gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introducing an Unsupervised Automated Solution for Root Cause Diagnosis in Mobile Networks (2019)

Today's network operators strive to create self-healing cellular networks that have a fully automated troubleshooting management process. To this end, the network monitoring system should be capable of detecting issues, diagnosing them, and triggering the adequate recovery action. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised solution to diagnose the root causes of network issues. As monitoring systems collect a large number of logs from the different devices in their networks, it is possible to determine which connections resulted in a poor user experience and apply a failed/successful label. Our solution, Automatic Root Cause Diagnosis (ARCD), analyzes labeled connection logs to identify the major contributors to the network inefficiency (e.g., a faulty core device) as well as the incompatibilities between different elements (e.g., make and model of a phone not being able to access a service). We evaluate the effectiveness of our solution by using logs from three different real cellular networks. In each case, ARCD was able to identify the major contributors and the most widespread incompatibilities. In the three cases, the precision (detection accuracy) and the recall (detection rate) are higher than 90%.
Integrated capillary electrophoresis using glass and plastic chips for multiplexed DNA analysis (1998)

Micromachined devices made of plastic have been used for fast electrophoretic separations using short separation distances and high electric field strengths. Unlike their glass counterparts, plastic chips can be manufactured economically and in high volume. Analysis can be performed in single channels, as shown for DNA sequencing mixtures, or in channel arrays as demonstrated for the analysis of ds DNA fragments. Compared to slab gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis, separations are extremely fast with a time-scale under 20 minutes for a sequence analysis and under 2 minutes for fragment analysis. Confocal laser- induced fluorescence provides a sensitive means of detection.
Disk drive using the thermal signal from an MR-head as a radial position sensor (2000)

The thermal response of a magnetoresistive (MR) head can be used to detect disk defects in a disk drive. An extension of this result is to use the thermal response for the detection of topographical track boundaries for the purpose of track following and seeking during magnetic recording in a disk drive. A special disk, called a Pre-Embossed Rigid Thermal (PERT) disk uses embossed patterns in the grooves between mesa-like tracks. The groove-embossed patterns produce modulation in the MR element-to-disk spacing and therefore a detectable modulation in the thermal response from an MR head.
Sensitive, High Throughput Detection of Proteins in Individual, Surfactant-Stabilized Picoliter Droplets Using Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Droplet-based fluidics is emerging as a powerful platform for single cell analysis, directed evolution of enzymes, and high throughput screening studies. Due to the small amounts of compound compartmentalized in each droplet, detection has been primarily by fluorescence. To extend the range of experiments that can be carried out in droplets, we have developed the use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to measure femtomole quantities of proteins in individual pico- to nanoliter droplets. Surfactant-stabilized droplets containing analyte were produced in a flow-focusing droplet generation microfluidic device using fluorocarbon oil as the continuous phase. The droplets were collected off-chip for storage and reinjected into microfluidic devices prior to spraying the emulsion into an ESI mass spectrometer. Crucially, high quality mass spectra of individual droplets were obtained from emulsions containing a mixture of droplets at >150 per minute, opening up new routes to high throughput scre...
A fuzzy neural network model for monitoring A<sup>2</sup>/O process using on-line monitoring parameters (2012)

An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model was employed to predict effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD(eff)) and ammonia nitrogen (NH(4)(+) (eff)) from an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process, and meanwhile a self-adapted fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was used to identify the model's architecture and optimize fuzzy rules. When constructing the model or predicting, the on-line monitoring parameters, namely hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent pH (pH), dissolved oxygen in the aerobic reactor (DO) and mixed-liquid return ratio (r), were adopted as the input variables. Compared with the artificial neural network (ANN) model whose weight vector was optimized by a real-code genetic algorithm (GA), the ANFIS presented better estimate performance. When predicting, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 1.8458% and 2.8984% for COD(eff) and NH(4)(+) (eff) could be achieved using ANFIS; the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for COD(eff) and NH(4)(+) (eff) were 1.6317 and 0.1291, respectively; the correlation coefficient (R) values of 0.9928 and 0.9951 for COD(eff) and NH(4)(+) (eff) could also be achieved. The results indicated that reasonable monitoring A(2)/O process performance, just using on-line monitoring parameters, has been achieved through the ANFIS.
Finding Appropriate Semantic Web Ontology Terms from Words (2009)

The Semantic Web was designed to unambiguously deﬁne and use ontologies to encode data and knowledge on the Web. Many people ﬁnd it difficult, however, to write complex RDF statements and queries because doing so requires familiarity with the appropriate ontologies and the terms they deﬁne. We describe a system that automatically maps a set of ordinary English words to a set of appropriate ontology terms on the Semantic Web. We use the Swoogle Semantic Web search engine to provide ontology terms and ontology correlation statistics, the WordNet lexical database to resolve synonyms, and a practical three step approach to ﬁnd the most suitable ontology context as well as appropriate ontology terms.
Drugs active against growth factor and oncogene phosphatidylinositol signalling pathways. (1992)

Increased knowledge of growth factor and oncogene intracellular signalling presents us with unique opportunities to develop new classes of antiproliferative drugs. The degeneracy of intracellular signalling may allow normal cells to be relatively unaffected by drugs that inhibit just one signalling pathway. Oncoproteins themselves have proved difficult to target and the drugs lack selectivity. More success has come with drugs targeted against other components of signalling pathways. Two examples of such classes of drugs are given. The ether lipid anticancer drugs inhibit intracellular signalling at multiple points; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, protein kinase C, intracellular Ca2+ release and phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase. D-3-deoxy-3-substituted myo-inositols and phosphatidylinositols are a new class of growth inhibitory compounds that appear to act as antagonists of myo-inositol signalling.
HeNet: A Deep Learning Approach on Intel® Processor Trace for Effective Exploit Detection (2018)

This paper presents HeNet, a hierarchical ensemble neural network, applied to classify hardware-generated control flow traces for malware detection. Deep learning-based malware detection has so far focused on analyzing executable files and runtime API calls. Static code analysis approaches face challenges due to obfuscated code and adversarial perturbations. Behavioral data collected during execution is more difficult to obfuscate but recent research has shown successful attacks against API call based malware classifiers. We investigate control flow based characterization of a program execution to build robust deep learning malware classifiers. HeNet consists of a low-level behavior model and a top-level ensemble model. The low-level model is a per-application behavior model, trained via transfer learning on a time-series of images generated from control flow trace of an execution. We use Intel® Processor Trace enabled processor for low overhead execution tracing and design a lightweight image conversion and segmentation of the control flow trace. The top-level ensemble model aggregates the behavior classification of all the trace segments and detects an attack. The use of hardware trace adds portability to our system and the use of deep learning eliminates the manual effort of feature engineering. We evaluate HeNet against real-world exploitations of PDF readers. HeNet achieves 100% accuracy and 0% false positive on test set, and higher classification accuracy compared to classical machine learning algorithms.
SINR-based channel pre-equalization for uplink multi-carrier CDMA systems (2003)

The paper investigates channel pre-equalization for the uplink of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) mobile cellular systems. This technique solves the crucial problem of uplink channel estimation by keeping the high spectral efficiency of MC-CDMA with no need of pilot symbols. We study an optimisation criterion based on the maximization of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the base station while constraining the power transmitted by the mobile stations. The optimum algorithm is derived and a sub-optimum version is proposed to reduce the computational complexity in the mobile station. Simulation results on Rayleigh fading channels show that SINR-based pre-equalization systems achieve performance that are much better than systems using either conventional pre-equalization techniques at the transmitter or multiuser detection techniques at the receiver.
C1‘-Cycloalkyl Side Chain Pharmacophore in Tetrahydrocannabinols (2007)

In earlier work we have provided evidence for the presence of a subsite within the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor binding domains of classical cannabinoids. This putative subsite corresponds to substituents on the C1'-position of the C3-alkyl side chain, a key pharmacophoric feature in this class of compounds. We have now refined this work through the synthesis of additional C1'-cycloalkyl compounds using newly developed approaches. Our findings indicate that the C1'-cyclopropyl and C1'-cyclopentyl groups are optimal pharmacophores for both receptors while the C1'-cyclobutyl group interacts optimally with CB1 but not with CB2. The C1'-cyclohexyl analogs have reduced affinities for both CB1 and CB2. However, these affinities are significantly improved with the introduction of a C2'-C3' cis double bond that modifies the available conformational space within the side chain and allows for a better accommodation of a six-membered ring within the side chain subsite. Our SAR results are highlighted by molecular modeling of key analogs.
Multidimensional optical fractionation with holographic verification (2009)

The trajectories of colloidal particles driven through a periodic potential energy landscape can become kinetically locked in to directions dictated by the landscape's symmetries. When the landscape is realized with forces exerted by a structured light field, the path a given particle follows has been predicted to depend exquisitely sensitively on such properties as the particle's size and refractive index These predictions, however, have not been tested experimentally. Here, we describe measurements of colloidal silica spheres' transport through arrays of holographic optical traps that use holographic video microscopy to track individual spheres' motions in three dimensions and simultaneously to measure each sphere's radius and refractive index with part-per-thousand resolution. These measurements confirm previously untested predictions for the threshold of kinetically locked-in transport, and demonstrate the ability of optical fractionation to sort colloidal spheres with part-per-thousand resolution on multiple characteristics simultaneously.
Self‐Delivery Multifunctional Anti‐HIV Hydrogels for Sustained Release (2013)

None of the clinical trials of anti-HIV gels based on conventional polymers or lipid emulsions has been successful, suggesting the need of new molecular design of the anti-HIV gels. This paper reports the conversion of anti-HIV prodrugs into self-delivery supramolecular hydrogels. By covalently conjugating reverse transcriptase inhibitors to a versatile self-assembly motif, the hydrogelators that self-assemble to form supramolecular nanofibers as the matrices of hydrogels in a weak acidic condition are obtained. Upon the treatment of prostate acid phosphatase (PAP), the hydrogels exhibit drastically enhanced elasticity. The hydrogelators are biocompatible and able to release the inhibitors under physiological condition. The use of the self-assembly motif as a self-delivery agent containing non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) renders this hydrogel to be both anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV. This work illustrates an unprecedented approach for designing multifunctional supramolecular hydrogels that may serve as potential anti-HIV hydrogels for sustained drug release.
Low-loss integrated optical sensors based on hollow-core ARROW waveguide (2005)

Here we present an analysis of a fully planar optical sensor based on ARROW waveguides. We consider a device geometry that consists of two intersecting ARROW waveguides, one with solid and one with liquid core. The pump wavelength is input from the solid core waveguide and penetrates through the wall into the liquid core of the other waveguide where the fluorescence is excited in the sample material. Then it is captured by the ARROW waveguide and guided to a detector at the end. Pump and signal wavelength can be guided with low loss through the solid and hollow core respectively. At the same time, high loss discrimination inside the core can be obtained by tailoring the thickness of ARROW layers, leading to efficient filtering. The pump wave can be transmitted efficiently in and out of the core, allowing for multiple intersections. In the following experimental part, we investigate the waveguide loss of the liquid core as a function of core width, we measure values as low as 1.7cm<sup>-1</sup> that can be further reduced by improving the thickness control of ARROW layers in the fabrication process. Finally, we report fluorescence experiments on Alexa dye molecules. We demonstrate fluorescence detection at concentrations as low as 10<sup>-8</sup> mol/l from a detection volume of 21pl. Photo-bleaching is observed and discussed as a function of input power intensity.
Edge Routing with Ordered Bundles (2012)

Edge bundling reduces the visual clutter in a drawing of a graph by uniting the edges into bundles. We propose a method of edge bundling drawing each edge of a bundle separately as in metro-maps and call our method ordered bundles. To produce aesthetically looking edge routes it minimizes a cost function on the edges. The cost function depends on the ink, required to draw the edges, the edge lengths, widths and separations. The cost also penalizes for too many edges passing through narrow channels by using the constrained Delaunay triangulation. The method avoids unnecessary edge-node and edge-edge crossings. To draw edges with the minimal number of crossings and separately within the same bundle we develop an efficient algorithm solving a variant of the metro-line crossing minimization problem. In general, the method creates clear and smooth edge routes giving an overview of the global graph structure, while still drawing each edge separately and thus enabling local analysis.
An optimization procedure for the selection of diode laser facet coatings (1981)

The relationship between the facet reflector properties and the steady-state power-current characteristics of diode lasers is analyzed. A general procedure is developed for calculating the facet reflectance values that optimize the electrical-to-optical power conversion efficiency of a diode laser emitting a specified value of optical power. Numerical examples are presented which apply this technique to the selection of facet coatings for a typical diode laser. The diode laser with optimized facet reflectances is shown to have lower internal power dissipation than devices with uncoated or half-wave coated facets. The properties of Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> /Si multilayer facet coatings are investigated, with special attention given to the effects produced by optical absorption in the amorphous silicon layers.
A New Broad Host Spectrum Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Isolated from a Celery Looper,Anagrapha falcifera(Kirby), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1991)

A new multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus was isolated from a fourth-instar celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) collected from cabbage in central Missouri in May 1985. Characterization and comparison to other multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis viruses via restriction endonuclease analysis indicated a unique baculovirus with a molecular weight of 85.6 × 10 8 Daltons. This baculovirus (AfMNPV) was propagated in cabbage looper larvae and tested against a variety of insect species in laboratory bioassays. More than 31 species of Lepidoptera from 10 families demonstrated susceptibility when allowed to feed ad libitum on substrates (artificial or natural) contaminated with occlusion bodies (OB) at 10 or 100 OB/mm 2 . Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea and H. virescens did not demonstrate differential susceptibility to AfMNPV (LC 50 , 0.36 and 0.39 OB/mm 2 , respectively) as compared to the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica , multiple embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) LC 50 , 10.3 and 0.45 OB/mm 2 , respectively). No other currently known natural or genetically engineered baculovirus infects as many cosmopolitan, economically important insect species or causes mortality as quickly at low concentrations. This is the first baculovirus patented by the U.S. Government Patent and Trademark Office (no. 4,911,913, issued 27 March 1990).
Fully procedural graphics (2005)

The growing application of user-defined programs within graphics processing units (GPUs) has transformed the fixed-function display pipeline into a largely programmable pipeline. In this paper we propose that the elements fed through the pipeline be made entirely procedural. To enable this, we present a modification of the conventional graphics processor in which all procedures are executed in a common processor array and the rasterizer is augmented with a more general sampling controller. By executing both the geometric and shading elements of a procedural graphics model in a single processor we retain the data amplification that distinguishes procedural descriptions without a corresponding explosion of external bandwidth.
Pharma Applications of Raman Chemical Imaging (2010)

Raman spectroscopy is a chemically specific vibrational technique that probes the energy of molecular vibrations based on inelastic laser light scattering. Its ability to provide a ‘chemical fingerprint’ of a pharmaceutical compound makes it one of the most powerful analytical tools for studying molecular composition and structure, identifying polymorphs and evaluating other physico-chemical properties that are important for understanding, predicting and controlling drug product performance. Raman spectroscopy has moderate sensitivity (0.1-1 wt%) and requires minimal amounts of liquid, solid and gaseous sample and little or no sample preparation.
Removing hazards in multi-level logic optimization for generalized fundamental-mode asynchronous circuits (2008)

Unlike traditional synthesis methods for fundamental-mode asynchronous circuits which require dedicated hazard-free algorithms, a multi-level logic optimization algorithm is developed to take advantage of the powerful and mature synchronous synthesis algorithms and technology libraries. The proposed algorithm is based on a hazard analysis method, which not only detects any hazard in an arbitrary circuit structure, but also identifies the cause of the hazard. Then, a hazard removal process is performed on the circuit synthesized using synchronous algorithms to generate a hazard-free circuit. The proposed synthesis algorithm achieves high efficiency by exploiting synchronous optimization algorithms and technology libraries, as demonstrated through the experimental results.
<title>Magnetorheological finishing (MRF) in commercial precision optics manufacturing</title> (1999)

Finish polishing of highly precise optical surfaces is one of the most promising uses of magnetic fluids. We have taken the concept of magnetorheological finishing (MRF) from the laboratory to the optical fabrication shop floor. A commercial, computer numerically controlled (CNC) MRF machine, the Q22, has recently come on-line in optics companies to produce precision flat, spherical and aspheric optical components. MRF is a sub-aperture lap process that requires no specialized tooling, because the magnetically-stiffened abrasive fluid conforms to the local curvature of any arbitrarily shaped workpiece. MRF eliminates subsurface damage, smoothes rms microroughness to less than 1 nm, and corrects p-v surface figure errors to (lambda) /20 in minutes. Here the basic details of the MRF process are reviewed. MR fluid performance for soft and hard materials, the removal of asymmetric grinding errors and diamond turning marks, and examples of batch finishing of glass aspheres are also described.
Administration of RANKL boosts thymic regeneration upon bone marrow transplantation (2017)

Cytoablative treatments lead to severe damages on thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which result in delayed <i>de novo</i> thymopoiesis and a prolonged period of T-cell immunodeficiency. Understanding the mechanisms that govern thymic regeneration is of paramount interest for the recovery of a functional immune system notably after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Here, we show that RANK ligand (RANKL) is upregulated in CD4<sup>+</sup> thymocytes and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells during the early phase of thymic regeneration. Importantly, whereas RANKL neutralization alters TEC recovery after irradiation, <i>ex vivo</i> RANKL administration during BMT boosts the regeneration of TEC subsets including thymic epithelial progenitor-enriched cells, thymus homing of lymphoid progenitors, and <i>de novo</i> thymopoiesis. RANKL increases specifically in LTi cells, lymphotoxin α, which is critical for thymic regeneration. RANKL treatment, dependent on lymphotoxin α, is beneficial upon BMT in young and aged individuals. This study thus indicates that RANKL may be clinically useful to improve T-cell function recovery after BMT by controlling multiple facets of thymic regeneration.
Construct Algebra (1999)

In this paper we describe a systematic approach for creating a dialog management system based on a Construct Algebra, a collection of relations and operations on a task representation. These relations and operations are analytical components for building higher level abstractions called dialog motivators. The dialog manager, consisting of a collection of dialog motivators, is entirely built using the Construct Algebra.