gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
xJsnark: A Framework for Efficient Verifiable Computation (2018)

Many cloud and cryptocurrency applications rely on verifying the integrity of outsourced computations, in which a verifier can efficiently verify the correctness of a computation made by an untrusted prover. State-of-the-art protocols for verifiable computation require that the computation task be expressed as arithmetic circuits, and the number of multiplication gates in the circuit is the primary metric that determines performance. At the present, a programmer could rely on two approaches for expressing the computation task, either by composing the circuits directly through low-level development tools; or by expressing the computation in a high-level program and rely on compilers to perform the program-to-circuit transformation. The former approach is difficult to use but on the other hand allows an expert programmer to perform custom optimizations that minimize the resulting circuit. In comparison, the latter approach is much more friendly to non-specialist users, but existing compilers often emit suboptimal circuits. We present xJsnark, a programming framework for verifiable computation that aims to achieve the best of both worlds: offering programmability to non-specialist users, and meanwhile automating the task of circuit size minimization through a combination of techniques. Specifically, we present new circuit-friendly algorithms for frequent operations that achieve constant to asymptotic savings over existing ones; various globally aware optimizations for short- and long- integer arithmetic; as well as circuit minimization techniques that allow us to reduce redundant computation over multiple expressions. We illustrate the savings in different applications, and show the framework's applicability in developing large application circuits, such as ZeroCash, while minimizing the circuit size as in low-level implementations.
Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of EEG Features in Female College Students with Subclinical Depression (2022)

Synchronization of the dynamic processes in structural networks connect the brain across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, creating a dynamic and complex functional network. Microstate and omega complexity are two reference-free electroencephalography (EEG) measures that can represent the temporal and spatial complexities of EEG data. Few studies have focused on potential brain spatiotemporal dynamics in the early stages of depression to use as an early screening feature for depression. Thus, this study aimed to explore large-scale brain network dynamics of individuals both with and without subclinical depression, from the perspective of temporal and spatial dimensions and to input them as features into a machine learning framework for the automatic diagnosis of early-stage depression. To achieve this, spatio-temporal dynamics of rest-state EEG signals in female college students (<i>n</i> = 40) with and without (<i>n</i> = 38) subclinical depression were analyzed using EEG microstate and omega complexity analysis. Then, based on differential features of EEGs between the two groups, a support vector machine was utilized to compare performances of spatio-temporal features and single features in the classification of early depression. Microstate results showed that the occurrence rate of microstate class B was significantly higher in the group with subclinical depression when compared with the group without. Moreover, the duration and contribution of microstate class C in the subclinical group were both significantly lower than in the group without subclinical depression. Omega complexity results showed that the global omega complexity of β-2 and γ band was significantly lower for the subclinical depression group compared with the other group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the anterior and posterior regional omega complexities were lower for the subclinical depression group compared to the comparison group in α-1, β-2 and γ bands. It was found that AUC of 81% for the differential indicators of EEG microstates and omega complexity was deemed better than a single index for predicting subclinical depression. Thus, since temporal and spatial complexity of EEG signals were manifestly altered in female college students with subclinical depression, it is possible that this characteristic could be adopted as an early auxiliary diagnostic indicator of depression.
Information architecture for the World Wide Web (2003)

From the Publisher:
Some Web sites work and some don't. Good Web site consultants know that you can't just jump in and start writing HTML, the same way you can't build a house by just pouring a foundation and putting up some walls. You need to know who will be using the site, and what they'll be using it for. You need some idea of what you'd like to draw their attention to during their visit. Overall, you need a strong, cohesive vision for the site that makes it both distinctive and usable. 
Information Architecture for the World Wide Web about applying the principles of architecture and library science to Web site design. Each Web site like a public building, available for tourists and regulars alike to breeze through at their leisure. The job of the architect to set up the framework for the site to make it comfortable and inviting for people to visit, relax in, and perhaps even return to someday. 
Most books on Web development concentrate either on the aesthetics or the mechanics of the site. This book about the framework that holds the two together. With this book, you learn how to design Web sites and intranets that support growth, management, and ease of use. Special attention given to: 
The process behind architecting a large, complex site Web site hierarchy design and organization Techniques for making your site easier to search


Information Architecture for the World Wide Web for Webmasters, designers, and anyone else involved in building a Web site. It's for novice Web designers who, from the start, want to avoid the traps that result in poorly designed sites. It's for experienced Web designers who have already created sites but realize that something is missing from their sites and want to improve them. It's for programmers and administrators who are comfortable with HTML, CGI, and Java but want to understand how to organize their Web pages into a cohesive site. 
The authors are two of the principals of Argus Associates, a Web consulting firm. At Argus, they have created information architectures for Web sites and intranets of some of the largest companies in the United States, including Chrysler Corporation, Barron's, and Dow Chemical.
The recombinant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> outer membrane protein OmpA has carrier properties for conjugated antigenic peptides (1998)

Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpA, the 40-kDa major protein of the outer membrane, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was produced intracellularly in E. coli as inclusion bodies. Fusion of a short peptide to the N-terminus of native P40 facilitated high-level expression of the recombinant protein. Purified recombinant P40 was analyzed to verify purity and structural integrity. The molecular mass of purified recombinant P40 determined by electrospray mass spectrometry was 37,061 Da, in agreement with the theoretical mass deduced from the DNA sequence. Specific proliferation of recombinant-P40-primed murine lymph node cells in response to recombinant P40 stimulation in vitro indicated the presence of a T-cell epitope on recombinant P40. The induction of high serum antibody titers to a synthetic peptide derived from the attachment protein G of the respiratory syncytial virus when chemically coupled to recombinant P40 indicated that the protein had potent carrier properties.
High effective medical image segmentation with model adjustable method (2013)

An integrated algorithm framework for high effective medical image segmentation is proposed in this paper. The proposed framework consisting of four optimal and logic correlative calculation modules is model-adjustable according to a specific segmentation target. Two major applications of the integrated algorithm framework are explored for effectiveness verification. The boundary-based active contour model with priori shape constraint is very suitable for segmenting regions of interest (ROI) of the image with low contrast, blur or occlusion. The hierarchical M-S model combined with diffusion filter is mainly employed for multi-object segmentation of the noisy image. A target-adaptive scheme is preliminarily designed for adjusting the model to resolving a particular image processing task. Experimental results show excellent effectiveness for MR brain image segmentation under different conditions of image quality degradation.
Anti‐tumor effect of SLPI on mammary but not colon tumor growth (2012)

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that was related to cancer development and metastasis dissemination on several types of tumors. However, it is not known the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumor growth. The effect of SLPI was tested on in vitro cell apoptosis and in vivo tumor growth experiments. SLPI over-expressing human and murine mammary and colon tumor cells were generated by gene transfection. The administration of murine mammary tumor cells over-expressing high levels of SLPI did not develop tumors in mice. On the contrary, the administration of murine colon tumor cells over-expressing SLPI, developed faster tumors than control cells. Intratumoral, but not intraperitoneal administration of SLPI, delayed the growth of tumors and increased the survival of mammary but not colon tumor bearing mice. In vitro culture of mammary tumor cell lines treated with SLPI, and SLPI producer clones were more prone to apoptosis than control cells, mainly under serum deprivation culture conditions. Herein we demonstrated that SLPI induces the apoptosis of mammary tumor cells in vitro and decreases the mammary but not colon tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, SLPI may be a new potential therapeutic tool for certain tumors, such as mammary tumors.
Semantics of query languages for network databases (1985)

Semantics determines the meaning of language constructs; hence it says much more than syntax does about implementing the language. The main purpose of this paper is a formal presentation of the meaning of basic language constructs employed in many database languages (sublanguages). Therefore, stylized query languages SSL (Sample Selection Language) and J (Joins) are introduced, wherein most of the typical entries present in other query languages are collected. The semantics of SSL and J are defined by means of the denotational method and explained informally. In SSL and J, four types of expressions are introduced: a selector (denotes a set of addresses), a term (denotes a set of values), a formula (denotes a truth value), and a join (denotes a set of n-tuples of addresses or values). In many cases alternative semantics are given and discussed. In order to obtain more general properties of the proposed languages, a new database access model is introduced, intended to be a tool for the description of the logical access paths to data. In particular, the access paths of the network and relational models can be described. SSL and J expressions may be addressed to both data structures. In the case of the relational model, expressions of J are similar to SQL or QUEL statements. Thus J may be considered a generalization of relational query languages for the network model. Finally, a programming language, based on SSL and J, is outlined, and the issues of SSL and J implementation are considered.
Determination of the Mechanism of Action of Anti-FasL Antibody by Epitope Mapping and Homology Modeling (2009)

Fas ligand (FasL) is a 40-kDa type II transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of proteins and binds to its specific receptor, Fas, a member of the TNF receptor family. Membrane-bound FasL can be processed into a soluble form by a metalloprotease similar to that which cleaves TNFalpha. Elevated levels of FasL have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases ranging from cancer to inflammatory abnormalities, which could be targeted by antibody therapy. We generated a fully human high-affinity antibody against FasL that binds to and neutralizes the activity of both soluble and membrane-associated human FasL. In order to elucidate the mechanism of function of this antibody, we have mapped the region and critical residues involved in the recognition of FasL using a combination of homology modeling, immunoprecipitation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (H/DXMS), and alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis. These studies have revealed the antibody binding site on human FasL. Furthermore, through molecular homology modeling, we have proposed a mechanism for the neutralizing activity of this antibody that involves interference with the docking of the ligand to its receptor by the antibody.
Nanoparticles of Amorphous Ruthenium Sulfide Easily Obtainable from a TiO<sub>2</sub>‐Supported Hexanuclear Cluster Complex [Ru<sub>6</sub>C(CO)<sub>16</sub>]<sup>2‐</sup>: A Highly Active Catalyst for the Reduction of SO<sub>2</sub> with H<sub>2</sub>. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Treatment benefit of tivozanib hydrochloride versus sorafenib on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients (pts) with advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): TIVO-1 study results. (2013)

355 Background: Tivozanib hydrochloride (T) was superior to sorafenib (S) in progression-free survival (medians of 11.9 vs. 9.1 months, respectively; 12.7 vs. 9.1 months, respectively, for metastatic treatment-naïve pts) in the phase III TIVO-1 study in pts with mRCC. T showed a differentiated safety profile with lower rates of dose interruptions/reductions v S (18/12 vs. 35/43, respectively; p<0.001). TIVO-1 also evaluated patient self-reported HRQoL. Methods: Pts with mRCC were randomized 1:1 to receive T (1.5 mg PO once daily for 3 weeks on, 1 week off) or S (400 mg bid, continuously). HRQoL was assessed on Cycle 1/Day1 (baseline [BL]) and at the beginning of each cycle, using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G), FACT–Kidney Symptom Index Disease Related Symptoms (FKSI-DRS), and EuroQol 5-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaires; EQ-5D scores are not reported here. Pts with BL and ≥1 post-BL evaluable forms were analyzed. Changes from BL in FACT-G and FKSI-DRS scores over 18 treatment cycles were analyzed using repeated measures mixed-effects models. QoL improvement/deterioration was defined as an increase/decrease from BL of ≥3 points for FACT-G subscales and FKSI-DRS total score and 7 points for the FACT-G total score during the study. Results: In the mixed effects analyses, no significant differences in HRQoL (FACT-G and FKSI-DRS) were noted between T and S. More pts receiving T vs. S experienced a significant improvement during the study in physical well-being (PWB) (25.7% vs. 16.4%; p=0.011) and a favorable trend in all other FACT-G and FKSI scores (p values: 0.078–0.405). FKSI improvement was greater with T than S in treatment-naïve pts (34.1% vs. 23.6%; p=0.023), pts with ≥2 metastases (32.9% vs. 24.7%; p=0.054), or pts <65 years old (33.0% vs. 22.8%; p=0.022). Median time to QoL deterioration was usually longer with T (3.75-7.66 months) than S (2.04-8.80 months). Conclusions: HRQoL was generally similar for T and S. Non-significant numeric differences usually favored T over S, and PWB improvement occurred significantly more often with T. These results support the previously-reported PFS advantage of T over S. Clinical trial information: NCT01030783.
Optical properties of general twisted nematic liquid-crystal displays (1987)

An analytic expression for the optical field propagating normally in a general twisted nematic liquid-crystal structure is obtained for the first time. Based upon this, analytic expressions are obtained for the optical transmissions of the general twisted nematic liquid-crystal displays (including standard twisted nematic, supertwisted, supertwisted birefringence effect, lower twisted, and optical mode interference) with arbitrary polarizer orientations, liquid-crystal indices of refraction, twist angle, surface pretilt angle, and cell thickness. Routes for improving the display performances are discussed.
Insight into the Synthesis Process of an Industrial Ziegler–Natta Catalyst (2018)

In Ziegler–Natta catalysis, the catalyst particle size has a strong influence not only on catalyst performance but also on the morphology and particle size distribution of the final polymer particles. Fundamental insight into the catalyst particle formation process is therefore of industrial importance when addressing specific requirements in the final products. In the present work, we fully characterize a single-step catalyst preparation process, which comprises a reactive precipitation of a MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst, through decomposition of the hetero-bimetallic complex, Mg(OR)2·Ti(OR)4, by addition of ethyl aluminum dichloride (EADC). We track the evolution of both of the concentrations of the metals (Mg, Ti, Al) as well as Cl in the liquid phase and the size of the formed catalyst particles. It is observed that the liquid-phase composition is governed by the EADC feed rate under fully Cl-starved conditions. The process can be divided into two stages: The first stage is dominated by the precipitation of the Mg-based support, and the second stage involves complex adsorption–precipitation of the Ti species. The growth of the catalyst particle size occurs only in the first stage and is controlled by the aggregation and breakage events during the MgCl2 precipitation. It follows that the hydrodynamic stress in the reactor plays the essential role in controlling the catalyst size. In the second stage, no further particle growth occurs, not only because of the depletion of Mg in the liquid phase but also because the adsorbed Ti complex stabilizes the particles against aggregation. Finally, we have performed polymerization tests with the prepared catalysts and found that the size distribution of the polymer particles indeed closely replicates the one of the used catalyst particles.
Multi-objective optimization of stamping forming process of head based on response surface model (2016)

In the forming process of heads the defects of wrinkling,swelling,nonuniformity of the thickness,and springback deformation occurred in a certain factory.To solve these problems,optimized scheme is proposed.The objectives of this scheme are reducing the swelling,enlarging the region of uniform thickness,and decreasing the springback deformation.The optimizing factors include the clearance between the punch and die,the matrix radius,the height of drawbead and the relative position of the drawbead.The combination of software of Matlab and Design-Expert was adopted to conduct fitting and modeling analysis of the Response Surface Model(RSM).A secondorder RSM with three objective values was obtained.The accuracy of the obtained RSM was verified and the error margin was less than 7.4%,which was available for subsequent optimizations.The actual production results show that heads with good surface finish,small shape error and high dimension precision can be produced by the application of the proposed multi-objective optimization scheme of forming process.
Causes and Timing of Death in Extremely Premature Infants from 2000 through 2011 (2015)

We found that from 2000 through 2011, overall mortality declined among extremely premature infants. Deaths related to pulmonary causes, immaturity, infection, and central nervous system injury decreased, while necrotizing enterocolitis-related deaths increased. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Tunable Coupling Architecture for Fixed-frequency Transmons (2021)

Implementation of high-fidelity two-qubit operations is a key ingredient for scalable quantum error correction. In superconducting qubit architectures tunable buses have been explored as a means to higher fidelity gates. However, these buses introduce new pathways for leakage. Here we present a modified tunable bus architecture appropriate for fixed-frequency qubits in which the adiabaticity restrictions on gate speed are reduced. We characterize this coupler on a range of two-qubit devices achieving a maximum gate fidelity of $99.85\%$. We further show the calibration is stable over one day.
Real-time High-Resolution Mid-infrared Optical Coherence Tomography (2018)

The potential for improving the penetration depth of optical coherence tomography systems by using increasingly longer wavelength light sources has been known since the inception of the technique in the early 1990s. Nevertheless, the development of mid-infrared optical coherence tomography has long been challenged by the maturity and fidelity of optical components in this spectral region, resulting in slow acquisition, low sensitivity, and poor axial resolution. In this work, a mid-infrared spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system operating at 4 micron central wavelength with an axial resolution of 8.6 microns is demonstrated. The system produces 2D cross-sectional images in real-time enabled by a high-brightness 0.9-4.7 micron mid-infrared supercontinuum source with 1 MHz pulse repetition rate for illumination and broadband upconversion of more than 1 micron bandwidth from 3.58-4.63 microns to 820-865 nm, where a standard 800 nm spectrometer can be used for fast detection. Images produced by the mid-infrared system are compared with those delivered by a state-of-the-art ultra-high-resolution near-infrared optical coherence tomography system operating at 1.3 μm, and the potential applications and samples suited for this technology are discussed. In doing so, the first practical mid-infrared optical coherence tomography system is demonstrated, with immediate applications in real-time non-destructive testing for the inspection of defects and thickness measurements in samples that are too highly scattering at shorter wavelengths.
Supervision of network through software defined networking (2014)

This paper presents in the area of software defined networking. Our aim is to identify limitations of current networking technologies and how software-defined networks (SDN) could reduce cost, and improve the performance of campus Networks for their network management. We pursue to identify solutions in this paper to enable possible customers to assess that SDN may be preferable over Current network and also SDN introduces new options and configuration methods. In this paper, we identify problems with the current state of the art network configuration and management mechanisms and introduce new mechanisms to improve various aspects of network management. The technologies we describe enable network operators to implement a wide range of network policies in a high-level policy language and easily determine sources of performance problems. In addition to the systems themselves. Here we refer a various prototype arrangements in campus networks that demonstrate how SDN can improve common network management tasks. In addition to that, we explains therotically that, how SDN can improve the network management performance in network.