gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virus interactions with membrane filters (1968)

Abstract A survey of interactions of membrane filters with viruses has included 28 types of membranes, 4 types of enteroviruses, and 1 reovirus. Losses of these viruses in filtration, due to adsorption to the filter membranes, appear to be governed by three factors: the chemical composition of the filter membrane, the ratio of pore diameter to the diameter of the virus particle, and the presence of substances, such as those occurring in serum, which interfere with adsorption. Membranes of cellulose triacetate and of certain other materials have a very low affinity for these viruses. Cellulose triacetate filters adsorb virtually none when the pore size exceeds the virus diameter by a factor of more than 3. At porosities nearer the virus diameter, even low‐affinity membranes adsorb large quantities of virus unless serum or some other additive interferes. Cellulose nitrate membranes, in the absence of interfering substances, adsorb enterovirus significantly at a pore size 285 times the virus diameter.
Supporting periodic, strong re-authentication in MANET scenarios (2010)

A Security Association (SA), established by strong authentication, between a node pair in a Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) could be lost when its route is disconnected. In contrast, in good channel conditions and stable topology, routing protocols such as the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) do not refresh routes periodically, and in doing so, an SA bound to these routes could become stale and out of date. In this paper we demonstrate a decoupling of the maintenance of the SAs from the link state conditions by introducing a timer that defines the lifetime of the SAs, as well as the periodicity of strong authentications. This timer is implemented within a state machine that also manages other aspects of the authentication process. We implement these changes using a Trust-enhanced Routing Table (TRT), an extension of the OLSR routing table. The state machine and TRT are trialed in a series of MANET simulations in which the topology of the network remains static but channel conditions are made progressively less favorable. By varying the allowed SA duration timer within the state machine, we are able to measure the overhead (cost) associated with maintaining SAs in varying channel conditions. We show that the costs associated with our implementation are generally far lower than if we were to link SAs to standard OLSR routes in the same conditions. Since the allowed lifetime of SA is a security parameter, our results effectively demonstrate a trade-off between security and overhead for our model. Our implementation is designed to be further, and easily, extended to account for additional security parameters as input.
A Rapid Seedling Screening Method for Determination of Fungal Endophyte Viability (1996)

Infection of turf and forage grasses with Acremonium Link:Fr. and Epichloe (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. fungal endophytes is often desirable because it confers enhanced insect tolerance to these plants. Determination of the viability of the endophytes in seed lots is important for commercial producers and consumers of seed. A current method of determining viability relies on staining leaf sheath epidermal peels for the presence of endophyte hyphae. It is difficult to obtain an epidermal peel from a young seedling, so plants must often be grown for several months before checking for viability. The objective of this study was to develop a method of screening very young seedlings for endophyte viability. Here it is reported that endophyte viability could be determined within 2 to 3 wk of germination by staining intact leaf sheath tissue with an alkaline rose bengal stain. This method of endophyte detection allows a more rapid assessment of percentage of viable endophyte in a seed lot.
Coenzyme Q10 restores oocyte mitochondrial function and fertility during reproductive aging (2015)

Female reproductive capacity declines dramatically in the fourth decade of life as a result of an age-related decrease in oocyte quality and quantity. The primary causes of reproductive aging and the molecular factors responsible for decreased oocyte quality remain elusive. Here, we show that aging of the female germ line is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction associated with decreased oxidative phosphorylation and reduced Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) level. Diminished expression of the enzymes responsible for CoQ production, Pdss2 and Coq6, was observed in oocytes of older females in both mouse and human. The age-related decline in oocyte quality and quantity could be reversed by the administration of CoQ10. Oocyte-specific disruption of Pdss2 recapitulated many of the mitochondrial and reproductive phenotypes observed in the old females including reduced ATP production and increased meiotic spindle abnormalities, resulting in infertility. Ovarian reserve in the oocyte-specific Pdss2-deficient animals was diminished, leading to premature ovarian failure which could be prevented by maternal dietary administration of CoQ10. We conclude that impaired mitochondrial performance created by suboptimal CoQ10 availability can drive age-associated oocyte deficits causing infertility.
Toxicity, immunogenicity, and induction of E75-specific tumor-lytic CTLs by HER-2 peptide E75 (369-377) combined with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in HLA-A2+ patients with metastatic breast and ovarian cancer. (2002)

To determine the toxicity and immunogenicity of the HER-2/neu, HLA-A2-restricted peptide E75 in patients with metastatic breast and ovarian cancer, 14 patients were vaccinated with escalating amounts of E75 (100, 500, and 1000 microg) mixed with 250 microg granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjuvant. Each vaccine dose was administered in a total volume of 1.5 ml divided into four intradermal injections and administered weekly for 4 weeks, followed by monthly boosts for a total of 10 injections. Vaccinations were well tolerated without significant toxicity. Blood was drawn before, at 8 weeks, and up to 13-16 months after vaccination for measurement of cellular immunity. Seven of 8 patients tested had significant delayed type hypersensitivity to E75 defined as >5 mm induration. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 5 of 9 patients tested proliferated to E75 with a stimulation index of > or = 2.0. Of 8 vaccinated patients tested for induction of a CTL response, 4 responded to stimulation by autologous dendritic cells plus cytokines by eliciting E75-specific lytic activity consistent with the presence of activated/memory cells, 2 others after in vitro stimulation with E75 + interleukin-12 +/- anti-CD152(33KD), whereas 2 others did not respond. Four patients with E75-specific CTLs present specifically recognized E75 on indicator tumors as demonstrated by cold-target inhibition of tumor lysis. These 4 patients showed E75-specific IFN-gamma production. peripheral blood mononuclear cell from 3 of these patients proliferated to E75, but stimulation indices were higher in the prevaccine samples. All 4 of the patients showed DTH responses to E75. These results demonstrate that vaccination with E75+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor can induce both peptide-specific IFN-gamma and epitope specific CTLs, which lyse HER-2/neu+ tumors in stage IV patients.
Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland (2005)

ABSTRACT Among 1,272 H. influenzae isolates obtained from patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 5.6% were found to be encapsulated. The most common were serotypes b (40.3%) and e (38.9%) followed by serotypes f (16.7%) and d (4.1%). All encapsulated isolates within a particular serotype showed high genetic homogeneity and did not produce β-lactamases.
Making the MPC upgrade: 10 top kits and complete systems for bringing multimedia to the PC (1993)

Psychological stress has been associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and impaired cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. There is also evidence suggesting that intermittent chronic stress differentially alters CMI across different immune compartments, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been explored in detail. In the present study, we investigated (i) acute and chronic restraint stress effects in Sprague-Dawley rats on both peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and splenocyte mitogen-induced proliferation and (ii) also determined whether differential stress effects within these immune compartments might reflect alterations in lymphocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids. It was found that while acute stress exposure significantly raised plasma corticosterone levels (1048% vs. controls, P<.001), this response was attenuated in the animals previously exposed to chronic intermittent stress (-79.66% vs. acute; P<.001). Acute stress increased phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen (69.04%, P=.01) and suppressed PBL proliferation (-45.52%, P<.001). Neither of these changes were observed following chronic stress. We also demonstrated that reexposure to the stressor rapidly increased splenocyte sensitivity to in vitro dexamethasone (P<.05) and corticosterone (P<.05) in chronically stressed rats. Our data (1) confirm that acute stress is associated with compartment-specific changes in CMI function, (2) indicate that chronic stress is associated with habituated endocrine and immune responses and (3) that stressor exposure rapidly alters splenocyte sensitivity to glucocorticoids and we suggest that the latter may contribute to differential stress effects across immune compartments.
In Vitro and in Vivo Antiestrogenic Effects of Polycyclic Musks in Zebrafish (2003)

The polycyclic musks 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline (AHTN) and 1,2,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran (HHCB) are used as fragrance ingredients in perfumes, soaps, and household cleaning products. They are known to be ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment, and because of their lipophilic nature, they tend to bioaccumulate in aquatic biota. In surface waters, concentrations between 1 ng/L and 5 microg/L have been found, depending mainly on the proportion of sewage effluents in the water. In fish, under normal environmental conditions, concentrations in the microgram per kilogram fresh weight (fw) range are found. In a previous study we showed that AHTN and HHCB exert mainly antiestrogenic effects on the human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in an in vitro reporter gene assay. In the current study, we assessed the in vitro antiestrogenic effects of both musks on zebrafish ERs. Antagonism was observed on zfERbeta, and more pronounced on the newly cloned zfERgamma. Using a transgenic zebrafish assay, we studied antiestrogenicity of the musks in vivo. Dose-dependent antagonistic effects were observed at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 microM AHTN and HHCB. GC-MS analysis showed that the musks bioaccumulated in the fish, with internal concentrations (15-150 mg/kg fw) which were roughly 600 times higher than the nominal test doses. To our knowledge, this is the first time that environmental contaminants are shown to be antiestrogenic in an in vivo fish assay that focuses solely on ER-mediated effects. This makes the transgenic zebrafish assay a promising tool for the rapid detection of both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of chemicals in fish.
The emerging role of histone deacetylase ( <scp>HDAC</scp> ) inhibitors in urological cancers (2013)

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: A growing body of evidence supports the anti-cancer effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in vitro, via multiple pathways, and many Phase I clinical trials have shown them to be well-tolerated in a range of malignancies. Combined therapies, including with radiation, present an exciting area of current and planned study. This review summarises the evidence to date, including pre-clinical data and clinical trials, of the anti-cancer effect of HDACi in urological cancers. It provides an overview of epigenetics and the mechanisms of action of HDACi. It suggests areas of future development, including the current challenges for the successful introduction of HDACi into clinical therapy. Epigenetic modifications are known to play a critical role in the development and progression of many cancers. The opposing actions of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) modify chromatin and lead to epigenetic gene regulation, in addition to wider effects on non-histone proteins. There is growing interest in the clinical application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in cancer. HDACi have been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and recent clinical trials have shown encouraging results in various urological cancers. In this review, we discuss the existing evidence and potential role for HDACi in urological malignancies, including in combined therapies.
The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus IRF5 Risk Haplotype Is Associated with Systemic Sclerosis (2013)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic autoimmune disease in which the genetic component plays an important role. One of the strongest SSc association signals outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region corresponds to interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), a major regulator of the type I IFN pathway. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether three different haplotypic blocks within this locus, which have been shown to alter the protein function influencing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility, are involved in SSc susceptibility and clinical phenotypes. For that purpose, we genotyped one representative single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of each block (rs10488631, rs2004640, and rs4728142) in a total of 3,361 SSc patients and 4,012 unaffected controls of Caucasian origin from Spain, Germany, The Netherlands, Italy and United Kingdom. A meta-analysis of the allele frequencies was performed to analyse the overall effect of these IRF5 genetic variants on SSc. Allelic combination and dependency tests were also carried out. The three SNPs showed strong associations with the global disease (rs4728142: P = 1.34×10(-8), OR = 1.22, CI 95% = 1.14-1.30; rs2004640: P = 4.60×10(-7), OR = 0.84, CI 95% = 0.78-0.90; rs10488631: P = 7.53×10(-20), OR = 1.63, CI 95% = 1.47-1.81). However, the association of rs2004640 with SSc was not independent of rs4728142 (conditioned P = 0.598). The haplotype containing the risk alleles (rs4728142*A-rs2004640*T-rs10488631*C: P = 9.04×10(-22), OR = 1.75, CI 95% = 1.56-1.97) better explained the observed association (likelihood P-value = 1.48×10(-4)), suggesting an additive effect of the three haplotypic blocks. No statistical significance was observed in the comparisons amongst SSc patients with and without the main clinical characteristics. Our data clearly indicate that the SLE risk haplotype also influences SSc predisposition, and that this association is not sub-phenotype-specific.
UK‐68,798, A Class III Antiarrhythmic Drug with Antifibrillatory Properties (1992)

Peer Reviewed
Random Primed <SUP>32</SUP>P-Labeling of DNA (2003)

Random primed labeling of DNA has now almost superseded the method of nick translation of DNA. Random primed labeling, based on the method of Feinberg and Vogelstein (), is a method of incorporating radioactive nucleotides along the length of a fragment of DNA. Random primed labeling can give specific activities of between 2 × 109 and 5 × 109 dpm/µg (see Note 1). The method below is essentially that described by Feinberg and Vogelstein () in which a DNA fragment is denatured by heating in a boiling water bath. Then, random sequence oligonucleotides are annealed to both strands. Klenow fragment polymerase is then used to extend the oligonucleotides, using three cold nucleotides and one radioactively labeled nucleotide provided in the reaction mixture to produce a uniformly labeled double-stranded probe. Each batch of random oligonucleotides contains all possible sequences (for hexamers, which are most commonly employed, this would be 4096 different oligonucleotides), so any DNA template can be used with this method.
Preclinical recapitulation of antiangiogenic drug clinical efficacies using models of early or late stage breast cancer metastatis (2013)

Historically, preclinical tumor therapy models in mice have frequently been deficient in predicting subsequent clinical activity; over-prediction of clinical anti-tumor efficacy is common. Several approaches are being made in an attempt to improve the clinical relevance of preclinical models, and include the use of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cancer or patient derived xenografts (PDXs). Here we summarize, in the context of breast cancer, another approach, namely, the development of postsurgical models of either macroscopic or microscopic metastatic disease to mimic metastatic or adjuvant therapy. To do so we used in vivo selected metastatic variants of established human breast cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231. Testing antiangiogenic drugs such as the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib alone or combined with chemotherapy in models involving treatment of established primary tumors invariably resulted in demonstrable anti-tumor activity. In contrast, identical treatments of postsurgical mice with advanced metastatic disease did not: survival times were not prolonged. This reflects multiple failed phase III trials of sunitinib based therapies in metastatic breast cancer patients. However, using a VEGF pathway targeting antibody drug instead of a TKI, with (paclitaxel) chemotherapy, resulted in anti-tumor activity in the metastatic setting, partially reflecting prior clinical results of the E2100 phase III trial of weekly paclitaxel plus bevacizumab. Other experiments involving postsurgical adjuvant treatment of early stage disease foreshadowed the phase III clinical trial failures of adjuvant bevacizumab in colorectal or breast cancer. In contrast, some investigational metronomic oral chemotherapy protocols alone or in combination with an antiangiogenic drug demonstrated potent activity in the advanced metastatic setting; these encouraging results have yet to be validated in randomized phase III clinical trials, which are underway based on some encouraging phase II clinical trial results. We have also observed circumstances where mice with advanced systemic disease, when successfully treated so as to prolong survival, sometimes relapse with brain metastases, reflecting a similar clinical phenomenon. Given our overall findings, we suggest that using preclinical mouse tumor models which mimic postsurgical adjuvant or metastatic therapy may be a promising strategy to help improve the ability to predict subsequent clinical outcomes.
Analysis of Selenium in Body Fluids: A Review (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAnalysis of Selenium in Body Fluids: A ReviewMaite Sanz Alaejos and Carlos Diaz RomeroCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 1, 227–257Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00033a009https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00033a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Induction of Immune Tolerance With Ultraviolet B-Irradiated Leukocytes in H-2 Disparate Bone Marrow Donor (1999)

Transfusions (Tx) of Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) have been shown to induce humoral immune tolerance to major histocompatability complex (MHC) antigens (Blood 88:4375, 1996). To determine whether cellular immune tolerance to MHC antigens can be induced by the same approach, transplantation of bone marrow and spleen cells from tolerant donors across the H-2 barrier was conducted to study its effect on prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). After immune tolerance induction by four weekly Tx of UVB-irradiated BALB/c (H-2(d)) peripheral blood MNL into CBA/HT6 (H-2(k)) mice, bone marrow cells (BMC) and spleen MNL from tolerant or naive CBA mice were transplanted into lethally irradiated BALB/c mice. The transplanted mice were followed by measuring body weight, peripheral leukocyte counts, GVHD, survival, and cytokine response. All BALB/c recipient mice were fully engrafted with H-2(k) CBA donor cells after transplantation. The severity of GVHD was significantly attenuated in BALB/c mice transplanted with BMC and spleen MNL from tolerant CBA donor mice. The recovery of peripheral leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were faster and more complete in mice transplanted with cells from the tolerant donors. The serum cytokine profile after transplantation with tolerant donor cells showed increased interleukin-4 and reduced gamma interferon that are consistent with a polarized Th2 response. The results pooled from three separate experiments showed that BALB/c mice transplanted with 5 x 10(6) BMC and 4 x 10(5) spleen MNL from tolerant CBA donors had better overall survival than the control group (72% v 17%, P =.018). The findings show that transplantation with bone marrow and spleen cells from tolerant H-2 disparate donor mice is associated with significant attenuation of GVHD and better outcomes. The results also support that transfusions of UVB-irradiated leukocytes may induce cellular immune tolerance.