gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient MPEG-4 to H.264 transcoding exploiting MPEG-4 block modes, motion vectors, and residuals (2009)

In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm to transcode MPEG-4 to H.264. The algorithm exploits the information decoded from the MPEG-4 stream to reduce H.264 encoding complexity. This information includes the MPEG-4 block modes, motion vectors, and residuals. The algorithm proceeds in two steps. First, a small set of most probable H.264 block mode candidates are obtained from an MPEG-4 to H.264 block mode conversion table. Then, motion estimation is performed for the candidate modes where, based on the residual information, the MPEG-4 motion vectors are either reused or refined. Experimental results show that the algorithm can speed-up the transcoding of QCIF and CIF sequences, from MPEG-4 visual simple to H.264 baseline profiles, by a factor of 2 to 3, with an acceptable loss in quality compared to the cascade spatial domain transcoding approach. It also provides significantly improved quality relative to current state-of-the-art methods.
Query-aware compression of join results (2013)

Client-server database query processing has become an important paradigm in many data processing applications today. In cloud-based data services, for example, queries over structured data are sent to cloud-based servers for processing and the results relayed back to the client devices. Network bandwidth between client devices and cloud-based servers is often a limited resource and the use of data compression to reduce the amount of query result data transmitted would not only conserve bandwidth but also help with battery lifetime in the case of mobile client devices. For query result compression, current data compression methods do not exploit redundancy information that can be inferred from the query structure itself for greater compression. In this paper we propose a novel query-aware compression method for compressing query results sent from database servers to client applications. Our method is based on two key ideas. We exploit redundancy information obtained from the query plan and possibly from the database schema to achieve better compression than standard non-query aware compressors. We use a collection of memory-limited dictionaries to encode attribute values in a lightweight and efficient manner. Each dictionary in the collection of dictionaries are also dynamically resized to adapt to changing temporal access characteristics. We evaluated our method empirically using the TPC-H benchmark show that this technique is effective especially when used in conjunction with standard compressors. Our results show that compression ratios of up to twice that of gzip are possible.
A Large Effective Area Multi-Core Fibre with an Optimised Cladding Thickness (2011)

The cladding-thickness of trench-assisted multi-core fibres was investigated in terms of excess losses. The MCF with an effective area of 110 µm2 at 1.55 µm and 181-µm cladding diameter was realised without any excess loss.
Implicit Coordination in Software Development (2010)

This research proposal focuses on finding evidence of implicit coordination in software, analyzing the effects of that implicit coordination, and creating tools to further exploit the use of the inherently cheaper coordination means.
Active mixing of complex fluids at the microscale (2015)

Mixing of complex fluids at low Reynolds number is fundamental for a broad range of applications, including materials assembly, microfluidics, and biomedical devices. Of these materials, yield stress fluids (and gels) pose the most significant challenges, especially when they must be mixed in low volumes over short timescales. New scaling relationships between mixer dimensions and operating conditions are derived and experimentally verified to create a framework for designing active microfluidic mixers that can efficiently homogenize a wide range of complex fluids. Active mixing printheads are then designed and implemented for multimaterial 3D printing of viscoelastic inks with programmable control of local composition.
Second Generation Advanced Reburning for High Efficiency NOx Control (1999)

This project is designed to develop a family of novel NO{sub x} control technologies, called Second Generation Advanced Reburning which has the potential to achieve 90+ NO{sub x} control in coal fired boilers at a significantly lower cost than Selective Catalytic Reduction. The seventh reporting period in Phase II (April 1-June 30, 1999) included experimental activities and combined chemistry-mixing modeling on advanced gas reburning. The goal of combustion tests was to determine the efficiency of advanced reburning using coal as the reburning fuel. Tests were conducted in Boiler Simulator Facility (BSF). Several coals were tested. The modeling effort was focused on the description of N-agent injection along with overfire air. Modeling identified process parameters that can be used to optimize the AR-Lean process.
Microwave Dielectric Properties and Crystal Structure of CaO–Li<sub>2</sub>O–(1-x)Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–xLn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> (Ln: lanthanide) Ceramics System (1996)

We have investigated the microwave dielectric properties and crystal structure of the CaO–SrO–Li2O–Sm2O3·Ln2O3–TiO2 system (Ln: lanthanide). This system is orthorhombic with a GdFeO3–type perovskite structure, which is the same as that of CaTiO3. It was also seen that the lanthanide ionic radius has a strong influence on the dielectric properties. Namely, the dielectric constant is affected by the unit-cell volume and the f·Q value is affected by variations in the crystal structure and by the appearance of another phase. Excellent dielectric properties of ε r=123 and f·Q value=4150 GHz and good temperature stability for the resonant frequency (τ f'=10.8 ppm/° C) at 3 GHz were obtained with a composition of CaO:SrO:Li2O:Sm2O3:Nd2O3:TiO2=15:1:9:6:6:63 (molar ratio).
High Comonomer Selectivity in Ethylene/Hexene Copolymerization by Unbridged Indenyl Metallocenes (2003)

Catalysts derived from unbridged 2-arylindene metallocenes of Hf and Zr are active for ethylene/hexene copolymerization and show a much higher selectivity toward hexene than unsubstituted bis(indenyl) metallocenes. The ligand substitution pattern and the nature of the metal ion have a strong influence on the ability of unbridged 2-arylindenyl metallocenes to incorporate 1-hexene comonomer in ethylene/hexene copolymerizations. Our data support the hypothesis that arene substituents near the active site promote the α-olefin coordination and insertion, thereby providing comonomer-rich polyethylenes. Hafnium-based metallocenes incorporate α-olefins better than their zirconium congeners. The sterically encumbered bis(3‘,5‘-di-tert-butyl-2-phenylindenyl)hafnium dichloride incorporates α-olefins with an ability comparable to the cyclopentadienylamido metallocene {η1:η5-[(tert-butylamido)dimethylsilyl](2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-1-cyclopentadienyl)}titanium dichloride (Me2Si(Me4Cp)tBuNTiCl2).
Pulse compression techniques using highly nonlinear fibers (2007)

We review pulse compression technique based on "comb-like profiled fiber (CPF)", comprised of alternate concatenations of highly nonlinear fiber and anomalous-dispersion fiber. We show CPF has truly practical and flexible features for optical pulse compression.
Inhibitors and Inactivators of Protein Arginine Deiminase 4:  Functional and Structural Characterization<sup>,</sup> (2006)

Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a transcriptional coregulator that catalyzes the calcium-dependent conversion of specific arginine residues in proteins to citrulline. Recently, we reported the synthesis and characterization of F-amidine, a potent and bioavailable irreversible inactivator of PAD4. Herein, we report our efforts to identify the steric and leaving group requirements for F-amidine-induced PAD4 inactivation, the structure of the PAD4-F-amidine x calcium complex, and in vivo studies with N-alpha-benzoyl-N5-(2-chloro-1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine amide (Cl-amidine), a PAD4 inactivator with enhanced potency. The PAD4 inactivators described herein will be useful pharmacological probes in characterizing the incompletely defined physiological role(s) of this enzyme. In addition, they represent potential lead compounds for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis because a growing body of evidence supports a role for PAD4 in the onset and progression of this chronic autoimmune disorder.
Cushing’s syndrome (2011)

Abstract Harvey Cushing described the first case of Cushing’s syndrome with a severe phenotype in 1912. Since that time, investigation and management of Cushing’s syndrome has remained a significant clinical challenge (1, 2) and patients suspected of this diagnosis warrant referral to major centres. Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome is due the chronic, excessive, and inappropriate secretion of cortisol. When presentation is florid diagnosis is usually straightforward, but in modern practice Cushing’s syndrome is frequently and increasingly considered in mild cases in the absence of the classical signs in the context of osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, gynaecology, and psychiatric clinics, and achieving a diagnosis can be difficult. Appropriate management of Cushing’s syndrome is dependent on correctly identifying the cause of excess cortisol. Separating non-ACTH-dependent causes (adrenal tumours) from ACTH-dependent causes (pituitary or ectopic secretion of ACTH) is usually simple. However, many ectopic sources are occult and the differentiation of the source of ACTH secretion may require meticulous and repeated investigation to enable the appropriate surgery to be undertaken. In most circumstances the mainstay of therapy remains surgery to either an ACTH-secreting tumour or directly to the adrenal glands, but additional treatment with cortisol-lowering drugs and tumour-directed radiotherapy is often needed.
Theoretical Analysis of Energy Efficiency and Bandwidth Limit of Silicon Photonic Modulators (2019)

Parallel optical interconnects at the extreme scale hold the key to resolve the grand challenge of moving enormous amount of data between on-chip cores and within multi-chip modules. Silicon photonic modulators, as one of the most pivotal devices conducting electronic to photonic signal conversion, must excel in energy efficiency and bandwidth density in order to meet the stringent requirement of extreme scale photonic interconnects. In this manuscript, the energy efficiency and bandwidth limit of ultra-compact resonator-based silicon photonic modulators are analyzed from three fundamental perspectives: free carrier dispersion strength of the active materials, Purcell factors of the resonators, and electrical configuration of the capacitors. Our simulation results reveal convincing advantages of photonic crystal nanocavity over micro-ring and micro-disk resonators in terms of energy efficiency and device footprint. While for the electro-optic modulation region, metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors truly outperform reversed PN junctions due to the large capacitance density. However, all resonator-based silicon photonic modulators suffer the intrinsic trade-off between energy efficiency and resistance-capacitance-delay limited bandwidth. The general model developed herein lays the theoretical foundation and identify possible routes to achieve atto-joule per bit energy efficiency and how to approach the bandwidth limit of silicon photonic modulators.
High-yield isolation of extracellular vesicles using aqueous two-phase system (2015)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles released from cells are potential biomarkers for blood-based diagnostic applications. To exploit EVs as diagnostic biomarkers, an effective pre-analytical process is necessary. However, recent studies performed with blood-borne EVs have been hindered by the lack of effective purification strategies. In this study, an efficient EV isolation method was developed by using polyethylene glycol/dextran aqueous two phase system (ATPS). This method provides high EV recovery efficiency (~70%) in a short time (~15 min). Consequently, it can significantly increase the diagnostic applicability of EVs.
Physics of fusion pumped lasers (1989)

A novel concept is described which utilizes a liquified rare gas as both an energy converter and high-density lasing media. The concept allows the advantage of the large mean-free path of high energy fusion neutrons together with a highly-efficient mechanism for volumetric production of 1 MeV electrons which causes ionization and excitation throughout the medium. This scheme coupled together with the high efficiency for light production of liquid excimers may provide the possibilities for a new dimension in high power lasers.
A Sunflower Receiver for Hybrid Photovoltaic-Solar Thermal Energy Conversion (2019)

A hybrid receiver composed of a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module and a thermal receiver is developed for a photovoltaic-solar thermal (CPV/T) cogeneration system. The receiver has the appearance of a flower and is referred to as a sunflower receiver. The unique nature of this design uses both waste heat from the CPV cells and intentional spillage of a large fraction of the concentrated solar energy to generate very high temperature thermal output (up to 250°C) from a single heat transfer fluid, while the temperature of the cells is maintained below 110°C as they convert part of the solar spectrum into electricity. The exit temperature of the heat transfer fluid is adjustable according to the requirements of commercial or industrial process heat application. Early prototype results are discussed.
7- <i>O</i> -Malonyl Macrolactin A, a New Macrolactin Antibiotic from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Active against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, and a Small-Colony Variant of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> (2006)

We report here the discovery, isolation, and chemical and preliminary biological characterization of a new antibiotic compound, 7-O-malonyl macrolactin A (MMA), produced by a Bacillus subtilis soil isolate. MMA is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits a number of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and a small-colony variant of Burkholderia cepacia. MMA-treated staphylococci and enterococci were pseudomulticellular and exhibited multiple asymmetric initiation points of septum formation, indicating that MMA may inhibit a cell division function.
Tuning the Composition and Structure of Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide/Carbon Black Nanocomposites by Radiation Technique for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution (2017)

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide/carbon black (MoS<sub>x</sub>/C) nanocomposites are synthesized by a facile one-step γ-ray radiation induced reduction process. Amorphous MoS<sub>x</sub> shows better intrinsic activity than crystalline MoS<sub>2</sub>. And the composition and amorphous structure of MoS<sub>x</sub> could be expediently tuned by absorbed dose for excellent catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the addition of carbon black leads to a significant decrease of charge transfer resistance and increase of active sites of MoS<sub>x</sub>/C composite. Consequently, MoS<sub>x</sub>/C nanocomposite shows Pt-like catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which requires an onset over potential of 40 mV and over potential of 76 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, and the corresponding Tafel slope is 48 mV decade<sup>-1</sup>. After 6000 CV cycles, the catalytic activity of MoS<sub>x</sub>/C shows no obvious decrease. However, when platinum (Pt) foil is used as counter electrode, MoS<sub>x</sub>/C composite show better catalytic activity abnormally after long-term cycling tests. The dissolution of Pt was observed in HER and the Pt dissolution mechanism is elucidated by further analyzing the surface composition of after-cycling electrodes, which offers highly valuable guidelines for using Pt electrode in HER.
Epoxide polymers: Synthesis, stereochemistry, structure, and mechanism (1969)

Abstract Epoxide polymerization studies have yielded technically important catalysts and polymers. The polymers were studied by cleaving them with Group IA organometallics to monomer, dimer, and trimer glycol fragments. The identification of these glycol fragments has established that the crystalline polymers from the cis ‐ and trans ‐2,3‐epoxybutanes are respectively racemic and meso‐diisotactic and that the amorphous polymer from the cis ‐oxide is disyndiotactic. These studies also showed that the amorphous fraction from propylene oxide polymerization with coordination catalysts contains substantial head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail segments. This work has led to a much better understanding of the mechanism of epoxide polymerization. These facts were established: (1) epoxides polymerize with inversion of configuration of the ring‐opening carbon atom; (2) monosubstituted epoxides polymerize largely by attack on the primary carbon with a coordination catalyst; and (3) two or more metal atoms must be involved in the coordination polymerization of epoxides.
Reconstruction of transient acoustic radiation from a sphere (2005)

Transient near-field acoustical holography (NAH) formulation is derived from the Helmholtz equation least squares (HELS) method to reconstruct acoustic radiation from a spherical surface subject to transient excitations in a free field. To facilitate derivations of temporal solutions, we make use of the Laplace transform and expansion in terms of the spherical Hankel functions and spherical harmonics, with their coefficients settled by solving a system of equations obtained by matching an assumed-form solution to the measured acoustic pressure. To derive a general form of solution for a temporal kernel, we replace the spherical Hankel functions and their derivatives by polynomials, recast infinite integrals in the inverse Laplace transform as contour integrals in a complex s-plane, and evaluate it via the residue theorem. The transient acoustic quantities anywhere including the source surface are then obtained by convoluting the temporal kernels with respect to the measured acoustic pressure. Numerical examples of reconstructing transient acoustic fields from explosively expanding, impulsively accelerating, and partially accelerating spheres, and that from a sphere subject to an arbitrarily time-dependent excitation are depicted. To illustrate the effectiveness of HELS-based transient NAH formulations, all input data are collected along an arbitrarily selected line segment and used to reconstruct transient acoustic quantities everywhere.
Spin Trapping by 5-Carbamoyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline<i>N</i>-Oxide (AMPO):  Theoretical and Experimental Studies (2004)

The nitrone 5-carbamoyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (AMPO) was synthesized and characterized. Spin trapping of various radicals by AMPO was demonstrated for the first time by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The resulting spin adducts for each of these radicals gave unique spectral profiles. The hyperfine splitting constants for the superoxide adduct are as follows: isomer I (80%), a(nitronyl)(-)(N) = 13.0 G and a(beta)(-)(H) = 10.8 G; isomer II (20%), a(nitronyl)(-)(N) = 13.1 G, a(beta)(-)(H) = 12.5 G, and a(gamma)(-)(H) = 1.75 G. The half-life of the AMPO-O(2)H was about 8 min, similar to that observed for EMPO but significantly shorter than that of the DEPMPO-O(2)H with t(1/2) approximately 16 min. However, the spectral profile of AMPO-O(2)H at high S/N ratio is distinguishable from the spectrum of the (*)OH adduct. Theoretical analyses using density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G//B3LYP/6-31G level were performed on AMPO and its corresponding superoxide adduct. Calculations predicted the presence of intramolecular H-bonding in both AMPO and its superoxide adduct. The H-bonding interaction was further confirmed by an X-ray structure of AMPO, and of the novel and analogous amido nitrone 2-amino-5-carbamoyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (NH(2)-AMPO). The thermodynamic quantities for superoxide radical trapping by various nitrones have been found to predict favorable formation of certain isomers. The measured partition coefficient in an n-octanol/buffer system of AMPO was similar to those of DMPO and DEPMPO. This study demonstrates the suitability of the AMPO nitrone for use as a spin trap to study radical production in aqueous systems.
Ultrashort electron pulses for diffraction, crystallography and microscopy: theoretical and experimental resolutions (2008)

Pulsed electron beams allow for the direct atomic-scale observation of structures with femtosecond to picosecond temporal resolution in a variety of fields ranging from materials science to chemistry and biology, and from the condensed phase to the gas phase. Motivated by recent developments in ultrafast electron diffraction and imaging techniques, we present here a comprehensive account of the fundamental processes involved in electron pulse propagation, and make comparisons with experimental results. The electron pulse, as an ensemble of charged particles, travels under the influence of the space-charge effect and the spread of the momenta among its electrons. The shape and size, as well as the trajectories of the individual electrons, may be altered. The resulting implications on the spatiotemporal resolution capabilities are discussed both for the N-electron pulse and for single-electron coherent packets introduced for microscopy without space-charge.
Adaptive motion estimation based on statistical sum of absolute difference (2002)

A novel motion estimation algorithm for video compression, AMESSAD (adaptive motion estimation based on statistical sum of absolute difference) is presented. The algorithm adaptively determines motion search window size based on short-term and long-term statistical distribution of motion activities. It performs motion estimation efficiently for hybrid video encoders, compared with full and fixed-step search BMA algorithms. In addition, improved perceptual quality can be obtained over fixed step search because the algorithm differentiates regions with motion content and provides better coding quality to local macroblocks and frames that have richer motion content.
Molecular Layer Deposition of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Films Using Diethylzinc and Trihydroxybenzene (2014)

We fabricated organic-inorganic hybrid thin films by using molecular layer deposition with diethylzinc and benzenetriol at temperatures of 100-160 °C. In this MLD process, the surface reactions were found to be self-terminating and complementary enough to make a uniform, conformal, high-quality hybrid thin film. The prepared zinc oxide-crosslinked hydroxybenzene and zinc oxide nanolaminated films (ZnOHB/ZnO) exhibited good stability and field effect mobility (> 0.6 cm2/V · s). The MLD method is an ideal technique for fabrication of various organic-inorganic hybrid thin films.