gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implantable, Transcutaneously Powered Neurostimulator System to Restore Gastrointestinal Motility (2005)

This neurostimulator design addresses a deficiency in a promising new method for imposing a pre-designed and electrically-invoked motility patterns in the gastrointestinal (Gl) tract. Sequential Neural Gastrointestinal Stimulation (SNGES) has been shown to be effective in artificially restoring the motility of the stomach and the colon. However, the availability of an implantable device to implement this innovative stimulation protocol has been lacking. The work presented in this paper was aimed at designing a transcutaneously powered implantable device to facilitate SNGES testing. Discrete electrical components and a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) were used to rapidly prototype the neurostimulator. Transcutaneous Energy Transfer (TET) powered the device to eliminate the need for an implantable battery. This research resulted in the design, implementation, and testing of an innovative transcutaneously powered device that is small and safe enough to be chronically implanted in experimental animals or humans. The device conforms to the stimulation algorithm used in the SNGES method for restoring GI motility. A detailed design procedure addresses key issues such as charge balance, tissue heating, and biocompatibility. This design procedure lays the foundation for the future architecture of a mixed-signal ASIC based neurostimulator that would lead to further minimization of power consumption and size.
Monoclonal antibodies against avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: identification of strain-specific and strain-common epitopes. (1986)

We report the generation and partial characterization of a panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies (MCA) made against the nondefective strain T reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), nine MCA cross-reacted with both homologous strain T and heterologous strain chick syncytial virus (CS), whereas two MCA were strain specific and reacted with strain T but not with CS. Competitive antibody inhibitory ELISA tests demonstrated that the nine MCA recognized at least two distinct type-common epitopes. By using MCA-mediated immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, we identified a 62,000 dalton glycoprotein that may contain both type-common epitopes and a 21,000 dalton glycoprotein that contains one of these epitopes. The competitive antibody inhibitory ELISA tests confirmed that the remaining two MCA recognize a strain T-specific epitope. We identified a 54,000 to 72,000 dalton glycoprotein that contains the type-specific epitope. All of the MCA reacted in an ELISA assay with cell-free virus preparations, suggesting that the polypeptides we identified are virion envelope glycoproteins. To identify the nonglycosylated precursor proteins, we treated infected cells with tunicamycin. We found a 48,000 polypeptide that was the nonglycosylated precursor to the 54,000 to 72,000 glycoprotein, and 48,000 and 20,000 dalton proteins that were the nonglycosylated precursors to the 62,000 and 21,000 dalton glycoproteins, respectively. These MCA may be of value in the field. They were able to distinguish in preliminary tests in ELISA between strains T and CS, which were otherwise undistinguishable in assays that made use of conventional polyvalent serum.
Ranging Signal Designs for MIMO-OFDMA Systems (2008)

In this paper, we propose new ranging signal designs for time-division duplexing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. Exploiting the channel knowledge from the downlink channel together with initial power control, we develop three ranging transmission schemes which provide multiuser and multi-antenna diversity gains and significant power saving for the subscriber stations. The advantages of the proposed approach over existing methods in terms of ranging performance, energy saving, and complexity saving are illustrated by analytical and simulation results.
Wavelength independency of spatially multiplexed communication channels in standard multimode optical fibers (2016)

Spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), also known as space division multiplexing, adds a new degree of photon freedom to existing optical fiber multiplexing techniques by allocating separate radial locations to different channels of the same wavelength as a function of the input launch angle. These independent MIMO channels remain confined to their designated locations while traversing the length of the carrier fiber owing to helical propagation of light inside the fiber core. As a result, multiple channels of the same wavelength can be supported inside a single optical fiber core, thereby allowing spatial reuse of optical frequencies and multiplication of fiber bandwidth. It also shows that SDM channels of different operating wavelengths continue to follow an output pattern that is based on the input launch angle. As a result, the SDM technique can be used in tandem with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), to achieve higher optical fiber bandwidth through increased photon efficiency and added degrees of photon freedom. This endeavor presents the feasibility of a hybrid optical fiber communication architecture in which the spectral efficiency of the combined system increases by a factor of “n” when each channel of an “n” channel SDM system carries the entire range of WDM spectra.
A Novel (DPmo) Combination Stage for More Efficient Delignification and Bleaching of Hardwood and Softwood Kraft Pulp (2011)

The objective of this study was to evaluate different variations of the combination of a hot chlorine dioxide (D) stage and an acidic, molybdate catalyzed hydrogen peroxide stage (Pmo) and to compare to other state-of-the-art options for a first bleaching stage after oxygen delignification and prior to an alkaline extraction stage. Basic studies were conducted with oxygen delignified eucalyptus Kraft pulp provided by South American pulp mills. Surprisingly and in contrast to previous scientific and patent literature, the (DPmo) process variant (a short hot chlorine dioxide stage followed without intermediate washing by an extended acidic, molybdate catalyzed hydrogen peroxide stage) turned out to be the most effective with regard to kappa number reduction and brightness gain. There was a moderate viscosity loss, which was even smaller than observed in a single D stage. The novel (DPmo) stage outperforms single stages such as a hot acid stage (A), an ozone stage (Z), a Pmo or a D stage. It is also superior to the other possible variations of the combination, i.e. (PmoD) with reversed order or the simultaneous application of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in a Dpmo stage. It was found that a temperature lower than 90 degrees C can be compensated by a higher catalyst concentration and/or an extended retention time. Full bleaching sequences containing the (DPmo) stage were run and compared to corresponding sequences with a single D stage. Significantly less total chlorine dioxide is needed in the (DPmo) combination sequences compared to the conventional bleaching sequence. The savings in chlorine dioxide should easily overcompensate the higher total demand of hydrogen peroxide which is due to the additional use in the combination stage. Measurements of mechanical properties of fully bleached hardwood pulp have shown that the (DPmo) stage does not have a negative impact. First results of bleaching trials with softwood pulp from a New Zealand Kraft pulp mill show a savings potential in chlorine dioxide consumption as well. In contrast to hardwood pulp, conditions for softwood pulp bleaching have to be chosen more carefully in order not to harm the pulp quality. Thanks to a recently developed molybdate recovery and recycle process, the (DPmo) stage has become a viable candidate for existing or future bleaching lines.
In vivo immunostimulating activity of the 163-171 peptide of human IL-1<i>beta</i>. (1987)

The stimulating effect of a synthetic nonapeptide (fragment 163-171) of human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) on antibody responses to both T helper-dependent and T helper-independent antigens was investigated. It was shown that the nonapeptide enhanced the antibody response, as evaluated in the hemolytic plaque assay, of spleen cells from mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The activity of the 163-171 peptide on the primary response to SRBC was dose-dependent, being maximal when the peptide was inoculated at 100 mg/kg together with the antigen. Moreover, the 163-171 peptide was also effective in enhancing the secondary response to SRBC. The effect of the 163-171 peptide was to augment the frequency of cells specific for the antigen, inasmuch as no increase was ever observed in spleen cell numbers after treatment. In all these studies, human recombinant IL-1 beta gave effects qualitatively comparable to those of the 163-171 peptide, with a maximal activity at 20 ng/kg. Both the 163-171 peptide and human recombinant IL-1 beta were also able to enhance the in vivo immune response to a T helper-independent antigen such as SIII, a poorly immunogenic polysaccharidic antigen from Streptococcus pneumoniae type III. It can therefore be proposed that this synthetic nonapeptide of human IL-1 beta may represent a good candidate for use as adjuvant in vaccines.
COMPOSITE PILE: A SUCCESSFUL DRIVE (2003)

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can be used with concrete in hybrid construction, where concrete provides the bulk mass, and the FRP serves as a load-carrying partner and protects the concrete from environmental deterioration. Concrete-filled FRP tubes are hybrid systems that can provide an alternative to conventional concrete piles. Based on their investigation, the authors suggest some requirements for FRP tubes, including: sufficient hoop strength to provide confinement and shear resistance, sufficient axial strength to replace the internal concrete reinforcement, chemical inertness to the alkalis in the concrete core, lack of voids to prevent moisture intrusion, ultraviolet protection for the portion of the tube that will be above ground, rough surface in friction piles and bond with concrete to provide composite action and shear transfer. A field study was conducted to compare the drivability of composite piles to prestressed concrete piles. A steel pile cap was used for the composite pile to ensure that the FRP tube and the concrete would absorb the driving energy together. The hammer drove the composite pile to a depth of 6.8 m and the prestressed pile to a depth of 7.3 m with no signs of damage to either pile. A detailed analysis indicated that the driving stresses of the composite piles were comparable to those seen in the prestressed pile. Blow counts for the composite piles were found to vary somewhat proportionally to the depth of pile in soil, in contrast with the softening observed in the case of the prestressed pile. The difference is attributed to the geometry and surface characteristics of the two types of piles. The end bearing area and the friction surface of the composite pile are both about 75% of the respective values of the prestressed pile.
59.3: Bridged‐grain (BG) Eximer Laser Annealing (ELA) Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistors (TFTs) (2011)

Abstract A new technique bridged‐grain (BG) was introduced. Using this BG eximer laser annealing (ELA) poly‐Si as an active layer, the grain boundary effects can be reduced. Important electrical properties such as sub‐threshold swing, threshold voltage, maximum field effect mobility, leakage current, on‐off ratio and device uniformity across the substrate can all be improved using the present technique. The improvement can be achieved at low cost, thus making inexpensive, high performance LTPS TFT a reality.
ACAS (2005)

An accurate mapping of traffic to applications is important for a broad range of network management and measurement tasks. Internet applications have traditionally been identified using well-known default server network-port numbers in the TCP or UDP headers. However this approach has become increasingly inaccurate. An alternate, more accurate technique is to use specific application-level features in the protocol exchange to guide the identification. Unfortunately deriving the signatures manually is very time consuming and difficult.In this paper, we explore automatically extracting application signatures from IP traffic payload content. In particular we apply three statistical machine learning algorithms to automatically identify signatures for a range of applications. The results indicate that this approach is highly accurate and scales to allow online application identification on high speed links. We also discovered that content signatures still work in the presence of encryption. In these cases we were able to derive content signature for unencrypted handshakes negotiating the encryption parameters of a particular connection.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRODEPOSITION OF COBALT USING AN INSOLUBLE ANODE (1977)

Abstract Es wird eine Methode entwickelt, bei der Co unter Verwendung einer unlöslichen Anode (Pt) elektrochemisch abgeschieden werden kann, ohne daß Bildung von Co3"‐Ionen und C0203 an der Anode auftreten.
Electrochemical determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and hemolysis. (1987)

Novel electrochemical methods have been developed for determination of total hemoglobin, hematocrit, and detection of hemolysis in whole blood. Hemoglobin is measured through its peroxidase activity, a fluoride ion-selective electrode being used to monitor the rate of fluoride ion production from the oxidation of an organofluorine compound. Results agree well with those obtained with the cyanmethemoglobin method (r = 0.970). Hematocrit is determined from the ratio of the sodium ion concentrations measured with an ion-selective electrode before and after lysis of the erythrocytes. Results by this and the microhematocrit method correlated well (r = 0.987). Hemolysis in a whole-blood sample is detected by using an oxygen electrode to measure the oxygen released when hemoglobin in plasma is oxidized.
A novel solvothermal approach to synthesize SAPO molecular sieves using organic amines as the solvent and template (2012)

A novel solvothermal synthesis route designated as aminothermal synthesis, in which organic amines are used as both the dispersing medium and the template, is developed for the synthesis of SAPO molecular sieves. Three synthetic systems based on triethylamine (TEA), diethylamine (DEA) and TEA-DEA binary mixture were studied. SAPO-34 with good crystallinity and high yield (ca. 90%) was successfully synthesized from TEA and TEA-DEA systems. By adjusting the crystallization temperature, SAPO-18 was for the first time obtained using TEA template. In the case of DEA, a small-pore molecular sieve DNL-6 with RHO topology was synthesized. In an attempt to make the synthetic process environmentally benign and reduce the waste emission, organic liquid was collected after the synthesis of SAPO-34 and reused in next crystallization. It was found that the crystalline product and yield were almost the same as those synthesized with fresh amines. Moreover, CO2 and CH4 were chosen as the probe molecules to investigate the adsorption properties of products. SAPO molecular sieves synthesized by aminothermal method exhibited good adsorption capacities and high CO2/CH4 ratios.
Intracellular signals mediated by crosslinking Monocyte PECAM promote transendothelial migration in the presence of a transmigration blockade (2008)

PECAM is known to play an important role in the transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium, yet the molecular mechanisms behind this process remain to be elucidated, particularly regarding PECAM on the leukocyte. Inhibiting the homophilic interaction between leukocyte PECAM and endothelial PECAM using blocking antibodies has been shown to reduce leukocyte transmigration. Using an in vitro system, we show that we can overcome a block of transmigration mediated by either anti‐PECAM or anti‐CD99 by cross‐linking PECAM on the surfaces of the arrested monocytes. Crosslinking CD99, another protein involved in monocyte transmigration, did not reverse the inhibition. We found no evidence of a soluble factor released from leukocytes that may explain these results, as pre‐conditioned media from PECAM crosslinked leukocytes did not reverse the transmigration block. This leads us to postulate that crosslinking leukocyte PECAM induces intracellular signals that are important for transmigration and bypasses the requirement for homophilic PECAM interaction. Crosslinking PECAM on monocytes induces a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins as well as a src and tyrosine kinase‐dependent increase in intracellular calcium and F‐actin content. This is the first evidence that leukocyte PECAM plays an active role in transmigration beyond the requirement for homophilic engagement.
A Model Driven Approach to Building Domain Specific Search Engines (2021)

In many application domains, general purpose search engines are not very effective as they are not designed for deep processing of semantic relations present in these domains. They need a search engine that understands domain concepts and relations. However, building a domain specific search engine is a non-trivial task. To build an effective search engine, it is not only the text processing technologies that one has to master, one also has to understand the nuances of domain entities and their relationships. Domain knowledge such as generalization hierarchies, relation types, cardinalities, property value types, units, ranges, etc., play a key role in understanding the text. To achieve right accuracy levels, these domain specific nuances have to be encoded into text processing algorithms. Developing a search engine that takes all this into account requires substantial time and effort. To address this, we present a model driven approach to realize domain specific search engines. We propose a metamodel to specify a domain in terms of concepts, relations and their extraction models. An information extraction component interprets this metamodel to access the domain model and the information contained in it. It uses this information to determine what entities, relations and properties need to be extracted, what extraction models to use for the same, and how to resolve the ambiguities that arise from the text processing stage. We also show how a domain specific query language interface can be generated from the domain model. We discuss the results of applying the proposed approach on two domains: materials science and urban mining. The model driven approach results in substantial savings in development efforts.
Effect of additives on the microstructure and thermal properties of a mica‐based glass‐ceramic (2002)

Previous work has shown that lithium mica glass-ceramics were excellent potential candidates as dental ceramics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various additives on the microstructure and thermal properties of a mica glass-ceramic in the system Li(2)O-K(2)O-SiO(2)-MgO-F. Five glass compositions were prepared: a base composition and four compositions with various additives. The compositions were melted at 1400 C for 2 h and cast into 50 x 8 mm ingots. Differential thermal analyses were performed on the glasses up to 1400 C. Bars (4 x 8 x 25 mm) were cut from the ingots and heat treated at various temperatures. The crystalline phases were analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The percent crystallinity, crystal density, and average particle size were calculated from stereology measurements. X-ray diffraction revealed that the major crystalline phase was taeniolite for all glass-ceramics. Differential thermal analyses showed that the crystallization exotherm occurred in the temperature range 600--700 C. The addition of calcium fluoride was most efficient in promoting the growth of mica crystals. Larger mica plate diameter could be beneficial to the crack-propagation resistance of the glass-ceramic. The addition of aluminum phosphate promoted nucleation rather than crystal growth and led to a significantly lower glass transition temperature and crystallization exotherm temperature.
Andrology: Prevention of osmotic injury to human spermatozoa during addition and removal of glycerol* (1995)

Use of a cryoprotective agent is indispensable to prevent injury to human spermatozoa during the cryopreservation process. However, addition of cryoprotective agents to spermatozoa before cooling and their removal after warming may create severe osmotic stress for the cells, resulting in injury. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the degree (or magnitude) of human sperm volume excursion can be used as an independent indicator to evaluate and predict possible osmotic injury to spermatozoa during the addition and removal of cryoprotective agents. Glycerol was used as a model cryoprotective agent in the present study. To test this hypothesis, first the tolerance limits of spermatozoa to swelling in hypo-osmotic solutions (iso-osmotic medium diluted with water) and to shrinkage in hyperosmotic solutions (iso-osmotic medium with sucrose) were determined. Sperm plasma membrane integrity was measured by fluorescent staining, and sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis before, during and after the anisosomotic exposure. The result indicate firstly that motility was much more sensitive to anisosmotic conditions than membrane integrity, and secondly that motility was substantially more sensitive to hypotonic than to hypertonic conditions. Based on the experimental data, osmotic injury as a function of sperm volume excursion (swelling or shrinking) was determined. The second step, using these sperm volume excursion limits and previously measured glycerol and water permeability coefficients of human spermatozoa, was to predict, by computer simulation, the cell osmotic injury caused by different procedures for the addition and removal of glycerol. The predicted sperm injury was confirmed by experiment. Based on this study, an analytical methodology has been developed for predicting optimal protocols to reduce osmotic injury associated with the addition and removal of hypertonic concentrations of glycerol in human spermatozoa.
Dual-Element Tunneling Accelerometer (1994)

Improved micromachined tunneling accelerometer contains two deflecting transducer elements: One an elastically supported proof mass having relatively low resonant frequency; other cantilever tunneling transducer that tracks displacement of proof mass and has relatively high resonant frequency ({sup a} 10 kHz). Deflection voltage generated by circuit like described in Wideband Feedback Circuit for Tunneling Sensor (NPO-18866). Accelerometers of this type suited for underwater acoustic measurements, detecting vibrations associated with malfunctions in vehicles, detecting seismic signals, monitoring and controlling vibrations in structures, and other applications.
Molecular characterization of cytolethal distending toxin gene-positive Escherichia coli from healthy cattle and swine in Nara, Japan (2014)

Our results suggest that healthy cattle and swine could be the reservoir of CTEC, and they could be a potential source of human infections.
High‐Performance Solid‐State Supercapacitors and Microsupercapacitors Derived from Printable Graphene Inks (2016)

Solid-state supercapacitors and micro­supercapacitors are fabricated from a pristine graphene ink by solution casting and inkjet printing. The devices exhibit high performance, with a volumetric device capacitance up to 17.8 F cm−3. With a simple fabrication process and robust tolerance to mechanical deformation, this work represents a promising technology for low-cost, portable, and flexible energy storage.