gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Korormicin A Kills Bacteria by Producing Reactive Oxygen Species (2019)

Korormicin is an antibiotic produced by some pseudoalteromonads which selectively kills Gram-negative bacteria that express the Na<sup>+</sup>-pumping NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR.) We show that although korormicin is an inhibitor of Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR, the antibiotic action is not a direct result of inhibiting enzyme activity. Instead, perturbation of electron transfer inside the enzyme promotes a reaction between O<sub>2</sub> and one or more redox cofactors in the enzyme (likely the flavin adenine dinucleotide [FAD] and 2Fe-2S center), leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> contain the <i>nqr</i> operon in their genomes, including <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> strain J010, which produces korormicin. We present activity data indicating that this strain expresses an active Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR and that this enzyme is not susceptible to korormicin inhibition. On the basis of our DNA sequence data, we show that the Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR of <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> J010 carries an amino acid substitution (NqrB-G141A; <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> numbering) that in other Na<sup>+</sup>-NQRs confers resistance against korormicin. This is likely the reason that a functional Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR is able to exist in a bacterium that produces a compound that typically inhibits this enzyme and causes cell death. Korormicin is an effective antibiotic against such pathogens as <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, <i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> but has no effect on <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> and <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i>, microorganisms that are important members of the human intestinal microflora.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> As multidrug antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria continues to rise, there is a critical need for novel antimicrobial agents. An essential requirement for a useful antibiotic is that it selectively targets bacteria without significant effects on the eukaryotic hosts. Korormicin is an excellent candidate in this respect because it targets a unique respiratory enzyme found only in prokaryotes, the Na<sup>+</sup>-pumping NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR). Korormicin is synthesized by some species of the marine bacterium <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> and is a potent and specific inhibitor of Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR, an enzyme that is essential for the survival and proliferation of many Gram-negative human pathogens, including <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, among others. Here, we identified how korormicin selectively kills these bacteria. The binding of korormicin to Na<sup>+</sup>-NQR promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species generated by the reaction of the FAD and the 2Fe-2S center cofactors with O<sub>2</sub>.
Colony-stimulating factor-1 expression in the human fetus and newborn (1995)

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. Because this cellular compartment undergoes major changes during fetal and neonatal life, we examined concurrent CSF-1 expression during human development. While levels increased dramatically after full-term birth, CSF-1 concentrations steadily declined in the preterm circulation from 2.7 to 1.9 times adult values as gestational age increased. CSF-1 was already detectable at 10 weeks gestation in spleen, intestine, lung, kidney, heart, and liver in order of decreasing concentration, but a positive correlation with gestational age was seen only in lung and intestine. Although a 4.4-kb CSF-1 mRNA was detectable in all tissues at all gestational ages, increased expression with advancing gestational age was observed in lung and kidney, whereas a rise and fall was observed in spleen. We conclude that CSF-1 concentration in the human circulation is developmentally regulated and that its expression in fetal tissues is compatible with its role in regulating the development of tissue mononuclear phagocytes.
Low-threshold lasing from organic and polymeric microdisk printed by room temperature atmosphere ink-jet technique (2015)

Novel microdisk optical 3D structure fabrication was demonstrated in a room temperature and atmospheric condition with tens-seconds processing duration. This additive manufacturing scheme of polymeric microdisk was based on the ink-jet technique with hyperbranched polymer TZ-001. And whispering-gallery mode (WGM) lasing with a low threshold was confirmed by doping LDS798 or Rhodamine 590 dyes. The diameters both 75 µm were archived. The WGM lasing at around 800 nm wavelength by the LDS798, and at around 600 nm by the Rhodamine 590. Low lasing threshold about 2~3 µJ/mm<sup>2 </sup> were confirmed. And shift of peak wavelength was observed on the Rhodamine590:TZ-001 disk.
Calpain May Contribute to Hereditary Cataract Formation in Sheep (2005)

The presence of calpains and calcium elevation during cataract formation suggests that proteolysis may play a role in opacification in ovine lens. This hypothesis is supported by the delay in opacification with SJA6017 treatment. The results also suggested that the ovine hereditary cataract is a useful nonrodent model to test the role of calpains in cataractogenesis.
Identification of (3<i>S</i>, 9<i>R</i>)- and (3<i>S</i>, 9<i>S</i>)-Megastigma-6,7-dien-3,5,9-triol 9-<i>O</i>-β-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranosides as Damascenone Progenitors in the… (2002)

The progenitors of damascenone (1), the most intensive C13-norisoprenoid volatile aroma constituent of rose essential oil, were surveyed in the flowers of Rosa damascena Mill. Besides 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-7,8-didehydro-beta-ionol (4b), a stable progenitor already isolated from the residual water after steam distillation of flowers of R. damascena Mill., two labile progenitors were identified to be (3S, 9R)- and (3S, 9S)-megastigma-6,7-dien-3,5,9-triol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranosides (2b) based on their synthesis and HPLC-MS analytical data. Compound 2b gave damascenone (1), 3-hydroxy-beta-damascone (3) and 4b upon heating under acidic conditions.
Stability of Antibiotics Used for Antibiotic-Lock Treatment of Infections of Implantable Venous Devices (Ports) (1999)

Antibiotic-lock is a treatment for catheter-related bloodstream infections in which a solution containing heparin and an antibiotic dwells in the lumen of the catheter or port. We tested the stability of vancomycin, cefazolin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, or ciprofloxacin combined with heparin after incubation in vitro at 25 or 37 degrees C for intervals of up to 10 days by bioassay. All the antibiotic solutions except ceftazidime retained >/=90% activity at both 25 and 37 degrees C. Thus, studies of antibiotic-heparin lock solutions with dwell times of up to 10 days are feasible.
Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice (1988)

To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urinary symptoms a questionnaire was sent to all women aged 25 and over and to women under 21 taking oral contraceptives registered with a rural practice (n = 937); the questionnaire was completed by 833 women (89%). The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 41% (343/833); rates were lower in nulliparous and postmenopausal women (30/181 (17%) and 120/344 (35%) respectively) than parous and premenopausal women (313/652 (48%) and 225/479 (47%) respectively). Incontinence was significantly associated with perineal suturing after childbirth, being present in 201 of 376 (53%) women with sutures compared with 113 of 270 (42%) without. Of the 166 women with a history of minor gynaecological surgery, 100 had symptoms of incontinence, compared with 263 of the 657 (37%) without such a history. Incontinence was not related to type of delivery, and postnatal exercises for the pelvic floor were not beneficial. Inappropriate leakage of urine is perceived by many women as common and therefore not serious; thus it is often not reported to the doctor. Nevertheless, the 6% of women who always require protection against leakage could be helped by treatment.
Studying of linearly graded buffer layer effect on quality of InGaAs on GaAs substrate (2012)

There has been extensive applcations in the area of photoelectronic device because InGaAs grown on the GaAs substrate have advantageous photoelectronic performance and adjustable band gap. The main obstacle to acquiring high crystalline quality of InGaAs grown on GaAs substrate comes from the large lattice mismatch between InGaAs overlayer and GaAs substrate. It is particularly detrimental to the structure and photoelectronic property of InGaAs thin films that lager roughness of surface and high misfit dislocation density is introduced because of the defect onset during the growth. The In<sub>0.1</sub>Ga<sub>0.9</sub>As layers with and without linearly graded buffer layers grown on GaAs substrate had been studied. The investigations were performed by applying atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution X-ray diffractometry (HR XRD). A linearly graded buffer layer is effective for lowering the misfit dislocation density in In<sub>0.1</sub>Ga<sub>0.9</sub>As layers on a GaAs substrate, but it can not end the dislocation in buffer layer completely. All above-mentioned is also confirmed in HRXRD results.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENEMBAKAN MENGGUNAKAN MOTOR SERVO MG996R UNTUK AUTONOMOUS ROBOT GUN (ARO-GUN) (2023)

Teknologi persenjataan yang terus berkembang dan semakin canggih menjadikan negara-negara terus mengembangkan senjata otomatis. Sebab, pengendalian pergerakan dan posisi senjata yang dilakukan secara manual sangat sulit mendapatkan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi, sehingga ketidakakuratan dalam penembakan dapat menimbulkan korban jiwa. Untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahan dan ketidakakuratan dalam penembakan serta mempermudah kinerja militer dalam penggunaan senjata, maka dibutuhkan penggerak senjata secara otomatis. Pada penilitian ini dikembangkan sebuah produk bernama ARO-GUN yang dapat melakukan penguncian dan penembakan target dengan menggunakan motor DC jenis servo MG996R. Produk ARO-GUN ini berdasarkan pengujian memiliki tingkat akurasi dalam melakukan penguncian dan penembakan pada sumbu X rata-rata sebesar 98,51% dan rata-rata error sebesar 1,50% sedangkan pada sumbu Y memiliki tingkat akurasi rata-rata sebesar 97,97% dan rata-rata errorsebesar 1,94%.
An image processing board with an MPEG processor and additional confidence calculation for fast and robust optic flow generation in real environments (2002)

This paper describes a vision system based on a PC-board which can calculate a sparse but robust optic flow at frame rate. A correlation chip, which was originally designed for MPEG video compression, is used to calculate displacement vectors between blocks of pixels in consecutive frames. The main disadvantage of similar approaches, the noisiness of the displacement field in areas with weak structure, is compensated by a computational inexpensive confidence criterion, which is calculated for each vector in hardware. The performance of the criterion and the improvements in the flow field are demonstrated by experiments.
Exploiting Double Exchange Diels-Alder Cycloadditions for Immobilization of Peptide Nucleic Acids on Gold Nanoparticles (2020)

The generation of PNA-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has revealed to be more difficult as compared to the generation of DNA-functionalized ones. The less polar nature of this artificial nucleic acid system and the associated tendency of the neutral poly-amidic backbone to aspecifically adsorb onto the gold surface rather than forming a covalent bond through gold-thiol interaction, combined with the low solubility of PNAs itself, form the main limiting factors in the functionalization of AuNP. Here, we provide a convenient methodology that allows to easily conjugate PNAs to AuNP. Positively charged PNAs containing a masked furan moiety were immobilized via a double exchange Diels-Alder cycloaddition onto masked maleimide-functionalized AuNPs in a one-pot fashion. Conjugated PNA strands retain their ability to selectively hybridize with target DNA strands. Moreover, the duplexes resulting from hybridization can be detached through a retro-Diels-Alder reaction, thus allowing straightforward catch-and-release of specific nucleic acid targets.
Synthesis of New Sulfur Heteroaromatics Isoelectronic with Dibenzo[<i>g</i>,<i>p</i>]chrysene by Photocyclization of Thienyl- and Phenyl-Substituted Ethenes (1996)

A series of new sulfur heteroarenes, isoelectronic with dibenzo[g,p]chrysene, have been prepared by double photocyclization of the corresponding tetraaryl substituted ethenes. The first step proceeds efficiently in each case, and the corresponding intermediate sulfur heteroarenes, isoelectronic with phenanthrene, have been isolated. The second ring closure is only efficient when one of the participating aryl substituents is thienyl, which thus manifests a higher electron density on the carbon atom involved in the excited singlet state reaction. Most of the new compounds are of minimal solubility in common solvents and do not display improved electron donor properties otherwise commonly found among heteroaromatics.
Joint Transform Time-Integrating Acousto-Optic Correlator For Chirp Spectrum Analysis (1981)

A time-integrating optical processor is configured for one-dimensional chirp correlation spectrum analysis. A unique optical implementa-tion, utilizing Te02 shear wave acousto-optic cells, is designed to operate in a configuration which allows wide bandwidth diffraction to both the positive and negative first diffraction orders. The result is high optical throughput efficiency, excellent fringe visibility, and a coaxial system design. Chirp linearity experiments confirm coherence requirements for chirp transform processors.
Precursor B Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Surface Light Chain Immunoglobulin Restriction: A Report of 15 Patients (2004)

We describe 15 patients (9 children) with precursor B-cell (pB) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with surface immunoglobulin (sIg) light chain restriction revealed by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI). The same sIg+ immunophenotype was present at diagnosis and in 3 relapses in 1 patient. In 15 patients, blasts were CD19+ CD10+ (bright coexpression) in 14, CD34+ in 12, surface kappa+ in 12, surface lambda+ in 3; in 8 of 8, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)+; and in 4, surface IgD+ in 2 and surface IgM+ in 1. The 3 CD34- cases included 1 TdT+ case, 1 with t(1;19)(q23;p13), and 1 infant with 70% marrow blasts. One adult had CD10- CD19+ CD20- CD22+ CD34+ TdT+ sIg+ blasts with t(2;11)(p21;q23). Blasts were L1 or L2 in all cases (French-American-British classification). Karyotypic analysis in 12 of 12 analyzable cases was negative for 8q24 (myc) translocation. Karyotypic abnormalities, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 6 cases, included hyperdiploidy, t(1;19)(q23;p13), t(12;21)(p13;q22), t(9;22)(q34;q11), t(2;11)(p21;q23), and trisomy 12. The sIg light chain restriction in pB ALL might be present in neoplasms arising from the early, intermediate, and late stages of precursor B-cell maturation; sIg light chain restriction revealed by FCI does not necessarily indicate a mature B-cell phenotype, further emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing B-lymphoid neoplasms.
Analysis of the Y402H Variant of the Complement Factor H Gene in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2006)

purpose. Recent studies in U.S. populations have indicated that the Y402H variant of the complement factor H (CFH) gene contains a major risk susceptibility allele for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was conducted to ascertain whether this is also true in a non-U.S. population and also whether the at-risk allele is associated with the clinical phenotype of disease and the age at diagnosis. methods. Two hundred thirty-six unrelated individuals with AMD and 144 unrelated but ethnically matched control subjects were recruited and examined. All subjects completed a standard questionnaire, were given a fundus examination, and provided a blood sample for DNA extraction. Alleles of Y402H in the CFH gene were determined by use of a MALDI-TOF–based approach followed by statistical analysis. results. Individuals with AMD who had at least one copy of the C allele of Y402H had an increased risk of disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–4.93) compared with cases with the T allele. On subgroup analysis, this risk was found to be most significant in individuals with neovascular disease (OR 4.34; 95% CI 1.94, 9.71). In addition, individuals with neovascular disease who were homozygous CC presented with a significant 7.0-year earlier age at diagnosis relative to those individuals who were homozygous TT. The population-attributable risk for the C allele ranged between 47% to 69%, depending on the AMD disease subtype. conclusions. The C allele of Y402H represents a significant risk factor in individuals with AMD, and this effect is most pronounced in individuals with neovascular disease.
A gated clock scheme for low power scan testing of logic ICs or embedded cores (2002)

Test power is now a big concern in large system-on-chip designs. In this paper, we present a novel approach for minimizing power consumption during scan testing of integrated circuits or embedded cores. The proposed low power technique is based on a gated clock scheme for the scan path and the clock tree feeding the scan path. The idea is to reduce the clock rate on scan cells during shift operations without increasing the test time. Numerous advantages can be found in applying such a technique.
Numerical investigation of phase relationships in an oscillating sessile drop (2015)

Forced linear oscillations of a viscous drop placed on a horizontal surface vibrating in perpendicular direction are investigated. The problem is solved for two cases: (1) constant contact angle, and (2) pinned contact line. Phase-frequency and amplitude-frequency characteristics of oscillations of the drop apex are found for the first axisymmetrical mode of oscillations. The independence of the difference of oscillation phases of the drop apex and the substrate on fluid density, viscosity, surface tension, and drop size as well as on presence or absence of the gravity force was demonstrated.
KASH-domain proteins in nuclear migration, anchorage and other processes (2006)

The nucleus in eukaryotic cells can move within the cytoplasm, and its position is crucial for many cellular events, including migration and differentiation. Nuclear anchorage and movement can be achieved through association of outer nuclear membrane (ONM) proteins with the three cytoskeletal systems. Two decades ago studies described C. elegans mutants with defects in such events, but only recently has it been shown that the strategies for nuclear positioning are indeed conserved in C. elegans, Drosophila, mammals and potentially all eukaryotes. The integral ONM proteins implicated in these processes thus far all contain a conserved Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne homology (KASH) domain at their C-terminus that can associate with Sad1p/UNC-84 (SUN)-domain proteins of the inner nuclear membrane within the periplasmic space of the nuclear envelope (NE). The complex thus formed is responsible not only for association with cytoplasmic elements but also for the integrity of the NE itself.
Trophic Interactions in Subtidal Rocky Reefs on the West Coast of South Africa (2008)

The chapter summarizes the ecology of the subtidal reefs of South Africa. Discussions include the role of wind, productivity, and oceanographic conditions, the important role of currents and the physical forces as well as the species interactions, including rock lobsters, abalone, and sea urchins.
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) (2010)

Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) is a set of specifications that defines interfaces between components of the same system, most notably in servers; these interfaces provide information on the status of environmental variables such as voltage, temperature, and fan status. IPMI, which has grown significantly within the past five years, is generally used in computers to keep the system in check. However, the Controls Department at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory wants to find a way to implement IPMI in its standalone chassis. First, it is imperative to study how IPMI is used in a computer before actually going about designing a system that implements IPMI. Next, the proper parts of the system must be determined before research can be conducted on finding these parts. In addition to finding the right chips, figuring out the proper connections between these parts is just as important. While the system wasn’t constructed during the course of the project, the general process of designing the system from scratch is outlined.
Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling cascade as a regulator of the inflammation network during alcoholic liver disease (2014)

Chronic abuse of alcohol leads to various histological abnormalities in the liver. These are conditions collectively known as alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Currently, ALD is considered to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. An impaired intestinal barrier with related endotoxemia is among the various pathogenetic factors. This is mainly characterized by circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), considered critical for the onset of intra-hepatic inflammation. This in turn promotes hepatocellular damage and fibrosis in ALD. Elevated levels of LPS exert their effects by binding to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which are expressed by all liver-resident cells. The activation of TLR signaling triggers an overproduction and release of some cytokines, which promote an autocatalytic cascade of other pro-inflammatory signals. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that sustain LPS-mediated activation of TLR signaling, reporting current experimental and clinical evidence of its role during inflammation in ALD.
Novel microfabrication approach of embedded <inline-formula><math altimg="none" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mrow><mi>SU</mi><mn>8</mn><mo>™</mo></mrow></math></inline-formula> fluidic networks for cell transport on chips (2006)

We focus on the development and fabrication of SU8TM-based microchannel networks, which can be integrated into microdevices for fast drug delivery and cell transport on chips. Instead of using sacrificial materials or wafer bonding, a new simplified fabrication method is developed. Single- and double-layered SU8TM channels on silicon substrates are successfully achieved by using this new method, as well as integration of these SU8 channels with microelectrode arrays. A series of cell transport experiments is also successfully performed on these devices. This new fabrication approach and the resulting cell transport experiments are discussed in detail.