gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paving the Way towards Highly Stable and Practical Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (2014)

Abstract Despite being considered a promising anode candidate for future battery technologies, the reactivity of Mg metal and its resultant passivation have challenged the development of electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries. In this Concept article, we shed light on critical past and current motivations, hurdles, and design strategies of electrolyte development for Mg batteries. Special focus is given to the most recent advancements; in particular, we elaborate on bottom‐up design strategies targeted to overcome the corrosion issue caused by current electrolyte systems. Salts containing the BH motif expanded the portfolio of Mg‐compatible electrolytes and are used as a platform to create a whole new promising family. Here, we explain the approach, challenges, and the path forward for ultimately creating Mg‐compatible, highly stable, and non‐corrosive Mg electrolytes.
Direct synthesis of single-crystalline silicon nanowires using molten gallium and silane plasma (2003)

We report the first ever demonstration of using silane directly in the gas phase and molten gallium in a microwave plasma for bulk nucleation and growth of single-crystal quality silicon nanowires. Multiple nanowires nucleated and grew from micron- to millimetre-sized gallium droplets. The resulting nanowires were tens to hundreds of nanometres in diameter and were tens to hundreds of microns long. Transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the nanowires to be single crystalline, devoid of structural defects, and grown along the direction. The as-synthesized silicon nanowires were sheathed with an ultrathin (<1 nm) non-uniform native oxide amorphous layer that could be directly used in the assembly of electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Pyrolytic CVD of poly(organosiloxane) thin films (1997)

Communication: Silicone films have a wide range of applications. All efforts to date to deposit them have concentrated on PECVD, but ths technique has the problem of introducing defects into the layers as a result of UV irradiation and ion bombardment. A pyrolytic process has te possibility of depositing layers with a lower density of dangling bonds. This paper presents rate and with a similar structure to that of poly(dimethylsiloxane).
Identification of a metalloprotease from Alzheimer's disease brain able to degrade the .beta.-amyloid precursor protein and generate amyloidogenic fragments (1994)

A 4.2-kDa polypeptide termed beta protein (A beta) accumulates in senile plaques and blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. It is widely believed that A beta is the product of the posttranslational processing of a larger precursor protein, the beta amyloid precursor protein (APP). The proteolytic processes involved in the generation of the A beta are virtually unknown. Here the purification and characterization of a protease from Alzheimer's disease brain capable of cleaving a 10 amino acid synthetic substrate flanking the N terminus of A beta at the Met-Asp bond are described. Most importantly, the purified protease degrades human recombinant APP and generates a 15-kDa amyloidogenic fragment. The protease requires the presence of a reducing agent for its activity. Its pH optimum is around physiological pH, while the enzyme is inactive at acidic pH (below pH 5.0) and basic pH (over pH 7.6). The enzyme is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, (hydroxymercuri)benzoate, 1.10-phenanthroline, EDTA, and EGTA. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride has no effect on its activity. This protease is devoid of caseinolytic or gelatinase activities, as well as activities against cathepsin B and cathepsin L substrates. Sequence analysis reveals high homology to the rat metallopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15, a protease involved in neuropeptide processing.
The Influence of Densely Organized Maltose Shells on the Biological Properties of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers: New Effects Dependent on Hydrogen Bonding (2008)

Maltose-modified poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers were synthesized by reductive amination of unmodified second- to fifth-generation PPI dendrimers in the presence of excess maltose. The dendrimers were characterized by using (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and IR spectroscopies; laser-induced liquid beam ionization/desorption mass spectrometry; dynamic light scattering analyses; and polyelectrolyte titration. Their scaffolds have enhanced molecular rigidity and their outer spheres, at which two maltose units are bonded to the former primary amino groups on the surface, have hydrogen-bond-forming properties. Furthermore, the structural features reveal the presence of a dense shell. Experiments involving encapsulation (1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid) and biological properties (hemolysis and interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) and prion peptide 185-208) were performed to compare the modified with the unmodified dendrimers. These experiments gave the following results: 1) The modified dendrimers entrapped a low-molecular-weight fluorescent dye by means of a dendritic box effect, in contrast to the interfacial uptake characteristic of the unmodified PPI dendrimers. 2) Both low- and high-generation dendrimers containing maltose units showed markedly reduced toxicity. 3) The desirable features of bio-interactions depended on the generation of the dendrimer; they were retained after maltose substitution, but were now mainly governed by nonspecific hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the maltose units. The modified dendrimers interacted with HSA as strongly as the parent compounds and appeared to have potential use as antiprion agents. These improvements will initiate the development of the next platform of glycodendrimers in which apparently contrary properties can be combined, and this will enable, for example, therapeutic products such as more efficient and less toxic antiamyloid agents to be synthesized.
Correlation Trust Authentication Model for Peer-to-Peer Networks (2013)

A requester node requesting a service in a peer to peer network transmits a request to a service provider node. The request may include a communication history of the requester node identifying other nodes with which the requester node has previously communicated. The service provider node authenticates the requester node based on the communication history. The service provider node may ask other nodes with which the requester node has communicated for evaluation of the requester node. The other nodes may calculate a trust metric of the requester node and provide this metric to the service provider node. The service provider node may use this trust metric in combination with a similarity calculation of the requester node and the service provider node to make a determination whether the requester node is to be authenticated. The service provider node may evaluate the requester node and store the evaluation in its communication history.
A 7-nm All-Digital Leakage-Current-Supply Circuit for Analog LDO Dropout Voltage Reduction (2019)

A 7-nm leakage-current-supply (LCS) circuit monitors leakage across process and temperature variations and controls PFET block-head switches (BHSs) to supply the slow-changing leakage current while a high-bandwidth analog low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator supplies the fast-changing dynamic current. By decreasing the LDO maximum current demand ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm{ MAX}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), LCS test-chip measurements demonstrate a 70 mV (44%) reduction in the minimum dropout voltage ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ DO,MIN}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), resulting in a wider voltage range of LDO usage for power savings of 14%–22%.
High-resolution retarding potential analyzer (1994)

A simple electrostatic retarding potential analyzer (RPA) configuration is described that gives a true measure of charged particle energy irrespective of the angle of incidence of the particles. The device has an inherently high energy resolution (ΔE/E&lt;0.01). The device eliminates errors in particle energy measurement usually associated with planar gridded RPAs. Electrostatic models and results from an experimental prototype are presented.
A Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Overexpressing the Glucose Transporter Gene Protects the Rat Dentate Gyrus from an Antimetabolite Toxin (1996)

The use of herpes simplex virus vectors offers an attractive means for the in vitro and in vivo transfer of novel genes into postmitotic neurons. Such an approach allows for the introduction of genes with the potential to protect neurons from necrotic insults. Toward that end, we have previously constructed a bicistronic herpes viral vector expressing the gene for the Glut-1 rat brain glucose transporter (GT), along with the Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene. We observed that this vector enhances glucose uptake both in primary hippocampal cultures and in the hippocampus itself. Moreover, we have found that this vector will protect a variety of types of cultured neurons from necrotic insults and protect hippocampal neurons in vivo from seizure-induced damage. In the present report, we further demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of this GT-expressing vector. 3-Acetylpyridine, an electron transport uncoupler which is preferentially toxic to the dentate gyrus, was microinfused into the dorsal hippocampus of rats. Infection of dentate neurons with GT vectors at the time of exposure to the toxin significantly decreased damage, whereas infection with a physiologically neutral control vector did not. Moreover, there was a window of opportunity for this intervention, as microinfusion of the GT-expressing vector up to 1 h, but not 4 h, after the insult was still neuroprotective.
A High-Power Microwave Zoom Antenna With Metal-Plate Lenses (2015)

Metal-plate lens antennas were designed and constructed for a high-power microwave zoom antenna concept comprising a pyramidal horn feed antenna and two metal-plate lenses. Good agreement was found between experiment and simulation. This antenna provides true zoom capability with continuously variable collimated beam output, approximately 10% bandwidth, and very high power-handling capability. It can be designed to operate at any frequency in the range of about 100 MHz to 10 GHz. It was found that nano-modified carbon fiber composites could be used instead of metal plates in these lenses; these composites would reduce the weight of the lens significantly and would help to mitigate possible spurious TM modes induced in the lens when it is in the near-field of the feed horn antenna.
High‐power Full Penetration Welding Behavior (2013)

Abstract Due to their different physical beam characteristics, there are fundamental differences in the process behavior of CO 2 lasers and solid‐state lasers during deep penetration welding. High‐quality full penetration welds can be achieved in thick sheet metal with both beam sources. However, the beam sources differ in regards to productivity, process stability, and seam quality depending on the material being welded.
Sheet Metal Bending: Generating Shared Setups (1999)

Contemporary process planners for sheet metal bending solve the process planning problem for individual parts. Quite often, many different parts can be produced on shared setups. However, plans generated by current process planning systems fail to exploit this commonality between setups and try to generate optimal setups for individual parts. In this paper, we present an algorithm for multi-part setup planning for sheet metal bending. This algorithm takes a set of parts and operation sequences for these parts, and tries to find a shared setup plan that can work for every part in the set. Setup changes constitute a major portion of the production time in batch production environments. Therefore, multi-part setup planning techniques can be used to significantly cut down the total number of setups and increase the overall through-put.
Synthesis of spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines] as potential central nervous system agents. 6. Synthesis, carbon-13 NMR, and biological evaluation of cis- and trans-4-amino-3'-arylspiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran] derivatives (1981)

4-(Dimethylamino)- and 4-(methylamino)-3'-arylspiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran] derivatives were prepared as analogues of previously reported 3-arylspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines]. Metalation of benzanilide with n-butyllithium, addition of 4-(dimethylamino)cyclohexanone, and acidification afforded a mixture of cis- and trans-4-(dimethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran]-3'-ones (1a,b), which were separated by fractional crystallization. Addition of aryllithium or aryl Grignard reagents to 1a,b and formic acid reduction afforded cis- and trans-4-(dimethylamino)-3'-arylspiro[cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofurans] 3a-f, which were converted to secondary amine analogues 5a-e. Tentative stereochemical assignments are based on chemical arguments and are supported by 13C NMR chemical shift data. Marked inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis is a property of most antidepressants, and significant antitetrabenazine activity is observed for several of these compounds. Optimal antitetrabenazine activity is associated with the cis-3'-phenyl series, and the cis secondary amine 5a is approximately twice as potent as the cis tertiary amine 3a. The various compounds are relatively weak with respect to potentiation of L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced seizures.
A resonator sensor for measurement of intraocular pressure - evaluation in an<i>in vitro</i>pig-eye model (2000)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is performed routinely at every eye clinic. High IOP, which can be a sign of glaucoma, can lead to degeneration of the retina and can cause blindness. In this study we developed a resonator sensor for IOP measurement based on an oscillator consisting of a piezoelectric element made of lead zirconate titanate, a flat contact piece of nylon and a feedback circuit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the new sensor's ability to determine lOP in an in vitro pig-eye model. Six eyes from four pigs were removed and fixed in agar. They were then pressurized by a saline column (10-35 cm H2O) through a cannula inserted into the vitreous chamber. The IOP was measured with the resonator sensor applied to cornea. An Alcon applanation pneumatonometer and a standard Viggo-Spectramed pressure sensor connected to the saline column were used as references. The IOP as measured with the resonator sensor correlated well with the pressure elicited by the saline column for individual eyes (r = 0.96-0.99, n = 60) and for all eyes (r = 0.92, n = 360). The correlation between the resonance sensor and the pneumatonometer was r = 0.92 (n = 360). The pneumatonometer also showed a good correlation with the saline column (r = 0.98, n = 360). We conclude that our in vitro pig-eye model made it possible to induce reproducible variation in IOP, and measurement of that pressure with the newly developed resonator sensor gave very promising results for development of a clinically applicable IOP tonometer with unique properties.
Tripeptidyl‐Peptidase II (TPP II) Inhibitory Activity of (S)‐2,3‐Dihydro‐2‐(1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indoles, a Systematic SAR Evaluation. Part 2. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 12,13-Cyclopropyl and 12,13-Cyclobutyl Epothilones (2001)

An unambiguous chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of the title compounds revealed their comparable potencies to natural epothilone A (1) against tumor cell lines, shedding further light on structure–activity relationships within the epothilone class. The picture shows a superposition of molecular models of 1 and 12,13-cyclopropyl epothilone A (2) (C atoms in magenta and white, respectively) in the tubulin binding site. A water molecule hydrogen-bonded to 1 (H atoms in magenta) is displaced upon binding of 2 (H atoms in white) which makes hydrophobic interactions with the side chain of Leu 273.
A comprehensive analysis of molecular profiles across over 10,000 tumor and germ-line exomes across more than 20 tumor types: Novel mechanisms and targets for clinical treatment. (2014)

11031 Background: Whereas the clinical world is familiar with genomic assays targeted to a limited number of mutations as a means to derive molecular insight to therapies, the power to deliver more comprehensive, non-assumptive, and stochastic molecular analysis is now available to guide treatment decision that is unbiased to traditional tissue-by-tissue assignment of therapeutics or a priori assumptions that a few hundred DNA mutations are drivers of the cancer. Methods: Over 10,000 tumor and germ line exomes and RNA-seq data representing over 5,000 patients across more than 20 tumor types were processed using Contrastor, a cancer genome differentiation algorithm designed to detect variants (germline and somatic), copy-number alterations (overall and allele-specific), and genomic rearrangements. RNA-seq data was used to confirm the presence of alterations in the transcript when available. Paradigm, an algorithm that integrates genomic and transcriptomics data and designed to identify key altered cell signaling pathways, was used to reveal shared pathways amongst independent tumor types. Results: Aggregating the top altered genes across tissues reveals very few genes are dominated with alterations present in single diseases. DNA repair and kinase signaling proteins appear to be the predominantly altered classes, with transcriptional proteins also highly altered (TP53, MLL, CREBBP). A surprising number of new targets for pharmaceutical discovery were uncovered, and particularly in patients with no clear therapeutic options based on the analysis of “actionable” genes. Despite patients having unique molecular profiles, Paradigm revealed shared pathways across tissue types driving tumor progression that are likely targets for therapeutic intervention. Conclusions: The vast landscape and ample number of mutations identified in this comprehensive analysis illustrates the complexity of cancer genomics and the need for transcriptomics driven pathway analysis to identify the focal points of therapeutic intervention.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Polysaccharide-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine: Safety and Immunogenicity in Humans (1986)

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (Ttxd) conjugate vaccine was produced. Polysaccharide was derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and covalently linked to Ttxd by using carbodiimide with adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer molecule. The conjugate possessed a relative molecular weight of greater than 350,000 and was nontoxic and nonpyrogenic. The vaccine bound serospecific monoclonal antibodies with an avidity similar to LPS and reacted with murine and human opsonic antibody. The vaccine was immunogenic in rabbits and mice and elicited IgG antibody to both LPS and Ttxd. The vaccine was safe when parenterally administered to humans and evoked only mild, transient reactions. Mean titers of IgG antibody to LPS rose 19-fold after immunization, with 82% of the volunteers responding with a fourfold or greater rise in titer. IgG antibody to LPS evoked after immunization was opsonic and highly effective at preventing fatal experimental burn wound sepsis due to P. aeruginosa.
Bundling: reducing the overhead of multiprocessor prefetchers (2004)

Summary form only given. Prefetching has proven to be a useful technique for reducing cache misses in multiprocessors at the cost of increased coherence traffic. This is especially trouble some for snoop-based systems, where the available coherence bandwidth often is the scalability bottleneck. The bundling technique reduces the overhead caused by prefetching in two ways: piggybacking prefetches with normal requests, and requiring only one device to perform the snoop lookup for each prefetch transaction. This can reduce both the address bandwidth and the number of snoop lookups compared with a nonprefetching system. We describe bundling implementations for two important transaction types: reads and upgrades. While bundling could reduce the overhead of most existing prefetch schemes, the evaluation of bundling performed has been limited to two of them: sequential prefetching and Dahlgren's adaptive sequential prefetching. Both schemes have their snoop bandwidth halved for all commercial and scientific benchmarks in the study. The combined effect of bundling applied to these prefetch schemes lowers the cache miss rate, the address bandwidth and the snoop bandwidth, compared with a system with no prefetching, for all applications. Bundling, will not reduce the data bandwidth introduced by a prefetch scheme. However, we argue that the data bandwidth is more easily scaled than the snoop bandwidth for snoop-based coherence systems.
Synthesizing surface ECGs from intracardiac electrograms using an adaptive filter method (2007)

This study investigates the feasibility of synthesizing surface ECG (SECG) from the intracardiac electrogram (IEGM) measured by the implanted device. Using an adaptive filter approach, we characterize the optimal filters relating the representative IEGM templates and the desired SECG templates. The optimal filters, which vary from sample to sample and are specific to event types, are then used to process the IEGM input to generate the pseudo-ECG output. The algorithm was preliminarily evaluated on experimental data collected from an anaesthetized pig and in selected data from the Ann Arbor Electrogram Libraries. In all tested cases, the morphological features of the pseudo-ECG are highly comparable to the SECG, and clinically relevant cardiac rhythm information was preserved. The IEGM derived pseudo-ECG may provide useful diagnostic information and facilitate implant device follow-up.
<i>rpoB</i> Gene Sequence-Based Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci of the Genera <i>Streptococcus</i> , <i>Enterococcus</i> , <i>Gemella</i> , <i>Abiotrophia</i> , and <i>Granulicatella</i> (2004)

We developed a new molecular tool based on rpoB gene (encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase) sequencing to identify streptococci. We first sequenced the complete rpoB gene for Streptococcus anginosus, S. equinus, and Abiotrophia defectiva. Sequences were aligned with these of S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, and S. pneumoniae available in GenBank. Using an in-house analysis program (SVARAP), we identified a 740-bp variable region surrounded by conserved, 20-bp zones and, by using these conserved zones as PCR primer targets, we amplified and sequenced this variable region in an additional 30 Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Gemella, Granulicatella, and Abiotrophia species. This region exhibited 71.2 to 99.3% interspecies homology. We therefore applied our identification system by PCR amplification and sequencing to a collection of 102 streptococci and 60 bacterial isolates belonging to other genera. Amplicons were obtained in streptococci and Bacillus cereus, and sequencing allowed us to make a correct identification of streptococci. Molecular signatures were determined for the discrimination of closely related species within the S. pneumoniae-S. oralis-S. mitis group and the S. agalactiae-S. difficile group. These signatures allowed us to design a S. pneumoniae-specific PCR and sequencing primer pair.