gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a Photoactivatable Taxol Analogue to Identify Unique Cellular Targets in Murine Macrophages: Identification of Murine CD18 as a Major Taxol-Binding Protein and a Role for Mac-1 in Taxol-Induced Gene Expression (1999)

Taxol, a potent antitumor agent that binds beta-tubulin and promotes microtubule assembly, results in mitotic arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. More recently, Taxol was shown to be a potent LPS mimetic in murine, but not in human macrophages, stimulating signaling pathways and gene expression indistinguishably from LPS. Although structurally unrelated to LPS, Taxol's LPS-mimetic activities are blocked by inactive structural analogues of LPS, indicating that despite the species-restricted effects of Taxol, LPS and Taxol share a common receptor/signaling complex that might be important in LPS-induced human diseases. To identify components of the putatively shared Taxol/LPS receptor, a novel, photoactivatable Taxol analogue was employed to identify unique Taxol-binding proteins in murine macrophage membranes. Seven major Taxol-binding proteins, ranging from approximately 50 to 200 kDa, were detected. Although photoactivatable Taxol analogue failed to bind to CD14, the prominent Taxol-binding protein was identified as CD18, the approximately 96-kDa common component of the beta2 integrin family. This finding was supported by the concomitant failure of macrophage membranes from Mac-1 knockout mice to express immunoreactive CD18 and the major Taxol-binding protein. In addition, Taxol-induced IL-12 p40 mRNA was markedly reduced in Mac-1 knockout macrophages and anti-Mac-1 Ab blocked secretion of IL-12 p70 in Taxol- and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Since CD18 has been described as a participant in LPS-induced binding and signal transduction, these data support the hypothesis that the interaction of murine CD18 with Taxol is involved in its proinflammatory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined Copper(I) Complexes for Click Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. One Click Beyond (2011)

Abstract Review: 141 refs.
Dynamic MIPS rate stabilization in out-of-order processors (2009)

Today's microprocessor cores reach high performance levels not only by their high clock rate but also by the concurrent execution of a large number of instructions. Because of the relationship between power and frequency, it becomes attractive to run an OoO (Out-of-Order) core at a frequency lower than its nominal frequency in the context of embedded or real-time systems. Unfortunately, whereas OoO pipelines have high average throughput, their highly variable and hard-to-predict execution rate makes them unsuitable for real-time systems with hard or even soft deadlines. In this paper, we demonstrate that the execution time of an OoO processor can be stable and predictable by controlling its MIPS (Mega Instructions Per Second) rate via a PID (Proportional, Integral, and Differential gain) feedback controller and DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling). The stabilized processor uses much less power per committed instruction, because of the reduced average frequency. The EPI (Energy Per Instruction) is also cut by an average of 28% across our benchmark programs. Since a stable MIPS rate is maintained consistently with lower power/energy per instruction, OoO processors stabilized by a feedback controller can realistically be deployed in real-time systems. To demonstrate this capability we select a subset of the MiBench benchmarks that displays the widest execution rate variations and stabilize their MIPS rate in the context of a 1GHz Pentium III-like microarchitecture.
Organizational factors affecting knowledge sharing capabilities in e-government: an empirical study (2004)

E-government, a concept that emerged in the late 1990s, is facing challenging opportunities for improving public service delivery to individual citizens. The Internet, the World Wide Web, and other digital tools are transforming the ways in which business, the public, and government communicate, and altering citizen demand for government service delivery (Council for Excellence in Government [CEG], 2000; Stowers, 2002; Strover & Straubhaar, 2000). Public expectations for fast and convenient service delivery and institutional needs for efficiency are motivating agencies to experiment with e-government ventures (CEG, 2000; Center for Technology in Government [CTG], 1999; National Electronic Commerce Coordinating Council [NECCC], 2000a). Modesitt (2002) and Greeves (2000) are among a growing number of researchers taking note of government use of the Internet, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Web technologies to establish external collaboration, civic engagement, networking, and customer service. E-government services are clearly expanding and will continue to do so; the speed at which the expansion occurs will be limited only by the speed at which technical and financial capacities evolve and organizational/managerial philosophies emerge.
Multi-scale structural similarity index for motion detection (2016)

The most recent approach for measuring the image quality is the structural similarity index (SSI). This paper presents a novel algorithm based on the multi-scale structural similarity index for motion detection (MS-SSIM) in videos. The MS-SSIM approach is based on modeling of image luminance, contrast and structure at multiple scales. The MS-SSIM has resulted in much better performance than the single scale SSI approach but at the cost of relatively lower processing speed. The major advantages of the presented algorithm are both: the higher detection accuracy and the quasi real-time processing speed.
Enhanced In-Source Fragmentation in MALDI-TOF-MS of Oligonucleotides Using 1,5-Diaminonapthalene (2012)

The capability to rapidly and confidently determine or confirm the sequences of short oligonucleotides, including native and chemically-modified DNA and RNA, is important for a number of fields. While matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used previously to sequence short oligonucleotides, the typically low fragmentation efficiency of in-source or post-source decay processes necessitates the accumulation of a large number of spectra, thus limiting the throughput of these methods. Here we introduce a novel matrix, 1,5-diaminonapthalene (DAN), for facile in-source decay (ISD) of DNA and RNA molecular anions, which allows for rapid sequence confirmation. d-, w-, and y-series ions are prominent in the spectra, complementary to the (a-B)- and w- ions that are typically produced by MALDI post-source decay (PSD). Results are shown for several model DNA and RNA oligonucleotides, including combinations of DAN-induced fragmentation with true tandem TOF MS (MS/MS) for pseudo-MS(3) and "activated-ion PSD."
<title>Dispersive white-light profilometer</title> (1994)

We demonstrate a new type of a white light profilometer which combines a two-beam Fizeau- type interferometer with a grating spectrometer to realize absolute measurements of the surface profile with high accuracy. Two evaluation methods are discussed and the experimental results show that a measurement repeatability of 0.4 nm can be reached.
Design, Synthesis and Anti-Proliferative Activities of 2,6-Substituted Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine Derivatives Containing Electrophilic Warheads (2017)

Thieno[3,2-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine as an effective pharmacophore has been extensively studied. However, its 2,6-substituted derivatives are rarely reported. In the present study, eighteen 2,6-substituted thieno[3,2-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine derivatives containing electrophilic warheads were designed based on the first known Fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR4) inhibitor Blu9931. Unexpectedly, all of the derivatives exhibited negligible activity against FGFR4. However, most of the target compounds exhibited antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines, including A431, NCI-H1975, Ramos and SNU-16. Compound <b>12</b> showed the most potent antiproliferative activities on the above four cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.4 μM, 1.2 μM, 0.6 μM, and 2.6 μM, respectively. Additionally, the antiproliferative activity of <b>12</b> against MDA-MB-221 proved that <b>12</b> had the selectivity towards certain tumor cell lines. Furthermore, preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis was discussed based on the experimental data.
A novel efficient soft output demodulation algorithm for high order modulation (2004)

Combining Turbo-codes and high order modulation is a simple but effective way to improve the bandwidth efficiency. Since the Turbo decoder requires binary soft decisions as the input information, the demodulator has to provide bit level soft information (LLR) to it. In this paper, a novel simplified algorithm to calculate LLR is developed, which will remarkably reduce the computational complexity, and has nearly no performance loss.
Design of star-shaped molecular architectures based on carbazole and phosphine oxide moieties: towards amorphous bipolar hosts with high triplet energy for efficient blue electrophosphorescent devices (2010)

With a carbazole moiety as the electron donor and a phosphine-oxide moiety as the electron acceptor, two novel star-shaped bipolar hosts, 4,4′,4″-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylphosphine oxide (TCTP) and 3,6-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9-(4′-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)carbazole (TPCz), have been designed and synthesized. Their topology structure differences are that the phosphine-oxide moiety is located in the molecular centre and the periphery for TCTP and TPCz, respectively. The star-shaped architecture imparts them with high decomposition temperatures (Td: 497 °C for TCTP and 506 °C for TPCz) and results in the formation of a stable amorphous glassy state (Tg: 163 °C for TCTP and 143 °C for TPCz), while the phosphine oxide linkage ensures the disrupted conjugation and the high triplet energy (>3.0 eV). In addition, both TCTP and TPCz possess a bipolar transporting capability. However, TCTP mostly transports holes and TPCz primarily conducts electrons. On the basis of appropriate device configurations, high performance blue electrophosphorescent devices with comparable efficiency (35.0–36.4 cd A−1, 15.9–16.7%) have been realized using TCTP and TPCz as the host for the blue phosphor, respectively. Compared with the unipolar host, 4,4′,4″-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA, 15.9 cd A−1, 7.8%), the efficiency is improved by more than two-fold. As far as the obtained state-of-the-art performance is concerned, we think that these novel materials should provide an avenue for the design of amorphous bipolar hosts with high triplet energy used for blue PhOLEDs on a star-shaped scaffold.
The Simple Economics of Optimal Auctions (1989)

We show that the seller's problem in devising an optimal auction is virtually identical to the monopolist's problem in third-degree price discrimination. More generally, many of the important results and elegant techniques developed in the field of mechanism design can be reinterpreted in the language of standard micro theory. We illustrate this by considering the problem of bilateral exchange with privately known values.
Glycated Albumin in Serum and Dialysate of Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1993)

1. Chronic use of hyperosmolar glucose solutions in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis may cause glycation of peritoneal structural proteins which could contribute to membrane dysfunction and ultrafiltration failure. To determine whether glycation can occur in the environment of the dialysate, we have carried out studies using albumin as a model protein. 2. Glycated albumin was measured in the serum and dialysate of 46 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (31 non-diabetic patients, 15 diabetic patients). Dialysate and serum glycated albumin (ranges 1.0-12.7% and 0.9-10.2%, respectively) were related to each other (r = 0.988, P < 0.001), but dialysate glycated albumin was significantly higher than serum glycated albumin (P < 0.0001), with the dialysate to serum glycated albumin ratio being greater than unity in 76% of patients (mean ratio 1.14). This implies either preferential transfer of glycated albumin across the peritoneal membrane or intraperitoneal glycation during the dwell period. 3. In vitro, significant glycation occurred in dialysate during a 6 h incubation period (P < 0.01) at a rate related to the glucose concentration in the dialysate (rs = 0.63, P < 0.05). The glycation rate was not significantly affected (P = 0.05) by factors other than the glucose concentration. 4. Our results demonstrate that protein glycation occurs within the peritoneum during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Further studies are required to establish the relationship of glycation of structural proteins in the peritoneal membrane to membrane function.
On the Optical Properties of the Imidazolium Ionic Liquids (2005)

Room-temperature ionic liquids, particularly those based on substituted imidazolium cations, are currently being extensively studied for a variety of applications. Herein, we explore the suitability of several imidazolium salts in optical applications by carefully examining the electronic absorption and fluorescence behavior of these substances, generally believed to be transparent in most of the UV region and fully transparent in the visible region. It is shown that all imidazolium ionic liquids are characterized by significant absorption in the entire UV region and a long absorption tail that extends into the visible region. These absorption characteristics are attributed to the imidazolium moiety and its various associated structures. When excited in the UV or early part of the visible region, these liquids exhibit fluorescence, which covers a large part of the visible region and shows dramatic excitation wavelength dependence. The excitation wavelength dependent shift of the fluorescence maximum has been rationalized taking into consideration the existence of the various associated structures of the ionic liquids and the inefficiency of the excitation energy-transfer process between them. The results imply that these liquids may have serious drawbacks in some of the optical studies.
Acoustic and data-driven features for robust speech activity detection (2012)

In this paper we evaluate different features for speech activity detection (SAD). Several signal processing techniques are used to derive acoustic features that capture attributes of speech useful in differentiating speech segments in noise. The acoustic features include short-term spectral features, long-term modulation features both derived using Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (FDLP), and joint spectro-temporal features extracted using 2D filters on a cortical representation of speech. Posteriors of speech and non-speech from a trained multi-layer perceptron are also used as data-driven features for this task. These feature extraction techniques form part of an elaborate feature extraction front-end where information spanning several hundreds of milliseconds of the signal are used along with heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction. Processed feature outputs from the proposed front-end are used to train SAD systems based on Gaussian mixture models for processing of speech from multiple languages transmitted over noisy radio communication channels under the ongoing DARPA Robust Automatic Transcription of Speech (RATS) program. The proposed front-end performs significantly better than standard acoustic feature extraction techniques in these noisy conditions.
Quantitative Analysis of Protein Deposits on Hydrophilic Soft Contact Lenses: I. Comparison to Visual Methods of Analysis. II. Deposit Variation among FDA Lens Material Groups (1991)

Patient-worn lenses (N = 1058) were evaluated using both the Rudko method for deposit typing and a quantitative assay for adsorbed protein. The visible deposit typing results were compared to the values obtained by the quantitative assay. The Rudko method for deposit classification was found to be a poor quantitative measure of deposited protein. Statistical differences were found between protein levels on lenses with identical Rudko scores among the FDA lens groups. In many cases, no meaningful correlation was found between Rudko scores and protein levels for lenses within the same FDA lens group. Significant differences in the distribution of visible deposits (Rudko scores) were found among the four FDA lens groups. Significant differences were also found in the quantity of adsorbed protein among FDA lens groups.
Biometric Digital Health Technology for Measuring Motor Function in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from a Feasibility and Patient Satisfaction Study (2017)

iMotor differentiated PD subjects from HCs using simple alternating tasks of motor function. Results of this feasibility study should be replicated in larger, longitudinal, appropriately designed, controlled studies. The impact on patient care of at-home iMotor-assisted remote monitoring also deserves further evaluation.
Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids* (2020)

This chapter reports a class of molecular spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanostructures. These nano-sized single molecules are synthesized from T8 polyoctahedral silsesquioxane and buckminsterfullerene C60 scaffolds, modified with 8 and 12 pendant DNA strands, respectively. All SNAs studied thus far are inherently polydisperse, either by virtue of their core materials or the extent of surface modification, or both. A survey of the literature suggests that, in developing a strategy for making molecularly well-defined SNAs, it is important to design an architecture where the oligonucleotide density and orientation can be highly controlled. A symmetric malonic ester linker, bis(azidotetraethylene glycol) malonate, was first prepared in three steps. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.
Distillation with secondary reflux and vaporization: A comparative evaluation (1977)

Abstract A novel distillation scheme which makes use of secondary reflux and vaporization to enhance thermal efficiency is presented. Low operating temperatures, close boiling mixture, and tight product specifications appear to favor this scheme over the conventional distillation. Computer simulation indicates a potential utility reduction of 50 to 75%.
Imaging of urea using chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer at 1.5T (2000)

The purpose of this study was to screen for slow proton chemical exchange between water and kidney metabolites using a standard clinical 1.5-T scanner. Imaging was performed using a fast spin-echo sequence with a magnetization transfer (MT) preparation pulse train. Off-resonance saturation ranging from +/-50 to +/-1000 Hz was used on urea and urine phantoms and normal human subjects imaged through the kidneys. The positive frequency was used as the control for each frequency pair. Results of frequency sweeps show an asymmetric MT effect peaking at approximately 100 Hz ( thick similar1 ppm) for urea, urine, and renal parenchyma. Varying differences (5%-25%) occurred with different human subjects. Few differences were observed from phantom water or subject muscle tissue. Chemical exchange is detectable in the kidney near 1 ppm at 1.5 T, attributable to urea. This technique was used to produce in vivo distribution maps of this metabolite in vivo.
Content-validation of Messages and Policy assurances for a Security-Proxy supporting Grid services (2005)

Today Grid computing is an important technology that allows scientists and engineers to solve large and complex problems, to work in complex and heterogeneous environments, and to cooperate in various new ways. In Grid environments integrate distributed computing resources, networks, scientific instruments, data archives and databases, and visualization environments. The virtualization of these resources results in resource environments allowing the dynamic generation of Virtual Organizations (VO) to increase the productivity and quality of scientific work. This work describes a security concept for securing Grid Services in a Firewalled environment. The main aspect of this concept is a security gateway which performs content based checks on incoming Grid requests. This is an application level gateway and it checks SOAP messages of Grid Service requests and decides on the application level (OSI level 7) whether the message should pass the gateway or be blocked. In combination with packet filtering, provided by usual rewall solutions, and encrypted data transfer methods, this allows a shared secured use of Grid resources, separated by security gateways. This can be accomplished without changing the respective Grid middleware and without increasing security risks to an unacceptable level (e. g., by opening network ports). The work on this topic led to the conclusion that with an appropriate concept, modern services based distributed environments can be secured. This concept includes the use of Firewalls and security proxies.
Dopamine D4 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Production Does Not Affect Prolactin Regulation* (1997)

Under physiological conditions, PRL synthesis and secretion are predominantly under negative control by dopamine acting through dopamine D2 receptors present in the pituitary lactotroph cells. To investigate the role of D4 receptors in the regulation of PRL synthesis and secretion, we stably transfected the human D4 receptor complementary DNA into the somatomammotrophic cell line GH4C1. The pharmacological characteristics of D4 expressed in GH4C1 were in close agreement with previous D4 receptor studies in Chinese hamster ovary and COS-7 cells. In GH4C1 cells, activation of D4 receptor variants (D4.2, D4.4, and D4.7) resulted in a similar level of reduction in forskolin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated cAMP levels (33% and 50%, respectively). In addition, the forskolin-stimulated activity of cAMP response elements fused to the VIP promoter driving the lacZ reporter gene could be blocked by D4 activation. However, quinpirole treatment had a minimal effect on transiently expressed luciferase reporter gene driven by a proximal PRL promoter in one of the D4-expressing cell lines. In contrast, the dopamine D2short receptor expressing GH4ZR7 cells treated with quinpirole displayed a significant decrease (51.3 +/- 4.1%) in PRL promoter activity. VIP-stimulated PRL release was not affected by D4 receptor activation, whereas in GH4ZR7 cells, a significant decrease in VIP-stimulated PRL levels was observed. Neither PRL promoter activity nor PRL secretion levels were affected in control untransfected GH4C1 cells. From this study it appears that although the D4 receptor may be expressed in the anterior pituitary, it does not have a major effect on PRL promoter activity or PRL secretion in GH4C1 cells despite its ability to reduce cAMP production. This might explain why D4- over D2-preferring antipsychotics such as clozapine do not cause hyperprolactinemia.
YEATS domain: Linking histone crotonylation to gene regulation (2016)

Recent research reveals that the YEATS domains preferentially recognize crotonylated lysines on histones. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that enable this recognition and the biological significances of this interaction. The dynamics of histone crotonylation and its potential roles in the regulation of gene expression will also be discussed.