gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grain Boundaries: Their Microstructure and Chemistry (2001)

Boundaries and interfaces in materials - introduction principles governing grain shape and size size and orientation of grains energy polycrystalline materials diffusion structure of boundaries and interfaces composition of boundaries and interfaces electronic structure strength of grain boundaries grain boundary composition: equilibrium segregation non-equilibrium segregation interphase boundaries composition changes in materials: introduction role of crystallography on composition relationship between different surfaces interfaces and boundaries iron alloys and steels non-ferrous alloys non-metal systems measurement of composition - introduction indirect methods direct methods electron energy loss spectrometry contrast analysis auger X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy secondary ion mass spectroscopy field ion and atom probe microscopy scanning probe microscopy and atom force microscopy mechanical properties: engineering requirements fracture in materials intergranular fracture strength of grain boundaries temper embrittlement higher temperature and liquation embrittlement of steels creep and creep fatigue stress relief and reheat cracking environmentally assisted cracking irradiation damage others.
A 92-GHz deterministic quadrature oscillator and N-push modulator in 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS (2013)

A voltage-controlled traveling wave oscillator is proposed for deterministic quadrature phase generation. This oscillator topology contains four traveling-wave gain stages that provide 360 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> phase shift around transmission line ring. The oscillator has a center frequency of 92 GHz and a tuning range of 1.3 GHz. The constructive-wave oscillator is fabricated in a 120-nm SiGe BiCMOS process and occupies a total area of 0.65 × 0.67 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a power consumption of 32mW.
Scalable portrait video for mobile video communication (2003)

Wireless networks have been rapidly developing in recent years. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA 1X) for wide areas, and 802.11 and Bluetooth for local areas have already emerged. Broadband wireless networks urgently call for rich contents for consumers. Among various possible applications, video communication is one of the most promising for mobile devices on wireless networks. This paper describes the generation, coding, and transmission of an effective video form, scalable portrait video for mobile video communication. As an expansion to bilevel video, portrait video is composed of more gray levels, and therefore possesses higher visual quality while it maintains a low bit rate and low computational costs. Portrait video is a scalable video in that each video with a higher level always contains all the information of the video with a lower level. The bandwidths of 2-4-level portrait videos fit into the bandwidth range of 20-40 kbps that GPRS and CDMA 1X can stably provide; therefore, portrait video is very promising for video broadcast and communication on 2.5-G wireless networks. With portrait video technology, we are the first to enable two-way video communication on pocket PCs and handheld PCs.
Pain relief after simultaneous administration of intravenous buprenorphine and intrathecal morphine in terminally ill patients; A report of two cases (2000)

AbstractTwo patients affected by cancer in the advanced phase and suffering umbereable pain received the simultaneous administration of a pure hydrophilic mu agonist (morphine) and a lipophilic partial mu agonist (buprenorphine). Morphine was administered intrathecally, buprenorphine intravenously in both cases.This report demonstrates that the administration of small doses of intrathecal morphine to patients receiving intravenous buprenorphine and vice versa does not produce a decrease in the level of analgesia. The simultaneous administration of the two drugs produced a deep and sustained pain relief; this fact seems surprizing since one would expect the contrary. It is accepted that the combined and simultaneous administration of a pure mu agonist together with a partial mu agonist leads to a decrease in the level of pain relief.However, the clinical evidence has demonstrated that the simultaneous administration of intrathecal morphine with intravenous buprenorphine produced better pain control and a lesser incidence of side-effects. Further studies in humans are needed.Keywords: Combined administration of opioidscombined administration of mu agonists and partial mu agonists
Application of peripheral-blood-derived endothelial progenitor cell for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury and infarction: a preclinical study in rat models (2013)

Study findings suggest that PB-EPCs are able to protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion or infarction-induced damage via a Tβ4-mediated mechanism. EPCs may also provide protection through increased expression of proteins involved in mediating vascular growth. Autologous peripheral-blood-derived EPCs are readily available for efficient therapeutic use without the concerns of graft rejection.
On communication security in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks (2003)

Networks of wireless microsensors for monitoring physical environments have emerged as an important new application area for wireless technology. Key attributes of these new types of networked systems are the severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. This paper is a study of the communication security aspects of these networks. Resource limitations and specific architecture of sensor networks call for customized security mechanisms. Our approach is to classify the types of data existing in sensor networks, and identify possible communication security threats according to that classification. We propose a communication security scheme where for each type of data we define a corresponding security mechanism. By employing this multitiered security architecture where each mechanism has different resource requirements, we allow for efficient resource management, which is essential for wireless sensor networks.
Significance of cytosolic cathepsin D in Alzheimer's disease pathology: Protective cellular effects of PLGA nanoparticles against β‐amyloid‐toxicity (2020)

Our study reveals that increased cytosolic level/activity of CatD play an important role in determining neuronal vulnerability in AD. Additionally, native PLGA can protect neurons against Aβ toxicity by restoring lysosomal membrane integrity, thus signifying its implication in attenuating AD.
3D Printing Topographic Maps: A Cartographically Sound Method (2015)

While printing of maps and topography has been practiced by 3D printing hobbyists since the technology's development, no single replicable method for creating cartographically sound topographic maps using a 3D printer. This paper describes one method that has been repeatedly tested and perfected, using both enterprise and fully open source (FOSS) GIS and modelling software packages.
Sendai virus-mediated lysis of liposomes requires cholesterol. (1983)

Vesicles were constituted with glycophorin, the Sendai virus receptor of human erythrocytes, and loaded with calcein, a polar derivative of fluorescein, at self-quenching concentrations. On exposure to Sendai virus and mild hypo-osmotic stress, vesicles of the appropriate composition released a significant portion of their internal contents, as indicated by an increase in calcein fluorescence. Susceptible liposomes were not induced to leak by heat-inactivated virus or by trypsin-treated virus. The response of the vesicles to virus attachment is thus analogous to virus-induced hemolysis and presumably involves fusion of the vesicle and virus membranes. In addition to glycophorin and phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol was absolutely required for the lytic response to the virus. The need for cholesterol was not attributable to inactivation of the virus by liposomes without cholesterol. The presence of gangliosides increased the encapsulated volume of the liposomes, but gangliosides did not effectively substitute for glycophorin. Thin-layer chromatography of lipid extracted from incubated virus and liposomes containing a small amount of a fluorescent phosphatidylcholine indicated that phosphatidylcholine in the vesicle is not chemically altered by functional interaction with the virus.
Discovery of Novel Anticancer Therapeutics Targeting the Pi3K/Akt/Mtor Pathway (2009)

Recent discoveries important for patient stratification, quantification of target modulation in humans and combination therapies will be presented and discussed.
SU‐FF‐I‐13: Organ Doses From Cone‐Beam CT in Radiation Therapy (2009)

Purpose: Daily use of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for patient position verification can lead to a substantial dose to a large volume of normal tissue outside of the planned target volume. The purpose of this work is to quantify this dose for the two kilovoltage CBCT systems currently available on medical linear accelerators, namely the X‐ray Volumetric Imager (XVI®, Elekta Oncology Systems) and the On‐Board Imager (OBI®, Varian Medical Systems). Method and Materials: An adult male anthropomorphic phantom was constructed from three tissue equivalent materials representing lung, bone, and soft tissue. To perform dose measurements within the phantom, a new fiber optic coupled (FOC) dosimeter was also developed and characterized. A total of three clinically relevant scan sites were investigated for each machine: head and neck, chest, and pelvis. For each scan site, the dose to a total of 25 organs was measured based on recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 103 for the evaluation of effective dose. Results: The dose to organs inside the CBCT scan volume was found to be as high as 30 mGy. Due to the large field‐of‐view (FOV) of CBCT and associated radiation scatter, a substantial dose to organs outside of the scan volume was also observed and in some cases this dose was nearly 50% of the dose to organs inside of the scan volume. Conclusions: Results indicate that daily CBCT imaging in a high fraction therapy regimen can result in a substantial dose to organs well outside the planned target volume and should be taken into consideration during the treatment planning and delivery process.
Cycloaddition Reactions of Butadiene and 1,3‐Dipoles to Curved Arenes, Fullerenes, and Nanotubes: Theoretical Evaluation of the Role of Distortion Energies on Activation Barriers (2009)

Diels-Alder cycloadditions of butadiene and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylide, fulminic acid, and the parent nitrone to polyacenes, fullerenes, and nanotubes have been investigated with density functional theory and ONIOM methods. Activation barriers obtained for cycloaddition reactions on planar and curved systems have been shown to be highly correlated to the energy needed to distort the reactants to the geometry of the transition state (TS).
Discretely-sampled partial aperture receiver for orbital angular momentum modes (2017)

Spatial modes, such as orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, are of interest for creating high spectral-efficiency line-of-sight wireless links in propagation environments with limited diversity gain. Four-element receive arrays have been designed using a Monte-Carlo method so as to enable the simultaneous reception of four different OAM modes. A test-bed operating in the 5GHz band has been developed to validate the principle experimentally. The test bed's transmitter is an eight-element uniform circular array, which allows the generation of OAM modes with mode numbers l = ϵ {±3, ±2, ±1,0}. The receiver is a four element array, and all elements in the transmit and receive arrays have a dedicated programmable phase shifter to facilitate rapid adjustment between modes.
Эстрогены и гемопоэтические стволовые клетки (2023)

Широкое распространение стероидных рецепторов в организме человека и долгосрочное (на протяжении многих лет) использование гормональных препаратов в качестве контрацептивных лекарственных средств и препаратов менопаузальной гормональной терапии делают необходимым детальный анализ влияния стероидов и на другие (нерепродуктивные) органы. Особое внимание заслуживает воздействие стероидных гормонов на иммунную систему, и в частности, на гемопоэтические стволовые клетки. Последние, управляя процессами пролиферации и дифференцировки, обеспечивают постоянное обновление клеток иммунной системы. Контроль этого процесса осуществляется как локальной средой костного мозга, так и эндокринной системой. Известны гендерные различия в деятельности иммунной системы. Например, женщины, как правило, живут дольше мужчин, и это частично объясняется действием эстрогенов. Существует 4 вида эстрогенов — эстрон, эстрадиол, эстриол и эстетрол, уровни которых варьируют в тканях в зависимости от активности яичников (стадия полового цикла, гестация, постменопауза). Рассмотрены рецепторные механизмы действия эстрогенов и данные о прямом и косвенном воздействии этих гормонов на гемопоэтические стволовые клетки, иммунные клетки и костную ткань. Регулирование деятельности клеток-мишеней стероидами осуществляется через сложно устроенную сеть сигнальных путей. Информация о гетерогенности стероидных рецепторов и их специфических функциях в клетках иммунной системы частично объясняет причины гендерных и возрастных особенностей развития и течения воспалительных заболеваний. Это также может служить основой для разработки персонализированных схем лекарственной терапии. С другой стороны, открывается перспектива создания препаратов, избирательных по отношению к различным подтипам стероидных рецепторов, которые будут полезны для профилактики и лечения широкого круга заболеваний.
Development and validation of clinical diagnostic models for the probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules (2013)

As the accuracy of the model was high, we suggest that the diagnostic model can be used as a tool to help guiding clinical decisions, when the clinician cannot make a definitive diagnosis of a solitary pulmonary nodule.
Bayesian Sensor Fusion of GNSS and Camera With Outlier Adaptation for Vehicle Positioning (2022)

In this paper we develop a method for vehicle positioning based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and camera information. Both GNSS and camera measurements have noise characteristics that vary in time. As a result, the measurements can abruptly change from reliable to unreliable from one time step to another. To adapt to the changing noise levels and hence improve positioning performance, we combine GNSS information with measurements from a forward looking camera, a steering-wheel angle sensor, wheel-speed sensors, and optionally an inertial sensor. We pose the estimation problem in an interacting multiple-model (IMM) setting and use Bayes recursion to choose the best combination of the estimators. In a simulation study, we compare vehicle models with varying complexity, and on a real road segment we show that the proposed method can accurately adjust to changing noise conditions.
Expression and Detection of ScFvB9 and its Mutant in Recombinant Phage Antibody System (2001)

Recombinant single-chain antibody (ScFvB9) and its mutant (ScFvB9-6) were generated by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the Fab fragment of the murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) B9, MabB9 (gamma2b,kappa), which is specific for human plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 of low density lipopreotein (LDL). In the recombinant phage antibody system (RPAS), the constructed ScFvB9 and ScFvB9-6 antibody genes were cloned into the pCANTAB5E phagemid vector and expressed in E. coli. The active forms of single-chain antibodies (ScFvB9 and ScFvB9-6) were produced as phage-displayed recombinant antibodies or soluble antibody forms in E. coli. The activities of ScFvB9 and ScFvB9-6 were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analysis; the generated mutant ScFvB9-6 showed slightly higher antigen binding activity than native ScFvB9 as a soluble antibody in this RPAS.
Experimental evolution of a fungal pathogen into a gut symbiont (2018)

Gut microbes live in symbiosis with their hosts, but how mutualistic animal-microbe interactions emerge is not understood. By adaptively evolving the opportunistic fungal pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i> in the mouse gastrointestinal tract, we selected strains that not only had lost their main virulence program but also protected their new hosts against a variety of systemic infections. This protection was independent of adaptive immunity, arose as early as a single day postpriming, was dependent on increased innate cytokine responses, and was thus reminiscent of "trained immunity." Because both the microbe and its new host gain some advantages from their interaction, this experimental system might allow direct study of the evolutionary forces that govern the emergence of mutualism between a mammal and a fungus.
Evaluating Modern GPU Interconnect: PCIe, NVLink, NV-SLI, NVSwitch and GPUDirect (2019)

High performance multi-GPU computing becomes an inevitable trend due to the ever-increasing demand on computation capability in emerging domains such as deep learning, big data and planet-scale simulations. However, the lack of deep understanding on how modern GPUs can be connected and the real impact of state-of-the-art interconnect technology on multi-GPU application performance become a hurdle. In this paper, we fill the gap by conducting a thorough evaluation on five latest types of modern GPU interconnects: PCIe, NVLink-V1, NVLink-V2, NVLink-SLI and NVSwitch, from six high-end servers and HPC platforms: NVIDIA P100-DGX-1, V100-DGX-1, DGX-2, OLCF's SummitDev and Summit supercomputers, as well as an SLI-linked system with two NVIDIA Turing RTX-2080 GPUs. Based on the empirical evaluation, we have observed four new types of GPU communication network NUMA effects: three are triggered by NVLink's topology, connectivity and routing, while one is caused by PCIe chipset design issue. These observations indicate that, for an application running in a multi-GPU node, choosing the right GPU combination can impose considerable impact on GPU communication efficiency, as well as the application's overall performance. Our evaluation can be leveraged in building practical multi-GPU performance models, which are vital for GPU task allocation, scheduling and migration in a shared environment (e.g., AI cloud and HPC centers), as well as communication-oriented performance tuning.
A high sensitivity static 2:1 frequency divider up to 19 GHz in 120 nm CMOS (2003)

A completely integrated 19 GHz static 2:1 frequency divider in 120 nm CMOS is presented. The divider operates up to 19 GHz and features an enhanced input sensitivity of 0 dBm over a broad input band of 15 GHz. The circuit draws 44 mA from a single 1.5 V supply. To drive 50 /spl Omega/ loads up to 9.5 GHz, an output buffer is also included in the divider circuit.
Assisted Interpretation of Fiber-Optic Data for Smart-Well Completions (2006)

Abstract New methods have been advanced to process, manipulate, and utilize real-time data from permanent downhole monitoring (PDM) systems such as fiber optic (F-O) pressure, temperature, and flow sensors. These interpretative methods are centered upon detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the wellbore and surrounding near-wellbore region. In addition to facilitating the solution of geometrically complex flow dependencies, the CFD approach accounts for the highly coupled chemical physics inherent in multi-phase systems, particularly gas compressibility effects that impact wellbore hydraulics and heat transfer which, in turn, govern the flow, pressure, and thermal profiles in the wellbore. In the near-wellbore region, true reservoir permeabilities and porosities are honored and used to populate the CFD model. By running the model for different anticipated production scenarios, a series of production "type curve" analogues are generated that can be used to "predict" the time-dependent flow, pressure, and thermal profiles recorded by a PDM, thereby assisting interpretation of the data.
Haptic Recognition of Two-Dimensional Raised-Line Patterns by Early-Blind, Late-Blind, and Blindfolded Sighted Adults (2010)

We investigated the role of visual experience and visual imagery in the processing of two-dimensional (2-D) tactile patterns. The performance of early-blind (EB), late-blind (LB), and blindfolded sighted (S) adults in the recognition of 2-D raised-line patterns was compared. We also examined whether recognition of 2-D tactile patterns depends on the type of memory strategy (eg spatial, visuo-spatial, verbal, and kinesthetic) used by EB, LB, and S participants to perform the task. Significant between-group differences in the recognition performance have not been found despite significant between-group differences in self-reported memory strategies. Recognition performance does not vary significantly with the strategy, but correlates positively with visuo-spatial imagery abilities in the S participants. These findings may be taken to suggest that the difficulties some blind people experience with tactile pictures are not due to difficulties in processing 2-D tactile patterns.
Pfair scheduling of fixed and migrating periodic tasks on multiple resources (2003)

This paper concerns the problem of scheduling sets of preemptable, periodic tasks on multiple resources. We consider a task model that allows arbitrary mixes of fixed and migratable tasks, and prove the existence of an optimal pfair scheduler in this model. Fixed tasks must always be scheduled on a given resource, while migratable tasks can be scheduled on different resources at different times. A pfair scheduler produces a periodic schedule in which the times each task is allocated a processor are approximately evenly spread throughout its period. This paper extends work of Baruah et al., who proved a similar result for systems in which all tasks are migratable.
Considerations for Developing an RF Exposure System: A Review for in vitro Biological Experiments (2010)

This paper provides a detailed review and classification of exposure systems used in RF in vitro research from 1999 up to 2009. Since different endpoints and protocols are used in bioelectromagnetics studies, exposure systems cannot be standardized. However, a standardized procedure to achieve the optimum design of the exposure system is suggested. Following this procedure will lead to a known dose distribution within the biological sample and allow a better comparison with other in vitro studies. In addition, the quality of the study will be such that it will be more likely to be included in assessment procedures such as health-risk assessments.
African Burkitt's lymphoma: a plant, Euphorbia tirucalli, reduces Epstein-Barr virus-specific cellular immunity. (1994)

Endemicity of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) coincides with profusion of a plant Euphorbia tirucalli in tropical Africa. E. tirucalli contains 4-deoxyphorbol ester that enhances Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B lymphocytes. In this study, we found that 4-deoxyphorbol ester reduced EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell function. Furthermore, the B lymphocytes dually exposed to EBV and 4-deoxyphorbol ester were resistant to EBV-specific T cell cytotoxicity, through down-regulation of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), the major target to EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells. These immunologic findings strengthen the notion that E. tirucalli may be an important environmental risk factor for the genesis of African BL.