gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the noise source in the electrocardiogram during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2002)

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the electrocardiogram (ECG) is often obscured by noise. This noise is in the form of baseline variations in the ECG, which often necessitate stopping chest compressions to adequately assess the ECG. Because survival from cardiac arrest has been shown to be related to blood flow generated during CPR, and because interruption of chest compressions will reduce blood flow, survival may be compromised by these interruptions. Three possible sources for the noise were considered: the heart, which is deformed during CPR, which may introduce a mechanical-electrical interaction and alter the normal electrical pattern of the heart; the thoracic cavity, which may have large impedance variations because of CPR and thereby modulate the ECG; and the skin-electrode interface, which may be mechanically disturbed during CPR and thus produce polarization potentials that cause additional noise. CPR studies were performed on five dogs by using four different test conditions and six different types of electrodes. The test conditions were: electrode motion, which allowed mechanical disturbances of the skin-electrode interface without altering the thoracic impedance or deforming the heart; vest CPR; manual CPR; and respiration. The myocardial ECG, the bipolar and unipolar surface ECGs, and the thoracic impedance were monitored. Different types of surface ECG electrodes were used to determine whether the noise was dependent on electrode type or size. There were no baseline variations in the myocardial ECG during any of the test conditions. The thoracic impedance did vary during CPR, but the variations were temporally uncorrelated to the baseline variations in the ECG, and the variations were of similar magnitude as the variations caused by respiration, which produced no baseline changes in the ECG. Finally, the magnitude of the baseline variations in the ECG was substantially different for electrodes of different sizes and shapes, and electrode motion produced baseline variations that were identical to those produced during CPR. Therefore, it was concluded that the source of the noise in the ECG during CPR is the skin-electrode interface and, specifically, that the noise is related to the electrical properties of the electrode.
An efficient protocol for radiochromic film dosimetry combining calibration and measurement in a single scan (2012)

The authors have developed a simplified and efficient protocol to measure doses delivered by an IMRT or VMAT plan using only the patient film, one calibration film, one unexposed film, and applying a single scan to acquire a digital image for calculation and analysis. The simplification and timesaving offer a potential practical solution for using radiochromic film for routine treatment plan quality assurance without sacrificing spatial resolution for convenience.
Single-Readout High-Density Memristor Crossbar (2016)

High-density memristor-crossbar architecture is a very promising technology for future computing systems. The simplicity of the gateless-crossbar structure is both its principal advantage and the source of undesired sneak-paths of current. This parasitic current could consume an enormous amount of energy and ruin the readout process. We introduce new adaptive-threshold readout techniques that utilize the locality and hierarchy properties of the computer-memory system to address the sneak-paths problem. The proposed methods require a single memory access per pixel for an array readout. Besides, the memristive crossbar consumes an order of magnitude less power than state-of-the-art readout techniques.
A multi-hysteresis VCCS and its application to multi-scroll chaotic oscillators (2009)

We propose a multi-hysteresis voltage controlled current source (multi-hysteresis VCCS). The multi-hysteresis VCCS consists of multiple single-hysteresis VCCSs in parallel. The multi-hysteresis VCCS can exhibit various kinds of i - v characteristics. In addition, we introduce a chaotic oscillator by applying the multi-hysteresis VCCSs. The proposed oscillator is suitable for the IC implementation. A fully-differential multiscroll chaotic oscillator circuit is designed. The SPICE simulation results confirm the multi-hysteresis characteristics and various chaotic attractors.
A Monolithic 6 GHz Quadrature Frequency Doubler With Adjustable Phase Offset (2006)

A 6 GHz frequency doubler with quadrature outputs generated from a differential single phase input is presented. The phase offset between the in-phase and quadrature outputs can be digitally controlled in linear steps for use in an automated calibration algorithm. The design nominally achieves standard deviations in quadrature phase error and amplitude balance of 0.4/spl deg/ and 0.1dB, respectively. This is demonstrated with a single sideband (SSB) mixer that realizes an average uncalibrated sideband rejection of 48.2 dB which improves to 55.8 dB post-calibration under nominal conditions.
Magnetically transduced surface acoustic wave devices (1999)

A novel type of surface acoustic wave (SAW) device is introduced, in which coupling between the transducer and the acoustic medium is achieved using a magnetostrictive thin film. These MTSAW (magnetically-transduced SAW) devices have several advantages over conventional piezoelectric SAWs, and may expand the functionality of SAW devices in general. Several possible designs are presented, along with data from two prototypes. Results from these devices are promising, and indicate that several acoustic modes, both surface and bulk, can be stimulated.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Containing Nucleic Acids: Synthesis of Cyanoborane Adducts of 2′‐Deoxynucleosides. (1990)

Abstract Four novel boronated nucleosides (III) and (IV) are prepared.
Structure of pseudomonic acid, an antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens (1974)

The antibiotic, pseudomonic acid, produced by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, is shown to have structure (1a).
Autonomous maximum power point tracking algorithm for ultra-low power energy harvesting (2017)

An ultra-low power autonomous MPPT algorithm that maximizes the efficiency of a monolithic 0.98 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> solar harvester is presented. Using only the pn-junctions of the standard 130 nm single n-well process, the monolithic harvester can serve as supply for wireless sensor grains. Based on the perturbation and observation method, the MPPT algorithm maximizes the output current of the integrated charge pump. The proposed approach inherently optimizes the system efficiency by automatically considering parasitic losses and source characteristics while requiring less than 100 nA supply current. This paper includes a theory section describing the maximum power flow from the illuminated pn-junction to an on-chip charge pump capacitor. Based on these results the analog algorithm is determined and described in detail introducing a resistorless high side current sensor for 100 nA to 1 mA. Concluding with measurement results regarding the tracking efficiency, a maximum deviation from the simulated loaded optimum input voltage of 3% is shown.
Application and Interpretation of Continuous Oxygen Activation Logs for Measuring Complex Water Flow Profiles in Injection Wells (1994)

Abstract A continuous oxygen activation method of measuring water injection flow profiles in complex single and dual completion injection wells has been developed. The method allows deconvolution of superimposed activation signals originating from simultaneous, co-directional water flow in the tubing and tubing-casing annulus for a continuous log of annular water velocity. The theoretical basis of the measurement is reviewed and field examples are analyzed and interpreted. The examples of single and dual string completions demonstrate the measurement of continuous annular injection profiles in the presence of co-directional tubing flow and diagnosis of mechanical problems such as plug leaks and tubing-tubing communication.
Mode Locked Fiber Laser Gyroscope (1993)

We describe a new form of an all-fiber-optic gyroscope that utilizes a fiber laser. The Sagnac interferometer is used as a loop reflector with a modulated reflectivity to produce actively mode-locked optical pulses. The rotation-induced phase shift is obtained from the timing shift of the pulses. Experimental results compare well with the theoretical predictions.
Photovoltaic Device with over 5% Efficiency Based on an n‐Type Ag<sub>2</sub>ZnSnSe<sub>4</sub> Absorber (2016)

The kesterite material Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 (CZTSSe) is an attractive earth‐abundant semiconductor for photovoltaics. However, the power conversion efficiency is limited by a large density of I–II antisite defects, which cause severe band tailing and open‐circuit voltage loss. Ag 2 ZnSnSe 4 (AZTSe) is a promising alternative to CZTSSe with a substantially lower I–II antisite defect density and smaller band tailing. AZTSe is weakly n‐type, and this study reports for the first time on how the carrier density is impacted by stoichiometry. This study presents the first‐ever photovoltaic device based on AZTSe, which exhibits an efficiency of 5.2%, which is the highest value reported for an n‐type thin‐film absorber. Due to the weakly n‐type nature of the absorber, a new architecture is employed (SnO:F/AZTSe/MoO 3 /ITO) to replace conventional contacts and buffer materials. Using this platform, it is shown that the band tailing parameter in AZTSe more closely resembles that of CIGSe than CZTSSe, underscoring the strong promise of this absorber. In demonstrating the ability to collect photogenerated carriers from AZTSe, this study paves the way for novel thin‐film heterojunction architectures where light absorption in the n‐type device layer can supplement absorption in the p‐type layer as opposed to producing a net optical loss.
A Portable Neutron Spectrometer/Dosimeter (1983)

As part of the continuing DOE effort to upgrade personnel neutron dosimetry, the Health Division at Los Alamos has developed a portable, battery-operated, computerized neutron spectrometer/dosimeter. The instrument has a built-in tissue-equivalent LET neutron detector, 128-channel pulse height analyzer with integral liquid crystal display, and a microcomputer system which calculates dose and dose rate from neutrons incident on the detector. The instrument will, at the user's option, display a raw data spectrum or a spectrum of rad or rem as a function of keV per micron of equivalent tissue. The dosimeter will also calculate and display accumulated dose in millirad and millirem, as well as giving the user neutron dose rates in millirad and millirem per hour.
Genetic influences on bone density: physiological correlates of vitamin D receptor gene alleles in premenopausal women. (1995)

Common vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles have recently been shown to contribute to the genetic variability in bone mass and bone turnover, however, the physiological mechanisms involved are unknown. To examine this, the response to 7 days of 2 micrograms oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D[1,25-(OH)2D] (calcitriol) stimulation was assessed in 21 premenopausal women, homozygous for one or other of the common VDR alleles (bb, n = 11; BB, n = 10). Indices of bone turnover and calcium homeostasis were measured during 2 weeks. Baseline osteocalcin, 1,25-(OH)2D, type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide, and inorganic phosphate levels were significantly higher and spinal bone mineral density was significantly lower in the BB allelic group. After calcitriol administration, similar levels of 1,25-(OH)2D were attained throughout the study in both genotypic groups. The increase in serum osteocalcin levels in the BB group was significantly less than that in the bb group (11% vs. 32%, P = 0.01). The genotype-related baseline difference in osteocalcin levels was not apparent at the similar serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels. By contrast, the baseline differences in phosphate and type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide persisted throughout the study. Serum ionized calcium levels did not differ between genotypes, nor did it move out of normal range values. However, parathyroid hormone was less suppressed in the low bone density group (38% vs. 11%, P = 0.01). These data indicate that the VDR alleles are associated with differences in the vitamin D endocrine system and may have important implications in relation to the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
Sensitive clock recovery for multi-rate DPSK optical receivers (2015)

Robust clock recovery is essential for optical receivers that can operate over a wide range of data rates. The multi-rate burst-mode DPSK format that is finding applications in NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) leverages a single optically-preamplified receiver that can maintain nearly theoretical performance for data rates spanning more than two orders of magnitude. Clock recovery of this versatile format needs to function both in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and in high-power regimes, and needs to be able to accommodate a wide variation of rate-dependent peak-to-average powers as well as operation over intermittent fading channels. This can be achieved with traditional analog phase-locked-loop techniques as well as gated approaches that offer lower jitter, which is helpful for stressing low-data-rate applications. This paper presents an overview of clock recovery approaches for multi-rate DPSK receivers, an analysis of expected performance, and measured results.
Regulating Protein Stability in Mammalian Cells Using Small Molecules (2009)

INTRODUCTION Regulating protein stability using small molecules provides a rapid, reversible, and tunable method to study a protein of interest’s (POI) role in cells. We recently designed a small protein domain based on the 12-kDa FKBP (FK506 binding protein) that can be fused at either the carboxyl or amino terminus of a protein of interest. This destabilization domain (DD) confers instability to fusion protein partners. The method described here explains how to use a DD fusion to control the biological activity of a POI. In the absence of a small molecule ligand, the DD is unstable and directs the fusion protein for degradation. Addition of the ligand stabilizes the DD, allowing the fusion protein to accumulate in cells and the POI to exert its biological effect. The ligand is specific for the DD and has no detectable off-target effects. By utilizing the specificity of genetic fusion and the speed of small molecule binding, this technique provides an alternative to RNA interference to study a POI’s role in cells.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of HgcA and HgcB Reveals Amino Acid Residues Important for Mercury Methylation (2015)

Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that is produced by anaerobic microorganisms from inorganic mercury by a recently discovered pathway. A two-gene cluster, consisting of hgcA and hgcB, encodes two of the proteins essential for this activity. hgcA encodes a corrinoid protein with a strictly conserved cysteine proposed to be the ligand for cobalt in the corrinoid cofactor, whereas hgcB encodes a ferredoxin-like protein thought to be an electron donor to HgcA. Deletion of either gene eliminates mercury methylation by the methylator Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132. Here, site-directed mutants of HgcA and HgcB were constructed to determine amino acid residues essential for mercury methylation. Mutations of the strictly conserved residue Cys93 in HgcA, the proposed ligand for the corrinoid cobalt, to Ala or Thr completely abolished the methylation capacity, but a His substitution produced measurable methylmercury. Mutations of conserved amino acids near Cys93 had various impacts on the methylation capacity but showed that the structure of the putative "cap helix" region harboring Cys93 is crucial for methylation function. In the ferredoxin-like protein HgcB, only one of two conserved cysteines found at the C terminus was necessary for methylation, but either cysteine sufficed. An additional, strictly conserved cysteine, Cys73, was also determined to be essential for methylation. This study supports the previously predicted importance of Cys93 in HgcA for methylation of mercury and reveals additional residues in HgcA and HgcB that facilitate the production of this neurotoxin.
Field-induced microdomain liquid-crystal display modes (2003)

The electro-optical characteristics of field-induced microdomain liquid-crystal display modes are investigated. One side of the substrate has radial electrodes and the other side has concentric electrodes. Large numbers of multidomain structures are induced in one pixel. The electric field gradually decreases from the center to the outer multidomains due to the radial electrodes. The contrast ratio of the homeotropic alignment cell is 210:1. Symmetric viewing angle characteristics without gray scale inversion are also obtained.
Broadband waveplate lenses (2016)

We report on lenses that operate over the visible wavelength band from 450 nm to beyond 700 nm, and other lenses that operate over a wide region in the near-infrared from 650 nm to beyond 1000 nm. Lenses were recorded in liquid crystal polymer layers only a few micrometers thick, using laser-based photoalignment and UV photopolymerization. Waveplate lenses allowed focusing and defocusing laser beams depending on the sign of the circularity of laser beam polarization. Diffraction efficiency of recorded waveplate lenses was up to 90% and contrast ratio was up to 500:1.
Power Grid Online Surveillance Through PMU-Embedded Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Power grid operation continuously undergoes state transitions caused by internal and external uncertainties, e.g., equipment failures and weather-driven faults, among others. This prompts an observation of different types of waveforms at the measurement points (substations) in power systems. Modern power systems utilize phasor measurement units (PMUs) and intelligent electronic devices embedded with PMU functionality to capture the corresponding peculiarities through synchrophasor measurements. However, existing PMU devices are equipped with only one synchrophasor estimation algorithm (SEA) and are, thus, not always robust to handle different types of signals across the network. This article proposes a PMU-embedded framework that ensures real-time grid surveillance and potentially enables adaptive selection of preinstalled SEAs in the PMU. Therefore, it ensures high-fidelity measurements at all times and irrespective of the input signals. Our proposed framework consists of: 1) a pseudocontinuous quadrature wavelet transform which generates the featured scalograms and 2) a convolutional neural network for event classification based on the extracted features in the scalograms. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves high classification accuracy on multiple types of prevailing events in power grids, through which an enhanced grid-scale situational awareness in real time can be realized.
An EM Algorithm-Based Channel Estimation for OFDM Amplify-And-Forward Relaying Systems (2010)

The issue of channel estimation is investigated for the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) relaying system with amplify-and-forward (AF) operation mode. Channel estimation in the AF mode is unique in that both the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination channels are needed at the destination in order to perform optimum combining of the received signals from the direct (source-to-destination) and relay paths if a cooperative diversity transmission is employed. Until now, however, there have been only literatures to study the estimation of the composite channel of the relay path. In this work, an iterative expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm-based channel estimation is proposed for respective estimations of the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links at the destination. Computer simulations show that the iterative channel estimator performs satisfactorily and converges rapidly.
Development of Integrated Direct Current Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Gradiometer for Nondestructive Evaluation (1996)

A Direct Current Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (DC-SQUID) gradiometer for nondestructive evaluation was developed. A pick-up coil and a DC-SQUID were integrated on a 3×3 mm 2 Si chip. In order to raise the spatial resolution of the gradiometer, a coplanar concentric second-order derivative coil was adopted as a pick-up coil. The pick-up coil consisted of a one-turn outer coil and a four-turn inner coil connected in series and counterclockwise to each other. The diameters of the outer coil and the inner coil were 2 mm and 1 mm, respectively. The size of the pick-up coil was determined by calculating the spatial resolution in relation to the bottom thickness of the cryostat. The high spatial resolution of the DC-SQUID gradiometer was experimentally confirmed.
Accurate Estimation of Running Temporal Parameters Using Foot-Worn Inertial Sensors (2018)

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of different kinematic features measured by foot-worn inertial sensors for detecting running gait temporal events (e.g., initial contact, terminal contact) in order to estimate inner-stride phases duration (e.g., contact time, flight time, swing time, step time). Forty-one healthy adults ran multiple trials on an instrumented treadmill while wearing one inertial measurement unit on the dorsum of each foot. Different algorithms for the detection of initial contact and terminal contact were proposed, evaluated and compared with a reference-threshold on the vertical ground reaction force. The minimum of the pitch angular velocity within the first and second half of a mid-swing to mid-swing cycle were identified as the most precise features for initial and terminal contact detection with an inter-trial median ± IQR precision of 2 ± 1 ms and 4 ± 2 ms respectively. Using these initial and terminal contact features, this study showed that the ground contact time, flight time, step and swing time can be estimated with an inter-trial median ± IQR bias less than 12 ± 10 ms and the a precision less than 4 ± 3 ms. Finally, this study showed that the running speed can significantly affect the biases of the estimations, suggesting that a speed-dependent correction should be applied to improve the system's accuracy.
Sodium nitrate containing mixture for producing ceramic-glass-ceramic seal by microwave heating (1984)

A mixture for, and method of using such a mixture, for producing a ceramic-glass-ceramic seal by the use of microwave energy are disclosed, wherein the mixture comprises a glass sealing material, a coupling agent, and an oxidizer. The seal produced exhibits greater strength due to its different microstructure. Sodium nitrate is the most preferred oxidizer.
Effect of buspirone on sexual dysfunction in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (1987)

After 4 weeks' treatment with buspirone, sexual function was normalized in 8 of 10 patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Nine of the patients had reported decreased sexual function before treatment. Buspirone appears to offer a clinical advantage over existing anxiolytics, which are usually associated with impairment of sexual function.
Wide temperature (25–85 <b>°</b> C)/coolerless operation of 100 Gbit/s DWDM photonic integrated circuit (2005)

A 10-channel dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) photonic integrated circuit is demonstrated that is capable of transmitting data at 10 Gbit/s per channel for an aggregate data transmission rate of 100 Gbit/s, operating without temperature stabilisation between 25 and 85°C.
Lysine-functionalized nanodiamonds as gene carriers: development of stable colloidal dispersion for in vitro cellular uptake studies and siRNA delivery application (2016)

This study establishes that dispersion of lys-NDs in aqueous medium maintains long-term stability and also provides evidence that lysine functionalization enables NDs to interact effectively with the biological system to be used for RNAi therapeutics.