gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (2000)

Abstract High efficiency photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems to produce hydrogen directly from water using sunlight as the energy source have been identified by DOE as one of the promising technologies to meet long-term hydrogen-production goals. In the PEC research at UH, our approach has been to compare alternate materials and system configurations using reactor modeling, and to identify and address the critical materials and photoelectrode-operation issues through extensive experiments in materials synthesis and in photoelectrode fabrication and testing. In 1996 we demonstrated direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies of 7.8% using a photocathode fabricated from 10% efficient triple-junction amorphous silicon solar cells. These prototypes were configured with a separate anode connect by wire to a photocathode. In subsequent years, our focus shifted toward the development of photoelectrodes with fully integrated cathodes/anodes. This year, we advanced the design of a new fully integrated and self-contained photoelectrode fabricated entirely with thin film processing and demonstrated a process sequence to fabricate prototypes. The new photoelectrodes again used multi-junction a-Si cells and sputter-deposited catalyst, contact, and protective films developed at UH. We also continued the development of optimal transparent-conductive and protective films. A deposition system for copper-indium -gallium diselenide (CIGS) films was installed (cost shared with other projects and UH support) as part of a new effort to develop higher efficiency photoelectrodes. The encapsulated design with side-by-side series-connected CIGS junctions has the potential to achieve 15% solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency. Plans are underway to demonstrate hydrogen-production using the a-Si photoelectrodes and to develop a fabrication process for high efficiency CIGS-based photoelectrodes.
Vaccinia Virus Complement Control Protein Modulates Inflammation Following Spinal Cord Injury (2003)

The vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP) possesses multiple modulatory functions. Functioning as a complement inhibitory protein, VCP reduces production of proinflammatory chemotactic factors produced during complement activation. Additionally, VCP binds heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, resulting in added functions shown to block monocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Using an in vivo spinal cord contusive injury model in rats, the inflammation-modulating abilities of VCP were evaluated. The results of both myeloperoxidase assaying and H&E stained section counts of spinal tissue reveal that neutrophil infiltration to the area of the lesion was reduced in animals that received VCP as compared to saline-injected controls.
Cooperative Fuzzy-Neural Control for Wastewater Treatment Process (2020)

Wastewater treatment process, including multiple biochemical reactions, is a complex industrial process with strong nonlinearity and time-varying dynamics. It is a challenge to design an effective controller for this kind of process. To solve this problem, a cooperative fuzzy-neural controller is proposed to improve the operation performance of wastewater treatment process in this article. The main advantages of cooperative fuzzy-neural controller contain the following three parts: first, a structure cooperative strategy is developed to adjust the number of fuzzy rules in the controller by coordinating the indexes of similarity and independent contributions. Then, the structure of cooperative fuzzy-neural controller with the balanced redundant degree and efficiency can be adapted to satisfy the different operation conditions of wastewater treatment process. Second, a parameter cooperative strategy is proposed to coordinate the global and local parameters of controller. Then, the parameters can be optimized together to meet the control requirements. Third, the stability of control strategy is given in details. Then, the corresponding stability conditions are shown to guide its application. Finally, the control performance is confirmed on the benchmark simulation model and real wastewater treatment process. The results demonstrate that the proposed cooperative fuzzy-neural controller can achieve superior control precision and low computational burden.
White light optical fourier transform device (1991)

The construction and operation of a new optical phase plate assembly is described that takes the Fourier transform of an intensity image in white light. It consists of symmetrical wedges of birefringent crystals that induce an angle between the wave fronts of the polarized components of the output beam. The wave-front angle is shown to be linearly proportional to the angle of incidence. This is sufficient to generate the necessary phase factor for a Fourier transform.
Dual-Polarized Left Handed Leaky Wave Antenna Using Grounded Coplanar Transmission Line (2018)

In this paper, we propose a leaky-wave dual-polarized sector antenna using a grounded coplanar transmission line adding left handed element as a small cell antenna for mobile communications such as LTE-Advanced. With this technology, it is possible to configure an antenna element that is shared by dual-polarized waves with a thin dielectric substrate. It is also possible to achieve high gain and suppression of cross-polarized waves by arranging a plurality of left handed transmission lines.
Dynamic control of a building fluid distribution system (2004)

This paper presents a method for dynamic pressure control of a building fluid distribution system. This control method is currently implemented as part of a remote centralized service of existing building automation systems (BAS). The framework, however, fits very well for future implementation as a stand-alone web application. The control topology first identifies the pressure model of the distribution system and then employs a predictive dynamic control model to minimize pressure requirements. The energy savings potential using this control methodology is substantial. Implementation at test sites has shown a reduction in energy (kWh) costs by as much as 50% as compared to the conventional fixed pressure control strategy. The control system also reduces noise and has fault detection and diagnostics capability.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated conversion of human platelet alloantigen allotypes (2015)

Human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) reside on functionally important platelet membrane glycoproteins and are caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes that encode them. Antibodies that form against HPAs are responsible for several clinically important alloimmune bleeding disorders, including fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and posttransfusion purpura. The HPA-1a/HPA-1b alloantigen system, also known as the Pl(A1)/Pl(A2) polymorphism, is the most frequently implicated HPA among whites, and a single Leu33Pro amino acid polymorphism within the integrin β3 subunit is responsible for generating the HPA-1a/HPA-1b alloantigenic epitopes. HPA-1b/b platelets, like those bearing other low-frequency platelet-specific alloantigens, are relatively rare in the population and difficult to obtain for purposes of transfusion therapy and diagnostic testing. We used CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9) gene-editing technology to transform Leu33 (+) megakaryocytelike DAMI cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to the Pro33 allotype. CD41(+) megakaryocyte progenitors derived from these cells expressed the HPA-1b (Pl(A2)) alloantigenic epitope, as reported by diagnostic NciI restriction enzyme digestion, DNA sequencing, and western blot analysis using HPA-1b-specific human maternal alloantisera. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to genetically edit this and other clinically-important HPAs holds great potential for production of designer platelets for diagnostic, investigative, and, ultimately, therapeutic use.
Laser Ablation Sampling of Materials Directly into the Formed Liquid Microjunction of a Continuous Flow Surface Sampling Probe/Electrospray Ionization Emitter for Mass Spectral Analysis and Imaging (2013)

Transmission geometry laser ablation directly into a formed liquid microjunction of a continuous flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization emitter was utilized for molecular and elemental detection and mass spectrometry imaging. The ability to efficiently capture and ionize ablated material was demonstrated by the detection of various small soluble n-mers of polyaniline and silver ion solvent clusters formed from laser ablation of electropolymerized polyaniline and silver thin films, respectively. In addition, analysis of surfaces that contain soluble components was accomplished by coating or laminating the sample with an insoluble film to enable liquid junction formation without directly extracting material from the surface. The ability to perform mass spectrometry imaging at a spatial resolution of about 50 μm was illustrated by using laminated inked patterns on a microscope slide. In general, these data demonstrate at least an order of magnitude signal enhancement compared to the noncontact, laser ablation droplet capture-based surface sampling/ionization approaches that have been previously presented.
Enantioselective Claisen Rearrangements:  Development of a First Generation Asymmetric Acyl-Claisen Reaction (2001)

The development of an enantioselective catalytic Claisen\nrearrangement remains an important yet elusive goal in chemical synthesis. With this objective in mind, we recently reported the acyl-Claisen rearrangement, a Lewis acid-catalyzed variant of the Bellus reaction that utilizes acid chlorides and allylic amines in the stereoselective synthesis of ɑ,β-disubstituted-y,δ-unsaturated carbonyls (eq 1).
Integrated Ultra Thin Flexible Inductors for Low Power Converters (2006)

The integration of passive components into the printed circuit board as embedded passives integrated circuits (emPIC) results in a higher power density of power converters. Here, we present ultra thin inductors that are integrated in a flexfoil printed circuit board, which results in flexible and bendable inductors of only 300 mum or even less thickness. This publication presents the manufacturing method, which is compatible to printed circuit board manufacturing processes. A number of various inductors ranging in their values from 1 muH to 2 mH and in their diameter from 4 mm to 30 mm are manufactured. The measurement results are discussed and compared to simulations with a good agreement. Using such an ultra thin inductor a low power boost converter was fabricated. The converter steps up the battery voltage of 3 V up to 15 V at 20 mA to drive a string of LEDs. The thin inductor fits underneath the conventional driver chip without significantly increasing the total building height. The total converter needs an area of 6 mm times 7 mm and would thus fit in a DIL6 package
Rapid-scan acousto-optical delay line with 34 kHz scan rate and 15 as precision (2013)

An optical fast scan delay exploiting the near-collinear interaction between a train of ultrashort optical pulses and an acoustic wave propagating in a birefringent crystal is introduced. In combination with a femtosecond Er:fiber laser, the scheme is shown to delay few femtosecond pulses by up to 6 ps with a precision of 15 as. A resolution of 5 fs is obtained for a single sweep at a repetition rate of 34 kHz. This value can be improved to 39 as for multiple scans at a total rate of 0.3 kHz.
Coherence of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensembles in diamond (2010)

We present an experimental and theoretical study of electronic spin decoherence in ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in bulk high-purity diamond at room temperature. Under appropriate conditions, we find ensemble NV spin coherence times $({T}_{2})$ comparable to that of single NV with ${T}_{2}>600\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}$ for a sample with natural abundance of $^{13}\text{C}$ and paramagnetic impurity density $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We also observe a sharp decrease in the coherence time with misalignment of the static magnetic field relative to the NV electronic spin axis, consistent with theoretical modeling of NV coupling to a $^{13}\text{C}$ nuclear-spin bath. The long coherence times and increased signal-to-noise provided by room-temperature NV ensembles will aid many applications of NV centers in precision magnetometry and quantum information.
Scheduling Transient Processes for Time-Constrained Single-Arm Robotic Multi-Cluster Tools (2017)

Multi-cluster tools are highly productive yet expensive wafer fabricating facility in semiconductor industry. Current competitive business trend requires high-mix and low-volume production of wafers. The size of a wafer lot is becoming smaller and wafer lots change more frequently. This brings up with many start-up and close-down processes. It is thus more and more important to control these transient processes to ensure the highest utilization of expensive facility. Since many wafer fabrication processes have strict residency time constraints after a wafer's processing, this work aims to schedule optimally the transient processes of single-arm multi-cluster tools subject to such constraints. For such tools whose optimal steady state schedules can be found, we propose linear programs to find the optimal schedules for start-up and close-down processes for the first time. The obtained schedules make the transitions between transient and steady states seamlessly. Examples are presented to illustrate how the proposed method outperforms the existing ones by about 10% throughput.
Peptide Anchor for Folate-Targeted Liposomal Delivery (2015)

Specific folate receptors are abundantly overexpressed in chronically activated macrophages and in most cancer cells. Directed folate receptor targeting using liposomes is usually achieved using folate linked to a phospholipid or cholesterol anchor. This link is formed using a large spacer like polyethylene glycol. Here, we report an innovative strategy for targeted liposome delivery that uses a hydrophobic fragment of surfactant protein D linked to folate. Our proposed spacer is a small 4 amino acid residue linker. The peptide conjugate inserts deeply into the lipid bilayer without affecting liposomal integrity, with high stability and specificity. To compare the drug delivery potential of both liposomal targeting systems, we encapsulated the nuclear dye Hoechst 34580. The eventual increase in blue fluorescence would only be detectable upon liposome disruption, leading to specific binding of this dye to DNA. Our delivery system was proven to be more efficient (2-fold) in Caco-2 cells than classic systems where the folate moiety is linked to liposomes by polyethylene glycol.
Making Procedural Water Waves Boundary‐aware (2020)

Abstract The “procedural” approach to animating ocean waves is the dominant algorithm for animating larger bodies of water in interactive applications as well as in off‐line productions — it provides high visual quality with a low computational demand. In this paper, we widen the applicability of procedural water wave animation with an extension that guarantees the satisfaction of boundary conditions imposed by terrain while still approximating physical wave behavior. In combination with a particle system that models wave breaking, foam, and spray, this allows us to naturally model waves interacting with beaches and rocks. Our system is able to animate waves at large scales at interactive frame rates on a commodity PC.
Combination of Conventional Chemotherapeutics with Redox-Active Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles—A Novel Aspect in Cancer Therapy (2014)

Nanotechnology is becoming an important field of biomedical and clinical research and the application of nanoparticles in disease may offer promising advances in treatment of many diseases, especially cancer. Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Redox-active cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) are known to exhibit significant antitumor activity in cells derived from human skin tumors in vitro and in vivo, whereas CNP is nontoxic and beyond that even protective (antioxidative) in normal, healthy cells of the skin. As the application of conventional chemotherapeutics is associated with harmful side effects on healthy cells and tissues, the clinical use is restricted. In this study, we addressed the question of whether CNP supplement a classical chemotherapy, thereby enhancing its efficiency without additional damage to normal cells. The anthracycline doxorubicin, one of the most effective cancer drugs, was chosen as reference for a classical chemotherapeutic agent in this study. Herein, we show that CNP enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in human melanoma cells. Synergistic effects on cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and oxidative damage in tumor cells were observed after co-incubation. In contrast to doxorubicin, CNP do not cause DNA damage and even protect human dermal fibroblasts from doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. A combination of classical chemotherapeutics with nongenotoxic but antitumor active CNP may provide a new strategy against cancer by improving therapeutic outcome and benefit for patients.
Polarization-maintained guidance of large-effective-area, higher-order-modes in fiber (2017)

In this paper, we present the fibre design and experimental verification of guiding light in two different polarization-maintained, large Aeff, high-order modes (HOMs) (LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0,4</sub> and LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0,8</sub> ). The cross-sectional are (A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) of the studied HOMs approaches 2240 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the HOMs propagate over 1 m long length of fibre (length of practical HOM amplifiers) with >13 dB polarization-extinction-ratio (PER). The HOMs exhibit group-birefringence values exceeding 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> .
Determination of Human Prothrombin Activation Fragment 1+2 in Plasma with an Antibody against a Synthetic Peptide (1991)

The present investigation describes a novel approach to prepare a specific antibody against prothrombin activation fragment 1 + 2 (F 1 + 2). The antibody discriminates between native prothrombin and F 1 + 2 in plasma. A synthetic peptide from the negatively charged region of F 1 + 2, which becomes the carboxy-terminal sequence after cleavage of prothrombin by factor Xa, was used for immunization of rabbits. Obtained antiserum was immunopurified and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was constructed for determination of F 1 + 2. The test system follows the sandwich principle and uses two different antibodies directed against F 1 + 2 and prothrombin, respectively. The ELISA was calibrated with purified F 1 + 2 added to F 1 + 2-poor plasma. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was 0.02 nmol/l. Coefficients of variation of 6.9 to 10.4% (intraassay) and 6.7 to 11% (interassay) were found for F 1 + 2 concentrations between 0.08 and 4.9 nmol/l. A reference range from 0.32 to 1.2 nmol/l was calculated from 95 healthy donors (mean value +/- SD: 0.67 +/- 0.19 nmol/l). In patients with deep vein thrombosis (n = 7) confirmed by phlebography and in patients with pulmonary embolism (n = 8) confirmed by lung scan, F 1 + 2 levels were found up to 1.5 to 9.5 nmol/l. In plasma samples of patients under oral anticoagulant therapy in the stable state F 1 + 2 concentrations were found to be in the range of 0.08 to 0.5 nmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conversion of lignins to hydrocarbon fuels (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of lignins to hydrocarbon fuelsJ. Piskorz, P. Majerski, D. Radlein, and D. S. ScottCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 6, 723–726Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00018a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00018a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1052Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed Optimal Power Flow Algorithm for Radial Networks, I: Balanced Single Phase Case (2016)

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem determines a network operating point that minimizes a certain objective such as generation cost or power loss. Traditionally, OPF is solved in a centralized manner. With increasing penetration of renewable energy in distribution system, we need faster and distributed solutions for real-time feedback control. This is difficult due to the nonlinearity of the power flow equations. In this paper, we propose a solution for balanced radial networks. It exploits recent results that suggest solving for a globally optimal solution of OPF over a radial network through the second-order cone program relaxation. Our distributed algorithm is based on alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM), but unlike standard ADMM-based distributed OPF algorithms that require solving optimization subproblems using iterative method, our decomposition allows us to derive closed form solutions for these subproblems, greatly speeding up each ADMM iteration. We illustrate the scalability of the proposed algorithm by simulating it on a real-world 2065-bus distribution network.
Fabrication and characterization of carbon nanotubes immobilized in porous polymeric membranes (2009)

We demonstrate that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the pores of a membrane can offer several advantages. A dispersion of CNTs in polyvinylidene fluoride was injected through a porous membrane, which immobilized the nanotubes in the pore structure. The CNTs served as a sorbent facilitating solute exchange between the two phases leading to enhancement of the enrichment factor by as much as 93%. The presence of CNTs also developed a diffusion barrier by sorbing solvent on its surface, which led to higher retention of the extractant within the membrane.