gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissolution and Regeneration of <i>Bombyx mori</i> Silk Fibroin Using Ionic Liquids (2004)

In this work, the suitability of imidazolium-based ionic liquid solvents is investigated for the dissolution and regeneration of silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk. Within an ionic liquid the anion plays a larger role in dictating the ultimate solubility of the silk. The dissolution of the silk in the ionic liquid is confirmed using wide-angle X-ray scattering. The dissolved silk is also processed into 100 mum-thick, two-dimensional films, and the structure of these films is examined. The rinse solvent, acetonitrile or methanol, has a profound impact on both the topography of the films and the secondary structure of the silk protein. The image depicts a silkworm cocoon dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and then regenerated as a film with birefringence.
Image-Based Surface Detail Transfer (2005)

We present a novel technique, called Image-Based Surface Detail Transfer, to transfer geometric details from one surface to another with simple 2D image operations. The basic observation is that, without knowing its 3D geometry, geometric details (local deformations) can be extracted from a single image of an object in a way independent of its surface reflectance, and furthermore, these geometric details can be transferred to modify the appearance of other objects directly in images. We show examples including surface detail transfer between real objects, as well as between real and synthesized objects.
LiPaD: lightweight packet drop detection for ad hoc networks (2005)

We present a scalable, effective and practical approach for detection of packet-drop attacks in ad hoc networks. In this attack, a malicious network node chooses to selectively drop packets that are supposed to be forwarded, which results in adverse impact on application goodput and network stability. Briefly, our approach requires network nodes to report statistics on IP flow packets originated, received, or forwarded to neighbors. These statistics are analyzed and correlated to determine nodes suspected of dropping packets. Preliminary OPNet-based simulation results suggest that our approach is quite accurate in detecting single and multiple malicious packet-dropping nodes even in the presence of nonmalicious "natural" link-loss, and when malicious nodes are "lying" by reporting incorrect statistics. We are in the process of augmenting the simulation to better handle increased network traffic and node mobility, so as to determine the performance of the approach in more realistic scenarios.
Motion robust remote photoplethysmography in CIELab color space (2016)

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is attractive for tracking a subject’s physiological parameters without wearing a device. However, rPPG is known to be prone to body movement-induced artifacts, making it unreliable in realistic situations. Here we report a method to minimize the movement-induced artifacts. The method selects an optimal region of interest (ROI) automatically, prunes frames in which the ROI is not clearly captured (e.g., subject moves out of the view), and analyzes rPPG using an algorithm in CIELab color space, rather than the widely used RGB color space. We show that body movement primarily affects image intensity, rather than chromaticity, and separating chromaticity from intensity in CIELab color space thus helps achieve effective reduction of the movement-induced artifacts. We validate the method by performing a pilot study including 17 people with diverse skin tones.
Cherenkov imaging during volumetric modulated arc therapy for real-time radiation beam tracking and treatment response monitoring (2016)

External beam radiotherapy utilizes high energy radiation to target cancer with dynamic, patient-specific treatment plans. The otherwise invisible radiation beam can be observed via the optical Cherenkov photons emitted from interaction between the high energy beam and tissue. Using a specialized camera-system, the Cherenkov emission can thus be used to track the radiation beam on the surface of the patient in real-time, even for complex cases such as volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Two patients undergoing VMAT of the head and neck were imaged and analyzed, and the viability of the system to provide clinical feedback was established.
Preliminary clinical results of a transcutaneous reflectance spectrophotometer for the detection of bilirubin in neonates (1991)

A reflectance spectrophotometer has been developed for the determination of the bilirubin level in neonates from the transcutaneous, diffuse reflectance in the 380-820 nm wavelength range. It is comprised of a diode-array spectrophotometer (Hewlett Packard 8452A) with the light source and diode-array input modified by a fiber bundle (optical patch). A laptop computer (Toshiba T1200) is used to control the spectrophotometer and collect and store data.
Anterior Lumbar Vertebral Body Tethering in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2020)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal deformity in children. The traditional treatment for curves greater than 50 degrees is posterior spinal fusion with pedicle instrumentation for prevention of curve progression later in life. However, there is growing interest in non-fusion techniques such as anterior vertebral body tethering. Despite the common presentation of thoracolumbar and lumbar curves in AIS, descriptions of anterior vertebral body tethering for AIS have been largely limited to the thoracic vertebrae. The goal of this paper is to describe the technique of lumbar anterior vertebral body tethering which involves a combined thoracoscopic and mini-open approach to the spine with a transdiaphragmatic tether. The technique and reduction are aided by CT navigation and a radiolucent hinged spine surgery table. Dissemination of successful techniques is essential to advance non-fusion care for idiopathic scoliosis.
Prenatal testing for late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (2000)

Classic late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is a neurodegenerative disease in which autofluorescent “curvilinear” storage bodies accumulate in tissues from affected patients. Recently, the LINCL gene (CLN2) has been found to code for a pepstatin-insensitive lysosomal protease whose activity is deficient in LINCL specimens. We report the first 2 cases of successful prenatal testing for LINCL by using DNA and enzyme-based methods on amniocytes, and describe a new private mutation in one of the families analyzed. These approaches allow definitive prenatal diagnosis and represent a significant improvement over previous pathological methods. Ann Neurol 2000;47:254–257
Molten carbonate fuel ceel electrolyte (1978)

An improved molten-carbonate fuel-cell electrolyte developed by IGT permits thermal cycling of the fuel cell from reaction temperatures to room temperatures without a significant decrease in the cell's power output. The electrolyte's inert support matrix is predominantely LiAlO/sub 2/ having a crystalline structure with an average length/diameter ratio greater than about 3 and a surface area greater than about 5 m/sup 2//g; the carbonates composition is a ternary lithium-potassium-sodium or binary lithium-potassium or lithium-sodium carbonates composition having a thermal expansion of about 1.5 to about 3.5 x 10/sup -5/ in/in-/sup 0/C. The improved molten-carbonate fuel-cell electrolyte - capable of containing 50 to 70 wt % carbonate components to provide high-power densities - is also resistant to physical damage on thermal cycling of the fuel cell. The electrolyte may be reinforced with metallic alloys to provide additional strength characteristics.
Using Ultramicroporous Carbon for the Selective Removal of Nitrate with Capacitive Deionization (2019)

The contamination of water resources with nitrate is a growing and significant problem. Here we report the use of ultramicroporous carbon as a capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode for selectively removing nitrate from an anion mixture. Through moderate activation, we achieve a micropore-size distribution consisting almost exclusively of narrow (<1 nm) pores that are well suited for adsorbing the planar, weakly hydrated nitrate molecule. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal an enhanced capacitance for nitrate when compared to chloride as well as significant ion sieving effects when sulfate is the only anion present. We measure high selectivities (<i>S</i>) of both nitrate over sulfate (<i>S</i><sub>NO<sub>3</sub>/SO<sub>4</sub></sub> = 17.8 ± 3.6 at 0.6 V) and nitrate over chloride (<i>S</i><sub>NO<sub>3</sub>/Cl</sub> = 6.1 ± 0.4 at 0.6 V) when performing a constant voltage CDI separation on 3.33 mM/3.33 mM/1.67 mM Cl/NO<sub>3</sub>/SO<sub>4</sub> feedwater. These results are particularly encouraging considering that a divalent interferant was present in the feed. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the solvation characteristics of these ions to better understand why nitrate is preferentially electrosorbed over sulfate and chloride.
Exploration of fluorescence properties of gold nanoclusters at the single-molecule levels (2014)

Single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) is a powerful and versatile technique that can be utilized to unravel the bio-molecule dynamics and to sense specific bio-molecules with extremely high sensitivity. A key requirement for successfully performing SMS is to incorporate suitable reporters/sensors. When the target molecules interact with them, the signals (such as fluorescence intensity/lifetime) can be changed accordingly. These reporters should be small enough, bio-compatible, non-toxic, and optically stable. Newly emerged fluorescent gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) have been demonstrated to be promising reporters in terms of aforementioned factors. In this work, we will explore their fluorescence properties from the single-molecule viewpoints by using novel fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy. By which, the triplet state dynamics and diffusion process can be observed and the relevant time constant was derived. This work paves a way to use their single-particle fluorescence properties, such as fluorescence lifetime or triplet state dynamics for high-sensitivity bio-sensing in the future.
Tunnel oxide passivated contacts formed by ion implantation for applications in silicon solar cells (2015)

Passivated contacts (poly-Si/SiOx/c-Si) doped by shallow ion implantation are an appealing technology for high efficiency silicon solar cells, especially for interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells where a masked ion implantation facilitates their fabrication. This paper presents a study on tunnel oxide passivated contacts formed by low-energy ion implantation into amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers and examines the influence of the ion species (P, B, or BF2), the ion implantation dose (5 × 1014 cm−2 to 1 × 1016 cm−2), and the subsequent high-temperature anneal (800 °C or 900 °C) on the passivation quality and junction characteristics using double-sided contacted silicon solar cells. Excellent passivation quality is achieved for n-type passivated contacts by P implantations into either intrinsic (undoped) or in-situ B-doped a-Si layers with implied open-circuit voltages (iVoc) of 725 and 720 mV, respectively. For p-type passivated contacts, BF2 implantations into intrinsic a-Si yield well passivated contacts and allow for iVoc of 690 mV, whereas implanted B gives poor passivation with iVoc of only 640 mV. While solar cells featuring in-situ B-doped selective hole contacts and selective electron contacts with P implanted into intrinsic a-Si layers achieved Voc of 690 mV and fill factor (FF) of 79.1%, selective hole contacts realized by BF2 implantation into intrinsic a-Si suffer from drastically reduced FF which is caused by a non-Ohmic Schottky contact. Finally, implanting P into in-situ B-doped a-Si layers for the purpose of overcompensation (counterdoping) allowed for solar cells with Voc of 680 mV and FF of 80.4%, providing a simplified and promising fabrication process for IBC solar cells featuring passivated contacts.
Developments in optical coherence microscopy (2010)

Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM) utilizes a high NA microscope objective in the sample arm to achieve an axially and laterally high resolution OCT image. An increase in NA, however, leads to a dramatically decreased depth of focus (DOF), and hence shortens the imaging depth range so that high lateral resolution is maintained only within a small depth region around the focal plane. One solution to increase the depth of imaging while keeping a high lateral resolution is dynamic-focusing. Utilizing the voltage controlled refocus capability of a liquid lens, we have recently presented a solution for invariant high resolution imaging using the liquid lens embedded within a fixed optics hand-held custom microscope designed specifically for optical imaging systems using a broadband light source centered at 800 nm with a 120 nm bandwidth. Subsequently, we have developed a Gabor-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM) that utilizes the high speed imaging of spectral domain OCT, the high lateral resolution of OCM, and the ability of real time refocusing of our custom design variable focus objective. Finally, key developments in Phase-Resolved Doppler OCT (PR-DOCT) are key enablers to combine high-resolution structural imaging with functional imaging. In this paper we review achievements in GD-OCM and detail how portions of in-focus cross-sectional images can be extracted and fused to form an invariant lateral resolution image with multiple cross-sectional images acquired corresponding to a discrete refocusing step along depth enabled by the varifocal device. We demonstrate sub-cellular resolution imaging of an African frog tadpole (Xenopus Laevis) taken from a 500 μm × 500 μm cross-section as well as cellular imaging in in vivo skin. Finally, A novel dual-detection full-range Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system was developed that provides 7 μm axial resolution (in air) at about 90 kHz axial scan rate for mirror-image phase resolved Doppler imaging in an African frog tadpole and an in vivo human finger.
Development a Statistical Measure for Empirical Mode Decomposition and Hilbert Spectral Analysis and its Applications to Oceanographic Data (2002)

Abstract : To establish a firm mathematical foundation for the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert Spectral Analysis Method. OBJECTIVES: 1, Define statistical metrics and evaluate performance of the Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectral Analysis Method. 2. Apply the method to oceanographic data for interactions along the shelf break during the episodic events under strong wind and the ocean responses.
An expectation maximization approach for formant tracking using a parameter-free non-linear predictor (2003)

This paper presents a new approach for formant tracking using a parameter-free non-linear predictor that maps formant frequencies and bandwidths into the acoustic feature space. The approach relies on decomposing the speech signal into two components: the first component captures the mapping between formants and acoustic observations, while the second component is intended to capture the residual in the signal. We build the mapping by quantizing the formant space and creating a predictor codebook. Formant tracking is achieved by: (1) EM training of the parameters of the residual component, and (2) searching the predictor codebook for the best formant values. We explore both MAP and MMSE methods for performing formant tracking with the proposed approach. Furthermore, we impose first order continuity constraints on formant trajectories, and use Viterbi search to perform formant tracking. We present formant tracking results on data from the Switchboard corpus.
A Surface Acoustic Wave Passive and Wireless Sensor for Magnetic Fields, Temperature, and Humidity (2014)

In this paper, we report an integrated single-chip surface acoustic wave sensor with the capability of measuring magnetic field, temperature, and humidity. The sensor is fabricated using a thermally sensitive LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate, a humidity sensitive hydrogel coating, and a magnetic field sensitive impedance load. The sensor response to individually and simultaneously changing magnetic field, temperature and humidity is characterized by connecting a network analyzer directly to the sensor. Analytical models for each measurand are derived and used to compensate noise due to cross sensitivities. The results show that all three measurands can be monitored in parallel with sensitivities of 75 ppm/°C, 0.13 dB/%R.H. (at 50%R.H.), 0.18 dB/Oe and resolutions of 0.1 °C, 0.4%R.H., 1 Oe for temperature, humidity and magnetic field, respectively. A passive wireless measurement is also conducted on a current line using, which shows the sensors capability to measure both temperature and current signals simultaneously.
Reverse micelles and microemulsions in supercritical fluids (1987)

Reverse micelle and microemulsion solutions are mixtures of a surfactant, a nonpolar fluid and a polar solvent (typically water) which contain organized surfactant assemblies. The properties of a micelle phase in supercritical propane and ethane have been characterized by conductivity, density, and solubility measurements. The phase behavior of surfactant-supercritical fluid solutions is shown to be dependent on pressure, in contrast to liquid systems where pressure has little or no effect. Potential applications of this new class of solvents are discussed. 22 refs., 8 figs.
Monoclonal antibody assays for measuring ovarian tumor antigen in blood. Detection of NB/70K in patients with ovarian cancer and nongynecologic diseases (1988)

Blood levels of human ovarian tumor antigen NB/70K were measured using four different monoclonal anti-NB/70K antibody radioimmunoassays (NB12123, NB12913, NB13834, and NB13831 assays). Four hundred thirty-two blood samples were obtained from apparently disease-free controls, from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors, and from patients with benign nontumorous and malignant diseases of the breast, lung, and gastrointestinal systems. The means, medians, and percent of samples that had elevated levels of NB/70K were calculated for each group of patients or controls for each assay. For all control versus malignant disease comparisons, there were statistically significant differences in all assays. For all benign versus malignant disease comparisons in the ovary, breast, lung, and gastrointestinal systems, there were statistically significant differences in all assays with the exception of the benign versus malignant gastrointestinal disease comparison in the NB12123 assay. Elevated NB/70K levels were detected in blood from ovarian cancer patients, almost all of whom had adenocarcinomas. Elevated NB/70K levels were also detected in blood samples from patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous, and clear cell carcinomas of the lung as well as in adenocarcinoma and ductal carcinoma of the breast. These results indicate that NB/70K is a marker for different pathologic types of malignancies.
End-to-End attention based text-dependent speaker verification (2016)

A new type of End-to-End system for text-dependent speaker verification is presented in this paper. Previously, using the phonetic discriminate/speaker discriminate DNN as a feature extractor for speaker verification has shown promising results. The extracted frame-level (bottleneck, posterior or d-vector) features are equally weighted and aggregated to compute an utterance-level speaker representation (d-vector or i-vector). In this work we use a speaker discriminate CNN to extract the noise-robust frame-level features. These features are smartly combined to form an utterance-level speaker vector through an attention mechanism. The proposed attention model takes the speaker discriminate information and the phonetic information to learn the weights. The whole system, including the CNN and attention model, is joint optimized using an end-to-end criterion. The training algorithm imitates exactly the evaluation process — directly mapping a test utterance and a few target speaker utterances into a single verification score. The algorithm can smartly select the most similar impostor for each target speaker to train the network. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed end-to-end system on Windows 10 “Hey Cortana” speaker verification task.
Supplemental Materials from Detecting the Presence and Progression of Premalignant Lung Lesions via Airway Gene Expression (2023)

<p>Supplemental Methods, Tables, and Figures</p>
Frequent Pattern Compression: A Significance-Based Compression Scheme for L2 Caches (2004)

With the widening gap between processor and memory speeds, memory system designers may find cache compression beneficial to increase cache capacity and reduce off-chip bandwidth. Most hardware compression algorithms fall into the dictionary-based category, which depend on building a dictionary and using its entries to encode repeated data values. Such algorithms are effective in compressing large data blocks and files. Cache lines, however, are typically\nshort (32-256 bytes), and a per-line dictionary places a significant overhead that limits the compressibility and increases decompression latency of such algorithms. For such short lines, significance-based compression is an appealing alternative. We propose and evaluate a simple significance-based compression scheme that has a low compression and decompression overhead. This scheme, Frequent Pattern Compression (FF'C) compresses individual cache lines on a word-by-word basis by storing common word patterns in a compressed format accompanied with an appropriate prefix. For a 64-byte cache line, compression can be completed in three cycles and decompression in five cycles, assuming 12\nF04 gate delays per cycle. We propose a compressed cache design in which data is stored in a compressed form in the L2 caches, but are uncompressed in the L,1 caches. L2 cache lines are compressed to predetermined sizes that never exceed their original size to reduce decompression overhead. This simple scheme provides comparable compression ratios to more complex schemes that have higher cache hit latencies.
End-to-end Verification of Security Enforcement is Fine (Extended version) (2009)

Proving software free of security bugs is hard. Programming language support to ensure that programs correctly enforce their security policies would help, but, to date, no language has the ability to verify the enforcement of the kinds of policies used in practice—dynamic, stateful policies which address a broad range of concerns including forms of access control and information flow tracking. This paper makes two main contributions. First, we present Fine, a new source-level security-typed language that, through the use of a simple module system and dependent, refinement, and affine types, can be used to check the enforcement of dynamic security policies applied to real software. Second, we define DCIL, a small extension to the type system of the .NET Common Intermediate Language, and show how to compile Fine in a type-preserving manner to DCIL. Our approach allows Fine programs to run on stock .NET virtual machines and to interface with .NET libraries. Additionally, our type-preserving compiler allows code consumers to download DCIL programs and check them for security while relying on a small trusted computing base. We have proved our source and target languages sound, our compilation type-preserving, and have made a prototype implementation of our compiler and several example programs available.