gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B11: <i>In vivo</i> ADCC-mediated antitumor activity study with new preclinical humanized models. (2013)

Abstract Experimental systems to effectively evaluate therapeutic antibodies are urgently needed. One of the mechanisms used by antibodies to kill tumor cells is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in which natural killer cells (NK) are the main mediator. The generation of humanized mice as immunodeficient mice (such as NOG) engrafted with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) demonstrated their usefulness for studying the human immune system. Nevertheless, one issue of this humanized model is the incomplete maturation of NK cells. To circumvent this lack of functionality the Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA) has developed the second generation of transgenic NOG mice expressing human IL2 or IL15 (NK-NOG). hIL-2 and hIL-15 NOG mice were generated by microinjection of DNA fragments containing human IL-2 cDNA or human IL-15 cDNA replaced with a hIL-2 signal peptide, under the control of a CMV-promoter, into fertilized eggs of NOD-IL-2Rgnull mice. The serum levels of hIL-2 and hIL-15 in mice were 1-2 and 0.1-0.2 ng/mL, respectively. Humanization of NK-NOG mice was validated using freshly collected or frozen hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in transgenic NK-NOG mice. The characterization of the reconstituted NK-NOG mice was done in peripheral blood as well as central lymphoid organs such as bone marrow and spleen using flow cytometry. Moreover, the human NK cell function was evidenced using an ex vivo 51Cr assay demonstrating lysis properties of NK cells from collected spleen. Finally in vivo NK-mediated ADCC was evaluated in IL2-NOG mice simultaneously engrafted with human immune system and human Burkitt's lymphoma. Reconstituted mice were treated with Rituximab to examine immune system-related antitumor activity. Genetic manipulation of the host continue to improve the ability of humanized mice to more accurately recapitulate the in vivo function of human immune cells such as NK cells. Prediction of ADCC-mediated antitumor activity of humanized antibodies is now routinely feasible for preclinical evaluation. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B11. Citation Format: Caroline Mignard, Olivier Duchamp, Jean-François Mirjolet, Yasuyuki Ohnishi, Ikumi KATANO, Mamoru ITO. In vivo ADCC-mediated antitumor activity study with new preclinical humanized models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
Switched antenna array tile for real-time microwave imaging aperture (2016)

A switched array tile which is part of a large aperture for near-field microwave imaging is presented. The tile is based on the Boundary Array (BA), a sparse array topology for hardware efficient realization of imaging apertures. The larger array formed with the tile samples a scene with no redundancy, and is compatible with fast imaging techniques. Details on the design and realization of the tile are presented, as well as experimental images formed with a tile prototype.
Umami Responses in Mouse Taste Cells Indicate More than One Receptor (2006)

A number of gustatory receptors have been proposed to underlie umami, the taste of L-glutamate, and certain other amino acids and nucleotides. However, the response profiles of these cloned receptors have not been validated against responses recorded from taste receptor cells that are the native detectors of umami taste. We investigated umami taste responses in mouse circumvallate taste buds in an intact slice preparation, using confocal calcium imaging. Approximately 5% of taste cells selectively responded to L-glutamate when it was focally applied to the apical chemosensitive tips of receptor cells. The concentration-response range for L-glutamate fell approximately within the physiologically relevant range for taste behavior in mice, namely 10 mm and above. Inosine monophosphate enhanced taste cell responses to L-glutamate, a characteristic feature of umami taste. Using pharmacological agents, ion substitution, and immunostaining, we showed that intracellular pathways downstream of receptor activation involve phospholipase C beta2. Each of the above features matches those predicted by studies of cloned and expressed receptors. However, the ligand specificity of each of the proposed umami receptors [taste metabotropic glutamate receptor 4, truncated metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, or taste receptor 1 (T1R1) and T1R3 dimers], taken alone, did not appear to explain the taste responses observed in mouse taste cells. Furthermore, umami responses were still observed in mutant mice lacking T1R3. A full explanation of umami taste transduction may involve novel combinations of the proposed receptors and/or as-yet-undiscovered taste receptors.
Novel Si Codoped Pb(Zr,Ti,Nb)O<sub>3</sub> Thin Film for High-Density Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (2005)

We have succeeded in fabricating Pb(Zr,Ti,Nb)O 3 (PZTN) thin films with more than 10 at.% Nb at the B site in the A B O 3 structure, which are suitable for application to high-density and reliable ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM). To prepare the PZTN thin films, we used a sol-gel spin-coating method in which we codoped 1–3 mol% Si to promote the solvation of Nb atoms into the original Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT) films as a solid solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reciprocal space mapping and Raman scattering revealed that our PZTN film was a single ferroelectric phase of the A B O 3 proposed perovskite-type structure with Nb substituted for B -site atoms. Additionally, we suggested that, through this Nb substitution, the formation of oxygen vacancies in PZTN was effectively suppressed; the number of vacancies was much lower than in conventional PZT. The resultant 150-nm-thick PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.6 Nb 0.2 O 3 film had a very low leakage current and demonstrated excellent imprint and data retention properties. We have also succeeded in obtaining excellent electric properties in 0.8×0.8 µm 2 capacitors fabricated with PZTN. In addition, we confirmed the high reliability and absence of data degradation of our PZTN material during operation as a 1 kbit FeRAM chip. The results of a first-principles calculation indicated that the reduction of the number of oxygen vacancies led to a sufficiently wide band gap to lower the leakage current in our PZTN films.
On the use of the intermodulation communication towards zero power sensor nodes (2013)

This paper demonstrates the use of the intermodulation communication principle for long reading range wireless passive sensors. Analytical expressions and measurement results are first reviewed to describe the wireless sensor. Finally the outputs of an ECG (electrocardiography) wireless sensor are given. Results show that reading distances of several tens of meters are achievable with the intermodulation technique, hence setting out this technique as a strong candidate for passive sensor nodes that are the major constituents of wireless sensor networks.
Restoring Speech Following Total Removal of the Larynx (2017)

By speech articulator movement and training a transformation to audio we can restore the power of speech to someone who has lost their larynx. We sense changes in magnetic field caused by movements of small magnets attached to the lips and tongue. The sensor transformation uses recurrent neural networks.
Apparatuses and methods for measuring ultrasonic velocities in materials (1994)

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Large tunability of an optically pumped Mid-IR laser with chirped distributed-feedback grating (2008)

A CW, single-longitudinal-mode, optically pumped, type-II distributed-feedback laser at 4.3 mum is reported. Tunability of 27 nm (14 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) is obtained with the novel chirped grating design at a fixed temperature of 77 K.
Unassisted True Analog Neural Network Training Chip (2020)

Analog In-Memory Computing using Resistive Processing Unit (RPU) has been proposed for Neural Network (NN) training. However, hardware demonstration has been limited to using some digital emulation to assist the analog chip function. Using capacitor as analog weight, we report the first analog Neural Network training chip, where ALL Multiple and Accumulate (MAC) function are performed in analog cross-point arrays, and all weights are updated in parallel. The chip measure full MNIST training accuracy of 92.7% with run time faster than digital system in real time.
Multireceiver passive radar tracking (2012)

In this article, we have proved that using several passive radar receivers is of high interest to improve tracking capacities, by increasing the number of bistatic geometries available and diversifying the target aspect angles (multistatism). The experimental results showed that the multireceiver configuration enables us to initialize a track when the number of simultaneous detections is too low to do it in a single-receiver configuration (DVB-T) and/or it improves tracking quality, like track continuity, accuracy, and reduction of the initialization time (FM).
Deficient Th-1 Responses from TNFα-Matured Dendritic Cells. (2007)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The ultimate success of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination for the active immunotherapy of neoplasia involves a wide variety of variables including the method of DC generation, loading, and maturation; the DC dose and route of administration. A maturation cocktail comprising IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6, and PGE2 (ITIP) is commonly employed clinically, as is the use of the single inflammatory cytokine TNF-a. Here we compared these two methods with respect to DC maturation, phenotype, and function. METHODS: CD14+ monocytes were isolated from normal donor G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells using the mini-MACS system (Miltenyi Biotec), and cultured for 6 days in AIM-V medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4 (Cellgenix). Immature DCs were loaded with both acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) tumor lysate and mRNA as previously described1 and then matured with the ITIP cocktail, TNF-α alone, or a combination of TNF-α and CD40 agonism (Becton-Dickinson). Mature DCs were analyzed phenotypically and then cultured with autologous T-cells. RESULTS: Data generated from three different normal donors indicated that DCs matured with TNF-α were deficient in important costimulatory surface molecules CD80, CD83, and CD40 as well as in IL-12 production (p=0.001 in representative experiment). Analysis of T-cell functionality by IFN-γ ELISpot also demonstrated greatly decreased Th-1 functionality among lymphocytes stimulated by TNFα-matured DCs in comparison to ITIP-matured DCs (p=0.004 in representative experiment). Additionally, lymphocytes stimulated by TNFα-matured DCs were not able to proliferate significantly whereas ITIP-matured DCs mediated robust lymphocyte expansions consisting of up to 70% CD8+ cells. The addition of a CD40 agonist antibody to TNF-α during the DC maturation process could partially, but not completely overcome these observed functional deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that DCs loaded with primary tumor antigens and then matured with TNF-a might be deficient in the induction of type 1 T-helper responses. The absence of critical costimulatory markers and IL-12 secretion suggest that DCs matured with TNF-α might be suboptimal for the priming of naïve CD8 responses. These findings might help to improve the clinical efficacy of future DC vaccination studies.
One-Step Generation of Multifunctional Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules <i>via</i> Nanoscale Interfacial Complexation in Emulsion (NICE) (2015)

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules represent versatile stimuli-responsive structures that enable the encapsulation, protection, and release of active agents. Their conventional preparation methods, however, tend to be time-consuming, yield low encapsulation efficiency, and seldom allow for the dual incorporation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, limiting their widespread utilization. In this work, we present a method to fabricate stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte microcapsules in one step based on nanoscale interfacial complexation in emulsions (NICE) followed by spontaneous droplet hatching. NICE microcapsules can incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and also can be induced to trigger the release of encapsulated materials by changes in the solution pH or ionic strength. We also show that NICE microcapsules can be functionalized with nanomaterials to exhibit useful functionality, such as response to a magnetic field and disassembly in response to light. NICE represents a potentially transformative method to prepare multifunctional nanoengineered polyelectrolyte microcapsules for various applications such as drug delivery and cell mimicry.
Abstract 16353: Effects of Dapagliflozin on Physical and Social Activity Limitations in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of DAPA-HF (2020)

Background: Patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) suffer limitations in physical and social activities. We examined whether the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin improved the degree of physical and social activity limitation measured using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) in DAPA-HF. Hypothesis: Dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, would reduce the limitations of physical and social activity experienced by patients with HFrEF. Methods: We examined the effect of dapagliflozin on the physical and social limitation domains of the KCCQ at 8 months (prespecified analysis time point). Mean change from baseline was calculated using a linear regression model adjusted for baseline values with no imputation for missing data. Scores range from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better health status. Findings: At baseline, 4443 (94%) patients had available KCCQ data. Mean baseline physical limitations and social limitations scores were 66.0±24.0 and 65.5±27.4, respectively. Of the 10 individual domains that constitute these scores, the greatest limitations reported by patients at baseline were in doing gardening or housework or carrying groceries, hurrying/jogging and sexual relationships. Dapagliflozin improved physical and social limitations scores at 8 months (placebo-corrected mean difference +1.88 [95%CI 0.66,3.10] and +1.60 [0.18,3.01], respectively). Each individual domain reflecting physical and social limitations improved with dapagliflozin with the exception of sexual relationships (Table); the greatest improvements were seen in doing gardening or housework or carrying groceries (+2.48 [0.63,4.33]), hobbies and recreational activities (+2.46 [0.75-4.17]), and walking 100yd on level ground (+2.29 [0.62,3.96]). Interpretation: In DAPA-HF, dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, improved physical and social limitations as measured by the KCCQ in patients with HFrEF.
Model Predictive Control of Type 1 Diabetes: An <i>in Silico</i> Trial (2007)

The proposed in silico trial shows the potential of MPC for artificial pancreas design. The main features are a capability to consider meal announcement information, delay compensation, and simplicity of tuning and implementation.
Plasmonic Crystal-Based Gas Sensor Toward an Optical Nose Design (2017)

This paper presents a high-sensitivity gas sensor based on plasmonic crystal incorporating a thin layer of graphene oxide (GO). The plasmonic crystal consists of a periodic array of polymeric nanoposts with gold (Au) disks at the top and nanoholes in an Au thin film at the bottom. The thin GO layer coated atop the plasmonic crystal is the gas absorbent material for the sensor. Gas adsorption of GO modifies the refractive index of the plasmonic structure and returns a shift in the resonance wavelength of the surface plasmon polariton excited at the GO coated Au surface. The differences in target gas species and their adsorption in GO lead to a difference in the resonance shift. To identify the gas species in a complex gas mixture, a sensor array is designed with different sensing elements coated with different thicknesses of GO. The optical responses of the different sensing elements to a gas mixture are analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA)-based pattern recognition algorithm. The PCA separates the sensor responses to different species of gases, providing specificity of the device. The proposed sensor demonstrates a refractive index sensitivity of 449.63 nm/RIU. In addition, volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, methanol that serve as plant health indicators and ammonia that plays a key role in the ecosystem, are detected by the sensor. A change in a gas concentration results in a differing amount of adsorbate and correlated shift in the resonance wavelength of the device. The GO coated sensor exhibits sensitivities of 0.6 pm/ppm to gaseous ethylene, 3.2 pm/ppm to methanol, and 12.84 pm/ppm to ammonia. The integration of plasmonic sensing element arrays with varying GO thicknesses to modulate the gas adsorption, offers a promising approach to detect different gas species in a single test.
Identifying the subproteome of kinetically stable proteins via diagonal 2D SDS/PAGE (2007)

Most proteins are in equilibrium with partially and globally unfolded conformations. In contrast, kinetically stable proteins (KSPs) are trapped by an energy barrier in a specific state, unable to transiently sample other conformations. Among many potential roles, it appears that kinetic stability (KS) is a feature used by nature to allow proteins to maintain activity under harsh conditions and to preserve the structure of proteins that are prone to misfolding. The biological and pathological significance of KS remains poorly understood because of the lack of simple experimental methods to identify this property and its infrequent occurrence in proteins. Based on our previous correlation between KS and a protein's resistance to the denaturing detergent SDS, we show here the application of a diagonal 2D (D2D) SDS/PAGE assay to identify KSPs in complex mixtures. We applied this method to the lysate of Escherichia coli and upon proteomics analysis have identified 50 nonredundant proteins that were SDS-resistant (i.e., kinetically stable). Structural and functional analyses of a subset (44) of these proteins with known 3D structure revealed some potential structural and functional biases toward and against KS. This simple D2D SDS/PAGE assay will allow the widespread investigation of KS, including the proteomics-level identification of KSPs in different systems, potentially leading to a better understanding of the biological and pathological significance of this intriguing property of proteins.
15.1: A New LC Rear‐Projection Display Based on the “Color‐Grating Method” (1998)

Abstract We have developed a rear‐projection display with a novel color separation system, so called the Color Grating Method, comprised of the diffraction grating and the single‐LC panel. This method realizes the higher brightness and well chromaticity compared with the conventional optical engine using single‐LC with color filter. Further, we developed a new polarization converter system, using a prism array that consists of several small prisms. A prism array combines both orthogonal polarized light, therefore our optical engine can efficiently utilize a luminosity of a light source. The LC rear‐projection display based on these technologies realized the lower costs and light weight, a slim body and good performance.
Universal Compensation Ramp Auto-Tuning Technique for Current Mode Controls of Switching Converters (2017)

The conventional slope compensations for current mode controls do not take all the parameters' changes into account, so the variations on small-signal transfer functions limit the voltage loop bandwidth (BW). In order to optimize the dynamic performance of current-mode control, this letter proposes a universal auto-tuning technique for external ramp slope based on the sensed slope of current feedback signal. The tuning mechanism keeps the quality factor of the double poles unchanged over the duty cycle variation, inductor tolerance, sensing element variation, and topology change, thus a consistent wide BW control is achieved without the limitation from the corner cases. Simple digital and analog implementations are proposed to realize the auto-tuning concept. This method is applicable to digital and analog current-mode controllers with peak current mode, valley current mode, and average current mode operations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Immunotherapy: Engineering Immunological Tolerance Using Quantum Dots to Tune the Density of Self‐Antigen Display (Adv. Funct. Mater. 22/2017) (2017)

In article number 1700290, Christopher M. Jewell and co-workers use quantum dots (yellow) to track and control the display density of self-molecules mistakenly attacked during autoimmune diseases. This precise display changes self-molecule processing by antigen-presenting cells (purple), reprogramming the disease-driving inflammatory T cells (red) to become regulatory T cells (developing white region on cell) that control disease and eliminate paralysis.
Non-reciprocal acoustic devices based on spatio-temporal angular-momentum modulation (2014)

Acoustic devices that break reciprocity, for instance acoustic isolators or circulators, may find exciting applications in a variety of fields, including imaging, acoustic communication systems, and noise control. Non-reciprocal acoustic propagation has typically been achieved using non-linear phenomena, which require high input power levels and introduce distorsions. In contrast, we have recently demonstrated compact linear isolation for audible airborne sound by means of angular momentum bias [Fleury et al., Science 343, 516 (2014)], exploiting modal splitting in a ring cavity polarized by an internal, constantly circulating fluid, whose motion is imparted using low-noise CPU fans. We present here an improved design with no moving parts, which is directly scalable to ultrasonic frequencies and fully integrable. Instead of imparting angular momentum in the form of a moving medium as in our previous approach, we make use of spatio-temporal acoustic modulation of three coupled acoustic cavities, a strategy that can be readily implemented in integrated ultrasonic devices, for instance, using piezoelectric effects. In this new paradigm, the required modulation frequency is orders of magnitude lower than the signal frequency, and the modulation efficiency is maximized. This constitutes a pivotal step towards practically realizing compact, linear, noise-free, tunable non-reciprocal acoustic components for full-duplex acoustic communications and isolation.
A novel linear induction motor equivalent-circuit with optimized end effect model (2014)

A new method to model the end effect for single-sided short-primary linear induction motors (LIMs) is developed by considering the effect of nonzero leakage inductance of the secondary. The well-established equivalent circuit model-introduced by Duncan in the 1980s-is improved by taking nonzero leakage inductance into account. This new approach closes the gap between predictions and test results of a transit LIM. It also allows for reliable model utilization in engineering practice. The analytical predictions are verified with the field test data collected from a full-scale LIM designed for public transit systems.