gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cepstral domain talker stress compensation for robust speech recognition (1988)

A study of talker-stress-induced intraword variability and an algorithm that compensates for the systematic changes observed are presented. The study is based on hidden Markov models trained by speech tokens spoken in various talking styles. The talking styles include normal speech, fast speech, loud speech, soft speech, and taking with noise injected through earphones; the styles are designed to simulate speech produced under real stressful conditions. Cepstral coefficients are used as the parameters in the hidden Markov models. The stress compensation algorithm compensates for the variations in the cepstral coefficients in a hypothesis-driven manner. The functional form of the compensation is shown to correspond to the equalization of spectral tilts. Substantial reduction of error rates has been achieved when the cepstral domain compensation techniques were tested on the simulated-stress speech database. The hypothesis-driven compensation technique reduced the average error rate from 13.9% to 6.2%. When a more sophisticated recognizer was used, it reduced the error rate from 2.5% to 1.9%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased Blood Acetate: A New Laboratory Marker of Alcoholism and Heavy Drinking (1985)

Blood acetate concentration of 51 intoxicated patients was measured and compared to conventional laboratory markers of chronic alcoholism. Mean blood acetate concentration of 23 chronic alcoholics and 17 heavy drinkers was significantly (p less than 0.0005) higher than that of 53 nonalcoholic volunteers or 11 occasional drinkers. Blood acetate level was completely independent of blood ethanol concentration ranging from 0.20 to 2.90 promille. Blood acetate was elevated in 65% of both chronic alcoholics and heavy drinkers. Gammaglutamyltransferase was abnormal only in 35%, aspartate aminotransferase in 21% and mean corpuscular volume in 12% of heavy drinkers. Combination (acetate + gammaglutamyltransferase) correctly detected 87% of alcoholics and 71% of heavy drinkers. During ethanol oxidation the upper normal limit of blood acetate is 0.75 mM. The specificity of increased blood acetate is as high as 92%. Increased blood acetate is indicative for metabolic tolerance to alcohol and it may be so far the most sensitive and specific laboratory marker of chronic alcoholism and heavy drinking.
A highly integrated two channel MMIC down converter with gain control (2002)

A complete MMIC (monolithic microwave IC) down converter with variable-gain control has been fabricated. A 6-8-GHz RF input signal is converted using a fixed 10-GHz LO (local oscillator), to a two-channel 2-4-GHz IF. The die is highly integrated, including an RF preamplifier, a double-balanced mixer, an LO amplifier, a power divider, IF amplification, and two voltage-controlled IF amplifiers which provide variable-gain adjustment. Back vias are utilized to establish grounding for both DC and RF. Probe pads are also included for measuring chip-level performance. A circuit description, the design techniques, and measured performance results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power flow for resonance cone phenomena in planar anisotropic metamaterials (2003)

The metamaterial considered is a planar wire-grid network loaded with closely spaced, orthogonal capacitors and inductors, positioned over a ground plane and parallel to it. Excited by a single-frequency point source, this metamaterial exhibits conical high-field regions called "resonance cones" which extend outward from the source in directions predetermined by the load reactances, thus carrying RF power to specific points on the resistively terminated network edges. When two such metamaterials are interfaced, the cones traversing the interface can exhibit negative refraction as well as subwavelength focusing, phenomena supported by physical experiments and corresponding moment-method simulations. Poynting vector calculations based on the simulation data reveal power flow that follows the cones smoothly from the source and across the refraction interface. Electromagnetic field and Poynting vector calculations both exhibit potentially significant differences depending on whether they are done at the ground plane level or at the level of the anisotropic grid.
The Case of Reactive Arthritis Secondary to<i>Echinococcus</i>Infestation (2017)

Reactive arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease that develops after an infection and it usually occurs following a gastrointestinal or genitourinary system infection and it belongs to the family of arthritis called "spondyloarthritis." We wanted to represent a rare case of reactive arthritis secondary to <i>Echinococcus</i> infestation. Cyst hydatid disease is common in endemic regions like Turkey. Internal organ involvements, especially liver and lung, are most frequent involvements. Primary bone involvement is rare complication of <i>Echinococcus</i> infestation. In our case, the patient with <i>Echinococcus</i> infection developed right knee arthritis and sacroiliitis. Other reactive and oligoarthritis causes were excluded and diagnosis of reactive arthritis secondary to cyst hydatid infestation was done with the present findings. Cold pack and TENS treatment were applied as symptomatic treatment to the right knee of the patient. Acemetacin was given as medical treatment. On the 5th day of treatment, right knee and ankle arthritis were clinically regressed. In regions where the disease is seen as endemic, such as Turkey, patients with musculoskeletal symptoms should consider the possibility of musculoskeletal involvement due to the hydatid cyst.
Two point mutations convert a catalytically inactive carbonic anhydrase‐related protein (CARP) to an active enzyme (1996)

A murine carbonic anhydrase-related protein (CARP) has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. The polypeptide chain consists of 290 amino acid residues and has a calculated molecular mass of 32,950 Da. By introducing two mutations, Arg117 --> His and Glu115 --> Gln, we created a metal-binding center homologous to that in the carbonic anhydrases from the animal kingdom. In contrast to unmodified CARP, this double mutant was isolated as a 1:1 zinc-protein complex. While unmodified CARP is catalytically inactive, the mutant catalyzes CO2 hydration with a significantly higher efficiency than the mammalian low-activity carbonic anhydrase isozyme III. The activity is strongly inhibited by the powerful and selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide.
Multiplication of different Legionella species in Mono Mac 6 cells and in Acanthamoeba castellanii (1997)

Survival and distribution of legionellae in the environment are assumed to be associated with their multiplication in amoebae, whereas the ability to multiply in macrophages is usually regarded to correspond to pathogenicity. Since most investigations focused on Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, we examined the intracellular multiplication of different Legionella species in Mono Mac 6 cells, which express phenotypic and functional features of mature monocytes, and in Acanthamoeba castellanii, an environmental host of Legionella spp. According to the bacterial doubling time in Mono Mac 6 cells and in A. castellanii, seven clusters of legionellae could be defined which could be split further with regard to finer differences. L. longbeachae serogroup 1, L. jordanis, and L. anisa were not able to multiply in either A. castellanii or Mono Mac 6 cells and are members of the first cluster. L. dumoffi did not multiply in Mono Mac 6 cells but showed a delayed multiplication in A. castellanii 72 h after infection and is the only member of the second cluster. L. steigerwaltii, L. gormanii, L. pneumophila serogroup 6 ATCC 33215, L. bozemanii, and L. micdadei showed a stable bacterial count in Mono Mac 6 cells after infection but a decreasing count in amoebae. They can be regarded as members of the third cluster. As the only member of the fourth cluster, L. oakridgensis was able to multiply slight in Mono Mac 6 cells but was killed within amoebae. A strain of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 Philadelphia obtained after 30 passages on SMH agar and a strain of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 Philadelphia obtained after intraperitoneal growth in guinea pigs are members of the fifth cluster, which showed multiplication in Mono Mac 6 cells but a decrease of bacterial counts in A. castellanii. The sixth cluster is characterized by intracellular multiplication in both host cell systems and consists of several strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 Philadelphia, a strain of L. pneumophila serogroup 2, and a fresh clinical isolate of L. pneumophila serogroup 6. Members of the seventh cluster are a strain of agar-adapted L. pneumophila serogroup 1 Bellingham and a strain of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 Bellingham which was passaged fewer than three times on BCYE alpha agar after inoculation and intraperitoneal growth in guinea pigs. In comparison to members of the sixth cluster, both strains showed a slightly enhanced multiplication in Mono Mac 6 cells but a reduced multiplication in amoebae. From our investigations, we could demonstrate a correlation between prevalence of a given Legionella species and their intracellular multiplication in Mono Mac 6 cells. Multiplication of members of the genus Legionella in A. castellanii seems to be dependent on mechanisms different from those in monocytes.
Effect of selected organic and inorganic acids on corn wet-milling yields (1996)

The use of alternative organic and inorganic acid (phosphoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen chloride) to replace lactic acid in corn wet-milling steeping was studied. All acids were added into steepwater at a level of 0.55% (v/v) along with 0.2% (w/v) sulfur dioxide, steeped for 24 hr, and laboratory wet-milled to measure product yields and milling characteristics. All organic and inorganic acids added in the steep solution improved the yield of starch by an average of 4.36 percentage points over that of sulfur dioxide alone, with the increased starch coming primarily from the fiber fraction. The yield of starch was highly correlated to the difference of final and initial pH of the steepwater with a correlation coefficient of 0.9174 (P < 0.0001). Milling characteristics including gluten filtration time, germ skimming time, and percent of fiber in germ were improved by the addition of the acids. There was no practical difference in starch protein content due to the use of different acids. Acids other than lactic acid could be added into steeping systems where lactic acid fermentation does not occur to enhance the action of sulfur dioxide, to improve the yield of starch, and to facilitate separation of starch and protein.
Insecticidal activity of <i>N</i>‐arylalkylbenzhydrolpiperidines (2002)

Benzhydrolpiperidine (BZP) insecticides represent a novel class of chemistry. Their specificity and efficacy as well as their low mammalian toxicity give them excellent potential for commercialization. Several N-arylalkylbenzhydrolpiperidines were tested for activity against a variety of insects in the laboratory and greenhouse. These tests were used to select compounds for field trials and determine rates of application for field tests. The BZP compounds have good activity against Lepidoptera, with modest Coleoptera activity. They are toxic by oral administration and have about 100-fold lower activity by topical exposure. A methyl carbamate BZP, F4265, was the most active compound, with LC50 values of 6 mg litre(-1) or less for most Lepidopteran species tested. F4265 was active in a variety of field trials at 112-224gAI ha(-1). Whole-plant testing methods conducted in the greenhouse were effective in determining field test rates.
Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: oxidative stress and renal function (2001)

Only mild signs of oxidative stress and no renal dysfunction were found during and after off-pump CABG compared with on-pump CABG.
Fast universal coding with context models (1999)

A universal code using context models is constructed, which is optimal in the strong sense that the mean per symbol code length approaches asymptotically the entropy of any data generating tree machine at the fastest possible rate. The number of coding operations required is O (n log log n) for a string of length n, which is much less than in the earlier codes using context models. This is made possible by two new results. The first is a theorem stating that the updates required for universality need be done only once for each batch, the length of which grows at nearly exponential rate in the number of batches. The second is a fast implementation of the tree-building part in algorithm context.
Haptic-Emoticon: Haptic Content Creation and Sharing System To Enhancing Text-Based Communication (2016)

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce Haptic-Emoticon, which is used in a text message. It expresses a writer’s emotion and/or decorates the message with physical stimulus on a reader’s skin. We employ stroking motions for that purpose. The motions are represented as a 2D trajectory so that a writer can create the Haptic-Emoticon with a conventional pointing input device. The input line is recorded as an image data in an existing image format. The Haptic-Emoticon can be shared on Twitter network because it is an image file. By employing Twitter, a worldwide SNS network, as an infrastructure for sharing the Haptic-Emoticon, we expect that users (writers and readers) evaluate their creative works each other. Moreover, by combing it with a Twitter text message, the Haptic-Emoticon could be a context aware haptic content to enrich text-based communication.
QPSK with Coherent Detection over Ultra-Long Distance Improved by Nonlinearity Mitigation (2007)

Coherent detection Is very promising for improving the capacity and reach of transmission systems. Assuming QPSK format, its performance is compared at 40 Gbit/s and after 3,060 km, with differential detection, and improved by mitigating nonlinearities digitally.
ThinPrep pap test: a platform for gynecological diagnosis. (2001)

Many of the limitations of the conventional method of Pap smear preparation have been overcome by collection of the cervical sample in liquid, and subsequent preparation to create a thin-layer microscope slides. Particularly impressive has been the large body of literature that describes the benefits of the ThinPrep Pap Test, in terms of increased sensitivity of high-grade disease detection, excellent specificity, robust cost effectiveness, and a platform from which additional testing can be performed. The benefits of the ThinPrep are particularly evident in underscreened populations, or in women who are infrequently screened, or in the setting of a national program.
Minimal readout scheme for ISFET sensing arrays based on pulse width modulation (2012)

Proposed is an ISFET readout scheme with minimum analogue components to minimise parasitic and noise effects in large-scale chemical sensing arrays. For each array pixel, a pair of complementary ISFETs shares the same floating gate in an inverter configuration. An additional electrical input is capacitively coupled to the same floating gate with a periodic reference signal input. In this way, the conventional ISFET analogue output is replaced by a chemically controlled pulse width modulated signal. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show a pulse width pH sensitivity of around 6%, of the input reference signal period, per pH. This is achieved along with ±1 V offset suppressing capability.
Degradation in Gas Turbine Systems (2000)

Any prime mover exhibits the effects of wear and tear over time. The problem of predicting the effects of wear and tear on the performance of any engine is still a matter of discussion. Because the function of a gas turbine is the result of the fine tuned cooperation of many different components, the emphasis of this paper is on the gas turbine and its driven equipment (compressor or pump) as a system, rather than on isolated components. We will discuss the effect of degradation on the package as part of a complex system (e.g. a pipeline, a reinjection station, etc.). Treating the gas turbine package as a system reveals the effects of degradation on the match of the components as well as on the match with the driven equipment. This article will contribute insights into the problem of gas turbine system degradation. Based on some detailed studies on the mechanisms that cause engine degradation, namely - changes in blade surfaces due to erosion or fouling, and the effect on the blade aerodynamics; - changes in seal geometries and clearances, and the effect on parasitic flows, - changes in the combustion system (e.g. which result in different pattern factors), the effects of degradation will be discussed. The study includes a methodology to simulate the effects of engine and driven equipment degradation. With a relatively simple set of equations that describe the engine behavior, and a number of linear deviation factors, which can easily be obtained from engine maps or test data, the equipment behavior for various degrees of degradation will be studied. A second model, using a stage by stage model for the engine compressor, is used to model the compressor deterioration. The authors have avoided to present figures about the speed of degradation, because it is subject to a variety of operational and design factors, that typically cannot be controlled entirely.
Reducing data transfer for charts on adaptive web sites (2013)

Web content is consumed on devices with a significant variation in display resolution. Visualizing data is typically performed by extracting data from a database for transmission to the client and then visualizing it with a client-side Javascript library. A major challenge is to retrieve only the required data for visualization. Current approaches require programmers to manually modify their data extraction queries and do not adapt to client display characteristics. The contribution in this work is a configurable data compression method that automatically adapts the amount of data transmitted for client-side visualization based on device characteristics. We evaluate several different techniques for time series summarization and show the amount of data transmitted can be reduced by between 40% and 80% on standard data sets while preserving pixel-perfect visualization.
Spin‐echo and gradient‐echo epi of human brain activation using bold contrast: A comparative study at 1.5 T (1994)

In this study, Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) contrast in the detection of human brain activation was compared between spin-echo and gradient-echo echo-planar sequences at 1.5 T. Time course series of spin-echo and gradient-echo images containing the primary motor cortex were collected during rest (no finger movement) and activation (finger movement). Each time course series was collected using a different TE. Resting and active state signal intensities at each TE were measured in identical regions in the motor cortex. From these data, resting and active state R2 (1/T2) and R2* (1/T2*) values were obtained. Across four subjects, brain activation produced an average R2 change of -0.16 +/- 0.02/s (+/- SE), and an average R2* change of -0.55 +/- 0.08/s. The average delta R2*/delta R2 ratio was 3.52 +/- 0.56. The average gradient-echo/spin-echo ratio of activation-induced signal changes at the TE for maximal BOLD contrast for each sequence (TE approximately T2* and T2) was calculated to be 1.87 +/- 0.40.
Observing Human-Object Interactions: Using Spatial and Functional Compatibility for Recognition (2009)

Interpretation of images and videos containing humans interacting with different objects is a daunting task. It involves understanding scene/event, analyzing human movements, recognizing manipulable objects, and observing the effect of the human movement on those objects. While each of these perceptual tasks can be conducted independently, recognition rate improves when interactions between them are considered. Motivated by psychological studies of human perception, we present a Bayesian approach which integrates various perceptual tasks involved in understanding human-object interactions. Previous approaches to object and action recognition rely on static shape/appearance feature matching and motion analysis, respectively. Our approach goes beyond these traditional approaches and applies spatial and functional constraints on each of the perceptual elements for coherent semantic interpretation. Such constraints allow us to recognize objects and actions when the appearances are not discriminative enough. We also demonstrate the use of such constraints in recognition of actions from static images without using any motion information.
Intracellular inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation by peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) (2004)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiological agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Current therapies are not effective in all patients and can result in the generation of resistant mutants, leading to a need for new therapeutic options. HCV has an RNA genome that contains a well-defined and highly conserved secondary structure within the 5'-untranslated region. This structure is known as the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and is necessary for translation and viral replication. Here, we test the hypothesis that antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligomers can bind key IRES sequences and block translation. We used lipid-mediated transfections to introduce PNAs and LNAs into cells. Our data suggest that PNAs and LNAs can invade critical sequences within the HCV IRES and inhibit translation. Seventeen base PNA or LNA oligomers targeting different regions of the HCV IRES demonstrated a sequence-specific dose-response inhibition of translation with EC(50) values of 50-150 nM. Inhibition was also achieved by PNAs ranging in length from 15 to 21 bases. IRES-directed inhibition of gene expression widens the range of mechanisms for antisense inhibition by PNAs and LNAs and may provide further therapeutic lead compounds for the treatment of HCV.
Autoantibodies in Patients with Acute Salpingitis Caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis (1982)

Autoantibodies were investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method in 10 women with salpingitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and in 22 controls. Smooth-muscle antibodies (SMA) of the IgG and IgM class and IgM-antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were found more frequently in patients with salpingitis than in controls (p = 0.024, p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively), but the titres were low (10-80) in both groups. Other antibodies (IgG-ANA, glomerular antibodies, parietal cell antibodies and reticulin antibodies) were uncommon in both patients and in controls. An in virus and mycoplasma infections IgM-SMA occurred most often in the beginning of the disease.