gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Go-Back-N ARQ Schemes for Point-to-Multipoint Satellite Communications (1983)

The conventional go-back- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> ARQ is modified so as to be applicable to point-to-multipoint communication by using a control block that indicates the occurrence of retransmission to all the receivers. This paper also presents a "tandem error control scheme," in which the up-link and the down-links use separate go-back- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> ARQ's. The throughput efficiency of the tandem go-back- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> ARQ is analyzed. Specifically, the mathematical formula for the throughput efficiency is obtained for cases in which there is a single receiver. The throughput efficiencies of these schemes are also evaluated by simulation.
Quantitation of proton NMR spectra of the human brain using tissue water as an internal concentration reference (1993)

The use of cerebral water as an internal intensity standard for the quantitation of spatially localized proton spectra of the human brain is investigated. The method is validated on standard samples of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and lactate, and possible sources of error are discussed. Using the STEAM pulse sequence, concentrations of choline, creatine and NAA in frontal lobe white matter are found to be 1.9 +/- 0.5, 10.6 +/- 1.3 and 16.6 +/- 2.3 mumol/g wet wt, respectively, in 10 normal volunteers. In the thalamus, the concentrations are 2.0 +/- 0.4, 11.6 +/- 2.0 and 17.2 +/- 1.3 mumol/g wet wt, respectively. Choline and creatine concentrations are in good agreement with conventional biochemical values: NAA concentrations are found to be three-fold higher, suggesting overlap of the NAA signal with other compounds. Quantitation relative to tissue water is a convenient and rapid means of quantitating proton spectra of the human brain.
LTCC Oversized Rectangular Waveguide Slot Array Antenna With Air Layers (2015)

A partially dielectric-filled structure of low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) oversized rectangular waveguide slot array antenna with air layers both in the radiating and the feeding parts is presented. It has a new structure of partially filled coupling junctions in the feeding waveguide. The efficiency evaluation shows that the air-layer addition reduces the transmission loss both in the radiating and the feeding parts. The gain and bandwidth have been enhanced. The effective dielectric constant is reduced and it broaden the bandwidth of the series-fed feed junctions and the slot array. Using the LTCC with $\varepsilon_r = 6.6$ and $\tan \delta = 0.013$, the dielectric losses of the feeding waveguide are reduced from 4.5 to 0.5 dB. The losses of the radiating waveguide are reduced from 3.7 to 0.45 dB. Experimentally, the gain was shown to increase 5.5 dB. The 3-dB-down bandwidth was improved from 1.4 to 2.1 GHz.
Rugged fiber optic probes and sampling systems for remote chemical analysis via the Raman technique (1996)

Recent advances in fiber optics, diode lasers, CCD detectors, dielectric and holographic optical filters, grating spectrometers, and chemometric data analysis have greatly simplified Raman spectroscopy. In order to make a rugged fiber optic Raman probe for solids/slurries like these at Savannah River, we have designed a probe that eliminates as many optical elements and surfaces as possible. The diffuse reflectance probe tip is modified for Raman scattering by installing thin dielectric in-line filters. Effects of each filter are shown for the NaNO{sub 3} Raman spectrum. By using a diode laser excitation at 780 nm, fluorescence is greatly reduced, and excellent spectra may be obtained from organic solids. At SRS, fiber optic Raman probes are being developed for in situ chemical mapping of radioactive waste storage tanks. Radiation darkening of silica fiber optics is negligible beyond 700 nm. Corrosion resistance is being evaluated. Analysis of process gas (off-gas from SRS processes) is investigated in some detail: hydrogen in nitrogen with NO{sub 2} interference. Other applications and the advantages of the method are pointed out briefly.
High resolution flash three-dimensional LIDAR systems based on polarization modulation (2017)

Two high resolution flash LIDAR systems based on polarization modulation are demonstrated in this paper. One utilizes a polarization beam splitter (PBS) and two charge coupled device (CCD) arrays; the other utilizes a micro-polarizer array and a CCD array. Compared with the traditional flash LIDAR systems, the main advantage of the presented flash LIDAR systems is replacing high bandwidth detectors with a polarization modulator and low bandwidth detectors. The polarization modulator is used to modulate the polarization state of the received laser pulse in time and the range information can be mapped into the intensity received by the low bandwidth detectors. The distance between the target and the system can be derived from intensity images that can be read out using low bandwidth detectors. Comparisons of the two systems indicate that they have the same range precision. Both demonstrated systems can achieve a high range precision of several millimeters. The system using a PBS and two CCD arrays can obtain higher resolution images, but it is crucial to align the two CCD arrays precisely.
A simple one-pot apparatus for the production of carbon-11 labeled methyl iodide (1985)

Carbon-11 labeled methyl iodide is a simple one carbon precursor widely used in radiochemical synthesis. It has been used to synthesize high specific activity radiotracers for positron emission tomographic studies of a variety of neuroreceptors. The large demand for these radiotracers prompted the authors to develop a simple, inexpensive apparatus which could be used to reproducibly prepare C-11 labeled methyl iodide. The apparatus is based on the chemical chart synthesis system for methyl iodide production. Carbon-11 labeled carbon dioxide is bubbled into a glass reaction vessel/water-cooled condensor containing 1-2 mg lithium aluminum hydride in 200 ..mu..l tetrahydrofuran. After evaporation of the solvent, 48% hydriodic acid (1 ml) is added and C-11 methyl iodide is transferred under a stream of inert gas. Heating of the solutions is accomplished with a a small industrial heat gun. Five small remotely controlled electrovalves are used to divert gas flows during the operation of the apparatus. The valve and heating sequence can be controlled manually or automatically by a small computer. All parts except the glass condensor are commercially available. The apparatus can be constructed for under $1000 (less computer) and is simple to use and service. It has been used to prepare over 1more » Ci of high specific activity C-11 labeled methyl iodide in approximately five minutes after end-of-bombardment.« less
Systems toxicology study of doxorubicin on rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry based metabolomics (2009)

A metabolomics-based systems toxicology approach was used to profile the urinary metabolites for the toxicity related processes and pathogenesis induced by doxorubicin (DOX) to rats. Endogenous metabolite profiles were obtained with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) for rats receiving different single dosages of DOX (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) prior and at three time points after dosage. Principal components analysis (PCA) allowed detection of two major systemic metabolic changes with the time due to the induced toxicity. Furthermore, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) was applied to reveal the variation caused by time and dose, and their interaction in a multivariate way. Finally, various metabolites involved in the toxic processes could be identified using their accurate mass and MS(n) experiments, and possible mechanisms of the toxicity of DOX were postulated. In conclusion, metabolomics as a systems toxicology approach was able to provide comprehensive information on the dynamic process of drug induced toxicity. In addition, detection of the systemic toxic effects could be obtained with metabolomics at an earlier stage compared to the clinical chemistry and histopathological assessment.
Heart Activity Monitoring on Smartphone (2011)

Heart related diseases kill more and more people every year. The cost to detect and treat cardiovascular disease is too high. Monitoring and assessing the health of the heart for every cardiac cycle is of important and essential. A simple, easy to used heart activity monitoring system was designed and tested. The activity includes electrocardiogram and seismocardiography. A tri-axis accelerometer is used as a sensor to detect seismocardiography in 3-D. Bluetooth wireless is used to send the heart activity to a smartphone to be displayed, relayed, and stored in a network for further assessment.
Heterogeneous BISR techniques for yield and reliability enhancement using high level synthesis transformations (2002)

Built-In-Self-Repair (BISR) is a fault tolerance technique against permanent faults, where in addition to core operational modules, a set of spare modules is provided. If a faulty core module is detected, it is replaced with a spare module. The BISR methodology has been used only in situations where a failed module of one type can only be replaced by a backup module of the same type. The authors propose a new BISR approach for ASIC design which removes this constraint and enables replacement of modules of different types with the same spare units by exploiting the design space exploration abilities provided by the use of transformations in high level synthesis. Fast and efficient high level synthesis algorithms which take into account peculiarities of transformation-based design for BISR are presented. The potential of the approach is demonstrated on a set of benchmark examples by showing significant yield and relative productivity improvements which are calculated using state-of-the-art yield modeling techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iterative normalization for speaker-adaptive training in continuous speech recognition (2003)

The authors present several techniques to improve an algorithm presented last year for speaker-adaptive training in continuous speech recognition. The previous method uses a transformation matrix to modify the hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters of a prechosen prototype speaker to model a target speaker. To estimate the transformation matrix, it aligns a set of target speech with the same set of speech uttered by the prototype speaker using dynamic time warping. The authors focus on improving the previous method in the modeling of the spectral differences between two speakers, and the accuracy of the alignment. To improve the modeling of the spectral differences, they implemented a phoneme-dependent mapping procedure which transforms the prototype HMMs to the estimated target HMMs using a set of phoneme-dependent matrices. To improve the alignment, the authors developed a modeling of the silence, a linear duration normalization, and an iterative normalization procedure. They tested the new methods in the standard DARPA database with a grammar of perplexity 60. The performance shows a 30% word-error reduction compared to the previous algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A By‐Product Using TIPS Protection — A Warning. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dispersive white light combined with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave interferometer for high-resolution absolute measurements of distance (1997)

A nonincremental interferometer for the absolute measurement of distances is presented. The measuring technique is based on both dispersive white-light (DWL) interferometry and frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferometry. The proposed configuration integrates both techniques in the same interferometer by use of a single laser diode. This solution enables the results from the coarse measurements from the FMCW interferometer to be combined with the fine readouts from the DWL interferometer. Preliminary experimental results confirm the capability of the system to combine the advantages of the two techniques.
Multi-Emissive Lanthanide-Based Coordination Polymers for Potential Application as Luminescent Bar-Codes (2019)

Isostructural lanthanide-based coordination polymers that are obtained by reactions in water of a lanthanide chloride and the sodium salt of 5-methoxyisophthalate (mip<sup>2-</sup>) have the general chemical formula [Ln<sub>2</sub>(mip)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8</sub>·4H<sub>2</sub>O]<sub>∞</sub> with Ln = Nd-Er except Pm plus Y (symbolized by [Ln<sub>2</sub>(mip)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>∞</sub>). Some of these homo-lanthanide compounds present very high luminescence brightness. The weak intermetallic energy transfer between lanthanide ions observed in these compounds allows the design of hetero-lanthanide coordination polymers with tunable luminescence properties. A molecular alloy that involved six different lanthanide ions (Nd<sup>3+</sup>, Sm<sup>3+</sup>, Eu<sup>3+</sup>, Gd<sup>3+</sup>, Tb<sup>3+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup>) has been prepared and its luminescent properties have been studied. This compound, under a unique irradiation wavelength (λ<sub>exc</sub> = 325 nm), exhibits almost 20 emission peaks in both the visible and the NIR regions at room temperature. This unprecedented richness of the emission spectrum could be of great interest as far as luminescent bar-codes are targeted.
Telomerase is up-regulated in human germinal center B cells in vivo and can be re-expressed in memory B cells activated in vitro (1997)

The extensive proliferation that B lymphocytes undergo in germinal centers could compromise generation of long term B cell memory if there occurs shortening of the telomeres of germinal center B cells with cell division. Telomere length, which is thought to act as a "mitotic clock" for somatic cells that dictates cellular senescence, can be preserved by the enzyme telomerase. Human tonsil germinal center B cells consistently expressed 100- to 1000-fold higher levels of telomerase activity than naive or memory B cells, which had no or very low detectable activity, as analyzed by the telomere repeat amplification protocol assay. In vitro stimulation of human memory B cells through surface Ig or CD40 was capable of up-regulating telomerase. The findings suggest that longevity of B cell memory is maintained, despite multiple cell divisions in the generation of a memory B cell, by up-regulation of telomerase in germinal center and activated memory B cells.
Identity-transponder system using c.w. interrogation (1975)

A system is described which interrogates coded transponders with a continuous unmodulated microwave transmission at 10.7 GHz. The interrogator uses a cheap mass-produced microwave Doppler radar module, and the transponder consists of an ordinary detector diode plus a battery-powered modulator to generate the code. The miniature batteries used last about a year and 10 m range can be obtained.
Modeling and closed-loop pharmacologic control of the ventricular rate during induced atrial fibrillation in anesthetized dogs. (1991)

An automated drug delivery system that provides closed-loop feedback control of the ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation is described. The control system was designed using a mathematical model of the effect of esmolol infusion in the ventricular rate. The model was developed in system identification experiments with anesthetized dogs in which atrial fibrillation was induced and maintained by rapid atrial pacing. A control system of variable structure, which incorporates a transient controller and a regulator, was designed to perform satisfactorily over a wide range of subject responses to drug infusion. The transient controller brings the ventricular rate to the setpoint with little overshoot. When the ventricular rate is near the setpoint, the drug infusion rate is calculated by the regulator. The drug infusion rate is constrained to ensure smooth transitions in the hemodynamic state of the patient and for safety. Feasibility of the system was demonstrated in computer simulations and animal experiments.
A coherent, solid state, 225 GHz receiver (1982)

A low noise, broadband, balanced mixer has been developed for use as a 225-GHz receiver. It utilizes a local oscillator (LO), whose frequency is nearly 1/4 the signal frequency, to mix the signal power to a low IF, which is then amplified. This same LO drives a similar mixer that is used to phase lock a 225-GHz transmitter. The use of a subharmonic mixer lowers LO cost, noise, and complexity, increases LO availability and reliability, and is compact and portable. Typical applications for this type of mixer include coherent receivers, passive imaging, multiple receiver systems, and broadband detection systems
Low doses of cisplatin or gemcitabine plus Photofrin/photodynamic therapy: Disjointed cell cycle phase-related activity accounts for synergistic outcome in metastatic non–small cell lung cancer cells (H1299) (2006)

We compared the effects of monotherapy (photodynamic therapy or chemotherapy) versus combination therapy (photodynamic therapy plus a specific drug) on the non-small cell lung cancer cell line H1299. Our aim was to evaluate whether the additive/synergistic effects of combination treatment were such that the cytostatic dose could be reduced without affecting treatment efficacy. Photodynamic therapy was done by irradiating Photofrin-preloaded H1299 p53/p16-null cells with a halogen lamp equipped with a bandpass filter. The cytotoxic drugs used were cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum [II] (CDDP or cisplatin) and 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine). Various treatment combinations yielded therapeutic effects (trypan blue dye exclusion test) ranging from additive to clearly synergistic, the most effective being a combination of photodynamic therapy and CDDP. To gain insight into the cellular response mechanisms underlying favorable outcomes, we analyzed the H1299 cell cycle profiles and the expression patterns of several key proteins after monotherapy. In our conditions, we found that photodynamic therapy with Photofrin targeted G0-G1 cells, thereby causing cells to accumulate in S phase. In contrast, low-dose CDDP killed cells in S phase, thereby causing an accumulation of G0-G1 cells (and increased p21 expression). Like photodynamic therapy, low-dose gemcitabine targeted G0-G1 cells, which caused a massive accumulation of cells in S phase (and increased cyclin A expression). Although we observed therapeutic reinforcement with both drugs and photodynamic therapy, reinforcement was more pronounced when the drug (CDDP) and photodynamic therapy exert disjointed phase-related cytotoxic activity. Thus, if photodynamic therapy is appropriately tuned, the dose of the cytostatic drug can be reduced without compromising the therapeutic response.
Intelligent Network Selection and Energy Reduction for Mobile Devices (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Mechanochemistry of hexagonal boron nitride. 2. Reactivity upon interaction with water (2010)

Mechanical activation makes boron nitride chemically reactive with respect to water. The fact of the reaction proceeding, which is accompanied by a change in the structure of boron nitride, is confirmed by the data of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, adsorption, and gravimetry. It is established that the most defective amorphous part of the material is primarily hydrolyzed. The reaction takes place at room temperature, with the conversion increasing to values of higher than 50% with the dose of mechanical energy supplied during the mechanical activation. In addition to ammonia, hydrolysis gives rise to the formation of ammonium pentaboride, NH4B5O6(OH)4 · 2H2O. After the reaction products are removed, residual boron nitride, which is dried at T ≤ 100°C, crystallizes to form nanosized rods.
Sensory Irritation of Acetic Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peroxyacetic acid and their Mixture in Mice (2002)

The expiratory bradypnoea indicative of upper airway irritation in mice was evaluated during a period of 60 min of oronasal exposure to acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid vapours. The airborne concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate of mice (RD50) was calculated for each chemical. The concentration-response curves of acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid had similar slopes. The results did however show that the three chemicals had different irritant potencies. The RD50 values of acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid were 227, 113 and 5.4 p.p.m. respectively. Moreover, a mixture containing 53% acetic acid, 11% hydrogen peroxide and 36% peroxyacetic acid had an RD50 of 10.6 ppm, 3.8 ppm being peroxyacetic acid, which is 1.4 times lower than the theoretical value estimated from the fractional concentrations and the respective RD50s of the individual components. On the basis of a TLV-STEL (threshold limit value for short-term exposure limit) equal to 0.1 RD50, the TLV-STELs for acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid should not exceed 20, 10 and 0.5 p.p.m. respectively. On the basis of a TLV-TWA (time-weighted average) equal to 0.03 RD50, the TLV-TWAs for these same chemicals should not exceed 5, 3 and 0.2 p.p.m. respectively. Finally, these values and existing TLVs in Europe and the USA are compared.
Reaction of o-diiodobenzene with alkynes and nickel carbonyl. Synthesis of substituted indenones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of o-diiodobenzene with alkynes and nickel carbonyl. Synthesis of substituted indenonesLanny S. Liebeskind and Michael S. SouthCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 26, 5426–5429Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01314a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01314a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts