gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S2NI: A mobile platform for nutrition monitoring from spoken data (2016)

Diet and physical activity are important lifestyle and behavioral factors in self-management and prevention of many chronic diseases. Mobile sensors such as accelerometers have been used in the past to objectively measure physical activity or detect eating time. Diet monitoring, however, still relies on self-recorded data by end users where individuals use mobile devices for recording nutrition intake by either entering text or taking images. Such approaches have shown low adherence in technology adoption and achieve only moderate accuracy. In this paper, we propose development and validation of Speech-to-Nutrient-Information (S2NI), a comprehensive nutrition monitoring system that combines speech processing, natural language processing, and text mining in a unified platform to extract nutrient information such as calorie intake from spoken data. After converting the voice data to text, we identify food name and portion size information within the text. We then develop a tiered matching algorithm to search the food name in our nutrition database and to accurately compute calorie intake. Due to its pervasive nature and ease of use, S2NI enables users to report their diet routine more frequently and at anytime through their smartphone. We evaluate S2NI using real data collected with 10 participants. Our experimental results show that S2NI achieves 80.6% accuracy in computing calorie intake.
LWPTool: A Lightweight Profiler to Guide Data Layout Optimization (2018)

Memory access latency continues to be a dominant bottleneck in a large class of applications on modern architectures. To optimize memory performance, it is important to utilize the locality in the memory hierarchy. Data layout optimization can significantly improve memory locality. However, pinpointing inefficient code and providing insightful guidance for data layout optimization is challenging. Existing tools typically leverage heavyweight memory instrumentations, which hinders the applicability of these tools for real long-running programs. To address this issue, we develop LWPTool, a profiler to pinpoint top candidates that benefit from data layout optimization. LWPTool makes three unique contributions. First, it adopts lightweight address sampling to collect and analyze memory traces. Second, LWPTool employs a set of novel methods to determine memory access patterns to guide data layout optimization. We also formally prove that our method has high accuracy even with sparse memory access samples. Third, LWPTool scales on multithreaded machines. LWPTool works on fully optimized, unmodified binary executables independently from their compiler and language, incurring around 6.2 percent runtime overhead. To evaluate LWPTool, we study ten sequential and parallel benchmarks. With the guidance of LWPTool, we are able to significantly improve all these benchmarks; the speedup is up to 1.39× on average.
Synthesis and Characterization of Co-polymers Based on Methyl Methacrylate and 2-Hexyl Acrylate Containing Naphthopyrans for a Light-Sensitive Contact Lens (2010)

Three different naphthopyrans were incorporated in co-polymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), with and without cross-linking with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), by a free radical polymerization method. The obtained materials were characterised in terms of some of their chemical and physical properties that could be important for the final functional properties of the envisaged application. Despite other important functional properties that should be evaluated in the near future, the system based in the physical entrapment of 3,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-naphtho [2,1-b]pyran presented a good potential for its application as novel light-sensitive contact lenses.
Software Protection Combined with Tamper-Proof Device (2012)

Establishment of a practical software protection method is a major issue in software distribution. There are several approaches to the issue; however, no practical, secure method for mobile phone applications has been proposed. In this paper, we propose a new software protection scheme combined with a tamper-proof device (TPD) in order to achieve computational security against illegal analysis and copying of the target program. Our scheme achieves a reasonable level of security for encoding the data and variables in a program. The program on a mobile phone deals only with encoded data that is difficult to compromise, and the TPD plays a role of decoding execution results. We implemented the proposed scheme on a 3G mobile phone and a user identification module (UIM). An analysis and copying of the protected program impose exponential computation complexities under our attack model.
Physical work and cognitive function during acute heat exposure before and after heat acclimation (1998)

Abstract : Eight physically active males, without a history of heat acclimation were studied during heat exposure for 22 consecutive days. Physiological adaptation and cognitive function were evaluated during heat stress tests. Four cognitive function tests were administered at intervals during the study. These tests involved assessment of perceptual function, spatial orientation, temporal orienation and vigilance. The observations show that heat acclimation improves the capacity to perform physical work in the heat. However, neither unfamiliar nor habitual heat strain appear to induce attentional disturbances, temporal or spatial disorientation, or altered visual perception, as quantified within this experimental design. While these data indicate that cognitive function is not affected by heat, it is possible that the cognitive function tests used were not sufficiently sensitive to quantify heat-induced impairment. It is also possible that changes may only appear in more complex cognitive tasks.
A flexible and robust packet transport protocol for digital HDTV (2003)

A packet oriented transport protocol used in the recently proposed advanced digital television (ADTV) system for terrestrial HDTV broadcast is described. ADTV achieves robust HDTV delivery on terrestrial simulcast channels via MPEG video compressor, prioritization of MPEG data, and ATM-type cell-relay-type packet transport in conjunction with a two-tier physical transmission scheme. The three principal sublayers of the ADTV transport protocol, (1) a generic data-link/network level for addressing, priority support and error control, (2) an adaptation layer for service-specific error recovery, and (3) a video service level for higher-level resynchronization of the video decoder are discussed in terms of specific functions, impact on system performance, and hardware implementation factors. A proof-of-concept simulation model which incorporates transport encoding and decoding functionality is outlined, and performance evaluation results are given for illustrative transmission scenarios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compact polarimetric SAR interferometry (2010)

The authors discuss the role and performance of compact polarimetry in SAR interferometry. The considered SAR architecture transmits either a linearly polarised wave oriented at 45° or a circularly polarised one, and receives at horizontal and vertical polarisation. Two polarimetric acquisitions are combined in an interferometric image, characterised by a polarimetric and interferometric (POLINSAR) covariance matrix. The expression of the covariance matrix for compact polarimetry is derived and the relationship between compact and full polarimetric covariance matrices is discussed. On the basis of symmetry properties of geophysical media, the authors propose a reconstruction algorithm of the full polarimetric information from a compact polarimetric dataset. The algorithm allows the assessment of compact POLINSAR and the comparison between the two compact configurations. The authors consider forested areas and compare the interferometric degree of coherence measured at different polarisations by compact polarimetry and full polarimetry. The study shows that the degree of coherence from a compact polarimetric architecture carries enough information for POLINSAR applications, such as forest parameters retrieval, if the symmetry properties are satisfied. Airborne data acquired by the DLR E-SAR sensor over the Traunstein forest are used to illustrate the results.
Cross-Phase Optimization in MapReduce (2013)

Map Reduce has been designed to accommodate large-scale data-intensive workloads running on large single-site homogeneous clusters. Researchers have begun to explore the extent to which the original Map Reduce assumptions can be relaxed including skewed workloads, iterative applications, and heterogeneous computing environments. Our work continues this exploration by applying Map Reduce across widely distributed data over distributed computation resources. This problem arises when datasets are generated at multiple sites as is common in many scientific domains and increasingly e-commerce applications. It also occurs when multi-site resources such as geographically separated data centers are applied to the same Map Reduce job. Using Hadoop, we show that the absence of network and node homogeneity and locality of data lead to poor performance. The problem is that interaction of Map Reduce phases becomes pronounced in the presence of heterogeneous network behavior. In this paper, we propose new cross-phase optimization techniques that enable independent Map Reduce phases to influence one another. We propose techniques that optimize the push and map phases to enable push-map overlap and to allow map behavior to feed back into push dynamics. Similarly, we propose techniques that optimize the map and reduce phases to enable shuffle cost to feed back and affect map scheduling decisions. We evaluate the benefits of our techniques in both Amazon EC2 and Planet Lab. The experimental results show the potential of these techniques as performance is improved from 7%-18% depending on the execution environment and application.
Cryoplasty for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease: Extended Follow-up Results (2006)

Purpose: To report the findings from a multicenter study of patients treated with cryoplasty who were then followed for an average of >2 years post-treatment. Methods: Extended clinical follow-up was obtained for 70 patients (45 men; mean age 70.5±8.8 years) who originally received cryoplasty therapy to treat symptoms of intermittent claudication as part of a multicenter investigational device exemption (IDE) study. For all subjects, cryoplasty was used to treat stenoses or occlusions ≤10 cm in the femoropopliteal arteries. The original IDE study protocol enrolled 102 patients with a primary endpoint of target lesion patency at 9 months post-treatment. This collection of additional longer term follow-up data was initiated 2.5 years after the onset of study enrollment. Results: Extended clinical follow-up ranged from 11 to 41 months (mean 31). The clinical patency rate (freedom from target lesion revascularization) calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 83.2% after the original follow-up period of 300 days. After >3 years (1253 days), the clinical patency rate was well maintained at 75.0%. Conclusions: Long-term data indicate that cryoplasty is a durable therapy, with relatively low long-term restenosis rates compared to other endovascular treatment approaches.
Aerosol Aerodynamic Size Conventions For Inertia! Sampler Calibration (1976)

The body of information presented in this paper is directed to investigators using inertial samplers for precise and accurate studies of respirable aerosols. The conventions commonly used for aerodynamic size for aerosol particles are discussed including the definition popularized by the "Task Group on Lung Dynamics" of the ICRP, and the "Lovelace" definition. To emphasize the distinction, the Task Group definition (unit density sphere equivalent) is called the aerodynamic equivalent diameter, Dae, and the Lovelace definition (characteristic expression based upon viscous resistance) is called the aerodynamic resistance diameter, Dar. The implications and efficacy of these conventions are related to procedures for calibration of cascade impactors, cyclones, and spiral centrifuges. The calibration of a spiral centrifuge at different altitudes is used as an example of the potential problems associated with the use of the different conventions for describing aerodynamic size. The aerodynamic resistance diameter is recommended for calibration of inertial samplers to be used to collect aerosols in the respirable size range.
Chaperone‐Like Effect during <i>in Vitro</i> Refolding of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Using a Solubilizing Fusion Partnera (1996)

A fusion partner, ZZ, derived from staphylococcal protein A, has earlier been shown facilitate the in vitro folding of human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Although no solubilizing agents were used, there was no problem with precipitation, even at relatively high protein concentrations. We have here investigated this phenomenon further by characterizing the in vitro refolding of IGF-I fused to one or two solubilizing Z domains. The comparison also included IGF-I without a solubilizing fusion partner. Solubility studies of the reduced proteins were performed, in addition to an evaluation of the aggregation occurring during the refolding process. Fusion to one or two Z domains increased the solubility of reduced IGF-I more than 100-fold. In addition, the Z or ZZ fusion partners decreased aggregation of the IGF-I moieties during the renaturation. The fusion partner has an effect resembling that of a cis-acting chaperone during in vitro refolding and may be an alternative to overcome the problems of insolubility and aggregation.
Effect of Ciclesonide Treatment on Allergen-Induced Changes in T Cell Regulation in Asthma (2007)

Our data support the hypothesis that CCL17 is involved in allergen-induced dysregulation of Th2 cell migration and cytokine production. Ciclesonide treatment inhibits T cell migration and cytokine production upon allergen inhalation, which is regulated independently from reducing CCL17 release, but may contribute to beneficial effects of ciclesonide on Th2-mediated airway inflammation.
An inexpensive optical spectrum analyser for measuring laser linewidths (1984)

The construction of a simple and inexpensive optical spectrum analyser is described. The resolution and sensitivity of the device are discussed. Optimum resolution is 0.007 nm in a range of 2.8 nm. Sensitivity is adequate for monitoring the linewidth of dye laser radiation.
From Softmax to Sparsemax: A Sparse Model of Attention and Multi-Label Classification (2016)

We propose sparsemax, a new activation function similar to the traditional softmax, but able to output sparse probabilities. After deriving its properties, we show how its Jacobian can be efficiently computed, enabling its use in a network trained with backpropagation. Then, we propose a new smooth and convex loss function which is the sparsemax analogue of the logistic loss. We reveal an unexpected connection between this new loss and the Huber classification loss. We obtain promising empirical results in multi-label classification problems and in attention-based neural networks for natural language inference. For the latter, we achieve a similar performance as the traditional softmax, but with a selective, more compact, attention focus.
Identification of human DNA topoisomerase I as a cofactor for activator-dependent transcription by RNA polymerase II. (1993)

The transcriptional activation of eukaryotic class II genes by sequence-specific regulatory proteins requires cofactors in addition to the general transcription factors. One cofactor (termed PC3) was purified from HeLa cells and identified by sequence analysis and functional assays as human DNA topoisomerase I (EC5.99.1.2). Under identical conditions PC3 mediates both a net activation of transcription by the acidic activator GAL4-AH and repression of basal transcription, thereby leading to a large induction of transcription by the activator. PC3-mediated activation of transcription is dependent on the presence of both the GAL4-AH activation domain and the TATA-binding protein (TBP)-associated-factors (TAFs) in natural transcription factor TFIID, while repression of basal transcription is observed with either TFIID or the derived TBP alone. These results suggest novel functions, apparently through distinct mechanisms, for human DNA topoisomerase I in the regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II.
Alteration of the carbohydrate binding specificity of verotoxins from Gal alpha 1-4Gal to GalNAc beta 1-3Gal alpha 1-4Gal and vice versa by site-directed mutagenesis of the binding subunit. (1992)

Verotoxin 1 (VT-1) and Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II) bind to the glycosphingolipid (GSL), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), whereas pig edema disease toxin (VTE) binds to globotetraosylceramide (Gb4) and to a lesser degree Gb3. Amino acids important in the GSL binding specificity of VT-1 and VTE have been identified by site-directed mutagenesis. One mutation, Asp-18----Asn, in VT-1 resulted in binding to Gb4 in addition to Gb3 in a manner similar to VTE. Several mutations in VTE resulted in the complete loss of GSL binding; however, one mutation resulted in a change in the GSL binding specificity of the VTE B subunit. The double mutation Gln-64----Glu and Lys-66----Gln (designated GT3) caused a selective loss of Gb4 binding, effectively changing the binding phenotype from VTE to VT-1. Both wild-type VTE and GT3 were purified to homogeneity and binding kinetics in vitro were determined with purified GSLs from human kidney. The cell cytotoxicity spectrum of the mutant toxin was also found to be altered in comparison with VTE. These changes were consistent with the GSL content of the target cells.
Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel erythrose reductase from Candida magnoliae JH110 (2010)

A novel ER enzyme and its corresponding gene were isolated from C. magnoliae JH110. The C. magnoliae JH110 ER with high activity and catalytic efficiency would be very useful for in vitro erythritol production and could be applied for the production of erythritol in other microorganisms, which do not produce erythritol.
Effects of doping concentration on properties of Mn-doped ZnO thin films (2009)

This paper reports that the radio frequency magnetron sputtering is used to fabricate ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO thin films on glass substrates at 500 °C. The Mn-doped ZnO thin films present wurtzite structure of ZnO and have a smoother surface, better conductivity but no ferromagnetism. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the binding energy of Mn2p3/2 increases with increasing Mn content slightly, and the state of Mn in the Mn-doped ZnO thin films is divalent. The chemisorbed oxygen in the Mn-doped ZnO thin films increases with increasing Mn doping concentration. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO thin films have a similar ultraviolet emission. The yellow green emissions of 4 wt.% and 10 wt.% Mn-doped thin films are quenched, whereas the yellow green emission occurs because of abundant oxygen vacancies in the Mn-doped ZnO thin films after 20 wt.% Mn doping. Compared with pure ZnO thin film, the bandgap of the Mn-doped ZnO thin films increases with increasing Mn content.
Double sampling in switched-capacitor delta-sigma A/D converters (2002)

The achievable signal-to-noise ratio is switched-capacitor delta-sigma modulation analog-to-digital converters is set by the oversampling clock frequency divided by twice the signal bandwidth. The use of double sampling in the switched-capacitor integrators to achieve a factor of two increase in the oversampling factor without reducing the settling time of the operational amplifier is proposed. Detailed simulations have shown that for sufficiently small capacitor mismatch, the double-sampling schemes provide a significant increase in SNR. The larger the desired SNR, the more sensitive the circuit is to capacitor mismatch. It is concluded that the random gain implementation is preferred over the alternating gain scheme, because the former spectrally spreads the effect of the capacitor mismatch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function, 3rd Edition (2005)

The Central Nervous System: Structure and Function, 3rd Edition Per Brodal MD, PhD. Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-19-516560-8, $79.95. Scope: This is a single-authored textbook on the anatomy and function of the nervous system with an emphasis on clinically relevant anatomy, development, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry. It is replete with black-and-white photographs and red, pink, black, and gray diagrams that beautifully illustrate anatomic points and relationships. The first part of the book is organized in terms of cellular elements, functional properties of neurons, parts of the nervous system, development, aging, and plasticity. The second part is organized by system (sensory, motor, brain stem, auditory, limbic, and cortical). In addition to the basic text, there are shaded boxes with more in-depth commentary. The reader can use the text as a basic clinical textbook, as a topic review, or as a reference book. Strengths: The book is cohesive and emphasizes clinically relevant points of anatomy and physiology. It is written in a wonderfully accessible style, which makes it an attractive book to read in its entirety. Other basic neuroanatomy textbooks do not really come close to it in terms of its discussion of clinical correlations and functionality in the nervous system. Weaknesses: There is very little discussion of glial elements and their role in the functioning of the nervous system. In comparison to the three editions of this book authored by the author's father, there is less emphasis on comparative anatomy and historical descriptions and fine detailed cellular anatomy so prominent in the last century. Recommended Audience: The book is appropriate for medical students, neurology residents, and psychologists and physical therapists studying the anatomy and organization of the nervous system. It would also be useful for teachers of neuroanatomy as a reference text and for the quality of its plentiful diagrams and charts. Critical Appraisal: All of the good features of Brodal senior's editions have been carried on in this edition authored by his son. Moreover, the book is brought into a more modern era with a very strong overview and organization. Shelley A. Cross, MD Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota