gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of phosphor geometry on the luminous efficiency of high-power white light-emitting diodes with excellent color rendering property (2008)

High-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated by combining blue LEDs and green (Ba,Sr)(2)SiO(4):Eu(2+) and red CaAlSiN(3):Eu(2+) phosphors with varying phosphor geometry. The white LED having separated the phosphor layer by the silicone gel layer between green and red phosphor layers shows superior optical properties. The luminous efficiency (eta(L)) is improved by a decrease of reabsorption of green light by red phosphor owing to a difference among refractive indices. The white LED shows very high eta(L) of 51 lm/W and a high color rendering index of 95 under 350 mA. In addition, improved luminous properties of the white LED including a separated phosphor layer are confirmed via ray-trace simulation.
Color and contrast vision in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer’s disease using a novel visual-stimuli four-arm maze (2021)

We introduce a novel visual-stimuli four-arm maze (ViS4M) equipped with spectrally- and intensity-controlled LED emitters and dynamic grayscale objects that relies on innate exploratory behavior to assess color and contrast vision in mice. Its application to detect visual impairments during normal aging and over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evaluated in wild-type (WT) and transgenic APP<sub>SWE</sub>/PS1<sub>∆E9</sub> murine models of AD (AD<sup>+</sup>) across an array of irradiance, chromaticity, and contrast conditions. Substantial color and contrast-mode alternation deficits appear in AD<sup>+</sup> mice at an age when hippocampal-based memory and learning is still intact. Profiling of timespan, entries and transition patterns between the different arms uncovers variable AD-associated impairments in contrast sensitivity and color discrimination, reminiscent of tritanomalous defects documented in AD patients. Transition deficits are found in aged WT mice in the absence of alternation decline. Overall, ViS4M is a versatile, controlled device to measure color and contrast-related vision in aged and diseased mice.
<title>Large depth-of-field moire system with remote image reconstruction</title> (1994)

Contouring objects which have a great deal of surface relief is often a challenge difficult to address with standard techniques because of the dynamic range involved. In particular, to produce a moire pattern over a large depth range requires a large depth-of-field and hence fairly course grating patterns. Removing the grating image from the resultant moire pattern is difficult since the grating is typically clearly resolved and comparable in period to the moire pattern. This paper describes a large depth-of-field moire projection system which uses remote reconstruction of the more fringes. The reconstruction system removes the grating lines via optical processing techniques, then analyzes the resulting clean moire using phase shift analysis within the optical processor. The output of the optical filtering is very high quality moire data over large depth ranges without any grating pattern present to disrupt the analysis. Potential application of this approach for use with photographic based field measurements is discussed.
Recovery in dc and rf performance of off-state step-stressed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with thermal annealing (2015)

The recovery effects of thermal annealing on dc and rf performance of off-state step-stressed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were investigated. After stress, reverse gate leakage current and sub-threshold swing increased and drain current on-off ratio decreased. However, these degradations were completely recovered after thermal annealing at 450 °C for 10 mins for devices stressed either once or twice. The trap densities, which were estimated by temperature-dependent drain-current sub-threshold swing measurements, increased after off-state step-stress and were reduced after subsequent thermal annealing. In addition, the small signal rf characteristics of stressed devices were completely recovered after thermal annealing.
455. Safety of Vaccination to Treat Cocaine Addiction with Capsid Proteins from a Disrupted Adenovirus Conjugated to a Cocaine Analog (2015)

Cocaine is a highly addictive drug with significant social, societal, economic and medical impact, yet there are no effective therapies for cocaine addiction. An anti-cocaine vaccine that could evoke antibodies to bind the drug and prevent its transfer across the blood-brain barrier to its cognate CNS receptors is a promising strategy for treatment of cocaine addiction. In preclinical studies, an anti-cocaine vaccine (dAd5GNE) consisting of a disrupted E1- E3- serotype 5 adenovirus covalently conjugated to the cocaine analog GNE evoked high-titers of anti-cocaine antibodies that blocked cocaine from reaching the central nervous system of mice, rats and monkeys, abrogating cocaine-induced behaviors. The objective of this study was to ascertain if vaccination of a clinical grade dAd5GNE formulated in Adjuplex™ adjuvant administered to mice and non-human primates (NHPs) could be achieved with a safety profile acceptable to move this therapy to humans. Age-matched Balb/c mice (n=48 male, n=48 female for each group) were vaccinated monthly with a vehicle control, Adjuplex™ alone or dAd5GNE, (0.4 or 4 mg) + Adjuplex™. At 1, 5, 13 and 26 wk, evaluation of gross and histopathology, complete blood count, and serum chemistry were performed in a blinded fashion. No significant differences between Adjuplex™ control- and vaccine-treated groups were observed and no adverse effects could be attributed to the vaccine. Some histiocytic inflammatory infiltrates at the site of injection were observed in mice for which doses of Adjuplex™ were >150-fold the weight-adjusted human dose. African green monkeys vaccinated monthly with Adjuplex™ formulated dAd5GNE (50 mg, 100 mg or 200 mg), or adjuvant control (n=2 male, n=2 female for each group) were evaluated for standard general safety parameters plus heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature over the course of 6 months. To reflect the use of the vaccine in cocaine addict populations, all NHPs were challenged with cocaine (1 mg/kg, intravenous) on each of the 3 days leading up to sacrifice with vital signs monitored for 30 min following each challenge. Examination of the brain, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, mediastinal lymph node, mesenteric lymph node, popliteal lymph nodes, inguinal lymph node, pericardium, aorta, thymus, diaphragm, salivary gland, gall bladder, stomach, mesenteric adipose tissue, adrenals, trachea, esophagus, urinary bladder, sternum, eye, cervical spinal cord, pituitary, sciatic nerve, skin, quadriceps revealed no adverse effects related to the intramuscular administration of dAd5GNE in mice or NHPs. Unlike the murine study, no untoward effects associated with the adjuvant were observed at the site of injection. This safety profile suggests that vaccination with dAd5GNE meets the criteria to proceed to clinical trial.
International proficiency trial demonstrates reliable Schmallenberg virus infection diagnosis in endemic and non-affected countries (2019)

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an orthobunyavirus infecting ruminants, emerged in 2011 in Central Europe, spread very rapidly throughout the continent and established an endemic status, thereby representing a constant threat not only to the European livestock population, but also to neighboring countries. Hence, in endemically infected regions, the maintenance and regular verification of diagnostics is needed and in not yet affected regions, suitable diagnostic systems should be established to be prepared for a potential introduction of the disease. In addition, also for the trade of animals into free regions, highly reliable and sensitive diagnostics are of utmost importance. Therefore, a laboratory proficiency trial was initiated to allow for performance evaluations of test systems available for SBV-diagnostics, but also for evaluation of veterinary diagnostic laboratories performing those tests. Ten serum samples (six seropositive, four seronegative) were provided for serological analysis, four of the seropositive samples were provided undiluted, while the remaining samples represented 1/2 and 1/4 dilutions of one of the aforementioned samples in negative serum. Ten further sera (five virus-positive, five negative) were sent to the participants to be analyzed by SBV genome detection methods. A total of 48 diagnostic laboratories from 15 countries of three continents (Europe, Asia, North America) and three kit manufacturers participated in the SBV proficiency test, thereby generating 131 result sets, corresponding to 1310 individual results. The sample panel aimed for serological analysis was tested 72 times; the applied diagnostic methods comprised different commercial ELISAs and standard micro-neutralization tests. The sample set aimed for genome detection was analyzed in 59 approaches by various commercial or in-house (real-time) RT-PCR protocols. Antibody or genome positive samples were correctly identified in every case, independent of the applied diagnostic test system. For seronegative samples, three incorrect, false-positive test results were produced. Virus-negative samples tested false-positive in two cases. Thus, a very high diagnostic accuracy of 99.58% and 99.66% was achieved by the serological and virological methods, respectively. Hence, this ring trial demonstrated that reliable and robust SBV-diagnostics has been established in veterinary diagnostic laboratories in affected and non-affected countries.
Validation of a lipoprotein(a) particle concentration assay by quantitative lipoprotein immunofixation electrophoresis (2014)

The Lipo-IFE method will allow Lp(a)-P to be readily tested as a CVD risk factor in large-scale clinical trials.
Cross-Modulation Interference Reduction for Pulse-Position Modulated UWB Signals (2006)

One of the popular modulation options that is used for ultra wideband (UWB) systems is pulse position modulation (PPM). In spite of many advantages of PPM, the cross-modulation interference (CMI) caused by multipath propagation degrades the performance of the UWB receivers when PPM modulation is used. In this paper, a technique for reducing the effect of CMI for PPM UWB signals is introduced. The proposed approach improves the performance of receivers greatly and eliminates the possibility of catastrophic errors. The proposed technique introduces variable modulation index instead of conventional fixed modulation index.
Mode Locked Surface Acoustic Wave Oscillator for Coherent Frequency Signal Synthesis. (1976)

A new type of frequency synthesizer utilizing Mode Locked SAW oscillators, CZT transducers, and rapidly switchable nonlinear diodes was experimentally demonstrated to be both feasible and promising. The conclusions from this work with a first preliminary model are as follows: The Mode Locked SAW Oscillator (MLSO) is able to provide a set of synchronized and stable short rf pulses with lengths in the range of 50 to 100 nseconds. These pulses can efficiently drive a set of CZT transducers that are used for generating counter flowing SAW discrete chirp signals. By using the sum frequency, signals are synthesized directly at rf frequencies. The Chirp Z Transform approach to frequency synthesis is particularly attractive because it provides means for switching frequencies in a coded sequence within time intervals as short as 50 ns. This was achieved experimentally in the present program. Equally important is the fact that the frequencies are determined only by the physical position of the selected taps.
An Inrush Current Mitigation Technique for the Line-Interactive Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems (2008)

Unexpected voltage sags or outages events often interrupt the operation of manufacturing processes, or even lead to equipment damages. Numerous critical loads rely on the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system to uphold the power during these events and maintain the normal operation. As disturbances occur in the utility, the UPS should take over the load within 1-5 ms to prevent any interruptions. However, the start-up process of UPS can cause the significant inrush current phenomenon on the load transformer due to the magnetic saturation. The inrush current could result in reduced line voltages, and even trigger the UPS's overcurrent protection. To prevent the inrush current, this paper proposes a flux linkage offset compensation technique based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) to regulate the flux linkage of the transformer. The proposed technique can be integrated with the existing voltage control and the PWM of the UPS inverter without any additional sensors. The proposed technique can provide a very smooth and timely transition without the risk of inrush current for critical loads under power outages and voltage sags.
Paper-Based All-Solid-State Ion-Sensing Platform with a Solid Contact Comprising Colloid-Imprinted Mesoporous Carbon and a Redox Buffer (2017)

We report the design, structure, and performance of a planar paper-based ion-sensing platform that utilizes colloid-imprinted mesoporous (CIM) carbon as a solid contact, with a redox buffer as the internal reference. This device contains an all-solid-state ion-selective electrode and an all-solid-state reference electrode that are integrated into the paper substrate with a symmetrical cell design. To ensure calibration-free sensor operation, each interfacial potential within the device is well-defined by the use of a redox buffer added to the sensing and reference membranes that controls the interfacial potentials at the CIM carbon/sensing membrane and CIM carbon/reference membrane interfaces. Two types of redox buffers were evaluated for this purpose, i.e., one based on the tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salts of cobalt(II/III) tris(4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bipyridyl) and one consisting of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and its corresponding anion radical. The feasibility of the design was demonstrated with aqueous KCl solutions. By design, the device only needs one droplet of sample, and it does not need any supply reagents or sensor pretreatment (i.e., conditioning and calibration) to function.
Probiotic administration improves sperm quality in asthenozoospermic human donors (2017)

The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of the ingestion of two selected antioxidant probiotics strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT8361 and Bifidobacterium longum CECT7347) on sperm quality parameters in asthenozoospermic males after three and six weeks of administration. Nine asthenozoospermic men without any medical treatment under similar diet conditions participated in the study. The quality of individual sperm samples was evaluated before (previous to ingestion), during (after 3 and 6 weeks of ingestion) and after probiotic administration (3 and 6 weeks after finishing the treatment). Sperm motility was evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis system, DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin structure assay, cell viability by flow cytometry and measurement of intracellular H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (reactive oxygen species; ROS) by flow cytometry using dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate. Sperm motility was drastically improved after the treatment (approximately 6 fold change), DNA fragmentation was statistically reduced after probiotic administration from (approximately 1.2 fold change) and intracellular H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> level was decreased (approximately 3.5 fold change). Cell viability was not affected by the treatment. The significant improvement in sperm motility and the decrease in DNA fragmentation reported in this study provide preliminary evidence that probiotics could be administrated to improve motility and decrease DNA fragmentation and ROS levels in asthenozoospermic human males.
A Self-Authenticating Chip Architecture Using an Intrinsic Fingerprint of Embedded DRAM (2013)

An architecture for enabling self-authenticating chips uses 4 Kb electrically programmable fuses (eFUSE) to store bit strings representing encrypted intrinsic fingerprints obtained by offset-superimposing six out of one thousand 4 Kb domains randomly chosen in 4 Mb embedded DRAM. Authentication is accomplished by regenerating various encrypted intrinsic fingerprints, which are then compared with the bit strings in the eFUSE. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that, targeting an average of 32 retention fails per domain, the strings are unique and authentication is statistically guaranteed without bit correction even when unstable bits are introduced. The preliminary results are confirmed in > 50 parts containing 4 Mb memory implemented in 22-nm SOI hardware under the target voltage ±10% conditions. The analytical model predicts > 10 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{20}$</tex></formula> years to crack the encryption by brute force, while satisfying > 99.9999% successful authentication for one million parts.
A Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Designed for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma with Unique Tissue Specificity for Uterus and Ovaries in Rats (2005)

The design of a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) for the potential treatment of uterine leiomyoma is described. 16 (LY2066948-HCl) binds with high affinity to estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta, respectively) and is a potent uterine antagonist with minimal effects on the ovaries as determined by serum biomarkers and histologic evaluation.
Junction-like magnetoresistance of intergranular tunneling in field-aligned chromium dioxide powders (2001)

The magnetic and magnetotransport properties of field-aligned half-metallic ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ powders have been studied. Needle-shaped nanoparticles of ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ have been aligned in a strong magnetic field. The aligned powder sample shows a strong anisotropy along the alignment direction. The conduction mechanism of the aligned ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ powder sample has been examined and is consistent with the intergranular spin-dependent tunneling. Negative tunneling magnetoresistance of about 41% is achieved in a small field in the vicinity of the coercive field at 5 K. The magnetoresistance (MR) versus field curve shows two well-separated narrow peaks at the coercive fields and resembles that of a magnetic tunnel junction. This junctionlike MR results from the narrow switching field distribution of the aligned powders. Our results suggest that the aligned magnetic ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ particles may find novel applications in spin-transport structures and devices.
A high aperture efficiency, wide-angle scanning offset reflector antenna (1993)

A unique single offset reflector antenna has been designed which provides as much as +or-30 degrees of scanning in azimuth while maintaining a much higher aperture efficiency than a torus antenna. Like a torus antenna, different portions of the reflector are illuminated for each scanned beam. The reflector profile curve in the plane of scan is found by least squares to minimize the error for the beams with the greatest scan angle, and then polynomial terms of up to sixth order which minimize nonplanar phase errors are added to produce a three-dimensional reflector surface. Numerical simulation indicates very good results for all 0.5 degrees beams in the +or-30 degrees azimuth field of view, with peak gain no more than 0.3 dB below ideal and highest side-lobe levels no worse than 13.3 dB below the peak gain. Additionally, comparable performance can be extended to the elevation plane out to 15 degrees /-30 degrees , although full azimuth performance becomes compromised at extreme elevation scan angles. By using an offset design, there is no blockage of the outgoing beam by the feed array assembly for azimuth scanning. With better feed performance than comparably sized paraboloids, and being more compact than similar torus reflectors, this novel antenna should find numerous uses in spacecraft and terrestrial applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>BRAF</i> V600E and <i>TERT</i> Promoter Mutations Cooperatively Identify the Most Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Highest Recurrence (2014)

Coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT C228T mutations form a novel genetic background that defines PTC with the worst clinicopathologic outcomes, providing unique prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Characterization of the <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> BgaC Protein as a Novel Surface β-Galactosidase with Specific Hydrolysis Activity for the Galβ1-3GlcNAc Moiety of Oligosaccharides (2009)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causative agent of high morbidity and mortality. Although sugar moieties have been recognized as ligands for initial contact with the host, only a few exoglycosidases have been reported to occur in S. pneumoniae. In this study, a putative beta-galactosidase, encoded by the bgaC gene of S. pneumoniae, was characterized for its enzymatic activity and virulence. The recombinant BgaC protein, expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, was found to have a highly regiospecific and sugar-specific hydrolysis activity for the Galbeta1-3-GlcNAc moiety of oligosaccharides. Interestingly, the BgaC hydrolysis activity was localized at the cell surface of S. pneumoniae, indicating that BgaC is expressed as a surface protein although it does not have a typical signal sequence or membrane anchorage motif. The surface localization of BgaC was further supported by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis using an antibody raised against BgaC and by a reassociation assay with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled BgaC. Although the bgaC deletion mutation did not significantly attenuate the virulence of S. pneumoniae in vivo, the bgaC mutant strain showed relatively low numbers of viable cells compared to the wild type after 24 h of infection in vivo, whereas the mutant showed higher colonization levels at 6 and 24 h postinfection in vivo. Our data strongly indicate for the first time that S. pneumoniae bgaC encodes a surface beta-galactosidase with high substrate specificity that is significantly associated with the infection activity of pneumococci.
State-of-strain evaluation with fiber Bragg grating rosettes: application to discrimination between strain and temperature effects in fiber sensors (1997)

An optical rosette that incorporates fiber Bragg gratings as strain gauges has been designed, fabricated, and tested. We investigated it by measuring the state of strain of a thin plate as the test structure submitted to an increasing load in a four-point bending configuration and for various angular orientations. This device has also been successfully investigated as a self-temperature-compensated in situ uniaxial strain sensor without any angular dependence and with high accuracy in recovery analysis, leading us to expect many industrial applications. Printed circuit processes or integrated optics on polymers would provide a means for accuracy, reproducibility, and integration in a mass-produced process.
Comprehensive Design and Prototype of VLC Receivers With Large Detection Areas (2020)

Stable and practical reception of visible light communication (VLC) signals at mobile devices necessitates optoelectronic receivers with large detection areas to attain wide field-of-view (FOV) as well as robustness against blockage. However, large detection (or aperture) area reduces the effective bandwidth of VLC receivers. We design and prototype a VLC receiver with multi-photodetector array followed by a multi-stage amplifier, capable of attaining high-speed data rates for white phosphorous LED light. The receiver array can be arranged conformal to the surface shape of mobile devices. We test the VLC system's performance under vibrations, characterize delay spread arising from movements and wide FOV of the receiver, design multi-symbol detection techniques based on time and spatial reception diversity, and evaluate the performance with real data transmissions.