gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SampleCNN: End-to-End Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Using Very Small Filters for Music Classification (2018)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been applied to diverse machine learning tasks for different modalities of raw data in an end-to-end fashion. In the audio domain, a raw waveform-based approach has been explored to directly learn hierarchical characteristics of audio. However, the majority of previous studies have limited their model capacity by taking a frame-level structure similar to short-time Fourier transforms. We previously proposed a CNN architecture which learns representations using sample-level filters beyond typical frame-level input representations. The architecture showed comparable performance to the spectrogram-based CNN model in music auto-tagging. In this paper, we extend the previous work in three ways. First, considering the sample-level model requires much longer training time, we progressively downsample the input signals and examine how it affects the performance. Second, we extend the model using multi-level and multi-scale feature aggregation technique and subsequently conduct transfer learning for several music classification tasks. Finally, we visualize filters learned by the sample-level CNN in each layer to identify hierarchically learned features and show that they are sensitive to log-scaled frequency.
0.78- and 0.98-μm ridge-waveguide lasers buried with AlGaAs confinement layer selectively grown by chloride-assisted MOCVD (1995)

The 0.78- and 0.98-/spl mu/m buried-ridge AlGaAs laser diodes (LD's) with a high Al-content AlGaAs confinement layer selectively grown by using a Cl-assisted MOCVD are demonstrated. By employing the AlGaAs confinement layer, the threshold current and the slope efficiency of the 0.78-/spl mu/m LD are improved by /spl sim/40%, compared to those of the conventional loss-guided LD with the GaAs confinement layer. In addition, the stable fundamental mode up to 150 mW and the small astigmatic distance less than 1 /spl mu/m are obtained. The 0.78-/spl mu/m LD also shows the excellent high-power and high-temperature characteristic such as 100 mW CW operation at 100/spl deg/C and the reliable 2,000-hour operation under the condition of 60/spl deg/C and 55 mW. In the 0.98-/spl mu/m LD, the narrow beam with the low aspect ratio of 1.86 and the stable fundamental transverse mode over 200 mW are exhibited. As a result, the 0.98-/spl mu/m LD realizes the high fiber-coupled-power of 148 mW. Moreover, the high-power and high-temperature operation of 150 mW at 90/spl deg/C is obtained. In the preliminary aging test, the LD's have been stably operating for over 900 hours under the condition of 50/spl deg/C and 100 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prevention of SQL Injection attack using query transformation and hashing (2013)

In this Internet age, web applications have become an integral part of our lives, but security and privacy of our sensitive data has become a big concern. Over last several years, SQL Injection has been the most prevalent form of attack on web databases. Much research has been done in this area, but most of the approaches in the literature have high computational overhead or difficult to deploy in practical scenarios. In this paper we have proposed a lightweight approach to prevent SQL Injection attacks by a novel query transformation scheme and hashing. We implemented it on a prototype e-commerce application and the results of our experiments show that it can successfully and efficiently block a variety of SQL Injection attempts. This approach can also be easily implemented on any language or database platform with little modification.
A SELECTIVE REPLACEMENT METHOD FOR TIMING-ERROR-PREDICTING FLIP-FLOPS (2012)

The aggressive technology scaling brings us new challenges, such as parameter variations, soft errors, and device wearout. They increase unreliability of transistors and thus will become a serious problem in SoC designs. The design margin in the supply voltage will be overestimated, which results in large power consumption. To eliminate the waste power consumption due to the overestimated power supply voltage, spatial redundancy is commonly utilized. Based on the spatial redundancy, a lot of dual-sensing flip-flops (FFs) are proposed. These FFs require additional circuits consisting of a redundant FF and a comparator. Thus, they suffer large area overhead. In order to reduce the area overhead, this paper proposes a selective replacement method. We focus our attention on a timing-error-predicting FF, named Canary FF and evaluate the selective replacement method. We apply it to two commercial processors, Toshiba's MeP and Renesas Electronics's M32R. In the case of MeP, the area overhead is reduced from 55% to 11%.
Update on the Diagnosis and Classification of Fetal Growth Restriction and Proposal of a Stage-Based Management Protocol (2014)

Small fetuses are defined as those with an ultrasound estimated weight below a threshold, most commonly the 10th centile. The first clinically relevant step is the distinction of 'true' fetal growth restriction (FGR), associated with signs of abnormal fetoplacental function and poorer perinatal outcome, from constitutional small-for-gestational age, with a near-normal perinatal outcome. Nowadays such a distinction should not be based solely on umbilical artery Doppler, since this index detects only early-onset severe forms. FGR should be diagnosed in the presence of any of the factors associated with a poorer perinatal outcome, including Doppler cerebroplacental ratio, uterine artery Doppler, a growth centile below the 3rd centile, and, possibly in the near future, maternal angiogenic factors. Once the diagnosis is established, differentiating into early- and late-onset FGR is useful mainly for research purposes, because it distinguishes two clear phenotypes with differences in severity, association with preeclampsia, and the natural history of fetal deterioration. As a second clinically relevant step, management of FGR and the decision to deliver aims at an optimal balance between minimizing fetal injury or death versus the risks of iatrogenic preterm delivery. We propose a protocol that integrates current evidence to classify stages of fetal deterioration and establishes follow-up intervals and optimal delivery timings, which may facilitate decisions and reduce practice variability in this complex clinical condition.
Energy conditions and supernovae observations (2006)

In general relativity, the energy conditions are invoked to restrict general energy-momentum tensors ${T}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ on physical grounds. We show that in the standard Friedmann--Lema\^{\i}tre--Robertson--Walker (FLRW) approach to cosmological modeling where the equation of state of the cosmological fluid is unknown, the energy conditions provide model-independent bounds on the behavior of the distance modulus of cosmic sources as a function of the redshift. We use both the gold and the legacy samples of current type Ia supenovae to carry out a model-independent analysis of the energy conditions violation in the context of standard cosmology.
Estimating Functions of Probability Distributions From A Finite Set of Samples (1993)

Part II: Bayes Estimators for Mutual Information, Chi-Squared, Covariance, and other Statistics. This paper is the second in a series of two on the problem of estimating a function of a probability distribution from a finite set of samples of that distribution. In the first paper, the Bayes estimator for a function of a probability distribution was introduced, the optimal properties of the Bayes estimator were discussed, and Bayes and frequency-counts estimators for the Shannon entropy were derived and graphically contrasted. In the current paper the analysis of the first paper is extended by the derivation of Bayes estimators for several other functions of interest in statistics and information theory. These functions are (powers of) the mutual information, chisquared for tests of independence, variance, covariance, and average. Finding Bayes estimators for several of these functions requires extensions to the analytical techniques developed in the first paper, and these extensions form the main body of this paper. This paper extends the analysis in other ways as well, for example by enlarging the class of potential priors beyond the uniform prior assumed in the first paper. In particular, the use of the entropic and Dirichlet priors is considered.
Security, protection, and control of power systems with large-scale wind power penetration (2010)

As the number of wind generation facilities in the utility system is fast increasing, many issues associated with their integration into the power system are beginning to emerge. Of the various issues, this dissertation deals with the development of new concepts and computational methods to handle the transmission issues and voltage issues caused by largescale integration of wind turbines. This dissertation also formulates a probabilistic framework for the steady-state security assessment of wind power incorporating the forecast uncertainty and correlation. Transmission issues are mainly related to the overloading of transmission lines, when all the wind power generated cannot be delivered in full due to prior outage conditions. To deal with this problem, a method to curtail the wind turbine outputs through Energy Management System facilities in the on-line operational environment is proposed. The proposed method, which is based on linear optimization, sends the calculated control signals via the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system to wind farm controllers. The necessary ramping of the wind farm outputs is implemented either by the appropriate blade pitch angle control at the turbine level or by switching a certain number of turbines. The curtailment strategy is tested with an equivalent system model of MidAmerican Energy Company. The results show that the line overload in high wind areas can be alleviated by controlling the outputs of the wind farms step-by-step over an allowable period of time. A low voltage event during a system fault can cause a large number of wind turbines to trip, depending on voltages at the wind turbine terminals during the fault and the undervoltage protection setting of wind turbines. As a result, an N−1 contingency may evolve into
Anti-cancer efficacy of SREBP inhibitor, alone or in combination with docetaxel, in prostate cancer harboring p53 mutations (2015)

Mutant p53 proteins (mutant p53s) have oncogenic gain-of-function properties correlated with tumor grade, castration resistance, and prostate cancer (PCa) tumor recurrence. Docetaxel is a standard first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) after the failure of hormone therapy. However, most mCRPC patients who receive docetaxel experience only transient benefits and rapidly develop incurable drug resistance, which is closely correlated with the p53 mutation status. Mutant p53s were recently reported to regulate the metabolic pathways via sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). Therefore, targeting the SREBP metabolic pathways with docetaxel as a combination therapy may offer a potential strategy to improve anti-tumor efficacy and delay cellular drug resistance in mCRPC harboring mutant p53s. Our previous data showed that fatostatin, a new SREBP inhibitor, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in androgen receptor (AR)-positive PCa cell lines and xenograft mouse models. In this study, we demonstrated that mutant p53s activate the SREBP-mediated metabolic pathways in metastatic AR-negative PCa cells carrying mutant p53s. By blocking the SREBP pathways, fatostatin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in metastatic AR-negative PCa cells harboring mutant p53s. Furthermore, the combination of fatostatin and docetaxel resulted in greater proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction compared with single agent treatment in PCa cells in vitro and in vivo, especially those with mutant p53s. These data suggest for the first time that fatostatin alone or in combination with docetaxel could be exploited as a novel and promising therapy for metastatic PCa harboring p53 mutations.
New fluphenazine analogues as inhibitors of P-glycoprotein in human lymphocyte cultures (2012)

FPh analogues 1a, 1b, 1d, 3f, 3h and 3i should be further studied as promising candidates for adjuvant cancer chemotherapeutics.
Cluster load balancing for fine-grain network services (2002)

This paper studies cluster load balancing policies and system support for fine-grain network services. Load balancing on a cluster of machines has been studied extensively in the literature, mainly focusing on coarse-grain distributed computation. Fine-grain services introduce additional challenges because system states fluctuate rapidly,for those services and system performance is highly sensitive to various overhead. The main contribution of our work is to identify effective load balancing schemes for fine-grain services through simulations and empirical evaluations on synthetic workload and real traces. Another contribution is the design and implementation of a load balancing system in a Linux cluster that strikes a balance between acquiring enough load information and minimizing system overhead. Our study concludes that: 1) Random polling based load-balancing policies are well-suited for fine-grain network services: 2) A small poll size provides sufficient information for load balancing, while an excessively large poll size may in fact degrade the performance clue to polling overhead; 3) Discarding slow-responding polls can further improve system performance.
Functional and structural analysis of the ribonucleoprotein complexes of different human influenza virus strains. (1988)

Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) cores were prepared from various strains of human influenza virus by treating the purified or spikeless virus particles with non-ionic detergents such as Nonidet P-40 and centrifugation in continuous linear glycerol gradients. In addition to RNA, the purified complexes contained viral nucleoprotein (NP) and the three P proteins (PA, PB1, PB2) as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under denaturing conditions. Contaminations with other viral polypeptides, especially HA1, HA2 and M were below 1%. All RNP complexes were transcriptionally active in vitro. Comparison of the polymerase activity of purified complexes revealed considerable differences depending not only on the content of polymerase proteins. The activity of RNP complexes was enhanced for all strains tested by adding of ApG.
One-copy serializability with snapshot isolation under the hood (2011)

This paper presents a method that allows a replicated database system to provide a global isolation level stronger than the isolation level provided on each individual database replica. We propose a new multi-version concurrency control algorithm called, serializable generalized snapshot isolation (SGSI), that targets middleware replicated database systems. Each replica runs snapshot isolation locally and the replication middleware guarantees global one-copy serializability. We introduce novel techniques to provide a stronger global isolation level, namely readset extraction and enhanced certification that prevents read-write and write-write conflicts in a replicated setting. We prove the correctness of the proposed algorithm, and build a prototype replicated database system to evaluate SGSI performance experimentally. Extensive experiments with an 8 replica database system under the TPC-W workload mixes demonstrate the practicality and low overhead of the algorithm.
A randomized controlled trial comparing two vocational models for persons with severe mental illness. (2007)

The authors compared 2 approaches to vocational rehabilitation for individuals with severe mental illness: the individual placement and support (IPS) model of supported employment and the diversified placement approach (DPA), which emphasizes work readiness and offers a range of vocational options, including agency-run businesses and agency-contracted placements with community employers. In all, 187 unemployed participants with severe mental illness were randomly assigned to IPS or DPA. Over 2 years, IPS had significantly better competitive employment outcomes than DPA. Competitive employment rates over the 2-year follow-up were 75.0% for IPS and 33.7% for DPA. However, IPS and DPA did not differ on paid employment outcomes. The authors conclude that IPS is more effective than DPA in achieving competitive employment, but not paid employment.
DaDiDroid: An Obfuscation Resilient Tool for Detecting Android Malware via Weighted Directed Call Graph Modelling (2019)

With the number of new mobile malware instances increasing by over 50\% annually since 2012 [24], malware embedding in mobile apps is arguably one of the most serious security issues mobile platforms are exposed to. While obfuscation techniques are successfully used to protect the intellectual property of apps' developers, they are unfortunately also often used by cybercriminals to hide malicious content inside mobile apps and to deceive malware detection tools. As a consequence, most of mobile malware detection approaches fail in differentiating between benign and obfuscated malicious apps. We examine the graph features of mobile apps code by building weighted directed graphs of the API calls, and verify that malicious apps often share structural similarities that can be used to differentiate them from benign apps, even under a heavily "polluted" training set where a large majority of the apps are obfuscated. We present DaDiDroid an Android malware app detection tool that leverages features of the weighted directed graphs of API calls to detect the presence of malware code in (obfuscated) Android apps. We show that DaDiDroid significantly outperforms MaMaDroid [23], a recently proposed malware detection tool that has been proven very efficient in detecting malware in a clean non-obfuscated environment. We evaluate DaDiDroid's accuracy and robustness against several evasion techniques using various datasets for a total of 43,262 benign and 20,431 malware apps. We show that DaDiDroid correctly labels up to 96% of Android malware samples, while achieving an 91% accuracy with an exclusive use of a training set of obfuscated apps.
And Action! Dendritic Cells Go Live (2004)

BASIC AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY MEETINGMONTREAL, CANADA-- More than 7000 researchers gathered here from 18 to 23 July for the International Congress of Immunology and the Annual Conference of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies. Some of the most provocative news concerned dendritic cells.
A Joint Neural Network for Session-Aware Recommendation (2020)

Session-aware recommendation is a special form of sequential recommendation, where users' previous interactions before current session are available. Recently, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based models are widely used in sequential recommendation tasks with great success. Previous works mainly focus on the interaction sequences of the current session without analyzing a user's long-term preferences. In this paper, we propose a joint neural network (JNN) for session-aware recommendation, which employs a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) and a RNN to process the long-term historical interactions and the short-term sequential interactions respectively. Then, we apply a fully-connected neural network to study the complex relationship between these two types of features, which aims to generate a unified representation of the current session. Finally, a recommendation score for given items is generated by a bi-linear scheme upon the session representation. We conduct our experiments on three public datasets, showing that JNN outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines on all datasets in terms of Recall and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR). The outperforming results indicate that proper handling of historical interactions can improve the effectiveness of recommendation. The experimental results show that JNN is more prominent in samples with short current session or long historical interactions.
Characterization of Na(+)-H+ exchange in segments of rat mesenteric artery (1992)

To develop a technique for measuring Na(+)-H+ exchange activity and intracellular pH (pH(i)) "on line" in resistance vessels, we utilized strips of rat mesenteric arteries loaded with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Strips were held at a fixed length within a 3-ml cuvette, and fluorescence emission was monitored at 530 nm. The spectrofluorimeter was monitored in the ratio mode, and the excitation wavelength was alternated between 440 and 505 nm. Tissues were maintained by perfusing with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane-sulfonic acid containing buffers. The introduction of ammonium chloride produced a rapid alkalinization. Washout of ammonium caused rapid acidification. Restoration of pH(i) was Na+ dependent and inhibited by dimethyl amiloride (concentration that produces half-maximal inhibition, K0.5 = 30 microM), features characteristic of Na(+)-H+ exchange. Further studies assessed the transport rate of the exchanger, which averaged 0.19 +/- 0.02 pH U/min (means +/- SE, n = 8). An estimate of the dependence of Na(+)-H+ exchange on external Na+ gave an apparent Michaelis constant for external Na+ of 10 mM and an apparent maximal velocity of 0.1 mM H+/s. Intracellular H+ was found to have a cooperative effect (Hill coefficient = 4) on Na(+)-H+ exchange.
Assessing Measurement Invariance of Export Market Orientation: A Study of Chinese and Non-Chinese Firms in China (2007)

In response to numerous calls for the cross-cultural validation of measures used in international research, the authors assess measurement invariance of the export market orientation (EMO) and export performance (EP) constructs using 491 Chinese and non-Chinese export ventures in China. The results show that both the EMO and the EP scales are invariant between Chinese and non-Chinese export ventures. In addition, different EMO components have differential effects on EP for Chinese versus non-Chinese firms. To achieve higher EP, Chinese firms should focus on export intelligence responsiveness, and non-Chinese firms should concentrate their efforts on export intelligence generation. The authors discuss implications and suggest directions for further research.
An optimal set of landmarks for metopic craniosynostosis diagnosis from shape analysis of pediatric CT scans of the head (2013)

Craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull sutures) is a severe condition present in one of every 2000 newborns. Metopic craniosynostosis, accounting for 20-27% of cases, is diagnosed qualitatively in terms of skull shape abnormality, a subjective call of the surgeon. In this paper we introduce a new quantitative diagnostic feature for metopic craniosynostosis derived optimally from shape analysis of CT scans of the skull. We built a robust shape analysis pipeline that is capable of obtaining local shape differences in comparison to normal anatomy. Spatial normalization using 7-degree-of-freedom registration of the base of the skull is followed by a novel bone labeling strategy based on graph-cuts according to labeling priors. The statistical shape model built from 94 normal subjects allows matching a patient's anatomy to its most similar normal subject. Subsequently, the computation of local malformations from a normal subject allows characterization of the points of maximum malformation on each of the frontal bones adjacent to the metopic suture, and on the suture itself. Our results show that the malformations at these locations vary significantly (p<0.001) between abnormal/normal subjects and that an accurate diagnosis can be achieved using linear regression from these automatic measurements with an area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic of 0.97.