gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of the Creatinine Amidohydrolase Gene from<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. PS-7 (1995)

The gene encoding creatinine amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.2.10) was isolated from Pseudomonas sp. PS-7. The primary structure of creatinine amidohydrolase deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed that the protein is composed of 259 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 28,437. The enzymatic property of creatinine amidohydrolase produced by recombinant E. coli was identical with those by Pseudomonas sp. PS-7.
A Control Method for Improvement in the Tandem Hot Metal Strip Rolling Process (2010)

The tandem rolling of hot metal strip is a highly complex nonlinear process and as such presents an extremely difficult control challenge. This challenge is further exacerbated by the hostile hot metal rolling environment which precludes the location of certain sensors to measure variables that are important for control. Our previous work using a state-dependent Riccati equation technique for control of the tandem cold metal rolling process carries over well as a basis for the development of an improved method for control of the much more complex tandem hot metal strip rolling process. We present in this paper a comprehensive model of this process plus the results of our initial efforts toward the development of a suitable process controller. The strong possibility of significant improvement in the quality of the final product is shown by the results of simulations with the new controller is coupled to the model.
Flat-profile tape recording head (2002)

In conventional recording, tape wraps a cylindrically contoured head. The authors describe an implementation in which tape contacts a flat-profile bidirectional recording head. Magnetic transducers are located away from the air-scraping edges in the region of uniform head-tape spacing. Optical measurements on glass heads confirm intimate contact between head and smooth media below approximately 3 m/s. Wallace spacing losses show an increase with tape speed, but contact is still evidenced by head wear at 6 m/s. Air leakage and tape mechanical effects lift the tape edges. The width of the lost-contact region is controlled by the design. Flat heads are fabricated using hard-disk-drive head materials, methods, and facilities, and are implemented in the IBM TotalStorage 3580 Linear Tape Open Ultrium drive.
Mobility and Stability of the Intact and Replaced Knee (2015)

Having demonstrated in Chapter 2 that a fully conforming mobile bearing can minimise polyethylene wear, in this chapter we show that a mobile bearing prosthesis, unconstrained in the sagittal plane, can restore natural mobility and stability. For surgeon readers who are less interested in the theoretical background, it might be advisable to go straight to Chapter 4, Indications, or to start by reading the final section of this chapter, The Loaded Prosthetic Knee. If that proves interesting, the surgeon might attempt The Unloaded Prosthetic Knee. For the more research minded surgeon or engineer, it seems more logical to start with the Unloaded Natural Knee (the longest section of the chapter) and to read from there. The chapter may also be of interest to those surgeons embarking on the use of a bi-cruciate retaining total knee replacement.
Modulation of infection by gamma interferon treatment following trauma (1988)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) has been shown to be able to modulate several microbiol infections, perhaps as a result of the immunoregulatory properties of this interferon. The present study was designed to determine the efficacy of IFN-gamma treatment in a mouse model of infection that simulates clinical conditions occurring following abdominal trauma. In this model, mice were first infected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli and then underwent immediate surgical laparotomy. Finally the mice were secondarily infected intramuscularly with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Groups of CBA/J mice received either IFN-gamma or RPMI 1640 medium (controls) subcutaneously. IFN-gamma was administered daily at a dose of 7,500 U, commencing 1 h postlaparotomy and continuing until the second bacterial challenge. Mice treated with IFN-gamma survived significantly longer than controls. The Ia antigen expression of peripheral blood monocytes was severely reduced in animals for 3 days after laparotomy and for 5 days after laparotomy and infection. This drop in Ia antigen expression was prevented in animals treated with IFN-gamma. These data indicate that IFN-gamma had a beneficial effect in a model simulating bacterial infection after trauma and that maintenance of Ia antigen expression in interferon-treated mice may have contributed to the observed therapeutic effect.
Improved Cardinality Estimation by Learning Queries Containment Rates (2019)

The containment rate of query Q1 in query Q2 over database D is the percentage of Q1's result tuples over D that are also in Q2's result over D. We directly estimate containment rates between pairs of queries over a specific database. For this, we use a specialized deep learning scheme, CRN, which is tailored to representing pairs of SQL queries. Result-cardinality estimation is a core component of query optimization. We describe a novel approach for estimating queries result-cardinalities using estimated containment rates among queries. This containment rate estimation may rely on CRN or embed, unchanged, known cardinality estimation methods. Experimentally, our novel approach for estimating cardinalities, using containment rates between queries, on a challenging real-world database, realizes significant improvements to state of the art cardinality estimation methods.
Demonstration of a PDMS based hybrid grating and Fresnel lens (G-Fresnel) device (2010)

A hybrid device that we term G-Fresnel (i.e., grating and Fresnel) is demonstrated. It fuses the functions of a grating and a Fresnel lens into a single device. We have fabricated the G-Fresnel device by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based soft lithography. Three-dimensional surface profilometry has been performed to examine the device quality. We have also conducted optical characterizations to confirm its dual focusing and dispersing properties. The G-Fresnel can be useful for the development of miniature optical spectrometers as well as emerging optofluidic applications.
Pulsed breakdown characterization of two dielectric oils with a BST nanoparticle suspension and varying filtration pore size (2010)

As more applications require high power and rep-rate capabilities, the University of Missouri-Columbia is investigating the design of liquid dielectric switches. In particular, the design and characterization of oil dielectrics is critical for optimum switch performance. Previous improvements, such as tuning of the oil pressure and flow rate, have dramatically reduced the rep-rate self-break jitter by eliminating breakdown byproducts. By introducing a suspension of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) nanoparticles in the oil dielectric we hope to further reduce the breakdown jitter. Electrostatic simulations show that a nanoparticle suspension within the oil dielectric generates non-linear electric fields on both the electrode surfaces and in the bulk of the oil dielectric with a uniform applied electric field. These electric fields may help reduce jitter by enhancing cathode electron emission and streamer propagation across the gap. The two oils utilized in the experimental study were Hexadecene C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">32</sub> and a synthetic oil dielectric developed by NYCO called NYCODIEL. A pulse generator, specifically designed for the characterization of oil dielectric strength, is implemented for this study. The pulse generator produces a voltage rise of 160-kV/μs across an adjustable electrode gap. Fifty voltage pulses are applied to each of the two oils at two oil pressures, totaling 100 breakdown measurements per oil. Before each test cycle, the oil is sparged with dry nitrogen to reduce the water content, and the switch electrodes are polished. The water content was measured by a K-F coulometric titrator. The oils are filtered between shots with three different filter pore sizes: 5-μm, 1-μm, and 0.45-μm. This was done to determine the optimum size filter for the system as the buildup of carbon byproducts reduces switch performance. A description of the pulse generator is provided, and the experimental procedure is described. Data for the dielectric oils is presented and analyzed, including the mean and percent standard deviation of the voltage breakdown data.
Multispectral in-vivo fluorescence imaging: What’s needed, what’s not (2006)

Use of fluorescent labels for in-vivo imaging has been limited by tissue autofluorescence, now largely avoidable using multispectral imaging. Automated methods, choice of sensor and means of improving signal to noise will be presented.
Synthesis Of Realistic Animations Of A Person Speaking (1995)

Actors computer program implements automated process that synthesizes realistic animations of person speaking. Produces newscaster type video sequences. Uses images of person and, therefore, not limited to cartoons and cartoonlike movies. Potential applications also include use of process for automatically producing on-the-fly animations for human/computer interfaces and for reducing bandwidth needed to transmit video telephone signals.
Self-Anchored Catalyst Interface Enables Ordered Via Array Formation from Submicrometer to Millimeter Scale for Polycrystalline and Single-Crystalline Silicon (2018)

Defying text definitions of wet etching, metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch), a solution-based, damage-free semiconductor etching method, is directional, where the metal catalyst film sinks with the semiconductor etching front, producing 3D semiconductor structures that are complementary to the metal catalyst film pattern. The same recipe that works perfectly to produce ordered array of nanostructures for single-crystalline Si (c-Si) fails completely when applied to polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) with the same doping type and level. Another long-standing challenge for MacEtch is the difficulty of uniformly etching across feature sizes larger than a few micrometers because of the nature of lateral etching. The issue of interface control between the catalyst and the semiconductor in both lateral and vertical directions over time and over distance needs to be systematically addressed. Here, we present a self-anchored catalyst (SAC) MacEtch method, where a nanoporous catalyst film is used to produce nanowires through the pinholes, which in turn physically anchor the catalyst film from detouring as it descends. The systematic vertical etch rate study as a function of porous catalyst diameter from 200 to 900 nm shows that the SAC-MacEtch not only confines the etching direction but also enhances the etch rate due to the increased liquid access path, significantly delaying the onset of the mass-transport-limited critical diameter compared to nonporous catalyst c-Si counterpart. With this enhanced mass transport approach, vias on multistacks of poly-Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> are also formed with excellent vertical registry through the polystack, even though they are separated by SiO<sub>2</sub> which is readily removed by HF alone with no anisotropy. In addition, 320 μm square through-Si-via (TSV) arrays in 550 μm thick c-Si are realized. The ability of SAC-MacEtch to etch through poly/oxide/poly stack as well as more than half millimeter thick silicon with excellent site specificity for a wide range of feature sizes has significant implications for 2.5D/3D photonic and electronic device applications.
Lossless multi-way power combining and outphasing for high-frequency resonant inverters (2012)

A lossless multi-way power combining and outphasing system has recently been proposed for high-frequency inverters and power amplifiers which offers major performance advantages over traditional approaches. This paper presents a new outphasing control strategy for the proposed system that enables output power control through effective load modulation of the inverters while minimizing loading admittance phase. Moreover, we present the first-ever experimental demonstration of the proposed outphasing system. The design of a 27.12 MHz, four-way power combining and outphasing system is described, and used to experimentally verify the power combiner's characteristics and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed outphasing law to control output power over a 10:1 range.
For automatic detection and monitoring of obstructive sleep apnea (2002)

Nonlinear/chaotic algorithms are used for automatic detection and clinical monitoring of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We cite an example taken from a group of adults where similar results are obtained. The algorithms are applied to clinical time series of airflow (thermistry), chest effort (impedance) and electrocardiogram (ECG) traces obtained from sleep apnea records (Edentrace Systems). These algorithms may be applied to a variety of other data sets (i.e. oxygen saturation, heart rate). The algorithms can pinpoint the onset of a disabling disorder (i.e apnea) and mark the duration of the event. They are robust when applied to multiple data sets in which obstructive apneas are known to occur.
Effect of Excess Mg on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg<sub>2</sub>Si High Pressure Die Casting Alloys (2013)

In this work we found that the addition of excess Mg can significantly improve the mechanical properties of pseudo-binary Al-Mg 2 Si alloys after high pressure die casting (HPDC). Al-8Mg 2 Si-6Mg alloy offered an excellent combination of high strength and reasonable ductility. Excess Mg lowers the Mg 2 Si content in the eutectic reaction and promotes the formation of Mg 2 Si as the primary phase, and this is believed to be the origin of improved mechanical performance.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3‐Enynes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of the Major Lipopeptide Components of Polymyxin B and Colistin: Last-Line Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (2015)

Polymyxin B and colistin are currently used as a 'last-line' treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However very little is known about the pharmacological differences between polymyxin B<sub>1</sub>, polymyxin B<sub>2</sub>, colistin A, colistin B, the major cyclic lipopeptides components present in polymyxin B and colistin products. Here, we report on the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antimicrobial activity and toxicity of these major lipopeptide components. All four lipopeptides had comparable MICs (<0.125-4 mg/L) against a panel of clinical Gram-negative isolates. They also had comparable <i>in vivo</i> antimicrobial activity (Δlog<sub>10</sub> CFU/mL >-3) and nephrotoxicity (mild to moderate histological damage) in mouse models. However, polymyxin B<sub>1</sub> and colistin A showed significantly higher (> 3-fold) <i>in vitro</i> apoptotic effect on human kidney proximal tubular HK-2 cells than polymyxin B2 and colistin B, respectively. Compared to the commercial polymyxin and colistin products, the individual lipopeptide components had slightly more <i>in vivo</i> antimicrobial activity. Our results highlight the need to re-assess pharmacopoeial standards for polymyxins B and colistin and to standardize the composition of the different commercial products of polymyxin antibiotics.
A Fluorescence <i>In situ</i> Hybridization Screen for E26 Transformation–Specific Aberrations: Identification of DDX5-ETV4 Fusion Protein in Prostate Cancer (2008)

Recurrent gene fusions involving E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors ERG, ETV1, ETV4, or ETV5 have been identified in 40% to 70% of prostate cancers. Here, we used a comprehensive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) split probe strategy interrogating all 27 ETS family members and their five known 5' fusion partners in a cohort of 110 clinically localized prostate cancer patients. Gene rearrangements were only identified in ETS genes that were previously implicated in prostate cancer gene fusions including ERG, ETV1, and ETV4 (43%, 5%, and 5%, respectively), suggesting that a substantial fraction of prostate cancers (estimated at 30-60%) cannot be attributed to an ETS gene fusion. Among the known 5' gene fusion partners, TMPRSS2 was rearranged in 47% of cases followed by SLC45A3, HNRPA2B1, and C15ORF21 in 2%, 1%, and 1% of cases, respectively. Based on this comprehensive FISH screen, we have made four noteworthy observations. First, by screening the entire ETS transcription factor family for rearrangements, we found that a large fraction of prostate cancers (44%) cannot be ascribed to an ETS gene fusion, an observation which will stimulate research into identifying recurrent non-ETS aberrations in prostate cancers. Second, we identified SLC45A3 as a novel 5' fusion partner of ERG; previously, TMPRSS2 was the only described 5' partner of ERG. Third, we identified two prostate-specific, androgen-induced genes, FLJ35294 and CANT1, as 5' partners to ETV1 and ETV4. Fourth, we identified a ubiquitously expressed, androgen-insensitive gene, DDX5, fused in frame with ETV4, leading to the expression of a DDX5-ETV4 fusion protein.
Abstract 2150: engEx: A novel exosome engineering platform enabling targeted transfer of pharmacological molecules (2019)

Exosomes are natural and abundant nanoscale vesicles for intercellular communication, capable of transferring biological instructions between neighboring and distant cell types. Translational research efforts have focused on exploiting this communication mechanism to deliver exogenous pharmacologic payloads to treat a variety of diseases including cancer. Functionalization of the exosome surface with proteins and peptides is an important strategy to maximize the potential of exosomes as therapeutics. Comparative proteomic analysis (LC/MS) of stringently purified exosomes led to the identification of several highly enriched and unique proteins, including a transmembrane glycoprotein (Protein X, PrX), belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Stable expression of PrX in a producer cell line resulted in a 200-fold increase of PrX on the secreted exosomes. Protein X was extensively characterized and the minimum structural requirements for exosome enrichment were determined. With our engExTM platform, we developed precision engineered exosome therapeutics using PrX as a scaffold to enable high-density exosome surface display of an array of structurally and biologically diverse proteins, including enzymes, antibodies, type I cytokines, and TNF superfamily members. These proteins were genetically fused to PrX and overexpressed in a producer cell. Significantly higher transgene expression on secreted exosomes was achieved compared to conventional scaffolds, including the tetraspanins CD9/CD63/CD81 and LAMP2B. Oligomerization of PrX coupled with avidity effects inherent in exosome surface display resulted in a clear activity advantage compared to free protein. Protein X-mediated display of CD40L on exosomes resulted in a 20-fold potency increase in B cell activation over recombinant CD40L. Furthermore, expression of CD40L redirected exosome uptake from phagocytic antigen presenting cells (APCs) to B cells, demonstrating exosome surface modifications can alter cellular tropism. We also evaluated the functionality of IL-12 tethered to the exosome surface and demonstrated superior tumor retention compared to free cytokine, resulting in robust anti-tumor activity in anti-PD-1 refractory B16F10 tumor models. These results demonstrate the potential of the engExTM platform to generate novel exosome therapeutics.Citation Format: Kevin Dooley, Ke Xu, Sonya Haupt, Nuruddeen Lewis, Rane Harrison, Shelly Martin, Christine McCoy, Chang Ling Sia, Su Chul Jang, Katherine Kirwin, Russell McConnell, Bryan Choi, Adam T. Boutin, Damian Houde, Jorge Sanchez-Salazar, Agata Villiger-Oberbek, Kyriakos D. Economides, John D. Kulman, Sriram Sathyanarayanan. engEx: A novel exosome engineering platform enabling targeted transfer of pharmacological molecules [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2150.
Optimal Low-Drag Wing Planforms for Tractor-Configuration Propeller-Driven Aircraft (2015)

This paper proposes novel wing planforms that reduce induced drag by exploiting the slipstream in aircraft driven by propellers in tractor configuration. The novel planforms are determined by optimization through an extended lifting-line theory that accounts for slipstream effects and an optimizer that includes the option of using an appropriate number of Bézier polynomial weights as control parameters describing wing planform. The optimization package written for the purpose (PROWING) minimizes a user-selected cost function, subject to a wide class of geometric and mechanical constraints on such variables as root chord, tip chord, span, wing area, bounds on wing twist and chord, airfoil profiles, root bending moment, etc. A general feature of the optimal wing planforms so generated is that the chords are shorter within the slipstream and longer on either side of it. For a wing of aspect ratio 12 and prescribed wing area, PROWING predicts that an optimal planform can reduce induced drag by about 9.15%, with a maximum local wing chord variation of about 37% over a conventional reference wing. PROWING-based optimal planforms have been assessed in two ways: 1) by an Euler code that includes a blade-element theory module for the propeller and accounts for the aerodynamic effect of the propeller slipstream on wing planform; and 2) by a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation coupled to the blade-element theory module. Both assessments confirm that the class of planforms proposed here reduce drag but with slight differences, which is not unexpected because of the different assumptions underlying the different methods.
The Role of Vacancies in the Aging of Al-Mg-Si Alloys (2014)

In this paper the role of vacancies in the aging of Al-Mg-Si alloys is examined and novel concepts to improve their aging behavior are presented. It has been proposed that the technologically favored fast nucleation of the major hardening phase during artificial aging requires quenched-in vacancy assisted diffusion. The well-known interdependence of natural aging and subsequent artificial in Al-Mg-Si alloys can be understood in terms of quenched-in vacancy trapping in Mg/Si-clusters formed during natural aging. Diffusion during artificial aging is then determined by the dissolution of these vacancy-containing Mg/Si-clusters. This simple concept can guide the development of strategies to avoid the negative effect of natural aging. It is shown that the aging behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloys can be improved not only by processing related measures, but also by compositional interventions, which apply the following recipe: (i) avoid the trapping of vacancies in Mg/Si-clusters, (ii) prevent the vacancy annihilation during RT, and (iii) make them available for diffusion during artificial aging. It is shown that this strategy can be executed in Al-Mg-Si alloys by adding defined trace amounts of elements with an attractive binding energy to vacancies and sufficient solubility in the aluminum matrix.