gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric materials for applications in microwave communications (2001)

Dielectric ceramic materials have been studied for decades due to both their application in important technologies and the fundamentally interesting relationships among their crystal chemistry, crystal structures, and physical properties. Recent dramatic changes in microelectronics and in particular wireless communications technologies have made the importance of materials with the unusual combination of high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and low temperature dependence of dielectric constant of great interest. In this review, the present state of knowledge of the chemistry, structure, and dielectric properties of these materials, as well as examples of our own work, are described.
Prevalence and Distribution of the <i>hmw</i> and <i>hia</i> Genes and the HMW and Hia Adhesins among Genetically Diverse Strains of Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (1998)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of human disease and initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. In previous work we identified high-molecular-weight adhesins referred to as HMW1 and HMW2, expressed by nontypeable strain 12, and determined that most strains of nontypeable H. influenzae express one or two antigenically related proteins. More recently, we determined that some strains lack HMW1- and HMW2-like proteins and instead express an adhesin called Hia. In the present study, we determined the prevalence and distribution of the hmw and hia genes in a collection of 59 nontypeable strains previously characterized in terms of genetic relatedness. Based on Southern analysis, 47 strains contained sequences homologous to the hmw1 and hmw2 genes and nine strains contained homologs to hia. No strain harbored both hmw and hia, and three strains harbored neither. Although the hmw and hia genes failed to define distinct genetic divisions, the hmw-deficient strains formed small clusters or lineages within the larger population structure. Additional analysis established that the IS1016 insertion element was uniformly absent from strains containing hmw sequences but was present in two-thirds of the hmw-deficient strains. As IS1016 is associated with the capsule locus (cap) in most encapsulated strains of H. influenzae, we speculate that hmw-deficient nontypeable strains evolved more recently from an encapsulated ancestor.
HSP70i is a critical component of the immune response leading to vitiligo (2011)

HSP70i and other stress proteins have been used in anti-tumor vaccines. This begs the question whether HSP70i plays a unique role in immune activation. We vaccinated inducible HSP70i (Hsp70-1) knockout mice and wild-type animals with optimized TRP-1, a highly immunogenic melanosomal target molecule. We were unable to induce robust and lasting depigmentation in the Hsp70-1 knockout mice, and in vivo cytolytic assays revealed a lack of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Absence of T-cell infiltration to the skin and maintenance of hair follicle melanocytes were observed. By contrast, depigmentation proceeded without interruption in mice lacking a tissue-specific constitutive isoform of HSP70 (Hsp70-2) vaccinated with TRP-2. Next, we demonstrated that HSP70i was necessary and sufficient to accelerate depigmentation in vitiligo-prone Pmel-1 mice, accompanied by lasting phenotypic changes in dendritic cell subpopulations. In summary, these studies assign a unique function to HSP70i in vitiligo and identify HSP70i as a targetable entity for treatment.
Practical design considerations of a single-stage single-switch parallel PFC converter for universal voltage applications (2003)

In this paper, a single-stage single-switch power factor correction (PFC) converter with parallel power flow function is presented. By adding a secondary winding to the boost inductor, this topology will directly transfer some input power to the load, resulting in two flow paths for the load power. While still achieving high power factor, it will reduce the current stresses on power components and limit the maximum voltage across intermediate bus capacitors. Operational principle and practical design considerations are discussed in details. A 150 W prototype based on this topology has been built and tested in the lab with experimental results that show good performance.
Abstract DDT02-01: Discovery of GDC-0032: A beta-sparing PI3K inhibitor active against PIK3CA mutant tumors. (2013)

Abstract Modifications of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway are frequent in cancer due to multiple mechanisms, including activating mutations of the alpha isoform of PI3K. The dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in many processes involved in oncogenesis. Thus, PI3K is a promising therapeutic target for cancer. Previously we have disclosed GDC-0941, a class 1 selective PI3K inhibitor and our class 1 PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor, GDC-0980. In this presentation we describe the design and discovery of a new class of PI3K inhibitors, which selectively inhibit the activated PI3Kα isoform relative to the PI3Kβ isoform. A lead was identified from a high throughput screen (HTS) that resulted in a novel chemical series of kinase inhibitors. Through a structure-based approach, this lead was optimized to provide very potent inhibitors of PI3K. In addition, this chemical series allowed for designing molecules that have different selectivity patterns with respect to the class 1 PI3K isoforms. In particular, a series of inhibitors were designed that could preferentially inhibit PI3Kα relative to PI3Kβ (“beta-sparing”). Further modification of the physicochemical properties led to the discovery of GDC-0032. GDC-0032 is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα (PIK3CA) isoform with a Ki =0.2 nM, and with reduced inhibitory activity against PI3Kβ. This selectivity profile allowed for greater efficacy in vivo at the maximum tolerated dose relative to a pan inhibitor in representative PI3Kα (PIK3CA) mutant xenografts. It is notable that GDC-0032 preferentially inhibited PI3Kα (PIK3CA) mutant cells relative to cells with wild-type PI3K. Taken together, GDC-0032 is a potent and effective beta-sparing PI3K inhibitor, which currently is in clinical trials. Citation Format: Alan G. Olivero, Timothy P. Heffron, Matthew Baumgardner, Marcia Belvin, Leanne Berry Ross, Nicole Blaquiere, Erin Bradley, Georgette Castanedo, Mika Derynck, Steven Do, Jennafer Dotson, Danette Dudley, Kyle Edgar, Adrian Folkes, Ross Francis, Tony Gianetti, Richard Goldsmith, Paul Goldsmith, Jane Guan, Trevor Harrison, Robert Heald, Jerry Hsu, Phillip Jackson, Graham Jones, Amy Kim, Aleks Kolesnikov, Mark Lackner, Leslie Lee, John Lesnick, Cristina Lewis, Michael Mamounas, Neville McLean, Jeremy Murray, Chudi Ndubaku, Jim Nonomiya, Jodie Pang, Neil Pegg, Wei Wei Prior, Laurent Salphati, Deepack Sampath, Stephen Sideris, Michael Siu, Steven Staben, Daniel Sutherlin, Mark Ultsch, Jeff Wallin, Lan Wang, Christian Wiesmann, Xiaolin Zhang, Lori S. Friedman. Discovery of GDC-0032: A beta-sparing PI3K inhibitor active against PIK3CA mutant tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr DDT02-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-DDT02-01
Graphite fiber reinforced structure for supporting machine tools. [Patent application] (1976)

In this paper, the synthesis of a cheap, reusable and ligand-free Pd catalyst supported on MgAl layered double hydroxides (Pd/MgAl-LDHs) by co-precipitation and reduction methods is described. The catalyst was used in Heck reactions under high-speed ball milling (HSBM) conditions at room temperature. The effects of milling-ball size, milling-ball filling degree, reaction time, rotation speed and grinding auxiliary category, which would influence the yields of mechanochemical Heck reactions, were investigated in detail. The characterization results of XRD, ICP-MS and XPS suggest that Pd/MgAl-LDHs have excellent textural properties with zero-valence Pd on its layers. The reaction results indicate that the catalyst could be utilized in HSBM systems to afford a wide range of Heck coupling products in satisfactory yields. Furthermore, this catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for at least ﬁve times without signiﬁcant loss of catalytic activity.
A Computational Method for the Estimation of the Geometrical and Thermophysical Properties of Tumor Using Contact Thermometry (2021)

Abstract Contact thermometry is the measurement of surface temperature using sensors in contact with the medium. These surface temperatures can be potential indicators of any abnormality possibly a tumor. This research work aims to present a computation method that makes use of contact thermometry to estimate the geometric center, size, and thermophysical properties of breast tumor. Wearable thermal sensors captured real-time surface temperature readings from discrete point locations. The continuous heat distribution over the domain was formulated using forward heat transfer analysis. The optimization method estimated tumor parameters of the breast, and a three-dimensional thermal model was developed from the estimated parameters. Laboratory experiments on breast phantoms were done to validate the estimation method. Furthermore, real-time temperature readings of human subjects were recorded, and the estimated location and size were then compared with the mammogram results. It was found that the estimated two-dimensional geometric center and the size in diameter of the tumor closely match with the mammogram results. Further, the thermophysical properties estimated using the proposed method had a higher order in subjects having a tumor making it a tool for breast cancer screening.
Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide Powders by Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions (1995)

Powders of the vanadium oxides V 2 O 4 , V 6 O 13 , and V 2 O 5 were produced by thermal decomposition of aqueous solutions of vanadyl sulfate hydrate in atmospheres of N 2 , H 2 mixed with N 2 , or air. The composition of the oxide powder was determined by the reactor temperature and gas composition. Residual sulfur concentrations in powders produced by decomposition at 740°C were less than 1 at.%, and these powders consisted of hollow, roughly spherical aggregates of particles less than 1 μm in diameter.
Lateral cavity acoustic transducer as an on-chip cell/particle microfluidic switch (2011)

A novel on-chip microfluidic switch is demonstrated that utilizes the acoustic microstreaming generated by an oscillating air-liquid interface to switch cells/particles into bifurcating microchannels. The air-liquid interface of the Lateral Cavity Acoustic Transducers (LCATs) can be actuated by an external acoustic energy source causing the interface to oscillate. The oscillating interface results in the generation of vortex-like microstreaming flow within a localized region of the surrounding liquid. This streaming was utilized here to deflect cells/particles into a collection outlet. It was demonstrated that the switching zone could be controlled by varying the actuation time of the LCAT. An LCAT based microfluidic switch is capable of achieving theoretical switching rates of 800 cells/particles per second. It was also demonstrated that K562 cells could be switched into a collection channel with cell viability comparable to that of controls as determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay.
Mica-based Composite Compressive Seals for SOFC (2004)

One of the critical challenges facing planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is the need for reliable sealing technology. Seals are required for long-term stability and integrity in the high temperature SOFC environment during normal and transient operations. Several different approaches for sealing SOFC stacks are under development, including glass or glass-ceramic seals, metallic brazes, and compressive seals. Compressive seals potentially offer a significant and unique advantage over the other approaches by providing a means of mechanically ''de-coupling'' adjacent stack components, thereby minimizing the need for closely matching the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the various SOFC stack components. In an attempt to help the SOFC industry overcome sealing challenges, PNNL is developing mica-based hybrid compressive seals which exhibit leak rates 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than obtained with simple mica gasket seals.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Vaccine Efficacy of Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus Lacking the Meq Oncogene in Chickens (2011)

We previously reported that deletion of the Meq gene from the oncogenic rMd5 virus rendered it apathogenic for chickens. Here we examined multiple factors affecting Marek's disease vaccine efficacy of this nonpathogenic recombinant Meq null rMd5 virus (rMd5deltaMeq). These factors included host genetics (MHC haplotype), strain or dose of challenge virus, vaccine challenge intervals, and maternal antibody status of the vaccinated chicks. Studies on host genetics were carried out in five chicken lines comprising four different MHC B-haplotypes. Results showed that chicken lines tested were highly protected, with protective indexes of 100% (B*2/*15), 94% (B*2/*2), 87% (B*19/*19), and 83% (B*21/*21). At a challenge dose above 8000 plaque-forming units, differences in protection were observed between the two highly virulent strains examined (648A and 686). The interval between vaccination and challenge indicated a protective efficacy from 0 to 2 days varied greatly (12%-82%) after challenge with vv+686, the most virulent virus. Less variation and significant protection began at 3 days post vaccination and reached a maximum at 5 days post vaccination with about 80%-100% protection. Taken together, our results indicate that the factors examined in this study are important for vaccine efficacy and need to be considered in comparative evaluations of vaccines.
The immune protection induced by a serine protease from the Trichinella spiralis adult against Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs (2021)

Trichinellosis is a major foodborne parasitosis caused by Trichinella spiralis. In the present study, a serine protease gene from an adult T. spiralis (Ts-Adsp) cDNA library was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. Previous studies of our laboratory have found that mice vaccinated with recombinant Ts-Adsp protein (rTs-Adsp) exhibited partial protection against T. spiralis infection. In this study, the protective effect of rTs-Adsp against T. spiralis infection in pigs was further explored. The cell-mediated and humoral immune responses induced by rTs-Adsp were measured, including the dynamic trends of specific antibody levels (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgM), as well as the levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the serum. Moreover, the changes in T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and neutrophils were measured to evaluate cellular immune responses in pigs vaccinated with rTs-Adsp. The results indicated that a Th1-Th2 mixed immune response with Th1 predominant was induced by rTs-Adsp after vaccination. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the proportions of CD4+ T cells, B cells, and neutrophils in the immunized groups were significantly increased. Furthermore, pigs vaccinated with rTs-Adsp exhibited a 50.9% reduction in the muscle larvae burden, compare with pigs from the PBS group five weeks after challenged. Our results suggested that rTs-Adsp elicited partial protection and it could be a potential target molecule for preventing and controlling Trichinella transmission from pigs to human.
LC-MS/MS Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide (2015)

PTHrP is a normal constituent in circulating blood and its concentrations are substantially underestimated by commercial RIAs, causing false-negative results in samples from patients suspected of hypercalcemia. Our observations suggest a link between increased concentrations of PTHrP in postmenopausal women with low body mass index and increased incidence of osteoporosis.
Low cost current source converter solutions for variable speed wind energy conversion systems (2011)

The voltage-boost characteristic of the pulse-width-modulated (PWM) current-source inverter (CSI) is in accordance with the nature of a variable-speed wind energy conversion system (WECS). In view of this, low-cost power converter solutions using diode/thyristor rectifier with PWM CSI are proposed and investigated in this paper for wind power generation applications. Detailed steady-state analysis of the diode rectifier interfacing a permanent magnet synchronous generator is conducted. The results and the grid-side requirements are then collectively used to evaluate the operating range of the whole system. Comparison with the combination of diode rectifier and PWM voltage-source inverter (VSI) reveals the advantages of the PWM CSI based solutions. Additionally, it is further illustrated that a thyristor rectifier can provide extended operating ranges than a diode rectifier in a PWM CSI based solution. Simulation results on a medium-voltage system are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and proposed solutions.
Recent advances in microcavity plasma devices and arrays: a versatile photonic platform (2005)

Selected highlights in the recent development of microplasma devices are reviewed with emphasis on large arrays of Si-based hybrid plasma/semiconductor pixels. Arrays of 40 000 (200 x 200) pixels, excited by sinusoidal ac waveforms at frequencies of 5-20 kHz, have now been realized. The fabrication of these arrays and their electrical and optical performance with rare gases and Ar/N 2 mixtures are briefly described. Metal/dielectric/metal devices having a piezoelectric dielectric (BaTiO 3 ), a cylindrical microcavity 50 μm in diameter, and a total thickness of ∼110 μm are also discussed. Finally, the introduction of multiwall carbon nanotubes into microdischarge devices as an auxiliary source of current is presented as being exemplary of the opportunities afforded by the integration of nanotechnology into microcavity plasma structures.
Experimental model of Helicobacter pylori infection. (1998)

Critical issues in the development of a vaccine against Helicobacter pylori are represented by the definition of molecules important in the pathogenesis of the infection, by the availability of an animal model reproducing several aspects of the human infection, and lastly by the availability of powerful adjuvants allowing strong protection after mucosal delivery of the antigens. A mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection was established in our laboratories. Vaccination of these animals with Helicobacter pylori antigens, such as VacA, CagA, etc., induced protection, both prophylactic and therapeutic, when antigens were administered orally together with fully non toxic mutants of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, as mucosal adjuvants. This experimental mouse model allows the study of the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of vaccines.
Detection of mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain by DNA sequencing (2006)

10060 Background: The presence of sequence alterations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) have been documented as gefitinib/erlotinib sensitizing mutations and serve as indicators for targeted (Iressa/Tarceva) therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We report results obtained from the development and validation of a sequencing-based assay for the detection of these somatic mutations. Methods: Specimens tested included4 DNA samples with known EGFR mutations and 59 formalin-fixed primary or metastatic lung carcinomas, 22 which had known EGFR genotypes and 37 which were untested. Forty-one were adenocarcinomas. The most tumor-rich area of the section was micro-dissected to minimize amplification of non-tumor cells. DNA was extracted following treatment to deparaffinize and dehydrate the tissue section. A quantitative EGFR PCR was used to determine if the quantity of isolated DNA was sufficient for sequence analysis. A first-round multiplex amplification was followed by four semi-nested PCR amplifications targeting EGFR exons 18–21 and the flanking splice sites. These products were then subjected to sequencing reactions and evaluated for alterations as compared to the wild type sequence. Results: All of the specimens met the minimum quantity of 750pg of EGFR DNA required for the analysis. Thirty-one of the 37 anonymous specimens showed no sequence alterations in exons 18–21. Four of the five specimens with sequence alterations had known sensitizing mutations; three were L858R and one was 2235–2249del15. One specimen had a novel W817X mutation in exon 20. One specimen failed analysis for three of the exons. The percent tumor in the area selected for analysis varied from 5–30% in the specimens with sequence alterations. Twenty-five of the 26 samples with known genotypes were correctly identified by this method. In one sample a reported mutation was not detected, possibly due to selection of a different tumor nodule for testing. Resequencing of the sample by an outside lab confirmed the negative result. Conclusions: We have developed a highly sensitive and accurate sequencing-based assay capable of detecting somatic mutations in EGFR exons 18–21 which is important in the treatment and management of patients with NSCLC. [Table: see text]
A Polarization Isolation Method for High-Sensitivity, Low-Cost On-Chip Fluorescence Detection for Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip (2008)

The trend in medical equipment is toward compact and integrated low-cost medical test devices. Fluorescence-based assays are used to identify specific pathogens through the presence of dyes, but typically require specialized microscopes and narrowband optical filters to extract information. We present a novel, high-sensitivity, cost-effective, cross-polarization scheme to filter out excitation light from a fluorescent dye emission spectrum. This concept is demonstrated using an inverted microscope fitted with a halide lamp as the excitation source and an organic photo voltaic (organic photodiode) cell as the intensity detector. The excitation light is linearly polarized and used to illuminate a microfluidic device containing a 1 volume of dye dissolved in ethanol. The detector is shielded by a second polarizer, oriented orthogonally to the excitation light, thus reducing the magnitude of the detector photocurrent by about 25 dB. The signal due to fluorescence emission light, which is randomly polarized, is only attenuated by about 3 dB. As proof-of-principle, the fluorescence signal from the dyes Rhodamine 6G (emission wavelength of 570 nm) and Fluorescein (emission wavelength 514 nm) are measured in a dilution series with resulting emission signal being detected by an organic photodiode. Both dyes were detectable down to concentrations of 10 nM. This suggests that an integrated microfluidic device, with an organic photodiode and an organic light emitting excitation source and integrated polarizers, could be fabricated to realize compact and economical lab-on-a-chip devices for point-of-care diagnostics and on-site analysis.