gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(Alkyl Glycidate Carbonate)s as Degradable Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives (2018)

Abstract Insertion of CO 2 into the polyacrylate backbone, forming poly(carbonate) analogues, provides an environmentally friendly and biocompatible alternative. The synthesis of five poly(carbonate) analogues of poly(methyl acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), and poly(butyl acrylate) is described. The polymers are prepared using the salen cobalt(III) complex catalyzed copolymerization of CO 2 and a derivatized oxirane. All the carbonate analogues possess higher glass‐transition temperatures ( T g =32 to −5 °C) than alkyl acrylates ( T g =10 to −50 °C), however, the carbonate analogues ( T d ≈230 °C) undergo thermal decomposition at lower temperatures than their acrylate counterparts ( T d ≈380 °C). The poly(alkyl carbonates) exhibit compositional‐dependent adhesivity. The poly(carbonate) analogues degrade into glycerol, alcohol, and CO 2 in a time‐ and pH‐dependent manner with the rate of degradation accelerated at higher pH conditions, in contrast to poly(acrylate)s.
Family of Class I Lantibiotics from Actinomycetes and Improvement of Their Antibacterial Activities (2015)

Lantibiotics, an abbreviation for "lanthionine-containing antibiotics", interfere with bacterial metabolism by a mechanism not exploited by the antibiotics currently in clinical use. Thus, they have aroused interest as a source for new therapeutic agents because they can overcome existing resistance mechanisms. Starting from fermentation broth extracts preselected from a high-throughput screening program for discovering cell-wall inhibitors, we isolated a series of related class I lantibiotics produced by different genera of actinomycetes. Analytical techniques together with explorative chemistry have been used to establish their structures: the newly described compounds share a common 24 aa sequence with the previously reported lantibiotic planosporicin (aka 97518), differing at positions 4, 6, and 14. All of these compounds maintain an overall -1 charge at physiological pH. While all of these lantibiotics display modest antibacterial activity, their potency can be substantially modulated by progressively eliminating the negative charges, with the most active compounds carrying basic amide derivatives of the two carboxylates originally present in the natural compounds. Interestingly, both natural and chemically modified lantibiotics target the key biosynthetic intermediate lipid II, but the former compounds do not bind as effectively as the latter in vivo. Remarkably, the basic derivatives display an antibacterial potency and a killing effect similar to those of NAI-107, a distantly related actinomycete-produced class I lantibiotic which lacks altogether carboxyl groups and which is a promising clinical candidate for treating Gram-positive infections caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens.
Phase-based frame interpolation for video (2015)

Standard approaches to computing interpolated (in-between) frames in a video sequence require accurate pixel correspondences between images e.g. using optical flow. We present an efficient alternative by leveraging recent developments in phase-based methods that represent motion in the phase shift of individual pixels. This concept allows in-between images to be generated by simple per-pixel phase modification, without the need for any form of explicit correspondence estimation. Up until now, such methods have been limited in the range of motion that can be interpolated, which fundamentally restricts their usefulness. In order to reduce these limitations, we introduce a novel, bounded phase shift correction method that combines phase information across the levels of a multi-scale pyramid. Additionally, we propose extensions for phase-based image synthesis that yield smoother transitions between the interpolated images. Our approach avoids expensive global optimization typical of optical flow methods, and is both simple to implement and easy to parallelize. This allows us to interpolate frames at a fraction of the computational cost of traditional optical flow-based solutions, while achieving similar quality and in some cases even superior results. Our method fails gracefully in difficult interpolation settings, e.g., significant appearance changes, where flow-based methods often introduce serious visual artifacts. Due to its efficiency, our method is especially well suited for frame interpolation and retiming of high resolution, high frame rate video.
Administration of Acylated Ghrelin Reduces Insulin Sensitivity, Whereas the Combination of Acylated Plus Unacylated Ghrelin Strongly Improves Insulin Sensitivity (2004)

We investigated the metabolic actions of ghrelin in humans by examining the effects of acute administration of acylated ghrelin, unacylated ghrelin, and the combination in eight adult-onset GH-deficient patients. We followed glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid concentrations before and after lunch and with or without the presence of GH in the circulation. We found that acylated ghrelin, which is rapidly cleared from the circulation, induced a rapid rise in glucose and insulin levels. Unacylated ghrelin, however, prevented the acylated ghrelin-induced rise in insulin and glucose when it was coadministered with acylated ghrelin. Surprisingly, the injection of acylated ghrelin induced an acute increase in unacylated ghrelin and therefore total ghrelin levels. Finally, acylated ghrelin decreased insulin sensitivity up to the end of a period of 6 h after administration. This decrease in insulin sensitivity was prevented by coinjection of unacylated ghrelin. This combined administration of acylated and unacylated ghrelin even significantly improved insulin sensitivity, compared with placebo, for at least 6 h, which warrants studies to investigate the long-term efficacy of this combination in the treatment of disorders with disturbed insulin sensitivity.
Biopsy guided by molecular breast imaging (MBI) (2013)

Poster: ECR 2013 / C-1818 / Biopsy guided by molecular breast imaging (MBI) by: J. W. Hugg , R. Keen, D. Beylin, E. Anashkin, A. Liu, R. Moore; Northridge, CA/US
Simultaneous dual‐frequency phase‐sensitive flow cytometric measurements for rapid identification of heterogeneous fluorescence decays in fluorochrome‐labeled cells and particles (1995)

In frequency-domain lifetime spectroscopy, the apparent fluorescence lifetimes obtained from phase-shift measurements are independent of modulation frequency only in the special case of a single exponential fluorescence decay. For heterogeneous fluorescence decay, the apparent fluorescence lifetimes measured by the phase-shift methods are functions of the modulation frequency. This modulation-frequency dependent property of apparent fluorescence lifetimes may be used to identify heterogeneous fluorescence decays by measuring lifetimes at multiple frequencies. In this article we explore the requirements and experimental design considerations for making such measurements in flow. We report a phase-sensitive flow cytometric method that allows one to probe the excited state-lifetimes of labeled cells by using multiple simultaneous modulation frequencies. Application of this method is demonstrated by measuring fluorescence lifetimes of labeled cells at two frequencies simultaneously, using a continuous-wave, dual-frequency modulated excitation in flow. The dual-frequency method presented herein can be used to rapidly identify heterogeneity in the fluorescence decay on a cell-by-cell basis in real time. Information on the nature of the fluorescence decay is important in biological measurements because it can provide insight into intermolecular interactions at the subcellular level.
Spread spectrum goes commercial (1990)

The use of spread-spectrum techniques to achieve more efficient utilization of available frequency spectra is examined. The two main spread-spectrum techniques, direct sequence and frequency hopping, are explained. In frequency hopping, the transmitter repeatedly changes (hops) the carrier frequency from one frequency to another. Direct-sequence transmission spreads the spectrum not by periodically changing the frequency but by modulating the original (information) baseband signal with a very wide-baseband digital signal. The wideband modulating signal's amplitude changes continually between two states, high and low, arbitrarily called +1 and -1, respectively, with the sequence of highs and lows being pseudorandom. Applying spread spectrum to code-division multiaccess (CDMA) communication, in which each user is assigned an identification code (a distinct sequence of frequencies for frequency hopping or +1 s and -1 s for direct-sequence modulation) is discussed. The use of CDMA for cellular radio, where it promises a capacity of over 1000 users per cell, by the authors' calculations, is considered. The potential of spread spectrum for relieving spectrum congestion is addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abnormality Detection via Iterative Deformable Registration and Basis-Pursuit Decomposition (2016)

We present a generic method for automatic detection of abnormal regions in medical images as deviations from a normative data base. The algorithm decomposes an image, or more broadly a function defined on the image grid, into the superposition of a normal part and a residual term. A statistical model is constructed with regional sparse learning to represent normative anatomical variations among a reference population (e.g., healthy controls), in conjunction with a Markov random field regularization that ensures mutual consistency of the regional learning among partially overlapping image blocks. The decomposition is performed in a principled way so that the normal part fits well with the learned normative model, while the residual term absorbs pathological patterns, which may then be detected through a statistical significance test. The decomposition is applied to multiple image features from an individual scan, detecting abnormalities using both intensity and shape information. We form an iterative scheme that interleaves abnormality detection with deformable registration, gradually improving robustness of the spatial normalization and precision of the detection. The algorithm is evaluated with simulated images and clinical data of brain lesions, and is shown to achieve robust deformable registration and localize pathological regions simultaneously. The algorithm is also applied on images from Alzheimer's disease patients to demonstrate the generality of the method.
Short PET Scans for Outside-the-FOV Scatter Estimation (2018)

Scatter correction is an important step in PET image reconstruction. When the object is longer than the axial extent of the scanned region, outside-the-axial-field-of-view (OFOV) scatter correction is necessary and not trivial. For most scatter estimation techniques, both attenuation and emission distributions outside the axial FOV are needed. One direct way for OFOV scatter estimation would be to perform an extra PET and CT scan at bed positions adjacent to the axial region of interest in order to obtain attenuation and emission information. This approach however would both prolong the PET scan time and also increase the CT radiation dose. An alternative approach is to extrapolate the known activity and attenuation maps from inside the FOV but this could be inaccurate if the OFOV activity distribution is very different than that inside the FOV. In order to reduce the radiation dose and scan time while maintaining OFOV scatter estimation accuracy, we propose performing short PET scans over bed positions adjacent to the region of interest. Evaluation on clinical images shows that OFOV scatter correction using these short PET scans can significantly improve image quality compared to not performing OFOV scatter correction and bring image quality close to the case of using full scans for adjacent bed positions.
Infrared laser desorption and ionization of polypeptides from a polyacrylamide gel (2002)

We observed direct desorption and ionization of angiotensin II and bovine insulin from a frozen polyacrylamide gel without the addition of an exogenous matrix, using picosecond pulses from a tunable, mid-infrared free-electron laser tuned to strong absorption bands of the gel. At 5.7, 5.9, 6.1 and 6.3 microm we were able to desorb and ionize both analyte molecules, with the strongest analyte signal generated at 5.9 microm. However, no analyte signal was observed at 5.5 microm. Consistent with a previous report, we did not observe ions of either polypeptide at 2.9 microm, in spite of strong overall absorption. We discuss the implications of this wavelength-dependent ionization, including possible ablation mechanisms and energy partitioning between competing vibrational modes.
Pulsed, room-temperature operation of a tunable NaCl color-center laser (1987)

A room-temperature, pulsed, color-center laser using OH(-)-doped NaCl crystals is reported. Crystals were transversely pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1.06microm and produced output energies of 8.6 mJ in 20-nsec pulses. The tuning range extended from 1.37 to 1.77 microm. During 40 h of operation (>10(6) pulses), a gradual power fading was observed. Laser action is tentatively ascribed to F(2)(+) centers.
High‐Conductivity Two‐Dimensional Polyaniline Nanosheets Developed on Ice Surfaces (2015)

Abstract A new method to develop two‐dimensional PANI nanosheets using ice as a removable hard template is presented. Distinctly high current flows of 5.5 mA at 1 V and a high electrical conductivity of 35 S cm −1 were obtained for the polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets, which marked a significant improvement from previously values on other PANIs reported over the past decades. These improved electrical properties of ice‐templated PANI nanosheets were attributed to the long‐range ordered edge‐on π‐stacking of the quinoid ring, ascribed to the ice surface‐assisted vertical growth of PANI. The unprecedented advantages of the ice‐templated PANI nanosheets are two‐fold. First, the PANI nanosheet can be easily transferred onto various types of substrates via float‐off from the ice surfaces. Second, PANI can be patterned into any shape using predetermined masks, and this is expected to facilitate the eventual convenient and inexpensive application of conducting polymers in versatile electronic device forms.
M-9337, a new antistreptolysin, produced by Streptomyces sp.. (1983)

A new biologically active substance, M-9337, was obtained from Streptomyces strain M-9337, a soil isolate. The producing organism was subsequently determined to be a new strain and named Streptomyces antihaemolyticus M-9337. The active substance was prepared as white yellow powder from culture broth by solvent extraction and silica gel thin-layer chromatography. It showed no antimicrobial activity and potent inhibitory activity against streptolysin, a type of hemolysin.
Kinetics Study of Ethylbenzene Alkylation with Ethanol over Medium and Large Pore Zeolites (2013)

The alkylation of ethylbenzene (EB) with ethanol has been studied over medium and large pore zeolite based catalysts in a fluidized-bed reactor. Focus is made on the effects of pore structure of zeolites on activity, selectivity, and reaction kinetics of EB ethylation. In this regard ZSM-5 and mordenite are selected as a medium and large pore zeolite, respectively. The catalysts considered have similar acidity. The EB ethylation experiments are conducted using 1:1 EB to ethanol molar ratio and at various temperature levels and different contact times. The product analysis shows that diethylbenzene (DEB) is the main product. However, the large pore size mordenite catalyst also produces a small amount of triethylbenzene. Phenomenological based kinetics models are developed based on the experimental conversion and selectivity data. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism with surface reaction control is considered for both the medium and large pore zeolites. The analysis of the developed model suggests that a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism with weakly adsorbed EB and strongly adsorbed ethanol and product DEB fits the experimental data adequately. The kinetic analysis also shows that the modenite requires significantly low activation energy (45.2 kJ/mol) as compared to the ZSM-5 zeolite (112 kJ/mol). On the contrary, the estimated enthalpy of adsorption of product DEB on mordenite (85.3 kJ/mol) is significantly higher than the value on the ZSM-5 sample (67.7 kJ/mol). The enthalpy of adsorption of ethanol is found to be 32.4 and 52.4 kJ/mol on mordenite and ZSM-5 samples, respectively.
Presence of cobalamin analogues in animal tissues (1980)

Cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B-12) has been extracted and isolated from a number of animal tissues by using (i) reverse-affinity chromatography on R protein-Sepharose followed by adsorption to and elution from charcoal-coated agarose and (ii) paper chromatography. Radioisotope dilution assays showed that only 75-97% of the Cbl chromatographed in the position of crystalline Cbl. The remaining 3-25% was present in a number of slower and faster moving fractions. This suggested that Cbl analogues are present in animal tissues because appropriate controls ruled out the possibility that this material was artifactually derived from Cbl during the extraction and purification procedures. With a large-scale isolation from rabbit kidney, the material in five such fractions contained cobalt and had absorption spectra that were similar to but different from the spectrum of Cbl, indicating that they were Cbl analogues. Compared to Cbl, these Cbl analogues had decreased but definite affinities for Cbl-binding proteins with the following order of strength of binding: R protein > transcobalamin II > intrinsic factor. Compared to Cbl, they also had decreased but definite growth-promoting activity for two microorganisms, Euglena gracilis and Lactobacillus leichmannii, which require Cbl for growth. These Cbl analogues differed from each other and from 18 synthetic Cbl analogues, including the most common Cbl analogues synthesized by microorganisms, in at least one of the above features. These studies indicate that animal tissues contain a number of Cbl analogues whose origins, structures, and biologic activities remain to be determined.
Extrapolation of SQL query elapsed response time at application development stage (2012)

In a typical database application development, requirement is to optimize SQL queries to meet service level agreements (SLA); the optimized queries are tested on the application development database which is some fraction of the production database. As time progresses the database grows and the earlier optimized queries may not hold SLA anymore. Once the application is launched and deployed, it becomes difficult and expensive to modify the SQL queries. In this paper, we have discussed a model for predicting the SQL query cost and hence the SQL query elapsed response time with the growth of the database at application development time. We have identified and discussed the database statistics which can impact the SQL query cost with increase in the database size and how these can be used to predict ERT. We have tested the model on Oracle 10g and have presented the results in the paper.
Construction of thermostable cellobiohydrolase I from the fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus by protein engineering (2019)

Fungus-derived GH-7 family cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI, EC 3.2.1.91) is one of the most important industrial enzymes for cellulosic biomass saccharification. Talaromyces cellulolyticus is well known as a mesophilic fungus producing a high amount of CBHI. Thermostability enhances the economic value of enzymes by making them more robust. However, CBHI has proven difficult to engineer, a fact that stems in part from its low expression in heterozygous hosts and its complex structure. Here, we report the successful improvement of the thermostability of CBHI from T. cellulolyticus using our homologous expression system and protein engineering method. We examined the key structures that seem to contribute to its thermostability using the 3D structural information of CBHI. Some parts of the structure of the Talaromyces emersonii CBHI were grafted into T. cellulolyticus CBHI and thermostable mutant CBHIs were constructed. The thermostability was primarily because of the improvement in the loop structures, and the positive effects of the mutations for thermostability were additive. By combing the mutations, the constructed thermophilic CBHI exhibits high hydrolytic activity toward crystalline cellulose with an optimum temperature at over 70°C. In addition, the strategy can be applied to the construction of the other thermostable CBHIs.
‘Overgrowth’ mutants in barley and wheat: new alleles and phenotypes of the ‘Green Revolution’ Della gene (2013)

A suppressor screen using dwarf mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) led to the isolation of 'overgrowth' derivatives, which retained the original dwarfing gene but grew at a faster rate because of a new mutation. The new mutations were in the Slender1 (Sln1) gene (11/13 cases), which encodes the DELLA protein central to gibberellin (GA) signalling, showed 100% genetic linkage to Sln1 (1/13), or were in the Spindly1 (Spy1) gene (1/13), which encodes another protein involved in GA signalling. The overgrowth mutants were characterized by increased GA signalling, although the extent still depended on the background GA biosynthesis capacity, GA receptor function, and DELLA activity. A comparison between two GA responses, α-amylase production and leaf growth rate, revealed degrees of specificity for both the overgrowth allele and the GA response under consideration. Many overgrowth mutants were also isolated in a dwarf line of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 19 new alleles were identified in the Rht-B1 gene, one of the 'Green Revolution' semi-dwarfing genes and the orthologue of Sln1. The sites of amino acid substitutions in the DELLA proteins of both species provide insight into DELLA function, and included examples where identical but independent substitutions were observed. In both species, the starting lines were too dwarfed to be directly useful in breeding programmes, but new overgrowth derivatives with semidwarf heights have now been characterized. The variation they exhibit in GA-influenced traits identifies novel alleles with perfect markers that are of potential use in breeding.
Remote patient monitoring for improving outpatient care of patients at risk for sepsis (2016)

This work seeks to design and develop a remote monitoring platform for tracking indicators of sepsis with the goal of reducing hospital readmissions and mortality rates, and ultimately improving outpatient quality of care. Medicare reports spending $17.8 billion per year on avoidable readmissions, a leading cause of which is sepsis. Insufficient knowledge and improper training for postoperative care of discharged patients further enhances the importance of sepsis monitoring at home. Common indicators of sepsis include infection, elevated heart rate, elevated breathing rate, blood pressure, and fever. While these criteria can be easily tracked within the hospital, there exists no straightforward extension to the home setting because of the confounding effect of physical activity. Some of the challenges associated with remote monitoring for sepsis in discharged patients include the lower sensory quality of mobile biometric devices, the need to recognize activity in non-stationary patients, and the need to individualize the baseline criteria. In order to broaden the criteria to outpatients, this research considers the challenges of collecting and analyzing patient biometrics remotely using commercially available technology. As a result, we present a remote monitoring solution for early detection of sepsis in the outpatient setting.