gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow graphitized carbon nanofibers for lithium ion battery anodes (2013)

Silicon (Si) is a promising material for lithium ion battery (LIB) anodes due to its high specific capacity. To overcome its shortcomings such as insulation property and large volume change during the charge-discharge process, a novel hybrid system, Si nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow graphitized carbon nanofibers, is studied. First, electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Si hybrid nanofibers were obtained using water as the collector. The loose nanofiber lumps suspended in water have large inter-fiber distance, allowing in situ coating of a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA), the source for graphitized carbon, uniformly throughout the system. The designed morphology and structure were then realized by etching and calcination, and the morphology and structure were subsequently verified by various analytical techniques. Electrochemical measurements show that the resulting hollow hybrid nanofibers (C-PDA-Si NFs) exhibit much better cycling stability and rate capacity than conventional C/Si nanofibers derived by electrospinning of PAN-Si followed by calcination. For instance, the capacity of C-PDA-Si NFs is as high as 72.6% of the theoretical capacity after 50 cycles, and a high capacity of 500 mA h g(-1) can be delivered at a current density of 5 A g(-1). The significantly improved electrochemical properties of C-PDA-Si NFs are due to the excellent electrical conductivity of the carbonized PDA (C-PDA) shell that compensates for the insulation property of Si, the high electrochemical activity of C-PDA, which has a layered structure and is N-doped, the hollow nature of the nanofibers and small size of Si nanoparticles that ensure smooth insertion-extraction of lithium ions and more complete alloying with them, as well as the buffering effect of the remaining PAN-derived carbon around the Si nanoparticles, which stabilizes the structure.
Vstupy cvičných učitelů do rozvíjejících se pedagogickýchdovedností studentů (2004)

Kapitola je věnovana charakteristice vybraných intervenci,
ktere fakultni cvicni ucitele uplatňuji při rozvijeni
pedagogických dovednosti studentů ucitelstvi primarni skoly.
REVIEWS The Artist at Work: Narrative Technique in Chrétien de Troyes. By MULLALLYEVELYN. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, Part 4, 1988). Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1988. 242 pp. (1991)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Artist at Work: Narrative Technique in Chrétien de Troyes. By EVELYN MULLALLY. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 78, Part 4, 1988). Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1988. 242 pp. KAREN PRATT KAREN PRATT GOLDSMITH'S COLLEGELONDON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XLV, Issue 1, January 1991, Pages 64–65, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XLV.1.64 Published: 01 January 1991
Encoding meal in integrated vagal afferent discharge. (2004)

Vagal afferents are integral part of the negative feedback loop induced by constitution and size of food stomach and jejunum. Aim of this study was to assess vagal discharge in response to food and gastric distension in rats. Electrophysiological recordings of vagal afferents in fasted (n=32), fed rats (n=20) and during gastric balloon distension (n=12) were performed. After 60 minutes of fasted nerve recording tube feeding was done. Fasted rats also underwent gastric distension via oesophagus. Vagal afferents discharges were analysed with dual time-amplitude window discriminator. Total vagal afferent discharge in fasted and fed rats revealed 0.3 +/- 0.12 vs 0.56 +/- 0.22 Hz (p<0.05). We observed two distinct discharge patterns: high amplitude low frequency (HALF) and low amplitude high frequency (LAHF). HALF spikes were observed more frequent in fasted than in fed rats (0.05 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.016 Hz (p<0.05). Conversely LAHF spikes in fed rats predominated over their occurrence in fasted rats: 0.52 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.12 Hz (p<0.05). Left vagal afferents discharge rises with gastric distension of 6, 8 and 10 ml and were: 0.46 +/- 0.22 Hz, 0.65 +/- 0.31 Hz, 0.86 +/- 0.33 Hz (p<0.05) respectively. Similar discharge showed right vagal afferents: 0.41 +/- 0.08 Hz, 0.51 +/- 0.13 Hz and 0.77 +/- 0.27 Hz (p<0.05) for 6, 8 and 10 ml of distension, respectively. We conclude that interdigestive information from gastrointestinal tract is encoded in high amplitude low frequency of spikes pattern in the vagus nerves.
High-performance InP-based resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetector based on InP/air-gap Bragg reflectors (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate the design, fabrication and characterization of a long wavelength InP-based resonant cavity photodetector with InP/air-gap Bragg reflectors by using selective wet etching. The bottom mirror of the RCE photodetector is the InP/air-gap Bragg reflector; the top mirror is formed by the interface of semiconductor/air. The In0.53Ga0.47As absorption layer thickness is 300nm. A peak quantum efficiency of 60% at 1510nm and a 3-dB bandwidth of 16GHz are achieved with the active area of 50×50μm<sup>2</sup>. The dark current as low as 2nA was achieved at reverse bias of 3.0V.
Understanding and addressing the noise induced by electrostatic discharge in multiple power supply systems (2002)

The design of on-chip ESD protection has become increasingly difficult and critical because of shrinking device feature sizes, high operating speed, and system on a chip (SoC) environments. A complex ESD protection network in an SoC can cause the degradation of circuit performance during normal operation. The loss introduced by ESD stress and protection networks is defined as ESD noise. In this paper, we present the generation and characterization of three different types of noise induced by ESD. The effect of ESD protection networks on sensitive circuits is investigated with a test chip processed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Experimental results suggest appropriate optimization of a tradeoff between ESD robustness and power supply coupling. It is important to note that, for mixed-signal design, the performance of a sensitive circuit is highly dependent on the ESD noise generated in the vicinity of the sensitive circuit, as well as circuit design techniques.
Transcoronary gradient of plasma microRNA 423-5p in heart failure: evidence of altered myocardial expression (2014)

The difference in transcoronary gradients between HF outpatients and controls suggests that miR-423-5p has a cardiac origin. The positive correlation between miR-423-5p and BNP transcoronary gradients supports this hypothesis.
Estimating semiconductor yield from equipment particle measurements (2003)

The authors describe the application of yield models to define the relative contribution of equipment to particle limited yield and outline methods for developing a detailed yield model which includes process characteristics, equipment particle measurements, and product design characteristics. Collecting equipment particle per wafer pass (PWP) measurements using particle measurement systems and validating model results are also discussed. These methods are illustrated using published equipment particle and process flow information. It is noted that use of detailed yield models is not restricted to the newest technologies. Integrating equipment PWP measurements in existing manufacturing operations allows use of yield models for improving existing processes. Continuous improvement from particle reduction increases yields in all stages of product maturity. Thus, using PWP measurements and yield models to estimate semiconductor yield from equipment particle measurements can improve semiconductor manufacturing productivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Fucoidan on Chronic Renal Failure in Rats (2003)

The effects of fucoidan on chronic renal failure (CRF) were investigated in vivo in a subtotal nephrectomy CRF model and a cryoinjury induced CRF model in rats. Fucoidan showed renoprotective effects in both models. Fucoidan (100 or 200 mg/kg, orally) significantly decreased elevated serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Histopathological changes of renal tubules and interstitium were markedly alleviated by fucoidan and the mesangial areas were also greatly reduced. The activities of fucoidan were dose-dependent.
GPER activation protects against epithelial barrier disruption by Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin (2019)

Sex bias in innate defense against Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) is dependent on both estrogen production by the host and S. aureus secretion of the virulence factor, α-hemolysin (Hla). The impact of estrogen signaling on the immune system is most often studied in terms of the nuclear estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. However, the potential contribution of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) to innate defense against infectious disease, particularly with respect to skin infection, has not been addressed. Using a murine model of SSTI, we found that GPER activation with the highly selective agonist G-1 limits S. aureus SSTI and Hla-mediated pathogenesis, effects that were absent in GPER knockout mice. Specifically, G-1 reduced Hla-mediated skin lesion formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while increasing bacterial clearance. In vitro, G-1 reduced surface expression of the Hla receptor, ADAM10, in a human keratinocyte cell line and increased resistance to Hla-mediated permeability barrier disruption. This novel role for GPER activation in skin innate defense against infectious disease suggests that G-1 may have clinical utility in patients with epithelial permeability barrier dysfunction or who are otherwise at increased risk of S. aureus infection, including those with atopic dermatitis or cancer.
Broadband achromatic dielectric metalenses (2018)

Metasurfaces offer a unique platform to precisely control optical wavefronts and enable the realization of flat lenses, or metalenses, which have the potential to substantially reduce the size and complexity of imaging systems and to realize new imaging modalities. However, it is a major challenge to create achromatic metalenses that produce a single focal length over a broad wavelength range because of the difficulty in simultaneously engineering phase profiles at distinct wavelengths on a single metasurface. For practical applications, there is a further challenge to create broadband achromatic metalenses that work in the transmission mode for incident light waves with any arbitrary polarization state. We developed a design methodology and created libraries of meta-units-building blocks of metasurfaces-with complex cross-sectional geometries to provide diverse phase dispersions (phase as a function of wavelength), which is crucial for creating broadband achromatic metalenses. We elucidated the fundamental limitations of achromatic metalens performance by deriving mathematical equations that govern the tradeoffs between phase dispersion and achievable lens parameters, including the lens diameter, numerical aperture (NA), and bandwidth of achromatic operation. We experimentally demonstrated several dielectric achromatic metalenses reaching the fundamental limitations. These metalenses work in the transmission mode with polarization-independent focusing efficiencies up to 50% and continuously provide a near-constant focal length over <i>λ</i> = 1200-1650 nm. These unprecedented properties represent a major advance compared to the state of the art and a major step toward practical implementations of metalenses.
영아-교사간 상호작용과 영아의 사회·정서적 행동 간의 관계 (2015)

본 연구에서는 영아-교사 간 상호작용과 영아의 사회·정서적 행동 간에는 관계가 있는지, 그리고 영아-교사 간 상호작용 정도에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구문제는 첫째, 영아-교사 간 상호작용과 영아의 사회·정서적 행동 간의 관계는 어떠한지를 알아보고, 둘째, 영아-교사 간 상호작용 정도에 따라 영아의 사회·정서적 행동에는 차이가 있을...
Managing Information Leakage (2011)

We explore the problem of managing information leakage by connecting two hitherto disconnected topics: entity res-olution (ER) and data privacy (DP). As more of our sen-sitive data gets exposed to a variety of merchants, health care providers, employers, social sites and so on, there is a higher chance that an adversary can “connect the dots” and piece together our information, leading to even more loss of privacy. For instance, suppose that Alice has a so-cial networking profile with her name and photo and a web homepage containing her name and address. An adversary Eve may be able to link the profile and homepage to con-nect the photo and address of Alice and thus glean more personal information. The better Eve is at linking the in-formation, the more vulnerable is Alice’s privacy. Thus in order to gain DP, one must try to prevent important bits of information being resolved by ER. In this paper, we for-malize information leakage and list several challenges both in ER and DP. We also propose using disinformation as a tool for containing information leakage. 1.
Effects of smoking and alcohol use on neurocognitive functioning in heavy drinking, HIV-positive men who have sex with men (2015)

High rates of cognitive impairment persist in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite improved health outcomes and reduced mortality through widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Heavy alcohol use and cigarette smoking are potential contributors to neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet few studies have examined their influence concurrently. Here we investigated the effects of self-reported alcohol use and smoking on learning, memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, and executive function in 124 HIV-positive men who have sex with men [age (mean ± SD) = 42.8 ± 10.4 years], engaged with medical care. All participants were heavy drinkers. Duration of HIV infection averaged 9.9 ± 7.6 years, and 92.7% were on a stable ART regimen. Participants completed a neuropsychological battery and assessment of past 30-day substance use. Average number of drinks per drinking day (DPDD) was 5.6 ± 3.5, and 33.1% of participants were daily smokers. Rates of neurocognitive impairment were the highest in learning (50.8%), executive function (41.9%), and memory (38.0%). Multiple regression models tested DPDD and smoking status as predictors of neurocognitive performance, controlling for age and premorbid intelligence. Smoking was significantly, negatively related to verbal learning (p = .046) and processing speed (p = .001). DPDD was a significant predictor of learning (p = .047) in a model that accounted for the interaction of DPDD and smoking status. As expected, premorbid intelligence significantly predicted all neurocognitive scores (ps < .01), and older age was associated with slower processing speed (ps < .01). In conclusion, smoking appears to be associated with neurocognitive functioning deficits in PLWH beyond the effects of heavy drinking, aging, and premorbid intelligence. Smoking cessation interventions have the potential to be an important target for improving functional outcomes in heavy drinking PLWH.
Focused Ion Beam Assisted Etching of Quartz in XeF<sub>2</sub> without Transmittance Reduction for Phase Shifting Mask Repair (1992)

Focused ion beam (FIB) assisted etching of quartz by a Ga FIB and XeF 2 gas was studied for the purpose of avoiding the transmittance reduction by a Ga FIB. Transmittance was above 99% with the existence of XeF 2 to the extent that the etching yield was more than 1.7 times larger than that of sputtering. It was also found that postetching above 15 nm by a Ga FIB and XeF 2 gas after the Ga ion implantation recovered the transmittance. These techniques will be applied to repairing phase shifting masks without transmittance reduction.
A high voltage MOS switch (1975)

A novel MOS high voltage switch suitable for use in integrated circuits is described. The device doubles the operational voltage capability, compared to the standard MOS transistor used in integrated circuits. It uses a unique variable positive feedback which increases dramatically its saturation current and permits significant saving of the circuit area. The switch is fabricated using common Sigate technology. No additional processing steps are required.
Genomics in acute myeloid leukemia: from identification to personalization. (2015)

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy that is fatal if left untreated. Previous classification was strictly based on morphology, which gave little information in terms of prognosis or guide to treatment. Recent research has provided vital information into the chromosomal and molecular pathogenesis of leukemia development. The discovery of these abnormalities via proteomics and genomics have provided two key insights. First, these novel discoveries provide prognostic significance into the predictive result of chemotherapy. Second, these chromosomal and protein abnormalities have provided potential drug targets for new treatment modalities. This article will elaborate on many of these new molecular findings and discuss their implications on the treatment of AML.
Compression of Next Generation Sequencing Data (2015)

FASTQ is the defacto standard for data from next generation sequencing platforms. The FASTQ format uses four lines per read: two lines for header information, one for the sequence itself, and one for the quality scores. The proposed compression scheme treats the various lines of each four line set differently. The highly repetitive headers are encoded using an LZ77 variant. The reads themselves are compressed using a modified LZ78 method which uses a backward adaptive dictionary. The quality factors are encoded using a context based arithmetic coding scheme. Performance results for the proposed method were obtained using data generated via a sequencing simulation of a random 50kbp section from Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. DH10B chromosome with 35X and 100X coverages. The two best performing methods for FASTQ compression, Fastqz and Fqzcomp were used to compress the same data. These methods performed the best in a competition to compress next generation sequencing data. We also compare the results to two general purpose compressors bzip and LZMA. The results are shown in Table.
Regulation of 5′-AMP-activated Protein Kinase Activity by the Noncatalytic β and γ Subunits (1996)

The mammalian 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit and beta and gamma noncatalytic subunits, each of which is represented in a larger isoprotein family, related to the SNF1 kinase and its interacting proteins in yeast. In this study, we have used mammalian cell transfection to compare the activities of the two alpha subunit isoforms, alpha-1 and alpha-2, and to study the influence of the noncatalytic subunits on enzyme subunit association and activity. Expression of epitope-tagged protein subunits in COS7 cells indicates detectable but low level kinase activity for each of the two catalytic alpha subunits. Co-expression of alpha subunits with the beta or gamma subunits modestly increases kinase activity accompanied by the formation of alpha/beta or alpha/gamma heterodimers. Co-expression of all three subunits, however, is accompanied by a 50-110-fold increase in kinase activity with the formation of a heterotrimeric complex. In addition to binding of each noncatalytic subunit to the alpha subunit, the beta and gamma subunits bind to each other, likely resulting in a more stable heterotrimeric complex. The increase in kinase activity associated with expression of this heterotrimer is due both to an increase in enzyme-specific activity (units/enzyme mass) and to an apparent enhanced alpha subunit expression. Co-expression of a catalytically defective alpha subunit or the beta/gamma-binding COOH-terminal domain of the alpha subunit results in reduced heterotrimeric kinase activity. The synergistic positive regulatory roles for both the noncatalytic beta and gamma subunits of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase contrasts with the Snf1p kinase, where only heterodimers of Snf1p and Snf4p seem to be required for maximum kinase activity.
A DEMAND DIAPHRAGM PACEMAKER (1977)

A PACO2 feedback control system (demand diaphragm pacemaker) was developed in this laboratory to maintain homeostasis during diaphragm pacing, thus avoiding hypo- or hyperventilation. Application of this system to the research animal made it possible to maintain blood gases and pH within normal limits for up to 15 hrs. Oscillation between maximal tidal volume and apnea that occurred with the amplitude feedback control was eliminated by using a rate feedback control. A possible additional benefit of a feedback control system is the reduction of current applied to the nerve as compared to that in asynchronous pacing, thereby minimizing the fatigue phenomenon.
Two Point Resolution: An Introspection (2011)

Two point resolution is not unambiguously defined, it is interpreted in many ways by many researchers. In this paper, which reviews the concept of optical resolution, a number of these interpretations are discussed. A discussion of resolution preceded by the classical approach to the study of two-point resolution are dealt. The well-known resolution criterion of Sparrow and Rayleigh resolution criterion are surveyed, Only an ideal imaging system can reproduce an infinitesimally small point object as an infinitesimally small point image. An ideal imaging system is one in which diffraction and aberrations are absent. A point-source object can be represented mathematically by a delta function called the Spread Function (PSF). This spread of light in the image is determined jointly by diffraction, aberration and also the non-uniformity of amplitude and/or phase transmission specified by the pupil function, if, particularly, the optical system is apodised. Resolution also depends on the coherence conditions of illuminance. Light waves from two distinct self-luminous point sources are incoherent, as is true for double stars imaged by a telescope. Incoherent imaging is linear in intensity. Therefore the intensity distribution produced by two incoherent point sources is obtained by adding their separate intensity diffraction patterns. Apodization processes narrowing the main lobe of the point-spread function improve the resolution in the sense of the classical criteria. However, these criteria are based on calculated images for which in principle no obvious limit to resolution exists. It remains to be seen if apodization still enhances resolution if it is applied to detect images. (S. PATTNAIK, S. K. KAMILA, G. S. ROY, R. DAS, N. K. SHARMA, Two Point Resolution: An Introspection, Researcher. 2011;3(2):66-72). (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher
Novel Convective Instabilities in a Magnetic Fluid (1999)

A field induced novel instability was observed in a horizontal magnetic fluid layer placed in a uniform vertical magnetic field with a focused laser beam parallel to the field passing through the layer. The unstable diffraction patterns include triangles and other polygons. We found that the critical field for the onset of this instability increases with increasing the thickness of the layer. These results are consistent with our linear stability analysis. A new bifurcation was also observed when an additional horizontal field was applied.