gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron dosimetry for low dose rate Cf-252 AT sources and adherence to recent clinical dosimetry protocol for brachytherapy (1997)

In 1995, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43 (AAPM TG-43) published a protocol obsoleting all mixed-field radiation dosimetry for Cf-252. Recommendations for a new brachytherapy dosimetry formalism made by this Task Group favor quantification of source strength in terms of air kerma rather than apparent Curies or other radiation units. Additionally, representation of this dosimetry data in terms of radial dose functions, anisotropy functions, geometric factors, and dose rate constants are in an angular and radial (spherical) coordinate system as recommended, rather than the along-away dosimetry data (Cartesian coordinate system) currently available. This paper presents the initial results of calculated neutron dosimetry in a water phantom for a Cf-252 applicator tube (AT) type medical source soon available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
Human pancreatitis-associated protein. Messenger RNA cloning and expression in pancreatic diseases. (1992)

A human pancreatic cDNA library was screened with the cDNA encoding rat "pancreatitis-associated protein" (PAP). The selected clone encoded a secretory protein structurally related to rat PAP. The protein had the same size as rat PAP and showed 71% amino acid identity, the six half-cystines being in identical positions. Domains of the proteins showing homologies with calcium-dependent lectins were also conserved. In addition, expression in pancreas of the genes encoding the human protein and rat PAP showed similar characteristics: both were expressed at very low levels in control tissue and overexpressed during the acute phase of pancreatitis, contrary to most secretory products. The human protein was therefore named human pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP-H). Antibodies raised to a synthetic peptide of PAP-H detected a single band with an M(r) compatible with PAP-H in Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from a pancreas presenting with acute pancreatitis. In that tissue, the protein could be immunolocalized to the apical regions of acinar cells. An immunoassay was also constructed to quantify the protein in serum. Elevated PAP-H levels were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis and in some patients with chronic pancreatitis. Values were close to background in healthy subjects and in patients with other abdominal diseases. These results confirm that PAP-H synthesis increases during inflammation and suggest a possible use of the protein as biological marker of acute pancreatitis.
Resolution of sulphydryl oxidase from γ-glutamyltransferase in bovine milk by covalent chromatography on cysteinylsuccinamidopropyl-glass (1983)

1. Sulphydryl oxidase from bovine milk was purified by covalent affinity chromatography on cysteinylsuccinamidopropyl-glass. Selective immobilization of the oxidase occurs through formation of a mixed disulphide between the enzyme and the substrate cysteinyl-glass matrix. Reductive elution of the bound protein can be accomplished with small thiols such as reduced glutathione (GSH), dithiothreitol or cysteine. This method leads to approx. 4000-fold purification of the enzyme from whey. Furthermore, complete resolution of sulphydryl oxidase from gamma-glutamyltransferase was achieved with this procedure. 2. Antibodies prepared against this purified enzyme quantitatively precipitated 95% of the GSH-oxidative activity from detergent-solubilized skim-milk membranes, whereas 100% of the transferase activity remained in the supernatant fraction; these findings confirmed the distinction between these two enzymes. 3. Reverse-phase high-pressure-liquid-chromatographic analyses of assay mixtures containing both enzymes revealed an array of GSH derivatives generated by a combination of the oxidative and hydrolytic activities. However, purified sulphydryl oxidase yielded only GSSG with concomitant stoichiometric loss of GSH. 4. The chromatographic method described is simple and reproducible, and may be applicable to isolation of sulphydryl oxidase from other tissues.
MeshGUI: A Mesh Generation and Editing Toolset for the ADCIRC Model (2008)

Abstract : The User's Manual for the Matlab-based MeshGUI Graphical User Interface (GUI) containing the software programs meshcreate.m and meshedit.m describes the software, including its functionality and usage. The meshcreate and meshedit tools provide a relatively automated and interactive means, respectively, for obtaining good quality finite element meshes that directly interface with the ADvanced CIRCulation Model (ADCIRC) through the fort.14 file. The resulting mesh, defined by a coastline boundary that inscribes connected linear triangles, discretizes a geographic region of interest for which the ADCIRC model is to be applied. The goals of the GUI-based meshcreate and meshedit tools are to provide some flexibility to the experienced user for designing or modifying a mesh while at the same time ensuring a quality mesh will result after only minimal input from the novice user.
Establishment and analysis of coupled dynamic model for dual-mass silicon micro-gyroscope (2017)

This paper presents a coupled dynamic model for a dual-mass silicon micro-gyroscope (DMSG). It can quantitatively analyze the influence of left-right stiffness difference on the natural frequencies, modal matrix and modal coupling coefficient of the DMSG. The analytic results are verified by using the finite element method (FEM) simulation. The model shows that with the left-right stiffness difference of 1%, the modal coupling coefficient is 12% in the driving direction and 31% in the sensing direction. It also shows that in order to achieve good separation, the stiffness of base beam should be small enough in both the driving and sensing direction.
PD64-07 A NOVEL URINE TEST HIGHLY SPECIFIC FOR PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION (2019)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the performance of PI-RADSv2 & a quantitative PI-RADSv1 based scoring system in 3T multiparametric-MRI (3TmpMRI) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection, grading & staging with whole-mount histopathology (WMHP) correlation.
Enzymatic Production of Ascorbic Acid-2-phosphate by Recombinant Acid Phosphatase (2017)

In this study, an environmentally friendly and efficient enzymatic method for the synthesis of l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-2P) from l-ascorbic acid (AsA) was developed. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase (PaAPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The optimal temperature, optimal pH, K<sub>m</sub>, k<sub>cat</sub>, and catalytic efficiency of recombinant PaAPase were 50 °C, 5.0, 93 mM, 4.2 s<sup>-1</sup>, and 2.7 mM<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The maximal dry cell weight and PaAPase phosphorylating activity reached 8.5 g/L and 1127.7 U/L, respectively. The highest AsA-2P concentration (50.0 g/L) and the maximal conversion (39.2%) were obtained by incubating 75 g/L intact cells with 88 g/L AsA and 160 g/L sodium pyrophosphate under optimal conditions (0.1 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup>, pH 4.0, 30 °C) for 10 h; the average AsA-2P production rate was 5.0 g/L/h, and the AsA-2P production system was successfully scaled up to a 7.5 L fermenter. Therefore, the enzymatic process showed great potential for production of AsA-2P in industry.
Validation of the protoporphyrin IX–triplet state lifetime technique for mitochondrial oxygen measurements in the skin (2012)

Mitochondrial oxygen tension can be measured in vivo by means of oxygen-dependent quenching of delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Here we demonstrate that mitochondrial PO(2) (mitoPO(2)) can be measured in the skin of a rat after topical application of the PpIX precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Calibration of mitoPO(2) measurements was done by comparison with simultaneous measurements of the cutaneous microvascular PO(2) This was done under three different conditions: in normal skin tissue, in nonrespiration skin tissue due to the application of cyanide, and in anoxic skin tissue after the ventilation with 100% nitrogen. The results of this study show that it is feasible to measure the mitoPO(2) after the topical application of ALA cream by means of the PpIX-triplet state lifetime technique.
Inter-platform assessment of performance of high-throughput desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2021)

High throughput analysis is increasingly relevant in both industry and academia, with applications reaching from enzymology and drug discovery to organic reaction optimization and diagnostics. Currently, chromatography-free mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have acquired an important role in this field due to their inherent speed, versatility, and chemical specificity. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS is one of these approaches, which allows for direct analysis of complex samples in the ambient environment, with throughputs better than 1 sample per second and no need for sample treatment. Here we assess the evolution of the high throughput DESI-MS analytical performance from the early DESI source developed by Prosolia Inc. to the recently commercialized version of Waters Corporation. The evaluation was carried out through both quantitative and qualitative analysis of biologically relevant compounds including metabolites, peptides, lipids and pharmaceuticals. Our results indicate that both platforms are successful at the direct analysis of these species even from complex matrices such as bioassay buffers. However, the newest iteration of the DESI stage, when combined with a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) instrument, provides higher sensitivity (1-3 orders of magnitude lower limits of detection) and reproducibility (ca. 10% average reduction in coefficients of variation for quantitation using an internal standard). The cases explored in this study also showcase the broad applicability of high throughput DESI-MS for bioanalysis and quality control.
The Quantum Interference Effect Transistor: Principles and Perspectives (2007)

We give a detailed discussion of the Quantum Interference Effect Transistor (QuIET), a proposed device which exploits interference between electron paths through aromatic molecules to modulate current flow. In the off state, perfect destructive interference stemming from the molecular symmetry blocks current, while in the on state, current is allowed to flow by locally introducing either decoherence or elastic scattering. Details of a model calculation demonstrating the efficacy of the QuIET are presented, and various fabrication scenarios are proposed, including the possibility of using conducting polymers to connect the QuIET with multiple leads.
Microbial desalination cell design & bioengineering assays: Main concepts (2021)

Abstract The main goal of this chapter is to present the main concepts and principles for the microbial desalination process. Also, a rational explanation of the electrochemical behaviour of the microbial desalination cell (MDC) setup under different experimental conditions is presented. The final section of the chapter shows the design and construction of an MDC pre-pilot unit, as well as the main results of desalination and water treatment capacity for the scaled-up device.
Breast Cancer Diagnostics Based on Spatial Genome Organization (2012)

Abstract : Genomes are non-randomly organized within the cell nucleus. Importantly, individual gene loci undergo changes to their spatial position during disease, including cancer. We exploited, for the first time, these changes in spatial gene positioning as a novel tool for the detection of invasive breast cancer. Repositioning events in cancer cells are not a reflection of a global spatial genome reorganization and are instead gene-specific. Out of 20 genes we examined, 8 occupied significantly different intra-nuclear positions in breast cancer compared to normal tissues. Such genes serve as Gene Positioning Biomarkers (GPBs). We have demonstrated that these GPBs can accurately distinguish normal from cancer tissues. Crucially for a diagnostic test, these repositioning events were specific to cancer. There is little variation in the spatial positioning patterns of genes amongst normal individuals and most genes did not reposition in the benign breast diseases hyperplasia and fibroadenoma. We also adapted the approach to the requirements in a clinical setting by developing a normalized standard reference distribution for all GPB genes and by demonstrating that multiplexed combinatorial gene markers can further improve sensitivity and specificity. Our observations provide the first proof-of-principle that the spatial positioning of the genome can be used for diagnostic applications.
DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION OF DUAL MASS DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER. FINAL REPORT (1992)

The incidence of antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, metronidazole and tetracycline in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsy specimens obtained in Alberta was investigated. Results for all antibiotics were obtained using agar dilution, and in addition to metronidazole, the E test was used. Resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline was not detected. Metronidazole resistance determined using agar dilution was approximately 12% (95% CI 4% to 26%) when minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were at least 8 micrograms/mL, but fell to 2% (95% CI 0.1% to 13%) when MICs were set at 32 micrograms/mL or greater. The E test for metronidazole resistance (MIC 8 micrograms/mL or greater) yielded a slightly higher percentage of resistant strains compared with agar dilution tests (14%, 95% CI 5% to 29%). One of the 31 strains was resistant to clarithromycin (MIC 8 micrograms/mL) and erythromycin (MIC 16 micrograms/mL). Thus, the incidence of resistance to clarithromycin, part of the currently used triple therapy for eradication of H pylori, was 3% (95% CI 0.1% to 17%).
Turn-key diode-pumped all-fiber broadband polarization-entangled photon source (2018)

In this article, we report a compact, low-power laser diode-pumped, all-fiber polarization-entangled photon pair source based on periodically-poled silica fiber technology. The all-fiber source offers room-temperature alignment-free turn-key operation with low power consumption, and is packaged into a fanless, portable enclosure. It features a broad biphoton spectrum of more than 100nm with a concurrence that is greater than 0.96 for polarization entanglement. The source is stable for at least 10 hours of continuous operation, achieving coincidence-to-accidental ratios of more than 2000 consistently over this time period.
Analysis of the specificity of anti‐pm‐scl autoantibodies (1994)

There was an overall similarity in reactivity to the PM-Scl antigen, but there were differences in the reactivity to the 70-kd and 37-kd proteins, as well as in the relative strength of the reactivity to the S2 protein.
High-Q micromechanical resonators in a two-dimensional phononic crystal slab (2009)

By creating line defects in the structure of a phononic crystal (PC) made by etching a hexagonal array of holes in a 15 μm thick slab of silicon, high-Q PC resonators are fabricated using a complimentary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process. The complete phononic band gap of the PC structure supports resonant modes with quality factors of more than 6000 at frequencies as high as 126 MHz. The confinement of acoustic energy is achieved by using only a few PC layers confining the cavity region. The calculated frequencies of resonance of the structure using finite element method are in a very good agreement with the experimental data. The performance of these PC resonator structures makes them excellent candidates for wireless communication and sensing applications.
Synthesis of High Purity Diamond Single Crystal. II. (1996)

High purity synthetic diamond crystals (type IIa) grown by the temperature gradient method with impurities less than 0. 1 ppm were studied on the crystal defects and residual strains in details by polarizing microscopy, double-crystal X-ray rocking curve measurement, X-ray topography and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the synthetic type IIa diamonds had less crystal defects and lower residual strain than natural diamonds or synthetic type I b diamonds did. Furthermore it was found that some of dislocations in the synthetic type IIa diamond could be removed and the crystal quality of the diamonds could be improved by using strain-free and low defect crystals for the seeds.
Common path ball lens probe for optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation) (2016)

Background: Common path probes are highly desirable for optical coherence tomography (OCT) as they reduce system complexity and cost. In this work we report an all-fiber common path side viewing monolithic probe for coronary artery imaging. Methods: Our common path probe was designed for spectrometer based Fourier domain OCT at 1310 nm wavelength. Light from the fiber expands in the coreless fiber region and then focussed by the ball lens. Reflection from ball lens-air interface served as reference signal. The monolithic ball lens probe was assembled within a 560 µmouter diameter drive shaft which was attached to a rotary junction. The drive shaft was placed inside an outer, transparent sheath of 800 µm diameter. Results: With a source input power of 25 mW, we could achieve sensitivity of 100.5 dB. The axial resolution of the system was found to be 15.6 µm in air and the lateral resolution (full width half maximum) was approximately 49 µm. As proof of principal, images of skin acquired using this probe demonstrated clear visualization of the stratum corneum, epidermis, and papillary dermis, along with sweat ducts. Conclusion: In this work we have demonstrated a monolithic, ball lens common, path probe for OCT imaging. The designed ball lens probe is easy to fabricate using a laser splicer. Based on the features and capability of common path probes to provide a simpler solution for OCT, we believe that this development will be an important enhancement for certain types of catheters.
Passivity-based Nonlinear STATCOM Controller Design for Improving Transient Stability of Power Systems (2005)

This paper presents a novel nonlinear control scheme for designing Static Synchronous Compensators (STAT COM). A passivity-based approach is proposed for designing robust nonlinear STATCOM controller. The mathematical model of STATCOM will be represented by a Euler-Lagrange (EL) system corresponding to a set of EL parameters. By employing the Park’s transformation, the differential geometry approach is used to investigate the power system dynamics with considering STATCOM under the synchronous d-q frame. The STATCOM controller based on passivity is obtained with a feedback control law from linear system models. Digital computer simulation for a large operation point variations have been studied the STATCOM controller design. Simulation results show that the proposed STATCOM controller can effectively enhance transient stability of the power system even in the presence of large operation point variations.
Galvanometer beam-scanning system for laser fiber drawing (1979)

A major difficulty in using a laser to draw optical fibers from a glass preform has been uniformally distributing the laser's energy around the melt zone. Several systems have evolved in recent years, but to date the most successful technique has been the off-axis rotating lens system (RLS). The inability of this device to structure efficiently and dynamically the heat zone longitudinally along the preform has restricted its use to preform of less than 8-mm diameter. A new technique reported here employs two orthogonal mounted mirrors, driven by galvanometers to distribute the laser energy around the preform. This system can be retrofitted into the RLS to replace the rotating lens element. The new system, the galvanometer scanning system (GSS), operates at ten times the rotational speed of the RLS and can instantaneously modify the melt zone. The ability of the GSS to enlarge the melt zone reduces the vaporization rate at the surface of the preform permitting efficient use of higher laser power. Experiments i dicate that fibers can be drawn from significantly larger preforms by using the expanded heat zone provided by the GSS.
A Novel <scp>l</scp> -Asparaginase with low <scp>l</scp> -Glutaminase Coactivity Is Highly Efficacious against Both T- and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias <i>In Vivo</i> (2018)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of pediatric cancer, although about 4 of every 10 cases occur in adults. The enzyme drug l-asparaginase serves as a cornerstone of ALL therapy and exploits the asparagine dependency of ALL cells. In addition to hydrolyzing the amino acid l-asparagine, all FDA-approved l-asparaginases also have significant l-glutaminase coactivity. Since several reports suggest that l-glutamine depletion correlates with many of the side effects of these drugs, enzyme variants with reduced l-glutaminase coactivity might be clinically beneficial if their antileukemic activity would be preserved. Here we show that novel low l-glutaminase variants developed on the backbone of the FDA-approved <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> l-asparaginase were highly efficacious against both T- and B-cell ALL, while displaying reduced acute toxicity features. These results support the development of a new generation of safer l-asparaginases without l-glutaminase activity for the treatment of human ALL.<b>Significance:</b> A new l-asparaginase-based therapy is less toxic compared with FDA-approved high l-glutaminase enzymes <i>Cancer Res; 78(6); 1549-60. ©2018 AACR</i>.
A probabilistic level set formulation for interactive organ segmentation (2007)

Level set methods have become increasingly popular as a framework for image segmentation. Yet when used as a generic segmentation tool, they suffer from an important drawback: Current formulations do not allow much user interaction. Upon initialization, boundaries propagate to the final segmentation without the user being able to guide or correct the segmentation. In the present work, we address this limitation by proposing a probabilistic framework for image segmentation which integrates input intensity information and user interaction on equal footings. The resulting algorithm determines the most likely segmentation given the input image and the user input. In order to allow a user interaction in real-time during the segmentation, the algorithm is implemented on a graphics card and in a narrow band formulation.