gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Zero-Voltage-Transition Bidirectional DC/DC Converter (2015)

A three-level (TL) bidirectional dc/dc converter is a suitable choice for power electronic systems with a high-voltage dc link, as the voltage stress on the switches is half and inductor current ripple frequency is twice the converter's switching frequency. This study proposes a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) TL dc/dc converter to enable operation with higher switching frequency in order to achieve higher power density and enhance efficiency. Two identical ZVT cells, each one composed of two resonant inductors, a capacitor, and an auxiliary switch, are integrated with the conventional TL topology to enable soft switching in all four switches in both buck and boost operation modes. In addition, a variable dead-time control is proposed to increase the effective duty ratio at heavy loads. The proposed soft-switching feature has been demonstrated under different loading conditions. A 650-W prototype is designed and fabricated, which exhibits 95.5% at full load.
High-Yielding Staudinger Ligation of a Phosphinothioester and Azide To Form a Peptide (2000)

[figure: see text] The Staudinger ligation can be used to couple a peptide with a C-terminal phosphinothioester to another with an N-terminal alpha-azido group to form a single peptide that contains no residual atoms. Here diphenylphosphinomethanethiol thioesters are shown to give high isolated yields for this transformation. This finding provides precedent for a powerful and versatile new method for the total synthesis of proteins.
Is what you eat and drink safe? detection and identification of microbial contamination in foods and water (2003)

Current technologies for assessing the microbial load in food and water require cellular outgrowth to increase the cell count to a detectable level. This step therefore makes real-time assessment of microbial loads impossible. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a high-sensitivity, multiwavelength fluorescence detector and signal- collection and processing software. This detection system enables one to distinguish between abiotic matter, sporulated bacteria, vegetative bacteria, dead bacteria, and other biomaterials containing aromatic amino acids. Our detection limit is in the 10-100 cell/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> range (or per cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> if bulk aqueous samples are used), and there is no sample contact. To supplement this detection system, we have developed a variety of ligands, including hemin derivatives, peptides, glycoconjugates, and siderophores, for cell capture to circumvent problems associated with antibodies. These materials are tethered to disposable surfaces (glass, plastics) in arrays for use in capturing biomaterials (e.g., live bacterial cells, dead cells, spores, and toxins); identification is based on which sector of an array it binds to. The detection system can serve as a reader for these coated materials, and variants have been tested for use in scanning food surfaces and food wash water.
Crystal structure of β‐galactosidase from <i>Bacillus circulans </i><scp>ATCC</scp> 31382 (BgaD) and the construction of the thermophilic mutants (2015)

Coordinates for the BgaD-D structure have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession code 4YPJ.
Break through the limits of vibroseis data quality (2011)

ABSTRACT The vibroseis method has become the principal data acquisition method in land seismic exploration. It seems that this method has been extended to its limits as the search for energy resources continues. Many practical issues arising from field operations have remained theoretically unexplained, for example, variations in wavelet arrival time, inaccurate wavelet estimation and harmonics in the wavelet itself. The focus of this paper is the proposal of a new model, which is referred to as the vibrator‐coupled ground model, to simulate the filtering effects of a complex coupling system consisting of the coupling between the baseplate and the ground as well as the coupling between the captured ground mass near the vibrator baseplate and the surrounding earth. With this vibrator‐coupled ground model many of the practical issues mentioned above were reasonably addressed. Furthermore, it was demonstrated from experimental tests that both the pilot sweep and the weighted‐sum groundforce, when filtered by the vibrator‐coupled ground model, are proportional to the far‐field particle velocity whereas the unfiltered signals are not. The harmonics on the filtered weighted‐sum groundforce successfully maintain a proportional relationship with the harmonics seen in the far‐field signal.
Abstract 14905: Allele Specific Silencing Prevents Malignant Arrhythmias and Ultrastructural Abnormalities in Ryanodine Receptor Mutant Mice (2016)

Introduction: Mutations in the cardiac Ryanodine Receptor gene (RYR2) are causative of dominant Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT), a leading cause of sudden death in apparently healthy individuals when exposed to emotions or physical exercise. Hypothesis: We investigated the efficacy of allele specific silencing by RNA interference as an innovative therapeutic approach to attenuate clinical manifestations of dominant CPVT. Methods: We developed an in vitro mRNA and protein-based assays to screen multiple siRNAs for their ability to selectively silence the mutant RYR2-R4496C mRNA over the corresponding wild-type allele. For the most performant of these siRNAs (siRYR2-U10), we evaluated the specificity and efficacy of an adeno-associated serotype 9 viral vector (AAV9) expressing the homologous miRNA (miRYR2-U10) in correcting RyR2 function following in vivo delivery in pups RyR2 R4496C/+ mice (1.3 x 10 12 viral particles, 1 week after birth). Results: ECG analysis revealed a high incidence of adrenergically mediated ventricular tachycardia (VT) in AAV9-miRNA-scramble injected mice (SCR), but not in those treated with AAV9-miRYR2-U10 (U10; p Conclusions: The evidence that RNA interference of RyR2-R4496C transcripts preventing life-threatening arrhythmias in CPVT mice raises the possibility that mutant allele specific silencing might benefit CPVT patients.
Structure and content-based segmentation of speech transcripts (2001)

algorithm for the segmentation of an audio/video source into topically cohesive segments based on automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcriptions is presented. A novel two-pass algorithm is described that combines a boundary-based method with a content-based method. In the first pass, the temporal proximity and the rate of arrival of ngram features is analyzed in order to compute an initial segmentation. In the content- based second pass, changes in content-bearing words are detected by using the ngram features as queries in an information-retrieval system. The second pass validates the initial segments and merges them as needed. Feasibility of the segmentation task can vary enormously depending on the structure of the audio content, and the accuracy of ASR. For real-world corporate training data our method identifies, at worst, a single salient segment of the audio and, at best, a high-level table-of-contents. We illustrate the algorithm in detail with some examples and validate the results with segmentation boundaries generated manually.
A separation and minimum wire length constrained maze routing algorithm under nanometer wiring rules (2013)

Due to process limitations, wiring rules are imposed by foundries on chip layout. Under nanometer wiring rules, the required separation between two wire ends is dependent on their surrounding wires, and there is a limit on the minimum length of each wire segment. Yet, traditional maze routing algorithms are not designed to handle these rules, so rule violations are corrected by post-processing and the quality of result is seriously impacted. For this reason, we propose a new maze routing algorithm capable of handling these wiring rules. The proposed algorithm is proved to find a legal shortest path with time complexity of O(n), where n is the number of grid points. Experiments with seven tight industrial cases show that the runtime of a commercial router is reduced by 2.4 times and the total wire length is also reduced by 3% on average.
Synthetic Routes to a Constrained Ring Analog of Didemnin B (1996)

The didemnin class of biologically active cyclodepsipeptides, isolated from a marine tunicate, has shown antitumor, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. Synthetic studies were undertaken to prepare a modified analog of one of the most potent congeners, didemnin B (1). The side chain of the isostatine unit was tethered into the macrocycle viaa cyclohexane ring in order to provide a more rigid conformation and determine the importance of this unit in bioactive compounds. This modification created a new macrocycle core and generated a diastereomeric mixture of a constrained analog of didemnin B (2).
Power and scalability analysis of multi-plane optical interconnection networks (2012)

The scalability of current electrical interconnection networks will be soon limited by their power consumption and dissipation. To overcome such an issue, multi-plane optical interconnection networks have been proposed. Multi-plane networks are composed of a number of cards, each of them supporting a number of ports, interconnected through a passive optical backplane. Two switching domains are envisioned to be exploited allowing for flexible switching of data packets across all ports and cards. This study considers three different implementations that are representative of the multi-plane optical interconnection networks based on space and wavelength switching. The implementations differ from each other in the switching domain used. The aim of the work is to investigate the power consumption and scalability of the three implementations, based on state-of-the-art 40 Gb/s technology. The physical layer analysis and the power consumption assessment including both electronic and optical components indicate that the implementation can impact on the scalability as well as the power consumption. The arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG)-based implementation is found to suffer from scalability and power consumption issues. On the other hand, an implementation based on active switches shows an energy efficiency similar to the coupler-based implementation, but a four-fold scalability increase.
Active snubbers to eliminate diode reverse recovery and achieve zero-current turn-off in DC-DC converters (2002)

This paper presents a new active snubber topology for bridge-type converters. The snubber circuit reduces the turn-off current of the primary switches to zero prior to their turn-off, and thus significantly reduces their turnoff loss. The snubber circuit also clamps all secondary diodes at their turn-off and recovers all the diode reverse recovery energy. There is no duty cycle loss associated with the soft commutation, and the power loss of the auxiliary circuit is kept low even at extreme operating points (e.g. full duty cycle, short-circuit, or light load DCM operation).
OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: Results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 2 trial (2010)

Objectives: This is the second of a pair of studies designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX®) for prophylaxis of headaches in adults with chronic migraine. Methods: PREEMPT 2 was a phase 3 study, with a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase, followed by a 32-week, open-label phase. Subjects were randomized (1:1) to injections of onabotulinumtoxinA (155U–195U; n = 347) or placebo ( n = 358) every 12 weeks for two cycles. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change in headache days per 28 days from baseline to weeks 21–24 post-treatment. Results: OnabotulinumtoxinA was statistically significantly superior to placebo for the primary endpoint, frequency of headache days per 28 days relative to baseline (−9.0 onabotulinumtoxinA/−6.7 placebo, p < .001). OnabotulinumtoxinA was significantly favoured in all secondary endpoint comparisons. OnabotulinumtoxinA was safe and well tolerated, with few treatment-related adverse events. Few patients (3.5% onabotulinumtoxinA/1.4% placebo) discontinued due to adverse events. Conclusions: The results of PREEMPT 2 demonstrate that onabotulinumtoxinA is effective for prophylaxis of headache in adults with chronic migraine. Repeated onabotulinumtoxinA treatments were safe and well tolerated.
Digital in-line holography with numerical reconstruction: 4D tracking of microstructures and organisms (2003)

Using holographic microscopy we have been able to visualize submicron-sized. bacteria in-vivo. A simple holographic method enables us to capture as a single data set the trajectories of micron size objects suspended in water. By subtracting consecutive holograms of a particle suspension and then adding these difference holograms, a final data set is constructed that contains the time evolution of the particle trajectories free from spurious background interference effects. Temporal and spatial resolution at the sub-second and sub-micron levels can easily be achieved. The method is illustrated by recording the motion in 3-D of 5μm diameter latex spheres subject to gravity and electrostatic fields to visualize their micro-fluidic flow. Another example is the 3-D motion of a collection of algae, protozoa and bacteria in water.
A novel white-light-emitting conjugated polymer derived from polyfluorene with a hyperbranched structure (2015)

A novel white-light hyperbranched conjugated polymer utilizing polyfluorene as the branches and Ir(piq)<sub>3</sub> as the cores has been investigated.
Immunological manipulation of adiposity (1992)

Although hormonal regulators of adiposity are available they as yet have not been licensed for use. Withdrawal periods and delivery systems are still potential problems in maximizing their effectiveness. Immunization techniques, on the other hand, suffer none of the problems of withdrawal periods or requirement for frequent injection/implantation. As such they are clearly perceived as safe, economic and should have a positive animal welfare image. They are, however, not without their problems. Active immunization in particular involves an autoimmune response and this is typically difficult to evoke and virtually impossible to regulate. In addition, the fact that antibodies may have immunoneutralizing and immunoenhancing properties may explain the apparently contradictory results obtained in various studies as, for example, in the case of immunization against somatostatin. As our knowledge of immune responsiveness and its control increases, however, the possibilities for immune intervention should increase considerably. We may then be faced with ethical rather than practical limitations as to how far we should manipulate growth and body composition.
<title>Color Center Lasers For The 0.8 - 2.0 μm Range</title> (1981)

Doping of alkali halide crystals with large amounts (10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-2</sup>) of OH<sup>-</sup> and SH- defects can be used to drastically increase the production and stabilization of laseractive ionized F-aggregate centers like the F<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and (F<sup>+</sup><sub>2</sub>)<sub>A</sub>-centers. Using this technique tuneable cw laser operation is achieved for the first time with F<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> -centers in NaCl, KCl and KBr. Furthermore a short x-ray exposure reactivates centers thermally destroyed after RT storage. With F<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> -center lasers now the spectral range between o.8 and 2.o μm can nearly be covered. Slope efficiencies up to 6o % and single mode output powers in the range of 1 W have been obtained.
Estimating the prevalence of deception in online review communities (2012)

Consumers' purchase decisions are increasingly influenced by user-generated online reviews. Accordingly, there has been growing concern about the potential for posting deceptive opinion spam---fictitious reviews that have been deliberately written to sound authentic, to deceive the reader. But while this practice has received considerable public attention and concern, relatively little is known about the actual prevalence, or rate, of deception in online review communities, and less still about the factors that influence it.
Dual complementary source antenna element with high gain and low profile characteristics (2015)

This paper demonstrates a novel ME dipole antenna element design with dual excitation sources. Same as the original ME dipole, the proposed antenna has the excellent radiation characteristics of wideband, low back radiation and high polarization purity for both single and dual linear polarization. In addition, it has the characteristics of lower profile and higher gain as well. High input ports isolation is achieved in the dual polarization design. These advanced performances cannot be achieved by the conventional ME dipoles.
Drug Delivery: Microneedles Integrated with Pancreatic Cells and Synthetic Glucose‐Signal Amplifiers for Smart Insulin Delivery (Adv. Mater. 16/2016) (2016)

A bio-responsive microneedle-based patch, integrated with a rhodamine-stained glucose-signal amplifier and calcein-AM-stained pancreatic β-cell capsules, is developed by Z. Gu and co-workers. This "smart cell patch", described on page 3115, effectively regulates the blood glucose level of type-1 diabetic mice, achieving a reduction for over 10 h. Image credit: Yanqi Ye.
Integrated dual-modality microfluidic sensor for biomarker detection using lithographic plasmonic crystal (2018)

This paper reports an integrated dual-modality microfluidic sensor chip, consisting of a patterned periodic array of nanoposts coated with gold (Au) and graphene oxide (GO), to detect target biomarker molecules in a limited sample volume. The device generates both electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signals from a single sensing area of Au-GO nanoposts. The Au-GO nanoposts are functionalized with specific receptor molecules, serving as a spatially well-defined nanostructured working electrode for electrochemical sensing, as well as a nanostructured plasmonic crystal for SPR-based sensing via the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. High sensitivity of the electrochemical measurement originates from the presence of the nanoposts on the surface of the working electrode where radial diffusion of redox species occurs. Complementarily, the SPR detection allows convenient tracking of dynamic antigen-antibody interactions, to describe the association and dissociation phases occurring at the sensor surface. The soft-lithographically formed nanoposts provide high reproducibility of the sensor response to epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB2) molecules even at a femtomolar level. Sensitivities of the electrochemical measurements to ErbB2 are found to be 20.47 μA μM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> in a range from 1 fM to 0.1 μM, and those of the SPR measurements to be 1.35 nm μM<sup>-1</sup> in a range from 10 pM to 1 nM, and 0.80 nm μM<sup>-1</sup> in a range from 1 nM to 0.1 μM. The integrated dual-modality sensor offers higher sensitivity (through higher surface area and diffusions from nanoposts for electrochemical measurements), as well as the dynamic measurements of antigen-antibody bindings (through the SPR measurement), while operating simultaneously in a same sensing area using the same sample volume.
SAMTOR is an S-adenosylmethionine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway (2017)

mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to multiple environmental cues. Nutrients signal via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) to promote the localization of mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. We identified SAMTOR, a previously uncharacterized protein, which inhibits mTORC1 signaling by interacting with GATOR1, the GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RagA/B. We found that the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) disrupts the SAMTOR-GATOR1 complex by binding directly to SAMTOR with a dissociation constant of approximately 7 μM. In cells, methionine starvation reduces SAM levels below this dissociation constant and promotes the association of SAMTOR with GATOR1, thereby inhibiting mTORC1 signaling in a SAMTOR-dependent fashion. Methionine-induced activation of mTORC1 requires the SAM binding capacity of SAMTOR. Thus, SAMTOR is a SAM sensor that links methionine and one-carbon metabolism to mTORC1 signaling.
Versatility of metal halide perovskites: insight from atomic scale modelling (2019)

International audience
Whole blood stabilization for the microfluidic isolation and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (2017)

Precise rare-cell technologies require the blood to be processed immediately or be stabilized with fixatives. Such restrictions limit the translation of circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based liquid biopsy assays that provide accurate molecular data in guiding clinical decisions. Here we describe a method to preserve whole blood in its minimally altered state by combining hypothermic preservation with targeted strategies that counter cooling-induced platelet activation. Using this method, whole blood preserved for up to 72 h can be readily processed for microfluidic sorting without compromising CTC yield and viability. The tumor cells retain high-quality intact RNA suitable for single-cell RT-qPCR as well as RNA-Seq, enabling the reliable detection of cancer-specific transcripts including the androgen-receptor splice variant 7 in a cohort of prostate cancer patients with an overall concordance of 92% between fresh and preserved blood. This work will serve as a springboard for the dissemination of diverse blood-based diagnostics.
Critical event prediction for proactive management in large-scale computer clusters (2003)

As the complexity of distributed computing systems increases, systems management tasks require significantly higher levels of automation; examples include diagnosis and prediction based on real-time streams of computer events, setting alarms, and performing continuous monitoring. The core of autonomic computing, a recently proposed initiative towards next-generation IT-systems capable of 'self-healing', is the ability to analyze data in real-time and to predict potential problems. The goal is to avoid catastrophic failures through prompt execution of remedial actions.This paper describes an attempt to build a proactive prediction and control system for large clusters. We collected event logs containing various system reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) events, and system activity reports (SARs) from a 350-node cluster system for a period of one year. The 'raw' system health measurements contain a great deal of redundant event data, which is either repetitive in nature or misaligned with respect to time. We applied a filtering technique and modeled the data into a set of primary and derived variables. These variables used probabilistic networks for establishing event correlations through prediction algorithms. We also evaluated the role of time-series methods, rule-based classification algorithms and Bayesian network models in event prediction.Based on historical data, our results suggest that it is feasible to predict system performance parameters (SARs) with a high degree of accuracy using time-series models. Rule-based classification techniques can be used to extract machine-event signatures to predict critical events with up to 70% accuracy.