gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON-LINE SENSORS FOR POLYMERIZATION REACTORS (1990)

Abstract The main goals in operating a polymer reactor are high yield (productivity), high product quality, and safe operation (of course, within some overall economic framework). These goals are very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve without efficient and reliable online measurement [characterization, monitoring, sensing) techniques. Although considerable advances have been made in the last twenty years in many aspects of polymer reaction engineering and production technology, sensor technology has remained rather static. It is only recently, mainly in the last five years or so, that we have started seeing more reliable on-line sensors, especially with the parallel advancements in computer and process control technology. The complex nature of polymerization systems is undoubtedly the first good reason for major difficulties in on-line sensor technology. Another good reason is the fact that sensor development is a multidisciplinary task, including statistics mathematical modeling, process knowledge and understanding, reactor design, and modern advanced control, electronics, and instrumentation engineering.
MeV Dark Matter: Has It Been Detected? (2004)

We discuss the possibility that the recent detection of 511 keV gamma rays from the galactic bulge, as observed by INTEGRAL, is a consequence of low mass (1-100 MeV) particle dark matter annihilations. We discuss the type of halo profile favored by the observations as well as the size of the annihilation cross section needed to account for the signal. We find that such a scenario is consistent with the observed dark matter relic density and other constraints from astrophysics and particle physics.
On fast FIR filters implemented as tail-canceling IIR filters (1997)

We have developed an algorithm based on synthetic division for deriving the transfer function that cancels the tail of a given arbitrary rational (IIR) transfer function after a desired number of time steps. Our method applies to transfer functions with repeated poles, whereas previous methods of tail-subtraction cannot. We use a parallel state-variable technique with periodic refreshing to induce finite memory in order to prevent accumulation of quantization error in cases where the given transfer function has unstable modes. We present two methods for designing linear-phase truncated IIR (TIIR) filters based on antiphase filters. We explore finite-register effects for unstable modes and provide bounds on the maximum TIIR filter length. In particular, we show that for unstable systems, the available dynamic range of the registers must be three times that of the data. Considerable computational savings over conventional FIR filters are attainable for a given specification of linear-phase filter. We provide examples of filter design. We show how to generate finite-length polynomial impulse responses using TIIR filters. We list some applications of TIIR filters, including uses in digital audio and an algorithm for efficiently implementing Kay's optimal high-resolution frequency estimator.
Data detection methods vs head resolution in digital magnetic recording (1978)

The detection methods for determining the presence of a magnetically recorded bit depend on the operating conditions of the magnetic recording head and media. The Bit Density curve which best describes the head and media operating conditions is divided into four regions of interest. Methods for data detection suitable for each of the regions are listed together with block diagrams of typical detection circuits. Circuit parameters that effect correct data bit placement in a serial data stream are discussed.
Preserved Smad4 expression in the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with advanced gastric cancer. (2001)

The signals of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily are conveyed through cell surface serine/threonine kinase receptors to the intracellular mediators known as Smads. Activation of Smads causes their translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where they function to control gene expression. The present study analyzed the expression of Smad4 and TGF-beta1 to determine their prognostic significance in advanced gastric cancer. Of 249 cases of advanced gastric cancer, 41 had invaded the muscular layer, 114 had invaded the subserosal layer, and 94 had invaded the serosa. Anti-Smad4 and TGF-beta1 antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining. Reduced expression of Smad4 was 75.1%, whereas positive expression of TGF-beta1 was 39.6% in gastric cancer. Smad4 expression was related to the depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.05), and TGF-beta1 expression correlated with tumor gross type (P < 0.05). Postoperative survival analysis indicated that patients who had a tumor with reduced Smad4 expression had a poorer clinical outcome than those with preserved expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in patients with TGF-beta1-positive tumors, survival rate was significantly better in patients with preserved Smad4 expression than in those with reduced Smad4 expression (P < 0.05). According to multivariate analysis, Smad4 expression acted as an independent prognostic factor. Smad4 expression, particularly in the TGF-beta pathway, is an effective predictor of outcome for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Suppression of human bladder cancer growth by increased expression of C-CAM1 gene in an orthotopic model. (1996)

Recently, we demonstrated that an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule, C-CAM, acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. It is known that C-CAM is expressed in many epithelial cell types. In this study, we tested the possibility that C-CAM may also suppress bladder cancer progression. We used an orthotopic tumor model, which provides a relevant organ condition for examining the interaction between primary tumor cells and their microenvironment; this interaction has a critical impact on the behavior of carcinoma. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing C-CAM1 (an isoform of C-CAM) and infected the 253J B-V cell line, a tumorigenic human bladder carcinoma subline. In vitro, C-CAM1 protein was detected in C-CAM1 adenovirus-infected cells but not in antisense control virus-infected cells, and the levels of expression showed dose dependency. When these cells were injected orthotopically in nude mice, we found that the increased expression of C-CAM1 in the 253J B-V cells repressed the growth of 253J B-V-induced tumors. Taken together, these data indicate that C-CAM1 is a potent tumor suppressor in human bladder cancer.
Fat Soluble Vitamins in Liposomes: Studies on Incorporation Efficiency and Bile Salt Induced Vesicle Disintegration (1993)

A systematic investigation has been undertaken to study the possible role of liposomes in facilitating the absorption of fat soluble vitamins (FSV) after oral administration in situations where FSV absorption is impaired. Conditions for the optimal incorporation of vitamins A, D3 and E individually or in combination, into multilamellar liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine or distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (total vitamin to phospholipid molar ratios of 0.5:1, 0.75:1 and 0.9:1) have been studied. When two or three FSVs were incorporated simultaneously, FSV molar ratios used were based on the daily allowances (RDA) recommended for human males by the US Food and Nutrition Board. [Monitoring of FSV incorporation was carried out by the assay of 3H radioactivity (vitamins D3 or E, incorporated either individually or together with vitamin A), fluorometrically (vitamin A) or by an HPLC method developed in the present study for the assay of all three FSV simultaneously.] Incorporation yield of FSV used alone or in combination was found to decrease with increasing total vitamin to phospholipid molar ratio and to broadly depend on the phospholipid used. Although a vitamin to phospholipid molar ratio of 0.5:1 was found optimal in terms of percent vitamin incorporation (up to about 94% of the amount used), greater absolute amounts of FSV were recovered in most of the formulations with higher molar ratios. Moreover, when two or three FSV were incorporated simultaneously, amounts recovered with liposomes were reasonably similar to the RDA used initially.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Novel electronically-controlled floating resistors using MOS transistors operating in saturation (1991)

Three new, simple CMOS floating resistors each using only four transistors and two current sources are proposed. The circuits exploit the square-law characteristics of an MOS transistor operated in the saturation region and the resistance can be controlled either by current or by voltage. The implementation of nth order lowpass ladder Miters using the proposed resistors is presented.
Pattern recognition in load profiles of electric drives in manufacturing plants (2015)

With the introduction of energy management systems, an analysis of load profiles of manufacturing plants becomes increasingly important. Each manufacturing plant is characterized by a process and product specific power consumption. Often, electric drives are the main power consumers. In this paper methods for pattern recognition in load profiles of electric drives are presented on the example of a multiaxial lathe. A transfer of techniques used for speech recognition e.g. Hidden Markov Models, Fourier and Wavelet Transforms to manufacturing application is discussed. In combination with energy measurement systems, those techniques proved to be a good solution regarding energy efficiency calculations and derivation for key performance indicators. The investigated methods can also be applied to other process data with significant cost advantages, because a lot of process information can be extracted from a single sensor.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Zn-Y Alloys (2011)

The microstructures and mechanical properties of quasicrystal reinforced Mg-Al-Zn-Y alloys with different Y and Zn contents were investigated. The results show that I-phases and Mg 17 Al 12 phases form in all alloys. When Y content exceeds 1.0 at.%, the blocky Al2Y particles form, and it is disadvantageous to improve tensile strength and elongation rate. The tensile failure modes of Mg-Al-Zn-Y alloys are quasi-cleavage fracture. The tensile strength and elongation rate increase firstly and then decrease with increasing Y and Zn contents. When Y content reaches 1.0 at.%, the tensile strength and elongation rate achieve the highest values.
Study on Helical Structure of the B<sub>4</sub> Phase Formed from Achiral Banana-Shaped Molecule (2001)

The helical structure of the B 4 phase in the banana-shaped molecules, the 1,3-benzene bis[4-(4-n-alkoxyphenyliminomethyl) benzoate] (P- n -O-PIMB) series, has been studied by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and circular dichroism for homogeneously and homeotropically aligned cells. The homogeneously aligned cells showed a transparent blue color and a circular dichroism at about 400 nm, indicating the existence of a helical structure. Detailed texture observation also reveals the existence of two helical domains with opposite helical senses. The two helical domains are formed with equal probability, and with the helical axes parallel to the layers similar to the twist grain boundary (TGB) phase. This helical structure is also supported by X-ray diffraction. The balance between the two domain areas is broken by doping P- n -O-PIMB with its chiral analogue. The texture of the homeotropically aligned cells suggests two different helical axes, both of which are parallel to the layer but with one parallel and the other perpendicular to the bent-core plane.
Class of digital integrators and differentiators (2011)

A novel class of infinite impulse response digital integrators and differentiators is developed. A class of digital integrators is first derived from a class of numerical integration rules. A class of digital differentiators is then obtained by inverting the transfer functions of the obtained integrators and stabilising the resulting transfer functions together with magnitude compensation if necessary. Simulated annealing is applied to optimise some of the obtained integrators and differentiators.
Engaging at UQ's Boilerhouse (2008)

Established in 1999 as part of the new Ipswich campus of The University of Queensland, the UQ Boilerhouse Community Engagement Centre aims to find ways for the university and public to work together. To achieve this, the Centre works with a range of diverse stakeholders from the private, public and community sectors, developing informed and collaborative responses to both existing and emerging community issues.
Analysis of the Staging Maneuver and Booster Glideback Guidance for a Two-Stage, Winged, Fully Reusable Launch Vehicle (1993)

One of the promising launch concepts that could replace the current Space Shuttle launch system is a two-stage, winged, vertical-takeoff, fully reusable launch vehicle. During the boost phase of ascent, the booster provides propellant for the orbiter engines through a cross-feed system. When the vehicle reaches a Mach number of 3, the booster propellants are depleted and the booster is staged and glides unpowered to a horizontal landing at a launch site runway. Two major design issues for this class of vehicle are the staging maneuver and the booster glideback. For the staging maneuver analysis, a technique was developed that provides for a successful separation of the booster from the orbiter over a wide range of staging angles of attack. A longitudinal flight control system was developed for control of the booster during the staging maneuver. For the booster glideback analysis, a guidance algorithm was developed that successfully guides the booster from the completion of the staging maneuver to a launch site runway while encountering many off-nominal atmospheric, aerodynamic, and staging conditions.
Kinetic Modeling of <sup>11</sup>C-LY2795050, A Novel Antagonist Radiotracer for PET Imaging of the Kappa Opioid Receptor in Humans (2014)

(11)C-LY2795050 is a novel kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The purpose of this first-in-human study was to determine the optimal kinetic model for analysis of (11)C-LY2795050 imaging data. Sixteen subjects underwent baseline scans and blocking scans after oral naltrexone. Compartmental modeling and multilinear analysis-1 (MA1) were applied using the arterial input functions. Two-tissue compartment model and MA1 were found to be the best models to provide reliable measures of binding parameters. The rank order of (11)C-LY2795050 distribution volume (VT) matched the known regional KOR densities in the human brain. Blocking scans with naltrexone indicated no ideal reference region for (11)C-LY2795050. Three methods for calculation of the nondisplaceable distribution volume (VND) were assessed: (1) individual VND estimated from naltrexone occupancy plots, (2) mean VND across subjects, and (3) a fixed fraction of cerebellum VT. Approach (3) produced the lowest intersubject variability in the calculation of binding potentials (BPND, BPF, and BPP). Therefore, binding potentials of (11)C-LY2795050 can be determined if the specific binding fraction in the cerebellum is presumed to be unchanged by diseases and experimental conditions. In conclusion, results from the present study show the suitability of (11)C-LY2795050 to image and quantify KOR in humans.
Crisis económica y Odontología en España. Propuesta de soluciones por grupo nominal de dentistas (2011)

espanolINTRODUCCION: En un contexto de mas de dos decadas de crecimiento espectacular del numero de dentistas en Espana, se suma la presion que la actual crisis economica ejerce sobre una profesion que es eminentemente privada. El objetivo es proponer soluciones al efecto de la crisis economica en la profesion odontologica. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Se realizo una Tecnica de Grupo Nominal en Granada capital en marzo de 2011. Los expertos (n=9) fueron dentistas que cubrian un amplio espectro socio-profesional. La pregunta fue ?Que medidas cree usted que habria que adoptar ante la influencia negativa de la crisis economica en Odontologia?”, aclarando que una posible respuesta fuera considerar que no habia tal influencia. Las fases fueron: 1. Generacion de ideas por parte los expertos, 2. Su enunciado y explicacion, 3. Discusion y fusion de ideas por consenso, 4. Priorizacion por votacion secreta entre las diez ideas colapsadas resultantes. RESULTADOS: Las cinco ideas mas votadas, por orden, fueron: 1. Reduccion del numero de nuevos licenciados en Espana, 2. Concienciacion en salud oral a la poblacion pues mejoraria la demanda, 3. Apoyo legal-laboral a los nuevos licenciados por ser considerado el colectivo mas castigado, 4. Mayor eficiencia de los programas publicos odontologicos, y 5. Desarrollo adecuado con estandares de calidad de las especialidades odontologicas y la formacion posgraduada y a precios asequibles. CONCLUSIONES: Existe unanimidad al identificar la crisis economica como elemento negativo sobre la profesion y la necesidad de tomar medidas. EnglishINTRODUCTION: In a context of more than two decades of spectacular growth in the number of dentists in Spain, it is added pressure that the current economic crisis has on a profession that is predominantly private. The aim of this study is to propose solutions to the impact of economic crisis in the dental profession. METHODS: Nominal Group Technique was conducted in Granada city in March 2011. Experts (n = 9) were dentists covering a broad social and professional. The question was What measures do you think should be taken to the negative influence of the economic crisis in dentistry? Clarifying that a possible answer was to consider that there was no such influence. The phases were: 1. Generation of ideas by experts, 2. Their statement and explanation, 3. Discussion and fusion of ideas by consensus, 4. Secret votation by prioritization among the ten resulting ideas. RESULTS: The five most voted ideas, orderly, were 1.Reducing the number of new graduates in Spain, 2. Oral health awareness in the population as it would improve the demand, 3. Legal and labor support for new graduates to be considered the hardest hit group, 4. More efficient public dental programs, and 5. Developing adequate quality standards of the dental specialities and postgraduate training with affordable prices. CONCLUSIONS: There is unanimity to identify the economic crisis as a negative element about the profession and the need to take action.
Organic molecular crystals: interaction, localization, and transport phenomena (1995)

Contents: 1. Basic Properties of Organic Molecular Crystals (OMC). 2. Exciton Interaction with Local Lattice Environment. 3. Charge Carrier Interaction with Local Lattice Environment. 4. Energy Structure of Polaron States in OMC. 5. Exciton and Charge Carrier Transport Phenomena. 6. Charge Carrier Photogeneration and Separation Mechanisms in OMC. 7. Charge Carrier Transport Processes in OMC. 8. Epilogue. Summing Up and Looking Ahead.
Третий саммит Совета Европы (2005)

Статья представляет выступление Генерального секретаря Совета Европы Терри Дэвиса на заключительном заседании Третьей встречи глав государств и правительств. В статье рассказывается о результатах проведения третьего Саммита Совета Европы, проведенного в Варшаве 17 мая 2005 года.
New Furano‐sesquiterpenoids from Mediterranean Sponges (1985)

Abstract A mixture of sponges of the East Pyrenean Mediterranean is shown to contain the known sponge products longifolin ( 1 ), avarol ((+)‐ 3 ), and avarone ( 4 ) and the terrestrial‐plant product sesquirosefuran ( 2 ), besides to the new furano‐sesquiterpenoids tavacfuran (= 3‐methyl‐2‐[(3′ Z )‐3′‐methyl‐4″‐methyl‐2″‐furyl‐3′‐butenyl]furan; ( 5 ) and tavacpallescensin (= 5,10‐dihydro‐6,9‐dimethyl‐4 H ‐benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2‐ b ]furan; 6 ) and the new furano‐butenolide sesquiterpenoids tavacbutenolide‐1 (= (±‐4‐ethoxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐)[(2′ E )‐2′‐methyl‐4′‐(3″‐methyl‐2″‐furyl)‐2′‐butenyl]‐2‐buten‐4‐olide; (±)‐ 7 ) and tavacbutenolide‐2 (= (±)‐4‐ethoxy‐3‐methyl‐4‐[2′ E )‐3′‐methyl‐4′‐(4″‐methyl‐2″‐furyl)‐2′‐butenyl]‐2‐buten‐4‐olide; (±)‐ 8 ). Structural assignments are based on NMR data and on the synthesis of the ( E )‐isomer of 5 . The sponge Dysidea tupha of the same area is also shown to contain the two sesquiterpenoids ent ‐furodysinin ((−)‐ 14 ), which is enantiomeric to a product of a Dysidea sp. of Australian waters, and tuphabutenolide ((+)‐ 15 ).
Modeling improvement of spectral response of solar cells by deployment of spectral converters containing semiconductor nanocrystals (2004)

A planar converter containing quantum dots as wavelength-shifting moieties on top of a solar cell was studied. The highly efficient quantum dots are to shift the wavelengths where the spectral response of the solar cell is low to wavelengths where the spectral response is high in order to improve the conversion efficiency of the solar cell. It was calculated that quantum dots with an emission at 603 nm increase the multicrystalline solar cell short-circuit current by nearly 10%. Simulation results for planar converters on hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells show no beneficial effects, due to the high spectral response at low wavelength.
Wolff's law (bone functional adaptation) (2018)

Wolff's law was proposed in 1892 by Julius Wolff, a German anatomist and surgeon, as a mathematical law that described the response of bone to mechanical loading. The mathematical aspects of his law do not fully describe the process of mechanically induced bone remodeling; however, the general process, often called bone functional adaptation, is well supported by experimental and comparative studies. Increases in the loading of living bone tissue are known to generate deposition of new bone, which increase mechanical rigidity. Similarly, decreases in mechanical loading, particularly associated with prolonged bed rest or weightlessness, lead to adaptive resorption of bone tissue and a decrease in mechanical rigidity. The basic principles of bone functional adaptation, which stem from Wolff's law, have led to research that demonstrates the existence of differences in the mechanical properties of bone, namely differences between species and associated with locomotion and posture; differences within species and associated with habitual activity and cultural change in the past; and differences among modern humans and associated with patterns of habitual activity during life.
Neuromorphic 3D Integrated Circuit (2017)

In this paper, we proposed to use 3D integration technology to create a neuromorphic hardware system that is compatible with current technology, provides high system speed, high density, massively parallel processing, low power consumption, and small footprint. The Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) used in the 3D neuromorphic structure provide high density integration and energy efficient links for transferring information through multiple neuron layers. This work details how a 3D neuromorphic system is benefited from the redundant TSV with substantial design-area reduction. We discussed the yield and reliability issues and explained the impact in neuromorphic 3D system design. A spiking neuron model is developed for the proposed 3D system. Furthermore, a new methodology have been proposed by introducing oxide around the bump that could significantly enhance the TSV capacitance in 3D Neuromorphic Computing (NC) system.