gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Pump-Out Volume and Time Based on Sensitivity Analysis for an Efficient Sampling Operation: Prejob Modeling Through a Near-Wellbore Simulator (2005)

Abstract Recently, advanced wireline formation testers are being utilized to obtain clean formation samples more often than in the past. Because obtaining clean samples requires a long pumping operation, knowing the required pump-out volume and time for the given formation condition is very important for an efficient and safe operation. This paper shows an application of a new near wellbore simulator to prejob modeling of sampling jobs to assist selecting sampling depth, pumping rate, and minimum-required time and volume to reach a target contamination level. Advanced formation testers are equipped with sensors that can distinguish the formation hydrocarbon from mud filtrate. The operation may require extended pumping, which may cause problems like tool sticking, mud weight control, inefficient or prohibitive pumping time, or a slim possibility of good samples due to deep invasion. These problems are more pronounced in deep, extended reach wells offshore where rig costs are high. Therefore, careful planning is required to obtain clean formation samples, either hydrocarbon or water. It is especially important for sampling of formation oil when oil-based mud or synthetic mud is used. To facilitate optimum sampling operations, a newly developed near wellbore simulator is applied for a prejob modeling sensitivity analysis. The simulator is based on a black oil reservoir simulator and can handle a three dimensional, multi-phase flow in the near-wellbore area by incorporating wellbore and formation tester tool factors. Under the given formation parameters of porosity, capillary pressure, and relative permeability, the effects of permeability, anisotropy, formation thickness, pumping rate, probe depth relative to the formation thickness, and invasion depth are investigated. Field application results for a gas condensate sampling and a formation water sampling are presented in the paper. The pump-out volume and time under various formation conditions to reach a 5- percent contamination level were estimated during the prejob planning stage, and a near infrared spectrometer sensor was used for fluid identification in the actual pumping operation. The prejob modeling results match very well with the sensor responses and the laboratory analysis results further confirm the excellent sample quality with very low contamination. The success of the sampling operation demonstrated the benefits and importance of the well planned, prejob modeling work.
Zn<sup>2+</sup> Slows Down Ca<sub>V</sub>3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for Thalamocortical Activity (2007)

We employed whole cell patch-clamp recordings to establish the effect of Zn(2+) on the gating the brain specific, T-type channel isoform Ca(V)3.3 expressed in HEK-293 cells. Zn(2+) (300 microM) modified the gating kinetics of this channel without influencing its steady-state properties. When inward Ca(2+) currents were elicited by step depolarizations at voltages above the threshold for channel opening, current inactivation was significantly slowed down while current activation was moderately affected. In addition, Zn(2+) slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn(2+) also decreased whole cell Ca(2+) permeability to 45% of control values. In the presence of Zn(2+), Ca(2+) currents evoked by mock action potentials were more persistent than in its absence. Furthermore, computer simulation of action potential generation in thalamic reticular cells performed to model the gating effect of Zn(2+) on T-type channels (while leaving the kinetic parameters of voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) unchanged) revealed that Zn(2+) increased the frequency and the duration of burst firing, which is known to depend on T-type channel activity. In line with this finding, we discovered that chelation of endogenous Zn(2+) decreased the frequency of occurrence of ictal-like epileptiform discharges in rat thalamocortical slices perfused with medium containing the convulsant 4-aminopyridine (50 microM). These data demonstrate that Zn(2+) modulates Ca(V)3.3 channel gating thus leading to increased neuronal excitability. We also propose that endogenous Zn(2+) may have a role in controlling thalamocortical oscillations.
Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods as Photoacoustic Signal Nanoamplifiers (2011)

Photoacoustic signal generation by metal nanoparticles relies on the efficient conversion of light to heat, its transfer to the environment, and the production of pressure transients. In this study we demonstrate that a dielectric shell has a strong influence on the amplitude of the generated photoacoustic signal and that silica-coated gold nanorods of the same optical density are capable of producing about 3-fold higher photoacoustic signals than nanorods without silica coating. Spectrophotometry measurements and finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis of gold nanorods before and after silica coating showed only an insignificant change of the extinction and absorption cross sections, hence indicating that the enhancement is not attributable to changes in absorption cross section resulting from the silica coating. Several factors including the silica thickness, the gold/silica interface, and the surrounding solvent were varied to investigate their effect on the photoacoustic signal produced from silica-coated gold nanorods. The results suggest that the enhancement is caused by the reduction of the gold interfacial thermal resistance with the solvent due to the silica coating. The strong contrast enhancement in photoacoustic imaging, demonstrated using phantoms with silica-coated nanorods, shows that these hybrid particles acting as "photoacoustic nanoamplifiers" are high efficiency contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging or photoacoustic image-guided therapy.
A comparison of simulated annealing cooling strategies (1998)

Using computer experiments on a simple three-state system and an NP-complete system of permanents we compare different proposed simulated annealing schedules in order to find the cooling strategy which has the least total entropy production during the annealing process for given initial and final states and fixed number of iterations. The schedules considered are constant thermodynamic speed, exponential, logarithmic, and linear cooling schedules. The constant thermodynamic speed schedule is shown to be the best. We are actually considering two different schedules with constant thermodynamic speed, the original one valid for near-equilibrium processes, and a version based on the natural timescale valid also at higher speeds. The latter one delivers better results, especially in case of fast cooling or when the system is far from equilibrium. Also with the lowest energy encountered during the entire optimization (the best-so-far-energy) as the indicator of merit, constant thermodynamic speed is superior. Finally, we have compared two different estimators of the relaxation time. One estimator is using the second largest eigenvalue of the thermalized form of the transition probability matrix and the other is using a simpler approximation for small deviations from equilibrium. These two different expressions only agree at high temperatures.
Perspectives of hyperpolarized noble gas MRI beyond 3He (2012)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies with hyperpolarized (hp) noble gases are at an exciting interface between physics, chemistry, materials science and biomedical sciences. This paper intends to provide a brief overview and outlook of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hp noble gases other than hp (3)He. A particular focus are the many intriguing experiments with (129)Xe, some of which have already matured to useful MRI protocols, while others display high potential for future MRI applications. Quite naturally for MRI applications the major usage so far has been for biomedical research but perspectives for engineering and materials science studies are also provided. In addition, the prospects for surface sensitive contrast with hp (83)Kr MRI is discussed.
Oligonucleotides decoy to NF-kappaB: becoming a reality? (2011)

In the last two decades, frontiers in new drug development are represented by genetic code inhibitors. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor playing critical roles in many inflammatory/immune diseases. Decoy oligonucleotides (decoy ONs) epitomize an ideal pharmacological tool to selectively block NF-κB activation. Their use is currently being investigated in several chronic inflammatory-based diseases. However, decoy ONs' clinical use is strongly hampered by several issues. Chemical modifications and/or delivery systems have been investigated to overcome some of these limits. This review describes the successful preclinical and clinical applications of decoy ON against NF-κB in inflammatory-based diseases.
Efficient minimum spanning tree construction without Delaunay triangulation (2001)

Minimum spanning tree problem is a very important problem in VLSI CAD. Given n points in a plane, a minimum spanning tree is a set of edges which connects all the points and has a minimum total length. A naive approach enumerates edges on all pairs of points and takes at least ω(n2) time. More efficient approaches find a minimum spanning tree only among edges in the Delaunay triangulation of the points. However, Delaunay triangulation is not well defined in rectilinear distance. In this paper, we first establish a framework for minimum spanning tree construction which is based on a general concept of spanning graphs. A spanning graph is a natural definition and not necessarily a Delaunay triangulation. Based on this framework, we then design an O(n log n) sweep-line algorithm to construct a rectilinear minimum spanning tree without using Delaunay triangulation.
A Proteomic-Based Approach for Detection of Chicken in Meat Mixes (2010)

A proteomic-based method has been developed for the detection of chicken meat within mixed meat preparations. The procedure is robust and simple, comprising the extraction of myofibrillar proteins, enrichment of target proteins using OFFGEL isoelectric focusing, in-solution trypsin digestion of myosin light chain 3, and analysis of the generated peptides by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this approach, it was possible for example to detect 0.5% contaminating chicken in pork meat with high confidence. Quantitative detection of chicken meat was done by using AQUA stable isotope peptides made from the sequence of previously selected species-specific peptide biomarkers. Linearity was observed between the amount of the peptide biomarker and the amount of chicken present in the mixture; further independent replication is required now to validate the method. Apart from its simplicity, this approach has the advantage that it can be used effectively for the detection of both raw and cooked meat. The method is robust, reliable, and sensitive, representing a serious alternative to methods currently in use for these purposes. It is amenable to highly processed foods which can be particularly problematic, as the tertiary protein structure is often affected in processed food precluding immunoassays. In addition, this proteomic analysis will permit the determination of definitive discriminatory sequence, unlike the DNA PCR based methods used presently. The present article also demonstrates the translation of the technology to routine mass spectrometry equipment, making the methodology suitable for public analysts.
Corporate management and clinical autonomy: The ethical dilemma in mental health (1997)

Funding constraints and management practices are increasing pressure on clinical autonomy within Australian mental health services. The introduction of total quality management, output-based funding and changes to public mental health policy have promoted business-like efficiency and increased control of resources. It is argued that such moves significantly circumscribe the discretionary authority that mental health professionals have previously enjoyed. This paper attempts to highlight the ethical and moral tension inherent with a corporate management approach, and calls for mental health services to acknowledge the value of intellectual capital, creativity and innovation.
Competition in Water and Sanitation : The Role of Small-Scale Entrepreneurs (1998)

In water and sanitation there has always been a belief that the sector has a high degree of natural monopoly. But competition is widespread at the low-income end of the retail level in developing countries. There are no inherent monopoly characteristics in, for example, reselling water by bucket. This Note explores the diversity of small scale entrepreneurs and their role in meeting unserved niches of the water and sanitation market. Indeed, small enterprises often account for a larger share of the market than incumbent utilities and they are well placed to complement and even compete with trunk concessions and public companies in tailoring service to the poor. So in designing concessions or any long term rules for the sector, governments should take account of existing or potential small providers.
Bone Turnover Markers for Diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis – A review (2023)

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an age related skeletal metabolic disorder that affects most elderly women worldwide owing to the loss of estrogen activity, increase in bone turnover rate and circulating level of bone turnover markers. Although osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, and pro-collagen type I N- and C-terminal pro-peptides are considered as the most sensitive markers of bone formation however, they suffer some limitations. Consequently, periostin, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein (Dkk-1) are emerging diagnosis markers of bone pathologies and monitoring therapeutic interventions and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These markers serve as effective tools for diagnosis of bone disorders, predict reduction in fracture risk, reflect metabolic effect of drugs during bone remodeling and could be used to establish the lowest dose that elicit the required change in bone mineral density. Biological variability from different sources including controllable and uncontrollable factors could serve as the major limitations of these established markers of bone formation (BFMs). This review, therefore focus on the therapeutic applications of selected bone turnover markers for early diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Towards a lattice-matching solid-state battery: synthesis of a new class of lithium-ion conductors with the spinel structure (2013)

Lithium ion batteries have conquered most of the portable electronics market and are now on the verge of deployment in large scale applications. To be competitive in the automotive and stationary sectors, however, they must be improved in the fields of safety and energy density (W h L(-1)). Solid-state batteries with a ceramic electrolyte offer the necessary advantages to significantly improve the current state-of-the-art technology. The major limit towards realizing a practical solid-state lithium-ion battery lies in the lack of viable ceramic ionic conductors. Only a few candidate materials are available, each carrying a difficult balance between advantages and drawbacks. Here we introduce a new class of possible solid-state lithium-ion conductors with the spinel structure. Such compounds could be coupled with spinel-type electrode materials to obtain a "lattice matching" solid device where low interfacial resistance could be achieved. Powders were prepared by wet chemistry, their structure was studied by means of diffraction techniques and magic angle spinning NMR, and Li(+) self-diffusion was estimated by static NMR line shape measurements. Profound differences in the Li(+) diffusion properties were observed depending on the composition, lithium content and cationic distribution. Local Li(+) hopping in the spinel materials is accompanied by a low activation energy of circa 0.35 eV being comparable with that of, e.g., LLZO-type garnets, which represent the current benchmark in this field. We propose these novel materials as a building block for a lattice-matching all-spinel solid-state battery with low interfacial resistance.
Limit cycle based walk of a powered 7DOF 3D biped with flat feet (2010)

Our ultimate goal is introducing energy-efficient walking patterns to actual humanoid robots. It is known that limit cycle based walking methods, e.g. Passive Dynamic Walking, have such a desired property. Unfortunately, the application of the methods has been limited to simple planar biped models. In this paper, we propose a way of extending limit cycle based walking pattern generation toward a 7DOF 3D biped with ankles, knees, an upper body and with flat feet. This is achieved via first decoupling roll and pitch motions in the frontal/sagittal planes, and then, by designing a limit cycle based walking pattern in the sagittal plane for a planar 5DOF model with ankles, knees and torso. Robustness of the motion is ensured via a feedback control method based on mechanical energy. Then, the planar motion pattern is projected back into 3D space by incorporating dynamic components for gravity compensation and designing a proper trajectory for ankle roll motion. The performances of the walking pattern generator and the controller are confirmed via numerical simulations. The results are presented also as animated motion of a 7DOF 3D biped in the accompanying video.
Interacting with augmented holograms (2005)

Holography and computer graphics are being used as tools to solve individual research, engineering, and presentation problems within several domains. Up until today, however, these tools have been applied separately. Our intention is to combine both technologies to create a powerful tool for science, industry and education. We are currently investigating the possibility of integrating computer generated graphics and holograms. This paper gives an overview over our latest results. It presents several applications of interaction techniques to graphically enhanced holograms and gives a first glance on a novel method that reconstructs depth from optical holograms.
First Wave Feminism (Ca. 1848–1960s) (2010)

First wave feminism refers to the earliest period of feminist activism during the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century in the United States and Britain. First wave feminism focused primarily on abolitionism, on obtaining female suffrage, and on eradicating inequalities between men and women inscribed in the legal system, such as women's lack of access to education and to medical, legal, and most other professions from which they were excluded. First wave feminists also fought for women's financial independence and the right to own and control property, and for equal salary and equal privileges at work. Later on in the movement, women's reproductive freedom, such as legal access to contraception, became an important part of first wave feminism, which included the right for women to own and take responsibility for their bodies in order to free married women from the tyrannical enslavement of their “owners” (husbands).
Inverse dynamics based on occlusion-resistant Kinect data: Is it usable for ergonomics? (2017)

Joint torques and forces are relevant quantities to estimate the biomechanical constraints of working tasks in ergonomics. However, inverse dynamics requires accurate motion capture data, which are generally not available in real manufacturing plants. Markerless and calibrationless measurement systems based on depth cameras, such as the Microsoft Kinect, are promising means to measure 3D poses in real time. Recent works have proposed methods to obtain reliable continuous skeleton data in cluttered environments, with occlusions and inappropriate sensor placement. In this paper, we evaluate the reliability of an inverse dynamics method based on this corrected skeleton data and its potential use to estimate joint torques and forces in such cluttered environments. To this end, we compared the calculated joint torques with those obtained with a reference inverse dynamics method based on an optoelectronic motion capture system. Results show that the Kinect skeleton data enabled the inverse dynamics process to deliver reliable joint torques in occlusion-free (r = 0.99 for the left shoulder elevation) and occluded (r = 0.91 for the left shoulder elevation) environments. However, differences remain between joint torques estimations. Such reliable joint torques open appealing perspectives for the use of new fatigue or solicitation indexes based on internal efforts measured on site. The study demonstrates that corrected Kinect data could be used to estimate internal joint torques, using an adapted inverse dynamics method. The method could be applied on-site because it can handle some cases with occlusions. The resulting Kinect-based method is easy-to-use, real-time and could assist ergonomists in risk evaluation on site.
Iminyl‐Radicals by Oxidation of α‐Imino‐oxy Acids: Photoredox‐Neutral Alkene Carboimination for the Synthesis of Pyrrolines (2017)

The visible-light-promoted decarboxylation of α-imino-oxy propionic acids for the generation of iminyl radicals has been accomplished through the use of Ir(dFCF<sub>3</sub> ppy)<sub>2</sub> (dtbbpy)PF<sub>6</sub> as a photoredox catalyst. Different from visible-light-promoted homolysis and single-electron reduction of oxime derivatives, this strategy provides a novel catalytic cycle for alkene carboimination through a sequence comprising N-radical generation, iminyl radical cyclization, intermolecular conjugate addition to a Michael acceptor, and single-electron reduction to afford various pyrroline derivatives in an overall redox-neutral process. The indolizidine alkaloid skeleton could be easily constructed from a pyrroline derivative prepared by this synthetic method.
Design considerations on low-voltage low-power data converters (1995)

In this paper, we discuss theoretical and practical issues concerning low-voltage and low-power data converters. By looking at a series of constraints affecting the design of basic elements and building blocks, the paper analyzes different architectures for Nyquist rate data converters and discusses important aspects of low-voltage and low-power operation. Following this, the minimization of power consumption in the very popular sigma-delta technique is considered. A number of hints and indications are provided throughout the paper.
Multidimensional Femtosecond Correlation Spectroscopies of Electronic and Vibrational Excitations (2000)

Femtosecond visible and infrared analogues of multiple-pulse nuclear magnetic resonance techniques provide novel snapshot probes into the structure and electronic and vibrational dynamics of complex molecular assemblies such as photosynthetic antennae, proteins, and hydrogen-bonded liquids. A classical-oscillator description of these spectroscopies in terms of interacting quasiparticles (rather than transitions among global eigenstates) is developed and sets the stage for designing new pulse sequences and inverting the multidimensional signals to yield molecular structures. Considerable computational advantages and a clear physical insight into the origin of the response and the relevant coherence sizes are provided by a real-space analysis of the underlying coherence-transfer pathways in Liouville space.