gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved fuzzy frequency hopping (2002)

Spread spectrum is a key technology in secure, wireless communications. One type of spread spectrum is frequency hopping. Each spread spectrum system uses a pseudo-random number (PN) generator to produce an output sequence which is uniformly "random" and nonrepeatable. The most common type of PN generator is a shift register with linear feedback (LSFR). A paper by Pacini and Kosko (see IEEE Trans. Comm., vol.43, no.6, pp. 2111-17, 1995), introduced a PN generator based on fuzzy logic. Using fuzzy logic to create a PN generator has many strengths. A fuzzy system is inherently non-linear. The output sequence would be of unknown length (if it ever repeats). The fuzzy system output would be more uniform or more "randomly" spread. The purpose of this paper is to improve upon the Pacini and Kosko system to give a more uniform random output sequence. The system of Pcaini is limited by its initial setup parameters. An unsupervised adaptive learning algorithm, called the mountain clustering algorithm, can be used to optimize the fuzzy system (by generating a rule base and membership functions). During simulation, this approach resulted in a more uniform spread in the output sequence than an LSFR or the Pacini and Kosko system.
Effects of The Modification of Heparin 6-Carboxyl Group on Inhibitive Activity of P-Selectin-mediated A375 Cells Adhesion (2006)

Several studies have demonstrated that heparin can significantly inhibit the P-selectin-mediated interaction of platelets and tumor cells during metastasis as a P-selectin ligand. However, little information is available about the specific oligosaccharide structures of heparin in recognition by P-selectin. Two chemically modified heparins, CR-heparin and SCR-heparin were prepared, to explore if such heparin derivatives can reduce the P-selectin-mediated A375 tumor cell adhesion. The results indicated that CR-heparin with low anticoagulant activity could significantly inhibit the P-selectin-mediated A375 tumor cell adhesion, demonstrating that 6-carboxyl group of the glucuronic acid in heparin may not be crucial for recognizing by P-selectin. In contrast, SCR-heparin reduced the inhibiting activity dramatically, suggesting that the recognition of P-selectin to heparin depend on not only densities of negative charge. These results provide valuable experimental evidence for clarifying the molecular mechanism of P-selectin-mediated tumor cell adhesion.
True Color Image Segmentation Using Quantum-Induced Modified-Genetic-Algorithm-Based FCM Algorithm (2018)

In this chapter, a quantum-induced modified-genetic-algorithm-based FCM clustering approach is proposed for true color image segmentation. This approach brings down the early convergence problem of FCM to local minima point, increases efficacy of conventional genetic algorithm, and decreases the computational cost and execution time. Effectiveness of genetic algorithm is tumid by modifying some features in population initialization and crossover section. To speed up the execution time as well as make it cost effective and also to get more optimized class levels some quantum computing phenomena like qubit, superposition, entanglement, quantum rotation gate are induced to modified genetic algorithm. Class levels which are yield now fed to FCM as initial input class levels; thus, the ultimate segmented results are formed. Efficiency of proposed method are compared with classical modified-genetic-algorithm-based FCM and conventional FCM based on some standard statistical measures.
Left ventricular orientation and position in an advanced heart failure population (2017)

Introduction: Previous canine and in silico studies indicate that left ventricular (LV) orientation and position have clinically significant effects on standard ECG elements, which are particularly relevant in an advanced heart failure (HF) population. Our objectives were to investigate the real-world implications of these previous results by describing for the first time the range of LV orientations and positions in HF patients, identifying clinical predictors of orientation and position, and investigating how thoracic geometry may affect orientation and position. Materials and methods: Cardiac MRIs were used to measure LV orientation angles, LV position, chest dimensions, and the ratio of LV volume to thoracic area (LVTR). Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify significant predictors of orientation and position. Results: The mean frontal plane LV orientation angle was 31 ± 11° (range, 0°–47°) and fell within the ranges used in previous studies of orientation effects. Orientation in the transverse plane, the effects of which have not been simulated, averaged 48 ± 10° (range, 21°–71°). The ranges of LV positions in the frontal and transverse planes (7.9 and 5.6 cm, respectively) are similar to or greater than those used in silico. Orientation and position were weakly correlated with multiple significant predictors, and the relationship between HF progression and LV orientation and position could not be determined. Conclusion: Variation in LV orientation and position in advanced HF patients is large and cannot be readily predicted using the standard clinical variables or additional thoracic geometry measures used in this study. These findings may have significant clinical implications because of the possible effects of orientation and position on key ECG features. New tools and additional studies are needed before LV orientation or position data can be incorporated into clinical ECG interpretation. Keywords: Heart orientation, Heart position, Systolic heart failure, MRI
On enhancing hierarchical modulation (2008)

Hierarchical modulation offers an important coverage/throughput tradeoff for wireless communication, however it has received relatively little attention to date. Regular hierarchical modulation suffers from the interference between layers. It results in both achievable capacity decrease and bit- error rate increase. In this paper, an enhanced hierarchical modulation technique along with three optimization schemes, in which the enhancement-layer signal constellation is rotated, are presented and analyzed. The first optimization scheme is proposed to maximize the achievable spectral efficiency with rotating the enhancement-layer signal constellation. The second scheme is proposed to lower the demodulation symbol-error rate with maximizing the modulation efficiency and asymptotic modulation efficiency. The parameters, modulation efficiency and asymptotic modulation efficiency, are formulated for quantizing inter-layer interference. The last one is proposed to maximize RF power amplifier efficiency with reducing the peak-to-average- power ratio of modulated symbols. This perspective is especially important for multi-carrier communications. All proposed schemes are simple and efficient. They can help recover the performance loss of regular hierarchical modulation due to inter-layer interference with little complexity increase. Computer simulations are provided to support our conclusions.
Wireless LAN technology for engine control and PHM (2003)

RLW, Inc. contracted with GE Aircraft Engines on behalf of NASA to conduct a tradeoff study comparing available and evolving wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies for applicability to gas turbine engine control functions. A variety of WLAN technologies were surveyed and compared for their performance relative to a number of critical to quality (CtQ) factors defined by the customer. Each of the CtQs were assigned a weighting factor and technologies were assigned a figure of merit (FoM) against each of the CtQs. A spreadsheet model was constructed to allow rapid conduct of sensitivity studies to assess the effects of CtQ weighting and technology FoM on a rank-order comparison of the technologies. The study initially focused on both physical/medium access control (MAC) technologies and on application-level protocol technologies that could use a variety of physical/MAC technologies. The study was finally limited to assess only physical/MAC technologies including: IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, HomeRF2, Bluetooth, and HiperLAN/2. This paper describes the CtQ factors considered, each of the WLAN technologies, the spreadsheet model developed to conduct tradeoff studies, and the rank-order selection of the candidate technologies, identifying several viable options for consideration for engine applications.
Evaluation of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate based ionic liquid systems as a suitable solvent for collagen (2013)

ABSTRACT Collagen, a prominent biopolymer, which is famous for its excellent biological activity, has been used extensively for tissue engineering applications. In this study, a novel solvent system for collagen was developed with an ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]), solvent system. A series of sodium salts were introduced into this solvent system to enhance collagen's dissolution procedure. The results show that the solubility of collagen was significantly influenced by the temperature and sodium salts. The solubility reached up to approximately 11% in the [EMIM][Ac]/Na 2 HPO 4 system at 45°C. However, the structure of the regenerated collagen (Col‐regenerated) may have been damaged. Hence, we focused on the structural integrity of the collagen regenerated from the [EMIM][Ac] solvent system by the methods of sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultrasensitive differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and circular dichroism because its signature biological and physicochemical properties were based on its structural integrity. Meanwhile, a possible dissolution mechanism was proposed. The results show that the triple‐helical structure of collagen regenerated from the [EMIM][Ac] solvent system below 35°C was retained to a large extent. The biocompatibility of Col‐regenerated was first characterized with a fibroblast adhesion and proliferation model. It showed that the Col‐regenerated had almost the same good biological activity as nature collagen, and this indicated the potential application of [EMIM][Ac] in tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2245–2256, 2013
Use of Wireless Smart Sensors for Detecting Human Falls through Structural Vibrations (2011)

Falls are the leading cause of accidental deaths for people over the age of 65 because of the fall, fall related injury itself or related complications including hypothermia, dehydration, pressure sores and pneumonia. Several fall detection systems are commercially available including Life Alert, Life Link, and Alert One where the person wears a pendant that can be pressed in the case of an emergency or with newer models activates automatically when there is no motion. Pendant-based emergency systems become ineffective if the person is not wearing the pendant (refuses or forgets) or cannot press the pendant’s button, for example when falling in a prone position on top of the device. In addition, the elderly are hesitant to use emergency systems for several reasons such as the concern of bothering others and personal pride. This paper proposes the use of structural vibrations to determine if a person has fallen. An Imote2 and an ITS400CA sensor board are used for the collection of structural vibrations induced by human activity, including falls. These sensors are discrete, and have shown potential for the data collection and diagnostic processing needed to detect human falls. The use of wireless smart sensors in the structure provides a non-intrusive method for human fall detection that does not require the use of any device by the person. A preliminary study of the classification of human induced vibration in a typical structure using traditional wired sensors is also discussed as well as a sensing framework used to study structural vibrations induced by human falls.
Elusive Proximal Signals of β-Cells for Insulin Secretion (1990)

The beta-cell is unique because its major agonists, i.e., insulin secretagogues, undergo metabolism instead of interacting with a receptor. This perspectives presents the hypothesis that the first part of a metabolic signal of a secretagogue is specific to the secretagogue and the beta-cell and can be envisioned as proximal. The second part, which occurs after transduction to more universal signaling mechanisms, is viewed as distal. Distal signaling and exocytosis in the beta-cell operate the same as in other cells. Aerobic glycolysis is required for glucose-induced insulin release. Because glyceraldehyde, which enters metabolism at the triose phosphates in the glycolytic pathway, is a potent insulin secretagogue but pyruvate, which is metabolized in the mitochondrion, is not an insulin secretagogue, the proximal signal for glucose-induced insulin release originates with an interaction between the central part of the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial metabolism. The proximal message in leucine-induced insulin release originates with leucine allosterically activating glutamate dehydrogenase, which activates endogenous glutamate metabolism, and by the metabolism of leucine itself. The methyl ester of succinate is a potent experimental insulin secretagogue. It is puzzling why the glucose signal requires the interplay of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, whereas the signals from leucine and succinate originate entirely from within the mitochondrion. Leucine-induced insulin release is suppressed and glucose-induced insulin release is activated in islets cultured at a high concentration of glucose. Conversely, leucine-induced insulin release is activated and glucose-induced insulin release is suppressed in islets cultured at low glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prognosis and Prediction of Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning and Ensemble-Based Training Model (2021)

Abstract There has been an increase in occurrence of human diseases all over the world. Among those, Breast Cancer has increased with an alarming rate in the past decade and this trend of increase would continue to grow. Now, there is a need for efficient text analytics and feature extraction tools to assist classifying, sharing and retrieving the information on human diseases in general and Breast Cancer in particular. In light of above, the present study has been undertaken with the objective to provide a comparative analysis of different classifiers on Breast Cancer dataset, and to propose a new ensemble training method of Machine Learning Classification. Here, machine learning models (such as K-Nearest Neighbour, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, Support Vector Machine) and deep learning classifiers (such as Multi-Layer Feed Forward Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory) have been applied on Breast Cancer dataset. An Ensemble Learning model for Prediction is proposed to classify the results among different classifiers. Finally, the Voting Ensemble is implemented to find out the optimal classifier for prediction of Breast Cancer. The results have been computed using the evaluation parameters such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall and Specificity. The confusion matrix drawn on the basis of evaluation parameters provides more emphasis on predicted and actual instances. Performance Evaluation for various machine learning models is computed. Results of this investigation concludes that Voting Ensemble outperforms other machine learning models. The prediction using Voting Ensemble resulted in an accuracy rate of 97.9 per cent, precision of 96.77 per cent and recall of 100 per cent.
<i>MDM2</i> gene amplification and lack of p53 point mutations in Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells: results from single‐cell polymerase chain reaction and molecular cytogenetic studies (2001)

Hodgkin's disease (HD) is the most common haematological malignancy after chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, but very little is known about its pathogenesis or the genetic events that contribute to the malignant phenotype of the tumour cells. p53 is assumed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HD, based on the observation that p53 protein is frequently accumulated in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H & RS) cells. We investigated single H & RS cells from five different HD patients for point mutations at the genomic level using multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent sequencing. No point mutations were detected in 50 single H & RS cells analysed. Hence, accumulation of p53 protein cannot be explained by mutations within the gene. A genome-wide screening for genomic imbalances using comparative genomic hybridization revealed gain on chromosome 12q14, i.e. the mapping position of the MDM2 gene in several HD cases. Therefore, we assessed the copy number of the MDM2 gene using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In four out of six HD cases analysed, the copy number of the MDM2 gene was found to be increased. As gene amplification is frequently associated with protein overexpression, the observed accumulation of p53 in the nuclei of H & RS cells could be as a result of elevated MDM2 protein levels resulting in stabilization of p53 protein.
Review of visual speech perception by hearing and hearing‐impaired people: clinical implications (2008)

Speech-reading, a mandatory part of speech perception, should be appropriately assessed and be considered when developing strategies for speech and language intervention.
First‐in‐human randomized study of bimekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody and selective dual inhibitor of IL‐17A and IL‐17F, in mild psoriasis (2016)

This is the first study to demonstrate the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy of a dual IL-17A and IL-17F inhibitor, in subjects with mild psoriasis. Bimekizumab showed fast onset of clinically-meaningful efficacy by Week 2, with a maximal or near-maximal magnitude of response that was maintained up to study Weeks 12-20. These findings support the continued clinical development of bimekizumab for diseases mediated by both IL-17A and IL-17F, including psoriasis.
Recent advances in pyrimidine derivatives as luminescent, photovoltaic and non-linear optical materials. (2014)

International audience
I-BRIEF: A Fast Feature Point Descriptor with More Robust Features (2011)

Famous feature point descriptors such as SIFT and SURF allow reliable real-time matching but at a computational cost that limits the number of points that can be handled on PCs, and even more on less powerful mobile devices. A recently proposed technique called Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) uses binary string as an efficient feature point descriptor. It has been shown that it is highly discriminative even when using relatively few bits. However, we note that the resulting features are not robust when the intensity difference between two compared pixels is small according to the test definition of BRIEF. In this paper, we try to remedy this and replace the test definition with a slightly modified one. Our experimental results show that the modified descriptors are more distinctive and more robust to typical image disturbances such as viewpoint change and image blur that occur in real-world scenarios. We also highlight its effectiveness by incorporating it into a SLAM system called Parallel Tracking and Mapping (PTAM) and demonstrating substantial performance increases.
Targeting Sod by Gene and Protein Engineering and Inhibition of Free Radical Injury (1991)

Although oxygen toxicity of tissues can be decreased by a variety of antioxidants and some enzymes, such as SOD and catalase, their protective effect on tissue injury in various diseases are fairly small predominantly because of their unfavorable in vivo behavior. To minimize oxidative stress in various diseases, such as ischemic myocardial injury, circulatory disturbance and corneal inflammation, we synthesized three types of SOD derivatives by gene and protein engineering technique. One type of SOD (SM-SOD covalently linked with hydrophobic anions) circulates bound to albumin with a half life of 6 h and accumulates in tissues whose local pH is decreased. The other type of SOD (AC-SOD covalently linked with long chain fatty acids via the epsilon-amino group of lysyl residues) anchors onto membrane/lipid bilayers of various cells. The last type of SOD (HB-SOD synthesized by constructing a fusion gene coding human CuZn-type SOD and a C-terminal heparin-binding domain) binds to heparin-like proteoglycans on vascular endothelial cell surface. Intravenous administration of either SM-SOD or HB-SOD markedly inhibited postischemic reflow arrhythmias in the rat. When the left anterior descending artery was occluded permanently, about 65% of animals died within 30 min predominantly due to irreversible ventricular fibrillation; the motality of animals decreased to 15% by administering SM-SOD either before or after occlusion. Topically administered AC-SOD bound to the corneal epithelial cell surface and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and efficiently dismutated superoxide radicals at their cell surface. Thus, endotoxin-induced keratitis was inhibited markedly by topical instillation of AC-SOD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TAT-Hsp70-Mediated Neuroprotection and Increased Survival of Neuronal Precursor Cells after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice (2009)

Cerebral ischemia stimulates endogenous neurogenesis within the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the adult rodent brain. However, such newly generated cells soon die after cerebral ischemia. To enhance postischemic survival of neural precursor cells (NPC) and long-lasting neural regeneration, we applied the antiapoptotic chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) fused to a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the HIV TAT to ensure delivery across the blood-brain barrier and the cell membrane. After transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice, TAT-Hsp70 was intravenously injected concomitant with reperfusion and additionally on day 14 after stroke. TAT-Hsp70 treatment resulted in smaller infarct size (27.1+/-9.0 versus 109.0+/-14.0 and 88.5+/-26.0 mm(3) in controls) and in functional improvement as assessed by the rota rod, tight rope, and water maze tests when compared with saline- and TAT-hemagglutinin-treated controls. In addition, postischemic survival of endogenous doublecortin (Dcx)-positive NPC was improved within the lesioned striatum of TAT-Hsp70-treated animals for up to 4 weeks after stroke without changing overall cell proliferation of BrdU(+) cells. Thus, TAT-Hsp70 treatment after stroke may be a promising tool to act neuroprotective and improve postischemic functional outcome, and also to increase survival of endogenous NPC after stroke.
Some chemical and physical properties of bambara groundnut (<i>Voandzeia subterranea Thouars</i>) seed and products (1996)

Some chemical and physical properties of bambara groundnut seed were determined. The proximate composition of the bambara groundnut seed was found to be 9.7% moisture, 16.6% protein, 5.9% fat, 2.9% ash, 4.9% crude fibre and 64.9% carbohydrate. Maximum water absorption was attained after soaking for 11, 9, 6, and 4 h at 25, 40, 50, and 60 degrees C, respectively. Maximum dehulling efficiency was attained when the seeds absorbed 54.7% water and drying for 9 h at 60 degrees C. Study of the microstructure of the raw flour and seed showed that they contained differently shaped and sized starch granules and protein materials within the cell wall in the cotyledon. Milling disorganised the arrangement of these components in the cotyledons. In the steamed moin-moin ('okpa'), all components in the seed had lost their identity and integrity.