gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of fast spin echo cusp artifact using a slice‐tilting gradient (2010)

A "featherlike" artifact, termed a cusp artifact, is sometimes seen along the phase-encoding direction in sagittal or coronal fast spin echo images. This artifact arises from the spins, at a location distant from the magnet isocenter, that are excited and aliased to the field of view because their precession frequency is similar to those at the isocenter. Such a situation is created due to a combination of excessive gradient nonlinearity and rapid change of the main magnetic field near the edge of the magnet where the artifact-producing spins are located. A novel technique is proposed to reduce this artifact, in which a fast spin echo pulse sequence is modified to slightly tilt the slice selected by the radiofrequency excitation pulse away from the slice selected by the radiofrequency refocusing pulses. At the edge of the field of view, the incomplete overlap between the slices selected by the excitation and refocusing pulses effectively reduces the signals from the artifact-prone region. In contrast, the slices overlap substantially within the field of view so that the signals are largely retained. This slice-tilting technique has been implemented on two commercial MRI scanners operating at 3.0 T and 1.5 T, respectively, and evaluated on phantoms and human spine and extremities using clinical protocols. Both phantom and human results showed that the technique decreased the strength of the cusp artifact by at least 65% and substantially limited the spatial extent of the artifact. This technique, which can be further enhanced by a simple postprocessing step, offers significant advantages over a number of other techniques for reducing the fast spin echo cusp artifact. It can be implemented on virtually any scanner without hardware modification, complicated calibration, sophisticated image reconstruction, or patient-handling alteration.
Corrosion Behaviour of Zinc Coated Steel in Silica Fume Concrete (1989)

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Energy related optical coatings (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Thelen; Energy related optical coatings. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 March 1982; 20 (3): 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.571290 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Fabrication of a MnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/gadolinia-doped Ceria (GDC) Dual-phase Composite Membrane for Oxygen Separation (2010)

A dual-phase ceramic membrane consisting of gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) as an oxygen ion conducting phase and MnCo 2 O 4 as an electron conducting phase was fabricated by sintering a GDC and MnCo 2 O 4 powder mixture. The MnCo 2 O 4 was found to maintain its spinel structure at temperatures lower than 1200 o C. (Mn,Co)(Mn,Co)O 4 spinel, manganese and cobalt oxides formed in the sample sintered at 1300 o C in an air atmosphere. XRD analysis revealed that no reaction phases occurred between GDC and MnCo 2 O 4 at 1200 o C. The electrical conductivity did not exhibit a linear relationship with the MnCo 2 O 4 content in the composite membranes, in accordance with percolation theory. It increased when more than 15 vol% of MnCo 2 O 4 was added. The oxygen permeation fluxes of the composite membranes increased with increasing MnCo 2 O 4 content and this can be explained by the increase in electrical conductivity. However, the oxygen permeation flux of the composite membranes appeared to be governed not only by electrical conductivity, but also by the microstructure, such as the grain size of the GDC matrix.
A High Performance pMOSFET with Two-step Recessed SiGe-S/D Structure for 32nm node and Beyond (2006)

A novel SiGe-S/D structure for high performance pMOSFET called two-step recessed SiGe -source/drain (S/D) is developed with careful optimization of recessed SiGe-S/D structure. With this method, hole mobility, short channel effect and S/D resistance in pMOSFET are improved comparing with conventional recessed SiGe-S/D structure. To enhance device performance such as drain current drivability, SiGe region has to be closer to channel region. Then, conventional deep SiGe S/D region with carefully optimized shallow SiGe SDE region showed additional device performance improvement without SCE degradation. As a result, high performance 24 nm gate length pMOSFET was demonstrated with drive current of 451 μA/μm at |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> | of 0.9V, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> | of 100 nA/μm (552 μA/μm at |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> | of 1.0V). Furthermore, by combining with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> scaling, we indicate the extendability of two-step recessed SiGe-S/D structure down to 15 nm node generation.
Use of poly(phenyl quinoxaline) as an electron transport material in polymer light-emitting diodes (1996)

We report the use of a poly(phenyl quinoxaline) (PPQ) as an electron transporting conjugated polymer for electroluminescence (EL) applications. Single-layer PPQ devices with ITO anode and aluminium cathode show unipolar electron transport with current densities up to 60 mA/cm2 but no emission. Two-layer structures combining PPQ as electron transport material with the hole transporting poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene) (PDAOPV) show strong emission from the PDAOPV with brightnesses up to 250 cd/m2. These two-layer structures have a maximum EL quantum efficiency of 0.35% which is ten-fold enhanced compared with the corresponding single-layer PDAOPV devices.
Rapidly exploring learning trees (2017)

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) for path planning enables robots to learn cost functions for difficult tasks from demonstration, instead of hard-coding them. However, IRL methods face practical limitations that stem from the need to repeat costly planning procedures. In this paper, we propose Rapidly Exploring Learning Trees (RLT*), which learns the cost functions of Optimal Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT*) from demonstration, thereby making inverse learning methods applicable to more complex tasks. Our approach extends Maximum Margin Planning to work with RRT* cost functions. Furthermore, we propose a caching scheme that greatly reduces the computational cost of this approach. Experimental results on simulated and real-robot data from a social navigation scenario show that RLT* achieves better performance at lower computational cost than existing methods. We also successfully deploy control policies learned with RLT* on a real telepresence robot.
Plasma high density lipoprotein is increased in man when low density lipoprotein (LDL) is lowered by LDL-pheresis. (1986)

Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were increased in five hypercholesterolemic normoglyceridemic patients after removal of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) by LDL-pheresis. In each patient up to 80% of circulating LDL was removed by passing plasma through immunoadsorption columns containing antibody to apolipoprotein B immobilized to Sepharose. Rebound of LDL was slow after the procedure: 5-7 days in four non-familial hypercholesterolemic patients and greater than 14 days in one patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Plasma HDL rose above the pretreatment baseline during the interval between treatments in four of the five patients. When treatments were repeated weekly, time-averaged plasma LDL was lowered by 40-70%, while plasma HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI were increased up to 2-fold, depending on the degree of LDL lowering. Plasma HDL concentrations fell back to their baseline values when LDL-pheresis was stopped and rose again when treatment was restarted. Thus, LDL-pheresis may augment the therapeutic effectiveness of LDL lowering by raising plasma HDL levels and the concentration of HDL relative to LDL.
Covalently tethered TGF‐ <b>β</b> 1 with encapsulated chondrocytes in a PEG hydrogel system enhances extracellular matrix production (2014)

Healing articular cartilage defects remains a significant clinical challenge because of its limited capacity for self-repair. While delivery of autologous chondrocytes to cartilage defects has received growing interest, combining cell-based therapies with growth factor delivery that can locally signal cells and promote their function is often advantageous. We have previously shown that PEG thiol-ene hydrogels permit covalent attachment of growth factors. However, it is not well known if embedded chondrocytes respond to tethered signals over a long period. Here, chondrocytes were encapsulated in PEG hydrogels functionalized with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) with the goal of increasing proliferation and matrix production. Tethered TGF-β1 was found to be distributed homogenously throughout the gel, and its bioactivity was confirmed with a TGF-β1 responsive reporter cell line. Relative to solubly delivered TGF-β1, chondrocytes presented with immobilized TGF-β1 showed significantly increased DNA content, and GAG and collagen production over 28 days, while maintaining markers of articular cartilage. These results indicate the potential of thiol-ene chemistry to covalently conjugate TGF-β1 to PEG to locally influence chondrocyte function over 4 weeks. Scaffolds with other or multiple tethered growth factors may prove broadly useful in the design of chondrocyte delivery vehicles for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Retinal Vessel Detection using Self-Matched Filtering (2007)

Automated analysis of retinal images usually requires estimating the positions of blood vessels, which contain important features for image alignment and abnormality detection. Matched filtering can produce the best results but is difficult to implement because the vessel orientations and widths are unknown beforehand. Many researchers use Hessian filtering, which provides an estimate for vessel orientation through the use of three orientation templates. We propose a novel filtering approach, called self-matched filtering, which is based on the 180deg rotated version of the noisy vessel signal in the local neighborhood. We show that even though the proposed filter achieves half the signal-to-noise ratio of a matched filter, it does not require the estimation of the vessel scale and orientation, and can outperform Hessian filtering by up to a factor of two in terms of miss detection error.
Identifying untestable faults in sequential circuits (1995)

Through their simulation-based engineering (SBE) design partnership, Goodyear achieved a substantial competitive advantage in new product development and Sandia National Laboratories was able to solve previously intractable nuclear weapons design problems. However, while other governments invest heavily in SBE for global competitiveness, the US has eliminated technical-transfer funding that was critical to establishing the Goodyear-Sandia partnership.
Modeling Random Telegraph Noise as a Randomness Source and its Application in True Random Number Generation (2015)

The random telegraph noise (RTN) is becoming more serious in advanced technologies. Due to the unpredictability of the physical phenomenon, RTN is a good randomness source for true random number generators (TRNG). In this paper, we build fundamental randomness models for TRNGs based on single trap- and multiple traps-induced RTN. We theoretically derive the autocorrelation coefficient, bias, and bit rate for RTN-based TRNGs. Two representative RTN-based TRNG schemes are simulated to verify the proposed randomness models. An oscillator-based TRNG is also studied based on the theoretical randomness model of multiple traps-induced RTN. We also provide basic guidelines for designing RTN-based TRNGs.
Absorption spectra of Se and HgI2 chains in channels of AlPO4-5 single crystal (1997)

The absorption spectra are reported for isolated Se and HgI2 semiconductor chains accommodated in AlPO4-5 (AFI) channels of diameter 7.3 Å. The lowest electronic excitation states of the isolated chains are shifted to higher energy from the band edge transitions of their bulk crystals. The blue shifts are qualitatively explained by the quantum confinement effects of carriers in a one-dimensional wire. The experimental result of the Se/AFI is in good agreement with the theoretical expectation based on the effective-mass-approximation. The result of the HgI2/AFI, however, does not agree with the calculation. The different behaviors of the Se/AFI and the HgI2/AFI are expected to result from their different electronic structures.
Diagnosis of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno Experts’ Criteria (2015)

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food, in subjects that are not affected by either celiac disease or wheat allergy. Given the lack of a NCGS biomarker, there is the need for standardizing the procedure leading to the diagnosis confirmation. In this paper we report experts' recommendations on how the diagnostic protocol should be performed for the confirmation of NCGS. A full diagnostic procedure should assess the clinical response to the gluten-free diet (GFD) and measure the effect of a gluten challenge after a period of treatment with the GFD. The clinical evaluation is performed using a self-administered instrument incorporating a modified version of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. The patient identifies one to three main symptoms that are quantitatively assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale with a score ranging from 1 to 10. The double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge (8 g/day) includes a one-week challenge followed by a one-week washout of strict GFD and by the crossover to the second one-week challenge. The vehicle should contain cooked, homogeneously distributed gluten. At least a variation of 30% of one to three main symptoms between the gluten and the placebo challenge should be detected to discriminate a positive from a negative result. The guidelines provided in this paper will help the clinician to reach a firm and positive diagnosis of NCGS and facilitate the comparisons of different studies, if adopted internationally.
Deuterated Δ<sup>7</sup>-Cholestenol Analogues as Mechanistic Probes for Wild-Type and Mutated Δ<sup>7</sup>-Sterol-C5(6)-desaturase (2000)

Deuterium-labeled 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol (1) bearing one or two deuteriums at the C-5alpha and (or) C-6alpha positions was synthesized in high isotopic and chiral purity. These compounds were used as substrates with the microsomal wild-type Zea mays and recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Delta(7)-sterol-C5(6)-desaturases (5-DES) to probe directly the stereochemistry and the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction. Clearly, in the conversion of 1 by both 5-DESs, the 6alpha-hydrogen is removed. [6alpha-(2)H]-5alpha-Cholest-7-en-3beta-ol shows an intermolecular deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE) on V and V/K, (D6)V = 2.6+/-0.3, (D6)V/K = 2.4+/-0.1; and (D6)V = 2.3 +/-0.3, (D6)V/K = 2.3+/-0.2 for the Zea mays and A. thaliana wild-type 5-DES, respectively. In contrast, negligible or minor isotope effects, (D5)V = 0.99+/-0.04, (D5)V/K = 0.91+/-0.08; and (D5)V = 0.93 +/-0.06, (D5)V/K = 0.96+/-0.04, respectively, were observed with [5alpha-(2)H]-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. The observed pattern of isotope effects strongly suggests that the plant 5-DES initiates oxidation by cleavage of the chemically activated C6alpha-H bond, a step which appears to be partially rate-limiting in the desaturation process. Cleavage of the C5-H bond has a negligible isotope effect, indicating that the desaturation involves asynchronous scission of the two C-H bonds at C5 and C6. We showed previously [Taton, M., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 701] that threonine 114 was not essential to maintaining desaturase activity, although V/K values for mutant T114I and T114S were respectively 10-fold lower and 4-fold higher than that of the native 5-DES. In this study, we combined variation in enzyme structure and DKIE studies and showed that (D6)V and (D6)V/K increased respectively to 3.8+/-0.3 and 3.8+/-0.4 in mutant T114I and decreased respectively to 1.6+/-0.4 and 1.7+/- 0.1 in mutant T114S. The data suggest that the conserved hydroxyl function at position 114 in the ERG3 family makes the abstraction of the 6alpha-hydrogen atom substantially less rate-limiting during the 5-DES reaction. Based on the data, a tentative mechanism for the desaturation of cholest-7-en-3beta-ol is proposed.
Evaluation and Application of a Commercial Single Capillary Viscometer System for The Characterization of Molecular Weight Distribution and Polymer Chain Branching (1990)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the performance of the newly introduced Millipore Waters GPC-viscometer system. In particular, the capabilities of the data analysis methodology are evaluated and limitations are identified. Potential modifications to improve the data analysis methodology and to make it more user friendly are suggested. The characterization of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and polymer branching for polymer standards and polymers of commercial interest are reported.
Infection in atopic dermatitis (2003)

The current review will examine recent literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of infection in atopic dermatitis. These observations are likely to have importance implications for management of atopic dermatitis.
Acquisition of Direct Sequence Signals with Modulation and Jamming (1986)

The effects of data modulation and/or narrow-band interference on the acquisition time of direct sequence (DS) systems are assessed when particular acquisition schemes are selected. Finally, the results of these analyses are used to propose receivers which mitigate the deleterious effects of the data or jamming. The analyses demonstrate that the I-Q detector, modified for a data modulated carrier, is superior to the correlator/square-law detector despite the latter's robustness to data. When the average pulsed jammer power is constrained, the analyses illustrate that the jammer's duty factor does not impact acquisition time when the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is high; a duty factor of unity maximally degrades acquistion performance when the PRF is low. A proposed adaptive receiver provides considerable jamming protection; the acquistion performance of such a receiver bounds the performance of all adaptive acquistion receivers.
TCP performance issues over wireless links (2001)

This article discusses the problems arising when the TCP/IP protocol suite is used to provide Internet connectivity over existing and emerging wireless links. Due to the strong drive toward wireless Internet access through mobile terminals, these problems must be carefully studied in order to build improved systems. We review wireless link characteristics using wireless LANs and cellular communications systems as examples. We then outline the performance problems of the TCP/IP protocol suite when employed over those links, such as degraded TCP performance due to mistaking wireless errors for congestion. We present various proposals for solving these problems and examine their benefits and limitations. Finally, we consider the future evolution of wireless systems and the challenges that emerging systems will impose on the Internet protocol suite.
Circuit Techniques using Substrate Bias for Design ofRadiation Hardened Voltage Controlled Oscillator (2017)

Rradiation effect causes some major impact on CMOS devices, such as the switch point, change output rail voltage, and the increased leakage current. If radiation is high, proper inverter operation fails. We suggest a scheme to maintain the output voltage by making V gs negative when the NMOS cuts off. This paper shows the structural CMOS with and without radiation and variation of electrical properties of device under various radiations doses and proposes a modified CMOS circuit which mitigates radiation effects by improving switch point in I-V characteristic. In order to redesign the circuit for radiation resistance; the above radiation hardened inverter circuit is implemented in each of Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) gates using Radiation Hardened By Design (RDBD) technique.
Second-generation photocatalytic materials: anion-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (2005)

Previous experimental studies describe an efficient photoresponse in the visible-light region for anion-doped TiO2. Doping with carbon, nitrogen, as well as sulfur, yields promising second-generation photocatalysis with TiO2. We present a theoretical investigation of substitutional anion doping in TiO2 and discuss doping effects on the electronic structure, and subsequently the photoactivity. The resulting bandgap narrowing predicted in this work is consistent with experimental observations. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of doping concentration on the localization properties of the valence band edge. Our systematic study of anion-doped TiO2 implies that the carbon-doped TiO2 is the most promising due to a significant overlap between the O 2p state and the carbon states near the valence band edge. Additionally, carbon dopants produce the largest valence band red shift of the three anion-doped TiO2 studied.
4-(Trimethylsilyl) Morpholine as a Multifunctional Electrolyte Additive in High Voltage Lithium Ion Batteries (2020)

In this study we characterize 4-(trimethylsilyl) morpholine ( TMSML ) as a multifunctional electrolyte additive in Li 1.03 (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 ) 0.97 O 2 (NMC532)//Graphite cells operating at 3–4.4 V. This additive completely prevents the hydrolysis of LiPF 6 caused by traces of water in a carbonate electrolyte, both ex and in situ. It also inhibits oxidative decomposition of electrolyte on the energized cathode, impedes the formation of electrically insulating deposits on the cathode surface, decreases transition metal loss from the cathode in aged cells, improves the discharge capacity retention, and decreases the rise of cell resistance during aging. We trace these beneficial functions to the ease of nucleophilic substitution and the N–Si bond dissociation in the TMSML . Our results suggest that TMSML could be a promising electrolyte additive in the high voltage lithium ion batteries.