gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single Chip Color Processor for Device Independent Color Reproduction (1993)

A common requirement in the different color systems is “how to interchange a device independent color” The major objective of PRISM processor is to answer this requirement. In order to exchange the colors between different systems, a device dependent signal to/from the system must be converted into a device independent standard signal. The novel algorithm, “PRISM (Programmable Interpolation by Small Memory)” has been proposed. It has the following features to be applied for• Device independent color interchange.• Simple structure for LSI chip design.• Reduced computations for real time operation.• User definable applications.
Structure and mechanism of monoclonal antibody binding to the junctional epitope of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (2020)

Lasting protection has long been a goal for malaria vaccines. The major surface antigen on Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, the circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), has been an attractive target for vaccine development and most protective antibodies studied to date interact with the central NANP repeat region of PfCSP. However, it remains unclear what structural and functional characteristics correlate with better protection by one antibody over another. Binding to the junctional region between the N-terminal domain and central NANP repeats has been proposed to result in superior protection: this region initiates with the only NPDP sequence followed immediately by NANP. Here, we isolated antibodies in Kymab mice immunized with full-length recombinant PfCSP and two protective antibodies were selected for further study with reactivity against the junctional region. X-ray and EM structures of two monoclonal antibodies, mAb667 and mAb668, shed light on their differential affinity and specificity for the junctional region. Importantly, these antibodies also bind to the NANP repeat region with equal or better affinity. A comparison with an NANP-only binding antibody (mAb317) revealed roughly similar but statistically distinct levels of protection against sporozoite challenge in mouse liver burden models, suggesting that junctional antibody protection might relate to the ability to also cross-react with the NANP repeat region. Our findings indicate that additional efforts are necessary to isolate a true junctional antibody with no or much reduced affinity to the NANP region to elucidate the role of the junctional epitope in protection.
Swirl Ring Improves Performance Of Welding Torch (1995)

Plasma-arc welding torch modified to create vortex in plasma gas to focus arc into narrower and denser column. Swirl ring contains four channels with angled exit holes to force gas to swirl as it flows out of torch past tip of electrode. Degradation of electrode and orifice more uniform and need to rotate torch during operation to compensate for asymmetry in arc reduced or eliminated. Used in both keyhole and nonkeyhole welding modes.
Reconfigurable Antenna Assisted Intrusion Detection in Wireless Networks (2013)

Intrusion detection is a challenging problem in wireless networks due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. Physical layer information is increasingly used to protect these vulnerable networks. Meanwhile, reconfigurable antennas are gradually finding their way into wireless devices due to their ability to improve data throughput. In this paper, the capabilities of reconfigurable antennas are used to devise an intrusion detection scheme that operates at the physical layer. The detection problem is posed as a GLRT problem that operates on the channels corresponding to the different modes of a reconfigurable antenna. The performance of the scheme is quantified through field measurements taken in an indoor environment at the 802.11 frequency band. Based on the measured data, we study the achievable performance and the effect of the different control parameters on the performance of the intrusion detection scheme. The effect of pattern correlation between the different modes on the scheme's performance is also analyzed, based on which general guidelines on how to design the different antenna modes are provided. The results show that the proposed scheme can add an additional layer of security that can significantly alleviate many vulnerabilities and threats in current fixed wireless networks.
Capacitive deionization using symmetric carbon electrode pairs (2019)

Scenarios (a)–(c) are created to study the effect of the chemical surface charge of carbon electrodes on capacitive deionization using symmetric carbon electrode pairs.
New physical principle of detecting electromagnetic radiation (2004)

We describe a new method of detecting electromagnetic radiation, operating across a broad frequency range and at least up to liquid nitrogen temperatures. The method is based on the excitation of a special type of plasma waves -- edge magnetoplasmons -- in a semiconductor structure with an embedded two-dimensional (2D) electron layer. Irradiation of the sample by electromagnetic waves induces a photovoltage (or a photoresistance) between pairs of contacts to the 2D electron gas, which oscillates as a function of an applied magnetic field. The amplitude and the period of the oscillations are proportional to the radiation power and the wavelength respectively, allowing one to use the device as a detector and spectrometer of radiation. Successful operation of such a detector/spectrometer has been experimentally demonstrated in GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well structures at microwave frequencies from 20 GHz up to ~150 GHz and at temperatures up to ~80 K. We do not expect any principal difficulties in extending the operating frequency range into the terahertz region. The sample design is very simple and does not require submicron technology.
Diagnostic Information for Control-Flow Analysis of Workflow Graphs (aka Free-ChoiceWorkflow Nets) (2015)

A workflow graph is a classical flow graph extended by concurrent fork and join. Workflow graphs can be used to represent the main control-flow of e.g. business process models modeled in languages such as BPMN or UML activity diagrams. They can also be seen as compact representations of free-choice Petri nets with a unique start and a unique end. A workflow graph is said to be sound if it is free of deadlocks and exhibits no lack of synchronization, which correspond to liveness and safeness of a slightly modified version of the corresponding Petri net. We present a new characterization of unsoundness of workflow graphs in terms of three structural, i.e., graphical error patterns. We also present a polynomialtime algorithm that decides unsoundness and returns for each unsound workflow graph, one of the three structural error patterns as diagnostic information. An experimental evaluation on over 1350 workflow graphs derived from industrial business process models suggests that our technique performs well in practice.
Function, Intracellular Localization and the Importance in Salt Tolerance of a Vacuolar Na+/H+ Antiporter from Rice (2004)

We examined the function and intracellular localization of the product of the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene (OsNHX1) cloned from rice (Oryza sativa). OsNHX1 has the ability to suppress Na(+), Li(+) and hygromycin sensitivity of yeast nhx1 mutants and sensitivity to a high K(+) concentration, a novel phenotype of the nhx1 mutants. Analysis using rice cells expressing a fusion protein of OsNHX1 and green fluorescent protein and Western blot analysis using antibodies specific for OsNHX1 confirmed the localization of OsNHX1 on the tonoplasts. These results indicate that the OsNHX1 gene encodes a vacuolar (Na(+), K(+))/H(+) antiporter. Treatment with high concentrations of NaCl and KCl increased the transcript levels of OsNHX1 in rice roots and shoots. In addition, overexpression of OsNHX1 improved the salt tolerance of transgenic rice cells and plants. These results suggest that OsNHX1 on the tonoplasts plays important roles in the compartmentation of Na(+) and K(+) highly accumulated in the cytoplasm into the vacuoles, and the amount of the antiporter is one of the most important factors determining salt tolerance in rice.
Properties of Zirconia–Ceria–Hafnia Alloys (1993)

Tetragonal zirconia alloys containing up to 18 mol% ceria and 30 mol% hafnia were prepared by several wet‐cnemical techniques, sintered to high density, and their microstructural and physical properties studied. Toughening in such alloys depends on the retention of the metastable tetragonal phase and the stress required for its transformation to the monoclinic phase. The degree of metastability of the tetragonal phase in these ternary zirconia alloys was a function of the relative amounts of ceria and hafnia present. Such alloying, along with control of grain size, provides an ability to modify the fracture toughness and the temperature range over which the toughness is optimized.
Array failure correction with a digitally beamformed array (1996)

A technique is presented for replacing the signals from failed elements in a digitally beamformed receive array. The technique is shown to be useful in a multiple signal environment and does not impose special restrictions on the correlation properties of the received signals. Experimental data confirm the operation of this algorithm for the case of one signal and one interfering source. The technique is shown to be accurate when the incident signal locations are not precisely known, and even when the signals are distributed over a broad angular region or are only known to be located within a broad angular region.
A 12-kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protects mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Protection in the absence of shared T cell epitopes with encephalitogenic proteins. (1995)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt), routinely used to promote the induction of autoimmune diseases, can also protect against their development. Recently, we demonstrated that purified protein derivative (PPD) is the major fraction of Mt that protects mice against the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We have now ascribed the protective activity to a 12-kDa protein purified from PPD. Sequence identity between the first 17 amino acids of the 12-kDa PPD protein and the 10-kDa BCG-a protein of Mt suggested that these proteins are identical or closely related. However, in contrast to the 12-kDa PPD protein, the 10-kDa BCG-a protein did not protect against EAE, nor did it stimulate PPD-specific T cells, suggesting that the 12-kDa PPD protein and the 10-kDa BCG-a protein share some homology but are not identical. The protective activity of the 12-kDa PPD protein correlated with its ability to stimulate PPD-specific T cells. The significance of this correlation is not clear and the mechanism of protection was not fully elucidated. However, N-terminal sequence identity between the 12-kDa PPD protein and the 10-kDa BCG-a protein, which shares 43% homology with GroES stress protein, suggested that the 12-kDa PPD protein may also belong to the bacterial heat-shock protein (hsp) family. Thus, by analogy with protection against arthritis or diabetes by hsp65, the mechanism of protection could be based on shared T cell epitopes with the target self Ag. However, the 12-kDa PPD protein did not stimulate encephalitogenic T lymphocytes. Effective protection against EAE by the 12-kDa PPD protein, in the absence of a stimulatory effect on encephalitogenic T lymphocytes, suggests a potential use for this protein in the therapy of autoimmune diseases.
Zwittermicin A-producing strains of Bacillus cereus from diverse soils (1994)

Bacillus cereus UW85 produces a novel aminopolyol antibiotic, zwittermicin A, that contributes to the ability of UW85 to suppress damping-off of alfalfa caused by Phytophthora medicaginis. UW85 produces a second antibiotic, provisionally designated antibiotic B, which also contributes to suppression of damping-off but has not been structurally defined yet and is less potent than zwittermicin A. The purpose of this study was to isolate genetically diverse strains of B. cereus that produce zwittermicin A and suppress disease. We found that most isolates of B. cereus that were sensitive to phage P7 or inhibited the growth of Erwinia herbicola produced zwittermicin A; therefore, phage typing and E. herbicola inhibition provided indirect, but rapid screening tests for identification of zwittermicin A-producing isolates. We used these tests to screen a collection of 4,307 B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates obtained from bacterial stock collections and from diverse soils collected in Honduras, Panama, Australia, The Netherlands, and the United States. A subset of the isolates screened by the P7 sensitivity and E. herbicola inhibition tests were assayed directly for production of zwittermicin A, leading to the identification of 57 isolates that produced zwittermicin A; 41 of these isolates also produced antibiotic B. Eight isolates produced antibiotic B but not zwittermicin A. The assay for phage P7 sensitivity was particularly useful because of its simplicity and rapidity and because 22 of the 23 P7-sensitive isolates tested produced zwittermicin A. However, not all zwittermicin A-producing isolates were sensitive to P7, and the more labor-intensive E. herbicola inhibition assay identified a larger proportion of the zwittermicin A producers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ZnSe-Based Diode Lasers with Stripe-Geometry Fabricated by Ion Bombardment (1993)

Current confinement of ZnSe-based diode lasers on p-GaAs substrates has been achieved by ion bombardment. Nitrogen ions were used for the bombardment to produce a high-resistivity region in n-Zn(S)Se cladding layer. The threshold current was reduced by one-third with the introduction of this current-blocking region. The devices showed laser action up to 150 K under pulsed current injection.
Novel design of a 10 dB back-off broadband sequential Doherty power amplifier for wireless applications (2014)

This paper presents the design and experimental results of a broadband sequential Doherty power amplifier (S-DPA). This new type of DPA allows large back-off (BO), highly efficient and broadband DPAs to be realised. A 10 W/10 dB BO S-DPA is designed to verify the design concept. Measurement results show obvious Doherty behaviour with 8 - 11 dB output power back-off over a 1.85 - 2.4 GHz frequency range. A drain efficiency of 65% over 300 MHz at BO and ≥ 58% over 500 MHz bandwidth at saturation is obtained. To show the state-of-the-art of the S-DPA, the drain efficiency at 2.0 GHz is selected with 74.5 % at saturation and 67.3% at 10 dB BO. Linearised measurement with a 10 MHz LTE signal having a crest factor of 7.5 dB at 2.1 GHz exhibits an average drain efficiency of 53% and an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of -44.2/ - 48.7 dBc at an average output power of 32.7 dBm. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first wideband, 10 dB BO DPA with such high efficiency reported so far.
<title>Vapor phase deposition of transition metal fluoride glasses</title> (1991)

Multicomponent fluoride glasses in the PbF2-ZnF2-GaF3 (PZG) vitreous ternary system have been prepared by vapor phase deposition. The thermal stability of the deposited glass was improved by adding stabilizing agents (AlF3, NaF, LiF, InF3). The thin films, deposited on different substrates (fluoride glass, fluoride single crystal, metal, and silica glass) have been characterized by x-ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The quality of the film, adherence, and homogeneity was controlled by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The optical characteristics of the film and PZG glass are given: the visible-infrared (VIS-IR) window is 0.3-8 micrometers and the refractive index 1.59+/- 0.2 depends on the lead content. Mn2+ doped films (up to 3 mole % MnF2) are optically active: Mn2+ exhibits a broad luminescence band at 560-570 nm (orange). The achieved film thickness varies from 0.5 to 80 micrometers , and the refractive index gradient approaches the required geometry for planar waveguides (doping of the film with lanthanides is in progress).
Label-Free Optical Imaging of Lymphatic Vessels Within Tissue Beds IN VIVO (2013)

Lymphatic vessels are a part of circulatory system in vertebrates that maintain tissue fluid homeostasis and drain excess fluid and large cells that cannot easily find their way back into venous system. Due to the lack of non-invasive monitoring tools, lymphatic vessels are known as forgotten circulation. However, lymphatic system plays an important role in diseases such as cancer and inflammatory conditions. In this paper, we start to briefly review the current existing methods for imaging lymphatic vessels, mostly involving dye/targeting cell injection. We then show the capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for label-free non-invasive in vivo imaging of lymph vessels and nodes. One of the advantages of using OCT over other imaging modalities is its ability to assess label-free blood flow perfusion that can be simultaneously observed along with lymphatic vessels for imaging the microcirculatory system within tissue beds. Imaging the microcirculatory system including blood and lymphatic vessels can be utilized for imaging and better understanding pathologic mechanisms and treatment technique development in some critical diseases such as inflammation, malignant cancer angiogenesis and metastasis.
Two-photon excitation microscopy using the second singlet state of fluorescent agents within the “tissue optical window” (2013)

Two-photon (2P) excitation of the second singlet (S2) state of a group of fluorescent agents with near infrared emission was used to extend the optical excitation and imaging regime of 2P microscope into “tissue optical window” (650–1100 nm). As the first step to achieve deeper optical imaging, Chlorophyll a and Indocyanine green are investigated and demonstrated as imaging agents using 2P S2 excitation at 800 nm for microscope imaging at 685 nm. The salient feature is to drive both the 2P excitation and emission wavelengths of the imaging agents to fall into the “tissue optical window.”
Identification of 3,5-Dihydro-2-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,4(2H)-diones as Novel High-Affinity Glycine Site N-Methyl-D-aspartate Antagonists (1995)

Almost all of the existing known antagonists at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor have a low propensity for crossing the blood-brain barrier. It has been suggested that in many cases this may be due to the presence of a carboxylic acid which is a common feature of most of the potent full antagonists at this receptor. In this study, 2-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline-1,4(2H)-diones were found to have high-affinity binding at the glycine receptor. In particular, structure-activity studies identified 7-chloro-3,5-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline- 1,4(2H)-dione as the most potent of a series of analogues with an IC50 of 3.3 nM. The measured pKa values in this class of compounds (typically 4.0) indicate they are of equivalent acidity to carboxylic acids. Functional antagonism was demonstrated by inhibition of NMDA-evoked responses in rat cortical slices. Anticonvulsant activity in DBA/2 mice was achieved after dosing by direct injection into the cerebral ventricles, but no activity was seen after systemic administration, suggesting low brain penetration with this class of antagonists.
Resource allocation for remote desktop sessions in Utility Grids (2005)

Abstract Emerging large‐scale utility computing systems such as Grids promise computing and storage to be provided to end users as a utility. System management services deployed in the middleware are a key to enabling this vision. Utility Grids provide a challenge in terms of scale, dynamism and heterogeneity of resources and workloads. In this paper, we present a model‐based architecture for resource allocation services for Utility Grids. The proposed service is built in the context of interactive remote desktop session workloads and takes application performance QoS models into consideration. The key design guidelines are hierarchical request structure, application performance models, remote desktop session performance models, site admission control, multi‐variable resource assignment system and runtime session admission control. We have also built a simulation framework that can handle mixed batch and remote desktop session requests, and have implemented our proposed resource allocation service into the framework. We present some results from experiments using the framework. Our proposed architecture for resource allocation services addresses the needs of emerging utility computing systems and captures the key concepts and guidelines for building such services in these environments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NoDB (2015)

As data collections become larger and larger, users are faced with increasing bottlenecks in their data analysis. More data means more time to prepare and to load the data into the database before executing the desired queries. Many applications already avoid using database systems, for example, scientific data analysis and social networks, due to the complexity and the increased data-to-query time, that is, the time between getting the data and retrieving its first useful results. For many applications data collections keep growing fast, even on a daily basis, and this data deluge will only increase in the future, where it is expected to have much more data than what we can move or store, let alone analyze. We here present the design and roadmap of a new paradigm in database systems, called NoDB, which do not require data loading while still maintaining the whole feature set of a modern database system. In particular, we show how to make raw data files a first-class citizen, fully integrated with the query engine. Through our design and lessons learned by implementing the NoDB philosophy over a modern Database Management Systems (DBMS), we discuss the fundamental limitations as well as the strong opportunities that such a research path brings. We identify performance bottlenecks specific for in situ processing, namely the repeated parsing and tokenizing overhead and the expensive data type conversion. To address these problems, we introduce an adaptive indexing mechanism that maintains positional information to provide efficient access to raw data files, together with a flexible caching structure. We conclude that NoDB systems are feasible to design and implement over modern DBMS, bringing an unprecedented positive effect in usability and performance.<!-- END_PAGE_1 -->
Separating silent sources (2017)

In the presence of multiple continuously active acoustic sources, microphone response signals are additive mixtures of acoustic images: that is, filtered, delayed, and scaled versions of the source signals. By adaptively minimizing a contrast function such as the mutual information between outputs, Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithms can “demix” sets of such microphone responses into output signals, each one of which is coherent with a single hidden source signal. The time required to converge on such a “separation solution” is typically at least several tens of seconds. However, important real-world acoustic signals of interest (such as speech) are intermittent, not continuous. As a result, the response mixtures resulting from such signals include “mute episodes” during which one or more of the sources are silent. These episodes can be employed to advantageously partition the adaptive separation process, and even to generate permanently valid separation solutions for the momentarily silent sources. We present a method of rapid optimal isolation (ROI) of intermittent sources, and explore the utility of enhancing an adaptive BSS algorithm using this new method.