gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perchlorate Behavior in a Municipal Lake Following Fireworks Displays (2007)

Perchlorate salts of potassium and ammonium are the primary oxidants in pyrotechnic mixtures, yet insufficient information is available regarding the relationship between fireworks displays and the environmental occurrence of perchlorate. Here we document changes in perchlorate concentrations in surface water adjacent to a site of fireworks displays from 2004 to 2006. Preceding fireworks displays, perchlorate concentrations in surface water ranged from 0.005 to 0.081 microg/L, with a mean value of 0.043 microg/L. Within 14 h after the fireworks, perchlorate concentrations spiked to values ranging from 24 to 1028x the mean baseline value. A maximum perchlorate concentration of 44.2 microg/L was determined following the July 4th event in 2006. After the fireworks displays, perchlorate concentrations decreased toward the background level within 20 to 80 days, with the rate of attenuation correlating to surface water temperature. Adsorption tests indicate that sediments underlying the water column have limited (< 100 nmol/g) capacity to remove perchlorate via chemical adsorption. Microcosms showed comparatively rapid intrinsic perchlorate degradation in the absence of nitrate consistent with the observed disappearance of perchlorate from the study site. This suggests that at sites with appropriate biogeochemical conditions, natural attenuation may be an important factor affecting the fate of perchlorate following fireworks displays.
Body size, island size and variability in the Canary Island lizards of the genus Galottia (1985)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Fiber-fluorescence<i>in situ</i>hybridization analyses as a diagnostic application for orientation of microduplications (2013)

Fiber-fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses as a diagnostic application for orientation of microduplications
The Making of Cloud Applications An Empirical Study on Software Development for the Cloud (2014)

Cloud computing is gaining more and more traction as a deployment and provisioning model for software. While a large body of research already covers how to optimally operate a cloud system, we still lack insights into how professional software engineers actually use clouds, and how the cloud impacts development practices. This paper reports on the first systematic study on how software developers build applications in the cloud. We conducted a mixed-method study, consisting of qualitative interviews of 25 professional developers and a quantitative survey with 294 responses. Our results show that adopting the cloud has a profound impact throughout the software development process, as well as on how developers utilize tools and data in their daily work. Among other things, we found that (1) developers need better means to anticipate runtime problems and rigorously define metrics for improved fault localization and (2) the cloud offers an abundance of operational data, however, developers still often rely on their experience and intuition rather than utilizing metrics. From our findings, we extracted a set of guidelines for cloud development and identified challenges for researchers and tool vendors.
P2P flows identification method based on listening port (2009)

It is important to identify P2P flows accurately for effective network planning and design, security insuring, network management, network behavior understanding and so on. Firstly, an algorithm for identifying listening port of P2P host (LPIA for short) is proposed. Secondly, a heuristic algorithm of P2P flow identification (PFIA for short) is presented, which combines P2P host's listening port, flow duration, flow length, the relationship of negotiation flow and data flow between different peers. And then a distributed P2P flows identification system (DPFIS) is introduced. DPFIS decentralizes LPIA and PFIA on different PC as well as NetFlow is used for flow clustering, which reduce the complexity for identifying P2P flows in high speed network. Finally, the algorithms are applied in campus network. Results show that our algorithms are simple and could recognize more kinds of P2P flows efficiently.
Menin determines K-RAS proliferative outputs in endocrine cells (2014)

Endocrine cell proliferation fluctuates dramatically in response to signals that communicate hormone demand. The genetic alterations that override these controls in endocrine tumors often are not associated with oncogenes common to other tumor types, suggesting that unique pathways govern endocrine proliferation. Within the pancreas, for example, activating mutations of the prototypical oncogene KRAS drive proliferation in all pancreatic ductal adenocarcimomas but are never found in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Therefore, we asked how cellular context impacts K-RAS signaling. We found that K-RAS paradoxically suppressed, rather than promoted, growth in pancreatic endocrine cells. Inhibition of proliferation by K-RAS depended on antiproliferative RAS effector RASSF1A and blockade of the RAS-activated proproliferative RAF/MAPK pathway by tumor suppressor menin. Consistent with this model, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonist, which stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation, did not affect endocrine cell proliferation by itself, but synergistically enhanced proliferation when combined with a menin inhibitor. In contrast, inhibition of MAPK signaling created a synthetic lethal interaction in the setting of menin loss. These insights suggest potential strategies both for regenerating pancreatic β cells for people with diabetes and for targeting menin-sensitive endocrine tumors.
An alternative, Nonkinase Product of the Brain-Specifically Expressed Ca <sup>2+</sup> /Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II α Isoform Gene in Skeletal muscle (1996)

The gene for the alpha isoform of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (alpha CaMKII) codes for a multifunctional protein kinase that is found exclusively in the brain. Here we show that in skeletal muscle, an alternative nonkinase product, hereafter referred to as alpha KAP (alpha CaMKII association protein), is expressed from the same gene. alpha KAP consists of a C-terminal region that is identical to the association domain of alpha CaMKII, with the exception of 11 amino acids inserted in the variable region. The N-terminal sequence of alpha KAP is highly hydrophobic and not present in any known CaMKII protein. The catalytic and regulatory domains of alpha CaMKII are missing in alpha KAP. Analysis of the exon-intron structure revealed that the alpha KAP transcript is derived from the alpha CaMKII gene by alternative promoter usage and RNA splicing. The transcriptional start site of alpha KAP mRNA is located within an intron of the alpha CaMKII gene. Therefore, the relationship between alpha KAP and alpha CaMKII is that of a gene within a gene. Immunostaining using anti-alpha KAP antibodies suggests that alpha KAP is associated with sarcomeres of skeletal muscle fibers. On the basis of its primary structure and specific location, the possible function of alpha KAP as an anchoring protein for CaMKII is discussed.
Assessment of effect of CYP3A inhibition, CYP induction, OATP1B inhibition, and high‐fat meal on pharmacokinetics of the JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib (2017)

Strong CYP3A inhibition and broad CYP induction result in a weak and moderate effect, respectively, on upadacitinib exposures. OATP1B inhibition and administration of upadacitinib immediate-release formulation with food does not impact upadacitinib exposure.
Nadine-a feedforward neural network for arbitrary nonlinear time series (2002)

It is shown that Madaline networks applied to the modeling of time series realize a constrained Volterra series because of the fixed nature of the nonlinearity. The authors introduce a novel feedforward structure, named Nadine, that can model arbitrary Volterra series and hence arbitrary, analytic nonlinearities with memory. Nadine can be realized using layers of adaptive linear combiners in which the outputs of one layer are used as the weights rather than the activities of the next layer. This structure admits local adaptation of the linear combiners, making it possible to implement backpropagation-style learning without actually propagating adaptation information between the layers. Nadine is therefore very modular, easy to implement, and readily extendible. High-order neural networks and polynomial discriminant-based methods are the special cases of Nadine which can now be implemented modularly without involving preprocessing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indoor multi-robot intelligent coordination based on omni-directional visible light communication (2016)

Multi-robot coordination (MRC) is a key challenge for complex artificial intelligence systems, and conventional wireless-communication-based MRC mechanisms that cannot be deployed in radio-frequency-limited environments. In this Letter, we present a promising solution that utilizes indoor omni-directional visible light communication (VLC) technology to realize efficient multi-robot intelligent coordination (MRIC). The specific design is presented along with the implemental details of a practical MRIC experimental platform. The experimental results show that a 50 Mb/s on-off-keying-based omni-directional VLC can be realized with an effective distance of 2.3 m and a bit error rate of <10 6 in the proposed MRIC platform.
Effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist and agonist on the pulsatile release of gonadotrophins and <i>α</i>‐subunit in postmenopausal women* (1991)

The pulsatile study confirms the different mechanism of action of GnRH analogues. Following antagonist administration, low amplitude free alpha-subunit pulses persist and are synchronous with residual LH pulses. In contrast, LH and free alpha-subunit are not maintained under agonist treatment. These data provide evidence for the differential regulation of LH and free alpha-subunit by GnRH.
<i>In silico</i> modelling of drug–polymer interactions for pharmaceutical formulations (2010)

Selecting polymers for drug encapsulation in pharmaceutical formulations is usually made after extensive trial and error experiments. To speed up excipient choice procedures, we have explored coarse-grained computer simulations (dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and coarse-grained molecular dynamics using the MARTINI force field) of polymer-drug interactions to study the encapsulation of prednisolone (log p = 1.6), paracetamol (log p = 0.3) and isoniazid (log p = -1.1) in poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) controlled release microspheres, as well as the encapsulation of propofol (log p = 4.1) in bioavailability enhancing quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) micelles. Simulations have been compared with experimental data. DPD simulations, in good correlation with experimental data, correctly revealed that hydrophobic drugs (prednisolone and paracetamol) could be encapsulated within PLA microspheres and predicted the experimentally observed paracetamol encapsulation levels (5-8% of the initial drug level) in 50 mg ml(-1) PLA microspheres, but only when initial paracetamol levels exceeded 5 mg ml(-1). However, the mesoscale technique was unable to model the hydrophilic drug (isoniazid) encapsulation (4-9% of the initial drug level) which was observed in experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations using the MARTINI force field indicated that the self-assembly of GCPQ is rapid, with propofol residing at the interface between micellar hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, and that there is a heterogeneous distribution of propofol within the GCPQ micelle population. GCPQ-propofol experiments also revealed a population of relatively empty and drug-filled GCPQ particles.
A comparison of both water and ethanol extracts prepared from Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia on the response to Influenza A/PR/8/34 infection in mice (2010)

iii CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION Literature Review 1 Hypothesis 14 CHAPTER TWO: IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTY OF WATER AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM ECHINACEA SPECIES. Abstract 15 Introduction 17 Material and Methods 21 Results 27 Discussion 31 Figures 38 CHAPTER THREE: CONCLUSION 62
An ultraviolet radiation sensor using differential spectral response of silicon photodiodes (2015)

An ultraviolet (UV) sensor is demonstrated with high sensitivity in the UV waveband and low sensitivity in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) wavebands, utilizing only bulk silicon technology. The developed sensor utilizes the differential spectral response of photodiodes (PDs) with a high UV sensitivity (PD1) and a low UV sensitivity (PD2), for UV signal extraction under a VIS and NIR light background. To suppress the effects of incident light spatial strength distribution over the sensor, PD1 and PD2 were arranged in a checkered pattern of 8×6 PDs. High Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for UV signal extraction was achieved by a developed prototype UV sensor circuit consisted of charge amplifiers connected to PDs and a differential amplifier. The fabricated PD chip has a total area of 1.2 mm2, PD1 and PD2 showed a sensitivity of 0.16 A/W and 0.02 A/W at 310 nm, respectively. The spectral response of the UV sensor was measured and the UV waveband selective sensitivity was successfully obtained.
Two Regions of Sulfonylurea Receptor Specify the Spontaneous Bursting and ATP Inhibition of KATP Channel Isoforms (1999)

KATP channels are heteromultimers of KIR6.2 and a sulfonylurea receptor, SUR, an ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein with several isoforms. KIR6.2 forms a channel pore whose spontaneous activity and ATP sensitivity are modulated by the receptor via an unknown interaction(s). Side by side comparison of single-channel kinetics and steady-state ATP inhibition of human beta-cell, SUR1/KIR6.2, versus cardiac, SUR2A/KIR6.2 channels demonstrate that the latter have a greater mean burst duration and open probability in the absence of nucleotides and approximately 4-fold higher IC50(ATP). We have used matched chimeras of SUR1 and SUR2A to show that the kinetics, which determine the maximal open probability (Pomax), and the ATP sensitivity are functionally separable and to identify the two segments of SUR responsible for these isoform differences. A region within the first five transmembrane domains specifies the interburst kinetics, whereas a C-terminal segment determines the sensitivity to inhibitory ATP. The separable effects of SUR on ATP inhibition and channel kinetics implies that the cytoplasmic C terminus of SUR either directly modulates the affinity of a weak ATP binding site on the inward rectifier or affects linkage between the binding site and the gate. This is the first identification of parts of an ABC protein that interact with an ion channel subunit to modulate the spontaneous activity and ATP sensitivity of the heteromeric channel.
<title>Two-pair category 3 UTP transceivers for fast ethernet</title> (1995)

Reliable 100 Mbit/sec data transmission cannot be reliably achieved over two-pair category 3, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling with conventional two-level line signaling schemes. This paper provides an overview of the issues and challenges of designing 100BASE-T2 proposed transceivers. The use of DSP functionality enables an increase in robustness to alien near end crosstalk (NEXT) on adjacent wire pairs. Two use of this functionality for high-speed data transmission over UTP is primarily due to UTP's attenuation and NEXT coupling which increases with frequency and the need to keep radiated emission levels to FCC radiation emissions limit of 30 MHz.
Control options for a bi-directional multilevel traction chopper (2002)

A high power bi-directional multilevel chopper is developed as a design prototype for an inverting DC traction substation with active power filtering incorporated. The "imbricated cells multilevel chopper" topology is put into practise, where capacitors are used as floating voltage sources. Control options for this chopper are discussed and simulation results are compared. Differences between analog and digital control are also highlighted as a DSP-implemented control strategy is considered for duty-cycle control in the final system.
Proposal-Driven Segmentation for Videos (2019)

Effectively utilizing the common information in a set of video frames is a vital aspect in video segmentation. However, existing methods that transport the common information from a prior frame to the current frame do not make use of the common information effectively. In order to address this issue, we apply a new strategy that jointly segments object through a convolutional neural network (CNN) to build a proposal-driven framework for exploiting the common information between two video frames by processing two video frames simultaneously in this letter. Moreover, proposals from the video frames are found useful for refining the segmentation results through fusing their segmentation results with the ones of the video frames. In our framework, proposals with features are generated by a faster region-CNN, and the L2 loss function is used to establish proposal pairs among proposals from the two selected frames. A new trained ResNet then keeps proposal pairs, which contain the same content, and the PSPNet model for segmentation is utilized to generate the segmentation results belonging to the frames and proposals. Finally, the proposals' segmentation results are refined using the video frames' segmentation results. The VOT 2016 segmentation dataset, the DAVIS 2017 dataset, and the SegTrack v2 dataset were used for training and testing our framework. Experimental results show that our proposal-driven segmentation framework is able to achieve higher accuracies in video segmentation challenge compared to those of the existing video segmentation methods.
Short-term Risk of Death After Treatment With Nesiritide for Decompensated Heart Failure (2005)

Compared with noninotrope-based control therapy, nesiritide may be associated with an increased risk of death after treatment for acutely decompensated heart failure. The possibility of an increased risk of death should be investigated in a large-scale, adequately powered, controlled trial before routine use of nesiritide for acutely decompensated heart failure.
Glottal closure and opening instant detection from speech signals (2009)

This paper proposes a new procedure to detect Glottal Closure and Opening Instants (GCIs and GOIs) directly from speech waveforms.The procedure is divided into two successive steps.First a mean-based signal is computed, and intervals where speech events are expected to occur are extracted from it.Secondly, at each interval a precise position of the speech event is assigned by locating a discontinuity in the Linear Prediction residual.The proposed method is compared to the DYPSA algorithm on the CMU ARCTIC database.A significant improvement as well as a better noise robustness are reported.Besides, results of GOI identification accuracy are promising for the glottal source characterization.
Kinetically induced ordering in gelation of emulsions (1992)

We report the formulation of a solid gel network from purely liquid emulsion droplets. The gel remains rigid at droplet volume fractions as low as ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. The gelation process is identified as diffusion-limited cluster aggregation. We find a surprising order in the gel structure. This ordering is induced by the aggregation kinetics, which result in an unexpected spatial correlation between the growing clusters, ensuring that the network is formed from clusters of nearly equal size and spacing.
Induction by β‐bungarotoxin of apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons is mediated by Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐dependent formation of reactive oxygen species (2003)

The component of the venom of the Taiwanese banded krait Bungarus multicinctus, beta-bungarotoxin (beta-BuTx), acts as an extremely potent inducer of neuronal apoptosis when applied to rat hippocampal cultures. While induction of cell death is dependent on toxin binding to voltage-activated K+ channels and subsequent internalization, the pro-apoptotic signals triggered by picomolar concentrations of beta-BuTx are not understood. Following toxin binding, a dramatic increase in intracellular Ca2+ became detectable after 30 min, and in reactive oxygen species (ROS) after 3-4 h. Conversely, Ca2+ chelators, radical quenchers and antioxidants efficiently antagonized beta-BuTx induced apoptosis. As shown for the antioxidant 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, analysis by matrix assisted laser desorbtion-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry excluded the protective effects to be due to reductive cleavage of the toxic beta-BuTx dimer. Inhibitors of the intracellular antioxidant defence system enhanced neuronal susceptibility to beta-BuTx, supporting the essential role of ROS in beta-BuTx-initiated apoptosis. Cell damage was accompanied by an accumulation of markers of oxidative cell stress, phospholipid hydroxyperoxides and the lipid peroxidation product, malonyl dialdehyde. These observations indicate that beta-BuTx-induced cell death resulted from an intracellular signalling cascade involving subsequent stages of a dramatic rise in free Ca2+, the accumulation of ROS, membrane lipid peroxidation and, finally, apoptosis.
Uncertainty update and dynamic search window for model-based object recognition (2002)

The notion of uncertainty manipulation in robot navigation is applied to the task of model-based object recognition. Based on the fact that every detected object feature in an image must be associated with some uncertainty, the authors show how to iteratively refine the estimate of pose uncertainty of a hypothesized object when a new feature is matched, and how to dynamically determine a proper search window to look for the next model feature. The advantage of this method over the conventional static search window is demonstrated in an actual object recognition task.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gene expression profiling reveals the profound upregulation of hypoxia-responsive genes in primary human astrocytes (2006)

Oxygen is vital for the development and survival of mammals. In response to hypoxia, the brain initiates numerous adaptive responses at the organ level as well as at the molecular and cellular levels, including the alteration of gene expression. Astrocytes play critical roles in the proper functioning of the brain; thus the manner in which astrocytes respond to hypoxia is likely important in determining the outcome of brain hypoxia. Here, we used microarray gene expression profiling and data-analysis algorithms to identify and analyze hypoxia-responsive genes in primary human astrocytes. We also compared gene expression patterns in astrocytes with those in human HeLa cells and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs). Remarkably, in astrocytes, five times as many genes were induced as suppressed, whereas in HeLa and pulmonary ECs, as many as or more genes were suppressed than induced. More genes encoding hypoxia-inducible functions, such as glycolytic enzymes and angiogenic growth factors, were strongly induced in astrocytes compared with HeLa cells. Furthermore, gene ontology and computational algorithms revealed that many target genes of the EGF and insulin signaling pathways and the transcriptional regulators Myc, Jun, and p53 were selectively altered by hypoxia in astrocytes. Indeed, Western blot analysis confirmed that two major signal transducers mediating insulin and EGF action, Akt and MEK1/2, were activated by hypoxia in astrocytes. These results provide a global view of the signaling and regulatory network mediating oxygen regulation in human astrocytes.