gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deconvolved Spatial Light Interference Microscopy for Live Cell Imaging (2011)

Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is a recently developed method for the label-free imaging of live cells, using the quantitative optical path length through the sample as an endogenous source of contrast. In conventional SLIM, spatial resolution is limited by diffraction and aberrations. This paper describes a novel constrained deconvolution method for improving resolution in SLIM. Constrained deconvolution is enabled by experimental measurement of the system point-spread function and the modeling of coherent image formation in SLIM. Results using simulated and experimental data demonstrate that the proposed method leads to significant improvements in the resolution and contrast of SLIM images. The proposed method should prove useful for high-resolution label-free studies of biological cells and subcellular processes.
Improving channel decoder performance on the CDMA forward link (2005)

This work improves channel decoder performance on the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) forward link through more accurate calculation of the channel code trellis path metrics used to decode convolutional and turbo codes. This is achieved by performing the metric calculations with better channel state estimates. Channel state estimation involves determining desired signal amplitude and interference plus noise variance at the channel decoder input. Two options are presented for performing this estimation. Standard estimation is a simple scheme that results from assuming all CDMA forward link interference and noise can be lumped into a single additive white Gaussian noise process. Improved estimation is a new and more accurate technique that separately accounts for the intracell interference and intercell interference plus thermal noise processes. Simulations show that the decoding of convolutional and turbo codes is significantly improved by the more accurate channel state information provided by improved estimation.
Calcium Pre-Rinse Greatly Increases Overnight Salivary Fluoride after a 228 ppm Fluoride Rinse (2008)

The results suggest that a Ca pretreatment may increase the cariostatic effect of topical F agents.
EEO: an efficient MDS-like RAID-6 code for parallel implementation (2010)

In recent years, researchers have found that some XOR erasure codes lead to higher performance and better throughput in fault-tolerant distributed data storage applications. However, little consideration has been given to the advantages of parallel processing or hardware implementations taking advantage of the emergence of multi-core processors. This paper presents an efficient horizontal MDS-like (Maximum Distance Separable) RAID-6 scheme, called EEO, which significantly improves the performance of the decoding procedure in parallel implementations with little storage overhead. We show that EEO is the fastest and most efficient double disk failure recovering algorithm in RAID-6 at the cost of only two more parity symbols. In practice, it is very useful for application where high decoding throughput is desired.
A LIGA Fabricated Quadrupole Array for Mass Spectroscopy (1997)

A linear array of nine quadrupoles was fabricated using the LIGA process. Pole heights ranging from 1 to 3 mm were fabricated using synchrotron X-ray exposures to form free standing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) molds into which copper, gold or nickel were electroplated.
Amphiphilic Telechelics Incorporating Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane:  1. Synthesis and Characterization (2002)

Well-defined amphiphilic telechelics incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) were synthesized by direct urethane linkage between the diol end groups of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) homopolymers and the monoisocyanate group of POSS macromers. The hydrophobicity of the amphiphilic telechelics was varied by using a series of PEG homopolymers of increasing molecular weight, resulting in control over molecular architecture by hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. The synthesized amphiphilic telechelics were characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, GPC, DSC, and TGA, showed a relatively narrow and unimodal molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.1) that had close to 2.0 end groups per PEG chain, and revealed strongly modified thermal behavior. Amphiphilic telechelics with POSS contents of 19.8, 23.6, 40.7, 52.7, and 68.1% depending on the molecular weights of PEG homopolymers could be obtained. Modification to crystallization behavior is observed and attributed to the bulkiness of POSS groups with respect to crystalline lamellae dimensions.
Block and Graft Copolymers of Pivalolactone. 3. Isobutylene-Pivalolactone Graft Copolymers (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleBlock and Graft Copolymers of Pivalolactone. 3. Isobutylene-Pivalolactone Graft CopolymersJ. F. Harris and W. H. SharkeyCite this: Macromolecules 1977, 10, 2, 503–504Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60056a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60056a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Conformation-Sensitive Antibodies to ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand Cleavage Protease (2009)

Our results suggest that these antibodies may serve as useful reagents to distinguish functional and non-functional ADAMTS13 and analyze conformational transitions to understand the catalytic mechanism.
Revisiting and-inverter cones (2014)

And-Invert Cones (AICs) have been suggested as an alternative to the ubiquitous Look-Up Tables (LUTs) used in commercial FPGAs. The original article suggesting the new architecture made some untested assumptions on the circuitry needed to implement AIC architectures and did not develop completely the toolset necessary to assess comprehensively the idea. In this paper, we pick up the architecture that some of us proposed in the original AIC paper and try to implement it as thoroughly as we can afford. We build all components for the logic cluster at transistor level in a 40~nm technology as well as a LUT-based architecture inspired by Altera's Stratix~IV. We first determine that the characteristics of our LUT-based architecture are reasonably similar to those of the commercial counterpart. Then, we compare the AIC architecture to the baseline on a number of benchmarks, and we find a few difficulties that had been overlooked before. We thus explore other design possibilities around the original design point and show their detailed impact. Finally, we discuss how the very structure of current logic clusters seems not perfectly appropriate for getting the best out of AICs and conclude that, even though they are not confirmed as an immediate blessing today, AICs still offer rich research opportunities.
Otitis Media: Treatment With Intranasal Aerosolized Surfactant (2004)

Intranasal application of aerosolized metered dose inhaler surfactant alone or with steroid reduced eustachian tube passive opening pressure in normal animals and duration of effusion in animals with experimental OME. Intranasal surfactant reduced the severity and duration of middle ear infection in AOM in this animal model.
An efficient detector production method for position-sensitive scintillation detector arrays with 98% detector packing fraction (2003)

Position-sensitive scintillation-detector arrays (PSSDAs) are used in nuclear-imaging methods such as PET. The kind of technique selected in producing the PSSDA determines the imaging resolution, sensitivity, labor/part cost, and reliability of the system. Production of PSSDA is especially challenging and costly for ultra-high-resolution systems that have large numbers of very small crystal needles, so we developed a new slab-sandwich-slice (SSS) production method. Instead of using individual crystal needles, the construction started with crystal slabs that are 15-crystal-needles wide and 1-needle thick. White-paint was deposited onto slab surfaces to form shaped optical windows. The painted slabs were grouped into two crystal-sandwich types. Each sandwich type consisted of a stack of seven slabs painted with a distinctive set of optical windows, held together with optical glue. For a 40 000-crystal system, only 192 type A and 144 type B sandwiches are needed. Sandwiches were crosscut into another slab formation ("slices"). Each slice was again 1-needle thick; each slice was basically a stack of needles glued together, optically coupled by the glue and the painted windows. After a second set of white-paint optical-windows was applied on the slices' surface, three slices of type B were grouped between four slices of type A to form a 7 /spl times/ 7 PSSDA. We used SSS production method to build 7 /spl times/ 7, 7 /spl times/ 8 and 8 /spl times/ 8 crystal blocks needed for a high-resolution 12-module prototype PET camera. The method reduced the more than 400 000 precision painting and gluing steps into 55 500 steps for a 40 000-BGO-crystal system, thus lowering the labor cost. The detectors fabricated with the method were of high quality: 2.66 mm /spl times/ 2.66 mm crystals were separated by only a 0.06-mm gap for a 98% linear detector packing fraction or 96% area packing fraction. Compared to 90% linear-packing (81% area) from conventional methods, the 20% increase in packing density translates into as much as a 1.2 to 1.4 coincidence sensitivity in PET. Crystal cost was halved, and production yield increased to 94%. It generated very small crystal-positioning errors (/spl sigma/=0.09mm), required for ultrahigh resolution detectors.
Non-invasive measurement of <i>in situ</i> thermal diffusivity and local heat source using backscattered ultrasound for thermal therapy planning and monitoring (2005)

Bioheat transfer equation (BHTE) estimates of applied dose during HIFU therapy typically use prior knowledge or assume standard values for tissue properties that determine thermal diffusivity (K) and heat source (Q). We have developed a novel signal-processing based technique to noninvasively estimate these parameters in situ based on analysis of raw backscattered RF data from two localized HIFU exposures, one at sub-ablative intensities to determine K, and another at therapeutic intensities to obtain Q. Both exposures are performed prior to therapy. To estimate K, a short HIFU exposure is applied resulting in a temperature rise of less than 15° C. The Gaussian radius of the temperature induced apparent strain profile during cool down is estimated and fit to an approximate analytical heat diffusion expression to obtain K. Independent estimates of K derived using the transient hotwire technique validated the ultrasonic measurements. To estimate Q, an audio range hydrophone was acoustically coupled to the sample to detect the onset of boiling. The time required to bring the sample to boiling was used to estimate Q by iteration of a numerical BHTE model. These results are validated against in situ measured values using thermocouples and linear acoustic calculations.
Development of non-transgenic glyphosate tolerant wheat by TILLING (2020)

Abstract Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) is the world’s most widely used broad spectrum, post-emergence herbicide. It inhibits the chloroplast-targeted enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS; EC 2.5.1.19), a component of the plant and microorganism-specific shikimate pathway and a key catalyst in the production of aromatic amino acids. Variants of EPSPS that are not inhibited by glyphosate due to particular amino acid alterations in the active site of the enzyme are known. Some of these variants have been identified in weed species that have developed resistance to glyphosate because of the strong selective pressure of continuous, heavy glyphosate use. We have used TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes), a non-transgenic, target-selected, reverse genetics mutation breeding technique, and conventional genetic crosses, to identify and combine, through two rounds of mutagenesis, wheat lines having both T 102 I and P 106 S (so-called TIPS enzyme) mutations in both the A and the D sub-genome homoeologous copies of the wheat EPSPS gene. The combined effects of the T 102 I and P 106 S mutations are known from previous work in multiple species to minimize the binding of the herbicide while maintaining the affinity of the catalytic site for its native substrates. These novel wheat lines exhibit substantial tolerance to commercially relevant levels of glyphosate.
Vanishing points estimation by self-similarity (2009)

This paper presents a novel self-similarity based approach for the problem of vanishing point estimation in man-made scenes. A vanishing point (VP) is the convergence point of a pencil (a concurrent line set), that is a perspective projection of a corresponding parallel line set in the scene. Unlike traditional VP detection that relies on extraction and grouping of individual straight lines, our approach detects entire pencils based on a property of 1D affine-similarity between parallel cross-sections of a pencil. Our approach is not limited to real pencils. Under some conditions (normally met in man-made scenes), our method can detect pencils made of virtual lines passing through similar image features, and hence can detect VPs from repeating patterns that do not contain straight edges. We demonstrate that detecting entire pencils rather than individual lines improves the detection robustness in that it improves VP detection in challenging conditions, such as very-low resolution or weak edges, and simultaneously reduces VP false-detection rate when only a small number of lines are detectable.
Optimal online deterministic algorithms and adaptive heuristics for energy and performance efficient dynamic consolidation of virtual machines in Cloud data centers (2011)

SUMMARY The rapid growth in demand for computational power driven by modern service applications combined with the shift to the Cloud computing model have led to the establishment of large‐scale virtualized data centers. Such data centers consume enormous amounts of electrical energy resulting in high operating costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Dynamic consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) using live migration and switching idle nodes to the sleep mode allows Cloud providers to optimize resource usage and reduce energy consumption. However, the obligation of providing high quality of service to customers leads to the necessity in dealing with the energy‐performance trade‐off, as aggressive consolidation may lead to performance degradation. Because of the variability of workloads experienced by modern applications, the VM placement should be optimized continuously in an online manner. To understand the implications of the online nature of the problem, we conduct a competitive analysis and prove competitive ratios of optimal online deterministic algorithms for the single VM migration and dynamic VM consolidation problems. Furthermore, we propose novel adaptive heuristics for dynamic consolidation of VMs based on an analysis of historical data from the resource usage by VMs. The proposed algorithms significantly reduce energy consumption, while ensuring a high level of adherence to the service level agreement. We validate the high efficiency of the proposed algorithms by extensive simulations using real‐world workload traces from more than a thousand PlanetLab VMs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oscillatory inertial focusing in infinite microchannels (2018)

Inertial microfluidics (i.e., migration and focusing of particles in finite Reynolds number microchannel flows) is a passive, precise, and high-throughput method for microparticle manipulation and sorting. Therefore, it has been utilized in numerous biomedical applications including phenotypic cell screening, blood fractionation, and rare-cell isolation. Nonetheless, the applications of this technology have been limited to larger bioparticles such as blood cells, circulating tumor cells, and stem cells, because smaller particles require drastically longer channels for inertial focusing, which increases the pressure requirement and the footprint of the device to the extent that the system becomes unfeasible. Inertial manipulation of smaller bioparticles such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens or blood components such as platelets and exosomes is of significant interest. Here, we show that using oscillatory microfluidics, inertial focusing in practically "infinite channels" can be achieved, allowing for focusing of micron-scale (i.e. hundreds of nanometers) particles. This method enables manipulation of particles at extremely low particle Reynolds number (<i>Re</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> < 0.005) flows that are otherwise unattainable by steady-flow inertial microfluidics (which has been limited to <i>Re</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> > ∼10<sup>-1</sup>). Using this technique, we demonstrated that synthetic particles as small as 500 nm and a submicron bacterium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, can be inertially focused. Furthermore, we characterized the physics of inertial microfluidics in this newly enabled particle size and <i>Re</i><sub><i>p</i></sub> range using a Peclet-like dimensionless number (<i>α</i>). We experimentally observed that <i>α</i> >> 1 is required to overcome diffusion and be able to inertially manipulate particles.
Signal-Processing Hearing Aids for the Totally and Profoundly Deaf (1987)

We have developed a family of single-channel signal-processing aids for the profoundly and totally deaf. Common to them all are the analysis of speech into the components most important to the deaf lipreader; the synthesis of stimuli which make the best use of the patient's sensory abilities; and facilities to ensure accurate matching of the aid to the patient. The totally deaf are electrically stimulated by electrodes on the promontory or on the round window of the cochlea using charge-balanced controlled current square waves automatically adjusted to be at a comfortable level. Many potential candidates for electrocochlear stimulation have significant low frequency residual hearing, but do not find conventional hearing aids to be useful. We have found that they can often make very effective use of the voice fundamental frequency presented as an acoustic sinusoid. Our approach to these patients avoids the need for implant surgery but preserves that option should total loss of hearing occur in the future. Both electrocochlear and acoustic methods of signal presentation are implemented with similar hardware. The speech signal from a microphone or other source is analyzed by a voice fundamental frequency extractor and a voiceless sound detector. Their outputs are processed by a single chip microcomputer that synthesizes the output waveform. In both devices the aid is tailored to the patient using a desktop computer that stores amplitude-frequency characteristics and frequency mapping tables into a read-only memory.
Low-noise and high-speed charge detection in high-resolution CCD image sensors (1997)

This paper analyzes problems associated with low-noise and high-speed charge detection encountered in high-resolution image sensors. It is found that the conventional Floating Diffusion (FD) charge detection concept is inferior to the previously studied, but not frequently utilized, Floating Gate (FG) approach. A new output charge detection well reset technique and an improved biasing method allowed the design of the FG charge detection amplifier with a comparable conversion gain to FD structures but with much better noise performance at the data rates up to 40 MHz. The theoretical analysis of the FG amplifier performance, including the Correlated Pixel Clamp signal processing method, is confirmed by measurements performed on a high-resolution 1000/spl times/1000 pixel Frame Transfer CCD image sensor built using an Advanced Virtual Phase Technology. The described details of the sensor design include: (1) the over all device architecture, (2) the pixel cross section with the cross section of the lateral overflow drain antiblooming structure, (3) the dual serial register with a single output amplifier, and (4) the resistive gate reset structure for the output charge detection well. The developed image sensor does not need the conventional Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) circuit for the signal processing, since the FG detection node is sensing charge nondestructively without generation of kTC noise. The described progress in the FG charge detection approach thus opens up a possibility for future designs of distributed FG amplifiers that can theoretically reach the ultimate low-noise performance at virtually any clocking frequency.
High-resolution real-time x-ray and 3D imaging for physical contamination detection in deboned poultry meat (2004)

This paper describes a novel approach for detection of foreign materials in deboned poultry patties based on real-time imaging technologies. Uneven thickness of poultry patties could lead to a significant classification error in a typical X-ray imaging system, and we addressed this issue successfully by fusing laser range imaging (3D imaging) into the x-ray inspection system. In order for this synergic technology to work effectively for on-line industrial applications, the vision system should be able to identify various physical contaminations automatically and have viable real-time capabilities. To meet these challenges, a rule-based approach was formulated under a unified framework for detection of diversified subjects, and a multithread scheme was developed for real-time image processing. Algorithms of data fusion, feature extraction and pattern classification of this approach are described in this paper. Detection performance and overall throughput of the system are also discussed.
Development of a monitoring tape for determination of hydrogen sulfide using silver perchlorate. (1994)

A porous cellulose tape coated with silica gel as the absorbent and impregnated with a processing solution that includes silver perchlorate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, glycerin and methanol is a highly sensitive means of detecting hydrogen sulfide and is stable upon exposure to light. Hydrogen sulfide, absorbed on the surface of the tape, reacted with silver perchlorate to form a stain (silver sulfide), the intensity of which could be measured quantitatively by an optical system to determine the concentration of hydrogen sulfide. A linear relation was obtained between sampling time and relative intensity in the range of 550 ppb of hydrogen sulfide at a constant flow rate of sampling gas. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio=3) was 2 ppb for hydrogen sulfide with a sampling time of 5 min and flow rate of 350 ml/min. The sensitivity of this tape was 2.5 times as high as that previously reported. This method is not greatly affected by other gases except for hydride gases such as phosphine.