gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T cells clear influenza virus by perforin or Fas-dependent processes (1997)

Influenza virus infection is controlled in CD4-depleted mice that are also defective for the expression of either Fas (Fas-/-) or perforin (P-/-). Virus-immune P+/+ and P-/- CD8+ T cells can thus function in, respectively, a Fas-/- or Fas+/+ lung environment. The obvious question is whether the P-/- CD8+ set is effective in Fas-/- mice, a conclusion that would tend to favor cytokine secretion as the mode of virus clearance. Short term chimeras were made with P-/- bone marrow, P+/+ or P-/- T cells, and Fas+/+ or Fas-/- irradiated recipients. While the P+/+ CD8+ population cleared the virus from Fas+/+ and Fas-/- respiratory epithelium, the P-/- effectors were operational only if there was the potential for Fas to be expressed on radiation-resistant lung cells. Target cell destruction mediated via the Fas or perforin pathways is clearly the primary mechanism used by CD8+ T cells to terminate this viral pneumonia.
Evidence from neuronal heterokaryons for a trans‐acting factor suppressing THY‐1 Expression during neuronal development (1989)

The expression of Thy-1 on developing sensory neurons cultured in vitro is strictly regulated and follows a temporal course identical to that observed in situ. We have investigated the role of trans-acting factors in this innate regulation by constructing heterokaryons between mature Thy-1.1+ expressing neurons and immature Thy-1.2- neurons. It has been observed by immunofluorescence that within 16 hr of fusion, Thy-1.1 expression is suppressed in such heterokaryons. However, this suppression is reversible, and after 3-4 days in vitro, at the time at which Thy-1.2 is normally expression, there is re-expression of the Thy-1.1 molecule producing Thy-1.1+/Thy-1.2+ co-expressing heterokaryons. As nuclear fusion does not occur, it appears that a developmentally regulated diffusible suppressor molecule is responsible for these observations.
AlGaAs-GaAs and AlGaAs-GaAs-InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with Ag mirrors (1989)

We describe vertical cavity surface emitting lasers of GaAs active regions (0.7 μm thick) emitting at 0.85 μm and of In0.1Ga0.9As-GaAs active regions emitting at 0.90 μm. The vertical cavity is formed using an AlxGa1−xAs-AlAs quarter-wave stack as the n-type mirror and the metal Ag as the p-type mirror. The Ag mirror has potential for reduced series resistance, reduced thermal resistance, and more simplified device processing over other mirror structures for vertical cavity laser diodes. Current thresholds for pulsed room-temperature operation as low as 16 kA/cm2 for the GaAs and 51 kA/cm2 for the In0.1Ga0.9As-GaAs devices have been measured.
Long-Term Oral Anticoagulation Therapy and the Risk of Hip Fracture in Patients with Previous Hemispheric Infarction and Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation (2009)

Warfarin therapy has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of stroke in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation (NRAF). We showed that long-term warfarin therapy reduces vitamin K and second metacarpal bone mineral density (BMD) in NRAF patients who had previous hemispheric infarction. To determine whether warfarin is associated with increased hip fracture risk, we compared the incidence of hip fracture between post-stroke patients receiving warfarin therapy and post-stroke patients without such therapy. Eighty-four post-stroke patients with NRAF who had been treated with warfarin and 93 post-stroke patients without warfarin were followed for 5 years and their incidence of hip fracture was compared. At baseline and 3 and 5 years later, sera were collected from both groups. Sera were assayed for undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), bone Gla protein and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD). BMD was determined in second metacarpals. During 5 years, 8 hip fractures in the treated group and 9 hip fracture in the untreated group occurred (p = 0.92). After 5 years, serum ucOC concentrations were higher in treated patients (9.1 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) than in untreated patients (6.0 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). ucOC was significantly related to BMD in treated but not in untreated patients. Concentrations of 25-OHD were lower in both patient groups. Percent change of BMD from baseline was lower in treated patients than in untreated patients (p < 0.01). Long-term treatment with warfarin in stroke patients seems not to be associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.
Transcriptional census of 36 microdissected colorectal cancers yields a gene signature to distinguish UICC II and III (2006)

UICC stage II and III colorectal cancers (CRC) differ fundamentally in prognosis and therapeutic concepts. To analyze differential gene expression between both stages and to establish a relationship between molecular background and clinical presentation, tumor material from 36 unselected consecutive patients presenting with sporadic CRC, 18 UICC stage II and 18 UICC stage III, were laser microdissected to separate epithelial tumor cells. Gene expression levels were measured using U133A Affymetrix gene arrays. Twelve CRC associated signal transduction pathways as well as all 22,000 probe sets were screened for differential gene expression. We identified a signature consisting of 45 probe sets that allowed discrimination between UICC stage II and stage III with a rate of correct classification of about 80%. The most distinctive elements in this signature were the gene GSTP-binding elongation factor (GSPT2) and the transcription factor HOXA9. Differential expression of these genes was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (p(HOXA9) = 0.04, p(GSTP2) = 0.02). Despite the reliability of the presented data, there was no substantial differential expression of genes in cancer-related pathways. However, the comparison with recently published data corroborates the 45 gene signature showing structural agreement in the direction of fold changes of gene expression levels for our set of genes chosen to discriminate between both stages.
A high power density, high efficiency hydrogen–chlorine regenerative fuel cell with a low precious metal content catalyst (2012)

We report the performance of a hydrogen–chlorine electrochemical cell with a chlorine electrode employing a low precious metal content alloy oxide electrocatalyst for the chlorine electrode: (Ru0.09Co0.91)3O4. The cell employs a commercial hydrogen fuel cell electrode and transports protons through a Nafion membrane in both galvanic and electrolytic mode. The peak galvanic power density exceeds 1 W cm−2, which is twice previous literature values. The precious metal loading of the chlorine electrode is below 0.15 mg Ru cm−2. Virtually no activation losses are observed, allowing the cell to run at nearly 0.4 W cm−2 at 90% voltage efficiency. We report the effects of fluid pressure, electrolyte acid concentration, and hydrogen-side humidification on overall cell performance and efficiency. A comparison of our results to the model of Rugolo et al. [Rugolo et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159, B133] points out directions for further performance enhancement. The performance reported here gives these devices promise for applications in carbon sequestration and grid-scale electrical energy storage.
Estimated breeding values for meat characteristics of crossbred cattle with an animal model (1992)

Longissimus muscle area, shear force measure, and sensory panel scores for flavor, juiciness, and tenderness, and marbling score were obtained from 682 steer carcasses, resulting from crosses among five Bos taurus and Bos indicus breeds. The single-trait model used included birth year and as covariates breed fractions, weaning age, and days on feed. The numerator relationship matrix was for 1,350 animals (682 steers, 74 pure breed and 52 F1-cross sires and 542 dams). The coefficient matrix was inverted to examine standard errors of prediction. Estimated breeding value is the sum of the estimate of genetic deviation and the weighted (fractions) sum of estimates of breed effects. Heritabilities used in estimating breeding values were .62, .06, .05, .11, .05, and .43 for longissimus muscle area, shear force, flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and marbling score. Sires within a breed or crossbred group tended to rank similarly due to large differences among breed effects (e.g., the six Sahiwal sires ranked in the highest six places for shear force). These results illustrate that for traits with large breed differences, selection of the proper breed should be done before selection within that breed.
A Study on the Symbolic Notions of Haein Buddhist Monastery from the Context of Feng-shui (1995)

This study examines the Symbolic notions of Haein Buddhist Monastery based on the context of Feng-shui. Through the study, it is verified that the geographical features surrounding the Haein Buddhist Monastery are imbued with the basic layout of the monastery and the constitutional elements of the Haein Buddhist Monastery are structured and formed with the architecture and landscape of the monastery. Thus, the study maintains that the siting and the arrangement of the Haein Buddhist Monastery reflect the context of Feng-shui.
Biodegradation and Mineralization of Metolachlor and Alachlor by Candida xestobii (2010)

Metolachlor (2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)aceto-o-toluidide) is a pre-emergent chloroacetanilide herbicide used to control broadleaf and annual grassy weeds in a variety of crops. The S enantiomer, S-metolachlor, is the most effective form for weed control. Although the degradation of metolachlor in soils is thought to occur primarily by microbial activity, little is known about the microorganisms that carry out this process and the mechanisms by which this occurs. This study examined a silty-clay soil (a Luvisol) from Spain, with 10 and 2 year histories of metolachlor and S-metolachlor applications, respectively, for microorganisms that had the ability to degrade this herbicide. Tis paper reports the isolation and characterization of pure cultures of Candida xestobii and Bacillus simplex that have the ability to use metolachlor as a sole source of carbon for growth. Species assignment was confirmed by morphological and biochemical criteria and by sequence analysis of 18S and 16S rRNA, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses indicated that C. xestobii degraded 60% of the added metolachlor after 4 days of growth and converted up to 25% of the compound into CO(2) after 10 days. In contrast, B. simplex biodegraded 30% of metolachlor following 5 days of growth in minimal medium. In contrast, moreover, the yeast degraded other acetanilide compounds and 80% of acetochlor (2-chloro-N-ethoxymethyl-6'-ethylaceto-o-toluidide) and alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethylacetanilide) were degraded after 15 and 41 h of growth, respectively. The results of these studies indicate that microorganisms comprising two main branches of the tree of life have acquired the ability to degrade the same novel chlorinated herbicide that has been recently added to the biosphere.
Dynamically Unveiling Metal–Nitrogen Coordination during Thermal Activation to Design High‐Efficient Atomically Dispersed CoN<sub>4</sub> Active Sites (2021)

We elucidate the structural evolution of CoN<sub>4</sub> sites during thermal activation by developing a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8-derived carbon host as an ideal model for Co<sup>2+</sup> ion adsorption. Subsequent in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis can dynamically track the conversion from inactive Co-OH and Co-O species into active CoN<sub>4</sub> sites. The critical transition occurs at 700 °C and becomes optimal at 900 °C, generating the highest intrinsic activity and four-electron selectivity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). DFT calculations elucidate that the ORR is kinetically favored by the thermal-induced compressive strain of Co-N bonds in CoN<sub>4</sub> active sites formed at 900 °C. Further, we developed a two-step (i.e., Co ion doping and adsorption) Co-N-C catalyst with increased CoN<sub>4</sub> site density and optimized porosity for mass transport, and demonstrated its outstanding fuel cell performance and durability.
Logic Simulation Using Graphics Processors (2023)

Logic Simulation is widely used to verify the logical correctness of hardware designs. In this work, we present the implementation of a generic graphics processor based logic simulator and compare it with the corresponding CPU (desktop) based implementation. The motivation for this study arises from the increasing computational power of graphics processors (GPUs). Graphics hardware performance is approximately doubling every six months, and they are out-pacing CPUs in raw computational power. GPUs are becoming increasingly programmable and their prices are falling steeply. Most desktops now come built-in with programmable graphics processors. The highly parallel nature of graphics computations enables GPUs to use additional transistors for computation, achieving higher arithmetic intensity with the same transistor count. Applications such as Ray Tracing, Fluid Modeling, Radiology imaging etc have shown speed-ups on graphics processors. This led us to investigate the use of GPUs to run concurrent algorithms for logic simulation. We present the implementation and analyze performance bottlenecks and finally draw conclusions as to whether the GPU can be used for speeding up the logic simulation algorithm.
Determination of double bond position in mono-unsaturated acetates by mass spectrometry of dimethyl disulfide adducts (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of double bond position in mono-unsaturated acetates by mass spectrometry of dimethyl disulfide adductsHans Rudolf. Buser, Heinrich. Arn, Patrick. Guerin, and Stefan. RauscherCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 6, 818–822Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00257a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00257a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1098Altmetric-Citations336LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-dimensional oxidation (1983)

This paper introduces the first general two-dimensional oxidation model based on steady-state oxygen diffusion and the slow incompressible viscous flow of oxide. The moving-boundary problem is solved through a novel numerical technique based on pressure/velocity iteration and a boundary-value approach. The simulation results obtained for oxide shape and bird's beak size versus pad-oxide thickness are in excellent agreement with experiments. This model is also able to calculate stress on the silicon interface during oxidation; this calculated value (6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> dyne/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) also agrees with the measurement and reveals the tendency of stress to decrease with increasing pad-oxide thickness.
Segregated <i>versus</i> Mixed Interchain Stacking in Highly Oriented Films of Naphthalene Diimide Bithiophene Copolymers (2012)

Highly oriented films of an electron accepting polymer semiconductor, poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenedicarboximide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (PNDI2OD-T2), are obtained by two different methods, namely directional epitaxial crystallization (DEC) on 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and epitaxy on friction transferred poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) substrates. Two distinct polymorphs with unprecedented intrachain resolution are identified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Form I is obtained by DEC on TCB, whereas highly oriented films of form II are obtained on PTFE substrates after melting at T = 300 °C and cooling at 0.5 K/min. In form I, both electron diffraction and HR-TEM indicate a segregated stacking of bithiophene (T2) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) units forming separate columns. In form II, a ∼c/2 shift between successive π-stacked chains leads to mixed π-overlaps of T2 and NDI. Form I can be transformed into form II by annealing at T > 250 °C. The different π-stacking of NDI and T2 in the two polymorphs have characteristic signatures in the UV-vis spectra, especially in the charge transfer band around 750 nm which is also observed in spin-coated films.
Secure Physical Access with NFC-enabled Smartphones (2015)

This paper presents a smartphone-based physical access control system in which the access points are not directly connected to a central authorization server, but rather use the connectivity of the mobile phone to authorize a user access request online by a central access server.
Exploration of Type II Binding Mode: A Privileged Approach for Kinase Inhibitor Focused Drug Discovery? (2014)

The ATP site of kinases displays remarkable conformational flexibility when accommodating chemically diverse small molecule inhibitors. The so-called activation segment, whose conformation controls catalytic activity and access to the substrate binding pocket, can undergo a large conformational change with the active state assuming a 'DFG-in' and an inactive state assuming a 'DFG-out' conformation. Compounds that preferentially bind to the DFG-out conformation are typically called 'type II' inhibitors in contrast to 'type I' inhibitors that bind to the DFG-in conformation. This review surveys the large number of type II inhibitors that have been developed and provides an analysis of their crystallographically determined binding modes. Using a small library of type II inhibitors, we demonstrate that more than 200 kinases can be targeted, suggesting that type II inhibitors may not be intrinsically more selective than type I inhibitors.
Investigations of Laser Soldered TAB Inner Lead Contacts (1992)

Tape Automated Bonding (TAB) is a modern technology which meets the requirements for micro-connecting VLSI circuits. The limitations for gang bonding chips with high lead counts and reduced pitches are increased bond forces and induced mechanical stress. Laser soldering is an alternative for such contacts. Because microjoining of surfaces occurs via thermal energy from the laser beam, no mechanical pressure is necessary. Due to the optical properties of the laser beam and the possibility to reduce the laser spot, soldering of small pitches is possible. The results of TAB inner lead bonding with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser are presented. Tapes with three metallisations (Sn, Ni-Sn and Au) were laser soldered to bumps consisting of gold and gold-tin. The pull strength of laser soldered TAB-contacts was optimised by variation of laser power and reliability investigations were performed. The metallurgy of laser soldering is different and more critical to long term reliability than that of gang bonded ILB-contacts, even if identical tape and bump materials are applied. An accumulation of eutectic 80/20 Au-Sn solder in the bonded interface results in a strong degradation due to Kirkendall pore formation in the ternary Cu-Sn-Au system. The application of a tape with a diffusion barrier of Ni inhibits this effect. But during thermal ageing these contacts show a strong degradation of pull forces which is attributed to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds of the elements Ni, Sn and Au in the contact area. Laser soldering of Au-plated tapes to Au-Sn solder bumps is possible. The contacts show optimal pull forces and a minimal degradation after thermal ageing. This is attributed to the formation of an intermetallic compound with a high stability. The Zeta phase acts as a diffusion barrier between the copper lead and the eutectic Au-Sn solder.
Theory of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GaN</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mn/><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>¯</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>and (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>11</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>¯</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:math>) surfaces (1996)

The surface energies and atomic structures for two nonpolar surfaces of GaN have been calculated within the local-density approximation. For the ($10\overline{1}0$) surface, which has Ga-N dimers in the surface layer, the calculated surface energy is 118 meV/${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, and for the ($11\overline{2}0$) surface, which has Ga-N chains in the topmost layer, the energy is 123 meV/${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$. The relaxation mechanisms on both surfaces are a Ga-N bond contraction and a \ensuremath{\sim}7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} buckling rehybridization in the surface layer. For the ($10\overline{1}0$) surface we find that under Ga-rich conditions a nonstoichiometric surface having Ga-Ga dimers is stable with respect to the ideal Ga-N dimer-terminated surface.
Central office re-architected as a data center (2016)

CORD is a new design of a telco central office that replaces closed and proprietary hardware with software running on commodity servers, switches, and access devices. It allows network operators to benefit from both the economies of scale (infrastructure constructed from a few commodity building blocks) and agility (the ability to rapidly deploy and elastically scale services) that commodity cloud providers enjoy today. This article introduces the CORD architecture and describes an open reference implementation of CORD that is available for evaluation.
Homogeneous Voltammetric Immunoassay: A Preliminary Study (1979)

Abstract By taking advantage of the slow dissociation kinetics of antibody-antigen complexes, free antigen may be detected in the presence of bound antigen using continuous flow amperometric detection.
A 1-kb Alu-mediated germ-line deletion removing BRCA1 exon 17. (1997)

Although more than 100 different BRCA1 germ-line mutations have already been identified in breast and/or ovarian cancer families, we report for the first time a deleterious genomic rearrangement in BRCA1. A 1-kb deletion comprising exon 17 was found in a large breast and ovarian cancer family, leading to a frameshift in the mutant mRNA due to the absence of exon 17. This deletion is probably the result of a recombination between two closely related Alu sequences. It was not detected by conventional PCR-based methods involving the genomic screening of the 22 coding exons or reverse transcription-PCR because the transcript without exon 17 is unstable in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Therefore, rearrangements in the BRCA1 gene should be sought in breast/ovarian cancer families in which no mutations have been found by PCR-based methods in the coding region or in the splice sites.