gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenyl Glycolipids with Different Glycosyl Groups Exhibit Marked Differences in Murine and Human iNKT Cell Activation (2016)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) bearing the α-galactosyl headgroup and the acyl chain terminated with a phenyl derivative were found to be more potent than α-galactosyl ceramide (αGalCer) to stimulate both murine and human invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and to induce an antibody isotope switch to IgG. In this study, we replaced the galactosyl group with glucose (αGlc) and its fluoro-analogs and found that phenyl GSLs with αGlc (C34-Glc) and its fluoro-analog 6F-C34-Glc were stronger than those with αGal in stimulating human iNKT cells but weaker in mice. Their activities have a strong correlation with the binding avidities of the ternary interaction between the iNKT-cell receptor (iNKTCR) and CD1d-GSL complex. It was the iNKTCR rather than CD1d that dictated the species-specific responses. C34-Glc was further used as an adjuvant for a SSEA4-crm-197 vaccine, and after immunization in mice, the vaccine was highly effective against Lewis lung carcinoma.
Formation of high quality ultrathin oxide/nitride (ON) stacked capacitors by in situ multiple rapid thermal processing [DRAM cells] (1995)

High quality, ultrathin (<30 /spl Aring/) SiO/sub 2//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ (ON) stacked film capacitors have been fabricated by in situ rapid-thermal multiprocessing. Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film was deposited on the RTN-treated poly-Si by rapid-thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD) using SiH/sub 4/ and NH/sub 3/, followed by in situ low pressure rapid-thermal reoxidation in N/sub 2/O (LRTNO) or in O/sub 2/ (LRTO) ambient. While the use of low pressure reoxidation suppresses severe oxidation of ultrathin Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film, the use of N/sub 2/O-reoxidation significantly improves the quality of ON stacked film, resulting in ultrathin ON stacked film capacitors with excellent electrical properties and reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Patient-Specific Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measurement (2015)

A patient-specific oscillometric BP measurement method was proposed and shown to be more accurate than the conventional method and a current device.
CCD Digital Color Camera (1980)

An experimental color camera using a green CC: D(charge-coupled device) and a red and blue CCD and employing digital signal processing has been developed. The highly-stable camera is capable of excellent color reproduction with no adjustment. Digital processing is particularly appropriate because CCD imagers are essentially two-dimensional spatial sampling systems. Another advantage of digital processing is that, with recent progress in digital circuitry, it is now possible for a great number of the camera's logic functions to be realized in a few LSIs.
New chain transfer agents for free radical polymerizations (1991)

Abstract The palmitoyl ester of N ‐hydroxypyridine‐2‐thione displayed useful chain transfer properties in free radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate and styrene. Retardation, however, accompanied the lowering of molecular weight in methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate polymerizations. 4‐Methyl‐3‐palmitoyloxythiazol‐2(3H)‐thione had good chain transfer activity with methyl methacrylate, styrene and methyl acrylate. Although benzyl thionobenzoate exhibited virtually ‘ideal’ behaviour (chain transfer constant C x ∼1) in styrene and methyl acrylate polymerizations, it was ineffective in lowering molecular weight of poly(methyl methacrylate). Severe retardation was observed with vinyl acetate. Addition‐fragmentation pathways are postulated for chain transfer.
Forward-looking acoustic mine detection system (2001)

A desirable characteristic for a landmine detection system is the ability of the detector to 'look' out in front of the vehicle a significant distance. The obvious reason for this is to reduce the risk to the vehicle and its operators and to allow a safe stopping distance for the vehicle. Several experiments were conducted at Fort A. P. Hill to investigated the feasibility of a forward-looking system based on acoustic-to-seismic coupling. The system, developed at the National Center for Physical Acoustics, insonifies the ground with high amplitude (120 dB), broadband (80-300 Hz) sound and measures the resulting ground vibration with a scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV). Images produced by these scans show a distinct contrast in several frequency bands between ground vibrations over a buried mine and those not over a buried mine. In a forward-looking system, both the sound source and the LDV are moved farther from the scanned area. This configuration both reduces the sound pressure level at the scanned area and decreases the angle at which the LDV beam strikes the ground. These effects reduce the contrast between the over-mine and off-mine signals. In addition, the image is distorted at the shallower LDV-ground angles. However, the results from the experiments demonstrate that the acoustic-to-seismic forward-looking approach is feasible once these technical hurdles are overcome.
Magneto-Rheological Fluid Dampers for Control of Bridges (2002)

Magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) dampers are utilized to control vibration of a scaled, two-span bridge. In this work, the focus is on a combination of passive and semi-active damping capabilities of a bridge structure. Theoretical and experimental studies are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of MRF dampers. In addition, steel and graphite/epoxy-concrete (G/E-C) columns are utilized in the scaled bridge to increase passive structural damping. Finite element and experimental studies are conducted to assess the performance of each column. Strains in the columns are determined under different input motions and electric power input to MRF dampers. The results demonstrate that MRF dampers can significantly improve the response of the scaled model bridge. It is also shown that, although stiffer, the steel column develops much higher strains compared to those of G/E-C column.
Genotypic susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for amikacin and kanamycin resistance by use of a rapid sloppy molecular beacon-based assay identifies more cases of low-level drug resistance than phenotypic Lowenstein-Jensen testing (2015)

Resistance to amikacin (AMK) and kanamycin (KAN) in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is largely determined by specific mutations in the rrs gene and eis gene promoter. We developed a rapid, multiplexed sloppy molecular beacon (SMB) assay to identify these mutations and then evaluated assay performance on 603 clinical M. tuberculosis DNA samples collected in South Korea. Assay performance was compared to gold-standard phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, including Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) absolute concentration, mycobacterial growth indicator tubes (MGIT), and TREK Sensititre MycoTB MIC plate (MycoTB) methods. Target amplicons were also tested for mutations by Sanger sequencing. The SMB assay correctly detected 115/116 mutant and mixed sequences and 487/487 wild-type sequences (sensitivity and specificity of 99.1 and 100%, respectively). Using the LJ method as the reference, sensitivity and specificity for AMK resistance were 92.2% and 100%, respectively, and sensitivity and specificity for KAN resistance were 87.7% and 95.6%, respectively. Mutations in the rrs gene were unequivocally associated with high-level cross-resistance to AMK and KAN in all three conventional drug susceptibility testing methods. However, eis promoter mutations were associated with KAN resistance using the MGIT or MycoTB methods but not the LJ method. No testing method associated eis promoter mutations with AMK resistance. Among the discordant samples with AMK and/or KAN resistance but wild-type sequence at the target genes, we discovered four new mutations in the whiB7 5' untranslated region (UTR) in 6/22 samples. All six samples were resistant only to KAN, suggesting the possible role of these whiB7 5' UTR mutations in KAN resistance.
Gasification process. [for solid or liquid organic materials] (1978)

Solid or liquid organic materials are converted to high Btu gas with little or no undesirable char formation by reaction with water at or above the critical temperature of water and at or above the critical pressure of water to achieve the critical density of water. The reaction can be conducted either in the presence or in the absence of a catalyst.
Soil Water Content and Dry Density by Time Domain Reflectometry (2004)

Soil water content and dry density are two important properties for compaction quality control. This paper presents a new method for determining soil water content and dry density using a single time domain reflectometry test, which is an improvement over that designated by ASTM D6780. This new method is based on simultaneous measurement of apparent dielectric constant and bulk electrical conductivity on the same soil sample. Calibration equations correlate these two parameters with soil gravimetric water content and dry density, which are simultaneously solved after adjusting field-measured conductivity to a standard conductivity. The method compensates for temperature effects. The test process takes about 3 min and all calculations are automated. Testing may be done in situ using a special probe that provides sufficient sampling volume or in a compaction mold adapted to form a probe. Laboratory and field tests results show this one-step method is a fast, accurate, and safe method for construction quality control.
On-chip DNA band detection in microfabricated separation systems (1998)

In recent years, there has been tremendous interest in developing a complete, high-volume, DNA analysis system using microfabrication techniques. Key to the success of such systems, is the development of a high-resolution separation and detection system for analyzing DNA reaction products. Over the past decade, many researchers have demonstrated that micromachined fluidic devices are capable of performing many of the required functions of such a device. However, all of these devices rely on expensive external fluorescence imaging systems that may limit the realization of a low cost, miniature DNA analysis chip. We have developed an on-chip fluorescent detection system and used it to detect individual DNA bands migrating in a microfabricated electrophoretic device. Fluorescence-based detection of DNA bands is achieved by incorporating a highly sensitive photodiode beneath the electrophoresis channel along with a thin film optical filter deposited above the diode. A miniaturized detection system, with sensitivity comparable to macroscale detection systems, could accelerate the realization of integrated `lab-on-a-chip' systems.
PETCAM-A power Efficient TCAM for forwarding tables (2009)

We investigate various TCAM architectures recently proposed for TCAM power and memory reduction and show that far better power and memory performance is possible when we use an optimal prefix set for the given routing table than when the original prefix set or the reduced prefix set as proposed in other work is used. For EaseCam, our experiments show a power and TCAM memory reduction of 96% to 98% and 62% to 69% respectively. For the suffix node architecture of, we get a power and TCAM memory reduction of 16% to 25% and 45% to 78% respectively.
Oscillatory Failure Detection in the Flight Control System of a Civil Aircraft Using Soft Sensors (2014)

International audience
WONDER: Workload Optimized Network Defined Edge Routing (2021)

The 5G standards enable cellular network capabilities that significantly improve key network characteristics such as latency, capacity, throughput and reliability, compared to the previous generations of wireless networks. It is, however, clear that in order to achieve these improvements in real network implementations, the supporting physical and logical infrastructure needs to be designed appropriately. The key components of this infrastructure are Radio Access Network, Edge Data Centers, Packet/Optical Interconnection Fabric and Edge Computing. This paper concentrates on the Edge Data Centers, Interconnection and Edge Computing capabilities that target ability to deliver high-performing services on the 5G network by means of intelligent network slicing, traffic routing and coordinated compute workload distribution. We propose new methods of ensuring optimal traffic routing and edge compute workload placement under mobility conditions, subject to application requirements and constraints within a set of interconnected Edge Data Centers, utilizing Segment Routing/IPv6 and software defined control mechanisms.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Constellation Polymorphism and Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis in Two Different Ethnic Groups (1997)

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are associated with susceptibility to different immune and nonimmune mediated diseases. We had reported that the drug adverse reaction, clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CA), is associated with different HLA types and HSP70 variants in Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Jewish patients, suggesting that a gene within the MHC region is associated with CA. This study was designed to find common genetic markers for this disorder in both ethnic groups. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) microsatellites d3 and b4 were found in higher frequencies in both Jewish and non-Jewish patients: 51 of 66 (77%) and 48 of 66 (57%), respectively. Comparisons of these frequencies with those of controls, 28 of 66 (42%) and 18 of 66 (27%), were statistically significant (corrected P value = .001 for the d3 allele and .0005 for the b4 allele). On the other hand, the TNF microsatellite b5 was underrepresented in the group of patients, 9 of 66 (14%), when compared with the control subjects, 43 of 66 (65%) (corrected P value = .0005), probably related to protection from CA. Our results show a strong association of some genetic variants of the TNF loci with susceptibility to CA in two different ethnic groups suggesting involvement of TNF and/or associated gene(s) products in the pathogenesis of this hematologic-drug adverse reaction.
Characteristics of lattice thermal conductivity and carrier mobility of undoped PbSe-PbS solid solutions (2013)

Solid solution has been considered as an effective approach to advanced thermoelectrics. However, the benefit from the decrease in lattice thermal conductivity induced by the impurity scattering will be compensated by the reduction in carrier mobility, therefore suppressing the maximum figure of merit (zT). We demonstrate the characteristics of the fundamental properties, including the lattice thermal conductivity and carrier mobility, of undoped PbSe_(1−x)S_x solid solutions (0 < x < 1) at room temperature, which provide an efficient way to evaluate the maximum zT of the materials with optimum doping. The lattice thermal conductivity is found to decrease significantly after adding a small amount of PbSe into PbS matrix up to the composition of PbSe_(0.7)S_(0.3) when the carrier mobility remains virtually unchanged, indicating the beneficial effect of impurity scattering to improve the thermoelectric performance.
On Handling Dependent Evidence and Multiple Faults in Knowledge Fusion for Engine Health Management (2006)

Diagnostic architectures that fuse outputs from multiple algorithms are described as knowledge fusion or evidence aggregation. Knowledge fusion using a statistical framework such as Dempster-Shafer (D-S) has been used in the context of engine health management. Fundamental assumptions made by this approach include the notion of independent evidence and single fault. In most real world systems, these assumptions are rarely satisfied. Relaxing the single fault assumption in D-S based knowledge fusion involves working with a hyper-power set of the frame of discernment. Computational complexity limits the practical use of such extension. In this paper, we introduce the notion of mutually exclusive diagnostic subsets. In our approach, elements of the frame of discernment are subsets of faults that cannot be mistaken for each other, rather than failure modes. These subsets are derived using a systematic analysis of connectivity and causal relationship between various components within the system. Specifically, we employ a special form of reachability analysis to derive such subsets. The theory of D-S can be extended to handle dependent evidence for simple and separable belief functions. However, in the real world the conclusions of diagnostic algorithms might not take the form of simple or separable belief functions. In this paper, we present a formal definition of algorithm dependency based on three metrics: the underlying technique an algorithm is using, the sensors it is using, and the feature of the sensor that the algorithm is using. With this formal definition, we partition evidence into highly dependent, weakly dependent and independent evidence. We present examples from a Honeywell auxiliary power unit to illustrate our modified D-S method of evidence aggregation.
Signal modification method for variable bit rate wide-band speech coding (2005)

This paper introduces a novel signal modification method for wide-band code-excited linear prediction (CELP) speech codecs to improve pitch prediction at low bit rates. The method is enabled only in stable voiced speech frames, and preserves the original time scale at the end of each frame. This feature helps to avoid artifacts and simplifies an encoder implementation. The signal modification includes a classification algorithm as an integral part. The classification algorithm detects the frames most suitable for signal modification and low bit rate coding, and can be employed in a rate selection module of variable bit rate (VBR) codecs. In this paper, the signal modification method is applied in an experimental VBR wide-band speech codec derived from the 3GPP adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) standard (ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2). The codec fulfills the system requirements of IS-95/CDMA2000 Rate Set II, operating at source coding bit rates 12.65, 6.2, and 1.0 kb/s. The signal modification is used in the 6.2 kb/s mode dedicated for voiced speech frames. Listening test results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method. The signal modification method is used in the Nokia/VoiceAge codec that was declared in April 2003 as the winner of the selection phase in the 3GPP2 CDMA2000 wide-band speech codec standardization.
Synthesis of a new class of pyridine herbicide (1991)

Abstract A new class of fluoroalkylated pyridine herbicides has been discovered. The 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylates are prepared either from ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoroacetoacetate via Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis or from trifluoroacetonitrile via cyclocondensation and carboxylation. Hydrolysis of the ester groups, followed by derivatization of the resulting acids yields a variety of herbicidally active analogs including ester, thioester, amide, halogen, amino, alkoxy and alkylthio derivatives.
Planar optofluidics for single molecule analysis (2007)

The recent development of liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides for integrated optofluidic devices is reviewed. Advanced fluorescence detection techniques and single bioparticle detection on a chip are presented, and an outlook for planar integrated optofludics for novel biomedical instrumentation is given.
Distinct Characteristics and Complex Evolution of PEDV Strains, North America, May 2013–February 2014 (2014)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which emerged in the United States in 2013, has spread throughout North America. Limited availability of PEDV complete genomes worldwide has impeded our understanding of PEDV introduction into the United States. To determine the relationship between the North American strains and global emerging and historic PEDV strains, we sequenced and analyzed complete genomes of 74 strains from North America; the strains clustered into 2 distinct clades. Compared with the initially reported virulent US PEDV strains, 7 (9.7%) strains from 4 states contained insertions and deletions in the spike gene (S INDELs). These S INDEL strains share 99.8%-100% nt identity with each other and 96.2%-96.7% nt identity with the initial US strains. Furthermore, the S INDEL strains form a distinct cluster within North American clade II, sharing 98.6%-100% nt identity overall. In the United States, the S INDEL and original PEDV strains are co-circulating and could have been introduced simultaneously.
A New Wireless Communication Paradigm through Software-controlled\n Metasurfaces (2018)

Electromagnetic waves undergo multiple uncontrollable alterations as they\npropagate within a wireless environment. Free space path loss, signal\nabsorption, as well as reflections, refractions and diffractions caused by\nphysical objects within the environment highly affect the performance of\nwireless communications. Currently, such effects are intractable to account for\nand are treated as probabilistic factors. The paper proposes a radically\ndifferent approach, enabling deterministic, programmable control over the\nbehavior of the wireless environments. The key-enabler is the so-called\nHyperSurface tile, a novel class of planar meta-materials which can interact\nwith impinging electromagnetic waves in a controlled manner. The HyperSurface\ntiles can effectively re-engineer electromagnetic waves, including steering\ntowards any desired direction, full absorption, polarization manipulation and\nmore. Multiple tiles are employed to coat objects such as walls, furniture,\noverall, any objects in the indoor and outdoor environments. An external\nsoftware service calculates and deploys the optimal interaction types per tile,\nto best fit the needs of communicating devices. Evaluation via simulations\nhighlights the potential of the new concept.\n
A Cloud-Based Infrastructure for Feedback-Driven Training and Image Recognition (2015)

Advanced techniques in machine learning combined with scalable "cloud" computing infrastructure are driving the creation of new and innovative health diagnostic applications. We describe a service and application for performing image training and recognition, tailored to dermatology and melanoma identification. The system implements new machine learning approaches to provide a feedback-driven training loop. This training sequence enhances classification performance by incrementally retraining the classifier model from expert responses. To easily provide this application and associated web service to clinical practices, we also describe a scalable cloud infrastructure, deployable in public cloud infrastructure and private, on-premise systems.
High efficiency, full-color AlInGaN quaternary nanowire light emitting diodes with spontaneous core-shell structures on Si (2015)

We have developed AlInGaN quaternary core-shell nanowire heterostructures on Si substrate, wherein an In-rich core and an Al-rich shell were spontaneously formed during the epitaxial growth process. By varying the growth conditions, the emission wavelengths can be tuned from ∼430 nm to ∼630 nm. Such core-shell structures can largely suppress nonradiative surface recombination, leading to a significant enhancement of carrier lifetime from ∼0.2 ns to ∼2 ns. The resulting nanowire light emitting diodes can exhibit an output power exceeding 30 mW for a ∼1 × 1 mm2 non-packaged device at a current density of 100 A/cm2.