gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme: I. New Strategies for Assay (1980)

The disposition of converting enzyme (kininase II) on the luminal surface of pulmonary endothelial cells is well established. Further, it is known that there is a net conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II as blood passes through the lungs. However, little is known about modulations of converting enzyme activity that may arise through, e.g., changes in the quality of inhalants, blood flow, or blood oxygenation. There are few data on the effects of lung disease. A major barrier to studies to examine for pathophysiologic modulations of converting enzyme is that of assay. The enzyme can be measured in terms of the rate of formation of angiotensin II from a known quantity of angiotensin I. However, both peptides are biologically active, and lungs contain other enzymes capable of degrading them. We have developed a series of radiolabeled, acylated tripeptides to improve our ability to examine for changes in the net converting enzyme of intact lungs. The enzyme, a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, is capable of removing C-terminal dipeptides from a variety of oligopeptides. We have prepared benzoyl-Gly-Gly-Gly (I), benzoyl-Pro-Phe-Arg (II), benzoyl-Gly-His-Leu (III), benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro (IV), and benzoyl-Phe-His-Leu (V), each containing a 3H-atom in the para position of the benzoyl moiety. Substrates I and III have been used previously in photometric assays of low sensitivity. II is the acylated C-terminal tripeptide of bradykinin, IV is an acylated tripeptide analog of BPP5a (<Glu-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro) and V is the acylated C-terminal tripeptide of angiotensin I. These substrates can be used in vitro or in vivo to measure converting enzyme. The 3H-labeled product is separable by partitioning between an organic solvent and acidified aqueous solution. The product is quantified by scintillation counting of the organic phase. The choice of substrate depends on the goals of the experiment: substrate I or III when wide variations in substrate concentrations are needed but high sensitivity is not; substrate IV when high sensitivity is needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationships of Substituted 5H‐Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidines as Group 2 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust distributed compression for cloud radio access networks (2012)

This work studies distributed compression for the uplink of a cloud radio access network, where multiple multi-antenna base stations (BSs) communicate with a central unit, also referred to as cloud decoder, via capacity-constrained back-haul links. Distributed source coding strategies are potentially beneficial since the signals received at different BSs are correlated. However, they require each BS to have information about the joint statistics of the received signals across the BSs, and are generally sensitive to uncertainties regarding such information. Motivated by this observation, a robust compression method is proposed to cope with uncertainties on the correlation of the received signals. The problem is formulated using a deterministic worst-case approach, and an algorithm is proposed that achieves a stationary point for the problem. From numerical results, it is observed that the proposed robust compression scheme compensates for a large fraction of the performance loss induced by the imperfect statistical information.
Ocean wave slope spectra from polarimetric SAR images of the ocean surface (2002)

Fully-polarimetric SAR measurements have been used successfully to estimate the slopes of natural surfaces in the azimuth direction. The primary thrust of these previous studies has been the use of polarimetric measurements to generate digital elevation maps (DEM) of terrain. In this study, fully-polarimetric SAR measurements of ocean waves from NASA/JPL's AIRSAR are used to estimate the azimuth wave slopes of surface waves. These slope estimates are then used to generate wave slope spectra. The technique follows the approach developed by Schuler and Lee for estimating DEMs. Since the wave slope measurements are small and are extremely sensitive to errors, different algorithms for estimating the slopes were investigated. In addition to this technique for estimating the azimuth wave slopes, a new processing technique is developed for using polarimetric SAR measurements for estimating the range directed wave slopes. The range slope estimates are obtained by using the phase difference between the HH and VV complex images. Initial results indicate that this technique may help to 'fill-in' the spectrum for wave components traveling close to the range direction. The slope spectra derived from the fully-polarized, signatures appear to agree well with the slope spectra derived from the image spectra.
Sequence conservation within the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 and formation of HPV-18 virus-like particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

The major capsid protein L1 of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been identified as a promising candidate antigen for a prophylactic HPV vaccine. Since amino acid sequence heterogeneity has been demonstrated for the L1 genes within individual HPV types, nucleotide sequences of L1 were determined from six HPV-18 clinical isolates and the cervical carcinoma cell line SW756 and compared to the published HPV-18 prototype sequence. The sequences were almost identical between the clinical isolates and SW756 but differed markedly from the published prototype sequence. Resequencing the prototype HPV-18 revealed that these differences were due to sequencing artifacts of the prototype HPV-18 sequence archived in GenBank. Thus, the HPV-18 L1 genes seem to display a very high level of sequence conservation. The HPV-18 L1 gene derived from SW756 was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and self-assembly of the L1 protein into virus-like particles was demonstrated.
Optimization of refractive index sampling for multichannel fiber Bragg gratings (2003)

A comprehensive analysis of multichannel grating optimization strategies is presented. The central idea is in dephasing of partial gratings with respect to each other. This dephasing allows the utilization of ultraviolet-induced refractive index changes with maximum efficiency. The dependence of group delay ripple on optimization strategy, number of channels, and other grating characteristics is also briefly discussed. Finally, we discuss further generalization of the dephasing approach to the case of multichannel gratings with nonidentical spectral characteristics.
Closed yet open DRAM (2018)

DRAM memory access is a critical performance bottleneck. To access one cache block, an entire row needs to be sensed and amplified, data restored into the bitcells and the bitlines precharged, incurring high latency. Isolating the bitlines and sense amplifiers after activation enables reads and precharges to happen in parallel. However, there are challenges in achieving this isolation. We tackle these challenges and propose an effective scheme, simultaneous read and precharge (SRP), to isolate the sense amplifiers and bitlines and serve reads and precharges in parallel. Our detailed architecture and circuit simulations demonstrate that our simultaneous read and precharge (SRP) mechanism is able to achieve an 8.6% performance benefit over baseline, while reducing sense amplifier idle power by 30%, as compared to prior work, over a wide range of workloads.
Barrier‐Guided Growth of Micro‐ and Nano‐Structured Graphene (2012)

A novel approach for the rational synthesis of low-defect density, patterned graphene from the bottom up, called barrier-guided chemical vapor deposition, is introduced. A patterned barrier layer impedes the growth of graphene in selected areas of the copper substrate, guiding the growth of graphene into desired micro- and nano- structures with control over placement, orientation, and spatial and lateral extent.
EUV interferometric testing and alignment of the 0.3-NA MET optic (2004)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) interferometry has been successfully performed for the first time at 0.3 numerical aperture (NA). Extensive EUV “at-wavelength” testing including alignment, was performed on a newly created Micro Exposure Tool (MET) optic designed for sub-50-nm EUV lithographic imaging experiments. The two-mirror, 0.3 NA MET is ar-guably the highest resolution light-projection lithography tool ever made. Using both lateral shearing and phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry, the wavefront was measured across the field of view, and the alignment was optimized in preparation for imaging. The wavefront quality reached 0.55 nm RMS (lambda[EUV]/24.5) in a 37-term annular Zernike poly-nomial series, dominated by higher-order spherical aberration. Measurements included calibrations of the interferometer accuracy, assessment of repeatability, and cross-comparisons of visible and EUV interferometric measurements. The comparisons and the final, measured wavefront quality were affected by an apparent alignment drift, several tenths of a nm in magnitude. Significant unresolved differences between testing strategies shows that continued work is needed to improve the measurement accuracy to levels required for EUV lithography.
Metabolic engineering of the mixed-acid fermentation pathway of Escherichia coli for anaerobic production of glutamate and itaconate (2015)

Itaconic acid, an unsaturated C5-dicarboxylic acid, is a biobased building block for the polymer industry. The purpose of this study was to establish proof of principle for an anaerobic fermentation process for the production of itaconic acid by modification of the mixed acid fermentation pathway of E. coli. E. coli BW25113 (DE3) and the phosphate acetyltransferase (pta) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) deficient strain E. coli BW25113 (DE3) Δpta-ΔldhA were used to study anaerobic itaconate production in E. coli. Heterologous expression of the gene encoding cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cadA) from A. terreus in E. coli BW25113 (DE3) did not result in itaconate production under anaerobic conditions, but 0.08 mM of itaconate was formed when the genes encoding citrate synthase (gltA) and aconitase (acnA) from Corynebacterium glutamicum were also expressed. The same amount was produced when cadA was expressed in E. coli BW25113 (DE3) Δpta-ΔldhA. The titre increased 8 times to 0.66 mM (1.2 % Cmol) when E. coli BW25113 (DE3) Δpta-ΔldhA also expressed gltA and acnA. In addition, this strain produced 8.5 mM (13 % Cmol) of glutamate. The use of a nitrogen-limited growth medium reduced the accumulation of glutamate by nearly 50 % compared to the normal medium, and also resulted in a more than 3-fold increase of the itaconate titre to 2.9 mM. These results demonstrated that E. coli has potential to produce itaconate and glutamate under anaerobic conditions, closing the redox balance by co-production of succinate or ethanol with H2 and CO2.
Antibiofilm Properties of Acetic Acid (2014)

Bacterial biofilms are known to be extremely tolerant toward antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. These biofilms cause the persistence of chronic infections. Since antibiotics rarely resolve these infections, the only effective treatment of chronic infections is surgical removal of the infected implant, tissue, or organ and thereby the biofilm. Acetic acid is known for its antimicrobial effect on bacteria in general, but has never been thoroughly tested for its efficacy against bacterial biofilms. In this article, we describe complete eradication of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilms using acetic acid both as a liquid and as a dry salt. In addition, we present our clinical experience of acetic acid treatment of chronic wounds. In conclusion, we here present the first comprehensive <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing of acetic acid against bacterial biofilms.
Expression of Haptoglobin-related Protein in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancers: A Longitudinal Study of 48 Fatal Tumors (1991)

The ability to establish a prognosis for patients with early breast cancer is an important clinical issue. Recent studies have shown that antibodies to haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr) may be useful in stratifying early patients with breast cancer according to their relative risks of recurrence. Nearly 30% of early breast cancers express proteins bearing Hpr epitopes. Hpr-positive breast cancers are more likely to recur after primary resection and are associated with shorter disease-free intervals. This immunohistochemical study examines temporal changes in Hpr expression during the course of disease in 48 patients with fatal breast carcinoma. Thirty-seven primary tumors (77%) were Hpr positive. Ten of the 11 initially negative tumors (91%) were Hpr positive at the time of recurrence. In contrast, only 10 of the 37 initially positive tumors (27%) were Hpr negative with relapse. Of 18 axillary nodes that were examined, 16 (89%) were Hpr positive; all four lymph nodal metastases in patients with initially negative primary tumors were Hpr positive. The authors conclude that the acquisition of Hpr expression parallels increased malignant potential and that Hpr expression, once acquired, tends to remain a permanent characteristic of any given mammary tumor.
All-optical packet switching with all-optical header processing using Fabry-Perot laser diodes (2005)

We will describe recent results in all-optical packet switching with all-optical header processing using Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP-LD). First, we will report an all-optical header processor and control signal generator using a single FP-LD with a special two-intensity-level control signal and a novel self-routing address format for the data packets. We then show that the special control signal can be generated by direct modulation of a DFB laser with square electrical pulses thus simplifying implementation. We will demonstrate that a single Fabry-Perot laser diode can also serve as an all-optical on/off switch with all-optical header processing. The header rate is 5 Gb/s and the payload rate is 10 Gb/s. The all-optical on/off switch can also be realized by using a FP-LD as the header processor only and executing the packet switching at a separate stage. The two-stage implementation of all-optical on/off switch eliminates the residue header bits problems if only a single FP-LD is used. Finally, we propose an all-optical packet-switched ring network which can be constructed from the all-optical on/off switches demonstrated.
In vivo Biological Activity of Recombinant <i>Der </i><i>p</i> II Allergen of House-Dust Mite (1994)

The cDNA coding for one of the major allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p II, has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. The recombinant material (r Der p II) was tested in the skin of house-dust allergic patients, and was found to be almost as active as the purified native allergen (n Der p II) in stimulating immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The positivity to r Der p II in these patients, who were selected for their skin-test reactivity to house-dust extract (HDE) and whole mite extract (WME), was over 60%, and 80% of their sera contained detectable IgE antibody against the recombinant allergen. The level of specific IgE antibody against r Der p II was a mean of 40% of that against WME in the sera of patients who were skin test positive to both allergen preparations. In contrast to the house-dust allergic patients, none of a group of allergic patients whose clinical history did not implicate house dust, and who were skin test negative to HDE or WME, were positive to r Der p II. Of interest was the observation that only 37% of a group of subjects who were skin test positive to HDE and WME, but who reported no clinical history of allergic disease upon natural exposure to house dust, reacted to r Der p II. These results demonstrate the biological activity of r Der p II, and indicate, in persons skin test positive to house-dust mite extract, an association between reactivity to Der p II and the manifestation of clinical symptoms.
Interband Cascade Lasers for Spectroscopy with Very Low Input Power (2012)

We report cw interband cascade lasers operating to 109 °C, which at room temperature emit at wavelengths > 5.5 μm with output powers > 150 mW, wallplug efficiencies > 13%, and input powers < 30 mW.
Enriching and Simplifying Communication by Social Prioritization (2010)

This paper presents a framework for Aggregated Social Graphs, the ASG Framework, for developing applications that harness information available on social networking sites and telecom platforms to make communication simpler and richer. The framework aggregates users social graph by harnessing contact and social information from multiple communication environments and then calculating the social strength between the users, based on the users communication history. The framework discovers communication patterns in different level which is eventually used to simplify and enhance communication services by inviting appropriate users for collaboration, selecting suitable tools for communication and prioritizing information flows over the cloud. The framework also enables new types of applications such as social search clients, smart dialers or contact applications.
Radiation Characteristics of High-Pressure Sodium Lamps (1974)

The radiation characteristics of high-pressure sodium lamps were examined by changing the bore and input power of an arc tube:(a) Increase of the bore results in a better color rendition. This is the same effect as is observed with an increased sodium vapour pressure.(b) In case the input power is kept constant, the lamp efficacy drops with an increase of the bore. However, in case the wall loading is maintained constant, the efficacy scarcely depends on the bore, since it rises with an increase of the input power.The individual factor determining the lamp efficacy was studied through the theoretical analysis of the phenomena in an arc tube. Relationship between each factor and the three discharge parameters, viz., the bore, input power and vapour pressure, has been clarified as follows:(a) The radiant power Pr (W·cm-1) is determined only by the input power Pin (W·cm-1) through the equation Pr=0.78 (Pin-6.7) in a translucent alumina ceramic tube; where the above 0.78 and 6.7 correspond respectively to total transmittance of a light path and thermal conduction loss per unit arc length Pc (W·cm-1).(b) The visible component of the radiant power and the luminous efficacy of the radiation depend on the three discharge parameters; they drop with an increase the bore and the vapour pressure, and rise with increase of the input power.
Analysis of the kinetic mechanism of recombinant human isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (Icmt) (2004)

These studies establish that catalysis by human Icmt proceeds through an ordered sequential mechanism and provide a kinetic framework for analysis of specific inhibitors of this key enzyme.
Click-through prediction for news queries (2009)

A growing trend in commercial search engines is the display of specialized content such as news, products, etc. interleaved with web search results. Ideally, this content should be displayed only when it is highly relevant to the search query, as it competes for space with "regular" results and advertisements. One measure of the relevance to the search query is the click-through rate the specialized content achieves when displayed; hence, if we can predict this click-through rate accurately, we can use this as the basis for selecting when to show specialized content. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the click-through rate for dedicated news search results. For queries for which news results have been displayed repeatedly before, the click-through rate can be tracked online; however, the key challenge for which previously unseen queries to display news results remains. In this paper we propose a supervised model that offers accurate prediction of news click-through rates and satisfies the requirement of adapting quickly to emerging news events.
Fused preforms for the fabrication of photonic crystal fibers (2004)

A novel approach for the fabrication of high-quality preforms for use in the fabrication of photonic crystal fibers is described. The preforms are fabricated in a multistep process that involves stacking a bundle with rods and (or) tubes of two dissimilar glasses, fusing the bundle, and then etching the fused bundle in acid to remove one of the two glasses. The procedure for fabrication of the fused preforms is similar to that used in the fabrication of microchannel plate glass and yields periodically spaced, uniform, round channels that extend through the length of the preform.
Ig V Gene Mutation Status and CD38 Expression As Novel Prognostic Indicators in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1999)

Cellular immunophenotypic studies were performed on a cohort of randomly selected IgM+ B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cases for which Ig VH and VL gene sequences were available. The cases were categorized based on V gene mutation status and CD38 expression and analyzed for treatment history and survival. The B-CLL cases could be divided into 2 groups. Those patients with unmutated V genes displayed higher percentages of CD38+ B-CLL cells (≥30%) than those with mutated V genes that had lower percentages of CD38+ cells (<30%). Patients in both the unmutated and the ≥30% CD38+ groups responded poorly to continuous multiregimen chemotherapy (including fludarabine) and had shorter survival. In contrast, the mutated and the <30% CD38+ groups required minimal or no chemotherapy and had prolonged survival. These observations were true also for those patients who stratified to the Rai intermediate risk category. In the mutated and the <30% CD38+ groups, males and females were virtually equally distributed, whereas in the unmutated and the ≥30% CD38+ groups, a marked male predominance was found. Thus, Ig V gene mutation status and the percentages of CD38+B-CLL cells appear to be accurate predictors of clinical outcome in B-CLL patients. These parameters, especially CD38 expression that can be analyzed conveniently in most clinical laboratories, should be valuable adjuncts to the present staging systems for predicting the clinical course in individual B-CLL cases. Future evaluations of new therapeutic strategies and drugs should take into account the different natural histories of patients categorized in these manners.
Novel nuclear phosphoprotein pp32 is highly expressed in intermediate- and high-grade prostate cancer (1998)

These results suggest that pp32 may be diagnostically useful and may contribute mechanistically to prostate tumor development. In comparison to other molecular alterations, increased pp32 expression is one of the most frequent events in primary prostate cancer.