gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic principles and application potentials of cold gas spraying (2010)

Abstract Cold spraying is a well‐established coating technology for several materials and applications. The formation of dense microstructures occurs only by the plastic deformation of particles hitting the substrate with sufficiently high kinetic energies. Limited thermal influences well below the melting temperatures of respective spray materials and very short time scales make the process suitable for heat sensitive materials. For optimum spraying conditions and coating performance, a comprehensive understanding of the cold spray process and bonding mechanisms is required. This presentation summarizes the current model for coating formation based on adiabatic shear instabilities. Computer simulations visualize the bonding process and allow for extracting critical parameters that define the “window of deposition”. For selected materials, a correlation between powder characteristics, particle impact conditions and coating properties is shown. Furthermore, the state of the art in spraying equipment is reviewed. Special emphasis is put on recent improvements that ensure better coating performance and widen the range of sprayable materials. Finally, different application examples are presented to elucidate the potential for a variety of coating and substrate materials. Das Kaltgasspritzen ist als Beschichtungstechnologie für mehrere Werkstoffe und Anwendungen bereits etabliert. Dichte Schichtmikrostrukturen entstehen, indem Pulverpartikel mit hoher kinetischer Energie auf ein zu beschichtendes Substrat aufprallen und sich dabei stark plastisch verformen. Da die Prozesstemperaturen deutlich unter dem Schmelzpunkt des jeweiligen Materials liegen und die Prozessdauern sehr kurz sind, eignet sich dieses Verfahren auch für temperatur‐ oder oxidationsempfindliche Werkstoffe. Für die Optimierung der Prozessparameter und Schichteigenschaften ist ein umfassendes Verständnis des Spritzprozesses und der Bindemechanismen notwendig. Diese Arbeit fasst zunächst das aktuelle Modell für die Schichtbildung zusammen, das auf adiabatischen Scherinstabilitäten basiert. Computersimulationen veranschaulichen den Bindeprozess und erlauben die Erfassung kritischer Parameter, die das sogenannte „Spritzfenster”︁ definieren. Für ausgewählte Materialien wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Pulverparametern, Aufprallbedingungen und Schichteigenschaften gezeigt. Darüber hinaus wird der aktuelle Stand der Spritztechnik mit den bisherigen Entwicklungsstufen verglichen, insbesondere in Hinblick auf neuere Entwicklungen, die zu besseren Schichteigenschaften führen und die Palette spritzbarer Werkstoffe erweitern. Abschließend werden verschiedene Anwendungsbeispiele präsentiert, um das Potenzial für eine Vielzahl von Schicht und Substratwerkstoffen zu demonstrieren.
Waste Conversion into n-Caprylate and n-Caproate: Resource Recovery from Wine Lees Using Anaerobic Reactor Microbiomes and In-line Extraction (2016)

To convert wastes into sustainable liquid fuels and chemicals, new resource recovery technologies are required. Chain elongation is a carboxylate-platform bioprocess that converts short-chain carboxylates (SCCs) (e.g., acetate [C2] and n-butyrate [C4]) into medium-chain carboxylates (MCCs) (e.g., n-caprylate [C8] and n-caproate [C6]) with hydrogen gas as a side product. Ethanol or another electron donor (e.g., lactate, carbohydrate) is required. Competitive MCC productivities, yields (product vs. substrate fed), and specificities (product vs. all products) were only achieved previously from an organic waste material when exogenous ethanol had been added. Here, we converted a real organic waste, which inherently contains ethanol, into MCCs with n-caprylate as the target product. We used wine lees, which consisted primarily of settled yeast cells and ethanol from wine fermentation, and produced MCCs with a reactor microbiome. We operated the bioreactor at a pH of 5.2 and with continuous in-line extraction and achieved a MCC productivity of 3.9 g COD/L-d at an organic loading rate of 5.8 g COD/L-d, resulting in a promising MCC yield of 67% and specificities of 36% for each n-caprylate and n-caproate (72% for both). Compared to all other studies that used complex organic substrates, we achieved the highest n-caprylate-to-ncaproate product ratio of 1.0 (COD basis), because we used increased broth-recycle rates through the forward membrane contactor, which improved in-line extraction rates. Increased recycle rates also allowed us to achieve the highest reported MCC production flux per membrane surface area thus far (20.1 g COD/m 2 -d). Through microbial community analyses, we determined that an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) for Bacteroides spp. was dominant and was positively correlated with increased MCC productivities. Our data also suggested that the microbiome may have been shaped for improved MCC production by the high broth-recycle rates. Comparable abiotic studies suggest that further increases in the broth-recycle rates could improve the overall mass
Assessing color reproduction tolerances in commercial print workflow (2011)

Except for linear devices like CRTs, color transformations from colorimetric specifications to device coordinates are mostly obtained by measuring a set of samples, inverting the table, and looking up values in the table (including interpolation), and mapping the gamut from input to output device. The accuracy of a transformation is determined by reproducing a second set of samples and measuring the reproduction errors. Accuracy as the average predicted perceptual error is then used as a metric for quality. Accuracy and precision are important metrics in commercial print because a print service provider can charge a higher price for more accurate color, or can widen his tolerances when customers prefer cheap prints. The disadvantage of determining tolerances through averaging perceptual errors is that the colors in the sample sets are independent and this is not necessarily a good correlate of print quality as determined through psychophysics studies. Indeed, images consist of color palettes and the main quality factor is not color fidelity but color integrity. For example, if the divergence of the field of error vectors is zero, color constancy is likely to take over and humans will perceive the color reproduction as being of good quality, even if the average error is relatively large. However, if the errors are small but in random directions, the perceived image quality is poor because the relation among colors is altered. We propose a standard practice to determine tolerance based on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test (FM-100) for the second set and to evaluate the color transpositions-a metric for color integrity-instead of the color differences. The quality metric is then the FM-100 score. There are industry standards for the tolerances of color judges, and the same tolerances and classification can be use for print workflows or its components (e.g., presses, proofers, displays). We generalize this practice to arbitrary perceptually uniform scales tailored to specific applications and present an implementation. In essence, we propose to extend the color discrimination test procedures used to evaluate human observers, to mechanical and electronic color reproduction devices.
Utilization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Outer-Membrane Endoprotease OmpT Variants as Processing Enzymes for Production of Peptides from Designer Fusion Proteins (2004)

Escherichia coli outer-membrane endoprotease OmpT has suitable properties for processing fusion proteins to produce peptides and proteins. However, utilization of this protease for such production has been restricted due to its generally low cleavage efficiency at Arg (or Lys)-Xaa, where Xaa is a nonbasic N-terminal amino acid of a target polypeptide. The objective of this study was to generate a specific and efficient OmpT protease and to utilize it as a processing enzyme for producing various peptides and proteins by converting its substrate specificity. Since OmpT Asp(97) is proposed to interact with the P1' amino acid of its substrates, OmpT variants with variations at Asp(97) were constructed by replacing this amino acid with 19 natural amino acids to alter the cleavage specificity at Arg (P1)-Xaa (P1'). The variant OmpT that had a methionine at this position, but not the wild-type OmpT, efficiently cleaved a fusion protein containing the amino acid sequence -Arg-Arg-Arg-Ala-Arg downward arrow motilin, in which motilin is a model peptide with a phenylalanine at the N terminus. The OmpT variants with leucine and histidine at position 97 were useful in releasing human adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24) (serine at the N terminus) and human calcitonin precursor (cysteine at the N terminus), respectively, from fusion proteins. Motilin was produced by this method and was purified up to 99.0% by two chromatographic steps; the yield was 160 mg/liter of culture. Our novel method in which the OmpT variants are used could be employed for production of various peptides and proteins.
The PI3K–NF-κB signal transduction pathway is involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of IB-MECA in adjuvant-induced arthritis (2006)

The anti-inflammatory effect of adenosine was previously found to be mediated via activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR). The aim of the present study was to decipher the molecular mechanism involved with the inhibitory effect of IB-MECA, an A3AR agonist, on adjuvant-induced arthritis. The adjuvant-induced arthritis rats responded to IB-MECA treatment with a decrease in the clinical score and the pathological score of the disease. The response to IB-MECA was neutralized by the antagonist MRS 1220, confirming that the efficacy of the synthetic agonist was A3AR mediated. The A3AR protein expression level was highly expressed in the synovia, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in the drain lymph node (DLN) tissues of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats in comparison with naïve animals. Downregulation of A3AR expression was noted upon treatment with IB-MECA. Analysis of synovia and DLN protein extracts revealed a decreased expression level of PI3K, PKB/Akt, IKK, NF-kappaB and tumor necrosis factor alpha, known to affect survival and apoptosis of inflammatory cells, whereas the caspase-3 level was upregulated.Taken together, high A3AR expression is found in the synovia, in the immune cells in the DLN and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. IB-MECA, an orally bioavailable molecule, activates the A3AR, inducing receptor downregulation and the initiation of a molecular mechanism that involves de-regulation of the PI3K-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. As a result, a potent anti-inflammatory effect manifested in the improvement of the disease clinical score and pathological score occurs. The finding that the A3AR expression level in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in the DLN reflects the receptor status in the remote inflammatory site suggests use of the A3AR as a follow-up biomarker.
Video-Rate Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using Phased Arrays (2007)

Passive millimeter-wave imaging technology has matured in conformance with the conventional focal-plane imaging architecture of visible light and infrared cameras. The longer wavelength at millimeter-wave frequencies allows for practical implementation of alternative pupil-plane camera architectures based on frequency-scanned phased arrays, with benefits to hardware ruggedness, form factor and cost. Challenges associated with millimeter-wave phased arrays include path matching over relatively long signal paths, and the implementation of transmission lines with extremely low loss compared to commercially available substrates. A W-band millimeter-wave phased array imager operating between 76 and 94 GHz is presented with technical performance data and examples of imagery.
Tunable optofluidic distributed feedback dye lasers (2006)

We demonstrated a continuously tunable optofluidic distributed feedback (DFB) dye laser on a monolithic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer chip. The optical feedback was provided by a phase-shifted higher order Bragg grating embedded in the liquid core of a single mode buried channel waveguide. We achieved nearly 60nm continuously tunable output by mechanically varying the grating period with two dye molecules Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and Rhodamine 101 (Rh101). Single-mode operation was obtained with <0.1nm linewidth. Because of the higher order grating, a single laser, when operated with different dye solutions, can provide tunable output covering from near UV to near IR spectral region. The low pump threshold (< 1uJ) makes it possible to use a single high energy pulsed laser to pump hundreds of such lasers on a chip. An integrated array of five DFB dye lasers with different lasing wavelengths was also demonstrated. Such laser arrays make it possible to build highly parallel optical sensors on a chip. The laser chip is fully compatible with PDMS based soft microfluidics.
Nutraceutical Intervention Improves Older Adults' Cognitive Functioning (2013)

Interventions to improve the cognitive health of older adults are of critical importance. In the current study, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a pill-based nutraceutical (NT-020) that contained a proprietary formulation of blueberry, carnosine, green tea, vitamin D3, and Biovin to evaluate the impact on changes in multiple domains of cognitive functioning. One hundred and five cognitively intact adults aged 65-85 years of age (M=73.6 years) were randomized to receive NT-020 (n=52) or a placebo (n=53). Participants were tested with a battery of cognitive performance tests that were classified into six broad domains--episodic memory, processing speed, verbal ability, working memory, executive functioning, and complex speed at baseline and 2 months later. The results indicated that persons taking NT-020 improved significantly on two measures of processing speed across the 2-month test period in contrast to persons on the placebo whose performance did not change. None of the other cognitive ability measures were related to intervention group. The results also indicated that the NT-020 was well tolerated by older adults, and the presence of adverse events or symptoms did not differ between the NT-020 and placebo groups. Overall, the results of the current study were promising and suggest the potential for interventions like these to improve the cognitive health of older adults.
Renal and Blood Pressure Effects of Dapagliflozin in Recently Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure with mildly reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights from the DELIVER Trial (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03619213.
New photopolymer for holographic optical storage technology (2000)

We present the design, development and characterization of MEMPLEX - a new photoreactive polymer that has widespread applications in holographic information storage and processing technology. The new polymer is characterized by its large M/# and, thus, large capacity for data storage (>Thit/5 inch diameter disk), good sensitivity in the visible, negligible shrinkage during recording, no wet chemical processing, and virtually unlimited storage time of information. MEMPLEX is inexpensive, completely self-supporting, can be fabricated to any size as required by the application, has excellent optical quality, is resistant to most chemicals, and has long shelf-life.
IMAGING AND PATTERN RECOGNITION METHODS FOR FEATHER SEX SEPARATION OF BROILER CHICKS (2000)

Recognition and separation of newly hatched broiler chicks by sex require intensive human labor in hatcheryoperations. Segregation of chicks by gender and grow-out in gender specific management schemes offer significantbenefits to the broiler industry. In this manuscript, methods for automated sex separation using spectral imaging andpattern recognition are presented. A UV optical system was developed to distinguish chick feathers from down of the samecolor, and to extract the feather sex feature characteristics from baby chick wings. To recognize sexes by analyzing featherpatterns, blob analysis and curve fitting methods were developed. The result showed a distinct contrast between feathersand down by the optical system, which produced clear signals for image processing and automated feather classification.The curve fitting method yielded a correct classification rate of 93% for female chicks and 94% for male chicks based ona test of 104 baby chicks. The imaging techniques presented in this article serve as a step forward to the development ofan automated baby chick sex recognition system, which will result in enhanced worker welfare, labor savings, and feedconversion and production efficiency.
Novel Inhibitor of p38 MAP Kinase as an Anti-TNF-α Drug:  Discovery of <i>N</i>-[4-[2-Ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-pyridyl]benzamide (TAK-715) as a Potent and Orally Active Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Agent (2005)

The p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase has been implicated in the proinflammatory cytokine signal pathway, and its inhibitors are potentially useful for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. To develop a new drug for RA, we synthesized a novel series of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazoles and evaluated their inhibition of p38 MAP kinase, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from human monocytic THP-1 cells in vitro, and LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in vivo in mice. During the course of the study, we found that these compounds risk the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms by coordination of the 4-pyridyl nitrogen with heme iron. We therefore investigated the effects of substitution at the 2-position of the pyridyl ring on the inhibitory activity of p38 MAP kinase and CYPs in more detail. As a result, N-[4-[2-ethyl-4-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]-2-pyridyl]benzamide (8h, TAK-715) exhibited potent inhibitory activity in these assays (inhibition of p38alpha, IC50 = 7.1 nM; LPS-stimulated release of TNF-alpha from THP-1, IC50 = 48 nM; LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice, 87.6% inhibition at 10 mg/kg, po) and no inhibitory activity for major CYPs, including CYP3A4. This compound also showed good bioavailability in mice and rats and significant efficacy in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Compound 8h was selected as a clinical candidate and is now under clinical investigation for the treatment of RA.
The role of muscle synergies in myoelectric control: trends and challenges for simultaneous multifunction control (2014)

Myoelectric control is filled with potential to significantly change human-robot interaction due to the ability to non-invasively measure human motion intent. However, current control schemes have struggled to achieve the robust performance that is necessary for use in commercial applications. As demands in myoelectric control trend toward simultaneous multifunctional control, multi-muscle coordinations, or synergies, play larger roles in the success of the control scheme. Detecting and refining patterns in muscle activations robust to the high variance and transient changes associated with surface electromyography is essential for efficient, user-friendly control. This article reviews the role of muscle synergies in myoelectric control schemes by dissecting each component of the scheme with respect to associated challenges for achieving robust simultaneous control of myoelectric interfaces. Electromyography recording details, signal feature extraction, pattern recognition and motor learning based control schemes are considered, and future directions are proposed as steps toward fulfilling the potential of myoelectric control in clinically and commercially viable applications.
Characterization of a Novel Functional Protein in the Pancreatic Islet (2011)

These data suggest that IHoP could be a new functional protein in the islet and may play a role in islet homeostasis.
An iterative scheme for near optimal and universal lossy compression (2009)

We present a new lossy compression algorithm for discrete sources. The encoder assigns a certain cost to each reconstruction sequence, finds the sequence that minimizes the cost, and describes it losslessly to the decoder via a universal lossless compressor. The cost of a sequence is defined as a linear combination of its empirical probabilities of some order k + 1 and its distortion relative to the source sequence. The linear structure of the cost in the empirical count matrix allows the encoder to employ a Viterbi-like algorithm for obtaining the minimizing reconstruction sequence simply. We identify a choice of coefficients for the linear combination in the cost function which ensures that the algorithm universally achieves the optimum rate-distortion performance of any Markov source in the limit of large n, provided k is increased as o(log n). Finding the optimal coefficients is complex and requires solving a non-convex optimization problem. As a detour, we propose a simple heuristic iterative procedure, and demonstrate its efficiency through our experimental results.
Efficient multicast on a terabit router (2005)

Multicast routing protocols and routers on the Internet enable multicast transmission by replicating packets close to the destinations, obviating the need for multiple unicast connections, thereby saving network bandwidth and improving throughput. Similarly, within a router, multicast between linecards is enabled by a multicast capable switch fabric. A multicast cell is sent once from the source linecard to the switch fabric; the switch fabric sends the cells to all the destination linecards obviating the need for, and the waste of, linecard to fabric bandwidth that would result from multiple unicast cell transmissions. For high capacity routers (several terabits), the fixed size destination field of the cell is inadequate to specify exactly the subset of the switch ports the multicast cell should be sent to the number of multicast connections to be supported. Therefore, for several connections, we have to supercast, i.e., send the cell to non-subscribing linecards and have them drop the cell. We study the problem of assigning destination labels for multicast cells so that the amount of supercast, i.e., wasted bandwidth, is minimized, and the throughput of the router is maximized. We formalize this combinatorial optimization problem and prove it NP-complete and hard to find approximate solutions. We have devised several heuristic algorithms that we have implemented and we report the experimental results. Faster heuristics can support a higher multicast connection establishment rate; slower heuristics can be invoked off-line to further optimize multicast label maps.
Coronary angiogenic effect of long-term administration of Nigella sativa (2017)

The present study demonstrated an increase in VEGF and a decrease of the VWF in the hearts of Nigella-fed and exercise-trained rats. This might indicate the potentiality for induction of coronary angiogenesis via long-term administration of NS and exercise training. NS effect on coronary angiogenesis needs to be explored further as it might lead to a new promising preventive and therapeutic agent of the ischemic heart disease.