gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed high-resolution fiber diameter variation measurement system (1985)

A fiber diameter variation measurement system is described which is capable of measuring transparent fibers with 0.02% diameter resolution and 6-microm axial resolution at a measurement rate of 1 kHz and with a working distance of >100 mm. The principles of its operation are discussed in detail, and experimental confirmation of its performance is reported. A theoretical calculation of the optimum obtainable diameter resolution for a given set of experimental parameters is also presented.
Motion-based video segmentation with boundary refinement (2010)

Motion-based video segmentation remains an important problem in video processing. A promising approach that has received significant attention formulates the problem as an energy minimization within a MAP-MRF framework. While a great deal of progress has been made toward finding robust and computationally reasonable motion segmentation methods, automatically generating such a segmentation that performs well at motion boundaries remains a challenging task. To address this problem, we propose and demonstrate a motion-based video segmentation method that uses an automatic color-based boundary refinement strategy to obtain a boundary-accurate segmentation within a reasonable computation time.
Biological effects of anti-lipid and anti-protein monoclonal antibodies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against Mycoplasma pneumoniae surface components were examined for their ability to block mycoplasma attachment to chicken erythrocytes. Purified preparations of antibodies which recognize the major mycoplasma ligand mediating cytadherence (protein P1, 165 kilodaltons) inhibited attachment by more than 85% of the control values. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with two other surface proteins of 110 and 32 kilodaltons also blocked attachment. Surprisingly, monoclonal antibodies specific for M. pneumoniae lipids (J. Morrison-Plummer, D. H. Jones, and J. B. Baseman, J. Immunol. Methods 64:165-178, 1983) enhanced mycoplasma-erythrocyte binding. All antibodies examined had no effect on thymidine incorporation by M. pneumoniae.
16.1: Recent Improvements of Bistable Nematic Displays Switched By Anchoring Breaking (BiNem®) (2001)

Abstract We present recent major improvements of 180° bistable twisted nematics displays (BiNem®), a new nematic bistable display technology characterized by the breaking of monostable anchoring. This technology allows the switching between 0° and 180°‐twisted stable textures. We show that optimization of the liquid crystal material, suitable rubbed polymer anchoring layers, and the use of a simple multiplexing scheme allow, for the first time, to demonstrate a high contrast with a medium resolution black and white passive matrix. Excellent contrast ratio, wide view angle, pure black and white optical states, good response times and low electrical consumption are achieved.
MC3D: Motion Contrast 3D Scanning (2015)

Structured light 3D scanning systems are fundamentally constrained by limited sensor bandwidth and light source power, hindering their performance in real-world applications where depth information is essential, such as industrial automation, autonomous transportation, robotic surgery, and entertainment. We present a novel structured light technique called Motion Contrast 3D scanning (MC3D) that maximizes bandwidth and light source power to avoid performance trade-offs. The technique utilizes motion contrast cameras that sense temporal gradients asynchronously, i.e., independently for each pixel, a property that minimizes redundant sampling. This allows laser scanning resolution with single-shot speed, even in the presence of strong ambient illumination, significant inter-reflections, and highly reflective surfaces. The proposed approach will allow 3D vision systems to be deployed in challenging and hitherto inaccessible real-world scenarios requiring high performance using limited power and bandwidth.
Clock Synchronization - An Approach using Mapping Functions (2014)

In a distributed system most nodes maintain a local oscillator to derive time information for synchronization with other nodes. A number of clock synchronization techniques have been presented in the literature (e.g. NTP, PTP) which rely on the exchange of messages among nodes to share timing information and to adjust the offset or skew of the clocks. In this paper we present an approach which does not require any adjustments to the local clocks, but relies on achieving synchronization through clock mapping functions which map the time at one node to the time at another node. We further show how closed paths in a graph of nodes can be used to estimate the synchronization tolerance. Through experimental results using piecewise linear functions, we demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and show how clock synchronization of better than 100 ps can be achieved in Wi-Fi environments.
A cooperative framework for segmentation using 2D active contours and 3D hybrid models as applied to branching cylindrical structures (2002)

Hybrid models are powerful tools for recovery in that they simultaneously provide a gross parametric as well as a detailed description of an object. However, it is difficult to directly employ hybrid models in the segmentation process since they are not guaranteed to locate the optimal boundaries in cross-sectional slices. Propagating 2D active contours from slice to slice, on the other hand, to delineate an object's boundaries is often effective, but may run into problems when the object's topology changes, such as at bifurcations or even in areas of high curvature. Here, we present a cooperative framework to exploit the positive aspects of both 3D hybrid model and 2D active contour approaches for segmentation and recovery. In this framework the user-defined parametric component of a 3D hybrid model provides constraints for a set of 2D segmentations performed by active contours. The same hybrid model is then fit both parametrically and locally to this segmentation. For the hybrid model fit we employ several new variations on the physically-motivated paradigm which seek to speed recovery while guaranteeing stability. A by-product of these variations is an increased generality of the method via the elimination, of some of its ad hoc parameters. We apply our cooperative framework to the recovery of branching cylindrical structures from 3D image volumes. The hybrid model we employ has a novel parametric component which is a fusion of individual cylinders. These cylinders have spines that are arbitrary space curves and cross-sections which may be any star shaped planar curve.
Superconducting Accelerator Magnet Cooling Systems (1973)

A cryogenic system has been designed for cooling ~1000 superconducting magnets associated with the proposed "energy-doubler" at the National Accelerator Laboratory. This paper reports on design parameters, cooling concepts, heat transfer and pressure drops. Even though in final design changes are anticipated, the attempt in this work is to complete a refrigeration design which would accomplish the cooling necessary for the energy doubler magnets.
Optimum Culture Conditions for Production by<i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i>B23 of Nitrile Hydratase (1986)

We sought optimum culture conditions for the production by Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23 of nitrile hydratase activity. Addition of ferric and ferrous ions and the use of methacrylamide as an inducer greatly enhanced nitrile hydratase formation. When P. chlororaphis B23 was cultivated for 26 hr at 25°C in a medium consisting of 1 g of sucrose, 0.5 g of methacrylamide, 0.2 g of l-cysteine, 0.2 g of l-glutamate (Na), 0.2g of l-proline, 50 mg of KH2PO4, 50 mg of K2HPO4, 50 mg of MgSO4·7H20, and 1 mg of FeSO4·7H20 per 100 ml of tap water with the pH controlled at pH 7.5 to 7.8, the enzyme activity in the culture broth was 900-times that previously reported.
Ethynyl-Terminated Imidothioethers And Derived Resins (1990)

New toughened epoxies exhibit excellent properties, but temperatures at which used limited. Bismaleimide resins some of base materials being formulated to develop materials used at moderate temperatures. Work conducted on use of acetylenic (ethynyl) group to cross-link and extend chains of oligomers and polymers to obtain materials that perform at high temperatures. Work extended to ethynyl-terminated imidothioethers (ETI's). Tested primarily as adhesives and composite matrices and found to have useful properties in terms of processing, resistance to high temperature, fracture toughness, and resistance to solvents. Also have desirable mechanical properties. Potentially useful for aerospace and nonaerospace applications.
Closed-Loop Optical Rotation Sensor (1988)

A significant number of therapeutic proteins are marketed as pre-filled syringes or other drug/device combination products and have been safely used in these formats for years. Silicone oil, which is used as lubricant, can migrate into the drug product and may interact with therapeutic proteins. In this study, particles in the size range of 0.2-5 μm and ≥1 μm as determined by resonant mass measurement and micro-flow imaging/light obscuration, respectively, resulted from silicone sloughing off the container barrel after agitation. The degree of droplet formation correlated well with the applied baked-on silicone levels of 13 μg and 94 μg per cartridge. Silicone migration was comparable in placebo, 2 mg/mL and 33 mg/mL IgG1 formulations containing 0.04% (w/v) polysorbate 20. Headspace substantially increased the formation of silicone droplets during agitation. The highest particle concentrations reached, however, were still very low compared to numbers described for spray-on siliconized containers. When applying adequate baked-on silicone levels below 100 μg, bake-on siliconization efficiently limits silicone migration into the drug product without compromising device functionality.
Strength/Grain-Size Relationships and Internal Stresses in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> Superconductors (2024)

Extruded wires of YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>x</sub> (YBCO) superconductors were sintered at various temperatures and oxygen partial pressures for different times to obtain different microstructures. A decrease in average grain size from ~23 to ~4 μm resulted in a corresponding increase in strength from ~85 to ~195 MPa. The increase in strength with decreasing grain size results from a decrease in the residual tensile stresses due to grain anisotropy. These results are consistent with the variation of internal residual strain with grain size measured by a neutron diffraction technique.
Main beam alignment verification (2004)

Two simple open loop techniques are described to verify the main beam alignment of tracking antennas. Proper antenna tracking operation requires initial signal alignment within the antenna's main beam.
A packaged silicon MEMS vibratory gyroscope for microspacecraft (2002)

In this paper, we present recent work on the design, fabrication, and packaging of a silicon Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) microgyroscope designed for space applications. A hermetically sealed package that houses the microgyroscope and most of its control electronics has been built and tested. The entire microgyroscope package is approximately 1/spl times/1/spl times/0.7 inches in dimensions. The rest of the control electronics which includes the drive and lock-in amplifier circuitry are mounted outside the gyro box on a 1/spl times/1 inch circuit board. This packaged microgyroscope has a 7 Hz split between its drive and sense mode and has a scale factor of 24 mV/deg/sec, bias stability of 70 deg/hr, angle random walk of 6.3 deg//spl radic/hr, and a rate ramp of 0.2 deg/hr/sec. Recent improvements on the fabrication and assembly procedures and microgyroscope design have resulted in clover-leaf structures with matched drive and sense resonant frequency. These new structures have a very small temperature dependent frequency shift of 0.23 Hz/degree for both the drive and sense modes.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of a refactored xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for lignocellulosic biofuel production (2018)

In this study, we developed a high-performance xylose-fermenting <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strain, XUSE, with high ethanol yield and negligible glucose inhibition. Understanding the genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of XUSE revealed isomerase-based engineering strategies for improved xylose fermentation in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. With high xylose fermentation performance and room for further engineering, XUSE could serve as a promising platform strain for lignocellulosic biorefinery.
Inorganic Gyroid with Exceptionally Low Refractive Index from Block Copolymer Templating (2010)

Nanoporous polymers with gyroid nanochannels can be fabricated from the self-assembly of degradable block copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly(l-lactide) (PS-PLLA), followed by the hydrolysis of PLLA blocks. A well-defined nanohybrid material with SiO2 gyroid nanostructure in a PS matrix can be obtained using the nanoporous PS as a template for sol-gel reaction. After subsequent UV degradation of the PS matrix, a highly porous inorganic gyroid network remains, yielding a single-component material with an exceptionally low refractive index (as low as 1.1).
Physiological noise and its influence on vibrotactile perception thresholds. (1986)

Vibration of physiological origin (physiological noise) was studied when a small diameter probe, attached to a vibrator and accelerometer for the determination of vibrotactile perception thresholds, was held in contact with a fingertip. The acceleration spectrum consisted of a broad plateau between 0.1 and 10 Hz, where the power spectral density was about -20 dB re 1 (m/s2)2/Hz, and it fell rapidly with increasing frequency above 10 Hz. Substantial contributions from respiration (0.2-1 Hz), blood circulation (1-5 Hz), and hand tremor (6-8 Hz) could be identified. The physiological noise was largely independent of subject, contact force, and probe diameter, and it was approximately equal in amplitude to the threshold of the vibrotactile perception. Current knowledge of the masking and adaptation of vibrotactile signals indicates that vibrotactile thresholds in the frequency range 2-250 Hz may be influenced by the magnitude of this physiological noise under some conditions of flesh stimulation.
Privacy-preserving location tracking of lost or stolen devices: cryptographic techniques and replacing trusted third parties with DHTs (2008)

We tackle the problem of building privacy-preserving device-tracking systems — or private methods to assist in the recovery of lost or stolen Internet-connected mobile devices. The main goals of such systems are seemingly contradictory: to hide the device’s legitimately-visited locations from third-party services and other parties (location privacy) while simultaneously using those same services to help recover the device’s location(s) after it goes missing (device-tracking). We propose a system, named Adeona, that nevertheless meets both goals. It provides strong guarantees of location privacy while preserving the ability to efficiently track missing devices. We build a version of Adeona that uses OpenDHT as the third party service, resulting in an immediately deployable system that does not rely on any single trusted third party. We describe numerous extensions for the basic design that increase Adeona’s suitability for particular deployment environments. 1
Modeling and Analyzing Server System with Rejuvenation through SysML and Stochastic Reward Nets (2011)

High-availability assurance of server systems is becoming an important issue, since many mission-critical applications are implemented on server systems. To achieve high-availability, software rejuvenation is a practical technique to reduce unexpected downtime caused by software aging in software applications running on server systems. Although analytic models of software rejuvenation are well-studied, such analysis is not used in server system administration due to the complexity of modeling. In this paper, we present an availability modeling method for server system with software rejuvenation based on SysML that is used to describe system configurations and maintenance operations semi-formally. The proposed approach allows system administrators, who do not have expertise in availability modeling, to design and study the effects of different rejuvenation policies deployed in server systems. To show the applicability of the proposed modeling and evaluation process, a case study of a web application server is presented. We show the correctness of our modeling method by comparing the conventional models for condition-based and time-based software rejuvenation.
Nucleotides, Part LXI, Phthaloyl Strategy: A New Concept of Oligonucleotide Synthesis (1999)

A new alternative strategy of oligonucleotide synthesis was developed by use of the phthaloyl protecting group for the exocyclic amino functions of the nucleobases (see 9 – 12). This approach combines the advantages of cheap and easily accessable monomeric building blocks (see 17 – 20), standard machine-aided oligonucleotide synthesis, and a fast deprotection protocol which is orthogonal to the cleavage procedure from the solid support. The crude oligonucleotides show high purity and require, in general, no further chromatographic purification.
Proof-of-concept of a robotic apple harvester (2016)

There are no mechanical harvesters for the fresh market apple industry commercially available. The absence of automated harvesting technology is a critical problem because of rising production costs and increasing uncertainty about future labor availability. This paper presents the preliminary design of a robotic apple harvester. The approach adopted was to develop a low-cost, `undersensed' system for modern orchard systems with fruiting wall architectures. A machine vision system fuses Circular Hough Transform and blob analysis to detect clustered and occluded fruit. The design includes a custom, six degree of freedom manipulator with an underactuated, passively compliant end-effector. After fruit localization, the system makes a linear approach to the apple and replicates the human picking process. Integrated testing of the robotic harvesting system has been completed in a laboratory environment with a replica apple tree for proof-of-concept demonstration. Experimental results show that the system picked 95 of the 100 fruit attempted with average localization and picking times of 1.2 and 6.8 seconds, respectively, per fruit. Additional work planned in preparation for field evaluation in a commercial orchard is also described.
Catalytic Buffering: Development of the Fluoride-Resistant Ureases of Klebsiella pneumoniae (2005)

Catalytic buffering is an advanced method of pH control for the enzyme-based chemical agent decontamination technology Advanced Catalytic Enzyme System (ACES). Ammonia production from urea by urease neutralizes the production of O- alkylphosphonic acids resulting from OPAA and OPH catalytic hydrolysis of G-agents and VX. Unfortunately, ureases are inhibited by low levels of fluoride, another product of GB, GD and GF hydrolysis. To overcome this problem, the urease structural genes of the enteric bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from their accessory genes and randomly mutagenized to produce ureases with superior fluoride-resistance (FR). Mutagenized ureABC genes were co-transformed with another plasmid containing the accessory genes (ureDEFG) needed for nickel incorporation into E. coli to produce active urease in the clones. E. coli in vitro mutagenesis was followed by screening of the lysed, double-plasmid clones for fluoride-resistant urease activity. Several FR clones were isolated from this procedure with greatly enhanced activity in 0.1 M fluoride after successive generations of mutagenesis. Successive generations of urease mutants showed higher levels of fluoride resistance. These results indicate that in vitro mutagenesis can be used to successfully generate fluoride-resistant ureases needed for the catalytic buffering method of pH control.
Selective Binding of Mannose-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles to Type 1 Pili in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

The synthesis, characterization and biological application of mannose encapsulated gold nanoparticles (m-AuNP) are reported. m-AuNP is well dispersed and very stable without aggregation in the media of broad ion strength and pH ranges. The selective binding of m-AuNP to the mannose adhesin FimH of bacterial type 1 pili is demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy. The competition assay with free mannose suggests that m-AuNP binds FimH better than free mannose does. This work demonstrates that carbohydrate attached nanoparticles can be used as an efficient affinity label and a multi-ligand carrier in a biological system.
Reductive Amination without an External Hydrogen Source (2014)

A method of reductive amination without an external hydrogen source is reported. Carbon monoxide is used as the reductant. The reaction proceeds efficiently for a variety of carbonyl compounds and amines at low catalyst loadings and is mechanistically interesting as it does not seem to involve molecular hydrogen.
Association Rule Mining with the Micron Automata Processor (2015)

Association rule mining (ARM) is a widely used data mining technique for discovering sets of frequently associated items in large databases. As datasets grow in size and real-time analysis becomes important, the performance of ARM implementation can impede its applicability. We accelerate ARM by using Micron's Automata Processor (AP), a hardware implementation of non-deterministic finite automata (NFAs), with additional features that significantly expand the APs capabilities beyond those of traditional NFAs. The Apriori algorithm that ARM uses for discovering item sets maps naturally to the massive parallelism of the AP. We implement the multipass pruning strategy used in the Apriori ARM through the APs symbol replacement capability, a form of lightweight reconfigurability. Up to 129X and 49X speedups are achieved by the AP-accelerated Apriori on seven synthetic and real-world datasets, when compared with the Apriori single-core CPU implementation and Eclat, a more efficient ARM algorithm, 6-core multicourse CPU implementation, respectively. The AP-accelerated Apriori solution also outperforms GPU implementations of Eclat especially for large datasets. Technology scaling projections suggest even better speedups from future generations of AP.
Uniform magnetization transfer in chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (2013)

The development of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has led to the establishment of new contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance imaging, which serve as enablers for advanced molecular imaging strategies. Macromolecules in tissues and organs often give rise to broad and asymmetric exchange effects, called magnetization transfer (MT) effects, which can mask the CEST contrast of interest. We show here that the saturation of these macromolecular pools simultaneously at two distinct frequencies can level out the asymmetric MT effects, thus allowing one to isolate the CEST effects in vivo. For the first time, clean CEST contrast for glycosaminoglycans (gagCEST) in cartilage in the human knee joint is presented. In addition, the method allows one to clearly demarcate glycosaminoglycan measurements from cartilage and synovial fluid regions. This uniform-MT CEST methodology has wide applicability in in vivo molecular imaging (such as brain, skeletal muscle, etc).
Miniaturized external cavity quantum cascade lasers for broad tunability in the mid-infrared (2006)

A room-temperature, grating-tuned external cavity quantum cascade laser is demonstrated. The use of miniaturized components leads to superior performance (8.3 to 9.0 um tuning) and facilitates the development of a robust commercial module.