gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of High‐Quality Pt–CeO <sub>2</sub> Composite Anodes Supported by Carbon Black for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application (2007)

A Pt on nano‐sized CeO 2 particles that in turn are supported on carbon black (CB) was synthesized using the co‐impregnation method. This potential anode material for fuel cell applications was synthesized in a stepwise process. The pure CeO 2 was synthesized using an ammonium carbonate precipitation method, and the Pt particles dispersed on the CeO 2 in such a way that a uniform dispersion with the CB was obtained (Pt–CeO 2 /CB). The electrochemical activity of the methanol (CH 3 OH) oxidation reaction on the Pt–CeO 2 /CB was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry experimentation. The onset potential of CH 3 OH oxidation reaction on the Pt–CeO 2 /CB anode was shifted to a lower potential as compared with that on commercially available Pt–Ru/carbon (C) alloy anode. In addition, the activation energy of the Pt–CeO 2 /CB anode was much lower than that of the Pt–Ru/C alloy anode. Moreover, the current density of the Pt–CeO 2 /CB anode was much higher than that of the Pt–Ru/C alloy anode at temperatures between 28° and 60°C. These results suggest that the anode performance of the Pt–CeO 2 /CB anode at the operating temperature of typical fuel cells (80°C) is superior to that of the more usual Pt–Ru/C alloy anode. Importantly, the rare metal, Ru, is not required in the present anode material and the amount of Pt required is also significantly reduced. As a consequence, we report a promising candidate Pt–CeO 2 /CB composite anode for application in the development of direct methanol fuel cells.
An integrated function generator with two-dimensional electronic programming capability (1975)

Describes a novel, electronically programmable function generator which has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Output is a piecewise linear function of the input and both coordinates of the function breakpoints can be independently programmed.
Comparison of aerial conidia and blastospores from two entomopathogenic fungi against <i>Diaphorina citri</i> (Hemiptera: Liviidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions (2018)

This study compared the insecticidal activity of liquid culture-produced blastospores and solid substrate-produced aerial conidia of Beauveria bassiana GHA and Isaria fumosorosea ARSEF3581 strains against Diaphorina citri adults. Insects exposed to 107 propagules/ml in a spray residue contact leaf bioassay died within 6 days at 25°C, with no significant differences between fungal treatments. At higher concentrations (108 propagules/ml), I. fumosorosea conidia killed psyllids faster compared to its blastospore formulation, i.e. 4 versus 5 days, respectively. In greenhouse tests, the same treatments applied to infested citrus plants (2 × 106 spores/ml) all significantly reduced the number of nymphs compared with the untreated controls over 3 weeks; however, only I. fumosorosea blastospores significantly reduced the number of F1 adult psyllids when compared with controls. Similar results were observed in the follow-up greenhouse test, where I. fumosorosea blastospores were the most effective treatment overall, reducing D. citri populations by about 60% after 21 days; by contrast, imidacloprid killed almost 100% of psyllids within a week in both tests. Fewer psyllids exhibited mycosis in the greenhouse (i.e. ≈20 versus ≥ 87% in the laboratory). This is the first report comparing both conidial and blastospore formulations of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea for the control of a psyllid pest. Field testing is required to determine how successful different spore formulations might be under various environmental conditions.
Entangled and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) free-space photon quantum communication [Invited] (2005)

Feature Issue on Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) We present new quantum communication (QC) schemes suitable for free-space (wireless) QC implementation. In particular, we present several entangled QC schemes and propose non-line-of-sight (NLOS) free-space photon QC. It is shown that in the presence of atmospheric scattering media, UV photons can be used for NLOS QC. Non-Poisson quantum fluctuations in an invariance regime can propagate farther than coherent laser speckle. In such situations the non-Poissonian statistics survive over long distances and should be taggable with a polarization signature. Quantum noise observables scale markedly differently with scattering parameters compared to classical noise observables. Variation of the polarization should allow Yuen-Kumar QC using non-Poissonian statistics of the beam as an authentication of the signal. The NLOS communication in the UV would be expected to be possible to at least a range of 1 km and falls under the category of deliberately short-range QC. Applications of importance for this method include military stealth and optical communication in the presence of obstacles such as a forest or urban environment.
A New Method for Laminar Boundary Layer Transition Visualization in Flight: Color Changes in Liquid Crystal Coatings (1986)

The visualization of laminar to turbulent boundary layer transition plays an important role in flight and wind-tunnel aerodynamic testing of aircraft wing and body surfaces. Visualization can help provide a more complete understanding of both transition location as well as transition modes; without visualization, the transition process can be very difficult to understand. In the past, the most valuable transition visualization methods for flight applications included sublimating chemicals and oil flows. Each method has advantages and limitations. In particular, sublimating chemicals are impractical to use in subsonic applications much above 20,000 feet because of the greatly reduced rates of sublimation at lower temperatures (less than -4 degrees Farenheit). Both oil flow and sublimating chemicals have the disadvantage of providing only one good data point per flight. Thus, for many important flight conditions, transition visualization has not been readily available. This paper discusses a new method for visualizing transition in flight by the use of liquid crystals. The new method overcomes the limitations of past techniques, and provides transition visualization capability throughout almost the entire altitude and speed ranges of virtually all subsonic aircraft flight envelopes. The method also has wide applicability for supersonic transition visualization in flight and for general use in wind tunnel research over wide subsonic and supersonic speed ranges.
Correction of higher order geometrical aberration by triple 3-fold astigmatism field (2009)

A new concept of a spherical aberration correction system using three dodecapoles is proposed. The system compensates for higher order aberration of 6-fold astigmatism, which generally limits a uniform phase area for image forming and probe forming in an electron microscope with a conventional two-hexapole corrector. Triple 3-fold astigmatism field is used to correct the spherical aberration of the objective lens, and the total 3-fold astigmatism is eliminated by their combination. The optimum azimuth relationship among three dodecapoles is calculated to eliminate the 6-fold astigmatism. The principle of the method was verified using a mathematically complex representation. This new concept was experimentally tested with a scanning transmission electron microscope at 60 kV acceleration. The 6-fold astigmatism was certainly compensated and the coherent convergent angle became almost twice compared to a conventional double hexapole system.
A Wide Scan Quasi-Optical Frequency Diplexer (1982)

A wide scan quasi-optical frequency diplexer is required for certain antenna applications. A waveguide array is a structure which can fill this requirement and also discriminate proximal frequencies. The wide scan characteristics are enhanced by tilting the waveguide axes with respect to the waveguide-free-space interface. A variational analysis of this structure is presented, as well as experimental verification using a Ku-band model.
Kinetics of hydroprocessing distillate coal liquids (1977)

The objective of the present study was to quantify the kinetics of heteroatom removal and aromatic saturation. Distillate coal liquids from the H-Coal and SRC processes were hydroprocessed in fixed bed, continuous flow catalytic reactors. Commercial CoMo and NiMo on alumina catalysts were employed at conditions of 600--800/sup 0/F, 800--2500 psig hydrogen pressure, and 0.3--4.0 LHSV. The liquid products were analyzed for elemental composition and for aromatic carbon content using C/sup 13/--NMR. Heteroatom removal was modeled using a kinetic expression which was second-order in heteroatom concentration, while aromatic saturation was modeled using a reversible first-order rate expression.
Visualizing And Exploring Personal Music Libraries. (2004)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Dual-parameter model for prediction of type I diabetes mellitus. (1998)

The recent cloning and recombinant expression of novel islet autoantigens [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and islet-cell autoantibody 512 (ICA512)] has made possible the determination of whether the quantitative expression of autoantibodies to these molecules is correlated with age of diabetes onset and rate of progression to diabetes, similar to insulin autoantibodies (IAAs). We measured autoantibodies reacting with GAD65 (GAD65AA), ICA512 (ICA512AA), and insulin in patients who recently had received a diagnosis of diabetes and in first-degree relatives prospectively identified and then followed because of the expression of high titers of ICA. Levels of IAAs (but not GAD65AA or ICA512AA) correlated inversely with age at diagnosis of diabetes and directly with time to diabetes onset among the ICA-positive relatives. In multiple linear regression models, the level of IAAs remained a significant predictor of the time to diabetes after allowing for first-phase insulin secretion. The unique and dramatic association of IAAs with progression to diabetes suggests that IAAs contribute directly to disease pathogenesis or that levels of IAAs are influenced uniquely by the process, leading--at different rates in different prediabetic individuals--to type I diabetes. In addition, the linear regression model described (involving two variables, first-phase insulin secretion and levels of IAAs) aids in the prediction of time to diabetes among ICA-positive relatives.
Randomized compiling for scalable quantum computing on a noisy superconducting quantum processor (2020)

The successful implementation of algorithms on quantum processors relies on the accurate control of quantum bits (qubits) to perform logic gate operations. In this era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, systematic miscalibrations, drift, and crosstalk in the control of qubits can lead to a coherent form of error which has no classical analog. Coherent errors severely limit the performance of quantum algorithms in an unpredictable manner, and mitigating their impact is necessary for realizing reliable quantum computations. Moreover, the average error rates measured by randomized benchmarking and related protocols are not sensitive to the full impact of coherent errors, and therefore do not reliably predict the global performance of quantum algorithms, leaving us unprepared to validate the accuracy of future large-scale quantum computations. Randomized compiling is a protocol designed to overcome these performance limitations by converting coherent errors into stochastic noise, dramatically reducing unpredictable errors in quantum algorithms and enabling accurate predictions of algorithmic performance from error rates measured via cycle benchmarking. In this work, we demonstrate significant performance gains under randomized compiling for the four-qubit quantum Fourier transform algorithm and for random circuits of variable depth on a superconducting quantum processor. Additionally, we accurately predict algorithm performance using experimentally-measured error rates. Our results demonstrate that randomized compiling can be utilized to leverage and predict the capabilities of modern-day noisy quantum processors, paving the way forward for scalable quantum computing.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbostyril Derivatives Having Potent β‐Adrenergic Agonist Properties. (1988)

Abstract The carbostyril derivatives (XI) mentioned in the title are prepared from the hydroxymethylhydroxyquinoline (I) as shown in the reaction scheme.
Topical Liposomal local Anesthetics: Design, Optimization and Evaluation of Formulations (1993)

AbstractTo improve the rate of penetration into the skin, and to develop an effective topical anesthetic product, selected local anesthetic agents, benzocaine, lidocaine, dibucaine, etidocaine and tetracaine were encapsulated into liposomes using the solvent evaporation method. After the pilot experiments, tetracaine was selected for further development. Encapsulation efficiency was determined by centrifugation of liposomes and spectrophotometric analysis of liposome pellets and supernatants. Physical stability and organoleptic properties of the various liposomal tetracaine formulas were monitored visually and by microscopy for 1 year. Tetracaine was found to be suitable for the development of a liposomal drug delivery system with high encapsulation efficiency (60–90%) and physical stability. The results showed that encapsulation efficiency of tetracaine into liposomes can be increased by increasing drug concentration and pH, and including negatively charged stearic acid or unsaturated lipids in the formula. Stability of tetracaine increased with higher encapsulation efficiency, however the shelf life of the product was still short (2 months). In-process and finished product quality control parameters are suggested to facilitate the topical liposomal product development in general.
Wireless iVCG optimization using a least-squares fit (2015)

We are designing an integrated wireless Vectorcardiogram (iVCG) that is portable and placed on the chest of the patient and is capable of recording and transmitting cardiac rhythm signals. We present a solution to the problem of transforming the three VCG component signals to the familiar 12-lead ECG for the convenience of cardiologists. The least squares (LS) method is employed on the VCG signals and the reference (training) orthogonal ECG subset (leads I, aVF and V2) to obtain a 3×3 transformation matrix to generate the real-time ECG signals from the VCG signals. In future, we will apply this method to obtain all 12 leads of the 12-lead ECG. With this capability, the iVCG may become a truly transformative wireless medical device enabling continuous (24×7) cardiac diagnosis.
Magic Morphin' Mirror: Person Detection and Tracking (2005)

The demo presents a virtual mirror interface which reacts to the viewer using robust, real-time face tracking. The display directly combines a user's face with various graphical distortions, performed only on the face region in the image. The face detection and tracking is done in real-time, so the graphical effect stays with the user and continues to adapt al; they move within the viewing space, increasing in intensity as the user approaches the display.The tracking system performs well in crowded environments with open and moving backgrounds. This robust performance is achieved using multi-modal integration, combining stereo, color, and grey-scale pattern matching modules into 2 single realtime system. Stereo processing is used to isolate the figure of a user from other objects and people in the background. Skinhue classification identifies and tracks likely body parts within the foreground region. Face pattern detection discriminates and localizes the face within the tracked body parts. A second set of displays, located to the side of the main viewing area, shows intermediate results of each processing module of the system.
Spurious‐Free dynamic range of a high‐resolution photonic time‐stretch analog‐to‐digital converter system (2012)

Abstract We measure the spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) for a 10‐GHz photonic time‐stretch ADC system. Unlike single‐octave microwave systems, the second‐order spurs limit the SFDR to 88 dB‐Hz 1/2 at 10 GHz and 95 dB‐Hz 1/2 at 1 GHz. Simulations that include modulator arm bias mismatch and equalization agree with experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2558–2563, 2012; this online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27114
Neuroactive Steroids. 2. 3α-Hydroxy-3β-methyl-21-(4-cyano-1 <i>H</i> -pyrazol-1′-yl)-19-nor-5β-pregnan-20-one (SAGE-217): A Clinical Next Generation Neuroactive Steroid Positive Allosteric Modulator of the (γ-Aminobutyric Acid) <sub>A</sub> Receptor (2017)

Certain classes of neuroactive steroids (NASs) are positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. Herein, we report new SAR insights in a series of 5β-nor-19-pregnan-20-one analogues bearing substituted pyrazoles and triazoles at C-21, culminating in the discovery of 3α-hydroxy-3β-methyl-21-(4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-1'-yl)-19-nor-5β-pregnan-20-one (SAGE-217, 3), a potent GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor modulator at both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptor subtypes, with excellent oral DMPK properties. Compound 3 has completed a phase 1 single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) clinical trial and is currently being studied in parallel phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and essential tremor (ET).
Composition-Tailored Synthesis of Gradient Transition Metal Precursor Particles for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials (2011)

We report the tailored synthesis of particles with internal gradients in transition metal composition aided by the use of a general process model. Tailored synthesis of transition metal particles was achieved using a coprecipitation reaction with tunable control over the process conditions. Gradients in the internal composition of the particles was monitored and confirmed experimentally by analysis of particles collected during regularly timed intervals. Particles collected from the reactor at the end of the process were used as the precursor material for the solid-state synthesis of Li1.2(Mn0.62Ni0.38)0.8O2, which was electrochemically evaluated as the active cathode material in a lithium battery. The Li1.2(Mn0.62Ni0.38)0.8O2 material was the first example of a structurally integrated multiphase material with a tailored internal gradient in relative transition metal composition as the active cathode material in a lithium-ion battery. We believe our general synthesis strategy may be applied to produce a variety of new cathode materials with tunable interior, surface, and overall relative transition metal compositions.
Engineering bone formation with peptidomimetic hybrid biomaterials (2009)

Bone exhibits hierarchical levels of organization from macroscopic to microscopic, and nano- length scales. Furthermore, multiple bioactive peptides, as part of the collagenous and non-collagenous water soluble glycoproteins and proteoglycans in the bone ECM, interact with progenitor BMS cells to initiate the cascade of chemotaxis, differentiation, and mineralization. In this work, a nanofiber hydrogel/apatite composite matrix is developed to mimic the laminated structure of the osteons in bone and to determine the effect of RGD and BMP peptides, grafted to the composite, on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of BMS cells. For four-layer laminates, the Young's modulus of the laminated composites was four times that of the nanofibers alone. BMS cells seeded on RGD+BMP peptide modified composites showed synergistic 4.9- and 11.8-fold increase in calcium content from day 7 to 14 and 21. These findings are potentially useful in developing engineered scaffolds for bone regeneration.
A POST Parser-Based Learner Model for Template-Based ICALL for Japanese-English Writing Skills (2002)

Improving the parsing accuracy of a statistical ‘context sensitive’ parser, we have developed a new learner model which is capable of identifying the structural deficiencies of a learner for the template-automaton-based ICALL (intelligent language tutoring system) of Japanese-English writing skill (Tokuda & Chen, 2001). The parsing accuracy of corpus-based parsers is improved first by pre-assigning POS (part-of-speech) tags to well-formed sentences in a template and then by making use of a compound dictionary of idiomatic phrases. By defining the minimum unit of a parsed tree as a Minimum Error Sub-Tree if the unit contains an heaviest common sequence (HCS) -based static error(s) identified, we show how the new syntactic-based learner model can now be used to identify the structural deficiencies of a learner largely due to structural differences between his first and second languages, thus introducing an entirely new scheme of remediation in the ICALL system.
Investigating the Option of Removing the Antialiasing Filter From Digital Relays (2009)

Digital relays traditionally employ sampling rates of less than 100 samples/cycle. In order to avoid aliasing due to fault transients, these relays employ an analog antialiasing filter before critical-sampling (Nyquist rate) the input waveforms coming from instrument transformers. In many applications of electrical engineering, oversampling (greater than the Nyquist rate) has long been used to simplify the requirements of an antialiasing filter with a sharp cutoff; in some cases, the filter can even be eliminated. This paper investigates this option for a digital relay. The performance of a traditional digital relay is compared with a method that uses oversampling without using an antialiasing filter. By processing a comprehensive array of fault waveforms from Electromagnetic Transients Program simulations, a suitable oversampling rate is suggested. A comparison of phasor estimates using the traditional relay and the proposed method is made for different operating and fault conditions. The results suggest that oversampling can eliminate the antialiasing filter traditionally employed in digital relays.
GaAs switched geometry oscillator for X and Ku bands (1982)

A single oscillator circuit using an FET pair with RF coupled, dc isolated gates, which is capable of operating at two widely separated but selectable frequencies, will be presented. Unswitched, the oscillations are at 200GHz, and when the second FET is pinched off, the output frequency changes to 12.5GHz.
Solution Processed Titanyl Phthalocyanines as Donors in Solar Cells: Photoresponse to 1000 nm (2015)

We report a route to thin-film polymorphs of soluble TiOPc derivatives that exhibit similar near-IR absorptivities as vapor deposited thin-films of the parent TiOPc chromophore (phase-I and phase-II polymorphs) and demonstrate that solution-processed planar and bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated with one of these derivatives exhibited photoactivity throughout the same near-IR wavelength range without compromising VOC. Solution-processed thin-films of soluble octakis(alkylthio)-substituted TiOPc derivatives 1-3 exhibit absorption extending to 1000 nm. When incorporated into OPV devices, the contributions from the lowest CT excitonic state (QB band) of 1 to device performance were evident in both PHJ and BHJ architectures, indicating sufficient driving force for PIET. This contribution was improved via intimate mixing of donor and acceptor molecules in a BHJ architecture, albeit with a decrease in efficiency. IPCE of the best performing BHJ device revealed a contribution from 1 exceeding that of acceptor PCBM, and extending to 1000 nm.