gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
QoS priority based scheduling algorithm and proposed framework for task scheduling in a grid environment (2011)

Grid computing comprises of distributed computer systems which are geographically dispersed to share the combination of resources in a heterogeneous environment. Grid computing is one of the latest technologies to solve very complex problems in scientific applications, using the resource sharing concept in the dynamic virtual organizations. The main problem occurs in most of the organization is that the resources are become idle and underutilized. In some organizations, even the server machines can often be relatively idle. Grid computing provides an approach for exploiting these underutilized resources and thus has the possibility of substantially increasing the efficiency of resource usage. Effective and Efficient Task scheduling is an important aspect of Grid computing. The objective of this paper is that a grid scheduler first allocates the important(high priority) jobs to the resources and then it allocates the low prioritize job so as to achieve the maximum resource utilization rate, minimize the makespan and avoid the load balancing level problem. In this paper, we propose a new framework and QoS(Quality of Service) Priority Based Scheduling Algorithm for effective task scheduling to the resources in the grid environment. The algorithm is simulated using Java. The results show that our proposed QoS priority based scheduling algorithm gives better results in makespan and resource utilization rate than other algorithms such as QoS guided weighted mean time min (QWMTM), Min-Min and Max-Min heuristic algorithms.
<i>N-</i>Morpholinomethyl-5-lithiotetrazole: A Reagent for the One-Pot Synthesis of 5-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles (2019)

An efficient, one-pot method for the preparation of 5-(1-hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles is reported. <i>N-</i>Morpholinomethyl-5-lithiotetrazole, generated by the deprotonation of 4-(<i>N</i>-tetrazolylmethyl)morpholine with LiHMDS, undergoes addition to ketones and aldehydes (both aromatic and aliphatic) to form 5-(1-hydroxyalkyl)tetrazoles in a high yield, after acidic workup. The reported protocol displays a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, avoids the use of cyanide- or azide-based reagents, and provides access to sterically congested and unsaturated tetrazoles, which are difficult to access by other means.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in Parents and Children. (2006)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent form of leukemia in which familial aggregation has been observed. The affected relative is usually a sibling and less frequently a child. In the present study we evaluated whether CLL affecting parents and their children was associated with different clinical features, survival, immunoglobulin (Ig) VH genes repertoire and mutation status. The family history of 2% of the CLL patients diagnosed at our institution was characterized by the presence of a parent or a child affected by CLL. Other lymphoproliferative diseases, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin disease and acute lymphoid leukemia, affecting parents or children were also recorded in 3% of cases. Among the 17 identified parent/child CLL pairs there was a higher, though not significant, rate of gender concordant pairs than expected. Children were significantly younger at diagnosis than their parents. No significant differences in stage distribution, clinical course, survival and proportion of unmutated cases emerged between the two generations. In no case the parent and the respective child shared an identical IgVH repertoire. However, a significantly higher than expected usage of VH3-23 (p&lt;0.005), VH3-21 (p&lt;0.005), VH5-51 (p=0.001), VH1-18 (p= .90E-04), VH3-30.3 (p&lt;0.005) genes was recorded. Of interest, a VH5-51 gene usage has been also described by other authors in multiaffected families. By flow cytometry and PCR analysis, no clonal lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of 38 young healthy (median age: 37 years) relatives included in the third generation of these multiply affected families. This could be explained not only by the relatively small sample of subjects analyzed but also by their relatively younger age compared to that of the healthy individuals analyzed in other series. In conclusion, the coexistence of CLL in parents and offspring is a relatively uncommon event. The differences in the IgVH gene repertoire could reflect a different ontogeny of these cases. Affected children show a significantly earlier, but not a more aggressive clinical course. These data can be used to offer counselling to CLL patients.
The Enigmatic Nature of J. S. Mill’s Classical Liberalism and Utilitarianism (2021)

John Stuart Mill, a British political philosopher of the 19th century, got extremely rigorous upbringing with his education greatly influenced by Jeremy Bentham, the English utilitarian. His father wanted to build a brilliant intellect that would support the cause of utilitarianism. Mill established the character of English liberalism and in so doing established himself as England’s greatest classical liberal. Mill is honored as the father of liberalism, and his writings are consulted as indispensable for the understanding of moral and political issues surrounding the defense of individual liberty. He justifies individual freedom against the unlimited state control and is the supporter of utilitarianism, but his concept of it is very different from Bentham's utilitarianism. Mill is mainly concerned with the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual and supports each individual’s right to act as he wants, so long as the action does not harm others. This paper attempts to describe and evaluated the concept of liberty as enunciated by J. S. Mill. It also looks in to his views on utilitarianism and how he has modified the Benthamite utilitarianism into his own model. The paper also shows Mill’s enigmatic nature of supporting sometimes one type of liberty (negative liberty) while sometimes other type (positive liberty), and similarly proposes one kind of liberty for one class and another kind for another class. The paper is mainly a qualitative study of Mill’s philosophy with descriptive framework and is based on secondary data.
Ligand design for site-selective installation of Pd and Pt centers to generate homo- and heteropolymetallic motifs (2010)

The modular synthesis of a series of nitrogen-rich polydentate ligands that feature a common pincer-type framework is reported. These ligands allow for site-selective installation of palladium and platinum to give rise to bi- and trimetallic complexes that have d(8)-d(8) interactions.
PET Imaging of Tenascin-C with a Radiolabeled Single-Stranded DNA Aptamer (2015)

Our data suggest that suitably labeled tenascin-C aptamer can be used as a PET tracer to image tumor expression of tenascin-C with a high tumor-to-background ratio and might provide insightful and personalized medical data that will help determine appropriate treatment and monitoring.
Distance Mapping in Proteins Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy: The Tryptophan-Induced Quenching (TrIQ) Method (2010)

Studying the interplay between protein structure and function remains a daunting task. Especially lacking are methods for measuring structural changes in real time. Here we report our most recent improvements to a method that can be used to address such challenges. This method, which we now call tryptophan-induced quenching (TrIQ), provides a straightforward, sensitive, and inexpensive way to address questions of conformational dynamics and short-range protein interactions. Importantly, TrIQ only occurs over relatively short distances (∼5-15 Å), making it complementary to traditional fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods that occur over distances too large for precise studies of protein structure. As implied in the name, TrIQ measures the efficient quenching induced in some fluorophores by tryptophan (Trp). We present here our analysis of the TrIQ effect for five different fluorophores that span a range of sizes and spectral properties. Each probe was attached to four different cysteine residues on T4 lysozyme, and the extent of TrIQ caused by a nearby Trp was measured. Our results show that, at least for smaller probes, the extent of TrIQ is distance dependent. Moreover, we also demonstrate how TrIQ data can be analyzed to determine the fraction of fluorophores involved in a static, nonfluorescent complex with Trp. Based on this analysis, our study shows that each fluorophore has a different TrIQ profile, or "sphere of quenching", which correlates with its size, rotational flexibility, and the length of attachment linker. This TrIQ-based "sphere of quenching" is unique to every Trp-probe pair and reflects the distance within which one can expect to see the TrIQ effect. Thus,TrIQ provides a straightforward, readily accessible approach for mapping distances within proteins and monitoring conformational changes using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Material efficiency: rare and critical metals (2013)

In the last few decades, progress in electronics, especially, has resulted in important new uses for a number of geologically rare metals, some of which were mere curiosities in the past. Most of them are not mined for their own sake (gold, the platinum group metals and the rare Earth elements are exceptions) but are found mainly in the ores of the major industrial metals, such as aluminium, copper, zinc and nickel. We call these major metals 'attractors' and the rare accompanying metals 'hitch-hikers'. The key implication is that rising prices do not necessarily call forth greater output because that would normally require greater output of the attractor metal. We trace the geological relationships and the functional uses of these metals. Some of these metals appear to be irreplaceable in the sense that there are no known substitutes for them in their current functional uses. Recycling is going to be increasingly important, notwithstanding a number of barriers.
Effects of interlocking on interlayer adhesion and strength of structures in 3D printing of concrete (2017)

3D printing of concrete uses computer controlled layering of cementitious material to fabricate structures. The paper presented here investigates the effect of interlocking on bond strength between layers of Contour Crafted structure using experimental approaches. A concrete mixture which is compatible with the existing extrusion system is used and different interlock configurations are tested. The results show that bonding strengths is sensitive to interlocking and it can be increased by an average of 26% as shown by splitting test.
A Flexible Integrated System Containing a Microsupercapacitor, a Photodetector, and a Wireless Charging Coil (2016)

Nowadays, the integrated systems on a plane substrate containing energy harvesting, energy storing, and working units are strongly desired with the fast development of wearable and portable devices. Here, a simple, low cost, and scalable strategy involving ink printing and electrochemical deposition is proposed to fabricate a flexible integrated system on a plane substrate containing an all-solid-state asymmetric microsupercapacitor (MSC), a photoconduct-type photodetector of perovskite nanowires (NWs), and a wireless charging coil. In the asymmetric MSCs, MnO<sub>2</sub>-PPy and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-PANI composites are used as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Typical values of energy density in the range of 15-20 mWh cm<sup>-3</sup> at power densities of 0.3-2.5 W cm<sup>-3</sup> with an operation potential window of 1.6 V are achieved. In the system, the wireless charging coil receives energy from a wireless power transmitter, which then can be stored in the MSC to drive the photoconductive detector of perovskite NWs in sequence. The designed integrated system exhibits a stable photocurrent response comparable with the detector driven by an external power source. This research provides an important routine to fabricate integrated systems.
Data visualization for supporting query-based data mining (2003)

The paper proposes a methodology for supporting the process of query based data mining by using visualization techniques. The query based data mining is one of the most important tasks of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). In the process of query based data mining, users hypothesize about patterns in a database and make a query to confirm the hypothesis. The proposed method supports two aspects of the process, i.e., proposing an initial hypothesis as a query and modifying the hypothesis based on the query result. In this method, an instance in a database which has several attributes with numerical or nominal values is visualized as a color bar with several color parts which correspond to attribute values. Values of a function which evaluates the utility of a hypothesis are also visualized by using colors. This visualization technique helps users find an initial hypothesis and modify the hypothesis in order to increase the usefulness of it interactively. Experimental results show that the proposed method really helps a user find interesting rules in real world databases.
Ventilator self-cycling may falsely suggest patient effort during brain death determination (2005)

Brain death is suspected when a patient with a destructive neurologic brain injury on a ventilator fails to generate respirations and other brainstem reflexes are absent. An apnea test is mandated in brain-death evaluation. Apnea is concluded when no breathing effort is observed at PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg or with a 20 mm Hg increase from normal baseline.1 There are no reported cases of adult patients who were declared brain dead and later initiated respirations. Two cases from the U.K. (brain death and cardiac death) have been described where the ventilator readings were erroneous but remotely suggested patient effort.2,3 We have recently come across several instances during brain-death determination when it appeared that patients falsely triggered the ventilator. We would like to call attention to this phenomenon of ventilator self-cycling.

From January 2002 to February 2005, we performed apnea tests in 83 patients in our neurologic-neurosurgical intensive care unit for brain-death determination. All patients fulfilled …
Intravenous Diclofenac Coupled with PCA Fentanyl for Pain Relief after Total Hip Replacement (1992)

Postoperative pain relief immediately after major surgery cannot be achieved with opioids alone in all patients without respiratory depression or other significant side effects. This investigation was conducted to determine whether the need for opioids and the incidence of side effects can be reduced while maintaining the quality of pain relief using a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug as an adjuvant to an opioid. The analgesic efficacy and safety of patient-controlled analgesia using fentanyl with and without intravenous diclofenac were compared after total hip replacement. Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive either diclofenac 75 mg as an initial intravenous loading dose followed by an infusion of 5 mg per hour or saline in a double-blind fashion. The amount of fentanyl administered was recorded. The patients assessed their pain intensity verbally and on a visual analogue scale at intervals of 4 h. The diclofenac group showed a significant reduction in the amount of fentanyl administered during the first 16 h postoperatively as compared to the placebo group (0.65 mg +/- 0.2 vs. 1.08 mg +/- 0.4 respectively, P less than 0.01), and also reported less pain at 16 h (median score on visual analogue scale 0.75 vs. 2.4 respectively, P less than 0.05)). There were no differences in side effects, postoperative blood loss, plasma activated partial thromboplastin time, or Ivy bleeding time between the groups. In conclusion, the addition of diclofenac led to a reduction in fentanyl requirement but did not have any other significant advantages in the treatment of pain following major orthopedic surgery.
Crystallization and Melting Behaviors of Cyclic and Linear Polypeptoids with Alkyl Side Chains (2013)

A series of cyclic and linear poly(N-alkyl glycine)s (a.k.a. polypeptoids) with various linear and branched alkyl side chains (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14) were synthesized by N-heterocyclic carbene or benzylamine-initiated polymerizations of the corresponding N-alkyl N-carboxyanhydride (R-NCAs), respectively. DSC and WAXD studies revealed that cyclic and linear polypeptoids with long linear n-alkyl side chains (n = 4–14) are semicrystalline with two melting transitions attributed to the side chain and main chain crystallization. These crystallizations are strongly coupled: increasing side chain length promotes the side chain crystallization and weakens the main chain crystallization, as evidenced by the increased side chain melting temperature (enthalpy) and the decreased main chain melting temperature (enthalpy) with increasing side chain length. Cyclic and linear polypeptoids bearing alkyl side chains as short as 4 carbons exhibit side chain crystallization at low temperatures (−110 and −117 °C). However, if the side chain crystallization is completely suppressed as in the case of polypeptoids bearing short ethyl groups or asymmetrically branched rac-2-ethyl-1-hexyl groups, the main chain crystallization is also significantly inhibited, further supporting the coupling of the two crystallization events. It was also found that the cyclic polypeptoids exhibit higher main chain melting temperatures relative to the linear counterparts, whereas the side chain melting temperatures are not significantly affected by the polymer architecture. Furthermore, thermal history was shown to affect the polypeptoid crystallization. Annealing above the isotropic temperature followed by cooling significantly enhanced the polymer crystallization, whereas annealing between the two melting temperatures is not effective in promoting crystallization due to the coupling of the side chain and main chain crystallization.
Band alignment of InGaZnO4/Si interface by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2012)

Although amorphous InGaZnO4 has intensively been studied for a semiconductor channel material of thin-film transistors in next-generation flat-panel displays, its electronic structure parameters have not been reported. In this work, the electron affinities (χ) and the ionization potentials (Ip) of crystalline and amorphous InGaZnO4 (c-IGZO and a-IGZO) were measured using bulk-sensitive hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. First, the χ and Ip values of c-IGZO and a-IGZO thin films were estimated by aligning the Zn 2p3/2 core level energies to a literature value for ZnO, which provided χ = 3.90 eV and Ip = 7.58 eV for c-IGZO and 4.31 eV and 7.41 eV for a-IGZO. It was also confirmed that the escape depth of the photoelectrons excited by the photon energy of 5950.2 eV is 3.3 nm for a-IGZO and large enough for directly measuring the interface electronic structure using a-IGZO/c-Si heterojunctions. It provided the valence band offset of ∼2.3 eV, which agrees well with the above data. The present results substantiate that the a-IGZO/c-Si interface follows well the Schottky-Mott rule.
High Temperature Coatings For Industrial Gas Turbine Users. (1999)

High temperature coatings are used for protecting the high temperature turbine components from environmental attack due to oxidation and hot corrosion.These coatings have developed from sim ple aluminide coatings to complex overlay and duplex coatings.Over the past 15 years thermal barr ier coatings, which lower the temperature of the metal, have become increasingly used in industrial gas turbines.This tutorial reviews all these coatings, how they provide protection, how they are applied, and their degradation.Included is a discussion of high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion.Also discussed is recoating and expected future developments of these coatings.
Quantitative anisocytosis as a discriminant between iron deficiency and thalassemia minor (1979)

The coefficient of variation (CV) of red cell size, as measured by electronic red cell sizing (erythrography), was less than 14.0% in 20 normal subjects. In 22 of 25 patients with beta-thalassemia minor and microcytosis (mean corpuscular volume [MCV] less than 70 fl), CV was less than 14.0%; in the other 3, CV was 14.0%--14.9%. In 53 patients with iron deficiency anemia and MCV less than 70 fl, CV always was greater than 14.0%. In 7 patients with alpha-thalassemia minor and MCV less than 70 fl, CV was less than 14.0% in all 7. Among patients with microcytosis, erythrography appears to be an excellent technique for rapidly distinguishing between iron deficiency and alpha or beta thalassemia minor.
Physicochemical Properties of Anionic Surfactants with Poly (oxyalkylene) Group in Water (1981)

Some physicochemical properties of sodium alkylpoly (oxyalkylene) sulfates, especially of the surfactants with poly (oxypropylene) group, in aqueous solutions have been studied, and the following results are obtained ; 1) the Krafft point of the surfactant containing poly (oxypropylene) group in the molecule is lower than that of the corresponding alkylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfate, 2) accordingly, the tolerance of the surfactants for calcium ions (hard water) is excellent, 3) the interfacial tensions between oil and aqueous solutions of the surfactants are markedly depressed upon the addition of CaCl2 or MgSO4, 4) clouding phenomena similar to the nonionic surfactant solutions are found at relatively high concentrations of inorganic salts, 5) addition compound formation of the surfactants with some zwitterionic surfactants is observed in the hydrated solid phases below their Krafft points, and 6) the cmc values of the surfactants are lower than those of the corresponding alkylpoly (oxyethylene) sulfates. The above observations of 1) 4) originate from the low Krafft point of the surfactant with poly (oxypropylene) group. The clouding phenomena are of special interest among them, since no observation has been reported on the clouding of anionic surfactant solutions. The phenomena may be explained, when considered that the surfactants are salted-out and separated as liquid surfactant phases, because of their very low Krafft temperatures. The effects of poly (oxyalkylene) group introduced into the anionic surfactant molecules on their cmc are discussed quantitatively, employing the theory presented by Matsumoto and Tokiwa.
Combining body sensors and visual sensors for motion training (2005)

We present a new framework to build motion training systems using machine learning techniques. The goal of our approach is the design of a training method based on the combination of body and visual sensors. We introduce the concept of a Motion Chunk to analyze human motion and construct a motion data model in real-time. The system provides motion detection and evaluation and visual feedback generation. We discuss the results of user tests regarding the system efficiency in martial art training. With our system, trainers can generate motion training videos and practice complex motions precisely evaluated by a computer.
Mechanical equilibrium determines the fractal fiber architecture of aortic heart valve leaflets (1994)

In this work, the structure of the aortic valve is derived from its function, which (in the closed-valve configuration) is to support a uniform pressure load. It is assumed that this load is transferred to the aortic wall by a one-parameter family of fibers under tension. The equation of equilibrium for this fiber structure turns out to be equivalent to the equation of motion of vortex lines in the self-induction approximation. The method of Buttke (J. Comput. Phys. 76:301-326, 1988) is used to solve these equations and, hence, to determine the fiber architecture of the aortic leaflets. Because of a singularity at the center of the aortic valve, the computed fiber architecture has a fractal character with increasing complexity at progressively smaller scales. The computed fiber architecture resembles the branching braided structure of the collagen fibers that support the real aortic valve.