for determining its benefit/damage ratio. The sterilization of pharmaceuticals and medical devices that contain polymers can be achieved safely and effectively by irradiation. The sterilization of materials at the terminal phase-that is, in its final packaging materials-and its suitability to a variety of different kinds of packaging materials have brought additional value to radiosterilization. However, radiation sterilization is more expensive than the other sterilization methods that require large facilities. Although this method is safe in application, the effects of radiation on drugs and polymers must be evaluated by various analytical methods. In the nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry field, more effective and novel methods are being developed to decrease the harmful effects of radiation on materials.