gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Neural Oscillatory Synchronization: A Comparison between Spectral Coherence and Phase-Locking Value Approaches (2016)

Synchronization or phase-locking between oscillating neuronal groups is considered to be important for coordination of information among cortical networks. Spectral coherence is a commonly used approach to quantify phase locking between neural signals. We systematically explored the validity of spectral coherence measures for quantifying synchronization among neural oscillators. To that aim, we simulated coupled oscillatory signals that exhibited synchronization dynamics using an abstract phase-oscillator model as well as interacting gamma-generating spiking neural networks. We found that, within a large parameter range, the spectral coherence measure deviated substantially from the expected phase-locking. Moreover, spectral coherence did not converge to the expected value with increasing signal-to-noise ratio. We found that spectral coherence particularly failed when oscillators were in the partially (intermittent) synchronized state, which we expect to be the most likely state for neural synchronization. The failure was due to the fast frequency and amplitude changes induced by synchronization forces. We then investigated whether spectral coherence reflected the information flow among networks measured by transfer entropy (TE) of spike trains. We found that spectral coherence failed to robustly reflect changes in synchrony-mediated information flow between neural networks in many instances. As an alternative approach we explored a phase-locking value (PLV) method based on the reconstruction of the instantaneous phase. As one approach for reconstructing instantaneous phase, we used the Hilbert Transform (HT) preceded by Singular Spectrum Decomposition (SSD) of the signal. PLV estimates have broad applicability as they do not rely on stationarity, and, unlike spectral coherence, they enable more accurate estimations of oscillatory synchronization across a wide range of different synchronization regimes, and better tracking of synchronization-mediated information flow among networks.
Exploring benzoxaborole derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a structural and computational analysis reveals their conformational variability as a tool to increase enzyme selectivity. (2019)

Recent studies identified the benzoxaborole moiety as a new zinc-binding group able to interact with carbonic anhydrase (CA) active site. Here, we report a structural analysis of benzoxaboroles containing urea/thiourea groups, showing that these molecules are very versatile since they can bind the enzyme assuming different binding conformations and coordination geometries of the catalytic zinc ion. In addition, theoretical calculations of binding free energy were performed highlighting the key role of specific residues for protein-inhibitor recognition. Overall, these data are very useful for the development of new inhibitors with higher selectivity and efficacy for various CAs.
Insulation failure prediction in AC machines using line-neutral voltages (1998)

This paper presents a novel technique to detect insulation failure in polyphase AC machines. The machine must be star connected and have the neutral accessible. The mathematical theory of the technique is provided and supported by an experimental validation-turn faults in the stator of an induction machine are detected from the algebraic sum of the three instantaneous line-neutral voltages. However, this voltage sum contains undesirable frequencies that decrease the sensitivity of the scheme. Bandpass filtering the voltage sum (around the fundamental) optimizes sensitivity by removing the harmonics that arise from core saturation, slot harmonics, etc. The design of the scheme makes it practically immune to false alarms attributable to varying load conditions, operating temperatures and source voltage perturbations. It is shown that this technique is simpler in both theory and practice than other techniques based upon accurate calculations of sequence voltages and currents. The simplicity of this technique permits a low-cost implementation to flag a turn fault within a few cycles of the fundamental machine excitation.
Preformulation Studies for Tablet Formulation Development (2008)

Orally administered tablets are expected to be robust enough to withstand the rigors ofmanufacturing, packaging, and shipping, but readily disintegrate in the GI tract, and presentthe drug substance for rapid and complete dissolution and absorption from the GI tract.Additionally, the tablets should have an acceptable shelf-life. The tablet manufacturabilityand performance are dependent, among other things, on the physicochemical properties ofthe drug substance. A comprehensive characterization of the drug substance is necessaryrational formulation development. The characterization of the physicochemical andmechanical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is referred to as pre-formulation. Preformulation also includes the evaluation of the compatibility of the APIwith potential excipients. During the drug development process, a general evaluation ofphysicochemical properties of a chemical compound is performed, with a goal of ascer-taining its druggability. Additional studies, related to tablet dosage form development, arefocused on specific properties relevant to this dosage form. The desired properties, from acommercial manufacture and product usage, include: (i) ease of manufacture, (ii) hardness with very low friability, (iii) long shelf-life, (iv) rapid disintegration, and (v) rapid dissolution. The physicochemical properties of the drug substance will be the predominantdeterminant of the shelf-life as well as the dissolution behavior of the dosage form. Indosage forms where the API is not the major formulation component, the ease of man-ufacture, hardness, and friability can usually be controlled through excipients.
Coupled-wave analysis of apodized volume gratings (2004)

This work presents the use of longitudinal refractive index modulation (apodization) in photosensitive glass for improved sidelobe suppression in volume holographic optical elements. We develop a numerical model for both uniform and apodized volume holograms based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis. We validate the model by comparison with a transmissive 1.55- mum uniform volume grating in photothermorefractive glass. We then apply our numerical model to calculate the spectral response of apodized gratings. The numerical results demonstrate that apodization of the refractive index modulation envelope improves spectral selectivity and reduces first and second-order side-lobe peaks by up to 33 and 65 dB, respectively. We suggest a method for creating apodization in volume holograms with approximately Gaussian spatial refractive index profile.
Placement of HVDC links for power grid stabilization during transients (2013)

This work concerns the planning of the future power grid. In particular, it discusses the selection of placements for High Voltage Direct Current links (HVDC) in a meshed AC power system, but the methods presented can also be applied to other controlled power system components such as Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) or Power System Stabilizers (PSS). Among the multiple competing objectives during the selection of the location for a new HVDC link, the focus is on the performance enhancement during power grid transients. A grid performance measure accounts for general disturbances occurring in the power system using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). It also includes global limitations of the power system and the HVDC links and, as required for the decision process, has a physical interpretation. The approach is illustrated with two case studies, a small power system of two areas and a larger model of the central European power grid. The achievable performance is compared to an economic measure, given by the length of evaluated DC links. The HVDC locations suggested for these systems allow for a significantly improved damping and the stabilization during transients.
An architecture for QoS data replication in network virtual environments (2003)

Predicted availability of broadband access will enable deployment of network virtual environments over the Internet. Online virtual worlds will require efficient runtime data replication solutions. This paper presents a quality of service (QoS) architecture for just-in-time data replication in network virtual environments. Quality of service is achieved by predicting the load and adapting to network traffic variations. Data is prefetched at the client based on network traffic estimates and viewpoint navigation prediction. QoS negotiation allows the server to control the network resources allocated per client. Experimental results show that QoS data replication can be implemented with reasonably small network and sever overload.
Levonorgestrel versus the "Yuzpe" regimen. New choices in emergency contraception. (1999)

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at 21 centers in 14 countries compared the effectiveness and side effects of the traditional Yuzpe method of emergency contraception (200 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg of levonorgestrel divided into 2 equal doses) and levonorgestrel alone (2 doses of 0.75 mg each). 1955 women (979 in the Yuzpe group and 976 in the levonorgestrel group) completed the study. 42 women had subsequent pregnancies, although at least 4 women were pregnant at the time of treatment. The pregnancy rate was 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-2.0) for the levonorgestrel group and 3.2% (95% CI, 2.2-3.5) for the Yuzpe regimen. The relative risk of pregnancy was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18-0.70). Levonorgestrel prevented 85% of expected pregnancies while the Yuzpe method prevented only 57%. Efficacy increased when the regimen was initiated within 24 hours and decreased as the time after unprotected intercourse approached 72 hours. Women in the levonorgestrel group reported less nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fatigue than their counterparts in the Yuzpe group. Overall, 57% of women started bleeding within 3 days of their expected menses and the mean duration of menses of 4.7 days in both groups. Results of this study support use of levonorgestrel alone as an alternative for emergency contraception.
Hybrid integration technologies using the planar lightwave circuit platform (2002)

We have described two high-performance hybrid integrated modules for the broadcast-and-select photonic ATM switching node. The requirements for the modules were achieved using hybrid integration technologies that employ the PLC platform. The 8-channel optical wavelength selector module obtained precise waveguide length control and low optical crosstalk by direct PLC-PLC attachment and hybrid integration of the SS-SOA arrays on the PLC platform.
BIOGLYPH: biometric identification in pervasive environments (2006)

Despite the wide appreciation of biometric principles in security applications, biometric solutions are far from being affordable and available "on demand" anytime and anywhere. Many security biometric solutions require dedicated devices for data acquisition delaying their deployment and limiting the scope. This paper introduces a system developed to identify and authenticate individuals based on their signatures and/or handwriting. The issues of pervasive services are addressed (i) by integrating unique data acquisition and processing techniques which are capable of communicating with a variety of off-the-shelf devices such as pressure sensitive pens, mice, and touch pads, and (ii) by using the self-learning database solutions for achieving accurate results. Aiming to show the architecture of a pervasive biometric system, this paper does not go into technical details of methods and structures.
In vivo three-dimensional spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging for monitoring nanoparticle delivery (2011)

In vivo monitoring of nanoparticle delivery is essential to better understand cellular and molecular interactions of nanoparticles with tissue and to better plan nanoparticle-mediated therapies. We developed a three-dimensional ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) imaging system and a spectroscopic PA imaging algorithm to identify and quantify the presence of nanoparticles and other tissue constituents. Using the developed system and approach, three-dimensional in vivo imaging of a mouse with tumor was performed before and after intravenous injection of gold nanorods. The developed spectroscopic PA imaging algorithm estimated distribution of nanoparticle as well as oxygen saturation of blood. Moreover, silver staining of excised tumor tissue confirmed nanoparticle deposition, and showed good correlation with spectroscopic PA images. The results of our study suggest that three-dimensional ultrasound-guided spectroscopic PA imaging can monitor nanoparticle delivery in vivo.
A time for capital guarantee products? : investments (2006)

Extracted from text ... 2 October 2006 Moneyweb's PERSONAL FINANCE 
EVERY so often, financial services 
providers cook up a new product 
that offers its investors some sort of 
capital guarantee. The products are 
popular because they prey on 
investors' fear that they might lose 
money through a direct bet on the 
market. 
As the market climbs higher 
and higher, the possibility of a 
major crash seems to get higher. 
And the crash in global markets 
that happened in May is a stark 
reminder that share prices are 
unpredictable and volatile. 
Structured products with capital 
guarantees ensure that you won't 
lose your capital, but ..
Why Logical Clocks are Easy (2016)

Any computing system can be described as executing sequences of actions, with an action being any relevant change in the state of the system. For example, reading a file to memory, modifying the contents of the file in memory, or writing the new contents to the file are relevant actions for a text editor. In a distributed system, actions execute in multiple locations; in this context, actions are often called events. Examples of events in distributed systems include sending or receiving messages, or changing some state in a node. Not all events are related, but some events can cause and influence how other, later events occur. For example, a reply to a received mail message is influenced by that message, and maybe by prior messages received.
Ruggedness and reliability of the 2.5 kV-1.8 kA power pack IGBT with a novel multi-collector structure (2002)

A 2.5k V-1.8 kA advanced type power pack IGBT has been developed using an original multi-collector structure. From this multi-collector structure, we can drastically reduce the thermal stress occurring during the power cycling test. In addition to the mechanical ruggedness, the high turn-off capability of collector current I/sub c/=6600 A, peak collector voltage V/sub c(peak)/=2400 V, junction temperature T/sub j/=125/spl deg/C and the wide SCSOA of V/sub cc/=1800 V, I/sub c/=10000 A, T/sub j/=125/spl deg/C, t/sub w/=15 /spl mu/s are realized. This high electrical ruggedness is obtained by decreasing the operational imbalance between chips.
Theoretical analysis of the evolution from ignition kernel to flame ball and planar flame (2007)

Dynamics of flame kernel evolution with and without external energy addition has been investigated analytically and numerically. Emphasis is placed on the effects of radiation heat loss, ignition power and Lewis number on the correlation and transition between the initial flame kernel, the self-extinguishing flame, the flame ball, the outwardly propagating spherical flame and the propagating planar flame. The present study extends previous results by bridging the theories of the non-adiabatic stationary flame balls and travelling flames and allowing rigorous consideration of radiation heat losses. The results show that the effects of radiation heat loss play an important role in flame regimes and flame transition and result in a new isolated self-extinguishing flame. Furthermore, it is found that radiation heat losses significantly increase the critical ignition radius and result in three different dependences of the minimum ignition power on the Lewis number. Comparisons between the results from the transient numerical simulation and those from the quasi-steady state analysis show a good agreement. The results suggest that prediction of flame initiation without appropriate consideration of radiation is not acceptable.
Mammalian p55CDC Mediates Association of the Spindle Checkpoint Protein Mad2 with the Cyclosome/Anaphase-promoting Complex, and is Involved in Regulating Anaphase Onset and Late Mitotic Events (1998)

We have investigated the function of p55CDC, a mammalian protein related to Cdc20 and Hct1/Cdh1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Fizzy and Fizzy-related in Drosophila. Immunofluorescence studies and expression of a p55CDC-GFP chimera demonstrate that p55CDC is concentrated at the kinetochores in M phase cells from late prophase to telophase. Some p55CDC is also associated with the spindle microtubules and spindle poles, and some is diffuse in the cytoplasm. At anaphase, the concentration of p55CDC at the kinetochores gradually diminishes, and is gone by late telophase. In extracts prepared from M phase, but not from interphase HeLa cells, p55CDC coimmunoprecipitates with three important elements of the M phase checkpoint machinery: Cdc27, Cdc16, and Mad2. p55CDC is required for binding Mad2 with the Cdc27 and Cdc16. Thus, it is likely that p55CDC mediates the association of Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex. Microinjection of anti-p55CDC antibody into mitotic mammalian cells induces arrest or delay at metaphase, and impairs progression of late mitotic events. These studies suggest that mammalian p55CDC may be part of a regulatory and targeting complex for the anaphase-promoting complex.
A recurrent de novo mutation in TMEM106B causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (2017)

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of disorders with a clinical presentation that often includes early-onset nystagmus, ataxia and spasticity and a wide range of severity. Using next-generation sequencing techniques and GeneMatcher, we identified four unrelated patients with brain hypomyelination, all with the same recurrent dominant mutation, c.754G>A p.(Asp252Asn), in TMEM106B. The mutation was confirmed as de novo in three of the cases, and the mildly affected father of the fourth affected individual was confirmed as mosaic for this variant. The protein encoded by TMEM106B is poorly characterized but is reported to have a role in regulation of lysosomal trafficking. Polymorphisms in TMEM106B are thought to modify disease onset in frontotemporal dementia, but its relation to myelination is not understood. Clinical presentation in three of the four patients is remarkably benign compared to other hypomyelinating disorders, with congenital nystagmus and mild motor delay. These findings add TMEM106B to the growing list of genes causing hypomyelinating disorders and emphasize the essential role lysosomes play in myelination.
CQI adjustment for eICIC scheme in heterogeneous networks (2012)

This paper investigates the channel quality indicator (CQI) adjustment for enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) scheme in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In the eICIC scheme, the user equipments (UEs) in the protected cells (either small or macro cells) experience different interference levels due to the almost blank subframes (ABSs) configured at aggressor eNBs (macro or small cell eNBs). In order to reduce the signaling overhead of the CQI report for both of the subframe types, we propose to adjust the reported CQIs of the UEs in protected cells by estimating the interference from the aggressor eNBs. The CQI adjustment requirement will be determined by comparing the types of subframes where the CQI is measured and used. The interference can be estimated either with UE position information or without UE position information. The latter one is applicable only in the scenario where macro eNBs are aggressors. Simulation results show that the CQI adjustment can improve the UE performance and achieve close gain compared with the two-CQI report method.
Treatment of Invasive Brain Tumors Using a Chain-like Nanoparticle (2015)

Glioblastoma multiforme is generally recalcitrant to current surgical and local radiotherapeutic approaches. Moreover, systemic chemotherapeutic approaches are impeded by the blood-tumor barrier. To circumvent limitations in the latter area, we developed a multicomponent, chain-like nanoparticle that can penetrate brain tumors, composed of three iron oxide nanospheres and one drug-loaded liposome linked chemically into a linear chain-like assembly. Unlike traditional small-molecule drugs or spherical nanotherapeutics, this oblong-shaped, flexible nanochain particle possessed a unique ability to gain access to and accumulate at glioma sites. Vascular targeting of nanochains to the αvβ3 integrin receptor resulted in a 18.6-fold greater drug dose administered to brain tumors than standard chemotherapy. By 2 hours after injection, when nanochains had exited the blood stream and docked at vascular beds in the brain, the application of an external low-power radiofrequency field was sufficient to remotely trigger rapid drug release. This effect was produced by mechanically induced defects in the liposomal membrane caused by the oscillation of the iron oxide portion of the nanochain. In vivo efficacy studies conducted in two different mouse orthotopic models of glioblastoma illustrated how enhanced targeting by the nanochain facilitates widespread site-specific drug delivery. Our findings offer preclinical proof-of-concept for a broadly improved method for glioblastoma treatment.
An analysis of user input to an X.500 white pages directory service (1995)

This paper analyzes user input to an X.500-based white pages directory service. The motivation for this study is that we can only optimize querying algorithms if we know what sort of queries people make. For example, do people mostly enter forenames and surnames, or surnames only; do people usually enter long organization names or sets of initials; do users enter the two-letter country codes. An area of key interest is how closely the names in users' queries correspond to directory names, as this helps us to determine the types of operation we need to resolve queries. The analysis is both for typed input, where the user is prompted for a set of name components, and also for input in the user-friendly name (UFN) format. We see that the free format of UFN's makes it much harder for users to frame queries which are likely to be successful. We see that while there is poor correspondence between user input and directory distinguished names, much of the user input can be matched exactly with names in the directory, due to the use of alternative names. A number of suggestions are made for transforming user input to increase the chances of finding the target entries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>