gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IP Geolocation through Reverse DNS (2018)

IP Geolocation databases are widely used in online services to map end user IP addresses to their geographical locations. However, they use proprietary geolocation methods and in some cases they have poor accuracy. We propose a systematic approach to use publicly accessible reverse DNS hostnames for geolocating IP addresses. Our method is designed to be combined with other geolocation data sources. We cast the task as a machine learning problem where for a given hostname, we generate and rank a list of potential location candidates. We evaluate our approach against three state of the art academic baselines and two state of the art commercial IP geolocation databases. We show that our work significantly outperforms the academic baselines, and is complementary and competitive with commercial databases. To aid reproducibility, we open source our entire approach.
Automated rock recognition with wavelet feature space projection and Gaussian Process classification (2010)

A crucial component of an autonomous mine is the ability to infer rock types from mechanical measurements of a drill rig. The major difficulty lies in that there is not a clear one to one correspondence between the mechanical measurements and the rock type due to the mechanical noise as well as the variety of the rock geology. This paper proposes a novel wavelet feature space projection approach to robustly classify rock types from drilling data with Gaussian Process classification. Instead of applying Gaussian Process classifier directly to the given measurement pieces, a group of wavelet features are extracted from the neighboring region of a specific data point. Gaussian Process classification is then carried out on the new extracted wavelet features. By putting neighboring data points into consideration rather than dealing with each data point individually, the underlying pattern can be better captured and more robust to noise and data variations. Experimental results on synthetic data as well as varied real world drilling data have shown the effectiveness of our approach.
A Novel Retransmission Scheme for Hierarchical Modulation Based MBMS (2009)

In this paper we focus on efficient retransmission strategy for MBMS that employs hierarchical modulation. Hierarchical modulation offers a mechanism to enable the transmission of several data streams on one single frequency channel, with different transmission qualities, which requires more efficient HARQ strategy for MBMS. Constellation rearrangement and symbol bits rearrangement based HARQ are two kinds of methods to improve the efficiency of MBMS transmission from the perspective of constellation diversity. To further improve the performance, we proposed a novel retransmission method, including two constellations designed for transmission and retransmission, the transmitter algorithm to select the constellation to be used based on feedback information and the receiver algorithm to combine the retransmission packets. The merit of the proposal is to obtain the benefits from constellation rearrangement and symbol bits rearrangement simultaneously via once retransmission so as to save retransmission number, resulting in improved spectrum efficiency. Simulation results show our algorithm can provide about 21.5% cell throughput gain and 23% cell edge throughput gain than other HARQ methods.
Light represses transcription of asparagine synthetase genes in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organs of plants. (1991)

Asparagine synthetase (AS) mRNA in Pisum sativum accumulates preferentially in plants grown in the dark. Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrate that expression of both the AS1 and AS2 genes is negatively regulated by light at the level of transcription. A decrease in the transcriptional rate of the AS1 gene can be detected as early as 20 min after exposure to light. Time course experiments reveal that the levels of AS mRNA fluctuate dramatically during a "normal" light/dark cycle. This is due to a direct effect of light and not to changes associated with circadian rhythm. A novel finding is that the light-repressed expression of the AS1 gene is as dramatic in nonphotosynthetic organs such as roots as it is in leaves. Experiments demonstrate that the small amount of light which passes through the soil is sufficient to repress AS1 expression in roots, indicating that light has a direct effect on AS1 gene expression in roots. The negative regulation of AS gene expression by light was shown to be a general phenomenon in plants which also occurs in nonlegumes such as Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana tabacum. Thus, the AS genes can serve as a model with which to dissect the molecular basis for light-regulated transcriptional repression in plants.
Screening of transition metal/oxide-impregnated ZSM-5 catalysts for deoxygenation of biomass oxygenates via direct methane intervention (2016)

Removal of oxygen from biomass (deoxygenation) is a significant challenge that needs to be overcome to effectively produce hydrocarbon-based biofuel. The present technology needs extraneous hydrogen (H2) to act as a proton donor, to effectively remove this oxygen. This work is geared toward finding an effective catalyst that accommodates the direct use of methane, instead of H2, for deoxygenation reactions. Here, we studied the impact of three oxides (Ga2O3, MoO3, Cr2O3) and two metals (Pt, Ni) impregnated (at 1, 2 and 5% loadings) on ZSM-5 support on furan conversion, benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylenes (BTEX) selectivity, and coke formation when furan was catalytically pyrolyzed in methane and methane-free environments. The results indicate that Ga-, Pt- and Ni-based catalysts increase BTEX selectivity in a methane environment as opposed to methane-free conditions. The type of metal and the amount of loading had a significant impact on furan conversion as well. Ga/ZSM-5-based catalyst displayed the highest BTEX selectivity, while Ni/ZSM-5 resulted in the highest furan conversion. The results are significant since there is strong evidence of select catalysts’ ability to activate methane and in turn allow furan deoxygenation. This work paves the way to use methane (or natural gas) instead of H2 as a direct proton donor for deoxygenation reactions.
The productton of hybrid Ty: IFN virus-like particles in yeast (1987)

The yeast retrotransposon Ty encodes proteins that assemble into virus-like particles (Ty-VLPs) which can be readily purified. We have recently shown that expression of the pl protein encoded by the TYA gene of Ty is sufficient for particle formation. In this paper we show that when a heterologous coding sequence, human interferon-alpha 2 (IFN), is fused in frame to the TYA gene, the resulting p1-IFN fusion protein is still assembled into VLPs. These Ty:IFN-VLPs can be easily purified to near homogeneity and furthermore, they induce an antibody response to interferon when they are injected into rabbits. Therefore, these data show that hybrid Ty-VLPs can be used as a convenient system for the efficient purification of fusion proteins in yeast.
CONCENTRATIONS OF SPECIFIC EPITHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS IN THE URINE OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS (1997)

These findings indicate that complex changes in the levels of urine epithelial cell growth factors (EGF, IGF1, and HB-EGF) and a growth factor binding protein (IGFBP3) are associated with IC. While EGF, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels are either the same or increased in the urine of IC patients as compared to patients with bacterial cystitis or asymptomatic controls, HB-EGF levels are significantly decreased in the urine of IC patients. Understanding the reasons for these changes may lead to understanding the pathogenesis of this disorder.
A secure image authentication algorithm with pixel-level tamper localization (2005)

In this paper, we use a generalized model for all the previously proposed pixel-wise authentication schemes. Then we show how this model can be compromised with an Oracle attack. This motivated us to develop a novel authentication scheme to be described here. The new scheme is designed to detect any changes to a signal. It consists of two mechanisms dedicated to authenticity verification for a signal and localization of tampered pixels, respectively. The scheme is secure yet it maintains the fine tamper localization capability of a pixel-wise scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a good accuracy in locating tampered pixels.
Ultrasmall Nanoparticle Delivery of Doxorubicin Improves Therapeutic Index for High-Grade Glioma (2022)

Ultrasmall C' dot-drug conjugates showed great translational potential over DOX for improving the therapeutic outcome of patients with high-grade gliomas, even without a cancer-targeting moiety.
Chromium doped ZnSe and ZnS gain media for optically and electrically pumped mid-IR lasers (2009)

We report methods of fabrication and laser-spectroscopic characterization of mid-IR gain media based on micron size Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnSe/ZnS powders, as well as Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnSe/ZnS doped fluorocarbon polymer films, and perfluorocarbon liquids. All samples demonstrated strong mid-IR luminescence over 2000-3000nm spectral range under optical 1700nm excitation. The random lasing of the doped liquids and polymer films was realized with pump energy density of 100 and 15mJ/cm2, respectively. Previously we have demonstrated mid-IR electroluminescence of Cr:ZnSe with n-conductivity provided by thermal diffusion of Al and Zn. However, the formation of conductivity was accompanied by compensation of the Cr<sup>2+</sup> optical centers and relatively weak chromium electroluminescence. In this paper we report study of the Cr<sup>2+</sup> compensation in the crystals co-doped with donor and acceptor impurities. Optical and electrical characterization of Cr:ZnSe crystals with Ag, Cu, Al, In, and Zn co-dopants were studied to optimize mid-IR electroluminescens of the Cr<sup>2+</sup> ions. The best results were obtained with p-conductive Ag:Cr:ZnSe samples featuring a low 600 Ωcm resistivity. First mid-IR electroluminescence in presumable p-type Ag:Cr:ZnSe was demonstrated, which could prove valuable for developing laser diodes that function in this spectral region.
New Developments in Liquid Crystal Photo-Aligning by Azo-Dyes (2005)

Liquid crystal (LC) photo-alignment using azo-dyes is reviewed. This alignment method is very different from previously reported ones, which are due to mechanisms such as photo-crosslinking, photo degradation, and photo-isomerization. We present the basic physical mechanisms of the photo-induced orientational order in various photo-aligning materials and in azo-dye layers in particular. This method is based on rotational diffusion in a potential created by the light field as well as intermolecular forces. It will be shown that this photo-aligning method can provide a controllable pretilt angle and strong anchoring energy of the LC cell, as well as having high thermal and ultraviolet (UV) stability. The application of this method to the alignment and fabrication of various types of LC displays is also discussed.
Paying Attention to Attention: Highlighting Influential Samples in\n Sequential Analysis (2018)

In (Yang et al. 2016), a hierarchical attention network (HAN) is created for\ndocument classification. The attention layer can be used to visualize text\ninfluential in classifying the document, thereby explaining the model's\nprediction. We successfully applied HAN to a sequential analysis task in the\nform of real-time monitoring of turn taking in conversations. However, we\ndiscovered instances where the attention weights were uniform at the stopping\npoint (indicating all turns were equivalently influential to the classifier),\npreventing meaningful visualization for real-time human review or classifier\nimprovement. We observed that attention weights for turns fluctuated as the\nconversations progressed, indicating turns had varying influence based on\nconversation state. Leveraging this observation, we develop a method to create\nmore informative real-time visuals (as confirmed by human reviewers) in cases\nof uniform attention weights using the changes in turn importance as a\nconversation progresses over time.\n
Advantages of Monodisperse and Chemically Robust “SpheriCal” Polyester Dendrimers as a “Universal” MS Calibrant (2013)

The utilization of dendrimer calibrants as an alternative to peptides and proteins for high mass calibration is explored. These synthetic macromolecules exhibited a number of attractive advantages, including exceptional shelf-lives, broad compatibility with a wide range of matrices and solvents, and evenly spaced calibration masses across the mass range examined, 700-30,000 u. The exceptional purity of these dendrimers and the technical simplicity of this calibration platform validate their broad relevance for high molecular weight mass spectrometry.
“Soft” oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene: Mechanistic insights from combined experiment and theory (2021)

The oxidative coupling of methane to ethylene using gaseous disulfur (2CH<sub>4</sub> + S<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>S) as an oxidant (SOCM) proceeds with promising selectivity. Here, we report detailed experimental and theoretical studies that examine the mechanism for the conversion of CH<sub>4</sub> to C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> over an Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-derived FeS<sub>2</sub> catalyst achieving a promising ethylene selectivity of 33%. We compare and contrast these results with those for the highly exothermic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) using O<sub>2</sub> (2CH<sub>4</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O). SOCM kinetic/mechanistic analysis, along with density functional theory results, indicate that ethylene is produced as a primary product of methane activation, proceeding predominantly via CH<sub>2</sub> coupling over dimeric S-S moieties that bridge Fe surface sites, and to a lesser degree, on heavily sulfided mononuclear sites. In contrast to and unlike OCM, the overoxidized CS<sub>2</sub> by-product forms predominantly via CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation, rather than from C<sub>2</sub> products, through a series of C-H activation and S-addition steps at adsorbed sulfur sites on the FeS<sub>2</sub> surface. The experimental rates for methane conversion are first order in both CH<sub>4</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>, consistent with the involvement of two S sites in the rate-determining methane C-H activation step, with a CD<sub>4</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> kinetic isotope effect of 1.78. The experimental apparent activation energy for methane conversion is 66 ± 8 kJ/mol, significantly lower than for CH<sub>4</sub> oxidative coupling with O<sub>2</sub> The computed methane activation barrier, rate orders, and kinetic isotope values are consistent with experiment. All evidence indicates that SOCM proceeds via a very different pathway than that of OCM.
On the resonance frequency of an ideal arbitrarily-shaped bubble (2014)

Large encapsulated bubbles have recently been described for use in abating low-frequency anthropogenic underwater noise [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 3325-3332 (2011)], and the use of encapsulation allows for the possibility of bubbles that are nonspherical in their equilibrium state. For the purpose of more accurately determining such bubbles' resonance frequencies, a lumped-element model of the linear oscillation of an ideal, arbitrarily shaped gas bubble in an incompressible liquid is presented. The corresponding boundary-value problem required to predict the resonance frequency of the bubble is seen to be equivalent to a classic problem in electrostatics [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 536-537 (1953)]. Predictions made for the resonance frequency of prolate and oblate spheroidal bubbles using this model are tested against a finite-element model of the full acoustic scattering problem. Particular attention is then paid to the case of an ideal toroidal bubble of arbitrary thickness, and predictions made for the resonance frequency of such a bubble using the lumped-element approach are compared to a finite-element model of the full acoustic scattering problem as well as to existing approximate models for the dynamics of thin toroidal bubbles. [Work supported by AdBm Technologies, LLC and the ARL:UT McKinney Fellowship in Acoustics.]
Study of motoring operation of in-wheel switched reluctance motor drives for electric vehicles (2009)

Author name used in this publication: X. D. Xue
Detecting Pathogenic Social Media Accounts without Content or Network Structure (2019)

The spread of harmful mis-information in social media is a pressing problem. We refer accounts that have the capability of spreading such information to viral proportions as "Pathogenic Social Media" accounts. These accounts include terrorist supporters accounts, water armies, and fake news writers. We introduce an unsupervised causality-based framework that also leverages label propagation. This approach identifies these users without using network structure, cascade path information, content and user's information. We show our approach obtains higher precision (0.75) in identifying Pathogenic Social Media accounts in comparison with random (precision of 0.11) and existing bot detection (precision of 0.16) methods.
Botnet protocol inference in the presence of encrypted traffic (2017)

Network protocol reverse engineering of botnet command and control (C&C) is a challenging task, which requires various manual steps and a significant amount of domain knowledge. Furthermore, most of today's C&C protocols are encrypted, which prevents any analysis on the traffic without first discovering the encryption algorithm and key. To address these challenges, we present an end-to-end system for automatically discovering the encryption algorithm and keys, generating a protocol specification for the C&C traffic, and crafting effective network signatures. In order to infer the encryption algorithm and key, we enhance state-of-the-art techniques to extract this information using lightweight binary analysis. In order to generate protocol specifications we infer field types purely by analyzing network traffic. We evaluate our approach on three prominent malware families: Sality, ZeroAccess and Ramnit. Our results are encouraging: the approach decrypts all three protocols, detects 97% of fields whose semantics are supported, and infers specifications that correctly align with real protocol specifications.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Examples, Counterexamples, and an Actionable Definition (2017)

It is not unusual for advances in science to run ahead of nomenclature for the discovered phenomena. However, in the case of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), research activity has been booming for more than a decade, and yet there is no agreed upon definition for the term. Different structural aspects of these materials are critically analyzed with examples and counterexamples to arrive at a definition of MOF that is both definite and consistent with common usage.
First Contact: 7-Phenyl-2-Aminoquinolines, Potent and Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors That Target an Isoform-Specific Aspartate (2020)

Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), an enzyme implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, is an attractive strategy for treating or preventing these diseases. We previously developed several classes of 2-aminoquinoline-based nNOS inhibitors, but these compounds had drawbacks including off-target promiscuity, low activity against human nNOS, and only modest selectivity for nNOS over related enzymes. In this study, we synthesized new nNOS inhibitors based on 7-phenyl-2-aminoquinoline and assayed them against rat and human nNOS, human eNOS, and murine and (in some cases) human iNOS. Compounds with a meta-relationship between the aminoquinoline and a positively charged tail moiety were potent and had up to nearly 900-fold selectivity for human nNOS over human eNOS. X-ray crystallography indicates that the amino groups of some compounds occupy a water-filled pocket surrounding an nNOS-specific aspartate residue (absent in eNOS). This interaction was confirmed by mutagenesis studies, making 7-phenyl-2-aminoquinolines the first aminoquinolines to interact with this residue.
Coating Thermoelectric Devices To Suppress Sublimation (2007)

A technique for suppressing sublimation of key elements from skutterudite compounds in advanced thermoelectric devices has been demonstrated. The essence of the technique is to cover what would otherwise be the exposed skutterudite surface of such a device with a thin, continuous film of a chemically and physically compatible metal. Although similar to other sublimation-suppression techniques, this technique has been specifically tailored for application to skutterudite antimonides. The primary cause of deterioration of most thermoelectric materials is thermal decomposition or sublimation - one or more elements sublime from the hot side of a thermoelectric couple, changing the stoichiometry of the device. Examples of elements that sublime from their respective thermoelectric materials are Ge from SiGe, Te from Pb/Te, and now Sb from skutterudite antimonides. The skutterudite antimonides of primary interest are CoSb3 [electron-donor (n) type] and CeFe(3-x)Co(x)Sb12 [electron-acceptor (p) type]. When these compounds are subjected to typical operating conditions [temperature of 700 C and pressure <10(exp -5) torr (0.0013 Pa)], Sb sublimes from their surfaces, with the result that Sb depletion layers form and advance toward their interiors. As the depletion layer advances in a given device, the change in stoichiometry diminishes the thermal-to-electric conversion efficiency of the device. The problem, then, is to prevent sublimation, or at least reduce it to an acceptably low level. In preparation for an experiment on suppression of sublimation, a specimen of CoSb3 was tightly wrapped in a foil of niobium, which was selected for its chemical stability. In the experiment, the wrapped specimen was heated to a temperature of 700 C in a vacuum of residual pressure <10(exp -5) torr (0.0013 Pa), then cooled and sectioned. Examination of the sectioned specimen revealed that no depletion layer had formed, indicating the niobium foil prevented sublimation of antimony at 700 C. This was a considerable improvement, considering that uncoated CoSb3 had been found to decompose to form the lowest antimonide at the surface at only 600 C. Evidently, because the mean free path of Sb at the given temperature and pressure was of the order of tens of centimeters, any barrier closer than tens of centimeters (as was the niobium foil) would have suppressed transport of Sb vapor, thereby suppressing sublimation of Sb
Womba: A Musical Instrument for an Unborn Child (2015)

This paper describes the motivation and process of developing a musical instrument for an unborn child. Well established research shows a fetus in the womb can respond to and benefit from stimuli from the outside world. A musical instrument designed for this unique context can leverage the power of this interaction. Two prototypes were constructed and tested during separate pregnancies and the experiences are presented, and the limitation of the sensor technology identified. We discuss our discoveries about design considerations and challenges for such an instrument, and project thought-provoking questions that arise from its potential applications.