gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Submicrometer resolution Yablonovite templates fabricated by x-ray lithography (2000)

We report the fabrication and optical characterization of diamond-like photonic structures with 1.3 μm lattice constants. In analogy with the first Yablonovite obtained by a mechanical drilling of a dielectric material, the structures are fabricated in poly(methylmethacrylate) resist using three consecutive exposures to an x-ray beam through a triangular lattice of holes. Up to six crystal periods are obtained in a 6.2-μm-thick resist. The measured reflection and transmission spectra show well contrasted photonic gaps in agreement with numerical simulations. This demonstrates the good optical quality of the structures that can be used as porous templates for transferring the diamond-like pattern to high-refractive-index dielectrics or metals.
Cell Biology and Pathology of Podocytes (2011)

As an integral member of the filtration barrier in the kidney glomerulus, the podocyte is in a unique geographical position: It is exposed to chemical signals from the urinary space (Bowman's capsule), it receives and transmits chemical and mechanical signals to/from the glomerular basement membrane upon which it elaborates, and it receives chemical and mechanical signals from the vascular space with which it also communicates. As with every cell, the ability of the podocyte to receive signals from the surrounding environment and to translate them to the intracellular milieu is dependent largely on molecules residing on the cell membrane. These molecules are the first-line soldiers in the ongoing battle to sense the environment, to respond to friendly signals, and to defend against injurious foes. In this review, we take a membrane biologist's view of the podocyte, examining the many membrane receptors, channels, and other signaling molecules that have been implicated in podocyte biology. Although we attempt to be comprehensive, our goal is not to capture every membrane-mediated pathway but rather to emphasize that this approach may be fruitful in understanding the podocyte and its unique properties.
A Bayesian model of cycle time prediction (2001)

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian statistical approach to cycle time modeling. Three models of cycle time in complex manufacturing environments are proposed. These models capture changes in cycle time mean and variance at different levels of work-in-process. We model cycle time mean during a period as a two-segment piecewise linear function of the period's work-in-process and consider three variance models. The challenge is to estimate the breakpoint between the two segments, and the parameters of each model. To accomplish this, we use the Gibbs sampler and Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to perform a Bayesian analysis. With three competing models, Bayesian model selection is used to identify the most plausible and model averaging is performed on the selected model. We compare the resulting model to an analytical non-linear model on an example and provide some insights.
Asymmetric Metasurfaces with High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math> Resonances Governed by Bound States in the Continuum (2018)

We reveal that metasurfaces created by seemingly different lattices of (dielectric or metallic) meta-atoms with broken in-plane symmetry can support sharp high-Q resonances arising from a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum. We develop a rigorous theory of such asymmetric periodic structures and demonstrate a link between the bound states in the continuum and Fano resonances. Our results suggest the way for smart engineering of resonances in metasurfaces for many applications in nanophotonics and metaoptics.
ARCH: Animatable Reconstruction of Clothed Humans (2020)

In this paper, we propose ARCH (Animatable Reconstruction of Clothed Humans), a novel end-to-end framework for accurate reconstruction of animation-ready 3D clothed humans from a monocular image. Existing approaches to digitize 3D humans struggle to handle pose variations and recover details. Also, they do not produce models that are animation ready. In contrast, ARCH is a learned pose-aware model that produces detailed 3D rigged full-body human avatars from a single unconstrained RGB image. A Semantic Space and a Semantic Deformation Field are created using a parametric 3D body estimator. They allow the transformation of 2D/3D clothed humans into a canonical space, reducing ambiguities in geometry caused by pose variations and occlusions in training data. Detailed surface geometry and appearance are learned using an implicit function representation with spatial local features. Furthermore, we propose additional per-pixel supervision on the 3D reconstruction using opacity-aware differentiable rendering. Our experiments indicate that ARCH increases the fidelity of the reconstructed humans. We obtain more than 50% lower reconstruction errors for standard metrics compared to state-of-the-art methods on public datasets. We also show numerous qualitative examples of animated, high-quality reconstructed avatars unseen in the literature so far.
Requirements for Big Data Adoption for Railway Asset Management (2020)

Nowadays, huge amounts of data have been captured along with the day-to-day operation of assets including railway systems. Hence, we have come to the era of big data. The utilization of big data technologies for asset condition information management is becoming indispensable for improving asset management decision making. The vital information such as precursor information collected on failure modes and knowledge that may be available for analysis is hidden within the large extent of data. There are analysis tools incorporated with techniques such as multiple regression analysis and machine learning that are facilitated by the availability of big data. Therefore, the utilization of big data technologies for asset condition information management is becoming indispensable for improving asset management decision making. This paper provides a review of the requirements and challenges for big data analytics applications to railway asset management. The review focuses on railway asset data collection, data management, data applications with the implementation of Blockchain technology as well as big data analytics technologies. The need for, and the importance of big data analytics in railway asset management; and the requirement for the asset condition data collection in the railway industry are highlighted. Research challenges in railway asset management via application of big data analytics are identified and the future research directions are presented.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 12/2009 (2009)

Back Cover: The image shows a newly suggested technique, which was supplemented with an AC electric field combined with a micro-/nanoimprinting process, to fabricate a patterned micro-/nanoscale-sized replica of the plant structure of a taro leaf. Further details can be found in the article by G. H. Kim,* H. J. Jeon, and H. Yoon* on page 991.
Online 3D face reconstruction with incremental Structure From Motion and a regressor cascade (2014)

In this paper we present a method for online 3D face reconstruction from a video sequence. The face landmarks in a given frame are detected and used to create a 3D shape estimate. The resulting 3D shape is an approximate, sparse representation of the subject’s face. Our reconstruction step is based on a revised version of incremental Structure From Motion, where we use a novel 4D subspace tracking procedure followed by scaled deflation against a vector of ones. Facial landmark detection is built upon a regressor cascade scheme where each subsequent regressor updates the initial shape obtained from the preceding frame.
Automatic Bayesian polarity determination (2016)

The polarity of the first motion of a seismic signal from an earthquake is an important constraint in earthquake source inversion. Microseismic events often have low signal-to-noise ratios, which may lead to difficulties estimating the correct first-motion polarities of the arrivals. This paper describes a probabilistic approach to polarity picking that can be both automated and combined with manual picking. This approach includes a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty of the polarity, improving calculation of the polarity probability density function for source inversion. It is sufficiently fast to be incorporated into an automatic processing workflow. When used in source inversion, the results are consistent with those from manual observations. In some cases, they produce a clearer constraint on the range of high-probability source mechanisms, and are better constrained than source mechanisms determined using a uniform probability of an incorrect polarity pick.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Inosine−Uridine Nucleoside <i>N</i>-Ribohydrolase from <i>Crithidia </i><i>fasciculata</i><sup>,</sup> (1996)

Protozoan parasites rely on the host for purines since they lack a de novo synthetic pathway. Crithidia fasciculata salvages exogenous inosine primarily through hydrolysis of the N-ribosidic bond using several nucleoside hydrolases. The most abundant nucleoside hydrolase is relatively nonspecific but prefers inosine and uridine as substrates. Here we report the three-dimensional structure of the inosine-uridine nucleoside hydrolase (IU-NH) from C. fasciculata determined by X-ray crystallography at a nominal resolution of 2.5 A. The enzyme has an open (alpha, beta) structure which differs from the classical dinucleotide binding fold. IU-nucleoside hydrolase is composed of a mixed eight-stranded beta sheet surrounded by six alpha helices and a small C-terminal lobe composed of four alpha helices. Two short antiparallel beta strands are involved in intermolecular contacts. The catalytic pocket is located at the C-terminal end of beta strands beta 1 and beta 4. Four aspartate residues are located at the bottom of the cavity in a geometry which suggests interaction with the ribose moiety of the nucleoside. These groups could provide the catalytically important interactions to the ribosyl hydroxyls and the stabilizing anion for the oxycarbonium-like transition state. Histidine 241, located on the side of the active site cavity, is the proposed proton donor which facilitates purine base departure [Gopaul, D. N., Meyer, S. L., Degano, M., Sacchettini, J. C., & Schramm, V. L. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 5963-5970]. The substrate binding site is unlike that from purine nucleoside phosphorylase, phosphoribosyltransferases, or uracil DNA glycosylase and thus represents a novel architecture for general acid-base catalysis. This detailed knowledge of the architecture of the active site, together with the previous transition state analysis [Horenstein, B. A., Parkin, D. W., Estupiñán, B., & Schramm, V. L. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 10788-10795], allows analysis of the interactions leading to catalysis and an explanation for the tight-binding inhibitors of the enzyme [Schramm, V. L., Horenstein, B. A., & Kline, P. C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18259-18262].
History, Evolution, and Domestication of<i>Brassica</i>Crops (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Archetypes and Evolution of Basic Genomes and Derived Allopolyploids Ethnobotany, Origin, and Domestication Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Introducing the New Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Computers (2008)

As my three-year term as the founding editor of the Journal of Computers ( JCP , ISSN 1796-203X) ends in September 2008, it gives me great pleasure to introduce Prof. Prabhat Mahanti as the next Editor-in-Chief of JCP . Prof. Mahanti is a Professor in Computer Science at the University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada. He has extensive publications and editorial experience in the field of computer science. He serves on the editorial boards of a number of international scientific journals. He has served on the organizing committees of numerous international conferences in his field. Prof. Mahanti photograph and biography follow. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all JCP Editors, authors, readers, and reviewers for their great help and support over the past three years. I look forward to a bright future for JCP under the leadership of Prof. Mahanti. George J. Sun Outgoing Founding Editor
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: laboratory diagnosis and management. (2000)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a drug-induced immunohaematological adverse reaction, is a rare but potentially very severe condition. The main problem for this complex syndrome is its recognition and management, which should be as early as possible to avoid the development of life-threatening complications. Most studies have reported heterogeneous populations of patients with other diseases that potentially induce thrombocytopenia. There is no gold standard diagnostic criteria, and we have established a score with anamnestic criteria that allows us to evaluate the likelihood of HIT. In clinical practice, the diagnosis is based on the analysis of clinical features and laboratory tests. Platelet aggregation test (PAT) and an ELISA test (heparin platelet-induced antibodies) are generally performed by expert laboratories to confirm the occurrence of HIT. In our experience, both tests are concordant in the majority of patients. PAT seems to correlate better with the clinical features while ELISA appears more specific. Regarding their limits, both are complementary in the determination of HIT diagnosis coupled to the clinical score system. The treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Danaparoid (Orgaran) or lepirudin (Refludan) are the two alternative treatments for HIT patients with marketing approval. To avoid further exposure to heparin, every HIT patient should carry a written document that confirms the immunoallergy.
Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from the Mouth and Potential Association with Malodor (1997)

Bad breath is a common phenomenon, usually the result of bacterial metabolism in the oral cavity. It is generally accepted that Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for this problem, largely through degradation of proteinaceous substances. In initial experiments, screening of malodorous isolates following outgrowth of samples obtained from saliva, periodontal pockets, and the tongue dorsum yielded enterobacterial isolates. Clinical studies were conducted to examine the prevalence of such bacteria in four different populations: orthodontic patients, malodor clinic patients, complete-denture wearers, and a healthy young population. The prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavities of the denture-wearing population was very high (48.0%) as compared with the other groups: 27.1% in the malodor clinic patients, 16.4% in the normal population, and 13% among orthodontic patients. Isolates of Klebsiella and Enterobacter emitted foul odors in vitro which resembled bad breath, with concomitant production of volatile sulfides and cadaverine, both compounds related to bad breath. When incubated on a sterile denture, enterobacterial isolates produced typical denture foul odor. Isolates exhibited cell-surface hydrophobic properties when tested for adhesion to acryl and aggregation with ammonium sulphate. The results, taken together, suggest that Klebsiella and related Enterobacteriaceae may play a role in denture malodor.
Evolution of Innovative Test Methodology for Evaluation of Hardfacing Materials in both Cased and Open Hole Environments (2008)

Abstract Extensive development has been made in the field of wear evaluation of hardfacing materials for downhole applications. These improvements have been industry driven to optimize drilling operations and reduce cost. Previous testing methods such as DEA-42 presented multiple hardware and process deficiencies which recorded results which were inaccurate, unreliable and not repeatable. An evolution of both hardware and processes for hardfacing material testing was developed over a 36-month period through laboratory testing and data evaluation. This new methodology has been applied to the evaluation of hardfacing materials in both open and cased hole environments. Not only does it provide more reliable data, it also provides the flexibility to test different fluids, casing grades and varying open hole media. Actual material properties such as friction factors and wear rates have been successfully and accurately measured. It has also been used to identify break-in periods for different hardfacing materials. The methodology has demonstrated repeatable and accurate results for wear characteristics for hardfacing materials under various conditions. Multiple hardfacing materials have been evaluated and their performance compared through this methodology. This methodology greatly surpasses previously established and outdated industry standards. This methodology was employed to engineer and develop a fourth-generation casing friendly hardfacing material currently in service. This novel approach provides reliable wear characteristics data for available hardfacing materials. It provides a benchmark for industry evaluation of hardfacing materials previously not available in the industry. The use of this technology will aid in the development, selection, and performance evaluation of hardfacing materials for modern and complex well programs. It will improve downhole drilling performance by providing better selection of hardfacing materials.
Life Microscope: Continuous daily-activity recording system with tiny wireless sensor (2008)

A continuous daily-activity recording system called “life microscope” is developed. Acceleration waveform data is acquired without any data loss for a week with a 150-mAh battery. This is made possible by two novel techniques: “cool sense” and “safe packet”. Cool sense reduces power by 98% during continuous sensing at frequencies such as 20 Hz by using a millisecond time-scale sleep. Safe packet ensures lossless data acquisition with low-cost storage and efficient data compression in wireless environments with interference. In our experiment using the life microscope system, we recorded lossless activity data of 20 participants for more than 4 months.
Protease-activated receptor-4 inhibition protects from multiorgan failure in a murine model of systemic inflammation (2007)

Coagulation proteases may act as cell signaling molecules via protease-activated receptor (PAR) cleavage, subsequently affecting cellular and inflammatory responses. Activation of PARs in the setting of systemic inflammation and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) might thus exacerbate the inflammatory response contributing to tissue and organ damage. To investigate the role of PAR-4 in these processes, we subjected mice to a model of systemic inflammation and DIC (Shwartzman reaction) in the absence or presence of a cell-penetrating pepducin antagonist of PAR-4 (P4pal-10). P4pal-10 dose-dependently diminished the severity of endotoxemia and preserved liver, kidney, as well as lung function. Moreover, systemic inflammation and local (neutrophilic) inflammatory responses were attenuated. In vitro migration assays and P4pal-10 treatment in neutropenic mice suggest an essential role for neutrophils in PAR-4-mediated pathology. P4pal-10 treatment of thrombocytopenic mice excluded the involvement of platelets in this phenomenon. These results uncover an important role for PAR-4 in the Shwartzman reaction and suggest that inhibition of PAR-4 signaling in neutrophils could be protective in systemic inflammation and DIC.
Antibodies in the Future: Challenges and Opportunities (2006)

In the more than 200 years since Jenner’s time, antibodies have become an indispensable tool in the study of biology and medicine. In biology, they have been a key component of the surge in fundamental knowledge that has occurred in the last quarter century. In the practice of medicine, multiple vaccines have led to the control (at least in the developed world) of many infectious diseases (e.g., polio, mumps, measles, chicken pox). They have also been envisioned to deliver drugs and other compounds to the site of disease.
[Effects of 17beta-estradiol on the intracellular calcium of masticatory muscles myoblast in vitro]. (2007)

The results suggest that estrogen may maintain the skeletal cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in a lower level and reduce the cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation to keep the normal functions of masticatory muscles myoblast.
Indoor localization methods based on Wi-Fi lateration and signal strength data collection (2015)

The paper describes two Wi-Fi lateration methods based on signal propagation model and signal strength data collection for indoor localization using Android-based mobile device. The considered methods use log-normal path loss model for signal propagation and received signal strength measurement collection for distance estimation and lateration approach for localization. The indoor signal propagation problem is resolved by received signal strength measuring and special ring radio map building those improve localization accuracy. Indoor localization technique opens possibilities for development various intelligent systems that provide the user location-based information inside buildings.
Deodorizing Effect of Cacao Polyphenols against Methyl Mercaptan. (2001)

カカオニブ,カカオハスクに含まれるポリフェノール成分に着目し,そのメチルメルカプタン(CH3SH)に対する消臭活性評価を行い,以下の知見を得た.(1) カカオニブ,カカオハスク抽出物ともにCH3SHに対して消臭活性を示し,特にポリフェノール成分を多く含む50%エタノール抽出物(50E)に強い消臭活性がみられた.また各抽出物の消臭活性とポリフェノール含量の間には高い相関性が認められた.(2) 消臭活性の高いカカオハスク50EをDiaion HP 20を用いて分画し,消臭活性を持つ50E-4画分を得た.その消臭活性は銅クロロフィリンナトリウムよりも強いものであった.(3) カカオハスクより精製された50E-4画分は,13C-NMR分析およびGPC分析の結果,(-)-epicatechinを主要構成成分とする7-8の高重合度のポリフェノール成分であることが推定された.(4) プロシアニジン類(単量体-5量体)では,ポリフェノール成分の酸化的重合が進むにつれて消臭活性は高まることが判明した.
Use of 532-nm Pulsed Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser and Adjuvant Intralesional Bevacizumab for Aggressive Respiratory Papillomatosis in Children (2010)

Injectable bevacizumab appears to show some efficacy in prolonging the time between treatments and therefore reducing the number of treatments per year in children with severe RRP. However, before any meaningful conclusions can be drawn, further studies must be conducted in the form of head-to-head trials looking specifically at the issues of time between treatment intervals, efficacy of one adjunct over another, vocal outcomes, and whether several adjunctive treatments confer advantage over 1 treatment. In-depth and careful informed consent is mandatory for these studies so that parents are aware of the risks and benefits (known and unknown) before such individualized decisions are made.