gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New methods for parallel discrete event simulation (2003)

This thesis makes two contributions in the area of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation. Firstly, a component-oriented simulation world-view is proposed in which a simulation is viewed as a composition of components. The proposed component-port model enforces such a world-view by classifying components into time-independent, time-aware, and autonomous components, and by classifying ports into serial, virtual, and lookback ports. 
Secondly, a component property named lookback is identified that enables a new class of PDES synchronization protocols. Lookback has proven to be more commonly present that lookahead, the basis for traditional conservative PDES synchronization protocols. Moreover, lookback-based protocols are shown to be capable of completing the simulation earlier than the limit imposed by the critical times of events, which is an insurmountable bound for traditional conservative protocols and optimistic protocols without optimization. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that lookback can also be exploited in optimistic simulation to reduce the number of rollbacks and anti-messages.
Formal asymmetric hydrobromination of styrenes via copper-catalyzed 1,3-halogen migration (2014)

An enantioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-halogen migration reaction accomplishes a formal hydrobromination by transferring a bromine activating group from a sp<sup>2</sup> carbon to a benzylic carbon in good <i>er</i> and with concomitant borylation of the Ar-Br bond. Computational modelling aids in understanding the reaction outcome and suggests future directions to improve the formal asymmetric hydrobromination. The benzyl bromide can be displaced with a variety of nucleophiles to produce a wide array of functionalized products.
Rewritable digital video disc system using magneto-optical disc (1995)

The authors have developed the disc format for land/groove recording on a magneto-optical disc in which only a single side of the groove is wobbled. The format is suited for a rewritable digital video disc system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A review of recent progress in the design and reactions of base-resistant fluoroelastomers (2004)

Increasingly basic formulations of automotive lubricants have required that new heat- and oil- resistant elastomers be developed. The reactivity of VF2-based elastomers in solution is examined in an NMR-monitored study and compared to that of VF2-free fluoroelastomers. It was found that that a VF2-free elastomer based on TFE and P that contains curesite levels of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene responds very well to basic vulcanization with bisphenols and yet affords outstanding resistance toward base in service and in competitive dehydrofluorination studies in solution. This desirable behavior is attributed to the high reactivity of the curesite monomer and to its limited concentration.
Effects of operating conditions on DMD hinge memory lifetime (2003)

This paper will show how different operating conditions improve the hinge memory lifetime of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). The correlation of parametric measurements to physical properties will also be developed. Specific operating conditions explored include the effects of (1) on/off duty cycle, (2) relaxation during nonoperation and (3) reversibility on hinge memory lifetime performance.
Synthesis of a Thienothiophene Derivative Having a Powerful Aggregation-Induced Emission in the Solid Phase, Investigation of Their Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties, and OLED Applications (2014)

For OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), development of new organic materials having powerful emission in the solid phase is receiving quite high attention in the academia and technological environment. Studies through this aim has seen through the development of new organic materials, which have powerful aggregation-induced emission, with great hopes. This study reports the design and synthesis of thienothiophene derivatives having both powerful emissive properties and hole (+) carrier features aimed for OLED applications. Their electronic and optoelectronic properties were investigated and the appropriate compounds were selected for OLED applications.
Preparation and properties of sputtered MgO/Au, MgO/Ag, and MgO/Ni cermet films (1974)

Finely grained films of three cermets-MgO/Au, MgO/Ag, and MgO/Ni-have been grown by rf sputtering from composite targets. Electron-microscopic studies show that MgO/Au and MgO/Ag films consist of small crystallites (usually &lt;150 Å) of both MgO and Au or Ag. In MgO/Ni films, it appears that amorphous Ni particles are embedded in a polycrystalline MgO matrix. These cermet films are good secondary-electron emitters, especially in cases where differential-sputtering effects are large. In MgO/Au films, the Au particles sputter much faster than MgO resulting in a MgO-rich surface layer. In MgO/Ag films, the differential-sputtering effect is smaller, probably due to stronger interaction between MgO and Ag crystallites. In MgO/Ni, the Ni particles sputter slower than MgO resulting in a slightly Ni-rich surface (and hence in poorer electron-emission properties). The small particle sizes and the presence of metallic particles in the bulk of the films greatly reduce surface charging.
Reaction of benzofurazan oxides with benzofuran-3(2H)-ones, and a new synthesis of benzofuro[2,3-b]quinoxalines (1974)

Reaction of benzofurazan oxides (1) with benzofuran-3(2H)-ones (2) provides a general, one-step synthesis of 3-(o-hydroxyaryl)quinoxaline 1-oxides (3). Cyclization of the products in refluxing acetic anhydride to give benzofuro[2,3-b]quinoxalines (4) constitutes a practicable route to a heterocyclic system for which no convenient synthetic methods are available.
Reproducibility of quantitative optical coherence tomography for stent analysis (2009)

In a Corelab setting, the inter- and intra- observer reproducibility for strut count, strut apposition and strut tissue coverage measurements with OCT is excellent. This emphasises the value of OCT as a tool for the clinical long-term assessment of stents.
Anti-TNF Therapy in Spondyloarthritis and Related Diseases, Impact on the Immune System and Prediction of Treatment Responses (2019)

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), psoriasis, Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain challenging illnesses. They often strike at a young age and cause lifelong morbidity, representing a considerable burden for the affected individuals and society. Pioneering studies have revealed the presence of a TNF-dependent proinflammatory cytokine cascade in several IMIDs, and the introduction of anti-TNF therapy 20 years ago has proven effective to reduce inflammation and clinical symptoms in RA, SpA, and other IMID, providing unprecedented clinical benefits and a valid alternative in case of failure or intolerable adverse effects of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs, for RA) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, for SpA). However, our understanding of how TNF inhibitors (TNFi) affect the immune system in patients is limited. This question is relevant because anti-TNF therapy has been associated with infectious complications. Furthermore, clinical efficacy of TNFi is limited by a high rate of non-responsiveness (30-40%) in RA, SpA, and other IMID, exposing a substantial fraction of patients to side-effects without clinical benefit. Despite the extensive use of TNFi, it is still not possible to determine which patients will respond to TNFi before treatment initiation. The recent introduction of antibodies blocking IL-17 has expanded the therapeutic options for SpA, as well as psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It is therefore essential to develop tools to guide treatment decisions for patients affected by SpA and other IMID, both to optimize clinical care and contain health care costs. After a brief overview of the biology of TNF, its receptors and currently used TNFi in the clinics, we summarize the progress that has been made to increase our understanding of the action of TNFi on the immune system in patients. We then summarize efforts dedicated to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment responses to TNFi and we conclude with a section dedicated to the recently introduced inhibitors of IL-17A and IL-23 in SpA and related diseases. The focus of this review is on SpA, however, we also refer to RA on topics for which only limited information is available on SpA in the literature.
Monitoring Antigen‐Specific T Cells Using <scp>MHC</scp>‐<scp>Ig</scp> Dimers (2000)

The lack of high affinity reagents has made distinguishing T cells on the basis of antigen specificity difficult to accomplish. This unit provides protocols that utilize innovations in molecular design to permit construction of soluble multivalent MHC complexes (MHC-Ig dimers) with high avidity for cognate T cell receptors. MHC-Ig dimers display stable binding properties when they interact with antigen-specific T cells thus allowing their use in the staining of antigen-specific T cells by flow cytometry. Methods for constructing and detecting these MHC-Ig dimers are included along with protocols for applying their use for the quantitation of antigen-specific T cells.
Design and Synthesis of Cathepsin-K-Activated Osteoadsorptive Fluorogenic Sentinel (OFS) Probes for Detecting Early Osteoclastic Bone Resorption in a Multiple Myeloma Mouse Model (2021)

We describe the design and synthesis of OFS-1, an Osteoadsorptive Fluorogenic Sentinel imaging probe that is adsorbed by hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bone mineral surfaces, where it generates an external fluorescent signal in response to osteoclast-secreted cathepsin K (Ctsk). The probe consists of a bone-anchoring bisphosphonate moiety connected to a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) internally quenched fluorescent (IQF) dye pair, linked by a Ctsk peptide substrate, GHPGGPQG. Key structural features contributing to the effectiveness of OFS-1 were defined by structure-activity relationship (SAR) and modeling studies comparing OFS-1 with two cognates, OFS-2 and OFS-3. In solution or when preadsorbed on HAp, OFS-1 exhibited strong fluorescence when exposed to Ctsk (2.5-20 nM). Time-lapse photomicrographs obtained after seeding human osteoclasts onto HAp-coated well plates containing preadsorbed OFS-1 revealed bright fluorescence at the periphery of resorbing cells. OFS-1 administered systemically detected early osteolysis colocalized with orthotopic engraftment of RPMI-8226-Luc human multiple myeloma cells at a metastatic skeletal site in a humanized mouse model. OFS-1 is thus a promising new imaging tool for detecting abnormal bone resorption.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle (1998)

A two-dimensional reattachment nozzle called the Slot Jet Reattachment (SJR) nozzle was designed and built with a zero degree exit angle. The heat transfer characteristics of this submerged nozzle were investigated by varying the Reynolds number, nozzle exit opening, and nozzle to surface spacing. The pressure distribution on the impingement surface for different Reynolds numbers and exit openings were measured. Correlations for location of the maximum local Nusselt number and local Nusselt number distribution along the minor axis of the SJR nozzle were determined. A nondimensional scheme for generalized representation of heat transfer data for two-dimensional separated/reattaching flows was developed. The local and average heat transfer characteristics along the minor axis of the SJR nozzle were compared to a conventional slot jet nozzle under identical flow power condition. The comparison showed that the peak local heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle was 9 percent higher than that for a standard slot jet nozzle, while its average heat transfer coefficient was lower or at best comparable to the slot jet nozzle based on the same averaged area. The net force exerted per unit width by the SJR nozzle flow was 13 times lower than the slot jet nozzle flow under this criterion. Additional experiments were conducted to compare the SJR and slot jet nozzles under matching local peak pressures exerted by the jet flow on the impingement surface. The results indicated 52 percent increase in the peak local heat transfer coefficient, and a maximum enhancement of 35 percent in average heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle over the slot jet nozzle based on the same averaged area under this criterion.
Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Stem Cells: A Review of Recent Advances (2021)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can initiate, self-renew, and sustain tumor growth. CSCs are responsible for tumor metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance in cancer therapy. CSCs reside within a niche maintained by multiple unique factors in the microenvironment. These factors include hypoxia, excessive levels of angiogenesis, a change of mitochondrial activity from aerobic aspiration to aerobic glycolysis, an upregulated expression of CSC biomarkers and stem cell signaling, and an elevated synthesis of the cytochromes P450 family of enzymes responsible for drug clearance. Antibodies and ligands targeting the unique factors that maintain the niche are utilized for the delivery of anticancer therapeutics to CSCs. In this regard, nanomaterials, specifically nanoparticles (NPs), are extremely useful as carriers for the delivery of anticancer agents to CSCs. This review covers the biology of CSCs and advances in the design and synthesis of NPs as a carrier in targeting cancer drugs to the CSC subpopulation of cancer cells. This review includes the development of synthetic and natural polymeric NPs, lipid NPs, inorganic NPs, self-assembling protein NPs, antibody-drug conjugates, and extracellular nanovesicles for CSC targeting.
Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of Polyketide Synthases in <i>Aspergilli</i> (2016)

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) of Aspergillus species are multidomain and multifunctional megaenzymes that play an important role in the synthesis of diverse polyketide compounds. Putative PKS protein sequences from Aspergillus species representing medically, agriculturally, and industrially important Aspergillus species were chosen and screened for in silico studies. Six candidate Aspergillus species, Aspergillus fumigatus Af293, Aspergillus flavus NRRL3357, Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88, Aspergillus terreus NIH2624, Aspergillus oryzae RIB40, and Aspergillus clavatus NRRL1, were selected to study the PKS phylogeny. Full-length PKS proteins and only ketosynthase (KS) domain sequence were retrieved for independent phylogenetic analysis from the aforementioned species, and phylogenetic analysis was performed with characterized fungal PKS. This resulted into grouping of Aspergilli PKSs into nonreducing (NR), partially reducing (PR), and highly reducing (HR) PKS enzymes. Eight distinct clades with unique domain arrangements were classified based on homology with functionally characterized PKS enzymes. Conserved motif signatures corresponding to each type of PKS were observed. Three proteins from Protein Data Bank corresponding to NR, PR, and HR type of PKS (XP_002384329.1, XP_753141.2, and XP_001402408.2, respectively) were selected for mapping of conserved motifs on three-dimensional structures of KS domain. Structural variations were found at the active sites on modeled NR, PR, and HR enzymes of Aspergillus. It was observed that the number of iteration cycles was dependent on the size of the cavity in the active site of the PKS enzyme correlating with a type with reducing or NR products, such as pigment, 6MSA, and lovastatin. The current study reports the grouping and classification of PKS proteins of Aspergilli for possible exploration of novel polyketides based on sequence homology; this information can be useful for selection of PKS for polyketide exploration and specific detection of Aspergilli.
A Binuclear Gold(I) Complex with Mixed Bridging Diphosphine and Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands Shows Favorable Thiol Reactivity and Inhibits Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis In Vivo (2014)

In the design of anticancer gold(I) complexes with high in vivo efficacy, tuning the thiol reactivity to achieve stability towards blood thiols yet maintaining the thiol reactivity to target cellular thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is of pivotal importance. Herein we describe a dinuclear gold(I) complex (1-PF6) utilizing a bridging bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand to attain thiol stability and a diphosphine ligand to keep appropriate thiol reactivity. Complex 1-PF6 displays a favorable stability that allows it to inhibit TrxR activity without being attacked by blood thiols. In vivo studies reveal that 1-PF6 significantly inhibits tumor growth in mice bearing HeLa xenograft and mice bearing highly aggressive mouse B16-F10 melanoma. It inhibits angiogenesis in tumor models and inhibits sphere formation of cancer stem cells in vitro. Toxicology studies indicate that 1-PF6 does not show systemic anaphylaxis on guinea pigs and localized irritation on rabbits.
45-J Brillouin phase-conjugate mirror producing excellent near- and far-field fidelity (1993)

We describe a dual-cell Brillouin oscillator–amplifier phase-conjugate mirror that has operated with 4.5-J, ~45-ns FWHM pulses at 1.05 μm. We obtained an energy reflectivity of 75% and excellent near- and far-field conjugation fidelity even with input beams having a spatially nonuniform intensity profile. The intensity variations were accommodated by the use of orthogonal pairs of cylindrical lenses to mix different transverse portions of the input beam within the Brillouin amplifier. This mixing ensures that all portions of the input-beam cross section experience the same Brillouin amplification.
Intraocular production and release of nerve growth factor after iridectomy. (2002)

NGF is present and produced in the anterior segment of the eye and is released in the aqueous humor in the basal state. Experimental iridectomy induces increased production of NGF in the iris and in the ciliary body and an increased concentration of NGF in the aqueous humor.
Isometric Test Data Compression (2015)

This paper introduces a novel test data compression scheme, which is primarily devised for low-power test applications. It is based on a fundamental observation that in addition to low test cube fill rates, a very few specified bits, necessary to detect a fault, are actually irreplaceable, whereas the remaining ones can be placed in alternative locations (scan cells). The former assignments are used to create residual test cubes and, subsequently, test templates. They control a power-aware decompressor and guide automatic test pattern generation to produce highly compressible test patterns through finding alternative assignments. The proposed approach reduces, in a user-controlled manner, scan shift-in switching rates with minimal hardware modifications. It also elevates compression ratios to values typically unachievable through conventional low-power reseeding-based solutions. Experimental results obtained for large industrial designs illustrate feasibility of the proposed test scheme and are reported herein.
Sustaining dietary ketosis to improve blood flow and wound healing in young and aged Fisher rats (734.7) (2014)

Increasing evidence shows that limited energy and nutrient exchange is associated with age‐related impairment of wound healing. Ketone bodies, including β‐Hydroxybutyrate (βHB), are naturally occurring energy substrates, which may augment wound healing. We hypothesized that oral ketone supplementation without dietary restriction would enhance wound closure in young and aged Fisher rats by improving blood flow and supplying an alternative energy substrate. In our preliminary studies, we measured the magnitude and duration of ketosis following administration of a single 6.5g/kg dose of ketone precursors: R,S‐1,3‐Butanediol (KS1), Na+/K+ βHB salt and medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil 1:1 mixture (KS2), or water in young and aged fisher 344 rats (n=6). Substances were administered through an intragastric gavage and whole blood samples (10 μl) were acquired for analysis of glucose and βHB at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours following administration. Using an ischemic wound‐healing model, the ketogenic supplements were added to a standard diet fed ad libitum for 28 days. Laser Doppler imaging of the ischemic peri‐wound tissue every 7 days demonstrated significantly increased blood flow in young rats (n=10) fed KS1 at day 14 and 28 (p<0.001) and KS2 at day 7, 14, and 28 (p<0.01). In aged rats, blood flow was significantly increased in KS1‐fed at day 14 and KS2‐fed at days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). Wound size was significantly smaller in young rats fed KS1 and KS2 at 11 and 14 days following wound creation (p<0.05). In aged rats, KS1‐fed wounds were significantly smaller at days 11 and 14 (p<0.05) and in KS2‐fed at days 11, 14, and 28 (p<0.05). Wound healing improved by 3 days in aged KS1‐fed, 7 days in young KS2‐fed, and 10 days in aged KS2‐fed. Grant Funding Source : Funded by the Office of Naval Research
Edge Windowing for OFDM Based Systems (2011)

In this letter, we propose a new windowing method for efficient spectral shaping in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based systems. Unlike the conventional windowing techniques where the same windowing is used for all the subcarriers within an OFDM symbol, in the proposed approach, windowing is heavily applied to the subcarriers located at the edges of the band; shorter windowing sizes are used for the inner subcarriers compared to edge subcarriers. Instead of introducing additional windowing interval, in the proposed approach, the windowing time is stolen from the cyclic extension size. Therefore, with the proposed approach, sidelobe suppression is achieved while maintaining the spectral efficiency. The proposed technique brings about a new degree of freedom in achieving spectrally efficient sidelobe suppression and introducing controllable inter-carrier-interference (ICI) and inter-symbol-interference (ISI). This degree of freedom can be exploited with subcarrier based adaptive approaches like adaptive modulation, power control, and scheduling to improve the capacity and performance of OFDM based wireless communication systems.
Fibroblast activation protein is expressed by rheumatoid myofibroblast-like synoviocytes (2006)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), as described so far, is a type II cell surface serine protease expressed by fibroblastic cells in areas of active tissue remodelling such as tumour stroma or healing wounds. We investigated the expression of FAP by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and compared the synovial expression pattern in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Synovial tissue from diseased joints of 20 patients, 10 patients with refractory RA and 10 patients with end-stage OA, was collected during routine surgery. As a result, FLSs from intensively inflamed synovial tissues of refractory RA expressed FAP at high density. Moreover, FAP expression was co-localised with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-13) and CD44 splice variants v3 and v7/8 known to play a major role in the concert of extracellular matrix degradation. The pattern of signals appeared to constitute a characteristic feature of FLSs involved in rheumatoid arthritic joint-destructive processes. These FAP-expressing FLSs with a phenotype of smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts were located in the lining layer of the synovium and differ distinctly from Thy-1-expressing and non-proliferating fibroblasts of the articular matrix. The intensity of FAP-specific staining in synovial tissue from patients with RA was found to be different when compared with end-stage OA. Because expression of FAP by RA FLSs has not been described before, the findings of this study highlight a novel element in cartilage and bone destruction of arthritic joints. Moreover, the specific expression pattern qualifies FAP as a therapeutic target for inhibiting the destructive potential of fibroblast-like synovial cells.