gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Origins of Isoform Selectivity in Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2008)

Histones undergo extensive posttranslational modifications that affect gene expression. Acetylation is a key histone modification that is primarily regulated by two enzymes, one of which is histone deacetylase (HDAC). The activity of HDAC causes transcriptional silencing of DNA. Eleven distinct zinc-dependent histone deacetylase isoforms have been identified in humans. Each isoform has a unique structure and function, and regulates a unique set of genes. HDAC is responsible for the regulation of many genes involved in cancer cell proliferation, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurological conditions. HDAC inhibitors are known to be very effective anti-cancer agents, and research has shown them to be potential treatments for many other conditions. Histone deacetylase inhibitors modify the expression of many genes, and it is possible that inhibition of one isoform could cause epigenetic changes that are beneficial to treatment of a disease, while inhibition of another isoform could cause contradictory changes. Selective HDAC inhibitors will be better able to avoid these types of situations than non-specific inhibitors, and may also be less toxic than pan-HDAC inhibitors. Many potent pan-HDAC inhibitors have already been developed, leaving the development of selective inhibitors at the forefront of HDAC drug development. Certain structural moieties may be added to HDAC inhibitors to give isoform selectivity, and these will be discussed in this review. This review will focus on the applications of selective HDAC inhibitors, inhibitors reported to show selectivity, and the relationship between inhibitor structure and selectivity.
Aerogel nanocomposite materials (1995)

Aerogels are porous, low density, nanostructured solids with many unusual properties including very low thermal conductivity, good transparency, high surface area, catalytic activity, and low sound velocity. This research is directed toward developing new nanocomposite aerogel materials for improved thermal insulation and several other applications. A major focus of the research has been to further increase the thermal resistance of silica aerogel by introducing infrared opacification agents into the aerogel to produce a superinsulating composite material. Opacified superinsulating aerogel permit a number of industrial applications for aerogel-based insulation. The primary benefits from this recently developed superinsulating composite aerogel insulation are: to extend the range of applications to higher temperatures, to provide a more compact insulation for space sensitive-applications, and to lower costs of aerogel by as much as 30%. Superinsulating aerogels can replace existing CFC-containing polyurethane in low temperature applications to reduce heat losses in piping, improve the thermal efficiency of refrigeration systems, and reduce energy losses in a variety of industrial applications. Enhanced aerogel insulation can also replace steam and process pipe insulation in higher temperature applications to substantially reduce energy losses and provide much more compact insulation.
β-Cyclodextrin Polymer Network Sequesters Perfluorooctanoic Acid at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations (2017)

Per- and poly fluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), contaminate many ground and surface waters and are environmentally persistent. The performance limitations of existing remediation methods motivate efforts to develop effective adsorbents. Here we report a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based polymer network with higher affinity for PFOA compared to powdered activated carbon, along with comparable capacity and kinetics. The β-CD polymer reduces PFOA concentrations from 1 μg L<sup>-1</sup> to <10 ng L<sup>-1</sup>, at least 7 times lower than the 2016 U.S. EPA advisory level (70 ng L<sup>-1</sup>), and was regenerated and reused multiple times by washing with MeOH. The performance of the polymer is unaffected by humic acid, a component of natural organic matter that fouls activated carbons. These results are promising for treating PFOA-contaminated water and demonstrate the versatility of β-CD-based adsorbents.
Autonomous ground vehicle control system for high-speed and safe operation (2009)

This paper describes a new Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGVs) trajectory tracking control system towards safe and high-speed operations enabled by incorporating Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC). The system consists of an AGV desired yaw rate generator based on a kinematic model, and a yaw rate controller based on the vehicle/tyre dynamic models. Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is used to handle the system uncertainties. The performance of the control system was evaluated by using a high-fidelity (experimentally validated) full-vehicle Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) model provided by CarSim®. Compared with the results of position-error-based AGV control, significant performance improvement was observed.
Synchronous Rectification of LLC Resonant Converters Using Homopolarity Cycle Modulation (2018)

In order to further reduce losses in LLC resonant converters, the use of synchronous rectifiers (SRs) in the output rectifier is desirable. Analysis and detection of the conduction angles of the SRs used in an LLC converter are the main challenges in synchronous rectification. This paper develops a new time-domain theoretical analysis, called homopolarity cycle, enabling synchronous rectification in LLC resonant converters with the use of a low-cost polarity-based sensing technique. The homopolarity cycle considerably reduces the complexity of the LLC converter's analysis, relates the conduction angles of the SRs to the gate driving signals of the inverter switches and the polarity of the rectifier voltage, and finally introduces a low-cost polarity-based sensing technique. A synchronous rectification control algorithm, called homopolarity cycle modulation (HCM), is proposed, which only needs to sense the polarity of the rectifier voltage, which is simple to measure and immune to noise. A simple graphical plane, named the homopolarity, is introduced to provide information about the SRs' conduction angles. The proposed HCM method is validated by experimental and simulation results. Unlike the conventional synchronous rectification technique, the results have shown that the proposed HCM synchronous rectification method has a flat synchronous rectification coverage from light to full loading conditions while using a simple sensing strategy.
A Simulation Study of Vehicle Curve Speed Control System (2006)

In this paper, a speed control system for vehicle approaching, traveling, and coming out of a curve is investigated using simulation. In order to assist driver in ahcieving safer and more comfortable curve following performance, vehicle speed is controlled using the preview data of the road ahead, which is obtained from the GPS and Map or vision system. The control system is comprised of a method for determining a desired curve speed profile to help achieve the best cornering performance for an up-coming curve and regulating vehicle speed toward the desired speed. The lateral dynamics of vehicle is used for computing the desired speed for a curve. From the current vehicle speed and the desired speed profile, the acceleration profile for a curve ahead of the vehicle is computed. Then, the acceleration command is generated to slow the vehicle so the driver can achieve the optimal curve following. From the simulation studies, it is concluded that the system can potentially improve driver cornering performance.
Fischer–Tropsch fuels refinery design (2011)

Carbon sources, such as coal, natural gas, biomass and waste, can be converted into transportation fuels by combining appropriate gasification, Fischer–Tropsch and refining technologies. Efficient refining of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis derived syncrude requires a different approach to refinery design than commonly applied to crude oil refinery design. The design of refineries to optimise the production of on-specification motor-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel respectively from both high temperature Fischer–Tropsch (HTFT) syncrude and low temperature Fischer–Tropsch (LTFT) are considered. Refinery designs are presented for the production of motor-gasoline and jet fuel with better than 50% yield (better than 70% selectivity on transportation fuel), without resorting to very complex designs. Only diesel fuel refining presented a problem, since the production of on-specification EN590:2004 diesel fuel is limited by a Fischer–Tropsch specific cetane-density-yield trade-off. The compound classes that are required to produce diesel fuel in high yield that meet both minimum cetane number and minimum density requirements are not abundant in Fischer–Tropsch syncrude. Refinery designs for diesel fuel production was limited to a yield of less than 25% EN 590 : 2004 compliant diesel fuel. This yield restriction does not apply when diesel fuel specifications do not have a minimum density requirement.
Reverberation imparting device (1989)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Koji Niimi, Yuji Kakubo, Yuji Ikegaya; Reverberation imparting device. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 July 1989; 86 (1): 452–453. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.398250 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Anti‐PreS2 antibody assay for evaluating immune responses among recipients of recombinant hepatitis B PreS2+S vaccine (1990)

A competitive radioimmunoassay was developed for measuring hepatitis B virus (HBV) anti-PreS2 antibody. The assay has been demonstrated to be highly specific for anti-PreS2 antibody and not subject to interference by other antibodies to HBV-specific antigens. This assay was used to evaluate anti-PreS2 antibody responses in a hepatitis B PreS2 + S vaccine human clinical trial in healthy adults.
How to Organize your Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents: The Importance\n of Communication Topology (2018)

In this empirical paper, we investigate how learning agents can be arranged\nin more efficient communication topologies for improved learning. This is an\nimportant problem because a common technique to improve speed and robustness of\nlearning in deep reinforcement learning and many other machine learning\nalgorithms is to run multiple learning agents in parallel. The standard\ncommunication architecture typically involves all agents intermittently\ncommunicating with each other (fully connected topology) or with a centralized\nserver (star topology). Unfortunately, optimizing the topology of communication\nover the space of all possible graphs is a hard problem, so we borrow results\nfrom the networked optimization and collective intelligence literatures which\nsuggest that certain families of network topologies can lead to strong\nimprovements over fully-connected networks. We start by introducing alternative\nnetwork topologies to DRL benchmark tasks under the Evolution Strategies\nparadigm which we call Network Evolution Strategies. We explore the relative\nperformance of the four main graph families and observe that one such family\n(Erdos-Renyi random graphs) empirically outperforms all other families,\nincluding the de facto fully-connected communication topologies. Additionally,\nthe use of alternative network topologies has a multiplicative performance\neffect: we observe that when 1000 learning agents are arranged in a carefully\ndesigned communication topology, they can compete with 3000 agents arranged in\nthe de facto fully-connected topology. Overall, our work suggests that\ndistributed machine learning algorithms would learn more efficiently if the\ncommunication topology between learning agents was optimized.\n
Monitoring measurement tools: new methods for driving continuous improvements in fleet measurement uncertainty (2009)

Ever shrinking measurement uncertainty requirements are difficult to achieve for a typical metrology toolset, especially over the entire expected life of the fleet. Many times, acceptable performance can be demonstrated during brief evaluation periods on a tool or two in the fleet. Over time and across the rest of the fleet, the most demanding processes often have measurement uncertainty concerns that prevent optimal process control, thereby limiting premium part yield, especially on the most aggressive technology nodes. Current metrology statistical process control (SPC) monitoring techniques focus on maintaining the performance of the fleet where toolset control chart limits are derived from a stable time period. These tools are prevented from measuring product when a statistical deviation is detected. Lastly, these charts are primarily concerned with daily fluctuations and do not consider the overall measurement uncertainty. It is possible that the control charts implemented for a given toolset suggest a healthy fleet while many of these demanding processes continue to suffer measurement uncertainty issues. This is especially true when extendibility is expected in a given generation of toolset. With this said, there is a need to continually improve the measurement uncertainty of the fleet until it can no longer meet the needed requirements at which point new technology needs to be entertained. This paper explores new methods in analyzing existing SPC monitor data to assess the measurement performance of the fleet and look for opportunities to drive improvements. Long term monitor data from a fleet of overlay and scatterometry tools will be analyzed. The paper also discusses using other methods besides SPC monitors to ensure the fleet stays matched; a set of SPC monitors provides a good baseline of fleet stability but it cannot represent all measurement scenarios happening in product recipes. The analyses presented deal with measurement uncertainty on non-measurement altering metrology toolsets such as scatterometry, overlay, atomic force microscopy (AFM) or thin film tools. The challenges associated with monitoring toolsets that damage the sample such as the CD-SEMs will also be discussed. This paper also explores improving the monitoring strategy through better sampling and monitor selection. The industry also needs to converge regarding the metrics used to describe the matching component of measurement uncertainty so that a unified approach is reached regarding how to best drive the much needed improvements. In conclusion, there will be a discussion on automating these new methods3,4 so they can complement the existing methods to provide a better method and system for controlling and driving matching improvements in the fleet.
Cumulative retrospective cost adaptive control with RLS-based optimization (2010)

We present a discrete-time adaptive control algorithm that is effective for multi-input, multi-output systems that are either minimum phase or nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm requires limited model information, specifically, the first nonzero Markov parameter and the nonminimum-phase zeros of the transfer function from the control signal to the performance measurement. Furthermore, the adaptive control algorithm is effective for stabilization as well as command following and disturbance rejection, where the command and disturbance spectrum is unknown. The novel aspect of this adaptive controller is the use of a retrospective performance function which is optimized using a recursive least-squares algorithm.
The Efficacy of Ostrich Antibodies to Dihydrotestosterone and 5&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt;-Reductase in the Restoration of Hair Growth (2019)

The hormone dihydro testosterone (DHT) and the catalyst 5α-reductase are key contributors to hair loss due to androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Also, dermal bacteria and their toxins have been implicated in hair loss. A preliminary study by the authors with six male volunteer subjects showed that ostrich antibodies against above causative substances were quite effective in promoting hair regrowth. The present study included 13 men and 4 women, with ages ranging from 39 to 78. Pre- and post-treatment hair counts were also incorporated into the study procedure. In all instances but one, the subjects had a hair-growth effect about 3 months after the antibody was applied to the scalp, and the study participants with hair growth were pleased with the results and with the ease of use of the antibody solution.
Integrating Incremental Speech Recognition and POMDP-Based Dialogue Systems (2012)

The goal of this paper is to present a first step toward integrating Incremental Speech Recognition (ISR) and Partially-Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) based dialogue systems. The former provides support for advanced turn-taking behavior while the other increases the semantic accuracy of speech recognition results. We present an Incremental Interaction Manager that supports the use of ISR with strictly turn-based dialogue managers. We then show that using a POMDP-based dialogue manager with ISR substantially improves the semantic accuracy of the incremental results. 1
Au/YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/ thin film composites on various substrates (1997)

We have grown a series of composite films of Au with YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// on various substrates using a bilayer deposition technique to study their suitability for flux flow applications. The T/sub c/'s and J/sub c/'s were measured, and results compared with plain YBCO films for the different substrates. The patterning process resulted in some damage to the composites, but an oxygen plasma treatment was effective in restoring T/sub c/'s and resistance ratios, J/sub c/ measurements suggest that Au/YBCO composites behave like SNS-coupled arrays of superconducting grains. Their increased response to small magnetic fields is consistent with Josephson vortices dominating the transport. These findings indicate that Au/YBCO composites are a promising material for flux flow applications.
Nanoporosity Significantly Enhances the Biological Performance of Engineered Glass Tissue Scaffolds (2013)

Nanoporosity is known to impact the performance of implants and scaffolds such as bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds, either by providing a higher concentration of bioactive chemical species from enhanced surface area, or due to inherent nanoscale topology, or both. To delineate the role of these two characteristics, BG scaffolds have been fabricated with nearly identical surface area (81 and 83±2 m(2)/g) but significantly different pore size (av. 3.7 and 17.7 nm) by varying both the sintering temperature and the ammonia concentration during the solvent exchange phase of the sol-gel fabrication process. In vitro tests performed with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells on such scaffolds show that initial cell attachment is increased on samples with the smaller nanopore size, providing the first direct evidence of the influence of nanopore topography on cell response to a bioactive structure. Furthermore, in vivo animal tests in New Zealand rabbits (subcutaneous implantation) indicate that nanopores promote colonization and cell penetration into these scaffolds, further demonstrating the favorable effects of nanopores in tissue-engineering-relevant BG scaffolds.
Lysine 2,3-Aminomutase from <i>Clostridium subterminale</i> SB4: Mass Spectral Characterization of Cyanogen Bromide-Treated Peptides and Cloning, Sequencing, and Expression of the Gene <i>kamA</i> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

Lysine 2,3-aminomutase (KAM, EC 5.4.3.2.) catalyzes the interconversion of L-lysine and L-beta-lysine, the first step in lysine degradation in Clostridium subterminale SB4. KAM requires S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which mediates hydrogen transfer in a mechanism analogous to adenosylcobalamin-dependent reactions. KAM also contains an iron-sulfur cluster and requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) for activity. In the present work, we report the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene kamA for C. subterminale SB4 KAM and conditions for its expression in Escherichia coli. The cyanogen bromide peptides were isolated and characterized by mass spectral analysis and, for selected peptides, amino acid and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. PCR was performed with degenerate oligonucleotide primers and C. subterminale SB4 chromosomal DNA to produce a portion of kamA containing 1,029 base pairs of the gene. The complete gene was obtained from a genomic library of C. subterminale SB4 chromosomal DNA by use of DNA probe analysis based on the 1,029-base pair fragment. The full-length gene consisted of 1,251 base pairs specifying a protein of 47,030 Da, in reasonable agreement with 47, 173 Da obtained by electrospray mass spectrometry of the purified enzyme. N- and C-terminal amino acid analysis of KAM and its cyanogen bromide peptides firmly correlated its amino acid sequence with the nucleotide sequence of kamA. A survey of bacterial genome databases identified seven homologs with 31 to 72% sequence identity to KAM, none of which were known enzymes. An E. coli expression system consisting of pET 23a(+) plus kamA yielded unsatisfactory expression and bacterial growth. Codon usage in kamA includes the use of AGA for all 29 arginine residues. AGA is rarely used in E. coli, and arginine clusters at positions 4 and 5, 25 and 27, and 134, 135, and 136 apparently compound the barrier to expression. Coexpression of E. coli argU dramatically enhanced both cell growth and expression of KAM. Purified recombinant KAM is equivalent to that purified from C. subterminale SB4.
Novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates: synthesis and antitumor activities (1991)

New antifolates, characterized by a 6-5 fused ring system, a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring, and a trimethylene bridge at position 5 (12a,b and 13a,b) were designed and efficiently synthesized. The synthetic method included (1) construction of the key intermediary acyclic skeleton, 5-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl]- 2-(dicyanomethyl)pentanoates (6a,b), (2) cyclization with guanidine, followed by reduction to the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (8a,b and 9a,b), and (3) subsequent glutamate coupling and saponification. These antifolates were more growth-inhibitory by about 1 order of magnitude than methotrexate (MTX) against KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells and A549 human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cells in in vitro culture. Growth inhibitory IC50 values for N-[4-[3-(2,4-diamino-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5- yl)propyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (12a) against KB and A549 were 0.27 and 4.5 ng/mL, while those for MTX were 5.0 and 35 ng/mL, respectively. Other members of this class of antifolates, 12b and 13a,b, showed good activities nearly equal to that of 12a.