gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ballroom Intersection Protocol: Synchronous Autonomous Driving at Intersections (2015)

Road intersections are considered to be serious bottlenecks in urban transportation. More than 44% of all reported crashes in U.S. Occur within intersection areas, which in turn lead to 8,500 fatalities and approximately 1 million injuries every year. Furthermore, because traffic traveling in one direction is generally stopped at busy intersections to allow traffic to flow in another direction, an intersection creates traffic congestion and frustration. The impact of road intersections on traffic delays leads to enormous waste of human and natural resources. According to the 2011 Urban Mobility Report, the delay endured by the average commuter was 34 hours, which costs in aggregate more than $100 billion each year in the U.S. With the advances in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), autonomous driving as a part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is likely to be at the heart of urban transportation in the future. Autonomous vehicles have been demonstrated successfully at the DARPA Urban Challenge. General Motors' Electrical-Networked Vehicle, CMU's autonomous vehicle and Google's car are just a few other recently unveiled examples. Therefore, it is critical to address safety and throughput concerns as one of the main challenges for autonomous driving through intersections. In this paper, we propose a spatio-temporal technique called the Ballroom Intersection Protocol (BRIP) to manage the safe and efficient passage of autonomous vehicles through intersections. To achieve high throughput at intersections, BRIP aims to maximize the utilization of the capacity of the intersection area by increasing parallelism. By enforcing a synchronized arrival of autonomous vehicles at intersections, BRIP allows vehicles approaching from all directions to simultaneously and continuously cross without stopping behind or inside the intersection area. Our simulation results show that we are able to avoid collisions and increase the throughput of the intersections by up to 96.24% compared to common signalized intersections. Under BRIP, the optimal intersection capacity utilization of 100% is achievable in certain cases.
The presence of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies prior to onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with radiological progression in early RA (2014)

The presence of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies prior to onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with radiological progression in early RA
Combined Immunosuppressive Agents or CD4 Antibodies Prolong Survival of Human Neural Stem Cell Grafts and Improve Disease Outcomes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Transgenic Mice (2006)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a target for cell-replacement therapies, including therapies based on human neural stem cells (NSCs). These therapies must be first tested in the appropriate animal models, including transgenic rodents harboring superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutations linked to familial ALS. However, these rodent subjects reject discordant xenografts. In the present investigation, we grafted NSCs from human embryonic spinal cord into the ventral lumbar cord of 2-month-old SOD1-G93A transgenic mice. Animals were immunosuppressed with FK506, FK506 plus rapamycin, FK506 plus rapamycin plus mycophenolate mofetil, or CD4 antibodies. With FK506 monotherapy, human NSC grafts were rejected within 1 week, whereas combinations of FK506 with one or two of the other agents or CD4 antibodies protected grafts into end-stage illness (i.e., more than 2 months after grafting). The combination of FK506 with rapamycin appeared to be optimal with respect to efficacy and simplicity of administration. Graft protection was achieved via the blockade of CD4- and CD8-cell infiltration and attenuation of the microglial phagocytic response from the host. Surviving NSCs differentiated extensively into neurons that began to establish networks with host nerve cells, including alpha-motor neurons. Immunosuppressed animals with live cells showed later onset and a slower progression of motor neuron disease and lived longer compared with immunosuppressed control animals with dead NSC grafts. Our findings indicate that combined immunosuppression promotes the survival of human NSCs grafted in the spinal cord of SOD1-G93A mice and, in doing so, allows the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and leads to the improvement of key parameters of motor neuron disease.
SH3RF2 functions as an oncogene by mediating PAK4 protein stability (2013)

SH3RF (SH3-domain-containing RING finger protein) family members, SH3RF1-3, are multidomain scaffold proteins involved in promoting cell survival and apoptosis. In this report, we show that SH3RF2 is an oncogene product that is overexpressed in human cancers and regulates p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) protein stability. Immunohistochemical analysis of 159 colon cancer tissues showed that SH3RF2 expression levels are frequently elevated in cancer tissues and significantly correlate with poor prognostic indicators, including increased invasion, early recurrence and poor survival rates. We also demonstrated that PAK4 protein is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that SH3RF2 inhibits PAK4 ubiquitination via physical interaction-mediated steric hindrance, which results in the upregulation of PAK4 protein. Moreover, ablation of SH3RF2 expression attenuates TRADD (TNFR-associated death domain) recruitment to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 1 and hinders downstream signals, thereby inhibiting NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappaB) activity and enhancing caspase-8 activity, in the context of TNF-α treatment. Notably, ectopic expression of SH3RF2 effectively prevents apoptosis in cancer cells and enhances cell migration, colony formation and tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that SH3RF2 is an oncogene that may be a definitive regulator of PAK4. Therefore, SH3RF2 may represent an effective therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Laminin-1 Peptides Conjugated to Fibrin Hydrogels Promote Salivary Gland Regeneration in Irradiated Mouse Submandibular Glands (2021)

Previous studies demonstrated that salivary gland morphogenesis and differentiation are enhanced by modification of fibrin hydrogels chemically conjugated to Laminin-1 peptides. Specifically, Laminin-1 peptides (A99: CGGALRGDN-amide and YIGSR: CGGADPGYIGSRGAA-amide) chemically conjugated to fibrin promoted formation of newly organized salivary epithelium both <i>in vitro</i> (<i>e.g.,</i> using organoids) and <i>in vivo</i> (<i>e.g.,</i> in a wounded mouse model). While these studies were successful, the model's usefulness for inducing regenerative patterns after radiation therapy remains unknown. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to determine whether transdermal injection with the Laminin-1 peptides A99 and YIGSR chemically conjugated to fibrin hydrogels promotes tissue regeneration in irradiated salivary glands. Results indicate that A99 and YIGSR chemically conjugated to fibrin hydrogels promote formation of functional salivary tissue when transdermally injected to irradiated salivary glands. In contrast, when left untreated, irradiated salivary glands display a loss in structure and functionality. Together, these studies indicate that fibrin hydrogel-based implantable scaffolds containing Laminin-1 peptides promote secretory function of irradiated salivary glands.
Psychoacoustically motivated objective speech quality evaluation procedures, PSQM, and improvements (1999)

PSQM (Perceptual Speech Quality Measure), measuring speech quality objectively, has been standardized by ITU-T as recommendation P.861. PSQM characterizes the perception of the (degraded) output speech signal of the system in comparison to the (ideal) input speech. A perceptual model is used that maps input and output signals onto psychophysical representations using psychophysical equivalents of frequency (Bark) and intensity (compressed Sone). The quality of the device under test is determined with a simple cognitive mapping from the differences in the psychophysical representation to the perceived speech quality in terms of Mean Opinion Scores (MOS). Within an ITU benchmark testing a limited set of unknown codec distortions the PSQM showed high correlations (around 0.97) between subjectively perceived and objectively measured speech quality. When applying PSQM to a wide variety of real world distortions two major limitations show up: First, dynamic time warping effects, as they will be found, e.g., in Internet telephony, cause a degradation in correlation. Second, the perceptual model that is used within the PSQM method is too simple to account for a wide variety of distortions. This presentation discusses extensions to the PSQM method that allows application to real world distortions.
The <i>Drosophila</i> Insulin Receptor Activates Multiple Signaling Pathways but Requires Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins for DNA Synthesis (1996)

The Drosophila insulin receptor (DIR) contains a 368-amino-acid COOH-terminal extension that contains several tyrosine phosphorylation sites in YXXM motifs. This extension is absent from the human insulin receptor but resembles a region in insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins which binds to the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and mediates mitogenesis. The function of a chimeric DIR containing the human insulin receptor binding domain (hDIR) was investigated in 32D cells, which contain few insulin receptors and no IRS proteins. Insulin stimulated tyrosine autophosphorylation of the human insulin receptor and hDIR, and both receptors mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase. IRS-1 was required by the human insulin receptor to activate PI 3-kinase and p70s6k, whereas hDIR associated with PI 3-kinase and activated p70s6k without IRS-1. However, both receptors required IRS-1 to mediate insulin-stimulated mitogenesis. These data demonstrate that the DIR possesses additional signaling capabilities compared with its mammalian counterpart but still requires IRS-1 for the complete insulin response in mammalian cells.
Abstract A63: TLR5 agonist CBLB502 protects mice from Fas-mediated liver damage without protecting tumors (2011)

Abstract We have previously shown the strong radioprotective properties of the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin and its derivative CBLB502 in both mouse and non-human primate models (Burdelya et al., 2008, Science 320: 226–230). Because no protection has been observed in any in vitro cell model regardless of the TLR5 status of the cells, we hypothesized that the radioprotective effects of the TLR5 agonist are indirect and mediated by factors produced by primary cells responding to flagellin in the organism. Using a combination of tools, including NF-kB-responsive reporter mice and immunohistochemical determination of tissues responding to CBLB502 by NF-kB activation, we defined liver hepatocytes as the primary pharmacological targets of flagellin. Surgical exclusion of the liver from the blood circulation completely abolished radioprotection of the bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells by CBLB502 suggesting that the liver acts as a mediator of at least some of the effects of the TLR5 agonist. Since the induction of NF-kB is known to activate multiple pro-survival mechanisms, we further hypothesized that administration of the TLR5 agonist can result in liver resistance to otherwise toxic conditions. Mice treated with Fas agonistic antibodies were employed as a model of acute hepatotoxicity. Injection of CBLB502 showed a strong preventive effect against Fas-mediated injury rescuing all of the injected mice in contrast to complete lethality in the control groups. The ability of CBLB502 to protect the liver was also demonstrated via reduced levels of liver enzymes in the peripheral blood and caspase activation in liver extracts of mice treated with Fas agonistic antibodies. Using two syngeneic tumor models, colon adenocarcinoma CT26 and lymphoma A20, growing as liver metastases in mice, we found that CBLB502 injections not only prevented liver damage, but also suppressed tumor appearance and growth when injected with or without anti-Fas antibodies. Thus, TLR5 agonist has potential to become a new agent for liver protection and suppression of liver metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr A63.
Rapid molecular imaging of active thrombi in vivo using aptamer-antidote probes (2023)

Pathological blood clotting, or thrombosis, limits vital blood flow to organs; such deprivation can lead to catastrophic events including myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke. Prompt restoration of blood flow greatly improves outcomes. We explored whether aptamers could serve as molecular imaging probes to rapidly detect thrombi. An aptamer targeting thrombin, Tog25t, was found to rapidly localize to and visualize pre-existing clots in the femoral and jugular veins of mice using fluorescence imaging and, when circulating, was able to image clots as they form. Since free aptamer is quickly cleared from circulation, contrast is rapidly developed, allowing clot visualization within minutes. Moreover, administration of an antidote oligonucleotide further enhanced contrast development, causing the unbound aptamer to clear within 5min while impacting the clot-bound aptamer more slowly. These findings suggest that aptamers can serve as imaging agents for rapid detection of thrombi in acute care and perioperative settings.
Midwave thermal infrared detection using semiconductor selective absorption (2010)

The performance of thermal detectors is derived for devices incorporating materials with non-uniform spectral absorption. A detector designed to have low absorption in the primary thermal emission band at a given temperature will have a background-limited radiation noise well below that of a blackbody absorber, which is the condition typically assessed for ultimate thermal detector performance. Specific examples of mid-wave infrared (ʎ ∼ 3-5 μm) devices are described using lead selenide as a primary absorber with optical cavity layers that maximize coupling. An analysis of all significant noise sources is presented for two example room-temperature devices designed to have detectivities up to 4.37 × 10(10) cm Hz(1/2) W(-1), which is a factor 3.1 greater than the traditional blackbody limit. An alternative method of fabricating spectrally selective devices by patterning a plasmonic structure in silver is also considered.
High-Accuracy Digital Camera Color Transforms for Wide Gamut Workflows (2013)

For digital camera systems, transforming from the native camera RGB signals into an intermediate working space is often required, with common examples involving transformations into ACES or XYZ. For scene-linear camera signals, by far the most common approach utilizes 3times3 matrices (formed using regression methods), which are low-complexity approximations to the exact transformation that would be obtained using a full spectral analysis. For workflows designed for Rec709 displays, matrix-based input transforms are capable of producing reasonable accuracy in this domain. However, the 3times3 matrix colorimetric errors can become significant for saturated colors in workflows involving wide-gamut primary systems such as UHDTV or ACES. To address this shortfall, a novel input color transformation method has been developed that involves separate one-dimensional and two-dimensional operations. From the native camera RGB signals, chromaticity-like coordinates are computed and these are used to index into a two-dimensional lookup table (LUT); the output of the two-dimensional LUT is then scaled according to the input signal. Because the surfaces associated with the 2D LUTs possess many degrees of freedom, highly accurate colorimetric transformations can be achieved. For several cinematic and broadcast cameras tested, this new transformation method consistently shows a modest reduction of mean deltaE errors for colors within the Rec709 primaries. The improvement in accuracy becomes much more significant for saturated colors, for which the mean deltaE errors are reduced by more than a factor of three for colors that lie between Rec709 and Rec2020.
A Sex Attractant for the Adult Males of the Army Cutworm,Euxoa auxiliaris:1a Mixture ofZ-5-tetradecen-l-yl acetate andE-7-tetradecen-l-yl acetate (1977)

A mixture of Z -5-tetradecen-1-yl acetate and E -7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate in ratios of 1:99 to 11:89 were found through behavioral bioassays in the laboratory and field testing to be a specific attractant for the adult male army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote). The optimum ratio of these chemicals was about 5:95 and the pure chemicals alone were nonattractive in the field. The greatest trap catches were to 1 mg of attractant on rubber band dispensers and the males were only attracted during their 2nd flight period of August to October. The attractant was more effective in attracting males than one unmated female per trap. It was strongly inhibited by low percentages of Z 7-14:Ac or Z 7-14:OH.
Total Synthesis of Robustaflavone, a Potential Anti-Hepatitis B Agent (1998)

Robustaflavone, a naturally occurring compound, is an inhibitor of hepatitis B virus replication in vitro. Robustaflavone is a biflavanoid composed of two units of apigenin (5,7,4‘-trihydroxyflavone) joined via a biaryl linkage between the 6-position of one unit and the 3‘-position of the other (I6,II3‘-biapigenin). The natural material was isolated from the seed-kernels of Rhus succedanea. To provide ready access to sufficient quantities of material for continued biological studies, as well as to provide a general route for the preparation of structural analogues, a total synthesis of robustaflavone was pursued. The total synthesis was approached by constructing apigenin ethers containing functionalities at the 6- and 3‘-positions which could be cross-coupled using transition metal catalysis. Key steps of the synthesis included development of a regioselective iodination of an apigenin derivative at the 6-position. Also key was the formation of an apigenin 3‘-boronate using a palladium-catalyzed exchange of the corresponding 3‘-iodide with a diboron reagent. Finally, identification of appropriate reaction conditions for Suzuki coupling to form the sterically congested 6−3‘‘‘ biaryl bond of robustaflavone provided access to the desired biflavanoid system. This work represents the first total synthesis of robustaflavone.
Utilization of Location Information in Cognitive Wireless Networks (2007)

Location awareness is an essential characteristic of cognitive radios as well as networks. In this article a location awareness engine architecture is proposed for the realization of location awareness in cognitive radios and networks. The proposed architecture consists of location estimation and/or sensing, seamless positioning and interoperability, statistical learning and tracking, security and privacy, mobility management, and location-based applications. However, the focus of this article is on location-based applications where we demonstrate the utilization of location information in cognitive wireless networks by presenting some representative location-assisted network optimization applications such as location-assisted spectrum management, network planning and expansion, and handover. Our study unveils that location information can be used in cognitive wireless networks to optimize network performance. Possible solutions to the implementation issues are proposed, and the remaining open issues are also addressed.
Seminal plasma contains “BPSA,” a molecular form of prostate‐specific antigen that is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2000)

BACKGROUND We previously reported that levels of BPSA, a modified form of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are significantly elevated in prostate transition-zone tissue exhibiting nodular hyperplastic changes associated with the presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPSA was purified and found to contain a characteristic clip between Lys182 and Ser183. We now describe the identification of BPSA in seminal plasma. METHODS PSA was purified from seminal plasma by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified PSA was further resolved by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and the individual PSA forms were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and N-terminal amino-acid sequencing. RESULTS BPSA comprised about 8% of the PSA in pooled seminal plasma, and was identical to BPSA purified from prostate tissues. BPSA was cleanly resolved from all active and inactive forms of PSA. Other inactive forms of PSA in seminal plasma consisted largely of PSA clipped at Lys145, though about 30% of the inactive seminal plasma PSA was intact, mature PSA. CONCLUSIONS BPSA represents a distinct form of inactive PSA in the seminal plasma that may represent a specific marker for the biochemical changes associated with nodular development in the prostate transition zone found in patients with BPH. Prostate 45:271–276, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Utilization of CO<sub>2</sub>as a partial substitute for methane feedstock in chemical looping methane–steam redox processes for syngas production (2017)

This work describes the capability of a novel chemical looping system that utilizes CO<sub>2</sub>as a feedstock for methane reforming.
Towards high-throughput Brillouin microscopy (2022)

Brillouin microscopy has recently emerged as a promising modality to provide label-free contrast mechanisms to characterize the biophysical properties of cells, tissues and biomaterials. However Brillouin spectroscopy has historically been slow to be viable in biological applications. This talk will discuss the advancements in Brillouin spectroscopy of the past several years that have made possible to demonstrate biological applications. Finally, several promising directions for high-throughput Brillouin measurements will be discussed.
3D Prestack Land Data Enhancement Based on Nonlinear Beamforming in Cross-Spread Domain (2019)

Summary We present nonlinear beamforming (NLBF), a new method for enhancing 3D prestack land seismic data corrupted by challenging near-surface or overburden scattering. The method is based on the ideas of multidimensional stacking techniques such as common-reflection surface and multifocusing, but is designed specifically for modern 3D land seismic data. NLBF searches for local coherent nonlinear events in the data in the cross-spread domain and then performs beamforming along the estimated trajectories. We present details of the nonlinear beamforming algorithm and real-data examples showing the capabilities of the method. We expect NLBF to significantly streamline seismic processing of modern high-channel count and single-sensor data, and lead to improved images as well as better prestack data for estimation of reservoir properties.
Synchronisation Technique of Data Recorded on a Multichannel Tape Recorder (1984)

Abstract : This document describes the design and development of a portable, self-contained, electronic digital unit, termed Data Synchroniser. This unit is able to time synchronize recorded data channels from a multichannel tape recorder during playbacks. During the data recording, it produces a synchronization signal which is recorded on one channel using direct or Frequency Modulation techniques. The recording/playback speed ratio may be varied to suit the analysis method.