gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Antithrombotic Effects of Magnesium Sulfate and the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Tirofiban and Eptifibatide in a Canine Model of Stent Thrombosis (2002)

Background — Antithrombotic effects of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and magnesium are known, but their comparative effects on stent thrombosis are not known. Our objective was to compare the antithrombotic effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors tirofiban and eptifibatide with magnesium in an ex vivo canine arteriovenous shunt model of stent thrombosis. Methods and Results — Control nitinol stents were expanded to 2 mm in diameter in a tubular perfusion chamber interposed in the shunt and exposed to flowing arterial blood at a shear rate of 2100 s −1 for 20 minutes (n=398 perfusion runs in 24 experiments in 8 dogs). The animals were treated intravenously with MgSO 4 (2 g bolus×20 minutes followed by 2 g/h infusion), eptifibatide (double bolus of 180 μg/kg 10 minutes apart followed by 2 μg/kg per minute), or tirofiban (0.3 μg/kg per minute), with or without heparin (50 U/kg). Effects of the test agents on thrombus weight, platelet aggregation (PA), platelet CD62 expression, bleeding time (BT), heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure were assessed. Treatment with Mg+heparin reduced stent thrombus weight by 78±10% compared with baseline (19±4 mg, P <0.001). The antithrombotic effect of Mg+heparin was equivalent to that observed with tirofiban+heparin (78±13%) and eptifibatide+heparin (84±11%). Magnesium had no significant effect on PA and BT. Tirofiban and eptifibatide inhibited PA by >90% and prolonged BT up to 20 minutes. None of the test agents had effects on CD62 expression or activated clotting time. There were no significant bleeding or hemodynamic complications. Conclusion — Magnesium produced a significant reduction in acute stent thrombus formation that was equivalent in magnitude to that produced by clinically relevant doses of tirofiban and eptifibatide. Its potential use in percutaneous coronary intervention requires further study.
Saquinavir-NO-targeted S6 protein mediates sensitivity of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells to TRAIL (2012)

We previously reported that the NO-modified form of HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq) is a potent antitumoral agent efficient against numerous tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In acute toxicity studies, doses of Saq-NO equivalent to DL100 of the parental drug were completely nontoxic. Beside direct effect on malignant cell growth, Saq-NO sensitizes certain type of cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cell death. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Saq-NO on androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP. Saq-NO inhibited both the growth of LNCaP cells in vitro and in xenograft models. Suppression of tumor growth was accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G 0/G 1 phase and established a persistent inhibition of proliferation. Furthermore, Saq-NO reverted sensitivity of LNCaP cells to TRAIL but not to TNF. Treatment of cells with Saq-NO induced transient upregulation of Akt and ERK1/2. This, however, did not represent the primary mode of action of Saq-NO, as elimination with specific inhibitors did not compromise the chemotherapic efficacy of the drug. However, permanent abrogation of phosphorylation of the S6 protein, which is the downstream target of both signaling pathways, was observed. Diminished S6 phosphorylation was associated with re-established sensitivity to TRAIL and reduction of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). In summary, NO modification of Saq led to a new chemical entity with stronger and more pleiotropic antitumor activity than the parental drug.
A geometrically adaptable heart valve replacement (2020)

Congenital heart valve disease has life-threatening consequences that warrant early valve replacement; however, the development of a growth-accommodating prosthetic valve has remained elusive. Thousands of children continue to face multiple high-risk open-heart operations to replace valves that they have outgrown. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic prosthetic valve that is geometrically adaptable to accommodate somatic growth and structural asymmetries within the heart. Inspired by the human venous valve, whose geometry is optimized to preserve functionality across a wide range of constantly varying volume loads and diameters, our balloon-expandable synthetic bileaflet valve analog exhibits similar adaptability to dimensional and shape changes. Benchtop and acute in vivo experiments validated design functionality, and in vivo survival studies in growing sheep demonstrated that mechanical valve expansion accommodated growth. As illustrated in this work, dynamic size adaptability with preservation of unidirectional flow in prosthetic valves thus offers a paradigm shift in the treatment of heart valve disease.
Dual-Stage Erbium-Doped, Erbium/Ytterbium Codoped Fiber Amplifier with up to +26 dBm Output and 17 nm Flat Spectrum (1996)

As erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are used in multiple-wavelength WDM and analog CATV systems, high output powers and spectral gain flatness are required.1−2
Steep subthreshold slope nanowire nanoelectromechanical field-effect transistors (NW-NEMFETs) (2013)

Significant physical challenges remain for CMOS technology to decrease I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> as transistor dimension and power supply voltages continue downscaling. However, a fundamental thermodynamic limit in the subthreshold slope SS = |(∂V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> )/(∂lnI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> )| = ln10 · k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> T/q at >60 mV/dec exists at room temperature. We have designed and demonstrated the first semiconductor nanowires (NWs) and nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) field effect transistor structure (NW-NEMFET). We have previously demonstrated 0.5 ps intrinsic delay and near ballistic operation in quantum confined semiconductor heterostructure NWFETs with diameters less than 15 nm.[1] The current design uses high performance suspended semiconductor NWs as the conduction channel, while the electrostatic pull-in of the NW towards the gate stack enables abrupt switching to the off-state leading to high frequency, low power nanoelectronics. Simulation shows that compared to planar suspended-gate FET (SGFET) design [2], NW-NEMFET allows zero SS with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> on-off ratio and near 1V pull-in voltage due to enhanced 3D capacitive coupling, as well as operation at very-high-frequency (VHF) and even ultra-high-frequency (UHF) due to the NW beams high aspect ratio and small dimensions.
Behavioral Pharmacology of Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists in Rats (2019)

These results suggest that structurally diverse kappa opioid receptor antagonists can have short-acting effects and that LY-2456302 reduces anhedonia as measured in the intracranial self-stimulation test.
Modulation of the laser power to prevent hot cracking during laser welding of tempered steel (2017)

It is shown that a temporal modulation of the laser power can prevent the formation of hot cracks during deep-penetration laser welding of tempered steel. For this purpose, the influence of the modulated laser power on the cumulated length of the hot cracks in the weld seams was quantified. Varying amplitude and frequency of the modulation significantly changes the pattern and length of the hot cracks. Moreover, hot cracks can be prevented entirely in a specific range of the modulation frequency that depends on the welding speed. Our results indicate that the reduction of hot cracks might be related to a change of the fluctuating length of the weld pool, which was detected by means of thermographic imaging.
A cytoplasmic thyroid hormone binding protein: characterization using monoclonal antibodies (1989)

We have previously purified a cellular thyroid hormone binding protein (p58) from a human carcinoma cell line [Kitagawa, S., Obata, T., Hasumura, S., Pastan, I., & Cheng, S.-y. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3903-3908]. In the present study, the binding characteristics, the molecular properties, and subcellular localization of p58 were further characterized. Binding of the purified p58 to thyroid hormones was examined. Analysis of binding data indicates that p58 binds to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) with a Kd of 24.3 +/- 0.3 nM and n = 0.71. p58 binds to L-thyroxine similarly as to T3. However, D-T3 and reverse-T3 bind to p58 with an affinity 4- and 20-fold less than that of T3, respectively. By use of the purified p58 as an immunogen, two hybridomas, J11 and J12, secreting monoclonal antibodies to p58 were isolated; both antibodies belong to the IgG1K subclass. J12 recognizes p58 from human, monkey, dog, hamster, and rat, but not mouse. J11 exhibits a similar species specificity except that it does not react with p58 from hamster. With these antibodies, p58 was found to be not posttranslationally modified by glycosylation, sulfation, or phosphorylation. It has a cellular degradation rate t1/2 congruent to 2.1 h. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that p58 is located in the nonmembranous cytoplasm (cytosol). These results are consistent with subcellular fractionation studies which show that greater than 95% of J11 and J12 reactivity and T3 binding activity can be found in the 110,000g supernatant.
Acute phase proteins in serum and milk from dairy cows with clinical mastitis (2001)

The serum concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and alpha1 acid glycoprotein were determined in serum collected from healthy dairy cows and cows with clinical mastitis, graded as mild (clots in milk) or moderate (clots in milk and visible signs of inflammation in the mammary gland/s) to assess their relative diagnostic value in detecting the disease. The concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were also measured in milk collected from infected and uninfected quarters. The concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were higher in the serum and milk from the cows with mild or moderate mastitis. The diagnostic value of haptoglobin in differentiating between healthy animals and those with mastitis gave sensitivities and specificities of 82 per cent and 94 per cent respectively with serum and 86 per cent and 100 per cent with milk. The diagnostic value of serum amyloid A in differentiating between healthy animals and those with mastitis gave sensitivities and specificities of 83 per cent and 90 per cent with serum and 93 per cent and 100 per cent with milk. The diagnostic value of serum alpha1 acid glycoprotein in differentiating between healthy animals and those with mastitis gave sensitivities and specificities of 62 per cent and 91 per cent.
A framework for autonomous self-righting of a generic robot on sloped planar surfaces (2012)

Increasingly, robots are being applied to challenges in dynamic, unstructured environments including urban search and rescue (USAR), planetary exploration, and military missions. During the execution of these missions, the robot may unintentionally tip over, rendering it unable to move normally. The ability to self-right and recover in such situations is crucial to mission completion and safe robot recovery. However, to date, nearly all self-righting solutions have been point solutions, each designed for a specific platform. As a first step toward a generic solution, this paper presents a framework for analyzing the self-righting capabilities of any generic robot on sloped planar surfaces. Based on the planar assumption, interactions with the ground can be defined entirely in terms of the robot's convex hull. Motion of arms, legs, or other appendages may change the convex hull shape and/or center of mass position, affecting the robot's orientation. Our framework for solving this problem can be summarized as follows: first, for each stable conformation, we analyze the position of the center of mass relative to the vertical projection of the convex hull face in contact with the ground. From this, we develop a conformation space map, defining stable state sets as nodes and the conformations where discontinuous state changes occur as transitions. Finally, we convert this map into a directed graph, and assign costs to the transitions according to changes in potential energy between states. Based upon the ability to traverse this directed graph to the goal state, one can analyze a robot's ability to self-right. To illustrate each step in our framework, we use a simple two-dimensional robot with a one degree of freedom arm, and then show a case study of iRobot's 510 Packbot®. Ultimately, we project that this framework will be useful both for designing robots with the ability to self-right and for planning joint movements to achieve efficient, autonomous self-righting behaviors.
Isolation, structure, and HIV-1-integrase inhibitory activity of structurally diverse fungal metabolites (2003)

HIV-1 integrase is a critical enzyme for replication of HIV, and its inhibition is one of the most promising new drug strategies for anti-retroviral therapy, with potentially significant advantages over existing therapies. In this report, a series of HIV-1 inhibitors isolated from the organic extract of fermentations from terrestrial fungi is described. These fungal species, belonging to a variety of genera, were collected from throughout the world following the strict guidelines of Rio Convention on Biodiversity. The polyketide- and terpenoid-derived inhibitors are represented by two naphthoquinones, a biphenyl and two triphenyls, a benzophenone, four aromatics with or without catechol units, a linear aliphatic terpenoid, a diterpenoid, and a sesterterpenoid. These compounds inhibited the coupled and strand-transfer reaction of HIV-1 integrase with an IC(50) value of 0.5-120 micro M. The bioassay-directed isolation, structure elucidation, and HIV-1 inhibitory activity of these compounds are described.
Comparison of enzymatic and accelerated oxidative degradation methods to evaluate chitosan (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Development of an efficient, low-NOx domestic gas range cooktop. Phase 3. Final report, January 1986-December 1988. Technical report (1989)

The objective of the program was to develop a domestic cooktop with low-NOx emissions and high efficiency. During the first two phases of the program, three design concepts were developed, and two versions of developmental prototypes using the IR-Jet approach were fabricated and tested. The third phase was initiated to address the design issues of a simmer setting, air/gas metering, and jet plate durability and to develop prototypes for interested manufacturers.
Safety in human-robot collaborative manufacturing environments: Metrics and control (2015)

New paradigms in industrial robotics no longer require physical separation between robotic manipulators and humans. Moreover, in order to optimize production, humans and robots are expected to collaborate to some extent. In this scenario, involving a shared environment between humans and robots, common motion generation algorithms might turn out to be inadequate for this purpose. This paper proposes a kinematic control strategy which enforces safety, while maintaining the maximum level of productivity of the robot. The resulting motion of the (possibly redundant) robot is obtained as an output of an optimization-based real-time algorithm in which safety is regarded as a hard constraint to be satisfied. The methodology is experimentally validated on a dual-arm concept robot with 7-DOF per arm performing a manipulation task.
Development of the water window imaging x-ray microscope utilizing normal incidence multilayer optics (1991)

We describe the development of the water window imaging x-ray microscope based on normal-incidence multilayer x-ray mirrors. The narrow bandpass response inherent in multilayer x-ray optics is accurately tuned to wavelengths within the "water window." Similar doubly-reflecting multilayer optical systems have been fabricated for our astronomical rocket-borne x-ray/EUV telescopes. Previous theoretical studies performed during the MSFC X-Ray Microscope Development Program established that high-resolution multilayer x-ray imaging microscopes are possible by using either spherical (Schwarzschild configuration) optics or aspherical configu rations. These microscopes require ultrasmooth mirror substrates, which have been fabricated using advanced flow polishing methods. Hemlite-grade sapphire microscope optic substrates have been accurately figured and polished to a smoothness of 0.5-Å rms, as measured by the Zygo profilometer. We describe the current status of fabrication and testing of the optical and mechanical subsystems for the water window imaging x-ray microscope. This new instrument should yield images of carbon-based microstructures within living cells of unprecedented spatial resolution and contrast, without need for fixatives, dyes, and chemical additives.
Enhancing the Intermediate Vision of Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Using a Higher Order Aspheric Optic (2020)

Preclinical data showed that the new lens design improves intermediate vision while maintaining comparable distance image quality and keeping the same photic phenomena profile as a standard aspheric monofocal IOL. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(8):520-527.].
Towards automated detection, semi-quantification and identification of microbial growth in clinical bacteriology: A proof of concept (2017)

The development of intelligent algorithm represents a major innovation that has the potential to significantly increase laboratory quality and productivity while reducing turn-around-times. Further development and validation with larger numbers of defined and clinical samples should be performed before transferring intelligent imaging analysis into diagnostic laboratories.
Electrical and Physical Properties of Carbonized Charcoals (2003)

Because coal does not conduct electricity and graphite is costly and inert, little attention has been given to the development of a carbon fuel cell (i.e., a battery that utilizes a consumable carbon anode to generate electrical power). In this work we show that a packed bed of carbonized charcoal particles subject to a compressive pressure (ca. 8 MPa) can be a good electrical conductor (σ < 0.2 Ω·cm). Low electrical resistivities σ are manifest by many different charcoals after carbonization at a heat treatment temperature (HTT) of 950 °C. The 5 orders of magnitude decrease in the electrical resistivity of charcoal with increasing HTT from 650 to 1050 °C is not associated with any dramatic change in the carbons' X-ray diffraction spectrum, its Fourier transform infrared spectrum, or its elemental analysis. Our findings cause us to visualize carbonized charcoal to be a macromolecular, cross-linked, three-dimensional, aromatic structure replete with conjugation and π bonds that facilitate the movement of electrons, as well as nanopores, and micromolecular cracks. Because charcoal powder is competitive in price with fossil fuels and because carbonized charcoal is extremely reactive with a volumetric energy density (in a compacted packed bed) comparable to conventional liquid fuels, compact packed beds of carbonized charcoal hold promise for use as electrodes and consumable anodes in fuel cells. The packed-bed apparatus we describe is a prototype anode for use in a biocarbon fuel cell.
Increased Molecular Weight of a Cross-Linkable Polyimide for Spinning Plasticization Resistant Hollow Fiber Membranes (2008)

A propanediol monoester cross-linkable (PDMC) polyimide was synthesized for high-speed hollow fiber membrane spinning. The membranes were plasticization resistant and asymmetric, useful for natural gas purification. In fabricating the membrane material, it was found that significant chain scissioning could occur during the monoesterification reaction, which caused problems in subsequent membrane formation processes. Using NMR, GPC, and FTIR, it was observed that hydrolytic degradation occurs at the imide rings from the small amount of water produced during monoesterification. Workable synthesis conditions were found that enabled the cross-linkable polyimide to be synthesized with high conversions and without loss in the polymer molecular weight. The preservation of a high molecular weight (Mw >100 000) was shown to be favorable for hollow fiber membrane formation.
Hybrid laser-to-fiber coupler with a cylindrical lens (1977)

Several laser-to-fiber coupling schemes have been compared with regard to coupling efficiency. A coupling scheme with a cylindrical lens is simple and effective for enhancing coupling efficiency. As a mounting and aligning structure for the laser-to-fiber coupling with a cylindrical lens, a hybrid structure has been proposed using a copper mount on which two vee grooves are produced for aligning all optical elements without adjustment. Even though the mounting structures have been produced by machining, the average coupling efficiency of about 50% has been achieved when using a multimode optical fiber with a half acceptance angle of 3-4 degrees . The couplers have been successfully mounted in hermetically sealed laser packages, indicating feasibility and usefulness for practical applications.
Driver Gaze Tracking and Eyes Off the Road Detection System (2015)

Distracted driving is one of the main causes of vehicle collisions in the United States. Passively monitoring a driver's activities constitutes the basis of an automobile safety system that can potentially reduce the number of accidents by estimating the driver's focus of attention. This paper proposes an inexpensive vision-based system to accurately detect Eyes Off the Road (EOR). The system has three main components: 1) robust facial feature tracking; 2) head pose and gaze estimation; and 3) 3-D geometric reasoning to detect EOR. From the video stream of a camera installed on the steering wheel column, our system tracks facial features from the driver's face. Using the tracked landmarks and a 3-D face model, the system computes head pose and gaze direction. The head pose estimation algorithm is robust to nonrigid face deformations due to changes in expressions. Finally, using a 3-D geometric analysis, the system reliably detects EOR.
Est1p As a Cell Cycle-Regulated Activator of Telomere-Bound Telomerase (2002)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the telomerase components Est2p, TLC1 RNA, Est1p, and Est3p are thought to form a complex that acts late during chromosome replication (S phase) upon recruitment by Cdc13p, a telomeric DNA binding protein. Consistent with this model, we show that Est1p, Est2p, and Cdc13p are telomere-associated at this time. However, Est2p, but not Est1p, also binds telomeres before late S phase. The cdc13-2 allele has been proposed to be defective in recruitment, yet Est1p and Est2p telomere association persists in cdc13-2 cells. These findings suggest a model in which Est1p binds telomeres late in S phase and interacts with Cdc13p to convert inactive, telomere-bound Est2p to an active form.
Liquid State NMR Quantum Computing Computation (2000)

This in an introduction to quantum computing and the use of NMR to build quantum computers geared towards an NMR audience.