gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next Generation Extractants for Cesium Separation from High-Level Waste: From Fundamental Concepts to Site Implementation (2003)

This project seeks a fundamental understanding and major improvement in cesium separation from high-level waste by cesium-selective calixcrown extractants. Systems of particular interest involve novel solvent-extraction systems containing specific members of the calix[4]arene-crown-6 family, alcohol solvating agents, and alkylamines. Questions being addressed pertain to cesium binding strength, extraction selectivity, cesium stripping, and extractant solubility. Enhanced properties in this regard will specifically benefit cleanup projects funded by the USDOE Office of Environmental Management to treat and dispose of high-level radioactive wastes currently stored in underground tanks at the Savannah River Site (SRS), the Hanford site, and the Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory.1 The most direct beneficiary will be the SRS Salt Processing Project, which has recently identified the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process employing a calixcrown as its preferred technology for cesium removal from SRS high-level tank waste.2 This technology owes its development in part to fundamental results obtained in this program.
Association of serum level of YKL-40 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with survival (2006)

5551 Background: High serum YKL-40 is associated with poor prognosis in breast-, colorectal-, ovarian-, prostate-, small cell lung carcinoma and malignant melanoma. YKL-40 is secreted by cancer cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Its function in cancer is unknown. It may be a growth factor, play a role in angiogenesis or protect against apoptosis. The aim was to examine serum YKL-40 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Methods: YKL-40 was determined by ELISA (Quidel, Santa Clara, CA) in serum samples from 138 patients with SCCHN (median age 60, range 44–92 years) before surgery and/or fractionated radiotherapy (total dose of 60–68 Gy, 2-Gy fractions). 42 patients had stage 1, 28 stage 2, 22 stage 3, and 46 stage 4 disease. The median follow-up time was 4.0 years (range 15 days–8.5 years). 91 patients had died. Results: Serum YKL-40 was increased (p < 0.001) in patients with SCCHN (median 120 μg/l, range 25–1848 μg/l) compared to healthy controls (43 μg/l, 20–184 μg/l, n = 245). Serum YKL-40 was elevated in 52% of the patients. Patients with stage 1 disease had lower, but non-significant, serum YKL-40 compared to patients with stage 2–4 disease (median 113 μg/l, range 25–1000 μg/l vs. 139 μg/l, 29–1848 μg/l, p = 0.06). Patients with high serum YKL-40 had significantly shorter survival than patients with normal serum YKL-40 (33 months vs. 74 months, p = 0.01 logrank test). Univariate analysis of serum YKL-40 (log transformed and treated as a continuous covariate) showed significant association with overall survival after start of therapy (HR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7, p = 0.0004). Multivariate Cox analysis including age, stage and serum YKL-40 (log transformed and treated as a continuous variable) showed that stage (stage 3–4 vs. stage 1–2, HR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.9–4.6, p < 0.0001) and serum YKL-40 (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.8, p = 0.0003) were independent prognostic variables of overall survival. Conclusions: Serum YKL-40 is a prognostic biomarker of overall survival in SCCHN patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Simulating electronic and optical processes in multilayer organic light-emitting devices (2003)

A detailed investigation of the device operation of a blue-emitting multilayer organic light-emitting device (OLED) using an electronic device model is presented. In particular, a transient electroluminescence overshoot at turn-on is found to originate from charge and recombination confinement effects at internal interfaces. The location of the emission zone is obtained from the electronic model and its experimental determination exemplified by a sensing layer method. Moreover, the optimization of emission intensity and color is discussed for a red-emitting OLED. The thin-film interference effects are analyzed with help of an optical device model.
Plasma doping (2004)

The author's group updates plasma doping with using He plasma amorphous (PA) technology and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). PD is a good alternative method for ultra shallow junction formation at 45nm technology node and beyond. The latest annealing method of laser annealing (LA) and flash lamp annealing (FLA) were combined with PD. Conventional spike RTA was also used for adequate junction depth with lower resistance.
Global negative regulation of Streptomyces coelicolor antibiotic synthesis mediated by an absA-encoded putative signal transduction system (1996)

Streptomycete antibiotic synthesis is coupled to morphological differentiation such that antibiotics are produced as a colony sporulates. Streptomyces coelicolor produces several structurally and genetically distinct antibiotics. The S. coelicolor absA locus was defined by four UV-induced mutations that globally blocked antibiotic biosynthesis without blocking morphological differentiation. We show that the absA locus encodes a putative eubacterial two-component sensor kinase-response regulator system. All four mutations lie within a single open reading frame, designated absA1, which is predicted to encode a sensor histidine kinase. A second gene downstream of absA1, absA2, is predicted to encode the cognate response regulator. In marked contrast to the antibiotic-deficient phenotype of the previously described absA mutants, the phenotype caused by disruption mutations in the absA locus is precocious hyperproduction of the antibiotics actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin. Precocious hyperproduction of these antibiotics is correlated with premature expression of XylE activity in a transcriptional fusion to an actinorhodin biosynthetic gene. We propose that the absA locus encodes a signal transduction mechanism that negatively regulates synthesis of the multiple antibiotics produced by S. coelicolor.
Congestion-free communication in high-speed packet networks (1991)

The process of packet clustering in a network with well-regulated input traffic is studied and a strategy for congestion-free communication in packet networks is proposed. The strategy provides guaranteed services per connection with no packet loss and an end-to-end delay which is a constant plus a small bounded jitter term. It is composed of an admission policy imposed per connection at the source node, and a particular queuing scheme practiced at the switching nodes, which is called stop-and-go queuing. The admission policy requires the packet stream of each connection to possess a certain smoothness property upon arrival at the network. This is equivalent to a peak bandwidth allocation per connection. The queuing scheme eliminates the process of packet clustering and thereby preserves the smoothness property as packets travel inside the network. Implementation is simple.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling and reducing power consumption in large IT systems (2010)

This paper proposes a new energy optimization methodology using the Potluck Problem concept for large and complex IT systems. The proposed methodology involves analyzing the historical time-series data about resource utilization in the IT system, and finding interesting temporal patterns therefrom. Based on the analysis, a system of predictors is constructed wherein each predictor provides an estimate of demand for resources in the IT system for a future time period. These estimates are then used in the Potluck Problem solution strategy to obtain final demand predictions. This approach has been tested for efficacy using data from an actual large IT system. Before-and-after comparison is done for computing energy savings had the resources in the IT system been provisioned in accordance with our approach, in comparison with what actually transpired. Following these calculations, policies are designed with an aim to reduce the aggregate power consumption of the IT system.
In vivo Assessment of Chronic Diabetic Wounds with DPDW Methodology (2008)

Optical properties of diabetic wounds in human subjects were assessed over several weeks using DPDW methodology. Preliminary results indicate that differences in optical properties can be seen between wounds with different healing behaviors. Article not available.
Magnetic Properties and Microstructures of Newly Developed Iron-Based Soft Magnetic Powders (2018)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a high-magnetization Fe-Mn powder that is easily solidified using conventional powder-metallurgy processes rather than the conventional method of using rolled electrical steel sheets. Fe-Mn powders doped with 0.1 and 33 at% manganese, referred to as “Mn0.1” and “Mn33”, respectively, were fabricated by the reduction of Mn-doped-ferrite (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Mn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> nanopowders with hydrogen gas at 900-1100 °C. The starting manganese-doped-ferrite nanopowder, with particles in the 5-50 nm size range, were prepared using an aqueous process. The Mn0.1 sample exhibited a saturation magnetization of ~219 emu/g, which is comparable to that of pure iron powders. The Mn0.1 and Mn33 powders, featuring crystal sizes of 0.1-10 μm, exhibited coercivities of 0.1-1 Oe; these values are much lower than that of similarly sized iron powders. To study the fine microstructures of these powders, transmission electron microscopy augmented with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used, which revealed grains 20-100 nm in size, despite the Mn0.1 and Mn33 specimens having different manganese contents. As these sizes are rather large for coercivity to be controlled by random anisotropy, we propose that a novel magnetic-reversal mechanism operates in these Fe-Mn powders.
Purification of plasmid DNA by tangential flow filtration (2000)

A simple, scalable method for purification of plasmid DNA is described. The method includes modification of the classical alkaline-lysis-based plasmid extraction method by extending the solubilization step from less than 30 min to 24 h. The extraction is followed by the novel use of tangential flow filtration (TFF) for purification of the remaining contaminants. The method does not include the use of any organic solvents, RNase, high-speed centrifugation, or column chromatography steps. The method typically yields 15 to 20 mg of plasmid DNA per liter of bacterial culture and results in removal of >99% of RNA and >95% of the protein that remains after the modified alkaline lysis procedure. The procedure has been demonstrated to be effective in the isolation of seven different plasmids. Plasmids isolated using this method had comparable transfection capability relative to plasmid isolated using a classical, cesium chloride gradient-based method.
Effects of serial harvest of plasma on total plasma protein and total immunoglobulin G concentrations in donor horses involved in a plasmapheresis program (2012)

Serial plasmapheresis procedures caused significant decreases in both plasma protein and IgG concentrations in donor horses; however, decreases were not physiologically relevant. Performing plasmapheresis in horses in accordance with the evaluated automated plasmapheresis procedures did not result in a critical decrease in total plasma protein or total IgG concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics and immunological effects of human IL-15/IL-15R{alpha} heterodimeric complexes in macaques and comparison to single-chain IL-15 (P6242) (2013)

The common γ-chain cytokine IL-15 plays a significant role in CD8+ T and NK cell survival, proliferation and activation, and may find clinical applications in cancer. We have previously showed that co-expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα in the same cell allows for efficient production of bioactive IL-15 heterodimer in vivo, whereas the single-chain IL-15 is unstable and poorly secreted. In addition, the identification of soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes in human and mice sera suggests that the IL-15 heterodimer is the natural form of the cytokine in vivo. We have developed stable cell lines overproducing IL-15/IL-15Rα heterodimers. We compared pharmacokinetics and biological effects of purified IL-15 heterodimers with E.coli-derived single-chain IL-15 in macaques. Upon i.v. injection, the plasma half-life of IL-15 heterodimers was increased 6x compared to single-chain IL-15. Injection s.c. of IL-15 heterodimers resulted in persistent bioactive level of plasma IL-15 for up to 72 hrs. Repeated s.c. administration of IL-15 heterodimers resulted in a massive expansion of NK, γδ and CD8 T cells. Therefore, in comparison to single-chain IL-15, IL-15 heterodimer is more stable in vivo, has longer plasma half-life and is more bioactive in macaques. This favorable pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics profile allows for lower dose, simple s.c. delivery and lowers the possibility of toxicity due to cytokine spike, therefore it is the most favorable form for clinical applications of IL-15.
Investigation of degradation inhibitors on CO2 capture process (2011)

In this study we have used sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (KNaC4H4O6⋅4H2O), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to effectively inhibit O2-SO2 induced degradation of amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA) during CO2 capture from flue gases (i.e. the degradation systems of MEA-O2-SO2-H2O-CO2). The ranges of experimental conditions were such as to duplicate the extremes normally encountered in a typical CO2 capture process in a coal fired power plant. MEA concentration, O2 concentration, SO2 concentration, CO2 concentration and degradation temperature were respectively in the range of 3–7 kmol/m3, 6–100%, 0–196 ppm, 0–0.52 loading, and 393 K. There were optimum concentrations of these inhibitors that best prevented the degradation; namely, 0.05, 0.01, 0.0025, and 0.025 kmol/m3 respectively for Na2SO3, NaKC4H4O6⋅4H2O, EDTA, and NH2OH. Outside these concentrations the inhibitors were not very effective. The blend of Na2SO3-KNaC4H4O6⋅4H2O was the most effective inhibitor either in the absence or presence of CO2. Based on the evaluation of the inhibition mechanisms, Na2SO3 works as an O2 and SO2 scavenger, while KNaC4H4O6⋅4H2O, EDTA, and NH2OH function as radical scavengers. It was also observed that CO2 alone works on the basis of the salting out effect whereby CO2 goes into the aqueous amine solution in preference to O2 and SO2.
Improvement of fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography with improved optical filtering and accurate model-based reconstruction algorithms (2011)

The goal of preclinical fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography (FEOT) is to provide three-dimensional fluorophore distribution for a myriad of drug and disease discovery studies in small animals. Effective measurements, as well as fast and robust image reconstruction, are necessary for extensive applications. Compared to bioluminescence tomography (BLT), FEOT may result in improved image quality through higher detected photon count rates. However, background signals that arise from excitation illumination affect the reconstruction quality, especially when tissue fluorophore concentration is low and/or fluorescent target is located deeply in tissues. We show that near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with an optimized filter configuration significantly reduces the background noise. Model-based reconstruction with a high-order approximation to the radiative transfer equation further improves the reconstruction quality compared to the diffusion approximation. Improvements in FEOT are demonstrated experimentally using a mouse-shaped phantom with targets of pico- and subpico-mole NIR fluorescent dye.
44.3: A Liquid Crystal Lens with Non‐uniform Anchoring Energy (2008)

Abstract The study of a tunable liquid crystal lens having a uniform cell gap, uniform applied voltage and non‐uniform anchoring energy was done. Optimal parameters of such a lens were found and discussed. We demonstrated that producing a desired director gradient profile with non‐uniform spatial distribution of the anchoring energy is a good alternative for other known methods applied for liquid crystal lenses.
Measuring playlist diversity for recommendation systems (2006)

We describe a way to measure the diversity of consumer's musical interests and characterize this diversity using published musical playlists. For each song in the playlist we calculate a set of features, which were optimized for genre recognition, and represent the song as a single point in a multidimensional genre-space. Given the points for a set of songs, we fit an ellipsoid to the data, and then describe the diversity of the playlist by calculating the volume of the enclosing ellipsoid. We compare 887 different playlists, representing nearly 29,000 distinct songs, to collections of different genres and to the size of our entire database. Playlists tend to be less diverse than a genre, and, by our measure, about 5 orders of magnitude smaller than the entire song set. These characteristics are important for recommendation systems, which want to present users with a set of recommendations tuned to each user's diversity.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) and failure analysis: models, methodologies and mechanisms (2003)

Failure analysis is fundamental to the design and development methodology of electrostatic discharge (ESD) devices and ESD robust circuits. The role of failure analysis in the models, methodology, and mechanisms evaluation for improving ESD robustness of semiconductor products and magnetic recording heads are discussed.
Fast Binary Counters Based on Symmetric Stacking (2017)

In this brief, a new binary counter design is proposed. It uses 3-bit stacking circuits, which group all of the “1” bits together, followed by a novel symmetric method to combine pairs of 3-bit stacks into 6-bit stacks. The bit stacks are then converted to binary counts, producing 6:3 counter circuits with no xor gates on the critical path. This avoidance of xor gates results in faster designs with efficient power and area utilization. In VLSI simulations, the proposed counters are 30% faster than existing parallel counters and also consume less power than other higher order counters. Additionally, using the proposed counters in existing counter-based Wallace tree multiplier architectures reduces latency and power consumption for 64 and 128-bit multipliers.
3-[[(Aryloxy)alkyl]piperidinyl]-1,2-Benzisoxazoles as D2/5-HT2 Antagonists with Potential Atypical Antipsychotic Activity: Antipsychotic Profile of Iloperidone (HP 873) (1995)

A series of 3-[[(aryloxy)alkyl]piperidinyl]-1,2-benzisoxazoles was synthesized and evaluated as potential antipsychotic D2/5-HT2 antagonists. Most of these compounds showed potent antipsychotic-like activity in an apomorphine-induced climbing mouse paradigm, with many also showing preferential mesolimbic activity, as indicated by their weaker effects in an apomorphine-induced stereotypy model. In receptor binding assays, many displayed a moderate affinity for the D2 receptor coupled with a significantly greater affinity for the 5-HT2 receptor: a property that has been suggested as necessary for atypicality. From this series, compound 45, 1-[4-[3-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1- piperidinyl]propoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethanone (iloperidone, HP 873), was further evaluated in a battery of in vivo and in vitro assays. This compound showed a 300-fold greater potency in inhibition of climbing than in inhibition of stereotypy or induction of catalepsy, and when evaluated chronically in an electrophysiological model, 45 caused a depolarization blockade of dopamine neurons in the A10 area of the rat brain but not in the A9 area. Additionally, it showed positive activity in a social interaction paradigm, suggesting potential efficacy against asociality, a component of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In chronic ex vivo studies, 45, similar to clozapine, caused a down regulation of 5-HT2 receptors but had no effect on the number of D2 receptors. Compound 45 is currently undergoing clinical evaluation.
Effects ofN-methacryloyl-?-amino acid primer pretreatment on the bond strength of the resin to acid-etched dentin (1997)

To ascertain the adhesion mechanism of resins to etched dentin treated with hydrophilic primers such as N-methacryloyl-omega-amino acids (NM omega A), the effect of the application of NM omega A primers on the bond strength of the resin and also the characteristics of the "hybrid layer" were investigated. Here, the concept of "hybrid layer" has been proposed previously by Nakabayashi et al. When the demineralized dentin was treated with the NM omega A solution, the bond strength increased remarkably, thus indicating the formation of a hybrid layer. It can be construed that NM omega A primers allowed for diffusion of the bonding agent to the dentinal collageous layer that was exposed by acid etching, and thereby the creation of a hybrid layer. To obtain an understanding of how NM omega A primers improved bond strength at the interface between the resin and dentinal collagen, the 13C-NMR spectra of NM alpha A were observed in the absence and presence of demineralized dentin. The 13C peak intensities of all of the carbons of the NM alpha A species were dramatically reduced in the presence of the dentin. Specifically, the reduction of the carbon peak intensity of carboxylic acid in the NM alpha A species was reduced by 30%. This indicated that the unionized carboxylic acid in the NM alpha A primer interacted with the dentinal collagen. Thus, the composite resin can be considered to adhere to the dentinal collagen through the unionized NM alpha A that interacts with the dentinal collagen.
Intelligent multipoint Arnoldi (IMA) approximations of FIR filters by low-order linear-phase IIR filters (2003)

A new Krylov subspace projection method, called intelligent multipoint Arnoldi (IMA) method, to approximate FIR filters by low-order linear-phase IIR filters is developed. Based on special realizations of FIR filters, iterative nature of Arnoldi algorithm, and expansion points selection scheme, the proposed method is very efficient in terms of computational complexity. In addition, the lower-order IIR filter can truly reflect dynamical features of the FIR filter and indeed satisfies original design specifications. Fundamental developments of the proposed IMA algorithm will be discussed in details. Numerical examples will demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Optical trapping, manipulation, and sorting of cells and colloids in microfluidic systems with diode laser bars (2005)

We demonstrate a new technique for trapping, sorting, and manipulating cells and micrometer-sized particles within microfluidic systems, using a diode laser bar.
Comparison of two filtered cathodic arc sources (1992)

Cathodic arcs produce a highly ionized metal vapor which has proven useful in the production of dense, adherent coatings. For many applications, the macroparticles normally produced by the cathodic arc are unacceptable and must be filtered out. We have developed two filtered cathodic arc sources which have distinctly different operational characteristics. One of these makes use of so-called ‘‘steered arc’’ magnetic control of the arc trajectory, while the other employs a different form of arc control. The ion transmission efficiencies of these sources were improved by carrying a portion of the arc electron current through the filter.