gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrowetting on dielectric experiments using graphene (2012)

We report electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) experiments using graphene; a transparent, flexible and stretchable nanomaterial. Graphene sheets were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, and transferred to various substrates (including glass slides and PET films). Reversible contact angle changes were observed on the Teflon-coated graphene electrode with both AC and DC voltages. Nyquist plots of the EWOD reveal that the graphene electrode has higher capacitive impedance than gold electrodes under otherwise identical conditions, suggesting a lower density of pin-holes and defects in the Teflon/graphene electrode than in the Teflon/gold electrode. Furthermore, we have observed reduced electrolysis of the electrolyte and smaller leakage current in the dielectric layer (Teflon) on graphene electrodes than on Au electrodes at the same Teflon thickness and applied voltage. We expect that the improved EWOD properties using graphene as an electrode material will open the door to various applications, including flexible displays and droplet manipulation in three-dimensional microfluidics.
Efficient synthesis of narrowly dispersed molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with multiple stimuli-responsive template binding properties in aqueous media (2012)

A facile, general, and highly efficient approach to obtain narrowly dispersed molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with multiple stimuli-responsive template binding properties in aqueous media by successive RAFT polymerization is described.
Multi Sensing Fuel Injector in Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engines (2013)

With the increasingly stringent emissions and fuel economy standards, there is a need to develop new advanced in-cylinder sensing techniques to optimize the operation of internal combustion engine. In addition, reducing the number of on-board sensors needed for proper engine monitoring over the life time of the vehicle would reduce the cost and complexity of the electronic system. This paper presents a new technique to enable one engine component, the fuel injector, to perform multiple sensing tasks in addition to its primary task of delivering the fuel into the cylinder. The injector is instrumented within an electric circuit to produce a signal indicative of some injection and combustion parameters in electronically controlled spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines. The output of the multi sensing fuel injector (MSFI) system can be used as a feedback signal to the engine control unit (ECU) for injection timing control and diagnosis of the injection and combustion processes. A comparison between sensing capabilities of the multi-sensing fuel injector and the spark plug-ion sensor under different engine operating conditions is also included in this study. In addition, the combined use of the ion current signals produced by the MSFI and the spark plug for combustion sensing and control is demonstrated.
Real-time detection of transient signals using spline-wavelets (1992)

Compactly supported spline-wavelets are used to process simulated transient signals in a noisy environment. It is found that linear-phase spline-wavelets can be effectively used as near-optimal time-domain windows to localize the signal onsets. This technique does not require prior knowledge of the signal. Results are demonstrated numerically by the detection of signal arrivals in noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ABREAST OF THE WAVES : OPEN-SEA SENSOR TO MEASURE HEIGHT AND DIRECTION (2005)

Accurate and timely information on open-sea wave conditions can help in preventing large-scale maritime disasters. This article describes a new, low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS)-based sensor that measures wave height with an accuracy of several centimeters and direction with an accuracy of 5 degrees. The receiver is mounted on a buoy, and a high-pass filter is used to extract the movement of the buoy and thus minimize GPS positioning errors. The data provided by the sensor is intended to improve wave prediction models. In addition, since this GPS-based sensor transmits only analyzed ocean wave data, it reduces the volume of data and leads to lower operating and acquisition costs. The article describes the concept of the GPS-based wave sensor, algorithms that are used for filtering and extracting wave data, as well as the results of open-sea trials.
Activated Lithium-Metal-Oxides as Catalytic Electrodes for Li–O2 Cells (2011)

Lithium-metal oxides with a high formal Li2O content, such as Li5FeO4 (5Li2O•Fe2O3) and a Li2MnO3•LiFeO2 composite ({Li2O•MnO2}•{Li2O•Fe2O3}) have been explored as electrocatalysts for primary and rechargeable Li-O2 cells. Activation occurs predominantly by Li2O removal, either electrochemically or chemically by acid-treatment. Superior electrochemical behavior is obtained if activation occurs by acid-treatment; Li2MnO3•LiFeO2 catalysts provide 2516 mAh/g (carbon) corresponding to 931 mAh/g (electrocatalyst + carbon) during the initial discharge. The reaction is reasonably reversible during the early cycles. The approach has implications for designing electrocatalysts that participate through electrochemical Li2O extraction/reformation reactions, offering exceptionally high capacities.
Current-perpendicular-to-the-plane magnetoresistance from large interfacial spin-dependent scattering between Co50Fe50 magnetic layer and In-Zn-O conductive oxide spacer layer (2015)

We have investigated electrically conductive indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) deposited by magnetron sputtering as spacer layer for current-perpendicular-to-the-plane giant magnetoresistance sensor devices. Spin-valves with a Co50Fe50/IZO/Co50Fe50 trilayer showed resistance-area product (RA) ranging from 110 to 250 mΩ μm2, significantly larger than all-metal structures with Ag or Cu spacers (∼40 mΩ μm2). Magnetoresistance ratios (ΔR/R) of 2.5% to 5.5% depending on the IZO spacer thickness (1.5–6.0 nm), corresponding to ΔRA values from 3 to 13 mΩ μm2, were obtained. The values of ΔRA with the IZO spacers and Co50Fe50 magnetic layers were significantly larger than those with conventional metal spacers and Co50Fe50 magnetic layers (∼1–2 mΩ μm2). The dependence of ΔRA on the magnetic layer thickness suggests that the larger ΔRA obtained with IZO spacer is due to a large interfacial spin-dependent scattering caused by the large specific resistance at the Co50Fe50/IZO interface. From structural characterization by TEM and the observed dependence of the RA dispersion on device size, the electric current flowing through the IZO spacer is thought to be laterally uniform, similar to normal metal spacers.
Automatic pose initialization for accurate 2D/3D registration applied to abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair (2012)

Minimally invasive abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) stenting can be greatly facilitated by overlaying the preoperative 3-D model of the abdominal aorta onto the intra-operative 2-D X-ray images. Accurate 2-D/3-D registration in 3-D space makes the 2-D/3-D overlay robust to the change of C-Arm angulations. By far, the 2-D/3-D registration methods based on simulated X-ray projection images using multiple image planes have been shown to be able to provide satisfactory 3-D registration accuracy. However, one drawback of the intensity-based 2-D/3-D registration methods is that the similarity measure is usually highly non-convex and hence the optimizer can easily be trapped into local minima. User interaction therefore is often needed in the initialization of the position of the 3-D model in order to get a successful 2-D/3-D registration. In this paper, a novel 3-D pose initialization technique is proposed, as an extension of our previously proposed bi-plane 2-D/3-D registration method for AAA intervention [4]. The proposed method detects vessel bifurcation points and spine centerline in both 2-D and 3-D images, and utilizes landmark information to bring the 3-D volume into a 15mm capture range. The proposed landmark detection method was validated on real dataset, and is shown to be able to provide a good initialization for 2-D/3-D registration in [4], thus making the workflow fully automatic.
Recent advances in antimalarial drug development (2006)

Malaria caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, because of its prevalence, virulence, and drug resistance, is the most serious and widespread parasitic disease encountered by mankind. The inadequate armory of drugs in widespread use for the treatment of malaria, development of strains resistant to commonly used drugs such as chloroquine, and the lack of affordable new drugs are the limiting factors in the fight against malaria. These factors underscore the continuing need of research for new classes of antimalarial agents, and a re-examination of the existing antimalarial drugs that may be effective against resistant strains. This review provides an in-depth look at the most significant progress made during the past 10 years in antimalarial drug development.
Improving web spam classification using rank-time features (2007)

In this paper, we study the classification of web spam. Web spam refers to pages that use techniques to mislead search engines into assigning them higher rank, thus increasing their site traffic. Our contributions are two fold. First, we find that the method of datset construction is crucial for accurate spam classification and we note that this problem occurs generally in learning problems and can be hard to detect. In particular, we find that ensuring no overlapping domains between test and training sets is necessary to accurately test a web spam classifier. In our case, classification performance can differ by as much as 40% in precision when using non-domain-separated data. Second, we show rank-time features can improve the performance of a web spam classifier. Our paper is the first to investigate the use of rank-time features, and in particular query-dependent rank-time features, for web spam detection. We show that the use of rank-time and query-dependent features can lead to an increase in accuracy over a classifier trained using page-based content only.
Spatial and activity-dependent catecholamine release in rat adrenal medulla under native neuronal stimulation (2016)

Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla in rat receive excitatory synaptic input through anterior and posterior divisions of the sympathetic splanchnic nerve. Upon synaptic stimulation, the adrenal medulla releases the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the suprarenal vein for circulation throughout the body. Under sympathetic tone, catecholamine release is modest. However, upon activation of the sympathoadrenal stress reflex, and increased splanchnic firing, adrenal catecholamine output increases dramatically. Moreover, specific stressors can preferentially increase release of either epinephrine (i.e., hypoglycemia) or norepinephrine (i.e., cold stress). The mechanism for this stressor-dependent segregated release of catecholamine species is not yet fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that stimulation of either division of the splanchnic selects for epinephrine over norepinephrine release. We introduce an ex vivo rat preparation that maintains native splanchnic innervation of the adrenal gland and we document experimental advantages and limitations of this preparation. We utilize fast scanning cyclic voltammetry to detect release of both epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla, and report that epinephrine and norepinephrine release are regulated spatially and in a frequency-dependent manner. We provide data to show that epinephrine is secreted preferentially from the periphery of the medulla and exhibits a higher threshold and steeper stimulus-secretion function than norepinephrine. Elevated stimulation of the whole nerve specifically enhances epinephrine release from the peripheral medulla. Our data further show that elimination of either division from stimulation greatly attenuated epinephrine release under elevated stimulation, while either division alone can largely support norepinephrine release.
Identifying sequentially untestable faults using illegal states (2002)

In this paper, we first present an algorithm (FILL) which efficiently identifies a large subset of the illegal states in a synchronous sequential circuit, without assuming a global reset mechanism. A second algorithm, FUNI, finds sequentially untestable faults whose detection requires some of the illegal states computed by FlLL. Although based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs), FILL is able to process large circuits by using a new functional partitioning procedure. The incremental building of the set of illegal states guarantees that FILL mill always obtain at least a partial solution. FUNI is a direct method that identifies untestable faults without using the exhaustive search involved in automatic test generation (ATG). Experimental results show that FUNI finds a large number of untestable faults up to several orders of magnitude faster than an ATG algorithm that targeted the faults identified by FUNI, Also, many untestable faults identified by FUNI were aborted by the test generator.
EMPIRE-CF: A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial of once-daily, oral acebilustat in adult patients with cystic fibrosis – Study design and patient demographics (2018)

Inflammation causes irreparable damage in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. Despite high standards of care and the advent of new therapies, inflammation continues to cause significant loss of lung function and morbidity. Acebilustat is a once-daily, oral molecule with anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of LTA4 hydrolase and modulation of LTB4. It has potential to reduce lung function decline and pulmonary exacerbations in patients with CF and is currently being tested in a Phase II multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (EMPIRE-CF). Strict inclusion criteria based on modeling of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry data were selected to enrich the trial with patients most likely to benefit from chronic anti-inflammatory therapy that reduces lung function decline. 200 patients between 18 and 30 years of age, with an FEV<sub>1</sub> percent predicted (pp) ≥50%, and ≥1 exacerbation in the past year have been enrolled. Patients are randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, acebilustat 50 mg or 100 mg for 48 weeks, taken concomitantly with their current standard of care, and stratified based on concomitant CFTR modulator use, baseline FEV<sub>1</sub>pp (50% to 75% and >75%), and number of exacerbations in the past year (1 or >1). The primary endpoints are absolute change from baseline in FEV<sub>1</sub>pp and safety outcomes. Secondary endpoints include rate of pulmonary exacerbations and time to first pulmonary exacerbation. Biomarkers of inflammation will also be assessed. EMPIRE-CF is expected to identify the optimal patient population, dose, duration and endpoints for future acebilustat trials, and widen understanding of the drug's efficacy in patients with CF.
The Beta Subunit of Hemoglobin (HBB2/HBB) Suppresses Neuroblastoma Growth and Metastasis (2016)

Soluble pulmonary factors have been reported to be capable of inhibiting the viability of cancer cells that metastasize to the lung, but the molecular identity was obscure. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the beta subunit of hemoglobin as a lung-derived antimetastatic factor. Peptide mapping in the beta subunit of human hemoglobin (HBB) defined a short C-terminal region (termed Metox) as responsible for activity. In tissue culture, both HBB and murine HBB2 mediated growth arrest and apoptosis of lung-metastasizing neuroblastoma cells, along with a variety of other human cancer cell lines. Metox acted similarly and its administration in human tumor xenograft models limited the development of adrenal neuroblastoma tumors as well as spontaneous lung and bone marrow metastases. Expression studies in mice indicated that HBB2 is produced by alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells and is upregulated in mice bearing undetectable metastasis. Our work suggested a novel function for HBB as a theranostic molecule: an innate antimetastasis factor with potential utility as an anticancer drug and a biomarker signaling the presence of clinically undetectable metastasis. Cancer Res; 77(1); 14-26. ©2016 AACR.
Real-Time Tracking of Multiple Sound Sources by Integration of In-Room and Robot-Embedded Microphone Arrays (2006)

Real-time and robust sound source tracking is an important function for a robot operating in a daily environment, because the robot should recognize where a sound event such as speech, music and other environmental sounds originate from. This paper addresses real-time sound source tracking by real-time integration of an in-room microphone array (IRMA) and a robot-embedded microphone array (REMA). The IRMA system consists of 64 ch microphones attached to the walls. It localizes multiple sound sources based on weighted delay-and-sum beam-forming on a 2D plane. The REMA system localizes multiple sound sources in azimuth using eight microphones attached to a robot's head on a rotational table. The localization results are integrated to track multiple sound sources by using a particle filter in real-time. The experimental results show that particle filter based integration improved accuracy and robustness in multiple sound source tracking even when the robot's head was in rotation
Development of Transgenic Tomato Expressing a High Level of Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Strains of Subgroups I and II (1994)

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was employed to develop transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) of line G-80 that contains the coat protein gene of cucumber mosaic virus white leaf (CMV-WL) strain, a member of Cucumovirus subgroup II. Twenty-nine independently transformed G-80 plants were obtained. R 0 transgenic plants accumulated detectable levels of CMV-WL coat protein, and 16 of the 19 inoculated plants were resistant to the CMV China strain, a member of subgroup I. Progenies from three R 0 transgenic plants were tested for resistance to infection by CMV-WL and CMV-China
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICAL RESOLUTION OF RACEMIC S‐(CARBOXYMETHYL)CYSTEINE (1983)

Abstract Die Trennung der racemischen Titelverbindung in die optischen Antipoden R‐(Ia) und S‐(IIa) gelingt auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen: 1. Beim Impfen einer übersättigten Lösung (pH 8.0) des Ammoniumsalzes des Racemats mit dem Ammoniumsalz des gewünschten Enantiomeren fällt dieses in relativer Reinheit aus.
Analytic technique for optimal workload scheduling in data-center using phase detection (2015)

Typically, complex resource-interdependence and heterogeneous workload patterns can result in sub-optimal job allocation leading to performance loss or under-utilization of compute resources. A well behaved model can anticipate the demand patterns and proactively react to the dynamic stresses in a timely and well optimized manner. For a workload hosting environment, pool of available resources are optimally configured and utilized to sustain certain expectation of Quality-of-Service (QoS) in the presence of power, thermal and reliability constraints. The workload (or job) scheduling mechanism is expected to withstand dynamic variations in demand stresses while maximizing the resource utilization and minimizing the performance loss. Furthermore, workloads can be co-allocated to the clusters with least amount of resource contention. In this paper we introduce the methodology that facilitates the coordinated scheduling of the workloads to the systems with least contentious resources through phase-assisted dynamic characterization. We describe the method to perform optimal job scheduling by using phase model synthesized by learning and classifying the run-time behavior of workloads.
Blocking of Frizzled Signaling With a Homologous Peptide Fragment of Wnt3a/Wnt5a Reduces Infarct Expansion and Prevents the Development of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction (2011)

Blocking of Frizzled signaling reduces infarct expansion and preserves cardiac function after MI. Our findings underscore the potential of Frizzled receptors as a target for pharmacotherapy of cardiac remodeling after MI.
Terahertz detection using spectral domain interferometry (2012)

In this work, we present a novel method based on spectral domain interferometry for the electro-optic (EO) sampling of terahertz (THz) electric fields. This technique allows the use of thick crystals without the drawback of the over-rotation that may occur with intense THz sources, allowing longer temporal scans and thus, better spectral resolution. Using this technique, a phase difference of approximately 8898π can be measured, which is 18,000 times larger than the phase difference that could be measured using EO sampling.
Synthetic neuroactive steroids as new sedatives and anaesthetics: Back to the future (2021)

Since the 1990s, there has been waning interest in researching general anaesthetics (anaesthetics). Although currently used anaesthetics are mostly safe and effective, they are not without fault. In paediatric populations and neonatal animal models, they are associated with learning impairments and neurotoxicity. In an effort to research safer anaesthetics, we have gone back to re-examine neuroactive steroids as anaesthetics. Neuroactive steroids are steroids that have direct, local effects in the central nervous system. Since the discovery of their anaesthetic effects, neuroactive steroids have been consistently used in human or veterinary clinics as preferred anaesthetic agents. Although briefly abandoned for clinical use due to unwanted vehicle side effects, there has since been renewed interest in their therapeutic value. Neuroactive steroids are safe sedative/hypnotic and anaesthetic agents across various animal species. Importantly, unlike traditional anaesthetics, they do not cause extensive neurotoxicity in the developing rodent brain. Similar to traditional anaesthetics, neuroactive steroids are modulators of synaptic and extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA<sub>A</sub> ) receptors and their interactions at the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor are stereo- and enantioselective. Recent work has also shown that these agents act on other ion channels, such as high- and low-voltage-activated calcium channels. Through these mechanisms of action, neuroactive steroids modulate neuronal excitability, which results in characteristic burst suppression of the electroencephalogram, and a surgical plane of anaesthesia. However, in addition to their interactions with voltage and ligand gated ions channels, neuroactive steroids interact with membrane bound metabotropic receptors and xenobiotic receptors to facilitate signaling of prosurvival, antiapoptotic pathways. These pathways play a role in their neuroprotective effects in neuronal injury and may also prevent extensive apoptosis in the developing brain during anaesthesia. The current review explores the history of neuroactive steroids as anaesthetics in humans and animal models, their diverse mechanisms of action, and their neuroprotective properties.