gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When to use what data set for your self-driving car algorithm: An overview of publicly available driving datasets (2017)

Data collection on public roads has been deemed a valuable activity along with the development of self-driving vehicles. The vehicle for data collection is typically equipped with a variety of sensors such as camera, LiDAR, radar, GPS, and IMU. The raw data of all sensors is logged on a disk while the vehicle is manually driven. The logged data can be subsequently used for training and testing different algorithms for autonomous driving, e.g., vehicle/pedestrian detection and tracking, SLAM, and motion estimation. Data collection is time-consuming and can sometimes be avoided by directly using existing datasets including sensor data collected by other researchers. A multitude of openly available datasets have been released to foster the research on automated driving. These datasets vary a lot in terms of traffic conditions, application focus, sensor setup, data format, size, tool support, and many other aspects. This paper presents an overview of 27 existing publicly available datasets containing data collected on public roads, compares each other from different perspectives, and provides guidelines for selecting the most suitable dataset for different purposes.
A Unified Theory for Nonlinear Distortion Characteristics in Different Amplifier Technologies (2005)

This article presents a unified theory of power amplifier nonlinear distortion characteristics under small- and large-signal regimes for a wide range of active device technologies. It shows that some handy interactions between mild and strongly nonlinear operation, the so-called large-signal intermodulation distortion sweet spots, are inherent to a wide variety of power amplifier technologies such as Si MOSFETs, Si LDMOS, GaAs-AlGaAs HEMTs, GaAs MESFETs, Si BJTs and GaN HEMTs, justifying their use in the design of highly linear and efficient power amplifiers.
Body temperature measurement for remote health monitoring system (2013)

Remote health monitoring system has been an interesting topic recently among medical practitioners, engineers as well as IT professionals. However, the application of remote health monitoring system where doctor's can monitor patients' vital signs via web is practically new in Malaysia and other countries. Remote health monitoring system is beneficial to the patients and society where the implementation of such system will save hospital bill, waiting time and reduce traffics in the hospital. The objective of this project is to design and develop body temperature measurement device that can be observe by the doctor in real time as well as history data via internet with an alarm/indication in case of abnormalities. In the proposed health monitoring system, heart rate and body temperature wireless sensors were developed, however this paper only focus on body temperature wireless monitoring system. The temperature sensors will send the readings to a microcontroller using Xbee wireless communication. To send the real-time data to health monitoring database, wireless local area network (WLAN) has been used. Arduino with Ethernet shield based on IEEE 802.11 standard has been used for this purpose. Test results from a group of voluntary shows the real-time temperature reading successfully monitored locally (at home) and remotely (at doctor's computer) and the readings are comparable to commercial thermometer.
Facile Redox Synthesis of Layered LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries (2016)

The increasing demand for energy storage devices has motivated the need to find environmentally friendly, high energy density, and cost-effective materials for energy storage and suitable synthesis techniques. In this work, we report a simple and cost-effective chemical route, in which intermediate Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 (OH) 2 product was primarily prepared using a simple redox synthesis technique at ambient temperature. Lithiation reactions were then performed at higher temperatures to develop the final layered Li x (Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 )O 2 structure (where x= 1.0 and 1.05). The lithium content was varied in order to analyze the effect of excess lithiation on the structural and electrochemical properties of the layered-type Li(Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 )O 2 cathode. The XRD studies clearly confirmed the formation of layered-type structures corresponding to hexagonal α-NaFeO 2 (space group R-3m). The ICP studies confirmed the stoichiometric chemical composition (Li(Ni 0.32 Co 0.33 Mn 0.31 )O 2 ) of the prepared samples. FE-SEM images revealed that the particle growth occurred when the particles were heated at elevated temperatures of 950°C, and the average particle diameter was around a few micrometers. The electrochemical tests performed versus lithium indicated that competitive specific capacity values were registered for all the prepared cathodes and the capacity retention was impressive on repeated charge/discharge cycling within the potential range of 3.0 – 4.3 V and a current density of 14 mA/g. In particular, the Li(Ni 0.32 Co 0.33 Mn 0.31 )O 2 sample demonstrated the highest capacity retention value (~ 99%) after 50 cycles and better rate performances of 104, 91, 76, and 67 mAh/g at higher current densities of 229, 457, 914, and 1429 mA/g respectively.
Regulated expression of ras gene constructs in Dictyostelium transformants. (1985)

Constructs were made in which approximately equal to 500 base pairs of the 5' flanking region of the ras gene of Dictyostelium discoideum and variable amounts of the coding region were linked to a ras cDNA in a transformation vector. These constructs then were used to transform Dictyostelium cells and their regulation was examined. In Dictyostelium transformants, transcripts from the ras gene constructs were found at high levels in cells in fast-shaking cultures containing cAMP, whereas transcripts were either not detectable or present at very low levels in cultures lacking exogenous cAMP. In slow-shaking culture, a significantly lower level of ras RNA was detected. When normal developing aggregates were dissociated, RNA from the ras constructs decreased rapidly but then reaccumulated in the presence of cAMP. These results show that the sequences necessary for the response to external cAMP are present within an approximately equal to 650-base-pair region upstream from the ATG start codon and/or within portions of the protein-coding region. Moreover, the proper regulation of ras gene expression in high-copy-number transformants suggests that trans-acting factors which may control transcription are not limiting. Vector constructs were also examined in which the cDNA was present in the opposite orientation compared to the gene fragment (antisense orientation). When these were transfected into cells, no transformants were obtained, suggesting that expression of the ras gene is essential for vegetative growth.
Describing Linked Datasets On the Design and Usage of voiD, the "Vocabulary Of Interlinked Datasets" (2009)

In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of voiD, the “Vocabulary Of Interlinked Datasets”, a vocabulary that allows to formally describe linked RDF datasets. We report on use cases for voiD, the current state of the specification and its potential applications in the context of linked datasets. 1.
Stability of lipids and proteins in leaf protein concentrates (1976)

Abstract Although freeze‐dried leaf protein concentrate (l.p.c.) contains as much as 15–20% of lipids in which linolenic acid (60%) is the predominating component fatty acid, it appears to be unexpectedly stable when stored under ordinary conditions, i.e. at room temperature and exposed to air. Linolenic acid, in the form in which it occurs in l.p.c. is less prone to destruction than in the form of total lipid isolate, or in the form of more conventional linolenic‐containing vegetable oils. Rates of disappearance of linolenic acid and also loss of protein quality as judged by dye‐binding capacity, on heat treatment appear to follow a progressive trend as temperature is increased, without displaying a well‐defined order of reaction. With increasing temperatures, increased moisture levels result in an increase in the rates of both lipid and protein transformations. In heat treatments involving temperatures below 100°C, the presence of the lipid fraction does not affect protein transformation. At higher temperatures, when the lipid itself undergoes substantial oxidation, protein quality as judged by dye‐binding capacity is considerably affected.
Biochemical Characterization of the η Chain of the T-cell Receptor (1989)

The T-cell antigen receptor is a multisubunit complex consisting of at least seven chains. Based upon structural and genetic considerations, we have divided these chains into three groups. The alpha and beta subunits (Ti) are the clonotypic chains responsible for antigen recognition. Three chains that are invariant among all T-cells define the CD3 complex. These include the CD3 gamma, delta, and epsilon chains. The zeta chain is a distinct component that, like the CD3 chains, is invariant among all T-cells. In the majority of receptors, zeta is found as a disulfide-linked homodimer. We have recently shown that approximately 10% of zeta is disulfide-linked to a chain which we have called eta. A preliminary model has been proposed, suggesting that there are two subclasses of receptors, depending upon the presence within the complex of either the zeta-zeta homodimer or the zeta-eta heterodimer. Evidence has been presented that these two subclasses may perform distinct signaling functions. In this paper the eta chain is characterized to determine whether it is structurally related to the zeta chain and, in particular, whether it might represent a post-translational modification of zeta. We can identify specific antigenic epitopes that are shared by both zeta and eta. However, not all antibodies raised against zeta can directly recognize eta. The apparent molecular mass of eta is 22 kDa, whereas zeta has a molecular mass of 16 kDa. We are unable to demonstrate any post-translational covalent modifications of eta to explain the difference in apparent molecular weight. These include phosphorylation, glycosylation, or sulfation. Amino acid incorporation studies demonstrate that the amino acid composition of eta is distinct from that of zeta. All of the eta in a T-cell is found in association with the rest of the components of the T-cell receptor. In addition, our anti-eta antibodies allow us to directly recognize human eta, which has an apparent molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa. Thus, eta and zeta appear to be related but distinct proteins, and we would propose that eta is the second member of the zeta group of components of the T-cell receptor.
Curcumin inhibits invasion and metastasis in the human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 by CXCL12CXCR4 axis (2010)

  Effects of curcumin on invasion and metastasis in the human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and approach if this inhibitory effects are related with CXCL12–CXCR4 axis were carefully studied. SKOV3 cells were treated with 10, 25, 50 µmol/l curcumin for 24, 48 and 72 h. Proliferation of SKOV3 cells was measured with 3-(4,5-demethy-2-thiazolyl)-2,5- dephenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. Invasion and metastasis of SKOV3 cells were evaluated with transwell chamber. The expressions of CXCL-12 and CXCR4 were detected by western-blot. After being treated with curcumin, the proliferation of SKOV3 cells was inhibited in a time and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In invasion assay, the number of cells in curcumin treated group to migrate to filter coated with Matrigel was reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, in migration assay, the number of cells in curcumin treated group to migrate to filter was also decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of CXCL-12 and CXCR4 were decreased. Our study indicated that curcumin could inhibit the invasion and metastasis of the human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3. Inhibiting the expression of CXCL-12 and CXCR4 was probably one of its molecular mechanisms.   Key words: Ovarian cancer, curcumin, invasion, metastasis.
Characterization of sputtered aluminum oxide films using spectroscopic ellipsometry (2015)

Aluminum oxide thin films were prepared on polished silicon wafers by radio frequency sputtering.The optical constants and the thicknesses of the deposited layers were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the wavelength range from 191 nm to 1690 nm.The dielectric function of the aluminum oxide thin films was modelled by the combination of the Cauchy dispersion relation and the Urbach absorption tail.The optical properties of the sputtered films were compared with those prepared by atomic layer deposition, electron beam evaporation, and pulsed magnetron sputtering in other laboratories.
Polymeric Fluorosurfactant‐Mediated Perfluorocarbon Emulsions (2006)

Polymeric fluorosurfactants, using poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) or PDMA copolymers containing acrylic acid (AA) or 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) comonomers were synthesized by copolymerization of DMA, DMA/AA, or DMA/AMPS and methacrylates composed of 1,1‐dihydroperfluorodecanoyl groups separated from the methacrylate by polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups with molecular weights ranging from 1 to 6 kD. The stability of aqueous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions mediated by these polymeric fluorosurfactants was found to be affected by polymer concentration, ionic comonomer content, perfluoroalkyl (RF) comonomer content, and PEG spacer length. Thus, emulsion stability characterized by average particle size and morphology was improved by increased AA or AMPS content (up to 30 weight percent), increased PEG chain length and RF comonomer content, and greater polymer concentration. Keywords: Perfluorocarbon emulsionfluorosurfactantpolyethylene glycolcopolymerterpolymer Acknowledgments This research was supported by NSF‐BES Grant 0003006. We thank Dr. Jinbo Hu, USC Department of Chemistry, for providing the four‐arm star PEG precursor and Dr. Li‐Yueh Hsu and Jeng‐hao Pai for image analysis.
Synergistic Effect of Low Cytotoxic Linear Polyethylenimine and Multiarm Polyethylene Glycol: Study of Physicochemical Properties and <i>In Vitro</i> Gene Transfection (2009)

Novel star-shaped copolymers consisting of multiarm polyethylene glycol and low molecular weight linear polyethylenimines (MAPEG-LPEIs) with a high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity were designed and synthesized as nonviral gene delivery carriers. The cationic polymers were prepared by conjugating low molecular weight linear PEI (2.5 kDa) to six-arm PEG-NHS (10 kDa) in two different compositions. Two copolymers, MAPEG-LPEI(3) and MAPEG-LPEI(6) with molecular weights of 17.5 kDa and 25 kDa respectively, were synthesized. The MAPEG-LPEI(3)/pDNA and MAPEG-LPEI(6)/pDNA polyplexes are stably dispersed in aqueous media with a narrowly distributed size range of <200 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, these polyplexes showed different surface charges depending upon the relative proportion of MAPEG and LPEI. Moreover, these polyplexes can protect pDNA from enzymatic degradation in serum containing media up to 24 h. These polyplexes were able to efficiently transfect luciferase-coded reporter gene into HeLa cancer cells and showed considerable gene transfection efficacy even in 50% serum-conditioned media in vitro. MAPEG-LPEI(6) exhibited higher transfection activity than that of MAPEG-LPEI(3) at the same weight ratios. Furthermore, MAPEG-LPEI/pDNA polyplexes were less toxic than LPEI/pDNA complexes as determined by MTT assay. These favorable results could be attributed to the combined effect of low molecular weight LPEI and multiarm PEG. The special structural features of the multiarm star-shaped central PEG core play an important role in achieving higher transfection efficiency as it imparts higher charge density to polyplexes and prevents the unwanted aggregation of the smaller polyplex particles. These two important factors contributed toward enhanced gene transfection. On the other hand, LPEI provides low cytotoxicity and effective complexation with pDNA in the designed architecture. Therefore it is possible to achieve enhanced gene transfection by using these two components, namely, pivotal multiarm PEG core and LPEI, in optimal ratio as observed in the case of MAPEG-LPEI(6).
Calibration of a combined X-ray and laser imaging system (2006)

A combined laser 3D and X-ray imaging system is newly developed for food safety inspection. Two kinds of cameras are used in this system. One is CCD camera which is used to provide an accurate thickness profile of the object and the other is X-ray line-scan camera which is to get the high resolution X-ray image. A unique three-step calibration procedure is proposed to calibrate these two kinds of cameras. Firstly, the CCD camera is calibrated to link the CCD pixels to points in 3D world coordinate system. Secondly, the X-ray line-scan camera is calibrated to link points in 3D world coordinate system to the X-ray line sensors. The X-ray fan beam effect is also compensated in this stage. Finally, direct mapping from CCD pixel to X-ray line sensor is realized using the information from the first two calibration steps. Based on the calibration results, look-up tables are also generated to replace the expensive runtime computation with simpler lookup operation. Results show that high accuracy has been achieved with the whole system calibration.
Identification and Characterization of a Major Cell Wall-Associated Iron-Regulated Envelope Protein (Irep-28) in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2006)

Iron limitation and the expression of mycobactin and carboxymycobactin by Mycobacterium tuberculosis are known. Here, we report how iron regulated the coordinate expression of these two siderophores and a 28-kDa cell wall-associated iron-regulated protein (Irep-28). Irep-28 is identified as the DNA-binding HU homologue HupB protein (hupB [Rv2986c]). Antibodies to this protein were detected in sera from tuberculosis patients. The location of the protein in the cell wall makes it a potential drug target.
Possible coding and modulation approaches to improve service availability for digital HDTV satellite broadcasting at 22 GHz (1993)

Novel coding/modulation approaches for improving the service availability of digital HDTV (high-definition television) satellite broadcasting services at 22 GHz are considered. Two possible approaches are described which use the concept of layered modulation in conjunction with layered picture coding and channel coding. By means of this technique, the service continuity can be extended without the needs to increase the satellite transmitted power, the service quality under severe atmospheric attenuations being reduced from high definition to normal definition. Most of the time, e.g., for up to 99% of the worst month, the service provides nominal HDTV quality, while during heavy rain fades the receiver decodes the normal TV picture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of phenol‐terminated polyisobutylene: Competitive chain transfer reactions (1980)

Abstract Polymerization of isobutylene initiated by either aluminum trichloride or tin tetrachloride were conducted in the presence of alkyl phenols in both n ‐heptane and methylene dichloride solutions at temperatures between −10 and −70°C. The resultant polymers contained both unsaturated and phenolic endgroups in varying proportions dependent upon reaction conditions. Increased phenol concentrations in the polymerization medium resulted in decreased polymer molecular weights and increased phenol endgroup content. Increased reaction temperature reduced polymer molecular weights and phenol endgroup content. Chain lengths governed by ring alkylation were found to be less sensitive to polymerization temperature than those determined by other modes of chain transfer.
Rapid postmortem gut autolysis in infant rats: a potential problem for investigators. (1987)

Experiments were designed to determine the rate and nature of postmortem autolysis in the gut of neonatal rats, as necessary baseline information for developing a model of human neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. We studied 60 animals, including 33 Wistar rats, 18 Sprague-Dawley rats and nine CD-1 mice. The variables examined included age of the animals (2 or 14 days) and length of delay and holding temperature (20 degrees C or 37 degrees C) after sacrifice. At necropsy, bowel was rapidly removed and fixed for histopathological examination. In all instances, bowel removed immediately after sacrifice was normal whereas after delays as short as 30 minutes it was abnormal (P less than 0.001), becoming markedly so after 60 minutes. The prominent features were detachment and lysis of mucosal epithelial cells. The rate of autolysis was not altered in 14 day old animals or in carcasses held at 20 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Investigators of bowel injury syndromes in young rats should be aware that histopathological studies will be valid only if specimens held at room temperature are fixed within 15 minutes of death.
Characterization of Human Ocular Mucin Secretion Mediated by 15(S)-HETE (2002)

The results demonstrate that 15(S)-HETE is a selective secretogogue for MUC1 in isolated human conjunctival tissue. Although the biochemical mechanism(s) and cellular origins of MUC1 secretion remain to be established, the ubiquitous expression of MUC1 in corneal and conjunctival epithelia and its presence in human tears suggest that secreted MUC1 may contribute to the mucin layer that coats and protects the ocular surface.
Polymer toughness and impact resistance (1999)

Abstract This report is a review of the factors that influence the impact resistance of high polymers, with an emphasis on crystalline polymers. The phenomenology of polymeric fracture is examined, including brittle and ductile failure, and the ductile‐brittle transition temperature (DBTT). An in‐depth discussion of the effects of crystalline morphology follows, with special attention given to the influence of spherulite size, fillers, processing conditions, transitions/relaxations, and multilayer coextrusion. Next, rubber phase addition is considered, including mechanisms, morphology, rubber type and particle size, and test conditions. Finally, common impact test methods are surveyed, including pendulum, falling weight, tensile impact, and tensile elongation tests.
Solutions to Common Distribution Protection Challenges (2018)

This paper describes how modern digital recloser controls can use voltage detection, timers, and programmable recloser logic to accomplish the following: . Detect a loss of source and block fast curves prior to inrush on re-energization. . Reduce protection response time when reclosing to reduce repeated system stress. . Detect conductor slap upstream caused by an in-section fault, and lock out early to prevent continued conductor slap and eventual lockout of the upstream protection. . Detect the location of a fault in a noncommunicating loop scheme to prevent closing into a fault when attempting restoration.