gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Rituximab Sensitivity in CD20 Negative B-Cell Lymphoma Cells; Epigenetic Change of CD20 Expression after Treatment of Rituximab. (2006)

Abstract CD20 surface antigen is widely expressed on normal B-lineage cells and B-lymphoid malignant cells. Rituximab, which is a chimeric monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing CD20 surface antigen, works as a molecular targeting drug against CD20 positive lymphoid malignancies. Although combination chemotherapy with Rituximab has significantly improved the survival of CD20 positive lymphoma patients, CD20 negative tumor regression and transformation becomes a considerable problem. Recently, we have identified a patient with CD20(−) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformed from CD20(+) follicular lymphoma after chemotherapies including Rituximab. Here we established RRBL1 (Rituximab resistant B-cell lymphoma 1) cells from this patient’s CD20(−) B-cell lymphoma cells, and analyzed the mechanisms of negative CD20 surface antigen expression. CD20 was not expressed as determined by immunoblotting and FACS analysis, and resistance to Rituximab was observed after cell culture analysis with/without Rituximab. Expression of wild type CD20 mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR, and no genetic mutation in coding sequence or promoter region was observed. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that CD20 mRNA expression level was almost 100 times lower than that of CD20 positive B-cell lymphoma cells obtained from DLBCL patients. These data suggest that lower expression level of CD20 mRNA is closely related to the negative CD20 surface antigen expression, and the aberrant transcription regulation by epigenetic mechanisms can be anticipated. With these data, we thought that CD20 expression could be restored by modulating the transcription regulation. As we expected, CD20 protein re-expression was confirmed by enhancing CD20 mRNA expression after the treatment with specific molecular targeting drugs, and the sensitivity for the Rituximab was significantly restored. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay suggested that recruitment of co-repressor complexes to CD20 promoter might be related to the regulation of CD20 expression. Our data may provide us with a new therapeutic strategy, epigenetic therapy or differentiation therapy, combined with molecular targeting therapy using Rituximab, for Rituximab resistant CD20(−) B-cell malignancies.
Aptamer Sensors for Drugs of Abuse and Medical Biomarkers: Design, Engineering and Application in Complex Samples (2018)

Aptamers are short oligonucleotide sequences (DNA or RNA) capable of high affinity and specific binding to a molecule or a family of molecules. Aptamers are lower in cost and exhibit higher reproducibility when compared to antibodies and thus are well-suited for recognition and detection of small molecular targets such as drugs of abuse and small medical biomarkers. While aptamers have been extensively utilized for development of small molecule sensors, several limitations prevent measurements of complex or real-world samples. This dissertation describes methods, technologies, and assays that were developed with the goal of producing and/or improving aptamer-based sensors for target detection in complex samples. Aptamer engineering is detailed as an important facet of maximizing aptamer-sensor sensitivity and specificity, along with adaptation to various read-out mechanisms for improved selectivity. In chapter 3, an aptamer vii sensor for cocaine is developed based on binding between the fluorophore ATMND to the cocaine aptamer which results in quenching (i.e., ‘turn-off’) of the fluorescence of ATMND. Cocaine binding results in displacement of the ATMND and recovery of the fluorescence signal. Detection of cocaine is demonstrated with an engineered cocaine aptamer with higher affinity for cocaine, permitting over a 50-fold increase in sensitivity over other aptamer-based sensors. The method can be used in dilute biological fluids (e.g., saliva) with a single step reaction (seconds) and robust signal output. In chapter 4, a new adenosine specific aptamer is identified through rational engineering of a previously reported ATP-binding aptamer. The new adenosine aptamer is utilized to develop an electrochemical sensor for detection of adenosine in undiluted serum. The method displays 40-fold higher sensitivity in undiluted serum measurements over previously reported aptamer-based sensors for adenosine but also demonstrates specificity for adenosine over ATP, ADP and AMP that has not been previously reported. In chapter 5, a nuclease-guided truncation method is developed to yield optimal structure-switching aptamer sequences for the emergent illicit drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and medical biomarkers ATP and deoxycorticosterone 21-glucoside (DOG). The method intelligently removes unessential nucleotides, producing truncated aptamer sequences with structure-switching functionality. This technique will be immediately useful for simple and low-cost development of aptamer-based electrochemical sensors.
Bandwidth Scheduling and Path Computation Algorithms for Connection-Oriented Networks (2007)

There has been an increasing number of network deployments that provide dedicated connections through on-demand and in-advance scheduling in support of high- performance applications. We describe algorithms for scheduling and path computations needed for dedicated bandwidth connections for fixed-slot, highest available bandwidth in a given slot, first available slot, and all-available slots computations. These algorithms for bandwidth scheduling are based on extending the classical breadth-first search, Dijkstra, and Bellman-Ford algorithms. We describe a bandwidth management system for UltraScience Net that incorporates implementations of these algorithms.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Amido‐Amine Cationic Gemini Surfactants Containing Flexible and Rigid Spacers (2017)

Abstract New amido‐amine‐based cationic gemini surfactants with flexible and rigid spacers and different hydrophobic tails were synthesized and characterized. These gemini surfactants were prepared by a modified procedure through amidation of long chain carboxylic acids using 3‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐propylamine followed by treatment with halohydrocarbons. The effect of the trans and cis conformation of the spacer double bond was investigated by means of critical micelle concentration, surface tension reduction, and thermal stability. The short‐term thermal stability of the gemini surfactants was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the long‐term thermal stability was examined by a unique approach based on structure characterization techniques including NMR ( 1 H and 13 C) and FTIR analysis. TGA results demonstrated excellent short‐term thermal stability since no structure degradation was observed up to 200 °C. Structural characterization revealed impressive long‐term thermal stability of the gemini surfactants with no structure decomposition after exposing them to 90 °C for 10 days. The critical micelle concentration of gemini surfactants was found to be in the range of 0.77 × 10 −4 –3.61 × 10 −4 mol L −1 and corresponding surface tension (γ CMC ) ranged from 30.34 to 38.12 mN m −1 . The surfactant with the trans conformation of spacer double bond showed better surface properties compared to the surfactant with the cis conformation of spacer double bond. Similarly, increasing surfactant tail length and spacer length resulted in decreasing CMC values. Moreover, bromide counterion showed improved surface properties compared to chloride counterion.
Efficacy of a single-lead unipolar transvenous defibrillator compared with a system employing an additional coronary sinus electrode. A prospective, randomized study. (1994)

A unipolar transvenous biphasic defibrillation system is an effective means of treating ventricular fibrillation. The added complexity of additional leads is not offset by any significant improvement in defibrillation efficacy or energy requirements. Given the simplicity and effectiveness of a single-lead system coupled with a small generator, placement of defibrillation systems may now approach the ease of pacemaker implantation.
Comparison of Ethanol Production by Different <i>Zymomonas</i> Strains (1981)

A comparison of the rates of growth and ethanol production by 11 different strains of Zymomonas revealed a wide range of characteristics, with some strains being more tolerant of high sugar or ethanol concentrations and high incubation temperatures than others. Some strains were unable to utilize sucrose; others produced large amounts of levan, and one strain grew well but produced no levan. One strain, CP4, was considerably better in all respects than most of the other strains and was chosen as a starting strain for genetic improvement of ethanol production.
Design of a Tri‐<scp>PET</scp>collimator for high‐resolution whole‐body mouse imaging (2017)

With a properly designed multipinhole collimator, high-resolution and acceptable sensitivity are achievable with Tri-PET using ordinary clinical PET detectors.
Beveloid gears in planetary gear trains for increased power density and reduced backlash (2017)

By using beveloid gears in planetary gear trains it is possible to achieve very equal load sharing between the planet gears also for gear trains with more than 3 planet gears, thus making it possib ...
Fingertip Surface Optimization for Robust Grasping on Contact Primitives (2018)

We address the problem of fingertip design by leveraging on the fact that most grasp contacts share a few classes of local geometries. In order to maximize the contact areas for achieving more robust grasps, we first define the concept of Contact Primitive, which represents a set of contacts of similar local geometries. Thereafter, we propose a uniform cost algorithm, which is formulated as a decision making process in a tree structure, to cluster a set of example grasp contacts into a finite set of Contact Primitives. We design fingertips by optimization to match the local geometry of each contact primitive, and then three-dimensionally print them using soft materials to compensate for optimization residuals. For novel objects, we provide an efficient algorithm to generate grasp contacts that match the fingertip geometries while together forming stable grasps. Comparing to a baseline of flat fingertip design, the experiment results show that our design significantly improves grasp stability, and it is more robust against various uncertainties.
Prevention of Undesirable Isomerization During Olefin Metathesis. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An estimation-theoretic approach to spatially scalable video coding (2012)

This paper focuses on prediction optimality in spatially scalable video coding. It is inspired by the earlier estimation-theoretic prediction framework developed by our group for quality (SNR) scalability, which achieved optimality by fully accounting for relevant information from the current base layer (e.g., quantization intervals) and the enhancement layer, to efficiently calculate the conditional expectation that forms the optimal predictor. It was central to that approach that all layers reconstruct approximations to the same original transform coefficient. In spatial scalability, however, the layers encode different resolution versions of the signal. To approach optimality in enhancement layer prediction, the current work departs from existing spatially scalable codecs that employ pixel-domain resampling to perform inter-layer prediction. Instead, it incorporates a transform-domain resampling technique that ensures that the base layer quantization intervals are accessible and usable at the enhancement layer, which in conjunction with prior enhancement layer information, enable optimal prediction. Simulations provide experimental evidence that the proposed approach achieves substantial enhancement layer coding gains over the standard.
A Novel Method to Achieve Selective Emitter Using Surface Morphology for PERC Silicon Solar Cells (2020)

Recently, selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In this study, we presented a novel technique for the SE formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. SEs were formed simultaneously, that is, in a single step for the doping process on different surface morphologies, nano/micro-surfaces, which were formed during the texturing processes; in the same doping process, the nano- and micro-structured areas showed different sheet resistances. In addition, the difference in sheet resistance between the heavily doped and shallow emitters could be controlled from almost 0 to 60 Ω/sq by changing the doping process conditions, pre-deposition and driving time, and temperature. Regarding cell fabrication, wafers simultaneously doped in the same tube were used. The sheet resistance of the homogeneously doped-on standard micro-pyramid surface was approximately 82 Ω/sq, and those of the selectively formed nano/micro-surfaces doped on were on 62 and 82 Ω/sq, respectively. As a result, regarding doped-on selectively formed nano/micro-surfaces, SE cells showed a JSC increase (0.44 mA/cm2) and a fill factor (FF) increase (0.6%) with respect to the homogeneously doped cells on the micro-pyramid surface, resulting in about 0.27% enhanced conversion efficiency.
A novel and efficient synthesis of trivalent 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derivatives (2007)

9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) reacts under acidic conditions with orthoformates and alkyl alcohols to form 10-alkoxy-10H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrenes (1) in high yields. 10-Dialkoxymethyl-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxides (2) were identified as side products and synthesized as main products by the modification of the reaction conditions.
Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant<i>ob/ob</i>mice (2008)

Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans. RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4. To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD). Gel filtration chromatography of plasma showed that 88-94% of RBP4 is contained within the RBP4-TTR complex in ob/ob and lean mice. Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls. However, plasma TTR levels were elevated approximately fourfold in ob/ob mice vs. controls. RBP4 injected intravenously in lean mice cleared rapidly, whereas the t(1/2) for disappearance was approximately twofold longer in ob/ob plasma. Urinary fractional excretion of RBP4 was reduced in ob/ob mice, consistent with increased retention. In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls. Hepatic TTR mRNA levels were elevated approximately twofold in ob/ob but not in HFD mice. Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation. Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Regional myocardial contractile function: multiparametric strain mapping☆ (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with tissue tagging enables the quantification of multiple strain indices that can be combined through normalization into a single multiparametric index of regional myocardial contractile function. The aim of this study was to test the ability of multiparametric strain analysis to quantify regional differences in contractile function in an ovine model of myocardial injury. Regional variance in myocardial contractile function was induced in eight sheep by the ligation of the blood supply to the anterior and apical left ventricular (LV) myocardial walls. LV systolic strain was obtained from tissue tagged MRI images. A normal strain database (n=50) defines all parameters of systolic strain and allows normalization of regional function at 15,300 LV points by calculation of a z-score. Multiparametric systolic strain z-scores were therefore determined for 15,300 points in each injured sheep left ventricle. Multiparametric z-scores were found to vary significantly by region (P<0.001). z-Scores in regions remote to the infarct were found to be significantly smaller than those in the regions most likely to include infarcted myocardium. In this pre-clinical evaluation of MRI-based multiparametric strain analysis, it accurately quantified and visually defined regional differences in myocardial contractile function.
Comparative analysis of the S-intergenic region in class-II S haplotypes of self-incompatible Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) (2006)

In the Brassica self-incompatibility (SI) system, a pollen determinant, SP11, is involved in dominance/recessive relationships in pollen SI phenotypes. In order to gain some insights into the genomic structure around the SP11 and the mechanisms that give dominance/recessive relationships, we characterized the genomic region containing SP11 and SRK genes in three pollen recessive class-II S haplotypes. The direction of transcription of S genes was completely conserved among class-II S haplotypes. However, the region between SP11 and SRK (S-intergenic region) was highly polymorphic without short repetitive sequences. In addition, we found a sequence similarity between the short repetitive sequence and 5'-upstream region of SP11. This sequence similarity was found to be potentially related to the expression of dominance relationships through the change of chromatin structure.
Blue-green organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorene-oxadiazole compounds (1998)

We explore the electroluminescent properties of multilayer vapor-deposited organic light-emitting diodes based on a novel set of blue-green emitting-fluorene-oxadiazole compounds. The compounds were used both for the transport of electrons and for the emission of light; in all cases, arylamines were used for the transport of holes. Reducing the ionization potential of the fluorene-oxadiazole compound suppressed the exciplex formation between the hole-transporting layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL) and increased the corresponding photometric efficiency from 0.6 to 8.7 cd/A. High power efficiencies of 4.5 lm/W at a luminance of 200 cd/m2 were also achieved at low operating voltages. However, the device lifetime was very limited which was attributed mainly to the exciplex formation in the HTL/ETL interface and the instability of the oxadiazole moiety in the excited state.
Energy-resolving superconducting x-ray detectors with charge amplification due to multiple quasiparticle tunneling (1993)

Superconducting tunnel junctions coupled to superconducting absorbers may be used as high-resolution, high-efficiency x-ray spectrometers. We have tested devices with niobium x-ray absorbing layers coupled to aluminum layers that serve as quasiparticle traps. The energy resolution at 6 keV was 49 eV full width at half-maximum. We estimate that each quasiparticle tunnels an average of 19 times before recombining, increasing the total charge transferred and therefore decreasing the effects of electronic noise.
New approach to local thermodilution: use of pig tail catheters to avoid basic difficulties (1977)

The use of pit tail catheters and the placing of the thermistor distal to the lumen for the cold injectate have allowed the development of a new catheter for local thermodilution with many advantages. Apart from its small size and possibility of percutaneous introduction, the spatial orientation of the thermistor to the rest of the catheter and to the port of injection ensures: (a) its absolute thermal insulation; (b) avoidance of contact with vessel walls: and (c) constant spatial relationship between the lumen for injection and the thermistor as regards the dynamics of flow and temperature change.
Antifungal Activity of Novel 5‐Carbonyl Derivatives of 3‐Phenyl‐3‐(1<i>H</i>‐imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐2‐methylisoxazolidines (1989)

The synthesis and antifungal activity of a series of novel 5-carbonyl derivatives of 3-phenyl-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methylisoxazolidines (4) are discussed. The preparation of the title compounds involved a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alpha-substituted ketonitrones with either acrylic esters, acrylamide or methyl vinyl ketone to furnish cis/trans-diastereomeric mixtures of the desired 5-carbonyl isoxazolidines 4. The anifungal activity was evaluated in vitro in solid agar cultures. Some of the compounds tested exerted moderate to potent activity against a wide variety of dermatophytes and yeast and systemic fungi.
High-power ion beam generation with an inverse reflex tetrode (1980)

A new reflexing-electron ion source is described. The device produces a unidirectional ion beam with relatively high efficiency even when the applied magnetic field exceeds the self-field. This new source operates at a low, constant impedance during much of the applied voltage pulse and is better matched to available high-power, low-impedance generators than previous reflexing-electron devices. Proton pulses with peak current ∼500 kA have been produced with the inverse reflex tetrode coupled to the Gamble II generator.
A Pump-Controlled Circuit for Single-Rod Cylinders that Incorporates Limited Throttling Compensating Valves (2018)

Valve-controlled hydraulic actuation systems are favored in many applications due to their fast response, high power-to-weight ratio, and stability under variable working conditions. Efficiency, however, is the main disadvantage of these systems. Pump-controlled hydraulic actuations, on the other hand, eliminate energy losses in throttling valves and require less cooling. Furthermore, they inherently hold the ability to recover energy from assistive loads. Pump-controlled circuits for double-rod cylinders are well developed and are implemented in many industrial applications, including aviation. However, pump-controlled circuits for single-rod cylinders usually experience performance issues during specific modes of operation. In this paper, a new circuit using two valves to compensate for the differential flow of single-rod actuators is proposed. The compensating valves provide limited throttling over the differential flow only in critical operating regions to alleviate unwanted velocity oscillations. They have a minimum throttling effect in all other operating regions to preserve the efficiency. The new circuit has been experimentally evaluated. Its performance has also been compared with three other previously proposed circuits. The proposed circuit displays an improved performance, besides being capable of energy regeneration.
Correlation between current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes (1998)

A correlation between the current-voltage (I-V) and the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) is revealed and claimed to be a general property of SBDs for the first time. Analytical expressions explaining the correlation based on the electric field dependence of the Schottky barrier height are derived, yielding novel approaches to evaluate Schottky barrier height lowering and to model the device behaviors.