gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of SiC Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Sinterability of TiB<sub>2</sub>-(2mol% Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) Composite (1992)

Ceramic TiB2-19.0-19.5wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) composites with 2.5-5.0wt% SiC were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) with and without a glass encapsulation. The effects of SiC addition on the mechanical properties and siterability of TiB2-20wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) HIP'ed bodies were investigated. The addition of SiC improved the sinterability of TiB2-20wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) appreciably. Composites of TiB2-19.0-19.5wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) with 2.5-5.0wt% SiC densified up to 96.7% of their theoretical densities by vacuum sintering at 1700°C for 14.4ks. These sintered bodies almost fully densified by capsule-free-HIP. On the other hand, TiB2-20wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) densified up to 63.7% by the same vacuum sintering. The addition of SiC was also effective in retarding the grain growth of TiB2 and ZrO2. The grain sizes of TiB2 and ZrO2 of TiB2-19.0-19.5wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2)-2.5-5.0wt% SiC HIP'ed bodies were about 1.5 and 1.2μm, respectively. They were about 2/3 of those of TiB2-20wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) HIP'ed bodies. The three-point bending strengths of TiB2-19.0-19.5wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2)-2.5-5.0wt% SiC glass-encapsulated-HIP'ed bodies were 1240MPa, which is slightly higher than that of TiB2-20wt% (2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) HIP'ed bodies. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were not affected by the addition of 2.5-5.0wt% SiC. The mechaical properties of TiB2-(2mol% Y2O3-ZrO2) HIP'ed bodies were controlled by the monoclinic ZrO2 ratio in ZrO2 and monoclinic ZrO2 content in HIP'ed bodies, as we have reported in the previous paper. The addition of SiC affected them only slightly, so that the mechanical properties were also little affected.
X-Align: Improving the Scan Cell Observability of Response Compactors (2009)

While response compaction reduces the size of expected vectors that need to be stored on tester memory, the consequent information loss inevitably reflects into loss in test quality. Unknown x's further exacerbate the quality loss problem, as they mask out errors captured in other scan cells in the presence of response compactors. In this paper, we propose a technique that manipulates the x distribution in scan responses prior to their propagation into the response compactor. A block, which we refer to as x-align, inserted between the scan chains and the response compactor aligns response x's within the same slices as much as possible in order to increase the number of scan cells that can be observed through the compactor. The alignment of x's is achieved by delaying the scan-out operations in the scan chains, wherein the proper delay values are computed judiciously. We present an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation and a computationally efficient greedy heuristic for the computation of the delay values for scan chains. The x-align hardware is generic yet reconfigurable. An analysis of x distribution in a captured response helps compute the proper delay values, with which x-align is reconfigured to maximize the alignment of x's. The scan cell observability enhancement delivered by x-align paves the way for the utilization of simple response compactors, such as parity trees, yet providing high levels of test quality even in the presence of a large density of response x's. X-align can also be utilized with any response compactor to manipulate the x distribution in favor of the compactor, thus improving the test quality attained.
Method of reducing the adaption time in the cancellation of repetitive vibration (1984)

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Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Utrophin Promoter (1996)

Utrophin is a ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein which is an important structural component of the mammalian neuromuscular junction. It shows extensive sequence similarity to dystrophin leading to postulation that utrophin may be able to compensate for the absence of dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. In order to study the transcriptional control of utrophin expression including its regulation at the neuromuscular junction, and as a first step in the development of a potential DMD therapy, we have cloned the utrophin promoter region from human and mouse. The utrophin promoter is associated with a CpG island at the 5'-end of the gene, and sequence analysis of the 5'-UTR reveals several Sp1 binding sites and the absence of TATA or CAAT motifs. Transcription is initiated at one major and three minor sites. Using deletion constructs, we have defined an active promoter region of 155 bp. The first exon and 900 bp upstream display limited sequence conservation between human and mouse. The core sequence TTCCGG of the N box which regulates synaptic expression of other genes is also present and may be involved in regulating the specific expression of utrophin at the postsynaptic membrane. This study provides the basis for the understanding of the regulatory mechanism that controls utrophin expression and provides the data needed to develop methods for the upregulation of utrophin in DMD patients.
Novel low-voltage low-power Gb/s transimpedance amplifier architecture (2003)

A novel current-mode transimpedance amplifier (TIA) architecture is proposed for optical receivers. This new architecture, based around the use of a uniquely biased common-base current buffer stage, allows stable, DC coupled TIAs to be designed in bipolar or CMOS processes operating from extremely low supply voltages and using very low levels of power. Noise performance is comparable to that of higher power designs that operate from higher supply rails. Simulation results have been obtained for a 47GHz fT SiGe BiCMOS process and also 0.25μm CMOS.
Approaches to the artificial heart. Invited speaker. (1981)

Over the last two decades, the implantable artificial heart has evolved from an idea to a device capable of completely supporting the circulation for periods now exceeding 5 months. Although initial animal studies were limited by thromboembolism and device breakage, the usual causes of death in experimental animals are now infection, atrioventricular valve obstruction, elastomer bladder calcification, or inadequate cardiac output because of the relatively rapid growth of the young calves. As a result of the bulky nature of the energy converter and the substantial risk of infection with large diameter percutaneous tubes, clinical use of their air-powered artificial hearts will be limited to patients who are awaiting or being prepared for heart transplantation. Artificial hearts with implanted energy converters are being developed for permanent heart replacement. These devices require well-designed, durable mechanical components and sophisticated control systems. Although initial designs centered around thermal engines powered by a completely implantable nuclear energy source, the excessive cost and potential dangers have shifted the focus away from the nuclear system. Several electrically driven artificial hearts, based on samarium-cobalt magnet brushless direct-current motors, are now undergoing bench testing and will be ready for long-term animal studies within 2 years. This research will culminate with the availability of an "off-the-shelf" electrically powered artificial heart for use in patients with a wide range of nonrepairable forms of end-stage heart disease.
Human adult endothelial cell (1984)

The purpose of the present study was to culture human adult endothelial cells (HAECs) on a long-term basis in the laboratory. Previous inability to accomplish this has been the major impediment to the in vitro study of endothelialization of prosthetic grafts with human cells, a problem of significant clinical relevance. We have been successful in developing a technique that allows HAECs from human adult arteries, veins, and capillaries to proliferate vigorously in culture for up to 80 population doublings. HAECs are grown on a gelatin surface (medium 199 containing 20% fetal calf serum). Heparin and endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) are required for optimal growth. With this technique, which will be described in detail, over 1 0 23 HAECs can be produced from each 1 cm 2 of vascular tissue. This makes large numbers of HAECs available for high-density seeding on prosthetic grafts prior to implantation. It also permits for the first time with human cells the in vitro study of prosthetic grafts--HAEC interactions and the factors that enhance optimal growth and adherence to prosthetic materials. It is hoped that identification of the factors promoting graft endothelialization in combination with high-density seeding
Optical output stabilization method for direct current arc lamps (1985)

A simple, effective technique for stabilizing the optical output of direct current (dc) arc lamps is described. The large output fluctuation due to arc wander in a commercially available lamp and power supply is minimized by the introduction of an alternating current (ac) waveform superimposed on the dc source voltage in conjunction with detector averaging. Arc stability is monitored indirectly by the detection of arc excited fluorescence from a standard sample. The monitored lamp output is typically maintained to within 1% relative standard deviation (RSD) by this method. Data are presented supporting the theory that arc wander is significantly reduced by the addition of an ac component to the dc lamp power. Various methods of ac introduction are discussed along with the design of a controllable oscillator circuit. The effects of variations in ac voltage and frequency on optical output stability are examined.
Human breast cancer cells contain an error-prone DNA replication apparatus. (1998)

The mechanisms responsible for creating genetic errors and genomic instability in cancer cells have not been fully defined. Recently, it has been shown that human cells contain a highly organized complex of proteins, termed the DNA synthesome, that is fully competent to carry out all phases of SV40 in vitro DNA replication (J. M. Coll et al, Oncol. Res., 8: 435-447, 1996; L. H. Malkas et al., Biochemistry, 29: 6362-6374, 1990; Y. Wu et al., J. Cell. Biochem., 54: 32-46, 1994; N. Applegren et al., J. Cell. Biochem., 54: 32-46, 1994). DNA replication fidelity analyses of the DNA synthesome derived from malignant and nonmalignant human breast cells demonstrate that the malignant cell synthesome is mutagenic. The decrease in tumor cell replication fidelity was not due to an increased proliferative capacity of the tumor cells or an increase in the synthetic activity of their DNA synthesome. The ratios of insertions, deletions, and mismatches created by the synthesome from malignant and nonmalignant breast cells were essentially identical, despite the greater overall number of mutations made by the breast cancer cell synthesome. These data define, for the first time, a mechanism unique to cancer cells that contributes to the observed increase in genetic mutation in cancer cells.
Molecular characterization of a leukotoxin gene from a Pasteurella haemolytica-like organism, encoding a new member of the RTX toxin family (1993)

A Pasteurella haemolytica-like organism, a new species of bacterium isolated from piglets with diarrhea, secretes a leukotoxin into the culture media. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis indicated that this leukotoxin cross-reacted with antileukotoxin antibody derived from cattle immunized with P. haemolytica. Five overlapping recombinant bacteriophages carrying the gene for this 105-kDa polypeptide were identified with a DNA probe containing sequences from the P. haemolytica lktCA genes from a P. haemolytica-like organism strain 5943 genomic library. Sequence analysis of a region of the cloned DNA revealed two open reading frames encoding proteins with predicted masses of 19.4 and 101.6 kDa. These genes, which we designate pllktC (P. haemolytica-like organism leukotoxin C gene) and pllktA (A gene), respectively, are similar in sequence to the RTX (repeat of toxin) toxin family. The structure of the 101.6-kDa protein derived from the DNA sequence shows three transmembrane domains in the N-terminal part of the protein, 13 glycine-rich repeat domains in the second half of the protein, and a hydrophobic C-terminal part. pllktC and pllktA are strongly homologous to P. haemolytica lktC and lktA genes. However, this leukotoxin kills both BL-3 and pig leukocytes and is not hemolytic.
Domain wall pinning for racetrack memory using exchange bias (2014)

The pinning of domain walls in ferromagnetic (F) wires is one possible technique for the creation of a solid state magnetic memory. Such a system has been under consideration for some time but one of the main limitations is the control of, and non-uniformity of the domain wall pinning. Techniques such as the lithographic definition of notches and steps in the substrate have had some success in creating local pins but have the disadvantage of being expensive to fabricate and the reproducibility of the domain wall pinning strength is limited. In this letter, we report on an alternative strategy to create pins of reproducible strength using crossed ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AF) wires such that exchange bias can be introduced at the crossing points. Such a system has the advantage of ease of fabrication and creating domain wall pins of controlled strength by varying the width of the AF wire. We have achieved domain wall pinning field strengths of up to 37 Oe in a system where the AF wire is deposited above the F wire which is comparable to the values achieved using notches.
Connectionist probability estimators in HMM speech recognition (1994)

The authors are concerned with integrating connectionist networks into a hidden Markov model (HMM) speech recognition system. This is achieved through a statistical interpretation of connectionist networks as probability estimators. They review the basis of HMM speech recognition and point out the possible benefits of incorporating connectionist networks. Issues necessary to the construction of a connectionist HMM recognition system are discussed, including choice of connectionist probability estimator. They describe the performance of such a system using a multilayer perceptron probability estimator evaluated on the speaker-independent DARPA Resource Management database. In conclusion, they show that a connectionist component improves a state-of-the-art HMM system.
Performance of CdZnTe detectors passivated with energetic oxygen atoms (1998)

Noise caused by surface-leakage current can degrade the performance of CdZnTe spectrometers, particularly devices with closely spaced contacts such as coplanar grid detectors. In order to reduce surface leakage, the authors are treating CdZnTe detector surfaces with energetic, neutral oxygen atoms. Energetic oxygen atoms react with the surface to form a resistive oxide layer. Because the reaction is effective at room temperature, deleterious heating of the substrate is avoided. In most cases, leakage current and noise are shown to decrease significantly after treatment. The effect of the treatment on the performance of coplanar grid detectors is presented.
Performance analysis of vapor compression refrigeration systems with oil-free linear compressor vapor injection and regeneration. (2021)

Previous studies showed that compressor vapor injection combined with economizing increases the efficiency of vapor compression cycles by decreasing compressor specific work and increasing cooling capacity. However, most of the previous studies focused on injection for scroll/screw compressors with oil or vapor gas, which limits the refrigerant compatibility and compressor designs. Recently, linear compressors have drawn much attention due to their high efficiencies and oil-free operation. The unique design of linear compressors allows the integration of cooling paths into the piston-cylinder assembly to cool the compressor by an economizing refrigerant. This paper proposes an oil-free linear compressor piston-cylinder cooling design and assesses its potential for approaching a quasi-isothermal compression process through utilization of refrigerant economizing and regeneration technology. A system simulation model was developed and used to analyze the system performance. Performance comparisons between the proposed system and a conventional system are presented along with an assessment of the improvement of system efficiencies.
Long-term power allocation for multi-channel Device-to-Device communication (2016)

In underlay Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, a D2D pair reuses the cellular spectrum and creates interference to regular cellular users. Achieving potential improvements in underlay D2D communication requires joint consideration for the achieved D2D rate and the interference to cellular users. In this work, we present stochastic optimization solutions to allocate the D2D transmission power over multiple resource blocks (RBs), to maximize the D2D rate, under a long-term sum-power constraint and long-term individual power constraints over each RB at the D2D transmitter. The long-term sum-power constraint limits the battery usage of the D2D transmitter, and the per-RB constraints give probabilistic guarantees on the interference to regular cellular users. The proposed optimization is applicable to both uplink and downlink cellular spectrum sharing. We present two dynamic algorithms to solve this stochastic optimization problem: a Lagrange dual based algorithm that is optimal but has high computational complexity, and a low-complexity heuristic based on dynamic time averaging. Through simulation, we show that the performance gap between optimal and heuristic algorithms is small, and effective long-term stochastic power optimization over the D2D shared RBs can lead to substantial gains in the ergodic sum rate between D2D and cellular users.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Spidron Fractal Slot Antenna with an Embedded Patch (2017)

In this communication, a wideband circularly polarized (CP) Spidron fractal microstrip antenna is proposed based on the concept of embedded structures. The proposed antenna is excited by a tapered microstrip feedline. A wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 28.81% (3.09–4.13 GHz) is obtained by merging the CP bands of the Spidron fractal slot and patch antennas. In addition, a measured −10 dB reflection bandwidth of 47.25% (2.57–4.16 GHz) is reported. The measured results are in reasonable concurrence with the simulated results. The measured gain varies between 2.12 dBic and 3.56 dBic within the AR bandwidth.
Identification of<i>Bacillus</i>Spores Using Clustering of Principal Components of Fluorescence Data (2005)

We have measured the fluorescence spectra of three different bacterial spores (B. globigii, B. cereus, and B. popillae) mixed with one of three different samples of domestic dust and using five excitation wavelengths. The data are analyzed with principal component analysis and clustered with partition around medoids method. We are able to correctly identify each of the samples, even with the dust involved. We also measured a separate preparation of B. globigii, ovalbumin, and corn smut fungal spores. All the B. globigii samples showed excellent clustering. The ovalbumin and corn smut spores showed weak or ambiguous clustering with B. cereus. While fluorescence combined with principal component analysis and clustering techniques shows strong promise to correctly identify bacterial spores, additional work is necessary to discriminate the fluorescence signals from other biological samples.
SALL1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by regulating cancer cell senescence and metastasis through the NuRD complex (2018)

Our studies indicate that the developmental control gene SALL1 plays a critical role in tumor suppression by recruiting the NuRD complex and thereby inducing cell senescence in breast cancer cells.
Robust, Error-Tolerant Photometric Projector Compensation (2015)

We propose a novel error tolerant optimization approach to generate a high-quality photometric compensated projection. The application of a non-linear color mapping function does not require radiometric pre-calibration of cameras or projectors. This characteristic improves the compensation quality compared with related linear methods if this approach is used with devices that apply complex color processing, such as single-chip digital light processing projectors. Our approach consists of a sparse sampling of the projector's color gamut and non-linear scattered data interpolation to generate the per-pixel mapping from the projector to camera colors in real time. To avoid out-of-gamut artifacts, the input image's luminance is automatically adjusted locally in an optional offline optimization step that maximizes the achievable contrast while preserving smooth input gradients without significant clipping errors. To minimize the appearance of color artifacts at high-frequency reflectance changes of the surface due to usually unavoidable slight projector vibrations and movement (drift), we show that a drift measurement and analysis step, when combined with per-pixel compensation image optimization, significantly decreases the visibility of such artifacts.
A two-stage high power density single-phase ac-dc bi-directional PWM converter for renewable energy systems (2010)

It is well-known that single-phase ac-dc conversion requires a bulky dc-link capacitor for filtering the ripple power from the grid. Also, in order to interface a dc renewable energy system to a single-phase utility grid, bi-directional power flow control and dc-bus voltage regulation are major concerns. By using an H-bridge in series with a bi-directional SR dc-dc converter, this paper proposes a two-stage topology as a grid-interfaced single-phase PWM converter which reduces the dc-link capacitor value. A bi-directional control system and a design process are also presented for the dc renewable energy system application. This converter can be easily integrated as a compact power module with intrinsic short-circuit protection ability, small converter volume, and the simplification of the system-level design. A 10 kW prototype and experimental results are presented for the verification purpose.
Deletion Mutants of the Attenuated Recombinant ASF Virus, BA71ΔCD2, Show Decreased Vaccine Efficacy (2021)

African swine fever (ASF) has become the major threat to the global swine industry. Lack of available commercial vaccines complicates the implementation of global control strategies. So far, only live attenuated ASF viruses (ASFV) have demonstrated solid protection efficacy at the experimental level. The implementation of molecular techniques has allowed the generation of a collection of deletion mutants lacking ASFV-specific virulence factors, some of them with promising potential as vaccine candidates against the pandemic genotype II ASFV strain currently circulating in Africa, Europe, Asia and Oceania. Despite promising results, there is room for improvement, mainly from the biosafety point of view. Aiming to improve the safety of BA71∆CD2, a cross-protective recombinant live attenuated virus (LAV) lacking the ASFV CD2v gene (encoding β-glucuronidase as a reporter gene) available in our laboratory, three new recombinants were generated using BA71∆CD2 as a template: the single mutant BA71∆CD2<i>f</i>, this time containing the fluorescent mCherry reporter gene instead of CD2v, and two double recombinants lacking CD2v and either the lectin gene (EP153R) or the uridine kinase (UK) gene (DP96R). Comparative in vivo experiments using BA71∆CD2<i>f</i>, BA71∆CD2DP96R and BA71∆CD2EP153R recombinant viruses as immunogens, demonstrated that deletion of either DP96R or EP153R from BA71∆CD2<i>f</i> decreases vaccine efficacy and does not improve safety. Our results additionally confirm ASFV challenge as the only available method today to evaluate the protective efficacy of any experimental vaccine. We believe that understanding the fine equilibrium between attenuation and inducing protection in vivo deserves further study and might contribute to more rational vaccine designs in the future.