gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed Evolution of Human Estrogen Receptor Variants with Significantly Enhanced Androgen Specificity and Affinity (2004)

Human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) and human androgen receptor exhibit exquisite ligand specificity, which underlies their remarkable ability to effect ligand-regulated gene transcription in a highly distinctive and specific manner. Here we used a directed evolution approach to create hERalpha variants with enhanced androgen specificity and affinity with the goal to better understand the molecular basis of ER ligand specificity and the evolutionary mechanism of nuclear receptors. We developed a sensitive yeast two-hybrid system to screen for hERalpha variants with increased transactivation potency toward testosterone. After two rounds of directed evolution, we identified five hERalpha variants with dramatically improved transactivation potency toward testosterone in both yeast and mammalian cells. These variants showed up to 7,600-fold improvement in the binding affinity for testosterone and only slightly reduced affinity toward 17beta-estradiol. Detailed analysis of these evolved variants and a few site-directed mutants generated de novo led to several unexpected findings including the following. 1) Only two beneficial mutations were needed to create hERalpha variants with near nanomolar affinity for testosterone. 2) Some beneficial mutations were synergistic, context-dependent, or non-additive. 3) Of the five identified beneficial mutations, four of them were not in the ER ligand binding pocket and yet exerted important action on ligand specificity. 4) The single ligand-contacting mutation E353Q plays a dominant role in discriminating androgens and estrogens. These results, viewed in conjunction with the ligand exploitation model of nuclear receptor evolution, suggest that the mutation E353Q may represent a key event in the evolution of androgen receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor and that ligand promiscuity may play an important role in the creation of new nuclear receptors via divergent evolution.
Binding of parabens to sodium carboxymethylcellulose in oral liquid formulations (1996)

Objective: To investigate the binding interaction between the parabens in diluted Compound Hydroxybenzoate Solution APF and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and to assess its effects on antimicrobial activity. Study Procedure: The binding of a mixture of methyl hyroxybenzoate (MHB, 0.08%) and propyl hydroxybenzoate ( PHB, 0.02%) to SCMC (0-3%) was investigated by equilibrium dialysis using high pressure liquid chromatography to assay the concentrations of free parabens. Antimicrobial activity in the presence of 2% SCMC was assessed by challenge tests with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The concentration of free parabens decreased linearly with increasing SCMC concentration in the range 0-2% and more rapidly thereafter. At 2% SCMC, 77.5% of MHB and 56.9% of PHB were present as free substance. In challenge tests, parabens alone killed all microorganisms in 24 hours whereas the kill was marginally reduced in the presence of 2% SCMC. There were no viable organisms remaining after 7 days. Conclusions: Parabens in diluted Compound Hydroxybenzoate Solution APF bind to SCMC, but in formulations with up to 2% SCMC, the parabens retain acceptable antimicrobial efficacy. (author abstract)
MOLYBDENUM IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW (2004)

(2004). MOLYBDENUM IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 201-276.
Model of Lithium Intercalation into Graphite by Potentiometric Analysis with Equilibrium and Entropy Change Curves of Graphite Electrode (2018)

International audience
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An emerging public health threat (1997)

Three reported cases of infection with strains of Staphylococcus aureus that had only intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin raise fears that high-level vancomycin resistance may soon be seen. To forestall this occurrence, physicians need to limit their use of vancomycin, and hospitals need to intensify their infection-control efforts. We review treatment options and the recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to identify and slow the spread of resistant strains.
Performance Analysis of SCMA System Based on Polar Codes (2018)

Low latency and high reliability have become two major concerns in the design of future wireless networks. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can achieve the high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity requirements for the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, and the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is the typical form of these techniques. Whats more, the NOMA has low transmission latency and signaling cost. In addition, the common characteristic of 5G URLLC networks is that the coding block length for wireless transmission are quite short due to the low latency constraint. In short block length, the Polar codes has performance advantage over the LDPC codes. In this paper, we propose an uplink Polar-coded SCMA system. The extrinsic information of successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder is calculated and be fed into the message passing algorithm (MPA) detector as prior information at the next outer-loop iteration. Furthermore, simulations are carried out for the block-error-rate performance evaluation of Polar-coded SCMA and LDPC-coded SCMA schemes. By comparing the performance and decoding complexity of these schemes, some promising are suggested.
Novel Si/Carbon Nanofibers Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

Si/Carbon nanofibers composite films have been deposited on the copper foil by means of cost-effective electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In the meantime, the distribution uniformity of Si particles in the composite materials and the bonding force between Si and CNFs can be improved through individual surface pretreatment of Si and CNFs materials. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the pretreated Si/CNFs composite anode exhibits better capacity retention than the pristine one. The relationship between discharge/charge capacity and the weight ratio of Si and CNFs in the composite has been also investigated. The results show that the composite of with a weight ratio 2:1 (Si:C) shows the most stable cycle performance with a reversible capacity of 574 mAh/g after 100cycles at a current density of 400 mA/g.
Effort Estimation in Agile Software Development using Story Points (2012)

Agile software development has been gaining popularity and replacing the traditional methods of developing software. However, estimating the size and effort in Agile Software development still remains a challenge. This paper gives an overview of the different size estimation methods traditionally used and discusses in details the method based on Story Points, which is at present the most widely used estimation technique in Agile Software Development. The paper describes the steps followed in Story Point based method and highlights the area which needs to be looked into further.
Automated Face Analysis for Affective Computing (2014)

Facial expression communicates emotion, intentions, and physical states, and regulates interpersonal behavior. Automated Face Analysis (AFA) for detection, synthesis, and understanding of facial expression is a vital focus of basic research. While open research questions remain, the field has become sufficiently mature to support initial applications in a variety of areas. We review 1) human-observer based approaches to measurement that inform AFA; 2) advances in face detection and tracking, feature extraction, registration, and supervised learning; and 3) applications in action unit and intensity detection; physical pain, psychological distress, and depression; detection of deception; interpersonal coordination; expression transfer; and other applications. We consider user-in-the-loop as well as fully automated systems, and discuss open questions in basic and applied research.
Citalopram Augmentation for Subsyndromal Symptoms of Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Outpatients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder (2008)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00047450.
The function and performance of aqueous aerosol devices for inhalation therapy (2016)

In conclusion, the interplay between the dosage form (i.e. aqueous systems) and the specific type of device for aerosol generation determines the effectiveness of drug delivery in nebulization therapies, thus requiring extensive understanding and characterization.
Epithelial-type systemic breast carcinoma cells with a restricted mesenchymal transition are a major source of metastasis (2019)

Association of epithelial-mesenchymal transition with the metastatic potential of disseminated cells in breast cancer was studied.
Enhancement of Power Systems Stability Considering Nuclear Power Plants (2018)

The nuclear power plants became the Best solution for satisfying the increased and Continuous demand for electric energy due to its very low running cost, its high capacity and supposed to be environmentally clean source of base load electrical generation. For these reasons Egypt decides to begin its nuclear program . Egyptian government signed a contract with Russian Rosatom company specialized in nuclear energy sector to establish EL-Dabaa nuclear power plant in Egypt which is located in Al-Dabaa City, The proposed El-Dabaa nuclear power plant would be consisted of four Reactor of Type VVER 1200 belongs to Generation III to provide the Egyptian unified Electric grid with total power 4800MW. This nuclear power plant will operate as four stages, the first stage is to operate the first nuclear reactor to produce 1200-MW to the Egyptian grid in 2019. the second stage will produce 2400 MW will be in 2023. Then, the third stage will finish the construction of the third reactor and able to be in operation case to supply the total power of the plant to reach 3600-MW in 2026. Finally, the fourth stage will produce the proposed total power to reach 4800-MW in 2028. This Paper discusses the impact of interconnecting between the electric power system of Egypt and EL-Dabaa nuclear power plant are studied and analyzed through simulation of both nuclear power plant and Egyptian electric transmission grid. study for Egyptian unified power system, details for modeling of several elements, where the objective of this study is determining the optimal way for connecting between the proposed El-Dabaa NPP and the Egyptian power system .
Role of Critical Care Nursing Specialists in Coordinating Ethical Issues for Terminally Ill Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (2014)

本研究の目的は，集中治療室で終末期に至った患者に対し，急性・重症患者看護専門看護師（以下，CCNS ）が，どのような倫理調整を行っているかを明らかにすることである．10 名のCCNS を対象に半構造化面接を行い，質的帰納的手法で分析した．分析した結果，【終末期に至る予測と積極的治療の限界を見極める】【患者の意思確認が難しい状況でもあきらめずに意思をくみ取る】【一人で意思決定しなければならない家族の重荷を分かち合う】【代理意思決定をする家族の後悔を最小限にする】【患者の命をあきらめきれない家族の苦悩を引き受ける】【集中治療の延長線上で可能な限り望ましい看取りを行う】【困難な決断をしなければならない医師の重責を理解し対立を避ける】【患者を失う医療者のやるせない気持ちに対処する】など，13 カテゴリーが抽出された． CCNS は，患者を対象とした権利擁護，家族を対象とした代理意思決定支援と悲嘆ケア，患者と家族を対象とした望ましい死への援助，医療チームを対象とした終末期ケアにチームで取り組む土壌作りを担っていたと考えられる．
Gender Differences in Coronary Artery Diameter Involve Estrogen, Nitric Oxide, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent K<sup>+</sup>Channels (1996)

During their reproductive years, women have a much lower incidence of coronary heart disease compared with men of similar age. Estrogen appears to be largely responsible for this decrease in cardiovascular mortality in women. In the present study, isolated pressurized coronary arteries from rats were used to assess the role of gender and circulating estrogen on coronary vascular function. Pressure-induced constrictions ("myogenic tone") were greater (approximately 2-fold) in isolated coronary arteries from estrogen-deficient male or ovariectomized (OVX) rats compared with similar arteries obtained from female rats or OVX rats receiving physiological levels of estrogen replacement (OVX+E group). These differences in coronary artery diameter were abolished by removal of the vascular endothelium or chemical inhibition of NO synthase. The anti-estrogen, tamoxifen, increased pressure-induced constrictions of coronary arteries from female and OVX+E rats. Dilations of pressurized coronary arteries from female and OVX animals to sodium nitroprusside, a nitrovasodilator that generates NO, were reduced by > 50% by iberiotoxin (IBTX), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ (KCa) channels. Sodium nitroprusside (10 mumol/L) hyperpolarized coronary arteries by 13 +/- 2 mV, an effect that was greatly diminished (approximately 80%) by IBTX. Coronary arteries isolated from female rats produced greater constrictions in response to IBTX and KT 5823, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, compared with coronary arteries from OVX rats. cGMP-dependent protein kinase increased the activity of KCa channels 16.5 +/- 5-fold in excised membrane patches from smooth muscle cells enzymatically isolated from these small coronary arteries. We propose that physiological levels of circulating 17 beta-estradiol elevate basal NO release from the endothelial cells, which increases the diameter of pressurized coronary arteries. Further, our results suggest that part of the effect of this NO is through activation of KCa channels in the smooth muscle cells of the coronary arteries.
Integrating Risks in Business Process Models (2005)

In the context of process management, risk has been considered mainly from a project management perspective.But risk is an inherent property of every business process and techniques are needed to identify, represent and analyse business process risks.The absence of such techniques is a concern because both operational risk mitigation and legal compliance depend on the sufficient identification of corporate risk.This paper addresses the topic of risk management in the context of business process management.We present a taxonomy of processrelated risks and discuss how this taxonomy can be applied in the analysis and documentation of business processes.We demonstrate how a contemporary process modelling method can be extended to document process-related risks and their relationships with goals, other risks and processes.A critical administrative process in an university is used as an example.
Cartilage Resurfacing: Facts, Fictions, and Facets (1997)

Evolving Technologies: New Answers or New Problems?
Long‐Term Stability and Change in Personality: An Introduction (1989)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this special issue is to foster an examination of recent work on long‐term stability and change in personality Classic and recent research on long‐term stability of personality is presented Personal transitions are examined as an opportunity for studying continuity and change Some recent metatheoretical and theoretical perspectives on stability and change are presented Finally, several Innovative methodological and statistical approaches to the study of stability and change are considered
Characterization of a Cold-Regulated Wheat Gene Related to <i>Arabidopsis cor47</i> (1992)

The cDNA clone pWG1 represents a gene, designated cor39, from Triticum aestivum L. cv Winoka (a winter wheat) that is related to a cold-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) gene, cor47. In vitro transcription/translation experiments in conjunction with DNA sequence analysis indicated that cor39 encodes a hydrophilic polypeptide of 39 kD (isoelectric point of 7.5), designated COR39. The polypeptide is composed primarily of two sequences, each of which is repeated six times. One sequence, which is lysine rich, occurs in COR47 (the polypeptide encoded by Arabidopsis cor47) and group II LEA proteins, polypeptides hypothesized to have roles in desiccation and drought tolerance (J. Baker, C. Steele, L. Dure III [1988] Plant Mol Biol 11: 277-291). The second sequence, which is glycine rich, occurs in some, but not all, group II LEA proteins. Southern analysis indicated that wheat has a number of loci related to cor39. Transcripts of about 3.3, 1.5, and 0.8 kb that hybridize with cor39 were found to accumulate in leaf, root, and crown tissues of cold-acclimated plants; they accumulated rapidly in response to low temperature and returned quickly to low levels when plants were returned to normal growth temperature. Transcripts hybridizing with cor39 were present at relatively high levels in wheat seeds and accumulated in plants in response to exogenous application of ABA and water stress. The similarities in expression of wheat and Arabidopsis cor genes and possible functional relationships among COR39, COR47, and LEA proteins are discussed.
Acoustic Tweezers for Particle and Fluid Micromanipulation (2019)

Acoustic tweezers powerfully enable the contactless collective or selective manipulation of microscopic objects. Trapping is achieved without pretagging, with forces several orders of magnitude larger than optical tweezers at the same input power, limiting spurious heating and enabling damage-free displacement and orientation of biological samples. In addition, the availability of acoustical coherent sources from kilo- to gigahertz frequencies enables the manipulation of a wide spectrum of particle sizes. After an introduction of the key physical concepts behind fluid and particle manipulation with acoustic radiation pressure and acoustic streaming, we highlight the emergence of specific wave fields, called acoustical vortices, as a means to manipulate particles selectively and in three dimensions with one-sided tweezers. These acoustic vortices can also be used to generate hydrodynamic vortices whose topology is controlled by the topology of the wave. We conclude with an outlook on the field's future directions.
Reverse Phase Analytical and Preparative High Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Aflatoxins (1977)

Abstract Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was investigated and found applicable for determining 6 aflatoxins. Aflatoxins M2, M1, G2, G1, and B1 were completely resolved and B2 was satisfactorily separated on a C18 (10 μm, 4 mm id × 30 cm) column with an eluting solvent of acetonitrile-water (35 + 65) and flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. Compounds were detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 350 nm. Peak height and retention time reproducibility of multiple injections was excellent with coefficients of variation of 1.0% (M1) and 1.9% (B1) when laboratory temperatures were relatively constant throughout a day ; however, coefficients of variation increased significantly when temperatures varied by 10°F. HPLC determinations of aflatoxin B1 added to uncontaminated corn extracts at 20 and 50 ppb levels were 83±14 and 92.5±8%, respectively, of those expected. Comparison of com extract assays (6–98 ppb B1) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC revealed that HPLC values averaged 25% less than TLC values. Numerous peaks and background interferences were present in corn extracts which made interpreting chromatograms difficult. None of the cleanup procedures tried was successful in removing these interferences. Preparative HPLC was used to isolate and purify quantities of aflatoxins M1, B1, and G1 from silicic acid column mixtures of M1-M2, B1-B2, and G1-G2. Separations were achieved on C18/Porasil B (35–75 μm) columns (⅜″ od × 8′) developed with acetonitrile-water mixtures (M1, 20+80; B1, 35+65; G1, 25+75) at 9.0 ml/min. These columns permitted isolation of 40 mg aflatoxin B1 or G1 in less than 3 hr. Aflatoxin M1 required 2 HPLC steps.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Fungicidal Activity of Novel 1,5‐Diaryl‐3‐(glucopyranosyloxy)‐1<i>H</i>‐pyrazoles (2012)

Abstract Five novel pyrazole‐coupled glucosides, 1,5‐diaryl‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐3‐yl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐ β ‐ D ‐glucopyranosides 5a – 5e , were synthesized by the phase‐transfer catalytic reaction of 1,5‐diaryl‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐3‐ols 4a – 4e with acetobromo‐ α ‐ D ‐glucose in H 2 O/CHCl 3 under alkaline conditions, using Bu 4 N + Br − as catalyst. Then, glucosides 5a – 5c were deacetylated in a solution of Na 2 CO 3 /MeOH to yield the 1,5‐diaryl‐3‐( β ‐ D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐1 H ‐pyrazoles 6a – 6c . Their structures were characterized by 1 H, 1 H‐COSY, 1 H‐, 13 C‐, and 19 F‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The structures of 5d and 6c were also determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. A preliminary in vitro bioassay indicated that compounds 4e and 5d exhibited excellent‐to‐medium fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the dosage of 10 μg/ml.
Lisofylline, a Novel Antiinflammatory Agent, Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Proinflammatory Cytokine Damage by Promoting Mitochondrial Metabolism (2002)

Proinflammatory cytokine-mediated pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction is a key pathological event in type I diabetes mellitus. Lisofylline (LSF), an anti-inflammatory agent, has been shown to protect pancreatic islets from IL-1 beta-induced inhibitory effects on insulin release. However, the mechanism of LSF action is not known. Increasing evidence suggests that the mitochondria play an important role in regulating the beta-cell insulin release capacity and the control of cellular viability. To examine the direct effects of LSF on beta-cells, insulin-secreting INS-1 cells were exposed to a combination of recombinant IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and IFN gamma with or without LSF for 18 h. Basal and glucose-stimulated static insulin release were measured using RIA. INS-1 cell viability was determined using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and LIVE/DEAD dual fluorescence labeling. To evaluate INS-1 mitochondrial function, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) metabolism, change in mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular ATP levels were assessed. Cytokine addition reduced basal (7.8 +/- 0.30 vs. 10.0 +/- 0.46 ng/ml.h; P < 0.005), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (11.6 +/- 0.86 vs. 17.4 +/- 1.86 ng/ml.h; P < 0.005), and MTT metabolism in INS-1 cells. Over 40% of the cytokine-treated beta-cells exhibited nuclear DNA breakage, whereas the control cell death rate remained at 1-2%. Simultaneous application of LSF and cytokines to INS-1 cells restored insulin secretion, MTT metabolism, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell viability to control levels. LSF increased beta-cell MTT metabolism as well as insulin release and glucose responsiveness. In summary, proinflammatory cytokines lead to a reduction of glucose-induced insulin secretion, mitochondrial activity, and viability in INS-1 cells. LSF at concentrations achievable in vivo protected beta-cells from the cytokine effects. The mechanism of LSF-induced protection may be by promoting mitochondrial metabolism.