gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time depth-resolved fiber optic Raman endoscopy for<i>in vivo</i>diagnosis of gastric precancer (2014)

Raman spectroscopy represents a unique optical vibrational technique based on the fundamental premise of inelastic light scattering. Raman spectroscopy enables histopathological assessment at the biomolecular level. We have developed a fiber-optic depth-resolved near-infrared (NIR) Raman endoscopy technique integrated with on-line diagnostic algorithms for in vivo real-time epithelial diagnostics under multimodal wide-field imaging (i.e., white light reflectance (WLR), narrow-band imaging (NBI), autofluorescence imaging (AFI)) modalities. A selection of 450 patients who previously underwent Raman endoscopy (n=1900 spectra) was used to render diagnostic models for identifying gastric precancer (i.e., dysplasia) based on probabilistic partial least squares (PLS) - discriminant analysis (DA). The on-line Raman endoscopy technique was tested prospectively on (n=5) patients for real-time in vivo gastric epithelium tissue diagnosis. The fiber-optic confocal Raman endoscopic technique developed could prospectively identify gastric dysplasia in real-time with a sensitivity: 81.3% (61/75) and specificity 88.3% (188/213) on spectrum basis. On lesion basis, all dysplastic lesions were identified. This study successfully demonstrates for the first time the prospective real-time in vivo diagnosis of gastric precancer using depth-resolved Raman endoscopy.
MAP decoding in channels with memory (2000)

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is popular in estimating the parameters of various statistical models. We consider applications of the EM algorithm to the maximum a posteriori (MAP) sequence decoding assuming that sources and channels are described by hidden Markov models (HMMs). The HMMs can accurately approximate a large variety of communication channels with memory and, in particular, wireless fading channels with noise. The direct maximization of the a posteriori probability (APP) is too complex. The EM algorithm allows us to obtain the MAP sequence estimation iteratively. Since each step of the EM algorithm increases the APP, the algorithm can improve the performance of any decoding procedure.
Robust Keyframe-based Dense SLAM with an RGB-D Camera (2017)

In this paper, we present RKD-SLAM, a robust keyframe-based dense SLAM approach for an RGB-D camera that can robustly handle fast motion and dense loop closure, and run without time limitation in a moderate size scene. It not only can be used to scan high-quality 3D models, but also can satisfy the demand of VR and AR applications. First, we combine color and depth information to construct a very fast keyframe-based tracking method on a CPU, which can work robustly in challenging cases (e.g.~fast camera motion and complex loops). For reducing accumulation error, we also introduce a very efficient incremental bundle adjustment (BA) algorithm, which can greatly save unnecessary computation and perform local and global BA in a unified optimization framework. An efficient keyframe-based depth representation and fusion method is proposed to generate and timely update the dense 3D surface with online correction according to the refined camera poses of keyframes through BA. The experimental results and comparisons on a variety of challenging datasets and TUM RGB-D benchmark demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Modification of human papillomavirus‐like particle vaccine by insertion of the cross‐reactive L2‐epitopes (2008)

Infection with human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16), which is one of the 15 types of HPV causally associated with cervical cancer and accounts for 50% of the cases, can be prevented in a type-specific manner by an HPV16 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine comprised of particles of the L1 protein alone. We attempted to modify the VLP vaccine by inserting the HPV16 L2-peptides including cross-neutralization epitopes into the L1 polypeptide. The chimeric L1 had, between L1 amino acids (aa) 430 and 433, the L2 sequence of aa 18-38, 56-75, or 96-115 (with the replacements of S at aa 101 and T at aa 112 with L and S, respectively). The three chimeric L1s were each expressed from the recombinant baculovirus in insect Sf9 cells, and the resultant VLPs were characterized. The chimeric VLPs were shown to present the L2-peptides on their surface. By immunizing rabbits with the VLPs, it was shown that they retained capability to induce the antibody neutralizing HPV16 and acquired capability to elicit antibodies cross-neutralizing the infectious HPV18, 31, 52, and 58 pseudovirions. Although the cross-neutralizing titers were lower than the type-specific neutralizing titer, the results suggest that the chimeric VLPs have potential to serve as a vaccine candidate for a broad spectrum of high-risk HPVs.
Cardiotonic agents. Synthesis and inotropic activity of a series of isoquinolin-3-ol derivatives (1988)

A series of isoquinolin-3-ol derivatives (II) was prepared as analogues of the clinical cardiotonic agent bemarinone (ORF 16600, I). Although in many respects the structural requirements for the cardiotonic activity of II are similar to those of bemarinone, certain differences between the series were noted. Our structure-activity studies show that II is less sensitive to alkoxy-substitution effects than is I, and more significantly, 4-substitution of II by alkyl groups, halogen, or alkanecarboxylic acid derivatives enhances cardiotonic activity in II in contrast to I, wherein analogous substitution eliminated activity. A linear correlation between contractile force (CF) increase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase fraction III (PDE-III) inhibition by the title compounds was determined. The isoquinoline derivatives were characteristically short-acting cardiotonic agents with good potency and selectivity.
Real time separation of audio signals using digital signal processors (2005)

This work presents a practical real time execution of a family of dynamic blind signal separation algorithms using commercial digital signal processors (DSP). The implementation adopts discrete-time formulations with a view towards on line commercial use. Many applications exist in voice based computer interfaces and telephony.
Adaptive cache compression for high-performance processors (2004)

Modern processors use two or more levels of cache memories to bridge the rising disparity between processor and memory speeds. Compression can improve cache performance by increasing effective cache capacity and eliminating misses. However, decompressing cache lines also increases cache access latency, potentially degrading performance. In this paper, we develop an adaptive policy that dynamically adapts to the costs and benefits of cache compression. We propose a two-level cache hierarchy where the L1 cache holds uncompressed data and the L2 cache dynamically selects between compressed and uncompressed storage. The L2 cache is 8-way set-associative with LRU replacement, where each set can store up to eight compressed lines but has space for only four uncompressed lines. On each L2 reference, the LRU stack depth and compressed size determine whether compression (could have) eliminated a miss or incurs an unnecessary decompression overhead. Based on this outcome, the adaptive policy updates a single global saturating counter, which predicts whether to allocate lines in compressed or uncompressed form. We evaluate adaptive cache compression using full-system simulation and a range of benchmarks. We show that compression can improve performance for memory-intensive commercial workloads by up to 17%. However, always using compression hurts performance for low-miss-rate benchmarks - due to unnecessary decompression overhead - degrading performance by up to 18%. By dynamically monitoring workload behavior, the adaptive policy achieves comparable benefits from compression, while never degrading performance by more than 0.4%.
Trading Off Cache Capacity for Low-Voltage Operation (2009)

Two proposed techniques let microprocessors operate at low voltages despite high memory-cell failure rates. They identify and disable defective portions of the cache at two granularities: individual words or pairs of bits. Both techniques use the entire cache during high-voltage operation while sacrificing cache capacity during low-voltage operation to reduce the minimum voltage below 500 mV.
Lignosulfonate and elevated pH can enhance enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses (2013)

The results reported in this study suggest significant advantages for SPORL-pretreatment in terms of reducing water usage and enzyme dosage, and simplifying process integration, i.e., it should eliminate washing of SPORL solid fraction for direct simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and combined fermentation of enzymatic and pretreatment hydrolysates (SSCombF). Elevated pH 5.5 or higher, rather than the commonly believed optimal and widely practiced pH 4.8-5.0, should be used in conducting enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses.
Improved combined intra prediction for higher video compression efficiency (2016)

Intra prediction is an important component of video compression. The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard supports advanced Intra prediction tools to achieve remarkable Intra coding performance. However, higher compression efficiency performance may be achieved using Combined Intra Prediction (CIP). CIP consists in combining conventional Intra reference samples, with samples extracted from within the current block being encoded. In this paper, an improvement to the original CIP approach is proposed to achieve higher compression efficiency. Due to the fact the encoder does not have access to reconstruction samples while compressing a block, a controlled drift occurs at the block level between the Intra prediction blocks generated at the encoder and decoder when using CIP. The proposed approach aims at reducing such a drift, hence improving CIP performance. This Improved CIP is able to achieve up to 1.4 % BD-rate savings with respect to the HEVC reference software. The paper also proposes the combination of Improved CIP with an additional tool for enhancing the accuracy of Intra prediction. Up to 1.9 % BD-rate savings can be achieved using this approach.
Regioselective Glucosylation of Aromatic Compounds: Screening of a Recombinant Glycosyltransferase Library to Identify Biocatalysts (2006)

Ein Ganzzell-Screening wurde zur Identifizierung neuer Glycosyltransferase(GT)-Biokatalysatoren in einer rekombinanten Enzymbibliothek entwickelt. Nach der Biotransformation dienten die D-Glucose-Spiegel als Maß für die Biokatalyse. 25 Enzyme, die D-Glucose auf trans-Resveratrol mit der im Bild gezeigten Regioselektivität übertragen, wurden identifiziert. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z504505_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Gate-tunable memristors from monolayer MoS2 (2018)

We report here gate-tunable memristors based on monolayer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These memristors are fabricated in a field-effect geometry with the channel consisting of polycrystalline MoS2 films with grain sizes of 3-5 um. The device characteristics show switching ratios up to 500, with the resistance in individual states being continuously gate-tunable by over three orders of magnitude. The resistive switching results from dynamically varying threshold voltage and Schottky barrier heights, whose underlying physical mechanism appears to be vacancy migration and/or charge trapping. Top-gated devices achieve reversible tuning of the threshold voltage, with potential utility in non-volatile memory or neuromorphic architectures.
Evaluation of the 'HiVol' above-wafer in-situ particle monitoring sensor (2002)

The 'HiVol' above wafer in-situ particle monitoring (AWISPM) sensor was developed to overcome many of the fundamental design issues typically associated with most ISPM sensor applications. The AWISPM sensor is capable of monitoring particulate contamination levels directly within a process chamber, and the use of a scanned laser beam creates a much larger detection volume. Since a particle is also detected multiple times within the detection volume, the use of an 'auto-correlation' algorithm results in a significant decrease in the level of false counts. Project results demonstrate that the AWISPM sensor provides better correlation to wafer-level defects and to the corresponding product yield impact. Consequently, the AWISPM sensor can be effective in the early detection of defect excursions and in enhancing product yields. The sensor was also shown to be useful in forecasting the need for equipment preventative maintenance, and in reducing the reliance upon off-line wafer defect inspection systems.
Text-Dependent Speaker Recognition with long-term features based on functional data analysis (2012)

Text-Dependent Speaker Recognition (TDSR) is widely used nowadays. The short-term features like Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) have been the dominant features used in traditional Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) based TDSR systems. The short-term features capture better local portion of the significant temporal dynamics but worse in overall sentence statistical characteristics. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) has been proven to show significant advantage in exploring the statistic information of data, so in this paper, a long-term feature extraction based on MFCC and FDA theory is proposed, where the extraction procedure consists of the following steps: Firstly, the FDA theory is applied after the MFCC feature extraction; Secondly, for the purpose of compressing the redundant data information, new feature based on the Functional Principle Component Analysis (FPCA) is generated; Thirdly, the distance between train features and test features is calculated for the use of the recognition procedure. Compared with the existing MFCC plus DTW method, experimental results show that the new features extracted with the proposed method plus the cosine similarity measure demonstrates better performance.
Underwater laser filamentation and guiding of electrical discharges (2011)

Summary form only given. A technique to laser trigger and guide electrical discharges in an underwater environment is currently being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This work has potential applications in advanced micromachining, similar to that currently performed using electric discharge machining and water-assisted femtosecond laser machining, and low-jitter pulsed power generator switches <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . In order to expand on this technique, we are studying the generation of underwater optical filaments. Optical filamentation is the process in which a sufficiently high power laser beam propagating within a medium will nonlinearly self-focus. Once the laser beam focuses down to an intensity high enough to ionize the medium, a plasma region forms resulting in plasma induced defocusing. These two processes reach equilibrium and guide the beam over a long distance forming a long "filament-like" plasma region. The residual plasma trail can also form a vapor channel after recombination, heating, and hydrodynamic expansion. Both the plasma filament and vapor channel can be useful structures for the guiding of electrical discharges. Previous work by our group has shown electrical guiding in air using high power femtosecond laser pulses to produce atmospheric optical filaments to guide discharges over several meters. While the generation of underwater filaments has been shown using femtosecond laser systems, our group has recently observed that much longer nanosecond pulse lasers are also capable of producing filaments. In particular, several filaments were observed using a 60 mJ Q-switched frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. These filaments had characteristic diameters of-100 μm and persisted for over 10 Rayleigh lengths. The advantages of using such longer laser pulses are that they contain more energy, resulting in higher conductivity plasma and/or a larger subsequent vapor channel. Also, the corresponding laser systems are less expensive, more robust, and tend to exhibit better beam quality.Experimental results of underwater filamentation using both short and long pulse lasers will be presented. Additionally, plans and preliminary results for the guiding of electrical discharges will be discussed.
Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (1990)

Although the most direct way to interfere with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is at the level of the angiotensin II (AII) receptor, the currently available AII receptor antagonists are peptides still retaining significant agonistic properties with the obvious drawbacks of limited stability and lack of oral activity. We have characterized simple N-benzylimidazoles as weak, but selective AII receptor antagonists with a competitive mode of action. Chemical modification of these early leads led to EXP6155 and EXP6803, which show approximately 10- and 100-fold higher affinity. Oral activity was obtained for EXP7711, and in particular for EXP9654. This class of compounds displaces 3H-AII from its specific binding sites in various tissues. They competitively antagonize AII-induced responses in various in vitro and in vivo preparations, but do not influence AII-induced responses to KCl, norepinephrine, and vasopressin, nor do they affect converting enzyme or renin. In high renin models of elevated blood pressure, such as the renal hypertensive rat and sodium-depleted dog, these substances produce a sustained decrease in arterial pressure without changing heart rate after intravenous and oral (EXP7711 and EXP9654) administration. None of these compounds showed agonistic activity in any of the above test systems. In conclusion, the nonpeptide structures described herein are selective and competitive AII receptor antagonists and add another dimension to the arsenal of drugs manipulating the RAS.
Comparative Analysis Of Multiplexing Techniques For Interferometric Fiber Sensors (1989)

A number of techniques for the multiplexing of interferometric fiber sensors have been reported in recent years, and systems with up to eight sensor elements have been experimentally demonstrated. This paper presents a comparison of these various multiplexing approaches in terms of power budget, noise, bandwidth/sampling-rate requirements and crosstalk.
A phase II trial of prostate-specific membrane antigen antibody drug conjugate (PSMA ADC) in taxane-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2014)

83 Background: The abundant expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on prostate cancer cells provides a rationale for antibody therapy. PSMA antibody drug conjugate (ADC) is a fully human antibody to PSMA linked to the microtubule disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). It binds PSMA and is internalized and cleaved by lysosomal enzymes releasing free MMAE causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We enrolled 70 patients (pts) in a phase II trial of PSMA ADC in taxane-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: Pts with progressive mCRPC following taxane and ECOG PS 0 or 1 were eligible. PSMA ADC was administered Q3 week IV for up to eight cycles. Safety, tumor response by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), circulating tumor cells (CTC), imaging, biomarkers and clinical progression were assessed. Dosing was initiated at 2.5 mg/kg and adjustment for tolerability was allowed. Results: Thirty five pts began treatment at 2.5 mg/kg. Due to neutropenia, the remaining 35 pts began at 2.3 mg/kg. All pts received prior docetaxel and abiraterone and/or enzalutamide. Forty one percent also received cabazitaxel. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with what was seen in phase I; most common significant AEs were neutropenia (grade 4, 6.7% and 11.4% at 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively) and peripheral neuropathy (grade 3 or higher, 6.7% (2.3) and 5.7% (2.5)). Two pts at 2.5 mg/kg died of sepsis. 43% of pts at 2.3 and 37% of pts at 2.5 had declines in CTC from 5 or more to less than 5 cells/7.5 ml blood and 57.1% (2.3) and 74.1% (2.5) had 50% or more CTC declines; 26.1% (2.3) and 16.1% (2.5) had PSA declines of 30% or more thus far. PSA and CTC responses were associated with higher PSMA expression on CTC and lower neuroendocrine (NE) markers. The CTC conversion rate (5 or more to less than 5) was approximately 80% in pts with low NE markers. Prior cabazitaxel or abiraterone and/or enzalutamide did not appear to affect response. Centralized assessments of images by RECIST of all pts are currently planned and will be presented. Conclusions: PSMA ADC at 2.3 mg/kg was generally well tolerated in pts with progressive mCRPC previously treated with taxane. Anti-tumor activity, CTC and PSA reductions were observed at 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg. Updated safety, tumor response and radiographic assessments from the full cohorts of 2.3 and 2.5 mg/kg will be presented. Testing in taxane naïve pts is also ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01695044.
Discontinuous seismic horizon tracking based on a poisson equation with incremental dirichlet boundary conditions (2011)

We propose a new method to track a seismic horizon with a discontinuity due to a fault throw assumed to be quasi-vertical. Our approach requires the knowledge of the two points delimiting the horizon as well as the discontinuity location and jump. We deal with a non linear partial derivative equation relied on the estimated local dip. Its iterative resolution is based on a Poisson equation with incremental Dirichlet boundary conditions. By exploiting a coherence criterion, we finally present an efficient method even when the discontinuity location and jump are unknown.
Doped-TiO2/Cement Matrices Photoactive Materials (2004)

stract th a view to the development of eco-friendly photoacatalytic surfaces, this work examines 2-based materials, where the semiconducting oxide is doped by low amounts of metal ions. is shown that transparent preparations of anatase titanium dioxide (Nanostructured TiO2), ped with elements chosen from groups I-IV, and the lanthanide series of the periodic table, en applied on the surface of cementitious or marble products, can preserve the original earance of the surface, without altering the characteristics of the material.
Extended axial imaging range, widefield swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (2017)

We developed a high-speed, swept source OCT system for widefield OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging. The system has an extended axial imaging range of 6.6 mm. An electrical lens is used for fast, automatic focusing. The recently developed split-spectrum amplitude and phase-gradient angiography allow high-resolution OCTA imaging with only two B-scan repetitions. An improved post-processing algorithm effectively removed trigger jitter artifacts and reduced noise in the flow signal. We demonstrated high contrast 3 mm×3 mm OCTA image with 400×400 pixels acquired in 3 seconds and high-definition 8 mm×6 mm and 12 mm×6 mm OCTA images with 850×400 pixels obtained in 4 seconds. A widefield 8 mm×11 mm OCTA image is produced by montaging two 8 mm×6 mm scans. An ultra-widefield (with a maximum of 22 mm along both vertical and horizontal directions) capillary-resolution OCTA image is obtained by montaging six 12 mm×6 mm scans.