gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD200/CD200R Paired Potent Inhibitory Molecules Regulating Immune and Inflammatory Responses; part I: CD200/CD200R Structure, Activation, and Function (2012)

CD200/CD200R are highly conserved type I paired membrane glycoproteins that belong to the Ig superfamily containing a two immunoglobulin-like domain (V, C). CD200 is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types, whereas CD200R is primarily expressed in myeloid and lymphoid cells. They fulfill multiple functions in regulating inflammation. The interaction between CD200/CD200R results in activation of the intracellular inhibitory pathway with RasGAP recruitment and thus contributes to effector cell inhibition. It was confirmed that the CD200R activation stimulates the differentiation ofT cells to the Treg subset, upregulates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, modulates cytokine environment from a Thl to a Th2 pattern, and facilitates an antiinflammatory IL-10 and TGF-beta synthesis. CD200/CD200R are required for maintaining self-tolerance. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of CD200 in controlling autoimmunity, inflammation, the development and spread of cancer, hypersensitivity, and spontaneous fetal loss.
Disabling of lymphocyte immune response by Ebola virus (2018)

A hallmark of EBOV infection is an overexasperated systemic release of inflammatory mediators collectively known as a "cytokine storm." This burst in inflammatory mediators, which
βL–βM loop in the C‐terminal domain of G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying K<sup>+</sup> channels is important for G<sub>βγ</sub> subunit activation (2004)

The activity of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) channels (GIRK or Kir3) is important for regulating membrane excitability in neuronal, cardiac and endocrine cells. Although G(betagamma) subunits are known to bind the N- and C-termini of GIRK channels, the mechanism underlying G(betagamma) activation of GIRK is not well understood. Here, we used chimeras and point mutants constructed from GIRK2 and IRK1, a G protein-insensitive inward rectifier, to determine the region within GIRK2 important for G(betagamma) binding and activation. An analysis of mutant channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes revealed two amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal domain of GIRK2, GIRK2(L344E) and GIRK2(G347H), that exhibited decreased carbachol-activated currents but significantly enhanced basal currents with coexpression of G(betagamma) subunits. Combining the two mutations (GIRK2(EH)) led to a more severe reduction in carbachol-activated and G(betagamma)-stimulated currents. Ethanol-activated currents were normal, however, suggesting that G protein-independent gating was unaffected by the mutations. Both GIRK2(L344E) and GIRK2(EH) also showed reduced carbachol activation and normal ethanol activation when expressed in HEK-293T cells. Using epitope-tagged channels expressed in HEK-293T cells, immunocytochemistry showed that G(betagamma)-impaired mutants were expressed on the plasma membrane, although to varying extents, and could not account completely for the reduced G(betagamma) activation. In vitro G(betagamma) binding assays revealed an approximately 60% decrease in G(betagamma) binding to the C-terminal domain of GIRK2(L344E) but no statistical change with GIRK2(EH) or GIRK2(G347H), though both mutants exhibited G(betagamma)-impaired activation. Together, these results suggest that L344, and to a lesser extent, G347 play an important functional role in G(betagamma) activation of GIRK2 channels. Based on the 1.8 A structure of GIRK1 cytoplasmic domains, L344 and G347 are positioned in the betaL-betaM loop, which is situated away from the pore and near the N-terminal domain. The results are discussed in terms of a model for activation in which G(betagamma) alters the interaction between the betaL-betaM loop and the N-terminal domain.
Dephosphorylation and inactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase by a mitogen-induced Thr/Tyr protein phosphatase (1993)

The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by a dual specific kinase, MEK (MAPK or ERK kinase), is a critical event in the mitogenic signal transduction pathway. However, little is known about the mechanism of ERK inactivation, which occurs after stimulation. In this report, we demonstrated that a dual specific protein phosphatase, HVH1 (human VH1 phosphatase homolog) whose expression is induced by mitogenic growth factors, specifically inactivates ERK. When several phosphoproteins were tested for recombinant HVH1, only MEK-activated ERK1 was dephosphorylated. HVH1 selectively dephosphorylated threonine and tyrosine residues but not serine residues of the activated ERK1. Inactivation of ERK1 by HVH1 could be reversed by MEK, suggesting that HVH1 dephosphorylates the same residues that are recognized and phosphorylated by MEK. Our results suggest that mitogenic growth factors transiently activate ERK (peak at 5 min followed by a rapid decline) by temporally activating MEK (the on signal) and inducing the expression of HVH phosphatase (the off signal).
Brown, Beige, and White: The New Color Code of Fat and Its Pharmacological Implications (2014)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was previously regarded as a special type of fat relevant only for defending hibernating animals and newborns against a cold environment. Recently, BAT has received considerable attention following its (re)discovery in humans. Using glucose tracers, multiple laboratories independently found metabolically active BAT in adults. The enormous metabolic powers of BAT in animal models could make it an attractive target for antiobesity therapies in humans. Here, we review the present knowledge on the role of BAT in energy homeostasis and metabolism, focusing on signaling pathways and potential targets for novel therapeutics. We also shine light on ongoing debates, including those about the true color of brown fat in adults, as well as on the requirements for translation of basic research on BAT into clinical medicine.
A statistical approach for image difficulty estimation in x-ray screening using image measurements (2007)

The relevance of aviation security has increased dramatically at the beginning of this century. One of the most important tasks is the visual inspection of passenger bags using x-ray machines. In this study, we investigated the role of image based factors on human detection of prohibited items in x-ray images. Schwaninger, Hardmeier, and Hofer (2004, 2005) have identified three image based factors: View Difficulty, Superposition and Bag Complexity. This article consists of 4 experiments which lead to the development of a statistical model that is able to predict image difficulty based on these image based factors. Experiment 1 is a replication of earlier findings confirming the relevance of image based factors as defined by Schwaninger et al. (2005) on x-ray detection performance. In Experiment 2, we found significant correlations between human ratings of image based factors and human detection performance. In Experiment 3, we introduced our image measurements and found significant correlations between them and human detection performance. Moreover, significant correlations were found between our image measurements and corresponding human ratings, indicating high perceptual plausibility. In Experiment 4, it was shown using multiple linear regression analysis that our image measurements can predict human performance as well as human ratings can. Applications of a computational model for threat image projection systems and for adaptive computer-based training are discussed.
Optimized Heat Transfer for High Power Electronic Cooling Using Arrays of Microjets (2004)

Electronic cooling has become a subject of interest in recent years due to the rapidly decreasing size of microchips while increasing the amount of heat flux that they must dissipate. Conventional forced air cooling techniques cannot satisfy the cooling requirements and new methods have to be sought. Jet cooling has been used in other industrial fields and has demonstrated the capability of sustaining high heat transfer rates. In this work the heat transfer under arrays of microjets is investigated. Ten different arrays have been tested using deionized water and FC40 as test fluids. The jet diameters employed ranged between 69 and 250μm and the jet Reynolds number varied from 73 to 3813. A maximum surface heat flux of 310W∕cm2 was achieved using water jets of 173.6μm diameter and 3mm spacing, impinging at 12.5m∕s on a circular 19.3mm diameter copper surface. The impinging water temperature was 23.1°C and the surface temperature was 73.9°C. The heat transfer results, consistent with those reported in the literature, have been correlated using only three independent dimensionless parameters. With the use of the correlation developed, an optimal configuration of the main geometrical parameters can be established once the cooling requirements of the electronic component are specified.
Reconstructed Phase Spaces of Intrinsic Mode Functions. Application to Postural Stability Analysis (2006)

In this contribution, we propose an efficient nonlinear analysis method characterizing postural steadiness. The analyzed signal is the displacement of the centre of pressure (COP) collected from a force plate used for measuring postural sway. The proposed method consists of analyzing the nonlinear dynamics of the intrinsic mode functions (IMF) of the COP signal. The nonlinear properties are assessed through the reconstructed phase spaces of the different IMFs. This study shows some specific geometries of the attractors of some intrinsic modes. Moreover, the volume spanned by the geometric attractors in the reconstructed phase space represents an efficient indicator of the postural stability of the subject. Experiments results corroborate the effectiveness of the method to blindly discriminate young subjects, elderly subjects and subjects presenting a risk of falling.
Mass spectrometer polymer membrane sample introduction device (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass spectrometer polymer membrane sample introduction deviceGeorge J. Kallos and Nels H. MahleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 4, 813–814Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00255a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00255a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Evaluation of Compound Barker Codes using Cascaded Mismatched Filter Technique (2015)

The major advantages of pulse compression are low pulsepower which makes it suitable for solid-state devices, higher maximum range, good range resolution and better jamming immunity. The matched filter is the optimal linear filter for maximizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the presence of additive stochastic noise. Pulse compression is an example of matched filtering. But this matched filter output consists of unwanted but unavoidable side lobes. For multiple-target radar, the side lobes of the compressed pulse must be considered in the system design because of the likelihood of false alarms. At the receiver the signal processor uses weighting filters which are not matched to the transmitted waveform. When this filter is not matched to the transmitted waveform then filter output consists of unwanted but unavoidable side lobes. In this paper a new technique is proposed to suppress the side lobes of radar signals that result from standard matched filtering. This technique produces better peak side lobe ratio than all other conventional side lobe reduction techniques. In simulation the results of this filter technique for compound Barker codes is compared with the other side lobe reduction techniques.
Modified Sheet Inductance of Wire Mesh Using Effective Wire Spacing (2016)

This paper focuses on a new definition for an effective wire spacing parameter of a conductive mesh and the analysis of the wire meshes with relatively thick cross-sectional diameter of wire. The transmission coefficient has been calculated based on sheet impedance model, and a new effective wire spacing parameter is defined so that it makes possible to calculate the transmission coefficients of the wire mesh with thin as well as thick wires. The modified method agrees very well with the full-wave simulation for wide range of wire diameter to spacing ratios. In addition, the measurements have been carried out to validate the effective wire spacing parameter.
Genetic regulation on<i>ex vivo</i>differentiated natural killer cells from human umbilical cord blood CD34<sup>+</sup>cells (2012)

Natural killer (NK)-cells are a lymphocyte population playing a critical role in the immune surveillance against tumors and virally infected cells. The development of human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) into fully differentiated NK-cells pass through discrete stages of differentiation involving a variety of factors such as cytokines, membrane factors, and transcription factors (TFs). Because there is lack of studies in this field, we decided to perform an extended analysis of TFs during in vitro differentiation of NK-cells. At several points of differentiation, cells were characterized by their mRNA expression either for NK-cell cell markers, for a number of mature NK-cell receptors or a large panel of TFs. Our data suggests that some TFs (ID2, EGR-2 and T-BET) play a role in NK-cell commitment, differentiation and maturation. Although delayed on its expression, BLIMP1 also seems to be involved in differentiation and maturation of NK cells, but not in NK-cell commitment. E4BP4 and TOX are more related with initial stages of NK-cell commitment. PU.1, MEF, Ikaros, EGR-1, BCL11B and IRF-2 revealed less involvement in maturation and were more associated with NK-cell commitment and pNK cell production. GATA-3 showed a differential role during the ontogeny of NK-cells. We show that assessment of the transcripts present in the differentiating NK-cells demonstrated, a pattern of preserved and differential gene expression remarkably similar to that seen in mice except for E4BP4 that showed constant downregulation throughout the culture period. A thorough understanding of NK-cell developmental mechanisms is important as it may enable future therapeutic manipulation.
Measuring amplitude and frequency modulations in noise using multiband energy operators (2003)

The statistical properties of the nonlinear energy operator Psi (s)=(ds/dt)/sup 2/-sd/sup 2//dt/sup 2/ and a related energy separation algorithm (ESA) are developed. The ESA uses Psi to demodulate noisy AM-FM signals. The performance of Psi and the ESA when applied to bandpass noisy AM-FM signals is examined. The predicted performance is found to be greatly improved if the local signal frequencies occur within the filter passband. Using this observation, a multiband energy operator and ESA approach are devised. The results suggest that greatly improved practical strategies are feasible for tracking and identifying local pattern coherencies manifested as local concentrations of signal frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-affinity binding of short peptides to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules by anchor combinations. (1994)

We have previously identified four anchor positions in HLA-DRB1*0101-binding peptides, and three anchors involved in peptide binding to DRB1*0401 and DRB1*1101 molecules, by screening of an M13 peptide display library (approximately 20 million independent nonapeptides) for DR-binding activity. In this study, high stringency screening of the M13 library for DRB1*0401 binding has resulted in identification of three further anchor positions. Taken together, a peptide-binding motif has been obtained, in which six of seven positions show enrichment of certain residues. We have demonstrated an additive effect of anchors in two different ways: (i) the addition of more anchors is shown to compensate for progressive truncation of designer peptides; (ii) the incorporation of an increasing number of anchors into 6- or 7-residue-long designer peptides is shown to result in a gradual increase of binding affinity to the level of 13-residue-long high-affinity epitopes. The anchor at relative position 1 seems to be obligatory, in that its substitution abrogates binding completely, whereas the elimination of other anchors results only in partial loss of binding affinity. The spacing between anchors is critical, since their effect is lost by shifting them one position toward the N or C terminus. The information born out of this study has been successfully used to identify DR-binding sequences from natural proteins.
Cloning of a DNA fragment encoding part of a 70-kDa heat shock protein of Candida albicans (1995)

Immunoscreening of a mycelial expression library with polyclonal antibodies raised against mycelial cell wall resulted in the detection of a cDNA encoding a heat shock protein of Candida albicans. Sequence analysis of a 0.8-kb cDNA subclone, 2M-1, revealed an open reading frame encoding 244 amino acids. Southern blot analysis with this fragment as a probe demonstrated hybridization to C. albicans DNA. Northern analysis showed a substantial increase in 2M RNA expression levels after cells were subjected to heat shock. Western blot analysis with 2M monospecific antibodies recognized a 70-kDa protein which was present in membrane particles and cytosolic fractions.
Prenatal diagnosis of Conradi's syndrome. CASE REPORT (1990)

A case is described of the diagnosis by ultrasound scanning during the second trimester of Conradi-Hünermann's syndrome (asymmetrical rhizomelic limb shortening or chondrodysplasia calcificans punctata). The prenatal diagnosis of limb shortening deformities is discussed.
Acoustic simultaneous localization and mapping (A-SLAM) of a moving microphone array and its surrounding speakers (2016)

Acoustic scene mapping creates a representation of positions of audio sources such as talkers within the surrounding environment of a microphone array. By allowing the array to move, the acoustic scene can be explored in order to improve the map. Furthermore, the spatial diversity of the kinematic array allows for estimation of the source-sensor distance in scenarios where source directions of arrival are measured. As sound source localization is performed relative to the array position, mapping of acoustic sources requires knowledge of the absolute position of the microphone array in the room. If the array is moving, its absolute position is unknown in practice. Hence, Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is required in order to localize the microphone array position and map the surrounding sound sources. In realistic environments, microphone arrays receive a convolutive mixture of direct-path speech signals, noise and reflections due to reverberation. A key challenge of Acoustic SLAM (a-SLAM) is robustness against reverberant clutter measurements and missing source detections. This paper proposes a novel bearing-only a-SLAM approach using a Single-Cluster Probability Hypothesis Density filter. Results demonstrate convergence to accurate estimates of the array trajectory and source positions.
A GLIMPSE OF INFECTION AND RESISTANCE: A REVIEW (2018)

Antibiotic resistance is a global phenomenon with ancient origins antibiotic resistance which is regarded as a priority threat by WHO. in fact antibiotic resistance is a an inevitable consequence of antibiotic use irrational use enhances the rate of antibiotic resistance the irrational use has made conventional methods for combating antibiotic resistance nonresponsive and had led to emergence of multiple drug resistant infections. This led to exploration of novel ways to fight antibiotic resistance. In spite of all these efforts antibiotic resistance is till a global threat and could be managed by rational use of drugs and methods weather conventional or novel methods. This review gives a glimpse of antibiotic resistance and the conventional and novel methods to fight it.
Favipiravir and Ivermectin Showed in Vitro Synergistic Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Abstract Despite the urgent need for effective antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 to mitigate the catastrophic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are still no proven effective and widely available antivirals for COVID-19 treatment. Favipiravir and Ivermectin are among common repurposed drugs, which have been provisionally used in some countries. There have been clinical trials with mixed results, and therefore, it is still inconclusive whether they are effective or should be dismissed. It is plausible that the lack of clear-cut clinical benefits was due to the finding of only marginal levels of in vivo antiviral activity. An obvious way to improve the activity of antivirals is to use them in synergistic combinations. Here we show that Favipiravir and Ivermectin had the synergistic effects against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. The combination may provide better efficacy in COVID-19 treatment. In addition, we found that Favipiravir had an additive effect with Niclosamide, another repurposed anti-parasitic drug with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. However, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of Favipiravir was drastically reduced when tested in Calu-3 cells. This suggested that this cell type might not be able to metabolize Favipiravir into its active form, and that this deficiency in some cell types may affect in vivo efficacy of this drug.
Hollow polymeric (PLGA) nano capsules synthesized using solvent emulsion evaporation method for enhanced drug encapsulation and release efficiency (2014)

Nano-hollow polymer shells, especially those polymers which are FDA approved, have captured the attention of many researchers and scientists in the field of pharmaceutical and medical therapeutics. In the field of controlled drug/gene release, nano-capsules in colloidal solutions, i.e. particles with hollow piths, play an important role in cargo encapsulation. These nanoparticles are synthesized using a variety of procedures such as emulsion polymerization, phase separation, crosslinking of micelles, inner core etching and self-assembly. Our work proposes a novel route to prepare hollow PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid) nanoparticles (HNPs), which showed increased drug-encapsulation and release efficiency. The simple emulsion solvent evaporation technique was adopted to synthesize nano-hollow shells of FDA approved polymer PLGA using only one organic phase. The hollow characteristics of nanoparticles were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy analysis. The particle size was analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Nanoparticles drug loading, encapsulation and release efficiency in vitro were assessed by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The developed nanoparticles were hollow and spherical in shape and approximately 80 nm in size. The drug encapsulation efficiency is 99.4% and the drug was released in a controllable manner during in vitro analysis.