gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocular semantic SLAM in dynamic street scene based on multiple object tracking (2017)

Semantic information has been agreed to be a key complement for more accurate SLAM or navigation and higher-level behavior planning. In dynamic scene, it also has the potential to improve performance. In this paper, we combine monocular SLAM with multiple object tracking to obtain robust static semantic map in complicated environment. This system utilizes up-to-date CNN object detector to detect possible moving objects in current view. Without the features located in these objects, monocular SLAM get consecutive pose transformation between two adjacent frames, which help multiple object tracking. With these trackers, this system can filter out dynamic objects, retain static objects for further sematic data association and graph optimization. We evaluate our approaches on the popular KITTI dataset and high dynamic RobotCar dataset.
Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases: Inhibitors of NF-KB and AP-1 (1997)

The transcription factors (TF's) AP-I and NF-KB play a critical role in the regulation of several proinflammatory cytokines and related proteins and have thus been implicated in a number of immunoinflammatory and proliferative diseases. Recently, a great deal of work has been done to elucidate the regulatory pathways involved in the activation of NF-KB and AP-I. In addition, several antiarthritic drugs have been shown to block the activation of these transcription factors. These observations have led to drug discovery efforts aimed toward selectively modulating these targets. A variety of compounds have been shown to block these TF' s, however none has shown enough selectivity to warrant further clinical development. Recently, two new series of compounds were identified that block the activation of both NF-KB and AP-1 selectively in T-cells. Subsequently, they were shown to be active in several animal models of inflammation and immunosuppression. Current work is focused on identifying orally-active analogs to be used in the treatment of chronic diseases associated with an overproduction of NF-KB and AP- I.
An algorithm for the calculation of three‐dimensional collagen fiber orientation in ligaments using angle‐sensitive MRI (2012)

A method based on angle-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging for determining unknown orientations of collagen fibers in ligaments is presented. Collagen fibers were stepwise rotated around two independent axes within a 3T magnetic resonance tomograph (from 0° to 180°, step size=10°). Analyzing the magnetic resonance signal intensity of each voxel as a function of the rotation angle, directions were calculated by means of a computational algorithm. The accuracy of the algorithm was validated using 1000 random test directions, revealing an average deviation of 4.4° (median±standard deviation: 2.7°±9°). Subsequently, the presented method was applied to three specimens of the human iliotibial tract mounted in different directions in a rotatable plastic box. Polarized light microscopy was used to verify parallel alignment of the collagen fibers in the three specimens. The calculated directions were compared with the directions of the specimens. Analyzing each voxel separately, average deviations (median±standard deviation) in the three specimens were: 11.2° (3.6°±20.4°), 12° (5°±24.1°), and 20.4° (8.7°±27°). If the magnetic resonance signal intensity of each voxel was averaged with the intensity of immediately neighboring voxels, average deviations (median±standard deviation) were 8.5° (3.6°±17.4°), 6.2° (0°±18°), and 9.2° (5°±19.2°). The presented method has the potential to be applied in situ to anatomical structures like cartilage, ligaments, tendons and fascia.
Gross genomic damage measured by DNA image cytometry independently predicts gastric cancer patient survival (2009)

ICM-DNA ploidy status is an independent predictor of survival in gastric cancer patients and may therefore be a more clinically relevant read out of gross genomic damage than FCM-DNA.
Parasitic aware optimization of an RF power scavenging circuit with applications to Smartdust sensor networks (2009)

The small scale of Smartdust sensor networks poses unique challenges in the design and implementation of RF power scavenging systems. To meet these challenges, several design improvements to an RF power scavenging circuit integrated directly onto CMOS are presented. These improve RF to DC conversion efficiency through a reduction in the body effect and threshold voltage of diode connected MOSFETs and by reducing the sources of circuit parasitics that are unique to integrated circuits. Utilizing these improvements, a design goal of generating a 1V output voltage with a greater than 20% RF to DC conversion efficiency from RF energy levels measured in the environment (66 uW) was met. This represents better than double the RF to DC conversion efficiency of the conventional power matched RF energy harvesting circuit based on a Villard voltage doubler. The complete system, including matching circuitry is integrated directly onto a 130 nm CMOS process with no external passives and measures only 300 um by 600 um meeting the strict form factor requirement of Smartdust systems.
Snapshots issue 6: Financial Literacy (2015)

Young people face financial issues at an earlier age than their parents. Decisions about higher education, the need to be able to manage online payment facilities or even mobile phone plans require a level of financial literacy. PISA 2012 offered an opportunity to collect information about the financial literacy of Australian 15-year-old students, and compare that with their peers internationally.
Characterization of Vaccinia Virus Intracellular Cores: Implications for Viral Uncoating and Core Structure (2000)

The entry of vaccinia virus (VV) into the host cell results in the delivery of the double-stranded DNA genome-containing core into the cytoplasm. The core is disassembled, releasing the viral DNA in order to initiate VV cytoplasmic transcription and DNA replication. Core disassembly can be prevented using the VV early transcription inhibitor actinomycin D (actD), since early VV protein synthesis is required for core uncoating. In this study, VV intracellular cores were accumulated in the presence of actD and isolated from infected cells. The content of these cores was analyzed by negative staining EM and by Western blotting using a collection of antibodies to VV core and membrane proteins. By Western blot analyses, intracellular actD cores, as well as cores prepared by NP-40-dithiothreitol treatment of purified virions (NP-40/DTT cores), contained the core proteins p25 (encoded by L4R), 4a (A10L), 4b (A3L), and p39 (A4L) as well as small amounts of the VV membrane proteins p32 (D8L) and p35 (H3L). While NP-40/DTT cores contained the major putative DNA-binding protein p11 (F17R), actD cores entirely lacked this protein. Labeled cryosections of cells infected for different periods of time in the presence or absence of actD were subsequently used to follow the fate of VV core proteins by EM. These EM images confirmed that p11 was lost at the plasma membrane upon core penetration. The cores that accumulated in the presence of actD were labeled with antibodies to 4a, p39, p25, and DNA at all times examined. In the absence of the drug the cores gradually lost their electron-dense inner part, concomitant with the loss of p25 and DNA labeling. The remaining core shell still labeled with antibodies to p39 and 4a/4b, implying that these proteins are part of this structure. These combined data are discussed with respect to the structure of VV as well as core disassembly.
Timestamp-based Defense Mechanism Against Replay Attack in Remote Keyless Entry Systems (2020)

Proper security protocols should be considered as a critical requirement in today’s digital world to prevent adversaries from being able to gain access to valuables. Although numerous preventative mechanisms have been implemented, attackers adapt and develop new attack techniques to infiltrate existing technologies. The results of infiltration experiments revealed vulnerabilities in the radio frequency (RF) communication of cars and garages in remote keyless entry (RKE) systems as well. In this work, we present a timestamp-based solution to enhance the security of existing rolling-code based RKE system and demonstrate it through a prototype implementation.
A XANES and EXAFS investigation of titanium silicalite (1991)

XANES and EXAFS investigations of titanium silicalite-1, a microporous material with the structural features of zeolite ZSM-5, show that a large part of the titanium is coordinated octahedrally and probably occupies framework positions, a local environment that provides an explanation for the extraordinary caltalytic properties of this material.
Microfluidic Systems Being Adapted for Microbial, Molecular Biological Analyses (2007)

Microfluidic analysis depends on devices conaining micrometer-to millimeter-scale components capable of handling microliter-to nanoliter quantities of liquids and gases. Soon after microfluidic inkjet printers came into use in 1987, microfluidic analytic devices with chemical and microbiological endpoints became available in the early 1990s. However, the pace of development remained slow until 1997, when research in microfluidics analytical systems began to grow geometrically. Dozens of examples now illustrate the value of microfluidics in molecular biology, especially for genetic analyses at the DNA level.
Heterogeneous gap junction remodeling stabilizes reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone of the healing canine infarct: a computational study (2006)

The ventricular tachycardias (VTs) that originate in the 5-day epicardial border zone (EBZ) of the healing canine infarcted heart are due to reentrant excitation. In cells surviving in the EBZ, both sarcolemmal ionic channels and gap junction conductance and distribution are remodeled. We previously showed that the heterogeneities in sodium current (I(Na)) and L-type calcium channel current (I(CaL)) of the center and outer pathway cells result in a homogenization of the refractory period that in turn stabilizes reentrant VTs for approximately 10 beats. To understand how heterogeneities in transverse gap junctional conductance remodeling reported experimentally contribute to the stability of these tachycardias, we studied the dynamics of reentering waves in two-dimensional computer models of the EBZ. First we used a computer model with homogeneous ionic channel properties [infarcted border zone cell model (IZ)]. These simulations show that, in the absence of heterogeneities in ionic channel properties, reentrant waves tend to drift to localized regions of uncoupling and stabilize there. Second, we used a computer model with a more realistic representation of the heterogeneous EBZ, including cellular models for both the center (IZ(c)) and outer (IZ(o)) pathway cells. These simulations show that neither a region of uniform uncoupling nor a step transition between two regions with different side-to-side (transverse) cell coupling stabilizes reentry in this substrate. However, an area of localized uncoupling did stabilize reentry in such a model. We propose that in addition to the heterogeneities in I(Na) and I(CaL) properties, heterogeneities in gap junctional conductance in the EBZ causing regions of localized uncoupling stabilize VT in the EBZ. Previous experimental in situ activation maps of the 5-day EBZ show that the lines of block form in regions of slow transverse propagation. This is consistent with our findings that areas of localized uncoupling stabilize reentry.
Inhibition of Hendra Virus Fusion (2006)

ABSTRACT Hendra virus (HeV) is a recently identified paramyxovirus that is fatal in humans and could be used as an agent of bioterrorism. The HeV receptor-binding protein (G) is required in order for the fusion protein (F) to mediate fusion, and analysis of the triggering/activation of HeV F by G should lead to strategies for interfering with this key step in viral entry. HeV F, once triggered by the receptor-bound G, by analogy with other paramyxovirus F proteins, undergoes multistep conformational changes leading to a six-helix bundle (6HB) structure that accomplishes fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. The ectodomain of paramyxovirus F proteins contains two conserved heptad repeat regions (HRN and HRC) near the fusion peptide and the transmembrane domains, respectively. Peptides derived from the HRN and HRC regions of F are proposed to inhibit fusion by preventing F, after the initial triggering step, from forming the 6HB structure that is required for fusion. HeV peptides have previously been found to be effective at inhibiting HeV fusion. However, we found that a human parainfluenza virus 3 F-peptide is more effective at inhibiting HeV fusion than the comparable HeV-derived peptide.
Solder Bump Fabrication On Wafers By Electroplating Process (1997)

Wafer Bumping process for flip chip interconnect has been developed using sputtering and electroplating technologies. The process was composed of UBM(Under.-Bump Metallurgy) layer fabrication and following photoresist imaging and solder electroplating procenses. For the UBM metals, Ti, Cr, Cu, Ni and Au were evaluated as an adhesion layer, barrier layer and oxidation or chemical attack protection layer for solder plating. In this case, Ti, Cr and Cu were sputtered as seeding layers for plating and thicker Cu Ni and Au were electroplated. The photoresist used in this process was 1Oopm thick dry films composed of two layers on a wafer The compositions of solder bumps were 10SdWPb and eutectic, and those were well controlled by maintaining the Sflh concentrations and ratio in the plating solutions properly. In ordinary case, the composition differences between humps and plating solutions were less than +/-2%. Plated solder bumps were keeping column shape instead of mushroom shape obtained in thin photoresist case. This is advantageous to control the bump height and realize the fine pitch solder bumps on wafers compared with mushroom bumps. After stripping the photoresist, the bumpti were reflowed with flux to obtain round shape bumps. Plating equipment was also specially designed to achieve high throwing power and uniform bump height on all over the wafer. The charaderistics of bumps such as shape. height distribution, shear strength, electrical resistance and reliabdity after (T/C,HTS and Reflow test) were also ttvaluated.
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold (2021)

Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate a mechanistic understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental effort<sup>1-4</sup>, the structures of around 100,000 unique proteins have been determined<sup>5</sup>, but this represents a small fraction of the billions of known protein sequences<sup>6,7</sup>. Structural coverage is bottlenecked by the months to years of painstaking effort required to determine a single protein structure. Accurate computational approaches are needed to address this gap and to enable large-scale structural bioinformatics. Predicting the three-dimensional structure that a protein will adopt based solely on its amino acid sequence-the structure prediction component of the 'protein folding problem'<sup>8</sup>-has been an important open research problem for more than 50 years<sup>9</sup>. Despite recent progress<sup>10-14</sup>, existing methods fall far short of atomic accuracy, especially when no homologous structure is available. Here we provide the first computational method that can regularly predict protein structures with atomic accuracy even in cases in which no similar structure is known. We validated an entirely redesigned version of our neural network-based model, AlphaFold, in the challenging 14th Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP14)<sup>15</sup>, demonstrating accuracy competitive with experimental structures in a majority of cases and greatly outperforming other methods. Underpinning the latest version of AlphaFold is a novel machine learning approach that incorporates physical and biological knowledge about protein structure, leveraging multi-sequence alignments, into the design of the deep learning algorithm.
A new flyback-current-fed push-pull DC-DC converter (1999)

This paper introduces a new flyback-current-fed push-pull DC-DC converter whose significant advantages in comparison with the conventional one are a reduction in the number of output diodes and unified output characteristics to represent both the buck and the boost operation modes in the continuous conduction mode. Theoretical analysis, design methodology and experimental results taken from a 600 W 25 kHz laboratory prototype are presented in this paper. The circuit introduced is suitable for switching mode power supply design and power factor correction applications as well.
Artificial Bandwidth Expansion Method to Improve Intelligibility and Quality of AMR-Coded Narrowband Speech (2006)

Speech quality suffers from the limited bandwidth of cellular telephone systems, making it sound muffled. In addition, intelligibility is degraded due to missing higher frequency components. The proposed enhancement system is designed to improve both intelligibility and quality of narrowband speech by expanding the bandwidth and creating new spectral components to high frequencies in the receiving end of the transmission link. The algorithm can be used together with conventional narrowband speech codecs and it is designed to be robust in different noise conditions. In addition, the computational load of the algorithm is reasonable.
Regulation of transcription at the <i>ndh</i> promoter of <i>Escherichia coli</i> by FNR and novel factors (1994)

FNR is a transcriptional regulator that controls gene expression in response to oxygen limitation in Escherichia coli. The NADH dehydrogenase II gene (ndh) is repressed by FNR under anaerobic conditions. Repression is not simply due to occlusion of the promoter (-35 and -10) region by FNR because adjacent pairs of FNR monomers were found to bind at two sites centred at -50.5 and -94.5 in the ndh promoter region without preventing RNA polymerase binding. However, contact between RNA polymerase and the -132 to -62 region of the non-coding strand of ndh DNA, and RNA polymerase-mediated open complex formation, were prevented by bound FNR. The upstream FNR-binding site (-94.5) was needed for efficient FNR-dependent repression of ndh transcription in vitro, and also for repression of an ndh-lacZ fusion in vivo. Anaerobic ndh repression may thus involve the binding of two pairs of FNR monomers upstream of the -35 region, which prevents essential RNA polymerase-DNA contacts in the upstream region as well as inhibiting RNA polymerase function by direct FNR interaction. Expression of the ndh-lacZ fusion in an fnr deletion strain was enhanced by anaerobic growth in rich medium or minimal medium supplemented with amino acids. Furthermore, two proteins (M(r) 12,000 and 35,000) which interact with and may activate transcription from the ndh promoter under these conditions were detected by gel retardation analysis. These putative amino acid-responsive activators may thus offset FNR-mediated repression and maintain a low level of anaerobic ndh expression for regulating the NAD+/NADH ratio during growth in rich media.
Changes in cytoplasmic ATP concentration parallels changes in ATP‐regulated K<sup>+</sup>‐channel activity in insulin‐secreting cells (1998)

Changes in cytoplasmic ATP concentration were monitored in intact insulin-producing cells and correlated to changes in the activity of ATP-sensitive K+-channels (KATP channels). Luciferase was introduced into HIT M2.2 cells and whole pancreatic islets by transient expression of firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase cDNA. In transfected cells, extracellular addition of luciferin increased the luminescence signal to a maximum within 50-120 s. Addition of 1 microM of the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP decreased the luminescence, an effect partly reversed upon withdrawal of the compound. High concentrations of glucose increased cytoplasmic free ATP concentration. Changes in the luminescence signal were accompanied by changes in activity of the ATP-sensitive K+-channel. Transfection per se did not deteriorate cell function, as verified by experiments showing similar changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+-concentration, [Ca2+li, in both transfected and non-transfected cells. By measuring the cytoplasmic ATP concentration and KATP channel activity under similar experimental conditions, it was possible to establish, for the first time, a direct relationship between these two parameters. This indeed suggests that the cytoplasmic ATP concentration has a crucial role in the regulation of KATP channel activity under physiological conditions.
The effects of age and gender on brachial artery endothelium‐dependent vasoactivity are stimulus‐dependent (1995)

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasomotion in response to flow-mediated, cholinergic, and cold pressor stimulation has been demonstrated in the presence of both atherosclerosis and cardiac risk factors. This study investigated the effects of different vasoactive stimuli on brachial artery vasomotion with respect to age and gender. Forty healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women), ages 23 to 52 years, were studied. Using 7.5 MHz ultrasound, brachial artery diameter and Doppler flow velocity at baseline, following 5 min of ipsilateral blood pressure cuff occlusion (flow-mediated), during contralateral hand immersion in ice (cold pressor) and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration, were measured in older subjects (> 40 yrs) and younger subjects (< 40 yrs). Among normal subjects, % diameter change in response to the flow-mediated stimulus was less in older men than in younger men (6.8 +/- 3.2% vs. 11.5 +/- 7.4%, p < 0.05); older and younger women had comparable responses (10.0 +/- 5.3% vs. 11.6 +/- 4.3%, p = NS). With cold pressor, normal older men and older women vasoconstricted (-1.2 +/- 0.9%, -2.2 +/- 4.7%) compared with younger subjects who vasodilated (1.4 +/- 2.5%, 0.6 +/- 2.3%, p < 0.02). The cold pressor test elicited comparable responses among older normal subjects. Nitroglycerin, a non-endothelium-mediated stimulus, induced significant vasodilatation in all the groups. In conclusion, endothelium-mediated responses in subjects of varying age and gender are stimulus-dependent. Flow-mediated vasodilatation could not differentiate older premenopausal women from younger women; cold pressor stimulus could.
Ring Oscillator Based Random Number Generator Using Wake-up and Shut-down Uncertainties (2018)

This paper presents a random number generation circuit based on an irregular sampling of modified ring oscillators. Most of the true random number generators in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) employ the timing jitter from ring oscillator clocks as a source of randomness. Whereas random number generation using modified ring oscillator models incorporate timing jitter with metastability. Metastability is caused by turning ring oscillator on and off periodically. Ring goes into metastability state before turning completely on. This entropy can be extracted by using wake-up or shut-down uncertainty methods. After extraction, random bits generated by an irregular sampling of the high-frequency clock using the output of the ring oscillator. The Virtex 5 xc5vlx110t FPGA is used for generating bitstreams and these are tested on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 800-22 test suite without using any post-processing methods. It is observed that wake-up and shut-down methods are successful, and all methods have fulfilled the tests.