gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding molluscan insulin‐related peptide II of <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i> (1991)

A cDNA clone encoding molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP) II was isolated from a cDNA library of the central nervous system (CNS) of the freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, using a heterologous screening with a previously identified MIP cDNA (renamed MIP-I cDNA). The MIP-II cDNA encodes a preprohormone resembling the organization of preproinsulin, with a putative signal sequence, and A and B chains; however, in this case connected by two distinct C peptides, C alpha and C beta, instead of a single C peptide, a phenomenon which represents a new development in the prohormone organization of peptides belonging to the insulin superfamily. The A and B chains of MIP II and I differ remarkably in primary structure; in contrast, the C alpha peptide domains are fully identical. MIP II has only limited sequence similarity with insulins and related peptides. Both MIP II and I exhibit structural features, which make them a unique class of the insulin superfamily. The MIP I and II genes are expressed in a single type of neuron: the growth-controlling neuroendocrine light green cells of the Lymnaea CNS.
Threshold photodetachment of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1991)

The electron affinities of atomic hydrogen and deuterium have been determined by tunable-laser threshold-photodetachment spectroscopy: the electron affinities of H (F=0) and D (F=1/2) are 6082.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 and 6086.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, respectively. The value for H is a 20-fold improvement over previous experimental determinations.
Second harmonic Doppler ultrasound blood perfusion measurement (2003)

In vivo testing of a recently introduced method of evaluating blood perfusion is presented, where the Doppler shift of the second harmonic component of the backscattered echo is measured. Central to this measurement is the administration of a galactose-based contrast agent which has been shown in vitro to exhibit extraordinary nonlinear backscattering properties. In vivo studies on living rabbits are described, in which blood perfusion is manipulated by various mechanisms to obtain some indication of the quantitative ability of the measurement. It is shown that use of the second harmonic measurement results in a greatly superior ratio of blood echo intensity to tissue echo intensity, allowing real-time determination of blood volume fluctuations in tissue. >
Private Header (P-Header) Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Authorization of Early Media (2007)

This document describes a private Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) header field (P-header) to be used by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Telecommunications and Internet-converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks (TISPAN) for the purpose of authorizing early media flows in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS).This header field is useful in any SIP network that is interconnected with other SIP networks and needs to control the flow of media in the early dialog state.
Síndrome de Klinefelter 48 XXYY con debut psiquiátrico (2003)

El sindrome de Klinefelter es la cromosomopatia mas frecuente. Sin embargo su diagnostico en la edad pediatrica es dificil ya que las manifestaciones fenotipicas se desarrollan en la pubertad. La formula cromosomica mas comun es la diploidia X que establece un cariotipo 47 XXY. La variante 48 XXYY es mucho menos frecuente, y tiene como caracteristica clinica diferencial la mayor frecuencia de sintomatologia psiquiatrica y menos alteraciones fenotipicas. Presentamos un paciente varon de 8 anos y seis meses de edad que manifiesta retraso escolar, alteracion en el lenguaje y trastorno de la conducta. En la exploracion fisica destaca: peso en el percentil 60 y talla en el percentil 65, plagiocefalia, torax estrecho, eminencia hipotenar plana, 5o dedo corto y dismetria dedo-nariz y coordinacion y deambulacion inestables. La formula cromosoma revela un cariotipo 48 XXYY.
Nuclear-based techniques for explosive detection (1986)

Abstract The status of bulk explosive detection techniques based on nuclear interrogation methods is reviewed. The desirable characteristics of an operational system capable of meeting the requirements for civil aviation security are compared with what can be expected from nuclear-based techniques. The comparison is limited to those techniques that utilize penetrating neutron and photon probes on the target elements of explosives most likely to be encountered in the airport scenario. The physical properties of a relevant group of explosives are surveyed for unique characteristics that could provide detectable signatures to nuclear-based techniques. A survey of the accessible reactions and their relative detection sensitivities are tabulated for a selection of practical interrogating probes. Some results obtained with systems currently under development are reported.
Optogalvanic stabilization and offset tuning of a carbon dioxide waveguide laser (1982)

A feedback loop employing the change in discharge impedance with output power is used to stabilize the frequency of a CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> waveguide laser. The relatively high operating pressure of the laser combined with a zero offset feature in the feedback loop allows continuous tuning of the stabilized frequency over a 300-400 MHz range.
A Pso-Based Optimum Design Of Pid Controller For A Linear Brushless Dc Motor (2007)

This Paper presents a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for determining the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters, for speed control of a linear brushless DC motor. The proposed approach has superior features, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic and good computational efficiency. The brushless DC motor is modelled in Simulink and the PSO algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. Comparing with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method, the proposed method was more efficient in improving the step response characteristics such as, reducing the steady-states error; rise time, settling time and maximum overshoot in speed control of a linear brushless DC motor.
Solvent Effect on Mobility and Photostability of Organic Dyes Embedded inside Silica Sol−Gel Thin Films (2005)

Polarization resolved fluorescence from single molecules was measured from rhodamine 6G (R6G), sulforhodamine B (SRB), Oregon Green 514 (ORG), and didodecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DilC12) embedded in silica sol−gel thin films in contact with water and ethanol. Positively charged R6G was found to be firmly immobilized, regardless of the solvent medium. Despite its net negative charge, zwitterionic SRB was found mostly immobilized in both solvent media. The immobilization of SRB was attributed to a delicate balance of Coulombic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and molecular imprinting effect. While R6G showed a significant decrease in photostability in a solvent medium because of enhanced solvent interactions, hydrogen bonding appeared to effectively retard the molecular motions of solvated SRB such that its photostability exceeded those in dry films. The mobility of negatively charged ORG was found to be moderately enhanced through repulsion, but Coulombic force was not as influential as hydrophobic interaction, which was responsible for the high mobility found for DiIC12 in dry films. When in water and ethanol, the hydrophobic chains of DiIC12 were pushed by the solvent toward the less polar silica matrix, forcing DiIC12 to the solid−liquid interface and transforming a substantial amount of tumbling DiIC12 into intermediate DiIC12. Since the photostability of DiIC12 is closely related to the dynamics associated with its hydrophobic chains, DiIC12 in both water-covered and ethanol-covered films displayed comparable photostability because of the similar silica environment surrounding the hydrophobic chains.
Reaction of 2‐carboxy‐1‐methylindole‐3‐acetic acid anhydride with amines and with <i>S</i>‐methylisothiosemicarbazide (1982)

Abstract 2‐Carboxy‐1‐alkylindole‐3‐acetic acid anhydrides (I) condensed with S ‐methylisothiosemicarbazide in DMF to form 5,11‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐2‐methylthioindolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrido[1,2‐ b ]‐ s ‐triazol‐5‐one (II). Compound II underwent ring opening on refluxing with sodium hydroxide solution to give IV. The anhydride I reacted with primary amines in benzene to give 2‐carboxy‐1‐alkylindole‐3‐acetanilide derivatives (VI) which yielded l‐methylindole‐3‐acetic acid by decarboxylation followed by hydrolysis. Compound II oxidised to the diketo compound X which could be prepared by the hydrolysis of the azomethine derivative IX with acetic acid‐hydrochloric acid mixture. Compound II reacted with benzyl chloride to yield the dibenzyl derivative XII, condensed with p ‐chlorobenzaldehyde to form the 11‐ p ‐chlorobenzylidene derivative XI and coupled with arenediazonium salt to give the 11‐arylhydrazone derivatives XIII.
Resolution Strategies as Decision Procedures (1976)

The resolution principle, an automatic inference technique, is studied as a possible decision procedure for certain classes of first-order formulas. It is shown that most previous resolution strategies do not decide satisfiability even for “simple” solvable classes. Two new resolution procedures are described and are shown to be complete (i.e. semidecision procedures) in the general case and, in addition, to be decision procedures for successively wider classes of first-order formulas. These include many previously studied solvable classes. The proofs that a complete resolution procedure will always halt (without producing the empty clause) when applied to satisfiable formulas in certain classes provide new, and in some cases more enlightening, demonstrations of the solvability of these classes. A technique for constructing a model for a formula shown satisfiable in this way is also described.
Remarks on quaternion neural network based controller with application to an inverted pendulum (2014)

In this paper, a quaternion neural network trained by using back-propagation algorithm is applied to controlling an inverted pendulum as a part of utilizing the quaternion neural network for dynamic system control. Experimental results show that the quaternion neural network can control the inverted pendulum with a large initial angle which a state feedback controller can not handle. Moreover, the quaternion framework makes the neural computing more efficient. In the control problem of the inverted pendulum, the quaternion neural network finishes its learning with a fewer number of trails compared with the conventional real number neural network which has a more complex network topology and more parameters in real number being employed. These results indicate the feasibility of using the quaternion neural network for controlling dynamic systems.
A Comparative Study of Three Silicon Nitride Powders, Obtained by Three Different Syntheses (1993)

Three silicon nitride powders are compared. The powder from H.C.\nStarck is produced by the direct nitridation, the UBE powder by\nthe diimde and the A-L powder by the carbothermal process. The differences\nbetween the powders are related to the differences in\nsyntheses. We looked at powder characterisation, mixing with sintering\nand organic additives, shaping, phase transformation, sintering,\nmicrostructure and some related properties of the sintered\nmaterial. The UBE and A-L powder show similar behaviour. The H.C.\nStarck powder behaved different, which could be related to the\nbroad particle size distribution, including particles > 0,5 μm.
Transmembrane Voltage Changes During Unipolar Stimulation of Rabbit Ventricle (1995)

This study tested the prediction of bidomain models that unipolar stimulation of anisotropic myocardium produces transmembrane voltage changes (delta VmS) of opposite signs away from the electrode on perpendicular axes. Stimulation with a strength of 0.1 to 40 mA was applied from a point electrode on the left or right ventricle of isolated perfused rabbit hearts at 37 degrees C to 38 degrees C stained with the potentiometric dye di-4-ANEPPS. A laser scanner system recorded Vm-sensitive fluorescence at 63 spots in an 8 x 8-mm region around the electrode. Cathodal stimulation in the refractory period produced regions of -delta Vm 1 to 5 mm away from the electrode on an axis oriented parallel to the fast propagation axis to within 1.8 +/- 11 degrees (P > or = .7 for difference versus zero, n = 7). Recording spots in these regions underwent + delta Vm when anodal stimulation was used. At recording spots on the slow propagation axis, cathodal stimulation produced + delta Vm and anodal stimulation produced -delta Vm. During diastolic stimulation, early excitation occurred near the electrode for cathodal stimulation or on the fast propagation axis as fas as 2.8 +/- 1 mm away from the electrode for anodal stimulation. A "dog-bone" region of + delta Vm that included tissue near and away from the electrode on the slow propagation axis occurred when cathodal stimulation was given in diastole. Regions of + delta Vm occurred away from the electrode on the fast propagation axis when anodal stimulation was given in diastole. Thus, delta Vm differs in regions along and across myocardial fibers, indicating that delta Vm depends on anisotropic bidomain properties. Sites of early excitation are those where + delta Vm occurs, indicating that membrane channel excitation depends on the distribution of delta Vm.
XANES and XPS Study of Silica-Modified Titanias Prepared by the Glycothermal Method (2005)

Silica-modified titania with the anatase structure having high thermal stabilities was prepared by the glycothermal method, and XANES and XPS techniques were applied for investigating the local structure of Si atoms in these samples. For comparison, two silica-modified titania samples were prepared by impregnation of TEOS or silica sol on titania. The surface concentration of Si atoms in the glycothermal product, as determined by XPS, was smaller than those of the reference samples prepared by the impregnation method, suggesting that in the glycothermal product silicon atoms are highly dispersed in the anatase matrix. The Si K-edge XANES spectra of the glycothermal products exhibited a main peak at 1847.1 eV due to the tetrahedrally coordinated Si atoms. However, a shoulder peak at 1849 eV was detected, which was attributed to the octahedrally coordinated Si atoms. The proportion of the latter component in the glycothermal product was larger than those in the reference samples and became large as the Si content decreased. These results clearly indicate the formation of the silica−titania solid solution. The thermal stabilization effects of Si atoms are discussed in detail.
Pharmacological effects of introducing a double bond into a binding site of oxytocin. Analogs with L-3,4-dehydroproline in position 7 (1977)

The side chain of the proline residue in position 7 of oxytocin has been proposed as a binding site of the hormone for the uterotonic receptor. This is the first in a series of studies in which the possibility is explored that amino acid residues located at such sites and bearing unsaturated side chains may contribute more strongly to binding than neutral, aliphatic side chains. To test this hypothesis [7-(L-3,4-dehydroproline)]oxytocin, [1-beta-mecaptopropionic acid,7-(L-3,4-dehydroproline)]oxytocin, and [1-L-alpha-hydroxy-beta-mercaptopropionic acid,7-(L-3,4-dehydroproline)]oxytocin were prepared by the solid-phase technique of peptide synthesis. Some of the pharmacological properties of the analogues were determined, and the following specific activities, respectively, were found: rat uterotinic, 1071 +/- 59, 1066 +/- 95, 880 +/- 180; avian vasodepressor, 548 +/- 10, 1008 +/- 42, 1295 +/- 62; rat antidiuretic 5.9 +/- 0.2, 23.3 +/- 1.1, 76.7 +/- 2.3. All analogues possess a lower rat pressor activity than ocytocin. Compared to oxytocin, [7-(L-3,4,-dehydroproline)]oxytocin exhibits a parallel displacement of the cumulative uterotonic log dose vs. response curve toward lower concentration (pD2 = 9.26 vs. 8.63) but elicits the same maximum response. These data would seem to support the hypothesis that the introduction of unsatuation into binding element of a peptide hormone can enhance the affinity of the hormone for some of its receptors and thereby its selectivity.
Wireless over cable for energy-efficient femtocell systems (2010)

Recently, network architectures based on high-density cells with reduced transmit power have been claimed as a promising solution for energy efficiency enhancement. Cell size reduction down to the range 10-50 m is the paradigm of femtocells, based on low-cost, user-deployed in-house base stations connected to the operator's core network through DSL links. However, in dense urban scenarios, radio interference arising from multiple femtocells sharing the same spectrum can result in detrimental throughput degradation, with the straightforward consequence of increasing the effective amount of consumed energy per delivered information bit. In this paper, capitalizing on the Distributed Antennas System (DAS) paradigm, we propose a new Wireless over Cable architecture for femtocells (named FemtoWoC architecture) as a green solution that prevents the need of xDSL equipments for connections over cable, and enhances throughput performances through centralized resource management and interference mitigation for multiple femtocells. Benefits of the FemtoWoC solution with respect to the conventional scheme are investigated through simulations by accounting for a realistic LTE cellular deployment.
Cell and matrix morpho‐functional analysis in chondrocyte micromasses (2005)

Micromass cultures represent a convenient means of studying chondrocyte physiology in the context of a tridimensional culture model. In this study, we present the first ultrastructural analysis of the distribution and organization of the extracellular components in micromasses in comparison with their cartilaginous counterparts. Primary chondrocytes obtained from osteoarthritis patients were pelleted in micromasses. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the distribution of major extracellular matrix proteins, i.e., aggrecan, chondroitin-4-sulfate, chondroitin-6-sulfate, and collagen I and II. Both approaches revealed a number of morphological features shared by micromass and cartilage chondrocytes. In particular, in micromasses, chondrocytes are in close contact with an organized extracellular matrix that adequately mimics that of cartilage. Cells were observed to establish specialized junctions for cell-extracellular matrix crosstalk. Noteworthy, cells seem endowed in a chondroitin sulfate-rich microenvironment, and thus possibly ensuring the immobilization of chemokines, a family of molecules emerging in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, in a haptotactic-like gradient to the chondrocytes, which facilitates the binding to their receptors. To determine the suitability of this model to investigate osteoarthritis pathogenesis, a potential apoptotic stimulus (endothelial IL-8) was used, and ultrastructural analysis assessed apoptosis induction. Micromass cultures were proved to be an experimental technique providing a large number of properly differentiated chondrocytes, and thus allowing reliable biochemical and morphological studies. They represent, therefore, a novel approach to osteoarthritis investigation that promises more thorough understanding of chondrocyte physiology in osteoarthritis.
DNA double-strand break repair in ascomycetes (2012)

Condensed chromatin hinders proteins from accessing the DNA, hence posing a block to processes like DNA repair. In this study, we investigate how histone modifications influence DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. We show that blocking phosphorylation of serine 129 of histone H2A impairs DSB-repair, probably by reducing the efficiency of homologous recombination (HR). The lysine residues of histone H3 and H4 are subjected to reversible acetylation and methylation and we exchanged the lysines for either arginine (mimicking non-acetylated lysine) or glutamine (mimicking acetylated lysine). A histone H3 mutant with five N-terminal lysines exchanged for arginine showed reduced gene conversion and perturbed cell cycle progression. Leaving a single lysine residue intact was sufficient for protecting cells from DNA damage. In addition, exchanging the five lysines for glutamine did not result in these defects, indicating that one lysine residue in the histone H3 N-terminus must be acetylated for efficient DSB-repair. We find no evidence for that histone modification reduces the efficiency of nonhomologous end joining. Furthermore, the histone H3 K9, 14, 18, 23, 27R mutation is not defective in transcription of DSB repair genes indicating that the defects we observe in DSB-repair is unlikely to be due to indirect regulatory effects. These findings indicate that both histone H2A phosphorylation and histone H3 acetylation is important for the efficiency of the HR-pathway.
Phosphoinositide Regulation of Integrin Trafficking Required for Muscle Attachment and Maintenance (2011)

Muscles must maintain cell compartmentalization when remodeled during development and use. How spatially restricted adhesions are regulated with muscle remodeling is largely unexplored. We show that the myotubularin (mtm) phosphoinositide phosphatase is required for integrin-mediated myofiber attachments in Drosophila melanogaster, and that mtm-depleted myofibers exhibit hallmarks of human XLMTM myopathy. Depletion of mtm leads to increased integrin turnover at the sarcolemma and an accumulation of integrin with PI(3)P on endosomal-related membrane inclusions, indicating a role for Mtm phosphatase activity in endocytic trafficking. The depletion of Class II, but not Class III, PI3-kinase rescued mtm-dependent defects, identifying an important pathway that regulates integrin recycling. Importantly, similar integrin localization defects found in human XLMTM myofibers signify conserved MTM1 function in muscle membrane trafficking. Our results indicate that regulation of distinct phosphoinositide pools plays a central role in maintaining cell compartmentalization and attachments during muscle remodeling, and they suggest involvement of Class II PI3-kinase in MTM-related disease.
Functionalised Silver Nanowire Structures (2007)

Crystalline silver nanowires 60-100 nm in diameter and tens of micrometres in length have been fabricated using a low temperature, solution synthesis technique. We explore the potential of this method to produce functional nanowire structures using two different strategies to attach active molecules to the nanowires: adsorption and displacement. Initially, as-produced silver nanowires capped with a uniaxial-growth-inducing polymer layer were functionalised by solution adsorption of a semiconducting conjugated polymer to generate fluorescent nanowire structures. The influence of nanowire surface chemistry was investigated by displacing the capping polymer with an alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer, followed by solution adsorption functionalisation. The success of molecular attachment was monitored by electron microscopy, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We examined how the optical properties of such adsorbed molecules are affected by the metallic nanowires, and observed transfer of excitation energy between dye molecules mediated by surface plasmons propagating on the nanowires. Non-contact dynamic force microscopy measurements were used to map the work-function of individual wires, revealing inhomogeneity of the polymer surface coverage.