gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds using precision extrusion deposition with an assisted cooling device (2011)

In the field of biofabrication, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, there are many methodologies to fabricate a building block (scaffold) which is unique to the target tissue or organ that facilitates cell growth, attachment, proliferation and/or differentiation. Currently, there are many techniques that fabricate three-dimensional scaffolds; however, there are advantages, limitations and specific tissue focuses of each fabrication technique. The focus of this initiative is to utilize an existing technique and expand the library of biomaterials which can be utilized to fabricate three-dimensional scaffolds rather than focusing on a new fabrication technique. An expanded library of biomaterials will enable the precision extrusion deposition (PED) device to construct three-dimensional scaffolds with enhanced biological, chemical and mechanical cues that will benefit tissue generation. Computer-aided motion and extrusion drive the PED to precisely fabricate micro-scaled scaffolds with biologically inspired, porosity, interconnectivity and internal and external architectures. The high printing resolution, precision and controllability of the PED allow for closer mimicry of tissues and organs. The PED expands its library of biopolymers by introducing an assisting cooling (AC) device which increases the working extrusion temperature from 120 to 250 °C. This paper investigates the PED with the integrated AC's capabilities to fabricate three-dimensional scaffolds that support cell growth, attachment and proliferation. Studies carried out in this paper utilized a biopolymer whose melting point is established to be 200 °C. This polymer was selected to illustrate the newly developed device's ability to fabricate three-dimensional scaffolds from a new library of biopolymers. Three-dimensional scaffolds fabricated with the integrated AC device should illustrate structural integrity and ability to support cell attachment and proliferation.
The effect of an autologous cellular gel-matrix integrated implant system on wound healing (2010)

IIS should be further studied as a new wound dressing which shows promising properties, being the most remarkable its good biological tolerance and cell growth promotion properties.
Leveraging Frame Aggregation for Estimating WiFi Available Bandwidth (2017)

WiFi has emerged as a pivotal technology for mobile devices offering the potential for exceptional connectivity speeds. Unfortunately, the performance of WiFi may vary significantly making WiFi link characterization (and more broadly the path characterization) an essential element of the user Quality of Experience (QoE). The key challenge that emerges with respect to link characterization is how to characterize performance in an efficient manner. In this paper, we explore how the existing frame aggregation mechanisms introduced by 802.11e can be leveraged to achieve such a goal. We show not only how frame aggregation breaks existing lightweight mechanisms for link characterization but also how to carefully construct packet sequences that induce frame aggregation to capture the WiFi available bandwidth. We construct a proof of concept system, AIWC (Aggregation Intensity based Wifi Characterization), to demonstrate the aforementioned concepts with significant improvements versus prior work.
Using Geochemistry to Address H2S Production Risk due to Steam Injection in Oil Sands (2013)

Abstract Steam injection for enhanced oil recovery induces chemical reactions within the reservoir, called aquathermolysis, which can lead to in-situ H2S generation and to H2S production at the wellhead. H2S production risk is particularly acute in oil sand reservoirs because they contain sulfur-rich bitumens. To forecast H2S production risk in these conditions, a workflow based on geochemical investigation and reservoir simulation has been developed. It relies on (1) a quick estimate, using a dedicated technique, of sulfur content and thermal reactivity of a large number of reservoir samples to map the H2S production risk over the field; (2) carrying out more time-consuming aquathermolysis experiments on oil sand samples selected from step 1, to define a kinetic model for H2S generation based on atomic sulfur thermal reactivity; (3) transforming this sulfur-based kinetic model into a molecular SARA components-based kinetic model, usable in a compositional and thermal reservoir simulator; (4) simulating the EOR process with the reservoir simulator to calculate H2S/oil ratio at the wellhead. The geochemical methodology has been applied to four oil sand samples from Athabasca. The results have underlined that sulfur content and sulfur thermal reactivity of oil sands measured with the quick estimation technique are well correlated with the amount of H2S produced from the more lengthy aquathermolysis experiments. Moreover, it was shown that the sulfur in the oil sand, when distributed among Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes, Solid matrix and H2S, as a function of time and temperature of aquathermolysis, can be interpreted in terms of sulfur-based kinetic model. This model can be used for a calculation of H2S generation upon aquathermolysis at field production temperature and time scale, thus for estimating the H2S production potential. As detailed in another SPE paper (Barroux et al., 2013), reservoir simulation has been used to simulate a SAGD process in a generic 2D model of an Athabasca oil sand. One main finding of this study has been that the H2S/oil ratio at the wellhead appears to depend mainly on the stoichiometry of the kinetic model.
Experiments on wireless power transfer with metamaterials (2011)

In this letter, we propose the use of metamaterials to enhance the evanescent wave coupling and improve the transfer efficiency of a wireless power transfer system based on coupled resonators. A magnetic metamaterial is designed and built for a wireless power transfer system. We show with measurement results that the power transfer efficiency of the system can be improved significantly by the metamaterial. We also show that the fabricated system can be used to transfer power wirelessly to a 40 W light bulb.
Preparation of Molecular Sieving Carbon from Coal for the Removal of Oxygen from Air (1982)

Molecular sieving carbons were prepared from coal. Pulverized coal char was granulated into spherical pellets of 1-2mm in diameter adding 9.1-16.7 wt% of sulfite pulp waste liquor. Spherical pellets were heat-treated in a stream of nitrogen at a temperature of 100-1000°C.It was found that molecular sieving carbon heat treated at 300-400°C from Yallourn coal char has pores of 4. 3 A and exhibits excellent ability for the removal of oxygen from air. Oxygen can be removed below 0.1% by pressure swing adsorption.
Inactivation of Bcl-2 by phosphorylation. (1995)

The antiapoptosis potential of Bcl-2 protein is well established, but the mechanism of Bcl-2 action is still poorly understood. Using the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the chemotherapeutic drug taxol, we found that Bcl-2 was phosphorylated in lymphoid cells. Phospho amino acid analysis revealed that Bcl-2 was phosphorylated on serine. Under similar conditions, okadaic acid or taxol treatment led to the induction of apoptosis in these cells. Thus, phosphorylation of Bcl-2 seems to inhibit its ability to interfere with apoptosis. In addition, phosphorylated Bcl-2 can no longer prevent lipid peroxidation as required to protect cells from apoptosis.
Recovery of hydrocarbon liquids using dephlegmator technology (1986)

Dephlegmators, or fractionating condensers, have been proposed for many years to reduce power consumption in gas separation processes. Early low temperature separation plants designed by Claude utilized dephlegmators. The full potential of dephlegmation, however, has been hampered by the lack of low-cost equipment capable of achieving high heat transfer and fractionating efficiency, and by the difficulty of predicting the performance of such equipment. Air products has solved these problems and has utilized dephlegmator technology commercially since 1970 in a variety of cryogenic gas separation processes. Many other applications have been studied extensively and will be commercialized in the future. The dephlegmator provides greatly enhanced separation capability over conventional partial condensation processes, while maintaining simplicity of equipment and operation. The dephlegmators employed in the processes discussed here typically consist many parallel heat exchange passages in conventional brazed aluminum (core) heat exchangers.
A Solution for an Electronically-Controlled Variable Delivery External Gear Pump (2017)

This paper describes an innovative design concept to enable electronic control of the flow delivered by external spur gear pumps. The basic principle used to obtain flow variation relies on a variable timing concept previously demonstrated by the author’s research team. This principle permits to vary the flow within a certain range, without introducing additional sources of power loss. Previous work proved the applicability of the proposed concept in a pressure compensated design of an external gear pump for high pressure applications. This concept took advantage of the pressure differential acting on the “slider”, which is an internal element performing the flow regulation. In this paper, a solution that permits to achieve balance of the pressure forces acting on the slider is proposed. This solution reduces the actuation forces, thus enabling direct flow control actuation through an electronic control system. The proposed solution is cost effective, it consists of a limited number of parts, and it is suitable for pumps without pressure compensation, i.e. for low or intermediate pressures. The paper details the aspects of the pump design, which was performed by using a multi-objective algorithm that maximizes the flow operating range and at the same time the pump. The optimum design could achieve a flow variation of about 32% in simulation and this was also demonstrated in actual experiments on a prototype realized at the author’s Research Center. The proposed design can impact several of the current applications of external gear pumps, introducing the additional “flow on demand” capability.
Automatic control of airway pressure for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (1995)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when airflow ceases because of pharyngeal wall collapse in sleep. Repeated apneic events results in the development of a pathological condition called OSA syndrome. We describe the methodology and design of a prosthetic device, named automatic positive airway pressure (APAP), for treatment of this syndrome. APAP applies a stream of air via a nasal mask at an initial pressure selected by the patient. By sensing specific pressure characteristics of air flow immediately preceding pharyngeal wall collapse, the APAP device automatically raises the applied pressure to maintain a patent upper airway and thus prevent apnea. Conversely, when such conditions are absent, pressure is lowered step wise until a preselected minimum pressure is reached. Performance evaluation of the APAP system in five OSA patients and five normal (asymptomatic for sleep apnea) subjects revealed that it effectively treated OSA syndrome. It lowered the apnea-hypopnea index without disturbing sleep and resulted in a lower mean airway pressure compared to the traditional continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The results also show that the pressure needed to prevent OSA varied significantly throughout the night. For OSA syndrome patients, this pressure ranged from 3 to 18 cm H2O. The mean airway pressure for these patients had a sample average of 6.80 cm H2O and a standard deviation of 3.17 cm H2O. In normal subjects, the device did not raise pressure except in response to Pharyngeal Wall Vibration events.
Magnetic susceptibility as a<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>field strength independent MRI biomarker of liver iron overload (2013)

Fat-referenced, susceptibility-based LIC estimation is feasible at both field strengths. This approach may enable improved susceptibility mapping in the abdomen.
A New Method for Deflecting Liquid Microjets (2001)

A new method is reported for deflecting a microscopic jet emanating from a nozzle away from the nozzle’s axis of symmetry. It relies on putting energy into the jet through an asymmetric heater embedded in the nozzle. This novel phenomenon is probed theoretically. It is shown that jet deflection is set by the competition among three effects. Two of these can be attributed to the variation with temperature of surface tension and the third to that of viscosity. Whether the contact line is fixed or free is shown to profoundly impact the extent of jet deflection at a given flow rate.
<title>LANELOK: an algorithm for extending the lane sensing operating range to 100-feet</title> (1991)

The LaneLok algorithms use a monochrome CCD video camera to detect lane markers on the road. These algorithms also estimate the lane boundary position the vehicle heading error the lateral offset and the look-ahead road curvature. The current LaneLok algorithms can identify lane markers and some obstacles up to only 40 feet. The lane control and collision warning functions of advanced automotive systems need a range of at least 100 feet for robust performance. A new algorithm was developed for extending this range to 100 feet using data from a single camera. Image data from the extended range was centered around the vertical vanishing point coordinate and enlarged in size using image processing techniques. A template matching algorithm was used to estimate lane boundaries of the near range (40 feet) and of the enlarged image. The two lane boundaries were then concatenated by a polynomial fit at the end points thus extending the lookahead range to 100 feet. For realtime implementation new edge detectors were developed for saving processing time and electronic hardware.
Structural Basis of Antigen Mimicry in a Clinically Relevant Melanoma Antigen System (2005)

Although mimics of human tumor antigens are effective immunogens to overcome host unresponsiveness to the nominal antigen, the structural basis of this mimicry remains poorly defined. Therefore, in this study we have characterized the structural basis of the human high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mimicry by the mouse anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23. Using x-ray crystallography, we have characterized the three-dimensional structure of the anti-id mAb MK2-23 Fab' and shown that its heavy chain complementarity-determining region (CDR3) (H3) and its light chain CDR1 (L1) are closely associated. These moieties are the source of HMW-MAA mimicry, since they display partial amino acid sequence homology along with a similar structural fold with the HMW-MAA core protein. Furthermore, a 15-residue peptide comprising the H3 loop of anti-id mAb MK2-23 demonstrates HMW-MAA-like in vitro and in vivo reactivity. This peptide in conjunction with the structural data will facilitate the characterization of the effect of the degree of antigen mimicry on the induction of a self-antigen-specific immune response by a mimic.
Phenotyping, fine mapping and cloning of a wild species QTL that increases horticultural yield in tomatoes. (2001)

The genetic variation underlying quantitative traits results from the segregation of numerous interacting quantitative trait loci (QTLs) whose expression is modified by the environment. Using a population derived from the green fruited tomato species L, pennellii, we identified 23 QTLs originating in the wild species, that are responsible for an increase in the total soJuble solids (brix) of the fruit. To uncover the molecular basis of this variation, we characterised one of the QTLs, Brix9-2-5. The wild species allele increased glucose and fructose contents in cultivated tomato fruits in various genetic backgrounds and environments. Using nearly isogenic lines (NILs) for the QTL, high-resolution mapping analysis delimited Brix9-2-5 to a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)defined recombination hotspot of 484 bp spanning an exon and intron of a fruit-specific apoplastic invertase. These results demonstrate a link between naturally occurring DNA. variation and a Mendelian determinant of a complex phenotype for a yield-associated trait.
Towards automatic discovery of object categories (2002)

We propose a method to learn heterogeneous models of object classes for visual recognition. The training images contain a preponderance of clutter and learning is unsupervised. Our models represent objects as probabilistic constellations of rigid parts (features). The variability within a class is represented by a join probability density function on the shape of the constellation and the appearance of the parts. Our method automatically identifies distinctive features in the training set. The set of model parameters is then learned using expectation maximization. When trained on different, unlabeled and unsegmented views of a class of objects, each component of the mixture model can adapt to represent a subset of the views. Similarly, different component models can also "specialize" on sub-classes of an object class. Experiments on images of human heads, leaves from different species of trees, and motor-cars demonstrate that the method works well over a wide variety of objects.
A Key Management Module for Secure ADS-B (2022)

The emergence of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) caused a revolution in Air Traffic Control (ATC) thanks to the numerous benefits this protocol provides, especially when compared to traditional surveillance technologies. Notably, ADS-B offers improved location accuracy from its use of GPS while reducing operational and maintenance costs. Despite these advantages, ADS-B's open broadcast of clear-text messages resulted in several vulnerabilities that negatively affected its widespread usage. In previous work, we proposed ADS-Bsec as a framework that leverages technologies such as cryptography, location verification and artificial intelligence to address the core of such vulnerabilities while keeping compatibility with the original protocol. However, air traffic services require aircraft crossing different authorities' zones to obtain additional authorization tokens, especially during international flights, thus imposing the need for ADS-Bsec to have a key management scheme that addresses this added layer of complexity. This paper presents a solution for this issue that extends the ADS-Bsec framework with the proposed implementation of a key management module based on our prior work on the key exchange protocol. The proposed module exchanges and manages keys to be used in the message verification process for each Flight Information Region (FIR) the aircraft goes through during its flight. We evaluate our ideas with a simulation of a real-world scenario based on actual data from a flight departing New York JFK airport and landing at Los Angeles LAX airport. We provide an analysis and a discussion of the results.
Establishment of monoclonal antibody against human Apo B-48 and measurement of Apo B-48 in serum by ELISA method (1998)

The elevation of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants in plasma would lead to hyperlipidemia and other complications. Apo B-48, which is translated and produced in the adult intestine from the same gene as Apo B-100, is considered to be an essential component of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants. Using a peptide representing human Apo B-48 C-terminal sequence as immunogen, we established a monoclonal antibody, B48-151, against human Apo B-48. The specific reactivity for Apo B-48 of this monoclonal antibody was confirmed using Western blot analysis of human plasma in fractions isolated as chylomicron and VLDL. Then, we developed a simple sandwich ELISA method for the detection of human Apo B-48 in serum by combining B48-151 as capturing antibody and HRP-conjugated-polyclonal antibodies for Apo B as signaling antibody. The established sandwich ELISA constitutes a simple method to monitorApo B-48 level in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants in human serum.
Profiling river surface velocities and volume flow estimation with bistatic UHF riversonde radar (2004)

During the summer of 2000, a bistatic UHF radar - the RiverSonde - was designed, built, and tested on rivers and canals in the Central Valley of California. The transmitter and receiver were on opposite banks. They simultaneously transmit to and receive from elliptical time-delay cells that span the river, with the transmit and receive antennas as their focal points. With 30 MHz bandwidth, the cell span up/down-river is /spl sim/10 m. A three-element receive array employs the direction finding music algorithm to determine echo bearing. Velocity along the river channel is measured vs position across the river from the first-order Bragg-echo Doppler shifts. Radiating less than 1 w power, received surface-echo signal-to-noise ratios of 40 dB were received, both across narrow canals and across the American River that was 80 meters wide. Our tests and analyses were sponsored by and conducted along with the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, CA. "Surface truth" velocity profiles were established by current meters suspended from a boat, from a bridge, and from timing the drifts of tennis balls between two transverse cuts. RMS velocity differences between 6%-13% of the typical average flow velocity were observed. The rms differences between the three "surface truth" measurements themselves also fell within the same span. From the velocity profiles across the river, estimates of total volume flow for the four methods were calculated based on a knowledge of the bottom depth vs position across the river. The flow comparisons for the American River were much closer, within 2% of each other among all of the methods. Sources of positional biases and anomalies in the RiverSonde measurement patterns along the river are identified and discussed.
Combined kV and MV imaging for real‐time tracking of implanted fiducial markersa) (2008)

In the presence of intrafraction organ motion, target localization uncertainty can greatly hamper the advantage of highly conformal dose techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). To minimize the adverse dosimetric effect caused by tumor motion, a real-time knowledge of the tumor position is required throughout the beam delivery process. The recent integration of onboard kV diagnostic imaging together with MV electronic portal imaging devices on linear accelerators can allow for real-time three-dimensional (3D) tumor position monitoring during a treatment delivery. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a near real-time 3D internal fiducial tracking system based on the combined use of kV and MV imaging. A commercially available radiotherapy system equipped with both kV and MV imaging systems was used in this work. A hardware video frame grabber was used to capture both kV and MV video streams simultaneously through independent video channels at 30 frames per second. The fiducial locations were extracted from the kV and MV images using a software tool. The geometric tracking capabilities of the system were evaluated using a pelvic phantom with embedded fiducials placed on a moveable stage. The maximum tracking speed of the kV/MV system is approximately 9 Hz, which is primarily limited by the frame rate of the MV imager. The geometric accuracy of the system is found to be on the order of less than 1 mm in all three spatial dimensions. The technique requires minimal hardware modification and is potentially useful for image-guided radiation therapy systems.