gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology (2002)

column 1, line 14: "fuels and materials" should read "organic fuels and materials."Page 529, Table 4, line 10: "smithiti" should read "smithii."Page 530, column 2, line 5 from bottom: reference 651 should be deleted.Page 531, Table 5, Binding affinity: for CenA BMCC, "41" and "1.89" should read "8.6" and "0.40," respectively; for Cex BMCC, "33" and "1.71" should read "6.44" and "0.33," respectively.Page 537, line 10 from bottom: "n/(n Ϫ 1)" should read "(n Ϫ1)/n."Page 542, column 2, line 19 from bottom, "scale of availability feedstock" should read "scale of feedstock availability."Page 546, column 2, line 10: "involves naturally occurring cellulolytic microorganisms" should read "involves engineering naturally occurring cellulolytic microorganisms."Page 547, column 2, line 5 from bottom: "cellulolytic" should read "noncellulolytic."
Measurement of shear wave speed dispersion in the placenta by transient elastography: A preliminary ex vivo study (2018)

TE is feasible and reproducible on placentas ex vivo. The frequency analysis of SWS provides additional information about placental elasticity and appears to be able to distinguish differences between placental structures.
Calculation of thermal noise in atomic force microscopy (1995)

Thermal fluctuations of the cantilever are a fundamental source of noise in atomic force microscopy. We calculated thermal noise using the equipartition theorem and considering all possible vibration modes of the cantilever. The measurable amplitude of thermal noise depends on the temperature, the spring constant K of the cantilever and on the method by which the cantilever deflection is detected. If the deflection is measured directly, e.g. with an interferometer or a scanning tunneling microscope, the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end can be calculated from square root kT/K. If the end of the cantilever is supported by a hard surface no thermal fluctuations of the deflection are possible. If the optical lever technique is applied to measure the deflection, the thermal noise of a cantilever with a free end is square root 4kT/3K. When the cantilever is supported thermal noise decreases to square root kT/3K, but it does not vanish.
Sex differences in colonic function: a randomised trial. (1993)

There are sex differences in large bowel cancer rates and a variety of other gastrointestinal disorders possibly because of differences in gut biology. To determine whether men and women have different gastrointestinal responses when consuming identical intakes of dietary fibre, 16 women and 18 men consumed liquid formula diets and 'quick breads' with 0 g, and 10 g, and 30 g of fibre as wheat bran and vegetable fibre. The five test diets were consumed in random order, each treatment lasting 23 days. Mean transit time was faster (p = 0.02), and stool weights (g/day) were greater (p = 0.0005) for men than women. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) excretion was greater in men (p = 0.01), and women tended to digest more NDF (p = 0.06). Men and women seemed to respond differently to wheat bran and vegetable fibre with regard to NDF excretion and digestibility. There were no gender differences in the faecal pH or moisture content. Concentrations and daily excretion of the secondary bile acids, lithocholic and deoxycholic acid, were greater for men than women (p < 0.05). Gender differences in bowel function and bile acid excretion, observed when men and women consumed the same amounts of dietary fibre, may be relevant for understanding colonic disease aetiology and for undertaking future dietary intervention trials.
White Metallopolyynes for Optical Limiting/Transparency Trade‐off Optimization (2006)

Hochtransparente optische Begrenzer: In Lösung verarbeitbare weiße Metallopolyine erwiesen sich als ausgezeichnete optische Leistungsbegrenzer (siehe Bild) mit optimaler Abstimmung zwischen optischer Transparenz und Nichtlinearität. Die optischen Begrenzer übertreffen derzeit gebräuchliche Farbstoffe mit umgekehrt sättigbarer Absorption wie C60 und Metallphthalocyanin-Komplexe.
An in vitro assay procedure to test chemotherapeutic drugs on cells from human solid tumors. (1980)

An in vitro assay was developed to measure the chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility of cells from human tumors. The assay utilized live cells, freshly isolated from tumor tissue, which were incubated for a short period in vitro. The drug-induced inhibition of incorporation of radiolabeled precursor into DNA, RNA, and protein was measured. The assay is sensitive to concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs in the therapeutic range and is reproducible when tested with replicates of the same tumor cell population.
A tablet- and mobile-based application for remote diagnosis and analysis of movement disorder symptoms (2020)

One significant hindrance to effective diagnosis of movement disorders (MDs) and analysis of their progression is the requirement for patients to conduct tests in the presence of a clinician. Here is presented a pilot study for diagnosis of essential tremor (ET), the world's most common MD, through analysis of a tablet- or mobile-based drawing task that may be selected at will, with the spiral- and line-drawing tasks of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin tremor rating scale serving as our task in this work. This system replaces the need for pen-and-paper drawing tests while permitting advanced quantitative analysis of drawing smoothness, pressure applied, and other measures. Data is securely recorded and stored in the cloud, from which all analysis was conducted remotely. This will enable longitudinal analysis of patient disease progression without the need for excessive clinical visits. Several features were extracted and recursive feature elimination applied to rank the features' individual contribution to our classifier. Maximum cross-validated classification accuracy on a preliminary sample set was 98.3%. Future work will involve collecting healthy subject data from an age-controlled population and extending this diagnostic application to additional conditions, as well as incorporating regression-based symptom severity analysis. This highly promising new technology has the potential to substantially alleviate the demands placed on both clinicians and patients by bringing MD treatment more into line with the era of personalized medicine.
Unit costs, cost - effectiveness, and financing of nutrition interventions (1992)

The author summarizes what is known about unit costs, the cost structure, cost-effectiveness, and financing of eight nutrition interventions: maternal and child health (MCH) feeding, school feeding, nutrition education, the promotion of breastfeeding, targeted food subsidies, micronutrient supplementation, micronutrient fortification, and growth monitoring. Among items that she reports: (1) mass media nutrition education campaigns and the promotion of breastfeeding cost about $1 - $5 per beneficiary; face-to-face nutrition programs cost more ($23 per beneficiary in the Dominican Republic). (2) Food distribution programs of different types have fairly similar costs. For distributing about 1, 000 calories aday per beneficiary per year: $75 for untargeted food rations, $64 for targeted food rations, $74 for MCH and school feeding programs, and $134 for highly targeted feeding programs. Micronutrient interventions cost from $0.04 to $4 per person-year of protection; supplementation is more expensive than fortification. (3) Medium-sized feeding programs (100, 000 to 500, 000 beneficiaries) are the least expensive. There is little difference in cost between programs operated by nongovernement organizations and those operated by governments. The more expensive programs are not necessarily less cost-effective, but may include more complementary inputs. (4) The cost per death averted was about 1, 500 for both a targeted supplementary feeding program in Tamil Nadu and a vitamin A capsule distribution scheme in Bangladesh. (5) The cost per child removed from modrate and severe malnutrition ranged from $33 (Tamil Nadu) to $331 (targeted food subsidy, Philippines) to $493 (face-to-face nutrition program, Dominican Republic). (6) Nutrition expenditures seem to account for about 10 percent of health spending, both for donors and for individual countries (Chile is an outlier with 35 percent). Impact data on these topics are scarce, and these estimates should be interpreted cautiously.
Mitochondrial gene mutation: the ageing process and degenerative diseases. (1990)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out on total DNA from a range of autopsy tissues from deceased human subjects with no known mitochondrial disease, aged from birth (80 minutes) to 87 years. We report the finding of an age-related 5 kb deletion in the mitochondrial genomes of these subjects. The deletion occurs between nucleotide positions 8470 and 13459 of the mitochondrial genome, and is flanked by a 13 bp direct repeat. All tissues from adult subjects showed the presence of mitochondrial DNA molecules with the deletion after a 30 cycle PCR amplification; by contrast the deletion was not similarly detected in any of the infant tissues analysed. However, the occurrence of the deletion was detected in the infant tissues after 60 PCR cycles of MtDNA amplification. It is concluded that such deletions are not necessarily associated with particular mitochondrial diseases but occur naturally, and with increasing frequency with age. A consequence of the accumulation of this deletion could be a progressive decrease with age of bioenergetic capacity which in turn could influence the rate of ageing and predispose to age-associated degenerative diseases.
Approximation of maxillary arch shape by mathematical functions (2009)

The purpose of this article is to describe the research that was made to investigate approximation of human maxillary dental arch curvature by different mathematical curves. The main goal of this work is to select mathematical functions that most precisely approximate the maxillary arch contours of the upper occlusion. In this study 8 dental casts were analyzed. To perform this work the polynomial, Parabolic, Catenary, Beta curves, optimized by Least Squares Method, were used.
MR Evaluation of Large Intracranial Aneurysms Using Cine Low Flip Angle Gradient-Refocused Imaging (1988)

MR imaging has proved to be useful in evaluating large intracranial aneurysms. The parent artery and patent lumen can be identified as flow voids and differentiated from thrombus. However, in the presence of slow flow, even-echo rephasing, and motion artifact, increased intraluminal signal may be present, which may be difficult to distinguish from thrombus. Aneurysms are also dynamic lesions and exert pulsatile mass effect on adjacent structures. Further definition of vascular anatomy and physiology may aid in therapeutic planning and assessment. Cine MR is a new technique using a movie loop of sequential GRASS (gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state) images obtained during various pOints in the cardiac cycle. The combination of GRASS images and cardiac gating thus allows cinegraphic display of vascular structures. A comparison of this method with routine T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging and angiography was made in a group of 13 patients with intracranial aneurysms greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. Eight of these patients underwent transvascular detachable balloon occlusion. With cine MR, flowing blood has high intensity due to flow-related enhancement. Turbulent and high-velocity flow can be recognized on the basis of signal loss, which occurs during systole. Thrombus demonstrated variable signal intensity, which remained unchanged during the cardiac cycle. Compared with routine MR sequences, there was less image degradation from phase-encoding artifacts and improved visualization of the neck of the aneurysm. Pulsatile mass effect was uniquely assessed. After transvascular embolization, cine MR demonstrated improved conspicuity of acute thrombus and higher contrast between flowing blood and the occlusion balloon when compared with routine MR. Confirmation of flow within the parent vessel, residual aneurysm lumen, and distal arterial branches is possible. If the parent vessel was occluded, cine MR yielded greater information than angiography. Cine MR provides additional anatomic and physiologic data in the evaluation and assessment of therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Information can be obtained that is not available with either routine MR or angiography. The inherent limitations of this new technique include partial-volume artifacts, less than optimal flow-related enhancement or spatial resolution, and poor data acquisition due to cardiac arrhythmias.
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound induced Gene Activation in Solid Tumors (2006)

In this work, the feasibility of using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to activate trans‐gene expression in a mouse tumor model was investigated. 4T1 cancer cells were implanted subcutaneously in the hind limbs of Balb/C mice and adenovirus luciferase gene vectors under the control of heat shock protein 70B promoter (Adeno‐hsp70B‐Luc) were injected intratumoraly for gene transfection. One day following the virus injection, the transfected tumors were heated to a peak temperature of 55, 65, 75, and 85°C, respectively, in 10s at multiple sites around the center of the tumor using a HIFU transducer operated at either 1.1‐MHz (fundamental) or 3.3‐MHz (3rd harmonic) frequency. Inducible luciferase gene expression was found to vary from 15‐fold to 120‐fold of the control group following 1.1‐MHz HIFU exposure. The maximum gene activation was produced at a peak temperature of 65∼75°C one day following HIFU exposure and decayed gradually to baseline level within 7 days. The inducible gene activation produced by 3.3‐MHz HIFU exposure (75°C‐10s) was found to be comparable to that produced by hyperthermia (42°C‐30min). Altogether, these results demonstrate the feasibility of using HIFU as a simple and versatile physical means to regulate trans‐gene expression in vivo. This unique feature may be explored in the future for a synergistic combination of HIFU‐induced thermal ablation with heat‐induced gene therapy for improved cancer therapy.
An international urogynecological association (IUGA)/international continence society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction (2009)

A consensus-based terminology report for female pelvic floor dysfunction has been produced aimed at being a significant aid to clinical practice and a stimulus for research.
Pyramid phase microscopy (2011)

A phase microscopy method based on the use of a refractive glass pyramid to determine the wavefront generated by a transparent microscopic sample is presented. The method uses the incoherent illumination of the sample to statically extend the sensor dynamic range. A description, experimental demonstration, and preliminary results are presented.
Hand tracking and animation (2009)

In this paper we present an approach for animating a virtual hand model with the animation data extracting from hand tracking results. We track the hand by using particle filters and deformable contour templates with a Web camera; then we extend the 2D tracking results into 3D animation data using inverse kinematics method; finally, local frame based method is proposed to simulate a 3D virtual hand with the 3D animation data. Our system performs in real time.
A proposed framework for segment transmission scheduling in P2P video streaming (2014)

Segment transmission scheduling is essential in peer to peer video streaming. Transmission of the video segments faces some difficulties. Long playback buffering delay and high chunk miss ratio are the major ones of these difficulties. This paper introduces a proposed framework to overcome these difficulties. Moreover, it improves the overall performance of the streaming system. The framework is described in terms of four phases; in the first phase, unavailable segments and the partners for each segment are specified. By the end of the second phase, the priorities of unavailable segments are estimated according to segments' deadline time and number of available partners. In the third phase, the available partners are evaluated according to the bandwidth and the reputation estimation. Finally, the segment's sender is selected from the available partners according to the considerations that improve the performance of P2P video streaming. A simulation results are achieved to compare the performance of the proposed framework algorithms with respect to previous algorithms. The simulation results showed that proposed framework algorithms outperform previous algorithms.
Ineffective Treatment of Keloids with Interferon Alpha-2b (2006)

Interferon does not appear to be effective in the clinical management of keloids.
Music recommendation system using emotion triggering low-level features (2012)

Recently, many researches of modeling or measuring human feeling have been conducted to understand human emotions. However, researches on music-related human emotions have much difficulty due to the subjective perception of emotions. We selected low-level musical features which may trigger human emotions, based on TV music program's audience rating information and the corresponding music. In this program, audience was requested to rate music of the contestants and to select their preferred music based on their emotional feelings. In addition, we implemented personalized music recommendation system using selected features, context information and listening history. In the experimental results, we confirmed that selected features can be reliable features when these features are used in music recommendation systems.
Envelope-associated nucleoid from Caulobacter crescentus stalked and swarmer cells (1977)

Envelope-associated nucleoids have been isolated from Caulobacter crescentus by using a modification of the procedure of T. Kornberg et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:3189-3193, 1974). The development of a Ludox density gradient procedure has permitted preparation of large quantities of synchronous cells. The sedimentation coefficients of the envelope-associated nucleoids of stalked and swarmer cells, prepared under conditions of equivalent cell lysis, were 3,000S and greater than 6,000S respectively. Small differences in the relative amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein in stalked and swarmer cell envelope-associated nucleoids could not account for the large differences in sedimentation behavior. These characteristic sedimentation coefficients were retained in mixing experiments.
Reliability Investigation of NLDEMOS in 0.13um SOI CMOS Technology (2006)

This paper presents new reliability investigations in NLDEMOS transistor in 0.13 mum SOI CMOS technology. Reliability tests under hot carrier injections (HCI) and OFF state regimes show a strong dependence with the drain extension length L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ext</sub> . The use of borderless nitride in order to create contacts is suspected to be the origin of degradation. Mobiles charges in this nitride can move under electrical field in HCI or OFF-state stress and then modulate the conductivity of the drain extension region. With a reverse electrical field applied after OFF-state (drain) or HCI stress, we show that the degraded NLDEMOS can completely recover its initial performances. A novel nitride borderless with a decrease of SiH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> rate during process step shows a strong reliability improvement due to the decrease of dangling bonds at SiPROT/bordeless nitride interface
Mutual inductance of thin coaxial circular coils with constant current density in air (filament method) (2006)

Abstract:- This paper deals with an efficient and fast approach for determining the mutual inductance between thin current loops (filamentary coils, thin cylindrical coils, thin disk coils and all possible combinations). This approach is based on the filament method where conductors are approximated by a set of Maxwell’s coils. The resulting equations are expressed in term of the complete elliptical integrals of the first and second kind and permit fast calculation of the mutual inductance for systems of interests. These new formulas are accurate and simple for a wide range of applications. Computational cost and accuracy of this technique will be also discussed. Key-Words:- Computational electromagnetics, mutual inductance, filament circular coils, disk coils, thin wall solenoids. 1
Recombinant [Pheβ63]Hemoglobin Shows Rapid Oxidation of the β Chains and Low‐Affinity, Non‐Cooperative Oxygen Binding to the α Subunits (1997)

We have engineered alpha2beta2 [Phe63]hemoglobin by changing the highly conserved distal histidine of the beta chains to a phenylalanine. The mutant tetramer binds four high-affinity ligands, such as CO or NO, to the ferrous form, or CN to the oxidized iron; however, it binds only two low-affinity ligands, oxygen and azide. The absorption spectrum of the ferrous deoxy or ferric forms are not normal, displaying an enhanced absorption of the visible band near 560 nm. Half of the autooxidation process, attributed to the mutated beta subunits, is over 1000-fold faster than for Hb A. The mutant Hb exhibits non-cooperative binding of two oxygens with an affinity about fivefold lower than those of HbA valency hybrids (alpha met beta)2. Functional properties of this mutant Hb resemble those of Hb Saskatoon ([Tyr63]Hb) [Suzuki, T., Hayashi, A., Shimizu, A. & Yamamura, Y. (1966) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 127, 280-282]. Flash-photolysis experiments also indicate non-cooperative behaviour: the CO-recombination kinetics were independent of the fraction dissociated. Furthermore, the amplitude of the CO bimolecular phase was the same for the (alpha(CO)metbeta)2 valency hybrid or the (alphaCO betaCO)2 form, suggesting mainly geminate CO-recombination kinetics to the beta chains. EPR and Resonance Raman spectra did not show evidence for a hemichrome, normally considered as a six-coordinated iron with low-spin character. The EPR and resonance Raman spectra for the mutated beta subunits demonstrate the presence of a high-spin compound in the ferric and deoxy ferrous forms. In particular, the ferrous mutated beta subunits are penta-coordinated. The abnormal absorption spectra are possibly due to an interaction between the porphyrin and the phenyl ring in the distal position rather than to direct binding to the iron.
The Cycloaddition Reaction of <i>N</i>-Imidoyl Sulfoximides with Diphenylcyclopropenone to Yield Pyrimidinone or Pyrrolinone Derivatives (1983)

Abstract N-Imidoyl sulfoximide (7) reacted with diphenylcyclopropenone (2) at 130 °C to yield a mixture of 1,2-disubstituted 5,6-diphenyl-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (6) and N-(4-oxo-2-pyrrolin-5-yl)sulfoximide (10), which might be formed by [3+3] and [2+3] cycloaddition reactions between 2 and 7. The yields of 6 and 10 depended on the electronic and steric effects of the substituents of 7.