gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and Histological Characterization of Antigens Preferentially Expressed on the Surface and Cytoplasm of Breast Carcinoma Cells Identified by Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Human Milk Fat Globule (1990)

The preparation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the human milk fat globule membrane with preferential binding to breast carcinoma cells is described. Using BALB/c mouse myeloma cells; inter-specific, intra-strain, and inter-strain hybridomas were isolated that identified three different components of the human milk fat globule of approximately 46,000, and 70,000 daltons and a mucin-like glycoprotein complex (NPGP) ranging from 400,000 to over a million daltons, respectively. Three MAbs (BrE1, BrE2, BrE3) identified the latter component which consists of at least three different size molecules for which the aforementioned MAb's have different binding specificities. MAbs, BrE2 and BrE3, bound to normal breast epithelial cells but to a lesser extent than to tumors and only at the apical surface facing the lumen, while they bound breast carcinomas strongly, and often in the cytoplasm as well as on the surface. Higher concentrations of BrE3 were required to stain normal breast compared to breast tumors. BrE1 also stained breast carcinomas both on the surface and cytoplasmically but did not stain normal breast tissue. The MAb, Mc13, as well as the previously reported MAb McR2, both against the 70,000 dalton component, did not significantly stain either normal or cancerous breast tissue in histological sections but did bind significantly to cultured breast epithelial cells and to the milk fat globule membrane. The MAbs, Mc8 and Mc3, reported previously to be against the 46,000 dalton component, stained histologically only malignant breast tissue but only weakly; however, they bound strongly to intact breast carcinoma cells and breast cell membrane preparations with a radioimmunobinding assay. These MAbs should be useful in characterizing the surface of breast epithelial cells, studying surface alterations in malignancy, and possibly in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Auditing of Ultra Dense RFID Straws in Cryogenic Container at -196°C (2018)

This paper presents a new auditing system scheme based on radio frequency identification technologies for cryopreservation applications using liquid nitrogen at temperature of -196°C. Conventional approaches such as hand written labels or printed barcodes suffer from the significant manual labor work and freeze-thaw-damaging risk of the sample. The proposed scheme integrates miniaturized RFID electronic devices and antennas in the thin cryogenic straws without significantly changing their dimensions. In addition, 900 MHz frequency band is chosen for long reading range, which eliminates the need to take the preserved biological samples out of liquid nitrogen and minimizes the damaging risk. Four most important technical aspects for the system have been identified and investigated: 1. The link budget is evaluated by FDTD numerical simulations to make sure the RF signal strength meets the requirement for the reading range. 2. The total efficiency of small and tightly coupled RFID dipole antennas is studied and obtained by simulations. 3. The current-voltage behaviors of two types of transistors in typical RFID electronics have been characterized by measurements to identify the suitable transistor type for reliable circuit designs at -196°C. 4. The easy-to-access and anti-collision reading system for fast data collection is analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the proposed scheme is feasible, which can be beneficial for the relevant scientific fields.
Page Curling Correction for Scanned Books Using Local Distortion Information (2011)

The correction of page curling in scanned document images has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Fixing page curling is essential because of the resulting damage in the visual perception of the scanned text and the ensuing reduction in OCR performance on the distorted image. It has been generally concluded that correcting the distortion due to page curling will serve as a solid basis for increased OCR accuracy. We present a novel approach for the efficient correction of page curling in the images of scanned book pages. The approach is based on the fact that approximately 70% of the words in any book are recurring terms. Thus, for many distorted words, a distinct and clear reference word can be found. Our work computes a global, polynomial transformation-based correction for the page distortion. This correction is based on the estimation of various local distortions in the given page, which are characterized by located words. Experiments on the scanned page images of an 18th century book printed in Old Gothic font have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Effective fractionation of lignocellulose in herbaceous biomass and hardwood using a mild acetone organosolv process (2017)

Key features of this process are the high yield of cellulose, monomeric hemicellulose sugars and lignin combined with limited solvent loss due to acetone self-condensation.
A class of boron-rich solid-state neutron detectors (2002)

Real-time solid-state neutron detectors have been fabricated from semiconducting boron–carbon alloys, deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Single neutrons were detected and signals induced by gamma rays were determined to be insignificant. The source gas closo-1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (ortho-carborane) was used to fabricate the boron–carbon alloys with only the natural isotopic abundance of B10. Devices made of thicker boron–carbon alloy layers enriched in B10 could lead to increased detection efficiency and active diodes could use the inherent micron scale spatial resolution, increasing the range of possible applications.
Broadband and high power infrared waveguide modulators. Final technical report, 25 Aug 1972--15 Oct 1976 (1976)

The objective of this program is to develop an efficient and reliable ultra-wideband waveguide modulator for CO/sub 2/ lasers that will be useful for high resolution imaging optical radars and high-data-rate optical communication systems. Efficiency and reliability can be obtained by using integrated optics technology, which is an optical analog of IC technology in electronics. The major advantage of this approach is derived primarily from the fact that strong and wideband interaction between the laser and the microwave electric field can be obtained within a thin waveguiding layer at a thickness of approximately one optical wavelength. However, the practicality and applicability of this approach remained to be proven. Of most importance is the ability to demonstrate that the ultimate performance of an integrated-optic modulator can supersede that of the conventional bulk modulators.
Graphene-Oxide-Based Electrochemical Sensors for the Sensitive Detection of Pharmaceutical Drug Naproxen (2020)

Here we report on a selective and sensitive graphene-oxide-based electrochemical sensor for the detection of naproxen. The effects of doping and oxygen content of various graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials on their respective electrochemical behaviors were investigated and rationalized. The synthesized GO and GO-based nanomaterials were characterized using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, while the associated amounts of the dopant heteroatoms and oxygen were quantified using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviors of the GO, fluorine-doped graphene oxide (F-GO), boron-doped partially reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO), nitrogen-doped partially reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO), and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) were studied and compared via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It was found that GO exhibited the highest signal for the electrochemical detection of naproxen when compared with the other GO-based nanomaterials explored in the present study. This was primarily due to the presence of the additional oxygen content in the GO, which facilitated the catalytic oxidation of naproxen. The GO-based electrochemical sensor exhibited a wide linear range (10 mM-1 mM), a high sensitivity (0.60 µAµM<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup>), high selectivity and a strong anti-interference capacity over potential interfering species that may exist in a biological system for the detection of naproxen. In addition, the proposed GO-based electrochemical sensor was tested using actual pharmaceutical naproxen tablets without pretreatments, further demonstrating excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, this study provided insights into the participatory catalytic roles of the oxygen functional groups of the GO-based nanomaterials toward the electrochemical oxidation and sensing of naproxen.
Materials figure of merit for achromatic gradient index (GRIN) optics (2016)

A new figure of merit is developed for ranking pairs of materials as candidates for gradient index (GRIN) optics capable of good color correction. The approach leverages recent work which derives a connection in GRIN lenses between the optical properties of constituent materials and the wavelength dependence of the lens power. We extend the analysis here, the effectiveness of which is evidenced by a simulated f/3 GRIN lens with diffraction-limited performance over the visible spectrum, using the top material pair selected out of a database of >60,000 possible candidates.
Novel multimode fiber for narrow-band Bragg gratings (2001)

We propose a novel multimode fiber structure with modal propagation characteristics tailored to facilitate the creation of narrow-band high-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings. The fiber structure proposed consists of concentric cylindrical shells of higher and lower refractive index material. A full vector second-order finite-element method is used to analyze the proposed multimode fiber structure. Simulations of the modal profiles show that high-order modes are localized to particular high-refractive index shells. We present the theoretical characterization of the modal propagation constant as a function of inner shell radius, shell separation, and harmonic-mode parameter. It is shown that a fiber with a minimum inner shell radius of at least 25/spl lambda/ (where /spl lambda/ is the vacuum wavelength), and a minimum shell separation of at least 10/spl lambda/ provides a reasonable tradeoff between fiber size and grating performance. A simulation of the multimode fiber grating shows that a grating with a full-width at half-maximum bandwidth on the order of 10/sup -4//spl lambda/ is theoretically possible, if optical power is launched strictly into modes with angular harmonic parameter p=1.
Ashwagandhanolide, a Bioactive Dimeric Thiowithanolide Isolated from the Roots of <i>Withania </i><i>somnifera</i> (2006)

A new dimeric withanolide, ashwagandhanolide (1), was isolated from the roots of an Ayurvedic medicinal herb, Withania somnifera. A detailed spectroscopic evaluation revealed its identity as a dimer with an unusual thioether linkage. Compound 1 displayed growth inhibition against human gastric (AGS), breast (MCF-7), central nervous system (SF-268), colon (HCT-116), and lung (NCI H460) cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 0.43-1.48 microg/mL. In addition, it inhibited lipid peroxidation and the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in vitro.
The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide in combination with docetaxel reduces metastasis and improves survival in a xenograft model of breast cancer (2005)

Parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, shows antitumor activity in vitro, which correlates with its ability to inhibit the DNA binding of the antiapoptotic transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. In this study, we investigated the chemosensitizing activity of parthenolide in vitro as well as in MDA-MB-231 cell-derived xenograft metastasis model of breast cancer. HBL-100 and MDA-MB-231 cells were used to measure the antitumor and chemosensitizing activity of parthenolide in vitro. Parthenolide was effective either alone or in combination with docetaxel in reducing colony formation, inducing apoptosis and reducing the expression of prometastatic genes IL-8 and the antiapoptotic gene GADD45beta1 in vitro. In an adjuvant setting, animals treated with parthenolide and docetaxel combination showed significantly enhanced survival compared with untreated animals or animals treated with either drug. The enhanced survival in the combination arm was associated with reduced lung metastases. In addition, nuclear NF-kappaB levels were lower in residual tumors and lung metastasis of animals treated with parthenolide, docetaxel, or both. In the established orthotopic model, there was a trend toward slower growth in the parthenolide-treated animals but no statistically significant findings were seen. These results for the first time reveal the significant in vivo chemosensitizing properties of parthenolide in the metastatic breast cancer setting and support the contention that metastases are very reliant on activation of NF-kappaB.
Railway Track Geometry Defect Modeling: Deterioration, Derailment Risk, and Optimal Repair (2013)

Analyzing track geometry defects is critical for safe and effective railway transportation. Repairing the right number and type of track geo-defects can appropriately reduce the probability of derailments. Additionally, prioritized track geometry repair work reduces dynamic vehicle and track interaction, thus reducing the stress state of the railroad. In this paper, the authors propose an analytical framework for making optimal geo-defect repair decisions by minimizing total expected costs, which include potential derailment costs and repair costs. This paper's major contribution lies in formulating and integrating the following three data-driven models: 1). A track deterioration model to study the degradation of Class II geo-defects; 2). A survival model to assess the derailment risk as a function of the track condition; 3). An optimization model under uncertainty for track repair decisions. In real-world examples, compared with heuristic strategies in practice, our proposed models can reduce 20% of the total composite cost on average, and potentially even more for long track sections.
Viability of rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) seeds following selection on the basis of newly‐emerged radicles then subsequent drying and storage (1989)

Summary Germinating rape seeds selected on the basis of newly‐emerged radicles (1 ± 0.5 mm) were dried to an equilibrium moisture content ( c . 11%) in air at 20°C and 80% relative humidity without loss of viability. Storage life of these low‐moisture‐content germinating (LMCG) seeds at 15°C was limited to 7 days before viability was significantly reduced. However, viability of LMCG seeds was maintained for 84 days in storage at ‐20°C. Longer periods in store reduced viability, but 96% of seeds still remained viable after 336 days at ‐ 20°C. Increasing periods of storage at ‐20°C reduced the subsequent seed longevity at 15°C, indicating a reduction in vigour during storage. Storage under reduced pressure or in a nitrogen atmosphere had little significant effect on seed longevity. Reduction of moisture content below 11% using vacuum drying at a range of temperatures reduced seed vigour.
Galactosyltransferase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxy‐<i>N</i>‐acetyllactosamine (1991)

Like all 2′-deoxy-β-disaccharides, the title compound 1 is expecially difficult to synthesize. 1 is of importance due to its similarity to partial sequences of glycoproteins. It has now been possible to carry out the enzymatically catalyzed transfer of 2-deoxygalactose to N-acetylglucosamine in one reaction cycle, whereby exclusively the β(1–4)-glycosidic bond is formed.
Characteristics of skin-electrode impedance for a novel screw electrode (2014)

Our group has developed a novel dry electrode, the skin screw electrode, for EEG measurement. This electrode can be conveniently and rapidly installed on the human scalp requiring no electrolyte application and skin preparation. In this paper, we further evaluate the performance of this electrode by investigating its frequency-dependent electrical impedance at the skin-electrode interface. Comparing with the traditional disc electrode, we found that the two types of electrodes showed very different spectral properties. We also found that the impedance of the screw electrode decreases after coating with gold.
New 10 μm infrared detector using intersubband absorption in resonant tunneling GaAlAs superlattices (1987)

We demonstrate a novel 10.8 μm superlattice infrared detector based on doped quantum wells of GaAs/AlGaAs. Intersubband resonance radiation excites an electron from the ground state into the first excited state, where it rapidly tunnels out producing a photocurrent. We achieve a narrow bandwidth (10%) photosensitivity with a responsivity of 0.52 A/W and an estimated speed of 30 ps.
A new concept for string-instrument sound board : the splitting board (2010)

All strings instruments function in the same way : a driving system ‐the strings‐coupled with a radiating surface ‐the-soundboard‐ via an intermediating element ‐the bridge. The acoustic qualities are determined by the particular organization of these three elements: Exciter - Coupling - Resonator. The art of instrument making is in the optimum transformation from mechanical energy of the strings into radiating acoustical energy. Holding all other parameters constant between two given instruments, this radiated energy depends on both the modal shape of the eigenmodes of the soundboard and the location of coupling. There is always a compromise between different parts of the spectrum depending on the eigenmodes that radiate efficiently and those that radiate weakly. Indeed, whenever eigenmodes are symmetrical the far-field radiation for even-modes reaches its minimum by the destructive interference of its acoustic sources. On the other hand, if the modal geometry is odd, the radiation is maximized. Taking this into account, instrument makers working to create functional asymmetries such as all modes radiate as close to their respective maxima as possible. Should they arrive at a spectrum that lacks a given eigenmode of vibration, the structure does not radiate. The perceptual signature of a given instrument, therefore, depends on the adjustment of maxima and minima of radiation. A new manner of radiation optimization is possible by splitting the radiating element : the soundboard. We can first, by adjusting the modal properties of each of the aforementioned elements, ensure that the maximum radiation of an element corresponds to the minimum of the other element. As a result, a more homogeneous acoustical response is achieved. In addition, by judiciously choosing the location of coupling, we can systematically create asymmetries in the geometry of eigenmodes. As a consequence, the far-field radiation is considerably improved. Furthermore, by coupling these split elements, an exchange of energy is carried out in real time, thereby enriching the resultant sound. So, by assigning to each soundboard component a dedicated part of the spectrum to be radiated, a new paradigm of sound optimization is arrived upon. This paper presents a model and some measurements that endeavor to substantiate the model discussed above. A violin and a guitar will be shown and played. (patents pending)
Experimental Reliability Improvement of Power Devices Operated Under Fast Thermal Cycling (2015)

In automotive applications, the lifetime of the power transistors is limited by the number of power pulses, induced by, e.g., short-circuit or inductive clamping events. This letter presents a solution for reliability improvement of double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors which operate under thermomechanical stresses generated during power cycling.
Free-breathing myocardial T2* mapping using GRE-EPI and automatic Non-rigid motion correction (2015)

The free-breathing approach described for T2* mapping using MOCO GRE-EPI enables accurate myocardial and liver T2* measurements and is insensitive to respiratory motion.
CO<sub>2</sub> Mineral Sequestration: Chemically Enhanced Aqueous Carbonation of Serpentine (2003)

Abstract As one of the greenhouse gases, it is essential to reduce CO 2 emissions in order to stabilize CO 2 levels in the atmosphere while allowing the continued use of fossil fuels. Abatement of CO 2 by mineral carbonation has been proposed as one of the most promising methods for CO 2 emission control in the flue gas from coal‐fired power plants. However, little is known about the fundamental characteristics of CO 2 ‐mineral reactions. The overall goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the aqueous reactions of CO 2 with Mg‐bearing minerals. Specifically, the focus was on the enhancement of the mineral dissolution.
Crosstalk in multi-core optical fibres (2011)

Achieving low crosstalk and high core density is one of the key challenges for multicore fibre. Advanced low-crosstalk designs aim for optimal mode confinement and additional phase-mismatch suppression robust to variations.
High‐Performance Flexible Transparent Thin‐Film Transistors Using a Hybrid Gate Dielectric and an Amorphous Zinc Indium Tin Oxide Channel (2010)

High-performance flexible transparent thin-film transistors (TFTs) are demonstrated using amorphous zink indium tin oxide (ZITO) transparent oxide conductor electrodes, an amorphous ZITO transparent oxide semiconductor channel, and a vapor-deposited self-assembled nanodielectric (v-SAND) gate insulator. These TFTs exhibit a large field-effect mobility of 110 cm2V−1s−1, a current on/off ratio of 104, and a low operating voltage of 1.0 V, along with very good optical transparency and mechanical flexibility. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Color-tunable pixels and lasers using vacuum-deposited organic thin films</title> (1997)

We review recent results form two types of small molecule organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). For flat panel display applications, we have developed a novel OLED pixel in which the R, G and B emission layers are vertically stacked to provide a simple fabrication process, minimum pixel size, and maximum fill factor. In separate experiments, we have worked towards achieving electrically- pumped organic lasers by demonstrating low-threshold lasing in an optically-pumped thin film double heterostructure consisting entirely of organic semiconducting materials.
Representing motion information from event-based cameras (2017)

Many recent works have successfully leveraged motion information (i.e., dense optical flow) for a variety of problems. In this paper, we introduce a methodology to capture motion information using high-speed event-based cameras combined with convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our motion event features (MEFs) succinctly capture motion magnitude and direction in a form suitable for input into a CNN. We demonstrate the broad applicability of MEFs across two disparate problems: action recognition, and autonomous robot reactive control.