gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pd<sup><scp>II</scp></sup> Complexes Possessing a Seven‐Membered N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand (2005)

Carbene mit einem „Dreh“: Ein siebengliedriges N-heterocyclisches Carben (NHC) als Ligand wurde aus einer von 2,2′-Dinitrobiphenyl abgeleiteten Amidiniumvorstufe hergestellt und lieferte den NHC-PdII-Komplex [PdCl(Allyl)(NHC)] (siehe Schema). Das Carbengerüst ist verdrillt, sodass es eine axiale Symmetrie zeigt. Diese Ligandenklasse lässt sich einfach modifizieren und ist für künftige Anwendungen in der asymmetrischen Katalyse attraktiv.
Stemina Biomarker Discovery (2008)

Stemina Biomarker Discovery was established in 2006 to commercialize technology developed by Dr Gabriela Cezar at the University of Wisconsin (WI, USA). Stemina's cell-based assays arise from the strategic convergence of two cutting edge technologies: metabolomics and human embryonic stem (hES) cells. Stemina analyzes the small molecules secreted by hES cells and differentiated cell types such as neural and heart cells derived from hES cells by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry at its state-of-the-art facilities in Madison, WI, USA. Stemina's first technology platform has identified a dynamic set of small molecules in the extracellular secretome of hES cells secreted in response to exposure to a library of known teratogens. Alterations to small molecules in the biochemical pathway(s) of hES cells are mapped in silico to identify biomarkers of toxicity for drug screening and development in an all human system. These small human molecules may then be translated in vivo as biomarkers of toxic response and disease.
The First Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Indolization of 2-Bromo- or 2-Chloroanilines with Internal Alkynes:  A New Approach to 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles (2004)

[reaction: see text] The first practical and economical process for synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indole compounds has been developed with high regioselectivity by palladium-catalyzed indolization of 2-bromo- or chloroanilines and their derivatives with internal alkynes.
Diffusion Effects in Passband Balanced SSFP fMRI (2007)

The dependency of the balanced SSFP signal on the resonance frequency can be used to detect BOLD related frequency changes in functional MRI. Recent work demonstrates that diffusion in inhomogeneous magnetic fields affects the balanced SSFP signal amplitude. Due to this susceptibility sensitivity also the signal amplitude of an on-resonant balanced SSFP sequence depends on deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. Data from a visual fMRI study support the predicted dependency on the flip angle. However, low sensitivity or off-resonance effects prevented verification of the weaker effects of the repetition time on measured signal changes.
Improved Solar-Cell Tunnel Junction (1986)

Efficiency of multiple-junction silicon solar cells increased by inclusion of p+/n+ tunnel junctions of highly doped GaP between component cells. Relatively low recombination velocity at GaP junction principal reason for recommending this material. Relatively wide band gap also helps increase efficiency by reducing optical losses.
Staphyloxanthin photobleaching sensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to reactive oxygen species attack (2018)

Given that the dearth of new antibiotic development loads an existential burden on successful infectious disease therapy, health organizations are calling for alternative approaches to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Here, we report a drug-free photonic approach to eliminate MRSA through photobleaching of staphyloxanthin, an indispensable membrane-bound antioxidant of S. aureus. The photobleaching process, uncovered through a transient absorption imaging study and quantitated by absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, decomposes staphyloxanthin, and sensitizes MRSA to reactive oxygen species attack. Consequently, staphyloxanthin bleaching by low-level blue light eradicates MRSA synergistically with external or internal reactive oxygen species. The effectiveness of this synergistic therapy is validated in MRSA culture, MRSAinfected macrophage cells. Collectively, these findings highlight broad applications of staphyloxanthin photobleaching for treatment of MRSA infections.
Protein Hpn: cloning and characterization of a histidine-rich metal-binding polypeptide in Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter mustelae (1995)

Helicobacter pylori is a human gastrointestinal pathogen involved in gastritis, duodenal ulcers, and gastric neoplasia. This microorganism produces large amounts of a urease which, like all known ureases, has nickel in the active site. We have identified a protein in clinical isolates of H. pylori and an identical protein in the ferret pathogen Helicobacter mustelae that strongly binds Ni2+ and Zn2+. This protein has been named Hpn to emphasize its origins in H. pylori and its affinity for nickel. The encoding hpn gene, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli ER1793, has an open reading frame (180 bp) that specifies a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 7,077 Da and with the same amino-terminal sequence as that of wild-type Hpn. The deduced sequence of Hpn consists of 60 amino acids, of which 28 (47%) are histidines. The hpn gene does not map with the urease gene cluster on the H. pylori chromosome. An Hpn-negative, isogenic H. pylori strain, generated by hpn gene deletion and grown on blood agar, had the same urease activity that wild-type cells did. Thus, the role of Hpn in helicobacters is unknown.
An iron- and fur-repressed Legionella pneumophila gene that promotes intracellular infection and encodes a protein with similarity to the Escherichia coli aerobactin synthetases (1997)

Legionella pneumophila, a parasite of alveolar macrophages, requires iron for intra- and extracellular growth. Although its mechanisms for iron assimilation are poorly understood, this bacterium produces Fur, a protein that can repress gene transcription in response to iron concentration. Because iron- and Fur-regulated genes are important for infection in other bacteria, the identification of similar genes in L. pneumophila was undertaken. A wild-type strain of L. pneumophila was randomly mutated with a mini-Tn10' lacZ transposon, and the resulting gene fusions were tested for iron regulation by assessing beta-galactosidase production in the presence and absence of iron chelators. Of the initial six mutants with iron-repressed lacZ fusions, two strains, NU229 and NU232, possessed fusions that were stably iron regulated. To assay for Fur regulation, the levels of beta-galactosidase were measured in strains no longer producing Fur. As in a number of pathogenic bacteria, L. pneumophila fur could not be insertionally inactivated, but spontaneous Fur- derivatives were generated by selecting for manganese resistance. Strain NU229 contained a Fur-repressed fusion based on derepression of lacZ expression in its manganese-resistant derivative. Extracellular growth of NU229 in bacteriological media was similar to that of wild-type strain 130b. To assess the role of an iron- and Fur-regulated (frgA) gene in intracellular infection, the ability of NU229 to grow within U937 cell monolayers was tested. Quantitative infection assays demonstrated that intracellular growth of NU229 was impaired as much as 80-fold. Reconstruction of the mutant by allelic exchange proved that the infectivity defect in NU229 was due to the inactivation of frgA and not to a second-site mutation. Subsequently, complementation of the interrupted gene by an intact plasmid-encoded gene demonstrated that the infectivity defect was due to the loss of frgA and not to a polar effect. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the 63-kDa FrgA protein has homology with the aerobactin synthetases IucA and IucC of Escherichia coli, raising the possibility that L. pneumophila encodes a siderophore which is required for optimal intracellular replication. Southern hybridization analysis determined that frgA is specific to L. pneumophila.
536 Role of Phospholipase A2-derived Lysophospholipids as Senescence Retardants of Plant Tissues: From Basic Science to Commercial Applications (1999)

Lipids have been thought to be important largely in membrane structure and energy reserve. It is now evident that lipids and lipid-derived metabolites play a role in many critical cellular processes. Recent studies have shown that membrane lipid-based signaling mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD) constitutes a crucial step in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Phospholipases and their products also play a role during plant growth and development. For example, PLA2-derived lysophospholipids acted as growth regulators that retard senescence of plant tissues. Interestingly, the PLA2 products inhibited the activity of PLD, which has been suggested to be a key enzyme responsible for membrane lipid breakdown leading to plant senescence. Endogenous levels of lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), could be increased in castor bean leaf discs by the treatment of auxin (50 μM), which is known to be a activator of PLA2. Pretreatment of leaf discs with a PLA2 inhibitor before auxin treatment nullified the auxin effect and rather resulted in accelerated senescence even compared to the nontreated control. Our recent results suggest a potential role of PLA2 products as biologically active molecules mediating hormonal regulation of growth and senescence. One such product LPE is being commercially exploited for retarding senescence and improving shelf life of fruits, vegetables, and cut flowers.
Direct oxidation of methane to acetic acid catalyzed by Pd2+ and Cu2+ in the presence of molecular oxygen (2004)

Methane is catalytically converted primarily to acetic acid in concentrated sulfuric acid using a combination of Pd(2+) and Cu(2+) in the presence of oxygen.
Image Fusion Using a Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing Framework (2011)

Image Fusion Using a Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing Framework 141 Law, which quantifies the human eye's ability to perceive intensity differences for a given background intensity (Pinoli, 1998).As a result, image enhancement, edge detection, and image restoration algorithms utilizing the LIP model have yielded better results (Deng et al., 2009;Debayle et al., 2006).However, an unfortunate consequence of the LIP model for general practical purposes is that the dynamic range of the processed image data is left unchanged causing information loss and signal clipping.Moreover, specifically for image fusion purposes, the combination of source images in regions of vastly different mean intensity yield visually poor results even though their processing is motivated by a relevant physical model.It is therefore advantageous to formulate a generalized image processing framework which is able to effectively unify the LIP and standard processing frameworks into a single framework.Consequently, the Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing (PLIP) model was formulated.The PLIP model is a generalization of the LIP model which attempts to overcome the mentioned shortcomings of the standard processing and LIP models and can yield visually more pleasing outputs (Panetta et al., 2008).A mathematical analysis shows that in fact LIP and standard mathematical operators are instances of the generalized PLIP framework.Adaptations of edge detection and image enhancement algorithms using the PLIP model have demonstrated the improved performance achieved by the parameterized framework (Panetta et al., 2007;Wharton et al. 2008).In this chapter, we investigate the use of the PLIP model for image fusion applications.New multi-resolution decomposition schemes and image fusion rules using the PLIP model are introduced, and consequently, new pixel-and region-based image fusion algorithms using the PLIP model are proposed.The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 provides a brief overview of commonly used multi-scale image decomposition techniques.Section 3 provides background information for pixel-based image fusion algorithms, while Section 4 provides background information for region-based image fusion algorithms.Section 5 describes the LIP and PLIP models, and in particular, analyzes the advantageous properties of the proposed PLIP model.Section 6 subsequently introduces the proposed multi-scale image decomposition techniques and image fusion algorithms.Section 7 describes the quality metric used for quantitative assessment of image fusion quality.Section 8 compares the proposed image fusion algorithms with existing standards via computer simulations.Section 9 draws conclusions based on the presented experimental results.'
Contribution of Individual Disulfide Bonds to the Oxidative Folding of Ribonuclease A (2000)

The eight cysteine residues of ribonuclease A form four disulfide bonds in the native protein. We have analyzed the folding of three double RNase A mutants (C65A/C72A, C58A/C110A, and C26A/C84A, lacking the C65-C72, C58-C110, and C26-C84 disulfide bonds, respectively) and two single mutants (C110A and C26A), in which a single cysteine is replaced with an alanine and the paired cysteine is present in the reduced form. The folding of these mutants was carried out in the presence of oxidized and reduced glutathione, which constitute the main redox agents present within the ER. The use of mass spectrometry in the analysis of the folding processes allowed us (i) to follow the formation of intermediates and thus the pathway of folding of the RNase A mutants, (ii) to quantitate the intermediates that formed, and (iii) to compare the rates of formation of intermediates. By comparison of the folding kinetics of the mutants with that of wild-type RNase A, the contribution of each disulfide bond to the folding process has been evaluated. In particular, we have found that the folding of the C65A/C72A mutant occurs on the same time scale as that of the wild-type protein, thus suggesting that the removal of the C65-C72 disulfide bond has no effect on the kinetics of RNase A folding. Conversely, the C58A/C110A and C26A/C84A mutants fold much more slowly than the wild-type protein. The removal of the C58-C110 and C26-C84 disulfide bonds has a dramatic effect on the kinetics of RNase A folding. Results described in this paper provide specific information about conformational folding events in the regions involving the mutated cysteine residues, thus contributing to a better understanding of the complex mechanism of oxidative folding.
Single-frequency microwave imaging with dynamic metasurface apertures (2017)

Conventional microwave imaging schemes, enabled by the ubiquity of coherent sources and detectors, have traditionally relied on frequency bandwidth to retrieve range information, while using mechanical or electronic beamsteering to obtain cross-range information. This approach has resulted in complex and expensive hardware when extended to large-scale systems with ultrawide bandwidth. Relying on bandwidth can create difficulties in calibration, alignment, and imaging of dispersive objects. We present an alternative approach using electrically large, dynamically reconfigurable, metasurface antennas that generate spatially distinct radiation patterns as a function of tuning state. The metasurface antenna consists of a waveguide feeding an array of metamaterial radiators, each with properties that can be modified by applying a voltage to diodes integrated into the element. By deploying two of these apertures, one as the transmitter and one as the receiver, we realize sufficient spatial diversity to alleviate the dependence on frequency bandwidth and obtain range and cross-range information using measurements at a single frequency. We experimentally demonstrate this proposal by using two 1D dynamic metasurface apertures and reconstructing various 2D scenes (range and cross-range). Furthermore, we modify a conventional reconstruction method—the range migration algorithm—to be compatible with such configurations, resulting in an imaging system that is efficient in software and hardware. The imaging scheme presented in this paper has broad application to radio frequency imaging, including security screening, through-wall imaging, biomedical diagnostics, and synthetic aperture radar.
Emergency preservation and delayed resuscitation allows normal recovery after exsanguination cardiac arrest in rats: A feasibility trial* (2007)

We have established an EPR model in rats showing no neurologic injury, despite an exsanguination cardiac arrest, followed by 20 mins of EPR using miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass. Establishment of this model should facilitate application of molecular tools to study the effects of hypothermic preservation and reperfusion and to screen novel pharmacologic adjuncts.
The small non-coding vault RNA1-1 acts as a riboregulator of autophagy (2017)

Abstract Vault RNAs (vtRNA) are small, 88-100nt non-coding RNAs found in many eukaryotes. Although they have been linked to drug resistance, apoptosis and nuclear transport, their function remains unclear. Here we show that a human vtRNA, RNA1-1, specifically binds to the autophagy receptor sequestosome-1/p62. Antisense-mediated depletion of vault RNA1-1 augments, whereas increased vault RNA1-1 expression restricts, autophagic flux in a p62-dependent manner. Bulk autophagy induced by starvation reduces the levels of vault RNA1-1 and the fraction of RNA-bound p62. These findings show that RNAs can act as riboregulators of biological processes by interacting with proteins, and assign a function to a vault RNA.
Prenatal diagnostic testing for familial dysautonomia using linked genetic markers (1995)

Familial dysautonomia (FD), a recessively inherited disease, has been mapped to chromosome 9q31. Highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat markers flanking the genetic locus and at the same genetic location have been identified. We describe the prenatal diagnosis of FD using linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses with these markers. Twelve families were analysed for informativeness and of these, seven went on to have prenatal testing (a total of eight fetuses tested). All of these fetuses were predicted to be heterozygous unaffected (FD carriers). Seven fetuses have come to term and are normal. In the absence of a recombinant proband, a panel of three proximal and three distal markers is sufficient to provide informative flanking markers and an 87-96 per cent likelihood of a highly predictive test. In an additional family at 1:4 risk for FD, no DNA was available from the propositus. This family was analysed using linkage disequilibrium to the #18 allele of the tightly linked marker D9S58 in conjunction with linkage analysis using data from two unaffected children. Prenatal diagnosis in this family indicated an affected fetus.
Potent inhibition of tumor survival<i>in vivo</i>by β-lapachone plus taxol: Combining drugs imposes different artificial checkpoints (1999)

Ablation of tumor colonies was seen in a wide spectrum of human carcinoma cells in culture after treatment with the combination of beta-lapachone and taxol, two low molecular mass compounds. They synergistically induced death of cultured ovarian, breast, prostate, melanoma, lung, colon, and pancreatic cancer cells. This synergism is schedule dependent; namely, taxol must be added either simultaneously or after beta-lapachone. This combination therapy has unusually potent antitumor activity against human ovarian and prostate tumor prexenografted in mice. There is little host toxicity. Cells can commit to apoptosis at cell-cycle checkpoints, a mechanism that eliminates defective cells to ensure the integrity of the genome. We hypothesize that when cells are treated simultaneously with drugs activating more than one different cell-cycle checkpoint, the production of conflicting regulatory signaling molecules induces apoptosis in cancer cells. beta-Lapachone causes cell-cycle delays in late G(1) and S phase, and taxol arrests cells at G(2)/M. Cells treated with both drugs were delayed at multiple checkpoints before committing to apoptosis. Our findings suggest an avenue for developing anticancer therapy by exploiting apoptosis-prone "collisions" at cell-cycle checkpoints.
Quantitative radiommunoassay for DNA-binding antibodies. [Iodine 131, Iodine 125] (1981)

The survivors had slightly higher mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and mixed venous oxygen saturation, as well as significantly higher oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, transcutaneous oxygen tension, and transcutaneous oxygen tension/FIO2 ratios, than did the nonsurvivors. The data suggest that blood flow, oxygen delivery, and tissue oxygenation of the nonsurvivors became inadequate toward the end of the operation. Noninvasive monitoring provides similar information to that of the PAC; both approaches revealed low-flow and poor tissue perfusion that were worse in the nonsurvivors. The continuous on-line real-time displays of hemodynamic trends facilitate early recognition of acute circulatory dysfunction.
Development of uni-stretch woven fabrics with zero and negative Poisson’s ratio (2017)

Fabrics with zero or negative Poisson’s ratio are referred as auxetic fabrics, which have the unusual property of lateral expansion or zero expansion upon stretch. The use of conventional materials and machinery to produce auxetic fabrics has gained the interest of researchers in recent years. However, this approach is limited to knitted fabrics only. The development of auxetic fabric using conventional yarns and weaving technology is a research area that is still unaddressed. This paper reports a study on the development of a novel class of stretchable auxetic woven fabrics by using conventional yarns and weaving machinery. The phenomenon of differential shrinkage was successfully employed to realize auxetic geometries capable of inducing auxetic behavior in woven fabrics, and a series of auxetic woven fabrics were fabricated with elastic and non-elastic yarns and a dobby machine. The uni-axial tensile tests showed that auxetic woven fabrics developed exhibited zero or negative Poisson’s ratio over a wide range of longitudinal strain.
Structure-activity Relationship of Cyclic Imide Herbicides I.<i>N</i>-Substituted Phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimides and Related Compounds (1976)

Journal Article Structure-activity Relationship of Cyclic Imide Herbicides I. N-Substituted Phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimides and Related Compounds Get access Hiroki Ohta, Hiroki Ohta Market Development Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seiichi Suzuki, Seiichi Suzuki Market Development Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hisao Watanabe, Hisao Watanabe Market Development Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tetsuo Jikihara, Tetsuo Jikihara Market Development Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kuni Matsuya, Kuni Matsuya Market Development Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ko Wakabayashi Ko Wakabayashi Market Development Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Limited 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 4, 1 April 1976, Pages 745–751, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862124 Published: 01 April 1976 Article history Received: 27 October 1975 Published: 01 April 1976