gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soils (1991)

Pure-water filtration membranes are often fouled by bacterial biofilms. Antibacterial coatings for preventing biofilm formation on such membranes should not rely on leaching of inhibiting compounds but should only be effective on surface contact. Certified assays for antibacterial coatings do not sufficiently exclude leaching effects and involve nutrient-rich cultivation media that do not correspond to conditions in pure-water systems. In this study, a two-step bioluminescence assay was developed for optimizing an antibacterial coating of PES/PVP ultrafiltration hollow-fiber membranes with a polydopamine as a sustainable, bio-inspired material for preventing bacterial biofilm formation. In the first step, leaching of the antimicrobial coating was analyzed by a bioluminescence assay with supernatants generated by washing coated membranes. In the second step, bioluminescence of bacterial biofilms on coated and uncoated membranes was measured using a nutrient-poor medium resembling site-specific conditions. Based on this bioluminescence assay, an optimized protocol for the coating process could be established by acidic polymerization of dopamine using 2 g/L sodium periodate and 4 g/L dopamine at 40 °C for 20 min reaction time. With coatings produced in this way, bioluminescence was reduced on coated membranes only while the corresponding supernatants exhibited no inhibitory effects.
Epitaxial Growth of III-Nitrides on Silicon Substrates (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Laser Doppler vibrometer employing active frequency feedback (2008)

We present a heterodyne Michelson interferometer for vibration measurement in which feedback is used to obviate the need to unwrap phase data. The Doppler shift of a vibrating target mirror is sensed interferometrically and compensated by means of a voltage-controlled oscillator driving an acousto-optic modulator. For frequencies within the servo bandwidth, the oscillator control voltage provides a direct measurement of the target velocity. Outside the servo bandwidth, phase-sensitive detection is used to evaluate high-frequency displacements. This approach is of great interest for the frequently-occurring situation where vibration amplitudes at low frequency exceed an optical wavelength, but knowledge of the vibration spectrum at high frequency is important as well.
A Process for Multi‐level Copper‐polyimide High Density Interconnect Structures, Flex Circuits and TAB Tape (1990)

This paper describes a process for fabricating high density multilayer polyimide‐metal interconnect structures for packaging applications such as multichip carriers, flex circuits and multiconductor TAB tape. The process combines the advantages of a semi‐additive via process, such as the uniformity of the electroplated vias and the ability to produce vertical stacked‐up vias, with a processing sequence that does not require a temporary plating mask for vias or a planarisation/via‐top‐exposure step. The key idea behind the process is the fact that all of the circuitry in a multilayer interconnect is electrically connected to the upper conductor layer. This allows building the interconnect upside down on a temporary substrate using a continuous bottom level metallisation as an electrode for plating all level vias. This layer eventually becomes the upper conductor. After the processing is complete, the multilayer interconnect structure is either released from the temporary substrate, resulting in a multilevel multichip interconnect. After the multilevel structure is released, the continuous metal, which was on the bottom, is patterned with the upper conductor pattern, isolating the individual circuits. As an example, a process sequence for building a three‐metal‐layer substrate with 5 ?m by 30 ?m copper conductors, 50 ?m by 50 ?m square vias with 15 ?m interlayer polyimide is presented along with electrical test data. The process can be extended to producing mixed‐geometry multiconductor tape structures for TAB that result in tape frames with controlled conductor properties, and offer the potential for finer geometries for TAB fingers than are now available through conventional TAB tape processes.
Metallic sulfide additives for positive electrode material within a secondary electrochemical cell. [Fe sulfide electrode with sulfide additives of Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, Mn] (1976)

An improved active material for use within the positive electrode of a secondary electrochemical cell includes a mixture of iron disulfide and a sulfide of a polyvalent metal. Various metal sulfides, particularly sulfides of cobalt, nickel, copper, cerium and manganese, are added in minor weight proportion in respect to iron disulfide for improving the electrode performance and reducing current collector requirements. 5 fig., 4 tables.
Dielectric Response of Adaptive Piezoelectric Sensoriactuators (2000)

Abstract This paper closely examines the nature of the dielectric response of piezoceramics that are used as Adaptive Piezoelectric Sensoriactuators (APSAs). Firstly, it is demonstrated that he APSA possesses real time structural health monitoring abilities, based on the capacitance measurement of the piezoceramic. Secondly, nonideal behavior including lossy, hysteretic, and field dependence is measured in the piezoceramics and a method mitigating some of this response in the Adaptive Piezoelectric Sensoriactuator is proposed.
A Fully Human Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibody to the Wnt Receptor RYK (2013)

RYK is an unusual member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family that is classified as a putative pseudokinase. RYK regulates fundamental biological processes including cell differentiation, migration and target selection, axon outgrowth and pathfinding by transducing signals across the plasma membrane in response to the high affinity binding of Wnt family ligands to its extracellular Wnt inhibitory factor (WIF) domain. Here we report the generation and initial characterization of a fully human inhibitory monoclonal antibody to the human RYK WIF domain. From a na ve human single chain fragment variable (scFv) phage display library, we identified anti-RYK WIF domain-specific scFvs then screened for those that could compete with Wnt3a for binding. Production of a fully human IgG 1k from an inhibitory scFv yielded a monoclonal antibody that inhibits Wnt5a-responsive RYK function in a neurite outgrowth assay. This antibody will have immediate applications for modulating RYK function in a range of settings including development and adult homeostasis, with significant potential for therapeutic use in human pathologies.
A Basic Multimedia Quality Model (2004)

This paper describes two experiments designed to develop a basic multimedia predictive quality metric. In Experiment 1, two head and shoulder audio-video sequences were used for test material. Experiment 2 used one of the head and shoulder sequences from Experiment 1 together with a different, high-motion sequence. In both experiments, subjects assessed the audio quality first, followed by the video quality and finally a third test evaluated multimedia quality. The results of these studies found that human subjects integrate audio and video quality together using a multiplicative rule. A regression analysis using the subjective quality test data from each experiment found that: 1) for head and shoulder content, both modalities contribute significantly to the predictive power of the resultant model, although audio quality is weighted slightly higher than video quality and 2) for high-motion content, video quality is weighted significantly higher than audio quality.
Influenza virosomes as a combined vaccine carrier and adjuvant system for prophylactic and therapeutic immunizations (2007)

Influenza virosomes are an efficient antigen carrier and adjuvant system that are approved for the use in human vaccines. Structurally, virosomes are spherical vesicles of approximately 150 nm in diameter, composed of a lipid membrane with integrated envelope proteins derived from influenza virus, predominantly hemagglutinin. The particle structure, together with the functions of hemagglutinin--receptor binding, pH-dependent fusion activity and immunostimulation--is responsible for the adjuvant effect of virosomes. In contrast to most other virus-like particles, virosomes are semisynthetic particles reconstituted in vitro from lipids and from virus-derived proteins. The production process has proven to be robust at industrial scale and fully compatible with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines. At the same time, the formulation procedure is sufficiently flexible to allow modifications of the composition and structure for the intended use, including the positioning of the antigens of interest.
Robust Transmission for Massive MIMO Downlink with Imperfect CSI (2017)

In this paper, the design of robust linear precoders for the massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink with imperfect channel state information (CSI) is investigated. The imperfect CSI for each UE obtained at the BS is modeled as statistical CSI under a jointly correlated channel model with both channel mean and channel variance information, which includes the effects of channel estimation error, channel aging and spatial correlation. The design objective is to maximize the expected weighted sum-rate. By combining the minorize-maximize (MM) algorithm with the deterministic equivalent method, an algorithm for robust linear precoder design is derived. The proposed algorithm achieves a stationary point of the expected weighted sum-rate maximization problem. To reduce the computational complexity, two low-complexity algorithms are then derived. One for the general case, and the other for the case when all the channel means are zeros. For the later case, it is proved that the beam domain transmission is optimal, and thus the precoder design reduces to the power allocation optimization in the beam domain. Simulation results show that the proposed robust linear precoder designs apply to various mobile scenarios and achieve high spectral efficiency.
17.3: Study of Light Emission Mechanism and Long Lifetime in Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Graded Doping Structure (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we describe the light emission mechanism of phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes(PHOLED) using graded doping structure and multilayer emitting structure to get high efficiency and long lifetime by charge confinement in the emission layer. The efficiency and lifetime of the PHOLEDs could be improved by graded doping structure and charge confinement structure.
Strigolactones (2007)

As obligate biotrophic symbionts, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi must efficiently recognize their host plant to insure their survival and complete their life cycle. Recent works have shown that some root secreted molecules, the strigolactones, activate the presymbiotic growth of AM fungi at extremely low concentrations. These compounds, derived from carotenoid biosynthesis, induce the mitochondrial metabolism of the fungus. The hypothesis that strigolactones are important plant recognition signals for AM fungi was further supported in this study by using maize seedlings treated with fluridone, an upstream inhibitor of the carotenoid metabolism. We showed that mycorrhization of the treated seedlings was significantly reduced, but restored by the addition of GR24, a strigolactone analogue. Similar results were obtained with the y9 mutant of maize defective in an upstream step of carotenoid synthesis. These data provide additional evidence that strigolactones may be essential symbiotic signals for the establishment of AM symbiosis.
Temporal modulation of synchrotron x-rays using torsional MEMS mirrors (2012)

We demonstrate the use of electrostatically driven micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices to control and deliver synchrotron x-ray pulses at high repetition rates. Torsional MEMS micromirrors, rotating at duty cycles of 2 kHz and higher, were used to modulate grazing-incidence x rays, producing x-ray bunches shorter than 10 μs. We find that dynamic deformation of the oscillating micromirror is a limiting factor in the duration of the x-ray pulses produced, and we describe plans for reaching higher operating frequencies using mirrors designed for minimal deformation.
Sequence analysis, pathogenicity and cytokine gene expression patterns associated with fowl adenovirus infection (2012)

The family Adenoviridae consists of five genera, including the genus Aviadenovirus, which infects avian species. The genus Aviadenovirus currently comprises five fowl (Fowl adenovirus A-E), one falcon (Falcon adenovirus A), and one goose (Goose adenovirus) adenovirus species. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) have a worldwide distribution. Some are associated with diseases such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), while FAdV species C serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been associated with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS). In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of fowl adenovirus serotype 8 (FAdV-8) was determined. The full genome was 44,055 nucleotides (nt) in length, with an organization similar to that of the FAdV-1 and FAdV-9 genomes. No regions homologous to early regions E1, E3, and E4 of mastadenoviruses were recognized Pathogenicity of FAdV-8 and FAdV-4 were studied in specific-pathogen-free chickens following oral and intramuscular inoculations. Pathogenicity was determined on the basis of clinical signs and gross and histological lesions. Additionally, virus shedding and viral genome copy numbers in liver, cecal tonsil, and bursa of Fabricius were determined. The role of interleukins (IL) in the pathogenicity of and immune response to FAdVs is unknown. Therefore, in a chicken experiment, interferon-γ, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-8 gene expression was evaluated following FAdV-8 and FAdV-4 infection. Cytokine gene expression was examined in the liver, spleen, and cecal tonsils. This study explored the ability of fowl adenoviruses to subvert the host cell’s secretion of cytokines in response to infection as an important viral mechanism for immune evasion during infection. Variations in virulence of FAdVs are likely to be determined by the fiber alone as shown by Pallister et al. (1996). Therefore, we compared and analyzed the nt and amino acid (aa) sequences of the fiber gene of pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdVs representing species groups D (FAdV-11) and E (FAdV-8). According to our data, virulence might not be associated only with sequence of the fiber gene. This work is a continuation of our efforts towards better understanding of the molecular biology of FAdVs and the pathogenesis of the disease, with an emphasis on the role of interleukins, an unknown area.
Nano-Imprint Fabrication of Injectable, Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Vehicles (2005)

Nanofabrication techniques are developed to create well-defined and characterized drug delivery devices that overcome the limitations of current methods. Our approach is to use novel, top-down nano-fabrication technologies, including thermal nano-imprinting and step-and flash imprint lithography (S-FIL), coupled with stimuli-responsive polymer membranes to develop injectable nanocontainers that can release drug only in response to specific physiological signals at specific cellular locations.
Creating panoramas on mobile phones (2007)

Image stitching is used to combine several images into one wide-angled mosaic image. Traditionally mosaic images have been constructed from a few separate photographs, but nowadays that video recording has become commonplace even on mobile phones, it is possible to consider also video sequences as a source for mosaic images. However, most stitching methods require vast amounts of computational resources that make them unusable on mobile devices. We present a novel panorama stitching method that is designed to create high-quality image mosaics from both video clips and separate images even on low-resource devices. The software is able to create both 360 degree panoramas and perspective-corrected mosaics. Features of the software include among others: detection of moving objects, inter-frame color balancing and rotation correction. The application selects only the frames of highest quality for the final mosaic image. Low-quality frames are dropped on the fly while recording the frames for the mosaic. The complete software is implemented on Matlab, but also a mobile phone version exists. We present a complete solution from frame acquisition to panorama output with different resource profiles that suit various platforms.
A new multiplierless correlator for timing synchronization in IEEE 802.11a WLANs (2003)

Timing synchronization for IEEE 802.11a WLANs requires using a correlator to correlate the received signal with a known waveform. Straightforward implementation of this correlator results in the need to perform 320 million complex multiplications per second. This significant requirement can be eliminated by using multiplierless correlators. In this paper, multiplierless correlators are designed based on constraining the real and imaginary parts of the correlator coefficients to be sums of powers of two. Sets of coefficients that yield good synchronization performance for simple AWGN channels are first identified; then their suitability for indoor communication environments is verified by simulation for multipath fading channels. Several multiplierless correlators are found. Comparison among these correlators identifies a good one that is required to perform only 26 addition/subtraction operations to generate one correlator output while a similar synchronization performance can be maintained.
A microphone array for hearing aids (2001)

A directional acoustic receiving system is constructed in the form of a necklace including an array of two or more microphones mounted on a housing supported on the chest of a user by a conducting loop encircling the user’s neck. Signal processing electronics contained in the same housing receives and combines the microphone signals in such a manner as to provide an amplified output signal which emphasizes sounds of interest arriving in a direction forward of the user. The amplified output signal drives the supporting conducting loop to produce a representative magnetic field. An electroacoustic transducer including a magnetic field pick-up coil for receiving the magnetic field is mounted in on the user’s ear and generates an acoustic signal representative of the sound of interest. The microphone output signals are weighted (scaled) and combined to achieve desired spatial directivity responses. The weighting coefficients are determined by an optimization process. By bandpass filtering the weighted microphone signals with a set of filters covering the audio frequency range and summing the filtered signals, a receiving microphone array with a small aperture size is caused to have a directivity pattern that is essentially uniform over frequency in two or three dimensions. This method enables the design of highly directive hearing instruments, which are comfortable, inconspicuous, and convenient to use. The invention provides the user with a dramatic improvement in speech perception over existing hearing aid designs, and particularly in the presence of background noise and reverberation.
ChemInform Abstract: LEWIS ACID CATALYZED RACEMIZATION OF CHRYSANTHEMOYL CHLORIDE (1985)

Abstract Mit Lewis‐Säuren wie BCI, werden Chrysanthemumsäurechloride (I) und (II) in ein Gleichgewichts‐ " gemisch aus (Ia), (Ib), (IIa) ,und (IIb) übergeführt.
Image based measurements for evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse (2013)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements are essential for the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse given the inaccuracy of clinical examination. However, MRI pelvic floor measurements are currently performed manually and can be inconsistent and time-consuming. In this paper, we present a scheme for semi-automatic measurement modeling on MRI based on image segmentation and intersecting point identification methods. The segmentation algorithm is a multi-stage mechanism based on block grouping, support vector machine classification, morphological operation and prior shape information. Block grouping is achieved by classifying blocks as bone or background based on image texture features. The classified blocks are then used to find the initial segmentation by the first phase morphological opening. Prior shape information is incorporated into the initial segmentation to obtain the final segmentation using registration with the similarity type transformation. After segmentation, points of reference that are used for pelvic floor measurements are identified using morphological skeleton operation. The experiments on the MRI images show that the presented scheme can detect the points of reference on the pelvic floor structure to determine the reference lines needed for the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse. This will lead towards more consistent and faster pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis on dynamic MRI studies, and possible screening procedures for predicting predisposition to pelvic organ prolapse by radiologic evaluation of pelvic floor measurements.
Tension‐Activated Delivery of Small Molecules and Proteins from Superhydrophobic Composites (2017)

The fabrication and performance of mechanically responsive multilayer superhydrophobic composites are reported. The application of tensile strain triggers the release of small molecules and proteins from these composites, with different tensile strain magnitudes and coating thickness influencing agent release. These mechanoresponsive composites consist of an absorbent drug core surrounded by an electrosprayed superhydrophobic protective coating that limits drug release in the absence of tensile strain. Coating thickness and applied tensile strain control release of chemotherapeutic cisplatin and enzyme β-galactosidase, as measured by atomic absorption and UV-vis spectrophotometry, respectively, with preserved in vitro activity. Such mechanically responsive drug delivery devices, when coupled to existing dynamic mechanical forces in the body or integrated with mechanical medical devices, such as stents, will provide local controlled dosing.
Diffractive network-based single-pixel machine vision (2021)

We report a single-pixel machine vision framework based on deep learning-designed diffractive surfaces to perform a desired machine learning task. The object within the input field-of-view is illuminated with a broadband light source and the subsequent diffractive surfaces are trained to encode the spatial information of the object features onto the power spectrum of the diffracted light that is collected by a single-pixel detector in a single-shot. We experimentally demonstrated the all-optical inference capabilities of this single-pixel machine vision platform by classifying handwritten digits using 3D-printed diffractive layers and a plasmonic nanoantenna-based time-domain spectroscopy setup operating at THz wavelengths.
Electromyographic Reflex Responses to Mechanical Force, Manually Assisted Spinal Manipulative Therapy (2001)

This is the first study demonstrating neuromuscular reflex responses associated with MFMA spinal manipulative therapy in patients with low back pain. Noteworthy was the finding that such mechanical stimulation of both the paraspinal musculature (transverse processes) and spinous processes produced consistent, generally localized sEMG responses. Identification of neuromuscular characteristics, together with a comprehensive assessment of patient clinical status, may provide for clarification of the significance of spinal manipulative therapy in eliciting putative conservative therapeutic benefits in patients with pain of musculoskeletal origin.