gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Military Data Link Integration Application (2004)

Abstract : The military uses tactical data link radios to send and receive digital voice, data, and video between vehicles and command and control facilities. These data link radios are interfaced to various mission computers and display systems. As outlined in the Joint Tactical Data Link Management Plan, a wide range of legacy military platforms will be upgraded to incorporate new data link radios through 2015 and beyond. The upgrade costs to do this will be enormous if traditional subsystem upgrade approaches are used. A need exists for a common, scalable and low cost military data link integration solution that can be used in multiple and disparate platform applications. The author will discuss such a design approach that can be used on each military platform application. The solution processes new and evolving messages with a database driven design so that the user can control message activation, deactivation, and processing instructions for each unique platform application. The database used for this capability is created by and maintained by the user. This allows a common design to work and to evolve on each unique platform without the need to modify the operational software.
Activation of Mg implanted in GaN by multicycle rapid thermal annealing (2014)

A long‐standing goal of GaN device research has been the development of a reliable, well‐controlled process for p‐GaN formation by ion implantation. Results to date have indicated an activation of 1% or less using high‐temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) techniques and coimplantation. Although Mg is a relatively deep acceptor, this is still much less than the theoretically achievable value (8.2% based on the 160 meV acceptor level). A multicycle RTA process is presented that is capable of achieving up to 8% activation of the Mg‐implanted GaN. This approaches the theoretical value, and represents a significant step in GaN device research.
Characterization of EHop‐016, a novel small molecule inhibitor of Rac GTPase (2012)

The Rho GTPase Rac regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization to form cell surface extensions (lamellipodia) required for cell migration/invasion during cancer metastasis. Interference of the interaction of Rac with its direct upstream activators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) is a viable strategy for inhibiting cancer progression. We synthesized EHop‐016, a novel inhibitor of Rac activity, based on the structure of the established Rac/Rac‐GEF inhibitor NSC23766 . Herein, we demonstrate that EHop‐016 inhibits Rac activity in the MDA‐MB‐435 metastatic cancer cells that overexpress Rac and exhibit high endogenous Rac activity. The IC 50 of 1.1 μM for Rac inhibition by EHop‐016 is ~100‐fold lower than for NSC23766 . EHop‐016 is specific for Rac1 and Rac3 at concentrations ≤ 5 μM. At higher concentrations, EHop‐016 inhibits the close homolog Cdc42. In MDA‐MB‐435 cells, EHop‐016 (≤ 5 μM) inhibits the association of the Rac‐GEF Vav2 with a nucleotide‐free Rac1(G15A), which has a high affinity for activated GEFs. However, EHop‐016 does not affect the association of the Rac‐GEF Tiam‐1 with Rac1(G15A) at similar concentrations. EHop‐016 decreases Rac‐downstream effects of p21‐activated kinase (PAK)1 activity and directed migration of metastatic cancer cells. Therefore, EHop‐016 holds promise as a targeted therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic cancers with high Rac and Vav2 activity.
Can a Coupling Coefficient of a Piezoelectric Device be Higher Than Those of Its Active Material? (1997)

An electromechanical coupling coefficient is a measure of the effectiveness with which a piezoelectric material (or a device employing such a material) converts the energy in an imposed electrical signal to mechanical energy, or vice versa. There are different kinds of material and device coupling coefficients, corresponding to different modes of excitation and response. Device coupling coefficients are properties of the device and, although related to the material coupling coefficients, are generally different from them. It is commonly held that a device coupling coefficient cannot be greater than some corresponding coupling coefficient of the active material used in the device. A class of devices was recently identified in which the apparent coupling coefficient can, in principle, approach 1.0, which corresponds to the limit of perfect electromechanical energy conversion. The key feature of this class of devices is the use of destabilizing mechanical pre-loads to counter inherent stiffness. The approach is illustrated for a symmetric piezoelectric bimorph device: theory predicts a smooth increase of the apparent coupling coefficient with pre-load, approaching 1.0 at the buckling load. An experiment verified the trend of increasing coupling with pre-load: a load corresponding to 50% of the buckling load increased the bimorph coupling coefficient by more than 40%. This approach provides a way to simultaneously increase both the operating displacement and force of a piezoelectric device, distinguishing it from alternatives such as motion amplification. and may allow transducer designers to achieve substantial performance gains for some actuator and sensor devices.
Determination of Wax Precipitation Temperature and Amount of Precipitated Solid Wax versus Temperature for Crude Oils Using FT-IR Spectroscopy (2001)

Wax precipitation in crude oils can produce problems in production and transportation operations. A novel FT-IR spectroscopy method is described for the determination of the wax precipitation temperature (WPT), and the estimation of the amount of precipitated solid wax material (both crystalline and amorphous) present in petroleum crude oils. A reference model oil system is analyzed using the described method. Comparisons are provided between FT-IR generated data and data generated using conventional analyses for Alaska North Slope, Utah, and Gulf of Mexico crude oils. The FT-IR method is shown to provide comparative results with conventional analysis methods, and offers several advantages over existing test methods.
Photoelectrochemical passivation of GaAs surfaces (1983)

A wet chemical technique is described for passivating air-exposed GaAs surfaces. The passivating layer is elemental arsenic which forms as a result of illuminating an n-type GaAs wafer immersed in a mixture of HCl acid and deionized 18 MΩ water with light from a mercury vapor lamp at intensities of 0.01–0.05 W-cm−2. Studies using XPS, LEED, and UPS show that the passivated surfaces have the following properties: (1) there is little or no Ga or Ga and As oxide species in the As film or at the film/GaAs interface; (2) a strong GaAs LEED pattern is observed after a 290 °C anneal following low energy ion beam bombardment. This suggests that the As/GaAs interface formed by photoetching is free of contaminates and that the GaAs surface is well ordered prior to ion bombardment or heat treatment. Thus, clean, well ordered surface of GaAs which have been previously air exposed can now be obtained at lower temperatures than previously. This creates new possibilities for surface studies, epitaxy, and metallization.
Enabling Privacy as a Fundamental Construct for Social Networks (2009)

The current set of social networking platforms, e.g. Facebook and MySpace, has created a new class of Internet applications called social software. These systems focus on leveraging the real life relationships of people and augment them with the facilities and the richness of the Web. The large number of social applications and the even larger user populations of these social networks are proving that this new class of software is useful and complements modern life. However, social platforms and software are not without drawbacks and significant concerns. One of the most important considerations is the need to allow strong security and privacy protections. In addition, these protections need to be easy to use and apply uniformly across platforms and applications. While most of the leading social platforms have primitives for providing privacy in the platform and the applications, we argue that they are insufficient. In particular, the privacy primitives lack ease of use, are too plentiful, do not fully apply to third party applications, and do not take full advantage of the social graphs that users implicitly build on these platforms. This paper provides a first step in resolving these issues.
Artificial Dielectric Polarizing Beam Splitter for the THz Region (2017)

We experimentally demonstrate a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) for the THz frequency region, based on artificial dielectrics. The PBS exhibits power efficiencies as high as 95% and extinction ratios as high as 104:1.
Comparison of primers and optimization of PCR conditions for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water (1997)

Eight pairs of published PCR primers were evaluated for the specific detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water. Detection sensitivities ranged from 1 to 10 oocysts or cysts for purified preparations and 5 to 50 oocysts or cysts for seeded environmental water samples. Maximum sensitivity was achieved with two successive rounds of amplification and hybridization, with oligonucleotide probes detected by chemiluminescence. Primer annealing temperatures and MgCl2 concentrations were optimized, and the specificities of the primer pairs were determined with closely related species. Some of the primers were species specific, while others were only genus specific. Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was demonstrated with primers amplifying 256- and 163-bp products from the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium and the heat shock protein gene of Giardia, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential utility of PCR for the detection of pathogenic protozoa in water but emphasize the necessity of continued development.
Defect Physics of Pseudo-cubic Mixed Halide Lead Perovskites from First Principles (2019)

Owing to the increasing popularity of lead-based hybrid perovskites for photovoltaic (PV) applications, it is crucial to understand their defect physics and its influence on their optoelectronic properties. In this work, we simulate various point defects in pseudo-cubic structures of mixed iodide-bromide and bromide-chloride methylammonium lead perovskites with the general formula MAPbI_{3-y}Br_{y} or MAPbBr_{3-y}Cl_{y} (where y is between 0 and 3), and use first principles based density functional theory computations to study their relative formation energies and charge transition levels. We identify vacancy defects and Pb on MA anti-site defect as the lowest energy native defects in each perovskite. We observe that while the low energy defects in all MAPbI_{3-y}Br_{y} systems only create shallow transition levels, the Br or Cl vacancy defects in the Cl-containing pervoskites have low energy and form deep levels which become deeper for higher Cl content. Further, we study extrinsic substitution by different elements at the Pb site in MAPbBr_{3}, MAPbCl_{3} and the 50-50 mixed halide perovskite, MAPbBr_{1.5}Cl_{1.5}, and identify some transition metals that create lower energy defects than the dominant intrinsic defects and also create mid-gap charge transition levels.
A new enhancement method for digital video applications (2002)

A new approach for digital video enhancement is proposed in order to achieve optimal picture quality for MPEG encoded video. It takes account of the special characteristics of the encoded video by defining a usefulness metric for enhancement (UME). This metric is calculated based on coding information and local spatial features to quantify how much a pixel can be enhanced without boosting coding artifacts. Motion estimation and scene change detection are integrated in the proposed algorithm to improve the temporal consistency. The idea proposed here can be applied to improve the performance of video enhancement algorithms for digital compressed sources. To demonstrate the potential of the new approach, the UME is applied to a spatial-domain sharpness enhancement algorithm. Experimental results show significant improvement with respect to the algorithm without the UME for various video sequences containing coding artifacts. This new approach can be incorporated into future digital video products (e.g. DVD recorders, set-top boxes, digital TVs, etc) in order to achieve superior picture quality for encoded video.
A Provably Good Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing-Aware Clustering Algorithm for On-Chip Optical Routing (2020)

As the VLSI technology continues to scale down, combined with increasing demands for large bandwidth and low-power consumption, the optical interconnections with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) become an attractive alternative for on-chip signal transmission. Previous WDM-aware optical routing works consist of two main drawbacks: they are based mainly on heuristics or restricted integer linear programming to handle optical routing, and the addressed types of transmission loss and WDM overheads are incomplete. As a result, no performance guarantees can be achieved on their WDM clustering results, and/or their computations are too time-consuming. To remedy these disadvantages, we present a polynomial-time provably good WDM-aware clustering algorithm and a new WDM-aware optical routing flow to minimize the transmission loss and the WDM overheads with a significant speedup. The proposed WDM-aware clustering algorithm guarantees to find an optimal solution for 1-, 2-, and 3-path clustering, and has the constant performance bound 3 for most cases of 4-path clustering. Experimental results based on the ISPD 2007 and 2019 contest benchmarks and a real optical design show that our optical router significantly outperforms published works in wirelength, transmission loss, wavelength power, and runtimes.
Pluripotent Stem Cell miRNAs and Metastasis in Invasive Breast Cancer (2014)

In healthy tissues the MIR302(high)/MIR203(low) asymmetry was characteristic of embryonic and induced pluripotency. In invasive ductal carcinoma, the MIR302/MIR203 asymmetry was associated with stem cell markers, metastasis, and shorter survival.
Minimizing Effort and Risk with Network Change Deployment Planning (2021)

Networks undergo continuous changes to introduce new services and improve existing ones. Network change deployment involves carefully deciding when each change activity will be executed and who will be executing the change. This is a complex process because each service group has to plan its activities following a set of operational and technological constraints. Besides, multiple groups may be working on the same or dependent nodes at the same time, and they must coordinate their deployment plans. If they do not co-ordinate, conflicting change execution could result in unexpected impacts. Traditionally, change deployment has been a tedious and time-consuming task. To address this, we propose an innovative solution Zapper that aims for minimal human effort to coordinate the changes, minimal risk to service quality, and efficient plans to rapidly deploy the changes. Zapper maps change scheduling constraints into mathematical equations and then uses optimization algorithms to generate conflict-free change plans that satisfy all constraints across service groups. We have deployed Zapper at a large service provider and it is being used regularly by the network operations teams for more than two years to schedule over 4.5 million change activities.
<title>Supervised learning of tools for content-based search of image databases</title> (1996)

A computer environment, called the Toolkit for Image Mining (TIM), is being developed with the goal of enabling users with diverse interests and varied computer skills to create search tools for content-based image retrieval and other pattern matching tasks. Search tools are generated using a simple paradigm of supervised learning that is based on the user pointing at mistakes of classification made by the current search tool. As mistakes are identified, a learning algorithm uses the identified mistakes to build up a model of the user's intentions, construct a new search tool, apply the search tool to a test image, display the match results as feedback to the user, and accept new inputs from the user. Search tools are constructed in the form of functional templates, which are generalized matched filters capable of knowledge- based image processing. The ability of this system to learn the user's intentions from experience contrasts with other existing approaches to content-based image retrieval that base searches on the characteristics of a single input example or on a predefined and semantically- constrained textual query. Currently, TIM is capable of learning spectral and textural patterns, but should be adaptable to the learning of shapes, as well. Possible applications of TIM include not only content-based image retrieval, but also quantitative image analysis, the generation of metadata for annotating images, data prioritization or data reduction in bandwidth-limited situations, and the construction of components for larger, more complex computer vision algorithms.
Scalable Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Membranes: The Effect of GO Size on Properties and Cross-Flow Filtration Performance (2017)

Chitosan (CS)-graphene oxide (GO) composite films were fabricated, characterized, and evaluated as pressure-driven water filtration membranes. GO particles were incorporated into a chitosan polymer solution to form a suspension that was cast as a membrane via evaporative phase inversion allowing for scale-up for cross-flow testing conditions. Morphology and composition results for nano and granular GO in the CS matrix indicate that the particle size of GO impacts the internal membrane morphology as well as the structural order and the chemical composition. Performance of the membranes was evaluated with cationic and anionic organic probe molecules and revealed charge-dependent mechanisms of dye removal. The CSGO membranes had rejections of at least 95% for cationic methylene blue with mass balances obtained from measurements of the feed, concentrate, and permeate. This result suggests the dominant mechanism of removal is physical rejection for both GO particle sizes. For anionic methyl orange, the results indicate sorption as the dominant mechanism of removal, and performance is dependent on both GO particle size and time, with micrometer-scale GO removing 68-99% and nanometer-scale GO showing modest removal of 29-64%. The pure water flux for CSGO composite membranes ranged from 2-4.5 L/m<sup>2</sup> h at a transmembrane pressure of 344 kPa (3.44 bar), with pure water permeance ranging from 5.8 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 0.01 L/m<sup>2</sup> h kPa (0.58-1.3 L/m<sup>2</sup> h bar). Based on the 41 μm membrane thickness obtained from microscopy, the hydraulic permeability ranged from 0.24-0.54 L μm/m<sup>2</sup> h kPa (24.4-54.1 L μm/m<sup>2</sup> h bar).
Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (2008)

We propose a developing technology called Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM), whose innovation is two fold: (1) The design of an invariant ~3mm lateral resolution dynamic-focusing probe; (2) A data acquisition and fusion scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Benzyl‐3‐(5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furyl)selenolo[3,2‐c]pyrazole Derivatives as New Anticancer Agents. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Targeting of embryonic annexin A2 expressed on ovarian and breast cancer by the novel monoclonal antibody 2448 (2018)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play an increasingly important role in cancer therapy. To address the wide heterogeneity of the disease, the identification of novel antigen targets and the development of mAbs against them are needed. Our lab previously generated a panel of mAbs against human embryonic stem cells (hESC) using a whole cell immunization approach in mice. These mAbs can potentially target oncofetal antigens and be repurposed for antibody or antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapy. From this panel, the novel IgG1 2448 was found to bind surface antigens on hESC and multiple cancer cell lines. Here, we show 2448 targets a unique glycan epitope on annexin A2 (ANXA2) and can potentially monitor the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in ovarian and breast cancer. To evaluate 2448 as a potential drug, 2448 was engineered and expressed as a chimeric IgG1. Chimeric 2448 (ch2448) demonstrated efficient and specific killing when conjugated to cytotoxic payloads as an ADC. In addition, ch2448 elicited potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Further engineering of ch2448 to remove fucose in the Fc domain enhanced ADCC. Overall, these findings indicate that embryonic ANXA2 is an attractive target and suggest that ch2448 is a promising candidate for further therapeutic development.
NLOS Identification and Weighted Least-Squares Localization for UWB Systems Using Multipath Channel Statistics (2007)

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification and mitigation carry significant importance in wireless localization systems. In this paper, we propose a novel NLOS identification technique based on the multipath channel statistics such as the kurtosis, the mean excess delay spread, and the root-mean-square delay spread. In particular, the IEEE 802.15.4a ultrawideband channel models are used as examples and the above statistics are found to be well modeled by log-normal random variables. Subsequently, a joint likelihood ratio test is developed for line-of-sight (LOS) or NLOS identification. Three different weighted least-squares (WLSs) localization techniques that exploit the statistics of multipath components (MPCs) are analyzed. The basic idea behind the proposed WLS approaches is that smaller weights are given to the measurements which are likely to be biased (based on the MPC information), as opposed to variance-based WLS techniques in the literature. Accuracy gains with respect to the conventional least-squares algorithm are demonstrated via Monte-Carlo simulations and verified by theoretical derivations.
Experimental study of gyro sensor using double-ended tuning fork quartz resonator (2005)

We have conducted an experimental study to examine a flatly supported gyro sensor using a double-ended tuning fork quartz resonator set in parallel with the rotating plane. We verified experimentally that the double-ended tuning fork resonator functions as a gyro sensor. We herein clarify some of the features of the gyro sensor by discussing its advantages and disadvantages. The resonator is designed to have high efficiency in detection, applying simulation using the finite element method, and is finely fabricated by photolithography and wet etching. As a result, the resonator is fabricated without the problems associated with the gyro sensor. In addition, we confirm experimentally that the prototype gyro sensor can practically detect the angular velocity. Consequently, we have clarified that the double-ended tuning fork quartz resonator could be practically used as a flatly supported gyro sensor.