gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design for an Inexpensive but Effective Cochlear Implant (1998)

Widespread application of cochlear implants is limited by cost, especially in developing countries. In this article we present a design for a low-cost but effective cochlear implant system. The system includes a speech processor, four pairs of transmitting and receiving coils, and an electrode array with four monopolar electrodes. All implanted components are passive, reducing to a minimum the complexity of manufacture and allowing high reliability. A four-channel continuous interleaved sampling strategy is used for the speech processor. The processor and transmission link have been evaluated in tests with a subject previously implanted with the Ineraid electrode array and percutaneous connector. A prototype of the link, consisting of four pairs of transmitting and external receiving coils, was used, with the outputs of the receiving coils directed to four intracochlear electrodes through the percutaneous connector. The subject achieved speech reception scores with the prototype system that were equivalent to those achieved with a standard laboratory implementation of a continuous interleaved sampling processor with current-controlled stimuli.
Evaluation of lipid yield for biodiesel production extracted from microalgae Scenedesmus sp. submitted to different homogenization times and physicochemical changes (2020)

Due to the growing demand for fuels and the consequent concern with the problems related to the burning of these products, the interest arises in developing new technologies linked to the use of natural resources to generate renewable energy1,2, replacing conventional sources. Based on this assumption, biomass is an excellent alternative for biofuel production.3 Microalgae have shown great advantages compared to traditional agricultural crops. Microalgae have a high production capacity of oil per unit area4; are adaptable crops, including using brackish or wastewater in their cultivation and which would be unsuitable for traditional agricultural crops, provided they have satisfactory heat and radiation conditions.5 In addition, microalgae have high atmospheric CO2 fixation capacity.6 In this context, an evaluation of the yield of lipids extracted from biomass is presented microalgae Scenedesmus sp. following various treatments (homogenization and physicochemical variations of the environment: such as temperature and/or pH), which allow the selection of a technological route for the extraction of lipids of interest, aiming the production of biodiesel.
PCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2023)

<b>Rationale:</b> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by limited treatment options and high mortality. A better understanding of the molecular drivers of IPF progression is needed. <b>Objectives:</b> To identify and validate molecular determinants of IPF survival. <b>Methods:</b> A staged genome-wide association study was performed using paired genomic and survival data. Stage I cases were drawn from centers across the United States and Europe and stage II cases from Vanderbilt University. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify gene variants associated with differential transplantation-free survival (TFS). Stage I variants with nominal significance (<i>P</i> < 5 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) were advanced for stage II testing and meta-analyzed to identify those reaching genome-wide significance (<i>P</i> < 5 × 10<sup>-8</sup>). Downstream analyses were performed for genes and proteins associated with variants reaching genome-wide significance. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> After quality controls, 1,481 stage I cases and 397 stage II cases were included in the analysis. After filtering, 9,075,629 variants were tested in stage I, with 158 meeting advancement criteria. Four variants associated with TFS with consistent effect direction were identified in stage II, including one in an intron of <i>PCSK6</i> (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6) reaching genome-wide significance (hazard ratio, 4.11 [95% confidence interval, 2.54-6.67]; <i>P</i> = 9.45 × 10<sup>-9</sup>). PCSK6 protein was highly expressed in IPF lung parenchyma. PCSK6 lung staining intensity, peripheral blood gene expression, and plasma concentration were associated with reduced TFS. <b>Conclusions:</b> We identified four novel variants associated with IPF survival, including one in <i>PCSK6</i> that reached genome-wide significance. Downstream analyses suggested that PCSK6 protein plays a potentially important role in IPF progression.
Thermal and Chemical Stability of Regenerable Solid Amine Sorbent for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2006)

The adsorption and desorption of CO2 and SO2 on an amine-grafted SBA-15 sorbent has been studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry. CO2 adsorbed on an amine-grafted sorbent as carbonates and bicarbonates, while SO2 adsorbed as sulfates and sulfites. The CO2 adsorption capacity of the amine-grafted sorbent was almost twice as much as that of a commercial sorbent. The adsorption of CO2 in the presence of H2O and D2O shows an isotopic shift in the IR frequency of adsorbed carbonate and bicarbonate bands, revealing that water plays a role in the CO2 adsorption on amine-grafted sorbents. Although the rate of adsorption of SO2 was slower than that of CO2, the adsorbed S surface species is capable of blocking the active amine sites for CO2 adsorption. A temperature-programmed degradation study of the amine-grafted sorbent showed that the surface amine species are stable up to 250 °C in air.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription Is Regulated by Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins: Evidence of a Corepressor/Coactivator Exchange (2007)

Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) is overexpressed in human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced diseases, including cervical cancer. Although HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins have been causally linked to cervical carcinogenesis, their effects on COX-2 gene expression are unknown. Increased levels of COX-2 mRNA, protein, and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis were detected in HPV16 E6- and E7-expressing cervical cancer cells (CaSki and SiHa) compared with an uninfected cervical cancer cell line (C33A). HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins induced COX-2 transcription by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-->Ras-->mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Interestingly, HPV16 oncoproteins stimulated EGFR signaling, in part, by inducing the release of amphiregulin, an EGFR ligand. The inductive effects of HPV16 E6 and E7 were mediated by enhanced binding of activator protein-1 to the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element (-59/-53) of the COX-2 promoter. The potential contribution of coactivators and corepressors to HPV16 E6- and E7-mediated induction of COX-2 was also investigated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that E6 and E7 oncoproteins induced the recruitment of phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Fos, UbcH5, and cAMP-responsive element binding protein-binding protein/p300 to the COX-2 promoter. In contrast, E6 and E7 inhibited the binding of the histone deacetylase 3-nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) complex to the COX-2 promoter. Moreover, overexpression of NCoR blocked E6- and E7-mediated stimulation of the COX-2 promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins stimulated COX-2 transcription by inducing a corepressor/coactivator exchange. To our knowledge, this study also provides the first evidence that NCoR can function as a repressor of COX-2 gene expression.
Assessment of Herpesvirus saimiri as a potential human gene therapy vector (1999)

Herpesvirus saimiri has characteristics that make it amenable to development as a gene therapy vector. The viral genome is thought to be capable of accommodating large quantities of heterologous DNA while the virus itself can infect many different cell types. Virus infection has been shown in many cases to be persistent by virtue of episomal maintenance in the target cell. In this article we examine the ability of nonselectable recombinant viruses expressing the β-galactosidase gene product to infect a variety of human cells and demonstrate that this virus could be developed as an alternative hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy vector. In contrast to earlier observations, we demonstrate by a number of methods that the virus has the ability to replicate in many human cell types, suggesting the need for the development of a disabled virus for use as a gene therapy vector. J. Med. Virol. 57:269–277, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A randomized error recovery algorithm for reliable multicast (2002)

An efficient error recovery algorithm is essential for a liable multicast in large groups. Tree-based protocols (RMTP, TMTP, LBRRM) group receivers into local regions and select a repair server for performing error recovery in each region. Hence a single server bears the entire responsibility of error recovery for a region. In addition, the deployment of repair servers requires topological information of the underlying multicast tree, which is generally not available at the transport layer. This paper presents RRMP, a randomized reliable multicast protocol which improves the robustness of tree-based protocols by diffusing the responsibility of error recovery among all members in a group. The protocol works well within the existing IP multicast framework and does not require additional support from routers. Both analysis and simulation results show that the performance penalty due to randomization is low and can be tuned according to application requirements.
Galactosemia: a strategy to identify new biochemical phenotypes and molecular genotypes. (1995)

We describe a stratagem for identifying new mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene. GALT enzyme activity and isoforms were defined in erythrocytes from probands and their first-degree relatives. If the biochemical phenotypes segregated in an autosomal recessive pattern, we screened for common mutations by using multiplex PCR and restriction endonuclease digestions. If common mutant alleles were not present, the 11 exons of the GALT gene were amplified by PCR, and variations from the normal nucleotide sequences were identified by SSCP. The suspected region(s) was then analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. We identified 86 mutant GALT alleles that reduced erythrocyte GALT activity. Seventy-five of these GALT genomes had abnormal SSCP patterns, of which 41 were sequenced, yielding 12 new and 21 previously reported, rare mutations. Among the novel group of 12 new mutations, an unusual biochemical phenotype was found in a family whose newborn proband has classical galactosemia. He had inherited two mutations in cis (N314D-E203K) from his father, whose GALT activity was near normal, and an additional GALT mutation in the splice-acceptor site of intron C (IVSC) from his mother. The substitution of a positively charged E203K mutation created a unique isoform-banding pattern. An asymptomatic sister's GALT genes carries three mutations (E203K-N314D/N314D) with eight distinct isoform bands. Surprisingly, her erythrocytes have normal GALT activity. We conclude that the synergism of pedigree, biochemical, SSCP, and direct GALT gene analyses is an efficient protocol for identifying new mutations and speculate that E203K and N314D codon changes produce intraallelic complementation when in cis.
Grating phase matching beyond a continuum edge (2007)

We show that fiber Bragg gratings can extend an optical continuum to spectral regions where continuum generation is very weak. Highly nonlinear fibers with Bragg grating resonances at 700, 750, and 800 nm were pumped with 70 fs pulses at 1580 nm and exhibited enhancement peaks up to 25 dB above the extremely weak continuum at these wavelengths, normally more than 40 dB below the average power in the continuum. We show that the grating peaks may be computed by treating the continuum pulse as an undepleted pump and including the grating dispersion as a phase-matching term.
Noninvasive visualization of activated regions and current flow in the heart by analyzing vector components of a cardiac magnetic field (2003)

To enable noninvasive analysis of cardiac electric processes in the heart, we have developed two different magneto-cardiogram (MCG) display methods that use vector (normal and tangential) components. The vector components are measured and analyzed with a 64-channel superconducting quantum interference (SQUID) system. From the magnetic field pattern of the Bz component normal to the body surface, the localized current source, e.g., the location of an arrhythmia pathway, is estimated. During depolarization and repolarization phases, the position and distribution of current sources in the heart can be visualized through a two-dimensional projection of the analyzed tangential magnetic field. The location and distribution of current in the heart are visualized, and anatomical position is determined by superimposing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MCG measurements. This visualization gives us new information on multiple activated regions at the beginning of QRS, on the position of the arrhythmia focus, and any abnormality in the repolarization process.
Hierarchical Imprinting Using Crude Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis Products as Templates (2003)

The crude products resulting from solid-phase peptide synthesis can be used as epitope templates to generate surface-confined sites for the template and larger peptides containing the template motif. This offers a facile route to robust affinity stationary phases for the chromatographic separation of peptides.
Traffic Modeling with Gamma Mixtures and Dynamical Bandwidth Provisioning (2006)

Dynamic bandwidth provisioning for data service is an efficient way to optimize network resource utilization. For the purpose of dynamical bandwidth provisioning, we need a model that can capture online the traffic characteristics and facilitate mathematical analysis. A mixture of gamma distributions can approximate any distribution with nonnegative support as closely as desired. It can not only characterize field data well, but also facilitate analytically tractable results far performance evaluation. This paper uses a Gamma mixture to model Internet traffic and proposes an online algorithm to fit the model to actual Internet traffic. The fitted model is applied to provision bandwidth dynamically, and many simulation and experimental results are also provided
Far-infrared absorption by oxygen in silicon (1988)

Far-infrared absorption measurements in the 14–50 cm−1 range have been performed for oxygen containing silicon crystals in a temperature range of 4.2–35 K. In addition to the previously reported absorption peaks at 29.3, 37.8, 43.3, and 49.0 cm−1 [D. R. Bosomworth, W. Hayes, A. R. L. Spray, and G. D. Watkins, Proc. R. Soc. London A 317, 133 (1970)], a fine structure with peaks at 25.3, 28.3, 30.2, and 33.3 cm−1 has been found, which is considered to be a sideband caused by a coupling between the off-center excitation of the interstitial oxygen and other anharmonic localized excitation of an energy of about 1 cm−1 hc.
Phospholipid fatty acid composition and stereospecific distribution of soybeans with a wide range of fatty acid composition (1997)

Abstract Phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition and stereospecific distribution of 25 genetically modified soybean lines with a wide range of compositions were determined by gas chromatography and phospholipase A 2 hydrolysis. Pl contained an average of 55.3% phosphatidylcholine, 26.3% phosphatidylethanolamine, and 18.4% phosphatidylinositol. PL class proportions were affected by changes in overall fatty acid composition. PL fatty acid composition changed with oil fatty acid modification, especially for palmitate, stearate, and linolenate. Stereospecific analysis showed that saturated fatty acids were primarily located at the sn ‐1 position of all PL, and changes of the saturates in PL were largely reflected on this position. Oleate was distributed relatively equally between the sn ‐1 and sn ‐2 positions. Linoleate was much more concentrated on sn ‐2 than on sn ‐1 position for all PL. Linolenate was distributed relatively equally at low concentration but preferred sn ‐2 position at high concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIALLERGIC ACTIVITY OF TETRACYCLIC DERIVATIVES OF QUINOLINE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACID. 2. SOME BENZOTHIENOQUINOLINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Amino‐dibenzothiophen (Ia) entsteht mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester das Addukt (Ib), das thermisch zu (IIa) cyclisiert und anschließend zu (IIb) verseift wird.
Simplified Explosive Joining of Tubes to Fittings (1987)

Technique simplifies tube-to-fitting joining, as compared to fusion welding, and provides improvement on standard procedures used to join tubes explosively to tube fittings. Special tool inserted into tube to be joined. Tool allows strip of ribbon explosive to be placed right at joint. Ribbon explosive and mild detonating fuse allows use of smaller charge. Assembled tool storable, and process amenable to automation. Assembly of components, insertion of tool into weld site, and joining operation mechanized without human contact. Used to assemble components in nuclear reactors or in other environments hostile to humans.
ModelPlex: verified runtime validation of verified cyber-physical system models (2016)

Formal verification and validation play a crucial role in making cyber-physical systems (CPS) safe. Formal methods make strong guarantees about the system behavior if accurate models of the system can be obtained, including models of the controller and of the physical dynamics. In CPS, models are essential; but any model we could possibly build necessarily deviates from the real world. If the real system fits to the model, its behavior is guaranteed to satisfy the correctness properties verified with respect to the model. Otherwise, all bets are off. This article introduces ModelPlex, a method ensuring that verification results about models apply to CPS implementations. ModelPlex provides correctness guarantees for CPS executions at runtime: it combines offline verification of CPS models with runtime validation of system executions for compliance with the model. ModelPlex ensures in a provably correct way that the verification results obtained for the model apply to the actual system runs by monitoring the behavior of the world for compliance with the model. If, at some point, the observed behavior no longer complies with the model so that offline verification results no longer apply, ModelPlex initiates provably safe fallback actions, assuming the system dynamics deviation is bounded. This article, furthermore, develops a systematic technique to synthesize provably correct monitors automatically from CPS proofs in differential dynamic logic by a correct-by-construction approach, leading to verifiably correct runtime model validation. Overall, ModelPlex generates provably correct monitor conditions that, if checked to hold at runtime, are provably guaranteed to imply that the offline safety verification results about the CPS model apply to the present run of the actual CPS implementation.
Analog Signal Correlating Using an Analog-Based Signal Conditioning Front End (2013)

This innovation is capable of correlating two analog signals by using an analog-based signal conditioning front end to hard-limit the analog signals through adaptive thresholding into a binary bit stream, then performing the correlation using a Hamming similarity calculator function embedded in a one-bit digital correlator (OBDC). By converting the analog signal into a bit stream, the calculation of the correlation function is simplified, and less hardware resources are needed. This binary representation allows the hardware to move from a DSP where instructions are performed serially, into digital logic where calculations can be performed in parallel, greatly speeding up calculations.
Application of blazed gratings for determination of equivalent primary azimuthal aberrations (1999)

Aberrations are determined from wafers exposed using a test reticle having blazed gratings with orientations from 0 to 337.5 degrees in increments of 22.5 degrees. The image of the phase grating is micro stepped thorough focus on the surface of high absorption photoresist. A second blanket exposure is applied to the latent images to make the developed resist images have a surface relief linearly related to the aerial image intensity. The first order diffraction efficiency of this surface grating is directly propagational to the first harmonic of the surface relief. This diffraction efficiency is recorded as a digitized dark- field image and processed to evalute the aberrations. These images are simulated and matched to those recorded in the photoresist by adjusting the aberrations to achieve a best match. The primary azimuthal aberration contributions are separated by Fourier analysis into coma, astigmatism, 3 leaf clover, etc. and laser used to indicate lens quality. Several grating frequencies are required to separate higher order components of each azimuthal aberration. Only one grating frequency is used in the data reported here and all orders of each azimuthal aberration are lumped into equivalent primary azimuthal aberrations.
FAST: A Framework to Accelerate Super-Resolution Processing on Compressed Videos (2016)

State-of-the-art super-resolution (SR) algorithms require significant computational resources to achieve real-time throughput (e.g., 60Mpixels/s for HD video). This paper introduces FAST (Free Adaptive Super-resolution via Transfer), a framework to accelerate any SR algorithm applied to compressed videos. FAST exploits the temporal correlation between adjacent frames such that SR is only applied to a subset of frames; SR pixels are then transferred to the other frames. The transferring process has negligible computation cost as it uses information already embedded in the compressed video (e.g., motion vectors and residual). Adaptive processing is used to retain accuracy when the temporal correlation is not present (e.g., occlusions). FAST accelerates state-of-the-art SR algorithms by up to 15x with a visual quality loss of 0.2dB. FAST is an important step towards real-time SR algorithms for ultra-HD displays and energy constrained devices (e.g., phones and tablets).
Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitors Inspired on Snapshots from the Catalytic Mechanism (2020)

β-Lactam antibiotics are the most widely prescribed antibacterial drugs due to their low toxicity and broad spectrum. Their action is counteracted by different resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria. Among them, the most common strategy is the expression of β-lactamases, enzymes that hydrolyze the amide bond present in all β-lactam compounds. There are several inhibitors against serine-β-lactamases (SBLs). Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are Zn(II)-dependent enzymes able to hydrolyze most β-lactam antibiotics, and no clinically useful inhibitors against them have yet been approved. Despite their large structural diversity, MBLs have a common catalytic mechanism with similar reaction species. Here, we describe a number of MBL inhibitors that mimic different species formed during the hydrolysis process: substrate, transition state, intermediate, or product. Recent advances in the development of boron-based and thiol-based inhibitors are discussed in the light of the mechanism of MBLs. We also discuss the use of chelators as a possible strategy, since Zn(II) ions are essential for substrate binding and catalysis.