gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conical nanopores fabricated via a pressure-biased chemical etch (2013)

Controlling the size and shape of nanopores in polymer membranes can significantly impact transport of molecular or ionic species through these membranes. Here we describe a facile method to controllably form conical nanopores in ion-tracked polycarbonate membranes. Commercial polycarbonate ion-tracked membranes were placed between a concentrated alkaline solution and an acidic solution. By varying the height of the acidic solution, the hydrostatic pressure was controlled, regulating the acid flux through the nanopores. The resulting asymmetric etching of the membrane produced conical pores with controllable aspect ratios. Scanning electron microscopy of both the pores and nickel nanostructures electrolessly templated in the pores confirms their conical shape. This safe, straightforward approach obviates the need to use large voltages, currents, and/or plasma etching equipment traditionally employed to create conical nanopores.
Nanosheet Seed-Layer Assists Oriented Growth of Highly Luminescent Perovskite Films (2008)

Oxide phosphors are attractive materials for various applications in optoelectronic devices due to their high chemical stability and efficient luminescent characteristics. As yet, however, the fabrication of high-quality luminescent thin films on a glass substrate remains challenging for practical implementation. Here, we report the efficient fabrication of highly oriented luminescent perovskite oxide films on a glass substrate using a monolayer film of oxide nanosheets as the seed layer. A densely packed monolayer film of Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets was prepared by the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) method, where hybridization of the cationic molecules and the Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets produced stable LB films with large-area processability. Oriented thin films with a sharp and intense emission of Pr0.002(Ca0.6Sr0.4)0.997TiO3 were successfully obtained on a glass substrate modified with a seed layer. Highly luminescent transparent films are producible on inexpensive noncrystalline substrates; this approach also enables large-area processing of high-quality thin-film phosphors.
NIR laser tissue welding of in vitro porcine of cornea and sclera tissue (2004)

In this study, an NIR fiber laser with an eye safe wavelength of 1.455 μm was used to successfully weld <i>in vitro</i> porcine cornea and sclera tissue. The emission wavelength overlaps an absorption band of water. The laser system was used in combination with a motorized translational system and shutter to control the laser exposure on the tissue being welded. Different welding conditions were analyzed for the porcine cornea and sclera. The welded tissues were examined using histopathology and tensile strength analysis. The NIR welding technique provides strong, full thickness welds and does not require the use of extrinsic dyes, chromophores, or solders. The NIR laser system used in this study can effectively weld cornea and sclera tissue, and this laser tissue welding (LTW) methodology typically causes minimal disruption of tissue, and thus, avoids opacities and irregularities in the tissue which may result in decreased visual acuity.
Melatonin increases anagen hair rate in women with androgenetic alopecia or diffuse alopecia: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial (2004)

To the authors' knowledge, this pilot study is the first to show that topically applied melatonin might influence hair growth in humans in vivo. The mode of action is not known, but the effect might result from an induction of anagen phase.
Microplasma Jets Generated by Arrays of Microchannels Fabricated in Flexible Molded Plastic (2011)

Novel microplasma jet devices have been fabricated in a moldable polymer that is resilient, transparent, and flexible. With a layer-by-layer assembly process involving a mold and initially undercured polymer, arrays of plasma microjets as large as 5 × 2 have been constructed and demonstrated to date. Having a channel diameter of 340 ± 5 μm and a single gas feed 4 mm in diameter for the entire array, the microchannel jets extend ~3.6 mm into laboratory air for a He gas flow rate of ~4.6 standard liters per minute.
Auto-Calibrated Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns (2017)

We present a novel method to auto-calibrate gaze estimators based on gaze patterns obtained from other viewers. Our method is based on the observation that the gaze patterns of humans are indicative of where a new viewer will look at. When a new viewer is looking at a stimulus, we first estimate a topology of gaze points (initial gaze points). Next, these points are transformed so that they match the gaze patterns of other humans to find the correct gaze points. In a flexible uncalibrated setup with a web camera and no chin rest, the proposed method is tested on ten subjects and ten images. The method estimates the gaze points after looking at a stimulus for a few seconds with an average error below 4.5 . Although the reported performance is lower than what could be achieved with dedicated hardware or calibrated setup, the proposed method still provides sufficient accuracy to trace the viewer attention. This is promising considering the fact that auto-calibration is done in a flexible setup , without the use of a chin rest, and based only on a few seconds of gaze initialization data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use human gaze patterns in order to auto-calibrate gaze estimators.
Estimating Radar Velocity using Direction of Arrival Measurements (2014)

Direction of Arrival (DOA) measurements, as with a monopulse antenna, can be compared against Doppler measurements in a Synthetic Aperture Radar ( SAR ) image to determine an aircraft's forward velocity as well as its crab angle, to assist the aircraft's navigation as well as improving high - performance SAR image formation and spatial calibration.
Variable effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on avian osteoclastic activity and reduction of bone loss in ovariectomized rats (1996)

We compared the effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone, to those of tyrphostin A25, tyrphostin A47, and herbimycin on avian osteoclasts in vitro. Inactive analogs daidzein and tyrphostin A1 were used to control for nonspecific effects. None of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibited bone attachment. However, bone resorption was inhibited by genistein and herbimycin with ID50s of 3 microM and 0.1 microM, respectively; tyrphostins and daidzein were inactive at concentrations below 30 microM, where nonspecific effects were noted. Genistein and herbimycin thus inhibit osteoclastic activity via a mechanism independent of cellular attachment, and at doses approximating those inhibiting tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation in vitro; the tyrphostins were inactive at meaningful doses. Because tyrosine kinase inhibitors vary widely in activity spectrum, effects of genistein on cellular metabolic processes were compared to herbimycin. Unlike previously reported osteoclast metabolic inhibitors which achieve a measure of selectivity by concentrating on bone, neither genistein nor herbimycin bound significantly to bone. Osteoclastic protein synthesis, measured as incorporation of 3H-leucine, was significantly inhibited at 10 microM genistein, a concentration greater than that inhibiting bone degradation, while herbimycin reduced protein synthesis at 10 nM. These data suggested that genistein may reduce osteoclastic activity at pharmacologically attainable levels, and that toxic potential was lower than that of herbimycin. To test this hypothesis in a mammalian system, bone mass was measured in 200 g ovariectomized rats treated with 44 mumol/day genistein, relative to untreated controls. During 30 d of treatment, weights of treated and control group animals were indistinguishable, indicating no toxicity, but femoral weight in the treated group was 12% greater than controls (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that the isoflavone inhibitor genistein suppresses osteoclastic activity in vitro and in vivo at concentrations consistent with its ID50s on tyrosine kinases, with a low potential for toxicity.
Hybrid vacuum-atmosphere compressors for ultrafast, high-peak power chirped-pulse amplification (1998)

Theoretical and experimental results are presented for ultrafast, chirped-pulse amplifier compressors that contain only the final, high-peak power grating in vacuum. The designs are compact and the adjustments of the compressor gratings are at atmosphere. The optical aberrations and dispersion of the system are found to be negligible for the compression of 25-fs pulses. The application of the hybrid vacuum-atmosphere compressor is robust with respect to a broad range of wavelengths and optical configurations.
Fast reconstruction of 3D time-of-flight PET data by axial rebinning and transverse mashing (2006)

Faster scintillators like LaBr(3) and LSO have sparked renewed interest in PET scanners with time-of-flight (TOF) information. The TOF information adds another dimension to the data set compared to conventional three-dimensional (3D) PET with the size of the projection data being multiplied by the number of TOF bins. Here we show by simulations and analytical reconstruction that angular sampling for two-dimensional (2D) TOF PET can be reduced significantly compared to what is required for conventional 2D PET. Fully 3D TOF PET data, however, have a wide range of oblique and transverse angles. To make use of the smaller necessary angular sampling we reduce the 3D data to a set of 2D histoprojections. This is done by rebinning the 3D data to 2D data and by mashing these 2D data into a limited number of angles. Both methods are based on the most likely point given by the TOF measurement. It is shown that the axial resolution loss associated with rebinning reduces with improved timing resolution and becomes less than 1 mm for a TOF resolution below 300 ps. The amount of angular mashing that can be applied without tangential resolution loss increases with improved TOF resolution. Even quite coarse angular mashing (18 angles out of 324 measured angles for 424 ps) does not significantly reduce image quality in terms of the contrast or noise. The advantages of the proposed methods are threefold. Data storage is reduced to a limited number of 2D histoprojections with TOF information. Compared to listmode format we have the advantage of a predetermined storage space and faster reconstruction. The method does not require the normalization of projections prior to rebinning and can be applied directly to measured listmode data.
Enhanced Shot Change Detection using Motion Features for Soccer Video Analysis (2007)

An enhanced shot change detection algorithm for soccer video analysis is proposed in this paper. Features extracted from reliable motion vectors (MVs) are used to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of color-based method. In order to eliminate unreliable MVs, a MV filtration scheme is designed based on the principle of block-based motion search. Then two features, named as proportion of reliable MVs and centrality of reliable MVs respectively, are extracted from the filtration results in each frame. The experiments on 180 minutes' soccer video demonstrate that our algorithm achieved a considerable improvement over the widely-adopted color-based method.
Estimating the memory consumption of big data applications based on program analysis (2020)

Many distributed in-memory data-processing systems such as Flink and Spark suffer from serious memory issues, including limited memory resources shared by many users or groups, which aggravates the competition for memory resources. If a user application is allocated with insufficient memory, significant garbage collection overheads will occur at runtime. In contrast, if the user application is provided with a memory space larger than it actually requires, memory resources will be wasted. Therefore, it is important to ensure that a user application is allocated with an appropriate memory size. In a general case, multiple applications process one specific set of data repeatedly. Often, the process logic of applications working on the same dataset is similar; for example, they can perform machine learning or graph computing tasks. This study further reveals that the process logic reflected in application programming interface and user-defined functions also affects the memory usage at runtime. Based on this observation, this paper presents a method for estimating the optimal memory size for newly submitted applications. The proposed approach was implemented on Spark. It utilizes the information of program analysis and historical applications produced when processing data to estimate a proper memory threshold for a newly submitted application based on the similarity of the data path between the new application and a historical one. The results of the experiments conducted to evaluate the method's accuracy of estimating the memory threshold and performance profit demonstrated that the proposed method is able to (1) estimate the required memory threshold with an error of 4% compared to the actual proper memory threshold, (2) guarantee the overall time overhead of estimating to be negligible compared to the execution time of a submitted job, and (3) reduce the execution time of submitted applications by up to 56% compared to when the proposed method is not applied.
Mesh based ROI correction interface for organ delineation in radiation oncology planning (2010)

Organ delineation from volumetric images is an integral part of radiation oncology planning. Model based segmentation techniques have been successfully applied for automatic segmentation of region of interest (ROI) in volumetric medical images. The ROI is modelled as a 3D triangular surface mesh which automatically adapts itself to fit to the correct boundary of the ROI in a given image. Automatic segmentation could be inaccurate due to attraction to false boundaries, which can happen because of poor model initialization or weak image feature response at correct locations. To be acceptable in clinical practice, it is crucial for a segmentation approach to integrate corrective input from the user. A novel mesh editing technique is discussed in this work. The editing interface provided is intuitive and simple; the user draws a free hand curve to mark the correct boundary of the ROI. The proposed mesh editing algorithm uses distance and curvature metrics to identify and deform a subset of mesh vertices with respect to the user curve. The neighbouring vertices that are within the user defined depth get deformed based on shape constraint. The shape constraint is formulated to maintain the distribution of the vertices in the region of edited mesh in correspondence with the initial surface model. Mesh editing results accurately (0.38769 ± 0.19779 mm) match with the user desired corrections on the viewed image plane. The shape of neighbouring region is also preserved resulting in smooth and regular contours on adjacent image planes.
Combining simplified PAM4 & SDM to quadruple data rate (2020)

This article presents the combination of simplified PAM4 architecture and two-channel SDM systems to enable PAM16 efficiency. Space division multiplexig (SDM) enables spatial reuse of optical frequencies while incoherent addition of laser intensities generates necessary amplitude modulation without dedicated PAM4 ICs.
CRM1-Dependent Function of a <i>cis</i>-Acting RNA Export Element (2002)

Viruses often contain cis-acting RNA elements, which facilitate the posttranscriptional processing and export of their messages. These elements fall into two classes distinguished by the presence of either viral or cellular RNA binding proteins. To date, studies have indicated that the viral proteins utilize the CRM1-dependent export pathway, while the cellular factors generally function in a CRM1-independent manner. The cis-acting element found in the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) (the WHV posttranscriptional regulatory element [WPRE]) has the ability to posttranscriptionally stimulate transgene expression and requires no viral proteins to function. Conventional wisdom suggests that the WPRE would function in a CRM1-independent manner. However, our studies on this element reveal that its efficient function is sensitive to the overexpression of the C terminus of CAN/Nup214 and treatment with the antimicrobial agent leptomycin B. Furthermore, the overexpression of CRM1 stimulates WPRE activity. These results suggest a direct role for CRM1 in the export function of the WPRE. This observation suggests that the WPRE is directing messages into a CRM1-dependent mRNA export pathway in somatic mammalian cells.
Pathogenicity of Two Recombinant Avian Leukosis Viruses (2003)

We have recently described the isolation and molecular characteristics of two recombinant avian leukosis subgroup J viruses (ALV J) with an avian leukosis virus subgroup A envelope (r5701A and r6803A). In the present study, we examined the role of the subgroup A envelope in the pathogenesis of these recombinant viruses. Chickens of line 1515 × 71 were inoculated at 1 day of age with r5701A, r6803A, Rous-associated virus type 1 (RAV-1), or strain ADOL-Hcl of ALV-J. At 2, 4, 10, 18, and 32 wk postinoculation (PI), chickens were tested for avian leukosis virus (ALV)-induced viremia, shedding, and neutralizing antibodies. All except one chicken inoculated with the recombinant viruses (98%) developed neutralizing antibodies by 10 wk PI compared with only 16% and 46% of the ADOL-Hcl and RAV-1–inoculated birds, respectively. ALV-induced tumors and mortality in the two groups inoculated with recombinant viruses were different. The incidence of tumors in groups inoculated with r5701A or RAV-1 was 100% compared with only 9% in the groups inoculated with r6803A or ADOL-Hcl. The data suggest that differences in pathogenicity between the two recombinant viruses might be due to differences in the sequence of the 3′ untranslated region (presence or absence of the E element), and, therefore, not only the envelope but also other elements of the viral genome play an important role in the pathogenesis of ALV.
A Synergistic Approach to Using AMR and Intelligent Electronic Devices to Determine Outages in a Distribution Network (2006)

Recent developments in digital electronics and communication technology have made it possible to automate remote meter reading at the electric utility distribution network. Every point at the distribution network can be monitored and controlled and two-way AMR systems are growing. Electric utilities are seeking added value applications to justify buying an AMR system. Outage mapping is one application that is popular and high in demand. In this paper, a possible method is proposed how the outage mapping function can be implemented once an AMR system is installed. Outage mapping is greatly simplified for communication technologies, which use the medium voltage distribution circuit for the physical communication infrastructure. In particular, technologies that use low frequency signals (200 Hz-650 Hz), which are superimposed on the 60 Hz waveform, have additional advantages, which further simplify the outage detection and mapping. Intelligent devices can be used at the distribution substation to monitor and capture any unusual event at the distribution network. By using an appropriate algorithm to process the captured information, a trigger activates a polling sequence of remote devices (meter reading transponders) located at only the part of the network where a fault occurs. The polling result quickly identifies which protective device has operated which can be related to the circuit and area map
Predicate logic based image grammars for complex pattern recognition (2009)

In this paper, an extended work reported in [Shet, et al , 2007] to detect complex objects in aerial images was discussed. Such objects, e.g. surface to air missile launcher sites, are highly variable in appearance and can only be characterized by their functional design and surrounding context, such as physical arrangement of access structures. Constraints in acquiring sufficient annotated data for learning make it challenging for purely data driven approaches to adequately generalize. In this work, structure arising from functional requirements and surrounding context has been encoded using predicate logic based grammars. Observation and model uncertainties have been integrated within the bi lattice framework. Also in this paper a proposed method to automatically optimize weights associated with logical rules is presented. Automated logical rule weight learning is an important aspect of the application of such systems in the computer vision domain. The proposed approach casts the instantiated inference tree as a knowledge based neural net, interprets rule uncertainties as link weights in the network, and applies a constrained, back propagation (BP) algorithm to converge upon a set of weights for optimal performance. The BP algorithm has been accordingly modified to compute local gradients over the bi lattice specific inference operation and respect constraints specific to vision applications. Both extension have been evaluated over real and simulated data with favorable results.
Surface characterization of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics used in an Injectable Bone substitute. (2005)

Surface characterization of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics used in an Injectable Bone substitute. P. Weiss, D. Mijares, J. Legeros, B. Enkel, A. Jean, G. Daculsi & R. Legeros. 1 INSERM EM 9903, Materiaux d'interet biologique, Faculte de chirurgie dentaire, 1, place A. Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 01, France. 2 Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
Purification and Properties of Alternanase, a Novel Endo‐α‐1,3‐α‐1,6‐<scp>d</scp>‐Glucanase (1994)

A newly isolated soil bacterium strain NRRL B-21195, tentatively identified as a Bacillus species, was found to be a constitutive producer of a novel type of glycanase that hydrolyses in an endo-fashion the polysaccharide alternan, an alpha-1,3-alpha-1,6-D-glucan, referred to in the literature as B-1355 dextran (fraction S), synthesized from sucrose by alternansucrase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The glycanase, named alternanase, has been purified to homogeneity from a cell-free culture fluid of the bacillus grown in a liquid medium containing D-glucose, and has been characterized. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 110000 Da (SDS/PAGE) and an isoelectric point of approximately 4.0. Optimum activity occurs at pH 7 and at a temperature of 40 degrees C. The enzyme is stable up to 50 degrees C but loses activity rapidly at 60 degrees C. Its action is inhibited by EDTA and stimulated by Ca2+. The enzyme requires, for its action, D-glucan chains in which alpha-1,3-linkages alternate with alpha-1,6-linkages; i.e., it is specific for alternan. Monitoring of alternan hydrolysis by determination of liberated reducing sugars pointed to an unusually low extent of hydrolysis and a low specific activity of the enzyme. As shown in the accompanying paper [Côté, G. L. & Biely, P. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 226, 641-648] the reason for this finding is that the main hydrolytic products are non-reducing, novel types of cyclic oligosaccharides.
Discovery of TUG-770: A Highly Potent Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) Agonist for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1 or GPR40) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and currently attracts high interest as a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We here report the discovery of a highly potent FFA1 agonist with favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound efficiently normalizes glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice, an effect that is fully sustained after 29 days of chronic dosing.