gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Terminally Functionalized (Co)Polymers via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Subsequent Immobilization to Solid Surfaces with Potential Biosensor Applications (2005)

Herein we report our recent progress in the preparation of stimuli-responsive, terminally functionalized (co)polymers by a controlled radical polymerization (CRP) technique known as reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. We also investigate the potential application of RAFT-generated polymers for sensor and microfluidic applications and the preparation of polymeric bio-conjugates. Three classes of polymers—salt-repsonsive, pH-responsive, and temperature-responsive—have been synthesized in our laboratories and our attempts to immobilize these on to surfaces are reviewed.
Rapid Cytosolic Delivery of Luminescent Nanocrystals in Live Cells with Endosome-Disrupting Polymer Colloids (2010)

Luminescent nanocrystals hold great potential for bioimaging because of their exceptional optical properties, but their use in live cells has been limited. When nanocrystals enter live cells, they are taken up in vesicles. This vesicular sequestration is persistent and precludes nanocrystals from reaching intracellular targets. Here, we describe a unique, cationic core-shell polymer colloid that translocates nanocrystals to the cytosol by disrupting endosomal membranes via a low-pH triggered mechanism. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry indicate that picomolar concentrations of quantum dots are sufficient for cytosolic labeling, with the process occurring within a few hours of incubation. We anticipate a host of advanced applications arising from efficient cytosolic delivery of nanocrystal imaging probes: from single particle tracking experiments to monitoring protein-protein interactions in live cells for extended periods.
Design of an injectable synthetic and biodegradable surgical biomaterial (2010)

We report the design of an injectable synthetic and biodegradable polymeric biomaterial comprised of polyethylene glycol and a polycarbonate of dihydroxyacetone (MPEG-pDHA). MPEG-pDHA is a thixotropic physically cross-linked hydrogel, displays rapid chain relaxation, is easily extruded through narrow-gauge needles, biodegrades into inert products, and is well tolerated by soft tissues. We demonstrate the clinical utility of MPEG-pDHA in the prevention of seroma, a common postoperative complication following ablative and reconstructive surgeries, in an animal model of radical breast mastectomy. This polymer holds significant promise for clinical applicability in a host of surgical procedures ranging from cosmetic surgery to cancer resection.
Singlet Delta Oxygen Production from a Gas���Solid Reaction (2002)

1Δ-O2 can now be made safely and efficiently from gas–solid reactions between alkali-metal peroxides and hydrogen halides [Eq. (1)]. This method avoids the liquid-phase quenching and instability problems associated with the hydrogen peroxide/chlorine system.
Reinforcement Learning Based Conversational Search Assistant. (2017)

In this work, we develop an end-to-end Reinforcement Learning based architecture for a conversational search agent to assist users in searching on an e-commerce marketplace for digital assets. Our approach caters to a search task fundamentally different from the ones which have limited search modalities where the user can express his preferences objectively. The system interacts with the users to display search results to the queries, and gauges user's intent and context of the conversation to choose the next action and reply. To train the agent in the absence of true conversation data, a virtual user is constructed to model a human user using the query and session logs from a major stock photography and digital assets marketplace. The system provides an alternative that is more engaging than the traditional search while maintaining similar effectiveness. This work provides a mechanism to build and deploy bootstrapped version of an effective conversational agent from readily available query log data. The system can then be used to acquire true conversational data and be fine-tuned further. The methodology discussed in this paper can be extended to e-commerce domains in general.
Generalized Gray Codes for Local Rank Modulation (2013)

We consider the local rank-modulation scheme, in which a sliding window going over a sequence of real-valued variables induces a sequence of permutations. Local rank-modulation is a generalization of the rank-modulation scheme, which has been recently suggested as a way of storing information in flash memory. We study gray codes for the local rank-modulation scheme in order to simulate conventional multilevel flash cells while retaining the benefits of rank modulation. Unlike the limited scope of previous works, we consider code constructions for the entire range of parameters including the code length, sliding-window size, and overlap between adjacent windows. We show that the presented codes have asymptotically optimal rate. We also provide efficient encoding, decoding, and next-state algorithms.
On the IF spectral placement of bandpass sampled signals (2013)

Bandpass sampling is a widely used approach to sample a continuous-time bandpass signal, and in so doing, downconvert the signal to a lower intermediate frequency (IF). To date, only a nonlinear relationship between the sampling frequency and IF has been presented. In this paper, a linear relationship between the sampling frequency and IF is derived. Since it is linear, the new finding can be used in more applications than the nonlinear relationship, including those where the IF is of importance. To illustrate this, its usefulness in applications including receiver design and carrier aggregation is discussed.
A 1 GOPS reconfigurable signal processing IC with embedded FPGA and 3-port 1.2 GB/s flash memory subsystem (2003)

A 1 GOPS dynamically reconfigurable processing unit with embedded flash memory and SRAM-based FPGA for image/voice processing/recognition applications is described. Code, data and FPGA bitstreams are stored in the embedded flash memory and are independently accessible through 3 content-specific, 64 b I/O ports with a peak read rate of 1.2 GB/s. The system is implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m 2P 6M CMOS flash technology with a chip area of 70 mm/sup 2/.
Developing an Intelligent Robotic Arm for Stroke Rehabilitation (2007)

Arm impairments in patients post stroke involve the shoulder, elbow and wrist simultaneously. Patients may develop spasticity and reduced range of motion (ROM) at the multiple joints with abnormal couplings between the multiple joints and between the multiple degrees of freedom (DOF). They may lose independent control of individual joints and coordination among the joints. This project is aimed at developing a whole arm intelligent rehabilitation robot capable of controlling the shoulder, elbow, and wrist individually and simultaneously while allowing trunk motions, with the following integrated features: 1) it has unique diagnostic capabilities to determine which joints and which DOFs have significant changes in the neuromechanical properties, which joints lose independent control, what are the abnormal couplings, and whether the problem is due to changes in passive muscle properties or active control capabilities; 2) based on the diagnosis, it stretches the spastic/deformed joints forcefully under intelligent control to loosen up the specific stiff joints/DOFs; 3) with the stiff joints loosened up, the patients practice voluntary functional movements with assistance from the robot to regain/improve their motor control capability; and 4) the outcome is evaluated quantitatively at the levels of individual joints, multiple joints/DOFs, and the whole arm.
Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Anterior Definitive Endoderm (2009)

Anterior definitive endoderm (ADE) is both an important embryonic signaling center and a unique multipotent precursor of liver, pancreas, and other visceral organs. Here we describe a method for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to endoderm with pronounced anterior character. ADE-containing cultures can be produced in vitro by suspension (aggregation or embryoid body) culture and in a serum-free adherent monolayer culture. Purified ES cell-derived ADE cells appear committed to endodermal fates and can undergo further differentiation in vitro towards liver and pancreas with enhanced efficiency.
Spin-transfer torque in multiferroic tunnel junctions with composite dielectric/ferroelectric barriers (2017)

Using model calculations, we demonstrate a very high level of control of the spin-transfer torque (STT) by electric field in multiferroic tunnel junctions with composite dielectric/ferroelectric barriers. We find that, for particular device parameters, toggling the polarization direction can switch the voltage-induced part of STT between a finite value and a value close to zero, i.e. quench and release the torque. Additionally, we demonstrate that under certain conditions the zero-voltage STT, i.e. the interlayer exchange coupling, can switch sign with polarization reversal, which is equivalent to reversing the magnetic ground state of the tunnel junction. This bias- and polarization-tunability of the STT could be exploited to engineer novel functionalities such as softening/hardening of the bit or increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic sensors, which can have important implications for magnetic random access memories or for combined memory and logic devices.
Resilient Routing Layers for Recovery in Packet Networks (2005)

Most existing methods for network recovery are often complex and seldom used by network administrators. In this paper we present a novel approach for global and local recovery named resilient routing layers (RRL). The method is supported by algorithms, but also simple enough for a network administrator to implement by hand for reasonably sized networks. The idea in our approach is that for each node in the network there is a topology subset called a "safe layer", which can handle any traffic affected by a fault in the node itself, or any of its links. We demonstrate that our approach performs well compared to other comparable methods in a wide range of different network topologies. Particularly, we demonstrate RRLs performance for what are assumed to be the weakest parameters for our method, i.e., backup-path lengths and state information overhead. We discuss implementation issues of RRL, and demonstrate its applicability to MPLS networks.
Crystallization and characterization of lipase from Penicillium cyclopium. (1988)

A new lipolytic enzyme (Lipase III), which specifically hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl laurate (p-NPL), was found in the culture broth of Penicillium cyclopium Ml. The enzyme was purified with an overall yield of 27% and crystallized by the addition of ammonium sulfate. The crystalline preparation gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 110, 000 by gel nitration. The enzyme consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (54, 000), which was estimated by SDS-gel electorophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for hydrolysis of p-NPL were 6.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme released glycerol from olive oil more rapidly than lipases from Chromobacterium and Pseudomonas. The enzyme also rapidly hydrolyzed triglycerides in serum in the presence of surface active agents. A linear relationship was found between the absorbance at 555 nm and the amount of triglycerides in serum, when it was assayed by using lipase III, glycerol kinase, and α-glycerophosphate oxidase.
Therapeutic preparations of IVIg contain naturally occurring anti–HLA-E antibodies that react with HLA-Ia (HLA-A/-B/-Cw) alleles (2013)

The US Food and Drug Administration approved intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), extracted from the plasma of thousands of blood donors, for removing HLA antibodies (Abs) in highly sensitized patients awaiting organ transplants. Since the blood of healthy individuals has HLA Abs, we tested different IVIg preparations for reactivity to HLA single antigen Luminex beads. All preparations showed high levels of HLA-Ia and -Ib reactivity. Since normal nonalloimmunized males have natural antibodies to the heavy chains (HCs) of HLA antigens, the preparations were then tested against iBeads coated only with intact HLA antigens. All IVIg preparations varied in level of antibody reactivity to intact HLA antigens. We raised monoclonal Abs against HLA-E that mimicked IVIg's HLA-Ia and HLA-Ib reactivity but reacted only to HLA-I HCs. Inhibition experiments with synthetic peptides showed that HLA-E shares epitopes with HLA-Ia alleles. Importantly, depleting anti-HLA-E Abs from IVIg totally eliminated the HLA-Ia reactivity of IVIg. Since anti-HLA-E mAbs react with HLA-Ia, they might be useful in suppressing HLA antibody production, similar to the way anti-RhD Abs suppress production. At the same time, anti-HLA-E mAb, which reacts only to HLA-I HCs, is unlikely to produce transfusion-related acute lung injury, in contrast to antibodies reacting to intact-HLA.
Open C-shaped permanent magnets for NMR imaging (1995)

Previously developed design methodology provides a systematic analysis of magnetic structures composed of uniformly magnetized prisms that generate uniform fields. The approach is based on the property of cancellation of field singularities at the interfaces between the media. Applications of this design methodology thus far have been restricted to magnetic structures with concave cavity boundaries. However, convex cavity boundaries may be necessary for C-shaped magnetic structures involved in medical NMR imaging that feature a side opening in addition to openings at both ends. This paper introduces transition structures placed in the region of the magnet opening and analyzes their field properties. The results indicate a remarkable benefit of the transition elements in terms of field uniformity and the size of the imaging region.
R-(lambda) Model Based Improved Rate Control for HEVC with Pre-Encoding (2015)

In this paper, we proposed a new rate control algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the latest video coding standard from the ITU/ISO. We use the information of pre-encoded 16x16 coding units (CUs) to estimate the characteristics of the largest coding unit (LCU). Based on the estimates, the proposed R -- λ model can be refined before the real encoding process. This is in contrast to rate control algorithms such as that in the HEVC reference software, where the model is updated based on a previously encoded picture. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control scheme can achieve accurate rate control with a BD-PSNR gain up to 5.37dB, compared to the state-of-the-art rate control algorithm in the HEVC test model (HM) 16.0. The largest PSNR improvement was over 6dB.
An Acute Randomized Controlled Trial of Noninvasive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Essential Tremor (2019)

Peripheral nerve stimulation in ET may provide a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for transient relief of hand tremor symptoms.
RaD‐X: Complementary measurements of dose rates at aviation altitudes (2016)

Abstract The RaD‐X stratospheric balloon flight organized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was launched from Fort Sumner on 25 September 2015 and carried several instruments to measure the radiation field in the upper atmosphere at the average vertical cutoff rigidity R c of 4.1 GV. The German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt) in cooperation with Lufthansa German Airlines supported this campaign with an independent measuring flight at the altitudes of civil aviation on a round trip from Germany to Japan. The goal was to measure dose rates under similar space weather conditions over an area on the Northern Hemisphere opposite to the RaD‐X flight. Dose rates were measured in the target areas, i.e., around vertical cutoff rigidity R c of 4.1 GV, at two flight altitudes for about 1 h at each position with acceptable counting statistics. The analysis of the space weather situation during the flights shows that measuring data were acquired under stable and moderate space weather conditions with a virtually undisturbed magnetosphere. The measured rates of absorbed dose in silicon and ambient dose equivalent complement the data recorded during the balloon flight. The combined measurements provide a set of experimental data suitable for validating and improving numerical models for the calculation of radiation exposure at aviation altitudes.
Polycrystalline Diamond Films as Protection of Zircaloy Fuel Cladding (2014)

Polycrystalline diamond coating is a promising possibility for prevention, or reduction of high temperature oxidation of zirconium alloys. Zirconium alloys are used as cladding material in almost all types of nuclear reactors, where creates a barrier between nuclear fuel and cooling water in the primary circuit. Hydrogen and considerable amount of heat is released during steam oxidation that may occur in an eventual accident. In this paper Zircaloy-2 alloy was covered by polycrystalline diamond layer using Plasma Enhanced Linear Antennas Microwave Chemical Vapor Deposition system reactor. X-Ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements confirmed coverage of the surface area with crystalline and amorphous carbon layer. Characterizations were done for zirconium alloy covered with diamond layer before and after corrosion and irradiation tests - ion beam irradiation tests and high temperature steam exposure.
Comparison of Measurement Techniques for Evaluating the Pressure Dependence of the Viscosity (2001)

Abstract The different methods that can be used for measuring the effect of a hydrostatic pressure on the viscosity of polymer melts are evaluated. A linear low-density polyethylene is chosen as test material, as it can be expected to have a small pressure dependency. Special attention is given to methods employing capillary rheometry, as these methods yield a range of shear rates and pressures that are typically encountered under polymer processing conditions. The accuracy of the different techniques is evaluated considering also the complexity of the experimental devices. First it is investigated to which extent standard capillary rheometry can be used to extract information about the pressure dependency of the viscosity. Secondly, it is shown how the accuracy can be greatly increased by the simple addition of a pressure chamber below the exit of the capillary, with a needle valve to regulate the back pressure. The results from this device are compared with those from a more robust method using a pressurized double piston rheometer and with literature data. The experimental values for the pressure coefficient of the viscosity will also be compared with those predicted from PVT data using Utracki's method.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S8, Tables S1 - S9 from Targeting p300 Addiction in <i>CBP</i>-Deficient Cancers Causes Synthetic Lethality by Apoptotic Cell Death due to Abrogation of <i>MYC</i> Expression (2023)

<p>Supplementary Figure S1. Identification of the p300 gene as a synthetic lethal hit. Supplementary Figure S2. Identification of MYC as a key factor in determining cancer cell survival under p300 depletion in CBP-KO cells or CBP depletion in p300-KO cells. Supplementary Figure S3. MYC transcriptional initiation is inactivated by suppression of histone H3K18/K27 acetylation upon p300 depletion in CBP-deficient cancer cells. Supplementary Figure S4. p300 depletion is lethal in cancer cells harboring loss-offunction mutations in CBP. Supplementary Figure S5. Response of CBP-deficient lung cancer cells to the p300 HAT inhibitor C646. Supplementary Figure S6. Depletion or inhibition of p300 suppresses growth of hematopoietic cancers with loss-of-function mutation of CBP. Supplementary Figure S7. Effect to BRD4 localization in the MYC locus in p300 depletion in CBP-deficient cancer cells. Supplementary Figure S8. CBP/CREBBP and p300/EP300 aberrations and known druggable aberrations of FGFR1 or ERBB2 amplification in lung squamous cell carcinomas and stomach adenocarcinomas. Supplementary Table S1. Raw data of survival fraction in siRNA screen. Supplementary Table S2. The top13 statistically significant pathways obtained from WikiPathways analysis. Supplementary Table S3. Genes commonly involved in the 13 functional pathways. Supplementary Table S4. CBP and p300 mutations in a variety of cancers. Supplementary Table S5. Gene status of tumor cell lines. Supplementary Table S6. siRNAs used in this study. Supplementary Table S7. Antibody for immunoblotting used in this study. Supplementary Table S8. TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays used in this study. Supplementary Table S9. Primer used in this study.</p>
State-of-The-Art Sparse Direct Solvers (2019)

In this chapter we will give an insight into modern sparse elimination methods. These are driven by a preprocessing phase based on combinatorial algorithms which improve diagonal dominance, reduce fill-in, and improve concurrency to allow for parallel treatment. Moreover, these methods detect dense submatrices which can be handled by dense matrix kernels based on multithreaded level-3 BLAS. We will demonstrate for problems arising from circuit simulation, how the improvements in recent years have advanced direct solution methods significantly.
High-speed wafer-fused photodetectors (1997)

Summary form only given. Advances in optical transmission systems have created needs for higher performance detectors on their receiving end. Three requirements that have driven detector design have been lower cost, higher sensitivity, and wavelength selectivity. To meet each of these challenges, a new fabrication technique called wafer fusion has been used. Cost issues have been addressed by using fusion to integrate InGaAs on Si with the aim of eventual integration with VLSI circuitry.
The Construction of a Diamond Detector for Ionising Radiation (1983)

Abstract Previously, diamond detectors used to be made in small quantities from selected natural diamonds; currently they are made from pure synthetic diamonds. At a few volts bias, the current is about 10-7 A when the diamond is irradiated with ß, ? or X rays having energies and dose rates used for radiotherapy in case of teletherapy. A diamond with linear dimensions of 0.8 mm and two opposite faces of granite is glued to the inside of an aluminium cap of 2 mm diameter and 0.1 mm wall thickness. An aluminium bar is glued to the other graphite face and fixed inside the cap. The cap and bar are connected to electrical leads, so that heavy metals are at some distance from the radiosensitive element. The response of 60Co shows rotational symmetry when the detector is irradiated perpendicularly to its axis. The effective measurement point lies nearly on the axis. The radiosensitivity of diamond is independent of the photon energy at effective values between 0.2 and 4 MeV and decreases gradually below 0.2 MeV. Because of their small size, diamond detectors prove very useful for accurate measurement of steep dose gradients. They are therefore applied in electron beams and in the penumbra and build-up regions of megavolt photon beams. The construction and electrical specifications of the detector also allow for dosimetry in vivo. As an example, the detectors are applied for rectal dosimetry.