gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanocrystal‐Templated Growth of Cu<sub>2</sub>S Nanocages with Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles and In‐Situ Transmission X‐ray Microscopy Study (2011)

Abstract Cubic and octahedral Cu 2 O nanocrystals and Au–Cu 2 O core–shell heterostructures are used as sacrificial templates for the growth of Cu 2 S nanocages and Au–Cu 2 S core–cage structures. A rapid sulfidation process involving a surface reaction of Cu 2 O nanocrystals with Na 2 S, followed by etching of the Cu 2 O cores with HCl solution for ≈5 sec, results in the fabrication of Cu 2 S cages with a wall thickness of 10–20 nm. Transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals the formation of crystalline walls and the presence of ultrasmall pores with sizes of 1 nm or less. Formation of Cu 2 O–Cu 2 S core–shell structures and their conversion into Cu 2 S cages is verified by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectra further confirm the composition of the cages as Cu 2 S. The entire hollowing process via the Kirkendall effect is recorded using in‐situ transmission X‐ray microscopy. After shell formation, continuous ionic diffusion removes the interior Cu 2 O. Intermediate structures with remaining central Cu 2 O portions and bridging arms to the surrounding cages are observed. The nanocages are also shown to allow molecular transport: anthracene and pyrene penetration into the cages leads to enhanced fluorescence quenching immediately upon adsorption onto the surfaces of the encapsulated gold nanocrystals.
SPIM-fluid: open source light-sheet based platform for high-throughput imaging (2015)

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy has recently emerged as the technique of choice for obtaining high quality 3D images of whole organisms/embryos with low photodamage and fast acquisition rates. Here we present an open source unified implementation based on Arduino and Micromanager, which is capable of operating Light Sheet Microscopes for automatized 3D high-throughput imaging on three-dimensional cell cultures and model organisms like zebrafish, oriented to massive drug screening.
Mean central corneal thickness and corneal power measurements in pigmented and white rabbits using Visante optical coherence tomography and <scp>ATLAS</scp> corneal topography (2013)

Differences exist in the CCT, corneal power, and WTW between 5-month-old pigmented and white rabbits. Such difference should be considered when designing cornea-related experiments in rabbits.
Path-following Control of Nonholonomic Constraint Multi-axle Drive Vehicle (2014)

摘要： 针对具有非完整约束特性的多轴驱动车辆，分析多轴驱动形式下的转向几何关系及其运动学约束关系并建立动力学方程，采用基于制导路径跟踪理论的方法评价跟踪误差，推导消除误差所需的姿态角和路径参数更新公式；通过设计李亚普诺夫函数进行稳定性分析，证明了系统的全局一致渐进稳定性；采用非线性状态反馈精确线性化方法导出线性化的车辆动力学模型，在此基础上设计带有干扰观测器的滑模变结构速度跟踪控制器, 并采用典型运动路径进行路径跟踪的仿真测试。仿真结果表明，所提出的跟踪控制策略能够满意地实现多轴驱动车辆对给定目标路径的跟踪。
Clinical Immunotherapy of B-Cell Malignancy Using CD19-Targeted CAR T-Cells (2014)

The CD19 molecule is ubiquitously expressed throughout all stages of B-cell differentiation, but is not found on haemopoietic stem cells. Since most B-cell leukaemias and lymphomas retain CD19 expression, it represents an excellent target for immunotherapy of these malignant disorders. Over the past 10 years, compelling pre-clinical evidence has accrued to indicate that expression of a CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in peripheral blood T-cells exerts therapeutic efficacy in diverse models of B-cell malignancy. Building on this, clinical studies are ongoing in several centres in which autologous CD19-specific CAR T-cells are undergoing evaluation in patients with acute and chronic B-cell leukaemia and refractory lymphoma. Early data have generated considerable excitement, providing grounds to speculate that CAR-based immunotherapy will radically alter existing management paradigms in B-cell malignancy. The focus of this mini-review is to evaluate these emerging clinical data and to speculate on clinical prospects for this new therapeutic modality.
The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein increases infectivity in an ACE2 receptor dependent manner (2020)

The SARS-CoV2 coronavirus responsible for the current COVID19 pandemic has been reported to have a relatively low mutation rate. Nevertheless, a few prevalent variants have arisen that give the appearance of undergoing positive selection as they are becoming increasingly widespread over time. Most prominent among these is the D614G amino acid substitution in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein, which mediates viral entry. The D614G substitution, however, is in linkage disequilibrium with the ORF1b P314L mutation where both mutations almost invariably co-occur, making functional inferences problematic. In addition, the possibility of repeated new introductions of the mutant strain does not allow one to distinguish between a founder effect and an intrinsic genetic property of the virus. Here, we synthesized and expressed the WT and D614G variant SARS-Cov2 Spike protein, and report that using a SARS-CoV2 Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral vector we observe that the D614G variant Spike has >1/2 log<sub>10</sub> increased infectivity in human cells expressing the human ACE2 protein as the viral receptor. The increased binding/fusion activity of the D614G Spike protein was corroborated in a cell fusion assay using Spike and ACE2 proteins expressed in different cells. These results are consistent with the possibility that the Spike D614G mutant increases the infectivity of SARS-CoV2.
Mucosal T Cells Bearing TCRγδ Play a Protective Role in Intestinal Inflammation (2004)

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) bearing TCRgammadelta represent a major T cell population in the murine intestine. However, the role of gammadelta IEL in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) remains controversial. In this study, we show that gammadelta IEL is an important protective T cell population against IBD. gammadelta T cell-deficient (Cdelta(-/-)) mice developed spontaneous colitis with age and showed high susceptibility to Th1-type 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis at a young age. Transfer of gammadelta IEL to Cdelta(-/-) mice ameliorated TNBS-induced colitis, which correlated with decrease of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production and an increase of TGF-beta production by IEL. Furthermore, a high level of IL-15, which inhibits activation-induced cell death to terminate inflammation, was expressed more in intestinal epithelial cells (EC) from TNBS-treated Cdelta(-/-) mice than in those from wild-type mice. EC from wild-type mice significantly suppressed the IFN-gamma production of IEL from TNBS-treated Cdelta(-/-) mice, whereas EC from TNBS-treated Cdelta(-/-) mice did not. These data indicate that gammadelta IEL play important roles in controlling IBD by regulating mucosal T cell activation cooperated with EC function. Our study suggests that enhancement of regulatory gammadelta T cell activity is a possible new cell therapy for colitis.
Probability propagation and decoding in analog VLSI (2002)

The sum-product algorithm (probability propagation) can be mapped directly into analog transistor circuits. These circuits enable the construction of analog-VLSI decoders for turbo codes, low-density parity-check codes, and similar codes.
Nitrite Reductase NirS Is Required for Type III Secretion System Expression and Virulence in the Human Monocyte Cell Line THP-1 by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2009)

The nitrate dissimilation pathway is important for anaerobic growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, this pathway contributes to P. aeruginosa virulence by using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host, as well as biofilm formation and motility. We used a set of nitrate dissimilation pathway mutants to evaluate the virulence of P. aeruginosa PA14 in a model of P. aeruginosa-phagocyte interaction by using the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Both membrane nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase enzyme complexes were important for cytotoxicity during the interaction of P. aeruginosa PA14 with THP-1 cells. Furthermore, deletion mutations in genes encoding membrane nitrate reductase (Delta narGH) and nitrite reductase (Delta nirS) produced defects in the expression of type III secretion system (T3SS) components, extracellular protease, and elastase. Interestingly, exotoxin A expression was unaffected in these mutants. Addition of exogenous nitric oxide (NO)-generating compounds to Delta nirS mutant cultures restored the production of T3SS phospholipase ExoU, whereas nitrite addition had no effect. These data suggest that NO generated via nitrite reductase NirS contributes to the regulation of expression of selected virulence factors in P. aeruginosa PA14.
A Quantitative Framework to Model Reconnaissance by Stealthy Attackers and Support Deception-Based Defenses (2020)

In recent years, persistent cyber adversaries have developed increasingly sophisticated techniques to evade detection. Once adversaries have established a foothold within the target network, using seemingly-limited passive reconnaissance techniques, they can develop significant network reconnaissance capabilities. Cyber deception has been recognized as a critical capability to defend against such adversaries, but, without an accurate model of the adversary’s reconnaissance behavior, current approaches are ineffective against advanced adversaries. To address this gap, we propose a novel model to capture how advanced, stealthy adversaries acquire knowledge about the target network and establish and expand their foothold within the system. This model quantifies the cost and reward, from the adversary’s perspective, of compromising and maintaining control over target nodes. We evaluate our model through simulations in the CyberVAN testbed, and indicate how it can guide the development and deployment of future defensive capabilities, including high-interaction honeypots, so as to influence the behavior of adversaries and steer them away from critical resources.
Fibre optic microwave and millimetre-wave filterwith high density sampling and very high sidelobe suppression using subnanometreoptical spectrum slicing (1999)

The implementation of a tranversal fibre optic RF filter based on subnanometre optical spectrum slicing is reported. The number of taps (34) and the sidelobe suppression (> 35 dB) is the highest reported to date for filters based on this technology.
<title>Restoring high-resolution text images to improve legibility and OCR accuracy</title> (2005)

A new method for restoring high-resolution binary images is presented to improve legibility and OCR accuracy for low-resolution text images. The initially restored image is generated by simple techniques, and is then improved by integrating a variety of features obtained through image analysis. Missing strokes of characters are complemented based on topographic features. Contours of characters are then modified in terms of gradient magnitudes and curvatures along the contours. Finally, contours are beautified so that they look good to the human eye. The proposed method can deal with characters having complex structures such as Kanji, and entails relatively simple computation. Through experiments, it has been validated that the proposed method improves both OCR accuracy and legibility. In particular, smoothness and linearity along contours are significantly improved and strokes are restored correctly.
An updated Asia Pacific Consensus Recommendations on colorectal cancer screening (2014)

Based on recent data on CRC screening, an updated list of recommendations on CRC screening is prepared. These consensus statements will further enhance the implementation of CRC screening in the Asia Pacific region.
Integrated Operational and Financial Hedging for Risk Management in Crude Oil Procurement (2015)

This Article presents a general framework for the integration of operational hedging and financial hedging strategy in the crude oil procurement process. The main purpose of the proposed approach is to manage the risk in the oil procurement process due to oil price fluctuation. The problem is formulated as a one-stage stochastic programming model that incorporates Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) as the risk measure. By introducing production flexibility such as inventory and the nonlinear CDU Fractionation Index (FI) model, as well as financial derivatives like futures, put option, and call option, the integrated hedging strategy enables industrial managers to obtain the desired balance between profitability and risk tolerance. In addition, a Sample Average Approximation (SAA) method is applied to solve the stochastic problem. Numerical studies illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach and also provide useful managerial insights.
Exposing Digital Forgeries in Complex Lighting Environments (2007)

The availability of sophisticated digital imaging technology has given rise to digital forgeries that are increasing in sophistication and frequency. We describe a technique for exposing such fakes by detecting inconsistencies in lighting. We show how to approximate complex lighting environments with a low-dimensional model and, further, how to estimate the model's parameters from a single image. Inconsistencies in the lighting model are th.en used as evidence of tampering.
Multi-layer films of block copolymer micelles adsorbed to colloidal templates (2010)

Alternating layers of cationic and anionic block copolymer micelles have been deposited onto colloidal silica particles using a layer-by-layer approach. The resulting films have been investigated using a number of characterization techniques including zeta potential measurements, dynamic light scattering, thermo-gravimetric analysis and microscopy. The micelles used here demonstrate pH-responsive behaviour both in solution and when adsorbed at interfaces. It has been shown that block copolymer micelles can selectively encapsulate and release hydrophobic materials; therefore, the incorporation of such responsive species within films has the potential to offer increased functionality. The formation of films onto colloidal particles is of great interest as it can provide pathways to direct encapsulation of materials along with surface modification. This study aims to provide new insights into the nature and properties of responsive films. Such studies will allow for the future development of novel delivery systems that have potential application within a number of industrial sectors including personal care products, pharmaceuticals and agro-chemicals.
A Tensor Based Data Model for Polystore: An Application to Social Networks Data (2018)

In this article, we show how the mathematical object tensor can be used to build a multi-paradigm model for the storage of social data in data warehouses. From an architectural point of view, our approach allows to link different storage systems (polystore) and limits the impact of ETL tools performing model transformations required to feed different analysis algorithms. Therefore, systems can take advantage of multiple data models both in terms of query execution performance and the semantic expressiveness of data representation. The proposed model allows to reach the logical independence between data and programs implementing analysis algorithms. With a concrete case study on message virality on Twitter during the French presidential election of 2017, we highlight some of the contributions of our model.
Facile Synthesis of Nanosized Lithium-Ion-Conducting Solid Electrolyte Li<sub>1.4</sub>Al<sub>0.4</sub>Ti<sub>1.6</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and Its Mechanical Nanocomposites with LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> for Enhanced Cyclic Performance in Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Nanoparticles of fast lithium-ion-conducting solid electrolyte Li<sub>1.4</sub>Al<sub>0.4</sub>Ti<sub>1.6</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (LATP) are prepared by a modified citric-acid-assisted sol-gel method that involves a two-step heat treatment in which the dry gel is calcined first in argon and then in air. The obtained LATP exhibits smaller particle size (down to 40 nm) with a narrower size distribution and less aggregation than LATP prepared by a conventional sol-gel method because of a polymeric network that preserves during LATP crystallization. It has a high relative density of 97.0% and a high room-temperature conductivity of 5.9 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>. The as-prepared superfine LATP is further used to composite with a spinel LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> cathode in lithium ion batteries by simple grinding. This noncoating speckled layer over the LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particle surface has a minimal effect on the electronic conductivity of the electrode while offering excellent ionic conductivity. The cycling stability and rate capability of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are greatly improved at both ambient and elevated temperatures. After 100 cycles at 25 and 55 °C, the capacity retentions are 96.0% and 89.0%, respectively, considerably higher than the values of pristine LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (61.0% at 25 °C; 51.5% at 55 °C) and mechanical LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite with LATP made by a conventional sol-gel method (85.0% at 25 °C; 71.4% at 55 °C).
Protein disulfide engineering (2013)

Improving the stability of proteins is an important goal in many biomedical and industrial applications. A logical approach is to emulate stabilizing molecular interactions found in nature. Disulfide bonds are covalent interactions that provide substantial stability to many proteins and conform to well-defined geometric conformations, thus making them appealing candidates in protein engineering efforts. Disulfide engineering is the directed design of novel disulfide bonds into target proteins. This important biotechnological tool has achieved considerable success in a wide range of applications, yet the rules that govern the stabilizing effects of disulfide bonds are not fully characterized. Contrary to expectations, many designed disulfide bonds have resulted in decreased stability of the modified protein. We review progress in disulfide engineering, with an emphasis on the issue of stability and computational methods that facilitate engineering efforts.
Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Herbs on Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Activated Macrophages (2005)

Nitric Oxide (NO), derived from L-arginine, is produced by two types (constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS: cNOS and iNOS). The NO produced in large amounts by the iNOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock, cancer metastasis and inflammation. The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of herbal drugs which have been used for the treatment of inflammation in oriental medicine. We have screened the inhibitory activity of NO production in lip polysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages after the treatment of these extracts. Among 82 kinds of extracts of herbal drugs, 35 extracts showed the potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50% at the concentration of 50㎍/mL. The inhibitory activities of NO production were also evaluated for several solvent fractions at two different concentrations. Especially, hexane and EtOAc fractions of Alpinia officinarum, Angelica gigas, Ostericum koreann, Saussurea lappa, Torilis japonica, and hexane fractions of Agrimonia pilosa, Machilus thunbergii, Hydrangea serrata, Magnolia obovata, Prunella vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, and EtOAC fractions of Perilla frutescence showed a significant activity at 10 and/or 25 ㎍/mL. In Western blot analysis, the hexane fractions (5㎍/mL) of Magnolia obovata and Saussurea lappa, and EtOAc fractions (20㎍/mL) of Hydrangea Serrata, Perilla frutescence and Torilis japonica inhibited the expression of iNOS protein in LPS-activated macrophages. These plants may be promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided purification of active compounds and might be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and endotoxemia accompanying overproduction of NO.
C 60 -incorporated nanocomposite resist system for practical nanometer pattern fabrication (1997)

We propose a nanocomposite resist system that incorporates sub-nm size fullerene C60 molecules into a highly sensitive and moderately dry-etching resistant electron-beam positive resist, ZEP520. C60 incorporation leads to carbon reinforcement in the original resist material and enhances resist performance for nanometer pattern fabrication. 10 wt % C60 incorporated ZEP520 shows enhancements of etching resistance (∼15%), thermal resistance (∼30 °C), and mechanical resistance (3.5–5.5 in the aspect ratio). By applying this new resist system to x-ray mask fabrication, an ultrafine mask with the minimum dimension of 45 nm has been successfully fabricated.
Morphological mutants of Escherichia coli: nature of the permeability barrier in mon and envC cells. (1978)

Morphological mon mutants and a chain-forming envC mutant of Escherichia coli K12 are hypersensitive to detergents and to various other antibacterial agents. Electron microscopy shows that the cytoplasmic membrane of growing mon and envC cells is dissolved by detergents, and that the cytoplasm dissociates into two parts of unequal density. The mutant envC is sensitive to actinomycin D and to rifampicin, is lysed by lysozyme in the absence of EDTA, and releases alkaline phosphatase in the absence of osomotic shock, indicating a gross perturbation of its outer membrane.
Thermal Stability of <scp>l</scp> ‐Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Oxidase in Broccoli ( <i>Brassica oleracea var. italica</i> ) (2010)

The results reported in this study are applicable for both domestic and industrial processing of vegetables into products such as juices, soups, and purees. In this report, we have demonstrated that processing crushed broccoli in a temperature range of 30 to 60 degrees C could result in the conversion of l-ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic (DHAA), a very important reaction in regard to vitamin C degradation because DHAA could be easily converted to other compounds that do not have the biological activity of vitamin C.