gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Contexts of Context: Broadening Perspectives in the (Re)Use of Qualitative Data (2006)

Questions of ‘context’ are one of the central issues on which debates about re-using qualitative data pivot. Advocates of reuse propose guidelines about how much and what kind of context to include when archiving qualitative data. Sceptics are concerned about the possibility of ever including enough context. The difficulty, if not impossibility, of accessing the context of the production of the original qualitative data is often the issue on which the possibility of re-using qualitative data flounders. Context, and its close companion, reflexivity, are seen as so intrinsic to the process of qualitative research, that without access to these, reuse of qualitative data remains impossible or at best limited. At a moment when the debate over reuse risks becoming increasingly polarised, this paper seeks more fruitful possibilities for reuse, by suggesting that despite persistent ruminations on context, we have not yet paid enough attention to context. Paradoxically the attention to (particular) contexts has excluded attention to other contexts. Certain contexts have been privileged, particularly the context of the original research, which is often reduced to the reflexive production of the data by the researcher. Other contexts are then lost, such as the contemporary context of data (re)generation. The taken-for-grantedness of context in qualitative research has meant that work on context in other domains such as literary theory, cultural studies and history has not been invoked in these dialogues. Yet drawing on this work can enable us to shift attention from context as something static and fixed and bounded, to the process/es of the identification and construction of context. In this way we can understand reusing qualitative data as being about the process of recontextualising data, opening up a more productive notion of reuse and more possibilities of meaning-making from reusing data.
Versican proteolysis mediates myocardial regression during outflow tract development (2007)

An important phase of cardiac outflow tract (OFT) formation is the remodeling of the distal region of the common outlet in which the myocardial sleeve is replaced by with smooth muscle. Here we demonstrate that expression of the proteoglycan versican is reduced before the loss of myocardium from the distal cardiac outlet concomitant with an increase in production of the N-terminal cleavage fragment of versican. To test whether versican proteolysis plays a role in OFT remodeling, we determined the effects of adenoviral-mediated expression of a versican isoform devoid of known matrix metalloproteinase cleavage sites (V3) and an N-terminal fragment of versican (G1). V3 expression promoted an increase in thickness of the proximal OFT myocardial layer independent of proliferation. In contrast, the G1 domain caused thinning and interruptions of the OFT myocardium. These in vivo findings were consistent with findings using cultured primary cardiomyocytes showing that the V3 promoted myocardial cell-cell association while the G1 domain caused a loss of myocardial cell-cell association. Taken together, we conclude that intact versican and G1-containing versican cleavage products have opposing effects on myocardial cells and that versican proteolysis may facilitate the loss of distal myocardium during OFT remodeling.
A NoC-Based High Performance Deadlock Avoidance Routing Algorithm (2008)

To help optimize Network-on-Chip (NoC) communication performance while ensuring deadlock avoidance routing, a high performance deadlock avoidance routing algorithm in routing table based NoC routers is presented, a cycle in channel dependency graph expressing NoCpsilas routing communication can be broken by restricting the routing function of some node while ensuring destination reachability of each communication pair to avoid the deadlock. Performance evaluation is demonstrated that the proposed deadlock avoidance routing algorithm have higher performance.
Introduction: concepts defined and scenes set (1999)

Contemporary Europe presents a complex mixture of obstacles and opportunities for companies, particularly those engaged in cross-border activities. This complexity is important, as a firm's competitiveness is intrinsically linked to the nature and configuration of the market environment and the regulatory framework within which business is transacted. These are in turn shaped by a set of often unco-ordinated policies, emanating from regional, national, and European level governments. Hence, it is essential that corporate managers understand both the content and context of these policies. Familiarity with the policy environment is particularly useful when designing or implementing corporate strategy but is also of relevance to other business functions such as human resource management. In conceptualising the range of policy areas which have a direct impact on corporate activity and performance, we will use the catch-all concept 'industrial policy'. In taking this perspective, we have two main objectives. The first is to advance a clear and comprehensive conceptualisation of modern industrial policy; the second is to illustrate how European industrial policy instruments shape the European business environment and affect the competitiveness of corporate enterprises. For this purpose, the book brings together a number of sectoral experts within a common framework, combining structured reviews of the main relevant areas of policy with a coherent analytical approach.
Cancer immunotherapy with recombinant poliovirus induces IFN-dominant activation of dendritic cells and tumor antigen–specific CTLs (2017)

Tumors thrive in an immunosuppressive microenvironment that impedes antitumor innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, approaches that can overcome immunosuppression and engage antitumor immunity are needed. This study defines the adjuvant and cancer immunotherapy potential of the recombinant poliovirus/rhinovirus chimera PVSRIPO. PVSRIPO is currently in clinical trials against recurrent World Health Organization grade IV malignant glioma, a notoriously treatment-refractory cancer. Cytopathogenic infection of neoplastic cells releases the proteome and exposes pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. At the same time, sublethal infection of antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, yields potent, sustained type I interferon-dominant activation in an immunosuppressed microenvironment and promotes the development of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro and antitumor immunity in vivo. PVSRIPO's immune adjuvancy stimulates canonical innate anti-pathogen inflammatory responses within the tumor microenvironment that culminate in dendritic cell and T cell infiltration. Our findings provide mechanistic evidence that PVSRIPO functions as a potent intratumor immune adjuvant that generates tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.
Polymer Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction (2021)

The nervous system is a significant part of the human body, and peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma can cause various functional disorders. When the broken end defect is large and cannot be repaired by direct suture, small gap sutures of nerve conduits can effectively replace nerve transplantation and avoid the side effect of donor area disorders. There are many choices for nerve conduits, and natural materials and synthetic polymers have their advantages. Among them, the nerve scaffold should meet the requirements of good degradability, biocompatibility, promoting axon growth, supporting axon expansion and regeneration, and higher cell adhesion. Polymer biological scaffolds can change some shortcomings of raw materials by using electrospinning filling technology and surface modification technology to make them more suitable for nerve regeneration. Therefore, polymer scaffolds have a substantial prospect in the field of biomedicine in future. This paper reviews the application of nerve conduits in the field of repairing peripheral nerve injury, and we discuss the latest progress of materials and fabrication techniques of these polymer scaffolds.
The Cadherin Cytoplasmic Domain Is Unstructured in the Absence of β-Catenin (2001)

Cadherins are single pass transmembrane proteins that mediate Ca(2+)-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion by linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells. In adherens junctions, the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins bind to beta-catenin, which in turn binds to the actin-associated protein alpha-catenin. The physical properties of the E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain and its interactions with beta-catenin have been investigated. Proteolytic sensitivity, tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism, and (1)H NMR measurements indicate that murine E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured. Upon binding to beta-catenin, the domain becomes resistant to proteolysis, suggesting that it structures upon binding. Cadherin-beta-catenin complex stability is modestly dependent on ionic strength, indicating that, contrary to previous proposals, the interaction is not dominated by electrostatics. Comparison of 18 cadherin sequences indicates that their cytoplasmic domains are unlikely to be structured in isolation. This analysis also reveals the presence of PEST sequences, motifs associated with ubiquitin/proteosome degradation, that overlap the previously identified beta-catenin-binding site. It is proposed that binding of cadherins to beta-catenin prevents recognition of degradation signals that are exposed in the unstructured cadherin cytoplasmic domain, favoring a cell surface population of catenin-bound cadherins capable of participating in cell adhesion.
A Compendium of Directional Calculations Based on the Minimum-Curvature Method—Part 2: Extension to Steering and Landing Applications (2009)

Summary The point-to-target calculations contained in Part 1 of the compendium (Sawaryn and Thorogood 2005) were restricted to those cases in which the 3D target coordinates were stated explicitly. However, another class of problems exists where the target's structural position is determined indirectly from other constraints defining the arc's orientation. This new paper builds on the earlier work and contains complete details of twelve explicit algorithms, including the calculation of a target on the basis of the toolface at the start or end of an arc and for the landing of a well path parallel to a formation bedding plane. These cases find practical application in computing trajectories of motor runs and in whipstock operations. The curvature of the trajectory landing on a bedding plane varies with direction and has a distinct minimum and maximum. These values may be used either to minimize the distance to the target or to limit the dogleg severity (DLS) to avoid drillpipe fatigue, a concern in short-radius drilling applications. The algorithms add to the compendium and are useful extensions to the engineer's computational toolkit. The paper shows that the trajectories, computed using the minimum-curvature calculation, are contained within the geometric surfaces defined by a torus or cyclide. These geometries explain why the explicit solutions exist, opening up possibilities for obtaining solutions to the more-complex cases.
Development of Fieldable Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Detection of a Broad Array of Targets From Toxicants to Biowarfare Agents (2013)

In today's world, there is an ever growing need for lightweight, portable sensor systems to detect chemical toxicants and biological toxins. The challenges encountered with such detection systems are numerous, as there are a myriad of potential targets in various sample matrices that are often present at trace-level concentrations. At ERDC-CERL, the Lab-on-a-Chip (LoaC) group is working with a number of academic and small business collaborators to develop solutions to meet these challenges. This report will focus on recent advances in three distinct areas: (1) the development of a flexible platform to allow fieldable LoaC analyses of water samples, (2) cell-, organelle-, and synthetic biology-based toxicity sensors, and (3) nanofluidic/microfluidic interface (NMI) sample enrichment devices. To transition LoaC-based sensors from the laboratory bench to the field, a portable hardware system capable of operating a wide variety of microfluidic chip-based assays has been developed. As a demonstration of the versatility of this approach assays for the separation and quantitation of anionic contaminants (i.e., perchlorate), quantitation of heavy metals (Pb and Cd), and cell-based toxicity sensors have been developed and demonstrated. Sensors harboring living cells provide a rapid means of assessing water toxicity. Cell-based sensors exploit the sensitivity of a living cell to discrete changes in its environment to report the presence of toxicants. However, this sensitivity of cells to environmental changes also hinders their usability in nonlaboratory settings. Therefore, isolating intact organelles (i.e., mitochondria) offers a nonliving alternative that preserves the sensitivity of the living cells and allows the electrochemical reporting of the presence of a contaminant. Pursuing a synthetic biology approach has also allowed the development of nonliving reporting mechanisms that utilize engineered biological pathways for novel sensing and remediation applications. To help overcome the challenges associated with the detection of target species at trace-level concentrations, NMIs are being developed for the enrichment of charged species in solution. NMI concentrators can be classified as either electroosmotic flow or electrophoresis-dominant devices. Further advances in electrophoresis-dominant concentrators will aid in the analysis of samples that contain proteins and other substances prone to surface adsorption. These recent advances illustrate how LoaC systems provide a suitable platform for development of fieldable sensors to detect a broad range of chemical/biological pollutants and threats.
MILP-based trajectory generation in Relative Velocity Coordinates (2007)

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) for trajectory generation of mobile robot suffers from nonlinear constraints due to complex obstacle contours and dynamic environment. In this paper, relative velocity coordinates (RVCs) are proposed for solving the target pursuit and multiple-obstacle avoidance (TPMOA) problem. In the proposed RVCs, nonlinear constraints can be inherently described as linear inequalities, which allow MILP to be utilized to find the optimal trajectory satisfying the linear inequalities. The complexity of obstacle contour does not increase the computational load of the proposed approach. Simulation results are presented in comparison with those of evolutionary algorithm (EA), showing significant improvement in a number of aspects.
Effect of dietary phytochemicals on cancer development (review) (1998)

Vegetables, fruits, and whole grains contain a wide variety of phytochemicals that have the potential to modulate cancer development. There are many biologically plausible reasons why consumption of plant foods might slow or prevent the appearance of cancer. These include the presence in plant foods of such potentially anticarcinogenic substances as carotenoids, chlorophyll, flavonoids, indole, isothiocyanate, polyphenolic compounds, protease inhibitors, sulfides, and terpens. The specific mechanisms of action of most phytochemicals in cancer prevention are not yet clear but appear to be varied. Considering the large number and variety of dietary phytochemicals, their interactive effects on cancer risk may be extremely difficult to assess. Phytochemicals can inhibit carcinogenesis by inhibiting phase I enzymes, and induction of phase II enzymes, scavenge DNA reactive agents, suppress the abnormal proliferation of early, preneoplastic lesions, and inhibit certain properties of the cancer cell.
Elevated Levels of Thymidylate Synthase Linked to Neoplastic Transformation of Mammalian Cells (2004)

Thymidylate synthase (TS), an enzyme that is essential for DNA synthesis and repair has been identified as an important biomarker for colorectal and other human cancers. The elevated steady-state levels of TS found in many common human malignancies have been thought to represent a secondary event in tumor formation. However, it has recently been demonstrated that the deregulated levels of ectopic TS may also have a causal effect on tumorgenesis since overexpression of human TS transforms immortalized mammalian cells to a malignant phenotype. Since the levels of TS are regulated by E2F-1 and thus are linked to the cell cycle pathway, regulating TS activity may be an important factor for the control of cell cycle progression and for the development of therapeutic strategies and cancer prevention.
Photodimerization of coumarins in micelles: limitations of alignment effect (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotodimerization of coumarins in micelles: limitations of alignment effectK. Muthuramu, N. Ramnath, and V. RamamurthyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 11, 1872–1876Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00159a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00159a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recommendations for genetic testing to reduce the incidence of anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity (2016)

Existing evidence demonstrates that genetic factors have the potential to improve the discrimination between individuals at higher and lower risk of ACT. Genetic testing may therefore support both patient care decisions and evidence development for an improved prevention of ACT.
Facile synthesis of NaV6O15 nanorods and its electrochemical behavior as cathode material in rechargeable lithium batteries (2009)

A ternary vanadium bronze compound, NaV6O15 (Na0.33V2O5), constructed by highly ordered nanorod structures, was facilely synthesized via a low temperature hydrothermal route using V2O5, H2O2 and NaCl as the precursors. A reaction mechanism involved in present hydrothermal condition was tentatively proposed. The sample was systemically post-treated at different temperatures and well characterized by various techniques. It was found that the prepared NaV6O15 nanorods had a highly crystallined single phase with a preferred c* orientation growth. When used as the cathode material in rechargeable lithium batteries, the NaV6O15 nanorods exhibited stable lithium-ion insertion/deinsertion reversibility and delivered as high as 328 mAh g−1 lithium cycled at the current density of 0.02 A g−1. In galvanostatic cycling test, a specific discharge capacity of around 300 mAh g−1 could be demonstrated for 70 cycles under 0.05 A g−1 current density. According to its unique crystallographic structure and electrochemical characteristics, it is therefore expected that as-prepared NaV6O15 nanorods may be employed as cathode material in rechargeable lithium, sodium-based batteries.
A redox flow lithium battery based on the redox targeting reactions between LiFePO<sub>4</sub>and iodide (2016)

Charge/discharge LiFeO<sub>4</sub>with a single redox species: a Li-I redox flow lithium battery with strikingly high energy density for large-scale energy storage applications.
A Dissection of Overfitting and Generalization in Continuous Reinforcement Learning (2018)

The risks and perils of overfitting in machine learning are well known. However most of the treatment of this, including diagnostic tools and remedies, was developed for the supervised learning case. In this work, we aim to offer new perspectives on the characterization and prevention of overfitting in deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, with a particular focus on continuous domains. We examine several aspects, such as how to define and diagnose overfitting in MDPs, and how to reduce risks by injecting sufficient training diversity. This work complements recent findings on the brittleness of deep RL methods and offers practical observations for RL researchers and practitioners.
Inactivation of σ <sup>E</sup> and σ <sup>G</sup> in <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> Illuminates Their Roles in Clostridial-Cell-Form Biogenesis, Granulose Synthesis, Solventogenesis, and Spore Morphogenesis (2011)

Central to all clostridia is the orchestration of endospore formation (i.e., sporulation) and, specifically, the roles of differentiation-associated sigma factors. Moreover, there is considerable applied interest in understanding the roles of these sigma factors in other stationary-phase phenomena, such as solvent production (i.e., solventogenesis). Here we separately inactivated by gene disruption the major sporulation-specific sigma factors, σ(E) and σ(G), and performed an initial analysis to elucidate their roles in sporulation-related morphogenesis and solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum. The terminal differentiation phenotype for the sigE inactivation mutant stalled in sporulation prior to asymmetric septum formation, appeared vegetative-like often with an accumulation of DNA at both poles, frequently exhibited two longitudinal internal membranes, and did not synthesize granulose. The sigE inactivation mutant did produce the characteristic solvents (i.e., butanol and acetone), but the extent of solventogenesis was dependent on the physiological state of the inoculum. The sigG inactivation mutant stalled in sporulation during endospore maturation, exhibiting engulfment and partial cortex and spore coat formation. Lastly, the sigG inactivation mutant did produce granulose and exhibited wild-type-like solventogenesis.
Revocation in The Video Content Protection System (2006)

VCPS (video copy protection system) protects broadcast flag and copy-once content on DVD+R/+RW (digital versatile disc + recordable/rewritable) media. It provides device revocation using a key block on the media. Based on a statistical model, we analyze the dynamics of the key block size.
Current Treatment of Oligodendrogliomas (1999)

That a neurological review is dedicated specifically to the oligodendroglioma is testimony to a decade of progress. The unique molecular features and chemosensitivity of the oligodendroglioma were not appreciated 10 years ago; yet today, these features merit such interest to clinicians and pathologists alike that the oligodendroglioma is separated from other types of primary brain tumors in both the laboratory and in practice.