gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Artificial Organs</i>2013: A Year in Review (2014)

In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2013 are organized by category and briefly summarized. We aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, the International Society for Pediatric Mechanical Cardiopulmonary Support, and the Vienna International Workshop on Functional Electrical Stimulation, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level". Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide so meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley Periodicals, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.
Preclinical imaging of kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2) in prostate cancer with a 111In-radiolabelled monoclonal antibody, 11B6 (2014)

Our study demonstrates the potential of (111)In-DTPA-11B6 for the detection of metastatic prostate cancer and monitoring anti-androgen therapy, as it exhibits an increased uptake and accumulation in viable tumour when compared to normal tissue. A humanised version of the 11B6 monoclonal antibody is currently under evaluation.
Using simulation to optimize a horizontal carousel storage system (1998)

Carousel storage systems are often used to increase storage density, throughput and efficiency while reducing inventory and man hours. The Hewlett-Packard company has developed a computer simulation model in an effort to fully optimize its horizontal carousel storage system. HP assembles and packages a wide range of inkjet printers at its Vancouver, Washington (VCD) manufacturing facility. The simulation project was initiated to provide an accurate prediction of system performance based on a given set of input parameters. Case study scenarios can test parameters such as different storage algorithms, selection criteria, carousel speeds, rotation direction, production rates, and more. Changes to the control logic can be analyzed without implementing them in the real control system. The effects of new product types and production plans can also be analyzed prior to production change-overs. The simulation model provides an accurate statistical report from which each scenario can be evaluated. The paper presents a flexible, carousel simulation model built using a general purpose simulation language. This data driven model serves as a template which can easily test configurations and options used in the real system. The advantages of this carousel simulation model as an analysis tool and the benefits that have come to HP as a result of simulation analysis are presented.
Uplink Power Control Framework Based on Reinforcement Learning for 5G Networks (2021)

In this work, we propose an uplink power control (PC) framework compliant with the technical specifications of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. We apply the fundamentals of reinforcement learning (RL) to develop a power control algorithm able to learn a strategy that enhances the total data rate on the uplink channel and mitigates the neighbor cell interference. The base station (BS) uses a set of commands to specify by how much the user equipment (UE) transmit power should change. After implementing such commands, each UE reports a set of information to its serving BS, and this, in turn, predicts the next commands to achieve a suitable UE transmit power level. The BS converts the UE reports into rewards according to a predefined cost function, which impacts the longterm behavior of the UE transmit power. The simulation results indicate a near-optimum performance of the proposed framework in terms of total transmit power, total data rate, and network energy efficiency. It provides a self-exploratory power control strategy that overcomes soft dropping power control (SDPC) with similar signaling levels.
[Prevention of allergy]. (1996)

The increase in prevalence and morbidity of allergic disease requires more employment of prevention strategies. The time of manifestation, severity and clinical course of atopic disease are primarily determined by genetic factors. TH1 and TH2 cell behaviour may in the future be used as predictors of atopy. A great number of environmental influences, like exposure to allergens and adjuvant trigger factors are modulating the clinical course. Sensible strategies of prevention in high-risk-families, as breastfeeding, hydrolysed hypoallergenic formula and maternal food avoidance during pregnancy or lactation are discussed.
A positioning method for hard disk servowriter using an auto focus laser encoder (1999)

A new servowriter positioning device for hard disk drives is presented. Existing servowriters usually use laser interferometry for position sensing. Therefore a servowriter is expensive, complicated and large in size. To avoid these problems we propose to use a laser incremental encoder with autofocus operation instead. In the device, an optical read head focuses three beams upon a grating scale. The middle beam is used to keep the read head in focus and two side ones to readout. The grating scale has two sets of the reflective grating displaced relative to each other by one eighth of the pitch width to give 90/spl deg/ out-of-phase signals. The optical read head can be the modification of CD or DVD pickup using the 3-beam principle, and can be naturally designed into the system. Therefore, the cost and size of the servowriter are significantly reduced. At the same time, accuracy can be maintained using an error-correcting grating scale. The positioning device can also be used as a track sensor to directly provide the track position signal of read/write (R/W) heads of HDA instead of a conventional servo pattern.
Structures of Sialylated O-Linked Oligosaccharides of Bovine Peripheral Nerve α-Dystroglycan (1997)

alpha-Dystroglycan is a heavily glycosylated protein, which is localized on the Schwann cell membrane as well as the sarcolemma, and links the transmembrane protein beta-dystroglycan to laminin in the extracellular matrix. We have shown previously that sialidase treatment, but not N-glycanase treatment, of bovine peripheral nerve alpha-dystroglycan greatly reduces its binding activity to laminin, suggesting that the sialic acid of O-glycosidically-linked oligosaccharides may be essential for this binding. In this report, we analyzed the structures of the sialylated O-linked oligosaccharides of bovine peripheral nerve alpha-dystroglycan by two methods. O-Glycosidically-linked oligosaccharides were liberated by alkaline-borotritide treatment or by mild hydrazinolysis followed by 2-aminobenzamide-derivatization. Acidic fractions obtained by anion exchange column chromatography that eluted at a position corresponding to monosialylated oligosaccharides were converted to neutral oligosaccharides by exhaustive sialidase digestion. The sialidases from Arthrobacter ureafaciens and from Newcastle disease virus resulted in the same degree of hydrolysis. The neutral oligosaccharide fraction, thus obtained, gave a major peak with a mobility of 3.8-3.9 glucose units upon gel filtration, and its reducing terminus was identified as a mannose derivative. Based on the results of sequential exoglycosidase digestion, lectin column chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we concluded that the major sialylated O-glycosidically-linked oligosaccharide of the alpha-dystroglycan was a novel O-mannosyl-type oligosaccharide, the structure of which was Siaalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-2Man-Ser/Thr (where Sia is sialic acid). This oligosaccharide constituted at least 66% of the sialylated O-linked sugar chains. Furthermore, a laminin binding inhibition study suggested that the sialyl N-acetyllactosamine moiety of this sugar chain was involved in the interaction of the alpha-dystroglycan with laminin.
Analysis of an LTE waveform for radar applications (2014)

Previous research has shown communication waveforms have potential for passive and active radar applications. The potential of a signal is typically characterized using the ambiguity function. This paper seeks to summarize the frequency division duplex (FDD) long term evolution (LTE) downlink (DL) signal structure and illustrate its effect on the signal's self and cross ambiguity functions. In addition, performance limitations resulting from the FDD LTE DL signal structure are predicted. The variability of system performance limitations is considered for variable FDD LTE DL signal parameters. Lastly, simulated range profiles are produced using a simulated FDD LTE DL signal illustrating the derived results.
Solubility-Weighted Index: fast and accurate prediction of protein solubility (2020)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Meeting military requirements for increased data rates at HF (2002)

Military operational requirements for data bandwidths are increasingly demanding rates which exceed the capacity of traditional HF circuits. New waveform standards, Mil-Std 188-110B and STANAG 4539, alleviate the problem to some degree by increasing user data rates from 2400 bps to 9600 bps. However, these rates still fall far short of the rates obtained with other media, with the result that HF is open not considered for use as a primary communications bearer. Often HF is not even considered in a secondary capacity and is used only as a communications medium of last resort. Increasing HF data rates to 64 kbps or beyond using multiple channels in the manner proposed in this paper, would dramatically widen the applications for which HF could be considered as a primary mode of communications.
Eu não sou um professor, sou um educador (2017)

O livro em pauta é uma publicação conjunta Brasil e Finlândia resultante de ações da Política de Inovação da Secretaria de Educação Profissional do Ministério da Educação da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica e dos Polos de Inovação dos Institutos Federais Brasileiros.
Development of a Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis Method for Atmospheric Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde (2005)

A novel method determining compound-specific carbon isotopic compositions for atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in ppb or sub-ppb levels by gas chromatography/ combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/ IRMS) is presented. Atmospheric carbonyls are collected using the conventional 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization method, and their delta13C values are calculated based on stoichiometric mass balance after measuring the carbon isotopic compositions of the carbonyl-DNPH derivatives and DNPH, respectively. Using formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and DNPH standards with their delta13C values predetermined, the delta13C fractionation is evaluated for derivatization processes both in solutions and in simulation experiment of atmospheric sampling. In these two derivatization systems, through reduplicate delta13C analysis, good reproducibility of the derivertization process is found with an average error of less than 0.5 per thousand, and the differences between the predicted and the measured delta13C values range from -0.18 to 0.49 per thousand, indicating that the derivatization process introduces no isotopic fractionation for both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Thus, the delta13C values of the original underivatized carbonyls can be accurately calculated through mass balance equation. Using the method developed, preliminary tests of atmospheric formaldehyde and acetaldehyde at two urban sites were conducted and revealed significant differences of their isotopic compositions, implying possible application of the method in helping us understand the primary emission, secondary formation, or removal processes of carbonyls in the atmosphere.
Pan-cancer landscape of homologous recombination deficiency (2020)

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) results in impaired double strand break repair and is a frequent driver of tumorigenesis. Here, we develop a genome-wide mutational scar-based pan-cancer Classifier of HOmologous Recombination Deficiency (CHORD) that can discriminate BRCA1- and BRCA2-subtypes. Analysis of a metastatic (n = 3,504) and primary (n = 1,854) pan-cancer cohort reveals that HRD is most frequent in ovarian and breast cancer, followed by pancreatic and prostate cancer. We identify biallelic inactivation of BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C or PALB2 as the most common genetic cause of HRD, with RAD51C and PALB2 inactivation resulting in BRCA2-type HRD. We find that while the specific genetic cause of HRD is cancer type specific, biallelic inactivation is predominantly associated with loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), with increased contribution of deep deletions in prostate cancer. Our results demonstrate the value of pan-cancer genomics-based HRD testing and its potential diagnostic value for patient stratification towards treatment with e.g. poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi).
Fluorination of Lithium‐Excess Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials (2017)

Abstract Fluorination of Li‐ion cathode materials is of significant interest as it is claimed to lead to significant improvements in long‐term reversible capacity. However, the mechanism by which LiF incorporates and improves performance remains uncertain. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that fluorine is often present as a coating layer rather than incorporated into the bulk of the material. In this work, first‐principles calculations are used to investigate the thermodynamics of fluorination in transition metal oxide cathodes to determine the conditions under which bulk fluorination is possible. It is found that unlike classic well‐ordered cathodes, which cannot incorporate fluorine, disordered rock salt‐structured materials achieve significant fluorination levels due to the presence of locally metal‐poor, lithium‐rich environments that are highly preferred for fluorine. As well as explaining the fluorination process in known materials, this finding is encouraging for the development of new disordered rock salt lithium‐excess transition metal oxides, a promising new class of Li‐ion battery cathode materials that offer superior practical capacity to traditional layered oxides. In particular, it is found that bulk fluorination may serve as an alternative source of Li‐excess in these compounds that can replace the conventional substitution of a heavy redox‐inactive element on the transition metal sublattice.
Microchip for Combining Gas Chromatography or Capillary Liquid Chromatography with Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization-Mass Spectrometry (2007)

We present a microfabricated nebulizer chip for combining atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (APPI-MS) with gas chromatography (GC) or capillary liquid chromatography (capLC). The chip consists of a silicon plate and a glass plate or two glass plates. The chip includes a sample inlet channel, auxiliary gas and dopant inlet, vaporizer channel, nozzle, and platinum heater. The sample eluted from the capLC or GC is mixed with auxiliary gas and dopant (toluene) in the heated vaporizer. The chip forms a confined jet of the sample vapor, which is photoionized as it exits the chip. The analytical performance of GC- and capLC-microchip APPI-MS was evaluated with some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, amphetamines, and steroids. The GC-muAPPI-MS method provides high sensitivity down to 0.8 fmol, repeatability (RSD = 7.5-14%), and linearity (r = 0.9952-0.9987). The capLC-muAPPI-MS method shows high sensitivity down to 1 fmol, good repeatability (RSD = 3.6-8.1%), and linearity (r = 0.9989-0.9992).
Two-Color Fluorescent <scp>l</scp>-Amino Acid Mimic of Tryptophan for Probing Peptide–Nucleic Acid Complexes (2012)

Non-natural amino acids are important tools for site-selective probing of peptide properties and interactions. Here, for the first time a fluorescent l-amino acid, exhibiting excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and hydration-sensitive dual emission, was synthesized. It is an analogue of l-tryptophan bearing a slightly larger 2-(2-furyl)-3-hydroxychromone aromatic moiety instead of indole. This new amino acid was incorporated through solid-phase synthesis into NC(11-55), the zinc finger domain of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein, that exhibits potent nucleic acid chaperone properties. It was substituted for the Trp37 and Ala30 residues, located in the distal finger motif and the linker between the fingers of NC(11-55), respectively. Though the highly conserved Trp37 residue plays a key role in NC(11-55) structure and activity, its substitution for the new fluorescent analogue preserved the folding, the nucleic acid binding and chaperone activity of the peptide, indicating that the new amino acid can conservatively substitute Trp residues. In the presence of oligonucleotides, the Trp37-substituted peptide, but not the Ala30 variant, showed strong changes of the dual emission corresponding to local dehydration. The results are in line with NMR data, suggesting that the fluorescent amino acid interacts similarly to Trp37 with the nucleobases and is thus screened from water. Due to the exceptional sensitivity of its ESIPT fluorophore to hydration in highly polar environment, the new amino acid appears as a promising tool for substituting Trp residues and site-selectively investigating peptide-nucleic acid complexes.
Ion permeation and block of the gating pore in the voltage sensor of NaV1.4 channels with hypokalemic periodic paralysis mutations (2010)

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis and normokalemic periodic paralysis are caused by mutations of the gating charge-carrying arginine residues in skeletal muscle Na(V)1.4 channels, which induce gating pore current through the mutant voltage sensor domains. Inward sodium currents through the gating pore of mutant R666G are only approximately 1% of central pore current, but substitution of guanidine for sodium in the extracellular solution increases their size by 13- +/- 2-fold. Ethylguanidine is permeant through the R666G gating pore at physiological membrane potentials but blocks the gating pore at hyperpolarized potentials. Guanidine is also highly permeant through the proton-selective gating pore formed by the mutant R666H. Gating pore current conducted by the R666G mutant is blocked by divalent cations such as Ba(2+) and Zn(2+) in a voltage-dependent manner. The affinity for voltage-dependent block of gating pore current by Ba(2+) and Zn(2+) is increased at more negative holding potentials. The apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) values for Zn(2+) block for test pulses to -160 mV are 650 +/- 150 microM, 360 +/- 70 microM, and 95.6 +/- 11 microM at holding potentials of 0 mV, -80 mV, and -120 mV, respectively. Gating pore current is blocked by trivalent cations, but in a nearly voltage-independent manner, with an apparent K(d) for Gd(3+) of 238 +/- 14 microM at -80 mV. To test whether these periodic paralyses might be treated by blocking gating pore current, we screened several aromatic and aliphatic guanidine derivatives and found that 1-(2,4-xylyl)guanidinium can block gating pore current in the millimolar concentration range without affecting normal Na(V)1.4 channel function. Together, our results demonstrate unique permeability of guanidine through Na(V)1.4 gating pores, define voltage-dependent and voltage-independent block by divalent and trivalent cations, respectively, and provide initial support for the concept that guanidine-based gating pore blockers could be therapeutically useful.
No evidence that androgen regulation of pulmonary TMPRSS2 explains sex-discordant COVID-19 outcomes (2020)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have posed a public health crisis. Higher morbidity and mortality of men with COVID-19 may be explained by androgen-driven mechanisms. One such proposed mechanism is androgen regulation of pulmonary TMPRSS2, the host co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2. We find no evidence for increased <i>TMPRSS2</i> mRNA expression in the lungs of males compared to females in humans or mice. Furthermore, in male mice, treatment with the androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide does not decrease pulmonary TMPRSS2 expression. Nevertheless, regardless of sex, smoking significantly increases the expression of <i>TMPRSS2</i>, which reverts back to never-smoker levels in former smokers. Finally, we show that in mouse models, despite equivalent AR transcript levels, males express markedly higher amounts of AR protein. If a similar sex-specific regulation of AR protein occurs in human lung, androgens could play important roles in clinical outcome of COVID-19 through mechanisms other than TMPRSS2 regulation.</p>
Wafer-Level Copper Bonding Technology in 3D ICs (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Etched glass bubbles as robust micro-containers for self-healing materials (2013)

Etched glass bubbles (GBs) with through-holes at the micron level were fabricated by etching them using dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF) in a specially designed mixer. The semi-segmented mixer under mechanical agitation produces circulation of the GBs in solution, purposely completing the processes of the etching reaction on the GBs, filling the etched GBs with solution, and depositing the well etched GBs in the mixer bottom for collection. Highly reactive primary amine and diisocyanate monomer were separately infiltrated into the etched GBs and formulated as self-healing materials with satisfactory healing performance, indicating the robustness and versatility of the etched GBs.
[Deacetylation of chitin under homogeneity]. (2003)

Chitin isolated enzymatically from Antarctic krill shells was dissolved in aqueous NaOH by freezing and thawing to create homogenous conditions. Deacetylation was performed at room temperature or heating. The degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and dynamic viscosity of solutions were estimated in chitosan samples. Deacetylation of chitin under homogenous conditions was optimized. Chitosans with molecular weights of 180-220 and 250-300 kDa were obtained from the chitins of Antarctic krill and Northern shrimps, respectively.
Electronic voting: algorithmic and implementation issues (2003)

Electronic transactions over the Internet, particularly using the World Wide Web have become an integral part of economic life. Recently also the public sector has started to use the new medium for its administrative processes. This paper analyses several approaches to implement an electronic voting system and discusses them with a view to voter anonymity and protection from manipulations. The paper then develops an algorithm designed to guarantee anonymity of the voter and to avoid the risk of manipulation of votes. The algorithm is based upon the strict separation of voter registration and submission of votes, which implies that certain information has to be stored on a secure media. The paper discusses the security criteria and possible implementation options for such secure storage.