gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid signal-feature system for music discovery (or finding needles in haystacks) (2003)

The radio plays a song that you like but that you do not recognize. How do you find the title and the artist? Previous approaches to finding a song in a database are based on pattern recognition. In some of the previous work features are extracted from a hummed song and decision rules are used to retrieve probable candidates from the database. Feature matching has not resulted in reliable searches from microphone samples. In this work, to find the song, we process a short, microphone recorded sample from it. Both a feature vector and a signal are precomputed for each song in a database and also extracted from the recording. The database songs are first sorted by feature distance to the recording. Then, normalized cross-correlation, even though nonlinear, is applied using overlap-save FFT convolution. A decision rule presents likely matches to the user for confirmation but controls the number of false alarms shown. This system, tested using hundreds of recordings, is reliable because signals are matched. The addition of the feature-ordered search and the decision rule result in database searches five times faster than signal matching alone.
Characterization of Stability and Nasal Delivery Systems for Immunization with Nanoemulsion-Based Vaccines (2009)

The results of this study suggest that nanoemulsion-based vaccines do not require specially engineered delivery devices and support their potential use as nasopharyngeal vaccine adjuvants.
Audio-based automatic management of TV commercials (2009)

Although TV commercial identification and clustering are suitable applications for automatic multimedia indexing technology, they remain as problems still unsolved. Most current systems either require a big computational load and therefore can not be executed online, or just perform a detection, without clustering nor identification. In this paper two advertisement indexing approaches are presented: an off-line detection and clustering system and an online identification system, both based only on audio features for computational reasons. For the off-line clustering two metrics are evaluated, and an initial commercial boundary detection algorithm, based on identifying drop energy points which are also acoustic change boundaries, is presented. For the on-line system we analyze the response-time/identification scores constraints. Experiments performed on real data validate both off-line and on-line implementations as well as that audio only features are enough discriminant to detect and classify TV commercials.
Optimization of a mainstream nitritation-denitritation process and anammox polishing (2015)

This paper deals with an almost 1-year long pilot study of a nitritation-denitritation process that was followed by anammox polishing. The pilot plant treated real municipal wastewater at ambient temperatures. The effluent of high-rate activated sludge process (hydraulic retention time, HRT=30 min, solids retention time=0.25 d) was fed to the pilot plant described in this paper, where a constant temperature of 23 °C was maintained. The nitritation-denitritation process was operated to promote nitrite oxidizing bacteria out-selection in an intermittently aerated reactor. The intermittent aeration pattern was controlled using a strategy based on effluent ammonia and nitrate+nitrite concentrations. The unique feature of this aeration control was that fixed dissolved oxygen set-point was used and the length of aerobic and anoxic durations were changed based on the effluent ammonia and nitrate+nitrite concentrations. The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bacteria were adapted in mainstream conditions by allowing the growth on the moving bed bioreactor plastic media in a fully anoxic reactor. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal performance of the entire system was 75±15% during the study at a modest influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NH4+-N ratio of 8.9±1.8 within the HRT range of 3.1-9.4 h. Anammox polishing contributed 11% of overall TIN removal. Therefore, this pilot-scale study demonstrates that application of the proposed nitritation-denitritation system followed by anammox polishing is capable of relatively high nitrogen removal without supplemental carbon and alkalinity at a low HRT.
ChemInform Abstract: Ex Uno Plures (“Out of One, Many”): New Paradigms for Expanding the Range of Polyolefins Through Reversible Group Transfers. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An interferometric technique based on Fourier fringe analysis for measuring the thermo-optic coefficients of transparent materials (1999)

We describe an interferometric technique based on temperature-dependent optical path length changes in a thin slab of transparent materials, suitable for measuring the thermal coefficient of refractive index. This technique allows an accurate determination of the fringe shift corresponding to a change in the sample temperature, by means of a two fringe pattern Fourier-transform-based processing algorithm for phase retrieval. The principle of measurement of the method and its applications to the measurements of the thermo-optic coefficients of some commercial glasses are presented and discussed.
Transparent flexible organic light‐emitting devices (1997)

Ultra‐lightweight, portable, roll‐up, full‐color flat panel displays move into the realm of the possible with the demonstration of transparent, flexible organic light‐emitting devices (T‐FOLEDs). The emission properties of the T‐FOLEDs and the effect of flexing are reported. The Figure shows a T‐FOLED after repeated bending—cracks appear when a 7 mm radius of curvature is reached. magnified image
Kinetic and Scale-Up Investigations of Epoxide Aminolysis in Microreactors at High Temperatures and Pressures (2010)

A continuous-flow microreactor is applied for a kinetic study of a model β-amino alcohol formation by epoxide aminolysis. A large number of experiments are performed in a short time with minimal reagent consumption. The kinetics of formation of secondary aminolysis between starting epoxide and product are decoupled from the primary synthesis, constructing a complete model for desired product formation. The activation energy for the formation of desired product is observed to be higher than those for regioisomer formation and for secondary aminolysis, indicating that increasing temperature improves selectivity in addition to accelerating the reaction. A set of optimized conditions is then selected for best reaction performance, and the process is scaled up to a 100-fold larger reactor volume with model predictions in good agreement with measured process performance.
Sapphire: A Configurable Crypto-Processor for Post-Quantum Lattice-based Protocols (2019)

Public key cryptography protocols, such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography, will be rendered insecure by Shor's algorithm when large-scale quantum computers are built. Cryptographers are working on quantum-resistant algorithms, and lattice-based cryptography has emerged as a prime candidate. However, high computational complexity of these algorithms makes it challenging to implement lattice-based protocols on low-power embedded devices. To address this challenge, we present Sapphire - a lattice cryptography processor with configurable parameters. Efficient sampling, with a SHA-3-based PRNG, provides two orders of magnitude energy savings; a single-port RAM-based number theoretic transform memory architecture is proposed, which provides 124k-gate area savings; while a low-power modular arithmetic unit accelerates polynomial computations. Our test chip was fabricated in TSMC 40nm low-power CMOS process, with the Sapphire cryptographic core occupying 0.28 mm2 area consisting of 106k logic gates and 40.25 KB SRAM. Sapphire can be programmed with custom instructions for polynomial arithmetic and sampling, and it is coupled with a low-power RISC-V micro-processor to demonstrate NIST Round 2 lattice-based CCA-secure key encapsulation and signature protocols Frodo, NewHope, qTESLA, CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium, achieving up to an order of magnitude improvement in performance and energy-efficiency compared to state-of-the-art hardware implementations. All key building blocks of Sapphire are constant-time and secure against timing and simple power analysis side-channel attacks. We also discuss how masking-based DPA countermeasures can be implemented on the Sapphire core without any changes to the hardware.
High-Spatial-Multiplicity Multicore Fibers for Future Dense Space-Division-Multiplexing Systems (2015)

Multicore fibers and few-mode fibers have potential application in realizing dense-space-division multiplexing systems. However, there are some tradeoff requirements for designing the fibers. In this paper, the tradeoff requirements such as spatial channel count, crosstalk, differential mode delay, and cladding diameter are discussed. Further, the design concept and transmission characteristics of high-core-count single-mode multicore fibers are discussed. A heterogeneous multicore fiber with 30 cores and quasi-single-mode multi-core fibers with 31 cores are developed.
Light-weight protocols for wire-speed ordering (2018)

We describe light-weight protocols for selective packet ordering in out-of-order networks that carry memory traffic. The protocols are designed for heterogeneous high-performance systems, in particular, accelerated systems with end-points that have few resources available for interfacing the network. The protocols preserve the semantics of a relaxed memory ordering model as adopted by highly-threaded many-core processors and accelerators. The protocols achieve link-rate performance through the following techniques: (1) Speculative connection setup avoids round-trip delays found in protocols with little knowledge about endpoint resources, (2) target-side ordering avoids round-trip delays found in source-side ordering mechanisms, (3) fine-grained ordering removes dependencies unwarranted by program code avoiding cumulative ordering dependencies caused by coarse-grained ordering, (4) ordering relaxations and optimizations for producer/consumer communication patterns. We describe two ordering protocols that provide (1) strict sequential ordering and (2) relaxed ordering for multi-packet transfers. The protocols impose no restrictions on routing, including multipath routing.
Analytical integration-based causality checking of tabulated S-parameters (2010)

Causality of tabulated data is detected by checking for Hilbert-consistency between data's real and imaginary parts. This consistency can be robustly checked if the generalized Hilbert transform is used. Existing algorithms evaluate an integral in this transform numerically. In this paper, a new algorithm for checking causality that involves only analytical integration is presented.
<i>early in short days 4</i>, a mutation in<i>Arabidopsis</i>that causes early flowering and reduces the mRNA abundance of the floral repressor<i>FLC</i> (2002)

The plant shoot is derived from the apical meristem, a group of stem cells formed during embryogenesis. Lateral organs form on the shoot of an adult plant from primordia that arise on the flanks of the shoot apical meristem. Environmental stimuli such as light, temperature and nutrient availability often influence the shape and identity of the organs that develop from these primordia. In particular, the transition from forming vegetative lateral organs to producing flowers often occurs in response to environmental cues. This transition requires increased expression in primordia of genes that confer floral identity, such as the Arabidopsis gene LEAFY. We describe a novel mutant, early in short days 4 (esd4), that dramatically accelerates the transition from vegetative growth to flowering in Arabidopsis: The effect of the mutation is strongest under short photoperiods, which delay flowering of Arabidopsis: The mutant has additional phenotypes, including premature termination of the shoot and an alteration of phyllotaxy along the stem, suggesting that ESD4 has a broader role in plant development. Genetic analysis indicates that ESD4 is most closely associated with the autonomous floral promotion pathway, one of the well-characterized pathways proposed to promote flowering of Arabidopsis: Furthermore, mRNA levels of a floral repressor (FLC), which acts within this pathway, are reduced by esd4, and the expression of flowering-time genes repressed by FLC is increased in the presence of the esd4 mutation. Although the reduction in FLC mRNA abundance is likely to contribute to the esd4 phenotype, our data suggest that esd4 also promotes flowering independently of FLC. The role of ESD4 in the regulation of flowering is discussed with reference to current models on the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis.
A Monolithic Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer: Initial Tests (2020)

A monolithic spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (mSHRS) is described, where the optical components of the spectrometer are bonded to make a small, stable, one-piece structure. This builds on previous work, where we described bench top spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometers (SHRS), developed for planetary spacecraft and rovers. The SHRS is based on a fixed grating spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) that offers high spectral resolution and high light throughput in a small footprint. The resolution of the SHS is not dependent on a slit, and high resolution can be realized without using long focal length dispersing optics since it is not a dispersive device. Thus, the SHS can be used as a component in a compact Raman spectrometer with high spectral resolution and a large spectral range using a standard 1024 element charge-coupled device. Since the resolution of the SHRS is not dependent on a long optical path, it is amenable to the use of monolithic construction techniques to make a compact and robust device. In this paper, we describe the use of two different monolithic SHSs (mSHSs), with Littrow wavelengths of 531.6 nm and 541.05 nm, each about 3.5 × 3.5 × 2.5 cm in size and weighing about 80 g, in a Raman spectrometer that provides ∼3500 cm<sup>-1</sup> spectral range with 4-5 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 8-9 cm<sup>-1</sup> resolution, for 600 grooves/mm and 150 grooves/mm grating-based mSHS devices, respectively. In this proof of concept paper, the stability, spectral resolution, spectral range, and signal-to-noise ratio of the mSHRS spectrometers are compared to our bench top SHRS that uses free-standing optics, and signal to noise comparisons are also made to a Kaiser Holospec <i>f/</i>1.8 Raman spectrometer.
Identification of tumor tissue origin by a microRNA-based molecular assay (2009)

11036 Background: Hundreds of thousands of patients are diagnosed each year with metastatic cancer. For ∼10% of these, the tumor primary site is never identified, and they are defined as Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP). Identification of tumor tissue-of- origin has significant therapeutic implications and presents a major diagnostic challenge. In previous work we showed that by combining expression profiles of tissue-specific microRNAs with a biologically-motivated classification scheme, tumor tissue-of-origin can be identified with high accuracy. Here we describe the development of this approach into a practical diagnostic assay. Methods: We developed protocols for extraction of high-quality RNA that retain the microRNA fraction from FFPE archival tissue samples. Proprietary, highly specific qRT-PCR was used to profile microRNA expression levels in hundreds of samples. Results: A training set of nearly 400 primary and metastatic tumors samples with known primary sites, representing 25 different tumor types, was used to define a standardized diagnostics assay (miRview mets). The assay uses a qRT-PCR protocol to measure a panel of 48 microRNA biomarkers. The assay was validated on a test set of nearly 200 primary and metastatic tumors whose primary sites were blinded. The classification protocol identifies either a single, high-confidence origin or two possible low-confidence predictions. Overall, correct primary site was identified for 83% of the tumors. For 70% of the cases a single high-confidence prediction was made; these cases had a higher accuracy: 90% of the primary sites predicted with high confidence were accurately identified. Conclusions: Previous studies highlighted the tissue-specificity of microRNA expression. We developed this potential into a diagnostic assay that identifies tumor origins with high accuracy. This assay provides an important new tool for diagnosing tumor tissue origin. [Table: see text]
Analysis and Optimization of Pulse Dynamics for Magnetic Stimulation (2013)

Magnetic stimulation is a standard tool in brain research and has found important clinical applications in neurology, psychiatry, and rehabilitation. Whereas coil designs and the spatial field properties have been intensively studied in the literature, the temporal dynamics of the field has received less attention. Typically, the magnetic field waveform is determined by available device circuit topologies rather than by consideration of what is optimal for neural stimulation. This paper analyzes and optimizes the waveform dynamics using a nonlinear model of a mammalian axon. The optimization objective was to minimize the pulse energy loss. The energy loss drives power consumption and heating, which are the dominating limitations of magnetic stimulation. The optimization approach is based on a hybrid global-local method. Different coordinate systems for describing the continuous waveforms in a limited parameter space are defined for numerical stability. The optimization results suggest that there are waveforms with substantially higher efficiency than that of traditional pulse shapes. One class of optimal pulses is analyzed further. Although the coil voltage profile of these waveforms is almost rectangular, the corresponding current shape presents distinctive characteristics, such as a slow low-amplitude first phase which precedes the main pulse and reduces the losses. Representatives of this class of waveforms corresponding to different maximum voltages are linked by a nonlinear transformation. The main phase, however, scales with time only. As with conventional magnetic stimulation pulses, briefer pulses result in lower energy loss but require higher coil voltage than longer pulses.
BER-based adaptive ADC-equalizer based receiver for communication links (2010)

This paper presents the architecture of a non-uniform reference level bit error-rate (BER)-optimal analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and equalizer, for high-speed communication links. Finite precision analysis demonstrates that the use of the BER-optimal ADC does not increase the equalizer complexity/power significantly. An adaptive algorithm referred to as the approximate minimum BER algorithm (AMBER) is proposed in order to determine the BER-optimal reference levels. Finite-precision analysis of AMBER indicates that reference levels represented with 9-bit precision is sufficient for a 3-bit BER-optimal ADC to achieve BER equal to that of a 4-bit conventional ADC. An architectural implementation of AMBER is also presented. The reference-level adaptation unit (RL-UD) has a full-adder (FA) complexity that is 76% over the conventional adaptive equalizer. The RL-UD block is clock-gated after convergence and hence does not present a power overhead. Thus, for high-speed links employing the flash ADC architecture, the proposed AMBER receiver represents a power savings of approximately 50% in the ADC.
Shiga toxin–binding site for host cell receptor GPP130 reveals unexpected divergence in toxin-trafficking mechanisms (2013)

Shiga toxicosis is caused by retrograde trafficking of one of three types of Shiga toxin (STx), STx, STx1, or STx2. Trafficking depends on the toxin B subunits, which for STx and STx1 are identical and bind GPP130, a manganese (Mn)-sensitive intracellular trafficking receptor. Elevated Mn down-regulates GPP130, rendering STx/STx1 harmless. Its effectiveness against STx2, however, which is a serious concern in the developed world, is not known. Here we show that Mn-induced GPP130 down-regulation fails to block STx2 trafficking. To shed light on this result, we tested the purified B subunit of STx2 for binding to GPP130 and found that it failed to interact. We then mapped residues at the interface of the GPP130-STx/STx1 complex. In GPP130, binding mapped to a seven-residue stretch in its lumenal stem domain next to the transmembrane domain. This stretch was required for STx/STx1 transport. In STx/STx1, binding mapped to a histidine-asparagine pair on a surface-exposed loop of the toxin B subunit. Significantly, these residues are not conserved in STx2, explaining the lack of effectiveness of Mn against STx2. Together our results imply that STx2 uses an evolutionarily distinct trafficking mechanism and that Mn as a potential therapy should be focused on STx/STx1 outbreaks, which account for the vast majority of cases worldwide.
Evaluating the Impact of and Solutions to Light-induced Degradation in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells (2019)

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have recently seen a boost in popularity sparked from their high efficiency capabilities. In order to reduce cost, some studies have demonstrated the potential of p-type wafers as an alternative base material. However, very few studies have investigated the existence and influence of light-induced degradation (LID) on SHJ solar cells, a problem which has been a significant hurdle for conventional p-type devices. In this work, we first identify the presence of and severity of LID in SHJ devices. A modified UNSW advanced hydrogenation process suitable for low-temperature SHJ fabrication is used to passivate any defects responsible for LID. We demonstrate efficiency enhancements of up to 2.2% <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">abs</sub> resulting in stable p-type Cz SHJ solar cell efficiencies of 20.6%.
Probiotics and prebiotics (2011)

The human large intestine is an intensively colonised area containing bacteria that are health promoting, as well as pathogenic - This has led to functional food developments that fortify the former at the expense of the latter - Probiotics have a long history of use in humans as live microbial feed additions - In contrast, a prebiotic is a non digestible food ingredient that beneficially affects the host by targeting indigenous components thought to be positive - Dietary carbohydrates, such as fibres are candidate prebiotics but most promise has been realised with oligosaccharides - As prebiotics exploit non-viable food ingredients, their applicability in diets is wide ranging - As gastrointestinal disorders are prevalent in terms of human health, both probiotics and prebiotics serve an important role in the prophylactic management of various acute and chronic gut derived conditions - Examples include protection from gastroenteritis and some inflammatory conditions.
Precision Broadband RF Signal Recovery in Subsampled Analog Optical Links (2014)

We present a novel technique for ultrawideband RF disambiguation where we are able to determine the precise Nyquist band from which an optically sampled, and therefore downconverted signal originated. This is accomplished by applying a discrete perturbation to the sampling rate, and measuring the magnitude and direction of the shift in signal location within the fundamental Nyquist band. Once the Nyquist band has been determined, the exact signal frequency can also be recovered. We demonstrate extremely accurate multioctave signal recovery over 1 MHz-40 GHz.