gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Perchlorate in Water (2007)

A new heterogeneous catalyst that promotes the reduction by hydrogen of perchlorate ion in water under mild conditions has been developed. The catalyst is prepared by adsorption of a rhenium(VII) precursor (either ammonium perrhenate or methylrhenium trioxide) onto carbon powder containing 5% palladium by weight. Under standard batch conditions of room temperature, 1 bar of hydrogen, and 200 ppm perchlorate (as HClO4), reduction proceeded to less than 1 ppm in as little as 5 h. Extended reaction times led to residual perchlorate at low parts per billion levels. Chloride was the only observed product, with good material balance. Catalytic materials ranging from 3% to 13% Re showed (pseudo) first-order rates linearly dependent on the Re content. Representative normalized rate constants for catalysts with 5-9% Re were in the range 0.1-0.3 L h(-1) (g of cat.)(-1). Inhibition by chloride was not significant, with little change in perchlorate reduction rate in the presence of excess chloride to 1000 ppm. However, optimal activity occurred in acidic solutions (pH ca. 3), and both the rate and extent of reaction decreased at higher values of pH. In its current form the catalyst might be best applied to destroy perchlorate in the acidic regeneration stream from selective ion exchange columns.
Polyphasic taxonomy of the heat resistant ascomycete genus <i>Byssochlamys</i> and its <i>Paecilomyces</i> anamorphs (2009)

Byssochlamys and related Paecilomyces strains are often heat resistant and may produce mycotoxins in contaminated pasteurised foodstuffs. A comparative study of all Byssochlamys species was carried out using a polyphasic approach to find characters that differentiate species and to establish accurate data on potential mycotoxin production by each species. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region, parts of the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes, macro- and micromorphological examinations and analysis of extrolite profiles were applied. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the genus Byssochlamys includes nine species, five of which form a teleomorph, i.e. B. fulva, B. lagunculariae, B. nivea, B. spectabilis and B. zollerniae, while four are asexual, namely P. brunneolus, P. divaricatus, P. formosus and P. saturatus. Among these, B. nivea produces the mycotoxins patulin and byssochlamic acid and the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid. Byssochlamys lagunculariae produces byssochlamic acid and mycophenolic acid and thus chemically resembles B. nivea. Some strains of P. saturatus produce patulin and brefeldin A, while B. spectabilis (anamorph P. variotii s.s.) produces viriditoxin. Some micro- and macromorphological characters are valuable for identification purposes, including the shape and size of conidia and ascospores, presence and ornamentation of chlamydospores, growth rates on MEA and CYA and acid production on CREA. A dichotomous key is provided for species identification based on phenotypical characters.
RandAugment: Practical data augmentation with no separate search. (2019)

Recent work has shown that data augmentation has the potential to significantly improve the generalization of deep learning models. Recently, learned augmentation strategies have led to state-of-the-art results in image classification and object detection. While these strategies were optimized for improving validation accuracy, they also led to state-of-the-art results in semi-supervised learning and improved robustness to common corruptions of images. One obstacle to a large-scale adoption of these methods is a separate search phase which significantly increases the training complexity and may substantially increase the computational cost. Additionally, due to the separate search phase, these learned augmentation approaches are unable to adjust the regularization strength based on model or dataset size. Learned augmentation policies are often found by training small models on small datasets and subsequently applied to train larger models. In this work, we remove both of these obstacles. RandAugment may be trained on the model and dataset of interest with no need for a separate proxy task. Furthermore, due to the parameterization, the regularization strength may be tailored to different model and dataset sizes. RandAugment can be used uniformly across different tasks and datasets and works out of the box, matching or surpassing all previous learned augmentation approaches on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN, and ImageNet. On the ImageNet dataset we achieve 85.0% accuracy, a 0.6% increase over the previous state-of-the-art and 1.0% increase over baseline augmentation. On object detection, RandAugment leads to 1.0-1.3% improvement over baseline augmentation, and is within 0.3% mAP of AutoAugment on COCO. Finally, due to its interpretable hyperparameter, RandAugment may be used to investigate the role of data augmentation with varying model and dataset size.
Replicative Aging and Gene Expression in Long-Term Cultures of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2002)

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) can be easily isolated from adult marrow and contain a population of pluripotent progenitors that can give rise to different mesenchymal lineages both in vitro and in vivo. These properties make BMSCs an attractive target for cell-based therapeutic strategies for a variety of disorders. However, because of their low frequency in vivo, to obtain a sufficient number of cells for tissue engineering a step of extensive in vitro expansion is required, which could significantly alter BMSC properties. Therefore, effective therapeutic use of BMSCs requires the design of appropriate approaches for in vitro cell expansion. In this study we have investigated the biological effects of in vitro expansion on BMSC proliferative ability and on their spontaneous differentiation. Telomerase activity and telomere shortening kinetics were evaluated together with variations in osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic gene expression throughout the BMSC life span. In culture BMSCs never displayed telomerase activity and during in vitro expansion telomere length decreased. Furthermore, gene expression patterns spontaneously varied during expansion, indicating a progressive commitment of the population toward the osteogenic lineage. In conclusion, BMSCs in culture undergo progressive replicative aging and osteogenic differentiation. These observations are relevant to their successful use in clinics and should be considered when designing novel therapeutic strategies.
Microseismicity-derived fracture network characterization of unconventional reservoirs by topology (2018)

The advent of horizontal drilling technology, combined with multistaged hydraulic fracturing to create a complex fracture network within the relatively impermeable rock mass, has made natural gas production from tight reservoirs economically feasible. Understanding of the generated fracture network properties, such as its spatial distribution, extension, connection, and ability to percolate, plays a significant role in evaluation of the stimulation efficiency, optimizing analytical frac models, and ultimately enhancing completion programs. We have developed a unique approach to understand the influence of fractures on fluid flow and production from impermeable reservoirs and evaluate completion effectiveness. We characterize the microseismicity-derived discrete fracture network in a North American shale-gas reservoir using modified scanline and topology methods. Using concepts of node and branch classification and assessing the number of connections (fracture intersections), the network connectivity is established volumetrically. The zones of permeability enhancement are then identified using the connection per branch and line ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), tied to percolation thresholds of the fracture system. These zones consist of a primary zone with a high proportion of doubly connected fractures, a secondary zone populated with partially connected fractures, and a tertiary or unstimulated zone dominated by isolated fractures. These divisions are reflected in the deformation that is observed in the reservoir as measured through a cluster-based description of the microseismicity. The primary and secondary zones are considered spanning fracture clusters, and they take part in production, whereas the tertiary zone is recognized as nonspanning fractures, and though it may enhance the bulk permeability of the rock mass, it is unlikely to contribute to reservoir production.
The factors responsible for the varying levels of UMF® in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey (2006)

The variability in the level of the non-peroxide antibacterial component (UMF®) of mānuka honey produced in New Zealand was studied. A field analysis confirmed considerable variability existed in the honeys, and a number of hypotheses to explain this variability were proposed and examined.\n\nNectar derived from Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka), was confirmed to be the\nsource of UMF®.\n\nThe dilution of mānuka honey with nectar derived from other floral sources was found to proportionally reduce the UMF® in monofloral mānuka honey. The utilisation of the thixotropic properties of mānuka honey allowed the degree of dilution in the field samples to be established, and an adjustment of the field results to account for the dilution of UMF® by other honey types revealed all monofloral mānuka honey contains UMF®. However, in the monofloral mānuka honey, significantly different levels of UMF® activity were found to come from reasonably well-defined geographic regions.\n\nThe cause of the variable levels of UMF® activity in mānuka honey would appear to be the different varieties of L. scoparium being harvested by the honeybees, and the environmental parameters influencing nectar production or another species interacting with L. scoparium do not appear to influence UMF® activity.\n\nThree methods were used to establish genetic variability within regions of the North Island of New Zealand that gave rise to the various levels of UMF® activity. Analyses of morphological characteristics, chemotaxonomic essential oil profiles, and population genetics of L. scoparium populations were conducted, and the conclusions that were drawn from each of these were very similar. Two major divisions were identified, each divided into two varieties. The northern division, which contained the core populations from Northland and Waikato, represented the previously described L. scoparium var. incanum and L. scoparium var. linifolium. This division yielded mānuka honey with high UMF® activity. The southern division, which contained the core populations from the Central North Island and East Coast, represented the previously described L. scoparium var. myrtifolium and an unnamed variety. The latter, growing principally on the East Coast, uniquely contains triketones essential oils. The southern division yielded mānuka honey with low UMF® activity. Hybridisation between these varieties will occur, leading to a continuum of UMF® activity in mānuka honey.\n\nThe data indicated multiple dispersions of L. scoparium to New Zealand from the evolutionary centre of the persistent-capsule Leptospermum group in south-east Australia, and later regional dispersal in New Zealand.\n\nFrom this study two hypotheses were accepted: the variability in the UMF® activity of mānuka honey is due to both the dilution of mānuka honey by other honey types and the variety of L. scoparium harvested.
Structural and functional diversity among amyloid proteins: Agents of disease, building blocks of biology, and implications for molecular engineering (2016)

Amyloids have long been associated with protein dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, but recent research has demonstrated that some organisms utilize the unique properties of the amyloid fold to create functional structures with important roles in biological processes. Additionally, new engineering approaches have taken advantage of amyloid structures for implementation in a wide variety of materials and devices. In this review, the role of amyloid in human disease is discussed and compared to the functional amyloids, which serve a largely structural purpose. We then consider the use of amyloid constructs in engineering applications, including their utility as building blocks for synthetic biology and molecular engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 7-20. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perfect identity concealment in UMTS over radio access links (2006)

Identity concealment is viewed as a standard identity privacy feature. UMTS provides partial concealment. This work extends the UMTS mutual authentication protocol such that the true identity of a mobile equipment cannot be discovered by an attacker eavesdropping over the radio access link interface. Three different solutions using aliases are proposed. Each of them provides perfect identity concealment to mobile equipment over the radio access link part of an UMTS connection.
ReLeS: A Neural Adaptive Multipath Scheduler based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

The Multipath TCP (MPTCP) protocol, featured by its ability of capacity aggregation across multiple links and connectivity maintenance against single-path failure, has been attracting increasing attention from the industry and academy. Multipath packet scheduling is a unique and fundamental mechanism for the design and implementation of MPTCP, which is responsible for distributing the traffic over multiple subflows. The existing multipath schedulers are facing the challenges of network heterogeneities, comprehensive QoS goals, and dynamic environments, etc. To address these challenges, we propose ReLeS, a Reinforcement Learning based Scheduler for MPTCP. ReLeS uses modern deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques to learn a neural network to generate the control policy for packet scheduling. It adopts a comprehensive reward function that takes diverse QoS characteristics into consideration to optimize packet scheduling. To support real-time scheduling, we propose an asynchronous training algorithm that enables parallel execution of packet scheduling, data collecting, and neural network training. We implement ReLeS in the Linux kernel and evaluate it over both emulated and real network conditions. Extensive experiments show that ReLeS significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art schedulers.
El derecho del PDI laboral temporal a los complementos por méritos docentes e investigadores. A propósito de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 10 de diciembre de 2020 y de la sentencia del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid de 28 de abril de 2020 (2021)

espanolLa implantacion en las universidades publicas de un modelo o sistema mixto de personal en el que coexisten profesores funcionarios y laborales comporta importantes dificultades en el dia a dia de la gestion de personal, no en vano, no siempre resultan plenamente justificados los diferentes tratamientos dispensados a cada uno de los diferentes colectivos de profesores e investigadores, generandose numerosas controversias al respecto, ya sea de profesores laborales versus profesores funcionarios, de profesores laborales temporales versus profesores laborales indefinidos o de personal investigador laboral versus profesores laborales. En este trabajo se pretende analizar precisamente la respuesta que han dado los tribunales laborales a una de estas cuestiones litigiosas, en particular, a la surgida a raiz del trato diverso que hasta el momento se habia dispensado al personal docente e investigador laboral con vinculacion temporal de las universidades publicas de Madrid respecto al personal docente e investigador laboral permanente (indefinido) de estas mismas universidades, no en vano, mientras que estos ultimos tenian derecho a que su actividad docente e investigadora fuera evaluada y, en caso de superar favorablemente dicha evaluacion, a adquirir y consolidar los complementos economicos por meritos docentes e investigadores previstos al respecto, el personal docente e investigador laboral con vinculacion temporal quedaba excluido de dicha posibilidad. EnglishThe introduction in public universities of a mixed staff model or system in which tenured and untenured lecturers coexist gives rise to considerable difficulties concerning day-to-day staff management. There is no doubt that the different treatment received by each of the groups of teachers and researchers is not always fully justified. This has led to numerous disputes, whether between untenured and tenured lecturers, temporary and permanent untenured lecturers or untenured research staff and untenured lecturers. This study aims precisely to analyze the response given by the labour courts to one of these issues at stake, in particular the one arising from the different treatment received to date by the temporary untenured teaching and research staff of the public universities of Madrid in relation to the permanent (indefinite) untenured teaching and research staff of these same universities. Indeed, while the latter were entitled to an assessment of their teaching and research activity and, in the event of a favourable outcome of this assessment, to acquire and consolidate the financial bonuses envisaged for teaching and research merit, the temporary untenured teaching and research staff was excluded from this possibility.
Multigram Synthesis of Cu‐Ag Core–Shell Nanowires Enables the Production of a Highly Conductive Polymer Filament for 3D Printing Electronics (2018)

Abstract This article reports a synthesis that yields 4.4 g of Cu nanowires in 1 h, and a method to coat 22 g of Cu nanowires with Ag within 1 h. Due to the large diameters of Cu nanowires (≈240 nm) produced by this synthesis, a Ag:Cu mol ratio of 0.04 is sufficient to coat the nanowires with ≈3 nm of Ag, and thereby protect them from oxidation. This multigram Cu‐Ag core–shell nanowire production process enabled the production of the first nanowire‐based conductive polymer composite filament for 3D printing. The 3D printing filament has a resistivity of 0.002 Ω cm, >100 times more conductive than commercially available graphene‐based 3D printing filaments. The conductivity of composites containing 5 vol% of 50‐µm‐long Cu‐Ag nanowires is greater than composites containing 22 vol% of 20‐µm‐long Ag nanowires or 10‐µm‐long flakes, indicating that high‐aspect ratio Cu‐Ag nanowires enable the production of highly conductive composites at relatively low volume fractions. The highly conductive filament can support current densities between 2.5 and 4.5 × 10 5 A m −2 depending on the surface‐to‐volume ratio of the printed trace, and was used to 3D print a conductive coil for wireless power transfer.
Antipsychotic Drugs: From Receptor-binding Profiles to Metabolic Side Effects (2017)

Emerging evidence suggests that antipsychotics have different liabilities to induce obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia. However this diversity cannot be explained merely by drugs'pharmacodynamic profiles, highlighting the need for further research.
Auto-Configuration of SDN Switches in SDN/Non-SDN Hybrid Network (2015)

This paper proposes an auto-configuration mechanism for a newly attached SDN (Software-defined Networking) switch and intermediate switches in an SDN/non-SDN hybrid network. Automation of initial configuration of SDN switches brings the benefit of reducing the installation costs and maintaining the operational consistency in an enterprise network. However, the heterogeneity of a hybrid network introduces difficulty in achieving such benefits. The proposed system achieves the following features: 1) detecting a new SDN switch in a hybrid network, 2) providing the switch with appropriate configuration parameters in an SDN/non-SDN hybrid network and 3) ensuring seamless service across the SDN and non-SDN segments. The proposed solution also introduces DHCP-SDN as an extension of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to support SDN parameters. The proposed system enables a new SDN switch to automatically start operating even though the intermediate switches are not configured with the SDN-specific VLAN setup.
New virtualised AP for independent wireless network composition (2016)

Virtual access point (VAP) is one of the most useful wireless virtualisation technologies because of its concurrent operation to compose multiple wireless networks via generating service set identifier. A single physical wireless NIC could access multiple networks in a single channel and thus establish a variety of wireless access point without additional wireless network interface. However, as the number of VAP increases, available bandwidth is reduced due to the fact that the number of management frame is increased dramatically in a single channel. Since the management frames should be sent as a basic data rate, channel utilisation and overall network performance would be degraded. To address this problem, system virtualisation is employed to augment wireless NIC hardware. Augmented wireless NICs are exposed to the guest OS and thus can access different wireless channel physically. The results obtained mitigate the bandwidth utilisation of management frame composed to the legacy VAP scheme, increasing round‐trip time latency slightly.
Specifying Concurrent Program Modules (1983)

A method for specifying program modules in a concurrent program is described. It is based upon temporal logic, but uses new kinds of temporal assertions to make the specifications simpler and easier to understand. The semantics of the specifications is described informally, and a sequence of examples are given culminating in a specification of three modules comprising the alternating-bit communication protocol. A formal semantics is given in the appendix.
Counter‐flow gradient electrofocusing (2007)

Counter-flow gradient electrofocusing techniques are methods whereby a combination of electrophoresis and a bulk solution counter-flow is used to accumulate or focus analytes at stationary points along a separation column. This review first describes the various forms of counter-flow gradient electrofocusing that have been demonstrated in the literature and then compares figures of merit for counter-flow focusing methods and conventional CE methods. In an effort to compare the concentration enhancement of the various focusing techniques against each other, as well as of stacking methods, the parameter of analyte-accumulation velocity is introduced and employed to normalize the efficacy of the techniques.