gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Polymer Hydrogels Incorporating Thermodynamic and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors (2016)

This study investigates the hydrate formation characteristics of hydrogel particles containing thermodynamic or kinetic hydrate inhibitors. Hydrate onset time, hydrate fraction in the liquid phase, and torque changes were determined from the experiments using a high pressure autoclave. To simulate the mixture of water and liquid hydrocarbon encountered in subsea pipelines, decane was added corresponding to an initial 60% water-cut. In the liquid phase a high hydrate fraction was observed in the pure water + decane mixture with a local maximum in torque. For the hydrogel decane mixture, a lower hydrate fraction was observed, and the torque remained stable during the hydrate formation. The addition of 0.5 wt % of a commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor (Luvicap) to the aqueous phase (with no hydrogel) delayed the hydrate onset time, but several spikes in the torque were observed during the hydrate formation, which suggests that segregation and deposition of hydrate particles is occurring in the liquid phase. When Luvicap (0.5 wt %) was incorporated into the hydrogel particles at the same concentration, there was an increase in the hydrate onset time, and the torque remained stable during the hydrate formation. This study is the first attempt to achieve both kinetic hydrate inhibition and anti-agglomeration using polymer hydrogels. Moreover, the synthesized hydrogel is compatible with monoethylene glycol (MEG) solution, and the resulting MEG-hydrogel particles showed the hydrate formation characteristics of an under-inhibited system. These results suggest that the hydrogel particles can be utilized as a hybrid hydrate inhibitor because thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate inhibition performance can be coupled with the anti-agglomeration performance of the base hydrogel particles.
A new simple emulator circuit for current controlled memristor (2015)

This paper introduces a new and simple emulator circuit for a current controlled Memristor. The proposed emulator circuit consists of only two second-generation current conveyors (CCII+) to achieve the hysteresis behavior of the Memristor in the I-V plane. The emulator circuit satisfies the well-known fingerprints of Memristors. This circuit is very simple and realistic comparable to the previously published circuits. Here, mathematical analyses and PSPICE simulations are provided to validate the presented circuit. Experimental results show very good match with the simulation results.
Aerosol agent detection using spectroscopic characterization (2011)

We present here a brief description of our efforts to develop optical spectroscopic characterization and classification methods for air-borne biological particles. While the bulk of our experimental investigation has used laser-induced fluorescence in conjunction with incident laser elastic scattering, we have also developed novel methods for generating, handling, interrogating and collecting aerosol particles. A method known as a Structured Trigger Beam (STB) for obtaining optical measurements from individual aerosol particles that are normalized with respect to the instrument response function is described here. Our latest results will be included in our presentation.
Printed wiring board fabrication and lead elimination via single-bath electrodeposition (2001)

Printed wiring board (PWB) fabrication, an operation performed both at LLNL and throughout the electronics industry, generates considerable quantities of hazardous waste, notably lead-bearing materials used for soldering, tinning, and finish coating the circuits of the board. Hot-air solder leveling (HASL), the most common method of finishing is one of the main sources of hazardous lead-bearing wastes in traditional PWB manufacturing. The development of a safer finishing method will lead to employee health and environmental benefits. In addition, there is a production advantage to eliminating HASL, for it provides a fairly uneven surface that is problematic for mounting very small components. In this project, we developed ''single-bath electroplating'' as a potential HASL replacement technology for many applications. Single-bath electroplating involves alternating deposition of one or the other metal component of a bimetal bath, through control of plating potential and mass transport. It employs a nickel layer as both etch resist and finish coat and has the potential for lowering environmental and human-health risks associated with PWB manufacture--while at the same time reconfiguring the process for greater efficiency and profitability.
Microsaccade and drift dynamics reflect mental fatigue (2013)

Our eyes are always in motion. Even during periods of relative fixation we produce so-called 'fixational eye movements', which include microsaccades, drift and tremor. Mental fatigue can modulate saccade dynamics, but its effects on microsaccades and drift are unknown. Here we asked human subjects to perform a prolonged and demanding visual search task (a simplified air traffic control task), with two difficulty levels, under both free-viewing and fixation conditions. Saccadic and microsaccadic velocity decreased with time-on-task whereas drift velocity increased, suggesting that ocular instability increases with mental fatigue. Task difficulty did not influence eye movements despite affecting reaction times, performance errors and subjective complexity ratings. We propose that variations in eye movement dynamics with time-on-task are consistent with the activation of the brain's sleep centers in correlation with mental fatigue. Covariation of saccadic and microsaccadic parameters moreover supports the hypothesis of a common generator for microsaccades and saccades. We conclude that changes in fixational and saccadic dynamics can indicate mental fatigue due to time-on-task, irrespective of task complexity. These findings suggest that fixational eye movement dynamics have the potential to signal the nervous system's activation state.
Structure, composition and heparin binding properties of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein complex designated gC-II (1993)

The structure and heparin binding properties of a family of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) disulphide-linked glycoprotein complexes designated gC-II were analysed. gC-II complexes contain two groups of glycoproteins designated Group 1 and Group 2. These glycoproteins were separated from each other by short exposure of virions to a reducing agent. This showed that the disulphide bonds between these glycoproteins were on the external surface of the virion. Although these glycoproteins were no longer associated they were not released from the virion, suggesting that they were transmembrane glycoproteins. Approximately 75 to 90% of the gC-II complexes and 18% of the complexes containing the HCMV gB glycoprotein obtained from the virion envelope bound immobilized heparin. When virions were incubated with [3H]heparin, gC-II complexes bound more heparin than gB complexes, by approximately threefold. These data showed that gC-II complexes had a greater heparin-binding capacity. After treatment of virions with a reducing agent the affinity of gC-II glycoproteins for heparin was greatly reduced whereas the affinity of gB glycoproteins was only slightly reduced. Thus, higher order structure was important for heparin binding by gC-II complexes but not by those of gB. Relative to gC-II Group 1 glycoproteins, a greater portion of gC-II Group 2 glycoproteins still bound to heparin after reduction, suggesting that Group 2 glycoproteins may be the important heparin binding component of the gC-II complexes. Both gB and gC-II complexes were eluted from immobilized heparin with soluble heparin or 0.65 M-NaCl suggesting that both formed ionic bonds with heparin. Chondroitin sulphate was not effective at eluting HCMV envelope glycoproteins from immobilized heparin. Thus, the structure of the glucosaminoglycan backbone is important to the binding of HCMV glycoproteins to heparin.
Novel SiO<sub>2</sub>‐Supported Silyl‐Chromate(Cr)/Imido‐Vanadium(V) Bimetallic Catalysts Producing Polyethylene and Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymers with Bimodal Molecular‐Weight Distribution (2014)

Novel SiO 2 ‐supported silyl‐chromate(Cr)/imido‐vanadium(V) (Cr‐imidoV) bimetallic catalysts for ethylene and ethylene/α‐olefin polymerization are investigated. These catalysts are prepared using the residual surface hydroxyl groups in SiO 2 ‐supported imido‐vanadium catalysts to further support bis(triphenylsilyl) chromate (BC) in order to get the merits from both the SiO 2 ‐supported imido vanadium catalyst and the SiO 2 ‐supported silyl chromate S‐2 catalyst. By investigation of the polymerization behavior and the microstructures of their polymers, several vital factors such as the addition amount of imido vanadium active centers and the dosage of 1‐hexene in the ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization are systematically investigated. Compared with the traditional S‐2 catalyst and our previously reported SiO 2 ‐supported silyl‐chromate(Cr)/vanadium(V)‐oxide (Cr‐V) bimetallic catalyst, the novel Cr‐imidoV bimetallic catalysts show even higher activity and better 1‐hexene incorporation ability, together with higher molecular weight (MW) and bimodal molecular‐weight distribution (MWD). image
Sensor-assisted multiple access protocols for wireless networks (2002)

This paper describes a neural network-based system for stabilizing Aloha random access networks. A grid of sensors is used to gather energy measurements for the neural network. The neural network has been trained to estimate the number of colliding users in a given slot. This information is used to set the parameters of the backoff algorithm so as to stabilize the network. This information can also be used in conjunction with steerable beam antennas to develop geographically-determined Aloha subchannels, further increasing the throughput of the system.
Simultaneous photometric invariance and shape recovery (2009)

In this paper, we identify the constraints under which the generally ill-posed problem of simultaneous recovery of surface shape and its photometric invariants can be rendered tractable. We examine the cases where a single or more images are acquired using different lighting directions with known illuminant power. Given these conditions, we state the constraints upon which the recovery of the surface geometry and its photometric parameters can be estimated. With these constraints, we then show how the recovery process may be formulated as an optimisation algorithm which aims to fit the reflectance models under study to the image reflectance. The approach presented here is general and can be applied to a family of reflectance models that are based on the Fresnel reflection theory. Thus, we provide a theoretical and computational background for recovering shape, material index of refraction and microscopic roughness from multi-spectral images.
Assembly of the TLR2/6 Transmembrane Domains Is Essential for Activation and Is a Target for Prevention of Sepsis (2013)

TLR2, together with TLR1 and TLR6, is essential for detecting lipopeptides and bacterial cell wall components such as lipoteichoic acid from Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we report that transmembrane domain (TMD)-derived peptides from TLR2 and TLR6 specifically inhibit TLR2 activation. Secretion of the cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 by cultured macrophages (RAW264.7 cell line) was inhibited by these peptides in response to TLR2 activation by lipoteichoic acid (TLR2/6 activator) or palmitoyl (3)-Cys-Ser-Lys(4)-OH (TLR2/1 activator) but not by LPS (TLR4 activator). Extensive biophysical and biochemical assays, combined with GALLEX experiments, show that these peptides heterodimerize with their complementary TMDs on their reciprocal protein. These results suggest that TLR2/6/1 TMD assembly is essential for activating this complex. Importantly, when administered to mice inflicted by TLR2, but not TLR4-driven lethal inflammation, a selected peptide rescued 60% of these septic mice, showing potent in vivo inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 secretion. Furthermore, this peptide also showed high protection in a whole bacteria model. Owing to the importance of TLR2 regulation under a variety of pathological conditions, compounds that can fine-tune this activity are of great importance.
A nonproducer, interfering human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 provirus can be transduced through a murine leukemia virus-based retroviral vector: recovery of an anti-HIV mouse/human pseudotype retrovirus (1995)

The expression of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 provirus (F12-HIV) cloned from a nonproducer, chronically infected CD4 down-regulated Hut-78 cell clone (F12) does not lead to the formation of viral particles and, upon transfection in HeLa CD4+ cells, confers resistance to HIV superinfection without affecting the CD4 receptor exposure. In an attempt to transfer the anti-HIV properties of F12-HIV into human primary cell, we constructed a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based retroviral vector containing an F12-HIV genome lacking the 3' long terminal repeat and part of the nef gene, which was expressed under the control of its 5' long terminal repeat. The F12-HIV genome was inserted in the orientation opposite to that of the murine leukemia virus transcriptional unit and was designated the N2/F12-HIV nef-antisense vector. Lymphoblastoid CEMss cells, as well as human peripheral blood lymphocytes, were successfully transduced by the recombinant retrovirus emerging from the producer PA317 clones. CEMss clones expressing the F12-HIV nef-antisense vector became resistant to HIV superinfection even at the highest utilized multiplicity of infection (10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses per 10(6) cells). In transduced CEMss cells the viral interference induced by the F12-HIV expression is not due to CD4 HIV receptor down-regulation. Nonproducer, interfering HIV proviruses transduced into retroviral vectors may, therefore, provide an alternative strategy for the protection of CD4+ human primary cells from HIV infection, which strategy may be used in designating a safe and efficient gene therapy protocol for patients with AIDS.
Improving the Nonlinearity of Silica by Poling at Higher Temperature and Voltage (1997)

Thermal poling of silica offers the exciting prospect of achieving, for the first time, low-loss electro-optic switches and modulators in a fiber form, devices that can be fusion spliced to a single mode fiber with negligible loss, unlike any other existing modulator. For this to become possible, both the depth (a few microns) and the nonlinear coefficient (0.5-1 pm/V) of the nonlinear region induced in silica by standard thermal poling must be increased. These objectives may be met by optimizing the glass composition and/or the poling process.
On-Belt Analysis of Ash in Coal (2002)

A new neutron and gamma-ray analysis system has been developed for the direct on-conveyor belt analysis of ash in coal. This analysis system incorporates a method for ash measurements that is relatively independent of changes in segregation, belt loading, and ash composition. Consequently, the analysis system provides greater accuracy than on-belt dual energy gamma-ray transmission (DUET) gauges but at a much lower cost than by-line prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) analyzers and samplers. The NITA (Neutron Inelastic scatter and Thermal capture Analysis) method simultaneously measures prompt neutron inelastic scatter and thermal neutron capture gamma rays from bulk coal samples using a 241 Am-Be fast neutron source and bismuth germanate (BGO) detectors in transmission and backscatter geometries. The NITA method has been tested in both laboratory feasibility studies and, more recently, under simulated industrial conditions using a prototype analyzer. Measurements have been carried out on coal samples of ash contents from 6.7 to 49.4 wt% (dry basis (d.b.)) with variable ash composition and at thicknesses between 100 and 300 mm. The results show that accuracies of ∼0.5 wt% ash are achievable over a wide range of ash values, compositions, and thicknesses.
The Progressive Adaptation of a Georgian Isolate of African Swine Fever Virus to Vero Cells Leads to a Gradual Attenuation of Virulence in Swine Corresponding to Major Modifications of the Viral Genome (2014)

ABSTRACT African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a contagious and often lethal disease of feral and domestic swine. Experimental vaccines derived from naturally occurring, genetically modified, or cell culture-adapted ASFV have been evaluated, but no commercial vaccine is available to control African swine fever (ASF). We report here the genotypic and phenotypic analysis of viruses obtained at different passages during the process of adaptation of a virulent ASFV field isolate from the Republic of Georgia (ASFV-G) to grow in cultured cell lines. ASFV-G was successively passaged 110 times in Vero cells. Viruses obtained at passages 30, 60, 80, and 110 were evaluated in vitro for the ability to replicate in Vero cells and primary swine macrophages cultures and in vivo for assessing virulence in swine. Replication of ASFV-G in Vero cells increased with successive passages, corresponding to a decreased replication in primary swine macrophages cultures. In vivo , progressive loss of virus virulence was observed with increased passages in Vero cells, and complete attenuation of ASFV-G was observed at passage 110. Infection of swine with the fully attenuated virus did not confer protection against challenge with virulent parental ASFV-G. Full-length sequence analysis of each of these viruses revealed significant deletions that gradually accumulated in specific areas at the right and left variable ends of the genome. Mutations that result in amino acid substitutions and frameshift mutations were also observed, though in a rather limited number of genes. The potential importance of these genetic changes in virus adaptation/attenuation is discussed. IMPORTANCE The main problem in controlling ASF is the lack of vaccines. Attempts to produce vaccines by adaptation of ASFV to cultured cell lines have been made. These attempts led to the production of attenuated viruses that conferred only homologous protection. Specifics regarding adaptation of these isolates to cell cultures have been insufficiently described. Details like the numbers of passages required to obtain attenuated viruses, genetic modifications introduced into the virus genomes along passages, and the extent of attenuation and induced protective efficacy are not readily available. In this study, we assessed the changes that lead to decreased growth in swine macrophages and to attenuation in swine. Loss of virulence, probably associated with limited replication in vivo , may lead to the lack of protective immunity in swine observed after challenge. This report provides valuable information that can be used to further the understanding of ASFV gene function, virus attenuation, and protection against infection.
Real-time Image-Based Guidance Method for Lung-Cancer Assessment (2006)

The assessment of lung cancer involves off-line threedimensional (3D) computed-tomography (CT) image assessment followed by live bronchoscopy. While standard bronchoscopy provides live video of information inside the lung airways, it does not give any information outside the airways. This results in a low procedure success rate. The success rate can be improved if the physician receives 3D CT-based image guidance. We describe a fast robust method that provides 3D CT-based image guidance during live bronchoscopy. The method enables a continuous registration between the 3D CT image space and the real bronchoscopic video. At a top level, it involves an interleaving of continuous video tracking and CT-video fine registration. During video tracking, the bronchoscope’s 3D motion is estimated using a point-based 3D-2D pose estimation method. Registration is performed via a warpingbased Gauss-Newton method that uses a normalized crosscorrelation- based cost for measuring similarity between the bronchoscopic video and CT image data. The method operates at a real-time rate of 10 frames per second, which is over an order of magnitude faster than past approaches. This real-time performance enables live guidance during a procedure. The method is incorporated into a computerbased system for image-guided bronchoscopy and has been applied to human lung-cancer patients. Results are presented for a phantom and lung-cancer patients. Keywords: 3D medical imaging, video tracking, image registration, virtual endoscopy, image-guided surgery
Ultra-fast quantum randomness generation by accelerated phase diffusion in a pulsed laser diode (2014)

We demonstrate a high bit-rate quantum random number generator by interferometric detection of phase diffusion in a gain-switched DFB laser diode. Gain switching at few-GHz frequencies produces a train of bright pulses with nearly equal amplitudes and random phases. An unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to interfere subsequent pulses and thereby generate strong random-amplitude pulses, which are detected and digitized to produce a high-rate random bit string. Using established models of semiconductor laser field dynamics, we predict a regime of high visibility interference and nearly complete vacuum-fluctuation-induced phase diffusion between pulses. These are confirmed by measurement of pulse power statistics at the output of the interferometer. Using a 5.825 GHz excitation rate and 14-bit digitization, we observe 43 Gbps quantum randomness generation.
Humanized Anti-HM1.24 Antibody Mediates Myeloma Cell Cytotoxicity That Is Enhanced by Cytokine Stimulation of Effector Cells (1999)

To develop a new immunotherapy for multiple myeloma, we have generated a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that detects a human plasma cell-specific antigen, HM1.24. Our previous study has shown that mouse anti-HM1.24 MoAb inhibits the proliferation of human myeloma cells implanted into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. In this report, we evaluated the antitumor activity of the humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb (IgG1κ), which was constructed by grafting the complementarity-determining regions. In contrast to the parent mouse MoAb, humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against both myeloma cell lines and myeloma cells from patients in the presence of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs from untreated myeloma patients exhibited ADCC activity as efficiently as those of healthy donors. Although decreased ADCC activity of PBMCs was observed in patients who responded poorly to conventional chemotherapy, it could be significantly augmented by the stimulation with interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, or IL-15. There was a strong correlation between the percentage of CD16+ cells and ADCC activity in the PBMCs of myeloma patients. Moreover, peripheral blood stem cell collections from myeloma patients contained higher numbers of CD16+ cells than PBMCs and exhibited ADCC activity that was enhanced by IL-2. These results indicate that humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb has potential as a new therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma and that treatment of effector cells with immunomodulating cytokines can restore the effect of humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb in patients with diminished ADCC activity.