gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent labeling of CRISPR/Cas9 RNP for gene knockout in HSPCs and iPSCs reveals an essential role for GADD45b in stress response (2019)

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of stem cells and primary cell types has several limitations for clinical applications. The direct delivery of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes consisting of Cas9 nuclease and guide RNA (gRNA) has improved DNA- and virus-free gene modifications, but it does not enable the essential enrichment of the gene-edited cells. Here, we established a protocol for the fluorescent labeling and delivery of CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA RNP in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). As a proof of principle for genes with low-abundance transcripts and context-dependent inducible expression, we successfully deleted growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible β (<i>GADD45B</i>). We found that GADD45B is indispensable for DNA damage protection and survival in stem cells. Thus, we describe an easy and efficient protocol of DNA-free gene editing of hard-to-target transcripts and enrichment of gene-modified cells that are generally difficult to transfect.
Stored Media Streaming in BitTorrent-like P2P Networks (2008)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks exist on the Internet today as a popular means of data distribution. However, conventional uses of P2P networking involve distributing stored files for use after the entire file has been downloaded. In this work, we investigate whether P2P networking can be used to provide real-time playback capabilities for stored media. For real-time playback, users should be able to start playback immediately, or almost immediately, after requesting the media and have uninterrupted playback during the download. To achieve this goal, it is critical to efficiently schedule the order in which pieces of the desired media are downloaded. Simply downloading pieces in sequential (earliest-first) order is prone to bottlenecks. Consequently we propose a hybrid of earliest-first and rarest-first scheduling - ensuring high piece diversity while at the same time prioritizing pieces needed to maintain uninterrupted playback. We consider an approach to peer-assisted streaming that is based on BitTorrent. In particular, we show that dynamic adjustment of the probabilities of earliest-first and rarest-first strategies along with utilization of coding techniques promoting higher data diversity, can offer noticeable improvements for real-time playback.
Subsidy Dependence and Financial Sustainability in Development Banks: The Case of the Fiji Development Bank (2005)

The importance of financial systems in development has been widely established. The issue of subsidisation in development banking has come under public scrutiny. In the Pacific, development banks have continued to face dual pressures to perform their developmental role, as well as achieve financial sustainability. By using and applying three measurement methods - the Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI), the Net Present Cost to Society (NPCs), and the Subsidy Dependence Ratio (SDR) - to the Fiji Development Bank, this study concludes that while the level of subsidy dependence has increased, it has no demonstrative linkages to key performance indicators, and that moves to eliminate subsidy dependence would prove counter productive to policy efforts aimed at developing the traditionally weaker but critical sectors and segments of society. Given that subsidisation will remain to be an important component of good public policy, it is argued that development banks will remain to be legitimate institutions in channeling and monitoring subsidies, provided they continue to demonstrate institutional and financial efficiency.
Effects of TGF- 2 in Perfused Human Eyes (2003)

TGF-beta2 reduces outflow facility when perfused into cultured human anterior segments. Furthermore, TGF-beta2 affects the extracellular matrix of the trabecular meshwork in a manner that is consistent with the observed reduction in outflow facility. Although the distribution of accumulated fibrillar material was different in these perfused eyes than that in POAG, the difference could be due to variation in biomechanical environment for TM cells in cultured anterior segments compared with the living eye. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that elevated TGF-beta2 levels in the aqueous humor play a role in the pathogenesis of the ocular hypertension in POAG.
Reducing interprocess communication overhead through register windows (2002)

Inter-process communication (IPC) by message passing is a common paradigm of many operating system architectures. IPC performance is a critical part of overall system performance. Unfortunately, most architectures exhibit extremely high overhead for short communication. We present a combination of hardware and software primitives that effectively eliminate overhead in short message transfers. CPU registers act as a natural interface between task address spaces, making IPC more efficient and easier to implement than existing software solutions. Our performance study shows that using dynamically relocatable register windows can improve overall system performance by more than fifty percent over typical modern system architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic text summarization with statistical and linguistic features using successive thresholds (2014)

Text summarization is an emerging technique for finding out the summary of the text document. Text summarization is nothing but summarizing the content of given text document. Text summarization has got so uses such as Due to the massive amount of information getting increased on internet; it is difficult for the user to go through all the information available on web. Summarization techniques need to be used to reduce the user's time in reading the whole information available on web. In this paper, we propose an automatic text summarization technique using both linguistic and statistical features using successive threshold for finding the summary i.e important sentences from the given input text document. Here the sentences are selected for summary based on the weight of the sentence. The weight of the sentences is calculated based on the statistical and linguistic features. Our approach assigns scores to the sentences by weighting the features like term frequency, word occurrences, and noun weight, phrases etc. In our approach, the number of sentences present in our summary would be equal to the number of paragraphs present in a text document, which can be achieved by using our successive threshold approach.
Project for production of closed-caption TV programs for the hearing impaired (1998)

We describe an on-going project whose primary aim is to establish the technology of producing closed captions for TV news programs efficiently using natural language processing and speech recognition techniques for the benefit of the hearing impaired in Japan. The project is supported by the Telecommunications Advancement Organisation of Japan with the help of the ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.We propose natural language and speech processing techniques should be used for efficient closed caption production of TV programs. They enable us to summarise TV news texts into captions automatically, and synchronise TV news texts with speech and video automatically. Then the captions are superimposed on the screen.We propose a combination of shallow methods for the summarisation. For all the sentences in the original text, an importance measure is computed based on key words in the text to determine which sentences are important. If some parts of the sentences are judged unimportant, they are shortened or deleted. We also propose keyword pair model for the synchronisation between text and speech.
From rapid prototyping to home fabrication: How 3D printing is changing business model innovation (2015)

There is a growing consensus that 3D printing technologies will be one of the next major technological revolutions. While a lot of work has already been carried out as to what these technologies will bring in terms of product and process innovation, little has been done on their impact on business models and business model innovation. Yet, history has shown that technological revolution without adequate business model evolution is a pitfall for many businesses. In the case of 3D printing, the matter is further complicated by the fact that adoption of these technologies has occurred in four successive phases (rapid prototyping, rapid tooling, digital manufacturing, home fabrication) that correspond to a different level of involvement of 3D printing in the production process. This article investigates the effect of each phase on the key business model components. While the impact of rapid prototyping and rapid tooling is found to be limited in extent, direct manufacturing and, even more so, home fabrication have the potential to be highly disruptive. While much more value can be created, capturing value can become extremely challenging. Hence, finding a suitable business model is critical. To this respect, this article shows that 3D printing technologies have the potential to change the way business model innovation is carried out, by enabling adaptive business models and by bringing the ‘rapid prototyping’ paradigm to business model innovation itself.
Defining NELF-E RNA Binding in HIV-1 and Promoter-Proximal Pause Regions (2014)

The four-subunit Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) is a major regulator of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) pausing. The subunit NELF-E contains a conserved RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) and is proposed to facilitate Poll II pausing through its association with nascent transcribed RNA. However, conflicting ideas have emerged for the function of its RNA binding activity. Here, we use in vitro selection strategies and quantitative biochemistry to identify and characterize the consensus NELF-E binding element (NBE) that is required for sequence specific RNA recognition (NBE: CUGAGGA(U) for Drosophila). An NBE-like element is present within the loop region of the transactivation-response element (TAR) of HIV-1 RNA, a known regulatory target of human NELF-E. The NBE is required for high affinity binding, as opposed to the lower stem of TAR, as previously claimed. We also identify a non-conserved region within the RRM that contributes to the RNA recognition of Drosophila NELF-E. To understand the broader functional relevance of NBEs, we analyzed promoter-proximal regions genome-wide in Drosophila and show that the NBE is enriched +20 to +30 nucleotides downstream of the transcription start site. Consistent with the role of NELF in pausing, we observe a significant increase in NBEs among paused genes compared to non-paused genes. In addition to these observations, SELEX with nuclear run-on RNA enrich for NBE-like sequences. Together, these results describe the RNA binding behavior of NELF-E and supports a biological role for NELF-E in promoter-proximal pausing of both HIV-1 and cellular genes.
Hardware in the Loop Laboratory Simulation to Test a Distributed Avionic System (2006)

After some years of development, a new fuel management distributed system has been proposed by a European Research Project. The system is based on new smart components connected via a fieldbus. All components have the same microcontroller with the same control code. The smart components are valves, pumps, and sensors. A laboratory physical simulator has been implemented, to support the development of the control code. The simulator includes scaled tanks and pipes, and smart components. Fuel management functions can be reproduced, and the fieldbus behavior can be monitored. In parallel, a computer simulation has been developed, using two interconnected computers. One of the computers simulates the physical plant: fuel, tanks, valves, pumps, etc. The other computer simulates in realtime the microcontroller network. Both computers are connected via analog signals, the same signals as in the laboratory physical simulator. Now computers and physical simulator can be mixed, by switching the origin of signals, form computer or from physical plant. In this way, malfunctions and problems can be studied with non destructive tests. The paper describes the research context, and focus on the development and functionality of the hardware in the loop simulation.
Mitigation of Fatigue and Pre-Cracking Damage in Aircraft Structures Through Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB) (2007)

A test program was set up by AFRL-VASM to study the effect of low plasticity burnishing (LPB) to mitigate fatigue debit due to pre-cracking damage in two feature specimens made of AA2024-T851 and designed to simulate features of aircraft structures. The LPB solution consisted of (a) designing the compressive residual stress field using Lambda’s Fatigue Design Diagram (FDD) method, (b) introducing the compression via LPB tools and fixtures into the parts, (c) verifying the achieved residual stress distribution by measurements, and (d) validating the predictions through fatigue tests conducted by AFRL-VASM group.
Research of Face Detection System Based on Mobile Phone Platform (2012)

With the development of the communication and image processing technology,mobile phones are not only the portable communicating tools but also can be used to practice photography.Aiming at poor performance of non-smart phones photographs and the disadvantages of image processing functions,the extended Haar-Like feature is researched.A face detection system based on Adaboost face detector algorithm is implemented on smartphone OS with the use of OpenCV which is Intel's open source image processing software.Some processes,such as sample building,image preprocessing,feature extraction,constructing cascade classifier and target detection,are described.Experimental results prove that the system with short response time and high correct detection rate has a certain practicality.
Genetic Engineering of Drought Resistant Potato Plants by Co-Introduction of Genes Encoding Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase and Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (2004)

Trehalose has been known in many organisms as an energy source and a protectant against several environmental stresses such as freezing, osmotic pressure, heat and desiccation. Trehalose synthesis is mediated by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) enzyme complex in yeast. In this study, TPS1 and TPS2 genes of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was engineered under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter along with 2A self-cleavage sequence for constitutive expression in transgenic potato plants by Ti-plasmid of Agrobacterium transformation. The resulting construct, ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1, appeared to be transcribed as a single transcript. On the contrary to the previous result that TPS1 transgenic plant showed some morphological alteration, transgenic ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1 potato plant showed no phenotype alteration both in test tube and soil mixture. Most importantly, the transgenic ZrTPS2-2A-ZrTPS1 potato plant showed very strong drought tolerancy. We showed the multigene expression system using FMDV 2A sequence could be very useful for two or more gene expression under the control of one promoter and at the same expression level.
Cholinergic Signaling via Muscarinic Receptors Directly and Indirectly Suppresses Pancreatic Tumorigenesis and Cancer Stemness (2018)

In many solid tumors, parasympathetic input is provided by the vagus nerve, which has been shown to modulate tumor growth. However, whether cholinergic signaling directly regulates progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been defined. Here, we found that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in LSL-<i>Kras</i> <sup>+/G12D</sup>;<i>Pdx1</i>-Cre (KC) mice accelerated PDAC development, whereas treatment with the systemic muscarinic agonist bethanechol restored the normal KC phenotype, thereby suppressing the accelerated tumorigenesis caused by vagotomy. In LSL-<i>Kras</i> <sup>+/G12D</sup>;LSL-<i>Trp53</i> <sup>+/R172H</sup>;<i>Pdx1</i>-Cre mice with established PDAC, bethanechol significantly extended survival. These effects were mediated in part through CHRM1, which inhibited downstream MAPK/EGFR and PI3K/AKT pathways in PDAC cells. Enhanced cholinergic signaling led to a suppression of the cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment, CD11b<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells, TNFα levels, and metastatic growth in the liver. Therefore, these data suggest that cholinergic signaling directly and indirectly suppresses growth of PDAC cells, and therapies that stimulate muscarinic receptors may be useful in the treatment of PDAC.<b>Significance:</b> Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or <i>Chrm1</i> knockout accelerates pancreatic tumorigenesis, in part via expansion of the CSC compartment. Systemic administration of a muscarinic agonist suppresses tumorigenesis through MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling, in early stages of tumor growth and in more advanced, metastatic disease. Therefore, CHRM1 may represent a potentially attractive therapeutic target. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(11); 1458-73. ©2018 AACR.</i> <i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1333</i>.
Discovery of a receptor related to the galanin receptors (1999)

We report the isolation of a cDNA clone named GPR54, which encodes a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). A PCR search of rat brain cDNA retrieved a clone partially encoding a GPCR. In a library screening this clone was used to isolate a cDNA with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a receptor of 396 amino acids long which shared significant identities in the transmembrane regions with rat galanin receptors GalR1 (45%), GalR3 (45%) and GalR2 (44%). Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that GPR54 is expressed in brain regions (pons, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, frontal cortex, and striatum) as well as peripheral regions (liver and intestine). In COS cell expression of GPR54 no specific binding was observed for 125I-galanin. A recent BLAST search with the rat GPR54 ORF nucleotide sequence recovered the human orthologue of GPR54 in a 3.5 Mb contig localized to chromosome 19p13.3.
Tunneling-Magnetoresistance Ratio Comparison of MgO-Based Perpendicular-Magnetic-Tunneling-Junction Spin Valve Between Top and Bottom Co2Fe6B2 Free Layer Structure (2016)

For the perpendicular-magnetic-tunneling-junction (p-MTJ) spin valve with a nanoscale-thick bottom Co2Fe6B2 free layer ex situ annealed at 400 °C, which has been used as a common p-MTJ structure, the Pt atoms of the Pt buffer layer diffused into the MgO tunneling barrier. This transformed the MgO tunneling barrier from a body-centered cubic (b.c.c) crystallized layer into a mixture of b.c.c, face-centered cubic, and amorphous layers and rapidly decreased the tunneling-magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio. The p-MTJ spin valve with a nanoscale-thick top Co2Fe6B2 free layer could prevent the Pt atoms diffusing into the MgO tunneling barrier during ex situ annealing at 400 °C because of non-necessity of a Pt buffer layer, demonstrating the TMR ratio of ~143 %.
Thrombin use in surgery: an evidence-based review of its clinical use (2010)

When surgical ligation of bleeding fails, or is not possible, surgeons rely on a number of hemostatic aids, including thrombin. This review discusses the history, pharmacology and clinical application of thrombin as a surgical hemostat. The initial thrombin was bovine in origin, but its use has been complicated by the formation of antibodies that cross-react with human coagulation factors. This has been associated with life-threatening bleeding and in some circumstances anaphylaxis and death. Human thrombin, isolated from pooled plasma of donors, was developed in an effort to minimize these risks, but its downsides are its limited availability and the potential for transmitting blood-borne pathogens. Recently a recombinant thrombin has been developed, and approved for use by the FDA. It has the advantage of being minimally antigenic and devoid of the risk of viral transmission. Thrombin is often used in conjunction with other hemostatic aids, including absorbable agents such as Gelfoam, and with fibrinogen in fibrin glues. The last part of this review will discuss these agents in detail, and review their clinical applications.
A New Quantification Method Using Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Mass spectrometry-based quantification method has advanced rapidly. In general, the methods for accurate quantification rely on the use of authentic target compounds or isotope-labeled compounds as standards, which might be not available or difficult to synthesize. To tackle this grand challenge, this paper presents a novel approach, based on electrochemistry (EC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS). In this approach, a target compound is allowed to undergo electrochemical oxidation and then subject to MS analysis. The oxidation current recorded from electrochemistry (EC) measurement provides information about the amount of the oxidized analyte, based on the Faraday’s Law. On the other hand, the oxidation reaction yield can be determined from the analyte MS signal changes upon electrolysis. Therefore, the total amount of analyte can be determined. In combination with liquid chromatography (LC), the method can be applicable to mixture analysis. The striking strength of such a method for quantitation is that neither standard compound nor calibration curve is required. Various analyte molecules such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and rutin as well as peptide glutathione in low quantity were successfully quantified using our method with the quantification error ranging from − 2.6 to + 4.6%. Analyte in a complicated matrix (e.g., uric acid in urine) was also accurately measured.
The neuropathic foot (1993)

The neuropathic foot is described with relation to cause, presentation, dysfunction and identification. The various mechanisms of neuropathic foot lesions are outlined--overload, diabetic gangrene, continuous pressure, direct injury and cutting and temperature effects. The orthotic treatment of the foot is discussed and in particular the importance of proper shoe provision and patient education and indoctrination emphasised. The use of plaster casts and fenestrations to control pressure distribution is described. Finally results of an intensive treatment programme are presented to identify the effect on outcome, as measured by delay in amputation.
Lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis of rat pancreatic acinar cells. (1996)

These data show that LPS causes release of pancreatic PLA2 into blood plasma, activation of PLA2 in pancreatic tissue, and apoptosis of acinar cells.
Rigid Phenyl‐Group Conformation in Complexes (1980)

The topic “conformation and catalysis” confers interest on the structure and behavior of the complex (dad)3FeI2. The rigid conformation of the aromatic groups is manifested in the NMR signals of H-6 at δ ≈ 6.1 and H-2 at δ ≈ 4.4 (!). (Three N-substituents have been omitted from the drawing.)