gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desmethionine alkylamide bombesin analogs: a new class of bombesin receptor antagonists with potent antisecretory activity in pancreatic acini and antimitotic activity in Swiss 3T3 cells (1990)

Bombesin-related peptides have a large number of physiological functions as well as having an autocrine growth mechanism for the regulation of small cell lung cancer cells. In the present study we have synthesized 21 des-Met amide or alkylamide analogues of bombesin and compared their abilities to function as bombesin receptor antagonists in guinea pig pancreatic acini and Swiss 3T3 cells with those of the previously most potent antagonist described, [Leu13 psi(CH2NH)Leu14]bombesin (analogue I). All des-Met analogues functioned as antagonists. Bn(1-13)NH2 was approximately equipotent to I (Ki = 60-80 nM) whereas Bn(6-13)NH2 was 30-fold less potent (Ki = 1800 nM). Formation of an ethylamide, Bn(6-13)ethylamide, increased the potency 30-fold such that this octapeptide was equipotent to I. The addition of a D-Phe6 moiety to I did not change potency but caused a 30-fold increase in potency of Bn(6-13)NH2 and a 8-fold increase in the potency of Bn(6-13)ethylamide (Ki = 16 nM). Additional studies of both NH2- and COOH-terminal alterations in Bn(6-13)NH2 demonstrated that the most potent antagonist was [D-Phe6]Bn(6-13)propylamide (PA), having IC50's of 1.6 nM and 0.8 nM for bombesin-stimulated amylase release and Swiss 3T3 cell growth, respectively. Detailed studies of the most potent amide analogue, [D-Phe6]Bn(6-13)NH2, and alkylamide analogue, [D-Phe6]Bn(6-13)PA, demonstrated that these analogues functioned as competitive antagonists and that their action was selective for the bombesin receptor. These results demonstrate that, as with CCK- and gastrin-related peptides, the C-terminal amino acid is important for initiating a biologic response but not essential for determining receptor affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using query context models to construct topical search engines (2010)

Today, if a website owner or blogger wants to provide a search interface on their web site, they have essentially two options: web search or site search. Site search is often too narrow and web search often too broad. We propose a context-specific alternative: the use of 'topical search engines' (TopS) providing results focused on a specific topic determined by the site owner. For example a photography blog could offer a search interface focused on photography.
Polyaromatic ether‐ketone‐sulfones containing 1,3‐butadiene units (1979)

Abstract The acid chloride of 1,4‐bis‐ p ‐carboxyphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene (XI) and isophthaloyl chloride (XIV) were polymerized with 4,4′‐diphenoxy‐diphenyl sulfone (XII) and diphenyl ether (XIII) in a Friedel‐Crafts type of polymerization. The polymers obtained, which contained 5–20 mole % of butadiene units, were insoluble in all solvents. The polyamides prepared from the acid chloride of 1,4‐bis‐ p ‐carboxyphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene (XI) and aromatic diamines were also insoluble in all solvents.
Expression of a candidate cadherin in T lymphocytes. (1996)

Cadherins are homotypic adhesion molecules that classically mediate interactions between cells of the same type in solid tissues. In addition, E-cadherin is able to support homotypic adhesion of epidermal Langerhans cells to keratinocytes (Tang, A., Amagai, M., Granger, L. G., Stanley, J. R. & Udey, M. C. (1993) Nature (London) 361, 82-85) and heterotypic adhesion of mucosal epithelial cells to E-cadherin-negative intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that cadherins may play a wider role in cell-to-cell adhesion events involving T lymphocytes. We searched for a cadherin or cadherins in T lymphocytes with a pan-cadherin antiserum and antisera against alpha- or beta-catenin, molecules known to associate with the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins. The anti-beta-catenin antisera coimmunoprecipitated a radiolabeled species in T-lymphocyte lines that had a molecular mass of 129 kDa and was specifically immunoblotted with the pan-cadherin antiserum. Also, the pan-cadherin antiserum directly immunoprecipitated a 129-kDa radiolabeled species from an 125I surface-labeled Jurkat human T-cell leukemic cell line. After V8 protease digestion, the peptide map of this pan-cadherin-immunoprecipitated, 129-kDa species exactly matched that of the 129-kDa species coimmunoprecipitated with the beta-catenin antiserum. These results demonstrate that T lymphocytes express a catenin-associated protein that appears to be a member of the cadherin superfamily and may contribute to T cell-mediated immune surveillance.
Potent Anticancer Activity with High Selectivity of a Chiral Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex (2017)

Five enantiomeric pairs of palladium complexes of 1,2,4-triazole-derived chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were investigated to probe the influence of chirality on the compound's anticancer activity. Although no chirality-related influence was observed for any of the enantiomeric pair, strong anticancer activity was seen for a particular pair, (1<i>S</i>,2<i>S<i>,5</i>R</i>)-<b>1c</b> and (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-<b>1c</b>, which was significantly more active than the benchmark drug cisplatin for human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (ca. 24-27-fold), and human cervical cancer cells, HeLa (ca. three- to fourfold). Broadening its scope of application, (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-<b>1c</b> also exhibited antiproliferative activity against lung cancer (A549), skin cancer (B16F10), and multidrug-resistant mammary tumor (EMT6/AR1) cell lines. Interestingly, (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-<b>1c</b> displayed 8- and 16-fold stronger antiproliferative activity toward B16F10 and MCF-7 relative to their respective noncancerous counterparts, L929 (fibroblast skin cells) and MCF10A (epithelial breast cells), thereby upholding the potential of these complexes for further development as anticancer agents. (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-<b>1c</b> inhibited tumor-cell proliferation by blocking the cells at the G2 phase. (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-<b>1c</b> caused DNA damage in MCF-7 cells, leading to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and subsequently cell death. We also present evidence indicating that (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-<b>1c</b> induced p53-dependent programmed cell death in MCF-7 cells.
Spectrally encoded single-pixel machine vision using diffractive networks (2021)

We demonstrate optical networks composed of diffractive layers trained using deep learning to encode the spatial information of objects into the power spectrum of the diffracted light, which are used to classify objects with a single-pixel spectroscopic detector. Using a plasmonic nanoantenna-based detector, we experimentally validated this single-pixel machine vision framework at terahertz spectrum to optically classify the images of handwritten digits by detecting the spectral power of the diffracted light at ten distinct wavelengths, each representing one class/digit. We also coupled this diffractive network-based spectral encoding with a shallow electronic neural network, which was trained to rapidly reconstruct the images of handwritten digits based on solely the spectral power detected at these ten distinct wavelengths, demonstrating task-specific image decompression. This single-pixel machine vision framework can also be extended to other spectral-domain measurement systems to enable new 3D imaging and sensing modalities integrated with diffractive network-based spectral encoding of information.
Ultrasensitive Vapor Detection with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Active Gold Nanoparticle Immobilized Flow-Through Multihole Capillaries (2012)

We developed novel flow-through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms using gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) immobilized multihole capillaries for rapid and sensitive vapor detection. The multihole capillaries consisting of thousands of micrometer-sized flow-through channels provide many unique characteristics for vapor detection. Most importantly, its three-dimensional SERS-active micro-/nanostructures make available multilayered assembly of Au-NPs, which greatly increase SERS-active surface area within a focal volume of excitation and collection, thus improving the detection sensitivity. In addition, the multihole capillary's inherent longitudinal channels offer rapid and convenient vapor delivery, yet its micrometer-sized holes increase the interaction between vapor molecules and SERS-active substrate. Experimentally, rapid pyridine vapor detection (within 1 s of exposure) and ultrasensitive 4-nitrophenol vapor detection (at a sub-ppb level) were successfully achieved in open air at room temperature. Such an ultrasensitive SERS platform enabled, for the first time, the investigation of both pyridine and 4-nitrophenol vapor adsorption isotherms at very low concentrations. Type I and type V behaviors of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry isotherm were well observed, respectively.
Automatic identification of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead problems using intracardiac electrograms (2003)

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) lead problems can cause inappropriate painful shocks or inappropriately withheld lifesaving shocks. ICDs contain storage for detected spontaneous episodes that can be analyzed to characterize lead performance. The goal of this project was to develop an automatic lead problem identification algorithm using stored episode data. The algorithm combines sensed RR interval patterns and electrogram (EGM) characteristics to identify non-cardiac (NC) oversensing (OS) problems (e.g. lead failures) and cardiac (C) OS problems (e.g. T-wave OS). Stored episodes from 59 patients with OS and 147 patients with no OS were used for evaluation. The sensitivities to identify the lead problems were 97.7% for NC-OS and 86.7% for C-OS with a specificity of 98.0% Analysis of stored episodes with EGM may be used to identify ICD lead problems with very high sensitivity and specificity.
A Parallel Complex Coloring Algorithm for Scheduling of Input-Queued Switches (2018)

This paper explores the scheduling problem of input-queued switches, based on a new algebraic method of edge coloring called complex coloring. The proposed scheduling algorithm possesses three important features inherent from complex coloring: parallelizability, optimality and rearrangeability. Parallelizability makes the algorithm running very fast in a distributed manner, optimality ensures that the algorithm always returns a proper connection pattern with the minimum number of required colors, and rearrangeability allows partially re-scheduling the existing connection patterns if the traffic patterns only changes slightly. The amortized time complexity of the proposed parallel scheduling algorithm, in terms of the time to compute a matching in a timeslot, is O(log N), where N is the switch size. As for the scalability of input-queued switches, due to its low complexity, our algorithm can achieve nearly 100 percent throughput and provide acceptable queuing delay when N is large. Furthermore, the complex coloring method naturally provides an adaptive solution to non-uniform input traffic pattern. Thus, the proposed parallel scheduling algorithm is highly robust in the face of traffic fluctuations.
Progress in the Reprogramming of Somatic Cells (2013)

Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into nearly all types of cells in the body. This unique potential provides significant promise for cell-based therapies to restore tissues or organs destroyed by injuries, degenerative diseases, aging, or cancer. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers a possible strategy to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. However, because of concerns about the specificity, efficiency, kinetics, and safety of iPSC reprogramming, improvements or fundamental changes in this process are required before their effective clinical use. A chemical approach is regarded as a promising strategy to improve and change the iPSC process. Dozens of small molecules have been identified that can functionally replace reprogramming factors and significantly improve iPSC reprogramming. In addition to the prospect of deriving patient-specific tissues and organs from iPSCs, another attractive strategy for regenerative medicine is transdifferentiation-the direct conversion of one somatic cell type to another. Recent studies revealed a new paradigm of transdifferentiation: using transcription factors used in iPSC generation to induce transdifferentiation or called iPSC transcription factor-based transdifferentiation. This type of transdifferentiation not only reveals and uses the developmentally plastic intermediates generated during iPSC reprogramming but also produces a wide range of cells, including expandable tissue-specific precursor cells. Here, we review recent progress of small molecule approaches in the generation of iPSCs. In addition, we summarize the new concept of iPSC transcription factor-based transdifferentiation and discuss its application in generating various lineage-specific cells, especially cardiovascular cells.
Fly-In Visualization for Virtual Colonoscopy (2018)

In this paper, a new visualization method for tubular inner surfaces is proposed, denoted by “Fly-In”. The approach uses a virtual camera that moves along the inner surface's centerline, obtaining projections of the surrounding view, formed of small 3D topological rings, within the tube that is rendered as a 2D rectangular image. A new visualization loss measure is also presented, which utilizes the projection direction of the camera axis, the surface normal and the ratio of the camera focal length and the surface distance. A comparative study of Fly-in versus two state-of-the-art methods (Fly-Through and Fly-Over) is conducted on 3D reconstructed colons from CT Colonography (CTC) patient data. Quantitative results are computed using the new loss measure and visualized using color coding. Results show high performance for the proposed Fly-In approach with respect to the state-of-art.
An RF-input outphasing power amplifier with RF signal decomposition network (2015)

This work presents an outphasing power amplifier that directly amplifies a modulated RF input. The approach eliminates the need for multiple costly IQ modulators and baseband signal component separation found in conventional outphasing power amplifier systems, which have previously required both an RF carrier input and a separate baseband input to synthesize a modulated RF output. A novel RF signal decomposition network enables direct RF-input / RF-output outphasing by directly synthesizing the phase- and amplitude-modulated RF signals that drive the branch PAs from the modulated RF input waveform. The technique is demonstrated at 2.14 GHz in a four-way lossless outphasing amplifier system with transmission-line-based power combiner. The resulting proof-of-concept outphasing power amplifier has a peak CW output power of 95 W, and peak drain efficiency of 72%.
A study of multiple access schemes in satellite control network (2016)

Satellite Control Networks (SCN) have provided launch control for space lift vehicles; tracking, telemetry and commanding (TTC) for on-orbit satellites; and, test support for space experiments since the 1960s. Currently, SCNs encounter a new challenge: how to maintain the high reliability of services when sharing the spectrum with emerging commercial services. To achieve this goal, the capability of multiple satellites reception is deserved as an update/modernization of SCN in the future. In this paper, we conducts an investigation of multiple access techniques in SCN scenario, e.g., frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and coded division multiple access (CDMA). First, we introduce two upgrade options of SCN based on FDMA and CDMA techniques. Correspondingly, we also provide their performance analysis, especially the system improvement in spectrum efficiency and interference mitigation. Finally, to determine the optimum upgrade option, this work uses CRISP, i.e., Cost, Risk, Installation, Supportability and Performance, as the baseline approach for a comprehensive trade study of these two options. Extensive numerical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the theoretical development.
Control of Dye Aggregation and Electron Injection for Highly Efficient Porphyrin Sensitizers Adsorbed on Semiconductor Films with Varying Ratios of Coadsorbate (2009)

We report the photovoltaic performances and kinetics of femtosecond fluorescence for three zinc-porphyrin sensitizers (YD0−YD2) coadsorbed with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) at three molar ratios on nanocrystalline semiconductor (TiO2 or Al2O3) films. The addition of CDCA improved the efficiencies of YD0 and YD1 so that their maximum performance occurred at a dye/CDCA ratio of 1:2, but the presence of CDCA had a negative effect for YD2. Porphyrin aggregation on TiO2 surfaces not only accelerates the rate of intermolecular energy transfer but also increases the rate of interfacial electron injection, so that the electron injection yields (Φinj) are balanced by these two important factors. As a result, Φinj increased slightly with increasing amount of CDCA for both YD0 and YD1, but decreased for YD2; for this reason, the presence of CDCA failed to improve the photovoltaic performance for YD2, unlike for YD0 and YD1. The cell performances were optimized on TiO2 films of ∼10-μm thickness with a scattering layer of ∼4-μm thickness: the efficiencies of power conversion of YD1 and YD2 are slightly smaller than, but near, that of N719, being 6.5% and 6.8%, respectively, compared to 7.3%. Without a scattering layer on the films, the performance of N719 was degraded significantly (6.3%), whereas the efficiencies of YD1 and YD2 decreased only slightly (6.4% and 6.6%), making this series of green sensitizers promising candidates for future light-penetrable photovoltaic applications.
Chemistry and Properties of Imide Oligomers from Phenylethynyl-Containing Diamines (2000)

As an extension of work on pendent phenylethynyl-containing imide oligomers, three new diamines containing pendent phenylethynyl groups were prepared and characterized. These diamines were used to prepare pendent and pendent and terminal phenylethynyl imide oligomers via the amide acid route in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at a calculated number average molecular weight of 5000 g mol −1 . The pendent phenylethynyl groups were randomly distributed along the oligomer backbone and provided a means of controlling the distance between reactive sites. The imide oligomers were characterized and thermally cured, and the cured polymers evaluated as thin films and compared with materials of similar composition prepared from 3,5-diamino-4′-phenylethynylbenzophenone. This work was performed as part of a continuing research effort to develop structural resins for potential aeronautical applications.
Magnetic system for producing uniform coatings using a filtered cathodic arc (2001)

Curved magnetic filters are commonly used with cathodic arcs to remove macroparticles from the plasma stream, making them suitable for the preparation of smooth, dense and defect-free films. Such a filter produces a well focused plasma beam of Gaussian-like profile. This presents a problem in applications where uniform films over an area of more than a few square centimetres are required. We show that it is possible to expand and flatten the plasma profile over a distance of only 20 cm beyond the exit of the filter using a plasma homogenizer and a set of strategically placed current carrying wires. The best results were achieved using an `expander' coil, carrying current in a sense opposite to that in the filter solenoid, to create a region of weaker field where the field lines expand rapidly just outside the filter. Another coil, a `collimator', carrying current in the same sense as the filter, was placed downstream of the expanding coil, to straighten the paths of the expanded field lines. The thus expanded plasma beam was then passed through a multipole magnetic homogenizer to achieve thickness deviations of less than 10% over a 10 cm diameter area.
Automatic local thresholding of tomographic reconstructions based on the projection data (2008)

Tomography is an important technique for non-invasive imaging, with applications in medicine, materials research and industry. Tomographic reconstructions are typically gray-scale images, that can possibly contain a wide spectrum of grey levels. Segmentation of these grey level images is an important step to obtain quantitative information from tomographic datasets. Thresholding schemes are often used in practice, as they are easy to implement and use. However, if the tomogram exhibits variations in the intensity throughout the image, it is not possible to obtain an accurate segmentation using a single, global threshold. Instead, local thresholding schemes can be applied that use a varying threshold, depending on local characteristics of the tomogram. Selecting the best local thresholds is not a straightforward task, as local image features (such as the local histogram) often do not provide sufficient information for choosing a proper threshold. In this paper, we propose a new criterion for selecting local thresholds, based on the available projection data, from which the tomogram was initially computed. By reprojecting the segmented image, a comparison can be made with the measured projection data. This yields a quantitative measure of the quality of the segmentation. By minimizing the difference between the computed and measured projections, optimal local thresholds can be computed. Simulation experiments have been performed, comparing the result of our local thresholding approach with global thresholding. Our results demonstrate that the local thresholding approach yields segmentations that are significantly more accurate, in particular when the tomogram contains artifacts.
Silencing SMOC2 ameliorates kidney fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation (2017)

Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) belongs to the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) family of matricellular proteins whose members are known to modulate cell-matrix interactions. We report that SMOC2 is upregulated in the kidney tubular epithelial cells of mice and humans following fibrosis. Using genetically manipulated mice with SMOC2 overexpression or knockdown, we show that SMOC2 is critically involved in the progression of kidney fibrosis. Mechanistically, we found that SMOC2 activates a fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) to stimulate stress fiber formation, proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production. Furthermore, we demonstrate that targeting SMOC2 by siRNA results in attenuation of TGFβ1-mediated FMT in vitro and an amelioration of kidney fibrosis in mice. These findings implicate that SMOC2 is a key signaling molecule in the pathological secretome of a damaged kidney and targeting SMOC2 offers a therapeutic strategy for inhibiting FMT-mediated kidney fibrosis - an unmet medical need.
Midostaurin in Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis (2016)

The use of midostaurin, a multikinase inhibitor, has been associated with a response in 60% of patients with systemic mastocytosis, including mast-cell leukemia; the median overall survival was 28 months. A second, smaller trial in France showed a 71% response rate.