gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
59.1: A Volumetric Display Using a Rim‐Driven Varifocal Beamsplitter and High‐Speed DLP Backlit LCD (2012)

Abstract We present a high resolution, full color, volumetric display. The display utilizes a novel optical element: the large‐aperture, rim‐driven, adjustable‐resonance, varifocal beamsplitter. The display generates volumetric real images with pixel addressable depth planes. The primary image generator is an RGB liquid crystal panel backlit by a highspeed video projector.
The Electrochemical Behaviour of Manganese (II)‐Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide and Manganese (II)‐Hydroxide/Calcium Hydroxide (1986)

Abstract The double hydroxides Mn(OH) 2 Mg(OH) 2 and Mn(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 , precipitated by computer control, were investigated as positive electrodes for secondary cells in aqueous potassium hydroxide solutions with regard to charge capacity and cycling behaviour. Mn(OH) 2 Mg(OH) 2 ‐hydroxides form solid solutions, whereas Mn(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 ‐hydroxides occur as mixtures. In the system Mn(OH) 2 Mg(OH) 2 only samples between 30 and 60 mol% Mg are electrochemically active and discharge capacities of 164–213 mAh/g are found in the first discharge process, with an oxidation state corresponding to MnO 1,8 . Afterwards the capacity falls to 24 mAh/g. Surprising in the system Mn(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 is the rapid air oxidation of the samples with 30–50 mol% Ca to oxidation degrees of MnO 1.8 . These samples are further oxidized electrochemically to ∼MnO 2.0 , and are electrochemically active with discharging capacities between 96 and 133 mAh/g. They have a better cycling behaviour than the Mn/Mg‐species. The striking behaviour of the two double hydroxides is a consequence of their structural relationships.
Abstract 662: IMA_Detect: Mass spectrometry guided development and clinical application of a companion diagnostic for adoptive cellular therapy against tumor associated HLA peptides (2018)

Abstract Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) has dramatically changed the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. ACTolog® and ACTengine® are actively personalized ACT approaches employing T-cell receptor products based on a warehouse of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptide targets. Selecting the relevant target candidates requires the establishment of biomarkers predictive for HLA peptide presentation and their development into companion diagnostic devices. Here we describe the development of IMA_Detect, a diagnostic test based on gene expression analysis of primary patient tumor material by qPCR which is predictive for presentation of a target peptide by HLA. To establish mRNA expression levels which indicate actual peptide presentation, data of Immatics' XPRESIDENT® target discovery platform was used by integrating quantitative immunopeptidomics data (label-free LC-MS) with paired transcriptomics data (RNA-Seq). The peptide-specific correlation between peptide presentation and expression of the coding exons was verified for each target individually. The resulting RNA-Seq thresholds were mapped to qPCR thresholds using calibration curves followed by validation of the qPCR assay. The IMA_Detect test is performed in a CLIA/CAP approved setting and is currently being applied in the phase I ACT trials IMA101-101 and IMA201-101 to determine whether a patient's tumor expresses any of the tested targets at levels considered sufficient for potential benefit from the administered T-cell therapy. IMA101-101 uses autologous T-cell products (ACTolog®) for patients with solid cancers while IMA201-101 is based on TCR-engineered T Cells (ACTengine®) in NSCLC and HNSCC patients. We will present first results of the patient screening and the personalized target selection. Citation Format: Jens Fritsche, Arun Satelli, Helen Hörzer, Barbara Rakitsch, Franziska Hoffgaard, Norbert Hilf, Oliver Schoor, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja, Weinschenk Toni. IMA_Detect: Mass spectrometry guided development and clinical application of a companion diagnostic for adoptive cellular therapy against tumor associated HLA peptides [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 662.
62. Aptamer-siRNA Conjugate Directed Transcriptional Gene Silencing in HIV-1 Infected T Cells (2015)

The primary standard of care against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -1 is highly active antiretroviral therapy which is plagued by toxicity and patient compliance. As such, alternative therapies are sought to provide sustained viral inhibition with reduced treatment intervention. One new potential approach, termed transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), involves the use of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) to inhibit gene expression via the induction of concomitant silent-state epigenetic marks on histones and DNA. We previously demonstrated the ability to silence HIV-1 via TGS by targeting sites within the 5’ LTR promoter [1, 2]. However, the lack of efficient, systemic delivery of these RNAs to infected cells hinders successful clinical progression. To address this hurdle, we describe here the development of chimeric molecules based on the previously reported dual function of the gp120 (A-1) aptamer conjugated to 27-mer Dicer-substrate anti-HIV siRNA (dsiRNA) to deliver these sncRNAs to virally infected cells. The efficacy of such a system had been previously demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo to target selectively gp120-expressing cells and to deliver siRNAs for the inhibition of HIV-1 through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) [3]. To validate the ability for nuclear delivery of sncRNAs, we demonstrated, by fluorescent confocal microscopy, 15% nuclear delivery for our novel chimera-delivered dsiRNAs in a gp120 expressing CHO cells. Using nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation of HIV-infected PBMCs, dsiRNAs targeting the susceptible regions within the 5’ LTR showed preferential nuclear localization when compared to a scrambled siRNAs. Additionally, two 800 nM doses at day 5 and 7 post-infection (p.i.) induced 10-fold suppression of viral p24 levels as measured at day 12 p.i. in CEM cells. The LTR-362 27-mer aptamer chimera proved more potent than A-1 tat/rev 27mer chimera, a positive control that inhibits HIV via PTGS. To validate the inhibition occurred via TGS, 5’-Azacytidine and trichostatin A were added at day 5 p.i, and resulted in transcriptional derepression by the A-1 LTR-263 27-mer, but not the A-1 Tat/Rev 27mer. Nuclear run-on analysis provided further confirmation of TGS inhibition. This is the first study to demonstrate RNA-induced TGS of an existing viral infection in both human PBMC and CEM cell lines following application of aptamer-siRNA chimeras.
Abstract 324: An Engineered Protein as an Antidote for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning That Can Reverse Cardiovascular Collapse Through Scavenging of Carbon Monoxide and Rescue of Mitochondrial Respiration (2018)

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most common human poisoning. There is no antidote. One-third of hospitalized patients will have cardiac dysfunction and increased mortality. Little is known about the nature of cardiovascular dysfunction during acute CO poisoning. CO toxicity results from: (1) global hypoxia and decreased oxygen delivery through CO binding to hemoglobin, (2) inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation from CO binding to cytochrome c oxidase, and (3) ensuing superoxide injury. We have developed a recombinant neuroglobin molecule (rNgb) with a high affinity for CO, that can chelate CO from intrinsic heme proteins. Hypothesis: The addition of rNgb will scavenge CO from hemoglobin and cytochrome c oxidase, reversing CO-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. Methods: We inserted micromanometer-tip catheters into the left ventricle of ventilated, severely CO poisoned mice to study the mechanisms of CO-induced cardiovascular collapse. In a similar model, we measured blood pressure and heart rate of severely CO poisoned, ventilated mice through a carotid arterial catheter and treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or rNgb. Hearts were isolated from these mice and we measured tissue respiration using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. We compared the respiration rates of these animals and compared with non-poisoned, sedated control mice. We also compared the enzymatic activity of electron transport chain complexes. Results and Conclusions: When compared to control mice (exposed to 21% oxygen/no CO), CO poisoned mice develop a decreased contractility index (-32.3% baseline vs. -10.8% in control, t-test, p=0.002), hypotension and death, indicating primary cardiac toxicity. CO-poisoned mice treated with PBS had heart tissue respiration that was 62.3% (+/- 7.5%) of sedated control mice (t-test, P=0.015). Treatment of mice with rNgb restored tissue respiration (P=0.037 versus PBS treated mice) similar to control values. CO poisoning reduced the activity level of complex IV in PBS treated mice (P=0.011), but levels were similar to control in rNgb treated mice. These molecular changes were associated with reversal of cardiovascular collapse in rNgb treated mice versus PBS, demonstrating the potential of rNgb as a CO poisoning antidote.
Locally Static, Globally Dynamic Session Types for Active Objects (2019)

Active object languages offer an attractive trade-off between low-level, preemptive concurrency and fully distributed actors: syntactically identifiable atomic code segments and asynchronous calls are the basis of cooperative concurrency, still permitting interleaving, but nevertheless being mechanically analyzable. The challenge is to reconcile local static analysis of atomic segments with the global scheduling constraints it depends on. Here, we propose an approximate, hybrid approach; At compile-time we perform a local static analysis: later, any run not complying to a global specification is excluded via runtime checks. That specification is expressed in a type-theoretic language inspired by session types. The approach reverses the usual (first global, then local) order of analysis and, thereby, supports analysis of open distributed systems.
Use of Backbone Modification To Enlarge the Spatiotemporal Diversity of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor-1 Signaling via Biased Agonism (2019)

The type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1), which regulates calcium homeostasis and tissue development, has two native agonists, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP). PTH forms a complex with the PTHR1 that is rapidly internalized and induces prolonged cAMP production from endosomes. In contrast, PTHrP induces only transient cAMP production, which primarily arises from receptors on the cell surface. We show that backbone modification of PTH(1-34)-NH<sub>2</sub> and abaloparatide (a PTHrP derivative) with a single homologous β-amino acid residue can generate biased agonists that induce prolonged cAMP production from receptors at the cell surface. This unique spatiotemporal profile could be useful for distinguishing effects associated with the duration of cAMP production from effects associated with the site of cAMP production.
A low power, high-speed miniaturized thermal modulator for comprehensive 2D gas chromatography (2010)

In comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), a modulator is placed at the juncture between two separation columns to focus and re-inject eluting mixture components, and thereby enhance the selectivity, sensitivity, and analyte capacity. Here, we present the design, fabrication, and testing of a two-stage microscale thermal modulator (¿TM). The ¿¿ cryogenically trap analytes eluting from the first column and thermally inject them into the second column. For this operation, each stage is periodically heated to 200°C for 100 ms and then cooled to -50°C for a few second. Preliminary results using a conventional capillary column interfaced to the ¿TM demonstrate successful modulation of a mixture of alkanes with a sensitivity enhancement as high as 24 folds.
Acoustic Echo Cancellation in a Channel with Rapidly Varying Gain (2006)

We present a method for performing acoustic echo cancellation in a channel with rapidly varying gain and thus a rapidly varying channel characteristic. This is a situation in which standard AEC approaches perform poorly. Our method involves learning a scale-free channel characteristic (Htilde). We then apply this to a windowed version of the signal and remove the projection of the transformed signal from the output signal. We also develop a "ramp projection" method that allows for a linear variation in gain within the window. We show results in a telephony application with 3 dB to more than 8 dB of improvement over conventional AEC using the simple projection and an additional 1 dB using the ramp projection
Rate-Based Model Predictive Controller for Diesel Engine Air Path: Design and Experimental Evaluation (2016)

This paper presents the development and results of rate-based model predictive control (RB-MPC) for a diesel engine air path. The objective is to regulate the intake manifold pressure and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow estimate to the specified set-points by coordinated control of the Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT), EGR valve, and EGR throttle actuators. We present steps by which we arrive at a controller that has low computational complexity, good tracking performance, and capability to enforce multiple constraints. Through the employed strategies, the need to cover the operating range with multiple linear models and to use a complicated switching controller structure is avoided. Simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the ability of RB-MPC to follow specified set-points while satisfying state and control constraints throughout the engine operating range.
A destructive evolutionary process (2007)

This paper describes the application of evolutionary search to the problem of Flash memory wear-out. The operating parameters of Flash memory are notoriously difficult to determine, as the optimal values vary from batch to batch. These parameters are usually established by an expensive, once off process of manual destructive testing at design time. Testing on individual batches is normally not feasible. We establish the viability of a platform that performs destructive experimentation on hard silicon, using a Genetic Algorithm to automatically discover optimal operating parameter settings. The results demonstrate a minimum average life extension of between 250% and 350% over the factory set read write and erase conditions with a maximum life extension exhibited of 700% for cells within the same device. It was necessary to build specialized hardware to perform the repetitive testing required by the GA, here we describe this hardware and demonstrate how the lessons learned in this pilot study will allow us to proceed with a more complex parallel evaluation platform, which will facilitate a larger problem space, larger population size and diversity of search techniques, facilitating the near no cost life extension of a split-gate Flash memory device.
General Approach to Analysis of Polymorphic Short Tandem Repeat Loci (1996)

Polymerase chain reaction amplification products of 22 known polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci were subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected using a silver staining method. Loci that amplified efficiently and revealed the fewest amplification-related artifacts with this detection method were selected for development of allelic ladders. The combination of allelic ladders and silver stain detection provides an inexpensive and general non-isotopic analytical method for DNA identification. This approach has immediate application in forensic analysis, paternity determination, human cell line identification and monitoring of bone marrow transplants. It can also be adapted to more general applications of genetic analysis in human and other species including detection of genetic disorders and cancers.
Perceptual quality of hybrid echo canceler/suppressor (2004)

Acoustic echoes arise whenever there is acoustic coupling between a loudspeaker and a microphone. A traditional solution for eliminating the undesired echo signal is an acoustic echo canceler (AEC), which identifies the echo path between a loudspeaker and a microphone by means of an adaptive filter. The echo signal can be canceled successfully when the modeling filter approaches the true echo path. In practice, however, a modeling filter often differs from the true echo path due to complicated reasons such as environment changes, the lack of knowledge about the length of the echo path, and so on, resulting in residual echo signals. Another way to mitigate the echo effect is through echo suppression. Unlike an AEC, an acoustic echo suppressor (AES) achieves echo attenuation by means of spectral modification. This approach usually has a much lower complexity, and is robust against minor echo path changes. However, it sometimes introduces audible distortions to the processed signal. Many practical systems combine an AEC and an AES in a sequential way such that the former achieves major echo cancellation, and the latter attenuates the residual echoes. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid approach for addressing the echo problem. The full-band signal is split into two frequency bands, with AEC being applied to the lower band, and an AES to the upper band, respectively. Through subjective tests we demonstrate the superior quality and robustness of this new method, compared to a full-band AEC or a full-band AES.
Collision-induced timing jitter reduction by periodicdispersion management in soliton WDM transmission (1997)

The authors propose to use dispersion management to reduce collision-induced timing jitter in soliton WDM transmission. The performance of dispersion-managed fibres is compared numerically to dispersion-decreasing and uniform dispersion fibres with up to eight channels, and it is shown that dispersion management can provide the best performance.
Automated Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Videos Using Shape and Context Information (2015)

This paper presents the culmination of our research in designing a system for computer-aided detection (CAD) of polyps in colonoscopy videos. Our system is based on a hybrid context-shape approach, which utilizes context information to remove non-polyp structures and shape information to reliably localize polyps. Specifically, given a colonoscopy image, we first obtain a crude edge map. Second, we remove non-polyp edges from the edge map using our unique feature extraction and edge classification scheme. Third, we localize polyp candidates with probabilistic confidence scores in the refined edge maps using our novel voting scheme. The suggested CAD system has been tested using two public polyp databases, CVC-ColonDB, containing 300 colonoscopy images with a total of 300 polyp instances from 15 unique polyps, and ASU-Mayo database, which is our collection of colonoscopy videos containing 19,400 frames and a total of 5,200 polyp instances from 10 unique polyps. We have evaluated our system using free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis. At 0.1 false positives per frame, our system achieves a sensitivity of 88.0% for CVC-ColonDB and a sensitivity of 48% for the ASU-Mayo database. In addition, we have evaluated our system using a new detection latency analysis where latency is defined as the time from the first appearance of a polyp in the colonoscopy video to the time of its first detection by our system. At 0.05 false positives per frame, our system yields a polyp detection latency of 0.3 seconds.
Sulfonic Acids and Sulfonate Salts as Catalysts in Durable-Press Finishing (1977)

Catalysis by sulfonic acids and sulfonate salts has been investigated for producing durable-press properties in cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics. Several alkyl, substituted alkyl, and aromatic sulfonic acids, as well as certain metal, amine, and ammonium salts of the acids, were used as catalysts in a variety of treatments with N-methyloal amide cross-linking agents. The influences of the type of treatment employed, of the catalyst and its concentration, and of curing conditions on properties of the finished fabrics were determined. The acids provided strong catalysis at low concentrations. They were effective in conventional pad-dry-cure finishing, in finishing with curing at lower-than-usual temperatures, and in mild-cure finishing in the presence of some moisture. Sulfonate salts afforded more moderate catalysis than did the acids, although certain salts were surprisingly versatile. A range of catalytic activities was available among various salts of a given sulfonic acid or among a particular salt of various acids.
Thermal energy harvesting device using ferromagnetic materials (2007)

A unique concept for harvesting electrical energy from thermal energy is presented. A thermomechanical actuator was fabricated using ferromagnetic material. The device converts thermal energy into mechanical energy, which can be converted into electrical energy using piezoelectric materials. Magnetic force and operating frequency were measured on the device. Results show that the current power density at ΔT=50K is between 1.85 and 3.61mW∕cm2. A thermal finite element analysis model is also presented to understand the influence of thermal interface, suggesting that increases of 18.5mW∕cm2 or higher are achievable.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding Dialogues: From Natural Autoinducers to Non‐Natural Analogues that Modulate Quorum Sensing in Gram‐Negative Bacteria (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification and Immunological Characterization of Three Potential Vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium Species (2011)

Cryptosporidiosis is a ubiquitous infectious disease, caused by the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum, leading to acute, persistent, and chronic diarrhea with life-threatening consequences in immunocompromised individuals. In developing countries, cryptosporidiosis in early childhood has been associated with subsequent significant impairment in growth, physical fitness, and intellectual abilities. Currently, vaccines are unavailable and chemotherapeutics are toxic and impractical, and agents for immunoprophylaxis or treatment of cryptosporidiosis are a high priority. Availability of the genome sequences for C. hominis and C. parvum provides new opportunities to procure and examine novel vaccine candidates. Using the novel approach of "reverse vaccinology," we identified several new potential vaccine candidates. Three of these antigens--Cp15, profilin, and a Cryptosporidium apyrase--were delivered in heterologous prime-boost regimens as fusions with cytolysin A (ClyA) in a Salmonella live vaccine vector and as purified recombinant antigens, and they were found to induce specific and potent humoral and cellular immune responses, suggesting their potential as new vaccinogens against Cryptosporidium infection.