gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Borosilicate Glass Step Coverage for Multilevel Interconnection Applications (1991)

The step coverage of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposited borosilicate glass (BSG) has been studied in detail. The optimized deposition conditions have been obtained for an oxygen/hydride ratio of 70/1 and a 4% boron concentration. Various BSG thicknesses obtained by only changing the speed of the carrier moving belt have been deposited over different kinds of metal steps, with sloped profiles or re‐entrant angle profiles and with different step heights. The oxide thickness, the metal thickness, , and the spacing, , between two metal lines have been chosen to cover a wide range of thickness ratios and aspect ratios . The step coverage evaluation (bottom and lateral coverage) is performed by measuring thickness ratios, which are reported on (, ) diagrams. Well‐defined curves of identical coverage can be drawn on the (, ) diagrams, showing that the step coverage of the BSG films is clearly correlated with the thickness ratio and the aspect ratio , but does not simply depend on , , and values. The limit curves of void formation and of constant coverage are drawn on these diagrams for the two metal profiles. A void formation limit is determined by the vertical asymptote to the void formation curve. This limit is obtained for an aspect ratio of 0.6 when metal steps have a re‐entrant angle profile, and 0.75 when metal steps have a sloped sidewall profile. The step coverage results are then discussed in detail. Finally, the use of graphic representation of step coverage results on the (, ) diagrams is emphasized for comparison of deposition techniques, choice of methods to elaborate intermetal dielectric, and as a guide to the design of new multilevel technologies.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor: Potential Therapeutic Applications (1997)

Tissue factor pathway of coagulation plays a dominant role during normal haemostasis. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), expressed primarily by the microvascular endothelium, appears to be the major physiologic inhibitor of TF-induced coagulation. TF-initiated coagulation also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases including coronary thrombosis, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, stroke, cancer, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several animal studies have found a beneficial effect of anti-TF monoclonal antibodies and, recombinant TFPI in some of the above clinical conditions. rTFPI is presently being used in clinical trials in patients with sepsis and in those following microvascular surgery. This article discusses many of the animal studies addressing inhibition of TF-induced coagulation, as well as potential therapeutic uses of rTFPI in humans.
Giant two‐photon absorption in monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Abstract Strong two‐photon absorption (TPA) in monolayer MoS 2 is demonstrated in contrast to saturable absorption (SA) in multilayer MoS 2 under the excitation of femtosecond laser pulses in the near‐infrared region. MoS 2 in the forms of monolayer single crystal and multilayer triangular islands are grown on either quartz or SiO 2 /Si by employing the seeding method through chemical vapor deposition. The nonlinear transmission measurements reveal that monolayer MoS 2 possesses a nonsaturation TPA coefficient as high as ∼(7.62 ±0.15) ×10 3 cm/GW, larger than that of conventional semiconductors by a factor of 10 3 . As a result of TPA, two‐photon pumped frequency upconverted luminescence is observed directly in the monolayer MoS 2 . For the multilayer MoS 2 , the SA response is demonstrated with the ratio of the excited‐state absorption cross section to ground‐state cross section of ∼0.18. In addition, the laser damage threshold of the monolayer MoS 2 is ∼97 GW/cm 2 , larger than that of the multilayer MoS 2 of ∼78 GW/cm 2 . image
Real-time face tracking system for human-robot interaction (2003)

When a person instructs operations of a robot, or performs a cooperative task with a robot, it is necessary to inform the robot of the person's intention and attention. Since the motion of a person's face and the direction of the gaze is deeply related with person's intention and attention, detection of such motions can be utilized as a natural way of communication in human-robot interaction. We describe our real-time stereo face tracking system. The key of our system is the use of a stereo vision. Since the 3D coordinates of the features on the face can be directly measured in our system, we can drastically simplify the algorithm of the 3D model fitting to obtain the full 3D pose of the head compared with conventional system with a monocular camera. Consequently we achieved a non-contact, passive, real-time, robust, accurate and compact measurement system of a human's head pose and gaze direction.
Design and Calibration of a Portable 24-GHz 3-D MIMO FMCW Radar with a Non-uniformly Spaced Array and RF Front-End Coexisting on the Same PCB Layer (2018)

This paper presents a portable 24-GHz multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with 16 transmit (Tx) channels and 16 receive (Rx) channels. The radar is intended for short-range localization and three-dimensional (3-D) imaging by detecting the ranges, azimuth angles, and zenith angles of targets in front of the radar. The radar is capable of two-dimensional (2-D) beamforming achieved using a non-uniformly spaced planar array. A prototype of this 16×16 radar has been built to demonstrate its short-range localization capability.
Massage Timing Affects Postexercise Muscle Recovery and Inflammation in a Rabbit Model (2013)

Post-EEX, immediate MLL was more beneficial than delayed MLL in restoring muscle function and in modulating inflammatory cell infiltration. These findings invite similar human studies to make definitive conclusions on optimal timing of massage-based therapies.
Lactobacillus casei Exerts Anti-Proliferative Effects Accompanied by Apoptotic Cell Death and Up-Regulation of TRAIL in Colon Carcinoma Cells (2016)

Probiotic microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a number of strain-specific health-promoting activities attributed to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Despite recent attention, our understanding of the biological processes involved in the beneficial effects of LAB strains is still limited. To this end, the present study investigated the growth-inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 against experimental colon cancer. Administration of live Lactobacillus casei (as well as bacterial components thereof) on murine (CT26) and human (HT29) colon carcinoma cell lines raised a significant concentration- and time-dependent anti-proliferative effect, determined by cell viability assays. Specifically, a dramatic decrease in viability of colon cancer cells co-incubated with 10(9) CFU/mL L. casei for 24 hours was detected (78% for HT29 and 52% for CT26 cells). In addition, live L. casei induced apoptotic cell death in both cell lines as revealed by annexin V and propidium iodide staining. The significance of the in vitro anti-proliferative effects was further confirmed in an experimental tumor model. Oral daily administration of 10(9) CFU live L. casei for 13 days significantly inhibited in vivo growth of colon carcinoma cells, resulting in approximately 80% reduction in tumor volume of treated mice. Tumor growth inhibition was accompanied by L. casei-driven up-regulation of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL and down-regulation of Survivin. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for beneficial tumor-inhibitory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects driven by this probiotic LAB strain.
Integration of batteries into a modular multilevel converter (2013)

In this paper the challenges of integrating batteries into the Modular Multilevel Converter are described. For this purpose, the technology of this converter topology is briefly introduced. An overview on already available products of battery energy storage systems is given. Based on that, a control concept for a DC-to-DC converter connecting a battery to a module of the Modular Multilevel Converter is presented. This concept contains an additional energy balancing algorithm. Several operating points of the whole system with integrated batteries are simulated. The paper is topped off with measurement results of a started-up hardware setup that is equipped with emulated DC-to-DC converters.
ATIVIDADES DO ECOTURISMO QUE PODERIAM SER IMPLANTADAS NA ZONA DE TURISMO ECOLÓGICO DA APA DE PIAÇABUÇU EM ALAGOAS (2015)

Este artigo tem o principal intuito identificar quais atividades podem ser desenvolvidas na Zona de Turismo Ecologico da APA de Piacabucu e levantar quais atividades do ecoturismo poderiam ser implantadas na mesma de acordo com seus atrativos naturais e a norma do Plano de Manejo da APA. Desta forma, busca-se contribuir na preservacao do espaco natural e social da APA de Piacabucu e na diminuicao dos impactos ja causados. O presente artigo tem como base de desenvolvimento o ecoturismo e suas atividades. O ecoturismo teve origem no seculo XVIII e e uma atividade que preocupa-se com as questoes ambientais que comecaram a se intensificar nas decadas de 1960 e 1980. Para se alcancar os objetivos, fora utilizado a pesquisa qualitativa, visando captar as diversas formas de compreensao do processo; Por fim, este artigo foi produto de uma pesquisa bibliografica sobre ecoturismo, turismo sustentavel e area de protecao ambiental (APA).Tambem foi utilizada a pesquisa de campo de base exploratoria para melhor identificacao de atividades com possibilidades de serem implantadas de acordo com o plano de manejo desenvolvido para a APA de Piacabucu.
LogChunks (2020)

Build logs are textual by-products that a software build process creates, often as part of its Continuous Integration (CI) pipeline. Build logs are a paramount source of information for developers when debugging into and understanding a build failure. Recently, attempts to partly automate this time-consuming, purely manual activity have come up, such as rule- or information-retrieval-based techniques.
A sub 100ns 256K DRAM in CMOS III technology (1984)

A sub 100ns 256Kb CMOS DRAM with 25μW standby power, 25MHz ripple mode and static column mode data rate will be reported. Channel length is 1μm and the SER is below 0.1%/1KHr.
Virus-Host Coevolution: Common Patterns of Nucleotide Motif Usage in Flaviviridae and Their Hosts (2009)

Virus-host biological interaction is a continuous coevolutionary process involving both host immune system and viral escape mechanisms. Flaviviridae family is composed of fast evolving RNA viruses that infects vertebrate (mammals and birds) and/or invertebrate (ticks and mosquitoes) organisms. These host groups are very distinct life forms separated by a long evolutionary time, so lineage-specific anti-viral mechanisms are likely to have evolved. Flaviviridae viruses which infect a single host lineage would be subjected to specific host-induced pressures and, therefore, selected by them. In this work we compare the genomic evolutionary patterns of Flaviviridae viruses and their hosts in an attempt to uncover coevolutionary processes inducing common features in such disparate groups. Especially, we have analyzed dinucleotide and codon usage patterns in the coding regions of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms as well as in Flaviviridae viruses which specifically infect one or both host types. The two host groups posses very distinctive dinucleotide and codon usage patterns. A pronounced CpG under-representation was found in the vertebrate group, possibly induced by the methylation-deamination process, as well as a prominent TpA decrease. The invertebrate group displayed only a TpA frequency reduction bias. Flaviviridae viruses mimicked host nucleotide motif usage in a host-specific manner. Vertebrate-infecting viruses possessed under-representation of CpG and TpA, and insect-only viruses displayed only a TpA under-representation bias. Single-host Flaviviridae members which persistently infect mammals or insect hosts (Hepacivirus and insect-only Flavivirus, respectively) were found to posses a codon usage profile more similar to that of their hosts than to related Flaviviridae. We demonstrated that vertebrates and mosquitoes genomes are under very distinct lineage-specific constraints, and Flaviviridae viruses which specifically infect these lineages appear to be subject to the same evolutionary pressures that shaped their host coding regions, evidencing the lineage-specific coevolutionary processes between the viral and host groups.
Learning deep kernels for exponential family densities (2018)

The kernel exponential family is a rich class of distributions, which can be fit efficiently and with statistical guarantees by score matching. Being required to choose a priori a simple kernel such as the Gaussian, however, limits its practical applicability. We provide a scheme for learning a kernel parameterized by a deep network, which can find complex location-dependent local features of the data geometry. This gives a very rich class of density models, capable of fitting complex structures on moderate-dimensional problems. Compared to deep density models fit via maximum likelihood, our approach provides a complementary set of strengths and tradeoffs: in empirical studies, the former can yield higher likelihoods, whereas the latter gives better estimates of the gradient of the log density, the score, which describes the distribution's shape.
Site-Selective Functionalization of Linear Diterpenoids through U-Shaped Folding in a Confined Artificial Cavity (2019)

Even flexible linear substrates are conformationally fixed within the hydrophobic confined cavities of enzymes. This enables preorganization of the substrates and their positioning in close proximity to the active center to facilitate stereo- and site-selective reactions. Here, we demonstrate the site-selective electrophilic addition of linear diterpenoids within a self-assembled coordination cage. The reactions proceed through folding of the linear substrates into a U-shaped conformation, which results in noncovalent protection of internal C═C bonds to enhance the site selectivity.
CLIC4, skin homeostasis and cutaneous cancer: Surprising connections (2007)

Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) is a putative chloride channel for intracellular organelles. CLIC4 has biological activities in addition to or because of its channel activity. In keratinocytes, CLIC4 resides in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, and CLIC4 gene expression is regulated by p53, TNF-alpha, and c-Myc. Cytoplasmic CLIC4 translocates to the nucleus in response to cellular stress conditions including DNA damage, metabolic inhibition, senescence, and exposure to certain trophic factors such as TNF-alpha and LPS. Nuclear translocation is associated with growth arrest or apoptosis, depending on the level of expression. In the nucleus CLIC4 interacts with several nuclear proteins as demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation. Nuclear CLIC4 appears to act on the TGF-beta pathway, and TGF-beta also causes CLIC4 nuclear translocation. In human and mouse cancer cell lines, CLIC4 levels are reduced, and CLIC4 is excluded from the nucleus. CLIC4 soluble or membrane-inserted status is dependent on redox state, and redox alterations in cancer cells could underly the defect in nuclear translocation. CLIC4 is reduced and excluded from the nucleus of many human epithelial neoplasms. Paradoxically, CLIC4 is reciprocally upregulated in tumor stroma in conjunction with the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Overexpression of CLIC4 in cancer cells inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of CLIC4 in tumor stromal cells stimulates tumor growth in vivo. Thus, CLIC4 participates in normal and pathological processes and may serve as a useful target for therapies in disturbances of homeostasis and neoplastic transformation.
Studies on the active site of papain. VII. States of tryptophan residues. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The <i>Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey</i> (SALSUS) is the primary source of data on substance using behaviour among young people in Scotland. SALSUS comprises a long running series of national surveys of young people's substance use. From 1982 to 2000 these surveys were carried out jointly in Scotland and England to provide national information on smoking behaviour (from 1982), drinking behaviour (from 1990) and drug use (from 1998). In 2002, Scotland introduced its own (SALSUS) survey which provides national policy makers with vital information to help develop and evaluate policies to reduce the prevalence of substance use in Scotland and to monitor progress towards achieving Scottish Government targets. Every four years the survey also provides information on substance use for local areas. These data are used to help inform local service planning, for example, to develop Alcohol and Drug Partnership (ADP) strategic and delivery plans and to monitor progress towards achieving a number of the ADP core indicators. All SALSUS datasets are available via the UK Data Archive.<br> <br> Further information about the series is available from the NHS National Services Scotland Information Services Division <a href="http://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Public-Health/SALSUS" title="SALSUS" target="_blank">SALSUS</a> webpage and from the Scottish Government <a href="http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Research/by-topic/health-community-care/social-research/SALSUS" target="_blank">SALSUS webpages</a>.<br> <br> August 2013: Variables excls1-4, covering school exclusions in years 1-4 were removed from the 2002, 2004 and 2006 data at the request of the NHS National Services Scotland's Caldicott Guardian.
A high performance size‐exclusion chromatographic method for evaluating heated oils (1986)

Abstract High performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to measure compounds with high‐molecular weight (MW) formed during the heating of oil. Formation of the high‐MW compounds is believed to be a reliable indicator of heat abuse in oils. The HPSEC method employs two µ‐spherogel size‐exclusion columns (500 and 1000 Å) in a series to separate the high‐MW compounds which are detected at a wave‐length of 234 nm by using a variable wavelength detector. The method was examined in the following study. Two sources of soybean oil were heated under laboratory conditions at 182 ± 2 C for eight 7‐hr days. Samples were taken periodically and tested by using HPSEC. Oil samples from two commercial deep‐fat frying operations were similarly tested. In all cases, size, number and apparent MW of the compounds formed increased with increasing frying time. The HPSEC procedure was compared with a method involving separation of polar and nonpolar components in a used frying fat by means of column chromatography on silica gel.
Efficient semantic annotation method for indexing large personal video database (2006)

As there is a large gap between high-level semantics and low-level features, it is difficult to automatically obtain high-accuracy video semantic annotation through general statistical learning based methods. In this paper, we propose a novel annotation framework based on active learning and semi-supervised ensemble method, which is specially designed for personal video database. To efficiently annotate the home video database, an initial training set is first elaborately constructed based on the distribution analysis of the entire video dataset. Then, both a semi-supervised ensemble based method and an active learning based method are proposed, which aims at minimizing a margin cost function of ensemble to ensure the generalization capacity. The experiment results on about 50 hours home videos show that the proposed method performs superior to both existing semi-supervised learning algorithms and the general active learning algorithms in terms of annotation accuracy and performance stability.
Comparison of Renal Ablation with Monopolar Radiofrequency and Hypertonic-Saline-Augmented Bipolar Radiofrequency: In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Studies (2005)

HS-augmented bipolar radiofrequency ablation using perfused-cooled electrodes shows better performance in creating coagulation necrosis than monopolar radiofrequency ablation in the kidney of an animal model.
Thrombin Inhibition by Novel Benzamidine Derivatives:  A Free-Energy Perturbation Study (2002)

Thrombin is a serine protease responsible for blood coagulation. Since thrombin inhibitors appear to be effective in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic and embolic disorders, considerable attention has been focused on the structure and interactions of this enzyme. In this work, to evaluate the relative free energies of hydration and binding to thrombin for some benzamidine derivatives, we used the finite difference thermodynamic integration (FDTI) algorithm within the Discover program of MSI. By this method, two possible orders of hydration for the candidates were obtained: p-amidinophenylpyruvate > p-(2-oxo-1-propyl)benzamidine > p-methylbenzamidine > p-ethylbenzamidine > p-(1-propyl)benzamidine > benzamidine and p-amidinophenylpyruvate > p-(2-oxo-1-propyl)benzamidine > p-methylbenzamidine > p-ethylbenzamidine > benzamidine > p-(1-propyl)benzamidine. We also obtained the following order for thrombin binding: p-(2-oxo-1-propyl)benzamidine > p-ethylbenzamidine > p-(1-propyl)benzamidine > p-methylbenzamidine > benzamidine > p-amidinophenylpyruvate.
Inferring the Origin of Routing Changes using Link Weights (2007)

The global Internet routing infrastructure is a large and complex distributed system where routing changes occur constantly. Our objective in this paper is to develop a simple and effective inference solution that can identify the AS or inter-AS link failures that trigger large scale routing changes in near realtime. We achieve this goal through a novel approach based on link weights. We measure the weight of each inter-AS link by the number of routes carried over that link, and keep track of its expected value and variance. We then correlate the weight changes of adjacent links and use a min-cut heuristic to find candidates for the origin of change. This work makes three contributions. First, we keep track of link weights rather than the routes of individual prefixes and thus our analysis is based on an aggregate view. Second, we use expected value and mean deviation of the link weights to identify routing events and distinguish route changes caused by failures from those by recoveries. Finally we use a min-cut heuristic based on the classification of routing events to accurately identify the AS or inter-AS link most likely responsible for the observed route changes. We verified our design using BGP data collected from operational Internet. Our efficient and accurate routing diagnosis solution can greatly help us gain better understanding of the dynamics in the operational Internet.