gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ApoA-I Mimetic Peptides as Anti-Inflammatory Agents (2005)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and a major component of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. ApoA-I also has been shown to have multiple anti-inflammatory properties including the ability to remove pro-inflammatory lipids, reduce monocyte chemotaxis and spreading, and alter interactions between T-cells and monocytes. A variant of apoA-I, apoA-IMilano, has been shown to reduce plaque volume in human coronary arteries after intravenous infusion. ApoA-IMilano and other forms of human apoA-I contain 243 amino acids. An apoA-I mimetic peptide, D-4F, synthesized from just eighteen D-amino acids has been shown to dramatically reduce atherosclerosis in mouse models after oral administration. After oral administration this peptide caused the formation of pre-β HDL, reduced lipoprotein lipid hydroperoxides, increased paraoxonase activity, rendered HDL anti-inflammatory and significantly increased reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages in apoE null mice. When D-4F was given by injection to LDL receptor null mice infected with influenza A virus, HDL was rendered anti-inflammatory and macrophage trafficking into the arteries of LDL receptor null mice was dramatically reduced. In vitro D-4F caused a shift in cytokine production by human monocytes exposed to human T cells from a Th1 to a Th2 profile and also protected human Type II pneumocytes against influenza A infection. We conclude that apoA-I mimetic peptides have therapeutic potential as antiinflammatory agents.
Isolation and characterization of photosystem 2 PsbR gene and its promoter from drought-tolerant plant Prosopis juliflora (2008)

Prosopis juliflora is a hardy plant tolerant to drought, salinity, extremes of soil pH, and heavy metal stress. We isolated and characterized a photosystem 2 (PS2) gene PsbR (Pj PsbR) and its promoter. Northern analysis for Pj PsbR in P. juliflora leaves under 25 % polyethylene glycol stress showed steady decrease in transcript level at 12, 24, and 48 h after stress application. Under 90 mM H2O2 stress, transcript level dropped drastically at 12 h, but increased again compared to the control at 24 h. A 1.7 kb fragment upstream the 5' UTR of this gene (putative promoter) was isolated and analyzed in silico. Several putative cis-acting DNA elements were identified in this sequence.
Optical MEMS: From Micromirrors to Complex Systems (2014)

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, and surface micromachining in particular, have led to the development of miniaturized optical devices with a substantial impact in a large number of application areas. The reason is the unique MEMS characteristics that are advantageous in fabrication, systems integration, and operation of micro-optical systems. The precision mechanics of MEMS, microfabrication techniques, and optical functionality all make possible a wide variety of movable and tunable mirrors, lenses, filters, and other optical structures. In these systems, electrostatic, magnetic, thermal, and pneumatic actuators provide mechanical precision and control. The large number of electromagnetic modes that can be accommodated by beam-steering micromirrors and diffractive optical MEMS, combined with the precision of these types of elements, is utilized in fiber-optical switches and filters, including dispersion compensators. The potential to integrate optics with electronics and mechanics is a great advantage in biomedical instrumentation, where the integration of miniaturized optical detection systems with microfluidics enables smaller, faster, more-functional, and cheaper systems. The precise dimensions and alignment of MEMS devices, combined with the mechanical stability that comes with miniaturization, make optical MEMS sensors well suited to a variety of challenging measurements. Micro-optical systems also benefit from the addition of nanostructures to the MEMS toolbox. Photonic crystals and microcavities, which represent the ultimate in miniaturized optical components, enable further scaling of optical MEMS.
A 20mW 61dB SNDR (60MHz BW) 1b 3<sup>rd</sup>-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator clocked at 6GHz in 45nm CMOS (2012)

Continuous-Time ΔΣ Modulators are a popular architecture choice for ADCs in deep-submicron processes [1-4]. The maximum sampling rate is set by Excess Loop Delay (ELD) considerations. ELD comprises the comparator latency, feedback DAC delay (DEM delay etc.) and any additional delay due to parasitics. For a wideband 1b modulator clocking at high speeds (multi-GHz), the key challenge is modulator stability due to large ELD set by comparator speed limitations and integrator parasitic poles. This paper describes circuit techniques to minimize ELD and a compensation scheme that ensures modulator stability given a 1-clock-period ELD. These techniques have enabled the design of a 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -order 1b modulator clocked at 6GHz in 45nm CMOS.
Segmented pyroelector detector (1981)

A pyroelectric detector is described which has increased voltage output and improved responsivity over equivalent size detectors. The device comprises a plurality of edge-type pyroelectric detectors which have a length which is much greater than the width of the segments between the edge-type electrodes. External circuitry connects the pyroelectric detector segments in parallel to provide a single output which maintains 50 ohm impedance characteristics.
Robust Semi-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Reprojected\n Distances (2019)

Dense depth estimation from a single image is a key problem in computer\nvision, with exciting applications in a multitude of robotic tasks. Initially\nviewed as a direct regression problem, requiring annotated labels as\nsupervision at training time, in the past few years a substantial amount of\nwork has been done in self-supervised depth training based on strong geometric\ncues, both from stereo cameras and more recently from monocular video\nsequences. In this paper we investigate how these two approaches (supervised &\nself-supervised) can be effectively combined, so that a depth model can learn\nto encode true scale from sparse supervision while achieving high fidelity\nlocal accuracy by leveraging geometric cues. To this end, we propose a novel\nsupervised loss term that complements the widely used photometric loss, and\nshow how it can be used to train robust semi-supervised monocular depth\nestimation models. Furthermore, we evaluate how much supervision is actually\nnecessary to train accurate scale-aware monocular depth models, showing that\nwith our proposed framework, very sparse LiDAR information, with as few as 4\nbeams (less than 100 valid depth values per image), is enough to achieve\nresults competitive with the current state-of-the-art.\n
COLR-Tree: Communication-Efficient Spatio-Temporal Indexing for a Sensor Data Web Portal (2008)

We present COLR-Tree, an abstraction layer designed to support efficient spatio-temporal queries on live data gathered from a large collection of sensors. We use COLR-Tree in a publicly-available sensor web portal to separate the concerns of sensor data management from the web portal application. COLR-Tree uses two techniques to optimize end-to-end latencies of users' queries by minimizing expensive data collection from sensors. First, it uses a novel technique to effectively cache aggregate results computed over sensor data with different expiry times. Second, it incorporates an efficient one-pass sampling algorithm with its range lookup to utilize cached data and compensate for occasional unavailability of sensors. We evaluate our implementation of COLR-Tree on SQL Server 2005 with a real, large workload from Windows Live Local. Our experiments demonstrate that COLR-Tree significantly improves both the end-to-end query performance and the number of sensors accessed compared to existing techniques.
Reactivity of Hypervalent Species: Reactions of Anionic Penta-Coordinated Silicon Complexes towards Nucleophiles (1988)

Abstract The reactivity of anionic penta-coordinated silicon complexes [RSi(O2C6H4-o)2]−Na+ 1 with nucleophilic reagents has been studied. 1 can be reduced to organosilanes RSiH3 by metallic hydrides. Reactions with an excess of Grignard or organolithium reagents (R′MgX or R′Li) gave tetraorganosilanes RSiR′3. When only two molar equivalents of Grignard reagents (R′MgX) or lithium reagents (R′Li) are added to complexs 1 functional silanes RR′2SiX can be prepared.
Design of a tunable, room temperature, continuous-wave terahertz source and detector using silicon waveguides (2008)

We describe the design of a silicon-based source for radiation in the 0.5-14 THz regime. This new class of devices will permit continuously tunable, milliwatt scale, cw, room temperature operation, a substantial advance over currently available technologies. Our silicon terahertz generator consists of a silicon waveguide for near-infrared radiation, contained within a metal waveguide for terahertz radiation. A nonlinear polymer cladding permits two near-infrared lasers to mix, and through difference-frequency generation produces terahertz output. The small dimensions of the design greatly increase the optical fields, enhancing the nonlinear effect. The design can also be used to detect terahertz radiation.
Computational Imaging With Dynamic Metasurfaces: A Recipe for Simple and Low-Cost Microwave Imaging (2022)

We review the evolution of metasurface antennas for computational microwave imaging and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various configurations. As an illustrative example, we examine a computational imaging system comprising dynamic printed metasurface cavities as modular building blocks. These metasurface cavities can generate a multitude of spatially diverse, voltage-controlled illumination patterns, and can therefore encode a scene’s reflectivity distribution into a set of measurements that can be postprocessed to produce an image. These single-port devices act as transmitters (Txs) and/or receivers (Rxs) and can be combined to create an electrically large aperture with a reduced number of (expensive and cumbersome) radio-frequency (RF) components. Here, we present some of the unique possibilities made possible by a dynamic metasurface imager. Specifically, we demonstrate high quality imaging with a reduced bandwidth of operation—as narrow as a single frequency. We then provide performance predictions for the case when dynamic metasurface cavities are used to image humans, as might be relevant in many security-screening applications. We conclude by describing the outlook of metasurfaces for imaging and identifying several future directions.
Pretreatment of coal during transport. [transport of fine coal in a heated tube by entrainment in an oxygen-containing gas to reduce caking power] (1977)

Many available coals are ''caking coals'' which possess the undesirable characteristic of fusing into a solid mass when heated through their plastic temperature range (about 400/sup 0/C) which temperature range is involved in many common treatment processes such as gasification, hydrogenation, carbonization and the like. Unless the caking properties are first destroyed, the coal cannot be satisfactorily used in such processes. A process is disclosed herein for decaking finely divided coal during its transport to the treating zone by propelling the coal entrained in an oxygen-containing gas through a heated transport pipe whereby the separate transport and decaking steps of the prior art are combined into a single step.
Digital Audio Watermarking (2004)

This dissertation describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of an audio watermarking algorithm on the basis of a statistical mathematical model. It shows that even based on contradicting requirements a highly configurable method can be developed suitable for a variety of applications. The design of the basic audio watermarking method, relying on hypothesis testing, is motivated by a detailed discussion of possible application scenarios and corresponding boundary conditions determining algorithmic parameters. Several extensions of the basic algorithm to enable embedding of n bits of information and multiple non-interfering watermarks are presented as necessary for the applicability of the method in certain applications. The performance of the watermarking algorithm judged in terms of quality of the watermarked tracks and the robustness of the embedded watermarks has been improved in several ways: To ensure the quality of watermarked audio signals, the integration of a psychoacoustic model is presented, which can easily be adapted to new developments of more sophisticated models. Improvements on the robustness compared to the basic method are demonstrated both on the watermark encoder and detector. To permit an exhaustive evaluation of the method in terms of quality of the watermarked audio tracks, methods used in the evaluation of high quality lossy compression audio coders have been investigated and adapted to the watermarking problem. Both subjective listening tests and objective measurement standards have been applied to the watermarked tracks in order to verify the obtained quality, which was validated by a comparison to audio tracks compressed via the MPEG 1 Layer III standard. A general approach for a risk analysis of watermarking applications is presented, analyzing possible attacks during the deployment of watermarking methods. This is supported by a categorization of attacks on watermarking systems based on their effect during watermark detection and the assumptions made about attackers. According to this classification, the robustness and the security of the watermarks has been demonstrated by a detailed evaluation of the method with regard to removal, de-synchronization, embedding and false alarms attacks.
Improvement and Biological Applications of Fluorescent Probes for Zinc, ZnAFs (2002)

The development and cellular applications of novel fluorescent probes for Zn2+, ZnAF-1F, and ZnAF-2F are described. Fluorescein is used as a fluorophore of ZnAFs, because its excitation and emission wavelengths are in the visible range, which minimizes cell damage and autofluorescence by excitation light. N,N-Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, used as an acceptor for Zn2+, is attached directly to the benzoic acid moiety of fluorescein, resulting in very low quantum yields of 0.004 for ZnAF-1F and 0.006 for ZnAF-2F under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) due to the photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism. Upon the addition of Zn2+, the fluorescence intensity is quickly increased up to 69-fold for ZnAF-1F and 60-fold for ZnAF-2F. Apparent dissociation constants (Kd) are in the nanomolar range, which affords sufficient sensitivity for biological applications. ZnAFs do not fluoresce in the presence of other biologically important cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+, and are insensitive to change of pH. The complexes with Zn2+ of previously developed ZnAFs, ZnAF-1, and ZnAF-2 decrease in fluorescence intensity below pH 7.0 owing to protonation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of fluorescein, whose pKa value is 6.2. On the other hand, the Zn2+ complexes of ZnAF-1F and ZnAF-2F emit stable fluorescence around neutral and slightly acidic conditions because the pKa values are shifted to 4.9 by substitution of electron-withdrawing fluorine at the ortho position of the phenolic hydroxyl group. For application to living cells, the diacetyl derivative of ZnAF-2F, ZnAF-2F DA, was synthesized. ZnAF-2F DA can permeate through the cell membrane, and is hydrolyzed by esterase in the cytosol to yield ZnAF-2F, which is retained in the cells. Using ZnAF-2F DA, we could measure the changes of intracellular Zn2+ in cultured cells and hippocampal slices.
Efficacy of Antigonococcal CMP-Nonulosonate Therapeutics Require Cathelicidins (2020)

Novel therapies to counteract multidrug-resistant gonorrhea are urgently needed. A unique gonococcal immune evasion strategy involves capping of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with sialic acid by gonococcal sialyltransferase (Lst), utilizing host-derived CMP-sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac in humans). LOS sialylation renders gonococci resistant to complement and cationic peptides, and down-regulates the inflammatory response by engaging siglecs. CMP-sialic acid analogs (CMP-nonulosonates [CMP-NulOs]) such as CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 and CMP-Kdn are also utilized by Lst. Incorporation of these NulO analogs into LOS maintains gonococci susceptible to complement. Intravaginal administration of CMP-Kdn or CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 attenuates gonococcal colonization of mouse vaginas. Here, we identify a key mechanism of action for the efficacy of CMP-NulOs. Surprisingly, CMP-NulOs remained effective in complement C1q-/- and C3-/- mice. LOS Neu5Ac, but not Leg5,7Ac2 or Kdn, conferred resistance to the cathelicidins LL-37 (human) and mouse cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide in vitro. CMP-NulOs were ineffective in Camp-/- mice, revealing that cathelicidins largely mediate the efficacy of therapeutic CMP-NulOs.
Lunar Oxygen Production from Ilmenite (1985)

Carbotek has developed a process for oxygen production from ilmenite-rich lunar deposits to support lunar base operations and large-volume propulsion needs. The reduction of iron oxide in ilmenite by hydrogen at elevated temperatures in a fluidized-bed reactor yields water vapor which is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and hydrogen which is returned to the reactor. Mining and process equipment are powered by nuclear or solar means. Reaction rate, thermodynamic equilibrium, and lunar-gravity fluidization behavior are key factors which have been considered in the development activity.
Merging Agents and Cloud Services in Industrial Applications (2014)

A novel idea to combine agent technology and cloud computing for monitoring a plant floor system is presented. Cloud infrastructure has been leveraged as the main mechanism for hosting the data and processing needs of a modern industrial information system. The cloud offers unlimited storage and data processing in a near real-time fashion. This paper presents a software-as-a-service (SaaS) architecture for augmenting industrial plant-floor reporting capabilities. This reporting capability has been architected using networked agents, worker roles, and scripts for building a scalable data pipeline and analytics system.
XIAO (2012)

During software development, engineers often reuse a code fragment via copy-and-paste with or without modifications or adaptations. Such practices lead to a number of the same or similar code fragments spreading within one or many large codebases. Detecting code clones has been shown to be useful towards security such as detection of similar security bugs and, more generally, quality improvement such as refactoring of code clones. A large number of academic research projects have been carried out on empirical studies or tool supports for detecting code clones. In this paper, we report our experiences of carrying out successful technology transfer of our new approach of code-clone detection, called XIAO. XIAO has been integrated into Microsoft Visual Studio 2012, to be benefiting a huge number of developers in industry. The main success factors of XIAO include its high tunability, scalability, compatibility, and explorability. Based on substantial industrial experiences, we present the XIAO approach with emphasis on these success factors of XIAO. We also present empirical results on applying XIAO on real scenarios within Microsoft for the tasks of security-bug detection and refactoring.
Preserving the adhesion of catechol-conjugated hydrogels by thiourea–quinone coupling (2016)

Mussel adhesion has inspired the development of catechol-based adhesive polymers. However, conventional strategies require basic pH conditions and lead to the loss of adhesion. To solve the problem, we report the first attempt to use thiourea-functionalized polymers for preserving hydrogel adhesion. We believe that this simple thiourea-quinone coupling chemistry is instrumental to synthetic adhesive materials.
An Efficient Framework for the Conversion of Fault Trees to Diagnostic Bayesian Network Models (2006)

Complex aerospace systems' cannot afford downtime to diagnose problems $the interruption of mission critical functions and prohibitive cost of lost business are unacceptable. Such systems are characterized by having many components and require a team of experts to diagnose problems after they occur or to assemble a knowledge database suitable for rapid model based diagnostics. In this paper we present an efficient and largely automated method for developing diagnostic Bayesian network models. The models are created by exploiting existing domain knowledge in the form of reliability fault trees and diagnostic observation lists. The algorithms for conversion of the trees and databases into Bayesian network models have been embedded in a C++ software tool and tested on examples of fault trees ranging from 10 to 800 nodes, which were developed for satellite systems
Cannabidiol attenuates experimental autoimmune hepatitis by inducing accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in liver (140.4) (2010)

Abstract Immune-mediated liver diseases are a major health problem worldwide. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid from hemp plant, modulates immune function and has shown therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory diseases. We studied the effects of CBD in a mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis induced by ConA. Administration of CBD after ConA challenge significantly suppressed hepatitis in a dose-dependent manner as shown by decreased aspartate transaminase levels and reduced liver injury. CBD also suppressed crucial inflammatory cytokines. Phenotypic analysis of infiltrating cells revealed that CBD acted by inducing arginase-expressing CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in liver. Depletion of MDSCs using anti-Gr1 mAb reversed the protective effect of CBD. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of purified MDSCs in to naïve mice conferred partial resistance to ConA-hepatitis. CBD-induced MDSCs could effectively suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Using vanilloid receptor-deficient Trpv1-/- mice, we observed that CBD acted independently of this receptor in the current model. Interestingly, CBD caused a robust induction of CD11b+Gr1+ MDSCs in the peritoneum which was completely blocked by PPAR-γ inhibitor and was attenuated in mast cell-deficient mice, suggesting that mechanistically, CBD may act through transcription factor PPAR-γ on tissue mast cells thus activating them to release specific mediators resulting in the migration and expansion of MDSCs.
Production of Maltase by Wild-Type and a Constitutive Mutant of <i>Saccharomyces italicus</i> (1982)

The production of maltase, an inducible and repressible catabolic enzyme in Saccharomyces italicus, was studied and compared in batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentations. Tight genetic controls on maltase synthesis limited the effect of environmental manipulations such as fed-batch or continuous culture in enhancement of maltase synthesis, and neither approach was able to improve the performance above the batch process for maltase production. S. italicus was mutated, and a constitutive producer of maltase was isolated. The mutant was detected by its ability to grow on sucrose, which is a noninducing substrate that is hydrolyzed by maltase; S. italicus does not possess invertase and will not normally grow on sucrose. Maltase production by this mutant was studied during growth on sucrose in batch and continuous cultures and marked improvement in enzyme productivity was observed. The specific activity of maltase produced by this mutant was more than twice that of the parent wild type: 2,210 and 1,370 U/g of cells for the mutant versus 890 and 510 U/g of cells for the wild type in batch and continuous cultures, respectively. Maltase specific productivity was increased from 74 to 288 U/g of cells per h by switching from batch growth of the wild type to continuous cultivation of the mutant.