gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF IN UTERO NICOTINE-INDUCED LUNG INJURY BY MODULATING THE WINGLESS/INT AND PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR γ SIGNALING PATHWAYS. (2007)

Background In utero nicotine exposure disrupts the critical homeostatic pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling pathway, resulting in the transdifferentiation of alveolar intersitial fibroblasts (AIFs) to myofibroblasts (MYFs). AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation is characterized by down-regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway and up-regulation of the Wingless/Int (Wnt) signaling pathway. Although effects of in utero nicotine exposure on PPAR-γ signaling are known, there is no information regarding its effect on Wnt signaling. We hypothesize that in utero nicotine exposure up-regulates AIF Wnt signaling, and in utero nicotine-induced lung injury can be prevented by specific molecular targeting to down-regulate Wnt signaling and/or up-regulate PPAR-γ signaling. Objectives To determine (1) how in utero nicotine exposure affects AIF Wnt signaling and (2) if Wnt signaling antagonists and/or PPAR-γ agonists can prevent in utero nicotine-induced AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation. Methods WI38 cells, a human embryonic pulmonary fibroblast cell line, were cultured using standard methods. At near-confluence, the cells were treated twith nicotine (10−9 M) with or without a Wnt pathway antagonist (Wnt inhibitory factor [WIF-1]), or a PPAR-γ agonist (rosiglitazone [RGZ] 10−5M) for 24 hours to 7 days. Then the expression of various intermediates in Wnt and PPAR-γ signaling was determined at the mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Western blot) levels. Results Nicotine treatment up-regulated Wnt pathway signaling intermediates such as LEF-1, β-catenin, its downstream target α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and down-regulated PPAR-γ pathway signaling intermediates such as PPAR-γ and adipocyte differentiation-related protein. Concomitant treatment with WIF-1 or RGZ completely inhibited the nicotine-induced up-regulation of the expression of LEF-1 and its downstream target α-SMA. Conclusions By either down-regulating AIF Wnt signaling and/or by up- regulating AIF PPAR-γ signaling, prohomeostatic AIFs can be maintained, preventing MYF transdifferentiation, thereby potentially preventing in utero nicotine-induced lung injury. Supported by grants from TRDRP ((14RT-0073 and 15IT-0250), Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International, and NIH (HL55268 and HL075405).
Diglycolamic Acid–Grafted Film-Type Adsorbent for Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements (2016)

Previously, we investigated bead-type silica gel adsorbents bearing immobilized diglycolamic acid ligands for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs). Although the ligand-bearing silica gel selectively adsorbs REEs, the ligand loading is limited by the specific surface area of the silica gel. To increase the ligand loading, we have prepared a film-type adsorbent by immobilizing diglycolamic acid ligands on a nonwoven poly(vinyl alcohol) fabric by means of grafting polymerization. Compared with the silica gel adsorbent, the film-type adsorbent showed similar selectivity for a heavy REE, but the adsorption capacity of the film-type adsorbent was 3–4 times that of the silica gel adsorbent because the ligand loading on the former was 3.81 times that on the latter.
L3-Net: Towards Learning Based LiDAR Localization for Autonomous Driving (2019)

We present L3-Net - a novel learning-based LiDAR localization system that achieves centimeter-level localization accuracy, comparable to prior state-of-the-art systems with hand-crafted pipelines. Rather than relying on these hand-crafted modules, we innovatively implement the use of various deep neural network structures to establish a learning-based approach. L3-Net learns local descriptors specifically optimized for matching in different real-world driving scenarios. 3D convolutions over a cost volume built in the solution space significantly boosts the localization accuracy. RNNs are demonstrated to be effective in modeling the vehicle's dynamics, yielding better temporal smoothness and accuracy. We comprehensively validate the effectiveness of our approach using freshly collected datasets. Multiple trials of repetitive data collection over the same road and areas make our dataset ideal for testing localization systems. The SunnyvaleBigLoop sequences, with a year's time interval between the collected mapping and testing data, made it quite challenging, but the low localization error of our method in these datasets demonstrates its maturity for real industrial implementation.
Dual-Surfactant Effect to Enhance<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type Doping in III-V Semiconductor Thin Films (2008)

Surfactant effects are usually achieved by the addition of a single surface element. We demonstrate by first-principles calculations a dual-surfactant effect of Sb and H on enhancing Zn doping in organometallic vapor phase epitaxially grown GaP thin films. The combined effects of Sb and H lower significantly the doping energy of Zn in GaP, while neither Sb nor H can function alone as an effective surfactant. Our finding suggests a general strategy for enhancing p-type doping of III-V semiconductors by using a metallic-element with H as dual surfactants.
Preparation of Novel Electrode Materials Based on Lithium Niobium Sulfides (2014)

Novel lithium niobium sulfide electrode materials, xLi2S·NbS2·(2−x)S (x = 1/2–2), were mechanochemically synthesized using Li2S, NbS2, and S8 as starting materials, and their electrochemical performance was investigated. The electrodes with x = 1/2 were in amorphous phase, while those with x = 1 and 3/2 are assigned as cubic phase. Cells prepared with these electrodes charge and discharge reversibly, with a capacity of ca. 400 mAh g−1. Within the wide operational voltage range 1.0–3.0 V, Li3NbS4 charges and discharges with ca. 4.5-electron processes between Li0.4NbS4 and Li4.9NbS4. Li3NbS4 discharges even at a high current density of 2000 mA g−1 at 30°C.
Development of a Heteroduplex Mobility Assay To Identify Field Isolates of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Nucleotide Sequences Closely Related to Those of Modified Live-Attenuated Vaccines (2003)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome has been devastating the swine industry since the late 1980s. The disease has been controlled, to some extent, through the use of modified live-attenuated (MLV) vaccines once available. However, such a practice periodically resulted in isolation or detection of vaccine-like viruses from pigs as determined by a partial genomic sequencing. In this study, we developed a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for quickly identifying porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates with significant nucleotide sequence identities (>/=98%) with the modified live-attenuated vaccines. The major envelope gene (ORF5) of 51 PRRSV field isolates recovered before and after the introduction of the vaccines was amplified, denatured, and reannealed with the HMA reference vaccine strains Ingelvac PRRS MLV and Ingelvac PRRS ATP, respectively. Nine of the 51 field isolates and the VR2332 parent virus of Ingelvac PRRS MLV, which were all highly related to Ingelvac PRRS MLV with </=2% nucleotide sequence divergence as determined by sequence analysis, were all identified by the HMA to form homoduplexes with the reference Ingelvac PRRS MLV. No homoduplex-forming field isolate was identified when Ingelvac PRRS ATP was used as the HMA reference except for its parent virus JA142. Other field isolates with more than 2% nucleotide sequence divergence with the respective reference vaccine strain resulted in the formation of heteroduplexes with reduced mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The HMA results also correlated well with the results of phylogenetic analyses. The data indicated that the HMA developed in the study may be a rapid and efficient method for large-scale screening of potential vaccine-like PRRSV field isolates for further genetic characterization.
Are Glucose Readings Sufficient to Adjust Insulin Dosage? (2010)

glucose readings are sufficient to effectively adjust insulin dosage provided that adjustments are made every 1-4 weeks. Therefore, dedicated software can help adjusting insulin dosage between clinic visits.
The Design and Synthesis of Noncovalent Factor Xa Inhibitors (2001)

Thrombosis is a major cause of mortality in the industrialized world. Therefore, the control of blood coagulation has become a major target for new therapeutic agents. One attractive approach is the inhibition of factor Xa (fXa), the enzyme directly responsible for thrombin generation. In this review we describe our approaches in the design and synthesis of small molecule, noncovalent fXa inhibitors. Rational drug design and selective screening of our GPIIb/IIIa library afforded several lead compounds for our fXa program. Following-up the leads in the isoxazoline series led to potent fXa inhibitors such as SF303 and SK509 with only one basic group. The isoxazole series was then designed to remove the chiral center in the isoxazoline ring, and this effort led to SA862 which has subnanomolar fXa affinity. Optimizing the core structure generated a series of novel five-membered ring heterocycles substituted with benzamidine, which are potent fXa inhibitors. Further optimization in the pyrazole series resulted in the discovery of fXa inhibitors such as SN429 with picomolar fXa affinity. Efforts to improve the oral bioavailability by lowering the basicity of these compounds, while simultaneously maintaining potency against fXa, culminated in the discovery of DPC 423. DPC 423 was selected for clinical evaluation as a potent and orally bioavailable fXa inhibitor.
A Comparative Study Of Different Modes Of Perturbation For Video Watermarking Based On Motion Vectors (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
A review of the most common viruses affecting Psittaciformes1 (2000)

Four of the most common viral infections affecting psittacine birds have been studied in detail: (1) avian polyomavirus, (2) proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), (3) Pacheco's disease and (4) psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD). The Psittacine Disease Research Group, University of Georgia, has been actively involved in this research. Proventricular dilatation disease has been reported in more than 50 psittacine species and in species in other families, while PBFD affects over 40 psittacine species. The acute and chronic clinical characteristics of the diseases, pathological features, diagnosis, and transmission prevention and control, including vaccination, are described. The vaccine for avian polyomavirus is safe and effective in captive birds, and, when used in high‐risk situations, vaccination against Pacheco's disease (a psittacine herpesvirus) can prevent high mortality. A safe vaccine for PBFD is being evaluated. Specific tests for viral nucleic acid (DNA probe tests) for avian polyomavirus and PBFD virus, and anti‐virus antibody assays for avian polyomavirus and Pacheco's disease have been developed which will facilitate the diagnosis and monitoring of disease. The benefits and limitations of screening psittacines for disease are also discussed.
Carborane-Based Metal–Organic Framework with High Methane and Hydrogen Storage Capacities (2013)

A Cu–carborane-based metal–organic framework (MOF), NU-135, which contains a quasi-spherical para-carborane moiety, has been synthesized and characterized. NU-135 exhibits a pore volume of 1.02 cm3/g and a gravimetric BET surface area of ca. 2600 m2/g, and thus represents the first highly porous carborane-based MOF. As a consequence of the unique geometry of the carborane unit, NU-135 has a very high volumetric BET surface area of ca. 1900 m2/cm3. CH4, CO2, and H2 adsorption isotherms were measured over a broad range of pressures and temperatures and are in good agreement with computational predictions. The methane storage capacity of NU-135 at 35 bar and 298 K is ca. 187 vSTP/v. At 298 K, the pressure required to achieve a methane storage density comparable to that of a compressed natural gas (CNG) tank pressurized to 212 bar, which is a typical storage pressure, is only 65 bar. The methane working capacity (5–65 bar) is 170 vSTP/v. The volumetric hydrogen storage capacity at 55 bar and 77 K is 49 g/L. These properties are comparable to those of current record holders in the area of methane and hydrogen storage. This initial example lays the groundwork for carborane-based materials with high surface areas.
Computer Generated Holographic Optics. (1980)

Abstract : The goal of this research was to theoretically and experimentally investigate the use of computer-generated holograms in the design and fabrication of holographic optical elements (holographic lenses or diffraction optics). Conventional design of holographic lenses had previously been limited to spherical recording beams, and more recently to recording beams formed by conventional optical systems. The utilization of computer-generated holograms in the recording beams allows a completely arbitrary specification of the recording wavefronts in the hologram plane, making possible a hologram lens of higher performance (lower aberrations) than previously possible. We refer to an interferometrically recorded hologram lens having a computer-generated hologram in a recording beam as a computer-originated holographic lens. We studied the basic limitations of computer-generated holograms, and integrated the analysis of computer-generated holograms and computer-originated holographic optical elements into ERIM's holographic optical analysis and design (HOAD) ray-tracing computer program. In addition, we designed, fabricated, and tested an optical system using a computer-generated hologram and a computer-originated holographic lens. (Author)
A bistable device of a nematic LC showing the sign reversal of the dielectric anisotropy (2004)

A bistability of nematic liquid crystals was devised on the pattern of checkerboard-like local rubbing; the alignment of the liquid crystal on neighboring domains was orthogonal each other. 4-fold symmetry of the pattern and liquid crystal frustration forced bulk director to orient along one of two average directions of the local rubbings. A liquid crystal orientation was switched to the other by in-plane electric field. To realize bi-directional switching it was needed to apply electric field along two different directions using two pairs of electrodes. In this experiment we used a liquid crystal, which changes the sign of dielectric anisotropy to frequency of electric field. It has a merit of reducing number of electrodes into two, meaning simple electrodes structure. We successfully switched between two orientations with changing frequency of applying field.
A wearable real-time vocal biofeedback device (2013)

A body-worn, real-time speech and voice biofeedback device is described. Data from an acoustic microphone and piezoelectric sensor worn comfortably in a neckband are streamed to a digital signal processor and a small, mobile computer, altogether able to fit into a pocket for extended use. User laryngeal and spectral characteristics are determined from the combination of sensor inputs. Selected vocal characteristics (e.g., vocal intensity, shimmer, jitter, spectral output, and fundamental frequency) are analyzed in real-time to provide immediate user feedback via tactile or visual response to indicate speech production pathologies including reduced loudness, pitch instability, or other features. With minimal training, this feedback can be immediately acted upon by the wearer to adjust speech and voice production characteristics accordingly. In addition, all data from input sensors are collected and stored in the computer's memory for offline analyses of speech and voice production characteristics. Extended-use, large-sample data collection addresses issues in the extant literature including ecological validity, reactivity (e.g., the Hawthorne effect), small sample sizes, and unaccounted for individual differences. This work offers a realistic description of voice use and assesses a wide range of functional and organic clinical conditions that are known to affect speech production (e.g., Parkinson's disease).
Advances in imaging fission neutrons with a neutron scatter camera (2007)

Special nuclear material (SNM) emits high energy radiation during active and passive interrogation. This radiation can be imaged thus allowing visualization of shielded and/or smuggled SNM. Lower backgrounds and higher penetration through hi-Z materials make neutrons the preferred detectable in many scenarios. We have developed a neutron scatter camera that directly images fast fission neutrons from SNM sources while simultaneously measuring energy spectra. We have made many significant advances in the design and implementation of such instruments leading to an over 30 fold improvement in sensitivity. We will present results from our detector including analysis techniques that we have developed for neutron imaging and particle discrimination techniques. We will discuss camera calibration and performance under realistic threat detection scenarios, and future prospects in this field.
HANS &#x2013; A New Color Separation and Halftoning Paradigm (2010)

Traditionally the choices made by color separation are expressed as amounts of each of the available colorants to use for each of the reproducible colors. Halftoning then deals with the spatial distribution of colorants, which also results in the nature of their overprinting. However, having a colorant space as the way for color separation to communicate with halftoning gives access only to some of the possible printed patterns that a given printing system is capable of and therefore only to a reduced range of print attributes. In the present paper a method – HANS – is proposed to gain access to all possible, printable patterns by specifying relative area coverages of a printing system's Neugebauer primaries instead of only colorant amounts. This results in delivering prints with more optimal print attributes than were possible using existing methods, allowing for up to 34% less ink use while delivering a 10% greater color gamut on a test printing system using CMYKcm inks.
Global training of document processing systems using graph transformer networks (2002)

We propose a new machine learning paradigm called Graph Transformer Networks that extends the applicability of gradient-based learning algorithms to systems composed of modules that take graphs as inputs and produce graphs as output. Training is performed by computing gradients of a global objective function with respect to all the parameters in the system using a kind of back-propagation procedure. A complete check reading system based on these concepts is described. The system uses convolutional neural network character recognizers, combined with global training techniques to provide record accuracy on business and personal checks. It is presently deployed commercially and reads million of checks per month.
Enhancing the Design and Delivery of Assessment Systems: A Four-Process Architecture (2002)

Persistent elements and relationships underlie the design and delivery of educational assessments, despite their widely varying purposes, contexts, and data types. One starting point for analyzing these relationships is the assessment as experienced by the examinee: 'What kinds of questions are on the test?,' 'Can I do them in any order?,' 'Which ones did I get wrong?,' and 'What's my score?' These questions, asked by people of all ages and backgrounds, reveal an awareness that an assessment generally entails the selection and presentation of tasks, the scoring of responses, and the accumulation of these response evaluations into some kind of summary score. A four-process architecture is presented for the delivery of assessments: Activity Selection, Presentation, Response Processing, and Summary Scoring. The roles and the interactions among these processes, and how they arise from an assessment design model, are discussed. The ideas are illustrated with hypothetical examples. The complementary modular structures of the delivery processes and the design framework are seen to encourage coherence among assessment purpose, design, and delivery, as well as to promote efficiency through the reuse of design objects and delivery processes.
Magnetic properties of amorphous magnetic alloys (1975)

Low-field magnetic properties of amorphous ferromagnetic alloys have been previously reported mainly at d.c. The alloys in ribbon form generally show square hysteresis loops, with coercive fields less than 0.1 Oe, and with saturation magnetization up to 17000 G. Maximum magnetization is obtained in low fields only when the ribbons are under tensile stress. This paper reports further measurements on amorphous magnetic alloys, including differential scanning calorimeter data on the crystallization of three compositions and a variety of a.c. measurements on toroidal samples at frequencies up to 2000 Hz. The coercive fields and magnetic losses under a.c. excitation are disappointingly high. This is attributed to an increase in coercive field when straight ribbon is wound into toroidal form, and to a further increase in H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> with frequency due to an apparent decrease in the number of domain walls participating in the magnetization reversal. Neither effect is necessarily inherent in amorphous magnetic materials.
Discovering neutralizing antibodies targeting the stem epitope of H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin with synthetic phage-displayed antibody libraries (2015)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies developed from the IGHV1-69 germline gene are known to bind to the stem region of hemagglutinin in diverse influenza viruses but the sequence determinants for the antigen recognition, including neutralization potency and binding affinity, are not clearly understood. Such understanding could inform designs of synthetic antibody libraries targeting the stem epitope on hemagglutinin, leading to artificially designed antibodies that are functionally advantageous over antibodies from natural antibody repertoires. In this work, the sequence space of the complementarity determining regions of a broadly neutralizing antibody (F10) targeting the stem epitope on the hemagglutinin of a strain of H1N1 influenza virus was systematically explored; the elucidated antibody-hemagglutinin recognition principles were used to design a phage-displayed antibody library, which was then used to discover neutralizing antibodies against another strain of H1N1 virus. More than 1000 functional antibody candidates were selected from the antibody library and were shown to neutralize the corresponding strain of influenza virus with up to 7 folds higher potency comparing with the parent F10 antibody. The antibody library could be used to discover functionally effective antibodies against other H1N1 influenza viruses, supporting the notion that target-specific antibody libraries can be designed and constructed with systematic sequence-function information.