gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passive Stiffness Changes Caused by Upregulation of Compliant Titin Isoforms in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy Hearts (2004)

In the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, cytoskeletal proteins play an important role. In this study, we analyzed titin expression in left ventricles of 19 control human donors and 9 severely diseased (nonischemic) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) transplant-patients, using gel-electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and quantitative RT-PCR. Both human-heart groups coexpressed smaller (approximately 3 MDa) N2B-isoform and longer (3.20 to 3.35 MDa) N2BA-isoforms, but the average N2BA:N2B-protein ratio was shifted from approximately 30:70 in controls to 42:58 in DCM hearts, due mainly to increased expression of N2BA-isoforms >3.30 MDa. Titin per unit tissue was decreased in some DCM hearts. The titin-binding protein obscurin also underwent isoform-shifting in DCM. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a 47% reduction in total-titin mRNA levels in DCM compared with control hearts, but no differences in N2B, all-N2BA, and individual-N2BA transcripts. The reduction in total-titin transcripts followed from a decreased area occupied by myocytes and increased connective tissue in DCM hearts, as detected by histological analysis. Force measurements on isolated cardiomyofibrils showed that sarcomeric passive tension was reduced on average by 25% to 30% in DCM, a reduction readily predictable with a model of wormlike-chain titin elasticity. Passive-tension measurements on human-heart fiber bundles, before and after titin proteolysis, revealed a much-reduced relative contribution of titin to total passive stiffness in DCM. Results suggested that the titin-isoform shift in DCM depresses the proportion of titin-based stiffness by approximately 10%. We conclude that a lower-than-normal proportion of titin-based stiffness in end-stage failing hearts results partly from loss of titin and increased fibrosis, partly from titin-isoform shift. The titin-isoform shift may be beneficial for myocardial diastolic function, but could impair the contractile performance in systole.
Stem cell biology and neurodegenerative disease (2004)

The fundamental basis of our work is that organs are generated by multipotent stem cells, whose properties we must understand to control tissue assembly or repair. Central nervous system (CNS) stem cells are now recognized as a well-defined population of precursors that differentiate into cells that are indisputably neurons and glial cells. Work from our group played an important role in defining stem cells of the CNS. Embryonic stem (ES) cells also differentiate to specific neuron and glial types through defined intermediates that are similar to the cellular precursors that normally occur in brain development. There is convincing evidence that the differentiated progeny of ES cells and CNS stem cells show expected functions of neurons and glia. Recent progress has been made on three fundamental developmental processes: (i) cell cycle control; (ii) the control of cell fate; and (iii) early steps in neural differentiation. In addition, our work on CNS stem cells has developed to a stage where there are clinical implications for Parkinson's and other degenerative disorders. These advances establish that stem cell biology contributes to our understanding of brain development and has great clinical promise.
Stereoselective amine-thiourea-catalysed sulfa-Michael/nitroaldol cascade approach to 3,4,5-substituted tetrahydrothiophenes bearing a quaternary stereocenter (2016)

An investigation on the stereoselective cascade sulfa-Michael/aldol reaction of nitroalkenes and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol to 3,4,5-substituted tetrahydrothiophenes, bearing a quaternary stereocenter, is presented. A secondary amine thiourea derived from (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylamine was found to be the most effective catalyst when using trans-β-methyl-β-nitrostyrenes affording the heterocyclic products in good yields and moderate stereoselectivities.
Design and implementation of a temporal extension of SQL (2004)

We present a valid-time extension of SQL and investigate its efficient implementation on an object-relational database system. We propose an approach, where temporal queries are expressed using a point-based time model, which only requires minimal extensions to SQL: 1999. Our prototype system called TENORS (for Temporal ENhanced Object-Relational System) maps the external point-based temporal queries and data model into equivalent internal representations based on time intervals. We describe the mapping of queries from external views to internal relations, and the temporal clustering and indexing methods used to support these queries on DB2.
Results of MRC (UK) trial of drug therapy for mild hypertension. (1987)

The main aim of the trial was to determine whether drug treatment of mild hypertension (phase V diastolic pressure 90-109 mm Hg) reduced the rates of stroke, of death due to hypertension, and of coronary events, in men and women aged 35-64 years. A total of 17,354 patients was recruited, and 85,572 patient-years of observation accrued. Patients were randomly allocated at entry to take bendrofluazide or placebo, or propranolol or placebo. The stroke rate was reduced with treatment (60 strokes, vs 109 in the placebo groups), being 1.4 and 2.6 per 1,000 patient-years of observation, respectively (p less than 0.01), but overall rates of coronary events were not different (222 with treatment and 234 with placebos). The incidence of all cardiovascular events was reduced with treatment (286 events, vs 352 with placebos; p less than 0.05). For rates of mortality from all causes, treatment made no difference. Several post hoc analyses of subgroup results were performed. The all-cause mortality was reduced in men on treatment (157 deaths, vs 181 in placebo groups) but increased in women on treatment (91 deaths, vs 72 with placebos); this difference between the sexes was significant (p = 0.05). The reduction in stroke rate was greater with bendrofluazide than with propranolol (p = 0.002). The rate of strokes was reduced in both smokers and non-smokers taking bendrofluazide, but only in non-smokers taking propranolol; this difference between the drugs was significant (p = 0.03). The coronary-event rate was not reduced by bendrofluazide, whatever the smoking habit, nor in smokers taking propranolol, but it was reduced in non-smokers taking propranolol. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Accelerating Pattern Matching Queries in Hybrid CPU-FPGA Architectures (2017)

Taking advantage of recently released hybrid multicore architectures, such as the Intel's Xeon+FPGA machine, where the FPGA has coherent access to the main memory through the QPI bus, we explore the benefits of specializing operators to hardware. We focus on two commonly used SQL operators for strings: LIKE, and REGEXP_LIKE, and provide a novel and efficient implementation of these operators in reconfigurable hardware. We integrate the hardware accelerator into MonetDB, a main-memory column store, and demonstrate a significant improvement in response time and throughput. Our Hardware User Defined Function (HUDF) can speed up complex pattern matching by an order of magnitude in comparison to the database running on a 10-core CPU. The insights gained from integrating hardware based string operators into MonetDB should also be useful for future designs combining hardware specialization and databases.
Challenges in ALK Inhibition of ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: from ALK Positivity Detection to Treatment Strategies After Relapse (2018)

ALK positivity, despite representing only in a small proportion of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, is worth researching at diagnosis given the possibility to treat these patients with some targeted ALK inhibitors, which are more potent than chemotherapy. Thanks to understanding the resistance mechanisms, newer and more selective inhibitors are now available in clinical practice. Hence, this disease represents, after EGFR inhibition, a largely effective precision medicine approach. However, there are still some clinical situations in which the targeted drug seems to be ineffective. This review discusses some uncertainty about such a 'precision medicine application', focusing on some weaknesses and giving perspectives and suggestions to improve the management of this specific population.
Growth Restriction and Exendin 4 Promote Endocrine Expression in Cultured Islet Cells Derived From Patients With Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia of Infancy (PHHI) (2005)

Islets derived from patients with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy, PHHI, show a significant capacity to proliferate in vitro without the addition of growth factors. However, as with other differentiated cells, PHHI-derived islet cells show a loss of differentiated function with repeated subculture. Here, we have investigated methods of extending the differentiated function of PHHI-derived endocrine cells following in vitro expansion. The experiments were carried out on 13 primary pancreatic cell cultures from patients with PHHI, the majority of which (n = 11) were glucose unresponsive--a distinctive feature of PHHI disease. After a 20-day period of cell expansion in 10% FCS, cells were switched to media containing varying concentrations of FCS with or without exendin 4 and endocrine function was measured using ELISA and RT-PCR for insulin and PDX-1. Switching the expanded cultures to low serum was shown to slow cell division while maintaining the residual differentiated endocrine characteristics of all the cultures tested. Exendin 4 was shown to further enhance the improved insulin secretion shown by low serum cultures, although in glucose nonresponsive cells, this was at the expense of insulin stores. However, we did observe that exendin 4 could upregulate insulin secretion, insulin storage, and PDX-1 expression in glucose responsive PHHI cultures.
Application of Digital, Pulse - Width - Modulated, Sonic Flow Injectors for Gaseous Fuels (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Sonic flow, pulse-width-modulated electronic fuel injectors for gaseous fuels provide precise, stable and reliable service for over 1 billion cycles. Techniques for precision flow calibration are described along with dynamic response characteristics. Application techniques including pressure regulation, filtration and procedures for adjusting flow calibration for changes in gas pressure, temperature and composition are presented. Applications include single point (throttle body or mixer), multi-point constant flow and multipoint sequential strategies. Durability testing in parallel with a utility pipeline regulator fully conserves power and gaseous fuel in a simple, low cost, multiple injector test bank.</div>
Genetic analysis of Azotobacter vinelandii mutant strains unable to fix nitrogen (1977)

Transformation was used to perform ratio test crosses with mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii unable to fix N2. Mutations that simultaneously eliminated both components of nitrogenase (nif-1 and nif-2) were tightly linked. The nif-45 mutation that resulted in the absence of an active molybdenum cofactor was closer to nif-1 and nif-2 than to any of the other nif mutations. Strains that lacked component I carried mutations that were closely linked to each other. Mutations that probably were located in the structural genes for components I and II appeared to be relatively close to each other on the A. vinelandii genome.
Early stage melanoma: lymphoscintigraphy, reproducibility of sentinel node detection, and effectiveness of the intraoperative gamma probe. (1996)

Lymphoscintigraphy is reproducible in detection of the sentinel node and with the surgical probe helps effectively guide surgical management.
<title>Measurements of cross-sensitivity to contaminant gases using a highly selective, optical-fiber-remoted methane sensor based on correlation spectroscopy</title> (1992)

An optical-fiber methane sensor that uses a correlation technique based on pressure modulation is reviewed. The sensitivity to methane was measured and the cross-sensitivity to a number of contaminant gases, such as ethane, has been determined. The performance of this system is compared with conventional gas-absorption measurement techniques in order to determine a figure of merit for the selectivity improvement.
Riboflavin Inhibits IL-6 Expression and p38 Activation in Islet Cells (2008)

Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin that reduces the production of proinflammatory mediators and oxygen radicals. Because islet beta-cells are very sensitive to oxidative stress and to cytokines, we investigated the possible cytoprotective effects of riboflavin on insulinoma NIT-1 cells and on isolated rodent islets. NIT-1 cells and islets cultured in the presence or absence of 10 microM riboflavin were studied at baseline and after exposure to cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, INF-gamma). Riboflavin treatment did not affect islet cell viability as assessed by flow cytometry for caspases activation. However, riboflavin prevented the cytokine-induced increase in IL-6 mRNA expression and p38 phosphorylation analyzed by real-time PCR and immunoassay, respectively. In summary, nontoxic doses of riboflavin prevent cytokines-induced p38 phosphorylation and IL-6 upregulation in islet cells. This observation, together with the safety profile of riboflavin in the clinical setting, makes it an appealing agent for islet cytoprotection in islet transplantation protocols.
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Benign and Malignant Disease (2001)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that offers a remarkable therapeutic option for patients with osteoporotic or tumor-related vertebral fractures and pain. It has the advantage of effecting pain relief and restoring bone biomechanical strength.
An Introduction to Machine Learning Methods for Survey Researchers (2018)

Machine learning techniques comprise an array of computer-intensive methods that aim at discovering patterns in data using flexible, often nonparametric, methods for modeling and variable selection. These methods offer an expansion to the more traditional methods, such as OLS or logistic regression, which have been used by survey researchers and social scientists. Many of the machine learning methods do not require the distributional assumptions of the more traditional methods, and many do not require explicit model specification prior to estimation. Machine learning methods are beginning to be used for various aspects of survey research including responsive/adaptive designs, data processing and nonresponse adjustments and weighting. This special issue aims to familiarize survey researchers and social scientists with the basic concepts in machine learning and highlights five common methods. Specifically, articles in this issue will offer an accessible introduction to: LASSO models, support vector machines, neural networks, and classification and regression trees and random forests. In addition to a detailed description, each article will highlight how the respective method is being used in survey research along with an application of the method to a common example. The introductory article will provide an accessible introduction to some commonly used concepts and terms associated with machine learning modeling and evaluation. The introduction also provides a description of the data set that was used as the common application example for each of the five machine learning methods.
Efficient intra coding structure for high resolution videos using line-by-line prediction and adaptive transform selection (2010)

In this paper, an efficient intra coding structure for high resolution videos is proposed. First, we use a line-by-line intra 16×16 prediction to improve the prediction accuracy. Second, we modify the intra coding structure for the line-by-line prediction mode. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides approximately 10.415% bit saving, compared to the current H.264/AVC FPExt high profile over several high-definition (HD) test sequences.
TLR4 activation of TRPC6-dependent calcium signaling mediates endotoxin-induced lung vascular permeability and inflammation (2012)

Lung vascular endothelial barrier disruption and the accompanying inflammation are primary pathogenic features of acute lung injury (ALI); however, the basis for the development of both remains unclear. Studies have shown that activation of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels induces Ca(2+) entry, which is essential for increased endothelial permeability. Here, we addressed the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) intersection with TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) in mediating lung vascular leakage and inflammation. We find that the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) induces Ca(2+) entry in ECs in a TLR4-dependent manner. Moreover, deletion of TRPC6 renders mice resistant to endotoxin-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammation, and protects against sepsis-induced lethality. TRPC6 induces Ca(2+) entry in ECs, which is secondary to the generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) induced by LPS. Ca(2+) entry mediated by TRPC6, in turn, activates the nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), which not only increases lung vascular permeability but also serves as a scaffold to promote the interaction of myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1R-associated kinase 4, which are required for NF-κB activation and lung inflammation. Our findings suggest that TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) entry into ECs, secondary to TLR4-induced DAG generation, participates in mediating both lung vascular barrier disruption and inflammation induced by endotoxin.
Using Dynamic Time Warping to FindPatterns in Time Series (1994)

Knowledge discovery in databases presents many interesting challenges within the ¢onte~t of providing computer tools for exploring large data archives. Electronic data .repositories are growing qulckiy and contain data from commercial, scientific, and other domains. Much of this data is inherently temporal, such as stock prices or NASA telemetry data. Detect£ug patterns in such data streams or time series is an important knowledge discovery task. This paper describes some pr~|~m;~,ry experiments with a dynamic prograrnm~,~g approach to the problem. The pattern detection algorithm is based on the dynamic time warping technique used in the speech recognition field.
Integrated Optical Devices With Grafted III-V Semiconductor Layers (1990)

The development of integrated optical circuits has made use of three different material groups: glass, electro-optic crystals, such as LiNbO3, and semiconductors. The prominent properties of each material group are well known. Glass and LiNbO3 waveguides are cheap, easy to fabricate and have lower insertion loss than semiconductors. Moreover, LiNbO3 has high electro-optic coefficients allowing control of the phase, polarization and amplitude of the guided light. Semiconductors offer band-gap engineering and carrier doped layers allowing the fabrication of waveguides, detectors, sources and high-speed electronics.
Accessing mars recurring slope lineae: Mobility systems analysis (2018)

Recurring Slope Lineae, RSL, are visible steaks on the sides of Martian craters and other steep landforms with three distinct characteristics: i) they occur seasonally, ii) they lengthen with time, and iii) they fade. Recently, 474 RSL-like (>= 1 characteristic) and 69 RSL (all 3 characteristics) sites have been identified and are located in four primary regions of Mars: Chryse and Acidalia Planitiae, Valles Marineras, the Equatorial highlands, and the Southern Mid-Latitudes. There are several hypotheses that explain the origin of RSL, ranging from the motion of dry, granular material downhill, to the presence of underground aquifers. These hypotheses can be partially resolved by proximal (<;= 100m) or even distal (>= 1km) observations. However, complete disambiguation can only be achieved through surface contact science. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory recently conducted a study into the methods by which a landed asset could access RSL sites to assist in the separation of RSL hypotheses. During this study, 8 of the 69 RSL sites were considered to be landable based on their latitude, elevation, topography, and ability to support an 8 km landing ellipse. In this paper, the accessibility of these sites is detailed through a discussion of their geometry, terrain types, slope and surface roughness. Particular attention is paid to three craters: Selevac, Andapa, and Garni, which were assessed to be strong candidates for scientific investigation. The challenges of accessibility provide the basis for which an assessment of the concepts of operation of 22 architectures is given. Though individually assessed, these concepts can be broadly compiled into balloon, helicopter, missile, and ground ascent/descent groups. First order sizing, power, and mass calculations for each group are detailed along with their advantages and concept specific challenges. The merits of each concept is assessed as a function of the science they enable, technology readiness and feasibility, cost, and risk. A ranking matrix is presented along with selected weightings. Based on the results of the trade study, the highest rated concepts are identified and their next stages of analysis and development are proposed.
Room temperature haloaluminate ionic liquids. Novel solvents for transition metal solution chemistry (1988)

Abstract
Photoinduced hydrogen loss from porous silicon (1992)

In this letter we show that UV illumination of porous silicon causes a decrease in its luminescence efficiency. Infrared measurements allow us to associate the efficiency decrease with a loss of hydrogen from the silicon surface. We also find that the rate at which the luminescence intensity degrades increases rapidly when the illumination energy exceeds a threshold near 3.0 eV. We conclude that the decrease in photoluminescence efficiency occurs as a result of optically induced hydrogen desorption and discuss possible explanations for the energy threshold.
Contemporary Infectious Exanthems: An Update (2016)

An exanthem is a skin rash that may be associated with mucous membrane eruption, fever or other symptoms. It may develop as manifestation of an infectious disease or as adverse reaction to drugs. Beside the 'classical exanthems' commonly occurring in childhood, other exanthems, defined as 'atypical' for the different morphology and causal agents, may occur. Among the atypical exanthems with infectious etiology, viral, bacterial, parasitic and helminth infections are implicated. We describe herein etiology and epidemiology of the atypical exanthems caused by infectious agents. In case of exanthem, to make a correct etiological diagnosis is crucial for both the patient and community concerning issues such as time off school, immunizations and risk in pregnancy and immunocompromised individuals.
An Outbreak of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Ventilator-Associated Respiratory Infections Due to Contaminated Food Coloring Dye - Further Evidence of the Significance of Gastric Colonization Preceding Nosocomial Pneumonia (1995)

Abstract An outbreak of ventilator-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital was found to be associated with contaminated food coloring dye. Serotyping and bacteriocin typing indicated that the same strain of Pseudomonas was isolated from the food dye and from the respiratory cultures of the majority of patients. This observation lends credence to the importance of gastric colonization preceding pneumonia in ventilated patients.