gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRYOPROTECTANT PENETRATION INTO INTACT PORCINE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE (2009)

Effective cryopreservation of articular cartilage (AC) could improve clinical results of osteochondral allografting and provide a useful treatment alternative for large cartilage defects. Vitrification (a form of cryopreservation) incorporates high concentrations of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) and rapid cooling rates to preserve cells in suspended animation without detrimental ice formation. Effective vitrification requires high concentrations of CPAs within the cartilage matrix but the time-dependent toxicity of CPAs hinders their usefulness. The objective of this experiment was determine the CPA permeation parameters for four commonly used CPAs. This data will enable the use of mathematical models to develop novel vitrification procedures to preserve AC. We hypothesised that the time dependency of CPA permeation into intact AC can be determined by exposing AC to CPAs for specific times and then allowing the CPA to be removed into a known volume of PBS, the osmolarity of which is then measured. Full thickness 10mm diameter osteochondral dowels were harvested from the medial femoral condyles of sexually mature pigs. The dowels were randomly immersed in one of four CPAs (DMSO, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) for various lengths of time (1–15 min). The cartilage was then immersed in 4ml of 1X PBS in a sealed container for twenty-four hours. The equilibrated solution was measured for osmolarity. The cartilage was weighed before and after treatment and this data was used to calculate the CPA concentration within the AC. This will be repeated in triplicate. Preliminary results (minimum n=2) indicated a marked difference in permeation for the four CPAs. Ethylene glycol had the most rapid permeation with almost complete permeation (84%) within 15 min. Conversely, glycerol had the least permeation (29%) after 15 min most of which occurred within the first minute. DMSO (63%) and propylene glycol (40%) had intermediate rates of permeation that gradually increased over time. Cryoprotectant agent permeation into intact porcine AC can be calculated using the method described in this study. This will allow us to successfully document the permeation kinetics of four commonly used CPAs within intact AC. This valuable data will markedly improve our ability to create novel vitrification solutions using mathematical models to add and remove CPAs to limit their toxic effects at high concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Indene‐Based Thiazolidinethione Chiral Auxiliary for Propionate and Acetate Aldol Additions. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Control of Friction at the Atomic Scale (2004)

We will discuss techniques to control friction at the atomic scale, during sliding. The experiments involve an AFM tip sliding on a vibrating surface mounted on a piezo-element. Our theoretical/numerical results are focused on development of efficient algorithms to control friction towards targeted behaviors. We will discuss a terminal attractor algorithm to control frictional dynamics of an array of particles towards pre-assigned values of the frictional force. This control technique is robust and significantly reduces the transient time to reach the prescribed behavior. Only the average sliding velocity of the array is needed in order to apply the proposed control.
SEMICONDUCTOR WAVELENGTH TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTERS (1993)

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) lightwave transmission systems and wavelength-division (WD) photonic switching systems are attractive for improvement in line capacity for lightwave telecommunication services, because they utilize a huge wavelength (frequency) domain as signal channels. Wavelength tunable optical filters are key devices for these WDM and WD systems in direct detection scheme. In particular, semiconductor wavelength tunable optical filters are suitable for monolithic integration with photonic devices such as semiconductor lasers, switches and detectors. Also, the switching speed of wavelength is faster than that of other optical filters. This paper briefly summarizes the state-of-the-art semiconductor wavelength tunable optical filters and their applications to WD photonic switching systems.
QTY Code-designed Water-soluble Fc-fusion Cytokine Receptors Bind to their Respective Ligands (2020)

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), or 'cytokine storm', is the leading side effect during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy that is potentially life-threatening. It also plays a critical role in viral infections such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, efficient removal of excessive cytokines is essential for treatment. We previously reported a novel protein modification tool called the QTY code, through which hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile, Val and Phe are replaced by Gln (Q), Thr (T) and Tyr (Y). Thus, the functional detergent-free equivalents of membrane proteins can be designed. Here, we report the application of the QTY code on six variants of cytokine receptors, including interleukin receptors IL4Rα and IL10Rα, chemokine receptors CCR9 and CXCR2, as well as interferon receptors IFNγR1 and IFNλR1. QTY-variant cytokine receptors exhibit physiological properties similar to those of native receptors without the presence of hydrophobic segments. The receptors were fused to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein to form an antibody-like structure. These QTY code-designed Fc-fusion receptors were expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purified. The resulting water-soluble fusion receptors bind to their respective ligands with <i>K</i> <sub>d</sub> values affinity similar to isolated native receptors. Our cytokine receptor-Fc-fusion proteins potentially serve as an antibody-like decoy to dampen the excessive cytokine levels associated with CRS and COVID-19 infection.
Toward Early and Order-of-Magnitude Cascade Prediction in Social Networks (2016)

When a piece of information (microblog, photograph, video, link, etc.) starts to spread in a social network, an important question arises: will it spread to viral proportions - where viral can be defined as an order-of-magnitude increase. However, several previous studies have established that cascade size and frequency are related through a power-law - which leads to a severe imbalance in this classification problem. In this paper, we devise a suite of measurements based on structural diversity - the variety of social contexts (communities) in which individuals partaking in a given cascade engage. We demonstrate these measures are able to distinguish viral from non-viral cascades, despite the severe imbalance of the data for this problem. Further, we leverage these measurements as features in a classification approach, successfully predicting microblogs that grow from 50 to 500 reposts with precision of 0.69 and recall of 0.52 for the viral class - despite this class comprising under 2% of samples. This significantly outperforms our baseline approach as well as the current state-of-the-art. We also show this approach also performs well for identifying if cascades observed for 60 minutes will grow to 500 reposts as well as demonstrate how we can tradeoff between precision and recall.
On-Column Radioisotope Detection for Capillary Electrophoresis (1990)

Three on-line radioactivity detection schemes for capillary electrophoresis are described. The first detector system utilizes a commercially available semiconductor device positioned external to the separation channel and responding directly to impinging γ or high-energy β radiation. The second detector system utilizes a commercially available plastic scintillator material and a cooled photomultiplier tube operated in the photon counting mode. The third detector system utilizes a plastic scintillator material and two room-temperature photomultiplier tubes operated in the coincidence counting mode. The system performance and detector efficiency are evaluated for each of the detection schemes using synthetic mixtures of 32P-labeled sample molecules. The detection limits are determined to be in the low nanocurie range for separations performed under standard conditions (an injected sample quantity of 1 nanocurie corresponds to 110 x 10-18 moles of 32P). The lower limit of detection is extended to the sub-nanocurie level by using flow (voltage) programming to increase the residence time of labeled sample components in the detection volume. The separation of 32P-labeled oligonucleotide mixtures using polyacrylamide gel-filled capillaries and on-line radioisotope detection is also presented. When desired, the residence time can be made almost arbitrarily long by freezing the contents of the capillary, permitting autoradiograms to be recorded. This last technique is applied to gel-filled capillaries and provides a detection sensitivity of a few DPM per separated component, corresponding to subattomole amounts of radiolabel.
Structure–Activity Analysis of Human Ghrelin<i>O</i>-Acyltransferase Reveals Chemical Determinants of Ghrelin Selectivity and Acyl Group Recognition (2015)

Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is an integral membrane acyltransferase responsible for catalyzing a serine-octanoylation posttranslational modification within the peptide hormone ghrelin. Ghrelin requires this octanoylation for its biological activity in stimulating appetite and in regulating other physiological pathways involved in energy balance. Blocking ghrelin acylation using GOAT inhibitors is a new potential avenue to treat health conditions impacted by ghrelin signaling, such as obesity and diabetes. Designing novel and potent GOAT inhibitors as potential therapeutics requires insight into the interactions between the ghrelin and octanoyl coenzyme A substrates and the GOAT active site. Through structure-activity investigation of ghrelin-mimetic peptide substrates and inhibitors, we have analyzed the amino acid selectivity of the enzyme as well as the functional groups involved in substrate recognition by human GOAT (hGOAT). This analysis reveals that hGOAT both prefers and tolerates a distinct set of chemical properties at each position within the N-terminal sequence of ghrelin and that sequence elements downstream of the ghrelin N-terminal sequence contribute to ghrelin binding to hGOAT. We also found that the hGOAT active site exhibits a marked preference for binding an eight-carbon acyl chain, which potentially explains the biological observation of ghrelin octanoylation in light of the acyl donor promiscuity reported for GOAT. Bioinformatics analysis, guided by our reactivity data, supports the conclusion that ghrelin is a unique substrate for hGOAT within the human proteome, providing further justification for the ghrelin-hGOAT system as a desirable drug target. By defining an array of substrate-enzyme interactions used by hGOAT to bind, recognize, and acylate ghrelin, this study yields novel insight into the character of the hGOAT active site that can serve as a guide toward the rational design of hGOAT inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Documenting the Scope of the Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation. (1989)

Abstract Various olefinic compounds, e.g. (I), are dihydroxylated with N‐methylmorpholine N‐oxide in the presence of osmium tetroxide and a dihydroquinidine ester, forming the chiral diols (II).
Effect of Al Content on Tensile Properties of TiAl (Mn) Intermetallics Produced by a Reactive Sintering Using Na-reduced Ti Powders. (1994)

Effect of Al content on the microstructure and room temperature tensile properties has been investigated using a series of titanium aluminides containing 40 to 53mo1%Al (Mn/Al=0.04)produced via a reactive sintering process.A sodium reduced titanium powder is used as a starting elemental titanium powder.The alloy having 40mol%A1 exhibits a coarse a 2 structure in addition to a duplex structure consisted of the lamellar grains and equiaxed grains.When Al content ranges from 42 to 50 mol%, the duplex structure is developed, and the volume fraction of equiaxed grains increases with increasing Al content.A single phase structure(equiaxed )is observed in the alloy containing 53mo1%Al.Tensile strength rises with increasing Al content up to 43.4mol%Al, after which the strength drops as Al content is increased.Elongation to fracture shows a similar tendency to the strength, although the maximum peak of elongation appears at 45mo1%Al.
Effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on meiotic arrest and developmental competence of bovine oocyte derived from small and medium follicles (2020)

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on meiotic arrest and developmental competence of bovine oocyte derived from follicles of different sizes. Collected immature cumulus-oocyte complexes from small follicles (< 3 mm) and medium follicles (3-8 mm) were cultured for 6 h in basal medium supplementated without or with 200 nM CNP. We observed that CNP effectively sustained meiotic arrest at germinal vesicle stage in in vitro cultured bovine oocytes from follicles of different sizes. Moreover, CNP treatment significantly improved the levels of cGMP in both cumulus cells and oocytes, as well as the levels of cAMP in oocytes regardless of follicle size. Based on the above results, we tested the effect of a novel in vitro maturation (IVM) system based on CNP-pretreatment, including a pre-IVM phase for 6 h using 200 nM CNP, followed by a extended IVM phase for 28 h, on developmental competence of bovine oocyte derived from small follicles (< 3 mm) and medium follicles (3-8 mm) compared to standard IVM system. The results showed that athough the novel IVM system based on CNP-pretreatment enhanced the developmental potencial of oocytes obtained from large follicles, but had no effect on the developmental comptence of oocytes obtained from small follicles.
An Efficient Maximum Likelihood CFO Estimation Technique for OFDMA Uplink Transmissions (2008)

We propose a null subcarrier based carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation technique for the uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication system. Here each user may experience a different CFO relative to the base station. This results in a multiple parameter estimation problem. The estimation is done by minimizing a cost function that computes the energy in null subcarrier locations due to the impact of frequency offset. The computational complexity and training overhead of the proposed technique are much lower as compared to some of the existing schemes in the literature. The mean square error of the CFO estimator and bit error rate performance of the OFDMA receiver that employs the proposed estimation scheme are studied through computer simulations. Our algorithm is shown to achieve a comparable performance as that of a recently reported method but with a much lower computational complexity and bandwidth overhead.
Interleukin 27 as a Sepsis Diagnostic Biomarker in Critically Ill Adults (2013)

When used in combination with PCT, IL-27 may improve classification of critically ill adults with sepsis secondary to a nonlung source of infection.
Clinical applications of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) limb blood flowmeter (1979)

The principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been employed in the design of noninvasive blood flowmeters. This paper describes an NMR limb blood flowmeter which has been used in statistical studies of normal volunteers, and diagnostically on patients with a variety of circulatory problems. Quantitative blood flow measurements are comparable to those obtained by other methods such as indicitor dilution, radioactvive clearance, and water, strain gauge, capacitance, and air plethysmography.
Absence of relaxation oscillation in quantum cascade lasers verified by high-frequency modulation (2001)

Summary form only given. The characteristic absence of relaxation oscillation peak in quantum cascade lasers is demonstrated for the first time by high-speed modulation response measurements along with its digital high-speed data transmission capability (2.5 Gbit/s).
Cross-lingual Transfer of Named Entity Recognizers without Parallel Corpora (2015)

Ayah Zirikly, Masato Hagiwara. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2015.
Daidzin and its antidipsotropic analogs inhibit serotonin and dopamine metabolism in isolated mitochondria (1998)

Daidzin, a major active principle of an ancient Chinese herbal treatment (Radix puerariae) for alcohol abuse, selectively suppresses ethanol intake in all rodent models tested. It also inhibits mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2). Studies on ethanol intake suppression and ALDH-2 inhibition by structural analogs of daidzin established a link between these two activities and suggested that daidzin may suppress ethanol intake by inhibiting ALDH-2. ALDH-2 is a principal enzyme involved in serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) metabolism. Thus, daidzin may act by inhibiting 5-HT and DA metabolism. To evaluate this possibility, we have studied the effect of daidzin and its analogs on 5-HT and DA metabolism in isolated hamster and rat liver mitochondria. Daidzin potently inhibits the formation of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) from their respective amines in isolated mitochondria. Inhibition is concentration-dependent and is accompanied by a concomitant accumulation of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. Daidzin analogs that suppress hamster ethanol intake also inhibit 5-HIAA and DOPAC formation. Comparing their effects on mitochondria-catalyzed 5-HIAA or DOPAC formation and hamster ethanol intake reveals a positive correlation-the stronger the inhibition on 5-HIAA or DOPAC formation, the greater the ethanol intake suppression. Daidzin and its active analogs, at concentrations that significantly inhibit 5-HIAA formation, have little or no effect on mitochondria-catalyzed 5-HT depletion. It appears that the antidipsotropic action of daidzin is not mediated by 5-HT (or DA) but rather by its reactive intermediates 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetaldehyde and, presumably, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde as well, which accumulates in the presence of daidzin.
Cellular Authentication for Mobile and Internet Services (2008)

An invaluable reference discussing the Generic Authentication Architecture (GAA), its infrastructure, usage and integration into existing networksCellular Authentication for Mobile and Internet Services introduces the reader into the field of secure communication for mobile applications, including secure web browsing with a phone or PC, Single Sign-On (SSO), mobile broadcast content protection, secure location services, etc. The book discusses the Generic Authentication Architecture (GAA) of the mobile standardization body 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and its American counterpart 3GPP2 in full detail and with all variants. It explains the usage of GAA by various standardization bodies and standardized applications, and also looks at a number of non-standardized ones, such as secure remote login to enterprise environment and card personalization.Cellular Authentication for Mobile and Internet Services:Describes the usage of the generic authentication architecture (GAA) by various standardization bodies and standardized applications, covering mobile broadcast / multicast service security, Single Sign-On, HTTPS (i.e. secure web browsing), secure data access, secure location services, etc Provides guidance on how to integrate the generic authentication into existing and future terminals, networks and applications Explains the functionality of the application security in general as well as on application developer level Describes various business scenarios and related security solutions, and covers secure application implementation and integration Brings together essential information (currently scattered across different standardization bodies) on standards in one comprehensive volume This excellent all-in-one reference will provide system and protocol designers, application developers, senior software project managers, telecommunication managers and ISP managers with a sound introduction into the field of secure communication for mobile applications. System integrators, advanced students, Ph.D. candidates, and professors of computer science or telecommunications will also find this text very useful.
Communication Efficient Secret Sharing (2015)

A secret sharing scheme is a method to store information securely and reliably. Particularly, in a threshold secret sharing scheme, a secret is encoded into $n$ shares, such that any set of at least $t_1$ shares suffice to decode the secret, and any set of at most $t_2 < t_1$ shares reveal no information about the secret. Assuming that each party holds a share and a user wishes to decode the secret by receiving information from a set of parties; the question we study is how to minimize the amount of communication between the user and the parties. We show that the necessary amount of communication, termed "decoding bandwidth", decreases as the number of parties that participate in decoding increases. We prove a tight lower bound on the decoding bandwidth, and construct secret sharing schemes achieving the bound. Particularly, we design a scheme that achieves the optimal decoding bandwidth when $d$ parties participate in decoding, universally for all $t_1 \le d \le n$. The scheme is based on Shamir's secret sharing scheme and preserves its simplicity and efficiency. In addition, we consider secure distributed storage where the proposed communication efficient secret sharing schemes further improve disk access complexity during decoding.
Synergistic Combination of Electrolysis and Electroporation for Tissue Ablation (2016)

Electrolysis, electrochemotherapy with reversible electroporation, nanosecond pulsed electric fields and irreversible electroporation are valuable non-thermal electricity based tissue ablation technologies. This paper reports results from the first large animal study of a new non-thermal tissue ablation technology that employs "Synergistic electrolysis and electroporation" (SEE). The goal of this pre-clinical study is to expand on earlier studies with small animals and use the pig liver to establish SEE treatment parameters of clinical utility. We examined two SEE methods. One of the methods employs multiple electrochemotherapy-type reversible electroporation magnitude pulses, designed in such a way that the charge delivered during the electroporation pulses generates the electrolytic products. The second SEE method combines the delivery of a small number of electrochemotherapy magnitude electroporation pulses with a low voltage electrolysis generating DC current in three different ways. We show that both methods can produce lesion with dimensions of clinical utility, without the need to inject drugs as in electrochemotherapy, faster than with conventional electrolysis and with lower electric fields than irreversible electroporation and nanosecond pulsed ablation.