gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SmartWater Synergy with Surfactant Polymer Flooding for Efficient Oil Mobilization in Carbonates (2018)

Abstract SmartWater, through tailoring of injection water salinity and ionic composition, is gaining positive attention in the petroleum industry to synergize with several enhanced oil mobilization agents, such as chemicals and nanoparticles. The SmartWater assisted oil mobilization methods are currently considered as potential optimization routes to improve the efficiency and economics of different processes. In this study, we investigated the synergy of SmartWater in surfactant-polymer flooding for efficient oil mobilization in carbonates. The interfacial tension (IFT) data showed that SmartWater retained almost similar performance when compared to using a conventional high salinity water (HSW) with surfactant. The streaming potential tests demonstrated surface charge alterations to more negative due to SmartWater when compared to using high salinity water in carbonate reservoir cores. SmartWater also displayed favorable reductions in contact angle on carbonate surfaces towards a desired wettability condition in comparison to HSW. Oil displacement experiments conducted with a small surfactantpolymer (SP) slug followed by chase polymer and SmartWater/HSW flooding revealed the enhanced performance with SmartWater in SP flooding. Only half the dosage of polymer was used in SmartWater compared to that used in HSW, while around 70% of polymer solution viscosity was reached. The results showed that SP flooding with SmartWater can increase the oil mobilization by more than 5% in comparison to that obtained from SP flooding with HSW, and most of this oil mobilization gain was observed within one pore volume of injection. The different experimental findings from this work clearly established the potential synergy between SmartWater and surfactant-polymer flooding as a promising hybrid method for carbonates. The combined use of SmartWater with surfactant and polymer has yielded additional oil mobilization when compared to using HSW in surfactant polymer flooding, besides resulting in reduced polymer consumption and accelerated oil production. This favorable synergy will improve the efficiency, practicality and economics of chemical flooding projects in the field.
Recurrent gene fusions in prostate cancer: ETV1 class of fusions (2007)

CN02-04 The discovery of BCR-ABL1 gene fusion in chronic myelogenous leukemia helped to understand the role of chromosomal aberrations in carcinogenesis and has also served as a target for effective therapeutic intervention. Recently, we reported the discovery of recurrent gene fusion events in prostate cancer, a common epithelial carcinoma. These gene fusions juxtaposed the 59 untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 and the ETS (E26 transformation-specific) family genes ERG, ETV1 or ETV4 in most prostate cancers. Characterization of prostate tumors that overexpress ETV1 has now identified several new 59 fusion partners. The list of novel 5’ partners include, untranslated regions from a prostate-specific androgen-induced gene (SLC45A3) and an endogenous retroviral element (HERV-K_22q11.23), a prostate-specific androgen-repressed gene (C15orf21), and a strongly expressed housekeeping gene (HNRPA2B1). Among the two ETV1 overexpressing prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and MDA-PCa 2B, we observed a rearrangement of the entire ETV1 locus (7p21) to a 1.5-megabase prostate-specific region at 14q13.3-14q21.1 in both LNCaP cells (cryptic insertion) and MDA-PCa 2B cells (balanced translocation). Functional aspects of ETV1 overexpression was studied in vitro and in vivo. In both benign prostate cells and in the mouse prostate ETV1 overexpression confered neoplastic phenotypes. Thus, identification of distinct classes of ETS gene rearrangements demonstrates that dormant oncogenes can be activated in prostate cancer by juxtaposition to tissue-specific or ubiquitously active genomic loci.
IMPROVED SYNTHESES OF 20- AND 26-MEMBERED<i>bis</i>(5-CARBOMETHOXY-1,3-PHENYLENE) CROWN ETHERS (1997)

(1997). IMPROVED SYNTHESES OF 20- AND 26-MEMBERED bis(5-CARBOMETHOXY-1,3-PHENYLENE) CROWN ETHERS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 237-240.
Conducting Fibers: Downsized Sheath–Core Conducting Fibers for Weavable Superelastic Wires, Biosensors, Supercapacitors, and Strain Sensors (Adv. Mater. 25/2016) (2016)

Using intelligent textiles for clothing represents one possibility for weavable superelastic conducting fibers that can store energy, sense body motions, and detect biochemicals. On page 4998, S. Yin, R. H. Baughman, and co-workers demonstrate that these hair-like-diameter fibers, comprising buckled carbon nanotube sheaths on a rubber core, can be used as glucose sensors, supercapacitors, ultrafast strain sensors, and electrical interconnectors. The performance of these structures is maintained also under giant strain.
Total Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of ZK‐EPO: The First Fully Synthetic Epothilone in Clinical Development (2006)

Going to trial: From about 350 active epothilone analogues synthesized by a highly convergent synthesis, one (ZK-EPO, see picture) has been chosen for clinical development on the basis of its outstanding preclinical data. This compound exhibits higher activity and efficacy than taxanes (e.g. paclitaxel) and second-generation epothilones, a fast and efficient cellular uptake, no recognition by efflux mechanisms, and an improved therapeutic window. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z602785_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Alloy development of FeAl aluminide alloys for structural use in corrosive environments (1993)

Objectives include adequate ductilities ({ge}10%) at ambient temperature, high-temperature strength better than stainless steels (types 304 and 316), and fabricability and weldability by conventional techniques (gas tungsten arc). The alloys should be capable of being corrosion resistant in molten nitrate salts with rates lower than other iron-base structural alloys and coating materials (such as Fe-Cr-Al alloys). Such corrosion rates should be less than 0.3 mm per year. The FeAl aluminide containing 35.8 at. % Al was selected as base composition. Preliminary studies indicate that additions of B and Zr, increase the room-temperature ductility of FeAl. Further alloying with 0.2% Mo, and/or 5% Cr, improves the creep. Our preliminary alloying effort has led to identification of the following aluminide composition with promising properties: Fe - (35 {plus_minus} 2)Al - (0.3 {plus_minus} 0.2)Mo - (0.2 {plus_minus} 0.15)Zr - (0.3 {plus_minus} 0.2)B- up to 5Cr, at. %. However, this composition is likely to be modified in future work to improve the weldability of the alloy. The FeAl alloy FA-362 (Fe-35.8% Al-0.2% Mo-0.05% Zr-0.24% B) produced by hot extrusion at 900C showed a tensile ductility of more than 10% at room temperature and a creep rupture life longer than unalloyed FeAl by more than an order of magnitude at 593C at 138 MPa. Melting and processing of scaled-up heats of selected FeAl alloys are described. Forging, extruding, and hot-rolling processes for the scale-up heats are also described.
Lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi by Pseudomonas fluorescens (1982)

Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from the blood of infected mice were lysed within 24 h by an extracellular substance produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Isolation of the anti-trypanosomal factor (ATF) was accomplished by growth of the organisms in a defined medium, extracellular secretion by the sedimented cells, sterilization by filtration, lyophilization, dialysis, and gel filtration. Chromatographic separation with Sephadex G-25 and G-200 disclosed the occurrence of three active fractions. ATF-I(1) exhibited a molecular weight higher than 440,000. ATF-II and ATF-III were considerably smaller (molecular weights approximately 1,355 and 1,060, respectively). The lytic substance contained protein and lipopolysaccharide, was resistant to heat and freezing, was not proteolytic or hemolytic, and was not inhibited by trypsin but was suppressed by pronase.
`Triggerless' triggering of vacuum arcs (1998)

Vacuum arcs can be initiated without external means of power enhancement at the cathode surface (by using a high-voltage trigger, laser triggering, and so on). Arc initiation by simply applying the relatively low voltage of the arc power supply is possible if the cathode-anode-separating insulator is coated with a conducting layer and the current at the layer-cathode interface is concentrated at one or a few contact points. The local power density at these contact points can exceed which is sufficient for plasma production and thus arc initiation. This `triggerless' principle has been tested successfully with a large number of cathode materials. One extended test was performed with titanium and more than pulsed vacuum arc initiations have been obtained.
Gradient-induced voltages on 12-lead ECGs during high-duty-cycle MRI sequences and a theoretically-based method to remove them (2015)

Background An MRI-compatible 12-lead ECG platform, equipped with MRI-gradient induced-voltage removal hardware and magneto-hydrodynamic voltage removal software [1], was previously applied to physiological monitoring and synchronization of cardiac imaging of patients inside MRI. This approach had limited success for highduty-cycle [(total Gradient-ramp-time per R-R)/(R-R time) >20%] MRI sequences, such as Steady State Free Precession (SSFP), Short-TR Gradient Echo (GRE), and Short-TR Fast Spin Echo. The study objective is to measure and develop a method to remove gradient-induced voltages on 12-lead ECGs during high-duty-cycle MRI sequences.
Thermodynamic stabilities of three-way junction nanomotifs in prohead RNA (2017)

The thermodynamic stabilities of four natural prohead or packaging RNA (pRNA) three-way junction (3WJ) nanomotifs and seven phi29 pRNA 3WJ deletion mutant nanomotifs were investigated using UV optical melting on a three-component RNA system. Our data reveal that some pRNA 3WJs are more stable than the phi29 pRNA 3WJ. The stability of the 3WJ contributes to the unique self-assembly properties of pRNA. Thus, ultrastable pRNA 3WJ motifs suggest new scaffolds for pRNA-based nanotechnology. We present data demonstrating that pRNA 3WJs differentially respond to the presence of metal ions. A comparison of our data with free energies predicted by currently available RNA secondary structure prediction programs shows that these programs do not accurately predict multibranch loop stabilities. These results will expand the existing parameters used for RNA secondary structure prediction from sequence in order to better inform RNA structure-function hypotheses and guide the rational design of functional RNA supramolecular assemblies.
An Investigation Into Compliant Bistable Mechanisms (1998)

Abstract This paper proposes a new class of bistable mechanisms: compliant bistable mechanisms. These mechanisms gain their bistable behavior from the energy stored in the flexible segments which deflect to allow mechanism motion. This approach integrates desired mechanism motion and energy storage to create bistable mechanisms with dramatically reduced part count compared to traditional mechanisms incorporating rigid links, joints, and springs. This paper briefly reviews bistable mechanism theory, introduces some additional bistable mechanism characteristics, and integrates this theory with compliant mechanism theory. The resulting theory of bistable compliant mechanisms is validated by measuring the force and motion characteristics of several test mechanisms and comparing them to predicted values.
Package cooling designs for a dual-chip electronic package with one high power chip (2004)

Dual-chip microelectronic packages (DCP) with one high power chip are being increasingly encountered in computer and other electronic systems where a common chip carrier, whether a ceramic or an organic laminate, has a central processing unit (CPU) accompanied by a memory chip. In this study, package cooling designs are developed and presented for cooling two product applications of the DCP, with one application having larger power dissipation on the CPU compared to the other. Thermal analysis was conducted to identify the encapsulation solutions for the DCP. Mechanical analysis was then conducted to identify any structural integrity concerns and include appropriate verification tests during reliability assurance testing. The encapsulation processes were optimized to ensure the reliability of the package under field operation. The reliability of the packaging structures was assured using thermal measurements, acoustic sonography, and shear and tensile strength measurements of using test vehicles and actual product DCPs.
Neurodegeneration in humans caused by prions. (1994)

Prion diseases include kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal familial insomnia of humans as well as scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy of animals. For many years, the prion diseases were thought to be caused by viruses despite evidence to the contrary. The unique characteristic common to all of these disorders, whether sporadic, dominantly inherited, or acquired by infection, is that they involve aberrant metabolism of the prion protein. In many cases, the cellular prion protein is converted into the scrapie variant by a process after translation that involves a conformational change. Often the human prion diseases are transmissible experimentally to animals, and all of the inherited prion diseases segregate with prion protein gene mutations.
Statistical characterization for timing sign-off: from silicon to design and back to silicon (2009)

With aggressive technology scaling, within-die random variations are becoming the most dominant source of process variations. Gate-level statistical static timing is becoming a widely accepted approach as an alternative to static timing analysis. However, statistical timing approaches lack good models for handling timing variations due to within-die random variations. Before performing statistical timing analysis on a design or System On Chip (SoC), the cells in the library are pre-characterized for delay as well as constraints due to these random variations. This is referred to as statistical characterization of the cells. The major contribution of this dissertation is the development of novel techniques for statistical characterization and optimization of cells. The methods couple the knowledge of circuits along with the significant factor analysis methods to compute the sensitivities, to perform statistical timing and to perform sensitivity-aware cell optimizations.
The first contribution of this dissertation is a statistical delay characterization method developed for computing delay sensitivities of standard cells considering both global and mismatch process variations. In addition to the cells being characterized for delay, the sequential cells are characterized for timing constraints like setup and hold time constraints. The second contribution of this dissertation addresses the problem of constraint sensitivity characterization in sequential cells.
Block-based statistical timing approaches lack accurate consideration of the impact of slew variations on both delay and arrival time variations. Specifically, the delay variations due to within-die random variables (mismatch variables) result in a slew-based correlation during timing propagation. Handling within-die random variations more accurately during statistical timing propagation is the topic of the third contribution of this dissertation. Clock networks are more prone to these within-die random variations and can result in significant clock-skew variations. In the fourth contribution, a timing margining methodology is presented that accurately accounts for the clock skew variations in a timing sign-off flow.
Typically, the standard cells are designed very early in the design cycle and long before the process reaches production maturity. Any subtle improvements to reduce variability in standard cells can improve parametric yield significantly. Statistical characterization of cells for timing provides a key baseline for understanding the circuit behavior due to different sources of variation. The sensitivity information can also help increase yield by reducing the variability during the circuit design itself. The final contribution in the dissertation addresses this by defining key cell and device criticality metrics. A sensitivity-aware standard cell layout optimization is demonstrated using the proposed criticality metrics.
Development of Orally Active Oxytocin Antagonists:  Studies on 1-(1-{4-[1-(2-Methyl-1-oxidopyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yloxy]-2- methoxybenzoyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,4-dihydrobenz[<i>d</i>][1,3]oxazin-2-one (L-372,662) and Related Pyridines (1998)

The previously reported oxytocin antagonist L-371,257 (2) has been modified at its acetylpiperidine terminus to incorporate various pyridine N-oxide groups. This modification has led to the identification of compounds with improved pharmacokinetics and excellent oral bioavailability. The pyridine N-oxide series is exemplified by L-372,662 (30), which possessed good potency in vitro (Ki = 4.1 nM, cloned human oxytocin receptor) and in vivo (intravenous AD50 = 0.71 mg/kg in the rat), excellent oral bioavailability (90% in the rat, 96% in the dog), good aqueous solubility (>8.5 mg/mL at pH 5.2) which should facilitate formulation for iv administration, and excellent selectivity against the human arginine vasopressin receptors. Incorporation of a 5-fluoro substituent on the central benzoyl ring of this class of oxytocin antagonists enhanced in vitro and in vivo potency but was detrimental to the pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds. Although lipophilic substitution around the pyridine ring of compound 30 gave higher affinity in vitro, such substituents were a metabolic liability and caused shortfalls in vivo. Two approaches to prevent this metabolism, addition of a cyclic constraint and incorporation of trifluoromethyl groups, were examined. The former approach was ineffective because of metabolic hydroxylation on the constrained ring system, whereas the latter showed improvement in plasma pharmacokinetics in some cases.
Programmable spectral imaging method and apparatus (1991)

This invention is comprised of an integrated fluorescence analysis system that enables a component part of a sample to be virtually sorted within a sample volume after a spectrum of the component part has been identified from a fluorescence spectrum of the entire sample in. a flow cytometer. Birefringent optics enables the entire spectrum to be resolved into a set of numbers representing the intensity of spectral components of the spectrum. One or more spectral components are selected to program a scanning laser microscope, preferably a confocal microscope, whereby the spectrum from individual pixels or voxels in the sample can be compared. Individual pixels or voxels containing the selected spectral components are identified and an image may be formed to show the morphology of the sample with respect to only those components having the selected spectral components. There is no need for any physical sorting of the sample components to obtain the morphological information.
Development of concepts for satellite retrieval devices (1979)

The teleoperator being developed to augment the Space Transportation System (STS) for satellite placement, retrieval, or servicing at altitudes or orbital planes where it would be impractical to use the shuttle is primarily a general purpose propulsion stage that can be fitted with manipulator arms, automated servicers and satellite retrieval devices for particular missions. Design concepts for a general purpose retrieval device for docking with a satellite to which a grappling fixture has been attached, and for a retrieval device for docking with the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spacecraft were defined. The mechanical aspects of these two devices are discussed as well as the crew operations involved and problems created by the requirement for remote control. Drawings for the two retrieval device concepts are included.
CryoSAXS as a Method for Measuring Low Resolution Macromolecular Structure (2014)

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an increasingly popular technique for obtaining low resolution structural information from macromolecules and complexes in solution. Biomolecular SAXS signals can rapidly degrade due to radiation damage, so that flow or oscillating cells and large total sample volumes may be required. For particularly sensitive or hard to produce samples, such as of light sensitive proteins, metalloenzymes, and large complexes, and studies where multiple buffer conditions are probed sample consumption may be prohibitive. We describe cryo-cooling of samples to 100 K to prevent X-ray induced radiation damage. We identify SAXS-friendly cryoprotectant conditions that suppress ice formation upon cooling, and compare cryoSAXS profiles obtained in window-free variable-path-length cells with room temperature measurements for a variety of standard molecules. We obtain data sufficient for envelope reconstructions using scattering volumes as small as 20 nL, and find good agreement between cryoSAXS data and known atomic structures. We also discuss work on developing low-volume fixed path-length sample holders for cryoSAXS. Cryo-cooled samples can withstand doses that are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than typically used for SAXS at room temperature, comparable to those used in cryo-crystallography. While practical challenges remain, cryoSAXS opens the possibility of studies exploiting high brightness X-ray sources and mail-in high-throughput SAXS. This work is funded by the NSF (DBI-1152348).
Chimpanzee GB virus C and GB virus A E2 envelope glycoproteins contain a peptide motif that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in human CD4+ T-cells (2013)

GB virus type C (GBV-C) is a lymphotropic virus that can cause persistent infection in humans. GBV-C is not associated with any disease, but is associated with reduced mortality in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. Related viruses have been isolated from chimpanzees (GBV-Ccpz) and from New World primates (GB virus type A, GBV-A). These viruses are also capable of establishing persistent infection. We determined the nucleotide sequence encoding the envelope glycoprotein (E2) of two GBV-Ccpz isolates obtained from the sera of captive chimpanzees. The deduced GBV-Ccpz E2 protein differed from human GBV-C by 31 % at the amino acid level. Similar to human GBV-C E2, expression of GBV-Ccpz E2 in a tet-off human CD4(+) Jurkat T-cell line significantly inhibited the replication of diverse HIV-1 isolates. This anti-HIV-replication effect of GBV-Ccpz E2 protein was reversed by maintaining cells in doxycycline to reduce E2 expression. Previously, we found a 17 aa region within human GBV-C E2 that was sufficient to inhibit HIV-1. Although GBV-Ccpz E2 differed by 3 aa differences in this region, the chimpanzee GBV-C 17mer E2 peptide inhibited HIV-1 replication. Similarly, the GBV-A peptide that aligns with this GBV-C E2 region inhibited HIV-1 replication despite sharing only 5 aa with the human GBV-C E2 sequence. Thus, despite amino acid differences, the peptide region on both the GBV-Ccpz and the GBV-A E2 protein inhibit HIV-1 replication similar to human GBV-C. Consequently, GBV-Ccpz or GBV-A infection of non-human primates may provide an animal model to study GB virus-HIV interactions.