gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of synchronous pitched notes by spectral filtering of harmonics (2006)

This paper discusses the separation of two or more simultaneously excited pitched notes from a mono sound file into separate tracks. In fact, this is an intermediate stage in the longer-term goal of separating out at least two interweaving melodies of different sound sources from a mono file. The approach is essentially to filter the set of harmonics of each note from the mixed spectrum in each time frame of audio. A major consideration has been the separation of overlapping harmonics, and three filter designs are proposed for splitting a spectral peak into its constituent partials given the rough frequency and amplitude estimates of each partial contained within. The overall quality of separation has been good for mixes of up to seven orchestral notes and has been confirmed by measured average signal-to-residual ratios of around 10-20 dB
Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Overweight and Obese Asians (2002)

In overweight/obese Asians, the plasma adiponectin levels significantly correlated with various indices of MS except hypertension. Whether the plasma adiponectin level could be a suitable biomarker for following the clinical progress of MS warrants further investigation.
The effects of simulated inflammatory conditions on the corrosion and fretting corrosion of CoCrMo alloy (2017)

In vivo corrosion of CoCrMo alloy and its potential adverse effects on the body have been recognized as major concerns in recent years. While the underlying concepts of general and mechanically-assisted corrosion have been well documented, recent report of inflammatory cell-induced corrosion (ICIC) of CoCrMo alloy challenged traditional understanding of the relationship between biology and corrosion of hip implants. To better understand the role biology may play in the corrosion of CoCrMo-based implants, this study explored the mechanism of ICIC on CoCrMo alloy and investigated how simulated inflammatory (SI) conditions affected the electrochemistry, oxide film and fretting corrosion behavior of CoCrMo alloy. A range of SI solutions, based on phosphate buffered saline with H2O2, HCl, HClO and Fe3+ additions, were investigated. Results of electrochemistry tests (open circuit potential, polarization and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy) indicated the corrosion susceptibility of CoCrMo alloy can be significantly increased by SI solutions, increasing the oxidizing power and decreasing the passivity of the oxide film. Physiologically possible potential of CoCrMo alloy has been found to be as positive as 0.9 V, a much higher level than previously thought. Inflammatory cell-based chemicals such as H2O2, HClO, acid and Fenton reaction (H2O2 and Fe3+) were able to facilitate the corrosion of CoCrMo alloy and demonstrated part of the mechanism of inflammatory cell induced corrosion. The effect of inflammatory species hydrogen peroxide and voltage on the passive oxide film of CoCrMo alloy was studied by Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy (ECAFM). The results showed that simulated inflammatory condition (H2O2) and potential significantly altered oxide film behavior (surface roughness, topography, corrosion resistance). Variation of surface roughness, corrosion resistance were related with potential and time-dependent oxide film topography. Fretting corrosion behavior of CoCrMo/CoCrMo alloy combinations was significantly affected by SI conditions and potential. Presence of Fenton reaction resulted in less stable oxide film and increased oxidizing ability of solution, altering the fretting corrosion behavior of CoCrMo alloy. Additionally, a fundamental study was conducted to investigate the effect of electrode area on the cathodic voltage excursion of metallic biomaterials due to fretting corrosion. This work linked the area-dependent impedance characteristics to the time dependent voltage changes observed during fretting corrosion. Results showed that voltage shifts decreased as the exposed area increased and that this behavior was described well using the impedance-based theory model.
Design of dual-band slot antenna with double T-match stubs (2006)

A simple and compact design of dual-band slot antenna is presented. Fed by a CPW, the antenna is printed on a single-layer PCB with extremely low manufacturing cost. A pair of T-match stubs is employed to generate the dual resonances in the 2.4–2.5 and 5–6 GHz bands. The antenna of small radiating area 11×28 mm2 is demonstrated on an FR4 PCB with ground plane size of 31×35 mm2. Robust radiation performances are achieved, including in-band gain flatness within +/− 0.5 dB and polarisation isolation better than 15 dB. Consistent radiation patterns for both bands are obtained with peak gains about 3 and 4 dBi in the lower and upper bands, respectively.
Neonatal Mouse–Derived Engineered Cardiac Tissue (2011)

Data presented here show mouse ECT to be an efficient and cost-effective platform to study the primary effects of genetic manipulation on cardiac contractile function. This model provides a previously unavailable tool to study specific sarcomeric protein mutations in an intact mammalian muscle system.
Gating properties of the cAMP‐gated channel in toad olfactory receptor cells. (1993)

1. Inside-out membrane patches were excised from different parts of isolated olfactory receptor cells of the toad, and the gating properties of cAMP-gated channels were investigated under low concentrations of divalent cations. 2. At +50 mV, an outward current was observed when 1 mM cAMP was applied to the cytoplasmic side of membrane patches excised from cilia. cGMP had a similar effect. The dose-response relation for the cAMP-induced current could be fitted with the Hill equation with a coefficient of 1.5 for both cAMP and cGMP, and half-maximal concentration (K1/2) values of 19 microM (cAMP) and 16 microM (cGMP). 3. cAMP at low concentration (1 microM) induced step-like currents representing the opening of individual channels with a unitary conductance of about 30 pS. The I-V relation for the unitary events showed a weak outward rectification. 4. The relation between variance and mean current amplitude was well described with a parabola. Even at a saturating ligand concentration (1 mM cAMP) the current fluctuations did not disappear, indicating that fully liganded channels still switched between open and closed states. The maximum open probability was about 80% (+40 to +60 mV). 5. The current fluctuations at 1 mM cAMP were analysed with power spectral analysis. At +50 mV, frequency components lower than 10 Hz were well described with a Lorentzian function with a corner frequency of 1.7 +/- 0.2 Hz (+/- S.D.). In addition, higher flat frequency components were observed. At -50 mV the corner frequency became 0.6 +/- 0.1 Hz. 6. Membrane patches having a single cAMP-gated channel were obtained from the dendro-somatic membrane. These channels were very similar to the ciliary channels in electrophysiological characteristics. 7. The single cAMP-gated channel current showed flickering bursts that were interrupted with gaps. In saturating cAMP condition (1 mM), both burst- and gap-time histograms were fitted with single-exponential functions with time constants of 148 and 141 ms, respectively. 8. The channels were present at a high density of around 1750 microns-2 on the ciliary plasma membrane, as compared to 6 microns-2 on dendro-somatic membrane.
OpenMP Memkind: An Extension for Heterogeneous Physical Memories (2017)

Recently, CPU and graphics processors have been increasing the degree of on-chip parallelism in order to combat the decrease in traditional Moore's Law scaling. As a result, these new processors are increasing their appetite for faster memory devices with higher bandwidth. Component manufacturers have resorted to disparate or hierarchical fast memory device architectures such as shared local memory (SLM), scratch pad memory (SPM), and high bandwidth memory (HBM) to provide sufficient bandwidth. Following this trend, the physical memory locality gradually becomes a performance feature that users would like to explicitly manage. Inspired by this idea, this research is conducted to create a heterogeneous memory interface based on a new declarative data storage directive, or "memkind", for the OpenMP parallel programming specification to explicitly manage physical memory locality. Our approach is implemented as an OpenMP directive in order to avoid allocating data inside parallel regions, thus avoiding performance degradation due to sequential operating system routines. We demonstrate our approach as an extension to the LLVM OpenMP implementation, that enables the portability of our approach to be rapidly ported to any LLVM-supported architecture target. Our contributions in this work are a detailed design analysis of the memkind directive as well as a detailed implementation in the LLVM compiler infrastructure. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach using a synthetic benchmark application that records the execution performance and memory allocation efficiency.
Membrane perturbation by aminoglycosides as a simple screen of their toxicity (1986)

A simple test to assess the toxicity of aminoglycosides was designed based on the interaction of these drugs with phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. The fluorescent probe 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate was incorporated into liposomes composed of L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (4:1 molar ratio), and changes in fluorescence induced by the aminoglycosides were measured. The magnitude of these changes correlated well with the intrinsic ototoxicity of the drugs previously established in cochlear perfusions: neomycin greater than gentamicin approximately equal to tobramycin greater than amikacin approximately equal to kanamycin approximately equal to netilmicin greater than neamine approximately equal to spectinomycin. Correlations were not accurate when other phospholipids were substituted for phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. An alternative in vitro test, measurement of the zeta potential of liposomes, ranked the drugs according to their electrostatic charge but not their toxicity. These results suggest that: a simple screen for aminoglycoside toxicity can be established and perturbation of membranes containing phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate is a key step in aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
A Hypoxia- and α-Fetoprotein–Dependent Oncolytic Adenovirus Exhibits Specific Killing of Hepatocellular Carcinomas (2010)

The results presented here show the advantages of incorporating HREs into a hAFP promoter-driven oncolytic virus. This system is unique in that it acts in both a tissue-specific and tumor environment-selective manner. The greatly enhanced selectivity and tumoricidal activity of Ad-HRE(12)/hAFPΔ19 make it a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of liver cancers.
[Five recommendations for controlling population growth in China]. (1980)

The rapid population growth rate (2% annually from 1949 to 1978) caused great difficulties for China's national economy because it increased the burden of families, communities, and government. It caused employment problems and slowed increases in living standards and educational levels. The best way to control population growth is based on a combination of political education and effective economic measures. The recommendations are: 1) coordinate employment, food rationing, salaries, bonuses, health treatment, age and condition of retirement, preschool care and education with family planning programs, maintain the elderly's living standard, and give preference to childless and single child families; 2) educate people about family planning and incorporate population growth and family planning into political and economics courses in high school and college; 3) incorporate population control into national economic plans; 4) prohibit families with 3 children and advocate 1 child per couple; and 5) establish a permanent population committee to plan, develop, and implement population policies and related research.
Algebraic Fidelity Decay for Local Perturbations (2008)

From a reflection measurement in a rectangular microwave billiard with randomly distributed scatterers the scattering and the ordinary fidelity was studied. The position of one of the scatterers is the perturbation parameter. Such perturbations can be considered as local since wave functions are influenced only locally, in contrast to, e.g., the situation where the fidelity decay is caused by the shift of one billiard wall. Using the random-plane-wave conjecture, an analytic expression for the fidelity decay due to the shift of one scatterer has been obtained, yielding an algebraic $1/t$ decay for long times. A perfect agreement between experiment and theory has been found, including a predicted scaling behavior concerning the dependence of the fidelity decay on the shift distance. The only free parameter has been determined independently from the variance of the level velocities.
Transport Critical Current Density in Single-Core Composite Ba122 Superconducting Tapes (2019)

We fabricate a 1-meter-long AgSn-stainless steel composite superconducting tape via a flat rolling process. The transport critical current density Jc at different temperatures and magnetic fields is substantially studied. At 4.2 K and 10 T, the Jc of one short sample cut from the 1-meter-long tape achieves 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . At 20 K and 10 T, the Jc is also as high as 1.4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Moreover, the 1-meter-long tape presents good Jc homogeneity with an average value of 7.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . We also measure the resistance and susceptibility of the tape without peeling off the sheath. Based on our results, we suggest that the high strength stainless steel not only applies high pressure to the inner core after flat-rolling, but also act as a reinforcing layer to sustain good Jc uniformity. We also discuss some drawbacks existing in this method and corresponding solutions.
Analyse de la pluviométrie sous des systèmes nuageux convectifs : étude de cas sur des données de la ville de Marseille et de la méthode ISIS de Météo-France (2002)

Les systemes convectifs sont souvent associes a des orages violents et des inondations. Cette these contribue a l'analyse de la probabilite d'apparition d'un orage dans sa dimension spatiotemporelle. Les donnees pluviometriques de Marseille et les donnees de la methode ISIS de Meteo-France de detection satellite de systemes convectifs de meso-echelle (SCME) ont ete mises en relation au pas de temps de la demi-heure (avril a septembre, 1993 a 1997). Les resultats montrent que la presence d'un SCME conditionne fortement les distributions des pluies ponctuelles et des lames d'eau. Environ 50% des systemes sont associes a une pluie moyenne non-nulle sur la ville. Le risque de pluies fortes est environ 2. 5 fois plus important quand un SCME est present. La notion de severite d'un orage a ete introduite comme etant la periode de retour des plus forts cumuls de pluie observes sur la ville pour differentes durees et surfaces. Les graphes de severite de trois evenements orageux observes a Marseille montrent la forte variabilite de periodes de retour des orages. L'analyse structurale des champs de pluies a indique une correlation spatiale plus forte quand on considere la pluie sous SCME, par rapport a la pluie observee en absence de SCME. L'analyse a mis en evidence une echelle de variabilite liee a la taille caracteristique des cellules convectives et une variabilite residuelle, de taille caracteristique plus importante, correspondant probablement a la transition des zones convectives et stratiformes qui accompagnent les SCME. Un modele de simulation de champs de pluies, base sur la methode des bandes tournantes, a ete infere sur les donnees sous SCME. Une premiere analyse statistique des pluies simulees a permis de montrer que ce modele reproduit bien les moments climatologiques et spatiaux des donnees. Il peut etre utilise pour calculer par une approche Monte-Carlo les courbes IDSF (intensite-duree-surface-frequence) de la pluie sous SCME.
Effect of selenium in combination with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in the treatment of murine fibrosarcoma. (1984)

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) is a well-known anticancer agent the use of which is limited by its toxicity. Since it has been demonstrated that selenium is able to combine with metals like cadmium and mercury and to reduce their toxicity, we decided to investigate whether it could reduce the toxicity of platinum. We treated fibrosarcoma-bearing mice with a combination of cis-DDP and selenium. The dose of 2 or 4 micrograms selenium/g animal weight had no effect on tumor growth. The i.p. injection of 16 micrograms cis-DDP/g led to early death of animals. The i.p. treatment of tumor-bearing animals with 2 or 4 micrograms of selenium reduced the early mortality induced by cis-DDP at a dose of 16 micrograms/g. Therefore, the addition of selenium allowed the administration of high doses of cis-DDP, which resulted in an improved antitumor effect. Clonogenic assays following drug exposure showed that selenium had no direct effect on tumor cells and did not modify the antitumor activity of cis-DDP. Electron microscopy showed reduced changes in renal cells when selenium was added to the cis-DDP treatment. Microanalysis showed no accumulation of either selenium or platinum within renal cells. These results suggest that the addition of selenium decreases the nephrotoxicity of cis-DDP.
Inverse Power Flow Problem (2022)

We formulate an inverse power flow problem that infers a nodal admittance matrix from voltage and current phasors measured at a number of buses. We show that the admittance matrix can be uniquely identified from a sequence of measurements corresponding to different steady states when every node in the system is equipped with a measurement device, and a Kron-reduced admittance matrix can be determined even if some nodes in the system are not monitored (hidden nodes). We propose an effective algorithm to uncover the actual admittance matrix of a radial system with hidden nodes from its Kron-reduced admittance matrix.
51.5 Tb/s Capacity over 17,107 km in C+L Bandwidth Using Single Mode Fibers and Nonlinearity Compensation (2017)

We use nonlinearity compensation and performance optimized modulation format with hybrid probabilistic and geometric constellation shaping to demonstrate 51.5Tb/s C+L-band transmission over 17,107 km. We achieve record SMF capacity-distance product of 881Pb/sxkm.
Molecular determinants of response to RTK‐targeting agents in nonsmall cell lung cancer (2006)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are essential components of the cellular signaling apparatus and are often mutated or otherwise deregulated in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These receptors are not solely expressed by cancer cells but also by multiple other cell types, including stromal cells that, in turn, may modulate cancer cell functions by various direct and indirect interactions. Recently, clinical studies have successfully evaluated the inhibition of RTKs by specific RTK-targeting agents, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although the response was impressive in some studies, only a limited proportion of patients benefit from these new drugs. Therefore, an intensive search for markers has started to determine which patients and tumor types are most likely to respond favorably to this new kind of treatment. Considerable attention has been focused onto molecular changes in cancer cells such as receptor expression, gene amplification, changes in intracellular signaling and receptor mutations. In this article, we explore the current data regarding molecular alterations as surrogate markers of response to specific RTK-targeting agents in NSCLC. Defined alterations may serve as key markers helping to preselect NSCLC patients for an individualized therapeutic approach in the future.
A genetic approach for freight transportation planning (2006)

Purpose This purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for optimally planning long‐haul road transport activities through proper aggregation of customer orders in separate full‐truckload or less‐than‐truckload shipments in order to minimize total transportation costs. Design/methodology/approach The model is applied to a specific Italian multi‐plant firm operating in the plastic film for packaging sector. The method, given the order quantities to be shipped and the location of customers, aggregates shipments in subgroups of compatible orders resorting to a heuristic procedure and successively consolidates them in optimized full truck load and less than truck load shipments resorting to a Genetic Algorithm in order to minimize total shipping costs respecting delivery due dates and proper geographical and truck capacity constraints. Findings The paper demonstrates that evolutionary computation techniques may be effective in tactical planning of transportation activities. The model shows that substantial savings on overall transportation cost may be achieved adopting the proposed methodology in a real life scenario. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this optimisation methodology is that an heuristic procedure is utilized instead of an enumerative approach in order to at first aggregate shipments in compatible sets before the optimisation algorithm carries out the assignments of customer orders to separate truckloads. Even if this implies that the solution could be sub‐optimal, it has demonstrated a very satisfactory performance and enables the problem to become manageable in real life settings. Practical implications The proposed methodology enables to rapidly choose if a customer order should be shipped via a FTL or a LTL transport and performs the aggregation of different orders in separate shipments in order to minimize total transportation costs. As a consequence, the task of logistics managers is greatly simplified and consistently better performances respect manual planning can be obtained. Originality/value The described methodology is original in both the kind of approach adopted to solve the problem of optimising orders shipping in long‐haul direct shipping distribution logistics, and in the solution technique adopted which integrates heuristic algorithm and an original formulation of a GA optimisation problem. Moreover, the methodology solves both the truckload assignment problem and the choice of LTL vs FTL shipment thus representing an useful tool for logistics managers.