gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast muting adaptation for LTE-A HetNets with Remote Radio Heads (2013)

Enhanced Intercell Interference Coordination (eICIC) techniques boost the performance of co-channel deployments of macro and small cells. However, features like the Almost Blank Subframes (ABS) are intended to be semistatically configured, due to the limited amount of information and the intrinsic delay over the X2 inter-cell interface. In this paper we investigate dynamic solutions for the allocation of the muted resources with small cells in the form of Remote Radio Heads (RRH), connected to the macro cell through a low latency interface. A simple eICIC framework for intercell Radio Resource Management in macro-RRH cases is developed. Based on minimal information collection, we propose an algorithm that adjusts the ABS ratio on a fast basis, aiming at balancing the instantaneous load betweeen the macro and the RRH layer. Performance results with bursty traffic and low and high load conditions show that the dynamic algorithm provides gains of 40-50% both in 5%-ile and 50%-ile user throughput compared to the semi-static case.
Contribution of Copper Ion Resistance to Survival of <i>Escherichia coli</i> on Metallic Copper Surfaces (2007)

Bacterial contamination of touch surfaces poses a serious threat for public health. The use of bactericidal surface materials, such as copper and its alloys, might constitute a way to aid the use of antibiotics and disinfectants, thus minimizing the risk of emergence and spread of multiresistant germs. The survival of Escherichia coli on metallic copper surfaces has been studied previously; however, the mechanisms underlying bacterial inactivation on copper surfaces have not been elucidated. Data presented in this study suggest that bacteria are killed rapidly on dry copper surfaces. Several factors, such as copper ion toxicity, copper chelators, cold, osmotic stress, and reactive oxygen species, but not anaerobiosis, influenced killing rates. Strains deleted in copper detoxification systems were slightly more sensitive than was the wild type. Preadaptation to copper enhanced survival rates upon copper surface exposure. This study constitutes a first step toward understanding the reasons for metallic copper surface-mediated killing of bacteria.
Word Dose in the Disruption of Serial Recall by Irrelevant Speech: Phonological Confusions or Changing State? (1996)

Irrelevant background speech disrupts serial recall of visually presented lists of verbal material. Three experiments tested the hypothesis that the degree of disruption is dependent on the number of words heard (i.e. word dose) whilst the task was undertaken. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that more disruption is produced if the word dose is increased, thereby providing evidence to support the experimental hypothesis. It was concluded from the first two experiments that the word-dose effect might be the result of increasing the amount of changing-state information in the speech. The results of Experiment 3 supported this conclusion by showing an interaction between word dose and changing-state information. It was noted however that the results might be explained within the working memory account of the disruptive action of irrelevant speech. A further two experiments cast doubt on this possibility by failing to replicate the finding that the phonological similarity between heard and seen material affects the degree of interference (Salamé & Baddeley, 1982). The findings are discussed in relation to the changing state hypothesis of the irrelevant speech effect (e.g. Jones, Madden, & Miles, 1992).
Miloš Moskovljević o vođstvu Saveza zemljoradnika 1929-1941. Drugi deo: 1935-1941. (2013)

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A Measurement of a large-scale Peer-to-Peer Live Video Streaming System (2007)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies have found much success in applications like file distributions, and its adoption in live video streaming has recently attracted significant attentions. With the emerge of commercial P2P streaming systems that are orders of magnitude larger than the academic systems, understanding its basic principles and limitations are important in the design of future systems. Coolstreaming represented one of the earliest large-scale live streaming trials in the Internet. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental components of the system. By leveraging the recent results obtained from live event broadcast, we develop some basis to demonstrate that a random partnership selection has the potentially to scale. Specifically, first, we examine the overlay topology. Second, using a combination of real traces and analysis, we present the highly skewed distribution of peer contribution; a small fraction of peers contribute most of the upload capacity. Third, we discuss the main limitations and the implications on the scalability.
Studying chromosome-wide transcriptional networks: new insights into disease? (2009)

A large amount of experimental data collected over the last decade has shown that genomic organization is very complex and has highlighted the fact that the current set of gene annotations does not fully capture this complexity. Much of the RNA detected in a cell is found to originate from outside the exons of annotated genes. Exons of annotated and unannotated transcripts separated by large genomic distances can be joined together in chimeric transcripts. Any given base-pair in a genome could be traversed by many protein-coding and non-coding RNAs. We discuss the implications of these effects for our understanding of disease.
The effect of quinidine and its metabolites on the electrocardiogram and systolic time intervals: concentration‐effect relationships. (1981)

1 A combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model has been used to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) and systolic time intervals (STI) and changes in plasma concentration of quinidine after oral and i.v. doses in ten normal subjects. 2 The major effects of quinidine were on cardiac repolarization. Contrary to previous descriptions, we found no important change in the U wave, but the T wave was split into two peaks. The amplitude of these two peaks (T and T') was reduced, and the QT' peak and QT intervals were prolonged. The QT peak interval and systolic intervals did not change appreciably. There were small increases in the PQ and QRS intervals. 3 The effect of quinidine on the QT interval could be explained by a linear pharmacodynamic model. The equilibration between plasma and effect site had a half-time of 8 min. The slope of the pharmacodynamic model was 20.3 ms . mg 1(-1) after i.v. dosing and 33.5 ms . mg 1(-1) after oral dosing. 4 The difference in effect model slopes suggests pharmacologically active metabolites of quinidine are formed during absorption from the gut. 5 The total effect of a single oral dose of quinidine appears to be the same as the same dose given intravenously, even though only 70% of the oral dose reaches the systemic circulation as quinidine.
Studies on the antidiabetic activity of Ananas comosus leaves in STZ induced diabetic rats (2014)

Traditional medicines are originated from plants that do not form the constituents of routine diet. However, most of the medicinal plants have not received proper scientific scrutiny. Ananas comosus is one such plant, traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. Hence, in the present study, an earnest attempt has been made to explore the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Ananas comosus leaves in STZ induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical screening of the Ananas comosus leaves extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterol, glycosides and phenols. The effect of oral administration of Ananas comosus leaves extract (300mg/kg b.w.) on the levels of biochemical parameters were determined in experimental groups of rats. The altered levels of biochemical parameters in the diabetic rats were significantly reverted back to near basal values upon treatment with the leaves extract. The levels of glycogen content, the activities of glycogen metabolizing enzymes were improved upon treatment with the leaves extract. The elevated activities of serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were reduced upon treatment with the extract. The increased levels of lipid peroxides in the plasma and pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats were normalized significantly by the administration of leaves extract. The activities of pancreatic enzymatic and the levels of plasma non-enzymatic antioxidants were markedly declined in the diabetic rats. Upon treatment with leaves extract to diabetic rats, the decreased levels were elevated to near normal values. The results of the study indicate that Ananas comosus leaves extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity which in turn is partially due to its antioxidant nature. The biologically active ingredients present in the Ananas comosus leaves extract may account for the observed pharmacological action.
Effects of group size on goal-directed agents in distributed environments (2002)

A model is presented of a large number of decision-making agents, each of whom maintains a probability distribution for selecting from a set of strategies. The overall effect of these distributions is to cause a fraction of agents over time to select each strategy. An optimal fraction, or goal, exists for each strategy and it is assumed that the agents attempt to move toward the goals, by autonomously adjusting their own distributions. In a successful system, the agents reach equilibrium in their mixed strategies. However, due to the nature of the distributed environment, the agents perform the search process for equilibrium using aged information with respect to other agents probability distributions. A dynamical equation is derived and the analysis shows the group size and information delay that prevent the agents from reaching equilibrium. For large groups, this delay approaches a predictable asymptote implying that intelligent agents should maintain at least this level of communication.
Nonlinearity exponent in low dimensional nanotubes and nanowires (2013)

A scaling formalism is used to analyze non-Ohmic conductance-voltage data in nanowires of an isolated potassium manganese oxide K0.27MnO2·0.5H2O and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and nanotubes of conducting polypyrrole at different temperatures. This scaling analysis provides a single voltage scale for non-Ohmic conduction which scales with Ohmic conductance with an exponent xT, called nonlinearity exponent. A detailed analysis reveals that the onset exponents xT are different in different systems. Non-Ohmic conduction and the nonlinearity exponents in these low-dimensional nanostructures are analyzed within the framework of scaling approach and existing theoretical models.
Rheological and Core Flood Studies of Gelled and In-Situ Gelled Acids (2010)

Abstract Polymer-based acids, which have been used in the field for decades for acid diversion, were examined extensively through the literature. Recent lab work indicated that these acids could cause damage under certain conditions, while field data gave positive and negative results. The behavior of these acids is not fully understood. Permeability enhancement, radius of wormholes, diversion efficiency and damage mechanisms are determined in part by the rheological properties of these acids. Rheology of In-situ gelled acids exhibit strong viscoelastic properties at pH greater than 2. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the elastic and viscous properties of these acids, how these properties change as the acid reacts with carbonate formations, and what their effect on acid diversions. Experimental studies were conducted to measure the rheological properties for polymer-based acids using oscillatory rheometer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the viscoelastic properties were measured for these acids. Measuring the elastic modulus (G') and viscous modulus (G") were done using two tests: Dynamic sweep tests, which were used to define the shear rate dependent response; Creep tests, which were used to define the time depended response. The behavior of gelled acids was independent of pH while the behavior of in-situ gelled acids varied with pH. Gelled and live in-situ gelled acids had weak viscoelastic properties while partially neutralized (pH 3.2) in-situ gelled acid had strong viscoelastic properties. Polymer filter-cake formed in case of gelled acid injection while in-situ gelled acids didn't form any polymer filter-cake. This is because of the in-situ gelled acid formed a thin layer of gel that minimize the leak-off which prevent the build of polymer filter-cake. The strong viscoelastic properties determine the effectiveness of diversion. As elastic properties increases, the formed gel will sustain around the wormhole and plug it. This will force the next acid stage to penetrate the weakest point and change its direction. For gelled acid, the inlet face washout and the polymer filter-cake reduced the core permeability to zero by plugged the core holder inlet during the water flow back. However after removing the plugging effect, a permeability enhancement was much higher than in-situ gelled acids. The wormhole obtained in case of gelled acid was nearly linear and thinner than the wormhole created by in-situ gelled acid. The results obtained can be used to better design matrix acid treatments when polymer-based acids are used in the field.
Oxidative stress in cell culture: an under‐appreciated problem? (2003)

Cell culture studies have given much valuable information about mechanisms of metabolism and signal transduction and of regulation of gene expression, proliferation, senescence, and death. However, cells in culture may behave differently from cells in vivo in many ways. One of these is that cell culture imposes a state of oxidative stress on cells. I argue that cells that survive and grow in culture might use ROS-dependent signal transduction pathways that rarely or never operate in vivo. A further problem is that cell culture media can catalyse the oxidation of compounds added to them, resulting in apparent cellular effects that are in fact due to oxidation products such as ROS. Such artefacts may have affected many studies on the effects of ascorbate, thiols, flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds on cells in culture.
The immune response to fungal challenge (2019)

Fungal infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Despite pharmaceutical advances in antifungal agents, the recovery of a host immune function is fundamental in surviving invasive fungal infection. Greater understanding of how fungal species can evade detection and elimination remains important in future therapeutic implications. This chapter aims to define the known mammalian immune response to fungal diseases with specific examples in the setting of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, this chapter will demonstrate how deficiencies in host immunity predispose to fungal infections.
Diagnostic evaluation of grass‐ and birch‐allergic patients with oral allergy syndrome (2001)

The skin prick test showed an almost optimal diagnostic value with a satisfactory sensitivity (> 89%) and excellent negative predictive value with fresh fruits. When the skin prick test with fresh nut and apple cannot be performed, histamine release is a diagnostic alternative. Histamine release with melon showed lack of specificity. This was probably due to extensive IgE cross-reactivity with pollen, since these patients also responded to recombinant Phl p 1 and Bet v 1. Skin testing and challenges with fresh fruits were safe.
A system for charging of dual voltage level batteries in automotive applications (2007)

The aim of the paper is to present a new system for charging of dual voltage level batteries in automotive applications. The proposed system is built as an arrangement of in induction machine and a bi-directional converter. In a near future, two batteries with different voltages will coexiste on the automotive electrical system board. A first one for power hungry devices, start-up, alternator, auxiliary motors and a second with 14 V for digital, calculation or radio circuits. The two batteries are recharged using a single alternator. An initial solution for this consists of using two converters. Firstly, the alternator recharges the highest voltage battery using a rectifier or a switching mode converter. Then the high level battery recharges the lower voltage battery, through a separate DC/DC step-down shopper. Compare to this traditional solution, a more economic one would be a DC/DC chopper by recharging the two batteries through a single switching mode converter. This article studies the resulting device and simulates its functioning in the case of an induction generator. Only simulations results are shown, practical results will be published in a next paper.
Naturalistic evaluation of entacapone in patients with signs and symptoms of<scp>L</scp>-dopa wearing-off (2008)

In this naturalistic, real-life study, the addition of entacapone to levodopa therapy provided benefits in quality of life and activities of daily living for a substantial proportion of PD patients experiencing wearing-off.
The early response of mannitol infusion in traumatic brain injury. (2008)

The dynamic responses can happen as early as 5-10 minutes after mannitol infusion, and had a greater effect on traumatic brain injury patients with ICP > or = 20 mmHg. It demonstrated a significant dynamic difference between both groups. All these changes can be monitored by TCD and peripheral blood tests.
On classification with empirically observed statistics and universal data compression (1988)

Classification with empirically observed statistics is studied for finite alphabet sources. Efficient universal discriminant functions are described and shown to be related to universal data compression. It is demonstrated that if one of the probability measure of the two classes is not known, it is still possible to define a universal discrimination function which performs as the optimal (likelihood ratio) discriminant function (which can be evaluated only if the probability measures of the two classes are available). If both of the probability measures are not available but training vectors from at least one of the two classes are available, it is demonstrated that no discriminant function can perform efficiency of the length of the training vectors does not grow at least linearly with the length of the classified vector. A universal discriminant function is introduced and shown to perform efficiently when the length of the training vectors grows linearly with the length of the classified sequence, in the sense that it yields an error exponent that is arbitrarily close to that of the optimal discriminant function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deterministic and ensemble-based spatially-coupled product codes (2016)

Several authors have proposed spatially-coupled (or convolutional-like) variants of product codes (PCs). In this paper, we focus on a parametrized family of generalized PCs that recovers some of these codes (e.g., staircase and block-wise braided codes) as special cases and study the iterative decoding performance over the binary erasure channel. Even though our code construction is deterministic (and not based on a randomized ensemble), we show that it is still possible to rigorously derive the density evolution (DE) equations that govern the asymptotic performance. The obtained DE equations are then compared to those for a related spatially-coupled PC ensemble. In particular, we show that there exists a family of (deterministic) braided codes that follows the same DE equation as the ensemble, for any spatial length and coupling width.
IMGT/HLA Database – a sequence database for the human major histocompatibility complex (2000)

The IMGT/HLA Database is a specialist database for sequences of the human major histocompatibility (MHC) system. It includes all the HLA sequences officially recognised and named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. The database provides users with online tools and facilities for the retrieval and analysis of these sequences. These include allele reports, alignment tools and a detailed database of all source cells. The online IMGT/HLA submission tool allows the submission of both new and confirmatory allele sequences directly to the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. The latest version (release 1.4.1, November 1999) contains 1,015 HLA alleles from over 2,270 component sequences derived from the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. From its release in December 1998 until December 1999 the IMGT/HLA website received approximately 100,000 hits. The database currently focuses on the human major histocompatibility complex but will be used as a model system to provide specialist databases for the MHC sequences of other species.
Distinct developmental patterns of short-term and long-term functioning lymphoid and myeloid precursors defined by competitive limiting dilution analysis in vivo (1996)

Functional abilities of individual marrow precursor cells were defined by competitive limiting dilution without enrichment, tissue culture, or induced marking, manipulations that might affect cell functions. We directly measured long-term repopulating abilities in limiting doses (0.25-1.0 x 10(5)) of genetically marked congenic marrow cells. These were mixed with a standard dose of 4 or 5 x 10(5) competitor marrow cells, which contained a predictable distribution of precursor cells and allowed quantitative assays. Percentages of donor type T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes were measured in recipient blood. Applying the maximum likelihood statistic, concentrations (per 10(5)) of precursors repopulating at least one lineage were: 4.7 and 6.0 after 6 wk, 1.6 and 2.7 after 14 to 15 wk, and 1.2 and 1.9 after 30 to 32 wk; concentrations repopulating at least three lineages were 2.3 and 3.4 after 6 wk, 0.9 and 1.7 after 14 to 15 wk, and 0.9 and 1.3 after 32 wk. Almost all precursors functioning after 14 wk repopulated all lineages. At 6 wk, similar levels of donor cells were produced in recipients of both short- and long-term precursors. However, after 14 to 32 wk, contributions by short-term precursors (about two-thirds of the precursors) dropped to zero, while contributions by long-term precursors (about one-quarter of the precursors) expanded severalfold. The latter permanently repopulated all lineages after 30 to 32 wk, functioning as the most primitive stem cells (PSC) in the immune and myeloid systems. Nearly all the variance in long-term repopulated recipients was explained using the Poisson distribution to calculate donor percentages in a model where each donor and competitor PSC contributed equally.