gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of GaAs light modulators on Si by gas source molecular-beam epitaxy for 850 nm optical interconnects (1994)

The growth of GaAs quantum well modulators on Si for photonic switching applications is reported. Comparison of modulator’s quantum confined Stark effect atop different miscut Si surfaces demonstrate the need for a highly ordered array of bilayer steps as an initial Si surface condition for heteroepitaxy. Proton implantation into the SiO2/Si system via an electron cyclotron resonance plasma to lower the Si oxide desorption temperature, while perserving step ordering of the surface, is explored.
Pulse wave velocity and the second derivative of the finger photoplethysmogram in treated hypertensive patients (2002)

The results suggest that in hypertensive patients, PWV and SDPTG provide different information about arterial properties at central and peripheral sites.
Roof integrated commercial PV design (1994)

There are some aspects of PV systems which must be carefully considered in the detailed design stage. These are a consequence of the nature of the PV conversion (i.e. that the efficiency reduces with increasing temperature), of the requirements of the building envelope (i.e. weatherability) and safety requirements (i.e. high voltage DC systems). This paper reports on a program to design and test and commercialise a system within these constraints.
Removal of PCB from oils and soils (1984)

These results give new insights into the mechanisms for the robust anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc® in the steady state and SARS-CoV-2-specific immune leukocyte responses, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
Minimum-Energy Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Network Coding (2005)

The minimum energy required to transmit one bit of information through a network characterizes the most economical way to communicate in a network. In this paper, we show that, under a layered model of wireless networks, the minimum energy-per-bit for multicasting in a mobile ad hoc network can be found by a linear program; the minimum energy-per-bit can be attained by performing network coding. Compared with conventional routing solutions, network coding not only allows a potentially lower energy-per-bit to be achieved, but also enables the optimal solution to be found in polynomial time, in sharp contrast with the NP-hardness of constructing the minimum-energy multicast tree as the optimal routing solution. We further show that the minimum energy multicast formulation is equivalent to a cost minimization with linear edge-based pricing, where the edge prices are the energy-per-bits of the corresponding physical broadcast links. This paper also investigates minimum energy multicasting with routing. Due to the linearity of the pricing scheme, the minimum energy-per-bit for routing is achievable by using a single distribution tree. A characterization of the admissible rate region for routing with a single tree is presented. The minimum energy-per-bit for multicasting with routing is found by an integer linear program. We show that the relaxation of this integer linear program, studied earlier in the Steiner tree literature, can now be interpreted as the optimization for minimum energy multicasting with network coding. In short, this paper presents a unifying study of minimum energy multicasting with network coding and routing.
Orientation-specific responses to sustained uniaxial stretching in focal adhesion growth and turnover (2013)

Cells are mechanosensitive to extracellular matrix (ECM) deformation, which can be caused by muscle contraction or changes in hydrostatic pressure. Focal adhesions (FAs) mediate the linkage between the cell and the ECM and initiate mechanically stimulated signaling events. We developed a stretching apparatus in which cells grown on fibronectin-coated elastic substrates can be stretched and imaged live to study how FAs dynamically respond to ECM deformation. Human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell line U2OS was transfected with GFP-paxillin as an FA marker and subjected to sustained uniaxial stretching. Two responses at different timescales were observed: rapid FA growth within seconds after stretching, and delayed FA disassembly and loss of cell polarity that occurred over tens of minutes. Rapid FA growth occurred in all cells; however, delayed responses to stretch occurred in an orientation-specific manner, specifically in cells with their long axes perpendicular to the stretching direction, but not in cells with their long axes parallel to stretch. Pharmacological treatments demonstrated that FA kinase (FAK) promotes but Src inhibits rapid FA growth, whereas FAK, Src, and calpain 2 all contribute to delayed FA disassembly and loss of polarity in cells perpendicular to stretching. Immunostaining for phospho-FAK after stretching revealed that FAK activation was maximal at 5 s after stretching, specifically in FAs oriented perpendicular to stretch. We hypothesize that orientation-specific activation of strain/stress-sensitive proteins in FAs upstream to FAK and Src promote orientation-specific responses in FA growth and disassembly that mediate polarity rearrangement in response to sustained stretch.
Surface copper contamination of as-received float-zone silicon wafers (1989)

As-received float-zone Si wafers from two major suppliers are shown to have surface Cu contamination at a level of ∼5×1011 atoms cm−2, detectable by both low-temperature photoluminescence and room-temperature x-ray fluorescence. The effects of selective chemical removal of Cu from, or Cu adsorption onto, the front or rear surfaces of wafers have demonstrated where the majority of the contamination resides, thereby revealing its possible origin.
A vector ADPCM analysis-by-synthesis configuration for 16 kbit/s speech coding (2003)

A speech-coding algorithm based on the introduction of a vector quantizer into an ADPCM (adaptive differential pulse code modulation) configuration is presented. This vector ADPCM (VADPCM) algorithm is directed toward low-complexity, low-delay (0-5 ms), 16-kb/s applications. An analysis-by-synthesis configuration is used to allow the vector quantizer to operate with the usual scalar linear predictor. Performance/complexity tradeoffs are described. Methods for reducing the implementation complexity to the level of the standard 32-kb/s CCITT algorithm are indicated. Noise feedback, postfiltering, and gain-adaptive vector quantization are used to improve the performance while maintaining low complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of Formation Damage During Fluid Injection into Fractured, Low Permeability Reservoirs via Neural Networks (1996)

Abstract The coupled, nonlinear and dynamic mechanisms that affect fluid injection for pressure maintenance or displacement, and oil production, are not well understood in low permeability fractured reservoirs. Thus, it is difficult to select an injection policy which maximizes oil recovery while minimizing formation damage caused by fluid injection and withdrawal. Here, we show that neural network models can be developed and used to predict, on a well-by-well basis, the dynamics of low permeability, fractured reservoirs undergoing fluid injection. The networks are trained using historical data from field operations. We present an example from (i) a water and (ii) a steam injection project where over-pressurization has lead to unwanted extensions of fractures. First, using data from a waterflood project in the South Belridge Diatomite (Kern County, CA), we have built a neural network to predict wellhead pressure as a function of injection rate, and vice versa. The resulting model provides an excellent correlation between the inputs and outputs and recognizes major patterns in the input data structure, even though the behavior of the waterflood is complex. Second, using data from a dual injector steam drive pilot in the same field, we have created neural networks which correlate the injection pressures and rates, and temperature responses in seven observation wells. Assuming a future injection pressure policy, the neural networks predict the injection rate and growth of heated reservoir volume. These predictions are then combined with a history-matching reservoir simulator to demonstrate how predictive simulation can be achieved even when mechanisms of steam injection and oil displacement into a tight fractured rock are not fully understood.
Magic angle sample spinning NMR spectroscopy of liquids as a nondestructive method for studies of plant seeds (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagic angle sample spinning NMR spectroscopy of liquids as a nondestructive method for studies of plant seedsVenceslav RutarCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 1, 67–70Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00085a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00085a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel ultra compact surface mountable 1A/500V rated Intelligent Power Module (IPM) utilizing Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology (2007)

Transfer mold manufacturing technology has been successfully applied to intelligent power modules (IPM) for the 600 V and 1200 V range for more than 9 years now. In this period the current range of the IPMs has been successively increased from 3 A to 50 A and the packaging technology has gone significant improvements with respect to package weight and thermal resistance. At the lower end of the drive power, e.g. drives having a typical power rating of 100 W, inverters were built recently utilizing discrete IGBT / MOSFET and high voltage integrated circuits (HVIC). The new highly integrated surface mountable IPM allows a significant space reduction and the employment of extended protection functions like short circuit (SC) and over temperature (OT) protection with a space requirement on a printed circuit board (PCB) of less than the half of the equivalent of three HVICs only. Integration provides higher reliability and space effective solutions for higher power density of drives. The paper presents the used single chip technology, describes the key features and concludes with an evaluation of the achievable output power as a result of different cooling approaches verified on an evaluation board.
Actively monitoring peers in KAD (2007)

In recent years, a large number of DHTs have been proposed. However, very few of them have been deployed in real-life large scale systems. An exception is KAD, a DHT based on Kademlia that is part of the widely used eMule peer-to-peer system, which has more than 1.5 million simultaneous users. We have developed a very fast crawler and explored KAD for more than a month by crawling part of the KAD ID space, which takes only a few seconds. We find that there are two classes of peers, long-lived peers that participate in KAD for weeks and short-lived peers that remain in KAD no more than few days before they permanently leave. Most of the peers that join KAD for the first time are short-lived peers. Since inter-session times can be as large as one week, one needs to crawl KAD for more than a week to be able to identify and characterize short-lived peers.
Phase-error correction for multiple planes using a sharpness metric (2009)

Phase errors in multiple planes create an anisoplanatic (space-variant) blur in an image. We show how phase errors in multiple planes can be corrected with the use of a sharpness metric for heterodyne or holographic imaging. We derive the theoretical framework necessary for this anisoplanatic imaging situation. A digital simulation and results are presented. We demonstrate the success of this nonlinear optimization technique for phase errors in two planes.
A flexible bioluminescent-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for analysis of competitive PCR amplicons (1999)

Aequorin-based flash-type bioluminescent methods can detect nucleic acid molecules in the attomolar range (10(-18)) enabling improved monitoring of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at cycles previously considered too low for product detection. The high sensitivity of bioluminescence (BL) was used to examine the efficiency of the PCR and to assess the effect of substrate variation during the linear phase of amplification. Primer efficiency was dependent on initial template concentration, in a manner indicative of a two-component reaction. However, the rate of amplicon formation was significantly impaired at low template levels and could not be overcome by excess primer. The PCR was directly dependent upon nucleotide concentration, which was independent of template concentration. Conditions were identified for optimal linear amplification and detection using BL. Accurate quantitative analysis was performed using competitive coamplification of a specific target standard sequence containing identical target primer recognition sites and novel internal sequences. Quantitation was most accurate when target molecule was similar in concentration to the internal standard. The Bioluminescent Quantitative-PCR (BLQ-PCR) assay has the potential to eliminate processing variability. We demonstrated high quantitative potential with a broad dynamic range. Overall, the BLQ-PCR assay is flexible and a viable alternative to contemporary Q-PCR techniques.
Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives (2021)

With rapid advances in high-speed communication and computation, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging as next-generation display platforms for deeper human-digital interactions. Nonetheless, to simultaneously match the exceptional performance of human vision and keep the near-eye display module compact and lightweight imposes unprecedented challenges on optical engineering. Fortunately, recent progress in holographic optical elements (HOEs) and lithography-enabled devices provide innovative ways to tackle these obstacles in AR and VR that are otherwise difficult with traditional optics. In this review, we begin with introducing the basic structures of AR and VR headsets, and then describing the operation principles of various HOEs and lithography-enabled devices. Their properties are analyzed in detail, including strong selectivity on wavelength and incident angle, and multiplexing ability of volume HOEs, polarization dependency and active switching of liquid crystal HOEs, device fabrication, and properties of micro-LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and large design freedoms of metasurfaces. Afterwards, we discuss how these devices help enhance the AR and VR performance, with detailed description and analysis of some state-of-the-art architectures. Finally, we cast a perspective on potential developments and research directions of these photonic devices for future AR and VR displays.
Guselkumab, a human interleukin‐23 monoclonal antibody in Japanese patients with generalized pustular psoriasis and erythrodermic psoriasis: Efficacy and safety analyses of a 52‐week, phase 3, multicenter, open‐label study (2018)

Abstract Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) are the rare and severe subtypes of psoriasis, which are often difficult to treat. The aim of this phase 3, open‐label study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of guselkumab, a human interleukin‐23 monoclonal antibody, in Japanese patients with GPP and EP. Guselkumab 50 mg was administrated to GPP ( n = 10) and EP ( n = 11) patients at weeks 0, 4 and thereafter every 8 weeks (q8w). Beginning at week 20, patients were escalated to 100 mg q8w if they met the dose escalation criteria. The primary end‐point was the proportion of patients achieving treatment success (Clinical Global Impression score of “very much improved”, “much improved” or “minimally improved”) at week 16. Safety evaluations included assessment of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAE) through week 52. At week 16, the proportions of GPP and EP patients achieving treatment success were 77.8% (7/9) and 90.9% (10/11), respectively. Furthermore, guselkumab treatment consistently showed improvement in responses of secondary end‐points such as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Investigator's Global Assessment, Japanese Dermatological Association severity index and improvement in body surface area involvement. Improvements in quality of life, as assessed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index, were also observed through week 52. The most commonly reported TEAE was nasopharyngitis (28.6%, 6/21). Safety findings were consistent with those observed previously in other studies. In conclusion, guselkumab treatment demonstrated efficacy and showed no safety concerns in Japanese patients with GPP and EP through week 52.
Alloy Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Alloy Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion BatteriesM. N. Obrovac*† and V. L. Chevrier‡View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada‡ Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, 3M Center, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144-1000, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11444–11502Publication Date (Web):November 17, 2014Publication History Received14 April 2014Published online17 November 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500207ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500207greview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43106Altmetric-Citations1679LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alloys,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Lithiation,Silicon Get e-Alerts
The Metal–Support Interaction Concerning the Particle Size Effect of Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Methane Combustion (2017)

The particle size effect of Pd nanoparticles supported on alumina with various crystalline phases on methane combustion was investigated. Pd/θ, α-Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> with weak metal-support interaction showed a volcano-shaped dependence of the catalytic activity on the size of Pd particles, and the catalytic activity of the strongly interacted Pd/γ-Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> increased with the particle size. Based on a structural analysis of Pd nanoparticles using CO adsorption IR spectroscopy and spherical aberration-corrected scanning/transmission electron microscopy, the dependence of catalytic activity on Pd particle size and the alumina crystalline phase was due to the fraction of step sites on Pd particle surface. The difference in fraction of the step site is derived from the particle shape, which varies not only with Pd particle size but also with the strength of metal-support interaction. Therefore, this interaction perturbs the particle size effect of Pd/Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> for methane combustion.
Sample Requirements for Plasma Renin Activity and Immunoreactive Renin (2000)

Renin, an aspartic protease, is rate limiting in the generation of angiotensin (Ang) II, which is a key regulator in the maintenance of salt and water balance by regulating aldosterone secretion and blood pressure (1). Renin is synthesized and secreted into the blood exclusively by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney from prorenin, an inactive precursor, which is produced not only by the kidney, but by other tissues, including the adrenal glands, gonads, and the uteroplacental unit (2). Whereas the secretion of renin is tightly controlled, prorenin secretion is not and is ∼10-fold higher than renin (3).

Although peripheral conversion of prorenin to renin is limited and does not typically occur in vivo, in vitro conversion of prorenin to renin can occur by cryoactivation, so sample handling is critical (4). Historically, samples for renin activity have been collected on ice, frozen, and assayed at 2–8 °C. Cryoactivation occurs when samples are exposed to refrigerated temperatures (4 °C) for extended periods of time (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Because of the high concentration of prorenin relative to renin, cryoactivation can lead to a marked increase in renin concentration. Therefore, to avoid cryoactivation, samples should be collected and assayed at room temperature. Recently, IRMA assays have been developed to directly measure renin in the circulation.

For many years, plasma renin activity (PRA) has been used …
Deep maxout neural networks for speech recognition (2013)

A recently introduced type of neural network called maxout has worked well in many domains. In this paper, we propose to apply maxout for acoustic models in speech recognition. The maxout neuron picks the maximum value within a group of linear pieces as its activation. This nonlinearity is a generalization to the rectified nonlinearity and has the ability to approximate any form of activation functions. We apply maxout networks to the Switchboard phone-call transcription task and evaluate the performances under both a 24-hour low-resource condition and a 300-hour core condition. Experimental results demonstrate that maxout networks converge faster, generalize better and are easier to optimize than rectified linear networks and sigmoid networks. Furthermore, experiments show that maxout networks reduce underfitting and are able to achieve good results without dropout training. Under both conditions, maxout networks yield relative improvements of 1.1-5.1% over rectified linear networks and 2.6-14.5% over sigmoid networks on benchmark test sets.