gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Multicast Throughput in a Single-Hop Multi-channel Wireless Network (2014)

This paper studies multicast traffic in a wireless network in which all nodes are within communication range of each other and share multiple independent channels. A node in this network cannot simultaneously transmit and receive, and can only transmit on one channel at a time, but when not transmitting it can simultaneously receive all channels. It is shown that increased throughput may be achieved by using erasure coding, which eliminates the requirement that all recipients listen at the same time. For any given set of multicast sessions, throughput may be optimized subject to a fairness constraint by solving a certain linear programming problem.
All-Optical Silicon-Photonic Constellation Conversion (2015)

Optical communication networks use electrical constellation converters requiring optical-electrical-optical conversions and expensive, symbol-rate limiting electronics. Consequently, methods for all-optical constellation conversions tailored to some specific modulation formats have been proposed [1-4]. However, a generic technique for constellation conversion among amplitude-phase modulation formats has yet to be developed.
Combination of 2D sensitivity encoding and 2D partial fourier techniques for improved acceleration in 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (2005)

Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and partial Fourier (PF) techniques both reduce MRI acquisition time. Two-dimensional SENSE uses coil sensitivities to unfold aliasing in the phase/slice-encoding plane. One-dimensional PF and homodyne reconstruction are routinely applied in the frequency/phase-encoding plane to compensate for nonsampled k-space of the presumed real magnetization. Recently, a modified 3D elliptical centric acquisition was proposed to facilitate 2D-PF and homodyne reconstruction on an undersampled phase/slice-encoding plane. In this work we hypothesized that this 2D-PF technique can be combined with 2D-SENSE to achieve a greater acceleration factor than what each method can provide separately. Reconstruction of data whereby SENSE and PF are applied along the same axes is described. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) results from experiments using four receiver coils in phantom and volunteer studies are shown. In 11 volunteer studies, the SENSE-PF-homodyne technique using sevenfold acceleration (4x SENSE, 1.7x PF) consistently provided high-diagnostic-quality images with near 1-mm isotropic resolution in acquisition times of <20 s.
Preparation and characterization of off-congruent lithium niobate crystals (1992)

Vapor transport equilibration was used to prepare lithium niobate crystals of a variety of controlled off-congruent compositions. Crystals were characterized through measurement of the ferroelectric Curie temperature Tc and measurement of the temperature for noncritical phase matching TPM of second-harmonic generation from both 1.064- and 1.32-μm laser sources. Across the majority of the single-phase region, both Tc and TPM were observed to vary nearly linearly with Li/Nb ratio. The variation in TPM with Li/Nb ratio was observed to change direction within the single-phase region at some small but finite compositional interval away from the Li-rich phase boundary. Crystals equilibrated to the Li-rich phase boundary had excellent optical homogeneity. Preparation of Li-poor crystals was hampered by extremely slow lithium diffusivity and problems with second-phase precipitation.
Thermooptic tunable wavelength filters using polymer waveguide Bragg gratings (2002)

We demonstrate a tunable wavelength optical waveguide filter with a Bragg grating on a low-loss polymer waveguide. To control the peak wavelength of the Bragg reflector, an electrical power is applied to the device electrode so that the effective index of the polymer waveguide is change by the joule heating.
Mobility Analysis of 2 nm to 11 nm Aerosol Particles with an Aspirating Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer (2013)

We describe the performance of a drift tube-ion mobility spectrometry (DT-IMS) instrument for the measurement of aerosol particles. In DT-IMS, the electrical mobility of a measured particle is inferred directly from the time required for the particle to traverse a drift region, with motion driven by an electrostatic field. Electrical mobility distributions are hence linked to arrival time distributions (ATDs) for particles reaching a detector downstream of the drift region. The developed instrument addresses two obstacles that have limited DT-IMS use for aerosol measurement previously: (1) conventional drift tubes cannot efficiently sample charged particles at ground potential and (2) the sensitivities of commonly used Faraday plate detectors are too low for most aerosols. Obstacle (1) is circumvented by creating a “sample volume” of aerosol for measurement, defined by the streamlines of fluid flow. Obstacle (2) is bypassed by interfacing the end of the drift region with a condensation particle counter. The DT-IMS prototype shows high linearity for arrival time versus inverse electrical mobility (R 2 > 0.99) over the size range tested (2.2–11.1 nm), and measurements compare well with both analytical and numerical models of device performance. A dimensionless calibration curve linking drift time to inverse electrical mobility is developed. In less than 5 s, it is possible to measure 11.1 nm particles, while 2.2 nm particles are analyzable on a subsecond scale. The transmission efficiency is found to be dependent upon electrostatic deposition for short drift times and upon advective losses for long drift times. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Power and current limit estimation for batteries (2014)

The present invention relates to a method and a system for determining a charge current and a discharge current of an energy storage cell.
An ultrasonic transit-time gas flowmeter for automotive applications (2006)

A new concept for ultrasonic transit-time gas flowmeters, utilizing high temperature resistant capacitance transducers, and results from a preliminary laboratory prototype, are presented. With this concept, measurements of hot (up to 450/spl deg/C) and pulsating gas flows have been achieved for the first time. Such conditions occur e.g. in the exhaust gas train of a combustion engine. An adaptive pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is used to overcome the problems associated with the range and dynamics of the gas temperature. Large temperature variations prevent a continuous detection of ultrasonic pulse arrival times. Coherent reflections are generated, since the acoustic impedances of the gas and the transducers are mismatched. Depending on the gas temperatures these reflections may overlap with the actual signal. The presented method renders feasible a correct detection over the whole temperature range. Results are presented for the mass flow rate in a 50 mm diameter pipe measured at a PRF up to 5.5 kHz.
Production of germline transgenic Pacific salmonids with dramatically increased growth performance (1995)

Transgenic Pacific salmon have been produced by microinjection of a DNA construct consisting of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth hormone sequences driven by an ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) antifreeze protein promoter. This construct was retained in approximately 4% of fish derived from injected eggs, and resulted in dramatic enhancement of growth relative to controls. For coho salmon (O. kisutch) at 15 months of age, the average size of transgenic fish was more than 10-fold that of controls, with the largest fish more than 30-fold larger than nontransgenic siblings. Dramatic growth enhancement was also observed in transgenic rainbow trout (O. mykiss), cutthroat trout (O. clarki), and chinook salmon using this same gene construct. Transgenic coho salmon underwent precocious parr–smolt transformation during their first fall, approximately 6 months in advance of their nontransgenic siblings. At 2 years of age, five male transgenic coho salmon became sexually mature, and four of these transmitted the gene construct to sperm, the negative fish being transgenic in blood but not fin tissue. These results show that while some fish are mosaic for the gene construct in different tissues, most are transgenic in both germline and somatic tissue.
On the design of an effient hydrogen liquefaction process (2006)

A first model for a hydrogen liquefaction prototype laboratory unit has been developed. The process is based on using a mixed component refrigerant (MCR) process for pre-cooling. The process also includes an implementation of ortho para conversion. By simulations it has been shown that this process have potential to improve the exergy efficiency for the liquefaction process and thereby also the energy requirements for hydrogen liquefaction. One of the key points in the design work has been to find a refrigerant that is sufficiently wide-boiling and at the same time not freezing at the low temperature end. The goal has been to reach sub-cooling to below 75 K without freezing out any component of the MCR.
The coherence predictor cache: a resource-efficient and accurate coherence prediction infrastructure (2005)

Two-level coherence predictors have shown great promise to reduce coherence overhead in shared memory multiprocessors. However, to be accurate they require a memory overhead that on e.g. a 64-processor machine can be as high as 50%.Based on an application case study consisting of seven applications from SPLASH-2, a first observation made in this paper is that memory blocks subject to coherence activities usually constitute only a small fraction (around 10%) of the entire application footprint. Based on this, we contribute with a new class of resource-efficient coherence predictors that is organized as a cache attached to each memory controller. We show that such a Coherence Predictor Cache (CPC) can provide nearly as effective predictions as if a predictor is associated with every memory block, but needs only 2-7% as many predictors.
Improving readiness for enterprise migration to the cloud (2014)

Enterprises are increasingly moving their IT infrastructures to the Cloud, driven by the promise of low-cost access to ready-to-use, elastic resources. Given the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of enterprise IT environments, a rapid and accurate discovery of complex infrastructure dependencies at the application, middleware, and network level is key to a successful migration to the Cloud. Existing migration approaches typically replicate source resources and configurations on the target site, making it challenging to optimize the resource usage (for reduced cost with same or better performance) or cloud-fit configuration (no misconfiguration) after migration. The responsibility of reconfiguring the target environment after migration is often left to the users, who, as a result, fail to reap the benefits of reduced cost and improved performance in the Cloud. In this paper we propose a method that automatically computes optimized target resources and identifies configurations given discovered source properties and dependencies of machines, while prioritizing performance in the target environment. From our analysis, we could reduce service costs by 60.1%, and found four types of misconfigurations from real enterprise datasets, affecting up to 81.8% of a data center's servers.
An Assessment of Module Cooling Enhancement With Thermoelectric Coolers (2003)

The trend towards increasing heat flux at the chip and module level in computers is continuing. This trend coupled with the desire to increase performance by reducing chip operating temperatures presents a further challenge to thermal engineers. This paper will provide an assessment of the potential for module cooling enhancement with thermoelectric coolers. A brief background discussion of thermo-electric cooling is provided citing some of the early history of thermoelectrics as well as more recent developments from the literature. An example analyzing cooling enhancement of a multi-chip module package with a thermoelectric cooler is discussed. The analysis utilizes closed form equations incorporating both thermoelectric cooler parameters and package level thermal resistances to relate allowable module power to chip temperature. Comparisons are made of allowable module power with and without thermoelectric coolers based upon either air or water module level cooling. These results show that conventional thermoelectric coolers are inadequate to meet the requirements. Consideration is then given to improvements in allowable module power that might be obtained through increases in the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT or miniaturization of the thermoelectric elements.
Single-stranded binding proteins and helicase enhance the activity of prokaryotic argonautes in vitro (2018)

Prokaryotic argonautes are a unique class of nucleic acid-guided endonucleases putatively involved in cellular defense against foreign genetic elements. While their eukaryotic homologs and Cas protein counterparts require single-stranded RNAs as guides, some prokaryotic argonautes are able to utilize short single-stranded DNAs as guides for sequence-specific endonuclease activity. Many complications currently prevent the use of prokaryotic argonautes for in vivo gene-editing applications; however, they do exhibit potential as a new class of in vitro molecular tools if certain challenges can be overcome, specifically the limitations on substrate accessibility which leads to unequal levels of activity across a broad palate of substrates and the inability to act on double-stranded DNA substrates. Here we demonstrate the use of accessory factors, including thermostable single-stranded DNA binding proteins and UvrD-like helicase, in conjunction with prokaryotic argonautes to significantly improve enzymatic activity and enable functionality with a broader range of substrates, including linear double-stranded DNA substrates. We also demonstrate the use of Thermus thermophilus argonaute with accessory factors as a programmable restriction enzyme to generate long, unique single-stranded overhangs from linear double-stranded substrates compatible with downstream ligation.
AUTOMOTIVE NAVIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH FIBER GYROSCOPE (1988)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Oho, H. Sonobe, T. Kumagai, H. Kajioka, S. Okabayashi, and H. Nemoto, "AUTOMOTIVE NAVIGATION EXPERIMENTS WITH FIBER GYROSCOPE," in Optical Fiber Sensors, Vol. 2 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1988), paper PD3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Time-Delay Characteristics of Laser Triggered Multi-Stage Vacuum Switch (2018)

Based on the working principle of laser triggered multi-stage gas switch and previous work on multi-break vacuum switch, a laser triggered multi-stage vacuum switch (LTMVS) composed of laser triggered vacuum gap and multi-stage self-breakdown vacuum gaps is proposed in this paper. LTMVS shows highly developing potential to be the substitute for laser triggered multi-stage gas switches in pulse power facilities. And a simplified prototype of LTMVS is established with a detachable vacuum chamber and a short vacuum gap. Based on theoretical analysis about the tested closing process of test prototype, the working process of the prototype can be equally divided into two periods, the trigger of vacuum chamber and the self-breakdown of short vacuum gap; thus, the delay time of LTMVS contains of triggering delay time of laser triggered vacuum gap and the self-breakdown delay time of multi-stage vacuum gaps. And the time-delay characteristics of the prototype are studied separately with above two periods under various applied voltage. The test results prove that, the triggering delay time of vacuum chamber and the self-breakdown delay time of short vacuum gap are both affected by operating voltage; thus, favorable time-delay characteristics of LTMVS can be obtained by regulating the voltage distribution between triggered vacuum gap and self-breakdown vacuum gaps properly. And the delay time of LTMVS prototype can be controlled within 60ns based on the test results.
Increasing the efficiency of seismic data acquisition via compressive sensing (2014)

Abstract Optimal selection of locations for sensors in a seismic survey has been a long-standing issue for geophysicists. If they could sample the earth at two points per wavelength or better in all dimensions according to Nyquist sampling theory, design would not be an issue. The reality of limited access and funding requires geophysicists to make do with orders of magnitude fewer sampling points than Nyquist theory would dictate. Compressive sensing (CS) provides a new theory for nonuniform sampling that allows the use of significantly fewer sensors than current practice in seismic exploration would require. CS concepts can be applied to seismic survey design.
Analysis of a Class-B Microwave-Photonic Link Using Optical Frequency Modulation (2008)

A class-B microwave-photonic link using optical frequency modulation (FM) and fiber-Bragg gratings (FBGs) is analyzed and results verified with measurements. Input voltage is converted linearly to FM, and this FM is converted by each FBG to intensity modulation. For small FM index beta, the signal increases as beta <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , becoming linear in beta with a frequency offset or carrier leakage, and third-order distortion resulting from the detection process is shown to be worse than that obtained using a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator at the same modulation index. For large beta( > 10), third-order distortion approaches zero and ideal class-B operation is predicted, and the only shot noise and relative intensity noise (RIN) added is that which arises from the detected signal power.
JC Virus Quasispecies Analysis Reveals a Complex Viral Population Underlying Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Supports Viral Dissemination via the Hematogenous Route (2014)

For the first time, the JC polyomavirus population contained in different body compartments of patients diagnosed with progressive multifocal encephalopathy has been studied by deep sequencing. Two main findings came out of this work. First, it became apparent that the complexity of the viral population associated with PML has been highly underestimated so far, suggestive of a highly dynamic process of reorganization of the noncoding control region of JC polyomavirus in vivo, mainly in CSF and blood. Second, evidence showing viral dissemination from and/or toward the brain via the hematogenous route was provided, confirming a hypothesis that was recently put forward in the field.
High-Speed Jet Noise Reduction Using Microjets on a Jet Engine (2004)

by a jet engine. Experiments were conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center using a General Electric YJ97-GE-3 turbofan jet engine that was equipped with a 317.5 mm converging nozzle. The engine was operated at conditions that resulted in jets with fully expanded Mach numbers of 0.9 and 1.3. The microjets were generated using up to 48 evenly spaced micro-nozzles that had exit diameters of 1.2 and 2.4 mm. The operating pressure of the microjets was varied from 7.9 to 42.4 bar. Various microjet configurations were used resulting in a total mass flux of the microjets that ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 % of the primary mass flux for the subsonic jet and from 0.3 to 1.0 % of the primary mass flux for the supersonic jet. Through the various configurations it was found that reductions of up to 2 dB in the OASPL could be obtained for both the subsonic and supersonic jets. The reductions for the subsonic jet were seen at all frequencies while they were seen primarily at the higher frequencies for the supersonic jet. A reduction of about 2 dB in the shock noise of the supersonic jet was also observed.
Entangled-photon ellipsometry (2002)

Performing reliable measurements in optical metrology, such as those needed in ellipsometry, requires a calibrated source and detector, or a well-characterized reference sample. We present a novel interferometric technique to perform reliable ellipsometric measurements. This technique relies on the use of a nonclassical optical source, namely, polarization-entangled twin photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion from a nonlinear crystal, in conjunction with a coincidence-detection scheme. Ellipsometric measurements acquired with this scheme are absolute, i.e., they require neither source nor detector calibration, nor do they require a reference.
Trust Management in Open Systems (TMOS) (2002)

Abstract : Distributed software subjects face the problem of determining one another's trustworthiness. The problem considered in the Trust Management in Open Systems (TMOS) project is management of the exchange of sensitive credentials between strangers for the purpose of property-based authentication and authorization. We designed a framework in which client and server establish mutual trust by exchanging credentials that are themselves protected resources. Protected resources are governed by role-based access control policies where roles are derived directly from property-based credentials. Within the framework, credentials are disclosed only to entities that meet the governing access control policies. By performing a sequence of credential exchanges, the framework establishes trust incrementally, enabling sensitive credentials to flow as required to meet the trust requirements of a desired transaction. In addition to a trust negotiation framework, we developed the concept of a negotiation strategy. A negotiation strategy controls the exchange of credentials. For instance, it determines how success and failure are detected. It also determines whether the exchange is guided by an exchange of explicit credential requests and, if so, the content of those requests. We formally specified and analyzed three negotiation strategies (the eager strategy, the parsimonious strategy, and the prudent strategy) and investigated hybrids of these strategies.
Radiometer input circuit requirements for microwave thermography (1983)

Radiometer system performance requirements and problems relevant to the technique of medical microwave thermography are briefly reviewed. The Dicke-type radiometer input circuit normally used for this application is analysed to determine the factors limiting measurement performance. It is shown that input circuit losses combined with aerial to body impedance mismatch can cause significant measurement errors.
Efficient Puncturing Method for Rate-Compatible Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2007)

In this paper, we propose an efficient puncturing method for LDPC codes. The proposed algorithm provides the order of variable nodes for puncturing based on the proposed cost function. The proposed cost function tries to maximize the minimum reliability among those provided from all check nodes. Also, it tries to allocate survived check nodes evenly to all punctured variable nodes. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm prevents the formation of a stopping set from the punctured variable nodes even when the amount of puncturing is quite large. Simulation results show that the proposed punctured LDPC codes perform better than existing punctured LDPC codes.