gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternately poled piezoelectric transformers using rectangular ceramic plates (1998)

In order to apply a piezoelectric transformer to an LCD backlight inverter, piezoelectric transformers are investigated [1, 2]. The load is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), whose impedance is low, about 100 kΩ. But the step-up ratio of the conventional Rosen-type piezoelectric transformer is small and inadequate for this application. We have developed a new piezoelectric transformer structure which has an alternately poled structure in a rectangular single-layer piezoelectric ceramic plate. Its step-up ratio is twice that of the Rosen-type transformer. Two types of samples were fabricated and analyzed using equivalent circuits, and the vibration characteristics and the electrical characteristics were evaluated. © 1998 Scripta Technica, 81(12): 29–36, 1998
Remote Ischemic Conditioning (2017)

Although remote ischemic conditioning promises significant benefit to patients with a variety of acute and chronic illnesses, development of automated, clinically applicable devices has been slow. At least 3 small companies have launched efforts to develop useful tools intended for sale in European and North American markets. The market challenges and opportunities linked to the development of a cost-effective, reliable, and clinically effective device for the application of remote ischemic conditioning are presented in this article.
Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols) (1982)

Murine anti-Treponema pallidum (Nichols) lymphocyte hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against a variety of treponemal antigens have been generated. Hybridomas isolated were of three major types: those that were directed specifically against T. pallidum antigens, those that were directed against treponemal group antigens (as evidenced by their cross-reactivity with T. phagedenis biotype Reiter antigens), and those that cross-reacted with both treponemal as well as rabbit host testicular tissue antigens. The majority (31 of 39 clones) of these anti-T. pallidum hybridomas, which produced monoclonal antibodies of mouse isotypes immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 or IgM, were directed specifically against T. pallidum and not other treponemal or rabbit antigens tested by radioimmunoassay. Four of these T. pallidum-specific hybridomas secreted monoclonal antibodies with greater binding affinity for "aged" rather than freshly isolated intact T. pallidum cells, suggesting a possible specificity for "unmasked" surface antigens of T. pallidum. Six anti-T. pallidum hybridomas produced complement-fixing monoclonal antibodies (IgG2a, IgG2b, or IgM) that were capable of immobilizing virulent treponemes in the T. pallidum immobilization (TPI) test; these may represent biologically active monoclonal antibodies against treponemal surface antigens. Three other hybridomas secreted monoclonal antibodies which bound to both T. pallidum and T. phagedenis biotype Reiter antigens, thus demonstrating a possible specificity for treponemal group antigens. Five hybridoma cell lines were also isolated which produced IgM monoclonal antibodies that cross-reacted with all treponemal and rabbit host testicular tissue antigens employed in the radioimmunoassays. This report describes the construction and characteristics of these hybridoma cell lines. The potential applications of the anti-T. pallidum monoclonal antibodies are discussed.
Decomposition of Ion Exchange Resins by Pyrolysis (1986)

Pyrolysis of spent ion exchange resins is one of the most effective methods for reducing radioactive waste volume and for making the final waste form more stable. Fundamental experiments were performed to clarify the pyrolysis characteristics of anion and cation exchange resins. Residual elemental analyses and off-gas analyses showed that the decomposition ratio of cation resins was only 50 wt% at 600°C, while that of anion resins was 90 wt% at 400°C. Infrared spectroscopy for cation resins attributed its low decomposition ratio to formation of a highly heat-resistant polymer (sulfur bridged) during pyrolysis. Measurements of residual hygroscopicity and cement package strength indicated that the optimum pyrolysis temperatures for preventing resin swelling and package expansion were between 300 and 500°C.
Phase I/II study of dianhydrogalactitol in patients with recurrent malignant glioma or progressive secondary brain tumor. (2013)

2093 Background: Recurrent glial tumors of the brain continue to be one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, and median survival for patients with recurrent disease is approximately 6 months for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The front-line therapy for GBM - temozolomide (TMZ) - is subject to resistance by DNA repair protein O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), leading to poor prognoses for patients with recurrent GBM. Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083)is a first-in-class bi-functional N 7 DNA alkylating agent shown to cross the blood-brain barrier, accumulate in brain tissue, and have activity against GBM. Studies suggest that VAL-083 overcomes MGMT-driven drug resistance in vitro and targets cancer stem cells. The purpose of this study is to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of VAL-083 in patients with recurrent GBM or progressive secondary brain tumor, and explore the safety, pharmacokinetics and tumor responses to treatment. Methods: Open-label phase I/II dose-escalation study of VAL-083 in patients with histologically confirmed primary WHO grade 4 malignant GBM, now recurrent, previously treated for GBM with surgery and/or radiation, if appropriate, and have failed both bevacizumab and temozolomide; or progressive secondary brain tumor, has failed standard brain radiotherapy, and has brain tumor progression after at least one line of systemic therapy. The study uses a 3 + 3 dose escalation design, until reaching the MTD or maximum specified dose. Patients receive IV VAL-083 on days 1, 2, and 3 of each 21-day treatment cycle. In phase II, additional patients are treated at the MTD (or selected optimum dose) to measure tumor responses. Results: Cohort 1 (3 patients) and cohort 2 (4 patients) were completed without any DLT’s. Adverse events (AEs) have all been grade 1/2, with only 1 grade 3 AE, unrelated to treatment. Cohort 3 currently has 4 patient enrolled, without reaching the MTD. 1/7 (14.3%) patients in cohorts 1and 2 has prolonged stable disease (15+ cycles) on VAL-083 treatment. Conclusions: VAL-083 up to the 2nd dose level was well tolerated without any safety signals. Dose escalation is continuing. Clinical trial information: NCT01478178.
High availability cooperative free space optical communication link with various diversity combining methods (2018)

The authors investigate the performance and reliability improvement of multiple relay cooperative free space optical (FSO) communication over direct link. Multiple gain combiner (MGC) method has been introduced as a diversity combining method which assures to provide a close to optimum performance as compared to maximal ratio combining (MRC). As compared to MRC, the proposed MGC technique does not require prior channel information and adaptive gain adjustment. Bit error rate (BER) performance improvement with different combining techniques, including MGC, in cooperative FSO system for different channel environments has been included in this study. BER performance for multiple relays for various combining techniques: selection combining, equal gain combining, MRC and MGC have been compared and it is seen that the performance of MGC is close to optimum MRC. High availability of the system is achieved by using multiple relays in the cooperative system. Markov model analysis for availability and mean time between failures of FSO systems in multiple relays cooperative communication has been done to verify the reliability improvement of a cooperative system with increasing number of relays.
Measurement of the cochlea – examiner’s influence (2023)

Introduction Cochlear implants provide effective auditory rehabilitation for patients with deafness or severe hearing loss. Many aspects such as duration of deafness, respective hearing loss, individual anatomy must be considered preoperatively in order to select an optimal electrode and insertion depth for the patient. An important point for optimal electrode selection is the length of the cochlea.
Making Ultrathin Solar Cells (1991)

Process produces extremely thin silicon solar cells - only 50 micrometers or less in thickness. Electrons and holes have less opportunity to recombine before collected at cell surfaces. Efficiency higher and because volume of silicon small, less chance of radiation damage in new cells. Initial steps carried out at normal thickness to reduce breakage and avoid extra cost of special handling. Cells then thinned mechanically and chemically. Final cell includes reflective layer on back surface. Layer bounces unabsorbed light back into bulk silicon so it absorbs and produces useful electrical output.
High performance computing of line of sight viewshed (2011)

In this paper we present our recent research and development work for multicore computing of Line of Sight (LoS) on the Cell Broadband Engine (CBE) processors. LoS can be found in many applications where real-time high performance computing is required. We will describe an efficient LoS multi-core parallel computing algorithm, including the data partition and computation load allocation strategies to fully utilize the CBE's computational resources for efficient LoS viewshed parallel computing. In addition, we will also illustrate a successive fast transpose algorithm to prepare the input data for efficient Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) operations. Furthermore, we describe the data input and output (I/O) management scheme to reduce the (I/O) latency in Direct-Memory-Access (DMA) data fetching and storing operations. The performance evaluation of our LoS viewshed computing scheme over an area of interest (AOI) with more than 4.19 million points has shown that our parallel computing algorithm on CBE takes less than 25.5 ms, which is several orders of magnitude faster than the available commercial systems.
New ionization processes and applications for use in mass spectrometry (2013)

Mass spectrometry (MS) continues to improve at a rapid pace as most prominently witnessed for mass analyzers and fragmentation technology. Ionization methods have also seen resurgence with ambient ionization approaches gaining a foothold because they often provide a convenient and direct means of sample analysis. Nevertheless, a vast majority of biological analyses using MS apply electrospray ionization or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, methods introduced in the 1980s, or variants thereof. To further advance applications by MS such as protein characterization, and, for example, addressing their location within specific cell types, the progress in mass analyzer and fragmentation technology needs to be matched with similar advances in ionization technology. It is imperative to seek ionization methods that more efficiently convert molecules, to gas-phase ions in a way that allows high transfer efficiency to the mass analyzer and subsequently the detector to achieve a more complete picture of sample composition. This review provides a snapshot of fundamental aspects of new ionization methods and potential biological and medical applications.
Molecular characterization of the <i>Hansenula polymorpha</i><i>FLD1</i> gene encoding formaldehyde dehydrogenase (2001)

Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD) is a key enzyme required forthe catabolism of methanol as a carbon source and certain primary amines, such as methylamine as nitrogen sources in methylotrophic yeasts. Here we describe the molecular characterization of the FLD1 gene from the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Unlike the recently described Pichia pastoris homologue, the H. polymorpha gene does not contain an intron. The predicted FLD1 product (Fld1p) is a protein of 380 amino acids (ca. 41 kDa) with 82% identity to P. pastoris Fld1p, 76% identity to the FLD protein sequence from n-alkane-assimilating yeast Candida maltosa and 63-64% identity to dehydrogenase class III enzymes from humans and other higher eukaryotes. The expression of FLD1 is strictly regulated and can be controlled at two expression levels by manipulation of the growth conditions. The gene is strongly induced under methylotrophic growth conditions; moderate expression is obtained under conditions in which a primary amine, e.g. methylamine, is used as nitrogen source. These properties render the FLD1 promoter of high interest for heterologous gene expression. The availability of the H. polymorpha FLD1 promoter provides an attractive alternative for expression of foreign genes besides the commonly used alcohol oxidase promoter.
Advanced Combustor Concepts for Low Emissions Supersonic Propulsion (2013)

Novel lean-burn combustor concepts were designed and evaluated for supersonic aircraft propulsion, with a focus on cruise NOx emissions. Premixing to lean conditions is especially challenging at supersonic cruise because combustor inlet temperatures are high and autoignition times are short. However, combustor pressure is significantly lower than at takeoff, so at cruise this allows heated jet fuel to be vaporized before injection as an aid to mixing. Two concepts—differentiated by swirler aerodynamics, swirler size, and staging method—were evaluated in the work reported here, both using injection of vaporized jet fuel. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of mixing and combustion were used to design hardware for each concept. Injectors for each were fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) for cold-flow mixing tests, and using metal fabrication for subsequent combustion tests. Combustion test results show that emissions index for NOx (EINOx) < 5 was achieved for both concepts in single-sector tests at supersonic cruise combustor conditions.
Demonstration of PMD Compensation by LDPC-Coded Turbo Equalization and Channel Capacity Loss Characterization Due to PMD and Quantization (2007)

Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation by low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded turbo equalization is experimentally demonstrated for a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) system operating at 10 Gb/s. This technique provides significant improvement of bit-error rate compared to the optimum threshold receiver. The channel capacity loss due to PMD and quantization is studied as well. It was found that the proposed PMD turbo equalizer is about 1.5 dB away from the theoretical limit.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of cis-4-Hydroxy-D-proline (2001)

Candida antarctica lipase fraction B (CALB) catalyzed the hydrolysis of the (S)-enantiomer of racemic 4-oxo-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester with high enantioselectivity (> 99.5% ee at 51% conversion). Regioselective hydrogenation of the isolated (R)-4-oxo-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester produced (2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester in 98% yield, and subsequent hydrolysis of the ester and N-(alkoxycarbonyl) groups produced cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline in 98% yield and 96% de. Diastereomeric mixtures of 4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters were also resolved using CALB to produce cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline or trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline in 93 to > 99.5% diastereomeric excess.
Functional Consequences of Altering Myocardial Adrenergic Receptor Signaling (2000)

From the ability to successfully manipulate the mouse genome has come important transgenic and gene-targeted knockout models that impact many areas of biomedical research. Genetically engineered mouse models geared toward the study of cardiovascular regulation have recently been described and provide powerful tools to study normal and compromised cardiac physiology. The genetic manipulation of the adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling system in the heart, including its regulation by desensitizing kinases, has shed light on the role of this signaling pathway in the regulation of cardiac contractility. One major finding, supported by several mouse models, is that in vivo contractility can be enhanced via alteration of myocardial AR signaling. Thus genetic manipulation of this critical receptor system in the heart represents a novel therapeutic approach for improving function of the failing heart.
Improved Electrooptic Materials and Fixing Techniques for Holographic Recording (1972)

This paper describes recent improvements in materials and techniques for storage of high efficiency phase holograms in electrooptic crystals. The storage performance of lithium niobate and barium sodium niobate was greatly enhanced by introducing transition metal impurities or by subjecting the undoped crystals to irradiation treatments. The latest materials combine good sensitivity with diffraction efficiencies that reach well over 50% for sample thickness of a few millimeters. In addition, the fixing techniques that were developed offer a simple means of achieving nondestructive readout for holographic information stored in these crystals.
Dual energy pulses for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy with the stochastic Gabor function (2012)

This paper introduces the stochastic Gabor function (SGF), an excitation waveform that can be used to design optimal excitation pulses for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) of the brain. The SGF is a Gaussian function modulated by uniformly distributed noise; it has wide frequency spectrum representation regardless of the stimuli pulse length. The SGF was studied in the time-frequency domain. As shown by frequency concentration measurements, the SGF is least compact in the sample frequency phase plane. Numerical results obtained by using a realistic human head model indicate that the SGF may allow for both shallow and deeper tissue penetration than is currently obtainable with conventional stimulus paradigms, potentially facilitating tissue subtraction assessment of parenchymal dielectric changes in frequency. This could be of value in advancing EIS of stroke and hemorrhage.
Safety of direct injection of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the spinal cord of uninjured Göttingen minipigs (2021)

These data strongly support the safety of intraparenchymal injection of LCTOPC1 into the spinal cord using a model anatomically similar to that of the human spinal cord. Furthermore, this research provides guidance for future clinical interventions, including mechanisms for precise positioning and anticipated volumes of biological payloads that can be safely delivered directly into uninjured portions of the spinal cord.
Who's who? Identifying concepts and entities across multiple documents (2005)

A number of research and software development groups have developed technology for identifying terms and names in documents and associating them with concepts and named entries, but few have addressed coreference of concepts and entities across multiple documents in a collection. Cross-document coreference is challenging, since a collection of documents consists of multiple discourse contexts, with a many-to-many correspondence between terms and names on one hand and the concepts and entities they refer to on the other. In this paper we describe extensions to our intra-document term and name identification for coreferencing concepts and entities across documents.
Record2Vec: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Structured Records (2018)

Structured records - data with a fixed number of descriptive fields (or attributes) - are often represented by one-hot encoded or term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighted vectors. These vectors are typically sparse and long, and are inefficient in representing structured records. Here, we introduce Record2Vec, a framework for generating dense embeddings of structured records by training associations between attributes within record instances. We build our embedding from a simple premise that structured records have attributes that are associated, and therefore we can train the embedding of an attribute based on other attributes (or context), much like how we train embeddings for words based on their surrounding context. Because this embedding technique is general and does not assume the availability of any labeled data, it is extendable across different domains and fields. We demonstrate its utility in the context of clustering, record matching, movie rating and movie genre prediction.
Practical Design Considerations for Broadband Cognitive Radio Systems: Co-existence (2018)

The two main challenges for Cognitive Radio systems are the identification of available bands for opportunistic communication and the co-existence of Cognitive Radio users; these challenges are revisited in this paper. Availability of two potential bands is analyzed based on spectrum sensing results. A mixed signal IC technique is proposed to improve co-existence of Cognitive Radio systems. It is shown that the co-existence of Cognitive Radio systems is improved through spread spectrum technique, at the expenses of major system complexity and limited bandwidth efficiency.
A fine-grained data migration approach to application load balancing on MP mind machines (1992)

Massively Parallel (MP) computing technologies, in particular Multiple-Instruction, Multiple-Data (MIMD) machines, have enabled the development of applications that require computational resources previously unobtainable. However, applications must be tailored to effectively use MP MIMD machines. Often this tailoring effort resembles that taken years ago with the introduction of vector super-computers. That is, application programmers must work at the machine's level of abstraction, resulting in application programs that are difficult to develop, maintain, and modify. In particular, programmers must spend a great amount of effort addressing load balancing issues to achieve the desired application performance. This dissertation addresses this issue by providing an automatic, dynamic load balancing facility for MP MIMD machines.
Previous load balancing approaches have migrated entire tasks or data sets within the tasks. Approaches that migrate entire tasks are not fine-grained enough to evenly distribute the load of applications that consume the complete set of available processing resources. Approaches that migrate data sets have not effectively addressed the issue of data locality and, as such, are not appropriate for distributed memory MIMD machines.
The research presented in this dissertation has resulted in a fine grained data migration approach, called tiling, to dynamic load balancing. Tiling effectively addresses the issues of processor load imbalances and data locality to achieve global processor load balance. Tiling is applicable to a large class of real-world applications. Furthermore, tiling is applicable to commercially available MIMD machines. Tiling does not require special hardware, nor does it require a particular vendor's MIMD implementation.
Single Course Versus Maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy for Superficial Bladder Tumors: A Prospective, Randomized Trial (1987)

A total of 42 patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors or carcinoma in situ entered a prospective, randomized trial to compare the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy with and without quarterly maintenance instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Maintenance therapy did not reduce further bladder tumor recurrence rates or the interval to recurrence in patients who responded to the initial course of therapy. However, prolongation of toxicity was observed with maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy.