gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
51.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Viewing‐Angle Compensation of TN‐ and ECB‐LCD Modes by Using a Rod‐Like Liquid Crystalline Polymer Film (2007)

Abstract We have developed a liquid crystalline retardation film technology by using a rod‐like liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) for various LCD modes. In particular, considerable improvements in viewing angle performance have been achieved for the Twisted Nematic (TN) and the transmissive/transflective Electrically Controlled Birefringence (ECB) modes by using hybrid aligned nematic film ‘NH Film’.
Geothermal hydrogen sulfide removal (1981)

UOP Sulfox technology successfully removed 500 ppM hydrogen sulfide from simulated mixed phase geothermal waters. The Sulfox process involves air oxidation of hydrogen sulfide using a fixed catalyst bed. The catalyst activity remained stable throughout the life of the program. The product stream composition was selected by controlling pH; low pH favored elemental sulfur, while high pH favored water soluble sulfate and thiosulfate. Operation with liquid water present assured full catalytic activity. Dissolved salts reduced catalyst activity somewhat. Application of Sulfox technology to geothermal waters resulted in a straightforward process. There were no requirements for auxiliary processes such as a chemical plant. Application of the process to various types of geothermal waters is discussed and plans for a field test pilot plant and a schedule for commercialization are outlined.
Binary multiplication radix-32 and radix-256 (2002)

Multipliers are used at many different places in microprocessor design. As the non-memory sub-blocks of the microprocessor with the largest size and delay, multipliers have a big impact on the cycle time of the microprocessor. Targeting deeper pipelines and higher clock frequencies, there is a growing demand for multiplier designs that can be split into shorter stages. For this purpose, the use of Booth recoding has been a popular method to cut down the number of partial products in a multiplier to reduce the delay of the partial product accumulation and to simplify the partition of the multiplier into several shorter stages. The complexity to pre-compute an increasing number of digit multiples of the multiplicand within the multiplier unit limits the use of Booth recoding mainly to radices 4 and 8. We propose novel encoding schemes for the implementation of higher radix multiplication. In particular we consider multiplication radix-32 and radix-256. The features provide more flexible multiplier designs that can be implemented in shorter pipeline stages. We compare the proposed designs with multipliers that use traditional Booth recoding.
Automated catheter detection in volumetric ultrasound (2013)

Ultrasound guided catheter insertion is a common procedure in current clinical practice, but it requires a skilled ultrasound practitioner to correctly acquire the images so that the catheter and tip are well visualized. Automated detection of the catheter location in ultrasound images can help in procedural guidance as well as surveillance of catheter position post placement, especially when the ultrasound imaging is being performed by a non-sonographer. Accurate and fast localization of the catheter is a very challenging task because of the poor observability of the catheter in ultrasound images. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for fast catheter detection in 3D ultrasound images. We begin by generating a catheter-likelihood map using a physical model of the catheter. For fast detection, we perform a greedy optimization, where the likelihood map is projected onto a single image plane using a variation on the maximum-intensity-projection approach. The highest likelihood curves on this plane then help us to determine the curved planes on which the catheter may be located. The potential catheter locations are then detected on these curved planes. We finally apply some post-processing to enable robust detection of the catheter. We illustrate the performance of our proposed method through quantitative comparisons with expert annotations as well as qualitative results on 26 images obtained from 7 subjects (of which 15 are with and 11 are without a catheter).
Controlled convergence of QR least-squares adaptive algorithms-application to speech echo cancellation (2002)

With the increasing use of hands-free audio terminals in communication systems, the realization of a high quality hands-free function still remains a challenging research topic. The use of fast QR least-squares algorithms, combined with a multirate structure, have been proposed in Capman et al. (1995) for good performance and reduced complexity. In this paper, we propose to modify QR least-squares adaptive algorithms in order to control the adaptation process in the context of acoustic echo cancellation. This modification is based on a similar idea developed for fast transversal filters (Slock and Kailath 1991; and Benallal and Gilloire 1989). Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of this modified adaptation process for QR-LS adaptive algorithms.
The chemoattractant chemerin as a natural tumor suppressive cytokine. (2012)

e21071 Background: Infiltration of specialized immune cells regulates the growth and survival of neoplasia. In a survey of public whole genome expression datasets we found that the gene for chemerin, a widely expressed endogenous chemoattractant protein, is downregulated in melanoma as well as other human cancers. Moreover, high chemerin mRNA expression predicted improved outcomes in human melanoma. Methods: Forced re-expression of chemerin by tumor cells was achieved by transfection. An alternate strategy involved direct intratumoral injection of recombinant chemerin into tumors. Tumor line expression of chemerin was confirmed by ELISA and functionality of expressed, secreted chemerin confirmed by chemotaxis of CMKLR1 (the main receptor for chemerin) positive cells. Tumors were evaluated by FACS and immunofluorescence for presence of recruited leukocytes. Results: In studies of the B16 transplantable mouse melanoma, tumor-expressed chemerin inhibited in vivo tumor growth without altering in vitro proliferation. Growth inhibition was associated with an altered profile of tumor infiltrating cells with an increase in natural killers (NK cells), and a relative reduction in myeloid derived suppressor cells and putative immune inhibitory plasmacytoid DC. Tumor inhibition required host expression of CMKLR1, the chemoattractant receptor for chemerin, and was abrogated by NK cell depletion. Intratumoral injection of chemerin also inhibited tumors, suggesting the potential for therapeutic application. Conclusions: We therefore conclude that chemerin recruits anti-tumor immune effector cells, and that it may act as an endogenous tumor suppressor, whose downregulation in melanoma and potentially other neoplasia contributes to immune evasion and tumor growth.
Profiling Bovine Antibody Responses to <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> Infection by Using Protein Arrays (2007)

With the genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis determined, technologies are now being developed for construction of protein arrays to detect the presence of antibodies against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in host serum. The power of this approach is that it enables a direct comparison of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins to each other in relation to their immunostimulatory capabilities. In this study, 93 recombinant proteins, produced in Escherichia coli, were arrayed and spotted onto nitrocellulose. These proteins include unknown hypothetical proteins and cell surface proteins as well as proteins encoded by large sequence polymorphisms present uniquely in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Also included were previously reported or known M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens to serve as a frame of reference. Sera from healthy control cattle (n = 3) and cattle infected with either M. avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium bovis were exposed to the array to identify nonspecific or cross-reactive epitopes. These data demonstrated a degree of cross-reactivity with the M. avium subsp. avium proteins that was higher than the degree of cross-reactivity with the more distantly related M. bovis proteins. Finally, sera from naturally infected cattle (n = 3) as well as cattle experimentally infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 3) were used to probe the array to identify antigens in the context of Johne's disease. Three membrane proteins were the most strongly detected in all serum samples, and they included an invasion protein, an ABC peptide transport permease, and a putative GTPase protein. This powerful combination of genomic information, molecular tools, and immunological assays has enabled the identification of previously unknown antigens of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Controlled light delivery for laser angiosurgery (1986)

Controlled delivery of light is necessary for the precise removal of tissue in laser angiosurgery. We describe an optical fiber laser catheter incorporating a transparent, protective optical shield which provides such control. Tissue removal data characterizing the performance of the device are presented.
Characteristics and Restraining Method of Fast Transient Inrush Fault Currents in Synchronverters (2017)

Large transient inrush fault current in a synchronverter during a short-circuit fault can potentially damage the inverter and cause grid instability. It is therefore important to study the characteristics of and the way to restrain the inrush fault current. This paper investigates the characteristics of the synchronverter inrush fault current and proposes a new control method based on mode switching to protect synchronverters. First, an ideal voltage source inverter instantaneous inrush current calculation method for a grid symmetrical short circuit is discussed. Then, based on the inertia of synchronverter, the approximate calculation of the synchronverter instantaneous inrush current is described. The results show that the synchronverter's inrush current mainly consists of a gradually attenuated periodic component and a dc component when the phased voltage symmetry is lost. In our proposed new control approach, the synchronverter switches to the hysteresis controller to limit the output current quickly while staying connected to the grid, and supporting the grid voltage simultaneously. Simulation and experiment results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Feasibility Assessment of sUAS-Based Automated FOD Detection System (2018)

Airport operations, including foreign object debris (FOD) detection, place a high demand on manpower. At the same time, human (visual) FOD detection is not necessarily reliable. Automation of FOD detection provides an opportunity to improve the detection rate and productivity of manpower. This paper proposes a concept of operations of the automated FOD detection system (AFDS) that employs multiple small multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles carrying commercial-grade electro-optical sensors to scan a runway and compare scan data with a FOD-free image library. The paper presents a graphical-user interface developed for such a system and explains its major functionality, followed by discussing the results of preliminary field assessments of its computational algorithms. Based on these field tests, AFDS overall performance is then evaluated.
Self-calibration of a power pre-amplifier in a digital polar transmitter (2010)

A built-in self-calibration and self-compensation scheme for a digital power pre-amplifier (DPA) of a mobile handset transceiver is proposed. It allows accurate internal measurements of the amplitude and phase distortions experienced in the DPA using the on-chip receiver and processor. A dynamic range of over 60 dB is achieved using multiple gain settings in the receiver. The proposed scheme, in conjunction with the transceiver's digital architecture, is demonstrated in a 65-nm CMOS GSM/EDGE radio, where it allows for accurate and cost-effective self-calibration to be performed in less than 0.1 s.
Reduction of variance in spectral estimates for correction of ultrasonic aberration (2006)

A variance reduction factor is defined to describe the rate of convergence and accuracy of spectra estimated from overlapping ultrasonic scattering volumes when the scattering is from a spatially uncorrelated medium. Assuming that the individual volumes are localized by a spherically symmetric Gaussian window and that centers of the volumes are located on orbits of an icosahedral rotation group, the factor is minimized by adjusting the weight and radius of each orbit. Conditions necessary for the application of the variance reduction method, particularly for statistical estimation of aberration, are examined. The smallest possible value of the factor is found by allowing an unlimited number of centers constrained only to be within a ball rather than on icosahedral orbits. Computations using orbits formed by icosahedral vertices, face centers, and edge midpoints with a constraint radius limited to a small multiple of the Gaussian width show that a significant reduction of variance can be achieved from a small number of centers in the confined volume and that this reduction is nearly the maximum obtainable from an unlimited number of centers in the same volume.
ElectriSense (2010)

This paper presents ElectriSense, a new solution for automatically detecting and classifying the use of electronic devices in a home from a single point of sensing. ElectriSense relies on the fact that most modern consumer electronics and fluorescent lighting employ switch mode power supplies (SMPS) to achieve high efficiency. These power supplies continuously generate high frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) during operation that propagates throughout a home's power wiring. We show both analytically and by in-home experimentation that EMI signals are stable and predictable based on the device's switching frequency characteristics. Unlike past transient noise-based solutions, this new approach provides the ability for EMI signatures to be applicable across homes while still being able to differentiate between similar devices in a home. We have evaluated our solution in seven homes, including one six-month deployment. Our results show that ElectriSense can identify and classify the usage of individual devices with a mean accuracy of 93.82%.
Magnetically Actuated Microscaffold with Controllable Magnetization and Morphology for Regeneration of Osteochondral Tissue (2023)

Magnetic microscaffolds capable of targeted cell delivery have been developed for tissue regeneration. However, the microscaffolds developed so far with similar morphologies have limitations for applications to osteochondral disease, which requires simultaneous treatment of the cartilage and subchondral bone. This study proposes magnetically actuated microscaffolds tailored to the cartilage and subchondral bone for osteochondral tissue regeneration, named magnetically actuated microscaffolds for cartilage regeneration (MAM-CR) and for subchondral bone regeneration (MAM-SBR). The morphologies of the microscaffolds were controlled using a double emulsion and microfluidic flow. In addition, due to their different sizes, MAM-CR and MAM-SBR have different magnetizations because of the different amounts of magnetic nanoparticles attached to their surfaces. In terms of biocompatibility, both microscaffolds were shown to grow cells without toxicity as potential cell carriers. In magnetic actuation tests of the microscaffolds, the relatively larger MAM-SBR moved faster than the MAM-CR under the same magnetic field strength. In a feasibility test, the magnetic targeting of the microscaffolds in 3D knee cartilage phantoms showed that the MAM-SBR and MAM-CR were sequentially moved to the target sites. Thus, the proposed magnetically actuated microscaffolds provide noninvasive treatment for osteochondral tissue disease.
Angular acousto-optical deflection device and spectrum analyzer using such a device (1995)

First Page
Security analysis of radial-based 3D watermarking systems (2014)

To be relevant in copyright protection scenarios, watermarking systems need to provide appropriate levels of security. This paper investigates the security of a popular 3D watermarking method that alters the histogram of distances between the vertices of a surface mesh and its center of mass using a quadratic programming formulation.We study two conventional security mechanisms, namely (i) obfuscating the support of the content used for watermarking and (ii) relying on random projections to obfuscate the watermarking subspace. The different attacks surveyed throughout the paper clearly highlight the limitations of this family of 3D watermarking systems with respect to security.
General Purpose Task-Dependence Management Hardware for Task-Based Dataflow Programming Models (2017)

Task-based programming models such as OpenMP, IntelTBB and OmpSs offer the possibility of expressing dependences among tasks to drive their execution at runtime. Managing these dependences introduces noticeable overheads when targeting fine-grained tasks, diminishing the potential speedups or even introducing performance losses. To overcome this drawback, we present a general purpose hardware accelerator, Picos++, to manage the inter-task dependences efficiently in both time and energy. Our design also includes a novel nested task support. To this end, a new hardware/software co-design is presented to overcome the fact that nested tasks with dependences could result in system deadlocks due to the limited amount of resources in hardware task dependence managers. In this paper we describe a detailed implementation of this design and evaluate a parallel task-based programming model using Picos++ in a Linux embedded system with two ARM Cortex-A9 and a FPGA. The scalability and energy consumption of the real system implemented have been studied and compared against a software runtime. Even in a system limited to 2 threads, using Picos++ results in more than 1.8x speedup and 40% of energy savings in the most demanding parallelizations of real benchmarks. As a matter of fact, a hardware task dependence manager should be able to achieve much higher speedup and provide more energy savings with more threads.
Real-Time Video Analytics: The Killer App for Edge Computing (2017)

Video analytics will drive a wide range of applications with great potential to impact society. A geographically distributed architecture of public clouds and edges that extend down to the cameras is the only feasible approach to meeting the strict real-time requirements of large-scale live video analytics.
Automated tracing and volume measurements of neurons from 3‐D confocal fluorescence microscopy data (1994)

Three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis algorithms and experimental results that demonstrate the feasibility of fully automated tracing of neurons from fluorescence confocal microscopy data are presented. The input to the automated analysis is a set of successive optical slices that have been acquired using a confocal scanning laser microscope. The output of the system is a labelled graph representation of the neuronal topology that is spatially aligned with the 3-D image data. A variety of topological and metric analyses can be carried out using this representation. For instance, precise measurements of volumes, lengths, diameters and tortuosities can be made over specific portions of the neuron that are specified in terms of the graph representation. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated for a set of sample fields featuring selectively stained neurons. Additional work will be needed to refine the method for unsupervised use with complex data involving multiple intertwined neurons and extremely fine dendritic structures.
High Temperature Exposure to Deuterium of Optical Fibers with Bragg gratings (2006)

Germanium doped fibers written with fiber Bragg gratings were treated with deuterium. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that deuterium passivation is not a feasible approach for improving fiber loss stability at 150 °C.
The delay/Doppler radar altimeter (1998)

The key innovation in the delay/Doppler radar altimeter is delay compensation, analogous to range curvature correction in a burst-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Following delay compensation, height estimates are sorted by Doppler frequency, and integrated in parallel. More equivalent looks are accumulated than in a conventional altimeter. The relatively small along-track footprint size is a constant of the system, typically on the order of 250 m for a Ku-band altimeter. The flat-surface response is an impulse rather than the more familiar step function produced by conventional satellite radar altimeters. The radar equation for the delay/Doppler radar altimeter has an h/sup -5/2/(CT)/sup 1/2/ dependence on height h and compressed pulse length /spl tau/, which is more efficient than the corresponding h/sup 3/CT factor for a pulse-limited altimeter. The radiometric response obtained by the new approach would be 10 dB stronger than that of the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter, for example, if the same hardware were used in the delay/Doppler altimeter mode. This new technique leads to a smaller instrument that requires less power, yet performs better than a conventional radar altimeter. The concept represents a new generation of altimeter for Earth observation, with particular suitability for coastal ocean regions and polar ice sheets as well as open oceans.
High-Speed Modulation Analysis of Strongly Injection-Locked Semiconductor Ring Lasers (2011)

A novel scheme for modulation bandwidth enhancement is presented, involving distributed Bragg reflector master laser monolithically integrated with strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry microring laser. Enhanced high-speed performance of the novel scheme is confirmed through numerical modeling by comparing it with an earlier scheme, where optical injection was provided by a waveguide directional coupler adjacent to the ring laser.
ChemInform Abstract: (4 + 2) Cycloadditions of α,β‐Unsaturated Hydrazones to Pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboximides via 1‐(Dimethylamino)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine Derivatives. (1988)

Abstract The cycloaddition of α,β‐unsaturated hydrazones such as (I) or (V) with the maleimide (II) affords 1,4‐dihydropyridines, e.g. (III), which after treatment with an acid yield highly substituted pyridinedicarboximide derivatives such as (IV) or (VI).