gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic ingestion of bisphenol A decreases the cholinergically evoked and spontaneous contractions of rat uterus in vitro (2017)

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in the manufacture of plastics, has toxic effects on reproductive, developmental, and metabolic systems. It is implicated as a causative factor for infertility. The uterine and tubal contractility play a vital role in fertilization and implantation of zygote. The chronic exposure to BPA on myometrial contractions is not known. 

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of chronic ingestion of BPA on rat uterine contractions evoked by acetylcholine. 

Materials and Methods: Rats weighing 90-150 g were fed BPA (2 μg/kg/day) or placebo containing pellets (time-matched control; TMC) orally for 28 days. The contractility of the uterus was also assessed in group of rats at the beginning (initial control [IC]). After 28 days, animals showing estrous phase were chosen for in vitro recording of uterine contractions (35 ± 1°C). Evoked contractions to different concentrations of acetylcholine were recorded followed by the effect on spontaneous contractions. 

Results: Acetylcholine evoked uterine contractions in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The contractions were similar in magnitude in IC and TMC. The uterus from BPA-fed animal exhibited decreased responsiveness to acetylcholine-evoked contractions as compared to TMC. In the presence of acetylcholine, frequency and force of spontaneous contractions increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, in BPA-fed group, the frequency and force of spontaneous contractions were significantly attenuated. 

Conclusions: The results indicate that chronic exposure to BPA decreased the acetylcholine-evoked contractions as well as the spontaneous uterine contractions. The decreased contractility may account for the infertility seen after exposure to BPA.
Regional and genotypic differences in stromal-vascular cells from obese and lean Zucker rats. (1988)

LPL activity, total lipogenesis and rates of growth were determined for stromal-vascular cells derived from epididymal and inguinal depots of 13 1/2-week-old obese and lean Zucker rats. LPL activity, in cells of both depots, was found to increase between days 4 and 6 and decrease by day 8 in the presence of insulin. Inguinal derived fatty cell LPL activity increased between days 4 and 8 in contrast to lean cells which peaked at day 6 under basal growth conditions. LPL activity was elevated in fatty versus lean cells at days 6 and 8 in inguinal derived stromal vascular cells while in epididymal derived stromal vascular cells, LPL activity was elevated in lean versus fatty derived cells at day 4 and 6 but by day 8 the genotypic effect was reversed. Lipogenesis was elevated in lean versus fatty derived epididymal and inguinal cells at all concentrations of insulin and lean cells showed a dose-dependent response to insulin in contrast to fatty cells. There were no effects of genotype on the proliferative capacity of cells from either depot but some regional differences in growth were observed. These data illustrate that fa gene effects can be studied in primary cell culture.
Expression of Ebolavirus glycoprotein on the target cells enhances viral entry (2009)

Our data suggests that GP2 mediated trans enhancement of virus fusion occurs via a mechanism analogous to eukaryotic membrane fusion processes involving specific trans oligomerization and cooperative interaction of fusion mediators. These findings have important implications in our current understanding of virus entry and superinfection interference.
Smart vehicle accident detection and alarming system using a smartphone (2015)

Vehicle accident is the paramount thread for the people's life which causes a serious wound or even dead. The automotive companies have made lots of progress in alleviating this thread, but still the probability of detrimental effect due to an accident is not reduced. Infringement of spFieed is one of the elementary reasons for a vehicle accident. Therewithal, external pressure and change of tilt angle with road surface blameworthy for this mishap. As soon as the emergency service could divulge about an accident, the more the effect would be mitigated. For this purpose, we developed an Android based application that detects an accidental situation and sends emergency alert message to the nearest police station and health care center. This application is integrated with an external pressure sensor to extract the outward force of the vehicle body. It measures speed and change of tilt angle with GPS and accelerometer sensors respectively on Android phone. By checking conditions, this application also capable of reducing the rate of false alarm.
Novel control strategy for single-phase to three-phase power converter using an active buffer (2009)

A novel single-to-three-phase power converter that allows a smaller smoothing capacitor in the DC link is proposed. Large smoothing capacitors are conventionally required in such converters to absorb power ripple at twice the frequency of the power supply. The proposed topology consists of an indirect matrix converter and an active snubber to absorb the power ripple, and does not require a reactor or large smoothing capacitor. The fundamental operations of the proposed converter are confirmed through simulations and experiments.
Monocular hyperrealistic virtual and augmented reality display (2014)

We proposed and developed a novel monocular hyper- realistic Head-Dome Projector: MHDP for an amusement application and a novel monocular windshield augmented reality projector: WARP for AR and head-up display (HUD) applications. They use monocular vision that eliminates the depth cues caused by binocular parallax information. Our developed MHDP and WARP system achieved a high hyper-reality performance with free depth perception and high visibility.
Lightning protection systems: advantages and disadvantages (2002)

The mechanics and interaction of lightning producing thunder clouds and earth, are discussed. Compared to the Franklin Air Terminal (rod) and Faraday Cage, the debatable advantages and disadvantages of the Early Streamer Emission Enhanced Ionizing Air Terminal, and Multipoint Discharge Systems, are examined along with conceptual future methods of lightning protection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIV-1 immunogen induction of HIV-1-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (1994)

The minimum dose of the HIV-1 immunogen in IFA required to induce HIV-1 DTH relative to the IFA control group was 100 micrograms in this patient population.
Sialidase activities of cultured human fibroblasts and the metabolism of GM3 ganglioside. (1988)

Free sialic acid has been found in the cell-conditioned medium of human foreskin fibroblasts. It is proposed that the accumulation of extracellular sialic acid may result from the hydrolysis of GM3 ganglioside on the cell surface of these fibroblasts. Sialidase activities with GM3 ganglioside and sialyllactitol as substrates were demonstrated in cell-conditioned medium, and the levels of their activities correlated positively with cell density. The GM3 sialidase activity at pH 4.5 was 4.1 and 38 pmol/h/ml of medium at sparse and confluent densities, respectively; the corresponding activities with sialyllactitol as the substrate were 12 and 75 pmol/h/ml of medium (pH 4.5). The pH versus activity profiles with GM3 as the substrate suggested the presence of a second sialidase with an optimal activity at pH 6.5 in the conditioned medium of preconfluent cells. This activity was virtually absent in the medium of contact-inhibited cells and could not be assayed with sialyllactitol as the substrate. The turnover of cell surface GM3 was assessed by pulse labeling human foreskin fibroblasts with a radioactive precursor of sialic acid ([1-14C]N-acetylmannosamine) and a radioactive precursor of ceramide ([3,3-3H2]serine). During a chase period of 24 h turnover of the doubly labeled cellular GM3 was observed; there was a loss of about 35% of the 14C-labeled sialic acid without any measureable loss of 3H-labeled ceramide from GM3. We have speculated that the enzyme-catalyzed removal of sialic acid from the GM3 ganglioside on the extracellular aspect of the plasma membrane may be a necessary event involved in the modulation of cell growth.
<i>Glomus intraradices</i> induces changes in root system architecture of rice independently of common symbiosis signaling (2009)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize the roots of most monocotyledons and dicotyledons despite their different root architecture and cell patterning. Among the cereal hosts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Oryza sativa (rice) possesses a peculiar root system composed of three different types of roots: crown roots; large lateral roots; and fine lateral roots. Characteristic is the constitutive formation of aerenchyma in crown roots and large lateral roots and the absence of cortex from fine lateral roots. Here, we assessed the distribution of colonization by Glomus intraradices within this root system and determined its effect on root system architecture. Large lateral roots are preferentially colonized, and fine lateral roots are immune to arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Fungal preference for large lateral roots also occurred in sym mutants that block colonization of the root beyond rhizodermal penetration. Initiation of large lateral roots is significantly induced by G. intraradices colonization and does not require a functional common symbiosis signaling pathway from which some components are known to be needed for symbiosis-mediated lateral root induction in Medicago truncatula. Our results suggest variation of symbiotic properties among the different rice root-types and induction of the preferred tissue by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Furthermore, signaling for arbuscular mycorrhizal-elicited alterations of the root system differs between rice and M. truncatula.
Maximum entropy models for named entity recognition (2003)

In this paper, we describe a system that applies maximum entropy (ME) models to the task of named entity recognition (NER). Starting with an annotated corpus and a set of features which are easily obtainable for almost any language, we first build a baseline NE recognizer which is then used to extract the named entities and their context information from additional non-annotated data. In turn, these lists are incorporated into the final recognizer to further improve the recognition accuracy.
<title>SiOxNy:H, high-performance antireflective layer for current and future optical lithography</title> (1994)

A new high performance anti-reflective layer (ARL) for the i-line, KrF, and even for the ArF excimer laser lithography has been developed. It makes the KrF excimer laser (248 nm) lithography into a robust mass production tool beyond 2nd generation of 64 MDRAM class devices, and simultaneously the ArF excimer laser (193 nm) into a promising candidate for a 1 GDRAM class lithography tool. This new ARL, whose material is a type of hydrogenated silicon oxynitride film (SiOxNy:H), can be applied to both the various high reflective substrates by controlling the deposition conditions and the chemically amplified photoresist without pattern degradation caused by film compositions. On the actual device structures, notching effects by halation are completely reduced with these SiOxNy:H films as an ARL. Moreover, these SiOxNy:H films can be left in the device structure.
Research on the lead-acid battery and ultra-capacitor energy storing system of motor vehicles regenerative braking (2012)

The lead-acid battery and ultra-capacitor energy system which is combined with a two quadrant DC/DC converter is investigated. The simplified equivalent circuit model is built; also an energy flow model of the duplex energy storing system is established based on system energy flow. The simulation is carried out under Matlab/Simulink, and the HIL (hardware-in-loop) test is accomplished on the regenerative braking system test bench. The result indicated that the reclaimed energy with duplex energy storing system is much larger than separated one of them, and the use of duplex energy storing system is better for optimizing management of regenerative braking.
Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase signalling (2016)

The migration and reepithelization of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are the most critical processes in wound healing. The gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) has multiple biological effects, but its actions on ESCs are poorly understood. In this study, an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), was found to facilitate the in vitro migration of human ESCs (huESCs) in both live-imaging and scratch models. In addition, pull-down assays demonstrated that SNAP could activate the small GTPases RhoA and Rac1 of the Rho family, but not Cdc42. Moreover, the effects of SNAP on the migration and F-actin polymerization of ESCs could be blocked by inhibitors of cGMP, PKG, RhoA or Rac1, and by a specific siRNA of RhoA or Rac1, but not by a Cdc42 inhibitor or siRNA. Furthermore, the roles of NO in ESC migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase signalling in vivo were confirmed by tracing 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelled cells in a superficial, partial-thickness scald mouse model. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the NO donor SNAP could promote huESC migration in vitro. Furthermore, NO was found to induce ESC migration via cGMP-Rho GTPase RhoA and Rac1 signalling, but not Cdc42 signalling, both in vivo and in vitro.
Mitochondrial myopathies (1994)

Major new advances in the genetic and biochemical characterization of mitochondrial myopathies are discussed, within a general presentation of this important new area of human pathology. Mitochondrial disorders can be due to mutations in either nuclear or mitochondrial genes involved in the synthesis of individual respiratory chain subunits or in their posttranslational control. Although no mutations of nuclear-encoded oxidative phosphorylation subunits have been reported so far in humans, numerous biochemically defined disorders are attributed to nuclear gene defects. In contrast, molecular lesions of mitochondrial DNA are recognized as an increasingly frequent cause of defective oxidative phosphorylation. Numerous new mutations recently have been identified, including both maternally inherited point mutations and sporadic large-scale rearrangements. In addition, the identification of new or overlap syndromes has substantially broadened the clinical spectrum of mitochondrial disorders. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of these disorders, the relationship between specific clinical presentations and the mitochondrial genotype has been intensively investigated. In most cases, the phenotypic expression of the mitochondrial DNA mutations depends on the interplay among the relative amount of mutated vs wild-type genomes, ie, the degree of mitochondrial heteroplasmy and its tissue and cell distribution, the reliance of the affected tissues on aerobic energy supply, the age and gender of the individual, and other still poorly understood factors including individual "nuclear genetic background" and environmental factors.
A case of septic abortion – Unusual Presentation - (2014)

Septic abortion is one of the most important causes of Maternal Mortality Rate(MMR) accounting for 13% with incidence of bowel injury varying between 5-18%. Most of the women are unmarried primigravidas with age of less than 25yrs. These abortions impede the nation in achieving the targets of Millennium Developmental goal (MDG)-5.[1]. An 18 year old unmarried girl has been diagnosed as septic abortion with uterine & bowel perforations amd successfully managed. As Millenium Developmental goal -5 clearly emphasizes on improvement on maternal mortality with one of the targets being reducing unsafe abortions; prompt diagnosis of complications and their management at tertiary care centers would avoid serious consequences.
HNM-based MFCC+F0 extractor applied to statistical speech synthesis (2011)

Currently, the statistical framework based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) plays a relevant role in speech synthesis, while voice conversion systems based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) are almost standard. In both cases, statistical modeling is applied to learn distributions of acoustic vectors extracted from speech signals, each vector containing a suitable parametric representation of one speech frame. The overall performance of the systems is often limited by the accuracy of the underlying speech parameterization and reconstruction method. The method presented in this paper allows accurate MFCC extraction and high-quality reconstruction of speech signals assuming a Harmonics plus Noise Model (HNM). Its suitability for high-quality HMM-based speech synthesis is shown through subjective tests.
Rapid Detection of Rifampicin- and Isoniazid-Resistant<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>by High-Resolution Melting Analysis (2010)

We have developed a high-resolution melting (HRM) assay to scan for mutations in the rpoB, inhA, ahpC, and katG genes and/or promoter regions for the detection of rifampin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For assay development, 23 drug-resistant isolates of M. tuberculosis having 29 different mutations, together with 40 drug-susceptible isolates, were utilized. All 29 mutations were accurately detected by our assay. We further validated the assay with a series of 59 samples tested in a blind manner. All sequence alterations that were within the regions targeted by the HRM assay were correctly identified. Compared against results of DNA sequencing, the sensitivity and specificity of our HRM assay were 100%. For the blinded samples, the specificities and sensitivities were 89.3% and 100%, respectively, for detecting rifampin resistance and 98.1% and 83.3%, respectively, for detecting isoniazid resistance, as isolates with mutations in regions not encompassed by our assay were not detected. A C-to-T sequence alteration at position -15 of the ahpC regulatory region, which was previously reported to be associated with isoniazid resistance, may possibly be a polymorphism, as it was detected in an isoniazid-susceptible M. tuberculosis isolate. HRM is a rapid, accurate, simple, closed-tube, and low-cost method. It is thus an ideal assay to be used in countries with a high prevalence of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and where cost-effectiveness is essential. As a mutation-scanning assay for detecting drug-resistant M. tuberculosis, it can potentially lead to better treatment outcomes resulting from earlier treatment with the appropriate antibiotics.
A Nonadjuvanted Transcutaneous Tetanus Patch Is Effective in Boosting Anti-Tetanus Toxoid Immune Responses (2013)

Dry tetanus toxoid (TTx) patches were formulated without any adjuvant, with excipients to impart antigen stabilization and to enhance skin delivery. The booster effects of the TTx patches were assessed using a guinea pig model. The study revealed significant rises in TTx IgG titers induced by the TTx patches after a low-dose subcutaneous (s.c.) prime with TTx adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. The TTx patch can therefore be considered an effective alternative to a subcutaneous booster.
Genetic and cytological analyses of a partial‐female‐sterile mutant (PS‐1) in soybean (<i>Glycine max;</i> Leguminosae) (1997)

Soybean partial-female-sterile mutant 1 (PS-1) was recovered from a gene-tagging study. The objectives were to study the inheritance, linkage, allelism, and certain aspects of the reproductive biology of the PS-1 mutant. For inheritance and linkage tests, PS-1 was crossed to flower color mutant Harosoy-w4 and to chlorophyll-deficient mutant CD-1, also recovered from the gene-tagging study. For allelism tests, reciprocal crosses were made with PS-1 and three other partial-sterile mutants (PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4) recovered from the same gene-tagging study. The PS-1 mutant is inherited in a 3:1 ratio and is a single recessive gene. Linkage results indicated that the gene for partial sterility in PS-1 is not linked either to the w4 locus or to the CD-1 locus. Allelism tests showed that the gene in PS-1 is nonallelic to the gene in PS-2, PS-3, and PS-4. Investigations of developing and mature pollen indicated no differences in morphology, stainability, or fluorescence between normal and partial-sterile genotypes. The PS-1 mutant is completely male fertile. Confocal scanning laser microscopy was used to determine that early embryo abortion in PS-1 is due indirectly to abnormal migration of the fused polar nucleus, which prevented it from being fertilized. Subsequent absence of endosperm development leads directly to abortion of the proembryo.
Milliwatt mixer for small fluid samples (1991)

Mixing without excessive heating is sometimes needed for temperature-sensitive fluids. We modified an inexpensive low-frequency electronic filter based on a mechanical resonator to produce a compact (16 mm) and low-power (1–3 mW) mixer for low viscosity fluids. Tests made in air and methanol at room temperature and in fluoroform near its critical point are compared against the predictions of an electromechanical model.
Industrial X-ray Computed Tomography Scanners (2017)

This chapter provides a new larger set of system groups which are categorized by clear definitions and encompass almost any of the existing industrial computed tomography (iCT) scanners worldwide. Contrary to the medical scanner, standard iCT machines rotate the object, allowing for a much simpler computed tomography (CT) system setup requiring only one sample rotation stage. While the X-ray system components in macro-CT are strictly limited to conventional or rotating anodes, as well as to large area detectors, the mechanics of such systems sometimes deviate a lot from the typical axial scan. Micro-CT scans may be applied to investigate glass fiber plastic composites or aluminum castings, in search of cracks and pores. In view of the less stringent requirements on the X-ray source, the overall system costs for a detector-based sub-μ CT system are significantly lower than for equivalent source-based systems.
Design of wheel modules for non-holonomic, omnidirectional mobile robots in context of the emerging control problems (2022)

In the future, service robots will work in various applications in domestic, public and industrial environments, for example as household assistants or for inspection tasks in production plants. To fulfil complex tasks in natural surroundings these robots will need a high manoeuvrability and flexibility. In order to allow robot platforms to robustly navigate in narrow environments, highly integrated flexible drive modules are necessary together with a control concept that ensures a high manoeuvrability and allows intuitive steering. This paper discusses the design guidelines, advantages and drawbacks of the proposed wheel modules in context with the arising control problem. An overview on the different concepts is provided together with a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the proposed system.
Global Governance and International Financial Institutions (2011)

The problem of developing countries' representation in all international financial institutions (IFIs) is that little has changed since 1945 in terms of how the structure of authority and power is constituted. This article reviews the distribution of power of the IFIs and suggests an alternative approach to integrate internal decision processes of member states with international decision processes of the IFIs in support ofglobal governance.