gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Cyclopenta[<i>g</i>]quinazoline-Based Antifolates as Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase and Potential Antitumor Agents<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Following the development of raltitrexed, the synthesis of nonpolyglutamatable inhibitors of TS that do not use the reduced folate carrier (RFC) for cellular entry should provide compounds which overcome mechanisms of resistance to folate-based inhibitors of TS that are associated with decreased/altered folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) expression and/or an impaired RFC. Examination of a computer graphics model of the humanized Escherichia coli TS enzyme with quinazoline inhibitors of TS, such as 1 bound in the active site of the enzyme, suggested that conformational restriction introduced by bridging the C9 with C7 to form a pentacycle may be beneficial for binding to TS. That led to the synthesis of a series of potent cyclopenta[g]quinazoline-based inhibitors of the enzyme in which the glutamyl residue associated with classical antifolates was replaced with a variety of glutamate-derived ligands; the most potent inhibitor being the L-Glu-gamma-D-GluT(alpha) derivative 7j. In the mouse L1210:1565 cell line (mutant RFC), the majority of these compounds had activity equal or only slightly greater compared with the parental L1210 cell line, indicating a reduced dependence on the RFC for cellular uptake in the L1210 cell line.
How to secure network application systems using cryptographic protocols: Electronic voting systems case : Securite technology (2002)

In this paper, we present cryptographic techniques for ensuring security properties required in electronic voting. In electronic voting, it is important to exclude faulty votes while ensuring the privacy of honest voters. We employ the idea of double-envelopes used in paper-based voting system, and employ cryptographic techniques to realize the same effect in the digital world. We also implemented the idea in a demonstrative system, and have shown that it only takes 20 minutes to process 10,000 votes using 1GHz personal computers.
Iron Loss and Acoustic Noise of Model Transformer Core under DC Biased Magnetization (2012)

The iron losses and acoustic noises of a model transformer core made of grain-oriented electrical steel sheets were investigated under DC biased magnetization while altering the amplitude of magnetic flux density, Bm, and the DC biased magnetic field, HDC, applied by the third windings. The iron loss increased as HDC increased up to100 A/m, while over 100 A/m, the increment of iron loss by DC biased field rapidly decreased. The increase in iron loss at the same HDC was largest at Bm:1.1−1.5 T. Meanwhile, the acoustic noise increased monotonically as HDC increased. The acoustic noise of odd-order harmonics was drastically increased under DC biased magnetization, and this is the primary cause of the increase in acoustic noise.
Radial profiling of the three formation shear moduli and its application to well completions (2006)

Abstract Near-wellbore alteration in shear stiffnesses in the three orthogonal planes can be described in terms of radial variations of the three shear moduli or slownesses. The three shear moduli are different in formations exhibiting orthorhombic or lower degree of symmetry, as is the case in deviated wellbores in triaxially stressed formations. These shear moduli are affected by factors such as overbalanced drilling, borehole stress concentrations, shale swelling, near-wellbore mechanical damage, and supercharging of permeable formations. The two vertical shear moduli C44 and C55 in an anisotropic formation with a vertical x3-axis are obtained from crossed-dipole sonic data, whereas the horizontal shear modulus C66 is estimated from borehole Stoneley data. The effective shear modulus C66 is smaller than the vertical shear moduli C44 or C55 in a poroelastic formation exhibiting high horizontal fluid mobility. Consequently, analyses of radial profiling of the three shear moduli in a reasonably uniform lithology interval yield useful correlations, with mobility impaired by an increased amount of clay or by near-wellbore damage in a shaley sand reservoir interval in a North Sea vertical well. Radial profiling results help to identify suitable depths for fluid sampling and to complete a well for optimum production.
Identification of a potent synthetic HIV1 immunogen compromising gag‐P24 tandem T‐ and B‐cell epitopes (1990)

Recent studies indicate that the gag gene products may play a crucial role in the immune response against HIV infection since clinical progression to AIDS is associated with a reduction in the level of circulating antibodies to gag p24 and antibodies raised against p17 peptide can inhibit HIV1 infection in vitro. Using conventional structure prediction algorithms for T-cell and B-cell epitopes, we have selected and chemically synthesized several gag peptides. In particular, an unconjugated HIV1-p24 peptide containing both B- and T-cell epitopes in tandem plus Freund's adjuvant induced a strong antibody response in both mice and rabbits against p24 and its precursor p55 as judged by immunoblotting. In addition, the peptide presented in the appropriate MHC context was shown to be highly stimulatory for p24 specific murine T-cell clones.
A fiber-optic DC magnetometer (1983)

An interferometric fiber-optic magnetometer capable of measuring dc magnetic fields is demonstrated. Sensitivity on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Oe per meter of sensor fiber at 1-Hz bandwidth has been achieved.
Mechanically Robust, Negative‐Swelling, Mussel‐Inspired Tissue Adhesives (2012)

Most synthetic polymer hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants swell considerably in physiologic conditions, which can result in mechanical weakening and adverse medical complications. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of mechanically tough zero- or negative-swelling mussel-inspired surgical adhesives based on catechol-modified amphiphilic poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers. The formation, swelling, bulk mechanical, and tissue adhesive properties of the resulting thermosensitive gels were characterized. Catechol oxidation at or below room temperature rapidly resulted in a chemically cross-linked network, with subsequent warming to physiological temperature inducing a thermal hydrophobic transition in the PPO domains and providing a mechanism for volumetric reduction and mechanical toughening. The described approach can be easily adapted for other thermally sensitive block copolymers and cross-linking strategies, representing a general approach that can be employed to control swelling and enhance mechanical properties of polymer hydrogels used in a medical context.
Total synthesis of calicheamicin .gamma.1I (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of calicheamicin .gamma.1IK. C. Nicolaou, C. W. Hummel, E. N. Pitsinos, M. Nakada, A. L. Smith, K. Shibayama, and H. SaimotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 25, 10082–10084Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00051a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00051a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2702Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Slingshot: Time-CriticalMulticast for Clustered Applications (2005)

Datacenters are complex environments consisting of thousands of failure-prone commodity components connected by fast, high capacity interconnects. The software running on such datacenters typically uses multicast communication patterns involving multiple senders. We examine the problem of time-critical multicast in such settings, and propose Slingshot, a protocol that uses receiver-based FEC to recover lost packets quickly. Slingshot offers probabilistic guarantees on timeliness by having receivers exchange FEC packets in an initial phase, and optional complete reliability on packets not recovered in this first phase. We evaluate an implementation of Slingshot against SRM, a well-known multicast protocol, and show that it achieves two orders of magnitude faster recovery in datacenter settings
Fuzzy logic control of CO2 laser welding (1993)

CO2 laser penetration welding is well known as a complex phenomena which makes modeling by mathematical techniques difficult and computationally intensive. Expertise in this field generally is acquired with experience and to some extent is empirical and intuitive in nature. To embed this knowledge in a closed loop control system an inference process is required that can encode the knowledge (in the form of rules) from an expert into a computer numerical algorithm. To this end an expert CO2 laser welding system is being developed which makes use of a video camera system programmed as a fuzzy controller to adjust in real time (up to rate of 28 Hz) welding speed to achieve and guarantee full penetration in mild steel. In the development system a Lumonics VFA 1700 CO2 laser is controlled through the CNC interface by an external 80386DX based PC. The PC ISA bus connects a digital servo motion controller and a frame grabber with on board digital signal image (DSP) processing capabilities. A standard RS-170 video camera with simple filtering provides images of the weld pool and plasma generated from the interaction to the frame grabber. The on board TI320C30 DSP processor has been programmed to first extract numerical information from the images suitable as system inputs to the controller. Further, the DSP processor has been programmed as a complete fuzzy logic controller (FLC). Input fuzzification, rule evaluation and output defuzzification processes all occur on the image processing board working independently from the host PC. In this paper we demonstrate using only the simplest image processing capabilities of the system and a minimum number of expert rules how the controller can recognize good penetration and correct for poor penetration and burn through conditions.
Optical coordinate transformations (1992)

A novel technique for designing holographic optical elements that can perform general types of coordinate transformation is presented. The design is based on analytic ray-tracing techniques for finding the grating vector of the element, from which the holographic grating function is obtained as a solution of a Poissonlike equation. The grating function can be formed either as a computer-generated or as a computer-originated hologram. The design and realization procedure are illustrated for a specific holographic element that performs a logarithmic coordinate transformation on two-dimensional patterns.
Baeyer-Villiger oxidations catalyzed by engineered microorganisms: Enantioselective synthesis of δ-valerolactones with functionalized chains (2002)

Cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter sp NCIMB 9871 expressed in baker's yeast and in E. coli and cyclopentanone monooxygenase (CPMO) from Comamonas (previously Pseudomonas) sp. NCIMB 9872 expressed in E. coli are new bioreagents for Baeyer-Villiger oxidations. These engineered microorganisms, requiring neither biochemical expertise nor equipment beyond that found in chemical laboratories, were evaluated as reagents for Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of cyclopentanones substituted at the 2-position with polar and nonpolar chains suitable for further modifications. Two such functionalized substrates that can be transformed into highly enantiopure lactones were identified. The performance and the potential of these bioreagents are discussed.Key words: enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, biotransformations, cyclohexanone monooxygenase, cyclo pentanone monooxygenase, engineered baker's yeast, recombinant E. coli, optically pure 2-substituted cyclopentanones, optically pure lactones.
Immortalization of Normal Adult Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells Using a Retrovirus Containing the E6/E7 Genes of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (2002)

A human middle ear epithelial cell line (HMEEC-1) was established using human papillomavirus E6/E7 genes. HMEEC-1 has remained morphologically and phenotypically stable, even after 50 passages. The cells are anchorage-dependent and nontumorigenic when injected into nude mice. This cell line thus provides a new tool for the study of normal cell biology and the pathological processes associated with the epithelial cells of the middle ear in otitis media. HMEEC-1 will also be useful in the search for new drugs and biological agents for the treatment of otitis media.
Chitinolytic Enzymes of<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>: Purification of Chitobiosidase and Endochitinase (1993)

Trichoderma harzianum strain P1 produces a variety of chitinolytic enzymes including N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases, chitin 1,4-β-chitobiosidases, and an endochitinase. Chitabiosidases and an endochitinase were purified from dialyzed, concentrated culture filtrates using gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and isoelectric focusing. Three protein bands were evident in the purified chitobiosidase preparation, representing different levels of N-glycosylation of the same protein. The pI of all purified proteins was ∼3.9 []
Quantitative real-time optical imaging of the tissue metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (2018)

The tissue metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (tMRO2) is a clinically relevant marker for a number of pathologies including cancer and arterial occlusive disease. We present and validate a noncontact method for quantitatively mapping tMRO2 over a wide, scalable field of view at 16 frames / s. We achieve this by developing a dual-wavelength, near-infrared coherent spatial frequency-domain imaging (cSFDI) system to calculate tissue optical properties (i.e., absorption, μa, and reduced scattering, μs', parameters) as well as the speckle flow index (SFI) at every pixel. Images of tissue oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentration ( [ HbO2 ] and [HHb]) are calculated from optical properties and combined with SFI to calculate tMRO2. We validate the system using a series of yeast-hemoglobin tissue-simulating phantoms and conduct in vivo tests in humans using arterial occlusions that demonstrate sensitivity to tissue metabolic oxygen debt and its repayment. Finally, we image the impact of cyanide exposure and toxicity reversal in an in vivo rabbit model showing clear instances of mitochondrial uncoupling and significantly diminished tMRO2. We conclude that dual-wavelength cSFDI provides rapid, quantitative, wide-field mapping of tMRO2 that can reveal unique spatial and temporal dynamics relevant to tissue pathology and viability.
A Tetravalent Formulation Based on Recombinant Nucleocapsid-like Particles from Dengue Viruses Induces a Functional Immune Response in Mice and Monkeys (2016)

Despite the considerable effort that has been invested in elucidating the mechanisms of protection and immunopathogenesis associated with dengue virus infections, a reliable correlate of protection against the disease remains to be found. Neutralizing Abs, long considered the prime component of a protective response, can exacerbate disease severity when present at subprotective levels, and a growing body of data is challenging the notion that their titers are positively correlated with disease protection. Consequently, the protective role of cell-mediated immunity in the control of dengue infections has begun to be studied. Although earlier research implicated cellular immunity in dengue immunopathogenesis, a wealth of newer data demonstrated that multifunctional CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses are instrumental for avoiding the more severe manifestations of dengue disease. In this article, we describe a new tetravalent vaccine candidate based on recombinant dengue virus capsid proteins, efficiently produced in Escherichia coli and purified using a single ion-exchange chromatography step. After aggregation to form nucleocapsid-like particles upon incubation with an oligodeoxynucleotide containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs, these Ags induce, in mice and monkeys, an IFN-γ-secreting cell response that significantly reduces viral load after challenge without the contribution of antiviral Abs. Therefore, this new vaccine candidate may not carry the risk for disease enhancement associated with Ab-based formulations.
Synthesis of RAFT Block Copolymers in a Multi-Stage Continuous Flow Process Inside a Tubular Reactor (2012)

This work describes a multi-stage continuous flow polymerisation process for the synthesis of block copolymers using the RAFT polymerization method. The process retains all the benefits and versatility of the RAFT method and has been adapted for a series of monomer combinations, including acrylates, acrylamides, and vinyl monomers. It resulted in polymers with molecular weights between 13500 and 34100 g mol–1, and dispersities typically between 1.21 and 1.58. Different architectures were prepared (including combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks) which are soluble in a range of different solvents including aqueous and organic media.
ErbB4 signaling stimulates pro-inflammatory macrophage apoptosis and limits colonic inflammation (2017)

Efficient clearance of pro-inflammatory macrophages from tissues after resolution of a challenge is critical to prevent prolonged inflammation. Defects in clearance can contribute to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, and thus may be therapeutically targetable. However, the signaling pathways that induce termination of pro-inflammatory macrophages are incompletely defined. We tested whether the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase, previously not known to have role in macrophage biology, is involved in this process. In vitro, pro-inflammatory activation of cultured murine and human macrophages induced ErbB4 expression; in contrast, other ErbB family members were not induced in pro-inflammatory cells, and other innate immune lineages (dendritic cells, neutrophils) did not express detectable ErbB4 levels. Treatment of activated pro-inflammatory macrophages with the ErbB4 ligand neuregulin-4 (NRG4) induced apoptosis. ErbB4 localized to the mitochondria in these cells. Apoptosis was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and was dependent upon the proteases that generate the cleaved ErbB4 intracellular domain fragment, suggesting a requirement for this fragment and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. In vivo, ErbB4 was highly expressed on pro-inflammatory macrophages but not neutrophils during experimental DSS colitis in C57Bl/6 mice. Active inflammation in this model suppressed NRG4 expression, which may allow for macrophage persistence and ongoing inflammation. Consistent with this notion, NRG4 levels rebounded during the recovery phase, and administration of exogenous NRG4 during colitis reduced colonic macrophage numbers and ameliorated inflammation. These data define a novel role for ErbB4 in macrophage apoptosis, and outline a mechanism of feedback inhibition that may promote resolution of colitis.
Direct, Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination of Racemic Allylic Alcohols (2012)

The direct route: iridium-catalyzed direct conversion of branched allylic alcohols into enantioenriched branched primary allylic amines is highly regio- and enantioselective.
Error correction for asynchronous communication (2016)

We propose a forward error correction scheme for asynchronous sensor communication where the dominant errors consist of pulse deletions and insertions, and where encoding is required to take place in an instantaneous fashion. The presented scheme consists of a combination of a systematic convolutional code, an embedded marker code, and power-efficient frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation at the sensor node. Decoding is first obtained via a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) decoder for the marker code which achieves synchronization for the insertion and deletion channel, followed by MAP decoding for the convolutional code. Besides investigating the rate trade-off between marker and convolutional codes, we also show that residual redundancy in the asynchronously sampled and quantized source signal can be successfully exploited in combination with redundancy only from a marker code. This provides a low complexity alternative for deletion and insertion error correction compared to using explicit redundancy.
LAPRAN: A Scalable Laplacian Pyramid Reconstructive Adversarial Network for Flexible Compressive Sensing Reconstruction (2018)

This paper addresses the single-image compressive sensing (CS) and reconstruction problem. We propose a scalable Laplacian pyramid reconstructive adversarial network (LAPRAN) that enables high-fidelity, flexible and fast CS images reconstruction. LAPRAN progressively reconstructs an image following the concept of Laplacian pyramid through multiple stages of reconstructive adversarial networks (RANs). At each pyramid level, CS measurements are fused with a contextual latent vector to generate a high-frequency image residual. Consequently, LAPRAN can produce hierarchies of reconstructed images and each with an incremental resolution and improved quality. The scalable pyramid structure of LAPRAN enables high-fidelity CS reconstruction with a flexible resolution that is adaptive to a wide range of compression ratios (CRs), which is infeasible with existing methods. Experimental results on multiple public datasets show that LAPRAN offers an average 7.47dB and 5.98dB PSNR, and an average 57.93% and 33.20% SSIM improvement compared to model-based and data-driven baselines, respectively.