gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-Target Editing by CRISPR-Guided DNA Base Editors (2019)

Base editing is a genome editing strategy that induces specific single-nucleotide changes within genomic DNA. Two major DNA base editors, cytosine base editors and adenine base editors, that consist of a Cas9 protein linked to a deaminase enzyme that catalyzes targeted base conversion directed by a single-guide RNA have been developed. This strategy has been used widely for precise genome editing because, unlike CRISPR-Cas nuclease-based genome editing systems, this strategy does not create double-strand DNA breaks that often result in high levels of undesirable indels. However, recent papers have reported that DNA base editors can cause substantial off-target editing in both genomic DNA and RNA. The off-target editing described in these studies is primarily independent of guide RNA and arises from the promiscuous reactivity of the deaminase enzymes used in DNA base editors. In this Perspective, we discuss the development of DNA base editors, the guide RNA-independent off-target activity reported in recent studies, and strategies that improve the selectivity of DNA base editors.
Patterns of Daily Outdoor Light Exposure in Australian and Singaporean Children (2018)

Knowledge of these light exposure patterns may assist in the design of outdoor interventions, including school programs, to increase outdoor time in urban Asian populations.
The Seduction of Jim Gilmore (1995)

Argues for Jim Gilmore’s innocence on the charge of rape in “Up in Michigan,” contending that the application of contemporary standards and feminist language dealing with rape and female victimization do not apply in the nineteenth-century context of the story.
Exploratory Development of Corrosion Inhibiting Primers (1977)

The objective of this program was to develop a corrosion inhibiting primer suitable for adhesive bonding which can also serve as corrosion protection for detail aluminum parts. The developed primer must be adaptable to an automated application method. The program utilized the electropriming application method and investigated the polyester, acrylic, and epoxy electropriming resins. The anodic and the cathodic electropriming processes were evaluated. The cathodic application was shown to be the preferred method when compared to the interfacial oxide effects produced by the anodic applications. Results of these studies produced a cathodically applied modified epoxy electroprimer, 0-5301. Assessment tests of the C-5301 primer show acceptable corrosion protection capability and compatibility with current state-ofthe art paint primers and topcoats.
Sheathless inertial cell ordering for extreme throughput flow cytometry (2009)

Rapid and accurate differentiation of cell types within a heterogeneous solution is a challenging but important task for various applications in biological research and medicine. Flow cytometry is the gold standard in cell analysis and is regularly used for blood analysis (i.e., complete blood counts). Flow cytometry, however, lacks sufficient throughput to analyze rare cells in blood or other dilute solutions in a reasonable time period because it is an inherently serial process. In this study, we exploit inertial effects for label- and sheath-free parallel flow cytometry with extreme throughput. We demonstrate a microfluidic device that consists of 256 high-aspect (W = 16 microm, H = 37 microm) parallel channels yielding a sample rate up to 1 million cells s(-1), only limited by the field-of-view of our high-speed optical interrogation method. The particles or cells flowing through the channels are focused to one uniform z-position (SD = +/-1.81 microm) with uniform downstream velocity (U(ave) = 0.208 +/- 0.004 m s(-1)) to reduce the probability of overlap and out-of-focus blur and provide similar cell signature images for accurate detection and analysis. To demonstrate a proof-of-concept application of our system operating at these throughputs, we conducted automated RBC and leukocyte counts on diluted whole blood and achieved high counting sensitivity and specificity (86-97%) compared to visual inspection of raw images. As no additional external forces are required to create ordered streams of cells, this approach has the potential for future applications in cost-effective hematology or rare-cell analysis platforms with extreme throughput capabilities when integrated with suitable large field-of view imaging or interrogation methods.
Von den Wirtschaftswissenschaften — zum Instrumentarium der Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung (1992)

Der Versuch, eine genaue und zu dem noch kurze Definition des Begriffes “Wirtschaftswissenschaft” geben zu wollen, ist kein leichtes Unterfangen. Im weitesten Sinne kann man sagen, “economics is what economists do”, wobei wir aus dieser Tautologie nur herauskommen, wenn wir wüßten, was Ökonomen tun. Im Zentrum wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisinteresses stehen Fragen, die sich auf die Versorgung von Gütern einer Gesellschaft konzentrieren: Welche Güter produziert eine Gesellschaft, in welchen Mengen, auf welche Art und Weise und für wen? Warum stellt sich der Produktionsprozeß so dar, wie er ist und nicht anders? Wie wird sich der Wirtschaftsprozeß in Zukunft entwickeln? Welche alternativen ökonomischen Wahl- und Handlungsmöglichkeiten stehen einer Gesellschaft zur Verfügung?
The structure of the human apolipoprotein C-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, complete nucleotide sequence, and identification of 5' homologous sequences among apolipoprotein genes. (1985)

Cloned human apo-C-II cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to identify the human apo-C-II gene in a genomic library constructed in our laboratory. The isolated apo-C-II DNA was studied both by electron microscopy and by direct sequence analysis. Ultrastructural morphological analysis of RNA-DNA hybrids revealed that the apo-C-II gene had complex structures because of regions of inverted complementary sequences in and around the gene forming stem-and-loop structures which interfere with the formation of stable RNA:DNA hybrids. Extensive morphological analysis revealed a minimum of 3 intervening sequences (IVS), and their lengths were measured. Direct sequence analysis of the cloned gene confirmed the presence of 3 IVS. There are 4 Alu type sequences in IVS-I. We sequenced 4340 nucleotides which include 545 nucleotides in the 5' flanking region, the entire gene which spans 3320 nucleotides, and 475 nucleotides in the 3' flanking region which also encompasses an additional Alu sequence. The 5' end of the gene was identified by primer extension and sequencing of the primer extended cDNA. Apo-C-II mRNA structure was deduced from the cDNA sequence, the primer extension experiments, and the genomic sequence. It is 494 nucleotides in length. Its sequence differs from previously published sequences in that there are 7 additional nucleotides before the polyadenylate tail. In the 5' flanking region, nucleotides -234 to -213 encompass a GC-rich region which exhibits high homology (greater than 70%) to the 5' flanking regions of the genes of all the apolipoproteins published to date, namely, apo-A-II (-497 to -471), apo-A-I (approximately -196 to -179), apo-E (-409 to -391), and apo-C-III (approximately -116 to -103). This highly conserved region might represent some evolutionarily conserved sequences from these related genes and/or might represent a region with regulatory function.
A high-speed, profile data acquiring image sensor (2005)

A profile imager for high-speed automatic target tracking has the capability of executing both target-tracking control from a 512/spl times/512 image array of 20 /spl mu/m/spl times/20 /spl mu/m pixels and the acquisition of a sub-array, simultaneously. 128/spl times/128 partial images of an automobile license plate can be captured at 1620f/s. A 0.6 /spl mu/m 3M2P CMOS process is used to implement the 13.0mm/spl times/14.3mm imager.
Sea of leads: a disruptive paradigm for a system-on-a-chip (SoC) (2002)

The authors show that Sea of leads (SoL) is a disruptive paradigm for system-on-a-chip (SoC) because it intends to use wafer-level batch fabrication of ultra high density (>10/sup 4//cm/sup 2/) x-y-z compliant input/output leads and packages as well as wafer level DC/AC testing and burn-in to enhance performance, cost, size, weight, and reliability of a mixed signal SoC.
Yellow Luminescence and Hydrocarbon Contamination in MOVPE-Grown GaN (1996)

Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements were performed on GaN films grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) in order to study the origin of the yellow luminescence (YL) in this material. The development of the YL was followed as a function of deposition temperature between 650 and 1100°C, in relation with the microstructure and the contamination in carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen determined by thermal effusion measurements. The YL was found to emanate from the grain boundaries, where high concentrations of hydrocarbons are present. This contamination could be removed upon thermal annealing up to 400°C, whereas the YL remained constant. Thermal treatments up to 1000°C increased the YL by a factor of 1.5. Since GaN decomposes above (850 ± 20) °C by evaporation of nitrogen molecules, the participation of nitrogen vacancies in the YL mechanism is suggested.
Effect of Fermentation on Milk Fat of Swedish Fermented Milk Products (1982)

Triglycerides and free fatty acids were determined in milk and fermented milk products. Differences between unfermented and fermented milk products were small for the relative composition of fat (mono-, di-, and triglycerides, free fatty acids, and steroids) and for the fatty acid profile following hydrolysis.
Antimalarial Activity of Cryptolepine and Some Other Anhydronium Bases (1996)

Eight naturally occurring anhydronium bases and the synthetic quaternary compound Nb-methylharmalane were tested against Plasmodium falciparum (strain K1) in vitro. Cryptolepine was found to have similar activity to that of chloroquine but alstonine, 5,6-dihydroflavopereirine, matadine, Nb-methylharmalane, melinonine F, normelinonine F, strychnoxanthine and serpentine were found to have little activity. Cryptolepine, given orally to mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei was found to have moderate antimalarial activity; parasitaemia was suppressed by 80% at 50 mg/kg/day.
Image content matched directional filters for image coding based on contourlet transform (2013)

Due to the separability of its filters, the wavelet transform is suboptimal for transform coding of natural images. The contourlet transform is an approach to overcome this problem by employing directional filters. In contrast to the great number of filters available for the wavelet transform, few filters exist for use with contourlets. We describe a method for the design of directional filters, which can be tailored to specific image contents. The method numerically optimizes the coding gain of directional filters within the lifting framework. Thereto, a link is derived between the coefficients of directional filters and coding gain. An example of an optimized filter is presented and its superiority over a standard filter for contourlet based image coding is shown.
Reduction of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis stimulates biliary lipid secretion in mice # (2008)

Pharmacological modulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism showed surprising effects on lipid homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice. Upon administration of 100 mg AMP-DNM/kg body weight/day, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased, biliary lipid secretion doubled and also the endpoint of reverse cholesterol transport, neutral sterol excretion, doubled.
A novel synthesis and potent antiinflammatory activity of 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-oxo-1-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxamides (1992)

New antiinflammatory agents 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-oxo-1-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine-3- carboxamides 7 were designed and synthesized via a valuable intermediate, 1-phenyl-2H-pyrido[2,3-d][1,3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-dione (9). The nature of substituents on the amide nitrogen had a pronounced effect on antiinflamatory activity. Studies of structure-activity relationships led to compounds 33 and 34 bearing a pyridine ring on the amide nitrogen. Compounds 33 and 34 were active against carrageenin-, zymosan-, and arachidonic acid-induced rat paw edemas and also potently inhibited the reversed passive Arthus reaction in rats. Thus, they possess a broader spectrum of antiinflammatory activity than the classical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin and piroxicam.
Bridging the gulf (1998)

Compilers for ML and Haskell use intermediate languages that incorporate deeply-embedded assumptions about order of evaluation and side effects. We propose an intermediate language into which one can compile both ML and Haskell, thereby facilitating the sharing of ideas and infrastructure, and supporting language developments that move each language in the direction of the other. Achieving this goal without compromising the ability to Compile as good code as a more direct route turned out to be much more subtle than we expected. We address this challenge using monads and unpointed types, identify two alternative language designs, and explore the choices they embody.
Molecular characterization of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) isolated in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2016 (2019)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of a devastating pig disease present all over the world. The remarkable genetic variation of PRRSV, makes epidemiological and molecular analysis of circulating viruses highly important to review current diagnostic tools and vaccine efficacy. Monitoring PRRS viruses supports modern herd management by explaining the source of found viruses, either internally or externally from the herd. No epidemiological or molecular study has been published on circulating PRRS-viruses in the Netherlands, since the early nineties. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate circulating PRRS-viruses in the Netherlands in 2014, 2015 and 2016 on a molecular level by sequencing ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5, ORF6 and ORF7. The results demonstrate that the 74 PRRSV strains belong to PRRSV-1, but the diversity among strains is high, based on nucleotide identity, individual ORF length and phylogenetic trees of individual ORFs. Furthermore, the data presented here show that the phylogenetic topology of some viruses is ORF dependent and suggests recombination. The identity of the strain of interest might be misinterpreted and wrong conclusions may be drawn in a diagnostic and epidemiological perspective, when only ORF5 is analyzed, as performed in many routine sequencing procedures.
Epidural blood patch at C2: diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. (2006)

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a 37-year-old man with intractable headaches was diagnosed on MR imaging. A generous CSF leak was identified at C2 on CT myelography. Successful treatment was performed with CT-guided blood patch at the leakage site after the patient had failed 2 lumbar blood patches. Imaging-guided precise placement of the blood patch is safe and recommended when a lumbar blood patch away from the leakage site could be ineffective.
Combining Deblending with Source Deghosting (2014)

Summary A source array that generates both a downgoing signal and a ghost signal - caused by the strong surface reflectivity - is in fact a blended source array. The two unblended source wavefields involved in this blending process correspond to sources at the original location below the water level and to the corresponding ‘ghost’ sources at the mirrored location above the water level, the blending codes being 1 and −1 respectively. As a consequence, deghosting becomes deblending (‘echo deblending’) and it can be carried out with a deblending algorithm. In this paper we present an iterative deblending algorithm that includes the angle-dependence of the ghost: it is a full wavefield solution. The output of the algorithm are two ghost-free source arrays: one with the sources at the original location below the water level and one with ‘ghost’ sources at mirrored locations above the water level. Optionally, the case with the source (arrays) located at the water level is obtained as well.
Electrooptical logic operations with two-electrode distributed feedback injection lasers (1988)

Recently, we demonstrated utilization of the two-mode degeneracy property1 of distributed feedback (DFB) injection lasers for high-speed electrooptical switching.2 This paper reports electrooptical logic operations using a two-electrode DFB laser at a 1.3-μm wavelength. A complete set of AND, NAND, OR, NOR, and INVERT logic gates was demonstrated by detecting the output light of one of the two degenerate modes that were switched by electrical signals applied to the two electrodes.
Paciente con clínica neurológica como única manifestación de infección por SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

EDITOR de acuerdo con lo descrito por Matias-Guiu
The probably approximately correct (PAC) population size of a genetic algorithm (2002)

Probably approximately correct learning, PAC-learning, is a framework for the study of learnability and learning machines. In this framework, learning is induced through a set of examples. The size of this set is such that with probability greater than 1-/spl delta/ the learning machine shows an approximately correct behavior with error no greater than /spl epsiv/. The authors use the PAC framework to derive the size of a GA population that with probability 1-/spl delta/ contains at least one individual /spl epsiv/-close to a target hypothesis or solution.
Controls of soil organic matter on soil thermal dynamics in the northern high latitudes (2019)

Permafrost warming and potential soil carbon (SOC) release after thawing may amplify climate change, yet model estimates of present-day and future permafrost extent vary widely, partly due to uncertainties in simulated soil temperature. Here, we derive thermal diffusivity, a key parameter in the soil thermal regime, from depth-specific measurements of monthly soil temperature at about 200 sites in the high latitude regions. We find that, among the tested soil properties including SOC, soil texture, bulk density, and soil moisture, SOC is the dominant factor controlling the variability of diffusivity among sites. Analysis of the CMIP5 model outputs reveals that the parameterization of thermal diffusivity drives the differences in simulated present-day permafrost extent among these models. The strong SOC-thermics coupling is crucial for projecting future permafrost dynamics, since the response of soil temperature and permafrost area to a rising air temperature would be impacted by potential changes in SOC.
A Novel Virtual Channel Implementation Technique for Multi-core On-chip Communication (2012)

In this paper, a new approach for implementing virtual channels (VC) for multi-core interconnection networks is presented. In this approach, the flits of different packets interleave in a channel with a single buffer of nominal depth by using a rotating flit-by-flit arbitration. The routing path of each flit is guaranteed because the flits belonging to the same packet are attached with an ID tag at each router so that they are differentiable at downstream routers. We present this on-chip communication of packets through sharing of channel and buffer, which is a novel method of virtual channel implementation. Furthermore, we demonstrate it by adding arbitrary virtual channels depending on the number of packet requests for a physical channel. In this way, NoC (Network-on-Chip) contention can be removed cheaply. Moreover, we discuss contention free communication where the depth of shared buffer does not affect the performance. A contention-free communication with small (one) buffer depth can create an efficient on-chip communication with high performance, small chip area and low power consumption.
The One-Dimensional Hubbard Model (2005)

The description of solids at a microscopic level is complex, involving the interaction of a huge number of its constituents, such as ions or electrons. It is impossible to solve the corresponding many-body problems analytically or numerically, although much insight can be gained from the analysis of simplified models. An important example is the Hubbard model, which describes interacting electrons in narrow energy bands, and which has been applied to problems as diverse as high-Tc superconductivity, band magnetism, and the metal-insulator transition. This 2005 book presents a coherent, self-contained account of the exact solution of the Hubbard model in one dimension. The early chapters will be accessible to beginning graduate students with a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. The later chapters address more advanced topics, and are intended as a guide for researchers to some of the more topical results in the field of integrable models.
Human retinoblastoma gene: long-range mapping and analysis of its deletion in a breast cancer cell line. (1989)

Mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene is considered a fundamental event in the formation of several types of human cancer. A substantial proportion of RB gene mutations are partial or complete deletions that extend an unknown distance beyond one or both ends of the gene. To provide a framework for measuring the extent of these deletions, we have constructed a long-range restriction map of SfiI sites spanning 850 kilobases around the RB gene. This map was applied in a molecular analysis of RB gene deletion in breast cancer cell line MB468. A previous study of this cell line demonstrated deletion of the entire RB gene except for exons 1 and 2 (E. Y.-H. P. Lee, H. To, J.-Y. Shew, R. Bookstein, P. Scully, and W.-H. Lee, Science 241:218-221, 1988). Genomic clones containing the deletion junction were isolated from a library made from MB468 DNA. A probe obtained from the far side of the deletion junction was used to localize and clone the unknown 3' endpoint, demonstrating that the chromosomal mutation in this case was a simple deletion spanning 200 kilobases. Sequence analysis of the deletion junction indicated a conservative deletion with no loss or gain of nucleotides. The deletion endpoints had no sequence homology to each other or to any repetitive sequence family, such as Alu, so the recombination event was illegitimate. Structural analysis of this and other RB gene deletions is important for understanding molecular mechanisms of recessive oncogenesis.
Motivos de las mujeres indígenas sobre el uso y no uso del condón (2017)

Las mujeres indígenas son un grupo desfavorecido y vulnerable, que enfrentan una triple desventaja: ser mujer, ser indígena y ser pobre. Propósito: Explorar los motivos de las mujeres indígenas en relación al uso o no uso del condón. Método: A través de un estudio cualitativo, se entrevistaron a 15 mujeres indígenas de 18 a 60 años de una comunidad de Puebla. Resultados: De acuerdo a las entrevistas realizadas se identificaron dos categorías. Se encontró que los motivos por los que las mujeres indígenas utilizan condón son como protección, para evitar enfermedades y embarazos. Expresan que es necesario que la pareja este de acuerdo y tener conocimientos acerca de su uso. Los motivos del no uso del condón son: porque no se siente igual, es incómodo, la pareja no quiere usarlo, falla y no sirve, es malo usarlo, y quien lo usa no tiene respeto por sí misma. Además por la confianza que le tienen a su pareja y el haberse realizado algunos estudios de detección que al saberse sin ningún problema de salud, consideran no es necesario usar condón. Así mismo, se encontró que no se tiene información acerca del condón. Conclusión: Los hallazgos indican sobre la necesidad de profundizar en cada uno de estos tópicos con base en los motivos que las mujeres indígenas tienen acerca del uso o no uso del condón, situación que las expone a una conducta de riesgo al tomar esta decisión de acuerdo a lo que han escuchado o platicado con otras personas.