gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero-Shot Cross-lingual Classification Using Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2018)

Transferring representations from large supervised tasks to downstream tasks has shown promising results in AI fields such as Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing (NLP). In parallel, the recent progress in Machine Translation (MT) has enabled one to train multilingual Neural MT (NMT) systems that can translate between multiple languages and are also capable of performing zero-shot translation. However, little attention has been paid to leveraging representations learned by a multilingual NMT system to enable zero-shot multilinguality in other NLP tasks. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple framework, a multilingual Encoder-Classifier, for cross-lingual transfer learning by reusing the encoder from a multilingual NMT system and stitching it with a task-specific classifier component. Our proposed model achieves significant improvements in the English setup on three benchmark tasks - Amazon Reviews, SST and SNLI. Further, our system can perform classification in a new language for which no classification data was seen during training, showing that zero-shot classification is possible and remarkably competitive. In order to understand the underlying factors contributing to this finding, we conducted a series of analyses on the effect of the shared vocabulary, the training data type for NMT, classifier complexity, encoder representation power, and model generalization on zero-shot performance. Our results provide strong evidence that the representations learned from multilingual NMT systems are widely applicable across languages and tasks.
Acicular Mullite–Cordierite Composites with Controllable CTE Values (2010)

A new, two‐step method for the synthesis of porous mullite–cordierite composites with controllable coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) values is reported. In the first step, a porous structure of interconnected acicular mullite grains with high aspect ratios is formed by using SiF 4 gas at elevated temperatures. This intermediate contains particles of MgF 2 and cristobalite that are attached to the mullite grains. In the second step, MgF 2 and cristobalite react with parts of the acicular mullite structure, and they form cordierite, while maintaining the acicular nature of the resulting mullite–cordierite composite. CTE of mullite–cordierite composites synthesized using this method decrease about linearly with increasing cordierite content, and porosities range from 49% in cordierite‐rich composite to 54% in a mullite‐rich composite. The CTE value of a desired porous composite can be easily controlled by choosing the appropriate ratios of reactants Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , and MgO, which result in the desired mullite‐to‐cordierite ratio with its characteristic CTE value.
Human Prorenin Has “Gate and Handle” Regions for Its Non-proteolytic Activation (2003)

We investigated the mechanism for non-proteolytic activation of human prorenin using five kinds of antibodies. Each of the antigens, L1PPTDTTTFKRI11P, T7PFKRIFLKRMP17P, I11PFLKRMPSIRESLKER26P, M16PPSIRESLKER26P, and G27PVDMARLGPEWSQPM41P, was designed from the tertiary structure of predicted prorenin. These antibodies were labeled anti-01/06, anti-07/10, anti-11/26, anti-16/26, and anti-27/41, respectively, for their binding specificities. Inactive recombinant human prorenin (0.1 nM) bound to various concentrations of anti-01/06, anti-11/26, and anti-27/41 antibodies at 4 degrees C with equilibrium dissociation constants of 138, 41, and 22 nM, respectively. However, intact prorenin (0.1 nM) did not show significant binding to 200 nM anti-07/10 and anti-16/26 antibodies for 20 h. Ninety percent of prorenin (0.1 nM) was found to be non-proteolytically activated by incubation with anti-11/26 antibodies (200 nM) at 4 degrees C for 20 h. Prorenin was not active even under complex with either anti-01/06 or anti-27/41 antibodies. Prorenin was also reversibly activated at pH 3.3 and 4 degrees C for 25 h. The acid-activated prorenin bound to anti-07/10 and anti-16/26 antibodies as well as to anti-01/06, anti-11/15, and anti-27/41 antibodies at neutral pH and 4 degrees C in 2 h. Their dissociation constants were 13, 40, 8.6, 3.6, and 14 nM, respectively. The acid-activated prorenin was re-inactivated by incubation at pH 7.4 and 4 degrees C in 50 h. Anti-07/10 and anti-11/26 antibodies inhibited such re-inactivation at 25 degrees C by more than 90% and 50%, respectively, whereas other kinds of antibodies did not prevent the re-inactivation at 25 degrees C. These results indicate that prorenin has "gate" (T7PFKR10P) and "handle" (I11PFLKR15P) regions critical for its non-proteolytic activation.
MP07-16 DEVELOPMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER GENE SIGNATURES AND GENE SCORES OF AGGRESSIVENESS FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS AMERICANS (2016)

disease (NOCD) as pT3 or N1 status. Clinical and pathologic variables were compared based on PTEN and ERG status.
Human mesenchymal stem cell-educated macrophages: a potential therapy for GVHD and radiation injury (TRAN1P.944) (2015)

Abstract Total body irradiation is typically used to condition patients for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, leading to release of inflammatory cytokines from damaged tissues. After transplant, many patients develop graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) resulting from donor T cells attacking host tissues leading to further inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunosuppressive and tissue repair properties, but clinical trials using MSCs to treat GVHD have shown mixed results. Macrophages (MQs) are important regulators of immunity and can promote tissue remodeling. We have previously shown that MSCs can educate MQs toward a unique anti-inflammatory phenotype, however the implications for in vivo models of inflammation have not been studied. Using flow cytometry, we found that in comparison to MQs, mesenchymal stem cell-educated macrophages (MEMs) have increased expression of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 (p=0.039), PD-L2 (p=0.0002), and markers of alternatively activated macrophages: CD206 (p=0.04) and CD163 (p= 0.0004). MEMs also show increased expression of TGF-β (p&lt;0.0001), Arginase-1 (p&lt;0.0001) and IL-6 (p=0.0006), and decreased expression of IL-12 (p=0.004) and TNF-α (p&lt;0.0001) by RT-PCR. In two xenogeneic mouse models, we show that MEMs significantly enhance survival from lethal GVHD (p=0.028 vs MSC) and from lethal radiation (p=0.0044 vs MSC). MEMs could be a novel cellular therapy for the management of GVHD and protection from radiation-induced injury.
Mechanochemical synthesis and thermoelectric properties of high quality magnesium silicide (2011)

Magnesium silicide and related alloys are attractive for thermoelectric applications due to their low toxicity, thermal stability, low density, relative abundance and low cost of production. Earlier work on the synthesis of Mg2Siviahigh energy ball milling resulted in incomplete product formation, oxide impurities, and contamination from milling media. Here we present an improved solid-state synthesis of n-type magnesium silicide using the mechanochemical technique of high energy ball milling of the elements followed by high pressure sintering using hot uniaxial compaction. This robust synthetic method permits a detailed investigation of thermoelectric properties as a function of Bi doping. The thermoelectric properties of Mg2Si1−xBix (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.021) samples are characterized from 300 K to 775 K. These results are analyzed within a single parabolic band (SPB) model to determine the effective conduction band parameters and identify regimes of non-SPB behavior.
New strategies for the synthesis of vitamin D metabolites via palladium-catalyzed reactions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew strategies for the synthesis of vitamin D metabolites via palladium-catalyzed reactionsBarry M. Trost, Jacques Dumas, and Marco VillaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 25, 9836–9845Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00051a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00051a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2020Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Screen-printed dopant paste interdigitated back contact solar cells (2015)

We report on progress made with an all-screen-printed interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell process. The rear side interdigitated doping pattern is defined using screen printed boron and phosphorus dopant pastes with thermal drive-in. High printing and doping fidelity as well as high wafer bulk lifetime are demonstrated. Screen printed fire-through metal pastes are also used for contacts. We present pilot line data for n-type CZ silicon, 156 mm pseudo-square cells achieving a 21.3% champion efficiency and 21% median efficiency. Improvements to the boron emitter metal contact are highlighted as a path to achieve 22% efficiency.
Transform coefficient coding in HEVC (2012)

ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG have undertaken a joint standardization activity on video coding called High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). This paper describes the transform coefficient coding in the HEVC Test Model (WD5) and the motivations driving the design. The coefficient coding description encompasses the scan patterns and the coding methods of the last significant coefficient, significance map and coefficient level. Special focus is given to the method for coding the last significant coefficient in the block.
Transforming Growth Factor α (TGFα)-Stimulated Secretion of HSP90α: Using the Receptor LRP-1/CD91 To Promote Human Skin Cell Migration against a TGFβ-Rich Environment during Wound Healing (2008)

Jump-starting and subsequently maintaining epidermal and dermal cell migration are essential processes for skin wound healing. These events are often disrupted in nonhealing wounds, causing patient morbidity and even fatality. Currently available treatments are unsatisfactory. To identify novel wound-healing targets, we investigated secreted molecules from transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha)-stimulated human keratinoytes, which contained strong motogenic, but not mitogenic, activity. Protein purification allowed us to identify the heat shock protein 90alpha (hsp90alpha) as the factor fully responsible for the motogenic activity in keratinocyte secretion. TGFalpha causes rapid membrane translocation and subsequent secretion of hsp90alpha via the unconventional exosome pathway in the cells. Secreted hsp90alpha promotes both epidermal and dermal cell migration through the surface receptor LRP-1 (LDL receptor-related protein 1)/CD91. The promotility activity resides in the middle domain plus the charged sequence of hsp90alpha but is independent of the ATPase activity. Neutralizing the extracellular function of hsp90alpha blocks TGFalpha-induced keratinicyte migration. Most intriguingly, unlike the effects of canonical growth factors, the hsp90alpha signaling overrides the inhibition of TGFbeta, an abundant inhibitor of dermal cell migration in skin wounds. This finding provides a long-sought answer to the question of how dermal cells migrate into the wound environment to build new connective tissues and blood vessels. Thus, secreted hsp90alpha is potentially a new agent for wound healing.
Multipotent Retinal Progenitors Express Developmental Markers, Differentiate into Retinal Neurons, and Preserve Light-Mediated Behavior (2004)

These findings have implications for the treatment of retinal degeneration, in which neuronal replacement and photoreceptor rescue are major therapeutic goals.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase expression in embryonic and adult murine tissues (2012)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid involved in immunity, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer. S1P lyase (SPL) is the essential enzyme responsible for S1P degradation. SPL augments apoptosis and is down-regulated in cancer. SPL generates a S1P chemical gradient that promotes lymphocyte trafficking and as such is being targeted to treat autoimmune diseases. Despite growing interest in SPL as a disease marker, antioncogene, and pharmacological target, no comprehensive characterization of SPL expression in mammalian tissues has been reported. We investigated SPL expression in developing and adult mouse tissues by generating and characterizing a β-galactosidase-SPL reporter mouse combined with immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and enzyme assays. SPL was expressed in thymic and splenic stromal cells, splenocytes, Peyer's Patches, colonic lymphoid aggregates, circulating T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes, with lowest expression in thymocytes. SPL was highly expressed within the CNS, including arachnoid lining cells, spinal cord, choroid plexus, trigeminal nerve ganglion, and specific neurons of the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, midbrain, hindbrain, and cerebellum. Expression was detected in brown adipose tissue, female gonads, adrenal cortex, bladder epithelium, Harderian and preputial glands, and hair follicles. This unique expression pattern suggests SPL has many undiscovered physiological functions apart from its role in immunity.
Bug localization techniques for effective post-silicon validation (2012)

Summary form only given. Post-silicon validation is used to detect and fix bugs in integrated circuits and systems after manufacture. Due to sheer design complexity, it is nearly impossible to detect and fix all bugs before manufacture. Existing post-silicon validation methods barely cope with today's complexity. New techniques are essential to minimize the effects of bugs and design flaws going forward. This talk will focus on two recent techniques, QED and IFRA, that can overcome significant challenges associated with a very crucial step in post-silicon validation: bug localization in a system setup. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques using results from quad-core Intel Core i7 hardware platforms and Intel Nehalem processors, and using actual examples of “difficult” bugs that occurred in complex SoCs.
Separation of enzymatically active and inactive prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) by peptide affinity chromatography (2003)

PSA-binding peptides can be used to separate enzymatically active and inactive forms of PSA. Thus the peptides are potentially useful as ligands for development of methods for specific detection of active free PSA.
Charge-state control of ensemble of nitrogen vacancy centers by n–i–n diamond junctions (2018)

We fabricated n-type–intrinsic–n-type (n–i–n) diamond junctions to stabilize negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) centers. An ensemble of NV centers was generated in a high-purity intrinsic diamond in order to maintain the spin coherence time. The Fermi-energy of the i-layers was controlled by band bending at the two n–i junctions. We confirmed that the NV centers can be modulated toward NV− centers by decreasing the width of the i-layers between adjacent n-layers. The spin coherence time for the NV− centers was maintained even for narrow i-layers.
Demonstration of Emitted-Neutron Computed Tomography to Count Fuel Pins (2012)

In this paper, we report demonstration of emitted-neutron computed tomography using fast fission neutrons to infer the geometry of sources of special nuclear material (SNM) such as fuel pins. In a proof-of-concept measurement at the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) Zero Power Physics Reactor (ZPPR) facility, an array of unirradiated Pu MOX fuel rodlets in a soup can were imaged, and a bias defect consisting of a single rodlet containing Pu replaced by one containing depleted uranium (DU) was detected. The imaging system employed in the demonstration is based on a newly constructed array of pixelated neutron detectors that are suitable for arrangement in a close-packed imaging array and whose active volume consists of liquid scintillator EJ-309 which allows neutron-gamma discrimination via pulse shape to enable pure fast-neutron imaging. The imaging array was used along with a radial collimator aperture in order to perform high quality fast-neutron imaging where tomographic reconstruction of slices through an object resolve neutron sources similar in dimension to a fuel pellet, or about 1 cm. Measurements were performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with neutron sources in addition to those performed at the INL’s ZPPR facility with Pu MOX fuel rodlets. An analogous capability to detect single-pin defects in spent fuel assemblies would be desirable, such as for safeguards verification measurements of spent fuel assemblies just prior to transferring them from the spent fuel cooling pool to long term dry cask storage. This paper describes the design and construction of the present imager, characterization measurements with neutron sources at ORNL, measurements with SNM at INL’s ZPPR facility, and feasibility of building an analogous imager for spent fuel measurements.
Dataset for: Hollow Core Optical Fibres with Comparable Attenuation 1 to Silica Fibres 2 between 600 and 1100 nm (2020)

Dataset supports: Sakr, H (2020). Hollow Core Optical Fibres with Comparable Attenuation 1 to Silica Fibres 2 between 600 and 1100 nm. Nature Communications.
ARGOS: automatically extracting repeating objects from multimedia streams (2006)

Many media streams consist of distinct objects that repeat. For example, broadcast television and radio signals contain advertisements, call sign jingles, songs, and even whole programs that repeat. The problem we address is to explicitly identify the underlying structure in repetitive streams and de-construct them into their component objects. Our algorithm exploits dimension reduction techniques on the audio portion of a multimedia stream to make search and buffering feasible. Our architecture assumes no a priori knowledge of the streams, and does not require that the repeating objects (ROs) be known. Everything the system needs, including the position and duration of the ROs, is learned on the fly. We demonstrate that it is perfectly feasible to identify in realtime ROs that occur days or even weeks apart in audio or video streams. Both the compute and buffering requirements are comfortably within reach for a basic desktop computer. We outline the algorithms, enumerate several applications and present results from real broadcast streams.
Generation of iPSC lines with high cytogenetic stability from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (2021)

SUMMARY The utility of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is contingent upon genomic integrity and stability. Recurrent genomic aberrations have been observed in human iPSC lines upon long-term culture, ∼10-25% demonstrate karyotype abnormalities. We describe a new and reliable non-integrating episomal plasmid reprogramming method for fresh (unexpanded) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) into iPSCs (PBMC-iPSCs). PBMC-iPSCs produced using this method have a superior chromosome-level karyotype stability rate (∼5% abnormality rate for all chromosomes; 2.8% for autosomes). After extended culture PBMC-iPSCs maintain a low rate of abnormalities (2% for autosomes). Deep coverage whole genome sequencing in a subset of PBMC-iPSC lines showed no shared single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or structural variants are introduced during reprogramming and maintenance of PBMC-iPSCs. iPSCs reprogrammed from unexpanded PBMCs have consistently high cytogenetic stability and minimal genomic aberrations, suggesting this method is highly suited for iPSCs in research and therapeutic clinical applications.
Biomarkers Predict<i>p53</i>Gene Therapy Efficacy in Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2009)

PURPOSE: Most recurrent squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck have a dysfunctional p53 tumor suppressor pathway contributing to treatment resistance. We hypothesized that tumor p53 biomarkers may predict the efficacy of normal p53 delivered by gene therapy in these patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumor p53 biomarkers were evaluated in 116 patients, including 29 treated with methotrexate in a phase III randomized controlled trial. Profiles favorable for p53 gene therapy efficacy were hypothesized to have either normal p53 gene sequences or low-level p53 protein expression, whereas unfavorable p53 inhibitor profiles were predicted to have high-level expression of mutated p53 that can inhibit normal p53 protein function. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in tumor responses was observed for patients with favorable p53 efficacy profiles compared with those with unfavorable p53 inhibitor profiles [phase I/II trials: favorable (34 of 46, 74%) versus unfavorable (1 of 5, 20%), P = 0.0290; phase III trial: favorable (17 of 24, 71%) versus unfavorable (2 of 11, 18%), P = 0.0088]. In the phase III trial, there was statistically significant increased time to progression (TTP) and survival following p53 gene therapy in patients with favorable p53 profiles compared with unfavorable p53 inhibitor profiles (median TTP, 2.7 months versus 1.4 months, P = 0.0121; median survival, 7.2 months versus 2.7 months, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the biomarker profiles predictive of p53 gene therapy efficacy did not predict methotrexate response, TTP, or survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that tumor p53 biomarker profiles may predict p53 gene therapy efficacy in recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7719-25).
Genomic Signature of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast and Ovarian Cancers (2013)

Homologous recombination deficiency, mainly resulted from BRCA1 or BRCA2 inactivation (so called BRCAness), is found in breast and ovarian cancers. Detection of actual inactivation of BRCA1/2 in a tumor is important for patients’ treatment and follow-up as it may help predicting response to DNA damaging agents and give indication Homologous recombination deficiency, mainly resulted from BRCA1 or BRCA2 inactivation (so called BRCAness), is found in breast and ovarian cancers. Detection of actual inactivation of BRCA1/2 in a tumor is important for pat for genetic testing. This protocol describes how to detect impairment of homologous recombination based on the tumor genomic profile measured by SNP-array. The proposed signature of BRCAness is related to the number of large-scale chromosomal breaks in a tumor genome calculated after filtering and smoothing small-scale alterations. The procedure strongly relies on good quality SNP-arrays preprocessed to absolute copy number and allelic content (allele-specific copy number) profiles. This genomic signature of homologous recombination deficiency was shown to be highly reliable in predicting BRCA1/2 inactivation in triple-negative breast carcinoma (97% accuracy; for more details, see Popova et al., 2012) and predictive of survival in ovarian carcinoma (unpublished data). Authors are grateful to Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Anne Vincent-Salomon, Thierry Dubois, and Xavier Sastre-Garau for their contributions. (Patent was deposited: Reference number EP12305648.3, June 7, 2012)