gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Power Transfer (2022)

Nikola Tesla's dream in the early 20th century of a World Wireless System led him to build the Wardenclyffe Tower, a prototype base station serving as an emitter for his World Wireless System. The base station was to supply wireless electrical energy to a distant receiver. This book builds upon that dream and is a result of intensive research interest in powerline, machine to machine communications and wireless power transfer globally. Wireless energy transfer or Witricity (WIreless elecTRICITY) transfers electricity instead of data. The technology is useful in cases where instantaneous or continuous energy is needed but interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. The transfer is made through inductive coupling and electromagnetic radiation. Inductive coupling provides optimum power delivery to a receiver load if both the emitter and the receiver achieve magnetic resonance concurrently. Energy transfer systems mostly use antennas operating in their near field regions. As fossil energy sources are being depleted rapidly worldwide and oil prices soar, solar energy enhanced with wireless power transfer (WPT) have become reasonable alternatives for renewable energy and power harvesting. They are finding use in transportation, electric and hybrid vehicles, very fast trains and the emerging field of Internet of Things. This book is written by the leading experts on wireless energy transfer technology and its applications. It introduces and explains the technology in great details and provides the theory and practice of WPT through the two approaches of coupled mode theory and circuit theory. Both approaches are dependent on resonance techniques. The level of presentation is suitable for design and training. In depth coverage is provided on near field concepts; coupled-mode theory and models; circuit models of inductive antennas; radiative and inductive wireless power transfer, wireless power relay concepts, optimization techniques for wireless power transfer systems, control of wireless power transfer systems, wireless charging concepts; wireless energy transfer applications in electric vehicles, embedded medical systems and propagation in human tissues. Each chapter is written by experts on a selected aspect of wireless energy transfer. The authors have gone to great lengths to provide worked examples to assist the reader in working through some of the difficult concepts and to allow more understanding. The book is an excellent foundation for applying wireless energy transfer technologies in most fields including transportation, communication, home automation, biomedical systems and home appliances. The book is recommended to practitioners and engineers in the power industry, students in universities and research institutes. Honours and post graduate students in Physics, electrical/electronic engineering and computer science will find the book easy to read and apply because of the mode of presentation.
Metformin in Chronic Kidney Disease: Time for a Rethink (2014)

Metformin has traditionally been regarded as contraindicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), though guidelines in recent years have been relaxed to permit therapy if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is > 30 mL/min. The main problem is the perceived risk of lactic acidosis (LA). Epidemiological evidence suggests that this fear is disproportionate. Lactic acidosis is a rare complication to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with an incidence of 6/100,000 patient-years. The risk is not increased in metformin-treated patients. Metformin possesses a number of clinical effects independent of glucose reduction, including weight loss, which are beneficial to patients. The risk of death and cardiovascular disease is reduced by about a third in non-CKD patients. Since metformin intoxication undoubtedly causes LA, and metformin is renally excreted, inappropriate dosage of metformin will increase the risk of LA. It is suggested that introduction of metformin therapy to more advanced stages of CKD may bring therapeutic benefits that outweigh the possible risks.
Display Characteristics and the Impact on Usability for Stereo (2000)

Over the past decade, the number of electronic display technologies available to consumers has risen dramatically, and the capabilities of existing technologies have expanded. This proliferation of choices provides new opportunities for visual stereo presentation, but also new challenges. The methods of implementing stereo on an electronic display, optimized for the original capabilities of the original displays, may no longer be the best choices. Features such as response time, frame rate, aspect ratio, sync timing, pixel registration, and temporal modulation of grayscale (brightness) and color can strongly influence the process of selecting an optimum presentation format for a given display technology. Display performance issues such as brightness, contrast, flicker, image distortion, defective pixels, and mura are more critical in 3D imagery than in 2D. Susceptibility to burn-in limits the implementation choices for a display that is to be used for both 3D and 2D applications. Resolution and frame rate establish the overall capability for representing depth, and also establish the performance requirements for the engine providing the 3D material.
Near-Infrared Dyes: Probe Development and Applications in Optical Molecular Imaging (2011)

The recent emergence of optical imaging has brought forth a unique challenge for chemists: development of new biocompatible dyes that fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR) region for optimal use in biomedical applications. This review describes the synthesis of NIR dyes and the design of probes capable of noninvasively imaging molecular events in small animal models.
Ultraweak Photon Emission as a Non-Invasive Health Assessment: A Systematic Review (2014)

We conducted a systematic review (SR) of the peer reviewed scientific literature on ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) from humans. The question was: Can ultraweak photon emissions from humans be used as a non-invasive health assessment? A systematic search was conducted across eight relevant databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, BIOSIS, CINAHL, PSYCHINFO, All of Cochrane EBM databases, GIDEON, DoD Biomedical Research, and clinicaltrials.gov from database inception to October 2011. Of the 1315 studies captured by the search strategy, 56 met the inclusion criteria, out of which 1 was a RCT, 27 were CCT, and 28 were observational and descriptive studies. There were no systematic reviews/meta-analyses that fit the inclusion criteria. In this report, the authors provide an assessment of the quality of the RCT included; describe the characteristics of all the included studies, the outcomes assessed, and the effectiveness of photon emission as a potential health assessment tool. This report demonstrates that the peer reviewed literature on UPE and human UPE measurement in particular is surprisingly large. Most of the human UPE literature is of good to high quality based on our systematic evaluation. However, an evaluation tool for systematically evaluating this type of "bio-evaluation" methodology is not currently available and would be worth developing. Publications in the peer reviewed literature over the last 50 years demonstrate that the use of "off-the-shelf" technologies and well described methodologies for the detection of human photon emissions are being used on a regular basis in medical and research settings. The overall quality of this literature is good and the use of this approach for determining inflammatory and oxidative states of patients indicate the growing use and value of this approach as both a medical and research tool.
A simple method to design wide-band electronically tunable combline filters (2002)

A new systematic approach for designing wide-band tunable combline filters is presented. New results on tunable combline filter theory are proposed and explicit design formulas, to obtain the filter design parameters from specifications, are included. These design parameters are: center frequency, resonator electrical length, instantaneous bandwidth, and tuning capacitance. The proposed design technique is used to construct an X-band wide-band microstrip tunable filter from 8 to 12 GHz with commercial GaAs FETs as tuning elements. Parasitic effects and simulation problems are also discussed.
Aqueous Gating of van der Waals Materials on Bilayer Nanopaper (2014)

In this work, we report transistors made of van der Waals materials on a mesoporous paper with a smooth nanoscale surface. The aqueous transistor has a novel planar structure with source, drain, and gate electrodes on the same surface of the paper, while the mesoporous paper is used as an electrolyte reservoir. These transistors are enabled by an all-cellulose paper with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) on the top surface that leads to an excellent surface smoothness, while the rest of the microsized cellulose fibers can absorb electrolyte effectively. Based on two-dimensional van der Waals materials, including MoS2 and graphene, we demonstrate high-performance transistors with a large on-off ratio and low subthreshold swing. Such planar transistors with absorbed electrolyte gating can be used as sensors integrated with other components to form paper microfluidic systems. This study is significant for future paper-based electronics and biosensors.
Tag-Enhanced Tree-Structured Neural Networks for Implicit Discourse\n Relation Classification (2018)

Identifying implicit discourse relations between text spans is a challenging\ntask because it requires understanding the meaning of the text. To tackle this\ntask, recent studies have tried several deep learning methods but few of them\nexploited the syntactic information. In this work, we explore the idea of\nincorporating syntactic parse tree into neural networks. Specifically, we\nemploy the Tree-LSTM model and Tree-GRU model, which are based on the tree\nstructure, to encode the arguments in a relation. Moreover, we further leverage\nthe constituent tags to control the semantic composition process in these\ntree-structured neural networks. Experimental results show that our method\nachieves state-of-the-art performance on PDTB corpus.\n
Microphones with rigidly supported piezopolymer membranes (1980)

Piezoelectric microphones are described which utilize a rigidly supported, curved polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The microphones can be designed with a resonance frequency of about 5 kHz and a sensitivity of −55 to −60 dBV per N/m2. The harmonic distortion is typically below 1% for sound-pressure levels up to 100 dB. Advantages of these microphone structures are the well-defined geometry of the membrane, good mechanical and thermal stability, and the possibility of varying the membrane tension and introducing damping by the membrane support.
A Design of the Conceptual Architecture for a Multitenant SaaS Application Platform (2011)

In this paper, the conceptual architecture of a SaaS platform that enables executing of configurable and multitenant SaaS application is proposed. Even though most of organizations utilize a standardized SaaS application developed by a SaaS developer, each of tenants would have unique requirements regarding service components. The platform provides several features for configuring these aspects of SaaS software such as organizational structure (role sets and access control), user interface, data model, workflow, and business logic. To satisfy multitenancy of SaaS application, we applied metadata driven architecture proposed by Force.com. The target SaaS platform is composed of the key components that supports SaaS Application execution environment that serves multiple tenant using a single service instance. An example scenario of SaaS software lifecycle is also described to explain how the target platform would be operated from development and deployment of SaaS application to configuration by tenants.
New exploration-the role of E-finance in small business financing (2013)

In the modern world, the business of network financing is one branch of E-finance innovation, which means the debit and credit activity between the enterprises and the financial institutions based on the network intermediary services. This paper analyses the utility and current situation of the network financing. Then through the comparison of different modes between domestic and foreign e-business enterprises, the article focus on finding out the solution to overcome the financing dilemma of small business and providing some recommendations to improve Chinese e-finance market.
From participatory sensing to Mobile Crowd Sensing (2014)

The research on the efforts of combining human and machine intelligence has a long history. With the development of mobile sensing and mobile Internet techniques, a new sensing paradigm called Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS), which leverages the power of citizens for large-scale sensing has become popular in recent years. As an evolution of participatory sensing, MCS has two unique features: (1) it involves both implicit and explicit participation; (2) MCS collects data from two user-participant data sources: mobile social networks and mobile sensing. This paper presents the literary history of MCS and its unique issues. A reference framework for MCS systems is also proposed. We further clarify the potential fusion of human and machine intelligence in MCS. Finally, we discuss the future research trends as well as our efforts to MCS.
Novel Aerial Manipulator for Accurate and Robust Industrial NDT Contact Inspection: A New Tool for the Oil and Gas Inspection Industry (2019)

There is a strong demand in the oil and gas industry to develop alternatives to manual inspection. This paper presents AeroX, a novel aerial robotic manipulator that provides physical contact inspection with unprecedented capabilities. AeroX has a semi-autonomous operation, which provides interesting advantages in contact inspection. In the free-flight mode, the pilot guides the robot until performing contact with its end-effector on the surface to be inspected. During contact, AeroX is in its fully-autonomous global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-free contact⁻flight mode, in which the robot keeps its relative position w.r.t. the surface contact point using only its internal sensors. During autonomous flight, the inspector can move-with uninterrupted contact-the end-effector on the surface for accurately selecting the points where to perform A-scan measurements or continuous B-scan or C-scan inspections. AeroX adopts an eight-tilted rotor configuration and a simple and efficient design, which provides high stability, maneuverability, and robustness to rotor failure. It can perform contact inspection on surfaces at any orientation, including vertical, inclined, horizontal-top or horizontal-bottom, and its operation can be easily integrated into current maintenance operations in many industries. It has been extensively validated in outdoor experiments including a refinery and has been awarded the EU Innovation Radar Prize 2017.
Nuclear Localization of Huntingtin mRNA Is Specific to Cells of Neuronal Origin (2018)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder representing an ideal candidate for gene silencing with oligonucleotide therapeutics (i.e., antisense oligonucleotides [ASOs] and small interfering RNAs [siRNAs]). Using an ultra-sensitive branched fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method, we show that ∼50% of wild-type HTT mRNA localizes to the nucleus and that its nuclear localization is observed only in neuronal cells. In mouse brain sections, we detect Htt mRNA predominantly in neurons, with a wide range of Htt foci observed per cell. We further show that siRNAs and ASOs efficiently eliminate cytoplasmic HTT mRNA and HTT protein, but only ASOs induce a partial but significant reduction of nuclear HTT mRNA. We speculate that, like other mRNAs, HTT mRNA subcellular localization might play a role in important neuronal regulatory mechanisms.
New 3π‐2Spiro Ladder‐Type Phenylene Materials: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties and Applications in OLEDs (2008)

New routes to ladder-type phenylene materials 1 and 2 are described. The oligomers 1 and 2, which possess a "3pi-2spiro" architecture, have been synthesized by using extended diketone derivatives 3 and 10 as key intermediates. The physicochemical properties of the new blue-light emitter 2 were studied in detail and compared with those of the less-extended 1. Owing to the recent development of fluorenone derivatives and their corresponding more conjugated analogues as potential electron-transport materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and as n-type materials for photovoltaic applications, we also report herein the thermal, optical and electrochemical behavior of the key intermediates, diketones 3 and 10. Finally, the application of dispiro 2 as a new light-emitting material in OLEDs is reported.
Design and analysis of multiphase DC-DC converters with coupled inductors (2007)

In this thesis, coupled inductors have been applied to multiphase DC-DC converters.\nDetailed analysis has been done to investigate the benefits of directly coupled inductors\nand inversely coupled inductors, compared to conventional uncoupled inductors. In\ngeneral, coupled inductors for multiphase DC-DC converters have inherent benefits such\nas excellent current sharing characteristics, immunity to component tolerance and\nreduction in current control complexity. Specifically, by employing directly coupled\ninductors for multiphase DC-DC converters, overall current ripple can be effectively\nreduced, compared to that of uncoupled inductors. For inversely coupled inductors, phase\ncurrent ripple can be reduced if operating points and coupling coefficients are carefully\nchosen. As for small-signal characteristics, inversely coupled inductors have the\nadvantages of broadening the bandwidth of multiphase DC-DC converters and being\nmore immune to load variation at low frequencies. On the other hand, directly coupled\ninductors have the benefit of low sensitivity to input variation at high frequencies. In\naddition, the proposed new structure for multiphase DC-DC converters has excellent\ncurrent sharing performance and reduced current ripple. Computer simulations have been\ndone and hardware prototypes have been built to validate the concepts.
Characteristics of eddy current testing using surface coils on small curvature radius space (2012)

An eddy current testing (ECT) is used as a method for inspection techniques of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) defects on welded areas in nuclear power plants. A number of welded areas have small curvature radius (several mm) spaces. We evaluated the eddy current density distributions affected by curved geometry of 5 mm in curvature radius using a simulated electromagnetic field calculation. Calculated results indicated that decrease of eddy current density and extend of its distribution width are caused by increase of the distance between specimen surface and the ECT probe (lift-off) and/or curved geometry. In order to increase eddy current density and narrow its distribution width, we applied a ferromagnetic core to an ECT probe. This core was in close contact with the cross coil in the ECT probe. We numerically confirmed that the core is effective to increase eddy current density and reduce eddy current density distribution width. Furthermore we performed the defect detection test using the prototype ECT probe applied a ferromagnetic core. The prototype ECT probe detected defects at a higher sensitivity on small curvature radius space. (author)
NK Cell Subset Redistribution during the Course of Viral Infections (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of innate immunity that play a critical role in the control of human viral infections. Indeed, given their capability to directly recognize virally infected cells without the need of specific antigen presentation, NK cells are on the first line of defense against these invading pathogens. By establishing cellular networks with a variety of cell types such as dendritic cells, NK cells can also amplify anti-viral adaptive immune responses. In turn, viruses evolved and developed several mechanisms to evade NK cell-mediated immune activity. It has been reported that certain viral diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 as well as human cytomegalovirus infections, are associated with a pathologic redistribution of NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood. In particular, it has been observed the expansion of unconventional CD56(neg) NK cells, whose effector functions are significantly impaired as compared to that of conventional CD56(pos) NK cells. In this review, we address the impact of these two chronic viral infections on the functional and phenotypic perturbations of human NK cell compartment.
The Heat Shock Protein 90-Binding Geldanamycin Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation, Down-Regulates Oncoproteins, and Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Invasion in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines (2003)

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) serves as a chaperone protein and plays a critical role in tumor cell growth and/or survival. Geldanamycin, a specific inhibitor of HSP90, is cytotoxic to several human cancer cell lines, but its effect in thyroid cancer is unknown. We, therefore, investigated the effect of geldanamycin on cell proliferation, oncoprotein expression, and invasion in human thyroid cancer cell lines. We used six thyroid cancer cell lines: TPC-1 (papillary), FTC-133, FTC-236, FTC-238 (follicular), XTC-1 (Hürthle cell), and ARO (anaplastic). We used the dimethyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, a clonogenic assay, an apoptotic assay, and a Matrigel invasion assay. We evaluated oncoprotein expression using Western blots and flow cytometry. After 6 d of treatment with 50 nM geldanamycin, the percent inhibition of growth was 29.4% in TPC-1, 97.5% in FTC-133, 96.7% in FTC-236, 10.8% in FTC-238, 70.9% in XTC-1, and 45.5% in ARO cell lines. In the FTC-133 cell line, geldanamycin treatment decreased clonogenicity by 21% at a concentration of 50 nM; geldanamycin induced apoptosis and down-regulated c-Raf-1, mutant p53, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression; geldanamycin inhibited EGF-stimulated invasion. In conclusion, geldanamycin inhibited cancer cell proliferation, down-regulated oncoproteins, and inhibited EGF-induced invasion in thyroid cancer cell lines.