gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Binocular-Overlap In Helmet-Mounted Displays (1989)

One approach to decreasing the size and weight of a helmet-mounted display while maintaining a wide-field-of-view and adequate image resolution is to use a partial binocular-overlap configuration. With a partial binocular-overlap helmet-mounted display the user would see a central binocular image flanked by two monocular images. Properly implemented, the user should not be aware of the partial-overlap condition, but would benefit from the reduced weight, decreased size, and extended field-of-view. However, the successful implementation of a partial-overlap design requires understanding of and solutions for several complex problems.
Discovery of Novel Myc−Max Heterodimer Disruptors with a Three-Dimensional Pharmacophore Model (2009)

A three-dimensional pharmacophore model was generated utilizing a set of known inhibitors of c-Myc-Max heterodimer formation. The model successfully identified a set of structurally diverse compounds with potential inhibitory activity against c-Myc. Nine compounds were tested in vitro, and four displayed affinities in the micromolar range and growth inhibitory activity against c-Myc-overexpressing cells. These studies demonstrate the applicability of pharmacophore modeling to the identification of novel and potentially more puissant inhibitors of the c-Myc oncoprotein.
A new role for the SRC family kinase HCK as a driver of SYK activation in MYD88 mutated lymphomas (2022)

The SRC family kinase (SFK) HCK is transcriptionally upregulated and activated by mutated MYD88 (MYD88Mut), a key adaptor for Toll-receptor signaling. HCK activates BTK, AKT, and ERK in MYD88Mut lymphomas. SYK, a B-cell receptor (BCR) component, is activated in MYD88Mut lymphoma cells. Although the SFK LYN serves as a trigger for SYK activation in MYD88Mut ABC DLBCL cells, LYN activity is muted in MYD88Mut Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) cells. We therefore investigated a role for HCK in mediating SYK activation. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) (HCKWT) or gatekeeper mutated (HCKThr333Met) HCK in MYD88Mut lymphoma cells triggered SYK activation. Conversely, HCK knockdown reduced p-SYK in MYD88Mut lymphoma cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that HCK was complexed with p-SYK in MYD88Mut BCWM.1 and TMD8 cells, but not in MYD88 WT Ramos cells. Rescue experiments in MYD88Mut lymphoma cells expressing HCKThr333Met led to persistent HCK and SYK activation and resistance to the HCK inhibitor A419259. Treatment of primary MYD88Mut WM cells with A419259 reduced p-HCK and p-SYK expression. Taken together, our findings show that SYK is activated by HCK in MYD88Mut B-cell lymphomas cells, broaden the prosurvival signaling generated by aberrant HCK expression in response to MYD88Mut, and help define HCK as an important therapeutic target in MYD88Mut B-cell lymphomas.
Film Optimization of Laminated Antiferromagnetically Coupled Media (2004)

Longitudinal media with multiple isolated magnetic layers (laminated media) have been shown to have a significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage over conventional media. However, the application of laminated media has been hindered by reduced overwrite and wider magnetic pulsewidth compared to conventional media. Some of the major causes for such degradation in recording properties are poor writing of transition in the magnetic layer farther from the head and an offset in the transition position in the multiple magnetic layers resulting from the decrease in head field magnitude with spacing. We find that the transition writing and transition alignment in the multiple magnetic layers of the laminated antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) media can be optimized by adjusting the magnetic anisotropy of the relevant magnetic layers to compensate for the reduction of the head field magnitude with spacing. This optimization leads to significant improvements in media recording performance, such as an increase of overwrite, reduction of magnetic pulsewidth, and further increase of SNR. Such adjustment should also be applicable to laminated conventional (nonAFC) media.
Privacy Preserving Image-Based Localization (2019)

Image-based localization is a core component of many augmented/mixed reality (AR/MR) and autonomous robotic systems. Current localization systems rely on the persistent storage of 3D point clouds of the scene to enable camera pose estimation, but such data reveals potentially sensitive scene information. This gives rise to significant privacy risks, especially as for many applications 3D mapping is a background process that the user might not be fully aware of. We pose the following question: How can we avoid disclosing confidential information about the captured 3D scene, and yet allow reliable camera pose estimation? This paper proposes the first solution to what we call privacy preserving image-based localization. The key idea of our approach is to lift the map representation from a 3D point cloud to a 3D line cloud. This novel representation obfuscates the underlying scene geometry while providing sufficient geometric constraints to enable robust and accurate 6-DOF camera pose estimation. Extensive experiments on several datasets and localization scenarios underline the high practical relevance of our proposed approach.
Anthrax lethal factor causes proteolytic inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (1999)

A search of the National Cancer Institute's Anti-Neoplastic Drug Screen for compounds with an inhibitory profile similar to that of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor PD098059 yielded anthrax lethal toxin. Anthrax lethal factor was found to inhibit progesterone-induced meiotic maturation of frog oocytes by preventing the phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Similarly, lethal toxin prevented the activation of MAPK in serum stimulated, ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. In vitro analyses using recombinant proteins indicated that lethal factor proteolytically modified the NH2-terminus of both MAPKK1 and 2, rendering them inactive and hence incapable of activating MAPK. The consequences of this inactivation upon meiosis and transformed cells are also discussed.
CAD-based recognition of 3D objects in monocular images (2009)

This paper provides a method for recognizing 3D objects in a single camera image and for determining their 3D poses.
Vaccination with <i>Leishmania</i> Hemoglobin Receptor–Encoding DNA Protects Against Visceral Leishmaniasis (2013)

Leishmaniasis is a severe infectious disease. Drugs used for leishmaniasis are very toxic, and no vaccine is available. We found that the hemoglobin receptor (HbR) of Leishmania was conserved across various strains of Leishmania, and anti-HbR antibody could be detected in kala-azar patients' sera. Our results showed that immunization with HbR-DNA induces complete protection against virulent Leishmania donovani infection in both BALB/c mice and hamsters. Moreover, HbR-DNA immunization stimulated the production of protective cytokines like interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with concomitant down-regulation of disease-promoting cytokines like IL-10 and IL-4. HbR-DNA vaccination also induced a protective response by generating multifunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. All HbR-DNA-vaccinated hamsters showed sterile protection and survived during an experimental period of 8 months. These findings demonstrate the potential of HbR as a vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis.
A frequent kinase domain mutation that changes the interaction between PI3Kα and the membrane (2009)

Mutations in oncogenes often promote tumorigenesis by changing the conformation of the encoded proteins, thereby altering enzymatic activity. The PIK3CA oncogene, which encodes p110alpha, the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kalpha), is one of the two most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers. We report the structure of the most common mutant of p110alpha in complex with two interacting domains of its regulatory partner (p85alpha), both free and bound to an inhibitor (wortmannin). The N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain of p85alpha is shown to form a scaffold for the entire enzyme complex, strategically positioned to communicate extrinsic signals from phosphopeptides to three distinct regions of p110alpha. Moreover, we found that Arg-1047 points toward the cell membrane, perpendicular to the orientation of His-1047 in the WT enzyme. Surprisingly, two loops of the kinase domain that contact the cell membrane shift conformation in the oncogenic mutant. Biochemical assays revealed that the enzymatic activity of the p110alpha His1047Arg mutant is differentially regulated by lipid membrane composition. These structural and biochemical data suggest a previously undescribed mechanism for mutational activation of a kinase that involves perturbation of its interaction with the cellular membrane.
The Phytoene synthase gene family of apple (Malus x domestica) and its role in controlling fruit carotenoid content (2015)

The first committed carotenoid pathway step in apple is controlled by MdPSY1 and MdPSY2, while MdPSY4 play little or no role in this respect. This has implications for apple breeding programmes where carotenoid enhancement is a target and would allow co-segregation with phenotypes to be tested during the development of new cultivars.
Detecting changes in 3-D shape using self-consistency (2002)

A method for reliably detecting change in the 3-D shape of objects that are well-modeled as single-value functions Z=f(x,y) is presented. It uses an estimate of the accuracy of the 3-D models derived from a set of images taken simultaneously. This accuracy estimate is used to distinguish between significant and insignificant changes in 3-D models derived from different image sets. The accuracy of the 3-D model is estimated using a general methodology, called self-consistency, for estimating the accuracy of computer vision algorithms, which does not require prior establishment of "ground truth". A novel image-matching measure based on Minimum Description Length (MDL) theory allows us to estimate the accuracy of individual elements of the 3-D model. Experiments to demonstrate the utility of the procedure are presented.
A High-Efficiency Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter With Continuous Conversion Ratio (2014)

A resonant switched capacitor converter with high efficiency over a wide and continuous conversion ratio range is introduced. The efficiency of the topology depends primarily on the conduction losses and is decoupled, to a large extent, from the voltage conversion ratio. This is an advantage over classical switched capacitor converters, for which the efficiency is strongly related to the conversion ratio. The operation principle applies three zero current switching states to charge, discharge, and balance the remaining charge of the flying capacitor. This results in a gyrator, i.e., a voltage-dependent current source, with a wide range of voltage conversion ratios (smaller as well as greater than unity) as well as bidirectional power flow capabilities. The analytical expressions for the conversion ratio and expected efficiency are provided and validated through simulations and experiments. The experimental verifications of the converter demonstrate peak efficiency of 96% and above 90% efficiency over a wide range of voltage gains and loading conditions. In addition, the system was found to be highly efficient at the extreme cases of both light and heavy loads.
A Novel Wireless Thermal Convection Type Angular Accelerometer Integrated with an Active RFID-Tag (2013)

Five novel ideas are proposed in this paper to integrate an active RFID tag with thermal convection angular accelerometer on a flexible substrate, thus the device is a wireless sensor. The first innovative idea is that this device is without any movable parts, so it is very reliable. The second new idea is that it is made on a flexible substrate, such as plastic or polyimide, thus it can save more power. The third new idea is that the xenon gas is applied in the chamber to conduct the heat instead of the traditional Carbon dioxide. CO2 can produce oxidation effect to the heater and thermal sensors, while the xenon not. The fourth new idea is to apply a hemi-spherical chamber; it is more streamline in nature with less drag effect to ease the fluid flow and yield quicker response. The fifth new idea and the most powerful one is that the angular accelerometer is integrated with an active RFID tag on the same flexible substrate, thus the device becomes a more useful wireless sensor. Note the linearity, sensitivity, and response times of step-input angular accelerations are better for the hemi-spherical chamber filled with Xe gas. The sensitivity is 71.4°C/(rad/s2) and the response time is 60μs.
Impedance-matched differential SNSPDs for practical photon counting with sub-10 ps timing jitter (2021)

We demonstrate large-area superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with simultaneous high system detection efficiency and low system jitter. We describe the device architecture and discuss optimal readout setup for practical applications.
An assessment of lead free solder (Sn3.7Ag0.8Cu) wettability (2003)

The National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (NEMI) standardized lead free solder tin/silver/copper (SnAgCu) ternary system in January 2000. This Sn3.7Ag0.8Cu has higher melting temperature of 217/spl deg/C as compared with current eutectic tin/lead solder (63Sn/37Pb; 183/spl deg/C). Thus, it is a challenge to electronic lead free packaging that requires higher reflow temperature. Optimizing lead-free-reflow-soldering process in second level interconnection is a critical step to ensure reliable solder joint is properly manufactured. This paper presents the assessment of lead free solder wettability. It covers a wide range of soldering parameters with 4 dominant factors and 14 variables. They are 4 different printed circuit board surface coatings (organic surface preservative, OSP; immersion silver, ImAg; electroless nickel immersion gold, ENIG and tin/lead hot air solder leveling), 4 different fluxes in SnAgCu solder pastes, 3 different reflow peak temperatures (225/spl deg/C, 230/spl deg/C and 235/spl deg/C) and 3 different ranges of time above liquidous (30-60s, 60-90s and 120-150s). A test board is designed in these studies. Wetting angles are output parameters and measured using a noncontact laser measurement system.
Generation of a Papaya Hybrid Variety with Broad-Spectrum Transgenic Resistance to Papaya ringspot virus and Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (2010)

The aphid-borne potyvirus, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), is the major limiting factor for papaya production worldwide. Transgenic resistance conferred by the PRSV-coat protein (CP) gene and based on the mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), has become the most effective method to protecting papaya from infection by the noxious virus. The PRSV-CP transgenic lines of cultivars ‘Rainbow’ and ‘SunUp’ have been commercialized in Hawaii since 1998, and to date, they have retained their resistance against the virus. However, another aphid-borne potyvirus, Papaya leaf-distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), which occurs in Okinawa and Taiwan, has emerged as a serious threat for PRSV-CP transgenic papaya. To deal with the new emerging problem, double resistance in transgenic papaya carrying a chimeric construct containing partial CP genes of PRSV and PLDMV was generated. In addition, a super strain of PRSV was recently identified, that contains a stronger gene silencing suppressor capable of effectively shutting off PTGS and single or double CP-transgenic resistance in a homology-independent way. To solve this problem, transgenic resistance generated by an untranslatable construct targeting the PRSV HC-Pro gene was developed and the transgenic papaya lines provided broad-spectrum resistance against the PRSV super strain and PRSV isolates from different geographical locations. The event-specific molecular markers, derived from the flanking sequences of the transgene integration, in combination with the sex-linked markers, significantly fastened the molecular breeding process for pyramiding of single, double and super transgenic resistance into a commercial hybrid papaya cultivar. The super commercial hybrid cultivar of papaya with broad-spectrum resistance to different strains of PRSV and PLDMV has a great potential for application in different geographic regions of the world.
Influence of Diastereomeric Ratios of Deoxyribonucleoside Phosphoramidites on the Synthesis of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides (2000)

Extensive investigations on the influence of diastereomeric ratios of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites on stereo-reproducibility of solid phase synthesis of phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the phosphoramidite approach indicate that the process is stereoreproducible and under inherent process control.
Neutron-capture-induced radiation treatment of polymeric materials (1996)

A method for the bulk treatment of polymeric materials is proposed. Energetic ions created after capture of a neutron beam by constituent atoms located within the polymer can be used to cause radiation-induced modifications such as cross linking in the polymer. In contrast to traditional ion implantation, the proposed method enables bulk treatment because of the relatively deep penetration of neutrons. Analytical estimates and Monte Carlo computations are performed for the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction for the cross linking and hydrogen depletion of boron-doped polystyrene. Requirements for the polymer composition and microstructure, as well as potential synthesis methods are discussed.
A digital microfluidic method for dried blood spot analysis (2011)

Blood samples stored as dried blood spots (DBSs) are emerging as a useful sampling and storage vehicle for a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, the surging popularity of DBS samples has not yet been accompanied by an improvement in automated techniques for extraction and analysis. As a first step towards overcoming this challenge, we have developed a prototype microfluidic system for quantification of amino acids in dried blood spots, in which analytes are extracted, mixed with internal standards, derivatized, and reconstituted for analysis by (off-line and in-line) tandem mass spectrometry. The new method is fast, robust, precise, and most importantly, compatible with automation. We propose that the new method can potentially contribute to a new generation of analytical techniques for quantifying analytes in DBS samples for a wide range of applications.
Contrasting host immuno‐inflammatory responses to bacterial challenge within venous and diabetic ulcers (2013)

Within chronic wounds, the relationship between the clinical diagnosis of infection and bacterial/immuno-inflammatory responses is imprecise. This study prospectively examined the interrelationship between clinical, microbiological, and proinflammatory biomarker levels between chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Wound swabs and fluids were collected from CVLUs (n = 18) and DFUs (n = 15) and diagnosed clinically as noninfected or infected; and qualitative/quantitative microbiology was performed. CVLU and DFU fluids were also analyzed for cytokine, growth factor, receptor, proteinase/proteinase inhibitor; and oxidative stress biomarker (protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant capacity) levels. While no correlations existed between clinical diagnosis, microbiology, or biomarker profiles, increasing bacterial bioburden (≥10(7) colony-forming unit/mL) was associated with significant alterations in cytokine, growth factor, and receptor levels. These responses contrasted between ulcer type, with elevated and decreased cytokine, growth factor, and receptor levels in CVLUs and DFUs with increasing bioburden, respectively. Despite proteinase biomarkers exhibiting few differences between CVLUs and DFUs, significant elevations in antioxidant capacities correlated with increased bioburden in CVLU fluids, but not in DFUs. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarker levels were significantly elevated in all DFU fluids compared with CVLUs. This study provides further insight into the contrasting disease-specific host responses to bacterial challenge within infected CVLUs and DFUs.
RAPID OXIDATIVE AGING OF BINDER USING MICROWAVE ENERGY. AN IMPROVED METHOD (2000)

This work describes a simple procedure for aging of road binder. In a single step, the neat (virgin), unmodified binder is irradiated by microwaves to give a product equivalent to that produced by both the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) followed by the Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). The one-step approach, besides simplicity, eliminates the need for solvent to clean the vessels. At 147 degrees C and 3080 kPa air pressure, the microwave radiation simulates RTFOT + PAV aging in 4.5 hr (as opposed to 1.5 hr for + 20 hr for PAV, in addition to the time of transfer). Microwave aging allows aging and testing in the same day. The proposed method is therefore competitive with the aging techniques of ASTM: D2872-96 and AASHTO PP1. Microwave aging was tested on the eight SHRP core asphalts. According to ASTM C670, the variation of six measurements of G*sin d (expressed as a percent of their mean) for asphalt AAF-1 (4.9 percent) was much smaller than the acceptable range of variation (31.6 percent). For S and m, again the variation (3.2 and 1.7 percent) was smaller than the acceptable range of variation (12.8 and 5.6 percent, respectively). This reflects the high repeatability of microwave aging. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107185.
Zone Model Predictive Control: A Strategy to Minimize Hyper- and Hypoglycemic Events (2010)

Zone-MPC reduces the variability of control moves over fixed set point control without the need to detune the controller. This strategy gives zone-MPC the ability to act quickly when needed and reduce unnecessary control moves in the euglycemic range.
Improving product review search experiences on general search engines (2009)

In the Web 2.0 era, internet users contribute a large amount of online content. Product review is a good example. Since these phenomena are distributed all over shopping sites, weblogs, forums etc., most people have to rely on general search engines to discover and digest others' comments. While conventional search engines work well in many situations, it's not sufficient for users to gather such information. The reasons include but are not limited to: 1) the ranking strategy does not incorporate product reviews' inherent characteristics, e.g., sentiment orientation; 2) the snippets are neither indicative nor descriptive of user opinions. In this paper, we propose a feasible solution to enhance the experience of product review search. Based on this approach, a system named "Improved Product Review Search (IPRS)" is implemented on the ground of a general search engine. Given a query on a product, our system is capable of: 1) automatically identifying user opinion segments in a whole article; 2) ranking opinions by incorporating both the sentiment orientation and the topics expressed in reviews; 3) generating readable review snippets to indicate user sentiment orientations; 4) easily comparing products based on a visualization of opinions. Both results of a usability study and an automatic evaluation show that our system is able to assist users quickly understand the product reviews within limited time.
Giant positive magnetoresistance in arrays of semi-metallic bismuth nanowires (1998)

Arrays of semi-metallic Bi nanowires have been successfully fabricated by electrodeposition. A very large positive magnetoresistance of 300% at low temperatures and 70% at room temperature with quasi-linear field dependence has been observed. These features are highly desirable for magnetoresistive field sensing applications.