gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Mechanism of Action of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on Reproduction in Dairy Cows (2007)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of action through which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) beneficially affects reproduction. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 45, 20 +/- 1 DIM) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 70 g/d of Ca salts of tallow (control); 63 g/d of lipid-encapsulated CLA providing 7.1 g/d of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and 2.4 g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA (CLA 75:25); or 76 g/d of lipid-encapsulated CLA providing 7.1 g/d each of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA (CLA 50:50). Supplements were top-dressed for 37 d, milk production and DMI were recorded daily, and blood samples were taken 3 times per week. At 30 +/- 3 DIM, ovulation was synchronized in all cows with a modified Ovsynch protocol, and on d 15 of the cycle cows received an oxytocin injection; blood samples were obtained frequently to measure 13,14 dihydro, 15-keto PGF2alpha. On d 16 of the cycle cows received a PGF2alpha injection and ovarian follicular aspiration was performed 54 h later. Follicular fluid was analyzed for fatty acids, progesterone, and estradiol. Endometrial biopsies were taken before and again near the end of the supplementation period for fatty acid analysis. The CLA resulted in decreased milk fat content of 14.1 and 6.1% at wk 5 of treatment of CLA 50:50 and CLA 75:25, respectively. There were no differences in energy balance or plasma nonesterified fatty acids; however, plasma IGF-I was greater in cows supplemented with CLA 50:50. The CLA isomers were not detectable in endometrial tissue, but cis-9, trans-11 CLA tended to be greater in follicular fluid of supplemented cows. Response to the oxytocin challenge was not different among treatments. Progesterone during the early luteal phase and the estradiol:progesterone ratio in follicular fluid tended to be greater in cows supplemented with CLA 50:50. Overall, these results indicate that short periods of CLA supplementation do not alter uterine secretion of PGF2alpha. The mechanism through which CLA affects reproduction may involve improved ovarian follicular steroidogenesis and increased circulating concentrations of IGF-I.
Structural basis for the activation of FGFR by NCAM (2008)

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) can be activated through direct interaction with the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). The extracellular part of the FGFR consists of three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) modules, and that of the NCAM consists of five Ig and two fibronectin type III (F3) modules. NCAM-FGFR interactions are mediated by the third FGFR Ig module and the second NCAM F3 module. Using surface plasmon resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, the present study demonstrates that the second Ig module of FGFR also is involved in binding to the NCAM. The second Ig module residues involved in binding were identified and shown to be localized on the "opposite sides" of the module, indicating that when NCAMs are clustered (e.g., due to homophilic binding), high-affinity FGFR binding sites may be formed by the neighboring NCAMs.
Improved solid aerosol generator (1988)

An improved solid aerosol generator used to produce a gas borne stream of dry, solid particles of predetermined size and concentration. The improved solid aerosol generator nebulizes a feed solution of known concentration with a flow of preheated gas and dries the resultant wet heated aerosol in a grounded, conical heating chamber, achieving high recovery and flow rates. 2 figs.
Genesis of a Hybrid-Composite Beam (2002)

This paper will address the evolution of a structural member comprised of several building materials, each with unique performance characteristics. The conventional materials are combined in an embodiment of a beam that exploits the inherent benefits of each material in such a manner to optimize the overall structural performance.
Toughening Behavior in Whisker‐Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites (1988)

The toughening behavior of whisker‐reinforced ceramics is analyzed in terms of a whisker bridging zone immediately behind the crack tip. This approach is consistent with microscopy observations which reveal that intact bridging whiskers exist behind the crack tip as a result of debonding of the whisker‐matrix interface. The theoretical results based on both the stress intensity and the energy change introduced by bridging whiskers reveal the dependence of toughening upon the composition and matrix, interface, and whisker properties. Furthermore, the analytical models of whisker bridging accompanied by very limited pullout accurately describe experimental observations of the toughening behavior in several SiC‐whisker‐reinforced ceramics. Such analytical descriptions also indicate that increases in whisker size and strength and modification of interface properties will result in further increases in toughness by whisker reinforcement.
Selective Hydrogen Production from Cellulose at Low Temperature Catalyzed by Supported Group 10 Metal (2000)

Abstract Cellulose, a major component of woody biomass, reacts in hot-compressed water at 350 °C and 160–200 atm in the presence of a supported group 10 metal catalyst (2 wt%) for 10 min to give gas, consisting of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane. Hydrogen was produced in high yield (8.1 mmol/g cellulose) and high selectivity (H2/CH4 = ca. 6) catalyzed by a supported Ni, Pd, or Pt. Among them, Pd supported on Al2O3 particularly had highest catalytic activity for this gasification.
High-efficiency, low-threshold, Zn-diffused narrow stripe GaAs/GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1982)

Deep Zn-diffused, 4-μm stripe thin p active layer GaAs/GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition are reported. Threshold currents as low as 40 mA (length 220 μm), a characteristic temperature as large as 170 °C, and external differential quantum efficiencies as high as 80–90% are obtained. Single longitudinal and transverse mode operation of these lasers is also observed.
Optical fiber probes for particle size/velocity measurements: a simulation model Part 1 (1988)

A ray tracing model was developed to simulate the performance of an optical fiber-based sensor system for the measurement of particle size and velocity in two-phase flows. The model describes how particle size and velocity measurements based on the visibility and phase lag techniques behave when the size of the transmitting and sensing optics, their proximity to the measurement volume, and the size of the measurement volume itself are comparable with or larger than the size of the particle being measured.
Using sketches to estimate associations (2005)

We should not have to look at the entire corpus (e.g., the Web) to know if two words are associated or not. A powerful sampling technique called Sketches was originally introduced to remove duplicate Web pages. We generalize sketches to estimate contingency tables and associations, using a maximum likelihood estimator to find the most likely contingency table given the sample, the margins (document frequencies) and the size of the collection. Not unsurprisingly, computational work and statistical accuracy (variance or errors) depend on sampling rate, as will be shown both theoretically and empirically. Sampling methods become more and more important with larger and larger collections. At Web scale, sampling rates as low as 10-4 may suffice.
Scanning Near-field Optical Microscope Designed for Operation in Liquids (1997)

We report on the construction of a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM), which has been designed to permit imaging at the solid/liquid interface. The probe consists of a tapered fibre tip and the so called lateral shear force is used for the tip-sample distance regulation. The liquid environment causes damping of the tip vibration and lowering of the resonance frequency by approx. 20% which can not be explained by the model of a harmonic oscillator. We demonstrate the optical and topographical resolution of the instrument utilizing test grids for atomic force microscopy. First results of in-situ observation of adsorption of human serum albumin proteins at a thin film of polystyrene from aqueous buffer solution are presented. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lossy parametric motion model compression for global motion temporal filtering (2012)

It has been shown that techniques using higher-order motion parameters outperform common translational motion compensated prediction for hybrid video coders. A critical issue is the transmission of accurate higher-order motion parameters with as little additional bits as possible to maximize the compression gain of the whole system. For that, we propose a compression scheme for perspective motion models using transformation before quantization and temporal redundancy reduction and integrate this scheme into a video coding environment using adaptive global motion temporal filtering. Experimental results show that using the proposed compression scheme for the perspective motion models, the BD-rate can be improved up to 8.8% in average in the higher bit rate range and up to 7.7% in average in the lower bit rate range compared to the latest version of the HEVC test model HM 4.0.
Device for obtaining quarter-tones and other micro-intervals on musical wind instruments with lateral holes (1988)

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of 3'-C-Cyano-3'-Deoxynucleosides (1989)

Abstract A series of 3′-C-cyano-3′-deoxy and 3′-C-cyano-2′,3′-dideoxy-nucleoside analogues of thymidine, uridine, cytidine and adenosine have been prepared. Their antiviral activity was assessed in various assay systems and while none of the compounas proved specifically active against human immunodeficiency virus, some compounds had marked activity against other viruses.
Objective video presentation QoE predictor for smart adaptive video streaming (2015)

How to deliver videos to consumers over the network for optimal quality-of-experience (QoE) has been the central goal of modern video delivery services. Surprisingly, regardless of the large volume of videos being delivered everyday through various systems attempting to improve visual QoE, the actual QoE of end consumers is not properly assessed, not to say using QoE as the key factor in making critical decisions at the video hosting, network and receiving sites. Real-world video streaming systems typically use bitrate as the main video presentation quality indicator, but using the same bitrate to encode different video content could result in drastically different visual QoE, which is further affected by the display device and viewing condition of each individual consumer who receives the video. To correct this, we have to put QoE back to the driver's seat and redesign the video delivery systems. To achieve this goal, a major challenge is to find an objective video presentation QoE predictor that is accurate, fast, easy-to-use, display device adaptive, and provides meaningful QoE predictions across resolution and content. We propose to use the newly developed SSIMplus index (https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~z70wang/research/ssimplus/) for this role. We demonstrate that based on SSIMplus, one can develop a smart adaptive video streaming strategy that leads to much smoother visual QoE impossible to achieve using existing adaptive bitrate video streaming approaches. Furthermore, SSIMplus finds many more applications, in live and file-based quality monitoring, in benchmarking video encoders and transcoders, and in guiding network resource allocations.
Time-stampless adaptive nonuniform sampling for stochastic signals (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a time-stampless adaptive nonuniform sampling (TANS) framework, in which time increments between samples are determined by a function of the m most recent increments and sample values. Since only past samples are used in computing time increments, it is not necessary to save sampling times (time stamps) for use in the reconstruction process. We focus on two TANS schemes for discrete-time stochastic signals: a greedy method, and a method based on dynamic programming. We analyze the performances of these schemes by computing (or bounding) their trade-offs between sampling rate and expected reconstruction distortion for Markovian signals. Simulation results support the analysis of the sampling schemes. We show that by opportunistically adapting to local signal characteristics TANS may lead to improved power efficiency in some applications.
Automated Framework for Digital Radiation Dose Index Reporting From CT Dose Reports (2011)

A modular and vendor-independent DIRA system can be integrated with any existing CT scanner. This system greatly facilitates digital dose index reporting and makes it possible to provide a longitudinal record of the health care radiation exposure estimate in an individual patient's health record.
The dynamic influence of cells on the formation of stable emulsions in organic–aqueous biotransformations (2015)

Emulsion stability plays a crucial role for mass transfer and downstream processing in organic-aqueous bioprocesses based on whole microbial cells. In this study, emulsion stability dynamics and the factors determining them during two-liquid phase biotransformation were investigated for stereoselective styrene epoxidation catalyzed by recombinant Escherichia coli. Upon organic phase addition, emulsion stability rapidly increased correlating with a loss of solubilized protein from the aqueous cultivation broth and the emergence of a hydrophobic cell fraction associated with the organic-aqueous interface. A novel phase inversion-based method was developed to isolate and analyze cellular material from the interface. In cell-free experiments, a similar loss of aqueous protein did not correlate with high emulsion stability, indicating that the observed particle-based emulsions arise from a convergence of factors related to cell density, protein adsorption, and bioreactor conditions. During styrene epoxidation, emulsion destabilization occurred correlating with product-induced cell toxification. For biphasic whole-cell biotransformations, this study indicates that control of aqueous protein concentrations and selective toxification of cells enables emulsion destabilization and emphasizes that biological factors and related dynamics must be considered in the design and modeling of respective upstream and especially downstream processes.
Inhibitory Effect of Dietary <italic>p</italic>-Methoxybenzeneselenol on Azoxymethane-Induced Colon and Kidney Carcinogenesis in Female F344 Rats<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4">4</xref> (1985)

The effect of dietary p-methoxybenzeneselenol on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane [(AOM) CAS: 25843-45-2] was studied in female F344 rats. Starting at 5 weeks of age, animals were fed the high-fat diet (control diet) or high-fat diet to which 50 ppm of p-methoxybenzeneselenol (experimental diet) had been added. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except the vehicle-treated controls were administered sc injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 3 wk). Animals were fed the control and experimental diets until 1 week after carcinogen treatment when those animals receiving the p-methoxybenzeneselenol diet were fed the control diet until termination of the experiment. p-Methoxybenzeneselenol in the diet significantly inhibited the incidence (percentage of animals with tumors) of tumors in the colon and kidney, as well as the colon tumor multiplicity (adenomas and adenocarcinomas per animal).
Mesoporous Silica for Desorption-Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Here we demonstrate the use of mesoporous silica thin films for matrix free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS). In spite of the growing acceptance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for biomolecular analysis, its use in small molecule analysis and tandem MS experiments has been limited. This is chiefly due to interference from matrix molecules and/or issues with uniform energy transfer from matrix to analyte upon UV laser excitation. Further, known matrices are specific for certain molecules, which is an obstacle to rapid analysis of a diverse set of samples. In light of this, recent efforts to develop matrix-free desorption-ionization approaches assume significance. Currently available supports for matrix-free MS include porous silicon and sol-gel-titania films. Mesoporous silica thin films are shown here to be an alternative matrix-free support for mass spectrometry analyses of small molecules (<1000 Da). These films are simple to produce, require no special handling or storage, and are stable at ambient laboratory conditions for at least several months. Mass spectra of several low molecular weight molecules desorbed from mesoporous silica without added matrix will be presented.
Broad-band LP<sub>02</sub> mode excitation using a fused-type mode-selective coupler (2003)

We demonstrate a novel fused-type directional coupler that couples the LP/sub 01/ mode in one fiber and the LP/sub 02/ mode in another using a few-mode fiber. The phase-matching condition was satisfied in the coupler waist by initially etching and prepulling portions of the fibers based on simple numerical calculation. A coupling efficiency of about 70% was maintained over 1515-1595-nm wavelength range, and the mode extinction ratios with LP/sub 01/, LP,/sub 11/, and LP/sub 21/ modes were measured to be 35,20, and 7 dB, respectively.
Protection Against<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection and Upper Genital Tract Pathological Changes by Vaccine-Promoted Neutralizing Antibodies Directed to the VD4 of the Major Outer Membrane Protein (2015)

The VD4 region from the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein contains important neutralizing B-cell epitopes of relevance for antibody-mediated protection against genital tract infection. We developed a multivalent vaccine construct based on VD4s and their surrounding constant segments from serovars D, E, and F. Adjuvanted with cationic liposomes, this construct promoted strong immune responses to serovar-specific epitopes, the conserved LNPTIAG epitope and neutralized serovars D, E, and F. Vaccinated mice were protected against challenge, with protection defined as reduced bacterial numbers in vagina and prevention of pathological changes in the upper genital tract. Adoptive transfer of serum and T-cell depletion experiments demonstrated a dominant role for antibodies and CD4(+) T cells in the protective immune response. Integrating a multivalent VD4 construct into the sequence of the major outer membrane protein resulted in a protective and broadly neutralizing vaccine. Our findings emphasize the important role of antibodies in protection against Chlamydia trachomatis.
Plastid-localized acetyl-CoA carboxylase of bread wheat is encoded by a single gene on each of the three ancestral chromosome sets (1997)

5'-End fragments of two genes encoding plastid-localized acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were cloned and sequenced. The sequences of the two genes, Acc-1,1 and Acc-1,2, are 89% identical. Their exon sequences are 98% identical. The amino acid sequence of the biotin carboxylase domain encoded by Acc-1,1 and Acc-1,2 is 93% identical with the maize plastid ACCase but only 80-84% identical with the cytosolic ACCases from other plants and from wheat. Four overlapping fragments of cDNA covering the entire coding region were cloned by PCR and sequenced. The wheat plastid ACCase ORF contains 2,311 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 255 kDa. A putative transit peptide is present at the N terminus. Comparison of the genomic and cDNA sequences revealed introns at conserved sites found in the genes of other plant multifunctional ACCases, including two introns absent from the wheat cytosolic ACCase genes. Transcription start sites of the plastid ACCase genes were estimated from the longest cDNA clones obtained by 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The untranslated leader sequence encoded by the Acc-1 genes is at least 130-170 nucleotides long and is interrupted by an intron. Southern analysis indicates the presence of only one copy of the gene in each ancestral chromosome set. The gene maps near the telomere on the short arm of chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D. Identification of three different cDNAs, two corresponding to genes Acc-1,1 and Acc-1,2, indicates that all three genes are transcriptionally active.
Engineered fusion protein-loaded gold nanocarriers for targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and erbB2-siRNA in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2+ ovarian cancer (2017)

Designed recombinant proteins comprising functional domains offer selective targeting of cancer cells for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents. The efficacy of these carriers can be further enhanced by conjugating engineered proteins to nanoparticle surfaces. However, recombinant protein-loaded nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are not well addressed for ovarian cancer therapy. In the present study, using a combinatorial approach, we designed and fabricated a drug delivery system by combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with an engineered bi-functional recombinant fusion protein TRAF(C) (TR), loaded with an anticancer drug, namely doxorubicin (DX), and erbB2-siRNA (si), to mediate target specific delivery into SK-OV-3, a model human ovarian cancer cell line over expressing HER2 receptors (i.e. human epidermal growth factor receptor-2). The nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system, designated as TDDS (Au-TR-DX-si), was found to be stable and homogenous as revealed by physicochemical and biochemical studies in vitro. In addition, TDDS was functional upon evaluation in vivo. Intraperitoneal administration of TDDS at 2.5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> of DX and 0.25 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> of erbB2 siRNA into SK-OV-3 xenograft nude mice, revealed target specific uptake and consequent gene silencing resulting in significant tumor suppression. We attribute these results to specific co-delivery of erbB2 siRNA and DX mediated by TDDS into SK-OV-3 cells via HER2 receptors. Additionally, the biodistribution of TDDS, as quantitated by ICP-OES, confirmed tumor-specific accumulation of AuNPs primarily in tumor tissues, which firmly establishes the efficacy of the nanomedicine-based combinatorial approach for the treatment of ovarian cancer in a non-toxic manner. Based on these findings, we strongly believe that the nanomedicine-based combinatorial approach can be developed as a universal strategy for treatment of HER2+ ovarian cancers.
UV Cure of Epoxysiloxanes and Epoxysilicones (1990)

Polydimethylsiloxanes, commonly referred to as silicones, are unique materials with a broad range of applications in industrial, consumer, and cosmetic products and processes. There are excellent opportunities for silicone suppliers to take advantage of growing market demand for radiation-curable silicone coatings used for release of pressure-sensitive adhesives, conformal coatings, and other diverse applications which combine unique silicone properties with low-temperature processing, high speed through-put, and the low energy and environmental impact of radiation processing. Among the most successful of the new radiation-curable silicone coating systems are compositions incorporating cycloaliphatic epoxy-functional silicone polymers with compatible iodonium salt photocatalysts (1 - 5). The syntheses, structures, UV cure response, and other properties of these materials and some of their derivatives and monomeric homologs are discussed in the balance of this chapter. Their specific application for release coatings has been described in great detail elsewhere (5,6) and is not the subject of this paper.