gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of in-fiber integrated interferometers (2010)

A brief review of recent progress made in a range of in-fiber integrated interferometers for measuring is presented, with particular attention paid to the multi-core based in-fiber integrated techniques, which have the potential to be exploited in a variety of wide applications.
XPS of Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups Formed during the C−NO Reaction (1997)

The reaction between nitrogen oxides and carbon generates nitrogen-containing complexes on the carbon surface. The use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed the characterization of these surface complexes. Five distinct structures have been distinguished, corresponding to nitrogen incorporated in five- and six-member ring as well as pyridine N-oxide and nitrate. Temperature has been found to be the determinant in the repartition of surface species. The reaction with NO−O2 at 600 °C has produced both pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogens, while the reaction with NO at 950 °C mainly produced a pyridinic one. Quaternary nitrogen increased upon the heat treatment in He at 950 °C after the char was reacted with NO−O2 at 600 °C.
Guanidinium-Based Ionic Covalent Organic Framework for Rapid and Selective Removal of Toxic Cr(VI) Oxoanions from Water (2018)

Ionic covalent organic frameworks make up an emerging class of functional materials in which the included ionic interfaces induce strong and attractive interactions with ionic species of the opposite charge. In this work, the strong and selective binding forces between the confined diiminoguanidinium groups in the framework and tetrahedral oxoanions have led to unparalleled effectiveness in the removal of the toxic chromium(VI) pollutant from aqueous solutions. The new functional framework can take up from 90 to 200 mg/g of chromium(VI), depending on the solution pH, and is capable of decreasing the chromium(VI) concentration in water from 1 ppm to 10 ppb within minutes (an order of magnitude below the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 100 ppb), demonstrating superior properties among known ion exchange materials and natural sorbents.
The Complete Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Human Pathogen <i>Campylobacter lari</i> (2008)

Campylobacter lari is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and is part of the thermotolerant Campylobacter group, a clade that includes the human pathogen C. jejuni. Here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, C. lari RM2100. The genome of strain RM2100 is approximately 1.53 Mb and includes the 46 kb megaplasmid pCL2100. Also present within the strain RM2100 genome is a 36 kb putative prophage, termed CLIE1, which is similar to CJIE4, a putative prophage present within the C. jejuni RM1221 genome. Nearly all (90%) of the gene content in strain RM2100 is similar to genes present in the genomes of other characterized thermotolerant campylobacters. However, several genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism, identified previously in other Campylobacter genomes, are absent from the C. lari RM2100 genome. Therefore, C. lari RM2100 is predicted to be multiply auxotrophic, unable to synthesize eight different amino acids, acetyl-coA, and pantothenate. Additionally, strain RM2100 does not contain a complete TCA cycle and is missing the CydAB terminal oxidase of the respiratory chain. Defects in the amino acid biosynthetic pathways in this organism could be potentially compensated by the large number of encoded peptidases. Nevertheless, the apparent absence of certain key enzymatic functions in strain RM2100 would be expected to have an impact on C. lari biology. It is also possible that the reduction in the C. lari metabolic machinery is related to its environmental range and host preference.
Intratumoral delivery of bortezomib: impact on survival in an intracranial glioma tumor model (2017)

OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and the most aggressive of primary brain tumors. There is currently no effective treatment for this tumor. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is effective for a variety of tumors, but not for GBM. The authors' goal was to demonstrate that bortezomib can be effective in the orthotopic GBM murine model if the appropriate method of drug delivery is used. In this study the Alzet mini-osmotic pump was used to bring the drug directly to the tumor in the brain, circumventing the blood-brain barrier; thus making bortezomib an effective treatment for GBM. METHODS The 2 human glioma cell lines, U87 and U251, were labeled with luciferase and used in the subcutaneous and intracranial in vivo tumor models. Glioma cells were implanted subcutaneously into the right flank, or intracranially into the frontal cortex of athymic nude mice. Mice bearing intracranial glioma tumors were implanted with an Alzet mini-osmotic pump containing different doses of bortezomib. The Alzet pumps were introduced directly into the tumor bed in the brain. Survival was documented for mice with intracranial tumors. RESULTS Glioma cells were sensitive to bortezomib at nanomolar quantities in vitro. In the subcutaneous in vivo xenograft tumor model, bortezomib given intravenously was effective in reducing tumor progression. However, in the intracranial glioma model, bortezomib given systemically did not affect survival. By sharp contrast, animals treated with bortezomib intracranially at the tumor site exhibited significantly increased survival. CONCLUSIONS Bypassing the blood-brain barrier by using the osmotic pump resulted in an increase in the efficacy of bortezomib for the treatment of intracranial tumors. Thus, the intratumoral administration of bortezomib into the cranial cavity is an effective approach for glioma therapy.
Release of Full-Length PrPC from Cultured Neurons Following Neurotoxic Challenges (2012)

The susceptibility of the normal cellular prion protein isoform, cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), to proteolytic digestion has been well documented. In addition, a link between PrP(C) and the cytosolic protease, calpain, has been reported although the specifics of the interaction remain unclear. We performed in vitro and in cell-based studies to examine this relationship. We observed that human recombinant PrP (HrPrP) was readily cleaved by calpain-1 and -2, and we have identified and defined the targeted cleavage sites. In contrast, HrPrP was resistant to caspase-3 digestion. Unexpectedly, when brain lysates from PrP(C)-expressing mice were treated with calpain, no appreciable loss of the intact PrP(C), nor the appearance of PrP(C) breakdown products (BDPs) were observed, even though alpha II-spectrin was converted to its signature calpain-induced BDPs. In addition, when rat cerebrocortical neuronal cultures (RtCNC) were subjected to the two neurotoxins at subacute levels, maitotoxin (MTX) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), PrP(C)-BDPs were also not detectable. However, a novel finding from these cell-based studies is that apparently full-length, mature PrP(C) is released into culture media from RtCNC challenged with subacute doses of MTX and NMDA. Calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 and caspase inhibitor IDN-6556 did not attenuate the release of PrP(C). Similarly, the lysosomal protease inhibitor, NH(4)Cl, and the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, did not significantly alter the integrity of PrP(C) or its release from the RtCNC. In conclusion, rat neuronal PrP(C) is not a significant target for proteolytic modifications during MTX and NMDA neurotoxic challenges. However, the robust neurotoxin-mediated release of full-length PrP(C) into the cell culture media suggests an unidentified neuroprotective mechanism for PrP(C).
Effects of aortic occlusion on regional spinal cord blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials in sheep (1987)

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded continuously during aortic occlusion in sheep, with simultaneous measurement of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) by radiolabeled microspheres. Aortic occlusion was associated with disappearance of the SEPs in seven of nine sheep in 7.8 ± 4.1 (SD) minutes. SCBF at the time of initial cross clamping and 30 minutes after the onset of ischemia revealed a severe reduction in white and gray matter flow in the thoracolumbar cord. Release of the aortic clamp was associated with reactive hyperemia in these ischemic regions. In two animals, the SEP persisted during aortic cross clamping. The total SCBF in the thoracic and lumbar regions of these two animals exceeded 20 ml/100 g/min after 30 minutes of ischemia and was significantly greater than the flow recorded in sheep whose evoked response disappeared. The relation between spinal cord ischemia and evoked potential alterations is discussed in detail. (Neurosurgery 21:668-675, 1987)
Propagation of picosecond pulses on superconducting transmission line interconnects <sup>*</sup> (2022)

Abstract Interconnects are a major discriminator for superconducting digital technology, enabling energy-efficient data transfer and high-bandwidth heterogeneous integration. We report a method to simulate propagation of picosecond pulses in superconducting passive transmission lines (PTLs). A frequency-domain propagator model obtained from the Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) field solver is incorporated in a Cadence Spectre circuit model, so that the particular PTL geometry can be simulated in the time-domain. The Mattis Bardeen complex conductivity of the superconductor is encoded in the HFSS field solver as a complex-conductivity insulator. Experimental and simulation results show that Nb 20 Ω microstrip PTLs with 200 nm interlayer dielectric thickness can support propagation of a single-flux-quantum pulse up to 7 mm and a double-flux-quantum pulse up to 28 mm.
Effects of Advanced Fuels on the Particulate and NOx Emissions from an Optimized Light-Duty CIDI Engine (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) engine was used to evaluate the engine-out emissions from four advanced CIDI fuels that define a broad range of properties. The fuels include a market-averaged California fuel (designated CARB) to serve as a benchmark, a petroleum-based low sulfur, low aromatic hydrocracked fuel (LSHC), the LSHC fuel blended with 15% dimethoxy methane (DMM15), and a neat Fischer-Tropsch fuel (FT100).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine-out particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and performance data were collected at 5 steady-state operating conditions. The engine calibration was optimized for each fuel and operating condition. Fuel injection timing was optimized for best fuel economy and the injection pressure was optimized for minimum smoke. The PM-NOx trade-off for EGR dilution was established for each fuel and operating condition with the optimum injection timing and pressure.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Modal averaged mass emission results were computed for each fuel using a weighted combination of the data from each of the 5 operating conditions. Weighted results simplified the relative emission comparisons and improved the confidence in the statistical analysis. Dunnett statistical techniques, for multiple-comparisons to a benchmark, were applied to the weighted results. Compared to the CARB fuel, the engine-out Total PM increased by 10% for LSHC, decreased by 24% for DMM15 and decreased by 31% for FT100 for the engine operating at conventional EGR rates. When operating the engine at the maximum EGR rates, the engine-out Total PM increased by 25% for LSHC; decreased by 16% for DMM15 and decreased by 15% for FT100. Engine-out NOx was slightly lower for the advanced fuels.</div>
Polysalicylic Acid Polymer Microparticle Decoys Therapeutically Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2022) (2022)

Lung Injury In article number 2101534 by Omolola Eniola-Adefeso and co-workers, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is often characterized by the abrupt accumulation of activated neutrophils in the lungs. Particle-based therapeutics can serve as a novel ARDS treatment that diverts rogue neutrophils in the systemic circulation, preventing neutrophil-related organ damage. Furthermore, materials used to fabricate particle-based therapeutics can be optimized to modulate cell phenotypes and, ultimately, the inflammatory response.
A Model for Antimicrobial Gene Therapy: Demonstration of Human <i>β</i> -Defensin 2 Antimicrobial Activities <i>In Vivo</i> (2002)

We transfected host cells with an antimicrobial peptide/protein-encoding gene as a way to enhance host defense mechanisms against infection. The human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) gene was chosen as a model because its protein does not require cell type-specific processing. Using a retroviral vector carrying HBD-2 cDNA, we treated several mouse or human cell lines and primary cell cultures including fibroblasts, salivary gland cells, endothelial cells, and T cells. All transduced cells produced detectable HBD-2. In Escherichia coli gel overlay experiments, secreted HBD-2 from selected cell lines showed potent antimicrobial activity electrophoretically identical to that of purified HBD-2. We then used a mouse model (nonobese diabetic/severely compromised immunodeficient [NOD/SCID]) to test HBD-2 antimicrobial activities in vivo. HT-1080 cells carrying HBD-2 or control vector were implanted subcutaneously into NOD/SCID mice to allow tumor formation. Escherichia coli was then injected into each tumor mass. Tumors were resected after 16 hr and homogenized for bacterial colony-forming unit analysis. Compared with control tumors, HBD-2-bearing tumors contained only 7.8 +/- 3.3% viable bacteria. On the basis of this demonstration of HBD-2 in vivo antimicrobial activity, enhancement of antibacterial host defense by HBD-2 gene therapy may be feasible.
马克思主义与马克思主义注释家的臆想——兼评列费弗尔的近著《一种成为世界性的思想》 (1982)

马克思的哪些思想依然保持着活力?名目繁多的各种马克思主义流派与马克思的著作之间关系如何?马克思的著作与上世纪完全不能预料到的结构和过程的变化所造成的十分复杂的新的社会现实的关系如何?马克思的思想与当代科学成果相吻合吗?当代革命进程具有哪些形式?马克思主义真象西方某些批评家所坚持的那样,是我们时代的“神话”吗?所有这一切问题越来越迫切地在世界各国的政治集团、知识分子和工人阶级队伍中提出来,是因为当前马克思主义和对马克思的创作的认识正在经历一个重新评价和批判地思考的过程。
Pd(<scp>ii</scp>)-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation and Heck-coupling of arene carboxylates with allylic halides and esters (2010)

This work demonstrates an alternative method to prepare allylated arenes and aryl-substituted allylic esters via catalytic decarboxylative C-C bond formation using aromatic carboxylic acids and allylic halides and esters.
Guard Cell- and Phloem Idioblast-Specific Expression of Thioglucoside Glucohydrolase 1 (Myrosinase) in Arabidopsis (2002)

Thioglucoside glucohydrolase 1 (TGG1) is one of two known functional myrosinase enzymes in Arabidopsis. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosinolates into compounds that are toxic to various microbes and herbivores. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants carrying beta-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein reporter genes fused to 0.5 or 2.5 kb of the TGG1 promoter region were used to study spatial promoter activity. Promoter activity was found to be highly specific and restricted to guard cells and distinct cells of the phloem. No promoter activity was detected in the root or seed. All guard cells show promoter activity. Positive phloem cells are distributed in a discontinuous pattern and occur more frequent in young tissues. Immunocytochemical localization of myrosinase in transverse and longitudinal sections of embedded material show that the TGG1 promoter activity reflects the position of the myrosinase enzyme. In the flower stalk, the myrosinase-containing phloem cells are located between phloem sieve elements and glucosinolate-rich S cells. Our results suggest a cellular separation of myrosinase enzyme and glucosinolate substrate, and that myrosinase is contained in distinct cells. We discuss the potential advantages of locating defense and communication systems to only a few specific cell types.
Ill-conditioning and bandwidth expansion in linear prediction of speech (2003)

This paper examines schemes that modify linear prediction (LP) analysis for speech signals. First, techniques which improve the conditioning of the LP equations are examined. White noise compensation for the correlations is justified from the point of view of reducing the range of values which the predictor coefficients take on. The efficacy of the procedure is measured over a large speech database. Various techniques for bandwidth expansion of the LP spectral peaks are also examined. These include lag windowing of the correlation, windowing of the predictor coefficients, and modification of the line spectral frequencies. New formulas for the bandwidth expansion factor are given.
Anti‐PSMA immunotoxin as novel treatment for prostate cancer? High and specific antitumor activity on human prostate xenograft tumors in SCID mice (2007)

A5-PE40 represents a recombinant anti-PSMA immunotoxin with potent antitumor activity in mice bearing human prostate cancer xenograft tumors. Therefore, A5-PE40 could be a promising candidate for therapeutic applications in patients with prostate cancer.
An LMS-Like Predictive Estimation for Fading MIMO Channels (2007)

The time varying channel between transmitter and receiver in wireless communications necessitates the receiver to be informed about the channel between the transmitter and the receiver periodically in the detection procedure. This paper introduces a geometrical model for channel matrix in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, where the channel is supposed to be fast fading.Then an auto regressive (AR) model is proposed for the channel matrix variations at each time instant, based on which an LMS-like procedure for tracking the channel is suggested to increase the time period required for channel training in order to increase the data transmission rate. The efficiency of the method for channel matrix estimation is studied through simulation.The results show satisfactory match between the true and the estimated channel.
Lattice Corneal Dystrophy (2021)

Lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) is an inherited disorder of the eye characterized by the deposition of amyloid resulting in steadily progressive loss of vision. These deposits create linear, “lattice-like” opacities arising primarily in the central cornea, while the peripheral cornea is often spared. They are radially oriented and are accompanied by gradual, superficial opacification of the cornea. Recurrent epithelial erosions are often present, causing ocular irritation and additional vision loss. The erosions may appear before any noticeable stromal deposits. LCD belongs to a broader family of corneal dystrophies and has several subtypes, as described below.Type I LCD (LCD1), also known as classic lattice corneal dystrophy or Biber-Haab-Dimmer dystrophy, is the primary form of LCD. It is autosomal dominant and results from mutations in the transforming human growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) gene. Although TGFBI and its protein transcript are found throughout the body, there are no known systemic effects outside of the ocular pathology for which it is named. It usually presents in the first or second decade of life.The LCD variants are subtypes of LCD caused by a variety of mutations on the TGFBI gene. The variants were formerly described as types IA, III, IIIA, IIIB, IV, V, VI, VII, and polymorphic corneal amyloidosis. These are variations of the same disease process that causes type I LCD, with minor changes in their phenotypic features. Specific phenotypic patterns are traceable to specific mutations in the TGFBI gene, which resulted in their being initially described as separate diseases. They are now considered to be subtypes of the same disease, in which type I is the classic and most common presentation. The variants are often geographically specific and are occasionally traceable to single founder mutations.LCD type II is no longer included among the corneal dystrophies as it is a primarily systemic disorder with ophthalmologic features. While it was initially included in the LCD family because of the lattice-like ocular deposits, it is now more accurately described as familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) type IV, FAP Finnish type, FAP Gelsolin type, or Meretoja syndrome. Systemic symptoms include neuropathy (due to amyloid infiltration of nerves), facial paralysis, and extreme skin laxity. It tends to present in the twenties.Another disease process often mistakenly included in the LCD family is granular corneal dystrophy type II (GCD type II). Also called combined granular-lattice dystrophy or Avellino dystrophy, GCD type II was formerly considered a hybrid of granular and lattice dystrophies since it exhibits symptoms of both diseases. It is characterized by both granular and branching linear deposits that make it challenging to distinguish it from the LCDs. Physical exam findings that differentiate it from the lattice dystrophies are further discussed in this article under the name Avellino dystrophy, to minimize confusion with type II LCD.
Tumor-associated angiogenesis in prostate cancer. (1994)

All solid tumors require the induction of new blood vessels to grow. To begin to study this phenomenon in prostate cancer, we investigated the intensity of tumor associated angiogenesis in prostate non malignant and malignant tissue. Angiogenesis was measured by quantitating microvessels in a total of 67 patients: 23 non malignant biopsy specimens, and 34 malignant specimens from patients who had undergone prostatectomy. Angiogenic activity in prostatic cancer (prostatectomy) tissue (utilizing Factor VIII staining) was then correlated with pathological staging (Whitmore-Jewitt). Overall there appeared to be a trend of increasing microvessel count (MVC) from benign through the advancing stages of prostate cancer. Based on mean microvessel counts we were able to distinguish stage D from all other pathological stages (p = 0.004 between stages C and D). There was, however, no statistically significant difference between stage B and C. We conclude that tumor associated angiogenesis in prostate cancer may have both clinical and pathological significance in prostate cancer.
Resistance switching memory devices constructed on plastic with solution-processed titanium oxide (2009)

Resistance switching memory devices constructed on flexible plastic substrates via the spin-coating of titanium oxide solution were characterized in this study. The resistance switching memory device exhibited a ratio of the high resistance to low resistance states of more than 102, and this large resistance ratio was maintained even after 104 s. These memory characteristics are comparable to those of resistance switching memory devices based on titanium oxide films deposited on Si substrates. Moreover, the endurance of the flexible memory device investigated by means of a continuous substrate bending test revealed that the ratio of the high resistance to low resistance states was negligibly changed up to two hundred cycles. Its resistance switching characteristics were not degraded by the bending of the substrate, due to its short length channel and the high ductility of the electrode.