gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract A32: RET fusion gene: Translation to personalized lung cancer therapy. (2014)

Abstract Oncogenic RET fusion gene, occurring in 1–2% of LADCs, was recently identified by us and others as a new targetable driver gene in lung adenocarcinoma. Existing FDA-approved inhibitors of RET tyrosine kinase, such as vandetanib, show promising therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in a few patients. A phase II clinical trial, investigating the therapeutic effects of vandetanib, has been started in Japan (UMIN00001009) in Q1 of 2013. The RET fusion screening is being conducted in &gt; 120 hospitals throughout Japan by a consortium designated “LC-SCRUM (Lung Cancer Genomic Screening Project for Individualized Medicine in Japan)”. Approximately 4% of &gt;300 EGFR-mutation negative NSCLC patients screened have been diagnosed as being positive for RET fusion, and the therapy of several patients has started. Positive responses to vandetanib have been observed as expected. In addition, the structure of breakpoints of RET fusion in lung adenocarcinoma indicates that the different molecular processes generate oncogenic RET fusions between lung adenocarcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Etiology and therapeutic significance of RET fusion in lung adenocarcinoma will be discussed. Citation Format: Takashi Kohno, Koji Tsuta, Katsuya Tsuchihara, Tatsuji Mizukami, Kiyotaka Yoh, Koichi Goto. RET fusion gene: Translation to personalized lung cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Tough strong iron alloys for cryogenic service (1977)

Series of alloys with minor additions of reactive metals possesses outstanding strength and toughness at cryogenic temperatures. Effective metal additons include aluminum, niobium, titanium, and vanadium. Strengthening of series is achieved by thermomechanical processing and by precipitate strengthening while maintaining high level of toughness. Possible applications include liquefied natural-gas storage and transmission, structural members in superconducting machinery, and welding rod for other alloys such as nine nickel steels.
Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable Benzimidazoles as Raf Kinase Inhibitors (2008)

A series of arylaminobenzimidazoles was designed and synthesized as Raf kinase inhibitors. Exploration of the structure-activity relationship resulted in compounds that are potent in vitro and show desirable in vivo properties.
Optical and Mechanical Design of a Laser-Based Non-Intrusive Vehicle Delineation Detection System (2001)

Abstract A field prototype of a laser-based non-intrusive vehicle detection system has been developed for measurement of delineations of moving vehicles on the highway. This prototype is based on our previous research on the principle of the measurement. The detection system uses two laser lines that are projected onto the ground as probes. The reflected light is collected and focused onto a photodiode array by an optical system. Vehicle presence is detected based on the absence of reflected laser light. By placing two identical laser/sensor pairs at a known distance apart, the speed of both the front and rear of a vehicle can be calculated based on the times when each sensor is triggered. The detector data are acquired and processed by a real-time system to obtain speed, acceleration, and length of a detected vehicle. The travel time of a vehicle can be acquired by detecting a vehicle at the beginning of a link and re-identifying the same vehicle at the end of link. Several tests have been done with the field prototype system on the highway. The testing results show that the system can obtain the accuracy of measurement necessary to distinguish between moving vehicles on the highway. This article describes the design and implementation of each functional component of an advanced version of the field prototype system.
Atrial-like phenotype is associated with embryonic ventricular failure in retinoid X receptor alpha -/- mice. (1995)

We have recently characterized a cardiac model of ventricular chamber defects in retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) homozygous mutant (-/-) gene-targeted mice. These mice display generalized edema, ventricular chamber hypoplasia, and muscular septal defects, and they die at embryonic day 15. To substantiate our hypothesis that the embryos are dying of cardiac pump failure, we have used digital bright-field and fluorescent video microscopy and in vivo microinjection of fluorescein-labeled albumin to analyze cardiac function. The affected embryos showed depressed ventricular function (average left ventricular area ejection fraction, 14%), ventricular septal defects, and various degrees of atrioventricular block not seen in the RXR alpha wild-type (+/+) and heterozygous (+/-) littermates (average left ventricular area ejection fraction, 50%). The molecular mechanisms involved in these ventricular defects were studied by evaluating expression of cardiac-specific genes known to be developmentally regulated. By in situ hybridization, aberrant, persistent expression of the atrial isoform of myosin light chain 2 was identified in the ventricles. We hypothesize that retinoic acid provides a critical signal mediated through the RXR alpha pathway that is required to allow progression of development of the ventricular region of the heart from its early atrial-like form to the thick-walled adult ventricle. The conduction system disturbances found in the RXR alpha -/- embryos may reflect a requirement of the developing conduction system for the RXR alpha signaling pathway, or it may be secondary to the failure of septal development.
CSF tau microtubule binding region identifies tau tangle and clinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

Tau is a microtubule associated protein in the brain that aggregates in Alzheimer's disease to form pathological tangles and neurites. Insoluble tau aggregates composed of the microtubule binding region (MTBR) of tau are highly associated with the cognitive and clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, levels of soluble forms of tau, such as CSF total tau and phosphorylated tau-181 and tau-217, increase prior to tau aggregation in Alzheimer's disease, but these biomarkers do not measure the MTBR of tau. Thus, how CSF MTBR-tau is altered in Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. In this study, we used sequential immunoprecipitation and chemical extraction methods followed by mass spectrometry to analyse MTBR-tau species in Alzheimer's disease and control CSF. We quantified MTBR-tau-specific regions in the CSF and identified that species containing the region beginning at residue 243 were the most highly correlated with tau PET and cognitive measures. This finding suggests that CSF level of tau species containing the upstream region of MTBR may reflect changes in tau pathology that occur in Alzheimer's disease and could serve as biomarkers to stage Alzheimer's disease and track the development of tau-directed therapeutics.
Static and Moving Target Imaging Using Harmonic Radar (2017)

Nonlinear radar exploits the difference in frequency between radar waves that illuminate and are reflected from electromagnetically nonlinear targets. Harmonic radar is a special type of nonlinear radar that transmits one or multiple frequencies and listens for frequencies at or near their harmonics. Nonlinear radar differs from traditional linear radar by offering high clutter rejection and is particularly suited to the detection of devices containing metals and semiconductors. Examples include tags for tracking insects, tags worn by humans for avoiding collisions with vehicles, or for monitoring vital signs. Such tags contain a radio-frequency (RF) nonlinearity, often a Schottky diode, connected to a suitable antenna. Targets with inherent nonlinearities, such as metal contacts, semiconductors, transmission lines, antennas, filters, and ferroelectrics, also respond to nonlinear radar. In this paper, the successful exploitation of harmonic radar for moving target imaging and synthetic aperture imaging of targets, while suppressing clutter signals from linear targets, are presented. Our results demonstrate some unique advantages of harmonic radar over its traditional linear counterpart.
High Reliefs from 3D Scenes (2015)

Abstract We present a method for synthesizing high reliefs, a sculpting technique that attaches 3D objects onto a 2D surface within a limited depth range. The main challenges are the preservation of distinct scene parts by preserving depth discontinuities, the fine details of the shape, and the overall continuity of the scene. Bas relief depth compression methods such as gradient compression and depth range compression are not applicable for high relief production. Instead, our method is based on differential coordinates to bring scene elements to the relief plane while preserving depth discontinuities and surface details of the scene. We select a user‐defined number of attenuation points within the scene, attenuate these points towards the relief plane and recompute the positions of all scene elements by preserving the differential coordinates. Finally, if the desired depth range is not achieved we apply a range compression. High relief synthesis is semi‐automatic and can be controlled by user‐defined parameters to adjust the depth range, as well as the placement of the scene elements with respect to the relief plane.
Molecular Biology and Pathology of Scrapie and the Prion Diseases of Humans (1991)

Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy of animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker diseases of humans are transmissible and genetic neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions. Infectious prion particles are composed largely, if not entirely, of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein which is encoded by a chromosomal gene. An as yet unidentified post-translational process converts the cellular prion protein into an abnormal isoform. Scrapie neuropathology, incubation times, and prion synthesis in transgenic mice are controlled by the prion protein gene. Point mutations in the prion protein genes of animals and humans are genetically linked to development of neurodegeneration. Transgenic mice expressing mutant prion proteins spontaneously develop neurologic dysfunction and spongiform neuropathology. Studies of prion diseases may advance investigations of other neurodegenerative disorders and of how neurons differentiate, function for decades and grow senescent.
A Motion Detection Algorithm Using Local Phase Information (2016)

Previous research demonstrated that global phase alone can be used to faithfully represent visual scenes. Here we provide a reconstruction algorithm by using only local phase information. We also demonstrate that local phase alone can be effectively used to detect local motion. The local phase-based motion detector is akin to models employed to detect motion in biological vision, for example, the Reichardt detector. The local phase-based motion detection algorithm introduced here consists of two building blocks. The first building block measures/evaluates the temporal change of the local phase. The temporal derivative of the local phase is shown to exhibit the structure of a second order Volterra kernel with two normalized inputs. We provide an efficient, FFT-based algorithm for implementing the change of the local phase. The second processing building block implements the detector; it compares the maximum of the Radon transform of the local phase derivative with a chosen threshold. We demonstrate examples of applying the local phase-based motion detection algorithm on several video sequences. We also show how the locally detected motion can be used for segmenting moving objects in video scenes and compare our local phase-based algorithm to segmentation achieved with a widely used optic flow algorithm.
Free radical addition of thiolacetic acid to esters and amides of unsaturated acids and screening of the products for antimicrobial activity (1976)

Abstract Free radical addition of thiolacetic acid to terminal and internal double bonds of mono‐and diunsaturated amides, as well as to unsaturated esters, was achieved by irradiation with Cobalt‐60. Screening for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus species, Torula species, and Candida albicans indicated that terminal addition products may be more active than internal addition products.
P‐170: Optical Touch Screen based on Grating and Waveguide (2014)

Abstract An optical touch screen based on gratings and waveguides is proposed. Light from the backlight source with the wavelength of 440nm is coupled into the waveguide matrix by gratings for sensing. Small detector arrays are included. The design significantly reduces the cost and complexity as compared to conventional optical touch technologies, which can also improve the color purity of the display.
COMMERCIAL MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUID DEVICES (1996)

Controllable magnetorheological (MR) fluid devices have reached the stage where they are in commercial production. Such devices are finding application in a variety of real world situations ranging from active vibration control to aerobic exercise equipment. Examples of several, commercial MR fluid devices are described and the comparative ability of MR and ER fluids to meet the needs of practical devices is discussed.
Flexible RF band pass analog to digital converter for multi-channel receivers (2007)

Many wireless and sensor receivers are pushing the analog to digital interface into the RF/IF region to reduce analog components, size and power, and to increase flexibility associated with more processing in the digital domain. This paper presents a flexible band pass ADC that supports A to D conversion at RF or IF with high resolution and relatively low sampling frequencies. The Band Pass ADC architecture incorporates sub-sampling, time interleaving, and delta sigma noise shaping. Time interleaving four low pass delta sigma modulator ADCs with sampling frequencies of fs facilitates a band pass ADC with a center frequency of fs or 3 fs. The quantization noise is reduced in a bandwidth fb near the center frequencies with an effective delta sigma over sampling ratio of fs/fb. MATLAB simulation results show that more than 8 bits of resolution are obtained for center frequencies in the 1.8 GHz to 3.0 GHz region with a bandwidth of 70 MHz using time interleaved first order delta sigma modulators operating with sampling frequencies of 600 MHz to 1.0 GHz. Resolution is increased for smaller bandwidths. Band Pass ADC center frequencies are changed by adjusting the modulator sampling frequency fs providing flexibility for a multichannel receiver.
Performing Stochastic Computation Deterministically (2019)

Stochastic logic performs computation on data represented by random bit-streams. The representation allows complex arithmetic to be performed with very simple logic, but it suffers from high latency and poor precision. Furthermore, the results are always somewhat inaccurate due to random fluctuations. In this paper, we show that randomness is not a requirement for this computational paradigm. If properly structured, the same arithmetical constructs can operate on deterministic bit-streams, with the data represented uniformly by the fraction of 1's versus 0's. This paper presents three approaches for the computation: relatively prime stream lengths, rotation, and clock division. Unlike stochastic methods, all three of our deterministic methods produce completely accurate results. The cost of generating the deterministic streams is a small fraction of the cost of generating streams from random/pseudorandom sources. Most importantly, the latency is reduced by a factor of (1/2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> ), where n is the equivalent number of bits of precision. When computing in unary, the bit-stream length increases with each level of logic. This is an inevitable consequence of the representation, but it can result in unmanageable bit-stream lengths. We discuss two methods for maintaining constant bit-streams lengths via approximations, based on low-discrepancy sequences. These methods provide the best accuracy and area × delay product. They are fast-converging and therefore offer progressive precision.
Dual-source multi-energy CT with triple or quadruple x-ray beams (2016)

Energy-resolved photon-counting CT (PCCT) is promising for material decomposition with multi-contrast agents. However, corrections for non-idealities of PCCT detectors are required, which are still active research areas. In addition, PCCT is associated with very high cost due to lack of mass production. In this work, we proposed an alternative approach to performing multi-energy CT, which was achieved by acquiring triple or quadruple x-ray beam measurements on a dual-source CT scanner. This strategy was based on a "Twin Beam" design on a single-source scanner for dual-energy CT. Examples of beam filters and spectra for triple and quadruple x-ray beam were provided. Computer simulation studies were performed to evaluate the accuracy of material decomposition for multi-contrast mixtures using a tri-beam configuration. The proposed strategy can be readily implemented on a dual-source scanner, which may allow material decomposition of multi-contrast agents to be performed on clinical CT scanners with energy-integrating detector.
Volume Holographic Grating Wavelength Stabilized Laser Diodes (2007)

Volume holographic gratings (VHGs) are the key components for producing laser diodes (LDs) with a temperature-stabilized wavelength and narrowed linewidth. We review the unique characteristics of these gratings that make them useful for this application as well as various alternative approaches of stabilizing LDs and their performance.
Mitigation of Zigzag Noise on DAS VSP Records Acquired in Vertical Wells (2020)

Summary Fiber-optic cables deployed by means of wireline or coiled tubing in vertical wells can exhibit zones where the cable is not acoustically coupled to the formation or casing. In these situations, a reverberating noise train, commonly referred to as zigzag noise, appears in the distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile records in zones with poor coupling. This noise propagates trapped in this uncoupled zone, first down the cable and then back upwards, with low losses making it a time persistent problem. No universal solution has been determined to help mitigate this noise. A novel method is proposed to first identify the noise characteristics, and then adaptively subtract an estimate of the noise from the records. The methodology is explained and examples provided, demonstrating its effectiveness to help mitigate the noise.
A rapid field test for the measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (2015)

ATR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis shows potential as an alternative approach for rapid quantification of IgG concentrations in bovine serum and the diagnosis of FTPI in calves.
Laser cutting of large-aspect-ratio rectangular blanks in thick sheet metal: Thermal stress analysis (2008)

The laser cutting of high-aspect-ratio (length to width) rectangular blanks from a thick sheet steel is carried out and the temperature and thermal stress fields in the cut sections are examined. The temperature and stress fields are computed using the finite element model and X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to measure the residual stress levels in the corners of the cut geometry. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy unit is used to examine the morphological and metallurgical changes in the cut section. It is found that the von Mises stress remains high in the region of the cut surfaces and the predicted values of the residual stress closely agree with experimental results. The micrographs reveal that the cut sections are free from cracks.
Asymmetric modulation of a catecholamine‐regulated protein in the rat brain, following quinpirole administration (2003)

We previously reported a brain-specific 40 kDa catecholamine-regulated protein (CRP40) that binds dopamine (DA) and related catecholamines. CPR40 shares significant sequence homology with human heat shock protein (Hsp70), GRP78/BIP, and human #BQ24193 protein. Recent studies with the DA D(2) receptor antagonist, haloperidol, demonstrated a significant increase in expression of CRP40 in the striatum (STR). The objective of the present study was to investigate CRP40 expression in various brain regions following treatments with the DA D(2)/D(3) receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP) in rats and examine possible relationships between neurochemical parameters and locomotor activity. Rats received injections of either QNP (0.5 mg/kg, for 27 days every third day) or saline (SAL) and their locomotor activities were measured for 90 min after each injection. At injection 9, QNP-treated rats showed locomotor activity that was significantly greater than SAL controls (F(2,28) = 3.88, P < 0.05, Duncan's multiple range test, P < 0.05). Neurochemically, acute QNP-treated rats demonstrated significant differential expression of CRP40 in the left/right prefrontal cortex (PFC) relative to SAL-treated rats (-17.76 +/- 2.10%, -10.35 +/- 1.23%, P < 0.001). Chronic QNP significantly decreased CRP40 expression in the STR, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and left/right PFC (-24.85+/- 2.10%, -18.15 +/- 5.64%, -49.13 +/- 7.05%, -25 +/- 3.63%, P < 0.001). Finally, chronic QNP treatment resulted in a significant increase in CRP40 levels in the nucleus accumbens (NA) (+39.32 +/- 7.00%, P < 0.001). Heat shock protein (i.e., Hsp70 or Hsc70) expression remained unaltered following QNP treatment. Since QNP is a DA D(2)/D(3) agonist, alterations in CRP40 expression following QNP treatment suggest the protein's function in dopaminergic neurotransmission.
Durability of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Modules (2010)

It was investigated that the intrusion of water into the electrolyte was the most critical reason for the low stability of a dye-sensitized solar cell. To prevent the water intrusion, robust solar cells and submodules with a novel protection layer of metal circuit and tightly sealing package was developed. The excellent stability of the cell with ionic liquid electrolyte at high temperature conditions was also reveled. The resulting cell employing noble construction and ionic liquid electrolyte showed an extremely high stability to pass several endurance tests standardized in JIS for the stability of the photovoltaic submodule.
A Closed-Form Solution for RSS/AoA Target Localization by Spherical Coordinates Conversion (2016)

This letter addresses the problem of target localization in a 3-D space, utilizing combined measurements of received signal strength and angle of arrival (AoA). By using the spherical coordinate conversion and available AoA observations to establish new relationships between the measurements and the unknown target location, we derive a simple closed-form solution method. We then show that the proposed method has straightforward adaptation to the case where the target’s transmit power is also not known. Simulation results validate the outstanding performance of the proposed method.
Cochlin-Tomoprotein: A Novel Perilymph-Specific Protein and a Potential Marker for the Diagnosis of Perilymphatic Fistula (2009)

The results strongly suggest that CTP can be a specific marker of perilymph leakage. Moreover, CTP has the potential to be a biochemical marker that allows a definitive diagnosis of the etiology of PLF-related hearing loss and vestibular disorders.