gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multiplex PCR/LDR Assay for the Simultaneous Identification of Category A Infectious Pathogens: Agents of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever and Variola Virus (2015)

CDC designated category A infectious agents pose a major risk to national security and require special action for public health preparedness. They include viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome as well as variola virus, the agent of smallpox. VHF is characterized by hemorrhage and fever with multi-organ failure leading to high morbidity and mortality. Smallpox, a prior scourge, has been eradicated for decades, making it a particularly serious threat if released nefariously in the essentially non-immune world population. Early detection of the causative agents, and the ability to distinguish them from other pathogens, is essential to contain outbreaks, implement proper control measures, and prevent morbidity and mortality. We have developed a multiplex detection assay that uses several species-specific PCR primers to generate amplicons from multiple pathogens; these are then targeted in a ligase detection reaction (LDR). The resultant fluorescently-labeled ligation products are detected on a universal array enabling simultaneous identification of the pathogens. The assay was evaluated on 32 different isolates associated with VHF (ebolavirus, marburgvirus, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Lassa fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Dengue virus, and Yellow fever virus) as well as variola virus and vaccinia virus (the agent of smallpox and its vaccine strain, respectively). The assay was able to detect all viruses tested, including 8 sequences representative of different variola virus strains from the CDC repository. It does not cross react with other emerging zoonoses such as monkeypox virus or cowpox virus, or six flaviviruses tested (St. Louis encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus).
Atomic Study on Copper–Copper Bonding Using Nanoparticles (2020)

Abstract Thermocompression bonding of copper to copper using copper nanoparticles is studied using molecular dynamics. The bonding interface formation process is investigated frst. For the bonding process, the effects of temperature and external pressure are examined. Also, we examine the grain growth at the interface. The results show that the nanoparticles with high surface energy and low compressive strength provide the active atoms to bond with copper. Pressure determining the degree of deformation of nanoparticles transfers atoms from the interior to the surface of nanoparticles and provide more surface atom to form bonds with bulk copper. While continuous pressure increase does not help bonding, higher temperature will facilitate formation of vacancies by breaking the bonds and driving the metal atoms into these vacancies. In addition, a higher temperature promotes grain growth at the interface. These behaviors indicate that using nanoparticles as a bonding layer in metal bonding can effectively reduce bonding temperature and pressure. It is necessary to select appropriate pressure at initial bonding stage and provide continuous high-temperature hold time.
Old muscle in young body: an aphorism describing the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2018)

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) otherwise known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), is a debilitating syndrome whose identification is very complex due to lack of precise diagnostic criteria. This pathology begins with limitations in duration and intensity of exercise and rapid onset of pain during physical activity. Its etiology is unknown, and symptoms are not limited to the muscles. Epidemiology is rather difficult to delimit, even if it affects mainly young (20-40 years), female subjects. The results of muscular research show some peculiarities that can justify what has been observed in vivo. In particular, 1. presence of oxidative damage of lipid component of biological membranes and DNA not compensated by the increase of the scavenger activity; 2. Excitation-Contraction (E-C) alteration with modification of Ca<sup>2+</sup> transport; 3. passage from slow to fast fiber phenotype; 4. inability to increase glucose uptake; 5. presence of mitochondrial dysfunction; and 6. genes expressed differentially (particularly those involved in energy production). The skeletal muscles of CFS / ME patients show a significant alteration of the oxidative balance due to mitochondrial alteration and of the fiber phenotype composition as shown in sarcopenic muscles of the elderly. Vice versa, the muscle catabolism does not appear to be involved in the onset of this syndrome. The data support the hypothesis that patients with CFS are subjected to some of the problems typical for muscle aging, which is probably related to disorders of muscle protein synthesis and biogenesis of mitochondria. Patients with CFS can benefit from an appropriate training program because no evidence suggests that physical exercise worsens symptoms. Type, intensity and duration of any physical activity that activates muscle contraction (including Electrical Stimulation) require further investigation even if it is known that non-exhaustive physical activity decreases painful symptomatology.
Top-Surface Imaged Resists for 193-nm Lithography (1995)

We have optimized a positive-tone silylation process using polyvinylphenol resist and dimethylsilyldimethylamine as the silylating agent. Imaging quality and process latitude have been evaluated at 193 nm using a 0.5-NA SVGL prototype exposure system. A low-temperature dry etch process was developed that produces vertical resist profiles resulting in large exposure and defocus latitudes, linearity of gratings down to 0.175 μm, and resolution of 0.15-μm gratings and isolated lines.
A designed synthetic strategy toward poly(isosorbide terephthalate) copolymers: a combination of temporary modification, transesterification, cyclization and polycondensation (2015)

After a combination of temporary modification, transesterification, cyclization and polycondensation, a series of high-<italic>M</italic><sub>n</sub> and high-<italic>T</italic><sub>g</sub> poly(isosorbide terephthalate) copolymers were synthesized.
The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial (2003)

Hair count results show a modest and sustained improvement in hair growth with daily use of a 1% pyrithione zinc shampoo over a 26-week treatment period.
Diversity and dynamics of the T-cell response to MBP in DR2<b>+</b>ve individuals (2002)

It is generally accepted that multiple sclerosis (MS) is mediated by autoreactive T cells and that myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the target autoantigens. The T-cell response to MBP has been analysed extensively, largely through the use of T-cell lines (TCL) and T-cell clones (TCC), and to date, three immunodominant regions (13-32, 84-103 and 144-163) have been described. However, given that TCL may represent a skewed pattern of peptide reactivity, we have developed a kinetic response assay in which the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from MS patients and healthy individuals was measured directly against a panel of peptides spanning the full length of human MBP. Furthermore, PBMC from each subject were tested three times over the course of 18 months. A high proportion of MS patients exhibited a significant response to eight MBP regions (1-24, 30-54, 75-99, 90-114, 105-129, 120-144, 135-159 and 150-170). TCC were subsequently generated from MS subjects and were used to further define the epitope recognized in each case. Overall, normal individuals recognized significantly fewer peptides. In addition, we noted that the T-cell recognition of any one peptide can fluctuate, appearing at one time point, regressing, and subsequently reappearing at a later date. This study provides new insight into the recognition profile and dynamics of myelin-antigen-specific T cells in MS.
A Novel Approach for Detail-Enhanced Exposure Fusion Using Guided Filter (2014)

In this paper we propose a novel detail-enhancing exposure fusion approach using nonlinear translation-variant filter (NTF). With the captured Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) images under different exposure settings, first the fine details are extracted based on guided filter. Next, the base layers (i.e., images obtained from NTF) across all input images are fused using multiresolution pyramid. Exposure, contrast, and saturation measures are considered to generate a mask that guides the fusion process of the base layers. Finally, the fused base layer is combined with the extracted fine details to obtain detail-enhanced fused image. The goal is to preserve details in both very dark and extremely bright regions without High Dynamic Range Image (HDRI) representation and tone mapping step. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the proposed method is also suitable for the multifocus image fusion without introducing artifacts.
Permeabilization of<i>Datura innoxia</i>Hairy Roots for Release of Stored Tropane Alkaloids (1995)

The effects of tween 20 as permeabilizing agent on tropane alkaloids from Datura innoxia Mill, hairy roots have been studied. For various tween 20 concentrations both hyoscyamine and scopolamine accumulated in the culture medium. Plant material viability could be preserved after a 24 hours-2% tween 20 concentration treatment. The time-course study of alkaloid release showed that the maximum of excretion occurred after a 20 hour contact with tween 20. At that time, a concentration of hyoscyamine superior to 25 mg/l was detected in the medium.
Consecuencias postoperatorias en la cirugía de terceros molares, con irrigación fría. (2018)

El siguiente trabajo de investigacion esta enfocado a las consecuencias post operatorias de la cirugia de terceros molares, la literatura clasifica a los terceros molares de acuerdo a la posicion de estos con respecto a la rama y el angulo de la mandibula, esta clasificacion desarrollada por los Dres. Pell y Gregory, nos muestran el grado de impactacion de estos ultimos en categorias, estas con varias nomenclaturas A, B, C y asi como en I, II, III. Tomando en cuenta esta nomenclatura, la cirugia requiere de distintas tecnicas quirurgicas, siendo estas la osteotomia (remocion quirurgica de hueso aledano al organo dentario) asi como la odontoseccion, (que consiste en la remocion quirurgica del organo dentario) dentro del post operatorio, los efectos adversos mas comunes son, el edema, el sangrado, la inflamacion, asi como la alveolitis, esto generado por la manipulacion quirurgica de los tejidos.
Novel Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers for Efficient Wire‐Shaped Miniature Energy Devices (2014)

Novel nanostructured composite fibers based on graphene and carbon nanotubes are developed with high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity. As two application demonstrations, these composite fibers are used to fabricate flexible, wire-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochemical supercapacitors, both with high performances, for example, a maximal energy conversion efficiency of 8.50% and a specific capacitance of ca. 31.50 F g(-1). These miniature wire-shaped devices are further shown to be promising for flexible and portable electronic facilities.
Colorless and Transparent high – Temperature-Resistant Polymer Optical Films – Current Status and Potential Applications in Optoelectronic Fabrications (2015)

Recent research and development of colorless and transparent high-temperatureresistant polymer optical films (CHTPFs) have been reviewed. CHTPF films possess the merits of both common polymer optical film and aromatic high-temperatureresistant polymer films and thus have been widely investigated as components for microelectronic and optoelectronic fabrications. The current paper reviews the latest research and development for CHTPF films, including their synthesis chemistry, manufacturing process, and engineering applications. Especially, this review focuses on the applications of CHTPF films as flexible substrates for optoelectrical devices, such as flexible active matrix organic light-emitting display devices (AMOLEDs), flexible printing circuit boards (FPCBs), and flexible solar cells.
A Self Validation Network for Object-Level Human Attention Estimation (2019)

Due to the foveated nature of the human vision system, people can focus their visual attention on a small region of their visual field at a time, which usually contains only a single object. Estimating this object of attention in first-person (egocentric) videos is useful for many human-centered real-world applications such as augmented reality applications and driver assistance systems. A straightforward solution for this problem is to pick the object whose bounding box is hit by the gaze, where eye gaze point estimation is obtained from a traditional eye gaze estimator and object candidates are generated from an off-the-shelf object detector. However, such an approach can fail because it addresses the where and the what problems separately, despite that they are highly related, chicken-and-egg problems. In this paper, we propose a novel unified model that incorporates both spatial and temporal evidence in identifying as well as locating the attended object in firstperson videos. It introduces a novel Self Validation Module that enforces and leverages consistency of the where and the what concepts. We evaluate on two public datasets, demonstrating that Self Validation Module significantly benefits both training and testing and that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Understanding Li-based battery materials via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (2021)

Lithium-based batteries are a class of electrochemical energy storage devices where the potentiality of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for understanding the battery charge storage mechanisms is still to be fully exploited. Generally considered as an ancillary technique, the application of EIS should be promoted focusing on improved experimental design of experiments and advanced data analysis using physics-based models. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a key technique for understanding Li-based battery processes. Here, the authors discuss the current state of the art, advantages and challenges of this technique, also giving an outlook for future developments.
Single-particle coherent diffractive imaging with a soft x-ray free electron laser: towards soot aerosol morphology (2010)

The first of its kind, the Free electron LASer facility in Hamburg, FLASH, produces soft x-ray pulses with unprecedented properties (10 fs, 6.8–47 nm, 1012 photons per pulse, 20 µm diameter). One of the seminal FLASH experiments is single-pulse coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI). CXDI utilizes the ultrafast and ultrabright pulses to overcome resolution limitations in x-ray microscopy imposed by x-ray-induced damage to the sample by 'diffracting before destroying' the sample on sub-picosecond timescales. For many lensless imaging algorithms used for CXDI it is convenient when the data satisfy an oversampling constraint that requires the sample to be an isolated object, i.e. an individual 'free-standing' portion of disordered matter delivered to the centre of the x-ray focus. By definition, this type of matter is an aerosol. This paper will describe the role of aerosol science methodologies used for the validation of the 'diffract before destroy' hypothesis and the execution of the first single-particle CXDI experiments being developed for biological imaging. FLASH CXDI now enables the highest resolution imaging of single micron-sized or smaller airborne particulate matter to date while preserving the native substrate-free state of the aerosol. Electron microscopy offers higher resolution for single-particle analysis but the aerosol must be captured on a substrate, potentially modifying the particle morphology. Thus, FLASH is poised to contribute significant advancements in our knowledge of aerosol morphology and dynamics. As an example, we simulate CXDI of combustion particle (soot) morphology and introduce the concept of extracting radius of gyration of fractal aggregates from single-pulse x-ray diffraction data. Future upgrades to FLASH will enable higher spatially and temporally resolved single-particle aerosol dynamics studies, filling a critical technological need in aerosol science and nanotechnology. Many of the methodologies described for FLASH will directly translate to use at hard x-ray free electron lasers.
Switched parasitic dielectric resonator antenna array using capacitor loading for 5G Applications (2016)

This paper presents a brief account of the findings on a switched parasitic dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array excited in a higher-order mode. The scanning phase can be changed by using switching technique and capacitor loading at the parasitic element. The driven DR and parasitic DRs have a dielectric constant of 10 and were fed by a microstrip slot aperture. The impact of mutual coupling on the reflection coefficient was examined through a numerical calculation which combines both ANSYS HFSS and MATLAB. This phased array was shown to be able to steer the antenna beam from -26 degrees to +26 degrees at 15 GHz, which is considered suitable for 5G applications. The impedance matching was maintained at all beam steering angles and a bandwidth of 2.6 GHz has been achieved.
DIAM-IoT: A Decentralized Identity and Access Management Framework for Internet of Things (2020)

With the exorbitant growth in the number of connected devices, the lack of proper identity and access management (IAM) mechanisms has become a major concern. The traditional IAM systems, which focus solely on managing people's digital identities, fail to accommodate billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The emerging concepts such as decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and verifiable credentials (VCs) provide new perspectives on incorporating IAM capabilities into IoT ecosystems. In this paper, we present a decentralized IAM framework for IoT named DIAM-IoT, which is able to create a unified, interoperable, and tamper-proof device identity registry on top of the blockchain by introducing DIDs and VCs into the lifecycle of IoT devices, thereby breaking IoT application silos and unlocking the potential of IoT on a global scale. A proof-of-concept implementation of the DIAM-IoT framework for decentralized and user-centric data authorization demonstrates its feasibility and effectiveness in practice.
Hole transport in UTB MOSFETs in strained-Si directly on insulator with strained-Si thickness less than 5 nm (2005)

Hole transport is studied in ultrathin body (UTB) MOSFETs in strained-Si directly on insulator (SSDOI) with a Si thickness down to 1.4 nm. In these Ge-free SSDOI substrates, the Si is strained in biaxial tension with strain levels equivalent to strained-Si on relaxed SiGe, with Ge contents of 30 and 40% Ge. The hole mobility in SSDOI decreases slowly for Si thicknesses above 4 nm, but drops rapidly below that thickness. Relative to silicon-on-insulator control devices of equal thickness, SSDOI displays significant hole mobility enhancement for Si film thicknesses above 3.5 nm. Peak hole mobility is improved by 25% for 40% SSDOI relative to 30% SSDOI fabricated by the same method, demonstrating the benefits of strain engineering for 3.1-nm-thick UTB MOSFETs.
Coexpression of mu and gamma 1 heavy chains can occur by a discontinuous transcription mechanism from the same unrearranged chromosome. (1992)

We previously documented that a single BCL1 leukemia cell can produce mu and gamma 1 immunoglobulin heavy chains with identical variable segments in an allelically excluded fashion without heavy chain constant region gene rearrangement. To understand the mechanism of dual mu/gamma 1 synthesis in BCL1 subclones, we have analyzed mature and pre-RNA at the nascent and steady-state levels. We find mu and gamma 1 sequences linked in pre-RNA. However, the primary mu and gamma 1 transcription units are about the same length (approximately 15 kilobases). Initiation of gamma 1 pre-RNA occurs upstream of C gamma 1 at sites identical to those seen in lipopolysaccharide/interleukin-4-induced normal B cells. We propose that dual mu/gamma 1 RNA synthesis occurs by a discontinuous transcription mechanism involving either trans-splicing or ligation of mu pre-RNA initiated 5' of the variable-diversity-joining region to gamma 1 pre-RNA initiated 5' of C gamma 1.
Synthesis of Novel Acyclonucleosides Analogs of Pyridothienopyrimidine as Antiviral Agents (2005)

Nucleoside analogs of pyridothienopyramidines were prepared by condensing the sodium salt 2a,b with an acyclic side chain in the form of acetylated haloalkoxyalcohol, and subsequent removal of the protecting acetyl group in ammonia/methanol afforded 4a,b. The O-tosyl derivative of 4a could then be modified to azido- and amino derivatives. Reaction of the sodium salt of 2b with halo-ether, benzyl halo-ether and/or halo-thioether gave N- and S-alkylated products, 8 and 9, respectively. Coupling of 10 with the sodium salt of 2a,b gave the corresponding dioxolane derivatives 11, 13, and 14, which were treated with 80% acetic acid at room temperature to give diols 12, 15, and 16. Treatment of 16 with tosyl chloride afforded the ditosylate 17 and this could then be modified to diazido and diamino derivatives. Some of the products were screened for their biological activity.
Visual classification of coarse vehicle orientation using Histogram of Oriented Gradients features (2010)

For an autonomous vehicle, detecting and tracking other vehicles is a critical task. Determining the orientation of a detected vehicle is necessary for assessing whether the vehicle is a potential hazard. If a detected vehicle is moving, the orientation can be inferred from its trajectory, but if the vehicle is stationary, the orientation must be determined directly. In this paper, we focus on vision-based algorithms for determining vehicle orientation of vehicles in images. We train a set of Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) classifiers to recognize different orientations of vehicles detected in imagery. We find that these orientation-specific classifiers perform well, achieving a 88% classification accuracy on a test database of 284 images. We also investigate how combinations of orientation-specific classifiers can be employed to distinguish subsets of orientations, such as driver's side versus passenger's side views. Finally, we compare a vehicle detector formed from orientation-specific classifiers to an orientation-independent classifier and find that, counter-intuitively, the orientation-independent classifier outperforms the set of orientation-specific classifiers.
Marcus Welby and the medical home. (2008)

Marcus Welby was a great, if fictional, physician because he embodied how people want to be treated and how people want their families to be treated in times of illness. Family physicians need to be able to demonstrate that they are the Dr. Welby people long for.
Option Valuation Applied to Implementing Demand Response via Critical Peak Pricing (2007)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic and technical perspectives of critical peak pricing plan as an active demand response(DR) program. To implement a good DR program, there are three perspectives to be considered: regulatory, economic, and technical perspectives. This paper will assume that the regulatory perspective of DR is determined as critical peak pricing(CPP) plan and examine the other two. The economic perspective of CPP plan is the incentive of the plan conductor, or the profit of an energy service provider(ESP). The technical perspective is a method to maximize the incentive of CPP plan, or an ESP's profit. An ESP should decide when to call critical peaks within certain constraints to maximize her profit. This is done by predicting the market prices and following a similar method as evaluating a swing option. The numerical example will show the optimal critical peak decisions.