gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gingipains from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> W83 Synergistically Disrupt Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Can Induce Caspase-Independent Apoptosis (2006)

We have shown previously that gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 can induce cell detachment, cell adhesion molecule (CAM) cleavage, and apoptosis in endothelial cells; however, the specific roles of the individual gingipains are unclear. Using purified gingipains, we determined that each of the gingipains can cleave CAMs to varying degrees with differing kinetics. Kgp and HRgpA work together to quickly detach endothelial cells. Interestingly, in the absence of active caspases, both gingipain-active W83 extracts and purified HRgpA and RgpB induce apoptotic morphology, suggesting that the gingipains can induce both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis. Using z-VAD-FMK to inhibit Kgp activity and leupeptin to inhibit Rgp activity in gingipain-active W83 extracts, we investigated the relative significance of the synergistic role of the gingipains. z-VAD-FMK or leupeptin delayed, but did not inhibit, cell detachment induced by gingipain-active W83 extracts or purified gingipains. There was partial cleavage of N-cadherin and cleavage of VE-cadherin was not inhibited. Degradation of integrin beta1 was inhibited only in the presence of z-VAD-FMK. These results further clarify the role P. gingivalis plays in tissue destruction occurring in the periodontal pocket.
Sequential daily relations of sleep, pain intensity, and attention to pain among women with fibromyalgia (1996)

Fifty women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) recorded their sleep quality, pain intensity, and attention to pain for 30 days, using palm-top computers programmed as electronic interviewers. They described their previous night's sleep quality within one-half hour of awakening each day, and at randomly selected times in the morning, afternoon, and evening rated their present pain in 14 regions and attention to pain during the last 30 min. We analyzed the 30-day aggregates cross-sectionally at the across-persons level and the pooled data set of 1500 person-days at the within-persons level after adjusting for between-persons variation and autocorrelation. Poorer sleepers tended to report significantly more pain. A night of poorer sleep was followed by a significantly more painful day, and a more painful day was followed by a night of poorer sleep. Pain attention and sleep were unrelated at the across-persons level of analysis. But there was a significant bi-directional within-person association between pain attention and sleep quality that was not explained by changes in pain intensity.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEIN STABILIZED EMULSIONS: CREAMING STABILITY (1978)

ABSTRACT Protein stabilized emulsions have been prepared in a recirculating emulsification system, where flow velocity, power and energy input have been controlled and measured. Three different types of emulsifying equipment have been used, namely a turbo‐mixer, an ultrasonic device and a valve homogenizer. The protein systems studied were a soybean protein isolate, a whey protein concentrate (WPC) and a sodium caseinate, and the emulsions obtained were characterized in terms of creaming stability. It was found that although the power and energy consumption during emulsification were the same, the creaming stabilities differed as a function of the emulsifying apparatus used. Increased power and energy input contributed in general to an improved creaming stability up to a certain limit, whereupon it leveled off. The emulsifying efficiency of the turbo‐mixer is poorest in terms of creaming stability of the emulsions formed, whereas the ultrasonic device most generally is the best choice of equipment at lower power input. At an increase of power consumption the valve homogenizer is an equally good alternative, or even better.
New Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors:  <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Activities of Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, and Perhydroindole Derivatives (1996)

A series of potent and selective prolylendopeptidase (PEP) inhibitors of the alpha-keto heterocyclic type has been obtained by replacing the classical central proline of 1-[1-(4-phenylbutanoyl)-L-prolyl]pyrrolidine (SUAM 1221,3) by non-natural amino acids PHI, ABO, and ABH. These 4-phenylbutanoyl side-chain-containing inhibitors exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory potencies with IC50 around 30 nM (compounds 24 and 25). Modulation of the side chain by replacement of the terminal phenyl ring by the dicyclopropyl moiety afforded derivatives 30 and 32 with improved potencies (IC50 between 10 and 20 nM). Furthermore, replacing the linear 4-phenylbutanoyl side chain by the (2-phenylcyclopropyl)carbonyl entity provided potent inhibitors with IC50 culminating at 0.9 nM on a rat cortex enzymatic preparation (compound 70). The configuration of the cyclopropyl ring had to be R,R in order to obtain not only a strong PEP inhibition in vitro but also a good activity in vivo, exemplified by inhibitor 68, which gave ID50 ip and po of 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. Finally, demonstration of the cognition-enhancing properties of compound 54 was given in the passive avoidance test using scopolamine-induced amnesia in the rat, where it dose dependently inhibited the scopolamine-induced decrease in avoidance response.
Lossy compression of lenslet images from plenoptic cameras combining sparse predictive coding and JPEG 2000 (2017)

This paper proposes a lenslet image compression method scalable from low bitrates to fully lossless. The subaperture images are split into two sets: a set of reference views, encoded by a standard lossy or lossless compressor, and the set of dependent views, which are reconstructed by sparse prediction from the reference set using the geometrical information from the depth map. The set of reference views may contain all views and all views may also be dependent views, in which case the sparse predictive stage does not reconstruct from scratch the views, but it refines in a sequential order all views by combining in an optimal way the information about the same region existing in neighbor views. The encoder transmits to the decoder a segmented version of the scene depthmap, the encoded versions of the reference views, displacements for each region from the central view to each of the dependent views, and finally the sparse predictors for each region and each dependent view. The scheme can be configured to ensure random access to the dependent views, while the reference views are compressed in a backward compatible way, e.g., using JPEG 2000. The experimental results show performance better than that of the baseline standard compressor used, JPEG 2000.
Mutation of the protein-O-mannosyltransferase enhances secretion of the human urokinase-type plasminogen activator inHansenula polymorpha (2005)

Human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is poorly secreted and aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast cells due to inefficient folding. A screen for Hansenula polymorpha mutants with improved uPA secretion revealed a gene encoding a homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein-O-mannosyltransferase Pmt1p. Expression of the H. polymorpha PMT1 gene (HpPMT1) abolished temperature sensitivity of the S. cerevisiae pmt1 pmt2 double mutant. As in S. cerevisiae, inactivation of the HpPMT1 gene affected electrophoretic mobility of the O-glycosylated protein, extracellular chitinase. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, disruption of HpPMT1 alone caused temperature sensitivity. Inactivation of the HpPMT1 gene decreased intracellular aggregation of uPA, suggesting that enhanced secretion of uPA was due to improvement of its folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike most of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins, HpPmt1p possesses the C-terminal KDEL retention signal.
Abstract 227: Megalin Regulates Angiotensinogen and Contributes to Atherosclerosis (2017)

Objective: Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the only substrate of the renin-angiotensin system to generate angiotensin peptides, including angiotensin II (AngII), a critical contributor to atherosclerosis. AGT interacts with megalin in proximal convoluted tubules of kidney. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of megalin on AGT, AngII, and atherosclerosis in mice. Methods and Results: Male C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with vehicle (PBS) or megalin second generation antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) for 5 weeks. Inhibition of megalin was confirmed by more than 80% reduction of megalin mRNA in kidney. Urine was collected using metabolic cages after 5 weeks of vehicle or ASO injections. At termination, blood was collected with EDTA and protease inhibitor cocktail to measure plasma concentrations of renin and AngII, respectively. Urine AGT and renin concentrations were profoundly increased, accompanied by reduction of renal, but not plasma, AngII production. To determine whether megalin inhibition influences atherosclerosis, male LDL receptor -/- mice were injected with vehicle, control ASO, or megalin ASO for 13 weeks. Western diet was started 1 week after the first injection and continued for 12 weeks. Atherosclerosis was quantified by en face analysis of the aortic intimal surface from the ascending aorta to 3 mm proximal to the left subclavian artery branch. Megalin ASO administration led to more than 70% reductions of megalin mRNA in kidney. Consistent with the effects in C57BL/6 mice, AGT concentrations were significantly higher in urine (Vehicle, control ASO and megalin ASO groups: 85 ± 10, 109 ± 71, and 4616 ± 637 ng/ml, respectively; P<0.001 by one way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak method). Plasma total cholesterol concentrations did not differ among groups. Megalin inhibition reduced atherosclerotic lesion area compared to the other two groups (Percent lesion area in Vehicle, control ASO and megalin ASO groups: 23 ± 2, 20 ± 2, 12 ± 1 %, respectively; P < 0.001 by one way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak method). Conclusions: Inhibition of megalin increased urine AGT and renin, reduced renal AngII concentrations, and diminished hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in mice.
Fv structure of monoclonal antibody II-481 against herpes simplex virus Fc gamma-binding glycoprotein gE contains immunodominant complementarity determining region epitopes that react with human immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factors. (1994)

Human immunoglobulin M (IgM) rheumatoid factors (RFs) show primary direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reactivity with Fab rather than Fc fragments of monoclonal antibody (mAb) II-481 directed against the Fc gamma-binding site of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gE. This preferential anti-Fab specificity suggests that RFs react with antigen-binding portions of mAb II-481 as anti-idiotypic antibodies directed at the combining site regions of mAb reacting with the Fc gamma-binding region of gE. Analysis of this idiotype-anti-idiotype reaction employed polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the variable heavy and light (VH and VL) regions of mAb II-481. When VH and VL regions of mAb II-481 were synthesized as overlapping 7-mer peptides on polypropylene pins, a panel of 10 polyclonal and 6 monoclonal human IgM RFs reacted primarily with epitopes within the three solvent-exposed mAb II-481 complementarity determining regions (CDRs). Preincubation of single CDR heptamer peptides with IgM RFs in free solution, resulted in 63-100% inhibition of RF binding to mAb II-481 on the ELISA plate, confirming the antigenic importance of linear CDR regions for RF reactivity. Combinations of two or three CDR peptides frequently produced 94-100% inhibition of RF binding to whole mAb II-481. Control peptides, singly or in combination, showed no inhibition. Computer modeling suggested that the RF-reactive mAb II-481 Fv region and a previously demonstrated RF-reactive CH3 epitope displayed considerable three-dimensional similarities in conformation. These studies may provide insight into limited shape homologies possibly involved in an RF anti-idiotypic reaction.
Adaptive Deterministic Packet Marking (2006)

An efficient method is presented for signaling link price information using single-bit marks. It exploits side information in the IPid field of the IP header to allow the maximum price on a flow's path to be estimated. It automatically adapts the resolution with which the price is quantized, depending on how quickly the price changes. The algorithm does not depend on the number of hops in a link. A marking scheme with improved compatibility with current ECN (RFC 3168) is also proposed
Decisions under Uncertainty: Probabilistic Context Influences Activation of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices (2005)

Many decisions are made under uncertainty; that is, with limited information about their potential consequences. Previous neuroimaging studies of decision making have implicated regions of the medial frontal lobe in processes related to the resolution of uncertainty. However, a different set of regions in dorsal prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices has been reported to be critical for selection of actions to unexpected or unpredicted stimuli within a sequence. In the current study, we induced uncertainty using a novel task that required subjects to base their decisions on a binary sequence of eight stimuli so that uncertainty changed dynamically over time (from 20 to 50%), depending on which stimuli were presented. Activation within prefrontal, parietal, and insular cortices increased with increasing uncertainty. In contrast, within medial frontal regions, as well as motor and visual cortices, activation did not increase with increasing uncertainty. We conclude that the brain response to uncertainty depends on the demands of the experimental task. When uncertainty depends on learned associations between stimuli and responses, as in previous studies, it modulates activation in the medial frontal lobes. However, when uncertainty develops over short time scales as information is accumulated toward a decision, dorsal prefrontal and posterior parietal contributions are critical for its resolution. The distinction between neural mechanisms subserving different forms of uncertainty resolution provides an important constraint for neuroeconomic models of decision making.
Oriented Light-Field Windows for Scene Flow (2015)

2D spatial image windows are used for comparing pixel values in computer vision applications such as correspondence for optical flow and 3D reconstruction, bilateral filtering, and image segmentation. However, pixel window comparisons can suffer from varying defocus blur and perspective at different depths, and can also lead to a loss of precision. In this paper, we leverage the recent use of light-field cameras to propose alternative oriented light-field windows that enable more robust and accurate pixel comparisons. For Lambertian surfaces focused to the correct depth, the 2D distribution of angular rays from a pixel remains consistent. We build on this idea to develop an oriented 4D light-field window that accounts for shearing (depth), translation (matching), and windowing. Our main application is to scene flow, a generalization of optical flow to the 3D vector field describing the motion of each point in the scene. We show significant benefits of oriented light-field windows over standard 2D spatial windows. We also demonstrate additional applications of oriented light-field windows for bilateral filtering and image segmentation.
Comparative assessment of qualitative and quantitative perfusion with dual-energy CT and planar and SPECT-CT V/Q scanning in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (2018)

Inter-observer agreement in subjective grading of PBV maps is excellent. However, inter-modality agreement between DECT and SPECT-CT is modest. Automated quantification values of PBV maps correlate poorly with established tools like planar V/Q imaging. These differences need to be kept in mind during clinical decision making.
Levels of L‐Selectin (CD62L) on Human Leukocytes in Disseminated Cryptococcosis With and Without Associated HIV‐1 Infection (2005)

Patients with disseminated cryptococcosis typically have measurable levels of cryptococcal polysaccharide in serum samples but minimal leukocyte infiltration into infected tissues. In vitro data have shown that cryptococcal polysaccharide induces L-selectin (CD62L) shedding from leukocytes. To assess shedding in vivo, we compared leukocyte L-selectin levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-negative and -positive subjects with and without circulating cryptococcal polysaccharide. Results showed that subjects with cryptococcal polysaccharide in serum samples have significantly lower percentages of neutrophils, monocytes, and CD3+ T cells with L-selectin on their surfaces than do healthy subjects, regardless of HIV status. There was significantly more soluble L-selectin in serum samples from subjects with cryptococcosis than in those from uninfected subjects. Reduced L-selectin levels on leukocytes in subjects with circulating cryptococcal polysaccharide and increased serum levels of soluble L-selectin indicates that surface L-selectin shedding is a mechanism that likely explains reduced leukocyte extravasation into infected tissues of patients with disseminated cryptococcosis.
Roles of RpoN in the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni under various stress conditions (2011)

The results demonstrate that RpoN plays an important role in C. jejuni's defense against various stresses which this bacterial pathogen may encounter during transmission to and infection of humans.
Properties of the L function (1982)

We study the function $L(t) = inf_{0 < x < 1}(x^p + t(1-x)^q)$ and related functions which arise in the theory of interpolation spaces.
Kinking of a soft nasal tracheal tube (2007)

I would like to report a potentially serious incident with a Portex Blue Line naso-tracheal tube (Smiths Medical Ltd, Hythe, UK). A male patient was scheduled for removal of a stone from a salivary gland duct. A nasal tracheal tube was requested for surgical access. After an uneventful induction of general anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, a size 6 mm internal diameter Portex Blue Line nasal tube was passed under laryngoscopic vision (Grade 1 view) using a pair of Magill's forceps. Although a size 6 mm tube is smaller than recommended, it is my normal practice to check the length of the tube against the patient and if this is adequate to use a smaller size tube to minimise nasal trauma. Following intubation the patient was difficult to ventilate with airway pressures of 40 mmHg on squeezing the bag, there was no capnograph trace, no breath sounds and no sounds on auscultating over the stomach. Repeat laryngoscopy confirmed tracheal placement of the tube with the black line being visible just above the vocal cords. Initially the diagnoses considered were anaphylaxis, tension pneumothorax or severe bronchospasm. After overcoming the temptation to administer a small dose of adrenaline (a primitive anaesthetic reflex, I believe) the tracheal tube was removed, the patient ventilated with bag and mask and the situation resolved. He was re-intubated with a size 7 mm Portex Blue Line tube and the case proceeded uneventfully. When the size 6 mm tube was removed it was noted that the end had folded back on itself (Fig. 1). On closer examination it was apparent that it had bent double at the point where the pilot tube for inflating the balloon pierces the sidewall of the tube. The end of the size 6 mm tube bent back on itself (held with tape for illustrative purposes). I believe there are three contributing factors. Firstly, the use of a smaller than recommended size tube meant that there was room for the tube to fold double within the lumen of the trachea. Secondly, the use of Magill's forceps might have also encouraged the bend in the tube, either by compressing it or making it snag on the anterior tracheal wall or anterior commissure. Lastly, it appears that the Portex Blue Line tubes are susceptible to kinking at the point where the pilot tube pierces the sidewall of the tube. Obviously, care should used when using soft nasal tubes and Magill's forceps and the appropriate size tube should be used for the patient.
Alternative Perspectives of Enzyme Kinetic Modeling (2012)

The basis of enzyme kinetic modelling was established during the early 1900’s when the work of Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten produced a pseudo-steady state equation linking enzymatic catalytic rate to substrate concentration (Michaelis & Menten, 1913). Building from the Michaelis-Menten equation, other equations used to describe the effects of modifiers of enzymatic activity were developed based on their effect on the catalytic parameters of the Michaelis-Menten equation. Initially, inhibitors affecting the substrate affinity were deemed competitive and inhibitors affecting the reaction rate were labelled non-competitive (McElroy 1947). These equations have persisted as the basis for inhibition studies and can be found in most basic textbooks dealing with the subject of enzyme inhibition. Here the functionality of the competitive and non-competitive equations are examined to support the development of a unified equation for enzymatic activity modulation. From this, a modular approach to pseudo-steady state enzyme kinetic equation building is examined. Finally the assumption that these equations, which stem from the Michaelis-Menten equation, are truly pseudo-steady state is also examined.
Efficacy and Physical Properties of Sunscreen Film (2009)

サンスクリーン剤の塗膜の構造に着目し, 特異的な膜構造を形成するための制御方法とその機能を検証した結果に関して述べた。耐水性を向上させる事を主たる目的として, 表面にハスの葉のように周期的な微細凹凸構造 (MPUS) を形成するサンスクリーン剤を開発した。MPUSは, 塗膜を水に接触させる方法および溶媒を揮発させる方法の2通りの方法で得る事ができた。効果的にMPUSを形成させるためには, 粉体の分散性と溶媒の揮発性を調整することが重要であった。得られたMPUS形成型サンスクリーン剤は, 従来の擾水型サンスクリーン剤と比較し, 耐水性が高く, 海水浴等の水に晒される状況においても高い紫外線防御効果を発揮することが明らかとなった。また, 高耐水性のみならず, 特徴的な光学特性, 引っ張り特性を有した。
Problems of Ultra-Deepwater Drilling (1999)

Abstract Ultra-deepwater drilling activity is at an all time high. Recently, there were only two rigs rated to, and actually working in, water depths greater than 6,000 ft. Soon there will be over twenty. This increase will involve new deepwater operators and bring a large number of new people to deepwater. This paper presents some of the problems that have occurred in deepwater operations under the assumption that an understanding of what can go wrong is the best way to avoid problems. It will identify these problems and discuss the critical topics of rig positioning, environmental considerations, BOP control, riser management, well control, wellbore construction, production problems, and personnel training and safety.
[The immunomodulating and antioxidant action of beta-carotene and essentiale in a lipid metabolic disorder]. (1998)

Excessive supply of lipids to the organism of rats causes increase in lipid peroxidation, reduction of red cell energy status, the appearance in them of immunosuppressive properties, and inhibition of immunological reactivity. Administration of beta-carotene and essential corrects the biochemical status and immunological reactivity of the organism in alimentary lipid loading. beta-Carotene cancels the immunosuppressive properties of light red blood cells, whereas essential induces the appearance of immunostimulating properties in the heavy cells.
The University of New South Wales Optometry Department ‐1974‐75 (1975)

This report covers the activities of the Department of Optometry from March, 1974 to June, 1975.
UCEN: User Centric Enterprise Network (2008)

Users' behaviors greatly affect communication methods, routing & access control. However, the importance of user role is ignored by current location-centric networks. To address this problem, we propose UCEN, a user-centric network which changes some basic principles of today's Internet. UCEN adds user identity information into network, and enables user identity based authentication, routing & access control and application service management, which greatly ensure network security. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, a prototype is under development.