gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
trans-2,5-Bis-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran. An orally active specific and competitive receptor antagonist of platelet activating factor. (1985)

trans-2,5-Bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (L-652,731) is found to be a potent and orally active platelet activating factor (PAF)-specific and competitive receptor antagonist. It potently inhibits [3H]PAF (1 nM) binding to receptor sites on rabbit platelet membranes with an ED50 of 2 X 10(-8) M under the assay condition without the addition of mono- or divalent cations. In a comparative study, it is more potent than CV-3988, kadsurenone, and ginkgolide B as a receptor antagonist. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KB) of L-652,731 obtained either from the inhibition of receptor binding or from the inhibition of PAF-induced aggregation of gel-filtered rabbit platelet are 2.7 X 10(-8) and 2.1 X 10(-8) M, respectively. The agreement of these KB determinations based on receptor and cellular function suggests that L-652,731 does not inhibit other steps following PAF-receptor binding. L-652,731 does not antagonize the binding of several radioligands to their respective receptor. It shows no inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by other aggregating agents including thrombin, collagen, A-23187, arachidonic acid, epinephrine, and ADP. L-652,731 is orally active; it inhibits PAF-induced rat cutaneous vascular permeability with an ED50 of 30 mg/kg orally. Significant inhibitory results of L-652,731 suggest that PAF may be partially involved in cutaneous vascular permeability induced by histamine and bradykinin.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Molecular Materials for Electrooptical Applications (2004)

Intrinsically acentric organic films are becoming a valuable alternative to poled-polymers and inorganic materials such a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) for the formation of electro-optic devices. The ability to fabricate noncentrosymmetric structures in a molecular layer-by-layer approach offers nanoscale control over film dimensions and allows tailoring of microstructural and optical properties at the molecular level.
An Automated Coordinated Phosphate/Ph Controller for Industrial Boilers (1995)

Abstract An automated controller1 has been developed that maintains sodium-to-phosphate congruency in industrial boilers. Possible control schemes were selected from common control algorithms with additional modifications added to optimize control potential. The two most promising controllers were tested on a 165 psig (1.14 MPa) package boiler, with the final control package field tested in a 900 psig (6.21 MPa) black liquor recovery boiler. This optimized control package uses a self-correcting computerized chemical feed system to produce accurate boiler chemical concentrations. Results show excellent phosphate control, with pH (which reflects congruency) maintained within ± 0.04 pH over 24 hr.
Decompositional Odor Analysis Database (2004)

This study, conducted at the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility (ARF), describes the establishment of the Decompositional Odor Analysis (DOA) Database for the purpose of developing a man-portable, chemical sensor capable of detecting clandestine burial sites of human remains, thereby mimicking canine olfaction. This "living" database currently spans the first year and a half of burial, providing identification, chemical trends and semi-quantitation of chemicals liberated below, above and at the surface of graves 1.5 to 3.5 ft deep (0.45 to 1.0 m) for four individuals. Triple sorbent traps (TSTs) were used to collect air samples in the field and revealed eight major classes of chemicals containing 424 specific volatile compounds associated with burial decomposition. This research is the first step toward identification of an "odor signature" unique to human decomposition with projected ramifications on cadaver dog training procedures and in the development of field portable analytical instruments which can be used to locate human remains buried in shallow graves.
FlexE GMPLS Routing Extension (2016)

This document specifies routing extensions in support of carrying link
state information for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
(GMPLS) for Flex Ethernet.
Optoacoustic elastography for tissue biomechanical property characterization using a ring transducer (2013)

Elastography, capable of quantitatively providing the biomechanical properties of tissue, plays a key role in clinical diagnosis, such as cancerous tumor detection and atherosclerotic plaque characterization. Phase-resolved optical coherence elastography (PR-OCE) possesses superior resolution and high imaging speed with the capability of providing point-by-point elastogram mapping. An acoustic radiation force (ARF), generated by high-intensity ultrasound bursts, offers the dynamic excitations with the benefits of directly and remotely inducing the localized displacement of tissue within the region of interest. An amplitude modulated (AM) acoustic wave can be used to generate pressure to harmonically vibrate the tissue. In this work, we successfully differentiate biological tissues with different biomechanical properties utilizing a ring transducer with AM beam geometry in a PR-OCE system, which demonstrates the feasibility and superiority to move this imaging system into clinical application.
A 3–7GHz 4-element digital modulated polar phased-array transmitter with 0.35° phase resolution and 38.2% peak system efficiency (2017)

A 3-7GHz 4-element digital modulated polar phased-array transmitter (TX) in 40nm CMOS with 0.35° phase resolution and 38.2% peak system efficiency is presented in this paper. Phase-shifting in phase modulation path is utilized in each element to improve amplitude error. The RMS phase error of 0.3° is achieved with current-DAC based 10-bit phase shifter after digital pre-distortion. Efficiency for both saturated and back-off power is enhanced by polar digital power amplifier and feed-forward controlled dynamic matching network.
Copy number variations in urine cell free DNA as biomarkers in advanced prostate cancer (2016)

Genetic profiling of urine cell free DNA (cfDNA) has not been evaluated in advanced prostate cancer. We performed whole genome sequencing of urine cfDNAs to identify tumor-associated copy number variations in urine before and after initiating androgen deprivation therapy in HSPC stage and docetaxel chemotherapy in CRPC stage. A log2 ratio-based copy number analysis detected common genomic abnormalities in prostate cancer including AR amplification in 5/10 CRPC patients. Other abnormalities identified included TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, PTEN gene deletion, NOTCH1 locus amplification along with genomic amplifications at 8q24.3, 9q34.3, 11p15.5 and 14q11.2, and deletions at 4q35.2, 5q31.3, 7q36.3, 12q24.33, and 16p11.2. By comparing copy number between pre- and post-treatment, we found significant copy number changes in 34 genomic loci. To estimate the somatic tumor DNA fraction in urine cfDNAs, we developed a Urine Genomic Abnormality (UGA) score algorithm that summed the top ten most significant segments with copy number changes. The UGA scores correlated with tumor burden and the change in UGA score after stage-specific therapies reflected disease progression status and overall survival. The study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of urine cfDNAs in predicting treatment response and monitoring disease progression.
241-LB: Positive Regulation of JAK/STAT at Signaling with SOCS3-Derived Cell-Permeable Binding Domain to ObR Induces Anti-obesity Effect (2020)

Aim: Leptin, a hormone which regulates food intake and energy expenditure, is excessively expressed in obese patients. Leptin signaling is regulated by a negative feedback regulator, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) that competitively binds to the leptin receptor (ObR) and promotes leptin resistance. We hypothesized that an exogenously delivered SOCS3 binding domain (SH2) would compete with SOCS3 for binding to p-Tyr985ObR, and thereby maintain leptin-initiated JAK/STAT signaling. Method: Cell-permeable, dominant-interfering ΔSOCS3 protein consists of the SOCS3 SH2 domain, a sequence optimized-advanced macromolecule transduction domain to deliver the protein into cells and tissues to facilitate soluble purification, biologically active proteins. Intracellular delivery of ΔSOCS3 was tested for the ability to enhance leptin signaling and sensitivity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Result: The cell-permeable ΔSOCS3 was delivered efficiently into cell types and tissues examined including the hypothalamus; thus, the protein appeared to cross the blood-brain barrier. CP-ΔSOCS3 competitively bound p-Tyr985ObR and blocked negative regulation by endogenous SOCS3 as assessed by increased levels of phospho-STAT3. DIO mice treated with CP-ΔSOCS3 showed 12.1% body weight loss in 14 days. In addition, fat volume (53.5%), food intake (29.2%), serum leptin (93.1%) and expression of SOCS3 mRNA were also decreased in CP-ΔSOCS3-treated compared to mice treated with diluent. In addition, treatment group showed a significant increase in STAT3 phosphorylation and pro-opiomelanocortin in the hypothalamus. Conclusion: CP-ΔSOCS3 appeared to competitively suppress feedback inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling by endogenous SOCS3 thereby enhancing leptin sensitivity. This establishes the importance of SOCS3 in the biology of leptin signaling and resistance and suggests CP-ΔSOCS3 might be used as a mechanism-specific weight-loss therapy. Disclosure K. Lee: None. J. Jeon: None. S. Kim: None. H. Kang: None. J. Kwak: None. Y. Choi: None. D. Jo: None.
An Analog Neural Network Computing Engine using CMOS-Compatible Charge-Trap-Transistor (CTT) (2017)

An analog neural network computing engine based on CMOS-compatible charge-trap transistor (CTT) is proposed in this paper. CTT devices are used as analog multipliers. Compared to digital multipliers, CTT-based analog multiplier shows significant area and power reduction. The proposed computing engine is composed of a scalable CTT multiplier array and energy efficient analog-digital interfaces. Through implementing the sequential analog fabric (SAF), the engine mixed-signal interfaces are simplified and hardware overhead remains constant regardless of the size of the array. A proof-of-concept 784 by 784 CTT computing engine is implemented using TSMC 28nm CMOS technology and occupied 0.68mm2. The simulated performance achieves 76.8 TOPS (8-bit) with 500 MHz clock frequency and consumes 14.8 mW. As an example, we utilize this computing engine to address a classic pattern recognition problem -- classifying handwritten digits on MNIST database and obtained a performance comparable to state-of-the-art fully connected neural networks using 8-bit fixed-point resolution.
DLGNet: A Transformer-based Model for Dialogue Response Generation (2020)

Neural dialogue models, despite their successes, still suffer from lack of relevance, diversity, and in many cases coherence in their generated responses. On the other hand, transformer-based models such as GPT-2 have demonstrated an excellent ability to capture long-range structures in language modeling tasks. In this paper, we present DLGNet, a transformer-based model for dialogue modeling. We specifically examine the use of DL-GNet for multi-turn dialogue response generation. In our experiments, we evaluate DLGNet on the open-domain Movie Triples dataset and the closed-domain Ubuntu Dialogue dataset. DLGNet models, although trained with only the maximum likelihood objective, achieve significant improvements over state-of-the-art multi-turn dialogue models. They also produce best performance to date on the two datasets based on several metrics, including BLEU, ROUGE, and distinct n-gram. Our analysis shows that the performance improvement is mostly due to the combination of (1) the long-range transformer architecture with (2) the injection of random informative paddings. Other contributing factors include the joint modeling of dialogue context and response, and the 100% tokenization coverage from the byte pair encoding (BPE).
Modelling and Fault-Ride-Trough Tests of Siemens Wind Power 3.6 MW Variable-Speed Wind Turbines (2007)

Transmission system operators and developers require dynamic wind turbine models to evaluate fault-ride-through capability and to investigate power system stability associated the grid incorporation of large windfarms. Siemens Wind Power has developed a dynamic model of a 3.6 MW variable-speed wind turbine which is one of the world's largest, most advance and competitive offshore wind turbines. The model is implemented in commercially available power system simulation tools, such as DIgSILENT PowerFactory and Siemens PTI PSS/E. The model has been validated successfully with fault-ride-through tests.
Scalable Control Plane architecture for Optical Flow Switched Networks (2011)

In OFS, users employ an off-band signaling protocol to request lightpaths for their large unscheduled bursty transactions, and the network dynamically schedules a dedicated, end-to-end lightpath for the duration (≥100mS transaction times) of the transfer avoiding collisions due to contention, Fig.1. For OFS the scheduling and network control is dynamic and when a transaction finishes, the network resources are immediately relinquished to other users. The key to high utilization of backbone wavelength channels – a precious network resource owing to the necessary use of optical amplifiers and dispersion management – is statistical multiplexing of large flows from many users in a scheduled fashion. Efficient, dynamically assigned multi-access broadcast groups can be arranged for multiple transaction durations using the node architecture. We have shown, [1,2,3,4,6], that our approach provides significant cost savings over other transport mechanism for large transactions. OFS is technically a circuit switched service. The major difference between OFS and traditional circuit switching is the fast dynamic session setup (<100mS). This presents tremendous stresses on the network control plane. Many detractors of this technology (who mostly favors IP packet switching) question the scalability of this technology. The purpose of this paper is to address all the critical problems that prevent affordable scalability and fast dynamic setup for OFS. Major attributes in our architecture that simplify network control and potentially can realize significant simplicity and cost saving are:
Distributed prefetch-buffer/cache design for high performance memory systems (2002)

Microprocessor execution speeds are improving at a rate of 50%-80% per year while DRAM access times are improving at a much lower rate of 5%-10% per year. Computer systems are rapidly approaching the point at which overall system performance is determined not by the speed of the CPU but by the memory system speed. We present a high performance memory system architecture that overcomes the growing speed disparity between high performance microprocessors and current generation DRAMs. A novel prediction and prefetching technique is combined with a distributed cache architecture to build a high performance memory system. We use a table based prediction scheme with a prediction cache to prefetch data from the on-chip DRAM array to an on-chip SRAM prefetch buffer. By prefetching data we are able to hide the large latency associated with DRAM access and cycle times. Our experiments show that with a small (32 KB) prediction cache we can get an effective main memory access time that is close to the access time of larger secondary caches.
A Function-Parallel Architecture for High-Speed Firewalls (2006)

Firewalls enforce a security policy by inspecting and filtering traffic arriving or departing from a secure network. This is typically done by comparing an arriving packet to a set of rules and performing the matching rule action, which is accept or deny. Unfortunately packet inspections can impose significant delays on traffic due to the complexity and size of policies. Therefore, improving firewall performance is important given the next generation of high-speed networks. This paper introduces a new firewall architecture that can perform packet inspections under increasing traffic loads, higher traffic speeds, and strict QoS requirements. The architecture consists of multiple firewalls configured in parallel that collectively enforce a security policy. Each firewall implements part of the policy and arriving packets are processed by all the firewalls simultaneously. Since multiple firewalls are used to process every packet, the proposed function-parallel system has significantly lower delays (e.g. 74% lower for a four firewall system) and a higher throughput than other data-parallel (load-balancing) firewalls. These findings will be demonstrated empirically. Furthermore unlike data-parallel systems, the function-parallel design allows the stateful inspection of packets, which is critical to prevent certain types of network attacks.
Dynamic self-inspection of integrated circuit pattern defects (2004)

At various steps of integrated circuit manufacturing, defects need to be inspected to ensure process integrity. Based on the observation that good patterns usually repeat many times while defective patterns are different from others, we here propose an inspection methodology called dynamic self-inspection (DSI). We present a generic and systematic algorithm of DSI based on relative characteristic code space and code vectors. We also present a few specific examples of its implementations, using Euclidian distance between edge traces as relative characteristics.
Extraction of Binder in Injection Molding. (1991)

When Producing P/M parts by the MIM, the debinding step takes the longest time of its process. How to reduce the binder removal time is the key to the MIM, though the injection machine forming is highly productive. The rapid binder removal could be achived by the solvent extraction. When using copper powder, the solvent extraction needed 8 houus, though the thermal debinding needed more than 40 hours. The sintered pert at 1020°C had a relative density of 95%. The pore was all closed, which was remarkable of the MIM sintered part. Two types of the binder were discussed here. One consisted of polyolefin and oil, another consisted of polyethylene glycol. Using the polyethylene glycol, the miscibility of the binder had been much improved.
Minimizing PCR bias in high-throughput adaptive immune repertoire sequencing assays (P3389) (2013)

Abstract The human adaptive immune system is a primary defense against the vast world of potential pathogens. To counter this, B and T cells rearrange a diverse repertoire of surface receptors. This system functions in part by clonal expansion, so measuring changes in the abundance of both unique and total clones is necessary to understand the immune response. We developed immune profiling assays to amplify and sequence rearranged receptors. To efficiently capture receptor diversity we use a multiplex PCR approach. However, small variations in annealing kinetics can have large impacts on amplification efficiency causing PCR amplification bias (PAB). To address this issue, we developed a method to quantify and correct PAB introduced by multiplex PCR. We demonstrate this method using our T cell receptor γ (TCRG) assay. Our method uses a quantitated, synthetic immune repertoire standard consisting of every possible Variable(V) and Joining(J) gene combination. Following multiplex TCRG PCR amplification, we assessed the difference between the synthetic VJ composition before and after amplification and quantified PAB. We adjusted primer concentrations and redesigned primers to generate an unbiased multiplex PCR assay. Using this method we reduced PAB for the TCRG assay from a 340-fold to a 4.5-fold dynamic range. Now the abundance of receptor sequences is representative of the frequency of each receptor chain in the input sample, allowing for accurate quantification of the TCRG repertoire.
Stimulated Rayleigh-Bragg scattering in two-photon absorbing media (2005)

The origin and mechanism of backward stimulated Rayleigh scattering in two-photon absorbing media are studied theoretically and experimentally. This type of stimulated scattering has the unusual features of no frequency shift and low pump threshold requirement compared to all other known stimulated scattering effects. This frequency-unshifted stimulated Rayleigh scattering effect can be well explained by a two-photon-excitation-enhanced Bragg grating reflection model. The reflection of the forward pump beam from this stationary Bragg grating may substantially enhance the backward Rayleigh scattering beam, providing a positive feedback mechanism without causing any frequency shift. A two-counterpropagating-beam-formed grating experiment in a two-photon absorbing dye solution is conducted. The measured dynamic behavior of Bragg grating formation and reflectivity properties are basically consistent with the predictions from the proposed model.
Sensing using eigenchannels in radio-frequency multiple-input, multiple-output communication systems (2011)

This paper describes the use of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communication technology as a radio frequency (RF) sensor. We suggest some possible measures for determining how the changes in MIMO channel are related to objects moving through the MIMO channel. Initially, we examine the singular values of the channel matrix. We further demonstrate the effects of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in conjunction with the target physical properties in the creation of eigenchannels. These eigenchannels represent the key factor in the ability of a MIMO system to perform as an effective sensor. Another important feature of MIMO technology is that it allows us to capture spatial information about the target, beyond the typical time and frequency information. Preliminary experimental results at 750 MHz demonstrate that targets can be detected and distinguished based on these simple measures. For example, a vehicular target is distinguishable from a person or groups of people. Our concept is closely related to a MIMO radar approach. However, a key difference is that we make use of the natural process of establishing a MIMO communication link rather than interrogate a specific physical region via a pulsed RF waveform. MIMO communications requires sounding of the physical environment and the creation of a channel matrix in order to maximize data throughput. We leverage this information about the area of interest already captured by the communication system. This allows the use of a MIMO system for both sensing and communication.