gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silencing Bruton's tyrosine kinase in alveolar neutrophils protects mice from LPS/immune complex-induced acute lung injury (2014)

Previous observations made by our laboratory indicate that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of local inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We have shown that there is cross talk between FcγRIIa and TLR4 in alveolar neutrophils from patients with ALI/ARDS and that Btk mediates the molecular cooperation between these two receptors. To study the function of Btk in vivo we have developed a unique two-hit model of ALI: LPS/immune complex (IC)-induced ALI. Furthermore, we conjugated F(ab)2 fragments of anti-neutrophil antibodies (Ly6G1A8) with specific siRNA for Btk to silence Btk specifically in alveolar neutrophils. It should be stressed that we are the first group to perform noninvasive transfections of neutrophils, both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, our present findings indicate that silencing Btk in alveolar neutrophils has a dramatic protective effect in mice with LPS/IC-induced ALI, and that Btk regulates neutrophil survival and clearance of apoptotic neutrophils in this model. In conclusion, we put forward a hypothesis that Btk-targeted neutrophil specific therapy is a valid goal of research geared toward restoring homeostasis in lungs of patients with ALI/ARDS.
Hybrid silicon-conductive oxide nanocavity modulators: toward atto-joule/bit energy efficiency (Conference Presentation) (2019)

With the exponential growth of bandwidth requirement of data centers and supercomputers, energy already limits our ability to process and communicate information. There is an urgent need to develop low-energy photonic devices and systems that can push the energy efficiency to attojoule/bit level. Traditional silicon photonic modulators rely on the plasma dispersion effect by free-carrier injection or depletion, which occupies a large footprint and consumes relatively high energy for optical interconnects. Here we report an ultra-compact hybrid silicon-conductive oxide electro-optic modulator with total device footprint of 0.6 × 8 μm2. The device was built by integrating voltage-switched transparent conductive oxide with one-dimensional silicon photonic crystal nanocavity. The active modulation volume is only 0.06 µm3, which is less than 2% of the lambda-cubic volume. The device operates in the dual mode of cavity resonance and optical absorption by exploiting the refractive index modulation from both the conductive oxide and the silicon waveguide induced by the applied gate voltage. Such a metal-free, hybrid silicon-conductive oxide nanocavity modulator also demonstrates only 0.5 dB extra optical loss, high E-O efficiency of 250pm/V, and low energy consumption of 3fJ/bit. In addition, we will discuss strategy to further improve the energy efficiency below 1fJ/bit and to achieve high-speed modulation above 10Gbps. The combined results achieved through the holistic design opened a new route for the development of next generation electro-optic modulators that can be used for future on-chip optical interconnects.
Lightning Direction-Finding Systems for Forest Fire Detection (1980)

Extensive networks of magnetic direction-finding (DF) stations have been installed throughout the western United States and Alaska to facilitate early detection of lightning-caused fires. Each station contains a new wideband direction-finder that responds primarily to cloud-to-ground lightning and discriminates against cloud discharges and background noise. Good angle accuracy is obtained by measuring the lightning direction at just the time the return-stroke electromagnetic field reaches its initial peak. Lightning locations are calculated from the intersections of direction vectors and/or from the ratio of signal strengths recorded simultaneously at two, three, or four DF sites. The development of these systems has proved to be a significant aid in the detection of lightning-caused fires and in fire weather forecasting.
Nebulizer diagnostics: fundamental parameters, challenges, and techniques on the horizon (1998)

Nebulizer diagnostic techniques provide fundamental information for the quantitative assessment and prediction of the quality of the aerosol used for plasma spectrometry. Recent advances in aerosol diagnostic techniques are reported, with an emphasis on micronebulizers used in inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. The qualities of an ideal nebulizer in generating an analytically ideal aerosol for plasma spectrometries are described. Optical imaging and non-imaging methods used to obtain droplet size and velocity, number density, volume flux and span information are examined. In addition to established techniques, the capabilities of two novel aerosol diagnostic instruments, the optical patternator and rainbow refractometer, are presented. The optical patternator allows for the rapid elucidation of two-dimensional spray structure, planar mass distribution and spatial droplet size distributions. Rainbow refractometry/thermometry permits the determination of droplet temperature, droplet temperature–size correlations, and droplet temperature–velocity correlations. The capabilities and limitations of each technique are summarized. Prospects for future aerosol diagnostic techniques are discussed.
Investigation Of The Solar Hybrid Photo-Thermochemical Sulfur-Ammonia Water Splitting Cycle For Hydrogen Production (2015)

Hydrogen is currently being used in many industries, from chemical and refining to metallurgical, glass and electronics, while being at the same time a promising energy carrier. Therefore the need for hydrogen is experiencing a very rapid growth. At the same time, the traditional hydrogen production methods (e.g., steam methane reforming, water electrolysis) are energy and resources intensive. Thus, research focus is on sustainable technologies that can produce hydrogen in an economic and environmental friendly way. Hydrogen production via a solar driven hybrid sulfur-ammonia water splitting cycle (HySA) developed at Florida Solar Energy Center is such a promising technology. For this reason, it is important to design and study, beyond the conceptual level, an efficient and realizable production process. Based on extensive preliminary works a state-of-the-art process has been proposed that integrates a solar-photocatalytic hydrogen production step (driven by the photonic portion of solar irradiance) with a high-temperature solar thermochemical oxygen evolution step (driven from the thermal portion) and efficient thermal energy storage as part of the cycle operation. Present work investigates the theoretical and engineering aspects of the proposed HySA process. It also provides an updated assessment and discussion of the related cycles and developments, of the photocatalysts, and analyzes the thermodynamics and implications of the reactions involved.
Precise visual navigation using multi-stereo vision and landmark matching (2007)

Traditional vision-based navigation system often drifts over time during navigation. In this paper, we propose a set of techniques which greatly reduce the long term drift and also improve its robustness to many failure conditions. In our approach, two pairs of stereo cameras are integrated to form a forward/backward multi-stereo camera system. As a result, the Field-Of-View of the system is extended significantly to capture more natural landmarks from the scene. This helps to increase the pose estimation accuracy as well as reduce the failure situations. Secondly, a global landmark matching technique is used to recognize the previously visited locations during navigation. Using the matched landmarks, a pose correction technique is used to eliminate the accumulated navigation drift. Finally, in order to further improve the robustness of the system, measurements from low-cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors are integrated with the visual odometry in an extended Kalman Filtering framework. Our system is significantly more accurate and robust than previously published techniques (1∼5% localization error) over long-distance navigation both indoors and outdoors. Real world experiments on a human worn system show that the location can be estimated within 1 meter over 500 meters (around 0.1% localization error averagely) without the use of GPS information.
Fabrication of Novel Si Double-Barrier Structures and Their Characteristics (1995)

A novel Si (silicon)-based double-barrier structure (DBS) is newly proposed to study Si resonant tunneling devices. To form a thin Si single-crystal plate as a quantum well, anisotropic wet chemical etching and thermal oxidation are adopted. The DBS has a 43 nm-wide Si quantum well and 2.3 nm-thick SiO 2 barriers. The electrical characteristic exhibits negative differential conductance (NDC).
Genetic Variation of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis </i>Genes Encoding Gingipains, Cysteine Proteinases with Arginine or Lysine Specificity (1998)

Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinating cysteine proteinases (gingipains) are considered as important virulence factors in the development of adult periodontitis. Using Southern blot analysis it was determined that genes of three distinct but related gingipains (gingipain-R1, gingipain-R2 and gingipain-K) were present in all tested strains including HG66, ATCC 33277, W50, E-20-1, EM-3, 381, A7436, and IKG5, with a region encoding a part of the hemagglutinin domain of gingipain-R1 and gingipain-K showing considerable variability. In contrast, the loci encoding gingipain-R1 (rgp1) and gingipain-R2 (rgp2) were strongly conserved excluding the concurrent occurrence of other gingipain-R-like genes such as cpgR and agp. Significantly, no evidence could be found to support the expression of a gene coding for the putative proteinase porphypain, an enzyme suggested to have both gingipain-R and gingipain-K activity.
Generating a Corpus of Mobile Forensic Images for Masquerading user Experimentation (2016)

The Periodic Mobile Forensics (PMF) system investigates user behavior on mobile devices. It applies forensic techniques to an enterprise mobile infrastructure, utilizing an on-device agent named TractorBeam. The agent collects changed storage locations for later acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis. TractorBeam provides its data to an enterprise infrastructure that consists of a cloud-based queuing service, relational database, and analytical framework for running forensic processes. During a 3-month experiment with Purdue University, TractorBeam was utilized in a simulated operational setting across 34 users to evaluate techniques to identify masquerading users (i.e., users other than the intended device user). The research team surmises that all masqueraders are undesirable to an enterprise, even when a masquerader lacks malicious intent. The PMF system reconstructed 821 forensic images, extracted one million audit events, and accurately detected masqueraders. Evaluation revealed that developed methods reduced storage requirements 50-fold. This paper describes the PMF architecture, performance of TractorBeam throughout the protocol, and results of the masquerading user analysis.
Use of an optical amplifier in a coherent receiver (1991)

The application of an optical amplifier in a coherent receiver is examined theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that in a preamplifier application an optical amplifier with a low noise figure is effective for improving the performance of a receiver which operates in thermal-noise dominant condition. It is also made clear that in an enhanced local oscillator system (ELOS), in which a local oscillator light is amplified by an optical amplifier with high output power, the improvement of a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of a balanced receiver leads the system performance to nearly shot-noise-limited operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of Mechanically-Latched Micromirror Arrays (2002)

This paper describes the design of silicon surface micromachined mirrors that were conceived for operation as part of an extremely large array of mirrors. Such an array has direct application to space-based imaging. For example, in certain spectrometer instrument applications an array of micromirrors is needed to optically switch selected portions of an incoming signal. The mirror array is used to direct selected portions of the signal into the instrument for spectrographic analysis. One technique used to address mirror elements within a large array requires that individual mirror elements can be mechanically latched. This paper will describe the design of a silicon surface micromachined micromirror device with a latching mechanism positioned entirely beneath and within the perimeter of the mirror element.
Isolation of a human-like antibody fragment (scFv) that neutralizes ricin biological activity (2009)

Results of the characterization studies, and the high degree of identity with human germline genes, altogether make this anti-ricin scFv, or an IgG derived from it, a likely candidate for use in humans to minimize effects caused by ricin intoxication.
Sustainable Vibration Energy Harvesting Based on Zr-Doped PMN-PT Piezoelectric Single Crystal Cantilevers (2009)

In this paper, we present the results of a preliminary study on the piezoelectric energy harvesting performance of a Zr-doped PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PZT) single crystal beam. A novel piezoelectric beam cantilever structure is used to demonstrate the feasibility of generating AC voltage during a state of vibration. The energy-harvesting capability of a PMN-PZT beam is calculated and tested. The frequency response of the cantilever device shows that the first mode resonance frequency of the excitation model exists in the neighborhood of several hundreds of hertz, which is similar to the calculated value. These tests show that several significantly open AC voltages and sub-mW power are achieved. To test the possibility of a small scale power source for a ubiquitous sensor network service, energy conversion and the testing of storage experiment are also carried out.
An SOC platform for ADC test and measurement (2009)

An Analog to Digital Converter Built-in-Self-Test design for System-on-Chip applications is presented. Linear and dynamic ADC test occur in parallel to reduce overall test time. A ramp generator is used for linear histogram measurements and a sine-wave signal is applied for dynamic tests. The design precisely measures Hits-per-Code enabling accurate linearity test and a low-area optimal CPU operates dynamic measurements. Results demonstrate efficient silicon area overheads and lower test time capability.
A Proposed Multiple-Beam Microwave Antenna for Earth Stations and Satellites (1974)

An offset Cassegrainian antenna with essentially zero aperture blockage is expected to support closely spaced well-isolated beams suitable for earth stations and satellites. Each beam is fed with a separate small-flare-angle corrugated horn and has good area efficiency over a 1.75:1 bandwidth. Each beam also has good cross-polarization properties. The antenna is compact, and the design appears practical for a 4- and 6-GHz earth station, a 20- and 30-GHz earth station, and a 20- and 30-GHz satellite.
Abstract 2798: Targeting IL13R alpha2 heterogeneity in malignant glioma with engineered T cells (2014)

Abstract A majority of malignant glioma exclusively expresses Interleukin 13 receptor alpha chain variant 2 (IL13Rα2), making it an ideal candidate for targeted immunotherapy. A number of immunotherapeutic molecules have been developed against IL13Rα2 with varied levels of therapeutic efficacy. However, the importance of IL13Rα2 as a successful immunotherapy candidate is under scrutiny due to its heterogeneous expression on the tumor. We have used an IL13-chimeric antigen receptor (IL13CAR) expressing T cells to target the IL13Rα2 heterogeneity on malignant glioma. IL13Rα2 was over-expressed on U251MG human glioma cell line by stable transfection (IL13Rα2Hi) to evaluate the effects of its increased expression in tumor progression and immunotherapeutic efficacy, compared to the regular U251 cells (IL13Rα2Lo) and IL13Rα2-knocked down U251 cells (IL13Rα2KD). Tumor cells readily formed neurospheres under established culture conditions. Increased expression of IL13Rα2 was observed in IL13Rα2Hi-neurosphere derived tumor cells when compared to those derived from IL13Rα2Lo neurospheres, as well as the parental IL13Rα2Hi cells. IL13Rα2Hi-neurosphere derived tumor cells were also resistant to radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy when compared to those IL13Rα2Lo neurospheres-derived tumor cells, as well as parental cell lines. Higher levels of IFN gamma and TNF alpha in the culture supernatants, increased T cell proliferation, and CAR+ TCR enrichment were observed when IL13CAR T cells were co-cultured with IL13Rα2Hi-neurosphere derived tumor cells, in comparison to co-culture with IL13Rα2Lo -neurosphere derived tumor cells, as well as the parental cells. IL13CAR T cells, upon co-culture with IL13Rα2Hi-neurosphere derived tumor cells exerted highest levels of cytotoxicity. Together, these results predict that IL13Rα2 heterogeneity can be addressed by a combination of established therapeutic regimen and targeted immunotherapy. While those cells expressing lower levels of IL13Rα2 are susceptible to radiation and chemotherapy, the high IL13Rα2-expressing tumor cells that escape these treatments can be candidates for IL13Rα2-targeted immunotherapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sadhak Sengupta, Irina Balyasnikova, Seema Naheed, Maciej S. Lesniak, Richard P. Junghans, Prakash Sampath. Targeting IL13R alpha2 heterogeneity in malignant glioma with engineered T cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2798. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2798
Dispersion-compensating single-mode fibers: efficient designs for first- and second-order compensation (1993)

Single-mode dispersion compensating fiber designs with absolute dispersion values of greater than 100 ps/(nm km) are described. A multiclad fiber with a triangular refractive-index profile in the core gives a dispersion of −250 ps/(nm km), resulting in a 15:1 compensation scheme. All fiber designs use only the fundamental LP01 mode for dispersion compensation and can account for first- and second-order dispersion effects.
Unifying type checking and property checking for low-level code (2009)

We present a unified approach to type checking and property checking for low-level code. Type checking for low-level code is challenging because type safety often depends on complex, program-specific invariants that are difficult for traditional type checkers to express. Conversely, property checking for low-level code is challenging because it is difficult to write concise specifications that distinguish between locations in an untyped program's heap. We address both problems simultaneously by implementing a type checker for low-level code as part of our property checker.
Modeling and Estimation for Real-Time Microarrays (2008)

Microarrays are used for collecting information about a large number of different genomic particles simultaneously. Conventional fluorescent-based microarrays acquire data after the hybridization phase. During this phase, the target analytes (e.g., DNA fragments) bind to the capturing probes on the array and, by the end of it, supposedly reach a steady state. Therefore, conventional microarrays attempt to detect and quantify the targets with a single data point taken in the steady state. On the other hand, a novel technique, the so-called real-time microarray, capable of recording the kinetics of hybridization in fluorescent-based microarrays has recently been proposed. The richness of the information obtained therein promises higher signal-to-noise ratio, smaller estimation error, and broader assay detection dynamic range compared to conventional microarrays. In this paper, we study the signal processing aspects of the real-time microarray system design. In particular, we develop a probabilistic model for real-time microarrays and describe a procedure for the estimation of target amounts therein. Moreover, leveraging on system identification ideas, we propose a novel technique for the elimination of cross hybridization. These are important steps toward developing optimal detection algorithms for real-time microarrays, and to understanding their fundamental limitations.
Power Allocation without CSI Feedback for Decision-Feedback MIMO Signal Detection (2007)

Transmit and receive antenna arrays can be used to form multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems for improving the reliability and capacity of data transmission. Layered space-time coding with decision-feedback detection is a promising technique for future wireless communications. In this paper, we investigate power allocation at the transmitter to improve the performance of the decision-feedback detection. The proposed power allocation method may only depend on or is even independent of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the MIMO systems. When the SNR at the transmitter is not available, the power of each data stream is allocated according to the required bit-error-rate (BER) of the system. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method can improve the performance of a 2-input and 2-output system by 4 dB at 1% BER and that of a 4-input and 4-output system by 3.5 dB.
A Proposal for Hybrid Wheat Utilizing <i>Aegilops squarrosa</i> L. Cytoplasm<sup>1</sup> (1976)

The nucleocytoplasmlc interactions of Aegiiops squatrosa L. (2n=14,DD) cytoplasm and Triticum durum Desf. (2n=28;AABB) or T. aestivum L. em Thell. (2n=42,AABBDD) nuclei indicate that a new cytoplasmic male sterility‐male fertility restoration system can be developed for hybrid wheat production. The proposed system should be more efficient than those cytoplasmic male‐sterility systems that require breeding of R‐lines to produce fertile hybrids, because conventional wheat cultivars can be used as R‐lines in the new system. The D genome of common wheat contains genetic factor(s) for restoration of fertility of T. aestivum with A. squarrosa cytoplasm, and induced mutations may inactivate these critical gene(s). Therefore, seed of alloplasmic T. aestirum with A. squarrosa cytoplasm was treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Nine male‐sterile mutants were selected and crossed with common wheats. Most mutants had monogenic or digenic inheritance for male sterility and produced normal F 1 and F 2 hybrids. The male‐sterile mutants can be used to develop male‐sterile A‐lines and maintainer B‐lines for the production of hybrid wheat if the sterility genes are specific for A. squarrosa cytoplasm.
Multi-Band Bandpass Filters with Multiple Levels of Transfer-Function Reconfigurability (2019)

This paper reports on the RF design of multi-band bandpass filters (BPFs) along with a simple tuning method to obtain multiple levels of transfer-function reconfigurability. The proposed multi-band BPF concept is based on multi-resonant cells that are incorporated within the two transversal paths of a doublet. It is shown that by solely reconfiguring the resonant frequencies of its constituent resonators, multiple quasi-elliptic-type passbands can be created and controlled in terms of: i) center frequency, ii) bandwidth, and iii) number through their intrinsic RF switching and/or merging. In addition, the proposed filter concept allows for the realization of i) an all-reject state and ii) a single-band BPF state with >5.1:1 BW tuning. The theoretical design principles of the multi-band BPF approach are presented by means of coupling routing diagrams and synthesized examples. For proof-of-concept demonstration purposes, a tri-band BPF microstrip prototype was designed, manufactured, and measured.