gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastomeric Nanoparticle Composites Covalently Bound to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaAs Surfaces (2007)

This article reports the modification of Al2O3/GaAs surfaces with multifunctional soft materials. Siloxane elastomers were covalently bound to dopamine-modified Al2O3/GaAs semiconductor surfaces using MPt (M = Fe, Ni) nanoparticles. The sizes of the monodisperse FePt and NiPt nanoparticles were less than 5 nm. The surfaces of the nanoparticles as well as the Al2O3/GaAs substrates were modified with allyl-functionalized dopamine that utilized a dihydroxy group as a strong ligand. The immobilization of the elastomers was performed via a hydrosilation reaction of the allyl-functionalized dopamines with the siloxane backbones. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments confirmed the covalent bonding of the siloxane elastomers to the oxide layer on the semiconductor surface. Fourier transform-infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) measurements revealed that the allyl functional groups are bonded to the siloxane backbones. The FT-IRRAS data also showed that the density of the allyl groups on the surface was lower than that of the siloxane backbones. The mechanical properties of the surface-bound nanocomposites were tested using nanoindentation experiments. The nanoindentation data showed that the soft matrix composed of the elastomeric coating on the surfaces behaves differently from the inner, hard Al2O3/GaAs substrate.
Patient-specific factors influence somatic variation patterns in von Hippel–Lindau disease renal tumours (2016)

Cancer development is presumed to be an evolutionary process that is influenced by genetic background and environment. In laboratory animals, genetics and environment are variables that can largely be held constant. In humans, it is possible to compare independent tumours that have developed in the same patient, effectively constraining genetic and environmental variation and leaving only stochastic processes. Patients affected with von Hippel-Lindau disease are at risk of developing multiple independent clear cell renal carcinomas. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing on 40 tumours from six von Hippel-Lindau patients. We confirm that the tumours are clonally independent, having distinct somatic single-nucleotide variants. Although tumours from the same patient show many differences, within-patient patterns are discernible. Single-nucleotide substitution type rates are significantly different between patients and show biases in trinucleotide mutation context. We also observe biases in chromosome copy number aberrations. These results show that genetic background and/or environment can influence the types of mutations that occur.
Photodynamic Properties and Photoantimicrobial Action of Electrochemically Generated Porphyrin Polymeric Films (2009)

Spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of polymeric films bearing porphyrin units have been studied in both solution containing photooxidizable substrates and in vitro on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans microorganisms. The films were formed by electrochemical polymerization of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N-diphenylaminophenyl)porphyrin (H2P-film) and its complex with Pd(II) (PdP-film) on optically transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Absorption spectroscopic studies show the characteristic Soret and Q bands of the porphyrin in the visible region and a band at approximately 350 nm corresponding to the tetraphenylbenzidine units. Upon excitation, the H2P-film exhibits two bands of fluorescence emission from porphyrin, while it is not detected using PdP-film. The singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Deltag), productions of these surfaces were evaluated using 9,10-dimethylanthracene in N,N-dimethylformamide. Also, the photodynamic activity was compared in solutions of L-tryptophan. Under these conditions, oxidation of these substrates takes place indicating an efficient photodynamic action of both polymeric films. In vitro investigations show that these films produce photosensitized inactivation of microbial cells in aqueous suspensions. These films exhibit a photosensitizing activity causing a approximately 3 log decrease of E. coil and approximately 2.5 log of C. albicans cellular survival after 30 min of irradiation with visible light. The photodynamic effect of the surfaces was also tested by growth delay experiments. The results indicate that porphyrins immobilized on electropolymeric films are interesting and versatile photodynamic surfaces to inactivate microorganisms in liquid suspensions.
Model-Based Control-Oriented Combustion Phasing Feedback for Fast CA50 Estimation (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The highly transient operational nature of passenger car engines makes cylinder pressure based feedback control of combustion phasing difficult. The problem is further complicated by cycle-to-cycle combustion variation. A method for fast and accurate differentiation of normal combustion variations and true changes in combustion phasing is addressed in this research. The proposed method combines the results of a feed forward combustion phasing prediction model and “noisy” measurements from cylinder pressure using an iterative estimation technique. A modified version of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is applied to calculate optimal estimation gain according to the stochastic properties of the combustion phasing measurement at the corresponding engine operating condition. Methods to improve steady state CA50 estimation performance and adaptation to errors are further discussed in this research. Finally, the proposed CA50 observer was applied to a SI engine and validated with simulation and dynamometer tests using a prototype engine controller. The new method provides more responsive and accurate CA50 estimation performance than discrete low pass filter techniques.</div></div>
Speckle reduction method for image-based coherent stereogram generation (2018)

We propose a speckle noise reduction method for generation of coherent holographic stereograms. The method employs densely sampled light field (DSLF) of the scene together with depth information acquired for each ray in the captured DSLF. Speckle reduction is achieved based on the ray separation technique where the scene is first described as a superposition of sparse sets of point sources corresponding to separated sets of rays and then the holographic reconstructions corresponding to these sparse sets of point sources are added incoherently (intensity-wise) to obtain the final reconstruction. The proposed method handles the light propagation between the sparse scene points and hologram elements accurately by utilizing ray resampling based on the notion of DSLF. As a result, as demonstrated via numerical simulations, significant speckle suppression is achieved at no cost of sampling related reconstruction artifacts.
Neuronal plasticity in the deafferented hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of adult female rats and its enhancement by treatment with estrogen (1981)

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) was examined ultrastructurally 3 or 21 days after complete deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) in ovariectomized adult female rats. Axodendritic shaft (SHS) and spine synapses (SPS) were counted in a field of 18,000 mu m2 in the middle part of the ARCN in each brain. The mean numbers of SHS and SPS at 3 or 21 days after deafferentation were reduced to about half of those in intact control animals. When the ARCNs of the ovariectomized MBH-island rats were examined 3 days after treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB, 2 mu g/day), the numbers of SHS and SPS did not differ from those in ovariectomized MBH-island rats without EB treatment. However, EB treatment for 21 days produced a marked increase in the number of both SHS and SPS in the ovariectomized MBH-island females, with the number of SHS in these females being restored to almost 75% of the intact level; the incidence of SPS was also significantly greater than that in the intact control animals. In these EB-treated, ovariectomized MBH-island rats, double synapses (spine-spine and spine-shaft double synapses) were frequently observed. In ovariectomized females without MBH deafferentation, however, estrogen failed to increase the numbers of SHS, SPS, and double synapses, which were almost comparable to those in intact and ovariectomized controls. These results suggest that estrogen has a facilitatory effect on SHS and SPS formation in the deafferented ARCN, presumably stimulating not only axonal sprouting but also dendritic spine formation by intact arcuate neurons in the MBH island.
Universal similarity (2005)

We survey a new area of parameter-free similarity distance measures useful in data-mining, pattern recognition, learning and automatic semantics extraction. Given a family of distances on a set of objects, a distance is universal up to a certain precision for that family if it minorizes every distance in the family between every two objects in the set, up to the stated precision (we do not require the universal distance to be an element of the family). We consider similarity distances for two types of objects: literal objects that as such contain all of their meaning, like genomes or books, and names for objects. The latter may have literal embodyments like the first type, but may also be abstract like "red" or "christianity:' For the first type we consider a family of computable distance measures corresponding to parameters expressing similarity according to particular features between pairs of literal objects. For the second type we consider similarity distances generated by Web users corresponding to particular semantic relations between the (names for) the designated objects. For both families we give universal similarity distance measures, incorporating all particular distance measures in the family. In the first case the universal distance is based on compression and in the second case it is based on Google page counts related to search terms. In both cases experiments on a massive scale give evidence of the viability of the approaches.
Substance use during pregnancy: time for policy to catch up with research (2004)

The phenomenon of substance abuse during pregnancy has fostered much controversy, specifically regarding treatment vs. punishment. Should the pregnant mother who engages in substance abuse be viewed as a criminal or as someone suffering from an illness requiring appropriate treatment? As it happens, there is a noticeably wide range of responses to this matter in the various states of the United States, ranging from a strictly criminal perspective to one that does emphasize the importance of the mother's treatment. This diversity of dramatically different responses illustrates the failure to establish a uniform policy for the management of this phenomenon. Just as there is lack of consensus among those who favor punishment, the same lack of consensus characterizes those states espousing treatment. Several general policy recommendations are offered here addressing the critical issues. It is hoped that by focusing on these fundamental issues and ultimately detailing statistics, policymakers throughout the United States will consider the course of action that views both pregnant mother and fetus/child as humanely as possible.
Highly Linear Tunable CMOS $Gm{\hbox{-}}C$Low-Pass Filter (2009)

A comprehensive analysis of tunable transconductor topologies based on passive resistors is presented. Based on this analysis, a new CMOS transconductor is designed, which features high linearity, simplicity, and robustness against geometric and parametric mismatches. A novel tuning technique using just a MOS transistor in the triode region allows the adjustment of the transconductance in a wide range without affecting the voltage-to-current conversion core. Measurement results of the transconductor fabricated in a 0.5- mum CMOS technology confirm the high linearity predicted. As an application, a third-order <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gm-C</i> tunable low-pass filter fabricated in the same technology is presented. The measured third-order intermodulation distortion of the filter for a single 5-V supply and a 2-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> two-tone input signal centered at 10 MHz is -78 dB.
A flow-sensing velocity microphone (2019)

A microphone is described having a sensing element driven by viscous forces due to the fluctuating velocity of the air in a sound field. Unlike typical microphones having pressure-sensing diaphragm, thin microfabricated beams or thin porous plates are used to detect acoustic flow. The structures are designed to maximize the effects of viscosity on their motion. To transduce the motion into an electronic signal, a new capacitive sensing approach is utilized that imposes minimal electrostatic force, enabling the sensor to be highly compliant without being affected by the use of large bias voltages.
An H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase Assay: Proton Pumping and ATPase Activity Determined Simultaneously in the Same Sample (1990)

A continuous spectrophotometric assay of H(+)-ATPase activity was developed by combining two well-known methods for measuring proton pumping and ATPase activity. Proton uptake into plasma membrane vesicles from Avena sativa L. (cv Rhiannon) was monitored as the absorbance decrease at 495 nm of the DeltapH probe acridine orange. Simultaneously, ATPase activity was measured by following the absorbance decrease at 340 nanometers by coupling ATP hydrolysis enzymatically to the oxidation of NADH. This H(+)-ATPase assay is convenient for determining the relative relationship between ATP hydrolysis and proton pumping.
TSV manufacturing yield and hidden costs for 3D IC integration (2010)

3D integration consists of 3D IC packaging, 3D IC integration, and 3D Si integration. They are different and in general, the TSV (through-silicon-via) separates the 3D IC packaging and 3D IC/Si integrations, i.e., the latter two use TSV, but 3D IC packaging does not. TSV for 3D integration is >26 years old technology, which (with a new concept that every chip could have two active surfaces) is the focus of this study. Emphasis is placed on the TSV manufacturing yield and hidden costs. A 3D integration roadmap is also provided.
Effects of Surface Area, Free Volume, and Heat of Adsorption on Hydrogen Uptake in Metal−Organic Frameworks (2006)

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were performed to predict adsorption isotherms for hydrogen in a series of 10 isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs). The results show acceptable agreement with the limited experimental results from the literature. The effects of surface area, free volume, and heat of adsorption on hydrogen uptake were investigated by performing simulations over a wide range of pressures on this set of materials, which all have the same framework topology and surface chemistry but varying pore sizes. The results reveal the existence of three adsorption regimes: at low pressure (loading), hydrogen uptake correlates with the heat of adsorption; at intermediate pressure, uptake correlates with the surface area; and at the highest pressures, uptake correlates with the free volume. The accessible surface area and free volume, calculated from the crystal structures, were also used to estimate the potential of these materials to meet gravimetric and volumetric targets for hydrogen storage in IRMOFs.
Classification and Comparison of BPFC Techniques: A Review (2013)

Power factor correction (PFC) techniques play an important role in green power and energy-saving technology. Based on conventional boost PFC, many novel topologies and control strategies of bridgeless PFC(BPFC) have been proposed, and BPFC reduces the number of devices, the losses and improves the power density as well. In this paper, it discusses and investigates a variety of low conduction losses and high power factor performance of the BPFC topological structures and identifies their merits and limitations by comparing and analysing bridgeless boost PFC,bridgeless buck PFC ,bridgeless sepic PFC and Bridgeless cuk PFC. And the trends of bridgeless PFC techniques are analyzed in the meantime. For the selection, application, and the later structural optimization of Bridgeless PFC techniques which are used in the smart grid, distributed energy and green power and other equipments.. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono omowienie badan nad bezmostkowym korektorem wspolczynnika mocy, mających na celu porownanie strat przewodzenia i skuteczności dzialania, dla roznych topologii ukladu. W pracy określono zalety i ograniczenia poszczegolnych architektur oraz ich ewolucje. Porownano ich zastosowanie do sieci inteligentnych, energetyki rozproszonej i odnawialnej. (Przegląd i porownanie bezmostkowych korektorow wspolczynnika mocy).
Research on Application of Enterprise Project Management Based on GIS (2015)

GIS spatial information visualization features and location-based services technology are applied in the enterprise project management program,which can achieve spatial information location query,and the statistical analysis and visualization of project information.Accordingly,the application of GIS technology is particularly important in project management.Through using the research methods of the combining of GIS spatial information visualization technology and scientific project management theory,meanwhile applying the geographic information visualization technology,WebGIS technology and 3-tier architecture technology,the thesis study the construction of large enterprise GIS projects information system,and develop project management system based on GIS.System achieve the overall information management for the project in enterprise-wide geographic information areas,these management including market information management,contract management,financial management,human resource management and device management,etc.And the position query and visualization implementation process are analyzed.The thesis provides some support for the efficient management and the correct decision of the enterprise.
Application of Acoustic Technique to Surveying a Buried Fault in Tianjin (2008)

我们执行了用象单个隧道的地震技术那样的声学的调查方法在天津在 Haihe 差错的浅结构和差错阶层上调查。结果证明方法能在宽、深的河功课获得令人满意的结果。它也证明在天津的 Tanggu 区域， Haihe 差错的上面的差错点关于在河床下面的 30m，相应最近的活跃时期是 Q3pQ1h，它与以前的地上凿穿调查结果一致。在里面近海 Bohai 海的区域，因为稠密的差错地区和它的上面的差错削尖的一个 NWW 旧姓的罢工是在海床下面的不到 30m， Haihe 差错出现。它证明在 Bohai 海的 Haihe 差错的活跃特征对应于 Tanggu 区域。
Determination of Total Homocysteine in Human Plasma by Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1997)

A simple, sensitive and precise isocratic HPLC method for the determination of total homocysteine in human plasma is described. The thiol compounds were liberated from plasma proteins by reduction with tri-n-butylphosphine and derivatized with a thiol-specific fluorogenic marker, 7-fluoro-benzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate. The derivatives were separated isocratically within 7 min by reversed-phase HPLC using a Superspher 100 RP-18 column as stationary phase. By using this approach more than 200 samples a day can be assayed for total homocysteine. The method was linear up to 100 mumol/l and proved to be sensitive with a detection limit of 0.1 mumol/l and the lowest limit of reliable quantification of 0.5 mumol/l for homocysteine in buffer. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were both < 4% at a concentration of 10 mumol/l homocysteine. Similar results were obtained for homocysteine concentrations between 0.5 and 100 mumol/l. The analytical recovery for these concentrations ranged from 94.9 to 117.0%. As compared to other protocols published so far, this modified method is less complicated but equally sensitive and reproducible and allows a rapid determination of total homocysteine and cysteine in human plasma under routine conditions.
A Quantitative Investigation of the Fracture Pump-ln/Flowback Test (1995)

Abstract Fracture closure pressure is an important parameter for fracture treatment design and evaluation. The pump-in/flowback (PIFB) test is frequently used to estimate its magnitude. The test is attractive because bottomhole pressures during flowback develop a distinct and repeatable signature. This is in contrast to the pump-in/shut-in test where strong indications of fracture closure are rarely seen. Various techniques exist for extracting closure pressure from the flowback pressure response. Unfortunately, these procedures give different estimates for closure pressure and their theoretical bases are not well established. We present results that place the PIFB test on a more solid foundation. A numerical model is used to simulate the PIFB test and glean physical mechanisms contributing to the response. Based on our simulation results, we propose an interpretation procedure which gives better estimates for closure pressure than existing techniques.
Middleware Support for Context-aware Multimedia Applications (2005)

We describe QoSDREAM, a middleware framework for the construction and management of context-aware multimedia applications. The contributions of QoSDREAM include (1) a novel approach to the handling of location data derived from sensors in the physical world which integrates sensor data from a variety of sources into streams of application-relevant events and (2) a component-based architecture for the construction of real-time multimedia and other context-aware applications. The component architecture supports the construction of application models that are used for quality of service analysis and management purposes. Working distributed applications are derived from the models.
TumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub (2017)

Author(s): Ethan Heilman, Leen Alshenibr, Foteini Baldimtsi, Alessandra Scafuro, Sharon Goldberg Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 27 Feb 2017 Document Type: Reports Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2017 Abstract: This paper presents TumbleBit, a new unidirectional unlinkable payment hub that is fully compatible with today s Bitcoin protocol. TumbleBit allows parties to make fast, anonymous, off-blockchain payments through an untrusted … Continued
YBa2Cu3O7−δ-Ag-Al/Al2O3/Pb tunnel junctions based on the superconducting proximity effect (1990)

YBa2Cu3O7−δ-Ag-Al/Al2O3/Pb superconducting tunnel junctions with high subgap resistance were fabricated using the proximity effect induced superconductivity in the Ag-Al layer by the YBa2Cu3O7−δ film. At low temperature an energy gap of 9–10 meV is found to be induced in the aluminum layer. Above 20 K the induced gap disappears mainly due to the decreased normal metal coherence length. At higher voltages (V≤120 meV) the dynamic conductance dI/dV∝V, characteristic for the normal tunneling density of states of the oxide superconductor.