gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logic encryption: a fault analysis perspective (2012)

The globalization of Integrated Circuit (IC) design flow is making it easy for rogue elements in the supply chain to pirate ICs, overbuild ICs, and insert hardware trojans; the IC industry is losing approximately $4 billion annually [1], [2]. One way to protect the ICs from these attacks is to encrypt the design by inserting additional gates such that correct outputs are produced only when specific inputs are applied to these gates. The state-of-the-art logic encryption technique inserts gates randomly into the design [3] and does not necessarily ensure that wrong keys corrupt the outputs. Our technique ensures that wrong keys corrupt the outputs. We relate logic encryption to fault propagation analysis in IC testing and develop a fault analysis based logic encryption technique. This technique achieves 50% Hamming distance between the correct and wrong outputs (ideal case) when a wrong key is applied. Furthermore, this 50% Hamming distance target is achieved by using a smaller number of additional gates when compared to random logic encryption.
Generation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR-1) protein by three new splice variants of the <i>Oprm</i> gene (2001)

Using 5' RACE, we have isolated four additional exons of the mu opioid receptor gene (Oprm), resulting in a gene spanning over 250 kb. The four new exons are contained within eight additional splice variants containing exon 11 at the 5' terminus. Exon 11, which is under the control of a previously unknown upstream promoter, and exon 12 are located approximately 10 kb and approximately 8 kb upstream from exon 1, respectively. Exon 13 and 14 are located between exons 1 and 2. The regional distributions of the variants, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR, varied among themselves and were distinct from that of MOR-1, implying region-specific RNA processing. Three variants (MOR-1H, MOR-1I, and MOR-1J) contained two potential translational start points, with the translational start point in exon 1 producing proteins identical to the original MOR-1 protein. When expressed, the receptor binding of these three variants was indistinguishable from that of MOR-1. The remaining eight proteins using the translation start point in exon 11 were all truncated, with three (MOR-1G, MOR-1M, and MOR-1N) predicting proteins of only six transmembrane domains and the rest giving proteins under 10 kDa. Western blots with an exon 11-specific antiserum revealed bands consistent with the six transmembrane domain proteins within the brain, but the shorter proteins were not detected. Thus, the MOR-1 protein can be generated by four different splice variants of the Oprm gene under the control of two physically distinct promoters. Although the truncated proteins are expressed in brain with a unique regional distribution, their functional significance remains unknown.
DCT-based scalable video coding with drift (2002)

Scalable video coders have traditionally avoided using enhancement-layer (EL) information to predict the base layer (BL), so as to avoid so-called "drift". As a result, they are less efficient than a one-layer coder. Fine granularity scalable (FGS) coders avoid using EL information to predict the EL as well, suffering even further inefficiencies. In this paper, we explore a scalable video coder that allows drift, by predicting the BL from EL information. However, we show that through careful management of the amount of drift introduced, the video quality at low rates is only marginally worse than the drift-free case, while the overall compression efficiency is not much worse than a one-layer encoder.
Piezoelectric Windmill: A Novel Solution to Remote Sensing (2004)

This study demonstrates a technology, “Piezoelectric Windmill”, for generating the electrical power from wind energy. The electric power-generation from wind energy is based on piezoelectric effect and utilizes the bimorph actuators. Piezoelectric Windmill consists of piezoelectric actuators arranged along the circumference of the mill in the cantilever form. Using the camshaft gear mechanism an oscillating torque is generated through the flowing wind and applied on the actuators. A working prototype was fabricated utilizing 12 bimorphs (60 ×20 ×0.5 mm 3 ) having a preload of 23.5 gm. Under a nominal torque level corresponding to normal wind flow and oscillating frequency of 6 Hz, a power of 10.2 mW was successfully measured across a load of 4.6 kΩ after rectification. Combined with the wireless transmission, this technology provides a practical solution to the remote powering of sensors and communication devices.
Automated computerized scheme for distinction between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules on chest images (2002)

A novel automated computerized scheme has been developed to assist radiologists for their distinction between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules on chest images. Our database consisted of 55 chest radiographs (33 primary lung cancers and 22 benign nodules). In this method, the location of a nodule was indicated first by a radiologist. The difference image with a nodule was produced by use of filters and then represented in a polar coordinate system. The nodule was segmented automatically by analysis of contour lines of the gray-level distribution based on the polar-coordinate representation. Two clinical parameters (age and sex) and 75 image features were determined from the outline, the image, and histogram analysis for inside and outside regions of the segmented nodule. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and knowledge about benign and malignant nodules were used to select initial feature combinations. Many combinations for subgroups of 77 features were evaluated as input to artificial neural networks (ANNs). The performance of ANNs with the selected 7 features by use of the round-robin test showed Az = 0.872, which was greater than Az = 0.854 obtained previously with the manual method (P= 0.53). The performance of LDA (Az = 0.886) was slightly improved compared to that of ANNs (P = 0.59) and was greater than that of the manual method (Az = 0.854) reported previously (P = 0.40). The high level of its performance indicates the potential usefulness of this automated computerized scheme in assisting radiologists as a second opinion for distinction between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules on chest images.
Implementation of Burstponder Card for Ethernet Grooming in Light-trail WDM Networks (2006)

A light-trail is a generalization of a lightpath such that multiple nodes can take part in communication along the path. A light-trail is a good candidate for optical layer traffic grooming. In this paper we investigate the grooming aspect of light-trails from a sub-system perspective. We introduce a new sub-system called burstponder card that enables efficient grooming of traffic in a light-trail. We describe the implementation of the burstponder card using FPGA and burst-mode optics. We show experiment results on efficiency and latency for a 4-node light-trail network demonstrating it as an effective solution for optical grooming.
Scanning and tracking dynamic objects with commodity depth cameras (2013)

The 3D data collected using state-of-the-art algorithms often suffers from various problems, such as incompletion and inaccuracy. Using temporal information has been proven effective for improving the reconstruction quality; for example, KinectFusion [21] shows significant improvements for static scenes. In this work, we present a system that uses commodity depth and color cameras, such as Microsoft Kinects, to fuse the 3D data captured over time for dynamic objects to build a complete and accurate model, and then tracks the model to match later observations. The key ingredients of our system include a nonrigid matching algorithm that aligns 3D observations of dynamic objects by using both geometry and texture measurements, and a volumetric fusion algorithm that fuses noisy 3D data. We demonstrate that the quality of the model improves dramatically by fusing a sequence of noisy and incomplete depth data of human and that by deforming this fused model to later observations, noise-and-hole-free 3D models are generated for the human moving freely.
Space and time-efficient hashing of garbage-collected objects (1999)

The hashCode() method found in the JavaTM programming language, and similar methods in other languages, map an arbitrary object to an integer value that is constant for the lifetime of the object. We review existing implementations of the hash operation, specifying the kinds of memory systems for which they work. Then we propose a new implementation of hashing for the hardest case: memory systems with compaction and direct pointers. Our proposal uses just two bits of space per object for the (majority of) objects that are never hashed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development and Testing of Abrasion Resistant Hard Coats For Polymer Film Reflectors: Preprint (2010)

Reflective polymer film technology can significantly reduce the cost of solar reflectors and installed Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants by both reduced material cost and lower weight. One challenge of polymer reflectors in the CSP environment pertains to contact cleaning methods typically used with glass mirrors. Such contact cleaning methods can scratch the surface of polymer reflectors andthereby reduce specular reflectance. ReflecTech, Inc. (a subsidiary of SkyFuel, Inc.) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) initiated a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) to devise and develop an abrasion resistant coating (ARC) suitable for deposition onto polymer based mirror film. A number of candidate ARC products were identified as candidate formulations.Industrial collaborators prepared samples having their ARCs deposited onto ReflecTech Mirror Film pre-laminated to aluminum sheet substrates. Samples were provided for evaluation and subjected to baseline (unweathered) and accelerated exposure conditions and subsequently characterized for abrasion resistance and adhesion. An advanced ARC product has been identified that exhibits outstandinginitial abrasion resistance and adhesion to ReflecTech Mirror Film. These properties were also retained after exposure to the various accelerated stress conditions. This material has been successfully manufactured as a 1.5 m wide roll-to-roll construction in a production environment.
Interspecies Recombination and Mismatch Repair: Generation of Mosaic Genes and Genomes (2003)

The efficiency of homologous genetic recombination depends on the length and degree of DNA sequence identity shared by the two parental molecules, and on the cellular enzymatic systems involved in genetic recombination and its editing. Crosses between different bacterial species show that recombination frequency decreases exponentially with increasing sequence divergence (1). Recombination between DNAs differing by large blocks of heterology is quite efficient, whereas recombination between DNAs differing by well-spaced point mutations is reduced or inhibited (2). These observations suggest that the main determinant of genetic isolation between genomes of closely related bacterial species is neutral sequence divergence caused by point mutations, rather than large heterologies.
Ultraviolet optical parametric oscillation in β-BaB2O4 (1989)

We report the operation of a β-BaB2O4 singly resonant optical parametric oscillator broadly tunable in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions of the spectrum. This optical parametric oscillator was pumped at 266 nm and was continously tunable throughout 0.33–1.37 μm. A novel cavity design was implemented which has applicability to other parametric oscillators. The oscillation threshold of this device was measured and compared to the calculated result.
Integrated piezoelectric sound transducer and preamplifier (1982)

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Perinucleolar Compartment Prevalence Has an Independent Prognostic Value for Breast Cancer (2005)

The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a multicomponent nuclear structure enriched with RNAs transcribed by RNA pol III and RNA binding proteins. Studies in cultured cells showed an association between PNC and transformed phenotype. To evaluate the relationship between structure and malignancy in vivo, we examined PNC prevalence (the percentage of cells containing at least one PNC) in normal and cancerous paraffin-embedded breast tissues using immunohistochemistry against a PNC-associated protein. Five hundred nuclei in the most active area of each sample were scored for PNC prevalence. The results show that PNC prevalence significantly correlates with the progression of breast cancer (by the criteria of staging). PNC prevalence in primary tumors, lymph nodes, and distant metastases shows a stepwise increase from a median of 23% in primary tumors to approximately 100% in distant metastases. In addition, univariate and multivariate (controlling for tumor size and grade) analyses show that early-stage patients with invasive ductal carcinomas containing a higher PNC prevalence have a significantly poorer prognosis. These findings link PNC prevalence with the progression of breast cancer in vivo and suggest that PNC-containing cells have metastatic advantages. These findings also show the potential of PNC prevalence as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.
Strong coupling of a quantum dot molecule to a photonic crystal cavity (2019)

Dynamically tunable light-matter interfaces are important for the success of emerging quantum technologies. Quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal membranes provide an attractive platform as the cavities have high quality factors, low mode volumes, and can be doped to provide limited voltage tuning of the exciton states. Here, the authors demonstrate that the versatility and applications of this architecture can be extended by replacing the quantum dot with a quantum dot molecule. Two tunnel-coupled quantum dots permit molecular exciton states that have voltage-tunable energies and dipole moments. Advantage is taken of the tunable dipole moments of mixed exciton states to demonstrate $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n$ $s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u$ tuning of the vacuum Rabi splitting as well as new polariton states with hybrid spin character.
Three-phase AC system impedance measurement unit (IMU) using chirp signal injection (2013)

Impedance defined in synchronous coordinates is a useful tool to predict and evaluate stability of three-phase AC systems. For online impedance measurement in AC systems, the widely used frequency sweep method takes a long time and may not be practical in systems where the operating point cannot be maintained for a long time. A wide bandwidth signal could be used to significantly reduce the measurement time. This paper suggests a chirp signal and describes its advantages over other signals. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
A Multidimensional Connectomics- and Radiomics-Based Advanced Machine-Learning Framework to Distinguish Radiation Necrosis from True Progression in Brain Metastases (2023)

We introduce tumor connectomics, a novel MRI-based complex graph theory framework that describes the intricate network of relationships within the tumor and surrounding tissue, and combine this with multiparametric radiomics (mpRad) in a machine-learning approach to distinguish radiation necrosis (RN) from true progression (TP). Pathologically confirmed cases of RN vs. TP in brain metastases treated with SRS were included from a single institution. The region of interest was manually segmented as the single largest diameter of the T1 post-contrast (T1C) lesion plus the corresponding area of T2 FLAIR hyperintensity. There were 40 mpRad features and 6 connectomics features extracted, as well as 5 clinical and treatment factors. We developed an Integrated Radiomics Informatics System (IRIS) based on an Isomap support vector machine (IsoSVM) model to distinguish TP from RN using leave-one-out cross-validation. Class imbalance was resolved with differential misclassification weighting during model training using the IRIS. In total, 135 lesions in 110 patients were analyzed, including 43 cases (31.9%) of pathologically proven RN and 92 cases (68.1%) of TP. The top-performing connectomics features were three centrality measures of degree, betweenness, and eigenvector centralities. Combining these with the 10 top-performing mpRad features, an optimized IsoSVM model was able to produce a sensitivity of 0.87, specificity of 0.84, AUC-ROC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82-0.94), and AUC-PR of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87-0.97).
Abstract P2071: β-1,3/1,6-d-glucan Of Indonesian <i>Ganoderma Lucidum</i> Mycelium Extract Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure & Inflammation In Hypertensive Patients (2019)

Background: Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium containing β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan has shown to possess beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan (GLME) consumption to reduced blood pressure (BP) & inflammation in patients with hypertension. Material and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 50 hypertensive adults (JNC VII, age 50-70 years). The patients were divided into 6 groups. Group A: received GLME 540mg/day + CCB, Group B: GLME + ACEI/ARB, Group C: placebo + ACEI, Group D: placebo + CCB, Group E: GLME only & Group F: placebo only. We used the Morisky score to evaluate treatment’s adherence & excludes patients with Morisky < 6. A standardized method was used to measure BP at baseline and thereafter every 30 days until day 90. Further, heart rate (HR), LVEF, LVMI, hsCRP, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1, & IL-6 were measured at baseline & at 90-days. Results: At day 90, GLME lowered systolic BP (SBP) compared to placebo (–22.82±11.4 vs. –10±16.0 mmHg; p= 0.007), DBP was lowered without significant difference between GLME & placebo groups. The change in mean arterial pressure was significance compared with placebo p= 0.028. Group B have the most reducing SBP effect compared with others, p=0.000. The reducing effect of mean arterial pressure was significance in group A compared with others, p= 0.008. In Group B, we found that there was a significance decreasing in hsCRP compared with p=0.01. The reducing effect LVMI, TNF-α, plasma IL- 6 and IL-1 concentration was significantly lower in group B compared with other group (p= 0.043, p= 0.001, p= 0.0008, p= 0.0005, respectively). Conclusion: GLME may significantly reduce SBP systolic & LVMI & may have an anti-inflammatory effect shown through the reduction of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α.
Fiber birefringence measurements with an external stress method and heterodyne polarization detection (1987)

Precise birefringence measurements on polarization maintaining fibers have been obtained with external pressure scanning along the fiber axis. Output detection has been performed through heterodyne interferometric polarimetry, which allows the use of a simplified technique (avoiding pressure modulation and fiber eigenaxis search). Beat-length evaluation is achieved directly through multiple counting of periodical variations of the two radio-frequency output signals provided by the polarimeter. A theoretical model for the behavior of the fiber output polarization on the Poincare' sphere, as a function of pressure scanning, has been developed and experimentally tested and the results are in good agreement with the theory.
Real-index-guided 630-nm-band AlGaInP laser diode with AlInP current blocking layer (1996)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we believe we report a real-index-guided 630-nm-band AlGaInP laser diode with AlInP current blocking layer for the first time. The schematic structure is shown. The device has a buried-ridge stripe structure with AlInP current blocking layer, which is transparent for the wavelength of the 630-nm-band and has a smaller refractive index than that of the AlGaInP cladding layer. The active layer is the strain-compensated multiple quantum well structure with tensile strained quantum wells and compressively strained barriers.
Production of Rhamnolipids by <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> , a Nonpathogenic Bacterium (2005)

ABSTRACT Rhamnolipids, naturally occurring biosurfactants constructed of rhamnose sugar molecules and β-hydroxyalkanoic acids, have a wide range of potential commercial applications. In the course of a survey of 33 different bacterial isolates, we have identified, using a phenotypic assay for rhamnolipid production, a strain of the nonpathogenic bacterial species Pseudomonas chlororaphis that is capable of producing rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipid production by P. chlororaphis was achieved by growth at room temperature in static cultures of a mineral salts medium containing 2% glucose. We obtained yields of roughly 1 g/liter of rhamnolipids, an amount comparable to the production levels reported in Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown with glucose as the carbon source. The rhamnolipids produced by P. chlororaphis appear to be exclusively the mono-rhamnolipid form. The most prevalent molecular species had one monounsaturated hydroxy fatty acid of 12 carbons and one saturated hydroxy fatty acid of 10 carbons. P. chlororaphis , a nonpathogenic saprophyte of the soil, is currently employed as a biocontrol agent against certain types of plant fungal diseases. The pathogenic nature of all bacteria previously known to produce rhamnolipids has been a major obstacle to commercial production of rhamnolipids. The use of P. chlororaphis therefore greatly simplifies this matter by removing the need for containment systems and stringent separation processes in the production of rhamnolipids.
Plasma injection with helicon sources (2000)

An exhaustive set of measurements has been made to find the optimum conditions for plasma injection into a processing chamber using small helicon sources with low magnetic fields B. It is found that the plasma density decreases, rather than increases, with B, as in normal helicon discharges. The design of the field coil and flange caused this effect; with a different design, normal operation was obtained. This experiment provides data on the area coverage of individual helicon discharges for the design of large-area, distributed plasma sources.
Forever Young: How to Control the Elongation, Differentiation, and Proliferation of Cells Using Nanotechnology (2009)

Within the emerging field of stem cells there is a need for an environment that can regulate cell activity, to slow down differentiation or proliferation, in vitro or in vivo while remaining invisible to the immune system. By creating a nanoenvironment surrounding PC12 cells, Schwann cells, and neural precursor cells (NPCs), we were able to control the proliferation, elongation, differentiation, and maturation in vitro. We extended the method, using self-assembling nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS), to living animals with implants in the brain and spinal cord. Here we show that when cells are placed in a defined system we can delay their proliferation, differentiation, and maturation depending on the density of the cell population, density of the matrix, and the local environment. A combination of SAPNS and young cells can be implanted into the central nervous system (CNS), eliminating the need for immunosuppressants.