gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Result of HER2 status in Japanese metastatic gastric cancer: Prospective cohort study (JFMC44-1101). (2013)

10 Background: Randomized phase III (ToGA trial) has demonstrated that the addition of trastuzumab to standard chemotherapy improved overall survival in patients (pts) with HER2-positive metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). In screening of the ToGA trial, HER2 positivity rate was 22.1 % in total, but the rates varies between countries. Therefore, to determine the HER2 incidence rate in Japanese mGC, we planned prospective cohort study JFMC44-1101. Methods: JFMC44-1101 is a multicenter epidemiological trial assessing HER2 status in Japan. Patients with histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma, not suitable for curative resection were eligible. HER2 status was centrally assessed both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues from tumor. HER2 positive is defined as either IHC3+ or FISH+ in accordance with ToGA trial. Overall and subgroup estimates calculated with 95%CI. Results: Between September 2011 to June 2012, 1466 pts were registered from 157 sites. Patients characteristics were; gender (M/F):1044/422, median age (min-max): 68 (25-99), advance / recurrence: 1068 / 398. Samples are 768 from biopsy and 698 from excision. In August 2012, 1427/1466 pts were assessed. Overall, HER2 positivity was 20.5% (293 pts). Each IHC status (0/1+/2+/3+) with FISH+ was 3.0% / 11.3% / 46.9% / 97.2%, respectively. The frequency of IHC 0/1+ with FISH+ was almost as high as IHC 2+ with FISH+ (5.6%/4.2%). HER2 positivity rate of background factors were; male/female:23.6%/14.3%, biopsy/ excision: 22.7%/19.0%, advance / recurrence: 21.6%/17.6%. Conclusions: JFMC44-1101 confirmed the incidence of HER2 positivity in Japanese mGC. HER2-positivity rate and HER2 status were similar to the ToGA screening population. Clinical trial information: UMIN000006190.
Specific Involvement of Pilus Type 2a in Biofilm Formation in Group B Streptococcus (2010)

Streptococcus agalactiae is the primary colonizer of the anogenital mucosa of up to 30% of healthy women and can infect newborns during delivery and cause severe sepsis and meningitis. Persistent colonization usually involves the formation of biofilm and increasing evidences indicate that in pathogenic streptococci biofilm formation is mediated by pili. Recently, we have characterized pili distribution and conservation in 289 GBS clinical isolates and we have shown that GBS has three pilus types, 1, 2a and 2b encoded by three corresponding pilus islands, and that each strain carries one or two islands. Here we have investigated the capacity of these strains to form biofilms. We have found that most of the biofilm-formers carry pilus 2a, and using insertion and deletion mutants we have confirmed that pilus type 2a, but not pilus types 1 and 2b, confers biofilm-forming phenotype. We also show that deletion of the major ancillary protein of type 2a did not impair biofilm formation while the inactivation of the other ancillary protein and of the backbone protein completely abolished this phenotype. Furthermore, antibodies raised against pilus components inhibited bacterial adherence to solid surfaces, offering new strategies to prevent GBS infection by targeting bacteria during their initial attachment to host epithelial cells.
Input-Splitting of Large Neural Networks for Power-Efficient Accelerator with Resistive Crossbar Memory Array (2018)

Resistive Crossbar memory Arrays (RCA) have been gaining interest as a promising platform to implement Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). One of the major challenges in RCA-based design is that the number of rows in an RCA is often smaller than the number of input neurons in a layer. Previous works used high-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) to compute the partial weighted sum in each array and merged partial sums from multiple arrays outside the RCAs. However, such approach suffers from significant power consumption due to the need for high-resolution ADCs. In this paper, we propose a methodology to more efficiently construct a large CNN with multiple RCAs. By splitting the input feature map and retraining the CNN with proper initialization, we demonstrate that any CNN model can be represented with multiple arrays without using intermediate partial sums. The experimental results show that the ADC power of the proposed design is 32x smaller and the total chip power of the proposed design is 3x smaller than those of the baseline design.
An adaptive Bayesian network for texture modelling (1993)

Bayesian methods are used to analyse the problem of training a model to make predictions about the distribution of data that has yet to be received. Mixture distributions emerge naturally from this framework, but are not well-matched to high-dimensional problems such as arise image processing applications. An extension to partitioned mixture distributions (PMD) is presented, which is essentially a set of overlapping mixture distributions, and an expectation-maximisation training algorithm is derived. Finally, the results of some numerical simulations are presented, which demonstrate that lateral inhibition arises naturally in PMDs, and that the nodes in a PMD co-operate in such a way that each mixture distribution receives a full complement of what is needed for it to compute a mixture distribution.
Dynamic Resource Allocation Framework for MooD (MBMS Operation On-Demand) (2016)

The demand for mobile video is increasing every year. To address the strain on long term evolution (LTE) networks 3GPP introduced multimedia broadcast multicast operation (MBMS). As of LTE release 12, support for MBMS operation on-demand (MooD) was also added (MooD enables dynamic resource configuration of multicast flows). While multicast algorithms assuage the demands on the network, quality-of-service performance metrics no longer are considered an accurate measure of a user's satisfaction with the network; recent multimedia studies show that quality-of-experience (QoE) is more accurate. In order to maximize the QoE of all users in a LTE MooD system, we propose two resource allocation algorithms, both of which efficiently allocate resource blocks (RBs) based on both the demand for each live video stream and the channel conditions of the users within each group. We also compare our resource allocation algorithms against four other commonly used resource allocation algorithms. Both of our algorithms achieve a higher QoE and video quality, when compared to other commonly used resource allocation algorithms. Furthermore, our algorithms demonstrate efficient resource allocation regardless of whether or not the RBs are sufficient.
Stepwise PEG synthesis featuring deprotection and coupling in one pot (2021)

The stepwise synthesis of monodisperse polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives usually involves using an acid-labile protecting group such as DMTr and coupling the two PEG moieties together under basic Williamson ether formation conditions. Using this approach, each elongation of PEG is achieved in three steps - deprotection, deprotonation and coupling - in two pots. Here, we report a more convenient approach for PEG synthesis featuring the use of a base-labile protecting group such as the phenethyl group. Using this approach, each elongation of PEG can be achieved in two steps - deprotection and coupling - in only one pot. The deprotonation step, and the isolation and purification of the intermediate product after deprotection using existing approaches are no longer needed when the one-pot approach is used. Because the stepwise PEG synthesis usually requires multiple PEG elongation cycles, the new PEG synthesis method is expected to significantly lower PEG synthesis cost.
Mining GPS data for extracting significant places (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of safety in mining applications. It presents new metrics that can be used to determine dangerous situations during mine operation in real time. It also presents a fast and robust algorithm for extracting significant places from information logged by a state-of-the-art collision avoidance system. Determining significant places provides valuable context information in a variety of applications such as map building, vehicle tracking and user assistance. In our case, we are interested in obtaining context information as a preliminary step towards improving mining safety. The algorithm presented here is validated with experimental data obtained from a fleet of haulage vehicles operating in various open pit mines.
Three-dimensional automatic precision measurement system by liquid-crystal plate on moire topography (1991)

Moiré topography method is a well-known noncontacting 3-D measurement method. At present, the automatic 3-D measurement by moiré topography has been required since the method was frequently applied to the engineering and medical fields. Still the method has not been automated. In particular, it is difficult to automate the grid illumination type of moiré topography, which is operated easier than the grid projection type of moiré-topography method, because the grid illumination type is constructed only by one grating. In this study, a new 3-D precision measurement system by using the liquid crystal plate on the grid illumination type is proposed. In this system, the phase of moiré fringes is measured by the fringe scanning method, sequentially the fringe order number of moiré fringes is detected by the light-section method, and finally the profile of the measured object is calculated numerically from the phase and the fringe order number of moiré fringes by a micro-computer. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the system is about 1/60 fringe and that the measurement of the plane with steps can be automatically performed.
A low-cost output response analyzer for the built-in-self-test Σ-Δ modulator based on the controlled sine wave fitting method (2009)

This paper proposes a low-cost output response analyzer (ORA) for the built-in-self-test (BIST) ¿-¿ ADC based on the controlled sine wave fitting (CSWF) method. The ADC under test (AUT) is composed of a design-for-digital-testability (DfDT) second-order ¿-¿ modulator and a decimation filter. The CSWF BIST procedure requests an ORA to accept the output of the AUT and calculates the offset, the amplitude of the stimulus tone response, and the total-harmonic-distortion-and-noise (THD+N) power in three successive BIST steps respectively. Each BIST step needs an accumulator to conduct the specified BIST function. By sharing an accumulator for every BIST step, the proposed ORA design contains only 1.9 k gates without loss of computational accuracy. The hardware is only 34% of the original design. Simulation results show that the proposed ORA presents accurate SNDR results for the 1 kHz tests.
Resolution and pharmacological analysis of the voltage-dependent calcium channels of Drosophila larval muscles (1995)

Voltage-dependent calcium channels play a role in many cellular phenomena. Very little is known about Ca2+ channels in Drosophila, especially those in muscles. Existing literature on neuronal Ca2+ channels of Drosophila suggests that their pharmacology may be distinct from that of vertebrate Ca2+ channels. This raises questions on the pharmacology and diversity of Ca2+ channels in Drosophila muscles. Here we show that the Ca2+ channel current in the body-wall muscles of Drosophila larvae consists of two main components. One component is sensitive to 1,4-dihydropyridines and diltiazem, which block vertebrate L-type Ca2+ channels. The second component is sensitive to amiloride, which blocks vertebrate T-type Ca2+ channels. In contrast to Drosophila brain membrane preparations in which a majority of the Ca2+ channels are phenylalkylamine-sensitive but dihydropyridine-insensitive, the major current in the muscles was dihydropyridine-sensitive but relatively less sensitive to verapamil. This might indicate an underlying tissue specific distribution of distinct subtypes of dihydropyridine/phenylalkylamine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in Drosophila. Low verapamil sensitivity of the dihydropyridine-sensitive current of Drosophila muscles also set it apart from the vertebrate L-type channels which are sensitive to 1,4-dihydropyridines, benzothiazepines as well as phenylalkylamines. The dihydropyridine-sensitive current in Drosophila muscles activated in a similar voltage range as the vertebrate L-type current. As with the vertebrate current, blockade by dihydropyridines was voltage dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design of Radial Inflow Turbine for 30 kW Microturbine (2017)

Microturbines are small gas turbines that have the capacity range of 25-300 kW. The main components of microturbine are compressor, turbine, combustor and recuperator. This research paper focuses on the design of radial inflow turbine that operates in 30 kW microturbine. In order to operate the 30 kW microturbine with the back work ratio of 0.5, the radial inflow turbine should be designed to produce power at 60 kW. With the help of theory of turbo-machinery and the analytical methods, the design parameters are derived. The design results are constructed in 3D geometry. The 3D fluid-geometry is validated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results show the airflow path, the temperature distribution, the pressure distribution and Mach number. According to the simulation results, there is no flow blockage between vanes and no shock flow occurs in the designed turbine.
Effect of Dispersant Concentration on Preparation of an Ultrahigh Density ZnO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Target by Slip Casting (2009)

The rheological behavior of concentrated ZnO–Al 2 O 3 aqueous suspensions has been studied in order to obtain an ultrahigh‐density ZnO–Al 2 O 3 composite ceramic target by slip casting. The influence of the mass fraction of polyacrylic acid (PAA) on the fluidity of slurries and the density and strength of the green and sintered bodies was investigated. The slurries exhibited a near‐Newtonian flow behavior and had a lower viscosity with 0.3 wt% PAA. The excess of PAA enhanced the green strength and the density and strength of the sintered bodies. An ultrahigh density sintered body (>99.7% theoretical density) could be obtained after pressureless sintering at 1400°C. The Al species were well distributed in the sintered bodies, which showed a homogeneous, defect‐free microstructure with no abnormal grain growth.
Fibronectin promotes brain capillary endothelial cell survival and proliferation through α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins via MAP kinase signalling (2005)

We showed previously that blood vessel maturation in the CNS is associated with a developmental switch in brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC), from fibronectin signalling during angiogenesis to laminin signalling in the adult. To investigate the functional significance of this switch, we have examined the response of BCEC to different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. This showed that BCEC proliferation was significantly promoted by fibronectin (28.2 +/- 4.0%) and by vitronectin (14.8 +/- 2.1%) compared with uncoated glass (7.2 +/- 0.7%), while BCEC survival was significantly promoted by fibronectin (1130 +/- 131 cells), vitronectin (830 +/- 63 cells), collagen IV (703 +/- 77 cells) and laminin (680 +/- 34 cells) compared with the uncoated glass (367 +/- 48 cells). Biochemical studies showed that BCEC express a limited repertoire of integrins, including the beta1 integrins, alpha3beta1, alpha5beta1 and alpha6beta1, and the alphavbeta3 integrin. Function-blocking studies showed that the response to fibronectin was mediated equally by the alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins. Analysis of signalling pathways revealed that fibronectin stimulated activation of the p44/p42 MAP kinase signalling pathway and pharmacological inhibitors of this pathway blocked BCEC proliferation on fibronectin. Taken together, these findings show that fibronectin exerts a strong angiogenic influence on endothelial cells (EC) in the CNS, and that this is mediated through the alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins via MAP kinase signalling. In addition to a fundamental role in development, these findings may also have implications in pathological conditions of the CNS where fibronectin is re-expressed.
An investigation of the coupling agent/matrix interface of fiberglass reinforced plastics by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1979)

Abstract The mechanical performances of fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) are quite different when the glass fibers are treated with vinyl (VS) and methacryl (γ‐MPS) functional silane coupling agents. We have studied the structural basis for this difference on the molecular level using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). A high‐surface‐area silica powder is used to study the coupling agent/matrix interface. Both VS and γ‐MPS can react with styrene at the interface. However, when E ‐glass fiber is used as a substrate, only γ‐MPS polymerizes in the coupling agent interphase which consists of many layers of coupling agent molecules while the major portion of the VS does not polymerize in the interphase. The effect of glass surfaces, with and without a coupling agent, on the curing of the polyester resin has also been studied. Silane coupling agents participate in the curing of the polyester resin while untreated E ‐glass fiber surfaces inhibit the polymerization resulting in different structures from the bulk matrix.
Centimeter Scale Patterned Growth of Vertically Stacked Few Layer Only 2D MoS2/WS2 van der Waals Heterostructure (2016)

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waal (vdW) heterostructures composed of vertically-stacked multiple transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) are envisioned to present unprecedented materials properties unobtainable from any other material systems. Conventional fabrications of these hybrid materials have relied on the low-yield manual exfoliation and stacking of individual 2D TMD layers, which remain impractical for scaled-up applications. Attempts to chemically synthesize these materials have been recently pursued, which are presently limited to randomly and scarcely grown 2D layers with uncontrolled layer numbers on very small areas. Here, we report the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of large-area (>2 cm(2)) patterned 2D vdW heterostructures composed of few layer, vertically-stacked MoS2 and WS2. Detailed structural characterizations by Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution/scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM/STEM) directly evidence the structural integrity of two distinct 2D TMD layers with atomically sharp vdW heterointerfaces. Electrical transport measurements of these materials reveal diode-like behavior with clear current rectification, further confirming the formation of high-quality heterointerfaces. The intrinsic scalability and controllability of the CVD method presented in this study opens up a wide range of opportunities for emerging applications based on the unconventional functionalities of these uniquely structured materials.
Adaptive proximate time-optimal servomechanisms: Discrete-time case (1987)

Following a brief review of the continuous time proximate time-optimal servomechanism (PTOS), a discrete time PTOS is developed, along with conditions for its stability. An algorithm is proposed for adapting PTOS when the plant parameters are not known yielding APTOS (adaptive PTOS). Under ideal conditions APTOS is shown to be uniformally asymptotically stable. Simulation results demonstrate the predicted performance, and experimental results validate the practicality of APTOS.
Redox regulation of mitochondrial function with emphasis on cysteine oxidation reactions (2013)

Mitochondria have a myriad of essential functions including metabolism and apoptosis. These chief functions are reliant on electron transfer reactions and the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of ATP and ROS are intimately linked to the electron transport chain (ETC). Electrons from nutrients are passed through the ETC via a series of acceptor and donor molecules to the terminal electron acceptor molecular oxygen (O2) which ultimately drives the synthesis of ATP. Electron transfer through the respiratory chain and nutrient oxidation also produces ROS. At high enough concentrations ROS can activate mitochondrial apoptotic machinery which ultimately leads to cell death. However, if maintained at low enough concentrations ROS can serve as important signaling molecules. Various regulatory mechanisms converge upon mitochondria to modulate ATP synthesis and ROS production. Given that mitochondrial function depends on redox reactions, it is important to consider how redox signals modulate mitochondrial processes. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review on how redox signals mediated through cysteine oxidation, namely S-oxidation (sulfenylation, sulfinylation), S-glutathionylation, and S-nitrosylation, regulate key mitochondrial functions including nutrient oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, ROS production, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission and fusion. We also consider the chemistry behind these reactions and how they are modulated in mitochondria. In addition, we also discuss emerging knowledge on disorders and disease states that are associated with deregulated redox signaling in mitochondria and how mitochondria-targeted medicines can be utilized to restore mitochondrial redox signaling.
Novel power conditioning circuits for piezoelectric micro power generators (2004)

Low power devices promote the development of micropower generators (MPGs). This paper presents a novel power conditioning circuit (PCC) that enables maximum power extraction from a piezoelectric MPG. Synchronous rectification (SR) is employed to improve the PCC efficiency. A simplified model of the piezoelectric generator is developed for simulation. Performance of the proposed PCC is verified by PSpice simulation and experimental results. A maximum output power of 18.8 /spl mu/W has been extracted from a single piezoelectric MPG. Arbitrary waveform generator representation (AWGR) of the flexing piezoelectric membrane is also presented. The hardware AWGR enables research on the PCC without the need for the actual MPG heat engine or bulge tester used to flex the piezoelectric membrane, and also demonstrates the feasibility of cascading many MPGs to extract additional power.
Iterative decoding of SOVA and LDPC product code for bit-patterned media recoding (2017)

The demand for high-density storage systems has increased due to the exponential growth of data. Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising technologies to achieve the density of 1Tbit/in2 and higher. To increase the areal density in BPMR, the spacing between islands needs to be reduced, yet this aggravates inter-symbol interference and inter-track interference and degrades the bit error rate performance. In this paper, we propose a decision feedback scheme using low-density parity check (LDPC) product code for BPMR. This scheme can improve the decoding performance using an iterative approach with extrinsic information and log-likelihood ratio value between iterative soft output Viterbi algorithm and LDPC product code. Simulation results show that the proposed LDPC product code can offer 1.8dB and 2.3dB gains over the one LDPC code at the density of 2.5 and 3 Tb/in2, respectively, when bit error rate is 10-6.