gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and FLICE-inhibitory protein expression to TRAIL-induced apoptosis of melanoma. (1999)

Past studies have shown that apoptosis mediated by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regulated by the expression of two death receptors [TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) and TRAIL-R2] and two decoy receptors (TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4) that inhibit apoptosis. In previous studies, we have shown that TRAIL but not other members of the tumor necrosis factor family induce apoptosis in approximately two-thirds of melanoma cell lines. Here, we examined whether the expression of TRAIL-R at the mRNA and protein level in a panel of 28 melanoma cell lines and melanocytes correlated with their sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We report that at least three factors appear to underlie the variability in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. (a) Four of nine cell lines that were insensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis failed to express death receptors, and in two instances, lines were devoid of all TRAIL-Rs. Southern analysis suggested this was due to loss of the genes for the death receptors. (b) Despite the presence of mRNA for the TRAIL-R, some of the lines failed to express TRAIL-R protein on their surface. This was evident for TRAIL-R1 and more so for the TRAIL decoy receptors TRAIL-R3 and -R4. Studies on permeabilized cells revealed that the receptors were located within the cytoplasm and redistribution from the cytoplasm may represent a posttranslational control mechanism. (c) Surface expression of TRAIL-R1 and -R2 (but not TRAIL-R3 and -R4) showed an overall correlation with TRAIL-induced apoptosis. However, certain melanoma cell lines and clones were relatively resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis despite the absence of decoy receptors and moderate levels of TRAIL-R1 and -R2 expression. This may indicate the presence of inhibitors within the cells, but resistance to apoptosis could not be correlated with expression of the caspase inhibitor FLICE-inhibitory protein. mRNA for another TRAIL receptor, osteoprotegerin, was expressed in 22 of the melanoma lines but not on melanocytes. Its role in induction of apoptosis remains to be studied. These results appear to have important implications for future clinical studies on TRAIL.
Shear Stress-Strain Data for Structural Adhesives (2002)

The main objective of this investigation was to generate characteristic shear responses for several adhesives used for aerospace structural bonding applications. The shear responses consisted of shear stress-strain curves obtained by standardized tests and characterizing subsequent failure modes at three different environmental conditions. Six of these adhesives were film and the remaining were paste adhesive. In addition, the effects of heat and humidity on the apparent shear strength, shear modulus, and failure modes of each adhesive were investigated by testing at elevated temperatures with humidity-conditioned specimens. The characteristic shear responses were generated using the ASTM D 5656 thick adherend test method. The primary purpose of this report was to make this data available for use in future design and modeling efforts.
Constraint-based simulation of interactions between fluids and unconstrained rigid bodies (2009)

We present a method for simulating stable interactions between fluids and unconstrained rigid bodies. Conventional particle-based methods used a penalty-based approach to resolve collisions between fluids and rigid bodies. However, these methods are very sensitive to the setting of physical parameters such as spring coefficients, and thus the search for appropriate parameters usually results in a tedious time-consuming task. In this paper, we extend a constraint-based approach, which was originally developed for calculating interactions between rigid bodies only, so that we can simulate collisions between fluids and unconstrained rigid bodies without worrying about the parameter tweaking. Our primary contribution lies in the formulation of such interactions as a linear complementary problem in such a way that it can be resolved by straightforwardly employing Lemke's algorithm. Several animation results together with the details of GPU-based implementation are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Upconverting Nanoparticles for Nanoscale Thermometry (2011)

Upconverting materials are capable of absorbing near-infrared light and converting it into short-wavelength luminescence. The efficiency of this remarkable effect is highly temperature dependent and thus can be used for temperature determination (thermometry) on a nanometer scale. All the upconverting materials discovered so far display several (mainly two) narrow emission bands, each of which has its own temperature dependence. The ratio of the intensity of two of these bands provides a referenced signal for optical sensing of temperature, for example inside cells.
Protein and phosphoprotein levels in glioma and adenocarcinoma cell lines grown in normoxia and hypoxia in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures (2012)

We identified subsets of proteins with clearly concordant/discordant behavior between gliomas and adenocarcinomas. In general, monolayer to 3D culture differences are clearer than normoxia to hypoxia differences, with anti-apoptotic, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell survival pathways emphasized in the former and mTOR pathway, transcription, cell-cycle arrest modulation, and increased cell motility in the latter.
Local Delivery of Nitric Oxide from an Eluting Stent to Inhibit Neointimal Thickening in a Porcine Coronary Injury Model (2002)

To assess the effect of a NO-eluting stent on reducing neointimal thickening in a porcine coronary artery stent injury model, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, was incorporated into polyurethane (PU) polymer and coated onto metallic coil stents, and two types of stents with thin and thick barrier coatings were characterized. In vivo biological activity of the NO-eluting stents was assessed by measurement of coronary arterial cGMP levels in 32 pigs/64 arteries at days 1, 2, 7 and 14. Morphometric analyses were performed in 16 pigs to determine the effect of NO-eluting stents on neointimal hyperplasia 28 days following arterial injury. The SNP-coated stents released NO in a controlled manner for up to 4 weeks in the in vitro experiments and an increase in local tissue cGMP levels was demonstrated for up to 14 days. The neointimal area at 28 days was not diminished, however, by NO eluded from either stents of thin or thick barriers (control bare stent - 0.66 mm2, control PU stent - 0.68 mm2, SNP-PU thin coating stent - 0.78 mm2, SNP-PU thick coating stent - 0.85 mm2; all p=NS). In conclusion, the SNP-coated polymer stent exerted a local biological effect on the arterial wall, with sustained elevation of cGMP level. Although local delivery of NO from this device did not reduce neointimal hyperplasia in this porcine model, this polymer-coated stent might be a promising tool for administration of other agents that may modify the reparative tissue responses leading to restenosis.
Characterization of human buccal epithelial cells transfected with the simian virus 40 T-antigen gene (1995)

Serum-free cultures of normal human buccal epithelial cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the SV40 T-antigen (SV40T) gene. Two major lines developed that showed extended lifespans (between 30 and 40 weeks) as compared with the controls (approximately 6 weeks). Continued growth through one or two crises generated several sublines. They expressed the epithelial marker keratin and also exhibited nuclear expression of SV40T. The lines showed abnormal karyotypes with both numerical and structural aberrations and variably responded to agents that normally inhibit growth and/or induce terminal differentiation, i.e. transforming growth factor-beta 1 and fetal bovine serum. One of the lines, termed SVpgC2a, developed into an apparently immortal line, since it had undergone more than 700 population doublings from over 2 years in culture. Further characterization of this line demonstrated its clonal origin, with integration of two copies of SV40T at the same site and the presence of both normal retinoblastoma and wild-type p53 proteins. This line showed high resistance to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta 1 and serum similar to that shown by buccal carcinoma cell line SqCC/Y1. Neither SVpgC2a nor its parental lines were tumorigenic when injected into athymic nude mice, whereas the SqCC/Y1 cells induced tumors. The various lines with extended but finite lifespans, complemented by one immortalized line, which retained non-malignant properties upon extended culture, provide a battery of model systems that will be useful for studying mechanisms of human oral carcinogenesis.
Circuitry for artificial neural networks with non-volatile analog memories (2003)

The design and fabrication of a nonvolatile MOS analog memory (MAM) cell, which is a critical component for the implementation of a neural network chip, is reported. Incorporated in the memory is a novel four-quadrant multiplier which allows either positive or negative stored values and combines the readout with a multiplication with the input signal. Background on artificial neural networks is briefly given, along with a description of how the properties of the memory cell fit in with an integrated circuit implementation. Modified learning algorithms that have been tailored toward VLSI implementation are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Securing Wireless Neurostimulators (2018)

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) typically rely on proprietary protocols to wirelessly communicate with external device programmers. In this paper, we fully reverse engineer the proprietary protocol between a device programmer and a widely used commercial neurostimulator from one of the leading IMD manufacturers. For the reverse engineering, we follow a black-box approach and use inexpensive hardware equipment. We document the message format and the protocol state-machine, and show that the transmissions sent over the air are neither encrypted nor authenticated. Furthermore, we conduct several software radio-based attacks that could compromise the safety and privacy of patients, and investigate the feasibility of performing these attacks in real scenarios.
Backpropagation for Implicit Spectral Densities (2018)

Most successful machine intelligence systems rely on gradient-based learning, which is made possible by backpropagation. Some systems are designed to aid us in interpreting data when explicit goals cannot be provided. These unsupervised systems are commonly trained by backpropagating through a likelihood function. We introduce a tool that allows us to do this even when the likelihood is not explicitly set, by instead using the implicit likelihood of the model. Explicitly defining the likelihood often entails making heavy-handed assumptions that impede our ability to solve challenging tasks. On the other hand, the implicit likelihood of the model is accessible without the need for such assumptions. Our tool, which we call spectral backpropagation, allows us to optimize it in much greater generality than what has been attempted before. GANs can also be viewed as a technique for optimizing implicit likelihoods. We study them using spectral backpropagation in order to demonstrate robustness for high-dimensional problems, and identify two novel properties of the generator G: (1) there exist aberrant, nonsensical outputs to which G assigns very high likelihood, and (2) the eigenvectors of the metric induced by G over latent space correspond to quasi-disentangled explanatory factors.
Effect of pulmonary perfusion on the slopes of single-breath test of CO<sub>2</sub> (2005)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lung perfusion on the slopes of phases II (S(II)) and III (S(III)) of a single-breath test of CO(2) (SBT-CO(2)). Fourteen patients submitted to cardiac surgery were studied during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Pump flow was decreased in 20% steps, from 100% (total CPB = 2.5 l.min(-1).m(-2)) to 0%. This maneuver resulted in a progressive and opposite increase in pulmonary blood flow (PBF) while maintaining ventilator settings constant. SBT-CO(2), respiratory, and hemodynamic variables remained unchanged before and after CPB, reflecting a constant condition at those stages. S(III) was similar before and after CPB (19.6 +/- 2.8 and 18.7 +/- 2.1 mmHg/l, respectively). S(III) was lowest during 20% PBF (8.6 +/- 1.9 mmHg/l) and increased in proportion to PBF until exit from CPB (15.6 +/- 2.2 mmHg/l; P < 0.05). Similarly, S(II) and the CO(2) area under the curve increased from 163 +/- 41 mmHg/l and 4.7 +/- 0.6 ml, respectively, at 20% PBF to 313 +/- 32 mmHg/l and 7.9 +/- 0.6 ml (P < 0.05) at CPB end. When S(II) and S(III) were normalized by the mean percent expired CO(2), they remained unchanged during the protocol. In summary, the changes in PBF affect the slopes of the SBT-CO(2). Normalizing S(II) and S(III) eliminated the effect of changes in the magnitude of PBF on the shape of the SBT-CO(2) curve.
How do people decide about their mi? (2002)

This study aimed to identify the themes that influence decision making processes used by patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (MI). A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews in two district hospitals in North Yorkshire was undertaken. A total of 22 patients admitted to hospital with confirmed second, third, or fourth acute MI were included in the study. The main outcome measure was patients’ perceptions of their experience and the decision to seek medical help.
GPU-Based NSEC3 Hash Breaking (2014)

When a client queries for a non-existent name in the Domain Name System (DNS), the server responds with a negative answer. With the DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC), the server can either use NSEC or NSEC3 for authenticated negative answers. NSEC3 claims to protect DNSSEC servers against domain enumeration, but incurs significant CPU and bandwidth overhead. Thus, DNSSEC server admins must choose between more efficiency (NSEC) or privacy (NSEC3). We present a GPU-based attack on NSEC3 that revealed 64% of all DNSSEC names in the com domain in 4.5 days. This attack shows that the NSEC3 privacy promises are weak and thus DNSSEC server admins must carefully decide whether the limited privacy is worth the overhead. Furthermore, we show that an increase of the cryptographic strength of NSEC3 puts attackers at an advantage, since the cost of an attack does not rise faster than the costs incurred on the DNSSEC server.
Ichnovirus Infection of an Established Gypsy Moth Cell Line (1996)

In the present study, a lepidopteran cell line (Ld-652Y, from the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar) exposed to Hyposoter fugitivus polydnavirus (HfPV) was found to display a variety of cytopathic effects. These included a transient inhibition of cell proliferation, rounding up, aggregation and apoptosis. In addition, unusual paracrystalline structures appeared within the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; similar structures were observed in the spherulocytes of parasitized Malacosoma disstria. Following Coomassie Blue staining, two new cell-associated polypeptides were detected; one of these, an 8 kDa polypeptide, could also be observed following exposure of LD-652Y cells to media taken from infected cultures or to cell-free haemolymph from parasitized M. disstria. After a period of 2-4 weeks, the L. dispar cell cultures were observed to largely recover from the effects of exposure to virus, and resumed proliferation; "transformed' cell populations tended to form aggregates, and adhered less tightly to the substrate. Viral DNA was stably maintained in all recovered cell lines, possibly in chromosomally integrated form.
Data analytics workloads: Characterization and similarity analysis (2014)

Performance of modern day computer systems greatly depends on the wide range of workloads, which run on the systems. Thus, a representative set of workloads, representing the different classes of real-world applications, need to be used by computer designers and researchers for processor design-space evaluation studies. While a number of different benchmark suites are available, a few common benchmark suites like the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks are widely used by researchers either due to ease of setup, or simulation time constraints etc. However, as the popular benchmarks such as SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks do not capture the characteristics of the wide variety of emerging real-world applications, using them as the basis for performance evaluation may lead to either suboptimal designs or misleading results. In this paper, we characterize the behavior of the data analytics workloads, an important class of emerging applications, and perform a systematic similarity analysis with the popular SPEC CPU2006 & SPECjbb2013 benchmarks suites. To characterize the workloads, we use hardware performance counter based measurements and a variety of extracted micro-architecture independent workload characteristics. Then, we use statistical data analysis techniques, namely principal component analysis and clustering techniques, to analyze the similarity/dissimilarity among these different classes of applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the inherent differences between the characteristics of the different classes of applications and how to arrive at meaningful subsets of benchmarks, which will help in faster and more accurate targeted early hardware system performance evaluation.
Early Maladaptive Schemas Characterizing Different Types of Adolescents (2018)

The goal of this study was to find out whether early maladaptive schemas (EMS) can be differentiated between the gifted adolescents and delinquent adolescents. Two groups of adolescents were recruited as participants to be surveyed. 144 gifted adolescents were taken from a gifted science and math education center, and 115 delinquent adolescents who had committed crime were taken from 4 police stations in the area of Gyungnam province in Korea. The Korean version of the Schema Inventory for Children was used to measure the level of the early maladaptive schemas (EMS). Stepwise discriminant function analysis yielded a function containing 5 maladaptive schemas (failure, unrelenting standards, vulnerability to harm and illness, loneness/mistrust/abuse, and subjugation), classifying 75.29 accurately into either gifted adolescents or delinquent adolescents. These results suggested that the types of adolescents (gifted adolescents, and delinquent adolescents) can be predicted based on early maladaptive schemas. The findings are discussed from the perspective of Schema Therapy and school counseling.
Controllable Person Image Synthesis with Attribute-Decomposed GAN (2020)

This paper introduces the Attribute-Decomposed GAN, a novel generative model for controllable person image synthesis, which can produce realistic person images with desired human attributes (e.g., pose, head, upper clothes and pants) provided in various source inputs. The core idea of the proposed model is to embed human attributes into the latent space as independent codes and thus achieve flexible and continuous control of attributes via mixing and interpolation operations in explicit style representations. Specifically, a new architecture consisting of two encoding pathways with style block connections is proposed to decompose the original hard mapping into multiple more accessible subtasks. In source pathway, we further extract component layouts with an off-the-shelf human parser and feed them into a shared global texture encoder for decomposed latent codes. This strategy allows for the synthesis of more realistic output images and automatic separation of un-annotated attributes. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method's superiority over the state of the art in pose transfer and its effectiveness in the brand-new task of component attribute transfer.
Immortalization and Characterization of Porcine Macrophages That Had Been Transduced with Lentiviral Vectors Encoding the SV40 Large T Antigen and Porcine Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (2017)

The domestic pig is an important agricultural animal, and thus, infectious diseases that affect pigs can cause severe economic losses in the global swine industry. Various porcine pathogens target macrophages, which are classical innate immune cells. Although macrophages basically protect the host from pathogens, they also seem to contribute to infectious processes. Therefore, cultured macrophages can be used to develop <i>in vitro</i> models for studying not only genes associated with porcine innate immunity but also the infectious processes of porcine pathogens. However, the availability of porcine macrophage cell lines is limited. In this study, we describe a novel immortalized porcine kidney-derived macrophage (IPKM) cell line, which was generated by transferring the SV40 large T antigen (SV40LT) and porcine telomerase reverse transcriptase (pTERT) genes into primary porcine kidney-derived macrophages using lentiviral vectors. The IPKM displayed a typical macrophage morphology and was routinely passaged (doubling time: about 4 days). These cells were immunostained for macrophage markers. In addition, they exhibited substantial phagocytosis of polystyrene microbeads and released inflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1β were observed after nigericin-induced inflammasome activation in LPS-primed IPKM. These findings suggest that IPKM exhibit the typical inflammatory characteristics of macrophages. By transferring the SV40LT and pTERT genes using lentiviral vectors, we also successfully immortalized macrophages derived from the peripheral blood of a low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient pig. These results suggest that the co-expression of SV40LT and pTERT is an effective way of immortalizing porcine macrophages.