gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manifold bootstrapping for SVBRDF capture (2010)

Manifold bootstrapping is a new method for data-driven modeling of real-world, spatially-varying reflectance, based on the idea that reflectance over a given material sample forms a low-dimensional manifold. It provides a high-resolution result in both the spatial and angular domains by decomposing reflectance measurement into two lower-dimensional phases. The first acquires representatives of high angular dimension but sampled sparsely over the surface, while the second acquires keys of low angular dimension but sampled densely over the surface. We develop a hand-held, high-speed BRDF capturing device for phase one measurements. A condenser-based optical setup collects a dense hemisphere of rays emanating from a single point on the target sample as it is manually scanned over it, yielding 10 BRDF point measurements per second. Lighting directions from 6 LEDs are applied at each measurement; these are amplified to a full 4D BRDF using the general (NDF-tabulated) microfacet model. The second phase captures N =20-200 images of the entire sample from a fixed view and lit by a varying area source. We show that the resulting N -dimensional keys capture much of the distance information in the original BRDF space, so that they effectively discriminate among representatives, though they lack sufficient angular detail to reconstruct the SVBRDF by themselves. At each surface position, a local linear combination of a small number of neighboring representatives is computed to match each key, yielding a high-resolution SVBRDF. A quick capture session (10-20 minutes) on simple devices yields results showing sharp and anisotropic specularity and rich spatial detail.
Virtual Machine Consolidation for Datacenter Energy Improvement (2013)

Rapid growth and proliferation of cloud computing services around the world has increased the necessity and significance of improving the energy efficiency of could implementations. Virtual machines (VM) comprise the backend of most, if not all, cloud computing services. Several VMs are often consolidated on a physical machine to better utilize its resources. We take into account the cooling and network structure of the datacenter hosting the physical machines when consolidating the VMs so that fewer racks and routers are employed, without compromising the service-level agreements, so that unused routing and cooling equipment can be turned off to reduce energy consumption. Our experimental results on four benchmarks shows that our technique improves energy consumption of servers, network equipment, and cooling systems by 2.5%, 18.8%, and 28.2% respectively, resulting in a total of 14.7% improvement on average in the entire datacenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions with 2‐Aza‐1,3‐butadiene Derivatives. Part 1. A Novel and Particularly Easy Synthesis of Centrally Acting β‐Carboline Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The azabutadienes (II), prepared from (I) by a modified literature procedure (cf.
Synthesis of 2-Amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via Sequential Condensation and I<sub>2</sub>-Mediated Oxidative C–O/C–S Bond Formation (2014)

2-Amino-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were synthesized via condensation of semicarbazide/thiosemicarbazide and the corresponding aldehydes followed by I2-mediated oxidative C–O/C–S bond formation. This transition-metal-free sequential synthesis process is compatible with aromatic, aliphatic, and cinnamic aldehydes, providing facile access to a variety of diazole derivatives bearing a 2-amino substituent in an efficient and scalable fashion.
Radar Electronic Warfare (1988)

This text provides readers with a solid foundation for understanding electronic countermeasures. It defines common terms and principles used in the fields of radar and electronic warfare and describes the response of radar systems to electronic countermeasures. In-depth analyses of the effects that various electronic countermeasure emissions have on classes of radar systems follows.
GIS-based two-dimensional numerical simulation of rainfall-induced debris flow (2008)

Abstract. This paper aims to present a useful numerical method to simulate the propagation and deposition of debris flow across the three dimensional complex terrain. A depth-averaged two-dimensional numerical model is developed, in which the debris and water mixture is assumed to be continuous, incompressible, unsteady flow. The model is based on the continuity equations and Navier-Stokes equations. Raster grid networks of digital elevation model in GIS provide a uniform grid system to describe complex topography. As the raster grid can be used as the finite difference mesh, the continuity and momentum equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. The numerical model is applied to simulate the rainfall-induced debris flow occurred in 20 July 2003, in Minamata City of southern Kyushu, Japan. The simulation reproduces the propagation and deposition and the results are in good agreement with the field investigation. The synthesis of numerical method and GIS makes possible the solution of debris flow over a realistic terrain, and can be used to estimate the flow range, and to define potentially hazardous areas for homes and road section.
An improved endovascular guidewire position simulation algorithm (2012)

A novel and efficient method to simulate the behavior of guidewires in the vascular system is proposed in this paper. The graph-theoretical method is based on the principle of minimal total potential energy. We formulate the total potential energy in the vascular interventional system as the summation of the elastic energy of the guidewire and the energy due to the deformation of the vessel wall. A graph is constructed with low complexity ensuring the efficiency of the single source shortest path. Compared to previous results, experiments in three phantoms have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and the results demonstrate that our method can achieve 20% improvement with faster running time.
Cloning and Characterization of <i>tdhA</i> , a Locus Encoding a TonB-Dependent Heme Receptor from <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> (1998)

Haemophilus ducreyi is unable to synthesize heme and must acquire it from its only known host, humans. We cloned and sequenced a gene encoding an outer membrane receptor for heme. It was designated tdhA (for TonB-dependent heme receptor A) since it was related by sequence homology to the family of TonB-dependent receptors. TdhA was strikingly similar to open reading frame HI0113 from the genome of Haemophilus influenzae Rd and also shared homology with five other heme receptors, including HxuC, HemR, HmuR, ChuA, and ShuA, from gram-negative bacteria. An Escherichia coli hemA tonB mutant strongly expressing H. ducreyi tdhA grew on low levels of heme as a source of heme only when an intact H. ducreyi Ton system plasmid was present, formally demonstrating functional TonB dependence. tdhA was expressed poorly in vitro by H. ducreyi and only under conditions of heme limitation. A survey of H. ducreyi revealed that all tested strains but one synthesized small amounts of TdhA in vitro under heme-limiting conditions. Surprisingly, an isogenic mutant of tdhA as well as its parent, 35000, both required the same high levels of heme for growth (50 microgram/ml [77 microM] on agar medium). This result, together with previous findings, suggests that in vitro, the uptake of heme by H. ducreyi is mediated by a TonB- and TdhA-independent mechanism, possibly diffusion.
William Parry Murphy, M.D. (1988)

Thanks to the medical revolutions of the past half century, we have attained a remarkable understanding of health and disease, of diagnosis and therapy. Future generations will undoubtedly be intensely interested in the men and women whose work produced these revolutions. The ability to record their thought processes through the techniques of “oral history” can provide invaluable insights. It is in this belief that Hospital Practice is presenting a series of interviews conducted by cardiologist Allen B. Weisse, Professor of Medicine at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School. They were originally published in 1984 as Conversations in Medicine: The Story of Twentieth-Century American Medicine in the Words of Those Who Created It (New York University Press, Washington Square, New York). Following is the interview with William Parry Murphy, conducted in the fall of 1979.
Flexibility in Sri Lanka's labor market (1994)

Sri Lanka has had double-digit unemployment rates for more than a decade.And by 1990, 85 percent of the unemployed had spent more than a year searching for a job. Rama analyzes whether high unemployment rates and long spells of unemployment are the result of profuse legislation of the labor market or of market imperfections that would have prevailed even without government intervention. He shows that not all of the labor market regulations currently in force are highly distortive. Despite minimum wages set by wage boards, and despite collective bargaining, real wages are neither too high nor too rigid. And despite the freedom of unions, labor relations are peaceful in the private sector. A mismatch of skills is only marginally relevant, says Rama. Unemployment is better understood as the outcome of job search in a significantly heterogenous job market. It is worth remembering that Sri Lanka is a partially closed economy, in which many import-competing activities are greater than they should be, because of protection. Rama concludes that it is necessary to repeal the Termination of Employment of Workmen Act to avoid the massive destruction of jobs in those activities, should foreign trade be further liberalized. Many firms in the protected sectors would have to restructure and shut down some of their product lines. By being prevented from doing so, these firms might just go bankrupt, and many more jobs would be lost as a result. Relaxing restrictions on retrenchment would unambiguously increase the turnover rate, says Rama. There would be both more hiring and more firing. The unemployment rate would increase in the short run but the average spell of unemployment would be shorter. This would help solve the explosive problem of unemployed youths. This conclusion does not apply to tea plantations, given the few alternative sources of employment for the Indian Tamil workers and given ethnic obstacles to their labor mobility.
Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in High-Fat–Fed Mice Are Linked to High Glycotoxin Intake (2005)

Dietary advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been linked to insulin resistance in db/db(++) mice. To test whether dietary AGEs play a role in the progression of insulin resistance in normal mice fed high-fat diets, normal C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to high-fat diets (35% g fat), either high (HAGE-HF group; 995.4 units/mg AGE) or low (by 2.4-fold LAGE-HF group; 329.6 units/mg AGE) in AGE content for 6 months. Age-matched C57/BL6 and db/db(++) mice fed regular diet (5% g fat, 117.4 units/mg AGE) served as controls. After 6 months, 75% of HAGE-HF mice were diabetic and exhibited higher body weight (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P < 0.001), insulin (P < 0.001), and serum AGEs (P < 0.01) than control mice, while none of the LAGE-HF mice were diabetic despite a similar rise in body weight and plasma lipids. The HAGE-HF group displayed markedly impaired glucose and insulin responses during glucose tolerance tests and euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps and altered pancreatic islet structure and function compared with those of LAGE-HF mice, in which findings resembled those of control mice. The HAGE-HF group had more visceral fat (by two- and fourfold) and more AGE-modified fat (by two- and fivefold) than LAGE-HF and control mice, respectively. In the HAGE-HF group, plasma 8-isoprostane was higher (P < 0.01) and adiponectin lower (P < 0.001) than control mice, while in the LAGE-HF group, these were more modestly affected (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes during prolonged high-fat feeding are linked to the excess AGEs/advanced lipoxidation end products inherent in fatty diets.
Colorimetric method for determining MICs of antimicrobial agents for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1995)

A colorimetric method for quantitative measurement of the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimicrobial agents is described. The method utilizes an oxidation-reduction dye, Alamar blue, as an indicator of growth. By this method, MICs of isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, and ethambutol were determined for 50 strains of M. tuberculosis. Colorimetric MIC results were available on the 7th, 10th, or 14th day of incubation for 29 (58%), 14 (28%), and 7 (14%) of the 50 strains, respectively. When MIC susceptibility results were compared with results obtained by the agar proportion method, increased levels of resistance detected by agar proportion were associated with higher MICs obtained by the colorimetric method. Tentative interpretive criteria for colorimetric MIC results which showed good agreement with results obtained by the agar proportion method were established. Interpretive agreement between the two methods was 98% for isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol and 94% for streptomycin. Overall, there was agreement between the two methods for 194 of 200 test results (97%). The colorimetric method is a rapid, quantitative, nonradiometric method for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of M. tuberculosis.
Improved Biological Characteristics of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-Lactic Acid) Electrospun Membrane by Incorporation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (2007)

Significant effort has been devoted to fabricating various biomaterials to satisfy specific clinical requirements. In this study, we developed a new type of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane by electrospinning a suspension consisting of poly(l-lactic acid), multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and hydroxyapatite (PLLA/MWNTs/HA). MWNTs/HA nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the membranes, and the degradation characteristics were far improved. Cytologic research revealed that the PLLA/MWNTs/HA membrane enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) by 30% and inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of gingival epithelial cells by 30% also, compared with the control group. After PDLCs were seeded into the PLLA/MWNTs/HA membrane, cell/membrane composites were implanted into the leg muscle pouches of immunodeficient mice. Histologic examinations showed that PDLCs attached on the membranes functioned well in vivo. This new type of membrane shows excellent dual biological functions and satisfied the requirement of the GTR technique successfully in spite of a monolayer structure. Compared with other GTR membranes on sale or in research, the membrane can simplify the manufacturing process, reduce the fabrication cost, and avoid possible mistakes in clinical application. Moreover, it does not need to be taken out after surgery. PLLA/MWNTs/HA membranes have shown great potential for GTR and tissue engineering.
Nonlinear second-harmonic pulse compression with tilted pulses (1997)

We demonstrate that the group velocities of interacting pulses can be adjusted by pulse tilting to optimize second-harmonic pulse compression for a variety of nonlinear crystals and wavelengths. As an experimental proof we present results of ninefold compression of 1.3-ps Nd:glass laser pulses in beta -barium borate crystal.
Crystallization of polypropylene, nylon‐66 and poly(ethylene terephthalate) at pressures to 200 MPa: Kinetics and characterization of products (1994)

Abstract The crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA66), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were studied, using a pressure dilatometer (to 200 MPa) to follow the volume changes associated with the crystallization process. The commonly used Avrami equation fitted the isothermal/isobaric crystallization data of PP and PA66 well. The Avrami exponent n was between 1.3 and 1.7, independent of crystallization pressure and temperature. Lines of constant Avrami rate parameter Z in the P‐T plane were essentially parallel to the pressure dependence of the melting points and crystallization temperatures. However, the Avrami equation was not suitable for PET. The Malkin, Dietz, and Kim equations provided better fits. The crystallization half‐time of PET increased with pressure at constant supercooling, in contrast to PP and PA66, for which it remained essentially unchanged. X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and pressure dilatometry were used to study the effect of formation pressure on the crystal structure, the melting point, and the density of products which were crystallized for short times (minutes) at various temperatures and pressures. No new crystal structures were found for PA66 and PET, but a mixture of monoclinic and triclinic crystals existed in PP above a formation pressure of 50 MPa. The melting points increased with formation pressure for PET, but remained unchanged for PP and PA66. Density at ambient conditions decreased with formation pressure for PP, but increased for PET and PA66. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of crawling policies for a web-repository crawler (2006)

We have developed a web-repository crawler that is used for reconstructing websites when backups are unavailable. Our crawler retrieves web resources from the Internet Archive, Google, Yahoo and MSN. We examine the challenges of crawling web repositories, and we discuss strategies for overcoming some of these obstacles. We propose three crawling policies which can be used to reconstruct websites. We evaluate the effectiveness of the policies by reconstructing 24 websites and comparing the results with live versions of the websites. We conclude with our experiences reconstructing lost websites on behalf of others and discuss plans for improving our web-repository crawler.
Editorial Comment (1982)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1982Editorial Comment Fray F. Marshall Fray F. MarshallFray F. Marshall More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54263-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 127(6), p. 1127 © 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 127Issue 6June 1982Page: 1127 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Fray F. Marshall More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Leukotrienes as Mediators of Airway Obstruction (1998)

The cysteinyl leukotrienes are potent mediators of airway narrowing derived from the lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid and the adduction of glutathione to this eicosanoid backbone. In lower animals and humans, the cysteinyl leukotrienes are among the most potent airway contractile substances ever identified. Furthermore, these moieties can be recovered from the urine during induced or spontaneous asthma attacks. Most important, inhibition of the synthesis of the leukotrienes or prevention of their action at the CysLT1 receptor is associated with an improvement in the airway dysfunction that occurs in both induced and spontaneous asthma. These data indicate that the cysteinyl leukotrienes have a clinically significant role in the airway obstruction that characterizes asthma.
FMIT Beamstop (1981)

The Fusion Material Irradiation Test (FMIT) and FMIT prototype beamstops provide several unique design challenges. The prototype beamstop must be capable of handling 500 kW of continuous power; the FMIT beamstop must handle 3500 kW of power in a pulsed form. The particle involved is H2+. These beamstops must convert these energies to heat that is carried away by cooling water, while being contained in a relatively compact package, tolerant of changes in beamspot shape and size. The range of the beam is less than 0.1 mm in the prototype beamstop and less than 3 mm in the FMIT beamstop; thus energy cannot be spread over the depth of the absorbing material very readily. Long-term irradiation of the materials used must be kept low, to minimize maintenance problems, requiring consideration of materials. Material distortion from thermal effects also must be considered.
The Role of the TGF-β Coreceptor Endoglin in Cancer (2010)

Endoglin (CD105) is an auxiliary membrane receptor of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) that interacts with type I and type II TGF-β receptors and modulates TGF-β signaling. Endoglin is overexpressed in the tumor-associated vascular endothelium, where it modulates angiogenesis. This feature makes endoglin a promising target for antiangiogenic cancer therapy. In addition, recent studies on human and experimental models of carcinogenesis point to an important tumor cell-autonomous role of endoglin by regulating proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. These studies suggest that endoglin behaves as a suppressor of malignancy in experimental and human epithelial carcinogenesis, although it can also promote metastasis in other types of cancer. In this review, we evaluate the implication of endoglin in tumor development underlying studies developed in our laboratories in recent years.
Surface Defect Engineering in 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis (2018)

Abstract 2D Nanomaterials, with unique structural and electronic features, have shown enormous potential toward photocatalysis fields. However, the photocatalytic behavior of pristine 2D photocatalysts are still unsatisfactory, and far below the requirements of practical applications. In this regard, surface defect engineering can serve as an effective means to tune photoelectric parameters of 2D photocatalysts through tailoring the local surface microstructure, electronic structure, and carrier concentration. In this review, recent progress in the design of surface defects with the classified anion vacancy, cation vacancy, vacancy associates, pits, distortions, and disorder on 2D photocatalysts to boost the photocatalytic performance is summarized. The strategies for controlling defects formation and technique to distinguish various surface defects are presented. The crucial roles of surface defects for photocatalysis performance optimization are proposed and advancement of defective 2D photocatalysts toward versatile applications such as water oxidation, hydrogen production, CO 2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, organic synthesis, and pollutants removal are discussed. Surface defect modulated 2D photocatalysts thus represent a powerful configuration for further development toward photocatalysis.
Optical dimensional metrology at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) on deep sub-wavelength nanostructured surfaces (2016)

The dark-field microscopy method with alternating grazing incidence UV illumination (UV-AGID) developed at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt offers the possibility of measuring individual isolated line structures with linewidths down to the sub-wavelength regime. In contrast, scatterometry is able and already widely used to measure average dimensional parameters of periodic structures down to the deep sub-wavelength regime. Both methods can be used for dimensional measurements of micro- and nanostructures, in particular the critical dimensions (CDs) on wafers or photomasks in the semiconductor industry, complementing each other favourably. Based on numerical simulations, we have investigated the ultimate limits of these two methods in the deep sub-wavelength regime. It has been shown that AGID microscopy in the DUV spectral range is in principle capable of measuring line structures with CDs down to a few 10 nm, depending on the structure material. For scatterometry, no fundamental limit has been observed. In practice, a technical limit due to the limited signal-to-noise ratio is expected for CDs of a few nm in width.