gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunization of Cats against Shedding of Toxoplasma Oocysts (1982)

Development of immunity to the shedding of oocysts was examined in 75 kittens that survived infection with the three stages of Toxoplasma gondii. Of 16 kittens fed bradyzoites in cysts, 94% were immune and did not shed oocysts. Of seven injected with tachyzoites 86% were immune. Of 18 fed sporozoites only 11% were immune, but following injection, 54% of 12 were immune. After the administration of either bradyzoites or tachyzoites from nonoocyst-producing strains, only 9% of 22 were immune. Considering all inocula, immunity was present in 93% of kittens that had previously shed oocysts, 25% of those that only develop antibody, and none that had neither shed nor developed an antibody titer. After a second challenge with a different isolate, a similar percentage of immunity was observed. Infection with killed tachyzoites, alone, or together with Freund's complete or incomplete adjuvants was followed by immunity in only one of 24 kittens. Eighty-five percent of 13 kittens were immune, after they had been treated prophylactically with 200 mg/kg monensin, or 60 mg/kg cat sulfadiazine combined with 1 mg/kg cat of pyrimethamine; oocyst shedding had been suppressed in all. It is concluded that cats can be immunized against oocyst shedding by infections where oocysts are produced, or where developmental stages are suppressed by chemoprophylaxis, but not if enteroepithelial stages are absent, as in the oocyst-less strain examined.
Architectural Support for Containment-based Security (2019)

Software security techniques rely on correct execution by the hardware. Securing hardware components has been challenging due to their complexity and the proportionate attack surface they present during their design, manufacture, deployment, and operation. Recognizing that external communication represents one of the greatest threats to a system's security, this paper introduces the TrustGuard containment architecture. TrustGuard contains malicious and erroneous behavior using a relatively simple and pluggable gatekeeping hardware component called the Sentry. The Sentry bridges a physical gap between the untrusted system and its external interfaces. TrustGuard allows only communication that results from the correct execution of trusted software, thereby preventing the ill effects of actions by malicious hardware or software from leaving the system. The simplicity and pluggability of the Sentry, which is implemented in less than half the lines of code of a simple in-order processor, enables additional measures to secure this root of trust, including formal verification, supervised manufacture, and supply chain diversification with less than a 15% impact on performance.
Giant anisotropies in the dielectric properties of quasi-epitaxial crystalline organic semiconductor thin films (1991)

We have measured the indices of refraction and dielectric constants along different directions in thin films of the crystalline organic semiconductor compound 3, 4, 9, 10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). The films were deposited via organic molecular beam deposition, resulting in single-crystalline, ‘‘quasi-epitaxial’’ films. Due to inherent asymmetries in the molecular crystal structure, film ordering results in giant anisotropies in their dielectric properties. For example, the index of refraction measured at a wavelength of λ=1.064 μm in the direction perpendicular to the substrate plane is n⊥ = 1.36 ± 0.01, whereas parallel to the plane, n∥=2.017±0.005, resulting in an index difference of Δn=0.66. Furthermore, the low-frequency dielectric constant of the films is ε⊥ = 1.9 ± 0.1 and ε∥ = 4.5 ± 0.2. To our knowledge, these are the largest anisotropies ever measured for thin films. We discuss a guided wave polarization-selective device which takes advantage of the large dielectric anisotropies characteristic of the thin organic films.
Dynamic voltage scaling on MPEG decoding (2002)

A number of research efforts have been devoted to reduce energy consumption of a processor without impacting the performance through the use of dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). The paper presents two DVS algorithms on MPEG decoding. One is DVS with delay and drop rate minimizing algorithm (DVS-DM) where voltage is determined based on previous workload only. Another algorithm scales the supply voltage according to the predicted MPEG decoding time and previous workload (DVS with predicted decoding time or DVS-PD). Simulation results show that DVS-PD improves energy efficiency as much as 56% compared to the conventional shutdown algorithm. We also found that the amount of energy saving with DVS-PD is not affected by the fluctuation of the movie stream, but is related to the error rate of the predictor, which implies that if decoding time is predicted more accurately, the DVS algorithm can be more efficient.
<title>Application of laser direct-write techniques for embedding electronic and micropower components</title> (2004)

Significant reduction in weight and volume for a given circuit design can be obtained by embedding the required surface mount devices, bare die and power source elements into the circuit board. In addition, embedded structures allow for improved electrical performance and enhanced function integration within traditional circuit board substrates and non-traditional surfaces such as the external case. Laser-based direct-write techniques can be used for developing such embedded structures at a fraction of the cost and in less time that it would take to develop system-on-chip alternatives such as ASIC's. Laser micromachining has been used in the past to machine vias and trenches on circuit board substrates with great precision, while laser forward transfer has been used to deposit patterns and multilayers of various electronic materials. This paper describes recent work performed at the Naval Research Laboratory using the above laser direct-write techniques to machine the surface and deposit the materials required to embed, connect and encapsulate individual electronic components and microbatteries inside a plastic substrate.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of the Rare Sugar Kojibiose: Process Scale-Up and Application Testing (2017)

Cost-efficient (bio)chemical production processes are essential to evaluate the commercial and industrial applications of promising carbohydrates and also are essential to ensure economically viable production processes. Here, the synthesis of the naturally occurring disaccharide kojibiose (2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucopyranoside) was evaluated using different Bifidobacterium adolescentis sucrose phosphorylase variants. Variant L341I_Q345S was found to efficiently synthesize kojibiose while remaining fully active after 1 week of incubation at 55 °C. Process optimization allowed kojibiose production at the kilogram scale, and simple but efficient downstream processing, using a yeast treatment and crystallization, resulted in more than 3 kg of highly pure crystalline kojibiose (99.8%). These amounts allowed a deeper characterization of its potential in food applications. It was found to have possible beneficial health effects, including delayed glucose release and potential to trigger SCFA production. Finally, we compared the bulk functionality of highly pure kojibiose to that of sucrose, hereby mapping its potential as a new sweetener in confectionery products.
Efficient generation of motion transitions using spacetime constraints (1996)

This paper describes the application of space time constraints to creating transitions between segments of human body motion. The motion transition generation uses a combination of spacetime constraints and inverse kinematic constraints to generate seamless and dynamically plausible transitions between motion segments. We use a fast recursive dynamics formulation which makes it possible to use spacetime constraints on systems with many degrees of freedom, such as human figures. The system uses an interpreter of a motion expression language to allow the user to manipulate motion data, break it into pieces, and reassemble it into new, more complex, motions. We have successfully used the system to create basis motions, cyclic data, and seamless motion transitions on a human body model with 44 degrees of freedom.
Maximum Throughput Routing of Traffic in the Hose Model (2006)

A computer-implemented method of computing throughput of a data-routing scheme for a network of nodes interconnected by links and having at least one ingress point and at least one egress point. The method includes: deriving a polynomial-size linear program from a combination of a first linear program and a second linear program and solving the polynomial-size linear program. The first linear program has infinite constraints and minimizes maximum-link utilization of a link in a path between the ingress point and the egress point. The second linear program determines whether any constraint of the first linear program is violated.
Evaluation of a novel serotyping system for hepatitis C virus: strong correlation with standard genotyping methodologies (1995)

Direct sequencing and analysis of viral genomes are definitive methods for identifying various hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes. However, HCV genome sequencing methods are cumbersome and unsuitable for analyzing large numbers of clinical samples. We have developed a convenient, reliable, and reproducible RIBA strip immunoblot assay system for determining HCV serotype. Briefly, the assay consists of an immunoblot strip on which there are five lanes of immobilized serotype-specific HCV peptides from the nonstructural (NS-4) and core regions of the genomes of HCV types 1,2, and 3. HCV serotype is deduced by determining the greatest intensity of reactivity to the NS-4 serotype-specific HCV peptide band in relation to the intensity of the human immunoglobulin G internal control bands on each strip. HCV core peptide reactivity is used only in the absence of NS-4 reactivity. We used this assay to successfully serotype a high percentage of sera from well-documented HCV-infected patients. Our serotyping results correlated 99% with the findings from the standard restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping methods. Less than 5% of the serum samples were untypeable. For a selected group of alpha interferon-treated patients we observed that the nonresponders (76.2%) and a majority of the responders who relapsed (72.2%) had type 2 HCV infection. A small population (n= 8) of complete responders was split 3:4:1 as type 1, type 2, and type 3, respectively. Our data indicate that this new serotyping assay has the potential to be a highly specific and reliable method for typing of HCV infection in patients.
Internal Language Model Estimation for Domain-Adaptive End-to-End Speech Recognition (2021)

The external language models (LM) integration remains a challenging task for end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) which has no clear division between acoustic and language models. In this work, we propose an internal LM estimation (ILME) method to facilitate a more effective integration of the external LM with all pre-existing E2E models with no additional model training, including the most popular recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) and attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models. Trained with audio-transcript pairs, an E2E model implicitly learns an internal LM that characterizes the training data in the source domain. With ILME, the internal LM scores of an E2E model are estimated and subtracted from the log-linear interpolation between the scores of the E2E model and the external LM. The internal LM scores are approximated as the output of an E2E model when eliminating its acoustic components. ILME can alleviate the domain mismatch between training and testing, or improve the multi-domain E2E ASR. Experimented with 30K-hour trained RNN-T and AED models, ILME achieves up to 15.5% and 6.8% relative word error rate reductions from Shallow Fusion on out-of-domain LibriSpeech and in-domain Microsoft production test sets, respectively.
Designing communication systems via iterative improvement: error\n correction coding with Bayes decoder and codebook optimized for source symbol\n error (2018)

In most error correction coding (ECC) frameworks, the typical error metric is\nthe bit error rate (BER) which measures the number of bit errors. For this\nmetric, the positions of the bits are not relevant to the decoding, and in many\nnoise models, not relevant to the BER either. In many applications this is\nunsatisfactory as typically all bits are not equal and have different\nsignificance. We consider the problem of bit error correction and mitigation\nwhere bits in different positions have different importance. For error\ncorrection, we look at ECC from a Bayesian perspective and introduce Bayes\nestimators with general loss functions to take into account the bit\nsignificance. We propose ECC schemes that optimize this error metric. As the\nproblem is highly nonlinear, traditional ECC construction techniques are not\napplicable. Using exhaustive search is cost prohibitive, and thus we use\niterative improvement search techniques to find good codebooks. We optimize\nboth general codebooks and linear codes. We provide numerical experiments to\nshow that they can be superior to classical linear block codes such as Hamming\ncodes and decoding methods such as minimum distance decoding.\n For error mitigation, we study the case where ECC is not possible or not\ndesirable, but significance aware encoding of information is still beneficial\nin reducing the average error. We propose a novel number presentation format\nsuitable for emerging storage media where the noise magnitude is unknown and\npossibly large and show that it has lower mean error than the traditional\nnumber format.\n
Image‐guided radiotherapy quality control: Statistical process control using image similarity metrics (2018)

Qualitative review alone of IGRT images can result in inconsistent feedback to the IGRT process. Registration tracking using NCC objectively identifies statistically significant deviations. When used in conjunction with the current image review process, this tool can assist in improving the safety and consistency of the IGRT process.
Magnetoelectric domain wall dynamics and its implications for magnetoelectric memory (2016)

Domain wall dynamics in a magnetoelectric antiferromagnet is analyzed, and its implications for magnetoelectric memory applications are discussed. Cr2O3 is used in the estimates of the materials parameters. It is found that the domain wall mobility has a maximum as a function of the electric field due to the gyrotropic coupling induced by it. In Cr2O3, the maximal mobility of 0.1 m/(s Oe) is reached at E≈0.06 V/nm. Fields of this order may be too weak to overcome the intrinsic depinning field, which is estimated for B-doped Cr2O3. These major drawbacks for device implementation can be overcome by applying a small in-plane shear strain, which blocks the domain wall precession. Domain wall mobility of about 0.7 m/(s Oe) can then be achieved at E = 0.2 V/nm. A split-gate scheme is proposed for the domain-wall controlled bit element; its extension to multiple-gate linear arrays can offer advantages in memory density, programmability, and logic functionality.
3.5-kW 94.2% DC–DC Efficiency Capacitive Power Transfer With Zero Reactive Power Circulating (2022)

Most existing capacitive power transfer (CPT) circuits are developed from basic series–series CPT compensation, which have a common drawback of unavoidable reactive power circulating from the primary side of the capacitive coupler to its secondary side, causing reactive power loss, weakening power transfer capability, and aggravating electric field emission. To solve these concerns, this letter proposed a parallel–parallel (PP) compensation-based CPT system with double-side series–parallel (SP) inductive power transfer (IPT) links. The PP CPT compensation aims at zero reactive power circulating while the SP IPT links achieve high-power transfer capability. A 2.5-MHz prototype is implemented, and experiments validate the zero reactive power circulating property with 3.55 kW output power at a 94.2% dc–dc efficiency, and the peak efficiency achieves 94.6% at 1.62 kW output power. This letter is accompanied by slides as multimedia material demonstrating the motivations, contributions, and advantages over existing state-of-the-art CPT designs.
CRUSADE (1999)

Article CRUSADE: hardware/software co-synthesis of dynamically reconfigurable heterogeneous real-time distributed embedded systems Share on Author: Bharat P. Dave Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Holmdel, NJ Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Holmdel, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims DATE '99: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in EuropeJanuary 1999 Pages 22–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/307418.307461Online:01 January 1999Publication History 16citation276DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads276Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Demonstration of a 5x5 cm<sup>2</sup>self-tracking solar concentrator (2015)

Solar concentration is using optics in order to minimize the amount of expensive photovoltaic cell material needed. For concentration factors higher than approximately 4, tracking the sun’s position is needed to keep the focal spot on the solar cell. Based on recent developments using a waveguide slab to concentrate sunlight we propose and demonstrate a light responsive, self-tracking solar concentrator. Using a phase change material acting at the focal spot, it is possible to maintain efficient coupling into the waveguide, up to an angular range of +/- 20 degrees. The system uses the unused infrared part of the solar spectrum as energy for the phase change actuator to achieve its high acceptance angle. With a spectrally matched custom silicon solar cell attached to the waveguide slab, in which light is coupled, the visible part of the solar spectrum can be efficiently converted to electricity. A proof-of-concept single lens device was demonstrated in our previous work. Here we extend the principle to a 3x3 lens array demonstration device. The current demonstration device features an acceptance angle of +/- 16 degrees and an effective concentration factor of up to 20x.
Osmotically and Thermally Isolated Forward Osmosis–Membrane Distillation (FO–MD) Integrated Module (2019)

In this study, we propose a novel module design to integrate forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD). The two processes are sealed in one module and operated simultaneously, making the system compact and suitable for a wide range of applications. To evaluate the system under large-scale module operating conditions, FO and MD experiments were performed separately. The effect of draw solution (DS) temperature on the FO performance was first assessed in terms of flux, reverse salt flux (RSF), and specific RSF (SRSF). While a higher DS temperature resulted in an increased RSF, a higher FO flux was achieved, with a lower SRSF. The influence of DS concentration on the MD performance was then investigated in terms of flux and salt rejection. High DS concentration had a slightly negative impact on MD water vapor flux, but the MD membrane was a complete barrier for DS salts. The FO-MD integrated module was simulated based on mass balance equations. Results indicated that initial DS (MD feed) flow rate and concentration are the most important factors for stable operation of the integrated module. Higher initial DS flow rate and lower initial DS concentration can achieve a higher permeate rate of the FO-MD module.
Screenless Completions: The Development, Application and Field Validation of a Simplified Model for Improved Reliability of Fracturing for Sand Control Treatments (2001)

Abstract The successful application of fracturing for sand control has been reported from many different areas. Several explanations have been advocated for these successes such as "re-stressing" the wellbore, creation of a "halo effect" around the wellbore and maintaining the bottom hole pressure above a critical level to prevent perforation collapse. The latter approach has led to complex models predicting the conditions of perforation failure. However, once the perforations have collapsed, the production of formation sand is governed by the transport of the sand from the perforation tunnels. Frequently, decreasing the production rate stops sand production, indicating that there is a critical flow rate below which sand cannot be transported into the wellbore. In this study, we present the development, application and field validation of a spreadsheet tool to improve the reliability of fracturing for sand control treatments. A universal curve was generated from numerical simulations, showing that the percentage of the total flow through the perforations not connected to the fracture was a function of the formation and fracture properties and was independent of the reservoir fluid properties. The generation of a universal curve eliminates the need to use a reservoir simulator and allowed the development of a tool to aid the design of fracturing for sand control treatments. The spreadsheet tool has been validated with data from successful fracturing for sand control treatments.
Leucine 7 to Proline 7 Polymorphism in the Preproneuropeptide Y Is Associated With Proteinuria, Coronary Heart Disease, and Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetic Patients (2004)

We conclude that the Leu7Pro polymorphism may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and CHD in type 1 diabetic patients, possibly by influencing glycemic control and triglycerides.
New Approach to Selective Semiconductor Gas Sensors Using a de‐Biased <i>pn</i> Heterocontact (1995)

The complex impedance of a CuO/ZnO oxide semiconductor heterocontact was studied by applying a dc bias voltage in a mixture of CO or H 2 (4000 ppm) in air between 250° and 400°C. The frequency dependence of reactance showed a minimum peak, and the absolute value of the reactance and the frequency giving the peak both changed in a different manner, depending on the presence of a reducing gas of either CO and H 2 , and also the dc bias. Sensing properties could be tuned to detect both CO and H 2 gases in air or to detect only H 2 gas in air, by selecting the measuring frequency and the applied dc bias at 400°C. Additional resistance and capacitance specific to the ambient gases were introduced to the interface impedance of the semiconductors, and then were estimated from impedance measurements. Tunable gas sensing was possible when the product of the resistance and the capacitance components in the interface had varying values, dependent on gas species and dc bias. This paper proposes this new method of tunable gas sensing that uses the complex impedance characteristics of a heterocontact. In addition, the mechanisms of the tuning function are discussed.