gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally and Chemically Gelling Injectable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2012)

Novel, injectable hydrogels were developed that solidify through a physical and chemical dual-gelation mechanism upon preparation and elevation of temperature to 37 °C. A thermogelling, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based macromer with pendant epoxy rings and a hydrolytically degradable polyamidoamine-based diamine cross-linker were synthesized, characterized, and combined to produce in situ forming hydrogel constructs. Network formation through the epoxy-amine reaction was shown to be rapid and facile, and the progressive incorporation of the hydrophilic polyamidoamine cross-linker into the hydrogel was shown to mitigate the often problematic tendency of thermogelling materials to undergo significant postformation gel syneresis. The results suggest that this novel class of injectable hydrogels may be attractive substrates for tissue engineering applications due to the synthetic versatility of the component materials and beneficial hydrogel gelation kinetics and stability.
Contribution of Fungal Loline Alkaloids to Protection from Aphids in a Grass-Endophyte Mutualism (2000)

Fungal endophytes provide grasses with enhanced protection from herbivory, drought, and pathogens. The loline alkaloids (saturated 1-aminopyrrolizidines with an oxygen bridge) are fungal metabolites often present in grasses with fungal endophytes of the genera Epichloë or Neotyphodium. We conducted a Mendelian genetic analysis to test for activity of lolines produced in plants against aphids feeding on those plants. Though most loline-producing endophytes are asexual, we found that a recently described sexual endophyte, Epichloë festucae, had heritable variation for loline alkaloid expression (Lol+) or nonexpression (Lol-). By analyzing segregation of these phenotypes and of linked DNA polymorphisms in crosses, we identified a single genetic locus controlling loline alkaloid expression in those E. festucae parents. We then tested segregating Lol+ and Lol- full-sibling fungal progeny for their ability to protect host plants from two aphid species, and observed that alkaloid expression cosegregated with activity against these insects. The in planta loline alkaloid levels correlated with levels of anti-aphid activity. These results suggested a key role of the loline alkaloids in protection of host plants from certain aphids, and represent, to our knowledge, the first Mendelian analysis demonstrating how a fungal factor contributes protection to plant-fungus mutualism.
Improved piezoelectric 0-3 ceramic particle/polymer composites (2002)

Methods and compositions are described for the preparation of piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composites having improved properties for applications in piezoelectric sensors. These composites consist of piezoelectric ceramic particles embedded in a polymer matrix. The improvements result from investigations of the effects of particle size, particle size dispersity, volumetric loading levels, ceramic and polymer dielectric constants, particle percolation, and processing conditions on performance.
Tunable OEO-based photonic RF receiver with image frequency rejection (2019)

A tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO)-based photonic radio frequency (RF) heterodyne receiver with the capability of image frequency rejection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The OEO incorporating a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (DEMZM) operates as a high quality local oscillator (LO) and a broadband mixer simultaneously, with one electrode port of the DEMZM used for the feedback of the generated LO signal and the other port for receiving external RF signals. Two channels of immediate frequency (IF) signals can be achieved in optical domain by beating the +1-order sideband of LO with the +1-order sideband of input RFs and beating the -1-order sideband of LO with the -1-order sideband of input RFs correspondingly. Through setting the bias angle of the DEMZM at π/4 or 5π/4 and quadrature combining of the two channels of the IF signal, the combined IF signal down-converted from the target RF signal gets enhanced due to the in-phase sum of two channels, while the combined IF signal down-converted from the image frequency can be rejected due to out-of-phase sum of two channels. In the experiment, the input RF signals with operating frequency range from 8.85 to 14.85 GHz are successfully received with the image rejection ratio reaching 42.6 dB, and the spurious free dynamic range of the system is better than 94.8 dB Hz<sup>2/3</sup>.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Mediated Reaction of Hydrazones and Nitroolefins with a Reversed Regioselectivity: A Novel Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human T-cell-mediated destruction of allogeneic dermal microvessels in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse. (1994)

We developed a chimeric human-severe combined immunodeficient mouse model to study human allograft rejection. Mice received first partial thickness human skin grafts and then, after anastomosis of the mouse with graft human microvessels, human lymphocytes allogeneic to the skin. By 2 weeks, the skin grafts uniformly developed changes that resemble first-set skin rejection in humans. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules were induced on the human vascular endothelium at day 6, prior to significant T-cell infiltration. Perivascular human CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltrates were marked by day 11. Some T cells, adjacent to injured human vessels, expressed the cytolytic granule protein perforin. The human microvessels were destroyed by day 16 without significant damage to human keratinocytes or adjacent mouse microvessels. This small animal model may permit evaluation of potential therapeutic reagents that inhibit human T-cell-mediated injury.
Morpholino-Mediated Isoform Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR2) Reduces Colon Cancer Xenograft Growth (2014)

Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a pro-angiogenic that is involved in tumor angiogenesis. When VEGF binds to membrane-bound vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (mVEGFR2), it promotes angiogenesis. Through alternative polyadenylation, VEGFR2 is also expressed in a soluble form (sVEGFR2). sVEGFR2 sequesters VEGF and is therefore anti-angiogenic. The aim of this study was to show that treatment with a previously developed and reported antisense morpholino oligomer that shifts expression from mVEGFR2 to sVEGFR2 would lead to reduced tumor vascularization and growth in a murine colon cancer xenograft model. Xenografts were generated by implanting human HCT-116 colon cancer cells into the flanks of NMRI nu/nu mice. Treatment with the therapeutic morpholino reduced both tumor growth and tumor vascularization. Because the HCT-116 cells used for the experiments did not express VEGFR2 and because the treatment morpholino targeted mouse rather than human VEGFR2, it is likely that treatment morpholino was acting on the mouse endothelial cells rather than directly on the tumor cells.
Multi-Mode Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Tomography Imaging for Variable-Depth Defects in Metal Plates (2016)

This paper proposes a new cross-hole tomography imaging (CTI) method for variable-depth defects in metal plates based on multi-mode electromagnetic ultrasonic Lamb waves (LWs). The dispersion characteristics determine that different modes of LWs are sensitive to different thicknesses of metal plates. In this work, the sensitivities to thickness variation of A0- and S0-mode LWs are theoretically studied. The principles and procedures for the cooperation of A0- and S0-mode LW CTI are proposed. Moreover, the experimental LW imaging system on an aluminum plate with a variable-depth defect is set up, based on A0- and S0-mode EMAT (electromagnetic acoustic transducer) arrays. For comparison, the traditional single-mode LW CTI method is used in the same experimental platform. The imaging results show that the computed thickness distribution by the proposed multi-mode method more accurately reflects the actual thickness variation of the defect, while neither the S0 nor the A0 single-mode method was able to distinguish thickness variation in the defect region. Moreover, the quantification of the defect's thickness variation is more accurate with the multi-mode method. Therefore, theoretical and practical results prove that the variable-depth defect in metal plates can be successfully quantified and visualized by the proposed multi-mode electromagnetic ultrasonic LW CTI method.
Instant curvature measurement for microcantilever sensors (2004)

A multiple-point deflection technique has been developed for the instant measurement of microcantilever curvature. Eight light-emitting diodes are focused on various positions of a gold-coated silicon cantilever through optical fibers, and temperature change or chemical adsorption induces cantilever bending. The deflection at each point on the cantilever is measured with subnanometer precision by a position-sensitive detector, and thus the curvature of the cantilever is obtained.
Hydrate Monitoring and Warning System: A New Approach for Reducing Gas Hydrate Risks (2005)

Abstract The current industry practice for hydrate prevention is injecting hydrate inhibitors at the upstream end of pipelines based on the calculated/measured hydrate phase boundary, water cut, worst pressure and temperature conditions, and the amount of inhibitor lost to non-aqueous phases. In general, systematic ways of controlling and monitoring along the pipeline and/or downstream to examine the degree of inhibition are very limited. It is also known that hydrate formation would result in some changes in the aqueous phase. Therefore, it should be possible to detect initial hydrate formation by detecting these changes. The focus of our work is to develop a warning system against initial hydrate formation either by detecting minute hydrate particles and/or any changes in the water structure. The aim is to give the operator adequate time to initiate remedial steps prior to massive hydrate formation/build up which could result in pipeline blockage. In this paper, we present a new approach for hydrate monitoring and warning system using physical property measurements such as dielectric properties and ultrasonic wave signal. The results demonstrate that dielectric properties at microwave frequencies has potential to be used as a downstream analysis and online analysis for detecting the initial hydrate formation and/or presence of hydrate particles and/or change in water structure due to hydrate formation. The ultrasonic signals (e.g., FFT and amplitude) could detect the presence of minute hydrate crystals and even nuclei, while there is no sign of hydrate formation from monitoring system pressure. The results are very encouraging and could potentially change the industrial approach to gas hydrate control strategy. This work is part of a comprehensive project which covers monitoring the degree of inhibition against hydrate formation to further improve the safety of offshore/deepwater operations, as well as optimizing inhibitor injection rate to minimize their environmental impact and improve the economical aspects of the development. Some of the methods developed in this work are equally applicable to reducing the risks associated with wax and/or salt depositions, further improving the flow assurance aspects of deepwater developments.
Lightweight tandem GaAs/CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cells (1990)

High-efficiency, ultralightweight, mechanically stacked 4-cm/sup 2/ thin-film tandem solar cells are discussed. The tandem stack consists of a single-crystal, thin-film Ga(Al)As cell fabricated by the cleavage of lateral epitaxy for transfer (CLEFT) process and adhesively bonded to the top of a CdZnS/CuInSe/sub 2/ polycrystalline thin-film cell deposited on glass. Maximum tandem efficiency in a four-terminal configuration of 21.6% AM0 have been demonstrated. This represents the highest thin-film cell efficiency reported to date. Individual subcells with efficiencies of 19.5% for CLEFT GaAs and 3.0% for CuInSe/sub 2/ have also been achieved. Cell specific power as high as 600 W/kg has been achieved with a 4-cm/sup 2/ cell weight of 188 mg without coverglass, at an efficiency of 20.8% AM0.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrical Impedance Methods in Neuromuscular Assessment: An Overview (2018)

Electrical impedance methods have been used as evaluation tools in biological and medical science for well over 100 years. However, only recently have these techniques been applied specifically to the evaluation of conditions affecting nerve and muscle. This specific application, termed electrical impedance myography (EIM), is finding wide application as it can provide a quantitative index of muscle condition that can assist with diagnosis, track disease progression, and assess the beneficial impact of therapy. Using noninvasive surface methods, EIM has been studied in a number of conditions ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to muscular dystrophy to disuse atrophy. Data support that the technique is sensitive to disease status and can offer the possibility of performing clinical trials with fewer subjects than would otherwise be possible. Recent advances in the field include improved approaches for using EIM as a "virtual biopsy" and the development of combined needle impedance-electromyography technology.
The Encapsulation of Organic Molecules and Enzymes in Sol-Gel Glasses: Novel Photoactive, Optical, Sensing and Bioactive Materials. A Review (1992)

The ability to trap organic and bioorganic molecules in in-organic oxides through the sol gel process, first introduced in 1984, opened the road for a whole new class of materials and to intensive activity in many laboratories. The types of materials and their applications are reviewed. These include photocatalysts for redox reactions; photochromic materials and other information recording materials, filters and light-guides; fluorescent, phosphorescent and dye-laser materials; a variety of chemical sensors; and bioactive (enzymatic) glasses. One of the major revolutions in modern materials science has been the advent of a novel synthetic route for the preparation of glasses, know as the sol-gel processes . The basic idea of the sol-gel process is to split the glass preparation into two main stages: The first stage is a room temperature polymerization of a suitable monomer leading to a porous glass, usually an inorganic glass. The second stage is the closure of the pores at elevated temperatures (several hundreds degrees), forming the final glass.
Tubulin polymerizing activity of dictyostatin-1, a polyketide of marine sponge origin (2003)

Dictyostatin-1 had previously been isolated from a marine sponge of the genus Spongia sp. and described as a cytotoxic agent to murine and human cancer cells, but its mechanism of activity was unknown. In a routine screening assay used to detect cytotoxic compounds of marine origin, dictyostatin-1 was identified as a highly active component in an extract from a Lithistida sponge and exploration into its pharmacology was pursued. Initial studies demonstrated that dictyostatin-1 arrested cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Staining of these cells with antitubulin revealed cells having multiple aster formations and microtubule matrix bundling patterns similar to that seen in cells exposed to paclitaxel. Dictyostatin-1 was able to induce the polymerization of purified bovine brain tubulin in vitro and the polymerized tubulin remained stable at cold temperatures. Dictyostatin-1 also proved to be highly potent in two paclitaxel-resistant human cancer cell lines expressing active P-glycoprotein. Together, these results indicate that dictyostatin-1 is a potent inducer of tubulin polymerization and retains activity in cells expressing the P-glycoprotein efflux pump.
Preparation and Characterization of High Temperature Perovskite Ferroelectrics in the Solid-Solution (1-<i>x</i>)BiScO<sub>3</sub>–<i>x</i>PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (2002)

The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the new perovskite solid solution system (1 - x)BiScO3-xPbTiO(3) were investigated. This system is representative of a new group of high temperature piezoelectrics that includes Bi(Me)O-3-PbTiO3, where Me+3 is a relatively large cation, Sc, Y, Yb, In. etc., and combinations thereof. In the (1 - x)BiScO3-xPbTiO(3) series, perovskite stability was achieved for x > 50 mol% PbTiO3 being ferroelectric rhombohedral and transforming to ferroelectric tetragonal in the region x = 64 mol% PbTiO3, designated as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Analogous to (1 - x)PbZrO3-xPbTiO(3) (PZT), the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were enhanced for compositions near the MPB. Piezoelectric coefficient d(33) values reached 450 pC/N, comparable to soft PZT's with a transition temperature of 450degreesC. more than 100degreesC higher than commercial PZT. The combination of high Tc and excellent piezoelectric activity make (1 - x)BiScO3-xPbTiO(3) materials candidates for high temperature, and temperature stable actuators and transducers.
Polar coordinate based nonlinear function for frequency-domain blind source separation (2002)

This paper presents a new type of nonlinear function for independent component analysis to process complex-valued signals, which is used in frequency-domain blind source separation. The new function is based on the polar coordinates of a complex number, whereas the conventional one is based on the Cartesian coordinates. The new function is derived from the probability density function of frequency-domain signals that are assumed to be independent of the phase. We show that the difference between the two types of functions is in the assumed densities of independent components. Experimental results for separating speech signals show that the new nonlinear function behaves better than the conventional one.
Notice of Removal: Enhanced axial and lateral resolution using stabilized pulses (2017)

Removed.
CIXOB-k: combined input-crosspoint-output buffered packet switch (2002)

We propose a novel architecture, a combined input-crosspoint-output buffered (CIXOB-k, where k is the size of the crosspoint buffer) Switch. CIXOB-k architecture provides 100% throughput under uniform and unbalanced traffic. It also provides timing relaxation and scalability. CIXOB-k is based on a switch with combined input-crosspoint buffering (CIXB-k) and round-robin arbitration. CIXB-k has a better performance than a non-buffered crossbar that uses iSLIP arbitration scheme. CIXOB-k uses a small speedup to provide 100% throughput under unbalanced traffic. We analyze the effect of the crosspoint buffer size and the switch size under uniform and unbalanced traffic for CIXB-k. We also describe solutions for relaxing the crosspoint memory amount and scalability for a CIXOB-k switch with a large number of ports.
Pump tank divider plate for sump suction sodium pumps. [LMFBR] (1977)

A circular plate extends across the diameter of a sump suction pump, with a close clearance between the edge of the plate and the wall of the pump tank. The plate is located above the pump impeller, inlet and outlet flow nozzles but below the sodium free surface and effectively divides the pump tank into two separate chambers. On change of pump speed, the close fitting flow restriction plate limits the rate of flow into or out of the upper chamber, thereby minimizing the rate of level change in the tank and permitting time for the pump cover gas pressure to be varied to maintain an essentially constant level. 4 claims, 3 figures.
Method and apparatus for attenuating external origin noise reaching the eardrum, and for improving intelligibility of electro-acoustic communications (1989)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Christian E. Carme, Alain R. Roure; Method and apparatus for attenuating external origin noise reaching the eardrum, and for improving intelligibility of electro‐acoustic communications. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 November 1989; 86 (5): 2048. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.398518 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A novel process for methanol synthesis. Progress report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 (1992)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to study the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol (MeOH) by a novel process. In previous reports, we provided evidence that the reaction takes place in two steps. A molecule of MeOH is first carbonylated to form methyl formate (MeF) which then reacts with H{sub 2} to form two molecules of MeOH. The second reaction occurs on the surface of a heterogeneous catalyst such as copper chromite, while the first reaction requires a homegenous catalyst such as potassium methoxide (KOMe) and takes place in a non-equilibrium region in the vicinity of the heterogeneous catalyst. A synergism between the two catalysts enhances the rate of MeOH formation. In this quarter, we studied the effect of reaction conditions on the rate of formation of MeF and the effect of CO{sub 2} concentration in the feed gas on the rate of MeOH synthesis. Kinetic studies were also initiated and rate expressions were examined.
Biological treatment of industrial wastewaters: a fungal approach (2012)

Treatment of industrial wastewaters represents an actual and spread topic.In fact, the in-use techniques are not able to completely degrade all the pollutants, present in the effluents.At the moment, other approaches are under investigation, but they often have some drawbacks in terms of economical and environmental sustainability.A strain of Bjerkandera adusta MUT 2295, previously selected for its capability to degrade several industrial model dyes, has been tested towards real industrial wastewaters, coming from textile and pharmaceutical industries.The efficacy of the treatment was monitored, following the decolourisation percentage (DP) and the modification of other parameters as the chemical oxygen demand (COD).The effect of the fungal immobilisation on 4 inert supports was investigated in order to select the best one in terms of biomass production and enzymatic activity.The efficiency of the immobilized biomass was assessed toward a textile effluent, comparing it with a freecell treatment.