gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomolecular specificity controlled nanomaterial synthesis (2012)

Biomolecules capable of fabricating complex nanomaterials with required functions in nature have been exploited to artificially control nanomaterial synthesis in all aspects. This tutorial review provides an overview of recent efforts in biomimetic synthesis and the relevant mechanistic studies on biomolecular specificities toward material surfaces. It starts with a discussion of the state-of-the-art progress in colloidal nanocrystal synthesis, wherein the importance of the interfacial control over nanoscale building blocks discloses the potential of exploiting biomolecular recognition properties in nanostructure synthesis. Continued discussions will review the progress in biomimetic syntheses of different classes of nanoscale materials. In vitro biomimetic syntheses with both biomolecules isolated from organisms and material-specific peptide sequences selected from combinatorial molecular evolution processes will be demonstrated. The final part of the review presents the recent research efforts and advances in understanding biomolecule-inorganic material interactions. It is believed that with continued experimental efforts and fundamental understanding of biomolecule-material interactions scientists can one day harvest the ability to rationally design molecules to produce intricate material structures with a similar level of sophistication, precision, and superior functions as those found in nature.
Combining MPDL3280A with adoptive cell immunotherapy exerts better antitumor effects against cervical cancer (2016)

As the second most common gynecologic malignant tumors with a high mortality rate, cervical cancer jeopardizes women's life worldwide. The low cure rate in cervical cancer patients is mainly attributed to the lack of effective therapies. One feasible novel strategy is to develop immune-based approaches such as adoptive cell immunotherapy of DCCIKs which represents a promising nontoxic antineoplastic immunotherapy preferred in clinic practice. However, the therapeutic effect is not as efficient as anticipated. Possible explanations are tumors exploit immunoregulatory check-points such as programmed death 1(PD1)/PDL1 which provides tumor cells an escape strategy of circumventing immunologic rejection from immune surveillance by hampering activated tumor-specific T cell activities and rendering them functionally exhausted. With reduced transformation activity and enhanced antigenicity, a modified HPV16 E7 (HPV16mE7) was used to load DCs with silenced SOCS1 mediated by a recombinant adenovirus to improve the targetability and efficiency against cervical cancer. Combined with anti-PDL1 antibody MPDL3280A therapy, the co-cultured DCCIKs were transfused into murine models bearing tumor of HPV16 E6/E7 expressing CaSki cells for in vitro/in vivo antitumor activity assay. Although all of the animals succumbed to CaSki tumors even after adoptive DCCIKs transfer or MPDL3280A immunotherapy, the infusion of PDL1 blocking monoclonal antibody with activated T cells cured 40% of animals. These data support PDL1 blockade improves the efficacy of adoptive DCCIKs therapy, providing a new approach of immunotherapy against cervical cancer.
Status of Synroc development (1994)

The Synroc strategy for HLW management was proposed in 1978. Since that time extensive evidence for the chemical durability of Synroc has been obtained from tests with simulated HLW, real radioactive waste and from accelerated a-decay damage studies. Synroc fabrication has also been demonstrated on a commercial (10 kg/hr) scale with non-radioactive waste simulants and key process advantages are described. The potential for the utilisation of Synroc together with glass wasteforms is discussed briefly in the context of the partitioning of defense wastes and advanced reprocessing strategies for commercial spent fuel management. In particular, strong scientific evidence exists for the serious consideration of Synroc for the management of excess weapons plutonium if the geological disposed option is pursued in the future.
Three-dimensional thermal imaging using two-photon microscopy (2004)

Thermal processes are important in areas ranging from biological to advanced materials processing. Here, we present a method for measuring temperature profiles in three dimensions using a combination of two-photon microscopy and calibrated temperature-dependent fluorescent dyes, or 'molecular thermometers'. We have found that the dye, tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ( ) possesses both a strong temperature dependence in the range 0–60°C and a large cross section for two-photon induced fluorescence, making it ideal for two-photon thermal imaging. The technique is used to map out the temperature profile in a thick polyacrylate film containing an embedded wire heater, and, from that, the thermal properties of the polymer are determined.
Implementing Open Authentication for Web Services with a Secure Memory Card (2012)

Open authentication protocols have become a standard solution to allow interfacing of third-party applications and websites. This paper presents a rationale for the use of secure memory cards with NFC-enabled service. A software application prototype is presented to show how a secure memory card can provide a portable authentication module to access web services. The prototype shows that it is possible to implement secure credential storage on a user-configurable secure memory card that supports an open authentication protocol. It provides protection against copying of the credentials and effectively frees the user from typing the passwords into the mobile device. Although the smart memory card is still a very new platform in mobile devices and not standardized in all aspects, we show that it provides a promising platform that is not bound to a specific operator or manufacturer.
Cultural Resource Damage Assessment (2023)

ABSTRACT Unauthorized cultural resource alterations range from looting and grave robbing to contract violations and wildland fires. Such alterations degrade cultural resources’ spiritual, communal, ecological, economic, and scientific values. Alterations often violate communal senses of place, security, and belonging. Alterations complicate jurisdiction-specific management, which is premised on up-to-date information on resource sizes, conditions, and significance. Cultural resource damage assessment protocols based on proven forensic practices distil to eight fieldwork steps: verify the alteration, assemble the team, survey the scene, document the evidence, gather the evidence, assess the archaeological value and the cost of repair and restoration, prescribe emergency remediation, and confirm evidence documentation and custody. The eight steps give special consideration to local communities and Indigenous Territories, where unauthorized alterations are as common as they are elsewhere, whereas impacts to spiritual and cultural values are generally greater. Adapted to jurisdiction- and incident-specific circumstances, the steps will guide responses to alterations by community leaders, land managers, regulators, law enforcement agents, and archaeologists, including preparation of excellent damage assessment reports. Damage assessment practitioners and land managers should refine these practices to deter alterations, engage Tribes and other affected communities, halt postalteration degradation, ensure accountability, and enable jurisdiction-scale curation of cultural resources and their unique value constellations.
Numerical Modelling of Bulk Superconductor Magnetisation (2019)

At cryogenic temperatures, bulk superconductors can be used as so-called trapped field magnets capable of providing magnetic fields an order of magnitude higher than conventional permanent magnets. This remarkable capability makes them highly attractive for a number of engineering applications that benefit from high magnetic fields, including rotating electric machines, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems and magnetic separation. In this book, we provide readers with numerical analysis techniques to model the magnetisation of bulk superconductors based on the finite element method. Numerical modelling is a particularly important and cost‐effective method to guide both superconducting material processing and practical device design, and has been used successfully to date to interpret experimental results and the physical behaviour and properties of bulk superconductors during their various magnetisation processes, to predict and propose new magnetisation techniques and to design and predict the performance of bulk superconductor-based devices. Throughout the book, a number of example models, implemented in the software package COMSOL Multiphysics®, are provided so that readers may carry out modelling of their own. The current state-of-the-art in modelling bulk superconductors is summarised, including a number of case studies that highlight the usefulness of such models.
Suppression of SHP-1 promotes corticospinal tract sprouting and functional recovery after brain injury (2013)

Reorganization of spared neural network connections is one of the most important processes for restoring impaired function after brain injury. However, plasticity is quite limited in the adult brain due to the presence of inhibitory molecules and a lack of intrinsic neuronal signals for axonal growth. Src homology 2-containing phosphatase (SHP)-1 has been shown to have a role in axon growth inhibition. Here, we tested the hypothesis that SHP-1 negatively affects axonal reorganization. We observed that unilateral motor cortex injury led to increased expression and activity of SHP-1 in the contralesional cortex. In this model, corticospinal axons originating from the contralesional cortex sprouted into the denervated side of the cervical spinal cord after injury. We observed that the number of sprouting fibers was increased in SHP-1-deficient heterozygous viable motheaten (+/me(v)) mice, which show reduced SHP-1 activity, and in wild-type mice treated with an SHP inhibitor. Motor function recovery of impaired forelimb was enhanced in +/me(v) mice. Collectively, our results indicate that downregulation of SHP-1 activity promotes corticospinal tract sprouting and functional recovery after brain injury.
Pathogenesis of trachoma: the stimulus for inflammation. (1987)

Active trachoma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the conjunctiva, and repeated episodes of reinfection are thought to be necessary to sustain this inflammation. It is currently believed that much of the tissue damage is immunologically mediated. To identify which antigens might be responsible for stimulating this continued inflammation, cynomolgus monkeys that had recovered from a previous ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis were challenged with various antigen preparations. Purified preparations of formalin- or UV-inactivated elementary bodies did not elicit any inflammation even with daily inoculation. In addition, neither purified chlamydial major outer membrane protein nor lipopolysaccharide, including recombinant organisms expressing the lipopolysaccharide group antigen, elicit inflammation. A soluble triton extract of the organism rapidly induced marked inflammation when inoculated in the eyes of immune monkeys but had no effect in naive animals. These studies suggest that the continual inflammation in trachoma may not be due to repeated exposure to chlamydial surface antigen(s) but rather to a labile product released by the living organisms.
Insurgent Peasant Politics and Colonial Crisis in the Bolivian Andes during the Late Eighteenth Century (1999)

(1999). Insurgent Peasant Politics and Colonial Crisis in the Bolivian Andes during the Late Eighteenth Century. Colonial Latin American Review: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 241-244.
G-Portal (2002)

As the World Wide Web evolves into an immense information network, it is tempting to build new digital library services and expand existing digital library services to make use of web content. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of G-Portal, a web portal that aims to provide digital library services over geospatial and georeferenced content found on the World Wide Web. G-Portal adopts a map-based user interface to visualize and manipulate the distributed geospatial and georeferenced content. Annotation capabilities are supported, allowing users to contribute geospatial and georeferenced objects as well as their associated metadata. The other features included in G-Portal's design are query support, content classification, and content maintenance. This paper will mainly focus on the architecture design, visualization and annotation capabilities of G-Portal.
Overexpression, purification and characterization of isochorismate synthase (EntC), the first enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of enterobactin from chorismate (1990)

Isochorismate synthase (EC 5.4.99.6), the entC gene product of Escherichia coli, catalyzes the conversion of chorismate to isochorismate, the first step in the biosynthesis of the powerful iron-chelating agent enterobactin. A sequence-specific deletion method has been used to construct an EntC overproducer, which allows for the purification and characterization of the E. coli isochorismate synthase for the first time. The N-terminal sequence and the subunit molecular weight (43,000) of the polypeptide derived from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis agree with those deduced from DNA sequence data. The enzyme is an active monomer with a native molecular weight of 42,000. It was shown that EntC alone is fully capable of catalyzing the interconversion of chorismate and isochorismate in both directions and the associated activity is not affected by EntA of the same biosynthetic pathway as has recently been speculated [Elkins, M. F., & Earhart, C. F. (1988) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 56, 35; Liu, J., Duncan, K., & Walsh, C.T. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 791; Ozenberger, B. A., Brickman, T.J., & McIntosh, M. A. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 775]. The kinetic constants were determined with Km = 14 microM and kcat = 173 min-1 for chorismate in the forward direction and Km = 5 microM and kcat = 108 min-1 for isochorismate in the backward direction. The equilibrium constant for the reaction derived from the kinetic data is 0.56 with the equilibrium lying toward the side of chorismate, corresponding to a free energy difference of 0.36 kcal/mol between chorismate and isochorismate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Amazing World of Auger Electrons (2004)

Over the past 40 years, a small and highly committed group of scientists has pursued various investigations focused on understanding the physical phenomena underlying the emission of Auger electrons, the dosimetric implications of their submicroscopic deposition of energy, their radiobiological effects at the molecular and cellular levels, and their therapeutic potential in tumor-bearing animals and patients with cancer. Herein, I present an overview--historic vignette--of the exciting findings reported in this field and outline the unique opportunities given to the fortunate few who have, mostly through serendipity, been working within the fascinating world of Auger electron emitters.
Supporting of Potassium Copper Hexacyanoferrate on Porous Activated Carbon Substrate for Cesium Separation (2009)

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) was chosen for carrying potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuCF) to prepare a new Cs-selective material. The adsorbent was prepared by repetitious batch precipitation reaction of Cu2+ with [Fe(CN)6]4−. Characterization analyses identified the backbone formula of the activated carbon-supported KCuCF with K2Cu[Fe(CN)6], and shown the successful loading of KCuCF microcrystals on the porous carbon substrate with a loading percentage of 12.5 wt%, and with BET specific surface area and a total pore volume of 527.8 m2/g and 0.38 cm3/g for AC and 160.8 m2/g and 0.16 cm3/g for KCuCF-loaded activated carbon (KCuCF-AC), respectively. The optimal Cs adsorption capacity of about 0.46 mmol·g−1 was observed between the HNO3 concentration of 0.5–1.5 M, and the capacity even reached to 0.38 mmol·g−1 in the presence of a large amount of competing cations. The results indicate that activated carbon has no significant effect on the selectivity of the as-synthesized composite.
Design Considerations for Next Generation Satellite Terminal (2007)

Next generation communication satellite systems under design and development are significantly advanced in comparison to currently deployed satellites. Satellite terminals for these systems are also envisaged to incorporate cutting-edge implementation paradigms. This paper explores the realm of functions expected at this satellite terminal in a layered approach along with design considerations.
A new generation side scan sonar (2003)

Side-scan sonar traditionally has used a graphic paper recording system for the display and annotation of the data. A novel side-scan system specifically designed to use color video as the primary data display is described. Several design considerations and tradeoffs are discussed, some of which are unique to a system using a video display. A parametric subbottom profiler and towfish orientation sensors are also integrated into the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intercell-Interference in the Gaussian MISO Broadcast Channel (2007)

Intercell interference (ICI) is the substantial difference between a cellular and a non-cellular communication system. Effective modeling of the cellular downlink as a Gaussian broadcast channel requires that the ICI powers at the user positions are known to the basestation (BS), as it otherwise, cannot attempt to approach (or even know) its capacity region. However, ICI depends on the transmit processing of the BSs in the neighboring cells, which furthermore is subject to change quickly due to temporal scheduling. The BS therefore only has limited knowledge about the true ICI powers. In this paper, the implications of this lack of knowledge about ICI power on the achievable sum- rate of a Gaussian MISO (multi-input, single-output) broadcast channel is examined. Four different approaches on dealing with unpredictable ICI are discussed and their performance compared to the single-cell (or non-cellular) Gaussian broadcast channel.
Effects of current spreading on the performance of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (2001)

Effects of current spreading on the performance of multiple quantum well (MQW) GaN/InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated. For the theoretical prediction of device performance, we developed a model using two device-design parameters, which consist of the applied current density and the effective length for the lateral current path. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental results clearly showed that the reliability characteristics and the optical efficiency of device are heavily dependent on the applied current density. In addition, the effective length for the lateral current path was found to have a profound effect on the uniform current spreading. Based on these findings, an ideal geometrical design of the highly efficient LED is proposed.
Voice Activity Detection Algorithm with Low Signal-to-Noise Ratios Based on Spectrum Entropy (2008)

This letter presents a robust voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm for detecting voice activity in noisy environments. The presented robust VAD utilizes the entropy measurement defined in band-splitting spectrum domain to exploit the formant frequency representation as a highly efficient, compact representation of the time-varying characteristics of speech. Additionally, Teager energy operator (TEO) can be employed to provide a better representation of formant information resulting in high performance of classification of speech/non-speech priori to entropy-based measurement. The results show that the proposed algorithm has an overall better performance than the standard ITU-T G.729B VAD and Shen's entropy-based VAD.
소우 후지모토 건축에서 나타나는 자기조직화 특성에 관한 연구 (2016)

(연구배경 및 목적)기계론적 세계관에서 복잡계 패러다임으로의 전환은 모든 유기적인 자연시스템을 하나의 복잡계로 보고, 모든 부분들의 집합에 적용할 수 있는 시스템적 특성을 찾고자 했다. 소우 후지모토는 이러한 시대 인식을 바탕으로 직접적인 모방을 넘어서 자연과 같이 복잡하고 다양함을 수용할 수 있는 공간을 만들어 나가고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 복잡계 특성의 핵심인 자기조직화의 관점에서 소우 후지모토의 건축을 분석함으로써 그가 구현하고자 하는 건축의 모습인 ‘미래의 숲’과 같은 건축의 본질과 특성이 무엇인지 밝히고, 이를 통해 현대 사회에 하나의 구현 가능한 건축적 대안을 모색해고자 한다.(연구방법) 이를 위해 자기조직화의 개념과 특성에 대한 고찰을 통해 연구의 분석틀을 마련하고, 그의 저서에서 언급되고 있는 자기조직화 관점에 대해 분석한다. 이를 토대로 그의 주요 작품을 분석하여 공간구성 측면에서의 자기조직화 특성을 도출하여 유형화하고 궁극적으로 그가 구현하고자 하는 자기조직적 질서가 무엇인지 그 본질에 대해 밝힌다. (결과) 후지모토는 젊은 시절에 일리야 프리고진의 산일구조와 복잡계 질서에 대한 책을 흥미롭게 읽었고 이것이 복잡하고 다양한 현대 시대에 대한 해답이 되지 않을까하는 신념을 갖고 부분으로부터 자연스럽게 생성되는 상향식 질서를 통해 자기조직적인 공간을 생성해 나가려는 시도를 하고 있다. 후지모토는 근대건축의 대안으로서 ``미래의 숲‘에 대한 생각을 그의 저서인 ‘건축이 태어나는 순간’이나 ‘원초적 미래(Primitive Future)’를 주제로 한 여러 강연을 통해 밝히고 있는데, 자기조직적 관점을 요약하면 자기유사적 관점에서의 ‘부분으로서의 공간’, 총체적 관점에서의 ‘분화되기 이전의 공간’, 창발적 관점에서의 ‘의도하지 않은 공간’ 등 크게 3가지사유로 분석될 수 있다. 그의 건축에서 나타나는 자기조직화 특성은 첫째, 자기유사적인 프랙탈적 구성을 통해 자연에 개방적인비선형적인 구조를 이루면서 동시에 위상학적인 중첩을 통해 공간적 경험이 활성화되는 자기조직화 특성을 나타내고, 둘째, 자기조직적 분화를 통해 연속적인 흐름을 갖고, 또 부분과 부분간의 무수한 관계성을 통해 다중심적인 집합적 질서를 나타낸다. 마지막으로 다층적 사이 공간에 의한 모호함을 통해 탈경계적 질서를 형성하는 동시에 공간 자체보다는 사이 간의 공명적 상호작용을 통해 창발적 자기조직화를 이루고 있다.(결론) 결론적으로 그가 말하는 ‘미래의 숲’은 부분 간의 피드백을 통해 환경과 끊임없이 상호작용하는 비평형 상태를 이루는 불완정성을 지닌 가능성의 공간, 즉 자연과 같이 복잡하고 다양한 것을 만들어내는 공간이라고 분석된다.
Experimental Research on Rolling Radius of Formed Part for Cross Wedge Rolling (2010)

Rolling radius of formed part in the rolling procedure of cross wedge rolling is one of the basic parameters for die design and process analysis,which reflects the relationship of relative motion between roll and formed part,so it plays an important role in roller shape curve design of dies for shafts with noncircular cross-section such as the camshaft of engine.By rolling experiment,the variation law of rolling radius during the rolling process is obtained,and the influence rules of technical parameters are achieved.The results show that the rolling radius of formed part is larger than the size of original billet and gradually decreases with rolling process at the knifing stage,and keeps stable during the period of stretching.At the stage of shaping,the rolling radius decreases gradually as the elevation of the mould forming surface.And it basically equals to the final dimension of formed part in the finishing stage.The rolling radius of rolled piece increases with the increment of the tool stretching angle and forming angle.Influence of area reduction is relatively complicated.The rolling radius increases as the area reduction increased at first.When the area reduction raises certain value,it reduces with the rise of area reduction.The diameter of billet shows that the greater the diameter radio of roll to formed part is,the closer the rolling radius to the inner side of original billet size will be.It is found that the influence of rolling temperature on the rolling radius can be ignored,but the condition of notch on the mould has significant effect.