gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of the 110K superconducting phase in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films (1990)

The relaxation of the remnant moment induced in a nearly single phase high T(sub c) thin film of Pd-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O was investigated. Measurements reveal that the relaxation obeys a logarithmic time dependence for observation times up to 2000 seconds. The temperature dependence of the initial magnetization of the film and its decay rate are obtained. The initial magnetization monotonically decreases. However, the decay rate normalized by initial magnetization has a peak at approximately 14 K for an applied field of 500 gauss. The peak shifts to lower temperature for a stronger magnetic field. These data are compared with existing data on other high T(sub c) superconducting materials.
Resolving Single Molecules in Flow Cytometer in Presence of Fluorescent Bursts via an Optical Quantum Measurement (2023)

We prove high signal-to-noise (SNR>6) in single-biomarker detection with a quantum-enabled flow cytometer. We observe the nonclassical signal from single biomarkers and differentiate it from the spurious detection of “bright” classical particles based on experimentally characterized statistical properties and quantum measurement.
An Alternative Strategy for Trypanosome Survival in the Mammalian Bloodstream Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Ubiquitous Bovine Parasite Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri (2017)

There are hundreds of Trypanosoma species that live in the blood and tissue spaces of their vertebrate hosts. The vast majority of these do not have the ornate system of antigenic variation that has evolved in the small number of African trypanosome species, but can still maintain long-term infections in the face of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. Trypanosoma theileri is a typical example, has a restricted host range of cattle and other Bovinae, and is only occasionally reported to cause patent disease although no systematic survey of the effect of infection on agricultural productivity has been performed. Here, a detailed genome sequence and a transcriptome analysis of gene expression in bloodstream form T. theileri have been performed. Analysis of the genome sequence and expression showed that T. theileri has a typical kinetoplastid genome structure and allowed a prediction that it is capable of meiotic exchange, gene silencing via RNA interference and, potentially, density-dependent growth control. In particular, the transcriptome analysis has allowed a comparison of two distinct trypanosome cell surfaces, T. brucei and T. theileri, that have each evolved to enable the maintenance of a long-term extracellular infection in cattle. The T. theileri cell surface can be modeled to contain a mixture of proteins encoded by four novel large and divergent gene families and by members of a major surface protease gene family. This surface composition is distinct from the uniform variant surface glycoprotein coat on African trypanosomes providing an insight into a second mechanism used by trypanosome species that proliferate in an extracellular milieu in vertebrate hosts to avoid the adaptive immune response.
Technique for measuring phase accuracy and amplitude profile of continuous-phase modulated signals (1989)

A method and apparatus for determining the phase and amplitude accuracy of continuous-phase-modulated signals is described. The modulated RF signal generated by the transmitter unit under test is down-converted to a relatively low intermediate frequency which is filtered and sampled by a high sampling rate analog-to-digital converter. A digital signal processor processes the digital signals to produce measured amplitude and phase functions of the modulated transmitter signal. From the measured values of amplitude and phase, ideal amplitude and phase functions of the transmitter signal are synthesized mathematically. The synthesized functions are compared to the measured functions to determine instantaneous amplitude and phase errors as a function of time.
A cellulose binding domain protein restores female fertility when expressed in transgenic Bintje potato (2016)

A family 1 cellulose-binding domain (CBD 1) encoding gene from the potato late blight pathogen P. infestans was used to develop transgenic Bintje potato plants. Transgenic plants became female fertile, allowing for a previously sterile cultivar to be used in breeding improvement. Selection for the absence of the CBD transgene in progeny should allow for immediate use of a genetically enhanced material. Potential for use in other Solanaceous crops is proposed.
Viral and Bacterial Agents Associated with Experimental Transmission of Infectious Proventriculitis of Broiler Chickens (2001)

Proventriculitis of broilers can be reproduced by oral inoculation of day-old chicks with a proventricular homogenate from affected 3-wk-old broilers. The objective of the following studies was to isolate from this homogenate viral and bacterial isolates that could produce proventriculitis. A monoclonal antibody to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was used to precipitate virus from the homogenate. A primary chicken digestive tract cell culture system was also used to isolate virus from a 0.2-microm filtrate of the homogenate, and a bacterium was also isolated from the homogenate. In trial 1, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either proventriculus homogenate or monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated IBDV (MAB-IBDV). At 4, 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (PI), 12 birds from each treatment group were subjected to necropsy. In trial 2, day-old birds were orally inoculated with either infectious proventriculus homogenate, suspect virus isolated in cell culture and propagated in embryo livers and spleens, or a bacterial isolate. Twelve birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 PI. In trial 3, treatments were maintained in negative pressure isolation chambers, and an additional treatment included virus plus bacterial isolate. Twenty-four birds from each treatment were subjected to necropsy at day 21 PI. In trial 1, infectious homogenate decreased body weight and relative gizzard weights at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days PI. Proventriculus relative weight was increased at days 7, 14, and 21 PI, and proventriculus lesion scores were increased at days 14 and 21 PI. Bursa/spleen weight ratios were decreased at day 14, and feed conversion was increased at days 4 and 21. The MAB-IBDV treatment decreased proventriculus and gizzard relative weights at day 4 PI, increased proventriculus lesion scores and bursa/spleen weight ratios at day 14, and decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratios at day 21. In trial 2, all infected birds had significantly higher mean relative proventriculus weights at 21 days PI and had higher 4-wk mean proventriculus scores as compared with both control groups. In trial 3, birds treated with homogenate and birds treated with both suspect virus and the bacterial isolate had significantly higher proventriculus lesion scores; higher relative weights of proventriculus, gizzard, liver, and heart; lower body weights; and lower relative bursa weights compared with the saline control group. These studies suggest that infectious proventriculitis has a complex etiology involving both viral and bacterial infection.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Has Insulinotropic Activity in Human Fetal Pancreatic Cells (1994)

Fetal mesenchyme-derived factors are likely to play an important role in pancreatic islet development and growth. We have used primary cultures of human fetal pancreatic tissue to identify growth factors that have morphogenic, mitogenic, and insulinotropic activity. The formation of islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) during a 6-day culture was stimulated two- to threefold by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and to a lesser extent by keratinocyte growth factor (FGF-7) and insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II). In contrast, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) had a strong inhibitory effect. The ICCs formed during HGF/SF stimulation consisted mainly of epithelial cells, whereas FGF-2-induced ICCs were predominantly nonepithelial. Furthermore, although both FGF-2 and HGF/SF increased the total insulin content of the cultures, only HGF/SF increased the insulin content per DNA. Quantitatively, HGF/SF stimulated a 2.3-fold increase in the proportion of insulin-positive cells and a 3-fold higher number of replicating β-cells. Blocking of the IGF-I receptor inhibited ICC formation but did not affect their insulin content. Immunoneutralizing TGF-β resulted in increased cell growth and insulin content, indicating the presence of an endogenous inhibitory TGF-β activity in the model system. Our results suggest that HGF/SF may be an important component of the fetal mesenchyme-derived factors responsible for pancreatic islet development. HGF/SF also may prove valuable for supporting the in vitro growth of islet cells.
Capacitance measurements of the volume fraction and velocity of dielectric solids near a grounded wall (1996)

We describe capacitance probes that infer the volume fraction of solids near a grounded wall from a measurement of the effective dielectric constant of the suspension. The probes consist of three conductors, namely the sensor, guard, and ground surfaces. The instrument records capacitance between the sensor and ground by supplying an oscillating current of constant amplitude to the sensor. A control circuit maintains the guard and sensor voltages equal without affecting the sensor circuit. Because it surrounds the sensor conductor everywhere except at the probe surface, the guard eliminates stray and cable capacitances. By locating the ground at the periphery of the probe, this configuration renders the new instrument particularly useful in metallic vessels. Cross-correlation of the signals from two adjacent capacitance probes also permits measurements of the velocity of dielectric solids.
An NS3 Serine Protease Inhibitor Abrogates Replication of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus RNA (2003)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease is essential for polyprotein maturation and viral propagation, and it has been proposed as a suitable target for antiviral drug discovery. An N-terminal hexapeptide cleavage product of a dodecapeptide substrate identified as a weak competitive inhibitor of the NS3 protease activity was optimized to a potent and highly specific inhibitor of the enzyme. The effect of this potent NS3 protease inhibitor was evaluated on replication of subgenomic HCV RNA and compared with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), which is currently used in the treatment of HCV-infected patients. Treatment of replicon-containing cells with the NS3 protease inhibitor or IFN-alpha showed a dose-dependent decrease in subgenomic HCV RNA that reached undetectable levels following a 14-day treatment. Kinetic studies in the presence of either NS3 protease inhibitor or IFN-alpha also revealed similar profiles in HCV RNA decay with half-lives of 11 and 14 h, respectively. The finding that an antiviral specifically targeting the NS3 protease activity inhibits HCV RNA replication further validates the NS3 enzyme as a prime target for drug discovery and supports the development of NS3 protease inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach for HCV infection.
Altering the Equilibrium Condition in Sr-Doped Lanthanum Manganite (1999)

The material of choice for a solid oxide fuel cell cathode based on a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte is doped lanthanum manganite, (La, Sr)MnO3. It excels at many of the attributes necessary for a system to work at the required operating temperature and is flexible enough to allow for materials optimization. Although strontium-doping increases the electronic conductivity of the material, the ionic conductivity of the material remains negligible under operating conditions. Studies have shown that the internal equilibrium of the material heavily favors oxidation of the manganese rather than the loss of lattice oxygen as a charge compensation mechanism. This lack of oxygen vacancies in the structure retards the ability of the material to conduct oxygen ions; thus the optimized system requires a large number of engineered triple point boundary locations to work efficiently. We have successfully doped the host LSM lattice to alter the internal equilibrium of the material to increase its ionic conductivity and thus lower the cathodic overpotential of the system. Our paper discusses these new materials, the results of cell tests, and a number of characterization experiments performed.
STRALCP structure alignment-based clustering of proteins (2007)

Protein structural annotation and classification is an important and challenging problem in bioinformatics. Research towards analysis of sequence-structure correspondences is critical for better understanding of a protein's structure, function, and its interaction with other molecules. Clustering of protein domains based on their structural similarities provides valuable information for protein classification schemes. In this article, we attempt to determine whether structure information alone is sufficient to adequately classify protein structures. We present an algorithm that identifies regions of structural similarity within a given set of protein structures, and uses those regions for clustering. In our approach, called STRALCP (STRucture ALignment-based Clustering of Proteins), we generate detailed information about global and local similarities between pairs of protein structures, identify fragments (spans) that are structurally conserved among proteins, and use these spans to group the structures accordingly. We also provide a web server at http://as2ts.llnl.gov/AS2TS/STRALCP/ for selecting protein structures, calculating structurally conserved regions and performing automated clustering.
VLSI Implementation of a Distributed Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock Generation (2011)

We present a novel approach for the on-chip generation of a fault-tolerant clock. Our method is based on the hardware implementation of a tick synchronization algorithm from the distributed systems community. We discuss the selection of an appropriate algorithm, present the refinement steps necessary to facilitate its efficient mapping to hardware, and elaborate on the key challenges we had to overcome in our actual ASIC implementation. Our measurement results confirm that the approach is indeed capable of creating a globally synchronized clock in a distributed fashion that is tolerant to a (configurable) number of arbitrary faults. This property facilitates eliminating the clock as a single point of failure. Our solution is based on purely asynchronous design, obviating the need for crystal oscillators. It is capable of adapting to parameter variations as well as changes in temperature and power supply–properties that are considered highly desirable for future technology nodes.
Solar Steam: Chinese Ink: A Powerful Photothermal Material for Solar Steam Generation (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 1/2019) (2019)

Traditional calligraphy ink possesses an unusual confluence of properties rendering it highly effective for sunlight-driven water evaporation. Ability to wet diverse porous substrates with sufficient viscosity to prevent over-penetration, combined with broad light harvesting and efficient photothermal conversion is key. Its one drawback is solubility in water, but encapsulation with transparent oxide via atomic layer deposition circumvents this challenge. More details can be found in the article number 1801252 by Hao-Cheng Yang, Seth B. Darling, and co-workers.
CT043, a Protective Antigen That Induces a CD4<sup>+</sup>Th1 Response during<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection in Mice and Humans (2009)

Despite several decades of intensive studies, no vaccines against Chlamydia trachomatis, an intracellular pathogen causing serious ocular and urogenital diseases, are available yet. Infection-induced immunity in both animal models and humans strongly supports the notion that for a vaccine to be effective a strong CD4(+) Th1 immune response should be induced. In the course of our vaccine screening program based on the selection of chlamydial proteins eliciting cell-mediated immunity, we have found that CT043, a protein annotated as hypothetical, induces CD4(+) Th1 cells both in chlamydia-infected mice and in human patients with diagnosed C. trachomatis genital infection. DNA priming/protein boost immunization with CT043 results in a 2.6-log inclusion-forming unit reduction in the murine lung infection model. Sequence analysis of CT043 from C. trachomatis human isolates belonging to the most representative genital serovars revealed a high degree of conservation, suggesting that this antigen could provide cross-serotype protection. Therefore, CT043 is a promising vaccine candidate against C. trachomatis infection.
Induction of <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i> Dextranase (1989)

Lipomyces starkeyi ATCC 20825 is a derepressed mutant derived from L. starkeyi ATCC 12659. It requires the presence of an inducer before it produces dextranase. This study was undertaken to determine the most efficient, commercially feasible method for inducing this enzyme. The following compounds induced dextranase synthesis: 1-O-beta-methyl-glucopyranoside, 1-O-alpha-methyl-glucopyranoside, dextran, isomaltopentose, isomaltotetraose, isomaltotriose, and isomaltose. 1-O-beta-Methyl-glucopyranoside was found to be a gratuitous inducer. Early in the growth phase, cells produced higher specific levels of enzyme than they did in late log phase. The length of exposure of the yeast cells to the inducer also affected the amount of dextranase produced. The maximum amount of enzyme was produced after 12 h of exposure to the inducer. The saturation concentration was the same for all inducers tested, i.e., approximately 1 mg of inducer for every 2 x 10 cells.
Silver–Carbon-Nanotube Metal Matrix Composites for Metal Contacts on Space Photovoltaic Cells (2015)

In this paper, multiwalled carbon nanotubes are being investigated for mechanical reinforcement of metal contacts on inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells. We have focused on a silver-carbon-nanotube layer-by-layer microstructure for this study. The silver layer is electrodeposited, and the carbon nanotube layer is deposited by various methods, including electrodeposition, nanospreading, and drop casting. To increase the adhesion strength to metal and achieve efficient metal nanotube stress transfer, carbon nanotubes are chemically functionalized with carboxylic or amine groups prior to deposition. The metal-carbon-nanotube composites are characterized mechanically and electrically through nanoindentation and strain failure tests. The strain failure tests show that the conductivity can be maintained up to 42-μm-wide microcracks in the composite layer, where the carbon nanotubes bridge the gap.
Infrared Spectra of Microtome Sections of Human Colon Tissues (1990)

The development of a pressure-tuned infrared spectroscopic technique for biological tissues in our Ottawa laboratory has made possible the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the study of cells and tissue sections. Recently, using this technique we investigated structural properties of biomolecules in tissue specimens of human colon cancer. During this work we discovered that malignant colon tissue can be distinguished from normal colon tissue by a series of high-pressure infrared spectroscopic parameters. Furthermore, we observed that some infrared parameters of malignant colonic tissue obtained at atmospheric pressure were significantly different from those of normal colonic tissue. For example, there is a 2–3 cm−1 difference in the frequency of the symmetric phosphate stretching band of the nucleic acids between normal and malignant colon tissues.
Dual stage-dual mode low NO/sub x/ combustor (1981)

An improved dual stage-dual mode combustor capable of reduced emissions of nitrogen oxide from a combustion turbine is disclosed. The combustor includes two combustion chambers separated by a throat region. Fuel is initially introduced and ignited in the first chamber. Thereafter, fuel is introduced near the downstream end of the first chamber for ignition and burning in the second chamber. Burning in the first chamber is extinguished by shifting the fuel flow to burning in the second chamber and after termination of the flame in the first chamber, fuel is reintroduced into the first chamber for premixing only with burning in the second chamber. By selectively controlling the percentage of fuel introduced into the first stage, low emissions of nitrogen oxide are realized.
A Supervised and Fuzzy-based Approach to Determine Optimal Multi-resolution Image Segmentation Parameters (2012)

Image segmentation is important for object-based classification. One of the most advanced image segmentation techniques is multi-resolution segmentation implemented by eCognition (R). Multi-resolution segmentation requires users to determine a set of proper segmentation parameters through a trial-and-error process. To achieve accurate segmentations of objects of different sizes, several sets of segmentation parameters are required: one for each level. However, the trial-and-error process is time consuming and operator dependent. To overcome these problems, this paper introduces a supervised and fuzzy-based approach to determine optimal segmentation parameters for eCognition (R). This approach is referred to as the Fuzzy-based Segmentation Parameter optimizer (FBSP, optimizer) in this paper. It is based on the idea of discrepancy evaluation to control the merging of sub-segments to reach a target segment. Experiments demonstrate that the approach improves the segmentation accuracy by more than 16 percent, reduces the operation time from two hours to one-half hour, and is operator independent.
Feedback-Based Mitigation of Torque Harmonics in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives (2007)

An issue that often arises in switched reluctance machine (SRM) drives is excessive vibration/noise created by harmonics of electromagnetic torque (torque ripple). In this research, a closed-loop control technique is developed to eliminate torque harmonics produced by a SRM. A piezoelectric washer has been designed and incorporated into a SRM drive system to sense harmonics of torque-ripple-induced vibrations. Simulation and laboratory experiments are presented to validate that the sensor output is correlated to torque ripple. To mitigate the undesirable torque harmonics, a gradient algorithm is used to minimize the measured vibration harmonics by adjusting current magnitude components. The control is discussed in detail and simulation and hardware results are presented.
Monolithic integration of optical waveguide circuitry with III-V photodetectors for advanced lightwave receivers (1993)

Recent progress in monolithic waveguide-photodetector integration on III-V semiconductors for applications in the 0.8-1.6- mu m wavelength range is reviewed. Critical issues for device performance and fabrication are discussed, followed by a description of the underlying optical coupling mechanisms. Tradeoffs between performance and integrability are assessed in detail for vertical and butt coupling and their variants. It is shown how appropriately chosen integration techniques have led to a variety of monolithic devices for advanced lightwave receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>