gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional numerical analysis of floating-gate EEPROM devices (1993)

The importance of transient analysis in the design of floating-gate EEPROMs is demonstrated. Anomalous behavior, which was identified during transient measurements, has been simulated using HFIELDS, a general-purpose two-dimensional (2D) numerical device simulator. The corrective action that was taken at the time to eliminate the problem has been analyzed and explained using the simulation results. In addition, the simulator has been used to investigate 2D effects in the device due to process nonidealities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Action of the Style Product of the Self-Incompatibility Gene of Nicotiana alata (S-RNase) on in Vitro-Grown Pollen Tubes (1991)

Julie E. Gray, Bruce A. McClure, , Marilyn A. Anderson, Adrienne E. Clarke, Action of the Style Product of the Self-Incompatibility Gene of Nicotiana alata (S-RNase) on in Vitro-Grown Pollen Tubes, The Plant Cell, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Mar., 1991), pp. 271-283
An Investigation of the Expression of G<sub>1</sub>-Phase Cell Cycle Proteins in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type IIB (2007)

Balloon cells (BCs) are the pathologic hallmark of focal cortical dysplasia type IIB, a common cause of pharmacoresistent epilepsy. Expression of markers of cell immaturity and of the proliferation marker minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (mcm2) have been previously shown in BCs, suggesting that these cells might represent a pool of less-differentiated cells licensed for replication. An alternative explanation is that these cells are the remnants of early cortical plate cells that have failed to differentiate or to be eliminated during development and are arrested in the cell cycle, a hypothesis that this study aims to explore. Using immunohistochemical methods and semiquantitative analysis in 19 cases of focal cortical dysplasia (ages 1-81 years), we studied the expression of cell cycle proteins important either in regulating progression through the G1 phase or inducing cell arrest and promoting premature senescence. Only a small fraction of BCs expressed geminin, suggesting that few BCs enter the S phase or complete the cell cycle. Variable expression of nonphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Rb), cdk4, and p53 was noted in BCs. Cyclin E, D1, cdk2, phosphorylated Rb (795 and 807/811), and checkpoint 2 expression levels were low in BCs. These findings suggest early rather than late G1 arrest. Cell senescence could be induced by an undefined cerebral insult during development or alternatively represent a physiologic replicative senescence. These findings also suggest that dysregulation of cell cycle pathways may occur in focal cortical dysplasia, which opens further areas for exploration as potential new treatment avenues.
Convergence of Kalman filter with quantized innovations (2010)

This work provides a convergence analysis for the estimate error covariance of Kalman filtering based on quantized measurement innovations (QIKF). By taking the quantization errors as random perturbations in observation system, an equivalent state-observation system is given. Accordingly, the quantitative Kalman filter for the original system is equivalent to a Kalman-like filtering for the equivalent state-observation system. In this performance analysis framework, the true covariance matrix of estimating error is strictly analyzed without Gaussian assumption on predicted distribution. A necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the QIKF is obtained. Then, the relationship between the standard Kalman filtering and the QIKF for the original system is discussed. Finally, the validity of these results are demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Problem drinking and alcoholism: diagnosis and treatment. (2002)

Alcoholism is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a prevalence of 8 to 14 percent. This heritable disease is frequently accompanied by other substance abuse disorders (particularly nicotine), anxiety and mood disorders, and antisocial personality disorder. Although associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, alcoholism often goes unrecognized in a clinical or primary health care setting. Several brief screening instruments are available to quickly identify problem drinking, often a pre-alcoholism condition. Problem drinking can be successfully treated with brief intervention by primary care physicians. Alcohol addiction is a lifelong disease with a relapsing, remitting course. Because of the potentially serious implications of the diagnosis, assessment for alcoholism should be detailed. Alcoholism is treated by a variety of psychosocial methods with or without newly developed pharmacotherapies that improve relapse rates. Screening for problem drinking and alcoholism needs to become an integral part of the routine health screening questionnaire for adolescents and all adults, particularly women of child-bearing age, because of the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
Simplifying Complex Scaffold Synthesis: Knoevenagel Adduct Allyl Anions as Easily Generated Multifunctional Reagents (2017)

Knoevenagel adduct allyl anions are easily generated and can serve as platforms for formal 1,3-difunctionalization. Summarized herein are a variety of reaction pathways that can be harnessed for multistep synthesis with emphasis on carbocycle synthesis. 1 Introduction 2 Formal 1,3-Difunctionalization Reactivity Modes: An Overview 3 γ-Alkylation/Deconjugative α-Alkylation 4 Deconjugative α-Alkylation/Pairing Sequences 5 Deconjugative α-Alkylation/Allylic Substitution 6 Deconjugative α-Alkylation/Allylic Transposition/Deconjugative α-Alkylation 7 Future Directions 8 Conclusions
Trotter-Based Simulation of Quantum-Classical Dynamics (2007)

Quantum rate processes in condensed phase systems are often computed by combining quantum and classical descriptions of the dynamics. An algorithm for simulating the quantum-classical Liouville equation, which describes the dynamics of a quantum subsystem coupled to a classical bath, is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on a Trotter decomposition of the quantum-classical propagator, in conjunction with Monte Carlo sampling of quantum transitions, to yield a surface-hopping representation of the dynamics. An expression for the nonadiabatic propagator that is responsible for quantum transitions and associated bath momentum changes is derived in a form that is convenient for Monte Carlo sampling and exactly conserves the total energy of the system in individual trajectories. The expectation values of operators or quantum correlation functions can be evaluated by initial sampling of quantum states and use of quantum-classical Liouville dynamics for the time evolution. The algorithm is tested by calculations on the spin-boson model, for which exact quantum results are available, and is shown to reproduce the exact results for stronger nonadiabatic coupling and much longer times using fewer trajectories than other schemes for simulating quantum-classical Liouville dynamics.
World Economic Prospects Monthly, May 2006 (2006)

Provides timely analysis of developments and prospects in the major economies. This includes a world overview, and detailed articles on the USA, Japan, the Eurozone, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the UK and Emerging Markets. Summary tables of data for these economies are also included.
Azithromycin Blocks Neutrophil Recruitment in <i>Pseudomonas</i> Endobronchial Infection (2004)

Macrolides exert their effects on the host by modulation of immune responses. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin in a murine model of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa endobronchial infection. The clearance of Pseudomonas from the airway of mice treated with the macrolide azithromycin was not different than untreated mice challenged with Pseudomonas beads. However, the azithromycin-treated mice showed a remarkable reduction in lung cellular infiltrate in response to Pseudomonas beads, as compared with untreated mice. This effect was associated with significant decreases in lung levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and keratinocyte-derived chemokine in azithromycin-treated mice compared with untreated mice. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the response of both mouse and human neutrophils to chemokine-dependent and -independent chemoattractants when studied in vitro. Inhibition of chemotaxis correlated with azithromycin-mediated inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 activation. This study indicates that the azithromycin treatment in vivo results in significant reduction in airway-specific inflammation, which occurs in part by inhibition of neutrophil recruitment to the lung through reduction in proinflammatory cytokine expression and inhibition of neutrophil migration via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 signal transduction pathway.
Enhance Profiling-Based Scan Chain Diagnosis by Pattern Masking (2010)

In prior work, profiling-based chain diagnosis methodologies were developed. This paper discusses the challenges associated with profiling-based chain diagnosis in the production test environment with limited failure buffer capacity on tester. We propose the following two pattern masking application flows to enhance diagnosis resolution in this scenario: (1) generic pattern masking and (2) adaptive pattern masking. Experimental results illustrate that pattern masking will enable profiling-based scan chain diagnosis in volume diagnosis environment.
Antiplasticization and volumetric behavior in glassy polymers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntiplasticization and volumetric behavior in glassy polymersJ. S. Vrentas, J. L. Duda, and H. C. LingCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 5, 1470–1475Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00183a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views676Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predicting Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete-A New Approach (1996)

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Some design considerations for coupled inductors for integrated buck-boost converters (2011)

This paper presents some design considerations for magnetically coupled inductors in buck-boost converters for distributed power generation. As compared to the conventional approach, the proposed integrated magnetic structure with coupled inductors enables reduction in core loss, core size, winding losses and in the number of turns. This paper discusses rough and simple design of the coupled inductor to achieve desired objectives. The methodology for the selection of inductance, core geometry, number of turns, air gap and isolation is described. In addition, general operation principles and conditions for the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) are presented. In order to verify the theoretical assumptions a prototype has been built. The experimental results are presented and discussed.
Fluorescence properties of reconstituted forms of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase from Saccharomyces fragilis. (1980)

UDP-glucose 4-epimerase from Saccharomyces fragilis exhibits a very characteristic intense fluorescence with an excitation maximum at 360 nm and an emission maximum at 433 nm. The fluorescence spectrum resembles the fluorescence of free NADH with an apparent blue shift and, although the exact nature of the fluorophore is not known, the protein-bound NAD, which is a coenzyme for this reaction, or its reduced form is obviously involved in the emission of the fluorescence. The fluorphore therefore constitutes part of the active site. The inactivation of epimerase with diazinedicarboxylic acid bis(N,N-diethylamide), a reaction shown in the previous paper to form a disulfide linkage across the subunits, results in a simultaneous and correlated loss of the characteristic fluorescence of the enzyme. Reaction with mercaptoethanol restores the native fluorescence with a 2 nm blue shift in emission maximum. These epxeriments provide additional evidence that the two conformationally vicinal sulfhydryl groups are located at the active site. Unlike the reconstituted enzyme obtained from the diamide-inactivated enzyme, the partialy active enzymes reconstituted from p-chloromercuribenzoate-inactivated and heat-inactivated enzymes fail to show the reappearance of the characteristic native fluorescence. Treatment with N-ethylmaleamide, on the other hand, leads to a form of the inactive enzyme that fully retains its fluorescent properties. A model depicting the minimal changes at the active site during the process of inactivation and reconstitution by these various treatments is presented.
Improved polarization measurements using a modified three-antenna technique (1988)

An improved three-antenna measurement of polarization that greatly reduces the uncertainty due to phase measurement errors is described. This technique is used to calibrate polarization standards and probes used in near-field antenna measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iminium carbonic acid derivative salts. <b>XI</b>. Synthesis of <i>N,S</i>‐containing heterobicycles from <i>N</i>‐protected 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazoüum salts. Part 3. Reaction of <i>N</i>‐protected 2‐methylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium and 2‐methylthiothiazolium salts with 3‐amino‐2‐cyano‐3‐arylacrylonitriles (1996)

Abstract N ‐Boc‐protected 2‐memylthio‐1,3‐thiazinium 1 and 2‐methylthiothiazolium iodides 2, 3 obtained from the corresponding 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydro‐2 H ‐1,3‐thiazine‐2‐thiones and thiazolidine‐2‐thiones by the action of methyl iodide were reacted with 3‐armno‐2‐cyano‐3‐arylacrylonitriles forming the cyclic isothioureas 5–7 . The protection group was removed with trifluoroacetic acid whereupon the desired cyclisation to 3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ,6 H ‐pyrimido[2,1‐ b ][1,3]thiazines 8a‐c, 8a′‐c′ and thiazolo[3,2‐ b ]pyrimidines 9a,b, 9a′,b′, 10a,b took place.
Bayesian Inference in Hidden Markov Models Through the Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method (2000)

Summary Hidden Markov models form an extension of mixture models which provides a flexible class of models exhibiting dependence and a possibly large degree of variability. We show how reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques can be used to estimate the parameters as well as the number of components of a hidden Markov model in a Bayesian framework. We employ a mixture of zero-mean normal distributions as our main example and apply this model to three sets of data from finance, meteorology and geomagnetism.
Navigation parameter estimation from sequential aerial images (2002)

This paper presents a method for navigation parameter estimation using sequential aerial images, where navigation parameters represent the velocity and position information of an aircraft for autonomous navigation. The proposed navigation parameter estimation system is composed of two parts: relative position estimation and absolute position estimation. Relative position estimation recursively computes the current velocity and position of an aircraft by accumulating navigation parameters extracted from two successive aerial images. However, simple accumulation of parameter values decreases reliability of the extracted parameters as an aircraft goes on navigating, resulting in a large position error. Therefore absolute position estimation is required to compensate for position error generated in the relative position estimation step. A hybrid absolute position estimation algorithm combining image matching and digital elevation model (DEM) matching is presented. In image matching, line segment matching or Hausdorff distance (HD) matching is employed whereas in DEM matching a new algorithm for absolute position estimation by minimizing the variance of displacements is proposed. Computer simulation with real aerial image sequences shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A human pluripotent stem cell-based model of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals an ACE2-independent inflammatory activation of vascular endothelial cells through TLR4 (2022)

To date, the direct causative mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced endotheliitis remains unclear. Here, we report that human ECs barely express surface ACE2, and ECs express less intracellular ACE2 than non-ECs of the lungs. We ectopically expressed ACE2 in hESC-ECs to model SARS-CoV-2 infection. ACE2-deficient ECs are resistant to the infection but are more activated than ACE2-expressing ones. The virus directly induces endothelial activation by increasing monocyte adhesion, NO production, and enhanced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB, and eNOS in ACE2-expressing and -deficient ECs. ACE2-deficient ECs respond to SARS-CoV-2 through TLR4 as treatment with its antagonist inhibits p38 MAPK/NF-κB/ interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activation after viral exposure. Genome-wide, single-cell RNA-seq analyses further confirm activation of the TLR4/MAPK14/RELA/IL-1β axis in circulating ECs of mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Circulating ECs could serve as biomarkers for indicating patients with endotheliitis. Together, our findings support a direct role for SARS-CoV-2 in mediating endothelial inflammation in an ACE2-dependent or -independent manner.
A Design and Analysis of Graphical Password (2022)

The most common computer authentication method is to use alphanumerical usernames and passwords. This method has been shown to have significant drawbacks. For example, users tend to pick passwords that can be easily guessed. On the other hand, if a password is hard to guess, then it is often hard to remember. To address this problem, some researchers have developed authentication methods that use pictures as passwords. In this paper, I conduct a comprehensive survey of the existing graphical password techniques. I classify these techniques into two categories: recognition-based and recall-based approaches. I discuss the strengths and limitations of each method and point out the future research directions in this area. I also developed three new techniques against the common problem exists in the present graphical password techniques. In this thesis, the scheme of each new technique will be proposed; the advantages of each technique will be discussed; and the future work will be anticipated.
Mammalian osteoclasts express a transient potassium channel with properties of Kv1.3. (1994)

Previous studies have revealed that expression of K+ channels in osteoclasts correlates with cell morphology and is influenced by interaction with the extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of an outwardly rectifying K+ channel in rat and mouse osteoclasts using patch-clamp techniques. Cell-attached patch recordings revealed a channel of approximately 14 pS conductance that opened upon depolarization, and had a reversal potential close to that predicted for a K+ channel. Channel activity was transient; inactivation of ensemble currents, like that of whole-cell currents, occurred as a single exponential process. Both single-channel and macroscopic currents exhibited use-dependent inactivation in response to repetitive depolarizations. Two scorpion toxins, margatoxin and charybdotoxin, blocked this transient K+ channel, with half-maximal inhibition at 200 pM and 5 nM, respectively. In contrast, dendrotoxin (500 nM) had little effect. In summary, the outwardly rectifying K+ channel in osteoclasts resembles the Shaker-related K+ channel, Kv1.3. When membrane potential was recorded in whole-cell configuration, charybdotoxin (50 nM) caused a depolarization of 5 to 10 mV from resting levels of -50 mV or more positive; therefore this K+ channel contributes to the membrane potential of osteoclasts under some conditions. To investigate the molecular nature of osteoclast K+ channels, we performed RT-PCR on osteoclast RNA using primers for Kv1.3 and the inward rectifier, IRK1. mRNA encoded by Kv1.3 and IRK1 was detected and message identity confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. We conclude that osteoclasts exhibit, in addition to the previously described inward rectifier, an outwardly rectifying K+ conductance with properties of the Kv1.3. channel.
Epstein-Barr virus associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorders following bone marrow transplantation (1988)

Abstract B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPD) developed in eight patients following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukemia (five patients) or immunodeficiency (three patients). Recipients of T depleted marrow from a mismatched donor were at particularly high risk of this complication. Six of 25 (24%) recipients of mismatched T depleted bone marrow developed BLPD. In contrast, none of 47 matched T depleted transplants, one of ten (10%) who received non-depleted marrow from an unrelated donor, and only one of 424 matched non-depleted transplants were associated with BLPD. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific serology and DNA hybridization studies demonstrating five to 50 copies of EBV genome/cell in involved tissues implicate this virus as an associated etiologic agent. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and cytogenetic analysis of involved tissue demonstrated donor origin (five of seven) or host origin (two of seven). Histologic appearance was similar to EBV-induced polymorphic B cell proliferations described following solid organ transplantation, or which occur de novo in primary immunodeficiency. Six of seven patients with adequate tissue available for study were found to have monoclonal proliferations by: in situ immunofluorescence (six of seven), and/or immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, (four of six). Cytogenetic analysis of involved tissues from four patients showed a normal karyotype, whereas two had multiple clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Seven patients died despite aggressive attempts at therapy with combinations of antiviral, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic agents.