gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Helicobacter pylori Infection (1991)

Helicobacter pylori infection, thought to be causally related to chronic gastritis, may also be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. To determine whether an association with gastric cancer does exist, we retrospectively evaluated serum samples from 69 patients with histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma (32 with cancer at the cardia and 37 with cancer at other sites) and from 218 patients with one of three categories of nongastric cancers, with other gastric cancers, or with benign gastric neoplasms. These samples were compared with samples from 252 cancer-free control subjects, a group comprising 76 asymptomatic volunteers and 176 persons with nonmalignant disorders. Serum samples collected from cancer patients prior to surgery and from cancer-free controls were tested for antibodies to H. pylori by using a highly sensitive and specific IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The risk of H. pylori infection in the case patients relative to the control subjects was estimated with the use of multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for potential confounding variables. Antibodies to H. pylori were detected in 65% of the patients with noncardia gastric cancer but in only 38% of the patients with gastric cancer located at the cardia. A significant association was found between H. pylori infection and noncardia gastric cancer (odds ratio = 2.67; 99% confidence interval = 1.01-7.06). Within the subset of patients with noncardia gastric cancer, a statistically nonsignificant tendency existed for those with the intestinal versus the diffuse histologic type of noncardia gastric cancer to have a higher risk of H. pylori infection. Our results support the hypothesis of a relationship between H. pylori infection and the development of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma.
Isolation of Avian Paramyxoviruses from Sentinel Ducks and Turkeys in Minnesota (1985)

In a 4-year study (1980-1983) involving the use of sentinel ducks that intermingled with wild ducks, a total of 98 paramyxovirus (PMV) isolates (84 Newcastle disease virus, 14 PMV-6) were obtained from 3652 sentinel duck cloacal samples (2.7% isolation rate) collected between June and mid-November each year. PMV infection of sentinel ducks appeared to be seasonal, with the onset of infection occurring between mid-July and mid-August. PMV was not isolated from sentinel turkeys that co-mingled with sentinel ducks during the last 2 years of the study. However, there was serological evidence that the sentinel turkeys were infected with PMV. These findings indicate that wild waterfowl are a natural reservoir of PMV and suggest that interspecies transmission of certain PMV serotypes may occur between waterfowl and turkeys.
Gene selective mRNA cleavage inhibits the development of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2012)

Unique peptide-morpholino oligomer (PMO) conjugates have been designed to bind and promote the cleavage of specific mRNA as a tool to inhibit gene function and parasite growth. The new conjugates were validated using the P. falciparum gyrase mRNA as a target (PfGyrA). Assays in vitro demonstrated a selective degradation of the PfGyrA mRNA directed by the external guide sequences, which are morpholino oligomers in the conjugates. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that labeled conjugates are delivered into Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes during all intraerythrocytic stages of parasite development. Consistent with the expression of PfGyrA in all stages of parasite development, proliferation assays showed that these conjugates have potent antimalarial activity, blocking early development, maturation, and replication of the parasite. The conjugates were equally effective against drug sensitive and resistant P. falciparum strains. The potency, selectivity, and predicted safety of PMO conjugates make this approach attractive for the development of a unique class of target-specific antimalarials and for large-scale functional analysis of the malarial genome.
Multiple extracellular domains of CCR-5 contribute to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry and fusion (1997)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry is governed by the interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) with its receptor. The HIV-1 receptor is composed of two molecules, the CD4 binding receptor and a coreceptor. The seven-membrane-spanning chemokine receptor CCR-5 is one of the coreceptors used by primary isolates of HIV-1. We demonstrate that the mouse homolog of CCR-5 (mCCR-5) does not function as an HIV-1 coreceptor. A set of chimeras of human CCR-5 and mCCR-5 was studied for Env-induced cell fusion and HIV-1 infection. Using the HIV-1ADA envelope glycoprotein in a syncytium formation assay, we show that replacement of any fragment containing extracellular domains of mCCR-5 by its human counterparts is sufficient to allow Env-induced fusion. Conversely, replacement of any fragment containing human extracellular domains by its murine counterpart did not lead to coreceptor function loss. These results show that several domains of CCR-5 participate in coreceptor function. In addition, using a panel of primary nonsyncytium-inducing and syncytium-inducing isolates that use CCR-5 or both CXCR-4 and CCR-5 as coreceptors, we show that the latter dual-tropic isolates are less tolerant to changes in CCR-5 than strains with a more restricted coreceptor use. Thus, different strains are likely to have different ways of interacting with the CCR-5 coreceptor.
Thermal and optical parameters for different window systems in India (2002)

SYNOPSIS The paper deals with detailed calculations of the U, SHGC, and VT values for different window systems in different climatic zones of the Indian subcontinent. Since the average summer and winter conditions in the Indian subcontinent are very different from the values used in ASHRAE and European norms, the external and internal heat transfer coefficients have been evaluated from the basic expressions. The detailed numerical results, obtained by integration of ho & hi values with the software WINDOW 4.1, show that for a single glazed window the U values for hot & dry conditions can be higher by 15% than those available in standard books. The U & SHGC value also changes with incident solar radiation and wind velocity, for which the data has been presented in this paper. Efforts are being made to transfer the generated data to the DOE program for load & energy calculations in buildings.
Basic theory of dielectrophoresis and electrorotation (2003)

This article presents a concise, unifying treatment of the electromechanics of small particles under the influence of electroquasistatic fields and offers a set of models useful in calculating electrical forces and torques on biological particles in the size range from /spl sim/1 to /spl sim/100 μm. The theory is used to consider DEP trapping, electrorotation, traveling-wave induced motion, and orientational effects. The effective dipole method, and its generalization to effective multipoles, makes it possible to treat multilayered concentric shells and particles exhibiting ohmic and dielectric loss. This method may be extended further to the case of nonspherical particles, where alignment torques can be considered. These capabilities are well suited to modeling DEP behavior of biological particles including cells. The models and methods presented in this review are sufficiently general to be of use in a broad range of applications for biological dielectrophoresis and particle electrokinetics. The range of validity can be stated confidently to cover particles having diameters approximately 1μm and larger.
Apogossypolone inhibits cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest in U937 cells (2009)

We examined the effect of apogossypolone (ApoG2), a new derivative from gossypol on cell cycle regulation in U937 human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cells in vitro. ApoG2 decreased the viability of U937 cells by inducing G1 arrest followed by apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (Cdki). We show by western blot analysis, that the ApoG2-induced G1 arrest was mediated through the increased expression of Cdki proteins (p21cip1/waf1) with a simultaneous decrease in cdk2, cdk4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression. The induction of apoptosis after treatment with ApoG2 for 12, 24 and 48 h was demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis. ApoG2 also induced cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. To our knowledge, this is the first time that ApoG2 has been reported to potently inhibit the proliferation of human monocytic lymphoma U937 cells through G1 arrest. These findings suggest that ApoG2 may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer.
A Comparison of Optimal Control Methods for Minimum Fuel Cruise at Constant Altitude and Course with Fixed Arrival Time (2014)

The current lack of efficiency in the use of airspace, enforced by the economic crisis an the increasing competitiveness among air transport companies are drivers for a renewed interest for the application of optimization techniques to find answers to overcame current inefficiencies. The main objective of the present paper is to assess and compare different optimal aircraft trajectories techniques applied to the minimum fuel cruise problem at constant altitude and course with fixed arrival time, International Standard Atmosphere and without wind. Four trajectory optimization methods have been used: Hermite-Simpson, 5th degree Gauss-Lobatto and Radau pseudospectral collocation methods and the singular arc solution. Hermite-Simpson and 5th degree methods have been programmed in Ampl modeling language with an IPOPT solver and Radau pseudospectral method using gpops matlab tool with SNOPT solver. 5th degree Gauss-Lobatto collocation method gives the less fuel consumption solution followed by Radau pseudospectral, Hermite-Simpson and singular arc. In considering the program execution time, Hermite-Simpson collocation method is the fastest method followed by 5th degree and Radau pseudospectral. Also, taking into account the time for developing the program code the Radau pseudospectral is the most user friendly. Moreover, it has been observed that increasing the sample points in the Hermite- Simpson and 5th degree, the solution converge to the minimum fuel consumption solution. On the other hand, gpops does not show much sensitivity to the number of sample points.
Identification and functional characterization of a novel transglutaminase 1 gene mutation associated with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (2015)

We found two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.515C>T, R143C in exon 3 and c.759C>T, S212F in exon 4) in both siblings. HaCaT cells transfected with mutant TGM1 cDNAs displayed a lower growth rate and delayed S phase while overexpression of wild-type TGM1 cDNAs led to accelerated growth. HaCaT cells transfected with mutant TGM1 cDNAs displayed lower expression of differentiation markers such as involucrin and filaggrin. Our findings suggest that the compound heterozygous missense (c.515C>T, R143C) mutations in exon 3 and missense (c.759C>T, S212F) mutations in exon 4 result in the phenotype of ARCI. TGM1 mutations can suppress keratinocyte growth and cornified cell envelope formation.
Types for path correctness of XML queries (2004)

If a subexpression in a query will never contribute data to the query answer, this should be regarded as an error. This principle has been recently accepted into mainstream XML query languages, but was still waiting for a complete treatment. We provide here a precise definition for this class of errors, and define a type system that is sound and complete, in its search for such errors, for a core language, under mild restrictions on the use of recursion in type definitions. In the process, we describe a dichotomy among existential and universal type systems, which is useful to understand some unusual features of our type system.
Macrophage Polarization Alters Postphagocytosis Survivability of the Commensal Streptococcus gordonii (2017)

Oral streptococci are generally considered commensal organisms; however, they are becoming recognized as important associate pathogens during the development of periodontal disease as well as being associated with several systemic diseases, including as a causative agent of infective endocarditis. An important virulence determinant of these bacteria is an ability to evade destruction by phagocytic cells, yet how this subversion occurs is mostly unknown. Using <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i> as a model commensal oral streptococcus that is also associated with disease, we find that resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an active ability to damage phagosomes allows the bacterium to avoid destruction within macrophages. This ability to survive relies not only on the ROS resistance capabilities of the bacterium but also on ROS production by macrophages, with both being required for maximal survival of internalized bacteria. Importantly, we also show that this dependence on ROS production by macrophages for resistance has functional significance: <i>S. gordonii</i> intracellular survival increases when macrophages are polarized toward an activated (M1) profile, which is known to result in prolonged phagosomal ROS production compared to that of alternatively (M2) polarized macrophages. We additionally find evidence of the bacterium being capable of both delaying the maturation of and damaging phagosomes. Taken together, these results provide essential insights regarding the mechanisms through which normally commensal oral bacteria can contribute to both local and systemic inflammatory disease.
Synthesis and lithographic performance of poly-4-hydroxphenyl-ethyl-methacrylate-based negative resists (2000)

Currently, most photosensitive coating formulations for use in 248 nm semiconductor lithography use polyhydroxy styrene resin homopolymers, and a myriad of copolymers, as the base material for positive acting resist. For negative resists, many polyhydroxy styrene homopolymer derivatives, where the pendant phenolic hydroxy has been modified, are used. This is because of the current commercial availability of the polymer material in a broad range of controlled and reproducible molecular weights, the ability to form uniform films, and the compatibility with a wide range of commonly used resist formulation organic solvents, additives and aqueous base developers. Probably the most important attribute of polyhydroxy styrene resins that led to its ubiquitous use is the lack of a competitive UV self-absorption of this resin at 248 nm wavelengths compared to the well known novolac resins. In this paper we will describe an alternative methacrylate based polymer that contains a pendant phenolic functionality, show some initial imaging results and discuss the general advantages of disadvantages of substituting polyhydroxy styrene homopolymer resins. In particular the use of polymers based on 4-hydroxyphenyl ethyl methacrylate monomer in negative resist formulations for 248 nm (KrF) applications will be discussed.
Detect or Track: Towards Cost-Effective Video Object Detection/Tracking (2019)

State-of-the-art object detectors and trackers are developing fast. Trackers are in general more efficient than detectors but bear the risk of drifting. A question is hence raised – how to improve the accuracy of video object detection/tracking by utilizing the existing detectors and trackers within a given time budget? A baseline is frame skipping – detecting every N-th frames and tracking for the frames in between. This baseline, however, is suboptimal since the detection frequency should depend on the tracking quality. To this end, we propose a scheduler network, which determines to detect or track at a certain frame, as a generalization of Siamese trackers. Although being light-weight and simple in structure, the scheduler network is more effective than the frame skipping baselines and flow-based approaches, as validated on ImageNet VID dataset in video object detection/tracking.
Effects of Cannabinoids on Macromolecular Synthesis in Isolated Spermatogenic Cells (1984)

Effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD) (1, 3 or 5 microM for 2 h) on macromolecular synthesis were investigated in homogeneous populations of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids obtained from CD-1 mice. Incorporation of 3H-uridine into the acid-insoluble fraction was used as an index of RNA synthesis. Treatment of pachytene spermatocytes with 5 microM THC, CBN and CBD reduced radioactive incorporation by 81%, 62% and 67%, respectively, compared to vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) controls. Treatment of round spermatids with 5 microM THC, CBN and CBD reduced radioactive incorporation by 54%, 61% and 63%, respectively, compared to controls. In addition to reduction of radioactive incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction, there was also reduction in the acid-soluble fraction not comparable in magnitude to the reduction in the acid-insoluble fraction. Pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids isolated from THC-treated mice (10 and 20 mg/kg) showed no reduction in macromolecular synthesis compared to cells isolated from vehicle-treated mice. Suppression of macromolecular synthesis induced by in vitro cannabinoid treatment is discussed in terms of membrane-mediated interference with cell metabolism.
Application of Polynomial su(2) Algebra to a Physical System with Symmetric Rosen-Morse Potential (2015)

A novel polynomial su(2) algebra is constructed in a physical system with the symmetric Rosen-Morse potential. Meanwhile, its specific representations are presented spontaneously. The polynomial su(2) algebra can be used as an algebraic technique to solve for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian with the symmetric Rosen-Morse potential (SRM). The output results from the mentioned algebraic approach allows us to explore the pair of raising and lowering operators Ĵ_± of the polynomial su(2) algebra as a pair of shift operators of our Hamiltonian. In addition, the usual su(2) algebra is obtained naturally from the polynomial su(2) algebra we built, also it reveals that the physical system with the SRM potential has a dynamical su(2) symmetry.
Pre-clinical anti-tumor activity of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor in Hodgkin's Lymphoma cellular and subcutaneous tumor model (2019)

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) is a member of the TEC family and plays a central role in B-cell signaling, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Here we evaluated the impact of BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib on a panel of HL models in vitro and in vivo. Ibrutinib suppressed viability and induced apoptosis in 4 HL cell lines in a dose and time dependent manner. Molecular analysis showed induction of both apoptotic and autophagy markers. Ibrutinib treatment resulted in suppression of BTK and other downstream targets including PI3K, mTOR and RICTOR. Ibrutinib given at 50 mg/kg p.o daily for three weeks caused statistically significant inhibition of HL cell line derived subcutaneous xenografts (p < 0.01) in ICR-SCID mice. Molecular analysis of residual tumor tissue revealed down-regulation of BTK; its related markers and autophagy markers. Our studies are the first showing in vitro and in vivo action of BTK inhibition in classical HL. A phase II study examining the activity of ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory HL is currently enrolling (NCT02824029).
Molecular characterization and sensitivity of STI-571 (imatinib mesylate, Gleevec)-resistant, Bcr-Abl-positive, human acute leukemia cells to SRC kinase inhibitor PD180970 and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. (2002)

Using human acute leukemia HL-60/Bcr-Abl (with ectopic expression of p185 Bcr-Abl) and K562 cells (with endogenous expression of p210 Bcr-Abl) subjected to a continuous selection pressure of up to 1.0 micro M Gleevec (imatinib mesylate, STI-571), we have isolated Gleevec-resistant K562 R (+Bcr-Abl), K562 R (-Bcr-Abl), and HL-60/Bcr-Abl R cells, which display disparate level and activity of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK). As compared with their sensitive counterparts, Gleevec-resistant cell types were >/=5-fold resistant to Gleevec-induced apoptosis. Bcr-Abl protein levels were significantly increased in HL-60/Bcr-Abl R and K562 R (+Bcr-Abl) cells, but K562 R (-Bcr-Abl) cells showed a marked decline in the mRNA and protein levels and activity of Bcr-Abl. Bcr-Abl TK level and activity corresponded to the signal transducers and activators of transcription-5 DNA binding activity and up-regulation of heat shock protein 70 levels. The decline in Bcr-Abl expression and TK activity in K562 R (-Bcr-Abl) cells was associated with reduced AKT kinase and signal transducers and activators of transcription-5 DNA binding activities and increased sensitivity to the death ligand Apo-2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-induced apoptosis. All Gleevec-resistant cell types were sensitive to 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG)- and PD180970 (a SRC and Bcr-Abl TK inhibitor)-induced apoptosis. Treatment with 17-AAG or PD180970 also induced apoptosis of CD34+ leukemic cells from three patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis who had progressive leukemia while receiving Gleevec therapy. Taken together, these findings indicate that in addition to overexpression or mutations in Bcr-Abl, resistance to Gleevec may also develop due to a loss of Bcr-Abl expression. These findings also support the rationale to test the in vivo efficacy of 17-AAG and PD180970 against STI-571-resistant Bcr-Abl-positive acute leukemias.
Role of electron blocking layer in III-nitride laser diodes and light-emitting diodes (2010)

A high energy bandgap electron blocking layer (EBL) just behind the active region is conventionally used in the nitride-based laser diodes (LDs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve the confinement capability of electrons within the quantum wells. Nevertheless, the EBL may also act as a potential barrier for the holes and cause non-uniform distribution of holes among quantum wells. A most recent study by Han et al. (Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 231123, 2009) reported that, because of the blocking effect for holes, the InGaN LED device without an EBL has slighter efficiency droop and higher light output at high level of current injection when compared with the LED device with an EBL. This result seems to contradict with the original intention of using the EBL. Furthermore, findings from our previous studies (IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 26, 329, 2008; J. Appl. Phys. 103, 103115, 2008; Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 201118, 2007) indicated that the utilization of EBL is essential for the InGaN laser diodes. Thus, in this work, the optical properties of the InGaN LDs and LEDs are explored numerically with the LASTIP simulation program and APSYS simulation program, respectively. The analyses focus particularly on the light output power, energy band diagrams, recombination rates, distribution of electrons and holes in the active region, and electron overflow. This study will then conclude with a discussion of the effect of EBL on the optical properties of the InGaN LDs and LEDs.