gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graph-cuts based reconstructing patient specific right ventricle: First human study (2014)

Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the clinical status and long-term outcome in patients with congenital heart disease as well as ischemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction. However, quantification of RV characteristics and function are still challenging due to its complex morphology and its thin wall with coarse trabeculations. To assess RV functions quantitatively, establishing the patient-specific model from medical images is a prerequisite task. This study aims to develop a novel method for RV model reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and preprocessed. Contours of right ventricle, right atrium and pulmonary artery were manually delineated at all slices and all time frames. The contour coordinates as well as the medical image specifications such as image pixel resolution and slick thickness were exported. The contours were transformed to the correct positions. Reorientation and matching were executed in between neighboring contours; extrapolation and interpolation were conducted upon all contours. After preprocessing, the more dense point set was reconstructed through a variational tool. A Delaunay-based tetrahedral mesh was generated on the region of interest. The weighted minimal surface model was used to describe RV surface. The graphcuts technique, i.e., max-flow/min-cut algorithm, was applied to minimize the energy defined by the model. The reconstructed surface was extracted from the mesh according to the mincut. Smoothing and remeshing were performed. The CPU time to reconstruct the model for one frame was approximately 2 minutes. In 10 consecutive subjects referred for cardiac MRI (80% female), right ventricular volumes were measured using our method against the commercial available CMRtools package. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes between our method and commercial software (r= 0.89 for end-diastolic volume and r=0.79 for end-systolic volume, both P<;0.0001). The time to obtain right ventricular volumes was shorter using our method than commercial one. In conclusion, a new method for right ventricle reconstruction has been developed. We envisage that this automatic modeling tool could be used by radiographer and cardiologists to assess the RV function in diverse heart diseases.
Resonant coupling for distributed filtering in an optical fiber (2005)

Index-matched coupling between core and cladding modes has been designed for an optical fiber by incorporating high-index rings into the cladding. Measurements show resonant coupling at index-matched wavelengths enabling distributed filtering over specific wavelength regions. (2 pages)
Ferroelectric nonvolatile memory technology with bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric materials (2002)

Ferroelectric nonvolatile memory (FeRAM) technology using thin films of a bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric material (also known as "Y-1") is presented. The exemplified Y-1 FeRAM exhibits excellent characteristics with regard to data transfer rate, operating voltages, etc., which cannot be achieved by other nonvolatile memories such as EEPROMs and FLASH. Preparation and characterization of Y-1 capacitors are also described, which reveal Y-1 seems to be a promising candidate for FeRAM applications because of its fatigue-free behaviour.
Determining the three-dimensional read accuracy of an RFID tag using a power scaling factor (2011)

It is beneficial in RFID applications to know where a tag can be successfully powered in a three-dimensional space. The research presented gives a method for efficient calculation of the powering volume of an RFID tag computationally facilitated by a newly developed power scaling factor. The method, when used in conjunction with the three-dimensional interrogator and tag antenna gains, can provide insight into the powering capability of the tag. Additionally, the power-scaling factor provides a new figure of merit that can be used to compare performance of RFID tags.
Porous Zinc Anode Design for Zn-air Chemistry (2019)

Zinc-air battery has drawn increasing attention from the whole world owing to its large energy capacity, stable working voltage, environmentally friendship and low price. A special porous Zn with three-dimensional (3D) network frame structure, whose multistage average pore sizes can be tuned from 300 um to 8 um, is synthesized in this work. It is found that there is a competition between Zn2+ and NH4+ for their reduction on the supports. And the decrease of Zn2+ concentration and increase of NH4+ concentration can facilitate the decrease of pore size. Potential-dynamic polarization was tested with 3-electrodes cell, aiming to characterize the electrochemical activity and corrosion properties of porous Zn and commercial Zn foil electrodes. After optimization, the porous Zn prepared with the parameters of 3 M NaBr, 1 M C2H3O2NH4, and 0.01 M C4H6O4Zn shows the most positive corrosion potential of -1.45 V among all the samples, indicating the remarkable anti-corrosion property. Its discharge specific capacity is up to 812 mAh g-1. And discharge-charge test of the porous Zn shows an initial discharge platform of 1.33 V and an initial charge platform of 1.96 V, performing a small overpotential. What’s more, the porous Zn exhibits a much longer cycle life than commercial Zn foil. Our work will not only shed light on the design and synthesis of other porous metal materials, but also further promote the development of Zn-based battery electrochemistry.
Detecting Fragmentation of Kidney Stones in Lithotripsy by Means of Shock Wave Scattering (2006)

Although extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (a procedure of kidney stone comminution using focused shock waves) has been used clinically for many years, a proper monitoring of the stone fragmentation is still undeveloped. A method considered here is based on recording shock wave scattering signals with a focused receiver placed far from the stone, outside the patient body. When a fracture occurs in the stone or the stone becomes smaller, the elastic waves in the stone will propagate differently (e.g. shear waves will not cross a fracture) which, in turn, will change the scattered acoustic wave in the surrounding medium. Theoretical studies of the scattering phenomenon are based on a linear elastic model to predict shock wave scattering by a stone, with and without crack present in it. The elastic waves in the stone and the nearby liquid were modeled using a finite difference time domain approach. The subsequent acoustic propagation of the scattered waves into the far‐field was calculated using the Helmholtz‐Kirchhoff integral. Experimental studies were conducted using a research electrohydraulic lithotripter that produced the same acoustic output as an unmodified Dornier HM3 clinical lithotripter. Artificial stones, made from Ultracal‐30 gypsum and acrylic, were used as targets. The stones had cylindrical shape and were positioned co‐axially with the lithotripter axis. The scattered wave was measured by focused broadband PVDF hydrophone. It was shown that the size of the stone noticeably changed the signature of the reflected wave.
Targeting cardiac potassium channels for state-of-the-art drug discovery (2014)

Cardiac K(+) channels will continue to represent significant clinical targets for drug discovery. Although fluorescent high-throughput screening (HTS) assays and automated patch clamp systems will remain the workhorse technologies for identifying lead compounds, innovations in the areas of microfluidics, micropatterning and biosensor fabrication will allow further growth of technologies using primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
Improvements in connected digit recognition using higher order spectral and energy features (1991)

It is shown how one can apply the improved acoustic modeling techniques (using a continuous density hidden Markov model framework) developed for large vocabulary speech recognition applications to the problem of connected digit recognition with no changes made to the basic modeling techniques and with no vocabulary specific information used. The improved modeling techniques adopted in this study include an improved feature analysis procedure, which incorporates higher order cepstral and log energy time derivatives, and an improved acoustic resolution procedure, which uses more Gaussian mixture components per state to characterize the acoustic variability in each state of the model. Using these techniques, string accuracies of 98.6% for unknown length strings and 99.2% for known length strings were achieved on the standard Texas Instruments connected digits database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High growth rate hydride vapor phase epitaxy at low temperature through use of uncracked hydrides (2018)

We demonstrate hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) of GaAs with unusually high growth rates (RG) at low temperature and atmospheric pressure by employing a hydride-enhanced growth mechanism. Under traditional HVPE growth conditions that involve growth from Asx species, RG exhibits a strong temperature dependence due to slow kinetics at the surface, and growth temperatures &gt;750 °C are required to obtain RG &gt; 60 μm/h. We demonstrate that when the group V element reaches the surface in a hydride, the kinetic barrier is dramatically reduced and surface kinetics no longer limit RG. In this regime, RG is dependent on mass transport of uncracked AsH3 to the surface. By controlling the AsH3 velocity and temperature profile of the reactor, which both affect the degree of AsH3 decomposition, we demonstrate tuning of RG. We achieve RG above 60 μm/h at temperatures as low as 560 °C and up to 110 μm/h at 650 °C. We incorporate high-RG GaAs into solar cell devices to verify that the electronic quality does not deteriorate as RG is increased. The open circuit voltage (VOC), which is a strong function of non-radiative recombination in the bulk material, exhibits negligible variance in a series of devices grown at 650 °C with RG = 55–110 μm/h. The implications of low temperature growth for the formation of complex heterostructure devices by HVPE are discussed.
Inverse Scattering Theory:  Strategies Based on the Volterra Inverse Series for Acoustic Scattering (2004)

We consider the necessity of half-off-shell transition-matrix elements (near-field) information on iterative approaches to the inverse acoustic scattering problem. We then show that, because of the manner in which half-off-shell effects enter, the recently introduced Volterra inverse series correctly predicts the first two moments of the interaction, while the Fredholm inverse series is correct only for the first moment. Finally, we demonstrate that the Volterra approach provides a method for exactly obtaining interactions that can be written as a sum of delta functions.
Darstellung von Tumoren der weiblichen Brust mit MR-Elastographie (2001)

MRE is an imaging modality enabling adjunct tissue differentiation of mammary tumors.
Comparison of System-Matrix-Based and Projection-Based Reconstructions for Field Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging (2016)

In magnetic particle imaging (MPI), system sensitivity can be enhanced by scanning the sample along a field free line (FFL) instead of a field free point (FFP). FFL MPI data can then be processed via system-matrix or projection-based reconstructions. Here, we compare the relative performance of these two approaches. We assume an ideal FFL (straight and homogeneous), which is translated and rotated in a two-dimensional field-of-view. We simulate the acquired data from a numerical vessel phantom for a broad range of noise levels. For the system-matrix reconstruction, we propose Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve a constrained convex optimization problem. We also analyze the results of the nonnegative fused lasso (NFL) model to compare the performance of ADMM with one of the state-of-the-art system-matrix-based methods. For the projection-based reconstruction, we use the inverse Radon transform formulation with x-space reconstruction. System-matrix-based methods resulted in a higher structural similarity index and contrast compared to the x-space reconstruction method at the expense of longer reconstruction time. Artifacts occurred due to gridding errors for the x-space reconstruction. As expected, ADMM and NFL reconstructions yielded similar image quality.
Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies positivity and disease activity in Hispanic patients with established rheumatoid arthritis: An observational study (2021)

Anti-CarP IgG antibodies are not associated to a higher disease activity in Hispanic patients with established RA. Our findings suggest that the clinical value of measuring anti-CarP antibodies in RA diminishes over time.
A /spl lambda//4-shifted sampled or superstructure grating widely tunable twin-guide laser (2001)

A novel widely tunable laser diode that only requires two tuning currents is proposed. The laser structure is based on the tunable twin-guide laser with a /spl lambda//4-shifted sampled or superstructure grating. Numerical simulation results are given for the tuning characteristics.
Kernel-Based Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern for Gait Recognition (2016)

Gait recognition has received increasing attention in biometrics. However, more effort is needed to enhance the performance. In this paper, we investigate a novel descriptor for gait recognition known as Kernel-based Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (KFLBP). The spatio-temporal static and dynamic characteristics of a gait sequence is first summarized using a Gait-Energy Image (GEI). Then, the proposed approach combines multiple FLBP with different radii to better handle uncertainty in GEI and improve the recognition performance. We evaluate the proposed method on CASIA B dataset at different view angles. We also compare the performance with other feature extraction methods and explore the impact of different walking covariates on the performance.
Construction of a linguistic adaptation law for a fuzzy sliding-mode controller (2002)

Fuzzy controllers are often used in the standard form of fuzzy sliding-mode controllers. The tuning of the numerous possible parameters of the fuzzy controller for optimal behaviour is difficult and time-consuming. Linguistically represented system knowledge as well as heuristic design principles of a control expert are expressed by fuzzy control principles, and are implemented in order to adapt the nonlinear input output characteristic of the fuzzy sliding-mode controller. Here, a detailed outline for the implementation of the linguistically defined adaptation law is given. Analysing the adaptation strategy, the adaptation algorithm itself proves to be of fuzzy sliding-mode controller type. Using Lyapunov theory, an analytic expression relating system uncertainties with parameter exactness is given. Simulation results for an inverted pendulum with time-varying pendulum length illustrate the effectiveness of the adaptation algorithm.
Design and realization of an ultra-slim array projector (2011)

State of the art projectors with a single aperture optical layout always require a trade-off between system volume and projected flux caused by étendue limitation. The presented 'array projection' technology overcomes this constraint of traditional concepts by an optical multi-aperture setup using arrayed microlenses as projection objectives. Furthermore, the presented multi¬channel approach enables for a unique extension of depth of focus, which ensures a brilliant image contrast even for extreme screen geometries without decreasing the system transmission. We present the design and realization of a first prototype for fixed projection patterns and show results of simulations regarding to depth of focus extension.
Difference in TB10.4 T‐cell epitope recognition following immunization with recombinant TB10.4, BCG or infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2010)

Most novel vaccines against infectious diseases are based on recombinant Ag; however, only few studies have compared Ag-specific immune responses induced by natural infection with that induced by the same Ag in a recombinant form. Here, we studied the epitope recognition pattern of the tuberculosis vaccine Ag, TB10.4, in a recombinant form, or when expressed by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), or by the current anti-tuberculosis vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We showed that BCG and M.tb induced a similar CD4+ T-cell specific TB10.4 epitope-pattern, which differed completely from that induced by recombinant TB10.4. This difference was not due to post-translational modifications of TB10.4 or because TB10.4 is secreted from BCG and M.tb as a complex with Rv0287. In addition, BCG and TB10.4/CAF01 were both taken up by DC and macrophages in vivo, and in vitro uptake experiments revealed that both TB10.4 and BCG were transported to Lamp+-compartments. BCG and TB10.4 however, were directed to different types of Lamp+-compartments in the same APC, which may lead to different epitope recognition patterns. In conclusion, we show that different vectors can induce completely different recognition of the same protein.
Dynamics and Control of a Biomimetic Vehicle Using Biased Wingbeat Forcing Functions: Part II - Controller (2010)

A control strategy is proposed for a minimally-actuated flapping-wing micro air-vehicle (FWMAV). The proposed vehicle is similar to the Harvard RoboFly that accomplished the first takeoff of an insect scale flapping wing aircraft, except that it is equipped with independently actuated wings. Using the derivation of the aerodynamic forces and moments from Part I, a control allocation strategy and a feedback control law are designed that enable the vehicle to achieve untethered, stabilized flight about a hover condition. Six degree-of-freedom maneuvers near hover are demonstrated as well. The control laws are designed to make use of two actuators that control the angular position of the wing in the stroke plane. The SplitCycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation with Wing Bias technique, introduced in Part I, is used to allow each wing to generate non-zero cycleaveraged aerodynamic forces and moments. This technique modifies the frequencies of the up and down strokes to yield non-zero cycle-averaged drag due to the flapping motion of a wing. Additionally, the midpoint of the wingbeat profile can be modified by use of a wing bias. The bias is introduced to primarily provide pitching moment control. In this work, the sensitivities of cycle-averaged forces and moments with respect to the
Sensing characteristics of birefringent microstructured polymer optical fiber (2011)

We experimentally studied several sensing characteristics of a birefringent microstructured polymer optical fiber. The fiber exhibits a birefringence of the order 2×10<sup>-5</sup> at 1.3 μm because of two small holes adjacent to the core. In this fiber, we measured spectral dependence of phase and group modal birefringence, bending losses, polarimetric sensitivity to strain and temperature. The sensitivity to strain was also examined for intermodal interference observed in the spectral range below 0.8 μm. Finally, we showed that the material transmission windows shift as function of the applied strain. This shift has an exponential character and saturates for greater strain.
Centromere and kinetochore gene misexpression predicts cancer patient survival and response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy (2016)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that contributes to tumour heterogeneity and other malignant properties. Aberrant centromere and kinetochore function causes CIN through chromosome missegregation, leading to aneuploidy, rearrangements and micronucleus formation. Here we develop a Centromere and kinetochore gene Expression Score (CES) signature that quantifies the centromere and kinetochore gene misexpression in cancers. High CES values correlate with increased levels of genomic instability and several specific adverse tumour properties, and prognosticate poor patient survival for breast and lung cancers, especially early-stage tumours. They also signify high levels of genomic instability that sensitize cancer cells to additional genotoxicity. Thus, the CES signature forecasts patient response to adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Our results demonstrate the prognostic and predictive power of the CES, suggest a role for centromere misregulation in cancer progression, and support the idea that tumours with extremely high CIN are less tolerant to specific genotoxic therapies.
Tricyclic Farnesyl Protein Transferase Inhibitors:  Crystallographic and Calorimetric Studies of Structure−Activity Relationships (1999)

Crystallographic and thermodynamic studies of farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) complexed with novel tricyclic inhibitors provide insights into the observed SAR for this unique class of nonpeptidic FPT inhibitors. The crystallographic structures reveal a binding pattern conserved across the mono-, di-, and trihalogen series. In the complexes, the tricycle spans the FPT active site cavity and interacts with both protein atoms and the isoprenoid portion of bound farnesyl diphosphate. An amide carbonyl, common to the tricyclic compounds described here, participates in a water-mediated hydrogen bond to the protein backbone. Ten high-resolution crystal structures of inhibitors complexed with FPT are reported. Included are crystallographic data for FPT complexed with SCH 66336, a compound currently undergoing clinical trials as an anticancer agent (SCH 66336, 4-[2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5, 6]cyclohepta[1, 2-b]pyridin-11-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-1-piperidinecarbo xamide ). Thermodynamic binding parameters show favorable enthalpies of complex formation and small net entropic contributions as observed for 4-[2-[4-(3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-11H-benzo[5, 6]cyclohepta[1, 2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]pyridine N-oxide where DeltaH degrees bind = -12.5 kcal/mol and TDeltaS degrees bind = -1.5 kcal/mol.
Micro-bend losses of trench-assisted single-mode fibers (2010)

We study, both theoretically and experimentally, the micro-bending behavior of single-trench-assisted bend-insensitive and large effective-area fibers. We show how the trench significantly reduces the micro-bend losses compared to those of standard step-index profiles of single-mode fibers.
ARCD: a Solution for Root Cause Diagnosis in Mobile Networks (2018)

International audience
Importance Sketching of Influence Dynamics in Billion-Scale Networks (2017)

The blooming availability of traces for social, biological, and communication networks opens up unprecedented opportunities in analyzing diffusion processes in networks. However, the sheer sizes of the nowadays networks raise serious challenges in computational efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we propose a new hyper-graph sketching framework for influence dynamics in networks. The core of our sketching framework, called SKIS, is an efficient importance sampling algorithm that returns only non-singular reverse cascades in the network. Comparing to previously developed sketches like RIS and SKIM, our sketch significantly enhances estimation quality while substantially reducing processing time and memory-footprint. Further, we present general strategies of using SKIS to enhance existing algorithms for influence estimation and influence maximization which are motivated by practical applications like viral marketing. Using SKIS, wedesign high-quality influence oracles for seed sets with average estimation error up to 10x times smaller than those using RIS and 6x times smaller than SKIMs. In addition, our influence maximization using SKIS substantially improves the quality of solutions for greedy algorithms. It achieves up to 10x times speed-up and 4x memory reduction for the fastest RIS-based DSSA algorithm, while maintaining the same theoretical guarantees.