gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress-induced modulation of antigen-presenting cell function. (1991)

The effect of two means of inducing a stress response, heat and oxygen radicals, on the ability of an HLA-DR1 B-cell line to stimulate DR1-restricted and anti-DR1 auto- and alloreactive T-cell clones has been examined. Both forms of stress enhanced the ability of B cells to stimulate auto- and alloreactive T-cell clones and to present peptide to an influenza-virus specific T-cell clone. Furthermore, the ability of the B-cell line to present whole influenza virus was augmented by heat stress. The stress-induced enhancement of T-cell responses coincided with a modest increase in the cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility class II products. This was, however, insufficient to account for the observed functional effects. In contrast to these effects, presentation of whole antigen was inhibited by the oxygen radical intermediate, hydrogen peroxide (peroxide), in a dose-dependent manner. When analysed by SDS-PAGE, it was found that whilst overall protein synthesis decreased following both types of stress, increased synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSP), and in particular the 70,000 MW HSP, was only evident following heat stress. The absence of an increase in the synthesis of HSP 70, in the antigen-presenting cells (APC) following the uptake of UV-treated influenza virus, however, implied that HSP 70 induction was not necessary for the presentation of whole antigen. The effects of peroxide stress appeared to be qualitatively different in several respects. First, peroxide treatment did not cause the induction of any stress proteins; second, peroxide abolished the presentation of whole antigen. In addition, heat stress of APC was unable to protect from the adverse effects of peroxide treatment, in that cells treated sequentially with heat, followed by peroxide, were unable to present whole influenza virus. In order to determine the stage of antigen presentation at which peroxide was causing inhibition, APC were treated at varying time-points after pulsing with antigen. The kinetics of the peroxide effect paralleled those of aldehyde fixation. Taking these results together it would appear that peroxide interferes with some aspects of the antigen-processing pathway.
Majorana Zero Mode Detected with Spin Selective Andreev Reflection in the Vortex of a Topological Superconductor (2016)

Recently, theory has predicted a Majorana zero mode (MZM) to induce spin selective Andreev reflection (SSAR), a novel magnetic property which can be used to detect the MZM. Here, spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy or spectroscopy has been applied to probe SSAR of MZMs in a topological superconductor of the Bi_{2}Te_{3}/NbSe_{2} heterostructure. The zero-bias peak of the tunneling differential conductance at the vortex center is observed substantially higher when the tip polarization and the external magnetic field are parallel rather than antiparallel to each other. This spin dependent tunneling effect provides direct evidence of MZM and reveals its magnetic property in addition to the zero energy modes. Our work will stimulate MZM research on these novel physical properties and, hence, is a step towards experimental study of their statistics and application in quantum computing.
Simulating Annual Variation in Load, Wind, and Solar by Representative Hour Selection (2018)

The spatial and temporal variability of renewable generation has important economic implications for electric sector investments and system operations. This study describes a method for selecting representative hours to preserve key distributional requirements for regional load, wind, and solar time series with a two-orders-of-magnitude reduction in dimensionality. We describe the implementation of this procedure in the US-REGEN model and compare impacts on energy system decisions with more common approaches. The results demonstrate how power sector modeling and capacity planning decisions are sensitive to the representation of intra-annual variation and how our proposed approach outperforms simple heuristic selection procedures with lower resolution. The representative hour approach preserves key properties of the joint underlying hourly distributions, whereas seasonal average approaches over-value wind and solar at higher penetration levels and under-value investment in dispatchable capacity by inaccurately capturing the corresponding residual load duration curves.
Inhibition of Adhesion of Several Bacteria onto Microtiter Plate by Selected Food Additives (2011)

Adhesion inhibitory effects of food additives, such as Polylysine (PL) and Whey protein (WP), as well as Sucrose fatty acid ester (SFE) with fatty acid of C8 to C18, Monoglycerin fatty acid ester (MFE) with fatty acid of C8 to C18, Gardenia yellow pigment (GY), Monascus pigment (MP), and Protamine (PT) that had been shown to inhibit adhesion of Salmonella Enteritidis onto microtiter plate, were determined on several bacteria. Among SFE tested, adhesion of S. Typhimurium onto microtiter plate was decreased to less than 50% of the control by SFE with fatty acid of C10, C12, C14, and C16 at 0.05% and that of C18 at 0.01%. MFE with fatty acid of C8, C10, C12, C16, C18 also inhibited the adhesion to less than 50% of the control. The adhesion of S. Typhimurium was also almost completely inhibited by PT and PL at 0.01%, 0.1% MP, 0.025% WP, and 1% GY. Adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was decreased to less than 50% of the control by SFE with C8 and C16 fatty acid at 0.05%, C12 and C14 at 0.01%, 0.1% PT, 0.01% PL, and 0.025% WP, but not by 0.05% MFE tested, 1% GY, and 1% MP. Adhesion of P. fluorescens was almost completely inhibited by SFE with fatty acid of C14, C16, and C18 at 0.05, 0.005, and 0.005%, respectively, and 1% GY, 1% MP, 0.1% PT, and 1% PL, but not by MFE and WP even at 0.05 and 0.25%, respectively. Adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes was decreased to less than 50% of the control by SFE with fatty acid of C10, C12, C16, and C18 at 0.05% and by MFE with fatty acid of C10, C14, C16, and C18 at 0.05, 0.05, 0.005, and 0.005, respectively. The adhesion decreased to less than 50% of the control by 0.1% MP, 1% PT, and 1% PL, but not by 1% GY and 0.25% WP. Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus decreased to less than 50% of the control by SFE with fatty acid of C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18 at 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.005, and 0.005%, respectively. The adhesion was inhibited by more than 50% by 0.05% MFE with C8 fatty acid and by 0.005% MFE with C10 to C18 fatty acid. GY, MP, PT, PL, and WP decreased the adhesion by more than 50% at 0.1, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.025%, respectively. It seems to be important to select suitable substances for inhibition of adhesion of each of the bacterial species.
Immunoassay-based screening of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in sediments: requirements for a new generation of test kits (2011)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been proposed for the inclusion in the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) priority list, currently under revision. Various screening methods have been employed for PCB determination in different environmental matrixes in the last decades, immunoassays being one of the most employed. A literature review reveals that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most commonly applied immunoassay for PCB determination in the environment. However, its application to sediments is very limited. A suitability assessment of immunoassay-based analysis for PCB screening in sediments is presented in this work. The significance of available immunoassay-based test kits under the current environmental pollution scenario and their performance against the sensitivity and specificity requirements dictated by the WFD for PCB analysis in sediments is discussed. For example, current detection limits of available test kits for PCB determination in sediments may not be enough for compliance checking under the WFD. In addition, concentration expressed as Aroclor equivalents does not seem to be the way forward. A proposal for adapting available test kits in order to become more suitable tools for PCB screening in sediments is also presented in this study.
Ignition of Liquid Fuel Spray and Simulated Solid Rocket Fuel by Photoignition of Carbon Nanotube Utilizing a Camera Flash (2011)

Abstract : We have studied the ignition of fuel sprays and simulated solid rocket fuels (SRF) by the photoignition of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with an ordinary camera flash. Our investigation includes the effect of solid additives such as aluminum nano-particles and solid oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate (AP) on the photoignition characteristics. We have shown that by mixing CNT with other nanoparticles and powdered material, the ignition parameters such as; burn temperature, and burn duration can be tailored to meet ignition requirements. We believe this approach in photoignition of a fuel spray and a solid fuel provides a suitable method for ignition of liquid rocket engines and solid rocket motors. Among the advantages of this approach are a compact, low weight, and robust ignition method and it enables volumetric distributed ignition of fuel sprays. The proposed method is scalable for applications in very small as well as large liquid rocket engines and solid rocket motors.
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coal tar standard reference material (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coal tar standard reference materialStephen A. Wise, Bruce A. Benner, Gary D. Byrd, Stephen N. Chesler, Richard E. Rebbert, and Michele M. SchantzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 9, 887–894Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00160a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00160a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1014Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of postsurgical crestal bone levels adjacent to non‐submerged dental implants (1998)

In most of the studies on long-term radiographic evaluations of crestal bone levels adjacent to dental implants, no baseline radiographs taken immediately postsurgically had been obtained. The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility of a simple radiographic method for linear measurements of changes in bone levels and to evaluate changes in crestal bone levels adjacent to non-submerged ITI implants 1 year following the surgical procedure. From 128 patients enrolled in a clinical and radiographic longitudinal study 40 patients also had radiographs taken immediately postsurgically. They were, however, not obtained as "identical" images. The radiographs were mounted onto slides and projected on a screen. Mesially and distally from 57 implants triplicate linear measurements of the distance implant shoulder to bone crest were taken, using known dimensions of the implants as internal reference distances. The median difference of 213 (out of 228 possible) duplicate measurements was 0.00 mm (ranging from -1.72 mm to +1.47 mm when comparing the second to the third reading). Some 81% of the double measurements were within +/- 0.5 mm and the precision was 0.30 mm. In the immediate postoperative radiographs the median mesial bone level was located at 2.07 mm (distally 2.19 mm) from the implant shoulder. A statistically significant amount of bone loss in the first year was observed mesially (median = -0.78 mm) and distally (-0.85 mm) (Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test P < or = 0.001). No statistically significant influence of the implant location, the implant length, type of the implant (screw; cylinder) was observed (Kruskal-Wallis P > 0.05). The age of the patients was not correlated significantly to the amount of bone loss observed. In conclusion, methodological limitations existed when evaluating linear bone changes in non-identical radiographs using reference dimensions of the implants. The amount of postsurgical bone loss estimated in other studies was confirmed when using an immediate postoperative radiograph as a baseline.
Binding to the Yeast Swi4,6-Dependent Cell Cycle Box, CACGAAA, Is Cell Cycle Regulated in Vivo (1996)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae commitment to cell division occurs late in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at a point called Start and requires the activity of the Cdc28 protein kinase and its associated G1 cyclins. The Swi4,6-dependent cell cycle box binding factor, SBF, is important for maximal expression of the G1 cyclin and HO endonuclease genes at Start. The cell cycle regulation of these genes is modulated through an upstream regulatory element termed the SCB (SwI4,6-dependent cell cycle box, CACGAAA), which is dependent on both SWI4 and SWI6. Although binding of SWI4 and SWI6 to SCB sequences has been well characterized in vitro, the binding of SBF in vivo has not been examined. We used in vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting to examine the occupancy of SCB sequences throughout the cell cycle. We found that binding to SCB sequences occurred in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and was greatly reduced in G2. In the absence of either SWI4 or SWI6, SCB sequences were not occupied at any cell cycle stage. These results suggest that the G1-specific expression of SCB-dependent genes is regulated at the level of DNA binding in vivo.
Yoghurt production from camel (Camelus dramedarius) milk fortified with samphire molasses and different colloids (2016)

In this study, yoghurt was produced from camel (Camelus dramedarius) milk with whey protein isolate (3 % w/v) and fortified with 3 % (w/v) traditional samphire molasses (TSM) (YTSM), 3 % (w/v) TSM+0.1% (w/v) κ-carrageenan (YTSMC) or 3 % (w/v) TSM+0.05 % (w/v) xanthan gum (YTSMX). In yoghurt samples, physical-chemical properties, texture, color and sensory analysis were determined on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 14th days of storage, while total phenolics (TF) levels were determined on the 14th, 24th, 32nd, 48th, 72nd, 120th, 240th and 336th hours of storage. In all samples during storage, hardness and viscosity increased along with the acidity increase, although the increases in YTSM and YTSMC were lower than in YTSMX. In YTSMX, in spite of the increase in acidity after the 1st day, serum separation was very low while viscosity and hardness values were higher compared to the other samples. YTSMX was found to be superior to the other samples in terms of physicochemical, textural, microbiological and sensory properties. Total phenolic contents and L*a*b* levels increased in all samples throughout storage, the highest values of which were in YTSMX. After the 5th day of the storage, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus became the dominant microbial flora. After the 5th day of storage, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus levels were highest in YTSMX.
Vaccination Targeting Native Receptors to Enhance the Function and Proliferation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Modified T Cells (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> The multiple mechanisms used by solid tumors to suppress tumor-specific immune responses are a major barrier to the success of adoptively transferred tumor-specific T cells. As viruses induce potent innate and adaptive immune responses, we hypothesized that the immunogenicity of viruses could be harnessed for the treatment of solid tumors if virus-specific T cells (VST) were modified with tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). We tested this hypothesis using VZV-specific T cells (VZVST) expressing a CAR for GD2, a disialoganglioside expressed on neuroblastoma and certain other tumors, so that the live-attenuated VZV vaccine could be used for <i>in vivo</i> stimulation.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We generated GMP-compliant, GD2.CAR-modified VZVSTs from healthy donors and cancer patients by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with overlapping peptide libraries spanning selected VZV antigens, then tested their ability to recognize and kill GD2- and VZV antigen-expressing target cells.<b>Results:</b> Our choice of VZV antigens was validated by the observation that T cells specific for these antigens expanded <i>in vivo</i> after VZV vaccination. VZVSTs secreted cytokines in response to VZV antigens, killed VZV-infected target cells and limited infectious virus spread in autologous fibroblasts. However, while GD2.CAR-modified VZVSTs killed neuroblastoma cell lines on their first encounter, they failed to control tumor cells in subsequent cocultures. Despite this CAR-specific dysfunction, CAR-VZVSTs retained functional specificity for VZV antigens via their TCRs and GD2.CAR function was partially rescued by stimulation through the TCR or exposure to dendritic cell supernatants.<b>Conclusions:</b> Vaccination via the TCR may provide a means to reactivate CAR-T cells rendered dysfunctional by the tumor microenvironment (NCT01953900). <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3499-509. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Anti-Podocalyxin Monoclonal Antibody 47-mG <sub>2a</sub> Detects Lung Cancers by Immunohistochemistry (2018)

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Regardless of the advances in lung cancer treatments, the prognosis is still poor. Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a highly glycosylated type I transmembrane protein that is expressed in normal tissues, including the heart, pancreas, and breast. It is also found and used as a diagnostic marker in many cancers, such as renal, brain, breast, oral, and lung cancers. We previously developed specific and sensitive anti-PODXL monoclonal antibodies, PcMab-47 (mouse IgG<sub>1</sub>, kappa) and its mouse IgG<sub>2a</sub>-type (47-mG<sub>2a</sub>), both of which were suitable for immunohistochemical analyses of oral cancers. In this study, we investigated the utility of PcMab-47 and 47-mG<sub>2a</sub> for the immunohistochemical analyses of lung cancers. PcMab-47 stained 51/70 (72.9%) cases of lung cancer, whereas 47-mG<sub>2a</sub> stained 59/70 (84.3%) cases, indicating that the latter antibody is more sensitive and is useful for detecting PODXL in lung cancers.
MIT/DRAPER Technology Development Partnership Program : systems, aerodeceleration, and structural design of a high-G, rapid response, deployable autonomous aerial surveillance vehicle (1997)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997.
A Review of Trabectedin (ET-743): A Unique Mechanism of Action (2010)

Trabectedin (ET-743) is a marine alkaloid isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, with a chemical structure characterized by three fused tetrahydroisoquinoline rings. Two of these rings (subunits A and B) provide the framework for covalent interaction with the minor groove of the DNA double helix, whereas the third ring (subunit C) protrudes from the DNA duplex, apparently allowing interactions with adjacent nuclear proteins. The compound's chemical interactions trigger a cascade of events that interfere with several transcription factors, DNA binding proteins, and DNA repair pathways, likely to be different from other DNA-interacting agents. Trabectedin also causes modulation of the production of cytokines and chemokines by tumor and normal cells, suggesting that the antitumor activity could also be ascribed to changes in the tumor microenvironment. The promising data on the combination of trabectedin with other anticancer agents, observed in preclinical systems, have prompted several clinical studies that are currently ongoing. One of these combinations (trabectedin-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin) was recently authorized by the European Commission for the treatment of patients with relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.
<i>Fasciola</i> antigens as vaccines against fascioliasis and schistosomiasis (2005)

Fascioliasis is an important trematode infection of herbivores worldwide with increasing evidence of prevalence as a disease of humans. Vaccination studies with purified native and recombinant Fasciola antigens suggest that this approach to diminished morbidity and mortality and reduced transmission is a realistic goal. Among the major potential vaccine candidates are fatty acid binding protein (FABP), cysteine (cathepsin) proteases, haemoglobulin, leucine aminopeptidase, and a saposin-like protein. In the case of Fasciola hepatica FABP, cross-reaction and cross-protection against Schistosoma mansoni is an important feature. In addition to protective effects with significant worm burden reductions, some vaccine candidates also have anti-fecundity (smaller flukes), anti-pathology (less liver lesions), and anti-embryonation effects. Optimism is tempered by the fact that fascioliasis in humans is an orphan disease and in need of governmental and foundation support.
Heat Treatment of Amphotericin B Modifies Its Serum Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Renal Toxicity following Administration of a Single Intravenous Dose to Rabbits (2001)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the serum pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of amphotericin B (AmpB) following administration of a single intravenous dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of Fungizone (FZ) and a heat-treated form of FZ (HFZ) to New Zealand White female rabbits. FZ solutions were heated at 70 degrees C for 20 min to produce HFZ. Blood samples were obtained before drug administration and serially thereafter. After collection of the 48-h blood sample, each rabbit was humanely sacrificed and the right kidney, spleen, lungs, liver, and heart were harvested for AmpB analysis. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and 10 h after drug administration. AmpB concentrations in the serum and tissues were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. FZ administration to rabbits resulted in a greater-than-50% increase in serum creatinine concentrations compared to baseline. However, HFZ administration resulted in no difference in serum creatinine concentrations compared to baseline. The AmpB area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) after HFZ administration was significantly lower than the AmpB AUC in rabbits administered FZ. However, AmpB systemic total body clearance was significantly greater in rabbits administered HFZ than in rabbits administered FZ without any differences in volume of distribution at steady state. Kidney tissue AmpB concentrations, although not significantly different, were greater in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. Likewise, lung and spleen AmpB concentrations, although not significantly different, were greater in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. However, liver AmpB concentrations were significantly lower in rabbits administered FZ than in rabbits administered HFZ. No significant differences in heart AmpB concentration between rabbits administered FZ and those given HFZ were found. These findings suggest that the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and renal toxicity of AmpB are modified following administration of HFZ. HFZ could be an improved low-cost AmpB drug delivery system that has a potentially higher therapeutic index than FZ.