gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human body sensing: A pervasive approach by implanted RFID tags (2010)

Starting from the physical evidence that passive RFID systems may be used as self-sensing devices, the feasibility of human monitoring by means of implanted tags is here investigated. The key parameters to master with the purpose to enhance the sensitivity of the implanted radiosensor have been theoretically analyzed and numerically applied to a specific medical problem, i.e. the continuous monitoring of liver cancer evolution. Preliminary experimental results with simplified phantoms corroborate the analysis.
A modified covariance-based mobile velocity estimation method for Rician fading channels (2005)

This paper contains our proposal for a novel velocity estimation method based on the auto-covariance of the received signal and that of the squared envelope. This modified covariance-based (MCOV) estimator exhibits unbiased characteristics in a Rician fading environment. Moreover, it requires no other channel information, such as Rician factors or the angle of arrival (AoA). The authors also propose a scaling technique which can improve the performance of the MCOV method in a Rayleigh fading environment. When coupled with the scaling technique, the new method demonstrates robust performance in both the Rayleigh and Rician fading environments.
Compressed sensing applications for biological microscopy (2010)

This paper provides an overview of some compressed sensing contributions to biological microscopy developed in our laboratory. They are mainly on four topics: (i) a CS-based denoising framework exploiting a Total Variation sparsity prior and very limited number of measurements in the Fourier domain, (ii) practical experiments on fluorescence image data demonstrating that thanks to CS the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved while still reducing the photobleaching effect, (iii) a CS reconstruction framework combining Fourier magnitude measurements and Fourier phase estimation for sequential microscopy image acquisition, (iv) a microscopy acquisition scheme successfully combining Compressed Sensing (CS) and digital holography.
Why do peaks tail (2003)

If you look carefully, you will see that almost every chromatographic peak tails to a certain degree. Although many of today’s liquid chromatography (LC) columns are less problematic from this standpoint than were their ancestors, the problem has not been eliminated. This month’s “LC Troubleshooting” discusses the causes of peak tailing, how to measure it, some preventive steps you can take and why newer column types are less prone to tailing.
Use of Cold Mixes for Rural Road Construction (2012)

Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) is used predominantly as a paving mix from many decades in road construction. In India almost 90 percent road network is occupied by bituminous pavements only. Certain limitations associated with HMA use are like emission of green house gases from hot mix plant, shut down of plants during rainy season, problems in maintaining the paving temperature when hauling distances are more, etc. Due to topographical constraints, rural roads projects in North Eastern States of India like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and others are beyond time. Indian government is undergoing a massive rural road development plan and is highly concerned for the rural road development projects in North East states. Since many of the rural roads of North Eastern States are in hilly regions having heavy rainfall and many a times they have to meet very strict environmental regulations as many of these projects also lies in forest zone. It sometimes becomes very difficult to go with HMA only for rural road construction. Use of cold mixes should be evaluated in these states. Cold mix asphalt consists of unheated aggregate with emulsion or cutback as binder. Cold mix also offers advantages like; reduction in emissions, low fuel consumption, can be used in rainy seasons etc. This paper presents the mix design of cold mixes for use in different courses of pavements. The paper provides information on the different additives which are usually used to increase the performance of cold mix. It also gives the results of same earlier studies on cold mixes. It also highlights the scope of using cold mix in rural road construction in North Eastern states of India.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF HEAVY‐WEIGHT BEEF CARCASSES (1979)

ABSTRACT Eight heavy‐weight, grain‐fed cattle (475–550 kg steers) were slaughtered and the right sides were electrically stimulated (50 impulses, 440 volts, 5 amps, 60 cycles per set) within 1 hr postmortem and before chilling. Measurements of pH were taken at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hr. Steaks were removed at 24 hr for palatability, fragmentation and sarcomere length determinations. Significant differences were observed for pH values at 1 hr (P < 0.01) and 6 hr (P < 0.001) postmortem for electrically stimulated vs control sides while no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed for 12 hr or 24 hr pH values. Quality evaluations revealed that electrical stimulation resulted in improvements in lean color uniformity. Electrically stimulated beef also had less panel‐detectable connective tissue amount and higher ratings for tenderness, flavor and overall palatability than unstimulated beef. Neither sarcomere length nor myofibril fragmentation index differed significantly (P > 0.05) between treatments. This study suggests that electrical stimulation is as effective in improving quality and palatability of heavy‐weight, grain‐fed beef as previous research has shown it to be in improving these characteristics in light‐weight, short‐fed or grass‐fed beef.
Engineering posttranslational proofreading to discriminate nonstandard amino acids (2018)

Incorporation of nonstandard amino acids (nsAAs) leads to chemical diversification of proteins, which is an important tool for the investigation and engineering of biological processes. However, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases crucial for this process are polyspecific in regard to nsAAs and standard amino acids. Here, we develop a quality control system called "posttranslational proofreading" to more accurately and rapidly evaluate nsAA incorporation. We achieve this proofreading by hijacking a natural pathway of protein degradation known as the N-end rule, which regulates the lifespan of a protein based on its amino-terminal residue. We find that proteins containing certain desired N-terminal nsAAs have much longer half-lives compared with those proteins containing undesired amino acids. We use the posttranslational proofreading system to further evolve a <i>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii</i> tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) variant and a tRNA<sup>Tyr</sup> species for improved specificity of the nsAA biphenylalanine in vitro and in vivo. Our newly evolved biphenylalanine incorporation machinery enhances the biocontainment and growth of genetically engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains that depend on biphenylalanine incorporation. Finally, we show that our posttranslational proofreading system can be designed for incorporation of other nsAAs by rational engineering of the ClpS protein, which mediates the N-end rule. Taken together, our posttranslational proofreading system for in vivo protein sequence verification presents an alternative paradigm for molecular recognition of amino acids and is a major advance in our ability to accurately expand the genetic code.
Fabrication of Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> Ceramics with Metal Nitride Additives by Isostatic Hot‐Pressing (1985)

High‐density Si 3 N 4 ceramics with nitride additives such as TiN, AlN, ZrN, VN, NbN, YN, TUN, Mg 3 N 2 , and HfN were fabricated by isostatic hot‐pressing. The temperature dependence of Vickers microhardness, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity were measured; these properties, as well as microstructure, were strongly influenced by the additive used.
Linearity of X-band class-F power amplifiers in high-efficiency transmitters (2001)

Modern communication signals have time-varying envelopes with significant peak-to-average ratios, resulting in low average efficiency when amplified by commonly used linear power amplifiers (PAs). For linear amplification with increased average efficiency, the Kahn envelope-elimination-and-restoration method uses a highly efficient saturated PA. In this paper, an 8.4 GHz class-F PA with 55% maximum instantaneous efficiency at 610 mW output power, is experimentally characterized in several different biasing modes. Operated in linear mode with constant drain bias, this PA has 10% average efficiency. The suppression of two-tone intermodulation products is 27 dBc when operated at about 0.7 times the peak output power. For the same PA operated in a modified Kahn mode with drive and bias control, a comparable linearity (27.7 dBc) can be obtained at peak output power. Furthermore, the average efficiency increased to 44%, a factor of 4.4 over the linear fixed bias mode.
Managing hydroclimatological risk to water supply with option contracts and reservoir index insurance (2007)

This paper explores the performance of a system of economic instruments designed to facilitate the reduction of hydroclimatologic variability‐induced impacts on stakeholders of shared water supply. The system is composed of bulk water option contracts between urban water suppliers and agricultural users and insurance indexed on reservoir inflows. The insurance is designed to cover the financial needs of the water supplier in situations where the option is likely to be exercised. Insurance provides the irregularly needed funds for exercising the water options. The combined option contract – reservoir index insurance system creates risk sharing between sectors that is currently lacking in many shared water situations. Contracts are designed for a shared agriculture – urban water system in Metro Manila, Philippines, using optimization and Monte Carlo analysis. Observed reservoir inflows are used to simulate contract performance. Results indicate the option – insurance design effectively smooths water supply costs of hydrologic variability for both agriculture and urban water.
Plasma for Underfill Process in Flip Chip Packaging (2015)

Driven by the fast growing demand for smaller, faster, and higher I/O electronic devices, flip chip technology has attracted significant attention in the electronic packaging industry. Flip chip is a proven packaging technology due to its high performance, reduced form factor, and greater I/O density. In successful flip chip packaging, the underfill process plays an important role because it can significantly increase the reliability and quality of the package. It can also increase the thermal fatigue life of the solder bump interconnects, protect the interconnect from the environment, and provide robustness against mechanical shock. Plasma treatment prior to the underfill process brings many benefits to the underfill dispensing process, such as it increases wicking speed, improves fillet height and its uniformity, and promotes interface adhesion. As a result, plasma treatment prevents delamination and void formation that can result in a shortened lifetime for microelectronic devices. Many factors can affect the plasma’s performance for the underfill process. Selection of the appropriate plasma chemistry and configuration is critical to the successful implementation of plasma prior to the underfill step. The flexibility of the radio frequency used with low pressure plasma allows the user to successfully utilize plasma for numerous material sets. In this paper, plasma chemistry and plasma performance with die, substrate, and underfill material will be reviewed and new experimental data will be shown.
[Relationship of the genetic diversity within the V-region, P-region and C-terminus of surface protein of Streptococcus mutans to dental caries]. (2005)

The genetic diversity within spaP-pv of clinical isolates of S. mutans might be related to the differences of their adherent abilities.
Fine-Tuning of Photoautotrophic Protein Production by Combining Promoters and Neutral Sites in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 (2015)

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic cell factories that use solar energy to convert CO2 into useful products. Despite this attractive feature, the development of tools for engineering cyanobacterial chassis has lagged behind that for heterotrophs such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Heterologous genes in cyanobacteria are often integrated at presumptively "neutral" chromosomal sites, with unknown effects. We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data for the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 to identify neutral sites from which no transcripts are expressed. We characterized the two largest such sites on the chromosome, a site on an endogenous plasmid, and a shuttle vector by integrating an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression cassette expressed from either the Pcpc560 or the Ptrc1O promoter into each locus. Expression from the endogenous plasmid was as much as 14-fold higher than that from the chromosome, with intermediate expression from the shuttle vector. The expression characteristics of each locus correlated predictably with the promoters used. These findings provide novel, characterized tools for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering in cyanobacteria.
Carnap's Thought on Inductive Logic (2012)

Although we often see references to Carnap’s inductive logic even in modern literatures, seemingly its confusing style has long obstructed its correct understanding. So instead of Carnap, in this paper, I devote myself to its necessary and sufficient commentary. In the beginning part (Sections 2-5), I explain why Carnap began the study of inductive logic and how he related it with our thought on probability (Sections 2-4). Therein, I trace Carnap’s thought back to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus as well (Section 5). In the succeeding sections, I attempt the simplest exhibition of Carnap’s earlier system, where his original thought was thoroughly provided. For this purpose, minor concepts to which researchers have not paid attention are highlighted, for example, m-function (Section 8), in-correlation (Section 10), C-correlate (Section 10), statistical distribution (Section 12), and fitting sequence (Section 17). The climax of this paper is the proof of theorem (56). Through this theorem, we will be able to overview Carnap’s whole system.
Immunoaffinity purification and characterization of lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitors from Hep G2 hepatoma, Chang liver, and SK hepatoma cells. A comparative study. (1990)

A polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 3-25 of mature lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI) was raised in rabbits. The antibody was used to study the production of LACI by Hep G2 hepatoma, Chang liver, and SK hepatoma cells, and to purify LACI from the culture media. By using an amidolytic assay for factor Xa, it was found that the culture media from these liver-derived cell lines contain inhibitors of factor Xa. In Hep G2 hepatoma culture medium, approximately 50% of Xa inhibitory activity was due to LACI. In the Chang liver and SK hepatoma culture media over 95% of the Xa inhibitory activity was due to LACI. The LACIs were purified from these media by immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-LACI-lg-Sepharose 4B column and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified LA-CIs varied in molecular weight depending on whether the media were concentrated before chromatography. An Mr approximately 38,000 LACI was obtained by chromatography of unconcentrated media. Chromatography of concentrated media yielded a LACI of Mr approximately 35,000 with the same amino-terminal sequence, suggesting partial proteolysis in the carboxyl-terminal region. In addition, an Mr approximately 25,000 form of LACI was also present. The purified Mr approximately 38,000 and approximately 35,000 LACI species from the above cells possess similar specific activities when measured by an anti-Xa/amidolysis assay. To study the role of LACI in the control of coagulation, pooled human plasma was depleted of LACI antigen by immunoaffinity absorption and reconstituted with varying amounts of purified LACI to examine the effect on tissue factor (TF)-induced coagulation. LACI depletion shortens the time of TF-induced clotting of plasma and the clotting time is linearly related to the LACI concentration after reconstitution. These results suggest that LACI plays an important role in limiting TF-induced coagulation in human plasma. Comparison of the potencies of various purified LACIs in the prolongation of TF-induced coagulation revealed that LA-CIs from different sources are not equivalent. The plasma LACI, SK hepatoma LACI, and Chang liver LACI are approximately 7-, 6-7, and 1.3-fold higher in specific activity than Hep G2 hepatoma LACI in the TF-induced clotting assay when compared on an anti-Xa/amidolysis unit basis, suggesting possible differences in post-translational modification of these LA-CIs.
Integrated Stability Control for Narrow Tilting Vehicles: An Envelope Approach (2020)

This paper proposes an integrated stability control strategy for tilting vehicles. The work extends the envelope-based lateral stability controller by introducing and enforcing the roll envelope in the optimal control design. The model predictive controller (MPC) scheme is adopted to apply the control effort only when the predicted vehicle states are leaving the safe envelopes. The non-minimum phase problem in active tilting control is handled by utilizing the predictive feature of the controller. It is shown via the simulation in CarSim that, by adopting the envelope-based control scheme, the control effort to maintain the roll stability of narrow vehicles can be greatly reduced. The integrated controller also improves the vehicle handling performance while still guarantees its lateral and roll stability.
Constraint-based gaze estimation without active calibration (2011)

Existing eye gaze tracking systems typically require an explicit personal calibration process in order to estimate certain person-specific eye parameters. For natural human computer interaction, such a personal calibration is often cumbersome and unnatural. In this paper, we introduce a new method that estimates a person's gaze without active personal calibration. By exploiting the binocular constraint that the gaze point is produced by the intersection of visual axes of two eyes and some generic person-independent constraints on eye parameters, our method is able to estimate the required person-specific parameters implicitly and naturally without active participation from the user and without use of any special calibration object. Experiments with different subjects show that the proposed method achieves good gaze estimation comparable to the conventional 9 point method.
Risk news in the world of Internet newsgroups (2001)

The coming of the Internet has provided those who are able to benefit from it new ways of giving and seeking information. These new contexts of communication include newsgroups , very much a text‐based form of interaction with little visual enhancement. In the new era of ‘risk society’ (Beck 1992) people make use of newsgroups to talk about the risks which now confront the world, in their pursuit of trustworthy information and informants. Using the affair of Mad Cow Disease (BSE), with particular reference to the crisis in 1996, this article explores the dynamics of news exchange via the newsgroups as a process which is Interactive, International, Interested and Intertextual. These characteristics result in a form of discourse through which participants engage in the interpersonal social construction of risk. The credibility of the proposition that BSE poses a health risk to humans is the focus of their discussions: they are concerned with the nature of the evidence for that proposition and with the reliability of the sources responsible for endorsing it.
Generation of Functional Blood Vessels from a Single c-kit+ Adult Vascular Endothelial Stem Cell (2012)

In adults, the growth of blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis, is essential for organ growth and repair. In many disorders including cancer, angiogenesis becomes excessive. The cellular origin of new vascular endothelial cells (ECs) during blood vessel growth in angiogenic situations has remained unknown. Here, we provide evidence for adult vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) that reside in the blood vessel wall endothelium. VESCs constitute a small subpopulation within CD117+ (c-kit+) ECs capable of undergoing clonal expansion while other ECs have a very limited proliferative capacity. Isolated VESCs can produce tens of millions of endothelial daughter cells in vitro. A single transplanted c-kit-expressing VESC by the phenotype lin-CD31+CD105+Sca1+CD117+ can generate in vivo functional blood vessels that connect to host circulation. VESCs also have long-term self-renewal capacity, a defining functional property of adult stem cells. To provide functional verification on the role of c-kit in VESCs, we show that a genetic deficit in endothelial c-kit expression markedly decreases total colony-forming VESCs. In vivo, c-kit expression deficit resulted in impaired EC proliferation and angiogenesis and retardation of tumor growth. Isolated VESCs could be used in cell-based therapies for cardiovascular repair to restore tissue vascularization after ischemic events. VESCs also provide a novel cellular target to block pathological angiogenesis and cancer growth.
Antibacterial poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels from combined epoxy‐amine and thiol‐ene click reaction (2015)

ABSTRACT Antibacterial hydrogels containing quaternary ammonium (QA) groups were prepared via a facile thiol‐ene “click” reaction using multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The multifunctional PEG polymers were prepared by an epoxy‐amine ring opening reaction. The chemical and physical properties of the hydrogels could be tuned with different crosslinking structures and crosslinking densities. The antibacterial hydrogel structures prepared from PEG Pendant QA were less well‐defined than those from PEG Chain‐End QA. Furthermore, functionalization of the PEG‐type hydrogels with QA groups produced strong antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus , and therefore has the potential to be used as an anti‐infective material for biomedical devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 656–667
Selective Diphosphorylation, Dithiodiphosphorylation, Triphosphorylation, and Trithiotriphosphorylation of Unprotected Carbohydrates and Nucleosides (2005)

[chemical reaction: see text]. Aminomethyl polystyrene resin-bound linkers of p-acetoxybenzyl alcohol were subjected to reactions with diphosphitylating and triphosphitylating reagents to yield the corresponding polymer-bound diphosphitylating and triphosphitylating reagents, respectively. A number of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides were reacted with the polymer-bound reagents. Oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide or sulfurization with Beaucage's reagent, followed by removal of cyanoethoxy group with DBU and the acidic cleavage, respectively, afforded only one type of monosubstituted nucleoside and carbohydrate diphosphates, dithiodiphosphates, triphosphates, and trithiotriphosphates with high regioselectivity.