gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low Power Bluetooth Low-Energy Transmitter with a 10.5nJ Startup-Energy Crystal Oscillator (2019)

This paper presents a low power, fully-integrated Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) transmitter (TX) for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The complete BLE TX achieves a total energy per bit of 3.5nJ in an open-loop transmission scheme due to the ultra-low startup energy of the system. The overall system architecture of the BLE TX includes an RF front-end, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (XO), a GFSK modulator, and a digital baseband including a SPI interface. An enhanced capacitively loaded three-stage inverter chain XO is proposed, featuring a 10.2nJ startup-energy, a 150μs startup time, and a 70μW steady-state power. The steady-state frequency inaccuracy of the XO is 14 ppm with less than 26ps cycle-to-cycle jitter. The BLE TX is fabricated in 65nm CMOS technology and it consumes an average power of 2.17mW to transmit an advertisement packet consisting of 368 bits entirely over 600μs including the startup time. Duty-cycling operation is implemented through power gating achieving an average power consumption of 3.72μW (1.86× sleep power) when transmitting a BLE advertising message every 753ms. In our target application, by using these techniques, we are able to extend a common coin battery’s lifetime to more than 20 years.
Design and System Level Simulation of Double-Mass Silicon Micro Gyroscope (2011)

The double-mass silicon micro gyroscope prototype, mechanical structure and working principle are introduced, which has high sesitivity. According to dynamic equations, the signal characteristics are analyzed and the mathematical models of scale factro and bias are established. Then the system level model is established on Simulink platform, including mechanical errors and electrostatic coupling errors and the performance are evaluated. Finally, five gyroscope prototypes are tested, and the performance parameters are as follows, the scale factor is 15.63~19.210mV/°/s, bias stability is 8.9~23.9°/h, bias repeatability is 7.5~19.4°/h.
Synthetic Studies on Active Forms of Vitamin D and Their Analogues. (1995)

Active forms of vitamin D derivatives in addition to the traditional role in calcium homeostasis play an role in cellar differentiation. The hydroxylation at C-1α-position of vitamin D molecule is essential to elicit the physiological activities. We have developed a new method for the selective 1α-hydroxylation process in the steroidal molecule via enol esterification rearrangement of the 1, 4, 6-trien-3-ones. This review deals with the syntheses of important intermediates for the preparation of active forms of vitamin D and their conversion into the active forms of vitamin D. The steroidal synthon, 1α, 3β-dihydroxy-5, 7-choladiene derivatives obtained from ergosterol or stigmasterol was converted into the various active forms of vitamin D compounds by coupling with phenylsulfonyl derivatives. Similar treatment of pregnenolone afforded (20R and 20S)-1α, 3β-dihydroxy-5, 7-pregnadiene derivatives.According to the procedure described here, 1α-hydroxy and 1 a, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, D3, D4, and D7, 24-epi-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2, 1α, 24dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24, 24-dihomo-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1α, 25-dihydroxy-2β-(3-hydroxypropoxy) vitamin D3 were synthesized.
Automated Modularization of GUI Test Cases (2015)

Test cases that drive an application under test via its graphical user interface (GUI) consist of sequences of steps that perform actions on, or verify the state of, the application user interface. Such tests can be hard to maintain, especially if they are not properly modularized - that is, common steps occur in many test cases, which can make test maintenance cumbersome and expensive. Performing modularization manually can take up considerable human effort. To address this, we present an automated approach for modularizing GUI test cases. Our approach consists of multiple phases. In the first phase, it analyzes individual test cases to partition test steps into candidate subroutines, based on how user-interface elements are accessed in the steps. This phase can analyze the test cases only or also leverage execution traces of the tests, which involves a cost-accuracy tradeoff. In the second phase, the technique compares candidate subroutines across test cases, and refines them to compute the final set of subroutines. In the last phase, it creates callable subroutines, with parameterized data and control flow, and refactors the original tests to call the subroutines with context-specific data and control parameters. Our empirical results, collected using open-source applications, illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Analgesic synergy of neurotensin receptor subtype 2 agonist NT79 and morphine (2011)

Neurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide with naloxone-independent analgesic action. NT exerts its effects through three molecularly cloned receptor subtypes, NTS1, NTS2, and NTS3. The analgesic efficacy of NT agonists depends on their activation of NTS1 and/or NTS2. NT79 is an NTS2-selective agonist without hypothermic and hypotensive effects, produces analgesic effects in animal models of visceral (writhing), but not thermal (hot plate) pain. This study extends previous study with NT79 to test its efficacy in an animal model of persistent pain (formalin test) and to determine whether there is analgesic synergy between NT79 and morphine on visceral and persistent pain. NT79 enhanced the analgesic potency of morphine in the writhing test. In the persistent pain model, NT79 and morphine attenuated formalin-induced lifting and biting during the inflammatory phase. NT79 and morphine alone significantly blocked the lifting but not the biting response, which involves the activity of spinal nociceptive circuits. However, the combination of NT79 and morphine attenuated both lifting and biting responses, results indicating both spinal and supraspinal modulation of persistent nociception. Isobolographic analyses show analgesic synergism between NT79 and morphine in persistent pain, thus providing a promise of therapy for pain while minimizing adverse effects associated with morphine use.
Nanoscale magnetic ratchets based on shape anisotropy (2017)

Controlling magnetization using piezoelectric strain through the magnetoelectric effect offers several orders of magnitude reduction in energy consumption for spintronic applications. However strain is a uniaxial effect and, unlike directional magnetic field or spin-polarized current, cannot induce a full 180° reorientation of the magnetization vector when acting alone. We have engineered novel 'peanut' and 'cat-eye' shaped nanomagnets on piezoelectric substrates that undergo repeated deterministic 180° magnetization rotations in response to individual electric-field-induced strain pulses by breaking the uniaxial symmetry using shape anisotropy. This behavior can be likened to a magnetic ratchet, advancing magnetization clockwise with each piezostrain trigger. The results were validated using micromagnetics implemented in a multiphysics finite elements code to simulate the engineered spatial and temporal magnetic behavior. The engineering principles start from a target device function and proceed to the identification of shapes that produce the desired function. This approach opens a broad design space for next generation magnetoelectric spintronic devices.
Ultra-Wideband Two-Cluster Tracking System Design with Angle of Arrival Algorithm (2006)

This paper describes a design effort for a prototype ultra-wideband (UWB) tracking system that is currently under development at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC). The system is being studied for use in tracking of lunar/Mars rovers during early exploration missions when satellite navigation systems are not available. The UWB technology is exploited to implement the tracking system due to its properties such as high data rate, fine time resolution, low power spectral density and multipath immunity. A two-cluster prototype design using commercially available UWB products is proposed to implement the angle of arrival (AOA) tracking methodology in this research effort. Simulations show that the AOA algorithm can achieve the fine tracking resolution with low noise time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimates. The outdoor tests demonstrate the UWB tracking feasibility.
On Weibull-Distributed Weather Clutter (1979)

Weather clutter was observed using an L band range (200nmi) air-route surveillance radar (ARSR). It is shown that the measured clutter amplitudes obey a Weibull distribution.
SiC-Based Gas Sensors (1997)

Electronic grade Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a ceramic material which can operate as a semiconductor at temperatures above 600 C. Recently, SiC semiconductors have been used in Schottky diode gas sensor structures. These sensors have been shown to be functional at temperatures significantly above the normal operating range of Si-based devices. SiC sensor operation at these higher temperatures allows detection of gases such as hydrocarbons which are not detectable at lower temperatures. This paper discusses the development of SiC-based Schottky diode gas sensors for the detection of hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)). Sensor designs for these applications are discussed. High sensitivity is observed for the hydrogen and hydrocarbon sensors using Pd on SiC Schottky diodes while the NO(x) sensors are still under development. A prototype sensor package has been fabricated which allows high temperature operation in a room temperature ambient by minimizing heat loss to that ambient. It is concluded that SiC-based gas sensors have considerable potential in a variety of gas sensing applications.
Ultrasonic guided waves for aging wire insulation assessment (2002)

Environmentally aged wire insulation can become brittle and crack and thus expose the underlying conductive wire to the potential for short circuits and fire. The feasibility of using ultrasonic guided waves to measure insulation condition was examined. First a simple model to study guided wave propagation in a bare and thin plastic coated wire was examined and then some aviation grade wire samples that had been heat-damaged. Initial measurements indicate that ultrasonic guided wave velocity can be used to monitor insulation stiffness.
Molecular characterization of human rotavirus vaccine strain CDC-9 during sequential passages in vero cells (2010)

We have developed several candidate human rotavirus vaccine strains with common serotypes via adaptation in Vero cells, adhering to the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) guidelines. We sequenced the entire genome of a G1P[8] strain CDC-9 in original stool and passaged materials from Vero cells and examined its genetic relatedness to the prototype human rotavirus KU and other strains. With the exception of VP3 gene which was closely related to that of strain DS-1, the culture-adapted CDC-9 strain shared moderate to high nt (range 83.4%-95.1%) and deduced aa (range 81.3%-97.9%) sequence identities with the KU and other G1P[8] strains. Alignments of the deduced aa sequences of 11 gene segments of the wild-type and culture-adapted CDC-9 showed complete sequence identity in genes encoding NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP7, a single aa change in genes coding for NSP1, NSP5 and VP6 and several scattered aa changes in the VP4 gene during the passage in Vero cells. Two of the VP4 aa substitutions (385 and 388) are within sites associated with neutralization resistant mutants selected by cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies. Although some sequence changes were evident, we do not know if these changes contribute to the possible attenuation of this strain. Further testing of this vaccine strain in clinical trials is justified.
Model-driven Specification of Web Services Composition and Integration with Data-intensive Web Applications (2002)

The integration of Web services and Web applications offers challenging opportunities to academic and industrial research; the relevant issues include new methods, paradigms, and standards for supporting Web services and their composition. This paper focuses on the specification of Web applications that compose Web services in order to support arbitrarily complex processes. The proposed approach extends a high-level modeling language, called WebML, used for the specification of the front-end of Web applications. We develop two orthogonal extensions for the inclusion of Web services inside Web applications, accompanied by suitable protocols for message exchange, and the empowerment of Web modeling primitives with workflow capabilities. The combined use of these two features gives to WebML enough expressive power for specifying complex Web service interactions. 1
Acoustic tomography via matched field processing (1991)

This paper suggests a new approach based on narrow-band, low-frequency data using air-deployed shots recorded on widely distributed large aperture vertical arrays. This approach uses fast, cheap, and high S/N data. Results to date with a simulated three-dimensional (3-D) eddy environment show that efficient characterization of the environment plus careful selection of the source/array geometry can lead to highly accurate estimates of the 3-D sound-speed profiles, e.g., maximum errors less than 0.2 m/s.
State-of-charge estimation for batteries: A multi-model approach (2014)

Monitoring the state-of-charge (SoC) for batteries is challenging, especially when a battery has time-varying parameters. We propose to improve SoC estimation using an adaptive strategy and multiple models in this study, developing a unique algorithm called MM-AdaSoC. Specifically, two submodels in state-space form are generated from a modified Nernst battery model. Both are shown to be locally observable under mild conditions. The iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) is then applied to each submodel in parallel, estimating simultaneously the SoC variable and certain unknown parameters. The SoC estimates obtained from the two separately implemented IEKFs are fused to yield the final overall SoC estimates, which tend to have higher accuracy than those obtained from a single-model. Its effectiveness is demonstrated via experiments.
Effect of Inspiratory Flow Rate on Respiratory Rate in Intubated Ventilated Patients (1997)

It has previously been demonstrated that in normal subjects using a volume-cycled ventilator, increasing inspiratory flow rate increases respiratory rate. We undertook the current study to determine (1) whether this effect is also present in patients with respiratory disease and (2) whether the effect is independent of upper airway receptors. Eight ventilator-dependent patients in the intensive care unit were studied. Patients were ventilated in the assist-control mode with the back-up rate set at 0.5 breaths/min to ensure that all breaths were patient-triggered. While tidal volume was held constant, flow was changed from a baseline flow of 60 L/min. Trials involved changing flow to either 30 or 90 L/min. There was a significant decrease in respiratory rate (-3.4 +/- 0.6 min-1, p < 0.001) when flow was decreased from 60 to 30 L/min. There was a significant increase in respiratory rate (2.3 +/- 0.8 min-1, p < 0.05) when flow was increased from 60 to 90 L/min. As a result of the change in respiratory rate, TE (expiratory time) showed a variable response to changes in flow rate, with some patients actually demonstrating a reduced TE with higher flow rates. No patients experienced the increase in TE that would have been predicted without a change in respiratory rate. We conclude that in intubated ventilated patients, spontaneous respiratory rate is sensitive to inspiratory flow rate. This effect appears to be independent of upper airway receptors, since it was observed with a by-passed upper airway. The increase in respiratory rate seen at higher flow rates undermines attempts to increase TE by increasing flow rates. It may also cause a tendency toward respiratory alkalosis.
UDP- <i>N</i> -Acetylglucosamine 4-Epimerase Activity Indicates the Presence of <i>N</i> -Acetylgalactosamine in Exopolysaccharides of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> Strains (2001)

The monomer composition of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Streptococcus thermophilus LY03 and S. thermophilus Sfi20 were evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography with amperometric detection and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both strains produced the same EPS composed of galactose, glucose, and N-acetylgalactosamine. Further, it was demonstrated that the activity of the precursor-producing enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase, converting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, is responsible for the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine in the EPS repeating units of both strains. The activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase was higher in both S. thermophilus strains than in a non-EPS-producing control strain. However, the level of this activity was not correlated with EPS yields, a result independent of the carbohydrate source applied in the fermentation process. On the other hand, both the amounts of EPS and the carbohydrate consumption rates were influenced by the type of carbohydrate source used during S. thermophilus Sfi20 fermentations. A correlation between activities of the enzymes alpha-phosphoglucomutase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and UDP-galactose 4-epimerase and EPS yields was seen. These experiments confirm earlier observed results for S. thermophilus LY03, although S. thermophilus Sfi20 preferentially consumed glucose for EPS production instead of lactose in contrast to the former strain.
Endophyte in New Zealand ryegrass pastures, an overview (1999)

Ryegrass pastures in New Zealand are usually infected with the ryegrass endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii). The endophyte provides protection from invertebrate attack, discourages overgrazing by livestock and perhaps confers other advantages enhancing ryegrass persistence. The endophyte lifecycle is completed within the plant, and transmission is uniquely through the grass seed. Within the plant, the endophyte synthesises a range of compounds, some of which have been identified as responsible for known endophyte effects on pasture invertebrates and on livestock. The concentrations of these compounds vary in different parts of the plant, with plant age and in response to environmental influences. While endophyte has wellknown adverse effects on livestock (reviewed elsewhere in this volume), it contributes positively to grassland productivity in New Zealand. Keywords: endophyte, Lolium, Neotyphodium lolii, pest resistance, ryegrass
Treatment of corn hulls (1977)

Noncarbonhydrate, hemicellulose (I) and cellulose (II) fractions were separated from corn hulls by extracting with alkaline ethanol and H/sub 2/O. Thus, evaporating the combined filtrates, which were obtained by heating a mixture of 52 g ..cap alpha..-amylase-treated hulls in 1000 mL 69% ethanol containing 5 g NaPH in a pressure reactor for 3 h at 100/sup 0/ and washing the filter cake with 1000 mL 69% ethanol at pH 2, to dryness, and drying at 70/sup 0/ in vacuo gave noncarbohydrate fraction in 21.5% yield. Extracting the above cake with H/sub 2/O gave I and II fractions in 36.1 and 28.8% yield, respectively. Application of the process to other agriculture materials (such as rice hulls, peanut shells, etc.) showed that corn hulls are unique in the amounts of water-soluble I and II containing a very lowmethoxyl content.
Personal Clothing Retrieval on Photo Collections by Color and Attributes (2013)

Automatic personal clothing retrieval on photo collections, i.e., searching the same clothes worn by the same person, is not a trivial problem as photos are usually taken under completely uncontrolled realistic imaging conditions. Typically, the captured clothing images have large variations due to geometric deformation, occlusion, cluttered background, and photometric variability from illumination and viewpoint, which pose significant challenges to text-based or reranking-based visual search methods. In this paper, a novel framework is presented to tackle these issues by leveraging low-level features (e.g., color) and high-level features (attributes) of clothing. First, a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) approach based on the bag-of-visual-words (BOW) model is developed as our baseline system, in which a codebook is constructed from extracted dominant color patches. A reranking approach is then proposed to improve search quality by exploiting clothing attributes, including the type of clothing, sleeves, patterns, etc. Compared to low-level features, the attributes have better robustness to clothing variations, and carry semantic meanings as high-level image representations. Different visual attribute detectors are learned from large amounts of training data to extract the corresponding attributes. The construction of codebook and building of attribute classifiers are conducted offline, which leads to fast online search performance. Extensive experiments on photo collections show that the reranking algorithm based on attribute learning significantly improves retrieval performance in combination with the proposed baseline. Even our color-based baseline alone outperforms the previous CBIR-based search approaches. The experiments also demonstrate that our approach is robust to large variations of images taken in unconstrained environment.
Walk the talk: coordinating gesture with locomotion for conversational characters (2016)

Abstract Communicative behaviors are a very important aspect of human behavior and deserve special attention when simulating groups and crowds of virtual pedestrians. Previous approaches have tended to focus on generating believable gestures for individual characters and talker‐listener behaviors for static groups. In this paper, we consider the problem of creating rich and varied conversational behaviors for data‐driven animation of walking and jogging characters. We captured ground truth data of participants conversing in pairs while walking and jogging. Our stylized splicing method takes as input a motion captured standing gesture performance and a set of looped full body locomotion clips. Guided by the ground truth metrics, we perform stylized splicing and synchronization of gesture with locomotion to produce natural conversations of characters in motion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical material having high refractive index, low specific gravity, and excellent impact resistance prepared by unsaturated nitrile-polyfunctional methacrylate-styrenic monomer copolymerization (1997)

A resin having a low specific gravity, an excellent impact resistance, and a high refractive index was produced by radical polymerization of a mixture of difunctional methacrylate, such as tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, styrenic monomer such as styrene or α-methyl styrene, and acrylonitrile. We provide a totally balanced optical material composed of the said resin, especially a lens. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2247–2255, 1997
Depth-resolved low-coherence backscattering spectroscopy (2005)

Although the phenomenon of coherent backscattering (CBS) in non-biological media has generated substantial research interest, observing CBS in biological tissue has been extremely difficult. Thus, this phenomenon has awaited its applications in tissue optics over the last two decades. Here we demonstrate depth-resolved spectroscopic elastic-light scattering measurements in tissue by use of low-coherent backscattering (LCBS) spectroscopy. The depth resolution is achieved by exploiting the nature of the LCBS peak that contains information about a wide range of tissue depths. We further demonstrate that the depth-resolved LCBS spectroscopy has the potential for identifying the location of the origin of precancerous transformations in the colon at an early, previously undetectable stage.