gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hall-Effect Sensor Technique for No Induced Voltage in AC Magnetic Field Measurements Without Current Spinning (2021)

Accurately sensing AC magnetic field signatures poses a series of challenges to commonly used Hall-effect sensors. In particular, induced voltage and lack of high-frequency spinning methods are bottlenecks in the measurement of AC magnetic fields. We describe a magnetic field measurement technique that can be implemented in two ways: 1) the current driving the Hall-effect sensor is oscillating at the same frequency as the magnetic field, and the signal is measured at the second harmonic of the magnetic field frequency, and 2) the frequency of the driving current is preset, and the measured frequency is the magnetic field frequency plus the frequency of the current. This method has potential advantages over traditional means of measuring AC magnetic fields used in power systems (e.g., motors, inverters), as it can reduce the components needed (subsequently reducing the overall cost and size) and is not frequency bandwidth limited by current spinning. The sensing technique produces no induced voltage and results in a low offset, thus preserving accuracy and precision in measurements. Experimentally, we have shown offset voltage values between 8 and 27 μT at frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 1 kHz, validating the potential of this technique in both cases
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Clumping Factor B/Ligand Interactions (2011)

Clumping factor B (ClfB) from Staphylococcus aureus is a bifunctional protein that binds to human cytokeratin 10 (K10) and fibrinogen (Fg). ClfB has been implicated in S. aureus colonization of nasal epithelium and is therefore a key virulence factor. People colonized with S. aureus are at an increased risk for invasive staphylococcal disease. In this study, we have determined the crystal structures of the ligand-binding region of ClfB in an apo-form and in complex with human K10 and Fg α-chain-derived peptides, respectively. We have determined the structures of MSCRAMM binding to two ligands with different sequences in the same site showing the versatile nature of the ligand recognition mode of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules. Both ligands bind ClfB by parallel β-sheet complementation as observed for the clumping factor A·γ-chain peptide complex. The β-sheet complementation is shorter in the ClfB·Fg α-chain peptide complex. The structures show that several residues in ClfB are important for binding to both ligands, whereas others only make contact with one of the ligands. A common motif GSSGXG found in both ligands is part of the ClfB-binding site. This motif is found in many human proteins thus raising the possibility that ClfB recognizes additional ligands.
Determining Limits of Two-Photon Time-Resolved Photoluminescence for Measuring the Bulk Lifetime in Semiconductors (2018)

We investigate the limitations of two-photon time resolved photoluminescence to measure the bulk lifetime of different semiconductor materials used for photovoltaic applicationsThe alternating difference implicit finite-difference time-domain method was employed to simulate the carrier kinetics, following the localized generation of carriers by an ultra-fast laser pulse. Three hypothetical materials were modelled: direct bandgap material for thin-film applications (such as CZTS), direct band-gap for thick--film applications (such as GaAs), and indirect band-gap thick material (such as silicon). It was found that the effective lifetime of the direct band-gap materials remains within an order of magnitude of the bulk lifetime, even for surface recombination velocities up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm/s. For the indirect band-gap material, the bulk lifetime is inaccessible, at even moderate surface recombination velocities, due to the combination of high bulk lifetime and high diffusivity. This is the firststudy that highlights the limit of the two-photon time-resolved method for silicon applications.
Thermal side-channel forensics in additive manufacturing systems: poster abstract (2016)

Additive manufacturing systems leak cyber-related information (such as G-code, M-code, etc.) from the side-channels (such as acoustic, power, thermal, etc.). In our work, we have successfully demonstrated the vulnerability of additive manufacturing to thermal side-channel attacks, where confidentiality can be breached to steal the Intellectual Property (IP) in the form of 3D design and printing parameters. We introduce a novel methodology to reverse engineer the thermal images acquired from the thermal side-channel to extract specific information (such as speed, temperature, axis of movement, etc.) present in the cyber-domain. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of forensics has not yet been explored in additive manufacturing systems.
The Serine Protease Inhibitor Protease Nexin-1 Controls Mammary Cancer Metastasis through LRP-1–Mediated MMP-9 Expression (2009)

Through their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix, proteases mediate cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Paradoxically, some serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are often overexpressed in human tumors. Using computational analysis, we found that the RNA level of protease nexin-1 (PN-1), a serpin that blocks numerous proteases activity, is significantly elevated in estrogen receptor-alpha-negative and in high-grade breast cancer. The in silico approach was complemented by mechanistic studies on two mammary cancer cell lines, the PN-1-negative 168FARN cells and the PN-1-positive 4T1 cells, both of which form primary mammary tumors, but only 4T1 tumors are able to metastasize to the lungs. We show that treatment of 168FARN cells with PN-1 stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) binding, resulting in increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 RNA, protein, and secreted activity. PN-1-silenced 4T1 cells express low MMP-9 levels. Moreover, injection of PN-1-silenced cells into mice did not affect 4T1 primary mammary tumor outgrowth; however, the tumors had impaired metastatic potential, which could be restored by reexpressing soluble MMP-9 in the PN-1-silenced 4T1 cells. Thus, using mammary tumor models, we describe a novel pathway whereby the serpin PN-1 by binding LRP-1 stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, MMP-9 expression, and metastatic spread of mammary tumors. Importantly, an analysis of 126 breast cancer patients revealed that those whose breast tumors had elevated PN-1 levels had a significantly higher probability to develop lung metastasis, but not metastasis to other sites, on relapse. These results suggest that PN-1 might become a prognostic marker in breast cancer.
A genetic algorithm‐based method for optimizing the performance of a computer‐aided diagnosis scheme for detection of clustered microcalcifications in mammograms (1998)

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes have the potential of substantially increasing diagnostic accuracy in mammography by providing the advantages of having a second reader. Our laboratory has developed a CAD scheme for detecting clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms that is being tested clinically at the University of Chicago Hospitals. Our CAD scheme contains a large number of parameters such as filter weights, threshold levels, and region of interest (ROI) sizes. The choice of these parameter values determines the overall performance of the system and thus must be carefully set. Unfortunately, when the number of parameters becomes large, it is very difficult to obtain the optimal performance, especially when the values of the parameters are correlated with each other. In this study, we address the problem of identifying the optimal overall performance by developing an automated method for the determination of the parameter values that maximize the performance of a mammographic CAD scheme. Our method utilizes a genetic algorithm to search through the possible parameter values, and provides the set of parameters that minimize a cost function which measures the performance of the scheme. Using a database of 89 digitized mammograms, our method demonstrated that the sensitivity of our CAD scheme can be increased from 80% to 87% at a false positive rate of 1.0 per image. We estimate the average performance of our CAD scheme on unknown cases by performing jackknife tests; this was previously not feasible when the parameters of the CAD scheme were determined in a nonautomated manner.
A Study on a Remote-Controlled Grinding Robot System. (1992)

A new teleoperated grinding bobot has been developed which can safely and efficiently carry out grinding tasks in hostile environments using remote control and automatic control.
Diversified service provisioning in global business networks (2011)

Companies and their services are being increasingly exposed to global business networks and Internet-based on-demand services. Much of the focus is on flexible orchestration and consumption of services, beyond ownership and operational boundaries of services. However, ways in which third-parties in the "global village" can seamlessly self-create new offers out of existing services remains open. This paper proposes a framework for service provisioning in global business networks that allows an open-ended set of techniques for extending services through a rich, multi-tooling environment. The Service Provisioning Management Framework, as such, supports different modeling techniques, through supportive tools, allowing different parts of services to be integrated into new contexts. Integration of service user interfaces, business processes, operational interfaces and business object are supported. The integration specifications that arise from service extensions are uniformly reflected through a kernel technique, the Service Integration Technique. Thus, the framework preserves coherence of service provisioning tasks without constraining the modeling techniques needed for extending different aspects of services.
Region-based video coding using mathematical morphology (1995)

This paper presents a region-based coding algorithm for video sequences. The coding approach involves a time-recursive segmentation relying on the pixels homogeneity, a region-based motion estimation, and motion compensated contour and texture coding. This algorithm is mainly devoted to very low bit rate video coding applications. One of the important features of the approach is that no assumption is made about the sequence content. Moreover the algorithm structure leads to a scalable coding process giving various levels of quality and bit rates. The coding as well as the segmentation are controlled to regulate the bit stream. Finally, the interest of morphological tools in the content of region-based coding is extensively reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fructan as a New Carbohydrate Sink in Transgenic Potato Plants. (1994)

Fructans are polyfructose molecules that function as nonstructural storage carbohydrates in several plant species that are important crops. We have been studying plants for their ability to synthesize and degrade fructans to determine if this ability is advantageous. We have also been analyzing the ability to synthesize fructan in relation to other nonstructural carbohydrate storage forms like starch. To study this, we induced fructan accumulation in normally non-fructan-storing plants and analyzed the metabolic and physiological properties of such plants. The normally non-fructan-storing potato plant was modified by introducing the microbial fructosyltransferase genes so that it could accumulate fructans. Constructs were created so that the fructosyltransferase genes of either Bacillus subtilis (sacB) or Streptococcus mutans (ftf) were fused to the vacuolar targeting sequence of the yeast carboxypeptidase Y (cpy) gene. These constructs were placed under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and introduced into potato tissue. The regenerated potato plants accumulated high molecular mass (>5 [times] 106 D) fructan molecules in which the degree of polymerization of fructose units exceeded 25,000. Fructan accumulation was detected in every plant tissue tested. The fructan content in the transgenic potato plants tested varied between 1 and 30% of dry weight in leaves and 1 and 7% of dry weight in microtubers. Total nonstructural neutral carbohydrate content in leaves of soil-grown plants increased dramatically from 7% in the wild type to 35% in transgenic plants. Our results demonstrated that potato plants can be manipulated to store a foreign carbohydrate by introducing bacterial fructosyltransferase genes. This modification affected photosynthate partitioning in microtubers and leaves and increased nonstructural carbohydrate content in leaves.
The breast tumour-associated epithelial mucins and the peanut lectin binding urinary mucins are coded by a single highly polymorphic gene locus 'PUM'. (1988)

A family of mucin-type glycoproteins, present in human urine, is coded by a single highly polymorphic gene locus PUM. We have previously shown that these glycoproteins carry epitopes recognized by a series of monoclonal antibodies, many of which were raised to the human milk-fat globule membrane, and which bind to a wide variety of carcinomas and certain normal epithelia. Here we show that in the normal human mammary gland, and in breast cancers the epitopes are present on the same family of molecules as that found in urine. Thus the genetically determined variation at the PUM locus accounts for much of the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the mucin-type glycoproteins present in breast cancer and serum from breast cancer patients that has been reported previously. Knowledge of this normal inherited polymorphism is essential to the interpretation of possible changes to these molecules in malignancy.
Generalized design consideration of holographic scanners with aberration corrections (1980)

Hologram generating method for laser scanners with aberration corrections has been proposed and demonstrated. Aberration correction consideration has led to the concept of the generalized holographic zone plate. To generate the holographic zone plate, the holographic technique for optical product operations, between a plurality of coherent spherical waves, has been applied. When spherical waves, N in number, are applied, aberration can be corrected in a scan length magnification equal to or less than N2. Experimentally, remarkable aberration correction effect of this method holograms has been verified for scan lengths over 50 cm.
Annonaceous Acetogenins:  Recent Progress (1999)

The Annonaceous acetogenins are promising new antitumor and pesticidal agents that are found only in the plant family Annonaceae. Chemically, they are derivatives of long-chain fatty acids. Biologically, they exhibit their potent bioactivities through depletion of ATP levels via inhibiting complex I of mitochondria and inhibiting the NADH oxidase of plasma membranes of tumor cells. Thus, they thwart ATP-driven resistance mechanisms. This review presents the progress made in the chemistry, biology, and development of these compounds since December 1995.
Structure‐Affinity Relationships of the Affinity of 2‐Pyrazolyl Adenosine Analogues for the Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptor. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Avocado Seed (Persea americana) Lipid Derivatives That Inhibit Clostridium sporogenes Endospore Germination (2013)

Avocado fruit extracts are known to exhibit antimicrobial properties. However, the effects on bacterial endospores and the identity of antimicrobial compounds have not been fully elucidated. In this study, avocado seed extracts were tested against Clostridium sporogenes vegetative cells and active endospores. Bioassay-guided purification of a crude extract based on inhibitory properties linked antimicrobial action to six lipid derivatives from the family of acetogenin compounds. Two new structures and four compounds known to exist in nature were identified as responsible for the activity. Structurally, most potent molecules shared features of an acetyl moiety and a trans-enone group. All extracts produced inhibition zones on vegetative cells and active endospores. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of isolated molecules ranged from 7.8 to 15.6 μg/mL, and bactericidal effects were observed for an enriched fraction at 19.5 μg/mL. Identified molecules showed potential as natural alternatives to additives and antibiotics used by the food and pharmaceutical industries to inhibit Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria.
DTUAV: a novel cloud–based digital twin system for unmanned aerial vehicles (2022)

This paper is concerned with the first work on the integration of digital twin (DT), 5G, cloud platform, and virtual reality (VR) technologies for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) autonomy development. DT focuses on connecting the virtual and physical world as an emerging strategic technology. Initially, it was implemented through mirror models of physical objects to realize the monitoring of their whole life cycle in the manufacturing area. In recent years, DT technologies have been applied in different fields, and some typical DT solutions have been proposed to solve complex system problems. In this paper, we study the problem of how to combine the DT and other emerging technologies for UAV autonomy development and supervision, aiming to propose a basic DT framework to integrate DT and UAVs as reference rules for building DT systems, which includes four parts, that is, Virtual Space, Real Space, Service Center, and Data and Model Processing Center. Based on the proposed basic DT framework, a cloud-based DT system is then further constructed in which cloud platform, 5G, and VR are integrated seamlessly. The running and implementation processes of each subsystem are introduced in detail. Multiple experiments are conducted to verify the usefulness of proposed DT system, that is, real-time system monitoring and cloud processing, VR connection, human–robot interaction through VR technology, and so on. The experimental results show that the proposed DTUAV system can be used in the interaction of virtual and physical systems, remote supervision, intelligence integration of swarm of unmanned vehicles, and so on. The development in our work introduces the DT into unmanned system applications and can promote relevant research in this direction. All implementation codes of the system will be shared in https://github.com/DTUAV .
New 7‐substituted quinolone antibacterial agents. <b>II</b>. The synthesis of 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, and pyrimidinyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine and quinolone‐3‐carboxylic acids (1989)

Abstract Synthetic methods for the construction of certain aromatic heterocyclic side chains for the quinolone anti‐bacterials have been provided. In particular a series of 7‐(pyrazol‐3 or 4‐yl, 4‐ or 5‐isoxazolyl and 4‐ or 5‐pyrimidinyl)‐1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine and quinoline‐3‐carboxylic acids have been prepared. All of the heterocycles were prepared from masked 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives of nalidixic acid ( 9,17 ) or 7‐acetyl‐1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinoline carboxylic acids ( 8 ). These masked 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives were prepared by the use of t ‐butoxy‐bis‐dimethylaminomethane on the activated methyls of 9,19 and 8 . The pyrimidinyl analogs, substituted with a 2‐amino or a 2‐aminomethyl moiety, were the only derivatives with substantial antibacterial activity.
The WaveScalar architecture (2007)

Silicon technology will continue to provide an exponential increase in the availability of raw transistors. Effectively translating this resource into application performance, however, is an open challenge that conventional superscalar designs will not be able to meet. We present WaveScalar as a scalable alternative to conventional designs. WaveScalar is a dataflow instruction set and execution model designed for scalable, low-complexity/high-performance processors. Unlike previous dataflow machines, WaveScalar can efficiently provide the sequential memory semantics that imperative languages require. To allow programmers to easily express parallelism, WaveScalar supports pthread-style, coarse-grain multithreading and dataflow-style, fine-grain threading. In addition, it permits blending the two styles within an application, or even a single function. To execute WaveScalar programs, we have designed a scalable, tile-based processor architecture called the WaveCache. As a program executes, the WaveCache maps the program's instructions onto its array of processing elements (PEs). The instructions remain at their processing elements for many invocations, and as the working set of instructions changes, the WaveCache removes unused instructions and maps new ones in their place. The instructions communicate directly with one another over a scalable, hierarchical on-chip interconnect, obviating the need for long wires and broadcast communication. This article presents the WaveScalar instruction set and evaluates a simulated implementation based on current technology. For single-threaded applications, the WaveCache achieves performance on par with conventional processors, but in less area. For coarse-grain threaded applications the WaveCache achieves nearly linear speedup with up to 64 threads and can sustain 7--14 multiply-accumulates per cycle on fine-grain threaded versions of well-known kernels. Finally, we apply both styles of threading to equake from Spec2000 and speed it up by 9x compared to the serial version.
Resolution Enhancement in Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Waveguide Coupled Mode by Combining a Bimetallic Approach (2010)

In this study, we present and demonstrate a new route to a great enhancement in resolution of surface plasmon resonance sensors. Basically, our approach combines a waveguide coupled plasmonic mode and a kind of Au/Ag bimetallic enhancement concept. Theoretical modeling was carried out by solving Fresnel equations for the multilayer stack of prism/Ag inner-metal layer/dielectric waveguide/Au outer-metal layer. The inner Ag layer couples incident light to a guided wave and makes more fields effectively concentrated on the outer Au surface. A substantial enhancement in resolution was experimentally verified for the model stack using a ZnS-SiO2 waveguide layer.
Encoding Bitrate Optimization Using Playback Statistics for HTTP-based Adaptive Video Streaming (2017)

HTTP video streaming is in wide use to deliver video over the Internet. With HTTP adaptive steaming, a video playback dynamically selects a video stream from a pre-encoded representation based on available bandwidth and viewport (screen) size. The viewer's video quality is therefore influenced by the encoded bitrates. We minimize the average delivered bitrate subject to a quality lower bound on a per-chunk basis by modeling the probability that a player selects a particular encoding. Through simulation and real-world experiments, the proposed method saves 9.6% of bandwidth while average delivered video quality comparing with state of the art while keeping average delivered video quality.