gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Rateless to Distanceless: Enabling Sparse Sensor Network Deployment in Large Areas (2015)

This paper presents a distanceless networking approach for wireless sensor networks sparsely deployed in large areas. By leveraging rateless codes, we provide distanceless transmission to expand the communication range of sensor motes and fully exploit network diversity. We address a variety of practical challenges to accommodate rateless coding on resource-constrained sensor motes and devise a communication protocol to efficiently coordinate the distanceless link transmissions. We propose a new metric (expected distanceless transmission time) for routing selection and further adapt the distanceless transmissions to low duty-cycled sensor networks. We implement the proposed scheme in TinyOS on the TinyNode platform and deploy the sensor network in a real-world project, in which 12 wind measurement sensors are installed around a large urban reservoir of 2.5 × 3.0 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to monitor the field wind distribution. Extensive experiments show that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for data collection in sparse sensor networks.
Isolation and characterization of a wound inducible phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase gene (<i>LsPAL1</i>) from Romaine lettuce leaves (2004)

Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) catalyses the first step controlling the rate of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Wounding is a ubiquitous stress in nature and in the harvesting and preparation of fruits and vegetables that induces an increase in PAL activity, an accumulation of phenolic compounds and subsequent tissue browning. A wound‐inducible PAL gene ( LsPAL1 ) was isolated from Romaine lettuce by RT‐PCR. The putative protein encoded by LsPAL1 is similar to predictive polypeptides sequences for other PALs. The kinetics of PAL mRNA accumulation is similar to those of induced PAL enzyme activity, with enzyme activity following mRNA accumulation by 12 h. Wound‐induced PAL transcripts accumulated in cells close to the wound sites. Tissue printing showed that PAL mRNA was associated with tissue next to the epidermis and vascular bundles. A heterologous PAL protein was expressed in E. coli and was found to show significant PAL activity.
A Novel Catalyst Ag/MgO-CeO2-Al2O3 for the Low-temperature Ethanol- SCR of NO under lean de-NOx Conditions (2012)

The present work reports data on a novel catalyst having excellent activity, selectivity and stability for the selective reduction of nitric oxide to nitrogen in the presence of ethanol or ethanol/hydrogen mixture as reducing agent, in the low temperature range of 150-300°C and in the presence of excess oxygen, H2O and SO2 in the feed. The novelty of the present catalyst compared to other patented ones, for the reaction at hand, lies upon the simplicity and the remarkably low Ag loading (wt%) used, characteristics that are required for a practical application. In addition, the latter catalyst shows significant activity (rate of NO reduction) at much lower temperatures (below 300°C) compared to other already patented catalysts. The present inventive catalyst consists of silver crystals that are in contact with a mixed oxide support comprised of MgO, CeO2 and Al2O3 in 1:1:2 wt% ratio. This novel catalyst presents high activity in terms of NO conversion (XNO = 60-90%) and high selectivities towards N2 (SN2 = 92-95%) and CO2 (SCO2 > 97%) in the range of 150-400°C, at a GHSV of 40,000 h-1 and using a feed stream of 0.05vol% NO, 0.1vol% EtOH, 5vol% O2 and 5vol% H2O. To our knowledge, this is the highest selectivity towards N2 and CO2 ever reported. In addition, the current catalyst shows remarkable stability with time on stream and in the presence of 5 vol% H2O and 50 ppm SO2 in the feed stream. After 48 h on stream the patented catalyst retains its stability expressed in high activity (XNO > 80%) and selectivities to N2 (SN2 > 95%) and CO2 (SCO2 > 97%). Keywords: Ethanol-SCR, HC-SCR, Lean de-NOx, NO reduction, supported-Ag.
ChemInform Abstract: Antineoplastic Agents. Part 150. The Structure and Synthesis of Dolastatin 3. (1988)

Abstract The structure of the title compound (IV) is unequivocally confirmed by 1 H NMR measurements.
Large field-of-view and high resolution free-form head-mounted display (2010)

An eyepiece based on a wedge-shaped free-form prism is successfully designed and developed. A wide-angle tiled HMD with reasonable resolution using the prism eyepieces are proposed and discussed. A prototype result is presented.
Soft x-ray generation in laser-produced plasmas (1987)

The dynamics of x-ray generation and energy transport in high-energy density matter, which is easily produced using a laboratory-scale high-power laser, has been investigated.
A Thick Origami Traveling Wave Antenna (2020)

This paper presents a thick origami foldable traveling wave antenna. A typical microstrip rampart-line antenna is appropriately modified to enable folding/unfolding capability using a surrogate hinge. This antenna is designed on a 1.5 mm-thick FR4 substrate circularly polarized at 3.4 GHz and exhibits a peak gain of approximately 2.85 dB at broadside.
The use of vitamin D3 to improve beef tenderness. (2000)

An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that short-term oral administration of dietary vitamin D3 to beef cattle before slaughter would increase beef tenderness through greater calcium-activated calpain activity in postmortem aged skeletal muscle. Thirty continental crossbred steers were allotted randomly to three treatment groups housed in one pen. One group served as a control; two other groups were administered boluses with either 5 x 10(6) or 7.5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D3 daily for 9 d. Cattle were slaughtered 1 d later. The longissimus lumborum was excised from each carcass 72 h postmortem and steaks removed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem. The semimembranosus muscle (top round) was excised from each carcass 72 h postmortem and steaks removed at 7, 14, and 21 d postmortem. Blood plasma calcium concentration of cattle treated with 5 or 7.5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D3 was higher (P < .05) than that of controls. Strip loin and top loin steaks from cattle fed supplemental doses of vitamin D3 had lower (P < .05) Warner-Bratzler (W-B) shear values at 14 d postmortem but were not significantly different from controls at 3, 7, or 21 d (strip loins) or 7 or 21 d (top rounds). No significant difference in strip loin steak tenderness was observed by sensory panel at 14 d postmortem (P < .17) between steaks from control and vitamin D3-treated steers. At 14 d postmortem, strip loin and top round steaks from cattle fed 5 x 10(6) IU of vitamin D3, but not from those given 7.5 x 10(6) IU, showed more proteolysis (P < .05) than did steaks from control cattle, based on Western blotting analysis. Therefore, the use of supplemental dietary vitamin D3 given daily for 9 d before slaughter did improve tenderness (lower W-B shear values) of 14-d postmortem aged beef. Increased proteolysis seems to be the mechanism of tenderization.
BSN, the Primary Determinant of Basidial Spore Number and Reproductive Mode in Agaricus bisporus, Maps to Chromosome I (1996)

In the mushroom species Agaricus bisporus, heterokaryotic individuals of the geographically isolated varieties bisporus and Immetta respectively appear to rely primarily upon inbreeding or outbreeding reproductive strategies. These two divergent syndromes depend upon the ‘ploidy level’ (n vs n+n) of offspring. This in turn is determined by the number of spores produced upon the basidia, which are respectively predominantly bisporic or tetrasporic. This study investigated the genetic basis of control over the reproductive syndrome by analyzing transmission of basidial spore number traits in two intervarietal hybrid pedigrees. For two different pedigrees, 103 or 71 homokaryotic offspring of a first generation intervarietal hybrid were all crossed with a single homokaryon, from a bisporic parent, to produce a second generation of sibling heterokaryons. In each pedigree, the average basidial spore number, or ASN, had a bimodal frequency distribution and was the most useful discriminant variable for resolving the two classes of offspring. Our results indicate that basidial spore number is primarily determined by a single genetic locus (BSN). Statistical analyses of joint segregante indicate that the locus is linked to the mating type locus (MAT) and other loci on chromosome I. Using fruiting tests, mating tests, and genotype analysis, it was shown that the offspring of preponderantly bisporic or tetrasporic second generation hybrids were respectively preponderantly heterokaryotic (n+n) or homokaryotic (n). Homokaryons were capable of normal mating behavior, unlike most of their heterokaryotic siblings. This is consistent with earlier observations on this and other species. We propose that BSN is the primary locus regulating the two alternative reproductive modes.
Valorisation of Orange Peel Residues: Waste to Biochemicals and Nanoporous Materials (2012)

FRUIT FOR THOUGHT: Low-temperature microwave hydrothermal processing of orange peel not only enables the separation of the major components but also adds further value through the production of other high-value products: pectin and D-limonene, together with a rare form of mesoporous cellulose, are produced in a single step, without added acid. A process temperature change enables the conversion of D-limonene to α-terpineol.
(8.beta.)-Ergoline-8-carboxylic acid cycloalkyl esters as serotonin antagonists: structure-activity study (1988)

A series of (8 beta)-6-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)ergoline-8-carboxylic acid cycloalkyl esters were prepared and examined for blockade of vascular 5HT2 receptors. The antagonist in this series that had the highest 5HT2 receptor affinity was (8 beta)-6-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)ergoline-8-carboxylic acid cyclohexyl ester. This compound was therefore chosen as the basic backbone of a structure-activity study to determine what effect different N1-substituents, N6-substituents, and ester ring substituents had on 5HT2 receptor affinity. Maximal 5HT2 receptor affinity was obtained when the N1-substituent was isopropyl, the N6-substituent was methyl, and there was a hydroxy or keto substituent in the 4-position of the ester cyclohexyl ring.
A characterization of the power spectrum of scattered ultrasound using a fractal-based analysis (1988)

A method for extracting the characteristics of the power spectrum of ultrasound scattered from multiple scatterers using a fractal-based analysis is presented. The shape of the power spectrum is usually very complicated. The shape contains structural information about the medium, because the shape depends on the internal structure of the medium. If the power spectrum of the scattered ultrasound has a fractal structure, characteristics such as self-similarity and fractal dimensions are useful to characterize the power spectrum. When the scatterers are regularly arrayed, a high self-similarity of the power spectrum will be expected. On the other hand, when the array is partially disordered, the sell-similarity of the power spectrum will be lower. Fractal dimensions will be expected to relate to the mean distance between the scatterers. By numerical simulations and basic experiments, the validity of these ideas has been confirmed.
Frequency, Radiation Pattern and Polarization Reconfigurable Antenna Using a Parasitic Pixel Layer (2014)

This communication presents a reconfigurable antenna capable of independently reconfiguring the operating frequency, radiation pattern and polarization. A switched grid of small metallic patches, known as pixel surface, is used as a parasitic layer to provide reconfiguration capabilities to existing antennas acting as driven element. The parasitic pixel layer presents advantages such as low profile, integrability and cost-effective fabrication. A fully operational prototype has been designed, fabricated and its compound reconfiguration capabilities have been characterized. The prototype combines a patch antenna and a parasitic pixel surface consisting of 6 × 6 pixels, with an overall size of 0.6 λ×0.6 λ and 60 PIN-diode switches. The antenna simultaneously tunes its operation frequency over a 25% frequency range, steers the radiation beam over ±30° in E and H-planes, and switches between four different polarizations (x̂, ŷ, LHCP, RHCP). The average antenna gain among the different parameter combinations is 4 dB, reaching 6-7 dB for the most advantageous combinations. The distance between the driven and the parasitic layers determines the tradeoff between frequency tuning range (12% to 25%) and radiation efficiency (45% to 55%).
Advanced solid reactants for H/sub 2//D/sub 2/ generation (1983)

Disclosed is an all amine borane gas generating system which consists of hydrazine bis-borane or its deuterated derivative in the form of a compacted solid propellant pellet which serves as the thermal stimulus for the decomposition of itself. An all amine borane gas generating system which additionally consists of diborane diammoniate or its deuterated derivative provides a higher yield of hydrogen or deuterium with a higher purity from a self-sustaining reaction after the self-sustaining reaction is initiated by a heat source (e.g., an electrically heated nichrome wire) sufficient to initiate the reaction. This all amine borane gas generating system which consists of N/sub 2/H/sub 4/./sub 2/BH/sub 3/ and H/sub 2/B(NH/sub 3/)/sub 2/BH/sub 4/ is in the form of a compacted solid propellant pellet. The pellets are formed to the desired configuration employing pressures from about 500 to about 10,000 pounds total load. The solid propellant pellets are useful as a H/sub 2/ or D/sub 2/ generation sources for fuels for lasers.
Turbo Processing for Speech Recognition (2013)

Speech recognition is a classic example of a human/machine interface, typifying many of the difficulties and opportunities of human/machine interaction. In this paper, speech recognition is used as an example of applying turbo processing principles to the general problem of human/machine interface. Speech recognizers frequently involve a model representing phonemic information at a local level, followed by a language model representing information at a nonlocal level. This structure is analogous to the local (e.g., equalizer) and nonlocal (e.g., error correction decoding) elements common in digital communications. Drawing from the analogy of turbo processing for digital communications, turbo speech processing iteratively feeds back the output of the language model to be used as prior probabilities for the phonemic model. This analogy is developed here, and the performance of this turbo model is characterized by using an artificial language model. Using turbo processing, the relative error rate improves significantly, especially in high-noise settings.
16.2: Crystalline OS‐LCD Using Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal Having Characteristic Texture (2012)

Abstract We were able to reduce process time in fabricating a liquid crystal display by using a blue‐phase liquid crystal having a characteristic texture. Further, we fabricated a liquid crystal display using the blue‐phase liquid crystal and an oxide semiconductor for an element substrate.
Measuring sickle cell morphology in flow using spectrally encoded flow cytometry (Conference Presentation) (2017)

During a sickle cell crisis in sickle cell anemia patients, deoxygenated red blood cells may change their mechanical properties and block small blood vessels, causing pain, local tissue damage and even organ failure. Measuring these cellular structural and morphological changes is important for understanding the factors contributing to vessel blockage and developing an effective treatment. In this work, we use spectrally encoded flow cytometry for confocal, high-resolution imaging of flowing blood cells from sickle cell anemia patients. A wide variety of cell morphologies were observed by analyzing the interference patterns resulting from reflections from the front and back faces of the cells’ membrane. Using numerical simulation for calculating the two-dimensional reflection pattern from the cells, we propose an analytical expression for the three-dimensional shape of a characteristic sickle cell and compare it to a previous from the literature. In vitro spectrally encoded flow cytometry offers new means for analyzing the morphology of sickle cells in stress-free environment, and could provide an effective tool for studying the unique physiological properties of these cells.
Demonstration of Fluidic Throat Skewing for Thrust Vectoring in Structurally Fixed Nozzles (2001)

The experimental demonstration of a fluidic, multiaxis thrust vectoring (MATV) scheme is presented for a structurally fixed, afterburning nozzle referred to as the conformal fluidic nozzle (CFN). This concept for jet flow control features symmetric injection around the nozzle throat to provide throttling for jet area control, and asymmetric injection to subsonically skew the sonic plane for jet vectoring. The conceptual development of the CFN was presented in a companion paper (Miller et al. [1]). In that study, critical design variables were shown to be the flap length and expansion area ratio of the nozzle, and the location, angle, and distribution of injected flow. Measures of merit were vectoring capability, gross thrust coefficient, and discharge coefficient. A demonstration of MATV was conducted on a 20 percent scale CFN test article across a range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPR), injector flow rates, and flow distributions. Both yaw and pitch vector angles of greater than 8 deg were obtained at NPR of 5.5. Yaw vector angles greater than 10 deg were achieved at lower NPR. Values of thrust coefficient for the CFN generally exceeded published measurements of shock-based vectoring methods. In terms of vectoring effectiveness (ratio of vector angle to percent injected flow), fluidic throat skewing was found to be comparable to shock-based vectoring methods.
A defected ground structure for isolation enhancement in a printed MIMO antenna system (2013)

In this work, a novel defected ground structure (DGS) based isolation technique is proposed for printed antennas. The DGS is capable of improving the isolation of a dual band antenna especially for the low bands (800MHz). A 4-shaped MIMO antenna system is used to test the performance of the isolation structure. The proposed method relies on a modified dumbbell shaped DGS to improve the isolation for high band (2440-2980). The primary rectangles of the dumbbell are loaded with a spiral to cover the low band (803-823MHz). The minimum isolation for the low band and high band was approximately 17dB and 9dB respectively. A minimum isolation improvement of 14dB and 4dB was observed for the low band and high band respectively compared to the original MIMO antenna system under test without such a structure.
Single-shot quantitative phase microscopy based on color-multiplexed Fourier ptychography (2018)

We present a single-shot quantitative phase imaging (QPI) method based on color-multiplexed Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM). Three light-emitting diode (LED) elements with respective R/G/B channels in a programmable LED array illuminate the specimen simultaneously, providing triangle oblique illuminations matching the numerical aperture of the objective precisely. A color image sensor records the light transmitted through the specimen, and three monochromatic intensity images at each color channel are then separated and utilized to recover the phase of the specimen. After one-step deconvolution based on the phase contrast transfer function, the obtained initial phase map is further refined by the FPM-based iterative recovery algorithm to overcome pixel-aliasing and improve the phase recovery accuracy. The high-speed, high-throughput QPI capabilities of the proposed approach are demonstrated by imaging HeLa cells mitosis in vitro, achieving a half-pitch resolution of 388 nm across a wide field of view of 1.33 mm<sup>2</sup> at camera-limited frame rates (50 fps).
Fabrication methods for creating flexible polymer substrate sensor tags (2009)

The authors describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a passive wireless sensor platform utilizing low-cost commercial surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters and sensors. Polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate sheets are used as substrates to create a flexible sensor tag that can be applied to curved surfaces. A microfabricated antenna is integrated on the substrate in order to create a compact form factor. The sensor tags are fabricated using 315MHz SAW filters and photodiodes and tested with the aid of a fiber-coupled tungsten lamp. Microwave energy transmitted from a network analyzer is used to interrogate the sensor tag. Due to an electrical impedance mismatch at the SAW filter and sensor, energy is reflected at the sensor load and reradiated from the integrated antenna. By selecting sensors that change electrical impedance based on environmental conditions, the sensor state can be inferred through measurement of the reflected energy profile. Testing has shown that a calibrated system utilizing this type of sensor tag can detect distinct light levels wireless and passively. The authors also demonstrate simultaneous operation of two tags with different center passbands that detects light. Ranging tests show that the sensor tags can operate at a distance of at least 3.6m.
Practical dynamic facial appearance modeling and acquisition (2018)

We present a method to acquire dynamic properties of facial skin appearance, including dynamic diffuse albedo encoding blood flow, dynamic specular intensity, and per-frame high resolution normal maps for a facial performance sequence. The method reconstructs these maps from a purely passive multi-camera setup, without the need for polarization or requiring temporally multiplexed illumination. Hence, it is very well suited for integration with existing passive systems for facial performance capture. To solve this seemingly underconstrained problem, we demonstrate that albedo dynamics during a facial performance can be modeled as a combination of: (1) a static, high-resolution base albedo map, modeling full skin pigmentation; and (2) a dynamic, one-dimensional component in the CIE L*a*b* color space, which explains changes in hemoglobin concentration due to blood flow. We leverage this albedo subspace and additional constraints on appearance and surface geometry to also estimate specular reflection parameters and resolve high-resolution normal maps with unprecedented detail in a passive capture system. These constraints are built into an inverse rendering framework that minimizes the difference of the rendered face to the captured images, incorporating constraints from multiple views for every texel on the face. The presented method is the first system capable of capturing high-quality dynamic appearance maps at full resolution and video framerates, providing a major step forward in the area of facial appearance acquisition.