gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-track profile derivative method for track width measurements of magnetic recording head (2005)

For many years, micro-track profile has been used to measure magnetic read width (MRW) of MR sensor and it has been considered the standard method. As track pitch continues to decrease, it has become increasingly difficult to obtain a consistent narrow micro-track required by the accuracy of the micro-track profile method. A new method was discussed recently for measuring MRW with a wide written track to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties in the micro-track profile method. Since it required a wide writer to create the full-track profile, this approach can't be used conveniently. To remove that limitation, we introduce a new full track characterization algorithm. With this new algorithm, we can calculate magnetic write width (MWW) with side-reading correction as well as MRW from derivative of a full-track profile without requiring a very wide written track created by another head. This gives a practical mean in magnetic write and read width measurement for head characterization.
Preparation and electrical properties of high quality PZT thin films on RuO<sub>x</sub> electrode (1995)

Abstract It has been known that ferroelectric PZT thin films on RuOx electrode exhibit relatively high leakage current level, while they show an outstanding fatigue property. When the PZT thin film is fabricated by sol-gel process over the RuOx layer, the rosette structures are generally included on the surface of PZT film, which indicates that RuOx layer does not offer an favorable environment for the nucleation of perovskite phase. A novel process completely eliminating the rosette structures on the surface of PZT film was accomplished in this work, with depositing thin seed PZT layer at the PZT/RuOx interface by rapid thermal process (RTP). It was found that the obtained PZT films present very low leakage current level compared to the ordinary PZT/RuOx films with rosette structures. The main route of current leakage in PZT capacitor was also discussed.
Synthesis and Structure Determination of Kahalalide F<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> (2001)

Kahalalide F, the only member of the family of peptides called kahalalides, isolated from the sacoglossan mollusc Elysia rufescens and the green alga Bryopsis sp., with important bioactivity, is in clinical trials for treatment of prostate cancer. An efficient solid-phase synthetic approach is reported. Kahalalide F presents several synthetic difficulties: (i) an ester bond between two beta-branched and sterically hindered amino acids; (ii) a didehydroamino acid; and (iii) a rather hydrophobic sequence with two fragments containing several beta-branched amino acids in a row, one of them terminated with a saturated aliphatic acid. The cornerstones of our strategy were (i) a quasiorthogonal protecting system with allyl, tert-butyl, fluorenyl, and trityl-based groups, (ii) azabenzotriazole coupling reagents, (iii) formation of the didehydroamino acid residue on the solid phase, and (iv) cyclization and final purification in solution. HPLC, high-field NMR, and biological activity studies showed that the correct stereochemistry of the natural product is that proposed by Rinehart et al. whereas the stereochemistry proposed by Scheuer et al. is that of a biologically less active diastereoisomer.
An aqueous solution-based doping strategy for large-scale synthesis of Sb-doped ZnO nanowires (2011)

An aqueous solution-based doping strategy was developed for controlled doping impurity atoms into a ZnO nanowire (NW) lattice. Through this approach, antimony-doped ZnO NWs were successfully synthesized in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine with antimony acetate as the dopant source. By introducing glycolate ions into the solution, a soluble antimony precursor (antimony glycolate) was formed and a good NW morphology with a controlled antimony doping concentration was successfully achieved. A doping concentration study suggested an antimony glycolate absorption doping mechanism. By fabricating and characterizing NW-based field effect transistors (FETs), stable p-type conductivity was observed. A field effect mobility of 1.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and a carrier concentration of 6 × 10(17) cm(-3) were achieved. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) characterization on doped and undoped ZnO NWs further illustrated the shift of the metal-semiconductor barrier due to Sb doping. This work provided an effective large-scale synthesis strategy for doping ZnO NWs in aqueous solution.
Design Developments of a Non-Planar Deployable Structure (2010)

This paper presents a concept for a deployable structure to position and support elastic thin shell reflector segments. The structure consists of the rigid structural members and compliant hinges. The compliant hinges allow the structure to deploy into non-planar configurations without binding. Fabricated prototypes met the fundamental requirements for the scope of this work by demonstrating their ability to fold or stow without failure and to be in a stress free state in the deployed configuration. The structure assembly procedure is critical to meeting system-level surface error requirements. The selected method utilizes positioning hexapods to precisely place and hold the compliant hinges during assembly. Once all hinges are in place and verified by a metrology system, the struts are then bonded in place. This methodology guarantees the full support structure is stress free in the deployed state. The accuracy of the assembly process was characterized using a photogrammetry metrology system.
An improved synthesis of 5-amino-3-nitro-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA), a useful intermediate for the preparation of insensitive high explosives (1991)

Abstract Treatment of the ammonium salt of 3,5-dinitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (ADNT) with hydrazine hydrate gives 5-amino-3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA) in greater than 90% yields. In addition to its potential use as an insensitive high explosive, ANTA has been shown to be a useful intermediate for the preparation of other explosives.
Abstract 3106: Accurate estimation of circulating tumor DNA fraction from ultra low-pass whole-genome sequencing (2020)

Abstract Early detection of recurrence is critical to improve the survival of cancer patients. Blood-based “liquid biopsies” provide a minimally invasive method to detect variants, and ultra low-pass whole-genome sequencing (LPWGS) can accurately and sensitively detect low fractions of circulating tumor DNA in blood plasma. We previously conducted LPWGS on approximately 400 samples (primarily from lung, breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers) residual to samples previously analyzed with our xF liquid biopsy assay. In this analysis, we demonstrate that circulating tumor fraction estimates from LPWGS correlate with the maximum detectable pathogenic variant allele fraction, and where there are discrepancies the LPWGS estimates are more reasonable. We also show differences in tumor fractions and ploidy between cancer cohorts and stages. Our results suggest LPWGS provides an accurate measure of the fraction of circulating DNA derived from tumors across cancer cohorts and stages. Citation Format: Justin Finkle, Christine Lo, Hala Boulos, Terri Driessen, Wei Zhu, Robert Tell. Accurate estimation of circulating tumor DNA fraction from ultra low-pass whole-genome sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3106.
In-line single-mode wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer (1984)

A single-mode fibre optic wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer at 1.32 μm and 1.55 μm, constructed from a fused evanescent wave coupler, is described. This device has an insertion loss of less than 0.05 dB and a wavelength isolation of 16 dB at 1.32 μm and 18 dB at 1.55 μm.
Fabrication and characterization of electrokinetic micro pumps (2002)

Electrokinetic (EK) micropumps have been fabricated and demonstrated in which electroosmotic flow is used to transport fluids. Deionized water and pure acetonitrile have been used as working fluids to achieve low current density pumping conditions. These EK pumps have no moving parts and can generate maximum pressures of more than 20 atm at 2 kV applied voltage. Minimizing and controlling electrolytic gas generation is a major concern. Gas generated at the downstream electrode surfaces appears to be forced to dissolve into surrounding fluid at high pressure (>7 atm) condition, and this permits a stable pump operation. Measurements of flow rate have been used to estimate pump structure parameters.
H-Oil Desulfurization of Heavy Fuels (1974)

Desulfurization of residual oils is of increasing importance because of the growing market for low sulfur fuels and the large share of the fuels market now being supplied by heavy oils. The following basic characteristics should be considered in the fuels-processing facility: the ability to process fuel oil at low unit cost, the ability to handle a range of residual fuels as feedstock, the capability of meeting changing fuel oil specification requirements, and the possibility of converting to an economical alternative process if there is a decreased demand for low sulfur fuel oils. The H-Oil process has the flexibility required to accomplish extremely low sulfur fuel oils even from difficult-to-process residues. Desulfurization is represented by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The problems of low level sulfur content and catalyst aging can be successfully handled by the H-Oil process by using a multi-stage reactor approach with back-staging of the catalyst on a daily addition basis.
Modified three‐dimensional seismic assessment method for buildings based on ambient vibration tests: extrapolation to higher shaking levels and measuring the dynamic amplification portion of natural torsion (2016)

Summary This paper presents applications of the modified 3D‐SAM approach, a three‐dimensional seismic assessment methodology for buildings directly based on in situ experimental modal tests to calculate global seismic demands and the dynamic amplification portion of natural torsion. Considering that the building modal properties change from weak to strong motion levels, appropriate modification factors are proposed to extend the application of the method to stronger earthquakes. The proposed approach is consistent with the performance‐based seismic assessment approach, which entails the prediction of seismic displacements and drift ratios that are related to the damage condition and therefore the functionality of the building. The modified 3D‐SAM is especially practical for structures that are expected to experience slight to moderate damage levels and in particular for post‐disaster buildings that are expected to remain functional after an earthquake. In the last section of this paper, 16 low to mid‐rise irregular buildings located in Montreal, Canada, and that have been tested under ambient vibrations are analyzed with the method, and the dynamic amplification portion of natural torsion of the dataset is reported and discussed. The proposed methodology is appropriate for large‐scale assessments of existing buildings and is applicable to any seismic region of the world. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cepacin A and cepacin B, two new antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas cepacia. (1984)

Two new acetylenic antibiotics, cepacins A and B, have been isolated from the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas cepacia SC 11,783 and assigned structures 1 and 2. Cepacin A has good activity against staphylococci (MIC 0.2 micrograms/ml) but weak activity against streptococci (MIC 50 micrograms/ml) and the majority of Gram-negative organisms (MIC values 6.3 approximately greater than 50 micrograms/ml). Cepacin B has excellent activity against staphylococci (MIC less than 0.05 micrograms/ml) and some Gram-negative organisms (MIC values 0.1 approximately greater than 50 micrograms/ml).
Fundamental Principles of NMR and MRI at ULF (2014)

Chapter 1 defines the regime of ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging and introduces the general physics concepts of NMR and MRI at both ULF and high-field (≥1Tesla). Techniques and technology for generating, measuring and spatially encoding the NMR signal to enable MRI are introduced. Parameters important for image quality, including signal-to-noise and contrast are presented. Differences in technology, techniques, and practical aspects, between ULF and HF are presented throughout. A few applications unique to ULF MRI are introduced. A brief history of NMR and MRI at ULF from the earliest days of NMR is presented. We review the greatest challenges that ULF MRI must overcome and possible solution paths. The chapter concludes with a list of benefits and drawbacks of ULF MRI in comparison to traditional MRI.
Combined ct-video registration and tracking for endoscopic guidance (2007)

The current state-of-the-art workflow for endoscopic procedures consists of two steps. The first step involves acquisition and analysis of a three-dimensional computed tomography image to locate suspicious regions of interest and plan routes to reach them. In the second step, the physician attempts to maneuver the endoscope along the pre-planned route through the patient’s anatomy to reach these regions of interest. Navigation errors are common in standard practice and stem from the difficulty of pre-operative analysis and from the dissimilarity of the pre-operative data-set and the endoscopic video. 
This thesis proposes automated registration and tracking methods for registering the pre-operative data-set to the incoming live video in real-time. The registration locates the bronchoscope with respect to the anatomy and allows navigation routes and regions of interest that are defined pre-operatively within the computed tomography image to be continuously fused with the endoscopic video. The registration and tracking methods form the basis for an endoscopic guidance system described in this thesis. The guidance system uses novel interaction and visualization strategies that can assist a physician in reaching a region of interest and improve the accuracy of hitting a pre-specified anatomical target. 
We provide numerous laboratory results characterizing the performance of the registration methods. These results show that the registration algorithm is over 100x faster than previous methods, while simultaneously improving robustness and accuracy. We also present results showing the utility of the guidance system and strategies in phantom studies and in live human procedures.
The Phosphatidic Acid Binding Site of the Arabidopsis Trigalactosyldiacylglycerol 4 (TGD4) Protein Required for Lipid Import into Chloroplasts (2013)

Chloroplast membrane lipid synthesis relies on the import of glycerolipids from the ER. The TGD (TriGalactosylDiacylglycerol) proteins are required for this lipid transfer process. The TGD1, -2, and -3 proteins form a putative ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter transporting ER-derived lipids through the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast, while TGD4 binds phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and resides in the outer chloroplast envelope. We identified two sequences in TGD4, amino acids 1-80 and 110-145, which are necessary and sufficient for PtdOH binding. Deletion of both sequences abolished PtdOH binding activity. We also found that TGD4 from 18:3 plants bound specifically and with increased affinity PtdOH. TGD4 did not interact with other proteins and formed a homodimer both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that TGD4 is an integral dimeric β-barrel lipid transfer protein that binds PtdOH with its N terminus and contains dimerization domains at its C terminus.
Classification of Mucin-Type <i>O</i>-Glycopeptides Using Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation in Mass Spectrometry (2020)

Changes in mucin-type <i>O</i>-glycosylation of human proteins affect protein function, immune response, and cancer progression. Since <i>O</i>-glycoproteins are characterized by the microheterogeneity of diverse <i>O</i>-glycans with no conserved sequence and the macroheterogeneity of multiple glycosylation sites on serine and/or threonine in human proteins, the assessment of different mucin types, such as Tn-antigen, core 1, and core 2, and their extended core types in <i>O</i>-glycopeptides, is extremely challenging. Here, we present an <i>O-GlycoProteome Analyzer</i> (<i>O</i>-GPA) that automatically classifies mucin-type <i>O</i>-glycosylation using higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) in mass spectrometry. First, we estimated the number of GlcNAc residues using the intensity ratio of GlcNAc-specific fragment ions (HexNAc-CH<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HexNAc-2H<sub>2</sub>O) over GalNAc-specific fragment ions (HexNAc-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HexNAc-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) in the HCD spectrum. Furthermore, we classified the different mucin types of <i>O</i>-glycopeptides from characteristic B<sub>2</sub> (HexNAc<sub>2</sub>) or Y<sub>2α</sub> (PEP + HexNAc<sub>2</sub>), and Y<sub>2β</sub> (PEP + HexNAcHex) fragment ions, along with the number of GlcNAc. Furthermore, <i>O</i>-GPA automatically determined single or multiple <i>O</i>-glycosylation, regardless of the mucin types. The mucin type of <i>O</i>-glycopeptides from human urine and plasma was confirmed with an overall accuracy of 96%. We found 97 core 1, 56 core 2, 13 extended core 1, and 12 extended core 2 glycopeptides from urine; and 22 core 1, 13 core 2, 7 extended core 1, 1 extended core 2, and 1 Tn-antigen from plasma. Our strategy can be used to successfully characterize specific mucin types of <i>O</i>-glycoproteins in human biological samples.
Coherent phase and frequency detection by using sum-frequency mixing in nonlinear waveguides (1992)

We demonstrate a novel optical phase detector that uses sum-frequency mixing in a nonlinear waveguide. By monitoring the near-field pattern of the sum-frequency light radiated from the waveguide surface, the relative phase of two input light beams can be measured. By using an Al(x)Ga(1-x)As waveguide optimized for sum-frequency generation with lambda = 1.06 microm input light, we demonstrate a simple phase detector capable of resolving phase shifts of less than 0.2 rad. This phase detector is also used in an interferometer configuration as a gigahertz-resolution frequency monitor.
CRISPR-Editing Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2023)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating genetic disorder that results in progressive muscle degeneration and premature death. DMD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin protein, a membrane-associated protein required for maintenance of muscle structure and function. Although the genetic mutations causing the disease are well known, no curative therapies have been developed to date. The advent of genome-editing technologies provides new opportunities to correct the underlying mutations responsible for DMD. These mutations have been successfully corrected in human cells, mice, and large animal models through different strategies based on CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Ideally, CRISPR-editing could offer a one-time treatment for DMD by correcting the genetic mutations and enabling normal expression of the repaired gene. However, numerous challenges remain to be addressed, including optimization of gene editing, delivery of gene-editing components to all the muscles of the body, and the suppression of possible immune responses to the CRISPR-editing therapy. This review provides an overview of the recent advances toward CRISPR-editing therapy for DMD and discusses the opportunities and the remaining challenges in the path to clinical translation.
High-Temperature Enzymatic Breakdown of Cellulose (2011)

Cellulose is an abundant and renewable biopolymer that can be used for biofuel generation; however, structural entrapment with other cell wall components hinders enzyme-substrate interactions, a key bottleneck for ethanol production. Biomass is routinely subjected to treatments that facilitate cellulase-cellulose contacts. Cellulases and glucosidases act by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds of linear glucose β-1,4-linked polymers, producing glucose. Here we describe eight high-temperature-operating cellulases (TCel enzymes) identified from a survey of thermobacterial and archaeal genomes. Three TCel enzymes preferentially hydrolyzed soluble cellulose, while two preferred insoluble cellulose such as cotton linters and filter paper. TCel enzymes had temperature optima ranging from 85°C to 102°C. TCel enzymes were stable, retaining 80% of initial activity after 120 h at 85°C. Two modes of cellulose breakdown, i.e., with endo- and exo-acting glucanases, were detected, and with two-enzyme combinations at 85°C, synergistic cellulase activity was observed for some enzyme combinations.
Near-Field Chipless-RFID System With Erasable/Programmable 40-bit Tags Inkjet Printed on Paper Substrates (2018)

In this letter, a chipless radio frequency identification (chipless-RFID) system with erasable/programmable 40-bit tags inkjet printed on paper substrates, where tag reading proceeds sequentially through near-field coupling, is presented for the first time. The tags consist of a linear chain of identical split ring resonators (SRRs) printed at predefined and equidistant positions on a paper substrate, and each resonant element provides a bit of information. Tag programming is achieved by cutting certain resonant elements, providing the logic state “0” to the corresponding bit. Conversely, tags can be erased (all bits set to “1”) by short circuiting those previously cut resonant elements through inkjet. An important feature of the proposed system is the fact that tag reading is possible either with the SRR chain faced up or faced down (with regard to the reader). To this end, two pairs of header bits (resonators), with different sequences, have been added at the beginning and at the end of the tag identification chain. Moreover, tag data storage capacity (number of bits) is only limited by the space occupied by the linear chain. The implementation of tags on paper substrates demonstrates the potential of the proposed chipless-RFID system in secure paper applications, where the necessary proximity between the reader and the tag, inherent to near-field reading, is not an issue.
Pilot Matrix Design for Interim Channel Estimation in Two-Hop MIMO AF Relay Systems (2009)

In this paper, we are concerned with a two-hop multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system consisting of a source node (SN), a relay node (RN), and a destination node (DN). Since the simple RN in this system is unaware of the structure of its received signal and incapable of performing complicated signal processing, the interim channels over the SN-RN and the RN-DN hops can not be estimated directly. Therefore, we develop a novel interim channel estimation approach in this paper. Furthermore, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the pilot amplifying matrix sequence at the RN to ensure successful interim channel estimation at the DN, and present rules to design low-complexity pilot amplifying matrices meeting these conditions.
CHASSIS FOR PNEUMATIC VEHICLE (2010)

\n\t\t\t\t\tA pneumatic vehicle is provided with a first sub-assembly with a chassis, part of the vehicle body, a pair of B-pillars, a pair of rear rails, wheels, an elongate aluminum compressed load bearing air tank oriented longitudinally in the chassis, side panels connected to the tank and the wheels, a heat exchanger to heat the compressed air, and an air motor driven by the heated, compressed air and connected to a wheel. A ventilation system has a restrictive solenoid valve for directing air to the heat exchanger. The air tank is provided with a carbon filament reinforced plastic layer, and a fiberglass and aramid-fiber layer. A second sub-assembly includes part of the vehicle body bonded to the first-sub-assembly using a structural adhesive, a pair of A-pillars, and a pair of roof rails. Seating includes inflatable components for adjustment.\n\t\t\t\t