gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillarics: pre-programmed, self-powered microfluidic circuits built from capillary elements (2013)

Microfluidic capillary systems employ surface tension effects to manipulate liquids, and are thus self-powered and self-regulated as liquid handling is structurally and chemically encoded in microscale conduits. However, capillary systems have been limited to perform simple fluidic operations. Here, we introduce complex capillary flow circuits that encode sequential flow of multiple liquids with distinct flow rates and flow reversal. We first introduce two novel microfluidic capillary elements including (i) retention burst valves and (ii) robust low aspect ratio trigger valves. These elements are combined with flow resistors, capillary retention valves, capillary pumps, and open and closed reservoirs to build a capillary circuit that, following sample addition, autonomously delivers a defined sequence of multiple chemicals according to a preprogrammed and predetermined flow rate and time. Such a circuit was used to measure the concentration of C-reactive protein. This work illustrates that as in electronics, complex capillary circuits may be built by combining simple capillary elements. We define such circuits as "capillarics", and introduce symbolic representations. We believe that more complex circuits will become possible by expanding the library of building elements and formulating abstract design rules.
PLANTING ROW CROPS WITH MOVING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS (1991)

ABSTRACT The development of moving truss irrigation machines capable of performing all the functions necessary to produce a crop could revolutionize agricultural production systems and replace high horsepower tractors with multiple pieces of equipment. A row crop planting system for moving irrigation machines is presented which may bring an all inclusive system closer to reality. The system is called a mobile irrigator planting system (MIPS) and consists of (1) a seed germination/gel mixing system, (2) a non-destructive seed transfer and injection system, and (3) a seed distribution and planting system located on a continuous-move irrigation system. The 600 m prototype distribution system was divided into ten 16-row planting manifolds, each programmably controlled to accomplish uniform seed discharge. Stationary performance evaluation resulted in between manifold seed distribution coefficients of variation of 0.09, 0.12, and 0.10 for com, cotton, and grain sorghum, respectively. Initial field planting trials produced plant stands and yields that compared favorably to those planted with a conventional planter. Preplant fertilizer application using the trenching nozzle of the planting system and additional fertilizer injection into the irrigation water during the growing season, resulted in either equal or significantly greater yields than those obtained by conventional preplant chisel application.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of 4-Undecylpiperidine-2-carboxamides as Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>Receptor (2018)

An impaired signaling capacity of the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor (5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R) has been implicated in the neurobehavioral processes that promote relapse vulnerability in cocaine use disorder (CUD). Restoration of the diminished 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R signaling through positive allosteric modulation presents a novel therapeutic approach. Several new molecules with the 4-alkylpiperidine-2-carboxamide scaffold were designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically evaluated, leading to the discovery of selective 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Compound 16 (CYD-1-79) potentiated 5-HT-evoked intracellular calcium release in cells stably expressing the human 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R but not the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R cells. A topographically distinct allosteric site was identified based on the newly solved 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R structure. Compound 16 modulated 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R-mediated spontaneous ambulation, partially substituted for the training dose of the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub>R agonist WAY163909, synergized with a low dose of WAY163909 to substitute fully for the stimulus effects of WAY163909, and attenuated relapse vulnerability as assessed in a rodent self-administration model, indicating its therapeutic promise for CUD.
A Multiplex Two-Color Real-Time PCR Method for Quality-Controlled Molecular Diagnostic Testing of FFPE Samples (2014)

This quality-controlled two-color fluorometric RT-qPCR approach will facilitate the development of reliable, robust RT-qPCR-based molecular diagnostic tests in FFPE clinical samples.
Solvent-free and photocurable polyimide inks for 3D printing (2017)

Solvent-free photosensitive high-performance polyimide inks were developed for DLP 3D printing to build architectures with excellent thermal resistance and mechanical performance.
A Novel 3-Phytosterone-9α-Hydroxylase Oxygenation Component and Its Application in Bioconversion of 4-Androstene-3,17-Dione to 9α-Hydroxy-4-Androstene-3,17-Dione Coupling with A NADH Regeneration Formate Dehydrogenase (2019)

9α-Hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9-OH-AD) is one of the significant intermediates for the preparation of β-methasone, dexamethasone, and other steroids. In general, the key enzyme that enables the biotransformation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) to 9-OH-AD is 3-phytosterone-9α-hydroxylase (KSH), which consists of two components: a terminal oxygenase (KshA) and ferredoxin reductase (KshB). The reaction is carried out with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD<sup>+</sup>. In this study, the more efficient 3-phytosterone-9α-hydroxylase oxygenase (KshC) from the <i>Mycobacterium</i> sp. strain VKM Ac-1817D was confirmed and compared with reported KshA. To evaluate the function of KshC on the bioconversion of AD to 9-OH-AD, the characterization of KshC and the compounded system of KshB, KshC, and NADH was constructed. The optimum ratio of KSH oxygenase to reductase content was 1.5:1. An NADH regeneration system was designed by introducing a formate dehydrogenase, further confirming that a more economical process for biological transformation from AD to 9-OH-AD was established. A total of 7.78 g of 9-OH-AD per liter was achieved through a fed-batch process with a 92.11% conversion rate (mol/mol). This enzyme-mediated hydroxylation method provides an environmentally friendly and economical strategy for the production of 9-OH-AD.
Characterization of Amylolytic Enzyme Activities Associated with the Hyperthermophilic Archaebacterium <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (1990)

The hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus produces several amylolytic enzymes in response to the presence of complex carbohydrates in the growth medium. These enzyme activities, alpha-glucosidase, pullulanase, and alpha-amylase, were detected in both cell extracts and culture supernatants. All activities were characterized by temperature optima of at least 100 degrees C as well as a high degree of thermostability. The existence of this collection of activities in P. furiosus suggests that polysaccharide availability in its growth environment is a significant aspect of the niche from which it was isolated.
Fatigue free ferroelectric Pb<sub>5</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>11</sub> thin films prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1999)

Abstract Fatigue free ferroelectric Pb5Ge3O11 (PGO) films have been prepared using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). [Pb(thd)2] and [Ge(OC2H5)4] were used as the precursors for lead and germanium, respectively. The PGO films were deposited onto Ir/Ti/SiO2/Si and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si wafers to measure their compositions, phase formation, microstructures and ferroelectric properties. The X-ray pattern showed the formation of C-axis oriented PGO films. All the PGO films showed excellent fatigue characteristics: no fatigue was observed up to 1 × 109 switching cycles. It is believed that the superior fatigue properties of these PGO films are due to the PGO lattice structure. PGO materials have large polarization along the c axis, but little or no polarization along a and b axis, thus the domain configuration is 180°. This is one reason that PGO has excellent fatigue properties, which is similar to Bi-layered oxides such as SrBi2Ta2O9 material. A typical 300-nm thick PGO film exhibited a saturated and square hysteresis loop. The remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (2Ec) values at 5V were about 3.72 μC/cm2 and 67 kV/cm, respectively. The leakage current increased with increasing applied voltage, and is about 9.5 × 10−7 A/cm2 at 100 kV/cm. The maximum dielectric constant is about 35. The MOCVD PGO films can be used for single transistor memory applications.
The Old World and New World Alphaviruses Use Different Virus-Specific Proteins for Induction of Transcriptional Shutoff (2006)

Alphaviruses are widely distributed throughout the world. During the last few thousand years, the New World viruses, including Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), evolved separately from those of the Old World, i.e., Sindbis virus (SINV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Nevertheless, the results of our study indicate that both groups have developed the same characteristic: their replication efficiently interferes with cellular transcription and the cell response to virus replication. Transcriptional shutoff caused by at least two of the Old World alphaviruses, SINV and SFV, which belong to different serological complexes, depends on nsP2, but not on the capsid protein, functioning. Our data suggest that the New World alphaviruses VEEV and EEEV developed an alternative mechanism of transcription inhibition that is mainly determined by their capsid protein, but not by the nsP2. The ability of the VEEV capsid to inhibit cellular transcription appears to be controlled by the amino-terminal fragment of the protein, but not by its protease activity or by the positively charged RNA-binding domain. These data provide new insights into alphavirus evolution and present a plausible explanation for the particular recombination events that led to the formation of western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) from SINV- and EEEV-like ancestors. The recombination allowed WEEV to acquire capsid protein functioning in transcription inhibition from EEEV-like virus. Identification of the new functions in the New World alphavirus-derived capsids opens an opportunity for developing new, safer alphavirus-based gene expression systems and designing new types of attenuated vaccine strains of VEEV and EEEV.
Fast single frame super-resolution using scale-invariant self-similarity (2013)

Example-based super-resolution (SR) attracts great interest due to its wide range of applications. However, these algorithms usually involve patch search in a large database or the input image, which is computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose a scale-invariant self-similarity (SiSS) based super-resolution method. Instead of searching patches, we select the patch according to the SiSS measurement, so that the computational complexity is significantly reduced. Multi-shaped and multi-sized patches are used to collect sufficient patches for high-resolution (HR) image reconstruction and a hybrid weighting method is used to suppress the artifacts. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is 20~1,800 times faster than several state-of-the-art approaches and can achieve comparable quality.
<title>Lambda-over-one-thousand metrology results for steep aspheres using a curvature profiling technique</title> (1992)

We have previously described a new noncontact profiling technique that involves measuring the test surface curvature on a point-by-point basis. Curvature is measured by simultaneously measuring the test surface slope at two slightly displaced locations. As the pair of sensing beams is scanned along the test piece, a profile of curvature is built, from which the height profile is deduced. The sensing of curvature eliminates the need for a reference surface, and makes the approach insensitive to all types of vibration and drift, both in surface height and in surface slope. In this paper, we discuss some of our more recent calibration and measurement efforts in testing steep optics. We also discuss test piece alignment. This aspect of metrology is always of concern, especially in the case of steep optics in general, and steep aspheres in particular. We show that the curvature profiling technique is inherently much less sensitive to unknown misalignments and variations in scanning geometry than a height profiling or slope profiling technique.
Breeding for Resistance to Soybean Rust (2005)

Soybean rust occurs in all major soybean-growing regions of the world including the North American mainland. Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most destructive foliar disease of soybean, and yield losses of over 50% are common when environmental conditions are conducive for disease development. Heavily infected plants defoliate and mature more rapidly than plants not infected with rust. P. pachyrhizi has a broad host range and can infect many other legumes including some native to Australia. A number of physiological races of the fungus have been reported on these native legumes from Australia and on soybean. In addition, four single genes for rust resistance were previously identified in four different soybean plant introductions. These sources of resistance also have been reported to be susceptible in some field locations and when challenged with certain isolates of P. pachyrhizi. Partial resistance, expressed as reduced pustule number and increased length of latent period, has also been reported but has not been widely used in breeding programs. Yield stability has been used in the past and compares percentage of yields in fungicide and nonfungicide plots. Cultivars or lines with a higher percentage of yield have greater yield stability in the presence of rust. Although soybean rust only recently was found in the continental United States, a proactive project to evaluate the USDA soybean germ plasm collection for rust resistance was initiated in 2002 at the Fort Detrick plant biocontainment facility and at six international locations. Part of this project is to discover soybean lines with greater yield stability, and additional single and partial resistance. To help minimize the impact of soybean rust, the first line of defense will be fungicides, with host resistance and yield stability augmenting the long-term management of soybean rust.
Realisation of all-optical multi-functional logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers (2006)

All-optical multi-functional logic gates by using the gain nonlinearity characteristics of cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have been demonstrated. Using three SOAs, all-optical multi-functional logic gates for the simultaneous operations of AND, NOR and XNOR at 10 Gbit/s were successfully demonstrated.
Effects of Fatty Acid Bile Acid Conjugates (FABACs) on Biliary Lithogenesis: Potential Consequences for Non-Surgical Treatment of Gallstones (2005)

Fatty acid bile acid conjugates (FABACs) are novel synthetic lipid molecules, which were designed for the treatment of cholesterol gallstones. The rationale was to combine a cholesterol solubilizing moiety (a saturated fatty acid) with a bile acid (cholic acid) as a vehicle to enable secretion into bile and entry into the enterohepatic circulation. An amide bond was used to provide stability against intestinal degradation. Initial in vitro studies showed that FABACs are indeed cholesterol solubilizers, able to prevent biliary cholesterol crystallization. Arachidyl-amido-cholanoic acid (Aramchol) was found to be the most potent FABAC in these studies. Animal studies revealed that Aramchol was absorbed after oral administration and could prevent cholesterol crystallization as well as dissolve preformed crystals in rodents fed a lithogenic diet. In gallstone susceptible mice, Aramchol prevented gallstone formation and dissolved gallstones. FABACs were found to be metabolically active substances, also able to decrease blood cholesterol, atherosclerotic plaques and fat accumulation in the liver in several animal species. The underlying mechanisms of action are under active investigation, and several effects, e.g. on cholesterol and bile salt metabolizing enzymes as well as cholesterol efflux from cells have been discovered. These findings are, however, only the beginning of our understanding of the metabolic actions as well as the potential of use of FABACs as therapeutic agents.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Propargylation of Aldehydes (2011)

Wer wird aktiviert? Eine vielseitige und hoch enantioselektive Propargylierung von Aldehyden mit einer chiralen Brønsted-Phosphorsäure als Katalysator wird vorgestellt, die eine Bandbreite von chiralen Homopropargylalkoholen liefert. Computerstudien stützen die Hypothese, dass die chirale Phosphorsäure nicht den Aldehyd aktiviert, sondern den als Reagens eingesetzten Allenylboronsäurepinakolester. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study of Ad26.ZIKV.001, an Ad26-Vectored Anti–Zika Virus Vaccine (2021)

Janssen Vaccines and Infectious Diseases.
Novel semiconductor lasers based on quantum dots (2004)

Self-organized quantum dots have emerged as one of the more interesting approaches for new types of semiconductor photonic devices, especially lasers. In this talk we will review the status of quantum dot lasers and discuss their potential applications to MEMS.
Analysis of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, autocrine growth‐factor production, and differentiation state of human osteosarcoma cell lines (1995)

Human osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma cell lines were investigated for alterations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factors, all of which have been implicated in tumor formation. Characterization of oncogenes that are involved in osteosarcoma formation, including the c-fos and c-myc oncogenes, indicated that all six osteosarcoma cell lines examined had 5- to 20-fold amplification of the c-myc oncogene, whereas neither of two fibrosarcoma cell lines c-myc amplification. Interestingly, only three of six osteosarcoma cell lines displayed altered c-myc immediate-early gene function. c-fos was found to be normal, both at the gene and functional levels, in all six osteosarcoma and both fibrosarcoma cell lines tested. Characterization of two tumor suppressor genes, p53 and RB1, that have been implicated in osteosarcoma formation indicated that p53 was altered in five of six osteosarcoma cell lines, whereas RB1 was altered in only two or six of these cell lines. Neither RB1 nor p53 was found to be altered in the fibrosarcoma cell lines tested. An additional transformation marker, autocrine growth-factor production, was observed in all six osteosarcoma cell lines and both fibrosarcoma cell lines examined. Finally, the differentiation state of the osteosarcoma cell lines was investigated via the bone differentiation markers alkaline phosphates and osteocalcin. Alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in four of six osteosarcoma cell lines but not in the two fibrosarcoma cell lines examined. The alkaline phosphatase activity was a result of the expression of the bone/liver/kidney alkaline phosphatase isoform. High-level osteocalcin expression was observed in one of the osteosarcoma cell lines but not in the two fibrosarcoma cell lines examined, although all cell lines demonstrated low-level osteocalcin expression. Together, these data demonstrate that relatively undifferentiated osteosarcomas commonly display c-myc amplification, p53 and RB1 mutation, and autocrine growth-factor production, all of which may play a role in osteosarcomagenesis.
A CMOS Image Sensor Pixel Combining Deep Sub-Electron Noise With Wide Dynamic Range (2020)

This letter introduces a 5-transistors (5T) implementation of CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) pixels enabling the combination of deep sub-electron noise performance with wide dynamic range (DR). The 5T pixel presents a new technique to reduce the sense node capacitance without any process refinements or voltage level increase and features adjustable conversion gain (CG) to enable wide dynamic imaging. The implementation of the proposed 5T pixel in a standard 180nm CIS process demonstrates the combination of a measured high CG of 250 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sub> V/e and low CG of 115 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sub> V/e with a saturation level of about 6500e offering photo-electron counting capabilitywithout compromising the DR and readout speed.
Role of osteoblast suppression in multiple myeloma (2006)

Multiple myeloma is the most common form of plasma cell dyscrasia and virtually all cases of myeloma exhibit osteolytic lesions, which result in bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcaemia. Malignant plasma cells disrupt the delicate balance between bone formation and bone resorption, which ultimately leads to the debilitating osteolytic lesions. This review focuses principally on mechanisms of osteoblast inhibition by malignant plasma cells with emphasis placed on our experimental findings, which support a model for abnormal Wnt signaling in osteoblast suppression. We describe how excessive amounts of soluble Wnt inhibitors secreted by malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma could promote osteolytic lesions, tumor growth, suppress hematopoiesis, prevent proper engraftment, and expansion of transplanted stem cells. Finally, we detail current therapies shown to disrupt the interaction between the myeloma cell and the microenvironment, leading to activation of osteoblasts.
Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalysed by Chromium and Aluminium Salphen Complexes (2016)

Chromium and aluminium salphen complexes have been found to display remarkable catalytic activity in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a range of epoxides and carbon dioxide. The Al(salphen) complex is more reactive towards terminal epoxides at ambient temperature and pressure, whereas the Cr(salphen) complex exhibits higher catalytic activity towards more challenging internal epoxides at elevated temperature and pressure.
Novel spatiotemporal analysis of gait changes in body weight supported treadmill trained rats following cervical spinal cord injury (2017)

We feel that our novel multidimensional analysis is a more appropriate method to address the inter-dependencies of gait measures. Untrained rats exhibit both initial impairments as well as the development of compensatory techniques. BWSTT does not improve this spontaneous recovery, but exacerbates it, particularly in the less impaired left hindlimb.