gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of seamless niobium cavities for accelerator applications (2003)

Superconducting niobium cavities for application in particle accelerators are usually fabricated by standard techniques such as forming of subcomponents by deep drawing and joining by electron beam welding. Even though these techniques are being used successfully in many larger-scale accelerator projects and improvements in accelerating gradients have been achieved over the last several years, there are often still problems with making defect-free electron beam welds. In addition, the manufacturing costs for such devices are significant and a drastic reduction in production costs is a necessary condition for future very large scale applications in, e.g., linear colliders. Seamless cavities made by spinning from a single sheet of material will dramatically reduce the fabrication costs and eliminate any problems associated with electron beam welding. The fabrication technique for seamless niobium cavities has been developed over the last few years at INFN LNL and several prototype single-cells of different material thickness and purity have been manufactured as well as a 5-cell cavity. Results from tests on these cavities after application of surface treatment techniques, such as buffered chemical polishing, "barrel polishing" and high temperature heat treatments, are discussed in this contribution. Q-values as high as 10/sup 11/ and accelerating gradients up to E/sub acc//spl ap/30 MV/m have been measured.
Quantum-interference effects for gamma radiation under crossing-anticrossing conditions for nuclear levels in an RF field (2006)

A new approach to observing the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency in gamma optics is proposed. The propagation of a resonant photon in a 57Fe magnetic medium in an applied rf field is considered for this purpose. It is shown that, under crossing-anticrossing conditions, a resonant rf field substantially changes the gamma-optical properties of the medium, which become dependent on the parameters of the field. This opens the possibility for exercising a coherent control of the photon group velocity and a controllable filtration of unpolarized gamma radiation in a sample.
Protein kinase C (PKC) activation via human leucocyte antigen class II molecules. A novel regulation of PKC activity. (1991)

Analysis of intracellular localization of protein kinase C (PKC) in a lymphoblastoid B cell line shows that anti-human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II antibodies induce an increase of cytosolic and membrane PKC activities. This phenomenon is both time- and dose-dependent. The maximal PKC activation was observed after exposure to 12.5 micrograms/ml antibody for 30 to 45 min. Unlike TPA, no translocation of the cytosolic PKC was observed at any time following exposure to the anti-HLA class II antibodies. We observed a good correlation between the [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding activity and the enzymatic activity of PKC. Using a panel of antibodies specific for the HLA class II isotypes (DP, DQ, DR), we demonstrated that PKC activation via HLA class II molecules is not restricted to one isotype. We also showed by Western blot analysis that the increased PKC activity correlates with a quantitative increase of PKC. The increase of PKC activity induced by anti-HLA class II antibodies was completely abolished by the treatment with actinomycin D, a transcriptional inhibitor, or cycloheximide, a translational inhibitor. Finally, Northern blot analysis revealed that anti-HLA class II antibodies induce an increase of the PKC alpha and PKC beta mRNAs levels which are significant after 20 min of stimulation and rose to a maximum after 60 min. In summary, our results show that increased PKC activity induced by HLA class II antibody is regulated at the transcriptional level.
An alternate control framework development for atkinson cycle engine using variable late intake valve (2017)

A new control framework for VCR Atkinson cycle VVT engine with an unconventional Late Intake Valve Closing (LIVC) strategy instead of the throttle, is developed to ascertain its better fuel economy in comparison with the conventional Otto cycle engine. In this context, the authors have already proposed a control-oriented Extended Mean Value Engine Model (EMVEM) of the Atkinson cycle engine with variable intake valve actuation. The proposed control strategy is developed on the same model evaluated for the standard Urban driving cycles at medium and higher operating conditions in the fuel economy perspective. It has the potential to deal better with the engine throttling effect and to enhance its thermal efficiency that will result in significant improvement in performance, fuel economy and emissions reduction. The controllability analysis of the EMVEM model in viewpoint of control design is carried out with respect to the alternative control input. The simulation results exhibit the better thermal efficiency and reduction in the engine part load losses. Consequently, significant enhancement in the fuel economy of the Atkinson cycle VVT engine with the proposed control input is achieved over Otto cycle engine.
Laboratory experiment of OFDM transmission using VLP and pre-FFT equalizer over ISI channels (2005)

A system using variable-length pilot symbols and a pre-FFT equalizer to overcome intersymbol interference (ISI) in OFDM transmission has been laboratory tested using a newly developed software-defined radio based test bed that is controlled using multiple CPUs. The results demonstrate that the system can provide a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -4/ for a fast multipath fading channel that has a moving velocity of more than 200 km/h with a delay spread of 1.9 /spl mu/s in the 5 GHz band. The proposed system is thus effective and feasible for fourth-generation mobile communication systems.
Rosiglitazone attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling (2006)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are insulin-sensitizing agents that also decrease systemic blood pressure, attenuate the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, and block remodeling of injured arterial walls. Recently, TZDs were shown to prevent pulmonary arterial (PA) remodeling in rats treated with monocrotaline. Presently we report studies testing the ability of the TZD rosiglitazone (ROSI) to attenuate pathological arterial remodeling in the lung and prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats subjected to chronic hypoxia. PA remodeling was reduced in ROSI-treated animals exposed to hypoxia compared with animals exposed to hypoxia alone. ROSI treatment blocked muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles and reversed remodeling and neomuscularization in lungs of animals previously exposed to chronic hypoxia. Decreased PA remodeling in ROSI-treated animals was associated with decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation, decreased collagen and elastin deposition, and increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in the PA wall. Cells expressing the c-Kit cell surface marker were observed in the PA adventitia of untreated animals exposed to hypoxia but not in ROSI-treated hypoxic rats. Right ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were also blunted in ROSI-treated hypoxic animals. Interestingly, mean PA pressures were elevated equally in the untreated and ROSI-treated groups, indicating that ROSI had no effect on the development of PH. However, mean PA pressure was normalized acutely in both groups of hypoxia-exposed animals by Fasudil, an agent that inhibits RhoA/Rho kinase-mediated vasoconstriction. We conclude that ROSI can attenuate and reverse PA remodeling and neomuscularization associated with hypoxic PH. However, this agent fails to block the development of PH, apparently because of its inability to repress sustained Rho kinase-mediated arterial vasoconstriction.
Silicon dry oxidation kinetics at low temperature in the nanometric range: Modeling and experiment (2007)

Kinetics of silicon dry oxidation is investigated theoretically and experimentally at low temperature in the nanometer range where the limits of the Deal and Grove model become critical. Based on a fine control of the oxidation process conditions, experiments allow the investigation of the growth kinetics of nanometric oxide layer. The theoretical model is formulated using a reaction rate approach. In this framework, the oxide thickness is estimated with the evolution of the various species during the reaction. Standard oxidation models and the reaction rate approach are confronted with these experiments. The interest of the reaction rate approach to improve silicon oxidation modeling in the nanometer range is clearly demonstrated.
Neuron–Glial Interactions in the Developing Cerebellum (2012)

Advances in microscopy allow one to probe the structure of neurons and their interactions with astrocytes in brain slices and in vivo at ever increasing resolution. Moreover, the dynamic interactions between the cells can be examined in live preparation. In this paper we discuss how a variety of imaging approaches: confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and multiphoton time-lapse microscopy are employed to probe neuron glia interactions in the developing cerebellum.
Near‐field Raman spectroscopy using a sharp metal tip (2003)

Near-field Raman spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of 20 nm is demonstrated by raster scanning a sharp metal tip over the sample surface. The method is used to image vibrational modes of single-walled carbon nanotubes. By combining optical and topographical signals rendered by the single-walled carbon nanotubes, we can separate near-field and far-field contributions and quantify the observed Raman enhancement factors.
Lung inflammation promotes metastasis through neutrophil protease-mediated degradation of Tsp-1 (2015)

Inflammation is inextricably associated with primary tumor progression. However, the contribution of inflammation to tumor outgrowth in metastatic organs has remained underexplored. Here, we show that extrinsic inflammation in the lungs leads to the recruitment of bone marrow-derived neutrophils, which degranulate azurophilic granules to release the Ser proteases, elastase and cathepsin G, resulting in the proteolytic destruction of the antitumorigenic factor thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1). Genetic ablation of these neutrophil proteases protected Tsp-1 from degradation and suppressed lung metastasis. These results provide mechanistic insights into the contribution of inflammatory neutrophils to metastasis and highlight the unique neutrophil protease-Tsp-1 axis as a potential antimetastatic therapeutic target.
The impact of increased awareness while face-to-face (2007)

This article presents Second Messenger, a system of dynamic awareness displays that reveal speaker participation patterns in a face-to-face discussion. The system has been used by a variety of groups during face-to-face meetings, increasing individuals' awareness of their own and others' participation in discussions. Experimental results indicate that these displays influence the amount an individual participates in a discussion and the process of information sharing used during a decision-making task. These findings suggest that awareness applications bring about systematic changes in group communication styles, highlighting the potential for such applications to be designed to improve group interactions.
Dendritic spine actin dynamics in neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity (2016)

The majority of the postsynaptic terminals of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system exist on small bulbous structures on dendrites known as dendritic spines. The actin cytoskeleton is a structural element underlying the proper development and morphology of dendritic spines. Synaptic activity patterns rapidly change actin dynamics, leading to morphological changes in dendritic spines. In this mini-review, we will discuss recent findings on neuronal maturation and synaptic plasticity-induced changes in the dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton. We propose that actin dynamics in dendritic spines decrease through actin filament crosslinking during neuronal maturation. In long-term potentiation, we evaluate the model of fast breakdown of actin filaments through severing and rebuilding through polymerization and later stabilization through crosslinking. We will discuss the role of Ca(2+) in long-term depression, and suggest that actin filaments are dissolved through actin filament severing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood cell counting and classification by nonflowing laser light scattering method (2004)

We present a nonflowing laser light scattering method for automatically counting and classifying blood cells. A linear charge-coupled device (CCD) and a silicon photoelectric cell (which is placed behind a pinhole plate on the CCD) form a double-detector structure: the CCD is used to detect the scattered light intensity distribution of the blood cells and the silicon photoelectric cell to complete the focusing process. An isotropic sphere, with relative refractivity near 1, is used to model the blood cell. Mie theory is used to describe the scattering of white blood cells and platelets, and anomalous diffraction, red blood cells. To obtain the size distribution of blood cells from their scattered light intensity distribution, the nonnegative constraint least-squares (NNLS) method combined with the Powell method and the precision punishment method are used. Both numerical simulation and experimental results are presented. This method can be used not only to measure the mean and the distribution of red blood cell size, but also to divide the white blood cells into three classes: lymphocytes, middle-sized cells, and neutrocytes. The experimental results show a linear relationship between the blood cell (both white and red blood cells) concentration and the scattered light intensity, and therefore, the number of blood cells in a unit volume can be determined from this relationship.
Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma Demonstrating Multiple Ground-Glass Nodules on CT Images (2014)

[b]Background[/b] Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is considered to be a low-grade extranodal B-cell primary lymphoma and is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma. In general, computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate diseases of the lung parenchyma. The most common findings of MALT lymphoma are a mass or mass-like consolidation. We herein report a case of pulmonary MALT lymphoma demonstrating multiple ground-glass nodules (GGN) on CT. [b]Case Report[/b] Sixty-six years-old female patient was found to have multiple pure ground-glass nodules in both lungs on a CT scan performed during a routine health checkup in April 2012. She had been healthy with no symptoms, had an unremarkable medical and family history and was a non-smoker. There was not enough evidence for a diagnosis of malignancy. Therefore, regular follow-up with planned CT imaging was performed. A regular follow-up CT image showed a gradual increase of the density in the GGN of right lower lobe over a period of two years. Therefore, a biopsy of the right lower lobe of the lung was performed. The final results of the pathological examination showed MALT lymphoma. The patient is currently being followed closely without chemotherapy. [b]Conclusions[/b] This case suggests that, although rare, the possibility of MALT lymphoma should be considered in patients presenting with multiple GGN on CT images. Physicians and medical staff should be aware about these findings.
Immune and virological benefits of 10 years of permanent viral control with antiretroviral therapy (2010)

The effects of a 10-year control of HIV replication without viral blips with antiretroviral therapy were examined in progressors. CD4 cell counts did not plateau but showed a continuous increase until the 10th year. Ultrasensitive techniques showed very low plasma HIV RNA and cell-associated DNA levels. Robust memory T cell responses to HIV-p24 were higher than in 3-year treated patients and comparable to those of Elite controllers, whereas interferon-gamma-producing HIV-specific T cells were infrequent. Long-term and efficient antiretroviral therapy provides continuous benefits both on the immune system and on the HIV reservoirs.
Methylene blue counteracts H<sub>2</sub>S toxicity-induced cardiac depression by restoring L-type Ca channel activity (2016)

We have previously reported that methylene blue (MB) can counteract hydrogen sulfide (H2S) intoxication-induced circulatory failure. Because of the multifarious effects of high concentrations of H2S on cardiac function, as well as the numerous properties of MB, the nature of this interaction, if any, remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to clarify 1) the effects of MB on H2S-induced cardiac toxicity and 2) whether L-type Ca(2+) channels, one of the targets of H2S, could transduce some of the counteracting effects of MB. In sedated rats, H2S infused at a rate that would be lethal within 5 min (24 μM·kg(-1)·min(-1)), produced a rapid fall in left ventricle ejection fraction, determined by echocardiography, leading to a pulseless electrical activity. Blood concentrations of gaseous H2S reached 7.09 ± 3.53 μM when cardiac contractility started to decrease. Two to three injections of MB (4 mg/kg) transiently restored cardiac contractility, blood pressure, and V̇o2, allowing the animals to stay alive until the end of H2S infusion. MB also delayed PEA by several minutes following H2S-induced coma and shock in unsedated rats. Applying a solution containing lethal levels of H2S (100 μM) on isolated mouse cardiomyocytes significantly reduced cell contractility, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) transient amplitudes, and L-type Ca(2+) currents (ICa) within 3 min of exposure. MB (20 mg/l) restored the cardiomyocyte function, ([Ca(2+)]i) transient, and ICa The present results offer a new approach for counteracting H2S toxicity and potentially other conditions associated with acute inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
Unexpected Formation of a Disulfide from 2-Mercaptopyridine and Co(II) (2011)

The reaction between the Co(II) ion and 2-mercaptopyridine in the presence of base yields a disulfide Co(II) complex, namely [CoCl2(2,2¢-dipyridyldisulfide)] 1. The structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The Co(II) ion coordinates to two chlorine atoms and two nitrogen atoms in a tetrahedral fashion. This result provides insight into the formation of 2,2¢-dipyridyldisulfide from 2-mercaptopyridine.
Hexadecylphosphocholine inhibits phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C in human leukemia cells. (1996)

Hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) is the main representative of a new group of antineoplastic agents, the alkylphosphocholines. Besides remarkable antiproliferative properties on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, HePC also induces differentiation and inhibits invasive growth of neoplastic cells. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which HePC mediates its biological effects is poor. The observation that analogous substances, the alkyllysophospholipids, may interfere with lipid dependent intracellular signaling suggested similar mechanisms for HePC. We therefore investigated the effects of HePC on phospholipase C (PLC) activation in intact human leukemia cell lines. HePC inhibited fMLP induced phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC activation in HL60 cells and TNF-alpha induced activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific PLC in U937 cells. HePC reduced the number of TNF-alpha receptors on the surface of U937 cells by about 60%. Receptors for fMLP were not affected. Inhibition of TNF-alpha induced PC-PLC activation, however, seemed to be regulated at a post-receptor level as PLC inhibition and receptor occupancy did not correlate.
Extracting Dependence Relations from Unstructured Medical Text (2015)

Dependence relations among disease and risk factors are a key ingredient in risk modeling and decision support models. Currently such information is either provided by experts (costly and time consuming) or extracted from data (if available). The published medical literature represents a promising source of such knowledge; however its manual processing is practically infeasible. While a number of solutions have been introduced to add structure to biomedical literature, none adequately recover dependence relations. The objective of our research is to build such an automatic dependence extraction solution, based on a sequence of natural language processing steps, which take as input a set of MEDLINE abstracts and provide as output a list of structured dependence statements. This paper presents a hybrid pipeline approach, a combination of rule-based and machine learning algorithms. We found that this approach outperforms a strictly rule-based approach.
Serotonin Receptors in Neurobiology (2007)

Quantitative Imaging of Serotonin Autofluorescence with Multiphoton Microscopy, S.K. Kaushalya and S. Maiti Monitoring Receptor-Mediated Changes of Intracellular cAMP Level by Using Ion Channels and Fluorescent Proteins as Biosensors, E.G. Ponimaskin, M. Heine, A. Zeug, T. Voyno-Yasenetskaya, and P.S. Salonikidis Membrane Organization and Dynamics of the Serotonin1A Receptor Monitored Using Fluorescence Microscopic Approaches, S. Kalipatnapu, T.J. Pucadyil, and A. Chattopadhyay Calmodulin Is a 5-HT Receptor-Interacting and Regulatory Protein, J.N. Turner, S.D. Coaxum, A.K. Gelasco, M.N. Garnovskaya, and J.R. Raymond Identification of Novel Transcriptional Regulators in the Nervous System, F. Remes-Lenicov, K.X. Jacobsen, A. Rogaeva, M. Czesak, M. Hadjighasem, M. Daigle, and P.R. Albert Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) Receptor Function: Ligand-Dependent Mechanisms and Pathways, I. Raote, A. Bhattacharya, and M. M. Panicker The 5-HT1A Receptor: A Signaling Hub Linked to Emotional Balance, P. Banerjee, M. Mehta, and B. Kanjilal Do Limits of Neuronal Plasticity Represent an Opportunity for Mental Diseases, Such as Addiction to Food and Illegal Drugs? Use and Utilities of Serotonin Receptor Knock-Out Mice, V. Compan Use of Mice with Targeted Genetic Inactivation in the Serotonergic System for the Study of Anxiety, M. Toth Index
Fully automated facial symmetry axis detection in frontal color images (2005)

In this paper, we consider the problem of automatically detecting a facial symmetry axis in what we will call a standard human face image (acquired when the subject is looking directly into the camera, in front of a clean gray background under controlled illumination). Images of this kind are encountered in face recognition scenarios; this detection should facilitate more sophisticated facial image processing. The proposed method is based on GLDH (gray level difference histogram) analysis and consists of three components: (1) the face region detection stage crops an approximate face region out of the background, (2) symmetry detection discovers a vertical axis to optimally bisect the region of interest, assuming it is bilaterally symmetric, and (3) orientation adjustment aligns the angle of the symmetry axis with the orientation of the face. An implementation of the method is described, and results are presented. This detector's robust performance is evidenced by its success finding symmetry axes in more than 7,500 images collected from 600 distinct subjects. One of our method's most noteworthy contributions is that, according to our experimental results, many of the automatically detected axes are more accurate than the reference axes. Our automated detector is a powerful tool because it is not as susceptible to human error as its manual counterpart and, as the first application of its kind, it could potentially serve as a new biometric.