gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting <scp>ASCT2</scp>‐mediated glutamine uptake blocks prostate cancer growth and tumour development (2015)

Glutamine is conditionally essential in cancer cells, being utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source for macromolecule production, as well as for anaplerotic reactions fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient samples. Using LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, we showed that chemical or shRNA-mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro decreases glutamine uptake, cell cycle progression through E2F transcription factors, mTORC1 pathway activation and cell growth. Chemical inhibition also reduces basal oxygen consumption and fatty acid synthesis, showing that downstream metabolic function is reliant on ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of ASCT2 in PC-3 cell xenografts significantly inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, associated with the down-regulation of E2F cell cycle pathway proteins. In conclusion, ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake is essential for multiple pathways regulating the cell cycle and cell growth, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
<title>Measurement of large plane surface shape with interferometric aperture synthesis</title> (1992)

It is difficult to measure the optical surface shape of large area plane using interferometers. A part of the area of the sample is measured repeatedly by using a small aperture interferometer. The connection of the adjacent areas data is made with the aid of the least square method. This paper shows a method of connection of the measurement and shows some results of experiment.
A Novel Reactivity of SeO<sub>2</sub> with 1,3-Dienes:  Formation of syn 1,2- and 1,4-Diols via a Facile C−Se Bond Oxidation (2001)

[reaction: see text] A novel reaction between 1,3-dienes and selenium dioxide to give syn 1,2- and 1,4-diol cyclic selenites was studied in detail. This study indicates that an initial concerted [4 + 2] cycloaddition followed by a stereospecific carbon-selenium bond oxidation is involved in this unprecedented syn dihydroxy addition reaction mediated by selenium dioxide.
Electrocyclization‐Based Labeling Allows Efficient In Vivo Imaging of Cellular Trafficking (2010)

Labeling the living! New synthetic chemistry allows living cells to be labeled for 10 min at extremely low concentrations without deactivating cell functions; lymphocyte trafficking was visualized with high-contrast fluorescence imaging at the whole-body level. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Rippled area formed by surface plasmon polaritons upon femtosecond laser double-pulse irradiation of silicon (2013)

The formation of near-wavelength laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on silicon upon irradiation with sequences of Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser pulse pairs (pulse duration 150 fs, central wavelength 800 nm) is studied theoretically. For this purpose, the nonlinear generation of conduction band electrons in silicon and their relaxation is numerically calculated using a two-temperature model approach including intrapulse changes of optical properties, transport, diffusion and recombination effects. Following the idea that surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) can be excited when the material turns from semiconducting to metallic state, the "SPP active area" is calculated as function of fluence and double-pulse delay up to several picoseconds and compared to the experimentally observed rippled surface areas. Evidence is presented that multi-photon absorption explains the large increase of the rippled area for temporally overlapping pulses. For longer double-pulse delays, relevant relaxation processes are identified. The results demonstrate that femtosecond LIPSS on silicon are caused by the excitation of SPP and can be controlled by temporal pulse shaping.
p21<sup>WAF1/Cip1</sup> is a negative transcriptional regulator of <i>Wnt4</i> expression downstream of Notch1 activation (2005)

In keratinocytes, the cyclin/CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) is a direct transcriptional target of Notch1 activation; loss of either the p21 or Notch1 genes expands stem cell populations and facilitates tumor development. The Notch1 tumor-suppressor function was associated with down-regulation of Wnt signaling. Here, we show that suppression of Wnt signaling by Notch1 activation is mediated, at least in part, by down-modulation of Wnts gene expression. p21 is a negative regulator of Wnts transcription downstream of Notch1 activation, independently of effects on the cell cycle. More specifically, expression of the Wnt4 gene is under negative control of endogenous p21 both in vitro and in vivo. p21 associates with the E2F-1 transcription factor at the Wnt4 promoter and causes curtailed recruitment of c-Myc and p300, and histone hypoacetylation at this promoter. Thus, p21 acts as a selective negative regulator of transcription and links the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in keratinocyte growth control.
Dual-band miniaturized UHF-RFID tag for scaled-down networks using spiral resonators (2016)

Aim is to device dual band radio frequency identification (RFID) tag operating at ultra-high frequency (UHF) for miniaturized automated networks directed for explicit applications. Licensed frequency bands for ultra-high frequency auto identification used across Europe (866-869) and South Africa (917-921) are considered. Meander line antenna (MLA) equips the tag and electrically small two turn spiral resonator (2-SR) is cascaded in structure, its coupling with antenna is responsible to attain dual band functionality. Area of interest is to constraint tag size which makes it handy for implementation in scaled down modern networks to automate systems. Infusion of coupled resonator with antenna shrinks tag size remarkably as compared to the introduction of LC circuit matching network. Analysis, design and optimization process was carried out to achieve adequate bandwidth, effective gain and meanwhile tag size was truncated using two turn spiral resonator. Impedance matching at two bands using matching techniques requires incorporation of additional structures which disturb tag size. Truncated tag size makes it favourable for automated application specific integrated circuits, so they become appropriate for infusion in modern miniaturized networks.
Interleukin-3-stimulated haemopoietic stem cell proliferation. Evidence for activation of protein kinase C and Na+/H+ exchange without inositol lipid hydrolysis (1988)

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is an important regulator of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Little is known about the possible mechanisms whereby this growth factor acts on stem cells to stimulate cell survival and proliferation. Here we have investigated the role of intracellular pH and the Na+/H+ antiport in stem cell proliferation using the multipotential IL-3-dependent stem cell line, FDCP-Mix 1. Evidence is presented that IL-3 can stimulate the activation of an amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange via protein kinase C activation. IL-3-mediated activation of the Na+/H+ exchange is not observed in FDCP-Mix 1 cells where protein kinase C levels have been down-modulated by treatment with phorbol esters. Also the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 can inhibit IL-3-mediated increases in intracellular pH. This activation of Na+/H+ exchange via protein kinase C has been shown to occur with no measurable effects of IL-3 on inositol lipid hydrolysis or on cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Evidence is also presented that this IL-3-stimulated alkalinization acts as a signal for cellular proliferation in stem cells.
The Microbiological and Clinical Characteristics of Invasive Salmonella in Gallbladders from Cholecystectomy Patients in Kathmandu, Nepal (2012)

Gallbladder carriage of invasive Salmonella is considered fundamental in sustaining typhoid fever transmission. Bile and tissue was obtained from 1,377 individuals undergoing cholecystectomy in Kathmandu to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and relevance of invasive Salmonella in the gallbladder in an endemic area. Twenty percent of bile samples contained a Gram-negative organism, with Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from 24 and 22 individuals, respectively. Gallbladders that contained Salmonella were more likely to show evidence of acute inflammation with extensive neutrophil infiltrate than those without Salmonella, corresponding with higher neutrophil and lower lymphocyte counts in the blood of Salmonella positive individuals. Antimicrobial resistance in the invasive Salmonella isolates was limited, indicating that gallbladder colonization is unlikely to be driven by antimicrobial resistance. The overall role of invasive Salmonella carriage in the gallbladder is not understood; here we show that 3.5% of individuals undergoing cholecystectomy in this setting have a high concentration of antimicrobial sensitive, invasive Salmonella in their bile. We predict that such individuals will become increasingly important if current transmission mechanisms are disturbed; prospectively identifying these individuals is, therefore, paramount for rapid local and regional elimination.
Particle filters and data association for multi-target tracking (2008)

This paper presents Monte Carlo (MC) methods for multi-target tracking and data association. We focus on comparing different estimation methods based on joint and non-joint state particle filters (PF) and joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) techniques. A novel data association algorithm for PF, founded on a combination of PDA and nearest neighbour (NN) techniques, is also developed. In this method the calculation of the association probabilities for each target is simplified and especially in clutter environment the number of association hypotheses is reduced considerably. The algorithms are tested and compared in a simulation study. A challenging ground target scenario consisting of road networks and passive sensors is used to evaluate the behaviour of the tracking filters.
Effect of duration of type I diabetes on the prevalence of stages of diabetic nephropathy defined by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. (1996)

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of stages of diabetic nephropathy, defined by the albumin/creatinine ratio (AC ratio) in repeated measurements in random urine samples. Over a 30-month interval, 1613 patients with Type I diabetes (IDDM) (aged 15 to 44 yr, IDDM duration 1 to 39 yr), and 218 healthy control subjects provided multiple urine specimens. AC ratios measured in urine samples taken 5 months apart were highly reproducible (Spearman r = 0.83). A criterion for the boundary between normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria was obtained by searching for a cutpoint that optimized agreement between serial specimens on individuals. The result was lower in men than women: 17 as compared with 25 micrograms/mg. These two values corresponded to the 95th percentiles of the respective distributions of the AC ratio in healthy control subjects. Also these sex-specific cutpoints, when converted to albumin excretion rates, became almost equal: 30 and 31 micrograms/min. Microalbuminuria appeared early in the course of IDDM (6% of those with only 1 to 3 yr of diabetes) and then increased rapidly during two intervals, the first and third decades, before leveling off at 52%. By that time the cumulative risk of overt proteinuria had risen to 27%. Determinations of the AC ratio in random urine samples are easily obtained and are reliable indices of elevated urinary albumin excretion (microalbuminuria) in IDDM. The pattern of occurrence of microalbuminuria according to duration of IDDM suggests that there may be two subsets of diabetic nephropathy, one appearing early and the other late. Patients with microalbuminuria and 25 yr of postpubertal IDDM have low risk of progression to advanced diabetic nephropathy.
A complex based on imidazole ionic liquid and copolymer of acrylamide and phenoxyacetamide modification for clay stabilizer (2014)

ABSTRACT A complex system (AM/AA/APO‐EMIN) was obtained by poly (acrylamide‐ co ‐acrylic acid‐ co‐N ‐allyl‐2‐phenoxyacetamide) (AM/AA/APO) combining 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM] [BF 4 ]) for clay stabilizer by using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and N ‐allyl‐2‐phenoxyacetamide (APO), N ‐methylimidazole, bromoethane, and sodium fluoroborate as raw materials. The complex solution exhibited excellent anti‐swelling rate (up to 94.5% at 10,000 mg/L), satisfying aging resistance (viscosity retention rate 84.2% after 15 days), and marked shear thinning behavior (viscosity retention rate 7.5% under 600 s −1 ). From scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, a clear network structure appeared in AM/AA/APO‐EMIM solution. Compared with an existing poly (acrylamide‐ co ‐diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) clay stabilizer (HY‐201S), AM/AA/APO‐EMIN was less content and more effective to reduce the d ‐spacing of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) from 19.1 Å to 15.7 Å. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41536.
Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Periodically Loaded Patches Above PEC and AMC Ground Planes (2017)

This letter proposes two spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) leaky-wave antennas using periodically loaded patches above perfect electric conductor (PEC) and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground planes, respectively. The SSPP leaky-wave antenna is based on an SSPP transmission line, along which circular patches are periodically loaded on both sides to provide an additional momentum for phase matching with the radiated waves in the air. The PEC and AMC ground planes underneath the antenna reflect the radiated waves into the upward space, leading to an enhanced radiation gain. Both PEC- and AMC-grounded antenna prototypes are fabricated and measured in comparison with the one without any ground plane. The experimental results show that the PEC and AMC ground planes increase the radiation gain by approximately 3 dB within the operational frequency range 4.5-6.5 GHz. It also demonstrates that the AMC-grounded leaky-wave antenna, with a thickness of 0.08λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at 6 GHz, features more compact profile than the PEC-grounded one (with a thickness of 0.3λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at 6 GHz).
Investigation on Deformation Mechanism and Treatment Effect of a Scattered Slope Based on Continuum–Discontinuum Element Method and Finite Difference Method (2022)

Slope deformation and failure is an inevitable engineering problem in highway construction and operation in mountainous areas. Its essence is a continuous–discontinuous gradual failure process of slope under the action of unbalanced force. Slope deformation and failure mechanism is the basis and key content of its emergency treatment and comprehensive treatment. In this study, the continuous–discontinuous element method (CDEM) and finite difference method are used to analyze the deformation mechanism and support the effect of a scattered slope in the Biwei Expressway. The results showed that the change in the local geological environment caused by roadbed excavation leads to slope slippage along the surface and then pulls the upper rock mass gradually to produce slippage failure, resulting in the stability gradually decreasing. The mechanism is traction sliding–tensile cracking. The continuous–discontinuous element method can effectively simulate the formation process of the main and sub sliding planes during excavation and can better display the phenomenon of slope failure and gradual disintegration. The emergency disposal of the gravity anti-sliding retaining wall in front of the slope can effectively control further deformation and ensure temporary stability. In comprehensive treatment, step-type slope excavation, gravity anti-sliding retaining wall, and anchor frame beam are adopted to control the deformation and failure of slope and ensure long-term stability. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the actual results, which effectively explains the rationality of this study. The research results of this study can provide some reference for the emergency treatment and comprehensive treatment of slopes in mountainous areas and for the construction and operation of highways and other infrastructure in mountainous areas.
Managing Risks in Multiple Online Auctions: An <i>Options</i> Approach* (2005)

ABSTRACT The scenario of established business sellers utilizing online auction markets to reach consumers and sell new products is becoming increasingly common. We propose a class of risk management tools, loosely based on the concept of financial options that can be employed by such sellers. While conceptually similar to options in financial markets, we empirically demonstrate that option instruments within auction markets cannot be developed employing similar methodologies, because the fundamental tenets of extant option pricing models do not hold within online auction markets. We provide a framework to analyze the value proposition of options to potential sellers, option‐holder behavior implications on auction processes, and seller strategies to write and price options that maximize potential revenues. We then develop an approach that enables a seller to assess the demand for options under different option price and volume scenarios. We compare option prices derived from our approach with those derived from the Black‐Scholes model ( Black & Scholes, 1973 ) and discuss the implications of the price differences. Experiments based on actual auction data suggest that options can provide significant benefits under a variety of option‐holder behavioral patterns.
Sample Preparation by Easy Extraction and Digestion (SPEED) - A Universal, Rapid, and Detergent-free Protocol for Proteomics Based on Acid Extraction (2019)

The main challenge of bottom-up proteomic sample preparation is to extract proteomes in a manner that enables efficient protein digestion for subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. Today's sample preparation strategies are commonly conceptualized around the removal of detergents, which are essential for extraction but strongly interfere with digestion and LC-MS. These multi-step preparations contribute to a lack of reproducibility as they are prone to losses, biases and contaminations, while being time-consuming and labor-intensive. We report a detergent-free method, named Sample Preparation by Easy Extraction and Digestion (SPEED), which consists of three mandatory steps, acidification, neutralization and digestion. SPEED is a universal method for peptide generation from various sources and is easily applicable even for lysis-resistant sample types as pure trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is used for highly efficient protein extraction by complete sample dissolution. The protocol is highly reproducible, virtually loss-less, enables very rapid sample processing and is superior to the detergent/chaotropic agent-based methods FASP, ISD-Urea and SP3 for quantitative proteomics. SPEED holds the potential to dramatically simplify and standardize sample preparation while improving the depth of proteome coverage especially for challenging samples.
Yield-driven redundant power bump assignment for power network robustness (2017)

During package manufacturing process, open defects of power bumps may cause insufficient power supply and degrade the power network yield. This work presents a redundant power bump insertion method to ensure power integrity by considering the power bump yields. The proposed method can efficiently assign redundant bumps by accurately estimating the location of worst load yield and minimizing the amounts of redundant bumps to enhance the power network yield.
Web Exploitation for Definition Extraction (2009)

We present a system to extract definitions from a term using the Web. Definitions are organized according to a typology and its context. The structural and functional design is described; emphasizing its relevant components: the extractor of definitional context to candidates using the Yahoo!’s BOSS API; the extractor of definitional contexts and a clustering module based on textual energy as a measure of similarity.
Morphology of Aggregated Asphaltene Structural Models (2004)

Aggregated asphaltene structural models have been generated through a molecular simulation geometry optimization process, using periodic boundary conditions. This methodology has been validated by first applying it to a pure aromatic system. Initially, a random distribution of 35 molecules was chosen and a geometry optimization process was performed, allowing the cell dimensions to vary without restrictions. The structure factor (S(k)) of an optimized final cell was obtained and compared with experimental results, and the agreement between theoretical and experimental S(k) profiles was satisfactory. This methodology was next used in the analysis of the morphology of 32 asphaltene model molecules and their aromatic cores; asphaltene model molecules were taken from literature. It is remarkable that face-to-face stacking of asphaltene aggregates was observed, as well as π-offset and T-shaped stacking geometries. Finally, the effect of aliphatic chains on the aggregates was also analyzed.
The effect of thermoelastic internal friction on the Q of micromachined silicon resonators (1990)

Resonator damping measurements made on flexural beams micromachined from single-crystal silicon are described. A theoretical analysis of thermoelastic internal friction that accurately predicts the measurements that were taken is described. The results of these tests show that thermoelastic internal friction is a fundamental damping mechanism that can determine the quality of high-Q resonators over a range of operating conditions. Single-crystal silicon beams were tested under vacuum conditions over a range of frequencies from 80 kHz to 1.6 MHz and over a range of temperatures from 300 K to 400 K. measured values of Q varied from 10000 to more than 70000 and showed good agreement with theoretical estimates of thermoelastic internal friction. It is concluded that thermoelastic internal friction is a measurable phenomenon in micromachined flexures and should be considered when designing, testing, and evaluating miniature resonators for solid-state sensors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>