gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versatile Synthesis of Luminescent Tetradentate Cyclometalated Alkynylgold(III) Complexes and Their Application in Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2016)

Abstract A new class of cyclometalated tetradentate alkynylgold(III) complexes has been successfully synthesized by post‐synthetic modification. Through the judicious design and choice of pincer ligands, post‐synthetic cyclization could be achieved to produce the robust and structurally rigid class of tetradentate gold(III) C^N^C^C complexes with high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.49 in solution and 0.78 in doped thin films at room temperature, at least an order of magnitude higher than those of the structurally related uncyclized tridentate alkynylgold(III) analogues. High‐performance yellow to orange‐red emitting solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices have also been achieved with external quantum efficiency of 11.1 %. This work describes for the first time of the use of post‐synthetic ligand modification approach to overcome the synthetic challenge for tetradentate alkynylgold(III) complexes.
Avanex TM Unique Endophyte Technology--Bird Deterrent Endophytic Grass for Amenity Turf and Airports (2013)

Bird strike is recognised throughout the civil and military aviation industries as a significant cost with more than $US 2 billion/year attributed to this problem globally. To manage this risk the aviation industries have in the past adopted many practices to frighten wildlife from airports rather than reducing the attractiveness of the area by grass habitat management. There has been little proven research on ground cover species evaluation using fungal endophyte to reduce wildlife. Our research has shown that the adoption of a specialist Neotyphodium fungal endophyte (strain AR601) placed in a turf type tall fescue cv. Jackal (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), is reducing bird numbers and strike rates on the test airfields under study. In the recreational industry, large birds such as Canada geese (Branta canadensis), which forage on tender new shoots and stems, can cause severe damage to turf with the added issue of faecal contamination and associated heath issues. The inoculation of another specialist endophyte (strain AR95) into a turf type ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cv. Colosseum offers another tool to reduce this problem. This paper reviews the results from trials of these selected turf type grasses containing the unique fungal endophytes and shows effects on herbivorous, insectivorous and omnivorous birds that visit airfields and surrounding parklands for foraging. Specialty endophyte grasses may also have a place in the viticulture and horticulture industries to reduce the use of insecticides. Extracts and mulches offer a new opportunity to use grass endophyte associations.
LDL receptor deficiency or apoE mutations prevent remnant clearance and induce hypertriglyceridemia in mice (2005)

We have used adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and bolus injection of purified apolipoprotein E (apoE) in mice to determine the contribution of LDL receptor family members in the clearance of apoE-containing lipoproteins in vivo and the factors that trigger hypertriglyceridemia. A low dose [5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu)] of an adenovirus expressing apoE4 did not normalize plasma cholesterol levels of apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) x low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLr(-/-)) mice and induced hypertriglyceridemia. A similar phenotype of combined dyslipidemia was induced in apoE(-/-) or apoE(-/-) x LDLr(-/-) mice after infection with a low dose (4 x 10(8) pfu) of an adenovirus expressing the apoE4[R142V/R145V] mutant previously shown to be defective in receptor binding. In contrast, a low dose of 5 x 10(8) pfu of the apoE4-expressing adenovirus corrected hypercholesterolemia in apoE(-/-) mice and did not trigger hypertriglyceridemia. Bolus injection of purified apoE in apoE(-/-) x LDLr(-/-) mice did not clear plasma cholesterol levels and induced mild hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, similar injection of apoE in apoE(-/-) mice cleared plasma cholesterol and caused transiently mild hypertriglyceridemia. These findings suggest that a) the LDL receptor alone can account for the clearance of apoE-containing lipoproteins in mice, and the contribution of other receptors is minimal, and b) defects in either the LDL receptor or in apoE that affect its interactions with the LDL receptor, increase the sensitivity to apoE-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice.
Cognitive and Temperament Predictors of Executive Ability: Principles for Developing Leadership Capacity (1993)

This report completes phase I of a small business innovative research effort to measure and enhance cognitive skills. Prior research suggests that effective application of cognitive capacities is a crucial requirement for high- level organizational leadership. Skill in solving ill-defined problems is also important. Because problem situations often require novel approaches, their solutions necessitate creative input. This report describes research to identify cognitive skill and temperament factors that contribute to executive performance and to develop measures for them. A taxonomy was developed that had 13 leadership behavior dimensions related to discretionary and creative problem solving. Three validation studies of this taxonomy were conducted. Sixty-five cognitive and temperament predictors of executive ability were derived from the taxonomy and organized into 11 dimensions: general cognitive intelligence, creativity, crystallized cognitive skills, adaptability/ego resiliency, openness/curiosity, self-awareness, achievement, need for dominance, commitment to social systems, practical intelligence, and social intelligence . Two studies of the validity of the taxonomy were done, the first using background data instruments and the second using critical incidents. The report describes this research and provides the infrastructure required for programmatic interventions targeting the development of these capacities and recommendations for follow-up research to evaluate the interventions.... Leadership, Cognitive skills, Leader development, Background data, Measurement.
Aminonaphthalenesulfonamides, a new class of modifiable fluorescent detecting groups and their use in substrates for serine protease enzymes (1992)

A series of new compounds, 6-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonamides (ANSN), were used as fluorescent detecting groups for substrates of amidases. These compounds have a high quantum fluorescent yield, and the sulfonyl moiety permits a large range of chemical modification. Fifteen ANSN substrates with the structure (N alpha-Z)Arg-ANSNR1R2 were synthesized and evaluated for their reactivity with 8 proteases involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Thrombin, activated protein C, and urokinase rapidly hydrolyzed substrates with monosubstituted sulfonamide moieties (R1 = H). The maximum rate of substrate homologue). The hydrolysis rates for substrates with branched substituents were slower than their linear analogues. Monosubstituted (N alpha-Z)Arg-ANSNR1R2 possessing cyclohexyl or benzyl groups in the sulfonamide moiety were hydrolyzed by these three enzymes at rates similar to that of the n-butyl homologue (except the cyclohexyl compound for u-PA). Factor Xa rapidly hydrolyzed substrates with short alkyl chains, especially when R1 = R2 = CH3 or C2H5. Lys-plasmin and rt-PA demonstrated low activity with these compounds, and the best results were accomplished for monosubstituted compounds when R2 = benzyl (for both enzymes). Factor VIIa and factor IXa beta exhibited no activity with these substrates. A series of 14 peptidyl ANSN substrates were synthesized, and their reactivity for the same 8 enzymes was evaluated. Thrombin, factor Xa, APC, and Lys-plasmin hydrolyzed all of the substrates investigated. Urokinase, rt-PA, and factor IXa beta exhibited reactivity with a more limited group of substrates, and factor VIIa hydrolyzed only one compound (MesD-LGR-ANSN(C2H5)2). The substrate ZGGRR-ANSNH (cyclo-C6H11) showed considerable specificity for APC in comparison with other enzymes (kcat/KM = 19,300 M-1 s-1 for APC, 1560 for factor IIa, and 180 for factor Xa). This kinetic advantage in substrate hydrolysis was utilized to evaluate the activation of protein C by thrombin in a continuous assay format. Substrate (D-LPR-ANSNHC3H7) was used to evaluate factor IX activation by the factor VIIa/tissue factor enzymatic complex in a discontinuous assay. A comparison between the commercially available substrate chromozyme TH (p-nitroanilide) and the ANSN substrate with the same peptide sequence (TosGPR) demonstrated that aminonaphthalenesulfonamide increased the specificity (kcat/KM) of substrate hydrolysis by thrombin more than 30 times, with respect to factor Xa substrate hydrolysis.
De Novo Designed Amphipathic α-Helical Antimicrobial Peptides Incorporating Dab and Dap Residues on the Polar Face To Treat the Gram-Negative Pathogen, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (2019)

We have designed de novo and synthesized ten 26-residue D-conformation amphipathic α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), seven with "specificity determinants", which provide specificity for prokaryotic cells over eukaryotic cells. The ten AMPs contain five or six positively charged residues (d-Arg, d-Lys, d-Orn, l-Dab, or l-Dap) on the polar face to understand their role in hemolytic activity against human red blood cells and antimicrobial activity against seven Acinetobacter baumannii strains, resistant to polymyxin B and colistin, and 20 A. baumannii worldwide isolates from 2016 and 2017 with antibiotic resistance to 18 different antibiotics. AMPs with specificity determinants and with l-Dab and l-Dap residues on the polar face have essentially no hemolytic activity at 1000 μg/mL (380 μM), showing for the first time the importance of these unusual amino acid residues in solving long-standing hemolysis issues of AMPs. Specificity determinants maintained excellent antimicrobial activity in the presence of human sera.
Identification of a Metabolically Stable Triazolopyrimidine-Based Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor with Antimalarial Activity in Mice (2009)

Plasmodium falciparum causes 1-2 million deaths annually. Yet current drug therapies are compromised by resistance. We previously described potent and selective triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitors of P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) that inhibited parasite growth in vitro; however, they showed no activity in vivo. Here we show that lack of efficacy against P. berghei in mice resulted from a combination of poor plasma exposure and reduced potency against P. berghei DHODH. For compounds containing naphthyl (DSM1) or anthracenyl (DSM2), plasma exposure was reduced upon repeated dosing. Phenyl-substituted triazolopyrimidines were synthesized leading to identification of analogs with low predicted metabolism in human liver microsomes and which showed prolonged exposure in mice. Compound 21 (DSM74), containing p-trifluoromethylphenyl, suppressed growth of P. berghei in mice after oral administration. This study provides the first proof of concept that DHODH inhibitors can suppress Plasmodium growth in vivo, validating DHODH as a new target for antimalarial chemotherapy.
Informatics in Radiology: Electronic Cleansing for Noncathartic CT Colonography: A Structure-Analysis Scheme (2010)

Computed tomographic (CT) colonography performed after tagging of fecal matter but without a cathartic agent, or noncathartic CT colonography (also known as laxative-free CT colonography), is regarded as a promising next-generation technique for reducing or eliminating the discomfort associated with cathartic bowel preparation, which is the major barrier to undergoing colon cancer screening. Electronic cleansing is an emerging technique for the removal of tagged fecal materials from CT colonographic images. Three major electronic cleansing artifacts--soft-tissue degradation, pseudo-soft-tissue structures, and incomplete cleansing--severely impair the quality of electronically cleansed noncathartic CT colonographic images and limit the diagnostic utility of this modality. A structure-analysis electronic cleansing scheme was developed that makes use of local morphologic information to identify submerged colonic soft-tissue structures while removing the tagged material. Combined with other cutting-edge image processing techniques, including local roughness analysis, mosaic decomposition, and level set segmentation, structure-analysis cleansing helps eliminate the aforementioned artifacts, providing diagnostic-quality cleansed CT colonographic images for the detection of colon cancer. Noncathartic CT colonography with the application of structure-analysis cleansing is expected to help promote CT colonography as a patient-friendly method of colorectal cancer screening.
PSA and PSA-based optical regeneration for extending the reach of spectrally efficient advanced modulation formats (2015)

We investigated various PSA schemes for phase regeneration and compared applicability to QPSK and higher-level formats. We demonstrated a polarization-diversity PSA to support a dual-polarization signal. Optical parametric amplifier may be one of the solutions to squeezing amplitude noise.
The expression of mutant epidermal keratin cDNAs transfected in simple epithelial and squamous cell carcinoma lines. (1987)

We have deleted cDNA sequences encoding portions of the carboxy-terminal end of a human type I epidermal keratin K14, and examined the molecular consequences of forcing the expression of these mutants in simple epithelial and squamous cell carcinoma lines. To follow the expression of our mutant products in transfected cells, we have tagged the 3' end of the K14 coding sequence with a sequence encoding an antigenic domain of the neuropeptide substance P. Using DNA transfection and immunohistochemistry (with an antibody against substance P), we have identified a collection of mutants that have a wide range of morphological effects on the endogenous keratin filament networks of transfected cells. Mutants that are missing most of the nonhelical carboxy-terminal domain of K14 incorporate into the endogenous keratin filaments without any visible perturbations on the network. In contrast, mutants that are missing as few as 10 of the 310 amino acids of the central alpha-helical domain of the polypeptide cause gross alterations in the keratin network. In some cases, the entire cytoskeletal network of keratins was disrupted, leaving no evidence of 8-nm filaments. These results reveal the existence of a dynamic exchange between newly synthesized subunits and preexisting keratin filaments.
Cloning, expression and tissue distribution of the murine homologue of the melanocyte lineagespecific antigen gp100 (1997)

Melanocyte lineage-specific antigens, like gp100, have been shown to be recognized by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from melanoma patients. Therefore these antigens might be used as targets for specific anti-melanoma immunotherapy. To investigate this potential in syngeneic mouse models, we cloned and characterized the murine homologue of gp100 from a B16 murine melanoma cDNA library. The isolated cDNA clone encodes a protein of 626 amino acids, sharing 79.7% sequence homology with human gp100. Expression of murine gp100 was restricted to cells of the melanocyte lineage, as determined by Northern and Western analysis. However, like human gp100, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed low levels of transcription of the murine gp100 gene in all the cell lines and normal tissues tested. In contrast, murine tyrosinase, another melanocyte differentiation antigen, mimics human tyrosinase expression and did show absolute melanocyte lineage-specific expression. The characterization of murine gp100 will allow investigation of anti-gp100 immune responses in C57BL/6 mice using the syngeneic B16 tumour model and the possible adverse effects of such immunity on normal melanocytes.
Design and characterization of a spatially distributed multibeam field emission x‐ray source for stationary digital breast tomosynthesis (2009)

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a limited angle computed tomography technique that can distinguish tumors from its overlying breast tissues and has potentials for detection of cancers at a smaller size and earlier stage. Current prototype DBT scanners are based on the regular full-field digital mammography systems and require partial isocentric motion of an x-ray tube over certain angular range to record the projection views. This prolongs the scanning time and, in turn, degrades the imaging quality due to motion blur. To mitigate the above limitations, the concept of a stationary DBT (s-DBT) scanner has been recently proposed based on the newly developed spatially distributed multibeam field emission x-ray (MBFEX) source technique using the carbon nanotube. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the performance of the 25-beam MBFEX source array that has been designed and fabricated for the s-DBT system. The s-DBT system records all the projection images by electronically activating the multiple x-ray beams from different viewing angles without any mechanical motion. The configuration of the MBFEX source is close to the published values from the Siemens Mammomat system. The key issues including the x-ray flux, focal spot size, spatial resolution, scanning time, beam-to-beam consistency, and reliability are evaluated using the standard procedures. In this article, the authors describe the design and performance of a distributed x-ray source array specifically designed for the s-DBT system. They evaluate the emission current, current variation, lifetime, and focal spot sizes of the source array. An emission current of up to 18 mA was obtained at 0.5 x 0.3 mm effective focal spot size. The experimentally measured focal spot sizes are comparable to that of a typical commercial mammography tube without motion blurring. Trade-off between the system spatial resolution, x-ray flux, and scanning time are also discussed. Projection images of a breast phantom were collected using the x-ray source array from 25 different viewing angles without motion. These preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed s-DBT scanner. The technology has the potential to increase the resolution and reduce the imaging time for DBT. With the present design of 25 views, they demonstrated experimentally the feasibility of achieving 11 s scanning time at full detector resolution with 0.5 x 0.3 mm source resolution without motion blur. The flexibility in configuration of the x-ray source array will also allow system designers to consider imaging geometries that are difficult to achieve with the conventional single-source rotating approach.
Tenidap, in contrast to several available nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, potently inhibits the release of activated neutrophil collagenase (1991)

Neutrophils contain a collagenase that is stored in a latent form within the specific granule. With cellular activation, the latent enzyme is activated in association with the production of a variety of oxidants, including hypochlorous acid. We evaluated 4 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) currently on the market and the new antiinflammatory/antirheumatic drug tenidap for their effects on the release of activated collagenase. In contrast to the 4 NSAIDs, tenidap profoundly inhibited the release of activated collagenase. This inhibition was predominantly due to interference with activation of the latent enzyme, rather than interference with enzyme release. The inhibition of collagenase activation was associated with a profound reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and in hypochlorous acid production. These observations demonstrate that tenidap has properties that set it apart from conventional NSAIDs and suggest that it may be a particularly useful agent in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disorders.
Integration of Asphaltenes Flocculation Modeling Into Athos Reservoir Simulator (2003)

To respond to the ever-growing needs of reservoir simulation studies in a large range of applications, it has been considered necessary to integrate an asphaltenes flocculation model into the Athos software. Athos is a multipurpose simulator which provides a lot of different physical options. Operating companies wish to have available predictive tools, allowing them to plan a reservoir production when the asphaltenic crude it contains could induce porosity and permeability reduction. These companies can thus plan pressure maintenance technologies in order to avoid risks related to asphaltenes flocculation out of the reservoir crude. In the case of deep offshore reservoirs, the economic consequences of such strategies can be of primary importance. The work presented here describes procedures which have been implemented in order to compute asphaltene flocculation conditions within the Athos software. It is thus possible to determine the amount of asphaltenes deposit at different stages of a reservoir or of a field development. This would obviously improve the knowledge of porosity and permeability variation as a result of asphaltenes flocculation, and thus lead to a more reliable evaluation of the oil production.
Recyclable, Self-Healable, and Highly Malleable Poly(urethane-urea)s with Improved Thermal and Mechanical Performances (2020)

Developing recyclable, self-healable, and highly malleable thermosets is one of the keys to relieve environmental pollution and meet our increasing demand for "greener" materials. Hindered urea bonds (HUBs) have been successfully incorporated in preparing dynamic covalent networks with those desirable properties. However, one key drawback is the low thermal stability and poor mechanical performance of previously reported systems. In this work, we demonstrated that the incorporation of aromatic moiety-containing diamine-based HUBs can greatly improve the thermal and mechanical performance of the poly(urethane-urea)s (PUUs) while still maintaining the desirable recycling, self-healing, and reprocessing properties. Studies on model compounds revealed the origin of the thermal stability and demonstrated the dynamic property. The aromatic-containing diamine-based HUBs were then used to prepare a series of catalyst-free PUUs with improved thermal and mechanical properties. The dynamic HUBs significantly reduced the relaxation timescale and allowed the PUU networks to be recycled multiple times. The healed and recycled PUUs regained most of the mechanical strength and integrity of the original material. Therefore, this unique and simple approach is expected to open up new avenues to design PUUs with optimal performance for various applications.