gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Credibility of Anonymous Online Product Reviews: A Language Expectancy Perspective (2013)

Online reviews play a significant role in forming and shaping perceptions about a product. With the credibility of online reviewers a frequent question, this research investigates how potential buyers assess the credibility of anonymous reviewers. Technology separates the reviewer from the review, and potential buyers are left to rely on characteristics of the review itself to determine the credibility of the reviewer. By extending the language expectancy theory to the online setting, we develop hypotheses about how expectancy violations of lexical complexity, two-sidedness (highlighting positive and negative aspects of a product), and affect intensity influence credibility attributions. We present an experiment in which favorable experimental reviews were generated based on actual reviews for a digital camera. The results indicate that two-sidedness caused a positive expectancy violation resulting in greater credibility attribution. High affect intensity caused a negative expectancy violation resulting in lower credibility attribution. Finally, high reviewer credibility significantly improved perceptions of product quality. Our results demonstrate the importance of expectancies and violations when attributing credibility to anonymous individuals. Even small expectancy violations can meaningfully influence reviewer credibility and perceptions of products.
Parametric Variations of a Heat Balanced Engine. (1979)

Performance of a CFR engine over a wide range of experimental conditions is reported in detail for standard spark ignition operation and for heat balanced configurations. Operating conditions were mapped for primary combustion chamber and balancing chamber volumes giving nearly constant balancing ratios for three selected compression ratios; edge gap clearance was also varied. Three secondary air modes were investigated during optimization of performance giving more than a 30% increase in output over standard S.I. operation, an improvement in ISFC of 10% at best economy, 30% at best power with CO emission decreased to less than 0.1% and UHC to less than 100 ppm. A new method of engine performance analysis, the Run Quality Index (RQI) is proposed to help evaluate the heat balanced engine and compare it to other engines.
Expression of polo‐like kinase (PLK1) in thin melanomas: a novel marker of metastatic disease (2002)

Our results suggest that PLK1 expression in thin melanomas is a reliable marker to identify patients at high risk for metastases.
The Role of Inflammation in Neurological Disorders (2018)

Traditionally neurological diseases have been classified, on the basis of their pathogenesis, into vascular, degenerative, inflammatory and traumatic diseases. Examples of the main inflammatory neurological diseases include multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by an immune-mediated response against myelin proteins, and meningoencephalitis, where the inflammatory response is triggered by infectious agents. However, recent evidence suggests a potential role of inflammatory mechanisms also in neurological conditions not usually categorized as inflammatory, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington' disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and traumatic brain injuries. The activation of glial cells and of complement-mediated pathways, the synthesis of inflammation mediators, and the recruitment of leukocytes are the key elements of secondary inflammatory injury following a wide spectrum of primary brain injuries. A better understanding of the role that inflammatory processes play in the natural history of diseases is essential in order to identify potential therapeutic targets and to develop integrated pharmacological approaches acting at different levels and stages of the diseases.
Research and development of Zika virus vaccines (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus <i>Flavivirus,</i> and is transmitted by <i>Aedes sp.</i> mosquitoes. There are three genetic lineages of ZIKV: the East African, West African and Asian lineages. Until recently, Zika fever (ZF) has normally been considered a rare, mild febrile disease, but reports since 2012 have shown potentially severe complications associated with ZIKV infection, including microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. There are no licensed vaccines for ZIKV; however, many vaccine platforms/approaches that have been utilised for other flavivirus vaccines are being applied to ZIKV. Given the current outbreak of ZIKV in the Americas with its associated risks to pregnancy, we summarise what is known about the virus, how knowledge of currently licensed flavivirus vaccines can be applied to ZIKV vaccine development and the assessments of potential challenges for ZIKV vaccine testing and evaluation.
Domain-specific engineering of domain-specific languages (2010)

Domain-specific modelling (DSM) enables experts of arbitrary domains to perform modelling tasks using familiar constructs. This contrasts with common code-centric development approaches where programmers deal with object-oriented approximations of higher level concepts. Domain-specific concepts and their relationships are captured by domain-specific languages (DSLs). Unfortunately, it is common practice for DSLs to be specified within the object-oriented mindsets of classes and associations. This approach not only contradicts the model-driven engineering (MDE) philosophy of development using domain-specific concepts -- in this case, the domain and concepts of DSLs --, it is also faced with the same obstacle as past UML-to-code generation efforts; namely, that UML models are too generic to enable complete program synthesis. In the context of DSL engineering, this obstacle translates to the necessity for DSL designers to explicitly define DSL semantics manually (e.g., via coded generators and/or model transformations). In this work, we propose a novel approach to DSL design where low level modelling formalisms are seamlessly woven together to form new DSLs whose semantics are fully automatically generated.
A subpopulation of normal human peripheral B lymphcytes that bind IgE. (1977)

Isolated normal human peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed for their ability to bind IgE as shown by rosette formation with aldehydefixed ox red cells coated with an IgE myeloma protein (Eo'-IgE) as indicator cells. An average of 4.3% of the cells in the lymphocyte preparations of 12 donors formed Eo'-IgE rosettes. The lymphocyte preparations contained an average of 0.36% basophils which also formed Eo'-IgE' rosettes, suggestiing that about 4% of the lymphocytes bound IgE. The rosette formation was inhibited by IgE myeloma protiens or IgE Fc fragments but not by IgE Fab fragments or Ig of the other classes. On the average, the lymphocytes of the 12 donors contained 70.5% cells forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E), 10.6% cells having surface immunoglobulin (SIg), and 15.5% bunding IgG as shown by rosette formation with IgG-coated ox red cells (EoA). Fractionation of the lymphocytes into populations rich in spontaneously E-rosetting cells and cells with SIg indicated that the majority of the lymphocytes forming Eo'-IgE rosettes belonged to the SIg-positive lymphocytes. Analyses of lymphocyte populations lacking cells forming EoA rosettes and of rosetting with mixed indicator cells both demonstrated that over 90% of the lymphocytes forming Eo'-IgE rosettes did not form EoA rosettes and apparently had no Fc receptors for IgG. Pretreatment of the lymphocytes with trypsin in amounts that did not alter the number of EoA-rosetting cells abolished the Eo'-IgE rosette formation. These data indicate that a subpopulation of normal human peripheral lymphocytes, probably belonging to the B-cell type, binds IgE presumably via trypsin-sensitive receptors specific for the Fc fragment of IgE. The surface markers of these lymphocytes resemble those of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells that have recently been shown to bind IgE.
Collaborative Motion Prediction via Neural Motion Message Passing (2020)

Motion prediction is essential and challenging for autonomous vehicles and social robots. One challenge of motion prediction is to model the interaction among traffic actors, which could cooperate with each other to avoid collisions or form groups. To address this challenge, we propose neural motion message passing (NMMP) to explicitly model the interaction and learn representations for directed interactions between actors. Based on the proposed NMMP, we design the motion prediction systems for two settings: the pedestrian setting and the joint pedestrian and vehicle setting. Both systems share a common pattern: we use an individual branch to model the behavior of a single actor and an interactive branch to model the interaction between actors, while with different wrappers to handle the varied input formats and characteristics. The experimental results show that both systems outperform the previous state-of-the-art methods on several existing benchmarks. Besides, we provide interpretability for interaction learning.
EL EMPRESARIO DE LA PEQUEÑA EMPRESA Y SU COMPORTAMIENTO EMPRENDEDOR (2009)

RESUMEN:

El empresario es una figura importante en toda sociedad,
con su talento y recursos economicos, contribuye a
dinamizar la economia. Diversos economistas han
destacado la importancia del empresario en una
sociedad: Schumpeter que lo considera innovador y
fuente del cambio; para Keynes visionario que mantiene
la rueda del crecimiento; Hayek lo define como un
elemento importante en el funcionamiento de los
mercados. A los empresarios los caracteriza un agudo
sentido de observacion de necesidades insatisfechas,
que con su iniciativa, creatividad, conocimientos y
experiencia traducen en productos o servicios que
facilitan las actividades del ser humano, contribuyendo
a una vida agradable. Todo empresario exitoso es un
emprendedor, ya que su negocio perdura y se consolida
en un entorno dinamico y el aprovecha los cambios
como areas de oportunidad y genera riqueza. En Mexico
existen creencias en torno a las caracteristicas del
empresario de la pequena empresa expresadas en el
discurso teorico pero pocas investigaciones empiricas
que hablen de su realidad. Es importante identificar las
fortalezas y debilidades de los empresarios de la
pequena empresa; en su personalidad, como directivo
y en sus relaciones interpersonales para encontrar la
forma de orientarlos, con la finalidad de disminuir la
mortandad de organizaciones.

ABSTRACT:

The businessman is a very important character in every
society. By his talent and economical resources he
contributes to invigorate the economy. Several
economists have emphasized the importance of the
entrepreneur in a society: Schumpeter considers him
as innovative and source of change; for Keynes, he is a
visionary who maintains the growth circle; Hayek
considers him as an important element in the markets
operation. The entrepreneurs are characterized by a
strong sense of observation of the unsatisfied needs,
and through his initiative, creativity, knowledge and
experience, they convert them into goods or services
that ease the activities of the human being, contributing
to a pleasant life. A successful businessman is an
enterprising man, because his business remains and
is consolidated in a dynamic environment of the
economy, taking advantage of the changes by
considering them as opportunity areas in order to create
wealth. In Mexico, there are beliefs around the small
businessmen’s characteristics that are explained in the
theoretical discourse but there are just a few empiric
researches related to their reality. It is very important to
identify the strengths and weaknesses of the small
businessmen, in their personality, as directors, and in
their interpersonal relationships in order to find the way
to guide them, with the intention to reduce the
companies’ mortality.
Optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of bacterial cellulose by a newly isolated <i>Acetobacter</i> (2001)

The optimum fermentation conditions for the production of cellulose by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 were determined by shaken cultures. The strain was able to produce cellulose at 25-30 degrees C with a maximum at 30 degrees C. Cellulose production occurred at pH 4.5-7.5 with a maximum at pH 6.5. The improved medium composition was 4% (w/v) glucose, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.7% (w/v) polypeptone and 0.8% (w/v) Na(2)HPO(4).12H(2)O. Under these culture conditions, 3.8 g/l cellulose was produced after 7 days of cultivation, although this strain produced only 2.2 g/l in the standard medium. The addition of ethanol to the improved medium enhanced cellulose production: in an improved medium containing 1.4% (v/v) ethanol, cellulose production was 15.2 g/l, which was about four times higher than that without ethanol. Addition of ethanol was found to eliminate the spontaneous mutation of Acetobacter sp. A9.
Changes in the membrane environment of the (K+ + H+)-ATPase following stimulation of the gastric oxyntic cell. (1981)

Biochemical evidence is presented for changes in the membrane environment of the (K+ + H+)-dependent ATPase enzyme of the oxyntic cell following in vivo gastric stimulation of young New Zealand rabbits. The changes are inferred from the marked differences in the sedimentation properties of the (K+ + H+)-ATPase when obtained from homogenates of either stimulated or nonstimulated (resting) fundic gastric epithelium. Stimulation resulted in a redistribution of K+-ATPase activity that was reduced to less than half in the microsomal pellet and concomitantly increased in the membrane fractions normally associated with nuclei and mitochondria. Density gradient fractionation of the mitochondrial pellet yield a preparation rich in (K+ + H+)-ATPase. Our studies indicated that the membranes in this preparation are far larger and apparently denser than the microsomal vesicles associated with the nonstimulated state of the cell. The specific nature of the relationship between stimulation and the observed changes is suggested by the lack of change in the distribution of enzymatic activities unrelated to the apical pole of the oxyntic cell. Preliminary, tentative information aimed at identifying the processes responsible for the observed changes is presented.
Solid Propellants (2010)

Abstract Solid propellants are widely used in rocket propulsion applications. They are often tailored by specific applications such as space launchers, missiles, and guns. Solid propellants are typically classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous (composite propellants), according to their chemical composition and physical structures. The former contains fuels and oxidizers, which are chemically linked at the molecular level. The latter include fuel and oxidizers, which are mixed physically. Typical examples of homogeneous propellants are single‐base (NC and additives), double‐base (NC, NG and additives), and triple‐base (NC, NG, NQ, and additives) propellants. For composite propellants, the ingredients often used as oxidizers are AP, AN, ADN, RDX, and HMX. Some of the commonly employed binders are HTPB, CTPB, and GAP. Metal fuel additives such as aluminum particles are widely employed in propellant mixtures to enhance motor performance and stability characteristics. This section details the composition and classification of solid propellants, along with their combustion behaviors.
High Protein- and High Lipid-Producing Microalgae from Northern Australia as Potential Feedstock for Animal Feed and Biodiesel (2015)

Microalgal biomass can be used for biodiesel, feed, and food production. Collection and identification of local microalgal strains in the Northern Territory, Australia was conducted to identify strains with high protein and lipid contents as potential feedstock for animal feed and biodiesel production, respectively. A total of 36 strains were isolated from 13 samples collected from a variety of freshwater locations, such as dams, ponds, and streams and subsequently classified by 18S rDNA sequencing. All of the strains were green microalgae and predominantly belong to Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Desmodesmus sp., Chlamydomonas sp., Pseudomuriella sp., Tetraedron caudatum, Graesiella emersonii, and Mychonastes timauensis. Among the fastest growing strains, Scenedesmus sp. NT1d possessed the highest content of protein; reaching up to 33% of its dry weight. In terms of lipid production, Chlorella sp. NT8a and Scenedesmus dimorphus NT8e produced the highest triglyceride contents of 116.9 and 99.13 μg mL(-1) culture, respectively, as measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of fatty acid methyl esters. These strains may present suitable candidates for biodiesel production after further optimization of culturing conditions, while their protein-rich biomass could be used for animal feed.
Color, Flavor, and Iron Bioavailability in Iron-Fortified Chocolate Milk (1981)

Chocolate milks fortified with nine iron compounds commonly used for food fortification and with ferripolyphosphate and ferripolyph osphate-whey protein complex were evaluated for changes in color and flavor. Sodium ferric pyrophosphate, ferripolyphosphate, and ferripolyphosphate-whey protein complex produced little or no off-color change in the products initially and after 2 wk of storage. All other added compounds resulted in initial and persistent off-colors determined by a Color Difference Meter and a panel of judges. Flavor evaluation by experienced judges showed that ferric compounds produced little or no offflavors in chocolate milks initially or after holding at 4C for 7 and 14 days. However, ferrous compounds produced offflavors initially, but flavor scores improved after milks were held at 4C for 14 days.
Preclinical Activity of ARQ 087, a Novel Inhibitor Targeting FGFR Dysregulation (2016)

Dysregulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling through amplifications, mutations, and gene fusions has been implicated in a broad array of cancers (e.g. liver, gastric, ovarian, endometrial, and bladder). ARQ 087 is a novel, ATP competitive, small molecule, multi-kinase inhibitor with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against FGFR addicted cell lines and tumors. Biochemically, ARQ 087 exhibited IC50 values of 1.8 nM for FGFR2, and 4.5 nM for FGFR1 and 3. In cells, inhibition of FGFR2 auto-phosphorylation and other proteins downstream in the FGFR pathway (FRS2α, AKT, ERK) was evident by the response to ARQ 087 treatment. Cell proliferation studies demonstrated ARQ 087 has anti-proliferative activity in cell lines driven by FGFR dysregulation, including amplifications, fusions, and mutations. Cell cycle studies in cell lines with high levels of FGFR2 protein showed a positive relationship between ARQ 087 induced G1 cell cycle arrest and subsequent induction of apoptosis. In addition, ARQ 087 was effective at inhibiting tumor growth in vivo in FGFR2 altered, SNU-16 and NCI-H716, xenograft tumor models with gene amplifications and fusions. ARQ 087 is currently being studied in a phase 1/2 clinical trial that includes a sub cohort for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients with confirmed FGFR2 gene fusions (NCT01752920).
VPLS PE Model for E-Tree Support (2012)

A generic VPLS solution for E-Tree services is proposed which uses
VLANs to indicate root/leaf traffic. A VPLS Provider Edge (PE) model
is illustrated as an example for the solution. In the solution, E-
Tree VPLS PEs are interconnected by PWs which carry the VLAN
indicating the E-Tree attribute, the MAC address based Ethernet
forwarding engine and the PW work in the same way as before. A
signaling mechanism for E-Tree capability and VLAN mapping negotiation
is further described.
<i>In Vitro</i>Immunotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Trichosanthin Against Human Normal Immunocytes and Leukemia-Lymphoma Cells (1995)

Trichosanthin (TCS) is a ribosome-inactivating protein from root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. In this paper, the effects of TCS on the viability of human peripheral blood immunocytes, on the proliferation of lymphocytes, and its cytotoxicity to twelve cell lines of lymphoma or leukemia had been observed. TCS at high concentration (> 12.5 micrograms/ml) affected the viability of human B lymphocytes, but not that of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T lymphocytes and granulocytes. Human peripheral blood-derived monocytes/macrophages were highly sensitive to TCS (ID50 at 1.70 micrograms/ml). TCS suppressed lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by Concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human T cell lines and macrophage cell lines were more sensitive (ID50 < 0.9 microgram/ml) to TCS than B cell lines and myeloid lines. These results suggest that selective cytotoxicity of TCS to human macrophages/monocytes may be implicated in anti-HIV activity, and that selectively killing some leukemia-lymphoma cells by TCS merit further evaluation in treatment of some lymphoma and leukemia.
The effects of stannous and stannic ions on the formation and acidogenicity of dental plaque<i>in vivo</i> (1980)

The present study was concerned with the effect of stannous and stannic ions on the formation and acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. Five dental students participated in the study on inhibition of plaque formation. They rinsed for four days with 0.2% aqueous solution of either Sn2+ or Sn4+ and in addition 15% w/v sucrose to enhance plaque formation. The P1.I was recorded after each series. Another test panel participated in the study on inhibition of acid production. The pH of the plaque was measured in situ. The stannous ion showed marked inhibiting activity on plaque formation whereas the stannic ion showed only a slight effect. The stannous ion also showed an effect in reducing the acidogenicity of dental plaque whereas the stannic ion showed no such effect. These findings support the concept that the stannous ion reduces the metabolic activity of plaque by oxidation of thiol groups by affinity for these groups. This is not the case with stannic ions. It seems conceivable that the reduced metabolic activity in plaque is the main factor which causes plaque inhibition. The slight plaque inhibiting effect of the stannic ions may be caused by inhibition of adsorption as such as this ion has no direct effect on the metabolism of the plaque.