gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosurgical Debridement Facilitates Healing of Chronic Skin Ulcers (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Thermal Denaturation of Plasmid DNA Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (2002)

(50 ng/ml) Plasmid DNA solutions were heated at different temperatures, and thermal denaturation of plasmid DNA was directly observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). At room temperature DNA shows some open circular and supercoiled structure on the surface of new cleaved mica. When temperature was increased above 50°C, DNA molecules were partly denatured and the AFM images show globule structure inside the DNA chains. The globule structure resulted from a separation of double-strands into single ones with a subsequently coil-to-globule transition or intrachain recombination of base pairs. Above 80°C DNA appeared as granular structure, which came from complete denaturation and collapse of single strands. At 100°C DNA took place degradation into pieces. AFM studies also show that thermal denaturation of heterogeneous DNA is a multistep process with A–T base pairs separated first and G–C ones latter.
Complete Cure of Persistent Virus Infections by Antiviral siRNAs (2005)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been developed as antiviral agents for mammalian cells. The capacity of specific siRNAs to prevent virus infections has been demonstrated, and there is evidence that these new antiviral agents could have a partial therapeutic effect a few days after infection. We investigated the possibility of curing a persistent infection, several months after becoming established, using an in vitro model of persistent poliovirus (PV) infection in HEp-2 cells. Despite high virus titers and the presence of PV mutants, repeated treatment with a mixture of two siRNAs targeting both noncoding and coding regions, one of them in a highly conserved region, resulted in the complete cure of the majority of persistently infected cultures. No escape mutants emerged in treated cultures. The antiviral effect of specific siRNAs, consistent with a mechanism of RNA interference, correlated with a decrease in the amount of viral RNA, until its complete disappearance, resulting in cultures cured of virions and viral RNA.
Measuring films on and below polycrystalline silicon using reflectometry (1991)

Visible and ultraviolet light reflectometry provides a fast, convenient, and nondestructive method of characterizing multilayer film structures that include polycrystalline silicon. Reflectance measurements of silicon wafers containing such films have provided information as to the roughness of the poly surface, the thickness of the films, and the optical properties of the poly.
Monte Carlo simulation of gain, noise, and speed of low-noise and high-speed avalanche photodiodes (2003)

A Monte Carlo simulation model is developed. The low-noise behavior of\nAlGaAs/GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is successfully simulated and is\nexplained as spatial localization of impact ionization events. The noise is sensitive\nto initial carrier energy and we point out that energetic and hot electrons should be\ndistinguished. This model also successfully explains the measured exponential\ngain curve and “noiseless” behavior of HgCdTe APDs. I demonstrate that this\nmodel can aid the design of high-speed InGaAs/InAlAs APDs. Model parameters\nare constrained with low-temperature measurements of APD gain and noise in\nthis work. I have also suggested a new shot noise suppression mechanism\nassociated with multiplication gain.
The divergent domains of the NEFA and nucleobindin proteins are derived from an EF-hand ancestor (1996)

The human protein NEFA (DNA binding, EF-hand, Acidic region) has previously been isolated from a KM3 cell line and immunolocalized on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasma, and in the culture medium. Sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding NEFA identified a hydrophilic domain, two EF-hands, and a leucine zipper at the C-terminus. These characters are shared with nucleobindin (Nuc). In this paper we have further characterized NEFA and probed its evolutionary origins. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of recombinant NEFA indicated a helical content of 51% and showed that the EF-hands are capable of binding Ca2+. Experiments with recombinant NEFA and synthesized peptides revealed that the leucine zipper cannot form a homodimer. The leucine zipper may allow heterodimer formation of NEFA and an unknown protein. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that this protein is derived from a four-domain EF-hand ancestor with subsequent duplications and fusions. The leucine zipper and putative DNA-binding domains of NEFA have evolved secondarily from existing EF-hand sequences. These analyses provide insights into how complex proteins may originate and trace the precursor of NEFA to the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
Control of Wild Carrot Somatic Embryo Development by Antioxidants (1987)

As we previously reported for glutathione (GSH), both ascorbic acid (AA) and vitamin E were observed to suppress wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) somatic embryogenesis with little concomitant effect on biomass. Endogenous concentrations of AA were lower during embryo development than during cell proliferation, exhibiting a temporal pattern nearly identical to that of GSH. GSSG (oxidized GSH) reductase was found to be considerably more active in proliferating than in developing cultures, whereas no difference was evident in the case of dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase. Both GSH and AA concentrations in these cells are governed by 2,4-D. These results show that redox status is a strong determinant of proliferative versus developmental growth and indicate that the mode of action of 2,4-D in this system may be explained at least in part by its influence on endogenous antioxidant levels.
The Persecution of Stones: War Crimes, Law's Autonomy and the Co-optation of Cultural Heritage (2019)

In 1567, a bridge was built over a river in Bosnia-a bridge widely seen as a work of great beauty. In 1993, it was destroyed in a war. What did its destruction mean? Was it a crime-and which one? An assault on culture-and whose? Between 2004 and 2017, a trial held in The Hague sought to answer these questions. The way it did-the assumptions and categories the prosecutors and judges deployed, the choices they made-tells us something important about how law operates and how it appropriates other bodies of knowledge, whether in a now-obscure Balkan conflict or on the battlefields today’s courts confront.\nOur inquiry begins with an interesting puzzle: why didn't the prosecution of the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal charge the most obvious crime-destruction of an historical monument? The answer turns out to be obvious too, but the path by which that obvious answer was reached and what happened after-was complicated in ways that tell us something even more interesting about what law does to the events and values it is supposed to serve. It also tells us something about what law can and cannot do in responding to the horrors and complexities of war. In answering questions about a cultural monument's destruction, a war crimes tribunal, in its own, autonomous way, turned a beautiful bridge into something very different.
Application of feedforward and recurrent neural networks to chemical plant predictive modeling (2002)

The authors explore the use of backpropagation and recurrent backpropagation neural networks for the indentification of the dynamics of a chemical process. The authors build predictive models for plant variables and compare the performance of the feedforward and recurrent neural networks on this prediction problem. The authors also consider the training efficiency of two recurrent backpropagation learning laws-namely, R.J. Williams, and D. Zipser's teacher forced learning law (1989) and F.S. Tsung's law (1991). In this study, the Tsung law performed significantly better (faster learning speed and lower ultimate error level) than the teacher forced learning law.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Senile plaques do not induce susceptibility effects in <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>*‐weighted MR microscopic images (2002)

Abstract Senile plaques are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. They typically range from 16 to 150 µm in size with most less than 25 µm. Mechanisms by which they might affect MR contrast and thus be made visible in this imaging modality are still unknown. Plausibility studies suggested that they might have a different magnetic susceptibility than surrounding tissue. A large difference would cause the plaque and a relatively large volume of adjacent tissue to be hypo‐intense in T 2 *‐weighted MRI scans, thus causing them to appear larger than their actual sizes and perhaps visible even when their size is below the nominal resolution limit of the imaging experiment. To evaluate this hypothesis, formalin‐fixed superior temporal gyrus samples obtained from two Alzheimer's disease and two control subjects were imaged using magnetic resonance microscopy at 11.7 T. Three dimensional T 2 *‐weighted gradient echo images were recorded with an isotropic resolution of 23.4 µm. The imaging protocol was especially sensitive to susceptibility effects. Samples were then stained for amyloid and/or iron deposits. Hypo‐ and hyper‐intense structures were clearly visible in MR images from all samples. Hyper‐intense structures reflected fixative penetration within the vascular system. Almost all the hypo‐intense structures were blood vessels. Their hypo‐intense profile was probably caused by iron deposits associated with the cell aggregates that they contained. Only one hypo‐intense spot could be matched with a plaque and this was one of the largest plaques in our samples. The remainder of the several hundred plaques were not visible in MR images. In histological slices the senile plaques were often larger than small blood vessels that were visible in the MR images. This suggests that susceptibility effects are not associated with senile plaques and do not provide a mechanism to differentiate them from surrounding tissue. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple-pulse laser dynamic forming of metallic thin films for microscale three dimensional shapes (2010)

Laser dynamic forming (LDF) is a novel high energy rate microfabrication technique, which makes use of the shock pressure induced by laser to generate dynamic high strain rate three dimensional (3D) forming of thin films. In LDF process, a high shock pressure accelerates the workpiece to a high velocity and deforms it into complex 3D shapes. The forming velocity of the workpiece imparted by a single laser pulse with high energy may exceed the critical forming velocity of the material, and thus causing it to fracture. This problem is more severe when 3D structure of large aspect ratio needs to be formed. To overcome this problem, multiple-pulse LDF is investigated in this study. The total laser energy is evenly distributed in different laser pulses to keep the forming velocity below the critical forming velocity of the material. The effects of the multiple-pulse LDF on the deformation behavior of ultrathin foils are investigated. The deformation depth and thickness variation distribution of the formed 3D features are characterized to reveal these effects. In addition, the effects of vacuum conditions on multiple-pulse LDF process are carried out. It is found that the bounce off of the foil can be effectively reduced by multiple-pulse LDF and the final shape could be controlled much more accurately. By extending single pulse LDF to multiple-pulse LDF, the forming capability of LDF is further enhanced, and thus enlarges the applicable range of this technique.
Sulfate Uptake in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> : Biochemical and Genetic Study (1977)

Sulfate uptake is the first step of the sulfate assimilation pathway, which has been shown in our laboratory to be part of the methionine biosynthetic pathway. Kinetic study of sulfate uptake has shown a biphasic curve in a Lineweaver-Burk plot. The analysis of this plot indicates that two enzymes participate in sulfate uptake. One (permease I) has a high affinity for the substrate (K(m) = 0.005 mM); the other (permease II) shows a much lower affinity for sulfate (K(m) = 0.35 mM). Regulation of the synthesis of both permeases is under the control of exogenous methionine or S-adenosylmethionine. It was shown, moreover, that synthesis of sulfate permeases is coordinated with the synthesis of the other methionine biosynthetic enzymes thus far studied in our laboratory. An additional specific regulation of sulfate permeases by inhibition of their activity by endogenous sulfate and adenosyl phosphosulfate (an intermediate metabolite in sulfate assimilation) has been shown. A mutant unable to concentrate sulfate has been selected. This strain carried mutations in two independent genes. These two mutations, separated in two different strains, lead to modified kinetics of sulfate uptake. The study of these strains leads us to postulate that there is an interaction in situ between the products of these two genes.
TU-A-201B-03: Dose Reduction and Image Quality Benefits Using Model Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) Technique for Computed Tomography (2010)

Purpose: To demonstrate the image-quality benefits and potential for significant dose reduction with Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) technique incorporating physical model of computed tomography (CT) systems. Method and Materials: A model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate with edge-preserving prior, has been developed for x-ray CT image reconstruction. It utilizes a more accurate physical model of the imaging chain accounting for system-optics, noise and non-idealities in the data, hence improves image quality compared to conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) at significantly reduced dose levels. In this work, a GE multi-slice CT system was used to acquire a set of multi-dose data and standard FBP reconstruction. For resolution assessment, a Catphan600® phantom was scanned at three dose levels (40, 20, and 10 mGy with 120kVp spectrum), and images were reconstructed using two methods: FBP with ASiR, and the MBIR. For artifact and image-quality evaluations, an anthropomorphic CT abdomen phantom (Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd) was scanned at four dose levels (120kVp spectrum with 225, 112, 54, and 27 mAs), and a comparative image-quality study between standard FBP and MBIR in slice and multi-planar reformat (MPR) modes was made. In addition, few clinical case studies were also used to compare the imaging performance in actual clinical data. Results: From the resolution study, we found that even at 1/4th dose, MBIR images have improved resolution at significantly reduced noise compared to standard state-of-the-art FBP with ASiR. Use of ASIR provides up to 50% dose reduction with equivalent FBP image-quality. For anthropomorphic phantom, even below 1/8th dose, MBIR images outperformed the corresponding FBP images in both, slice and MPR modes, demonstrating immense potential for dose reduction, yet improved image quality, in clinical CT. Conclusion: Results of the MBIR method demonstrated significant potential for dose reduction and image-quality improvements in clinical CT.
DEGRADATION RATE OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS BY OZONE (1985)

Water-soluble polymers were degraded by ozone, and the degradation rate defined by the change of weight average polymerization degree per unit time was obtained. The degradation rate of poly(oxyethylene) (PEG) was proportional to the 1.5 to 2.0 power of the polymerization degree, and was 20 to 60 times that of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). The experimental results of PEG and PAAm were correlated as a function of polymerization degree, temperature, dissolved ozone concentration and OH− ion concentration. The degradation rate of poly(sodium acrylate)(PANa) was proportional to the 2.0 power of the polymerization degree when no other electrolyte was added. However, the degradation rate of PANa decreased with the increase in NaCl concentration, and approached that of PAAm in the range of high NaCl concentrations.
Citizen Participation in the Process of Making District Plan in Tokyo Metropolitan Area (1998)

In this article we focused on the phase of citizen participation of District Plan. To recognize the participatory process in District plans those are put into practice, the questionnaire is distributed to the city planning bureau of 23 words, Tokyo. 19 cases are checked out as those citizen participation is active. We interviewed to the officers to grasp the interaction between local government and residents. Conclusions are as follows: 1. District Plan is used in various areas to encounter diverse issues 2. Citizen participation is also observed in broad range both style and level. 3. From 19 cases study, however the role of residents also shows various patterns, local government policy for the participation has influenced to residents' role.
Air/water interfacial assembled rubbery semiconducting nanofilm for fully rubbery integrated electronics (2020)

A rubber-like stretchable semiconductor with high carrier mobility is the most important yet challenging material for constructing rubbery electronics and circuits with mechanical softness and stretchability at both microscopic (material) and macroscopic (structural) levels for many emerging applications. However, the development of such a rubbery semiconductor is still nascent. Here, we report the scalable manufacturing of high-performance stretchable semiconducting nanofilms and the development of fully rubbery transistors, integrated electronics, and functional devices. The rubbery semiconductor is assembled into a freestanding binary-phased composite nanofilm based on the air/water interfacial assembly method. Fully rubbery transistors and integrated electronics, including logic gates and an active matrix, were developed, and their electrical performances were retained even when stretched by 50%. An elastic smart skin for multiplexed spatiotemporal mapping of physical pressing and a medical robotic hand equipped with rubbery multifunctional electronic skin was developed to show the applications of fully rubbery-integrated functional devices.
Microscopy, electrochemistry, and conductivity analyzer (MECA) payload on Mars '07 Phoenix lander (2005)

The Mars environmental compatibility assessment (MECA), originally sponsored by NASA's Human Exploration and Development of Space Office, was planned to be launched as payload on the 2001 Mars surveyor lander which was cancelled as a result of the Mars climate orbiter and Mars polar lander failures in 1999. As originally planned, MECA was designed to analyze Martian soil for properties that might pose hazards to future astronauts. Renamed the microscopy, electrochemistry, and conductivity analyzer, MECA is now a payload on the Mars Phoenix lander, scheduled for launch in 2007.
Linux tools for professional photography (2004)

Tweak your system to make photo colors accurate, and more. Nowyou won't get a nasty surprise when the photo you send to LinuxJournal shows up all wrong.
Integration of continuous caster and hot strip mill planning for steel production (2000)

In this paper we present a model and a solution approach for integration of steel continuous casters and hot strip mills to provide more responsive steel production at lower unit cost. We describe the production environment and survey existing methods for planning continuous casters and hot strip mills. Since these processes lie at the solid/liquid interface we use ‘virtual’ slabs, corresponding to possible (but not yet cast) solid forms of liquid steel, as a means of communication between hot strip mill and continuous caster. We model the planning problem as a hybrid network. Our model is solved using a combination of mathematical programming and heuristic techniques and we show that the solutions provided are very nearly optimal. The approach which we describe has been implemented at several steel mills worldwide and has demonstrated significant savings. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2003)

1. Francine Ratner Kaufman, MD*


 

1. *Professor of Pediatrics, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California; Head, Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Describe the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

2. Review intensive diabetes management protocols, new insulin preparations, and insulin delivery systems.

3. Describe the importance of home glucose and ketone monitoring and the new monitoring methodologies.

4. Elucidate the key elements of the outpatient diabetes examination and screening for diabetes complications.

5. Characterize the importance of the multidisciplinary team in the management and education of children who have type 1 diabetes and their families.

Many advances have been made since the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) provided irrefutable evidence of the benefits of following a system of diabetes management that allows for optimal glycemia for patients who have type 1 diabetes. These advances include an ever-increasing armamentarium of types of insulin that have varying onsets and durations of action, insulin delivery systems, improved methods for monitoring glycemia at home, and potential agents that could be used for diabetes prevention or to preserve residual beta-cell function at the time of diagnosis. These exciting advances have enabled the development of comprehensive, intensive diabetes regimens. To increase the success rate for patients and families with these regimens, it is imperative for the multidisciplinary diabetes team and the primary care clinician to work together to support and educate all those who help manage or affect patients.

The pathogenesis of diabetes is reviewed in this article, emphasizing the nearness of expanding efforts at primary prevention and beta-cell preservation at the time of diabetes diagnosis. This is followed by an explanation of current and evolving diabetes management protocols, focusing on insulin regimens and delivery systems that can be used for children to improve glycemic control while minimizing hypoglycemia. Finally, the components of the outpatient visit are reviewed to elucidate methods of screening for diabetes complications to allow early intervention that provides …