gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent results in capillary discharge soft x-ray laser research (2003)

We report results of the development of capillary discharge driven metal-vapor plasma waveguides for the development of efficient laser-pumped soft x-ray lasers; and of the use of a previously developed capillary discharge Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm laser in study of the interaction of intense soft x-ray laser with materials. The guiding of a laser beam in a dense capillary discharge plasma channel containing a large density of Ag ions is reported. In term of applications we have conducted studies of materials modification and ablation with focalized 46.9 nm laser radiation at fluences between
0.1 and 100 J cm -2 . The experiments demonstrated that the combined high repetition rate and high energy per pulse of the capillary discharge laser allows for the first time the processing of large surface areas with intense soft x-ray laser radiation. The damage threshold and damage mechanism of extreme ultraviolet Sc/Si multilayer mirror coatings was studied . Damage threshold fluences of ~ 0.08 J/cm 2 were determined for coatings deposited on both borosilicate glass and Si substrates. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray diffraction techniques revealed the thermal nature of the damage mechanism. These results provide a benchmark for the use of Sc/Si multilayer mirrors in high fluence applications, and for the development of higher damage threshold mirrors. Soft x-ray laser ablation studies were also conducted for silicon and several plastic materials, including PMMA, Polyamide and PTFE.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition attenuates liver fibrosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

These data suggest that EGFR inhibition using Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors provides a promising therapeutic approach for reduction of fibrogenesis and prevention of HCC in high-risk cirrhosis patients who can be identified and monitored by gene expression signatures.
Diversity Through a Branched Reaction Pathway: Generation of Multicyclic Scaffolds and Identification of Antimigratory Agents (2010)

A library of 91 heterocyclic compounds composed of 16 distinct scaffolds has been synthesized through a sequence of phosphine-catalyzed ring-forming reactions, Tebbe reactions, Diels-Alder reactions, and, in some cases, hydrolysis. This effort in diversity-oriented synthesis produced a collection of compounds that exhibited high levels of structural variation both in terms of stereochemistry and the range of scaffolds represented. A simple but powerful sequence of reactions thus led to a high-diversity library of relatively modest size with which to explore biologically relevant regions of chemical space. From this library, several molecules were identified that inhibit the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and may serve as leads for the development of antimetastatic agents.
Non-Genomic Actions of Progesterone in the Normal and Neoplastic Mammalian Ovary (2007)

This review summarizes recent findings on the non-genomic or membrane-initiated actions of progesterone that regulate the function of the normal and neoplastic mammalian ovary. This review focuses on three receptors: the classic progesterone receptor, the membrane progesterone receptors (MPRalpha, beta, and gamma) that were initially cloned from seatrout ovaries, and a progesterone binding protein referred to as progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1). Specifically, the structure of each of these receptors is compared and related to their capacity to activate various signal transduction pathways. Then the biological effects of P4 on the function of granulosa cells, luteal cells, ovarian surface epithelial cells, and ovarian cancers that are derived from the ovarian surface epithelial cells are discussed in relationship to the expression of each of these receptors. Whenever possible, studies involving human cells and tissues are presented, although data from other mammalian species are used to supplement the human studies to provide a more complete picture of this complex and rapidly developing area of membrane-initiated actions of progesterone.
Kaposi's sarcoma, vascular permeability, and scientific integrity (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —This letter concerns our laboratory's research on Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the current state of the art, and our response to criticisms in the article by Dr Witte and colleagues<sup>1</sup>regarding our publication in<i>Science</i>.<sup>2</sup> As those familiar with the field are aware, KS is a unique vascular tumor that occurs frequently in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—infected patients. The disease remains relatively difficult to treat and is associated with significant morbidity, particularly in its pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and disseminated forms. In 1986, initially looking for an associated virus, we were able to grow cells from KS patients that we believe are vascular endothelial in origin and play a role in establishing the tumor. Using these cells, we have developed the hypothesis that cytokines and the HIV regulatory protein Tat promote the growth of KS cells. The fact that these KS cells are not unique to KS lesions
Partially Coherent Holographic Temporal Focusing for 3D Light Sculpting with Single Neuron Resolution (2018)

We propose a two-photon optogenetic photostimulation method that combines partially coherent 3D holography and temporal focusing for precise targeting of individual neurons. Experimental results demonstrate simultaneous illumination of 200 targets with high spatial resolution.
Novel Transport Layer Aware Uplink Scheduling Scheme for LTE-based Networks (2013)

In this paper we propose a novel Transport Layer Aware Uplink Scheduling Scheme (TraLAUS) for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Networks. It is a cross-layer scheduling scheme in which scheduling decisions are taken at the MAC (Medium Access Control) Layer of the TCP/IP Protocol stack based on Physical and Transport Layer informations. In this scheme, the eNodeB takes the uplink scheduling decisions based on the demand and CQI (Channel Quality Information) received from the UEs (User Equipments). Through extensive simulations, we compare the performance of our proposed algorithm with that of classical Round Robin (RR) and channel-aware Modified Round Robin (MRR) uplink scheduling schemes. From the simulation results, we observe that our algorithm performs significantly better in terms of average throughput (gain of 18.89% over RR and 13.89% over MRR), packet drops and queue length as compared to that of RR and MRR uplink scheduling schemes, and at the same time ensures fairness among the UEs.
Wear compensating seal means for rotary piston coal feeder. [DOE Patent] (1979)

The present invention is directed to a wear compensating seal arrangement for use in a rotary piston feeder utilized for feeding pulverized coal into a gasifier operating at relatively high pressures and elevated temperatures. The rotary piston feeder has a circular casing with a coal loading opening therein diametrically opposed from a coal discharge and contains a rotatable disoidal rotor having a cylinder in which a reciprocatable piston is disposed. The reciprocation of the piston within the cylinder is provided by a stationary conjugate cam whereby pulverized coal from a coal hopper at atmospheric pressure can be introduced into the cylinder and then discharged therefrom into the high pressure gasifier while maintaining minimal losses of producer gas and the expenditure of minimal energy which would detract from the efficiency of the gasification. The seal arrangement of the present invention is disposed between the rotor and the casing about the coal discharge and prevents the high pressure gases from within the gasifier from escaping between these relatively movable parts during operation of the coal feeder. The seal utilizes a primary seal in contact with the rotor and a secondary seal supporting the primary seal. The primary seal is continuously urged towardsmore » the rotor by springs and the high pressure producer gas.« less
Identification of genes encoding <i>N</i>‐glycan processing β‐<i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminidases in <i>Trichoplusia ni</i> and <i>Bombyx mori</i>: Implications for glycoengineering of baculovirus expression systems (2009)

Glycoproteins produced by non-engineered insects or insect cell lines characteristically bear truncated, paucimannose N-glycans in place of the complex N-glycans produced by mammalian cells. A key reason for this difference is the presence of a highly specific N-glycan processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in insect, but not in mammalian systems. Thus, reducing or abolishing this enzyme could enhance the ability of glycoengineered insects or insect cell lines to produce complex N-glycans. Of the three insect species routinely used for recombinant glycoprotein production, the processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase gene has been isolated only from Spodoptera frugiperda. Thus, the purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize the genes encoding this important processing enzyme from the other two species, Bombyx mori and Trichoplusia ni. Bioinformatic analyses of putative processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase genes isolated from these two species indicated that each encoded a product that was, indeed, more similar to processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases than degradative or chitinolytic beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases. In addition, over-expression of each of these genes induced an enzyme activity with the substrate specificity characteristic of processing, but not degradative or chitinolytic enzymes. Together, these results demonstrated that the processing beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase genes had been successfully isolated from Trichoplusia ni and Bombyx mori. The identification of these genes has the potential to facilitate further glycoengineering of baculovirus-insect cell expression systems for the production of glycosylated proteins.
A label-free optical waveguide biosensor with sub-wavelength gratings (2005)

In this paper, the reflection resonance spectrum of a sub-wavelength diffraction grating-coupled waveguide is used to analyze biomolecular interactions in real time. When the diffraction grating waveguide structure is destroyed by external factors such as slight refractive index changes of the buffer or molecule adsorption on the grating surface, the optical path of the light coupled through the grating into the waveguide is changed and a resonance wavelength shift is induced as a result. By detecting this resonance wavelength shift, the optical waveguide biosensor provides the ability to identify the kinetics of the biomolecular interaction on an on-line basis without the need for the extrinsic labeling of the biomolecules. A theoretical analysis of the sub-wavelength optical waveguide biosensor is performed. A biosensor with a narrow reflection resonance spectrum, and hence an enhanced detection resolution, is then designed and fabricated. Currently, the detection limit of the optical waveguide sensor is found to be approximately 10<sup>-5</sup> refractive index units. The developed biosensor is successfully applied to study the kinetics of an antibody interaction with protein G adsorbed on the sensing surface.
Surface Acoustic Wave Based Microfluidics and Droplet Applications (2014)

Surface acoustic waves are used to induce acoustic streaming in small amounts of liquid on a chip surface. Both mixing as well as actuation of the fluid can be achieved in an efficient and controllable manner. This way, highly complex chip based assay laboratories can be created. Combined with elastomer microfluidic devices and droplet based microreactors, high speed and very selective cell sorters have been recently demonstrated.
Data from Activation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Contributes to Antitumor Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitors plus MEK Inhibitors (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Concurrent MEK and CDK4/6 inhibition shows promise in clinical trials for patients with advanced-stage mutant <i>BRAF</i>/<i>NRAS</i> solid tumors. The effects of CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) in combination with BRAF/MEK-targeting agents on the tumor immune microenvironment are unclear, especially in melanoma, for which immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in approximately 50% of patients. Here, we show that patients progressing on CDK4/6i/MEK pathway inhibitor combinations exhibit T-cell exclusion. We found that MEK and CDK4/6 targeting was more effective at delaying regrowth of mutant <i>BRAF</i> melanoma in immunocompetent versus immune-deficient mice. Although MEK inhibitor (MEKi) treatment increased tumor immunogenicity and intratumoral recruitment of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, the main effect of CDK4/6i alone and in combination with MEKi was increased expression of CD137L, a T-cell costimulatory molecule on immune cells. Depletion of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells or blockade of the CD137 ligand–receptor interaction reduced time to regrowth of melanomas in the context of treatment with CDK4/6i plus MEKi treatment <i>in vivo</i>. Together, our data outline an antitumor immune-based mechanism and show the efficacy of targeting both the MEK pathway and CDK4/6.</p></div>
CCM-a new low-noise charge carrier multiplier suitable for detection of charge in small pixel CCD image sensors (1992)

A new charge detection concept, useful for small pixel CCD image sensors, where the collected signal carriers are first multiplied before charge is converted into an output voltage is described. The carrier multiplication is performed in a low-noise charge carrier multiplier (CCM) which is located in a CCD channel. The multiplication occurs during the charge transfer process and is externally controllable by suitably arranged device lateral fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate loop length determination in fibre-optic sensors and signal processors (1986)

A technique is demonstrated for the accurate determination of differential propagation delays in fibre-optic circuits commonly found in sensing and signal processing arrays, utilising the high-order frequency filtering characteristics of these circuits. Relative time delays for two interferometers can be easily compared to within less than 10 ppm.
Development of crosslinked polyamines suitable for synthesizing complex ampholytes for isoelectric focusing. (1995)

Commercially available ampholytes used in isoelectric focusing applications vary widely from source to source in their resolving power. This study was initiated to develop alternative ampholyte formulations for high resolution preparative and analytical isoelectric focusing. Initial IR spectroscopy studies showed that divalent acid esters would efficiently crosslink available polyamines with complete consumption of ester. Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopic analysis of resulting crosslinked polyamines showed extensive structural heterogeneity of the resulting polyamine mixture. Conversion of the polyamine mixture to functional zwitterions using alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids yielded mixtures giving smooth pH gradients in acrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. Further analysis of these mixtures in immobilized pH gradients showed increases in heterogeneity of available carrier species over similar zwitterion mixtures made using only commercially available polyamine monomers. The mixtures were also more heterogeneous than commercially available ampholytes when analyzed by picric acid precipitation in immobilized pH gradients.
Differential space-time joint interference cancellation and decoding (2003)

A new differential scheme for space-time block-coded transmission in a flat-fading multiuser environment is developed in this paper. This scheme performs joint space-time interference cancellation and decoding, thus realizing diversity and rate gains, without requiring channel knowledge or bandwidth expansion. Our focus is on the case of two users each equipped with two transmit antennas for simplicity. However, the development readily extends to more than two users, to more than two transmit antennas per user, and to frequency-selective channels using previously published techniques.
The Ultraviolet Index Is Well Estimated by the Terrestrial Irradiance at 310 nm (2021)

Ultraviolet (UV) exposure significantly contributes to non-melanoma skin cancer. In the context of health, UV exposure is the product of time and the UV Index (UVI), a weighted sum of the irradiance I(λ) over all wavelengths from λ = 250 to 400 nm. In our analysis of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s UV-Net database of over 400,000 spectral irradiance measurements taken over several years, we found that the UVI is well estimated by 77 I310. To further understand this result, we applied an optical atmospheric model to generate terrestrial irradiance spectra and found that it applies across a wide range of conditions. An accurate UVI radiometer can be built from a photodiode covered by a bandpass filter centered at 310 nm.
Textured Neural Avatars (2019)

We present a system for learning full-body neural avatars, i.e. deep networks that produce full-body renderings of a person for varying body pose and camera position. Our system takes the middle path between the classical graphics pipeline and the recent deep learning approaches that generate images of humans using image-to-image translation. In particular, our system estimates an explicit two-dimensional texture map of the model surface. At the same time, it abstains from explicit shape modeling in 3D. Instead, at test time, the system uses a fully-convolutional network to directly map the configuration of body feature points w.r.t. the camera to the 2D texture coordinates of individual pixels in the image frame. We show that such a system is capable of learning to generate realistic renderings while being trained on videos annotated with 3D poses and foreground masks. We also demonstrate that maintaining an explicit texture representation helps our system to achieve better generalization compared to systems that use direct image-to-image translation.
Software-Controlled Instruction Prefetch Buffering for Low-End Processors (2015)

This paper proposes a method of buffering instructions by software-based prefetching. The method allows low-end processors to improve their instruction throughput with a minimum of additional logic and power consumption. Low-end embedded processors do not employ caches for mainly two reasons. The first reason is that the overhead of cache implementation in terms of energy and area is considerable. The second reason is that, because a cache's performance primarily depends on the number of hits, an increasing number of misses could cause a processor to remain in stall mode for a longer duration. As a result, a cache may become more of a liability than an advantage. In contrast, the benchmarked results for the proposed software-based prefetch buffering without a cache show a 5–10% improvement in execution time. They also show a 4% or more reduction in the energy-delay-square-product (ED 2 P) with a maximum reduction of 40%. The results additionally demonstrate that the performance and efficiency of the proposed architecture scales with the number of multicycle instructions. The benchmarked routines tested to arrive at these results are widely deployed components of embedded applications.
Highly specific and selective anti‐pS396‐tau antibody C10.2 targets seeding‐competent tau (2018)

Targeting pS396-tau with an antibody like C10.2 may provide therapeutic benefit in AD and other tauopathies.
Depth Calibration of Fibre-optic Distributed Vibration Sensing Measurements (2016)

Summary Depth calibration for conventional vertical seismic profile (VSP) tools is relatively straightforward. For fibre-optic distributed vibration sensing (DVS) measurements, however, depth calibration is more problematic and has been identified as a particular drawback. In this paper we describe four different methods for calibrating the depth of DVS recording channels. The end-of-fibre and freeze methods can be applied to both permanent and temporary fibre installations whereas the downhole source method is primarily applicable to permanent installations. Methods based on the raw backscatter measurements are more likely to be accurate because they do not involve any effects from the processing stages required to extract the phase. The freeze and downhole source methods both suffer from problems associated with picking an amplitude peak that has been smoothed by the gauge length. If a permanently installed fibre must be depth calibrated at a variety of depths, the downhole source appears to be the most promising method. The error associated with the hammering technique is significantly larger than the other techniques and thus we do not recommend its use.
Detection of pollutants in liquids by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy technique (2002)

LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) is an innovative technique which has proven very valuable in the accurate measurement of trace concentration of atomic pollutants in gas and solids. Given these positive characteristics and the good results obtained on the field by LIBS technique, either in industrial exhausts monitoring and polluted soil analysis, one could ask about the possibility of applying the fundamentals of LIBS method to the study of polluted liquids, in particular water. The group at IFAM-CNR (Pisa) has been conducting extensive researches for verifying the reliability of LIBS analysis of polluted water, with the aim of developing a diagnostic device suitable for in situ continuous monitoring operation. The main goal of the authors' research was to keep the experimental setup as simple as possible, but still to maintain a sensitivity for trace pollutants concentrations useful for actual detection of potentially dangerous pollution levels in the sample under analysis.
A Multi‐channel System for the Measurement of Spermatozoan Collective Motility (1980)

A new multi-channel optical system for objective evaluation of sperm motility is described. The principle of the technique is based on the measurement of changes in the intensity of light scattered from semen samples thermoregulated at 38 degrees C. These changes were recorded continuously as analog waves (Reflectospermiogram--RSG). Changes in the intensity of sperm motility as a function of time from ejaculation were simultaneously measured in 8 equal semen samples from single ejaculate. By analyzing the variations in results, the sensitivity of the technique was defined. In order to demonstrate the use of the technique, the effect of various concentrations of ethanol on sperm motility has been described. The exposure of sperm cells to 366 nm light used in the system did not alter their ultrastructure, as was observed by electron microscopy. This objective, relatively easy to perform and highly informative technique can be of great value in research studies.
A Multidye Nanostructured Material for Optical Data Storage and Security Data Encryption (2004)

A new class of materials for optical data storage and security data encryption is reported. Multidye colloid particles comprising different dyes in different phases are employed as the building blocks to produce a multicolored multiphase polymeric material. The incorporation of dyes in different phases minimizes energy transfer, provides selective dye photobleaching, and allows storage of different data on a single spot (see Figure and also cover).