gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exciton Regeneration at Polymeric Semiconductor Heterojunctions (2004)

Control of the band-edge offsets at heterojunctions between organic semiconductors allows efficient operation of either photovoltaic or light-emitting diodes. We investigate systems where the exciton is marginally stable against charge separation and show via E-field-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy that excitons that have undergone charge separation at a heterojunction can be efficiently regenerated. This is because the charge transfer produces a geminate electron-hole pair (separation 2.2-3.1 nm) which may collapse into an exciplex and then endothermically (E(A)=100-200 meV) back transfer towards the exciton.
Energy and thermal tradeoffs in hardware-based load balancing for clustered multi-core architectures implementing power gating (2008)

Multi-core processors featuring tens or hundreds of cores usually execute on-demand workloads where load balancing is applied to assign threads to cores (like in networking and e-commerce applications). Different load-balancing techniques may result in a distinct power, performance and thermal behavior of the architecture, specially when low-power techniques like power gating are applied to the cores. Power gating each individual core may be too expensive in terms of area (since each core needs to be physically isolated from its neighboring cores using isolation cells and guard bands), and performance (since a core needs to be woken up to execute the next request, incurring a latency penalty). Therefore, processor implementations of a multi-core architecture may choose to group several cores into clusters, where the whole cluster is power gated as opposed to the individual cores. In this work, a load-balancing technique for these clustered multi-core architectures is presented that provides both a low overhead in energy and an a smooth temperature distribution across the die, increasing the reliability of the processor by evenly stressing the cores.
Heart valve tissue engineering (2011)

Since current prosthetic heart valve replacements are costly, cause medical complications, and lack the ability to regenerate, tissue-engineered heart valves are an attractive alternative. These could provide an unlimited supply of immunological-tolerated biological substitutes, which respond to patients' physiological condition and grow with them. Since collagen is a major extra cellular matrix component of the heart valve, it is ideal material for constructing scaffolds. Collagen sources have been shown to influence the manufacturing of collagen scaffolds, and two commercial sources of collagen were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and Devro PLC for comparison. Consistencies between the collagens were shown in the primary and secondary structures of the collagen, while inconsistencies were shown at the tertiary level, when a higher level of natural crosslinking in the Sigma collagen and longer polymer chains in the Devro collagen were observed. These variations were reduced and the consistency increased by introducing crosslinking via dehydrothermal treatment (DHT). Collagen scaffolds produced via freeze-drying (FD) and critical point-drying with cross-linking via DHT or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide /N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) were investigated. All the scaffolds were compatible with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) according to the proliferation of the cells and their ability to produce ECM, without differentiating between osteogenic, chondrogenic or endothelial lineages. The FD EDC/NHS scaffold demonstrated the most suitable physical property of all. This result illustrates that FD EDC/NHS crosslinking is the most suitable scaffold investigated as a start for heart valve tissue engineering. To prepare a scaffold with a controlled local, spatial and temporal delivery of growth factor, a composite scaffold comprising poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres was developed. This composite scaffold demonstrated the same compatibility to the MSCs as untreated scaffold. However, the PLGA microspheres showed an increase in the deterioration rate of Young's modulus because of the detachment of the microspheres from the scaffold via cellular degradation.
Anti-Angiogenics: Current Situation and Future Perspectives (2018)

Angiogenesis, the process leading to the formation of new blood vessels, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Extensive studies established that i) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver of sprouting angiogenesis, ii) VEGF is overexpressed in most solid cancers, and iii) inhibition of VEGF can suppress tumor growth in animal models. This has led to the development of pharmacological agents for anti-angiogenesis to disrupt the vascular supply and starve the tumor of nutrients and oxygen, primarily through the blockade of VEGF/VEGF receptor signaling. This effort has resulted in 11 anti-VEGF drugs approved for certain advanced cancers, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies. However, inhibition of VEGF signaling is not effective in all cancers, and anti-angiogenics have often only limited impact on overall survival of cancer patients. This review focuses on the current status of FDA-approved anti-angiogenic antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors and summarizes the progress and future directions of VEGF-targeted therapy.
Phosphorus‐containing polyurethanes and copolyurethanes based on 1,2‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐bis(diethoxyphosphinyl)ethane (1984)

Abstract The reactions of 1,2‐dihydroxy‐1,2‐bis(diethoxyphosphinyl)ethane (DBE) with various diisocyanates, such as tolylene diisocyanate, methylenebis(4‐phenylisocyanate), and hexamethylene‐1,6‐diisocyanate, were studied for the synthesis of phosphorus‐containing polyurethanes. In addition, DBE and ethyleneglycol or butanediol‐1,4 were copolymerized with the diisocyanates. The synthesized poyurethanes were characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H‐NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Their thermal properties were compared with those of the corresponding common polyurethanes. The fire resistance of the copolyurethanes was evaluated by determining their limiting oxygen index and smoke evolution.
REALLY INTRIGUING, THAT PRED NP! * (2006)

In this paper, we investigate apparently non-sentential examples such as those in (1). 1 (1) a. Smart woman, your mother.
Biomarkers of Proteolytic Damage Following Traumatic Brain Injury (2004)

The history of numerous failed clinical trials designed to identify therapeutic agents to assist in improving outcomes after traumatic brain injury points to the critical importance of understanding biochemical markers of injury. Such biomarkers should be readily accessible, provide information specific to the pathologic disruptions occurring in the central nervous system, and allow improved monitoring of the progression of secondary damage. Additionally, these biomarkers should may provide investigators a window on the individual patient's response to treatment, and should contribute to prediction of outcome. Most research on this topic to date has focused on neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and S-100 proteins but these have not proven to be satisfactory for a variety of reasons. A different approach is provided by the study of 2 important proteases, caspase-3 and calpain. This paper reports the current state of knowledge concerning caspase and calpain as specific markers of TBI, and discusses all-spectrin, a principal substrate for both caspase and calpain, as well as initial findings regarding neurofilament 68 protein (NF-68).
Transforming Nano Metal Nonselective Particulates into Chemoselective Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Substituted Nitrobenzenes (2015)

The hydrogenation of nitro compounds is an industrial process that has experienced a renovated interest in the last 10 years due to the discovery of highly selective and environmentally friendly solid catalysts. Particularly, the performance of chemoselective reactions in the presence of very sensitive groups such as double and triple CC bonds, with H2 as reductant and no soluble additives needed, had been elusive for decades. The discovery that gold nanoparticles on solid supports could carry out such a reaction very selectively invigorated this area of research and claimed gold as an outstanding catalyst beyond oxidation processes. Subsequent work, devoted to understand how gold catalysts operate, established a strong basis for the design of more efficient materials and the development of new routes for the synthesis of nitro derivatives. Here, we present three generations of materials that allowed improving the performance of the original gold catalysts. The relatively low activity of the initial Au/TiO2 catalysts could be first boosted, without practical loss of selectivity, by the design of a material that incorporated two catalytic functions on the support: small amounts of platinum to enhance H2 dissociation and a greater amount of gold to activate the −NO2 group. Later, we learned how to control the catalytic structures and induce chemoselectivity to traditionally unselective metals such as platinum, ruthenium, and nickel nanoparticles. Recently, Fe2O3 nanoparticles surrounded by a nitrogen-doped carbon layer have erupted as a promising alternative. A remarkable outcome from all that work is that the final pool of catalytic alternatives has been markedly expanded. Diversity is important because different solutions may open new gates to different catalytic processes, and we summarize here how the scope of new reactions and products could be expanded by means of properly designed metal catalysts in which the support and metal work in a concerted way to direct the reaction toward the desired product. For example, whereas Au/TiO2 is a chemoselective catalyst that drives the reaction efficiently to the fully reduced reaction product (aniline), the reaction could be tuned to obtain azocompounds in high yields by using nanoparticulated ceria to support the gold nanoparticles. On the other hand, whereas nitrobenzenes and aldehydes react in H2 to afford imines in the presence of Au/TiO2, the product distribution can be switched toward a more oxidized condensation product (a nitrone) using a chemoselective Pt/C catalyst, or to produce cyclohexanone oxime directly from nitrobenzene by means of supported Au and Pd metal catalysts. These and other examples represent some notable achievements, which are possibly, just the tip of the iceberg.
Amino acids, peptides and proteins in organic chemistry (2009)

Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry , Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in Organic Chemistry , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
B7-Mediated Costimulation of CD4 T Cells Constrains Cytomegalovirus Persistence (2010)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) utilizes multiple strategies to modulate immunity and promote lifelong, persistent/latent infection, including suppressing T cell activation pathways. Here we examined the role of B7 costimulatory ligands in establishing immune détente from both the host and virus perspectives. Mice lacking both B7.1 and B7.2 showed reduced early expansion of CMV-specific CD4 T cells, consequently allowing for enhanced levels of persistent virus replication. In turn, a CMV mutant lacking expression of the m138 and m147.5 gene products, which restrict B7.1 and B7.2 expression in infected antigen-presenting cells, induced a more robust CD4 T cell response and showed decreased persistence. Together, these data reveal a requirement for B7-mediated signaling in regulating the CMV-specific CD4 T cell response and establishing host-virus equilibrium.
Small form factor pluggable optical transceiver module with extremely low power consumption for dense wavelength division multiplexing applications (2005)

An optical transceiver module for the dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) applications is successfully realized with so-called small form factor pluggable (SFP) platform that is well known as the smallest platform for 2.5.Gbps optical transceiver. The power consumption of DWDM-SFP modules we developed is reduced drastically, and that is 1.0 W maximum at the operating case temperature (Tc) range of -5 to 70 degC (for typical DWDM-SFP samples). This remarkable low power consumption is achieved by next three techniques which are a compact coaxial transmitter optical sub assembly (TOSA) package with a micro thermoelectric cooler (micro-TEC), a transceiver IC chip with many functions integrated therein and an unique structure which the TOSA is isolated from other heat sources.
Apoptotic Neuronal Cell Death Induced by the Non-fibrillar Amyloid-β Peptide Proceeds through an Early Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Cytoskeleton Perturbation (2003)

In the present study, we have determined the nature and the kinetics of the cellular events triggered by the exposure of cells to non-fibrillar amyloid-beta peptide (A beta). When cortical neurons were treated with low concentrations of soluble A beta (1-40), an early reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cytoskeleton disruption precedes caspase activation. Indeed, caspase activation and neuronal cell death were prevented by the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol. A perturbation of the microtubule network was noticeable after being exposed to A beta for 1 h, as revealed by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Microtubule disruption and neuronal cell death induced by A beta were inhibited in the presence of antioxidant molecules, such as probucol. These data highlight the critical role of ROS production in A beta-mediated cytoskeleton disruption and neuronal cell death. Finally, using FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching) analysis, we observed a time-dependent biphasic modification of plasma membrane fluidity, as early as microtubule disorganization. Interestingly, molecules that inhibited neurotubule perturbation and cell death did not affect the membrane destabilizing properties of A beta, suggesting that the lipid phase of the plasma membrane might represent the earliest target for A beta. Altogether our results convey the idea that upon interaction with the plasma membrane, the non-fibrillar A beta induces a rapid ROS-dependent disorganization of the cytoskeleton, which results in apoptosis.
An Aircraft Health Monitoring System using IOT (2016)

Objectives: we are propounding an Aircraft health monitoring system using IOT. Which will send the health status in real time to the base station and also predict product reliability. Methods/Statistical analysis: Basically we are replacing a black box in an Airbus with this system which continuously sends all the parameters read and computed by the sensors on board to the base station using IOT. It helps to make better decision in critical conditions and to keep record for further analysis. This system will also predict life span of an electronic device by using prognostic health management method. Findings: This study results in an effective system which is more reliable, economical and secured as much as internet since the IOT platform is used. The propended system measures the health status in real time the same will be updated to webpage. Application/Improvements: The proposed system can be improved by using high speed and reliable internet connection in aircraft and by using wireless sensor will give better efficiency and reduced weight.Keywords: Black Box, Flight Test Instrumentation, IOT, Prognostic Health Management, Wireless Sensor Network
The extra‐pancreatic effects of <scp>GLP‐1</scp> receptor agonists: a focus on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems (2013)

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exenatide, liraglutide and lixisenatide have been shown to improve glycaemic control and beta-cell function with a low risk of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 receptors are also expressed in extra-pancreatic tissues and trial data suggest that GLP-1RAs also have effects beyond their glycaemic actions. Preclinical studies using native GLP-1 or GLP-1RAs provide substantial evidence for cardioprotective effects, while clinical trial data have shown beneficial actions on hypertension and dyslipidaemia in people with type 2 diabetes. Significant weight loss has been reported with GLP-1RAs in both people with type 2 diabetes and obese people without diabetes. GLP-1RAs also slow down gastric emptying, but preclinical data suggest that the main mechanism behind GLP-1RA-induced weight loss is more likely to involve their effects on appetite signalling in the brain. GLP-1RAs have also been shown to exert a neuroprotective role in rodent models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These extra-pancreatic effects of GLP-1RAs could provide multi-factorial benefits to people with type 2 diabetes. Potential adverse effects of GLP-1RA treatment are usually manageable but may include gastrointestinal effects, increased heart rate and renal injury. While extensive further research is still required, early data suggest that GLP-1RAs may also have the potential to favourably impact cardiovascular disease, obesity or neurological disorders in people without diabetes in the future.
ARC-UI: Visualization Tool for Associative Classifiers (2008)

The classification of an unknown item based on a training data set is a key data mining task. An important part of this process that is often overlooked is the user's comprehension of the classifier and the results it produces. Associative classifiers begin to address this issue by using sets of simple rules to classify items. However, the size of these rule sets can be an obstacle to understandability. In this work, we present an interactive visualization system that allows the user to visualize various aspects of the classifier's decision process. This system shows the rules that are relevant to the classification of an item, the ways in which the item's characteristics relate to these rules, and connections between the item and the classifier's training data set. The system also contains a speculation component, which allows the user to modify rules within the classifier, and see the impact of these changes. Thus, this component allows the user to contribute domain expertise to the classification process, consequently improving the accuracy of the classifier.
Early, intensive statin treatment reduces ‘hard’ cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (2017)

Background Early, intensive statin treatment is the standard of care after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the benefit of this approach to prevent major adverse cardiovascular events has been demonstrated in only one randomised, placebo controlled trial. The Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) trial demonstrated that atorvastatin 80 mg daily, compared with placebo, reduced time to first occurrence of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or hospitalisation for unstable angina (stroke not included) during the 16 week period following ACS. However, there were no significant effects on individual components of the composite endpoint except unstable angina. This led some to question whether early, intensive statin treatment reduces 'hard' events after ACS. Aim The burden of coronary heart disease after ACS, and therefore the efficacy of its treatment, depends not only on the occurrence of one ischaemic event, but rather on cumulative events experienced by patients. Accordingly, we conducted a post-hoc analysis of the MIRACL trial to examine the effect of atorvastatin on first as well as recurrent (i.e. total) hard cardiovascular events after ACS (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and resuscitated cardiac arrest). Methods and Results In the 3086 patients who comprised the MIRACL trial, atorvastatin 80 mg did not reduce time to first hard event compared with placebo (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.72-1.10, P = 0.27). However, atorvastatin significantly reduced total hard events (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.97, P = 0.03). To prevent one hard event during the 16 weeks following ACS, only 11 patient-years of treatment with atorvastatin were required. Conclusion Early, intensive treatment with atorvastatin is an efficient intervention to reduce hard cardiovascular events after ACS.
Trends in end-user training (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Trends in end-user training: a research agenda Authors: Fred Niederman Management Information Systems Area, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland Management Information Systems Area, University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MarylandView Profile , Jane Webster Department of Management Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Department of Management Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGCPR '98: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGCPR conference on Computer personnel researchJune 1998 Pages 224–232https://doi.org/10.1145/279179.279214Published:01 June 1998Publication History 8citation870DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads870Last 12 Months23Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Parallel Optimal Reactive Power Flow Based on Cooperative Co-Evolutionary Differential Evolution and Power System Decomposition (2007)

Differential evolution (DE) is a promising evolutionary algorithm for solving optimal reactive power flow problems, but it requires relatively large population to avoid premature convergence. In order to overcome this disadvantage, a novel decomposition and coordination method based on the cooperative co-evolutionary architecture and the voltage-var sensitivity-based power system decomposition technique is proposed and incorporated with DE in this paper. It is implemented with a three-level parallel computing topology on a PC-cluster. Based on the IEEE 118-bus system test case, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by comparison with the parallel basic DE not using the decomposition and coordination technique
An interval-based approach to exhaustive and incremental interprocedural data-flow analysis (1990)

We reformulate interval analysis so that it can he applied to any monotone data-flow problem, including the nonfast problems of flow-insensitive interprocedural analysis. We then develop an incremental interval analysis technique that can be applied to the same class of problems. When applied to flow-insensitive interprocedural data-flow problems, the resulting algorithms are simple, practical, and efficient. With a single update, the incremental algorithm can accommodate any sequence of program changes that does not alter the structure of the program call graph. It can also accommodate a large class of structural changes. For alias analysis, we develop an incremental algorithm that obtains the exact solution as computed by an exhaustive algorithm. Finally, we develop a transitive closure algorithm that is particularly well suited to the very sparse matrices associated with the problems we address.