gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncooled $\text{SI}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{GE}_{\mathrm{y}}\mathrm{O}_{1-\mathrm{x}-\mathrm{y}}$ Microbolometer Stack for LWIR Detection (2020)

This paper presents design, fabrication, characterization, and noise reduction of two uncooled Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">622</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.298</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.08</sub> microbolometer stacked in a single pixel. Each microbolometer captures a portion of the spectrum across the long wavelength infrared region (LWIR) and the combined structure was optimized to maximize the total absorptance, transmittance, and reflectance of the individual surfaces with Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). The inclusion of the FSS on the bottom microbolometer permits engineering the IR absorptance with respect to wavelength. While the top microbolometer utilizes the need for a ¼-wave resonant cavity under the microbolometer. In addition, the metasurface can significantly improve the electrical performance of the temperature-sensing layer. These parameters scale with the periodicity and area fraction of the metasurface. The voltage noise power spectral density was reduced by annealing the devices in vacuum. The measured responsivity and detectivity approached 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> V/W and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cm Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W for the bottom microbolometer with FSS.
Class 3 semaphorins in cardiovascular development (2016)

Secreted class 3 semaphorins (Sema3), which signal through holoreceptor complexes that are formed by different subunits, such as neuropilins (Nrps), proteoglycans, and plexins, were initially characterized as fundamental regulators of axon guidance during embryogenesis. Subsequently, Sema3A, Sema3C, Sema3D, and Sema3E were discovered to play crucial roles in cardiovascular development, mainly acting through Nrp1 and Plexin D1, which funnels the signal of multiple Sema3 in vascular endothelial cells. Mechanistically, Sema3 proteins control cardiovascular patterning through the enzymatic GTPase-activating-protein activity of the cytodomain of Plexin D1, which negatively regulates the function of Rap1, a small GTPase that is well-known for its ability to drive vascular morphogenesis and to elicit the conformational activation of integrin adhesion receptors.
Complement Factor H Is a Serum-binding Protein for Adrenomedullin, and the Resulting Complex Modulates the Bioactivities of Both Partners (2001)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is an important regulatory peptide involved in both physiological and pathological states. We have previously demonstrated the existence of a specific AM-binding protein (AMBP-1) in human plasma. In the present study, we developed a nonradioactive ligand blotting assay, which, together with high pressure liquid chromatography/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis purification techniques, allowed us to isolate AMBP-1 to homogeneity. The purified protein was identified as human complement factor H. We show that AM/factor H interaction interferes with the established methodology for quantification of circulating AM. Our data suggest that this routine procedure does not take into account the AM bound to its binding protein. In addition, we show that factor H affects AM in vitro functions. It enhances AM-mediated induction of cAMP in fibroblasts, augments the AM-mediated growth of a cancer cell line, and suppresses the bactericidal capability of AM on Escherichia coli. Reciprocally, AM influences the complement regulatory function of factor H by enhancing the cleavage of C3b via factor I. In summary, we report on a potentially new regulatory mechanism of AM biology, the influence of factor H on radioimmunoassay quantification of AM, and the possible involvement of AM as a regulator of the complement cascade.
Design and performance of a high-efficiency commercial water heater (1984)

A gas-fired commercial water heater has been developed which achieves a steady-state efficiency of over 95 percent and can obtain, overall service efficiencies above 90 percent in many applications. These high levels of efficiency are obtained by operating in the condensing mode over a substantial portion of the duty cycle. The use of a power burner and a coil-type heat exchanger results in a compact configuration which produces both high efficiency and low emissions. The design, operating principles, and performance characteristics of the water heater are described.
Near-field artifact reduction in planar coded aperture imaging (2001)

Coded apertures for imaging problems are typically based on arrays having perfect cross-correlation properties. These arrays, however, guarantee a perfect point-spread function in far-field applications only. When these arrays are used in the near-field, artifacts arise. We present a mathematical derivation capable of predicting the shape of such artifacts. The theory shows that methods used in the past to compensate for the effects of background nonuniformities in far-field problems are also effective in reducing near-field artifacts. The case study of a nuclear medicine problem is presented to show good agreement of simulation and experimental results with mathematical predictions.
Imaging of carbonic anhydrase IX with an 111In-labeled dual-motif inhibitor (2015)

We developed a new scaffold for radionuclide-based imaging and therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Compound XYIMSR-01, a DOTA-conjugated, bivalent, low-molecular-weight ligand, has two moieties that target two separate sites on CAIX, imparting high affinity. We synthesized [111In]XYIMSR-01 in 73.8-75.8% (n = 3) yield with specific radioactivities ranging from 118 - 1,021 GBq/μmol (3,200-27,600 Ci/mmol). Single photon emission computed tomography of [111In]XYIMSR-01 in immunocompromised mice bearing CAIX-expressing SK-RC-52 tumors revealed radiotracer uptake in tumor as early as 1 h post-injection. Biodistribution studies demonstrated 26% injected dose per gram of radioactivity within tumor at 1 h. Tumor-to-blood, muscle and kidney ratios were 178.1 ± 145.4, 68.4 ± 29.0 and 1.7 ± 1.2, respectively, at 24 h post-injection. Retention of radioactivity was exclusively observed in tumors by 48 h, the latest time point evaluated. The dual targeting strategy to engage CAIX enabled specific detection of ccRCC in this xenograft model, with pharmacokinetics surpassing those of previously described radionuclide-based probes against CAIX.
High-affinity lamprey VLRA and VLRB monoclonal antibodies (2009)

Lamprey are members of the ancestral vertebrate taxon (jawless fish), which evolved rearranging antigen receptors convergently with the jawed vertebrates. But instead of Ig superfamily domains, lamprey variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) consist of highly diverse leucine-rich repeats. Although VLRs represent the only known adaptive immune system not based on Ig, little is known about their antigen-binding properties. Here we report robust plasma VLRB responses of lamprey immunized with hen egg lysozyme and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), demonstrating adaptive immune responses against soluble antigens. To isolate monoclonal VLRs, we constructed large VLR libraries from antigen-stimulated and naïve animals in a novel yeast surface-display vector, with the VLR C-terminally fused to the yeast Flo1p surface anchor. We cloned VLRB binders of lysozyme, beta-gal, cholera toxin subunit B, R-phycoerythrin, and B-trisaccharide antigen, with dissociation constants up to the single-digit picomolar range, equivalent to those of high-affinity IgG antibodies. We also isolated from a single lamprey 13 anti-lysozyme VLRA clones with affinities ranging from low nanomolar to mid-picomolar. All of these VLRA clones were closely related in sequence, differing at only 15 variable codon positions along the 244-residue VLR diversity region, which augmented antigen-binding affinity up to 100-fold. Thus, VLRs can provide a protective humoral antipathogen shield. Furthermore, the broad range of nominal antigens that VLRs can specifically bind, and the affinities achieved, indicate a functional parallelism between LRR-based and Ig-based antibodies. VLRs may be useful natural single-chain alternatives to conventional antibodies for biotechnology applications.
Activation of Mst1 causes dilated cardiomyopathy by stimulating apoptosis without compensatory ventricular myocyte hypertrophy (2003)

Activation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1) by genotoxic compounds is known to stimulate apoptosis in some cell types. The importance of Mst1 in cell death caused by clinically relevant pathologic stimuli is unknown, however. In this study, we show that Mst1 is a prominent myelin basic protein kinase activated by proapoptotic stimuli in cardiac myocytes and that Mst1 causes cardiac myocyte apoptosis in vitro in a kinase activity-dependent manner. In vivo, cardiac-specific overexpression of Mst1 in transgenic mice results in activation of caspases, increased apoptosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, however, Mst1 prevents compensatory cardiac myocyte elongation or hypertrophy despite increased wall stress, thereby obscuring the use of the Frank-Starling mechanism, a fundamental mechanism by which the heart maintains cardiac output in response to increased mechanical load at the single myocyte level. Furthermore, Mst1 is activated by ischemia/reperfusion in the mouse heart in vivo. Suppression of endogenous Mst1 by cardiac-specific overexpression of dominant-negative Mst1 in transgenic mice prevents myocyte death by pathologic insults. These results show that Mst1 works as both an essential initiator of apoptosis and an inhibitor of hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes, resulting in a previously unrecognized form of cardiomyopathy.
Gas puff Z-pinch plasma X-ray source. (1990)

A high brightness, compact plasma x-ray source for x-ray lithography employing a gas-puff z-pinch plasma is developed. This source is designed to direct the x-ray downward into the atmosphere by connecting a diode with a condenser bank through a parallel transmission line and to easily link to a conventional aligner. High x-ray output power is attained by high-repetition-rate discharge (3Hz), developing a fast-acting gas valve. When pinched plasma is formed, the x-rays are emitted from the pinched columnar plasma region (20mm in length and 2mm in diameter). Axial x-ray exposure is achieved by a newly developed x-ray extraction method to reduce the blur in pattern replication caused by the penumbral effect. The x-rays are efficiently extracted through a window highly transparent to x-rays. With this x-ray source, 9-14 A x-rays with 200 J per pulse (600W average power) are obtained using Ne gas plasma in a 3Hz operation. The x-rays through x-ray extraction window (15-μm-thick Be) and x-ray mask (1-μm-thick SiN) have a peak intensity at 12 A wavelengths. The x-ray wavelength is longer than that of a conventional electron impact source. In addition, hard x-rays are not emitted by this plasma x-ray source. High contrast sufficient to replicate fine patterns can be obtained using a mask with a thin absorber, such as 0.4-μm-thick Ta. A 0.2μm resist pattern can be easily replicated.
A metabolically competent human cell line expressing five cDNAs encoding procarcinogen-activating enzymes: application to mutagenicity testing (1991)

A human B-lymphoblastoid cell line, designated MCL-5, constitutively expressing human cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 and also expressing five transfected human cDNAs encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, has been developed. cDNAs encoding CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) were introduced by using a vector conferring hygromycin B resistance, and cDNAs encoding CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 were introduced by using a vector conferring resistance to 1-histidinol. MCL-5 cells stably expressed all five cDNAs and the native CYP1A1 as determined by measurement of form-specific enzyme activity levels. The mutagenicity of seven model procarcinogens to MCL-5 cells was examined at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) and thymidine kinase (tk) loci. Exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), aflatoxin B1, (AFB1), 2-(acetylamino)fluorene (AAF), or benzidine (BZD) induced a statistically significant increase in mutant frequency. Linear interpolation of the concentration of procarcinogen necessary to produce a doubling of the mutant fraction at the hprt locus in MCL-5 cells and the parent AHH-1 cell line revealed that, for each of the chemicals examined, except BZD, MCL-5 cells were significantly more sensitive than the parent AHH-1 cells. The increase in sensitivity to mutagenicity ranged from 3-fold for AAF to greater than 40,000-fold for NDMA. MCL-5 cells have great potential as a screening system for the analysis of human procarcinogen/promutagen activation.
Fabrication of the Iron-Based Superconducting Wire Using Fe(Se,Te) (2009)

We have fabricated the Fe(Se, Te) superconducting wire by a special process based on a powder-in-tube method. The pure Fe tube plays the role of not only the sheath but also the raw material for synthesizing the superconducting phases. We succeeded in observing zero resistivity current on the current-voltage measurements for the Fe(Se, Te) wire. Introduction of the pinning centers and fabricating a multi-core wire will enhance the critical current density for the next step.
An Unexpectedly Large Polyclonal Repertoire of HPV-Specific T Cells Is Poised for Action in Patients with Cervical Cancer (2010)

The diversity and extent of the local tumor-specific T-cell response in a given individual is largely unknown. We have performed an in-depth study of the local T-cell repertoire in a selected group of patients with cervical cancer, by systematic analyses of the proportion, breadth, and polarization of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7-specific T cells within the total population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-draining lymph node cells (TDLNC). Isolated T cells were stimulated with sets of overlapping E6 and E7 peptides and analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry with respect to activation, cytokine production, and T-cell receptor Vbeta usage. HPV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were detected in TIL and TDLNC and their relative contribution varied between <1% and 66% of all T cells. In general, these HPV-specific responses were surprisingly broad, aimed at multiple E6 and E7 epitopes and involved multiple dominant and subdominant T-cell receptor Vbetas per single peptide-epitope. In most patients, only few IFNgamma-producing T cells were found and the amount of IFNgamma produced was low, suggesting that these are poised T cells, rendered functionally inactive within the tumor environment. Importantly, stimulation of the TIL and TDLNC with cognate antigen in the presence of commonly used Toll-like receptor ligands significantly enhanced the effector T-cell function. In conclusion, our study suggests that within a given patient with HPV-specific immunity many different tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are locally present and poised for action. This vast existing local T-cell population is awaiting proper stimulation and can be exploited for the immunotherapy of cancer.
Phenotypic characterization of a novel bone marrow-derived cell that facilitates engraftment of allogeneic bone marrow stem cells (1994)

Bone marrow transplantation is an accepted therapy for hematologic malignancies, aplastic anemia, metabolic disorders, and solid tumors. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and failure of engraftment have limited the widespread application of this technology to nonmalignant disease states. The use of purified bone marrow stem cells has been suggested as an approach to promote engraftment yet avoid GVHD. Although bone marrow stem cells, purified by cell sorting, engraft and repopulate lethally irradiated genetically identical recipients, they do not engraft in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-disparate allogeneic recipients. We report for the first time the characterization of a novel cell population of donor bone marrow origin, separate from the hematopoietic stem cell, that facilitates engraftment of purified allogeneic bone marrow stem cells in an MHC-specific fashion without causing GVHD. Although 1,000 purified stem cells (c-kit+/Sca-1+/lineage-) reliably repopulate syngeneic mouse recipients, 10 times that number do not engraft in MHC-disparate allogeneic recipients. The addition of as few as 30,000 facilitating cells (CD8+/CD45R+/TCR-) is sufficient to permit engraftment of purified stem cells in MHC-disparate recipients. The cell surface phenotype of this purified cellular population differs significantly from other characterized lineages of lymphoid or myeloid origin. Based on multiparameter rare-events cell sorting, the facilitating fraction is CD8+, CD3+, CD45R+, Thy 1+, class IIdim/intermediate but alpha beta-TCR- and gamma delta-TCR-. This cellular population comprises approximately 0.4% of the total bone marrow and is separate from the hematopoietic stem cell. The coadministration of purified facilitating cells plus stem cells to optimize engraftment yet avoid GVHD may expand the potential application of bone marrow transplantation to disease states in which the morbidity and mortality associated with conventional BMT cannot be justified.
UWB Tracking Software Development (2006)

An Ultra-Wideband (UWB) two-cluster Angle of Arrival (AOA) tracking prototype system is currently being developed and tested at NASA Johnson Space Center for space exploration applications. This talk discusses the software development efforts for this UWB two-cluster AOA tracking system. The role the software plays in this system is to take waveform data from two UWB radio receivers as an input, feed this input into an AOA tracking algorithm, and generate the target position as an output. The architecture of the software (Input/Output Interface and Algorithm Core) will be introduced in this talk. The development of this software has three phases. In Phase I, the software is mostly Matlab driven and calls C++ socket functions to provide the communication links to the radios. This is beneficial in the early stage when it is necessary to frequently test changes in the algorithm. Phase II of the development is to have the software mostly C++ driven and call a Matlab function for the AOA tracking algorithm. This is beneficial in order to send the tracking results to other systems and also to improve the tracking update rate of the system. The third phase is part of future work and is to have the software completely C++ driven with a graphics user interface. This software design enables the fine resolution tracking of the UWB two-cluster AOA tracking system.
Imaging of microwave permittivity, tunability, and damage recovery in (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films (1999)

We describe the use of a near-field scanning microwave microscope to quantitatively image the dielectric permittivity and tunability of thin-film dielectric samples on a length scale of 1 μm. We demonstrate this technique with permittivity images and local hysteresis loops of a 370-nm-thick Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin film at 7.2 GHz. We also observe the role of annealing in the recovery of dielectric tunability in a damaged region of the thin film. We can measure changes in relative permittivity εr as small as 2 at εr=500, and changes in dielectric tunability dεr/dV as small as 0.03 V−1.
Multi-accent speech recognition with hierarchical grapheme based models (2017)

We train grapheme-based acoustic models for speech recognition using a hierarchical recurrent neural network architecture with connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss. The models learn to align utterances with phonetic transcriptions in a lower layer and graphemic transcriptions in the final layer in a multi-task learning setting. Using the grapheme predictions from a hierarchical model trained on 3 million US English utterances results in 6.7% relative word error rate (WER) increase when compared to using the phoneme-based acoustic model trained on the same data. However, we show that hierarchical grapheme-based models trained on larger acoustic data (12 million utterances) jointly for grapheme and phoneme prediction task outperform phoneme only model by 6.9% relative WER. We train a single multi-dialect model using a combined US, British, Indian and Australian English data set and then adapt the model using US English data only. This adapted multi-accent model outperforms a model exclusively trained on US English. This process is repeated for phoneme-based and grapheme-based acoustic models for all four dialects and larger improvements are obtained with grapheme models. Additionally using a multi-accent grapheme model, we observe large recognition accuracy improvements for Indian-accented utterances in Google VoiceSearch US traffic with a 40% relative WER reduction.
Improving Landmark Localization with Semi-Supervised Learning (2018)

We present two techniques to improve landmark localization in images from partially annotated datasets. Our primary goal is to leverage the common situation where precise landmark locations are only provided for a small data subset, but where class labels for classification or regression tasks related to the landmarks are more abundantly available. First, we propose the framework of sequential multitasking and explore it here through an architecture for landmark localization where training with class labels acts as an auxiliary signal to guide the landmark localization on unlabeled data. A key aspect of our approach is that errors can be backpropagated through a complete landmark localization model. Second, we propose and explore an unsupervised learning technique for landmark localization based on having a model predict equivariant landmarks with respect to transformations applied to the image. We show that these techniques, improve landmark prediction considerably and can learn effective detectors even when only a small fraction of the dataset has landmark labels. We present results on two toy datasets and four real datasets, with hands and faces, and report new state-of-the-art on two datasets in the wild, e.g. with only 5% of labeled images we outperform previous state-of-the-art trained on the AFLW dataset.
OFDM peak power reduction by a novel coding scheme with threshold control (2002)

A novel coding scheme termed redundant bit position rotation sub-block-coding (RBPR SBC) is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. Simulation results show that by using this new scheme, a better performance compared with the standard sub-block-coding (SSBC) can be achieved. According to the probability distribution characteristics of the peak envelope power (PEP) of OFDM signals, a threshold control scheme is proposed to reduce the complexity of this novel coding scheme.