gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonant Waveguide Grating Biosensor for Whole-Cell GPCR Assays (2009)

Current drug discovery campaigns for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) heavily rely on assay technologies that use artificial cell systems tailored to a point-of-contact readout and as a consequence are mostly pathway biased. Recently, we have developed label-free optical biosensor cellular assays that are capable of examining systems cell biology of endogenous receptors and systems cell pharmacology of GPCR ligands in both physiologically and disease relevant environments. We have shown that these biosensor assays enable high-throughput screening of pathway-biased ligands acting on endogenous beta(2)-adrenergic receptor in cells. These biosensor cellular assays hold the potential to reduce attrition rates in drug discovery and development process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Alkynes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Reactions. (2016)

Abstract A copper‐ and phosphine‐free Sonogashira cross‐coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes under aerobic conditions is presented.
Twenty million energy product samarium-cobalt magnet (1969)

Considerable interest has been centered around rare-earth-cobalt magnets during recent years. For the last two years we have been carrying out a research program in the general area of rare-earth-cobalt magnets. At this time, we have successfully developed a rare-earth-cobalt magnet with close to the attainable limit of magnetic properties. Our best magnets show the following properties: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B^{H}c</tex> , 8000-9000 Oe; <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M^{H}c</tex> , 25 000 Oe; B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> , 8000-9000 G; <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(BH)_{\max}, 16-20 \times 10^{6}</tex> G - Oe. The magnet is based on the rare-earth-cobalt compound RCo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> , where R is samarium. Processing includes induction heat or arc melting, pulverizing to roughly domain size, compacting in hydraulic press in magnetic field to suitable shape and size, sintering, finishing, magnetizing, and stabilizing. Most of our laboratory production thus far has been ring magnets for PPM stacks of traveling wave tubes. These magnets have outperformed the best available platinum-cobalt magnets from both magnetic and thermal stability points of view in actual tube qualification tests.
Image formation analysis and high resolution image reconstruction for plenoptic imaging systems (2013)

Plenoptic imaging systems are often used for applications like refocusing, multimodal imaging, and multiview imaging. However, their resolution is limited to the number of lenslets. In this paper we investigate paraxial, incoherent, plenoptic image formation, and develop a method to recover some of the resolution for the case of a two-dimensional (2D) in-focus object. This enables the recovery of a conventional-resolution, 2D image from the data captured in a plenoptic system. We show simulation results for a plenoptic system with a known response and Gaussian sensor noise.
A 500-MHz, 32-word×64-bit, eight-port self-resetting CMOS register file (1999)

A two-write-port, six-read-port, 32/spl times/64-bit register file has been designed for 2.5-V 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, using primary self-resetting CMOS (SRCMOS) circuit techniques. The register cell are completely level-sensitive scan design test compatible. The fabricated register file occupies an area of 1.84/spl times/1.55 mm/sup 2/, and the cell size is 21.6/spl times/30 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The high-performance register file is implemented in a multiblock structure consisting of subarrays and associated multiplexing circuits. For a given read port, the outputs of all multiplexer circuits are dotted together to form a single global output. A quasi-global approach is used for reset pulse generation and timing control circuits to reduce area overhead. The output pulse width is controlled by a chopper circuit. The write-port operation is achieved by the combination of static data input and dynamic control circuits. The write-path circuits employ the advantages of the input isolation technique. Individual write-enable pulses applied to respective input ports of a multiport register-file cell are effective to establish a priority among those input ports. The present design provides an effective input isolation/decoupling circuit technique that allows the input pulse widths to vary over a wide range. This allows the write operation to be insensitive to control pulse widths, resulting in an effective input isolation scheme. Testing has shown all eight ports to be functional. The measured read access time was 1.1 ns, and read operation has been obtained at cycle times as short as 1.9 ns. The register file has been shown to be tolerant to a very wide range of input pulse widths yet delivers tightly controlled outputs.
Rational Construction of Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials. Properties of Chromophore-Functionalized Polystyrenes (1988)

Processable polymeric nonlinear optical materials can be synthesized by functionalizing a glassy macromolecule with chromophores having large quadratic hyperpolarizabilities, followed by poling in an electric field. In the present case, the functionalization of polystyrene with 4- (4-nitrophenylaza)(N-ethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl))aniline, 4-(4-N,N-dimethylaminostyryl) pyridine, and N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-prolinol is described. Particularly noteworthy is the high level of chromophore units that can be incorporated into transparent films of these materials, the high second harmonic coefficients that can be achieved (as high as d33 – 11 × 10-9 esu at 1064 nm), and the long-term temporal stability of the second harmonic generation capacity.
Efficacy of Melatonin as a Sleep-Promoting Agent (1997)

Numerous studies have demonstrated sleep-promoting effects of melatonin treatment in humans, as evidenced by subjects' self-reports, polysomnographic recordings, and continuous actigraphic registration of motor activity. The sleep-promoting effects of either physiological or pharmacological doses of melatonin typically are observed within 1 h following treatment regardless of the time of melatonin administration. This fact indicates the acute nature of this effect of melatonin on sleep, independent of any effect of the melatonin treatment on circadian organization. This article considers a dose dependency of melatonin effects on sleep, interindividual variability, and age-related differences in circulating melatonin levels produced in response to a given dose of the hormone. Possible side effects of melatonin treatment, and the use of an animal model to serve as a guide in the development of therapeutic applications, also are considered.
Immunochemical characterization of the "native" type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus. (1976)

The type III polysaccharide of -roup B Streptococcus has been isolated and purified by a method that employs washing of intact cells at neutral pH. That the polysaccharide prepared by this procedure is the "native" type III antigen is suggested by its molecular size in excess of 10(6) daltons, its degradation by acid and heat treatment to a fragment with immunologic characteristics of the classical HCl antigen, and its type-specific serologic activity. The type III polysaccharide in native form contains sialic acid, galactose, glucose, glucosamine, heptose, and mannose. It is acidic in nature, is resistant to neuramindiase degradation, contains no O-acetyl groups, and does not share antigenic determinants with capsular type K1 antigen of Escherichia coli or Group B polysaccharide antigen of Neiserria meningitidis.
Biosynthesis of Poly[(<i>R</i>)-3-hydroxyalkanoate] Copolymers with Controlled Repeating Unit Compositions and Physical Properties (2012)

As applications for biodegradable and biologically produced poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] (PHAs) grow into more specialized areas, the need to precisely control the repeating unit composition and consequently the physical properties of these polymers has become essential. A previous study reported our development of Escherichia coli LSBJ in order to produce PHA polymers composed of single repeating units ranging from 4 to 12 carbon atoms. This investigation expands the scope of our effort toward controlling the repeating unit composition of a variety of PHA copolymers. The sizes for the repeating units within the copolymers were modulated by feeding specific ratios of fatty acids with defined carbon lengths to E. coli LSBJ, which resulted in defined mole ratios for the repeating units. Various physical properties of the copolymers (including the Young's modulus, elongation to break, and glass-transition temperature) were shown to be strongly dependent upon the mole ratios of repeating units. This work demonstrates that copolymers of PHAs with repeating units from 4 to 12 carbons can be incorporated accurately to obtain any desired mole ratio within the PHA copolymers. Our methodology may thus be extended to generate tailor-made PHA copolymers with prescribed values for key sets of physical properties.
Simulation design of wide-field temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation with a tunable excitation wavelength (2019)

The optical parameters of temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM), which is capable of achieving varying wavelength excitation for multiple fluorophore measurement, was systematically examined to have good excitation performance. For this purpose, the approaches were adopted to quantitatively evaluate the grating groove density, focal length of the collimating lens and objective, and different excitation wavelengths. A grating with a groove density of 830 lines/mm enables the TFMPEM system to achieve a wavelength range of 700–1000 nm by adjusting the incident angle of the ultrafast laser on the grating; a diffraction efficiency of 81 ± 3% was obtained at this wavelength range. By using the 830 lines/mm grating, a collimating lens with a 500 mm focal length and a 60× water immersion objective, we achieved a large excitation area and a better filling effect of the spectrum band of the pulse on the back focal plane of the objective; these parameters ensure high optical sectioning and small variation in the illumination power density within this wavelength range. The variation ranges of the excitation area, optical sectioning, and illumination power density of 4272 ± 798 μm2, 2.6 ± 0.3 μm, and 71 ± 29%, respectively, were obtained in two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging at 700–1000 nm excitation wavelengths.
Cpk Is a Novel Class of Drosophila PtdIns 3-Kinase Containing a C2 Domain (1996)

We report the identification of a novel class of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinases whose members contain C-terminal C2 domains. We have isolated Drosophila and murine genes (termed cpk and cpk-m respectively) by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA libraries with degenerate primers corresponding to conserved regions of PtdIns kinases. The amino acid sequences of Cpk and Cpk-m are most similar to that of p110, a family of PtdIns 3-kinases that mediates the responses of cells to mitogenic stimuli. The Cpk and Cpk-m sequences are similar to a large, central region of p110, but differ from p110 at their N and C termini. The N termini of the Cpk proteins do not contain any recognizable protein motif, while the C termini contain “C2 domains,” a feature unique among PtdIns kinases. Cpk has an intrinsic PtdIns kinase activity and can phosphorylate PtdIns and PtdIns-4-P, but not PtdIns(4,5)P2, at the D3 position of the inositol ring. Cpk is the first PtdIns 3-kinase identified with this particular substrate specificity. We have identified two potential Cpk-binding proteins, p90 and p190, and have determined that both Cpk and p190 may be tyrosine phosphorylated. This finding suggests that Cpk function may be regulated by tyrosine kinases. We report the identification of a novel class of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinases whose members contain C-terminal C2 domains. We have isolated Drosophila and murine genes (termed cpk and cpk-m respectively) by polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA libraries with degenerate primers corresponding to conserved regions of PtdIns kinases. The amino acid sequences of Cpk and Cpk-m are most similar to that of p110, a family of PtdIns 3-kinases that mediates the responses of cells to mitogenic stimuli. The Cpk and Cpk-m sequences are similar to a large, central region of p110, but differ from p110 at their N and C termini. The N termini of the Cpk proteins do not contain any recognizable protein motif, while the C termini contain “C2 domains,” a feature unique among PtdIns kinases. Cpk has an intrinsic PtdIns kinase activity and can phosphorylate PtdIns and PtdIns-4-P, but not PtdIns(4,5)P2, at the D3 position of the inositol ring. Cpk is the first PtdIns 3-kinase identified with this particular substrate specificity. We have identified two potential Cpk-binding proteins, p90 and p190, and have determined that both Cpk and p190 may be tyrosine phosphorylated. This finding suggests that Cpk function may be regulated by tyrosine kinases.
Superconducting microparticle composite wire (1987)

A novel concept of a ductile composite wire which incorporates filaments made of brittle superconductor powders was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Unsintered, submicron NbC powders were encapsulated in copper tubes. These were fabricated down to single filament wires without sintering or high temperature annealing. Multifilamentary composites with up to 3000 filaments were then formed by successive rebundling of tubes into sealed billets and their mechanical reduction. Due to the fluid-like behavior of the unsintered powder core, the composites were ductile and resistant to filament fracture. The wire critical temperature was 10 to 11 K, the upper critical field was 2 ± 0.2 tesla and the superconductor self-field critical current density attained 6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> amps/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The critical current showed a remarkable tolerance of uniaxial and bending strains. While the NbC superconductor is not of great technical interest, it permitted one to prove the new concept. The subsequent use of NbCN powders confirmed that the observed wire behavior is also obtained in high magnetic fields, up to 15 tesla.
Effect of Increased Pigmentation on the Antifibrotic Response of Human Skin to UV-A1 Phototherapy (2008)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00129415.
Adaptive Grayscale Mapping to Improve Molecular Ultrasound Difference Images (2018)

Ultrasound microbubble imaging with targeted mi-crobubbles can have low signal-to-background ratio due to spurious contrast signals from tissue leakage and the low power necessary to avoid microbubble destruction during imaging. A typical imaging strategy to identify bound microbubbles is to subtract b-mode images before and after bursting the microbubbles with a high-pressure ultrasonic pulse. However, motion and deformation cause misregistration artifacts that increase difficulty separating background tissue and noise from microbubbles. We've applied a geospatial change detection algorithm called adaptive grayscale mapping to detect and remove difference image signal patterns characteristic of misregistration errors and attenuate noise signal. Phantom studies suggest no microbubble signal is lost with the method and SNR improvements are demonstrated with both phantom and in vivo mouse studies.
Reconstruction of detector scattered events to improve PET sensitivity (2015)

The sensitivity of a PET scanner is a function of the solid angle of coverage from the scintillation material to the object being scanned and the stopping power of the scintillation material being used. PET scanners also operate with an energy window centered on the 511 keV annihilation photons, wide enough to account for the energy resolution of the scanner's scintillator. The energy window reduces the amount of object scatter accepted, but also eliminates detector scatter events that do not experience object scatter. By adding lower energy windows, an un-scattered, full energy deposition event can be put in coincidence with a lower energy event, creating a high angle scatter line of response, or a detector scattered event that represents an object un-scattered line of response. Using a normalization specifically calculated for the coincidences with the new, lower energy windows and scatter correction of the high angle object scattered events, the data is reconstructed separately from the simultaneously collected PET data acquired with the traditional energy windows. Preliminary results showed that multi energy data reconstruction images can be created, recovering unscattered true events present across all data.
Anaerobic microbial remobilization of toxic metals coprecipitated with iron oxide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnaerobic microbial remobilization of toxic metals coprecipitated with iron oxideArokiasamy J. Francis and Cleveland J. DodgeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 3, 373–378Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00073a013https://doi.org/10.1021/es00073a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new approach to file system cache writeback of application data (2010)

In this paper we propose a new paradigm and algorithms to address cache writeback performance in servers and storage arrays. As servers and storage processors move to multi-core architecture, with ever increasing memory caches, the cost of flushing these caches to disk has become a problem. Traditional watermark based algorithms currently used in many storage arrays and NAS servers have a problem keeping up with the higher speeds of incoming application writes, often resulting in a performance penalty. The server's cache is generally used for hiding high disk latencies associated with file system data. In general, metadata performance was optimized, while application data was considered less sensitive to high latencies and was given lower priority or was written directly to disk. The new algorithms proposed here change the application data writeback from using watermark based flush to something that approximates the rate of the incoming application I/Os. The problem is more critical for network file systems where the complex client/server protocols can make writeback a serious performance barrier, particularly in light of very large I/Os and the lack of application commits. Our proposed algorithms are applicable to local file systems and remote servers as well as to storage arrays. We show test results based on dynamic traces of real file system dirty pages in the buffer cache and prove that rate based cache writeback algorithms are the most efficient replacement for watermark based flushing.
Procedures for determining acoustical physical constants of class <i>6mm</i> single crystals by ultrasonic microspectroscopy technology (2009)

We theoretically and numerically investigated procedures for accurately determining the acoustical physical constants of piezoelectric hexagonal (class 6mm) crystals, taking ZnO as an example, using bulk-wave velocities and leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) velocities acquired by ultrasonic microspectroscopy technology. Selection of appropriate propagation modes and directions for eight velocity measurements to facilitate accurately determining five elastic constants (c11E, c12E, c13E, c33E, and c44E) and three piezoelectric constants (e15, e31, and e33) was discussed in addition to measurements of two dielectric constants (ε11S and ε33S) and the density (ρ). Several determination procedures were obtained. Using only bulk-wave velocities measured for Y-cut, Z-cut, and several rotated Y-cut crystalline plane specimens provided the best determination accuracies for constants c13E, c33E, e31, and e33. Favorable determination accuracies were also achieved using several sets of two rotated Y-cut crystalline plane specimens such as (101) and (102). Conductive specimens of (001) and (102) with a resistive (103) specimen made the bulk-wave measurements simpler, resulting in greatly improved determination accuracies. The additional use of LSAW velocity with one conductive (001) specimen enabled the determination procedures to be simplified, resulting in acceptable accuracy for c13E. Measurements of bulk-wave velocities and LSAW velocities for just two resistive Y-cut and Z-cut specimens could determine all the constants, albeit with some deterioration in accuracy, especially for e31 and e33. This will be useful for preliminary determination of the constants for precious crystals.
Targeting Bladder Tumor Cells <i>In vivo</i> and in the Urine with a Peptide Identified by Phage Display (2007)

Bladder cancer is one of the most common tumors of the genitourinary tract. Here, we use phage display to identify a peptide that targets bladder tumor cells. A phage library containing random peptides was screened for binding to cells from human bladder tumor xenografts. Phage clones were further selected for binding to a bladder tumor cell line in culture. Six clones displaying the consensus sequence CXNXDXR(X)/(R)C showed selective binding to cells from primary human bladder cancer tissue. Of these, the CSNRDARRC sequence was selected for further study as a synthetic peptide. Fluorescein-conjugated CSNRDARRC peptide selectively bound to frozen sections of human bladder tumor tissue, whereas only negligible binding to normal bladder tissue was observed. When the fluorescent peptide was introduced into the bladder lumen, in a carcinogen-induced rat tumor model, it selectively bound to tumor epithelium. Moreover, when the peptide was intravenously injected into the tail vein, it homed to the bladder tumor but was not detectable in normal bladder and control organs. Next, we examined whether the peptide can detect tumor cells in urine. The fluorescent peptide bound to cultured bladder tumor cells but not to other types of tumor cell lines. Moreover, it bound to urinary cells of patients with bladder cancer, while showing little binding to urinary cells of patients with inflammation or healthy individuals. The CSNRDARRC peptide may be useful as a targeting moiety for selective delivery of therapeutics and as a diagnostic probe for the detection of bladder cancer.