gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-induced increase in renal (LLC-PK1) transepithelial permeability (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) causes a spontaneously reversible increase in tight junction permeability. TNF was the only cytokine tested that produced this effect. The effect on transepithelial permeability proceeds in four distinct phases: 1) a 60- to 90-min delay from time of application of TNF, 2) a rapid decrease in transepithelial resistance, 3) a recovery of transepithelial resistance to control level within 1 h, and 4) a further increase of transepithelial resistance above control levels. The recovery of transepithelial resistance occurs with or without TNF in the culture medium. Different protein kinase inhibitors affected different phases of this overall process. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein significantly blocked the TNF effect. Neither transcription nor protein synthesis was required for transepithelial permeability to increase, but were required for the recovery. After the tight junctions have opened at 2 h in response to TNF, a second application of TNF will not produce the effect again for at least 12 h. The tight junctions will, however, open in response to phorbol esters during this time frame. Electron microscopy studies using apically applied ruthenium red suggest that TNF action results in < 10% of the junctions having increased permeability at any given time during the resistance decrease. The role of epithelial barrier permeability changes in TNF action in vivo is discussed.
Resource Allocation Based On Workflow For Enhancing the Performance of Composite Service (2007)

Under SOA, multiple services can be aggregated to create a new composite service based on some predefined workflow. The QoS of this composite service is determined by the cooperation of all these Web services. With workflow pipelining, it is unreasonable to improve the overall service performance by only considering individual services without considering the relationship among them. In this paper, we propose to allocate resources by tracing and predicting workloads dynamically with the pipelining of service requests in workflow graph. At any moment, there are a number of service requests being handled by different services. Firstly, we predict future workloads for any requests as soon as they arrive at any service in the workflow. Secondly, we allocate resources for the predicted workloads to enhance the performance by replicating more services to resources. Our target is to maximize the number of successful requests with the constraints of limited resources. Experiment shows that our dynamic resource allocation mechanism is more efficient for enhancing the global performance of composite service than static resource allocation mechanism in general.
Subpixel displacement and deformation gradient measurement using digital image/speckle correlation (DISC) (2001)

Experimental solid mechanics relies heavily on surface dis- placement and deformation gradient measurements. Digital image/ speckle correlation (DISC) uses digital image processing to resolve dis- placement and deformation gradient fields. The practical implementation of DISC involves important challenges such as computation complexity and the discrepancy of the sensitivities and accuracies claimed in previ- ous studies. We develop an iterative, spatial-gradient based algorithm, which uses only first-order spatial derivatives of the images before and after deformation. Simulated images are then used to verify this algo- rithm, as well as to study the impact of speckle size on the accuracy. Based on these simulations, the sensitivity of DISC to displacement and deformation gradient, as well as an optimal speckle size for optimal ac- curacy, is recommended. The algorithm is then calibrated using rigid body translation and rotation, and an application of DISC to thermome- chanical diagnostics of electronic packaging is also presented. © 2001
Design and fabrication of a novel crystal SiGeC far infrared sensor with wavelength 8-14 micrometer (2002)

In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and performance of a novel crystal SiGeC infrared sensor with wavelength 8-14 /spl mu/m by bulk micromachining technology for portable far infrared ray (FIR) in rehabilitation system application. The working principle of the sensor is based on the change of thermistor's resistance under the irradiation FIR light. The thermistor in the IR detector is made of Si/sub 0.68/Ge/sub 0.31/C/sub 0.01/ thin films for its large activation energy of 0.21 ev and the temperature coefficient (TCR) of -2.74%, respectively. Finite element method package ANSYS has been employed for analyze of the thermal isolation and stress distribution in the IR detector. The dimension of the microbridge fabricated by anisotropic wet etching is 2000 /spl times/ 2000 /spl times/ 25 /spl mu/m/sup 3/. The developed FIR sensor exhibits the thermal conductance of 1.85 /spl times/ 10/sup -1/ WK/sup -1/ and the heat capacity as 7.4 /spl times/ 10/sup -7/ JK/sup -1/ under air ambient at room temperature. The responsivity is 523 VW/sup -1/ in the waveband 8-14 /spl mu/m with nickel absorber under a bias voltage 1.5 V.
Supracrestal bone growth around partially inserted titantium implants in dogs. A pilot study. (1996)

8 titanium implants (Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) were inserted into edentulous lower premolar areas of 4 dogs so that 6 threads of the implant protruded from the bone crest. Newly-developed perforated dome-shaped titanium space maintainers were fixed to the implant with cover screws. Autogenous bone fragments were placed under the space maintainers. On one side of the arch, the space maintainer was covered with a non resorbable cell occluding barrier. The implant/space maintainers were submerged under coronally positioned flaps. Following a 3-month healing period, there was a mean gain of new bone amounting to 2.5 mm for all specimens. A greater height of bone was found for those sites in which an ePTFE membrane was used; 3.1 mm vs. 1.9 mm (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated the potential of coronal bone growth of the alveolar bone in a protected space around crew implants with exposed treads when placed in the dog.
Polyurethane scaffolds for meniscal tissue regeneration. (2005)

More than 1 million procedures for the total or partial removal of the meniscus in the knee joint are performed in the United States and Europe each year. These meniscectomies lead to degenerative changes of the knee and to immobility of the patients. A polyurethane scaffold is described here, which has been developed as an alternative repair solution.
The contribution of common UGT2B10 and CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine glucuronidation among European Americans (2013)

CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 genotype explain 53% of the variance in oral nicotine glucuronidation in this sample. CYP2A6 and UGT2B10 genetic variants are also significantly associated with undeuterated (D0) nicotine glucuronidation in individuals smoking ad libitum. We find no evidence for further common variation markedly influencing hepatic UGT2B10 expression in European Americans.
Synthesis of isotope labeled oligonucleotides and their use in an NMR study of a protein-DNA complex (1992)

The synthesis of an oligonucleotide labeled with 13C at the thymine methyl and 15N at the exocyclic amino groups of the cytosines is described. 13CH3I and 15NH4OH were used as sources of the labels. The labeled oligonucleotide was characterized by several NMR techniques. The duplex possesses a labeled functional group in the major groove at every base pair which makes it a very suitable probe for the study of sequence-specific protein-DNA interaction. The labeled thymine methyl group facilitates the detection of hydrophobic contacts with aliphatic side-chains of proteins. This is demonstrated in an NMR study of a complex between the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain and the labeled oligomer, which revealed a hydrophobic contact between a thymine methyl group and the methyl groups of a valine residue. There are indications for small differences between the solution structure the X-ray structure of the complex.
CT and SPECT image registration and fusion for spatial localization of metastatic processes using radiolabeled monoclonals. (1993)

The fusion of computed tomography (CT) and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) antibody images can enhance the information provided by either single modality by providing precise anatomical-functional correlation. Functional abnormalities seen on low resolution SPECT antibody images can be precisely located with specific anatomic structures seen in high resolution CT images. External fiducials located on each image modality aid in the automated registration, alignment and matching of CT and SPECT antibody images. The potential benefits of multimodal fusion include (A) the discrimination of more subtle activity peaks using anatomic organ segmentation, (B) temporal discrimination of recurrent disease, (C) assessment of residual activity post-surgery and (D) automated localization of significant focal activity. In addition, the correlation of function with anatomy may be used to establish the physiologic status of ambiguously identified objects in the anatomic image.
Delay Fault Diagnosis for Non-Robust Test (2006)

With feature sizes steadily shrinking, manufacturing defects and parameter variations often cause design timing failures. It is essential that those errors be correctly and quickly diagnosed. The existing delay-fault diagnosis algorithms cannot identify the delay faults that require nonrobust tests, because they ignore nonrobust propagation conditions while emulating the failure analyzer's behavior. We propose a novel approach to perform delay-fault diagnosis for robust and nonrobust tests. The experimental results show that our approach can diagnose delay faults with good resolution. It is stable with respect to delay variations that the failure analyzer might experience.
The oxygen to carbon dioxide ratios observed in emissions from a wildfire in northern California (2001)

At Trinidad, California we observed elevated CO 2 concentrations and concomitant lowered O 2 levels coincident with forest fires 70 km distant (from 10/8/99 to 10/21/99). The precision of our O 2 data, ±1 µmol O 2 /mol dry air, revealed the reduction of atmospheric oxygen resulting from the combustion of biomass, and the stoichiometric ratios (−O 2 /CO 2 ) of the wildfire emissions. Estimates of daily −O 2 /CO 2 ratios were obtained by regression of CO 2 against corresponding O 2 data (R² 0.86 to 0.96). Daily −O 2 /CO 2 ratios changed from 1.15 to 1.41 on a particularly smoky day that coincided with elevated levels of CH 4 and increased CH 4 /CO 2 ratios. The change to a higher ratio during smoky conditions illustrates the association between changing emissions and −O 2 /CO 2 ratios, possibly due to changing wildfire dynamics.
A compact multiply-accumulate architecture for clustering pulse-width coded biomedical signals (2015)

Analog-to-time conversion has been one alternative method of converting continuous-valued, biomedical signals into pulse-width-modulated (PWM) digital signals for reliable data transmission and signal processing. As most data classification algorithms rely on inner product with feature vectors, this paper presents a compact architecture for performing multiplication and accumulation on PWM signals. The proposed architecture contains a dual-scale counter (DSC) and a two-dimensional multiply-accumulate (2D-MAC) operator. The DSC converts a time-mode (PWM) signal to digital data containing one coarse-count value and one fine-count value. The 2D-MAC then performs a multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation based on the coarse-count and fine-count values. The full architecture has been realized in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for demonstration. A comparison of the proposed 2D-MAC operator with an 8 bit resolution MAC operator from the FPGA intellectual property library is also presented. Experimental results reveal that the 2D-MAC with DSC operator can reduce the chip area, while consumes compatible power with the FPGA IP library.
FPGA Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Stereo Vision System (2009)

Stereo vision is a well-known ranging method because it resembles the basic mechanism of the human eye. However, the computational complexity and large amount of data access make real-time processing of stereo vision challenging because of the inherent instruction cycle delay within conventional computers. In order to solve this problem, the past 20 years of research have focused on the use of dedicated hardware architecture for stereo vision. This paper proposes a fully pipelined stereo vision system providing a dense disparity image with additional sub-pixel accuracy in real-time. The entire stereo vision process, such as rectification, stereo matching, and post-processing, is realized using a single field programmable gate array (FPGA) without the necessity of any external devices. The hardware implementation is more than 230 times faster when compared to a software program operating on a conventional computer, and shows stronger performance over previous hardware-related studies.
Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of SiOx Films Using Electron Beam Generated Plasmas (2009)

Abstract : Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as a silicon source to grow SiO2 films in a modulated electron beam generated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) arrangement. Process parameters investigated were: substrate temperature, gas composition, duty factor, and incident ion energy. At high temperatures (>150 C), film compositions were less sensitive to the process parameters, while at lower temperatures, the film chemistries varied greatly. Activation energies of -0.122 eV and -0.020 eV were determined for the films grown in these respective temperature ranges. Below 250 C, preferred growth conditions (> 20 nm/min) were found at small flow percentages of TEOS in argon/oxygen mixtures (2:48:50) with increased ion energies. The trade-off between substrate temperature and incident ion energy demonstrated a process viability not previously seen in scalable PECVD systems.
Options in Gas Turbine Power Augmentation Using Inlet Air Chilling (1991)

Gas turbine power augmentation in a cogeneration plant using inlet air chilling is investigated. Options include absorption chillers, mechanical (electric driven) chillers, thermal energy storage. Motive energy for the chillers is steam from the gas turbine exhaust or electrical energy for mechanical chillers. Chilled water distribution in the inlet air system is described. The overall economics of the power augmentation benefits is investigated.
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae-</i>induced pathological signaling in the vasculature (2009)

Since its description in 1986, Chlamydia pneumoniae has remained one of the most enigmatic pathogens. This intracellular bacterium is highly seroprevalent, but rarely recovered from cell culture, it can genetically switch between a proliferative and a nonreplicative state and has been linked to a vast number of chronic diseases, most notably to atherosclerosis, as it can be found in the plaques. It has become quite clear that persistent bacteria in atherosclerotic lesions cannot be eradicated by currently available antibiotic treatments and that attempts to do so without a better understanding of the pathobiology of chlamydial persistence are futile. However, there is growing knowledge on how vascular chlamydial infection may lead to the pathological reprogramming of the host cell signaling pathways. Chlamydia pneumoniae is now well known to induce, at least in vitro, the two pathogenetic main events that define atherosclerosis: angiogenesis and inflammation. In vivo a contribution of chlamydial infection to the progression of atherosclerosis remains unproven. This minireview provides a brief overview on the proproliferative and proinflammatory effects of vascular C. pneumoniae infection and their potential link to atherogenesis.
Topical drug delivery to the eye: dorzolamide (2012)

Topically applied carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in eye drop solutions are commonly used to treat glaucoma. However, local eye irritation and multiple daily administrations may hamper their clinical usefulness. Aqueous eye drop formulations that improve their topical bioavailability and reduce their eye irritation can improve their clinical efficacy. Earlier studies showed that dorzolamide and closely related CAIs are more effectively delivered into the eye from acidic eye drop solutions than from comparable neutral solutions. Consequently, dorzolamide was marketed as an aqueous pH 5.6 eye drop solution (Trusopt(®) , Merck). Later, it was shown that increasing the pH of the eye drops from pH 5.6 to physiologic pH significantly reduced their local irritation. Earlier attempts to use cyclodextrins (CDs) as ocular penetration enhancers in dorzolamide eye drop solutions failed since; although the CDs were able to enhance the aqueous solubility of dorzolamide, increasing the pH from 5.6 to physiologic pH reduced the ability of the drug to permeate into the eye. Later, it was discovered that formulating the drug as aqueous dorzolamide/γCD eye drop microparticle suspension resulted in significant bioavailability enhancement. The solid dorzolamide/γCD microparticles are mucoadhesive and release dorzolamide into the aqueous tear fluid for extended time period. Consequently, sustained high dorzolamide concentrations in aqueous humour and various eye tissues were observed after single administration of the aqueous dorzolamide/γCD eye drop microsuspension. The microsuspension has a potential of being developed into a once-a-day eye drop product. This article reviews the physicochemical properties of dorzolamide, its permeation characteristics and topical bioavailability.
Hierarchically Nanostructured Coordination Polymer: Facile and Rapid Fabrication and Tunable Morphologies (2009)

Hierarchically nanostructured coordination polymer Ce(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)6 architectures with tunable morphologies have been successfully prepared on a large scale via a simple and rapid solution phase method at room temperature. The as-synthesized products are characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. A possible splitting formation mechanism for the interesting architectures has been proposed to interpret the growth process. By rationally adjusting the synthetic parameters such as concentration, reaction temperature, surfactant, solvent, static, and ultrasonic treatment, Ce(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)6 with straw-sheaflike, flowerlike, wheatearlike, strawlike, bundlelike, and urchinlike architectures, and nanorods can be selectively obtained. This facile, rapid, mild, cost-effective, reproducible, and environment-friendly growth strategy has considerable potential, and could readily be extended to the growth of other nano/microscaled metal−organic materials with novel morphologies and unique properties.
Metal-mediated coupling of amino acid esters with isocyanides leading to new chiral acyclic aminocarbene complexes (2014)

Metal-mediated coupling between equimolar amounts of cis-[PdCl2(CNR1)2] (1–5) and the amino acid esters L-HTyrOMe (7) or L-HProOtBu (8) proceeds at 40 °C in chloroform over ca. 6 h. The subsequent workup affords the complexes cis-[PdCl2(CNR1){C(TyrOMe)vNHR1}] (R1 = Xyl 9, 2-Cl-6-Me-C6H3 10) or cis-[PdCl2(CNR1){C(ProOtBu)vNHR1}] (R1 = Xyl 11, 2-Cl-6-Me-C6H3 12, Cy 13, tBu 14, 2-naphthyl 15) in good to excellent isolated yields (75–94%). The corresponding reaction between trans-[PdI2(CNR1)2] (6) and 8 brings about the formation of trans-[PdI2(CNCy){C(ProOtBu)vNHCy}] (16, 76% isolated yield). The reaction of 6 with 7 proceeds non-selectively giving a broad mixture of products. Complexes 9–16 were characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), ESI+/−-MS, IR, 1D (1H, 13C{H}) and 2D (1H,1H-COSY, 1H,13C-HMQC/1H,13C-HSQC, 1H,13C-HMBC) NMR spectroscopic techniques, and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 9, 11–13, and 16).
Magnetic properties and microstructure of Mn–Al–C thin films (1999)

Mn x Al 100−x−y C y thin films with x=35–65 at. % and y=0–2.4 at. % were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering. Effects of the chemical composition and annealing temperature on the magnetic properties and microstructure of Mn–Al–C films were investigated. X-ray analysis shows that the as-deposited Mn–Al–C thin films are amorphous, and their saturation magnetization is very low. After annealing at temperatures between 400 and 550 °C in vacuum for 30 min, the magnetic phase with higher carbon concentration shows better thermal stability. The best annealing condition was found to be at 410 °C for 30 min. A ferromagnetic τ phase with a grain size of roughly 200–250 nm appeared at a composition range between 40 and 60 at. % Mn for MnxAl99−xC1 thin films; and the sample with Mn50Al49C1 has high coercivity and moderate saturation magnetization. The carbon addition can increase the thermal stability of the coercivity of the Mn–Al thin films.