gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Syracuse University Library Radius Project: Development of a non-destructive playback system for cylinder recordings (2003)

Syracuse University Library's Belfer Audio Laboratory and Archive (Belfer) holds nearly 20,000 cylinder recordings produced during the 'cylinder era' of 1895-1929. Many cylinders have become deteriorated over the past one hundred years and cannot be played without suffering serious physical damage inflicted by the sharp styli (needles) of traditional mechanical playback machines. In some cases, even one pass of a stylus may irrevocably damage a cylinder. In response to the playback challenges of cylinder recordings, Syracuse University Library developed the Radius Project: Development of a Non-Destructive Playback System for Cylinder Recordings, funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services. Recorded sound on a cylinder is represented by the alternating motion/velocity of the groove over a period of time. In order to capture sounds from cylinders in a non-destructive way, the Radius Project developed a prototype playback system that uses a laser beam to interrogate the cylinder. The system reconstructs sounds from cylinders by using an optical heterodyne interferometer to exploit the temporal, rather than spatial, coherence of the laser. The interferometer obtains a precise measurement of the Doppler frequency shift (the rate of change of optical phase shift) caused by the motion of the modulated groove in the cylinder, using wavelength of light as the unit of measure. The ability of the Radius system to measure the rate of change of optical phase shift may provide the optimal approach for reconstructing historically accurate sound from cylinder recordings. Successful completion of the Radius system will provide Belfer with the capability to preserve the sonic content of previously inaccessible cylinder recordings by producing high fidelity, historically accurate analog reproductions. In turn, and as copyright permits, Belfer will also be able to meet the changing needs and expectations of twenty-first century learners by contributing high fidelity, historically accurate digitized sounds from cylinders, thereby enriching the historical content of the World Wide Web.
Cavitation clouds created by shock scattering from bubbles during histotripsy (2011)

Histotripsy is a therapy that focuses short-duration, high-amplitude pulses of ultrasound to incite a localized cavitation cloud that mechanically breaks down tissue. To investigate the mechanism of cloud formation, high-speed photography was used to observe clouds generated during single histotripsy pulses. Pulses of 5-20 cycles duration were applied to a transparent tissue phantom by a 1-MHz spherically focused transducer. Clouds initiated from single cavitation bubbles that formed during the initial cycles of the pulse, and grew along the acoustic axis opposite the propagation direction. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that clouds form as a result of large negative pressure generated by the backscattering of shockwaves from a single bubble. The positive-pressure phase of the wave inverts upon scattering and superimposes on the incident negative-pressure phase to create this negative pressure and cavitation. The process repeats with each cycle of the incident wave, and the bubble cloud elongates toward the transducer. Finite-amplitude propagation distorts the incident wave such that the peak-positive pressure is much greater than the peak-negative pressure, which exaggerates the effect. The hypothesis was tested with two modified incident waves that maintained negative pressure but reduced the positive pressure amplitude. These waves suppressed cloud formation which supported the hypothesis.
Identification of a haloalkaliphilic and thermostable cellulase with improved ionic liquid tolerance (2011)

Some ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to be very effective solvents for biomass pretreatment. It is known that some ILs can have a strong inhibitory effect on fungal cellulases, making the digestion of cellulose inefficient in the presence of ILs. The identification of IL-tolerant enzymes that could be produced as a cellulase cocktail would reduce the costs and water use requirements of the IL pretreatment process. Due to their adaptation to high salinity environments, halophilic enzymes are hypothesized to be good candidates for screening and identifying IL-resistant cellulases. Using a genome-based approach, we have identified and characterized a halophilic cellulase (Hu-CBH1) from the halophilic archaeon, Halorhabdus utahensis. Hu-CBH1 is present in a gene cluster containing multiple putative cellulolytic enzymes. Sequence and theoretical structure analysis indicate that Hu-CBH1 is highly enriched with negatively charged acidic amino acids on the surface, which may form a solvation shell that may stabilize the enzyme, through interaction with salt ions and/or water molecules. Hu-CBH1 is a heat tolerant haloalkaliphilic cellulase and is active in salt concentrations up to 5 M NaCl. In high salt buffer, Hu-CBH1 can tolerate alkali (pH 11.5) conditions and, more importantly, is tolerant to high levels (20% w/w) of ILs, including 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl). Interestingly, the tolerances to heat, alkali and ILs are found to be salt-dependent, suggesting that the enzyme is stabilized by the presence of salt. Our results indicate that halophilic enzymes are good candidates for the screening of IL-tolerant cellulolytic enzymes.
Scheduling schemes for delay graphs with applications to optical packet networks (2004)

We revisit the problem of scheduling optical packet switched networks such as packet switches, WDM rings, and general mesh structures, when propagation delays are not negligible. We use a general model based on delay graphs, and show that several optical packet switched networks can be modeled using this abstraction. We devise mechanisms that take into account propagation delays and can achieve 100% throughput for admissible traffic patterns, when traffic demands are known. We then present necessary and sufficient conditions for providing 100% throughput in such graphs.
A Miniaturized UWB Biplanar Yagi-Like MIMO Antenna System (2017)

A novel 2-element ultrawideband Yagi-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented based on loop excitation. Half of the driven loop element is implemented on each side of the substrate, which not only reduces the overall size of the antenna by 45%, but also increases its bandwidth significantly. The center frequency of operation is 5.8 GHz targeting WLAN applications. The proposed design has a wide measured bandwidth of 2.401 GHz covering 4.183-6.584 GHz. The proposed compact MIMO antenna system has an overall size of 50 × 80 × 0.76 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> with a single element size of 50 × 40 × 0.76 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The proposed Yagi antenna has high directional radiation characteristics with a minimum measured front-to-back ratio of 18 dB, minimum measured gain of 6 dBi, and directivity of 6.6 dB using a single director element only, at 5.8 GHz. It has a minimum measured isolation of 17 dB, measured maximum envelope correlation coefficient value of 0.0568, and measured total efficiency above 80% across the band of operation.
Custom-Built Miniature Continuous Crystallization System with Pressure-Driven Suspension Transfer (2016)

At the bench scale, the transfer of solid–liquid streams between reaction vessels or crystallizers that operate continuously poses a significant problem. Reduced equipment size of pumps and valves (i.e., approaching that on the microfluidic scale) means even further reduced orifices in which suspensions must attempt to flow. It forces bridging of solids and leads to blockages in flow. This study presents a new pressure-driven flow crystallizer (PDFC) with a custom-built suspension transfer pumping system. In the system, a dip tube is used to carry suspension between crystallizers by controlling the pressure differences of the crystallizers. This novel system has a small footprint on the scale of similar benchtop flow synthesis systems and has been demonstrated to operate continuously with intermittent withdrawal for at least 24 h. The system accommodates both cooling and antisolvent crystallization. It is compatible with a variety of solvents, can handle crystals with large and small aspect ratios, and can also handle a large range of crystal sizes and suspension density. The miniature design of the system requires as little as 0.36 psig (0.025 bar(g)) pressure to operate and a design equation can be used to guide the estimation of the minimum pressure needed for the transfer of suspensions at larger scales.
Dynamic angle selection in X-ray computed tomography (2013)

In X-ray tomography, a number of radiographs (projections) are recorded from which a tomogram is then reconstructed. Conventionally, these projections are acquired equiangularly, which intrinsically assumes that the information added by each projection does not depend on the angular spacing. However, especially in case when only a limited number of projections can be acquired, the selection of the angles has a large impact on the quality of the reconstructed image. In this paper, a dynamic algorithm is proposed, in which the new projection angle is selected by maximizing the information gain about the object, over the set of possible new angles. Experiments show that this approach can select projection angles for which the accuracy of the reconstructed image is significantly higher compared to the standard angle selection scheme. 1.
Cooperative Combining of Cumulants-Based Modulation Classification in CR Networks (2014)

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is a key enabling technology in Cognitive Radio (CR) Networks. The ability of CR transceivers to detect and classify unknown wireless signals has various applications in civilian and military domains. Performance of AMC degrades severely under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and variable channel conditions. Cooperative classification has been presented as a means to overcome the detrimental channel effects by combining the results from physically scattered CR nodes. In this work, Maximum Likelihood (ML) combining of classification features is presented as a data fusion algorithm that provides better classification accuracy compared to hard decision combining algorithms without high network overhead. The performance of a cumulants-based modulation classifier under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is analyzed. The enhancement in classification performance when applying ML combining of more than one classifier is presented. Theoretical analysis as well as various simulations are presented for ML combining of CR nodes with equal SNR. In addition, analysis is extended to the case where CR nodes have different SNRs. Theory and simulations show that applying ML combining will result in a better classification accuracy, even when one of the nodes has a much lower SNR.
A multi-band 2&#x00D7;1 MIMO antenna system consisting of CSRR loaded patch elements (2013)

A miniaturized printed 2×1 MIMO antenna system is designed and fabricated. The antenna has resonant frequencies at 750 MHz, 1.18 GHz, 1.7 GHz and 2.26 GHz. The elements of the MIMO antenna system are patch antennas loaded with CSRR. The CSRR loading is used for patch antenna miniaturization and to obtain multiple resonant frequencies. The overall dimensions of the MIMO antenna system are 120×60×0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> while the area of individual patch element is 44×35 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The bandwidth, isolation and correlation coefficient of the MIMO antenna system are evaluated from its measured s-parameters while the MEG of the antenna elements are evaluated from the radiation pattern of the antenna elements. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Enhancing Asynchronous User Communication with Cross Platform and Channel Agnostic Messaging Services (2006)

Choosing an optimal channel for communication has become a difficult task for the user.The number of options continuously increases with new devices and services.For asynchronous communication we nowadays use several mobile messaging services such as Short Message Service (SMS) and Multimedia Message Service (MMS), in addition to ubiquitous e-mail that is available on the desktop and mobile devices.Users face two main difficulties.First, the sender has no information about the recipient' s device status or preferences.Second, the sender may not have access to a messaging client or online messaging service that supports message types the recipient can receive.These challenges represent opportunities for new services that we explore through design science research.We develop a system architecture and client applications for communication across Internet and mobile cellular networks.As the user composes the content of a message, the system recommends the optimal service.Based on the sender' s selection, it constructs the appropriate message type and sends it to the recipient.The paper describes the system architecture and the recommender model and assesses the properties of the system in relation to the system requirements.
The Imaging of Apoptosis with the Radiolabelled Annexin A5: A New Tool in Translational Research (2006)

Programmed cell death also called apoptosis plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological conditions. In the multi-step process of drug development, a number of medications are being designed to target strategic checkpoints of the apoptotic cascade either to induce or to inhibit programmed cell death. Conceptually, the assessment of programmed cell death in response to various therapeutic interventions appears to be critical for evaluating the efficacy of many drugs that act through apoptotic pathways. In the last decade, nuclear medicine techniques provided proofs of principle for the imaging of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this article was to review current knowledge on the imaging of apoptosis with radiolabelled annexin A5 in various pre-clinical and clinical models, and beyond that, to assess the potential integration of such a dedicated technology into translational research.
Identification of cis-acting sequences required for selective packaging of bovine adenovirus type 3 DNA (2003)

The assembly of adenovirus particles is a multistep process, in which viral genomic DNA is selected and subsequently inserted into preformed empty capsids. The selective encapsidation of the adenovirus genome is directed by cis-acting packaging motifs, termed A repeats due to their AT-rich character in DNA sequence. A repeats are usually located at the left end of the viral genome. In this report, the construction and analysis of bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV-3) mutants containing deletion mutations introduced into the AT-rich regions are described. The main cis-acting packaging domains of BAdV-3 were localized between nt 224 and 540 relative to the left end of the viral genome. They displayed a functional redundancy and followed a hierarchy of importance. In addition, the results demonstrated that not all of the AT-rich units functioned as cis-acting packaging motifs.
Synthesis of 4′-<i>C</i>-Ethynyl and 4′-<i>C</i>-Cyano Purine Nucleosides from Natural Nucleosides and Their Anti-HIV Activity (2003)

Purine 2'-deoxynucleosides bearing an ethynyl or a cyano group at C-4' of the sugar moiety were synthesized from the corresponding 2'-deoxynucleosides. These compounds exhibited very potent anti-HIV activity, and remained active against drug resistant HIV strains.
Angle- and polarization-independent mid-infrared narrowband optical filters using dense arrays of resonant cavities (2019)

We report design and experimental verification of narrowband mid-infrared optical filters with transmission characteristics that are practically constant over a wide range of incident angles. The filter employs a dense array of dielectric resonant cavities in a metal film, where the transmission of each cavity depends upon localized rather than travelling fields, making the filter fundamentally angle-independent. We show experimentally a transmission around 90% from normal incidence up to 60°. Simulations show that the filter becomes polarization-independent when geometry of the cavities is azimuthally symmetric.
Decommissioning of Experimental Breeder Reactor - II Complex, Post Sodium Draining (2005)

The Experimental Breeder Reactor - II (EBR-II) was shutdown in September 1994 as mandated by the United States Department of Energy. This sodium-cooled reactor had been in service since 1964. The bulk sodium was drained from the primary and secondary systems and processed. Residual sodium remaining in the systems after draining was converted into sodium bicarbonate using humid carbon dioxide. This technique was tested at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois under controlled conditions, then demonstrated on a larger scale by treating residual sodium within the EBR-II secondary cooling system, followed by the primary tank. This process, terminated in 2002, was used to place a layer of sodium bicarbonate over all exposed surfaces of sodium. Treatment of the remaining EBR-II sodium is governed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality issued a RCRA Operating Permit in 2002, mandating that all hazardous materials be removed from EBR-II within a 10 year period, with the ability to extend the permit and treatment period for another 10 years. A preliminary plan has been formulated to remove the remaining sodium and NaK from the primary and secondary systems using moist carbon dioxide, steam and nitrogen, and a water flush. The moist carbon dioxide treatment was resumed in May 2004. As of August 2005, approximately 60% of the residual sodium within the EBR-II primary tank had been treated. This process will continue through the end of 2005, when it is forecast that the process will become increasingly ineffective. At that time, subsequent treatment processes will be planned and initiated. It should be noted that the processes and anticipated costs associated with these processes are preliminary. Detailed engineering has not been performed, and approval for these methods has not been obtained from the regulator or the sponsors.
Phenotypic Characterization of a Large European Family with Brugada Syndrome Displaying a Sudden Unexpected Death Syndrome Mutation in <i>SCN5A</i>: (2004)

Our results support the hypothesis that (1) sudden unexpected death syndrome and Brugada syndrome are the same disease; (2) male predominance of the phenotype observed in sudden unexpected death syndrome does not apply to this family, suggesting that factors other than the specific mutation determine the gender distinction; and (3) ajmaline may provide false-positive results. These findings have broad implications relative to the diagnosis and risk stratification of family members of patients with the Brugada syndrome.
Simulation challenges in designing high speed serial links (2012)

Signal speeds of high speed serial links double almost every generation and with these increasing speeds come a wide range of new modeling and simulation challenges. Modeling challenges involve making sure that models are passive, stable and causal. Frequency-domain models, such as scattering parameter models that have measurement noise or limited bandwidth or incorrectly performed interpolation or extrapolation operations, may exhibit non-causality and non-passivity in time domain. Simulating millions of bits in timedomain to measure the interface merit in terms of bit error rate (BER) is CPU and memory intensive. This challenge has given way to new simulation algorithms and methodologies. The challenge here is that no two simulation approaches result in the same answer. The difference between approaches is aggravated at high frequencies and with inclusion of effects like crosstalk and transmitter and receiver equalization. In this paper, the results from various simulation approaches are contrasted against each other and also against measurements to understand their inherent assumptions along with their impact in designing high speed SerDes.
Instant FLIM enables 4D in vivo lifetime imaging of intact brains (2020)

Traditional fluorescence microscopy is blind to molecular microenvironment information that is present in the emission decay lifetime. With fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), physiological parameters such as pH, refractive index, ion concentration, dissolved gas concentration, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be measured. Despite these benefits, existing FLIM techniques are typically slow, noisy, and hard to implement due to expensive instrumentation and complex post-processing. To overcome these limitations, we present instant FLIM, a method that allows real-time acquisition and display of two-photon intensity, lifetime, and phasor imaging data. Using analog signal processing, we demonstrate in vivo four-dimensional (4D) FLIM movies by imaging mouse and zebrafish glial cell response to injury over 12 hours through intact skulls. Instant FLIM can be implemented as an upgrade to an existing multiphoton microscope using cost-effective off-the-shelf components, requires no data post-processing, and is demonstrated to be compatible with FD-FLIM super-resolution techniques.
Integrated microchannels with metallic and polymeric channel sections (2002)

In this paper a fabrication technology for manufacturing networks of integrated, batch fabricated, surface micromachined channels which combine polymeric and metallic channel sections is presented. This technology is generic and can be used to fabricate microchannels out of a variety of polymeric and metallic materials. Microchannels which have been fabricated thus far have included copper and gold as metallic channels and polyimide, acrylic, polycarbonate, polystyrene, PVC, and ABS as insulating materials. The dimensions of these channels range from 1-3 cm in length, 250-1000 /spl mu/m in width, and 10-50 /spl mu/m in height. This fabrication technology is an IC compatible process, allowing for the integration of signal processing and control circuitry on the same chip. In addition, the process can be implemented on polymeric substrates to produce batch fabricated plastic microchannels.
Ineffective Erythropoiesis in <i>β</i>‐Thalassemia (2013)

In humans, β -thalassemia dyserythropoiesis is characterized by expansion of early erythroid precursors and erythroid progenitors and then ineffective erythropoiesis. This ineffective erythropoiesis is defined as a suboptimal production of mature erythrocytes originating from a proliferating pool of immature erythroblasts. It is characterized by (1) accelerated erythroid differentiation, (2) maturation blockade at the polychromatophilic stage, and (3) death of erythroid precursors. Despite extensive knowledge of molecular defects causing β -thalassemia, less is known about the mechanisms responsible for ineffective erythropoiesis. In this paper, we will focus on the underlying mechanisms leading to premature death of thalassemic erythroid precursors in the bone marrow.
(Invited) Vertical Tunnel FETs Using III-V Nanowire/Si Heterojunctions (2015)

Tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) have been attracting much attention as building-blocks for future low-power integrated circuits. Here we report recent progress in TFETs with surrounding-gate architecture and III-V nanowire/Si heterojunctions. We also discuss guidelines or obtaining steep-slope turn-on behavior in these devices.