gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method and apparatus for phase and amplitude detection (1998)

A new class of techniques been developed which allow inexpensive application of SAW-type chemical sensor devices while retaining high sensitivity (ppm) to chemical detection. The new techniques do not require that the sensor be part of an oscillatory circuit, allowing large concentrations of, e.g., chemical vapors in air, to be accurately measured without compromising the capacity to measure trace concentrations. Such devices have numerous potential applications in environmental monitoring, from manufacturing environments to environmental restoration.
Application of the SNoW machine learning paradigm to a set of transportation imaging problems (2012)

Machine learning methods have been successfully applied to image object classification problems where there is clear distinction between classes and where a comprehensive set of training samples and ground truth are readily available. The transportation domain is an area where machine learning methods are particularly applicable, since the classification problems typically have well defined class boundaries and, due to high traffic volumes in most applications, massive roadway data is available. Though these classes tend to be well defined, the particular image noises and variations can be challenging. Another challenge is the extremely high accuracy typically required in most traffic applications. Incorrect assignment of fines or tolls due to imaging mistakes is not acceptable in most applications. For the front seat vehicle occupancy detection problem, classification amounts to determining whether one face (driver only) or two faces (driver + passenger) are detected in the front seat of a vehicle on a roadway. For automatic license plate recognition, the classification problem is a type of optical character recognition problem encompassing multiple class classification. The SNoW machine learning classifier using local SMQT features is shown to be successful in these two transportation imaging applications.
Influence of pr-M Cleavage on the Heterogeneity of Extracellular Dengue Virus Particles (2010)

During dengue virus replication, an incomplete cleavage of the envelope glycoprotein prM, generates a mixture of mature (prM-less) and prM-containing, immature extracellular particles. In this study, sequential immunoprecipitation and cryoelectron microscopy revealed a third type of extracellular particles, the partially mature particles, as the major prM-containing particles in a dengue serotype 2 virus. Changes in the proportion of viral particles in the pr-M junction mutants exhibiting altered levels of prM cleavage suggest that the partially mature particles may represent an intermediate subpopulation in the virus maturation pathway. These findings are consistent with a model suggesting the progressive mode of prM cleavage.
Development of affinity labeling agents based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: labeling of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug binding site of 3.alpha.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1991)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their effect by inhibiting the target enzyme cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin H2 synthase); however, little is known about the peptides comprising its NSAID binding site. Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases also bind NSAIDs, but their NSAID binding sites have not been well characterized. Using existing synthetic strategies, we have incorporated the bromoacetoxy affinity labeling moiety around the perimeter of two potent NSAIDs, indomethacin and mefenamate, a N-phenylanthranilate. The compounds synthesized were 1-(4-(bromoacetamido)benzyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid (1), 3-(2-(2-bromoacetoxy)ethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole (2), 4-(bromoacetamido)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)anthranilic acid (3), N-(3-(bromoacetamido)phenyl)-anthranilic acid (4), and N-(4-(bromoacetamido)phenyl)anthranilic acid (5). To access whether these compounds have general utility in labeling NSAID binding sites, the compounds were evaluated as affinity labeling agents for 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) from rat liver cytosol. This enzyme displays 9-, 11-, and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity, is inhibited potently by NSAIDs, and is homologous to bovine lung prostaglandin F synthase. Compounds 1-5 were shown to affinity label the NSAID binding site of 3 alpha-HSD. They inactivated 3 alpha-HSD through an E.I complex in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with t1/2 values ranging from seconds to hours. Ligands that compete for the active site of 3 alpha-HSD (NAD+ and indomethacin) afforded protection against inactivation, and the inactivators could demonstrate competitive kinetics against 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid substrates by forming an E.NAD+.I complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asynchronous Time Synchronization Protocol for WSNs (2019)

The simplicity of time synchronization is a necessary requirement for decentralized Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to operate well in harsh environments. The averaging consensus control protocol (ACCP), that uses single hop communication, performs well in such environments. However, it works based on synchronous time synchronization mode which is unrealistic since the nodes in WSNs in real environment cannot exchange/update information at exactly same time. This paper proposes asynchronous realization/protocol for WSNs based on averaging consensus control. It works on a sequential manner and therefor called Timed Sequential Asynchronous Update (TSAU) protocol. The proposed protocol is tested by simulations and by experiments, and shown to achieve a small time synchronization error. Finally, TSAU is shown to be reliable since it maintains good time synchronization even when connectivity is not available all the time or when the network is under attack by a malicious node.
Vapor Detection Using Resonating Microcantilevers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor Detection Using Resonating MicrocantileversT. Thundat, G. Y. Chen, R. J. Warmack, D. P. Allison, and E. A. WachterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3, 519–521Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00099a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00099a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views843Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precision Scaling of Neural Networks for Efficient Audio Processing (2017)

While deep neural networks have shown powerful performance in many audio applications, their large computation and memory demand has been a challenge for real-time processing. In this paper, we study the impact of scaling the precision of neural networks on the performance of two common audio processing tasks, namely, voice-activity detection and single-channel speech enhancement. We determine the optimal pair of weight/neuron bit precision by exploring its impact on both the performance and processing time. Through experiments conducted with real user data, we demonstrate that deep neural networks that use lower bit precision significantly reduce the processing time (up to 30x). However, their performance impact is low (< 3.14%) only in the case of classification tasks such as those present in voice activity detection.
Performance evaluation of SATCOM link in the presence of radio frequency interference (2016)

Digital Video Broadcasting — Satellite — Second Generation (DVB-S2) and Digital Video Broadcasting — Return Channel via Satellite (DVB-RCS) are two important commercial satellite communications (SATCOM) standards, for forward link and return link information transmission via satellites, correspondingly. Advanced channel coding schemes have been designed in DVB-S2 and DVB-RCS to mitigate the information transmission uncertainties and unintentional interferences effects. However, the intentional interferences have been shown to increase dramatically in SATCOM application scenarios. Therefore, performance evaluation of a SATCOM link in the presence of both unintentional radio frequency interference (RFI) and intentional RFI are critical. The evaluation could provide guidance for next-generation SATCOM upgrades. In this paper, we leverage the Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc. (IFT) communication data link simulator (ICDLS) to evaluate the performances of SATCOM links in the presence of various RFI conditions. The comprehensive RFIs are categorized into three types, which are wideband RFI, narrowband RFI, and radar RFI. Specifically, the carrier and phase synchronization errors caused by RFI are evaluated. Various waveforms including modulation and coding (MODCOD) schemes set in DVB-S2 and DVB-RCS standards are then evaluated considering the synchronization errors due to the existence of various RFI. Valuable observations are obtained based on ICDLS, which can be provided for next-generation SATCOM standards development.
Ellipsometric measurements by use of photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion (2001)

We present a novel interferometric technique for performing ellipsometric measurements. This technique relies on the use of a nonclassical optical source, namely, polarization-entangled twin photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion from a nonlinear crystal, in conjunction with a coincidence-detection scheme. Ellipsometric measurements acquired with this scheme are absolute; i.e., they do not require source and detector calibration.
On the Multidimensional Signal Constellation Design for Few-Mode-Fiber-Based High-Speed Optical Transmission (2012)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to determine the -dimensional optimum signal constellation design (DD-OSCD), in minimum mean-square error sense, for channel capacity achieving source distribution. We then describe a -dimensional coded modulation scheme, employing orbital angular momentum modes, two polarization states, and two in-phase/quadrature coordinates, suitable for use in future few-mode fiber (FMF) applications. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the proposed low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) quadrature-multiplexed (QM) DD-OSCD significantly outperforms conventional PDM-QAM (by 4.32 dB for 64-ary 3-D constellation at a BER of ). In addition, the DD-OSCD outperforms sphere packing constellations (by 0.33 dB for 8-ary 3-D constellation at a BER of ).
In-die ultrasonic and off-line air-coupled monitoring and characterization techniques for drug tablets (2012)

Mechanical integrity and properties of drug tablets may adversely affect their therapeutic and structural functions. An embedded ultrasound monitoring system for tablet mechanical property monitoring during compaction and a non-contact/non-destructive off-line air-coupled technique for determining the mechanical properties of coated drug tablets are presented. In the compaction monitoring system, the change of ToF and the reflection coefficient for the upper-punch surface interface as a function of compaction pressure has been studied. In the air-coupled measurement approach, air-coupled excitation and laser interferometric detection are utilized and their effectiveness in characterizing the mechanical properties of a drug tablet by examining its vibrational resonance frequencies is demonstrated. An iterative computational procedure based on the finite element method and Newton's method is developed to extract the mechanical properties of the coated tablet from a subset of its measured resonance frequencies. The mechanical properties characterized by this technique are compared to those obtained by a contact ultrasonic method.
Polymorphism in <i>BoLA-DRB3</i> exon 2 correlates with resistance to persistent lymphocytosis caused by bovine leukemia virus. (1993)

The relationship between polymorphism of the bovine lymphocyte Ag (BoLA)-DRB3 gene and resistance and susceptibility to persistent lymphocytosis (PL) caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was investigated. Exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene was cloned from animals with BoLA haplotypes previously found to be associated with resistance and susceptibility to PL. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of the amino acids Glu-Arg (ER) at putative Ag binding residues 70 and 71 only in BoLA haplotypes associated with resistance to PL. This correlation was confirmed in a case control study (n = 26) using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for the detection of ER at residues 70-71. These results provide a molecular basis for Ir gene control of resistance and susceptibility to PL and suggest that the cellular immune response is important in preventing the in vivo spread of BLV infection.
Characterization of epitope-tagged foot-and-mouth disease virus (2012)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals with an almost-worldwide distribution. Conventional FMD vaccines consisting of chemically inactivated viruses have aided in the eradication of FMD from Europe and remain the main tool for control in endemic countries. Although significant steps have been made to improve the quality of vaccines, such as improved methods of antigen concentration and purification, manufacturing processes are technically demanding and expensive. Consequently, there is large variation in the quality of vaccines distributed in FMD-endemic countries compared with those manufactured for emergency use in FMD-free countries. Here, we have used reverse genetics to introduce haemagglutinin (HA) and FLAG tags into the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid. HA- and FLAG-tagged FMDVs were infectious, with a plaque morphology similar to the non-tagged parental infectious copy virus and the field virus. The tagged viruses utilized integrin-mediated cell entry and retained the tag epitopes over serial passages. In addition, infectious HA- and FLAG-tagged FMDVs were readily purified from small-scale cultures using commercial antibodies. Tagged FMDV offers a feasible alternative to the current methods of vaccine concentration and purification, a potential to develop FMD vaccine conjugates and a unique tool for FMDV research.
Tunneling acoustic microscope (1989)

A new type of microscope, which is based upon both a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and a technique for detecting acoustic waves, is described. An acoustic wave generated in a STM’s sample, by vibration of its tip, is detected by a piezoelectric transducer coupled to the sample. The amplitude of the acoustic wave corresponds to the strength of the force interaction between the tip and the sample, and is sensitive to tip-sample spacing. We have been successful in keeping the spacing constant by using a new feedback loop that holds this amplitude constant without tunneling. This method enhances the features of the STM without reducing its functions and enables simultaneous use of both force interactions and tunneling current to investigate the properties of samples. Topographies taken by the new feedback system and tunneling current images are shown.
Molybdenum-Catalyzed Conversion of Diols and Biomass-Derived Polyols to Alkenes Using Isopropyl Alcohol as Reductant and Solvent (2015)

Chemical processes capable of reducing the high oxygen content of biomass-derived polyols are in demand in order to produce renewable substitutes for chemicals of fossil origin. Deoxydehydration (DODH) is an attractive reaction that in a single step transforms a vicinal diol into an alkene, but the reaction requires a homogeneous catalyst, a reductant, and a solvent, which are typically expensive, unsustainable, or inefficient. Herein, we present the use of molybdenum(VI)-based compounds, in particular the cheap and commercially available (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, as catalysts for the DODH of vicinal diols in isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH), which serves as both the solvent and reductant. The reaction proceeds at 240–250 °C in a pressurized autoclave, and the alkene yield from simple aliphatic diols can be as high as 77%. The major byproducts are carbonyl compounds—formed by dehydration of the diol—and the alcohols formed by transfer hydrogenation of the carbonyl compounds; the total yield of reduced species (i.e., alkene and alcohols) can be as high as 92%. The DODH of glycerol yields allyl alcohol, which undergoes subsequent Mo-catalyzed deoxygenation to propylene driven by the oxidation of iPrOH; a major byproduct is the homocoupled product 1,5-hexadiene. Further insight in this Mo-catalyzed deoxygenation is gained by an investigation of model compounds: The allylic alcohol 1-hexen-3-ol is deoxygenated to hexene isomers in a yield of 65%, while benzyl alcohol is deoxygenated to toluene in a yield of 93%. The DODH of erythritol yields 39% 2,5-dihydrofuran, while the DODH of the proposed intermediate 1,4-anhydroerythritol yields 75%. The mechanism of the DODH of 1,4-anhydroerythritol was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT), and the rate-determining step (24.1 kcal/mol) was found to be reduction of a molybdenum(VI) diolate to a molybdenum(IV) diolate.
Engineering Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticides with an indigenous site-specific recombination system (1996)

The cry genes of Bacillus thuringiensis encode a diverse group of crystal-forming proteins that exhibit insecticidal activity, particularly against the larvae of lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran insects. The efficacy of B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides may be improved through the genetic manipulation of these genes. A gene transfer system has been developed for the introduction and maintenance of cloned insecticidal cry genes on small plasmids in B. thuringiensis. This vector system combines a B. thuringiensis plasmid replicon and an indigenous site-specific recombination system that allows for the selective removal of ancillary or foreign DNA from the recombinant bacterium after introduction of the Cry-encoding plasmid. The site-specific recombination system is useful for engineering strains with unique combinations of cry genes, resulting in new active ingredients with improved insecticidal properties.
Mechanism of Plasma Hydrogenation of Polysilicon Thin Film Transistors (1991)

The rate‐limiting step for the plasma hydrogenation process is isolated and used to explain the effects of the hydrogenation process on the performance of thin‐film transistors (TFTs). In well‐hydrogenated TFTs device characteristics scale with device dimensions, but the performance of partially hydrogenated TFTs depends on device size and thickness, due to the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion through the quartz substrates into the channel polysilicon during hydrogenation. The mechanism was confirmed from results of experiments using quartz substrates coated with silicon nitride. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen through the quartz and its activation energy are estimated.
Hyperpolarized [6-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>]-Arginine as a Probe for <i>in Vivo</i> Arginase Activity (2019)

Alterations in arginase enzyme expression are linked with various diseases and have been shown to support disease progression, thus motivating the development of an imaging probe for this enzymatic target. <sup>13</sup>C-enriched arginine can be used as a hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance (MR) probe for arginase flux since the arginine carbon-6 resonance (157 ppm) is converted to urea (163 ppm) following arginase-catalyzed hydrolysis. However, scalar relaxation from adjacent <sup>14</sup>N-nuclei shortens cabon-6 T <sub>1</sub> and T <sub>2</sub> times, yielding poor spectral properties. To address these limitations, we report the synthesis of [6-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>]-arginine and demonstrate that <sup>15</sup>N-enrichment increases carbon-6 relaxation times, thereby improving signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. By overcoming these limitations with this novel isotope-labeling scheme, we were able to perform in vitro and in vivo arginase activity measurements with HP MR. We present HP [6-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>3</sub>]-arginine as a noninvasive arginase imaging agent for preclinical studies, with the potential for future clinical diagnostic use.
Recovering lithium chloride from a geothermal brine. Report of investigations/1984 (1984)

The Bureau of Mines has devised techniques to recover lithium from geothermal brines as the chloride. More than 99 pct of the lithium was precipitated from a brine containing 170 mg/L Li by adding a solution of A1C13 and increasing the pH to 7.5 with lime slurry. The Li-Al precipitate was dissolved in HCl and sparged with gaseous HC1 to recover the A1C13; this resulted in a solution containing LiCl and CaC12. The solution was evaporated at 100C to obtain a mixture of the chlorides from which 97 pct of the lithium was recovered and 90 pct of the calcium was rejected by leaching with tetrahydrofuran. The LiC1 recovered by evaporation of the tetrahydrofuran was purified by dissolution in water and treatment with oxalic acid. The final LiC1 solution contained 89 pct of the lithium originally present in the brine and had a purity of 99.9 pct.
Midinfrared silicon/germanium based photodetection (1998)

Highly p-doped silicon/silicon–Germanium (SiGe) quantum well structures have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on 〈100〉 Si substrates as detectors in the midinfrared regime (3–5 μm; 8–12 μm). These detectors—operating from about 3 to 20 μm—are based on heterointernal photoemission of photogenerated holes across the Si/SiGe valence band from a highly p-doped SiGe layer which is grown on an undoped (50 Ω cm), double-sided polished Si substrate. The thickness of the well, its doping level, and its Ge content determines the valence band offset and thus the operating wavelength of the detector. This layer sequence has been repeated up to five times and the structure has been terminated with a p-doped SiGe contact layer on top. The samples grown have been extensively analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Rutherford Backscattering, and absorption spectroscopy. Mesa detectors of varying diameters have been fabricated using a standard Si processing technique, and the photocurrent and dark current have been measured at 77 K. A broad quantum efficiency of ηext=0.3% has been obtained (at 4 μm and 77 K) with dark current densities as low as 10−8 A/cm2. The photoresponse spectrum shows a broad maximum between 3 and 5 μm; it is shown that the peak in this spectrum can be tuned over a fairly broad range by the choice of layer composition.