gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved mechanical properties of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coating for dental and orthopedic implants (2009)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used as a coating material for orthopedic/dental applications due to its similar chemical composition to natural bone mineral and its capability to promote bone regeneration. It has been reported that HA with nano-scale crystalline features and controlled porosity and pore size could promote osseointegration (that is, direct bonding to natural bone). So far, a number of methods have been developed or used commercially to deposit HA on metal implants, such as electrophoretic deposition, sputter, dip coating, spin coating and plasma spray. It is, however, very challenging to produce a nanocrystalline HA coating with desirable nano-features and surface roughness as well as controlled pore size and porosity for dental/orthopedic implants. It is also necessary for nano-HA coating to have good adhesion strength to metallic substrates and sufficient mechanical properties for load-bearing conditions. Therefore, a novel hybrid coating process, combing electrostatic spray coating (ESC) technique with a novel non-conventional sintering, was developed to meet requirements for dental implants in this study. Specifically, HA nanoparticles were deposited on titanium substrates using ESC technique and the green HA coating was then sintered in a controlled condition. The produced HA coating were characterized for grain size and pore size using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), the composition and Ca/P ratio using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and crystalline phases using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated that a nanocrystalline HA coating with a grain size from 50 to 300 nm and a gradient of nano-tomicron pore sizes were fabricated successfully using this novel coating process. The controlled nano-scale grain size and a gradient of pore sizes are expected to promote bone cell functions and facilitate bone healing. Besides biological properties, such HA coating was also characterized for its mechanical properties, such as adhesion strength, hardness and toughness. Microscratch test results showed that the critical load of coating de-lamination reached as high as 10 N. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that it is very promising to scale up this novel hybrid coating process (ESC followed by a novel sintering process) for dental/orthopedic implant
Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Carbon Derived From Nanocrystalline Cellulose (2011)

Twisted organization: Pyrolysis of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/silica composite films leads to mesoporous carbon materials with long-range chiral organization (see picture). The NCC acts as a template and the resulting mesoporous carbon has a high specific surface area (>1400 m2 g−1) and accurately replicates the left-handed helical structure of the chiral nematic NCC films.
Organo-Soluble Polyimides:  Synthesis and Polymerization of 2,2‘-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4‘,5,5‘-Biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydride (1998)

2,2‘-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4‘,5,5‘-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (6FBPDA) was synthesized from 1-iodo-4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene via a six-step synthetic route. The dianhydride was polymerized with eight different substituted 4,4‘-diaminobiphenyls in refluxing m-cresol containing isoquinoline to afford a series of fluorinated aromatic polyimides. The polyimides were soluble in polar aprotic, ether and ketone solvents. They had intrinsic viscosities that ranged from 1.70 to 6.72 dL/g in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or m-cresol at 30 °C. The polymers underwent 5% weight losses when subjected to thermal gravimetric analysis between 440 and 570 °C in air and nitrogen atmospheres. The polymers could be solution cast into water-white, flexible, tough films which exhibited “in-plane” structural anisotropy. Their glass transition temperatures along the directions parallel to the film surface (in-plane) ranged from 327 to 345 °C (thermal mechanical analysis). Multiple relaxation processes associated with segmental and subsegmental motions were also observed with dynamic mechanical analysis. The films had in-plane coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) that ranged from 1.58 × 10-5 to 2.50 × 10-5 °C-1. These films also showed linear optical anisotropy, which is characterized by the presence of larger, isotropic refractive index (n∥) in-plane, and a smaller refractive index (n⊥) perpendicular to the film surface (out-of-plane). The optical symmetry axis of the films is along the out-of-plane direction. This optical anisotropy is defined as uniaxial negative birefingence (NUB = n⊥ − n∥). Films having a thickness of 5 μm were transparent above 330 nm, and their in-plane refractive indices (n∥) were 0.060 to 0.074 larger than their out-of-plane refractive indices (n⊥). This UNB make the films candidates for use as retardation layers in liquid crystal displays.
A novel detection method of cleaved plasma high‐molecular‐weight kininogen reveals its correlation with Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive impairment (2018)

High levels of plasma HKc could be used as an innovative biomarker for AD.
A new efficient matrix spectral factorization algorithm (2007)

An absolutely new method of matrix spectral factorization is proposed which leads to the most simple computational algorithm. A demo version of the software implementation is located at www.ncst.org.ge/MSF-algorithm.
Oncolytic HSV Vectors and Anti-Tumor Immunity (2020)

The therapeutic promise of oncolytic viruses (OVs) rests on their ability to both selectively kill tumor cells and induce anti-tumor immunity. The potential of tumors to be recognized and eliminated by an effective anti-tumor immune response has been spurred on by the discovery that immune checkpoint inhibition can overcome tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) exhaustion and provide durable responses in multiple tumor indications. OV-mediated tumor destruction is now recognized as a powerful means to assist in the development of anti-tumor immunity for two important reasons: (i) OVs, through the elicitation of an anti-viral response and the production of type I interferon, are potent stimulators of inflammation and can be armed with transgenes to further enhance anti-tumor immune responses; and (ii) lytic activity can promote the release of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor neoantigens that function as <i>in situ</i> tumor-specific vaccines to elicit adaptive immunity. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) are among the most widely studied OVs for the treatment of solid malignancies, and Amgen's oHSV Imlygic® for the treatment of melanoma is the only OV approved in major markets. Here we describe important biological features of HSV that make it an attractive OV, clinical experience with HSV-based vectors, and strategies to increase applicability to cancer treatment.
<title>Polymer light-emitting devices based on polyfluorenes</title> (1998)

One of the themes that has emerged in the field of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) is the importance of developing materials that form robust films, capable of undergoing wet and dry processing conditions. It is through such characteristics that polymers may have unique opportunities in the effective and inexpensive study of novel single and double layer thermosetting and solvent soluble polymer light emitting devices based on triarylamines for hole transport layer and compounds possessing the blue emitting 9,9-dialkylfluorene unit for the emitting and electron transport layer. These devices possess high thermal stability, high quantum efficiency, and high bandgap emission. We fabricated dot matrix displays based on analogs of these materials where cathode separation was achieved 'in situ' by a resist structure with reentrant wall profile that was built on top of the EL layers. This is a demonstration that polyfluorenes are robust and compatible with standard resist processing.
Blockade of Insect Odorant Receptor Currents by Amiloride Derivatives (2013)

Insect odorant receptors (ORs) function as heteromeric odorant-gated ion channels consisting of a conserved coreceptor, Orco, and an odorant-sensitive tuning subunit. Although some OR modulators have been identified, an extended library of pharmacological tools is currently lacking and would aid in furthering our understanding of insect OR complexes. We now demonstrate that amiloride and several derivatives, which have been extensively used as blockers for various ion channels and transporters, also block odorant-gated currents from 2 OR complexes from the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In addition, both heteromeric and homomeric ORs were susceptible to amiloride blockade when activated by VUAA1, an agonist that targets the Orco channel subunit. Amiloride derivatives therefore represent a valuable class of channel blockers that can be used to investigate the pharmacological and biophysical properties of insect OR function.
Recognition of an HLA public determinant (Bw4) by human allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1990)

The human class I HLA molecules are composed of both polymorphic, or private, and conserved, or public, regions. The private regions are recognized by alloreactive T cells and also serve as restriction elements for peptide presentation to autologous cells. Although the ability of public determinants to elicit antibody responses is well documented, little is known of their role in T cell function. In this study we examine the ability of one of these public HLA determinants, designated Bw4, to serve as a target Ag for CTL. We show that for some individuals the HLA-Bw4 epitope can function as a restriction element for CTL. This finding has important implications for organ transplantation.
Laminin increases the release of type IV collagenase from malignant cells. (1986)

We have studied the effect of laminin on type IV collagenolytic activity elaborated by malignant cells in culture. Laminin (at concentrations of 4-8 micrograms/ml) added to serum-free culture supernatants of subconfluent A2058 human melanoma cells significantly increased the release of the type IV collagenolytic activity (200-300%). The induction of type IV collagenase was more pronounced (580%) using a fragment of laminin which binds to the cell surface laminin receptor. A monoclonal antibody against the human laminin receptor blocked the effect of laminin on type IV collagenase, suggesting that occupation of the laminin receptor may be necessary for the effect. Increase in the type IV collagenolytic activity mediated by laminin was also demonstrated in two other malignant cell lines, HT fibrosarcoma (168%) and mouse melanoma (B16-F10) (271%). The increase in type IV collagenase was found to be specific for laminin because another cell-binding matrix protein, fibronectin, did not have any effect, and epidermal growth factor and transferrin actually decreased the type IV collagenase in human melanoma culture medium (epidermal growth factor, 50% at 20 ng/ml; and transferrin, 20% at 10 micrograms/ml). These studies suggest that tumor cell binding to laminin, which comprises the first step of basement membrane invasion, will induce the second step, namely the collagenolytic dissolution of the basement membrane.
Development of a cost-effective shock wave hydrophone (1994)

The design of a new wideband, quantitative shock wave hydrophone is presented. The sensor not only has a wideband (>50 MHz) and linear (up to 100 MPa) response, but it also operates in a measurement environment in which the hydrophone element's sensitivity changes as a function of shock wave exposure. Thin films of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) were used in a disposable hydrophone configuration. A self-monitoring feature, based on the change in hydrophone electrode resistance as the electrode materials are removed by shock wave action, indicates that the hydrophone element needs to be replaced. Development efforts include: 1) reducing the manufacturing costs; 2) determining the relationship between electrode resistance and hydrophone sensitivity; 3) developing a resistance monitoring approach; and 4) rapidly making reliable electrical connection to the disposable hydrophone elements. Acoustical characterization data indicate that the hydrophones fulfill the requirements for accurate, wideband measurement of lithotripter fields; the disposable feature makes the system cost effective for research, quality assurance and regulatory submissions
Efficient and accurate channel feedback for multi-user MIMO-OFDMA (2017)

Multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system operating in frequency division duplex (FDD) mode has an advantage over that operating in time division duplex (TDD) mode in achieving a lower return time latency as both the uplink and downlink data streaming can occur simultaneously. However, unlike TDD, the reciprocity of the uplink and downlink channels does not hold and hence the system typically needs to rely on channel feedback which reduces the uplink channel capacity. Reducing the channel feedback while maintaining the channel estimation accuracy is a critical factor for a successful implementation of MU-MIMO FDD. In addition, when combined with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), channel feedback needs to occur independently for different sub-channels assigned to different user terminals. This paper proposes the use of discrete cosine transformation (DCT) based channel compression for the purpose of MU-MIMO-OFDMA channel feedback and shows its advantage over conventional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based method. Compared to ideal channel feedback without channel estimation or compression errors, the proposed method achieves within 1 dB loss in uncoded bit error performance for a MU-MIMO-OFDMA system using 32 antennas at the central access point supporting 16 user terminals each with a single antenna.
Management of Referred Deep Brain Stimulation Failures (2005)

With appropriate intervention, 51% of patients who complained of "failed" DBS procedures ultimately had good outcomes. Thirty-four percent of these patients had persistently poor outcomes despite maximal intervention. This case series provides important insights into reasons for "DBS failure" and proposes strategies to manage patients with DBS more effectively.
Capsule Phase Microextraction: The Total and Ultimate Sample Preparation Approach (2018)

Although analytical instrument has enjoyed unprecedented improvements in recent years, resulting in miniaturization, enhanced sensitivity, robust control systems as well as extended separation and detection capability, analytical and bioanalytical sample preparation still remain as the most challenging and time-consuming step in the analytical workflow. Collection of a representative sample is generally followed by a series of operations, collectively known as sample preparation and often include filtration, centrifugation, protein precipitation, analyte extraction, elution in organic solvent, solvent evaporation, and sample reconstitution. Many of these steps are carried out manually that ultimately prolongs the overall analysis time. Capsule Phase Microextraction (CPME), a green and new generation sample preparation technique, has been developed to streamline current state-of-the-art of sample preparation practices. It exploits the advanced material properties of inorganic-organic hybrid sorbents, integrates the filtration and sample diffusion mechanism into the device, and provides the independence of sample preparation both in the laboratory and in the field without sacrificing the convenience of the analyst and the quality of the analytical data. The article describes the development of CPME and explains its advantageous features to the current and future analytical chemists and separation scientists.
A simple check valve for microfluidic point of care diagnostics (2016)

Check valves are often essential components in microfluidic devices, enabling automated sample processing for diagnostics at the point of care. However, there is an unmet need for a check valve design that is compatible with rigid thermoplastic devices during all stages of development-from initial prototyping with a laser cutter to final production with injection molding. Here, we present simple designs for a passive, normally closed check valve that is manufactured from commonly available materials with a CO<sub>2</sub> laser and readily integrated into prototype and production thermoplastic devices. The check valve consists of a thermoplastic planar spring and a soft elastomeric pad that act together to seal against fluid backflow. The valve's cracking pressure can be tuned by modifying the spring's planar geometry and thickness. Seal integrity is improved with the addition of a raised annular boss beneath the elastomeric pad. To demonstrate the valve's usefulness, we employ these valves to create a finger-operated on-chip reagent reservoir and a finger-actuated pneumatic pump. We also apply this check valve to passively seal a device to enable portable detection of RNA from West Nile virus in a laser-cut device.
A Next Generation Synthesis of BACE1 Inhibitor Verubecestat (MK-8931) (2018)

The development of a commercial manufacturing route to verubecestat (MK-8931) is described, highlights of which include the application of a continuous processing step to outcompete fast proton transfer in a Mannich-type ketimine addition, a copper-catalyzed amidation reaction, and an optimized guanidinylation procedure to form the key iminothiadiazine dioxide core.
The effect of fatigue on associating hydrogels for nucleus pulposus replacement (2003)

We have proposed a replacement of the nucleus pulposus with a hydrogel blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). These hydrogels have been shown to be stable in physiological fluid due to physical crosslinks consisting of intramolecular hydrogen bonds within PVA crystallites and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between PVA and PVP. Much research involving hydrogels has focused on their ability to serve as drug delivery devices, releasing therapeutic agents at controlled release rates. However for a structural application, such as a nucleus pulposus replacement, the hydrogel must be able to withstand repeated loading cycles. Few studies have been conducted that investigate the fatigue behavior of hydrogel materials. Bagga et al. designed a pressurization chamber and compressed PVA hydrogels up to 40 million cycles and observed no changes in the water content or crystallinity of the gels as a result of the fatigue cycling. In this study we examine the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of cylindrical PVA/PVP hydrogels as a result of compressive fatigue cycling.
Molecular Communication A Biochemically-Engineered Communication System (2007)

Molecular communication uses molecules (i.e., chemical signals) as an information carrier and allows biological and artificially-created nano- or cell-scale devices to communicate over a short distance. It is a new communication paradigm and is different from the existing communication paradigm that uses electromagnetic waves (i.e., electronic and optical signals) as an information carrier. Key research challenges in molecular communication include design of a sender, design of a propagation system, design of a receiver, design of a communication interface, and mathematical modeling of the molecular communication components and system. This paper describes the design and the initial experimental results of a communication interface, a propagation system, and a receiver in molecular communication.
Plasma Membrane Topology of Syncytial Domains of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein K (gK): the UL20 Protein Enables Cell Surface Localization of gK but Not gK-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Fusion (2002)

Most spontaneously occurring mutations that cause extensive herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-induced cell fusion are single amino acid changes within glycoprotein K (gK). Despite the strong genetic association of gK with virus-induced cell fusion, its direct involvement in cellular membrane fusion has been controversial, largely due to previously unsuccessful efforts to detect gK expression on virion and cellular surfaces. Recently, we showed that gK is expressed on HSV-1 virions and functioned in virus entry (T. P. Foster, G. V. Rybachuk, and K. G. Kousoulas, J. Virol. 75:12431-12438, 2001). To determine whether gK is expressed on cellular surfaces, as well as its membrane topology, we generated the recombinant viruses gKV5DI, gKV5DII, gKV5DIII, and gKV5DIVcontaining insertions of the V5 antigenic epitope within each of four domains of gK predicted to localize either in the cytoplasmic side or in the extracytoplasmic side of cellular membranes. Immunohistochemical and confocal microscopy analyses of infected cells showed that both wild-type and syncytial forms of gK were expressed on cell surfaces. Analysis of the topology of the V5-tagged gK revealed that gK domains I and IV were located extracellularly, whereas domains II and III were localized intracellularly. Transiently expressed gK failed to localize in cellular plasma membranes. In contrast, infection of gK-transfected cells with the gK-null virus DeltagK enabled expression of gK on cell surfaces, as well as gK-mediated membrane fusion. Transient-coexpression experiments revealed that the UL20 protein enabled cell surface expression of gK, but not gK-mediated cell-to-cell fusion, indicating that additional viral proteins are required for expression of the gK syncytial phenotype.
Renewable fuels from biomass-derived compounds: Ru-containing hydrotalcites as catalysts for conversion of HMF to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2014)

Ruthenium nanoparticle-containing hydrotalcite catalysts work efficiently for the conversion of biomass-derived HMF into liquid fuel 2,5-dimethylfuran.
A framework for counterfeit smart grid device detection (2016)

The core vision of the smart grid concept is the realization of reliable two-way communications between smart devices (e.g., IEDs, PLCs, PMUs). The benefits of the smart grid also come with tremendous security risks and new challenges in protecting the smart grid systems from cyber threats. Particularly, the use of untrusted counterfeit smart grid devices represents a real problem. Consequences of propagating false or malicious data, as well as stealing valuable user or smart grid state information from counterfeit devices are costly. Hence, early detection of counterfeit devices is critical for protecting smart grid's components and users. To address these concerns, in this poster, we introduce our initial design of a configurable framework that utilize system call tracing, library interposition, and statistical techniques for monitoring and detection of counterfeit smart grid devices. In our framework, we consider realistic counterfeit device scenarios with different smart grid devices and adversarial settings. Our initial results on a realistic testbed utilizing actual smart-grid GOOSE messages with IEC-61850 communication protocol are very promising. Our framework is showing excellent rates on detection of smart grid counterfeit devices from impostors.