gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chain transfer to aluminum in the homogeneous cyclopolymerization of 1,5-hexadiene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleChain transfer to aluminum in the homogeneous cyclopolymerization of 1,5-hexadieneAnne Lise Mogstad and Robert M. WaymouthCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 8, 2282–2284Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00034a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00034a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Holographic extraction of plane waves from an ultrasound beam for acoustic characterization of an absorbing layer of finite dimensions (2021)

For the acoustic characterization of materials, a method is proposed for interpreting experiments with finite-sized transducers and test samples in terms of the idealized situation in which plane waves are transmitted through an infinite plane-parallel layer. The method uses acoustic holography, which experimentally provides complete knowledge of the wave field by recording pressure waveforms at points on a surface intersected by the acoustic beam. The measured hologram makes it possible to calculate the angular spectrum of the beam to decompose the field into a superposition of plane waves propagating in different directions. Because these waves cancel one another outside the beam, the idealized geometry of an infinite layer can be represented by a sample of finite size if its lateral dimensions exceed the width of the acoustic beam. The proposed method relies on holograms that represent the acoustic beam with and without the test sample in the transmission path. The method is described theoretically, and its capabilities are demonstrated experimentally for silicone rubber samples by measuring their frequency-dependent phase velocities and absorption coefficients in the megahertz frequency range.
3D Dosimetry based on a new optical approach for dosimetry gels: Use of the polarisation ratio of the scattering light (2017)

International audience
Titania-Catalyzed Radiofluorination of Tosylated Precursors in Highly Aqueous Medium (2015)

Nucleophilic radiofluorination is an efficient synthetic route to many positron-emission tomography (PET) probes, but removal of water to activate the cyclotron-produced [(18)F]fluoride has to be performed prior to reaction, which significantly increases overall radiolabeling time and causes radioactivity loss. In this report, we demonstrate the possibility of (18)F-radiofluorination in highly aqueous medium. The method utilizes titania nanoparticles, 1:1 (v/v) acetonitrile-thexyl alcohol solvent mixture, and tetra-n-butylammonium bicarbonate as a phase-transfer agent. Efficient radiolabeling is directly performed with aqueous [(18)F]fluoride without the need for a drying/azeotroping step to significantly reduce radiosynthesis time. High radiochemical purity of the target compound is also achieved. The substrate scope of the synthetic strategy is demonstrated with a range of aromatic, aliphatic, and cycloaliphatic tosylated precursors.
Local pulmonary structure classification for computer-aided nodule detection (2006)

We propose a new method of classifying the local structure types, such as nodules, vessels, and junctions, in thoracic CT scans. This classification is important in the context of computer aided detection (CAD) of lung nodules. The proposed method can be used as a post-process component of any lung CAD system. In such a scenario, the classification results provide an effective means of removing false positives caused by vessels and junctions thus improving overall performance. As main advantage, the proposed solution transforms the complex problem of classifying various 3D topological structures into much simpler 2D data clustering problem, to which more generic and flexible solutions are available in literature, and which is better suited for visualization. Given a nodule candidate, first, our solution robustly fits an anisotropic Gaussian to the data. The resulting Gaussian center and spread parameters are used to affine-normalize the data domain so as to warp the fitted anisotropic ellipsoid into a fixed-size isotropic sphere. We propose an automatic method to extract a 3D spherical manifold, containing the appropriate bounding surface of the target structure. Scale selection is performed by a data driven entropy minimization approach. The manifold is analyzed for high intensity clusters, corresponding to protruding structures. Techniques involve EMclustering with automatic mode number estimation, directional statistics, and hierarchical clustering with a modified Bhattacharyya distance. The estimated number of high intensity clusters explicitly determines the type of pulmonary structures: nodule (0), attached nodule (1), vessel (2), junction (>3). We show accurate classification results for selected examples in thoracic CT scans. This local procedure is more flexible and efficient than current state of the art and will help to improve the accuracy of general lung CAD systems.
Preserved‐traveltime smoothing (2012)

ABSTRACT Most ray‐based migration and tomography methods require a certain degree of smoothness of the depth velocity model. Since smoothing changes the velocity model, it is generally impossible to preserve the traveltime between all pairs of points in the model. Using conventional smoothing, the traveltime errors are particularly large at discontinuities in the velocity model. These errors are offset‐dependent and they cause errors in both the depth and residual moveout (RMO) of depth migrated images. Here we propose a new method, Preserved‐Traveltime Smoothing (PTS) with an objective of preserving traveltimes (and hence depths) at these discontinuities. This is accomplished by smoothing of velocity moments for anisotropic models using a specific cross‐correlation filter with the desired smoothness properties. The method is valid for isotropic, transversely isotropic with vertical symmetry axis (VTI) and structural transverse isotropic (STI) models. The variations of the model parameters perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the anisotropy are assumed to be small.
Materials for n-type organic electronics: synthesis and properties of fluoroarene-thiophene semiconductors (2003)

Recent progress in the field of organic electronics is due to a fruitful combination of both innovative molecular design and promising low-cost material/device assembly. Targeting the first strategy, we present here the general synthesis of fluoroarene-containing thiophene-based semiconductors and the study of their properties with respect to the corresponding fluorine-free hole-transporting analogues. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and 1H- and 19F NMR. The dramatic influence of fluorine substitution and molecular architecture has been investigated by solution/film optical absorption, fluorescence emission, and cyclic voltammetry. Single crystal data for all of the oligomers have been obtained and will be presented. Film microstructure and morphology of this new class of materials have been studied by XRD and SEM. Particular emphasis will be posed on the solution-processable oligomers and polymers.
Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Peptide-Conjugated Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers (2017)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a highly virulent, multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and is particularly devastating in patients with cystic fibrosis. Increasing antibiotic resistance coupled with decreasing numbers of antibiotics in the developmental pipeline demands novel antibacterial approaches. Here, we tested peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs), which inhibit translation of complementary mRNA from specific, essential genes in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PPMOs targeted to <i>acpP</i>, <i>lpxC</i>, and <i>rpsJ</i>, inhibited <i>P. aeruginosa</i> growth in many clinical strains and activity of PPMOs could be enhanced 2- to 8-fold by the addition of polymyxin B nonapeptide at subinhibitory concentrations. The PPMO targeting <i>acpP</i> was also effective at preventing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1 biofilm formation and at reducing existing biofilms. Importantly, treatment with various combinations of a PPMO and a traditional antibiotic demonstrated synergistic growth inhibition, the most effective of which was the PPMO targeting <i>rpsJ</i> with tobramycin. Furthermore, treatment of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PA103-infected mice with PPMOs targeting <i>acpP</i>, <i>lpxC</i>, or <i>rpsJ</i> significantly reduced the bacterial burden in the lungs at 24 h by almost 3 logs. Altogether, this study demonstrates that PPMOs targeting the essential genes <i>acpP</i>, <i>lpxC</i>, or <i>rpsJ</i> in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> are highly effective at inhibiting growth <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> These data suggest that PPMOs alone or in combination with antibiotics represent a novel approach to addressing the problems associated with rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance in <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.
Pyridinium Cationic Lipids in Gene Delivery:  A Structure−Activity Correlation Study (2004)

Three series of pyridinium cationic lipids useful as nonviral gene delivery agents were prepared by reaction of pyrylium salts with aminodiols, followed by acylation with fatty acyl chlorides. On the basis of this set of compounds, we undertook a comprehensive structure-activity relationship study at the level of the linker, hydrophobic anchor, and counterion in order to identify the structural elements that generate the highest transfection efficiency for this new type of cationic lipid. The results revealed that when formulated with cholesterol at a 1:1 molar ratio, the 1-(1,3-dimyristoyloxyprop-2-yl)-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium, under the form of hexafluorophosphate (5AMyr) or chloride (5DMyr), was able to transfect NCI-H23 lung carcinoma with efficiencies surpassing classic DOTAP-based formulations and with lower cytotoxicity. Subsequent tests on other malignancies yielded similarly promising results.
A microscale optical implant for continuous in vivo monitoring of intraocular pressure (2017)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key clinical parameter in glaucoma management. However, despite the potential utility of daily measurements of IOP in the context of disease management, the necessary tools are currently lacking, and IOP is typically measured only a few times a year. Here we report on a microscale implantable sensor that could provide convenient, accurate, on-demand IOP monitoring in the home environment. When excited by broadband near-infrared (NIR) light from a tungsten bulb, the sensor's optical cavity reflects a pressure-dependent resonance signature that can be converted to IOP. NIR light is minimally absorbed by tissue and is not perceived visually. The sensor's nanodot-enhanced cavity allows for a 3-5 cm readout distance with an average accuracy of 0.29 mm Hg over the range of 0-40 mm Hg. Sensors were mounted onto intraocular lenses or silicone haptics and secured inside the anterior chamber in New Zealand white rabbits. Implanted sensors provided continuous <i>in vivo</i> tracking of short-term transient IOP elevations and provided continuous measurements of IOP for up to 4.5 months.
A recombinant attenuated candidate vaccine that efficiently and persistently protects against bovine leukemia virus in herds (2014)

There currently is no efficient vaccine that protects against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. We now propose a novel approach based on the use of a recombinant live-attenuated BLV provirus. The rationale behind this strategy relies on the deletion of genes required to induce pathogenesis maintaining the integrity of those involved in infectivity. We have identified a BLV attenuated provirus that is infectious but replicates at reduced levels in cattle. The attenuated strain elicits a strong anti-BLV immune response and does not spread to uninfected sentinels maintained during 3 years in the same herd supporting biosafety of the vaccine. Passive antibodies are transmitted to newborn calves via maternal colostrum and persist during several months. Nevertheless, the BLV attenuated provirus does not transmit from cows to calves. Finally, vaccinated animals resist challenge by a wild-type BLV virus. In summary, we have identified a safe BLV attenuated provirus with impaired transmissibility that efficiently protects against infection in herd conditions.
Taylor Dispersion Analysis of Mixtures (2007)

Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) is a fast and simple method for determining hydrodynamic radii. In the case of sample mixtures, TDA, as the other nonseparative methods, leads to an average diffusion coefficient on the different molecules constituting the mixture. We set in this work the equations giving, on a consistent basis, the average values obtained by TDA with detectors with linear response functions. These equations confronted TDA experiments of sample mixtures containing different proportions of a small molecule and a polymer standard. Very good agreement between theory and experiment was obtained. In a second part of this work, on the basis of monomodal or bimodal molar mass distributions of polymers, the different average diffusion coefficients corresponding to TDA were compared to the z-average diffusion coefficient (D(z)) obtained from dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments and to the weight average diffusion coefficient (D(w)). This latter value is sometimes considered as the most representative of the sample mixture. From these results, it appears that, for monomodal distribution and relatively low polydispersity (I = 1.15), the average diffusion coefficient generally derived from TDA is very close to Dw. However, for highly polydisperse samples (e.g., bimodal polydisperse distributions), important differences could be obtained (up to 35% between TDA and D(w)). In all the cases, the average diffusion coefficient obtained by TDA for a mass concentration detector was closer to the Dw value than the z-average obtained by DLS.
Range Ambiguity Smearing and Suppression: Comparison of Different Azimuth Phase Codes and Opportunities from Multi-Focus Post-Processing (2021)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing has become very attractive in Earth observation applications, since it provides high resolution imaging independent of weather conditions and sunlight illumination. However, the design of a SAR system is still constrained by nadir returns and range ambiguities, which can strongly corrupt the quality of the SAR image, if not avoided. Recently, a novel SAR concept, named waveform-encoded SAR, based on pulse-to-pulse variation of the transmitted waveform and on a dual/multi-focus post-processing, has been proposed in order to cope with these ambiguities. While some implementation issues related to waveform variation are still under analysis, this work investigates a simpler variant, where waveform encoding is replaced by azimuth phase encoding and multi-focus post-processing is always performed. In particular, the range ambiguity smearing and suppression capability of four different azimuth phase codes is investigated as a function of the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF). Some investigations based on real TerraSAR-X data simulations are performed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique in terms of ambiguity suppression and smearing.
Development of the One-Sided Nonlinear Adaptive Doppler Shift Estimation (2009)

The new development of a one-sided nonlinear adaptive shift estimation technique (NADSET) is introduced. The background of the algorithm and a brief overview of NADSET are presented. The new technique is applied to the wind parameter estimates from a 2-micron wavelength coherent Doppler lidar system called VALIDAR located in NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia. The new technique enhances wind parameters such as Doppler shift and power estimates in low Signal-To-Noise-Ratio (SNR) regimes using the estimates in high SNR regimes as the algorithm scans the range bins from low to high altitude. The original NADSET utilizes the statistics in both the lower and the higher range bins to refine the wind parameter estimates in between. The results of the two different approaches of NADSET are compared.
Discovery of Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Inhibitors with Improved Metabolic Stability (2016)

Aberrant signaling of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) has been implicated in numerous pathologies including hematological malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis. Described in this manuscript are the discovery, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of a novel series of pyridine-containing PI3Kδ inhibitors. This work led to the discovery of 35, a highly selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ which displays an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and is efficacious in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis.
<title>Computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) methods for x-ray imaging and teleradiology</title> (1998)

The development and evaluation of a new class of algorithms for computer assisted diagnostic (CAD) methods for segmentation and detection of masses in digitized mammograms is reported. Both non-adaptive and adaptive methods are reported that employ two key novel CAD modules, specifically tailored for digital mammography, namely: (a) a multiorientation directional wavelet transform for removal of directional features and for the direct detection of speculations for spiculated lesions, and (b) a multiresolution wavelet transform for image enhancement to improve the segmentation of suspicious areas. The aim of the work is to provide a brief overview of both the non-adaptive and adaptive methods and comparison of their performance using computer ROC curves. An image data base containing regions of interest (ROI), enclosing all mass types and normal tissues, was used for the relative comparison of the performance, where electronic ground truth was established. The result confirm the importance of using adaptive CAD methods that should potentially allow a more generalized and robust application for larger image data bases, images generated from different sensors, or direct X-ray detection, as required for clinical trials and teleradiology applications.
Abstract 6: Novel Tools for Generation, Purification, and Analysis of Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes (2015)

Pure and well-characterized cardiac cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are of high interest for cardiovascular disease modeling, drug safety studies and development of cell replacement strategies. Although several protocols for cardiac differentiation of hPSCs have been developed, major limitations are clone-to-clone variations in differentiation efficacy as well as heterogeneity of generated cardiomyocyte populations. Therefore, we have developed novel tools for cardiomyocyte differentiation, magnetic cell sorting-based purification and cell analysis using new antibody-conjugates enabling for flow cytometry- and immunofluorescence-based identification of cardiomyocytes and subtypes. hPSCs were maintained under xeno-free conditions in our recently developed StemMACS iPS-Brew XF medium to keep pluripotency for more than >20 passages and enable for efficient cardiac differentiation. We chose a monolayer differentiation protocol based on the timely regulated activation and inhibition of Wnt signaling by small molecules. In order to identify antibodies suitable for cardiomyocyte enrichment or depletion of non-myocytes, we performed a surface marker screen with more than 400 antibodies between days 10-20 of differentiation. Besides identification of new surface markers, our screen confirmed expression of recently published markers like CD172a and CD106. In order to evaluate kinetics of their expression and correlation with intracellular markers of cardiomyocytes and subtypes, we performed a flow cytometry-based analysis of marker expression. Our data indicate a dynamic expression pattern for both CD172a and CD106, either completely or partially overlapping with intracellular cardiomyocyte marker expression. Based on these data we developed magnetic cell separation procedures for the isolation of cardiomyocytes. Magnetically enriched cardiomyocytes initiated contractions after replating and could be stably maintained in culture. Taken together, we have developed novel tools supporting the workflow for efficient generation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes, magnetic purification and flow cytometry or immunofluorecence-based characterization of cardiomyocytes.
Lassa-Vesicular Stomatitis Chimeric Virus Safely Destroys Brain Tumors (2015)

Many viruses have been tested for their ability to target and kill cancer cells. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has shown substantial promise, but a key problem is that if it enters the brain, it can generate adverse neurologic consequences, including death. We tested a series of chimeric viruses containing genes coding for VSV, together with a gene coding for the glycoprotein from other viruses, including Ebola virus, Lassa virus, LCMV, rabies virus, and Marburg virus, which was substituted for the VSV glycoprotein gene. Ebola and Lassa chimeric viruses were safe in the brain and targeted brain tumors. Lassa-VSV was particularly effective, showed no adverse side effects even when injected directly into the brain, and targeted and destroyed two different types of deadly brain cancer, including glioblastoma and melanoma.
Isotopic separation by photopredissociation (1972)

A monochromatic source may be used to excite individual isotopic lines in a well-resolved absorption spectrum for which the upper state is predissociated. Isotopic enrichment is thus achieved in the dissociation products, which may be stable molecules or may be chemically trapped if they are reactive. As an example, isotopic separation of hydrogen and deuterium is performed by exciting formaldehyde with a frequency-doubled ruby laser.
Wireless MEMS tested within the context of a transparent sensor (2002)

The attributes of being both noninvasive and wireless provide great advantages for the MEMS pressure measurement device described. By inserting a MEMS contrivance inside a composite material, the assemblage is sheltered from the surroundings yet able to operate in harsh environments, such as in outer space. Data are presented on testing of such a system in a three point bending test to failure and comparing the MEMS reading to external and standard strain gage measurements.