gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production, Characterization, and Utilization of Aerosol-Deposited Sol−Gel-Derived Films (1998)

A new aerosol-based deposition method, for the production of sol−gel-derived films under ambient conditions, has been developed. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and N-octyltriethoxysilane (TrEOS-C8)-derived sol−gel-processed films were produced using the new technique and compared to films produced by a conventional spin-casting approach. All films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Sol−gel-derived films produced using the aerosol-based method were uniform, and their thickness could be controlled between 0.6 and at least 3.0 μm. Spin casting of the neat sol−gel-processed solutions generally yielded more thick (2.0 ± 0.10 μm) films, but these thicker films were of poorer optical quality and very often more highly cracked. ESCA data demonstrate surface segregation of the C8 moiety within the TrEOS−C8-derived films. This segregation phenomenon is much more pronounced in the aerosol-generated films. A scenario is proposed where the distribution of and/or the dynamics/solvation of the C8 residue within the aerosol droplet vs the bulk cast film are very different and lead to the segregation. Static fluorescence experiments demonstrate that several dopant classes can be incorporated directly into the sol−gel-processed solution and aerosol deposited. All results are also consistent with films that are heterogeneous on a molecular level. The utility of aerosol-deposited, sol−gel-derived films as a chemical sensing platform is demonstrated using fluorescence quenching of entrapped pyrene by O2.
Static extraction and conformance analysis of hierarchical runtime architectural structure using annotations (2009)

An object diagram makes explicit the object structures that are only implicit in a class diagram. An object diagram may be missing and must extracted from the code. Alternatively, an existing diagram may be inconsistent with the code, and must be analyzed for conformance with the implementation. One can generalize the global object diagram of a system into a runtime architecture which abstracts objects into components, represents how those components interact, and can decompose a component into a nested sub-architecture. A static object diagram represents all objects and inter-object relations possibly created, and is recovered by static analysis of a program. Existing analyses extract static object diagrams that are non-hierarchical, do not scale, and do not provide meaningful architectural abstraction. Indeed, architectural hierarchy is not readily observable in arbitrary code. Previous approaches used breaking language extensions to specify hierarchy and instances in code, or used dynamic analyses to extract dynamic object diagrams that show objects and relations for a few program runs. Typecheckable ownership domain annotations use existing language support for annotations and specify in code object encapsulation, logical containment and architectural tiers. These annotations enable a points-to static analysis to extract a sound global object graph that provides architectural abstraction by ownership hierarchy and by types, where architecturally significant objects appear near the top of the hierarchy and data structures are further down. Another analysis can abstract an object graph into a built runtime architecture. Then, a third analysis can compare the built architecture to a target, analyze and measure their structural conformance, establish traceability between the two and identify interesting differences.
Processing nested complex sequence pattern queries over event streams (2010)

Complex event processing (CEP) has become increasingly important for tracking and monitoring applications ranging from health care, supply chain management to surveillance. These monitoring applications submit complex event queries to track sequences of events that match a given pattern. As these systems mature the need for increasingly complex nested sequence queries arises, while the state-of-the-art CEP systems mostly focus on the execution of flat sequence queries only. In this paper, we now introduce an iterative execution strategy for nested CEP queries composed of sequence, negation, AND and OR operators. Lastly we have introduced the promising direction of applying selective caching of intermediate results to optimize the execution. Our experimental study using real-world stock trades evaluates the performance of our proposed iterative execution strategy for different query types.
DNA Hypermethylation of <i>ESR1</i> and <i>PGR</i> in Breast Cancer: Pathologic and Epidemiologic Associations (2009)

Improved understanding of the etiology of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha)-negative and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancers may permit improved risk prediction. In vitro studies implicate DNA hypermethylation of the ERalpha and PR promoters in the pathogenesis of ERalpha-negative and PR-negative tumors, but results are not definitive. We evaluated 200 invasive breast cancers selected from a population-based case-control study. DNA extracted from fixed tumor tissue cores was tested using MethyLight to assess DNA methylation at four CpG islands: ESR1 promoters A and B; PGR promoters A and B; and a CpG shore, ESR1 promoter C. DNA methylation results were compared with levels of ERalpha and PR, tumor characteristics, and breast cancer risk factors. We observed mild to moderate DNA methylation levels in most tumors for ESR1 promoters A and B and PGR promoter B, and a few tumors showed mild methylation in PGR promoter A. In contrast, ESR1 promoter C showed a wide range of methylation and was weakly correlated with lower expression levels of ERalpha (beta = -0.26; P < 0.0001) and PR (beta = -0.25; P < 0.0001). The percentage of tumors with methylated PGR promoters A and B was significantly higher for tumors with low ERalpha (A, Fisher's test P = 0.0001; B, P = 0.033) and PR levels (A, P = 0.0006; B, P = 0.001). Our data suggest that the relationships between DNA methylation of ESR1 and PGR promoters and protein expression are weak and unlikely to represent a predominant mechanism of receptor silencing. In contrast to CpG islands, ESR1 promoter C showed a wider range of methylation levels and inverse associations with ERalpha and PR expression.
TUNED DAMPERS AND CABLE FILLERS FOR SUPPRESSION OF BRIDGE STAY CABLE VIBRATIONS (2000)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) report presents the results of an investigation of the tuned mass damper (TMD) as a simple and effective device for raising the effective damping ratios of cables, thus controlling cable vibrations, including the rain-wind and galloping vibrations. Unlike conventional viscous dampers, TMDs can be installed at any location along the length of cable and can provide significant damping levels. These devices can be used on new and existing cables. This project also investigated the use of cable filler (other than conventional cement grouts) as a means of enhancing cable damping. Although the new filler substantially increased cable damping when compared with cables conventionally filled with cement grout, the level of damping achieved was not sufficient for control of rain-wind vibrations.
Power control based interference mitigation in multi-tier networks (2010)

Significant areal capacity gains and improved cellular coverage can be achieved by hierarchical deployment of Femto Access Points (FAP) over an existing cellular network. However, the introduction of FAPs, which use the same spectrum as the cellular network, can cause severe interference to network and drive users into outage. In order to resolve this issue, advanced interference mitigation (IM) techniques should be applied in multi-tier networks. In this paper, we design and evaluate power control based IM algorithms in cellular systems with femtocell overlay. Simulation results show that FAP power back-off helps lower macro-user outage probability at the cost of femto-user rate reduction. For control channels with low data rate requirement, FAP power control can be a potential IM solution.
Kallikrein family proteases KLK6 and KLK7 are potential early detection and diagnostic biomarkers for serous and papillary serous ovarian cancer subtypes (2014)

Early detection of ovarian cancer remains a challenge due to widespread metastases and a lack of biomarkers for early-stage disease. This study was conducted to identify relevant biomarkers for both laparoscopic and serum diagnostics in ovarian cancer. Bioinformatics analysis and expression screening in ovarian cancer cell lines were employed. Selected biomarkers were further validated in bio-specimens of diverse cancer types and ovarian cancer subtypes. For non-invasive detection, biomarker proteins were evaluated in serum samples from ovarian cancer patients. Two kallikrein (KLK) serine protease family members (KLK6 and KLK7) were found to be significantly overexpressed relative to normal controls in most of the ovarian cancer cell lines examined. Overexpression of KLK6 and KLK7 mRNA was specific to ovarian cancer, in particular to serous and papillary serous subtypes. In situ hybridization and histopathology further confirmed significantly elevated levels of KLK6 and KLK7 mRNA and proteins in tissue epithelium and a lack of expression in neighboring stroma. Lastly, KLK6 and KLK7 protein levels were significantly elevated in serum samples from serous and papillary serous subtypes in the early stages of ovarian cancer, and therefore could potentially decrease the high “false negative” rates found in the same patients with the common ovarian cancer biomarkers human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). KLK6 and KLK7 mRNA and protein overexpression is directly associated with early-stage ovarian tumors and can be measured in patient tissue and serum samples. Assays based on KLK6 and KLK7 expression may provide specific and sensitive information for early detection of ovarian cancer.
Simultaneous quantum and classical communication using continuous variable (2016)

Conventionally, classical optical communication systems employing strong laser pulses and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working at single-photon levels are quite different communication modalities. Dedicated devices are commonly required to implement QKD. Here we show these two can be implemented simultaneously using the same information carriers. More specially, we propose a coherent communication scheme where both the binary bits for a classical communication protocol and Gaussian distributed random numbers for a QKD protocol are encoded on the same weak coherent pulses, and decoded by the same coherent receiver. Simulation results based on realistic system parameters show that both deterministic classical communication with a bit error rate of 10^{-9} and secure key distribution can be achieved over 30km single mode fibers. It is conceivable that in the future coherent optical communication network, QKD is operated in the background of classical communication at negligible cost.
Aromatic acetylenes for carbon matrix composite material (1993)

Carbon composite materials are being used increasingly in aerospace structures because of the high strength to weight ratio of such materials. Acetylenic substituted aromatic compounds, which have low melting points, can be easily processed, lose little weight during their curing, and do not need multiple impregnations to achieve high density, are good candidates as carbon precursor materials. In this laboratory, the compound 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene 1 was prepared by the palladium catalyzed reaction of phenylacetylene with 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene in the presence of excess amine base. Laboratory studies have shown that 1 melts at 195{degrees}C and forms a thermosetting material with high thermal and oxidative stability and a high char yield upon pyrolysis under nitrogen. Changes which occurred upon pyrolysis in air were studied by infrared spectroscopy. The monomer 1 is a crystalline solid that is stable indefinitely at room temperature.
28.2 A 220μW -85dBm Sensitivity BLE-Compliant Wake-up Receiver Achieving -60dB SIR via Single-Die Multi- Channel FBAR-Based Filtering and a 4-Dimentional Wake-Up Signature (2019)

Wake-up receivers (WuRXs) offer an attractive low-power means to synchronize low-average-throughput wireless devices without requiring energy-expensive periodic synchronization routines between primary radios. To achieve low-power operation, most prior-art WuRXs tend to utilize custom OOK or FSK modulation schemes that are not compliant with any standards, while also forgoing important capabilities present in more powerful radios, such as the ability to operate in the presence of potentially large interferers or dynamically switch between multiple channels - both of which are very important when operating in congested bands. Since Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the most popular standards for lowpower IoT devices, prior work has endeavored to develop BLE-compliant WuRXs that achieve low-power operation through means of back-channel (BC) communication - signals that are generated by a standard-compliant BLE TX, yet encode information in a modality that can be demodulated by low-power means (e.g., direct energy detection [1,2]). Unfortunately, the wideband energy detectors in [1,2] not only directly demodulate interferers with no channel selectivity, they also introduce significant demodulated RF noise, limiting sensitivity to -56.5dBm at 236nW and -58dBm at 164μW, respectively. To impart channel selectivity, a mixer-first architecture was demonstrated in [3], achieving a sensitivity of -80dBm at 230μW, though this does not include the power of a PLL or FLL to stabilize the free-running single-channel VCO. To facilitate stabilized multichannel operation, a 120μW crystal-stabilized FLL-based LO generator was included in [4] with frequency hopping support, for a total WuRX power of 150μW. While selective, the design achieved a sensitivity of only -57.5dBm.
Targeting the membrane-anchored serine protease testisin with a novel engineered anthrax toxin prodrug to kill tumor cells and reduce tumor burden (2015)

The membrane-anchored serine proteases are a unique group of trypsin-like serine proteases that are tethered to the cell surface via transmembrane domains or glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchors. Overexpressed in tumors, with pro-tumorigenic properties, they are attractive targets for protease-activated prodrug-like anti-tumor therapies. Here, we sought to engineer anthrax toxin protective antigen (PrAg), which is proteolytically activated on the cell surface by the proprotein convertase furin to instead be activated by tumor cell-expressed membrane-anchored serine proteases to function as a tumoricidal agent. PrAg's native activation sequence was mutated to a sequence derived from protein C inhibitor (PCI) that can be cleaved by membrane-anchored serine proteases, to generate the mutant protein PrAg-PCIS. PrAg-PCIS was resistant to furin cleavage in vitro, yet cytotoxic to multiple human tumor cell lines when combined with FP59, a chimeric anthrax toxin lethal factor-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein. Molecular analyses showed that PrAg-PCIS can be cleaved in vitro by several serine proteases including the membrane-anchored serine protease testisin, and mediates increased killing of testisin-expressing tumor cells. Treatment with PrAg-PCIS also potently attenuated the growth of testisin-expressing xenograft tumors in mice. The data indicates PrAg can be engineered to target tumor cell-expressed membrane-anchored serine proteases to function as a potent tumoricidal agent.
Optical breakdown as a broadband underwater acoustic source (2018)

Current underwater transducers provide little support for remote measurement of material properties. Such measurements are often limited by high impedance contrast, and target inhomogeneities that arise from biofouling and corrosion. In the presence of these limitations, a sensing system would benefit from broadband, spatially-localized target excitation. The high bandwidth would allow a return signal to encode broader information content about the target, while spatial localization would provide stronger target excitation and higher spatial resolution for measurements. Although these source properties are not achievable with traditional transducer designs, they can be produced through laser-induced optical breakdown in water. During optical breakdown, focused laser light excites a localized plasma, which expands and produces a mechanical shock wave. The shock properties are set by both the medium hydrodynamics and the laser parameters, allowing the acoustic source to be optically tuned. In laboratory experiments, breakdown from a 4 mJ/ 4ns laser pulse emits an exponential pressure wave with a decay constant under 250 ns and peak pressure near 600 kPa at 2 cm range. Here, I discuss the physics and fundamental limitations of acoustic transduction via underwater optical breakdown. Experimental results illustrate how the acoustic source properties can be tuned through optical control.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy with monolithic silicon light emitting diode on probe tip (2008)

We describe optical and topographic imaging using a light emitting diode monolithically integrated on a silicon probe tip for near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The light emission resulted from a silicon dioxide layer buried between a phosphorus-doped N+ silicon layer and a gallium-doped P+ silicon region locally created at the tip by a focused ion beam. The tip was employed in a standard NSOM excitation setup. The probe successfully measured optical as well as topographic images of a chromium test pattern with imaging resolutions of 400 and 50nm, respectively. The directional resolution dependence of the acquired images directly corresponds to the shape, size, and polarity of the light source on the probe tip. To our knowledge, this report is the first successful near-field imaging result directly measured by such tip-embedded light sources.
Experiments on Fairing Design for a Wind Turbine Tower (2015)

An aerodynamic fairing can reduce the effects of the wind turbine tower wake on the blades of a downwind rotor. Previous studies on fairing design have focused on idealized conditions and time-averaged drag reductions, whereas this is the first study to obtain and analyze unsteady velocity field data in the wake of minimum drag fairings at non-zero angles of attack, specifically designed for wind turbine towers. Experiments were conducted in a water channel using flow visualization and PIV to analyze the effect of the fairing on the tower wake compared to a typical cylindrical tower. The two tested fairing geometries, a C30u and an E863 airfoil, resulted in significant reduction of the wake deficit when the airfoils were aligned with the incoming flow. At an angle of attack of 10° , the airfoils produced wake deficits comparable to the cylinder wake, although the performance of the airfoils was improved farther downstream. Due to the self-aligning nature of the fairing, it should not be misaligned with the incoming flow direction for an extended period of time. Furthermore, the flow is more likely to remain attached at the full-scale Reynolds number, which would lead to further improvement in the performance of the fairing. Both of the fairing designs that were tested could be used to significantly reduce the effects of a cylindrical tower wake on a downwind rotor if the yaw angles can be held to less than 10° .
Thalamocortical dysrhythmia I. Functional and imaging aspects (2001)

Thalamic and cortical neurons are richly and reciprocally interconnected and support recurrent functional loops in the intact brain, but the role of this circuitry is still poorly understood. Here, we present evidence—from cellular and from functional neuroimaging in control and clinical domains—that thalamocortical resonance is not only a prerequisite for normal cognition, but that its perturbation, in a dynamic sense (e.g. a dysrhythmia) can underlie a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Construction of a Polyaniline Nanofiber Gas Sensor (2008)

The electrical properties of polyaniline changes by orders of magnitude upon exposure to analytes such as acids or bases, making it a useful material for detection of these analytes in the gas phase. The objectives of this lab are to synthesize different diameter polyaniline nanofibers and compare them as sensor materials. In this experiment polyaniline nanofibers are synthesized using a two-phase interfacial polymerization method that yields nanofibers with relatively narrow diameter distributions centered around 30, 50, and 120 nm. The sensors are then fabricated by drop-casting aqueous dispersions of nanofibers onto electrode arrays to form films and measuring their change in resistance upon exposure to acids or bases. The sensor response is dependent on the surface area, diameter, and porosity of the nanofiber films. The larger diameter nanofibers have slower response times because of the difficulty for gas to diffuse through more material. The advantages to this lab include simplicity and low cost, making it suitable for both high school and college students, particularly in departments with modest means.
Unified digital sliding mode control with inductor current ripple reconstruction for DC-DC converters (2015)

In this paper, a digital implementation of a unified sliding mode controller for DC-DC converters is presented. Although current information is used as a control variable, a pure voltage-mode implementation has been considered and the inductor current ripple is digitally reconstructed. The proposed universal control algorithm can be applied to different converter topologies and operating modes. In particular, experimental results are shown for a prototyping system of a Buck converter operating in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), where only negligible transient effects are present when changing the operation mode. The presented measurements confirm that the proposed universal control algorithm is capable of achieving tight voltage regulation and excellent dynamic performance under different operating conditions. Additionally, a comparison to a state-of-the-art digital Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller illustrates the performance improvement of the proposed digital control scheme.
High Temperature Transfer Molding Resins: Laminate Properties of PETI-298 and PETI-330 (2003)

Two phenylethynyl terminated oligomers designated PETI-298 and PETI-330 were developed at the NASA Langley Research Center and have emerged as leading candidates for composite applications requiring high temperature performance (i.e. ≥ 288 °C for 1000 hours) combined with the ability to be readily processed into composites without the use of an autoclave or complex or lengthy cure or postcure cycles. These high performance/high temperature composites are potentially useful on advanced aerospace vehicles in structural applications and as aircraft engine components such as inlet frames and compressor vanes. The number designation (i.e. 298, 330) refers to the glass transition temperature in degrees Centigrade as determined on neat resin cured for 1 hour at 371 °C. The resins are processable by non-autoclave techniques such as resin transfer molding (RTM), vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM) and resin infusion (RI). Both resins exhibit low complex melt viscosities (0.1-10 poise) at 280 °C and are stable for ≥ 2 hours at this temperature. Typically, the resins are melted, de-gassed and infused or injected at 280 °C and subsequently cured at 371 °C for 1-2 hours. Virtually no volatiles are evolved during the cure process. The resin synthesis is straightforward and has been scaled-up to 25 kg batches. The chemistry of PETI-298 and PETI-330 and the RTM AS-4 and T-650 carbon fabric laminate properties, and those of BMI-5270 for comparison, are presented.