gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Rapid 2D-to-3D conversion</title> (2002)

The conversion of existing 2D images to 3D is proving commercially viable and fulfills the growing need for high quality stereoscopic images. This approach is particularly effective when creating content for the new generation of autostereoscopic displays that require multiple stereo images. The dominant technique for such content conversion is to develop a depth map for each frame of 2D material. The use of a depth map as part of the 2D to 3D conversion process has a number of desirable characteristics: 1. The resolution of the depth may be lower than that of the associated 2D image. 2. It can be highly compressed. 3. 2D compatibility is maintained. 4. Real time generation of stereo, or multiple stereo pairs, is possible. The main disadvantage has been the laborious nature of the manual conversion techniques used to create depth maps from existing 2D images, which results in a slow and costly process. An alternative, highly productive technique has been developed based upon the use of Machine Leaning Algorithm (MLAs). This paper describes the application of MLAs to the generation of depth maps and presents the results of the commercial application of this approach.
A novel actuated tether design for rescue robots using hydraulic transients (2004)

In the world of search and rescue robotics, particularly for search, smaller is better. Small robots can get into tighter places and are more maneuverable. With diminishing size, however, providing adequate power and communications becomes a problem. Communication is problematic if the search site is a collapsed building were transmitted signals have to travel through layers of concrete and steel. Tethers are good for providing power and communication, but tethers get caught and small robots have difficulty with the added drag of the tether. This work proposes a self-actuating tether capable of moving its own weight and remaining free while traversing around corners. Tether motion is due to induced high pressure water transients formed by rapidly arresting flow through the tether. A number of tests performed on a constructed tether prototype are presented. A simplified model of the water transients to better understand design parameters is outlined and simulated, and force measurements are collected to validate the simulation results.
Adaptive Data-Centric Clustering with Sensor Networks for Energy Efficient IoT Applications (2016)

A wireless sensor network (WSN) typically involves deploying multiple nodes in an area to measure environmental parameters. WSNs are getting enveloped within the realm of IoT which significantly increases their scale of deployment. The end-objective of deploying a sensor network is to get valuable data about a region irrespective of the physical configuration used for measurement. We propose an Adaptive Data-centric Clustering algorithm for Sensor networks (ADCS), a hierarchical algorithm where user-specific data requirements are factored into the clustering decisions. Specifically, similarity in parameter variations are used as a criteria for optimization. We have deployed an eKo-based sensor network in north-eastern India to measure environmental parameters as part of a precision agriculture application. Data from this network is used to develop models to rigorously compare the performance of three variants of ADCS: ADCS-DB, ADCS-KM and ADCS-AG and arrive at useful recommendations for deployment planning.
On the prospects of conducting polyaniline/natural rubber composites for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness applications (2012)

Conductive polymer composites are at the forefront of composites science research because of the huge number of applications that have been developed around their interesting and unique properties. The present article is focused on the fabrication of natural rubber/polyaniline (NR/PANI) compounds for electromagnetic wave shielding applications at microwave frequency. Their microstructures were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. The as-fabricated NR/PANI composite was mechanically characterized to investigate the effect of dispersion of PANI on NR matrix composite. The dielectric spectroscopy, absorption loss, and reflection loss of NR/PANI composite in the frequency range from 1 to 12 GHz have been performed. The total electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness by absorption and reflection loss depends on PANI content in the composite. Results show that the NR/PANI composite represents a new class of conducting lightweight material that makes the NR/PANI with good electromagnetic shielding effectiveness that is suitable for use in industrial application such as electronic conducting composite in polymer package and for radar absorbing materials.
Compound Metaoptics for Amplitude and Phase Control of Wave Fronts (2019)

Metasurfaces allow tailored control of electromagnetic wave fronts. However, due to local conservation of power flow, passive, lossless, and reflectionless metasurfaces have been limited to imparting phase discontinuities-and not power density discontinuities-onto a wave front. Here, we show how the phase and amplitude profiles of a wave front can be independently controlled using two closely spaced phase-discontinuous metasurfaces. The two metasurfaces, each designed to exhibit spatially varying refractive properties, are separated by a wavelength-scale distance and together form a compound metaoptic. A method of designing the compound metaoptic is presented, which enables transformation between arbitrary complex-valued field distributions without reflection, absorption, polarization loss, or active components. Such compound metaoptics may find applications in the optical trapping of particles, displaying three-dimensional holographic images, shrinking the size of optical systems, or producing custom (shaped and steered) far-field radiation patterns.
Aging Behavior of Ni-Electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with X7R Characteristics (1995)

Capacitance aging under dc field has been studied on BaTiO 3 -based dielectrics with X7R characteristics for multilayer ceramic capacitors with Ni internal electrodes. Capacitance change strongly depends on additives and firing conditions as well as microstructure. Aging behavior under no dc field is well explained by Richter's relaxation curve. On the other hand, aging under dc field cannot be fitted by Richter's curve. Therefore, a new model which assumes two factors that affect relaxation is proposed. According to the new model, capacitance changes in two stages, short-term and long-term relaxations. Capacitance change in short-term relaxation strongly depends on applied dc field. On the contrary, that of long-term relaxation does not depend on dc field.
E2F1 Induces Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG1) Expression in Human Pituitary Tumors (2009)

Rb/E2F is dysregulated in murine and human pituitary tumors. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1), a securin protein, is required for pituitary tumorigenesis, and PTTG1 deletion attenuates pituitary tumor development in Rb(+/-) mice. E2F1 and PTTG1 were concordantly overexpressed in 29 of 46 Rb(+/-) murine pituitary tissues and also in 45 of 80 human pituitary tumors (P < 0.05). E2F1 specifically bound the hPTTG1 promoter as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and biotin-streptavidin pull-down assay, indicating that hPTTG1 may act as a direct E2F1 target. Transfection of E2F1 and its partner DP1 dose-dependently activated hPTTG1 transcription up to 3-fold in p53-devoid H1299 cells but not in p53-replete HCT116 cells. E2F1 overexpression enhanced endogenous hPTTG1 mRNA and protein levels up to 3-fold in H1299 cells. The presence of endogenous p53/p21 constrained the induction, whereas knocking down either p53 or p21 in HCT116 cells restored E2F1-induced hPTTG1 transactivation and expression. Moreover, suppressing Rb by small interfering RNA concordantly elevated E2F1 and hPTTG1 protein levels. In contrast, transfection of E2F1 small interfering RNA lowered hPTTG1 levels 24 h later in HCT116 than in H1299 cells, indicating that p53 delays E2F1 action on hPTTG1. These results elucidate a mechanism for abundant tumor hPTTG1 expression, whereby Rb inactivation releases E2F1 to induce hPTTG1. This signaling pathway may underlie the requirement of PTTG1 for pituitary tumorigenesis.
QTLs Associated with Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode in Soybean: Meta‐Analysis of QTL Locations (2006)

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is the most important pest of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the world. A total of 17 quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping papers and 62 marker–QTL associations have been reported for resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean. Conflicting results often occurred. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate evidence for reported marker–QTL associations for resistance to SCN in soybean and (ii) extract relatively reliable and useful information from the reported marker–QTL associations in soybean. A meta‐analysis was conducted for QTL locations by comparing the 95% confidence intervals of the reported QTLs. QTLs for different races or different studies were classified into one cluster if their confidence intervals had a region in common. The QTLs of the same cluster may have a shared locus. QTLs for different races or different studies were classified into different clusters if their confidence regions had no region in common and were ≥ 20 cM away from each other. Different clusters may represent different loci. Reported SCN resistant QTLs were classified into three categories: suggestive, significant, and confirmed. Confirmed QTLs are credible and can be candidates for fine mapping and gene cloning. QTLs on linkage groups (LGs) G, A2, B1, E, and J were classified as confirmed. Two clusters of QTLs were identified on LG G. One of them is rhg1 One cluster of QTLs was identified near the end of LG B1, but one QTL may exist around the middle of LG B1. One cluster of QTLs was identified on LGs A2, E, and J, respectively. QTLs on LGs B2, C1, C2, D1a, D2, L, M, and N were classified into suggestive or significant. Confirmation studies are needed to lend credibility for these QTLs. A relationship between soybean QTLs and SCN races is discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Anthraquinone-Substituted Imidazolium Salts for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer (2020)

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed each year, and more than half of patients have non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The standard of care for patients with high-grade NMIBC is Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Unfortunately, multiple BCG shortages have limited access to this treatment. Available alternatives using intravesical administration of chemotherapy have some efficacy, but lack prospective validation and long-term outcomes. Development of novel intravesical therapies may provide more active alternatives to BCG for patients with high-grade NMIBC. OBJECTIVE: To develop an optimal imidazolium salt for the intravesical treatment of NMIBC and determine preliminary in vitro activity of anthraquinone-substituted imidazolium salts. METHODS: The development of the anthraquinone-substituted imidazolium salts was undertaken in an attempt to increase the potency of this class of compounds by incorporating the quinone functional group observed in the chemotherapeutics doxorubicin, valrubicin, and mitomycin. All compounds were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, these imidazolium salts were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity by the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) on the NCI-60 human tumor cell line screening. Additional in vitro testing was performed against diverse bladder cancer cell lines (RT112, TCCSUP, J82, and UMUC13) using CellTiter-Glo® assays and colony-forming assays. RESULTS: The NCI-60 cell line screening indicated that compound 7 had the highest activity and was concluded to be the optimal compound for further study. Using CellTiter-Glo® assays on bladder cancer cell lines, 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values were determined to range from 32–50 μM after an exposure of 1 h, for compound 7. Further evaluation of the compound by colony-forming assays showed the complete inhibition of growth at 10 days post a 100 μM dose of compound 7 for 1 h. CONCLUSIONS: The most active lipophilic anthraquinone imidazolium salt, compound 7, could be a viable treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer as it exhibits a cell-killing effect at a 1 h time period and completely inhibits cancer regrowth in colony-forming assays.
Biochemical properties, tissue expression, and gene structure of a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase able to catalyze cis-retinol oxidation (1999)

We have identified a retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH) that catalyzes the oxidation of 9-cis- but not all-trans-retinol and proposed that this enzyme plays an important role in synthesis of the transcriptionally active retinoid, 9-cis-retinoic acid. There is little information regarding either the biochemical properties of cRDH or how its 9-cis-retinol substrate is formed. We now report studies of the properties and expression of human and mouse cRDH and of the characteristics and location of the murine cRDH gene. Additionally, we report mouse hepatic 9-cis-retinol concentrations and demonstrate that 9-cis-retinol is formed in a time- and protein-dependent manner upon incubation of all-trans-retinol with cell homogenate. Human and mouse cRDH display similar substrate specificities for cis-isomers of retinol and retinaldehyde. Moreover, human and mouse cRDH show marked sensitivity to inhibition by 13-cis-retinoic acid, with both being inhibited by approximately 50% by 0.15 μm 13-cis-retinoic acid (for substrate concentrations of 10 μm). Lesser inhibition is seen for 9-cis- or all-trans-retinoic acids. Immunoblot analysis using antiserum directed against human cRDH demonstrates cRDH expression in several tissues from first trimester human fetuses, indicating that cRDH is expressed early in embryogenesis. Adult mouse brain, liver, kidney, and to a lesser extent small intestine and placenta express cRDH. The murine cRDH gene consists of at least 5 exons and spans approximately 6 kb of genomic DNA. Backcross analysis mapped the mouse cRDH gene to the most distal region of chromosome 10. Taken together, these data extend our understanding of the properties of cRDH and provide additional support for our hypothesis that cRDH may play an important role in 9-cis-retinoic acid formation.—Gamble, M. V., E. Shang, R. P. Zott, J. R. Mertz, D. J. Wolgemuth, and W. S. Blaner. Biochemical properties, tissue expression, and gene structure of a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase able to catalyze cis-retinol oxidation.
Semiconductor ring lasers (1993)

Ring cavities have led to enhanced performance in many types of lasers. We are investigating circularcavity semiconductor ring lasers both to understand the behavior of this new class of diode lasers, and to develop new and unique types of direct-waveguide-coupled laser sources for photonic integrated circuits.
Smith-purcell terahertz sources (2016)

Summary form only given. Many applications of THz radiation remain impractical or impossible due to an absence of compact sources with sufficient power. A source, in which the interaction occurs between an electron beam and a diffraction grating, has been shown in simulations to be capable of generating high THz power in a compact package. The grating surface-wave produces strong beam bunching and generates significant power at the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. We will discuss the Coherent Smith-Purcell studies performed at CESTA both with planar and cylindrical configurations. The exciting recent experimental results at 100 and 200 GHz will be presented.
In vivo bone formation by human bone marrow stromal cells: Effect of carrier particle size and shape (2000)

Successful closure of bone defects in patients remains an active area of basic and clinical research. A novel and promising approach is the transplantation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which have been shown to possess a significant osteogenic potential. The extent and quality of bone formation by transplanted human BMSCs strongly depends on the carrier matrix with which cells are transplanted; to date, hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) supports far more osteogenesis than any other matrix tested. In order to further improve the technique of BMSC transplantation, we studied whether commercially available HA/TCP particles, clinically approved as an osteoconductive material and commercially available as particles measuring 0.5-1.0 mm diameter, is an optimum matrix for promoting bone development by BMSCs. HA/TCP and HA particles of varying size were sieved into a variety of size ranges, from <0.044 mm to 1.0-2.0 mm. Transplants were formed by mixing 40 mg aliquots of particles with cultured passaged human BMSCs. They were placed in subcutaneous pockets in immunocompromised Bg-Nu-XID mice and harvested 4 or 10 weeks later. The transplants were examined histologically; the presence of bone within each transplant was evaluated using histomorphometry or blindly scored on a semiquantitative scale. Transplant morphology and the amount of new bone varied in a consistent fashion based on particle size and shape. Transplants incorporating HA/TCP particles of 0.1-0.25 mm size demonstrated the greatest bone formation at both 4 and 10 weeks; larger or smaller particles were associated with less extensive bone formation, while a size of 0.044 mm represented a threshold below which no bone formation could be observed. Flat-sided HA particles measuring 0.1-0.25 mm formed no bone. The differences in bone formation were not attributable to the differences in cell attachment among the groups. Instead, the size and spatial and structural organization of the particles within BMSC transplants appear to determine the extent of bone formation. These findings provide necessary information for the successful clinical application of BMSC transplantation techniques.
Novel Materials from Agroproteins: Adhesives from Modified Soy Protein Polymers (2001)

Soy protein polymers recently have been considered as alternatives to petroleum polymers to ease environmental pollution. The use of soy proteins as adhesives for plywood has been limited because of their low water resistance. The objective of this research was to enhance the water resistance of adhesives made from urea modified soy proteins. Alkali-modified and heat-treated soy proteins were used for comparison. Two ASTM standard methods for gluing strength and water resistance of wood were tested. The urea-modified soy proteins had stronger gluing strength for plywood than the nonmodified soy proteins. Urea-modified proteins had higher water resistance than alkali-modified and heat-treated proteins. After three cycles of 48 hours of water soaking followed by 48 hours of drying, 0% delamination was found for both walnut and pine specimens glued with the urea-modified soy protein adhesives.
Development of oligonucleotide microarrays for simultaneous multi‐species identification of <scp> <i>P</i> </scp> <i>hellinus</i> tree‐pathogenic fungi (2016)

Polyporoid Phellinus fungi are ubiquitously present in the environment and play an important role in shaping forest ecology. Several species of Phellinus are notorious pathogens that can affect a broad variety of tree species in forest, plantation, orchard and urban habitats; however, current detection methods are overly complex and lack the sensitivity required to identify these pathogens at the species level in a timely fashion for effective infestation control. Here, we describe eight oligonucleotide microarray platforms for the simultaneous and specific detection of 17 important Phellinus species, using probes generated from the internal transcribed spacer regions unique to each species. The sensitivity, robustness and efficiency of this Phellinus microarray system was subsequently confirmed against template DNA from two key Phellinus species, as well as field samples collected from tree roots, trunks and surrounding soil. This system can provide early, specific and convenient detection of Phellinus species for forestry, arboriculture and quarantine inspection, and could potentially help to mitigate the environmental and economic impact of Phellinus-related diseases.
GeSi/Si bistable diode exhibiting a large on/off conductance ratio (1995)

A novel bistable phenomenon having both a high conductance on state and a high impedance off state has been observed in a forward biased delta-doped GeSi/Si tunnel diode grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The bistable characteristics are attributed to the different mobile carrier densities in the delta-doped layers, which leads to the switching of the band structure from a tunnel junctionlike alignment to a p-i-n junctionlike alignment or vice-versa. An on/off conductance ratio larger than 106 has been demonstrated for a modified diode structure. The device processing is technologically compatible to the current Si metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, making the device useful for a high speed, high density static random access memory cell.
Universal pulses: A new concept for calibration‐free parallel transmission (2016)

RF pulses can be designed to robustly mitigate the RF field inhomogeneity problem over a population class. This appears as a first step toward another plug and play parallel transmission solution where the pulse design can be done offline and without measuring subject-specific field maps. Magn Reson Med 77:635-643, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
“<i>ortho</i>-Wurster's Crowns”:  Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Phenylenediamine-Based Redox-Active Macrocyclic Ligand (2002)

A hybrid, macrocyclic structure based on o-phenylenediamine and a crown ether promotes an intimate mutual interaction with a bound potassium ion in the form of chelation by the redox-active moiety. A general synthetic method and properties are described for the first member of a new class of redox-active, lariat-type macrocycles called the "o-Wurster's crowns".
Towards optical quantum networks based on rare-earth ions and nanophotonics (2021)

Optical quantum networks for distributing entanglement between quantum machines will enable distributed quantum computing, secure communications and new sensing methods. These networks will contain quantum transducers for connecting computing qubits to travelling optical photon qubits, and quantum repeater links for distributing entanglement at long distances. In this talk I present implementations of quantum hardware for repeaters and transducers using nano-photonics and rare-earth ions, like ytterbium and erbium, exhibiting highly coherent optical and spin transitions in a solid-state environment. In particular, i discuss optically addressable single quantum bits with single shot readout based on ytterbium 171 atoms, and on-chip storage and processing of photons using erbium ensembles coupled to silicon photonics.
On the Use of Azimuth and Range Scaling for Stripmap, ScanSAR and Spotlight SAR Data Processing. (1996)

New range and azimuth scaling functions are presented for automatic geometric scaling for Stripmap and ScanSAR air- and spaceborne data processing. The scaling functions can also be used for automatic co-registration of interferometric image pairs.