gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotube surface science (2008)

This paper presents a surface science perspective on sidewall functionalisation of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are varyingly described by physicists as extended solids or by organic chemists as molecules. As prototypical nanostructures, they are indeed a little bit of both. Their chemistry and resulting potential applications can only truly be appreciated by combining both perspectives. The emphasis of this review is on the interdependence of topography and electronic structure on one side and chemistry and reactivity of carbon nanotube sidewalls on the other side. A brief introduction to the structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes and related materials (graphite, multi-wall carbon nanotubes and fullerenes) is followed by a review of possible deviations from perfect order in nanotube sidewalls, such as defects, functional groups or non-covalent interactions with nearby entities. We then proceed to review the implications of these deviations on the sidewall local electronic structure and chemical reactivity. Site-dependent functionalisation and induced reactivity on carbon nanotube sidewalls have been proposed theoretically and we have found some initial experimental evidence that this is indeed the case. However, this is a young field and many theoretical and experimental challenges still lie ahead. Understanding site-selectivity of carbon nanotube sidewall functionalisation will allow us to tailor their properties and utilise them as components of more complex nanostructures in the future.
Prevalence of <i>Porphyromonas</i> and <i>Prevotella</i> species in the dental plaque of dogs (1997)

The prevalence and populations of Porphyromonas and Prevotella species were determined in three samples of dental plaque from each of 34 healthy dogs. Porphyromonas gingivalis was present in 68 per cent of the dogs and 47 per cent of the plaque samples. The counts of P gingivalis increased with age (P < 0.1), the amount of plaque (P < 0.05) and the degree of gingivitis (P < 0.1). Prevotella intermedia was present in 44 per cent of the dogs and 23 per cent of the plaque samples. The counts of P intermedia were correlated with the amount of plaque (P < 0.05) and the degree of gingivitis (P < 0.1). Porphyromonas canoris, P salivosa, P cangingivalis, P cansulci, P crevioricanis and Prevotella denticola were isolated from only 9, 6, 3, 3, 3 and 3 per cent of the dogs, respectively. Porphyromonas gingivicanis was not isolated from any of the animals sampled. There was a highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation between the amount of plaque, the extent of gingivitis and the age of the dog.
A facile method for flexible GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (2012)

Abstract Flexible GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates are demonstrated. The process uses commercial LEDs on patterned sapphire substrates, laser lift‐off (LLO), wet etching for additional surface roughening, and mounting of the freestanding LED on a PET substrate. Electrical and optical properties from the free‐standing LLO‐LEDs mounted on the flexible PET substrates were characterized. The process is scalable to large wafer diameters. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
LOCAL AUTOMORPHISMS OF OPERATOR ALGEBRAS (2007)

A not necessarily continuous, linear or multiplicative function $\theta$ from an algebra $\cal A$ into itself is called a local automorphism if $\theta$ agrees with an automorphism of $\cal A$ at each point in $\cal A$. In this paper, we study the question when a local automorphism of a $C$*-algebra, or a W*-algebra, is an automorphism.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Nordic Fluorouracil and Folinic Acid Bolus Schedule Combined With Oxaliplatin As First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2003)

Oxaliplatin combined with the bolus Nordic schedule of FU+FA (Nordic FLOX) is a well-tolerated, effective, and feasible bolus schedule as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer that yields comparable results compared with more complex schedules.
Current thinking in statin therapy (2001)

The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are now considered the most potent lipid-lowering drugs. Treatment with statins reduces both morbidity and mortality rates due to coronary artery disease. There is now increasing evidence that the clinical benefits obtained with statins cannot be solely attributed to a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. These drugs may also have beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction, LDL oxidation, rheological and thrombogenic factors, cellular inflammation and plaque formation and stability. Further, there are differences among the various statins on these non-lipid variables. The biochemical effects of statins, as well as their clinical benefits, should be taken into consideration.
Characterization of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Reveals the Molecular Basis for Substrate Specificity and a Critical Role for the Tyrosine 433-Containing Loop in Catalysis<sup>,</sup> (2007)

Helicobacter pylori gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (HpGT) is a member of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily. It is translated as an inactive 60 kDa polypeptide precursor that undergoes intramolecular autocatalytic cleavage to generate a fully active heterodimer composed of a 40 kDa and a 20 kDa subunit. The resultant N-terminus, Thr 380, has been shown to be the catalytic nucleophile in both autoprocessing and enzymatic reactions. Once processed, HpGT catalyzes the hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl bond in glutathione and its conjugates. To facilitate the determination of physiologically relevant substrates for the enzyme, crystal structures of HpGT in complex with glutamate (1.6 A, Rfactor = 16.7%, Rfree = 19.0%) and an inactive HpGT mutant, T380A, in complex with S-(nitrobenzyl)glutathione (1.55 A, Rfactor = 18.7%, Rfree = 21.8%) have been determined. Residues that comprise the gamma-glutamyl binding site are primarily located in the 20 kDa subunit and make numerous hydrogen bonds with the alpha-amino and alpha-carboxylate groups of the substrate. In contrast, a single hydrogen bond occurs between the T380A mutant and the remainder of the ligand. Lack of specific coordination beyond the gamma-glutamyl moiety may account for the substrate binding permissiveness of the enzyme. Structural analysis was combined with site-directed mutagenesis of residues involved in maintaining the conformation of a loop region that covers the gamma-glutamyl binding site. Results provide evidence that access to this buried site may occur through conformational changes in the Tyr 433-containing loop, as disruption of the intricate hydrogen-bond network responsible for optimal placement of Tyr 433 significantly diminishes catalytic activity.
Annotating Columns with Pre-trained Language Models (2022)

Inferring meta information about tables, such as column headers or relationships between columns, is an active research topic in data management as we find many tables are missing some of this information. In this paper, we study the problem of annotating table columns (i.e., predicting column types and the relationships between columns) using only information from the table itself. We develop a multi-task learning framework (called Doduo) based on pre-trained language models, which takes the entire table as input and predicts column types/relations using a single model. Experimental results show that Doduo establishes new state-of-the-art performance on two benchmarks for the column type prediction and column relation prediction tasks with up to 4.0% and 11.9% improvements, respectively. We report that Doduo can already outperform the previous state-of-the-art performance with a minimal number of tokens, only 8 tokens per column. We release a toolbox (https://github.com/megagonlabs/doduo) and confirm the effectiveness of Doduo on a real-world data science problem through a case study.
First case of Listeria innocua meningitis in a patient on steroids and eternecept (2014)

Introduction: Listeria innocua is widespread in food and the environment and is considered to be a non‐pathogenic bacterium in healthy subjects. To date, this species has only been associated with human diseases in a fatal case of bacteraemia in an elderly patient. Here, we describe a case of acute meningitis infection caused by this bacterium. Case presentation: Our patient had an increased risk of infection because of treatment with etanercept and a corticosteroid given for rheumatoid arthritis. Etanercept use has been described previously as the possible cause of multiple Listeria monocytogenes infections (to date, four cases have been described, of which two were cases of arthritis and two of meningitis), but etanercept has never been associated with L. innocua meningitis. In our case, despite rapid identification of the pathogen and proper antibiotic treatment, the patient had an unfavourable outcome. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this report constitutes the first documentation of a case of meningitis due to L. innocua, and our experience serves as a warning to microbiologists and clinicians that L. monocytogenes is not the only Listeria sp. that can cause human meningitis.
Mapping of a quantitative trait locus for blood pressure on rat chromosome 2. (1994)

A genetic map for rat chromosome 2 that includes five candidate genes for blood pressure regulation was constructed in a region containing a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for blood pressure. Two F2 populations of male rats raised on high salt (8% NaCI) diet from weaning were studied: F2(WKY x S), derived from a cross of Dahl salt-sensitive rats (S) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY); and F2(MNS x S), derived from a cross of S rats and Milan normotensive strain (MNS). In both populations a blood pressure QTL was localized between Na+,K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 isoform and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-delta loci. The LOD score for existence of this blood pressure QTL based on the combined populations (n = 330) was 5.66 and accounted for 9.2% of the total variance and 26% of the genetic variance.
Chemical Stability and Its Improvement of Palladium-Based Metallic Membranes (2004)

The chemical instability of palladium-based metal membranes is the major hurdle for their commercial applications in gas separation and membrane reactor processes. When the metal membranes are exposed to a gas stream consisting of sulfur- or carbon-containing gases or even just steam, a drop in permeability or selectivity may occur depending on the composition of the metal membrane, and the extent of the decrease depends on the temperature and partial pressure. This paper provides a comprehensive review and in-depth analysis of the poisoning effects and mechanisms of sulfur- or carbon-containing compounds and H2O on Pd-based metal membranes. The paper also summarizes several methods reported in the literature for improving the chemical stability of Pd-based metal membranes with an analysis on the underlining principles for chemical stability improvement. These methods include alloying Pd with other metals (such as Cu, Ni, Fe, Pt, and Ag) preferably in the body-centered-cubic crystal structure, preparing nanostructured or amorphous Pd alloy thin membranes, and modifying the surface of a Pd-based membrane by a metal. These methods have improved the chemical stability of the Pd-based membranes to some extent, and more studies in this direction are still needed in order to develop chemically stable metal membranes for various industrial applications.
Metallocene-catalyzed ethene polymerization : long-chain branched polyethene (2002)

Long-chain branches and narrow molecular weight distribution is a novel structure combination in polyethene, which has only been possible to achieve with single-center catalysis. Long-chain branches, even at very low concentrations, have a strong effect on the polymer melt behavior and, thereby, the processing properties. This work deals with ethene polymerization using group IV metallocene catalysts and the examination of long-chain branching in polyethene.\n\nLong-chain branching in metallocene catalysis is believed to take place via a copolymerization route, in which a vinyl terminated polyethene chain is incorporated into a growing polymer chain. Understanding the chain transfer mechanisms (vinyl end-group formation) and copolymerization abilities of metallocene catalysts have been important issues in this work.\n\nThe examination of the polymerization behavior of several metallocene compounds revealed that chain transfer mechanisms were catalyst specific. Depending on the catalyst structure, the termination of chain growth occurred via β-H elimination, chain transfer to the monomer, or chain transfer to the cocatalyst. The vinyl selectivities were between 20 and 100%. Comonomer response in ethene and 1-olefin copolymerization also depended on the catalyst structure. 10-fold differences in comonomer reactivity ratios were observed.\n\nLong-chain branching analysis of homopolyethenes produced with different metallocene catalysts indicated that the catalysts with high vinyl selectivity and good copolymerization ability were the most prominent in producing a polymer with modified rheological properties. In addition to rheological measurements, 13C NMR spectroscopy also showed the presence of long-chain branches. Besides the choice of catalyst, the polymerization conditions had a major impact on long-chain branch contents. Adjusting the ethene, hydrogen, or comonomer (1-olefin or nonconjugated α,ω-diene) concentration changed the rheological properties of the polymers.
Design of a New Serializer and Deserializer Architecture for On-Chip SerDes Transceivers (2015)

The increasing trends in SoCs and SiPs technologies demand integration of large numbers of buses and metal tracks for interconnections. On-Chip SerDes Transceiver is a promising solution which can reduce the number of interconnects and offers remarkable benefits in context with power consumption, area congestion and crosstalk. This paper reports a design of a new Serializer and Deserializer architecture for basic functional operations of serialization and deserialization used in On-Chip SerDes Transceiver. This architecture employs a design technique which samples input on both edges of clock. The main advantage of this technique which is input is sampled with lower clock (half the original rate) and is distributed for the same functional throughput, which results in power savings in the clock distribution network. This proposed Serializer and Deserializer architecture is designed using UMC 180 nm CMOS technology and simulation is done using Cadence Spectre simulator with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The present design is compared with the earlier published similar works and improvements are obtained in terms of power consumption and area as shown in Tables 1-3 respectively. This design also helps the designer for solving crosstalk issues.
Calcium and cell death (1983)

Irrespective of age or species, injured cardiac myocytes accumulate Ca2+. In this paper four different aspects of the Ca2+-overloading phenomenon are discussed. These aspects include the conditions under which it occurs, the possible routes of Ca2+ entry, the metabolic consequences of the raised tissue Ca2+ and possible protective procedures. The particular protective procedures that will be described involve the combined use of hypothermia and nifedipine (50 micrograms/l), with and without K+-induced chemical cardioplegia. Isolated, electrically paced rabbit hearts were made ischaemic for 60 to 180 min at 37, 28, 25, 15, 12 and 5 degrees C and then reperfused at 37 degrees C. In some experiments nifedipine was added to the perfusion buffer, with and without K+-induced cardioplegia. Recovery was assessed in terms of recovery of mechanical function, maintenance of the tissue stores of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate, and maintenance of the ATP-generating activity of the mitochondria. These results show that the cardioprotective effects of nifedipine and hypothermia are additive.
Essential Requirement of Apolipoprotein J (Clusterin) Signaling for IκB Expression and Regulation of NF-κB Activity (2003)

Apolipoprotein J/clusterin is an enigmatic protein highly regulated in inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer. Despite extensive studies, its biological function has remained obscure. Here we show that apolipoprotein J inhibits neuroblastoma cell invasion. Since this function can be regulated by NF-kappaB, we explored the possibility that apolipoprotein J might interfere with NF-kappaB signaling. Ectopic apolipoprotein J expression strongly inhibited NF-kappaB activity in human neuroblastoma cells and murine embryonic fibroblasts by stabilizing inhibitors of NF-kappaB (IkappaBs). Steady state levels of IkappaB proteins are drastically reduced in mouse embryo fibroblasts after disruption of the apolipoprotein J gene. Absence of apolipoprotein J causes reduction of IkappaB stability, a tumor necrosis factor-dependent increase in NF-kappaB activity, increased transcription of the NF-kappaB target gene c-IAP and down-modulation of p53 protein. These results suggest that an unexpected physiological role of apolipoprotein J is to inhibit NF-kappaB signaling through stabilization of IkappaBs and that this activity may result in suppression of tumor cell motility.
Low-power digital systems based on adiabatic-switching principles (1994)

Adiabatic switching is an approach to low-power digital circuits that differs fundamentally from other practical low-power techniques. When adiabatic switching is used, the signal energies stored on circuit capacitances may be recycled instead of dissipated as heat. We describe the fundamental adiabatic amplifier circuit and analyze its performance. The dissipation of the adiabatic amplifier is compared to that of conventional switching circuits, both for the case of a fixed voltage swing and the case when the voltage swing can be scaled to reduce power dissipation. We show how combinational and sequential adiabatic-switching logic circuits may be constructed and describe the timing restrictions required for adiabatic operation. Small chip-building experiments have been performed to validate the techniques and to analyse the associated circuit overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coherent beam combination of adaptive fiber laser array with tilt-tip and phase-locking control (2013)

We present an experimental study on tilt-tip (TT) and phase-locking (PL) control in a coherent beam combination (CBC) system of adaptive fiber laser array. The TT control is performed using the adaptive fiber-optics collimator (AFOC), and the PL control is realized by the phase modulator (PM). Cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT and PL using stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm are investigated in this paper. Two-fiber-laser-, four-fiber-laser-, and six-fiber-laser-arrays are employed to study the TT and PL control. In the cascaded control system, only one high-speed CMOS camera is used to collect beam data and a computer is used as the controller. In a simultaneous control system one high-speed CMOS camera and one photonic detector (PD) are employed, and a computer and a control circuit based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) are used as the controllers. Experimental results reveal that both cascaded and simultaneous controls of TT using AFOC and PL using PM in fiber laser array are feasible and effective. Cascaded control is more effective in static control situation and simultaneous control can be applied to the dynamic control system directly The control signals of simultaneous PL and TT disturb each other obviously and TT and PL control may compete with each other, so the control effect is limited.
<title>Fast ferroelectric-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator with silicon-integrated-circuit active backplane</title> (1990)

The fabrication of ferroelectric-liquid-crystal (FLC) light modulators directly atop silicon integrated-circuit (IC) active backplanes makes possible a new family of spatial light modulators (SLMs). Both FLC and IC characteristics play a role in determining the hybrid SLM''s performance capabilities. Total element number is limited to about 1000 x 1000 by current VLSI resolution and die-size constraints. SLM frame times are limited to about 100 microns by FLC response times for element numbers below about 256 x 256 and by IC power dissipation and electronic interconnect bandwidth above that size. Corrugations on the IC surface produced by the VLSI processing can cause severe intrapixel optical wavefront nonuniformity, but elements on the prototypes whose reflectors are restricted to circuitry-free regions have peak-to-valley roughness of less than 0.1 micron across a single pixel. Standard silicon foundry IC dies yielded SLMs flat to about a quarter-wave at 546 nm across a 5-mm aperture.
Reconfiguration Planning Among Obstacles for Heterogeneous Self-Reconfiguring Robots (2006)

Most reconfiguration planners for self-reconfiguring robots do not consider the placement of specific modules within the configuration. Recently, we have begun to investigate heterogeneous reconfiguration planning in lattice-based systems, in which there are various classes of modules. The start and goal configurations specify the class of each module, in addition to placement. Our previous work presents solutions for this problem with unrestricted free space available to the robot during reconfiguration, and also free space limited to a thin connected region over the entire surface of the configuration. In this paper, we further this restriction and define free space by an arbitrarily-shaped bounding region. This addresses the important problem of reconfiguration among obstacles, and reconfiguration over a rigid surface. Our algorithm plans module trajectories through the volume of the structure, and is divided into two phases: shape-forming, and sorting the goal configuration to correctly position modules by class. The worst-case running time for the first phase is O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) with O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) moves for an n-module robot, and a loose upper bound for the second phase is O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) time and moves. However, we show this bound to be Θ (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> )time and moves in common instances.
Human monoclonal antibody SK1-mediated cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells (1993)

We concluded that HuMAb SK1 showed some promise for future clinical trials. The in vitro CDC effect of HuMAb SK1 with mouse complement suggested that the antitumor effect of HuMAb SK1 might be successfully studied in the nude mouse model bearing xenografts of human colon cancer as a part of the preclinical evaluation.
Chemistry, properties, and applications of fluorographene (2017)

Fluorographene, formally a two-dimensional stoichiometric graphene derivative, attracted remarkable attention of the scientific community due to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties. We overview the strategies for the preparation of fluorinated graphene derivatives, based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. The physical and chemical properties of fluorographene, which is considered as one of the thinnest insulators with a wide electronic band gap, are presented. Special attention is paid to the rapidly developing chemistry of fluorographene, which was advanced in the last few years. The unusually high reactivity of fluorographene, which can be chemically considered perfluorinated hydrocarbon, enables facile and scalable access to a wide portfolio of graphene derivatives, such as graphene acid, cyanographene and allyl-graphene. Finally, we summarize the so far reported applications of fluorographene and fluorinated graphenes, spanning from sensing and bioimaging to separation, electronics and energy technologies.