gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optomechanics of a free-space photonic switching fabric: the system (1991)

Parts of a multistage switching network were implemented by optically interconnecting arrays of symmetric self electro-optic effect devices. In an experiment completed last Spring, three 16 X 8 arrays of S-SEEDs, all operating as logic gates, were optically connected. A fully-interconnected switching fabric using six 32 X 32 S-SEED arrays is currently being tested. These are the latest in a series of experiments to investigate and develop this technology, and they substantially involve optomechanics. The practical realization of this technology represents a challenge to modern optomechanics due to the required precision, stability, and number of components involved. An overview of free-space photonic switching and the required experimental hardware subsystems is presented, followed by details of the optical systems to interconnect the switching device arrays and the mechanical systems which locate and position the optics and devices. The tolerancing analysis used in these systems is reviewed and comparisons between the two systems are made.
Doppler modulation and Zeeman modulation: laser frequency stabilization without direct frequency modulation (1988)

We discuss two methods (Zeeman modulation and Doppler modulation) for locking the frequency of a singlemode cw laser to an atomic absorption line. These methods do not require the laser frequency to be modulated directly. In the first scheme the absorption frequency of the atom is modulated via the Zeeman effect; in the second scheme the laser frequency is modulated indirectly via the Doppler effect in an atomic beam. We used the two methods successfully to lock two dye lasers to the transitions 6S((1/2)) ? 7S((1/2)) and 7S((1/2)) ? 15P(?) in atomic cesium.
Der Einfluß von Packungseffekten auf die Feststoffluoreszenz von Diketopyrrolopyrrolen (1989)

Als Basis für neue löschbare optische Fluoreszenzspeicher läßt sich möglicherweise das Bis‐2‐methoxyphenyldiketopyrrolopyrrol 1 verwenden. Der Farbstoff kristallisiert in zwei sehr unterschiedlich fluoreszierenden Modifikationen, deren Gitterpackungen Rückschlüsse auf Fluoreszenz‐Desaktivierungsprozesse im Kristall zulassen. magnified image
On Composing RESTful Services (2009)

Composition is one of the central tenets of service oriented computing. This paper discusses how composition can be applied to RESTful services in order to foster their reuse. Given the specific constraints of the REST architectural style, a number of challenges for current service composition languages and technologies are identified to point out future research directions.
Novel Iodine Reagent System for Regioselective Cleavage of Epoxides to Alcohols (2010)

Epoxides are converted regioselectively to corresponding higher substituted alcohols with greater yields using diphosphorus tetraiodide (P2I4) as a reducing agent and a catalytic amount of tetraethylammonium bromide at room temperature.
RF components implemented in an analog SiGe bipolar technology (2002)

Several components for the design of RF transceivers on silicon substrates, developed in a manufacturable analog SiGe bipolar technology without any significant process alterations, are described. Spiral inductors in the range /spl sim/0.15-80 nH with typical maximum Q's of 3-20, MOS and MIM capacitors (1-2 pF) with Q's up to 80, and varactors with 40% tuning range and Q's of 20-50 are presented.
Problems and research issues associated with the hybrid control of force and displacement (2005)

The hybrid control of force and position is basic to the science of robotics but is only poorly understood. Before much progress can be made in robotics, this problem needs to be solved in a robust manner. However, the use of hybrid control implies the existence of a model of the environment, not an exact model (as the function of hybrid control is to accommodate these errors), but a model appropriate for planning and reasoning. The monitored forces in position control are interpreted in terms of a model of the task as are the monitored displacements in force control. The reaction forces of the task of writing are far different from those of hammering. The programming of actions in such a modeled world becomes more complicated and systems of task level programming need to be developed. Sensor based robotics, of which force sensing is the most basic, implies an entirely new level of technology. Indeed, robot force sensors, no matter how compliant they may be, must be protected from accidental collisions. This implies other sensors to monitor task execution and again the use of a world model. This new level of technology is the task level, in which task actions are specified, not the actions of individual sensors and manipulators.
The effects of using different grades of PVP and gelatin as binders in the fluidized bed granulation and tabletting of lactose. (1983)

The effects of using different grades of PVP and gelatin binders on three sieve fractions of lactose granulated in a fluidized bed granulator and tablets have been studied. Increasing the molecular mass of PVP or bloom number of gelatin resulted in a decrease in granule friability but in an increase in their average size and porosity and in the tensile strengths of the resulting tablets when compressed to a fixed apparent density. The results have been explained in terms of the effects of moist and dry binder bridges on bonding of particles in granules and tablets.
Droplet impacting a superhydrophobic mesh array: Effect of liquid properties (2020)

For numerous applications in microfluidic engineering, material science, and drug production, droplets of desired size and distribution are generated through liquid impingement on a perforated substrate. The dynamic process of droplet impact, spread, retraction, penetration, jet formation, and fragmentation into satellite droplets is simulated in a droplet impacting a mesh array configuration using an advanced lattice-Boltzmann method. The Weber number and Ohnesorge number are found to significantly influence the dynamics and outcomes, which can be explained by a qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the force and energy balance.
DISCOVERER – Making Commercial Satellite Operations in Very Low Earth Orbit a Reality (2019)

DISCOVERER is a €5.7M European Commission funded Horizon 2020 project developing technologies to enable commercially-viable sustained-operation of satellites in very low Earth orbits. Why operate closer to the Earth? For communications applications latency is significantly reduced and link budgets improved, and for remote sensing improved link budgets allow higher resolution or smaller instruments, all providing cost benefits. In addition, all applications benefit from increased launch mass to lower altitudes, whilst end-of-life removal is ensured due to the increased atmospheric drag. However, this drag must also be minimised and compensated for. One of the key technologies being developed by DISCOVERER are materials that encourage specular reflection of the residual atmosphere at these altitudes. Combined with appropriate geometric designs these can significantly reduce drag, provide usable lift for aerodynamic attitude and orbit control, and improve the collection efficiency of aerodynamic intakes for atmosphere breathing electric propulsion systems, all of which are being developed as part of DISCOVERER. The paper provides highlights from the developments to date, and the potential for a new class of aerodynamic commercial satellites operating at altitudes below the International Space Station.
Optogenetic disruption of sleep continuity impairs memory consolidation (2011)

Memory consolidation has been proposed as a function of sleep. However, sleep is a complex phenomenon characterized by several features including duration, intensity, and continuity. Sleep continuity is disrupted in different neurological and psychiatric conditions, many of which are accompanied by memory deficits. This finding has raised the question of whether the continuity of sleep is important for memory consolidation. However, current techniques used in sleep research cannot manipulate a single sleep feature while maintaining the others constant. Here, we introduce the use of optogenetics to investigate the role of sleep continuity in memory consolidation. We optogenetically targeted hypocretin/orexin neurons, which play a key role in arousal processes. We used optogenetics to activate these neurons at different intervals in behaving mice and were able to fragment sleep without affecting its overall amount or intensity. Fragmenting sleep after the learning phase of the novel object recognition (NOR) task significantly decreased the performance of mice on the subsequent day, but memory was unaffected if the average duration of sleep episodes was maintained at 62-73% of normal. These findings demonstrate the use of optogenetic activation of arousal-related nuclei as a way to systematically manipulate a specific feature of sleep. We conclude that regardless of the total amount of sleep or sleep intensity, a minimal unit of uninterrupted sleep is crucial for memory consolidation.
Acceleration of leukocytes’ epigenetic age as an early tumor and sex-specific marker of breast and colorectal cancer (2017)

Changes in blood epigenetic age have been associated with several pathological conditions and have recently been described to anticipate cancer development. In this work, we analyze a publicly available leukocytes methylation dataset to evaluate the relation between DNA methylation age and the prospective development of specific types of cancer. We calculated DNA methylation age acceleration using five state-of-the-art estimators (three multi-site: Horvath, Hannum, Weidner; and two CpG specific: ELOV2 and FHL2) in a cohort including 845 subjects from the EPIC-Italy project and we compared 424 samples that remained cancer-free over the approximately ten years of follow-up with 235 and 166 subjects who developed breast and colorectal cancer, respectively. We show that the epigenetic age estimated from blood DNA methylation data is statistically significantly associated to future breast and male colorectal cancer development. These results are corroborated by survival analysis that shows significant association between age acceleration and cancer incidence suggesting that the chance of developing age-related diseases may be predicted by circulating epigenetic markers, with a dependence upon tumor type, sex and age estimator. These are encouraging results towards the non-invasive and perspective usage of epigenetic biomarkers.
Pilot Study on the Effect of Linaclotide in Patients With Chronic Constipation (2008)

In this pilot study, linaclotide treatment improved bowel habits and symptoms of patients with chronic constipation. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Effective sensing of RDX via instant and selective detection of ketone vapors (2014)

Sensing a cyclic ketone frequently used as a solvent in the production of plastic explosives allows us to rapidly and effectively detect RDX. We explain the effects of the electron and energy transfer processes on the fluorescence response of a sensory material in this study.
Detection of Hidden Software Functionality (2007)

Downloading software from unknown sources constitutes a great risk. Studies have described file-sharing networks where the probability of downloading infected files is as high as 70% [1] under certain circumstances. This work presents theory on malicious software with emphasize on code turning computers into bots and thereby, possibly botnets. It is observed that malware authors start using more advanced techniques to deceive owners of compromised computers. To evade detection, stealth techniques known from rootkits are more and more commonly adapted. Rootkit technology is therefore studied to be able to determine how bots, and other forms malicious software, can be hidden from both automated anti-virus detection mechanisms and human inspections of computers. The mechanisms used to evade detection by traditional anti-virus tools are in many cases effective. Dynamic behavioural analysis of software during installation is therefore suggested as a strategy to supplement the traditional tools. Several detection strategies are presented, which can be used to determine the behaviour of software during installation. This knowledge is used to design a laboratory environment capable of detecting the mentioned categories of malicious code. An implementation of the laboratory is provided, and experiments are performed to determine the usefulness of the setup. The software used to set up the laboratory environment are all distributed free of license cost. An evaluation is made and improvements to the system are proposed. The value of behavioural analysis has been demonstrated, and the functionality of the laboratory environment has proved to extremely useful. Advanced users will find the functionality of the laboratory setup powerful. However, future work has to be done to automate the behavioural detection processes so the public can benefit from this work.
Emerging role of Notch signaling in epidermal differentiation and skin cancer (2009)

Signaling mediated by the Notch receptor governs tissue development during embryonal organogenesis, while in adult tissues it contributes to maintenance of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, control by the Notch pathway of stem cell self-renewal and multi-potency points to an expanding role of Notch signaling in the progression of solid tumors. Notch and its ligands are abundantly expressed in the epidermis, where Notch signaling functions as a molecular switch that intervenes in cell transition between different skin layers during the epidermal differentiation process. More recent findings obtained in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers show that Notch signaling has a dual action (either as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor), depending on the tumor cell type and the synchronous activation of other intracellular signaling mechanisms. In this Review, we highlight the pleiotropic roles of the Notch signaling pathway in normal skin homeostasis and differentiation and focus on its altered regulation in the tumorigenesis of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Further understanding of the roles of Notch signaling in specific skin cancer types may provide a rationale for novel Notch-based therapeutic strategies.
Linearity of double heterostructure electroabsorptive waveguide modulators (1995)

The linearity of electrooptical waveguide modulators based on the Franz-Keldysh effect with respect to the voltage-transmission characteristic has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. For a GaAs-AlGaAs double heterostructure modulator the values of the signal-to-noise ratio due to anharmonic and intermodulation distortion have been found to be small enough to suffice the requirements for analog optical transmission in multichannel broad-band fiber network systems compatible to existent cable networks. The results are also applicable to materials in the bandgap region of the optimum fiber transmission wavelengths around 1.3 /spl mu/m and 1.5 /spl mu/m. The advantages in comparison with directly modulated semiconductor lasers will be discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Transformer-based Model for Sentence-Level Chinese Mandarin Lipreading (2020)

Lipreading is a task that converts silent speaker video into its speech content, which has practical value in many scenarios. However, most current lipreading research is based on English and the research on sentence-level Chinese lipreading is still insufficient. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end lipreading network for Chinese Mandarin. Different from the existing works, we first applied Transformer architecture in Chinese Mandarin lipreading, which integrates the self-attention mechanism and improves the performance of the language model. According to the characteristics of Mandarin, pinyin is introduced to assist the prediction of Chinese characters. In addition, we divided the pinyin dictionary into initials and finals instead of 26 simple English letters, which can be more suitable with Chinese speaking habits. Based on the above, a Cascade-Transformer based Chinese Lipreading Network(CTCH-LipNet in short) is proposed to map the talking video to the speech content. From the experiment results on the large-scale dataset, it has been demonstrated that our proposed approach can achieve better recognition performance than the state-of-the-art approach investigated.
Size Dependent χ<sup>(3)</sup> for Conduction Electrons in Ag Nanoparticles (2004)

Our theoretical study of the third-order susceptibility (χ(3)) for Ag dielectric composite reveals a critical role of saturation of optical transitions between discrete states of conduction electrons in metal quantum dots. The calculated size dependence of the χ(3) for Ag nanoparticles reproduces the published experimental results. Saturation effects lead to a decrease of the local field enhancement factor that is of particular importance for surface-enhanced phenomena, such as Raman scattering and nonlinear optical responses.
Improvement of quality of 3D printed objects by elimination of microscopic structural defects in fused deposition modeling (2018)

Additive manufacturing with fused deposition modeling (FDM) is currently optimized for a wide range of research and commercial applications. The major disadvantage of FDM-created products is their low quality and structural defects (porosity), which impose an obstacle to utilizing them in functional prototyping and direct digital manufacturing of objects intended to contact with gases and liquids. This article describes a simple and efficient approach for assessing the quality of 3D printed objects. Using this approach it was shown that the wall permeability of a printed object depends on its geometric shape and is gradually reduced in a following series: cylinder > cube > pyramid > sphere > cone. Filament feed rate, wall geometry and G-code-defined wall structure were found as primary parameters that influence the quality of 3D-printed products. Optimization of these parameters led to an overall increase in quality and improvement of sealing properties. It was demonstrated that high quality of 3D printed objects can be achieved using routinely available printers and standard filaments.
Journal Asymmetric Heating—Part I: Nonstationary Bow (1999)

A relation between journal vibration and asymmetric temperature in the lubricant-journal interface is derived. The bearing consists of five equally distributed tilting-pads. An arbitrary synchronous harmonic journal vibration is allowed. Heat conduction in the rotor shaft for nonstationary bearing temperature is solved. The result is presented as a frequency response of the shaft bow. Influence of air-convection and different bearing widths is investigated.
Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter with distributed Bragg reflectors: a narrow-band electro-optically tunable spectral filter (1988)

A new narrow-band (typically 0.01-nm) spectral filter called the Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter, which combines the characteristics of the Fabry–Perot étalon and the folded Šolc filter, was introduced recently [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A4, 1720 ( 1987)]. The design of the Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter is extended to include narrow-band end reflectors to produce high-finesse spectral filters. The narrow-band end reflectors can be implemented as distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR’s), thus permitting tailoring of the spectral characteristics of the Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter. Sample designs are presented, including one filter with an effective finesse of 5420. Possible uses for the Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter with DBR’s are discussed, and it is compared with the narrow-band electro-optically tunable notch filter proposed by Lytel Lipscomb [ Appl. Opt.25, 3889 ( 1986)].
Effects of Ropivacaine on a Potassium Channel (hKv1.5) Cloned from Human Ventricle (1997)

These results indicate that: (1) ropivacaine is an open channel blocker of hKv1.5; (2) binding occurs in the internal mouth of the ion pore; and (3) unbinding is required before the channel can close. These effects explain the ropivacaine availability of induction early after depolarizations and could be clinically relevant.
KDEF-PT: Valence, Emotional Intensity, Familiarity and Attractiveness Ratings of Angry, Neutral, and Happy Faces (2017)

The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) is one of the most widely used human facial expressions database. Almost a decade after the original validation study (Goeleven et al., 2008), we present subjective rating norms for a sub-set of 210 pictures which depict 70 models (half female) each displaying an angry, happy and neutral facial expressions. Our main goals were to provide an additional and updated validation to this database, using a sample from a different nationality (<i>N</i> = 155 Portuguese students, <i>M</i> = 23.73 years old, <i>SD</i> = 7.24) and to extend the number of subjective dimensions used to evaluate each image. Specifically, participants reported emotional labeling (forced-choice task) and evaluated the emotional intensity and valence of the expression, as well as the attractiveness and familiarity of the model (7-points rating scales). Overall, results show that happy faces obtained the highest ratings across evaluative dimensions and emotion labeling accuracy. Female (vs. male) models were perceived as more attractive, familiar and positive. The sex of the model also moderated the accuracy of emotional labeling and ratings of different facial expressions. Each picture of the set was categorized as low, moderate, or high for each dimension. Normative data for each stimulus (hits proportion, means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals per evaluative dimension) is available as supplementary material (available at https://osf.io/fvc4m/).
Adapting Strategic Planning to the Changing Needs of aBusiness (1991)

If strategic planning systems have failed it is because managers have failed to adapt them to the changed contexts of their businesses. Four distinct contexts are identified: Pioneer, Expand, Reorient, and Dominate. These labels are chosen to indicate the primary challenge for the business unit in each of these contexts. The contexts vary in their risk and in the adaptation and/or integration orientation that they demand of the strategic planning system. Four key elements of the strategic planning system: direction of goal setting, time‐spending patterns in planning, the relative importance of the strategic budget, and the linkage between the financial plan and the budgets, are identified. Each can be manipulated to adapt the system to suit the firm′s business context.