gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and thermooxidative stability of poly[1,4‐phenylene‐4,4′‐(2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylethylidene)bisphthalimide] and other fluorinated polyimides (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of a novel polyimide (3F‐PDA) derived from 4,4′‐(2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐phenylethylidene]bisphthalic acid anhydride or its diethyl ester and p ‐phenylene diamine is described. This material shows unique thermooxidative stability compared with commercially available state‐of‐the‐art polyimides. The optimum monomer stoichiometric ratios of diester to diamine to form a stable 3F‐PDA polyimide were investigated. The studies revealed that diester/diamine ratios greater than 1.000 exhibited the greatest resistance to thermooxidative stability at 371°C in 1 atm of circulating air and at 371°C in 4 atm of flowing air. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A system approach to acoustic echo cancellation in robust hands-free teleconferencing (2011)

This paper presents a system approach to the acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) problem in a noisy acoustic environment. We propose a method that makes use of the estimated near-end signal from a postfilter to further improve the AEC system performance. The cancellation performance is enhanced especially during strong near-end interference (e.g., double talk). Simulation results show that our stereophonic AEC based on the system approach with postfilter integration outperforms the one using the original robust AEC system by itself without postfilter integration. The improved performance is noted especially during double talk, where simulation results show that the true echo return loss enhancement can be boosted by as much as 10 dB.
Method of measuring the spatial resolution of a photoresist (2002)

By analysis of the response of a high-contrast photoresist to sinusoidal illumination, generated interferometrically, one can extract a phenomenological modulation transfer function of the resist material, thereby characterizing its spatial resolution. Deep-ultraviolet interferometric lithography allows the resist response to be quantified at length scales below 100 nm. As an example, the resolution (FWHM) of the commercial resist UVII-HS is found to be approximately 50 nm. This simple method can be applied to materials under development for advanced photolithography with short-wavelength illumination.
CT brain prescriptions in Talairach space: a new clinical standard. (2004)

By prescribing CT images angled +12 degrees from the hard palate, a structure readily identified by technologists, interscan precision can be improved and Talairach-referenced MR imaging studies can be approximated. Along with AC-PC-referenced MR imaging studies, we advocate this CT protocol as a new clinical standard.
The Complementary Neighborhood Patterns and Methylation-to-Mutation Likelihood Structures of 15,110 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Bovine Genome (2008)

Bayesian analysis was performed to examine the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) neighborhood patterns in cattle using 15,110 SNPs, each with a flanking sequence of 500 bp. Our analysis confirmed three well-known features reported in plants and/or other animals: (1) the transition is the most abundant type of SNPs, accounting for 69.8% in cattle; (2) the transversion occurs most frequently (38.56%) in cattle when the A + T content equals two at their immediate adjacent sites; and (3) C <--> T and A <--> G transitions have reverse complementary neighborhood patterns and so do A <--> C and G <--> T transversions. Our study also revealed several novel SNP neighborhood patterns that have not been reported previously. First, cattle and humans share an overall SNP pattern, indicating a common mutation system in mammals. Second, unlike C <--> T/A <--> G and A <--> C/G <--> T, the true neighborhood patterns for A <--> T and C <--> G might remain mysterious because the sense and antisense sequences flanking these mutations are not actually recognizable. Third, among the reclassified four types of SNPs, the neighborhood ratio between A + T and G + C was quite different. The ratio was lowest for C <--> G, but increased for C <--> T/A <--> G, further for A <--> C/G <--> T, and the most for A <--> T. Fourth, when two immediate adjacent sites provide structures for CpG, it significantly increased transitions compared to the structures without the CpG. Finally, unequal occurrence between A <--> G and C <--> T in five paired neighboring structures indicates that the methylation-induced deamination reactions were responsible for approximately 20% of total transitions. In addition, conversion can occur at both CpG sites and non-CpG sites. Our study provides new insights into understanding molecular mechanisms of mutations and genome evolution.
Erratum: “photoacoustic Doppler flow measurement in optically scattering media” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 264103 (2007)] (2008)

First Page
Sonoelectroanalytical Detection of Ultra‐Trace Arsenic (2004)

Abstract The electroanalytical detection of arsenic on a gold electrode is investigated in the presence and absence of ultrasound. It is found that under quiescent conditions a detection limit of 1.8×10 −7 M is achievable using a 120 seconds accumulation period. Applying optimised ultrasound during the accumulation period was found to reduce the limit of detection to 1×10 −8 M from using a deposition period of 60 s at −0.5 V, while increasing the sensitivity by a factor of 15. The methodology was tested on a river sample containing significant copper contamination and electrode passivating organic materials. This technique provides promise for ‘in the field’ measurements due to the electrode‐depassivating effects of ultrasound.
Matrix‐free high‐resolution imaging mass spectrometry with high‐energy ion projectiles (2008)

Abstract The importance of imaging mass spectrometry (MS) for visualizing the spatial distribution of molecular species in biological tissues and cells is growing. We have developed a new system for imaging MS using MeV ion beams, termed MeV‐secondary ion mass spectrometry (MeV‐SIMS) here, and demonstrated more than 1000‐fold increase in molecular ion yield from a peptide sample (1154 Da), compared to keV ion irradiation. This significant enhancement of the molecular ion yield is attributed to electronic excitation induced in the near‐surface region by the impact of high energy ions. In addition, the secondary ion efficiency for biologically important compounds (>1 kDa) increased to more than 10 10 cm −2 , demonstrating that the current technique could, in principle, achieve micrometer lateral resolution. In addition to MeV‐SIMS, peptide compounds were also analyzed with cluster‐SIMS and the results indicated that in the former method the molecular ion yields increased substantially compared to the latter. To assess the capability of MeV‐SIMS to acquire heavy‐ion images, we have prepared a micropatterned peptide surface and successfully obtained mass spectrometric imaging of the deprotonated peptides ( m / z 1153) without any matrix enhancement. The results obtained in this study indicate that the MeV‐SIMS technique can be a powerful tool for high‐resolution imaging in the mass range from 100 to over 1000 Da. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<i>Xenopus</i> U3 snoRNA docks on pre-rRNA through a novel base-pairing interaction (2004)

U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) is essential for rRNA processing to form 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Previously, it has been shown that nucleolin is needed to load U3 snoRNA on pre-rRNA. However, as documented here, this is not sufficient. We present data that base-pairing between the U3 hinges and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) is critical for functional alignment of U3 on its pre-rRNA substrate. Additionally, the interaction between the U3 hinges and the ETS is proposed to serve as an anchor to hold U3 on the pre-rRNA substrate, while box A at the 5' end of U3 snoRNA swivels from ETS contacts to 18S rRNA contacts. Compensatory base changes revealed base-pairing between the 3' hinge of U3 snoRNA and region E1 of the ETS in Xenopus pre-rRNA; this novel interaction is required for 18S rRNA production. In contrast, base-pairing between the 5' hinge of U3 snoRNA and region E2 of the ETS is auxiliary, unlike the case in yeast where it is required. Thus, higher and lower eukaryotes use different interactions for functional association of U3 with pre-rRNA. The U3 hinge sequence varies between species, but covariation in the ETS retains complementarity. This species-specific U3-pre-rRNA interaction offers a potential target for a new class of antibiotics to prevent ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotic pathogens.
Basis for a polarized superfluorescent fiber source with increased efficiency (1996)

We propose to produce a superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) with a linearly polarized output by inserting a discrete polarizer near the middle of a polarization-maintaining Er-doped fiber. We show that with a relatively low-loss polarizer (<0.5 dB) the output power of the polarized SFS is predicted to approach that of a standard, unpolarized SFS, i.e., the power of the desired polarization mode is nearly doubled. The efficiency of this source depends weakly on the polarizer location and extinction ratio, although it depends strongly on its insertion loss.
Three- and four-satellite continuous-coverage constellations (1985)

This paper addresses the problem of obtaining continuous satellite line-of-sight coverage of every point in either the northern hemisphere or on the entire Earth's surface with the minimum number of satellites. Geometric theorems and corollaries relating to coverage are presented. A three-satellite elliptic-orbit constellation covering the entire northern hemisphere is described. Also, a four-satellite constellation giving continuous global coverage is defined. An extensive search has uncovered no other three-satellite continuous hemispheric or four-satellite continuous global coverage constellations.
Recent Progress in the Development of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors for the Treatment of HIV/AIDS (2016)

HIV-1 protease inhibitors continue to play an important role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS, transforming this deadly ailment into a more manageable chronic infection. Over the years, intensive research has led to a variety of approved protease inhibitors for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. In this review, we outline current drug design and medicinal chemistry efforts toward the development of next-generation protease inhibitors beyond the currently approved drugs.
Synthesis of Highly Coherent SiGe and Si<sub>4</sub>Ge Nanostructures by Molecular Beam Epitaxy of H<sub>3</sub>SiGeH<sub>3</sub> and Ge(SiH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (2003)

Stoichiometric SiGe and Si4Ge epitaxial films and coherent islands are created on Si(100) via thermal dehydrogenation of H3SiGeH3 and Ge(SiH3)4, respectively. The control of morphology and composition x of Si1-xGex nanostructures at the atomic level is achieved for the first time via CVD growth of single-source precursors containing precise atomic arrangements with direct Si−Ge bonds.
Lateral Force Modulation Atomic Force Microscope for Selective Imaging of Friction Forces (1995)

An approach to imaging friction force distribution on the nanometer scale is presented, where a sample is laterally vibrated and both the amplitude and the phase of resultant torsion vibration of the cantilever are employed for imaging. It has an advantage over the conventional friction force microscope (FFM) in that the contrast due to local gradient can be significantly reduced. The topographic contrast was almost completely suppressed on a gold evaporated film sample. A method for characterizing friction, the friction force curve (FFC), is proposed where the friction force amplitude and phase are recorded simultaneously with the normal force, as a function of the tip-sample distance. The usefulness of the FFC was verified in characterizing slip and deformation in the tip-sample interaction.
Some novel approaches to the design and synthesis of peptide–catecholamine conjugates (1983)

Abstract A series of novel, functionalized catecholamines (congeners) has been synthesized in which, formalistically, the N ‐isopropyl group of isoproterenol has been extended by a linear alkyl chain of varying length, terminated by a carboxyl group. Model amide derivatives have also been prepared in order to optimize the biological activity of these derivatives and also to aid in the design of appropriate peptides for the synthesis of conjugates. As a result of these studies, a series of amino acid and monodisperse peptide carriers, containing p ‐aminophenylalanine as the point of attachment for the drug, was prepared, together with the corresponding conjugates. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the congeners, model amides, and conjugates has demonstrated that the biological activity of these derivatives is extremely sensitive to structural modifications at a point far‐removed from the pharmacophore, in both the congener amide and conjugate series. A number of the model amides and conjugates have proven to be highly active when tested in both in vitro and in vivo test systems. The implications of these results in terms of a novel structure–activity approach to drug design are discussed.
Evidence Supporting a Signal Transduction Pathway Leading to the Radiation-Resistant Phenotype in Human Tumor Cells (1997)

A signal transduction pathway, involving oncogenes and their normal counterparts the proto-oncogenes, analogous to that for cell growth and differentiation has been proposed to lead to the phenotype of cellular radioresistance (RR). In this report we provide evidence demonstrating the existence of such a pathway by using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to reverse the RR phenotype. Utilizing ASO directed against the raf-1 gene, a central component of this proposed pathway, we were able to reverse the RR phenotype of human tumor cell lines having elevated HER-2 expression or a mutant form of Ha-ras, two genes upstream of raf-1 in signal transduction. Additionally, anti-ras ASO were able to radiosensitize HER-2 overexpressing cells. These results, which verify the presence of a signaling pathway leading to cellular RR, also have possible clinical implications for the use of ASO as a means to sensitize radioresistant tumors to radiation therapy.
A Next-Generation Parallel Reservoir Simulator for Giant Reservoirs (2009)

Abstract Giant reservoirs of the Middle East are crucial for the supply of oil and gas to the world market. Proper simulation of these giant reservoirs with long history and large amount of static and dynamic data requires efficient parallel simulation technologies, powerful visualization and data processing capabilities. This paper describes GigaPOWERS, a new parallel reservoir simulator capable of simulating hundreds of millions of cells to a billion cells with long production history in practical times. The new simulator uses unstructured grids. A distributed unstructured grid infrastructure has been developed for models using unstructured or complex structured grids. Unconventional wells such as maximum reservoir contact wells and fish-bone wells, as well as faults and fractures are handled by the new gridding system. A new parallel linear solver has been developed to solve the resulting linear system of equations. Load balancing issues are also discussed. A unified compositional formulation has been implemented. The simulator is designed to handle n-porosity systems. An optimization-based well management system has been developed by using mixed integer nonlinear programming. In addition to the core computational algorithms, the paper will present the pre- and post-processing software system to handle large amount of data. Visualization techniques for billions of cells are also presented.
Optimization of a fixed solar thermal collector (1978)

Abstract Criteria are presented for optimizing solar thermal energy collection. These criteria are then used in setting the design of a fixed solar thermal energy collector. This design is obtained by proceeding carefully through a series of optimization steps. While seeking near optimum performance, features have been retained which should lead to low cost. Initial optimization steps lead to an all glass vacuum collector tube whose side and lower walls are internally silvered to provide optimal Winston concentration on an interior glass tube coated with a selective absorber. Heat transfer calculations, performed for an array module of these collector tubes, produce values for the radiation, heat conduction and pumping losses and indicate operating conditions which minimize these losses. Near this minimum, heat conduction and pumping losses are small and can usually be neglected. Liquids provide much better heat transfer than gases. For liquid heat transfer fluids, the minimum loss collector tube window width (setting the transverse scale) is ∼3 cm and tube length ∼4 m, depending somewhat upon array area and the weighting used for the various losses. A window width of∼5 cm and tube length∼2 m should provide lower cost fabrication, while still allowing operation near minimum loss. Skills now used in the glass and lighting industry are expected to lead to low cost production of these tubes.
Cellular supercomputing with system-on-a-chip (2005)

System-on-a-chip technology allows a level of integration that can be leveraged to develop inexpensive high-performance, low-power computing nodes. When used in aggregate, this approach promises to challenge conventional supercomputer architectures in the high-performance computing arena. Systems under consideration reach into the hundreds of thousand nodes per machine. Architecture for these systems are described.
A preemptive scheduling technique for OBS networks with service differentiation (2004)

Existing burst scheduling techniques could be improved in terms of bandwidth utilization and QoS support. In this paper, we introduced a new partially preemptive scheduling technique with QoS support. The technique is capable of handling data bursts in parts and may use preemption due to the priorities of data bursts in a multi-service OBS network environment. Simulation studies suggest that more than 50% reduction in dropping probability and approximately 40% improvement in channel utilization is reachable at 0.8 load. The studies also reveal that the new scheduling technique has the ability to predict and control service performance differentiation among defined service classes.
Investigation of the Transformation Between Differential-Mode and Common-Mode Noises in an EMI Filter Due to Unbalance (2010)

This paper analyzes the transformation between differential-mode and common-mode noises due to the unbalance of noise sources and electromagnetic interference filters in power electronics circuits. Both insertion gain and electromagnetic interference measurements prove the analysis.
Unambiguous Detection of Target DNAs by Excimer−Monomer Switching Molecular Beacons (2004)

A new class of molecular beacons were developed in which pyrene fluorophores were connected both at 3' and 5' ends of a single-stranded oligonucleotide. The two pyrene-based fluorophores were synthesized from the same starting material, so that the preparation of the beacons was simplified. The detection strategy of the beacons for target DNAs is based on "excimer-monomer emission switching" of the pyrene fluorophores: excimer emission of the pyrene moieties changed to monomer one when the beacons hybridized with the targets. This type of two-state mode of fluorescence allows unambiguous detection of the target DNAs because strict 1:1 correlation between the nonhybridized and the hybridized beacons can be monitored by the presence of isoemissive points of the fluorescence changes. The beacons can detect target 19-mer DNAs and can discriminate the targets from their single-nucleotide mismatches at 1 nM concentration. Advantages of the excimer-monomer switching molecular beacons were discussed in comparison with conventional ones.
T-drive (2010)

GPS-equipped taxis can be regarded as mobile sensors probing traffic flows on road surfaces, and taxi drivers are usually experienced in finding the fastest (quickest) route to a destination based on their knowledge. In this paper, we mine smart driving directions from the historical GPS trajectories of a large number of taxis, and provide a user with the practically fastest route to a given destination at a given departure time. In our approach, we propose a time-dependent landmark graph, where a node (landmark) is a road segment frequently traversed by taxis, to model the intelligence of taxi drivers and the properties of dynamic road networks. Then, a Variance-Entropy-Based Clustering approach is devised to estimate the distribution of travel time between two landmarks in different time slots. Based on this graph, we design a two-stage routing algorithm to compute the practically fastest route. We build our system based on a real-world trajectory dataset generated by over 33,000 taxis in a period of 3 months, and evaluate the system by conducting both synthetic experiments and in-the-field evaluations. As a result, 60-70% of the routes suggested by our method are faster than the competing methods, and 20% of the routes share the same results. On average, 50% of our routes are at least 20% faster than the competing approaches.
Comparison of the benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test, DNA probes, and immunological reagents for ability to detect anaerobic periodontal infections due to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Bacteroides forsythus (1992)

Most forms of periodontal disease are associated with the presence or overgrowth of anaerobic species that could include Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Bacteroides forsythus among others. These three organisms are among the few cultivable plaque species that can hydrolyze the synthetic trypsin substrate benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide (BANA). In turn, BANA hydrolysis by the plaque can be associated with periodontal morbidity and with the presence of these three BANA-positive organisms in the plaque. In this investigation, the results of the BANA test, which simultaneously detects one or more of these organisms, were compared with the detection of these organisms by (i) highly specific antibodies to P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and B. forsythus; (ii) whole genomic DNA probes to P. gingivalis and T. denticola; and (iii) culturing or microscopic procedures. The BANA test, the DNA probes, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or an indirect immunofluorescence assay procedure exhibited high sensitivities, i.e., 90 ot 96%, and high accuracies, i.e., 83 to 92%, in their ability to detect combinations of these organisms in over 200 subgingival plaque samples taken from the most periodontally diseased sites in 67 patients. This indicated that if P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and B. forsythus are appropriate marker organisms for an anaerobic periodontal infection, then the three detection methods are equally accurate in their ability to diagnose this infection. The same statement could not be made for the culturing approach, where accuracies of 50 to 62% were observed.
Application-aware virtual machine migration in data centers (2011)

While virtual machine (VM) migration is allowing data centers to rebalance workloads across physical machines, the promise of a maximally utilized infrastructure is yet to be realized. Part of the challenge is due to the inherent dependencies between VMs comprising a multi-tier application, which introduce complex load interactions between the underlying physical servers. For example, simply moving an overloaded VM to a (random) underloaded physical machine can inadvertently overload the network. We introduce AppAware-a novel, computationally efficient scheme for incorporating (1) inter-VM dependencies and (2) the underlying network topology into VM migration decisions. Using simulations, we show that our proposed method decreases network traffic by up to 81%compared to a well known alternative VM migration method that is not application-aware.