gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solidification Behavior of Undercooled Liquid Aluminum Oxide (1995)

Solidification of aluminum oxide from undercooled melts was investigated in containerless experiments. Specimens were levitated in a gas jet, stabilized with an acoustic positioning device, and melted with cw CO 2 laser beams. Cooling curves were obtained by optical pyrometry when the laser intensity was reduced. The materials examined were high‐purity Verneuil sapphire, 99.5% polycrystalline alumina, and oxide materials recovered from the effluent of an aluminum‐fueled rocket motor. The degree of undercooling, the apparent temperature behavior during the thermal arrest on solidification, and the structure of the materials formed were different in argon and oxygen atmospheres. Undercooling of the sapphire and alumina materials was 360 ± 10 K in an oxygen atmosphere and approximately 450 K in argon. Melting and solidification of high‐purity sapphire resulted in a dendritic and porous polycrystalline material in oxygen. Dense, larger crystals were obtained in argon. Products formed from 99.5% alumina were discolored and the cores were white, indicating impurity segregation effects. More reproducible behavior was observed for the sapphire and 99.5% alumina than for the tungstencontaminated rocket motor effluent materials.
Transplantation of Whole Knee Joints in the Dog (1972)

SELIGMAN, G. M. M.D., M.Sc.; GEORGE, E. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C); YABLON, I. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C); NUTIK, G. B.Sc.; CRUESS, R. L. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C) Author Information
Kubernetes as an Availability Manager for Microservice Applications (2019)

The move towards the microservice based architecture is well underway. In this architectural style, small and loosely coupled modules are developed, deployed, and scaled independently to compose cloud-native applications. However, for carrier-grade service providers to migrate to the microservices architectural style, availability remains a concern. Kubernetes is an open source platform that defines a set of building blocks which collectively provide mechanisms for deploying, maintaining, scaling, and healing containerized microservices. Thus, Kubernetes hides the complexity of microservice orchestration while managing their availability. In a preliminary work we evaluated Kubernetes, using its default configuration, from the availability perspective in a private cloud settings. In this paper, we investigate more architectures and conduct more experiments to evaluate the availability that Kubernetes delivers for its managed microservices. We present different architectures for public and private clouds. We evaluate the availability achievable through the healing capability of Kubernetes. We investigate the impact of adding redundancy on the availability of microservice based applications. We conduct experiments under the default configuration of Kubernetes as well as under its most responsive one. We also perform a comparative evaluation with the Availability Management Framework (AMF), which is a proven solution as a middleware service for managing high-availability. The results of our investigations show that in certain cases, the service outage for applications managed with Kubernetes is significantly high.
An Open RF-Digital Interface for Software-Defined Radios (2013)

This article presents an open and complete RF-digital interface that's particularly appropriate for software-defined radios (SDRs). The interface advanced here is packet-based; it includes data and metadata (control and context) packets. The control and context packets describe the entire RF front end. The proposed description has a hierarchical structure and is a hardware abstraction. The developed interface supports advanced architectures such as SDR clouds. The metadata packets can be represented using formal, computer-processable semantics.
Somatic tetraploidy in specific chick retinal ganglion cells induced by nerve growth factor (2009)

A subset of neurons in the normal vertebrate nervous system contains double the normal amount of DNA in their nuclei. These neurons are all thought to derive from aberrant mitoses in neuronal precursor cells. Here we show that endogenous NGF induces DNA replication in a subpopulation of differentiating chick retinal ganglion cells that express both the neurotrophin receptor p75 and the E2F1 transcription factor, but that lack the retinoblastoma protein. Many of these neurons avoid G2/M transition and remain alive in the retina as tetraploid cells with large cell somas and extensive dendritic trees, and most of them express beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, a specific marker of retinal ganglion cells innervating lamina F in the stratum-griseum-et-fibrosum-superficiale of the tectal cortex. Tetraploid neurons were also observed in the adult mouse retina. Thus, a developmental program leading to somatic tetraploidy in specific retinal neurons exists in vertebrates. This program might occur in other vertebrate neurons during normal or pathological situations.
DNA damage and activation of c-ras in human embryo lung cells exposed to chrysotile and cigarette smoking solution. (2000)

Epidemiological studies and animal experiments showed that asbestos and cigarette smoking can act synergistically in the development of lung cancer. The mechanism of this synergism is largely unknown. It is well documented that DNA damage and activation of oncogenes play important roles in the development of cancer. The aim of our study was to find out if DNA damage could be increased and c-ras oncogene could be activated when human embryo lung cells were treated with chrysotile (CH) and cigarette smoking solution (CSS) separately or simultaneously. Human embryo lung (HEL) cells were treated with different doses of CH and CSS separately or simultaneously, then DNA strand breaks were detected with single-cell gel electrophoresis assay and the expression of p21 was detected by flow cytometry. Factorial analysis was used to evaluate the combined effect of chrysotile and cigarette smoking solution. The results showed that DNA strand breaks could be increased significantly when HEL cells were exposed to CH and CSS separately for 1 hour and increased in a dose-dependent relationship when cells were exposed to CH and CSS simultaneously for 1 hour. The expression of p21 increased significantly when cells were exposed to CH for 24 hours, but there was no significant increase when cells were exposed to CSS for 24 hours. However, there was an additive effect on the expression of p21 when cells were exposed to CH and CSS simultaneously for 24 hours. When cells were exposed to CH and CSS simultaneously three times (24 hours each time), then passaged for 1 month, the expression of p21 increased synergistically. In conclusion, DNA damage and activation of c-ras may be involved in the process of combined carcinogenesis of CH and CSS.
Move-it sticky notes providing active physical feedback through motion (2014)

Post-it notes are a popular paper format that serves a multitude of purposes in our daily lives, as they provide excellent affordances for quick capturing of informal notes, and location-sensitive reminding. In this paper, we present Move-it, a system that combines Post-it notes with a technologically enhanced paperclip to demonstrate how a passive piece of paper can be turned into an "active" medium that conveys information through motion. We present two application examples that investigate the applicability of Move-it sticky notes for ambient information awareness. In comparison to existing notification systems, experimental results show that they reduce negative effects of interruptions on emotional state and performance, and provide unique affordances by combining advantages of physical and digital systems into a novel active paper interface.
Metal–organic framework with optimally selective xenon adsorption and separation (2016)

Nuclear energy is among the most viable alternatives to our current fossil fuel-based energy economy. The mass deployment of nuclear energy as a low-emissions source requires the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel to recover fissile materials and mitigate radioactive waste. A major concern with reprocessing used nuclear fuel is the release of volatile radionuclides such as xenon and krypton that evolve into reprocessing facility off-gas in parts per million concentrations. The existing technology to remove these radioactive noble gases is a costly cryogenic distillation; alternatively, porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks have demonstrated the ability to selectively adsorb xenon and krypton at ambient conditions. Here we carry out a high-throughput computational screening of large databases of metal-organic frameworks and identify SBMOF-1 as the most selective for xenon. We affirm this prediction and report that SBMOF-1 exhibits by far the highest reported xenon adsorption capacity and a remarkable Xe/Kr selectivity under conditions pertinent to nuclear fuel reprocessing.
C<sub>60</sub> Pyrrolidine Bis-carboxylic Acid Derivative as a Versatile Precursor for Biocompatible Fullerenes (2014)

A C60 Prato derivative with bis-(t)Bu ester was prepared as a stable and convenient scaffold for the development of fullerene derivatives such as water-soluble C60-PEG conjugates, fulleropeptides via solid phase synthesis, and bis-functionalized C60.
Area-selective atomic layer deposition of molybdenum oxide (2020)

Area-selective bottom-up synthesis routes of thin films are required to overcome the current limits in lithography, and such growth can be achieved with high quality and nanometer thickness control by area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD). However, the current range of materials demonstrated deposited by AS-ALD is limited, and no processes for molybdenum oxide have been available so far. In this work, the authors explore the properties of a new ALD precursor, MoCl4O, for deposition of molybdenum oxides by ALD. MoCl4O is administered at room temperature during deposition, making it readily available for use. When reacted with a combination of water and ozone, it leads to an AS-ALD process for deposition of MoOx—the first reported. The process is perfectly selective for growth on glass as compared to Si(100) substrates for deposition temperatures between 200 and 300 °C, with a growth rate of 0.72 Å/cycle at 300 °C. The process is attempted on a range of substrates proving good growth on soda-lime glass and LiF and no growth on Si(100), silica, Na2CO3, CaCO3, Li3PO3, or Li2SiO3. The findings of this study indicate an activated process by diffusion of sodium or lithium through the film during growth. The obtained films have further been characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy, revealing films with an RSM roughness of 23 nm with the presence of crystalline MoO2 (C P/m) when deposited at 300 °C and crystalline Mo9O26 when deposited at 250 °C. The rough MoOx thin films may be applicable for electrocatalysis, gas sensors, or lithium-ion batteries. The findings of this study enable AS-ALD synthesis of molybdenum oxide with excellent selectivity not dependent on intermittent etching cycles during growth.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in ocular and orbital structures of the cat. (1980)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), a neuronal peptide of ubiquitous occurrence in the body, is known to have strong vasodilatory effects and to promote secretion from many exocrine glands. Nerves displaying VIP immunoreactivity (VIP nerves) were detected in several orbital structures of the cat. Such nerves were numerous in the lacrimal glands and somewhat less numerous in the Harderian glands and the tarsal glands. The nerves surrounded glandular acini and small blood vessels. Intraocularly, VIP nerves were seen in the ciliary processes, in the posterior third of the ciliary muscle, and around small to medium-sized blood vessels in the posterior uvea. VIP nerve fibers were absent from vessels in the anterior uvea. This distribution may explain why intracranial stimulation in the oculomotor nerve exit region dilates the vessels of the choroid but not those of the iris. A large number of VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were observed in the pterygopalatine ganglion. Extirpation of this ganglion resulted in the disappearance of VIP nerves from the intraocular structures and from the lacrimal and Harderian glands. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion and the ciliary ganglion did not affect the VIP nerve supply. The results suggest that the VIP nerves originate in the pterygopalatine ganglion.
Retroviral-Mediated in vivo Gene Transfer into Muscle Cells and Synthesis of Human Factor IX in Mice (1995)

Muscle cells, when transduced with a factor IX (FIX) expression vector, are capable of producing FIX protein and secreting it into the blood. These cells can thus serve as appropriate targets for gene transfer in hemophilia B patients. In this work, we studied the potential of retrovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer of the FIX gene into muscle cells. Producer cells, which produce recombinant retroviruses containing the human FIX cDNA under the transcriptional control of the chicken beta-actin promoter, were treated with the cytostatic drug mitomycin C (MC), and injected into the rectus femoris muscle of 6-week-old CB-17/1cr severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice. As a control, SCID mice were injected with NIH 3T3 cells, which were stably transformed by the retroviral vector described above and therefore secreted FIX, but did not produce retroviruses. The injected MC-treated cells did not cause any tumours to develop in the mice, and the amount of human FIX in the plasma of mice injected with the producer cells was significantly higher, at any of the time points measured beyond 10 days postinjection, than the amount of human FIX in the plasma of mice injected with FIX-secreting 3T3 cells. These results indicate that muscle cells transduced by retroviruses produced human FIX and secreted it into the blood. In vivo gene transfer to muscle cells by injection of retrovirus-producing cells, or by direct injection of recombinant retroviruses, could prove to be important for the gene therapy of hemophilia B.
Approximate computing with unreliable dynamic memories (2015)

Embedded memories account for a large fraction of the overall silicon area and power consumption in modern SoC(s). While embedded memories are typically realized with SRAM, alternative solutions, such as embedded dynamic memories (eDRAM), can provide higher density and/or reduced power consumption. One major challenge that impedes the widespread adoption of eDRAM is that they require frequent refreshes potentially reducing the availability of the memory in periods of high activity and also consuming significant amount of power due to such frequent refreshes. Reducing the refresh rate while on one hand can reduce the power overhead, if not performed in a timely manner, can cause some cells to lose their content potentially resulting in memory errors. In this paper, we consider extending the refresh period of gain-cell based dynamic memories beyond the worst-case point of failure, assuming that the resulting errors can be tolerated when the use-cases are in the domain of inherently error-resilient applications. For example, we observe that for various data mining applications, a large number of memory failures can be accepted with tolerable imprecision in output quality. In particular, our results indicate that by allowing as many as 177 errors in a 16 kB memory, the maximum loss in output quality is 11%. We use this failure limit to study the impact of relaxing reliability constraints on memory availability and retention power for different technologies.
Structural Characterization of Fucoidan from <i>Laminaria hyperborea</i>: Assessment of Coagulation and Inflammatory Properties and Their Structure–Function Relationship (2018)

The structure of fucoidan isolated from <i>Laminaria hyperborea</i> was elucidated and chemically tailored in order to obtain a clear structure-function relationship on bioactive properties with a minimal amount of variations among the tested molecules. Analysis revealed a sugar composition of 97.8% fucose and 2.2% galactose. Analysis of the glycosidic linkages showed (1→3)-α-l-fuco-pyranose (31.9%) to be the dominant residue, followed by 1→2-linked (13.2%) and 1→4-linked (7.7%) fuco-pyranose as well as a high degree of branching (22.4%). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed a sulfate content of 53.8% (degree of sulfation (DS) = 1.7). Raman spectroscopy determined SO<sub>4</sub> located axial at 4C and equatorial at 2C as well as an absence of acetylation. SEC-MALS analysis determined a high molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 469 kDa), suggesting a highly flexible main chain with short side chains. Both chemical shifts of the fucoidan, proton, and carbon were assigned by NMR and revealed a highly heterogeneous structure in terms of glycosidic linkages. Bioactivity was assessed using a lepirudin-based whole blood model. The immediate responses by coagulation and complement cascades were measured by prothrombine factor 1 and 2 (PTF1.2) and the terminal complement complex (TCC). Cytokines involved in inflammation were detected in a 27-plex cytokine assay. Fucoidan with a high <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> and DS inhibited coagulation, complement, and the cytokines PDGF-BB, RANTES, and IP-10, while activating MCP-1. These effects were obtained at the concentration of 1000 ug/mL and partly at 100 ug/mL. In low concentrations (10 ug/mL), a coagulation stimulating effect of highly sulfated fucoidans (DS = 1.7, <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 469 kDa or 20.3) was obtained. These data point to a multitude of effects linked to the sulfation degree that needs further mechanistic exploration.
Antithrombin Agents as Anticoagulants and Antithrombotics: Implications in Drug Development (1998)

Antithrombin agents of recombinant and synthetic origin are now validated in experimental models as useful an ticoagulant and antithrombic drugs. Several clinical trials in cluding surgical anticoagulation, management of coronary syn dromes, adjunct to thrombolytic agents and treatment of throm boembolism have also shown the comparative efficacy of these agents in reference to heparin. Argatroban and hirudin are now available for specific clinical indications such as thrombotic and ischemic stroke and alternate anticoagulants for heparin- induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) patients in Japan and Euro pean countries, respectively. While these agents produce strong anticoagulant effects, their mechanism of action is distinct from that of heparins, thus these agents should be used carefully using specific guidelines provided for each product. Thrombin inhibitors are effective anticoagulants however, their therapeu tic index is narrower than heparin and as such their nonopti mized use is potentially associated with hemorrhagic compli cations.
Differential expression of α‐actin mRNA and immunoreactive protein in brain microvascular pericytes and smooth muscle cells (1994)

Hypertension has been linked to opening of the blood-brain barrier and may be related to the expression of the smooth muscle alpha-actin gene in contractile cells at the brain microvasculature. However, the cellular origin (i.e., endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells) of the alpha-actin mRNA in the brain microvasculature is not clearly identified. Therefore, we investigated the abundance of actin mRNA by Northern blot analysis in isolated brain microvessels and in brain microvascular endothelial or pericytes in tissue culture. All samples showed the characteristic 2.1 kb transcript corresponding to cytoplasmic beta and gamma isoform mRNA. The 1.7 kb transcript corresponding to smooth muscle alpha-actin was detected in freshly isolated bovine brain microvessels, in primary cultures of brain microvascular pericytes, or endothelial cells; the latter cultures contain both endothelial cells and pericytes. The alpha-actin mRNA was absent in a cloned bovine brain endothelial cell line. The relative abundance of the alpha/(beta + gamma) actin transcript ratio was: cultured pericytes > freshly isolated microvessels > endothelial primary. The cellular distribution of the smooth muscle alpha-actin immunoreactive protein was studied by immunocytochemistry in cytospun/methanol-fixed isolated bovine brain microvessels with a monoclonal antibody directed to the amino-terminal decapeptide of the smooth muscle alpha-actin isoform. This antibody reacted strongly with precapillary arterioles of isolated microvessels, whereas no immunostaining was observed in either capillary endothelial cells or in pericytes. In conclusion, the alpha-actin mRNA is expressed in brain microvascular pericytes in tissue culture, but the immunoreactive alpha-actin protein is not expressed in brain microvascular pericytes in vivo. These data suggest that either 1) alpha-actin gene expression is induced in capillary pericytes in tissue culture or 2) alpha-actin mRNA in brain capillary pericytes in vivo is subject to translational repression resulting in no detectable alpha-actin protein under normal conditions.
Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to confirm genetic stability of in vitro regenerated grape plantlets (2005)

In commercial mlcropropagation, it is imperative to certify the plantlets for the genetic uniformity during different multiplication stages. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses of in vitro cloned Pusa Urvashi plantlets with the field-grown mother plant and other genotypes was carried out. Out of twenty decamer primers used for the study, fifteen were found polymorphic; while five were monomorphic for the three grape genotypes, viz. Pusa Urvashi, Pusa Navrang and Centennial Seedless. Primers were selected on the basis of their amplification product for clear and better interpretation. The in vitro raised plantlets and the mother plant showed the monomorphic bands confirming thegenetic homogeneity in the tissue cultured plantlets. Present study supports the fact that the grape plantlets regenerated from the nodal segment and multiplied using repetitive subculture of two-node micro-cuttings, did not exhibit any induced variations and were largely stable and true-to-the-type.
Hybrid-integrated external-cavity laser without temperature-dependent mode hopping (2002)

We propose and demonstrate an integrated external-cavity laser (ECL) with a novel configuration designed to suppress temperature-dependent mode hopping. The laser cavity is composed of a spot-size converter integrated laser diode (SS-LD), a UV-written grating, and silicone-filled grooves on a planar lightwave circuit (PLC). The silicone is used to compensate for the difference between the temperature coefficients of the SS-LD and the silica waveguides. We calculate theoretically the temperature interval of the mode hopping in the ECL to optimize the length of the silicone-filled grooves. We fabricated test and practical lasers with the proposed configuration using PLC hybrid-integration technologies. With the test laser, we confirmed stable single-mode oscillation and a large increase in the mode-hopping temperature interval for both static and dynamic operation. We obtained a low threshold of 15 mA, an optical power of 1.0 mW at 25/spl deg/C, and an injection current of 60 mA. In the practical laser, which we additionally integrated with a front monitor photodiode, we realized auto power control with mode-hopping-free operation from 18/spl deg/C to 56/spl deg/C. These results indicate the good performance levels of our proposed laser.