gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of c-axis-aligned crystalline indium–gallium–zinc oxide field-effect transistors fabricated through a tapered-trench gate process (2016)

Abstract To achieve both low power consumption and high-speed operation, we fabricated c -axis-aligned crystalline indium–gallium–zinc oxide (CAAC-IGZO) field-effect transistors (FETs) with In-rich IGZO and common IGZO ( in atomic ratio) active layers through a simple process using trench gates, and evaluated their characteristics. The results confirm that 60-nm-node IGZO FETs fabricated through a 450 °C process show an extremely low off-state current below the detection limit (at most 2 × 10 −16 A) even at a measurement temperature of 150 °C. The results also reveal that the FETs with the In-rich IGZO active layer show a higher on-state current than those with the common IGZO active layer and have excellent frequency characteristics with a cutoff frequency and a maximum oscillation frequency of up to 20 and 6 GHz, respectively. Thus, we demonstrated that CAAC-IGZO FETs with trench gates are promising for achieving both low power consumption and high-speed operation.
Split-ring resonator microplasma: microwave model, plasma impedance and power efficiency (2005)

The microstrip split-ring resonator (MSRR) microplasma source is analysed and characterized using a microwave model of the device. Throughout the discussion, experimental data for three MSRR designs are also presented. The model identifies the key parameters that control the performance of the device and results in the formulation of closed-form expressions useful for designing, analysing and comparing MSRR designs. Matching the microstrip characteristic impedance to the microplasma impedance is found to be a key factor in the performance of these devices and it can be even more critical than the quality factor of the ring resonator. Based on the model, average rf electric fields of up to 4 MV m−1 at 1 W of input power are estimated to be generated in a 45 µm gap device. Furthermore, the model is used to determine the plasma impedance and thereby obtain information on physical properties of the microdischarge. Electron densities of the order of 1014 cm−3 are estimated in a 1 W argon discharge at atmospheric pressure. Based on the values of the plasma impedance, it is also determined that up to 70% of the power input to the MSRR is coupled to the electrons in the microdischarge.
Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory virus infections in children with leukocytic interferon. (1976)

Children with respiratory virus infections and healthy contacts were given leukocytic interferon (LIF) as treatment and prophylaxis. The results emphasize the effectiveness of the treatment when LIF was given on the 1st or 2nd day after onset of illness. In these cases the course was mild, of short duration and without complications. In children who did not receive LIF, the clinical course was more severe, the disease lasted longer, and complications were not uncommon. Prophylactic instillation of LIF succeeded in preventing the disease in 85.2% of the contacts; those who contracted the infection had a mild disease with insignificant complications. No allergic or intoxication phenomena were observed in children receiving LIF.
Collaborative Cloud and Edge Computing for Latency Minimization (2019)

By performing data processing at the network edge, mobile edge computing can effectively overcome the deficiencies of network congestion and long latency in cloud computing systems. To improve edge cloud efficiency with limited communication and computation capacities, we investigate the collaboration between cloud computing and edge computing, where the tasks of mobile devices can be partially processed at the edge node and at the cloud server. First, a joint communication and computation resource allocation problem is formulated to minimize the weighted-sum latency of all mobile devices. Then, the closed-form optimal task splitting strategy is derived as a function of the normalized backhaul communication capacity and the normalized cloud computation capacity. Some interesting and useful insights for the optimal task splitting strategy are also highlighted by analyzing four special scenarios. Based on this, we further transform the original joint communication and computation resource allocation problem into an equivalent convex optimization problem and obtain the closed-form computation resource allocation strategy by leveraging the convex optimization theory. Moreover, a necessary condition is also developed to judge whether a task should be processed at the corresponding edge node only, without offloading to the cloud server. Finally, simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the proposed collaborative cloud and edge computing scheme can evidently achieve a better delay performance than the conventional schemes.
Effects of Glucocorticoid Receptor Small Interfering RNA Delivered Using Poly Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Microparticles on Proliferation and Differentiation Capabilities of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2011)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a potential attractive source of cells for stem cell-based tissue regeneration, but the small number and reduced capabilities of MSC proliferation and differentiation due to in vitro replicative senescence and donor-associated pathophysiological factors, including age and estrogen depletion, severely restrict their potential usefulness in clinical applications. Glucocorticoids (GC) are well-known steroid hormones that regulate MSC proliferation and differentiation, but the defined effects and underlying mechanisms of endogenous glucocorticoids on MSC characteristics are not understood. This study investigated the effects of the blockage of endogenous GC using glucocorticoid receptor (GR) small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivered using biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles on proliferation and differentiation capabilities of human MSC in vitro. The results show that we can prepare PLGA microparticles as a delivery system for GR siRNA and maintain release of siRNA up to 40 days in vitro. Transfection of GR siRNA significantly downregulates GR and upregulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Sox-11 of human MSC. MSC that have proliferated with endogenous GC blocked in vitro have greater proliferation rates and exhibit upregulated expression of osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase and core binding factor alpha 1) under differentiation stimulation after 1 week. Under adipogenic differentiation, MSC proliferated in vitro with siRNA transfection, resulting in significantly lower adipogenic markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and lipoprotein lipase) than controls. In conclusion, PLGA particles can serve as a tool for delivery of GR siRNA to effectively block the effects of endogenous GC on MSC, which has the potential to improve the capabilities of human MSC for clinical application by preventing replicative senescence.
Fastigial nucleus stimulation regulates neuroprotection via induction of a novel micro<scp>RNA</scp>, rno‐miR‐676‐1, in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats (2015)

Previous studies have shown that fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) reduces tissue damage resulting from focal cerebral ischemia. Although the mechanisms of neuroprotection induced by FNS are not entirely understood, important data have been presented in the past two decades. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a newly discovered group of non-coding small RNA molecules that negatively regulate target gene expression and are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. To date, no studies have demonstrated whether miRNAs can serve as mediators of the brain's response to FNS, which leads to endogenous neuroprotection. Therefore, this study investigated the profiles of FNS-mediated miRNAs. Using a combination of deep sequencing and microarray with computational analysis, we identified a novel miRNA in the rat ischemic cortex after 1 h of FNS. This novel miRNA (PC-3p-3469_406), herein referred to as rno-miR-676-1, was upregulated in rats with cerebral ischemia after FNS. In vivo observations indicate that this novel miRNA may have antiapoptotic effects and contribute to neuroprotection induced by FNS. Our study provides a better understanding of neuroprotection induced by FNS. MicroRNA (miRNA) is defined as a small non-coding RNA that fulfills both the expression and biogenesis criteria. Here, we describe a novel miRNA in the rat ischemic cortex expressed after 1 h of fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS). The miRNA was functionally characterized by secondary structure, quantitative expression, the conservation analysis, target gene analysis, and biological functions. We consider rno-miR-676-1 to be a true microRNA and present evidence for its neuroprotective effects exerted after induction by FNS.
Evaluation of baseline corrected <scp>QT</scp> interval and azithromycin prescriptions in an academic medical center (2015)

In a cohort of hospitalized patients, azithromycin was prescribed despite risk factors for QTc prolongation and administration of interacting medications. Selection of azithromycin by providers appears to be independent from these risk factors, and education and vigilance to drug-drug interactions may be useful in limiting cardiac events with prescribing azithromycin.
<title>Mirror substrates for EUV lithography: progress in metrology and optical fabrication technology</title> (2000)

In this paper, the metrology and fabrication concepts at Carl Zeiss will be reviewed. The present status in the fabrication of specific EUVL mirrors will be reported as well.
Vaccine preventable diseases and immunisations: a qualitative study of mothers? perceptions of severity, susceptibility, benefits and barriers (1998)

This study investigated mothers' perceptions of vaccine-preventable diseases and associated vaccines in terms of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers. A purposive sampling strategy was used to choose mothers whose only or youngest child was completely, incompletely (behind the recommended immunisation schedule) or partially (parents chose or advised not to have a specific immunisation) immunised or had no immunisations. Semi-structured interviews found that complete immunisers believed the risk of vaccines was lower than the risk from disease and that the likelihood of contracting many of these diseases was low. Incomplete immunisers perceived vaccines to be less effective in preventing disease and were often confused about which diseases the vaccines would protect against. Non-immunisers were more concerned about unknown, long-term side effects of vaccines than the diseases. Many mothers who did immunise believed that preventing diseases was not always possible and for diseases such as measles, mumps and rubella, it was not always necessary nor desirable. Vaccines were perceived as placing stress on the immune system rather than strengthening it. Important themes relating to barriers to the decision to immunise were a lack of 'balanced', detailed information and poor communication between health providers and parents. The major barrier to timely, age-appropriate immunisations was the occurrence of minor illnesses in the target child or the family. This study found that many mothers were balancing the risks of immunising with the risks of not immunising and this must be taken into account, along with factors such as difficulties in obtaining immunisations.
Anti‐tumor protection induced in mice by fatty acid conjugates: Alkyl butyrates and poly(ethylene glycol) dibutyrates (1990)

Abstract Simple fatty acids, especially butyrate salts, have interesting biological properties, since they are able to down‐regulate cell growth and promote various differentiated cellular functions. Their use for anti‐tumor treatment is, however, hampered by their over‐rapid diffusion in the blood, followed by a short‐lived biological action. We have therefore devised conjugates linking butyrate with either (i) aliphatic alcohols of increasing carbon numbers ranging from C 4 to C 12 or (ii) poly(ethylene glycols) of increasing molecular weights. In both cases, the resulting butyric esters can be hydrolysed by esterases which can release biologically active subunits from the synthetic compounds. As shown in the present study, only one conjugate in each series gave satisfactory anti‐tumor protection: namely, I‐octyl butyrate and poly(ethylene glycol 1000) dibutyrate respectively. A single immune‐stimulatory injection of purified Corynebacterium parvum extract prior to administration of the conjugates significantly increased the anti‐tumor potency.
Redundancy in collaborative dialogue (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Redundancy in collaborative dialogue Author: Marilyn A. Walker University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims COLING '92: Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1August 1992 Pages 345–351https://doi.org/10.3115/992066.992122Online:23 August 1992Publication History 17citation274DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads274Last 12 Months47Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Vibration and sound radiation of an electrostatic speaker based on circular diaphragm (2015)

This study investigated the lumped parameter method (LPM) and distributed parameter method (DPM) in the measurement of vibration and prediction of sound pressure levels (SPLs) produced by an electrostatic speaker with circular diaphragm. An electrostatic speaker with push-pull configuration was achieved by suspending the circular diaphragm (60 mm diameter) between two transparent conductive plates. The transparent plates included a two-dimensional array of holes to enable the visualization of vibrations and avoid acoustic distortion. LPM was used to measure the displacement amplitude at the center of the diaphragm using a scanning vibrometer with the aim of predicting symmetric modes using Helmholtz equations and SPLs using Rayleigh integral equations. DPM was used to measure the amplitude of displacement across the entire surface of the speaker and predict SPL curves. LPM results show that the prediction of SPL associated with the first three symmetric resonant modes is in good agreement with the results of DPM and acoustic measurement. Below the breakup frequency of 375 Hz, the SPL predicted by LPM and DPM are identical with the results of acoustic measurement. This study provides a rapid, accurate method with which to measure the SPL associated with the first three symmetric modes using semi-analytic LPM.
User-centric incentive design for participatory mobile phone sensing (2014)

Mobile phone sensing is a critical underpinning of pervasive mobile computing, and is one of the key factors for improving people’s quality of life in modern society via collective utilization of the on-board sensing capabilities of people’s smartphones. The increasing demands for sensing services and ambient awareness in mobile environments highlight the necessity of active participation of individual mobile users in sensing tasks. User incentives for such participation have been continuously offered from an application-centric perspective, i.e., as payments from the sensing server, to compensate users’ sensing costs. These payments, however, are manipulated to maximize the benefits of the sensing server, ignoring the runtime flexibility and benefits of participating users. This paper presents a novel framework of user-centric incentive design, and develops a universal sensing platform which translates heterogenous sensing tasks to a generic sensing plan specifying the task-independent requirements of sensing performance. We use this sensing plan as input to reduce three categories of sensing costs, which together cover the possible sources hindering users’ participation in sensing.
Mapping of the insulin‐like growth factor II binding site of the Type I insulin‐like growth factor receptor by alanine scanning mutagenesis (2004)

The Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor is a physiological receptor for insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). To characterize the molecular basis of the receptor's ligand binding properties, we have examined the effects of alanine mutations of residues in the ligand binding site of the receptor on its affinity for IGF-II. The functional epitope for IGF-II comprises residues in the N-terminal L1 domain and residues at the C-terminus of the alpha subunit. Cysteine rich domain residues do not appear to be critical for IGF-II binding.
Forward Model for Temperature Derivation from Atmospheric Lidar (2013)

Atmospheric Lidar takes advantage of Rayleigh backscattering to create a relative density profile of the atmosphere. The method for temperature derivation is based on the work of Chanin and Hauchecorne (CH). Beginning with an initial temperature, and utilizing the ideal gas law, a downward integration procedure is applied to create a temperature profile from the density profile down to forty-five kilometers. Since this initial temperature is only a best guess, the temperatures towards the top of the profile may not be accurate. However, so long as the guess is reasonable, within perhaps a fifty Kelvin margin (though hopefully not far off), multiple guesses seem to converge after working down fifteen or so kilometers. The Khanna method attempts to reclaim the uppermost data by applying a forward model using the CH temperatures and working back up from the bottom. The forward model takes a temperature profile and derives a density profile. The Khanna method adjust the CH temperatures until the derived densities converge with the observed densities.
Retinal ganglion cell protection with geranylgeranylacetone, a heat shock protein inducer, in a rat glaucoma model. (2003)

These results demonstrate that systemic administration of GGA protects RGCs from glaucomatous damage in a rat model and suggest a novel pathway for neuroprotection for patients with glaucoma.
Ultraviolet confocal fluorescence microscopy of the in vitro cornea: redox metabolic imaging (1993)

A laser scanning microscope was fitted with two argon-ion lasers that provided wavelengths in the regions of 364, 488, and 514 nm. A Zeiss water objective of 25 x , with a numerical aperture of 0.8, corrected for the UV, was used to measure the fluorescence from optical sections of freshly enucleated rabbit eyes. The confocal microscope was used in both the reflected and fluorescent modes to image in situ epithelial and endothelial cells. An excitation wavelength of 364 nm and emission at 400-500 nm were used to image the fluorescence from reduced pyridine nucleotides. We demonstrate the feasibility of two-dimensional fluorescent confocal imaging of reduced pyridine nucleotides in corneal epithelial and endothelial cells.
High blood levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in preeclampsia (1996)

In pregnancy, the decidual cells produce and secrete large amounts of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). M-CSF stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts. In addition, it stimulates them in a dose-dependent manner to produce certain hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen. Based on these facts, M-CSF is considered to be an essential cytokine for placental maintenance. Because placental dysfunction may sometimes result from preeclampsia, ascertaining blood M-CSF levels in preeclamptic patients would be of interest. The blood was collected from 33 subjects, of whom 19 were normal pregnant women and 14 were preeclamptic patients. The M-CSF level was determined by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using three antibodies. The investigators measured peripheral blood M-CSF levels in preeclamptic subjects and compared them with levels in subjects with normal pregnancies. This study showed that peripheral blood M-CSF levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients in the 30th and 38th weeks of pregnancy (P < .005). This is the first report concerning high M-CSF blood levels in preeclamptic patients.
ON the Use of Wavenet as a Statistical Vocoder (2018)

In this paper, we explore the possibility of using the WaveNet architecture as a statistical vocoder. In that case, the generation of speech waveforms is locally conditioned only by acoustic features. Focusing on the single speaker case at the moment, we investigate the impact of the local conditions as well as that of the amount of data available for training. Furthermore, variations of the WaveNet architecture are considered and discussed in the context of our work. We compare our work against a very recent work which also used WaveNet architecture as a speech vocoder using the same speech data. More specifically, we used two female and two male speakers from the CMU-ARCTIC database to contrast the use of cepstrum coefficients and filter-bank features as local conditioners with the goal to improve the overall quality for both male and female speakers. In the paper we also discuss the impact of the size of the training data. Objective metrics for quality and intelligibility of the generated by the WaveNet speech as well as subjective tests support our suggestions.
<i>S</i>(+)-4-(1-Phenylethylamino)quinazolines as Inhibitors of Human Immunoglobuline E Synthesis:  Potency Is Dictated by Stereochemistry and Atomic Point Charges at N-1 (2001)

Since the pathogenesis of allergic diseases is associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), we developed a high throughput reporter gene assay in a human B-cell line to screen for low molecular weight IgE inhibitory compounds. Monitoring the IL-4 driven IgE-germline promoter activity (IgE-GLP), we discovered 4-(1-phenylethylamino)qinazolines as potent inhibitors of IgE-germline gene expression. Testing of the individual enantiomers (1, 2) revealed that only the S(+) enantiomer 1 was active. A cell viability assay done in the same cell line in parallel discriminated the dose-dependent inhibition from a general antiproliferative effect. The observed correlation of the inhibitory potencies found in the reporter gene assay with those measured by IgE-ELISA in primary human splenocytes provided evidence that the blockade of IgE synthesis is the direct consequence of IgE-germline gene inhibition, thereby validating the reporter gene assay. Parallel synthesis in solution rapidly provided a series of analogues of compound 1 with modifications in the phenethylamine side chain and the quinazoline core for SAR studies. Increasing the lipophilicity of the arylalkylamine moiety yielded S(+)-4-(1-(2-naphthyl)ethylamino)quinazoline (6) as the most potent inhibitor (IC(50) of 14 nM) while the R(-) enantiomer was again found to be inactive. Within the set of S enantiomers, quantum mechanical calculations revealed that the IgE inhibitory activity can be quantitatively described by the charge at N-1 of the heterocyclic core and to a lesser extent by the molar refractivity. These results demonstrate the importance of electron-deficient fused 4-aminopyrimidines and lipophilic side chains for biological activity. The strong preference for the S configuration of the phenethylamine side chain is remarkable insofar as biological activity for fused 4-(1-phenylethylamino)pyrimidines has been published for the R enantiomers only (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition).