gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Phase Advance Under Fault-Tolerant Control of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (2017)

In this paper, optimal phase advances under fault-tolerant control (FTC) of a five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMa-SynRM) have been proposed under different fault conditions. Critical applications where the consistency and safety are the major concerns in automotive and aerospace industries require reliable control systems. The multiphase motor is considered a promising candidate for these applications as it has redundant phases primarily for fault-tolerant operation. However, advanced FTC for a PMa-SynRM with maximization of reluctance torque has been limitedly studied until now. In the conventional approach, to maintain constant magnetomotive force under fault conditions, phase currents of a motor need to increase significantly. However, this will easily saturate the PMa-SynRM resulting in significantly reduced reluctance torque. To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a novel phase current control method that maximizes the reluctance torque with minimum phase current. Here, a phase current control with a novel phase advance has been proposed under various fault conditions. Extensive theoretical and experimental analysis has been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed idea with 5-hp dynamo system controlled by TI DSP F28335.
A3 adenosine receptors: Protective vs. damaging effects identified using novel agonists and antagonists (1998)

Investigation of the physiologic role of the A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor has been facilitated by the availability of selective agonists and antagonists. Selective agonists include IB-MECA and the 2-chloro derivative Cl-IB-MECA. Selective antagonists have been identified and designed with the aid of molecular modeling among various nonpurine classes of heterocycles: flavonoids, 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, triazoloquinazolines, isoquinolines, and a triazolonaphthyridine. The dihydropyridine 3-ethyl 5-benzyl 2-methyl-6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-(±)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS 1191) is 1,300-fold selective for human A<sub>3</sub> (K<sub>i</sub> of 31 nM) vs. A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>2A</sub> adenosine receptors and also 28-fold A<sub>3</sub> selective in rat tissue (K<sub>i</sub> of 1.42 mM). 9-Chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline (MRS 1220) is useful as an A<sub>3</sub> selective antagonist only in human tissue, with a K<sub>i</sub> value of 0.65 nM. The pyridine derivative 5-propyl 2-ethyl-4-propyl-3-(ethylsulfanylcarbonyl)-6-phenylpyridine-5-carboxylate (MRS 1523) is a selective antagonist of both rat and human A<sub>3</sub> receptors, with K<sub>i</sub> values of 113 and 19 nM, respectively. Paradoxical effects of A<sub>3</sub> agonists in the brain, heart and other tissues indicate that acute activation of A<sub>3</sub> receptors at greater than 10 mM concentrations acts as a lethal input to cells, whereas low, nanomolar concentrations of A<sub>3</sub> receptor agonists protect against apoptosis or ischemic damage. Adenosine A<sub>3</sub> receptor agonists, antagonists, or both, may be useful in treating inflammatory conditions.
Rendering a color palette by light-emitting diodes (2008)

We present a new approach to the optimization of sources of white light based on colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and show that a pentachromatic source composed of LEDs with the equidistant peak wavelengths at about 450, 500, 550, 600, and 650nm renders all 1269 colors of the Munsell palette almost indistinguishably from daylight.
A Scheduling Strategy for Synchronous Elastic Designs (2011)

With the scaling of process technologies, communication delays represent a bottleneck for the performance of circuits. One of the main issues that has to be handled is the variability of such delays. Latency-insensitive circuits offer a form of elast
Focal surfaces of offset dual-reflector antennas (1982)

An analytical technique is described for finding the best focal surfaces for offset-fed dual-reflector antennas. A ray tracing procedure traces the loci of rays incident on the main reflector onto a plane or 'screen' situated perpendicular to a central ray of the antenna system. Given, then, by computer graphics, the best feed locations for azimuth and elevation plane patterns, an aperture diffraction method is used which can compute the sidelobe levels and beamwidths resulting from aperture phase errors on scanned or multibeam patterns. High-magnification Cassegrain or Gregorian antennas, with tilt angles optimised according to Japanese criteria, produce excellent radiation diagrams many beamwidths from the central, unaberrated pattern direction.
End-to-end Lyrics Alignment for Polyphonic Music Using an Audio-to-Character Recognition Model (2019)

Time-aligned lyrics can enrich the music listening experience by enabling karaoke, text-based song retrieval and intra-song navigation, and other applications. Compared to text-to-speech alignment, lyrics alignment remains highly challenging, despite many attempts to combine numerous sub-modules including vocal separation and detection in an effort to break down the problem. Furthermore, training required fine-grained annotations to be available in some form. Here, we present a novel system based on a modified Wave-U-Net architecture, which predicts character probabilities directly from raw audio using learnt multi-scale representations of the various signal components. There are no sub-modules whose interdependencies need to be optimized. Our training procedure is designed to work with weak, line-level annotations available in the real world. With a mean alignment error of 0.35s on a standard dataset our system outperforms the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude.
Sensitization of redox photocatalyst (1985)

Patent number: 85-CH66-8505119 Reference LPI-PATENT-1985-001Search for this record at the European Patent Office Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
A semisynthetic <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> serotype 8 glycoconjugate vaccine (2017)

Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of pathogenic bacteria such as <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> successfully protect from disease but suffer from incomplete coverage, are troublesome to manufacture from isolated CPSs, and lack efficacy against certain serotypes. Defined, synthetic oligosaccharides are an attractive alternative to isolated CPSs but require the identification of immunogenic and protective oligosaccharide antigens. We describe a medicinal chemistry strategy based on a combination of automated glycan assembly (AGA), glycan microarray-based monoclonal antibody (mAb) reverse engineering, and immunological evaluation in vivo to uncover a protective glycan epitope (glycotope) for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> serotype 8 (ST8). All four tetrasaccharide frameshifts of ST8 CPS were prepared by AGA and used in glycan microarray experiments to identify the glycotopes recognized by antibodies against ST8. One tetrasaccharide frameshift that was preferentially recognized by a protective, CPS-directed mAb was conjugated to the carrier protein CRM197. Immunization of mice with this semisynthetic glycoconjugate followed by generation and characterization of a protective mAb identified protective and nonprotective glycotopes. Immunization of rabbits with semisynthetic ST8 glycoconjugates containing protective glycotopes induced an antibacterial immune response. Coformulation of ST8 glycoconjugates with the marketed 13-valent glycoconjugate vaccine Prevnar 13 yielded a potent 14-valent <i>S. pneumoniae</i> vaccine. Our strategy presents a facile approach to develop efficient semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines.
The Direct Bonding of Metals to Ceramics and Application in Electronics (1975)

The direct bonding of metals to ceramics is possible utilizing a gas metal eutectic. The mechanism of direct bonding of copper foil to ceramics in a slightly oxidizing atmosphere is presented. It involves the formation of eutectic melt between copper and oxygen at a temperature slightly below the melting point of copper, which serves to bring the foil into intimate contact with the substrate. Metals to which technique is applicable include Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Ag, Cr, Mo and Al. A brief review of other metal–ceramic bonding techniques is given for comparison. The process for fabricating direct bonded copper structures is given, and properties of the bond are discussed. The use of the directed bonding process in a number of electronic applications such as hybrid packages and power device heat sinks is indicated.
Depth reconstruction filter for depth coding (2009)

Depth images represent the distances of scene elements from a camera in 3D space; their efficient coding is crucial for emerging applications such as free-viewpoint TV and 3D video. An in-loop reconstruction filter that improves the depth-coding performance as well as the rendering quality of virtual views based upon the coded depth is proposed.
Magnetically Shielded Miniature Hall Thruster: Design Improvement and Performance Analysis (2015)

Magnetic shielding has been shown to dramatically reduce discharge channel wall erosion of high powered Hall thrusters, thereby increasing their useful lifetimes. However, unique challenges exist for developing a low power magnetically shielded Hall thruster. A previously tested 4 cm magnetically shielded miniature Hall thruster demonstrated low performance of its magnetic circuit, resulting in an asymmetric field topology, low thrust, and low efficiency. A 6 cm magnetically shielded Hall thruster was developed to improve upon the 4 cm design. The 6 cm device, which generated a symmetric and fully shielded field topology, was tested at 30 operating conditions ranging from 160 W to nearly 750 W. Visual observation of the plasma and discharge channel during and after operation was used to assess the level of magnetic shielding that was achieved. Hall2De plasma simulations were also used to offer further evidence of magnetic shielding. Thrust stand measurements provided thrust, anode specific impulse, and anode efficiency data at each operating condition. Pole face erosion, which is believed to be associated with the 6 cm thruster's non-optimized magnetic shielding field topology and strength, identify the near-term challenges to resolve before long lifetimes and high efficiencies can be achieved in low power Hall thrusters.
Crystalline whispering gallery mode resonators: in search of the optimal material (2014)

Different applications of crystalline whispering gallery mode resonators call for different properties of the resonator host material. We report on our recent study of resonators made out of sapphire, diamond, and quartz crystals and discuss possible applications of these resonators. In particular, we demonstrate Kerr frequency comb generation in sapphire microresonators.
Large holographic displays for real-time applications (2008)

Holography is generally accepted as the ultimate approach to display three-dimensional scenes or objects. Principally, the reconstruction of an object from a perfect hologram would appear indistinguishable from viewing the corresponding real-world object. Up to now two main obstacles have prevented large-screen Computer-Generated Holograms (CGH) from achieving a satisfactory laboratory prototype not to mention a marketable one. The reason is a small cell pitch CGH resulting in a huge number of hologram cells and a very high computational load for encoding the CGH. These seemingly inevitable technological hurdles for a long time have not been cleared limiting the use of holography to special applications, such as optical filtering, interference, beam forming, digital holography for capturing the 3-D shape of objects, and others. SeeReal Technologies has developed a new approach for real-time capable CGH using the socalled Tracked Viewing Windows technology to overcome these problems. The paper will show that today's state of the art reconfigurable Spatial Light Modulators (SLM), especially today's feasible LCD panels are suited for reconstructing large 3-D scenes which can be observed from large viewing angles. For this to achieve the original holographic concept of containing information from the entire scene in each part of the CGH has been abandoned. This substantially reduces the hologram resolution and thus the computational load by several orders of magnitude making thus real-time computation possible. A monochrome real-time prototype measuring 20 inches has been built and demonstrated at last year's SID conference and exhibition 2007 and at several other events.
Discovery of<i>N</i>-(3-(1-Methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1<i>H</i>-indol-6-yl) thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a Selective Inhibitor of Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) for the Treatment of Pain (2011)

3,6-Disubstituted indole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors of human nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Bulky amine containing substitution on the 3-position of the indole ring such as an azabicyclic system showed better selectivity over 5- and 6-membered cyclic amine substitutions. Compound (-)-19 showed the best selectivity for neuronal NOS over endothelial NOS (90-fold) and inducible NOS (309-fold) among the current series. Compounds 16 and (-)-19 were shown to be either inactive or very weak inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 enzymes, indicating a low potential for drug-drug interactions. Compound 16 was shown to reverse thermal hyperalgesia in vivo in the Chung model of neuropathic pain. Compound 16 was also devoid of any significant vasoconstrictive effect in human coronary arteries, associated with the inhibition of human eNOS. These results suggest that 16 may be a useful tool for evaluating the potential role of selective nNOS inhibitors in the treatment of pain such as migraine and CTTH.
Using Semantic Web Technologies to Enable Interoperability of Disparate Information Systems (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of integrating various data sources and web services in an enterprise that uses a service-oriented architecture. We take advantage of ubiquitous enterprise concepts like Types of Things, Time and Position (What, When and Where) and build a context ontology for each that relates all the various representations across the enterprise. Then, we use Information System data models, context ontologies and a small number of simple OWL/RDF mappings to enable information originating in one part of the enterprise to be used in another in a way that is highly (if not fully) automated.
Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms : application to phase-contrast imaging and microscopy (2000)

This thesis presents a new method for the numerical reconstruction of digital holograms recorded in the off-axis configuration using a CCD camera. The propagation of the reconstructed wave front, from the hologram plane to an observation plane, is achieved by a calculation of scalar diffraction in the Fresnel approximation. An image representing the distribution of intensity at the surface of the object can be obtained by calculating the intensity of the reconstructed wave front. The focusing of this image is performed digitally by adjusting a parameter which defines the distance between the hologram and the observation plane. A second image representing the phase distribution at the surface of the object can be obtained from the same hologram by calculating the argument of the reconstructed wave front. We show here that for getting a phase distribution that represents only the contribution of the object wave, the hologram or the reconstructed wave front must be multiplied by a computed replica of the complex conjugate of the wave used as reference during the recording. For a plane reference wave, the reconstruction of the phase distribution requires a precise adjustment of two digital parameters defining its propagation direction. An application to surface profilometry has demonstrated the quantitative nature of the obtained phase distribution which gives access to the topography of the object. A vertical resolution of λ/100 has been estimated on the basis of a preliminary study. The introduction of a microscope objective along the optical path of the object wave enhances the transverse resolution of the method. In this case, the wave front deformation produced by the microscope objective can be digitally compensated. Under the assumption of a paraboloidal deformation, we show that the wave front curvature can be numerically corrected by multiplication with an array of complex numbers computed using the complex conjugate of the analytical expression describing the defocusing aberration. A preliminary study indicates that the transverse resolution of the method approaches that of classical optical microscopy (diffraction limit). The application of a digital technique of spatial filtering allows for the elimination of the zero order of diffraction and of the twin image. This operation enhances the signal to background ratio. We show also that the influence of diffraction effects associated to the numerical reconstruction method can be reduced by apodization of the hologram aperture. This operation is performed digitally by means of a procedure which defines the transmission of the hologram aperture using a cubic spline interpolation.
Glycomic profiling of targeted serum haptoglobin for gastric cancer using nano LC/MS and LC/MS/MS (2016)

Gastric cancer has one of the highest cancer mortality rates worldwide, largely because of difficulties in early-stage detection. Aberrant glycosylation in serum proteins is associated with many human diseases including inflammation and various types of cancer. Serum-based global glycan profiling using mass spectrometry has been explored and has already led to several potential glycan markers for several disease states. However, localization of the aberrant glycosylation is desirable in order to improve the specificity and sensitivity for clinical use. Here, we combined protein-specific immunoaffinity purification, glycan release, and MS analysis to examine haptoglobin glycosylation of gastric cancer patients for glyco-markers. Age- and sex-matched 60 serum samples (30 cancer patients and 30 healthy controls) were used to profile and quantify haptoglobin N-glycans. A T-test based statistical analysis was performed to identify potential glyco-markers for gastric cancer. Interestingly, abundances of several tri- and tetra-antennary fucosylated N-glycans were increased in gastric cancer patients. Additionally, structural analysis via LC/MS/MS indicated that the fucosylated complex type N-glycans were primarily decorated with antenna fucose, which can be categorized as sialyl-Le<sup>a</sup> or sialyl-Le<sup>x</sup> type structures. This platform demonstrates quantitative, structure-specific profiling of haptoglobin glycosylation for the purposes of biomarker discovery for gastric cancer.
Cognitive Distance Learning Problem Solver Reduces Search Cost through Learning Processes (2002)

Our proposed cognitive distance learning problem solver generates sequence of actions from initial state to goal states in problem state space. This problem solver learns cognitive distance (path cost) of arbitrary combination of two states. Action generation at each state is selection of next state that has minimum cognitive distance to the goal, like Q-learning agent.
Recent advances in blazed grating fabrication by electron-beam lithography (2003)

Convex and concave diffraction gratings are required for concentric imaging spectrometer forms. Direct-write electron-beam lithography has proven to be an effective method for fabricating high-efficiency blazed gratings on non-flat substrates. Recently fabricated convex gratings have demonstrated relative efficiency greater than 90%, diffuse scatter and ghosts less than 5x10<sup>-4</sup> of the main diffraction order, and zeroth-order wavefront error less than 1/4-wave at 633 nm. Such gratings can be fabricated on JPL’s JEOL JBX-9300FS electron-beam lithography system with a writing speed of approximately 1 to 2 cm<sup>2</sup> per hour. The technique was recently used to fabricate flight-qualified gratings for the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument that is scheduled to fly on the NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2005.
Highly transparent paper with tunable haze for green electronics (2014)

The ability to manage the light scattering effect of transparent paper without sacrificing its original high transmittance is critical for the application in optoelectronics since different devices have different requirements for the optical properties. In this paper, we study highly transparent paper with a tunable transmission haze by rationally managing the ratio of nanoscale cellulose fibers to macroscopic cellulose fibers. The transparent papers present a largely modulated light scattering behavior while retaining a transparency of over 90%. Various measurements are then used to characterize the optical properties of the different transparent papers in detail. To demonstrate the device applications in green electronics, we fabricated a top gated transistor with MoS2 on the transparent paper containing 100% NFC that leads to an excellent on/off ratio. The highly transparent paper with a controllable light scattering behavior has an unprecedented potential for applications in optoelectronic devices as a substrate or a functional component.
Toward wearable wireless thermometers for internal body temperature measurements (2014)

This article overviews the motivations and challenges for non-invasive wireless measurements of internal human body temperature. Microwave radiometry is an attractive method for internal thermometry, with the possibility of a wearable device that can continuously monitor temperature inside body tissues in different parts of the body, store the data, and transmit it to a digital medical record. Currently, there are a limited number of available device solutions, and they are usually not wearable or wireless. Here we discuss a possible path to implementing such a thermometer, with some initial results demonstrating about 0.2 K measurement sensitivity, and a difference between the maximal and minimal error w.r.t. a thermocouple measurement of 0.5 K. Several probes for multi-band radiometers are also presented at frequencies of 410 MHz, and 1.4, 2.7, and 4.9 GHz. The main challenges of RF interference, sensitivity, calibration, spatial resolution, miniaturization, and probe design are discussed.
An Efficient 3D Geometrical Consistency Criterion for Detection of a Set of Facial Feature Points (2008)

We propose a novel efficient three-dimensional geometrical consistency criterion for detection of a set of facial feature points. Many face recognition methods employing a single image require localization of particular facial feature points and their performance is highly dependent on localization accuracy in detecting these feature points. The proposed method is able to calculate alignment error of a point set rapidly because calculation is not iterative. Also the method does not depend on the type of point detection method used and no learning is needed. Independently detected point sets are evaluated through matching to a three-dimensional generic face model. Correspondence error is defined by the distance between the feature points defined in the model and those detected. The proposed criterion is evaluated through experiment using various facial feature point sets on face images.