gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Progenitors Adopt Specific Identities by Directly Repressing All Alternative Progenitor Transcriptional Programs (2016)

In the vertebrate neural tube, a morphogen-induced transcriptional network produces multiple molecularly distinct progenitor domains, each generating different neuronal subtypes. Using an in vitro differentiation system, we defined gene expression signatures of distinct progenitor populations and identified direct gene-regulatory inputs corresponding to locations of specific transcription factor binding. Combined with targeted perturbations of the network, this revealed a mechanism in which a progenitor identity is installed by active repression of the entire transcriptional programs of other neural progenitor fates. In the ventral neural tube, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, together with broadly expressed transcriptional activators, concurrently activates the gene expression programs of several domains. The specific outcome is selected by repressive input provided by Shh-induced transcription factors that act as the key nodes in the network, enabling progenitors to adopt a single definitive identity from several initially permitted options. Together, the data suggest design principles relevant to many developing tissues.
Cu(Inl.,,Ga,)Sez THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS USING TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDE BACK CONTACTS FOR BIFCIAL AND TANDEM SOLAR CELLS (2003)

Cu(In,.,,Ga,)Se, (C1GS)-based thin film solar cells have been fabricated using transparent conducting oxide (TCO) hack contacts allowing light to pass through the entire solar cell structure. The cell performance of CIGS devices using tin oxide (SnO,) and indium tin oxide (ITO) back contacts were almost the same as that of a conventional CIGS solar cell fabricated using a MO hack contact. In contrast, fairly low efficiency was achieved for a device fabricated using a Zn0:Al hack contact. The hest cell performance was obtained using a substrate temperatures of 500-520°C. However, the cell performance was observed to deteriorate above 550°C. This is attributed to increased resistivity of the TCO's due to the outdifhsion of fluorine dopant atoms from SnOz and the formation of a GazO, interfacial layer on the IT0 layer. We propose a low-cost bifacial CIGS thin film solar cell for the first time as one of the key applications of this type of ClGS device; preliminary results of cell performance are presented. A four-terminal tandem ClGS solar cell is also briefly discussed.
Context modeling with Evolutionary Fuzzy Cognitive Map in interactive storytelling (2008)

To generate a believable and dynamic virtual world is a great challenge in interactive storytelling. In this paper, we propose a model, namely Evolutionary Fuzzy Cognitive Map (E-FCM), to model the dynamic causal relationships among different context variables. As an extension to conventional FCM, E-FCM models not only the fuzzy causal relationships among the variables, but also the probabilistic property of causal relationships, and asynchronous activity update of the concepts. With this model, the context variables evolve in a dynamic and uncertain manner with the according evolving time. As a result, the virtual world is presented more realistically and dynamically.
Simultaneous dual-contrast multi-phase liver imaging using spectral photon-counting computed tomography: a proof-of-concept study (2017)

Dual-contrast SPCCT should be able to visualise the characteristic arterial and portal venous enhancement with a single scan, allowing for an automatic lesion detection and characterisation, with a reduced radiation exposure.
Multimodal data fusion for object recognition (2019)

Multi-spectral imagery provides wide possibilities for improving quality of object detection and recognition due to better visibility of different scene features in different spectral ranges. To use the advantage of multi-spectral data the relation between different types of data is required. This relation is provided by capturing data using calibrated, aligned and synchronized sensors. Also geo-spatial data in form of geo-referenced digital terrain models can be used for establishing geometric and semantic relations between different types of data. The presented study considers the problem of object recognition based on two data sources: visible and thermal imagery. The main aim of the performed study was to evaluate the performance of different convolutional neural network models for multimodal object recognition. For this purpose a special dataset was collected. The dataset contains synchronized visible and thermal images acquired by several sensor based on unmanned aerial vehicle. The dataset contains synchronized color and thermal images of urban and suburb scenes gathered in different seasons, different times of day and various weather conditions. For convolutional neural network training the dataset was augmented by model images created using object 3D models textured by real visible and thermal images. Several convolutional neural network architectures were trained and evaluated on the created dataset using different splits to estimate the influence of training data on object recognition performance.
Automated Fine-Grained CPU Provisioning for Virtual Machines (2014)

Ideally, the pay-as-you-go model of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds should enable users to rent just enough resources (e.g., CPU or memory bandwidth) to fulfill their service level objectives (SLOs). Achieving this goal is hard on current IaaS offers, which require users to explicitly specify the amount of resources to reserve; this requirement is nontrivial for users, because estimating the amount of resources needed to attain application-level SLOs is often complex, especially when resources are virtualized and the service provider colocates virtual machines (VMs) on host nodes. For this reason, users who deploy VMs subject to SLOs are usually prone to overprovisioning resources, thus resulting in inflated business costs. This article tackles this issue with AutoPro : a runtime system that enhances IaaS clouds with automated and fine-grained resource provisioning based on performance SLOs. Our main contribution with AutoPro is filling the gap between application-level performance SLOs and allocation of a contended resource, without requiring explicit reservations from users. In this article, we focus on CPU bandwidth allocation to throughput-driven, compute-intensive multithreaded applications colocated on a multicore processor; we show that a theoretically sound, yet simple, control strategy can enable automated fine-grained allocation of this contended resource, without the need for offline profiling. Additionally, AutoPro helps service providers optimize infrastructure utilization by provisioning idle resources to best-effort workloads, so as to maximize node-level utilization. Our extensive experimental evaluation confirms that AutoPro is able to automatically determine and enforce allocations to meet performance SLOs while maximizing node-level utilization by supporting batch workloads on a best-effort basis.
Fight or Flight (2012)

This paper examines theory and behavior in a two-player game of siege, sequential attack and defense. The attacker’s objective is to successfully win at least one battle while the defender’s objective is to win every battle. Theoretically, the defender either folds immediately or, if his valuation is sufficiently high and the number of battles is sufficiently small, then he has a constant incentive to fight in each battle. Attackers respond to defense with diminishing assaults over time. Consistent with theoretical predictions, our experimental results indicate that the probability of successful defense increases in the defenders valuation and it decreases in the overall number of battles in the contest. However, the defender engages in the contest significantly more often than predicted and the aggregate expenditures by both parties exceed predicted levels. Moreover, both defenders and attackers actually increase the intensity of the fight as they approach the end of the contest.
Carbon nanotube sheets as electrodes in organic light-emitting diodes (2006)

High performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were implemented on transparent and conductive single-wall carbon nanotube sheets. At the maximum achieved brightness of 2800cdm−2 the luminance efficiency of our carbon nanotube-based OLED is 1.4cdA−1 which is comparable to the 1.9cdA−1 measured for an optimized indium tin oxide anode device made under the same experimental conditions. A thin parylene buffer layer between the carbon nanotube anode and the hole transport layer is required in order to readily achieve the measured performance.
The physicians practice profile: a piece of the quality puzzle. (1991)

In responding to a New York State law and regulations that essentially mandated high quality and required hospitals to implement a system of physician practice profiles, Genesee Memorial Hospital involved the medical staff at all stages and made heavy use of computers for the ultimate system. The result is a profile system with the backing of physicians and with easy access to maximum amounts of information. Still, the author asserts, such profiles are at best an imperfect response to issues of quality.
Muscarinic receptors and ligands in cancer (2008)

Emerging evidence indicates that muscarinic receptors and ligands play key roles in regulating cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Both neuronal and nonneuronal acetylcholine production results in neurocrine, paracrine, and autocrine promotion of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and other features critical for cancer cell survival and spread. The present review comprises a focused critical analysis of evidence supporting the role of muscarinic receptors and ligands in cancer. Criteria are proposed to validate the biological importance of muscarinic receptor expression, activation, and postreceptor signaling. Likewise, criteria are proposed to validate the role of nonneuronal acetylcholine production in cancer. Dissecting cellular mechanisms necessary for muscarinic receptor activation as well as those needed for acetylcholine production and release will identify multiple novel targets for cancer therapy.
Spectral Response and Efficiency Relations in Semiconductor Liquid Junction Solar Cells (1977)

States due to imperfections at or near surfaces of semiconductors in liquid junction solar cells can be identified by changes in the photoresponse spectra under short‐circuit current conditions. These effects become dominant features in two‐beam experiments with an intense pumping (laser) source and a weak modulated probing beam. The presence of these states can be correlated with drastic decreases in short‐circuit currents, open‐circuit voltages, fill factors, and maximum power conversion efficiencies of the cells. Elimination of the damaged surface regions by suitable etching allows AM2 solar conversion efficiencies of 1.3 and 7.2%, respectively, in the cells and .
Recovery of corpus luteum function after prolonged deprivation from gonadotrophin stimulation (1996)

Three women with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, all desiring pregnancy, participated in a prospective open study attempting to assess the ability of the human corpus luteum to recover after 7 days of deprivation from gonadotrophin stimulation. Follicular growth was induced by gonadotrophins. An endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was induced by the s.c. injection of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist. For luteal support, 10 mg/day oral medroxyprogesterone acetate were given for 7 days, after which a single i.m. injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was administered. Monitoring during the follicular phase consisted of daily measurements of serum oestradiol, LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations, and of follicular growth by transvaginal ultrasonography. During the luteal phase, monitoring consisted of measurements of serum concentrations of LH, FSH, oestradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and beta-HCG. Ovulation and luteinization occurred in two patients, demonstrated by transient marked increases in serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations which decreased to basal preovulatory values and increased again following the administration of HCG 7 days later. In the third patient, ovulation and luteinization did not occur, and the subsequent administration of HCG did not result in an increase in progesterone concentration. Of the two patients who ovulated, one conceived and the second had a luteal phase of 15 days duration. Our preliminary results suggest that the human corpus luteum can be 'rescued' and can function normally after 7 days of deprivation from gonadotrophin stimulation in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
A New Look at Chronic Pain (1999)

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A Low-Cost Multi-Failure Resilient Replication Scheme for High-Data Availability in Cloud Storage (2020)

Data availability is one of the most important performance factors in cloud storage systems. To enhance data availability, replication is a common approach to handle the machine failures. However, previously proposed replication schemes cannot effectively handle both correlated and non-correlated machine failures, especially while increasing the data availability with limited resources. The schemes for correlated machine failures must create a constant number of replicas for each data object, which often neglects diverse data popularities and does not utilize the resource to maximize the expected data availability. Also, the previous schemes neglect the consistency maintenance cost and the storage cost caused by replication. It is critical for cloud providers to maximize data availability (hence minimize SLA violations) while minimizing costs caused by replication in order to maximize the revenue. In this paper, we build a nonlinear integer programming model to maximize data availability in both types of failures, and therefore minimize the cost caused by replication. Based on the model's solution for the replication degree of each data object, we propose a low-cost multi-failure (correlated and non-correlated machine failures) resilient replication scheme (MRR). MRR can effectively handle both correlated and non-correlated machine failures, considers data popularities to enhance data availability, and also tries to minimize consistency maintenance and storage cost. Extensive numerical results from trace parameters and experiments from real-world Amazon S3 demonstrate that MRR achieves high data availability, low data loss probability and low consistency maintenance and storage costs when compared to previous replication schemes.
Photoinitiator Free Polymerization of Maleimides and Vinyl Ethers (1997)

The photopolymerization of mixtures of maleimides and vinyl ethers is shown to be an efficient, rapid process in the absence of external photoinitiators. Polymerization proceeds both in the presence and absence of oxygen. Films produced by the photopolymerization of maleimide/vinyl ether systems exhibit little absorbance at wavelengths greater than 300 nm. The thermal stability of these films are also excellent.
Guiding TRAIL to cancer cells through Kv10.1 potassium channel overcomes resistance to doxorubicin (2016)

Resisting cell death is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and represents a common problem resulting in ineffective cancer therapy. To overcome resistance to apoptosis, we designed an antibody-based therapy strategy using Kv10.1 as a target. Kv10.1 is a voltage-gated potassium channel, which has been identified as a tumor marker several years ago. The agent consists of a Kv10.1-specific single-chain antibody fused to the soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv62-TRAIL). We combined scFv62-TRAIL with different chemotherapeutic drugs, all of which failed to induce apoptosis when used alone. In the combination, we could overcome the resistance and selectively induce apoptosis. Among the drugs, doxorubicin showed the most promising effect. Additionally, we observed improved efficacy by pre-treating the cells with doxorubicin before scFv62-TRAIL application. Expression analysis of the TRAIL death receptors suggests a doxorubicin-induced increase in the abundance of receptors as the mechanism for sensitization. Furthermore, we confirmed the anti-tumor effect and efficacy of our combination strategy in vivo in SCID mice bearing subcutaneous tumors. In conclusion, we propose a novel strategy to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in cancer cells. Doxorubicin and scFv62-TRAIL reciprocally sensitize the cells to each other, specifically in Kv10.1-positive tumor cells.
The Effects of backpack weight on the biomechanics of load carriage (2000)

Abstract : An analysis of the effects of 4 backpack loads (6, 20, 33, and 44 kg) on walking gait was performed on 16 male volunteers using a cinematographic system, force platform, tri-axial accelerometer, and 6 surface electrodes located over the trapezius, spinal erector, quadricep, hamstring, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. When the load became very heavy, stride frequency increased. Double-support as percent of stride increased along with the load, effected by a delayed floor push-off. Knee range of motion increased with load during the eccentric knee flexion period from heel-strike until mid-stance. A lower total body center of mass position as the load increased was effected both by greater knee flexion and a more forward leaning trunk. An initial propulsive impulse at heel-strike resulted from flexion at the knee rather than from extension at the hip. A protective gait adjustment when increasing to the heaviest load limited the medial travel of the center of mass. As the load increased, hip extensor torque increased proportionately. Yet knee extensor torque increased more than expected, while ankle plantarflexor torque increased less than expected. Trapezius muscle activity showed that the frame-and-belt system did not prevent the shoulders from supporting considerable load. The spinal erectors produced the largest burst of activity at contralateral heel-strike. The gastrocnemius was largely inactive except for high activity during push-off, which did not increase with very heavy loads. The burden of carrying a very heavy load fell less on the calf muscles than on the muscles around the knee and hip. Trunk forward/downward excursion and acceleration increased with load. The erector spinae acted eccentrically to decelerate trunk motion as the trunk approached its maximum forward lean. Slack in the straps enabled peak forward acceleration of the pack to occur later and be of lower magnitude than the peak forward acceleration of the trunk.
[Cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax]. (1982)

The immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque, tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. A decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. Besides, neutrophil leukocytes have shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterases. The study based on the evaluation of the activity of the above-mentioned enzymes in lymphocytes and neutrophils has not revealed the predominant influence exercised by any of the antigens, different in their nature and used separately or in the form of a combined preparation, on immunogenesis.
Downregulation of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans by Gibberellic Acid (2010)

胚轴形成在幼苗的生长在地上的萌芽期间在严格的神经质的规定下面。在 3 d 旧百日草 elegans 幼苗系统， gibberellic 酸(GA3 ) 施加相反的效果到因为 GA3 与抑制支持象变白一样的生长，在胚轴 photomorphogenesis 上由光施加了那光线(第二等) 生长。为这个原因，从 Z 的基本 peroxidase isoenzyme 上的 GA3 的效果。elegans (ZePrx ) ，涉及胚轴木质素生合成的酶，被学习。结果证明 GA3 减少 ZePrx 活动，同样到它在减少幼苗的方法第二等的生长。这神经质的回答被 ZePrx 倡导者的分析支持，它包含 GA3 应答的 cis 元素的四种类型：W Box/O2S；Pyr 盒子；GARE；并且艾米盒子。一起拿，这些结果建议 ZePrx 被 GA3 直接调整，与在胚轴上匹配 GA 的禁止的效果的这效果第二等的生长。
Basic mechanisms and clinical implications of oral tolerance (1999)

Oral tolerance is the physiologic mechanism that prevents hypersensitivity to food proteins and probably to commensal bacteria. It has also attracted attention as a means of administering therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Although evidence indicates that both clonal inactivation and active regulatory mechanisms may play a role and that the induction of these may be determined selectively by the feeding regimen used to induce tolerance, the exact mechanisms of oral tolerance remain unclear. Here, we discuss recent evidence that fed antigens are presented to CD4(+) T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that lack costimulatory activity, resulting in partial activation of T cells followed by a state of unresponsiveness. This seems to occur in many tissues of the immune system but may be particularly important in the draining mesenteric lymph node. Resting dendritic cells may be the predominant population of APCs involved in oral tolerance, and conditions that activate dendritic cells allow the induction of productive immunity. Conventionally, presentation of antigen in the absence of costimulation is thought to induce T-cell anergy, but evidence now indicates that anergic T cells can also act as regulatory cells via the production of inhibitory mediators or via cognate interactions with APCs and other T cells. We discuss how an ability to deactivate APCs may explain bystander suppressor activity in oral tolerance, and we consider how the production of transforming growth factor-beta or interleukin-10 by Th3 or T regulatory 1 cells may contribute to tolerance in vivo. We speculate that both the production of inhibitory mediators and the delivery of suppression via cognate interactions may be properties of otherwise "anergic" T cells.
High-resolution dipolar n.m.r. spectra in solids (1981)

Abstract Recent advances in solid state n.m.r. spectroscopy permit obervation of high-resolution dipolar spectra, and thus renewed consideration can be given to solid state n.m.r. as a tool for determining molecular structure. This is illustrated with 13C and 14N single-crystal spectra obtained with both one- and two-dimensional n.m.r. techniques. The successful observation of these spectra is due to the fact that many dipolar interactions are inhomogeneous, and for this reason it is also possible to obtain high-resolution dipolar spectra from powder samples. Methods that accomplish this goal are described and illustrated with 13C -1H dipolar spectra.
Common bile duct obstruction due to malignancy: treatment with plastic versus metal stents. (1996)

Use of self-expanding metal stents appears to show substantial benefits for patients and to be cost-effective.
Physiology of cytokine pathways in rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

This review has summarized the physiology of some cytokine pathways in RA, emphasizing the redundant and synergistic nature of this network. However, it is important to understand that this system is self-regulating through the action of anti-inflammatory cytokines, opposing cytokines, cytokine receptor antagonists, and possibly naturally occurring antibodies to cytokines (Figure 1). Disease results when an imbalance in the cytokine network develops, either from excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or from inadequate presence of natural anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The current therapeutic approaches to RA that are aimed at restoring this balance include the use of monoclonal antibodies to TNFalpha, soluble TNFalpha receptors, and IL-1Ra. Other therapeutic agents that interfere with the cytokine network are in various stages of preclinical and clinical evaluation.