gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoenterography for detection of intestinal ischemia in rabbits (2002)

Human intestinal ischemia is a potentially fatal medical emergency that does not currently have a reliable noninvasive method of diagnosis. Previous animal studies using serosal electrodes have shown that ischemic small bowel has a lower basic electrical rhythm (BER) frequency than normal bowel. The authors investigate the use of a SQUID magnetometer to measure noninvasively the decrease in BER frequency associated with small bowel ischemia in a rabbit model.
Single and Multiple Longitudinal Wavelength Generation in Green Diode Lasers (2019)

Single and multiple wavelength laser systems are presented that employ self-injection locked InGaN/GaN green laser diodes in an external cavity configuration with a partially reflective mirror. A stable and simultaneous locking of up to four longitudinal Fabry-Perot modes of the system cavity is demonstrated with appreciable signal-to-noise-ratio of ~13 dB and average mode linewidth of ~150 pm. The multi-wavelength spectrum exhibited a flat-top emission with nearly equal power distribution among the modes and an analogous mode spacing of ~0.5 nm. This first demonstration of multi-wavelength generation source is highly attractive in a multitude of cross-disciplinary field applications besides asserting the prospects of narrow wavelength spaced multiplexed visible light communication. Moreover, an extended two-stage self-injection locked near single wavelength visible laser system is also presented. An ultra-narrow linewidth of ~34 pm is realized at 525.05 nm locked wavelength from this innovative system, with ~20 dB side-mode-suppression-ratio; thus signifying a paradigm shift toward semiconductor lasers for near single lasing wavelength generation, which is presently dominated by other kinds of laser technologies.
Role of c-kit ligand in the expansion of human hematopoietic progenitor cells (1992)

To test the hypothesis that the c-kit ligand plays an important role in the regulation of early events occurring during human hematopoiesis, we determined the effect of a recombinant form of c-kit ligand, termed mast cell growth factor (MGF), on the high-proliferative potential colony-forming cell (HPP-CFC) and the cell responsible for initiating long-term hematopoiesis in vitro (LTBMIC). MGF alone did not promote HPP-CFC colony formation by CD34+ DR- CD15- marrow cells, but synergistically augmented the ability of a combination of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) interleukin (IL)-3 and a recombinant GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein (FP) to promote the formation of HPP-CFC-derived colonies. MGF had a similarly profound effect on in vitro long-term hematopoiesis. Repeated additions of IL-3, GM-CSF, or FP alone to CD34+ DR- CD15- marrow cells in a stromal cell-free culture system increased cell numbers 10(3)-fold by day 56 of long-term bone marrow culture (LTBMC), while combinations of MGF with IL-3 or FP yielded 10(4)- and 10(5)-fold expansion of cell numbers. Expansion of the number of assayable colony-forming unit-granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM) generated during LTBMC was also markedly enhanced when MGF was added in combination with IL-3 or FP. In addition, MGF, IL-3, and FP individually led to a twofold to threefold increase in HPP-CFC numbers after 14 to 21 days of LTBMC. Furthermore, the effects of these cytokines on HPP-CFC expansion during LTBMC were additive. Throughout the LTBMC, cells receiving MGF possessed a higher cloning efficiency than those receiving IL-3, GM-CSF, or FP alone. These data indicate that the c-kit ligand synergistically interacts with a number of cytokines to directly augment the proliferative capacity of primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Epigenetic Regulation of Neuregulin-1 Tunes White Adipose Stem Cell Differentiation (2020)

Expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue by differentiation of new adipocytes has been linked to improvements in metabolic health. However, an expandability limit has been observed wherein new adipocytes cannot be produced, the existing adipocytes become enlarged (hypertrophic) and lipids spill over into ectopic sites. Inappropriate ectopic storage of these surplus lipids in liver, muscle, and visceral depots has been linked with metabolic dysfunction. Here we show that Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) serves as a regulator of adipogenic differentiation in subcutaneous primary human stem cells. We further demonstrate that DNA methylation modulates NRG1 expression in these cells, and a 3-day exposure of stem cells to a recombinant NRG1 peptide fragment is sufficient to reprogram adipogenic cellular differentiation to higher levels. These results define a novel molecular adipogenic rheostat with potential implications for the expansion of adipose tissue in vivo.
In-Vivo Intensity Correction and Segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Image Data (1994)

Applications that use the structural contents of MRI are facilitated by segmenting the imaged volume into different tissue types. Such tissue segmentation is often achieved by applying statistical classification methods to the signal intensities [Gerig el ai., 1989] [Cline et al., 1990] [Vannier et al., 1985] , sometimes in conjunction with morphological image processing operations. Intensity-based classification of MR images has proven problematic, however, even when advanced techniques such as non-parametric multi-channel methods are used, primarily due to spatial intensity inhomogeneities that are due to the equipment. When differentiating between white matter and gray matter in the brain, the spatial intensity inhomogeneities are often of sufficient magnitude to cause the distributions of intensities associated with these two tissue classes to overlap, thereby defeating intensity-based classification. This paper describes a statistical method that uses knowledge of tissue properties and intensity inhomogeneities to correct in-vivo MR images. The result is a method that allows for more accurate segmentation of tissue types as well as better visualization of MRI data.
Efficient hybrid materials for optical power limiting at telecommunication wavelengths (2014)

This work describes the preparation and characterization of the first efficient solid-state optical limiter operating in the NIR region (telecommunication wavelengths). Nonlinear absorbing chromophores (azabodipy) are incorporated into a sol–gel monolithic matrix using a specifically adapted process, which preserves the chemical integrity of the dyes in the solid. Efficient broadband OPL performances in the solid state could be observed for the first time in the NIR region between 1200 and 1600 nm, with a maximal efficiency around 1300 nm. The properties observed in the solid sol–gel matrix are even better than those in solution, which shows the great potential of this approach regarding protection of active imaging systems against self-dazzling and laser aggression.
Highly sensitive and full-genome interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 using multiplexed PCR enrichment followed by next-generation sequencing (2020)

Abstract Many detection methods have been used or reported for the diagnosis and/or surveillance of COVID-19. Among them, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used because of its high sensitivity, typically claiming detection of about 5 copies of viruses. However, it has been reported that only 47-59% of the positive cases were identified by some RT-PCR methods, probably due to low viral load, timing of sampling, degradation of virus RNA in the sampling process, or possible mutations spanning the primer binding sites. Therefore, alternative and highly sensitive methods are imperative. With the goal of improving sensitivity and accommodating various application settings, we developed a multiplex-PCR-based method comprised of 343 pairs of specific primers, and demonstrated its efficiency to detect SARS-CoV-2 at low copy numbers. The assay produced clean characteristic target peaks of defined sizes, which allowed for direct identification of positives by electrophoresis. We further amplified the entire SARS-CoV-2 genome from 8 to half a million viral copies purified from 13 COVID-19 positive specimens, and detected mutations through next generation sequencing. Finally, we developed a multiplex-PCR-based metagenomic method in parallel, that required modest sequencing depth for uncovering SARS-CoV-2 mutational diversity and potentially novel or emerging isolates.
Slice‐selective tunable‐flip adiabatic low peak‐power excitation pulse (2008)

Adiabatic pulses are useful in achieving uniform excitation profiles in the presence of B(1)-inhomogeneity. At higher fields, this inhomogeneity becomes more severe, further amplifying the need for B(1)-insensitive excitation. Although gradient modulation techniques for slice-selective adiabatic excitation have been introduced, a pulse that falls within the gradient and RF amplifier limits for most commercial human scanners is currently unavailable. In this work, we present an alternative gradient modulated approach for pulse design that achieves adiabatic slice selection with significantly lower RF peak power requirements. The resulting Slice-selective Tunable-flip AdiaBatic Low peak-power Excitation (STABLE) pulse consists of an oscillating gradient in conjunction with a BIR-4-like RF envelope that is sampled by many short spatial subpulses to achieve spatial selectivity. Simulations show that the expected spatial profile as well as the off-resonance behavior of the pulse remain invariant for a range of B(1) values. Phantom and in vivo results demonstrate the adiabaticity and slice selectivity of the STABLE pulse.
A High Spatial Resolution Depth Sensing Method Based on Binocular Structured Light (2017)

Depth information has been used in many fields because of its low cost and easy availability, since the Microsoft Kinect was released. However, the Kinect and Kinect-like RGB-D sensors show limited performance in certain applications and place high demands on accuracy and robustness of depth information. In this paper, we propose a depth sensing system that contains a laser projector similar to that used in the Kinect, and two infrared cameras located on both sides of the laser projector, to obtain higher spatial resolution depth information. We apply the block-matching algorithm to estimate the disparity. To improve the spatial resolution, we reduce the size of matching blocks, but smaller matching blocks generate lower matching precision. To address this problem, we combine two matching modes (binocular mode and monocular mode) in the disparity estimation process. Experimental results show that our method can obtain higher spatial resolution depth without loss of the quality of the range image, compared with the Kinect. Furthermore, our algorithm is implemented on a low-cost hardware platform, and the system can support the resolution of 1280 × 960, and up to a speed of 60 frames per second, for depth image sequences.
Diversity of DNA Fingerprints of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Isolates in the United States (1998)

To investigate the diversity of IS6110 fingerprints of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the United States and to determine if matching IS6110 fingerprints represent recent interstate tuberculosis transmission, we performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of M. tuberculosis isolates from 1,326 patients in three geographically separated states. Seven hundred ninety-five different IS6110 fingerprint patterns were generated, and pattern diversity was similar in each state. Ninety-six percent of the fingerprint patterns were observed in only one state, demonstrating that most IS6110 fingerprint patterns are confined to a single geographic location. Of the IS6110 fingerprint patterns that were shared by isolates from more than one state, most isolates with 1 to 5 IS6110 copies were separable by pTBN12 fingerprinting whereas those with > 15 copies were not. One high-copy-number M. tuberculosis strain had identical IS6110 and pTBN12 fingerprints and included 57 isolates from three states. Epidemiological data demonstrated significant recent transmission of tuberculosis within each city but not among the states. This suggests that identical fingerprints of isolates from geographically separate locations most likely reflect interstate tuberculosis transmission in the past, with subsequent intrastate spread of disease. Further evaluation of M. tuberculosis strains that cause outbreaks in different geographic locations will provide insight into the epidemiological and bacteriological factors that facilitate the spread of tuberculosis.
Neural network for current transformer saturation correction (1999)

Current transformer (CT) saturation can cause protective relay misoperation or even prevent tripping. This paper presents use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to correct CT secondary waveform distortions. The ANN is trained to achieve the inverse transfer function of iron-core toroidal current transformers which are widely used in protective systems. The ANN provides a good estimate of the true (primary) current for a saturated transformer. The neural network is developed using MATLAB and trained using data from EMTP simulations, and data generated from actual CTs. In order to handle large dynamic ranges of fault currents, a technique of employing two sets of network coefficients is used. Different sets of network coefficients deal with different fault current ranges. The algorithm for running the network was implemented on an Analog Devices ADSP-2101 digital signal processor. The calculating speed and accuracy proved to be satisfactory in real-time application.
Power Network-on-Chip for Scalable Power Delivery (2014)

Delivering high quality power to the on-chip circuitry with minimum energy loss is an essential component of integrated circuits. The quality of the power supply can be efficiently addressed with multiple power supplies and decoupling capacitors integrated on-chip close to the points-of-load. Distributed power delivery requires the co-design of hundreds of power converters with thousands of decoupling capacitors and billions of current loads within multiple power domains, significantly increasing the design complexity of existing power delivery systems. Efficient real-time management of the power budget in these complicated distributed power delivery systems is impractical with existing ad hoc approaches. The concept of a power network on-chip (PNoC) is introduced here as a systematic methodological solution for on-chip power delivery and management that provides enhanced power control and real-time management of resource sharing. A PNoC with four power domains is investigated based on the proposed architecture, and circuits for sensing, routing, and dynamic control of the on-chip power are described. The built-in modularity of the PNoC is exploited to apply dynamic voltage scaling, illustrating the scalability of the PNoC platform, while exhibiting power savings of up to 32%.
Knockdown of Genes Involved in Transcription and Splicing Reveals Novel RNAi Targets for Pest Control (2021)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising next generation technology for the development of species-specific pest management. The key to successful RNAi based-plant protection is dependent in part on data-driven target gene selection, a challenging task due to the absence of laboratory strains and the seasonality of most pest species. In this study, we aimed to identify novel target genes by performing a knowledge-based approach in order to expand the spectrum of known potent RNAi targets. Recently, the protein-coding genes ncm, Rop, RPII-140 , and dre4 have been identified as sensitive RNAi targets for pest control. Based on these potent RNAi targets, we constructed an interaction network and analyzed a selection of 30 genes in the model beetle Tribolium castaneum via injection of dsRNA synthesized by in vitro transcription. Nineteen of these targets induced significant mortality of over 70%, including six that caused 100% lethality. Orthologs of active T. castaneum RNAi targets were verified in the economically important coleopteran pests Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and Brassicogethes aeneus . Knockdown of D. v. virgifera genes coding for transcription factor Spt5, Spt6 , and RNA polymerase II subunit RPII-33 caused over 90% mortality in larval feeding assays. Injection of dsRNA constructs targeting RPII-215 or the pre-mRNA-processing factor Prp19 into adult B. aeneus resulted in high lethality rates of 93 and 87%, respectively. In summary, the demonstrated knowledge-based approaches increased the probability of identifying novel lethal RNAi target genes from 2% (whole genome) to 36% (transcription- and splicing-related genes). In addition, performing RNAi pre-screening in a model insect increased also the probability of the identification essential genes in the difficult-to-work-with pest species D. v. virgifera and B. aeneus .
Electro-optical behavior of polymer dispersed blue phase liquid crystals (2015)

We have investigated a new form of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) electro-optical films comprised of blue phase liquid crystal and polymer prepared by the solvent evaporation method. In this method, polymer dispersed blue phase (PDBP) films, which were laminated between two indium-tin-oxidecoated conductive substrates, demonstrated two switching modes between light scattering and transparent states in response to an applied electric field across the film. The electro-optical properties of PDBP liquid crystals can be altered by changing the concentrations of liquid crystal and polymer. The compositions, film preparations, physical and morphological behaviors, and electro-optical properties of PDBP films are described.
Multivariate Optimization of Surfactant Systems for Tertiary Oil Recovery (1981)

Abstract A new method of optimization has been developed for tertiary oil recovery systems employing surfactants. This method simultaneously adjusts all composition variables in a manner which greatly reduces the total number of compositions which need to be investigated experimentally. This multivariate optimization technique has been applied to two petroleum sulfonate systems, one containing a pure hydrocarbon and the other containing a crude oil. In both cases, significant reductions of interfacial tensions were achieved relative to those obtained by conventional optimization with respect to salinity alone. Surfactant systems for tertiary oil recovery commonly involve at least five components: oil, water, surfactant, cosurfactant, and electrolyte. The optimization of such systems is hindered by this large number of components and because interpolation of behavior is often difficult. Previously, such systems have been optimized by adjusting concentrations of individual components empirically. These empirical optimizations have indicated that surfactant systems which form three phases are preferred for oil recovery although they are not necessarily fully optimized. As stated by the Gibbs phase rule, a five-component, three-phase system has only two degrees of freedom at constant temperature and pressure. These two degrees of freedom can be identified mathematically by making use of chemical analysis of a three-phase sample. Thus, optimization of three-phase surfactant systems can be accomplished by adjusting only two variables, resulting in a dramatic reduction of time and effort required to optimize such systems. For the systems studied, both the volume per unit mass of surfactant and the viscosity of the microemulsion phase are increased significantly even though the optimization was based on interfacial tension only. These bonuses should lead to improved sweep efficiency in the displacement process.
A new approach for non-cooperative iris recognition (2009)

Traditional iris recognition algorithms can work well for the frontal iris images. However, when the gaze of an eye changes with respect to the camera lens, many times the size, shape, and detail of iris patterns will change as well and cannot be matched to enrolled images using traditional methods. Additionally, the transformation of off-angle eyes to polar coordinates becomes much more challenging and noncooperative iris algorithms will require a different approach. In this paper, we propose a new approach for iris recognition. This new method does not require polar transformation, affine transformation or highly accurate segmentation to perform iris recognition. Our research results using the remote non-cooperative iris Image database show that the proposed method works well on frontal look images and off-angle images as well.
Nonlinear systems based optical neural net architectures (1989)

To increase the storage capacity of the Hopfield-type neural network, the spurious states need to be reduced or eliminated. Recently, a new type of attractor called a terminal attractor, which represents singular solutions of a neural dynamic system, has been introduced 1 for the elimination of spurious states in associative memory. These terminal attractors are characterized by having finite relaxation times, no spurious states, and infinite stability. They provide a means of real time high density associative memory applications and potential solutions of learning and global optimization problems. The original terminal attractor model assumed continuous variable representation of neural states in the neural dynamic equations. Also, sigmoidal thresholding functions are assumed. These assumptions present difficulties for optical implementations. To implement the terminal attractor model, we have made modifications to incorporate this model to the associative memory system.
Photonic wires and trumpets for ultrabright single photon sources (2013)

Photonic wires have recently demonstrated very attractive assets in the field of high-efficiency single photon sources. After presenting the basics of spontaneous emission control in photonic wires, we compare the two possible tapering strategies that can be applied to their output end so as to tailor their radiation diagram in the far-field. We highlight the novel “photonic trumpet” geometry, which provides a clean Gaussian beam, and is much less sensitive to fabrication imperfections than the more common needle-like taper geometry. S4Ps based on a single QD in a PW with integrated bottom mirror and tapered tip display jointly a record-high efficiency (0.75±0.1 photon per pulse) and excellent single photon purity. Beyond single photon sources, photonic wires and trumpets appear as a very attractive resource for solid-state quantum optics experiments.
Synthesis of Some Smectic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Their Ferroelectricity (1988)

Abstract Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline polymers were synthesized. They are acrylate polymers whose side chains contain a flexible spacer unit, a mesogen unit and an optically active substratate. Their liquid crystalline properties were determined by DSC analysis, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and the observation of spontaneous polarization. The response time was as small as milliseconds.
Discriminative Gabor Feature Selection for Hyperspectral Image Classification (2012)

Three-dimensional Gabor wavelets have recently been successfully applied for hyperspectral image classification due to their ability to extract joint spatial and spectrum information. However, the dimension of the extracted Gabor feature is incredibly huge. In this letter, we propose a symmetrical-uncertainty-based and Markov-blanket-based approach to select informative and nonredundant Gabor features for hyperspectral image classification. The extracted Gabor features with large dimension are first ranked by their information contained for classification and then added one by one after investigating the redundancy with already selected features. The proposed approach was fully tested on the widely used Indian Pine site data. The results show that the selected features are much more efficient and can achieve similar performance with previous approach using only hundreds of features.