gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TAU 2014 contest on removing common path pessimism during timing analysis (2014)

To protect against modeling limitations in considering design and electrical complexities, as well as variability, early and late signal propagation times in static timing analysis are often made pessimistic by addition of extra guard bands. However, these forced early-late splits introduce excessive and undesired pessimism. To this end, common path pessimism removal (CPPR) eliminates guaranteed redundant pessimism during timing analysis. This session aims to highlight the importance of CPPR during timing analysis, as well as explore novel methods for fast CPPR from the top performers of the TAU 2014 timing contest.
The effect of eating on lower esophageal sphincter electrical activity (2009)

Electrical activity of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) has been recorded mainly in vitro and in anesthetized animals. Swallowing produces relaxation of the LES, followed by its contraction. These changes should be associated with changes in LES electrical activity. To determine whether changes in LES electrical activity can be used to recognize the beginning of a meal, four dogs were implanted with two electrodes in the longitudinal axis of the LES. The electrodes were connected to an implantable device for recording of electrical activity. After recovery, dogs underwent two experiments: 1) combined recordings of LES electrical activity and esophageal manometry to test the effect of dry swallows, water, and solid food swallows on LES electrical activity and 2) telemetric recording of LES electrical activity during a standard meal. All amplitudes were in mV, means+/-SD, ANOVA, P<0.05. In experiment 1, an increase in the amplitude of LES electrical activity was associated with the substance being swallowed, i.e., at rest: 0.31+/-0.06; dry swallows: 0.6+/-.0.1; water: 0.67+/-0.12; solid food: 1.06+/-0.17, P<0.001. In experiment 2, there was a pronounced and characteristic increase in amplitude of LES electrical activity during feeding, 0.26+/-0.1; during fasting, 0.99+/-0.23; while eating, 0.31+/-0.1 postprandial, P<0.001. In conclusion, the beginning and duration of a meal are identified by distinct, easily recognizable changes in the amplitude of LES electrical activity. These changes depend on the type of the substance being swallowed and are most prominent with solid food. Changes in LES electrical activity can potentially be used for automatic eating detection.
Resistance to Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Root Colonization by <i>Fusarium solani</i> f. sp. <i>glycine</i> in Near‐Isogenic Lines (1998)

One genomic region in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] ‘Essex’ and three in ‘Forrest’ underlie field resistance to sudden death syndrome (SDS) leaf scorch in their recombinant inbred line (RIL) progeny. Root infection by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycine precedes the leaf scorch caused by SDS. Forrest shows rate‐reducing resistance to both root colonization by F. solani and leaf scorch, whereas Essex does not. Our objective was to determine whether genomic regions that underlie resistance to the SDS leaf scorch also caused resistance to root colonization by F. solani in near‐isogeneic lines (NILs). The NILs were derived from individual plants selected from within one recombinant‐inbred line (ExF34). ExF34 was heterogenous within regions of linkage group C2 and G, each of which encompassed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to SDS. Using DNA markers, four genotypiclasses could be identified. The QTL effects were compared with two SDS disease parameters, leaf scorch measured as SDS disease index (DX) at the R6 growth stage and root colonization by F. solani measured as infection severity (IS) the R5.5 and R8 growth stages. The Forrest allele of the genomic region on linkage group G was consistently associated with decreased DX ( P < 0.05–0.0004) and IS ( P < 0.05–0.0017). The Essex allele the genomic region on linkage group C2 caused a decrease in DX ( P > 0.05) and IS in the susceptible pair of the four NIL clases R5.5 but not R8. Therefore, the QTL on linkage group G and C2 confer separate components of resistance to SDS that are suitable for selection in a resistance gene pyramid.
Structural, Molecular, and In Vitro Functional Characterization (1991)

A nonmotile mutant ofBorrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, was isolated and characterized. The mutant was compared with the wild-type predecessor as well as with a motile back-revertant ofthe same genetic background. The mutant lacked, by morphologic, biochemical, and immunologic criteria, the major structural protein of flagella, flagellin. This mutation was not associated with major DNA rearrangements or with failure of transcription. An apparent consequence of a loss offlagella was reduced ability to penetrate human endothelial cell layers in vitro. In another assessment of functional significance, the flagella-less mutant was equal if not superior to flagella-bearing, isogenic isolates when examined in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies in the sera ofLyme disease patients. These studies of a mutant, the first among pathogenic Borrelia spp. to be characterized, indicate that the flagellum and motility it confers play a role in B. burgdorferi's invasion of human tissues. A flagellaless B. burgdorferi may be useful as the basis ofa more specific immunoassay and a vaccine for protection against Lyme dis
Reconstructing Textual Documents from n-grams (2015)

We analyze the problem of reconstructing documents when we only have access to the n-grams (for n fixed) and their counts from the original documents. Formally, we are interested in recovering the longest contiguous substrings of whose presence in the original documents we are certain. We map this problem on a de Bruijn graph, where the n-grams form the edges and where every Eulerian cycles gives a plausible reconstruction. We define two rules that reduce this graph, preserving all possible reconstructions while at the same time increasing the length of the edge labels. From a theoretical perspective we prove that the iterative application of these rules gives an irreducible graph equivalent to the original one. We then apply this on the data from the Gutenberg project to measure the number and size of the obtained longest substrings. Moreoever, we analyze how the n-gram corpus could be noised to prevent reconstruction, showing empirically that removing low frequent n-grams has little impact. Instead, we propose another method consisting in adding strategically fictitious n-grams and show that a noised corpus like that is much harder to reconstruct while increasing only little the perplexity of a language model obtained through it.
ConstructAide: Analyzing and Visualizing Construction Sites through Photographs and Building Models (2019)

We describe a set of tools for analyzing, visualizing, and assessing architectural/construction progress with unordered photo collections and 3D building models. With our interface, a user guides the registration of the model in one of the images, and our system automatically computes the alignment for the rest of the photos using a novel Structure-from-Motion (SfM) technique; images with nearby viewpoints are also brought into alignment with each other. After aligning the photo(s) and model(s), our system allows a user, such as a project manager or facility owner, to explore the construction site seamlessly in time, monitor the progress of construction, assess errors and deviations, and create photorealistic architectural visualizations. These interactions are facilitated by automatic reasoning performed by our system: static and dynamic occlusions are removed automatically, rendering information is collected, and semantic selection tools help guide user input. We also demonstrate that our user-assisted SfM method outperforms existing techniques on both real-world construction data and established multi-view datasets.
Electrode models for electric current computed tomography (1989)

This paper develops a mathematical model for the physical properties of electrodes suitable for use in electric current computed tomography (ECCT). The model includes the effects of discretization, shunt, and contact impedance. The complete model was validated by experiment. Bath resistivities of 284.0, 139.7, 62.3, 29.5 omega.cm were studied. Values of "effective" contact impedance zeta used in the numerical approximations were 58.0, 35.0, 15.0, and 7.5 omega.cm2, respectively. Agreement between the calculated and experimentally measured values was excellent throughout the range of bath conductivities studied. It is desirable in electrical impedance imaging systems to model the observed voltages to the same precision as they are measured in order to be able to make the highest resolution reconstructions of the internal conductivity that the measurement precision allows. The complete electrode model, which includes the effects of discretization of the current pattern, the shunt effect due to the highly conductive electrode material, and the effect of an "effective" contact impedance, allows calculation of the voltages due to any current pattern applied to a homogeneous resistivity field.
<sup>64</sup>Cu-DOTATATE PET for Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison with <sup>111</sup>In-DTPA-Octreotide in 112 Patients (2015)

With these results, we demonstrate that (64)Cu-DOTATATE is far superior to (111)In-DTPA-OC in diagnostic performance in NET patients. Therefore, we do not hesitate to recommend implementation of (64)Cu-DOTATATE as a replacement for (111)In-DTPA-OC.
Direct comparison of a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard at 1 volt (2016)

We have performed direct ac comparisons between two types of quantum voltage standards, a pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard, at 1 V rms amplitude and a frequency of 100 Hz. The system architectures for these two Josephson technologies are quite different. However, in the range where their capabilities overlap, they should produce identical results. This comparison under various test conditions is a powerful method for verifying ideal performance of the systems, and exploring a number of potential systematic errors in both measurement methods and system operations.
Advances in Whole-Eye Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging (2019)

Contemporary anterior segment and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems only image their particular designated region of the eye and cannot image both areas of the eye at the same time. This separation is due to the differences in optical system design needed to properly image the front or back of the eye and also due to limitations in the imaging depth of current commercial OCT systems. More recently, research and commercial OCT systems capable of "whole-eye" imaging have been described. These whole-eye OCT systems enable applications such as ocular biometry for cataract surgery, ocular shape analysis for myopia, and others. Further, these whole-eye OCT systems allow us to image the eye as an integrated whole rather than as separate, independent divisions.
Self-Assembled Structures of Giant Surfactants Exhibit a Remarkable Sensitivity on Chemical Compositions and Topologies for Tailoring Sub-10 nm Nanostructures (2016)

We report a remarkable sensitivity of self-assembled structures of giant surfactants on their chemical compositions and molecular topology, which facilitate the engineering of various nanophase-separated structures with sub-10 nm feature sizes. Two classes of giant surfactants composed of various functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) heads tethered with one or two polystyrene (PS) tails were efficiently prepared from common precursors of vinyl-substituted POSS–PS conjugates via one-step “thiol–ene” postpolymerization functionalization. With identical molecular weights of the PS tails, the resulting giant surfactants exhibited distinct highly ordered phases, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy observations. Moreover, comparison between the topological isomers revealed that the self-assembled structures are also highly sensitive to molecular topology. Introduction of two PS tails with half-length not only shifted the boundaries between different ordered phases but also altered the packing configurations of the functional POSS cages, leading to further reduced feature sizes of the self-assembled nanodomains. Interestingly, a lower order–disorder transition temperature was also observed in the fluorinated F13POSS tethered with two PS17 tails, compared to its topological isomer composed of F13POSS tethered with one PS35 tail, indicating that the topological effect also existed in phase transition behaviors. These results provide insights to rationally design and precisely tailor self-assembled structures by controlling both primary chemical compositions and molecular topology in POSS-based giant surfactants.
T cell programming by the cytomegalovirus MHC class I homologue UL18 (2022)

Abstract Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) strain 68-1 vectored vaccines elicit MHC-II-and MHC-E-, but not classical, MHC-Ia-restricted CD8+ T cell responses. This is due to the presence of a viral MHC-E ligand encoded by Rh67 (UL40 in HCMV) and the combined deletion or inactivation of Rh157.5/.4 (UL128/UL130 in HCMV) and Rh158–Rh161 (members of the UL146 family of CXC chemokines). Importantly, the ability to elicit MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell responses correlates with the efficacy of RhCMV-vectored vaccines to control and clear infection by highly virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). To investigate whether HCMV encodes additional modulators of unconventional CD8+ T-cell priming that are not conserved in non-human primate CMVs, we inserted non-conserved HCMV genes into 68-1 and monitored the induction of the unconventional CD8+ T cells. This screen revealed that the UL18 protein of HCMV prevented the induction of MHC-II and MHC-E restricted CD8+ T cells resulting in a classical, MHC-Ia-targeted T cell response. UL18 is a MHC-Ia homolog and associates with cellular β2 microglobulin and peptides. However, unlike host MHC-Ia, this trimeric complex does not engage with the T cell receptor, but binds with high affinity to the inhibitory receptor LIR-1 widely expressed on leukocytes. Indeed, 68-1 recombinants expressing UL18 mutants lacking LIR-1-binding no longer interfered with the induction of MHC-II and MHC-E restricted CD8+ T cells. Thus, HCMV UL18 appears to prevent unconventional T cell priming by binding to LIR-1. In the event that this mechanism is conserved in the human host, UL18 could interfere with HCMV/HIV vaccine efficacy as the ability to elicit MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells is likely required for protection against HIV.
Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of the Zintl phase Sr5Al2Sb6 (2014)

The Zintl phase Sr5Al2Sb6 has a large, complex unit cell and is composed of relatively earth-abundant and non-toxic elements, making it an attractive candidate for thermoelectric applications. The structure of Sr5Al2Sb6 is characterized by infinite oscillating chains of AlSb4 tetrahedra. It is distinct from the structure type of the previously studied Ca5M2Sb6 compounds (M = Al, Ga or In), all of which have been shown to have promising thermoelectric performance. The lattice thermal conductivity of Sr5Al2Sb6 (~0.55 W mK(-1) at 1000 K) was found to be lower than that of the related Ca5M2Sb6 compounds due to its larger unit cell (54 atoms per primitive cell). Density functional theory predicts a relatively large band gap in Sr5Al2Sb6, in agreement with the experimentally determined band gap of E(g) ~ 0.5 eV. High temperature electronic transport measurements reveal high resistivity and high Seebeck coefficients in Sr5Al2Sb6, consistent with the large band gap and valence-precise structure. Doping with Zn(2+) on the Al(3+) site was attempted, but did not lead to the expected increase in carrier concentration. The low lattice thermal conductivity and large band gap in Sr5Al2Sb6 suggest that, if the carrier concentration can be increased, thermoelectric performance comparable to that of Ca5Al2Sb6 could be achieved in this system.
A minimally invasive, coax-fed microwave ablation antenna with a tapered-slot balun (2016)

We present a coax-fed interstitial dipole antenna with a tapered-slot balun for minimally invasive microwave ablation (MWA). The balun is created using two tapered slots in the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial cable. This implementation allows for reducing the overall antenna diameter compared to coax-fed MWA antennas employing conventional coaxial baluns. The tapered balun connects the feed line to a dipole that consists of three segments. One segment is an extension of the inner conductor and constitutes one arm of the dipole. The other two segments are connected to the outer conductor of the coax cable and are located in the tapered slots; these segments constitute the second dipole arm. The tapered balun efficiently chokes the currents excited on the outer surface of the feeding cable and provides a good impedance match between the dipole and the feed line, as demonstrated by simulation and measurement results. The proposed antenna offers a less invasive alternative to conventional MWA antennas.
Alkaline Cellulase for Laundry Detergents: Production by<i>Bacillus</i>sp. KSM-635 and Enzymatic Properties (1989)

Journal Article Alkaline Cellulase for Laundry Detergents: Production by Bacillus sp. KSM-635 and Enzymatic Properties Get access Susumu Ito, Susumu Ito Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shitsuw Shikata, Shitsuw Shikata Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuya Ozaki, Katsuya Ozaki Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shuji Kawai, Shuji Kawai Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kikuhiko Okamoto, Kikuhiko Okamoto Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Present addresses:Research and Development Division of Kao Co., Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeo Inoue, Shigeo Inoue Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Kashima Plant of Kao Co.. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Takei, Akira Takei Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Kashima Research Laboratories of Kao Co. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yu-ichi Ohta, Yu-ichi Ohta Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Kashima Research Laboratories of Kao Co. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomokazu Satoh Tomokazu Satoh Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Kashima Plant of Kao Co.. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 5, 1 May 1989, Pages 1275–1281, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869489 Published: 01 May 1989 Article history Received: 07 November 1988 Published: 01 May 1989
Multi-scale vorticle fluids (2017)

We present a multi-scale method for simulating incompressible gases in 3-dimensions with resolution variation suitable for perspective cameras and regions of importance. The dynamics is derived from the vorticity equation. Lagrangian particles are created, modified and deleted in a manner that handles advection with buoyancy and viscosity. Boundaries and deformable object collisions are modeled with the source and doublet panel method. Our acceleration structure is based on the FMM (Fast Multipole Method), but with a varying size to account for non-uniform sampling. Because the dynamics of our method is voxel free, we can freely specify the voxel resolution of the output density and velocity while keeping the main shapes and timing.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclotriphosphazene-(diamine)platinum(II) conjugates (2000)

A new class of water-soluble cyclotriphosphazene-(diamine)platinum(II) conjugate drugs [NP(Am-Li2)(Am.PtA2)]3 (Am: dicarboxylic amino acid; A2: diamine) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, multinuclear (1H, 31P, 13C, 195Pt) NMR and IR spectroscopies. All the title compounds were subjected to both in vitro and in vivo assays against the murine leukemia L1210 cell line and selected human tumor cells. Most of the title compounds have shown higher in vivo antitumor activity than cisplatin and carboplatin, and, in particular, [NP(L-Glu-Li2)(L-Glu.Pt(-dach)]3 (Glu=glutamate, dach=trans(+/-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) showed extraordinary high activity (ILS>500%) equally against both parent and cisplatin-resistant leukemia L1210 cell lines. Furthermore, this candidate compound (KI 60606) exhibited a wider spectrum of in vitro activity by showing higher cytotoxicity against all the selected human tumor cells than cisplatin and, therefore, was subjected to preclinical studies which are now near completion.
Role of <i><scp>CPI</scp>‐17</i> in restoring skin homoeostasis in cutaneous field of cancerization: effects of topical application of a film‐forming medical device containing photolyase and <scp>UV</scp> filters (2013)

Cutaneous field of cancerization (CFC) is caused in part by the carcinogenic effect of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers CPD and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). Photoreactivation is carried out by photolyases which specifically recognize and repair both photoproducts. The study evaluates the molecular effects of topical application of a film-forming medical device containing photolyase and UV filters on the precancerous field in AK from seven patients. Skin improvement after treatment was confirmed in all patients by histopathological and molecular assessment. A gene set analysis showed that skin recovery was associated with biological processes involved in tissue homoeostasis and cell maintenance. The CFC response was associated with over-expression of the CPI-17 gene, and a dependence on the initial expression level was observed (P = 0.001). Low CPI-17 levels were directly associated with pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF (P = 0.012) and IL-1B (P = 0.07). Our results suggest a role for CPI-17 in restoring skin homoeostasis in CFC lesions.