gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boron penetration and thermal instability of p+ polycrystalline-Si/ZrO2/SiO2/n-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor structures (2002)

We report boron penetration and thermal instability of p+ polycrystalline-Si (poly-Si)/ZrO2 (100 Å)/SiO2 (∼7 Å)/n-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. The flatband voltage shift (ΔVFB) of the p+ poly-Si/ZrO2/SiO2/n-Si MOS capacitor as determined by capacitance–voltage measurement was ∼0.18 V, corresponding to a p-type dopant level of 1.1×1012 B ions/cm2 as the activation temperature increased from 800 to 850 °C. Additional ΔVFB of ∼0.24 V was measured after the anneal from 850 to 900 °C. Noticeable boron penetration into the n-type Si channel as observed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy also confirmed the VFB instability with activation annealing above 850 °C. An abnormal decrease of accumulation capacitance was also found after anneal at 900 °C due to an excessive leakage current which was attributed to the formation of ZrSix nodules at the poly-Si/ZrO2 interface. We observed 4–5 orders of magnitude lower leakage current from the small-size capacitors (&lt;50×50 μm2) up to the activation anneal of 850 °C for 30 min, while the formation of interfacial ZrSix nodules at 900 °C cannot be avoidable even at 0.6-μm-wide gate lines.
<i>NAI1</i> Gene Encodes a Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix–Type Putative Transcription Factor That Regulates the Formation of an Endoplasmic Reticulum–Derived Structure, the ER Body (2004)

Plant cells develop various types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived structures with specific functions. ER body, an ER-derived compartment in Arabidopsis thaliana, is a spindle-shaped structure. The NAI1 gene regulates the development of ER bodies because mutation of NAI1 abolishes the formation of ER bodies. To better understand the role of NAI1, we cloned the NAI1 gene using a positional cloning strategy. The nai1-1 mutant had a single nucleotide change at an intron acceptor site of At2g22770 (NAI1 gene). Because of this mutation, aberrant splicing of NAI1 mRNA occurs in the nai1-1 mutant. NAI1 encodes a transcription factor that has a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. Transient expression of NAI1 induced ER bodies in the nai1-1 mutant. Two-dimensional electrophoresis and RT-PCR analyses showed that a putative lectin was depressed at both the mRNA and protein levels in nai1 mutants, as was a beta-glucosidase (PYK10). Our results provide direct evidence that a bHLH protein plays a role in the formation of ER bodies.
<title>LLNL Center for Microtechnology: capabilities, customers, case study -- HANAA (Handheld Nucleic Acid Analyzer)</title> (2003)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an enzyme-based chemical reaction that manufactures copies of one or more identifying regions of double-stranded DNA sequences (target sequences). These copies of target DNA are known as "amplicons". By creating millions of these copies of the identifying sequences (when they are present!), PCR allows researchers to detect by them, and hence the presence of the relevant organism, with techniques such as electrophoresis, flow cytometry, or spectrometry. Although there are numerous commercial PCR instruments that are designed for bench-top use in a laboratory, the challenges of building a battery-powered instrument that could perform such assays in the field.
An Efficient and Compact Wireless Solution for Blood Sterilization Apparatus (2018)

Advancements in the medical industry are some of the key contributions of the scientific community. One related direction of research is the X-ray sterilization of blood that is stored for future use. Currently, the tags used to indicate the irradiation level of the blood rely on visual indicators rather than an automated method. As a result, the irradiation levels of the blood cannot be ascertained. This paper proposes a new wireless dosimeter tag to measure the radiation levels with sufficient precision so as to avoid any material wastage and costs. The tag relies on an RF tag which consists of a CMOS transmitter, energy harvesting component and an off-chip inkjet printed antenna. In this paper, using 0.13 μm CMOS technology a floating gate MOSFET dosimeter design and an off-chip inkjet printed antenna are presented. These two components are the basic building blocks of the complete wireless dosimeter system. The floating gate MOSFET design is studied for its pre and post-radiation performance. The measured results show how the difference in the device current can be used for the radiation dose measurements. For the antenna, a printed antenna with suitable shielding is employed to enhance its radiation performance in the dissipative blood environment. The measured radiation pattern shows adequate gain and back-lobe radiation characteristics, thus making the surroundings invisible to the antenna and best suited for the intended application.
Development, Physical-Chemical Stability, and Release Studies of Four Alcohol-Free Spironolactone Suspensions for Use in Pediatrics (2014)

Dissolution studies have become of great significance because, in most cases, drug dissolution is the rate-limiting step in the absorption process. As occurs with solid oral dosage forms, heterogeneous dispersed systems (suspensions) could also have some problems with their in vitro dissolution.
New approaches toward anti-Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick vaccine (2009)

The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus) is the major ectoparasite affecting livestock in America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Conventional tick control is based on the use of acaricides but immunization of bovines with tick gut proteins induces only a partial protective immune response. Based on this information, distinct research groups have explored the possibility of protecting the animals by inducing an immune response against other tick proteins. However, the antigens so far described do not induce the necessary protection for suppressing the use of acaricides. Currently, several groups are engaged in identifying new tick proteins to be used as targets for the development of new vaccines. This approach focuses on the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens already tested by incorporating new adjuvants or formulations and by searching for new antigens. This paper reviews the work done by Brazilian researchers to develop a vaccine against this tick.
A new distinct group of 2 S albumins from rapeseed (1991)

Two napins (nIa and nIb), isolated from Brassica napus (rapeseed) seeds, have been sequenced. The two proteins show the common structural pattern of the 2 S albumins, since they are composed of two disulfide-linked chains of different size, yet they exhibit an atypical low molecular weight (12.5 kDa vs. 14.5 kDa of the major napins). High sequence similarity has been found between these 2 proteins, but only 54% similarity can be estimated from their comparison with the 14.5 kDa major napins. Thus, nIa and nIb are considered representatives of a new distinct group of rapeseed napins since all the previously known napins exhibit 95% sequence similarity. Unexpectedly, the similarity increases when compared with the 2 S proteins from other species.
ZnO nanoparticle surface acoustic wave UV sensor (2010)

The response to ultraviolet illumination of ZnO nanoparticles deposited on LiNbO3 substrate was investigated using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the wide range of UV wavelengths from 280 to 375 nm. Deposition of ZnO nanoparticles caused a SAW transmission loss of 27 dB at 64 MHz due to the acoustoelectric attenuation. Acoustoelectric change in the SAW velocity by 3.78×10−4 under 375 nm illumination led to downshift in transmitted SAW phase by 5.5° at UV power density of 691 μW/cm2. The spectral measurements show the peak response at 345 nm with corresponding sensitivity on the order of 2.8 ppm/(μW/cm2).
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Acid-sensing Ion Channel (ASIC) 1b (2001)

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are activated by extracellular protons and are involved in neurotransmission in the central nervous system, in pain perception, as well as in mechanotransduction. Six different ASIC subunits have been cloned to date, which are encoded by four genes (ASIC1-ASIC4). Proton-gated currents have been described in isolated neurons from sensory ganglia as well as from central nervous system. However, it is largely unclear which of the cloned ASIC subunits underlie these native proton-gated currents. Recently, a splice variant, ASIC-beta, has been described for ASIC1a. In this variant about one-third of the protein is exchanged at the N terminus. Here we show that ASIC-beta has a longer N terminus than previously reported, extending the sequence divergence between ASIC1a and this new variant (ASIC1b). We investigated in detail kinetic and selectivity properties of ASIC1b in comparison to ASIC1a. Kinetics is similar for ASIC1b and ASIC1a. Ca(2+) permeability of ASIC1a is low, whereas ASIC1b is impermeable to Ca(2+). Currents through ASIC1a resemble currents, which have been described in sensory and central neurons, whereas the significance of ASIC1b remains to be established. Moreover, we show that a pre-transmembrane 1 domain controls the permeability to divalent cations in ASIC1, contributing to our understanding of the pore structure of these channels.
A 7.8Gb/s/pin 1.96pJ/b compact single-ended TRX and CDR with phase-difference modulation for highly reflective memory interfaces (2018)

Compact transceivers (TRXs) for highly reflective (HR) interconnects are strongly demanded by the memory industry. Although discontinuous reflective channels like multi-drop DRAM interfaces are less suitable for high data rates than continuous point-to-point channels, their great advantages in high capacity, high throughput, and low latency attract the market [1-3]. However, compact TRXs for low-loss HR channels are more challenging than for high-loss low-reflection (LR) channels. Although the long-tail ISI of a high-loss LR channel can be cost-efficiently canceled by an FFE with a few taps or a DFE with IIR feedback (DFE-IIR) [4], the irregular ISI of a low-loss HR channel requires many DFE taps [2], demanding unacceptably large hardware cost and power dissipation. As an alternative solution, a multi-tone (MT) TRX was proposed to avoid a notch of the frequency response [3], but it is also very costly for HR channels with many notches. This paper proposes a 7.8Gb/s/pin compact single-ended (SE) TRX with simple clock data recovery (CDR) using phase-difference modulation (PDM) for HR memory interfaces. For reliable operation of the TRX/CDR, a phase-difference amplifier (PDA) is also proposed to satisfy its stringent timing requirement.
Pressurized feeding on the GEGAS system (1977)

A continuous process to feed coal directly into a pressurized gasifier is described. Coal fines are heated and mixed with a recycled tar binder and extruded through a novel die system against gasifier pressure. Performance data on a 2 in. system is given and scale up to a larger 6 in. system is described.
Joint user scheduling and transceiver design for cross-link interference suppression in MU-MIMO dynamic TDD systems (2017)

Dynamic time-division duplexing (TDD) allows flexible resource allocation among different transmission directions to adapt to the traffic variation. However, strong cross-link interference (CLI), e.g. downlink (DL)-to-uplink (UL) and UL-to-DL interference, may lead to significant performance degradation. In this paper, a joint user scheduling and transceiver design based CLI suppression (CLIS) scheme is investigated in multi-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dynamic TDD systems. To eliminate UL-to-DL interference, an algorithm is designed to avoid scheduling DL user equipments (UEs) which will be interfered by neighboring UL UEs. To suppress DL-to-UL interference, the DL-to-UL interference channel is divided into several interference sub-channels and a novel precoding and detection design strategy is provided to make the wanted signal channel orthogonal to these interference sub-channels. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively eliminate CLI so that the UL user rate is significant improved compared to conventional schemes.
Controlling generative models with continuous factors of variations (2020)

Recent deep generative models are able to provide photo-realistic images as well as visual or textual content embeddings useful to address various tasks of computer vision and natural language processing. Their usefulness is nevertheless often limited by the lack of control over the generative process or the poor understanding of the learned representation. To overcome these major issues, very recent work has shown the interest of studying the semantics of the latent space of generative models. In this paper, we propose to advance on the interpretability of the latent space of generative models by introducing a new method to find meaningful directions in the latent space of any generative model along which we can move to control precisely specific properties of the generated image like the position or scale of the object in the image. Our method does not require human annotations and is particularly well suited for the search of directions encoding simple transformations of the generated image, such as translation, zoom or color variations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method qualitatively and quantitatively, both for GANs and variational auto-encoders.
Implementing Open-Access Scheduling of Visits in Primary Care Practices: A Cautionary Tale (2008)

In 5 of 6 primary care practices, implementation of open-access scheduling improved appointment access in some practices. However, none was able to achieve same-day access and patient and staff satisfaction and patient no-show rates were unchanged. Broader evaluation of open-access scheduling in primary care is needed.
Microstrip-Fed Surface-Wave Antenna for Endfire Radiation (2018)

This communication presents a microstrip-fed surface-wave antenna for endfire radiation. The antenna has the advantages of high endfire gain, wide endfire gain bandwidth, and stable endfire radiation pattern. It consists of a microstrip line with air media and a dielectric cuboid. The half-mode dielectric waveguide, which is made up by the dielectric cuboid and the air substrate introduced by the microstrip line, is the radiating structure of the antenna. Fed by a microstrip line, the half-mode dielectric waveguide couples the energy continuously with a moderate phase constant, which is helpful for the antenna to realize a high endfire gain and a stable endfire radiation pattern. With a low dielectric constant, the half-mode dielectric waveguide has a stable radiation performance within a wide bandwidth. With a length of 5.76 wavelength, the antenna achieves a maximum endfire gain of 13.3 dBi at 4.75 GHz. The 1 and 3 dB gain bandwidths of the antenna is 18.1% and 37.8%, respectively. Good matching is obtained from 3 to 6.5 GHz.
Si Waveguide-Integrated Metal–Semiconductor–Metal and p–i–n-Type Ge Photodiodes Using Si-Capping Layer (2013)

We studied Si waveguide-integrated metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) and p–i–n-type Ge photodiodes (Ge-PDs), using a Si-capping layer. As for an MSM Ge-PD, the Schottky barrier height was increased up to 0.44 V by applying a 8–20 nm Si-capping layer, and a very low dark current density of approximately 0.4 nA/µm 2 was achieved with a high responsivity of 0.8 A/W. In addition, a small electrode spacing of 1 µm realized high-speed photodetection of 20 Gbps. As for a p–i–n-type Ge-PD, by applying a 10–20 nm Si capping layer, the contact resistance between a metal electrode of Ti/TiN/Al and n + -Si capping layer was successfully reduced to 1×10 -5 Ω·cm 2 . A 45 GHz bandwidth was obtained with a low dark current density of 0.8 nA/µm 2 . Moreover, a more than 20 GHz bandwidth was achieved with zero-bias voltage. In the case of zero-bias voltage operation, a 3 dB bandwidth was a little affected by input power, which would originate from the photocarrier screening effect on the built-in electric field.
Incidence of awareness with recall during general anaesthesia (1991)

One thousand patients who were anaesthetised between February and April 1990 at University Hospital, Nottingham were interviewed between 20 and 36 hours after their operation. Patients under 16 years of age, those who had undergone obstetric or intracranial surgery, those who were unable to communicate and patients who were discharged from hospital before the postoperative visit were not interviewed. A standard set of questions was used to determine the incidences of recall of events and dreams during the operation. These incidences were 0.2% and 0.9% respectively, considerably lower than reported in previous comparable studies.
Functional and Molecular Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibody Reactive with the Immunodominant Region of HIV Type 1 Glycoprotein 41 (1998)

The immunoreactivity, functional activity, and molecular features of a human monoclonal antibody (HMAb), F240, from an HIV-1-infected individual have been studied. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that F240 is reactive with cells infected with a broad range of laboratory isolates but not with uninfected cells. Reactivity of F240 is greatly enhanced by preincubation of infected cells with soluble CD4, and to a much lesser extent, with F105, an HMAb reactive with the CD4-binding site of gp120. This enhancement is temperature dependent, with maximum enhancement observed at 37 degrees C, and suggests that the F240 epitope may be more accessible after gp120 has bound to CD4 in vivo. Immunoblot analysis reveals antigen specificity of F240 for gp41 or its precursor gp160. F240 specificity is mapped to the immunodominant region of the gp41 ectodomain by Pepscan analysis. This epitope has been implicated in eliciting nonprotective antibodies that enhance infection in the presence of complement. Consistent with this, F240 failed to neutralize laboratory isolates and enhanced viral infection in a complement-dependent manner. The F240 VH demonstrates extensive somatic mutations compared with the product of its closest homologous germline gene VH3-3.11. Most amino acid substitutions occur in CDR2, characteristic of an antigen-driven response, and in FR3, a phenomenon observed in other anti-HIV-1 envelope HMAbs. Primary structure analysis of the F240 heavy chain revealed strong homology in the CDR domains to an HMAb (3D6) reactive with the same gp41 region, which suggests that these HMAbs could define a potential human antibody clonotype.
PLA–PHB–PLA Triblock Copolymers: Synthesis by Sequential Addition and Investigation of Mechanical and Rheological Properties (2013)

The dinuclear indium catalyst [(NNO)InCl]2(μ-OEt)(μ-Cl), previously reported to be highly active for the living ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters lactide (LA) and β-butyrolactone (BBL), was used to generate a series of triblock copolymers of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Copolymers PLLA–PDLLA–PLLA and PLLA–PDLLA–PDLA, synthesized via sequential monomer addition, showed low molecular weight distributions and excellent correlation between the calculated and experiment molecular weights. Significantly, triblock copolymers of the type PLA–PHB–PLA were also synthesized for the first time through a sequential addition technique. Analysis of polymers after each addition of monomer showed that although only 85% conversion was achieved after addition of BBL, the remaining chain ends were active and addition of more lactide yielded a triblock. Rheological studies of PLLA–PHB–PDLA indicated solid like behavior even well above the temperature at which stereocomplex formation was observed. These elastomeric triblocks exhibited elongations at break 5–10 times greater than those of corresponding PLLA–PDLLA–PLDA triblocks.
A new diagnostic approach for the identification of patients with neurodegenerative cognitive complaints (2019)

Neurodegenerative diseases causing dementia are known to affect a person's speech and language. Part of the expert assessment in memory clinics therefore routinely focuses on detecting such features. The current outpatient procedures examining patients' verbal and interactional abilities mainly focus on verbal recall, word fluency, and comprehension. By capturing neurodegeneration-associated characteristics in a person's voice, the incorporation of novel methods based on the automatic analysis of speech signals may give us more information about a person's ability to interact which could contribute to the diagnostic process. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate that purely acoustic features, extracted from recordings of patients' answers to a neurologist's questions in a specialist memory clinic can support the initial distinction between patients presenting with cognitive concerns attributable to progressive neurodegenerative disorders (ND) or Functional Memory Disorder (FMD, i.e., subjective memory concerns unassociated with objective cognitive deficits or a risk of progression). The study involved 15 FMD and 15 ND patients where a total of 51 acoustic features were extracted from the recordings. Feature selection was used to identify the most discriminating features which were then used to train five different machine learning classifiers to differentiate between the FMD/ND classes, achieving a mean classification accuracy of 96.2%. The discriminative power of purely acoustic approaches could be integrated into diagnostic pathways for patients presenting with memory concerns and are computationally less demanding than methods focusing on linguistic elements of speech and language that require automatic speech recognition and understanding.
Malignant and nonmalignant brain tissues differ in their messenger RNA expression patterns for ERCC1 and ERCC2. (1995)

Perturbation of the DNA repair process appears to be responsible for the occurrence of a number of human diseases, which are usually associated with a propensity to develop internal malignancies and/or disorders of the central nervous system. We have been interested in the possibility that a subtle abnormality in DNA repair competency might be associated with the transformation of nonmalignant cells to the malignant state. To study this question, we assayed malignant and nonmalignant brain tissues from 19 individuals for mRNA expression levels of the human DNA repair genes ERCC1, ERCC2, and XPAC and for differential splicing of the ERCC1 transcript. We separately compared expression levels of these genes in the following situations: concordance of expression within malignant tissues; concordance of expression within nonmalignant tissues; concordance between malignant and nonmalignant tissues within individuals of the cohort; and concordance of gene expression between two nonmalignant tissue sites within a single individual. Linear regression analyses of mRNA values obtained suggested orderly concordance of these three DNA repair genes in nonmalignant tissues within the patient cohort and an excellent concordance of these genes between two separate biopsy sites from the same individual. In contrast, malignant tissues showed disruption of concordance between the full-length ERCC1 transcript and ERCC2, which have excision and helicase functions, respectively. Furthermore, within the same individuals, malignant tissues were discordant with nonmalignant tissues for ERCC1 and ERCC2, although concordance for XPAC was preserved. These data suggest that one molecular characteristic of human malignancy may be the disruption of the normal relationship between the excision and the helicase functions of the nucleotide excision repair pathway.