gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF BUBBLE VENTING IN A MICROCHANNEL WITH HYDROPHOBIC NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES (2011)

A 500-μm-wide and 11-mm-deep cross-microchannel, which is made of copper and attached by a hydrophobic nanoporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 μm and a porosity of 70%, is tested in the present study to examine the characteristics of gas/liquid two-phase flow in the microchannel in horizontal and vertical orientations during bubble venting via the hydrophobic nanoporous membrane. The mass flux tested in the present study is 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 kg/m2·s. In addition, the quality in the present study is tested from 0 to 0.08. The effects of mass flux, quality, and microchannel orientation on both the gas/liquid two-phase flow pattern and the bubble venting efficiency are examined in the present experiment through direct flow visualization. The tested results show that the farthest bubble movement distance increases with quality. It is also found that the flow rate of residual gas with the vertical arrangement is larger than that of the horizontal orientation. This is because the buoyancy force is in favor of the horizontal configuration for providing more direct contact and such contact of the bubble and the membrane is helpful for bubble venting. Besides, it is found that the higher flow rate of residual gas leads to a higher-pressure drop gradient in the flow channel.
Observing the spectral dynamics of a mode-locked laser with ultrafast parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (2015)

We experimentally observe the spectral dynamics of a passively mode-locked fiber laser by using a parametric spectro-temporal analyzer (PASTA) with a frame rate up to 100 MHz, and different non-repeating transient dynamics has been observed.
Recurrent Wheezing in the Third Year of Life Among Children Born at 32 Weeks' Gestation or Later (2010)

Laboratory-confirmed, medically attended RSV infection, prematurity, and exposure to supplemental oxygen during the neonatal period have independent associations with the development of RW in the third year of life.
Bridging the Semantic Gap for Satellite Image Annotation and Automatic Mapping Applications (2010)

This paper brings a solution for bridging the gap between the results of state-of-the-art automatic classification algorithms and high semantic human-defined manually created terminology of cartographic data. Using a recent pure-spectral rule-based fully automatic classifier to define the basic 'vocabulary', we provide a hybrid method to automatically understand and describe semantic rules that link existent mapping data according to different specifications with the end-results of unsupervised computer information mining methods. Following an agreement between the learning model and the cartographic scale implied, we exploit Latent Dirichlet Allocation model (LDA) to map heterogeneous pixels with similar intermediate-level semantic meaning into land cover classes of various mapping products. By discovering the set of rules that explain semantic classes in existent vector systems, we introduce the prototype of an interactive learning loop that uses the concept of direct semantics applied on satellite imagery. We solve a big problem in generating cartographic information layers from a fully automatic classification map and demonstrate it for the typical case of Landsat images.
Sensing Molecules with Metal–Organic Framework Functionalized Graphene Transistors (2021)

Graphene is inherently sensitive to vicinal dielectrics and local charge distributions, a property that can be probed by the position of the Dirac point in graphene field-effect transistors. Exploiting this as a useful sensing principle requires selectivity; however, graphene itself exhibits no molecule-specific interaction. Complementarily, metal-organic frameworks can be tailored to selective adsorption of specific molecular species. Here, a selective ethanol sensor is demonstrated by growing a surface-mounted metal-organic framework (SURMOF) directly onto graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). Unprecedented shifts of the Dirac point, as large as 15 V, are observed when the SURMOF/GFET is exposed to ethanol, while a vanishingly small response is observed for isopropanol, methanol, and other constituents of the air, including water. The synthesis and conditioning of the hybrid materials sensor with its functional characteristics are described and a model is proposed to explain the origin, magnitude, and direction of the Dirac point voltage shift. Tailoring multiple SURMOFs to adsorb specific gases on an array of such devices thus generates a versatile, selective, and highly sensitive platform for sensing applications.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Terahertz Communications (2022)

Terahertz (THz) band communication is a promising technology for the 6G wireless networks. However, due to very high spread attenuation and molecular absorption, THz frequencies provide a limited coverage area and need novel solutions to overcome these constraints. Further, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) is introduced to enhance the coverage area by reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment. Therefore, in this paper, an IRS-assisted THz system is designed and analyzed and referred to as IRS-TH system. The proposed IRS-TH significantly improves bit error rate (BER) performance by passive beamforming at the IRS panel. Impact of IRS-TH parameters such as different phase shifting methods, the position of IRS panel, and line-of-sight path is studied. Exhaustive simulation results show that the proposed IRS-TH can significantly enhance BER and sum-rate performance as compared to conventional THz system without IRS.
BEAT: Bioinformatics Exon Array Tool to store, analyze and visualize Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon Array data from disease experiments (2012)

Despite exon array chips being widely used for transcriptomics studies, there is a lack of analysis tools offering advanced statistical features and requiring no programming knowledge. BEAT provides a user-friendly platform for a comprehensive study of AS events in human diseases, displaying the analysis results with easily interpretable and interactive tables and graphics.
Production of Foreign Proteins in Tobacco Cell Suspension Culture (1998)

The transfer of foreign genes to plant cells is most often performed using the biological vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens (). This Agrobacterium-mediated introduction of cloned genes into plants has been widely used for promoter characterization using reporter genes, analysis of gene function, and protein targeting. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer has also been a method of choice for introducing genes that increase crop resistance to insects or viruses, or genes that encode foreign proteins of industrial or bio-pharmaceutical interest.
EtherShare: Share Information in JointCloud Environment Using Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts (2019)

With the development of cloud computing, a great amount of information is stored on cloud, such as Facebook, Twitter, and so on. Single cloud or company is not reliable enough for permanent information storage. Once the cloud or company is in downtime, users could lost their information. Multiple clouds can store the information with more security. However, in JointCloud environment, it is a big problem for multiple clouds or companies to maintain the common rights of information for each user. In this paper, we propose EtherShare, a blockchain-based application in JointCloud environment. EtherShare enables users to share information with permanent storage and open access. It keeps the rights of users through smart contracts to make consensus between multiple clouds. And this application is open source on Github.
Targeting H3K4 trimethylation in Huntington disease (2013)

Transcriptional dysregulation is an early feature of Huntington disease (HD). We observed gene-specific changes in histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at transcriptionally repressed promoters in R6/2 mouse and human HD brain. Genome-wide analysis showed a chromatin signature for this mark. Reducing the levels of the H3K4 demethylase SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons reversed down-regulation of key neuronal genes caused by mutant Huntingtin expression. Finally, reduction of SMCX/Jarid1c in primary neurons from BACHD mice or the single Jarid1 in a Drosophila HD model was protective. Therefore, targeting this epigenetic signature may be an effective strategy to ameliorate the consequences of HD.
Estrogen Actions on Neuroendocrine Glia (2010)

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that astrocytes are as diverse as neurons, having different phenotypes in various regions throughout the brain and participating in intercellular communication that involves signaling to neurons. It is not surprising then that astrocytes in the hypothalamus have an active role in the CNS regulation of reproduction. In addition to the traditional mechanism involving ensheathment of neurons and processes, astrocytes may have a critical role in regulating estrogen-positive feedback. Work in our laboratory has focused on the relationship between circulating estradiol and progesterone synthesized de novo in the brain. We have demonstrated that circulating estradiol stimulates the synthesis of progesterone in adult hypothalamic astrocytes, and this neuroprogesterone is critical for initiating the LH surge. Estradiol cell signaling is initiated at the cell membrane and involves the transactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1a (mGluR1a) leading to the release of intracellular stores of calcium. We used surface biotinylation to demonstrate that estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is present in the cell membrane and has an extracellular portion. Like other membrane receptors, ERalpha is inserted into the membrane and removed via internalization after agonist stimulation. This trafficking is directly regulated by estradiol, which rapidly and transiently increases the levels of membrane ERalpha, and upon activation, increases internalization that finally leads to ERalpha degradation. This autoregulation temporally limits membrane-initiated estradiol cell signaling. Thus, neuroprogesterone, the necessary signal for the LH surge, is released when circulating levels of estradiol peak on proestrus and activate progesterone receptors whose expression has been induced by the gradual rise of estradiol during follicular development.
PFD Output Monitoring for RF PLL BIST (2008)

With devices operating at ever increasing speed, high resolution RF circuit performances are rapidly becoming non measurable even with the use of RF dedicated testers at affordable costs. This work deals with the development of BIST techniques for RF PLLs. Our aim is to find test measures that are highly correlated to performances that are too costly to measure on-chip and/or on-tester, in order to reduce test time and resources for production test while maintaining standard quality. A BIST output is typically a Go/No-Go output digital signal (most often associated with a structural test). In this work, we will consider as BIST outputs low frequency outputs from embedded monitors (BIST sensors) that can be used by the tester for the evaluation of circuit performances by means of regression functions (Alternate Test). In particular, we will consider monitoring the output of the phase frequency detector (PFD) for PLL BIST purposes. Our case-study is a 65 nm CMOS RF PLL designed and manufactured at ST Microelectronics.
AUTOSAR and the automotive tool chain (2010)

This paper will present how the new concepts of the AUTOSAR system methodology influence the SW-development tool-chain landscape.
Steering deep brain stimulation fields using a high resolution electrode array (2010)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy relies on electrical stimulation of neuronal elements in small brain targets. However, the lack of fine spatial control over field distributions in current systems implies that stimulation easily spreads into adjacent structures that may induce adverse side-effects. This study investigates DBS field steering using a novel DBS lead design carrying a high-resolution electrode array. We apply computational models to simulate voltage distributions and DBS activation volumes in order to theoretically assess the potential of field steering in DBS. Our computational analysis demonstrates that the DBS-array is capable of accurately displacing activation volumes with sub-millimeter precision. Our findings demonstrate that future systems for DBS therapy may provide for more accurate target coverage than currently available systems achieve.
<i>Astragalus</i> Polysaccharide Suppresses 6‐Hydroxydopamine‐Induced Neurotoxicity in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2016)

Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China for a variety of conditions, including inflammatory and neural diseases. Astragalus polysaccharides are shown to reduce the adverse effect of levodopa which is used to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the neuroprotective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides per se in PD is lacking. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we investigated the protective effect of astragalan, an acidic polysaccharide isolated from A. membranaceus , against the neurotoxicity of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), a neurotoxin that can induce parkinsonism. We show that 6‐OHDA is able to degenerate dopaminergic neurons and lead to the deficiency of food‐sensing behavior and a shorter lifespan in C. elegans . Interestingly, these degenerative symptoms can be attenuated by astragalan treatment. Astragalan is also shown to alleviate oxidative stress through reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce the expression of proapoptotic gene egl-1 in 6‐OHDA‐intoxicated nematodes. Further studies reveal that astragalan is capable of elevating the decreased acetylcholinesterase activity induced by 6‐OHDA. Together, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of astragalan against 6‐OHDA neurotoxicity is likely due to the alleviation of oxidative stress and regulation of apoptosis pathway and cholinergic system and thus provide an important insight into the therapeutic potential of Astragalus polysaccharide in neurodegeneration.
Intelligent Supply Chain Management Modules Enabling Advanced Manufacturing for the Electric‐Mechanical Equipment Industry (2022)

Electric‐mechanical equipment manufacturing industries focus on the implementation of intelligent manufacturing systems in order to enhance customer services for highly customized machines with high‐profit margins such as electric power transformers. Intelligent manufacturing consists in using supply chain data that are integrated for smart decision making during the production life cycle. This research, in cooperation with a large electric power transformer manufacturer, provides an overview of critical intelligent manufacturing (IM) technologies. An ontology schema forms the terminology relationships needed to build two intelligent supply chain management (SCM) modules for the IM system demonstration. The two core modules proposed in this research are the intelligent supplier selection and component ordering module and the product quality prediction module. The intelligent supplier selection and component ordering module dispatches orders that match the best options of suppliers based on combined analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis and multiobjective integer optimization. In the case study, the intelligent supplier selection and component ordering module demonstrates several acceptable Pareto solutions based on strict constraints, which is a very challenging task for decision makers without assistance. The second module is the product quality prediction module which uses multivariate regression and ARIMA to predict the quality of the finished products. Results show that the R square values are very close to 1. The module shortens the time for the company to accurately judge whether the two semifinished iron cores for the product meet the quality requirements. The component supplier selection module and the finished product quality prediction module developed in this research can be extended to other IM systems for general high‐end equipment manufacturers using mass customization.
Realization of simple adaptive control by using parallel feedforward compensator (1994)

A problem is dealt with concerning a practical design scheme for a multi-input/multi-output simple adaptive control (SAC) system. The SAC method which was first derived as a sort of the direct model following adaptive control based on the command generator tracker (CGT) technique was fundamentally applicable to plants satisfying the so-called almost strictly positive real (ASPR) condition. However, the method can be applied to non-ASPR plants by using a parallel feedforward compensator (PFC), which makes the augmented plant including PFC be ASPR. Such a technique was proposed by Bar-Kana for plants satisfying the output feedback stabilizable condition. As an extension, the authors have proposed a simple and concrete PFC design procedure for SISO non-ASPR plants. The special feature of this proposal is that the method can be applicable to non-ASPR plants as the minimum phase system. The main aim of the paper is to give a practical design procedure of PFC for MIMO plants as a natural extension of the SISO case, so that an actual realization of MIMO SAC can be attained for a broad class of MIMO plants. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also confirmed through numerical simulations.
Transformation of neutrophils as indicator of irreversibility in hemorrhagic shock (1989)

Recent evidence shows that the presence of circulating neutrophils (PMNs) influences the lethal course and extent of ischemic injury associated with hemorrhagic shock. The objective of this study was to use the Wiggers shock model to investigate the correlation between the appearance of activated circulating PMNs as measured by the spontaneous reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium [(NBT)-positive PMNs] and survival rate. Rats were maintained at 35-mmHg arterial pressure for 90 min and then observed over 24 h for survival. This protocol resulted in 50% mortality. In all animals in which levels of circulating NBT-positive PMNs before bleeding were greater than 225 cells/mm3, the experimental procedure was lethal. Animals that initially had low numbers of NBT-positive PMNs (to approximately 135 cells/mm3) and maintained low counts during the hypotensive period consistently survived. Animals, which before bleeding had low NBT-positive PMN counts but during the course of hypotension significantly elevated their circulating count, have low probability for survival. In those cases in which high NBT-positive PMN counts occurred only later in the course of the hypotensive period, the rats survived. These results suggest that the number of circulating NBT-positive PMNs is a singular index for the trend toward irreversibility in this shock model.
Basic fibroblast growth factor can mediate the early inductive events in renal development. (1995)

The earliest characterized events during induction of tubulogenesis in renal anlage include the condensation or compaction of metanephrogenic mesenchyme with the concurrent upregulation of WT1, the gene encoding the Wilms tumor transcriptional activator/suppressor. We report that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) can mimic the early effects of an inductor tissue by promoting the condensation of mesenchyme and inhibiting the tissue degeneration associated with the absence of an inductor tissue. By in situ hybridization, FGF2 was also found to mediate the transcriptional activation of WT1 and of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene, c-met. Although FGF2 can induce these early events of renal tubulogenesis, it cannot promote the epithelial conversion associated with tubule formation in metanephrogenic mesenchyme. For this, an undefined factor(s) from pituitary extract in combination with FGF2 can cause tubule formation in uninduced mesenchyme. These findings support the concept that induction in kidney is a multiphasic process that is mediated by more than a single comprehensive inductive factor and that soluble molecules can mimic these inductive activities in isolated uninduced metanephrogenic mesenchyme.
IL-12 gene-deficient C57BL / 6 mice are susceptible to Leishmaniadonovani but have diminished hepatic immunopathology (2000)

To determine the in vivo role of IL-12 in the development of protective immunity in visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani, we examined the course of L. donovani infection in IL-12-deficient C57BL / 6 (IL-12– / –) mice. IL-12– / – mice displayed significantly higher parasite burdens in their livers and spleens than wild-type C57BL / 6 mice throughout the course of infection. Despite high parasite burdens, the onset of hepatosplenomegaly was significantly delayed in L. donovani-infected IL-12– / –. Moreover, livers and spleens from IL-12– / – mice displayed significantly less inflammation and poorly formed granulomatous lesions than those from IL-12+ / + mice throughout the course of infection. Antigen-stimulated splenocytes from IL-12– / – mice produced significantly less IFN-γ but more IL-4 than IL-12+ / + mice. These findings indicate that although endogenous IL-12 is critical for the development of protective immunity to L. donovani, it is also responsible for inducing the significant immunopathology associated with visceral leishmaniasis.
Security Aspects of the Extended Playfair Cipher (2011)

The well known multiple letter encryption cipher is the Playfair cipher. Here the digrams in the plaintext are treated as single units and converted into corresponding cipher text digrams. However because of the drawbacks inherent in the 5*5 Playfair cipher which adversely affects the security we proposed an 8*8 Playfair cipher and then coupled it with LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register) to make the traditional Playfair cipher at par with the advanced ciphers available like AES and DES. For details one can refer to. Now for all practical applications, performance and speed are also prime concerns besides security. The LFSR not only enhances the security up to a considerable level by generating random sequences but also provides a much faster rate of encryption and decryption. This paper deals in with the security issues of the new proposed system. Various types of cryptography attacks have been taken under consideration and the resistance of the proposed cipher to all these attacks has been discussed. At the end we find that the proposed cipher is not vulnerable to attacks.