gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four and a Half LIM Protein 1C (FHL1C): A Binding Partner for Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.5 (2011)

Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C.
Correlation-based watermarking method for image authentication applications (2004)

We propose a correlation-based digital watermarking technique for robust image pattern authentication. We hide a phase-based signature of the image back into its Fourier magnitude spectrum in the embedding stage. The detector computes the Fourier transform of the watermarked image and extracts the embedded signature. Authentication performance is measured by a correlation test of the extracted signature and the signature computed from the watermarked image. The quality of the watermarked image is obtained from the peak signal-to-noise ratio metric. We also furnish simulation results to show the robustness of our approach to typical image processing as found in JPEG compression
Silsesquioxane Resins as High-Performance Solution Processible Dielectric Materials for Organic Transistor Applications (2002)

Silsesquioxane polymers have been successfully used as the dielectric layer in organic field-effect transistors (FETs) deposited on robust, plastic substrates. Performance comparable to that found with silicon substrates having SiO2 as the active dielectric layer was observed with six p- and n- channel organic semiconductors. These organopolysiloxane materials can be deposited using conventional liquid coating technologies and are compatible with non-photolithographic microcontact printing. Their low curing temperature permits the use of a variety of low-cost plastic materials as substrates in FET devices. These findings have facilitated the realization of low-cost, large area plastic electronics.
Design method for sensing body of differential pressure transmitter using silicon diaphragm-type pressure sensor (1995)

This paper describes a design method for the three-diaphragm-type sensing body of a differential pressure transmitter. This sensing body protects the silicon diaphragm-type pressure sensor from over-pressure. The design method includes information on how to decide the stiffness of each metal diaphragm and the liquid quantity needed to fill the sensing body. The differential pressure transmitter, with significant stabilities, has zero-influence errors of static pressure and over-pressure of less than -0.2% and /spl plusmn/0.1%, respectively, and is obtained at a measuring span of 25 kPa and a line pressure of 15 MPa.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fiber Shaft-Chimeric Adenovirus Vectors Lacking the KKTK Motif Efficiently Infect Liver Cells In Vivo (2007)

The molecular mechanisms governing the infectivity of adenovirus (Ad) toward specific cell and tissue types in vivo remain poorly understood. The direct Ad binding to hepatic heparan sulfate proteoglycans via the KKTK motif within the fiber shaft domain was suggested to be the major mechanism of Ad liver cell infection in vivo. Here, we describe the generation and in vitro and in vivo infectivity studies of Ad5-based vectors possessing long Ad31- or Ad41-derived fiber shaft domains, which lack the KKTK motif. We found that all the critical early steps of Ad infection, including attachment to the cellular receptor, internalization, and virus genome transfer into the nucleus, occurred with similar levels of efficiency for fiber shaft-chimeric vectors and unmodified Ad5. Upon intravenous delivery into mice, fiber shaft-chimeric vectors accumulated in liver tissue, transduced liver cells, and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 at levels indistinguishable from those observed for Ad5. Thus, our data provide evidence that the Ad5 fiber shaft amino acid sequence does not play any substantial role in determining adenovirus infectivity toward hepatic cells in vivo. The data obtained contribute to improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms determining Ad infectivity and biodistribution in vivo and may aid in designing novel Ad-based vectors for gene therapy applications.
Calcium Salts for Treating Hypocalcemia: Carrier Effects, Acid-Base Balance, and Oral Versus Rectal Administration (1994)

Oral Ca salt supplements are being used to combat hypocalcemia in dairy cows. The absorption of these Ca supplements is dependent on the salt and carrier used. In the studies presented, the magnitude of the rise in plasma Ca concentration following administration of the Ca preparation was used as an index of Ca absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. Calcium chloride preparations in a water-soluble carrier (propylene glycol) were absorbed more readily than Ca propionate in propylene glycol, but Ca propionate effected a more sustained increase in plasma Ca concentration. Vegetable oil preparations of these salts were poorly absorbed. Calcium chloride preparations induced a significant decrease in blood and urine pH. Calcium propionate salts did not alter acid-base balance. Rectal administration of Ca salts could raise plasma Ca concentration rapidly, but caused serious pathological lesions, precluding their use.
In Vitro Exposure to Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Adducted Protein Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Viability (2002)

Background: Circulating antibodies against malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) haptenated proteins are increased significantly in patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis and hepatitis and are associated with severity of liver damage. Additionally, MAA haptenated proteins are highly immunogenic without the use of adjuvant and have been suggested to induce autoreactive responses. The mechanism of this immunogenicity is currently unknown but may be mediated by cell death in a similar manner as other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, myositis, and Sjögren's disease. Methods: Antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, and hepatocytes were exposed to different levels of MAA haptenated hen egg lysozyme and assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) conversion for viability. Results: The cells investigated in this study were those that potentially may be involved in the development of autoimmune liver damage; they include antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, and cells of the liver itself. Each cell type was found to be sensitive to MAA haptenated protein-induced cell death at levels between 690 μM (10 μg/ml) and 6.9 mM (100 μg/ml), which may be found locally after chronic ethanol consumption. Antigen-presenting cells (macrophage and B cells) were found to be activated at concentrations just under those levels associated with cell death. Conclusions: A dose response to MAA haptenated protein-induced cell death is seen in antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, and hepatocytes in vitro. Recent reports have associated both apoptotic and necrotic cell death with the development of autoimmune disease; thus, it is possible that this may be one mechanism by which in vivo immunogenicity is mediated by aldehyde haptenated proteins.
Inhibition of Quorum Sensing in <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> by Boronic Acids (2009)

Bacterial quorum sensing refers to the ability of bacteria to control gene expression through the detection of a threshold concentration of certain chemicals called autoinducer(s), which are secreted by self and/or other bacteria. Quorum sensing is implicated in the regulation of pathologically relevant events such as biofilm formation, virulence, conjugation, sporulation, and swarming mobility. Inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing are valuable research tools and potential antimicrobial agents. In this paper, we describe the discovery of several boronic acid inhibitors of bacterial quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi with IC(50) values in the low to sub-micromolar range in whole cell assays.
Non-invasive <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Cancer Using Surface-Enhanced Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SESORS) (2019)

<b>Rationale</b>: The goal of imaging tumors at depth with high sensitivity and specificity represents a significant challenge in the field of biomedical optical imaging. 'Surface enhanced Raman scattering' (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed as image contrast agents and can be used to specifically target cells <i>in vivo.</i> By tracking their unique "fingerprint" spectra, it becomes possible to determine their precise location. However, while the detection of SERS NPs is very sensitive and specific, conventional Raman spectroscopy imaging devices are limited in their inability to probe through tissue depths of more than a few millimetres, due to scattering and absorption of photons by biological tissues. Here, we combine the use of "Spatially Offset Raman spectroscopy" (SORS) with that of "surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy" (SERRS) in a technique known as "surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy" (SESO(R)RS) to image deep-seated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors <i>in vivo</i> in mice through the intact skull. <b>Methods</b>: A SORS imaging system was built in-house. Proof of concept SORS imaging was achieved using a PTFE-skull-tissue phantom. Imaging of GBMs in the RCAS-PDGF/N-tva transgenic mouse model was achieved through the use of gold nanostars functionalized with a resonant Raman reporter to create SERRS nanostars. These were then encapsulated in a thin silica shell and functionalized with a cyclic-RGDyK peptide to yield integrin-targeting SERRS nanostars. Non-invasive <i>in vivo</i> SORS image acquisition of the integrin-targeted nanostars was then performed in living mice under general anesthesia. Conventional non-SORS imaging was used as a direct comparison. <b>Results</b>: Using a low power density laser, GBMs were imaged via SESORRS in mice (n = 5) and confirmed using MRI and histopathology. The results demonstrate that via utilization of the SORS approach, it is possible to acquire clear and distinct Raman spectra from deep-seated GBMs in mice <i>in vivo</i> through the skull. SESORRS images generated using classical least squares outlined the tumors with high precision as confirmed via MRI and histology. Unlike SESORRS, conventional Raman imaging of the same areas did not provide a clear delineation of the tumor. <b>Conclusion</b>: To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of <i>in vivo</i> SESO(R)RS imaging. In a relevant brain tumor mouse model we demonstrate that this technique can overcome the limitations of conventional Raman imaging with regards to penetration depth. This work therefore represents a significant step forward in the potential clinical translation of SERRS nanoparticles for high precision cancer imaging.
Ghost artifact cancellation using phased array processing (2001)

In this article, a method for phased array combining is formulated which may be used to cancel ghosts caused by a variety of distortion mechanisms, including space variant distortions such as local flow or off-resonance. This method is based on a constrained optimization, which optimizes SNR subject to the constraint of nulling ghost artifacts at known locations. The resultant technique is similar to the method known as sensitivity encoding (SENSE) used for accelerated imaging; however, in this formulation it is applied to full field-of-view (FOV) images. The method is applied to multishot EPI with noninterleaved phase encode acquisition. A number of benefits, as compared to the conventional interleaved approach, are reduced distortion due to off-resonance, in-plane flow, and EPI delay misalignment, as well as eliminating the need for echo-shifting. Experimental results demonstrate the cancellation for both phantom as well as cardiac imaging examples.
An octave-range watt-level fully integrated CMOS switching power mixer array for linearization and back-off efficiency improvement (2009)

In this paper, a wideband watt-level fully-integrated CMOS power amplifier (PA) for non-constant modulation been demonstrated. The output currents of sixteen power mixer cores are combined at their drains, where the non-constant envelope RF signal is regenerated.
Tandem Ion Trap Design with Enhanced Mass Analysis Capabilities for Large Populations of Ions (2011)

A new arrangement consisting of two separate radio frequency (rf) quadrupole ion traps is used to analyze large populations of ions over a wide mass-to-charge (m/z) range. The setup consists of an "accumulation" trap that is maintained at a higher pressure than the second high-performance "analyzer" trap. The two traps are scanned simultaneously, with a mass difference between that determines the residence time and mass range of ions in the analytical trap. Initially, all ions are trapped in the accumulation trap and then mass-selectively ejected into the analyzer trap. As ions arrive in the analyzer trap, they cool through collisions with the buffer gas and then are mass selectively ejected toward the detector. This concurrent linked mass scanning reduces the total number of ions present in the analyzer trap during mass analysis, thereby reducing space charge effects and leading to improved resolution and mass accuracy of analytical spectra.
Advanced Reservoir Imaging Using Frequency-Dependent Seismic Attributes (2007)

Our report concerning advanced imaging and interpretation technology includes the development of theory, the implementation of laboratory experiments and the verification of results using field data. We investigated a reflectivity model for porous fluid-saturated reservoirs and demonstrated that the frequency-dependent component of the reflection coefficient is asymptotically proportional to the reservoir fluid mobility. We also analyzed seismic data using different azimuths and offsets over physical models of fractures filled with air and water. By comparing our physical model synthetics to numerical data we have identified several diagnostic indicators for quantifying the fractures. Finally, we developed reflectivity transforms for predicting pore fluid and lithology using rock-property statistics from 500 reservoirs in both the shelf and deep-water Gulf of Mexico. With these transforms and seismic AVO gathers across the prospect and its down-dip water-equivalent reservoir, fluid saturation can be estimated without a calibration well that ties the seismic. Our research provides the important additional mechanisms to recognize, delineate, and validate new hydrocarbon reserves and assist in the development of producing fields.
Optimal Signal Constellation Design for Ultra-High-Speed Optical Transport in the Presence of Phase Noise (2014)

An optimal signal constellation design algorithm suitable for the phase noise channels is proposed, in which the cumulative log-likelihood-function is used as the optimization criterion. The signal constellations obtained by this algorithm significantly outperform conventional QAM.
A robust waveguide millimeter-wave noise source (2015)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a millimeter-wave noise source for the 160-210 GHz frequency range. The noise source has been implemented in an E-split-block waveguide package and the internal circuitry was developed on a quartz substrate. The measured excess noise ratio at 200 GHz is 9.6 dB.
Analysis of Membrane Protein Complexes Using the Split-Ubiquitin Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid System (2009)

Recent research has begun to elucidate the global network of cytosolic and membrane protein interactions. The resulting interactome map facilitates numerous biological studies, including those for cell signalling, protein trafficking and protein regulation. Due to the hydrophobic nature of membrane proteins such as tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, membrane bound phosphatases and transporters it is notoriously difficult to study their relationship to signaling molecules, the cytoskeleton, or any other interacting partners. Although conventional yeast-two hybrid is a simple and robust technique that is effective in the identification of specific protein-protein interactions, it is limited in its use for membrane proteins. However, the split-ubiquitin membrane based yeast two-hybrid assay (MYTH) has been described as a tool that allows for the identification of membrane protein interactions. In the MYTH system, ubiquitin has been split into two halves, each of which is fused to a protein, at least one of which is membrane bound. Upon interaction of these two proteins, the two halves of ubiquitin are reconstituted and a transcription factor that is fused to the membrane protein is released. The transcription factor then enters the nucleus and activates transcription of reporter genes. Currently, large-scale MYTH screens using cDNA or gDNA libraries are performed to identify and map the binding partners of various membrane proteins. Thus, the MYTH system is proving to be a powerful tool for the elucidation of specific protein-protein interactions, contributing greatly to the mapping of the membrane protein interactome.
Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Nondestructive Identification of Concealed Damage in Raw Almonds (<i>Prunus dulcis</i>) (2016)

Concealed damage (CD) is defined as a brown discoloration of the kernel interior (nutmeat) that appears only after moderate to high heat treatment (e.g., blanching, drying, roasting, etc.). Raw almonds with CD have no visible defects before heat treatment. Currently, there are no screening methods available for detecting CD in raw almonds. Herein, the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy between 1125 and 2153 nm for the detection of CD in almonds is demonstrated. Almond kernels with CD have less NIR absorbance in the region related with oil, protein, and carbohydrates. With the use of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and selection of specific wavelengths, three classification models were developed. The calibration models have false-positive and false-negative error rates ranging between 12.4 and 16.1% and between 10.6 and 17.2%, respectively. The percent error rates ranged between 8.2 and 9.2%. Second-derivative preprocessing of the selected wavelength resulted in the most robust predictive model.
One-legged Jumping Robot (2006)

This video demonstrates a one-legged robot which moves by repeating jumps. The motions having flight phases such as jumping or running are expected to expand the speed and stability of legged robots. A novel method of determining the Center of Mass (COM) and foot locations is proposed that is independent of the target robot actuators or assignments of joints, and suitable for building an on-line control system. Using the toe joint of the robot, the proposed method can reduce the angular velocities of the joints remarkably. This video includes an experiment to control of the direction, velocity and turning of the robot. In addition, the maximum vertical jumps which have 180[ms] flight phases are shown.
Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials (2011)

Abstract During the past decade electromagnetic metamaterials have realized many exotic phenomena that are difficult or impossible using naturally occurring materials. It is their resonantly enhanced interaction with electromagnetic waves that underpins their attractive qualities, which are increasingly important in the terahertz frequency range. Passive and active terahertz metamaterials and devices have enabled novel functionality and unprecedented terahertz device performance. These demonstrations prove their potential to address the so‐called terahertz gap, a technology vacuum associated with the deficiency of natural materials with a desirable terahertz response.
PTP-NP, a new member of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase family, implicated in development of nervous system and pancreatic endocrine cells (1996)

ABSTRACT The regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is an important mechanism for developmental control. We describe here a new member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, called PTP-NP (for neural and pancreatic). The cDNA sequence indicates a receptor-type transmembrane molecule. At early organogenesis, in situ hybridization with a probe for the PTP-NP extracellular region detects expression confined to the region of the developing pancreas, an organ of medical importance, but poorly understood with regard to molecular mechanisms of developmental control. This localized expression appears early, even before morphological differentiation of the pancreas, and is found in presumptive precursors of the endocrine cells by the earliest times that they can be distinguished. In neural development, an alternate RNA with a different or missing extracellular region is expressed transiently at early stages of neurogenesis and the fulllength PTP-NP RNA appears later. To search for a ligand of PTP-NP, a fusion protein probe was made with the extracellular domain fused to an alkaline phosphatase tag. This probe bound strongly to pancreatic islets, providing evidence for a ligand-receptor interaction that could be involved in endocrine cell regulation. The results show PTP-NP is an especially early marker for pancreatic development and suggest it may be a receptor that could control the development of pancreatic endocrine cells.
Identification and Functional Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cysteine Desulfhydrases (2005)

In Escherichia coli, three additional proteins having L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity were identified as O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-B, and MalY protein, in addition to tryptophanase and cystathionine beta-lyase, which have been reported previously. The gene disruption for each protein was significantly effective for overproduction of L-cysteine and L-cystine. Growth phenotype and transcriptional analyses suggest that tryptophanase contributes primarily to L-cysteine degradation.
Lack of BRAF Mutation in Primary Uveal Melanoma (2003)

These data suggest that BRAF T1796A activating mutation is not common in primary uveal melanoma. These findings are in accord with known differences in tumorigenesis between uveal and cutaneous melanomas.