gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Y99C Mutation in Guanylyl Cyclase-Activating Protein 1 Increases Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>and Causes Photoreceptor Degeneration in Transgenic Mice (2004)

Guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs) are Ca2+-binding proteins that activate guanylyl cyclase when free Ca2+ concentrations in retinal rods and cones fall after illumination and inhibit the cyclase when free Ca2+ reaches its resting level in the dark. Several forms of retinal dystrophy are caused by mutations in GUCA1A, the gene coding for GCAP1. To investigate the cellular mechanisms affected by the diseased state, we created transgenic mice that express GCAP1 with a Tyr99Cys substitution (Y99C GCAP1) found in human patients with a late-onset retinal dystrophy (Payne et al., 1998). Y99C GCAP1 shifted the Ca2+ sensitivity of the guanylyl cyclase in photoreceptors, keeping it partially active at 250 nM free Ca2+, the normal resting Ca2+ concentration in darkness. The enhanced activity of the cyclase in the dark increased cyclic nucleotide-gated channel activity and elevated the rod outer segment Ca2+ concentration in darkness, measured by using fluo-5F and laser spot microscopy. In different lines of transgenic mice the magnitude of this effect rose with the Y99C GCAP1 expression. Surprisingly, there was little change in the rod photoresponse, indicating that dynamic Ca2+-dependent regulation of cGMP synthesis was preserved. However, the photoreceptors in these mice degenerated, and the rate of the cell loss increased with the level of the transgene expression, unlike in transgenic mice that overexpressed normal GCAP1. These results provide the first direct evidence that a mutation linked to congenital blindness increases Ca2+ in the outer segment, which may trigger the apoptotic process.
Advances in Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme (2017)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients with GBM have poor outcomes, even with the current gold-standard first-line treatment: maximal safe resection combined with radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that advances in antigen-specific cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade in other advanced tumors may provide an appealing promise for immunotherapy in glioma. The future of therapy for GBM will likely incorporate a combinatorial, personalized approach, including current conventional treatments, active immunotherapeutics, plus agents targeting immunosuppressive checkpoints.
Diggit: Automated code review via software repository mining (2018)

We present Diggit, a tool to automatically generate code review comments, offering design guidance on prospective changes, based on insights gained from mining historical changes in source code repositories. We describe how the tool was built and tuned for use in practice as we integrated Diggit into the working processes of an industrial development team. We focus on the developer experience, the constraints that had to be met in adapting academic research to produce a tool that was useful to developers, and the effectiveness of the results in practice.
Chemotherapy: What Progress in the Last 5 Years? (2005)

Docetaxel. By 1999, docetaxel had become the reference agent in metastatic breast cancer, and it remains so in 2004. A randomized trial of 326 patients demonstrated superiority of docetaxel (100 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks) over doxorubicin (75 mg/m 2 every 3 weeks) as single agents in terms of response rate (48% v 33%; P Z .008). Although no survival benefit was evident
Asymmetrical Perceptions" in The Context of Political and Cultural Differences Between East and West (2022)

Comparative politics focuses on the examination of different countries, making comprehensive descriptions and profound explanations. Among them, the difference of political culture between different countries is one of the comparable points. Based on the difference of political culture between China and the West, this paper tries to find out the reasons for the difference of political culture between China and the West and the "asymmetric cognition" in the political and cultural communication between China and the West.
International railgun modelling effort (1997)

The international rail gun modeling community-which includes participants from France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States-is seeking to harmonize national electrical gun simulation codes. The EMAP3D, developed at the Institute for Advanced Technology, was chosen as the U.S. code for the modeling effort. Electromagnetic simulations are performed based on a common problem: shot 18 of the U.S. 25-mm square bore rail gun with an MCA103 armature. The simulation results from participating nations were compared. In this paper, only the U.S. simulation is presented. Numerical results-including current density, magnetic field, temperature, and driving body force density-from simulations with stationary armature and with moving armature are presented along with a discussion of velocity skin effects.
[Memantine can relieve certain symptoms in Parkinson disease. Improvement achieved in two out of three described cases with dyskinesia and cognitive failure]. (2004)

Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease with a reduction of dopamine levels causing the typical symptoms tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural disturbance. After some years with Parkinson's disease patients tend to develop fluctuating symptoms and dyskinesia with involuntary movements--a state difficult to manage. Different pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological strategies are used and being tried. One of these is targeting the dysfunctioning glutamatergic neurotransmitter system through the NMDA-receptors. The NMDA-receptor antagonist amantadine has long been used as an anti-Parkinson drug but also as an anti-dyskinetic drug. Recently, another NMDA-receptor antagonist, memantine, was approved for moderate to severe Alzheimer's dementia in Sweden. We describe the use of memantine on three cognitively impaired, dyskinetic Parkinsonian patients where two seemed to benefit from this medication regarding their dyskinesia.
Abnormal conduction and repolarization in late-activated myocardium of dyssynchronously contracting hearts (2005)

Dyssynchrony even in the absence of LV dysfunction induces regionally specific changes in conduction and repolarization. These changes support a novel mechanism linking mechanical dyssynchrony to persistent electrophysiological remodeling and heterogeneity.
Diameter Overload Indication Conveyance (2015)

This specification defines a base solution for Diameter overload
control, referred to as Diameter Overload Indication Conveyance
(DOIC).
Extremely smooth surface morphology of GaN‐based layers on misoriented GaN substrates for high‐power blue‐violet lasers (2006)

Abstract We have successfully realized a very smooth surface morphology of GaN‐based epitaxial layers on n‐GaN (0001) substrates with the misorientation angle of approximately 0.2° only toward [1¹100] direction, which is confirmed using Nomarski microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In x‐ray diffraction spectra, the narrow width of the satellite peak of superlattices also indicated the smooth surface morphology and abrupt interfaces of the epitaxial layers on the GaN (0001) substrate with the misorientation angle only toward [1 $ \bar 1 $ 00] direction. The realization of smooth surface morphology of the layers grown on GaN (0001) substrates misoriented only towards [1 $ \bar 1 $ 00] direction is considered to be closely related to the anisotropic inplane growth rate. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Collective and single cell behavior in epithelial contact inhibition (2012)

Control of cell proliferation is a fundamental aspect of tissue physiology central to morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer. Although many of the molecular genetic factors are now known, the system level regulation of growth is still poorly understood. A simple form of inhibition of cell proliferation is encountered in vitro in normally differentiating epithelial cell cultures and is known as "contact inhibition." The study presented here provides a quantitative characterization of contact inhibition dynamics on tissue-wide and single cell levels. Using long-term tracking of cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney cells we demonstrate that inhibition of cell division in a confluent monolayer follows inhibition of cell motility and sets in when mechanical constraint on local expansion causes divisions to reduce cell area. We quantify cell motility and cell cycle statistics in the low density confluent regime and their change across the transition to epithelial morphology which occurs with increasing cell density. We then study the dynamics of cell area distribution arising through reductive division, determine the average mitotic rate as a function of cell size, and demonstrate that complete arrest of mitosis occurs when cell area falls below a critical value. We also present a simple computational model of growth mechanics which captures all aspects of the observed behavior. Our measurements and analysis show that contact inhibition is a consequence of mechanical interaction and constraint rather than interfacial contact alone, and define quantitative phenotypes that can guide future studies of molecular mechanisms underlying contact inhibition.
Synthesis of Atomically Thin Boron Films on Copper Foils (2015)

Abstract Two‐dimensional boron materials have recently attracted extensive theoretical interest because of their exceptional structural complexity and remarkable physical and chemical properties. However, such 2D boron monolayers have still not been synthesized. In this report, the synthesis of atomically thin 2D γ‐boron films on copper foils is achieved by chemical vapor deposition using a mixture of pure boron and boron oxide powders as the boron source and hydrogen gas as the carrier gas. Strikingly, the optical band gap of the boron film was measured to be around 2.25 eV, which is close to the value (2.07 eV) determined by first‐principles calculations, suggesting that the γ‐B 28 monolayer is a fascinating direct band gap semiconductor. Furthermore, a strong photoluminescence emission band was observed at approximately 626 nm, which is again due to the direct band gap. This study could pave the way for applications of two‐dimensional boron materials in electronic and photonic devices.
Herpes Simplex Virus Immediate-Early ICP0 Protein Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Inflammatory Responses and NF-κB Signaling (2010)

The discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their importance in the regulation of host responses to infection raised attention to the complex interplay between viral gene products and the host innate immune responses in determining the outcome of virus infection. Robust inflammatory cytokine responses are observed in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected animals and cells. Our studies have demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation by HSV results in NF-κB activation with concomitant inflammatory cytokine production and that TLR2 activation plays a critical role in HSV-induced pathology and mortality. Here we demonstrate that the HSV-1 immediate-early ICP0 protein reduces the TLR2-mediated inflammatory response to HSV 1 (HSV-1) infection. Expression of ICP0 alone is sufficient to block TLR2-driven responses to both viral and nonviral ligands at or downstream of the MyD88 adaptor and upstream of p65. ICP0 alone can also reduce the levels of MyD88 and Mal (TIRAP). In HSV-infected cells, the E3 ligase function of ICP0 and cellular proteasomal activity are required for the inhibitory activity. Our results argue for a model in which ICP0 promotes the degradation of TLR adaptor molecules and inhibition of the inflammatory response, much as it inhibits the interferon response by sequestration and degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3).
FTY720/Cyclosporine Regimens in De Novo Renal Transplantation: A 1-Year Dose-Finding Study (2006)

FTY720 is a novel immunomodulator being investigated for rejection prophylaxis in renal transplantation when combined with full-dose cyclosporine (CsA; FDC). This 1-year phase II study compared FTY720 plus FDC (Neoral) with FTY720 plus reduced-dose CsA (RDC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) plus FDC in de novo renal transplant patients. Patients were randomized 2:2:2:1 to FTY720 5 mg plus RDC (n = 72); FTY720 2.5 mg plus RDC (n = 74); FTY720 2.5 mg plus FDC (n = 76); or MMF plus FDC (n = 39) for 12 months. CsA exposure in the RDC group was reduced on average by 50% as assessed by C(2) monitoring. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), graft loss, death or premature study discontinuation. The incidences for this composite endpoint were 24% and 22%, respectively, for FTY720 5 mg plus RDC and FTY720 2.5 mg plus FDC versus 39% for MMF plus FDC. Patients receiving FTY720 2.5 mg plus RDC were discontinued from treatment due to risk of under-immunosuppression. FTY720 2.5 mg plus FDC and FTY720 5 mg plus RDC were safe and effective in de novo renal transplant patients over 12 months.
Innovative test method for validating image quality performance of automotive lenses over operating temperature range (2020)

The use of electronic imaging systems in the automotive industry has increased dramatically as a result of the wide spread implementation of optical-based safety systems and driver assistance features in new vehicles. The challenging environmental requirements for automotive cameras have given rise to the need for image quality testing of these cameras over a wide range of operating temperatures. Functional and survivability testing of camera assemblies is relatively straightforward and may be carried out in conventional environmental chambers, but assessing the imaging performance of the lens over temperature is critical in evaluating whether hardware performance meets design intent and presents a much more challenging metrology problem. The lens must be contained within a chamber, but the chamber itself must not adversely contribute to the image quality being assessed. Measures must also be taken to prevent condensation in the optical path when operating below the ambient dew point. Additionally, careful consideration must go into the measurement of defocus over temperature – which is the critical metric in temperature testing – to ensure that the chamber is not contributing to the measured focus shift. In this paper, we describe an innovative system that takes these challenges into account and enables users to measure lens image quality metrics over a temperature range of -25°C to 105°C. This system has evolved over the past few years from a strictly in-house laboratory setup to a recently released commercial product, and we will present results from our extensive testing that show good correlation of measurements to modeled behavior.
Series of Highly Stable Isoreticular Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks with Expanding Pore Size and Tunable Luminescent Properties (2015)

A series of highly porous isoreticular lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks (LnMOFs) denoted as SUMOF-7I to SUMOF-7IV (SU = Stockholm University; Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) have been synthesized using tritopic carboxylates as the organic linkers. The SUMOF-7 materials display one-dimensional pseudohexagonal channels with the pore diameter gradually enlarged from 8.4 to 23.9 Å, as a result of increasing sizes of the organic linkers. The structures have been solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction or rotation electron diffraction (RED) combined with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The SUMOF-7 materials exhibit robust architectures with permanent porosity. More importantly, they exhibit exceptionally high thermal and chemical stability. We show that, by inclusion of organic dye molecules, the luminescence properties of the MOFs can be elaborated and modulated, leading to promising applications in sensing and optics.
K-Pax2: Bayesian identification of cluster-defining amino acid positions in large sequence datasets (2015)

The recent growth in publicly available sequence data has introduced new opportunities for studying microbial evolution and spread. Because the pace of sequence accumulation tends to exceed the pace of experimental studies of protein function and the roles of individual amino acids, statistical tools to identify meaningful patterns in protein diversity are essential. Large sequence alignments from fast-evolving micro-organisms are particularly challenging to dissect using standard tools from phylogenetics and multivariate statistics because biologically relevant functional signals are easily masked by neutral variation and noise. To meet this need, a novel computational method is introduced that is easily executed in parallel using a cluster environment and can handle thousands of sequences with minimal subjective input from the user. The usefulness of this kind of machine learning is demonstrated by applying it to nearly 5000 haemagglutinin sequences of influenza A/H3N2.Antigenic and 3D structural mapping of the results show that the method can recover the major jumps in antigenic phenotype that occurred between 1968 and 2013 and identify specific amino acids associated with these changes. The method is expected to provide a useful tool to uncover patterns of protein evolution.
Flax Fiber Hydrophobic Extract Inhibits Human Skin Cells Inflammation and Causes Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix and Wound Closure Activation (2015)

Inflammation is the basis of many diseases, with chronic wounds amongst them, limiting cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Our previous preclinical study of flax fiber applied as a wound dressing and analysis of its components impact on the fibroblast transcriptome suggested flax fiber hydrophobic extract use as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing preparation. The extract contains cannabidiol (CBD), phytosterols, and unsaturated fatty acids, showing great promise in wound healing. In in vitro proliferation and wound closure tests the extract activated cell migration and proliferation. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases in skin cells was increased, suggesting activation of extracellular components remodeling. The expression of cytokines was diminished by the extract in a cannabidiol-dependent manner, but β-sitosterol can act synergistically with CBD in inflammation inhibition. Extracellular matrix related genes were also analyzed, considering their importance in further stages of wound healing. The extract activated skin cell matrix remodeling, but the changes were only partially cannabidiol- and β-sitosterol-dependent. The possible role of fatty acids also present in the extract is suggested. The study shows the hydrophobic flax fiber components as wound healing activators, with anti-inflammatory cannabidiol acting in synergy with sterols, and migration and proliferation promoting agents, some of which still require experimental identification.
Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study (1993)

The authors studied the long-term effect of transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) using the Prostratron device on 30 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The maximum power output was 45 W, and the temperature within the prostate was expected to rise above 45 degrees C. The efficacy was evaluated using a specially designed scoring system based on both subjective symptoms and objective findings. Assuming that more than a 25% reduction of the total score indicates "effective," 80%, 70%, 63%, and 57% of the treatments remained effective at 8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after TUMT, respectively. There were no major complications associated with TUMT during the follow-up period. Our results indicate that TUMT is an effective and long-lasting (at least 2 years) nonsurgical treatment in approximately 60% of patients.
Detection and Resolution of Data Inconsistencies, and Data Integration using Data Quality Criteria. (2004)

In the processes and optimization of information integration, such as query processing, query planning and hierarchical structuring of results to the user, we argue that user quality priorities, data inconsistencies and data quality differences among the participating sources have not been fully addressed. We propose the development of a Data Quality Manager (DQM) to establish communication between the process of integration of information, the user and the application, to deal with semantic heterogeneity and data quality. DQM will contain a Reference Model, a Measurement Model, and an Assessment Model to define the quality criteria, the metrics and the assessment methods. DQM will also help in query planning by considering data quality estimations to find the best combination for the execution plan. After query execution, and detection of inconsistent data, data quality might also be used to perform data inconsistency resolution. Integration and ranking of query results using quality criteria defined by the user will be an outcome of this process. Index Terms — Data Quality, Heterogeneous Databases, Information Integration, Information Quality, Semantic Integration. —————————— ——————————
High-power ultrasonic processing: Recent developments and prospective advances (2010)

Although the application of ultrasonic energy to produce or to enhance a wide variety of processes have been explored since about the middle of the 20th century, only a reduced number of ultrasonic processes have been established at industrial level. However, during the last ten years the interest in ultrasonic processing has revived particularly in industrial sectors where the ultrasonic technology may represent a clean and efficient tool to improve classical existing processes or an innovation alternative for the development of new processes. Such seems to be the case of relevant sectors such as food industry, environment, pharmaceuticals and chemicals manufacture, machinery, mining, etc where power ultrasound is becoming an emerging technology for process development. The possible major problem in the application of high-intensity ultrasound on industrial processing is the design and development of efficient power ultrasonic systems (generators and reactors) capable of large scale successful operation specifically adapted to each individual process. In the area of ultrasonic processing in fluid media and more specifically in gases, the development of the steppedplate transducers and other power ge with extensive radiating surface has strongly contributed to the implementation at semi-industrial and industrial stage of several commercial applications, in sectors such as food and beverage industry (defoaming, drying, extraction, etc), environment (air cleaning, sludge filtration, etc...), machinery and process for manufacturing (textile washing, paint manufacture, etc). The development of different cavitational reactors for liquid treatment in continuous flow is helping to introduce into industry the wide potential of the area of sonochemistry. Processes such as water and effluent treatment, crystallization, soil remediation, etc have been already implemented at semi-industrial and/or industrial stage. Other single advances in sectors like mining or energy have also to be mentioned. The objective of this paper is to review some recent developments in ultrasonic processing to show the present situation and the prospective progresses of high-power ultrasonics as an innovative technology in many industrial sectors.