gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Gradient‐Layer Calorimeter: Development of an Accurate and Practical Instrument for Clinical Studies (1984)

A whole body gradient-layer calorimeter was designed for thermophysiologic studies in hospitalized patients. The instrument was assembled in a room adjoining a metabolic ward. The patient lies recumbent on a stretcher which is wheeled into the calorimeter on tracks. Once inside, the patient's head extends through one wall into a clear plastic canopy. The canopy is partially open on one side and is the entry point for fresh air into this open-circuit system. Heat flux transducers in the calorimeter walls, a thermopile in the exit air stream, and a platemeter in conjunction with wet and dry bulb thermometers allow measurement of total, wet, and dry heat losses from the subject. All calorimeter output signals are routed to a microcomputer system which processes the data and provides real-time output of results. A mannequin heat source is used to calibrate the gradient layer. Testing with a variety of wet/dry heat sources indicate total, wet, and dry heat measurements are accurate to within 2-3%. A typical study of resting energy expenditure requires 1 hr, and protocols of up to 6 hr are well tolerated. The calorimeter has proven to be reliable, accurate, and easy to operate. These qualities, combined with good patient tolerance, make it ideal for metabolic studies.
Bone Metabolic Markers in the Evaluation of Bone Scan Flare Phenomenon in Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer (1999)

Bone scan flare seriously complicates evaluations of the therapeutic response of bone metastases. The value of bone metabolic markers in monitoring the therapeutic response for bone metastases in breast cancer was assessed. Twenty-three breast cancer patients with bone metastases treated by combined chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) were monitored using bone scans; a bone resorption marker, pyridinoline cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP); a bone formation marker, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAI-p); and a tumor-specific marker (CA15-3). Bone scans were performed before and 3 or 4 months after therapy. After CAF therapy, markers were measured monthly. As a control, the markers of nine patients without bone metastases who received adjuvant CAF therapy were also measured monthly. The therapeutic effect on bone metastases was assessed after the study. Five patients had progression of disease (PD), three had no change (NC), and 15 patients had partial responses (PR). Bone scan flare-up was seen in five PR patients. In patients who received adjuvant therapy, ICTP, BAI-p, and CA15-3 did not change. ICTP increased significantly in PD patients. ICTP did not increase in either NC or PR, including bone scan flare patients. BAI-p and CA15-3 did not show any discernible pattern among PD, PR, flare, and NC patients. Thus measuring ICTP could distinguish PD from NC or PR patients' responses to CAF therapy. This was true also for patients who showed bone scan flare-up. Measuring a bone resorption marker, ICTP, allows clinicians to monitor patients' responses to CAF therapy and may prevent prolonged ineffective therapy or unnecessary changes in therapy as a result of the flare phenomenon.
Common-depth method for determining and displaying the shear-velocity reflectivities of a geologic formation (1986)

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<title>Optoelectronic feedback-sustained pulsation of laser diodes at 1300 nm and 780 nm</title> (1997)

In this paper, experimental results are reported on optoelectronic feedback sustained pulsation in multi-quantum well InGaAsP laser diodes at 1300 nm and AlGaAs injection laser diodes at 780 nm. The feedback intensity plays an important role in feedback sustained pulsation in these two different kinds of laser diodes. When the feedback exceeds a certain level, the frequency of feedback sustained pulsation exhibits continuous, but staircase-like, dependence on the drive current with two characteristic slopes. The values of these slopes depend on the feedback level. Further, at appropriate feedback levels, there exists a bistability between the oscillation frequency and the drive current. The amplitude of feedback sustained pulsation can be modulated for subcarrier multiplexing applications. By further increasing the feedback level, period doubling phenomena was also observed in this dynamical system.
Energy-Efficient Approximate Multiplication for Digital Signal Processing and Classification Applications (2014)

The need to support various digital signal processing (DSP) and classification applications on energy-constrained devices has steadily grown. Such applications often extensively perform matrix multiplications using fixed-point arithmetic while exhibiting tolerance for some computational errors. Hence, improving the energy efficiency of multiplications is critical. In this brief, we propose multiplier architectures that can tradeoff computational accuracy with energy consumption at design time. Compared with a precise multiplier, the proposed multiplier can consume 58% less energy/op with average computational error of $\sim 1$ %. Finally, we demonstrate that such a small computational error does not notably impact the quality of DSP and the accuracy of classification applications.
Selective Emitter for Industrial Solar Cell Production: A Wet Chemical Approach Using a Single Side Diffusion Process (2008)

This work describes the implementation of a novel process for a single diffusion selective emitter fabrication on mono- and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. To create a selective emitter structure a wet chemical route for an emitter etch back process has been applied. The areas of the wafer that are intended for front side metallization are shielded from etching by an acid resistant etch barrier. The emitter etch back and the removing of the etch barrier are implemented by a wet chemical process. By means of successfully transferring the described selective emitter structure on a standard screen printed cell process an increase of efficiency of more than 0.3 %abs. has been achieved.
High-resolution and high-coercivity FePtL1 magnetic force microscopy nanoprobes to study next-generation magnetic recording media (2009)

A cylindrical probe with almost perfectly flat plateaulike surface was focused ion beam (FIB) milled from an atomic force microscopy probe in order to create the required surface conditions for thin film deposition with finely controlled deposition/growth parameters. A composition of Pd(5 nm)/MgO(8 nm)/FePt(10 nm)/MgO(8 nm) was sputter deposited on the plateau probe, followed by deposition of a Pd (5 nm) protective layer. The plateau probe was then FIB-milled to produce a tip with a curvature radius of ∼25 nm. After annealing the probe at 650 °C for ∼15 min to generate an ultrahigh anisotropy L10 phase, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging was performed with the probe on magnetic tracks with linear densities ranging from 200 to 1200 KFCI. The results show sub-20-nm lateral resolution in ambient conditions and magnetic tracks, which are otherwise invisible to standard MFM probes, are clearly evident with the FIB-fabricated FePt probe. With relatively high spatial resolution and coercivity values higher than 1 T, among other applications, this type of probe may be ideal for high-quality MFM study of next-generation recording media.
Effect of high pressure on crystallization of LI 2 O-AL 2 O 3 -SIO 2 glass (2003)

We have investigated the effect of high-pressure on the crystallization of an Li<sub>2</sub>O-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> glass. The glass was heated for nucleation, followed by heating for crystal growth. Hydrostatic pressure of argon gas of 196 MPa was applied in either the nucleation process or the crystal growth process, and in both the processes. β-quartz solid solution was precipitated in all glass-ceramic specimens. The crystallinity of the glass-ceramics increased by applying high-pressure during the nucleation or the crystal growth process. Lattice constants of the precipitated crystal were decreased by applying high-pressure. Magnitudes of the increase of crystallinity and the decrease of lattice constants by applying pressure in the crystal growth process were larger than these in the nucleation process. Density of glass-ceramic specimens increased by applying pressure in any heat treatment. It was suggested that the increase in density is due to increase of crystallinity, decrease of lattice constant and possibly densification of glass part. The refractive index increased with increasing density. The temperature coefficient of the optical path length, dS/dT, decreased by applying pressure.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Considerations for the Development of a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas System (2011)

Sensors have sufficient accuracy for closed-loop control, however, algorithms are necessary to effectively calibrate and detect erroneous calibrations and failing sensors. Clinical closed-loop data suggest that control with a higher target of 140 mg/dl during the nocturnal period could significantly reduce the risk for hypoglycemia.
A New Approach to Shadow Mask Color Tube Construction (1976)

An objective was set at the very beginning of this project to develop a shadow mask color picture tube which would be less costly to produce. The tube could have no sacrifice in performance when compared to a present day shadow mask color tube. There were three main avenues pursued to attain this objective. One was to reduce the number of parts to produce the tube. The second was to reduce the cost of those parts, and the third was to reduce the cost of assembling and processing those parts into a finished product. The result was a system which has a totally new glass for the envelope of the tube, and a new shadow mask to integrate with that glass. The funnel, panel, and shadow mask were designed to fit a concept which would make them conducive to high speed and automatic assembly and process.
Development of ceramic laser host materials. (2011)

Ceramic laser materials have come a long way since the first demonstration of lasing in 1964. Improvements in powder synthesis and ceramic sintering as well as novel ideas have led to notable achievements. These include the first Nd:YAG ceramic laser in 1995, breaking the 1 KW mark in 2002 and then the remarkable demonstration of more than 100 KW output power from a YAG ceramic laser system in 2009. Additional developments have included highly doped microchip lasers, ultrashort pulse lasers, novel materials such as sesquioxides, fluoride ceramic lasers, selenide ceramic lasers in the 2 to 3 μm region, composite ceramic lasers for better thermal management, and single crystal lasers derived from polycrystalline ceramics. This paper highlights some of these notable achievements.
TSG-6 Regulates Bone Remodeling through Inhibition of Osteoblastogenesis and Osteoclast Activation (2008)

TSG-6 is an inflammation-induced protein that is produced at pathological sites, including arthritic joints. In animal models of arthritis, TSG-6 protects against joint damage; this has been attributed to its inhibitory effects on neutrophil migration and plasmin activity. Here we investigated whether TSG-6 can directly influence bone erosion. Our data reveal that TSG-6 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation/activation from human and murine precursor cells, where elevated dentine erosion by osteoclasts derived from TSG-6(-/-) mice is consistent with the very severe arthritis seen in these animals. However, the long bones from unchallenged TSG-6(-/-) mice were found to have higher trabecular mass than controls, suggesting that in the absence of inflammation TSG-6 has a role in bone homeostasis; we have detected expression of the TSG-6 protein in the bone marrow of unchallenged wild type mice. Furthermore, we have observed that TSG-6 can inhibit bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-mediated osteoblast differentiation. Interaction analysis revealed that TSG-6 binds directly to RANKL and to BMP-2 (as well as other osteogenic BMPs but not BMP-3) via composite surfaces involving its Link and CUB modules. Consistent with this, the full-length protein is required for maximal inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast activation, although the isolated Link module retains significant activity in the latter case. We hypothesize that TSG-6 has dual roles in bone remodeling; one protective, where it inhibits RANKL-induced bone erosion in inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and the other homeostatic, where its interactions with BMP-2 and RANKL help to balance mineralization by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.
<i>N</i>-Benzylbenzamides: A Novel Merged Scaffold for Orally Available Dual Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Modulators (2015)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease cluster that consists of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. MetS patients are strongly exposed to polypharmacy; however, the number of pharmacological compounds required for MetS treatment can be reduced by the application of multitarget compounds. This study describes the design of dual-target ligands that target soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type γ (PPARγ). Simultaneous modulation of sEH and PPARγ can improve diabetic conditions and hypertension at once. N-Benzylbenzamide derivatives were determined to fit a merged sEH/PPARγ pharmacophore, and structure-activity relationship studies were performed on both targets, resulting in a submicromolar (sEH IC50 = 0.3 μM/PPARγ EC50 = 0.3 μM) modulator 14c. In vitro and in vivo evaluations revealed good ADME properties qualifying 14c as a pharmacological tool compound for long-term animal models of MetS.
Gaussian Networks for Direct Adaptive Control (1991)

A direct adaptive tracking control architecture is proposed and evaluated for a class of continuous-time nonlinear dynamic systems for which an explicit linear parameterization of the uncertainty in the dynamics is either unknown or impossible. The architecture employs a network of gausian radial basis functions to adaptively compensate for the plant nonlinearities. Under mild assumptions about the degree of smoothness exhibited by the nonlinear functions, the algorithm is proven to be stable, with tracking errors converging to a neighborhood of zero. A constructive procedure is detailed, which directly translates the assumed smoothness properties of the nonlinearities involved into a specification of the network required to represent the plant to a chosen degree of accuracy. A stable weight adjustment mechanism is then determined using Lyapunov theory. The network construction and performance of the resulting controller are illustrated through simulations with an example system.
Channel estimation for DS-CDMA with transmit diversity over frequency selective fading channels (2002)

RAKE receivers for DS-CDMA communications over fading channels require the knowledge of instantaneous complex channel phasors for each of the multipath diversity branches (or RAKE fingers). If transmit diversity is employed by using N transmit antennas in the basestation, N such fading channels need to be estimated in the mobile receiver. A channel estimation algorithm which estimates two fading channels in the case of dual TX diversity is presented, making use of known pilot symbols. The proposed scheme performs remarkably well in Rayleigh fading multipath environments with little additional complexity if compared to a scheme where only one channel needs to be estimated (i.e. no TX or RX diversity). The performance of the algorithm is assessed by means of computer simulations.
Low Variability Resistor–Memristor Circuit Masking the Actual Memristor States (2015)

A memristor device is demonstrated that produces uniform and controllable resistance switching by placing fixed resistors in series and in parallel with a memristor. The experiments utilize a Pt/Ta2O5/Ta crosspoint device that yielded a coefficient of variation, or relative standard deviation, less than 0.005 for both low resistance (R ON) and high resistance (R OFF) states. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Isolation and Characterization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses Associated with the 2013 Disease Outbreak among Swine in the United States (2013)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was detected in May 2013 for the first time in U.S. swine and has since caused significant economic loss. Obtaining a U.S. PEDV isolate that can grow efficiently in cell culture is critical for investigating pathogenesis and developing diagnostic assays and for vaccine development. An additional objective was to determine which gene(s) of PEDV is most suitable for studying the genetic relatedness of the virus. Here we describe two PEDV isolates (ISU13-19338E and ISU13-22038) successfully obtained from the small intestines of piglets from sow farms in Indiana and Iowa, respectively. The two isolates have been serially propagated in cell culture for over 30 passages and were characterized for the first 10 passages. Virus production in cell culture was confirmed by PEDV-specific real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence assays, and electron microscopy. The infectious titers of the viruses during the first 10 passages ranged from 6 × 10(2) to 2 × 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50)/ml. In addition, the full-length genome sequences of six viruses (ISU13-19338E homogenate, P3, and P9; ISU13-22038 homogenate, P3, and P9) were determined. Genetically, the two PEDV isolates were relatively stable during the first 10 passages in cell culture. Sequences were also compared to those of 4 additional U.S. PEDV strains and 23 non-U.S. strains. All U.S. PEDV strains were genetically closely related to each other (≥99.7% nucleotide identity) and were most genetically similar to Chinese strains reported in 2011 to 2012. Phylogenetic analyses using different genes of PEDV suggested that the full-length spike gene or the S1 portion is appropriate for sequencing to study the genetic relatedness of these viruses.
Low-resistance and thermally stable ohmic contact on p-type GaN using Pd/Ni metallization (2001)

We report a low-resistance thermally stable ohmic contact on p-type GaN using a promising contact scheme of Pd/Ni. Specific contact resistance as low as 5.7×10−5 Ω cm2 was obtained from the Pd (30 Å)/Ni (70 Å) contact annealed at 500 °C under an oxidizing ambient. NiO that formed at the surface prevented Pd atoms from outdiffusing, promoting the formation of Pd gallides, Ga2Pd5 and Ga5Pd. This reaction produces Ga vacancies below the contact, leading to enhancement of the thermal stability as well as reduction of the contact resistivity.
X‐ray compatible radiofrequency coil for magnetic resonance imaging (2005)

The range of RF coils that can be used in combined X-ray/MR (XMR) systems is limited because many conventional coils contain highly X-ray attenuating materials that are visible in the X-ray images and potentially obscure patient anatomy. In this study, an X-ray compatible coil design that has minimal X-ray attenuation in the field of view (FOV) of the X-ray image is presented. In this design, aluminum is used for the loop conductor and discrete elements of the coil are eliminated from the X-ray FOV. A surface coil and an abdominal phased array coil were built using the X-ray compatible design. X-ray attenuation and MR imaging properties of the coils were evaluated and compared to conventional coils. The X-ray compatible phased array coil was used to image patients during two interventional procedures in the XMR system. The X-ray compatible coils allowed for fluoroscopic X-ray image acquisition, without degradation by the coil, while maintaining excellent MR imaging qualities.
Electret transducer with a selectively metalized backplate (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation David A. Berkley, Ilene J. Busch‐Vishniac, Robert L. Wallace, James E. West; Electret transducer with a selectively metalized backplate. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 July 1988; 84 (1): 467. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.396868 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Thermodynamic Destabilization of Ti-O Solid Solution by H<sub>2</sub> and Deoxygenation of Ti Using Mg (2016)

Reactive metals including Ti, Zr, Hf, and V, among others, have a strong chemical affinity to oxygen, which makes them difficult to produce and costly to use. It is especially challenging to produce pure or metal alloy powders of these elements when extremely low oxygen content is required, because they have high solubility for oxygen, and the solid solution of these metals with oxygen is often more stable thermodynamically than their oxides. We report a novel thermochemical approach to destabilize Ti(O) solid solutions using hydrogen, thus enabling deoxygenation of Ti powder using Mg, which has not been possible before because of the thermodynamic stability of Ti(O) solid solutions relative to MgO. The work on Ti serves as an example for other reactive metals. Both analytical modeling and experimental results show that hydrogen can indeed increase the oxygen potential of Ti-O solid solution alloys; in other words, the stability of Ti-O solid solutions is effectively decreased, thus increasing the thermodynamic driving force for Mg to react with oxygen in Ti. Because hydrogen can be easily removed from Ti by a simple heat treatment, it is used only as a temporary alloying element to destabilize the Ti-O systems. The thermodynamic approach described here is a breakthrough and is applicable to a range of different materials. This work is expected to provide an enabling solution to overcome one of the key scientific and technological hurdles to the additive manufacturing of metals, which is emerging rapidly as the future of the manufacturing industry.