gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel cardioprotective function of adenosine A1 and A3 receptors during prolonged simulated ischemia (1997)

The possible cardioprotective roles of adenosine A1 and A3 receptors were investigated in a cardiac myocyte model of injury. The adenosine A3 receptor is a novel cardiac receptor capable of mediating potentially important cardioprotective functions. Prolonged hypoxia with glucose deprivation was used to simulate ischemia and to induce injury in cardiac ventricular myocytes cultured from chick embryos 14 days in ovo. When present during the prolonged hypoxia, the adenosine A3 agonists N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) and 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (CI-IB-MECA) caused a dose-dependent reduction in the extent of hypoxia-induced injury as manifested by a decrease in the amount of creatine kinase released and the percentage of myocytes killed. The adenosine A1 agonists 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine, and adenosine amine congener were also able to cause a decrease in the extent of myocyte injury. The A1 receptor-selective antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine blocked the cardioprotective effect of the A1 but not of the A3 agonists. Conversely, the selective A3 antagonists MRS-1191 and MRS-1097 blocked the protection induced by CI-IB-MECA but had minimal effect on that caused by CCPA. Thus the cardioprotective effects of A1 and A3 agonists were mediated by their respective receptors. This study defines a novel cardioprotective function of the cardiac A3 receptor and provides conclusive evidence that activation of both A1 and A3 receptors during hypoxia can attenuate myocyte injury.
Design and Synthesis of Potent Quinazolines as Selective β-Glucocerebrosidase Modulators (2016)

Gaucher's disease is a common genetic disease caused by mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene that have been also linked to increased risk of Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Stabilization of misfolded mutant β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) represents an important therapeutic strategy in synucleinopathies. Here we report a novel class of GCase quinazoline inhibitors, obtained in a high throughput screening, with moderate potency against wild-type GCase. Rational design and a SAR study of this class of compounds led to a new series of quinazoline derivatives with single-digit nanomolar potency. These compounds were shown to selectively stabilize GCase when compared to other lysosomal enzymes and to increase N370S mutant GCase protein concentration and activity in cell assays. To the best of our knowledge, these molecules are the most potent noniminosugar GCase modulators to date that may prove useful for future mechanistic studies and therapeutic approaches in Gaucher's and Parkinson's diseases.
Intensity and Wavelength-Division Multiplexing FBG Sensor System Using a Tunable Multiport Fiber Ring Laser (2004)

We propose an intensity and wavelength-division multiplexing (IWDM) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system using a tunable multiport fiber ring laser. The different output powers of a multiport fiber laser are used to address the information reflected from the sensing FBGs, even if the Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs connected at different laser output ports are identical. We describe the operation principle and experimentally demonstrate a three-port fiber sensor. For the IWDM technique, our proposed fiber grating sensor system can enhance the sensing capacity, signal-to-noise ratio, and sensing resolution.
Tcl1 Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Regulated by <i>miR-29</i> and <i>miR-181</i> (2006)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common human leukemia in the world. Deregulation of the TCL1 oncogene is a causal event in the pathogenesis of the aggressive form of this disease as was verified by using animal models. To study the mechanism of Tcl1 regulation in CLL, we carried out microRNA expression profiling of three types of CLL: indolent CLL, aggressive CLL, and aggressive CLL showing 11q deletion. We identified distinct microRNA signatures corresponding to each group of CLL. We further determined that Tcl1 expression is regulated by miR-29 and miR-181, two microRNAs differentially expressed in CLL. Expression levels of miR-29 and miR-181 generally inversely correlated with Tcl1 expression in the CLL samples we examined. Our results suggest that Tcl1 expression in CLL is, at least in part, regulated by miR-29 and miR-181 and that these microRNAs may be candidates for therapeutic agents in CLLs overexpressing Tcl1.
Hydrosoluble Immunopotentiating Substances Extracted from Corynebacterium Parvum (1974)

Immunopotentiating water-soluble substances have been obtained from delipidated cells of Corynebacterium parvum (strain Prévot). Immunostimulating and adjuvant activities of a crude water-soluble extract and of a low molecular weight purified fraction were demonstrated by various in vivo techniques, involving both cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions.
WAVE-FRONT OBSERVATIONS AT FLASH (2006)

During the first year of user operation at the FreeElectron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) wave-front measurements were recorded in the vacuum-ultraviolet region using a Hartmann sensor (by Imagine Optic). The Hartmann principle is based on a hole array, which divides the incoming beam into a large number of subrays monitored in intensity and position of individual spots. The identification of the local slope of the incident wave front makes the aberrations from a perfect spherical wave front visible. Ray tracing in upstream direction accesses the beam path especially the focal spot in size and position. The intense and coherent vacuum-ultraviolet FEL beam leads to unique requirements for the wave-front sensor setup. We report an optimized setup to observe the metrology of flat and curved mirrors at FLASH beam lines. The use of wave-front measurements to provide reliable machine parameter is discussed. The wave-front sensor proved to be a valuable tool to observe the FEL beam quality and the performance of optical elements, filters and diagnostic tools.
Dynamics of liquid-crystal twist cells (1974)

This paper describes a numerical method by which we have computed the change in molecular orientation with time in liquid-crystal twist cells when the applied field is changed. No small-angle approximation is made but backflow is neglected for simplicity. The general features of the results are illustrated with computations using typical elastic and viscous constants in doped MBBA, without and with a cholesteric twist term.
<title>Phase-Nulling Fiber Optic Gyro Development Review</title> (1982)

Progress in developing a fiber-optic gyro based on active closed loop phase compensation is described. Comparisons are made between a breadboard proof-of-principle unit built in 1978, a 12.7-cm-diameter, 2.5-cm thick unit built in 1979, and a 6.5-cm-diameter, 1.7-cm thick unit built in 1980.
Preparation of crystalline and solvent resistant polycarbonates via ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic oligomers (1994)

Abstract A route to solvent‐resistant polycarbonates which may also be crystalline has been achieved through the intermediacy of cyclic oligomeric carbonates. Mixed oligomeric cyclics of a variety of bisphenols were prepared via the carefully controlled hydrolysis‐condensation of their bischloroformates. Following ring‐opening polymerization, the polymers were evaluated for potential solvent resistance. Copolymers of hydroquinone and bisphenol A containing ratios of hydroquinone to BPA between 50/50 and 70/30 were found to be insoluble in CH 2 Cl 2 , tetrahydrofuran, and CHCl 3 , as well as other organic solvents. Polymers containing ratios of hydroquinone/BPA greater than 60/40 show a crystalline melting point by DSC at about 310°C and a glass transition temperature at 154°C.
Abstract 3356: Development of a novel Wnt pathway antagonist antibody, OMP-18R5, that reduces tumor initiating cell frequency in breast cancer (2012)

Abstract The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which signals through the Frizzled (Fzd) receptor family and several co-receptors, is known to play a critical role in several major cancer types. Mutations in the signalling pathway occur in most cases of human colon cancer, and activation of Wnt signalling through various mechanisms has been reported in multiple major tumor types. We have developed a novel Wnt pathway antagonist antibody, OMP-18R5 which was initially identified by binding to Frizzled7, and subsequently found to also bind several other human FZDs through a conserved epitope within the extracellular domain. OMP-18R5 blocks Wnt binding and canonical signalling induced by multiple Wnt family members. In xenograft studies with minimally passaged human tumors, OMP-18R5 inhibited the growth of a broad range of tumor types and has been found to be particularly active in breast cancer. OMP-18R5 treatment reduced tumor growth and the frequency of tumor initiating cells in combination with pacilitaxel. Furthermore, we found that OMP-18R5 treatment can restore chemosensitivity in drug resistant breast tumors. Molecular analyses indicated OMP-18R5 inhibits the expression of EMT markers in breast tumors, thus providing additional evidence linking EMT with resistance to chemotherapy and cancer stem cells. In addition to combination activity with paclitaxel, OMP-18R5 treatment also resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in combination with trastuzumab in a Her2+ breast cancer model. These data suggest that OMP-18R5, which has recently entered Phase 1 clinical testing, may be useful in the treatment of various types of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3356. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3356
Enantioselective Synthesis of Isocarbostyril Alkaloids and Analogs Using Catalytic Dearomative Functionalization of Benzene (2018)

Enantioselective total syntheses of the anticancer isocarbostyril alkaloids (+)-7-deoxypancratistatin, (+)-pancratistatin, (+)-lycoricidine, and (+)-narciclasine are described. Our strategy for accessing this unique class of natural products is based on the development of a Ni-catalyzed dearomative trans-1,2-carboamination of benzene. The effectiveness of this dearomatization approach is notable, as only two additional olefin functionalizations are needed to construct the fully decorated aminocyclitol cores of these alkaloids. Installation of the lactam ring has been achieved through several pathways and a direct interconversion between natural products was established via a late-stage C-7 cupration. Using this synthetic blueprint, we were able to produce natural products on a gram scale and provide tailored analogs with improved activity, solubility, and metabolic stability.
<title>Ultrasonic assessment of tooth structure</title> (2002)

A means of assessing the internal structure of teeth based upon use of high frequency, highly localized ultrasound (acoustic waves) generated by a short laser pulse is discussed. Some key advantages of laser-generated ultrasound over more traditional contact transducer methods are that it is noncontact and nondestructive in nature and requires no special surface preparation. Optical interferometric detection of ultrasound provides a complementary nondestructive, noncontact technique with a very small detection footprint. This combination of techniques, termed laser-based ultrasonics, holds promise for future in-vivo diagnostics of tooth health. In this paper, initial results using laser-based ultrasound for assessment of dental structures are presented on an extracted human incisor. Results show the technique to be sensitive to the enamel/dentin, dentin/pulp, and dentin/cementum junctions as well as a region of dead tracts in the dentin.
Drug‐Coated Angioplasty Balloon Catheters: Coating Compositions and Methods (2011)

Abstract Flow‐limiting stenosis or total occlusion of coronary, cerebral, or peripheral arteries is very common. Minimally invasive treatment with balloon catheters optionally combined with stent implantation immediately relieves symptoms. However, renarrowing of dilated vessel segments due to excessive scar formation frequently reverses the initial success observed soon after treatment. Coating of balloons with antiproliferative drugs is a promising approach to overcome this problem. The coating of angioplasty balloon membranes is a challenging task. It must ensure homogeneous distribution of the antiproliferative agent and adherence to the balloon membrane during handling and on the way to the treatment site in a distant artery, where the agent should be immediately released and transferred to the vessel wall when the balloon is inflated. In vitro and in vivo testing methods are described. The impact of different kinds of balloons, drugs, additives, and coating methods has been investigated, and the results of representative examples including clinically tested products are presented and discussed.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Insulin and Glucokinase Gene Therapy for Diabetes: 8-Year Follow-Up in Dogs (2017)

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that exposes patients to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on various organs. Achievement of normoglycemia with exogenous insulin treatment requires the use of high doses of hormone, which increases the risk of life-threatening hypoglycemic episodes. We developed a gene therapy approach to control diabetic hyperglycemia based on co-expression of the insulin and glucokinase genes in skeletal muscle. Previous studies proved the feasibility of gene delivery to large diabetic animals with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Here, we report the long-term (∼8 years) follow-up after a single administration of therapeutic vectors to diabetic dogs. Successful, multi-year control of glycemia was achieved without the need of supplementation with exogenous insulin. Metabolic correction was demonstrated through normalization of serum levels of fructosamine, triglycerides, and cholesterol and remarkable improvement in the response to an oral glucose challenge. The persistence of vector genomes and therapeutic transgene expression years after vector delivery was documented in multiple samples from treated muscles, which showed normal morphology. Thus, this study demonstrates the long-term efficacy and safety of insulin and glucokinase gene transfer in large animals and especially the ability of the system to respond to the changes in metabolic needs as animals grow older.
Binaural Audio Through Loudspeakers (2017)

The ultimate goal of binaural audio with loudspeakers (BAL), also known as transauralization, is to reproduce, at each of the listener's eardrums, the sound pressure signals recorded on only the ipsilateral channel of a stereo signal. Binaural playback through loudspeakers is largely immune to this head internalization of sound because, even when non-idealities in binaural reproduction are present, the sound originates far enough from the listener to be perceived to come from outside the head. Some applications of BAL, such as immersive virtual reality environments or scientific studies of spatial hearing, require binaural cues to be transmitted to a listener with a high degree of fidelity and reliability. Such transparency and robustness often require anechoic environments, individualization of the crosstalk cancellation (XTC) system for the listener and the playback set-up, precise matching of the listener's head-related transfer function (HRTF) with that used in the recording, and either constraining the position of the listener's head in the area of equalization.
Highly nonlinear chalcogenide glasses for ultrafast all optical switching in optical TDM communication systems (2002)

Single-mode planar waveguides were fabricated from chalcogenide glass compounds with large Kerr nonlinearities. Strong self-phase modulation of sub-ps pulses along with low linear and nonlinear absorption losses demonstrates the potential for integrated all-optical switching applications.
An automatic cells detection and segmentation (2017)

This paper presents an end-to-end framework for automatically detecting and segmenting blood cells including normal red blood cells (RBCs), connected RBCs, abnormal RBCs (i.e. tear drop, burr cell, helmet, etc.) and white blood cells (WBCs). Our proposed system contains several components to solve different problems regarding RBCs and WBCs. We first design a novel blood cell color representation which is able to emphasize the RBCs and WBCs in separate channels. Template matching technique is then employed to individually detect RBCs and WBCs in our proposed representation. In order to automatically segment the RBCs and nuclei from WBCs, we develop an adaptive level set-based segmentation method which makes use of both local and global information. The detected and segmented RBCs, however, can be a single RBC, a connected RBC or an abnormal RBC. Therefore, we first separate and reconstruct RBCs from the connected RBCs by our suggested modified template matching. Shape matching by inner distance is later used to classify the abnormal RBCs from the normal RBCs. Our proposed method has been tested and evaluated on different images from ALL-IDB,<sup>10</sup> WebPath,<sup>24</sup> UPMC,<sup>23</sup> Flicker datasets, and the one used by Mohamed et al.<sup>14</sup> The precision and recall of RBCs detection are 98.43% and 94.99% respectively, whereas those of WBCs detection are 99.12% and 99.12%. The F-measure of our proposed WBCs segmentation gets up to 95.8%.
Optimal Design of Microgrids in Autonomous and Grid-Connected Modes Using Particle Swarm Optimization (2010)

The dynamic nature of the distribution network challenges the stability and control effectiveness of the microgrids in both grid-connected and autonomous modes. In this paper, linear and nonlinear models of microgrids operating in different modes are presented. Optimal design of LC filter, controller parameters, and damping resistance is carried out in case of grid-connected mode. On the other hand, controller parameters and power sharing coefficients are optimized in case of autonomous mode. The control problem has been formulated as an optimization problem where particle swarm optimization is employed to search for optimal settings of the optimized parameters in each mode. In addition, nonlinear time-domain-based as well as eigenvalue-based objective functions are proposed to minimize the error in the measured power and to enhance the damping characteristics, respectively. Finally, the nonlinear time-domain simulation has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed controllers under different disturbances and loading conditions. The results show satisfactory performance with efficient damping characteristics of the microgrid considered in this study. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach for optimizing different parameters and its robustness have been confirmed through the eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulations.
A Two-Stage Rearrangeable Broadcast Switching Network (1985)

A new rearrangeable broadcast switching network has been invented. In its simplest form, the network has two stages. For larger networks, the switches in each stage can be replaced with two-stage networks to reduce crosspoint cost. The invention is based on an innovative approach of connecting each inlet channel to a multiplicity of first-stage switches according to a predetermined connection pattern. The network grows easily and has simple path hunt and rearrangement algorithms. It provides a general solution for any nonblocking broadcast switching application. Fewer crosspoints are required than in any other known two- or three-stage rearrangeable broadcast network. The connection arrangement exemplifies a topic heretofore unaddressed in combinatorial theory.
A pulse compressor based on self-phase modulation in a fiber Bragg grating (1998)

Summary form only given. We propose a novel pulse compressor based on an apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in transmission, where the dispersion can be orders of magnitude greater than standard fiber dispersion. Using coupled-mode theory we derive analytic expressions for the effective dispersion of the fibre Bragg grating to yield the ideal optical pulse compressor.
Fabrication Tolerance and Optimal Design of Spectral Sensitivities for Color Imaging Devices. (2001)

Abstract A simplified hypothetical spectral sensitivity model wasused to compare a variety of colorimetric quality factorsproposed for the evaluation and design of spectralsensitivities for color imaging devices. Each spectralsensitivity function was parameterized with two or threevariables. The range of parameters associated with bestresponse from each quality factor was determined.Comparison showed that the ranges varied widely amongthe different quality factors. Selection criterion forappropriate quality factors for future practical applicationwas discussed. Introduction The optimal design of color filters is essential to colorimaging devices in the reproduction of object colors.Camera designers pay attention to colorimetric accuracy,noise sensitivity and illuminant invariance. Filters are oftenspecified through minimizing color differences between themeasurements and estimations for an ensemble of objectcolors. For instance, color differences might be derivedthrough the calculation of mean squared color differences inuniform color spaces like CIE
A Robotic Nondestructive Osteochondral Tissue Harvesting for Autograft Transplantation (2019)

Osteoarthritis is the degeneration of bone-cartilage. Healthy cartilage absorbs mechanical stress and provides smooth limb movement. Cartilage has poor healing capabilities due to the absence of blood, lymphoid tissue, and nerve that makes treatment of the damaged cartilage difficult, making surgical intervention an inevitable solution. Mosaicplasty is a popular surgical practice involving transplantation of small cylindrical bone-cartilage plugs to refill the lesion. A lack of custom-shaped donor harvesting mechanism makes it impossible to fill the lesion with a single graft. The success of transplanting a customized autograft to replace the osteochondral lesion lies in effective extraction of the autograft from the donor site. Currently, no method exists to harvest such grafts since it requires access to the root side of donor. In this paper, we propose a robotic cartilage-bone removal mechanism to harvest a custom-shaped autograft. Our method involves drilling a profile determined from the lesion to be removed and slicing off the desired cartilage-bone graft from the root. We designed a new graft removal mechanism capable of inserting a thin wire saw and slicing through the root of the prepared profile to extract an intact autograft. The device can be attached to a standard 6- DOF robotic arm that can provide profile drilling and gross positioning of the graft removal device.