gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Slurry Ionic Salts at Dielectric Silica CMP (2004)

The effects of alkaline ionic salts on silica chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) have been studied. Particle size, zeta potential, and stability via turbidity tests have been characterized. Particle size and size distributions have been found to increase with ionic strength for three types of alkaline ionic salts due to the decrease in the magnitude of the zeta potential of silica slurry due to the addition of alkaline ionic salts. Slurry stability measured by turbidity tests showed two regimes of slurry stability (i.e., stable regime and unstable regime). For the stable slurry regime, the increase in ionic strength leads to an increase in friction force and material removal rate; however, for the unstable slurry regime, the addition of ionic salts results in a decrease in the measured friction force and material removal rate. Surface root-mean-square roughness and maximum depth of surface damage are shown to increase with particle size and size distribution. Investigation into the effect of ionic salts on the polishing mechanism reveals both a chemical and mechanical aspect to polishing silica wafers with silica slurries containing alkaline ionic salts. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Positive Allosteric Modulation of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor by Diverse Electrophiles (2016)

Therapeutic intervention to activate the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and improves energy balance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies investigating mechanisms whereby peptide ligands activate GLP-1R have utilized mutagenesis, receptor chimeras, photo-affinity labeling, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and crystallography of the ligand-binding ectodomain to establish receptor homology models. However, this has not enabled the design or discovery of drug-like non-peptide GLP-1R activators. Recently, studies investigating 4-(3-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-ethylsulfinyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (BETP), a GLP-1R-positive allosteric modulator, determined that Cys-347 in the GLP-1R is required for positive allosteric modulator activity via covalent modification. To advance small molecule activation of the GLP-1R, we characterized the insulinotropic mechanism of BETP. In guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding and INS1 832-3 insulinoma cell cAMP assays, BETP enhanced GLP-1(9-36)-NH2-stimulated cAMP signaling. Using isolated pancreatic islets, BETP potentiated insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner that requires both the peptide ligand and GLP-1R. In studies of the covalent mechanism, PAGE fluorography showed labeling of GLP-1R in immunoprecipitation experiments from GLP-1R-expressing cells incubated with [(3)H]BETP. Furthermore, we investigated whether other reported GLP-1R activators and compounds identified from screening campaigns modulate GLP-1R by covalent modification. Similar to BETP, several molecules were found to enhance GLP-1R signaling in a Cys-347-dependent manner. These chemotypes are electrophiles that react with GSH, and LC/MS determined the cysteine adducts formed upon conjugation. Together, our results suggest covalent modification may be used to stabilize the GLP-1R in an active conformation. Moreover, the findings provide pharmacological guidance for the discovery and characterization of small molecule GLP-1R ligands as possible therapeutics.
Japanese learners' SLA in responses to English negative interrogative sentences (1998)

論文・研究ノート
Building Data Mining Models in the Oracle 9i Environment (2003)

Data Mining (DM) is a very crucial issue in knowledge discovery processes. The basic facilities to create data mining models were implemented successfully on Oracle 9i as the extension of the database server. DM tools enable developers to create Business Intelligence (BI) applications. As a result Data Mining models can be used as support of knowledge-based management. The main goal of the paper is to present new features of the Oracle platform in building and testing DM models. Authors characterize methods of building and testing Data Mining models available on the Oracle 9i platform, stressing the critical steps of the whole process and presenting examples of practical usage of DM models. Verification techniques of the generated knowledge bases are discussed in the mentioned environment.
Synthesis and characterization of copolymers of aniline and thiophene (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of copolymers of aniline and thiopheneDavid W. Polis, C. L. Young, M. R. McLean, and L. R. DaltonCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 13, 3231–3236Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00215a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00215a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EPICON consensus: Recommendations for proper management of switching to eslicarbazepine acetate in epilepsy (2017)

The EPICON Project offers a set of recommendations about the clinical management of switching from CBZ or OXC to ESL, using the Delphi method.
Performance Analysis of State-of-the-Art CNN Architectures for LUNA16 (2022)

The convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a powerful tool in machine learning (ML) that is used to solve complex problems such as image recognition, natural language processing, and video analysis. Notably, the idea of exploring convolutional neural network architecture has gained substantial attention as well as popularity. This study focuses on the intrinsic various CNN architectures: LeNet, AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet-50, and Inception-V1, which have been scrutinized and compared with each other for the detection of lung cancer using publicly available LUNA16 datasets. Furthermore, multiple performance optimizers: root mean square propagation (RMSProp), adaptive moment estimation (Adam), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD), were applied for this comparative study. The performances of the three CNN architectures were measured for accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, false omission rate, negative predictive value, and F1 score. The experimental results showed that the CNN AlexNet architecture with the SGD optimizer achieved the highest validation accuracy for CT lung cancer with an accuracy of 97.42%, misclassification rate of 2.58%, 97.58% sensitivity, 97.25% specificity, 97.58% positive predictive value, 97.25% negative predictive value, false omission rate of 2.75%, and F1 score of 97.58%. AlexNet with the SGD optimizer was the best and outperformed compared to the other state-of-the-art CNN architectures.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine-2,4(1<i>H</i>,3<i>H</i>)-diones (2003)

We report a novel, and versatile solid-phase synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones starting from the polymer-bound pyrimidine 3. The key step is based on the reaction of the support-bound pyrimidine 3 with isocyanates 4, involving formation of a carbamate intermediate, followed by a base-catalysed intramolecular ring closure, to give polymer-bound 3-monosubstituted 1H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones 5. At this stage, subsequent treatment with alkyl halides 6 lead to 1,3-disubstituted 2H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione intermediates 7, which after oxidation and cleavage with various amines 8 gave 1,3-disubstituted 7-amino-2H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones 9 in moderate yields and high purity.
Semi-supervised time series classification (2006)

The problem of time series classification has attracted great interest in the last decade. However current research assumes the existence of large amounts of labeled training data. In reality, such data may be very difficult or expensive to obtain. For example, it may require the time and expertise of cardiologists, space launch technicians, or other domain specialists. As in many other domains, there are often copious amounts of unlabeled data available. For example, the PhysioBank archive contains gigabytes of ECG data. In this work we propose a semi-supervised technique for building time series classifiers. While such algorithms are well known in text domains, we will show that special considerations must be made to make them both efficient and effective for the time series domain. We evaluate our work with a comprehensive set of experiments on diverse data sources including electrocardiograms, handwritten documents, and video datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach requires only a handful of labeled examples to construct accurate classifiers.
Synthetic Strategy for Low-Band Gap Oligomers and Homopolymers Using Characteristics of Thiophene-Fused Boron Dipyrromethene (2014)

In this article, we demonstrate the strategy for receiving low-band gap conjugated polymers based on thiophene-fused boron dipyrromethene (TB) with homopolymer structure. A series of TB-based polymers and oligomers with low band gaps were synthesized by oxidation coupling. The obtained polymers and their oligomers exhibited strong absorption in the range from visible to near-infrared region around 400–2000 nm (ε = 168 000–26 000 M–1 cm–1) originated from efficient expansion of main-chain conjugations. From the results of cyclic voltammetry, it was revealed that the TB derivatives have low-lying HOMOs and LUMOs. Furthermore, the TB derivatives showed high stability in atmosphere.
Clinical Efficacy of sildenafil Citrate and Predictors of Long-term Response (2003)

SC remains a highly effective and durable oral agent for erectile dysfunction. Improved sexual function and sexual satisfaction were well maintained 2.5 years following the initiation of SC therapy, especially in patients with vasculogenic or psychogenic etiologies of erectile dysfunction. Patients who discontinued SC reported significantly decreased sexual function than their counterparts but under used alternative therapies to improve erectile dysfunction.
Structure of an MmyB-Like Regulator from C. aurantiacus, Member of a New Transcription Factor Family Linked to Antibiotic Metabolism in Actinomycetes (2012)

Actinomycetes are important bacterial sources of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites. Many antibiotic gene clusters are controlled by pathway-specific activators that act in response to growth conditions. Here we present the crystal structure of an MmyB-like transcription regulator MltR (PDB code 3pxp) (Caur_2278) from Chloroflexus aurantiacus, in complex with a fatty acid (myristic acid). MltR is a distant homolog of the methylenomycin activator MmyB and consists of an Xre-type N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding module that is related to the Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain. This structure has enabled identification of a new family of bacterial transcription factors that are distributed predominantly in actinomycetes. Bioinformatics analysis of MltR and other characterized family members suggest that they are likely associated with antibiotic and fatty acid metabolism in actinomycetes. Streptomyces coelicolor SCO4944 is a candidate as an ancestral member of the family. Its ortholog in S. griseus, SGR_6891, is induced by A-factor, a γ-butyrolactone that controls antibiotic production and development, and is adjacent to the A-factor synthase gen, afsA. The location of mltR/mmyB homologs, in particular those adjacent to less well-studied antibiotic-related genes, makes them interesting genetic markers for identifying new antibiotic genes. A model for signal-triggered DNA-binding by MltR is proposed.
International Primary Aluminium Institute (IPAI) (1983)

Abstract The IPAI is a powerful but little known actor in the international aluminium industry. Raw Materials Report made this interview with Peter Martyn, Secretary General of IPAI to find out more on the policies of the organization.
Articulated body posture estimation from multi-camera voxel data (2005)

We present a framework for articulated body model acquisition and tracking from voxel data. A 3D voxel reconstruction of the person's body is computed from silhouettes extracted from four cameras. The model acquisition process is fully automated. In the first frame, body parts are located sequentially. The head is located first, since its shape and size are unique and stable. Other parts are found by sequential template growing and fitting. This initial estimate of body part locations, sizes and orientations is then used as a measurement for the extended Kalman filter which ensures a valid articulated body model. The same filter, with a slightly modified state and state transition matrix, is then used for tracking. The performance of the system has been evaluated on several video sequences with promising results.
Micromechanics Model to Describe Strain Behavior of Concrete in Freezing Process (2007)

On the basis of micromechanics consideration of frost damage, a theoretical model to describe the freeze-induced strain behavior of porous materials such as concrete is presented. The model is derived from the thermodynamic equilibrium condition. Fundamental equations are derived on the microscopic level where temperature-induced phase transitions and the resulting mass transfer within the pore structure are taken into consideration. The local deformation obtained from the microscopic considerations around pores is then averaged to evaluate the nominal strain on a macroscopic level. Components of the macroscopic deformation in the presented model are the thermal strain, the expansion due to the internal pressure caused by the phase transition, the smeared cracking strain due to accumulation of microcracks, and the shrinkage due to the mass transfer caused by the microice-lens mechanism. Experimental studies are carried out with mortar specimens of three different mix proportions. The theoretical prediction is then compared with the experimental results and a good agreement is obtained.
Targeted Ablation of Periostin-Expressing Activated Fibroblasts Prevents Adverse Cardiac Remodeling in Mice (2016)

Modulation of the activated CF population is a promising approach to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling in response to angiotensin II and after myocardial infarction.
La descripción espinorial del espacio-tiempo de Penrose y Rindler (2019)

espanolEn la obra monumental de Roger Penrose y Wolfgang Rindler se discute sobre la naturaleza del espacio-tiempo de Einstein en terminos de elementos mas sencillos, los cuales forman un espacio vectorial bidimensional sobre el campo de los numeros complejos, Elie Cartan los llamo espinores. Es interesante ver como las propiedades geometricas de las variedades riemannianas como las que describen el campo de gravedad pueden ser analizadas desde un punto de vista tan sencillo y fundamental, este tratamiento ya habia sido estudiado en la mecanica cuantica primigenia EnglishThe monumental work written by Roger Penrose and Wolfgang Rindler discusses the nature of Einstein’s space-time in terms of simpler elements, which form a two-dimensional vector space on the field of complex numbers, Elie Cartan call them spinors. It is interesting to see how the geometric properties of the Riemannian manifolds such as those that describe a field of gravity can be analyzed from such a simple and fundamental point of view, that it had already been studied in primitive quantum mechanics.
Mechanics of Bond and Interface Shear Transfer in Optical Fiber Sensors (1998)

Optical fiber sensors are emerging as a superior nondestructive means for condition evaluation of civil structures. The ability of an optical fiber sensor to monitor strain distribution in a structural material depends on the bonding characteristics between the material and the optical fiber. The strain field transferred from the structure to the optical fiber sensor generates changes in the characteristics of the light signal transmitted by the glass core of the optical fiber. Transduction of this signal will provide a means for measurement of strain. However, the mechanical properties of the protective coatings employed in conjunction with optical fibers alter the strain transduction capabilities of the sensor. A portion of the strain is absorbed by the protective coating of the optical fiber, and hence, only a segment of structural strain is sensed. In the study reported here, a model is introduced and tested through which it is possible to interpret the actual level of structural strains from the values measured by an optical fiber sensor. A number of realistic assumptions were introduced to simplify the development of the mathematical rigor. It was determined that the strain transfer characteristics of optical fibers depend on the mechanical properties of the glass core, the protective coating, and the gauge length of the optical fiber. Mathematical expressions are developed through which it is possible to describe the level of strain loss within the protective coating, and the amount transferred to the optical fiber core. The theoretical findings were verified through a series of experiments involving white light interferometry. The investigation encompassed repeated experiments with a range of fiber sensor gauge lengths. The experimental program included evaluation of strain transfer capabilities of coated as well as bare fibers.
Prehension Synergies (2004)

The precision grip requires the control of the normal and tangential forces exerted by the fingers as well as the control of the rotational equilibrium of the grasped object. Prehension synergies involve the conjoint changes in finger forces and moments during multifinger gripping tasks. Some of these adjustments are dictated by mechanics, whereas others are the result of a choice by the performer.
Syllable-Based Sequence-to-Sequence Speech Recognition with the Transformer in Mandarin Chinese (2018)

Sequence-to-sequence attention-based models have recently shown very promising results on automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks, which integrate an acoustic, pronunciation and language model into a single neural network. In these models, the Transformer, a new sequence-to-sequence attention-based model relying entirely on self-attention without using RNNs or convolutions, achieves a new single-model state-of-the-art BLEU on neural machine translation (NMT) tasks. Since the outstanding performance of the Transformer, we extend it to speech and concentrate on it as the basic architecture of sequence-to-sequence attention-based model on Mandarin Chinese ASR tasks. Furthermore, we investigate a comparison between syllable based model and context-independent phoneme (CI-phoneme) based model with the Transformer in Mandarin Chinese. Additionally, a greedy cascading decoder with the Transformer is proposed for mapping CI-phoneme sequences and syllable sequences into word sequences. Experiments on HKUST datasets demonstrate that syllable based model with the Transformer performs better than CI-phoneme based counterpart, and achieves a character error rate (CER) of \emph{$28.77\%$}, which is competitive to the state-of-the-art CER of $28.0\%$ by the joint CTC-attention based encoder-decoder network.
Interactive Image Segmentation via Backpropagating Refinement Scheme (2019)

An interactive image segmentation algorithm, which accepts user-annotations about a target object and the background, is proposed in this work. We convert user-annotations into interaction maps by measuring distances of each pixel to the annotated locations. Then, we perform the forward pass in a convolutional neural network, which outputs an initial segmentation map. However, the user-annotated locations can be mislabeled in the initial result. Therefore, we develop the backpropagating refinement scheme (BRS), which corrects the mislabeled pixels. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms on four challenging datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generality and applicability of BRS in other computer vision tasks, by transforming existing convolutional neural networks into user-interactive ones.
P420 A randomised, observer-blinded phase Ib multiple, ascending dose study of UTTR1147A, an IL-22Fc fusion protein, in healthy volunteers and ulcerative colitis patients (2020)

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by gut dysbiosis, weakened epithelial barrier, and a dysregulated immune system. Interleukin-22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family cytokine, has demonstrated efficacy in animal IBD models by promoting intestinal epithelial repair, increasing antimicrobial peptide production, and increasing mucin production via goblet cells1. UTTR1147A is a fusion protein in which IL-22 is linked with the Fc portion of IgG4 to improve the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. Methods A phase I study (NCT02749630) was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, PK, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of repeat IV dosing of UTTR1147A in healthy volunteers (HV) and UC patients with centrally read Mayo endoscopic score ≥ 2. 38 HVs and 24 UC patients were given UTTR1147A or placebo at doses ranging from 30 to 90 µg/kg either biweekly or monthly (6:2 UTTR1147A: placebo per cohort). PK and serum PD (REG3A and CRP) were studied across multiple time points and the Mayo Clinic Score was evaluated at baseline, day 30 and day 85. Results Overall, UTTR1147A was safe and adequately tolerated in HV and UC patients. The most common adverse events were on-target dermatological effects (dry skin, erythema, and pruritus) that were manageable, monitorable and reversible. Dose-limiting non-serious dermatological toxicities (severe dry skin, erythema, exfoliation, and discomfort) were seen in two HVs and 1 UC patient dosed with 90ug/kg Q2wk. There were 2 unrelated serious adverse events (ankle fracture and cytomegalovirus infection) that eventually resolved. PK analyses showed that UTTR1147A exposures were, in general, dose proportional within HVs and within UC patients, with a mean elimination half-life of ~16 days and ~12 days, respectively. At the same dose level, UC patients showed relatively lower drug exposures than HVs, possibly due to faster drug clearance. Consistent with the Phase Ia2, UTTR1147A directly induced production of serum PD biomarkers REG3A and CRP at all dose cohorts tested compared with placebo. Notably, UC patients appear to have attenuated serum PD responses compared with HV. Clinical response was observed in 7/18 patients, and clinical remission in 5/18 patients treated with UTTR1147A compared with 1/6 and 0/6 placebo patients, respectively. Conclusion UTTR1147A demonstrated adequate safety and PK profile in healthy volunteers and UC patients. PD biomarker data demonstrated pharmacological activity of UTTR1147A providing evidence of IL-22R pathway activation. Together with the preliminary signals of efficacy, these data support further investigation of this potential, novel non-immunosuppressive therapy in IBD.