gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Proteomic Analysis (2011)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. To explore tumor biomarkers for clinical application, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and subsequent MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry were performed to identify proteins differentially expressed in 12 pairs of lung squamous cell tumors and their corresponding normal tissues. A total of 28 nonredundant proteins were identified with significant alteration in lung tumors. The up-regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), superoxide dismutase 2, 14-3-3ε, and receptor of activated protein kinase C1 and the down-regulation of peroxiredoxin 2 in tumors were validated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in independent 15 pairs of samples. Increased IDH1 expression was further verified by the immunohistochemical study in extended 73 squamous cell carcinoma and 64 adenocarcinoma clinical samples. A correlation between IDH1 expression and poor overall survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was observed. Furthermore, ELISA analysis showed that the plasma level of IDH1 was significantly elevated in NSCLC patients compared with benign lung disease patients and healthy individuals. In addition, knockdown of IDH1 by RNA interference suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC cell line and decreased the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. These observations suggested that IDH1, as a protein promoting tumor growth, could be used as a plasma biomarker for diagnosis and a histochemical biomarker for prognosis prediction of NSCLC.
Fatty Acid-Specific Fluorescent Probes and Their Use in Resolving Mixtures of Unbound Free Fatty Acids in Equilibrium with Albumin (2006)

We report the first measurements for profiling mixtures of unbound free fatty acids. Measurements utilized fluorescent probes with distinctly different response profiles for different free fatty acids (FFA). These probes were constructed by labeling site-specific mutants of the rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein (rI-FABP) with acrylodan. The probes were produced and screened by high-throughput methods, and from more than 30 000 such probes we selected six that together have sufficient specificity and sensitivity for resolving the profile of unbound FFA (FFAu) in mixtures of different FFAu. We developed analytical methods to determine the FFAu profile from the fluorescence (ratio) response of the different probes and used these methods to determine FFAu profiles for mixtures of arachidonate, linoleate, oleate, palmitate, and stearate in equilibrium with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Measurements were performed using mixtures with a range of total FFAu concentrations, including 0.9 nM, which is similar to normal plasma levels. We also measured single FFA binding isotherms for BSA and found that binding was described well by six to seven sites with the same binding constants (Kd). The Kd values for the FFA (4-38 nM) were inversely related to the aqueous solubility of the FFA. We constructed a model with these parameters to predict the FFAu profile in equilibrium with BSA and found excellent agreement between the profiles measured using the FFA probes and those calculated with this model. These results should lead to a better understanding of albumin's role in buffering FFAu and to profiling FFAu in intra- and extracellular biological fluids.
Nonlinear optics with WGM crystalline resonators: advances and puzzles (2004)

In this paper we discuss theoretical aspects of achieving ultrahigh Q-factors in crystalline whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators as well as peculiarities of parametric frequency conversion, low threshold parametric oscillations based on degenerate four-wave mixing, photorefractivity, and thermo-optical instabilities observed in the resonators.
Cytomegaloviral determinants of CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell programming and RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy (2020)

Abstract Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) insert-expressing, 68-1 Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors elicit major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E- and -II-restricted, SIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses, but the basis of these unconventional responses and their contribution to demonstrated vaccine efficacy against SIV challenge in the rhesus monkeys (RMs) has not been characterized. We demonstrate that these unconventional responses resulted from a chance genetic rearrangement in 68-1 RhCMV that abrogated the function of eight distinct immunomodulatory gene products encoded in two RhCMV genomic regions (Rh157.5/.4 and Rh158-161). Differential repair of these genes with either RhCMV-derived or orthologous human CMV (HCMV)-derived sequences (UL128/130; UL146/147) leads to either of two distinct CD8 + T cell response types – MHC-Ia-restricted-only, or a mix of MHC-II- and MHC-Ia-restricted CD8 + T cells. Despite response magnitude and functional differentiation being similar to RhCMV 68-1, neither alternative response type mediated protection against SIV challenge. These findings implicate MHC-E-restricted CD8 + T cell responses as mediators of anti-SIV efficacy and indicate that translation of RhCMV/SIV vector efficacy to humans will likely require deletion of all the genes that inhibit these responses from the HCMV/HIV vector. One-sentence summary Eight genes in two spatially distinct RhCMV gene regions control induction of unconventionally restricted CD8 + T cell responses and the efficacy of RhCMV/SIV vaccine vectors against SIV challenge.
Metallic glasses in heterogeneous catalysis (1989)

Metallic glasses exhibit some unique properties which make them interesting materials in catalysis. Recently their use as catalyst precursors has been advanced and several efficient catalysts have been prepared by various pretreatments of the metallic glasses. An understanding of the solid-state reactions occurring during the transition of the amorphous precursor to the active catalyst was found to be crucial for successful application of these materials. This paper describes the present knowledge and discusses principal possibilities and problems involved in the application of metallic glasses in catalysis.
Effect of Antioxidants on the Occurrence of Pre-Eclampsia in Women at Increased Risk: A Randomised Trial (2000)

Studies have implicated free radicals as promoters of maternal vascular disorders. If this is the case, timely supplementation with antioxidants could limit oxidative stress and enhance vascular endothelial function, thereby relieving or even preventing preeclampsia. This study enrolled 283 women at increased risk because of either abnormal results on a two-stage uterine artery Doppler waveform at 18 to 22 weeks’ gestation, preeclampsia, or hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, low platelets syndrome in the preceding pregnancy. They were randomly assigned to receive, starting before 22 weeks’ gestation, either vitamin C and vitamin E in daily doses of 1000 mg and 400 IU, respectively, or placebos. At monthly intervals, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a marker of endothelial-cell activation, and PAI-2, which is synthesized by the placenta. Normally, the PAI-I/PAI-2 ratio declines as placental mass increases, but high ratios are found in patients with preeclampsia because of endothelial-cell activation and placental insufficiency. Vitamin supplementation correlated with a 21 percent reduction in the PAI-I/PAI-2 ratio during gestation. Plasma ascorbic acid increased 32 percent on average, and the α-tocopherol level increased by 54 percent. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that preeclampsia developed in 17 percent of placebo recipients but in only 8 percent of women given vitamins, for an adjusted odds ratio of 0.39. In patients completing the study, the odds ratio was 0.24. Small-for-gestational-age infants were less frequent in the vitamin-supplemented group, although not significantly so. If these results are confirmed in a large-scale multicenter trial, supplying extra vitamins C and E may help prevent preeclampsia in women at increased risk. Whether women at low risk are helped remains to be seen. Lancet 1999;354:810–816
Elimination of cavity relaxation oscillation in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with photoactive feedback (2000)

Theory and simulations demonstrate that photoactive layers placed in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) cavities eliminate the power modulation during laser switch-on. As is well known, this power modulation is caused by the increasing rate of carrier depletion that occurs with increasing photon flux ∂(dN/dt)/∂P<0, inducing cavity relaxation oscillations. The presence of photoactive layers with appropriately chosen parameters reverses the sign: ∂(dN/dt)/∂P>0, which means a decreasing depletion rate with increasing laser power. The relaxation frequency then becomes pure imaginary, and the laser cavity behaves as an overdamped oscillator that asymptotes to the final steady state without power modulation or spiking. A flat frequency response over order(s)-of-magnitude higher bandwidth is predicted under direct VCSEL modulation.
Flat panel display with slanted pixel arrangement for 16-view display (2009)

We developed a flat panel display having a slanted subpixel arrangement suitable for a multi-view display. A set of 3M × N subpixels (M × N subpixels for each R, G, and B color) is combined with one of the cylindrical lenses constituting a lenticular sheet to construct a three-dimensional pixel. Subpixels with the same color in each three-dimensional pixel have different horizontal positions, and these R, G, and B subpixels are repeated in the horizontal direction. In addition, ray-emitting areas of the subpixels in a three-dimensional pixel are continuous in the horizontal direction for each color. One vertical edge of one subpixel has the same horizontal position as the opposite vertical edge of one of the other subpixels of the same color subpixels. The crosstalk among viewpoints is theoretically zero and a three-dimensional image has no moire. When the horizontal pitch of subpixels is p, the width of a subpixel is 3p/N and the width of the black matrix region between subpixels is (1-3/N)p. This structure is suitable for providing a large number of viewpoints. A mobile three-dimensional display with 16 viewpoints and three-dimensional resolution of 256 × 192 was constructed. The screen size was 2.57 inches. A three-dimensional pixel was composed by 12 × 4 subpixels (M=4 and N=4). The horizontal pitch of subpixels was 17.0 μm and the horizontal width of the black matrix areas was 4.25 μm. The horizontal position of subpixels was shifted 9.56 μ;m between adjacent rows.
High speed optical scanner for multi-dimensional beam pointing and acquisition (2003)

We report on a novel multi-dimensional optical scanning technique based on fiber-based wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) technology. This scanner can provide a large field of view (e.g., up to 360 degrees), a large scanning volume, a fast scanning speed, and the ability to scan a complicated three-dimensional (3-D) geometry. WDM devices have been recently used in telecommunication optical networks.
Fluorinated ester co-solvents for low-temperature Li-ion cells (2007)

This viewgraph presentation reviews the development of co-solvents for Li-ion cells. The future planned NASA Missions to explore Mars, the Moon, and the outer planets require rechargeable batteries that can operate at low temperatures. The applications for these batteries include landers, rovers and penetraters. This presentation reviews the work on optimizing the ester-based electrolyte formulations, with the intent of providing the best performance at temperatures ranging from -60 to +60 C.
Temporary Grating Coupler Structures Using Localised Refractive Index Engineering (2014)

We demonstrate an erasable grating coupler which allows optical device testing throughout the fabrication process without impairing final circuit performance. Refractive index variation is introduced using ion implantation and can be subsequently removed using laser annealing.
Analytical appro aches in the development of industry standard specimens of aluminum production electrolyte (2022)

A combination of the methods of X-ray phase and X-ray spectral analyzes is used at domestic aluminum plants for operational technological control of the composition of cooled electrolytes. In this case, standard samples of chemical and phase composition are used to calibrate measuring instruments. The synthesis of standard samples from simple components is impossible due to the inadequacy of their microcrystalline structure to real electrolyte samples. Therefore, it is necessary to develop standard samples directly from the material of real electrolytes with a reliably established quantitative chemical and mineralogical phase composition. We managed to develop a set of 30 standard samples of aluminum-produced electrolyte using electrolytes taken from the electrolysis baths of various plants; some of the samples were doped with so­dium, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium fluorides to expand the range of compositions. A metrological certification of the set with the status of "Industry standard samples" was performed based on the data of interlaboratory analysis according to the methods of X-ray control used at the plants and according to the well-known Rietveld X-ray phase method for determining the quantitative phase composition. The set has been successfully implemented at seven RUSAL plants.
Breeding of a xylose-fermenting hybrid strain by mating genetically engineered haploid strains derived from industrial <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2014)

The industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae IR-2 is a promising host strain to genetically engineer xylose-utilizing yeasts for ethanol fermentation from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Two IR-2-based haploid strains were selected based upon the rate of xylulose fermentation, and hybrids were obtained by mating recombinant haploid strains harboring heterogeneous xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) (wild-type NAD(+)-dependent XDH or engineered NADP(+)-dependent XDH, ARSdR), xylose reductase (XR) and xylulose kinase (XK) genes. ARSdR in the hybrids selected for growth rates on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar and YP-xylose agar plates typically had a higher activity than NAD(+)-dependent XDH. Furthermore, the xylose-fermenting performance of the hybrid strain SE12 with the same level of heterogeneous XDH activity was similar to that of a recombinant strain of IR-2 harboring a single set of genes, XR/ARSdR/XK. These results suggest not only that the recombinant haploid strains retain the appropriate genetic background of IR-2 for ethanol production from xylose but also that ARSdR is preferable for xylose fermentation.
Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation with a Hollow Fiber Waveguide (2003)

A novel scheme for performing infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) is presented in which a hollow fiber waveguide (HFWG) is used to transmit IR radiation into the ion storage region of a mass spectrometer. Efficient dissociation of oligonucleotide and protein ions is demonstrated on an ESI-FTICR instrument in which IRMPD is performed in the external ion reservoir and on a quadrupole ion trap. Using a simple optical scheme consisting of a single focusing lens and an x, y translator, the 10.6-microm IR laser beam, initially 3.5 mm in diameter, is focused into the vacuum-sealed HFWG. The small internal diameter and the high transfer efficiency of the waveguide allow IR radiation of high power density to be employed for IRMPD. In studies performed on a quadrupole ion trap, a 500-microm-i.d. waveguide was used as a medium to transmit IR radiation directly through a 700-microm orifice in the ring electrode. Efficient IRMPD of both a 12-mer oligonucleotide and the protein melittin were performed at laser powers of 0.5 and 3.2 W, respectively.
Reductive Alkylation of Glycopeptide Antibiotics: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity. (1996)

Reductive alkylation of the A82846 family of glycopeptide antibiotics has the potential of producing seven products. N-Alkylation of the disaccharide amino function can be accomplished selectively, and offers the greatest increase in antibacterial activity. Products resulting from N-alkylation of LY264826 (A82846B) provide the most potent derivatives as compared to other members of this class of antibiotics. Two of these derivatives, LY307599 and LY333328 are approximately 500 times more active than vancomycin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
AN &#x2113;<inf>1/2</inf> regularized low-rank representation for hyperspectral imagery classification (2015)

Hundreds of narrow contiguous spectral bands collected by a hyperspectral sensor has provided the opportunity to identify the various materials present on the surface. Spatial information, that means the adjacent pixels belong to the same class with a high probability, is a valuable complement to the spectral information. In this paper, by decomposing each pixel and the spatial neighborhood into a low-rank form, the spatial information can be efficiently integrated into the spectral signatures. Meanwhile, in order to describe the low-rank structure of the decomposed data more precisely, an ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sub> norm regularization is introduced and a discrete algorithm is proposed to solve the combined optimization problem. Experimental results on real hyperspectral data have demonstrated the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed spatial information-fused approach for hyperspectral imagery classification.
Using business-aware latent topics for image captioning in social media (2016)

Captions are a central component in image posts that communicate the background story behind photos. Captions can enhance the engagement with audiences and are therefore critical to campaigns or advertisement. Previous studies in image captioning either rely solely on image content or summarize multiple web documents related to image's location; both neglect users' activities. We propose business-aware latent topics as a new contextual cue for image captioning that represent user activities at business venues. The idea is to learn the typical activities of people who posted images from business venues with similar categories (e.g., fast food restaurants) to provide appropriate context for similar topics (e.g., burger) in new posts. User activities at businesses are modeled via a latent topic representation. In turn, the image captioning model can generate sentences that better reflect user activities at business venues. In our experiments, the business-aware latent topics are effective for adapting to captions to images captured in various businesses than the existing baselines. Moreover, they complement other contextual cues (image, time) in a multi-modal framework.
Synchrophasor based dynamic model validation leveraging multiple events (2018)

This paper proposes a method to validate and calibrate power system dynamic models using measurements from multiple events. By simultaneously calibrating the models across multiple events, the resulting parameter values can rightly explain the model response across all these events. The proposed solution has three components: (i) parameter identifiability analysis, (ii) event characterization, (iii) parameter estimation. The identifiablity analysis accounts for multiple events simultaneously, thereby providing a global quantification of parameter identifiability. The event characterization approach clusters similar events and determines the set of most representative events from the available measurements. Finally, an Unscented Kalman Filtering based parameter estimation algorithm is adopted to tune the model parameters across multiple events simultaneously. The efficacy of the proposed solution is demonstrated using a playback simulation platform based on the Matlab based power system toolbox.
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks (2014)

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and technological applications. Their signature property is their ultrahigh porosity, which however imparts a series of challenges when it comes to both constructing them and working with them. Securing desired MOF chemical and physical functionality by linker/node assembly into a highly porous framework of choice can pose difficulties, as less porous and more thermodynamically stable congeners (e.g., other crystalline polymorphs, catenated analogues) are often preferentially obtained by conventional synthesis methods. Once the desired product is obtained, its characterization often requires specialized techniques that address complications potentially arising from, for example, guest-molecule loss or preferential orientation of microcrystallites. Finally, accessing the large voids inside the MOFs for use in applications that involve gases can be problematic, as frameworks may be subject to collapse during removal of solvent molecules (remnants of solvothermal synthesis). In this paper, we describe synthesis and characterization methods routinely utilized in our lab either to solve or circumvent these issues. The methods include solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries, and materials activation (cavity evacuation) by supercritical CO2 drying. Finally, we provide a protocol for determining a suitable pressure region for applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to nitrogen isotherms, so as to estimate surface area of MOFs with good accuracy.
Leakage current characteristics of laser-ablated SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films (2002)

We have studied the leakage current conduction mechanism of pulsed-laser-deposited SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) thin films on platinized silicon substrates. The time-dependent dc leakage current densities of SBN thin films do not follow Curie–von Schweidler power law. Instead the contribution of conduction current is predominantly electronic. At lower fields, the leakage current follows the ohmic behavior, and it increases exponentially for higher fields. The leakage current density of the SBN thin films was studied at elevated temperatures, and the data were fitted with the Schottky emission model. The effective Richardson’s constant was calculated to be about 8.7×10−6 A/cm2 K2. The Schottky barrier height of the SBN thin films was estimated to be 1.37 eV.
An electrophoretic LCD: Switching with threshold and video rate (2008)

Abstract— Here, an electrophoretic liquid‐crystal (EPLC) display, which employs a suspension of pigments with liquid crystals and exhibits switching with threshold and fast response is presented, enabling video rate. The dielectric anisotropy of the LC medium, allowing by applying voltage switching between states with high and low dielectric permittivity, is responsible for this unusual electrophoretic switching.
Adaptive Noise-Reduction and Sharpening of OSEM Reconstructed Data (2006)

The Pixon method, a statistically rigorous procedure for adaptive noise suppression that avoids the generation of spurious artifacts yet preserves all the statistically justifiable image features resident in the raw counts, is applied to nuclear studies. The present work focuses on adaptive postsmoothing and sharpening of OSEM-reconstructed data at various count levels, with the ultimate goals to (i) increase sensitivity for detection of lesions of small size and/or of small activity-to-background ratio, (ii) reduce data acquisition time, and (iii) reduce patient dose. We use simulated and measured data and human-observer studies, which are analyzed using quantitative measures. The detectability shows improvement, as does resolution, especially at low counts. Clinical trials would be required to assess this method of image postprocessing
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiulcer Activity of 5,11‐Dihydro(1)benzoxepino(3,4‐b)pyridines. (1988)

Abstract The synthesis of the benzoxepinopyridines (Ia) ‐ (Ic) and their thia analogue (Id) is described.