gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide Adsorbent Composed of Copper(I) Chloride and Polystyrene Resin Having Amino Groups (1986)

Abstract A novel adsorbent of carbon monoxide (CO) is prepared by stirring copper(I) chloride and a macroreticular type polystyrene resin having amino groups in acetonitrile, followed by removal of the liquid phase at 5 mmHg, 80 °C. The adsorbent rapidly adsorbs carbon monoxide from 9 : 1 carbon monoxide–nitrogen mixture at 20 °C under 1 atm. The adsorbed carbon monoxide is readily desorbed by heating the adsorbent to 80 °C under 1 atm or by reducing the partial pressure of carbon monoxide to 5 mmHg at 20 °C. The CO adsorbing capacity (15.9 mmol) of the adsorbent composed of 10.0 g of the resin and 70 mmol of copper(I) chloride is 5.7 times as large as the carbon dioxide adsorbing capacity (2.8 mmol). The efficient adsorption of carbon monoxide by the present adsorbents is attributed to coordination of carbon monoxide to the copper(I) ions which coordinate the amino residues in the resin. The carbon dioxide adsorbing capacity (2.8 mmol) of the adsorbent is much smaller than that (8.3 mmol) of the resin without copper(I) chloride. The present adsorbent exhibits no measurable adsorptions of methane, nitrogen, and hydrogen at 20 °C under 1 atm, and thus is applicable to selective separation of carbon monoxide from gas mixtures containing these gases and carbon dioxide.
Thermally responsive rigid polymer monoliths (1997)

A composite that changes its permeability with temperature –leading to the possibilites of a thermal gate, thermal valve, or thermal cotnrol of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity–is reported. A method is described to modify the internal pore surface of rigid polymer moonoliths by grafting‐on PNIPAAm, a temperature‐responsive polymer. Isocratic hydrrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins is presented, which is a novel separation technique based on the changes in surface polarity (and thus adsorption) accompanying the temperature‐induced phase transition of the grafted PNIPAAm.
Compressive Acquisition of Linear Dynamical Systems (2013)

Compressive sensing (CS) enables the acquisition and recovery of sparse signals and images at sampling rates significantly below the classical Nyquist rate. Despite significant progress in the theory and methods of CS, little headway has been made in compressive video acquisition and recovery. Video CS is complicated by the ephemeral nature of dynamic events, which makes direct extensions of standard CS imaging architectures and signal models difficult. In this paper, we develop a new framework for video CS for dynamic textured scenes that models the evolution of the scene as a linear dynamical system (LDS). This reduces the video recovery problem to first estimating the model parameters of the LDS from compressive measurements and then reconstructing the image frames. We exploit the low-dimensional dynamic parameters (the state sequence) and high-dimensional static parameters (the observation matrix) of the LDS to devise a novel compressive measurement strategy that measures only the time-varying parameters at each instant and accumulates measurements over time to estimate the time-invariant parameters. This enables us to lower the compressive measurement rate considerably. We validate our approach and demonstrate its effectiveness with a range of experiments involving video recovery and scene classification.
ELISpot and ELISA analyses of human IL-21-secreting cells: Impact of blocking IL-21 interaction with cellular receptors (2014)

Interleukin (IL)-21 is crucial for the regulation of lymphocytes and is implicated in autoimmune and other diseases. The relevance of being able to measure human IL-21 prompted us to develop ELISA and ELISpot assays for analysis of IL-21 levels and IL-21-producing cells, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to IL-21 were made and ELISA and ELISpot assays were developed. The selected detection mAb also neutralized IL-21-mediated activation of human cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors (n=24) were stimulated polyclonally (phytohemagglutinin; PHA) or with antigen (Candida albicans extract and tetanus toxoid). Using ELISpot, high numbers of IL-21-producing cells were detected after PHA activation; lower but positive responses to antigen were seen in approximately 50% of the donors. In contrast, the ELISA detected IL-21 in supernatants from PHA-activated cells but not from antigen-stimulated cells. When analyzing IL-17A in parallel, PHA and antigens induced detectable responses in ELISpot as well as in ELISA. Hypothesizing that the lack of detectable IL-21 levels after antigenic stimulation was due to a combination of low frequencies of IL-21-secreting cells and consumption of IL-21 by cellular receptors during cell culture, PBMCs (n=18) were stimulated in the presence of the neutralizing detection mAb. When preventing IL-21 from interacting with its receptor, increased IL-21 levels were found by ELISA after PHA activation and IL-21 could also be measured after antigen stimulation. ELISpot results were unaffected by the addition of the neutralizing mAb. In conclusion, IL-21 secreted by low frequencies of antigen-specific ex vivo-stimulated PBMC can be difficult to detect by ELISA but prevention of IL-21 interaction with its receptor leads to detectable IL-21 levels. In ELISpot, where the cytokine is captured by mAbs on a solid phase immediately upon secretion, blocking the receptor interaction does not affect the detection of IL-21-secreting cells.
A GPU Algorithm for IC Floorplanning: Specification, Analysis and Optimization (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel floor planning algorithm for GPUs. Floor planning is an inherently sequential algorithm, far from the typical programs suitable for Single Instruction Multiple Thread (SIMT) style concurrency in a GPU. We propose a fundamentally different approach of exploring the floor plan solution space, where we evaluate concurrent moves on a given floor plan. We illustrate several performance optimization techniques for this algorithm in GPUs. Compared to the sequential algorithm, our techniques achieve 4-30X speedup for a range of MCNC benchmarks, while delivering comparable or better solution quality.
Efficient Expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of a Mature and a Modified Human Interferon-β <sub>1</sub> (1984)

Ten recombinant plasmids were constructed which direct the synthesis of a mature human interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) under the control of the Escherichia coli tryptophan (trp) promoter. The spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the trpL and the ATG initiation codon of the interferon gene was varied from 6 to 23 nucleotides by utilizing a Cla I site located within the spacer region of the plasmids. The optimal spacing for expression of IFN-beta 1 was determined to be 8-13 nucleotides from the results of interferon assay. The E. coli lipoprotein (lpp) promoter was also used for expression of IFN-beta 1 in E. coli. The results with an expression vector carrying a lpp-lac promoter showed that a modified IFN-beta 1 containing an additional 7 amino acids at the amino-terminus might be less active than the mature molecule.
Insights into acetate toxicity in Zymomonas mobilis8b using different substrates (2014)

Our results indicate Z. mobilis utilized a different mechanism for xylose utilization, with an even more severe impact on Z. mobilis than that caused by acetate treatment. Our study also suggests redox imbalance caused by stressful conditions may trigger a metabolic reaction leading to the accumulation of toxic intermediates such as xylitol, but Z. mobilis manages its carbon and energy metabolism through the control of individual reactions to mitigate the stressful conditions. We have thus provided extensive transcriptomic datasets and gained insights into the molecular responses of Z. mobilis to the inhibitor acetate when grown in different sugar sources, which will facilitate future metabolic modeling studies and strain improvement efforts for better xylose utilization and acetate tolerance.
Pure Heterozygous and Mixed JAK2 V617F Genotypes Result in Distinct Mechanisms of Erythrocytosis in Polycythemia Vera. (2006)

Abstract The JAK2 V617F mutation is present in most patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and half with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Using real-time quantitative PCR, we analyzed the levels of JAK2 V617F in granulocytes and/or bone marrow mononuclear cells from 159 PV and 149 ET patients. High JAK2 V617F levels were correlated with higher leukocyte, granulocyte, hemoglobin values and higher endogenous erythroid colony formation. Thus, the phenotype of PV and ET may be closely linked to the JAK2 V617F level, which may reflect the clonal genotypic pattern of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It is thought that the occurrence of the mitotic recombination, which generates homozygous JAK2 V671F clones, is a key molecular event for the onset of PV. In this work, we aimed to study the consequences of the clonal JAK2 V617F genotype on the amplification properties and erythropoietin (EPO) hypersensitivity of PV (n=14) and ET (n=6) progenitors. Analysis of clonal genotypic patterns shows that ET patients harbor a mix of heterozygous and normal progenitors. Interestingly, we distinguish pure heterozygous PV profiles (3/14 patients) with no homozygous progenitors from homozygous PV profiles (11/14 patients) with normal, heterozygous and homozygous progenitors. Similar low frequencies of mutated immature progenitors, comprising long-term culture-initiating cells and lympho-myeloid progenitors, are found in ET and PV. In contrast, PV patients with pure heterozygous PV profiles have striking higher proportions (&gt;90%) of mutated committed progenitors than other PV and ET patients. This result suggests a selective amplification of heterozygous cells in the early phases of hematopoiesis. Furthermore, by using increasing concentrations of EPO, homozygous mutated erythroid progenitors are demonstrated to be more sensitive to EPO than heterozygous ones, a majority of the former (69,5%) being EPO independent. Moreover, we demonstrate a two to three fold increase in in vitro amplification of ET and PV progenitor cells when compared to normal ones in serum free liquid culture containing IL3, Stem Cell Factor, Dexamethasone and 1 IU/mL EPO. In addition, the quantification of the mutated allele in immature CD34+CD38- cells, in CD34+CD38+ committed progenitor cells, in mature erythroblasts (GPA+) and in granulocytes shows a marked in vivo selective advantage of mutated cells in late stages of hematopoiesis. These results suggest that in PV, erythrocytosis results from two distinct mechanisms: a terminal erythroid amplification advantage triggered by homozygosity or a two-step process including the upstream amplification of heterozygous cells that may involve additional molecular event(s).
<i>In vivo</i> Manipulation of Dendritic Cell Migration and Activation to Elicit Antitumour Immunity (2004)

Two approaches have been pursued to elicit antitumour immunity: (i) induce recruitment of immature dendritic cells or their precursors at a site of antigen delivery, and (ii) induce activation of tumour-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs). The recruitment of selected DC subtype conditions the class of the immune response. Each immature DC population displays a unique spectrum of chemokine responsiveness. For examples, Langerhans cells (LCs) migrate selectively in response to CCL20/MIP-3alpha (through CCR6), blood CD11c+ DC to MCP chemokines (through CCR2). All these chemokines are inducible in response to inflammatory stimuli. CCL20/MIP-3alpha in particular is only detected within inflamed epithelium, at the site of antigen entry, which is infiltrated by immature DCs. Furthermore, to reach the site of injury, sequential responsiveness might operate, blood DC precursors are recruited by a set of chemokines (MIP, MCP) while within the tissue other chemokines will direct their navigation (CCL20/MIP-3alpha). Of interest, when injected in vivo together with antigen, MCP-4/CCL13, but not CCL20/MIP-3alpha, recruits blood monocytes or blood DC precursors that promptly differentiate into typical DCs and that improve antitumour immune responses. After antigen uptake, DCs acquire, upon maturation, responsiveness to CCR7 ligands (CCL21/SLC/6Ckine, CCL19/ELC/MIP-3beta) due to receptor up-regulation. In particular, in the periphery, CCL21/SLC/6Ckine expressed by lymphatic vessels may direct into the lymph stream, antigen-loaded maturing DCs leaving the site of infection; while within lymph-node, CCL21/SLC/6Ckine plays a critical role in the entry of naïve T cells from the blood through HEV. In regard to its central role, we decided to investigate whether the expression of CCL21/SLC/6Ckine in tumour may lead to antitumour immune responses. C26 colon carcinoma tumour cell line transduced with CCL21/SLC/6Ckine showed reduced tumorigenicity when injected in vivo into immunocompetent mice. The protection was CD8 dependent and associated with an important intratumoral infiltration of DCs. Most tumour infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) had an immature phenotype, were able to present TAA in the context of MHC class I, but were refractory to stimulation with the combination of LPS, IFNgamma and anti-CD40 antibody. TIDC paralysis could be reverted, however, by in vitro or in vivo stimulation with the combination of a CpG immunostimulatory sequence and an anti-interleukin 10 receptor (IL10R) antibody. CpG or anti-IL10R alone were inactive in TIDC, while CpG triggered activation in normal DC. In particular, CpG plus anti-IL10R enhanced the TAA-specific immune response and triggered de novo IL-12 production. Subsequently, CpG plus anti-IL10R treatment showed robust antitumour therapeutic activity exceeding by far that of CpG alone, and elicited antitumour immune memory.
Rapid Screening of Quorum-Sensing Signal <i>N</i> -Acyl Homoserine Lactones by an In Vitro Cell-Free Assay (2008)

A simple, sensitive, and rapid cell-free assay system was developed for detection of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) autoinducers involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS). The present approach improves upon previous whole-cell biosensor-based approaches in its utilization of a cell-free assay approach to conduct bioassays. The cell-free assay was derived from the AHL biosensor bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pCF218)(pCF372), allowing the expression of beta-galactosidase upon addition of exogenous AHLs. We have shown that beta-galactosidase expression is possible in cell-free solution [lysate from Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pCF218)(pCF372) culture]. Assay detection limits with the use of chromogenic substrate X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) ranged from approximately 100 nM to 300 nM depending on the specific AHL. Replacement (of X-Gal) with the luminescent substrate Beta-Glo increased sensitivity to AHLs by 10-fold. A major advantage of the cell-free assay system is elimination of time-consuming steps for biosensor cell culture conditioning, which are required prior to whole-cell bioassays. This significantly reduced assay times from greater than 24 h to less than 3 h, while maintaining high sensitivity. Assay lysate may be prepared in bulk and stored (-80 degrees C) over 6 months for future use. Finally, the present protocol may be adapted for use with other biosensor strains and be used in high-throughput AHL screening of bacteria or metagenomic libraries.
Pyrimidines. XIII. Novel pyrimidine to pyrimidine transformation reactions (1977)

Abstract Novel pyrimidine to pyrimidine transformation reactions are described. 1,3‐Dimethyl‐(or diethyl)‐uracil(1) are converted into isocytosine, 2‐thiouracil or uracil derivatives by treatment with guanidine, thiourea or urea, respectively. The latter two cases require base catalysis. The effects of some substituents at C‐5 and C‐6 of 1,3‐dialkylated uracils (1a → 1e) on this transformation were examined and a plausible mechanism is offered for their reaction. The utility of this reaction is exemplified by the facile two‐step conversion of pseudouridine into the anlileukemic agent, pseudoisocytidine, in good overall yield.
Compression of pulses from a continuous-wave mode-locked Nd:YAG laser (1984)

We have compressed the 80-psec pulses from a cw mode-locked Nd:YAG laser by a factor of 45. The pulse compressor uses single-mode optical fiber and a compact grating-pair dispersive delay line.
Very high-density and low-cost perpendicular magnetic recording media including new layer-structure "U-Mag" (2005)

We have fabricated a new layered structure, named "U-mag," for perpendicular magnetic recording media, in terms of stacked films including a very thin (2 nm) ferromagnetic (Co) intermediate layer and lattice spacing control layers. The formed medium having a 100-nm soft magnetic underlayer with high coercivity over 6 kOe and sufficient nucleation field (-1.5 kOe) shows higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than a medium with a conventional Ru underlayer. The detailed microstructures of the U-mag medium were also revealed by a transmission electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectrometer. A double Co intermediate layer gave a significant improvement in the SNR compared to a single Co layer.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Novel Series of Nonsteroidal, Peripherally Selective Androgen Receptor Antagonists Derived from 1,2-Dihydropyridono[5,6-<i>g</i>]quinolines (1998)

A new nonsteroidal antiandrogenic pharmacophore has been discovered using cell-based cotransfection assays with human androgen receptor (hAR). This series of AR antagonists is structurally characterized by a linear tricyclic 1,2-dihydropyridono[5,6-g]quinoline core. Analogues inhibit AR-mediated reporter gene expression and bind to AR as potently as or better than any known AR antagonists. Several analogues also showed excellent in vivo activity in classic rodent models of AR antagonism, inhibiting growth of rat ventral prostate and seminal vesicles, without accompanying increases in serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels, as is seen with other AR antagonists. Investigations of structure-activity relationships surrounding this pharmacophore resulted in molecules with complete specificity for AR, antagonist activity on an AR mutant commonly observed in prostate cancer patients, and improved in vivo efficacy. Molecules based on this series of compounds have the potential to provide unique and effective clinical opportunities for treatment of prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent diseases.
Digital moire´ subtraction in optical engineering (2001)

Conventionally, for the most accurate measurements, interferometer systems are constructed from high-quality optical elements and include fine controls for precise alignment. In this alternative approach, all the errors of a poor quality, misaligned system are accepted then eliminated by a simple digital moire process. The method offers the possibility of devising very large aperture optical systems for traditional and engineering interferometers from inexpensive and basic components. It can also offer benefits in other measurement techniques, including moire.
Automatic location identification using a hybrid technique (2002)

Automatic location indication (ALI) has been mandated by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the use of Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) and other users, by late 2001. We analyze a hybrid approach which uses combination of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and independent time of arrival (TOA) information to supplement each other. Both pieces of information are available with no hardware modifications to currently-available handsets and relatively inexpensive alterations to the base station system. We obtain significantly reduced statistical errors compared with either technique separately. This reduction may be necessary for compliance with the FCC requirement. In addition, there is expected to be a reduction in the measurement bias. The technique has particular advantages in the large areas on the periphery of the central coverage regions.
Isolation and characterization of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>KS1 for the biocontrol of grapevine fungal diseases (2011)

Abstract Bacillus subtilis KS1 was isolated from grape berry skin as a biological control agent against grapevine fungal diseases. KS1 was identified as a new strain of B. subtilis according to morphological, biochemical, and genetic analyses. In vitro bioassay demonstrated that KS1 suppressed the growth of Botrytis cinerea (the casual agent of grape grey mold) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (the casual agent of grape ripe rot). The biocontrol activity of KS1 against grapevine fungal diseases in vineyards was evaluated over a 3-year span (from 2007 to 2009). Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, was reduced on berry skins and leaves by treatment with KS1. The KS1 genome possesses ituD and lpa-14 genes, both of which play a role in iturin A production followed by iturin A production in the culture. In contrast, mutants lacking both genes lost the antagonistic activity against B. cinerea and C. gloeosporioides and the activity in iturin A production, suggesting that the antagonistic activity of KS1 against grapevine fungal pathogens may depend on iturin A production. As KS1 showed tolerance to various chemical pesticides, chemical pesticides could be applied before and/or after KS1 treatment in vineyards. Due to its potential as a biological control agent against grape downy mildew, KS1 is expected to contribute to the further improvement of integrated pest management systems and to potentially reduce the amount of chemical fungicides applied in vineyards.
An Optical, Cross-Bar Arithmetic/Logic Unit (1987)

As indicated in an earlier paper presented at this conference, (1) use of parallel Fourier optical pattern recognition techniques in conjunction with a final non-linear threshold allows rapid computation of sums and products in residue arithmetic. The coherence properties of the architecture reduce the number of non-linear elements to 2n-1 where n is the size of the radix. Incoherent point sources could also be used with the grating filters performing a holographic interconnect function, but, at the expense of requiring n 2 non-linear elements. This expense is offset by allowing performance of any multi-level logic function, residue arithmetic being only one example of a multi-level logic function. This paper will describe an alternative technique to performing the desired n 2 interconnect pattern which requires no lenses or filters, thereby significantly reducing the fabrication and alignment difficulties.
Magnetic Nanowire Biolabels Using Ferromagnetic Resonance Identification (2021)

Nanomaterials have attracted attention from a variety of fields. For example, magnetic nanowires (MNWs) can be used to identify and/or distinguish objects using their magnetic signatures: first-order reversal curves, hysteresis curves, angle-dependent coercivity, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Among these, FMR is the fastest measurement, and it shows the potential to identify many high-frequency signatures simultaneously. In this work, iron, cobalt, and nickel MNW samples are fabricated by template-assisted pulsed electrodeposition and are measured individually and in combination using an FMR-identification (FMR-ID) labeling system. The FMR-ID system is then optimized using the FMR measurement results, the original and revised Kittel equations, and the magnetic properties of the MNWs. The most efficient FMR-ID systems will use DC bias fields (0–15 kOe) that are parallel to the nanowires and microwave frequencies of 20 GHz or above. These MNW-based FMR-ID labeling systems will be effective wherever small identification markers are needed.