gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low cost, high power density, flux switching machines and drives for power tools (2004)

This paper presents the results of a new flux switching motor and drive offering high power density and an extremely low cost power electronic controller. The motor contains a DC field winding and a bifilar armature winding, both on the stator with a simple and rugged salient pole reluctance rotor. The power electronic controller requires only two ground referenced power transistors. This delivers electronic commutation, high dynamic performance, speed and torque control at an extremely low cost. The design of the motor and its electronic controller is described and test results of a complete drive delivering 2 kW at 15000 r/min are presented.
Isolation of Human Anti‐idiotypes Broadly Cross Reactive with Anti‐dsDNA Antibodies from Patients with <i>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus</i> (2001)

Antibodies to double stranded (ds)DNA play a central role in clinical diagnosis and disease expression in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This paper describes the isolation of anti-idiotype reagents (anti/antidsDNA) from four SLE sera and the demonstration of broad and quantitatively similar cross reactivity to both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-dsDNA antibodies isolated from SLE patients. Seven affinity-purified polyclonal and three monoclonal human anti-dsDNA preparations reacted preferentially with anti-idiotype F(ab')(2) coated plates compared to normal immunoglobulin (Ig)G F(ab')(2) coated plates in ELISA. In contrast, autoantibodies of other specificities (anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, and anti-U(1)RNP) reacted equally with anti/anti-dsDNA F(ab')(2) and normal IgG F(ab')(2) coated plates. Such anti-idiotypic antibodies could play a significant role in the regulation of anti-dsDNA antibody levels in SLE.
High-Fidelity C/C++ Code Transformation (2005)

As software systems become increasingly massive, the advantages of automated transformation tools are clearly evident. These tools allow the machine to both reason about and manipulate high-level source code. They enable off-loading of mundane and laborious programming tasks from human developer to machine, thereby reducing cost and development timeframes. Although there has been much academic work in software transformation, there still exists many hurdles in realising this technology in a commercial domain. From our own experience, there are two significant problems that must be addressed before transformation technology can be usefully applied in a commercial setting. These are: 1.) avoiding disruption of style (i.e. layout and commenting) and the introduction of any undesired modifications which occur as a side effect of the transformation process. 2.) correct handling of C preprocessing and the presentation of a semantically correct view of the program during transformation. Many existing automated transformation tools inherently disrupt style through the use of pretty printing and the need to perform preprocessing before any transformation. Some also require source to be modified so that it conforms to a subset of the grammar. In this paper we describe our own C/C++ transformation system, Proteus, that is able to meet the stringent criteria laid out by Lucent's own software developers.
Thiol-Reactive Luminescent Lanthanide Chelates:  Part 2 (2003)

Luminescent lanthanide complexes have unusual spectroscopic characteristics, including millisecond excited-state lifetime and sharply spiked emission spectra. These characteristics make them valuable alternatives to conventional organic fluorescent probes in detection applications and for measuring nanometer-scale conformational changes in biomolecules via resonance energy transfer. Our group has previously reported the syntheses and application of various luminescence complexes that have polyaminocarboxylate chelates coupled to a carbostyril antenna and thiol or amine-reactive groups. Here we report the syntheses of new thiol-reactive forms of DTPA-cs124 chelates, including two iodoacetamide forms (phenylalanine-iodoacetamide and ethylenediamine iodoacetamide) and two methane-thio-sulfonate forms (ethylmethanethiosulfonate and carboxyethylmethanethiosulfonate). In addition, we have developed an improved synthesis of a previously reported maleimide form.
Resilient MPLS Rings (2019)

This document describes the use of the MPLS control and data planes on
ring topologies. It describes the special nature of rings, and
proceeds to show how MPLS can be effectively used in such topologies.
It describes how MPLS rings are configured, auto-discovered and
signaled, as well as how the data plane works. Companion documents
describe the details of discovery and signaling for specific
protocols.
<i>T</i><sub>2</sub>* relaxometry and volume predict semi‐quantitative histological scoring of an ACL bridge‐enhanced primary repair in a porcine model (2015)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables, such as T2* and volume, can predict the healing ligament structural properties. How these MR variables relate to semi-quantitative histology of the healing ACL is yet unknown. We hypothesized that T2* and volume would predict the histological scoring of a healing ACL. Yucatan minipigs underwent ACL transection and received bridge-enhanced ACL repair or no treatment. The surgical legs were harvested after 52 weeks and imaged using a high resolution 2-echo sequence. For each ligament, the volume and median T2* values were determined. The ACL specimens were then histologically analyzed using the advanced Ligament Maturity Index (LMI). The T2* of the healing ligaments significantly predicted the total LMI score as well as the cell, collagen and vessel sub-scores; R(2) = 0.78, 0.67, 0.65, and 0.60, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). The ligament volume also predicted the total LMI score, cell, and collagen sub-scores; R(2) = 0.39, 0.33, 0.37, and 0.60, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). A lower ligament T2* or a higher volume was associated with higher histological scores of the healing ligaments. This study provides a critical step in the development of a non-invasive method to evaluate ligament healing on a microscopic scale.
Short-term regulation of insulin gene transcription by glucose (1998)

Whereas short-term regulation of insulin biosynthesis at the level of translation is well accepted, glucose-dependent transcriptional control is still believed to be a long-term effect occurring after more than 2 hr of glucose stimulation. Because pancreatic beta cells are exposed to elevated glucose levels for minutes rather than hours after food uptake, we hypothesized the existence of a short-term transcriptional control. By studying the dynamics of newly synthesized (prepro)insulin RNA and by employing on-line monitoring of gene expression in single, insulin-producing cells, we were able to provide convincing evidence that insulin gene transcription indeed is affected by glucose within minutes. Exposure of insulinoma cells and isolated pancreatic islets to elevated glucose for only 15 min resulted in a 2- to 5-fold elevation in (prepro)insulin mRNA levels within 60-90 min. Similarly, insulin promoter-driven green fluorescent protein expression in single insulin-producing cells was significantly enhanced after transient glucose stimulation. Thus, short-term signaling, such as that involved in insulin secretion, also may regulate insulin gene transcription.
Fast and on-line link optimization for the long-distance two-way fiber-optic time and frequency transfer (2022)

The performance of long-distance two-way fiber-optic time and frequency (T/F) transfer is directly affected by link parameters. In this paper, a fast on-line scheme to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at the T/F transfer link ends (denoted by SNR<sub>W</sub> and SNR<sub>E</sub>) is proposed by optimizing the gains of bidirectional Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (Bi-EDFAs). The dedicatedly defined objective optimization functions, ln(1/SNR<sub>W</sub> + 1/SNR<sub>E</sub>) for microwave and time transfer, and ln(1/SNR<sub>W</sub>) for optical frequency transfer, are proven to be a convex function and enable the computation time to be reduced significantly by employing the fast and mature convex optimization algorithm. The linear equations about the objective optimization function and the fiber parameters required by optimization are constructed, and then the fiber parameters are proposed to be on-line obtained accordingly by measuring the concerned SNR at the link end under different EDFA gain configurations and solving the linear equations. The transmission matrixes for the proposed optimization scheme are further derived, which can simplify the implementation in the long-distance multiple EDFAs links. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can obtain the optimal parameters consistent with the reported experimental results, and can reduce the computation time by more than four orders compared with the scanning optimization method for a link with more than 6 Bi-EDFAs.
Binary compatible graphics support in Android for running iOS apps (2017)

Mobile apps make extensive use of GPUs on smartphones and tablets to access Web content. To support pervasive Web content, we introduce three key OS techniques for binary graphics compatibility necessary to build a real-world system to run iOS and Android apps together on the same smartphone or tablet. First diplomat usage patterns manage resources to bridge proprietary iOS and Android graphics implementations. Second, thread impersonation allows a single thread-specific context to be shared amongst multiple threads using multiple iOS and Android personas. Third, dynamic library replication allows multiple, independent instances of the same library to be loaded in a single process to support iOS apps on Android while using multiple graphics API versions at the same time. We use these techniques to build a system prototype, and demonstrate that it runs widely-used iOS apps, including apps such as Safari that use the popular GPU-accelerated WebKit framework, using a Google Nexus tablet running Android.
Scanning probe microscope e.g. atomic force microscope, has two actuators arranged in opposed push-pull configuration, and support constrains motion of one of two actuators in one axis to permit translation along another axis (2006)

NOVELTY - The microscope has a housing (12), and two actuators (14, 16) are arranged in an opposed push-pull configuration that is coupled to the housing. A support (22) is coupled to the housing and to one of the two actuators at a position that is spaced from a point at which the actuator is coupled to the housing. The support constrains a motion of one of the two actuators along an axis to permit translation along another axis. USE - Scanning probe microscope e.g. atomic force microscope. ADVANTAGE - The support constrains the motion of one of the two actuators in one axis to permit translation along another axis, thus reducing mechanical oscillations while imaging, and hence improving the efficiency of the scanning probe microscope.
PREVENTION OF GUM FORMATION AND VISCOSITY INCREASES IN COAL-DERIVED DISTILLATE FUELS (1986)

ABSTRACT Metal chelating additives at 1% w/w do not prevent gum precipitation and/or viscosity increases in coal-derived distillate fuels stored in air at 50°C. However, distillates containing 10-15% w/w of added cyclohexanol, dipropylamine, ethylmethylketone or iso-propanol do not precipitate gum or increase in viscosity under simulated storage conditions. Data for cyclohexanol/fuel mixtures suggest that gum formation is inhibited by hydrogen-bonding between cyclohexanol and fuel constituents.
Synthesizing Normalized Faces from Facial Identity Features (2017)

We present a method for synthesizing a frontal, neutral-expression image of a person's face given an input face photograph. This is achieved by learning to generate facial landmarks and textures from features extracted from a facial-recognition network. Unlike previous generative approaches, our encoding feature vector is largely invariant to lighting, pose, and facial expression. Exploiting this invariance, we train our decoder network using only frontal, neutral-expression photographs. Since these photographs are well aligned, we can decompose them into a sparse set of landmark points and aligned texture maps. The decoder then predicts landmarks and textures independently and combines them using a differentiable image warping operation. The resulting images can be usedfor a number of applications, such as analyzing facial attributes, exposure and white balance adjustment, or creating a 3-D avatar.
Thermodynamic simulation of a rotating Ericsson-cycle magnetic refrigerator without a regenerator (1987)

A magnetic Ericsson cycle, which consists of two isothermal stages and two isofield stages, is generally thought to require regenerators. However, a new concept makes it possible to realize magnetic refrigerators capable of executing an Ericsson-cycle without using regenerators. The basic principle lies in directly linking the two isofield changes by transferring heat between the isofield stages through heat paths rather than through regenerators. A fundamental configuration is proposed for a rotating magnetic refrigerator that operates based on this concept. A simulation of the thermodynamic cycle in this simplified refrigerator model shows that the system is theoretically feasible.
Optical Detector Array Design for Navigational Feedback Between Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) (2015)

Designs for an optical sensor detector array for use in autonomous control of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), or between UUVs and docking station, are studied in this paper. Here, various optical detector arrays are designed for the purpose of determining and distinguishing relative 5 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) motion between UUVs: 3-DOF translation and 2-DOF rotation (pitch and yaw). In this paper, a numerically based simulator is developed to evaluate varying detector array designs. The simulator includes a single light source as a guiding beacon for a variety of UUV motion types. The output images of the light field intersecting the detector array are calculated based on detector hardware characteristics, the optical properties of water, and expected noise sources. Using the simulator, the performance of planar and curved detector array designs (of varying size arrays) are analytically compared and evaluated. Output images are validated using empirical in situ measurements conducted in underwater facilities at the University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Results of this study show that the optical detector array is able to distinguish relative 5-DOF motion with respect to the simulator light source. Furthermore, tests confirm that the proposed detector array design is able to distinguish positional changes of 0.2 m and rotational changes of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> within 4-8 m range in x-axis based on given output images.
Seminal plasma contains ?BPSA,? a molecular form of prostate-specific antigen that is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2000)

BPSA represents a distinct form of inactive PSA in the seminal plasma that may represent a specific marker for the biochemical changes associated with nodular development in the prostate transition zone found in patients with BPH.
TWO-STAGE VARIABLE CLUSTERING FOR LARGE DATA SETS (2008)

In data mining, principal component analysis is a popular dimension reduction technique. It also provides a good remedy for the multicollinearity problem, but its interpretation of input space is not as good. To overcome the interpretation problem, principal components (cluster components) are obtained through variable clustering, which was implemented with PROC VARCLUS. The procedure uses oblique principal components analysis and binary iterative splits for variable clustering, and it provides non-orthogonal principal components. Even if this procedure sacrifices the orthogonal property among principal components, it provides good interpretable principal components and well-explained cluster structures of variables. However, the PROC VARCLUS implementation is inefficient to deal with high-dimensional data. We introduce the two-stage, variable clustering technique for large data sets. This technique uses global clusters, sub-clusters, and their principal components.
Dissolution of Sulfide Scale: A Step Change With a Novel, High Performance, Non-Mineral Acid Chemical (2016)

Abstract Iron sulfide scale can be relatively common-place in maturing oil wells and produced water handling systems. Iron sulfide can also be commonly formed as a corrosion product, due to sour corrosion resulting from H2S containing fluids being processed through carbon steel tubulars. As more sour production is brought on-stream iron sulfide continues to become more prevalent. There are few options for removing deposits of iron sulfide scales especially when it comes to choice of chemistry. This paper discusses the most commonly performed techniques for iron sulfide removal, including hydrochloric acid, organic acids and THPS, and the varying degrees of success that these chemistries have in application. Challenges using hydrochloric acid are encountered due to the potentially high yield of H2S upon dissolution of the scale, along with FeCl2 and therefore the potential of secondary deposition. This paper provides data on the development of a new dissolver for iron sulfide. Dissolver tests were performed initially on laboratory generated iron sulfide scale to optimize the formulation. Further testing was performed on different polymorphs of iron sulfide including pyrite, pyrrhotite, troilite, marcasite and mackinawite. Furthermore, several field scales were obtained and after XRD analysis, tested with the novel dissolver chemistry. It was shown that the new chemistry significantly outperformed THPS based dissolvers (active for active) and as well as 7.5% HCl. The corrosion rate of the novel chemistry was significantly lower than inhibited HCl and commercial THPS based blends. Testing was also performed at high pressure in order to understand the influence that pressure has on dissolution rates for all the commonly used dissolver chemicals. The new dissolver chemistry has significant chelating ability for sulfide scales as well as other ‘standard’ scale types including, calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. The new product offers an effective multi-functional solution to dissolution of heterogeneous scale deposits. The paper concludes with a case history of field application summarizing in detail the parameters of the field deployment and various KPIs used to measure success. The application is unusual as it was performed using a continuous injection method into an online system.
Shape-changing magnetic assemblies as high-sensitivity NMR-readable nanoprobes (2015)

A shape-changing sensor made of pairs of magnetic disks spaced by swellable hydrogel material removes all need for optical access by operating in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) radio-frequency spectrum.
Efficient Stream Sampling for Variance-Optimal Estimation of Subset Sums (2011)

From a high volume stream of weighted items, we want to maintain a generic sample of a certain limited size k that we can later use to estimate the total weight of arbitrary subsets. This is the classic context of on-line reservoir sampling, thinking of the generic sample as a reservoir. We present an efficient reservoir sampling scheme, $\textnormal{\sc VarOptk}$, that dominates all previous schemes in terms of estimation quality. $\textnormal{\sc VarOptk}$ provides variance optimal unbiased estimation of subset sums. More precisely, if we have seen n items of the stream, then for any subset size m, our scheme based on k samples minimizes the average variance over all subsets of size m. In fact, the optimality is against any off-line scheme with k samples tailored for the concrete set of items seen. In addition to optimal average variance, our scheme provides tighter worst-case bounds on the variance of particular subsets than previously possible. It is efficient, handling each new item of the stream in $O(\log k)$ time. Finally, it is particularly well suited for combinations of samples from different streams in a distributed setting.
Identification of Cytotoxic, T‐Cell‐Selective 1,4‐Benzodiazepine‐2,5‐diones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photoferroelectric Image Storage in PLZT Ceramics. (1981)

The photosensitivity of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics is increased by as much as four orders of magnitude by implantation of inert gas ions in the image storage surface. The photoferroelectric image storage device can be used as a temporary image store, for contrast enhancement of the stored image, and for holographic storage. (Author)
Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of 3-Alkylamido-3-deoxy-betulinic Acid Derivatives. (2000)

3-Alkylamido-3-deoxy-betulinic acids were synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV activity as part of the structure-activity relationship study of the potent anti-HIV agent 3-O-(3',3'-dimethyl)-succinyl-betulinic acid (DSB) (2). 3Alpha-diglycorylamide-3-deoxy-betulinic acid demonstrated relatively potent anti-HIV activity (EC50 0.24 microm, TI 728). However, replacing the ester group at C-3 in 2 and its analogues with an amido group yielded inactive or much less potent compounds against HIV replication, indicating that the ester group at C-3 in 2-4 is essential for potent anti-HIV activity.
From slowing down to stopping of electromagnetic waves within ultrawide bandwidth based on plasmonic graded metallic gratings: A novel scheme for “trapped rainbow” (2008)

We demonstrate that since the group velocity of spoof surface plasmon polariton modes at the cutoff frequency is extremely low, electromagnetic waves with different frequencies can be slowed down or even stopped at different positions.
Copper Azide Confined Inside Templated Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Abstract The currently used primary explosives, such as lead azide and lead styphnate, present serious health hazards due to the toxicity of lead. There is a need to replace them with equally energetic but safer‐to‐handle and more environmentally friendly materials. Copper azide is more environmentally acceptable, but very sensitive and detonates easily from electrostatic charges during handling. If the highly sensitive copper azide is encapsulated within conducting containers, such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)‐templated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), its sensitivity can be tamed. This work describes a technique for confining energetic copper azide within CNTs. ∼5 nm colloidal copper oxide nanoparticles are synthesized and filled into the 200 nm diameter CNTs, produced by template synthesis. The Cu‐O inside the CNTs is reduced in hydrogen to copper, and reacted with hydrazoic acid gas to produce copper azide. Upon initiation, the 60 μm long straight, open‐ended CNTs guide decomposition gases along the tube channel without fracturing the nanotube walls. These novel materials have potential for applications as nano‐detonators and green primary explosives; they also offer new opportunities for understanding the physics of detonation at the nanoscale.