gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2007 George L. Duff Memorial Lecture—The Immune Response in Atherosclerosis (2007)

Immune responses participate in every phase of atherosclerosis. Indeed, atherosclerosis can be viewed as an immune/inflammatory response to lipoprotein retention in the artery wall. There is increasing evidence that both adaptive and innate immunity tightly regulate the atherosclerotic process. Specific antigens and pathogen-like molecular patterns initiate the 2 aspects of immunity by ligating T- and B-cell receptors and pattern recognition receptors, respectively. Effector responses of vascular immune reactions include macrophage activation, cellular immunity, antibody formation, and vascular inflammation. Whereas experimental studies in gene-targeted models have identified major roles for innate immunity and Th1 responses in plaque initiation and progression, clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies suggest that plaque activation, rupture, and atherothrombosis also depend on immune reactions. This lecture will focus on the role of immune mechanisms in the formation and activation of atherosclerotic plaques.
An Innovations-Based Noise Cancelling Technique on Inverse Kepstrum Whitening Filter and Adaptive FIR Filter in Beamforming Structure (2011)

This paper presents an acoustic noise cancelling technique using an inverse kepstrum system as an innovations-based whitening application for an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter in beamforming structure. The inverse kepstrum method uses an innovations-whitened form from one acoustic path transfer function between a reference microphone sensor and a noise source so that the rear-end reference signal will then be a whitened sequence to a cascaded adaptive FIR filter in the beamforming structure. By using an inverse kepstrum filter as a whitening filter with the use of a delay filter, the cascaded adaptive FIR filter estimates only the numerator of the polynomial part from the ratio of overall combined transfer functions. The test results have shown that the adaptive FIR filter is more effective in beamforming structure than an adaptive noise cancelling (ANC) structure in terms of signal distortion in the desired signal and noise reduction in noise with nonminimum phase components. In addition, the inverse kepstrum method shows almost the same convergence level in estimate of noise statistics with the use of a smaller amount of adaptive FIR filter weights than the kepstrum method, hence it could provide better computational simplicity in processing. Furthermore, the rear-end inverse kepstrum method in beamforming structure has shown less signal distortion in the desired signal than the front-end kepstrum method and the front-end inverse kepstrum method in beamforming structure.
Effect of Anode Film Resistance on the Charge/Discharge Capacity of a Lithium-Ion Battery (2003)

Lithium-ion batteries are prone to failure, because both their capacity and rate capability decrease with cycling. Side reactions, which decrease the cell's cyclable lithium content, can be responsible for capacity fade. An increase in cyclable lithium content is also possible, but is limited by the initial overall lithium content. Formation of a solid electrolyte interphase film on the carbonaceous anode not only consumes cyclable lithium, but also increases the anode resistance, thus reducing the rate capability of the cell, as demonstrated via computer simulation of a lithium-ion cell. Simulations also suggest that the use of cutoff potentials may not effectively prevent undesired irreversible side reactions on overcharge or overdischarge. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stromal cells expressing TRAIL for human anti-cancer therapy (2016)

This study shows that cryopreservation is unlikely to affect the therapeutic properties of MSCTRAIL and supports the generation of a cryopreserved master cell bank.
The Role of Tec Protein-tyrosine Kinase in T Cell Signaling (1999)

The Tec protein-tyrosine kinase family includes Btk, Itk/Tsk/Emt, Tec, Rlk/Txk, and Bmx which are involved in signals mediated by various cytokines or antigen receptors. Itk is expressed primarily in T cells and activated by TCR/CD3, CD28, and CD2. However, the defect in T cell signaling in itk-deficient mice is very modest. Thus, we looked for other Tec family kinases that could be expressed in lymphoid cells and involved in T cell signal transduction. Here, we demonstrate that Tec, expressed in T cells, is activated following TCR/CD3 or CD28 ligation and interacts with CD28 receptor in an activation-dependent manner. This interaction involves the Tec SH3 domain and the proline-rich motifs in CD28. We also show that Tec can phosphorylate p62(dok), one CD28-specific substrate, whereas Itk cannot. Overexpression of Tec but not Itk can enhance the interleukin-2 promoter activity mediated by TCR/CD3 or CD28 stimulation and introduction of a kinase-dead Tec but not Itk can suppress interleukin-2 expression, indicating that Tec is directly involved in T cell activation. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Tec kinase is an integral component of T cell signaling and that the two Tec family kinases, Tec and Itk, have distinct roles in T cell activation.
Pluronic L61 as a long-circulating modifier for enhanced liposomal delivery of cancer drugs (2013)

Pluronic copolymer L61 was found to possess a stealth function for liposomal drug delivery, comparing favorably to PEG. The liposomes modified with 0.1% L61 (w/w) were long-circulating, and preferentially accumulated in the tumor site. The paclitaxel-loaded L61-liposomes with a single injection dose could successfully arrest the tumor growth, lasting for five days, and displayed better treatment outcomes compared to the non-modified liposomes and even the PEGylated liposomes.
Porous and cellular materials for structural applications (1998)

The symposium, Porous and Cellular Materials for Structural Applications, was held on April 13--15 at the 1998 MRS Spring Meeting in San Francisco. Recent developments were presented and discussed in the area of porous and cellular materials, including polymer-, ceramic-, and metal-based materials. The general focus of the symposium was on porous materials that are being developed, at least in part, for structural applications. Theoretical aspects of the mechanical behavior of porous and cellular materials were discussed, as well as the specific mechanical properties of a wide variety of solid foam materials. Design principles for the use of solid foams in structures were presented, and a number of promising applications for porous and cellular materials were shown. Papers on the manufacture of solid foams and the production of parts containing solid foams were presented. A significant portion of the symposium was devoted to new porous materials that cannot be classified as foams, such as hollow spheres, hot isostatically compacted and expanded (HICE) materials and GASAR materials. Thirty nine papers were processed separately for inclusion on the data base.
Semantic Analysis of Categorical Metadata to Search for Geographic Information (2006)

The paper proposes a semantic-based approach to analyse geographic metadata during the information search activity. In particular, the analysis of categorical attributes of metadata is considered. Techniques and concepts of information visualisation and ontology are analysed and exploited to facilitate the navigation in unfamiliar spaces of geographic data. The approach underlies how semantic information could be exploited by using information visualization techniques to provide the knowledge for the formulation of search criteria
An update-aware storage system for low-locality update-intensive workloads (2012)

Traditional storage systems provide a simple read/write interface, which is inadequate for low-locality update-intensive workloads because it limits the disk scheduling flexibility and results in inefficient use of buffer memory and raw disk bandwidth. This paper describes an update-aware disk access interface that allows applications to explicitly specify disk update requests and associate with such requests call-back functions that will be invoked when the requested disk blocks are brought into memory. Because call-back functions offer a continuation mechanism after retrieval of requested blocks, storage systems supporting this interface are given more flexibility in scheduling pending disk update requests. In particular, this interface enables a simple but effective technique called Batching mOdifications with Sequential Commit (BOSC), which greatly improves the sustained throughput of a storage system under low-locality update-intensive workloads. In addition, together with a space-efficient low-latency disk logging technique, BOSC is able to deliver the same durability guarantee as synchronous disk updates. Empirical measurements show that the random update throughput of a BOSC-based B+ tree is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of the same B+ tree implementation on a traditional storage system.
Connecting devices for collaborative interactions (2015)

column Share on Connecting devices for collaborative interactions Authors: Tero Jokela Nokia Technologies Nokia TechnologiesView Profile , Ming Ki Chong Lancaster University Lancaster UniversityView Profile , Andrés Lucero University of Southern Denmark University of Southern DenmarkView Profile , Hans Gellersen Lancaster University Lancaster UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 22Issue 4July - August 2015pp 39–43https://doi.org/10.1145/2776887Published:25 June 2015Publication History 19citation1,624DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads1,624Last 12 Months73Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
IMMU-07. CHECKPOINT MOLECULE B7-H3 IS HIGHLY EXPRESSED ON MEDULLOBLASTOMA AND PROVES TO BE A PROMISING CANDIDATE FOR CAR T CELL IMMUNOTHERAPY (2017)

BACKGROUND: B7-H3 (CD276) is a member of the B7 family of molecules involved in immune regulation and is over-expressed on a wide variety of solid tumor types. For this study we used a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell targeting B7-H3 with the 41BB using a binder based on antibody MGA271. This CAR was previously created by the Mackall group and showed strong efficacy against an osteosarcoma model. The goal of this study was to test the anti-tumor function of the B7-H3 CAR in a myc-amplified highly aggressive medulloblastoma xenograft model. METHODS: We screened several medulloblastoma cell lines for B7-H3 expression and tested cytokine release (IL-2, TNF-α, INF-g) in vitro. Immunodeficient mouse xenograft models of a human Group 3, myc-amplified medulloblastoma cancer cell-line (D425) was used for in vivo efficacy studies. RESULTS: High expression of B7-H3 antigen was observed on various medulloblastoma cell lines (D425, MED8A, SU_MB002, D283, D341) and a freshly resected primary tumor sample classified as group 2 SHH subgroup. 24hr co-incubation of B7-H3 CAR T-cells and tumor cells resulted in a high cytokine release of IL-2, TNF-α, INF-g. Administration of a single intratumoral infusion of 1 x 106 B7-H3 CAR T-cells into the posterior fossa was able to eradicate tumor burden. Furthermore, intravenous administered single infusion of 10x 106 B7-H3 CAR T-cells succeeded in crossing the blood-brain barrier and lead to prolonged survival (p= 0,007). CONCLUSIONS: We show B7-H3 overexpression on various medulloblastoma and primary patient sample. CAR T-cell targeting B7-H3 is efficacious in eradicating medulloblastoma.
Thermomechanical High‐Density Data Storage in a Metallic Material Via the Shape‐Memory Effect (2005)

By exploiting the shape-memory effect in NiTi, it is demonstrated for the first time that a metallic material can be used for rewriteable, thermomechanical data storage. Data are written as surface indentations by a nanoscale mechanical probe, read by a transducer, and erased by heating. A data array with a storage density of 10 Gbit in.–2 (∼ 6500 nm2 bit –1) is demonstrated (see Figure) but much higher storage densities are attainable with improved film planarity.
Increasing the efficiency of randomized trial estimates via linear adjustment for a prognostic score (2021)

Estimating causal effects from randomized experiments is central to clinical research. Reducing the statistical uncertainty in these analyses is an important objective for statisticians. Registries, prior trials, and health records constitute a growing compendium of historical data on patients under standard-of-care that may be exploitable to this end. However, most methods for historical borrowing achieve reductions in variance by sacrificing strict type-I error rate control. Here, we propose a use of historical data that exploits linear covariate adjustment to improve the efficiency of trial analyses without incurring bias. Specifically, we train a prognostic model on the historical data, then estimate the treatment effect using a linear regression while adjusting for the trial subjects' predicted outcomes (their <i>prognostic scores</i>). We prove that, under certain conditions, this prognostic covariate adjustment procedure attains the minimum variance possible among a large class of estimators. When those conditions are not met, prognostic covariate adjustment is still more efficient than raw covariate adjustment and the gain in efficiency is proportional to a measure of the predictive accuracy of the prognostic model above and beyond the linear relationship with the raw covariates. We demonstrate the approach using simulations and a reanalysis of an Alzheimer's disease clinical trial and observe meaningful reductions in mean-squared error and the estimated variance. Lastly, we provide a simplified formula for asymptotic variance that enables power calculations that account for these gains. Sample size reductions between 10% and 30% are attainable when using prognostic models that explain a clinically realistic percentage of the outcome variance.
Transferrin binding and transferrin-mediated cellular uptake of the ruthenium coordination compound KP1019, studied by means of AAS, ESI-MS and CD spectroscopy (2004)

Indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019) shows particular promise as an antitumour agent against colorectal cancer. It is known that KP1019 reacts with human serum proteins, whereby the major amount binds to albumin (present in large excess) and a smaller amount to transferrin. It has been hypothesised that transferrin-mediated uptake by transferrin receptor expressing tumour cells may in part explain the apparent tumour selectivity of this compound. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry studies demonstrate that two equivalents of KP1019 bind specifically to human apotransferrin, while additional amounts of the ruthenium complex bind unspecifically. Uptake studies in the transferrin receptor-expressing human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 revealed a higher cellular accumulation of KP1019 in comparison to a KP1019-transferrin adduct (2∶1), while the uptake of a KP1019–Fe(III)-transferrin conjugate (1∶0.3∶1) significantly exceeded that of KP1019, suggesting that iron binding is necessary to obtain a protein conformation which favours recognition by the transferrin receptors on the cell surface. Our study showed that KP1019 is transported into the cell by both transferrin-independent and transferrin-dependent mechanisms. Transferrin-mediated uptake is more efficient when transferrin is saturated with iron to a physiological degree (∼30%). Cell fractionation experiments demonstrated that after a 2 h treatment of human colon cancer cells with 10 µM KP1019 on average 55% of the intracellular ruthenium is located in the cellular nucleus, while 45% remain in the cytosol and other cellular components.
HIV/AIDS and legal developments in Germany. (2001)

Case law has helped to define the legal environment for people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS in Germany. This article describes court decisions in three areas that may be of interest to Canadian readers: criminal law, confidentiality, and the use of illegal drugs to control pain. It also describes the situation of refugees with HIV/AIDS.
The expression of  v and  3 integrin subunits in the normal human Fallopian tube epithelium suggests the occurrence of a tubal implantation window (1998)

The co-expression of alpha1beta1, alpha4beta1 and alphavbeta3 integrins in the human endometrium coincides with the implantation window. The alphavbeta3 integrin is expressed in the apical surface of the luminal epithelium and may serve to anchor trophoblast cells in the adhesion phase of implantation. Using immunohistochemistry, we compared the expression of alphav, alpha1, alpha4 and beta3 integrin subunits in samples of normal human Fallopian tube and endometrium obtained from five women in the non-receptive period (luteal phase days 2-4) and from another five women in the receptive period (luteal phase days 6-8). The staining was quantified visually on a scale of 0 to ++, according to the intensity and density of stained cells. The alphav subunit is expressed in the Fallopian tube epithelium during both periods in a pericellular distribution. The beta3 subunit is also expressed in the same location, but it is up-regulated during the period of endometrial receptivity. The other subunits are expressed in localizations which are not relevant to trophoblast adhesion and exhibit little or no difference in the level of expression between the non-receptive and receptive periods. Based on these results we postulate that the expression of the beta3 subunit in the human tubal epithelium is under the same systemic controlling signals as in the endometrium and that the normal tubal epithelium may have an implantation window, at about the same time as the endometrium, that affords the opportunity for trophoblast attachment should a 5-7 day embryo be unduly retained in the tube.
Total Synthesis of (−)- and (+)-Balanol<sup>1</sup> (1996)

Two total syntheses of the potent protein kinase C inhibitory fungal metabolite balanol are described. In the first approach, the core aminohydroxyazepane subunit was prepared in racemic form by stereospecific functionalization of N-benzyl-epsilon-caprolactam. Resolution prior to coupling to the benzophenone subunit provided access to both enantiomers of balanol. In the second approach, an efficient silicon-mediated cyclization of (2S,3R)-3-hydroxylysine followed by reduction provided the azepane subunit in enantiomerically pure form. The sterically congested benzophenone subunit was assembled from two highly substituted aromatic precursors by way of an anionic homo-Fries rearrangement.
Redundancy optimization for critical components in high-availability capital goods (2011)

We consider a user who buys a number of identical capital goods systems (e.g., medical, manufacturing, or communication systems) for which she must have very high availability. In such a situation, there are typically several options that can be used to facilitate this availability. Often, the user can choose to build in cold standby redundancy for critical components. She may also typically buy spare parts with the systems so that during their exploitation phase, when a part in a system fails, the failed part can be replaced by\na ready-for-use part from inventory. In addition, an emergency procedure is usually available by which a part is shipped from a distant central warehouse (at an additional cost) to be applied when there is a stock out. To these options we introduce another: The possibility of initiating an emergency shipment when stock is one. Thus, the user may choose one of three policies per component: The different combinations of the redundancy decision and the timing of applications of the emergency procedure. (In addition, she must\ndecide how much spare parts inventory to purchase, for any policy.) Each policy provides different total uptime against different total costs incurred. We formulate the problem as the minimization of the total costs incurred for the systems over their lifetimes, under a constraint for the total uptime of all systems. These total costs consist of acquisition costs, spare parts costs, and repair costs. We optimally solve the problem by decomposing the multi-component problem into single-component problems, and then conducting exact analysis on these single-component problems, we derive results on when each of the three policies is optimal. Using these, we construct an efficient frontier which reflects the trade-off between the uptime and the total costs of the systems. In addition, we provide a method to rank the components by the relative value of investing in redundancy. We illustrate these results through numerical examples.
<i>In vitro</i>BACE-1 Inhibitory Phenolic Components from the Seeds of<i>Psoralea corylifolia</i> (2008)

A new isoflavone, neocorylin ( 1) was isolated from the seeds extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae), together with eight known constituents ( 2 - 9), i. e., bakuchiol ( 2), psoralen ( 3), bavachromene ( 4), isobavachromene ( 5), bavachalcone ( 6), isobavachalcone ( 7), 7,8-dihydro-8-(4-hydrophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2 H,6 H-[1,2- B:5,4- B']dipyran-6-one ( 8), and bavachinin ( 9). The structure of the new isoflavone 1 was elucidated as 7-hydroxy-3-[2-methyl-2-(4-methylpenten-3-yl)-2 H-chromen-6-yl]-4 H-chromen-4-one by spectroscopic analyses. Neocorylin ( 1) as well as related compounds 2, 4 - 6, 8 and 9 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on baculovirus-expressed BACE-1 in vitro.
A cloned lymphoid Thy1+ tumor line derived from murine yolk sac cells maintained in long-term cell culture in the absence of a thymic microenvironment expresses an unusual cell surface phenotype. (1993)

We have previously established conditions under which murine yolk sac cells can be maintained in vitro in the absence of thymus, and we reported that a spontaneously transformed Thy1.2+ yolk sac cell line was obtained after long term culture in vitro. We now provide further phenotypic characterization of a clone, YSA1, of this Thy1.2+ cell line showing that it expresses Thy1.2, CD3/TCR V beta 8, IL-2 receptor (IL2R), and heat stable antigen (HSAg), but does not express CD4/CD8 or TCR gamma delta. The YSA1 clone is an immature cell as indicated by the expression of IL2R and HSAg and by nonproduction of IL-2 upon stimulation by anti-CD3 antibody. The data show that yolk sac stem cells can differentiate into CD3/TCR expressing cells in the absence of thymus, but do not progress in vitro paralleling observations made on freshly-isolated yolk sac stem cells.
Efficacy of PolyMPC–DOX Prodrugs in 4T1 Tumor-Bearing Mice (2014)

We report the in vivo efficacy, in tumor-bearing mice, of cancer prodrugs consisting of poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (polyMPC) conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX). Our synthesis of polyMPC-DOX conjugates established prodrugs with tunable drug loading, pH sensitive release kinetics, and a maximum tolerated dose in the range of 30-50 mg/kg (DOX equivalent) in healthy mice. Here we show prolonged circulation of polyMPC-DOX, with a measured in vivo half-life (t1/2) 8 times greater than that of the free drug. We observed reduced drug uptake in healthy tissue, and 2-3 times enhanced drug accumulation in tumors for polyMPC-DOX prodrugs compared to free DOX, using BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. Prolonged survival and reduced tumor growth were observed in mice receiving the polyMPC-DOX prodrug treatment. Moreover, we evaluated immunogenicity of polyMPC-DOX prodrugs by examining complete blood count (CBC) and characteristic cytokine responses, demonstrating no apparent innate or adaptive immune system response.