gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Rear Local Contact Formation Using Al Paste Containing Si for Industrial PERC Solar Cell (2017)

We attempted to improve the performance of passivated emitter and rear cells by increasing the quality of the aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) beneath the local contact. We demonstrate that a thicker Al-BSF can be obtained by adding Si to the screen-printing Al paste, offering a greater penetration depth of several micrometers compared to the silicon-free Al paste, thereby increasing the open-circuit voltage. The presence of Si in the Al paste is believed to suppress the driving force for the strong lateral Si diffusion toward the Al layer during alloying, as evidenced by 50% decrease in the penetration depth of the Al-Si melt. The electron probe microanalyzer element analysis indicates that the Si-free Al paste produced the combination of hypo- and hypereutectic structures, while the use of the Al paste containing Si resulted in a hypoeutectic alloy, which has a strong presence of the primary α-Al dendrites. Different BSF thicknesses can be explained by that the liquid Al containing Si within the openings is saturated faster than the Si-free Al liquid under the same conditions. These findings allow a better understanding of the mass transport phenomena stimulated by the diffusion of Si and Al during the alloying process.
Electronic Properties of Pentacene versus Triisopropylsilylethynyl-Substituted Pentacene: Environment-Dependent Effects of the Silyl Substituent (2009)

Energy measures of the intra- and intermolecular electronic effects of triisopropylsilylethynyl substitution on pentacene have been obtained from the combination of closely related gas phase and solid phase ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements along with solution electrochemical measurements. The results show that the shift to lower ionization energy that is expected with this substitution and observed in the gas phase measurements becomes negligible in solution and is even reversed in the solid phase. The principles that emerge from this analysis are supported by electronic structure calculations at the density functional theory level. The relation between the gas phase and solid phase UPS measurements illustrated here provides a general approach to investigating the electronic effects acting on molecules in the condensed phase, which in this case are greater than the direct substituent electronic effects within the molecule. Electronic properties such as lower ionization energies built into the single-molecule building blocks of materials and devices may be reversed in the solid state.
Analysis of Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Related Compounds in Retina and Brain (2003)

The eicosanoids are oxygenated products of arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins (PCs) are synthesized by cyclooxygenase; hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and leukotrienes (LTs) are synthesized by lipoxygenase (for reviews, see Hammarstrom, 1983; Lands, 1979). Prostaglandins are variations of the 20-carbon fatty acid prostanoic acid, and their nomenclature is based on the oxygen-derived substitutions in the five-membered ring and the number of double bonds in the two side chains. The carboxylic acid function is present in the α side chain, and the terminal methyl group is present in the β side chain. Thromboxanes and prostacyclin have a slightly modified ring structure. Lipoxygenase reaction products can occur as various isomers, depending upon where addition of oxygen takes place. The immediate precursors of HETEs are hydroperoxy derivatives (HPETEs). Further metabolism of HPETEs by dehydration to epoxides and addition of glutathione results in the synthesis of leukotrienes. Eicosanoids can also be synthesized from other fatty acids, such as eicosatrienoic acid (20:3, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-6). Prostaglandins from arachidonic acid are the 2-series, e.g., PGE2. The l-series are products of 20:3 (n-6), and the 3-series are products of 20:5 (n-6).
Knowledge representation and reasoning in a software synthesis architecture (1992)

The knowledge representation and reasoning strategies in an automatic program synthesis architecture called ELF are described. ELF synthesizes computer-aided design (CAD) tools that automatically route wires in VLSI circuits. The design space ELF confronts, requires it to understand various physical technologies, to select an appropriate procedure-level decomposition, to choose algorithms and data structures, to manage any interdependencies, and to generate efficient code. ELF manages the design space using a variety of knowledge sources, including domain-specific knowledge. The manner in which knowledge is used determines the representation method of choice. The effectiveness of these ideas is illustrated via a tour through the synthesis steps for a specific routing tool, and a brief discussion of the performance of the resulting synthetic router as measured against an industrial tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-way time spreading and path loss in shallow water at 20-40 kHz (1997)

Two-way time spreading and path-loss measurements were collected in water 100 m deep, off the coast of Nova Scotia. Data were collected at frequencies of 20-22 kHz, 27-29 kHz, and 35-37 kHz using linear FM pulses 0.160 s in duration. The source-receiver was an anchored, high-frequency active sonar, and the target was a free-drifting echo repeater. Sonar and target positions were recorded using a portable tracking range. In the paper, two-way time spreading and path loss measurements are compared with modeled estimates obtained using an enhanced version of the generic sonar model (GSM). The GSM estimates of time spreading due to multipath propagation compare favorably with the experimental data. The model indicates that the path loss for individual eigenrays was extremely sensitive to fluctuations in the sound-speed profile. This led to substantial variation in the model output depending on the choice of profile. In place of the model, an empirical estimate of path loss was computed from the data. We obtained a two-way spreading loss of 2[18.4log/sub 10/(R)] where R is the range from sonar to target. The data were also used to compute the standard deviation of the received echo intensity at each frequency. The standard deviation was computed two different ways. First it was computed using the peak echo level from each of the pulses at a given frequency. Then, it was computed from the total energy received from each of the pings. At all frequencies, the standard deviation was 1-2 dB lower when computed from the total received energy.
Steerable loop snare for percutaneous retrieval of renal calix calculi (1984)

Steerable loop snare for percutaneous retrieval of renal calix calculiWH Bush, RE Crane and GE BrannenAudio Available | Share
The beet yellows closterovirus p65 homologue of HSP70 chaperones has ATPase activity associated with its conserved N-terminal domain but does not interact with unfolded protein chains. (1997)

The positive-strand RNA genome of beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) encodes a 65 kDa protein (p65) related to the HSP70 family of cell chaperones. The full-sized BYV p65, and N- and C-terminal fragments, with (His)6 tails, were overexpressed in bacteria and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. Using a polyclonal antiserum raised against the C-terminal fragment of p65, evidence was obtained for expression of the viral protein in planta. Purified recombinant p65 and its N-terminal 40 kDa fragment exhibited Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity in vitro. However, unlike its cellular HSP70 homologues, p65 was unable to bind to denatured protein and its ATPase activity was not stimulated by synthetic peptides which are known to stimulate HSP70 ATPases. Hence, the BYV p65, although being a chaperone-type ATPase, may have a distinct substrate specificity and function in BYV-infected cells.
Mobile and remote inertial sensing with atom interferometers (2013)

The past three decades have shown dramatic progress in the ability to manipulate and coherently control the motion of atoms. This exquisite control offers the prospect of a new generation of inertial sensors with unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy, which will be important for both fundamental and applied science. In this article, we review some of our recent results regarding the application of atom interferometry to inertial measurements using compact, mobile sensors. This includes some of the first interferometer measurements with cold $^{39}$K atoms, which is a major step toward achieving a transportable, dual-species interferometer with rubidium and potassium for equivalence principle tests. We also discuss future applications of this technology, such as remote sensing of geophysical effects, gravitational wave detection, and precise tests of the weak equivalence principle in Space.
Recent advances in neural transplantation. Relevance to neurodegenerative disorders. (1994)

Anatomical and behavioral characterizations of neural transplants, whether within (allograft) or across (xenograft) species, have provided evidence that the transplant survives, integrates with the host tissue, and may lead to functional recovery. Several animal models of neurodegenerative disorders demonstrate the feasibility of using neural transplantation as an alternative treatment for these human diseases. While more elaborate basic animal studies are needed, clinical trials have begun. Neural transplantation is currently used as an experimental treatment for Parkinson's disease and several investigators have suggested using the same treatment procedure for other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease.
Melanogenesis Stimulation in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells by Piper nigrum Leaf Extract and Its Lignan Constituents (2004)

A methanolic extract from the leaves of Piper nigrum L. showed a significant stimulatory effect on melanogenesis in cultured murine B16 melanoma cells. Activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two known lignans, (-)-cubebin (1) and (-)-3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (2), together with a new lignan, (-)-3-desmethoxycubebinin (3). Among these lignans, 1 and 2 showed a significant stimulatory activity of melanogenesis without any significant effects on cell proliferation.
Mahout in Action (2011)

SummaryMahout in Action is a hands-on introduction to machine learning with Apache Mahout. Following real-world examples, the book presents practical use cases and then illustrates how Mahout can be applied to solve them. Includes a free audio- and video-enhanced ebook. About the TechnologyA computer system that learns and adapts as it collects data can be really powerful. Mahout, Apache's open source machine learning project, captures the core algorithms of recommendation systems, classification, and clustering in ready-to-use, scalable libraries. With Mahout, you can immediately apply to your own projects the machine learning techniques that drive Amazon, Netflix, and others. About this BookThis book covers machine learning using Apache Mahout. Based on experience with real-world applications, it introduces practical use cases and illustrates how Mahout can be applied to solve them. It places particular focus on issues of scalability and how to apply these techniques against large data sets using the Apache Hadoop framework.This book is written for developers familiar with Java - no prior experience with Mahout is assumed. What's InsideUse group data to make individual recommendations Find logical clusters within your data Filter and refine with on-the-fly classification Free audio and video extrasTable of ContentsMeet Apache Mahout PART 1 RECOMMENDATIONS Introducing recommenders Representing recommender data Making recommendations Taking recommenders to production Distributing recommendation computations PART 2 CLUSTERING Introduction to clustering Representing data Clustering algorithms in Mahout Evaluating and improving clustering quality Taking clustering to production Real-world applications of clustering PART 3 CLASSIFICATION Introduction to classification Training a classifier Evaluating and tuning a classifier Deploying a classifier Case study: Shop It To Me
Emitter detection and tracking algorithm for a wide band multichannel direction-finding system in the HF-band (2003)

This article describes an emitter detection and tracking algorithm which can be used to process the wide band multichannel data from a direction-finding (DF) system. The result is a list of active emitters including their basic characteristic parameters, e.g. frequency, bandwidth, azimuth and elevation. The different processing steps are given in more detail and illustrated with real data.
Maximum intelligibility-based close-loop speech synthesis framework for noisy environments (2013)

This paper proposes a maximum intelligibility (MI)-based close-loop speech synthesis framework to actively compensate for the distortion of background noises. In this framework, an extra environmental noise-sensing microphone and an automatic speech recognition (ASR) module are utilized to approximate a subjective intelligibility measure. The hidden Markov model-based speech synthesis system (HTS) is then online adjusted by using the MI-based model adaptation algorithm. Experimental results of two subjective listening tests in noisy environments show that the proposed approach obtains 64% of the votes in an A/B preference test and helps the participants reduce word dictation errors by relative 26% when compared to an HTS baseline.
Calibration-free network localization using non-line-of-sight ultra-wideband measurements (2017)

We present a method for calibration-free, infrastructure-free localization in sensor networks. Our strategy is to estimate node positions and noise distributions of all links in the network simultaneously - a strategy that has not been attempted thus far. In particular, we account for biased, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) range measurements from ultra-wideband (UWB) devices that lead to multi-modal noise distributions, for which few solutions exist to date. Our approach circumvents cumbersome a-priori calibration, allows for rapid deployment in unknown environments, and facilitates adaptation to changing conditions. Our first contribution is a generalization of the classical multidimensional scaling algorithm to account for measurements that have multi-modal error distributions. Our second contribution is an online approach that iterates between node localization and noise parameter estimation. We validate our method in 3-dimensional networks, (i) through simulation to test the sensitivity of the algorithm on its design parameters, and (ii) through physical experimentation in a NLOS environment. Our setup uses UWB devices that provide time-of-flight measurements, which can lead to positively biased distance measurements in NLOS conditions. We show that our algorithm converges to accurate position estimates, even when initial position estimates are very uncertain, initial error models are unknown, and a significant proportion of the network links are in NLOS.
A New Support Vector Machines Active Learning Approach and its Application in Text Classification (2003)

There are two well-known characteristics about text classification. One is that the dimension of the sample space is very high, while the number of examples available usually is very small. The other is that the example vectors are sparse. Meanwhile, we find existing support vector machines active learning approaches are subject to the influence of outliers. Based on these observations, this paper presents a new hybrid active learning approach. In this approach, to select the unlabelled example(s) to query, the learner takes into account both sparseness and high-dimension characteristics of examples as well as its uncertainty about the examples' categorization. This way, the active learner needs less labeled examples, but still can get a good generalization performance more quickly than competing methods. Our empirical results indicate that this new approach is effective.
An ESC position paper on cardio-oncology (2016)

Jose Zamorano discusses the need for and what cardiology can expect in the ESC position paper  

One of the changes that we have recently seen in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Core Curriculum, is the presence of a chapter entitled Cardio Oncology. Such topic has also been considered for an ESC Committee of Practice Guidelines position paper. We may wonder about the need for such a new topic. There is no doubt however that malignancy is a worldwide health and social problem. Advances in treatment have led to improved survival of cancer patients, but morbidity and mortality has also increased due to the side effects of treatment. This means that as survival rates in cancer patients improve, there is an increased interest in preventing or treating potential complications related to cancer therapies.

If we look to the major potential side effects of anticancer drugs, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most frequent complications that may lead to abandoning of the treatment. We need to differentiate cardiotoxicity (direct effects of the cancer treatment) to the new appearance of CVD due to accelerated development of CVD in …
Pomalidomide Inhibits PD-L1 Induction to Promote Antitumor Immunity (2018)

: Thalidomide-like drugs have been approved for the treatment of human multiple myeloma, with their direct antitumor effects and immunomodulatory functions well documented. However, the exact molecular mechanisms that govern these effects remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that pomalidomide promotes immune response by inhibiting expression of PD-L1. Pomalidomide inhibited PD-L1 expression on tumor cells to promote CTL activity <i>in vitro</i> and suppressed PD-L1 upregulation on antigen-presenting cells to prevent peptide-induced T-cell tolerance. Knockout of PD-L1 on tumor cells or in mice completely eliminated the immunomodulatory effect of pomalidomide. Furthermore, pomalidomide synergized with other immunotherapies to improve anticancer therapy. Taken together, this study identifies a new mechanism for the immunomodulatory functions of pomalidomide in cancer therapy. These results also offer a clinical approach for blocking PD-L1 induction and potentially promoting antitumor immunity. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings report that the immunomodulatory drug pomalidomide, widely used to treat myeloma and other cancers, enhances antitumor immunity by inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 expression.
An Objective Approach to Dry Eye Disease Severity (2010)

Tear film osmolarity was found to be the single best marker of disease severity across normal, mild/moderate, and severe categories. Other tests were found to be informative in the more severe forms of disease; thus, clinical judgment remains an important element in the clinical assessment of dry eye severity. The results also indicate that the initiation and progression of dry eye is multifactorial and supports the rationale for redefining severity on the basis of a continuum of clinical signs. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00848198.).
Urea Cycle Disorders Overview (2015)

The goals of this overview on urea cycle disorders are the following: Goal 1 To define the urea cycle and to describe the clinical characteristics of urea cycle disorders Goal 2 To review the causes of urea cycle disorders and their prevalence Goal 3 To provide an evaluation strategy to identify the specific type and genetic cause of a urea cycle defect in a proband Goal 4 To review the differential diagnosis of urea cycle disorders Goal 5 To inform genetic risk assessment in family members of the proband Goal 6 To provide a brief summary of the acute management of a urea cycle disorder
Simplified AMVP for High Efficiency Video Coding (2012)

In High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) is adopted to predict current motion vector by utilizing a competition-based scheme from a given candidate set, which include both the spatial and temporal motion vectors. In order to enhance the practicability of the AMVP, a simplified AMVP is proposed. Firstly, by analyzing the importance of the spatial and temporal candidates, we reduce the number of the candidates involved in the competition set and simplify the redundancy checking process, which will decrease the complexity of the decoder as well as improve the robustness of the decoder. Secondly, we simplify the zero motion adding process which will occur only when the number of existing candidates is less than the predefined number. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides no loss in random access and low delay conditions. These two simplifications have been proposed and adopted into the HEVC standard.
Imaging dipping sediments at a salt dome flank ‐ VSP seismic interferometry and reverse‐time migration (2006)

We present results of applying seismic interferometry to image dipping sediments abutting a salt dome. We create a set of synthetic traces representing a multi‐level, walk away Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) for a model composed of a simplified Gulf of Mexico vertical‐velocity gradient and an embedded overhanging salt dome. The sediment reflectors in the model dip up towards the salt dome flank. To process these data, we create a set of redatummed traces using seismic interferometry. This is done without having to perform any velocity analysis or moveout corrections. Each of these redatummed traces mimics the output of a down‐hole source and down‐hole receiver pair. The linear v(z) gradient enables the redattumed data set to illuminate and capture reflections from both the salt‐dome flank and the upward turning sediments. We then apply pre‐stack depth migration to these traces to produce the final image of the beds and the salt dome flank. The final migrated results demonstrate that the reflected turning ray energy from both the salt flank and sediments are adequate to create structurally correct images using the combination of seismic interferometry and prestack depth migration.
Highly Efficient Genome Editing of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 (2016)

Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. Complete gene ablation in HSCs required the generation of knockout mice from which HSCs could be isolated, and gene ablation in primary human HSCs was not possible. Viral transduction could be used for knock-down approaches, but these suffered from variable efficacy. In general, genetic manipulation of human and mouse hematopoietic cells was hampered by low efficiencies and extensive time and cost commitments. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 has dramatically expanded the ability to engineer the DNA of mammalian cells. However, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to hematopoietic cells has been challenging, mainly due to their low transfection efficiencies, the toxicity of plasmid-based approaches and the slow turnaround time of virus-based protocols. A rapid method to perform CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in murine and human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with knockout efficiencies of up to 90% is provided in this article. This approach utilizes a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery strategy with a streamlined three-day workflow. The use of Cas9-sgRNA RNP allows for a hit-and-run approach, introducing no exogenous DNA sequences in the genome of edited cells and reducing off-target effects. The RNP-based method is fast and straightforward: it does not require cloning of sgRNAs, virus preparation or specific sgRNA chemical modification. With this protocol, scientists should be able to successfully generate knockouts of a gene of interest in primary hematopoietic cells within a week, including downtimes for oligonucleotide synthesis. This approach will allow a much broader group of users to adapt this protocol for their needs.