gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-insensitive phase-matched harmonic generation in deuterated L-arginine phosphate (1990)

Deuterated L-arginine phosphate (dLAP) is a promising new crystal for frequency conversion of near-IR and visible lasers. 1 Reported values of the thermal coefficients of refraction of dLAP predict the existence of a unique property: temperature-insensitive phase-matching directions for second-harmonic generation. We used a Nd:YAG laser to measure the thermal rates of change of phase-matching angles in the principal dielectric planes of dLAP. For the type I phase-matching locus, we have found that the phase-matching angle relative to the alpha axis increases at a rate of 248 μ rad/°C in the alpha-beta plane and decreases at a rate of 38.3 μ rad/°C in the alpha-gamma plane, whereas for the type II phase-matching locus, the phase-matching angle increases at a rate of 237 μ rad/°C in the alpha-beta plane and increases at a rate of 30.9 μ rad/°C in the alpha-gamma plane. The opposite signs of the thermal rates of change of the type I phase-matching angles verify the existence of temperature-insensitive phase-matching directions in the type I second-harmonic generation phase-matching locus. Discrepancies between the predicted and measured thermal behavior of the dLAP phase-matching loci are attributed to errors in the reported values of the thermal coefficients of refraction.
Antiviral effects of antisense RNA on hepatitis C virus RNA translation and expression (1999)

We developed approaches using antisense RNA to inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA translation and HCV core protein expression. An HCV genotype 1b cDNA comprising nt 1-1321 or a fusion construct consisting of HCV (nt 1-584) and luciferase cDNAs were inserted downstream of T7 and CMV promoter sequences and used to generate HCV RNA target molecules. Such constructs will produce HCV core or HCV coreluciferase fusion proteins in vitro or within transfected cells. Seven different antisense RNA constructs were designed to target the highly conserved 5' region of HCV RNA at nt positions 1-402. For in vitro experiments, synthesized HCV RNA target sequences and antisense RNAs were mixed at various molar ratios and subsequently translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. In cell culture studies, the HCV core-luciferase fusion cDNA was co-transfected with antisense RNA-producing constructs into human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Luciferase activity in cell lysates was measured to determine quantitatively antiviral effects within the cell. It was found that translation of HCV RNAs was efficiently inhibited by antisense RNA in vitro. The specificity of this inhibition was confirmed using control target RNA sequences or nonrelevant antisense RNA constructs. Co-transfection studies demonstrated that antisense RNA inhibited HCV core-luciferase fusion protein expression by 41-57% in HuH-7 HCC cells. These studies indicate that antisense RNA will find viral target RNA sequences in HuH-7 cells and inhibit HCV RNA translation. More important, these studies have defined critical viral RNA target sequences susceptible to antisense inhibitory effects within the cell.
Multi-user MIMO scheduling in the fourth generation cellular uplink (2013)

In this paper, we consider Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheduling in the 3GPP LTE-Advanced (3GPP LTE-A) cellular uplink. The 3GPP LTE-A cellular uplink allows for precoded multi-stream (precoded MIMO) transmission from each user scheduled in the uplink along with flexible multi-user scheduling, wherein multiple users can be assigned the same time-frequency resource. However, optimally exploiting these features is challenging since certain practical constraints have to be satisfied, such as the one which demands that the number of users co-scheduled on any time-frequency resource must not exceed a specified number. We show that while the resulting resource allocation problem is NP-hard, it can be formulated as the maximization of a non-negative monotonic submodular set function subject to one matroid and multiple column-sparse knapsack constraints. We then provide low complexity approximation algorithms and demonstrate their superior performance via simulations.
Respiratory gated PET derived from raw PET data (2007)

Respiratory motion in PET degrades images and limits detectability of small or low- contrast lesions. Although image quality can be improved using respiratory-gating hardware, this adds to the complexity and expense of acquiring PET data. We aimed to develop a data-driven method, based on individual voxel signal fluctuations, for accomplishing electronic respiratory gating of PET data acquired in a clinically practical manner, requiring no additional hardware or end-user input. We tested our methods using both simulated PET scans, as well as actual human PET acquisitions. For the simulations, our methods correctly identified the start frame of each respiratory cycle defined for the phantom. Resultant gated images demonstrated improved effective resolution and increased SUV uptake for lesions scattered in the thorax. For the human PET data, we were able to recover respiratory phase information with a large signal-to-noise ratio. Fully automated voxel-based respiratory gating of PET images may be achieved without the need for gating hardware or additional user input, in a manner capable of improving effective resolution and increasing lesion detectability.
Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution using coherent light (2003)

Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution based on two nonorthogonal states is described. A weak coherent pulse train is sent from Alice to Bob, in which the phase of each pulse is randomly modulated by ${0,\ensuremath{\pi}}.$ Bob measures the differential phase by a one-bit delay circuit. The system has a simple configuration without the need for an interferometer and a bright reference pulse in Alice's site, unlike the conventional QKD system based on two nonorthogonal states, and has an advantage of improved communication efficiency. The principle of the operation is successfully demonstrated in experiments.
Catalase improves saccharification of lignocellulose by reducing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase-associated enzyme inactivation (2015)

Oxidative inactivation of commercial cellulase mixtures is a significant factor influencing the overall saccharification efficiency and the addition of catalase can be used to protect these mixtures from inactivation.
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer Based on Bidirectional Wavelength Selective Switches (2010)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer based on bidirectional wavelength selective switch. It delivers wavelength selection function at both the input and output ends, and reduces insertion loss, footprint and hardware cost.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) made by a novel "reverse fabrication process" (2006)

We report a novel fabrication process of a cMUT array based on the electrostatic effect and realized by silicon micromachining technique. Several fabrication technologies for 1D and 2D cMUT have been presented in the last ten years, differing from each other in the materials used and the process steps involved. They all have in common the presence of micro-holes on the surface of the transducer necessary to evacuate the cavities under the membranes or, in the 2D array, to electrically connect upper to lower pads and to allow the electrical connection to external circuits. The authors of the present work designed and realized a cMUT transducer using a new concept. In the standard process, successive layers are deposited on the silicon wafer up to the silicon nitride structural layer of the micro membranes; our different approach consists in inverting the function of each layer and to build the cMUT capacitive cell starting from the membrane, made of LPCVD silicon nitride coating the silicon wafer, up to the bottom electrode and the backplate. By working on the back of the device, there is no need to use holes in the structural silicon nitride layer to evacuate the cavities and the pads for the electrical connections are on the bottom surface of the device.
Phenylethynyl-Terminated Polyimides (1994)

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimides exhibit properties suitable for films, moldings, adhesives, and composite-material matrices. Polyimides synthesized at various molecular weights, selected to obtain desirable properties for specific applications. Thermally cured to form cross-linked molecular structures typically increasing resistance to solvents, glass-transition temperatures, and moduli of elasticity. Also have low molecular weights and low melt viscosities for easier processing into composites and adhesive bonds.
Stereo vision for planetary rovers: stochastic modeling to near real-time implementation (1991)

NASA scenarios for lunar and planetary missions include robotic vehicles that function in both teleoperated and semi-autonomous modes. Under teleoperation, on-board stereo cameras may provide 3-D scene information to human operators via stereographic displays; likewise, under semi-autonomy, machine stereo vision may provide 3-D information for obstacle avoidance. In the past, the slow speed of machine stereo vision systems has posed a hurdle to the semi- autonomous scenario; however, recent work at JPL and other laboratories has produced stereo vision systems with high reliability and near real-time performance for low-resolution image pairs. In particular, JPL has taken a significant step by achieving the first autonomous, cross- country robotic traverses (of up to 100 meters to use stereo vision, with all computing on- board the vehicle. This paper describes the stereo vision system, including the underlying statistical model and the details of the implementation. The statistical and algorithmic aspects employ random field models of the disparity map, Bayesian formulations of single-scale matching, and area-based image comparisons. The implementations builds Laplacian image pyramids and produces disparity maps from the 60X64 level of the pyramids at rates of up to two seconds per image pair. All vision processing is done on one 68020 augmented with Datacube image processing boards. The author argues that the overall approach provides a unifying paradigm for practical, domain-independent stereo ranging.
Stable isotope-mass spectrometric measurements of molecular fluxes in vivo: emerging applications in drug development. (2004)

Therapeutics require not only targets and chemical entities, but tools for measuring actions in vivo. Technologies for evaluating activities, filtering leads and predicting clinical response have lagged behind molecular discovery. 'Systems biology' has not provided systematic methods for predicting metabolic effects in complex systems. The flow of molecules through complex pathways, in contrast, reflects the connectivity relationships and emergent control features of fully assembled networks, but is a quantifiable therapeutic target. This strategy, which combines molecular specificity with intrinsic functional significance, requires different tools. Here, advances in critical pathway flux measurement utilizing stable isotopes and mass spectrometry are described. These include mass isotopomer analysis, heavy-water labeling techniques, secreted probes of intracellular processes, and analytic advances. Several fundamental advantages of kinetic measurements are demonstrated. Measurement of molecular fluxes represents a powerful addition to drug development technology.
32.3: Light‐Field Approximation Using Basic Display Layer Primitives (2013)

Abstract A new concept using different display layer primitives for light field approximation is presented. For each primitive, a mathematical notation for the light transport operator is defined. Based on that, a decomposition algorithm rendering a light field into a multi‐layered plenoptic display is described and verified by a physical prototype.
Experimental Results and Modeling Advances in the Study of the Nanoparticle Field Extraction Thruster (2007)

This paper presents experimental results and modeling advances concerning the nanoparticle Field Extraction Thruster (nanoFET) concept under development at the University of Michigan.The nanoFET concept offers an electric propulsion approach that can have a highly adjustable charge-to-mass ratio and electrostatic acceleration that potentially could span a specific impulse range from ~100 s to ~10,000 s and thrust power ranging from microwatts to many tens of kilowatts at high efficiency.Here, we model the extraction process for both spherical and cylindrical particles from an insulating liquid and compare the threshold extraction electric field with the minimum electric field required for the liquid to become unstable.The model suggests that there exists a range of usable particles that can be extracted prior to the onset of liquid instability.Experimental data collected appears to follow the trend predicted by the extraction model.
Introducing Branches into a Self‐Assembling Peptide Fiber (2003)

The special branch: The design of novel T-shaped peptides that coassemble with linear peptides to produce branched fibers is described (see picture). The bottom-up assembly of peptide-based nanostructures of this type holds promise for the development of novel scaffolds for applications in nanobiotechnology.
Compact room-temperature metal vapor laser (1986)

Laser emission is obtained at room temperature on the copper I (510.6 and 578.2 nm) and gold I (627.8 nm) transitions from a compact device in which the metal vapor is produced by sputtering in the presence of a rapid flow of noble gas. Peak powers of 1 kW and 250 W are obtained for copper I and gold I, respectively.
In-Line Water Extraction from Crude Oil using Compact Separation Technology (2011)

Abstract Conventional bulk oil-water separation is usually undertaken using gravity separators, where the phases are allowed to separate over time using gravity. One consequence of this technique is that in order to allow a sufficient residence time for the two phases to separate, gravity separators, tend to be large vessels. The step change alternative to this traditional approach is to consider using a compact separator where a high centrifugal force is impacted on the two phases to bring about separation and in doing so reducing the residence time needed to separate the fluids. As a consequence of this approach not only are the separators size and weight significantly reduced but correspondingly its safety features are considerably enhanced due to the lower hydrocarbon inventory and design codes used. Caltec have developed an in-line cyclonic separator that is designed to separate water from a water continuous oil-water mixture, the devices are capable of recovering up to 60% of the total water at a quality of 1000ppm or less. They are designed to pipeline or process pipework code; can be installed in-line; have a large turn down ratio; have enhanced separation of fluids if gas is present; can separate the fluids at full pipe line pressure and are a fraction of the size and weight of a conventional gravity separators. Caltec's Water Extraction (Wx) technology has been extensively tested in its own laboratories at Cranfield, and at TUV NEL's multiphase test facilities in Glasgow. Work has also been undertaken both onshore and offshore but this data will not be published in this paper, but will be reported at a later date. This paper describes the water extraction technology and reviews the results of the trials undertaken. This paper also examines potential applications where compact in-line separation technology can be used in future developments.
Deep Sequencing of Cell-Free Peripheral Blood DNA as a Reliable Method for Confirming the Diagnosis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2016)

These data suggest that cf-DNA when analyzed using NGS is a reliable approach for detecting molecular abnormalities in MDS and should be used to determine if bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are necessary.
Side launch excitation of selected modes in graded-index optical fibers (1978)

Excitation of single guided modes in a multimode graded-index optical fiber has been demonstrated. A side launch technique is employed which permits external selection of input conditions to match the axial and tangential wavenumber components of individual modes. Good agreement is obtained between observed mode order numbers and order numbers calculated from input parameters.
Optimal admission control in cellular DS-CDMA systems with multimedia traffic (2003)

The problem of jointly controlling the data rates and transmit powers of users, so as to maximize throughput in cellular direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks is addressed. The multicode (MC)-CDMA system, where the processing gain of each code is fixed and high-rate users use multiple codes for transmission, and the variable gain (VG)-CDMA architectures are considered. The throughout maximization problem is formulated as a classical optimization problem, modeling the constraints arising from the data rate requirements and power budgets. Optimal strategies to maximize throughput in both systems are derived. While the MC-CDMA system has a simple optimal rate-power allocation algorithm, the VG-CDMA system has a more complex solution.
Liver-expressed <i>Cd302</i> and <i>Cr1l</i> limit hepatitis C virus cross-species transmission to mice (2020)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has no animal reservoir, infecting only humans. To investigate species barrier determinants limiting infection of rodents, murine liver complementary DNA library screening was performed, identifying transmembrane proteins Cd302 and Cr1l as potent restrictors of HCV propagation. Combined ectopic expression in human hepatoma cells impeded HCV uptake and cooperatively mediated transcriptional dysregulation of a noncanonical program of immunity genes. Murine hepatocyte expression of both factors was constitutive and not interferon inducible, while differences in liver expression and the ability to restrict HCV were observed between the murine orthologs and their human counterparts. Genetic ablation of endogenous <i>Cd302</i> expression in human HCV entry factor transgenic mice increased hepatocyte permissiveness for an adapted HCV strain and dysregulated expression of metabolic process and host defense genes. These findings highlight human-mouse differences in liver-intrinsic antiviral immunity and facilitate the development of next-generation murine models for preclinical testing of HCV vaccine candidates.
Safe-Errors on SPA Protected Implementations with the Atomicity Technique. (2016)

Abstract. ecdsa is one of the most important public-key signature scheme, however it is vulnerable to lattice attack once a few bits of the nonces are leaked. To protect Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ecc) against Simple Power Analysis, many countermeasures have been pro-posed. Doubling and Additions of points on the given elliptic curve require several additions and multiplications in the base field and this number is not the same for the two opera-tions. The idea of the atomicity protection is to use a fixed pattern, i.e. a small number of instructions and rewrite the two basic operations of ecc using this pattern. Dummy opera-tions are introduced so that the different elliptic curve operations might be written with the same atomic pattern. In an adversary point of view, the attacker only sees a succession of patterns and is no longer able to distinguish which one corresponds to addition and doubling. Chevallier-Mames, Ciet and Joye were the first to introduce such countermeasure. In this paper, we are interested in studying this countermeasure and we show a new vulnerabil-ity since the ecdsa implementation succumbs now to C Safe-Error attacks. Then, we propose an effective solution to prevent against C Safe-Error attacks when using the Side-Channel Atomicity. The dummy operations are used in such a way that if a fault is introduced on one of them, it can be detected. Finally, our countermeasure method is generic, meaning that it can be adapted to all formulæ. We apply our methods to different formulæ presented for side-channel Atomicity.
Stability Conditions for Adaptive Control of Uncertain Dynamical Systems with Actuator and Unmodeled Dynamics (2018)

In many practical applications, the effects of both actuator and unmodeled dynamics are strongly present in feedback loops. In this paper, we consider adaptive control of uncertain dynamical systems subject to both actuator and unmodeled dynamics. Specifically, utilizing Lyapunov stability theory, linear matrix inequalities, and matrix mathematics, we reveal two sufficient stability conditions. The first one captures the system-theoretic tradeoff between system uncertainties and actuator dynamics, and the second one depends on the first one as well as the matrices resulting from the unmodeled dynamics. An illustrative numerical example is also provided to demonstrate our findings involving these stability conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of NF(a1δ) by Dissociation of Fluorine Azide. (1989)

Abstract In contrast to the reactions of vibrationally excited HF or DF molecules with FN 3 , which are shown to dissociate the azide without yielding metastable NF fragments, thermal dissociation of FN 3 yields metastable NF(a 1 Δ) (activation energy ∼0.6 eV) with near‐unit efficiency.
<b>Promoter‐independent cold‐shock induction of <i>cspA</i> and its derepression at 37°C by mRNA stabilization</b> (1997)

The gene for CspA, the major cold-shock protein of Escherichia coli is known to be dramatically induced upon temperature downshift. Here, we report that three-base substitutions around the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the 159-base 5'-untranslated region of the cspA mRNA stabilizes the mRNA 150-fold, resulting in constitutive expression of cspA at 37 degrees C. This stabilization was found to be at least partially due to resistance against RNase E degradation. The cold-shock induction of cspA was also achieved by exchanging its promoter with the non-cold-shock Ipp promoter. The results presented indicate that the cspA gene is efficiently transcribed even at 37 degrees C. However, the translation of the cspA mRNA is blocked because of its extreme instability at 37 degrees C. The presented results also demonstrate that the cspA gene is constitutively transcribed at all temperatures; however, its expression at 37 degrees C is prevented by destabilizing its mRNA.
Biquadratic coupling in antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media (2004)

Using spinstand and magnetometry measurements we have investigated the effective coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers in antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) longitudinal magnetic recording media. For AFC media with soft-magnetic CoCr and Co lower layers we find that the average equilibrium magnetization direction of the lower layer is a function of transition density in the upper layer. In particular for medium-sized bit cells, biquadratic coupling is observed, for which the average magnetization of the lower layer is perpendicular to that of the upper layer.