gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High strength nylon micro‐ and nanofiber based nonwovens via spunbonding (2007)

Abstract In this study we explore the feasibility of using of islands‐in‐the‐sea (I/S) fibers in the spunbond process to produce relatively high strength micro‐ and nanofiber webs. The relationships between the number of islands, percent polymer composition, and the fiber and fabric properties are reported. Nylon 6 (N6) and poly (lactic) acid (PLA) were used as the islands and sea polymers, respectively. Micro‐ and nanofibers were obtained by dissolving PLA polymer from the final spunbond nonwovens. The fibers with 25% N6 showed a decrease in fiber diameter from 1.3 to 0.36 μm (micron) when the number of islands was increased from 36 to 360. The diameter of fibers with 75% N6 showed a decline from 2.3 to 0.5 μm for the same range. Hydroentangling was found to be the preferred method of bonding of the I/S structures; the bonded structures were able to withstand postprocessing steps required for dissolving of the sea from the resulting nonwovens. Hydroentanged micro‐ and nanofiber based nonwovens demonstrated high tensile and tear properties, which were insensitive to the N6 fiber size and its mechanical properties. Bonding efficiency and web uniformity were found to be dominant factors influencing the fabric performance. Overall, our study demonstrated that the I/S configuration is a promising technique for high speed and high throughput production of strong and light weight nonwovens comprised of micro‐ and nanofibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Arylcyclopropanecarboxyl Guanidines as Novel, Potent, and Selective Inhibitors of the Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger Isoform-1 (2001)

A novel series of arylcyclopropanecarboxyl guanidines was synthesized and evaluated for activity against the sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1). In biological assays conducted in an AP1 cell line expressing the human NHE-1 isoform, the starting cyclopropane 3a (IC(50) = 3.5 microM) shows inhibitory activity comparable to cariporide (IC(50) = 3.4 microM). Structure-activity relationships are used to optimize the affinity of various acyl guanidines for NHE-1 by screening the effect of substituents at both aryl and cyclopropyl rings. It is demonstrated that introduction of appropriate hydrophobic groups at the phenyl ring and a gem-dimethyl group at the cyclopropane ring enhances the NHE-1 inhibitory activity by up to 3 orders of magnitude (compound 7f, IC(50) = 0.003 microM). In addition, the gem-dimethyl series of analogues seem to display improved oral bioavailability and longer plasma half-life in rats. Furthermore, the lead benzodihydrofuranyl analogue 1 (BMS-284640) shows over 380-fold increased NHE-1 inhibitory activity as well as improved selectivity for NHE-1 over NHE-2 compared to cariporide.
Ultrabright Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2010)

The first successful approach to synthesizing ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles is reported. Fluorescent dye is physically entrapped inside nanochannels of a silica matrix created during templated sol-gel self-assembly. The problem of dye leakage from open channels is solved by incorporation of hydrophobic groups in the silica matrix. This makes the approach compatible with virtually any dye that can withstand the synthesis. The method is demonstrated using the dye Rhodamine 6G. The obtained 40-nm silica particles are about 30 times brighter than 30-nm coated water-soluble quantum dots. The particles are substantially more photostable than the encapsulated organic dye itself.
Optofluidic flow meter for sub-nanoliter per minute flow measurements (2022)

We demonstrate new capabilities in sub-nanoliter per minute flow control and measurement that are generalizable to cutting-edge light-material interaction and molecular diffusion for chemical and biomedical industries.
Recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses expressing heterologous S1 subunits: potential for a new generation of vaccines that replicate in Vero cells (2018)

The spike glycoprotein (S) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) comprises two subunits, S1 and S2. We have previously demonstrated that the S2 subunit of the avirulent Beau-R strain is responsible for its extended cellular tropism for Vero cells. Two recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses (rIBVs) have been generated; the immunogenic S1 subunit is derived from the IBV vaccine strain, H120, or the virulent field strain, QX, within the genetic background of Beau-R. The rIBVs BeauR-H120(S1) and BeauR-QX(S1) are capable of replicating in primary chicken kidney cell cultures and in Vero cells. These results demonstrate that rIBVs are able to express S1 subunits from genetically diverse strains of IBV, which will enable the rational design of a future generation of IBV vaccines that may be grown in Vero cells.
A review on organic spintronic materials and devices: II. Magnetoresistance in organic spin valves and spin organic light emitting diodes (2016)

In the preceding review paper, Paper I [Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 1 (2016) 128–140], we showed the major experimental and theoretical studies on the first organic spintronic subject, namely organic magnetoresistance (OMAR) in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The topic has recently been of renewed interest as a result of a demonstration of the magneto-conductance (MC) that exceeds 1000% at room temperature using a certain type of organic compounds and device operating condition. In this report, we will review two additional organic spintronic devices, namely organic spin valves (OSVs) where only spin polarized holes exist to cause magnetoresistance (MR), and spin organic light emitting diodes (spin-OLEDs) where both spin polarized holes and electrons are injected into the organic emissive layer to form a magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) hysteretic loop. First, we outline the major advances in OSV studies for understanding the underlying physics of the spin transport mechanism in organic semiconductors (OSCs) and the spin injection/detection at the organic/ferromagnet interface (spinterface). We also highlight some of outstanding challenges in this promising research field. Second, the first successful demonstration of spin-OLEDs is reviewed. We also discuss challenges to achieve the high performance devices. Finally, we suggest an outlook on the future of organic spintronics by using organic single crystals and aligned polymers for the spin transport layer, and a self-assembled monolayer to achieve more controllability for the spinterface.
Diode Laser-Based Concentration Gradient Detector for Detection of Capillary Isoelectric Focusing (1992)

A diode laser-based concentration gradient detector was used in a compact capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) instrument which also includes a short piece of 20- μm-i.d. capillary. The diode laser was mounted with a focusing lens and driving circuit in an 8-cm-long, 2-cm-diameter aluminium barrel, and was powered by a 9-V battery. The size of the whole instrument is about 25 cm × 15 cm—much smaller than that of any other capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument. In order to focus the laser beam into the narrow capillary, optical geometry of the detector was optimized. This diode laser-based detector is the first one which has been applied to CE with capillaries narrower than 50 μm. The detection limit in concentration for ovalbumin reaches 2.0 × 10 −7 M, which corresponds to a 7.0 fmol on-column detection limit for the protein. This on-column detection limit of the universal detector is within the same order of magnitude as that of a diode laser-based fluorescence CE detector. The resolution of the instrument is about 0.02 pH units, and small amounts of protein samples in a wide isoelectric point range can be separated and detected by the compact instrument without derivatization in less than 12 minutes.
Determination of the Structure of a Novel Anion Exchange Fuel Cell Membrane by Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2009)

A novel anion exchange fuel cell membrane was successfully synthesized by chemically attaching proazaphosphatranium/phosphatranium cations under microwave treatment to the sulfonic groups of Nafion-F. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were employed to determine the actual structure and composition of this anion exchange membrane. 31P NMR showed two main signals with a 2:1 intensity ratio and chemical shift changes of +89 and +46 ppm, respectively, from the main peak of phosphatranium chloride. 1H−31P heteronuclear correlation (HetCor) NMR and 1H−31P recoupling experiments indicated that the proton originally bonded to phosphorus in phosphatranium chloride is replaced in the major component of the Nafion−proazaphosphatranium/phosphatranium composite. 19F NMR experiments showed that the fluorine in the −SO2F group of the Nafion-F precursor is fully replaced. 31P{19F} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) experiments measured a P−F internuclear distance of ∼0.4 nm, which showed that the proazaphosphatranium is covalently attached to Nafion through a S−P bond. 13C NMR and 1H−13C HetCor spectra indicated that the proazaphosphatranium structure is maintained even after the microwave treatment at 180 °C and also showed indications of entrapped dimethylformamide solvent.
Progress in photorefractive polymers (1994)

Polymers exhibiting the photorefractive (PR) effect have attracted interest lately because this new class of photorefractive materials offers potentially large improvements in photorefractive figures of merit due to the low dielectric constant of these materials. They also possess other advantages over inorganic materials, such as compositional flexibility and ease of sample preparation and processability.
ChemInform Abstract: Phospha‐s‐triazines. Part 8. Chloro‐Substituted Diphospha‐s‐triazines. (1986)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung äquimolarer Mengen von Imidodiphenyldiphosphinsäurepentachlorid (I) mit den Amidinen (II) erhält man die Phospha‐triazin‐Derivate (III).
Integration of rule-based formant synthesis and waveform concatenation: a hybrid approach to text-to-speech synthesis (2004)

This paper describes an approach to speech synthesis in which waveform fragments dynamically produced with a set of formant-based synthesis rules are concatenated with pre-stored natural speech waveform fragments to produce a synthetic utterance. While this hybrid approach was originally implemented as a tool for research into improved voice quality in formant-based synthesis, it has produced such good results that we now view it as a potentially viable and advantageous approach for a text-to-speech product. Possible advantages of the approach include smaller speech databases for waveform concatenation, enhancement of certain speech cues for sub-optimal listening environments, and improved and more efficient unit selection/production. In addition, the approach has already proven its utility as a tool for research and development in both concatenative and formant-based synthesis.
Luminescence properties of blue La1−xCexAl(Si6−zAlz)(N10−zOz) (z∼1) oxynitride phosphors and their application in white light-emitting diode (2007)

This letter reports blue oxynitride phosphors of La1−xCexAl(Si6−zAlz)(N10−zOz) (z∼1) (termed JEM crystal phase) and their application for the white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The JEM phosphor can be excited by 405nm light efficiently, and its spectrum can be tuned widely by changing the Ce concentration. The emission spectrum of this phosphor is as wide as 110nm in full width at half maximum, which is convenient to solid state lighting. The preparation of white LED was attempted by using a 405nm InGaN chip and oxynitride phosphors in this work. High color rendering index &gt;95 was achieved in white LED with various correlated color temperatures, indicating the suitability of the JEM phosphor in solid-state lightings.
Palladium-catalyzed annulation of 1,4-dienes using ortho-functionally-substituted aryl halides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed annulation of 1,4-dienes using ortho-functionally-substituted aryl halidesR. C. Larock, N. G. Berrios-Pena, C. A. Fried, E. K. Yum, C. Tu, and W. LeongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 17, 4509–4510Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00069a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00069a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views736Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monoclonal-Antibody-Mediated Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses (1988)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REVs). The assay uses a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) prepared against a 62-kilodalton REV envelope glycoprotein (gp62) to capture antigen, rabbit anti-REV serum as detection antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG as indicator antibody. The MCAs were reactive with REV strain T, chick syncytial virus, and duck infectious anemia virus but unreactive against Marek's disease and avian leukosis viruses. The ELISA was compared with complement fixation test and REV immunofluorescent assay of infected fibroblasts, plasmas, and egg albumen from infected chickens. The lower limit of gp62 detection was about 120 ng of REV protein. Limit dilution of infectious REV was detected after 7-8 days of cultivation of infected fibroblasts.
Nafion/Sulfonated Montmorillonite Composite:  A New Concept Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2005)

An organic species bearing an organic sulfonic acid (HSO3-) was grafted onto the surface of montmorillonite (MMT) by silane condensation, and the composite membranes were cast together with Nafion. The performance of the Nafion/HSO3−MMT composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was evaluated in terms of methanol permeability, proton conductivity, and cell performance. The methanol permeability of the composite membrane decreased dramatically with increasing content of HSO3−MMT in the composite membrane. By rendering proton conductivity to MMT by functionalization with an organic sulfonic acid, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane was lowered only slightly from that of pristine Nafion 115. The combination of these effects led to a significant improvement in the performance of DMFCs made with Nafion/HSO3−MMT composite membranes.
Broadband Active Balun Using Combined Cascode–Cascade Configuration (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new configuration is proposed for an active balun, which uses a cascode and cascade pair with the shared input transistor. It is designed in the IBM 8HP 130-nm BiCMOS process, which operates over a broad bandwidth up to 17 GHz where the imbalance of the differential output is less than 1.8 dB in amplitude and less then 10° in phase, over the input's dynamic range of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$-{\hbox{25–5 dBm}}$</tex></formula>, under the dc power consumption of 198.8 mW. The circuit contains no internal dc blocking capacitors so that the bandwidth's lower end frequency best extends as close to dc as possible. The circuit contains only one line inductor with the value of 0.2 nH, and the compacted layout is expected to fit in limited chip areas as small as 0.2 mm <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex> </formula> 0.2 mm, which makes them well suited for built-in self-test applications, as well as general differential circuits requiring compact-sized broadband baluns. </para>
Establishment and characterization of a human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line that expresses multiple pathways of steroid biosynthesis. (1990)

We established a continuous cell line, NCI-H295, from an invasive primary adrenocortical carcinoma. The cell line was established in a fully defined medium (HITES) and later could be adapted for growth in a simple medium supplemented only with selenium, insulin, and transferrin and devoid of serum, steroids, fibroblast growth factor, and a source of exogenous cholesterol. NCI-H295 cells had a relatively long population doubling time and were tumorigenic when inoculated s.c. into athymic nude mice. The cultured cells had ultrastructural features of steroid-secreting cells and contained complex cytogenetic abnormalities including the presence of multiple marker chromosomes. Steroid analyses (radioimmunoassays and mass spectrometry), performed 7 to 9 years after culture initiation, demonstrated secretion of more than 30 steroids characteristic of adrenocortical cells. Total unconjugated steroid secretion in serum-supplemented medium was 2.83 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 h and about 4-fold less in serum-free medium. The major pathway of pregnenolone metabolism in NCI-H295 cells is androgen synthesis, with formation of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testotesterone, and at least three sulfated androgens, as well as estrogens. In addition, formation of cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenidione indicated the presence of 11 beta-hydroxylase. Thus, multiple pathways of steroidogenesis are expressed by NCI-H295 cells, including formation of corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. Our findings indicate the presence in NCI-H295 cells of all of the major adrenocortical enzyme systems, including 11 beta-hydroxylase, desmolase, 21 alpha-hydroxylase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 18-hydroxylase, lyase, sulfokinase, and aromatase. The NCI-H295 cell line should prove of value in studying the regulation, metabolic pathways, and enzymes involved in steroid formation and secretion. In addition, it may provide insights into the biology and treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.
Entangled-photon quantum cryptography (2000)

Summary form only given. Quantum cryptography uses single photons to allow secure distribution of secret key material to sender and receiver, without the possibility of an undetected eavesdropper. In the protocol suggested by Ekert, each photon of a quantum-mechanically entangled pair is sent to the sender and receiver, who randomly measure the polarization in various bases. If the bases are the same, then sender and receiver will have completely correlated measurement results, which become the shared secret key. Other combinations of measurements are used to test Bell's inequalities, which limit the possible correlations achievable with any local realistic theory. The presence of an intermediate eavesdropper can be readily detected by an inability to violate Bell's inequality. Using the polarization-entangled photon pairs from a novel spontaneous parametric down-conversion source, we have experimentally implemented. Ekert's proposal.
Efficient traitor tracing for clone attack in content protection (2011)

In this paper we design efficient traitor tracing scheme for a pirate clone attack against a broadcast-encryption-based content protection system. In this content protection system, each user(device) is assigned a set of secret keys. In a clone attack, pirates (legitimate users) compromise their devices, extract their secret keys and use those keys to build a clone device. The clone device allows decryption of content that is originally only accessible by legitimate devices. The pirates can sell the clone device for profits. When a clone device is recovered, a traitor tracing scheme could identify which compromised devices' (called traitors) keys are in the clone. Once the compromised keys are detected, they can be disabled for future content access. In the process of tracing traitors, a series of carefully constructed cipher text is fed into the clone device and the reaction of the clone device is observed and used to deduce which keys are contained inside the clone. The traceability of a tracing scheme is measured by the number of testing cipher texts needed to identify the traitors. The state-of-art traitor tracing schemes in the symmetric key setting achieve O(t3 log t) traceabilities for t traitors. Unfortunately the theoretically efficient polynomial traceability could convert to years' tracing time in reality. In this paper, we present a practical approach that combines traditional traitor tracing scheme design with system security engineering consideration by introducing a "software key conversion data" virtual program. This combination enables our approach to drastically improve traceability over the state-of-art traitor tracing scheme existed in applied cryptography community. The traceabilities for clone attack is improved from O(t3 log t) to O(t) which converts the tracing time from the original 15 years to 4 hours for a clone attack of 100 traitors. Our much improved traceabilities makes them ultimately adopted to use in AACS [1], the new industry content protection standard for next generation high definition DVDs.
A Unique Domain of pRb2/p130 Acts as an Inhibitor of Cdk2 Kinase Activity (1997)

The Cdk2 kinase has long been known to be involved in the progression of mammalian cells past the G1 phase restriction point and through DNA replication in the cell cycle. The Rb family of proteins, consisting of pRb, p107, and pRb2/p130, has also been shown to monitor progression of G1 phase, mostly through their interaction with E2F family members. p107 is able to inhibit Cdk2 kinase activity through this interaction via a p21-related domain present in the C terminus of the protein. We show here that pRb2/p130 also possesses this activity, but through a separate domain. Moreover, we correlate the increased expression of pRb2/p130 during various cellular processes with the decreased kinase activity of Cdk2. We hypothesize that pRb2/p130 may act not only to bind and modify E2F activity, but also to inhibit Cdk2 kinase activity in concert with p21 in a manner different from p107.
Ferroelectric control of spin-transfer torque in multiferroic tunnel junctions (2015)

Based on model calculations we predict electric-field control of the spin-transfer torque (STT) in magnetic tunnel junctions with ferroelectric barriers. We demonstrate that the bias dependence of the in-plane ${T}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and out-of-plane ${T}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ components of the STT can be dramatically modified by the ferroelectric polarization. In particular, the magnitude of the STT can be enhanced or suppressed by switching the polarization direction and in some cases the sign of STT can be toggled. The underlying mechanism is the combination of polarization-induced symmetry breaking and the interplay of the bias-induced and polarization-induced spin-dependent screening giving rise to a rich behavior of the electrostatic potential energy profile. These properties could lead to enhanced switching efficiency in STT-based devices and open a new avenue for applications of multiferroic devices.