gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The physics of small-amplitude oscillation of the vocal folds (1988)

A theory of vocal fold oscillation is developed on the basis of the body-cover hypothesis. The cover is represented by a distributed surface layer that can propagate a mucosal surface wave. Linearization of the surface-wave displacement and velocity, and further small-amplitude approximations, yields closed-form expressions for conditions of oscillation. The theory predicts that the lung pressure required to sustain oscillation, i.e., the oscillation threshold pressure, is reduced by reducing the mucosal wave velocity, by bringing the vocal folds closer together and by reducing the convergence angle in the glottis. The effect of vocal tract acoustic loading is included. It is shown that vocal tract inertance reduces the oscillation threshold pressure, whereas vocal tract resistance increases it. The treatment, which is applicable to falsetto and breathy voice, as well as onset or release of phonation in the absence of vocal fold collision, is harmonized with former treatments based on two-mass models and collapsible tubes.
Phase 2 Trial of the DPP-1 Inhibitor Brensocatib in Bronchiectasis (2020)

In this 24-week trial, reduction of neutrophil serine protease activity with brensocatib in patients with bronchiectasis was associated with improvements in bronchiectasis clinical outcomes. (Funded by Insmed; WILLOW ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03218917.).
Reading canonical and modified nucleotides in 16S ribosomal RNA using nanopore direct RNA sequencing (2017)

The ribosome small subunit is expressed in all living cells. It performs numerous essential functions during translation, including formation of the initiation complex and proofreading of base-pairs between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons. The core constituent of the small ribosomal subunit is a ∼1.5 kb RNA strand in prokaryotes (16S rRNA) and a homologous ∼1.8 kb RNA strand in eukaryotes (18S rRNA). Traditional sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) of rRNA genes or rRNA cDNA copies has achieved wide use as a ‘molecular chronometer’ for phylogenetic studies 1 , and as a tool for identifying infectious organisms in the clinic 2 . However, epigenetic modifications on rRNA are erased by SBS methods. Here we describe direct MinION nanopore sequencing of individual, full-length 16S rRNA absent reverse transcription or amplification. As little as 5 picograms (∼10 attomole) of E. coli 16S rRNA was detected in 4.5 micrograms of total human RNA. Nanopore ionic current traces that deviated from canonical patterns revealed conserved 16S rRNA base modifications, and a 7-methylguanosine modification that confers aminoglycoside resistance to some pathological E. coli strains. This direct RNA sequencing technology has promise for rapid identification of microbes in the environment and in patient samples.
Development of Vibration Reduction Motor Control for Series-Parallel Hybrid System (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In hybrid electric vehicles, engine starting and stopping occur frequently to provide better fuel economy. Specifically, the structure of the series-parallel hybrid system transmits engine torque pulsations to the driving wheels during engine starting and stopping, which may degrade the quality of the ride. In addition, the quick response of the electric motor can easily cause drivetrain vibration.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a motor control system for a series-parallel hybrid vehicle designed to reduce these vibrations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The proposed motor control system consists of two parts; one controller functions to compensate the engine torque pulsation during engine starts, and the other controller functions to control torsional vibration of the propeller shaft and drive shaft generated by rapid increases or decreases in driving torque.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The proposed vibration reduction motor control method was added to the motor controller on the first rear wheel drive hybrid vehicle (Lexus GS450h). Experimental results revealed that the new control method effectively reduces the vibrations of the vehicle.</div>
Direct Fabrication of Micro/Nano-Patterned Surfaces by Vertical-Directional Photofluidization of Azobenzene Materials (2017)

Anisotropic movement of azobenzene materials (i.e., azobenzene molecules incorporated in polymer, glass, or supramolecules) has provided significant opportunities for the fabrication of micro/nanoarchitectures. The examples include circular holes, line gaps, ellipsoidal holes, and nanofunnels. However, all of the previous studies have only focused on the lateral directional movement for the structural shaping of azobenzene materials. Herein, we propose structural shaping based on a vertical directional movement of azobenzene materials. To do this, light with oblique incidence, containing normal direction light polarization, was illuminated onto azobenzene materials film contact with patterned elastomeric molds (i.e., PDMS) so that the resulting vertical directional movement of azobenzene materials fills in the cavities of the molds and results in pattern formation. As a result, a range of patterns with sizes of features from micro- to sub-100 nm scale was successfully fabricated in a large area (few cm<sup>2</sup>), and the structural height was deterministically controlled by simply adjusting irradiation time. In addition to the notable capability of fabricating the single-scale structures, the technique provides a facile way to fabricate complex hierarchical multiscale structures, ensuring its versatility and wide applicability to various applications. As a selected exemplary application of the multiscale structures, a superhydrophobic surface has been successfully demonstrated.
Cloning and characterization of a new member of the G-protein coupled receptor EDG family. (1995)

We report here the cloning of a new member of the endothelium differentiation gene (edg) subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. This novel cDNA sequence was cloned from the ovine pars tuberalis using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification with degenerate primers homologous to the highly conserved II and VII transmembrane domains of the G-protein coupled receptor gene family. The PCR product was random primed with 32P and used as a probe to screen a size-selected cDNA ovine pars tuberalis library, which resulted in the isolation of a single clone of 2700 bp. This novel sequence was named edg-2, because its nucleic acid sequence was 55% homologous over 501nt overlap to an orphan sequence cloned from human endothelial cells, the endothelial differentiation gene, edg-1. The highest degree of aminoacid homology (42%) occurs in the seven putative transmembrane domains, particularly between the transmembrane domains III and VI (53% and 64%, respectively). The intervening hydrophilic domains are short and there are numerous putative phosphorylation sites for Ser/Thr-protein kinases in the second and third intracellular loop and in the COOH-terminal domain. Through Northern analysis of total RNA, low levels of at least four transcripts of 2.3, 2.5, 3.2 and 4 kb were found in sheep cerebral cortex and a 4.2 kb transcript was observed in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. In addition, edg-2 transcripts (415 bp) were amplified by RT-PCR from pars tuberalis, cerebral blood vessels, hypothalamus, and retina. Serum stimulation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the edg-2 receptor resulted in increased cell proliferation, as measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Edg-1 and edg-2 appear to be distinct genes that may encode protein products that bind the same or related ligand.
Abnormality at the Interface of p-Type InP Grown by LPE (1981)

Current-voltage characteristics of various types of InP homo-junctions grown by LPE were studied. Abnormal characteristics of p-type InP interface were found in comparison to n-type InP interface and they were found to be due to the presence of abnormal high resistivity region near the surface of p-type InP. The existence of this high resistivity region seems to be essentially related to the properties of p-type InP surface and LPE growth process.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed CH Activation of Indoles (2015)

Abstract The last decades have seen a tremendous expanse in the application of CH activation of many different substrate classes, including the invaluable indole scaffold. Following the exciting emergence of CH activation as a multi‐faceted platform for functionalization, a versatile tool box has been developed for the preparation of structurally diverse indoles. This review article discusses recent advances and strategies for transition metal‐catalyzed CH activation of indoles. magnified image
Purine metabolism gene deregulation in <scp>P</scp>arkinson's disease (2015)

Gene down-regulation in the substantia nigra may be interpreted as a consequence of dopaminergic cell death as ENTPD3, NME1, NME7, AK1 and PNP1 are mainly expressed in neurons. Yet ENTPD1 and NT5E, also down-regulated in the substantia nigra, are expressed in astrocytes, probably pericytes and microglia, respectively. In contrast, gene up-regulation in the frontal cortex area 8 at advanced stages of the disease suggests a primary manifestation or a compensation of altered purine metabolism in this region.
Antiviral Potential of Spondias mombin L. Leaves Extract Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Replication Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches (2020)

<i>Spondias mobin</i> leaves have been traditionally used for treating cold sores. The study investigated the mechanism of antiherpes action of <i>S. mombin</i> extract, fractions, and geraniin. Different concentrations of samples were used to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> antiherpes activity (anti-HSV-1) in virucidal, post-infection, attachment, and penetration assays. The mechanism of action of geraniin was investigated considering the glycoproteins gB and gD of HSV-1 surface as potential molecular targets. Molecular docking simulations were carried out for both in order to determine the possible binding mode position of geraniin at the activity sites. The binding mode position was posteriorly optimized considering the flexibility of the glycoproteins. The chemical analysis of samples was performed by LC-MS and revealed the presence of 22 substances, which are hydrolysable tannins, <i>O</i>-glycosylated flavonoids, phenolic acids, and a carbohydrate. The extract, tannin-rich fraction and geraniin showed important <i>in vitro</i> virucidal activity through blocking viral attachment but showed no relevant inhibition of viral penetration. The <i>in silico</i> approaches demonstrated a high number of potential strong intermolecular interactions as hydrogen bonds between geraniin and the activity site of the glycoproteins, particularly the glycoprotein gB. <i>In silico</i> experiments indicated that geraniin is at least partially responsible for the anti-herpes activity through interaction with the viral surface glycoprotein gB, which is responsible for viral adsorption. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of <i>S. mombin</i> anti-herpes treatment and provides support for its traditional purposes. However, further studies are required to validate the antiviral activities <i>in vivo</i>, as well as efficacy in humans.
A Chromium Hydroxide/MIL‐101(Cr) MOF Composite Catalyst and Its Use for the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose (2018)

A metal-organic framework (MOF)-based catalyst, chromium hydroxide/MIL-101(Cr), was prepared by a one-pot synthesis method. The combination of chromium hydroxide particles on and within Lewis acidic MIL-101 accomplishes highly selective conversion of glucose to fructose in the presence of ethanol, matching the performance of optimized Sn-containing Lewis acidic zeolites. Differently from zeolites, NMR spectroscopy studies with isotopically labeled molecules demonstrate that isomerization of glucose to fructose on this catalyst, proceeds predominantly via a proton transfer mechanism.
Mode Conversion/Splitting by Optical Analogy of Multistate Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage in Multimode Waveguides (2010)

We propose and describe mode converter/splitter based on optical analogy of multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in multimode waveguides. Computer-generated planar holograms are used to implement the coupling coefficients that mimic the optical pulses used in the transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules. The mode coupling properties in multimode waveguides are analyzed using the coupled-mode theory and shown to resemble the multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process. Key features of multistate systems are illustrated with theoretical calculations and numerical examples. Mode converter and splitter are designed based on the theoretical analysis and verified using beam propagation simulations.
Guidelines for adopting frontend architectures and patterns in microservices-based systems (2017)

Microservice-based systems enable the independent development, deployment, and scalability for separate system components of enterprise applications. A significant aspect during development is the microservice integration in frontends of web, mobile, and desktop applications. One challenge here is the selection of an adequate frontend architecture as well as suitable patterns that satisfy the application requirements. This paper analyses available strategies for organizing and implementing microservices frontends. These approaches are then evaluated based on a quality model and various prototypes of the same application implemented using the distinct approaches. The results of this analysis are generalized to a guideline that supports the selection of a suitable architecture.
A 233MHz, 80-87% efficient, integrated, 4-phase DC-DC converter in 90nm CMOS (2004)

We demonstrate an integrated buck DC-DC converter implemented in a 90nm CMOS technology for multi-Vcc microprocessors. High switching frequency (100-317MHz), 4-phase topology, and fast hysteretic control reduce inductor and capacitor sizes by 1000x, thereby enabling off-chip inductors with no magnetic core and an on-chip decoupling capacitor. The converter achieves 80-87.7% efficiency and 10% peak-to-peak output noise.
A new method of generating command pulses for numerical controller &#x2014;with velocity and acceleration bounds adapting to servomotor system (2009)

This paper proposes a new algorithm of generating command pulses for numerical controller. Different from the presently used NC pulse generating method, pulse train with automatically changed frequency following reference displacement commands can be generated using the proposed algorithm, and the generated command pulses can be modified in real time according to the reference signal. Moreover, by adopting the proposed algorithm, the generated velocity and acceleration can be also controlled under the bounds of the motor system. Structure and parameters of the numerical controller which adopts the proposed algorithm are described in this paper, and method of adjusting the controller parameters to adapt to the servo system's torque-frequency characteristic is also introduced. At last, effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and methods for velocity and acceleration control are demonstrated by simulations.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimalarial Properties of Novel 4‐Aminoquinoline Hybrid Compounds (2014)

Pharmacophore hybridization has recently been employed in the search for antimalarial lead compounds. This approach chemically links two pharmacophores, each with their own antimalarial activity and ideally with different modes of action, into a single hybrid molecule with the goal to improve therapeutic properties. In this paper, we report the synthesis of novel 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline/primary sulfonamide hybrid compounds. The chlorinated 4-aminoquinoline scaffold is the core structure of chloroquine, an established antimalarial drug, while the primary sulfonamide functional group has a proven track record of efficacy and safety in many clinically used drugs and was recently shown to exhibit some antimalarial activity. The activity of the hybrid compounds was determined against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains. While the hybrid compounds had lower antimalarial activity when compared to chloroquine, they demonstrated a number of interesting structure-activity relationship (SAR) trends including the potential to overcome the resistance profile of chloroquine.
Effect of increased compartment pressure on the microcirculation of skeletal muscle (1998)

To determine the changes in capillary perfusion, which occur with elevated tissue pressure, and to highlight the relationship between systemic blood pressure and compartment pressure, we designed an experiment that allowed direct observation of the microcirculation of skeletal muscle under normal and increased compartment pressures. In each of 10 anesthetized rats, the cremaster muscle was exposed and suspended in a transparent pressure chamber. In vivo videomicroscopy was then performed and blood pressure was monitored via left carotid artery cannulation. Two sets of data for each animal were obtained: deltaP (mean arterial pressure compartment pressure) at which the muscle capillary blood flow was completely arrested, and the number of capillaries per 10,000 square micrometers of skeletal muscle with blood flowing at compartment pressures of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mm Hg. Capillary blood flow stopped at a deltaP of 25.5 mm Hg +/- 14.3 SD. We found that capillary blood flow, as measured by the number of capillaries with blood flow per 10,000 square micrometers, decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as compartment pressure reached 15, 30, 45, and 60 mm Hg, when compared to 0 mm Hg; there was no vessel collapse at these pressures. These data show that increasing compartment pressure reduces the number of perfused capillaries per unit area, and that there is complete cessation of muscle capillary blood flow when the compartment pressure is within about 25 mm Hg of the mean arterial pressure.
A compositional based model for the tear film lipid layer. (1997)

The tear film lipid layer is composed of 2 phases: (1) a thin polar phase adjacent to the aqueous-mucin phase and (2) a thick nonpolar phase associated with both the polar phase and the air interface. The structural characteristics of the polar phase and the barrier functions of the nonpolar phase are a direct result of specific compositional parameters.
Structures and characterization of digoxin- and bufalin-bound Na <sup>+</sup> ,K <sup>+</sup> -ATPase compared with the ouabain-bound complex (2015)

Cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) are specific and potent inhibitors of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, with highest affinity to the phosphoenzyme (E2P) forms. CTSs are comprised of a steroid core, which can be glycosylated, and a varying number of substituents, including a five- or six-membered lactone. These functionalities have specific influence on the binding properties. We report crystal structures of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in the E2P form in complex with bufalin (a nonglycosylated CTS with a six-membered lactone) and digoxin (a trisaccharide-conjugated CTS with a five-membered lactone) and compare their characteristics and binding kinetics with the previously described E2P-ouabain complex to derive specific details and the general mechanism of CTS binding and inhibition. CTSs block the extracellular cation exchange pathway, and cation-binding sites I and II are differently occupied: A single Mg(2+) is bound in site II of the digoxin and ouabain complexes, whereas both sites are occupied by K(+) in the E2P-bufalin complex. In all complexes, αM4 adopts a wound form, characteristic for the E2P state and favorable for high-affinity CTS binding. We conclude that the occupants of the cation-binding site and the type of the lactone substituent determine the arrangement of αM4 and hypothesize that winding/unwinding of αM4 represents a trigger for high-affinity CTS binding. We find that the level of glycosylation affects the depth of CTS binding and that the steroid core substituents fine tune the configuration of transmembrane helices αM1-2.
Simulation for power integrity to design a PCB for an optimum cost (2010)

One of the biggest design challenges today is to properly design, manufacture, simulate and validate a Power Distribution Network (PDN) in systems with increasing speed, power dissipation and density. PDN are typically comprised of capacitors networks that have several types of capacitors and values to obtain target impedance over the required frequency range for the power/ground planes on PCBs. Capacitors provide a temporary source of localized energy for instantaneous current demands from an IC, and a low-impedance return path for high frequency noise. This paper propose a simulation test for a 4 layer PCB, with power/ground planes, to evaluate the effectiveness and importance of decoupling capacitors, using tools and methodologies to determine the important factors like performance, cost and board area.
Amplified and in Situ Detection of Redox-Active Metabolite Using a Biobased Redox Capacitor (2013)

Redox cycling provides a mechanism to amplify electrochemical signals for analyte detection. Previous studies have shown that diverse mediators/shuttles can engage in redox-cycling reactions with a biobased redox capacitor that is fabricated by grafting redox-active catechols onto a chitosan film. Here, we report that redox cycling with this catechol-chitosan redox capacitor can amplify electrochemical signals for detecting a redox-active bacterial metabolite. Specifically, we studied the redox-active bacterial metabolite pyocyanin that is reported to be a virulence factor and signaling molecule for the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that redox cycling can amplify outputs from various electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, and differential pulse voltammetry) and can lower the detection limit of pyocyanin to 50 nM. Further, the compatibility of this biobased redox capacitor allows the in situ monitoring of the production of redox-active metabolites (e.g., pyocyanin) during the course of P. aeruginosa cultivation. We anticipate that the amplified output of redox-active virulence factors should permit an earlier detection of life-threatening infections by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa while the "bio-compatibility" of this measurement approach should facilitate in situ study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial redox signaling.
Objects as Points (2019)

Detection identifies objects as axis-aligned boxes in an image. Most successful object detectors enumerate a nearly exhaustive list of potential object locations and classify each. This is wasteful, inefficient, and requires additional post-processing. In this paper, we take a different approach. We model an object as a single point --- the center point of its bounding box. Our detector uses keypoint estimation to find center points and regresses to all other object properties, such as size, 3D location, orientation, and even pose. Our center point based approach, CenterNet, is end-to-end differentiable, simpler, faster, and more accurate than corresponding bounding box based detectors. CenterNet achieves the best speed-accuracy trade-off on the MS COCO dataset, with 28.1% AP at 142 FPS, 37.4% AP at 52 FPS, and 45.1% AP with multi-scale testing at 1.4 FPS. We use the same approach to estimate 3D bounding box in the KITTI benchmark and human pose on the COCO keypoint dataset. Our method performs competitively with sophisticated multi-stage methods and runs in real-time.