gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases (2020)

The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising and these diseases have become the most common chronic diseases during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be a window of opportunity for allergy prevention. Postnatally the gut needs to mature, and the microbiome is built which further drives the training of infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components in breastmilk protect the infant in this crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates for the microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function, protecting against pathogenic infections, enhancing immune development and facilitating immune tolerance. The presence of a diverse human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS) mixture, containing several types of functional groups, points to engagement in several mechanisms related to immune and microbiome maturation in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, several pathways impacted by HMOS have been elucidated, including their capacity to; fortify the microbiome composition, enhance production of short chain fatty acids, bind directly to pathogens and interact directly with the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. The exact mechanisms underlying the immune protective effects have not been fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize that HMOS may be involved in and can be utilized to provide protection from developing allergic diseases at a young age. In this review, we highlight several pathways involved in the immunomodulatory effects of HMOS and the potential role in prevention of allergic diseases. Recent studies have proposed possible mechanisms through which HMOS may contribute, either directly or indirectly, via microbiome modification, to induce oral tolerance. Future research should focus on the identification of specific pathways by which individual HMOS structures exert protective actions and thereby contribute to the capacity of the authentic HMOS mixture in early life allergy prevention.
A practical method of predicting the loudness of complex electrical stimuli (2003)

The output of speech processors for multiple-electrode cochlear implants consists of current waveforms with complex temporal and spatial patterns. The majority of existing processors output sequential biphasic current pulses. This paper describes a practical method of calculating loudness estimates for such stimuli, in addition to the relative loudness contributions from different cochlear regions. The method can be used either to manipulate the loudness or levels in existing processing strategies, or to control intensity cues in novel sound processing strategies. The method is based on a loudness model described by McKay et al [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1514-1524 (2001)] with the addition of the simplifying approximation that current pulses falling within a temporal integration window of several milliseconds' duration contribute independently to the overall loudness of the stimulus. Three experiments were carried out with six implantees who use the CI24M device manufactured by Cochlear Ltd. The first experiment validated the simplifying assumption, and allowed loudness growth functions to be calculated for use in the loudness prediction method. The following experiments confirmed the accuracy of the method using multiple-electrode stimuli with various patterns of electrode locations and current levels.
Immunogene therapy with fusogenic nanoparticles modulates macrophage response to Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

The incidence of adverse effects and pathogen resistance encountered with small molecule antibiotics is increasing. As such, there is mounting focus on immunogene therapy to augment the immune system's response to infection and accelerate healing. A major obstacle to in vivo gene delivery is that the primary uptake pathway, cellular endocytosis, results in extracellular excretion and lysosomal degradation of genetic material. Here we show a nanosystem that bypasses endocytosis and achieves potent gene knockdown efficacy. Porous silicon nanoparticles containing an outer sheath of homing peptides and fusogenic liposome selectively target macrophages and directly introduce an oligonucleotide payload into the cytosol. Highly effective knockdown of the proinflammatory macrophage marker IRF5 enhances the clearance capability of macrophages and improves survival in a mouse model of Staphyloccocus aureus pneumonia.
iPSC‐ and mesenchymoangioblast‐derived mesenchymal stem cells provide greater protection against experimental chronic allergic airways disease compared with a clinically used corticosteroid (2019)

The airway remodeling (AWR) associated with chronic allergic airways disease (AAD)/asthma contributes to irreversible airway obstruction. This study compared and combined the antiremodeling and other effects of induced pluripotent stem cell and mesenchymoangioblast-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MCA-MSCs) with the corticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex) in experimental chronic AAD/asthma. Female BALB/c mice subjected to 11 wk of ovalbumin (Ova)-induced chronic AAD were intranasally administered MCA-MSCs (1 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mouse; once weekly on wk 10 and 11), Dex (0.5 mg/ml; once daily for 2 wk), or both combined. MCA-MSC detection and changes in airway inflammation (AI), AWR, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were measured at the end of wk 11. Mice with chronic AAD had significant AI, goblet cell metaplasia, epithelial damage/thickening, aberrant TGF-β1 levels, subepithelial myofibroblast accumulation, airway/lung fibrosis, and AHR (all <i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs.</i> healthy controls). MCA-MSCs were detected in the lungs up to 5-7 d postadministration and demonstrated modest anti-inflammatory but striking antifibrotic effects against Ova-induced AAD, effectively decreasing AHR by 70-75% (all <i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs.</i> Ova alone). In comparison, Dex predominantly demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing AHR by ∼30%. Combining MCA-MSCs with Dex provided equivalent protection to that offered by either therapy alone. MCA-MSCs reduce chronic AAD-induced AWR and AHR to a greater extent than Dex and may act as a suitable adjunct therapy to corticosteroid treatment of asthma.-Royce, S. G., Mao, W., Lim, R., Kelly, K., Samuel, C. S. iPSC- and mesenchymoangioblast-derived mesenchymal stem cells provide greater protection against experimental chronic allergic airways disease compared with a clinically used corticosteroid.
Page As You Go (2016)

In-memory columnar databases such as SAP HANA achieve extreme performance by means of vector processing over logical units of main memory resident columns. The core in-memory algorithms can be challenged when the working set of an application does not fit into main memory. To deal with memory pressure, most in-memory columnar databases evict candidate columns (or tables) using a set of heuristics gleaned from recent workload. As an alternative approach, we propose to reduce the unit of load and eviction from column to a contiguous portion of the in-memory columnar representation, which we call a page. In this paper, we adapt the core algorithms to be able to operate with partially loaded columns while preserving the performance benefits of vector processing. Our approach has two key advantages. First, partial column loading reduces the mandatory memory footprint for each column, making more memory available for other purposes. Second, partial eviction extends the in-memory lifetime of partially loaded column. We present a new in-memory columnar implementation for our approach, that we term page loadable column. We design a new persistency layout and access algorithms for the encoded data vector of the column, the order-preserving dictionary, and the inverted index. We compare the performance attributes of page loadable columns with those of regular in-memory columns and present a use-case for page loadable columns for cold data in data aging scenarios. Page loadable columns are completely integrated in SAP HANA, and we present extensive experimental results that quantify the performance overhead and the resource consumption when these columns are deployed.
Exploiting context for semantic scene classification (2005)

Ph.D. Thesis, Computer Science Dept., U. Rochester; Prof. Christopher M. Brown, thesis advisor; simultaneously published in the Technical Rpt. series
New electron-rich chiral phosphines for asymmetric catalysis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew electron-rich chiral phosphines for asymmetric catalysisMark J. Burk, John E. Feaster, and Richard L. HarlowCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 10, 2653–2655Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00160a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00160a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1481Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Development of a 6×6 Element Air-Coupled Multiple Moving Membrane Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Array, M3-CMUT, for High Resolution Detection Applications (2014)

A 2-D multiple moving membrane capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (M3-CMUT) array has been developed for air-coupled detection purposes in the megahertz frequency range. The transducer includes an array of 6×6 M3-CMUT elements. This transducer benefits from a novel configuration where a stack of two vibrating membranes suspended over a fixed grounded electrode are involved in the signal transmission and detection. Using this configuration, the amplitude of membrane vibration is increased and that enhances the transducer power output and sensitivity. Electrical and acoustic characterization of this transducer array is presented in this paper.
Depleted Graphene-Oxide-Semiconductor Junctions for High Energy Radiation Detection (2019)

The deeply depleted graphene-oxide-semiconductor junction (D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> GOS) architecture has been shown to be a highly sensitive light detector [1]. In this architecture, photogenerated charge in the depletion region of the semiconductor is separated and then directly readout by an adjacent graphene layer similarly to a photoFET. Although detection of (electrons and light) radiation using graphene has been previously demonstrated, only limited work has been conducted on other types of ionizing radiation detection with graphene [2]-[3]. In this work we demonstrate advances made in high energy (2 & 20 MeV), heavy ion (Si <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ) detection using the D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> GOS junction, leveraging our previous experience and fabrication improvements for visible light detection using a silicon absorber substrate.
<title>Optical Fibre Sensors: Principles And Applications</title> (1983)

The paper presents a review of the basic principles of a number of optical fibre sensors, with discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of various types. In order to give an overview of what is rapidly becoming a very broad subject, the author has concentrated on the major classes of sensor of practical interest.
Circumsporozoite Protein of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> : Gene Cloning and Characterization of the Immunodominant Epitope (1985)

The gene encoding the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax has been cloned. The deduced sequence of the protein consists of 373 amino acids with a central region of 19 tandem repeats of the nonapeptide Asp-Arg-Ala-Asp/Ala-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ala-Gly. A synthetic 18-amino acid peptide containing two tandem repeats binds to a monoclonal antibody directed to the CS protein of Plasmodium vivax and inhibits the interaction of this antibody with the native protein in sporozoite extracts. The portions of the CS gene that do not contain repeats are closely related to the corresponding regions of the CS genes of two simian malarias, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi. In contrast, the homology between the CS genes of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, another malaria parasite of humans, is very limited.
Depleting T regulatory cells by targeting intracellular Foxp3 with a TCR mimic antibody (2019)

Depletion of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy. Current approaches for depleting Tregs are limited by lack of specificity and concurrent depletion of anti-tumor effector T cells. The transcription factor forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) plays a central role in the development and function of Tregs and is an ideal target in Tregs, but Foxp3 is an intracellular, undruggable protein to date. We have generated a T cell receptor mimic antibody, "Foxp3-#32," recognizing a Foxp3-derived epitope in the context of HLA-A*02:01. The mAb Foxp3-#32 selectively recognizes CD4 + CD25 + CD127<sup>low</sup> and Foxp3 + Tregs also expressing HLA-A*02:01 and depletes these cells via antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. Foxp3-#32 mAb depleted Tregs in xenografts of PBMCs from a healthy donor and ascites fluid from a cancer patient. A TCRm mAb targeting intracellular Foxp3 epitope represents an approach to deplete Tregs.
Detecting malicious landing pages in Malware Distribution Networks (2013)

Drive-by download attacks attempt to compromise a victim's computer through browser vulnerabilities. Often they are launched from Malware Distribution Networks (MDNs) consisting of landing pages to attract traffic, intermediate redirection servers, and exploit servers which attempt the compromise. In this paper, we present a novel approach to discovering the landing pages that lead to drive-by downloads. Starting from partial knowledge of a given collection of MDNs we identify the malicious content on their landing pages using multiclass feature selection. We then query the webpage cache of a commercial search engine to identify landing pages containing the same or similar content. In this way we are able to identify previously unknown landing pages belonging to already identified MDNs, which allows us to expand our understanding of the MDN. We explore using both a rule-based and classifier approach to identifying potentially malicious landing pages. We build both systems and independently verify using a high-interaction honeypot that the newly identified landing pages indeed attempt drive-by downloads. For the rule-based system 57% of the landing pages predicted as malicious are confirmed, and this success rate remains constant in two large trials spaced five months apart. This extends the known footprint of the MDNs studied by 17%. The classifier-based system is less successful, and we explore possible reasons.
Green pumped Alexandrite lasers (2005)

Initial experiments with pulsed and CW pumping an alexandrite laser rod at 532 nm are presented. This pumping architecture holds promise for the production of scalable diode-pumped, tunable alexandrite laser systems operating in the near infrared (750 nm), and the ultraviolet (375 and 250 nm) spectral regions.
Quantification of Rolling- Element Bearing Fault Severity of Induction Machines (2019)

The characteristic frequencies of different types of bearing faults can be calculated by a well-defined frequency-based model that depends on the motor speed, the bearing geometry and the specific location of a defect inside a bearing. Therefore, the existence of a bearing fault as well as its specific fault type can be readily determined by performing frequency spectral analyses on the monitored signals. However, this traditional approach, despite being simple and intuitive, is not able to identify the severity of a bearing fault in a quantitatively manner. Moreover, it is often tedious and time-consuming to apply this approach to electric machines with different power ratings, as the bearing fault threshold values need to be manually calibrated for each motor running at every possible speed and carrying any possible load. This paper thus proposes a quantitative approach to estimate a bearing fault severity based on the air gap displacement profile, which is reconstructed from the mutual inductance variation profile estimated from a novel electrical model that only takes the stator current as input. In addition, the accuracy of the electrical model and the estimated bearing fault severity are validated by simulation results. The proposed method can be used to monitor bearing faults in induction machines with any power ratings that operate under any speeds and loads, and a bearing fault alarm will be triggered if the fault severity exceeds a universal threshold value.
Detection of falls at home using floor vibrations and sound (2008)

Falls are very prevalent among the elderly especially in their home. Approximately one in every three adults 65 years old or older falls each year, 30% of those falls result in serious injuries and more than 70% of the event are at home. Rapid detection of fall events can reduce the rate of mortality and raise the chances to survive the event and return to independent living. In this paper we present an innovative automatic system for detection of elderly people falls at home. The system is based on floor vibration and acoustic sensing, and uses pattern recognition algorithm to discriminate between human fall events and other events. The proposed solution is unique, inexpensive, and does not require the person to wear anything. Using the proposed system we can detect human falls with a sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 98.5%.
INFLUENCE OF IRON OXIDE FORMING CONDITIONS ON PYRITE OXIDATION (1996)

Iron released from pyrite during oxidation in slightly acid to alkaline conditions is known to produce one or more forms of iron oxide. There is, however, no solid understanding of how, and to what degree, these iron oxides affect pyrite oxidation. This was investigated by leaching pyrite in a chromatographic column with a 1-cm i.d. and a flow rate of 0.43 mL min-1 at room temperature with a solution containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) buffered with acetate. When the leaching solution reached pyrite surfaces, H2O2 oxidized a small portion of pyrite and released Fe3+. The latter hydrolyzed to form an amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide that precipitated as a passive coating on the pyritic surfaces. The rate of pyrite oxidation was shown to be suppressed greatly by these coatings. This suppressive effect was attributed first to the coating's ability to serve as a sink for Fe3+, thus making it no longer available to oxidize pyrite, and second to the coating's ability to act as a barrier to the upcoming H2O2, thereby physically protecting the pyritic surfaces. It was also shown that the above leaching solution acted as a coating agent when buffered at pH 4.0 to 6.0. Values higher than pH 6 were not investigated.
YouTubeEvent: On large-scale video event classification (2011)

In this work, we investigate the problem of general event classification from uncontrolled YouTube videos. It is a challenging task due to the number of possible categories and large intra-class variations. On one hand, how to define proper event category labels and how to obtain training samples for these categories need to be explored; on the other hand, it is non-trivial to achieve satisfactory classification performance. To address these problems, a text mining pipeline is first proposed to automatically discover a collection of video event categories. Part-of-Speech (POS) analysis is applied to YouTube video titles and descriptions, and WordNet hierarchy is employed to refine the category selection. This results in 29, 163 video event categories. A POS-based query method is then applied to video titles, and 6, 538, 319 video samples are obtained from YouTube to represent these categories. To improve classification performance, video content-based features are complemented with scores from a set of classifiers, which can be regarded as a type of high-level features. Extensive evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed automatic event label mining technique, and our feature fusion scheme shows encouraging classification results.
Classical optical cryptography (2015)

This paper describes a cryptographic technique based on coherent optical communication for fiber or free space networks. A pseudo-random cipher-stream is used to band-spread an optical carrier with coded data. The legitimate receiver uses the agreed upon key to modulate its local oscillator and the resulting beat signal will uncover the band-spread signal. An eavesdropper who does not have the key will find the spread signal with too low signal-to-noise ratio to perform any useful determination of the message sequence. Theoretical bounds based on Shannon's Theory of Secrecy is used to show the strength of the encoding scheme which is expected to be superior.
Evaluation of blood flow at ocular fundus using laser speckle phenomena (III) (1989)

The laser speckle method is further studied for evaluating the blood flow at the ocular fundus of normal human volunteers on the basis of the photon correlation technique. The time-correlation length τc of the photon correlation function varies obviously due to the change of the probe position at the human ocular fundus. This paper also studies the ways of eliminating the effect of eye movements and of estimating the shape of the photon correlation function. The experimental results show that the present method can provide favorably the blood-flow information.