gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of remission in patients with acute myeloid leukemia without prolonged myelosuppression using diphtheria toxin-interleukin 3 fusion protein (2007)

7068 The recombinant diphtheria toxin fusion protein, DT388IL3, composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DT388) fused to human interleukin-3 (IL3) showed selective cytotoxicity to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells both in vitro and in vivo and was prepared for a phase I clinical study (Urieto, Protein Exp Purif 33, 123, 2004). FDA approval (BB IND#11314) and IRB approvals were obtained. Seventy-five AML patients were screened and thirty-one patients treated. The median age of treated patients was 62 years (range, 25- 81 years). There were sixteen males and fifteen females. Disease was de novo in three, first relapse in ten, second relapse in eight, and refractory in ten patients. Four patients had a history of MDS, and one had a history of secondary AML. One patient each had previously received an autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant. Cytogenetics were unfavorable in ten, intermediate in nineteen, and not done in two. Seven patients were treated with 4 μg/kg, eight patients were treated with 5.3 μg/kg, thirteen patients treated with 7.1 μg/kg, and three patients treated with 9.4 μg/kg DT388IL3. Drug-related toxicities were mild to moderate and transient including fever, chills, hypotension, hypoxemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Consistent with an absence of toxicity to normal hematopoietic progenitors, responses occurred in the absence of prolonged myelosuppression. Among thirty evaluable patients, we have observed one CR of 8 months duration, two partial remissions (PRs) lasting one and three months and three minimal responses with clearance of peripheral blasts and marrow blast cytoreductions of 89%, 90% and 93% lasting one to two months. Dose escalation is proceeding. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements of diamond films grown on platinum (111) (1997)

Diamond films of various thicknesses (1.5–12 μm) deposited on Pt (111) by microwave enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and x-ray diffraction pole figure measurements. The dependence of the surface morphology and structure of the films on the film thickness were investigated. It was observed by SEM that the coalescence between neighboring (111) diamond surface became more significant as the film thickness increased. It was revealed by the x-ray diffraction measurements that the 〈111〉 texture of the diamond films improved with increasing film thickness, whereas azimuthal alignment of the crystals was roughly independent of the film thickness. It was also found that the deposited films contained epitaxial diamond crystals which were azimuthally rotated by 60° about the [111] axis of the samples. With increasing film thickness, the ratio of the 60°-rotated crystals to nonrotated crystals increased, which is primarily attributed to twin formation during growth of the CVD diamond on its (111) surface.
Clinical brain MR imaging prescriptions in Talairach space: technologist- and computer-driven methods. (2003)

Brain MR prescriptions corrected for direct roll, yaw, and Talairach AC-PC pitch can be readily achieved by trained technologists or automated computer algorithms. This ability will substantially reduce interpatient variance, allow better approximation of standard CT angulation, and yield more efficient brain coverage than that of routine clinical axial imaging.
Photoluminescence recombination centers in ZnO (2006)

Abstract We have studied the effects of (i) impurity doping, (ii) rapid thermal annealing, and (iii) crystal polarity control on photoluminescence spectra in the band‐edge emission region of high quality ZnO. As a result, we have discussed the possible lattice defects responsible for some photoluminescence emission peaks, namely (i) peak I 8 appears at 3.3596 eV, (ii) peak I 9 appears at 3.3565 eV and (iii) peak G appears at 3.3327 eV. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antigenicity and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide derived from a glucan-binding domain of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase (1993)

The immunogenicity and antigenicity of a multiply antigenic peptide construct containing four copies of the synthetic peptide TGAQTIKGQKLYFKANGQQVKG were measured in rodents and humans, respectively. The composition of this peptide construct (termed GLU) was derived from a major repeating sequence in the C-terminal region of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferases that synthesize water-insoluble glucan (GTF-I). The GLU peptide elicited high levels of serum immunoglobulin G antibody to GLU after subcutaneous injection into Sprague-Dawley rats. These antisera also reacted with intact GTF isozymes from Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and Western blot [immunoblot] analyses) and with an 87-kDa glucan-binding protein from S. sobrinus (by Western blot). The synthesis of filter-retained glucan by GTF-Sd of S. sobrinus could be inhibited (30%) by preincubation with anti-GLU rat serum. Splenic and lymph node lymphocytes from rats injected once with S. sobrinus GTF isozymes demonstrated significant proliferation after 5 days of culture with GLU. The GLU peptide reacted with 4 of 29 human parotid saliva samples and 5 of 29 human serum samples (by ELISA). These results suggest that the GLU peptide contains B- and T-cell epitopes that are similar to those of intact mutans streptococcal GTFs and possibly certain other glucan-binding proteins as well. Furthermore, since antibody to this epitope(s) appears to inhibit GTF function, sequences within this peptide construct may have value for inclusion in a synthetic dental caries vaccine.
Piezo-phototronic effect and its applications in flexible optoelectronic and energy technologies (2011)

Electronics fabricated by using inner crystal piezopotential as a "gate" voltage to tune/control the charge transport behavior is named piezotronics, with applications in strain/force/pressure triggered/controlled electronic devices, sensors and logic units. Piezo-phototronic effect is a result of three-way coupling among piezoelectricity, photonic excitation and semiconductor transport, which allows tuning and controlling of electro-optical processes by strain induced piezopotential. The objective of this talk is to introduce the fundamentals of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics and to give an updated progress about their applications in energy science and sensors.
Speaker adaptation using discriminative linear regression on time-varying mean parameters in trended HMM (1998)

In this letter, we report our recent work on applications of the combined maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) and the minimum classification error training (MCE) approach to estimating the time-varying polynomial Gaussian mean functions in the trended hidden Markov model (HMM). We call this integrated approach the minimum classification error linear regression (MCELR), which has been developed and implemented in speaker adaptation experiments using TI46 corpora. Results show that the adaptation of linear regression on time-varying mean parameters is always better when fewer than three adaptation tokens are used.
Multidrug Resistance Protein (1998)

Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) is a broad specificity, primary active transporter of organic anion conjugates that confers a multidrug resistance phenotype when transfected into drug-sensitive cells. The protein was the first example of a subgroup of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily whose members have three membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) and two nucleotide binding domains. The role(s) of the third MSD of MRP and its related transporters is not known. To begin to address this question, we examined the ability of various MRP fragments, expressed individually and in combination, to transport the MRP substrate, leukotriene C4 (LTC4). We found that elimination of the entire NH2-terminal MSD or just the first putative transmembrane helix, or substitution of the MSD with the comparable region of the functionally and structurally related transporter, the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT/MRP2), had little effect on protein accumulation in the membrane. However, all three modifications decreased LTC4 transport activity by at least 90%. Transport activity could be reconstituted by co-expression of the NH2-terminal MSD with a fragment corresponding to the remainder of the MRP molecule, but this required both the region encoding the transmembrane helices of the NH2-terminal MSD and the cytoplasmic region linking it to the next MSD. In contrast, a major part of the cytoplasmic region linking the NH2-proximal nucleotide binding domain of the protein to the COOH-proximal MSD was not required for active transport of LTC4.
Error-resilient video compression through the use of multiple states (2002)

Video compression enables a number of applications by reducing the required bit rate needed to represent a video sequence, however the compressed video is much more susceptible to errors such as bit errors or packet loss. Conventional video compression standards employ an architecture which we refer to as single-state systems since they have a prediction loop with a single state (e.g. the previous decoded frame) which if lost or corrupted can lead to the loss or severe degradation of all subsequent frames until the state is reinitialized (the prediction is refreshed). We combat this problem of incorrect state and error propagation at the decoder by coding the video into multiple independently decodable streams, each with its own prediction process and state, such that if one stream is lost the other streams can still be used to produce usable video. The correctly received streams provide improved error concealment and, more importantly, enable faster state recovery for the lost stream. This approach is conceptually similar to multiple description coding, however it differs in the representation used for each description as well as its use of state recovery.
Tetradentate C<sup>∧</sup>C<sup>∧</sup>N<sup>∧</sup>N Ligand-Containing Gold(III) Complexes with Orange to Deep-Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) and Their Application in Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2023)

A new class of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) tetradentate C<sup>∧</sup>C<sup>∧</sup>N<sup>∧</sup>N ligand-containing gold(III) complexes containing acridinyl moieties has been designed and synthesized. These complexes exhibit orange-red to deep-red emission with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 0.76 in solid-state thin films. Short excited-state lifetimes of ≤2.0 μs and large radiative decay rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>r</sub>) in the order of 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> have also been found in the complexes. High-performance solution-processed and vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on these complexes have been fabricated, demonstrating high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.2 and 12.7%, respectively, which are among the best values ever reported for red-emitting gold(III)-based OLEDs. In addition, satisfactory operational half-lifetime (LT<sub>50</sub>) values of up to 34,058 h have been attained in these red-emitting devices. It is found that the operational stability is strongly dependent on the choice of functional groups on the acridinyl moieties, of which the incorporation of -O- and -S- linkers can effectively prolong the LT<sub>50</sub> value by an order of magnitude. The TADF properties of the complexes are substantiated by the hypsochromic shift in emission energies and the remarkable enhancement in the emission intensity upon increasing temperature. The TADF properties have also been supported by temperature-dependent ultrafast transient absorption studies, with the direct observation of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and the determination of the activation parameters for the very first time, together with their excited-state dynamics.
Detecting femur fractures by texture analysis of trabeculae (2004)

30% of women and 13% of men worldwide suffer from osteoporotic bone fractures worldwide. In large hospitals, doctors need to visually inspect a large number of X-ray images to identify the fracture cases, which typically constitute about 12% of all the X-ray images examined. Automated fracture detection can help to screen for obvious cases and flag suspicious cases for closer examinations. This paper describes a method of detecting femur fractures by analyzing trabecular texture patterns. Test results show that it is more accurate than an existing method based on neck-shaft angle. Moreover, combining the methods further improve the overall performance of fracture detection.
Hybrid Device Employing Three-Dimensional Arrays of MnO in Carbon Nanosheets Bridges Battery–Supercapacitor Divide (2014)

It is a challenge to meld the energy of secondary batteries with the power of supercapacitors. Herein, we created electrodes finely tuned for this purpose, consisting of a monolayer of MnO nanocrystallites mechanically anchored by pore-surface terminations of 3D arrays of graphene-like carbon nanosheets ("3D-MnO/CNS"). The biomass-derived carbon nanosheets should offer a synthesis cost advantage over comparably performing designer nanocarbons, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes. High Li storage capacity is achieved by bulk conversion and intercalation reactions, while high rates are maintained through stable ∼20 nm scale diffusion distances. For example, 1332 mAh g(-1) is reached at 0.1 A g(-1), 567 mAh g(-1) at 5 A g(-1), and 285 mAh g(-1) at 20 A g(-1) with negligible degradation at 500 cycles. We employed 3D-MnO/CNS (anode) and carbon nanosheets (cathode) to create a hybrid capacitor displaying among the most promising performances reported: based on the active materials, it delivers 184 Wh kg(-1) at 83 W kg(-1) and 90 Wh kg(-1) at 15 000 W kg(-1) with 76% capacity retention after 5000 cycles.
Inferring Tree Causal Models of Cancer Progression with Probability Raising (2014)

Existing techniques to reconstruct tree models of progression for accumulative processes, such as cancer, seek to estimate causation by combining correlation and a frequentist notion of temporal priority. In this paper, we define a novel theoretical framework called CAPRESE (CAncer PRogression Extraction with Single Edges) to reconstruct such models based on the notion of probabilistic causation defined by Suppes. We consider a general reconstruction setting complicated by the presence of noise in the data due to biological variation, as well as experimental or measurement errors. To improve tolerance to noise we define and use a shrinkage-like estimator. We prove the correctness of our algorithm by showing asymptotic convergence to the correct tree under mild constraints on the level of noise. Moreover, on synthetic data, we show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art, that it is efficient even with a relatively small number of samples and that its performance quickly converges to its asymptote as the number of samples increases. For real cancer datasets obtained with different technologies, we highlight biologically significant differences in the progressions inferred with respect to other competing techniques and we also show how to validate conjectured biological relations with progression models.
Automatic Cell Segmentation and Nuclear-to-Cytoplasmic Ratio Analysis for Third Harmonic Generated Microscopy Medical Images (2013)

Traditional biopsy procedures require invasive tissue removal from a living subject, followed by time-consuming and complicated processes, so noninvasive in vivo virtual biopsy, which possesses the ability to obtain exhaustive tissue images without removing tissues, is highly desired. Some sets of in vivo virtual biopsy images provided by healthy volunteers were processed by the proposed cell segmentation approach, which is based on the watershed-based approach and the concept of convergence index filter for automatic cell segmentation. Experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm not only reveals high accuracy for cell segmentation but also has dramatic potential for noninvasive analysis of cell nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (NC ratio), which is important in identifying or detecting early symptoms of diseases with abnormal NC ratios, such as skin cancers during clinical diagnosis via medical imaging analysis.
Recent Developments in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Flow Measurements (1984)

All instruments used to produce nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images have a number of common features. A strong, uniform, and stable magnetic field has to be imposed through the subject. This field has to be varied in space and time to define the location of pixels in the image. A radio frequency magnetic field is applied to excite the nuclei. The radiofrequency signal from the nuclei is detected and its strength determines the intensities of the pixels in the image. The imaging process, data acquisition, and display are all controlled by computers. Within this general structure many options exist for collecting the data necessary for image reconstruction. Areas of recent improvement include increased numbers of slices in a given time, finer spatial resolution and sensitivity to blood flow.
Accelerating Hessian-free optimization for deep neural networks by\n implicit preconditioning and sampling (2013)

Hessian-free training has become a popular parallel second or- der\noptimization technique for Deep Neural Network training. This study aims at\nspeeding up Hessian-free training, both by means of decreasing the amount of\ndata used for training, as well as through reduction of the number of Krylov\nsubspace solver iterations used for implicit estimation of the Hessian. In this\npaper, we develop an L-BFGS based preconditioning scheme that avoids the need\nto access the Hessian explicitly. Since L-BFGS cannot be regarded as a\nfixed-point iteration, we further propose the employment of flexible Krylov\nsubspace solvers that retain the desired theoretical convergence guarantees of\ntheir conventional counterparts. Second, we propose a new sampling algorithm,\nwhich geometrically increases the amount of data utilized for gradient and\nKrylov subspace iteration calculations. On a 50-hr English Broadcast News task,\nwe find that these methodologies provide roughly a 1.5x speed-up, whereas, on a\n300-hr Switchboard task, these techniques provide over a 2.3x speedup, with no\nloss in WER. These results suggest that even further speed-up is expected, as\nproblems scale and complexity grows.\n
Ultra‐Small Fatty Acid‐Stabilized Magnetite Nanocolloids Synthesized by <i>In Situ</i> Hydrolytic Precipitation (2015)

Simple, fast, large‐scale, and cost‐effective preparation of uniform controlled magnetic nanoparticles remains a major hurdle on the way towards magnetically targeted applications at realistic technical conditions. Herein, we present a unique one‐pot approach that relies on simple basic hydrolytic in situ coprecipitation of inexpensive metal salts (Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ) compartmentalized by stabilizing fatty acids and aided by the presence of alkylamines. The synthesis was performed at relatively low temperatures (~80°C) without the use of high‐boiling point solvents and elevated temperatures. This method allowed for the production of ultra‐small, colloidal, and hydrophobically stabilized magnetite metal oxide nanoparticles readily dispersed in organic solvents. The results reveal that the obtained magnetite nanoparticles exhibit narrow size distributions, good monodispersities, high saturation magnetizations, and excellent colloidal stabilities. When the [fatty acid] : [Fe] ratio was varied, control over nanoparticle diameters within the range of 2–10 nm was achieved. The amount of fatty acid and alkylamine used during the reaction proved critical in governing morphology, dispersity, uniformity, and colloidal stability. Upon exchange with water‐soluble polymers, the ultra‐small sized particles become biologically relevant, with great promise for theranostic applications as imaging and magnetically targeted delivery vehicles.
Epitaxial growth of ferroelectric bismuth titanate thin films by pulsed laser deposition (1990)

Epitaxial thin films of ferroelectric bismuth titanate Bi4Ti3O12 have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal [100] SrTiO3 substrates. Bismuth titanate has a high Curie temperature (675 °C) and saturation polarization values of 4 and 50 μC/cm2 along the c and b axis, respectively. Its a,b lattice parameters allow thin-film growth on substrates such as SrTiO3, LaAlO3, MgO, etc. These single crystalline films exhibit good quality as evidenced by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Applications for these films include memory devices and optical displays.
Ultrathin nonlinear metasurfaces with continuous phase control at the nanoscale (2016)

We describe a novel class of ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces able to provide nonlinear conversion efficiencies many orders of magnitude larger than any other nonlinear flat setup previously reported. This large efficiency is achieved over subwavelength thickness, avoiding the use of cumbersome phase matching techniques. In addition, we show how such metasurfaces can be designed to provide full control over the local phase of the generated signals, opening exciting prospects for creating nonlinear reflect- and transmittarrays able to tailor the emerging wavefronts at will, with direct application in light bending, focusing, and communication systems.
Defect engineering via surfaces for metal-oxide electronics (2014)

Recent advances are presented relating to methods for engineering the behavior of point defects in oxide semiconductors like rutile TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and ZnO. Self-diffusion experiments, supported by continuum computations, show that surfaces exert profound effects on defects within the bulk through two distinct mechanisms involving surface chemical bond exchange and electrostatics. Such effects are especially pronounced in confined geometries such as thin films, small particles and nanowires with high surface/volume ratios.
Partitioning of human and sheep forms of the pathogenic prion protein during the purification of therapeutic proteins from human plasma (2002)

These data demonstrate that human prions, including vCJD prions, can be removed during the purification of human therapeutic proteins and indicate that partitioning of human prions is similar to that observed in the hamster scrapie model.