gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Control Based Active Force Sensing System for Micromanipulation (2005)

This paper presents the development of an active force sensing technology for micromanipulation using in-situ polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layers symmetrically bonded to the surface of a flexible cantilever beam structure. This beam has both sensing and actuating PVDF layers. The sensing layer detects the deformation signal due to an external micro-force acting at the sensor tip. Using a LQR optimal feedback control scheme, a counteracting bending moment is generated by the actuating layer, balancing the deformation of the sensor beam. The sensor tip will then maintain the equilibrium position as though the sensor stiffness is virtually improved, yielding accurate motion control of the sensor tip. Furthermore, the micro-force value can be obtained by calculating the balance force generated by the counteracting servo voltage applied to the actuating layer. Experimental results verify both the per- formance of the active micro-force sensor and the effectiveness of the models. In this paper, the much more sensitive, stable and robust approach of piezoelectric sensing/actuating is used. The active sensor is built based on the bilateral mechanical- electrical behaviors of piezoelectric PVDF film. Both sensing and actuating functions are reliable, which enables high performance active sensing with wide application to different micromanipulation environments. The objective of this paper is to develop an active micro scale force sensing system using a cantilever beam-based sensor structure with symmetrically bonded PVDF sensing and actuating layers. When an external micro-force deforms the sensor, and the contact force is recorded by the PVDF sensing layer and fed back to the PVDF actuating layer through a LQR optimal servo controller. A counteracting deformation is then generated by the bending moment of the actuating layer to balance the deformation. Thus the sensor beam becomes straight, and the tip will remain in the equilibrium position. Furthermore, the value of the micro- force can be obtained simultaneously using the balance voltage which is applied to the actuating layer. Using the LQR compensator, the tip deflection and velocity can be estimated by the observer without the measurements. This active approach enlarges the dynamic range of the sensor and will enhance manipulability during micromanipulation. This sensor is highly sensitive with a simple structure. Experimental results verify both the performance of this active micro-force sensor and the effectiveness of the models.
Modelling of Time-varying Rough Sea Surface Ghosts and Source Deghosting by Integral Inversion (2017)

Summary A major impediment to the full understanding of the data acquired in marine seismic is the restricting assumption of a flat and stationary sea surface used in certain pre-processing tools. A first step towards removing this assumption is to accurately account for the sea state (time varying free surface) in the deghosting process. On the receiver side, this is handled properly by using dual-sensor streamer. In this work, we present an integral approach to model the source side ghost effects from time-varying rough sea surfaces and show that the interaction with time-varying sea surfaces affect the subsurface reflections and may have a significant impact on seismic repeatability. We then continue with a theoretical derivation where we develop deghosting operator based on an integral inversion of the modeling operator. This formulation for source deghosting can account for the time-variation of rough sea surfaces.
Attenuation and cell culture adaptation of hepatitis A virus (HAV): a genetic analysis with HAV cDNA (1989)

RNA transcripts of hepatitis A virus (HAV) HM-175 cDNA from attenuated, cell culture-adapted HAV were infectious in cell culture. A full-length HAV cDNA from wild-type HAV (propagated in marmosets in vivo) was constructed. Chimeric cDNAs that contained portions of both wild-type and attenuated genomes were produced. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to engineer a point mutation into the VP1 gene of attenuated HAV cDNA, so that the sequence of this capsid protein would be identical to that of the wild-type virus. Transfection of monkey kidney cells with RNA transcripts from several of the chimeric cDNAs and from the mutagenized cDNA induced production of HAV. Comparison of the growth of attenuated, wild-type, chimeric, and mutant viruses in vitro indicated that the P2-P3 (nonstructural protein) region is important for cell culture adaptation of the virus; the 5' noncoding region may also contribute to adaptation, but to a lesser extent. Inoculation of marmosets with transfection-derived virus also suggested that the P2-P3 region plays an important role in attenuation of HAV HM-175.
Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Chemically Precise Graphene Nanoribbons (2014)

In this article, we describe our chemical approach, developed over the course of a decade, towards the bottom-up synthesis of structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). GNR synthesis can be achieved through two different methods, one being a solution-phase process based on conventional organic chemistry and the other invoking surface-assisted fabrication, employing modern physics methodologies. In both methods, rationally designed monomers are polymerized to form non-planar polyphenylene precursors, which are "graphitized" and "planarized" by solution-mediated or surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation. Through these methods, a variety of GNRs have been synthesized with different widths, lengths, edge structures, and degrees of heteroatom doping, featuring varying (opto)electronic properties. The ability to chemically tailor GNRs with tuned properties in a well-defined manner will contribute to the elucidation of the fundamental physics of GNRs, as well as pave the way for the development of GNR-based nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
Efficient decision procedure for non-linear arithmetic constraints using CORDIC (2009)

In verification of hybrid discrete-continuous and embedded control systems, one encounters decision problems involving non-linear constraints. We propose an efficient decision procedure (CORD) for such decisions problems using CORDIC algorithms, and an off-the-shelf SMT(LA) (Satisfiability Modulo Theory for Linear Arithmetic) solver, for given precision requirements. We first translate the non-linear part of the decision problem to a SMT(LA) formula using CORDIC algorithms, accounting for all the inaccuracies safely. In the translation, we use a normalization scheme, combined with interval bounds to obtain a linearized formula without compromising the precision requirements. On such a linearized formula, we devise a DPLL-style Interval Search Engine (DISE) that explores various combinations of interval bounds using a SMT(LA) solver. In our experiments, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, and compare it with a latest state-of-the-art decision procedure.
Defective vaccine-induced immunity to <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> in P strain mice. I. Analysis of antibody responses. (1984)

Abstract Inbred P4 strain mice have previously been shown to be uniquely defective in their resistance to challenge infection induced by irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. To assess whether the low levels of resistance developed by vaccinated P mice could be due to a defective antibody response, we compared the anti-schistosomulum antibody responses in vaccinated P animals with those occurring in vaccinated C57BL/6J (B6) mice, a strain that consistently develops high levels of resistance to challenge infection. Our results indicate that vaccinated P mice develop levels of total anti-schistosomulum antibodies that are significantly lower than those occurring in B6 mice for at least 15 wk after immunization, with the exception of the fifth week, at which time the responses are indistinguishable. Further analysis revealed that the defect in P strain antibody response occurs specifically in the IgM isotype and that specific IgM levels in P mice are less than one-half the levels in B6 mice at every time point examined. In contrast, no differences in total IgM immunoglobulins were evident when sera from normal (nonvaccinated) P and B6 mice were compared. P mouse anti-schistosomulum IgG antibody responses reached the same levels as those observed in B6 mice by 5 wk after vaccination. However, a much faster decay in IgG antibody levels occurred after this time point in P animals. No differences were observed when the levels of anti-schistosomulum antibodies occurring in each of the major IgG isotypes (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3) were compared in sera from P and B6 mice vaccinated 4 wk previously. Similarly, vaccinated P and B6 mice were found to mount indistinguishable IgG anamnestic responses after challenge infection. Finally, no differences between vaccinated P and B6 mice were observed when immediate (30 min) skin test and mast cell degranulation responses to a soluble schistosome antigenic preparation were compared. The above findings suggest that P strain mice have a specific defect in their ability to mount IgM antibody responses after immunization with irradiated cercariae. The possible contribution of this defect in IgM response to the decreased resistance of vaccinated P mice to challenge infection is discussed.
[Quantitative Ultrasound Measurements of Blood Flow Velocity and Turbulence]. (2018)

The paper described the hemodynamics of blood flow based on fluid mechanics and its corresponding formulas, and revealed the limitation of blood flow velocity measurement for non-laminar flow when using the conventional pulse wave Doppler. The paper demonstrated the calculation of turbulence for blood flow based on velocity directions and quantified the turbulence according to the presented formulas. Two methods were introduced and the simulated results were analyzed. An example using real data based on ultrasound vector flow imaging for calculating the turbulence of blood flow was presented in the end.
Abstract 1712: Androgen receptor splicing variants promote therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer (2010)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in progression to incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer. Recently, we and others have identified multiple alternatively spliced AR isoforms in hormone refractory prostate cancer cells. These AR splice variants contain the intact N-terminal transactivation domain and the DNA binding domain, but lack the ligand binding domain. They function as constitutively active transcription factors and their activity is independent of androgen or anti-androgens. Our tissue microarrays analysis on 429 human prostate tissue samples revealed that AR3, one of the major AR splice variants, is significantly up-regulated during prostate cancer progression and AR3 expression level is correlated with the risk of tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Overexpression of AR3 confers castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells, whereas specific knockdown of AR3 expression in hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells attenuates their growth under androgen-depleted conditions, suggesting an indispensable role of AR3 in castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, our gene expression microarray analysis showed that AR3 regulates a unique set of target genes which are not regulated by the prototype AR, suggesting that AR3, as an independent transcription factor, utilizes a distinct transcription programs to achieve its distinct and specific biological functions which are important for castration-resistant growth. In addition to its role in the androgen-ablation resistance, the AR isoforms may also be involved in chemotherapeutic resistance. We found that AR3 is overexpressed in chemotherapeutic resistant prostate cancer cell lines that are more tumorigenic, compared with their parental drug-sensitive lines. Therefore, aberrant expression of AR splicing variants may be a general mechanism underlying the development of multiple therapeutic resistances in prostate cancer. Taken together, our data suggest that AR3 may potentially serve as a prognostic marker to predict patient outcome in response to hormonal and chemo therapy, and targeting these AR splicing variants may offer more effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1712.
Effect of Cobalt Incorporation and Lithium Enrichment in Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxides (2010)

Candidate cathode materials of cobalt-incorporated and lithium-enriched have been prepared by a coprecipitation method and a solid-state reaction. We systematically investigated the effect of both cobalt presence and lithium concentration on the structure, physical properties, and electrochemical behavior of the studied samples. The electrochemical performance of the cobalt-containing compounds showed much less dependence on the variation in the lithium amounts compared to the cobalt-free counterpart. The study demonstrated that even with cobalt incorporation, proper lithium content is the key to desirable cathode materials with nanostructured primary particles that are indispensable to achieve high capacity and high rate capability and, therefore, both improved energy and power densities for lithium-ion batteries.
Low Complexity Sphere Decoding for Spatial Multiplexing MIMO (2008)

In this paper we present a novel method for decoding multiple input - multiple output (MIMO) transmission, which combines sphere decoding (SD) and zero forcing (ZF) techniques to provide near optimal low complexity and high performance constant time modified sphere decoding algorithm. This algorithm was designed especially for large number of transmit antennas, and allows efficient implementation in hardware. We do this by limiting the number of overall SD iterations. Moreover, we make sure that matrices with high condition number are more likely to undergo SD.
An encryption-based access control framework for content-centric networking (2015)

This paper proposes a comprehensive encryption-based access control framework for content centric networking (CCN), called CCN-AC. This framework is both flexible and extensible, enabling the specification, implementation, and enforcement of a variety of access control policies for sensitive content in the network. The design of CCN-AC heavily relies on the concept of secure content object manifests and leverages them to decouple encrypted content from access policy and specifications for minimum communication overhead and maximum utilization of in-network caches. To demonstrate the flexibility of framework, we also describe how to implement two sample access control schemes, group-based access control and broadcast access control, within CCN-AC framework.
What is new for inflatable penile prostheses? (2009)

It is important for all physicians, who implant life-changing penile prosthetics, to understand the most recent advances in technology in order to best serve their patients.
Surface Acoustic Waves in ZnO/AlxGa1-xN/C-Al2O3 Structures (2003)

Piezoelectric AlN and ternary AlxGa1-xN thin films deposited on (0001) C-plane sapphire substrates are attractive for low-loss and high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. However, growth o f epitaxial quality AlN films is difficult due to strong parasitic gas phase reactions between p recursors. On the other hand, ZnO is a well-known piezoelectric material with high electromechanical coupling coefficients. Furthermore, high quality epitaxial ZnO films can be grown at temperatures hundreds of degrees lower than AlN. By depositing piezoelectric ZnO and AlN multilayer structures on C-plane sapphire substrates, large coupling coefficient and high SAW velocity can be obtained. In this work, ZnO/AlxGa1-xN multilayer structures were epitaxially grown on C-plane sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). SAW devices were fabricated and tested, which exhibited good agreement between theoretical and experimental results. The SAW velocity and coupling coefficients of the ZnO/ AlxGa1-xN(0≤x≤1)/C-Al2O3 multilayer systems are analyzed as a function of the Al mole percentage, x in AlxGa1-xN, and o f the ZnO (h1) to AlxGa1-xN (h2) thickness ratio. It has been found that the hf region where the c oupling coefficient is close to k 2 max broadens with increasing Al content, while k 2 max decreases slightly. When the thickness ratio h 1/h2 is 0.5, a wide hf region where coupling is close to k 2 max is obtained.
Solid polymer composite electrolytes for PEMFC (1998)

Composite electrolyte membranes for fuel cell technology were prepared from solid state proton conductors and polymer binders. The polymers were partially sulfonated and non-sulfonated polysulfone (PS), porous polyetherimide (PEI) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). As proton conductors H-chabazite, tungstophosphoric acid and its Na-salt and non-stoichiometric boron phosphate were employed. All membranes prepared using sulfonated PS as a binder with sulfonation degree higher than 50% were found to be mechanically unstable. They possess however reasonably high conductivity up to 6{times}10{sup {minus}3} S/cm. Introducing the tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) into the nonsulfonated porous PS makes possible to obtain strong and flexible membranes with s=4{times}10{sup {minus}3} S/cm, while use of boron phosphate in that case results in the conductivity of about 10{sup {minus}5} S/cm. Porous PEI impregnated with aqueous solution of TPA retains its original tensile strength and exhibited the conductivity s=2{times}10{sup {minus}4} S/cm. It however fell to 3{times}10{sup {minus}5} S/cm when the binder was modified with 2% of propionic acid, which caused a decrease in polymer pore size. Incorporation of the sodium acid salt of TPA into PEI allows one to obtain a composite with reasonably good mechanical properties and a conductivity of ca 10{sup {minus}5} S/cm for membranes prepared by the cast method. Usingmore » the phase inversion technique for preparation of the membranes of the same composition makes possible to increase their conductivity up to 10{sup {minus}4} S/cm. When boron phosphate was used in lieu of TPA salt the conductivity obtained is still higher reaching 3{times}10{sup {minus}5} and 3{times}10{sup {minus}4} S/cm for membranes prepared by cast and phase inversion techniques respectively. The PMMA based membranes were mechanically stable even when a solid content reached 55wt.%. Among PMMA membranes the highest conductivity of 10{sup {minus}3} S/cm was registered for a composite containing boron phosphate. Nonsulfonated composite membranes studied in this work are mechanically strong and show conductivities higher than 10{sup {minus}3} S/cm. This makes these membranes potentially useful in direct methanol fuel cell applications.« less
Virtual Sound Source Rendering Using a Multipole-Expansion and Method-of-Moments Approach (2008)

Sound signals encoded over multiple loudspeakers can create the perception of specific spatial properties. Rendering sound with spatial properties is useful for creating virtual and immersive environments. A novel method for rendering audio signals using an arbitrary arrangement of loudspeakers is presented. The method matches a multipole expansion of the original source wavefield to the field created by the available loudspeakers. A Galerkin-based method-of-moments approach minimizes the error on a sphere around the listener's head while exploiting the orthogonality of the underlying basis functions to reduce computational complexity. The resulting overdetermined system of equations is solved via a singular-value decomposition to obtain the complex loudspeaker weights. This approach distinctly differs from the popular wave-field synthesis (WFS) method, which reconstructs the original sound field in a larger area of interest. Being a sweet-spot solution, this method renders virtual sources in a small area around a single listener's head, thereby reducing the number of loudspeakers needed for a comparable similar performance using WFS and can potentially be more useful in immersive environments. An example with a perimeter array of loudspeakers demonstrates the implementation of the method for a tone moving through a listener's environment. An examination of the number of modes necessary for convergence is presented along with resulting wavefield errors over the spatial region in which the sound is being rendered.
Quantum Codes for Simplifying Design and Suppressing Decoherence in Superconducting Phase-Qubits (2002)

We introduce simple qubit-encodings and logic gates which eliminate the need for certain difficult single-qubit operations in superconducting phase-qubits, while preserving universality. The simplest encoding uses two physical qubits per logical qubit. Two architectures for its implementation are proposed: one employing N physical qubits out of which N/2 are ancillas fixed in the |1> state, the other employing N/2+1 physical qubits, one of which is a bus qubit connected to all others. Details of a minimal set of universal encoded logic operations are given, together with recoupling schemes, that require nanosecond pulses. A generalization to codes with higher ratio of number of logical qubits per physical qubits is presented. Compatible decoherence and noise suppression strategies are also discussed.
P‐93: Optimization of Multi‐Projector Light‐Field Display Based on Convex Display Properties (2018)

An optimized convex multi‐projector light‐field display system is proposed. The effect of display curvature on the image are analyzed. The projector positions and viewing distances are discussed. A convex light‐field display is constructed based on the optimized parameters, and is compared with a planar counterpart to verify the enhancements.
Native Peptide Inhibition (1996)

The binding of low molecular weight type II phospholipase A2 (EC) to membrane surfaces and hydrolysis of phospholipid are thought to involve the formation of a hydrophobic channel into which a single substrate molecule diffuses before cleavage. The floor and right side of the channel are provided by hydrophobic residues 2, 5, and 9 of an amphipathic amino-terminal helix. The channel is postulated to form via a conformational change in this helix and inward movement of a hydrophobic flap (residue 69 side chain). We show that the amino-terminal tryptic peptide of human type II phospholipase A2 forms a noncovalent complex with the tryptic peptide from residues 70-74 of the enzyme. Further, the 70-74-peptide sequence (FLSYK) dose-dependently inhibits phospholipid hydrolysis in a mixed micelle assay. This native peptide inhibition also occurred with type II enzymes from Crotalus durissus and Crotalus atrox, which have different amino acid sequences at the amino terminus as well as different 70-74 regions of the molecules. Despite significant conservation of tertiary structure among the enzymes, inhibition by each peptide is specific to the enzyme from which the peptide sequence is derived. We propose that these native peptides inhibit enzyme activity via a sequence-specific, noncovalent interaction with the amino-terminal residues of the enzyme, thereby preventing the conformational change on binding to the micelle interface. These experiments demonstrate a new method for specific inhibition of phospholipase A2 which, in principle, would be applicable to other biologically active polypeptides and proteins.