gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional polyesters enable selective siRNA delivery to lung cancer over matched normal cells (2016)

Conventional chemotherapeutics nonselectively kill all rapidly dividing cells, which produces numerous side effects. To address this challenge, we report the discovery of functional polyesters that are capable of delivering siRNA drugs selectively to lung cancer cells and not to normal lung cells. Selective polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) were identified by high-throughput library screening on a unique pair of matched cancer/normal cell lines obtained from a single patient. Selective NPs promoted rapid endocytosis into HCC4017 cancer cells, but were arrested at the membrane of HBEC30-KT normal cells during the initial transfection period. When injected into tumor xenografts in mice, cancer-selective NPs were retained in tumors for over 1 wk, whereas nonselective NPs were cleared within hours. This translated to improved siRNA-mediated cancer cell apoptosis and significant suppression of tumor growth. Selective NPs were also able to mediate gene silencing in xenograft and orthotopic tumors via i.v. injection or aerosol inhalation, respectively. Importantly, this work highlights that different cells respond differentially to the same drug carrier, an important factor that should be considered in the design and evaluation of all NP carriers. Because no targeting ligands are required, these functional polyester NPs provide an exciting alternative approach for selective drug delivery to tumor cells that may improve efficacy and reduce adverse side effects of cancer therapies.
A Real-Time Spectroscopic Sensor for Monitoring Laser Welding Processes (2009)

In this paper we report on the development of a sensor for real time monitoring of laser welding processes based on spectroscopic techniques. The system is based on the acquisition of the optical spectra emitted from the laser generated plasma plume and their use to implement an on-line algorithm for both the calculation of the plasma electron temperature and the analysis of the correlations between selected spectral lines. The sensor has been patented and it is currently available on the market.
Surface Plasmon Enhanced Diffraction for Label-Free Biosensing (2004)

Surface plasmon enhanced evanescent field at a (noble) metal/dielectric interface can be employed to enhance the diffraction efficiency of surface grating structure composed of biomolecules. Based on a Kretschmann configuration, we realized a diffraction biosensor to monitor the dynamic interaction of biological molecules in a label-free way. It was demonstrated by the binding of an anti-biotin antibody to the biotin-functionalized region of a periodically patterned surface, which generated significant optical contrast to diffract the surface plasmon field. With the aid of the synchronic surface plasmon resonance signal, a quadratic dependence of diffraction signal on the amount of bound antibody was found, which coincides with the theoretical expectation. Time-dependent measurements were conducted to estimate the density of biotin thiols on the functional region.
Competitive Design of Multiuser MIMO Systems Based on Game Theory: A Unified View (2008)

This paper considers the noncooperative maximization of mutual information in the Gaussian interference channel in a fully distributed fashion via game theory. This problem has been studied in a number of papers during the past decade for the case of frequency-selective channels. A variety of conditions guaranteeing the uniqueness of the Nash Equilibrium (NE) and convergence of many different distributed algorithms have been derived. In this paper we provide a unified view of the state-of- the-art results, showing that most of the techniques proposed in the literature to study the game, even though apparently different, can be unified using our recent interpretation of the waterfilling operator as a projection onto a proper polyhedral set. Based on this interpretation, we then provide a mathematical framework, useful to derive a unified set of sufficient conditions guaranteeing the uniqueness of the NE and the global convergence of waterfilling based asynchronous distributed algorithms. The proposed mathematical framework is also instrumental to study the extension of the game to the more general MIMO case, for which only few results are available in the current literature. The resulting algorithm is, similarly to the frequency-selective case, an iterative asynchronous MIMO waterfilling algorithm. The proof of convergence hinges again on the interpretation of the MIMO waterfilling as a matrix projection, which is the natural generalization of our results obtained for the waterfilling mapping in the frequency-selective case.
S-, N-, and Se-Difluoromethylation Using Sodium Chlorodifluoroacetate (2013)

A simple protocol for the difluoromethylation of thiols is reported using chlorodifluoroacetate as the difluoromethylating agent. This cheap reagent undergoes smooth decarboxylation at 95 °C to afford difluorocarbene, which can be trapped with a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic thiols. The reaction is also effective for the difluoromethylation of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and phenylselenol.
Interferometric processing to look-ahead bed boundary and measure distance and resistivity (2013)

The interferometric processing of the long-spacing low-frequency LWD resistivity-log data can be used to detect a bed boundary ahead of the tool and to determine the distance to the boundary and the resistivity beyond the boundary. The interferometric signal is zero when the tool is away from the boundary. The boundary can be identified as the interferometric signal deviates from zero. The distance to the boundary is determined if the formation resistivity beyond the boundary is a priori known. Otherwise, plural or multiple measurements of different depths/ranges of investigation should be made, for instance at multiple frequencies, to simultaneously determine the distance and the resistivity beyond the boundary.
<title>System For Automated Real-Time Generation Of Higher Order Energy Subtraction Images In Digital Fluoroscopy</title> (1981)

When energy subtraction methods are employed in digital radiography it is necessary to combine the initial images in a weighted fashion. This paper discusses the instrumentation developed to automatically generate up to quadratic order combinations of x-ray images at realtime video rates in energy subtraction digital fluorography. Although the energy mode used is three-beam K-edge subtraction, the same instrumentation can also be used for dual beam imaging. The method is implemented by first acquiring logarithmically amplified digital fluorographic images of a calibration phantom with each of three spectrally different x-ray beams. The distribution of iodinated contrast material in the phantom is presumed known and the phantom thicknesses cover the range expected to be encountered clinically. Next, individual pixel values from the images are automatically fed to a PDP 11/10 computer where the weighting coefficients are calculated by least squares. The optimum coefficients are next loaded from the computer into a hardware multiplier network capable of combination of 256 x 256 pixel images at realtime video rates. Once loaded with the fitted coefficients the network is then calibrated and ready to generate energy sub-traction images of arbitrary objects. The complexity of the image combination may range from linear to full quadratic combination of differences of the three initial images. The emphasis of this paper is a discussion of the closed form iodine specific fit used to determine the coefficients and the instrumentation aspects of the system: design of the computer interface and design and operation of the multiplier network. Sample experimental results are presented.
An Analysis of Residence Time Distribution Patterns in A Twin Screw Cooking Extruder (1986)

The influence of a co-rotating twin screw extruder's controlling variables on its residence time distribution (RTD) patterns were measured and analyzed. Variables studied included: screw profile, throughput, screw speed, moisture content and die diameter. Throughput, screw speed and screw profile had strong influence on the mean residence time. Water content, die size and temperature did not.A combination plug flow-perfect mixing model was shown to adequately describe the dimensionless RTD data.
Overexpression of the <i>erbB-2</i> Proto-oncogene in Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines and Tumors (2004)

The status of the erbB-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu) proto-oncogene in canine osteosarcoma (OSA) has not been reported previously. In this study we used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to evaluate erbB-2 expression in seven canine OSA cell lines and 10 canine OSA tissue samples. We determined erbB-2 to be significantly overexpressed in 86% (six of seven) of the cell lines and 40% (4 of 10) of the OSA tissues samples. Given the importance of erbB-2 in human breast cancer, the finding of erbB-2 overexpression in canine OSA may be important in further understanding the pathogenesis and possible therapies of OSA.
Bridged Boratabenzene Zirconium Complexes:  Analogues of the <i>a</i><i>nsa</i>-Zirconocene Polymerization Catalysts (1998)

Ethylene-bridged bis(N,N-diisopropyl-1-aminoboratabenzene-4-yl)zirconium dichloride (5a), dimethylsilyl-bridged bis(N,N-diisopropyl-1-aminoboratabenzene-4-yl)zirconium dichloride (7a), and dimethylmethylene-bridged (cyclopentadienyl)(N,N-diisopropyl-1-aminoboratabenzene-4-yl)zirconium dichloride (6a) have been prepared. X-ray crystal structures of the dimethyl derivatives of 5 and 7 show that the complexes closely resemble the corresponding ansa-zirconocenes. When activated by excess methylaluminoxane, 5a, 6a, and 7a are catalysts for the polymerization of olefins.
Effects of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Therapy on Chronic Pelvic Pain (2012)

PTNS is a type of treatment which contributes to the quality of life of women with CPP by decreasing the intensity of pain.
Synthetic Study of Optically Active 3-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,6,8-tricarboxylic Acid (2003)

Synthesis of (1R,2S,5S,6R,8S)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,6,8-tricarboxylic acid (2) from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (5) was attempted. A Diels-Alder reaction of 3,4-dehydroproline derivative 9 and cyclopentadiene afforded a single stereoisomer 11. The Diels-Alder adduct was smoothly converted to the hydrochloride of 2 (24) via RuO(4) oxidation. Although some racemization of the material or product was observed during the synthetic processes, the amino acid 24 proved to be optically pure.
A 24GHz sub-harmonically image rejection mixer with various asymmetrical diode pair (2010)

In this work, we compare three different mixing anti-parallel diode pair (APDP) which is EE/ED/DD mode for single side-band sub-harmonically image rejection up converter mixer (SHIRM), we analysis the APDP effect about Image Rejection Ratio (IRR) and Conversion Loss(CL). This structure is a 24G SHIRM using reentrant couplers for radio frequency (RF) and the quarter-wavelength line for local frequency (LO). The SHIRM is realized size employing four anti-parallel diode pairs for mixing frequency, fabricated in a 0.5-μm GaAs process. And the proposed circuit with a symmetric layout provides good matches on amplitude and phase performances. The measured results exhibit a minimum conversion loss of 16.25 dB for DD mode, a maximum image rejection ratio of 20.4 dB for EE mode finally all port's isolation better than 10 dB. The chip area is very compact, only 1 × 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Alkoxy Derivatives of Dodecaborate: Discrete Nanomolecular Ions with Tunable Pseudometallic Properties (2007)

Twelve of one, a dozen of the other: Synthetic pseudometallic molecules were prepared by fully substituting the [B12H12]2− ion with 12 alkoxy groups. Reversible redox reactions reveal substituent-dependent potentials varying over 1.2 V (see picture) which were characterized and correlated using Hammett and QSAR linear free-energy relationships.
Starr–Edwards aortic valve: 50+ years and still going strong: a case report (2017)

The advent of the Starr-Edwards mechanical valve marked the beginning of the modern era for heart valve replacement. Nowadays, this valve has been supplanted by lower profile bileaflet mechanical prostheses that are considered to have better haemodynamics, lesser risk of thrombo-embolic complications, and longer durability without structural prosthesis failure. These assumptions often lead physicians to face with the question of systematically replacing functional Starr-Edwards valves in patients undergoing redo operations on other valves. We report the case of a 67-year-old patient who recently underwent mitral valve replacement for symptomatic rheumatic valve disease with an excellent outcome. During the operation, the Starr-Edwards valve in the aortic position implanted 51 years earlier was found to still functioning normally hence was left in place, thereby breaking a new longevity record for a valve prosthesis.
Uplink scheduling solution for enhancing throughput and fairness in relayed long‐term evolution networks (2014)

Relaying is one of the key techniques adopted by third‐generation partnership project long‐term evolution (LTE) advanced as part of 4G cellular technologies, aiming to increase coverage and capacity of networks especially for the edge nodes. The authors have considered the uplink scheduling of LTE networks with the help of positioned relay nodes which have fixed routing configuration. The entire problem is projected as a constrained convex optimisation formulation and for the solution purpose, subgradient method is adopted. Revealing the guiding principles of optimal solution, a few suboptimal scheduling algorithms are proposed to allocate resource blocks across all nodes with the help of existing work. Deploying a large number of relays may not be useful to basic user nodes, and hence, the proposed schemes are adaptive and have ability to distinguish useful relays from not‐useful ones. In addition to system throughput maximisation, for ensuring fairness across user nodes, the authors have proposed scheduling techniques which are the outcome of Nash bargaining solution. Numerical calculations and results have been shown to justify that relay nodes can potentially improve system's performance at low load, whereas at high load they remain inactive because of their inability to contribute.
Determining an Optimal Gated Loudness Measurement for TV Sound Normalization (2010)

Undesirable loudness jumps are a notorious problem in television broadcast. The solution consists in switching to loudness-based metering and program normalization. In Europe this development has been led by the EBU P/LOUD group, working towards a single target level for loudness normalization applying to all genres of programs. P/LOUD found that loudness normalization as specified by ITU-R BS.1770-1 works fairly well for the majority of broadcast programs. However, it was realized that wide loudness-range programs were not well-aligned with other programs when using ITU-R BS.1770-1 directly, but that adding a measurement-gate provided a simple yet effective solution. P/LOUD therefore conducted a formal listening experiment to perform a subjective evaluation of different gate parameters. This paper specifies the method of the subjective evaluation and presents the results in term of preferred gating parameters.
Analysis and Control of Robot Manipulators with Redundancy (1983)

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a significant cause of human diseases worldwide. Interactions between these viruses and the innate immune system play a major role in determining the outcome of disease. The complement system is particularly important in this process as activation of complement can contribute to both host defense as well as injury to host tissues. This review focuses on the increasing evidence that the complement system plays key roles in both protective and pathologic outcomes of arbovirus infection.
The Van der Peet Test: Constitutional Recognition or Constitutional Restriction? (2012)

This article uses the case of R. v. Van der Peet to critically analyze the role of language in Section 35(1) of the Canadian Constitution in perpetuating asymmetrical power dynamics within the framework of colonialism. In defining which practices are protected in the form of Indigenous rights under Section 35(1), the courts have imposed a two-stage test called the Integral to a Distinctive Culture Test or Van der Peet Test. This test stipulates three criteria; the practice must: originate from "pre-contact", be "distinctive", and conform or "reconcile" with state sovereignty. This article demonstrates how these criteria hinder the development of Indigenous rights, restrict the scope of such rights, and marginalize Indigenous peoples in Canadian society. Analyzing the role of the deliberative wording of this constitutional order reveals a foundation for contemporary colonialism and oppression, whereby colonial power relations are facilitated and secured by antiquated, ethnocentric ideals upheld by the Judiciary. Exposing the illegitimacy embedded within the State's uninhibited, exclusive sovereignty directs this discussion to the suggestion that the State lacks the authority to grant Indigenous rights. This article concludes with the argument that, as the original inhabitants of this land, Indigenous Nations possess the inherent extra-constitutional right to self-determination that can only be achieved through self-affirmation.
CHiME-6 Challenge:Tackling Multispeaker Speech Recognition for Unsegmented Recordings (2020)

Following the success of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th CHiME challenges we organize the 6th CHiME Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge (CHiME-6). The new challenge revisits the previous CHiME-5 challenge and further considers the problem of distant multi-microphone conversational speech diarization and recognition in everyday home environments. Speech material is the same as the previous CHiME-5 recordings except for accurate array synchronization. The material was elicited using a dinner party scenario with efforts taken to capture data that is representative of natural conversational speech. This paper provides a baseline description of the CHiME-6 challenge for both segmented multispeaker speech recognition (Track 1) and unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition (Track 2). Of note, Track 2 is the first challenge activity in the community to tackle an unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition scenario with a complete set of reproducible open source baselines providing speech enhancement, speaker diarization, and speech recognition modules.
Advances in High-Speed Phosphor Printing (1987)

The development of the optical character reading (OCR) machine for high-speed code marking and sortation of letter mail has led to the need for a high-speed method of printing the phosphorescent code marks used by the mechanised letter sorting machines. This paper looks at the requirements for the printing system, the method adopted and the results achieved.
Patterns of changes in proteins in the peritoneal fluid of women during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle (1986)

During a laparoscopy that was performed between Day -6 and Day +9 of the cycle as related to the day of the LH peak (Day 0), the peritoneal fluid of 100 healthy female volunteers of proven fertility was collected and analysed. Peritoneal fluid volume and concentrations of total protein, albumin, alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta- and gamma-globulins, IgA, IgG, IgM, haptoglobulin, acid-alpha 1-glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C3-, C4- and C-reactive protein were determined. The peritoneal fluid volume and the concentrations of most proteins analysed showed an increase during the post-ovulatory phase of the period investigated. The peritoneal fluid:serum ratio of each individual protein showed a significant inverse correlation with its molecular weight. This confirms the assumption that peritoneal fluid is mainly an exudation product, most probably of ovarian origin.
Charge carrier dynamics in organic semiconductors by position dependent optical probing (2007)

We investigate charge carrier transport in poly-(3-hexylthiophene) films where sizable lateral photovoltaic effects are observed. Spatiotemporal measurements of the lateral photovoltage (LPV) using a local optical probe are carried out on device structures consisting of the semiconducting polymer film with a Schottky-type backcontact and a front pair of Ohmic contacts. We employ a spreading impedance approach in the context of a discrete circuit element model to obtain a quantitative understanding of the spatial dependence and the frequency response of the lateral photovoltage. An excellent agreement between theoretical model and experiment is found, leading to an understanding of the origin of LPV in organic systems.
Mechanisms of the isomerization of butenes on titanium dioxide (1977)

The isomerization of butenes on TiO2 proceeds through three different mechanisms, involving, respectively, protonic sites, Lewis acid sites, and basic sites, depending on the pretreatment temperature of the TiO2 catalyst.
The effect of surface orientation on silicon oxidation kinetics (2021)

It is well established that the rate of thermal oxidation of silicon depends on the surface orientation, but a comprehensive model for the role of the surface orientation in the kinetic mechanism is lacking. The results of several experiments designed to develop a better understanding of which surface properties are most important in establishing the oxidation rate are reported. The results indicate that the Si surface atom density is important in the initial stages of oxidation and a revised explanation for the crossover effect is proposed.
Fire Surveillance System Using an Omni-directional Camera for&#x0A0;&#x0A0;Remote Monitoring (2008)

This paper proposes new video-based fire surveillance and remote monitoring system for real-life application. Most previous video-based fire detection systems using color information and temporal variations of pixels produce frequent false alarms due to the use of many heuristic features. Plus, they need several cameras to overcome the dead angle problem of a normal CCD camera. Thus, to overcome these problems, probabilistic models of fire are generated based on the fact that fire pixel values in consecutive frames change constantly and these models are applied to a Bayesian Networks to detect real fire from videos. In our system, we use an omni-directional camera instead of a normal CCD camera to remove the dead angle problem. After then, the fire region is captured by pan-tilt camera and transferred to cell phone for remote monitoring. The proposed system was successfully applied to various fire-detection tasks in real-world environments and effectively distinguished fire from fire-colored moving objects.
Characterization and Amino Acid Sequence of a New Acidic Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitor (Cystatin SA) Structurally Closely Related to Cystatin S, from Human Whole Saliva1 (1987)

A cysteine proteinase inhibitor (designated as cystatin SA) was isolated from human whole saliva by procedures including chromatography on DE 32 and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The amino acid sequence determined by conventional methods showed sequence homology of 90 and 87% as compared with the sequences of cystatin S and cystatin SN, respectively, both of which are salivary inhibitors characterized previously. The new inhibitor consisted of 117 residues and had a pI value of 4.3. Cystatin SA inhibited ficin and papain more strongly than cystatin S or cystatin SN did. It also exhibited inhibitory activity toward dipeptidyl peptidase I but the activity was much weaker than those toward ficin and papain.