gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of chronic low‐dose aspirin treatment on tumor prevention in three mouse models of intestinal tumorigenesis (2020)

Although early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have improved, it remains a significant health-care problem with high morbidity and mortality. Data indicate that long-term intake of low-dose aspirin reduces the risk of CRC; however, the mechanisms underlying this chemopreventive effect are still unclear. Different mouse models for inflammation-associated, sporadic, and hereditary CRC were applied to assess the efficacy and mechanism of low-dose aspirin on tumor prevention. An initial dosing study performed in healthy mice indicates that aspirin at a dose of 25 mg/kg/d has a similar pharmacodynamic effect as low-dose aspirin treatment in human subjects (100 mg/d). Chronic low-dose aspirin treatment suppresses colitis-associated and to a lesser extent spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Aspirin's antitumor effect is most pronounced in a preventive approach when aspirin administration starts before the tumor-initiating genotoxic event and continues for the duration of the experiment. These effects are not associated with alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or activation of signaling pathways involved in CRC. Aspirin-induced reduction in tumor burden is accompanied by inhibition of thromboxane B<sub>2</sub> formation, indicating reduced platelet activation. Aspirin treatment also results in decreased colonic prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> formation and tumor angiogenesis. With respect to colitis-triggered tumorigenesis, aspirin administration is associated with a reduction in inflammatory activity in the colon, as indicated by decreased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, and tumor-associated iNOS-positive macrophages. Our results suggest that low-dose aspirin represents an effective antitumor agent in the context of colon tumorigenesis primarily due to its well-established cyclooxygenase inhibition effects.
Fast and robust tracking of multiple moving objects with a laser range finder (2002)

In this paper we focus on the task of tracking multiple moving objects in rapidly changing, dynamic environments. Objects are extracted from laser range finder images and correspondences between successive images are established by network optimization techniques. The approach is implemented on a robotic wheelchair, used in two applications and evaluated experimentally.
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization: Current Experience and Future Direction (1997)

Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) with the CO2 laser (PLC Medical Systems, Inc., Franklin, MA) appears to improve the quality of life and event-free survival of end-stage coronary artery disease patients. Application of this technology prior to clinical instability, along with diligent anesthetic support, careful patient selection, and perioperative management, are essential to a successful outcome. Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center became the fifth clinical site to investigate TMR under Phase II and Phase III U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) protocols. This clinical experience includes a total of seventy-nine patients, of whom sixty-three had sole TMR utilizing a minimally invasive approach on the beating heart. Lessons learned, to optimize patient selection and operative- and postoperative management, will be delineated and the future direction of TMR will be discussed.
Embedding Projection for Query Understanding (2017)

Learning reliable embeddings requires large data and is not trivial to be adapted to specific tasks due to certain constraints. For queries, the lack of sufficient context can prohibit learning quality representations and thus effective query understanding. We propose to project embeddings from a source space learned with natural language into a target space on queries. The projection function is learned via an overlap vocabulary set shared by both source and target spaces. Experimental results show that both linear and nonlinear embedding projections can help query intent classification and query slot tagging, even when the amount of data used for learning the projection is limited.
Federated Reinforcement Learning for Fast Personalization (2019)

Understanding user behavior and adapting to it has been an important focus area for applications. That adaptation is commonly called Personalization. Personalization has been sought after in gaming, personal assistants, dialogue managers, and other popular application categories. One of the challenges of personalization methods is the time they take to adapt to the user behavior or reactions. This sometimes is detrimental to user experience. The contribution of this work is twofold: (1) showing the applicability of granular (per user) personalization through the use of reinforcement learning, and (2) proposing a novel mitigation strategy to decrease the personalization time, through federated learning. To our knowledge, this paper is among the first to present an overall architecture for federated reinforcement learning (FRL), which includes the grouping policy, the learning policy, and the federation policy. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed architecture on a non-player character in the Atari game Pong, and scale the implementation across 3, 4, and 5 users. We demonstrate the success of the proposal through achieving a median improvement of ~17% on the personalization time.
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of Creosotes extracted from wooden sleepers installed in playgrounds (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of Creosotes extracted from wooden sleepers installed in playgroundsWolfgang. Rotard and Wolfgang. MailahnCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1, 65–69Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00128a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00128a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Selective GABA<sub>A</sub>α1 Receptor Agonist Displaying Sedative and Anxiolytic-like Properties in Rodents (2005)

In our pursuit to identify selective ligands for Bz/GABA(A) receptor subtypes, a novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative (4), the azaisostere of zolpidem, was synthesized and evaluated in vitro on bovine brain homogenate and on recombinant benzodiazepine receptors (alphaxbeta2/3gamma2, x = 1-3, 5) expressed in HEK293 cells. Compound 4 displayed affinity only for alpha1beta2gamma2 subtype (K(i) = 31 nM), and in an in-depth, in vivo study it revealed sedative and anxiolytic-like properties without any amnesic and myorelaxant effects in rodents.
A Stress Corrosion Cracking Evaluation of Inconel 690 for Steam Generator Tubing Applications (1981)

Inconel 690 is an austenitic nickel base alloy that has been considered for use as steam generator tubing in pressurized water reactors. It has a composition comparable to the currently used Inconel 600 apart from a higher chromium content (30%). Inconel 690 was evaluated for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in deaerated sodium hydroxide solutions and all-volatile treatment (AVT) environments, and the results are compared with those from thermally treated Inconel 600. The effect of such metallurgical variables as grain size and thermal treatment on SCC resistance was investigated.The caustic SCC resistance of Inconel 690 was significantly improved, compared to the mill-annealed product, when thermally treated over a wide range of temperatures [649 to 871°C (1200 to 1600°F)] and times (1 to 30 h). The SCC resistance of thermally treated Inconel 690 was found to be excellent when exposed to deaerated sodium hydroxide at 343°C (650°F) and 316°C (600°F). There was an increase in caustic SCC susceptibility with decreasing grain size in mill-annealed tubing. However, the corresponding thermally treated tubing showed no caustic SCC susceptibility. No evidence of SCC degradation has been found in either mill-annealed or thermally treated Inconel 690 exposed to high temperature AVT and “pure water” environments.
Morphometric Dimensions of the Calcaneonavicular (Spring) Ligament (2007)

This effort may aid surgeons who wish to repair this ligament with more precision.
DBToaster (2012)

Applications ranging from algorithmic trading to scientific data analysis require realtime analytics based on views over databases that change at very high rates. Such views have to be kept fresh at low maintenance cost and latencies. At the same time, these views have to support classical SQL, rather than window semantics, to enable applications that combine current with aged or historical data. In this paper, we present viewlet transforms , a recursive finite differencing technique applied to queries. The viewlet transform materializes a query and a set of its higher-order deltas as views. These views support each other's incremental maintenance, leading to a reduced overall view maintenance cost. The viewlet transform of a query admits efficient evaluation, the elimination of certain expensive query operations, and aggressive parallelization. We develop viewlet transforms into a workable query execution technique, present a heuristic and cost-based optimization framework, and report on experiments with a prototype dynamic data management system that combines viewlet transforms with an optimizing compilation technique. The system supports tens of thousands of complete view refreshes a second for a wide range of queries.
Atomic Aversion: Experimental Evidence on Taboos, Traditions, and the Non-Use of Nuclear Weapons (2013)

How strong are normative prohibitions on state behavior? We examine this question by analyzing anti-nuclear norms, sometimes called the “nuclear taboo,” using an original survey experiment to evaluate American attitudes regarding nuclear use. We find that the public has only a weak aversion to using nuclear weapons and that this aversion has few characteristics of an “unthinkable” behavior or taboo. Instead, public attitudes about whether to use nuclear weapons are driven largely by consequentialist considerations of military utility. Americans’ willingness to use nuclear weapons increases dramatically when nuclear weapons provide advantages over conventional weapons in destroying critical targets. Americans who oppose the use of nuclear weapons seem to do so primarily for fear of setting a negative precedent that could lead to the use of nuclear weapons by other states against the United States or its allies in the future.
Quantitative analysis of optical surge propagation on transmission systems (1997)

Propagation characteristics of optical surges in amplified transmission systems have been evaluated. It has been found that the maximum value of the optical surge can be suppressed by regulating the switching time constants of input signal.
Weighted label propagation algorithm for overlapping community detection (2015)

Overlapping community detection algorithm research is one of hot topics in current social network analysis. In this paper, we applied the idea of weighted label propagation to overlapping community detection algorithm design, and propose a weighted label propagation algorithm (WLPA). Moreover, in order to evaluate the performance results of various overlapping community detection algorithms, we put forward a series of evaluation criteria based on error distribution curve of overlapping vertices. The experiment results show that the algorithm has a faster speed and better community detection results, and the evaluation criteria is in line with the inherent characteristics of the social network overlapping community structure.
Hardware design on electric vehicle LCD display system based on CAN bus (2011)

This instrument display system of the pure electric vehicle not only achieves the established function, but also has a strong reliability and stability. How to transmit the data in a stable and reliable way in poor working environment is the focus and difficulty of hardware design. According to the hardware features of LCD instrument display system, this paper presents a hardware design program for the pure electric bus instrument display system and uses embedded way to design the interface circuits of vehicle important nodes such as data acquisition and control signal interface, power supply module, speedometer interface, engine speed interface, oil amount instructions interface, tank temperature interface, car battery charger power connector, etc. Judging from the actual measurement results, the hardware indicators of the LCD instrument display system fully meet the basic requirements of the design.
[Effect of Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd mixture on experimental thrombosis]. (1997)

The therapeutic effect of Ganoderma japonicum(Fr.) Lloyd mixture on thrombosis and its mechanism were studied. The results showed that Ganoderma japonicum(Fr.) Lloyd mixture inhibited thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo, the thrombus weight and length formed in the rabbit common carotid artery and external jugular vein were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control (P < 0.01). The results suggest that Ganoderma japonicum(Fr.) Lloyed mixture has anti-thrombotic effect, blood coagulation and platelet activation were inhibited, and the ability of vascular endothelial cells against the process of thrombosis was enhanced.
A Mixed Adaptive Load Balancing Policy for Chord (2008)

This paper proposes a new load balancing strategy based on a systematical research on current load balancing mechanism. The new strategy combines the methods of gossip propagation and replication policy, and adopts two different propagation policies to cope with light and heavy overloaded conditions so as to improve performance of networks. At the end of this paper, we prove the reliability and scalability of RGP through simulation.
2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. 2. N4,N4-Disubstituted derivatives as potential antimalarial agents (1979)

The most effective antimalarial agents among the N4-monosubstituted 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones recently described by us have a cyclohexyl or a phenyl substituent and produce cures in Plasmodium berghei infected mice at a dose of 160 and 320 mg/kg, respectively. We report here on a related series of N4,N4-disubstituted 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. Several members of this group bearing alkyl or cycloalkyl substituents at N4 show activity superior to the most active monosubstituted 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones. However, the greatest improvement in potency was seen when the N4-nitrogen atom was incorporated into a six- or seven-membered ring, such as the piperidine, piperazine, or azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane systems, to give compounds with curative properties at a dose level as low as 20 mg/kg.
Gene Expression following Exposure to Celecoxib in Humans: Pathways of Inflammation and Carcinogenesis Are Activated in Tumors but Not Normal Tissues (2011)

Celecoxib selectively affects genes and pathways involved in inflammation and malignant transformation in tumor but not normal tissues, this may assist in the development of safer and more effective chemopreventive agents.
Functionality of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from tonsillar tissue (2012)

For many years, tonsillectomy has been used routinely in children to treat chronic or recurrent acute tonsillitis. Palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid organs and the major barrier protecting the digestive and respiratory tracts from potential invasive microorganisms. They have been used as sources of lymphoid tissue; however, despite the hundreds of papers published on tonsillectomy, no studies addressing the functionality of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from chronically infected tonsils have yet been published. The aim of this study was to analyse the functionality of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with respect to tonsillar tissue. We used an affordable approach to measure the frequency of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, the direct ex-vivo cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T cells, memory T cell phenotype, cytokine profile and DC phenotype. Our results demonstrate that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from tonsillar tissue are totally functional, as shown by their ability to produce cytokines, to degranulate and to differentiate into effector-memory T cells.
Preferential arterial imaging using gated thick‐slice gadolinium‐enhanced phase‐contrast acquisition in peripheral MRA (2001)

Thick-slice phase-contrast acquisition with phase-difference processing has been observed to reduce partial volume artifacts when an MR contrast agent substantially increases signal in the vasculature over that of normal background tissue. Preferential arterial images can be obtained by either increasing the VENC value to selectively suppress signal from slow flow in the veins or by subtracting the diastolic phase image from the peak systolic phase image. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:714-721.
Evaluating engineering consultants' general capabilities during the pre‐selection process – a Hong Kong study (2004)

Consultant pre‐selection is an essential process to distinguish capable candidates before they are invited to submit their technical and fee proposals for consultancy assignments. Despite that, many clients have their own criteria and emphasis, and this could result in discrepancies in pre‐selection decisions. The aim of this paper is to devise a more objective framework for evaluating consultants' general capabilities during the pre‐selection process. The paper begins by identifying the commonly used criteria for pre‐selecting engineering consultants. In order to examine the importance of consultant pre‐selection criteria (CPC), a questionnaire survey has been conducted with clients who are responsible for pre‐selecting their consultants; and consultants being pre‐selected by the clients. The findings reveal that the perception of the client and consultant groups on the importance of CPC was very consistent. Finally, a multi‐criteria model for evaluating consultants' general capabilities during the pre‐selection is proposed. Based on each candidate score, clients can determine which engineering consultants should be invited to bid for a consultancy assignment.
Quercetin loaded nanoemulsion-based gel for rheumatoid arthritis: In vivo and in vitro studies (2019)

Current research reports the development, optimization and evaluation of Quercetin (QCT) loaded nanoemulsion (NE)-based gel for the effective rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. The formulation of QCT- NE was developed using spontaneous emulsification techniques using the Box- Behnken experimental design. The cytotoxicity study and effect on TNF-α production were evaluated respectively on HIG-82 and RAW 264.7 cells. The study showed that QCT- NE has no toxic effect on synoviocytes and a strong inhibitory effect on LPS-induced TNF-α production. QCT- NE gel has confirmed adequate rheological behavior with a good texture profile and improved drug permeation compared to free QCT gel. In addition, the gel was found to be non-irritating and showed the inhibition of paw edema in rats induced by CFA over 24 h contrary to free QCT gel. In conclusion, the formulation of QCT- NE gel is an efficient topical treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.
System Design Verification for Closed Loop Control of Oxygenation With Concentrator Integration (2016)

Addition of an oxygen concentrator into a control loop furthers previous work in autonomous control of oxygenation. Software integrates concentrator and ventilator function from a single control point, ensuring maximum efficiency by placing a pulse of oxygen at the beginning of the breath. We sought to verify this system.In a test lung, fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) levels and additional data were monitored. Tests were run across a range of clinically relevant ventilator settings in volume control mode, for both continuous flow and pulse dose flow oxygenation.Results showed the oxygen concentrator could maintain maximum pulse output (192 mL) up to 16 breaths per minute. Functionality was verified across ranges of tidal volumes and respiratory rates, with and without positive end-expiratory pressure, in continuous flow and pulse dose modes. For a representative test at respiratory rate 16 breaths per minute, tidal volume 550 mL, without positive end-expiratory pressure, pulse dose oxygenation delivered peak FIO2 of 76.83 ± 1.41%, and continuous flow 47.81 ± 0.08%; pulse dose flow provided a higher FIO2 at all tested setting combinations compared to continuous flow (p < 0.001).These tests verify a system that provides closed loop control of oxygenation while integrating time-coordinated pulse-doses from an oxygen concentrator. This allows the most efficient use of resources in austere environments.
Preparation of Hollow Silica Nanospheres by Surface‐Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization on Polymer Latex Templates (2005)

Abstract Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride), (PVBC) latex particles of about 100 nm in size are prepared by emulsion polymerization. Silyl functional groups are introduced onto the PVBC‐nanoparticle templates via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. The silyl groups are then converted into a silica shell, approximately 20 nm thick, via a reaction with tetraethoxysilane in ethanolic ammonia. Hollow silica nanospheres are finally generated by thermal decomposition of the PVBC template cores. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and field‐emission transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the intermediate products and the hollow nanospheres. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate that the polymer cores are completely decomposed.
Re-purposing Chloroquine for Glioblastoma: Potential Merits and Confounding Variables (2018)

There is a growing evidence that antimalarial chloroquine could be re-purposed for cancer treatment. A dozen of clinical trials have been initiated within the past 10 years to test the potential of chloroquine as an adjuvant treatment for therapy-refractory cancers including glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive human cancers. While there is considerable evidence for the efficacy and safety of chloroquine the mechanisms underlying the tumor suppressive actions of this drug remain elusive. Up until recently, inhibition of the late stage of autophagy was thought to be the major mechanism of chloroquine-mediated cancer cells death. However, recent research provided compelling evidence that autophagy-inhibiting activities of chloroquine are dispensable for its ability to suppress tumor cells growth. These unexpected findings necessitate a further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that are essential for anti-cancer activities of CHQ. This review discusses the versatile actions of chloroquine in cancer cells with particular focus on glioma cells.