gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a soft-inflatable exosuit for knee rehabilitation (2017)

This paper presents the design, development and preliminary evaluation of a soft-inflatable exosuit for knee rehabilitation. Soft-inflatable actuators made of heat-sealable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials are fabricated in two different beam-like structures (I and O cross-section actuators) and mechanically characterized for their torque performance in knee-extension assistance. The fabrication procedure of both types of actuators is presented as well as their integration into a lightweight, low-cost and body-conforming interface. To detect the activation duration of the device during the gait cycle, a soft-silicone insole with embedded force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) is used. In evaluation studies, the soft-inflatable exosuit device is tested for its ability to reduce muscle activity during the swing phase of the knee. Using sEMG (surface electromyography) sensors, the rectus femoris muscle group of a healthy individual is recorded while walking on a treadmill at a constant speed, with and without the soft device. Preliminary testing presents a promising 7% reduction in muscle activity and demonstrates the applicability of the soft-inflatable exosuit in knee rehabilitation scenarios.
Fast computation of efficient decision feedback equalizers for high speed wireless communications (2002)

Decision feedback equalization (DFE) structures have been proposed for the efficient equalization of wireless channels with long postcursor response, which is a bottleneck problem for high speed communications over multipath channels with large delay spread. These structures are equivalent to the conventional DFE, but remove postcursor intersymbol interference (ISI) prior to feedforward filtering. We investigate the relationship between these structures and fast equalizer coefficient computation. Based on this relationship, we obtain a fast algorithm for computing optimal DFE settings which has significantly lower complexity than other known approaches for these high speed wireless channels. An example is given for data rates and channel profiles of the type considered for the proposed North American high definition television (HDTV) terrestrial broadcast mode.
Online Dispatching and Fair Scheduling of Edge Computing Tasks: A Learning-Based Approach (2021)

The emergence of edge computing can effectively tackle the problem of large transmission delays caused by the long-distance between user devices and remote cloud servers. Users can offload tasks to the nearby edge servers to perform computations, so as to minimize the average task response time through effective task dispatching and scheduling methods. However: 1) in the task dispatching phase, the dynamic features of network conditions and server loads make it difficult for the offloaded tasks to select the optimal edge server and 2) in the task scheduling phase, each edge server may face a large number of offloading tasks to schedule, resulting in long average task response time, or even severe task starvation. In this article, we propose an online task dispatching and fair scheduling method OTDS to tackle the above two challenges, which combines online learning (OL) and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques. Specifically, using an OL approach, OTDS performs real-time estimating of network conditions and server loads, and then dynamically assigns tasks to the optimal edge servers accordingly. Meanwhile, at each edge server, by combing the round-robin mechanism with DRL, OTDS is able to allocate appropriate resources to each task according to its time sensitivity and achieve high efficiency and fairness in task scheduling. Evaluation results show that our online method can dynamically allocate network resources and computing resources to those offloaded tasks according to their time-sensitive requirements. Thus, OTDS outperforms the existing methods in terms of the efficiency and fairness on task dispatching and scheduling by significantly reducing the average task response time.
Mismatch repair detection (MRD): high-throughput scanning for DNA variations (2001)

Although there are several methods for genotyping previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), there is a paucity of approaches for high-throughput scanning for unknown variations. Mismatch repair detection (MRD) utilizes a bacterial mismatch repair system in vivo to detect sequence variants in human DNA samples. We describe modifications in MRD that allow a high degree of parallel processing, and use this modified version to accurately scan for variations in 35 different human DNA fragments simultaneously. MRD's potential for high-throughput scanning can be used to identify new SNPs and to comprehensively compare sequences between patients and controls for identifying disease susceptibility alleles.
Textilinins from Pseudonaja textilis textilis. Characterization of two plasmin inhibitors that reduce bleeding in an animal model (2000)

The incidence of vein-graft occlusion associated with myocardial infarction and thrombosis following the use of the plasmin inhibitor, aprotinin, to reduce blood loss during vascular surgery has prompted the isolation of an alternative kinetically distinct inhibitor of plasmin from the venom of Pseudonaja textilis. This inhibitor has been called textilinin (Txln) and two distinct forms have been isolated from the Brown-snake venom (molecular weight, 6688 and 6692). A comparison of plasmin inhibitor constants for aprotinin and the Txlns 1 and 2 indicated that the former bound very tightly (inhibitor constant, Ki approximately 10(-11) mol/l), while both of the latter bound less tightly (Ki approximately 10(-9) mol/l). Homogeneity of Txlns 1 and 2 was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. A sequence difference of six amino acids was observed between the two forms of Txln. Txln 1 and 2 showed, respectively, 45 and 43% homology with aprotinin, while there was 58 and 55% homology, respectively, with a plasmin inhibitor from the venom of eastern Taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus. Both Txlns have six cysteines, like other inhibitors of this group, and homology was determined by alignment of these cysteines. Both have been shown to reduce blood loss by about 60% in a murine tail vein bleeding model. It is proposed that the kinetic profiles of Txln 1 and 2 for plasmin allow the arrest of haemorrhage without the possible threat of thrombosis.
Enzyme electrochemcial sensor electrode (1989)

An electrochemical sensor electrode is formed from an electronic conductor coated with a casting solution containing a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer and a selected enzyme. The selected enzyme catalyzes a reaction between a predetermined substance in a solution and oxygen to form an electrochemically active compound that is detected at the electronic conductor. The resulting perfluorosulfonic acid polymer provides a stable matrix for the enzyme for long lived enzyme activity, wherein only thin coatings are required on the metal conductor. The polymer also advantageously repels interfering substances from contacting the enzyme and contains quantities of oxygen to maintain a sensing capability during conditions of oxygen depletion in the sample. In one particular embodiment, glucose oxidase is mixed with the perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer to form an electrode for glucose detection. 3 figs.
A novel phantom for characterization of dual energy imaging using an on-board imaging system (2018)

Dual-energy (DE) imaging using planar imaging with an on-board imager (OBI) is being considered in radiotherapy. We describe here a custom phantom designed to optimize DE imaging parameters using the OBI of a commercial linear accelerator. The phantom was constructed of lung-, tissue- and bone-equivalent material slabs. Five simulated tumors located at two different depths were encased in the lung-equivalent materials. Two slabs with bone-equivalent material inserts were constructed to simulate ribs, which overlap the simulated tumors. DE bone suppression was performed using a weighted logarithmic subtraction based on an iterative method that minimized the contrast between simulated bone- and lung-equivalent materials. The phantom was subsequently used to evaluate different combinations of high-low kV x-ray pairs of images based on the signal-difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) metric. The results show a strong correlation between tumor visibility and selected energy pairs, where higher energy separation leads to larger SDNR values. To evaluate the effect of image post-processing methods on tumor visibility, an anti-correlated noise reduction (ACNR) technique and adaptive kernel scatter correction method were applied to subsequent DE images. Application of the ACNR technique approximately doubled the SDNR values, hence increasing tumor visibility, while scatter correction had little effect on SDNR values. This phantom allows for quick image acquisition and optimization of imaging parameters and weighting factors. Optimized DE imaging increases soft tissue visibility and may allow for markerless motion tracking of lung tumors.
Fluorescence Imaging in Deep Tissues Using Digitally Time-Reversed Light (2013)

Light scattering in biological tissues is an impediment to fluorescence imaging beyond the ballistic regime. Combining ultrasound-encoding with digital time reversal, we overcome this limit and achieve high resolution fluorescence imaging in thick biological tissues.
RF Digital Predistorter for Power Amplifiers of 3G Base Stations (2006)

This paper presents a new architecture of an RF digital predistorter for power amplifier used in third generation base stations. Linearization of power amplifiers has been treated with many analogue design techniques in order to increase their bandwidth and their efficiency. The novelty is that this architecture is fully reconfigurable and acts on RF signals rather than BaseBand signals. The resulting architecture combines a digital signal processor and a field programmable gate array. Synthesis results show that this architecture provides reliable linearization in case of WCDMA signals.
The Past, Present and Future of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2011)

Our body is derived from only one cell, a fertilized egg. At the birth, the body consists of 220 kinds of somatic cells. The fertilized egg divides many times during development. The resulting cells differentiate into many kinds of somatic cells, and a fertilized egg can differentiate into all of the different types of cells, including intraembryonic and extraembryonic tissues. This ability is called totipotency. Fertilized eggs differentiate into various kinds of somatic cells. However, somatic cells do not divide and differentiate into other types of somatic cells after differentiation in a disorderly manner. There are two possibilities to explain this. First, somatic cells can completely lose their potential to differentiate into other kinds of cells during development, or second, they may retain their potential, but such potential may be suppressed after development. The studies to elucidate how these processes occur were the origin of reprogramming science and regenerative medicine. In 1938, Spemann was the first person to carry out nuclear transplantation, but the experiment failed (Spemann, 1938). In 1952, Briggs and King transplanted the nucleus of a frog blastula into enucleated unfertilized eggs. The eggs developed into tadpoles. This was the first cloned animal with nuclear transplantation, and the origin of the cloning technique. An interesting discovery was that the later the nucleuses were taken during the developmental stage, the lower the efficiency of generating clone frogs. It was impossible to produce a cloned frog using the nucleus from a stage later than the development of a tailbud. At that time, they thought the information in the nucleus changed during development (Brigge & King, 1952). However, Gurdon arrived at a different conclusion from Briggs and King. He transplanted the nuclei of small intestinal epithelial cells into enucleated unfertilized eggs and obtained tadpoles (Gurdon, 1962). His data suggested that the nucleus of a somatic cell could be reprogrammed, and thereby regain the ability to differentiate into many kinds of cells. In 1997, the cloning of a sheep demonstrated that mammalian somatic cells could also be reprogrammed (Wilmut, 1997). These data suggested that the information in the nucleus did not change irreversibly during development, and indicated that somatic cells have the potentially ability to differentiate into other kinds of cells after development.
Simultaneous joint inversion of refracted and surface waves (2010)

In this paper, we review the near‐surface challenges and present a new technique to address issues of shallow velocity model building. The method is based on simultaneous joint inversion of surface waves and first‐break picks. We show its application to a 2D line acquired in Egypt.
Ethnic variation in CYP2A6*7, CYP2A6*8 and CYP2A6*10 as assessed with a novel haplotyping method (2005)

Cytochrome P450 2A6 is the main human nicotine metabolizing enzyme coded for by a highly polymorphic gene, CYP2A6. CYP2A6*7, CYP2A6*8 and CYP2A6*10 are variant alleles common to Asian ethnicities. The CYP2A6*7 and CYP2A6*8 alleles each contain a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 6558T>C and 6600G>T, respectively, whereas the CYP2A6*10 haplotype allele contains both. We have developed the first haplotyping assay; it can unambiguously distinguish the CYP2A6*7, CYP2A6*8 and CYP2A6*10 alleles. The allele frequencies of these three variants were assessed using the novel haplotyping assay in Chinese-Canadian (n=112), Chinese-American (n=221), Taiwanese (n=319), Korean-American (n=207) and Japanese-Canadian (n=64) populations, as well as in Caucasian (n=110) and African-Canadian (n=113) populations. Our new method demonstrated higher frequencies of CYP2A6*7 and CYP2A6*10, and a lower frequency of CYP2A6*8 in Asian populations, but no significant change of allele frequencies in Caucasian or African-Canadian populations.
Identification of a Gene That Causes Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (1997)

Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Analyses of sequence tagged site (STS) content and haplotype sharing between families affected with chromosome 1q-linked open angle glaucoma (GLC1A) were used to prioritize candidate genes for mutation screening. A gene encoding a trabecular meshwork protein (TIGR) mapped to the narrowest disease interval by STS content and radiation hybrid mapping. Thirteen glaucoma patients were found to have one of three mutations in this gene (3.9 percent of the population studied). One of these mutations was also found in a control individual (0.2 percent). Identification of these mutations will aid in early diagnosis, which is essential for optimal application of existing therapies.
Brownian Dynamics Simulations of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Separation by Type Using Dielectrophoresis (2008)

We theoretically investigate the separation of individualized metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a dielectrophoretic (DEP) flow device. The SWNT motion is simulated by a Brownian dynamics (BD) algorithm, which includes the translational and rotational effects of hydrodynamic, Brownian, dielectrophoretic, and electrophoretic forces. The device geometry is chosen to be a coaxial cylinder because it yields effective flow throughput, the DEP and flow fields are orthogonal to each other, and all the fields can be described analytically everywhere. We construct a flow-DEP phase map showing different regimes, depending on the relative magnitudes of the forces in play. The BD code is combined with an optimization algorithm that searches for the conditions that maximize the separation performance. The optimization results show that a 99% sorting performance can be achieved with typical SWNT parameters by operating in a region of the phase map where the metallic SWNTs completely orient with the field, whereas the semiconducting SWNTs partially flow-align.
Characterization of an Anti-Factor VIII Monoclonal Antibody with A1 and A3 Epitopes Which Increases Factor VIII Activity. (2006)

Abstract Epitopes of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) neutralizing antibodies distribute all of the FVIII domains. They inhibit FVIII for instance by blocking the FVIII interaction with factor IXa, factor X/factor Xa (FX/FXa), phospholipid, von Willebrand factor, or thrombin. Therefore, localization of such FVIII inhibitory effect gives us useful information for understanding of FVIII structure and function. We expect FVIII enhancing antibody also may be a useful tool. In this study, we found an anti-FVIII monoclonal antibody (named by moAb216) that increased the FVIII cofactor activity. The addition of moAb216 increased FVIII activity by ~1.6-fold dose-dependently in one-stage clotting assay. The increase of FVIII activity in the presence of moAb216 correlated with that of generated thrombin or factor Xa in thrombin or FXa generation based-assay. Blotting analysis revealed that this antibody reacted with only intact FVIII molecule, whilst failed to react with either SDS-treated FVIII, FVIIIa (active-form), or isolated each A1, A2, and A3-C1-C2 subunit. Individual monoclonal antibody, with an epitope of the A1 or A3 acidic region in FVIII, competitively inhibited FVIII binding to moAb216 as well as the increase of FVIII activity by its antibody. However, anti-A2 or anti-C2 monoclonal antibody did not affect. These results supported that this unique antibody, with a discontinuous epitope spanning both acidic regions in the A1 and A3 domains, recognized the native conformation of FVIII. To examine the mechanism(s) of increasing effect by moAb216, we focused on the activation and/or inactivation of FVIII. Rate constants on thrombin- and FXa-catalyzed activation of FVIII in the presence of moAb216 were ~2 and 3-fold greater, respectively, in dose-dependent manners compared with that of FVIII in its absence. On the other hand, the antibody inhibited the activated protein C (APC)-catalyzed FVIII inactivation with ~10-fold lower of inactivation rate constant. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that moAb216 accelerated the cleavage at Arg372 in the A1-A2 junction by thrombin and FXa, whilst decelerated the cleavage at Arg336 within the A1 domain by APC. In addition, FVIII activity in the presence of moAb216 was more stable following heat denaturation analysis than that in its absence. We demonstrated that the increasing effect of FVIII activity by moAb216 was attributed to the change of cleavage at Arg372 and/or Arg336 in the heavy chain caused by interaction with the A1/A3 domains. Furthermore, moAb216 would be useful as a new replacement therapy for hemophilia A patients, since this increases and stabilizes FVIII activity, and can function even in the presence of anti-FVIII (A2 and C2) inhibitors.
Extracting uranium from carbonaceous ores. Report of investigations/1981 (1981)

As part of its goal of maintaining an adequate supply of minerals to meet national economic and strategic needs, the Bureau of Mines devised a processing sequence for recovering uranium from carbonaceous ores. Uranium extractions of 97 pct were obtained by contacting the ore with a solution containing 400 grams of ferric sulfate hydrate in 200 ml water for 3 hr at boiling temperature (96/sup 0/). Uranium was recovered from the leaching solution by solvent extraction with tri-issooctyl amine. The barren ferric sulfate solution was recycled to the leaching system. The leaching process resulted in no detectable dissolution of carbonaceous material from the ore.
High‐Gain and Low‐Driving‐Voltage Photodetectors Based on Organolead Triiodide Perovskites (2015)

Solution-processed organometal trihalide perovskite photodetectors show a high photoconductive gain of above 400 across the UV to NIR range at a very low bias of −1 V. The charge traps caused by large concentrations of Pb2+ cations at the top surface of the perovskite film are critical for achieving high gain in these devices via a trapped-hole-induced electron injection mechanism. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Soliton Laser (1984)

The soliton laser 1 is a novel mode-locked device employing a length of single mode fiber in its feedback loop. Its pulse width can be made to have any desired value, down to a small fraction of a picosecond, through choice of the fiber’s length. Operation is based on the ability of single mode fibers, in the region (λ> 1.3 µ m) of negative group velocity dispersion, to support periodic soliton pulses, as well as to narrow broader pulses of the same energy. 2,3 As the fiber is the all-important control element, pulse shape and width are largely independent of factors, such as details of gain dynamics, pump pulse width, etc., that are normally of prime importance in mode-locked lasers.
Separate and Combined Glucometabolic Effects of Endogenous Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 in Healthy Individuals (2019)

The incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are secreted postprandially and contribute importantly to postprandial glucose tolerance. In this study, we assessed the individual and combined contributions of endogenous GIP and GLP-1 to the postprandial changes in glucose and glucoregulatory hormones using the novel GIP receptor antagonist GIP(3-30)NH<sub>2</sub> and the well-established GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub> During 4-h oral glucose tolerance tests (75 g) combined with an ad libitum meal test, 18 healthy men received on four separate days in randomized, double-blinded order intravenous infusions of A) GIP(3-30)NH<sub>2</sub> (800 pmol/kg/min) plus exendin(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub> (0-20 min: 1,000 pmol/kg/min; 20-240 min: 450 pmol/kg/min), B) GIP(3-30)NH<sub>2</sub>, C) exendin(9-39)NH<sub>2</sub>, and D) saline, respectively. Glucose excursions were significantly higher during A than during B, C, and D, while glucose excursions during B were higher than during C and D. Insulin secretion (assessed by C-peptide/glucose ratio) was reduced by 37 ± 16% (A), 30 ± 17% (B), and 8.6 ± 16% (C) compared with D (mean ± SD). A and C resulted in higher glucagon levels and faster gastric emptying. In conclusion, endogenous GIP affects postprandial plasma glucose excursions and insulin secretion more than endogenous GLP-1, but the hormones contribute additively to postprandial glucose regulation in healthy individuals.