gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated registration and orthorectification package for Landsat and Landsat-like data processing (2009)

Precise registration and orthorectification of remote sensing images are the basic processes for quantitative remote sensing applications, especially for multi-temporal image analysis. In this paper, we present an automated precise registration and orthorectification package (AROP) for Landsat and Landsat-like data processing. The Landsat and Landsat-like satellite images acquired from different sensors at different spatial resolutions and projections can be re-projected, co-registered, and orthorectified to the same projection, geographic extent, and spatial resolution using a common base image through a combined resampling strategy; this allows us to perform multi-temporal image analysis directly. This paper presents and tests the AROP package on Landsat and Landsat-like data. The package is now freely available from our research web site.
A Metamodel for the Behavior Trees Modelling Technique (2005)

Behavior trees have been used as a modelling technique to successfully develop a number of complex software systems. However, the only available formal characterisation of this technique makes heavy use of CSP, which is not very accessible for the object-oriented community where this technique could find valuable usage. This also makes behavior trees hard to learn, communicate, use and implement in software tools. This paper offers a comprehensive metamodel that formally describes the main areas of the behavior trees technique, thus improving its usability and overall value for the object-oriented community.
A methodology for automatic retrieval of similarly shaped machinable components (2002)

A methodology that can intelligently search a CAD database of 2.5D machinable components and retrieve components and sub-pieces with similar shape characteristics has been presented. The proposed methodology has the potential to reduce both the development time and cost of new designs by effectively re-using existing designs more efficiently. This is accomplished by searching a database of parts with their associated plans and extracting parts of those plans that are required for the query part. These plan parts can subsequently be merged to develop the entire plan for the query part. The methodology utilizes qualitative matrices to represent the spatial relationship between the maximal features of the query component. These feature-spatial relationship pairs are matched against those present in existing components within the database. The query can be relaxed based upon TAH structures that allow for generalizing of features and spatial relationships to allow for the best match to be found if no exact match is found.
Flavones and flavonols at dietary levels inhibit a transformation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced by dioxin (2000)

Dioxins invade the body mainly through the diet, and produce toxicity through the transformation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). An inhibitor of the transformation should therefore protect against the toxicity and ideally be part of the diet. We examined flavonoids ubiquitously expressed in plant foods as one of the best candidates, and found that the subclasses flavones and flavonols suppressed antagonistically the transformation of AhR induced by 1 nM of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, without exhibiting agonistic effects that transform AhR. The antagonistic IC(50) values ranged from 0.14 to 10 microM, close to the physiological levels in human.
Thing as a Service Interoperability: Review and Framework Proposal (2016)

Internet of things (IoT) is global network of interconnected entities aimed at automating our lives. However, a number of IoT devices and systems have been created in parallel and there is no universal coding language and communication protocol. For this reason, IoT interoperability is a complex research and practical problem. In this work, we review existing work about IoT interoperability and IoT ontologies. Next, we propose a framework for things as a service interoperability that includes composition of different sensors and actuators at service level, and their integration with existing cloud services. The proposed framework consists of four main layers: virtual sensor, service, semantic, and interoperability layer. We plan to use the proposed framework to achieve service-level interoperability of smart things that will be semantically annotated in order to describe their functional and non-functional properties (with special emphasis on security and privacy).
Multiple-cause coding of death from myocardial infarction: population-based study of trends in death certificate data (2003)

The underlying cause of death was a robust and almost complete measure of certified deaths for myocardial infarction.
C-reactive protein: a new risk assessment tool for cardiovascular disease. (2005)

Recent research has focused on the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a marker of inflammation, in the detection of patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Several prospective studies have demonstrated that hs-CRP is an independent predictor of future risk for cardiovascular events among healthy individuals, as well as among patients with acute coronary syndromes. In addition, because half of all cardiovascular events occur in persons with low to average levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hs-CRP may aid in identifying patients at high risk for a first cardiovascular event who might otherwise be missed by lipid screening alone. Thus, hs-CRP is a potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association have therefore proposed joint guidelines for the use of hs-CRP in determining cardiovascular disease risk. The author reviews numerous studies examining the prognostic value of hs-CRP and outlines ongoing efforts to assess the effect of statin therapy in healthy individuals with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high levels of hs-CRP.
Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) in Pharmaceutical Development (2015)

Lipid-based formulations, such as Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS), are an important tool for lipophilic drugs and offer the potential for enhancing drug absorption and oral bioavailability. SEDDS are a promising approach for the formulation of drug compounds with poor aqueous solubility. These systems are easily manufactured and physically stable mixtures of oil, surfactants, co-surfactants and solubilized drug substances that are administered orally in soft or hard gelatin capsules. In the gastrointestinal tract environment, these systems spontaneously emulsify. This review focuses on SEDDS formulations, describes their different types and presents case studies in which enhanced bioavailability were demonstrated in vivo using this formulation system.
DDoS Open Threat Signaling use cases (2015)

The document details use cases to mitigate DDoS attacks. These use
cases are expected to illustrates involved communications to detect
and mitigate DDoS attacks. It is expected that these communications
will be in the future handled by the DDoS Open Threat Signaling
(DOTS). These scenarios are intended to be useful to derive
requirements for the design of DDoS Open threat Signaling.
The measurement of <i>Bacillus mycoides</i> spore adhesion using atomic force microscopy, simple counting methods, and a spinning disk technique (2002)

An atomic force microscope has been used to study the adhesion of Bacillus mycoides spores to a hydrophilic glass surface and a hydrophobic-coated glass surface. AFM images of spores attached to the hydrophobic-coated mica surface allowed the measurement of spore dimensions in an aqueous environment without desiccation. The spore exosporium was observed to be flexible and to promote the adhesion of the spore by increasing the area of spore contact with the surface. Results from counting procedures using light microscopy matched the density of spores observed on the hydrophobic-coated glass surface with AFM. However, no spores were observed on the hydrophilic glass surface with AFM, a consequence of the weaker adhesion of the spores at this surface. AFM was also used to quantify directly the interactions of B. mycoides spores at the two surfaces in an aqueous environment. The measurements used "spore probes" constructed by immobilizing a single spore at the apex of a tipless AFM cantilever. The data showed that stretching and sequential bond breaking occurred as the spores were retracted from the hydrophilic glass surface. The greatest spore adhesion was measured at the hydrophobic-coated glass surface. An attractive force on the spores was measured as the spores approached the hydrophobic-coated surface. At the hydrophilic glass surface, only repulsive forces were measured during the approach of the spores. The AFM force measurements were in qualitative agreement with the results of a hydrodynamic shear adhesion assay that used a spinning disk technique. Quantitatively, AFM measurements of adhesive force were up to 4 x 10(3) times larger than the estimates made using the spinning disk data. This is a consequence of the different types of forces applied to the spore in the different adhesion assays. AFM has provided some unique insights into the interactions of spores with surfaces. No other instrument can make such direct measurements for single microbiological cells.
Breakthroughs using Solid Expandable Tubulars to Construct Extended Reach Wells (2004)

Abstract Many modern well construction techniques have been developed with an eye toward drilling deeper, longer, and more cost effective Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells. One notable technology that has contributed to this effort is solid expandable tubulars. This technology was developed specifically to allow additional casing strings to be run to cover up problem zones and facilitate drilling the well to the ERD target. Solid expanable tubulars also help to reduce the overall resources required to construct the well. Projections show that using them would significantly reduce the size or volume, as well as the cost of the rig, the drill string, the bits, the cement, and, of course, the casing, resulting in lower overall costs. This result has been born out in practice and will culminate in the single-diameter well described elsewhere.1 The effects on ERD wells will be substantial, but there are important ‘side effects’ that can have a profound cumulative effect. The torque and drag on an ERD well is usually the limiting factor in the actual reach possible. These limits are mitigated by drilling fluid properties and the use of rotary steerable drilling tools among other technologies. Torque and drag are primarily influenced by geometric conditions like dogleg severity (DLS) and casing open hole size vs. drill string size, surface effects (commonly grouped together and named the friction factor), and drill string dynamic conditions (such as axial and rotary motion that overcomes the friction). The use of solid expandables has two distinct effects that can be favorable for the drilling of ERD wells. An important effect is that more favorable drill string casing geometry is possible and can reduce the tendency for helical buckling or drill string lockup. Another important impact is the ability to use larger drilling tubulars. This paper will examine data supporting the positive effect of solid expandable tubulars on drill string torque and drag. Data modeled for an ERD well shows the theoretical drilling limit improvement from these effects in real example wells. Extended reach drilling limitations have been pushed out significantly in recent times. Advances in mud systems, geomechanics, and the advent of rotary steerable systems have significantly improved the ability to reach further to access hydrocarbons. However, limitations, though receding, still exist. To counter them, new approaches are being developed that attack in various ways the traditional boundaries of extended reach drilling applications.
High-power optically pumped GaInSb/InAs quantum well lasers with GaInAsSb integrated absorber layers emitting at 4 /spl mu/m (2000)

Summary form only given. We believe we report the first demonstration of high-power GaInSb-InAs type-II QW lasers incorporating GaInAsSb absorber layers. To ensure good carrier transport from the absorber layers to the active wells, the absorber layers were inserted between each active well region.
Chlorine : principles and industrial practice (2000)

Physical Properties.Chemical Properties.Chlor-Alkali Process.Mercury Cell Process.Diaphragm Process.Membrane Process.Electrodes.Comparison of the Processes.Other Production Processes.Chlorine Purification and Liquefaction.Chlorine Handling.Quality Specifications and Analytical Methods.Uses of Chlorine.Economic Aspects.Toxicology.Chlorine--The Past and the Future.References.Subject Index.
Spatially aware packet routing for mobile ad hoc inter-vehicle radio networks (2004)

Inter-vehicle communication can become an important building block for ITS telematics applications like safety and warning functions. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can serve as a local wireless network for exchanging information between cars for cooperative driver assistance applications. For the routing of data packets in such large-scale MANETs consisting of vehicles on the road, geographic multi-hop packet forwarding is a promising approach. However, a main drawback is that it performs poorly in networks with many topology holes. In this paper, we propose a spatially aware packet routing approach to predict permanent topology holes caused by spatial constraints and avoid them beforehand. This approach is generic and can be used in combination with any existing geographic forwarding protocol as an extension. Our simulations demonstrate that spatial awareness can significantly improve geographic forwarding performance in situations with many permanent topology holes, like in dynamic vehicle networks.
Detection and Mitigation of GPS Spoofing Based on Antenna Array Processing (2015)

In this article authors present an application of spatial processing methods for GPS spoofing detection and mitigation. In the first part of this article, a spoofing detection method, based on phase delay measurements, is proposed. Accuracy and precision of phase delay estimation is assessed for various qualities of received signal. Spoofing detection thresholds are determined. Efficiency of this method is evaluated in terms of probability of false alarm and probability of detection when 4 to 8 GPS signals are received. It is shown that the probability of spoofing detection is greater than 99 percent if carrier-to-noise ratio is at least 46 dBHz. The second part of the article presents a GPS spoofing mitigation method which uses spatial filtering (null-steering) for excision of undesired signals. Performance of this method is analyzed in various conditions. Attenuation of undesired signals is estimated to be at least 60 dB when their signal-tonoise ratio is high. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the spatial filtering influence on the availability of true signals is provided. Eventually, a concept of practical anti-spoofing system implementation is proposed.
Conducting MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets as Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2013)

We report chemically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets with a very high concentration of metallic 1T phase using a solvent free intercalation method. After removing the excess of negative charges from the surface of the nanosheets, highly conducting 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward the evolution of hydrogen with a notably low Tafel slope of 40 mV/dec. By partially oxidizing MoS2, we found that the activity of 2H MoS2 is significantly reduced after oxidation, consistent with edge oxidation. On the other hand, 1T MoS2 remains unaffected after oxidation, suggesting that edges of the nanosheets are not the main active sites. The importance of electrical conductivity of the two phases on the hydrogen evolution reaction activity has been further confirmed by using carbon nanotubes to increase the conductivity of 2H MoS2.
Wasserstein-based fairness interpretability framework for machine learning models (2022)

Abstract The objective of this article is to introduce a fairness interpretability framework for measuring and explaining the bias in classification and regression models at the level of a distribution. In our work, we measure the model bias across sub-population distributions in the model output using the Wasserstein metric. To properly quantify the contributions of predictors, we take into account favorability of both the model and predictors with respect to the non-protected class. The quantification is accomplished by the use of transport theory, which gives rise to the decomposition of the model bias and bias explanations to positive and negative contributions. To gain more insight into the role of favorability and allow for additivity of bias explanations, we adapt techniques from cooperative game theory.
Use of a New Device, the MicroWick™, to Deliver Medication to the Inner Ear (1999)

A new procedure for delivering medication directly to the inner ear has been developed. This delivery system, called the MicroWick, involves the use of a small wick that is inserted through a tympanic membrane vent tube into the round window niche. Once the wick has been inserted, the patient can self-administer eardrops into the ear canal, where they are absorbed by the wick and transported to the round window membrane and to the inner ear fluids. Inserting the wick is a minor procedure that is performed in the office. This paper describes the indications for and use of the MicroWick.
Templated Self-Assembly of a PS-<i>Branch</i>-PDMS Bottlebrush Copolymer (2018)

The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) with novel architectures offers tremendous opportunities in nanoscale patterning and fabrication. Here, the thin film morphology, annealing kinetics, and topographical templating of an unconventional Janus-type "PS- branch-PDMS" bottlebrush copolymer (BBCP) are described. In the Janus-type BBCP, each segment of the bottlebrush backbone connects two immiscible side chain blocks. Thin films of a Janus-type BBCP with M<sub>n</sub> = 609 kg/mol exhibited 22 nm period cylindrical microdomains with long-range order under solvent vapor annealing, and the effects of as-cast film thickness, solvent vapor pressure, and composition of the binary mixture of solvent vapors are described. The dynamic self-assembly process was characterized using in situ grazing-incidence X-ray scattering. Templated self-assembly of the BBCP within lithographically patterned substrates was demonstrated, showing distinct pattern orientation and dimensions that differ from conventional BCPs. Self-consistent field theory is used to elucidate details of the templated self-assembly behavior within confinement.
Conformational Features of a Natural Break in the Type IV Collagen Gly-X-Y Repeat (2006)

Fibrillar collagens have an absolute requirement for Gly as every 3rd residue, whereas breaks in the Gly-X-Y repeating pattern are found normally in the triple helix domains of non-fibrillar collagens, such as type IV collagen in basement membranes. In this study, a model 30-mer peptide is designed to include the interruption GPOGAAVMGPOGPO found in the alpha5 chain of type IV collagen. The GAAVM peptide forms a stable triple helix, with Tm= 29 degrees C. When compared with a control peptide with Gly as every 3rd residue, the GAAVM peptide has a marked decrease in the 225 nm maximum of its CD spectrum and a 10 degrees C drop in stability. A 50% decrease in calorimetric enthalpy is observed, which may result from disruption of ordered water structure anchored by regularly placed backbone carbonyls. NMR studies on specific 15N-labeled residues within the GAAVM peptide indicate a normal triple helical structure for Gly-Pro-Hyp residues flanking the break. The sequence within the break is not disordered but shows altered hydrogen exchange rates and an abnormal Val chemical shift. It was previously reported that a peptide designed to model a similar kind of interruption in the peptide (Pro-Hyp-Gly)10, (GPOGPOPOGPO), is unable to form a stable triple helix, and replacement of GAA by GPO or VM by PO within the GAAVM break decreases the stability. Thus, rigid imino acids are unfavorable within a break, despite their favorable stabilization of the triple helix itself. These results suggest some non-random structure typical of this category of breaks in the Gly-X-Y repeat of the triple helix.
35-nm zigzag T-gate In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As metamorphic GaAsHEMTs with an ultrahigh f(max) of 520 GHz (2007)

Metamorphic GaAs high electron mobility transistors (mHEMTs) with the highest-f(max) reported to date are presented here. The 35-nm zigzag T-gate In0.52Al0.48As/ In0.53Ga0.47As metamorphic GaAs HEMTs show f(max) of 520 GHz, f(T) of 440 GHz, and maximum transconductance (g(m)) of 1100 mS/mrn at a drain current of 333 mA/mm. The combinations of f(max) and f(T) are the highest data yet reported for mHEMTs. These devices are promising candidates for aggressively scaled sub-35-nm T-gate mHEMTs.
Unconjugated secondary bile acids in the serum of patients with colorectal adenomas. (1995)

A positive association between deoxcholic acid (DCA) in the serum and colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer has recently been found, which supported the hypothesis of a pathogenic role of DCA in colonic carcinogenesis. This approach was based on the hypothesis that DCA formed in the colon is absorbed into the portal venous blood and exhibits a constant spillover to the systemic circulation. To further substantiate this hypothesis this study investigated whether in the serum of adenoma patients DCA was higher in the unconjugated fraction, which originates directly from the colon. DCA was found to be 2.8-fold higher in the unconjugated fraction of patients with colorectal adenomas than in controls (0.89 v 0.32 mumol/l, p < 0.0025), 1.9-fold in the total DCA fraction (1.89 v 0.95 mumol/l, p < 0.0001), and 1.4-fold in the conjugated fraction (0.67 v 0.47 mumol/l, p < 0.05). It was further found that the bacterial isomerisation product 3 beta-DCA was twofold higher in the unconjugated fraction of adenoma patients than in controls (0.08 v 0.04 mumol/l, p = 0.27), 1.8-fold in the total iso-DCA fraction (0.11 v 0.06 mumol/l, p < 0.05), and 1.5-fold in the conjugated iso-DCA fraction (0.03 v 0.02 mumol/l, p = 0.68). The data suggest that the positive association between the serum DCA concentration and colorectal adenoma as described previously results from the DCA fraction that is absorbed from the colon. This further supports a pathogenic role of DCA in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Two-stage adaptive noise reduction system for broadcasting multicopters (2016)

A multicopter now has become a popular tool to broaden its purpose in various industries. However, the related studies of sound capturing in the multicopter had not research much. To extend the previous paper in ICCE 2015, this paper proposes two methods using adaptive signal processing and pitch shifting to reduce propellers' sound and perform experiments to prove its possibilities. Therefore, it fulfills the main purpose of capturing a high quality sound on multicopters.
PatchDroid (2013)

Android is currently the largest mobile platform with around 750 million devices worldwide. Unfortunately, more than 30% of all devices contain publicly known security vulnerabilities and, in practice, cannot be updated through normal mechanisms since they are not longer supported by the manufacturer and mobile operator. This failure of traditional patch distribution systems has resulted in the creation of a large population of vulnerable mobile devices.