gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Welding filler metal and procedure development for EPRI`s NOREM hardfacing alloy (1995)

Iron-based wear-resistant alloys, designated NOREM, have been developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to address radiation exposure concerns to maintenance personnel in nuclear power plants. The often used cobalt-base alloys have been shown to be a major contributor to radiation field buildup as a result of cobalt wear particles passing through the reactor vessel and becoming ted, These ted particles are then transported throughout the primary nuclear system. This paper summarizes the results of the EPRI sponsored project which focused on the development of consumables and welding parameters for in-situ application. The development of hardfacing rod and wire product forms which yield multi-layer, crack-free deposits on both carbon and stainless steel substrates without the need for preheat, presented some unique challenges. This paper discusses the effect of various alloying and impurity elements on weldability. Results of galling wear, corrosion resistance, mechanical testing, as compared with the more traditional materials, will also be reported. Finally, material specifications and welding parameters will be provided, along with an overview of current nuclear utility applications.
Current distortion reduction in 6-pulse parallel-connected AC/DC rectifiers (2008)

Summary form only given. This paper presents an innovative method for reducing current distortion on the ac side of 6-pulse parallel- connected ac/dc rectifiers. The principle of the method is to modify the current waveforms on the dc side of the rectifier by using two self-commutated switches (IGBT's). It is demonstrated that an accurate shaping of currents on the dc side, achieves low distortion levels in currents IA, IB, and IC on the ac side. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by laboratory recordings, which are related to steady state and transient studies.
Plant Viral Expression Vectors: History and New Developments (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Plant RNA Viruses as Expression Vectors Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Potato virus X (PVX) Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) Biological Activity of Target Molecules Efficacy of Plant Virus-produced Antigens Vaccine Antigens Particle-based Vaccine Antigen Delivery Other Uses of Plant Virus Particles Plant Viruses as Gene Function Discovery Tools New Approaches to the Development of Viral Vectors Conclusion References
A 52‐kb deletion in the <i>SOST‐MEOX1</i> intergenic region on 17q12‐q21 is associated with van Buchem disease in the Dutch population (2002)

Van Buchem disease is an autosomal recessive sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by skeletal hyperostosis, overgrowth of the mandible, and a liability to entrapment of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves. The genetic determinant maps to chromosome 17q12-q21. We refined the critical interval to the < 1-Mb region between D17S2250 and D17S2253 in 15 affected individuals, all of whom shared a common disease haplotype. Furthermore, we report here the identification of a 52-kb deletion located within the interval and encompassing D17S1789 that is 100% concordant with the disorder. Although the deletion itself does not appear to disrupt the coding region of any known or novel gene(s), the closest flanking genes are MEOX1 on the proximal side, and SOST on the distal side of the deletion. MEOX1 is known to be important for the development of the axial skeleton, whereas the SOST gene is the determinant of sclerosteosis, a disorder that shares many features with van Buchem disease, thus raising the possibility that van Buchem disease results from dysregulation of the expression of one or both of these genes.
Optical Injection Locking of a Coupled Optoelectronic (2009)

and the optoelectronic loop is shown in the blue box. The laser schematic is shown in Fig. 1. The optical cavity, denoted by a red line, consists of a commercially available semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), an 80/20 ratio output coupler (OC), a fiber phase shifter (FPS) for fine control of the cavity length, controlled with a voltage controller (VC), two polarization controllers (PC), a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator (IM) to achieve mode-locking, a 90/10 ratio injection coupler, and an optical isolator (ISO) to ensure unidirectional propagation. The cavity length is approximately 9.3 m, corresponding to a cavity fundamental frequency of 21 MHz. The optoelectronic loop, highlighted by a blue box, detects the beating between resonant modes of the laser cavity via a photodetector (PD) at harmonics of the cavity fundamental frequency. The desired harmonic to be used for mode-locking is selected using an RF bandpass filter (BPF), fed through an RF Amplifier (RFA), and applied to the intensity modulator to achieve regenerative mode-locking. A voltage controlled RF phase shifter is included in the loop to match the phases in the two loops. The repetition rate of the COEO is set by the cavity length in agreement with the transmission of the RF bandpass filter. An optical coupler allows 40% of the laser cavity output to be used as the overall system output, with the remaining power being used to drive the photodetector. An RF coupler after the amplifier provides RF output from the system. The laser produces an average optical output power of 4 mW and an RF output power of greater than 12 dBm. a2511_1.pdf CThF3.pdf
Chemical Approach to Control Morphology of Coke Produced in Delayed Coking (2006)

Air oxidation of vacuum resid delayed coker feeds promotes the formation of anisotropic shot coke. The combination of the microcarbon residue test (MCRT) on a feed to the delayed coker followed by cross-polarized light optical microscopy on the coke produced in the MCRT is a predictive test for the morphology of the coke formed in delayed cokers. Sponge-coke-forming feeds produce cokes with highly anisotropic (ordered) 10−60 μm flow domains, whereas shot-coke-forming feeds produce cokes with a less anisotropic mosaic structure of 1−10 μm. Air oxidation increases both the asphaltene content and the polarity of the asphaltenes by increasing the organic oxygen heteroatom content of the asphaltenes in vacuum resid feeds. The higher solubility parameter of the oxidized asphaltenes favors phase separation from the hydrocarbon matrix and leads to shot coke formation. Another possible explanation is that the oxygen incorporated in the asphaltene structures leads to more rapid coke formation, thus favoring shot coke. Our experiments do not allow a distinction to be made between these two possible explanations for the increased shot coke formation tendency following oxidation of the resid.
Quadrature coil system for simultaneous reception (1993)

A quadrature multiple RF coil system is developed for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging system to maximize signal to noise ratio over a given field of view. Conceptual coil conductor patterns are formulated, a theoretical analysis of magnetic field patterns is performed, and coil coupling effects between other coils in the system and the NMR sample are quantified. A prototype based on the theoretical work is constructed. The prototype was tested to verify the theoretical work performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Nonlinear Control Strategy for Boom Cranes in Radial Direction (2007)

To increase the effectiveness of the cargo transshipment process is one of the most important objectives for the automation of cranes. Therefore new control strategies are applied. This paper presents a nonlinear controller in order to solve the trajectory tracking and disturbance rejection problem for a boom crane. A model of the crane dynamics in radial direction is derived considering the dominant nonlinearities such as the actuator kinematics. Further on, the coupling of a slewing and luffing motion is taken into account. This coupling is caused by the centrifugal acceleration of the load in radial direction during a slewing motion. Based on the nonlinear model a linearizing and disturbance decoupling control law is derived and discussed. Measurement results from the boom crane validate the good performance of the nonlinear controller.
Silicon-Film{trademark} Solar Cells by a Flexible Manufacturing System (1999)

AstroPower is developing a manufacturing process for Silicon-Film{trademark} solar cell production under the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Technology (PVMaT) cost-share program. This document reports on results from the first phase of a three-phase effort. Progress is reported on developing new procedures and equipment for in-line wet-chemical processes, metallization processes, sheet fabrication, solar cell processing, module assembly, solar cell testing, metallurgical-grade silicon purification, and recycling of Silicon-Film{trademark} sheet materials. Future concepts and goals for the Silicon-Film{trademark} process are also discussed.
Reflective Display Associated with In-Plane Rotation of Nematic Liquid Crystal (2001)

We have fabricated a novel reflective nematic liquid-crystal cell driven by a fringe field. In the absence of an electric field, the liquid-crystal molecule is homogeneously aligned and when a fringe field induced by interdigital electrodes is applied, liquid-crystal molecules rotate in plane in the entire whole area. A conventional in-plane switching (IPS) cell was impossible for application to a reflective system due to its low aperture ratio. However, a newly designed fringe-field switching (FFS) cell is possible due to its high transmittance. Furthermore it exhibits a wide viewing angle intrinsically owing to the in-plane rotation of the liquid-crystal director. Several reflective systems with either two polarizers or one polarizer with a quarter-wave retardation film are possible. In this study, we investigate the switching principle of each system and compare their electrooptic characteristics by simulation and experiment.
Joint Dictionaries for Zero-Shot Learning (2018)

A classic approach toward zero-shot learning (ZSL) is to map the input domain to a set of semantically meaningful attributes that could be used later on to classify unseen classes of data (e.g. visual data). In this paper, we propose to learn a visual feature dictionary that has semantically meaningful atoms. Such a dictionary is learned via joint dictionary learning for the visual domain and the attribute domain, while enforcing the same sparse coding for both dictionaries. Our novel attribute aware formulation provides an algorithmic solution to the domain shift/hubness problem in ZSL. Upon learning the joint dictionaries, images from unseen classes can be mapped into the attribute space by finding the attribute aware joint sparse representation using solely the visual data. We demonstrate that our approach provides superior or comparable performance to that of the state of the art on benchmark datasets.
High-Throughput Nanofabrication of Infrared Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays for Vibrational Nanospectroscopy (2010)

The introduction of high-throughput and high-resolution nanofabrication techniques operating at low cost and low complexity is essential for the advancement of nanoplasmonic and nanophotonic fields. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel fabrication approach based on nanostencil lithography for high-throughput fabrication of engineered infrared plasmonic nanorod antenna arrays. The technique relying on deposition of materials through a shadow mask enables plasmonic substrates supporting spectrally sharp collective resonances. We show that reflectance spectra of these antenna arrays are comparable to that of arrays fabricated by electron beam lithography. We also show that nanostencils can be reused multiple times to fabricate a series of infrared nanoantenna arrays with identical optical responses. Finally, we demonstrate fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures in a variety of shapes with a single metal deposition step on different substrates, including nonconducting ones. Our approach, by enabling the reusability of the stencil and offering flexibility on the substrate choice and nanopattern design, could facilitate the transition of plasmonic technologies to the real-world applications.
Transcription analysis in the MeLiM swine model identifies RACK1 as a potential marker of malignancy for human melanocytic proliferation (2008)

RACK1 overexpression detected in situ in human melanoma specimens characterized cutaneous and metastatic melanoma raising the possibility that RACK1 can be a potential marker of malignancy in human melanoma. The MeLiM strain provides a relevant model for exploring mechanisms of melanocytic malignant transformation in humans. This study may contribute to a better understanding of melanoma pathophysiology and to progress in diagnosis.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Preclinical Characterization of<i>N</i>-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>b</i>]pyridin-3-amine (VU0418506), a Novel Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 (mGlu<sub>4</sub>) (2016)

The efficacy of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) in preclinical rodent models of Parkinson's disease has been established by a number of groups. Here, we report an advanced preclinically characterized mGlu4 PAM, N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridin-3-amine (VU0418506). We detail the discovery of VU0418506 starting from a common picolinamide core scaffold and evaluation of a number of amide bioisosteres leading to the novel pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine head group. VU0418506 has been characterized as a potent and selective mGlu4 PAM with suitable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties in three preclinical safety species.
Paired Metasurfaces for Amplitude and Phase Control of Wavefronts (2018)

Gradient metasurfaces that are passive, low-loss, and reflectionless, are generally limited to tailoring the phase of an incident wavefront. Here, we show that by using two phase-discontinuous bianisotropic metasurfaces, the amplitude and phase distributions of an aperture field can be independently controlled. The paired metasurfaces are separated by a distance on the order of a wavelength. Due to the flexibility of the design procedure, an arbitrary incident field can be used as a source to produce a desired complex field pattern. This property makes the method relevant to a variety of applications, including producing custom (shaped and steered)far-field radiation patterns and 3-dimensional holograms.
A self-calibrating algorithm for speaker tracking based on audio-visual statistical models (2002)

We present a self-calibrating algorithm for audio-visual tracking using two microphones and a camera. The algorithm uses a parametrized statistical model which combines simple models of video and audio. Using unobserved variables, the model describes the process that generates the observed data. Hence, it is able to capture and exploit the statistical structure of the audio and video data, as well as their mutual dependencies, The model parameters are estimated by the EM algorithm; object templates are learned and automatic calibration is performed as part of this procedure. Tracking is done by Bayesian inference of the object location using the model. Successful performance is demonstrated on real multimedia clips.
Lowering the error floor of double-binary turbo codes: The flip and check algorithm (2016)

This article addresses the error floor reduction of double-binary turbo codes. The proposed approach is an extension of a low complexity method originally proposed for decoding binary turbo codes. This method's interest is that it does not need to modify the turbo coding scheme as long as an error detection code is serially concatenated with the turbo code. Simulation results showed that error rate performance gains can reach one order of magnitude in the cases of the DVB-RCS and DVB-RCS2 standards, while keeping a well-handled computational complexity.
Design consideration for high output power density (OPD) converter based on power-loss limit analysis method (2005)

Design consideration for a future high output power density converter has been carried out with a power device loss model. The power device loss model has been established by the power-loss limit analysis method which estimates total power loss of semiconductor power devices accurately taking the correlation between circuit stray parameters and device power losses into consideration. An advantage of the design is highly-detailed volume and an output power density of a converter can be estimated quantitatively by using the power device loss model. Optimal configuration of a power converter constructed by conversion circuit part, passive components and a DC-link capacitor was investigated on the thermal problem by the method. Availability of the method was confirmed by the quantitative design of a 3 kVA DC-AC converter constructed by a Si-MOSFET and a SiC-Shottky barrier diode (SBD) hybrid pair.
Animated, Dynamic Voronoi Treemaps (Poster) (2010)

The Voronoi Treemap is a space-filling treemap technique that relaxes the constraints of rectangular nodes. Its organic shapes maintain a one-to-one aspect ratio, are flexible with their placement, allowing stable zooming and dynamic data values. This poster articulates the tradeoffs that go into generating dynamic treemaps. We then present innovative features that allow Voronoi Treemaps to smoothly represent dynamically-changing data. We demonstrate its use with a deep organizational chart and an animated dataset. User tests confirm that Voronoi Treemaps can be a successful visualization technique.
Polymer-Protected Metal Complex for Gas Separation. III. Water-Resistivity of Polystyrene Resin-Supported Aluminium Copper(I) Chloride as Solid Carbon Monoxide Adsorbent (1987)

Abstract Solid adsorbents of carbon monoxide are prepared from aluminium chloride, copper(I) chloride, and a macroreticular type polystyrene resin by use of various solvents, and their resistivities against water vapor are investigated. The adsorbing capacities of the adsorbents prepared by use of carbon disulfide and dichloromethane remain virtually unchanged even after repeated (3–5 times) contacts of the adsorbents with nitrogen gas containing 10 mol% water with respect to the charged copper(I) chloride (water contents: 5600 and 4600 ppm). The adsorbents obtained with the use of benzene and toluene as preparation solvents, however, exhibit small but gradual decreases in the adsorbing capacities on the repeated contacts with nitrogen gas containing water. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis on the water-resistant adsorbents, prepared with the use of carbon disulfide and dichloromethane, show that the active species for the adsorption, aluminium copper(I) chloride, uniformly distributes in the beads of the polystyrene resin without formation of aggregates. Almost all of aluminium copper(I) chloride is located in the apolar microporosities of the polystyrene resin here, and is effectively protected from water vapor.
Faster than Real-Time Facial Alignment: A 3D Spatial Transformer Network Approach in Unconstrained Poses (2017)

Facial alignment involves finding a set of landmark points on an image with a known semantic meaning. However, this semantic meaning of landmark points is often lost in 2D approaches where landmarks are either moved to visible boundaries or ignored as the pose of the face changes. In order to extract consistent alignment points across large poses, the 3D structure of the face must be considered in the alignment step. However, extracting a 3D structure from a single 2D image usually requires alignment in the first place. We present our novel approach to simultaneously extract the 3D shape of the face and the semantically consistent 2D alignment through a 3D Spatial Transformer Network (3DSTN) to model both the camera projection matrix and the warping parameters of a 3D model. By utilizing a generic 3D model and a Thin Plate Spline (TPS) warping function, we are able to generate subject specific 3D shapes without the need for a large 3D shape basis. In addition, our proposed network can be trained in an end-to-end frame-work on entirely synthetic data from the 300W-LP dataset. Unlike other 3D methods, our approach only requires one pass through the network resulting in a faster than real-time alignment. Evaluations of our model on the Annotated Facial Landmarks in the Wild (AFLW) and AFLW2000-3D datasets show our method achieves state-of-the-art performance over other 3D approaches to alignment.
Analytical reconstruction methods in optical tomography with sampling and truncation of data (2002)

We derive an analytic inversion algorithm for diffusion tomography in the slab measurement geometry, which can be applied to sampled data and is a generalization of a previously suggested method [V.A. Markel, J.C. Schotland. PRE 64. R036501 (2001)]. The new method allows us to study the effects of sampling and truncation of data for large source/detector arrays. The ultimate limit of transverse resolution is obtained analytically. The results are verified with numerical simulations and stability of the reconstruction in the presence of noise is established.
Fast restoration in a mesh network of optical cross-connects (2003)

This paper proposes a distributed restoration method for mesh networks of optical cross-connects (OXCs) that is competitive with SONET ring restoration speeds. This approach is especially adapted to OXCs with optic fabrics where electronic signal performance or fault detection is available only at add/drop ports.
Superconducting Tunnel Junction Array Development for High-Resolution Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (1998)

: Cryogenic energy-dispersive X-ray detectors are being developed because of their superior energy resolution (10 eV FWHM for keV X-rays) compared to that achieved in semiconductor energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) systems. So far, their range of application is limited because of their comparably small size and low count rate. We present data on the development of superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector arrays to address both of these issues. A single STJ detector has a resolution of around 10 eV below 1 keV and can be operated at count rates of the order 10,000 counts/sec. We show that the simultaneous operation of several STJ detectors does not dimish their energy resolution significantly, and it increases the detector area and the maximum count rate by a factor given by the total number of independent channels.
Selection of acid tolerant Bifidobacteria and evidence for a low-pH-inducible acid tolerance response in <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> (2004)

Acidity is an environmental condition commonly encountered by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and fermented foods. In the present study, 22 strains of Bifidobacterium were screened for acid tolerance in artificial gastric juice (AGJ, pH 3.0) and fermented milk. AGJ tolerance was found to be strain-specific, with a pronounced variation among the strains. Several strains with a high survival rate in AGJ that belonged to Bifid. longum, Bifid. breve and Bifid. adolescentis were selected. Among them, only strain BL1 of Bifid longum was found to possess a high survival rate in fermented milk during refrigerated storage. Strain BL1 exhibited a survival rate of more than 25% in AGJ at pH 3.0 for 2 h and maintained a viable cfu level of more than 10(8) per gram of product in fermented milk (pH 4.6) under refrigerated conditions for 2 weeks. The acid tolerance of strain BL1 was found to depend on the final growth pH (<4.5). Rapid loss of acid tolerance was observed when the cells were shifted from acid to neutral conditions by addition of NaOH. Strain BL1 cells were able to maintain much higher intracellular pH under acid conditions, in comparison with those of AGJ sensitive mutant (BL1-S) or cells that lost acid tolerance following pH shifting from acid to neutral conditions. These results suggested that a cytoplasmic pH homeostasis system may function in the acid tolerance response in this strain.