gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Associated with Violent Tornadoes (1997)

Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning patterns were analyzed in 42 violent tornado-producing (F4, F5) supercells that occurred between January 1989 and November 1992. The purpose of this analysis was to identify potential correlations between CG lightning patterns and tornadogenesis. Lightning characteristics were analyzed for a 30-min period before, during, and 30 min after each tornado’s lifetime. Thirty-one of the storms were characterized by a peak in CG flash rate preceding tornado formation; 20 storms displayed a decrease in CG flash activity coincident with tornado touchdown. Six of the 42 storms exhibited a polarity reversal, from positive to negative, in the sign of the charge lowered to ground. Storms exhibiting a majority of positive flashes were generally associated with long-track tornadoes, F5 damage ratings, or severe weather outbreak conditions. The total number of flashes associated with each storm had no correlation with tornadogenesis (total number of flashes ranged from 16 to 3394). Based on this analysis, it appears that using CG lightning flash patterns exclusively to detect tornado formation is not practical. The amplitudes of the flash rate changes are too variable to be used as a prognostic tool. The flash rate trends do, however, suggest a recurring relationship to tornado formation. Therefore when used in conjunction with other operational tools, CG flash rate analysis may provide additional information useful in identifying changes in thunderstorm intensity.
Activity of the Ketolide Telithromycin Is Refractory to Erm Monomethylation of Bacterial rRNA (2002)

ABSTRACT Methylation of specific nucleotides in rRNA is one of the means by which bacteria achieve resistance to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B (MLS B ) and ketolide antibiotics. The degree of resistance is determined by how effectively the rRNA is methylated. We have implemented a bacterial system in which the rRNA methylations are defined, and in this study we investigate what effect Erm mono- and dimethylation of the rRNA has on the activity of representative MLS B and ketolide antibiotics. In the test system, >80% of the rRNA molecules are monomethylated by ErmN (TlrD) or dimethylated by ErmE. ErmE dimethylation confers high resistance to all the MLS B and ketolide drugs. ErmN monomethylation predictably confers high resistance to the lincosamides clindamycin and lincomycin, intermediate resistance to the macrolides clarithromycin and erythromycin, and low resistance to the streptogramin B pristinamycin IA. In contrast to the macrolides, monomethylation only mildly affects the antimicrobial activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (telithromycin) and HMR 3004, and these drugs remain 16 to 250 times as potent as clarithromycin and erythromycin. These differences in the macrolide and ketolide activities could explain the recent reports of variation in the MICs of telithromycin for streptococcal strains that have constitutive erm MLS B resistance and are highly resistant to erythromycin.
Identification of Human Motion Using Radar Sensor in an Indoor Environment (2021)

In this paper, we propose a method of identifying human motions, such as standing, walking, running, and crawling, using a millimeter wave radar sensor. In our method, two signal processing is performed in parallel to identify the human motions. First, the moment at which a person's motion changes is determined based on the statistical characteristics of the radar signal. Second, a deep learning-based classification algorithm is applied to determine what actions a person is taking. In each of the two signal processing, radar spectrograms containing the characteristics of the distance change over time are used as input. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method with radar sensor data acquired in an indoor environment. The proposed method can find the moment when the motion changes with an error rate of 3%, and also can classify the action that a person is taking with more than 95% accuracy.
Q-Graphplan: QoS-Aware Automatic Service Composition With the Extended Planning Graph (2020)

With the progress of web technologies, web services with abundant functionalities, such as video transmission, location, navigation, etc., are becoming more and more pervasive. Automatic web service composition aims to automatically combine selected elementary web services from a finite service set by matching the input and output parameters given an initial state and a goal state. Considering the end-to-end Quality-of-Service(QoS) of each web service, the service composition problem becomes an optimization problem to find the optimal solution. This paper maps this problem to an automatic planning problem and proposes Q-Graphplan based on the classical graphplan, an efficient planner for solving classical planning problems. First, we construct a planning graph based on the dependency relationships of the web services and extract essential heuristics according to the reachability analysis. Second, we convert this planning graph to a directed path generation graph. Finally, we extract the optimal solution from the path generation graph using a backward A* algorithm with the heuristics of the planning graph. Furthermore, our approach avoids redundancies when constructing the planning graph and improves the searching effectiveness in extracting solution. We conduct experiments on the WSC-2009 dataset to compare performance against present approaches, and the results show the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Temperature-Dependent Optical Absorption Properties of Monolayer-Protected Au<sub>25</sub> and Au<sub>38</sub> Clusters (2011)

The temperature dependence of electronic absorption is reported for quantum-sized monolayer-protected gold clusters (MPCs). The investigations were carried out on Au25L18 (L = SC6H13) and Au38L24 (L = SC2H4Ph) clusters, which show discrete absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared region at room temperature and with a decrease in temperature: (i) the optical absorption peaks become sharper with the appearance of vibronic structure, (ii) the absorption maximum is shifted to higher energies, and (iii) the oscillator strengths of transitions increased. Smaller temperature dependence of absorption is observed for plasmonic gold nanoparticles. The results of the band gap shifts are analyzed by incorporating electron–phonon interactions using the O’Donnell–Chen model. An average phonon energy of ∼400 cm–1 is determined, and is attributed to the phonons of semiring gold. The unique property of decreasing oscillator strength with increasing temperature is modeled in the Debye–Waller equation, which relates oscillator strength to the exciton–phonon interaction.
Co-Modeling and Co-Simulation of Package and On-Chip Decoupling Capacitor for Resonant Free Power/Ground Network Design (2005)

The co-modeling and co-simulation results about the package and on-chip power/ground network have been demonstrated. The inevitable parallel resonance peak, due to the inductive parasitic on the package and on-chip decoupling capacitor, was analyzed in frequency domain. Subsequently, the co-design procedure for the resonant free power/ground network was suggested and evaluated simply in frequency domain.
Multireflector Antennas (2006)

The paper presents dual band (2.4 GHz and 5.3 GHz) antenna design. Printed dipole with modified structure is used as an active element, frequency selective surfaces on dual parallel plates are used as reflectors and feeding and impedance matching is outlined. The design is made in IE3D (method of moments).
Array Multipliers for High Throughput in Xilinx FPGAs with 6-Input LUTs (2016)

Multiplication is the dominant operation for many applications implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Although most current FPGA families have embedded hard multipliers, soft multipliers using lookup tables (LUTs) in the logic fabric remain important. This paper presents a novel two-operand addition circuit (patent pending) that combines radix-4 partial-product generation with addition and shows how it can be used to implement two’s-complement array multipliers. The circuit is specific to modern Xilinx FPGAs that are based on a 6-input LUT architecture. Proposed pipelined multipliers use 42%–52% fewer LUTs, and some versions can be clocked up to 23% faster than delay-optimized LogiCORE IP multipliers. This allows 1.72–2.10-times as many multipliers to be implemented in the same logic fabric and potentially offers 1.86–2.58-times the throughput by increasing the clock frequency.
Enantiocontrolled synthesis of optically pure 5-trimethylsilyl- and 5-tributylstannyl-cyclohex-2-enones (1993)

Optically pure 5-trimethylsilyl- and 5-tributylstannyl-cyclohex-2-enones have been prepared efficiently in an enantiocontrolled manner starting from the common chiral precursor by employing a novel palladium-mediated elimination reaction as the key step.
Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs and Advanced Prostate Cancer Incidence in a Large U.S. Cohort (2007)

These results provide some support for the hypothesis that long-term statin use is associated with reduced risk of advanced prostate cancer.
Minimum-fuel aerodynamic orbital plane change maneuvers (1981)

Several minimum-fuel, aerodynamically controlled, orbital plane change problems are formulated and solved as optimal control problems. A gradient projection algorithm is used to iteratively modify both the control functions, angle of attack and bank angle, and two control parameters to obtain the optimal trajectory. The atmospheric flight profile is combined with two Keplerian (two-body vacuum flight) arcs so that a complete orbit-to-orbit analysis results. The vehicle used in this investigation is the Space Transportation System Shuttle Orbiter. The effects of heat load constraint level and plane change angle are analysed.
The regulatory protein GAL80 is a determinant of the chromatin structure of the yeast GAL1-10 control region. (1987)

Chromatin in the regions between the upstream activator sequence and the 5' ends of the yeast GAL1 and GAL10 genes has been analyzed by DNase I chromosomal footprinting and micrococcal nuclease digestion using the indirect end-labeling approach. Comparison of wild type chromatin digests to naked DNA digests shows that there are specific regions of these upstream sequences which are strongly protected in chromatin. Comparison to chromatin digests from cells disrupted for the positive regulatory gene, GAL4, or the negative regulatory gene, GAL80, and thus lacking GAL4 or GAL80 function, shows that these regions of protection in wild type chromatin are GAL80-dependent but not GAL4-dependent. The protected regions include DNA lying on (GAL10) or near (GAL1) the respective TATA boxes. These protections are present in both noninduced and induced cells. Both DNA strands are equally protected. Upstream of GAL1 there is a second protected region. This protection shows considerable expression and strand dependence. These observations provide the first evidence that the GAL80 function influences chromatin structure and suggest possible mechanisms by which GAL80 modulates the GAL1 and 10 promoters in induced cells. Micrococcal nuclease digests also suggest a role for GAL80 in a distinctive higher order organization of the intergenic region, perhaps involving multiprotein complexes.
Glucan synthesis in the genus Lactobacillus: isolation and characterization of glucansucrase genes, enzymes and glucan products from six different strains (2004)

Members of the genera Streptococcus and Leuconostoc synthesize various alpha-glucans (dextran, alternan and mutan). In Lactobacillus, until now, the only glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme that has been characterized is gtfA of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, the first GTF enzyme synthesizing a glucan (reuteran) that contains mainly alpha-(1-->4) linkages together with alpha-(1-->6) and alpha-(1-->4,6) linkages. Recently, partial sequences of glucansucrase genes were detected in other members of the genus Lactobacillus. This paper reports, for the first time, isolation and characterization of dextransucrase and mutansucrase genes and enzymes from various Lactobacillus species and the characterization of the glucan products synthesized, which mainly have alpha-(1-->6)- and alpha-(1-->3)-glucosidic linkages. The four GTF enzymes characterized from three different Lb. reuteri strains are highly similar at the amino acid level, and consequently their protein structures are very alike. Interestingly, these four Lb. reuteri GTFs have relatively large N-terminal variable regions, containing RDV repeats, and relatively short putative glucan-binding domains with conserved and less-conserved YG-repeating units. The three other GTF enzymes, isolated from Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus parabuchneri, contain smaller variable regions and larger putative glucan-binding domains compared to the Lb. reuteri GTF enzymes.
Computerized Endoscopic Surgical Grasper (1998)

We report a computerized endoscopic surgical grasper with computer control and a force feedback (haptic) user interface. The system uses standard unmodified grasper shafts and tips. The device can control grasping forces either by direct surgeon control, via teleoperation, or under software control. In this paper, we test an automated palpation function in which the grasper measures mechanical properties of the grasped tissue by applying a programmed series of squeezes. Experimental results show the ability to discriminate between the normal tissues of small bowel, lung, spleen, liver, colon, and stomach. We anticipate applications in telesurgery, clinical endoscopic surgery, surgical training, and research.
Quantitative Monitoring of Stearic Acid Monoalkanolamide Syntheses by HPLC (1986)

Abstract The application of a reversed-phase high per-formance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of various stearovl monoal-kanolamides is described. The base catalyzed ami-dation of methyl stearate with different monoalkan-olamines, during two hours at 100[ddot] C, is examined. In each case the amount of the monoalkanolamide formed is determined directly in the crude reaction product by isocratic elution with a ternary solvent system of tetrahydrofuran-acetonitrile-water at pH 2.6 (37.5:37.5:25v/v) followed by detection with a differential refractometer. The quantitative results indicate that under the present experimental conditions the monoalkanolamines used react with methyl stearate at different rates without significant fomation of byproducts.
Quantifying supercoiling-induced denaturation bubbles in DNA (2012)

In both eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA sequences of 30–100 base-pairs rich in AT base-pairs have been identified at which the double helix preferentially unwinds. Such DNA unwinding elements are commonly associated with origins for DNA replication and transcription, and with chromosomal matrix attachment regions. Here we present a quantitative study of local DNA unwinding based on extensive single DNA plasmid imaging. We demonstrate that long-lived single-stranded denaturation bubbles exist in negatively supercoiled DNA, at the expense of partial twist release. Remarkably, we observe a linear relation between the degree of supercoiling and the bubble size, in excellent agreement with statistical modelling. Furthermore, we obtain the full distribution of bubble sizes and the opening probabilities at varying salt and temperature conditions. The results presented herein underline the important role of denaturation bubbles in negatively supercoiled DNA for biological processes such as transcription and replication initiation in vivo.
Optimization and Limitations of Use of Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Functional and Phenotypic T-Cell Characterization (2009)

The goals of this study were to optimize processing methods of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for immunological assays, identify acceptance parameters for the use of cryopreserved PBMC for functional and phenotypic assays, and to define limitations of the information obtainable with cryopreserved PBMC. Blood samples from 104 volunteers (49 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 55 uninfected) were used to assess lymphocyte proliferation in response to tetanus, candida, and pokeweed-mitogen stimulation and to enumerate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and T-cell subpopulations by flow cytometry. We determined that slowly diluting the thawed PBMC significantly improved viable cell recovery, whereas the use of benzonase improved cell recovery only sometimes. Cell storage in liquid nitrogen for up to 15 months did not affect cell viability, recovery, or the results of lymphocyte proliferation assays (LPA) and flow cytometry assays. Storage at -70 degrees C for < or =3 weeks versus storage in liquid nitrogen before shipment on dry ice did not affect cell viability, recovery, or flow cytometric results. Storage at -70 degrees C was associated with slightly higher LPA results with pokeweed-mitogen but not with microbial antigens. Cell viability of 75% was the acceptance parameter for LPA. No other acceptance parameters were found for LPA or flow cytometry assay results for cryopreserved PBMC. Under optimized conditions, LPA and flow cytometry assay results for cryopreserved and fresh PBMC were highly correlated, with the exception of phenotypic assays that used CD45RO or CD62L markers, which seemed labile to freezing and thawing.
Next-Generation Sequencing — An Overview of the History, Tools, and “Omic” Applications (2016)

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies using DNA, RNA, or methylation sequencing have impacted enormously on the life sciences. NGS is the choice for large-scale genomic and transcriptomic sequencing because of the high-throughput production and outputs of sequencing data in the gigabase range per instrument run and the lower cost compared to the traditional Sanger first-generation sequencing method. The vast amounts of data generated by NGS have broadened our understanding of structural and functional genomics through the concepts of “omics” ranging from basic genomics to integrated systeomics, providing new insight into the workings and meaning of genetic conservation and diversity of living things. NGS today is more than ever about how different organisms use genetic information and molecular biology to survive and reproduce with and without mutations, disease, and diversity within their population networks and changing environments. In this chapter, the advances, applications, and challenges of NGS are reviewed starting with a history of first-generation sequencing followed by the major NGS platforms, the bioinformatics issues confronting NGS data storage and analysis, and the impacts made in the fields of genetics, biology, agriculture, and medicine in the brave, new world of ”omics.”
Our <i>guest</i> agents are welcome to your agent platforms (2002)

Multiagent applications will appear more and more in open, heterogeneous, evolving and distributed environments, such as the Internet. In order to run in such environments, agents will need to adapt themselves to new platforms and protocols. We propose a model of agents that are able to run, communicate and move between different multiagent platforms. This model is based on a middleware between such agents and platforms. It has been implemented on a kind of agents called Guest which can be used the same way regardless of what kind of servers they run on, notably, through tools such as a graphical management tool or a server launcher. Also, we provide a mechanism based on plug-ins that allows modification of basic agent behaviors like manipulation of messages, control of migration, etc. Lastly, we propose two kinds of dynamic agent hierarchies based on plug-ins or middleware.
Localization of BmpA on the Exposed Outer Membrane of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>by Monospecific Anti-Recombinant BmpA Rabbit Antibodies (2004)

BmpA (P39) is an immunodominant chromosomally encoded Borrelia burgdorferi protein. The potential strong cross-reactivity of anti-BmpA antibodies with the other members of this paralogous protein family and the previous use of antibodies whose reactivity to the other Bmp proteins was uncharacterized have resulted in continued controversy over its localization in B. burgdorferi. In an effort to provide a definitive demonstration of the localization of BmpA, rabbit antibodies raised to recombinant BmpA (rBmpA) were rendered monospecific by absorption with rBmpB. This reagent did not react with rBmpB, rBmpC, or rBmpD in dot immunobinding, detected only a single 39-kDa band and a single 39-kDa, pI 5.0 spot on one- and two-dimensional immunoblots of B. burgdorferi lysates, respectively, and immunoprecipitated a single 39-kDa protein from these lysates. It detected BmpA in the Triton X-114-soluble and -insoluble fractions of B. burgdorferi, suggesting association with both inner and outer bacterial cell membranes. Treatment of intact B. burgdorferi with proteinase K partially digested BmpA, consistent with a limited surface exposure on the outer bacterial membrane, a suggestion confirmed by immunofluorescence of unfixed B. burgdorferi cultured in vitro and in vivo. Anti-rBmpA antibody was bacteriostatic for B. burgdorferi B31 in culture, again suggesting localization of BmpA on the exposed spirochetal outer surface. Surface localization of BmpA, growth inhibition by anti-rBmpA antibodies, and the previously reported conservation of bmpA in different B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains may indicate that BmpA plays an essential role in B. burgdorferi biology.
An Easily Updated Map Model for Indoor Robot. (1992)

An essential task for a mobile robot is path planning. This paper introduces a new dynamical re presentation of 2-dimension environment for a mobile robot. The representation can be easily updated when environment is not completely known or is dynamically changing, and the task of path plan ping can be done easily with the representation.
Flow-induced shish-kebab precursor structures in entangled polymer melts (2005)

Flow-induced crystallization has long been an important subject in polymer processing. Varying processing conditions can produce different morphologies, which lead to different properties. Recent studies indicated that the final morphology is in fact dictated by the initial formation of crystallization precursor structures (i.e. shish-kebabs) under flow. In this article, factors that affect the shish-kebab formation in entangled polymer melts are systematically reviewed, including the concept of coil–stretch transition, chain dynamics, critical orientation molecular weight, phase transition during shish and kebab formations. In particular, recent experimental results from in situ rheo-X-ray studies and ex situ microscopic examinations have been presented to illustrate several new findings of flow-induced shish-kebab structures in polymer melts. (1) The shish entity consists of stretched chains (or chain segments) that can be in the amorphous, mesomorphic or crystalline state. (2) The kebab entity mainly arises from the crystallization of coiled chains (or chain segments), which seems to follow a diffusion-control growth process. (3) A shish-kebab structure with multiple shish was seen in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) precursor. Based on the above results and recent simulation work from other laboratories, a modified molecular mechanism for the shish-kebab formation in entangled melt is presented.