gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE) (1997)

The Domain Name System was originally designed to support queries of a statically configured database. While the data was expected to change, the frequency of those changes was expected to be fairly low, and all updates were made as external edits to a zone's Master File.
Group-wise Correlation Stereo Network (2019)

Stereo matching estimates the disparity between a rectified image pair, which is of great importance to depth sensing, autonomous driving, and other related tasks. Previous works built cost volumes with cross-correlation or concatenation of left and right features across all disparity levels, and then a 2D or 3D convolutional neural network is utilized to regress the disparity maps. In this paper, we propose to construct the cost volume by group-wise correlation. The left features and the right features are divided into groups along the channel dimension, and correlation maps are computed among each group to obtain multiple matching cost proposals, which are then packed into a cost volume. Group-wise correlation provides efficient representations for measuring feature similarities and will not lose too much information like full correlation. It also preserves better performance when reducing parameters compared with previous methods. The 3D stacked hourglass network proposed in previous works is improved to boost the performance and decrease the inference computational cost. Experiment results show that our method outperforms previous methods on Scene Flow, KITTI 2012, and KITTI 2015 datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/xy-guo/GwcNet
Antibody Response to an Anti‐rabies Vaccine in a Dog Population under Field Conditions in Bolivia (2008)

Rabies remains an important public health issue in Bolivia, South America. Public concern and fears are most focussed on dogs as the source of rabies. The objective of the present study was to assess immunity of an inactivated suckling mouse brain vaccine against canine rabies used for the official vaccination campaigns under field conditions in an endemic area of rabies in Bolivia. A total of 236 vaccinated and 44 unvaccinated dogs in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, selected using stratified random sampling, were investigated in order to obtain owned dog characteristics and antibody titres against rabies in April 2007. The proportion of vaccinated dogs with an antibody titre exceeded the protection threshold value of 0.5 EU/ml was 58% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 52-65], indicating that vaccination is likely to elicit an antibody response (odds ratio 6.3, 95% CI: 1.2-11.5). The range of geometric mean of antibody titre for vaccinated dogs (0.89 EU/ml; 95% CI: 0.75-1.04) was considered to meet the minimal acceptable level indicating an adequate immune response to the vaccine. However, the titre level was not satisfactory in comparison with the results from other field investigations with inactivated tissue culture vaccines. It is recommended for public health authorities to (1) consider modernizing their vaccine manufacturing method because the level of immunity induced by the current vaccine is comparably low, (2) conduct frequent vaccination campaigns to maintain high levels of vaccination coverage, and (3) actively manage the domestic dog population in the study area, which is largely responsible for rabies maintenance.
CadC, the transcriptional regulatory protein of the cadmium resistance system of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 (1995)

The CadC protein from the cadA cadmium resistance operon of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 regulates transcription of this system in vitro. The CadC protein was overproduced in Escherichia coli cells and partially purified. Gel shift assays of the proposed cadA operator/promoter region DNA showed specific association with the CadC protein. Control arsenic resistance operator/promoter DNA from the same plasmid was not shifted by the CadC protein. Cd2+, Bi3+, and Pb2+ caused the release of CadC from DNA in gel retardation assays. DNase I footprinting measurements showed that the CadC protein specifically associated with and protected a region of operator/promoter DNA from nucleotide positions -7 to +14 relative to the start point of mRNA synthesis. Runoff transcription assays with the operator/promoter region of DNA (plus the first 69 nucleotides of the cadC gene) and purified E. coli RNA polymerase gave an mRNA product of the predicted size. Added CadC protein inhibited transcription in vitro.
Synthesis of two fluorescent GTPγS molecules and their biological relevance (2017)

Fluorescent GTP analogues are utilized for an assortment of nucleic acid and protein characterization studies. Non-hydrolysable analogues such as GTPγS offer the advantage of keeping proteins in a GTP-bound conformation due to their resistance to hydrolysis into GDP. Two novel fluorescent GTPγS molecules were developed by linking fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine to the γ-thiophosphate of GTPγS. Chemical and biological analysis of these two compounds revealed their successful synthesis and ability to bind to the nucleotide-binding site of tubulin. These two new fluorescent non-hydrolysable nucleotides offer new possibilities for biophysical and biochemical characterization of GTP-binding proteins.
Front-End for Anti-Spoofing Countermeasures in Speaker Verification: Scattering Spectral Decomposition (2016)

As speaker verification is widely used as a means of verifying personal identity in commercial applications, the study of antispoofing countermeasures has become increasingly important. By choosing appropriate spectral and prosodic feature mapping, spoofing methods based on voice conversion and speech synthesis are both capable of deceiving speaker verification systems that typically rely on these features. Consequently alternative front-ends are required for effective spoofing detection. This paper investigates the use of the recently proposed hierarchical scattering decomposition technique, which can be viewed as a generalization of all constant-Q spectral decompositions, to implement front-ends for stand-alone spoofing detection. The coefficients obtained using this decomposition are converted to a feature vector of Scattering Cepstral Coefficients (SCCs). We evaluate the performance of SCCs on the recent spoofing and Antispoofing (SAS) corpus as well as the ASVspoof 2015 challenge corpus and show that SCCs are superior to all other front-ends that have previously been benchmarked on the ASVspoof corpus.
Hydroxychavicol, a novel betel leaf component, inhibits platelet aggregation by suppression of cyclooxygenase, thromboxane production and calcium mobilization (2007)

HC is a potent COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, ROS scavenger and inhibits platelet calcium signaling, TXB(2) production and aggregation. HC could be a potential therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases through its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects, without effects on haemostatic functions.
Confirmation that abscisic acid accumulation is required for maize primary root elongation at low water potentials (1994)

Abstract Previous work showed that primary root elongation in maize (Zeamays L.) seedlings at low water potentials was severely inhibited when accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) was decreased using either fluridone or the vp5 mutant to inhibit carotenoid (and ABA) biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to confirm that the inhibition of root elongation resulting from these treatments was indeed attributable to the decrease in ABA levels. Seedlings were transplanted after germination to vermiculite at water potentials of −1.6 or − 0.3 MPa. ABA was mixed at various concentrations with the vermiculite to test whether the effects of fluridone and the vp5 mutation on root elongation could be overcome. In both treatments, restoration of ABA levels in the root apical 10 mm, which encompassed the elongation zone, resulted in recovery of root elongation rate at both −1.6 MPa and −0.3 MPa. Analysis of the spatial distribution of elongation rate showed that the recovery of overall root elongation resulted from restoration of the profile of elongation, and did not involve over-promotion of local elongation rate at any position. The recovery of root elongation was shown to be independent of effects of ABA status on shoot growth. When ABA was applied at high water potential, such that levels of ABA in the root tip reached those associated with maintenance of elongation at low water potentials, root elongation was inhibited. Thus, the response of root elongation to bulk tissue ABA content varied with the tissue water status. The results confirm that accumulation of ABA is required for the maintenance of maize primary root elongation at low water potentials.
21세기 핵심역량과 지리 교육과정 탐색 (2013)

평생학습이 요구되는 지식기반사회에서 중요한 것은 ‘무엇을 아는가’라기 보다 ‘무엇을 할 수 있는가’이다. 역량기반 교육과정은 21세기를 살아갈 학생들에게 필요한 학교 교육에 대한 고민 속에서 최근 세계 각국에서 하나의 흐름으로 나타나고 있는 교육 개혁의 특징적인 산물 중 하나이다. 이에 본 특집호는 역량기반 교육과정의 문제의식을 살펴보고, 영국, 뉴질랜드, 대만, 캐나다, 미국, 싱가포르, 호주, 프랑스 등 외국의 역량기반지리 교육과정이 구체적으로 어떤 모습을 띠고 있는지 그 특징을 개괄적으로 소개하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우선 역량이 무엇이며 왜 필요한지, 21세기 핵심역량이란 어떤 것들이 있는지, 이러한 역량을 길러주기 위해 개발된 외국의 역량기반 교육과정에서 지리 교육과정이 어떤 형태로 제시되어 있는지를 살펴보았으며, 이를 토대로 우리나라 지리 교육과정에 주는 시사점을 제시하였다. 외국의 지리 교육과정은 범교과적 역량을 교과 교육을 통해 구현하거나 교과 고유의 역량을 선정하여 이를 중심으로 지리 교육과정을 구성하는 등 다양한 수준과 형태로 핵심역량을 반영하고 있었다. 역량기반 지리 교육과정은 기존의 교육과정에서 비명시적으로 제시되었던 역량을 문서상에서 보다 명시적으로 강조하여 제시하고 있다. 특히 21세기 핵심역량이 교과를 통해 계발될 수있도록 핵심적인 내용을 중심으로 지리적 지식을 선별하여 제시하고, 이와 연계하여 지리적 탐구와 기능과 관련된 교육 내용을 보다 강화하여 이를 상세화하고 체계적으로 제시하는 점이 특징적이다.
Motion in Augmented Reality Games: An Engine for Creating Plausible Physical Interactions in Augmented Reality Games (2010)

The next generation of Augmented Reality (AR) games will require real and virtual objects to coexist in motion in immersive game environments. This will require the illusion that real and virtual objects interact physically together in a plausible way. The Motion in Augmented Reality Games (MARG) engine described in this paper has been developed to allow these kinds of game environments. The paper describes the design and implementation of the MARG engine and presents two proof-of-concept AR games that have been developed using it. Evaluations of these games have been performed and are presented to show that the MARG engine takes an important step in developing the next generation of motion-rich AR games.
Binary or quadriphase signal design for approximately synchronized CDMA systems without detection sidelobe nor co-channel interference (2002)

The author proposed a signal design method without co-channel interference for approximately synchronized CDMA systems. The author also proposed "coded addition of sequences" for realizing good information transmission rate in CDMA systems including approximately synchronized CDMA systems. The proposed signals also have the property of no detection sidelobe, when "the basic orthogonal sequences" are polyphase orthogonal sequences. This property is discussed in detail. From the view point of equipment, binary signals or quadriphase signals are more useful than polyphase signals. So, the author propose a signal design method of binary and quadriphase signals for approximately synchronized CDMA systems with good information transmission rate without detection sidelobe nor co-channel interference. In the proposed signal design theory, each pair of transmitter and receiver (in some case, base station) use binary or quadriphase sequences on their own carrier. Co-channel interference exists as polyphase sequences for the receiver's carrier, so that co-channel interference has no influence on the detection in the receiver, although the co-channel interference signals are binary or quadriphase signals for their own transmitters' carrier.
70.2: Low‐Voltage White Tandem Structures for Fabricating RGBW AMOLED Displays (2006)

Abstract We recently demonstrated full‐color RGBW AMOLED displays based on white‐emitting OLED structures optimized for a D65 white point. The efficiency of the white formulation has been improved by the use of tandem structures with two or three lowvoltage white‐emitting units connected by organic “PN”‐type connectors. It has been found that the separation between emitting units is critical to the efficiency and the white point of the tandem structure. Optimized two‐ and three‐EL unit structures exhibit efficiencies of 17.4 cd/A and 24.6 cd/A, respectively, compared to 10.7 cd/A for the single‐EL unit control. The tandem structures demonstrate excellent operational stability, with extrapolated half‐life times for one‐, two‐, and three‐unit test devices of about 50,000 h, 70,000 h, and 110,000 h, respectively, at 1000 cd/m 2 . We have also fabricated advanced white tandem structures where the color gamut (NTSC x,y ratio) has been improved to greater than 70% using standard color filters.
Evaluation of caching strategies for an Internet server (1997)

We look at a number of issues in organizing a file system cache in an Internet multimedia server. Traces from NCSA World-Wide-Web (WWW) server are used in this study. We study several caching strategies for improving the overall performance of such a server and show that request response time can be improved by some of the replacement policies that take size of the request into account. The new policies perform better as the video/audio content increases in the file system workload. We also show that previously proposed cache sharing strategies improve performance significantly in these multimedia servers.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in human melanoma cells with acquired resistance to various antineoplastic drugs (2000)

Malignant melanoma displays strong resistance against various antineoplastic drugs. The mechanisms conferring this intrinsic resistance are unclear. To better understand the molecular events associated with drug resistance in melanoma, a panel of human melanoma cell variants exhibiting low and high levels of resistance to 4 commonly used drugs in melanoma treatment, i.e., vindesine, etoposide, fotemustine and cisplatin, was characterized by differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). Of 269 mRNA fragments found to be altered in expression level by DDRT-PCR, a total of 11 cDNA clones was characterized after confirmation of a differential expression pattern by Northern blot analyses. These clones include 3 genes (DSM-1, DSM-3 and DSM-5) of known function, 4 previously sequenced genes (DSM-2, DSM-4, DSM-6 and DSM-7) of uncharacterized function and 4 novel genes (DSM-8-DSM-11) without match in GenBank. All of these genes exhibited altered mRNA expression in high level etoposide-resistant cells, whereby 7 genes (DSM-1-DSM-6 and DSM-8) were found to be decreased in the transcription rate in these etoposide-resistant cells. The mRNA synthesis of the remaining genes (DSM-7 and DSM-9-DSM11) was enhanced in high level etoposide-resistant melanoma cells. The expression of 5 (DSM-5 and DSM-7-DSM-10) of the cloned cDNA encoding mRNAs was modulated in various independently established drug-resistant melanoma cells, indicating to be associated with drug resistance. Further characterization of these genes may yield inside into the biology and development of drug resistance in malignant melanoma.
A Musically Motivated Mid-Level Representation for Pitch Estimation and Musical Audio Source Separation (2011)

When designing an audio processing system, the target tasks often influence the choice of a data representation or transformation. Low-level time-frequency representations such as the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) are popular, because they offer a meaningful insight on sound properties for a low computational cost. Conversely, when higher level semantics, such as pitch, timbre or phoneme, are sought after, representations usually tend to enhance their discriminative characteristics, at the expense of their invertibility. They become so-called mid-level representations. In this paper, a source/filter signal model which provides a mid-level representation is proposed. This representation makes the pitch content of the signal as well as some timbre information available, hence keeping as much information from the raw data as possible. This model is successfully used within a main melody extraction system and a lead instrument/accompaniment separation system. Both frameworks obtained top results at several international evaluation campaigns.
Des-1-25-fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, a nonallosteric derivative produced by trypsin treatment of the native protein. (1985)

Limited tryptic digestion of pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the presence of magnesium ions results in the formation of an active enzyme derivative which is no longer inhibited by the allosteric effector AMP. The presence of AMP during incubation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with trypsin protects against the loss of AMP inhibition. By contrast, the presence of the nonhydrolyzable substrate analog fructose 2,6-bisphosphate accelerates the rate of formation of that form of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase which is insensitive to AMP inhibition. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis of samples taken during trypsin treatment shows that the loss of AMP inhibition parallels the conversion of the native 36,500 molecular weight fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase subunit into a 34,000 molecular weight species. Automated Edman degradation of trypsin-treated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase following gel filtration shows a single sequence beginning at Gly-26 in the original enzyme, but no changes in the COOH-terminal region of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Thus, the proteolytic product has been characterized as "des-1-25-fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase." A comparison of the kinetic properties of control enzyme and des-1-25-fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reveals some differences in properties (pH optimum, Ka for Mg2+, K+ activation, inhibition by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate) between the two enzymes, but none is so striking as the complete loss of AMP sensitivity shown by des-1-25-fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. The loss of AMP inhibition is due to the loss of AMP-binding capacity, but it is not known at this stage whether residues of the AMP site are present in the 25-amino acid NH2-terminal region or the removal of this region leads to a conformational change that abolishes the function of an AMP site located elsewhere in the molecule.
P1D-2 High Temperature Langasite BAW Gas Sensor Based on ZnO Nanowire Arrays (2007)

In this paper, we present our recent study on the fabrication and characterization of the ZnO nanowires gas sensor using thickness shear mode (TSM) langasite resonators. C-axis vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays were synthesized on the langasite resonator by using an utrathin ZnO seed layer through a simple hydrothermal route. The nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). N02 as the target gas was particularly used to investigate the sensing performance of langasite resonator sensors with nanostructured ZnO interfacial layer at high temperature conditions. The results indicated the use of the ZnO nanowire arrays on acoustic wave resonator can greatly enhance the sensitivity and sensor response speed due to the fast surface/interface reaction and surface roughness.
Passive infrared sensors: limitations on performance (1976)

The performance of passive sensors for surveillance, radiometry, spectroscopy, astronomy is analyzed using idealizations of engineering features. Sensors are characterized by a finite number of degrees of freedom in each of two angles, wavelength, and time. An optimum number of degrees of freedom is found to sense a target field in four dimensions. Degrees of freedom are quite freely interchangeable between dimensions of different kinds. An optimum number of output states is related to the sensing or measurement requirment. An optimum weighting is found for averaging degrees of freedom into output states. Simple equations relate performance to an index of cost. Examples apply the results to estimate limits to sensor performance for several applications.
Performance Estimates tor the DADO Machine: A Comparison of TREAT and RETE (1984)

DADO is a highly parallel, VLSI-based, tree structured computer, intended (or the rapid execution of production system programs. In this paper we describe a new match algorithm for executing production systems on DADO that is capable of handling both temporally redundant and nontemporally redundant production systems. We argue that the new algorithm is faster than the original DADO algorithm intended for nontemporally redundant systems. We also show that the new algorithm executed on parallel hardware is faster and more space efficient than parallel implementations of the RETE match algorithm, which is appropriate for temporally redundant systems.
Resolution-robust Large Mask Inpainting with Fourier Convolutions (2022)

Modern image inpainting systems, despite the significant progress, often struggle with large missing areas, complex geometric structures, and high-resolution images. We find that one of the main reasons for that is the lack of an effective receptive field in both the inpainting network and the loss function. To alleviate this issue, we propose a new method called large mask inpainting (LaMa). LaMa is based on i) a new inpainting network architecture that uses fast Fourier convolutions (FFCs), which have the image-wide receptive field; ii) a high receptive field perceptual loss; iii) large training masks, which unlocks the potential of the first two components. Our inpainting network improves the state-of-the-art across a range of datasets and achieves excellent performance even in challenging scenarios, e.g. completion of periodic structures. Our model generalizes surprisingly well to resolutions that are higher than those seen at train time, and achieves this at lower parameter&time costs than the competitive baselines. The code is available at https://github.com/saic-mdal/lama.
Deficiency of histone lysine methyltransferase SETDB2 in hematopoietic cells promotes vascular inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis (2021)

Epigenetic modifications of the genome, including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and noncoding RNAs, have been reported to play a fundamental role in regulating immune response during the progression of atherosclerosis. SETDB2 is a member of the KMT1 family of lysine methyltransferases, and members of this family typically methylate histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9), an epigenetic mark associated with gene silencing. Previous studies have shown that SETDB2 is involved in innate and adaptive immunity, the proinflammatory response, and hepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we report that expression of SETDB2 is markedly upregulated in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions. Upregulation of SETDB2 was observed in proinflammatory M1 but not antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Notably, we found that genetic deletion of SETDB2 in hematopoietic cells promoted vascular inflammation and enhanced the progression of atherosclerosis in BM transfer studies in Ldlr-knockout mice. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis in isolated CD45+ cells from atherosclerotic plaques from mice transplanted with SETDB2-deficient BM revealed a significant increase in monocyte population and enhanced expression of genes involved in inflammation and myeloid cell recruitment. Additionally, we found that loss of SETDB2 in hematopoietic cells was associated with macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions and attenuated efferocytosis. Overall, these studies identify SETDB2 as an important inflammatory cell regulator that controls macrophage activation in atherosclerotic plaques.