gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of controlled-release mosquito repellent formulations. (1996)

Eight polymer and 9 microcapsule formulations of deet were tested on laboratory rabbits against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles albimanus. Several formulations were significantly more effective than simple (unformulated) deet at the same strength for periods up to 24 h. Best results were obtained with a polymer formulation containing a high molecular weight fatty acid and 3 microcapsule formulations containing lanolin, gum arabic, gelatin, tannic acid, stearic acid, polypropylene glycol, water, and a commercial lotion in the microcapsule and carrier fractions.
Computer Based Guidance in the Modern Operating Room: A Historical Perspective (2010)

The past few decades have seen the introduction of many different and innovative approaches aimed at enhancing surgical technique. As microprocessors have decreased in size and increased in processing power, more sophisticated systems have been developed. Some systems have attempted to provide enhanced instrument control while others have attempted to provide tools for surgical guidance. These systems include robotics, image enhancements, and frame-based and frameless guidance procedures. In almost every case the system's design goals were achieved and surgical outcomes were enhanced, yet a vast majority of today's surgical procedures are conducted without the aid of these advances. As new tools are developed and existing tools refined, special attention to the systems interface and integration into the operating room environment will be required before increased utilization of these technologies can be realized.
W.P.S.A. Council Meeting (1971)

(1971). W.P.S.A. Council Meeting. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 13-15.
Cost per Responder Analysis of Guselkumab Versus Certolizumab Pegol Using Efficacy Results from Pivotal Clinical Trials in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis (2018)

Abstract not available. Disclosures: Study sponsored by Janssen. Copyright 2018 SKIN
Measurements in optical information processing (1996)

Summary form only given. Recent advances in photonic device technology opens many new opportunities for optical information processing to play an important role in optical information storage, optical information processing, pattern recognition and display. However, a main hurdle of optical information processing is the lack of accuracy and reliability. To overcome this hurdle, accurate test and measurement methods as well as analytical tools must be developed. This talk will focus on various measurement issues at both device and system levels.
Detection of Event-Related Potentials for Development of a Direct Brain Interface (1999)

The study presented here is part of an ongoing effort to develop a direct brain interface based on detection of event-related potentials (ERPs). In a study presented in a companion article, averaged ERP templates were identified from electrocorticograms recorded during repetition of voluntary motor actions. Here the authors report on the detection of individual motor ERPs within the electrocorticogram using cross-correlation. An averaged ERP template was created from the first half of each electrocorticogram and then cross-correlated with the continuous electrocorticogram from the second half. Points where the cross-correlation value exceeded an experimentally determined detection threshold were considered to be detection points. A detection point was considered to be a valid "hit" if it occurred between 1 second before and 0.25 second after the recorded time of a voluntary action. The difference between the hit and false-positive percentages (HF-difference) was used as a metric of detection accuracy. HF-differences greater than 90 were found for 5 of 15 subjects, HF-differences greater than 75 were found for 8 of 15 subjects, and HF-differences greater than 50 were found for 12 of 15 subjects. The three other subjects with HF-differences less than 50 had electrode locations not well suited for recording movement-related ERPs. Recordings from sensorimotor and supplementary motor areas produced the highest yield of channels with HF-difference greater than 50; however, a number of channels with good performance were found in other areas as well. The results demonstrate the likely prospect of using ERP detection as the basis of a single-switch direct brain interface and that furthermore, there is a good possibility of obtaining multiple control channels using this approach.
Relationship between Diabetic Macular Edema and Peripheral Th1/Th2 Balance (2008)

Shifts in the balance of Th1/Th2 towards a predominance of Th2 may represent an exacerbating factor for diabetic macular edema, although a causal relationship has still not been definitively determined.
Experimental Investigation of MIMO Performance Using Passive Repeater in Multipath Environment (2011)

A passive repeater (PR), comprising a four-element folded-patch antenna (FPA) array, a planar Yagi-Uda antenna, and a power combiner, was fabricated to experimentally investigate the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) performance in multipath environment. It was found that the PR could realize polarization transition and broad-angle scattering. The received power and the MIMO channel capacity, which reflect MIMO performance, were discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the four-unit PR in improving the propagation channel in MIMO communications. It was found that the medians of the received power of Rx1 and Rx2 were improved by about 17 dB as compared to those without the PR. Also, when the received noise level was supposed to be -120 dBm/Hz, the median of the MIMO channel capacity with the PR was increased by 6.4 bps/Hz as compared to that without the PR.
Identification of <i>Clostridium</i> Species and DNA Fingerprinting of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (2006)

An amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was applied to 129 strains representing 24 different Clostridium species, with special emphasis on pathogenic clostridia of medical or veterinary interest, to assess the potential of AFLP for identification of clostridia. In addition, the ability of the same AFLP protocol to type clostridia at the strain level was assessed by focusing on Clostridium perfringens strains. All strains were typeable by AFLP, so the method seemed to overcome the problem of extracellular DNase production. AFLP differentiated all Clostridium species tested, except for Clostridium ramosum and Clostridium limosum, which clustered together with a 45% similarity level. Other Clostridium species were divided into species-specific clusters or occupied separate positions. Wide genetic diversity was observed among Clostridium botulinum strains, which were divided into seven species-specific clusters. The same AFLP protocol was also suitable for typing C. perfringens at the strain level. A total of 29 different AFLP types were identified for 37 strains of C. perfringens; strains initially originating from the same isolate showed identical fingerprinting patterns and were distinguished from unrelated strains. AFLP proved to be a highly reproducible, easy-to-perform, and relatively fast method which enables high throughput of samples and can serve in the generation of identification libraries. These results indicate that the AFLP method provides a promising tool for the identification and characterization of Clostridium species.
Fowl cholera: protection against Pasteurella multocida by ribosome-lipopolysaccharide vaccine. (1986)

Ribosomal protein from Aspergillus fumigatus substituted for intact ribosomes in potentiating the immunogenicity of Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide. Ribosomal protein behaved as a carrier for the lipopolysaccharide. The basic protein methylated albumin, but not protamine sulfate, substituted for ribosomal protein as a carrier for lipopolysaccharide. Synthetic single- and double-stranded polynucleotides did not function as an adjuvant to potentiate the immunogenicity of lipopolysaccharide or methylated albumin-lipopolysaccharide complexes. Double-stranded polynucleotide (poly A:poly U), added as an adjuvant for methylated albumin-lipopolysaccharide vaccine, produced sera with lowered passive hemagglutination antibodies to lipopolysaccharide, but it did not influence protection against challenge with P. multocida. No differences in protection were observed between different lines of specific-pathogen-free white leghorn chickens given ribosome-lipopolysaccharide vaccine. Humoral protection, demonstrated by passive-protection tests, was induced by ribosome-lipopolysaccharide vaccine. Cell-mediated immunity was not detected by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test reactions.
Novel AGC strategy considering communication failure possibility for interconnected power grids (2015)

The conventional automatic generation control (AGC) strategy only takes the economic factors into consideration. However, for interconnected power grids, under the condition of communication failure, there will be high risk that the AGC control signal be blocked and then some AGC units will not adjust the generating power following the load fluctuation due to the interrupt of the control signal. In this paper, the strategy of economic dispatch (ED) as well as load frequency control (LFC) has been investigated and a novel AGC strategy considering the communication failure possibility has been proposed. The ED control of the novel AGC strategy is designed to drains the power margin of those AGC units with high risk of communication failure according to the load forecasting and the evaluation of communication system. While the LFC strategy of the novel AGC strategy is designed to employ those AGC units with low risk of communication failure to balance the unpredictable short-term load fluctuation. As a result, the communication failure would cause slightest affect to AGC. The IEEE 118-bus benchmark system is employed to verify the effectiveness of the novel AGC strategy, and the simulation results indicate that, the novel control strategy can improve the dynamic performance, stability as well as economic performance of AGC under the condition of communication failure. It has excellent economy and engineering application value.
Intégration et unité (2010)

Notice de vulgarisation scientifique consacrée aux moyens d'unification du royaume puis de l'empire franc développé sous le règne des premiers carolingiens
Characteristics of digital flexor tendon sheath fluid from clinically normal horses (1991)

Physical, biochemical, and cytologic properties of synovial fluid from digital flexor tendon sheaths of clinically normal horses were investigated. Tendon sheath fluid was pale yellow, clear, and did not clot. Volume of fluid within a tendon sheath varied minimally, with a mean of 2.11 ml. Total erythrocyte counts were higher than values observed in normal equine joint fluid, whereas values for total leukocyte count (770 +/- 73 cells/mm3), viscosity (6.05 +/- 0.58 cs), and protein concentration (7.87 +/- 0.03 mg/ml) were similar to those in joint fluid. Large mononuclear cells were the predominant synovial fluid cell type. Mean hyaluronic acid concentration (0.74 +/- 0.02 mg/ml) and mucinous precipitate quality were lower than values in joint fluid.
Oral and intraperitoneal LD50 of thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa, in mice and rats. (2009)

Thymoquinone is a relatively safe compound, particularly when given orally to experimental animals.
NeMo: a toolkit for building AI applications using Neural Modules (2019)

NeMo (Neural Modules) is a Python framework-agnostic toolkit for creating AI applications through re-usability, abstraction, and composition. NeMo is built around neural modules, conceptual blocks of neural networks that take typed inputs and produce typed outputs. Such modules typically represent data layers, encoders, decoders, language models, loss functions, or methods of combining activations. NeMo makes it easy to combine and re-use these building blocks while providing a level of semantic correctness checking via its neural type system. The toolkit comes with extendable collections of pre-built modules for automatic speech recognition and natural language processing. Furthermore, NeMo provides built-in support for distributed training and mixed precision on latest NVIDIA GPUs. NeMo is open-source https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo
Ovarian cancer in the elderly patient. (1994)

Ovarian cancer is a disease of the elderly, with more than 50% of cases occurring in women over 65 years of age. Studies from national databases, reporting institutions, and cooperative groups conducting clinical cancer research indicate that elderly women with epithelial ovarian cancer have a worse prognosis than younger women. Elderly women present with more advanced cancers that are usually of high grade and with aneuploid DNA content. In contrast to younger patients, elderly women more frequently do not receive definitive chemotherapy or surgery and seemingly undergo less aggressive treatments. Age alone does not appear to be a risk factor for surgical morbidity or drug treatment toxicity. Research is needed regarding age-related genetic alterations in ovarian cancer. Clinical trials of ovarian cancer treatment in elderly women should include quality of life measurements, recognizing the specific functional and psychosocial expectations of this patient population.
<b>A new immunosuppressant, FTY720, induces <i>bcl‐2</i>‐associated apoptotic cell death in human lymphocytes</b> (1996)

FTY720 is a unique immunosuppressive drug produced by modification of a metabolite from Isaria sinclairii. In vitro treatment of human mononuclear cells with FTY720 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of cell viability. These treated cells demonstrated characteristic DNA ladder formation on agarose gel electrophoresis. Jurkat cells transfected with human bcl-2 gene were resistant to FTY720; their neo type was susceptible to the drug. A rapid acceleration of cell death in human mononuclear cells was seen as early as 2 hr after incubation with FTY720. The intracellular Bax protein increased remarkably 1 hr after the culture; it markedly decreased in the surviving cells at 2 and 3 hr. Coincidental to the Bax decrease. Bcl-2 progressively decreased beginning 2 hr after the culture. Thus, the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was decreased by the enhanced expression of Bax immediately after FTY720-treatment, resulting in rapid cell death acceleration. The surviving cells (FTY720-resistant cells) at 2 and 3 hr after culture showed a similar ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax as was observed in the control cells. These results suggest that FTY720 displays bcl-2-associated apoptotic cell death in human mononuclear cells.
Design for Assembly Techniques in Reverse Engineering and Redesign (1996)

Abstract Design for Assembly (DFA) is the process by which a product is designed to be easily assembled. Such design simplifications are accomplished through reducing the number of operations required to assemble the product, improving the handling of each component, and/or modifying the required operations (insertion, joining, etc.). There exist several techniques for assessing the assemblability of a design through an analysis of these three aspects. However, there also exists a clearly defined need for evolving such techniques to indicate how a product should be redesigned with respect to customer needs and associated functionality. This paper presents three such evolutions, aimed at reducing the number of components in an assembly during redesign. The first technique is a component elimination procedure, the second technique is a component combination analysis, and the third technique establishes a logical approach for revealing more abstract component elimination or combination opportunities. These three DFA techniques are integrated within a reverse engineering and redesign methodology. They are then applied to a industrial design application, i.e., redesign of an auxiliary automobile visor. Results demonstrate definitive part count reduction, while maintaining and improving design functionality.
Seasonal Changes in the Mixing Rate of Restocked Ayu-juveniles and Assessment of Native Stock Using an Allozyme Marker (1994)

Using an allozyme marker (i.e. MPI*), we traced the mixing rate of the landlocked ayu-juveniles from Lake Biwa released in the Yasuda River and the Ioki River, inhabited by a native amphidromous form. We also estimated the population density based on under-water observations. The percentage of the landlocked form was remarkably high in the upper stream and very low in the lower stream in June. The percentage of the landlocked form decreased remarkably in the upper stream in both rivers in August. The percentage of the landlocked form decreased to almost zero in December. These seasonal changes in the mixing rate of the landlocked form suggested a difference in the migration pattern of the landlocked form and the amphidromous form in the river. The number of the amphidromous form coming up to the river from the sea was estimated using the landlocked form's percentage and the population density observed at each location during the early fishing season.
Three-Dimensional (3-D) Reconstruction of the Spine From a Single X-Ray Image and Prior Vertebra Models (2004)

The lateral bending test is routinely used by clinicians for the preoperative assessment of spinal mobility. The evaluation of bending motion is usually based on the qualitative analysis of a two-dimensional (2-D) antero-posterior X-ray image. The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction technique that is a prerequisite for the quantitative 3-D analysis of lateral bending motion. An algorithm was developed for the 3-D reconstruction of the spine from a single X-ray image. The X-ray is calibrated using a small calibration object and an explicit calibration algorithm. The information contained in the single X-ray is completed by registering a priori 3-D geometric models of individual vertebrae. Part of the error yielded by the 3-D/2-D registration is corrected by a vertebral alignment constraint that aims to minimize intervertebral dislocations. Three-dimensional models of 15 different scoliosis patients, obtained from a standard stereo-radiographic 3-D reconstruction, were used in simulation and validation experiments. Experimental results show that the new method is robust and accurate. With pessimistic levels of simulated noise, the average root mean square reconstruction error is 2.89 mm, which is appropriate for common clinical applications.
Automatic motion correction for <i>in vivo</i> human skin optical coherence tomography angiography through combined rigid and nonrigid registration (2017)

When using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), the development of artifacts due to involuntary movements can severely compromise the visualization and subsequent quantitation of tissue microvasculatures. To correct such an occurrence, we propose a motion compensation method to eliminate artifacts from human skin OCTA by means of step-by-step rigid affine registration, rigid subpixel registration, and nonrigid B-spline registration. To accommodate this remedial process, OCTA is conducted using two matching all-depth volume scans. Affine transformation is first performed on the large vessels of the deep reticular dermis, and then the resulting affine parameters are applied to all-depth vasculatures with a further subpixel registration to refine the alignment between superficial smaller vessels. Finally, the coregistration of both volumes is carried out to result in the final artifact-free composite image via an algorithm based upon cubic B-spline free-form deformation. We demonstrate that the proposed method can provide a considerable improvement to the final en face OCTA images with substantial artifact removal. In addition, the correlation coefficients and peak signal-to-noise ratios of the corrected images are evaluated and compared with those of the original images, further validating the effectiveness of the proposed method. We expect that the proposed method can be useful in improving qualitative and quantitative assessment of the OCTA images of scanned tissue beds.
CD8+ T cell homing to the pancreas in the nonobese diabetic mouse is CD4+ T cell-dependent (1991)

The adoptive transfer of type I diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice requires the contribution of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To further elucidate the cellular pathway(s) of beta-cell destruction and the responsibility of each subset, high doses of committed T cells from diabetic mice purified to single subsets, were injected into syngeneic nonobese diabetic neonates. The recipients of single or mixed subsets were followed for clinical manifestations of diabetes and examined at 30 days of age for in situ lesions. None of the animals injected with either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells became overtly diabetic during the 30 days of observation whereas 8 of 23 mice inoculated with a mixture of the two subsets developed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. However, insulitis was found in 6 of the 13 mice injected with CD4+ T cells whereas only 1 of the 9 mice injected with CD8+ T cells showed marginal infiltration of the pancreas. The lesions initiated by CD4+ T cells alone were considerably less severe than those induced by the mixture of both subsets, corroborating the fact that overt disease did not occur in the former group. Together, these results suggest a distinct function for each diabetogenic T cell subset. CD4+ T cells, which have the capacity to home to the pancreas, promote in turn the influx of CD8+ effector T cells that do not by themselves accumulate in this organ. These results illustrate a novel form of T-T cell interactions leading to organ specific autoimmune lesions.
2,3‐Diboratabutadienes and 2‐Borataallenes (1990)

Despite a formal negative charge on boron, no LiċB coordination is found in borataallene 1. Instead, the Li ions are coordinated by the aryl C atoms and an allene C atom. In diboratabutadiene 2, one Li ion is also coordinated by aryl C atoms. The other is coordinated by the butadiene unit and two Si methyl groups. Aryl = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2.
Hydrolysable core crosslinked particles for receptor-mediated pH-sensitive anticancer drug delivery (2015)

Biodegradable micelle systems with both extracellular stabilities and specific targeting properties are highly desirable for anti-cancer drug delivery. Here, we report a biodegradable and crosslinkable poly(propylene fumarate)-<i>co</i>-poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide)-<i>co</i>-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPF-PLGA-PEG) copolymer conjugated with folate (FA) molecules for receptor-mediated delivery of doxorubicin. Micelles with folate ligands on surface and fumarate bonds within the core were self-assembled and crosslinked, which exhibited better stability against potential physiological conditions during and after drug administration. A pH sensitive drug release profile was observed showing robust release at acidic environment due to the ester hydrolysis of PLGA (50:50). Further, micelles with folate ligands on surface showed strong targeting ability and therapeutic efficacy through receptor-mediated endocytosis, as evidenced by efficacious cancer killing and fatal DNA damage. These results imply promising potential for ligand-conjugated core crosslinked PPF-PLGA-PEG-FA micelles as carrier system for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery.