gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faster Web page allocation with neural networks (2002)

To maintain quality of service, some heavily trafficked Web sites use multiple servers, which share information through a shared file system or data space. The Andrews file system (AFS) and distributed file system (DFS), for example, can facilitate this sharing. In other sites, each server might have its own independent file system. Although scheduling algorithms for traditional distributed systems do not address the special needs of Web server clusters well, a significant evolution in the computational approach to artificial intelligence and cognitive engineering shows promise for Web request scheduling. Not only is this transformation - from discrete symbolic reasoning to massively parallel and connectionist neural modeling - of compelling scientific interest, but also of considerable practical value. Our novel application of connectionist neural modeling to map Web page requests to Web server caches maximizes hit ratio while load balancing among caches. In particular, we have developed a new learning algorithm for fast Web page allocation on a server using the self-organizing properties of the neural network (NN).
High and low side high voltage switch with over voltage and over current protection (2013)

The introduction of monolithic electronics in automotive as well as industrial applications makes switches an ubiquitous building block. In this environment switches need to handle high voltage, high currents densities as well as low power consumption. Cost reduction brought by technology scaling allowed adding safety functions to switches and consequently to improve switches reliability. Current limitation, thermal shutdown, overvoltage and under voltage protections are some of these functionalities. This article review circuit topologies commonly used as switches. A new topology with current limitation and no consumption in stand by operation mode is proposed. Based on this topology, high side and low side switches were integrated in smartMOS™ Freescale proprietary technology. Evaluation results are presented and discussed.
ProBeam (2013)

Small cells form a critical component of next generation cellular networks, where spatial reuse is the key to higher spectral efficiencies. Interference management in the spatial domain through beamforming allows for increased reuse without having to sacrifice resources in the time or frequency domain. Existing beamforming techniques for spatial reuse, being coupled with client scheduling, face a key limitation in practical realization, especially with OFDMA small cells. In this context, we argue that for a practical spatial reuse system with beamforming, it is important to decouple beamforming from client scheduling. Further, we show that jointly addressing client association with beamforming is critical to maximizing the reuse potential of beamforming.
Parallel constrained coding with application to two-dimensional constraints (2002)

A parallel constrained coding scheme is considered where p-blocks of raw data are encoded simultaneously into q tracks such that the contents of each track belong to a given constraint S. It is shown that as q increases, there are parallel block-decodable encoders for S whose coding ratio p/q converges to the capacity of S. Examples are provided where parallel coding allows block-decodable encoders, while conventional coding, at the same rate, does not. Parallel encoders are then applied as building blocks in the construction of block-decodable encoders for certain families of two-dimensional constraints.
Knock x knock (2015)

We introduce UniAuth, a set of mechanisms for streamlining authentication to devices and web services. With UniAuth, a user first authenticates himself to his UniAuth client, typically his smartphone or wearable device. His client can then authenticate to other services on his behalf. In this paper, we focus on exploring the user experiences with an early iPhone prototype called Knock x Knock. To manage a variety of accounts securely in a usable way, Knock x Knock incorporates features not supported in existing password managers, such as tiered and location-aware lock control, authentication to laptops via knocking, and storing credentials locally while working with laptops seamlessly. In two field studies, 19 participants used Knock x Knock for one to three weeks with their own devices and accounts. Our participants were highly positive about Knock x Knock, demonstrating the desirability of our approach. We also discuss interesting edge cases and design implications.
Electrochromic iridium oxide films prepared by reactive sputtering (1979)

We report the preparation and electrochromic properties of iridium oxide films deposited by reactively sputtering iridium in a humidified oxygen discharge. These sputtered iridium oxide films (SIROFs) have the fast coloring and bleaching kinetics and excellent stability previously observed for anodically grown iridium oxide films (AIROFs). SIROFs deposited on SnO2-coated glass can be modulated from clear to blue-gray with properties similar to those of AIROFs. In addition, SIROFs deposited on metal substrates exhibit a variety of colors which can be electrically altered. This adds a new dimension to the range of potential applications for iridium oxide displays.
Immunoassay for human serum erythroferrone (2017)

Erythroferrone (ERFE) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by erythroblasts in response to stimulation by erythropoietin (EPO). We previously demonstrated that ERFE messenger RNA expression and serum protein concentration increase in mice subjected to hemorrhage or EPO therapy, that ERFE acts on hepatocytes to suppress hepcidin, and that the resulting decrease in hepcidin augments iron delivery for intensified erythropoiesis. We also showed that ERFE contributes to pathological hepcidin suppression and iron overload in mice with nontransfused β-thalassemia. We now report the development and technical validation of a rabbit monoclonal antibody-based sandwich immunoassay for human ERFE. We use this assay to show that blood loss or EPO administration increases serum ERFE concentrations in humans, and that patients with both nontransfused and transfused β-thalassemia have very high serum ERFE levels, which decrease after blood transfusion. The assay should be useful for human studies of normal and disordered erythropoiesis and its effect on iron homeostasis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Proof, and Biological Activity of Epothilone Cyclopropanes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
16.3 A 23Mb/s 23pJ/b fully synthesized true-random-number generator in 28nm and 65nm CMOS (2014)

True random number generators (TRNGs) use physical randomness as entropy sources and are heavily used in cryptography and security [1]. Although hardware TRNGs provide excellent randomness, power consumption and design complexity are often high. Previous work has demonstrated TRNGs based on a resistor-amplifier-ADC chain [2], oscillator jitter [1], metastability [3-5] and other device noise [6-7]. However, analog designs suffer from variation and noise, making them difficult to integrate with digital circuits. Recent metastability-based methods [3-5] provide excellent performance but often require careful calibration to remove bias. SiN MOSFETs [6] exploit larger thermal noise but require post-processing to achieve sufficient randomness. An oxide breakdown-based TRNG [7] shows high entropy but suffers from low performance and high energy/bit. Ring oscillator (RO)-based TRNGs offer the advantage of design simplicity, but previous methods using a slow jittery clock to sample a fast clock provide low randomness [1] and are vulnerable to power supply attacks [8]. In addition, the majority of previous methods cannot pass all NIST randomness tests.
Photochemically activated antiviral halogenated 1,8-naphthalimides: Synthesis of N, N′-BIS-{2-[(5-bromo-2-[1-14C]hexyl-1H-benz[DE]isoquinolin-1,3(2H)-dion-6-YL)amino]ethyl}hexanediamide (1996)

The synthesis of N, N′-bis-{2-[(5-bromo-2-[1-14C]hexyl-1H-benz[de]isoquinolin-1,3(2H)-dion-6-yl)amino]ethyl}hexanediamide from 1-[1-14C]-hexylamine and 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride is described. The anhydride is first converted to the 4-chloro-N-[1-14C]hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide (2) by condensation with 1-[1-14C]-hexylamine, and the chlorine is then displaced with ethylenediamine to give the 4-(2-aminoethylamino-N-[1-14C]hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide (3). Coupling of this monomeric naphthalimide with adipoyl chloride affords the dimeric naphthalimide (4) which is brominated regiospecifically with elemental bromine in carbon tetrachloride to afford the title compound (5).
Automatic speech recognition for mobile hand-held devices (2000)

The implementation and evaluation of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) based task for a mobile, hand-held device is presented. The use of ASR on mobile devices will make environmental noise, and the design of transducers and compensation algorithms for dealing with noise, critical issues for the success of ASR based services on these devices. A description of the task is provided along with a set of compensation techniques that are used to compensate speaker independent hidden Markov models (HMMs) with respect to environment and transducer variability. Data were collected in a prototype application environment for a form-filling directory access task with speech and pen input and text output (48 subjects in an office environment; 21 in a cafeteria). A technique for combined environment/transducer compensation is presented for this task and is shown to significantly reduce the effects of environmental mismatch. The overall performance degradation was reduced from 41.7% to 10.4% for speech spoken through a far-field microphone in an office environment, and from 79.2% to 39.8% for the same transducer in a noisy cafeteria environment.
Adaptation of quadratic trajectory segment models for small vocabulary speech recognition (2002)

In this paper, we report our recent work on applications of the MAP approach to estimating the time-varying quadratic polynomial Gaussian mean functions in the nonstationary-state or trended HMM. Assuming uncorrelatedness among the quadratic polynomial coefficients in the trended HMM, we have obtained analytical results for the MAP estimates of the time-varying mean and precision parameters. We have implemented a speech recognizer based on these results in speaker adaptation experiments using TI46 corpora. Experimental results show that the quadratic trended HMM always outperforms the standard, stationary-state HMM and that adaptation of quadratic polynomial coefficients only is better than adapting both polynomial coefficients and precision matrices when fewer than four adaptation tokens are used.
A CCD video delay line with charge-integrating amplifier (1991)

The authors describe a charge coupled device (CCD) sense amplifier in a video delay line which overcomes the major limitations of conventional floating diffusion amplifier (FDA) technology, such as limited output voltage and operating temperature range. These advances are implemented with a switched-capacitor integrator (SCI) using an op amp with a newly developed output stage in a CMOS-CCD process. This circuit is effected within the constraints of 5-V operation by using negative pulses to reach the low channel potential of the CCD in the pinning region in the final gate of the CCD. The chip operates with 14.3-MHz clock and 5-V power supply, and can process a 1.0-V/sub p-p/ signal voltage under 1% distortion, and under 4% gain variation from -20 to 70 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis for Fuel Supply System in Gas Turbine Engines (2005)

A fault diagnosis and prognosis method is developed for the fuel supply system in gas turbine engines. The engine startup profiles of the core speed (N2) and the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) collected with high speed sampling rate are extracted and processed into a more compact data set. The fuzzy clustering method is applied to the smaller number of parameters and the fault is detected by differentiating the clusters matching the failures. In this work, the actual flight data collected in the field is used to develop and validate the system, and the results are shown for the test on nine engines that experienced fuel supply system failure. The developed fault diagnosis system detects the failure successfully for all nine cases. For the earliest detection cases, the alarms start to trigger 26 days before the system completely fails and 7 days in advance for the last detection.
Measurement of maximum tongue protrusion force (MTPF) in healthy young adults (2019)

We propose that tongue protrusive strength and tone may be related to upper airway patency, and when protrusive strength is reduced, individuals are at higher risk of developing sleep apnea, or speech/swallow disorders. The goal of the current study was to determine normative values of maximum tongue protrusion force (MTPF) in healthy young adults, using a unique newly developed device. We hypothesized that MTPF would be greater in males than in females. One hundred and one healthy young adults (mean age: 22.99 years; male: 23, female: 78) participated in this study. The subjects pushed their tongue forward against the device's piston (protrusion) as hard as possible for 2-5 sec and MTPF was recorded in Newtons (N). A minimum of 5 MTPF measurements were obtained with 1-2 min rest between measurements. The average MTPF for all subjects was 15.4 N (SD: ±3.8), with a range of 8-29. The male average MTPF was higher than female (17.8 N, SD: ±3.7 vs. 14.7 N, SD: ±3.5; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference for age between males and females; males had significantly greater height and weight. The results demonstrate our novel device can effectively measure tongue protrusive force in healthy young adults. This study provides normative values for MTPF, and identified significant tongue protrusion strength differences between males and females.
IT CCD Imaging Sensor With Variable Speed Electronic Shutter (1989)

The Hole-Accumulation Diode-Sensor (HAD-Sensor) structure, which allows to implement the variable speed electronic shutter in the Interline Transfer (IT) CCD imaging sensor, has been developed. Based on this technology, a 2/3 inch imaging sensor with 420,000 picture elements for consumer, industrial, and professional use was manufactured. The theoretical lower limit of variable shutter speed is about 1/1,000,000 sec. in the case of exposure within the vertical blanking interval (i.e. below 1/787 sec.). This HAD-Sensor achieves the following five major results, which are essential to yield the variable speed electronic shutter in an IT CCD: ( 1 ) complete draining of unwanted stored charges into n-type substrate, ( 2 ) negligibly small lag, ( 3 ) dark current reduced to 1/10 of the conventional level, ( 4 ) smear reduced to 1/5 of the conventional level, and ( 5 ) increased blue sensitivity.
A simple process to produce a high quality silicon surface prior to selective epitaxial growth (1995)

A simple and low-cost process was devised to eliminate etch damage resulting from oxide etching on the seed-hole surface prior to selective epitaxial growth (SEG) of silicon. The process consists of a low power C/sub 2/F/sub 6/ RIE step which was performed right after the oxide etch step in the same etch reactor. The use of this step excluded the need of a conventional sacrificial oxide to remove damaged silicon regions and residual polymers. The n-p diodes resulting from n-type SEG grown on p-type substrate were used to evaluate the quality of the silicon surface prior to SEG.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monolithically integrated laser/rear-facet monitor arrays with V-groove for passive optical fiber alignment (1993)

An InGaAsP/InP laser monolithically integrated with a rear facet monitor and a fiber V-groove has been demonstrated for the first time. The integrated device incorporates an etched-facet laser fabricated using an in situ, multistep, reactive ion etch process. The integrated V-groove, which is etched directly into the InP substrate, is designed to enable passive alignment of an optical fiber to the active region of the laser. Passive coupling efficiencies of 18% and 8% have been obtained using cleaved multimode and single mode fibers, respectively. Responsivities of the rear facet monitor were as high as 0.49 A/W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An improved algorithm for quantifying real-time impedance biosensor signals (2011)

In previously published work [1] we presented a real-time electrochemical impedance biosensor prototype system and a state-space estimation algorithm for signal quantification. Experiments in the interim have revealed some algorithm failure modes which reduced the reliability and repeatability of quantification. The present work describes a related algorithm that introduces constraints based on a priori knowledge of the expected signals predicted by the biosensor signal model. The improvements in reliability and repeatability bring the system close to deployment for real-world trials.
Functional imaging of the nonhuman primate Placenta with endogenous blood oxygen level–dependent contrast (2015)

Maternal spiral arteries show strong spatial correlation with foci of extended T2* observed in the primate placenta. A simple model of oxygen transport accurately describes the spatial dependence of R2* within placental lobules and enables assessment of placental function and oxygenation without requiring administration of an exogenous contrast reagent. Magn Reson Med 76:1551-1562, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Photochemical effects of chloroaluminum-sulfonated phthalocyanine in arteries with intimal hyperplasia (1992)

The present study uses photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of IH in the rat carotid artery model. PDT is a relatively new cancer treatment technique which utilizes light-activated photosensitizers (PS) to produce injury to targeted cells. PS have no cytotoxic effects unless they are activated by the appropriate wavelength of light. Upon absorption of a photon, the activated PS can either by directly cytotoxic or give rise to cytotoxic oxygen species, commonly singlet oxygen, via energy transfer to the ground state molecular oxygen. Singlet oxygen then becomes the mediator of cellular injury by affecting cellular membranes and subcellular organelles.
Porous Polymeric Composite Separators for Redox Flow Batteries (2015)

Currently, the most commonly used membranes in redox flow batteries (RFB) are ion-exchange membranes. In particular, in all vanadium flow battery systems (VRB), perfluorinated polymers such as Nafion® are widely used, owing to their high proton conductivity and chemical stability; however, the extremely high cost of currently available membranes has limited the commercialization of VRB technology. Recently, low-cost porous polymeric composite separators (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]/silica), as an alternative to traditional ion-exchange membranes, have attracted a great deal of interest because of their significantly lower cost. Porous separators prepared from various polymer materials and inorganic fillers have demonstrated comparable electrochemical performances to that of Nafion® in flow battery tests with different redox chemistries. This paper provides a review of porous separators for flow battery applications. In addition to discussions of separator material selection and preparation methods, we also emphasize the electrochemical performance of various flow battery systems, especially the capacity fade mechanism that is closely related to ion-transport across porous separator.
Tumour and host cell PD-L1 is required to mediate suppression of anti-tumour immunity in mice (2017)

Expression of PD-L1, the ligand for T-cell inhibitory receptor PD-1, is one key immunosuppressive mechanism by which cancer avoids eradication by the immune system. Therapeutic use of blocking antibodies to PD-L1 or its receptor PD-1 has produced unparalleled, durable clinical responses, with highest likelihood of response seen in patients whose tumour or immune cells express PD-L1 before therapy. The significance of PD-L1 expression in each cell type has emerged as a central and controversial unknown in the clinical development of immunotherapeutics. Using genetic deletion in preclinical mouse models, here we show that PD-L1 from disparate cellular sources, including tumour cells, myeloid or other immune cells can similarly modulate the degree of cytotoxic T-cell function and activity in the tumour microenvironment. PD-L1 expression in both the host and tumour compartment contribute to immune suppression in a non-redundant fashion, suggesting that both sources could be predictive of sensitivity to therapeutic agents targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis.
Alumina-Supported SAPO-34 Membranes for CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> Separation (2008)

SAPO-34 membranes were prepared by in situ crystallization on alpha-Al2O3 porous supports. The crystal size of the seeds was effectively controlled in the 0.7 to 8.5 micron range by employing different structure-directing agents. Seeds smaller than 1 micron produced membranes with CO2/CH4 separation selectivities higher than 170 and unprecedented CO2 permeances as high as 2.0 x 10(-6) mol/m2.s.Pa at 295 K and a feed pressure of 224 kPa. The membranes effectively separated CO2/CH4 mixtures up to 1.7 MPa.
Fully Asymmetric Remote Collaboration System (2019)

In this paper, we investigate the requirements for fully asymmetric remote collaboration and present a prototype system. Unlike previously studied asymmetric remote collaboration systems, fully asymmetric remote collaboration handles the cases, where a user of one side is a complete novice having difficulty in explaining his/her problems and unfamiliar with a collaboration system, and thus the remote expert of the other side must locate the local user's problem and teach the local user by having full control of the remote collaboration system. These cases can frequently occur when we collaborate with elderly people. For a fully asymmetric remote collaboration system, there are some requirements which are a little bit different from those of an asymmetric one. We itemize them in the three phases of collaboration: identifying a problem, finding a solution, and showing the solution to a local user. We also design and implement a prototype of a fully asymmetric collaboration system to meet the requirements. Our system consists of a robot with cameras and a projector for a local user and an HMD (head mounted display) with a controller for a remote expert. We also design an efficient HMD-based interaction method for fully asymmetric remote collaboration with our system. We show the efficiency of our prototype system in a fully asymmetric remote collaboration situation by user evaluation.