gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Models of Small and Medium-sized Technology-based Enterprises’ Technology Innovation of China (2016)

中国中小企业的发展环境越来越复杂，一些长期制约中小企业发展的世界性难题如融资难，人才短 缺等依旧没有得到有效的解决，特别是在转变市场经济发展模式这场变革中，大部分的中国中小型企 业进一步面临原材料，使用空间，用工等成本不断上升和加快转型升级的严峻形势，收到冲击难以想 象，压力大，难度最高，面对诸多可以遇见和潜在的风险与挑战，中国政府如何帮扶中国中小型企业 有序成长记发展已经成为重大而迫切需要解决的问题。本论文对中国科技型中小企业技术创新的障碍 性因素进行分析后， 合同创新模式， 项目合伙创新模式， 基地合作创新模式， 基金合作创新模 式， 研究机构合作创新模式 等创新模式进行分析，然后以苏州瑞博生物技术有限公司, 湖南凯美特 气体股份有限公司, 北京数字政通科技股份有限公司为案例进一步研究中国科技型中小企业的创新模 式，最后对中国科技型中小企业的发展前景进行了微观和宏观两个层面的建议。The environment for the development of small and medium sized enterprises has become increasingly complicated. Some worldwide difficulties such as financing and shortage of talents, which will restrict the long-term development of small and medium sized enterprises, have not been effectively resolved. In particular, during the transformation of development patterns of marketing economy, most of China’s small and medium sized enterprises have faced severe challenges in the ever-increasing expenses for raw material, sites and employees and are urgently required to speed up the transformation and upgrading. They have adversely affected with great pressures and difficulties. With a great number of potential risks and challenges which can be predicted, it is a critical and pressing problem for Chinese government to take measures to help small and medium sized enterprises develop in proper sequences. This article made a study on the obstacle causes for the technical innovations for scientific and technological small and medium sized enterprises. It also analyzed several modes of innovations including contract innovation, project partnership innovation, base cooperation innovation, fund cooperation innovation, and research institution innovations. Then the author made a case study on Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co.,Ltd, Kaimeite Gases Co., LTD, Beijing eGOVA Co,. Ltd sterilizer to further explain this subject. Finally, the article proposed the development prospects for China’s scientific and technological small and medium sized enterprises from both microcosmic and macroscopic aspects.
Unitary root-MUSIC with a real-valued eigendecomposition: a theoretical and experimental performance study (2000)

A real-valued (unitary) formulation of the popular root-MUSIC direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation technique is considered. This unitary root-MUSIC algorithm reduces the computational complexity in the eigenanalysis stage of root-MUSIC because it exploits the eigendecomposition of a real-valued covariance matrix. The asymptotic performance of unitary root-MUSIC is analyzed and compared with that of conventional root-MUSIC. The results of this comparison show identical asymptotic properties of both algorithms in the case of uncorrelated sources and a better performance of unitary root-MUSIC in scenarios with partially correlated or fully coherent sources. Additionally, our simulations and the results of sonar and ultrasonic real data processing demonstrate an improved threshold performance of unitary root-MUSIC relative to conventional root-MUSIC. It can be then recommended that, as a rule, the unitary root-MUSIC technique should be preferred by the user to the conventional root-MUSIC algorithm.
Easy and Safe All‐Inside Suture Technique for Posterior Horn Tears of Lateral Meniscus Using Standard Anteromedial and Anterolateral Portals (2013)

The importance of the lateral meniscus in weight bearing, distribution of force, shock absorption, articular cartilage protection, proprioception, stabilization of the joint, and joint lubrication is well known. Surgeons currently agree on the importance of preserving the menisci. Different suture techniques have been standardized. These include outside-in, inside-out, and all-inside techniques. The all-inside technique can be used to repair lesions of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. However, this technique presents important disadvantages, such as the necessity for an accessory portal and a high risk of neurovascular damage. For these reasons, we have developed a technique in which a suture hook and a shuttle relay are used to pass the suture wire through the meniscal lesion of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus with an all-inside technique, without the use of accessory portals and cannulas, with a standard 30° arthroscopic camera.
Effects of Student Self-Management on Generalization of Student Performance to Regular Classes (2019)

The use of a student self-monitoring and self-rating/teacher matching strategy to assist generalization of social skills use and decrease off-task behavior of five inner-city at-risk middle school students was investigated. A multiple-baseline design was used to assess the effects of the intervention in up to six different class settings. Results indicated that the self-monitoring and self-rating/teacher matching intervention led to an increase in correct social skills use and a decrease in off-task behaviors with all five students. These data add to the existing literature, suggesting self-monitoring with self-rating/teacher matching is an effective procedure to promote generalization of behavior. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Optimal Depth Estimation from a Single Image by Computational Imaging Using Chromatic Aberrations / Optimale Tiefenschätzung in einer Einzelaufnahme mittels Computational Imaging anhand chromatischer Aberrationen (2013)

Summary We present a computational imaging approach to estimate the depth from a single image using axial chromatic aberrations. It includes a co-design of optics and digital processing to select the optimal parameters of a lens such as focal length, f -number, and chromatic focal shift according to the performance of a depth estimation algorithm on the digital side. A simulation framework evaluates the complete systems performance in different imaging conditions including optimal axial chromatic lens aberration. A low-complexity algorithm estimates the depth map of real scenes. Experiments on real and synthetic scenes show the feasibility of the proposed system for depth estimation. In the case of relatively broadband object spectra and a lens with focal length of 4 mm, depth is estimated with an RMS error of 6-10%.
Data Mining Methods for Network Intrusion Detection (2004)

Network intrusion detection systems have become a standard component in security infrastructures. Unfortunately, current systems are poor at detecting novel attacks without an unacceptable level of false alarms. We propose that the solution to this problem is the application of an ensemble of data mining techniques which can be applied to network connection data in an offline environment, augmenting existing real-time sensors. In this paper, we expand on our motivation, particularly with regard to running in an offline environment, and our interest in multisensor and multimethod correlation. We then review existing systems, from commercial systems, to research based intrusion detection systems. Next we survey the state of the art in the area. Standard datasets and feature extraction turned out to be more important than we had initially anticipated, so each can be found under its own heading. Next, we review the actual data mining methods that have been proposed or implemented. We conclude by summarizing the open problems in this area and proposing a new research project to answer some of these open problems. 1
Biology and Epidemiology of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Pseudomonas Solanacearum (1991)

Bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and some warm temperate regions of the world, and is a major constraint on production of many crop plants. Major sections of this review are on: phylogeny (particularly using molecular biology), properties, relationships and geographical distribution; host range; modes of dispersal and sources of inoculum (including root-to-root transmission, movement of soil and dissemination by farm implements, and insect transmission); some environmental interactions (temperature - the most important factor affecting the host-pathogen interaction as well as survival in soils, light intensity, soil moisture (preferably high), soil type, and synergism with nematodes); and control strategies, especially development of host-plant resistance, appropriate cropping systems, soil amendment, disease avoidance, integrated control, and biological control using antagonistic rhizobacteria and avirulent mutants. -P.J.Jarvis
Improvement in Weatherability of Transparent Plastics by Sol-Gel Coating with UV Absorber and HALS (2009)

Article Improvement in Weatherability of Transparent Plastics by Sol-Gel Coating with UV Absorber and HALS was published on March 1, 2009 in the journal Journal of Polymer Engineering (volume 29, issue 1-3).
Two-step deposition of TiN capping electrodes to prevent degradation of ferroelectric properties in an in-situ crystallized TiN/Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/TiN device (2022)

Abstract Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 (HZO) is an appropriate material for the back-end-of-line (BEOL) process in fabricating ferroelectric TiN/HZO/TiN devices because of its excellent conformality on 3D nanostructures and a suitable crystallization temperature (≥ 350 °C–400 °C). However, in the semiconductor industry, the deposition temperature of TiN is usually higher than 400 °C. Therefore, it is necessary to study the ferroelectric properties of TiN/HZO/TiN devices when the deposition temperature of the TiN top electrode is higher than the HZO film crystallization temperature. In this study, 10-nm-thick TiN top electrodes were deposited at various temperatures on the HZO thin film to investigate the impact of the TiN deposition temperature on the structural features and ferroelectric properties of TiN/HZO/TiN capacitors. Only the sample capped with a TiN top electrode deposited at 400 °C showed ferroelectric properties without subsequent annealing ( in situ crystallization). However, this sample exhibited an approximately 40% reduction in the polarization value compared with the other samples that were crystallized after the annealing process. This behavior can be ascribed to the formation of a monoclinic nonpolar phase. To prevent the degradation of the polarization value and suppress the formation of the m-phase in the in situ crystallized HZO thin film, a two-step TiN deposition method was carried out. The sample was fabricated by depositing a 5-nm-thick TiN top electrode at room temperature followed by the deposition of a 5-nm-thick TiN layer at 400 °C, which resulted in strong ferroelectric properties comparable to those of the samples capped with TiN grown at relatively low temperatures (room temperature, 200 °C, and 300 °C). These findings can adequately explain the role of the capping layer in achieving the ferroelectric phase, which is closely related not only during the cooling step of any thermal process but also during the heating and crystallization steps.
CMOS switched-op-amp-based sample-and-hold circuit (2000)

This paper presents a sample-and-hold design that is based on a switched-op-amp topology. Charge injection errors are greatly reduced by turning off transistors in the saturation region instead of the triode region as is the case for traditional MOS switches. The remaining clock feed through error is mostly signal-independent and is cancelled out by a pseudodifferential topology. Switched-opamps are designed and fabricated in a 2-/spl mu/ CMOS technology. The measurement results show that the harmonics are at least 78 dB below the signal level. Both the measurement results from fabricated ICs and simulation results suggest the potential benefits of this approach in comparison to traditional switched-capacitor circuits.
BANKS SATISFYING PERFECT RECONSTRUCTION (1991)

It is well known that M-channel FIR filter banks, satisfying the perfect reconstruction (PR) property, can be obtained by the modulation of a linear-phase prototype of length N = 2M when certain constraints are imposed on the prototype. Recently, this result was extended to the case when N = 2mM, m 2 1. In this paper, we present a necessary and sufficient condition on the 2M polyphase components of the prototype filter (length N = 2mM) such that the polyphase component matrix of the filter bank is lossless. The losslessness of the polyphase component matrix ensures that the analysis/synthesis system satisfies PR. Based on this, we present a design procedure which enables the design of a large class of FIR-PR filter banks. It is shown that in this approach, there are significantly fewer parameters to be optimized than other M-channel QMF designs (for prototypes of equal length). This advantage becomes significant when designing long filters for large M. The design procedure is described a.nd a design example is included.
Two-phased event relation acquisition (2008)

Addressing the task of acquiring semantic relations between events from a large corpus, we first argue the complementarity between the pattern-based relation-oriented approach and the anchor-based argumentoriented approach. We then propose a twophased approach, which first uses lexicosyntactic patterns to acquire predicate pairs and then uses two types of anchors to identify shared arguments. The present results of our empirical evaluation on a large-scale Japanese Web corpus have shown that (a) the anchor-based filtering extensively improves the accuracy of predicate pair acquisition, (b) the two types of anchors are almost equally contributive and combining them improves recall without losing accuracy, and (c) the anchor-based method also achieves high accuracy in shared argument identification.
Beam hardening correction for fan-beam CT imaging with multiple materials (2010)

In X-ray CT, Beam hardening (BH) effect, which is caused by polychromatic X-ray beam and energy-dependent attenuation coefficients, always introduces cupping and streak artifacts. Most of correction methods can only deal with beam hardening artifacts for a single material or dual-material object, but fail to correct in case of a multi-material object since the correction complexity and instability increase with the increase of the kinds of materials. In this paper, we proposed a multimaterial BH correction method. A binary Legendre polynomial is adopted to correct BH based on bi-parameter imaging physical model, and the Helgasson-Ludwig consistency condition (H-L consistency condition) is introduced to optimally determine the bi-parameters of all materials. In the simulation experiments showed that the proposed method can suppress the artifacts greatly. The corrected values approach very closely to the ideal ones.
A case study for optics: The solid immersion microscope (2008)

Microscopes are natural objects of study in introductory and upper level courses that cover optics because they are used in most science and engineering disciplines. The solid immersion microscope has been developed to study a variety of physical systems with high resolution and we suggest its inclusion in upper level optics courses. We briefly describe the solid immersion microscope in the context of geometrical optics and a desktop demonstration. We use the angular spectrum representation to calculate the focal fields produced by a conventional microscope and a solid immersion microscope. We also suggest a simple model for lens aberration and perform numerically the focal field calculations with and without aberrations to enable users to compare the performance of conventional and solid immersion microscopes. These calculations can help users develop intuition about the sensitivity of microscope performance to real-world manufacturing tolerances and to the limitations and capabilities of microscopy.
Shallow silicide contact (1980)

Device miniaturization requires dimensional shrinkage not only in the lateral directions but also in the vertical direction. A silicide contact in a shallow junction Si device has to be shallow, which means that in forming the silicide it may not consume more than a few hundred angstroms of Si from the substrate. A general scheme of making such a shallow silicide contact is reported here. The scheme utilizes the effect of alloying to dilute the contact reaction, and it produces a shallow contact and a protective diffusion barrier at the same time. Results of Pt-Cr alloys are presented for illustration.
Enhanced antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin by binding to the bacterial surface. (1988)

In order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the antibacterial activity of lactoferrin, quantitative determinations of siderophore production and lactoferrin adsorption on various bacterial species were performed. The binding of lactoferrin took place both on Gram-positive and Gram-negative species and occurred with bacterial cells grown in stress or in excess of iron. The different degrees of sensitivity to lactoferrin observed could not be directly related to the type and amount of siderophores produced. However, it was possible to find a correlation between the capacity of some strains to bind lactoferrin and their sensitivity to this protein. These data suggest that the binding of lactoferrin on the cell surface can result in an antibacterial activity additional to iron witholding.
Microtubules as Sub-Cellular Memristors (2020)

Memristors represent the fourth electrical circuit element complementing resistors, capacitors and inductors. Hallmarks of memristive behavior include pinched and frequency-dependent I-V hysteresis loops and most importantly a functional dependence of the magnetic flux passing through an ideal memristor on its electrical charge. Microtubules (MTs), cylindrical protein polymers composed of tubulin dimers are key components of the cytoskeleton. They have been shown to increase solution's ionic conductance and re-orient in the presence of electric fields. It has been hypothesized that MTs also possess intrinsic capacitive and inductive properties, leading to transistor-like behavior. Here, we show a theoretical basis and experimental support for the assertion that MTs under specific circumstances behave consistently with the definition of a memristor. Their biophysical properties lead to pinched hysteretic current-voltage dependence as well a classic dependence of magnetic flux on electric charge. Based on the information about the structure of MTs we provide an estimate of their memristance. We discuss its significance for biology, especially neuroscience, and potential for nanotechnology applications.
Cytochrome b in human complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase): cDNA cloning of the components in liver mitochondria and chromosome assignment of the genes for the large (SDHC) and small (SDHD) subunits to 1q21 and 11q23 (1997)

Complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is an important enzyme complex in both the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic organisms. In this study, the amino acid sequences of the large (cybL) and small (cybS) subunits of cytochrome b in human liver complex II were deduced from cDNAs isolated by homology probing with mixed primers for the polymerase chain reaction. The mature cybL and cybS contain 140 and 103 amino acids, respectively, and show little similarity to the amino acid sequences of the subunits from other species in contrast to the highly conserved features of the flavoprotein (Fp) subunit and iron-sulfur protein (Ip) subunit. From hydrophobicity analysis, both cybL and cybS appear to have three transmembrane segments, indicating their role as membrane-anchors for the enzyme complex. Histidine residues, which are possible heme axial ligands in cytochrome b of complex II, were found in the second transmembrane segment of each subunit. The genes for cybL (SDHC) and cybS (SDHD) were mapped to chromosome 1q21 and 11q23, respectively by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
Real Time Cache Performance Analyzing for Multi-core Parallel Programs (2013)

Modern processors mostly use cache to hide the memory access latency, so cache performance is very important to application program. A detailed cache performance analysis will provide programmers a clear view of their program behaviors, which can help them to identify the performance bottleneck and to optimize the source code. As the chip industry turn to integrate multiple cores into one chip, multi-core/many-core processor becomes the new approach to maintain the Moor's Law. Therefore, Parallel programs turn to be more important even in the personal computers. In parallel programs, the interaction between tasks is the source of bugs and errors and is hard to handling for most of programmers. The detailed cache behaviors will greatly helpful to the programmer to find the errors and optimize the programs. However, the existing cache performance analysis tools, due to the limitations of the hardware performance counters they depend on to get data, cannot get as much data as we expected. Those tools cannot reveal the program routines characteristics on shared cache and the source of cache misses with limited metrics on cache misses. In this paper, we propose a method to obtain and analysis real time cache performance with binary instrumentation and cache emulation. We instrument the parallel program while it is running, and get the trace data about memory access. Then we transport the trace data to an carefully configured cache emulation module to get the detailed cache behavior information. The emulation module can not only get more information than hardware performance counter but also can be configured to simulate different target hardware environment. Additionally, we use the performance data to form a group of cache performance metrics which can intuitively help programmers to optimize their codes. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated by comparing the summary result with the hardware performance counter. Finally, we design an cache performance analysis tool named CC-Analyzer for parallel programs. Comparing with the existing technologies, CC-Analyzer is able to analyze the cause of cache misses and gather much more performance statistics when the parallel program is running on different cache architectures.
Children and young adults in a prolonged unconscious state after severe brain injury: Long-term functional outcome as measured by the DRS and the GOSE after early intensive neurorehabilitation (2007)

More patients with TBI than expected reached a (semi-) independent level of functioning, indicating a possible effect of EINP. Patients suffering from nTBI did not demonstrate these outcome levels. Only a few patients stayed in a vegetative state for more than a couple of years. In this cohort of severe brain-injured young people, the DRS offered the best investigative possibilities for long-term level of functioning.