gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart skin technology development for measuring ice accretion, stall, and high AOA aircraft performance. Part 1: Capacitive ice detector development (1993)

A reliable way to detect and measure ice accretion during flight is required to reduce the hazards of icing currently threatening present day aircraft. Many of the sensors used for this purpose are invasive (probe) sensors which must be placed in areas of the frame where ice does not naturally form. Due to the difference in capture efficiency of the exposed surface, difficulties result in correlating the ice accretion on the probe to what is happening on a number of vastly different airfoil sections. Most flush mounted sensors in use must be integrated into the aircraft surface by cutting or drilling the aircraft surface. An alternate type of ice detector which is based on a NASA patent is currently being investigated at Innovative Dynamics, Inc. Results of the investigation into the performance of different capacitive type sensor designs, both rigid as well as elastic, are presented.
Practical Binary Adaptive Block Coder (2007)

We design a low-complexity algorithm for adaptive encoding/decoding of binary sequences produced by memoryless sources. Our algorithm processes input data in blocks of n = 8..16 bits, and uses numbers of nonzero bits in previously encoded blocks as contexts
Performance evaluation of SmarTspelL/sup R/: a continuously spelled name recognizer over the telephone (2002)

We report on the evaluation of two applications using spelled name recognition. We report on the evaluation of the whole system during a four month field evaluation on two different tasks: a call routing device and an e-mail reader system. The field evaluation showed that nearly 90% of the calls were completed successfully. After describing the technology and the evaluation procedure, the results are presented and the type of errors discussed.
Mid-IR Fiber Sources and Applications (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. B. Shaw, R. R. Gattass, L. E. Busse, J. Frantz, V. Q. Nguyen, R. Thapas, F. Kung, D. J. Gibson, S. Bayya, K. Ewing, I. Aggarwal, and J. S. Sanghera, "Mid-IR Fiber Sources and Applications," in Advanced Photonics 2016 (IPR, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, SOF), OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper SoTu3G.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Self-tuning tuned mass damper (TMD) (2017)

Tuned mass dampers (TMD) are heavily damped resonant devices which add damping to lightly damped, vibrational modes of a structure by dynamically coupling into the lightly damped modes. In practice, a TMD is a damped spring/mass resonator that is tuned so that its frequency is close to a lightly damped mode on the host structure. The TMD is attached to the host structure at a location of large amplitude motion for the mode to be dampened, and its motion is coupled into the host structure’s motion. If the TMD is tuned correctly, two damped vibrational modes result, which take the place of the original lightly damped mode of the host structure and heavily damped mode of the TMD. Since aerospace structures tend to respond unfavorably at lightly damped modes in the presence of a dynamic disturbance environment, introduction of one or several TMDs can greatly reduce the dynamic response of a structure by damping problematic modes. A self-tuning TMD is described that can perform all the steps necessary to automatically tune itself and minimize the response of a structure with lightly damped modes and a dynamic excitation. The self-tuning TMD concept introduced here uses a voice coil / magnet combination as -an actuator which enables an innovative stiffness adjustment mechanism -a loss mechanism for the tuned mass damper -a means of excitation for identifying lightly damped modes of the host structure Along with an accelerometer and a tethered power supply/computer, the self-tuning TMD can automatically identify and damp lightly damped modes.
Data-driven Distributionally Robust Polynomial Optimization (2013)

We consider robust optimization for polynomial optimization problems where the uncertainty set is a set of candidate probability density functions. This set is a ball around a density function estimated from data samples, i.e., it is data-driven and random. Polynomial optimization problems are inherently hard due to nonconvex objectives and constraints. However, we show that by employing polynomial and histogram density estimates, we can introduce robustness with respect to distributional uncertainty sets without making the problem harder. We show that the optimum to the distributionally robust problem is the limit of a sequence of tractable semidefinite programming relaxations. We also give finite-sample consistency guarantees for the data-driven uncertainty sets. Finally, we apply our model and solution method in a water network optimization problem.
Thick Absorption Layer Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes With High Responsivity, High Speed, and High Saturation Power (2009)

High responsivity backside-illuminated uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (PDs) with a 1.2-mum-thick p-doped absorption layer are demonstrated. The fabricated PDs achieve simultaneously high speed, high responsivity, and good linearity under high-power operation. The measured responsivity at 1.55 mum is larger than 0.83 A/W at low photocurrent and increases up to 1 A/W at 75 mA. The measured bandwidth increases from 9 GHz at 1 mA up to 24 and 29 GHz at 50 mA, for 25- and 20-mum-diameter PDs, respectively. Good linearity is demonstrated with a third-order intercept point of 30 dBm at 10 GHz and 50 mA.
Game of Learning Bloch Equation Simulations for MR Fingerprinting (2020)

Purpose: This work proposes a novel approach to efficiently generate MR fingerprints for MR fingerprinting (MRF) problems based on the unsupervised deep learning model generative adversarial networks (GAN). Methods: The GAN model is adopted and modified for better convergence and performance, resulting in an MRF specific model named GAN-MRF. The GAN-MRF model is trained, validated, and tested using different MRF fingerprints simulated from the Bloch equations with certain MRF sequence. The performance and robustness of the model are further tested by using in vivo data collected on a 3 Tesla scanner from a healthy volunteer together with MRF dictionaries with different sizes. T1, T2 maps are generated and compared quantitatively. Results: The validation and testing curves for the GAN-MRF model show no evidence of high bias or high variance problems. The sample MRF fingerprints generated from the trained GAN-MRF model agree well with the benchmark fingerprints simulated from the Bloch equations. The in vivo T1, T2 maps generated from the GAN-MRF fingerprints are in good agreement with those generated from the Bloch simulated fingerprints, showing good performance and robustness of the proposed GAN-MRF model. Moreover, the MRF dictionary generation time is reduced from hours to sub-second for the testing dictionary. Conclusion: The GAN-MRF model enables a fast and accurate generation of the MRF fingerprints. It significantly reduces the MRF dictionary generation process and opens the door for real-time applications and sequence optimization problems.
The structure of the C-terminal domain of the nucleoprotein from the Bundibugyo strain of the Ebola virus in complex with a pan-specific synthetic Fab (2018)

The vast majority of platforms for the detection of viral or bacterial antigens rely on immunoassays, typically ELISA or sandwich ELISA, that are contingent on the availability of suitable monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This is a major bottleneck, since the generation and production of mAbs is time-consuming and expensive. Synthetic antibody fragments (sFabs) generated by phage-display selection offer an alternative with many advantages over Fabs obtained from natural antibodies using hybridoma technology. Unlike mAbs, sFabs are generated using phage display, allowing selection for binding to specific strains or for pan-specificity, for identification of structural epitopes or unique protein conformations and even for complexes. Further, they can easily be produced in Escherichia coli in large quantities and engineered for purposes of detection technologies and other applications. Here, the use of phage-display selection to generate a pan-specific Fab (MJ20), based on a Herceptin Fab scaffold, with the ability to bind selectively and with high affinity to the C-terminal domains of the nucleoproteins (NPs) from all five known strains of the Ebola virus is reported. The high-resolution crystal structure of the complex of MJ20 with the antigen from the Bundibugyo strain of the Ebola virus reveals the basis for pan-specificity and illustrates how the phage-display technology can be used to manufacture suitable Fabs for use in diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
Integrated rapid-diagnostic-test reader platform on a cellphone (2012)

We demonstrate a cellphone-based rapid-diagnostic-test (RDT) reader platform that can work with various lateral flow immuno-chromatographic assays and similar tests to sense the presence of a target analyte in a sample. This compact and cost-effective digital RDT reader, weighing only ~65 g, mechanically attaches to the existing camera unit of a cellphone, where various types of RDTs can be inserted to be imaged in reflection or transmission modes under light-emitting diode (LED)-based illumination. Captured raw images of these tests are then digitally processed (within less than 0.2 s per image) through a smart application running on the cellphone for validation of the RDT, as well as for automated reading of its diagnostic result. The same smart application then transmits the resulting data, together with the RDT images and other related information (e.g., demographic data), to a central server, which presents the diagnostic results on a world map through geo-tagging. This dynamic spatio-temporal map of various RDT results can then be viewed and shared using internet browsers or through the same cellphone application. We tested this platform using malaria, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV RDTs by installing it on both Android-based smartphones and an iPhone. Providing real-time spatio-temporal statistics for the prevalence of various infectious diseases, this smart RDT reader platform running on cellphones might assist healthcare professionals and policymakers to track emerging epidemics worldwide and help epidemic preparedness.
Parallel Synthesis and Evaluation of 132 (+)-1,2,9,9a-Tetrahydrocyclopropa[<i>c</i>]benz[<i>e</i>]indol-4-one (CBI) Analogues of CC-1065 and the Duocarmycins Defining the Contribution of the DNA-Binding Domain (2001)

The solution-phase, parallel synthesis and evaluation of a library of 132 (+)-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]indol-4-one (CBI) analogues of CC-1065 and the duocarmycins containing dimeric monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic heteroaromatic replacements for the DNA-binding domain are described. This systematic study revealed clear trends in the structural requirements for observation of potent cytotoxic activity and DNA alkylation efficiency, the range of which spans a magnitude of > or =10 000-fold. Combined with related studies, these results highlight that the role of the DNA-binding domain goes beyond simply providing DNA-binding selectivity and affinity (10-100-fold enhancement in properties), consistent with the proposal that it contributes significantly to catalysis of the DNA alkylation reaction accounting for as much as an additional 1000-fold enhancement in properties.
Optical tunable asymmetric interleaver (2006)

A novel optical tunable asymmetric interleaver is demonstrated. It consists of two symmetric interleaves with wavelength shifting capability in series. It can deliver continuous tunable interleaving ratios for WDM applications, particularly for 10 G+40 G network upgrade.
A Novel Interferometric Sub-THz Doppler Radar With a Continuously Oscillating Reference Arm (2014)

In this paper, we have built and tested a mixerless sub-terahertz (sub-THz) Doppler radar consisting of just a continuous wave (CW) source and a Schottky diode intensity detector based on optical interferometry technique. The reference arm features an oscillating mirror to modulate the low-frequency-band (LFB) Doppler signature to the high-frequency-band (HFB) centered at the reference arm frequency. The reference arm frequency needs to oscillate at a frequency that is higher than twice the Doppler frequency of the object to avoid overlapping of the LFB and HFB signals. Rigorous mathematical formulas have been derived to solve for both the amplitude and the unambiguous phase of the Doppler signal, by using both LFB and HFB signals. The unwrapped phase can be obtained in two ways: a simply phase unwrapping process and a universal fitting process. The Doppler frequency signature of a moving object can be obtained from the Fourier transform of the phase. Computer simulation was first used to show the validity of the derived mathematical formulas. Then a prototype at 0.15 THz was built and tested using a ball pendulum as target. Experimental scenarios for phase span of less than 2π and greater than 2π were studied. The measured amplitude and phase have been shown to agree well with the set up experimental parameters.
Molecular physiology of amylin (1994)

Amylin is a 37-amino acid peptide first isolated, purified, and characterized from the amyloid deposits in the pancrease of type 2 diabetics. It is synthesized and secreted primarily from pancreatic beta cells along with insulin. The ability of amylin to potently reduce insulin-stimulated incorporation of glucose into glycogen in skeletal muscle requires both an intact 2Cys-7Cys disulfide bond and a COOH-terminal amide. Amylin has structural and functional relationships to two other messenger proteins, calcitonin and CGRP. Amylin has relatively potent calcitonin-like activity on bone metabolism and weaker CGRP-like activity on the vasculature. CGRP is a slightly weaker agonist than amylin for metabolic responses. Although rat calcitonins are weak, teleost fish calcitonins are very potent agonists for amylin's metabolic effects. This group of peptides appears to act on a family of related G protein-coupled receptors; several variant calcitonin receptors have recently been cloned and expressed. These receptors appear to be coupled to adenylyl cyclase in many instances; recent evidence supports the view that amylin's effects on skeletal muscle occur, at least in large part, through activation of the cAMP pathway.
A Novel Method for Prosody Prediction in Voice Conversion (2007)

Most of the published voice conversion schemes do not consider detailed prosody modeling but only control the F0 level and range. However, the detailed prosody can also carry a significant amount of speaker identity related information. This paper introduces a new method for converting the prosody in voice conversion. A syllable-based prosodic codebook is used to predict the converted F0 using not only the source contour but also linguistic information and segmental durations. The selection of the most suitable target contour is carried out using a trained classification and regression tree. The F0 contours in the codebook are represented in a transformed domain which allows compression and fast comparison. The performance of the prosodic conversion is evaluated in a real voice conversion system. The results indicate a significant improvement in speaker identity and naturalness when compared to GMM (Gaussian mixture model) based pitch prediction approach.
Simulation and Design of Two-Degree-of-Freedom Underactuated Mechanical Fingers (1996)

Abstract The design of underactuated mechanical fingers is addressed in this article. The objective of the research is to design a robust mechanical hand capable of performing industrial tasks involving the grasping of a wide variety of objects with large forces. To this end, the taxonomy of the grasps is first reviewed. Then, the principle of underactuation — which leads to shape adaptation of the hands — is introduced and a review of the existing underactuated mechanical hands is provided. Architectures of two-degree-of-freedom underactuated fingers are then proposed and a simulation tool is designed to analyze their behavior. It is shown that underactuation is a very promising avenue when only grasping is required (no manipulation). Simulation results are given and discussed in order to illustrate the usefulness of the simulator and general design guidelines are proposed. Finally, a design of an underactuated finger is presented as an example. The design presented here demonstrates that the use of underactuation can lead to versatile grasping capabilities with reduced complexity.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of Microcellular Starch-Based Foams Formed from Gels (2001)

Microcellular foams can be formed from rigid aqueous gels of starch. Foams were made from starch gels by exchanging the aqueous phase with ethanol before air-drying. The foam product had an extremely fine microstructure comprised of starch granule remnants embedded in a fibrous network. The starch foams had a moderate density (0.14-0.37 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.024-0.040 W/mK) and high compressive strength. The foams exhibited the capacity to adsorb polar compounds and alkylpyrazines. When the foams were compression molded, a starch plastic was formed with a tensile strength of more than 12 MPa. Tensile strength and the elongation to break more than doubled in the starch plastics when 33% cellulose fiber was incorporated in the formulation. X-ray diffractograms revealed only small amounts of recrystallization in starch foams and plastics after three years of aging.
Predicting prognosis in COVID-19 patients using machine learning and readily available clinical data (2021)

Risk of severe outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection can be assessed using machine learning-based models based on attributes routinely collected at hospital admission.
C35 (<i>C17orf37</i>) is a novel tumor biomarker abundantly expressed in breast cancer (2006)

Identification of shared tumor-specific targets is useful in developing broadly applicable therapies. In a study designed to identify genes up-regulated in breast cancer, a cDNA clone corresponding to a novel gene C35 (C17orf37) was selected by representational difference analysis of tumor and normal human mammary cell lines. Abundant expression of C35 transcript in tumors was confirmed by Northern blot and real-time PCR. The C35 gene is located on chromosome 17q12, 505 nucleotides from the 3' end of the ERBB2 oncogene, the antigenic target for trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy. The chromosomal arrangement of the genes encoding C35 and ERBB2 is tail to tail. An open reading frame encodes a 12-kDa protein of unknown function. Immunohistochemical analysis detected robust and frequent expression of C35 protein, including 32% of grade 1 and 66% of grades 2 and 3 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast (in contrast to 20% overexpressing HER-2/neu), 38% of infiltrating lobular carcinoma (typically HER-2/neu negative), as well as tumors arising in other tissues. C35 was not detected in 38 different normal human tissues, except Leydig cells in the testes and trace levels in a small percentage of normal breast tissue samples. The distinct and favorable expression profile of C35 spanning early through late stages of disease, including high frequency of overexpression in various breast carcinoma, abundant expression in distant metastases, and either absence or low level expression in normal human tissues, warrants further investigation of the relevance of C35 as a biomarker and/or a target for development of broadly applicable cancer-specific therapies.
In vivo broadband visible light optical coherence tomography probe enables inverse spectroscopic analysis (2018)

We report the design and characterization of a 6 mm outer diameter pull-back circumferential scanning visible optical coherence tomography probe. The probe's large visible bandwidth (500-695 nm) allowed for inverse spectroscopic analysis and an axial resolution of ∼1.1 μm in tissue. We verify spectral imaging capabilities by measuring microsphere backscattering spectra and demonstrate in vivo spatial nanoscale characterization of tissue.
A capacitor-free cmos low-dropout regulator with damping-factor-control frequency compensation (2003)

A 1.5-V 100-mA capacitor-free CMOS low-dropout regulator (LDO) for system-on-chip applications to reduce board space and external pins is presented. By utilizing damping-factor-control frequency compensation on the advanced LDO structure, the proposed LDO provides high stability, as well as fast line and load transient responses, even in capacitor-free operation. The proposed LDO has been implemented in a commercial 0.6-μm CMOS technology, and the active chip area is 568 μm×541 μm. The total error of the output voltage due to line and load variations is less than ±0.25%, and the temperature coefficient is 38 ppm/°C. Moreover, the output voltage can recover within 2 μs for full load-current changes. The power-supply rejection ratio at 1 MHz is -30 dB, and the output noise spectral densities at 100 Hz and 100 kHz are 1.8 and 0.38 μV//spl radic/Hz, respectively.
Lateral scanning white-light interferometer (2000)

White-light vertical scanning interferometry is a well-established technique for retrieving the three-dimensional shapes of small objects, but it can measure only areas as big as the field of view of the instrument. For bigger fields a stitching algorithm must be applied, which often can be a source of errors. A technique in which the object is scanned laterally in front of an instrument with a tilted coherence plane is described. It permits measurements at higher speeds while measurement accuracy is retained and eliminates the need for stitching in one direction. Experimental confirmation is provided.
Ionic liquid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquid–water mixtures (2011)

Ground lignocellulosic biomass (Miscanthus giganteus, pine (Pinus sylvestris) and willow (Salix viminalis)) was pretreated with ionic liquid–water mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate. A solid fraction enriched in cellulose was recovered, which was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. Up to 90% of the glucose and 25% of the hemicellulose contained in the original biomass were released by the combined ionic liquid pretreatment and the enzymatic hydrolysis. After the pretreatment, the ionic liquid liquor contained the majority of the lignin and the hemicellulose. The lignin portion was partially precipitated from the liquor upon dilution with water. The amount of hemicellulose monomers in the ionic liquid liquor and their conversion into furfurals was also examined. The performance of ionic liquid–water mixtures containing 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids with acetate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate and chloride anions was investigated. The applicability of the ionic liquid 1-butylimidazolium hydrogensulfate for lignocellulose pretreatment was also examined. It was found that ionic liquid liquors containing methyl sulfate, hydrogen sulfate and methanesulfonate anions were most effective in terms of lignin/cellulose fractionation and enhancement of cellulose digestibility.