gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kard: lightweight data race detection with per-thread memory protection (2021)

Finding data race bugs in multi-threaded programs has proven challenging. A promising direction is to use dynamic detectors that monitor the program’s execution for data races. However, despite extensive work on dynamic data race detection, most proposed systems for commodity hardware incur prohibitive overheads due to expensive compiler instrumentation of memory accesses; hence, they are not efficient enough to be used in all development and testing settings.
Vibration-based secure side channel for medical devices (2015)

Implantable and wearable medical devices are used for monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment of an ever-increasing range of medical conditions, leading to an improved quality of life for patients. The addition of wireless connectivity to medical devices has enabled post-deployment tuning of therapy and access to device data virtually anytime and anywhere but, at the same time, has led to the emergence of security attacks as a critical concern. While cryptography and secure communication protocols may be used to address most known attacks, the lack of a viable secure connection establishment and key exchange mechanism is a fundamental challenge that needs to be addressed. We propose a vibration-based secure side channel between an external device (medical programmer or smartphone) and a medical device. Vibration is an intrinsically short-range, user-perceptible channel that is suitable for realizing physically secure communication at low energy and size/weight overheads. We identify and address key challenges associated with the vibration channel, and propose a vibration-based wakeup and key exchange scheme, named SecureVibe, that is resistant to battery drain attacks. We analyze the risk of acoustic eavesdropping attacks and propose an acoustic masking countermeasure. We demonstrate and evaluate vibration-based wakeup and key exchange between a smartphone and a prototype medical device in the context of a realistic human body model.
Towards coverage closure: Using GoldMine assertions for generating design validation stimulus (2011)

We present a methodology to generate input stimulus for design validation using GoldMine, an automatic assertion generation engine that uses data mining and formal verification. GoldMine mines the simulation traces of a behavioral Register Transfer Level (RTL) design using a decision tree based learning algorithm to produce candidate assertions. These candidate assertions are passed to a formal verification engine. If a candidate assertion is false, a counterexample trace is generated. In this work, we feed these counterexample traces to iteratively refine the original simulation trace data. We introduce an incremental decision tree to mine the new traces in each iteration. The algorithm converges when all the candidate assertions are true. We prove that our algorithm will always converge and capture the complete functionality of an output on convergence. We show that our method always results in a monotonic increase in simulation coverage. We also present an output-centric notion of coverage, and argue that we can attain coverage closure with respect to this notion of coverage. Experimental results to validate our arguments are presented on several designs from Rigel, OpenRisc and SpaceWire.
Spinning wave plate design for retinal birefringence scanning (2009)

To enhance foveal fixation detection while bypassing the deleterious effects of corneal birefringence in retinal birefringence scanning (RBS), we developed a new RBS design introducing a double-pass spinning half wave plate (HWP) and a fixed double-pass retarder into the optical system. Utilizing the measured corneal birefringence from a data set of 300 human eyes, an algorithm and a related computer program, based on Mueller-Stokes matrix calculus, were developed in MATLAB for optimizing the properties of both wave plates. Foveal fixation detection was optimized with the HWP spun 9/16 as fast as the circular scan, with the fixed retarder having a retardance of 45° and fast axis at 90°. With this new RBS design, a significant statistical improvement of 7.3 times in signal strength, i.e. FFT power, was achieved for the available data set compared with the previous RBS design. The computer-model-optimized RBS design has the potential not only for eye alignment screening, but also for remote fixation sensing and eye tracking applications.
Recent advances in Quantum Dot material for microwave semiconductor lasers and amplifiers (2006)

Quantum dot material offers new perspectives for the development of low-cost, high performing semiconductor laser and amplifiers. The 3D quantification of the energy levels in quantum dots leads to potentially high optical gain and efficiency, and thus the possibility of operation at lower currents than quantum well devices. Better resistance to temperature change, lower linewidth enhancement factor and lower noise are also expected. The elaboration and the basic properties of the quantum dot material for laser and amplifiers will be first presented. Then the main device performance will be detailed, as well as the disruptive properties already obtained. Potentials for microwave photonic applications will be discussed
The Notch ligand Jagged1 as a target for anti-tumor therapy (2014)

The Notch pathway is increasingly attracting attention as a source of therapeutic targets for cancer. Ligand-induced Notch signaling has been implicated in various aspects of cancer biology; as a consequence, pan-Notch inhibitors and therapeutic antibodies targeting one or more of the Notch receptors have been investigated for cancer therapy. Alternatively, Notch ligands provide attractive options for therapy in cancer treatment due to their more restricted expression and better-defined functions, as well as their low rate of mutations in cancer. One of the Notch ligands, Jagged1 (JAG1), is overexpressed in many cancer types, and plays an important role in several aspects of tumor biology. In fact, JAG1-stimulated Notch activation is directly implicated in tumor growth through maintaining cancer stem cell populations, promoting cell survival, inhibiting apoptosis, and driving cell proliferation and metastasis. In addition, JAG1 can indirectly affect cancer by influencing tumor microenvironment components such as tumor vasculature and immune cell infiltration. This article gives an overview of JAG1 and its role in tumor biology, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Toward Continuous, Noninvasive Assessment of Ventricular Function and Hemodynamics: Wearable Ballistocardiography (2014)

Ballistocardiography, the measurement of the reaction forces of the body to cardiac ejection of blood, is one of the few techniques available for unobtrusively assessing the mechanical aspects of cardiovascular health outside clinical settings. Recently, multiple experimental studies involving healthy subjects and subjects with various cardiovascular diseases have demonstrated that the ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal can be used to trend cardiac output, contractility, and beat-by-beat ventricular function for arrhythmias. The majority of these studies has been performed with "fixed" BCG instrumentation-such as weighing scales or chairs-rather than wearable measurements. Enabling wearable, and thus continuous, recording of BCG signals would greatly expand the capabilities of the technique; however, BCG signals measured using wearable devices are morphologically dissimilar to measurements from "fixed" instruments, precluding the analysis and interpretation techniques from one domain to be applied to the other. In particular, the time intervals between the electrocardiogram (ECG) and BCG-namely, the R-J interval, a surrogate for measuring contractility changes-are significantly different for the accelerometer compared to a "fixed" BCG measurement. This paper addresses this need for quantitatively normalizing wearable BCG measurement to "fixed" measurements with a systematic experimental approach. With these methods, the same analysis and interpretation techniques developed over the past decade for "fixed" BCG measurement can be successfully translated to wearable measurements.
Expression of the gene encoding aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19) in fetal tissues. (1994)

The formation of estrogens from C19 steroids is catalyzed by a specific form of cytochrome P450, aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene). In previous studies we have demonstrated that in adult human tissues and placenta, expression of the CYP19 gene is regulated in part by means of tissue-specific promoters through the use of alternative splicing mechanisms. In addition to placenta, a number of fetal tissues express aromatase, including liver, intestine, skin, and brain. To characterize the CYP19 transcripts present in these and other fetal tissues, we have used reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction to amplify sequences corresponding to the various untranslated exons from RNA extracted from these tissues. In addition, we have prepared cDNA libraries using RNA from these tissues by the method of rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Sequencing of clones derived from these libraries has been employed to confirm the presence of sequence corresponding to untranslated exons at the 5'-ends of P450arom transcripts. Based on these findings, we conclude that in fetal tissues other than placenta, transcripts containing sequence found in the exon we have previously named I.4 appear to be the most common. Such sequences have been found in cells in which P450arom expression is stimulated by glucocorticoids. Thus, the presence of such transcripts in fetal liver RNA is consistent with our previous observations that aromatase activity in fetal hepatocytes is stimulated by glucocorticoids. Secondly, transcripts are present in the fetal adrenal, although no aromatase activity has ever been detected in this tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-precision measurement of free spectral range of etalon (2006)

A novel measurement technique to determine the free spectral range of an etalon utilising a modified Pound-Drever-Hall technique is demonstrated with better than 1 part in 10(4) precision.
Estimation of tensors and tensor‐derived measures in diffusional kurtosis imaging (2010)

This article presents two related advancements to the diffusional kurtosis imaging estimation framework to increase its robustness to noise, motion, and imaging artifacts. The first advancement substantially improves the estimation of diffusion and kurtosis tensors parameterizing the diffusional kurtosis imaging model. Rather than utilizing conventional unconstrained least squares methods, the tensor estimation problem is formulated as linearly constrained linear least squares, where the constraints ensure physically and/or biologically plausible tensor estimates. The exact solution to the constrained problem is found via convex quadratic programming methods or, alternatively, an approximate solution is determined through a fast heuristic algorithm. The computationally more demanding quadratic programming-based method is more flexible, allowing for an arbitrary number of diffusion weightings and different gradient sets for each diffusion weighting. The heuristic algorithm is suitable for real-time settings such as on clinical scanners, where run time is crucial. The advantage offered by the proposed constrained algorithms is demonstrated using in vivo human brain images. The proposed constrained methods allow for shorter scan times and/or higher spatial resolution for a given fidelity of the diffusional kurtosis imaging parametric maps. The second advancement increases the efficiency and accuracy of the estimation of mean and radial kurtoses by applying exact closed-form formulae.
Factors affecting graft force in surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (1990)

The effect of the maximum unloaded graft length (Lo) and femoral fixation hole location on graft force with the knee under anteriorly directed tibial loads was measured in five fresh cadaver knees with a reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The reconstruction was performed using a composite graft consisting of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons augmented with the Kennedy ligament augmentation device (LAD). Buckle transducers were used to measure ligament and graft forces. The total graft force was adjusted to match the intact ACL at 30 degrees flexion using a force-setting method so that a standardized reference configuration could be repeatedly obtained. The graft force was highly sensitive to Lo, typically changing by 50% with a change in Lo of 3 mm. Variation in femoral hole location of 5 mm anterior, posterior, proximal, and distal to the anatomic position produced changes in graft force, particularly at 60 degrees and 90 degrees flexion; however, these changes were not statistically significant. The effect of femoral hole location varied considerably between knees. This variability makes predicting proper hole placement difficult, and suggests the need to adjust each knee at surgery to account for this variable femoral hole position sensitivity.
Content Protection Interoperability Challenges and Opportunities in the Home Environment (2005)

The increasing use of digital media and home networks is creating among consumers the expectation that content should be able to move seamlessly around the home. For the PC and consumer electronics industries, this represents a unique opportunity to create the next generation of devices and software that will deliver a unique user experience. For content producers and distributors, this convergence creates opportunities for new business models and increased sales. — However, there are significant technical and business challenges, including making it easier for consumers to set up these complex systems and addressing interoperability issues. Perhaps the most critical area is content protection, for without appropriate safeguards premium commercial content will not be widely available on these emerging systems. — In this paper, I cover some of these trends as well as ongoing efforts to improve interoperability of devices and content to create a compelling digital media ecosystem. The focus is on content protection and digital rights management (DRM) aspects.
Deuterated Liquid Scintillators: A New Tool for Neutron Measurements (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. Ojaruega, F. D. Becchetti, A. N. Villano, R. Torres‐Isea, A. Roberts, J. J. Kolata, C. C. Lawrence, S. A. Pozzi, M. Flaska, S. D. Clarke; Deuterated Liquid Scintillators: A New Tool for Neutron Measurements. AIP Conf. Proc. 13 December 2011; 1412 (1): 249–253. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3665321 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Tensioned diaphragm mounting for an electroacoustic transducer (1979)

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Complexity-Reduced Algorithms for LDPC Decoder for DVB-S2 Systems (2005)

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes two kinds of complexityreduced algorithms for a low density parity check (LDPC) decoder. First, sequential decoding using a partial group is proposed. It has the same hardware complexity and requires a fewer number of iterations with little performance loss. The amount of performance loss can be determined by the designer, based on a tradeoff with the desired reduction in complexity. Second, an early detection method for reducing the computational complexity is proposed. Using a confidence criterion, some bit nodes and check node edges are detected early on during decoding. Once the edges are detected, no further iteration is required; thus early detection reduces the computational complexity.
Three-Terminal Nanoelectromechanical Field Effect Transistor with Abrupt Subthreshold Slope (2014)

We report the first experimental demonstration of a three-terminal nanoelectromechanical field effect transistor (NEMFET) with measurable subthreshold slope as small as 6 mV/dec at room temperature and a switching voltage window of under 2 V. The device operates by modulating drain current through a suspended nanowire channel via an insulated gate electrode, thus eliminating the need for a conducting moving electrode, and yields devices that reliably switch on/off for up to 130 cycles. Radio-frequency measurements have confirmed operation at 125 MHz. Our measurements and simulations suggest that the NEMFET design is scalable toward sub-1 V ultrahigh-frequency operation for future low-power computing systems.
How accurately can one's interests be inferred from friends (2010)

Search and recommendation systems must effectively model user interests in order to provide personalized results. The proliferation of social software makes social network an increasingly important source for user interest modeling, because of the social influence and correlation among friends. However, there are large variations in people's contribution of social content. Therefore, it is impractical to accurately model interests for all users. As a result, applications need to decide whether to utilize a user interest model based on its accuracy. To address this challenge, we present a study on the accuracy of user interests inferred from three types of social content: social bookmarking, file sharing, and electronic communication, in an organizational social network within a large-scale enterprise. First, we demonstrate that combining different types of social content to infer user interests outperforms methods that use only one type of social content. Second, we present a technique to predict the inference accuracy based on easily observed network characteristics, including user activeness, network in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality.
<title>Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the prostate</title> (1999)

Ultrasonography, a widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and staging of many diseases, is an important cost- effective technique, however, technical improvements are necessary to realize its full potential. Two-dimensional viewing of 3D anatomy, using conventional ultrasonography, limits our ability to quantify and visualize most diseases, causing, in part, the reported variability in diagnosis and ultrasound guided therapy and surgery. This occurs because conventional ultrasound images are 2D, yet the anatomy is 3D; hence the diagnostician must integrate multiple images in his mind. This practice is inefficient, and may lead to operator variability and incorrect diagnoses. In addition, the 2D ultrasound image represents a single thin plane at some arbitrary angle in the body. It is difficult to localize and reproduce the image plane subsequently, making conventional ultrasonography unsatisfactory for follow-up studies and for monitoring therapy. Our efforts have focused on overcoming these deficiencies by developing 3D ultrasound imaging techniques that can acquire B-mode, color Doppler and power Doppler images. An inexpensive desktop computer is used to reconstruct the information in 3D, and then is also used for interactive viewing of the 3D images. We have used 3D ultrasound images for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, carotid disease, breast cancer and liver disease and for applications in obstetrics and gynecology. In addition, we have also used 3D ultrasonography for image-guided minimally invasive therapeutic applications of the prostate such as cryotherapy and brachytherapy.
Two-dimensional reconstruction algorithm of an inverse-geometry volumetric CT system (2007)

An inverse-geometry volumetric CT (IGCT) system uses a large source array opposite a smaller detector array. Conventional 2D IGCT reconstruction is performed by using gridding. We describe a 2D IGCT reconstruction algorithm without gridding. The IGCT raw data can be viewed as being composed of many fan beams, each with a detector at its focus. Each projection is undersampled but the missing samples are provided by other views. In order to get high spatial resolution, zeros are inserted between acquired projection samples in each fan beam, and reconstruction is performed using a direct fan beam reconstruction algorithm. Initial IGCT reconstruction results showed ringing artifacts caused by fact that the rho samples in the ensemble of views are not equally spaced. We present a new method for correcting the errors that reduces the artifacts to below one Hounsfield Unit
Heusler compounds with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and large tunneling magnetoresistance (2017)

In the present work we suggest a recipe for finding tetragonal Heusler compounds with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) that also exhibit large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) when used as electrodes in magnetic tunnel junction devices with suitable tunneling barrier materials. We performed density-functional theory calculations for 286 Heusler compounds and identified 116 stable tetragonal compounds. Ten of these compounds are predicted to have strong PMA and, simultaneously, exponentially increasing TMR with increasing tunneling barrier thickness due to the so-called Brillouin zone spin filtering effect. Experimental measurements performed for 25 Heusler compounds theoretically identified as tetragonal show that ten of these compounds indeed have tetragonal structure with PMA.
Performance estimation and slack matching for pipelined asynchronous architectures with choice (2008)

This paper presents a fast analytical method for estimating the throughput of pipelined asynchronous systems, and then applies that method to develop a fast solution to the problem of pipelining matching. The approach targets systems with hierarchical topologies, which typically result when high-level (block structured) language specifications are compiled into data-driven circuit implementations. A significant contribution is that our approach is the first to efficiently handle architectures with choice (i.e., the presence of conditional computation constructs such if-then-else and conditional loops).The key idea behind the fast speed of our analysis method is to exploit information about the hierarchy of a given block-structured system, thereby yielding a runtime that is linear in the number of pipeline stages. In contrast, existing approaches typically represent an entire system as a single Petri net or marked graph, and then apply Markov chain analysis or other state enumeration methods with costly runtimes.Building upon our analysis approach, we introduce a novel solution to the problem of slack matching, i.e., determining optimal insertion of FIFO stages into a pipelined design to improve performance. We present both an optimal solution using an MILP formulation, and a fast heuristic algorithm that yielded optimal results for all of our examples.
Multi-broadband monopole disc antennas (2004)

Several wire (or patch-) loaded monopole disc antennas are proposed for multi-broadband wireless applications. The antennas provide broad bandwidth in multiple bands by simple geometry modifications from conventional monopole disc antennas A prototype was built using a PICA (Planar Inverted Cone Antenna) by loading a wire on top of the antenna. Numerical and experimental results show that the wire-loaded PICA antenna covers commercial wireless bands of AMPS, GSM, DCS, PCS and even ISM in the single antenna element. The antenna does not need matching network. The antenna also provides typical monopole-type omni-directional patterns with a gain of 3-4 dBi over the commercial bands. The proposed wire (or patch) loaded monopole disc antennas have great potential for wireless communication applications.