gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usability of a mobile, group communication prototype while rendezvousing (2005)

Mobile phones are increasingly being used collaboratively by social networks of users in spite of the fact that they are primarily designed to support single users and one-to-one communication. It is not well understood how services such as group SMS, SMS-based discussion lists and mobile instant messaging (IM) will be used by mobile groups in natural settings. Studying specific instances of common styles of in situ, group interaction may provide a way to see behavior patterns and typical interaction problems. We conducted a study of a mobile, group communication probe used during a rendezvousing activity in an urban environment. Usability problems relating to group usage, phone interface design and context were identified. Several major issues included: multitasking during message composition and reading; speed of text entry; excessive demand on visual attention; and ambiguity of intended recipients. We suggest that existing mobile device designs are overly-focused on individual users to the detriment of usability for mobile groups of users. We provide recommendations for the design of future mobile, group interfaces, used in similar situations to those explored here.
A new memory allocation method for shared memory multiprocessors with large virtual address space (1997)

This paper proposes a new memory allocation method for shared memory multiprocessors with large virtual address spaces. An evaluation of its performance is also presented. For effective use of shared memory multiprocessors, it is important that no processor's execution is blocked. If several processors simultaneously access a shared variable, their processes are blocked and access to the variable is serialized. Thus, frequent access to shared variables reduces the parallelism. In particular, the parallelism is significantly reduced when a special shared variable – the ‘allocation pointer’ – is frequently accessed in the dynamic object allocation by an application program. In this paper, we propose a new method for allocating physical memory pages where the allocation pointer is monotonically increased in the virtual address space in contrast to the conventional method. This allows the critical sections for access to the allocation pointer to be executed effectively and atomically by using the fetch-and-add primitive. Our method improves the application program's parallelism by access to the allocation pointer with considerably short blocking time to the process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the Spectral Doppler Waveform of the Hepatic Veins in Health and Disease (2009)

Duplex Doppler sonography is a fundamental component of the complete ultrasonographic examination of the liver. Accurate interpretation of the spectral Doppler tracing from the hepatic veins is valuable, as it reflects important cardiac and hepatic physiology. Normally, there are four phases: A, S, V, and D; the S and D waves indicate flow in the antegrade direction toward the heart. In hepatic and cardiac disease, these normal waves may be absent, a finding indicative of flow in a nonphysiologic manner. In addition, transient patient factors such as phase of the respiratory cycle may influence the appearance of the spectral tracing. Familiarity with the normal and abnormal spectral Doppler waveforms from the hepatic veins and knowledge of their respective physiology and pathophysiology provide valuable insights. Systematic analysis of the direction, regularity, and phasicity of the spectral tracing and the ratio of the amplitudes of the S and D waves allows one to arrive at the correct differential diagnosis in most situations.
Supporting keyword search in product database (2013)

The ability to let users search for products conveniently in product database is critical to the success of e-commerce. Although structured query languages (e.g. SQL) can be used to effectively access the product database, it is very difficult for end users to learn and use. In this paper, we study how to optimize search over structured product entities (represented by specifications) with keyword queries such as "cheap gaming laptop". One major difficulty in this problem is the vocabulary gap between the specifications of products in the database and the keywords people use in search queries. To solve the problem, we propose a novel probabilistic entity retrieval model based on query generation, where the entities would be ranked for a given keyword query based on the likelihood that a user who likes an entity would pose the query. Different ways to estimate the model parameters would lead to different variants of ranking functions. We start with simple estimates based on the specifications of entities, and then leverage user reviews and product search logs to improve the estimation. Multiple estimation algorithms are developed based on Maximum Likelihood and Maximum a Posteriori estimators. We evaluate the proposed product entity retrieval models on two newly created product search test collections. The results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the existing retrieval models, benefiting from the modeling of attribute-level relevance. Despite the focus on product retrieval, the proposed modeling method is general and opens up many new opportunities in analyzing structured entity data with unstructured text data. We show the proposed probabilistic model can be easily adapted for many interesting applications including facet generation and review annotation.
High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of protein oxidations and resultant loss of function (2008)

MS, with or without pre-analysis peptide fractionation, can be used to decipher the residues on proteins where oxidative modifications caused by peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen or electrophilic lipids have occurred. Peroxynitrite nitrates tyrosine and tryptophan residues on the surface of actin. Singlet oxygen, formed by the interaction of UVA light with tryptophan, can oxidize neighbouring cysteine, histidine, methionine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Dose-response inactivation by 4HNE (4-hydroxynonenal) of hBAT (human bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase) and CKBB (cytosolic brain isoform of creatine kinase) is associated with site-specific modifications. FT-ICR (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance)-MS using nanoLC (nano-liquid chromatography)-ESI (electrospray ionization)-MS or direct-infusion ESI-MS with gas-phase fractionation identified 14 4HNE adducts on hBAT and 17 on CKBB respectively. At 4HNE concentrations in the physiological range, one member of the catalytic triad of hBAT (His362) was modified; for CKBB, although all four residues in the active site that were modifiable by 4HNE were ultimately modified, only one, Cys283, occurred at physiological concentrations of 4HNE. These results suggest that future in vivo studies should carefully assess the critical sites that are modified rather than using antibodies that do not distinguish between different modified sites.
Temporal changes of the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in BALB/c mice skin after a single dose UVB irradiation (2001)

Skin is constantly exposed to air, solar radiation, ozone and other air pollutants formulating free radicals. The reactive oxygen species(ROS), formed under these conditions, are associated with skin cancers, cutaneous photoaging, and cutaneous inflammatory disorders. In this study, we sought to establish an animal model for UVB-induced skin alteration using BALB/c mice. The level of UVB irradiation used in this model was within physiological dose. BALB/c mice were exposed to a single dose of UVB ( and were sacrificed at 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours following the irradiation. The effect of a single exposure to UVB irradiation on skin catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities were examined. Significant decrease in the activity of all enzymes were observed at 6 hours after irradiation(p
Well-aligned molybdenum oxide nanorods on metal substrates: solution-based synthesis and their electrochemical capacitor application (2010)

In this work, we have successfully developed a mild solution-based route to elaborate well-aligned MoO3 and MoO2 nanorods as the electrode active materials directly on metallic current collectors for the first time. Prior to nanostructure growth, an incubation layer, containing peroxomolybdate precursors is deposited on the selected Cu foil, which has been found to play a crucial role on the oriented alignment of molybdenum oxide nanorods. The nanorod arrays are generated on the pre-treated Cu substrate by initial heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth from an aqueous or ethanol solution of a peroxomolybdate precursor. A good electrical transport and interaction with nanorod–Cu metal contacts are revealed by the current–voltage characteristics in this work. While such molybdenum oxide array films adhering to copper foil were employed directly as an integrative working electrode, the capacitive behaviors indicate that both molybdenum oxide array electrodes possess high specific capacitance and excellent cycle retention for electrochemical supercapacitor applications, which are investigated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements at different current densities. Such enhancements are predominantly attributed to the direct lengthways electronic pathways, increased effective surface area and low contact resistance between the aligned nanorods and the Cu current collector junctions.
A Case Study on the Advantages of 3D Walkthroughs over Photo Stitching Techniques (2016)

Virtual tours and interactive walkthroughs enable a more in-depth platform for communicating information. Many current techniques employ the use of Photo Stitching to accomplish this. However, over the last decade advancements in computing power and the accessibility of game engines, meant that developing rich 3D content for virtual tours is more possible than ever before. As such, the purpose of this paper is to present a study into the advantages of developing an interactive 3D virtual tour of student facilities, using the Unreal Development 4 Game Engine, for educational establishments. The project aims to demonstrate a comparison between the use of Photo Stitching and 3D Modelled interactive walkthrough for developing rich visual environments. The research reveals that the approach in this paper can improve educational facilities prominence within universities, and contains many advantages over Photo Stitching techniques.
Electronic Structural Moiré Pattern Effects on MoS<sub>2</sub>/MoSe<sub>2</sub> 2D Heterostructures (2013)

The structural and electronic properties of MoS2/MoSe2 bilayers are calculated using first-principles methods. It is found that the interlayer van der Waals interaction is not strong enough to form a lattice-matched coherent heterostructure. Instead, a nanometer-scale Moiré pattern structure will be formed. By analyzing the electronic structures of different stacking configurations, we predict that the valence-band maximum (VBM) state will come from the Γ point due to interlayer electronic coupling. This is confirmed by a direct calculation of a Moiré pattern supercell containing 6630 atoms using the linear scaling three-dimensional fragment method. The VBM state is found to be strongly localized, while the conduction band minimum (CBM) state is only weakly localized, and it comes from the MoS2 layer at the K point. We predict such wave function localization can be a general feature for many two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures and can have major impacts on the carrier mobility and other electronic and optical properties.
Harnessing structure-activity relationship to engineer a cisplatin nanoparticle for enhanced antitumor efficacy (2010)

Cisplatin is a first line chemotherapy for most types of cancer. However, its use is dose-limited due to severe nephrotoxicity. Here we report the rational engineering of a novel nanoplatinate inspired by the mechanisms underlying cisplatin bioactivation. We engineered a novel polymer, glucosamine-functionalized polyisobutylene-maleic acid, where platinum (Pt) can be complexed to the monomeric units using a monocarboxylato and an O --> Pt coordinate bond. We show that at a unique platinum to polymer ratio, this complex self-assembles into a nanoparticle, which releases cisplatin in a pH-dependent manner. The nanoparticles are rapidly internalized into the endolysosomal compartment of cancer cells, and exhibit an IC50 (4.25 +/- 0.16 microM) comparable to that of free cisplatin (3.87 +/- 0.37 microM), and superior to carboplatin (14.75 +/- 0.38 microM). The nanoparticles exhibited significantly improved antitumor efficacy in terms of tumor growth delay in breast and lung cancers and tumor regression in a K-ras(LSL/+)/Pten(fl/fl) ovarian cancer model. Furthermore, the nanoparticle treatment resulted in reduced systemic and nephrotoxicity, validated by decreased biodistribution of platinum to the kidney as quantified using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Given the universal need for a better platinate, we anticipate this coupling of nanotechnology and structure-activity relationship to rationally reengineer cisplatin could have a major impact globally in the clinical treatment of cancer.
NEW INVESTIGATOR AWARD FINALISTS NIA0001 Induction of differentiation in human preadipocytes may contribute to adipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad‐36 (2006)

Human adenovirus Ad‐36 causes adiposity in animal models and shows association with human obesity. The mechanism involved is unknown. We previously reported that Ad‐36 enhances differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and E4orf‐1 gene of the virus is responsible for the adipogenic effect in the rodent cell line. We undertook a three‐step approach to investigate the role of preadipocyte differentiation in adipogenic effect of Ad‐36. First, we showed that the viral mRNA is expressed in adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) of animals experimentally infected with Ad‐36. Infection of rats with Ad‐36 resulted in increased epididymal fat pad weight and the expression of Ad‐36 E4orf‐1 mRNA was detected in ASC isolated from the fat pads. Next, we determined if humans naturally infected with Ad‐36 will show greater preadipocyte differentiation. Subcutaneous adipose‐tissue samples from 33 Pima Indian subjects were screened by nested‐PCR specific for Ad‐36 DNA. Nine subjects (27%) had Ad‐36 DNA. A blinded comparison of their ASC showed greater differentiation to adipocytes for the Ad‐36 DNA positive subjects ( P = 0.06) compared to the Ad‐36 DNA negative group. Finally, we used a direct approach. Human‐ASC when infected with Ad‐36 showed spontaneous replication, differentiation, and lipid accumulation, which was significantly greater than the uninfected controls ( P < 0.01). Ad‐36 induced lipid accumulation in human‐ASC increased in response to the viral load and the lipogenic response was observed regardless of the donor gender and over an age range of 22–57 years. These results suggest that ability of Ad‐36 to induce preadipocyte differentiation may play a role in human adiposity.
Multilevel circuit partitioning (1998)

Many previous works in partitioning have used some underlying clustering algorithm to improve performance. As problem sizes reach new levels of complexity, a single application of a clustering algorithm is insufficient to produce excellent solutions. Recent work has illustrated the promise of multilevel approaches. A multilevel partitioning algorithm recursively clusters the instance until its size is smaller than a given threshold, then unclusters the instance, while applying a partitioning refinement algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new multilevel partitioning algorithm that exploits some of the latest innovations of classical iterative partitioning approaches. Our method also uses a new technique to control the number of levels in our matching-based clustering algorithm. Experimental results show that our heuristic outperforms numerous existing bipartitioning heuristics with improvements ranging from 6.9 to 27.9% for 100 runs and 3.0 to 20.6% for just ten runs (while also using less CPU time). Further, our algorithm generates solutions better than the best known mincut bipartitionings for seven of the ACM/SIGDA benchmark circuits, including golem3 (which has over 100000 cells). We also present quadrisection results which compare favorably to the partitionings obtained by the GORDIAN cell placement tool. Our work in multilevel quadrisection has been used as the basis for an effective cell placement package.
Positive and Negative Regulation of D-type Cyclin Expression in Skeletal Myoblasts by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor β (1995)

Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts in culture is negatively regulated by certain growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). We investigated the effects of bFGF and TGF beta on D-type cyclin expression in skeletal myoblasts. When myoblasts were induced to differentiate in low mitogen medium, expression of cyclin D1 rapidly fell below detectable levels. In contrast, expression of cyclin D3 increased to levels exceeding those present in myoblasts. Expression of cyclin D1 was induced in myoblasts by bFGF and TGF beta (albeit with different kinetics for each factor), while induction of cyclin D3 expression was inhibited by these growth factors. Although these results are consistent with other reports showing induction of cyclin D1 by growth factors, induction of cyclin D3 expression during terminal differentiation of myoblasts and inhibition of this induction by growth factors is surprising. These results suggest that cyclin D3, previously thought to be only a positive regulator of cell cycle progression, may also function in the cellular context of terminal differentiated muscle. Stable expression of cyclin D1 from an ectopic viral promoter inhibits C2C12 myoblast differentiation, but only in those clones where the level of cyclin D1 expression does not significantly exceed that present in control myoblasts stimulated by bFGF. Together, these result suggest that cyclin D1 expression functions in the inhibition of myoblast differentiation by certain growth factors.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Direct Red-23 Dye with ZnO Nanoparticles (2014)

This work reports a facile and large-scale synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by simple self-propagating solution combustion method using dextrose as fuel and their effective use as a photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Direct Red-23 (DR-23) dye in an immersion well type photo-reactor. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical tools using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-Vis. spectroscopy measurements. The detailed characterizations confirmed that the prepared ZnO nanoparticles are pure, well-crystalline and possessing wurtzite hexagonal phase. Almost complete photo-degradation of the DR-23 was observed in 110 min. under UV irradiation in presence of ZnO nanoparticle photocatalyst. This study reveals that simply prepared ZnO nanomaterials are effective photocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of various toxic chemicals and pollutants.
An Empirical Comparison of Discretization Methods (1995)

Many machine learning and neurally inspired algorithms are limited, at least in their pure form, to working with nominal data. However, for many real-world problems, some provision must be made to support processing of continuously valued data. This paper presents empirical results obtained by using six different discretization methods as preprocessors to three different supervised learners on several real-world problems. No discretization technique clearly outperforms the others. Also, discretization as a preprocessing step is in many cases found to be inferior to direct handling of continuously valued data. These results suggest that machine learning algorithms should be designed to directly handle continuously valued data rather than relying on preprocessing or ad hoc techniques. 1.
Lipid lowering: an important factor in preventing adriamycin-induced heart failure. (1997)

The contribution of lipid lowering in protection against adriamycin cardiomyopathy achieved by probucol, an antioxidant and a lipid-lowering drug, was assessed by comparing its beneficial effects with that of lovastatin, another lipid-lowering drug with no known antioxidant properties. Adriamycin (cumulative dose, 15 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats in 6 equal injections (intraperitoneally) over a period of 2 weeks. Probucol (cumulative dose, 120 mg/kg body weight) or lovastatin (cumulative dose, 48 mg/kg body weight) was given in 12 equal injections (intraperitoneally) before and concurrent with adriamycin. After 3 weeks of post-treatment with adriamycin, congestive heart failure, ascites, congested liver, and depressed cardiac function were seen. Adriamycin treatment decreased glutathione peroxidase activity and increased lipid peroxidation. Adriamycin increased plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. Myocardial triglycerides and total cholesterol were also increased. Probucol completely prevented the development of congestive heart failure and normalized myocardial and plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol, and significantly decreased plasma high- and low-density lipoproteins. Lovastatin significantly attenuated but did not completely prevent cardiomyopathic changes due to adriamycin. Lovastatin decreased plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins as well as myocardial triglycerides and total cholesterol. Plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins were still high in the adriamycin plus lovastatin group. Probucol improved glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation whereas lovastatin had no effect on these adriamycin-induced changes. These data suggest that adriamycin cardiomyopathy is associated with an antioxidant deficit as well as increased myocardial and plasma lipids. Complete protection by probucol against adriamycin-induced congestive heart failure may be due to the unique combination of its antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties.
Sourcing the Sources (2018)

Social media today are playing a more important role as a news source than ever before. Yet, there have been no longitudinal studies on journalists’ sourcing practices in recent years that allow us to consider the mechanisms of innovation diffusion. Comparative studies of different social platforms in different media systems are just as rare. We therefore examine the use of Facebook and Twitter as journalistic sources in newspapers of three countries. A main finding is that, after a period of stagnation at the beginning of this decade, the use of social media sources has resurged massively in recent years. The patterns of this second rise of social media in journalism are almost identical in the analyzed newspapers. A comparison of the platforms has shown that Twitter is more commonly used as a news source than Facebook. Compared to Facebook, Twitter is primarily used as an elite channel. An unsupervised topic clustering approach (LDA) also revealed that the issues on which social media are sourced and the quantities of social media references are similar in The New York Times and The Guardian. In Süddeutsche Zeitung, however, journalists source social media considerably less, and in different thematic contexts.