gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affinity of the New Cephalosporin CXA-101 to Penicillin-Binding Proteins of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2010)

CXA-101, previously designated FR264205, is a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin. The objective of this study was to determine the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) inhibition profile of CXA-101 compared to that of ceftazidime (PBP3 inhibitor) and imipenem (PBP2 inhibitor). Killing kinetics, the induction of AmpC expression, and associated changes on cell morphology were also investigated. The MICs for CXA-101, ceftazidime, and imipenem were 0.5, 1, and 1 microg/ml, respectively. Killing curves revealed that CXA-101 shows a concentration-independent bactericidal activity, with concentrations of 1x the MIC (0.5 microg/ml) producing a > 3-log reduction in bacterial load after 8 h of incubation. Live-dead staining showed that concentrations of CXA-101 as low as 0.5x the MIC stopped bacterial septation and induced an intense filamentation, which is consistent with the documented high affinity of PBP3. CXA-101 was found to be a potent PBP3 inhibitor and showed affinities > or = 2-fold higher than those of ceftazidime for all of the essential PBPs (1b, 1c, 2, and 3). Compared to imipenem, in addition to the obvious inverse PBP2/PBP3 affinities, CXA-101 showed a significantly higher affinity for PBP1b but a lower affinity for PBP1c. Furthermore, CXA-101, like ceftazidime and in contrast to imipenem, was found to be a very weak inducer of AmpC expression, consistent with the low PBP4 affinity documented.
A comprehensive study of named entity recognition in Chinese clinical text (2013)

Our evaluation on the independent test set showed that most types of feature were beneficial to Chinese NER systems, although the improvements were limited. The system achieved the highest performance by combining word segmentation and section information, indicating that these two types of feature complement each other. When the same types of optimized feature were used, CRF and SSVM outperformed SVM and ME. More specifically, SSVM achieved the highest performance of the four algorithms, with F-measures of 93.51% and 90.01% for admission notes and discharge summaries, respectively.
An Energy-Efficient Fast Maximum Power Point Tracking Circuit in an 800-μW Photovoltaic Energy Harvester (2012)

An energy-efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit with a fast-tracking time for use with 800-μW PV energy harvesters is presented in this paper. The proposed MPPT circuit uses a successive approximation register MPPT algorithm, which has a power down mode and a fast tracking time, to achieve low power consumption and energy savings. The prototype MPPT circuit, which consists of analog-based circuits, has been implemented and fabricated in a 0.35-μm BCDiMOS process. The MPPT core occupies an area of 3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 4.6 μW of power. The tracking time is reduced by 69.4% and the stored energy is increased by 31.4% as compared to the conventional hill climbing-based MPPT algorithm under indoor conditions.
Prediction of Relapse or Survival in Patients with Node-Negative Breast Cancer by DNA Flow Cytometry (1989)

More accurate prediction of the prognosis in women with node-negative breast cancer may improve physicians' ability to identify the patients most likely to benefit from systematic adjuvant therapy. With this in mind, we performed DNA flow-cytometric measurements of ploidy and the fraction of cells in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle (S-phase fraction) on 395 specimens of node-negative breast cancer from our bank of frozen tumors, using the aliquots of pulverized frozen tissue from steroid-receptor assays. The median duration of follow-up in patients still alive at the time of analysis was 59 months. Thirty-two percent of the 345 specimens that could be evaluated were diploid, and 68 percent were aneuploid. The probability of disease-free survival at five years was 88 +/- 3 percent in patients with diploid tumors and 74 +/- 3 percent in those with aneuploid tumors (P = 0.02). The S-phase fraction was not a significant additional predictor of disease-free survival in patients with aneuploid tumors. However, the probability of disease-free survival in patients with diploid tumors and low S-phase fractions was 90 +/- 3 percent at five years, as compared with 70 +/- 13 percent in those with diploid tumors and high S-phase fractions (P = 0.007). Similar differences in overall survival were noted. We conclude that DNA flow-cytometric measurements of ploidy and S-phase fraction can be performed on frozen specimens of tumors and are potentially important predictors of disease-free and overall survival in patients with node-negative breast cancer.
Hierarchical Three-Dimensional ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Nanowire Arrays/Carbon Cloth Anodes for a Novel Class of High-Performance Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

Flexible electronics is an emerging and promising technology for next generation of optoelectronic devices. Herein, hierarchical three-dimensional ZnCo(2)O(4) nanowire arrays/carbon cloth composites were synthesized as high performance binder-free anodes for Li-ion battery with the features of high reversible capacity of 1300-1400 mAh g(-1) and excellent cycling ability even after 160 cycles with a capacity of 1200 mAh g(-1). Highly flexible full batteries were also fabricated, exhibiting high flexibility, excellent electrical stability, and superior electrochemical performances.
CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H: Randomized phase III trial of weekly paclitaxel (P) compared to weekly nanoparticle albumin bound nab-paclitaxel (NP) or ixabepilone (Ix) with or without bevacizumab (B) as first-line therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (2012)

CRA1002 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 12:01 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 4, 2012, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2012, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.
An intelligent approach to high quantity automated machining (2011)

Purpose: To investigate the possibility of application of knowledge-based expert systems to facilitate the task of techno-economical feasibility analysis of utilization of special purpose machines for high quantity production tasks. Also, to study the possibility of assisting special purpose machine designers in applying knowledge-based expert systems in the design task in order to reduce required machine design time, improve machine design efficiency, and eliminate possible human errors. Design/methodology/approach: Development of a knowledge-based expert system has been proposed to help decide where to utilize special purpose machines to accomplish the production task. The knowledge-based expert system consists of a rule-base which contains qualitative human knowledge and expertise in the form of if-then rules; and a database which contains qualitative information of machining operations, and characteristics of standardized special purpose machine components. Findings: A case study has been presented where an analysis has been made on the basis of techno-economical considerations for a typical part with three machining operations to be produced in large quantities. It has been concluded that for the given production task, special purpose machines would result in a significant 59% reduction of costs compared to CNC machines, and 95.5% compared to traditional machines. The proposed methodology also reduces the time and effort needed for decision making on utilization of special purpose machines and determination of machine layout. In addition, it minimizes the level of expertise required to perform these functions and eliminates possible human errors. Research limitations/implications: The current system focuses on drilling and drilling-related operations which cover about 60% of all machining operations. More work is needed to cover other machining operations including milling. Also the KBES developed currently works on a standalone basis. Work is in progress to integrate it with a 3D CAD modelling system. Upon completion the information could be directly extracted from the CAD system, eliminating the need for manual data input by the user. Originality/value: In spite of a large number of publications on machine tool design in the literature, publications on special purpose machines are very limited. The method of techno-economical analysis presented here for utilization of special purpose machines in comparison with other production alternatives is of great value to manufacturing engineers and specialists. Also the methodology presented for machine design and implementation is highly valued by machine tool designers and manufacturers.
Site-Directed Immobilization of BMP-2: Two Approaches for the Production of Innovative Osteoinductive Scaffolds (2017)

The regenerative potential of bone is strongly impaired in pathological conditions, such as nonunion fractures. To support bone regeneration various scaffolds have been developed in the past, which have been functionalized with osteogenic growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, most of them required supra-physiological levels of these proteins leading to burst releases, thereby causing severe side effects. Site-specific, covalent coupling of BMP2 to implant materials might be an optimal strategy in order to overcome these problems. Therefore, we created a BMP-2 variant (BMP2-K3Plk) containing a noncanonical amino acid (propargyl-l-lysine) substitution introduced by genetic code expansion that allows for site-specific and covalent immobilization onto polymeric scaffold materials. To directly compare different coupling strategies, we also produced a BMP2 variant containing an additional cysteine residue (BMP2-A2C) allowing covalent coupling by thioether formation. The BMP2-K3Plk mutant was coupled to functionalized beads by a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) either directly or via a short biotin-PEG linker both with high specificity. After exposing the BMP-coated beads to C2C12 cells, ALP expression appeared locally restricted in close proximity to these beads, showing that both coupled BMP2 variants trigger cell differentiation. The advantage of our approach over non-site-directed immobilization techniques is the ability to produce fully defined osteogenic surfaces, allowing for lower BMP2 loads and concomitant higher bioactivities, for example, due to controlled orientation toward BMP2 receptors. Such products might provide superior bone healing capabilities with potential safety advantages as of homogeneous product outcome.
Testing for HCV markers. (1993)

Until 1988 the putative agent of non-A/non-B (NANB) hepatitis had not been found. Research workers of the Chiron Corporation (California, USA) then identified, by "blind expression cloning", polypeptides which specifically bound antibodies present in sera of NANB-patients. A fusion polypeptide (C-100) was expressed in yeast. With the C-100 antigen prototype RIA and ELISA antibody tests were developed. Subsequently more polypeptides (C-200, C33c, C22) of the HCV-genome were added to the test system, resulting in second generation anti-HCV tests with increased sensitivity. For confirmation of HCV ELISA reactive samples, recombinant immunoblot (RIBA-2, Ortho; Innolia, Innogenetics) and dot immunoblot assays (Matrix, Abbott) were developed. Detection of HCV antigens has been hampered by the low virus titres in serum and the absence of free circulating viral antigen(s). However, with cDNA-PCR, applying primers of the highly (> 93% nucleotide homology) conserved 5' untranslated (5'UTR) region of the HCV genome, HCV-RNA in serum as well as in liver tissue can be detected. cDNA-PCR, although not yet commercially available, is useful to confirm HCV-viremia in patients. When chronic hepatitic C patients are treated with anti-viral drugs, the disappearance of HCV-RNA, as detected by PCR, is a measure of therapy response.
Transient immunological and clinical effectiveness of treating mice bearing premalignant oral lesions with PD‐1 antibodies (2016)

A carcinogen-induced premalignant oral lesion model that progresses to oral cancer was used to examine the impact of blocking PD-1 on cytokine expression and on progression of lesions to cancer. The results of this study show increased production of IL-2 and the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α by spleen cells of lesion-bearing mice that were treated with PD-1 antibody for 1 week compared to cytokine production by spleen cells of lesion-bearing mice treated with control antibody. Production of IFN-γ increased at 3 weeks of PD-1 antibody treatment, although production of the other Th1 and inflammatory mediators declined. By 5 weeks, levels of these cytokines declined for both control and PD-1 antibody-treated mice. Flow cytometric analysis for IFN-γ-expressing cells showed shifts in CD4<sup>+</sup> cells expressing IFN-γ consistent with the changes in cytokine secretion. Whether or not treatment generated reactivity to lesions or HNSCC was determined. Spleen cells from PD-1 antibody-treated mice were stimulated by lysates of premalignant lesion and HNSCC tongue tissues to produce increased levels of Th1 and select inflammatory cytokines early in the course of PD-1 antibody treatment. However, with continued treatment, reactivity to lesion and HNSCC lysates declined. Analysis of clinical response to treatment suggested an early delay in lesion progression but, with continued treatment, lesions in PD-1 antibody-treated mice progressed to the same degree as in control antibody-treated mice. Overall, these results show an early beneficial response to PD-1 antibody treatment, which then fails with continued treatment and lesion progression.
Efficient Least-Squares 2-D-Cubic Spline for Concurrent Dual-Band Systems (2015)

This paper presents and compares two types of 2-D cubic-spline (2-D-CS) digital predistorters for linearizing a power amplifier (PA), which is used in dual-band transmitters. In the conventional 2-D-CS representation, the gain functions must be first extracted using an alternate basis, whereas in the proposed 2-D least-squares cubic-spline (2-D-LSCS) approach, a new 2-D-CS basis is introduced such that the basis weights can be extracted directly from the measured data using the least-squares method. The 2-D basis functions are calculated from 1-D basis functions to reduce the signal-processing resource usage in the real-time implementation. A field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) test bench integrating the concurrent dual-band RF system is utilized to verify the linearization performance of the new 2-D-LSCS predistorter. Two different test scenarios involving three carrier-wideband code division multiple access and long-term evolution signals, which are 310 MHz apart, are considered. The experimental results on a 10-W dual-band PA shows that the proposed 2-D-LSCS basis improves the performance up to 3 dB in both the adjacent channel power ratio and normalized mean square error with reduced FPGA resources and faster extraction time when compared to the conventional 2-D memory-polynomial and 2-D-CS approaches.
Additive <i>in vitro</i> effects of anti‐sickling drugs (1994)

To study the effect of anti-sickling drugs on cellular dehydration induced by entry of Ca, sickle cells were subjected to cyclical oxygenation-deoxygenation for 15 h in Ca-containing buffer. The consequential loss of cation (K) via the Ca-dependent K efflux (Gardos) channel caused cell dehydration and loss of deformability. Inhibition of a specific fraction of Ca entry by verapamil had no rheologically protective effect, whereas inhibition of the Gardos channel by clotrimazole or nitrendipine had a marked protective effect. When Gardos channel inhibition (by either clotrimazole or nitrendipine) was combined with stabilization of the oxy-conformation of sickle haemoglobin (by the substituted benzaldehyde 12C79), an additive protective rheological effect was achieved with 60-78% reduction in clogging rate of 5 microns diameter pores when compared with no drug. Therapeutic use of anti-sickling compounds in combination may achieve increased efficacy with lower toxicity.
Comparação entre os valores de pressão arterial aferidos por estudantes de enfermagem e de medicina, em hipertensos sob atendimento ambulatorial (2018)

Resumo Foram investigados os valores de pressão arterial de 54 hipertensos, mensurados no ambulatório, por estudantes de enfermagem e de medicina. O número de medidas com valores mais elevados de pressão arterial, sistólica (p<0,01) e diastólica (p<0,05), foi aferido pelos estudantes de medicina, em relação aos de enfermagem. Quando analisados os valores aferidos em relação aos limites pressóricos de normalidade, PAâ‰¤140x90 mmHg, não houve diferença significante (p>0,05) entre os dois grupos de estudantes. Esta investigação não permite afirmar que o efeito do avental branco possa ser relacionado com o estudante de medicina. Sugere-se a realização de outros estudos que possam comparar os valores das medidas de PA no ambulatório com as verificadas no domicí­lio.Descritores: Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, Determinação da pressão arterial, Hipertensão/diagnóstico, Estudantes de Enfermagem, Estudantes de Medicina
Reduction Effect of Theanine on Blood Pressure and Brain 5-Hydroxyindoles in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1995)

The effect of theanine, one of the components of green tea, on the blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) was investigated by intraperitoneally administering theanine. The effect of glutamine, which is structurally similar to theanine, was also examined. When SHR were injected with various amounts of theanine (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg), the change was dose-dependent, and a significant decrease in blood pressure was observed with the high doses (1500 and 2000 mg/kg). A dose of 2000 mg/kg of theanine did not alter the blood pressure of WKY, while the same dose to SHR decreased it significantly. On the other hand, glutamine administration to SHR did not change either the blood pressure or the heart rate. The brain 5-hydroxyindole level was significantly decreased by theanine administration to both WKY and SHR, the decrease being dose-dependent.
Determination of Moisture in Corn Kernels by Near-Infrared Transmittance Measurements (1978)

ABSTRACT NEAR-infrared transmittance (T) of individual kernels of corn was measured over the spectral region from 700 to 1100 nm. AOD(950-920)nm and dT/T at 936 nm were linearly correlated with percent moisture in the kernel. Standard errors were about 2 percent for corn with moisture ranging from 8 to 35 percent.
Escape from an Optoelectronic Tweezer Trap: experimental results and simulations (2018)

Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) are a microsystem actuation technology capable of moving microparticles at mm s<sup>-1</sup> velocities with nN forces. In this work, we analyze the behavior of particles manipulated by negative dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces in an OET trap. A user-friendly computer interface was developed to generate a circular rotating light pattern to control the movement of the particles, allowing their force profiles to be conveniently measured. Three-dimensional simulations were carried out to clarify the experimental results, and the DEP forces acting on the particles were simulated by integrating the Maxwell stress tensor. The simulations matched the experimental results and enabled the determination of a new "hopping" mechanism for particle-escape from the trap. As indicated by the simulations, there exists a vertical DEP force at the edge of the light pattern that pushes up particles to a region with a smaller horizontal DEP force. We propose that this phenomenon will be important to consider for the design of OET micromanipulation experiments for a wide range of applications.
The neuroscience of primate intellectual evolution: natural selection and passive and intentional niche construction (2008)

We trained Japanese macaque monkeys to use tools, an advanced cognitive function monkeys do not exhibit in the wild, and then examined their brains for signs of modification. Following tool-use training, we observed neurophysiological, molecular genetic and morphological changes within the monkey brain. Despite being 'artificially' induced, these novel behaviours and neural connectivity patterns reveal overlap with those of humans. Thus, they may provide us with a novel experimental platform for studying the mechanisms of human intelligence, for revealing the evolutionary path that created these mechanisms from the 'raw material' of the non-human primate brain, and for deepening our understanding of what cognitive abilities are and of those that are not uniquely human. On these bases, we propose a theory of 'intentional niche construction' as an extension of natural selection in order to reveal the evolutionary mechanisms that forged the uniquely intelligent human brain.
Rücktitelbild: Electrodeposited Cobalt‐Phosphorous‐Derived Films as Competent Bifunctional Catalysts for Overall Water Splitting (Angew. Chem. 21/2015) (2015)

Katalysatoren der Wasserspaltung, spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Y. Sun et al. berichten in der Zuschrift auf S. 6349 ff. über difunktionelle Katalysatoren, die aus elektroabgeschiedenen Cobalt-Phosphor-Filmen erhalten werden und unter stark basischen Bedingungen bei der Wasserstoff- (HER) wie auch der Sauerstoffentwicklung (OER) bemerkenswert gut elektrokatalytisch aktiv sind und an die Leistungsfähigkeit integrierter Pt- und IrO2-Systeme herankommen.
Geology of Hadley Rille. (1972)

The regional setting, external and internal shape, and materials of Hadley Rille near the Apollo 15 landing site are described. The petrography presented includes lithologies, regolith, talus, and outcrops. The stratigraphy exposed on the rille wall is also considered.
Deconvolution reconstruction of full-view and limited-view photoacoustic tomography: a simulation study (2008)

Although many algorithms are available for full-view photoacoustic tomography (PAT), no exact and stable algorithm for limited-view PAT has been proposed. In this paper the deconvolution reconstruction (DR) algorithm is proposed for both full-view and limited-view PAT. In the DR algorithm, first a new function is constructed from detected photoacoustic signals and approximately simplified, and then the tissue's electromagnetic absorption is derived from this function on the basis of Fourier-based deconvolution. Computer simulations are carried out to compare the DR algorithm with two popular PAT algorithms, the time-domain reconstruction (TDR) and the filtered back projection (FBP). Although the error of the DR algorithm increases with the size of the detected object, it is shown that the DR algorithm has good precision and strong robustness to noise in the full-view PAT, nearly equivalent to the TDR and FBP. Yet the DR algorithm is more than ten times faster in computation speed. In the limited-view PAT, the DR is superior to the TDR and FBP in terms of both accuracy and robustness to noise.