gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new power MOSFET model and an easy to use characterization tool using device datasheet (2013)

In this paper, we present a new power MOSFET model and an easy to use characterization tool which extracts model parameters from data available in device datasheets. The model has a good balance between accuracy and ease of parameter extraction, and covers both static and dynamic characterization. The extraction flow is streamlined with a user friendly interface. The simulation results from the extracted model are validated with datasheet results, and a good accuracy of +/-5% has been achieved.
Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola Virus Disease (the JIKI Trial): A Historically Controlled, Single-Arm Proof-of-Concept Trial in Guinea (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02329054.
Fibers from a soluble, fluorinated polyimide (1993)

Abstract Polyimide fibers have been produced from both polyamic acid and polyimide resins, derived from 2, 2‐bis (3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 2, 2‐bis (4‐4‐aminophenoxy) phenyl) hexafluoropropane, by extrusion into various aqueous organic media. Polyimide fibers obtained from polyamic acid fibers after thermal imidization exhibited round or oval cross‐sections, while fibers obtained directly from a polyimide resin had dogbone, C‐shaped, or oval cross‐sections. The effect of polymer inherent viscosity and filament production parameters on the formation of macropores within the filament will be discussed. Tensile properties of fibers, produced under various conditions, are listed and compared. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Specificity and biologic activities of novel anti-membrane IgM antibodies (2016)

The concept that the B-cell Receptor (BCR) initiates a driver pathway in lymphoma-leukemia has been clinically validated. Previously described unique BCR Ig-class-specific sequences (proximal domains (PDs)), are not expressed in serum Ig (sIg). As a consequence of sequence and structural differences in the membrane IgM (mIgM) µ-Constant Domain 4, additional epitopes distinguish mIgM from sIgM. mAbs generated to linear and conformational epitopes, restricted to mIgM and not reacting with sIgM, were generated despite the relative hydrophobicity of the PDm sequence. Anti-PD mAbs (mAb1, mAb2, and mAb3) internalize mIgM. Anti-mIgM mAb4, which recognizes a distinct non-ligand binding site epitope, mediates mIgM internalization, and in low-density cultures, growth inhibition, anti-clonogenic activity, and apoptosis. We show that mAb-mediated mIgM internalization generally does not interrupt BCR-directed cell growth, however, mAb4 binding to a non-ligand binding site in the mIgM PDm-μC4 domain induces both mIgM internalization and anti-tumor effects. BCR micro-clustering in many B-cell leukemia and lymphoma lines is demonstrated by SEM micrographs using these new mAb reagents. mAb4 is a clinical candidate as a mediator of inhibition of the BCR signaling pathway. As these agents do not bind to non-mIgM B-cells, nor cross-react to non-lymphatic tissues, they may spare B-cell/normal tissue destruction as mAb-drug conjugates.
Improvement of Squalene Production from CO<sub>2</sub> in <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942 by Metabolic Engineering and Scalable Production in a Photobioreactor (2017)

The push-and-pull strategy for metabolic engineering was successfully demonstrated in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, a model photosynthetic bacterium, to produce squalene from CO<sub>2</sub>. Squalene synthase (SQS) was fused to either a key enzyme (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway or the β-subunit of phycocyanin (CpcB1). Engineered cyanobacteria with expression of a fusion CpcB1-SQS protein showed a squalene production level (7.16 ± 0.05 mg/L/OD<sub>730</sub>) that was increased by 1.8-fold compared to that of the control strain expressing SQS alone. To increase squalene production further, the gene dosage for CpcB1·SQS protein expression was increased and the fusion protein was expressed under a strong promoter, yielding 11.98 ± 0.49 mg/L/OD<sub>730</sub> of squalene, representing a 3.1-fold increase compared to the control. Subsequently, the best squalene producer was cultivated in a scalable photobioreactor (6 L) with light optimization, which produced 7.08 ± 0.5 mg/L/OD<sub>730</sub> squalene (equivalent to 79.2 mg per g dry cell weight). Further optimization for photobioprocessing and strain development will promote the construction of a solar-to-chemical platform.
Hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies against varicella‐zoster virus (1987)

Hybridomas producing human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) were generated by fusing human splenic lymphocytes with mouse myeloma cells. Before cell fusion, lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with viral antigens and pokeweed mitogen. This combination synergistically increased the generation of VZV-specific hybridomas. Five established hybridomas have been stably producing mAb for at least 9 months. These mAb, designated V1, V2, V6, V8 and V9, were of the IgG1, lambda isotype. They bound to all 6 tested VZV strains but not to other herpes viruses, with the exception that V1 bound to herpes simplex virus (HSV) as well as VZV. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that V1, V6 and V9 recognized glycoprotein gpII, whereas V2 and V8 recognized gpI. In addition, V1 reacted with the gB glycoprotein of HSV. All these mAb neutralized viral infectivity. The neutralizations by V2 and V8 were more effective and more complement dependent than those by V1, V6 and V9. Immunofluorescence tests revealed that all these mAb bound to the surface membrane of VZV-infected cells. These results suggest that cell fusion between in vitro stimulated lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells is a reliable method for the generation of hybridomas capable of stable production of human mAb. The human mAb thus developed may provide a new means of passive immunization of humans against VZV infection.
Staggered ATPG with capture-per-cycle observation test points (2018)

This paper presents a new staggered test pattern generation scheme. It produces deterministic stimuli in the course of a test-per-clock-based process by using dedicated capture-per-cycle observation test points. These observation points, once inserted into a design, form dedicated scan chains with the capability of capturing test responses during shift cycles when other regular scan cells are loading test patterns. This new scan infrastructure enables one to generate more compact test patterns, reduce test pattern counts, systematically detect many additional faults, and keep the resultant silicon real-estate at the acceptable level. It appears that original scan cells of a design can provide good observability for staggered test patterns. Thus, capture-per-cycle observation test points are directly inserted at selected scan cells' inputs with a minimal impact on the design. Experimental results obtained for large industrial designs illustrate feasibility of the proposed ATPG and are reported herein.
Use of gene expression profile and mitotic index of metastatic melanoma lesions as an adjunct to TNM staging in predicting patient survival (2009)

9014 Background: Although remission rates for metastatic melanoma are generally very poor, some patients can survive for prolonged periods following metastasis. We used gene expression profiling of metastatic lesions to search for a molecular basis for this observation, and to develop improved methods for predicting patient survival. Methods: We analyzed gene expression profiles of 44 metastatic melanoma specimens collected from 38 patients (median follow-up of 20 months after surgery). We used the False Discovery Rate (FDR) approach to identify genes significantly associated with post-recurrence survival. We then evaluated matching H&E stained tissue samples for the presence of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and mitotic index, (MI). Support vector machines and multi-variable Cox regression analysis was used to examine the relative ability of the pre-validated gene expression predictor, TILs, MI and TNM staging to predict survival. Results: We identified a group of approximately 300 genes associated with survival. Genes associated with immune response (ICOS, CD3d, ZAP70, TRAT1, TARP, GZMK, LCK, CD2, CXCL13, CCL19, CCR7, VCAM1 etc.) or with cell proliferation (PDE4D, CDK2, GREF1, NUSAP1, SPC24 etc.) were highly represented .Prolonged survival was associated with the elevated expression of immune response genes and decreased expression of genes associated with proliferation. Furthermore, any of the three additional parameters (pre-validated gene expression signature, TILs or MI) improved the ability of TNM staging to predict post-recurrence survival; MI was the most significant contributor (HR = 2.65, p = 0.003) followed by the gene expression signature (HR = 2.71, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Gene expression profiling and MI of metastatic lesions can both be utilized to improve upon current staging of metastatic melanoma to predict patient survival. Gene expression signature and analysis of TILs indicate immune surveillance as a mechanism for prolonged survival in these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A 400MHz – 1.6GHz fast lock, jitter filtering ADDLL based burst mode memory interface (2013)

A fast lock DLL based 800Mb/s to 3.2 Gb/s burst mode memory interface is implemented. The DLL employs a two-step TDC during power up from 0mW to lock within 3 cycles with residual error <; 33 mUI. Following initial lock, the DLL operates closed-loop to compensate for V,T drift consuming 6mW @ 1.6GHz. In addition the DLL filters high frequency input jitter and corrects 20% DCD without additional correction.
Analysis of Polyurethane Foaming Flow (2005)

It is difficult to predict foaming flow processes of polyurethane resin because this resin has a peculiar property whereby the density of the resin is decreased by heat generation of the two-liquid mixture of polyol and polyisocyanate. Therefore, simulating the precise behavior of polyurethane foaming is very effective for reducing the development period and production costs of plastic foamed products. In the present study, the temperature and specific volume of polyurethane resin are measured by a visualization. The resin temperature at the thickness center increases with the advance of foaming flow and is subsequently cooled by the mold. Thus, when the thickness is large, the resin temperature is high, but the time before reaching the highest temperature becomes longer. On the other hand, experimental results indicate that the specific volume of the polyurethane resin changes with time as the wall thickness and mold temperature vary. For example, the specific volume of polyurethane resin becomes large when the wall thickness is large and the mold temperature is high. However, by non-dimensionalizing the specific volume and foaming flow termination time, all values could be arranged along one line. This allows the derivation of a density formula that is a function of wall thickness, mold temperature and time. A foaming flow simulation was then developed by applying the density formula for a foaming flow process of polyurethane resin to a 3D flow simulation program. This foaming flow simulation gives precise information, such as changes in specific volume with the progress of polyurethane resin, for a foaming flow process.
A new instrument for measuring low level linear birefringence (2000)

Summary form only given. Modern optical instruments, such as semiconductor photolithography equipment, require increasingly low levels of birefringence in lenses, masks and laser windows. Traditional techniques lack the sensitivity required, are cumbersome and time consuming and are not readily adapted for scanning a sample. Hinds Instruments has developed a highly sensitive instrument (Exicor/sup TM/) for rapid automatic scanning of samples of optical materials in two dimensions. This yields both the magnitude and direction of the "average birefringence" for each measurement point. The method employs a HeNe laser, a photoelastic modulator (PEM), calcite polarizers and photoconductive detectors in a unique 2-channel detection system. The two channels measure birefringence at two orthogonal directions 45 degrees apart, giving complete information for determination of the magnitude and direction of birefringence at each measurement point.
A Novel Copper–Hydrogen Peroxide Formulation for Prion Decontamination (2006)

With the appearance of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and the detection of infectious prions in the peripheral organs of persons with sporadic CJD, the development of decontamination methods that are compatible with medical equipment has become a major issue. Here, we show that a formulation of copper metal ions in combination with hydrogen peroxide dramatically reduces the level of prion protein (PrP)(Sc) (the scrapie isoform of PrP) present in homogenates of samples from prion-infected brains, including brain samples from humans with CJD. An animal bioassay confirmed the reduction in prion infectivity, indicating that this novel Cu(2+)-H(2)O(2) formulation has great potential for prion decontamination.
Studies on mycotrienin antibiotics, a novel class of ansamycins. III. The isolation, characterization and structures of mycotrienols I and II. (1982)

Two minor components designated mycotrienols I and II which were concurrently produced with mycotrienins I and II by Streptomyces rishiriensis T-23 were isolated and characterized. Like mycotrienins I and II, mycotrienols I and II are also interconvertible via redox reaction and their structures have been established as depicted in 3 and 4 on the basis of 13C NMR evidence along with chemical degradation. The biological activities are discussed.
035 Leptin Plays a Key Role in the Modulation of Wound Angiogenesis (2004)

Leptin is a pleiotropic cytokine constitutively expressed in adipose tissue and upregulated by hypoxia in sites of tissue injury and in the placenta. Leptin has been demonstrated to play a role in normal and pathological wound healing and it is gene is acutely expressed in experimental wounds. Angiogenesis is among the most salient and well‐documented biological actions of leptin. Therefore it was hypothesized that leptin may play in the modulation of wound neovascularization. Using a murine model of experimental wounds the modulation of wound angiogenesis was investigated by treatment of the wounds to either recombinant leptin or a neutralizing anti‐leptin antibody. The parameters measured were: a) wound blood flow using laser Doppler imaging; b) vessel density by counting the number of CD‐31 positive vessels in wound sections; c) angiogenic transcriptional profiling using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR; and d) validation of transcriptional profiling by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The treatment of wounds with leptin had a marked effect in wound blood flow that was most significant at 24hours post‐wounding with average increase of 55% with respect to the controls. The effect diminished significantly by 72 hours (24%) and became negligible thereafter. Leptin also accelerate wound neovascularization by 24 hours where the number of small caliber vessels averaged 30/mm 2 in leptin treated vessels and 13/mm 2 in the controls (n = 10; P < 0.005). However, the number of vessels measured by 72 hours not significantly different between controls and leptin‐treated wounds. In addition transcriptional profiling reveled changes in gene expression of molecules related to angiogenesis such as VEGF, PlGF, Tie‐1, Tie‐2, Flt‐1, Flk‐1, FGF‐2 and endothelial markers like CD‐31, endoglin and eNOS. Overall, time course analysis throughout the healing process showed that leptin treatment induced an early shift in the expression of many of the analyzed transcripts. The most salient changes could be observed as early as 6 hours post‐wounding and included: TSP‐1 (+8.7); FLK‐1(+9); Ang‐2 (+18); CD31(+5.3); endoglin (+7.6); eNOS (+4.2); FGF‐2 (+4.3); etc. Leptin mRNA was also significantly increased (+10) as well as the long‐form of its receptor ObR‐b (+9). Conversely, when wounds were exposed to anti‐leptin antibodies, healing progression was impaired and changes in the transcriptional profile showed diminished expression of several genes related to wound neovascularization. Some examples by 24 hours: Endoglin(−2.5); Flk‐1(−2.8); eNOS (−5.1); Ang‐2 (−5.1); CD31(−3); VEGF‐A (−3.6). In conclusion, leptin had and early and significant effect in modulating wound neovascularization. The effect of treatment of wounds with exogenous leptin did not elicit hypervascularization of the wound and appeared to only accelerate what appeared to be a self‐limited process of wound angiogenesis. Funded by a Cedars‐Sinai grant from the Skirball‐Kenis Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Methods for Sperm-Mediated Gene Transfer (2012)

The transgenic technologies represent potent biotechnological tools that allow the generation of genetically modified animals useful for basic research and for biomedical, veterinary, and agricultural applications. Among transgenic techniques, we describe here the sperm-mediated gene transfer methods that is gene transfer based on the spontaneous ability of sperm cells to bind and internalize exogenous DNA and to carry it to oocyte during fertilization, producing genetically modified animals with high efficiency.
Nanoflow Sheath Voltage-Free Interfacing of Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Small Molecules (2022)

Coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) to mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful strategy to leverage a high separation efficiency with structural identification. Traditional CE-MS interfacing relies upon voltage to drive this process. Additionally, sheathless interfacing requires that the electrophoresis generates a sufficient volumetric flow to sustain the ionization process. Vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI) is a new method to interface capillary electrophoresis to mass analyzers. In contrast to traditional interfacing, VSSI is voltage-free, making it straightforward for CE and MS. New nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is introduced in this work to reduce the reliance on the separation flow rate to facilitate the transfer of analyte to the MS. The nanoflow sheath VSSI spray ionization functions from 400 to 900 nL/min. Using the new nanoflow sheath reported here, volumetric flow rate through the separation capillary is less critical, allowing the use of a small (i.e., 20 to 25 μm) inner diameter separation capillary and enabling the use of higher separation voltages and faster analysis. Moreover, the use of a nanoflow sheath enables greater flexibility in the separation conditions. The nanoflow sheath is operated using aqueous solutions in the background electrolyte and in the sheath, demonstrating the separation can be performed under normal and reversed polarity in the presence or absence of electroosmotic flow. This includes the use of a wider pH range as well. The versatility of nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is demonstrated by separating cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic molecules under a variety of separation conditions. The detection sensitivity observed with nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is comparable to that obtained with sheathless CE-VSSI-MS as well as CE-MS separations with electrospray ionization interfacing. A bare fused silica capillary is used to separate cationic β-blockers with a near-neutral background electrolyte at concentrations ranging from 1.0 nM to 1.0 μM. Under acidic conditions, 13 amino acids are separated with normal polarity at a concentration ranging from 0.25 to 5 μM. Finally, separations of anionic compounds are demonstrated using reversed polarity under conditions of suppressed electroosmotic flow through the use of a semipermanent surface coating. With a near-neutral separation electrolyte, anionic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are detected over a concentration range of 0.1 to 5.0 μM.
Molecular characterization of human and bovine endothelin converting enzyme (ECE‐1) (1994)

A membrane-bound protease activity that specifically converts Big endothelin-1 has been purified from bovine endothelial cells (FBHE). The enzyme was cleaved with trypsin and the peptide sequencing analysis confirmed it to be a zinc chelating metalloprotease containing the typical HEXXH (HELTH) motif. RT-PCR and cDNA screens were employed to isolate the complete cDNAs of the bovine and human enzymes. This human metalloprotease was expressed heterologously in cell culture and oocytes. The catalytic activity of the recombinant enzyme is the same as that determined for the natural enzyme. The data suggest that the characterized enzyme represents the functional human endothelin converting enzyme ECE-1.
Silica‐supported (<scp><sup>n</sup>BuCp</scp>)<scp><sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub></scp>: effect of catalyst active center distribution on ethylene–1‐hexene copolymerization (2013)

Abstract Metallocenes are a modern innovation in polyolefin catalysis research. Therefore, two supported metallocene catalysts—silica/ MAO /( n BuCp ) 2 ZrCl 2 (Catalyst 1) and silica/ n BuSnCl 3 / MAO /( n BuCp ) 2 ZrCl 2 (Catalyst 2), where MAO is methylaluminoxane—were synthesized, and subsequently used to prepare, without separate feeding of MAO , ethylene–1‐hexene Copolymer 1 and Copolymer 2, respectively. Fouling‐free copolymerization, catalyst kinetic stability and production of free‐flowing polymer particles (replicating the catalyst particle size distribution) confirmed the occurrence of heterogeneous catalysis. The catalyst active center distribution was modeled by deconvoluting the measured molecular weight distribution and copolymer composition distribution. Five different active center types were predicted for each catalyst, which was corroborated by successive self‐nucleation and annealing experiments, as well as by an extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy report published in the literature. Hence, metallocenes impregnated particularly on an MAO ‐pretreated support may be rightly envisioned to comprise an ensemble of isolated single sites that have varying coordination environments. This study shows how the active center distribution and the design of supported MAO anions affect copolymerization activity, polymerization mechanism and the resulting polymer microstructures. Catalyst 2 showed less copolymerization activity than Catalyst 1. Strong chain transfer and positive co‐monomer effect—both by 1‐hexene—were common. Each copolymer demonstrated vinyl, vinylidene and trans ‐vinylene end groups, and compositional heterogeneity. All these findings were explained, as appropriate, considering the modeled active center distribution, MAO cage structure repeat units, proposed catalyst surface chemistry, segregation effects and the literature that concerns and supports this study. While doing so, new insights were obtained. Additionally, future research, along the direction of the present work, is recommended. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry