gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of FMRP, the protein deficient in fragile X syndrome (1995)

Abstract Fragile X syndrome results from a massive trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene FMR1. Methylation of FMR1 occurs as a result of this expansion, causing transcriptional silencing. Therefore, the absence of FMR protein (FMRP) appears to result in fragile X syndrome. Characterization of the gene and its expression, as well as the cellular localization and functional properties of the protein, provide insight into how the absence of FMRP results in mental retardation and the related phenotype. Alternative splicing of FMR1 transcripts leads to protein isoforms and suggests that this cell is functionally diverse. Among vertebrates, FMRP is highly conserved at the amino acid level and localizes mainly to the cytoplasm. The presence of two protein sequence motifs, the RGG box and the KH domain, suggests that FMRP is an RNA‐binding protein. Direct experimentation shows that FMRP is capable of binding its own RNA in vitro, as well as a subset of brain‐derived messages. Further understanding of how these interactions take place and identification of those genes having messages that interact will provide insight into the mechanisms of cognitive function in humans. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast fan/parallel beam CS-based low-dose CT reconstruction (2013)

Low dose X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is clinically desired to reduce the risk of cancer caused by X-ray radiation. Compressed Sensing (CS), which allows images to be formed from incomplete data, enables large dose reduction to be achieved. Though this remains to be clinically unrealized due to excessive computation times. In this paper we demonstrate a fast, complete CS-based ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -TV minimizing CT reconstruction method applicable to both parallel and fan beam geometries to recover high quality images from highly undersampled (thus low-dose) data. We apply the fast pseudo-polar Fourier algorithm and the Central Slice Theorem to reduce the computation time of CS recovery. On a typical desktop computer, we are able to reconstruct a 512×512 CT image in approximately 30 seconds: a clinically-significant speedup compared to the many hours required by previous CS methods.
Prognostic value of plasma prostate specific antigen after megestrol acetate treatment in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma (1999)

The measurement of plasma PSA after treatment with MA allows for patient classification into two groups. The group that did not demonstrate any changes in their plasma PSA level after MA treatment (approximately 50% of the patients) had a significantly better prognosis. The group that did demonstrate an increase in their plasma PSA level after MA treatment represented a subset of patients who may benefit more from MA withdrawal and the initiation of alternative regimens. However, these data need further confirmation with a larger pool of patients.
Charging-free electrochemical system for harvesting low-grade thermal energy (2014)

Efficient and low-cost systems are needed to harvest the tremendous amount of energy stored in low-grade heat sources (<100 °C). Thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) is an attractive approach which uses the temperature dependence of electrochemical cell voltage to construct a thermodynamic cycle for direct heat-to-electricity conversion. By varying temperature, an electrochemical cell is charged at a lower voltage than discharge, converting thermal energy to electricity. Most TREC systems still require external electricity for charging, which complicates system designs and limits their applications. Here, we demonstrate a charging-free TREC consisting of an inexpensive soluble Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) redox pair and solid Prussian blue particles as active materials for the two electrodes. In this system, the spontaneous directions of the full-cell reaction are opposite at low and high temperatures. Therefore, the two electrochemical processes at both low and high temperatures in a cycle are discharge. Heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.0% can be reached for the TREC operating between 20 and 60 °C. This charging-free TREC system may have potential application for harvesting low-grade heat from the environment, especially in remote areas.
Template Aware Coverage (2017)

Understanding the relationship between coverage and test-templates (a generic term we use to describe the inputs for the random stimuli generator) is an important layer in understanding the state and progress of the verification process. Today, this is extremely hard to achieve and is based on expert knowledge. Template Aware Coverage (TAC) is a novel approach to meeting this challenge. Based on collecting statistics of the relations between coverage and test-templates, TAC maintains these statistics in efficient data structures. It also introduces analytics means to provide useful information based on this data. Template Aware Coverage is currently being used in the verification of a high-end processor systems, where it significantly helps hitting hard-to-hit coverage events as well as never hit events.
Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotube Sheet Nanocomposites: Fabrication and Characterization (2013)

Practical approaches are needed to take advantage of the nanometer-scale mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at the macroscopic scale. This study was conducted to elucidate the salient factors that can maximize the mechanical properties of nanocomposites fabricated from commercially available CNT sheets. The CNT sheets were modified by stretching to improve CNT alignment and in situ polymerization using polyaniline (PANI), a π-conjugated conductive polymer, as a binder. The resulting CNT nanocomposites were subsequently postprocessed by hot pressing and/or high temperature treatment to carbonize the PANI as a means to improve mechanical properties. The PANI/CNT nanocomposites demonstrated significant improvement in mechanical properties compared to pristine CNT sheets. The highest specific tensile strength of PANI/stretched CNT nanocomposite was 484 MPa/(g/cm3), which was achieved in a sample with ∼42 wt % of PANI. This specimen was fabricated by in situ polymerization followed by hot pressing. The highest specific Young's modulus of 17.1 GPa/(g/cm3) was measured on a sample that was hot-pressed and carbonized. In addition, the highest DC-electrical conductivity of 621 S/cm was obtained on a sample prepared by in situ polymerization of PANI on a stretched CNT sheet.
ECPR (electrochemical pattern replication): metal printing for advanced packaging applications (2005)

ECPR (electrochemical pattern replication) is a new fabrication process for the production of microstructures in conducting materials. Using ECPR, the cost of metallization for advanced packaging solutions can be significantly reduced compared to using lithography based processes. The technology utilizes a reusable master electrode for electrochemical pattern replication, which enables direct metallization with short cycle times, high throughput and comparably low equipment investments. ECPR provides metallization on most substrates such as silicon wafers, ceramic substrates and flexible or rigid organic substrates. The technique currently enables pattern transfer of copper structures down to 5/5 /spl mu/m line/space with uniform material distribution and high resolution patterns with small line width variations. Results from replication studies on both ultrathin polyimide substrates and silicon wafers are presented.
Near-Field Plates: Metamaterial Surfaces/Arrays for Subwavelength Focusing and Probing (2011)

In this paper, we present a brief overview of near-field plates, which are nonperiodic grating-like surfaces/arrays that can focus electromagnetic field to subwavelength resolutions. The general properties of near-field plates are described, and the procedure used to design these devices is outlined. The design of two separate near-field plates is discussed in detail. One of the near-field plates produces a subwavelength line (1-D) focus while the other a spot (2-D) focus. Potential applications of near-field plates are also reviewed.
Microscale Thermal-Transpiration Gas Pump (2003)

A recent addition to the growing class of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is a single stage of a Knudsen compressor. This device was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of Knudsen compressors as miniature vacuum pumps for future portable scientific instruments. The attributes of Knudsen compressors that make them attractive as miniature vacuum pumps are that they contain no moving parts and operate without need for lubricants or working fluids.
Data-Driven Interpretation of Array Logs in Vertical and Deviated Wells (2007)

Abstract We present a new method that is designed for accurate formation resistivity Rt estimation using inversion of galvanic or induction array logs acquired in vertical and deviated wells. At the first step, the method generates a near-borehole resistivity structure of a fixed thickness using inversion of the shallow-reading log measurements. At this step, the method does not aim for accurate estimation of Rxo but determines the parameters of an equivalent near-borehole zone that enables explaining (or fitting) only the shallow measurements. At the second step, the method determines the virgin zone resistivity, Rt, using inversion of the deep-reading logs in the model, which includes an equivalent near-borehole zone determined at the previous step. Because at each step the method performs inversion for a single model parameter, it enables fast and stable reconstruction of the Rt. To illustrate how the method can be used in practice, we present two field examples using array induction (2D case) and array lateral log (3D case) data.
Self Assembly–Assisted Additive Manufacturing: Direct Ink Write 3D Printing of Epoxy–Amine Thermosets (2018)

Abstract The use of self‐assembling, pre‐polymer materials in 3D printing is rare, due to difficulties of facilitating printing with low molecular weight species and preserving their reactivity and/or functions on the macroscale. Akin to 3D printing of small molecules, examples of extrusion‐based printing of pre‐polymer thermosets are uncommon, arising from their limited rheological tuneability and slow reactions kinetics. The direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing of a two‐part resin, Epon 828 and Jeffamine D230, using a self‐assembly approach is reported. Through the addition of self‐assembling, ureidopyrimidinone‐modified Jeffamine D230 and nanoclay filler, suitable viscoelastic properties are obtained, enabling 3D printing of the epoxy–amine pre‐polymer resin. A significant increase in viscosity is observed, with an infinite shear rate viscosity of approximately two orders of magnitude higher than control resins, in addition to, an increase in yield strength and thixotropic behavior. Printing of simple geometries is demonstrated with parts showing excellent interlayer adhesion, unachievable using control resins.
Development of Novel Benzomorpholine Class of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase I Inhibitors (2014)

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) presents itself as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes for its important role in triglyceride biosynthesis. Herein we report the rational design of a novel class of DGAT1 inhibitors featuring a benzomorpholine core (23n). SAR exploration yielded compounds with good potency and selectivity as well as reasonable physical and pharmacokinetic properties. This class of DGAT1 inhibitors was tested in rodent models to evaluate DGAT1 inhibition as a novel approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Compound 23n conferred weight loss and a reduction in liver triglycerides when dosed chronically in mice with diet-induced obesity and depleted serum triglycerides following a lipid challenge.
A highly efficient wideband asymmetric Doherty power amplifier with 10 dB output power back-off (2013)

In this paper, the design and optimisation of a 10 W wideband asymmetric Doherty power amplifier (ADPA) with 10 dB output power back-off (OBO) at 2.14 GHz is presented. The amplifier has been optimised to achieve wideband operation and high efficiency over the whole dynamic range for systems accommodating high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals. By eliminating the impedance transformation network (ITN) and lowering the impedance transformation ratio (ITR) of the output combiner, the bandwidth and efficiency of the ADPA can be simultaneously improved, especially the peak efficiency at back-off (BO). The evenly-driven ADPA has been implemented using 6 W and 10 W GaN-HEMTs as carrier and peaking devices, respectively. The measured peak drain (η) and power-added (PAE) efficiencies are 75.7 % and 64.3 %, respectively at 1 dB compression point output power of 40.6 dBm. The corresponding η and PAE at 10 dB OBO are measured to be 66.7 % and 53.7 %, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency of a wideband (250 MHz) ADPA ever reported at this frequency.
Rapid Gas Hydrate Formation Processes: Will They Work? (2010)

Researchers at DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) have been investigating the formation of synthetic gas hydrates, with an emphasis on rapid and continuous hydrate formation techniques. The investigations focused on unconventional methods to reduce dissolution, induction, nucleation and crystallization times associated with natural and synthetic hydrates studies conducted in the laboratory. Numerous experiments were conducted with various high-pressure cells equipped with instrumentation to study rapid and continuous hydrate formation. The cells ranged in size from 100 mL for screening studies to proof-of-concept studies with NETL’s 15-Liter Hydrate Cell. Results from this work demonstrate that the rapid and continuous formation of methane hydrate is possible at predetermined temperatures and pressures within the stability zone of a Methane Hydrate Stability Curve (see Figure 1).
Long wavelength infrared (λ≂11 μm) quantum cascade lasers (1996)

AlInAs/GaInAs quantum cascade (QC) lasers operating at λ=11.2 μm wavelength are reported. In pulsed operation the peak power is in excess of 50 mW at 110 K heat sink temperature and the devices have been operated at temperatures as high as 200 K. Continuous wave single-mode operation with powers ≂7 mW at 10 K has been achieved. This work, combined with our previous reports on QC lasers, demonstrates that these new light sources can be tailored, by suitable quantum design, over a wide wavelength range (4–11 μm) using the same heterostructure material.
Emotion-Controllable Generalized Talking Face Generation (2022)

Despite the significant progress in recent years, very few of the AI-based talking face generation methods attempt to render natural emotions. Moreover, the scope of the methods is majorly limited to the characteristics of the training dataset, hence they fail to generalize to arbitrary unseen faces. In this paper, we propose a one-shot facial geometry-aware emotional talking face generation method that can generalize to arbitrary faces. We propose a graph convolutional neural network that uses speech content feature, along with an independent emotion input to generate emotion and speech-induced motion on facial geometry-aware landmark representation. This representation is further used in our optical flow-guided texture generation network for producing the texture. We propose a two-branch texture generation network, with motion and texture branches designed to consider the motion and texture content independently. Compared to the previous emotion talking face methods, our method can adapt to arbitrary faces captured in-the-wild by fine-tuning with only a single image of the target identity in neutral emotion.
Resolving phase ambiguity in dual‐echo dixon imaging using a projected power method (2016)

The proposed method can achieve fast and robust phase error estimation in dual-echo Dixon imaging. Magn Reson Med 77:2066-2076, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Intelligent edge processing with photonic multilevel memory (2020)

Here we demonstrate an on-chip programmable multi-level non-volatile photonic memory used as node in a photonic neural network that effortlessly perform inference at the edge of the network as a passive and reprogrammable filter.
Real time optical correlator architectures using a deformable mirror spatial light modulator (1989)

The recent production of a deformable mirror device (DMD) spatial light modulator has naturally led to techniques of using this device in popular optical correlator architectures. In this paper, the DMD is used in both joint transform and VanderLugt arrangements. In some cases, the DMD is used as the input device to a single stage joint transform correlator, and in other cases it is used as the filter device in a VanderLugt correlator. A liquid crystal TV is also used for real time addressing of filters displayed on the DMD.
Epitope map of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 derived from 47 monoclonal antibodies produced by immunization with oligomeric envelope protein (1997)

The biologically relevant form of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) glycoprotein is oligomeric, with the major points of contact between oligomeric partners located in the ectodomain of gp41. To identify and map conserved epitopes and regions in gp41 where structure is influenced by quaternary interactions, we used a panel of 38 conformation-dependent and 9 conformation-independent anti-gp41 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced by immunization of mice with oligomeric Env protein. By cross-competition experiments using these MAbs and several others previously described, six distinct antigenic determinants were identified and mapped. Three of these determinants are conformational in nature and dependent in part on Env oligomeric structure. MAbs to two of these determinants were broadly cross-reactive with Env proteins derived from primary virus strains. The prevalence of antibodies in HIV-1-positive human sera to the antigenic determinants was determined by the ability of such sera to block binding of MAbs to Env protein. Strong blocking activity that correlated with cross-reactivity was found.
High-Performance Graphene Oxide Nanofiltration Membranes for Black Liquor Concentration (2019)

Black liquor (BL) concentration by multieffect evaporation is an extremely energy-intensive operation in the kraft pulping cycle. Membranes can significantly save energy in this process, but conventional membranes are strongly challenged by low solute rejections and poor stability in BL, which is a complex mixture containing dissolved lignin, other nonlignin organics, multiple inorganic salts at highly alkaline pH, and process temperatures of 70–85 °C. Here we describe in detail the fabrication, modification, and characterization of robust and high-performance graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration membranes for BL concentration. We show that poly(ether sulfone) (PES)-supported GO membranes prepared from chemically reduced GO, and then subjected to high-pressure hydraulic compaction, show excellent chemical and mechanical stability under real BL conditions in comparison to conventional GO membranes. These membranes (referred to as “GO-3” in this work) show near-perfect (>99%) lignin rejection, high total organic carbon (TOC) rejection (up to 93%), and greatly improved inorganic rejections especially for divalent anions that are predominant in BL. Finally, the GO-3 membranes are scaled up on larger PES sheets (∼660 cm2 in size) and are operated under realistic cross-flow conditions with real BL feed flow rates as high as 10 L/min at 70 °C. The GO-3 membranes show robust performance over more than 1500 h (60 days) of continuous operation in multiple cycles of 10–50 bar transmembrane pressures, attaining stable and sustained permeate fluxes as high as 25 LMH and excellent rejection performance equal to that obtained at smaller scale. The main results of this work have strong implications on the development of membrane processes for BL dewatering and more generally for processing of complex biorefinery feed streams.
High efficiency CW green-pumped alexandrite lasers (2006)

High power, CW and pulsed alexandrite lasers were produced by pumping the laser rod with a high quality diode pumped 532 nm laser sources. This pumping architecture provides stable performance with output power > 1.4 W at 767nm in the free running mode and 0.78W at 1000 Hz. An output of 80 mW at 375.5 nm was achieved at 500 Hz. This approach holds promise for the production of a scalable diode-pumped, tunable alexandrite laser systems operating in the near infrared (750 nm), and the ultraviolet (375 and 250 nm) spectral regions.
Optical fabrication issues in excimer laser keratomileusis (1988)

The ablation characteristics of the output of an ArF excimer laser at 193 nm when applied to the corneal tissue have received much attention because they offer the prospect of correcting visual errors by actually reshaping the cornea. The reshaping of the cornea is done by projecting onto the cornea the image of a small aperture, which is in effect etched onto the cornea with every pulse of the laser. The extent and type of correction under consideration (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) determine the shape of the aperture as well as its trajectory onto the cornea. The summation of the elementary ablations over the cornea yields the global required ablation. Mathematical developments explaining how the shape of the apertures as well as their trajectories are determined to obtain a given correction are explained. Optical components other than the cornea could be machined in an analogous manner.
Effect of Surface Roughness and Crystal Shape on Performance of Bismuth Germanate Scintillators (1986)

To improve the scintillation output of bismuth germanate scintillators, the influence of surface roughness and crystal shape has been experimentally studied. We found that an optimum scintillation output is obtained for an appropriate aspect ratio of the scintillator, i.e., its length “ h ” to width “ a ” ( h / a ), depending on their surface roughness. A high scintillation light output can be obtained for polished scintillator surfaces when h / a >6, but for rough surfaces when h / a <6. In addition, when scintillator surfaces are provided with a reflective coating, the light output is markedly improved. The dependence of the light output on the surface roughness and crystal shape is discussed in terms of the transmission loss inside the scintillator and the reflection loss at the surface.