gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
40.8% efficient inverted triple-junction solar cell with two independently metamorphic junctions (2008)

A photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 40.8% at 326 suns concentration is demonstrated in a monolithically grown, triple-junction III–V solar cell structure in which each active junction is composed of an alloy with a different lattice constant chosen to maximize the theoretical efficiency. The semiconductor structure was grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy in an inverted configuration with a 1.83 eV Ga.51In.49P top junction lattice-matched to the GaAs substrate, a metamorphic 1.34 eV In.04Ga.96As middle junction, and a metamorphic 0.89 eV In.37Ga.63As bottom junction. The two metamorphic junctions contained approximately 1×105 cm−2 and 2–3×106 cm−2 threading dislocations, respectively.
Plasmodium falciparum polypeptides associated with the infected erythrocyte plasma membrane. (1986)

Plasmodium falciparum proteins associated with plasma membranes of infected erythrocytes were identified by using three techniques: isolated plasma membranes from infected and uninfected erythrocytes were compared by gel electrophoresis and silver staining; isolated plasma membranes from cells metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine were assayed by gel electrophoresis; and uninfected and infected intact erythrocytes were surface-labeled by lactoperoxidase iodination, and the labeled polypeptides were compared by gel electrophoresis. The results from these experiments indicate that at least six parasite-derived polypeptides (Mr = greater than 240,000, 150,000, 55,000, 45,000, 35,000, and 20,000) are associated with the infected erythrocyte plasma membrane. At least four of these peptides (Mr = 55,000, 45,000, 35,000, and 20,000) may be exposed on the surface of the infected erythrocytes.
NAD(P)H Oxidase Nox-4 Mediates 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (2004)

The mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic action of oxysterols in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis still remain poorly understood. Among the major oxysterols present in oxidized low-density lipoprotein, we show here that 7-ketocholesterol (7-Kchol) induces oxidative stress and/or apoptotic events in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). This specific effect of 7-Kchol is mediated by a robust upregulation (threefold from the basal level) of Nox-4, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating NAD(P)H oxidase homologue. This effect was highlighted by silencing Nox-4 expression with a specific small interfering RNA, which significantly reduced the 7-Kchol-induced production of ROS and abolished apoptotic events. Furthermore, the 7-Kchol activating pathway included an early triggering of endoplasmic reticulum stress, as assessed by transient intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations, and the induction of the expression of the cell death effector CHOP and of GRP78/Bip chaperone via the activation of IRE-1, all hallmarks of the unfolded protein response (UPR). We also showed that 7-Kchol activated the IRE-1/Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)/AP-1 signaling pathway to promote Nox-4 expression. Silencing of IRE-1 and JNK inhibition downregulated Nox-4 expression and subsequently prevented the UPR-dependent cell death induced by 7-Kchol. These findings demonstrate that Nox-4 plays a key role in 7-Kchol-induced SMC death, which is consistent with the hypothesis that Nox-4/oxysterols are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Use of Lipid Nanocarriers to Improve Oral Delivery of Vitamins (2019)

The chemical environment and enzymes in the gastrointestinal (GI) membrane limit the oral absorption of some vitamins. The GI epithelium also contributes to the poor permeability of numerous antioxidant agents. Thus, lipophilic vitamins do not readily dissolve in the GI tract, and therefore they have low bioavailability. Nanomedicine has the potential to improve the delivery efficiency of oral vitamins. In particular, the use of lipid nanocarriers for certain vitamins that are administered orally can provide improved solubility, chemical stability, epithelium permeability and bioavailability, half-life, nidus targeting, and fewer adverse effects. These lipid nanocarriers include self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs), nanoemulsions, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The use of nontoxic excipients and sophisticated material engineering of lipid nanosystems allows for control of the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and improved GI permeation via mucosal or lymphatic transport. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of lipid nanocarriers for vitamin delivery. In addition, the same lipid nanocarriers used for vitamins may also be effective as carriers of vitamin derivatives, and therefore enhance their oral bioavailability. One example is the incorporation of d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as the emulsifier in lipid nanocarriers to increase the solubility and inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. We also survey the concepts and discuss the mechanisms of nanomedical techniques that are used to develop vitamin-loaded nanocarriers.
Serum α(1 → 3)-L-fucosyltransferase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and sialyl lewis X-i antigen levels in lung cancer (1989)

Serum alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activity was measured in 58 patients with lung cancer, 27 benign diseases, and in 100 healthy controls. The levels of enzyme activity were significantly higher in the sera of patients with cancer when compared to those in benign diseases and healthy controls. The elevation of the enzyme activity correlated with the clinical stages and to the size of the primary tumors. Follow-up studies with various stages showed that the enzyme activity was useful in tracking the clinical course of disease after surgery. To evaluate the usefulness of this enzyme as a diagnostic marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and sialyl Lewis X-i antigen levels were also measured. The results indicate that alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase could be a more specific tumor marker than such tumor-associated antigens in lung cancer.
Identification of Chimeric αβγ Diterpene Synthases Possessing both Type II Terpene Cyclase and Prenyltransferase Activities (2017)

Two unusual diterpene synthases composed of three domains (α, β, and γ) were identified from fungal Penicillium species. They are the first enzymes found to possess both type II terpene cyclase (TC) and prenyltransferase (PT) activities. These enzymes were characterized by heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae and in vitro experiments with wild-type, mutated, and truncated enzymes. The results revealed that the α domain in the C-terminal region of these enzymes was responsible for the PT activity, whereas the βγ domains in the N-terminal region composed the type II TC, and formed copalyl diphosphate (2). Additionally, between the α and βγ domains, there is a characteristic linker region, in which minimal secondary structure is predicted. This linker does not exist in the characterized three-domain (αβγ) terpene synthases known as monofunctional type I or type II TCs, or bifunctional type I and type II TC enzymes. Therefore, both the catalytic activities and protein architecture substantially differentiate these new enzymes from the previously characterized terpene synthases.
Fast and Robust Computation of Low-Thrust Orbit-Raising Trajectories (2018)

This paper presents a new dynamic model of a thrusting spacecraft, and the model is used for computing low-thrust orbit-raising trajectories to the geosynchronous equatorial orbit. Low-thrust orbit raising is a challenging problem, owing to numerous revolutions and multiple eclipses encountered during the long transfer. The paper also presents a mathematical framework that poses the orbit-raising problem as a sequence of multiple unconstrained optimization subproblems, with each subproblem attempting to minimize the deviation of the spacecraft’s orbit from geosynchronous equatorial orbit at the end of one revolution. We demonstrate the application of the developed framework through numerical examples corresponding to planar and nonplanar orbit-raising scenarios. Simulation studies indicate that orbit-raising scenarios can be solved quickly and demonstrate robust convergence, without requiring the need for any user-input initial guess. This advantage is obtained at the cost of suboptimality of the generated solutions, and an estimate of the optimality gap is provided by comparing the computed solutions with those available in the literature.
Breakdown of the Cerebrovasculature and Blood-Brain Barrier: A Mechanistic Link Between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease (2016)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are among the most pervasive and devastating disorders that afflict people throughout the world. Although typically associated with older demographics, recent epidemiologic studies have reported parallel trends in decreasing age of onset and increasing incidence of these conditions. Promising research continues to implicate the cerebrovasculature and blood-brain barrier (BBB) as playing key roles in AD pathoetiology. Similarly, complications accompanying DM, such as diabetic nephropathy/retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, have been rooted in vascular compromise. Not surprisingly, DM is now considered a major risk factor for AD. The purpose of this review is to highlight investigations into the role of the cerebrovasculature in the development and progression of AD. We give particular attention to studies on humans and a variety of animal model systems that have demonstrated a link between BBB dysfunction and pathological changes in the brain consistent with aging and AD. Together, these studies suggest that the vascular complications associated with chronic, poorly managed DM can lead to subclinical BBB breakdown that precedes and drives the pathological changes progressing to symptomatic AD, providing a common mechanistic thread connecting these two disorders. Furthermore, this emphasizes the need to focus on the vasculature as a potential therapeutic target with the intent of limiting BBB breakdown involved in disease initiation and progression. In conclusion, AD may be more than just an associated comorbidity of DM, and instead another manifestation of the underlying vascular pathology that is common to both.
The SHIFT programming language for dynamic networks of hybrid automata (1998)

SHIFT is a programming language for describing and simulating dynamic networks of hybrid automata. Such systems consist of components which can be created, interconnected, and destroyed as the system evolves. Components exhibit hybrid behavior, e.g. continuous-time phases separated by instantaneous discrete-event transitions. Components may evolve independently, or they may interact through selected state variables and events. The interaction network itself may evolve. The SHIFT model and language were motivated by our need for tools that support dynamically reconfigurable hybrid systems. Our primary application is the specification and analysis of different designs for automatic control of vehicles and highway systems. From our previous experience in modeling, analysis, and implementation, we adopted the hybrid systems approach for modeling the system components. Since spatial relationships between vehicles change as they move, our application is characterized by a dynamically changing network of interactions between system components. SHIFT has also since been used in coordinated autonomous submarines, air traffic control systems, and material handling systems. We examine other work related to the SHIFT approach. In we describe the main features of the SHIFT language-states, inputs, outputs, differential equations, and algebraic definitions, discrete states, and state transitions. We give a simplified version of the SHIFT model. We discuss the models of a type, a component, and the world and give the formal semantics of the model.
PanoVR SDK—a software development kit for integrating photo-realistic panoramic images and 3-D graphical objects into virtual worlds (1997)

Article PanoVR SDK—a software development kit for integrating photo-realistic panoramic images and 3-D graphical objects into virtual worlds Share on Authors: Cheng-Chin Chiang Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.View Profile , Alex Huang Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.View Profile , Tsing-Shin Wang View Profile , Matthew Huang View Profile , Yunn-Yen Chen Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.View Profile , Jun-Wei Hsieh View Profile , Ju-Wei Chen View Profile , Tse Cheng Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Advanced Technology Center, Computer and Communication Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.View Profile Authors Info & Claims VRST '97: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technologySeptember 1997 Pages 147–154https://doi.org/10.1145/261135.261162Online:01 September 1997Publication History 8citation641DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads641Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Bootstrapping Information Extraction from Field Books (2007)

We present two machine learning approaches to information extraction from semi-structured documents that can be used if no annotated training data are available, but there does exist a database filled with information derived from the type of documents to be processed. One approach employs standard supervised learning for information extraction by artificially constructing labelled training data from the contents of the database. The second approach combines unsupervised Hidden Markov modelling with language models. Empirical evaluation of both systems suggests that it is possible to bootstrap a field segmenter from a database alone. The combination of Hidden Markov and language modelling was found to perform best at this task.
Amorphous Carbon-Coated Tin Anode Material for Lithium Secondary Battery (2005)

A uniform amorphous carbon coating on the tin nanoparticles was prepared from aqueous glucose solutions using a hydrothermal method at 180 °C, which facilitated an enhanced dimensional stability during Li alloying/dealloying. This material showed excellent initial capacity and capacity retention, 681 mAh/g and 98% retention after 50 cycles, respectively.
Infections Associated with Use of the LifeSite Hemodialysis Access System (2002)

We observed infection rates associated with the LifeSite Hemodialysis Access System, a novel dialysis device consisting of 2 subcutaneously implanted valves accessed by repeated use of fibrous tissue tracts, of 4.8 total infections and 8.1 first episodes per 1000 patient-days. These rates are higher than those observed elsewhere, which may be related to use of the device in a population of chronically ill patients, to the learning curve associated with use of the device, or to inherent qualities of the device.
The next frontier for communications networks: power management (2003)

Performance evaluation is used to gain an understanding of how to make the best use of scarce resources. Storage, memory, processing, and communications bandwidth are all relatively plentiful and inexpensive. What is the next frontier for communications networks and performance evaluation? I will argue that it is power management to achieve cost-effective operation. In the past few years, entirely new network protocols have been developed for battery-hungry sensor networks. But, what about the existing Internet? Estimates place the Internet as consuming from 2% to 8% of the total electricity produced in the USA - much of this power consumption is unnecessary. Do our “always on” desktop computers really need to be fully powered-up all the time? What can be done to achieve power-savings in these computers? The goal is to eliminate unnecessary energy usage by desktop computers in the near future and by networked embedded systems in the longer term. Traffic characterization is the first step towards this goal. Traffic characterization at inter-flow, intra-flow, and protocol levels is being done to investigate power management. The resulting savings achievable from relatively simple power management schemes are measured in TWh per year - or roughly equivalent to the electricity generated by one nuclear power plant. This is cost-effectiveness on a large scale!
8 b 75 M sample/s 70 mW parallel pipelined ADC incorporating double sampling (2002)

This 8b pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) incorporates double sampling into the residue signal path of a 1.5b-per-stage architecture to effectively double the throughput of the ADC for a given analog power consumption. Residue amplifiers and sub-ADC comparators are shared between two time-interleaved channels and the sampling capacitors in the second stage are scaled in order to reduce power consumption. The ADC presented here achieves 75 MSamples/s while consuming 70 mW. The converter measures 5.5 mm/sup 2/ and is fabricated in a 3.3 V 0.5 /spl mu/m digital CMOS process with four levels of metal and no special mask layers for passive components.
The miR-17/92 cluster: a comprehensive update on its genomics, genetics, functions and increasingly important and numerous roles in health and disease (2013)

The miR-17/92 cluster is among the best-studied microRNA clusters. Interest in the cluster and its members has been increasing steadily and the number of publications has grown exponentially since its discovery with more than 1000 articles published in 2012 alone. Originally found to be involved in tumorigenesis, research work in recent years has uncovered unexpected roles for its members in a wide variety of settings that include normal development, immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In light of its ever-increasing importance and ever-widening regulatory roles, we review here the latest body of knowledge on the cluster's involvement in health and disease as well as provide a novel perspective on the full spectrum of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts that are likely regulated by its members.
Ensemble Learning Approach to Retinal Thickness Assessment in Optical Coherence Tomography (2021)

Manual assessment of the retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography images is a time-consuming task, prone to error and inter-observer variability. The wide variability of the retinal appearance makes the automation of retinal image processing a challenging problem to tackle. The difficulty is even more accentuated in practice when the retinal tissue exhibits large structural changes due to disruptive pathology. In this work, we propose an ensemble-learning-based method for the automated segmentation of retinal boundaries in optical coherence tomography images that is robust to retinal abnormalities. The segmentation accuracy of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on two publicly available datasets that included cases of severe retinal edema. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method was compared to two existing methods, widely referenced in the relevant literature. The proposed algorithm outperformed reference methods at segmenting the retinal boundaries in both normal and pathological images. Furthermore, a thorough reliability analysis showed a strong agreement between the retinal thickness measurements derived from the segmentation obtained with the proposed method and corresponding manual measurements computed with the manual annotations.
Molecular architecture via coordination: self-assembly of cyclic cationic porphyrin aggregates via transition-metal bisphosphane auxiliaries (1997)

Self-assembly and non-covalent interactions are employed for the preparation of a new family of cationic artificial supramolecular multiporphyrin aggregates incorporating Pd II and Pt II bisphosphane complexes as auxiliaries.
Signaling of the Tissue Factor Coagulation Pathway in Angiogenesis and Cancer (2005)

Activation of coagulation precedes or coincides with angiogenesis in wound healing and postischemic tissue regeneration. Advanced cancer is associated with a hypercoagulable state, and tissue factor expression by cancer cells has received widespread attention because of its significant contribution to the pathogenesis of cancer progression and metastasis. Our recent work demonstrates that tissue factor-mediated cellular signaling is relevant to cancer angiogenesis. Here we review the molecular mechanisms of tissue factor pathways in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis with emphasis on the intriguing role for tissue factor cytoplasmic domain signaling.
Management of trichobezoar: case report and literature review (2010)

Trichobezoars (hair ball) are usually located in the stomach, but may extend through the pylorus into the duodenum and small bowel (Rapunzel syndrome). They are almost always associated with trichotillomania and trichophagia or other psychiatric disorders. In the literature several treatment options are proposed, including removal by conventional laparotomy, laparoscopy and endoscopy. We present our experience with four patients and provide a review of the recent literature. According to our experience and in line with the published results, conventional laparotomy is still the treatment of choice. In addition, psychiatric consultation is necessary to prevent relapses.
Compressed sensing of wireless channels in time, frequency, and space (2008)

Training-based channel estimation involves probing of the channel in time, frequency, and space by the transmitter with known signals, and estimation of channel parameters from the output signals at the receiver. Traditional training-based methods, often comprising of maximum likelihood estimators, are known to be optimal under the assumption of rich multipath channels. Numerous measurement campaigns have shown, however, that physical multipath channels exhibit a sparse structure in angle-delay-Doppler, especially at large signal space dimensions. In this paper, key ideas from the emerging theory of compressed sensing are leveraged to: (i) propose new methods for efficient estimation of sparse multi-antenna channels, and (ii) show that explicitly accounting for multipath sparsity in channel estimation can result in significant performance improvements when compared with existing training-based methods.
Safety of an Alkalinizing Buffer Designed for Inhaled Medications in Humans (2013)

Alkalinization of airway lining fluid is accomplished with inhalation of alkaline glycine buffer and causes no adverse effects on pulmonary function or vital signs.