gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lacritin, a Novel Tear Glycoprotein, Stimulates Tear Production in Rabbits without Ocular Toxicity (2008)

Dry eye is extremely common and debilitating disease. Current treatment options like artificial tears and cyclosporin are palliative and do not effectively address the underlying pathology of dry eye. Lacritin is a newly discovered glycoprotein that occurs naturally in human tears, produced solely by meibomian, lacrimal and salivary glands. Human recombinant lacritin stimulates tear secretion in cultured rat lacrimal acinar cells, leading us to hypothesize that topical application of lacritin will increase production of tears of normal composition. Bilateral tear production in New Zealand white rabbits was measured at 60, 120 and 240 min after a single topical administration of 50μl lacritin (1, 10, or 50 μg/ml). Tears were collected and slit lamp examination and ocular surface staining measured before and 240 min after treatment. Tear pH, protein and electrolyte concentrations were then measured. A 50 μg/ml lacritin dose increased tear production by 40% within 60 min and maintained for 240 min ( p<0.05 ). With other doses, a significant increase (55% from baseline, p<0.05 ) was observed only at 240 min. No local irritant effects were noted by slit‐lamp examination. The composition (pH, Na2+ and K+) of tears was also not different from normal tears. In conclusion, lacritin is a novel, safe and effective candidate for dry eye therapy. Lacritin, being mitogenic, may also help restore the natural tear film.
Targeting HIV mRNA for Degradation: 2,5-A Antisense Chimeras as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents for AIDS (1997)

Abstract We have identified a region within a 1 kb HIV gag RNA which can be ablated in vitro using a 2,5-A antisense chimera. The cleavage was specific and almost complete at a concentration of 100 nM chimera.
False Positive Reduction Using Multiscale Contextual Features for Prostate Cancer Detection in Multi-Parametric MRI Scans (2020)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent and one of the leading causes of cancer death among men. Multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) is a prominent diagnostic scan, which could help in avoiding unnecessary biopsies for men screened for PCa. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems could help radiologists to be more accurate and consistent in diagnosing clinically significant cancer from mp-MRI scans. Lack of specificity has been identified recently as one of weak points of such assistance systems. In this paper, we propose a novel false positive reduction network to be added to the overall detection system to further analyze lesion candidates. The new network utilizes multiscale 2D image stacks of these candidates to discriminate between true and false positive detections. We trained and validated our network on a dataset with 2170 cases from seven different institutions and tested it on a separate independent dataset with 243 cases. With the proposed model, we achieved area under curve (AUC) of 0.876 on discriminating between true and false positive detected lesions and improved the AUC from 0.825 to 0.867 on overall identification of clinically significant cases.
<i>Surgical Skin Markers Impair Human Saphenous Vein Graft Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Function</i> (2011)

Marking human saphenous vein graft (HSV) with a surgical skin marker to prevent twisting on implantation is a common practice in peripheral and coronary artery bypass procedures. This study is designed to examine the effects of surgical skin markers on the HSV smooth muscle and endothelial functional responses. De-identified HSV remnants were collected during peripheral and coronary artery bypass procedures. Physiologic responses of the HSV were measured using a muscle bath. Veins that were marked with surgical skin markers intraoperatively generated significantly less contractile force to depolarizing KCl (110 mM) and receptor-mediated contractile agonists than unmarked HSV, suggesting that surgical skin markers impaired HSV smooth muscle contractility. To directly access the effects of chemical components in the surgical skin markers, unmarked HSV was exposed to isopropyl alcohol (a solvent commonly used in surgical skin markers) or methylene blue (a dye). Smooth muscle contractility was significantly reduced by isopropyl alcohol and methylene blue. Endothelial-dependent relaxation to carbachol was significantly reduced after exposure to surgical skin markers. Our data demonstrated that marking HSV with surgical skin markers reduces smooth muscle and endothelial functional viability.
A study of DNA methylation in myotonic dystrophy. (1993)

We have examined the hypothesis that the severe congenital form of myotonic dystrophy is caused by genomic imprinting at the level of differential DNA methylation of maternal and paternal alleles. Probes encompassing the 5', central, and 3' regions of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene were used on blots of blood DNA from congenital and adult onset patients, digested with combinations of methylation sensitive and insensitive restriction enzymes. We observed similar patterns of methylation in each of the different classes of patient, and found no methylation differences between paternally and maternally derived alleles. Within the limitations of the experiment, our results provide no evidence for a role for genomic imprinting in congenital myotonic dystrophy and suggest that the explanation for this form of the disease will be found elsewhere.
Lateral superresolution using a posteriori phase shift estimation for a moving object: experimental results (2010)

Structured illumination imaging uses multiple images of an object having different phase shifts in the sinusoidally patterned illumination to obtain lateral superresolution in stationary specimens in microscopy. In our recent work we have discussed a method to estimate these phase shifts a posteriori, allowing us to apply this technique to non-stationary objects such as in vivo tissue. Here we show experimental verification of our earlier simulations for phase shift estimation a posteriori. We estimated phase shifts in fluorescence microscopy images for an object having unknown, random translational motion and used them to obtain an artifact-free reconstruction having the expected superresolution.
Randomized phase II study of adjuvant WT1 vaccine (SLS-001) for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) after multimodality therapy. (2016)

8519 Background: WT1 is an ideal candidate for a tumor selective cancer vaccine in malignancies that express WT1, such as MPM. Using native and synthetic WT1 peptide sequences, a multivalent peptide vaccine, SLS-001, was created to stimulate both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. In a pilot trial including those with previously treated MPM, SLS-001 was well-tolerated and CD4/8 immune responses were generated. Subsequently, we began this trial in WT1 expressing MPM after multimodality therapy. Methods: Within 12 weeks of completing multimodality therapy, patients were randomized to Montanide and GM-CSF with or without SLS-001. Treatment consisted of 6 subcutaneous vaccinations on weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Injection sites were prestimulated with GM-CSF on days -2 and 0. Immune responses were evaluated by ELISPOT and T-cell proliferation assays at week 12. Patients were followed with imaging every 3 months with a primary endpoint of 1-year progression-free survival (PFS). Results: 40 patients were randomized (21 placebo, 19 vaccine) from two institutions. Patient characteristics were balanced. There were no serious treatment related adverse events. Based on a prespecified futility analysis of each arm (futility = > 10/20 patients experience progression < 1 year), the control arm was closed in 5/2015; accrual was stopped and the SLS-001 arm was closed in 11/2015. Median PFS from randomization was 11.4 months (95% CI 4.4-24.3) in the SLS-001 arm v. 5.7 months (95% CI 2.7-14.6) in the control arm (HR 0.69, p = 0.3). Similarly, median overall survival (OS) from randomization was 21.4 months (95% CI 8.5-40.4) in the SLS-001 arm v. 16.6 months (95% CI 7.7-24.8) in the control arm (HR 0.52, p = 0.14). In the subgroup with R0 resection, median OS was 39.3 months in the SLS-001 arm and 24.8 in the control arm (p = 0.04). Conclusions: This randomized, controlled phase II trial demonstrated that administration of SLS-001 in MPM was associated with a trend toward improved PFS and OS, though the trial was not originally powered to determine this effect. These results warrant additional better powered, randomized studies to define the optimal use and benefit of SLS-001 in mesothelioma. Clinical trial information: NCT01265433.
Towards Enabling Next Generation Mobile Mashups (2012)

Evolution of Web browser functionality on mobile devices is the driving force for ‘mobile mashups’, where content rendered on a device is amalgamated from multiple Web sources. From richness perspective, such mashups can be enhanced to incorporate features that are unique to the mobile setting - (1) native Device features, such as location and calendar information, camera, Bluetooth, etc. available on a smart mobile platform, and (2) core Telecom network functionality, such as SMS and Third Party Call Control, exposed as services in a converged IP/Web network setup. Although various techniques exist for creating desktop-based mashups, these are insufficient to utilize a three-dimensional setting present in the mobile domain - comprising of the Web, native Device features and Telecom services. In this paper, we describe middleware support for this purpose, both on the server side dealing with processing and integration of content, as well as on the device side dealing with rendering, device integration, Web service invocation, and execution. Moreover, we characterize how various components in this middleware ensure portability and adaptation of mashups across different devices and Telecom protocols. Based on our approach, we provide an implementation of mashup framework on three popular mobile platforms - iPhone, Android and Nokia S60, and discuss it’s utility.
A new tetradentate ligand for atom transfer radical polymerization (2004)

Abstract The properties of a ligand, including molecular structure and substituents, strongly affect the catalyst activity and control of the polymerization in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). A new tetradentate ligand, N , N ′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl‐3‐hexoxo‐3‐oxopropyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (BPED) was synthesized and examined as the ligand of copper halide for ATRP of styrene (St), methyl acrylate (MA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA), and compared with other analogous linear tetrdendate ligands. The BPED ligand was found to significantly promote the activation reaction: the CuBr/BPED complex reacted with the initiators so fast that a large amount of Cu(II)Br 2 /BPED was produced and thus the polymerizations were slow for all the monomers. The reaction of CuCl/BPED with the initiator was also fast, but by reducing the catalyst concentration or adding CuCl 2 , the activation reaction could be slowed to establish the equilibrium of ATRP for a well‐controlled living polymerization of MA. CuCl/BPED was found very active for the polymerization of MA. For example, 10 mol% of the catalyst relatively to the initiator was sufficient to mediate a living polymerization of MA. The CuCl/BPED, however, could not catalyze a living polymerization of MMA because the resulting CuCl 2 /BPED could not deactivate the growing radicals. The effects of the ligand structures on the catalysis of ATRP are also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3553–3562, 2004
Experimental estimation of an optical disk system with V-shaped grooves (1983)

A new high-density optical disk system has been investigated experimentally. In this system, the optical disk has grooves with a V-shaped cross-sectional configuration. The V-shaped grooves are spaced bottom to bottom by the presently used track pitch, and all walls of the grooves are capable of storing information. The cross talk from information on an adjacent wall has been determined to be almost equal to that of the presently used optical disk, and the new system is verified to double the information density of the optical disk.
FBRAM (1994)

FBRAM, a new form of dynamic random access memory that greatly accelerates the rendering of Z-buffered primitives, is presented. Two key concepts make this acceleration possible. The first is to convert the read-modify-write Z-buffer compare and RGBα blend into a single write only operation. The second is to support two levels of rectangularly shaped pixel caches internal to the memory chip. The result is a 10 megabit part that, for 3D graphics, performs read-modify-write cycles ten times faster than conventional 60 ns VRAMs. A four-way interleaved 100MHz FBRAM frame buffer can Z-buffer up to 400 million pixels per second. Working FBRAM prototypes have been fabricated.
X-ray diffraction contrast tomography: a novel technique for three-dimensional grain mapping of polycrystals. I. Direct beam case (2008)

The principles of a novel technique for nondestructive and simultaneous mapping of the three-dimensional grain and the absorption microstructure of a material are explained. The technique is termed X-ray diffraction contrast tomography, underlining its similarity to conventional X-ray absorption contrast tomography with which it shares a common experimental setup. The grains are imaged using the occasionally occurring diffraction contribution to the X-ray attenuation coefficient each time a grain fulfils the diffraction condition. The three-dimensional grain shapes are reconstructed from a limited number of projections using an algebraic reconstruction technique. An algorithm based on scanning orientation space and aiming at determining the corresponding crystallographic grain orientations is proposed. The potential and limitations of a first approach, based on the acquisition of the direct beam projection images only, are discussed in this first part of the paper. An extension is presented in the second part of the paper [Johnson, King, Honnicke, Marrow & Ludwig (2008). J. Appl. Cryst. 41 , 310–318], addressing the case of combined direct and diffracted beam acquisition.
NEW SYNTHESIS OF L-FMAU FROM L-ARABINOSE (2002)

A new synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-L-arabinofuranosyl uracil (13, L-FMAU) was achieved in 10 steps from L-arabinose.
Large-scale photonic integrated circuits (2011)

We present an overview of Infinera's current generation of 100 Gb/s transmitter and receiver PICs as well as results from the next-generation 500 Gb/s PM-QPSK PICs.
Frictional Property of Zinc Oxide Coating Films Observed by Lateral Force Microscopy (2003)

Zinc oxide coating films were synthesized by a magnetron sputter deposition method on stainless steel substrates. The crystal structure of the films was analyzed with X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Adhesion and frictional properties were obtained from force curves and lateral force data using atomic force microscopy under an atmosphere and in a vacuum. It was found that the friction coefficient decreased in spite of a marked increase in adhesion force on the film surface with heat treatment at 473 K in a vacuum. It was considered that the film surface energy changed during the heat treatment and affected the frictional properties of the films.
An energy-efficient level shifter for low-power applications (2015)

One effective way to reduce the power consumption of biomedical implantable devices is to employ different supply voltages for different parts of the system depending on the processing speed of each part. This, however, necessitates the use of voltage level converters. This paper presents a power-efficient voltage level-shifting architecture that is capable of converting low levels of input voltages (even sub-threshold levels) to high levels of output voltages. In order to reduce the transition time of the output signal and consequently power consumption, the proposed circuit utilizes a diode-connected transistor to reduce the swing of the critical node. Moreover, the pull-down network is also improved. Post-layout simulation results of the proposed structure in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology show that at the target design of input low supply voltage of 0.4 V and high supply voltage of 1.8 V, the level-shifter has a propagation delay of 31ns, a static power dissipation of 1.16nW, and a power dissipation of 0.68μW for a 1-MHz input signal.
An Effective Channel Control Algorithm for Integrated IPTV Services Over DOCSIS CATV Networks (2007)

In this paper, we present an effective IPTV channel control algorithm that guarantees a seamless channel change and provides a fast data communication service simultaneously via controlling the usage levels of uplink and downlink resources over DOCSIS CATV networks. The proposed algorithm treats the number of adjacent channels and the assigned grant interval as control variables to reduce the network delay part of channel zapping time and improve the quality-of-service of the uplink and downlink. Finally, the experimental results are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Surface chemical state populations in the molecular beam epitaxy deposition of BaF2 on GaAs by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and heavy-ion backscattering spectroscopy (1996)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and heavy-ion backscattering spectroscopy (HIBS) were used to investigate the chemical states of barium atoms in submonolayer BaF2 depositions on GaAs (100) substrates. XPS measurements showed barium atoms to have two different chemical states at the BaF2/GaAs interface. The relative abundance of these two states was also determined by XPS. The number of barium atoms in each state was found by normalizing integrated XPS peak intensities to HIBS measurements of the total number of barium atoms on the surface. The results were used to formulate a model of a two-stage deposition mechanism whereby BaF2 first reacts with gallium at the surface and dissociates, releasing gaseous GaF. This reaction is apparently self-limiting, resulting in a barium ‘‘template’’ layer that enables subsequent BaF2 molecules to form an epitaxial (100)-oriented film.
Chemiluminescence, Electrogenerated (2000)

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence ( ECL ) is the process in which electrogenerated species undergo electron transfer reactions to form excited states that emit light. Many molecules have the potential to produce ECL ; however, Ru(bpy) 3 2 + (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) is the most common emitter used for analytical applications. Ru(bpy) 3 2 + is water soluble and can provide high‐intensity signals in aqueous solutions under physiological conditions ( pH = 7.2–7.6). Application of a voltage to an electrode in the presence of an emitter induces light production and allows for the detection of the emitter at very low concentrations. Advantages over other analytical methods include low backgrounds, precise spatial and temporal control over the emission process, and capability for signal amplification. Commercial systems exist that use ECL to detect numerous clinically relevant analytes with high sensitivity using a variety of assay formats.
Disk striping in video server environments (2002)

A growing number of applications need access to video data stored in digital form on secondary storage devices (e.g., video-on-demand, multimedia messaging). As a result, video servers that are responsible for the storage and retrieval, at fixed rates, of hundreds of videos from disks are becoming increasingly important. Since video data tends to be voluminous, several disks are usually used in order to store the videos. A challenge is to devise schemes for the storage and retrieval of videos that distribute the workload evenly across disks, reduce the cost of the server and at the same time, provide good response times to client requests for video data. We present schemes that are based on striping videos (fine-grained as well as coarse-grained) across disks in order to effectively utilize disk bandwidth. The proposed schemes are starvation-free and provide good response times to client requests. For the schemes, we show how an optimal-cost server architecture can be determined if data for a certain prespecified number of videos is to be concurrently retrieved. Finally, through extensive simulations, we compare the performance of the various schemes.
Sequential Acquisition of Toilet-Training Skills: A Descriptive Study of Gender and Age Differences in Normal Children (2002)

In this study population, girls achieve nearly all toilet-training skills earlier than boys, including successful completion. Most children do not master the readiness skills until after the second birthday. The range of normalcy for the attainment of individual skills may vary by as much as a year.
A compact switched capacitor dc-dc converter based Global Peak Power Point tracker for partially shaded PV arrays of portable equipment (2011)

Under uniform insolation there is only one Maximum Power Point (MPP) for the PV array. However, when the array is partially shaded, the power-voltage (P-V) characteristics get more complex, displaying multiple peaks, only one of which called the Global Peak Power Point (GP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) corresponds to the MPP. The rest being local peaks, correspond to lower power. It is very essential, especially in portable systems, to track the MPP and extract maximum power from the array so as to minimize the overall size of the system. Hitherto, conventional dc-dc converters have been used as MPP trackers. This paper proposes a Pulse Width Modulated Switched Capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter based MPP tracker that tracks the peak power point under normal insolation and under partially shaded conditions. There is provision to reconfigure the SC converter configuration to maximize the efficiency even with large input-output voltage differentials. An algorithm is executed to track the GP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> during partial shading. A 10W SC based MPP tracker, weighing less than 50g, for charging a battery is implemented and the details are presented. The size and weight advantages of the SC based MPP tracker makes it ideal for use in portable systems.
Measurement of Gases by a Suppressed Conductometric Capillary Electrophoresis Separation System (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of Gases by a Suppressed Conductometric Capillary Electrophoresis Separation SystemPurnendu K. Dasgupta and Satyajit. KarCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 21, 3853–3860Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00117a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00117a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts