gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congestion-aware single link failure recovery in hybrid SDN networks (2015)

As service providers have started deploying SDN in their networks, traditional IP routers are gradually upgraded to SDN enabled switches. In other words, the network will have traditional IP routers and SDN switches coexisting, and it is called a hybrid SDN network. With such a network, we take advantage of SDN and propose an approach to guarantee traffic reachability in the presence of any single link failure. By redirecting traffic on the failed link to SDN switches through pre-configured IP tunnels, the proposed approach is able to react to the failures very fast. With the help of coordination among SDN switches, we are also able to explore multiple backup paths for the failure recovery. This allows the proposed approach to avoid potential congestion in the post-recovery network by choosing proper backup paths. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme requires only a very few number of SDN switches in the hybrid SDN network to achieve fast recovery and guarantee 100% reachability from any single link failure. It also shows that the proposed approach is able to better load-balance the post-recovery network comparing to IP Fast Reroute and shortest path re-calculation.
A Highly Selective Mitochondria‐Targeting Fluorescent K<sup>+</sup> Sensor (2015)

Abstract Regulation of intracellular potassium (K + ) concentration plays a key role in metabolic processes. So far, only a few intracellular K + sensors have been developed. The highly selective fluorescent K + sensor KS6 for monitoring K + ion dynamics in mitochondria was produced by coupling triphenylphosphonium, borondipyrromethene (BODIPY), and triazacryptand (TAC). KS6 shows a good response to K + in the range 30–500 m M , a large dynamic range ( F max / F 0 ≈130), high brightness ( ϕ f =14.4 % at 150 m M of K + ), and insensitivity to both pH in the range 5.5–9.0 and other metal ions under physiological conditions. Colocalization tests of KS6 with MitoTracker Green confirmed its predominant localization in the mitochondria of HeLa and U87MG cells. K + efflux/influx in the mitochondria was observed upon stimulation with ionophores, nigericin, or ionomycin. KS6 is thus a highly selective semiquantitative K + sensor suitable for the study of mitochondrial potassium flux in live cells.
Neural Network Solves "Traveling-Salesman" Problem (1990)

Experimental electronic neural network solves traveling-salesman problem. Plans round trip of minimum distance among N cities, visiting every city once and only once (without backtracking). This problem is paradigm of many problems of global optimization (e.g., routing or allocation of resources) occuring in industry, business, and government. Applied to large number of cities (or resources), circuits of this kind expected to solve problem faster and more cheaply.
Performance improvements in diode laser arrays (1994)

The average power performance capability of semiconductor laser diode arrays has improved dramatically over the past several years. Additionally, optical conditioning technologies have been developed that increase the effective radiance of stacked two-dimensional arrays by nearly two orders of magnitude. These performance improvements have been accompanied by cost reductions that now make feasible the replacement of flashlamp pump sources by laser diode arrays in a large variety of military and commercial solid state laser systems.
Lymphocyte subset alterations and viral determinants of immunodeficiency disease induction by the feline leukemia virus FeLV-FAIDS (1990)

The FeLV-FAIDS strain of feline leukemia virus consistently induces fatal immunodeficiency. To investigate the immunopathogenesis and viral genetic determinants responsible for the induction of immunodeficiency disease in vivo, we have generated chimeras between the two major viral genomes in the original virus isolate, designated common form clone 61E and major variant clone 61C, which were molecularly cloned directly from DNA of the same animal and tissue. Each of three 61E/C chimeras, containing at minimum a 34-amino-acid segment (including a 6-amino-acid insertion and one amino acid substitution) near the C terminus of the 61C surface glycoprotein (gp70), induced fatal immunodeficiency disease in all (12 of 12) infected animals over a course of 33 +/- 10 weeks. By contrast, animals infected with virus 61E, although persistently antigenemic, remained asymptomatic throughout a 48-week observation period. Beginning 14 weeks after infection, a significant decrease (8 to 10%) in the percent of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes developed in the 61E/C chimera-infected cats, compared with either 61E-infected or control animals. At this time, no significant changes were seen in CD8 cells, B cells, or mitogen-induced blastogenesis. Prior to this initial decline in CD4 cells, the ability of all antigenemic 61E/C-infected cats to generate a primary antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin was markedly impaired, whereas all 61E-infected cats, one 61E/C-infected but nonviremic cat, and all uninfected control cats produced normal antibody responses. The results reported here demonstrate that a major determinant of in vivo immunodeficiency induction by FeLV-FAIDS is contained within a 34-amino-acid C-terminal segment of its surface glycoprotein and that this gp70 alteration determines the early and persistent deficits in CD4+ T lymphocytes and T-cell-dependent antibody responses. We hypothesize that these early immunologic alterations could result from early deletion of a CD4+ helper T-cell subset.
Nanophononic metamaterial: Thermal conductivity reduction by local resonance (2013)

We present the concept of a locally resonant nanophononic metamaterial for thermoelectric energy conversion. Our configuration, which is based on a silicon thin-film with a periodic array of pillars erected on one or two of the free surfaces, qualitatively alters the base thin-film phonon spectrum due to a hybridization mechanism between the pillar local resonances and the underlying atomic lattice dispersion. Using an experimentally-fitted lattice-dynamics-based model, we conservatively predict a drop in the metamaterial thermal conductivity to as low as 50% of the corresponding uniform thin-film value despite the fact that the pillars add more phonon modes to the spectrum.
Numerical simulation of avalanche breakdown within InP-InGaAs SAGCM standoff avalanche photodiodes (1997)

The breakdown location within a planar InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As (InGaAs) separate absorption, grading, charge sheet, and multiplication (SAGCM) avalanche photodiode (APD), using the standoff breakdown suppression design to replace guard rings, depends on the two-dimensional (2-D) geometry of the Zn diffused well. Since the geometry of this p/sup +/ diffusion is dependent upon the surface etch, the effects of varying the etch depth (t/sub standoff/) and length of the sloped etch edge (w/sub slope/) are studied using a two-dimensional drift-diffusion simulator. It is determined that the etch depth brackets a region where center breakdown dominance is possible. To ensure center breakdown within this region it is concluded that there is a maximum value that the slope of the etch walls must not exceed.
Asymmetric multiple description lattice vector quantizers (2002)

We consider the design of asymmetric multiple description lattice quantizers that cover the entire spectrum of the distortion profile, ranging from symmetric or balanced to successively refinable. We present a solution to a labeling problem, which is an important part of the construction, along with a general design procedure. The high-rate asymptotic performance of the quantizer is also studied. We evaluate the rate-distortion performance of the quantizer and compare it to known information-theoretic bounds. The high-rate asymptotic analysis is compared to the performance of the quantizer.
Titration of chaos with added noise (2001)

Deterministic chaos has been implicated in numerous natural and man-made complex phenomena ranging from quantum to astronomical scales and in disciplines as diverse as meteorology, physiology, ecology, and economics. However, the lack of a definitive test of chaos vs. random noise in experimental time series has led to considerable controversy in many fields. Here we propose a numerical titration procedure as a simple "litmus test" for highly sensitive, specific, and robust detection of chaos in short noisy data without the need for intensive surrogate data testing. We show that the controlled addition of white or colored noise to a signal with a preexisting noise floor results in a titration index that: (i) faithfully tracks the onset of deterministic chaos in all standard bifurcation routes to chaos; and (ii) gives a relative measure of chaos intensity. Such reliable detection and quantification of chaos under severe conditions of relatively low signal-to-noise ratio is of great interest, as it may open potential practical ways of identifying, forecasting, and controlling complex behaviors in a wide variety of physical, biomedical, and socioeconomic systems.
Targeting HIV Gag p24 to DICR on dendritic cells induces T cell and potent and long-lasting antibody responses in non-human primates (2012)

Methods We engineered an anti-human DCIR recombinant antibody cross-reacting with the cynomolgus macaque receptor fused via the heavy chain C-terminus to HIV-1 Gagp24 protein (anti-DCIR.Gagp24). HIV patient PBMC cultures were incubated with anti-DCIR and control hIgG4.Gagp24 fusion proteins. After 10 days, the total T cells were challenged with HIV Gagp24 peptide pools, and then antigen-specific cytokine production was detected using intracellular staining. Macaques were also immunized i.d. 3 times with anti-DCIR.Gagp24 or control hIgG4.Gagp24 with or without polyI:C. Gagp24-specific IgG titers from serum were measured by ELISA and the magnitude of the antigen-specific IFNg responses was assessed by ELISPOT.
Magnetic Levitators With Superconductive Components (1995)

Magnetic noncontact levitators that include superconductive components provide vibration-damping suspension for cryogenic instruments, according to proposal. Because superconductive components attached to levitated cryogenic instruments, no additional coolant liquid or refrigeration power needed. Also because vibration-damping components of levitators located outside cold chambers, in ambient environment, not necessary to waste coolant liquid or refrigeration power on dissipation of vibrational energy. At least three levitating magnets and three superconductors necessary for stable levitation.
Efficient and quantitative phase imaging in two‐ and three‐dimensions using electron ptychography in <scp>STEM</scp> (2016)

Historically, the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has not been widely used for phase contrast imaging because the small bright‐field detector required makes use of only a small fraction of the incident electrons and is therefore inefficient with respect to dose. This limitation has hindered the efficient imaging of light elements in STEM. Alternative modes also have limitations. For example, annular dark‐field (ADF) imaging of graphene only makes use of a few percent of the incident electrons, and annular bright‐field imaging (ABF) requires lens aberrations to form an effective phase plate to get contrast from weakly scattering objects. Electron ptychography in the STEM was first demonstrated more than 20 years ago in the context of improving image resolution [1]. At that time, the image field of view was restricted by the limitations of the camera technology and data handling technology. Here we make use of the pnCCD (S)TEM camera, a direct electron pixelated detector from PNDetector, mounted on the JEOL ARM200‐CF aberration corrected microscope. The detector has a grid of 264x264 pixels and operates at a speed of 1000 frames‐per‐second (fps). The detector can achieve a speed of up to 20,000 fps through binning/windowing. ADF images can be recorded simultaneously, as shown by the schematic in Fig. 1. The resulting 4D data set is formed of a series of coherent convergent beam diffraction patterns recorded as a function of illuminating probe position. Here we explore how the bright‐field and dark‐field regions of scattering can be used to enhance the capabilities of STEM. We compare a range of methods that can be used to form the phase image from this data set, including single side‐band [2,3], Wigner distribution deconvolution [4] (used to produce Fig. 2) and ePIE [5]. Phase imaging using ptychography has a relatively simple transfer function [3] and also provides an inherent filter of image noise without reducing the signal strength to form high quality phase images (Fig. 2). Furthermore, the four‐dimensional data set is highly redundant and it is possible to detect and correct for residual aberrations in the image. The ability to deconvolve lens aberrations can further be used to extract three‐dimensional information from a single STEM image acquisition scan. This is achieved by reconstructing the phase image at a specific depth in the sample, which can be performed even though the microscope may not have been focused at that depth (Fig. 3). Finally, we explore the potential for using information outside the bright‐field disc to enhance STEM imaging.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies against<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Lipopolysaccharide Derived from Transgenic Mice Containing Megabase Human Immunoglobulin Loci Are Opsonic and Protective against Fatal Pseudomonas Sepsis (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant human pathogen, and no vaccine is commercially available. Passive antibody prophylaxis using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against protective P. aeruginosa epitopes is an alternative strategy for preventing P. aeruginosa infection, but mouse MAb are not suitable for use in humans. Polyclonal human antibodies from multiple donors have variable antibody titers, and human MAb are difficult to make. We used immunoglobulin-inactivated transgenic mice reconstituted with megabase-size human immunoglobulin loci to generate a human MAb against the polysaccharide (PS) portion of the lipopolysaccharide O side chain of a common pathogenic serogroup of P. aeruginosa, 06ad. The anti-PS human immunoglobulin G2 MAb made from mice immunized with heat-killed P. aeruginosa was specific for serogroup 06ad pseudomonas. The MAb was highly opsonic for the uptake and killing of P. aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of human complement. In addition, 25 microg of the MAb protected 100% of neutropenic mice from fatal P. aeruginosa sepsis. DNA sequence analysis of the genes encoding the MAb revealed V(H)3 and Vkappa2/A2 variable-region genes, similar to variable-region genes in humans immunized with bacterial PS and associated with high-avidity anti-PS antibodies. We conclude that human MAb to P. aeruginosa made in these transgenic mice are highly protective and that these mice mimic the antibody response seen in humans immunized with T-cell-independent antigens such as bacterial PS.
Agrandissement d'image basé sur une carte directionnelle multirésolution (2011)

National audience
Effects of Hedgehog Proteins on Tissue Engineering of Cartilage <i>in Vitro</i> (2002)

The effects of three derivatives of the N-terminal signaling domain of hedgehog proteins on cartilage engineered in vitro were investigated, with specific focus on the ability to increase tissue growth rate and concentrations of major extracellular matrix components, that is, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen, and on the effects on morphological appearance of the tissue. Bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured on biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds with or without the addition of dipalmitoylated sonic hedgehog (dp-shh), dipalmitoylated indian hedgehog (dp-ihh), or sonic hedgehog dimer (shh-dimer) to medium with either 1% or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). All three hedgehog proteins dose-dependently increased construct weights (by up to 1.95-fold, dp-shh at 1,000 ng/mL) and the fraction of GAG over 4 weeks (by up to 2.7-fold, dp-shh at 1,000 ng/mL), as compared to control constructs. Dp-shh and dp-ihh elicited similar responses; a 10-fold higher concentration of nonacylated shh-dimer was necessary to reach comparable results. Positive hedgehog effects were more pronounced in medium containing 1% FBS than in medium containing 10% FBS; however, at either FBS concentration, cartilaginous tissues grown in the presence of hedgehog proteins appeared morphologically more mature. Hedgehog derivatives thus appear as promising candidates to improve the development and composition of engineered cartilage.
Gastrin-releasing peptide-related peptides in a human malignant lung carcinoid tumor. (1983)

Recent immunohistochemical findings have indicated the presence of gastrin-releasing peptide in normal and pathological human lungs. Gastrin-releasing peptide is a 27-amino acid peptide isolated from porcine gut which bears considerable carboxyterminal homology with bombesin. We have characterized the gastrin-releasing peptide-like peptides present in a human malignant lung carcinoid tumor by gel chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results show that this tumor did not contain bombesin; however, this tumor expressed a gastrin-releasing peptide-like compound, several amino-terminal fragments, and a carboxy-terminal fragment of gastrin-releasing peptide.
Arya: Operating System Support for Securely Augmenting Reality (2018)

Augmented reality (AR) applications capture sensor input from a user’s surroundings and overlay virtual output on their perception of the world, enabling new, immersive experiences. However, this technology raises serious security and privacy risks such as malicious or buggy AR output.
Thermostable, Salt Tolerant, Wide pH Range Novel Chitobiase from Vibrio parahemolyticus: Isolation, Characterization, Molecular Cloning, and Expression1 (1992)

A chitobiase gene from Vibrio parahemolyticus was cloned into plasmid pUC18 in Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha. The plasmid construct, pC120, contained a 6.4 kb Vibrio DNA insert. The recombinant gene expressed chitobiase [EC 3.2.1.30] activity similar to that found in the native Vibrio. The enzyme was purified by ion exchange, hydroxylapatite and gel permeation chromatographies, and exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 80 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chitobiose and 6 more substrates, including beta-N-acetyl galactosamine glycosides, were hydrolyzed by the recombinant chitobiase, indicating its putative classification as an hexosaminidase [EC 3.2.1.52]. The enzyme was resistant to denaturation by 2 M NaCl, thermostable at 45 degrees C and active over a very unusual (for glycosyl hydrolases) pH range, from 4 to 10. The purified cloned chitobiase gave 4 closely focussed bands on an isoelectric focusing gel, at pH 4 to 6.5. The N-terminal 43 amino acid sequence shows no homology with other proteins in commercial databanks or in the literature, and from its N-terminal sequence, appears to be a novel protein, unrelated in sequence to chitobiases from other Vibrios reported and unrelated to hexosaminidases from other organisms.
Spexin-Based Galanin Receptor Type 2 Agonist for Comorbid Mood Disorders and Abnormal Body Weight (2019)

Despite the established comorbidity between mood disorders and abnormal eating behaviors, the underlying molecular mechanism and therapeutics remain to be resolved. Here, we show that a spexin-based galanin receptor type 2 agonist (SG2A) simultaneously normalized mood behaviors and body weight in corticosterone pellet-implanted (CORTI) mice, which are underweight and exhibit signs of anhedonia, increased anxiety, and depression. Administration of SG2A into the lateral ventricle produced antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in CORTI mice. Additionally, SG2A led to a recovery of body weight in CORTI mice while it induced significant weight loss in normal mice. In Pavlovian fear-conditioned mice, SG2A decreased contextual and auditory fear memory consolidation but accelerated the extinction of acquired fear memory without altering innate fear and recognition memory. The main action sites of SG2A in the brain may include serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus for mood control, and proopiomelanocortin/corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamus for appetite and body weight control. Furthermore, intranasal administration of SG2A exerted the same anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and decreased food intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, these results indicate that SG2A holds promise as a clinical treatment for patients with comorbid mood disorders and abnormal appetite/body weight.
An Adaptive, Associative Optical Computing Element (1985)

An associative memory is essentially a mechanism for storing pairs of information patterns u¯ and v¯, so that at a later time presentation of one pattern, u¯, will result in recall of the other, v¯. These information patterns are represented here as time-varying vectors, u¯, v¯, of n discrete binary or analogue elements. These vectors could encode, for example, pixel intensities from a n×n 2-D image, strings of characters from a textual database, speech spectral samples, the state variables of a control system, features extracted from a scene, or the output of a robot's sensors. A large number of paradigms have been advanced for implementing associative memory. These 1,2 range from purely deterministic matrix multipliers and content-addressable digital memories to holography and randomly interconnected neural network models. The various associative memory schemes offer differing performance capabilities in terms of such measures as 1,2 information capacity, the ability to recall v¯ when presented with only a similar (e.g., partial or distorted) version of the key pattern u¯, discrimination ability between significantly different u's, information pattern crosstalk, hardware fault-tolerance, pretaught versus adaptive self-organizing capabilties, implementational complexity, and retentiveness/forgeting of old associations. It is sometimes desirable to distinguish an autoassociative memory, where u¯ recalls itself, from a heteroassociative memory, where u¯ and v¯ differ.
Cooperative Adsorption of Carbon Disulfide in Diamine-Appended Metal– Organic Frameworks (2018)

Over one million tons of carbon disulfide are produced globally each year for an array of applications, and emissions of this highly volatile and toxic liquid, known to generate acid rain, remain poorly controlled. As such, materials capable of reversibly capturing this commodity chemical in an energy-efficient manner are of interest. Recently, we detailed a family of diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks capable of selectively capturing carbon dioxide through a cooperative insertion mechanism that promotes efficient adsorption–desorption cycling. We therefore sought to explore the fundamental ability of these materials to capture CS2 through a similar mechanism. Employing crystallography, spectroscopy, and gas adsorption analysis, we demonstrate that CS2 is indeed cooperatively adsorbed in N,N-dimethylethylenediamine-appended M2(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Zn; dobpdc4− = 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate), via the formation of electrostatically paired ammonium dithiocarbamate chains. Notably, in the weakly thiophilic Mg congener, chemisorption is cleanly reversible with mild thermal input. Importantly, this work demonstrates that the hitherto CO2-specific cooperative insertion mechanism can be generalized to other high-impact target molecules.