gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM‐1)/CD31 modulates β<sub>2</sub> integrins on lymphokine‐activated killer cells (1993)

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are able to colonize sites of tumor lesions in mouse and man. The molecular mechanisms of homing in on tumors are largely unknown. However, before LAK cells can reach the tumor, they must adhere to the vascular endothelial within the lesion and then extravasate. We developed a novel mAb, EA-3, which recognizes the murine homologue of the human adhesion molecule CD31. It is present on a subpopulation of murine LAK cells and all endothelial cells. CD31 was also involved in the adhesion of LAK cells to endothelium. Since CD31 can initiate integrin activation by inside-out signaling after binding to its ligand, EA-3 was used to minimic this in adhesion assays. It induces modifications in the beta 2 integrin LFA-1, leading to increased binding capacities of the cells to endothelium. In contrast, beta 1 integrins and RGD-binding integrins were not affected. These results suggest that expression of CD31 might confer adhesive advantages for LAK cells prone to tumor infiltration.
Combining Non Selective Gas Sensors on a Mobile Robot for Identification and Mapping of Multiple Chemical Compounds (2014)

In this paper, we address the task of gas distribution modeling in scenarios where multiple heterogeneous compounds are present. Gas distribution modeling is particularly useful in emission monitoring applications where spatial representations of the gaseous patches can be used to identify emission hot spots. In realistic environments, the presence of multiple chemicals is expected and therefore, gas discrimination has to be incorporated in the modeling process. The approach presented in this work addresses the task of gas distribution modeling by combining different non selective gas sensors. Gas discrimination is addressed with an open sampling system, composed by an array of metal oxide sensors and a probabilistic algorithm tailored to uncontrolled environments. For each of the identified compounds, the mapping algorithm generates a calibrated gas distribution model using the classification uncertainty and the concentration readings acquired with a photo ionization detector. The meta parameters of the proposed modeling algorithm are automatically learned from the data. The approach was validated with a gas sensitive robot patrolling outdoor and indoor scenarios, where two different chemicals were released simultaneously. The experimental results show that the generated multi compound maps can be used to accurately predict the location of emitting gas sources.
Simultaneous global pressure and temperature measurement technique for hypersonic wind tunnels (2000)

High-temperature luminescent coatings are being developed and applied for simultaneous pressure and temperature mapping in conventional-type hypersonic wind tunnels, providing global pressure as well as Global aeroheating measurements. Together, with advanced model fabrication and analysis methods, these techniques will provide a more rapid and complete experimental aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic database for future aerospace vehicles. The current status in development of simultaneous pressure- and temperature-sensitive coatings and measurement techniques for hypersonic wind tunnels at Langley Research Center is described. and initial results from a feasibility study in the Langley 31-Inch Mach 10 Tunnel are presented.
Wolbachia, doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones: New prospects in the treatment of canine heartworm disease (2018)

Melarsomine dihydrochloride (Immiticide®, Merial) is the only approved adulticidal drug for the treatment of canine heartworm disease (HWD). However, in cases where arsenical therapy is not possible or is contraindicated, a monthly heartworm preventive along with doxycycline for a 4-week period, which targets the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia, might be considered. There are published reports on the efficacy of ivermectin and doxycycline in both experimentally and naturally infected dogs, but no data on the use of other macrocyclic lactones (MLs) with a similar treatment regime. Preliminary results of studies in dogs show that a topical formulation of moxidectin, the only ML currently registered as a microfilaricide, is also adulticidal when combined with doxycycline. It is not yet known if the efficacy of these combination therapies is due to pharmacokinetic synergism. A recent study showed that serum levels of doxycycline in dogs treated with the combination protocol were not statistically different compared to dogs treated with doxycycline alone. However, lungs from dogs treated with the combination therapy showed a marked reduction in T regulatory cells, indicating that treatment efficacy may be due to a heightened immune response against the parasite. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of combination protocols and to establish the most efficient treatment for HWD in dogs.
A decision support system for supplier selection and order allocation in stochastic, multi-stakeholder and multi-criteria environments (2014)

Integrated supplier selection and order allocation is an important decision for both designing and operating supply chains. This decision is often influenced by the concerned stakeholders, suppliers, plant operators and customers in different tiers. As firms continue to seek competitive advantage through supply chain design and operations they aim to create optimized supply chains. This calls for on one hand consideration of multiple conflicting criteria and on the other hand consideration of uncertainties of demand and supply. Although there are studies on supplier selection using advanced mathematical models to cover a stochastic approach, multiple criteria decision making techniques and multiple stakeholder requirements separately, according to authors׳ knowledge there is no work that integrates these three aspects in a common framework. This paper proposes an integrated method for dealing with such problems using a combined Analytic Hierarchy Process–Quality Function Deployment (AHP–QFD) and chance constrained optimization algorithm approach that selects appropriate suppliers and allocates orders optimally between them. The effectiveness of the proposed decision support system has been demonstrated through application and validation in the bioenergy industry.
Purinergic mediated changes in Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization and functional responses in microglia: Effects of low levels of ATP (2005)

Microglia, the immune effector cells of the brain, are stimulated by a diversity of agents to transiently increase levels of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Changes in [Ca2+]i induced by compounds such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serve important roles in cellular signal transduction linking stimuli with cellular functional responses. Purinergic responses in microglia, like that in other cells, are mediated by two families of receptors classified as P2Y and P2X. Activation of metabotropic receptors (P2YR) leads to increased [Ca2+]i due to depletion of intracellular stores, a process that can trigger activation of Ca2+ entry through plasmalemmal store-operated channels (SOC). Activation of ionotropic receptors (P2XR) is associated with influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and efflux of K+ through nonselective cationic channels, leading to cellular depolarization. An intriguing property of purinergic stimulation of microglia is the dependence of cellular responses on agonist concentration. As one example, activation of the subtype P2X7R by higher levels of ATP (millimolar range), leads to a marked enhancement in microglial secretion of inflammatory mediators. Other members of the ionotropic P2XR family sensitive to lower levels of ATP, however, are also important in mediating microglial inflammatory responses in brain. At lower concentrations of ATP (100 microM), activation of SOC in human microglia is not only coupled to P2YR-dependent depletion of internal stores, but is also modulated by ATP binding to a P2XR (not P2X7R). The modulation is consistent with a P2XR-mediated influx of Na+ and inhibition of SOC by depolarization. In this review, a primary focus is placed on the effects of low concentrations of ATP (< or =100 microM) to induce changes in [Ca2+]i and modify functional processes in microglia. In essence, responses mediated by purinergic receptors other than P2X7R are considered.
19세기말 康津(강진) 朴氏家(박씨가)의 兵營(병영) 진출과 藥局(약국) 경영 (2013)

19세기 말기에 전라도 강진 지역에는 많은 의원(醫院)과 약국(藥局)이 있었는데, 의원은 환자를 치료하고 약국은 약을 판매하였다. 그 가운데 병영(兵營)에서 박씨가(朴氏家)는 박약국(朴藥局)이라는 이름의 약국을 경영하였다. 병영은 전라도 육군 지휘부가 주둔하고 정기적인 시장이 열리는 인구 조밀지이자 상업 중심지였다. 그런 곳에 들어선 박약국은 경영권을 세습하며 약재 매입, 의약 판매, 외상 수금 등을 하며 관련 장부(帳簿)를 작성하였다. 이런 일을 하는 데에 많은 일손이 필요하여 아들과 가까운 친족들을 경영인으로 고용하였는데, 그들은 전라도 관내는 물론이고 멀리 경상도·충청도까지 다니면서 약재를 매입하였고 도처에 다니면서 외상을 수금하였고 고객들로부터 온 주문장을 처리하는 일을 맡았다.
Diminished adenosine A1 receptor expression on macrophages in brain and blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (2001)

The nucleoside adenosine has been shown to control the production of proinflammatory molecules through its actions on cell surface purine receptors. Previously, we have reported that the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and exhibits diminished function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS; Mayne et al., Ann Neurol 1999;45:633-639). In the present study, A1AR expression in both brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from MS and control groups was characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemical analyses. FACS analyses of PBMC revealed that A1AR expression was chiefly detectable on CD14-positive cells and was reduced by 53.1% (p < 0.01) in MS patients compared to controls. A1AR mRNA levels were reduced by 43.1% (p < 0.001) in the brains of MS patients compared to patients with other neurological diseases and controls. A1AR protein expression in brain was detected primarily in CD45-positive glial cells and was markedly diminished in MS patients. The analysis of A1AR transcripts in the brain revealed that the A1AR-beta transcript was diminished (49.2%) in MS patients compared to controls (p < 0.002). These results indicate that the A1AR, expressed principally on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage in both brain and blood, is selectively diminished in MS patients. Reduction of the A1AR-beta transcript in MS patients suggests that dysregulated splicing may influence A1AR protein levels, potentially leading to increased macrophage activation and central nervous system inflammation.
Standardized Assay Medium To Measure Lactococcus lactis Enzyme Activities while Mimicking Intracellular Conditions (2011)

Knowledge of how the activity of enzymes is affected under in vivo conditions is essential for analyzing their regulation and constructing models that yield an integrated understanding of cell behavior. Current kinetic parameters for Lactococcus lactis are scattered through different studies and performed under different assay conditions. Furthermore, assay conditions often diverge from conditions prevailing in the intracellular environment. To establish uniform assay conditions that resemble intracellular conditions, we analyzed the intracellular composition of anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures of L. lactis subsp. cremoris MG 1363. Based on this, we designed a new assay medium for enzyme activity measurements of growing cells of L. lactis, mimicking as closely as practically possible its intracellular environment. Procedures were optimized to be carried out in 96-well plates, and the reproducibility and dynamic range were checked for all enzyme activity measurements. The effects of freezing and the carryover of ammonium sulfate from the addition of coupling enzymes were also established. Activities of all 10 glycolytic and 4 fermentative enzymes were measured. Remarkably, most in vivo-like activities were lower than previously published data. Yet, the ratios of V(max) over measured in vivo fluxes were above 1. With this work, we have developed and extensively validated standard protocols for enzyme activity measurements for L. lactis.
Rab6 Coordinates a Novel Golgi to ER Retrograde Transport Pathway in Live Cells (1999)

We visualized a fluorescent-protein (FP) fusion to Rab6, a Golgi-associated GTPase, in conjunction with fluorescent secretory pathway markers. FP-Rab6 defined highly dynamic transport carriers (TCs) translocating from the Golgi to the cell periphery. FP-Rab6 TCs specifically accumulated a retrograde cargo, the wild-type Shiga toxin B-fragment (STB), during STB transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). FP-Rab6 TCs associated intimately with the ER, and STB entered the ER via specialized peripheral regions that accumulated FP-Rab6. Microinjection of antibodies that block coatomer protein I (COPI) function inhibited trafficking of a KDEL-receptor FP-fusion, but not FP-Rab6. Additionally, markers of COPI-dependent recycling were excluded from FP-Rab6/STB TCs. Overexpression of Rab6:GDP (T27N mutant) using T7 vaccinia inhibited toxicity of Shiga holotoxin, but did not alter STB transport to the Golgi or Golgi morphology. Taken together, our results indicate Rab6 regulates a novel Golgi to ER transport pathway.
Coherent Optical RF Channelizer With Large Instantaneous Bandwidth and Large In-Band Interference Suppression (2018)

RF channelization is regarded as one of the most effective approaches to relieve the difficulty of processing wideband signals in microwave and millimeter-wave receivers. In this paper, a novel coherent optical RF channelizer with broad instantaneous bandwidth and large in-band interference suppression is proposed and demonstrated based on a multichannel photonic image-reject mixer (IRM). A Ku-band RF signal with an instantaneous bandwidth of 5 GHz is sliced into five consecutive subchannels with 1-GHz instantaneous bandwidth by the proposed channelizer. The in-band interference suppression, which relies on the image-rejection ratios of the IRM, is about 25 dB. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed channelizer achieves the highest in-band interference suppression in such wide instantaneous bandwidth.
The combination of high Q factor and chirality in twin cavities and microcavity chain (2014)

Chirality in microcavities has recently shown its bright future in optical sensing and microsized coherent light sources. The key parameters for such applications are the high quality (Q) factor and large chirality. However, the previous reported chiral resonances are either low Q modes or require very special cavity designs. Here we demonstrate a novel, robust, and general mechanism to obtain the chirality in circular cavity. By placing a circular cavity and a spiral cavity in proximity, we show that ultra-high Q factor, large chirality, and unidirectional output can be obtained simultaneously. The highest Q factors of the non-orthogonal mode pairs are almost the same as the ones in circular cavity. And the co-propagating directions of the non-orthogonal mode pairs can be reversed by tuning the mode coupling. This new mechanism for the combination of high Q factor and large chirality is found to be very robust to cavity size, refractive index, and the shape deformation, showing very nice fabrication tolerance. And it can be further extended to microcavity chain and microcavity plane. We believe that our research will shed light on the practical applications of chirality and microcavities.
HYBRIDIZATION, POLYPLOIDY, AND THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL SYSTEMS IN MERCURIALIS (EUPHORBIACEAE) (2006)

Hybridization and polyploidy are widely believed to be important sources of evolutionary novelty in plant evolution. Both can lead to novel gene combinations and/or novel patterns of gene expression, which in turn provide the variation on which natural selection can act. Here, we use nuclear and plastid gene trees, in conjunction with morphological data and genome size measurements, to show that both processes have been important in shaping the evolution of the angiosperm genus Mercurialis, particularly a clade of annual lineages that shows exceptional variation in the sexual system. Our results indicate that hexaploid populations of M. annua, in which the rare sexual system androdioecy is common (the occurrence of males and hermaphrodites) is of allopolyploid origin involving hybridization between an autotetraploid lineage of M. annua and the related diploid species M. huetii. We discuss the possibility that androdioecy may have evolved as a result of hybridization between dioecious M. huetii and monoecious tetraploid M. annua, an event that brought together the genes for specialist males with those for hermaphrodites.
Plasma irregularities in the high‐latitude ionospheric F‐region and their diamagnetic signatures as observed by CHAMP (2012)

Diamagnetic effects of ionospheric irregularities have been investigated at low‐latitudes before, but no corresponding effort has been made at high latitudes. In this study we demonstrate clear diamagnetic signatures of high‐latitude ionospheric irregularities as observed by the CHAMP satellite. We also present the climatology of these diamagnetic signatures for the years 2001–2010 and compare it with a previous study based on Global Positioning System (GPS) scintillation measurements. The climatology of the diamagnetic signatures is in reasonable agreement with that of the scintillations. The occurrence rate of the ionospheric irregularities generally peaks along the auroral latitudes around the pole, but it is not uniform zonally. The occurrence rate exhibits a maximum at the dayside cusp and in the pre‐midnight ionosphere. The occurrence rate increases with solar and/or auroral activity. The region of high occurrence rate expands equatorward with increasing auroral activity. Occurrence probabilities are higher in local winter than in local summer. The overall occurrence rate is smallest around June solstice and largest around December solstice. The ionospheric irregularities are generally accompanied by bursts of small‐scale field‐aligned currents (FACs), and they are related to Region 1 FACs.
"Generative Gateway Toolkit for Heterogeneous C3I Systems" (2006)

Command and Control Technologies Corporation (CCT) has developed composable reference architecture and a comprehensive integrated software toolkit for developing interoperable platform-independent C3I gateway systems under Air Force sponsored research. Gateways provide interoperability among disparate systems by providing a transparent connectivity solution that eliminates the need to replace or modify the systems themselves. The new generative gateway toolkit (GGTK) approach achieves this interoperability by leveraging common data-transport and data-exchange semantics, and abstracting hardware platform and device interface details from core gateway functionality. Software product line architecture methods are used to ensure large-scale reuse and provide the capability to specify at a high-level 'what to build'. Generative programming techniques extend this capability, using the high-level specifications to actually build functional component-based gateways. Central to the architecture is accommodation for variation and evolutionary extension of its communications and semantic processing services. The scope of this research is focused on addressing new and legacy system interoperability problems caused by stove piped architectures and a proliferation of interfaces. Primary focus is placed on the current use of gateways to solve DoD tactical data link (TDL) interoperability problems. Traditional gateway development approaches have led to a proliferation of custom point-to-point solutions built from the ground-up on a project-by-project basis. The new GGTK approach exploits the common and variable features of the communications gateway domain, combining reusable software assets that were systematically developed and assembled for generation into fully-functional customized gateways. Instead of coding new gateways, developers 'compose' new gateways by selecting data link protocols, I/O devices and runtime environments so GGTK can produce the actual gateway
New Approaches to the Study of Periodic Leg Movements During Sleep in Restless Legs Syndrome (2006)

Our new approach seems to be useful in a new qualitative differentiation among patients with PLM, which is not possible by using the simple PLM index.
Look Through Masks: Towards Masked Face Recognition with De-Occlusion Distillation (2020)

Many real-world applications today like video surveillance and urban governance need to address the recognition of masked faces, where content replacement by diverse masks often brings in incomplete appearance and ambiguous representation, leading to a sharp drop in accuracy. Inspired by recent progress on amodal perception, we propose to migrate the mechanism of amodal completion for the task of masked face recognition with an end-to-end de-occlusion distillation framework, which consists of two modules. The de-occlusion module applies a generative adversarial network to perform face completion, which recovers the content under the mask and eliminates appearance ambiguity. The distillation module takes a pre-trained general face recognition model as the teacher and transfers its knowledge to train a student for completed faces using massive online synthesized face pairs. Especially, the teacher knowledge is represented with structural relations among instances in multiple orders, which serves as a posterior regularization to enable the adaptation. In this way, the knowledge can be fully distilled and transferred to identify masked faces. Experiments on synthetic and realistic datasets show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Adaptive Linear Turbo Equalization Over Doubly Selective Channels (2011)

Over the last decade, tremendous gains, leading to near-capacity achieving performance, have been shown for a variety of communication systems through the application of the turbo principle, i.e., the exchange of extrinsic information between constituent algorithms for tasks such as channel decoding, equalization, and multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) detection. In this paper, we study the practical application of such an iterative detection and decoding (IDD) framework to underwater acoustic communications. We explore complexity and performance tradeoffs of a variety of turbo equalization (TEQ)-based receiver architectures. First, we elaborate on two popular but suboptimal turbo equalization techniques: a channel-estimate-based minimum mean-square error TEQ (CE-based MMSE-TEQ) and a direct-adaptive TEQ (DA-TEQ). We study the behavior of both TEQ approaches in the presence of channel estimation errors and adaptive filter adjustment errors. We confirm that after a sufficient number of iterations, the performance gap between these two TEQ algorithms becomes small. Next, we demonstrate that an underwater receiver architecture built upon the least mean squares (LMS) DA-TEQ technique can leverage and dramatically improve the performance of the conventional implementation based on the decision-feedback equalizer at a feasible complexity. To maintain performance gains over time-varying channels, the slow convergence speed of the LMS algorithm has been improved via two methods: 1) repeating the weight update for the same set of data with decreasing step size and 2) reducing the dimensionality of the equalizer by capturing sparse channel structure. This receiver architecture was used to process collected data from the SPACE 08 experiment (Martha's Vineyard, MA). Receiver performance for different modulation orders, channel codes, and hydrophone configurations is examined at a variety of distance, up to 1 km from the transmitters. Experimental results show great promise for this approach, as data rates in excess of 15 kb/s could readily be achieved without error.