gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemically Modified Microelectrode Arrays: New Kinds of Electronic Devices (2026)

Modification of closely spaced (~1.5 pm) microelectrodes (~2.5 pm wide x 50 pm long x 0.1 pm high) with electroactive materials gives rise to a variety of new kinds of "electronic devices". Surface modification of microelectrode arrays with metal oxides, e.g. W03, conventional redox polymers, e.g. viologen-based polymers, and so-called conducting redox polymers, e.g. poly(3-methylthiophene), allows demonstration of a variety of microelectrochemical "transistors" having properties that depend on the electroactive material. While the response time of such devices is slow by solid state electronics standards, chemically sensitive transistors can be envisioned as sensitive, specific sensors. Solid state microelectrochemical devices can be made that involve the use of ionic conducting polymers as the "solvent"/ electrolyte system. Solid state microelectrochemical transistors can be designed to be sensitive to certain gases.
Assessing blood coagulation status with laser speckle rheology (2014)

We have developed and investigated a novel optical approach, Laser Speckle Rheology (LSR), to evaluate a patient's coagulation status by measuring the viscoelastic properties of blood during coagulation. In LSR, a blood sample is illuminated with laser light and temporal speckle intensity fluctuations are measured using a high-speed CMOS camera. During blood coagulation, changes in the viscoelastic properties of the clot restrict Brownian displacements of light scattering centers within the sample, altering the rate of speckle intensity fluctuations. As a result, blood coagulation status can be measured by relating the time scale of speckle intensity fluctuations with clinically relevant coagulation metrics including clotting time and fibrinogen content. Our results report a close correlation between coagulation metrics measured using LSR and conventional coagulation results of activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and functional fibrinogen levels, creating the unique opportunity to evaluate a patient's coagulation status in real-time at the point of care.
Adaptation Of A Parallel Architecture Computer To Phase Shifted Moire Interferometry (1987)

Even though moire interferometry techniques have been around for some time now, they have not been implemented in very many machine vision applications. To date, the main draw back of moire interferometry has been the difficulty associated with the processing of the image. The processing time can range from several minutes to hours. This paper will concern itself with work to reduce the processing time to near frame rate speeds by using a vision flow type architecture vision system. Phase shifted moire is a full-field technique of mapping three dimensional information into two dimensional space. Unlike conventional moire interferometry, there is no ambiguity as to the sign of the z (depth) coordinate and there are no fringe centers to be located or fringe mapping to be done. Phase shifting naturally filters out noise in the image, and can even provide contrast information that can help determine if the data at a given point is good. Being a full-field technique, phase shifted moire interferometry produces a data rich set of three dimensional coordinates for all points on an object surface. By its nature, full-field data analysis is necessarily a computational intensive task. Traditionally, several images are acquired and stored away to later be processed in a serial fashion. By capturing and processing the images with a massively parallel vision engine, the total time required to process the data can be reduced significantly.
Carbon Capture by a Continuous, Regenerative Ammonia-Based Scrubbing Process (2006)

Overview: To develop a knowledge/data base to determine whether an ammonia-based scrubbing process is a viable regenerable-capture technique that can simultaneously remove carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxides, and trace pollutants from flue gas.
Isolation and Structure of the Human Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Cyclodepsipeptide Dolastatin 16<sup>,</sup><sup>,1</sup> (1997)

An investigation of the sea hare Dolabella auricularia from Papua New Guinea has led to discovery of the new cyclodepsipeptide dolastatin 16 (3) containing two new amino acid units designated dolamethylleuine (Dml) and dolaphenvaline (Dpv). The structural elucidation was achieved by means of high-field (500 MHz) NMR and tandem MS/MS mass spectral interpretations and allowed the assignment of cyclo-(Pro-Dpv-Pro-Dml-O-Lac-Pro-O-Hiv-MeVal). The new depsipeptide exhibited strong inhibition of growth against a variety of human cancer cell lines.
A Non-Isolated Hybrid-Modular DC-DC Converter for DC Grids: Small-Signal Modeling and Control (2019)

This paper presents small-signal modeling, stability analysis, and controller design of a non-isolated bidirectional hybrid-modular DC-DC Converter for DC grid applications. The DC-DC converter can be used to interconnect two different DC voltage levels in a medium-/high-voltage DC grid. Half-bridge Sub-Modules (SMs) and a high-voltage valve are the main components of the converter. The high-voltage valve can be implemented via employing series-connected Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs). Operation with zero voltage switching of the involved high-voltage valve is feasible, i.e., there is no concern pertinent to dynamic voltage sharing among the series-connected IGBTs. The power is transferred from one side to another through the involved SMs, where their capacitors are connected in series across the high-voltage side, while they are connected sequentially across the low-voltage side. In this paper, the state-space averaging technique is employed to derive the small-signal model of the presented converter for controller design. Closed-form expression of the duty cycle-to-inductor current transfer function is extracted. Comparison between simulation results of the small-signal model and the detailed circuit model is presented to authenticate the accuracy of the derived small-signal model. Finally, a scaled-down prototype is used to verify the accuracy of the small-signal model.
Freeform wave-guiding and tunable frequency splitting in isotropic disordered photonic band gap materials (2012)

Using a new class of isotropic disordered photonic bandgap material, we demonstrate freeform photonics waveguides with arbitrary shapes and multi-channel frequency splitters with versatile tuning abilities, useful for signal processing and all-optical circuit applications.
Jump-Stay Rendezvous Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks (2012)

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have emerged as advanced and promising paradigm to exploit the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. It is crucial for users in CRNs to search for neighbors via rendezvous process and thereby establish the communication links to exchange the information necessary for spectrum management and channel contention, etc. This paper focuses on the design of algorithms for blind rendezvous, i.e., rendezvous without using any centralized controller and common control channel (CCC). We propose a jump-stay channel-hopping (CH) algorithm for blind rendezvous. The basic idea is to generate CH sequence in rounds and each round consists of a jump-pattern and a stay-pattern. Users “jump” on available channels in the jump-pattern while “stay” on a specific channel in the stay-pattern. We prove that two users can achieve rendezvous in one of four possible pattern combinations: jump-stay, stay-jump, jump-jump, and stay-stay. Compared with the existing CH algorithms, our algorithm has the overall best performance in various scenarios and is applicable to rendezvous of multiuser and multihop scenarios. We derive upper bounds on the maximum time-to-rendezvous (TTR) and the expected TTR of our algorithm for both 2-user and multiuser scenarios (shown in Table 1). Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of our algorithm.
Magnetic properties of epitaxial ferrite multilayer films (1996)

We have fabricated and studied the structure and magnetic properties of high quality single crystalline (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 films. Although (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 and NiFe2O4 films grown directly on SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 show mediocre structural and magnetic properties, these same films grown on SrTiO3 and MgAl2O4 buffered with CoCr2O4 or NiMn2O4 exhibit excellent crystallinity and bulk saturation magnetization values, thus indicating the importance of lattice match and structural similarity between the film and the underlying layer. X ray, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis provide a consistent picture of the structural properties of these ferrite films.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium Complexes [(NHC)Pd(acac)Cl]: Improved Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Large‐Scale Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2007)

Abstract From two commercially available starting materials, improved one‐step, multigram‐scale syntheses of [(IPr)Pd(acac)Cl] [IPr= N , N′ ‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene; acac=acetylacetonate] and [(IMes)Pd(acac)Cl] [IMes= N , N′ ‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene] are described. The catalytic activity of both complexes in cross‐coupling reactions has been examined. The most active pre‐catalyst, [(IPr)Pd(acac)Cl], has allowed for efficient large‐scale (10 mmol) Buchwald–Hartwig and α‐ketone arylation reactions to be carried out.
Interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy (ISVS) for human cerebral blood flow monitoring (2020)

Infrared light scattering methods have been developed and employed to non-invasively monitor human cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the number of reflected photons that interact with the brain is low when detecting blood flow in deep tissue. To tackle this photon-starved problem, we present and demonstrate the idea of interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy (ISVS). In ISVS, an interferometric detection scheme is used to boost the weak signal light. The blood flow dynamics are inferred from the speckle statistics of a single frame speckle pattern. We experimentally demonstrated the improvement in the measurement of fidelity by introducing interferometric detection when the signal photon number is low. We apply the ISVS system to monitor the human CBF in situations where the light intensity is ∼100-fold less than that in common diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) implementations. Due to the large number of pixels (∼2 × 105) used to capture light in the ISVS system, we are able to collect a similar number of photons within one exposure time as in normal DCS implementations. Our system operates at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. At the exposure time of 2 ms, the average signal photoelectron number is ∼0.95 count/pixel, yielding a single pixel interferometric measurement signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of ∼0.97. The total ∼2 × 105 pixels provide an expected overall SNR of 436. We successfully demonstrate that the ISVS system is able to monitor the human brain pulsatile blood flow, as well as the blood flow change when a human subject is doing a breath-holding task.
Emerging Clinical Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography (2002)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging noninvasive imaging technique that provides microscopic tomographic sectioning of biological samples. By measuring backscattered light as a function of depth, OCT fills a valuable niche in imaging of tissue microstructure, providing subsurface imaging with high spatial resolution (on the order of ten micrometers) in three dimensions and high sensitivity in vivo with no contact needed between the probe and the tissue.
The fabrication and modelling of non-silica microstructured optical fibres (2002)

We present for the first time a non-silica microstructured optical fibre designed to guide light at 5 /spl mu/m using gallium lanthanum sulphide glass. We present the results of optical modelling of the structure as well as a discussion on possible applications.
Core protein cleavage by signal peptide peptidase is required for hepatitis C virus-like particle assembly (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein, expressed with a Semliki Forest virus replicon, self-assembles into HCV-like particles (HCV-LP) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, providing an opportunity to study HCV assembly and morphogenesis by electron microscopy. This model was used to investigate whether the processing of the HCV core protein by the signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is required for the HCV-LP assembly. Several mutants were designed as there are conflicting reports concerning the cleavage of mutant proteins by SPP. Production of the only core mutant protein that escaped SPP processing led to the formation of multiple layers of electron-dense ER membrane, with no evidence of HCV-LP assembly. These data shed light on the HCV core residues involved in SPP cleavage and suggest that this cleavage is essential for HCV assembly.
Early Detection of Potential Induced Degradation by Measurement of the Forward DC Resistance in Crystalline PV Cells (2019)

Potential induced degradation (PID) is still a serious threat for the photovoltaic (PV) industry and it is expected to aggravate due to the tendency to increase the operating voltage of PV systems. Therefore, a method which can detect PID at an infant stage is necessary in order to increase the reliability of PV systems and preserve their lifetime. This paper provides a pathway (proof of concept) for the early and reliable detection of PID, by using the forward dc resistance (FDCR) of a PV cell since it is a parameter, which is affected by the cell's shunt resistance ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sh</sub> ), which in turn is heavily affected by PID before any significant power loss occurs, and could act as a PID detection mechanism. The paper presents simulation results, which examine at which forward bias conditions the FDCR has to be measured for the purpose of using it as a PID detection means at an early stage (<1% power loss). The simulation examined the FDCR variation with shunt resistance, reverse dark saturation current ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ), and ideality factor ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> ). Furthermore, an experiment was performed to verify the simulation results, demonstrating detection before 2% power loss occurs.
Unsupervised Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarization using the Cross Entropy Method (2017)

We present a novel unsupervised query-focused multi-document summarization approach. To this end, we generate a summary by extracting a subset of sentences using the Cross-Entropy (CE) Method. The proposed approach is generic and requires no domain knowledge. Using an evaluation over DUC 2005-2007 datasets with several other state-of-the-art baseline methods, we demonstrate that, our approach is both effective and efficient.
Note: Fabrication of resolution target for super-resolution microscopy (2015)

We fabricated a resolution target for super-resolution microscopes (SRMs). The target was constructed by scattering a dyed photo-resist on a glass cover plate and used UV nano-imprinting to transfer minute line-and-space patterns on to the photo-resist layer. Using this resolution target, an image obtained from a SRM and its properties was evaluated quantitatively.
Internal Stress Monitoring of In-Service Structural Steel Members with Ultrasonic Method (2016)

Internal stress in structural steel members is an important parameter for steel structures in their design, construction, and service stages. However, it is hard to measure via traditional approaches. Among the existing non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, the ultrasonic method has received the most research attention. Longitudinal critically refracted (Lcr) waves, which propagate parallel to the surface of the material within an effective depth, have shown great potential as an effective stress measurement approach. This paper presents a systematic non-destructive evaluation method to determine the internal stress in in-service structural steel members using Lcr waves. Based on theory of acoustoelasticity, a stress evaluation formula is derived. Factor of stress to acoustic time difference is used to describe the relationship between stress and measurable acoustic results. A testing facility is developed and used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Two steel members are measured by using the proposed method and the traditional strain gauge method for verification. Parametric studies are performed on three steel members and the aluminum plate to investigate the factors that influence the testing results. The results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate for determining stress in in-service structural steel members.
Infrared lenses using a novel infrared transmitting glass (2021)

New chalcogenide glass (FI-02) has been developed successfully, with its most effective feature being its infrared (IR) transmittance. FI-02 can transmit up to 20-μm wavelengths of IR light and has a very wide transmittance spectrum in the IR region as compared to the germanium single crystal and conventional chalcogenide glass. Its excellent transmission property is expected to improve the brightness and clarity of IR images. In addition, FI-02 has a high refractive index of 3.47 (at a wavelength of 10 μm). This is the highest refractive index among glass materials, thus enabling the fabrication of thin and high-performance IR lenses. Furthermore, unlike crystal materials, FI-02 can be processed through press molding. This enables to make high performance lens with high productivity. To investigate the performance of FI-02 as an IR lens material, we made two types of IR lens units: focal length (FL) 10.5 mm (standard type) and FL 2.04 mm (super wide-angle type). In the standard lens unit, IR images were captured with better contrast as compared to those captured using the germanium or conventional chalcogenide glass lenses. This could be attributed to the good IR transmission property of FI-02. In the super wide-angle type, IR images were captured that were wider and less distorted as compared to those of the typical wide-angle IR lens unit. This was attributed to the advantage of the high refractive index of FI-02 and its ability to form aspherical shapes through press molding.
Optimization Model for the Long-Term Operation of an Interprovincial Hydropower Plant Incorporating Peak Shaving Demands (2020)

The increasing peak-to-valley load difference in China pose a challenge to long-distance and large-capacity hydropower transmission via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) lines. Considering the peak shaving demands of load centers, an optimization model that maximizes the expected power generation revenue is proposed here for the long-term operation of an interprovincial hydropower plant. A simulation-based method was utilized to explore the relationships between long-term power generation and short-term peak shaving revenue in the model. This method generated representative daily load scenarios via cluster analysis and approximated the real-time electricity price of each load profile with the time-of-use price strategy. A mixed-integer linear programming model with HVDC transmission constraints was then established to obtain moving average (MA) price curves that bridged two time-coupled operations. The MA price curves were finally incorporated into the long-term optimization model to determine monthly generation schedules, and the inflow uncertainty was addressed by discretized inflow scenarios. The proposed model was evaluated based on the operation of the Xiluodu hydropower system in China during the drawdown season. The results revealed a trade-off between long-term energy production and short-term peak shaving revenue, and they demonstrated the revenue potential of interprovincial hydropower transmission while meeting peak shaving demands. A comparison with other long-term optimization methods demonstrated the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed model in maximizing power generation revenue.
Regioselective functionalization of glycerol with a dithiocarbamate moiety: an environmentally friendly route to safer fungicides (2011)

We report here a convenient pathway for the direct functionalization of glycerol with a dithiocarbamate moiety. This work opens up a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly route to safer fungicides. It should be noted that whereas functionalization of glycerol usually suffers from a lack of selectivity, we show here that our process is fully regioselective.
Object Oriented Policy Conflict Checking Framework in Cloud Networks (OOPC) (2021)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) provides a programmable framework for multi-tenant cloud network management and orchestration. The end-to-end packet processing induced by virtual network functions (VNFs) like stateless firewall, load balancer, intrusion detection, and prevention system (IDPS) in a network involves the processing of network traffic through security policies matching the traffic pattern defined in security rules of individual VNF. The conflicting rules in terms of traffic match and conflicting actions can lead to a) violation of security requirements (authentication and authorization bypass) b) mission requirements - the presence of redundant rules (increased latency, reduced throughput). We present a new object-oriented policy conflict detection and resolution framework (OOPC), which analyzes the rule dependency relationships between the rules of heterogeneous virtual network functions (VNFs) and creates a VNF-Graph. The rules are analyzed using object-oriented dependencies between the address space and actions of VNF rules. OOPC utilizes a compact VNF-Graph, which leads to a reduction in search complexity when analyzing new security policies. Our security policy composition in our framework OOPC achieves 37 percent lower latency in policy graph composition than previous work. The proposed solution performs 20 percent faster security policy conflict detection on a cloud network with 60k OpenFlow rules than prior frameworks that serve a similar purpose.
An Enhanced Approach to Cloud-based Privacy-preserving Benchmarking (Long Version) (2018)

Benchmarking is an important measure for companies to investigate their performance and to increase efficiency. As companies usually are reluctant to provide their key performance indicators (KPIs) for public benchmarks, privacy-preserving benchmarking systems are required. In this paper, we present an enhanced privacy-preserving benchmarking protocol that is based on homomorphic encryption. It enables cloud-based KPI comparison including the statistical measures mean, variance, median, maximum, best-in-class, bottom quartile, and top quartile. The theoretical and empirical evaluation of our benchmarking system underlines its practicability. Even under worst-case assumptions regarding connection quality and asymmetric encryption key-security, it fulfils the performance requirements of typical KPI benchmarking systems.
Polymer Cholesteric-Liquid-Crystal (PCLC) Flake/Fluid Host Electro-Optical Suspensions and Their Applications in Color Flexible Reflective Displays (2008)

Polymer cholesteric-liquid-crystal (PCLC) flake/fluid-host suspensions are a novel particle display technology for full-color reflective display applications on rigid or flexible substrates. These “polarizing pigments” require no polarizers or color filters, switch rapidly at very low voltages, and produce highly saturated colors with a reflection efficiency approaching 80%.