gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Automatic visible watermarking of images</title> (1998)

Visible image watermarking has become an important and widely used technique to identify ownership and protect copyrights to images. A visible image watermark immediately identifies the owner of an image, and if properly constructed, can deter subsequent unscrupulous use of the image. The insertion of a visible watermark should satisfy two conflicting conditions: the intensity of the watermark should be strong enough to be perceptible, yet it should be light enough to be unobtrusive and not mar the beauty of the original image. Typically such an adjustment is made manually, and human intervention is required to set the intensity of the watermark at the right level. This is fine for a few images, but is unsuitable for a large collection of images. Thus, it is desirable to have a technique to automatically adjust the intensity of the watermark based on some underlying property of each image. This will allow a large number of images to be automatically watermarked, this increasing the throughput of the watermarking stage. In this paper we show that the measurement of image texture can be successfully used to automate the adjustment of watermark intensity. A linear regression model is used to predict subjective assessments of correct watermark intensity based on image texture measurements.
Mosaicing with Generalized Strips (1998)

Video mosaicing is commonly used to increase the effective visual field of view. Existing mosaicing methods are based on image alignment, and are effective only in very limited cases. To overcome most restrictions, mosaicing is presented in this paper as a process of collecting strips. Strips which are perpendicular to the optical flow are cut out of the images, and are warped so that within each strip the optical flow will be parallel. These strips are then pasted into the mosaic. This approach enables to define mosaicing even for cases of forward motion and for zoom. View interpolation, generating dense intermediate views, is used to overcome parallax effects. 1 Introduction An introduction and a survey of mosaicing methods can be found in [6]. We will only give a brief introduction focusing on the aspects relevant to this work. Early mosaicing methods were used for aerial and satellite images. In both cases the objects in the scene are distant from the camera, and camera motion co...
Allosteric modulators for the A1 adenosine receptor (2004)

Allosteric modulators of endogenous adenosine represent an alternative to direct acting adenosine agonists and nucleoside uptake blockers. These compounds can selectively enhance the response to adenosine in only those organs or localised areas of a given organ in which production of adenosine is increased. The present article is an overview of the recent patent literature related to allosteric modulators of adenosine function on the A1 receptor. In particular, the compounds with improved potency as enhancers and reduced antagonist properties are mentioned. Among the reported compounds, two molecules appear to be of potential therapeutic utility. A synergistic combination of PD-81723 and cyclopentyladenosine, an allosteric enhancer and agonist, respectively, of the adenosine A1 receptor, appeared to be effective to induce angiogenesis. Moreover, (2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-(4-chloro-phenyl)-methanone appears to be active for the treatment of neuropathic pain without co-administration of adenosine.
Tunable pH-Sensitive Linker for Controlled Release (2016)

We have developed a novel pH-sensitive linker based on a phosphoramidate scaffold that can be tuned to release amine-containing drug molecules at various pH values. The pH-triggered phosphoramidate-based linkers are responsive to pH alone and do not require intracellular enzymatic action to initiate drug release. Key to the pH-triggered amine release from these linkers is a proximal acidic group (e.g., pyridinium or carboxylic acid) to promote the hydrolysis of the phosphoramidate P-N bond, presumably through an intramolecular general-acid type mechanism. Phosphoramidate hydrolysis is largely governed by the pKa of the leaving amine (e.g., primary, secondary, aniline). However, the proximity of the neighboring pyridine group attenuates the stability of the P-N bond to hydrolysis, thus allowing for control over the release of an amine from the phosphoramidate center. Based on the model scaffolds examined, phosphoramidate-based linkers could be selected for particular properties for controlled-release applications such as amine type, stability under physiological conditions, or release rates at various pH values such as intracellular endosomal conditions. The tunability of the phosphoramidate scaffold is expected to find broad applicability in various controlled drug-release applications such as antibody or small-molecule drug conjugates, drug-eluting stents, prodrug activation, as well as intracellular trafficking studies in which pH changes can trigger the release of turn-on dyes.
Single-crystal germanium grown on (1102) sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy (1989)

Crystalline germanium films have been successfully grown on the (11̄02) sapphire surface using molecular beam epitaxy. Growth at temperatures above 700 °C and after preannealing the sapphire substrates above 1100 °C resulted in germanium films with a (110) orientation. A 500 nm germanium film grown at 800 °C after preannealing the sapphire substrate at 1400 °C gave an x-ray rocking curve width that measured 317 arcsec at half maximum for the (220) reflection.
Development of an Immobilized Transaminase Capable of Operating in Organic Solvent (2012)

I′m stuck on you: The development of a highly active and stable immobilized transaminase capable of operating in organic solvent has been applied to the synthesis of various amines including Januvia (sitagliptin).
A power-frequency current-comparator-based direct-reading four-terminal resistance bridge (2002)

A current-comparator technique is applied to four terminal resistance measurements for obtaining a highly accurate direct-reading AC resistance bridge at power frequencies. Active circuits are used to establish equal voltage drops between the potential terminals of the two resistances being compared. The bridge features direct reading with six-digit resolution in either per-unit resistance or conductance. Nominal ratios of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 are available. A cascading technique using two two-stage current transformers provides extension of the ratio range to 10000000 with a maximum applied current to 10000 A. The ratio uncertainties of the current comparator at power frequencies, including the range extenders, are less than 5/spl times/10/sup -6/ in both magnitude and phase. The bridge is suitable for measuring resistances from 10 /spl mu//spl Omega/ to 10 k/spl Omega/.
Evaluation of Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Individual Lignin Carbon Fiber and Composites (2015)

Use of lignin as a precursor, instead of PAN, for manufacturing carbon fiber shows promise in developing renewable and low-cost carbon fiber composites. The lignin used in this research was a highly pure form based on the extraction process that was implemented. Suitable procedures were developed to melt spun lignin fibers which were subsequently stabilized and carbonized. The resulting carbon fibers were characterized to determine mechanical and interfacial properties of single carbon fibers with future scale-up to fiber reinforced epoxy composite testing. Using VARTM, initial lignin carbon fiber composites were manufactured by the authors. Mechanical testing of single carbon fibers was performed using a highly precise nanouniversal testing machine and the results were interpreted using a Weibull statistical distribution. The tensile testing on single fibers resulted in a Weibull shape parameter of 3.66 and scale parameter of 630 MPa respectively. The interfacial properties were determined using a Single Fiber Fragmentation Testing and a custom testing apparatus. Average interfacial shear strength values on the order of 31 MPa were obtained with an average size of 100 μm delamination zone. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the structural characteristics. The structure of the lignin carbon fiber developed to date had little to no crystalline regions with minimal alignment. Initial trials associated with the mechanical testing of these lignin-based carbon fiber composites prepared using VARTM were considered and are in development. Mechanical testing will integrate digital image correlation (DIC) for highly accurate strain mapping on specimen for future testing. This top-to-bottom approach will evaluate lignin at every step of the process in realizing a dream to make a lignin and bio-epoxy based renewable carbon fiber composite.
Development of Implantable Devices for Continuous Ambulatory Monitoring of Central Hemodynamic Values in Heart Failure Patients (2005)

Development of implantable technology to measure several hemodynamic variables in ambulatory CHF patients is feasible. External instrumentation needed to remotely acquire data from the implanted devices has been verified. The potential to eliminate the uncertainties associated with the use of acute, invasive hemodynamics and the ability to evaluate long-term ambulatory hemodynamic patterns is provided. These findings set the stage for determining the potential clinical value of these systems in impacting the care of chronic CHF patients.
A multi-vendor, multi-center study on reproducibility and comparability of fast strain-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

Myocardial strain is a convenient parameter to quantify left ventricular (LV) function. Fast strain-encoding (fSENC) enables the acquisition of cardiovascular magnetic resonance images for strain-measurement within a few heartbeats during free-breathing. It is necessary to analyze inter-vendor agreement of techniques to determine strain, such as fSENC, in order to compare existing studies and plan multi-center studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate inter-vendor agreement and test-retest reproducibility of fSENC for three major MRI-vendors. fSENC-images were acquired three times in the same group of 15 healthy volunteers using 3 Tesla scanners from three different vendors: at the German Heart Institute Berlin, the Charité University Medicine Berlin-Campus Buch and the Theresien-Hospital Mannheim. Volunteers were scanned using the same imaging protocol composed of two fSENC-acquisitions, a 15-min break and another two fSENC-acquisitions. LV global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS, GCS) were analyzed by a trained observer (Myostrain 5.0, Myocardial Solutions) and for nine volunteers repeatedly by another observer. Inter-vendor agreement was determined using Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest reproducibility and intra- and inter-observer reproducibility were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CoV). Inter-vendor agreement between all three sites was good for GLS and GCS, with biases of 0.01-1.88%. Test-retest reproducibility of scans before and after the break was high, shown by ICC- and CoV values of 0.63-0.97 and 3-9% for GLS and 0.69-0.82 and 4-7% for GCS, respectively. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility were excellent for both parameters (ICC of 0.77-0.99, CoV of 2-5%). This trial demonstrates good inter-vendor agreement and test-retest reproducibility of GLS and GCS measurements, acquired at three different scanners from three different vendors using fSENC. The results indicate that it is necessary to account for a possible bias (< 2%) when comparing strain measurements of different scanners. Technical differences between scanners, which impact inter-vendor agreement, should be further analyzed and minimized.DRKS Registration Number: 00013253.Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1207-5874.
Flavonols: Effects on Fertility and Fecundity (1995)

Flavonols are required for successful fertilization in maize ( Zea mays L.) and petunia ( Petunia × hybrida Vilm.). Pollen lacking flavonols is unable to produce a functional pollen tube, but this defect can be reversed and pollen function “rescued” by the timely application of kaempferol, a flavonol aglycone. Biochemical complementation of mature petunia pollen is achieved (i) at pollination by wild‐type stigma exudate, (ii) by exogenous application of kaempferol to the stigma or pollen at pollination, and (iii) by supplementing a pollen suspension in germination medium with flavonol aglycones. The last method forms the basis of a sensitive in vitro bioassay used to identify compounds that induce pollen germination. It also provides a model system for a focused and systematic investigation of flavonol‐stimulated pollen germination. In addition to increased understanding of basic flavonol biology in reproductive organs, an unexpected bonus was the finding that plant fecundity can be enhanced by manipulating the levels of flavonol aglycones (kaempferol) in stigmas.
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by a Plumbagin Derivative in Estrogen Positive MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells (2014)

Plumbagin [5-hydroxy- 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthaquinone] is a well-known plant derived anticancer lead compound. Several efforts have been made to synthesize its analogs and derivatives in order to increase its anticancer potential. In the present study, plumbagin and its five derivatives have been evaluated for their antiproliferative potential in one normal and four human cancer cell lines. Treatment with derivatives resulted in dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth of various cancer cell lines. Prescreening of compounds led us to focus our further investigations on acetyl plumbagin, which showed remarkably low toxicity towards normal BJ cells and HepG2 cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis induction were determined by APOPercentage staining, caspase-3/7 activation, reactive oxygen species production and cell cycle analysis. The modulation of apoptotic genes (p53, Mdm2, NF-kB, Bad, Bax, Bcl-2 and Casp-7) was also measured using real time PCR. The positive staining using APOPercentage dye, increased caspase-3/7 activity, increased ROS production and enhanced mRNA expression of proapoptotic genes suggested that acetyl plumbagin exhibits anticancer effects on MCF-7 cells through its apoptosis-inducing property. A key highlighting point of the study is low toxicity of acetyl plumbagin towards normal BJ cells and negligible hepatotoxicity (data based on HepG2 cell line). Overall results showed that acetyl plumbagin with reduced toxicity might have the potential to be a new lead molecule for testing against estrogen positive breast cancer.
FLAIR histogram segmentation for measurement of leukoaraiosis volume (2001)

The purposes of this study were to develop a method to measure brain and white matter hyperintensity (leukoaraiosis) volume that is based on the segmentation of the intensity histogram of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images and to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the method. Whole-head synthetic image phantoms with manually introduced leukoaraiosis lesions of varying severity were constructed. These synthetic image phantom sets incorporated image contrast and anatomic features that mimicked leukoaraiosis found in real life. One set of synthetic image phantoms was used to develop the segmentation algorithm (FLAIR-histoseg). A second set was used to measure its accuracy. Test retest reproducibility was assessed in 10 elderly volunteers who were imaged twice. The mean absolute error of the FLAIR-histoseg method was 6.6% for measurement of leukoaraiosis volume and 1.4% for brain volume. The mean test retest coefficient of variation was 1.4% for leukoaraiosis volume and 0.3% for brain volume. We conclude that the FLAIR-histoseg method is an accurate and reproducible method for measuring leukoaraiosis and whole-brain volume in elderly subjects.
A Novel Vaccine against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Protects 100% of Animals against Lethal Challenge in a Mouse Model (2014)

Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne disease, endemic in many countries in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Asia. Between 15-70% of reported cases are fatal. There is no approved vaccine available, and preclinical protection in vivo by an experimental vaccine has not been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the attenuated poxvirus vector, Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara, was used to develop a recombinant candidate vaccine expressing the CCHF virus glycoproteins. Cellular and humoral immunogenicity was confirmed in two mouse strains, including type I interferon receptor knockout mice, which are susceptible to CCHF disease. This vaccine protected all recipient animals from lethal disease in a challenge model adapted to represent infection via a tick bite. Histopathology and viral load analysis of protected animals confirmed that they had been exposed to challenge virus, even though they did not exhibit clinical signs. This is the first demonstration of efficacy of a CCHF vaccine.
High-contrast thermoreflectance thermography using a Nipkow disk confocal microscope (2008)

This paper demonstrates the use of a Nipkow disk confocal microscope for improved contrast and resolution of CCD TR thermography. The performance of wide field and confocal thermography is compared, with experimental results showing that confocal CCD TR offers more than a 2-fold improvement in image contrast due to suppression of out-of-focus light, for improved lateral discrimination of thermoreflectance signals at the sample surface. In additional, use of a Nipkow disk makes the system easily adaptable to CCD thermography, and uses an inexpensive light source.
Olivo-cerebellar cluster-based universal control system (2003)

The olivo-cerebellar network plays a key role in the organization of vertebrate motor control. The oscillatory properties of inferior olive (IO) neurons have been shown to provide timing signals for motor coordination in which spatio-temporal coherent oscillatory neuronal clusters control movement dynamics. Based on the neuronal connectivity and electrophysiology of the olivo-cerebellar network we have developed a general-purpose control approach, which we refer to as a universal control system (UCS), capable of dealing with a large number of actuator parameters in real time. In this UCS, the imposed goal and the resultant feedback from the actuators specify system properties. The goal is realized through implementing an architecture that can regulate a large number of parameters simultaneously by providing stimuli-modulated spatio-temporal cluster dynamics.
Cell-Selective Biological Activity of Rhodium Metalloinsertors Correlates with Subcellular Localization (2012)

Deficiencies in the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway are associated with several types of cancers, as well as resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics. Rhodium metalloinsertors have been found to bind DNA mismatches with high affinity and specificity in vitro, and also exhibit cell-selective cytotoxicity, targeting MMR-deficient cells over MMR-proficient cells. Ten distinct metalloinsertors with varying lipophilicities have been synthesized and their mismatch binding affinities and biological activities determined. Although DNA photocleavage experiments demonstrate that their binding affinities are quite similar, their cell-selective antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities vary significantly. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) experiments have uncovered a relationship between the subcellular distribution of these metalloinsertors and their biological activities. Specifically, we find that all of our metalloinsertors localize in the nucleus at sufficient concentrations for binding to DNA mismatches. However, the metalloinsertors with high rhodium localization in the mitochondria show toxicity that is not selective for MMR-deficient cells, whereas metalloinsertors with less mitochondrial rhodium show activity that is highly selective for MMR-deficient versus proficient cells. This work supports the notion that specific targeting of the metalloinsertors to nuclear DNA gives rise to their cell-selective cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities. The selectivity in cellular targeting depends upon binding to mismatches in genomic DNA.
Tyrosine Kinase Syk Non-Enzymatic Inhibitors and Potential Anti-Allergic Drug-Like Compounds Discovered by Virtual and In Vitro Screening (2011)

In the past decade, the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) has shown a high potential for the discovery of new treatments for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Pharmacological inhibitors of Syk catalytic site bearing therapeutic potential have been developed, with however limited specificity towards Syk. To address this topic, we opted for the design of drug-like compounds that could impede the interaction of Syk with its cellular partners while maintaining an active kinase protein. To achieve this challenging task, we used the powerful potential of intracellular antibodies for the modulation of cellular functions in vivo, combined to structure-based in silico screening. In our previous studies, we reported the anti-allergic properties of the intracellular antibody G4G11. With the aim of finding functional mimics of G4G11, we developed an Antibody Displacement Assay and we isolated the drug-like compound C-13, with promising in vivo anti-allergic activity. The likely binding cavity of this compound is located at the close vicinity of G4G11 epitope, far away from the catalytic site of Syk. Here we report the virtual screen of a collection of 500,000 molecules against this new cavity, which led to the isolation of 1000 compounds subsequently evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effects using the Antibody Displacement Assay. Eighty five compounds were selected and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the liberation of allergic mediators from mast cells. Among them, 10 compounds inhibited degranulation with IC₅₀ values ≤ 10 µM. The most bioactive compounds combine biological activity, significant inhibition of antibody binding and strong affinity for Syk. Moreover, these molecules show a good potential for oral bioavailability and are not kinase catalytic site inhibitors. These bioactive compounds could be used as starting points for the development of new classes of non-enzymatic inhibitors of Syk and for drug discovery endeavour in the field of inflammation related disorders.
Preferential path profiling (2007)

Path profiles provide a more accurate characterization of a program's dynamic behavior than basic block or edge profiles, but are relatively more expensive to collect. This has limited their use in practice despite demonstrations of their advantages over edge profiles for a wide variety of applications.We present a new algorithm called preferential path profiling (PPP), that reduces the overhead of path profiling. PPP leverages the observation that most consumers of path profiles are only interested in a subset of all program paths. PPP achieves low overhead by separating interesting paths from other paths and assigning a set of unique and compact numbers to these interesting paths. We draw a parallel between arithmetic coding and path numbering, and use this connection to prove an optimality result for the compactness of path numbering produced by PPP. This compact path numbering enables our PPP implementation to record path information in an array instead of a hash table. Our experimental results indicate that PPP reduces the runtime overhead of profiling paths exercised by the largest (ref) inputs of the SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks from 50% on average (maximum of 132%) to 15% on average (maximum of 26%) as compared to a state-of-the-art path profiler.