gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of cellular and humoral immunological responses to oats in adults with coeliac disease (2000)

These results strengthen the view that adult patients with coeliac disease can consume moderate amounts of oats without adverse immunological effects.
Shadow-Based Vehicle Detection in Urban Traffic (2017)

Vehicle detection is a fundamental task in Forward Collision Avoiding Systems (FACS). Generally, vision-based vehicle detection methods consist of two stages: hypotheses generation and hypotheses verification. In this paper, we focus on the former, presenting a feature-based method for on-road vehicle detection in urban traffic. Hypotheses for vehicle candidates are generated according to the shadow under the vehicles by comparing pixel properties across the vertical intensity gradients caused by shadows on the road, and followed by intensity thresholding and morphological discrimination. Unlike methods that identify the shadow under a vehicle as a road region with intensity smaller than a coarse lower bound of the intensity for road, the thresholding strategy we propose determines a coarse upper bound of the intensity for shadow which reduces false positives rates. The experimental results are promising in terms of detection performance and robustness in day time under different weather conditions and cluttered scenarios to enable validation for the first stage of a complete FACS.
Smart Mobility in the Cloud: Enabling Real-Time Situational Awareness and Cyber-Physical Control Through a Digital Twin for Traffic (2023)

This article presents the design, implementation, and use cases of the Chattanooga Digital Twin (CTwin) towards the vision for next-generation smart city applications for urban mobility management. CTwin is an end-to-end web-based platform that incorporates various aspects of the decision-making process for optimizing urban transportation systems in Chattanooga, Tennessee, to reduce traffic congestion, incidents, and vehicle fuel consumption. The platform serves as a cyberinfrastructure to collect and integrate multi-domain urban mobility data from various online repositories and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, covering multiple urban aspects (e.g., traffic, natural hazards, weather, and safety) that are relevant to urban mobility management. The platform enables advanced capabilities for: (a) real-time situational awareness on traffic and infrastructure conditions on highways and urban roads, (b) cyber-physical control for optimizing traffic signal timing, and (c) interactive visual analytics on big urban mobility data and various metrics for traffic prediction and transportation performance evaluation. The platform is designed using a multi-level componentization paradigm and is implemented using modular and adaptive architecture, rendering it as a generalizable and extendable prototype for other urban management applications. We present several use cases to demonstrate CTwin’s core capabilities for supporting decision-making in smart urban mobility management.
Chemical removal of organic polymers from highly porous sol-gel-derived silica monoliths (2004)

A new method for the removal of the organic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) from silica monoliths exhibiting a hierarchical, bimodal porosity is described. The method is based on post-synthesis treatment with sulfuric acid and does not necessarily require calcination of the monoliths. This procedure preserves the mechanical integrity of the highly porous monoliths. Furthermore, it can be applied to remove PEG from one-pot-synthesized monoliths bearing organic functional groups that would not withstand high-temperature treatments but could survive in acidic conditions. The sulfuric acid treatment also results in less shrinkage than does calcination, which is related to an increase in the degree of silica condensation during the treatment. This could allow the removal of organic polymers to be carried out in the final monolith carrier, and hence reduce the number of steps needed for the fabrication of silica monoliths as HPLC columns, catalyst supports, etc. Furthermore, silica monoliths treated with sulfuric acid have larger amounts of surface silanol groups than calcined monoliths. They also show a higher degree of surface functionalization with functional silanes than calcined samples under the same reaction conditions.
Li<sup>+</sup>-Conductive Polymer-Embedded Nano-Si Particles as Anode Material for Advanced Li-ion Batteries (2014)

Si has been considered as a promising alternative anode for next-generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs), but the commercial application of Si anodes is still limited due to their poor cyclability. In this paper, we propose a new strategy to enhance the long-term cyclability of Si anode by embedding nano-Si particles into a Li(+)-conductive polymer to form a Si/polymer composite with core-shell structure, in which nano-Si cores act as active Li-storage phase and the polymeric matrix serves not only as a strong buffer to accommodate the volume change, but also as a protection barrier to prevent the direct contact of Si surface with electrolyte, so as to maintain the mechanical integrity of Si anode and suppress the repeated destruction and construction of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Si surface. To realize this strategy, we synthesize a Si/PPP (polyparaphenylene) composite simply by ball-milling the Si nanoparticles with PPP polymer that has n-doping activity. Our experimental results demonstrate that the thus-prepared Si/PPP composite exhibits a high capacity of 3184 mA h g(-1) with an initial coulombic efficiency of 78%, an excellent rate capability with a considerably high capacity of 1670 mA h g(-1) even at a very high rate of 16 A g(-1), and a long-term cyclability with 60% capacity retention over 400 cycles, showing a great prospect for battery application. In addition, this structural design could be adopted to other Li-storable metals or alloys for developing cycle-stable anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Determination of placement of a body-attached mouse as a pointing input device for wearable computers (2003)

We believe the notion of hands free operation is critical to the successful use of wearable computer systems. As such, we investigated possible placements of an input device for a wearable computer on different portions of the user's body, while the user assumed different postures (sitting, standing, kneeling, and prone).
Differential expression of voltage‐activated Na<sup>+</sup> currents in two prostatic tumour cell lines: contribution to invasiveness in vitro (1995)

The voltage-gated ionic currents of two rodent prostatic cancer cell lines were investigated using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. The highly metastatic Mat-Ly-Lu cells expressed a transient, inward Na+ current (blocked by 600 nM tetrodotoxin), which was not found in any of the weakly metastatic AT-2 cells. Although both cell lines expressed a sustained, outward K+ current, this occurred at a significantly higher density in the AT-2 than in the Mat-Ly-Lu cells. Incubation of the Mat-Ly-Lu cell line with 600 nM tetrodotoxin significantly reduced the invasive capacity of the cells in vitro. Under identical conditions, tetrodotoxin had no effect on the invasiveness of the AT-2 cells.
Micromachining applications for ICF target fabrication (1981)

Micromachining techniques used in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) target fabrication encompass laser drilling, single point diamond turning, and plasma as well as chemical etching. These techniques have been developed by several laboratories to produce target components with tolerances and surface finishes in the micron to submicron regime. Some of the spherical target components produced by micromachining techniques include free standing hemispherical shells (diameters 50–500 μm), micron-sized holes in thin glass shells, and plastic-coated glass microballons with surfaces which have been smoothly machined to remove a mounting stalk. Planar targets and components produced by these techniques include small disks and washers of thin brittle materials. Micromachining techniques are also used to fabricate diagnostic instruments such as x-ray mirrors and zone plates. This paper will examine micromachining techniques used to produce target components and diagnostic instruments. The relationship of each micromachining technique to presently used target configurations will also be discussed.
Semantically Rich Application-Centric Security in Android (2009)

Smartphones are now ubiquitous. However, the security requirements of these relatively new systems and the applications they support are still being understood. As a result, the security infrastructure available in current smartphone operating systems is largely underdeveloped. In this paper, we consider the security requirements of smartphone applications and augment the existing Android operating system with a framework to meet them. We present Secure Application INTeraction (Saint), a modified infrastructure that governs install-time permission assignment and their run-time use as dictated by application provider policy. An in-depth description of the semantics of application policy is presented. The architecture and technical detail of Saint is given, and areas for extension, optimization, and improvement explored. As we show through concrete example, Saint provides necessary utility for applications to assert and control the security decisions on the platform.
Three-year experience with sonicated vascular catheter cultures in a clinical microbiology laboratory (1990)

Using a quantitative sonication method, we cultured 1,681 consecutive vascular catheters submitted to a clinical microbiology laboratory in a 36-month period. A total of 46% of the cultures were positive; the most common organisms isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (36.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.9%), enterococci (10.0%), yeasts (9.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.8%), and Enterobacter species (4.4%). The frequencies of positive blood cultures within 48 h prior to a positive catheter culture result were as follows: Candida albicans (68.4%), S. aureus (60%), Enterobacter cloacae (42.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (32.1%), P. aeruginosa (27.7%), and enterococci (23.3%). The sonication method allowed quantification of the number of CFU removed from a catheter for between 10(2) and 10(7) CFU. For catheter cultures in which greater than or equal to 10(2) CFU grew, a linear regression equation could be calculated: (risk of positive blood culture for the same organism) = 14 [log10 (number of organisms removed from the catheter)] -21 (r = 0.93). For catheter cultures in which less than 10(2) CFU grew, positive blood cultures for the same organism were strongly associated with a proven infection at a site distant from the catheter (P = 0.001) or probable contamination (S. epidermidis). Our findings indicate that this technique has considerable potential for use in clinical microbiology laboratories to aid in the diagnosis of vascular catheter infections and for clinical investigations into the pathogenesis of these infections.
Comparative branched chain fatty acid concentrations in vernix and meconium of human infants (2007)

Background. Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) have long been known to be present in human vernix. Vernix suspended in amniotic fluid is normally swallowed by the fetus. We hypothesized that vernix BCFA would be found in meconium FA, and report here a preliminary study to test this hypothesis. Methods. Vernix and meconium were collected from normal term newborns. Samples were processed by routine methods and FA methyl esters analyzed by GC and GC/MS/MS. The distribution and quantities of branched chain FA were compared for individual infants. Results. Vernix ranged from 13%–36% BCFA from C10–C26, mostly saturated with small amounts of branched monoenes. Meconium BCFA ranged from 8% to 20% and the shorter chain were much lower than vernix. The BCFA ratio in vernix compared to meconium ranged between 0.28 and 0.95, favoring vernix. Conclusions. BCFA are major components of both vernix and meconium. Vernix BCFA is broader and has more medium chain BCFA than meconium. The difference in distribution implies differential retention of BCFA in the newborn gut prior to the colonization of normal bacterial flora. Funding: NIH GM071534.
Combinatorial libraries: A tool to design antimicrobial and antifungal peptide analogues having lytic specificities for structure–activity relationship studies (2000)

In the race for supremacy, microbes are sprinting ahead. This warning by the World Health Organization clearly demonstrates that the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria leads to a global health problem and that antibiotics never seen before by bacteria are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides represent such a source for novel antibiotics due to their rapid lytic activity (within minutes) through disruption of cell membranes. However, due to the similarities between bacterial, fungal, and mammalian plasma cell membranes, a large number of antimicrobial peptides have low lytic specificities and exhibit a broad activity spectrum and/or significant toxic effect toward mammalian cells. Mutation strategies have allowed the development of analogues of existing antimicrobial peptides having greater lytic specificities, although such methods are lengthy and would be more efficient if the molecular mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides were clearly elucidated. Synthetic combinatorial library approaches have brought a new dimension to the design of novel biologically active compounds. Thus, a set of peptide analogues were generated based on the screening of a library built around an existing lytic peptide, and on a deconvolution strategy directed toward activity specificity. These peptide analogues also served as model systems to further study the effect of biomembrane mimetic systems on the peptides structural behavior relevant to their biological activities. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 55: 74–87, 2000
Presentación (2017)

de la Rosa. El reconocido telogo en "El
Surface modification of fluoropolymers (1995)

COF groups are formed by electron irradiation of PTFE [poly(tetrafluoroethylene)] powders in air, especially at the surface and in near-surface regions which can be easily hydrolysed to carboxyl groups by air humidity. The application of special additives during irradiation leads to modified micropowders. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enables the detection of carboxyl and COF groups. γ-Irradiation of PTFE mainly causes degradation of the polymer; the concentration of carboxyl groups is much lower. Carboxylated micropowders created via radiation treatment retain the essential properties of PTFE. With increasing radiation dose, the increasing concentration of functional groups in the micropowders causes an increase in the surface free energy. This diminishes the strong water and oil repellency of PTFE in such a way that homogeneous incorporation into aqueous and organic liquids or other polymers is possible. So, the special properties of PTFE can be made effective in these media. Modified PTFE micropowders have been successfully tested in many application areas. The aim of our present work was to increase the concentration and vary the nature of functional groups by radiation-chemical methods or chemical conversion of COF groups (polymer-analogous reactions). A highly modified PTFE powder was used to reduce the repellent properties of PTFE diaphragms for application in brine electrolysis. The COF groups of the micropowders were modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The irradiation of FEP [poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene)] and PFA [poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoroalkylvinylether)] yields products which contain a higher content of carboxyl groups than PTFE.
Mouse hepatocyte overexpression of NF‐κB‐inducing kinase (NIK) triggers fatal macrophage‐dependent liver injury and fibrosis (2014)

the hepatocyte NIK-liver immune cell axis promotes liver inflammation, injury, and fibrosis, thus driving liver disease progression.
Rustmicin, a Potent Antifungal Agent, Inhibits Sphingolipid Synthesis at Inositol Phosphoceramide Synthase (1998)

Rustmicin is a 14-membered macrolide previously identified as an inhibitor of plant pathogenic fungi by a mechanism that was not defined. We discovered that rustmicin inhibits inositol phosphoceramide synthase, resulting in the accumulation of ceramide and the loss of all of the complex sphingolipids. Rustmicin has potent fungicidal activity against clinically important human pathogens that is correlated with its sphingolipid inhibition. It is especially potent against Cryptococcus neoformans, where it inhibits growth and sphingolipid synthesis at concentrations <1 ng/ml and inhibits the enzyme with an IC50 of 70 pM. This inhibition of the membrane-bound enzyme is reversible; moreover, rustmicin is nearly equipotent against the solubilized enzyme. Rustmicin was efficacious in a mouse model for cryptococcosis, but it was less active than predicted from its in vitro potency against this pathogen. Stability and drug efflux were identified as two factors limiting rustmicin's activity. In the presence of serum, rustmicin rapidly epimerizes at the C-2 position and is converted to a gamma-lactone, a product that is devoid of activity. Rustmicin was also found to be a remarkably good substrate for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae multidrug efflux pump encoded by PDR5.
Large change response sensitivity of linear networks (1980)

A general systematic method for determining large-change, multiparameter sensitivity of linear networks is developed from the formal theory of scattering in condensed matter. The method, based on matrix manipulation, constrasts and unifies previous works on analog and digital networks. Standard Basis Operators are introduced as an expedient tool, which aides in the solution of scattering matrix equations. Explicit exact sensitivity formulas are developed for several types of multiparameter changes in both analog and digital networks.
The hen's egg: Genetics of taints in eggs from hens fed on rapeseed meal (1976)

1. Fishy taints in eggs from hens fed on rapeseed meal, which have been reported to occur in brown‐shelled eggs of some hens with Rhode Island Red ancestry, occur also in white‐shelled eggs of some hens of a strain of Brown Leghorns. 2. Genetic tests have demonstrated that tainting in these circumstances is conditional on the presence in the hen, in the heterozygous or homozygous state, of an autosomal semi‐dominant mutant gene that has variable expression, depending on environmental factors (including the rate of ingestion of rapeseed meal). 3. No simple test for the presence of this gene, applicable to either sex, can be anticipated at present.
Effect of Adsorption and Regeneration Temperature on Irreversible Adsorption of Organic Vapors on Beaded Activated Carbon (2012)

This paper investigates the effect of adsorption and regeneration temperature on the irreversible adsorption of a mixture of organic compounds typically emitted from automobile painting operations. Adsorption of the organic vapors mixture onto microporous beaded activated carbon (BAC) and regeneration of the saturated BAC were completed under different conditions. Results indicated that increasing the adsorption temperature from 25 to 35 or 45 °C increased heel buildup on BAC by about 30% irrespective of the regeneration temperature due to chemisorption. The adsorption capacity (for the first cycle) of the mixture onto the BAC at these three temperatures remained almost unchanged indicating chemisorption of some of these compounds onto the BAC. Increasing the regeneration temperature from 288 to 400 °C resulted in 61% reduction in the heel at all adsorption temperatures, possibly due to desorption of chemicals from narrow micropores. BET area and pore volumes of the BAC decreased proportionally to the cumulative heel. Pore size distribution and pore volume reduction confirmed that the heel was mainly built up in narrow micropores which can be occupied or blocked by some of the adsorbates.
MicroRNA-21 plays a role in hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration (2010)

Hypoxia stimulates pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Recent studies have implicated an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in hypoxia-mediated responses in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and migration. We first demonstrated that miR-21 expression increased by ∼3-fold in human PASMC after 6 h of hypoxia (3% O₂) and remained high (∼2-fold) after 24 h of hypoxia. Knockdown of miR-21 with anti-miR-21 inhibitors significantly reduced hypoxia-induced cell proliferation, whereas miR-21 overexpression in normoxia enhanced cell proliferation. We also found that miR-21 is essential for hypoxia-induced cell migration. Protein expression of miR-21 target genes, specifically programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), Sprouty 2 (SPRY2), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), was decreased in hypoxia and in PASMC overexpressing miR-21 in normoxia and increased in hypoxic cells in which miR-21 was knocked down. In addition, PPARα 3'-untranslated region (UTR) luciferase-based reporter gene assays demonstrated that PPARα is a direct target of miR-21. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-21 plays a significant role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by regulating multiple gene targets.
Inhibition of hepatocarcinoma and tumor metastasis to liver by gene therapy with recombinant CBD‐HepII polypeptide of fibronectin (2007)

Unlike the intact fibronectin (FN) molecule, some proteolytic or recombinant fragments of FN possess inhibitory activities on tumor, providing potential strategies in tumor therapeutics. Using the hydrodynamics-based gene delivery technique, we demonstrated that the treatment by in vivo expression of a recombinant CBD-HepII polypeptide of FN, designated as CH50, strongly inhibited the tumor growth, tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Such inhibitory effects of CH50 on tumor were partly ascribed to its influence on the activities of MMP-9 and alphavbeta3 integrin. The in vivo expressed CH50 decreased both the production and the activity of MMP-9 in tumor tissues. CH50 also down-regulated alphavbeta3 expression in tumor cells and endothelial cells in vitro. The decreased activity of alphavbeta3 integrin was proved by its reduced binding ability to fibrinogen and the down-regulation of cdc2 expression. The gene therapy with CH50 not only prolonged the survival of mice bearing hepatocarcinoma in the liver, but also suppressed the growth and invasive ability of tumor in spleen and its metastasis to liver. Taken together, these findings suggest a prospective utility of CH50 in the gene therapy of liver cancer.
Reversible loading of epitaxial Y(00.1) films with hydrogen (1997)

Yttrium can be loaded with hydrogen up to high concentrations causing dramatic structural and electronic changes of the host lattice. We report on the reversibility of hydrogen loading in thin, monocrystalline Y films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Nb/sapphire substrates. During hydrogen loading, the Y film undergoes structural transitions from the cubic dihydrid phase to the hexagonal trihydrid phase, while the structural coherence is maintained. The transition from YH${}_{2}$ to YH${}_{3}$ occurs at room temperature at a hydrogen pressure of 10 mbar and is completely reversible.