gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal atlas selection using image similarities in a trained regression model to predict performance (2012)

An atlas in the context of atlas-based segmentation refers to a pre-selected image with labelled anatomical regions of interest. Atlas-based segmentation is the propagation of these labels to a novel image after both images have been registered. The goal of an atlas is to be representative of an anatomical category, but in practice there exists variability in human anatomy. One solution to maintain consistent segmentation accuracies is to use multiple atlases, with a system for selecting the most appropriate atlas at the time of segmentation. This paper describes a method for selecting an atlas using a linear regression model to predict the segmentation accuracy based on image similarity measures. It goes further to present an offline method for automatically selecting a set of atlases, representative of the training set to be used during segmentation; all of this illustrated by segmentation of the heart and kidneys in 3D CT images.
P-138: Polarizing Light Waveguide Plate (2016)

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are widely used for mobile devices. They are usually edgelit that a LED light source is installed at the edge of the displays and the produced light is spread out through a light waveguide plate to illuminate the display. We developed a polarizing light waveguide plate from polymer stabilized nematic liquid crystal. It can convert unpolarized light from the edgelight into linearly polarized light by selective scattering. It can greatly increase the light efficiency of edgelit LCDs.
Simulation and Fabrication of Novel Polymeric Tunneling Sensor by Hot Embossing Technique (2002)

This paper reports the simulation and fabrication of novel polymer-based tunneling sensors by hot embossing technique, one of the advanced polymer microfabrication technologies. ANSYS is the software tools used to simulate the mechanical microstructures of the polymer tunneling sensors. Following the optimum design of the sensors, the mold inserts of hot embossing are fabricated by anodic bonding of glass disk 5 mm think and silicon wafer, with high-aspect-ratio microstructures by ICP etching. Main structures of polymer-based tunneling sensors are hot embossed on PMMA, followed by plastic bonding to form lateral tunneling sensor platform.
Atrioventricular Synchronous Pacing Using a Leadless Ventricular Pacemaker (2019)

Accelerometer-based atrial sensing with an automated, enhanced algorithm significantly improved AV synchrony in patients with sinus rhythm and AV block who were implanted with a leadless ventricular pacemaker. (Micra Atrial Tracking Using a Ventricular Accelerometer 2 [MARVEL 2]; NCT03752151).
Characterization of instrumentation and calibrators for quantitative microfluorometry for immunofluorescence tests (1989)

The current method for measuring reagents for immunofluorescence microscopy involves a subjective evaluation of the endpoint (titer) with a negative or positive (1+ to 4+) scale. Variability is due to the biological constituents of the reagent, the observer, and the instrumentation. To have reliable methods for evaluation of performance of these products, we are developing a quantitative method that uses photometric measurements of microscopically observed epifluorescence of slide preparations. A computer-controlled microscope-photometer converts the light intensity into a voltage measurement. Our goal is to replace the subjective endpoint determination with an objective, quantitative method. The instrumentation and its operating characteristics are presented in this paper. Selected commercially available fluorescent materials were evaluated as calibrators for the instrumentation. These materials showed consistency in measurement and thus demonstrated their suitability for various levels of calibration. It is possible that they will prove useful as a reference standard for interlaboratory comparisons.
A Quantitative Basis for Rocking Curve Measurement of Highly Oriented Polycrystalline Thin Films (2004)

A quantitative basis for rocking curve measurements of preferentially oriented polycrystalline thin films is presented. The Gaussian function is used for modeling the preferred orientation of crystallites around the plane normal of the specimen surface. A theoretical rocking curve is fitted to the observed curve by the least-squares method, and the degree of preferred orientation, given in volume fraction, can be derived from a refined preferred orientation parameter of the distribution function even when the preferred orientation is very small. Uses of diffractometers equipped with parallel-beam optics and the integrated intensity rather than peak intensity are important for reliable rocking curve measurement.
Photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals for fingerprint detection. (2000)

The concept of utilizing photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals for latent fingerprint detection, especially in concert with phase-resolved imaging for background fluorescence suppression, is reduced to practice with CdS nanocrystals that are capped with dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The nanocrystals are dissolved in heptane or hexane and are applied in much the same way as staining with fluorescent dye, on articles that have been pre-fumed with cyanoacrylate ester and also on the sticky side of electrical tape without pre-fuming. Since CdS can form a photoluminescent nanocomposite with dendrimers, a feasibility examination of dendrimer tagging of fingerprints has also been conducted.
An Inverse Stratigraphic Simulation Model – Is Stratigraphic Inversion Possible? (1996)

Inversion is a systematic method of determining values of process parameters of a forward model that allow a match between observed and modeled data. Historically, geologists have considered the stratigraphic record to be nonunique. That is, geologists have assumed that it is impossible to determine values for and separate stratigraphic process variables such as eustasy, tectonics and sediment supply that operated to form the stratigraphic record. If stratigraphic data are nonunique, then inversion of stratigraphic data is impossible. In an influential paper. Burton et al. (1987) argued that inversion of stratigraphic data using a stratigraphic forward model is not possible. The purpose of this study was to determine if inversion of stratigraphic data using a stratigraphic forward model is theoretically possible. In this study, we designed a stratigraphic inverse simulation model using a forward stratigraphic model capable of simulating realistic temporal and spatial distributions of fades tracts and stratigraphic surfaces. For numerical optimization, we used a gradient descent method that minimizes errors in the least squares sense. We tested this inverse model on synthetic stratigraphic data which act as a proxy for real-world stratigraphic data, to test multiple aspects of the inverse model. In these experiments, we inverted synthetic stratigraphic data for eustasy, sediment supply, tectonic subsidence, lithosphere flexural rigidity, and initial basin topography. Results from these inversion experiments establish that inversion of stratigraphic data is theoretically possible. We determined limits of convergence, degrees of parameter separatability, nonuniqueness of data, and types of data necessary for inversion. Results suggest that using distributions of facies tracts and stratigraphic surfaces within a genetic sequence stratigraphic framework is necessary for inversion. Results from inverse model experiments also suggest that nonuniqueness of these data types with respect to stratigraphic process parameters such as eustasy, tectonics, sediment supply and depositional topography is bounded. Moreover, the bounds of nonuniqueness are quite small. The next phase of our research is to first test an inverse algorithm that is more appropriate for stratigraphic inversion, and then to test an inverse stratigraphic model using a real stratigraphic data set.
A Novel Retraction Strip for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (2017)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a well-proven minimally invasive treatment for early gastrointestinal cancer, but its longer procedure time and risk of complications limits its practice. A major limitation of ESD is the lack of a “second hand” that can provide traction. Reliable tissue retraction exposes the submucosa and allows for safer and faster dissection. Current retraction methods are not always able to deliver retraction in the correct direction, or can interfere with scope movement. We have developed a retraction strip that provides retraction in the correct direction throughout the entire ESD procedure without interfering with scope movement. To assess the feasibility and efficiency of our prototype retraction strip we compared ESD with and without the retraction strip in a live porcine model. In our video, we demonstrate first a schematic of the retraction device followed by actual images. We describe how its engineering and design allow it to be easily deployed. We then present a roughly 2 minute video demonstrating retraction-assisted submucosal dissection. We go through the steps of hemoclip deployment followed by submucosal dissection. Ultimately, we provide the results of our live porcine model trial demonstrating the effectiveness of retraction-device assisted ESD. Finally, we offer our final conclusions: our video shows the feasibility and benefits of retraction strip assisted ESD in a live porcine model. Deployment of the device was successful in all cases (only one shown in the video) and it resulted in shorter and easier submucosal dissection. Further development of this technology is warranted. Watch the video: https://goo.gl/Cr8ZGT
OTDR measurement range enhancement through fiber amplification (1990)

Optical time domain reflectometry has now been developed to such an extent that it is difficult to achieve major performance enhancements by traditional methods, i.e., through an increase of transmitter launch power, a decrease in receiver noise level, or more sophisticated signal processing. We demonstrate that by employing semiconductor laser pumped fiber amplifiers, the OTDR measurement range can be increased substantially for all pulse widths (resolutions) of interest. For long distance applications Raman gain in the fiber under test is employed, while for high resolution measurements erbium fiber amplification is incorporated in the OTDR equipment.
Angle-tuned etalon filters for optical channel selection in high density wavelength division multiplexed systems (1989)

Applications are discussed for angle-tuned in-line Fabry-Perot etalons for optical channel selection in a high-density wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) direct-detection fiber system. A typical WDM application (LAMBDANET type) was described. Different demultiplexing techniques and their relative advantages were considered. Design guidelines are given for determining the etalon parameters, the minimum channel spacing and the maximum number of channels for a single etalon and multiple etalons, including stacked identical etalons and stacked nonidentical etalons. Experimental results on using these etalons for optical channel tuning in a multiwavelength WDM optical communication system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
n -type doping of (001)-oriented single-crystalline diamond by phosphorus (2005)

n -type doping of (001)-oriented single-crystalline diamond has been achieved using PH3 as doping gas and applying a newly optimized homoepitaxial growth technique based on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Hall-effect measurements indicate n-type conductivity with highest mobilities of ∼350cm2∕Vs. Phosphorus doping is confirmed by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy.
Optical Techniques For Aiding VLSI Testing (1986)

The use of acousto-optic and electro-optic signal processing for aiding the testing of high speed and/or high density VLSI circuits is introduced. Various VLSI testing scenarios that involve comparison of the chip output and the expected reference output are discussed. Two acousto-optic architectures are discussed that could be useful for recording and com-paring high speed digital data. Experimental proof-of-principle results are presented along with a prototype processor module. The acousto-optic and electro-optic implementation of a third architecture that is useful for comparing and compressing high speed digital data, is also discussed along with initial experimental results.
Electrocardiographic Analysis of Ectopic Atrial Activity Obscured by Ventricular Repolarization: P Wave Isolation Using an Automatic 62‐Lead QRST Subtraction Algorithm (2001)

This novel automatic 62-lead QRST subtraction algorithm enables discrete isolation of T-U wave obscured ectopic atrial activity on the surface ECG while retaining the intricate spatial detail in P wave morphology. Future clinical application of the algorithm may enable improved ECG localization of focal triggers of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, and the atrial insertion of accessory pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antilipolytic Activities of Quinolyl Carbanilates and Related Analogues. (1987)

Abstract A series of carbamates (III), (V), (X), and (XIII) is prepared as outlined in the reaction scheme.
A New Phase Modulator (1977)

A phase modulator is described which deviates from perfect linearity by ± 1 degree maximum in the range± 90 degrees. It can be adjusted to eliminate third order distortion. A digital application is illustrated.
Low temperature direct bonding mechanisms of tetraethyl orthosilicate based silicon oxide films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2012)

Bonding behaviour and surface adhesion mechanisms of tetraethyl orthosilicate silicon oxide films are investigated. Prior to the bonding, infrared absorption spectroscopy was used to assess chemical composition of the bonding layers. The incorporation of −OH groups during the deposition process and the moisture absorption is shown and a specific effect of the applied RF power is highlighted. A strong correlation is found between trapped species and the evolution of the bonded layers during subsequent thermal annealing. The first observed phenomenon is an overall hardness reduction of the film deposited at low RF power which results in an increase of local adhesion area, hence an enhancement of the bonding energy. In the meantime, in this configuration water production is promoted in the volume of the film through silanol condensation and silicon oxidation occurs at the interface between the bonding layer and the silicon bulk. As a by-product of this reaction, hydrogen is released and it migrates towards the bonding interface. As a consequence, defects appear at the bonding interface. Thanks to the use of a stop barrier at the bulk interface, silicon oxidation is prevented, defect free bonding is obtained and the described scenario is confirmed.
A 12 Amino Acid Peptide Reduces the Oncogenic Potential of EWS‐FLI1 in Ewing's Sarcoma (2011)

Introduction The EWS‐FLI1 oncogenic fusion protein is derived from a tumor‐specific t(11;22) chromosomal translocation that is uniquely expressed in Ewing's Sarcoma. We hypothesize that peptides interacting with EWS‐FLI1 can modulate protein function and improve therapies for Ewing's Sarcoma patients. Methods Phage display peptide screening was performed by using EWS‐FLI1 as the bait. Results We identified 27 unique EWS‐FLI1 binding peptides. These Ewing Sarcoma Antagonist peptides (ESAPs) were synthesized with Antennapedia and evaluated in TC32 (Ewing's Sarcoma), and SKNAS (neuroblastoma) cell lines for growth inhibition. We found that the cytotoxicity for ESAP‐1 is the most potent among other peptides. We further explored this peptide's inhibitory effect in Ewing's Sarcoma. We confirmed that ESAP‐1 peptide binds directly to EWS‐FLI1 by ELISA and Surface Plasmon Resonance. This peptide reduced the transcriptional activity of EWS‐FLI1 and interfered the cell cycle by G2M arrest. Discussion The ESAP‐1 peptide directly binds to the EWS‐FLI1 and leads to cell death in cells that harbor this fusion protein. This finding provides a novel experimental and potential therapeutic tool for Ewing's Sarcoma. This work is supported by Children's Cancer Foundation, Baltimore, MD
Self-Driving Car Meets Multi-Access Edge Computing for Deep Learning-Based Caching (2019)

In the future, self-driving cars are expected to be involved in public transportation. Once passengers are comfortable with them, the self-driving cars will be new spaces for entertainment. However, getting infotainment contents from Data Centers (DCs) can be perturbed by the high end-to-end delay. To address this issue, we propose caching for infotainment contents in close proximity to the self-driving cars and in self-driving cars. In our proposal, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) helps self-driving cars by deploying MEC servers to the edge of the network at macro base stations (BSs), WiFi access points (WAPs), and roadside units (RSUs) for caching infotainment contents in close proximity to the self-driving cars. Based on the passenger's features learned via self-driving car deep learning approach proposed in this paper, the self-driving car can download infotainment contents that are appropriate to its passengers from MEC servers and cache them. The simulation results show that our prediction for the infotainment contents need to be cached in close proximity to the self-driving cars can achieve 99.28% accuracy.
Hyperosmotic Tolerance of Human Spermatozoa: Separate Effects of Glycerol, Sodium Chloride, and Sucrose on Spermolysis1 (1993)

Hyperosmotic stress, which cells experience during the freezing process, and its release during the warming process are both related to cryoinjury. To define optimal cooling or warming rates and prevent osmotic injury to human sperm, information is required regarding the osmotic tolerance of the cells as a function of 1) time, 2) temperature, 3) type of solute, and 4) solute concentration. Human sperm samples were divided into three aliquots. The aliquots were equilibrated at 0, 8, and 22 degrees C, respectively. Different hyperosmotic solutions were prepared by addition of either a permeating cryoprotective agent (glycerol) or nonpermeating solutes (sucrose, non-ionic; or NaCl, ionic) to isotonic Mann's Ringer solution. Aliquots of the prepared solutions were equilibrated at 0, 8, and 22 degrees C, respectively. A small volume (2.5 microliters) of each sperm aliquot was quickly mixed with 50 microliters of each hyperosmotic solution at the corresponding temperature. After times ranging from 5 s to 5 min, 10 microliters of each hyperosmotic cell suspension was abruptly returned to an isosmotic environment by mixing with 500 microliters of Mann's Ringer solution at the corresponding temperature. The plasma membrane integrity of cells after exposure to hyperosmotic stress and after return to isosmotic conditions was measured by a dual staining (carboxyfluoroscein diacetate and propidium iodide) technique and flow cytometry. The morphology of the treated cells was observed by scanning electron microscopy of freeze-substituted sperm. The results indicate that human spermatozoa exhibited a significant posthypertonic lysis/injury, i.e., loss of membrane integrity, when returned to isosmotic conditions after exposure to hyperosmotic solutions of NaCl or sucrose. The higher the hyperosmolality, the more serious the cell injury. The majority of the cells (> 50%) lost membrane integrity when the osmolality was > or = 2000 mOsm. In contrast, if the sperm were not returned to isosmotic conditions, the majority of the sperm in the hyperosmotic solutions appeared to maintain membrane integrity. For a given higher hyperosmolality (> 1000 mOsm), posthypertonic spermolysis was reduced with a decrease of temperature. Cell survival was also affected by time of cell exposure to hyperosmotic environments before cells were returned to the isotonic condition. The shorter the time, the higher the cell survival. When exposed to hyperosmotic glycerol solutions that were isotonic with respect to electrolytes, few cells lost their membrane integrity if the osmolality of glycerol was < 3000 mOsm. For a fixed high osmolality (> 3000 mOsm), the lower the temperature, the higher the percentage spermolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Body for pneumatic vehicle (2012)

\n\t\t\t\t\tA pneumatic vehicle is provided with a first and second sub-assembly. The first sub-assembly has a chassis supporting an air tank. The second sub-assembly has part of the vehicle body and is bonded to the first-sub-assembly using a structural adhesive. Another pneumatic vehicle is provided with a first and second sub-assembly. The first sub-assembly has a chassis, air tank, part of the vehicle body, a pair of B-pillars, and a pair of rear rails. The second sub-assembly has a part of the vehicle body, a pair of A-pillars, and a pair of roof rails. A vehicle seat is provided with a seat base and upright seat back providing a seating area. A bladder located in the central region of the seating area inflates to provide two bucket seats, and deflates to provide a bench seat. The vehicle seat also has inflatable inserts to provide cushioning.\n\t\t\t\t
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Copper Nanowire Hybrid Films as High-Performance Transparent Electrodes (2013)

Hybrid films composed of reduced graphene oxide (RG-O) and Cu nanowires (NWs) were prepared. Compared to Cu NW films, the RG-O/Cu NW hybrid films have improved electrical conductivity, oxidation resistance, substrate adhesion, and stability in harsh environments. The RG-O/Cu NW films were used as transparent electrodes in Prussian blue (PB)-based electrochromic devices where they performed significantly better than pure Cu NW films.
Application Of Synchrotron Radiation To The Imaging Of Coronary Arteries (1989)

The tunable energy, high intensity and high collimation of X-ray beams from synchrotron radiation sources may provide a less invasive method to acquire images of human coronary arteries. Currently the standard imaging procedure is dangerous since it requires that a catheter be inserted into a peripheral artery and threaded up to the heart so that a contrast agent can be injected directly into the artery being imaged. Using a pair of X-ray images taken with monochromatized X-ray beams from a synchrotron, it may be possible to use a much safer venous injection of a contrast agent and still have sufficient image contrast to visualize the coronary arteries. The energies of the beams are arranged to bracket the iodine K absorption edge where the iodine absorption cross section jumps by a factor of six. The logarithmic difference image has excellent sensitivity to contrast agent and minimal sensitivity to tissue and bone. A new imaging system has been built that uses a dual beam monochromator and dual array detector. Two sets of transvenous arterial images have been acquired with it of a patient with severe coronary artery disease.