gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Consideration and Practical Solution of High-Performance Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media (2009)

The core of the current granular perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media is the granular oxide magnetic layer (GOML). We observe that a fcc NiW seed layer, followed by a hcp Ru layer sputtered under low pressure (LP-Ru) and then by a hcp Ru layer sputtered under high pressure (HP-Ru) provides an excellent structural template for the granular oxide magnetic layer (GOML). Microstructure and magnetic properties of the GOML can be tailored through process conditions and alloy compositions to maximize the recording performance of the perpendicular magnetic recording media. Exchange coupled composite (ECC) media design provides significant improvement in overwrite (OW) and signal-to-noise ratio (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> NR) for perpendicular magnetic recording media. Recording performance of the ECC media needs to be optimized with consideration of the magnetic properties and thicknesses of both the exchange control layer (ECL) and the cap magnetic layer (CML). At their respective optimum, the recording performance of the ECC media is mostly dependent upon the properties of the GOML and CML. This study indicates that a dual magnetic cap layer structure consisting of low-M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> and high-M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> sublayers can combine the benefits provided by the two types of cap magnetic materials.
Antimicrobial, Host Defence Peptides and Proteins (2007)

Abstract Host defence (antimicrobial) peptides and proteins are important effectors of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. To eradicate infectious agents and support immunity they (1) interfere with microbial integrity or metabolism by targeting structures or nutrients specific to microbes and (2) interact with host innate immune cells to tailor a heightened but balanced immune response.
New generation of in-mirror integrated antennas (2009)

This paper describes the possibility of integrating the antennas into a mirror of a vehicle. Vehicle manufacturers tend to integrate all modern communication services into their vehicles. This requires a certain number of antennas to support these services. On the other hand they put the requirement that the antennas should not influence the design and aesthetics of the vehicle, they should be as compact as possible and in the best case not visible at all, at the same time that the solution offers modularity across different car platforms. FICOSA developed such a solution, integrating the antennas into the side mirrors of a car. Paper stresses the in-mirror integration possibilities but also shows other new ideas how to make the well functioning antennas invisible within the vehicle.
Molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by Hsp90-targeted Antp-TPR hybrid peptide in glioblastoma cells (2012)

These results show that targeting of Hsp90 by Antp-TPR could be an attractive approach to selective cancer-cell killing because no other Hsp90-targeted compounds show selective cytotoxic activity. Antp-TPR might provide potent and selective therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer.
Combining Electrolysis and Electroporation for Tissue Ablation (2014)

Electrolytic ablation is a method that operates by delivering low magnitude direct current to the target region over long periods of time, generating electrolytic products that destroy cells. This study was designed to explore the hypothesis stating that electrolytic ablation can be made more effective when the electrolysis-producing electric charges are delivered using electric pulses with field strength typical in reversible electroporation protocols. (For brevity we will refer to tissue ablation protocols that combine electroporation and electrolysis as E(2).) The mechanistic explanation of this hypothesis is related to the idea that products of electrolysis generated by E(2) protocols can gain access to the interior of the cell through the electroporation permeabilized cell membrane and therefore cause more effective cell death than from the exterior of an intact cell. The goal of this study is to provide a first-order examination of this hypothesis by comparing the charge dosage required to cause a comparable level of damage to a rat liver, in vivo, when using either conventional electrolysis or E(2) approaches. Our results show that E(2) protocols produce tissue damage that is consistent with electrolytic ablation. Furthermore, E(2) protocols cause damage comparable to that produced by conventional electrolytic protocols while delivering orders of magnitude less charge to the target tissue over much shorter periods of time.
Application of Turbo Codes to High-Density Optical Disc Storage Using 17PP Code (2005)

We have previously proposed a novel trellis decoding technique for soft-output decoding of the 17PP code. Using this technique, we have developed a turbo-coded 17PP system, and showed improvement in the bit error rate (BER) in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by simulation. In this paper, we describe an optimized trellis of the 17PP code that has only 15 states and 53 branches. It is well known that a partial response (PR) channel can be regarded as a convo-lutional code with the trellis structure. Therefore we merged the PR1221 trellis into the 17PP trellis, which we call the “PR17PP” trellis, and similarly optimized this trellis. With the soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoders using this “PR17PP” trellis, it is experimentally confirmed that the turbo-coded 17PP system effectively increases the user capacity of an optical disc.
Mach–Zehnder interferometer switch with a high extinction ratio over a wide wavelength range (2005)

We have realized a novel Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) thermo-optic switch that can operate over a much wider wavelength range than a conventional MZI switch. We constructed the novel MZI switch by incorporating a phase-generating coupler (PGC) as an optical coupler. The PGC generates a nonlinear wavelength-dependent phase, which functions as a virtual wavelength-dependent delay part that cancels out the wavelength dependence of a MZI. We fabricated the novel MZI switch on a silica-based planar light-wave circuit and achieved a low insertion loss of less than 1.6 dB and a high extinction ratio of 30 dB over a wide wavelength range of 160 nm.
Reductions in Cross‐Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Infants after Attenuation of the Human Rotavirus Vaccine Candidate 89‐12 (2006)

The G1P1A[8] rotavirus vaccine candidate 89-12, the precursor to Rotarix, stimulated high titers of neutralizing antibodies to non-G1/P1A[8] serotypes of human rotavirus in naturally infected subjects before attenuation by cell-culture passages. These responses were greatly diminished in young infants (median age, 11 weeks) administered the attenuated vaccine. Because of the possibility of improved responses in older infants, the immunogenicity of the 89-12 vaccine candidate was evaluated after administration of 2 doses beginning at either 4 or 6 months of age. As was found in young infants, neutralizing antibody responses to non-G1/P1A[8] rotaviruses were considerably lower than those observed after natural infection. The reasons identified were overall (P<.0001) lower neutralizing antibody responses stimulated by the attenuated 89-12 strain, compared with those stimulated by its virulent precursor, and 5 mutations selected in the gene encoding the immunodominant VP4 (P) neutralization protein. Even so, the Rotarix vaccine developed from attenuated 89-12 was found to elicit excellent protection against non-G1 rotaviruses.
Line harmonics reduction in high power systems using square-wave inverters (2002)

This paper presents a hybrid parallel active filter scheme using small rated square-wave inverters for supply line harmonic current reduction for high power nonlinear loads in the range of 1-50 MW to meet IEEE 519 harmonic standards. The active filters are connected in series with 5th and 7th passive filters. A synchronous reference frame based controller which achieves harmonic isolation for dominant 5th and 7th harmonic load currents in presence of supply voltage harmonics is presented. The impact of mistuned passive filters on the operation and rating of the hybrid parallel active filter is examined. Simulation results validate the proposed harmonic isolation controller under mistuned 5th and 7th passive filter conditions and supply voltage distortion. The proposed scheme is general and applicable for high power 12 pulse rectifier loads. The proposed use of small rated-2%-square-wave inverters increases the cost effectiveness and practical viability of hybrid parallel active filter scheme for high power applications.
Development of Antimicrobial Peptides as Therapeutic Agents (2011)

Abstract Classical antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) replication, or by modifying metabolism. Bacteria can resist antibiotics as a result of chromosomal changes (mutation or inductive expression of a latent chromosomal gene) or the exchange of genetic material via plasmids and transposons. As this chapter will discuss, antibiotics are rendered inactive by three major mechanisms: (1) antibiotic inactivation by destruction or modification, (2) prevention of access of the antibiotic to the target, and (3) alteration of the target site of the antibiotic. Bacteria have a remarkable ability to overcome each new reagent synthesized as a potential classical antibiotic. Consequently, the current priority is the development of alternative drugs and/or the isolation of native molecules that would allow the consistent and proper control of pathogen‐caused diseases.
Synthesis and antitumor properties of new glycosides of daunomycinone and adriamycinone (1975)

The synthesis of 4'-epi-daunorubicin and of 4'-epi-adriamycin was performed by condensation of 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-trifluoroacetamido-4-O-trifluoroacetyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl chloride with daunomycinone or the protected adriamycinone derivative 17, respectively. Both the alpha and beta anomers were obtained and characterized. All new compounds are biologically active in cultured cells and the alpha anomers display noticeable activity in experimental tumors in mice. Interestingly, 4'-epi-adriamycin (4) appears nontoxic to cultured heart cells up to a concentration of 5 mug/ml.
Evaluation of the Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Group A Strep ID technique (1984)

A direct extraction of the antigens of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci from 557 throat swabs was performed by a new microtechnique of the nitrous acid extraction method with the Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Strep ID technique from Marion Scientific, Division of Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. This group A latex reagent kit contains the reagents for the micronitrous acid extraction of throat swabs and does not require a centrifugation step in its protocol. There was a 99.3% (553 of 557) total agreement between the direct nitrous acid extraction-latex agglutination method and the standard culture method. The direct extraction method yielded an identification of 95.1% (78 of 82) of the group A streptococci identified by the standard method. Throat swabs used for standard culture may also be extracted with nitrous acid for the detection of group A antigen. A 5-min nitrous acid extraction destroys the viability of bacteria associated with normal throat flora as well as group A streptococci and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This highly rapid method is simple to perform and requires no costly instrumentation. Accordingly, it would be most applicable in a hospital laboratory as well as in a physician's office.
Directing Substrate Morphology via Self-Assembly: Ligand-Mediated Scission of Gallium–Indium Microspheres to the Nanoscale (2011)

We have developed a facile method for the construction of liquid-phase eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) alloy nanoparticles. Particle formation is directed by molecular self-assembly and assisted by sonication. As the bulk liquid alloy is ultrasonically dispersed, fast thiolate self-assembly at the EGaIn interface protects the material against oxidation. The choice of self-assembled monolayer ligand directs the ultimate size reduction in the material; strongly interacting molecules induce surface strain and assist particle cleavage to the nanoscale. Transmission electron microscopy images and diffraction analyses reveal that the nanoscale particles are in an amorphous or liquid phase, with no observed faceting. The particles exhibit strong absorption in the ultraviolet (∼200 nm), consistent with the gallium surface plasmon resonance, but dependent on the nature of the particle ligand shell.
Structure−Activity Relationship of 4(5)-Aryl-2-amino-1<i>H</i>-imidazoles, <i>N</i>1-Substituted 2-Aminoimidazoles and Imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyrimidinium Salts as Inhibitors of Biofilm Formation by <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2010)

A library of 112 4(5)-aryl-2-amino-1H-imidazoles, 4,5-diphenyl-2-amino-1H-imidazoles, and N1-substituted 4(5)-phenyl-2-aminoimidazoles was synthesized and tested for the antagonistic effect against biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The substitution pattern of the 4(5)-phenyl group and the nature of the N1-substituent were found to have a major effect on the biofilm inhibitory activity. The most active compounds of this series were shown to inhibit the biofilm formation at low micromolar concentrations. Furthermore, the influence of 6 imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and 18 imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts on the biofilm formation was tested. These compounds are the chemical precursors of the 2-aminoimidazoles in our synthesis pathway. A good correlation was found between the activity of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts and their corresponding 2-aminoimidazoles, supporting the hypothesis that the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts are possibly cleaved by cellular nucleophiles to form the active 2-aminoimidazoles. However, the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines did not show any biofilm inhibitory activity, indicating that these molecules are not susceptible to in situ degradation to 2-aminoimidazoles. Finally, we demonstrated the lack of biofilm inhibitory activity of an array of 37 2N-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines, which are the chemical precursors of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts in our synthesis pathway.
Current status of clinical high-intensity focused ultrasound (2009)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is being promoted as a noninvasive method to treat certain primary solid tumors, metastatic disease, and enhance drug delivery. The field of medicine is evolving towards increasing use of noninvasive and minimally invasive therapies such as HIFU. This article provides an overview of current clinical applications of HIFU and future requirements to expand the clinical applications of this technique.
Handheld magnetic sensor for measurement of tension (2012)

This letter develops an analytical formulation for measurement of tension in a string using a handheld sensor. By gently pushing the sensor against the string, the tension in the string can be obtained. An experimental sensor prototype is constructed to verify the analytical formulation. The centimeter-sized prototype utilizes three moving pistons and magnetic field based measurements of their positions. Experimental data show that the sensor can accurately measure tension on a bench top rig. The developed sensor could be useful in a variety of orthopedic surgical procedures, including knee replacement, hip replacement, ligament repair, shoulder stabilization, and tendon repair.
Using the Difference of Syndromes to Decode Quadratic Residue Codes (2018)

In this paper, an efficient decoding algorithm is developed to facilitate faster decoding of the binary systematic quadratic residue (QR) codes. It is based on the difference of syndromes (DS), and hence, is called the DS algorithm hereinafter. This new method combines the advantages of the syndrome-weight algorithm and properties of the cyclic codes. Actually, it is a natural generalization of the cyclic weight (CW) algorithm for the (47, 24, 11) QR code developed by Lin et al., and its validity of decoding any binary systematic QR code is also proved. The complexity analysis and simulation results show that the DS algorithm dramatically reduces the decoding complexity without performance loss and considerably requires less memory when compared with previous ones. Utilizing the (47, 24, 11), the (71, 36, 11), the (73, 37, 13), and the (89, 45, 17) QR codes as examples, the DS algorithm not only significantly improves the decoding efficiency, but also saves the memory evidently. When the (23, 12, 7) QR code is considered, the DS algorithm performs almost as well as the currently known best algorithm in terms of decoding efficiency and memory requirements. Thus, all QR codes of lengths less than 100 can be decoded efficiently by using the proposed algorithm. Especially, when the proposed algorithm is applied to decode the (89, 45, 17) QR code, the best one among all the QR codes of lengths less than 100, the decoding speed is raised 26 times and the memory is saved up to 76.6% in comparison with the existing fastest decoding algorithm.
Performance impacts and limitations of hardware memory access trace collection (2017)

In today's multicore architectures, complex interactions between applications in the memory system can have a significant and highly variable impact on application execution time. System designers typically use hardware counters to profile execution behaviours and diagnose performance problems. However, hardware counters are not always sufficient and some problems are best identified with full memory access traces. Collecting these traces in software is very expensive; our work explores using dedicated hardware for memory-access trace collection. We analyze the limitations of this approach and its impacts on application performance. Our study is performed on actual hardware using two very different CPU platforms: 1) the PolyBlaze multicore soft processor and 2) the ARM Cortex-A9. In both cases, the data collection is implemented on an FPGA. Using micro-benchmarks designed to test the bounds of memory access behaviour, we illustrate the operational regions of data collection and the impact on system performance. By examining the bandwidth bottlenecks that limit the rate of data collection, as well as hardware architecture choices that can aggravate the impact on application performance, we provide guidelines that can be used to extrapolate our analysis to other systems and processor architectures.
Chemically-defined albumin-free differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to endothelial progenitor cells (2015)

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived endothelial cells and their progenitors are important for vascular research and therapeutic revascularization. Here, we report a completely defined endothelial progenitor differentiation platform that uses a minimalistic medium consisting of Dulbecco's modified eagle medium and ascorbic acid, lacking of albumin and growth factors. Following hPSC treatment with a GSK-3β inhibitor and culture in this medium, this protocol generates more than 30% multipotent CD34+ CD31+ endothelial progenitors that can be purified to >95% CD34+ cells via magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). These CD34+ progenitors are capable of differentiating into endothelial cells in serum-free inductive media. These hPSC-derived endothelial cells express key endothelial markers including CD31, VE-cadherin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF), exhibit endothelial-specific phenotypes and functions including tube formation and acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) uptake. This fully defined platform should facilitate production of proliferative, xeno-free endothelial progenitor cells for both research and clinical applications.
<title>Low-cost fault-tolerant distributed control for fly-by-light systems</title> (1994)

Distributed intelligence, fault tolerance, and fiber optic technology hold significant promise when applied to complex sensor/actuator systems such as those found in primary and secondary flight control systems. This paper outlines the theory of operation and configuration of a fault tolerant distributed control system jointly developed by Raytheon Company and Beech Aircraft Corporation. The system's benefits accrue from the union of fiber optic performance advantages with the low cost of fault-tolerant distributed sensing and control techniques. The initial configuration is comprised of low-cost fault-tolerant computers which control, monitor and display the functions of two JT15D-5 engines and their thrust reversers across redundant fiber networks. Pilot inputs are transmitted digitally over a redundant fiber optic network using a distributed fault-tolerant processing architecture. In the Distributed Control-By-Light (CBL) system, low-cost intelligent nodes are placed at the site of the sensors, actuators, control inputs, feedback devices, and displays across the entire aircraft. The nodes communicate across redundant fiber optic networks using an industry standard open architecture protocol. Firmware at each node monitors or controls the local function and responds to commands from or passes digitized processed sensor data to other functions on the aircraft. Proven hardware and software fault-tolerance techniques are applied to provide the ability to withstand multiple faults. The Distributed Control-By-Light system achieves all of the benefits traditionally ascribed to FlyBy-Light: reduced cost and weight, reduced EM!, HIRF, and lightning susceptibility, reduced system grounding problems, reduced certification costs, and increased aircraft range and payload. The distributed architecture also provides decreased production and assembly costs, improved reliability, enhanced operational utility and decreased pilot workload, and enhanced maintenance and diagnostics capabilities.
Surface acoustic waves in ZnO/Aol/sub X/Ga/sub 1-X//C-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ structures (2004)

Piezoelectric AlN and ternary Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N thin films deposited on (0001) C-plane sapphire substrates are attractive for low-loss and high-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. However, growth of epitaxial quality AlN films is difficult due to strong parasitic gas phase reactions between precursors. On the other hand, ZnO is a well-known piezoelectric material with high electromechanical coupling coefficients. Furthermore, high quality epitaxial ZnO films can be grown at temperatures hundreds of degrees lower than AlN. By depositing piezoelectric ZnO and AlN multilayer structures on C-plane sapphire substrates, large coupling coefficient and high SAW velocity can be obtained. In this work, ZnO/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N multilayer structures were epitaxially grown on C-plane sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). SAW devices were fabricated and tested, which exhibited good agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The SAW velocity and coupling coefficients of the ZnO/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N(0/spl les/x/spl les/1)C-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ multilayer systems are analyzed as a function of the Al mole percentage, x in Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N and of the ZnO (h/sub 1/) to Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N (h/sub 2/ thickness ratio. It has been found that the hf region where the coupling coefficient is close to K/sup 2//sub max/ broadens with increasing Al content, while k/sup 2//sub max/ decreases slightly. When the thickness ratio h/sub 1//h/sub 2/ is 0.5, a wide hf region where coupling is close to k/sup 2//sub max/ is obtained.