gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetylacetonate Anchors for Robust Functionalization of TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles with Mn(II)−Terpyridine Complexes (2008)

A novel class of derivatized acetylacetonate (acac) linkers for robust functionalization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) under aqueous and oxidative conditions is reported. The resulting surface adsorbate anchors are particularly relevant to engineering photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices since they can be applied to attach a broad range of photosensitizers and photocatalytic complexes and are not affected by humidity. Acac is easily modified by CuI-mediated coupling reactions to provide a variety of scaffolds, including substituted terpy complexes (terpy = 2,2':6,2''-terpyridine), assembled with ligands coordinated to transition-metal ions. Since Mn-terpy complexes are known to be effective catalysts for oxidation chemistry, functionalization with Mn(II) is examined. This permits visible-light sensitization of TiO2 nanoparticles due to interfacial electron transfer, as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy of colloidal thin films and aqueous suspensions. The underlying ultrafast interfacial electron injection is complete on a subpicosecond time scale, as monitored by optical pump-terahertz probe transient measurements and computer simulations. Time-resolved measurements of the Mn(II) EPR signal at 6 K show that interfacial electron injection induces Mn(II) --> Mn(III) photooxidation, with a half-time for regeneration of the Mn(II) complex of ca. 23 s.
Bimodal pattern of killing of DNA-repair-defective or anoxically grown Escherichia coli by hydrogen peroxide (1986)

Two modes of killing of Escherichia coli K-12 by hydrogen peroxide can be distinguished. Mode-one killing was maximal with hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 1 to 2 mM. At higher concentrations the killing rate was approximately half maximal and was independent of H2O2 concentration but first order with respect to exposure time. Mode-one killing required active metabolism during the H2O2 challenge, and it resulted in sfiA-independent filamentation of both cells which survived and those which were killed by the challenge. This mode of killing was enhanced in xth, polA, recA, and recB strains and was accelerated in all strains by an unidentified, anoxia-induced cell function. A strain carrying both xth and recA mutations appeared to undergo spontaneous mode-one killing only under aerobic conditions. Mode-one killing appeared to result from DNA damage which normally occurs at a low, nonlethal level during aerobic growth. Mode-two killing occurred at higher doses of H2O2 and exhibited a multihit dependence on both H2O2 concentration and exposure time. Mode-two killing did not require active metabolism, and killed cells did not filament, although survivors demonstrated a dose-dependent growth lag. Strains with DNA-repair defects were not especially susceptible to mode-two killing.
A phase 1 dose-escalation study of a PD-L1xCD27 bispecific antibody CDX-527 in patients with advanced malignancies. (2021)

2585 Background: CDX-527 is a bispecific antibody (BsAb) targeting PD-L1 and CD27 that is designed to block immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD-1 interactions while providing immune costimulation through CD27 signaling. CD27 is a key immunostimulatory molecule that enhances T cell activation, effector function, and survival. Combining anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD27 mAbs synergize in preclinical studies, activating complementary cytotoxic and proliferative gene expression profiles, respectively. Clinical studies demonstrated the safety and biological activity of combining varlilumab, an agonist anti-CD27 mAb, with nivolumab or atezolizumab, along with modest clinical activity of the combinations. CDX-527 is a novel human BsAb containing a neutralizing, high affinity IgG1k PD-L1 mAb and the single chain Fv fragment (scFv) of an agonist anti-CD27 mAb genetically attached to the C-terminus of each heavy chain, thereby making CDX-527 bivalent for each target. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated enhanced T cell activation by CDX-527 and anti-tumor activity of a surrogate bispecific compared to individual mAb combinations. Methods: CDX527-01 is a phase 1 first-in-human, open-label, multi-center, dose-escalation (DE) and expansion study evaluating safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and clinical activity of CDX-527 in patient with advanced solid tumors that have progressed on standard-of-care therapy. The primary study objective is to characterize the safety and tolerability of CDX-527. CDX-527 is administered intravenously Q2W with doses ranging from 0.03 mg/kg up to 10.0 mg/kg or until the maximum tolerated dose. The first 2 cohorts of the DE phase initiate with single patients and subsequent DE cohorts will be conducted in 3+3 manner. Tumor-specific expansion cohorts may be enrolled to further characterize the safety, PK, PD, and efficacy of CDX-527. Tumor assessments are performed Q8W by the investigator per iRECIST. Biomarker assessments include characterizing the effects on peripheral blood immune cells and cytokines, and for the expansion cohorts, the impact of CDX-527 on the tumor microenvironment in paired tumor biopsies. Results: To date, 8 patients have received CDX-527 in doses ranging from 0.03 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg and 3 are still on treatment. There has been no drug related SAEs, DLTs or discontinuations due to an AE. Most common treatment related AEs were influenza-like illness, fatigue, and arthralgia (all at 25%). All drug related AEs have been grade 1 or 2. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that the novel anti-PD-L1xCD27 bispecific antibody CDX-527 up to and including the 1 mg/kg dose level has been well tolerated. Additional data will be presented, including the safety profile at higher dose levels along with clinical activity, as well as PK and PD data. Clinical trial information: NCT04440943.
Reengineering to the Web: a reference architecture (2003)

Reengineering existing (large-scale) applications to the Web is a complex and highly challenging task. This is due to a variety of demanding requirements for interactive Web applications. High performance is usually required, old interfaces still have to be supported, high availability requirements are usual, information has to be provided to multiple channels and in different formats, pages should contain individual layouts across different channels, styles should be imposed over presentation, etc. To achieve these goals a variety of different technologies and concepts have to be well understood, including HTTP protocol handling, persistent stores/databases, various XML standards, authentication, session management, dynamic content creation, presentational abstractions, and flexible legacy system wrapping. In a concrete project, all these components have to be integrated properly and appropriate technologies have to be chosen. On basis of practical and theoretical experience in the problem domain, in this paper, we try to identify the recurring components in reengineering projects to the Web, lay out critical issues and choices, and conceptually integrate the components into a reference architecture.
Simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral dopaminergic grafts in the parkinsonian rat model: Role of the intranigral graft (2000)

The current transplantation strategy in experimental and clinical Parkinson's disease (PD) has been to place nigral dopaminergic grafts not in their ontogenic site (substantia nigra) but in their target area (striatum). Although intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts are capable of reinnervating the striatum, they fail to reinnervate the nigra, which may be an important factor limiting the efficacy of fetal tissue transplantation in parkinsonian patients. We have previously shown that simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral dopaminergic grafts (double grafts) may provide a more complete restoration of the nigrostriatal circuitry (Mendez et al. [1996] J Neurosci 16:7216-7227; Mendez and Hong [1997] Brain Res 778:194-205). In the present study, we investigated the contribution of the intranigral graft to functional recovery in double-grafted hemiparkinsonian rats. Twenty Wistar rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway were divided into two groups and received either double grafts (n = 10) or intrastriatal grafts alone (n = 10). Following transplantation, both intrastriatally and double-grafted animals had a significant decrease in rotational behavior. However, only animals with double grafts exhibited a significant increase in contralateral adjusting step performance. The intranigral graft was subsequently lesioned by a second 6-OHDA injection. Following the second lesion, animals with double grafts exhibited a significant reversal of rotational behavior and a 51% reduction in contralateral adjusting step performance. The reversal in functional recovery correlated with a significant loss of intranigral grafted neurons. These results suggest that the intranigral graft has an important role in the functional recovery of double-grafted animals. Restoration of dopaminergic innervation to both the nigra and the striatum may be crucial for optimizing graft efficacy and may be a superior strategy in neural transplantation for PD.
W-band synthesized signal generator using fundamental voltage controlled oscillators (2002)

The architecture and implementation of a W-Band signal generator are described. The architecture presented highlights the developmental areas of: the signal source, frequency control, output control and modulation. Voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) were developed to provide frequency agility, to enhance the viability of frequency modulation (FM) characteristics, and to improve weight and power management requirements. Frequency control and phase coherence were achieved through the exploitation of digital phase lock loop (PLL) techniques. PIN diode attenuators that were developed cover the entire W-Band and provide the capacity for output level control. Additionally, the attenuators provide the capacity for amplitude modulation (AM) and pulse modulation (PM) because of the attenuation flatness (<5 dB), large dynamic range (>40 dB) and modulation bandwidth. A prototype has been developed to demonstrate the feasibility. The final implementation will be integrated into a C-sized VXI module chassis.
RoIFusion: 3D Object Detection from LiDAR and Vision (2020)

When localizing and detecting 3D objects for autonomous driving scenes, obtaining information from multiple sensor (e.g. camera, LIDAR) typically increases the robustness of 3D detectors. However, the efficient and effective fusion of different features captured from LIDAR and camera is still challenging, especially due to the sparsity and irregularity of point cloud distributions. This notwithstanding, point clouds offer useful complementary information. In this paper, we would like to leverage the advantages of LIDAR and camera sensors by proposing a deep neural network architecture for the fusion and the efficient detection of 3D objects by identifying their corresponding 3D bounding boxes with orientation. In order to achieve this task, instead of densely combining the point-wise feature of the point cloud and the related pixel features, we propose a novel fusion algorithm by projecting a set of 3D Region of Interests (RoIs) from the point clouds to the 2D RoIs of the corresponding the images. Finally, we demonstrate that our deep fusion approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI 3D object detection challenging benchmark.
Sol–gel synthesis of bioactive glass scaffolds for tissue engineering: Effect of surfactant type and concentration (2005)

Well-defined structural characteristics are some of the exigencies that have to be attended when scaffolds for bone tissue cell culture are designed. A high porosity (70-90%) and a high specific surface area and an average pore size>150 microm will contribute to allow cell migration throughout the structure, adhesion, and proliferation. At the same time, the biodegradation of the material should occur in a proper rate. One way to reach a structure with these characteristics is to produce foams during sol-gel processing of bioactive glasses (system CaO--SiO2--P2O5). The addition of a surfactant in the sol-gel solution is necessary for foam formation and to maintain its stability until complete gelation occurs. This study presents the performance evaluation of two surfactants [sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and Tergitol] to determine optimum conditions for foaming ability and stability properties. The anionic surfactant SLES showed better results in terms of foam volume and its stability. Bioactive glass foams obtained with use of this surfactant presented a higher and interconnected porosity. The porosity of the scaffolds produced was 90%, and the macropore size ranged from 100 to 500 microm.
Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Pegvisomant is the only member of a new class of drugs that was especially designed to block the GH receptor (GHR) and, therefore, GH action. In this review we will describe the structure and function of GH and its receptor with specific relevance to the discovery and development of GHR antagonists. With respect to clinical applications, we will first discuss the role of pegvisomant in the treatment of acromegaly. Thereafter, the potential role that pegvisomant might play in the treatment and prevention of late complications of diabetes mellitus and cancer will be discussed and compared with those of somatostatin analogs in these settings. Rationale for GHR antagonists
DopNet: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network to Recognize Armed and Unarmed Human Targets (2019)

The work presented in this paper aims to distinguish between armed or unarmed personnel using multi-static radar data and advanced Doppler processing. We propose two modified deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) termed single channel DopNet (SC-DopNet) and multiple channel DopNet (MC-DopNet) for mono-static and multi-static micro-Doppler signature (μ-DS) classification. Differentiating armed and unarmed walking personnel is challenging due to the effect of the aspect angle and the channel diversity in real-world scenarios. In addition, the DCNN easily overfits the relatively small-scale μ-DS dataset. To address these problems, the work carried out in this paper makes three key contributions. First, two effective schemes including a data augmentation operation and a regularization term are proposed to train the SC-DopNet from scratch. Next, a factor analysis of the SC-DopNet is conducted based on various operating parameters in both the processing and radar operations. Third, to solve the problem of aspect angle diversity for the μ-DS classification, we design the MC-DopNet for multi-static μ-DS which is embedded with two new fusion schemes termed as greedy importance reweighting (GIR) and 121-Norm. These two schemes are based on two different strategies and have been evaluated experimentally. The GIR uses a win by sacrificing worst case approach, whereas 121-Norm adopts a win by sacrificing best case approach. The SC-DopNet outperforms the non-deep methods by 12.5% in average, and the proposed MC-DopNet with two fusion methods outperforms the conventional binary voting by 1.2% in average. Note that we also argue and discuss how to utilize the statistics of SC-DopNet results to infer the selection of fusion strategies for the MC-DopNet under different experimental scenarios.
Co-Design of Dielectric Resonator Antenna and T-Shaped Microstrip Feeding Network for Back-Radiation Suppression (2022)

In practice, the broadband feeding network on the back side of an antenna can have a nonnegligible effect on the antenna's back radiation due to the feeding network's radiation contribution. Thus, a back-radiation cancellation scheme is proposed by co-designing the antenna and its feeding network to solve this problem. The antenna and its feeding network can be viewed as a two-element array. Their radiation toward the antenna's backward direction can cancel each other when both have equal amplitude and opposite phases along the back direction. A differential fed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) through a rat-race coupler ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${180}^\circ $</tex-math></inline-formula> hybrid coupler) and a T-shaped broadband differential feeding network are compared and analyzed to verify the proposed scheme. In addition, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\!\times\!4$</tex-math></inline-formula> DRA array with a T-shaped broadband differential feeding network in a previous work (where the feeding network's radiation effect on the back side was overlooked) is used for experimental validation of the proposed scheme. Simulations and measurements demonstrate significant back-radiation suppression than the ideal differential feeding network.
Postgrowth Processing of Carbon Nanotube Arrays—Enabling New Functionalities and Applications (2004)

Highly ordered carbon nanotube arrays were fabricated by pyrolysis of acetylene using anodic-aluminum-oxide templates. To avoid the natural tendency of the nanotubes sticking together and forming haystack-like bundles when exposing the nanotubes from the growth template, a new postgrowth treatment process using a mixture of 6 wt% phosphoric acid and 1.8 wt% chronium oxide as the etchant, and 0.1 wt% Gum Arabic or 5 wt% polymethacrylic acid as the dispersant, was developed yielding for the first time well aligned and spatially free-standing carbon nanotube arrays. The dispersants can be adsorbed on both the surface of carbon nanotubes and that of the alumina film resulting in the elimination of aggregation of exposed carbon nanotubes, a more uniform dissolution of alumina, and a lower, thereby, more controllable etching rate. The as-prepared carbon nanotube arrays, which are vertically aligned and well separated could be used for many applications such as mechanical oscillators, field emission, and sensors, and the exposed nanotubes offer a good platform for study on collective behavior of electrical and magnetic nano arrays.
The design of enhancing thermoelectric cooler system based on forced air cooling (2012)

In order to design a thermoelectric cooler system with a precise numerical prediction on its working effectiveness, based on forced fluid mechanics theory, heat transfer theory and thermoelectric cooling theory, the paper proposed an optimized design of thermoelectric cooler system with the application of forced air cooling. Combining with the physical model of heat transfer and analysis of the air flow pattern in channel of the whole system, it can predict airflow rate of the cooling channel, heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer efficiency of the cooling metal fin and the specific cooling effectiveness. With this method, it can achieve optimized selection for system components and enhance the efficiency of system. A specific system design example provided in the paper verifies the whole theory in this paper and it basically satisfies the requirement of the thermoelectric cooler system.
A Climatic Model for Location of Plant Species in Florida, U.S.A. (1993)

A climatic-envelope model for 125 woody plant species native to Florida was built using data from site floristic lists, species range maps and long-term climatic records for 106 meteorological stations. The model predicts that a species will occur at a site as long as none of the species' climatic limits is exceeded by the local climatic data. The model was tested for its ability to predict species lists for two different sets of sites and for species ranges (i.e. site lists for various species). Median prediction success for these tests varied from 85% to 88% (from 96% to 100% for predictions accurate to within 100 km of range-map distance). This supports the hypothesis that climatic factors, especially winter temperatures, exert important direct and/or indirect control over the natural distribution of woody species in Florida, despite pervasive variations in substrate. The model should be useful for studying climatic factors that may limit species ranges in Florida, as well as potential changes in ranges of species after moderate climate change. Until actual range limitation mecha- nisms are better known, there may be no practical alternative to simple envelope models for simultaneously treating large numbers of plant taxa and sites. Furthermore, even at local scales, where substrate, topography, fire, competition and other factors become more import- ant, there may be no present alternative to purely climate-based models as a first step in the geographic study of plant-environment relationships.
Pulmonary and lymph node metastasis is associated with primary tumor interstitial fluid pressure in human melanoma xenografts. (2002)

Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is elevated in many experimental and human tumors, and high IFP is associated with poor prognosis in human cancer. The significance of elevated IFP in the development of metastatic disease was investigated in the present work by using A-07 human melanoma xenografts as models of cancer in humans. IFP was measured with the micropipette technique (tumor periphery) and the wick-in-needle technique (tumor center). Tumor hypoxia was studied by immunohistochemistry using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker and by using a radiobiological assay. High central tumor IFP was found to be associated with the development of pulmonary (P = 0.000085) and lymph node (P = 0.000036) metastases in small (150-200 mm(3)) A-07 tumors. Hypoxic cells could not be detected in these tumors. Our study suggests that interstitial hypertension may facilitate tumor cell intravasation and, hence, promote metastasis by mechanisms independent of tumor hypoxia.
Role of ultrasonography and urinary cytology in diagnosing recurrence of superficial urinary bladder cancer compared to cystoscopy. (2001)

Urinary cytology, ultrasonogram of the urinary bladder and cystoscopy were done in 99 cases of urinary bladder cancer patients in the department of urology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, during the period from January 1997 to December 1998. Pre transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), urinary cytology was positive in 20.20% cases and ultrasound scan was positive in 96.9% cases. Histopathological examination revealed 95.96% as transitional cell carcinoma:- Grade I (3.0%), Grade II (62.6%) and Grade III (34.4%). During follow-up urinary cytology was positive in only one case whereas ultrasound scan was positive in 53.5% cases of whom only 21.6% patients had actual recurrent bladder tumours proved by cystoscopy. Statistical analysis of the three tests and histopathology showed significant variation though by Chi-square test the ultrasound scan is found superior to urinary cytology. We conclude when ultrasonography of the urinary bladder shows any suspected lesion it should be examined by cystoscope and biopsy should be taken from the suspected area for confirmation. Neither urinary cytology nor ultrasound scan can replace cystoscopic examination.