gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Synthesis of Optically Active Lactones <i>via</i> Asymmetric Bioreduction using Ene‐Reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme Family (2015)

Abstract In contrast to the widely studied asymmetric bioreduction of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acid esters catalyzed by ene‐reductases, the reaction applied to lactones remains unexplored. A broad set of ene‐reductases was found to reduce various α‐, β‐ and γ‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated butyrolactones to yield the corresponding saturated non‐racemic lactones. Substitution patterns greatly influenced activities and stereoselectivities and lactone products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields; importantly, enzyme‐based stereocontrol allowed access to both enantiomers in up to >99% ee . Chiral recognition of a distant γ‐center led to kinetic resolution with remarkable enantioselectivities (E values up to 49). An unprecedented case of dynamic kinetic resolution was observed with 3‐methyl‐5‐phenylfuran‐2(5 H )‐one, whereby spontaneous racemization of the substrate furnished the product in up to 73% conversion and >99% ee and 96% de . magnified image
Cation-Exchange-Derived InGaP Alloy Quantum Dots toward Blue Emissivity (2020)

In contrast to a substantial progress of heavy metal-free green and red emitters exclusively from indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs), the development of non-Cd blue QDs remains nearly unexplored. The synthesis of blue InP QDs with a bright, deep-blue emissivity is not likely viable, which is primarily associated with their intrinsic size limitation. To surmount this challenge, herein, the first synthesis of blue-emissive ternary InGaP QDs through In3+-to-Ga3+ cation-exchange strategy is implemented. Pregrown InP QDs turn out to be efficiently Ga-alloyed at a relatively low temperature of 280 °C in the presence of Ga iodide (GaI3), and the degree of Ga alloying is also found to be systematically adjustable by varying GaI3 amounts. Such cation-exchanged InGaP cores are surface-passivated sequentially with ZnSeS inner and ZnS outer shells. As the amount of GaI3 added for cation exchange increases, the resulting double-shelled InGaP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs produce consistent blue shifts in photoluminescence (PL) from 475 to 465 nm, while maintaining high PL quantum yield in the range of 80–82%. Among a series of QD samples, above 465 nm emitting InGaP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs are further employed as an emitting layer of an all-solution-processed electroluminescent device. This unprecedented InGaP QD-based blue device generates maximum values of 1038 cd/m2 in luminance and 2.5% in external quantum efficiency.
Activity and In-Situ Xas Studies of Promoted Copper and Zinc Oxide Catalysts for Hydrogen Production by Methanol Partial Oxidation (2022)

A three step high throughput catalytic screening process was used to evaluate the activity and selectivity of copper and zinc based methanol partial oxidation catalysts. The most active catalyst preparations contained both palladium and zirconium promoters. The high activity and selectivity obtained from the doubly promoted 7Cu/3Zn/1Zr-1Pd composition suggested a synergy between palladium and zirconium promoters. <p>Characterization studies showed that the zirconia promoter significantly enhanced characteristics such as surface area, dispersion, crystallite size, and deactivation resistance, leading to lowered reduction temperature. However the zirconia promoter alone only slightly lowered the reaction light off temperature. Unlike zirconia, the palladium promoter did not significantly alter microstructural characteristics of the catalyst. Palladium was shown to significantly lower the reduction temperature regardless of initial CuO crystallite size, which suggests that palladium enhances the catalytic activity by increasing copper reducibility. Copper K edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed palladium promoted catalysts are more easily reduced to Cu0 under reaction conditions. Palladium x-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine that formation of Pd-Cu alloys is preferred over Pd-Zn alloys. </p><p>Using a four step model reaction pathway it was found that the combination of palladium and zirconia promoters significantly lowers the activation energy of the methanol combustion and steam reforming reactions. However, promoter materials do not influence the methanol decomposition and water gas shift activation energies because of the similarity of catalyst state at high reaction temperatures regardless of promoter materials. In reformer simulations it was found that approximately 5 grams of catalyst is needed to power a notebook computer. </p><p>Combustion synthesized catalysts were shown to have activity similar to bulk prepared catalysts, despite lower copper area, suggesting higher turn over rate. It was found that changing the palladium loading to the surface from the bulk did not significantly affect catalytic activity, most likely due to encapsulation of Pd by alloying with copper. An exploration of preparing structured catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis methods showed that intimate contact of copper with certain oxide phases is required for high activity.</p>
Smells Are Sensitive to Developers! On the Efficiency of (Un)Guided Customized Detection (2017)

Code smells indicate poor implementation choices that may hinder program comprehension and maintenance. Their informal definition allows developers to follow different heuristics to detect smells in their projects. Machine learning has been used to customize smell detection according to the developer's perception. However, such customization is not guided (i.e. constrained) to consider alternative heuristics used by developers when detecting smells. As a result, their customization might not be efficient, requiring a considerable effort to reach high effectiveness. In fact, there is no empirical knowledge yet about the efficiency of such unguided approaches for supporting developer-sensitive smell detection. This paper presents Histrategy, a guided customization technique to improve the efficiency on smell detection. Histrategy considers a limited set of detection strategies, produced from different detection heuristics, as input of a customization process. The output of the customization process consists of a detection strategy tailored to each developer. The technique was evaluated in an experimental study with 48 developers and four types of code smells. The results showed that Histrategy is able to outperform six widely adopted machine learning algorithms - used in unguided approaches - both in effectiveness and efficiency. It was also confirmed that most developers benefit from using alternative heuristics to: (i) build their tailored detection strategies, and (ii) achieve efficient smell detection.
Disrupting Continuity of Apple’s Wireless Ecosystem Security: New Tracking, DoS, and MitM Attacks on iOS and macOS Through Bluetooth Low Energy, AWDL, and Wi-Fi (2022)

Apple controls one of the largest mobile ecosystems, with 1.5 billion active devices worldwide, and offers twelve proprietary wireless Continuity services. Previous works have unveiled several security and privacy issues in the involved protocols. These works extensively studied AirDrop while the coverage of the remaining vast Continuity service space is still low. To facilitate the cumbersome reverse-engineering process, we describe the first guide on how to approach a structured analysis of the involved protocols using several vantage points available on macOS. Also, we develop a toolkit to automate parts of this otherwise manual process. Based on this guide, we analyze the full protocol stacks involved in three Continuity services, in particular, Handoff (HO), Universal Clipboard (UC), and Wi-Fi Password Sharing (PWS). We discover several vulnerabilities spanning from Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) advertisements to Apple's proprietary authentication protocols. These flaws allow for device tracking via HO's mDNS responses, a denial-of-service (DoS) attack on HO and UC, a DoS attack on PWS that prevents Wi-Fi password entry, and a machine-in-the-middle (MitM) attack on PWS that connects a target to an attacker-controlled Wi-Fi network. Our PoC implementations demonstrate that the attacks can be mounted using affordable off-the-shelf hardware ($20 micro:bit and a Wi-Fi card). Finally, we suggest practical mitigations and share our findings with Apple, who have started to release fixes through iOS and macOS updates.
Polarization sensitive elements fabricated by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass [Invited] (2011)

We review recent progress in application of femtosecond laser nanostructuring of fused silica. The tight control of nanostructures’ properties through writing parameters is demonstrated implementing elements with unique optical properties, which can be widely used in material processing, microscopy, optical trapping and manipulation.
New Insights into Various Production Characteristics of Streptococcus thermophilus Strains (2016)

<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> is one of the most valuable homo-fermentative lactic acid bacteria, which, for a long time, has been widely used as a starter for the production of fermented dairy products. The key production characteristics of <i>S. thermophilus</i>, for example the production of extracellular polysaccharide, proteolytic enzymes and flavor substances as well as acidifying capacity etc., have an important effect on the quality of dairy products. The acidification capacity of the strains determines the manufacturing time and quality of dairy products. It depends on the sugar utilization ability of strains. The production of extracellular polysaccharide is beneficial for improving the texture of dairy products. Flavor substances increase the acceptability of dairy products. The proteolytic activity of the strain influences not only the absorption of the nitrogen source, but also the formation of flavor substances. Different strains have obvious differences in production characteristics via long-time evolution and adaptation to environment. Gaining new strains with novel and desirable characteristics is an important long-term goal for researchers and the fermenting industry. The understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms behind important characteristics of different strains will promote the screening and breeding of excellent strains. In this paper, key technological and functional properties of different <i>S. thermophilus</i> strains are discussed, including sugar metabolism, proteolytic system and amino acid metabolism, and polysaccharide and flavor substance biosynthesis. At the same time, diversity of genomes and plasmids of <i>S. thermophilus</i> are presented. Advances in research on key production characteristics and molecular levels of <i>S. thermophilus</i> will increase understanding of molecular mechanisms of different strains with different important characteristics, and improve the industrialization control level for fermented foods.
Asymmetric homogeneous hydrosilylation with chiral phosphine-palladium complexes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric homogeneous hydrosilylation with chiral phosphine-palladium complexesYoshihisa Kiso, Keiji Yamamoto, Kohei Tamao, and Makoto KumadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 12, 4373–4374Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00767a074RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1113Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (296 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Packet loss replacement in voip using a recursive low-order autoregressive model-based speech (2011)

In real-time packet-based communication systems one major problem is misrouted or delayed packets which results in degraded perceived voice quality. When some speech packets are not available on time, the packet is known as lost packet in real-time communication systems. The easiest task of a network terminal receiver is to replace silence for the duration of lost speech segments. In a high quality communication system in order to avoid quality reduction due to packet loss a suitable method and/or algorithm is needed to replace the missing segments of speech. In this paper, we introduce a recursive low order autoregressive (AR) model for replacement of lost speech segment. The evaluation results show that this method has a lower mean square error (MSE) and low complexity compared to the other efficient methods like high-order AR model without any substantial degradation in perceived voice quality.
Page segmentation and classification based on pattern-list analysis (2005)

In this paper, a new algorithm based on pattern-list analysis is proposed for page segmentation and classification. There are three steps in the algorithm: the bounding rectangle location, the pattern formation and the pattern classification, after which the patterns that may be wrongly classified are further classified by their contextual information. Experimental results show the accuracy of the algorithm in segmenting text and non-text regions, especially for the case of document images with irregular-shaped halftone regions. The algorithm is valid only for binary document images.
Model-Free Reinforcement Learning for Fully Cooperative Multi-Agent Graphical Games (2018)

In this paper, the optimal coordinated control problem for the homogeneous multi-agent graphical games with completely unknown dynamics is investigated. The off-policy reinforcement learning is proposed to approach the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation under the framework of centralized training and decentralized execution. The actor-critic structure is adopted to learn the optimal control policies. Note that the critic network is centralized using the information from all the agents, and the parameter sharing scheme is adopted for the single actor network during the training process. For the execution process, the centralized critic network is not required, and only the trained actor network is used for each agent to obtain the control input based on its individual observation. For the implementation purpose, the neural network approximators with the actor-critic structure are constructed to approach the optimal centralized value function and the optimal policies for the multiagent graphical games. Finally, a simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
High-resistant multispectral optical coatings for infrared applications (2013)

Hybrid diamondlike carbon (h-DLC) coatings for multispectral use combine the hardness of protective DLC coatings with the multispectral functionality of high-end IR coatings.
The Audience: Subjectivity, Community and the Ethics of Listening (1993)

In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, Player King accosts uncertain duo joyously, with words, audience! Don't move (21-22). In his monumental book on audience, Herbert Blau begins with a quotation from Virginia Woolf, audience. No echo. That's part of one's death (1). In his play, Offending Audience, Peter Handke announces, are topic. . . . You are center. You are occasion. You are reasons why (21). And in certain historical accounts, audiences are identified by dominant cultural ideas by such statements as Tillyard's: orthodox doctrines of rebellion and of monarch were shared by every section of community (64). If these uses of word are at all indicative of range of how is conventionally understood, they suggest how an audience is projected as a fixed point (Don't move), a dimension of self-reflection (No echo. That's part of one's death), a teleology (the reasons why) and an orthodoxy. In semiotic terms, audience is a sign for purpose (telos), a point of reception, an echo, an orthodoxy. One of first problems in trying to understand word comes with assumption that it signifies a collective version of a single consciousness rather than just desire for such unity. The word often appears to function as an image of unity created out of diversity, as a kind of e pluribus unum: an aggregate of individuals that together constitute a larger yet still singular individuality, as though the audience has a collective consciousness that is analogous to a unified individual subject. Such an assumption disintegrates rather quickly under pressure of both historical and deconstructive questions. The sign obviously, perhaps necessarily, conceals differences that make each individual member unique not only by various classifications of race, nation, class or gender, familial, social, educational, linguistic and experiential histories but also by particular position (literally and figuratively where one sits) in configuration of an event. Neither can word account for temporal aspects of history: that audiences change over
CMOS readout circuit allowing microbolometer arrays to operate without temperature stabilisation (2004)

A new CMOS readout circuit that controls the non-uniformity of microbolometer arrays as a function of operating temperature change is described. This circuit provides a nonlinear bias current for operating temperature using a MOS transistor that is operated in the subthreshold region. This approach allows microbolometer arrays to operate without temperature stabilisation up to an operating temperature change of approximately 40K.
Automatic Simulation of Users for Interactive Information Retrieval (2017)

Hiring and engaging real users for conducting user studies is costly and time consuming. Therefore, simulating users has been proposed as a resource saving solution. Simulation helps to predict users' performance with retrieval systems and could provide researchers with much needed insights. There is a growing body of research in simulating users but most of the research conducted in the field is based only on data about how real users interact with the Information Retrieval System (IRS) leaving out aspects describing information seeking behaviours and individual differences. Consequently, essential data about users is not accounted thus the models are less realistic. To overcome this issue, an alternative approach is proposed. It concerns looking at user behaviour and analysing all the influencing factors that contribute to the user profile in order to produce representative user models. Thus, the aim of this research is to build real user profiles in order to produce more realistic user simulation. We will achieve that by capturing information seeking behaviour through user studies and selecting those factors and attributes that make our user models more realistic and operational at the same time. Furthermore, the proposed approach will allow to reduce the number of real users needed to evaluate the system.
Parallel white noise generation on a GPU via cryptographic hash (2008)

A good random number generator is essential for many graphics applications. As more such applications move onto parallel processing, it is vital that a good parallel random number generator be used. Unfortunately, most random number generators today are still sequential, exposing performance bottlenecks and denying random accessibility for parallel computations. Furthermore, popular parallel random number generators are still based off sequential methods and can exhibit statistical bias.
Pasture: secure offline data access using commodity trusted hardware (2012)

This paper presents Pasture, a secure messaging and logging library that enables rich mobile experiences by providing secure offline data access. Without trusting users, applications, operating systems, or hypervisors, Pasture leverages commodity trusted hardware to provide two important safety properties: access-undeniability (a user cannot deny any offline data access obtained by his device without failing an audit) and verifiable-revocation (a user who generates a verifiable proof of revocation of unaccessed data can never access that data in the future).For practical viability, Pasture moves costly trusted hardware operations from common data access actions to uncommon recovery and checkpoint actions. We used Pasture to augment three applications with secure offline data access to provide high availability, rich functionality, and improved consistency. Our evaluation suggests that Pasture overheads are acceptable for these applications.
Inhibition of citric acid accumulation by manganese ions in Aspergillus niger mutants with reduced citrate control of phosphofructokinase (1986)

Mutant strains of Aspergillus niger with reduced citrate control of carbohydrate catabolism (cic mutants) grow faster than the parent strain on media containing 5% (wt/vol) citrate. The mutants tolerated a higher intracellular citrate concentration than the parent strain. One mutant (cic-7/3) contained phosphofructokinase activity significantly less sensitive towards citrate than the enzyme from the parent strain. When this mutant was grown under citrate-accumulating conditions, acidogenesis was far less sensitive to inhibition by Mn2+ than in the parent strain. Some of the cic mutants also showed altered citrate inhibition of NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase.
Temperature-Insensitive Interferometer Using a Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber Loop Mirror (2004)

Utilizing the high birefringence and the low-temperature coefficient of birefringence of the highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber (HiBi-PCF), a temperature-insensitive interferometer made from a HiBi-PCF fiber loop mirror (FLM) is achieved. For the wavelength spacing of 0.43 nm, a wavelength spacing variation with temperature of only 0.05 pm//spl deg/C, and a transmission peak shift of 0.3 pm//spl deg/C is demonstrated. The stability of the FLM is improved dramatically when it uses a HiBi-PCF, as compared to FLMs using conventional HiBi fibers.
Effects of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 on Osteoblasts In Vitro (2004)

Based on our findings, we conclude that sFRP3 decreased osteoblast proliferation and unexpectedly increased parameters of osteoblast differentiation. Based on our findings, we propose that sFRP3 may stimulate differentiation through a beta-catenin-independent pathway in addition to its previously known function as a decoy receptor for Wnt's.