gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High incidence of N and K-Ras activating mutations in multiple myeloma and primary plasma cell leukemia at diagnosis (2001)

Using allele-specific amplification method (ARMS), a highly sensitive one-stage allele-specific PCR, we have evaluated the incidence of NRAS and KRAS2 activating mutations (codons 12, 13, and 61) in 62 patients with either monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or multiple myeloma (MM), primary plasma-cell leukemia (P-PCL), and also in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). NRAS and/or KRAS2 mutations were found in 54.5% of MM at diagnosis (but in 81% at the time of relapse), in 50% of P-PCL, and in 50% of 16 HMCL. In contrast, the occurrence of such mutations was very low in MGUS and indolent MM (12.50%). Of note, KRAS2 mutations were always more frequent than NRAS. The validity of the technique was assessed by direct sequencing of cell lines and of some patients. Multiple mutations found in two patients were confirmed by subcloning exon PCR amplification products, testing clones with our method, and sequencing them. Thus, these early mutations could play a major role in the oncogenesis of MM and P-PCL.
A Survey On Active Queue Management Mechanisms (2008)

Congestion control mechanism is one of the key that keeps any network efficient and reliable for the users. Many mechanisms were proposed in the literature over theses years for the efficient control of congestion that occur in the network. Active Queue Management (AQM) is one such mechanism which provides better control in the recent years. It works at the router for controlling the number of packets in the router&apos;s buffer by actively discarding an arriving packet. Many schemes were proposed which give better delay performance and high throughput over different traffic conditions. In this paper an exhaustive survey is made on the AQM techniques that are proposed and the merits and short falls is presented Key words:
Copper conducting electrode with nickel as a seed layer for selective emitter crystalline silicon solar cells (2014)

In this research, we investigated selective emitter formation with a single-step photolithography process having a metallization scheme composed of nickel/copper metal stacks. The nickel seed layers were deposited by applying the electroless deposition process while copper was formed by light induced electro-plating arrangements as the main conducting electrode. The electroless deposition of nickel, along with a sintering process, was employed to create a diffusion barrier between copper and silicon. The nickel metal stack below the copper-conducting electrode also helped in lowering the sheet resistance and improving the contact adhesion. The nickel used as a seed layer was successfully demonstrated in the fabrication of a homogeneous 60 Ω/□ emitter and selective emitter cells. Lower series resistances of 0.165 Ω and 0.253 Ω were achieved for the selective emitter and the homogeneous emitter cells, respectively. The best cell efficiency of 18.37% for the selective emitter solar cell was achieved, with average cell efficiencies of 18.17% and 17.3% for the selective emitter and the homogeneous emitter cells, respectively. An approximate efficiency increase of about 0.8% was recorded for the selective emitter solar cells.
An efficient finite-element method for the analysis of photonic band-gap materials (2003)

An efficient finite-element method (FEM) is presented in this paper to calculate the bandgap information of photonic bandgap (PBG) materials. A uniaxial anisotropic absorber is used to enclose the computational domain of the finite-element method. The presented method is very efficient in the bandgap calculation, which is essential for the design of various practical applications using PBG materials.
Weighted backprojection implemented with a non-uniform attenuation map for improved SPECT quantitation (1988)

A method is developed to improve quantitation in single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging by using an attenuation compensation method that includes the correct nonuniform attenuation spatial distribution (i.e. map). The method is based on the technique of weighted back projection, previously developed for uniform attenuation. It is tested by imaging a nonuniform phantom, reconstructing it with the known attenuation map, and quantitatively comparing the resultant image with the known activity distribution. Reconstructed image profiles are dramatically improved in comparison to reconstructions without compensation or with an assumed uniform attenuation map. Contrast measurements further quantify the improvement. Line-spread-function distortions seen previously in nonuniform geometries are essentially eliminated by the method, making it appropriate for these geometries if the nonuniform map can be determined. Some additional image distortions introduced by the compensation method are noted that will require further study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anger Suppression and Subsequent Pain Behaviors among Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: Moderating Effects of Anger Regulation Style (2011)

Anger regulation style moderated effects of state anger suppression on subsequent pain behaviors, effects that were partly explained by aroused anger.
Micro-scale distillation—I: simulation (2007)

Microchannel technology as applied to chemical processing has resulted in impressive improvements in performance thresholds. Studies published for more than a decade show that enhanced performance in chemical reactors can be largely attributed to the reduction of transport distances. Chemical distillation is now emerging as a new area for the application of microchannel technology.
Uroplakin III Is a Highly Specific and Moderately Sensitive Immunohistochemical Marker for Primary and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinomas (2000)

Uroplakins are specific differentiation products of terminally differentiated superficial urothelial cells. We tested the value of a new commercially available monoclonal antibody against uroplakin III (clone AU 1) as a paraffin-reactive immunohistochemical marker for primary and metastatic urothelial carcinomas. The study cases included 67 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary tract (35 primary tumors, 32 metastases) and 318 nonurothelial carcinomas, as well as 5 benign Brenner tumors and 2 transitional cell carcinomas of the ovaries. Uroplakin III was detected in 21 (60%) of the primary urothelial carcinomas and 17 (53%) of the metastases, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 0.57. The studied Brenner tumors also were immunoreactive for uroplakin III. All other studied carcinomas were consistently uroplakin III-negative (specificity 1.00). We found the new monoclonal antibody AU 1 against uroplakin III to be a highly specific paraffin-reactive immunohistochemical marker for urothelial tumors with a moderate sensitivity for the identification of primary and metastatic urothelial carcinomas.
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE AGONIST: A NEW APPROACH TO REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION IN FEMALE DEER (2004)

Fertility control offers a potential alternative for controlling an abundance of wild ungulate populations where lethal methods are infeasible or unacceptable. A promising nonsteroidal, nonimmunologic approach to reversible contraception consists of agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). We evaluated the effects of the GnRH agonist, leuprolide, on reproduction, the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone, blood parameters, and reproductive behavior in captive female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) during December 1999 through June 2001. Leuprolide, administered as a controlled release formulation (ATRIGEL), was 100% effective in preventing pregnancy for one breeding season. Infertility was achieved by suppressing LH levels, which prevented ovulation and the formation of corpus luteum. Treated females regained normal ovarian function and conceived the following breeding season. Leuprolide had no adverse effects on blood chemistry and hematology, body weight dynamics, or the general health of treated females. In contrast to our predictions, leuprolide did not suppress estrous behavior in female deer during the "normal" breeding period, nor did treated females return to normal ovarian function and exhibit reproductive behaviors during the post-breeding period. This prolonged-release leuprolide formulation offers an alternative approach to reversible contraception in female deer that overcomes some of the problems associated with existing technology.
Protective Effect of Apoptosis-Inhibitory Agent, <i>N</i>-Tosyl-<scp>l</scp>-Phenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone against Ischemia-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Damage (1998)

Delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 sector occurs 48 to 72 hours after severe forebrain ischemia. DNA fragmentation is observed in the hippocampal CA1 neurons at around that time. We show here that an inhibitor of proteolytic process of apoptosis, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), protected hippocampal neuronal damage by inhibition of the DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner and that TPCK induced an apoptosis-regulating molecule, Bcl-2 protein, in the surviving neurons. These results suggest the prevention of apoptosis-related DNA fragmentation by TPCK may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for preserving hippocampal neurons from ischemic insult.
A Small-Molecule Oral Agonist of the Human Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor (2022)

Peptide agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) have revolutionized diabetes therapy, but their use has been limited because they require injection. Herein, we describe the discovery of the orally bioavailable, small-molecule, GLP-1R agonist PF-06882961 (danuglipron). A sensitized high-throughput screen was used to identify 5-fluoropyrimidine-based GLP-1R agonists that were optimized to promote endogenous GLP-1R signaling with nanomolar potency. Incorporation of a carboxylic acid moiety provided considerable GLP-1R potency gains with improved off-target pharmacology and reduced metabolic clearance, ultimately resulting in the identification of danuglipron. Danuglipron increased insulin levels in primates but not rodents, which was explained by receptor mutagensis studies and a cryogenic electron microscope structure that revealed a binding pocket requiring a primate-specific tryptophan 33 residue. Oral administration of danuglipron to healthy humans produced dose-proportional increases in systemic exposure (NCT03309241). This opens an opportunity for oral small-molecule therapies that target the well-validated GLP-1R for metabolic health.
FM response of narrow-linewidth, multielectrode lambda /4 shift DFB laser (1990)

Flat FM response from 100 kHz to 15 GHz was achieved in a multielectrode distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. A lambda /4-shifted corrugation and a 1200- mu m-long cavity were very effective not only in reducing the linewidth to less than 1 MHz, but also in making FM response flat by selective current injection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN QUINAZOLONES: PART I. SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTED 2‐ISOPROPYL‐4(3H)‐QUINAZOLONES (1979)

Abstract Studies in Quinazolones.
Synthetic accesses to biguanide compounds (2021)

Biguanide is a unique chemical function, which has attracted much attention a century ago and is showing resurgent interest in recent years after a long period of dormancy. This class of compounds has found broad applications such as reaction catalysts, organic strong bases, ligands for metal complexation, or versatile starting materials in organic synthesis for the preparation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Moreover, biguanides demonstrate a wide range of biological activities and some representatives are worldwide known such as metformin, the first-line treatment against type II diabetes, or chlorhexidine, the gold standard disinfectant and antiseptic. Although scarcely represented, the number of "success stories" with biguanide-containing compounds highlights their value and their unexploited potential as future drugs in various therapeutic fields or as efficient metal ligands. This review provides an extensive and critical overview of the synthetic accesses to biguanide compounds, as well as their comparative advantages and limitations. It also underlines the need of developing new synthetic methodologies to reach a wider variety of biguanides and to overcome the underrepresentation of these compounds.
High Resolution Dynamic Drainage Height Estimations using Subsurface DNA Diagnostics (2019)

Abstract Subsurface DNA Diagnostics™ is a low-risk, high-resolution evaluation tool offering oil and gas operators a measurement of fluid movement in the subsurface. DNA sequencing methodologies that use subsurface DNA markers acquired from well cuttings and produced fluids are currently used in all major US unconventional basins to elucidate drainage heights for new and existing wells. Dynamic drainage height estimations are especially important in field-wide development, when actionable turnaround time of drainage height estimates is a priority to improve subsurface understanding and maximize reservoir economics. For this work, well cuttings were collected during drilling every 10’ MD from a 1000’ vertical section of interest in the Permian's highly stratified Wolfcamp formation. Subsurface DNA was extracted and sequenced from cuttings at the sub-formation level to create a robust DNA marker profile. Produced fluids were collected every 2 weeks through 140 days. DNA markers from each sub-formation were compared to every fluid time point using a Bayesian mixture modeling algorithm. This method produces an estimate of the relative contribution of DNA markers from each sub-formation for each fluid sample over time. The result of Subsurface DNA Diagnostics is a novel subsurface log that characterizes DNA markers as a function of depth, and identifies the intervals with relative higher productivity compared to the other intervals over time. These drainage metrics are then overlaid with existing petrophysical properties to refine knowledge of oil and water behavior within different sub formations during a well's lifetime. Subsurface DNA Diagnostic's use of well cuttings and produced fluids enables rapid scalability due to low-risk sampling (no downhole tools or lost production time) and minimal field personnel time. As such, an operator can relatively quickly characterize the drainage height of their field over time using several vertical baselines and a routine sampling protocol of producing wells in both exploratory, development, and producing phases of the asset.
Label-Free Enrichment of Adrenal Cortical Progenitor Cells Using Inertial Microfluidics (2012)

Passive and label-free isolation of viable target cells based on intrinsic biophysical cellular properties would allow for cost savings in applications where molecular biomarkers are known as well as potentially enable the separation of cells with little-to-no known molecular biomarkers. We have demonstrated the purification of adrenal cortical progenitor cells from digestions of murine adrenal glands utilizing hydrodynamic inertial lift forces that single cells and multicellular clusters differentially experience as they flow through a microchannel. Fluorescence staining, along with gene expression measurements, confirmed that populations of cells collected in different outlets were distinct from one another. Furthermore, primary murine cells processed through the device remained highly viable and could be cultured for 10 days in vitro. The proposed target cell isolation technique can provide a practical means to collect significant quantities of viable intact cells required to translate stem cell biology to regenerative medicine in a simple label-free manner.
Polarization-dependent C(<i>K</i>) near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure of graphite (1986)

Photoabsorption spectra of graphite at photon energies between 275 and 345 eV are presented. The spectra show dramatic changes as the angle, \ensuremath{\alpha}, between the Poynting vector and the surface normal is varied. By varying \ensuremath{\alpha}, one is able to select the symmetry of the final state (\ensuremath{\sigma} or \ensuremath{\pi}). Using this information, we are able to assign the spectral features to states predicted by published band-structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzamidinato Complexes of Main Group and Transition Metals ‐ Crystal Structures of PhC(NSiMe3)2TiCl2 and PhC(NSiMe3)2MoO2. (1988)

Abstract The reaction of (I) with metal halides leads to new amidinato complexes, the four‐membered chelate compounds (II) or spirocyclic compounds (V) or (VII), respectively.
Human Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) located at chromosome 3p21.3 suppresses tumor formation in an adenocarcinoma cell line. (2002)

The short arm of chromosome 3 has been shown to exhibit high loss of heterozygosity in several types of cancer including ovarian, kidney, lung, and testicular cancers. In particular, overlapping homozygous deletions in lung cancers have been identified in region 3p21.3. Semaphorin 3B, a gene that resides within this region, has been proposed to be involved in tumorigenesis. To address this hypothesis, we have examined the effects of semaphorin 3B on HEY cells, an ovarian cancer cell line. HEY cells expressing semaphorin 3B exhibited a diminished tumorigenicity in BALB/c nu/nu mice. Semaphorin 3B also severely reduced the anchorage independence of HEY cells. These results demonstrate a role for semaphorin 3B in tumor suppression.
The versatile biomedical applications of bismuth-based nanoparticles and composites: therapeutic, diagnostic, biosensing, and regenerative properties (2020)

Studies of nanosized forms of bismuth (Bi)-containing materials have recently expanded from optical, chemical, electronic, and engineering fields towards biomedicine, as a result of their safety, cost-effective fabrication processes, large surface area, high stability, and high versatility in terms of shape, size, and porosity. Bi, as a nontoxic and inexpensive diamagnetic heavy metal, has been used for the fabrication of various nanoparticles (NPs) with unique structural, physicochemical, and compositional features to combine various properties, such as a favourably high X-ray attenuation coefficient and near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, excellent light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and a long circulation half-life. These features have rendered bismuth-containing nanoparticles (BiNPs) with desirable performance for combined cancer therapy, photothermal and radiation therapy (RT), multimodal imaging, theranostics, drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Bismuth oxyhalides (BiO<sub>x</sub>, where X is Cl, Br or I) and bismuth chalcogenides, including bismuth oxide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, and bismuth telluride, have been heavily investigated for therapeutic purposes. The pharmacokinetics of these BiNPs can be easily improved via the facile modification of their surfaces with biocompatible polymers and proteins, resulting in enhanced colloidal stability, extended blood circulation, and reduced toxicity. Desirable antibacterial effects, bone regeneration potential, and tumor growth suppression under NIR laser radiation are the main biomedical research areas involving BiNPs that have opened up a new paradigm for their future clinical translation. This review emphasizes the synthesis and state-of-the-art progress related to the biomedical applications of BiNPs with different structures, sizes, and compositions. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion focusing on challenges and future opportunities is presented.
ECG Authentication System Design Based on Signal Analysis in Mobile and Wearable Devices (2016)

We propose a practical system design for biometrics authentication based on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals collected from mobile or wearable devices. The ECG signals from such devices can be corrupted by noise as a result of movement, signal acquisition type, etc. This leads to a tradeoff between captured signal quality and ease of use. We propose the use of cross correlation of the templates extracted during the registration and authentication stages. The proposed approach can reduce the time required to achieve the target false acceptance rate (FAR) and false rejection rate (FRR). The proposed algorithms are implemented in a wearable watch for verification of feasibility. In the experiment results, the FAR and FRR are 5.2% and 1.9%, respectively, at approximately 3 s of authentication and 30 s of registration.
Olsalazine-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Biocompatible Platforms for H<sub>2</sub> Adsorption and Drug Delivery (2016)

The drug olsalazine (H4olz) was employed as a ligand to synthesize a new series of mesoporous metal-organic frameworks that are expanded analogues of the well-known M2(dobdc) materials (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; M-MOF-74). The M2(olz) frameworks (M = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn) exhibit high surface areas with large hexagonal pore apertures that are approximately 27 Å in diameter. Variable temperature H2 adsorption isotherms revealed strong adsorption at the open metal sites, and in situ infrared spectroscopy experiments on Mg2(olz) and Ni2(olz) were used to determine site-specific H2 binding enthalpies. In addition to its capabilities for gas sorption, the highly biocompatible Mg2(olz) framework was also evaluated as a platform for the delivery of olsalazine and other encapsulated therapeutics. The Mg2(olz) material (86 wt % olsalazine) was shown to release the therapeutic linker through dissolution of the framework under simulated physiological conditions. Furthermore, Mg2(olz) was used to encapsulate phenethylamine (PEA), a model drug for a broad class of bioactive compounds. Under simulated physiological conditions, Mg2(olz)(PEA)2 disassembled to release PEA from the pores and olsalazine from the framework itself, demonstrating that multiple therapeutic components can be delivered together at different rates. The low toxicity, high surface areas, and coordinatively unsaturated metal sites make these M2(olz) materials promising for a range of potential applications, including drug delivery in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Motion and Appearance Contexts for Tracking and Re-Acquiring Targets in Aerial Videos (2007)

In this paper, we use motion and appearance contexts for persistent tracking of objects in aerial imagery. The motion context in a given environment is a collection of trajectories of objects which are representative of the motion of the occluded or unobserved object. It is learned using a clustering scheme based on the Lyapunov characteristic exponent (LCE) which measures the mean exponential rate of divergence of the nearby trajectories. The learned motion context is then used in a regression framework to predict the location of the unobserved object. The appearance context of an occluded (target) object consists of appearance information of objects which are currently occluded or unobserved. It is incorporated by learning a distribution of interclass variation for each target-unobservable object pair. In addition, intra-class variation distribution is constructed for each occluded object using all of its previous observations. Qualitative and quantitative results are reported on challenging aerial sequences.
Recent advances in brachytherapy physics (1981)

This monograph, Recent Advances in Brachytherapy Physics, is published by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) to up-date one of the earliest forms of radiation therapy. Brachytherapy, the use of contact or implanted radioactive sources, is still an important modality in the treatment of cancer. The discussion of new Brachytherapy sources together with new instruments, techniques, and applicators makes this monograph a useful reference for radiation therapy physicists and physicians.