gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fast Correlation Method for Scale-and Translation-Invariant Pattern Recognition (1984)

A size- and position-invariant description of an image function can be obtained via the absolute value of the Mellin transform of its Fourier amplitude spectrum. If the transform is implemented on a digital computer via a discrete Fourier-Mellin transform, these exact invariances are not preserved due to sampling-and border-effects. In this paper these effects are discussed, and an alternative correlation method is proposed. The method consists of calculating the normalized absolute magnitude of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the image function (which gives invariance to translation and multiplicative amplitude changes) and a subsequent logarithmic distortion in x- and y- direction, which converts scaling to translation. Two such transforms are compared by calculating the normalized Euclidean distances between both for all possible relative shifts along the main diagonal. If, for some shift, the distance has a minimum below a similarity threshold, the underlying image functions will probably differ only by translation and scaling. The magnitude of this shift is related to the scale factor between the objects. Good separation between similar and nonsimilar objects is possible if two size criteria imposed by the DFT are met: the total object size must not exceed N/4 (N is the number of image points in each dimension), and object details have to be larger than about 4 image points. As a consequence, N increases with object complexity and desired scale range.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Vestibular Schwannomas: Insights for the Development of Novel Medical Therapies (2012)

Vestibular schwannomas (VS), benign intracranial tumors originating from the vestibulocochlear nerve, usually present with hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance dysfunction. Rarely, however, if untreated, these neoplasms can cause significant patient compromise - resulting in facial paralysis, brainstem compression, and even death. Those with vestibular schwannomas currently choose between surgery and stereotactic radiation therapy as available treatment options. Unfortunately, no medical therapies are presently U.S. Food & Drug Administration approved, representing an urgent and unmet clinical need. Recent breakthroughs in research have discovered key cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling pathways that drive vestibular schwannoma tumorigenesis, proliferation, and survival. A number of promising inhibitors targeting these signaling molecules have also now shown efficacy in preclinical VS cell culture models and animal experiments, with some recently entering human clinical trials. In this review, we summarize ErbB receptor signaling, PDGF receptors, MAP kinase signaling, AKT, p21-activated kinase signaling, mTOR, and VEGF signaling in the context of vestibular schwannoma drug development efforts worldwide. Today, it is truly an exciting time as our specialty stands on the verge of major breakthroughs in the development of medical therapies for VS.
Application issues in the use of depth from (de)focus analysis methods (2011)

Recovering 3D object information through analyzing image focus (or defocus) has been shown to be a potential tool in situations where only a single viewing point is possible. Precise modeling and manipulation of imaging system parameters, e.g. depth of field, modulation transfer function and sensor characteristics, as well as lighting condition and object surface characteristics are critical for effectiveness of such methods. Sub-optimal performance is achieved when one or more of these parameters are dictated by other factors. In this paper, we will discuss the implicit requirements imposed by most common depth from focus/defocus (DFF/DFD) analysis methods and offer related application considerations. We also describe how a priori information about the objects of interest can be used to improve performance in realistic applications of this technology.
Neurotrophins: A Link between Airway Inflammation and Airway Smooth Muscle Contractility in Asthma? (1999)

These data strongly suggest that neurotrophins serve as a link between airway inflammation and neuronal control of ASM constriction in BA.
POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER LOCALIZED NEAR THE ALLOGRAFT IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (2000)

In a large cohort of renal allograft recipients, PTLD affected 1%. Disease localized near the allograft was the most common variant. For most patients with localized disease, the outcome was graft loss, and the mortality was low. Localized PTLD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of allograft dysfunction in the 1st posttransplant year.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,4-Triazinylphenylalkylthiazolecarboxylic Acid Esters as Cytokine-Inhibiting Antedrugs with Strong Bronchodilating Effects in an Animal Model of Asthma (2004)

The influx of leukocytes (eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) into the airways and their production of proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the severity of allergic asthma. We describe here the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of triazinylphenylalkylthiazolecarboxylic acid esters that were designed to act as lung-specific antedrugs and inhibitors of the production of interleukin (IL)-5, a primary eosinophil-activating and proinflammatory cytokine. Closer examination of the hydroxypropyl ester, 15, indicated its high metabolic stability (t(1/2) > 240 min) in human lung S9 fraction but rapid conversion (t(1/2) = 15 min) into the pharmacologically inactive carboxylic acid by human liver preparations. In stimulated human whole blood cultures, 15 reduced not only the production of IL-5 (IC(50) = 78 nM) but also the biosynthesis of the monocyte chemotactic proteins MCP-1 (IC(50) = 220 nM), MCP-2 (IC(50) = 580 nM), and MCP-3 (IC(50) = 80 nM). In vivo, intratracheal administration of 15 (6 mg/animal) to allergic sheep, either before (-4 h) or after (+1.5 h) the pulmonary allergen challenge, completely abrogated the late-phase airway response and reduced the bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled carbachol.
Evaluating visual analytics systems for investigative analysis: Deriving design principles from a case study (2009)

Despite the growing number of systems providing visual analytic support for investigative analysis, few empirical studies of the potential benefits of such systems have been conducted, particularly controlled, comparative evaluations. Determining how such systems foster insight and sensemaking is important for their continued growth and study, however. Furthermore, studies that identify how people use such systems and why they benefit (or not) can help inform the design of new systems in this area. We conducted an evaluation of the visual analytics system Jigsaw employed in a small investigative sensemaking exercise, and we compared its use to three other more traditional methods of analysis. Sixteen participants performed a simulated intelligence analysis task under one of the four conditions. Experimental results suggest that Jigsaw assisted participants to analyze the data and identify an embedded threat. We describe different analysis strategies used by study participants and how computational support (or the lack thereof) influenced the strategies. We then illustrate several characteristics of the sensemaking process identified in the study and provide design implications for investigative analysis tools based thereon. We conclude with recommendations for metrics and techniques for evaluating other visual analytics investigative analysis tools.
Non-blocking timeout in scalable queue-based spin locks (2002)

Queue-based spin locks allow programs with busy-wait synchronization to scale to very large multiprocessors, without fear of starvation or performance-destroying contention. Timeout-capable spin locks allow a thread to abandon its attempt to acquire a lock; they are used widely in real-time systems to avoid overshooting a deadline, and in database systems to recover from transaction deadlock and to tolerate preemption of the thread that holds a lock.In previous work we showed how to incorporate timeout in scalable queue-based locks. Technological trends suggest that this combination will be of increasing commercial importance. Our previous solutions, however, require a thread that is timing out to handshake with its neighbors in the queue, a requirement that may lead to indefinite delay in a preemptively multiprogrammed system.In the current paper we present new queue-based locks in which the timeout code is non-blocking. These locks sacrifice the constant worst-case space per thread of our previous algorithms, but allow us to bound the time that a thread may be delayed by preemption of its peers. We present empirical results indicating that space needs are modest in practice, and that performance scales well to large machines. We also conjecture that constant per-thread space cannot be guaranteed together with non-blocking timeout in a queue-based lock.
Magnitude of artifacts caused by bubbles and headspace in the determination of volatile compounds in water (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnitude of artifacts caused by bubbles and headspace in the determination of volatile compounds in waterJames F. PankowCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 8, 1822–1826Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00121a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00121a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecularly-ordered hydrogels with controllable, anisotropic stimulus response (2019)

Hydrogels which morph between programmed shapes in response to aqueous stimuli are of significant interest for biosensors and artificial muscles, among other applications. However, programming hydrogel shape change at small size scales is a significant challenge. Here we use the inherent ordering capabilities of liquid crystals to create a mechanically anisotropic hydrogel; when coupled with responsive comonomers, the mechanical anisotropy in the network guides shape change in response to the desired aqueous condition. Our synthetic strategy hinges on the use of a methacrylic chromonic liquid crystal monomer which can be combined with a non-polymerizable chromonic of similar structure to vary the magnitude of shape change while retaining liquid crystalline order. This shape change is directional due to the mechanical anisotropy of the gel, which is up to 50% stiffer along the chromonic stack direction than perpendicular. Additionally, we show that the type of stimulus to which these anisotropic gels respond can be switched by incorporating responsive, hydrophilic comonomers without destroying the nematic phase or alignment. The utility of these properties is demonstrated in polymerized microstructures which exhibit Gaussian curvature in response to high pH due to emergent ordering in a micron-sized capillary.
Temporal Action Localization with Pyramid of Score Distribution Features (2016)

We investigate the feature design and classification architectures in temporal action localization. This application focuses on detecting and labeling actions in untrimmed videos, which brings more challenge than classifying presegmented videos. The major difficulty for action localization is the uncertainty of action occurrence and utilization of information from different scales. Two innovations are proposed to address this issue. First, we propose a Pyramid of Score Distribution Feature (PSDF) to capture the motion information at multiple resolutions centered at each detection window. This novel feature mitigates the influence of unknown action position and duration, and shows significant performance gain over previous detection approaches. Second, inter-frame consistency is further explored by incorporating PSDF into the state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural Networks, which gives additional performance gain in detecting actions in temporally untrimmed videos. We tested our action localization framework on the THUMOS'15 and MPII Cooking Activities Dataset, both of which show a large performance improvement over previous attempts.
Light Weight MIMO Phased Arrays with Beam Steering Capabilities using RF MEMS (2007)

A conceptual design of a MIMO phased antenna array on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is introduced. Because of the properties of the substrate, the overall design is comparably light weight and semi-flexible to previous MIMO designs. Each input output unit array is capable of steering the beam plusmn6deg in a 1-D space. This beam steer is enabled with the use of a 2-bit reconfigurable phase shifter using RF MEMS. The building blocks of a single input and output has been simulated to prove the concept. In addition, the array can be expanded to beam steer in a 2-D space for each individual unit. Overall, the entire system will be capable of having the beam steering function in multiple directions.
Biochemical Characterization of 25 Distinct Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Epitopes Recognized by 57 Monoclonal Antibodies and Categorized into Seven Groups in Terms of Domain Structure of the CEA Molecule (1992)

The chemical nature of 25 distinct carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) epitopes, which were recognized by 57 different monoclonal antibodies and categorized into 7 groups (Groups A to G) in terms of domain structure of the CEA molecule, was analyzed and the findings obtained were compared with the results of our previous studies using recombinant CEA proteins. All 21 epitopes of Groups A to F defined by 48 MAbs were resistant to periodate oxidation and were to a greater or lesser extent retained after deglycosylation of CEA, indicating that they are all protein in nature. The 21 epitopes were detected in recombinant CEA proteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Seven of the 21 epitopes of protein nature were partially or completely sensitive to reduction and alkylation of CEA and not detected or only slightly revealed in the recombinant CEA proteins expressed in E. coli, indicating that those epitopes are dependent on the tertiary structure of the peptide chain, which is formed by disulfide bonds. All 4 epitopes of Group G defined by 9 MAbs were sensitive to mild periodate oxidation and deglycosylation, but resistant to reduction and alkylation and to digestion with pepsin or pronase, indicating that those 4 epitopes are carbohydrate in nature. Although none of the 4 epitopes of Group G were detected in the recombinant CEA proteins expressed in E. coli, two were detected in those expressed in CHO cells. The biochemical studies reported here thus provide information as to the nature of the epitopes on the CEA molecule and help form the basis for selecting the anti-CEA MAbs for use in biological study and potential clinical applications of CEA.
Monomeric bivalent group 4B metal dialkylamides M[NCMe2(CH2)3CMe2]2(M = Ge or Sn), and the structure of a gaseous disilylamide, Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2, by gas electron diffraction (1979)

Reaction of Li[[graphic omitted]Me2](LiNR2) in n-C5H12 at 20°C with GeCl2·dioxan or SnCl2 affords the corresponding coloured crystalline diamagnetic metal(II) dialkylamide, M(NR2)2, which is monomeric (cryoscopy in C6H12), has a low first ionisation potential (6·90 eV for M = Ge, 6·80 eV for M = Sn), and furnishes the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl radical :NR2 upon photolysis; electron diffraction analysis of gaseous Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 shows only the monomer at ca. 100°C and 10–2 atm, which has C2v symmetry, ∠NSnN = 96·0°, and Sn–N (av.)= 2·09 Å.
Autonomous Valet Parking System Architecture (2015)

Technology is rapidly changing and the automotive world is constantly improving. One of the challenges for automotive industry is to develop the completely autonomous car. Even if proven feasible, the autonomous driving car is still an important research subject due to systems complexity, costs and legislation. The paper describes an experimental car that Renault is actively developing in partnership with research laboratories and outlines its usage in terms of Autonomous Valet Parking (AVP). During development, a common Renault Zoe vehicle was equipped with sensors, electro-mechanical actuators and a system of data processing. The perception system corresponds to a fusion between an ultrasonic system and a camera. It provides the localization of the vehicle, the navigable area around the car and a map of already visited areas. This information is used afterwards as input for the car control system in order to ensure it's integrity during navigation. The Autonomous Valet Parking system is able to take control of the car and to drive it from the drop-off zone to the parking and from the parking to the pick-up zone. In the following it will be described the hardware and the software system architecture and the main principles of algorithms.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1: Regulation of Insulin Secretion and Therapeutic Potential (2004)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally derived insulinotropic hormone currently under investigation for use as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. One of several important effects of GLP-1 is on nutrient-induced pancreatic hormone release and is mediated by binding to a specific G-protein coupled receptor resulting in the activation of adenylate cyclase and an increase in cAMP generation. In the beta-cell, cAMP binds and modulates activities of both protein kinase A and cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor II, thereby enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The stimulatory action of GLP-1 on insulin secretion involves interaction with a plethora of signal transduction processes including ion channel activity, intracellular Ca(2+) handling and exocytosis of the insulin-containing granules. In this review we focus principally on recent advances in our understanding on the cellular mechanisms proposed to underlie GLP-1's insulinotropic effect and attempt to incorporate this knowledge into a working model for the control of insulin secretion. Lastly, this review discusses the applicability of GLP-1 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Cloud-assisted adaptive video streaming and social-aware video prefetching for mobile users (2013)

While the demands of video streaming services over the mobile networks have been souring over these years, the wireless link capacity cannot practically keep up with the growing traffic load. The gap between the traffic demand and the link capacity, along with time-varying link conditions, results in poor service quality of video streaming services over the mobile networks, such as intermittent disruptions and long buffering delays. Leveraging the current cloud computing technology, we propose and discuss a framework to improve the quality of video services for mobile users, which includes two parts: cloud-assisted adaptive video streaming, and social-aware video prefetching. For each active mobile user, a private agent is constructed in the cloud center to adaptively adjust the video quality (bit rate) by the scalable video coding technique based on the feedback of link condition. Meanwhile, the online social network interactions among mobile users are monitored by the cloud-based agents, so that the videos that are shared among users will be effectively prefetched to mobile users in advance. The adaptability of the video streaming and the effectiveness of the social-aware prefetching supported by the cloud computing are evaluated based on a prototype implementation of the framework.
Conformational Dynamics of DNA Polymerase Probed with a Novel Fluorescent DNA Base Analogue (2007)

DNA polymerases discriminate between correct and incorrect nucleotide substrates during a "nonchemical" step that precedes phosphodiester bond formation in the enzymatic cycle of nucleotide incorporation. Despite the importance of this process in polymerase fidelity, the precise nature of the molecular events involved remains unknown. Here we report a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system that monitors conformational changes of a polymerase-DNA complex during selection and binding of nucleotide substrates. This system utilizes the fluorescent base analogue 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenothiazine (tC) as the FRET donor and Alexa-555 (A555) as the acceptor. The tC donor was incorporated within a model DNA primer/template in place of a normal base, adjacent to the primer 3' terminus, while the A555 acceptor was attached to an engineered cysteine residue (C751) located in the fingers subdomain of the Klenow fragment (KF) polymerase. The FRET efficiency increased significantly following binding of a correct nucleotide substrate to the KF-DNA complex, showing that the fingers had closed over the active site. Fluorescence anisotropy titrations utilizing tC as a reporter indicated that the DNA was more tightly bound by the polymerase under these conditions, consistent with the formation of a closed ternary complex. The rate of the nucleotide-induced conformational transition, measured in stopped-flow FRET experiments, closely matched the rate of correct nucleotide incorporation, measured in rapid quench-flow experiments, indicating that the conformational change was the rate-limiting step in the overall cycle of nucleotide incorporation for the labeled KF-DNA system. Taken together, these results indicate that the FRET system can be used to probe enzyme conformational changes that are linked to the biochemical function of DNA polymerase.
A NOVEL CHLORAMINE COMPOUND FOR WATER DISINFECTION<sup>1</sup> (1981)

ABSTRACT A new chloramine agent, 3‐chloio‐4, 4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolidinone, has been tested in a laboratory scale water treatment plant as to its efficacy in water disinfection. The agent seems to be equally effective as compared to chlorine gas in this application. The results of preliminary toxicity studies on the agent are very encouraging. The agent has a long shelf life both in water solution and in the solid state. Being a solid, the agent is clearly less hazardous to handle than chlorine gas. The agent appears to inhibit oxidative corrosion of metals as well. The agent is less likely to produce toxic halocarbons (e.g., chloroform) in water than is chlorine gas. Possibly most important from the standpoint of water disinfection, the agent is a “slow release” one for its positive chlorine, which provides prolonged bactericidal activity.