gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Microbiota Can Predict Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2019)

The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). However, whether intestinal microbiota can predict the development of aGVHD has been reported only rarely. Here we conducted a prospective study of microbiota in 141 patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We found lower microbiota diversity in the aGVHD group compared with the non-aGVHD group at day 0 and day 15 ± 1 (P = .018 and .009, respectively). Diversity was negatively associated with conditioning intensity (P = .017, day 0; P = .045, day 15) and β-lactam antibiotic administration (P = .004, day 15). Intensified conditioning and β-lactam antibiotics were associated with a lower regulatory T (Treg)/T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratio at day 15 (P = .030 and .047, respectively). At day 15, the levels of the inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-17A, IL-1β, and lipopolysaccharide) were higher in the intensified conditioning group compared with the standard group (P < .05). The accumulated intestinal microbiota (AIM) score was defined as microbiota diversity and gradient of the 4 bacterials (Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae) at day 15 post-transplantation. The AIM score was positively correlated with aGVHD grade (r = .481, P < .001), and the AIM score could be predictive of the development of aGVHD (grade II-IV aGVHD: area under the curve [AUC], .75, P < .001; grade III-IV aGVHD: AUC, .84, P < .001). These findings suggest that intestinal microbiota and conditioning might induce aGVHD by inflammatory factors and the Treg/Th17 balance. The constitution of the intestinal microbiota at neutrophil engraftment may predict the development of aGVHD.
Sequential Assembly of Phototunable Ferromagnetic Ultrathin Films with Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (2009)

Getting organized: Assemblies of ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticles were generated with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by a magnetic-field-assisted layer-by-layer method, and subsequently layer-by-layer films consisting of L1(0)-FePt nanoparticles and organic polymers were prepared. These films are phototunable when photochromic molecules are used as polymer layers.
DNA Composition Analysis by Nuclease Digestion and HPLC (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA Composition Analysis by Nuclease Digestion and HPLCSteven M. Wietstock View Author Information Department of Biochemistry, Alma College, 614 W. Superior Street, Alma, MI 48801Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1995, 72, 10, 950Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1995Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed072p950https://doi.org/10.1021/ed072p950research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1071Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A $4\times45$ Gb/s Two-Tap FFE VCSEL Driver in 14-nm FinFET CMOS Suitable for Burst Mode Operation (2018)

This paper presents a high-swing vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver with two-tap feed-forward equalizer (FFE) in 14-nm FinFET CMOS technology. The design features a standby mode with power-ON time below 10 ns and 86% of power saving. Based on system-level simulations, the impact of the driver swing, tap delay, and weight on the optical eye-opening is studied and it is shown that the FFE combined with high-swing driving can improve the output eye at rates beyond two times the bandwidth of the VCSEL. By applying an extra supply, the output stage is optimized to provide high swing (0.65 V) without suffering from the slow response of a transistor in the triode region. In addition, the bias and modulation currents can be adjusted to accommodate different VCSELs. The designed circuit is tested with two VCSEL types. It is bonded to common-cathode 20 and 18 GHz VCSELs, and in both the cases, data transmission at 45 Gb/s with bit error rate lower than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> is measured. The total power dissipation is below 100 mW, providing a power efficiency of better than 2.11 pJ/bit. To the best of our knowledge, this design is the fastest VCSEL driver in any CMOS technology, which is also capable of burst mode operation.
Analog fault diagnosis based on ramping power supply current signature clusters (1996)

Measurement of power supply currents was found to be very useful for testing CMOS IC's because of its potential to detect a large class of manufacturing defects. However, this technique was used mainly for fault detection and was confined to digital circuits. In this paper, we present a suited methodology for fault diagnosis of analog circuits based on the observation of power supply currents. In the proposed technique, fault signature dictionaries are generated from the currents in the power supply bus. To obtain signatures rich in information for efficient diagnosis, the transistors in the circuit are forced to operate in all possible regions of operation by using a ramp signal at the supply instead of the conventional constant DC signal or ground voltage. The signatures are then clustered into different groups using a Kohonen neural network classifier. This technique has the potential to detect and diagnose single and multiple shorts as well as open circuits. The theoretical and experimental results of the proposed technique are verified using a CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) circuit.
Deconstructing Xen (2017)

Author(s): Le Shi, Yuming Wu, Yubin Xia, Nathan Dautenhahn, Haibo Chen, Binyu Zang, Jinming Li Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 27 Feb 2017 Document Type: Reports Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2017 Abstract: Hypervisors have quickly become essential but are vulnerable to attack. Unfortunately, efficiently hardening hypervisors is challenging because they lack a privileged security monitor and … Continued
Structure and exon to protein domain relationships of the mouse carbonic anhydrase II gene. (1985)

We have isolated a cosmid clone containing the entire mouse (YBR strain) carbonic anhydrase (CA) II gene in 38 kilobase pairs of genomic DNA. The gene was found to be composed of seven exons and six introns. A TATA box (TATAAAA) and a possible CCAAT box (CCACT) have been located beginning 92 and 142 base pairs, respectively, upstream from the initiation codon ATG. When the regions encoded by exons and protein domains are examined, all but 1 of the 30 putative active site residues are encoded by four exons: exons 2 and 3 mainly code for hydrophilic residues and exons 4 and 6 mostly hydrophobic residues. Two intron splice positions, one between the codons for Glu-116 and Leu-117 and the other interrupting the codon for Gly-143, are located at the bottom of the active site cavity, and the former separates two of the three histidine residues forming ligands to the active site zinc ion. The other four splice sites map to the exterior of the molecule. Thus, except for the possible association of the 29 active site residues encoded by four exons, no obvious correspondence is seen between the regions coded by exons and the functional or secondary structural domains of the mouse CA II molecule. During this study, the possible basis for the two electrophoretic types, CA IIa and CA IIb, of inbred mouse strains was detected as a Gln/His interchange at position 38.
Development of mouse enucleated oocytes receiving a nucleus from different stages of the second cell cycle (1992)

The influence of the stage of the cell cycle of donor nuclei on the development of mouse oocytes enucleated at telophase I was examined. After nuclear transplantation and activation, a high proportion of the oocytes remodelled a nucleus, emitted a polar body and formed a pronuclear-like nucleus. Most of the reconstituted embryos that received an interphase nucleus 30-32 h or 34-36 h after treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) arrested at the 2-cell stage. The reconstituted embryos were able to develop to blastocysts when nuclei from late 2-cell embryos (44-46 and 48-50 h after hCG) were transferred to the oocytes. The resulting blastocysts were transferred to recipients and ten live young were obtained from the embryos that formed a pronuclear-like nucleus after extrusion of a polar body. Thus, the developmental ability of the reconstituted embryos was critically influenced by the stage of the cell cycle of the donor nuclei.
Zinc transport in mammalian cells (1996)

The importance of zinc in cell physiology is related mainly to its intracellular involvement in enzyme catalysis, protein structure, protein-protein interactions, and protein-oligonucleotide interactions. The mechanisms by which Zn2+ enters mammalian cells have been studied in a variety of cell systems. A review of this literature indicates that, in all cells, Zn2+ interacts with extracellular binding sites, which are likely to include binding sites involved in the subsequent translocation of this ion to the cell interior. Inside the cell, Zn2+ binds to cytosolic and organelle binding sites or is taken up by intracellular organelles. Despite these general conclusions, the mechanisms of the different transport and binding steps are, for most cell types, only partially solved. This review critically discusses the literature on mammalian Zn2+ transport and outlines some critical points for future research of the mechanisms of transport of this ion.
Top 10 tech cars (2009)

If necessity really is the mother of invention, then surely the auto industry is on the verge of an era of blinding brilliance. Times are that bad. In July, when the price of a barrel of oil shot up to US $147, buyers in the United States dumped their gas guzzlers and lined up for that iconic hybrid, the Toyota Prius. And, astonishingly, by year's end they had bought 25 000 Smart ForTwo cars, two-seaters so small they make the Mini Cooper, with its lavish complement of four seats, look like a land yacht.
Conformational Modulation of in Vitro Activity of Cyclic RGD Peptides via Aziridine Aldehyde-Driven Macrocyclization Chemistry (2012)

Here, we demonstrate a conjugation strategy whereby cyclic RGD-containing macrocycles are prepared using aziridine aldehydes, isocyanides, and linear peptides, followed by conjugation to a cysteamine linker. Our method involves site-selective aziridine ring-opening with the nucleophilic sulfhydryl group of cysteamine. Fluorescein was then efficiently conjugated to the primary amine of cysteamine by NHS-chemistry. This strategy may be expanded to provide easy access to a wide variety of fluorescent dyes or radiometal chelators. Modeling studies showed that aziridine aldehyde cyclization chemistry stabilized the RGD motif into the required bioactive conformation and that this cyclization chemistry modulated the geometry of macrocycles of different residue lengths. In vitro studies showed that cPRGDA and cPRGDAA both selectively bound to α(V)β(3)-overexpressing U87 glioblastoma cells, and that cPRGDA had a better binding affinity compared to cPRGDAA. The improved binding affinity of cPRGDA was attributed to the fixed Pro-C(α)-Asp-C(α) distance surrounding the stabilized RGD motif in cPRGDA.
Breakdown voltage of polypropylene film during C and thermal ageing (2017)

This paper investigates the electrical breakdown of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film during accelerated DC and thermal ageing. The DC breakdown voltage of 6.5 μm thick capacitor grade polypropylene (PP) films was measured. Two types of films with different crystallinity were tested. 88 breakdowns per sample were collected. The scale and shape parameter of the Weibull distribution were fitted to the data. The scale parameter values obtained vary between 713 and 804 V. Results indicate that during ageing procedure the film crystallinity is an influencing factor of their breakdown voltages.
Ferromagnetic, Ferroelectric, and Optical Modulated Multiple Resistance States in Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions (2018)

In data storage devices, spin, ferroelectric, or optical indices have been utilized as information carriers, and the binate couplings among the three parameters are explored to increase the resistance states and resultant data-density. However, studies holding all of the three information indices are still blank, where the increasing number of information carriers from previous two to three provides opportunities for inducing novel phenomena and distinct resistance states. In this work, using the spin-electron-photon resolved theory, we demonstrate the feasibility of spin, ferroelectric, and optical interactions, which are further detected by a spin- and ferroelectric-modulated photovoltaic effect in La<sub>2/3</sub>Sr<sub>1/3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>/BiFeO<sub>3</sub>/Fe<sub>4</sub>N multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs). Moreover, based on the spin- and ferroelectric-induced four resistance states in MFTJs, the special photovoltaic effect shall split each resistance state into light-on and light-off switching states, which finally lead to multiple resistance states. Besides, nearly 100% spin-polarized photocurrent and large tunneling magnetoresistance (electroresistance) are realized in these MFTJs. These results reveal that interacted spin, ferroelectric, and optical indices can simultaneously serve as information carriers in storage devices, which provide guidance for developing efficient data memories.
Inhibition of the synthesis of the TEM-type beta-lactamase by purine derivatives. (1981)

The beta-lactamase TEM-1 was purified from an Escherichia coli ATCC 11 775 R+TEM culture by preparative isoelectric focussing. This preparation was used to establish a calibration curve between the concentration of the enzyme and the cleavage of nitrocefin, by which the quantitative production of beta-lactamase TEM-1 in the growing culture was determined. The effect of purine derivatives on the synthesis of the beta-lactamase during the growth of the bacterium was tested in order to determine the essential basic structure of the molecule. It is suggested that the keto-methylamino part of the pyrimidine nucleus is decisive for the potency of the structure. Inhibition studies on the purified enzyme demonstrated that the purine compounds act by inhibiting the synthesis of the beta-lactamase and not by inactivation of the enzyme. This mode of action manifests itself as a synergism with amoxycillin against the beta-lactamase producing strain.
Accelerated nonlinear interactions in graded-index multimode fibers (2019)

Multimode optical fibers have recently reemerged as a viable platform for addressing a number of long-standing issues associated with information bandwidth requirements and power-handling capabilities. As shown in recent studies, the complex nature of such heavily multimoded systems can be effectively exploited to observe altogether novel physical effects arising from spatiotemporal and intermodal linear and nonlinear processes. Here, we study for the first time, accelerated nonlinear intermodal interactions in core-diameter decreasing multimode fibers. We demonstrate that in the anomalous dispersion region, this spatiotemporal acceleration can lead to relatively blue-shifted multimode solitons and blue-drifting dispersive wave combs, while in the normal domain, to a notably flat and uniform supercontinuum, extending over 2.5 octaves. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the physics and complexity of nonlinear, heavily multimoded optical systems, and could lead to highly tunable optical sources with very high spectral densities.
SCOMBO/UM : World's First* Optical Drive System LSI to Support Recording/ Playback of Both Next-Generation DVD Formats, HD DVD and BD (2006)

2006 became the first year in which players compatible with HD DVD or BD (Blu-ray Disc), the next-generation DVD formats, were introduced into the market respectively. This coincides with the spread of large-screen high-definition TVs and the start of digital HD broadcasts, thereby boosting expectations for next-generation DVD. NEC Electronics has succeeded in the development and commercialization of the SCOMBO/UM recording/playback drive system LSI that supports both HD DVD and BD as well as current DVD and CD standards, making it the world's first to offer compatibility with all of these media. This paper introduces this breakthrough.
Studies with a New Generation of Oral Attenuated Shigella Vaccine: Escherichia coli Bearing Surface Antigens of Shigella flexneri (1977)

Journal Article Studies with a New Generation of Oral Attenuated Shigella Vaccine: Escherichia coli Bearing Surface Antigens of Shigella flexneri Get access Myron M. Levine, Myron M. Levine Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Myron M. Levine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 29 South Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William E. Woodward, William E. Woodward Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel B. Formal, Samuel B. Formal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Gemski, Jr., Peter Gemski, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert L. DuPont, Herbert L. DuPont Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard B. Hornick, Richard B. Hornick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Merrill J. Snyder Merrill J. Snyder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 136, Issue 4, October 1977, Pages 577–582, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/136.4.577 Published: 01 October 1977 Article history Received: 08 March 1977 Published: 01 October 1977
Query parsing for voice-enabled mobile local search (2009)

With the exponential growth in the number of mobile devices, voice enabled local search is emerging as one of the most popular applications. Although the application is essentially an integration of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text or database search, the potential usefulness of this application has been widely acknowledged. In this paper, we present a data-driven approach to voice query parsing, that segments the input query into several fields that are necessary for high-precision local search. We also demonstrate the robustness of our approach to ASR errors. We present an approach for exploiting multiple hypotheses from ASR, in the form of word confusion networks, in order to achieve tighter coupling between ASR and query parsing. A confusion-network based query parsing outperforms ASR 1-best based query-parsing by 2.6% absolute.
Networking over next-generation satellite systems (1999)

Thanks to both the rapid deployment of the Internet and advances in satellite technology, the market for broadband satellite services is poised for substantial growth in the coming decade. Current communications satellite systems have generally been designed to provide either voice or data transaction (low data rate) services through small terminals, or trunking (high data rate, or broadband) services through large terminals. However, technological advances are enabling new systems that combine broadband data rates with small terminals, thereby providing more affordable &quot;last-mile&quot; network access to home and small business users worldwide. In particular, two types of broadband satellite systems are under development: high-power satellites deployed at tradit...
Adjoint-driven Russian roulette and splitting in light transport simulation (2016)

While Russian roulette (RR) and splitting are considered fundamental importance sampling techniques in neutron transport simulations, they have so far received relatively little attention in light transport. In computer graphics, RR and splitting are most often based solely on local reflectance properties. However, this strategy can be far from optimal in common scenes with non-uniform light distribution as it does not accurately predict the actual path contribution. In our approach, like in neutron transport, we estimate the expected contribution of a path as the product of the path weight and a pre-computed estimate of the adjoint transport solution. We use this estimate to generate so-called weight window which keeps the path contribution roughly constant through RR and splitting. As a result, paths in unimportant regions tend to be terminated early while in the more important regions they are spawned by splitting. This results in substantial variance reduction in both path tracing and photon tracing-based simulations. Furthermore, unlike the standard computer graphics RR, our approach does not interfere with importance-driven sampling of scattering directions, which results in superior convergence when such a technique is combined with our approach. We provide a justification of this behavior by relating our approach to the zero-variance random walk theory.
Estudos de caso em Educação Matemática - Problemas actuais (2019)

A metodologia de estudo de caso começa a ser utilizada com crescente frequência na investigação em Educação Matemática. Entre as questões que é pertinente colocar de uma forma geral em investigação qualitativa, e em particular no estudo de caso qualitativo, contam-se a generalização de resultados e o papel do investigador. A este propósito é trazida igualmente a terreno a questão do papel da teoria em estudos de caso. Partindo de uma revisão da literatura neste domínio e da análise de trabalhos de investigação realizados em Portugal no domínio da Educação Matemática (e em que a metodologia de estudo de caso assumiu carácter relevante), este artigo pretende problematizar estas questões, apresentando algumas pistas que permitam a sua discussão.