gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NeRF-Tex: Neural Reflectance Field Textures (2021)

We investigate the use of neural fields for modeling diverse mesoscale structures, such as fur, fabric, and grass. Instead of using classical graphics primitives to model the structure, we propose to employ a versatile volumetric primitive represented by a neural reflectance field (NeRF-Tex), which jointly models the geometry of the material and its response to lighting. The NeRF-Tex primitive can be instantiated over a base mesh to ''texture'' it with the desired meso and microscale appearance. We condition the reflectance field on user-defined parameters that control the appearance. A single NeRF texture thus captures an entire space of reflectance fields rather than one specific structure. This increases the gamut of appearances that can be modeled and provides a solution for combating repetitive texturing artifacts. We also demonstrate that NeRF textures naturally facilitate continuous level-of-detail rendering. Our approach unites the versatility and modeling power of neural networks with the artistic control needed for precise modeling of virtual scenes. While all our training data is currently synthetic, our work provides a recipe that can be further extended to extract complex, hard-to-model appearances from real images.
Thiol–disulfide exchange is involved in the catalytic mechanism of peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (2000)

Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA; EC ) reverses the inactivation of many proteins due to the oxidation of critical methionine residues by reducing methionine sulfoxide, Met(O), to methionine. MsrA activity is independent of bound metal and cofactors but does require reducing equivalents from either DTT or a thioredoxin-regenerating system. In an effort to understand these observations, the four cysteine residues of bovine MsrA were mutated to serine in a series of permutations. An analysis of the enzymatic activity of the variants and their free sulfhydryl states by mass spectrometry revealed that thiol-disulfide exchange occurs during catalysis. In particular, the strictly conserved Cys-72 was found to be essential for activity and could form disulfide bonds, only upon incubation with substrate, with either Cys-218 or Cys-227, located at the C terminus. The significantly decreased activity of the Cys-218 and Cys-227 variants in the presence of thioredoxin suggested that these residues shuttle reducing equivalents from thioredoxin to the active site. A reaction mechanism based on the known reactivities of thiols with sulfoxides and the available data for MsrA was formulated. In this scheme, Cys-72 acts as a nucleophile and attacks the sulfur atom of the sulfoxide moiety, leading to the formation of a covalent, tetracoordinate intermediate. Collapse of the intermediate is facilitated by proton transfer and the concomitant attack of Cys-218 on Cys-72, leading to the formation of a disulfide bond. The active site is returned to the reduced state for another round of catalysis by a series of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions via Cys-227, DTT, or thioredoxin.
Engineering motility as a phenotypic response to LuxI/R‐dependent quorum sensing in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

The repertoire of functional outputs interfaced with the LuxI/LuxR quorum sensing system in engineered Escherichia coli has been expanded to include motility via inducible expression of motB. Appropriate choice of ribosome binding site controlling MotB translation was crucial to achieving control over motility.
Text Steganography Based on Feature Coding Method (2016)

Stegnography is a sheltered communication in which information such as text, image, audio and video is kept under shelter of another message. The message providing the shelter can also be text, image, video etc. No one except the dispatcher and projected addressee can have any idea if any sort of hidden writing exists. In this paper, we present and evaluate an approach for text steganography which is hiding text underneath text. The approach is based on feature encoding and random character generation method. Our focus is primarily on the shape of the capital alphabets of the English language and hence the algorithm has been termed as capital alphabet shape encoding method.
Free-base cocaine smoking (1982)

Six healthy male, paid subjects smoked 50 mg of free-base cocaine in a specially designed glass pipe under a rigidly controlled smoking protocol. The method of heating the pipe and the temperature that produced the most efficient and consistent vaporization of the drug had been determined experimentally. The psychological and cardiovascular effects of smoking free-base cocaine were recorded. Approximately 26% of th original material was recovered from the pipe after smoking. Simulated smoking experiments in vitro indicated that only 44% of the material not trapped in the pipe was cocaine and that over 90% of this cocaine was delivered during the first four puffs (i.e., during the first 2 min of simulated smoking). These findings indicate that of the original 50 mg of cocaine free base placed in the pipe's bowl, only 32% could have been inhaled (16.3 +/- 0.6 mg). The cocaine free base inhaled induced psychological and cardiovascular effects similar to, or slightly more intense and pleasurable than, the effects of 20 mg of cocaine HCl (18 mg of cocaine base) taken intravenously by the same subjects and also induced a slightly more intense craving for another dose.
Hand Movement Activity-Based Character Input System on a Virtual Keyboard (2020)

Nowadays, gesture-based technology is revolutionizing the world and lifestyles, and the users are comfortable and care about their needs, for example, in communication, information security, the convenience of day-to-day operations and so forth. In this case, hand movement information provides an alternative way for users to interact with people, machines or robots. Therefore, this paper presents a character input system using a virtual keyboard based on the analysis of hand movements. We analyzed the signals of the accelerometer, gyroscope, and electromyography (EMG) for movement activity. We explored potential features of removing noise from input signals through the wavelet denoising technique. The envelope spectrum is used for the analysis of the accelerometer and gyroscope and cepstrum for the EMG signal. Furthermore, the support vector machine (SVM) is used to train and detect the signal to perform character input. In order to validate the proposed model, signal information is obtained from predefined gestures, that is, “double-tap”, “hold-fist”, “wave-left”, “wave-right” and “spread-finger” of different respondents for different input actions such as “input a character”, “change character”, “delete a character”, “line break”, “space character”. The experimental results show the superiority of hand gesture recognition and accuracy of character input compared to state-of-the-art systems.
Baotou increases rare earth production in 2017 (2018)

Baotou’s municipal government has released figures that show production of different kinds of rare earth products increased in 2017, and are set to increase further.The government set an output target of 30,000 tonnes of rare earth permanent magnetic material by 2020, 50% of which would be high-end products. On December 11, Baotou finished the construction of the world’s first rare earth sulfide colorant consecutive tunnel kiln production line and successfully realized the industrialization, which the government of Inner Mongolia announced as a key development in its technology innovation efforts.
Le travail du diplomate et la diffusion des idées politiques à l'époque moderne : la Fronde vue par le résident suédois Schering Rosenhane (1648-1649) (2010)

Cet article est basé sur la correspondance du résident suédois à Paris, Schering Rosenhane, qui permet de s’interroger sur les défis que la Fronde pose aux diplomates étrangers. Rosenhane arrive à Paris au printemps 1648, et doit expliquer dans ses lettres au gouvernement suédois et au chancelier Axel Oxenstierna la situation politique française. En dehors du difficile travail d’exposition d’événements complexes, il se trouve rapidement confronté à la difficulté de traduire en suédois la réalité politique française. Sa correspondance se trouve remplie de termes français, qu’il considère comme indispensable pour faire comprendre les causes et la signification de la Fronde. Cela ne signifie pas pour autant qu’il soit un observateur neutre. Il observe les événements comme un aristocrate suédois, ce qui l’amène à adopter et à soutenir les positions du Parlement. Il est tellement intéressé qu’il va jusqu’à appuyer sa cause en rédigeant une mazarinade en latin. Lorsque le cardinal Mazarin le découvre, il demande à la reine Christine de rappeler Rosenhane. Il conforte ainsi la reine dans sa conviction que les aristocrates suédois cherchent à affaiblir le pouvoir royal. La correspondance diplomatique sert de support à la diffusion en Europe d’un langage politique, mais révèle aussi la persistance des particularités régionales. Le séjour de Rosenhane à Paris montre également la manière dont les intérêts propres des diplomates, plutôt que ceux de leur prince ou de leur pays, peuvent influencer leur travail.
Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on the Storage Stability and Quality of Polished Wheat (1973)

In order to study the effect of gamma-ray on the storage stability and quality of polished wheat, the grain was irradiated at krad levels and quality assessment was made for three-month storage period. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Growth of molds was apparent at equilibrium moisture content above 14.8% of the grain, but their growth was retarded at 250 krad level. 2) Irradiation at 250 krad level had no adverse effect on fat acidity, reducing sugar content and color of the grain. 3) Irradiation of the grain caused the increase of degree of gelatinization and the decrease of viscosity. 4) Irradiation at 250 krad level brought about higher digestibility of the grain but had no effect on the rate of retrogradation.
Gastric emptying of wholemeal and white bread. (1977)

We studied the rates at which solid and liquid leave the stomach after meals of wholemeal and white bread by using a double isotope technique. There was no difference in the rates at which the solid phases of the gastric contents left the stomach but liquid left the stomach significantly more rapidly with white bread than with wholemeal bread. Furthermore, the amount of liquid leaving the stomach unaccompanied and therefore unbuffered by solid was significantly greater after while bread than wholemeal bread. These findings may be of significance in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer and they provide a rational basis for a possible form of dietary treatment.
Harmonic Resonance Investigation of a Multi-Inverter Grid-Connected System Using Resonance Modal Analysis (2018)

This paper addresses the resonance problem in a parallel-inverter-based grid-connected system. Harmonic interactions between inverters and the grid exhibit various number of complicated characteristics that threatens the system stability and power quality. In this paper, a method of harmonic resonance analysis is proposed to investigate the resonance problem in a multi-inverter grid-connected system based on resonance modal analysis (RMA) and participation factor (PF) calculations. Initially, an impedance-based analytical approach is employed and expanded to an electricity distribution network that is dominated by multiple inverters with LCL filters and proportional resonant controllers. Then, the RMA is introduced to investigate the resonant interactions among inverters and the grid. Specifically, harmonic resonance characteristics are addressed through transfer functions and the proposed method considering variation of inverter number, different inverter combinations, and critical system components. Finally, time domain simulations on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform are presented. The case study results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The cyclic <scp>GMP</scp>‐<scp>AMP</scp> synthetase–<scp>STING</scp> signaling pathway is required for both the innate immune response against <scp>HBV</scp> and the suppression of <scp>HBV</scp> assembly (2015)

During viral replication, the innate immune response is induced through the recognition of viral replication intermediates by host factor(s). One of these host factors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase (cGAS), was recently reported to be involved in the recognition of viral DNA derived from DNA viruses. However, it is uncertain whether cGAS is involved in the recognition of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a hepatotropic DNA virus. In the present study, we demonstrated that HBV genome-derived double-stranded DNA induced the innate immune response through cGAS and its adaptor protein, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), in human hepatoma Li23 cells expressing high levels of cGAS. In addition, we demonstrated that HBV infection induced ISG56 through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. This signaling pathway also showed an antiviral response towards HBV through the suppression of viral assembly. From these results, we conclude that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is required for not only the innate immune response against HBV but also the suppression of HBV assembly. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway may thus be a novel target for anti-HBV strategies.
Role of two conserved glycine residues in the β‐propeller domain of the integrin α4 subunit in VLA‐4 conformation and function<sup>1</sup> (1998)

The N-terminal region of the alpha integrin subunits is predicted to fold into a beta-propeller domain. Using K562 alpha4 transfectants we show that mutations at alpha4 subunit residues Gly130 and Gly190 affect the conformation of this domain causing a reduction in the recognition of alpha4 by anti-alpha4 antibodies which map to the beta-propeller. The improper alpha4 conformation also led to an altered association with the beta1 subunit, and to a lack of alpha4beta1 adhesion to VCAM-1 and CS-1/fibronectin, as well as an abolishment of anti-alpha4- and anti-beta1-dependent homotypic aggregation. The total conservation of Gly130 and Gly190 among integrin alpha subunits suggests their importance in the correct folding of their respective beta-propeller domains, and thus, in the adhesive activity of the integrins.
Template-directed vapor–liquid–solid growth of silicon nanowires (2002)

The synthesis of Si nanowires in nanoporous anodic alumina membranes was demonstrated using a combination of Au electrodeposition and vapor–liquid–solid growth at 500 °C using SiH4 as the Si source. The average diameter of the nanowires was 200±54 nm which was close to the pore size distribution of the membranes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanowires consist of a crystalline Si core, oriented in the 〈100〉 or 〈211〉 growth direction, with a thin (&lt;3 nm) native oxide coating. In this process, Au terminates both ends of the growing wires, resulting in the formation of Au–Si–Au nanowires.
Synergistic Effect of Nod1 and Nod2 Agonists with Toll-Like Receptor Agonists on Human Dendritic Cells To Generate Interleukin-12 and T Helper Type 1 Cells (2005)

A synthetic Nod2 agonist, muramyldipeptide (MDP), and two Nod1 agonists, FK565 and FK156, mimic the bacterial peptidoglycan moiety and are powerful adjuvants that induce cell-mediated immunity, especially delayed-type hypersensitivity. In this study, we used human dendritic cell (DC) cultures to examine possible T helper type 1 (Th1) responses induced by MDP and FK565/156 in combination with various synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including synthetic lipid A (TLR4 agonist), the synthetic triacyl lipopeptide Pam3CSSNA (TLR2 agonist), poly(I:C) (TLR3 agonist), and CpG DNA (TLR9 agonist). Immature DCs derived from human monocytes expressed mRNAs for Nod1, Nod2, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9. The stimulation of DCs with MDP and FK565 in combination with lipid A, poly(I:C), and CpG DNA, but not with Pam3CSSNA, synergistically induced interleukin-12 (IL-12) p70 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not IL-18, in culture supernatants and induced IL-15 on the cell surface. In correlation with the cytokine induction, an upregulation of the mRNA expression of these cytokine genes was observed. Notably, IL-12 p35 mRNA expression increased >1,000-fold upon stimulation with lipid A plus either MDP or FK565 compared with stimulation with each stimulant alone. In contrast, for the expression of CD83 and costimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, and CD86, no synergistic effects were observed upon stimulation with Nod plus TLR agonists. The culture supernatants of DCs stimulated with lipid A plus either MDP or FK565 activated human T cells to produce high levels of IFN-gamma, and the activity was attributable to DC-derived IL-12. These findings suggest that Nod1 and Nod2 agonists in combination with TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 agonists synergistically induce IL-12 and IFN-gamma production in DCs to induce Th1-lineage immune responses.
Lane Departure Detecting with Classification of Roadway Based on Bezier Curve Fitting Using DGPS/GIS (2021)

Lane departure warning system plays an important role in safety driving by detecting a departure from a lane that is inadvertently operated on the driving trajectory. This paper suggestion detection algorithm when a vehicle departs lane boundary using GIS based on DGPS in the whole roadways. Lane segments obtained from the GIS are calculated their relative distances based on the vehicle position. Lane segments consist of consecutive straight lines and have a steady numerical error of design. In the curved section, the numerical error is bigger due to the characteristics. Accurate information about lane segments is required to reduce errors. Bezier curves are one way to extract lane segments from a curved section. The proposed lane departure algorithm is processed in two ways according to the lane type. Firstly, roads should be classified as lane type with straight and curved sections. Intersection points (IP) algorithm can easily classify the curve segments. Classified lane segments handle arithmetic relative distances for each algorithm. The lane segment of the base boundary, which is a straight lane section, has a virtual line based on the requirements of ISO 17361. The overlap area, consisting of a curve lane section and a Bezier curve, calculates the departure distance through the continuity of the driving characteristic and determines the lane departure from the curved roadways. To verify the proposed algorithm, the lane departure test led to two lane departures on each roadway. The comparison between visual sight and the departure alarm shows the driver within 0.1 second.
IPv6 over ATM Networks (1999)

This document is a companion to the ION working group's architecture document, over Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) It provides specific details on how to apply the IPv6 over NBMA architecture to ATM networks. This architecture allows conventional host-side operation of the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery protocol, while also supporting the establishment of 'shortcut' ATM forwarding paths (when using SVCs). Operation over administratively configured Point to Point PVCs is also supported.
An information-interconnectivity-based retrieval method for network attached storage (2004)

Network attached disk storage is characterized by independent network attachment and embedded intelligence. For Internet applications, it provides the key functionality of geographical replication and intelligent retrieval of data objects.The paper describes a latency reducing method based on the relative interconnectivity between data objects. We follow the locality-of-reference principle to partition interrelated data objects on close disk areas or network storage nodes. The method incorporates a clustering algorithm to support smarter placement of related objects and read-ahead group caching. Objects that are associated together are clustered in the same group and can be read from disk and cached together. The proposed clustering and cache algorithms do not use floating point, allowing direct and fast implementation on a variety of disk controllers.
Extreme Volume Detection for Managed Print Services (2010)

A managed print service (MPS) manages the printing, scanning and facsimile devices in an enterprise to control cost and improve availability. Services include supplies replenishment, maintenance, repair, and use reporting. Customers are billed per page printed. Data are collected from a network of devices to facilitate management. The number of pages printed per device must be accurately counted to fairly bill the customer. Software errors, hardware changes, repairs, and human error all contribute to “meter reads” that are exceptionally high and are apt to be challenged by the customer were they to be billed. Account managers periodically review data for each device in an account. This process is tedious and time consuming and an automated solution is desired. Exceptional print volumes are not always salient and detecting them statistically is prone to errors owing to nonstationarity of the data. Mean levels and variances change over time and usage is highly auto correlated which precludes simple detection methods based on deviations from an average background. A solution must also be computationally inexpensive and require little auxiliary storage because hundreds of thousands of streams of device data must be processed. We present an algorithm and system for online detection of extreme print volumes that uses dynamic linear models (DLM) with variance learning. A DLM is a state space time series model comprising a random mean level system process and a random observation process. Both components are updated using Bayesian statistics. After each update, a forecasted value and its estimated variance are calculated. A read is flagged as exceptionally high if its value is highly unlikely with respect to a forecasted value and its standard deviation. We provide implementation details and results of a field test in which error rate was decreased from 26.4% to 0.5% on 728 observed meter reads.
Integrated label-free silicon nanowire sensor arrays for (bio)chemical analysis (2013)

We present a label-free (bio)chemical analysis platform that uses all-electrical silicon nanowire sensor arrays integrated with a small volume microfluidic flow-cell for real-time (bio)chemical analysis and detection. The integrated sensing platform contains an automated multi-sample injection system that eliminates erroneous sensor responses from sample switching due to flow rate fluctuations and provides precise sample volumes down to 10 nl. Biochemical sensing is demonstrated with real-time 15-mer DNA-PNA (peptide nucleic acid) duplex hybridization measurements from different sample concentrations in a low ionic strength, and the equilibrium dissociation constant KD ≈ 140 nM has been extracted from the experimental data using the first order Langmuir binding model. Chemical sensing is demonstrated with pH measurements from different injected samples in flow that have sensitivities consistent with the gate-oxide materials. A differential sensor measurement configuration results in a 30× reduction in sensor drift. The integrated label-free analysis platform is suitable for a wide range of small volume chemical and biochemical analyses.