gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect in Volunteers of Coffee and Decaffeinated Coffee on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Plasma Lipids and Some Factors Involved in Blood Clotting (1970)

The effect of coffee-drinking on blood composition was studied in 20 healthy volunteers who normally consumed, on average, 560 mg caffeine/day from tea and coffee. After 14 days on decaffeinated coffee (12 mg caffeine/day) there was a reduction in blood glucose, a small rise in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid, and a more substantial fall in triglycerides. The substitution of coffee for decaffeinated coffee (875 mg caffeine/day) for 20 days did not affect blood glucose, but the changes in the plasma lipids were reversed. There was no change in the level of immunoreactive insulin, in platelet adhesiveness, fibrinogen or blood clot lysis time during the course of the experiment. The part played by caffeine and by coffee solids other than caffeine in the induction of these changes does not support the hypothesis that the consumption of coffee is a significant factor in the development of coronary heart disease.
Amphotericin B: spectrum and resistance (2002)

Amphotericin B is a polyene macrolide antibiotic derived from the actinomycete Streptomyces nodosus. Of the 200 known polyene agents, amphotericin B is the only one with toxicities that are sufficiently limited to permit intravenous administration. All polyenes have a common mechanism of action in that they preferentially bind to ergosterol, the primary sterol in the fungal cell membrane. The consequence of this binding includes disruption of the osmotic integrity of the membrane, with leakage of intracellular potassium and magnesium, and also the disruption of oxidative enzymes in target cells. Amphotericin B has a relatively broad spectrum of action and is useful in treating cases of candidosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis, extracutaneous sporotrichosis and mucormycosis, and some cases of hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Resistance (MIC > 2 mg/L) tends to be species-dependent and emerges uncommonly and slowly in isolates from patients treated with amphotericin B. These include some individual strains of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae, which may acquire resistance during treatment. Some isolates of Scedosporium apiospermum, Fusarium spp. and Sporothrix schenckii also show primary resistance, whereas all strains of Scedosporium prolificans demonstrate resistance. The main problems associated with the use of conventional amphotericin B have always been due to its poor aqueous solubility and toxicity rather than antifungal resistance.
Gene Expression Prediction by Soft Integration and the Elastic Net—Best Performance of the DREAM3 Gene Expression Challenge (2010)

Our algorithm proves both the possibility to extract information from large-scale expression data concerning prediction of gene levels, as well as the benefits of integrating different data sources for improving the inference. We believe the former is an important message to those still hesitating on the possibilities for computational approaches, while the latter is part of an important way forward for the future development of the field of computational systems biology.
The methanol oxidation genes mxaFJGIR(S)ACKLD in Methylobacterium extorquens (1997)

MxaJ is a protein of unknown function encoded by mxaJ in the mxaFJGI operon. We have constructed a mxaJ mutant of M. extorquens with a deletion which does not affect transcription of downstream genes. It contained cytochrome cL (MxaG), but neither subunit of methanol dehydrogenase (MxaF and MxaI). MxaJ is probably involved in processing this enzyme. We have sequenced the region between mxaFJGI and five other methanol oxidation genes, mxaACKLD; it includes one open reading frame (mxaR) and a possible second open reading frame (mxaS), demonstrating the presence in M. extorquens of the following gene cluster: mxaFJGIR(S)ACKLD.
Analysis of discarding policies in high-speed networks (1998)

Networked applications generate messages that are segmented into smaller, fixed or variable size packets, before they are sent through the network. In high-speed networks, acknowledging individual packets is impractical; so when congestion builds up and packets have to be dropped, entire messages are lost. For a message to be useful, all packets comprising it must arrive successfully at the destination. The problem is therefore which packets to discard so that as many complete messages are delivered, and so that congestion is alleviated or avoided altogether. Selective discarding policies, as a means for congestion avoidance, are studied and compared to nondiscarding policies. The partial message discard policy discards packets of tails of corrupted messages. An improvement to this policy is the early message discard that drops entire messages and not just message tails. A common performance measure of network elements is the effective throughput which measures the utilization of the network links but which ignores the application altogether. We adopt a new performance measure-goodput-which reflects the utilization of the network from the application's point of view and thus better describes network behavior. We develop and analyze a model for systems which employ discarding policies. The analysis shows a remarkable performance improvement when any message-based discarding policy is applied, and that the early message discard policy performs better than the others, especially under high load. We compute the optimal parameter setting for maximum goodput at different input loads, and investigate the performance sensitivity to these parameters.
Field transistors electrical behaviour in double level aluminum interconnect processes (2003)

Summary form only given. A comparison is made of the behavior of metal 2 gate NMOS field transistors using three types of double-level aluminum interconnect isolation process for submicron CMOS application. The three insulators used are permanent spin-on-glass (SOG) process, partial etchback SOG process, and totally sacrificial SOG. Six-transistor-cell CMOS 16 K SRAMs laid out with 0.8- mu m design rules have been processed using the three processes. The total etchback process gives the best results, giving values of I/sub cc/ 10 times lower than that obtained in the permanent SOG process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Urgency-Based Scheduler for Time-Sensitive Switched Ethernet Networks (2016)

Due to increasing bandwidth requirements, Ethernet technology is emerging in embedded systems application areas such as automotive, avionics, and industrial control. In the automotive domain, Ethernet enables integration of cameras, radars, and fusion to build active safety and automated driving systems. While Ethernet provides the necessary communication bandwidth, solutions are needed to satisfy stringent dependability and temporal requirements of such safety-critical systems. This paper introduces an asynchronous traffic scheduling algorithm, which gives low delay guarantees in a switched Ethernet network, while maintaining a low implementation complexity. We present a timing analysis and demonstrate the tightness of the delay bounds by extensive simulation experiments.
Stimulation of protein glycosylation in cultured hepatoma cells by polyprenyl phosphates. (1985)

The aim of this work was to selectively stimulate N-glycosylation of proteins in cultured AH 70Btc hepatoma cells. Dolichyl phosphate, alpha-dihydrodecaprenyl phosphate and solanesyl phosphate were entrapped in egg lecithin liposomes and supplied to the cells. After treatment with 0.6-15 nmol of the polyprenyl phosphates/3 ml/dish for 48 hr, the incorporations of [14C]glucosamine into N-linked saccharide chains of glycoproteins and into lipid intermediates were increased to various extents. The stimulation by alpha-dihydrodecaprenyl phosphate was most significant and 15 nmol of the lipid/dish increased the incorporation into N-linked saccharide chains of glycoproteins by about 80%. The incorporations of [14C]glucosamine into O-linked saccharide chains and of [14C]leucine into proteins were not changed significantly by alpha-dihydrodecaprenyl phosphate. When the N-linked glycopeptides prepared from the cells and those from the cells treated with the polyprenyl phosphate were compared by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography, no significant difference was observed. Analysis of reduced cellular glycoproteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that alpha-dihydrodecaprenyl phosphate increased the incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into N-linked saccharide chains of certain high-molecular-weight glycoproteins. In addition, the polyprenyl phosphate enhanced the adhesiveness of the cells to the substratum, probably as a result of the stimulation of N-glycosylation of proteins.
Optimization and Quantization in Gradient Symbol Systems: A Framework for Integrating the Continuous and the Discrete in Cognition (2013)

Mental representations have continuous as well as discrete, combinatorial properties. For example, while predominantly discrete, phonological representations also vary continuously; this is reflected by gradient effects in instrumental studies of speech production. Can an integrated theoretical framework address both aspects of structure? The framework we introduce here, Gradient Symbol Processing, characterizes the emergence of grammatical macrostructure from the Parallel Distributed Processing microstructure (McClelland, Rumelhart, & The PDP Research Group, 1986) of language processing. The mental representations that emerge, Distributed Symbol Systems, have both combinatorial and gradient structure. They are processed through Subsymbolic Optimization-Quantization, in which an optimization process favoring representations that satisfy well-formedness constraints operates in parallel with a distributed quantization process favoring discrete symbolic structures. We apply a particular instantiation of this framework, λ-Diffusion Theory, to phonological production. Simulations of the resulting model suggest that Gradient Symbol Processing offers a way to unify accounts of grammatical competence with both discrete and continuous patterns in language performance.
Las bases romanistas frente al cambio político-económico: el principio de igualdad de trato al extranjero en materia de inversiones en el Perú (1996)

No contiene resumen
A vibration-controlled resonant accelerometer design and its application to the single structured gyroscope/accelerometer system (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel approach for self-sustained resonant accelerometer design, which takes advantages of an automatic gain control to implement a uniform oscillation dynamics. For the system modeling and loop transformation, an envelope based state space approach is taken. The paper also presents the application of the designed accelerometer for an integrated gyroscope and accelerometer system with an orthogonal input axis to each other. The integrated system uses of a single micromachined mechanical structure as moving mass and the associated vibration control loops for each sensing axis, respectively.
Online learning in the embedded manifold of low-rank matrices (2012)

When learning models that are represented in matrix forms, enforcing a low-rank constraint can dramatically improve the memory and run time complexity, while providing a natural regularization of the model. However, naive approaches to minimizing functions over the set of low-rank matrices are either prohibitively time consuming (repeated singular value decomposition of the matrix) or numerically unstable (optimizing a factored representation of the low-rank matrix). We build on recent advances in optimization over manifolds, and describe an iterative online learning procedure, consisting of a gradient step, followed by a second-order retraction back to the manifold. While the ideal retraction is costly to compute, and so is the projection operator that approximates it, we describe another retraction that can be computed efficiently. It has run time and memory complexity of O((n+m)k) for a rank-k matrix of dimension m×n, when using an online procedure with rank-one gradients. We use this algorithm, LORETA, to learn a matrix-form similarity measure over pairs of documents represented as high dimensional vectors. LORETA improves the mean average precision over a passive-aggressive approach in a factorized model, and also improves over a full model trained on pre-selected features using the same memory requirements. We further adapt LORETA to learn positive semi-definite low-rank matrices, providing an online algorithm for low-rank metric learning. LORETA also shows consistent improvement over standard weakly supervised methods in a large (1600 classes and 1 million images, using ImageNet) multi-label image classification task.
Differential Roles of Direct and Indirect Allorecognition Pathways in the Rejection of Skin and Corneal Transplants (2009)

This shows that failure of orthotopic corneal allotransplants to elicit a CD4+ T-cell direct alloresponse is associated with the combination of two factors, their low immunogenicity and the immune-privileged properties of the eye.
THINKING ISSUES: Computing Competencies, Dispositions and the Affective Taxonomy: More Work Still to Do? (2023)

Computing Competencies, Dispositions and the Affective Taxonomy: More work still to do? Today's global computing curricula is seeing an increasing move towards 'competency' rather than the historically 'knowledge-based' computing curricula."In the CC2020 Report [5] and related work [4,6,8], the notion of competency has been defined as comprising 'knowledge + skills + dispositions + task', based on a broad conception of competency as effective professional performance in a relevant setting" [7].
Gas holdup and volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient in solid-suspended bubble column with draught tube. (1985)

The effects of column dimensions, gas velocity and properties of the liquid and the solid particles on the gas holdup εG and the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kLa in a solid suspended bubble column with a draught tube and a conical bottom were studied experimentally in a liquid-solid batch operation. The presence of suspended solid particles in the column reduces the values of εG and kLa, and their reduction due to the addition of solid particles to the column increases with increasing solid concentration and terminal velocity of a single particle. Based on these observations, empirical equations for εG and kLa are proposed which are applicable to columns with diameter of 0.1-0.3 m.
The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms (2002)

Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems. The Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program has addressed both issues through the FERET database of facial images and the establishment of the FERET tests. To date, 14,126 images from 1199 individuals are included in the FERET database, which is divided into development and sequestered portions. In September 1996, the FERET program administered the third in a series of FERET face-recognition tests. The primary objectives of the third test were to (1) assess the state of the art, (2) identify future areas of research, and (3) measure algorithm performance on large databases.
Music-reading training alleviates crowding with musical notation (2016)

Crowding refers to the disrupted recognition of an object by nearby distractors. Prior work has shown that real-world music-reading experts experience reduced crowding specifically for musical stimuli. However, it is unclear whether music-reading training reduced the magnitude of crowding or whether individuals showing less crowding are more likely to learn and excel in music reading later. To examine the first possibility, we tested whether crowding can be alleviated by music-reading training in the laboratory. Intermediate-level music readers completed 8 hr of music-reading training within 2 weeks. Their threshold duration for reading musical notes dropped by 44.1% after training to a level comparable with that of extant expert music readers. Importantly, crowding was reduced with musical stimuli but not with the nonmusical stimuli Landolt Cs. In sum, the reduced crowding for musical stimuli in expert music readers can be explained by music-reading training.
Parameterization of Org27569: An allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub>G protein‐coupled receptor (2011)

The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is the most widely expressed GPCR in the brain. Many GPCRs contain allosteric binding sites for endogenous and/or synthetic ligands, which are topographically distinct from the agonist-binding site that is known as the orthosteric site. While both endogenous and synthetic ligands that act at the CB1 orthosteric site have been known for some time, compounds that act at a CB1 allosteric site have only recently been discovered. The most studied of these is 5-chloro-3-ethyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid [2-(4-piperidin-1-ylphenyl)ethyl]amide (Org27569). Because allosteric ligands are thought to act through conformational changes in the receptor that are transmitted from the allosteric to the orthosteric site, computational studies of the structural and dynamic interactions of Org27569 with the CB1 receptor are crucial to achieve a molecular level understanding of the basis of action of this important new class of compounds. To date, such computational studies have not been possible due to the lack of a complete set of molecular mechanics force field parameters for Org27569. Here, we present the development of missing CHARMM force field parameters for Org27569 using previously published methods and the validation and application of these new parameters using normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulations combined with experimental infrared measurements.
Doctors of Deception (2019)

Mechanisms and standards exist to safeguard the health and welfare of the patient, but for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)—used to treat depression and other mental illnesses—such approval methods have failed. Prescribed to thousands over the years, public relations as opposed to medical trials have paved the way for this popular yet dangerous and controversial treatment option. Doctors of Deception is a revealing history of ECT (or shock therapy) in the United States, told here for the first time. Through the examination of court records, medical data, FDA reports, industry claims, her own experience as a patient of shock therapy, and the stories of others, Andre exposes tactics used by the industry to promote ECT as a responsible treatment when all the scientific evidence suggested otherwise. As early as the 1940s, scientific literature began reporting incidences of human and animal brain damage resulting from ECT. Despite practitioner modifications, deleterious effects on memory and cognition persisted. Rather than discontinue use of ECT, the $5-billion-per-year shock industry crafted a public relations campaign to improve ECT’s image. During the 1970s and 1980s, psychiatry’s PR efforts misled the government, the public, and the media into believing that ECT had made a comeback and was safe. Andre carefully intertwines stories of ECT survivors and activists with legal, ethical, and scientific arguments to address issues of patient rights and psychiatric treatment. Echoing current debates about the use of psychopharmaceutical interventions shown to have debilitating side-effects, she candidly presents ECT as a problematic therapy demanding greater scrutiny, tighter control, and full disclosure about its long-term cognitive effects.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of blood flow through a modeled aneurysm (1999)

The objective of this work was to simulate blood flow through a threedimensional aneurysm and to study particularly the influence of expansion ratio and eccentricity of the aneurysm on wall shear stress and pressure distributions. The nonNewtonian behaviour of blood viscosity was considered (Casson model). Numerical simulations were performed with a finite element package FIDAP7.6. The results showed existence of local maxima of shear stress and pressure near the end of aneurysm. These maxima could be a mechanical factor involved in the rupture of aneurysm. It also should be pointed out that in the range of geometric parameters and flow rate considered, the non-Newtonian effects could be neglected.
Robust High-performance Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based on Ionic Liquid-sulfolane Composite Electrolytes (2015)

Novel ionic liquid-sulfolane composite electrolytes based on the 1,2,3-triazolium family of ionic liquids were developed for dye-sensitized solar cells. The best performing device exhibited a short-circuit current density of 13.4 mA cm(-2), an open-circuit voltage of 713 mV and a fill factor of 0.65, corresponding to an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.3%. In addition, these devices are highly stable, retaining more than 95% of the initial device PCE after 1000 hours of light- and heat-stress. These composite electrolytes show great promise for industrial application as they allow for a 14.5% improvement in PCE, compared to the solvent-free eutectic ionic liquid electrolyte system, without compromising device stability.
Inactivation of heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase accentuates neutrophil infiltration during acute inflammation in mice (2012)

Neutrophil recruitment and extravasation at sites of inflammation provide a mechanism for host defense. We showed previously that heparan sulfate, a type of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, facilitates neutrophil recruitment based on the reduction of neutrophil infiltration in mice in which the overall sulfation of the chains was reduced by selective inactivation of N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase (Ndst1) in endothelial cells. Here we show that inactivation of uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase in endothelial cells (Hs2st), an enzyme that acts downstream from Ndst1, results in enhanced neutrophil recruitment in several models of acute inflammation. Enhanced neutrophil infiltration resulted in part from reduced rolling velocity under flow both in vivo and in vitro, which correlated with stronger binding of neutrophil L-selectin to mutant endothelial cells. Hs2st-deficient endothelial cells also displayed a striking increase in binding of IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. The enhanced binding of these mediators of neutrophil recruitment resulted from a change in heparan sulfate structure caused by increased N-sulfation and 6-O-sulfation of glucosamine units in response to the decrease in 2-O-sulfation of uronic acid residues. This gain-of-function phenotype provides formidable evidence demonstrating the importance of endothelial heparan sulfate in inflammation and suggests a novel enzyme target for enhancing the innate immune response.