gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KLF Family Members Regulate Intrinsic Axon Regeneration Ability (2009)

Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) lose their ability to regenerate early in development, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. By screening genes developmentally regulated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we identified Krüppel-like factor-4 (KLF4) as a transcriptional repressor of axon growth in RGCs and other CNS neurons. RGCs lacking KLF4 showed increased axon growth both in vitro and after optic nerve injury in vivo. Related KLF family members suppressed or enhanced axon growth to differing extents, and several growth-suppressive KLFs were up-regulated postnatally, whereas growth-enhancing KLFs were down-regulated. Thus, coordinated activities of different KLFs regulate the regenerative capacity of CNS neurons.
A marine dipole source for low frequency seismic acquisition (2015)

Summary Two or more octaves of low frequencies may be added to the seismic band with a new type of marine source that remedies the low frequency ghost notch problem and possesses useful low frequency radiation characteristics. The ghosting characteristic of conventional marine sources has a node that notches the low frequencies. In contrast, the ghosting characteristic of a marine dipole source has an antinode that amplifies the low frequencies. With adequate forcing, the marine dipole source can radiate far field amplitudes at low frequencies that are useful for seismic exploration.
Reducing Amine Aerosol Emissions from Carbon Capture Systems Using Colloidal Gas Aprons (2014)

During CO2 capture processes from coal-derived flue gas with amine solvents small entrain small solvent droplets can be formed and emitted from the system leading to high solvent emission levels. The entrained mist will lead to significant solvent make-up rates and the associated costs and may have significant secondary environmental impacts. In order to combat this issue and reduce the emissions of amine mist droplets from CO2 absorber, a novel method using an anionic surfactant to generate charged colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) was developed. MEA emission reduction through a CGA absorption process was optimized by adjusting variables including capture temperature and stirring speed of the CGA generator. A significant reduction of close to 50% in MEA emissions in the flue gas stream exiting the absorber column was achieved from a pilot scale CO2 capture pilot unit.
Technologies of cryoprotectant‐free vitrification of human spermatozoa: asepticity as criterion of effectiveness (2017)

This review describes 120 years history of technology for cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen (vitrification). It is presented an explanation why cryoprotectant-free vitrification for some human ejaculates is better than conventional freezing and vitrification with the presence of cryoprotectants. Special attention is given to the extremely high viability of viruses, bacteria and micoplasmas after cryoprotectant-free cryopreservation in culture medium and even in distilled water. This fact increases the potential risk of disease transmission through liquid nitrogen. It is concretized the concept "asepticity" as obvious parameter for any medical assisted reproduction technology which includes the cooling of cells in liquid nitrogen. It is described the role of nonpermeable compounds of mediums for cryoprotectant-free vitrification: carbohydrates, proteins, lipoproteins, antioxidants. This review summarizes concerned data regarding two groups of different current technologies for cryoprotectant-free vitrification of human spermatozoa: with direct contact of spermatozoa with liquid nitrogen as well as with full isolation of these cells from liquid nitrogen (aseptic technologies).
Remote dynamic acoustoelastic testing: Elastic and dissipative acoustic nonlinearities measured under hydrostatic tension and compression (2009)

Remote dynamic acoustoelastic testing is proposed to provide a noninvasive and regional measurement of elastic and dissipative acoustic nonlinearities in fluids and solids. The probed medium is dynamically stressed by a low-frequency sinusoidal variation in the hydrostatic pressure in the surrounding fluid. Simultaneously, ultrasound pulses propagate undergoing time of flight and energy modulations, associated with elastic and dissipative nonlinearities, respectively. Acoustic nonlinearities in tension phases can be distinguished from those measured in compression phases. Instantaneous modulations of ultrasound time of flight and energy are analyzed as functions of the instantaneous low-frequency acoustic pressure, similar to a quasistatic acoustoelastic testing.
Feedback control of retrograde peristalsis using Neural Gastric Electrical Stimulation (2008)

Neural Gastric Electrical Stimulation (NGES) is a new method for invoking gastric contractions under microprocessor control. However, optimization of this technique using feedback mechanisms to minimize power consumption and maximize effectiveness has been lacking. The present work proposes a prototype feedback-controlled neural gastric electrical stimulator for the treatment of obesity. Both a force-based and an interelectrode impedance-based feedback neurostimulator were implemented and tested. Four mongrel dogs (2 M, 2 F, weight 14.9 ++/- 2.3kg) underwent subserosal implantation of 2-channel 1-cm bipolar electrode leads in the distal antrum. Two of the dogs were stimulated with a force-based feedback system and the other two animals were stimulated utilizing an interelectrode impedance-based feedback system. Both feedback systems were able to recognize Erythromycin-driven contractions of the stomach and were capable of overriding them with NGES-invoked retrograde contractions. The proposed technique could be helpful for retaining food longer in the stomach, thus inducing early satiety and diminishing food intake.
Fluorescent imaging over an ultra-large field-of-view of 532 cm<sup>2</sup>using a flatbed scanner (2014)

We introduce a fluorescent imaging method that is capable of detecting fluorescent micro-particles over an ultra-wide field of view of 19 cm × 28 cm using a modified flatbed scanner. We added a custom-designed absorbing emission filter, a computer controlled two dimensional LED array, and modified the driver of the scanner to maximize the sensitivity, exposure time, and gain for fluorescent detection of micro-objects. This high-throughput fluorescent imaging device used in conjunction with a microfluidic sample holder enables rapid screening of fluorescent micro-objects inside more than 2.2mL of optically dense media (i.e., whole blood) within 5 minutes. The device is sensitive enough to detect fluorescently labeled cells, and generates images that have an effective pixel count of 2.2 Giga-pixels.
High performance stereo sound enclosure for computer visual display monitor and method for construction (1995)

First Page
Micromachined Bulk Wave Acoustic Bandgap Devices (2007)

A MEMS bulk wave acoustic bandgap has been designed and experimentally verified. The acoustic bandgaps are realized by including tungsten (W) scatterers in a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> matrix. Wide frequency ranges where acoustic waves are forbidden to exist are formed due to the large density and acoustic impedance mismatch between W and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The acoustic bandgap structures are fabricated in a 7-mask process that features integrated aluminum nitride piezoelectric couplers. Acoustic bandgaps in a square lattice have been measured at 33 and 67 MHz with up to 35 dB of acoustic rejection and bandwidths exceeding 35% of the midgap.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW STREPTOZOTOCIN ANALOGS WITH IMPROVED ANTILEUKEMIC ACTIVITY (1974)

Abstract Im Streptozotocin (I) sind die Elemente eines N‐Nitroso‐methyl‐harnstoffs vorhanden.
Selective sensing of caesium ions by novel calix[4]arene bis(dibenzocrown) ethers in an aqueous environment (1998)

Calix[4]arene bis(dibenzocrown) ethers 3 and 4 were successfully synthesized in the fixed 1,3-alternate conformation in over 70% yield via the reaction of calix[4]arene with dibenzo dimesylates 6 and 7, respectively, in acetonitrile in the presence of caesium carbonate as base. Exhibiting typical 1H NMR spectrum patterns, 3 and 4 are in the 1,3-alternate conformation, which is confirmed by X-ray analysis. Among four synthetic compounds tested, 3 shows the best selectivity and efficiency for a caesium ion complexation over other alkali metal ions using the single flux method through a bulk liquid membrane system. Enhancement of the complexation ability is attributable to the flatness and lipophilicity of the ethereal linkages caused by introducing the dibenzo groups on the calix[4]arene moiety. Two phase extraction experiments using calix[4]arene bis(crown) ethers with caesium ions are found to give a 1∶1 ligand–metal complexation ratio.
West Nile virus in complex with the Fab fragment of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (2006)

Flaviviruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), are significant human pathogens. The humoral immune response plays an important role in the control of flavivirus infection and disease. The structure of WNV complexed with the Fab fragment of the strongly neutralizing mAb E16 was determined to 14.5-Angstrom resolution with cryo-electron microscopy. E16, an antibody with therapeutic potential, binds to domain III of the WNV envelope glycoprotein. Because of steric hindrance, Fab E16 binds to only 120 of the 180 possible binding sites on the viral surface. Fitting of the previously determined x-ray structure of the Fab-domain III complex into the cryo-electron microscopy density required a change of the elbow angle between the variable and constant domains of the Fab. The structure suggests that the E16 antibody neutralizes WNV by blocking the initial rearrangement of the E glycoprotein before fusion with a cellular membrane.
Isotropic Paper Directly from Anisotropic Wood: Top-Down Green Transparent Substrate Toward Biodegradable Electronics (2018)

Flexible electronics have found useful applications in both the scientific and industrial communities. However, substrates traditionally used for flexible electronics, such as plastic, cause many environmental issues. Therefore, a transparent substrate made from natural materials provides a promising alternative because it can be degraded in nature. The traditional bottom-up fabrication method for transparent paper is expensive, environmentally unfriendly, and time-consuming. In this work, for the first time, we developed a top-down method to fabricate isotropic, transparent paper directly from anisotropic wood. The top-down method includes two steps: a delignification process to bleach the wood by lignin removal and a pressing process for removing light-reflecting and -scattering sources. The resulting isotropic, transparent paper has high transmittance of about 90% and high haze over 80% and is demonstrated as a nature-disposable substrate for electronic/optical devices. Adjusting the pressing ratio used changes the density of the resulting paper, which tunes the microstructure-related properties of the isotropic, transparent paper. This top-down method is simple, fast, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective, which can greatly promote the development of paper-based green optical and electronic devices.
A Pool of Eight Virally Vectored African Swine Fever Antigens Protect Pigs against Fatal Disease (2020)

Classical approaches to African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine development have not been successful; inactivated virus does not provide protection and use of live attenuated viruses generated by passage in tissue culture had a poor safety profile. Current African swine fever (ASF) vaccine research focuses on the development of modified live viruses by targeted gene deletion or subunit vaccines. The latter approach would be differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA)-compliant, but information on which viral proteins to include in a subunit vaccine is lacking. Our previous work used DNA-prime/vaccinia-virus boost to screen 40 ASFV genes for immunogenicity, however this immunization regime did not protect animals after challenge. Here we describe the induction of both antigen and ASFV-specific antibody and cellular immune responses by different viral-vectored pools of antigens selected based on their immunogenicity in pigs. Immunization with one of these pools, comprising eight viral-vectored ASFV genes, protected 100% of pigs from fatal disease after challenge with a normally lethal dose of virulent ASFV. This data provide the basis for the further development of a subunit vaccine against this devastating disease.
Effects of sequential treatments with chemotherapeutic drugs followed by TRAIL on prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo (2004)

Chemotherapeutic drugs can be used to enhance the therapeutic potential of TRAIL in prostate cancer.
Filtered Stochastic Shadow Mapping Using a Layered Approach (2015)

Abstract Given a stochastic shadow map rendered with motion blur, our goal is to render an image from the eye with motion‐blurred shadows with as little noise as possible. We use a layered approach in the shadow map and reproject samples along the average motion vector, and then perform lookups in this representation. Our results include substantially improved shadow quality compared to previous work and a fast graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation. In addition, we devise a set of scenes that are designed to bring out and show problematic cases for motion‐blurred shadows. These scenes have difficult occlusion characteristics, and may be used in future research on this topic.
Query optimization in microsoft SQL server PDW (2012)

In recent years, Massively Parallel Processors have increasingly been used to manage and query vast amounts of data. Dramatic performance improvements are achieved through distributed execution of queries across many nodes. Query optimization for such system is a challenging and important problem.
7.4: Machine Vision Passive Touch Technology for Interactive Displays (2001)

Abstract A novel machine vision touch screen overlay for flat panel, curved, or projected displays has been developed. The touch screen uses CMOS cameras in the corners of the overlay to recognize the presence of a pointer object. The CMOS cameras are configured to produce an image that is 640 columns by 20 rows. With this configuration, the overlay can determine when and where a hover or touch contact has been initiated.
Binaural jitter improves sensitivity to interaural time differences in electric and acoustic hearing (2008)

Cochlear implant (CI) listeners are often sensitive to fine structure ITD at low pulse rates, but their sensitivity declines at higher pulse rates which are required for speech coding. We hypothesized that this limitation is related to the binaural adaptation phenomenon [Hafter and Dye, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73 644-651 (1983)], associated with periodic stimulation. With five CI listeners, we tested the effect of introducing binaurally-synchronized jitter (binaural jitter) in the stimulation timing, assuming that this reduces the periodicity in the neural response and thus avoids binaural adaptation. Pulse rates from 400 to 1515 pulses per second (pps) were tested. In addition, we performed a similar experiment with normal-hearing (NH) listeners using bandpass-filtered acoustic pulse trains and testing the pulse rates 600 and 1200 pps. The CI listeners showed large improvements in ITD sensitivity from binaural jitter at high pulse rates (800 - 1515 pps). The NH listeners also showed large improvements from binaural jitter. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that random temporal variation reactivates the adapted binaural auditory system. Thus, binaurally-jittered stimulation improves the access of bilateral CI listeners to ITD information. Partly supported by the Austrian Science Fund, FWF, project number P18401-B15.
Architectural and functional asymmetry of the His–Purkinje system of the murine heart (2004)

This investigation provides positive evidence of the asymmetry of the His-Purkinje system of the adult mouse, and the first patch-clamp recording data on murine cardiac Purkinje cells. This mouse model opens up new perspectives for investigating the contribution of specific genes to the morphology and function of the His-Purkinje system.
Coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: new therapeutic approach for improving dementia of the Alzheimer type. (1996)

The Coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been used as medication in 17 patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type in an open label trial. In all patients evaluated so far, an improvement in their cognitive dysfunction was observed. Based on the minimental state examination, the minimum improvement was 6 points and the maximum improvement 14 points with a mean value of 8.35 points. The improvement on the basis of the global deterioration scale (GDS) was a minimum of 1 point and a maximum of 2 points with a mean value of 1.82. The duration of therapy was between 8 and 12 weeks. No side effects or adverse effects have been reported from the patients or their caregivers during the observation period which is, in some patients, more than a year. This open label trial represents a pilot study from which no definitive conclusion can be drawn. A double-blind placebo controlled study is necessary to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of NADH. The planning and the fulfillment of all requirements for such a study are in progress.
SRICOS: Prediction of Scour Rate in Cohesive Soils at Bridge Piers (1999)

A new method called SRICOS is proposed to predict the scour depth z versus time t around a cylindrical bridge pier of diameter D founded in clay. The steps involved are: (1) taking samples at the bridge pier site; (2) testing them in an erosion function apparatus to obtain the scour rate ż versus the hydraulic shear stress applied τ; (3) predicting the maximum shear stress τmax, which will be induced around the pier by the water flowing at vo before the scour hole starts to develop; (4) using the measured ż versus τ curve to obtain the initial scour rate żi corresponding to τmax; (5) predicting the maximum depth of scour zmax for the pier; (6) using żi and zmax to develop the hyperbolic function describing the scour depth z versus time t curve; and (7) reading the z versus t curve at a time corresponding to the duration of the flood to find the scour depth that will develop around that pier. A new apparatus is developed to measure the ż versus t curve of step 2, a series of advanced numerical simulations are performed to develop an equation for the τmax value of step 3, and a series of flume tests are performed to develop an equation for the zmax value of step 5. The method is evaluated by comparing predictions and measurements in 42 flume experiments.
The preparation of novel 1-propenyl ethers and their cationic photopolymerization (1996)

A series of nine difunctional 1-propenyl ether monomers bearing ether, ester, carbonate, and urethane groups were prepared based on trimethylolpropane diallyl ether as the starting material. The monomers were fully characterized and then subjected to photoinitiated cationic polymerization using diaryliodonium salts as photoinitiators. The course of the polymerizations was followed using Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy and the relative reactivities of the various monomers were determined. It could be shown that the differences in reactivity could be related mainly to the basicity of the functional group introduced into the molecule. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Encapsulation of isotope on novel ?-emitting poly(ethylene terephthalate) surfaces (2001)

Recent data indicate that intravascular betaa-irradiation from centrally located sources at the time of balloon angioplasty or stenting reduces proliferation of smooth muscle cells, neointima formation, and restenosis. In an effort to simplify radiation delivery, a novel beta-radiation source was developed based on the adsorption of 32P (phosphoric acid) by pH-sensitive chitosan hydrogel on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) balloon surface. To prevent the 32P-isotope desorption in the patient's blood, the adsorbed phosphoric acid was precipitated as CaHPO4 on the surface by a saturated Ca(OH)2/5% CaCl2 solution. Various polyurethanes were applied to seal the radioactive surface by the dip-coating method. The isotope off-rate results were determined. Optimal results were obtained by serially coating with two polyurethane solutions. This approach holds promise for simplifying and improving the safety, and minimizing the cost of intravascular brachytherapy.
Clock monitoring and control units for navigation satellites (2010)

All signal generation and transmission frequencies in the payload of a navigation satellite are typically derived from a single 10.23 MHz master clock. In case of the current payload architecture of the Galileo or other Navigation System this Master Timing Reference (MTR) is synthesized in a Clock Monitoring and Control Unit (CMCU) based on one single atomic reference. To achieve this, in the current Galileo design the CMCU selects the active clock from a pool of two Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standards (RAFS) and two Passive H-Masers (PHM) and synthesizes the MTR from this source. A second atomic clock is kept in hot redundancy and monitored inside the CMCU for its phase drift against the active clock. However this concept does not provide any protection against misbehaviour of the sole active clock in case of unexpected high frequency drifts or frequency jumps. For this reason future concepts are under investigation at Astrium to derive the MTR simultaneously from multiple atomic clocks by composite clock methods supported by frequency jump detection algorithms. This paper describes the hardware concepts for current CMCUs as well as a next generation CMCU based on composite clock techniques including the multi-channel phase comparison system to provide the input source for the algorithms and the frequency synthesis to generate the MTR output frequency.
Transient flow of highly concentrated suspensions investigated using the ultrasound velocity profiler–pressure difference method (2003)

In the present work, the transient pressure driven shear flow of highly concentrated suspensions was investigated. The authors applied a novel Doppler-based ultrasound velocity profiler (Met-Flow SA)–pressure difference (UVP–PD) methodology (Ouriev B 2000 PhD Thesis Zurich ISBN: 3-905609-11-8, Ouriev B and Windhab E 2002 J. Exp. Fluids 32 204–11), for the investigation of concentrated suspensions in steady and transient flows.