gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real Options Analysis in Strategic Decision Making: An applied approach in a dual options framework (2000)

There is growing interest in real options theoretical perspectives to guide both capital budgeting and strategic decisions in dynamic environments. In contrast to the conventional use of discounted cash flows in capital budgeting and competitive analysis in strategy, a strategic options perspective provides a more proactive assessment of future business opportunities under uncertainty. Real options theory has shown potential for analytical applications in strategic management, particularly to evaluate flexibility and timing issues. Yet the options approach has not been widely incorporated to analyse business opportunities and adaptability in strategic investment decisions. There is a discrepancy between the mathematical sophistication of option pricing models developed in financial economics and the theoretical applications in strategic management. The paper aims to bridge this conceptual gap and promote wider use of an options analytical approach. A basic dual options framework that distinguishes between abandonment and deferral option scenarios is presented to analyse different strategic investment situations. The framework explicates how firms invest in business development and explains the frequent deferral of strategic investments. Parameter sensitivities in the option evaluation models allow appraisal of value effects from environmental uncertainties, but also point to limits of excessive model refinements. Both advantages and limitations of the options analytical framework in strategy are discussed, and unresolved issues are outlined for future research efforts.
Organolithium addition to aldehyde dimethylhydrazones: a highly diastereocontrolled synthesis of threo 2-amino alcohols, and (1R,2R)-(-)-norpseudoephedrine (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganolithium addition to aldehyde dimethylhydrazones: a highly diastereocontrolled synthesis of threo 2-amino alcohols, and (1R,2R)-(-)-norpseudoephedrineDavid A. Claremon, Patricia K. Lumma, and Brian T. PhillipsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 26, 8265–8266Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00286a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00286a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Immune response against serial infusion of factor VIII antigen through an implantable venous‐access device system in haemophilia A mice (2011)

Haemophilia A is a life long bleeding disorder caused by an inherited deficiency of factor VIII (FVIII). About 30% of haemophilia A patients develop neutralizing antibodies as a consequence of treatment with FVIII concentrates. Immune tolerance protocols for the eradication of inhibitors require daily delivery of intravenous FVIII. We evaluated the immune responses to serial intravenous administration of FVIII in preimmunized haemophilia A mice. We introduced an implantable venous-access device (iVAD) system into haemophilia A mice to facilitate sequential infusion of FVIII. After preimmunization with FVIII, the haemophilia A mice were subjected to serial intravenous administration of FVIII through the iVAD system. In all mice with serial infusion of FVIII, high titers of anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies developed at 10 exposure days (EDs). However, the anti-FVIII IgG titers were decreased after 150 EDs of sequential low-dose infusion of FVIII [0.05 U g(-1) body weight (BW) five times per week]. Proliferative response to ex vivo FVIII stimulation was significantly suppressed in splenic CD4(+) T cells from mice with serial low-dose FVIII infusion compared with those from mice with high-dose FVIII infusion (0.5 U g(-1) BW five times per week) or preimmunized mice. Moreover, splenic CD4(+) T cells from mice with serial low-dose infusion of FVIII failed to produce interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. These data suggest that serial infusion of FVIII could induce T-cell anergy in haemophilia A mice with inhibitor antibodies.
Building cloud native application — analysis for multi-component application deployment (2021)

Cloud-native application is a term broadly used to classify applications that are built with a cloud first approach making use of cloud computing models by cloud providers (both on and off premise) to achieve increased speed, flexibility and quality, while reducing deployment risks. Container based application development has gained prominence as it provides businesses with the capability to build applications that are highly scalable and fault tolerant. This paper discusses the nature of multi-component applications, fundamental approaches of developing applications using container-based technologies, how they fair against virtual machine-based deployments. The paper provides a comparative study on virtual machine-based deployments and container-based deployments and evaluates the performance for multi-component application on these environments.
Dispersive surface plasmon microscopy for the characterization of ultrathin organic films (1996)

We report on experiments, applying a novel microscopy method for ultrathin-film characterization which uses the dispersion properties of plasmon surface polaritons (PSP) as a contrast giving mechanism. In contrast to prior methods, we apply white light instead of a laser for resonant PSP excitation. For a given incident angle and an area of given thickness, a narrow spectral band of the incident light is at resonance for PSP excitation. Therefore, we obtain images with areas of different thickness appearing in different color. As an example, we present microscopic images taken from a thin Cu–phthalocyanine film, evaporated onto solid support through a mask. In addition, we compare the obtained images to theoretical considerations on the contrast mechanism.
NMR, the toolkit (2000)

Introduction The Vector Model Fourier Transform NMR Product Operators I Product Operators II Two-Dimensional NMR Phase Cycling and pulsed field gradients Quantum Mechanics Density Matrices Weak coupling and equivalence Strong coupling
Analysis on Integrated Energy System Cascading Failures Considering Interaction of Coupled Heating and Power Networks (2019)

As the coupling and integration of multi-energy flow in the integrated energy system (IES) deepen increasingly, the cascading failure will develop across different energy systems more easily and widely through the energy hub (EH). And it brings great challenges to the security and reliability of IES. The defects of the present cascading failure model of IES have been summarized, and a novel search strategy of fault chains in IES combined heating and power network was proposed in this paper. First, the initial risk assessment index of each energy branch is proposed to form the initial fault sets. Then, combined heat and power control (CHPC) strategies are introduced to deal with the branch overload conditions during the cascading failure. What is more, in order to reduce the workload and overcome the limitation of present methods, we analyzed the relevance of the branches to be predicted by using the kernel fuzzy C-means (KFCM) clustering algorithm and select the branches with the highest value of relevance as the subsequent failure. Based on the predicted fault chain, vulnerability analysis is presented to locate critical component and find out the correlation between cascading outages. The comprehensive evaluation index is also established to effectively evaluate the impact severity of cascading failure. Finally, the case studies are carried out on the combined heating and power systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A fast image retrieval system using index lookup table on mobile device (2008)

The development of mobile-based image retrieval system is required for the efficient management about various image data with fast growth of mobile devices. The resource of mobile phone is a bit limited due to low memory capacity and low CPU performance. Hence, the system which is applicable on mobile phone should overcome the problem of limited resource. In this paper, we propose the fast feature extraction method which is applicable on mobile environment. The proposed algorithm is based on the lookup table which converts RGB color space to one of 36 indices on HSV color space. By the lookup table-based feature extraction, we extract three histograms which is about color distribution and the location of the distribution. Then, we load the proposed algorithm to mobile phone. Our system can query by three different quries: query-by-image, query-by-color, and query-by-blob. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is a fast and stable engine enough to utilize on mobile platform.
The importance of CELF control: molecular and biological roles of the CUG‐BP, Elav‐like family of RNA‐binding proteins (2011)

RNA processing is important for generating protein diversity and modulating levels of protein expression. The CUG-BP, Elav-like family (CELF) of RNA-binding proteins regulate several steps of RNA processing in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including pre-mRNA alternative splicing, C to U RNA editing, deadenylation, mRNA decay, and translation. In vivo, CELF proteins have been shown to play roles in gametogenesis and early embryonic development, heart and skeletal muscle function, and neurosynaptic transmission. Dysregulation of CELF-mediated programs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases affecting the heart, skeletal muscles, and nervous system.
Novel maleimide-type acceptors based on annelated 1,4-dithiins (1992)

Bis(tetraethylammonium) bis-(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato)zincate(II)5 reacted with a range of 3,4-dichloromaleimides 4(R = H, alkyl or aryl) to give a new annelated 1,4-dithiin system 6 in high yield. Oxidation of the thiones 6 gives the corresponding [1,3]-dithiolones 7. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that the new compounds are electron acceptors.
Tracking drifting surface objects with aerial infrared and electro-optical sensors (2012)

Recently, researchers at the Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington collected a unique dataset by suspending two cameras, one infrared and one electro-optical, from a balloon. This apparatus was then used to image objects drifting on the surface of Lake Washington. The authors took that data and built a processing stream to track the movements of those drifting surface objects.
Estimation of Electrical Power Quantities by Means of Kalman Filtering (2009)

This chapter gives an introduction to the applications of Kalman filtering in electrical power systems. Power quality disturbances are introduced, considering their sources and impact, and monitoring examples are given. The literature on this researching area is reviewed, given a detailed analysis of the most applied signal models as well as their implementation in MatLab/Simulink. Moreover, a new signal model which considers a three-phase threewires power system with voltage unbalances and harmonically distorted grid voltages is given. The proposed signal model is compared to a previously proposed signal model in single phase power systems by means of simulation tests carried out using MatLab/Simulink.
Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by squalene epoxidase inhibitor avoids apoptotic cell death in L6 myoblasts (1997)

The relationship between the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and occurrence of myopathy was studied in L6 myoblasts using two lines of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) and squalene epoxidase inhibitors (TU-2078 and NB-598). All inhibitors completely inhibited the cholesterol synthesis in L6 myoblasts at doses of 1 and 3 microM. Simvastatin (3 microM) inhibited the fusion reaction of L6 myoblasts followed by the severe cellular damage. The myoblasts also had failed actin fiber formation and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) production. Additionally, this agent also caused apoptotic cell death in differentiated L6 muscle fiber, indicating that skeletal myopathy by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors seems to occur not only in differentiating immature myoblasts but also in matured skeletal myotubes. In contrast, TU-2078 and NB-598 had no effect on the fusion reaction of differentiating myoblasts or on the cellular viability of muscle fiber at 3 microM, enough to completely inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. It is conceivable that the mevalonate depletion and subsequent failure of ras farnesylation induced by simvastatin might cause the defects in differentiation and maintenance of the muscle fiber. Squalene epoxidase inhibitors did not show this adverse effect presumably because of the enzyme inhibition downstream of farnesyl synthesis. The present findings suggest the safe use of squalene epoxidase inhibitors in lipid-lowering therapy.
Tunable oxide-bypassed trench gate MOSFET: breaking the ideal superjunction MOSFET performance line at equal column width (2003)

The superjunction (SJ) MOSFET power device is recognized for its higher blocking capability and lower on-state resistance that break the conventional unipolar silicon limit. However, SJ devices below 100 V rating incur the constraint of unrealistically narrow column widths , and their performance is greatly handicapped due to difficulties in the formation of perfectly charge-balanced SJ p-n columns by current process technology. Based on an alternative approach of the tunable oxide-bypassed (TOB) SJ MOSFET concept, a TOB-UMOS device of 79 V rating has been successfully fabricated for the first time. Laboratory measurements indicate that the device breaks the ideal SJ MOSFET performance line at equal column width of 3.5 μm, and potentially the ideal silicon limit as well.
Semantic Segmentation of Human Thigh Quadriceps Muscle in Magnetic Resonance Images (2018)

This paper presents an end-to-end solution for MRI thigh quadriceps segmentation. This is the first attempt that deep learning methods are used for the MRI thigh segmentation task. We use the state-of-the-art Fully Convolutional Networks with transfer learning approach for the semantic segmentation of regions of interest in MRI thigh scans. To further improve the performance of the segmentation, we propose a post-processing technique using basic image processing methods. With our proposed method, we have established a new benchmark for MRI thigh quadriceps segmentation with mean Jaccard Similarity Index of 0.9502 and processing time of 0.117 second per image.
Verbs of Science and the Learner's Dictionary (2008)

This paper looks at how the verbs of science are displayed in the OALD and then compares them to a specialised corpus. The individual entries will be studied to see whether the scientific aspect is signalled, how the definitions are structured, and if implicit information is carried in the examples. The examples are analysed using Halliday’s Systemic and Functional Grammar (SFG). The results in each section are compared with usage cases found in a subcorpus from the British National Corpus and in a specialised corpus. 1.
Exosome isolation: a microfluidic road-map (2015)

Exosomes, first isolated 30 years ago, are nanoscale vesicles shed by most types of cells. The nucleic acid rich content of these nanoparticles, floating in virtually all bodily fluids, has great potential for non-invasive molecular diagnostics and may represent a novel therapeutic delivery system. However, current isolation techniques such as ultracentrifugation are not convenient and do not result in high purity isolation. This represents an interesting challenge for microfluidic technologies, from a cost-effective perspective as well as for enhanced purity capabilities, and point-of-care acquisition and diagnosis. In this frontier review, we present the current challenges, comment the first microfluidic advances in this new field and propose a roadmap for future developments. This review enables biologists and clinicians familiar with exosome enrichment to assess the performance of novel microfluidic devices and, equally, enables microfluidic engineers to educate themselves about this new class of promising biomarker-rich particles and the challenges arising from their clinical use.
Location-based mode selection and resource allocation in cellular networks with D2D underlay (2015)

The paper presents a location-based approach to transmission mode selection and uplink resource allocation for device-to-device (D2D) underlay in frequency reuse-1 (FRF-1) cellular system. A location-based transmission mode selection mechanism is proposed, where decisions on transmission mode are based on the transmit power criterion. The mode selection procedure is strongly intertwined with proper D2D resource allocation. In this paper a long-term location-based uplink resource allocation scheme is proposed. Proposed solutions are investigated by the means of system level simulations in a multi-cell frequency reuse-1 cellular network.
Epilepsy and respiratory chain defects in children with mitochondrial encephalopathies (2008)

To the Editors: We read with interest the recent article on mitochondrial respiratory chain defects in children with epilepsy in the April issue of Epilepsia (Lee et al., 2008). The authors address an important and so-far poorly studied topic in the field of pediatric epilepsy. We would like to share our group’s clinical experience with mitochondrial encephalopathies in children with epilepsy, recently published in Neuropediatrics (Khurana et al., 2008), which has striking similarities with the findings of Lee et al. In the report of Lee et al., the authors described their study of 48 children with epilepsy and mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, and found deficiencies more frequently in complex I (73%), but also in complex IV (23%), complex II (2%), and in a combination of complexes I and IV (2%). In our study of 38 children with mitochondrial encephalopathy and mitochondrial respiratory chain defects, 61% had epilepsy, with 70% of them having refractory epilepsy. Complex II was the single most common defect seen overall in 57% of patients; however, children with epilepsy, and particularly those with refractory epilepsy, had a significantly higher incidence of complex I defects than children without epilepsy. The high incidence of complex I defects in children with epilepsy observed both by Lee et al. and our group indicates that some mitochondrial respiratory chain abnormalities are more frequent in patients with epilepsy, suggesting a possible relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress dysfunction and the epileptogenic process. In both studies, the majority of patients had a nonspecific encephalopathy, with only a few patients fitting into the clearly defined clinical syndromes of MELAS, MERRF, Kearn Sayre disease, or Leigh disease. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the biochemical findings on muscle biopsy. We would, therefore, concur with the conclusion of Lee et al. that mitochondrial respiratory chain defects are an important cause of symptomatic childhood epilepsy. Therefore, this group of disorders should be considered and investigated in any child with an underlying encephalopathy and epilepsy. We confirm that we have read the Journal’s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines. Disclosure: None of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose.
Selective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents ischaemic brain injury (1999)

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine (1400W), a selective inhibitor of inducible calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), on the functional and histopathological outcomes of experimental transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats. 2. Transient ischaemia was produced by the occlusion for 2 h of both the left middle cerebral artery and common carotid artery. Treatments with 1400W (20 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle were started 18 h after occlusion of the arteries and consisted in seven subcutaneous injections at 8 h interval. Ischaemic outcomes and NOS activities (constitutive and calcium-independent NOS) were evaluated 3 days after ischaemia. 3. 1400W significantly reduced ischaemic lesion volume by 31%, and attenuated weight loss and neurological dysfunction. 4. 1400W attenuated the calcium-independent NOS activity in the infarct by 36% without affecting the constitutive NOS activity. 5. These findings suggest that iNOS activation contributes to tissue damage and that selective inhibitors of this isoform may be of interest for the treatment of stroke.
Multiscale vorticity from a swarm of drifters (2015)

A group of autonomous, drivable surface drifters is able to measure surface current vorticity over a range of length scales. Standard X-shaped drifters are equipped with the ability to fold into a low-drag configuration and navigate as a group. The drifters can be autonomously deployed to a target location and can be commanded to regroup during a drift to maintain a consistent distribution. In this way the evolution of surface currents in a parcel of water can be tracked with a consistent resolution.
Effects of titanium content on properties of sol-gel silica-titania films via organically modified silane precursors (2001)

The effects of titanium content on the properties of silica-titania films by the sol-gel method using γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and tetrapropylorthotitanate (TPOT) as the starting materials have been investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy have been used to investigate the optical and structural properties of the films. These results showed that crack-free and high transparency (in the visible and near infrared range) silica-titania films with a thickness of 0.75 µm could be obtained by a single spin-coating process after a heat treatment at 500 °C. The hardness and Young's modulus of the films were also characterized by a nanoindenter and showed a linear dependence on the titanium content. Hardness as high as 9.0 GPa was achieved in a high titanium content film at a heat treatment temperature of 800 °C.