gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Human Metapneumovirus Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidates by Inhibiting Viral mRNA Cap Methyltransferase (2014)

Human paramyxoviruses, including hRSV, hMPV, and hPIV3, cause the majority of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in humans, particularly in infants, children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine available. A formalin-inactivated vaccine is not suitable for these viruses because it causes enhanced lung damage upon reinfection with the same virus. A live attenuated vaccine is the most promising vaccine strategy for human paramyxoviruses. However, it remains a challenge to identify an attenuated virus strain that has an optimal balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. Using reverse genetics, we generated a panel of recombinant hMPVs that were specifically defective in ribose 2'-O methyltransferase (MTase) but not G-N-7 MTase. These MTase-defective hMPVs were genetically stable and sufficiently attenuated but retained high immunogenicity. This work highlights a critical role of 2'-O MTase in paramyxovirus replication and pathogenesis and a new avenue for the development of safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccines for hMPV and other human paramyxoviruses.
Bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps with chlorine dioxide: Factors affecting the efficiency of the final D stage (2012)

We investigated the bleaching efficiency of the final chlorine dioxide (D2) stage in the D0(EP)D1D2 bleaching sequence, focusing on the effect of pH in relation to the bleaching history of pulp samples. The samples used were unbleached kraft Eucalyptus grandis pulps with kappa no. 14.8 and the same pulp oxygen-delignified to kappa nos. 12 and 9.8. The samples were bleached according to the D0(EP)D1 sequence to a brightness of about 86% ISO and then submitted to the final D2 stage under identical conditions (e.g., chlorine dioxide charge, time, temperature, and final pH). The target final brightness was 90.5% ISO. Changes in the kappa number, brightness, viscosity, and contents of hexenuronic acid, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid, and the total amount of carboxylic acid (COOH) groups in pulps were monitored during the bleaching sequence. The final brightness of eucalyptus kraft pulps increased when the terminal pH of the D2 stage was raised from 3.0 to 6.5. The 90.5% ISO target brightness in the D2 stage was achieved for all pulps within a pH range of 4.5–6.5, but this required adjusting final pH for individual samples. The optimal pH value with respect to pulp viscosity was between 3 and 5. Despite dissimilar conditions applied in previous bleaching stages, the samples after the D1 stage revealed similar residual lignin contents as shown by kappa number analysis. The content of hexenuronic acid in the samples, however, varied broadly, from 2 to 26 mmol/kg. Conductometric titration showed different amounts of carboxylic acid groups in pulps after the D1 stage, of which hexenuronic acid accounted for only a minor part. The variations in the fiber charge resulted from the different bleaching conditions applied before the D2 stage. The fiber charge affected the alkali demand in the final D2 stage, whereas variations in the alkali demand affected the initial pH and associated process kinetics. Lower total fiber charge was found to be beneficial for improved final brightening and viscosity when bleached at higher final pH.
Steering the beam directions in Terahertz band by frequency sweeping (2014)

A novel beam scanning antenna in 0.2 Terahertz band based on frequency-scanning grating-reflector was studied in this paper. A bilayer structure is introduced and optimized to improve the diffraction efficiency and to suppress the specular beam. The frequency-controlled beam steering concept was verified by the quasi-optical measurements in 0.2THz band. The measured scanning range is 13.55° over the frequency band 180GHz-220GHz. The proposed antenna can be fabricated easily and has potential applications in THz imaging systems with high frame rate.
User interface of a nonvisual table navigation method (1999)

It is fervently hoped that the World Wide Web will become a new information resource for the blind. However, although the use of tables on the Web has been increasing, the currently available talking Web browsers basically read tables horizontally, making it very hard for blind users to understand them. We therefore propose a method that allows users to navigate through a table both horizontally and vertically. Our method is characterized by three features: a table cursor, a table pointer, and a cell-jumping key. In this paper, we describe the user interface of our method, report the results of our evaluation tests, and offer some conclusions.
Guidelines for the treatment and management of new‐onset diabetes after transplantation<sup>1</sup> (2005)

Although graft and patient survival after solid organ transplantation have improved markedly in recent years, transplant recipients continue to experience an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. A number of factors are known to impact on the increased risk of CVD in this population, including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Of these factors, new-onset diabetes after transplantation has been identified as one of the most important, being associated with reduced graft function and patient survival, and increased risk of graft loss. In 2003, International Consensus Guidelines on New-onset Diabetes after Transplantation were published, which aimed to establish a precise definition and diagnosis of the condition and recommend management strategies to reduce its occurrence and impact. These updated 2004 guidelines, developed in consultation with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), extend the recommendations of the previous guidelines and encompass new-onset diabetes after kidney, liver and heart transplantation. It is hoped that adoption of these management approaches pre- and post-transplant will reduce individuals' risk of developing new-onset diabetes after transplantation as well as ameliorating the long-term impact of this serious complication.
Analysis of Oil Displacement Effect of Ion Water Flooding Technology (2023)

The test area is a low porosity and low permeability reservoir. It was put into development in October 2005. The early effect was good, the later production decreased significantly, the ineffective water cycle was serious, the development layer series was few, and the main layer measures were difficult to increase production. In this paper, we carry out water quality analysis experiments of the produced fluid, and understood the change law of the main controlling factors Cl-and Ca2+ for evaluating the effect of ion water flooding. Combined with the production dynamics, we evaluated the effect of the measures, guided the optimization of the measures, designed the scheme, and understood the law of oil displacement. Through this study, it can be clearly and intuitively seen that the replacement effect of ion water flooding has a good oil washing effect, which has important application value and certain academic significance for the development of low permeability oil fields.
Epac: Defining a New Mechanism for cAMP Action (2010)

cAMP is a second messenger that is essential for relaying hormonal responses in many biological processes. The discovery of the cAMP target Epac explained various effects of cAMP that could not be attributed to the established targets PKA and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Epac1 and Epac2 function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the small G protein Rap. cAMP analogs that selectively activate Epac have helped to reveal a role for Epac in processes ranging from insulin secretion to cardiac contraction and vascular permeability. Advances in the understanding of the activation mechanism of Epac and its regulation by diverse anchoring mechanisms have helped to elucidate the means by which cAMP fulfills these functions via Epac.
Comparison of Liquid/Liquid and Solid-Phase Extraction for Alkaline Drugs (2009)

The extraction of drugs from biological matrices is an essential specimen preparation step in current forensic postmortem laboratories. Traditionally, liquid/liquid extractions (LLE) were developed and employed to screen for the general unknown. However, solid-phase extractions (SPE) are becoming more popular as the availability of columns with suitable stationary phases increased. The purpose of this work was to determine if switching from an existing LLE to SPE was feasible. The limits of detection (LOD) for 122 drugs and metabolites were determined in blood following SPE and compared to previously determined LOD's by LLE, if available. There were 41 drugs that had LOD's in blood established by both methods; LLE had a lower LOD for 8 drugs (19.5%), SPE had a lower LOD for 16 (39%), and the LOD's were comparable in the remaining drugs. Although SPE cartridges were more expensive than LLE, SPE was determined to be a faster technique and doubled the number of specimens that could be extracted by one analyst within a specific timeframe. The SPE method utilized enabled the detection of several drugs not detectable after LLE (most notably, morphine and benzoylecgonine) and allowed the extraction of weakly acidic and neutral drugs with only one extra step.
Rereading Winnicott's ‘Primary maternal preoccupation’ (2011)

Using data examples, I re-approach Donald Winnicott's idea of primary maternal preoccupation (1984[1956]) through Bracha Ettinger's matrixial concept of transsubjectivity. I argue that Winnicott recognises the radical difference between the mental state that women will have occupied formerly and the state that the prenatal and postnatal infant will claim, if the mother is available to it. With the benefit of a matrixial perspective it is possible to see how this description need not pathologise women, nor reproduce misogynistic discourses. On the contrary it begins to do justice to the enormity of women's transition as they become mothers: enormity because it threatens to pitch them beyond the experience of being a self-contained autonomous individual, a position which is normalised in what Ettinger calls phallic logic. Feminists risk reproducing phallic logic if we dismiss on ideological grounds, and thereby pathologise, this radically other state characteristic of the peri-natal period that many women experience when they become mothers.
Preparation and Properties of a New Hard Material of Composition C3N3.6-4.5O1.1-1.2H4.1-4.2 (1997)

Abstract A new material of composition C3N3.6–4.5O1.1–1.2H4.1–4.2, which is harder than a quartz glass plate and shows ferromagnetism at room temperature, has been prepared by the reaction of C3N3Cl3 with Li3N at 220 °C.
Syntheses based on 1,2-secopenicillins; the synthesis of the 1-oxadethiapenem ring system (1977)

A. J. Eglington, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 720 DOI: 10.1039/C39770000720
Longevity of effects of hyaluronic acid plus lidocaine facial filler (2010)

The addition of 0.3% lidocaine does not affect product longevity and the small volume required for 'touch-up' also suggests that longevity is maintained.
Novel high-resolution spatial light modulators with limited spectral bandwith for 2D and 3D image generation (1993)

Novel optoelectronic spatial light modulators with binary reflection phase gratings down to 1 micrometers are presented. The microlithographically produced gratings can be arbitrarily structured so that very fine gratings are achievable, e.g., linear, circular, or holographic gratings. Their phase modulation is controlled by a liquid crystal layer. Theoretical and experimental investigations have been done which show that a good modulation of the diffraction orders can be obtained. Applications of the modulators are the generation of 2-D and 3-D images and the realization of switchable holographic optical elements.
Predicting biomedical relationships using the knowledge and graph embedding cascade model (2019)

Advances in machine learning and deep learning methods, together with the increasing availability of large-scale pharmacological, genomic, and chemical datasets, have created opportunities for identifying potentially useful relationships within biochemical networks. Knowledge embedding models have been found to have value in detecting knowledge-based correlations among entities, but little effort has been made to apply them to networks of biochemical entities. This is because such networks tend to be unbalanced and sparse, and knowledge embedding models do not work well on them. However, to some extent, the shortcomings of knowledge embedding models can be compensated for if they are used in association with graph embedding. In this paper, we combine knowledge embedding and graph embedding to represent biochemical entities and their relations as dense and low-dimensional vectors. We build a cascade learning framework which incorporates semantic features from the knowledge embedding model, and graph features from the graph embedding model, to score the probability of linking. The proposed method performs noticeably better than the models with which it is compared. It predicted links and entities with an accuracy of 93%, and its average hits@10 score has an average of 8.6% absolute improvement compared with original knowledge embedding model, 1.1% to 9.7% absolute improvement compared with other knowledge and graph embedding algorithm. In addition, we designed a meta-path algorithm to detect path relations in the biomedical network. Case studies further verify the value of the proposed model in finding potential relationships between diseases, drugs, genes, treatments, etc. Amongst the findings of the proposed model are the suggestion that VDR (vitamin D receptor) may be linked to prostate cancer. This is backed by evidence from medical databases and published research, supporting the suggestion that our proposed model could be of value to biomedical researchers.
Adaptive array beam forming using a combined RLS-LMS algorithm (2008)

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Robust fixed frequency control for parallel connected Forward/Buck converters (2003)

In this paper, we present a robust control strategy which is well adapted to parallel connected Forward/Buck converters. It is based on a non-linear controller which uses the advantages offered by sliding mode control and peak current techniques. This control offers fixed frequency control without using equivalent control calculation, synchronized ramp or variable hysteresis bandwidth. It also provides good robustness depending on variations of load parameters. A model of the system is developed which allows us to study the system independently of the module number that constitutes the structure. The controllability of the system is discussed and an analysis of the current behavior is provided.
Recombinant porcine rotavirus VP4 and VP4-LTB expressed in Lactobacillus casei induced mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice (2009)

These results demonstrated that VP4 administered in the context of an L. casei expression system is an effective method for stimulating mucosal immunity and that LTB served to further stimulate mucosal immunity suggesting that this strategy can be adapted for use in pigs.
Deposition of Pb(Zr x Ti 1-x )O 3 thin films by laser ablation for MEMS application (2002)

Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> films were prepared by pulsed laser ablation on Pt/Ti/SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates at room temperature and were crystallized by subsequent annealing. The effect of the Pb content and Zr/Ti ratio in the target on crystalline structure and electrical properites of Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> films was investigated. Crystalline phases and structure in the PZT films were investigated by x-ray diffration analysis (XRD). The microstructure and composition of the films were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), respectively. It was found that the adition of 20 wt% excess PbO to the PZT target is necessary to obtain a single perovskite phase. X-ray diffraction analysis results show that the film fabricated from the target with Zr/Ti ratio of 30/70 crystallizes in the tetragonal phase, while the films fabricated from the targets with Zr/Ti ratios of 70/30, 58/42, 52/48, 45/55 crystallite in the rhombohedral phase. The films derived from the target with Zr/Ti ratio of 45/55 and with 20 wt% excess PbO exhibited better electric properties. The remnant polarization and coercive field of the film were 31.28 μC/cm2 and 45.29kV/cm, while the dielectric constant and loss value measured at 1 kHz were approximately 1069 and 0.08, respectively. The results demonstrate that a few micrometers thick PZT thin films derived by laser ablation for use in micro actuators is possible.
Adverse effects of hyperlipidemia on bone regeneration and strength (2011)

Hyperlipidemia increases the risk for generation of lipid oxidation products, which accumulate in the subendothelial spaces of vasculature and bone. Atherogenic high-fat diets increase serum levels of oxidized lipids, which are known to attenuate osteogenesis in culture and to promote bone loss in mice. In this study, we investigated whether oxidized lipids affect bone regeneration and mechanical strength. Wild-type (WT) and hyperlipidemic (Ldlr(-/-)) mice were placed on a high-fat (HF) diet for 13 weeks. Bilateral cranial defects were introduced on each side of the sagittal suture, and 5 weeks postsurgery on the respective diets, the repair/regeneration of cranial bones and mechanical properties of femoral bones were assessed. MicroCT and histological analyses demonstrated that bone regeneration was significantly impaired by the HF diet in WT and Ldlr(-/-) mice. In femoral bone, cortical bone volume fraction (bone volume [BV]/tissue volume [TV]) was significantly reduced, whereas cortical porosity was increased by the HF diet in Ldlr(-/-) but not in WT mice. Femoral bone strength and stiffness, measured by three-point bending analysis, were significantly reduced by the HF diet in Ldlr(-/-), but not in WT mice. Serum analysis showed that the HF diet significantly increased levels of parathyroid hormone, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, calcium, and phosphorus, whereas it reduced procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, a serum marker of bone formation, in Ldlr(-/-), but not in WT mice. The serum level of carboxyl-terminal collagen crosslinks, a marker for bone resorption, was also 1.7-fold greater in Ldlr(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that hyperlipidemia induces secondary hyperparathyroidism and impairs bone regeneration and mechanical strength.
High‐refractive‐index thin films prepared from aminoalkoxysilane‐capped pyromellitic dianhydride–titania hybrid materials (2001)

Abstract High‐refractive‐index aminoalkoxysilane‐capped pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)–titania hybrid optical thin films (TP0–TP8) were synthesized and characterized in this study. They were prepared with PMDA, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and titanium(IV) isopropoxide via a sol–gel process followed by spin coating and multistep baking. Through adjustments in the concentration and reaction time, the inorganic content in the hybrid thin films could be as high as 59.1 wt %. The Fourier transform infrared results indicated successful bonding between the organic and inorganic moieties. However, residues of the chelating ligands were found in the hybrids with high titania contents, affecting their thermal and optical properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results suggested a nanosized domain of the titania segment in the hybrid materials TP0–TP8. An atomic force microscopy study suggested that the hybrid thin films had good planarization. The dispersions of the refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength range 190–900 nm were studied. The refractive indices of the prepared hybrid thin films at 633 nm increased linearly from 1.567 to 1.780 with increasing titania content. However, the Abbe numbers of the hybrid thin films showed an opposite trend. Excellent optical transparence was obtained in the visible region for the prepared hybrid thin films. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3419–3427, 2001
Stability of Channeled Ni–YSZ Cermets Produced from Self‐Assembled NiO–YSZ Directionally Solidified Eutectics (2005)

Channeled yttria‐stabilized cubic phase of the zirconia (Ni–YSZ) cermets are produced by reduction of laser‐assisted directionally solidified NiO–YSZ lamellar eutectics. The material is formed by ∼400 nm wide alternating lamellae of 40% porous Ni and YSZ, which serve as parallel channels for gas flow and electronic transport and for oxygen ion diffusion. The low‐energy interfaces formed between the metallic Ni particles and the YSZ prevent particle coarsening and impart long‐term stability to the anode at operating temperatures. The electrical conductivity and the pore size distribution present no degradation after 300 h at 900°C under a H 2 /N 2 atmosphere. This stability is indicative of an improvement in comparison with conventional Ni–YSZ anodes for solid oxide fuel cells.
Persistence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in the Bedbug Cimex hemipterus (Fabr.) (1979)

The fate of hepatitis B virus in the bedbug was investigated to assess this insect's potential as a vector. Colony-reared Cimex hemipterus (Fabr.) were fed once on blood positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The insects were sampled at intervals thereafter and tested for HBsAg by radioimmunoassay. HBsAg persisted for up to six weeks in the bedbug's body after a single HBsAg-positive meal, during which time several further HBsAg-negative blood meals were taken. This result explains the high rates of field infection in bedbugs and further supports the hypothesis that bedbugs may play a role in transmission of hepatitis B virus.
Memory effect in silicon time-gated single-photon avalanche diodes (2015)

We present a comprehensive characterization of the memory effect arising in thin-junction silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) when exposed to strong illumination. This partially unknown afterpulsing-like noise represents the main limiting factor when time-gated acquisitions are exploited to increase the measurement dynamic range of very fast (picosecond scale) and faint (single-photon) optical signals following a strong stray one. We report the dependences of this unwelcome signal-related noise on photon wavelength, detector temperature, and biasing conditions. Our results suggest that this so-called “memory effect” is generated in the deep regions of the detector, well below the depleted region, and its contribution on detector response is visible only when time-gated SPADs are exploited to reject a strong burst of photons.
A Comparison of Systemic Inflammation-Based Prognostic Scores in Patients on Regular Hemodialysis (2013)

GPS, based on serum albumin and highly sensitive C-reactive protein, has the most prognostic power for mortality prediction among the prognostic scores in HD patients. However, as the determination of serum albumin reflects mortality similarly to GPS, other composite combinations are needed to provide additional clinical utility beyond that of albumin alone in HD patients.