gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on unsupervised speaker adaptation based on sufficient HMM statictics of selected speakers (2001)

This paper describes an efficient method of unsupervised speaker adaptation. This method is based on (1) selecting a subset of speakers who are acoustically close to a test speaker, and (2) calculating adapted model parameters according to the previously stored sufficient statistics of the selected speakers’ data. In this method, only a few unsupervised test speaker’s data are necessary for the adaptation. Also, by using the sufficient HMM statistics of the selected speakers’ data, a quick adaptation can be done. Compared with a pre-clustering method, the proposed method can obtain a more optimal cluster because the clustering result is determined according to test speaker’s data on-line. Experimental results show that the proposed method attains better improvement than MLLR from the speaker-independent model. The proposed method is evaluated in details and discussed.
Calcium Regulation in Plant Cells and its Role in Signaling (1995)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
The word made flesh: law, literature and ethical responsiveness in Daniel Berrigan's The Trial of the Catonsville nine (2010)

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es analizar El juicio de los nueve de Catonsville en el contexto de la corriente Derecho y Literatura, que pone de relieve el caracter textual de la ley y el papel de la literatura en el cuestionamiento de lo legal. Se prestara especial atencion a la interseccion entre un tipo de representacion literaria de lo legal y la etica deconstructiva inspirada en Levinas y Derrida. Al privilegiar el espiritu sobre la letra de la ley, el Decir sobre lo Dicho, lo Infinito sobre la Totalidad, la obra de Berrigan pone al descubierto el caracter deconstructible de la legalidad y posibilita un espacio en el que la ley puede aspirar hacia la justicia. Recurrire tambien a la etica de la sensibilidad de Gibson, en su faceta interpersonal y textual, para estudiar el papel del exceso y la vulnerabilidad en este alegato contra la Guerra del Vietnam. EnglishThe aim of this article is to analyse Berrigan’s play The Trial of the Catonsville Nine in the context of the Law and Literature movement, a field of studies that underlines the textual character of the law and the role of literature in interrogating the legal. Particular attention will be paid to the intersection between a certain literary representation of the legal and the tenets of a deconstructive mode of ethics inspired by Levinas and Derrida. By privileging the spirit over the letter of the law, the Saying over the Said, Infinity over Totality, Berrigan’s work exposes the deconstructible nature of legality and opens up a space in which the law can aspire towards justice. I will also draw on Gibson’s ethics of sensibility both in its personal and textual sides in order to investigate the role of excess and vulnerability in this plea against the Vietnam War.
Spatial and Temporal Analyses of Bacterial Blight of Onion Caused by <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>allii</i> (2004)

ABSTRACT Bacterial blight of onion is a severe disease, which emerged over the past decade in several onion-producing areas. This disease currently is observed in both the Old and New Worlds. Although the causative agent, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is potentially seedborne, seed transmission and significance of seedborne initial inoculum for the development of bacterial blight of onion previously has not been assessed. This article describes experimental work designed to evaluate the biological importance of seedborne X. axonopodis pv. allii as an initial inoculum source, and examine the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease. Over 3 years, outbreaks of bacterial blight of onion always were induced in experimental plots sown with naturally contaminated seed lots, with a contamination rate determined as 0.04%. Analyses of disease patterns indicated a likely seedborne origin for the inoculum associated with the early stages of epidemics. Spatial analyses performed with several statistical methods indicated aggregated patterns of disease incidence data. Primary foci enlarged over time, and a few distinct secondary foci sometimes were established after occurrence of wind-driven rains (with gusts up to 15 m s(-1)). Distances between primary and secondary foci ranged from less than 1 m (satellite foci) to 25 m. It remains possible that longdistance dispersal of inoculum was at least partly involved in the later stages of epidemics.
Antioxidant enzyme activities in normal and transformed mouse liver cells (1989)

Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX, both Se-dependent and Se-independent), and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in normal, nitrosoguanidine-transformed and SV40-transformed mouse liver cells in culture, as well as in mouse liver homogenates. Enzyme activities were compared on the basis of 3 different endpoints: per mg protein, per mg DNA, and per 10(6) cells. Except for GR, activity of all the measured anti-oxidant enzymes was much higher in vivo than in vitro. All of the anti-oxidant enzyme activities were lower in general in the 2 transformed cell lines than in the in vitro normal cell line, except Cu-ZnSOD, which showed little change. However, MnSOD was the only enzyme which showed lowered activity in both transformed cell lines, no matter what endpoint was used. This finding is in agreement with previous work showing lowered MnSOD activity in tumor cells.
LUNG INFECTION CAUSED BY <i>RHODOCOCCUS</i> (1988)

We report a case of lung infection, clinically resembling tuberculosis, caused by Rhodococcus rubropertinctus. The patient had no apparent immunosuppression which is unusual for disease caused by the 'rhodochrous' complex. The infection responded successfully to oral anti-tuberculous therapy, which included rifampicin, and to oral tetracycline.
Interpretation of the common-emitter offset voltage in heterojunction bipolar transistors (2001)

The offset voltage in heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) can be read graphically from a plot combining the forward Gummel and reverse Gummel plots. We use a Gummel-Poon model to show when this graphical construction works, and illustrate the method with measurements for InP/InGaAs double HBTs.
Online Planning for Target Object Search in Clutter under Partial Observability (2019)

The problem of finding and grasping a target object in a cluttered, uncertain environment, target object search, is a common and important problem in robotics. One key challenge is the uncertainty of locating and recognizing each object in a cluttered environment due to noisy perception and occlusions. Furthermore, the uncertainty in localization makes manipulation difficult and uncertain. To cope with these challenges, we formulate the target object search task as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), enabling the robot to reason about perceptual and manipulation uncertainty while searching. To further address the manipulation difficulty, we propose Parameterized Action Partially Observable Monte-Carlo Planning (PA-POMCP), an algorithm that evaluates manipulation actions by taking into account the effect of the robot's current belief on the success of the action execution. In addition, a novel run-time initial belief generator and a state value estimator are introduced in this paper to facilitate the PA-POMCP algorithm. Our experiments show that our methods solve the target object search task in settings where simpler methods either take more object movements or fail.
Low-temperature conversion of high-moisture biomass: Topical report, January 1984--January 1988 (1988)

Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is developing a low-temperature, catalytic process that converts high-moisture biomass feedstocks and other wet organic substances to useful gaseous and liquid fuels. The advantage of this process is that it works without the need for drying or dewatering the feedstock. Conventional thermal gasification processes, which require temperatures above 750/degree/C and air or oxygen for combustion to supply reaction heat, generally cannot utilize feedstocks with moisture contents above 50 wt %, as the conversion efficiency is greatly reduced as a result of the drying step. For this reason, anaerobic digestion or other bioconversion processes traditionally have been used for gasification of high-moisture feedstocks. However, these processes suffer from slow reaction rates and incomplete carbon conversion. 50 refs., 21 figs., 22 tabs.
The role of polyamine catabolism in polyamine analogue-induced programmed cell death (1997)

N1-ethyl-N11-[(cyclopropyl)methyl]-4,8,-diazaundecane (CPENSpm) is a polyamine analogue that represents a new class of antitumor agents that demonstrate phenotype-specific cytotoxic activity. However, the precise mechanism of its selective cytotoxic activity is not known. CPENSpm treatment results in the superinduction of the polyamine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) in sensitive cell types and has been demonstrated to induce programmed cell death (PCD). The catalysis of polyamines by the SSAT/polyamine oxidase (PAO) pathway produces H2O2 as one product, suggesting that PCD produced by CPENSpm may be, in part, due to oxidative stress as a result of H2O2 production. In the sensitive human nonsmall cell line H157, the coaddition of catalase significantly reduces high molecular weight (HMW) DNA (>/=50 kb) and nuclear fragmentation. Important to note, specific inhibition of PAO by N,N'-bis(2, 3-butadienyl)-1,4-butane-diamine results in a significant reduction of the formation of HMW DNA and nuclear fragmentation. In contrast, the coaddition of catalase or PAO inhibitor has no effect on reducing HMW DNA fragmentation induced by N1-ethyl-N11-[(cycloheptyl)methyl]-4,8,-diazaundecane, which does not induce SSAT and does not deplete intracellular polyamines. These results strongly suggest that H2O2 production by PAO has a role in CPENSpm cytotoxicity in sensitive cells via PCD and demonstrate a potential basis for differential sensitivity to this promising new class of antineoplastic agents. Furthermore, the data suggest a general mechanism by which, under certain stimuli, cells can commit suicide through catabolism of the ubiquitous intracellular polyamines.
Synthesis and characterization of maleic anhydride derived crosslinkable polymers for nonlinear optical applications (2000)

The synthesis and characterization of maleate type crosslinkable nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers derived form maleic anhydride and fumaryl chloride is described. Preliminary results demonstrated this is a convenient, inexpensive, and versatile method of fabricating crosslinked NLO polymer thin films. These maleate type polyesters containing NLO chromophores such as Disperse Red 19 are capable of crosslinking to form a hardened lattice under thermal or high-energy radiation conditions. Crosslinking is a critical nano-scale technique for second order nonlinear optical as well as other potential photonic applications where molecular orientations need to be aligned and be stabilized against molecular thermal motions. Photolithographic techniques may be readily employed in this system to fabricate patterned polymer waveguide.
Relation between common polymorphisms in genes related to inflammatory response and colorectal cancer (2006)

The association between common SNPs in immunologic response-related genes and CRC is reported in the present study. Apart from shedding light on the mechanisms of malignancy initiation and progression, SNPs may improve appropriate screening for sub-populations at risk.
Effect of Molecular Manipulation on the Estrogenic Activity of a Brain-Targeting Estradiol Chemical Delivery System (1994)

The structural parameters important for biological efficacy of an estradiol chemical delivery system (CDS), a brain-targeting approach based on redox trapping, were examined by molecular manipulation of a prototype derivative, estradiol 17-(1-methyl-1, 4-dihydronicotinate) (E2-CDS). Seven E2-CDS analogs in which the N-methyl substituent was altered were prepared including N-substituted short and medium straight chain alkyl, short branched chain alkyl, and aralkyl derivatives. Chemical and in vitro testing indicated that the most stable derivative was the N-benzyl E2-CDS. The analogs were tested in an intact male rat model to assess various central estrogenic manifestations including the rate of body weight gain, serum E2 and testosterone concentrations, and seminal vesicle, prostate and pituitary weight changes. Results indicated that all prepared CDS derivatives exerted some degree of central estrogenization with the most potent compounds being the parent E2-CDS and its ethyl homologue. Importantly, while the ethyl E2-CDS was equipotent to E2-CDS in various biological assays, it did not significantly elevate serum E2 compared to vehicle control at day 14.
Incidencia de la metodología Macoba en el aprendizaje de las operaciones básicas en matemáticas (2021)

Las matemáticas siempre han ocupado un lugar importante en la evolución del ser humano y se encuentran inmersas en todos los avances tecnológicos que se han presentado en la sociedad con el paso de los años, esto hace que los docentes deban darle la importancia que merecen con el objetivo de brindar una enseñanza de calidad que cumpla las expectativas y necesidades actuales. Sin embargo, los resultados de las pruebas de estado en Colombia indican que las áreas asociadas a las matemáticas se encuentran con estándares de desempeño bajos, principalmente causadas por contextos inadecuados para el aprendizaje, falta de motivación del estudiantado y una enseñanza poco efectiva en el área (MEN, 2016). En el grado tercero de la Institución Educativa Técnico Rafael García Herreros se identificó bajo rendimiento y dificultades en el aprendizaje de las operaciones básicas en matemáticas, principalmente en la falta de bases conceptuales claras y poca comprensión de su aplicabilidad en situaciones problema, así mismo, a partir del crecimiento e integración de las tecnologías en la educación se hace evidente que la incorporación de estrategias interactivas en la enseñanza tiene el potencial de facilitar y motivar al estudiante frente a sus procesos de aprendizaje. Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación, fue analizar la incidencia de la metodología MACOBA en el aprendizaje de las operaciones básicas matemáticas de los estudiantes del grado 3-2 de la IE Técnico Rafael García Herreros, buscando que, a partir de la metodología planteada y la aplicación de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVAS), los estudiantes fortalezcan las falencias presentadas, puesto que, es claro que de continuar esta problemática, pueda sentar bases inadecuadas para el aprendizaje en niveles de matemática superiores. El estudio se desarrolló mediante el enfoque de investigación cualitativa y el diseño de investigación - acción, soportándose en el modelo de Kemmis y McTaggar (1988), con una propuesta diseñada desde la Metodología de Aprendizaje Colaborativo para la Producción y Consumo de Objetos de Aprendizaje - MACOBA (Margain, Muñoz, & Alvarez, 2009). De acuerdo al análisis de los resultados arrojados por los instrumentos, se observan avances en el interés y motivación hacia el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, comprenden mejor la temática a través de la actividad didáctica interactiva en la aplicación inicial de los OVAS mostrando avances en su desarrollo y aplicación. Una de las dificultades importantes para la aplicación de la estrategia fue el proceso de alternancia instaurado por el colegio que no permitió que todos los estudiantes del grado participaran de la propuesta, sin embargo, se sugiere que en años posteriores pueda implementarse la estrategia planteada en otros grados y con la totalidad de estudiantes.
Purification and Properties of myo-Inositol-1-Phosphatase from Rat Brain (1985)

myo-Inositol-1-phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.25] was purified from a cytosolic fraction of rat brain. The purified enzyme appeared homogeneous on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its molecular weight was estimated to be 29,000. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 55,000 as determined by molecular sieve chromatography. These values indicated that the native enzyme was composed of two identical subunits. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.6. The enzyme hydrolyzed inositol-1-phosphate, 2'-AMP, 2'-GMP, beta-glycerophosphate, and alpha-glycerophosphate; the ratio of the reaction rates was 100 : 84 : 73 : 64 : 32. The Km values for inositol-1-phosphate, 2'-AMP, and beta-glycerophosphate were 1.2 X 10(-4) M, 1.9 X 10(-4) M, and 7.7 X 10(-4) M, respectively. Mn2+ and Ca2+ were strong competitive inhibitors against Mg2+, with Ki values of 3 microM and 20 microM, respectively. This result suggests that myo-inositol-1-phosphatase might be regulated by intracellular Ca2+ and/or Mn2+. Li+, which is known to show a therapeutic effect on manic-depressive disease and also to prolong the intrinsic periods of circadian rhythms in various organisms, was a potent uncompetitive inhibitor and inhibited 50% of the activity at 1 mM. The possibility that myo-inositol-1-phosphatase and inositol phospholipid metabolism are involved in circadian rhythm oscillation is discussed in terms of Li actions.
Atom-by-atom assembly (2014)

Atomic manipulation using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip enables the construction of quantum structures on an atom-by-atom basis, as well as the investigation of the electronic and dynamical properties of individual atoms on a one-atom-at-a-time basis. An STM is not only an instrument that is used to 'see' individual atoms by means of imaging, but is also a tool that is used to 'touch' and 'take' the atoms, or to 'hear' their movements. Therefore, the STM can be considered as the 'eyes', 'hands' and 'ears' of the scientists, connecting our macroscopic world to the exciting atomic world. In this article, various STM atom manipulation schemes and their example applications are described. The future directions of atomic level assembly on surfaces using scanning probe tips are also discussed.
Expression and function of β-tubulin isotypes in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1989)

The availability of isotype-specific antisera for beta-tubulin, coupled with genetic and biochemical analysis, has allowed the determination of beta-tubulin isotype expression and distribution in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Using genetic manipulations involving selection for colcemid resistance followed by reversion and reselection for drug resistance, we have succeeded in isolating cell lines that exhibit three major and one minor beta-tubulin spots by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In concert with isotype-specific antibodies, analysis of these mutants demonstrates that CHO cells express two copies of isotype I, at least one copy of isotype IV, and very small amounts of isotype V. All three isotypes assemble into both cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules and are similar in their responses to cold, colcemid, and calcium-induced depolymerization. They have comparable turnover rates and are equally sensitive to depression of synthesis upon colchicine treatment. These results suggest that beta-tubulin isotypes are used interchangeably to assemble microtubule structures in CHO cells. However, of 18 colcemid-resistant mutants with a demonstrable alteration in beta-tubulin, all were found to have the alteration in isotype I, thus leaving open the possibility that subtle differences in isotype properties may exist.
Treatment of Enteropathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>Diarrhea in Cancer Patients: A Series of Three Cases (2018)

Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (EPEC) is a common cause of watery diarrhea in children in the developing world and an infrequent cause of significant diarrhea in adult patients. EPEC diarrhea, while not commonly seen in cancer patients, can cause significant distress to patients, and antimicrobial choice for this condition in this patient population is not clearly delineated in the literature. We report 3 cases of EPEC diarrhea in cancer patients and discuss the use of azithromycin for successful treatment of these patients. Positive outcomes were seen while using azithromycin in our first two patients and ciprofloxacin in our third patient.
On reverse engineering an object-oriented code into UML class diagrams incorporating extensible mechanisms (2008)

Reverse engineering is the key idea for reconstruction of any existing system. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to reverse engineer an object-oriented code into Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram. Our algorithm is very general in nature and can be applied to any object-oriented code irrespective of the object-oriented programming language. In our paper we consider an object-oriented pseudocode similar to C++ to implement our algorithm. Some of the researchers have dealt in the past the problem of reverse engineering an object-oriented code to UML class diagrams. However, none of these researchers have treated all the constructs available in UML class diagrams. Unlike the previously done work on reverse engineering into UML, our algorithm generates rules for a complete set of constructs available in UML class diagrams. It includes classes, relationships, objects, attributes, operations, inheritance, associations, interfaces & other extensible mechanisms also. This algorithm can be viewed as a solution to reverse engineer any available object-oriented software. An application for the implementation of above said rules using C++ code is also included in the paper. We thoroughly compare our work with the similar type of earlier work in this area and uncover the deficiencies in these previous available works. Moreover our motive in this paper is to prepare rules to reverse engineer C++ code into UML class diagrams and not to generate any tools.
China - Measures Imposing Anti-Dumping Duties On High-Performance Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes From Japan: China - Measures Imposing Anti-Dumping Duties On High-Performance Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes From The European Union: Reports of the Appellate Body (2017)

Japan and China each appeals certain issues of law and legal interpretations developed in the Panel Report, China – Measures Imposing Anti-Dumping Duties on High-Performance Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes (“HP-SSST”) from Japan, WT/DS454/R (Japan Panel Report); and China and the European Union each appeals certain issues of law and legal interpretations developed in the Panel Report, China – Measures Imposing Anti-Dumping Duties on High-Performance Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes (“HP-SSST”) from the European Union, WT/DS460/R (EU Panel Report).