gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LED-Induced fluorescence and image analysis to detect stink bug damage in cotton bolls (2013)

The imaging technique presented herein gives rise to a possible detection apparatus where a cotton boll is imaged in the field and images processed by software. The unique fluorescent signature left by stink bugs can be used to determine with high probability if a cotton boll has been punctured by a stink bug. We believe this technique, when integrated in a suitable device, could be used for more accurate detection in the field and allow for more optimized application of pest control.
Bis[[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolyl)]methyl]- carbodiimide (BDDC) and Its Application to Residue-Free Esterifications, Peptide Couplings, and Dehydrations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis[[4-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolyl)]methyl]- carbodiimide (BDDC) and Its Application to Residue-Free Esterifications, Peptide Couplings, and DehydrationsFrank S. Gibson, Myung Sook Park, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 24, 7503–7507Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00103a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00103a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1921Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nondestructive <scp>3D</scp> pathology with analysis of nuclear features for prostate cancer risk assessment (2023)

Prostate cancer treatment decisions rely heavily on subjective visual interpretation [assigning Gleason patterns or International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade groups] of limited numbers of two-dimensional (2D) histology sections. Under this paradigm, interobserver variance is high, with ISUP grades not correlating well with outcome for individual patients, and this contributes to the over- and undertreatment of patients. Recent studies have demonstrated improved prognostication of prostate cancer outcomes based on computational analyses of glands and nuclei within 2D whole slide images. Our group has also shown that the computational analysis of three-dimensional (3D) glandular features, extracted from 3D pathology datasets of whole intact biopsies, can allow for improved recurrence prediction compared to corresponding 2D features. Here we seek to expand on these prior studies by exploring the prognostic value of 3D shape-based nuclear features in prostate cancer (e.g. nuclear size, sphericity). 3D pathology datasets were generated using open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy of 102 cancer-containing biopsies extracted ex vivo from the prostatectomy specimens of 46 patients. A deep learning-based workflow was developed for 3D nuclear segmentation within the glandular epithelium versus stromal regions of the biopsies. 3D shape-based nuclear features were extracted, and a nested cross-validation scheme was used to train a supervised machine classifier based on 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR) outcomes. Nuclear features of the glandular epithelium were found to be more prognostic than stromal cell nuclear features (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.72 versus 0.63). 3D shape-based nuclear features of the glandular epithelium were also more strongly associated with the risk of BCR than analogous 2D features (AUC = 0.72 versus 0.62). The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that 3D shape-based nuclear features are associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and could be of value for the development of decision-support tools. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Service differentiation using a multi‐level RED mechanism (2002)

Abstract This paper describes a multi‐level active queue management scheme that combines packet classification and random early detection (RED) capabilities to provide differentiated performance characteristics for different classes of service. The proposed RED scheme uses a simple control‐theoretic algorithm to randomly discard packets with a load‐dependent probability when a buffer in a router gets congested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An electrolytic-free offline LED driver with a ceramic-capacitor-based compact SSC energy buffer (2014)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a compact ceramic-capacitor-based stacked switched capacitor (SSC) energy buffer for a single-stage offline 8-W 21-V output electrolytic-free LED driver. The elimination of the electrolytic capacitors can lead to a longer lifetime for the LED driver. Compared to earlier works, this design of the SSC energy buffer has a simpler ground-referenced gate drive circuit and eliminates the need for a separate precharge circuit. The prototype LED driver presented here uses a ceramic-capacitor-based SSC energy buffer with optimized capacitor sizing that provides substantially higher effective energy density than electrolytic capacitors. The improvement in energy density is achieved in part by a design approach which optimizes the ratio of the capacitance values of the capacitors in the SSC energy buffer. The prototyped SSC energy buffer achieves a round-trip efficiency of above 98%. The total passive volume of the ceramic capacitors in the prototype is less than half the volume of the electrolytic capacitors it replaces.
Cellular internalization pathways of glucose-functionalized gold nanoparticles (2019)

Nanomaterials functionalized with glucose have shown a great potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment. We have recently demonstrated that gold nanoparticles (GNP), functionalized with glucose, can be used for specific and sensitive tumor detection when combined with computed tomography (CT) - GNP functionalized with glucose in the second carbon position were used as a metabolically targeted contrast agents, and were able to discriminate between cancer and inflammation, which is a superior ability when comparing the FDG-PET which is not tumor specific. Here we aim to understand the uptake mechanisms of the glucose functionalized GNP using a comprehensive in vitro study in several cell types with different metabolic features, and examining the glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) involvement in the uptake process. We found that the glucose functionalized GNP are not toxic to the cells in the tested concentrations and we demonstrate that the cellular uptake of GNP, when functionalized with glucose in the second carbon position, strongly depends on GLUT1 expression in the cells, which triggers clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the nanoparticles. This study can promote control and development of glucose-functionalized nanoparticles for many biological applications.
Development of Ultra High Speed Milling Machine using Reciprocating Layer Cutter Path. (1999)

To realize highly efficient high speed milling of curved surfaces, it is important to resolve problems such as the generation of NC data, and the design of machine tools which will keep up with the new requirements. The reciprocating layer cutting path method serves as one solution to these problems. The aim of this study was to prototype a novel high speed milling machine. With an air bearing spindle, rotational speed of more than 100000 min-1 are realized. By providing a U axis against the X axis, feed speed of 100 m/min and acceleration speed of 2 G is possible. Milling experiments are carried out to clarify the advantages of the method
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium Diamine Catalyst for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones. (2012)

Abstract A chiral aqua iridium(III) diamine complex is used in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various α‐cyano and α‐nitro ketones to afford the corresponding optically active alcohols with high enantioselectivities.
On the Correlation of Aqueous and Nonaqueous In Situ and Ex Situ Photoluminescent Emissions from Porous Silicon: Evidence for Surface‐Bound Emitters (1998)

Porous silicon samples were prepared by anodizing p‐doped Si(100) substrates in both aqueous () and nonaqueous (MeCN/HF) media. The time‐dependent porous silicon photoluminescence (PL) was monitored during the etch (in situ) and after removal from the etch solution (ex situ). Correlation of the ex situ and in situ PL indicates that the composition of the etchant solution plays an extremely important role in the onset, time‐dependent intensity, and lifetime of the emission, both in and out of solution. The effect of etchant solution additives (ethylene glycol, , , NaF, HCl, and NaCl) on the porous silicon PL both during and following the etching cycle, was also determined. The distinct and different correlations found between aqueous and nonaqueous etchants provide insights into the mechanism of PL. These results, when considered in the context of quantum chemical modeling, strongly suggest surface‐bound silicon oxyhydride moieties as the source of the porous silicon PL.
Frequency-swept detector for ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers (1982)

Design, construction, performance, and use of a frequency-swept bridge detector for ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry are described. Special features include characterization and simple automatic correction of phase shift to allow broadband detection. The result is a detection system that may be used either at constant field or constant frequency. Drift-mode operation is simplified in that it may be satisfactorily used without the various signal modulation schemes used in previous detectors. In the trapped mode the detector may be pulsed to control the timing of ion detection. This detector makes it possible to do frequency-swept double resonance experiments which provide spectra of all the product ions of a given reactant ion. Circuit schematics and typical frequency- and field-swept spectra are shown.
Development and characterization of antibodies directed against the mouse D4 dopamine receptor (1998)

Polyclonal antibodies against the mouse D4 dopamine receptor have been developed in order to investigate the anatomical localization of this receptor in the mouse brain. Two antibodies were generated against specific peptides corresponding to predicted extracellular and intracellular regions of the D4 protein. Specificity of these antibodies was demonstrated on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells transfected with different dopamine receptor subtypes; immunoreactivity was detected only in cells transfected with the mouse D4 dopamine receptor cDNA. Following in vitro transcription/translation of the mouse D4 cDNA, a single protein band of 36 kDa was selectively immunoprecipitated with the anti-D4 antibodies. The antibodies also detected a single protein of 36 kDa in Western blot of HEK 293 cells transiently transfected with the mouse D4 receptor. These antibodies were able to detect the D4 receptor in several regions of the mouse brain. In the regions examined, D4 immunoreactivity was found in neurones located in layers II-VI of the frontal and piriform cortices, with the highest concentration in layer II; in scattered neurones in the caudate putamen and in larger neurones in the globus pallidus. In all experiments, both antibodies exhibit the same specificity, and all immunoreactivity could be abolished by preincubation with the corresponding peptide antigen.
Improved Primate Foamy Virus Vectors and Packaging Constructs (2002)

Foamy virus (FV) vectors that have minimal cis-acting sequences and are devoid of residual viral gene expression were constructed and analyzed by using a packaging system based on transient cotransfection of vector and different packaging plasmids. Previous studies indicated (i) that FV gag gene expression requires the presence of the R region of the long terminal repeat and (ii) that RNA from packaging constructs is efficiently incorporated into vector particles. Mutants with changes in major 5' splice donor (SD) site located in the R region identified this sequence element as responsible for regulating gag gene expression by an unidentified mechanism. Replacement of the FV 5' SD with heterologous splice sites enabled expression of the gag and pol genes. The incorporation of nonvector RNA into vector particles could be reduced to barely detectable levels with constructs in which the human immunodeficiency virus 5' SD or an unrelated intron sequence was substituted for the FV 5' untranslated region and in which gag expression and pol expression were separated on two different plasmids. By this strategy, efficient vector transfer was achieved with constructs that have minimal genetic overlap.
Average volume reference space for large scale registration of whole-body magnetic resonance images (2019)

The proposed method allows to quickly generate a reference space neutral with respect to local volume changes, that retains the registration quality of a sharp template, and that can be used for statistical analysis of voxel-wise correlations in large datasets of whole-body image data.
Preparation of Polyimides Via the Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation and Condensation of Tetraiodoaromatics and Diamines (1991)

Abstract Several polyimides were prepared by the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and condensation of tetraiodoaromatic compounds and diamines. This new reaction for preparing polyimides was verified in model compound work to be an efficient, high yield route to cyclic imides. Since fully imidized groups are formed during the polymerization, it was necessary to limit the diamines to those that would impart solubility to the polymer. In contrast to the model compound work, the polymerization reaction yielded an appreciable concentration of amide functional groups due to incomplete cyclization and/or branching reactions. Thermal characterization of the polyimides formed by this process is reported.
The co-electrolysis of CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O to methane via a novel micro-tubular electrochemical reactor (2017)

Efficient and direct conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to hydrocarbons through electrolysis is a promising approach for energy storage and CO<sub>2</sub> utilization.
Effect of plasma protein binding on the in vitro activity of Karenitecin™ (BNP1350) and other camptothecins. (2006)

5543 During the last 30 years, camptothecins have emerged as an important new class of anti-tumor drugs. Two water soluble camptothecin derivatives, topotecan and irinotecan, have been approved by the FDA. Karenitecin ™ (also known as BNP1350) is a highly lipophilic camptothecin derivative undergoing clinical development. It is characterized by substantial lactone stability and long plasma half-life. In vitro studies conducted on a panel of over 20 human cancer cell lines indicate that Karenitecin is significantly more potent than either topotecan or SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. Equilibrium dialysis studies with human plasma revealed that Karenitecin is 98 to 99% protein-bound. We have also reported that α1-acid glycoprotein can effectively protect Karenitecin lactone from hydrolysis. To begin to correlate the effect of plasma protein binding on potency for this class of drugs, we have conducted cytotoxicity studies using media that contain 40 mg/ml human serum albumin and 1 mg/ml α1-acid glycoprotein, approximating certain aspects of the protein fraction of human plasma. Karenitecin is found to be more potent in the presence of plasma proteins than other camptothecins with much larger free drug fractions. The data suggest that the activity of Karenitecin in the presence of plasma proteins is not limited to the free fraction as measured by equilibrium dialysis. The preferential affinity of camptothecins for either human serum albumin or α1-acid glycoprotein and the lactone protective effect may better explain the observed cytotoxic activity of camptothecins.
Automated High-Content Live Animal Drug Screening Using C. elegans Expressing the Aggregation Prone Serpin α1-antitrypsin Z (2010)

The development of preclinical models amenable to live animal bioactive compound screening is an attractive approach to discovering effective pharmacological therapies for disorders caused by misfolded and aggregation-prone proteins. In general, however, live animal drug screening is labor and resource intensive, and has been hampered by the lack of robust assay designs and high throughput work-flows. Based on their small size, tissue transparency and ease of cultivation, the use of C. elegans should obviate many of the technical impediments associated with live animal drug screening. Moreover, their genetic tractability and accomplished record for providing insights into the molecular and cellular basis of human disease, should make C. elegans an ideal model system for in vivo drug discovery campaigns. The goal of this study was to determine whether C. elegans could be adapted to high-throughput and high-content drug screening strategies analogous to those developed for cell-based systems. Using transgenic animals expressing fluorescently-tagged proteins, we first developed a high-quality, high-throughput work-flow utilizing an automated fluorescence microscopy platform with integrated image acquisition and data analysis modules to qualitatively assess different biological processes including, growth, tissue development, cell viability and autophagy. We next adapted this technology to conduct a small molecule screen and identified compounds that altered the intracellular accumulation of the human aggregation prone mutant that causes liver disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency. This study provides powerful validation for advancement in preclinical drug discovery campaigns by screening live C. elegans modeling α1-antitrypsin deficiency and other complex disease phenotypes on high-content imaging platforms.
Checkpointed early load retirement (2005)

Long-latency loads are critical in today's processors due to the ever-increasing speed gap with memory. Not only do these loads block the execution of dependent instructions, they also prevent other instructions from moving through the in-order reorder buffer (ROB) and retire. As a result, the processor quickly fills up with uncommitted instructions, and computation ultimately stalls. To attack this problem, we propose checkpointed early load retirement, a mechanism that combines register checkpointing and back-end .e., at retirement - load-value prediction. When a long-latency load hits the ROB head unresolved, the processor enters clear mode by (1) taking a checkpoint of the architectural registers, (2) supplying a load-value prediction to consumers, and (3) early-retiring the long-latency load. This unclogs the ROB, thereby "clearing the way" for subsequent instructions to retire, and also allowing instructions dependent on the long-latency load to execute sooner. When the actual value returns from memory, it is compared against the prediction. A misprediction causes the processor to roll back to the checkpoint, discarding all subsequent computation. The benefits of executing in clear mode come from providing early forward progress on correct predictions, and from warming up caches and other structures on wrong predictions. Our evaluation shows that a clear implementation with support for four checkpoints yields an average speedup of 1.12 for both eleven integer and eight floating-point applications (1.27 and 1.19 for five integer and five floating point memory-bound applications, respectively), relative to a contemporary out-of-order processor with an aggressive hardware prefetcher.
Cross-dataset action detection (2010)

In recent years, many research works have been carried out to recognize human actions from video clips. To learn an effective action classifier, most of the previous approaches rely on enough training labels. When being required to recognize the action in a different dataset, these approaches have to re-train the model using new labels. However, labeling video sequences is a very tedious and time-consuming task, especially when detailed spatial locations and time durations are required. In this paper, we propose an adaptive action detection approach which reduces the requirement of training labels and is able to handle the task of cross-dataset action detection with few or no extra training labels. Our approach combines model adaptation and action detection into a Maximum a Posterior (MAP) estimation framework, which explores the spatial-temporal coherence of actions and makes good use of the prior information which can be obtained without supervision. Our approach obtains state-of-the-art results on KTH action dataset using only 50% of the training labels in tradition approaches. Furthermore, we show that our approach is effective for the cross-dataset detection which adapts the model trained on KTH to two other challenging datasets.
Cloning and mapping of the  -adducin gene close to D4S95 and assessment of its relationship to Huntington disease (1992)

The genetic defect underlying Huntington's disease (HD) has been mapped to 4p16.3. Refined localization using recombinant HD chromosome analysis and allelic association analyses have identified two distinct candidate regions. Using a cDNA hybrid selection procedure we have cloned the gene for alpha-adducin, a subunit of a cytoskeletal protein crucial for spectrin-actin membrane plasticity. This gene maps to the proximal 2.2 Mb candidate region within 20 kb of D4S95. Alleles of markers at this locus have been shown to exhibit significant linkage disequilibrium with HD. A 4 kb alpha-adducin transcript was identified which is abundantly expressed in the caudate nucleus, the site of major neuronal loss in HD. Sequencing of the brain alpha-adducin cDNA from two HD patients and an age-matched control did not detect any sequence alterations specific to HD. However, we identified in brain cDNA of both patients and control samples, two alternately spliced brain exons, not previously described in the erythrocyte cDNA. A 93 bp exon is inserted in frame between codon 471 and 472 while a 34 bp exon inserted within codon 621 disrupts the frame and introduces a stop codon after 11 novel amino acids. The mapping of the adducin gene adjacent to D4S95 and its pattern of expression, as well as its potential for distinct alternately spliced variants, reinforces the necessity to accurately assess the role of the expression of this gene in the pathogenesis of HD.