gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Brain Stimulation Technology Provides Compatibility with MRI (2015)

Clinical electrical stimulation systems--such as pacemakers and deep brain stimulators (DBS)--are an increasingly common therapeutic option to treat a large range of medical conditions. Despite their remarkable success, one of the significant limitations of these medical devices is the limited compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a standard diagnostic tool in medicine. During an MRI exam, the leads used with these devices, implanted in the body of the patient, act as an electric antenna potentially causing a large amount of energy to be absorbed in the tissue, which can lead to serious heat-related injury. This study presents a novel lead design that reduces the antenna effect and allows for decreased tissue heating during MRI. The optimal parameters of the wire design were determined by a combination of computational modeling and experimental measurements. The results of these simulations were used to build a prototype, which was tested in a gel phantom during an MRI scan. Measurement results showed a three-fold decrease in heating when compared to a commercially available DBS lead. Accordingly, the proposed design may allow a significantly increased number of patients with medical implants to have safe access to the diagnostic benefits of MRI.
A compact and fast hybrid signature scheme for multicast packet authentication (1999)

This paper proposes a compact and fast hybrid signature scheme that can be used to solve the problem of packet source authentication for multicast. This scheme can be viewed as an improvement to off-line/on-line signature schemes, in that the signature size overhead is much smaller. Since this is a generic technique, it should have applications to several other practical problems as well.
Influence of Composition of SiCN as Interfacial Layer on Plasma Activated Direct Bonding (2019)

Surface activated bonding is more and more attractive as a key technology to realize higher performance CMOS devices independent of scaling. The major challenge of dielectric bonding is to decrease the process temperature in order to be compatible with CMOS processing. In the past, we demonstrated low temperature bonding using SiCN as interfacial dielectric layer, where we have obtained a bond energy above 2.2 J/m 2 with a post bond annealing process of 250C. In this work, the composition of SiCN was varied aiming at the identification of the key elements taking part in the bonding mechanism. The film density, roughness, CMP outcome, water contact angle and impact of plasma activation have been investigated on three different compositions of SiCN. Bond energy above 2.5 J/m 2 is obtained for the carbon rich SiCN film.
Herpesvirus-based infectious titering of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (2004)

Studies in animals and human clinical trials demonstrate the safety and persistence of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) serotype 2 vectors in a variety of tissues. rAAV vectors of other serotypes are also being developed for efficient gene transfer. To date, the literature describing these vectors has relied on physical or transducing titers to determine dose, but few, if any, infectious titers have been presented. This is due in large part to the lack of reagents and methods that would facilitate the infectious titering of vectors other than serotype 2. Here, we describe reagents and methods for infectious titering of AAV2 ITR-containing vectors pseudotyped with other AAV capsid serotypes and demonstrate their utility by titering pseudotyped rAAV1 or rAAV5 vectors. Cell lines are screened for optimal transduction using a vector of a particular serotype that expresses a marker transgene. Once a cell line and vector serotype are matched, a recombinant herpes simplex virus vector expressing AAV2 rep and cap genes provides helper functions that amplify the rAAV vector genome. The vector genomes are then detected and a titer is calculated. These methods generate reliable infectious titers for AAV vectors of different serotypes, thus enhancing product characterization and reducing risk in future clinical applications.
Diaphragm type piezoelectric electroacoustic transducer (1981)

First Page
Stress-localized durable icephobic surfaces (2019)

We introduce and present the fundamentals of stress-localization concept to minimize adhesion of ice or other contaminants on a surface.
A fundamental study on the [(μ-Cl)<sub>3</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>(THF)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>+</sup> dimer electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries (2015)

The long sought solvated [MgCl](+) species in the Mg-dimer electrolytes was characterized by soft mass spectrometry. The presented study provides an insightful understanding on the electrolyte chemistry of rechargeable Mg batteries.
A single-breath technique with variable flow rate to characterize nitric oxide exchange dynamics in the lungs (2001)

Current techniques to estimate nitric oxide (NO) production and elimination in the lungs are inherently nonspecific or are cumbersome to perform (multiple-breathing maneuvers). We present a new technique capable of estimating key flow-independent parameters characteristic of NO exchange in the lungs: 1) the steady-state alveolar concentration (C(alv,ss)), 2) the maximum flux of NO from the airways (J(NO,max)), and 3) the diffusing capacity of NO in the airways (D(NO,air)). Importantly, the parameters were estimated from a single experimental single-exhalation maneuver that consisted of a preexpiratory breath hold, followed by an exhalation in which the flow rate progressively decreased. The mean values for J(NO,max), D(NO,air), and C(alv,ss) do not depend on breath-hold time and range from 280-600 pl/s, 3.7-7.1 pl. s(-1). parts per billion (ppb)(-1), and 0.73-2.2 ppb, respectively, in two healthy human subjects. A priori estimates of the parameter confidence intervals demonstrate that a breath hold no longer than 20 s may be adequate and that J(NO,max) can be estimated with the smallest uncertainty and D(NO,air) with the largest, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. We conclude that our new technique can be used to characterize flow-independent NO exchange parameters from a single experimental single-exhalation breathing maneuver.
Physical properties and photostability of 3D and 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications (2016)

International audience
Multiresolution adaptive and progressive gradient-based color-image segmentation (2010)

We propose a novel unsupervised multiresolution adaptive and progressive gradient-based color-image segmentation algorithm (MAPGSEG) that takes advantage of gradient information in an adaptive and progressive framework. The proposed methodology is initiated with a dyadic wavelet decomposition scheme of an arbitrary input image accompanied by a vector gradient calculation of its color-converted counterpart in the 1976 Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color space. The resultant gradient map is used to automatically and adaptively generate thresholds to segregate regions of varying gradient densities at different resolution levels of the input image pyramid. At each level, the classification obtained by a progressively thresholded growth procedure is integrated with an entropy-based texture model by using a unique region-merging procedure to obtain an interim segmentation. A confidence map and nonlinear spatial filtering techniques are combined, and regions of high confidence are passed from one resolution level to another until the final segmentation at the highest (original) resolution is achieved. A performance evaluation of our results on several hundred images with a recently proposed metric called the normalized probabilistic Rand index demonstrates that the proposed work computationally outperforms published segmentation techniques with superior quality.
Evaluation of Inflow Profiles Behind Tubing Using Pulsed Neutron Logs (2005)

Abstract This paper presents the development of a production logging analysis methodology and associated formation inflow interpretation model for wells that may have their production tubing string setting depth below the top of at least the shallowest completed interval in the well. The practice of selecting a tubing setting depth greater than that of the shallowest completed interval in a well is often utilized in wells that produce significant amounts of formation liquids. The tubing string is set lower in the wellbore than the uppermost completed interval in order to assist in liquid unloading of the well. Conventional production logging tools that utilize fluid velocity measurement devices such as spinners can not be used to measure the wellbore fluid velocities in the annulus of the casing and tubing strings in the well. As a result, the inflow profile of the completed intervals in the well that are shallower than the tubing string setting depth in the well (or in practice, somewhat even lower than the end of the tubing string due to convergence effects) can not be obtained with those devices without first raising the tubing above all of the completed intervals in the well. This repositioning of the tubing string setting depth so that a conventional production log can be obtained for those completed intervals can alter the inflow profile of the well. In this paper, the description of a mathematical interpretation model that has been developed for reliably estimating the inflow profile of a well in which the production tubing string in the well extends to a well depth greater than the depth to the top of the shallowest completed interval in the well is presented. The production performance evaluation model described in this paper provides a means of determining the inflow behavior of a well of this type, without the need for repositioning of the tubing string so that it is set above all of the completed intervals in the well. The results of this analysis therefore are analogous and equivalent to that which would be obtained with conventional production logging methods if those inflow profile evaluation techniques could be used in wells of this type without repositioning of the tubing string. The wellbore flow measurements that are utilized in this production logging analysis are obtained with Pulsed Neutron logs and are the liquid holdup in the wellbore and the annular or tubular flow liquid velocities. The liquid holdup in multiphase flow in the well is determined using the Inelastic Ratio measurements of a Pulsed Neutron logging device and the annular flow water velocities are directly obtained from the analysis of water flow measurements in the well.
Metabolic engineering of oilseed crops to produce high levels of novel acetyl glyceride oils with reduced viscosity, freezing point and calorific value (2015)

Seed oils have proved recalcitrant to modification for the production of industrially useful lipids. Here, we demonstrate the successful metabolic engineering and subsequent field production of an oilseed crop with the highest accumulation of unusual oil achieved so far in transgenic plants. Previously, expression of the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) gene in wild-type Arabidopsis seeds resulted in the accumulation of 45 mol% of unusual 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acetyl-TAGs) in the seed oil (Durrett et al., 2010 PNAS 107:9464). Expression of EaDAcT in dgat1 mutants compromised in their ability to synthesize regular triacylglycerols increased acetyl-TAGs to 65 mol%. Camelina and soybean transformed with the EaDAcT gene accumulate acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAGs) at up to 70 mol% of seed oil. A similar strategy of coexpression of EaDAcT together with RNAi suppression of DGAT1 increased acetyl-TAG levels to up to 85 mol% in field-grown transgenic Camelina. Additionally, total moles of triacylglycerol (TAG) per seed increased 20%. Analysis of the acetyl-TAG fraction revealed a twofold reduction in very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), consistent with their displacement from the sn-3 position by acetate. Seed germination remained high, and seedlings were able to metabolize the stored acetyl-TAGs as rapidly as regular triacylglycerols. Viscosity, freezing point and caloric content of the Camelina acetyl-TAG oils were reduced, enabling use of this oil in several nonfood and food applications.
Method for Removal of Heavy Metal from Molten Salt (1994)

The pyrometallurgical process for recycling spent metal fuels from the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) involves electrorefining spent fuel in a molten salt electrolyte (LiCl-KCl-U/PuCl3) at 500°C. At some point, the concentrations of alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth fission products in the salt must be reduced to lower the amount of heat generated in the electrorefiner. The heavy metal concentration in the salt must be reduced before removing fission products from the salt. The operation uses a lithium-cadmium alloy anode that is solid at 500°C and a solid mandrel cathode. In tests conducted in an engineering-scale electrorefiner (10 kg uranium per cathode), good separation was achieved while removing uranium and rare earths from the salt. Only 13% of the rare earths was removed, while 99.9 % of the uranium in the salt was removed; subsequently, the rare earths were also reduced to low concentrations.
The Use of Shape Memory Polymers for Microassembly by Transfer Printing (2014)

The advantages of utilizing the polymeric shape memory effect for deterministic assembly of microscale objects are explored in this letter. The assembly is performed by transfer printing, which involves a polymeric stamp with reversible adhesion as a manipulator. The dynamic rigidity control afforded by heating or cooling a shape memory polymer (SMP) stamp across its glass transition temperature allows for a dramatic increase in adhesion during pick-up. Furthermore, the shape-fixing and recovery property of the SMP material enables substantial freedom in stamp design, such as more complex surface patterning and heterogeneous surface features to further reduce adhesion during release not otherwise available.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Nitro and Nitrile Compounds Coupling with Alcohols: Alternative Route for N‐Substituted Amine Synthesis (2011)

The one-pot synthesis of N-substituted secondary amines from nitrobenzenes and benzonitriles has been developed (see scheme). This report presents a versatile and simple method for the synthesis of N-substituted amines in excellent yield and high efficiency from nitro and nitrile compounds with alcohols. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Performance Analysis of Cooperative Wireless Networks With Unreliable Backhaul Links (2015)

A cooperative wireless network, where a cluster of K single-antenna transmitters jointly serve a single-antenna receiver, is considered. Each transmitter is connected to the control unit (CU) via independent but unreliable backhaul links. The CU sends a common message to each transmitter over backhaul links, which upon successful reception, jointly transmit this message to the intended receiver. To facilitate analysis, a general expression is derived for the complementary cumulative distribution function of a sum of K independent random variables, where each random variable is a product of an exponential and a Bernoulli random variable. This result is applied to find a simple closed-form expression that characterizes the system outage performance as a function of network parameters and node geometry. The analytical model is validated using numerical simulations. As an application, the derived expression is also used for investigating the impact of backhaul assignment on the system performance.
ON‐THE‐FLY CUSTOMIZATION OF AUTOMATED ESSAY SCORING (2007)

ABSTRACT Because there is no commonly accepted view of what makes for good writing, automated essay scoring (AES) ideally should be able to accommodate different theoretical positions, certainly at the level of state standards but also perhaps among teachers at the classroom level. This paper presents a practical approach and an interactive computer program for judgment‐based customization. This approach is based on the AES system, e‐rater ®. Through this new approach, a user can gain easy accessibility to system components, flexibility in adjusting scoring parameters, and procedures for making scoring adjustments that can be based on only a few benchmark essays. The interactive prototype program that implements this approach allows the user to customize e‐rater and watch the effect on benchmark essay scores as well as on score distributions for a reference testing program of the user's choice. The paper presents results for the use of this approach in customizing e‐rater to the standards of different assessments.
Alternating and Diblock Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Based on Diindeno[1,2‐<i>b</i>:2′,1′‐<i>d</i>]thiophene Structure: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Applications (2010)

Pentacyclic diindeno[1,2-b:2',1'-d]thiophene (DIDT) unit is a rigid and coplanar conjugated molecule. To the best of our knowledge, this attractive molecule has never been incorporated into a polymer and thus its application in polymer solar cells has never been explored. For the first time, we report the detailed synthesis of the tetra-alkylated DIDT molecule leading to its dibromo- and diboronic ester derivatives, which are the key monomers for preparation of DIDT-based polymers. Two donor-acceptor alternating polymers, poly(diindenothiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole) PDIDTBT and poly(diindenothiophene-alt-dithienylbenzothiadiazole) PDIDTDTBT, were synthesized by using Suzuki polymerization. Copolymer PTDIDTTBT was also prepared by using Stille polymerization. Although PTDIDTTBT is prepared through a manner of random polymerization, we found that the different reactivities of the dibromo-monomers lead to the resulting polymer having a block copolymer arrangement. With the higher structural regularity, PTDIDTTBT, symbolized as (thiophene-alt-DIDT)(0.5)-block-(thiophene-alt-BT)(0.5), shows the higher degree of crystallization, stronger π-π stacking, and broader absorption spectrum in the solid state, as compared to its alternating PDIDTDTBT analogue. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC(71)BM/Ca/Al configuration were fabricated and characterized. PDIDTDTBT/PC(71)BM and PTDIDTTBT/PC(71)BM systems exhibited promising power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.65 % and 2.00 %, respectively. Owing to the complementary absorption spectra, as well as the compatible structures of PDIDTDTBT and PTDIDTTBT, the PCE of the device based on the ternary blend PDIDTDTBT/PTDIDTTBT/PC(71)BM was further improved to 2.40 %.
Abstract 2063: The farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib causes dramatic tumor regression and increases survival in murine HrasG12V driven aggressive thyroid cancers: Consequent adaptive and acquired resistance mechanisms inform combination treatments with improved responses (2017)

Abstract Of the three RAS oncoproteins, only HRAS is delocalized and functionally inactivated by farnesyltransferase inhibition (FTI), an approach that has yet to be exploited clinically. We treated a murine model of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer (Tpo-cre/HrasG12V/p53flox/flox; Hras;p53) with the FTI tipifarnib, and observed sustained tumor regression and increased survival; however, tumors eventually recurred. Following HRAS delocalization by tipifarnib in vitro, ERK phosphorylation was only inhibited transiently in HRAS-mutant cell lines, which was associated with increased GTP loading of wild-type RAS proteins in the setting of RTK ligand stimulation. This adaptive reactivation of RAS-MAPK signaling was abrogated by selective RTK (i.e. EGFR, FGFR) inhibitors, or by MEK inhibitors. Importantly, tipifarnib combined with the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 led to improved responses in Hras;p53 mouse tumors, whereas combination with the EGFR/FGFR inhibitors erlotinib and ponatinib did not, suggesting heterogeneity of upstream inputs. In order to identify acquired resistance mechanisms, tumor-bearing Hras;p53 mice were treated with tipifarnib until resistance developed (6 months). Whole exome sequencing of resistant tumors identified a truncating NF1 mutation and an activating mutation in GNAS at high allelic frequency. Upon NF1 knockdown in the human HRAS- mutant cell line C643, tipifarnib failed to inhibit pERK in vitro and caused resistance to tipifarnib in xenografts. By contrast, activating GNAS mutations transduced into Hras;p53 mouse tumor cell lines produced tipifarnib-resistant xenografts that activated the GNAS-cAMP-CREB pathway and demonstrated signs of redifferentiation. These data show that pharmacological targeting of RAS in a genetically accurate, mouse model of a RAS-driven virulent cancer leads to objective major responses and improved survival. We identified adaptive and acquired resistance mechanisms, and show that combined treatment with selective MEK inhibitors are beneficial. These data should also inform a currently enrolling clinical trial of tipifarnib for HRAS-mutant malignancies. Citation Format: Brian R. Untch, Vanessa Dos Anjos, Maria ER Garcia-Rendueles, Jeff A. Knauf, Alan L. Ho, James A. Fagin. The farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib causes dramatic tumor regression and increases survival in murine HrasG12V driven aggressive thyroid cancers: Consequent adaptive and acquired resistance mechanisms inform combination treatments with improved responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2063. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2063
InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices for high performance long wavelength infrared detection (2014)

High performance long-wavelength infrared nBn photodetectors based on InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate have been demonstrated. The photodetector's 50% cut-off wavelength was ∼10 μm at 77 K. The photodetector with a 6 μm-thick absorption region exhibited a peak responsivity of 4.47 A/W at 7.9 μm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 54% at −90 mV bias voltage under front-side illumination and without any anti-reflection coating. With an R × A of 119 Ω·cm2 and a dark current density of 4.4 × 10−4 A/cm2 under −90 mV applied bias at 77 K, the photodetector exhibited a specific detectivity of 2.8 × 1011 cm. Hz/W.
Application of neural network based hybrid system for lung nodule detection (2002)

A hybrid lung nodule detection (HLND) system based on artificial neural network architectures is developed for improving diagnostic accuracy and speed for lung cancerous pulmonary radiology. The configuration of the HLND system includes the following processing phases: data acquisition and pre-processing, in order to reduce and to enhance the figure-background contrast; quick selection of nodule suspects based upon the most prominent feature of nodules, the disc shape; and complete feature space determination and neural classification of nodules. Nodule suspects are captured and stored in 32*32 images after first two processing phases. Eight categories including true nodule, rib-crossing, rib-vessel crossing, end vessel, vessel cluster, bone, rib edge, and vessel are identified for further neural analysis and classification. Extraction of shape features is performed through the edge enhancement self-organized Kohenen feature map, histogram equalization, and evaluation of marginal distribution curves. A supervised back-propagation-trained neural network is developed for recognition of the derived feature curve, a normalized marginal distibution curve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>