gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Image reconstruction algorithms for DOIS: a diffractive optic image spectrometer</title> (1996)

The diffractive optic imaging spectrometer, DOIS, is a compact, economical, rugged, programmable, multi-spectral imager. The design implements a conventional CCD camera and emerging diffractive optical element (DOE) technology in an elegant configuration, adding spectroscopy capabilities to current imaging systems (Lyons 1995). This paper reports on the visible prototype DOIS that was designed, fabricated and characterized. Algorithms are presented for simulation and post-detection processing with digital image processing techniques. This improves the spectral resolution by removing unwanted blurred components from the spectral images. DOIS is a practical image spectrometer that can be built to operate at ultraviolet, visible or infrared wavelengths for applications in surveillance, remote sensing, law enforcement, environmental monitoring, laser communications, and laser counter intelligence.
Ultralow-Power Ni/GeO/STO/TaN Resistive Switching Memory (2010)

Using novel stacked covalent-bond-dielectric GeO <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> (GeO) on metal-oxide SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> to form a cost-effective Ni/GeO/SrTiO/TaN resistive switching memory, an ultralow set power of small 4 μW (3.5 μA at 1.1 V), a reset power of 16 pW (0.12 nA at 0.13 V), and a large 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> memory window for 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> -s retention at 85 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C are realized for the first time. A positive temperature coefficient is measured at low-resistance state and different from the metallic filament in metal-oxide resistive random access memory.
The C-type lectin surface receptor DCIR acts as a new attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells and contributes to trans- and cis-infection pathways (2008)

The dynamic interplay between dendritic cells (DCs) and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is thought to result in viral dissemination and evasion of antiviral immunity. Although initial observations suggested that the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) DC-SIGN was responsible for the trans-infection function of the virus, subsequent studies demonstrated that trans-infection of CD4(+) T cells with HIV-1 can also occur through DC-SIGN-independent mechanisms. We demonstrate that a cell surface molecule designated DCIR (for DC immunoreceptor), a member of a recently described family of DC-expressing CLRs, can participate in the capture of HIV-1 and promote infection in trans and in cis of autologous CD4(+) T cells from human immature monocyte-derived DCs. The contribution of DCIR to these processes was revealed using DCIR-specific siRNAs and a polyclonal antibody specific for the carbohydrate recognition domain of DCIR. Data from transfection experiments indicated that DCIR acts as a ligand for HIV-1 and is involved in events leading to productive virus infection. Finally, we show that the neck domain of DCIR is important for the DCIR-mediated effect on virus binding and infection. These results point to a possible role for DCIR in HIV-1 pathogenesis by supporting the productive infection of DCs and promoting virus propagation.
Enhanced Expression of the α7β1 Integrin Reduces Muscular Dystrophy and Restores Viability in Dystrophic Mice (2001)

Muscle fibers attach to laminin in the basal lamina using two distinct mechanisms: the dystrophin glycoprotein complex and the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin. Defects in these linkage systems result in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alpha 2 laminin congenital muscular dystrophy, sarcoglycan-related muscular dystrophy, and alpha 7 integrin congenital muscular dystrophy. Therefore, the molecular continuity between the extracellular matrix and cell cytoskeleton is essential for the structural and functional integrity of skeletal muscle. To test whether the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin can compensate for the absence of dystrophin, we expressed the rat alpha 7 chain in mdx/utr(-/-) mice that lack both dystrophin and utrophin. These mice develop a severe muscular dystrophy highly akin to that in DMD, and they also die prematurely. Using the muscle creatine kinase promoter, expression of the alpha 7BX2 integrin chain was increased 2.0-2.3-fold in mdx/utr(-/-) mice. Concomitant with the increase in the alpha 7 chain, its heterodimeric partner, beta 1D, was also increased in the transgenic animals. Transgenic expression of the alpha 7BX2 chain in the mdx/utr(-/-) mice extended their longevity by threefold, reduced kyphosis and the development of muscle disease, and maintained mobility and the structure of the neuromuscular junction. Thus, bolstering alpha 7 beta 1 integrin-mediated association of muscle cells with the extracellular matrix alleviates many of the symptoms of disease observed in mdx/utr(-/-) mice and compensates for the absence of the dystrophin- and utrophin-mediated linkage systems. This suggests that enhanced expression of the alpha 7 beta 1 integrin may provide a novel approach to treat DMD and other muscle diseases that arise due to defects in the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. A video that contrasts kyphosis, gait, joint contractures, and mobility in mdx/utr(-/-) and alpha 7BX2-mdx/utr(-/-) mice can be accessed at http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/152/6/1207.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]anthracene-9,10-diones for antineoplastic evaluation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]anthracene-9,10-diones for antineoplastic evaluationA. Paul Krapcho, Kenneth J. Shaw, John J. Landi Jr., and Donald G. PhinneyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 26, 5253–5255Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00200a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00200a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AllocRay (2010)

A program's memory system performance is one of the key determinants of its overall performance. Lack of understanding of a program's memory system behavior can lead to performance problems, the most common being memory fragmentation and memory leaks. In this paper, we present AllocRay, a visualization that animates memory allocation event trace information over a time period of execution of a program. Various modes of display with custom color mappings and zooming allow the programmer to see how heaps are used over time (by allocation type, age, size, or thread id). Custom displays also allow the programmer to quickly detect potential memory leaks and fragmentation problems. Composable filters enable the programmer to focus on specific issues. We describe the techniques used to enable processing of a huge number of trace events while enabling rapid response to visualization view changes. We also describe informal interviews with four expert programmers to examine the usability of the AllocRay design.
Biological applications of multifunctional magnetic nanowires (invited) (2003)

Magnetic particles that can be bound to cells and biomolecules have become an important tool for the application of force in biology and biotechnology. Multifunctional magnetic nanowires fabricated by electrochemical deposition in nanoporous templates are a type of magnetic carrier that offers significant potential advantages over commercially available magnetic particles. Recent experimental work aimed at developing these wires for this purpose is reviewed. Results on chemical functionalization of Au and Au/Ni wires and magnetic manipulation of wires in suspension are described. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the covalent binding of thiol-terminated porphyrins to Au nanowires, and to optimize functionalization of two-segment gold–nickel nanowires for selectivity and stability of the nanowire–molecule linkages. Magnetic trapping is a technique where single nanowires are captured from fluid suspension using lithographically patterned micromagnets. The influence of an external magnetic field on this process is described. The dynamics of magnetic trapping is shown to be well described by a model based on the interplay of dipolar forces and viscous drag.
Acyclic redox responsive anion receptors containing amide linked cobalticinium moieties (1992)

New acyclic redox responsive anion receptors containing amide linked cobalticinum moieties are prepared; preliminary anion coordination studies reveal that the combination of a positively charged cobalticinium unit together with an amide N–H group are the essential components for the molecular electro-chemical recognition of anionic guest species.
Distribution of κ Opioid Receptor mRNA in Adult Mouse Brain: An in Situ Hybridization Histochemistry Study (1994)

The distribution of the kappa opioid receptor mRNA in adult mouse brain has been determined using the technique of in situ hybridization histochemistry. The mRNA for the kappa opioid receptor was expressed in distinct areas throughout the brain. The telencephalon showed high levels of expression in the deeper layers of the parietal and temporal cortex, olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, claustrum, endopiriform nucleus, nucleus of the vertical and horizontal limb of the diagonal band, and medial and central nuclei of the amygdala. In the diencephalon, kappa opioid receptor mRNA was present in multiple medial thalamic nuclei including the centromedial, paraventricular, parafasicular, central, and peritenial nuclei, as well as in most hypothalamic nuclei including the ventromedial, periventricular, supraoptic, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei. The mesencephalon showed highest levels of kappa receptor mRNA in the substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area, zona incerta, interpeduncular nucleus, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, central grey, and the raphe nucleus. In the metencephalon, kappa opioid receptor mRNA was expressed in the parabrachial nuclei, locus coeruleus, dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei, and the raphe pontine nuclei. The distribution of the kappa receptor mRNA closely coincides with the localization of binding sites in rat brain for [3H]U-69,593, a specific kappa 1 opioid receptor ligand. The mRNA distribution also correlates with neuroanatomical sites of actions of kappa agonists and distribution of the endogenous kappa receptor ligand dynorphin.
Laser properties of Yb3+ in fluorapatite and other crystalline media (1992)

An extensive search algorithm has been exercised in order to identify Yb-doped laser crystals that possess the optical properties that are most amenable to pumping with InGaAs laser diode arrays. Numerous considerations arise in this context, including the magnitude of the absorption and emission cross sections and emission lifetimes, the nature of the 2 F 7/2 ground state crystal field splitting, the issues confronting the growth of high-quality samples, and the thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of the host medium. Yb-doped fluorapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F or FAP) has been found to uniquely possess superior characteristics as a diode-pumpable Yb-doped medium, in comparison to the properties offered by 14 alternative crystalline hosts (e.g., Y 3 A1 5 O 12 Y 2 SiO 5 , LiYF 4 , BaY 2 F 8 , etc.).
Colloid‐in‐Liquid Crystal Gels that Respond to Biomolecular Interactions (2013)

This paper advances the design of stimuli-responsive materials based on colloidal particles dispersed in liquid crystals (LCs). Specifically, thin films of colloid-in-liquid crystal (CLC) gels undergo easily visualized ordering transitions in response to reversible and irreversible (enzymatic) biomolecular interactions occurring at the aqueous interfaces of the gels. In particular, LC ordering transitions can propagate across the entire thickness of the gels. However, confinement of the LC to small domains with lateral sizes of ∼10 μm does change the nature of the anchoring transitions, as compared to films of pure LC, due to the effects of confinement on the elastic energy stored in the LC. The effects of confinement are also observed to cause the response of individual domains of the LC within the CLC gel to vary significantly from one to another, indicating that manipulation of LC domain size and shape can provide the basis of a general and facile method to tune the response of these LC-based physical gels to interfacial phenomena. Overall, the results presented in this paper establish that CLC gels offer a promising approach to the preparation of self-supporting, LC-based stimuli-responsive materials.
Stromal stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow of age‐matched female donors display distinct immunophenotypic profiles (2010)

Adipose tissue is composed of lipid-filled mature adipocytes and a heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) population of cells. Similarly, the bone marrow (BM) is composed of multiple cell types including adipocytes, hematopoietic, osteoprogenitor, and stromal cells necessary to support hematopoiesis. Both adipose and BM contain a population of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells with the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages, including adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic cells, depending on the culture conditions. In this study we have shown that human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) populations display a common expression profile for many surface antigens, including CD29, CD49c, CD147, CD166, and HLA-abc. Nevertheless, significant differences were noted in the expression of CD34 and its related protein, PODXL, CD36, CD 49f, CD106, and CD146. Furthermore, ASCs displayed more pronounced adipogenic differentiation capability relative to BMSC based on Oil Red staining (7-fold vs. 2.85-fold induction). In contrast, no difference between the stem cell types was detected for osteogenic differentiation based on Alizarin Red staining. Analysis by RT-PCR demonstrated that both the ASC and BMSC differentiated adipocytes and osteoblast displayed a significant upregulation of lineage-specific mRNAs relative to the undifferentiated cell populations; no significant differences in fold mRNA induction was noted between ASCs and BMSCs. In conclusion, these results demonstrate human ASCs and BMSCs display distinct immunophenotypes based on surface positivity and expression intensity as well as differences in adipogenic differentiation. The findings support the use of both human ASCs and BMSCs for clinical regenerative medicine.
Filtering for Uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Imperfect Received Power Control (2019)

In this work, we propose a low-complexity enhancement for uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The proposed scheme, called Filtered NOMA (F-NOMA) aims to improve the error performance for scenarios in which the received user powers cannot be controlled perfectly at the receiver. The proposed scheme benefits from the uniqueness of the frequency spectrums of the superimposed signals to detect the signals of multiplexed users at the receiver. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the error performance of uplink power-domain NOMA significantly and increases the number of supported users. We also show that the scheme also brings an improvement in the error performance of other uplink NOMA methods, which already benefit from different types of user specific signatures.
A Miniaturized 1536-Well Format γ-Secretase Assay (2009)

gamma-Secretase is an aspartyl protease that cleaves multiple substrates including the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the Notch proteins. Abnormal proteolysis of APP is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and overactive Notch signaling plays an oncogenic role in a variety of cancers. gamma-Secretase has emerged as a promising target for drug development in the treatment of AD and cancer. Assays with increased capacity for high-throughput screening would allow for quicker screening of chemical libraries and facilitate inhibitor development. We have developed a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF)-based assay that makes use of a novel biotinylated recombinant APP substrate and solubilized membrane preparation as the source of the gamma-secretase enzyme. The assay was miniaturized to a 1536-well format and validated in a pilot screen against a library of approximately 3,000 compounds. The overall assay performance was robust due to a calculated Z' factor of 0.74 and its demonstrated ability to identify known gamma-secretase inhibitors such as pepstatin A. This validated assay can readily be used for primary screening against large chemical libraries searching for novel inhibitors of gamma-secretase activity that may represent potential therapeutics for AD and a variety of neoplasms.
Design and Fabrication of the Monolithic Inkjet Print Head (2004)

A monolithic inkjet print head was designed and fabricated with back shooting type of thermal bubble nucleation in this study. MEMS fabrication processes are applied to define the ink firing chamber, feed channel and the orifice plate within this new micro injector structure. In this study, printing resolution of this monolithic inkjet head is 600 dpi and the diameter of nozzle orifice is about 14 μm with thickness of 30 μm. Both the silicon dry and wet etching processes are applied to the fabrication of orifice plate with the control of thickness within ±4 μm. The major advantage of this monolithic inkjet head is free of the assembly processes of inkjet device and the process throughput is improved. Operating frequency of the monolithic inkjet print head developed in this study is 19 KHz. By the optimization design of this monolithic inkjet print head could provide better printing quality than commercial ones.
Highly efficient polymer gel electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells (2003)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) based polymer gel electrolytes were prepared to replace liquid electrolytes of dye-sensitized TiO/sub 2/ cells. The fill factors and the energy conversion efficiencies of the PVDF based cells are improved about 17% by adding PVDF to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) liquid I/sup -//I/sub 3//sup -/ redox electrolytes. The open-circuit voltage and stability of dye-sensitized TiO/sub 2/ solar cells are improved while the short-circuit photocurrent density decreases when gel electrolyte containing PVdF-HFP in NMP replaces typical solvents such as acetonitrile (AN) and 3-methoxypropionitrile (3-Me). The energy conversion efficiency of the cell with 6 wt% of the polymer is comparable to that obtainable in AN and 3-Me.
Expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in<i>E.coli</i>: high level expression by removing rare codons (1989)

Tetanus toxin fragment C had been previously expressed in Escherichia coli at 3-4% cell protein. The codon bias for tetanus toxin in Clostridium tetani is very different from that of highly expressed homologous genes in E. coli, resulting in the presence of many rare E. coli codons in the sequence encoding fragment C. We have replaced the coding sequence by sequence optimized for codon usage in E. coli, and show that the expression of fragment C is increased. Although the level of mRNA also increased this appeared to be a secondary consequence of more efficient translation. Complete sequence replacement increased expression to approximately 11-14% cell protein but only after the promoter strength had been improved.
Joint estimation of data and timing in the presence of inter-symbol interference (2003)

A channel with inter-symbol interference and random perturbations to timing is approximated using a finite-state Markov model. The inter-symbol interference is approximated by a finite-impulse response and the timing perturbations are approximated by a first-order random walk. A Viterbi algorithm is then applied to find the maximum-likelihood sequence of states on this model. The resulting state sequence defines the data sequence and timing trajectory which jointly maximize a likelihood function on the observed signal. This approach provides a means of detecting data with rapidly fluctuating timing perturbations at low signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly relevant to data storage applications where mechanical fluctuations are translated into timing perturbations. Codes can be incorporated into the detector. The coding gain improves the reliability of both data detection and timing recovery. Codes which can be represented using a reasonably small state machine, such as trellis codes and high rate block parity codes, can be incorporated directly into the finite state model. For iterative decoders a BCJR algorithm can also be applied to this state machine to yield a posteriori probabilities on the data bits.
Planar integration of free-space optical components (1989)

In complex optical systems comprising many individual components, precise mechanical alignment becomes a difficult problem. We propose to integrate free-space optical components using planar technologies for their fabrication.
High-frequency acceleration feedback in wave variable telerobotics (2006)

The human hand is very sensitive to the high-frequency accelerations produced by tool contact with a hard object, yet most time delayed telerobots neglect this feedback band entirely in order to achieve stability. We present a control architecture that both incorporates this important information and provides the ability to scale and shape it independently of the low-frequency force feedback. Leveraging the clean power flows afforded by wave variables, this augmented controller preserves the passivity of any environment that it renders to the user, but is not subject to the limitations of being passive itself. This architecture guarantees stability in the presence of communication delay while achieving a level of feedback not possible with a passive controller. We show experimentally that this feedback augmentation and shaping can present a high-frequency acceleration profile to the user's hand that is similar to that experienced by the slave end effector. Two simple user studies also show that the feedback augmentation improves the user's perception, performance, and confidence with the given tasks. We anticipate that these natural haptic cues will make teleoperative systems easier to use and thus more widely applicable.