gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Inertial Relative Navigation with Sight-Line-Stabilized Sensors for Spacecraft Rendezvous (2008)

consists of the inertial position and velocity of the client satellite governed by a high-fidelity nonlinear orbital dynamics model. The error covariance matrix is formulated in terms of the estimation error in the relative position and velocity of the client satellite, consistent with the sensor measurements. Inertial attitude pointing and rate commands for tracking the client satellite are determined using the estimates of the client’s inertial relative position and velocity. To estimate the inertial attitude of the chaser satellite outside the space-integrated Global Positioning System/inertialnavigationsystem,anewthree-axissteady-stateanalyticalattitudeestimatorisdevelopedthatblends thegyro-andthestar-tracker-measuredattitudes.Thesimulationresultsofamidrangespacecraftrendezvoususing glideslope guidance validate this new six-state autonomous inertial relative navigation technique. The simulation resultsshowthattheimagingsensor’ssightlinecanbestabilizedattheclientsatelliteinmidrangeaccuratelyenough to enable the laser range finder to measure the range occasionally, but these measurements are not necessary for the midrangerendezvousphase,becausetheextendedKalman filtercanestimatetherangewiththeanglemeasurements of the imaging sensor.
Variation in MR signal intensity across normal human knee cartilage (1993)

Signal intensity (SI) of individual pixels on sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images of normal human knee cartilage was quantified to investigate whether it was related to cartilage proteoglycan content. In five subjects, images were acquired with spin-echo sequences with a TR msec/TE msec of 1,000 or 700/20 and a three-dimensional gradient-echo (GRE) sequence (60/15). In a sixth subject, the GRE sequence alone was used with 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 50 degrees flip angles. In all subjects, SI was maximal in pixel layers of the medial zone and minimal at both cartilage edges, resulting in the presence of a bell-shaped curve of interpixel (zonal) SI variation across the cartilage thickness. The magnitude of SI was dependent on the pulse sequence and flip angle, but the bell shape of the SI variation curve was independent of them. For example, in the medial tibial cartilage, the peak SI was highest with the 1,000/20 spin-echo sequence, intermediate with the 700/20 sequence, and lowest with the GRE sequence. The differences were statistically significant. The bell-shaped SI variation curve resembled the curve for zonal variation in cartilage proteoglycan content but not the curves for collagen or free water content. The physiologic basis for this resemblance and the potential usefulness of the findings for early diagnosis of diseases such as osteoarthritis are discussed.
Chlorination, Nitration, and Amination Reactions of Asphaltene (2014)

Asphaltenes are well known for their problematic characterstics during petroleum refining as well as dubiously complex structure. In this work, chlorination of various types of asphaltenes have been achieved by sulfuryl chloride with and without AIBN initiator, while nitraion and reactions with amines (aniline, triethylamine, t-butyl amine, and piperidine) were accomplished through nitrous acid and diazotization process, respectively. The charaterization of the products obtained were performed by FTIR spectroscopy. The data regarding the composition of the asphaltenes generated in this work will surely enhance our understanding toward the asphaltenes. It is envisaged that such reactions will provide an opportunity to investigate further the reacting behavior of asphaltenes for better industrial use.
360-degree Multi-Viewer Autostereoscopic Tabletop Display with Omnidirectional Dynamic Parallax Barrier and Novel Time-Multiplexed Directional Backlight (2016)

The goal of this project is to develop an autostereoscopic tabletop display for multiple viewers freely positioned around the display. 3D content is produced by an omnidirectional dynamic parallax barrier display using dual layer transparent LCD panels. Time multiplexing the parallax barrier’s period and orientation, and the use of a directional backlight allows for displaying 3D content 360° around the table to multiple tracked viewers. The novel directional backlight provides precise addressability of a large number of views using a hemispherical mirror to collimate light from a concentric outwards facing hemispherical LED array. A prototype was built using two 27” 2560×1440 pixel resolution LCD displays with 144Hz refresh rates. Interactive content and dynamic parallax barriers are rendered in a Unity 3D game engine based upon viewer positions obtained from a Vicon tracking system and a Kalman filter. The addressable backlight consists of 216 LEDs, addressable in 36 rows 10° apart placed on a transparent 38cm (15”) wide hemisphere inside a 76cm (30”) hemispherical concave mirror.
Fluid-Screen as a real time dielectrophoretic method for universal microbial capture (2021)

Bacterial culture methods, e.g. Plate Counting Method (PCM), are a gold standard in the assessment of microbial contamination in multitude of human industries. They are however slow, labor intensive, and prone to manual errors. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has shown great promise for particle separation for decades; however, it has not yet been widely applied in routine laboratory setting. This paper provides an overview of a new DEP microbial capture and separation method called Fluid-Screen (FS), that achieves very fast, efficient, reliable and repeatable capture and separation of microbial cells. Method verification experiments demonstrated that the FS system captured 100% of bacteria in test samples, a capture efficiency much higher than previously reported for similar technology. Data generated supports the superiority of the FS method as compared to the established Plate Counting Method (PCM), that is routinely used to detect bacterial contamination in healthcare, pharmacological and food industries. We demonstrate that the FS method is universal and can capture and separate different species of bacteria and fungi to viruses, from various sample matrices (i.e. human red blood cells, mammalian cells).
Cooperation Versus Multiplexing: Multicast Scheduling Algorithms for OFDMA Relay Networks (2013)

With the next-generation cellular networks making a transition toward smaller cells, two-hop orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) relay networks have become a dominant, mandatory component in the 4G standards (WiMAX 802.16j, 3GPP LTE-Adv). While unicast flows have received reasonable attention in two-hop OFDMA relay networks, not much light has been shed on the design of efficient scheduling algorithms for multicast flows. Given the growing importance of multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in 4G networks, the latter forms the focus of this paper. We show that while relay cooperation is critical for improving multicast performance, it must be carefully balanced with the ability to multiplex multicast sessions and hence maximize aggregate multicast flow. To this end, we highlight strategies that carefully group relays for cooperation to achieve this balance. We then solve the multicast scheduling problem under two OFDMA subchannelization models. We establish the NP-hardness of the scheduling problem even for the simpler model and provide efficient algorithms with approximation guarantees under both models. Evaluation of the proposed solutions reveals the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms as well as the significant benefits obtained from the multicasting strategy.
A novel thermal accelerant for augmentation of microwave energy during image-guided tumor ablation (2017)

The greatest challenge in image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) of liver tumors is a relatively high recurrence rate (ca. 30%) due to incomplete ablation. To meet this challenge, we have developed a novel Thermal Accelerator (TA) to demonstrate its capability to, 1) augment microwave (MW) energy from a distance unattainable by antenna alone; 2) turn into a gel at body temperature; 3) act as a CT or US contrast. We have examined the TA efficiency using in vitro and ex vivo models: microwave power, TA dose, frequencies and TA-to-tip distance were varied, and temperature readings compared with and without TA. Using the in vitro model, it was established that both the rate and magnitude of increase in ablation zone temperature were significantly greater with TA under all tested conditions (p<0.0001). On ultrasound imaging, the TA was echogenic as gel. On CT, TA density was proportional to dose, with average values ranging from 329 HU to 3071 HU at 10 mg/mL and 1,000mg/mL, respectively. TA can be accurately deposited to a target area using CT or US as image-guidance and augment MW energy effectively so that ablation time is significantly reduced, which will contribute to complete ablation. The preliminary results obtained from in vivo experiments using swine as an animal model are consistent with the observations made in in vitro and en vivo studies.
Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Loaded with (Zinc-)Porphyrins: Photosensitizer Release Under Reductive and Acidic Conditions for Improved Photodynamic Therapy (2017)

An adaptable approach toward cleavable nanoparticle carrier systems for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is presented, comprising a biocompatible carrier loaded with multiple photosensitizer (PS) molecules related to the clinically employed PS Temoporfin, two linkers cleavable under different triggers and glyco-targeting with mannose. A synthetic pathway to stimuli responsive hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) porphyrin conjugates via the copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) or the strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) has been developed. The PS 10,15,20-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin was functionalized with disulfide containing cystamine and acid-labile benzacetal linkers. Conjugates with reductively and pH labile linkers were thus obtained. Cleavage of the active PS agents from the polymer carrier is shown in several different release studies. The uptake of the conjugates into the cells is demonstrated via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry. Finally, the antitumor and antibacterial phototoxicity of selected conjugates has been assessed in four different tumor cell lines and in cultures of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The conjugates exhibited phototoxicity in several tumor cell lines in which conjugates with reductively cleavable linkers were more efficient compared to conjugates with acid-cleavable linkers. For S. aureus, strong phototoxicity was observed for a combination of the reductively cleavable and the pH labile linker and likewise for the cleavable conjugate with mannose targeting groups. The results thus suggest that the conjugates have potential for antitumor as well as antibacterial PDT.
Task-based limb optimization for legged robots (2016)

The design of legged robots is often inspired by animals evolved to excel at different tasks. However, while mimicking morphological features seen in nature can be very powerful, robots may need to perform motor tasks that their living counterparts do not. In the absence of designs that can be mimicked, an alternative is to resort to mathematical models that allow the relationship between a robot's form and function to be explored. In this paper, we propose such a model to co-design the motion and leg configurations of a robot such that a measure of performance is optimized. The framework begins by planning trajectories for a simplified model consisting of the center of mass and feet. The framework then optimizes the length of each leg link while solving for associated full-body motions. Our model was successfully used to find optimized designs for legged robots performing tasks that include jumping, walking, and climbing up a step. Although our results are preliminary and our analysis makes a number of simplifying assumptions, our findings indicate that the cost function, the sum of squared joint torques over the duration of a task, varies substantially as the design parameters change.
A novel multi-lane detection and tracking system (2012)

In this paper a novel spline-based multi-lane detection and tracking system is proposed. Reliable lane detection and tracking is an important component of lane departure warning systems, lane keeping support systems or lane change assistance systems. The major novelty of the proposed approach is the usage of the so-called Catmull-Rom spline in combination with the extended Kalman filter tracking. The new spline-based model enables an accurate and flexible modeling of the lane markings. At the same time the application of the extended Kalman filter contributes significantly to the system robustness and stability. There is no assumption about the parallelism or the shapes of the lane markings in our method. The number of lane markings is also not restrained, instead each lane marking is separately modeled and tracked. The system runs on a standard PC in real time (i.e. 30 fps) with WVGA image resolution (752 × 480). The test vehicle has been driven on the roads with challenging scenarios, like worn out lane markings, construction sites, narrow corners, exits and entries of the highways, etc., and good performance has been demonstrated. The quantitative evaluation has been performed using manually annotated video sequences.
Development of double negative chiral metamaterials in the visible regime (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new set of chiral structures: the "F-shaped", "E shaped" and "y-shaped" resonators. Besides providing magnetoelectric coupling, these structures have a double negative (DNG) passband which can easily be tuned in both the frequency of operation and bandwidth; moreover, the transmission bands can be generated over a broad frequency regime with a lower loss than other known structures, e.g. omega, gammadion, and "S-shaped" resonator. In this paper, the design methodology for the development of the novel metamaterials is presented. In addition, the double-negative and chiral properties of our structures are proven. Furthermore, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of our novel chiral DNG structures to the other recognized structures mentioned previously. The complimentary synthesis and modeling techniques of our novel chiral DNG metamaterials will provide a guide to the optimization of metamaterial designs in the visible regime
A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer Using Phosphatidylserine Targeting Stearylamine-Bearing Cationic Liposomes (2017)

There is a pressing need for a ubiquitously expressed antigen or receptor on the tumor surface for successful mitigation of the deleterious side effects of chemotherapy. Phosphatidylserine (PS), normally constrained to the intracellular surface, is exposed on the external surface of tumors and most tumorigenic cell lines. Here we report that a novel PS-targeting liposome, phosphatidylcholine-stearylamine (PC-SA), induced apoptosis and showed potent anticancer effects as a single agent against a majority of cancer cell lines. We experimentally proved that this was due to a strong affinity for and direct interaction of these liposomes with PS. Complexation of the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and camptothecin in these vesicles demonstrated a manyfold enhancement in the efficacies of the drugs both in vitro and across three advanced tumor models without any signs of toxicity. Both free and drug-loaded liposomes were maximally confined to the tumor site with low tissue concentration. These data indicate that PC-SA is a unique and promising liposome that, alone and as a combination therapy, has anticancer potential across a wide range of cancer types.
Sensitivity of Nozzle-Based Foamed Asphalt Binder Characteristics to Foaming Parameters (2014)

Foam-based warm-mix asphalt technologies decrease the overall viscosity of the asphalt mixture at lower temperatures so that it is workable during construction. However, after construction, viscosity increases rapidly as the foam disappears and the temperature drops. Although the production of the foamed binder is a relatively simple process, in which hot binder is mixed with a limited amount of water (typically 1% to 3% by weight of the binder), the rheology of the foamed binder is complex. The characteristics of foamed binders depend on various factors such as the binder type, grade, and modification; the foaming technology used; amount of water; and temperature. This study investigated the sensitivity of the characteristics of foamed binders to parameters such as injected air pressure and water content. The foamed binder characteristics, including the expansion ratio, half-life, foam index, bubble size distribution, and surface area index, were measured with a novel automated laboratory device called the asphalt foam collapse test. The measurements were conducted in several conditions, including ( a) constant water content and variable air pressure, ( b) variable water content and constant air pressure, and ( c) variable air pressure and water content. It was concluded that both water content and air pressure significantly affected foamed binder characteristics and their internal morphology.
Discovery of a Potent and Selective α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist from an α-Conotoxin Synthetic Combinatorial Library (2014)

α-Conotoxins are disulfide-rich peptide neurotoxins that selectively inhibit neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The α3β4 nAChR subtype has been identified as a novel target for managing nicotine addiction. Using a mixture-based positional-scanning synthetic combinatorial library (PS-SCL) with the α4/4-conotoxin BuIA framework, we discovered a highly potent and selective α3β4 nAChR antagonist. The initial PS-SCL consisted of a total of 113 379 904 sequences that were screened for α3β4 nAChR inhibition, which facilitated the design and synthesis of a second generation library of 64 individual α-conotoxin derivatives. Eleven analogues were identified as α3β4 nAChR antagonists, with TP-2212-59 exhibiting the most potent antagonistic activity and selectivity over the α3β2 and α4β2 nAChR subtypes. Final electrophysiological characterization demonstrated that TP-2212-59 inhibited acetylcholine evoked currents in α3β4 nAChRs heterogeneously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes with a calculated IC50 of 2.3 nM and exhibited more than 1000-fold selectivity over the α3β2 and α7 nAChR subtypes. As such, TP-2212-59 is among the most potent α3β4 nAChRs antagonists identified to date and further demonstrates the utility of mixture-based combinatorial libraries in the discovery of novel α-conotoxin derivatives with refined pharmacological activity.
Practical approaches to channel estimation and interference suppression for OFDM-based UWB communications (2006)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is a potential technique for future high-speed networks. In this paper, we investigate channel estimation and interference suppression for OFDM based UWB systems. In particular, we modify an existing channel estimation approach for UWB systems and develop an exponential window based approach to estimate correlation of the receive signals for interference suppression. Computer simulation results show that these approaches can be effectively used in OFDM based UWB systems.
On the Benefits of Sampling in Privacy Preserving Statistical Analysis on Distributed Databases (2013)

We consider a problem where mutually untrusting curators possess portions of a vertically partitioned database containing information about a set of individuals. The goal is to enable an authorized party to obtain aggregate (statistical) information from the database while protecting the privacy of the individuals, which we formalize using Differential Privacy. This process can be facilitated by an untrusted server that provides storage and processing services but should not learn anything about the database. This work describes a data release mechanism that employs Post Randomization (PRAM), encryption and random sampling to maintain privacy, while allowing the authorized party to conduct an accurate statistical analysis of the data. Encryption ensures that the storage server obtains no information about the database, while PRAM and sampling ensures individual privacy is maintained against the authorized party. We characterize how much the composition of random sampling with PRAM increases the differential privacy of system compared to using PRAM alone. We also analyze the statistical utility of our system, by bounding the estimation error - the expected l2-norm error between the true empirical distribution and the estimated distribution - as a function of the number of samples, PRAM noise, and other system parameters. Our analysis shows a tradeoff between increasing PRAM noise versus decreasing the number of samples to maintain a desired level of privacy, and we determine the optimal number of samples that balances this tradeoff and maximizes the utility. In experimental simulations with the UCI "Adult Data Set" and with synthetically generated data, we confirm that the theoretically predicted optimal number of samples indeed achieves close to the minimal empirical error, and that our analytical error bounds match well with the empirical results.
52.1: A New Driving Scheme for AC‐Type Ultra‐High‐Pressure Mercury Lamp with Highly Stabilized Light Output (2005)

Abstract A new driving scheme for AC type ultra high pressure mercury lamp has been developed. The new driving scheme provides a highly stabilized arc over thousands of hours without any fluctuations of light output due to the current modulation. The design freedom of the color sequential projection optics expands dramatically.
The potential of desferrioxamine-gallium as an anti- <i>Pseudomonas</i> therapeutic agent (2008)

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections that are difficult to treat by antibiotic therapy. This bacterium can cause biofilm infections where it shows tolerance to antibiotics. Here we report the novel use of a metallo-complex, desferrioxamine-gallium (DFO-Ga) that targets P. aeruginosa iron metabolism. This complex kills free-living bacteria and blocks biofilm formation. A combination of DFO-Ga and the anti-Pseudomonas antibiotic gentamicin caused massive killing of P. aeruginosa cells in mature biofilms. In a P. aeruginosa rabbit corneal infection, topical administration of DFO-Ga together with gentamicin decreased both infiltrate and final scar size by about 50% compared to topical application of gentamicin alone. The use of DFO-Ga as a Trojan horse delivery system that interferes with iron metabolism shows promise as a treatment for P. aeruginosa infections.
Non-Contact Probes for On-Wafer Characterization of Sub-Millimeter-Wave Devices and Integrated Circuits (2014)

We present a novel non-contact metrology approach for on-wafer characterization of sub-millimeter-wave devices, components, and integrated circuits. Unlike existing contact probes that rely on small metallic tips that make physical contact with the device on the chip, the new non-contact probes are based on electromagnetic coupling of vector network analyzer (VNA) test ports into the coplanar waveguide environment of integrated devices and circuits. Efficient signal coupling is achieved via a quasi-optical link between the VNA ports and planar antennas that are monolithically integrated with the test device. Experimental validation of the non-contact device metrology system is presented for the first time to demonstrate the accuracy and repeatability of proposed approach for the 325-500-GHz (WR2.2) and 500-750-GHz (WR1.5) bands.