gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Recovery in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats by Cotransduction of Striatum with Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Aromatic <scp>l</scp> -Amino Acid Decarboxylase Genes Using Two Separate Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors (1998)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a severe decrease in dopamine in the striatum. A promising approach to the gene therapy of PD is intrastriatal expression of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway for dopamine. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the synthesis of L-dopa, which must be converted to dopamine by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Since the endogenous AADC activity in the striatum is considered to be low, coexpression of both TH and AADC in the same striatal cells would increase the dopamine production and thereby augment the therapeutic effects. In the present study, the TH gene and also the AADC gene were simultaneously transduced into rat striatal cells, using two separate adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, AAV-TH and AAV-AADC. Immunostaining showed that TH and AADC were coexpressed efficiently in the same striatal cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, cotransduction with these two AAV vectors resulted in more effective dopamine production and more remarkable behavioral recovery in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, compared with rats receiving AAV-TH alone (p < 0.01). These findings suggest an alternative strategy for gene therapy of PD and indicate that the simultaneous transduction with two AAV vectors can extend their utility for potential gene therapy applications.
Using a Savart plate in optical metrology (2010)

Non-contact optical measurement methods are essential tools in many industrial and research domains. A family of new non-contact optical measurement methods based on the polarization states splitting technique and monochromatic light projection as a way to overcome ambient lighting for in-situ measurement has been developed<sup>1,2</sup>. Recent works<sup>3</sup> on a birefringent element, a Savart plate, allow to build a more flexible and robust interferometer. This interferometer is a multipurpose metrological device. On one hand, the interferometer can be set in front of a CCD camera. This optical measurement system is called a shearography interferometer and allows to measure micro displacement between two states of the studied object under coherent lighting. On the other hand, by producing and shifting multiple sinusoidal Young's interference patterns with this interferometer, and using a CCD camera, it is possible to build a 3D structured light profilometer. After giving the behavior of the Savart plate, an overview of the two devices will be given as well as their specifications and some applications.
Hemodialysis Access Recirculation Measured by Ultrasound Dilution (1995)

The most widely used clinical method for measuring recirculation in the access device is based on urea dilution. The three simultaneous blood samples required during hemodialysis interrupt the treatment, and results of chemical analysis are often delayed for several days. Alternatively, detecting recirculation by dilution of arterial blood caused by a bolus of normal saline injected into the venous blood line has several advantages. In this study, an ultrasound sensor clamped onto the arterial line entering the dialyzer was used to detect such dilution from a reduction in sound velocity observed in the saline diluted blood. Within the target range, the change in ultrasound velocity (ultrasound dilution) is linearly correlated with the dilution of whole blood by normal saline. The same sensor was also used to measure flow in the blood line using an established ultrasound transit-time method. During 34 hemodialyses in 28 patients, only 3 patients had detectable recirculation measured by ultrasound dilution. To further evaluate the sensitivity of the new method the dialysis lines were reversed during hemodialysis in the 25 patients with no recirculation. After this, all had detectable recirculation ranging from 10 to 60%. The mean error of duplicate measurements was 3.9 +/- 2.8%. Recirculation by ultrasound dilution correlated closely with recirculation measured by urea dilution (r = 0.9156, p < 001). The data suggest that the ultrasound dilution method is both sensitive and accurate. Ease of use and immediate availability of results added to the clinical usefulness of this method for evaluating the integrity of the hemodialysis access.
Supported Molten Metal Catalysis. A New Class of Catalysts (2006)

We describe a new class of heterogeneous catalysts called supported molten metal catalysis (SMMC), in which molten metal catalysts are dispersed as nanodroplets on the surface of porous supports, allowing much larger active surface area than is possible in conventional contacting techniques for catalytic metals that are molten under reaction conditions, thus greatly enhancing their activity and potential utility. Specific examples of different types of reactions are provided to demonstrate the broad applicability of the technique in designing active, selective, and stable new catalysts. It is shown that dispersing the molten metal on a support in the suggested manner can enhance the rate of a reaction by three to four orders of magnitude as a result of the concomitant increase in the active surface area. New reaction examples include {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} supported molten Te (melting point 450 C) and Ga (MP 30 C) catalysts for bifunctional methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation. These catalysts provide activity similar to conventional Pt-based catalysts for this with better resistance to coking. In addition, results are described for a controlled pore glass supported molten In (MP 157 C) catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ethanol in the presence of water, demonstrating activities superior to conventional catalysts for this reaction. A discussion is also provided on the characterization of the active surface area and dispersion of these novel supported catalysts. It is clear based on the results described that the development of new active and selective supported molten metal catalysts for practical applications is entirely plausible.
Direct measurement of α‐human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in plasma by sensitive enzyme immunoassay (1988)

Abstract α‐Human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (α‐hANP) in plasma was directly measured without extraction by sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Polystyrene balls were coated with monoclonal anti‐α‐hANP (ring) IgG, specific for the N‐terminal half of the ring structure including Met‐12 residue of α‐hANP or monoclonal anti‐α‐hANP (N‐terminus) IgG, specific for the N‐terminus of α‐hANP. Rabbit anti‐α‐hANP (C‐ter‐minus) Fab' specific for the C‐terminus of α‐hANP was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The polystyrene ball was incubated with α‐hANP standards or plasma and, after washing, with the conjugate, and bound peroxidase activity was assayed by fluorimetry (two‐step sandwich enzyme immunoassay). The detection limit of α‐hANP was 30–90 fg (10–30 attomo1es)/tube and 0.6–2.3 ng (0.2–0.75 pmol)/L using 0.04–0.05 ml of plasma. The lower detection limit was obtained using monoclonal anti‐α‐hANP (ring) IgG 1 . Plasma hANP levels of healthy men in a supine position after an overnight fast were 24.5 ± 13.2 (SD) ng/L and tended to decrease (15.3 ± 8.5 [SD] ng/L) after intravenous administration of furosemide and subsequent one hour walking. The present sandwich enzyme immunoassay could be modified further to improve the detection limit of plasma 01‐hANP (0.2 ng/L) or to perform a less time‐consuming one‐step sandwich enzyme immunoassay without much loss of the sensitivity.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging Falloposcope (2014)

We are combining multispectral fluorescence imaging (MFI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) into a 0.6mm diameter endoscope. This size allows access to the fallopian tubes transvaginally, creating a minimally-invasive screening method for high risk women.
Shape Unicode: A Unified Shape Representation (2019)

3D shapes come in varied representations from a set of points to a set of images, each capturing different aspects of the shape. We propose a unified code for 3D shapes, dubbed Shape Unicode, that imbibes shape cues across these representations into a single code, and a novel framework to learn such a code space for any 3D shape dataset. We discuss this framework as a single go-to training model for any input representation, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the learned code space by applying it directly to common shape analysis tasks -- discriminative and generative. In this work, we use three common representations -- voxel grids, point clouds and multi-view projections -- and combine them into a single code. Note that while we use all three representations at training time, the code can be derived from any single representation during testing. We evaluate this code space on shape retrieval, segmentation and correspondence, and show that the unified code performs better than the individual representations themselves. Additionally, this code space compares quite well to the representation-specific state-of-the-art in these tasks. We also qualitatively discuss linear interpolation between points in this space, by synthesizing from intermediate points.
LIPOSOME (LIPODINE™)-MEDIATED DNA VACCINATION BY THE ORAL ROUTE (2002)

Plasmid DNA pRc/CMV HBS encoding the S (small) region of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was incorporated by the dehydration-rehydration method into Lipodine liposomes composed of 16 micro moles phosphatidylcholine (PC) or distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), 8 micro moles of (dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) or cholesterol and 4 micro moles of the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) (molar ratios 1 : 0.5 : 0.25). Incorporation efficiency was high (89-93% of the amount of DNA used) in all four formulations tested and incorporated DNA was shown to be resistant to displacement in the presence of the competing anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate molecules. This is consistent with the notion that most of the DNA is incorporated within the multilamellar vesicles structure rather than being vesicle surface-complexed. Stability studies performed in simulated intestinal media also demonstrated that dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV) incorporating DNA (DRV(DNA)) were able to retain significantly more of their DNA content compared to DNA complexed with preformed small unilamellar vesicles (SUV-DNA) of the same composition. Moreover, after 4h incubation in the media, DNA loss for DSPC DRV(DNA) was only minimal, suggesting this to be the most stable formulation. Oral (intragastric) liposome-mediated DNA immunisation studies employing a variety of DRV(DNA) formulations as well as naked DNA revealed that secreted IgA responses against the encoded HBsAg were (as early as three weeks after the first dose) substantially higher after dosing with 100 micro g liposome-entrapped DNA compared to naked DNA. Throughout the fourteen week investigation, IgA responses in mice were consistently higher with the DSPC DRV(DNA) liposomes compared to naked DNA and correlated well with their improved DNA retention when exposed to model intestinal fluids. To investigate gene expression after oral (intragastric) administration, mice were given 100 micro g of naked or DSPC DRV liposome-entrapped plasmid DNA expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (pCMV.EGFP). Expression of the gene, in terms of fluorescence intensity in the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, was much greater in mice dosed with liposomal DNA than in animals dosed with the naked DNA. These results suggest that DSPC DRV liposomes containing DNA (Lipodine) may be a useful system for the oral delivery of DNA vaccines.
Cover Picture: Short Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of <i>ent</i>‐Hydromorphone: An Oxidative Dearomatization/Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition/Amination Sequence (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 17/2014) (2014)

A 12-step chemoenzymatic total synthesisof ent-hydromorphone from β-bromoethylbenzene is described by T. Hudlicky and V. Varghese in their Communication on page 4355 ff. The key steps consist of enzymatic dihydroxylation, Mitsunobu coupling, and oxidative dearomatization followed by intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition. This approach holds potential for further optimization of morphine alkaloid syntheses. We acknowledge the legendary efforts of the chemists pictured, who dedicated their careers to the chemistry of morphine. Cover design: Dennis Ceci, Tomas Hudlicky, Jordan Froese (Brock University).
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Dosimetry for a Large-Scale Radiation Incident (2012)

With possibilities for radiation terrorism and intensified concerns about nuclear accidents since the recent Fukushima Daiichi event, the potential exposure of large numbers of individuals to radiation that could lead to acute clinical effects has become a major concern. For the medical community to cope with such an event and avoid overwhelming the medical care system, it is essential to identify not only individuals who have received clinically significant exposures and need medical intervention but also those who do not need treatment. The ability of electron paramagnetic resonance to measure radiation-induced paramagnetic species, which persist in certain tissues (e.g., teeth, fingernails, toenails, bone, and hair), has led to this technique becoming a prominent method for screening significantly exposed individuals. Although the technical requirements needed to develop this method for effective application in a radiation event are daunting, remarkable progress has been made. In collaboration with General Electric and through funding committed by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, electron paramagnetic resonance tooth dosimetry of the upper incisors is being developed to become a Food and Drug Administration-approved and manufacturable device designed to carry out triage for a threshold dose of 2 Gy. Significant progress has also been made in the development of electron paramagnetic resonance nail dosimetry based on measurements of nails in situ under point-of-care conditions, and in the near future this may become a second field-ready technique. Based on recent progress in measurements of nail clippings, it is anticipated that this technique may be implementable at remotely located laboratories to provide additional information when the measurements of dose on-site need to be supplemented. The authors conclude that electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry is likely to be a useful part of triage for a large-scale radiation incident.
Advanced development of fine coal desulfurization and recovery technology. Annual technical progress report, October 1, 1977--September 30, 1978 (1979)

During the past year, progress was made in the development and improvement of several promising methods for the desulfurization and recovery of fine-size coal. The methods include froth flotation, selective oil agglomeration, pelletization, and a unique chemical desulfurization process based on leaching the fine coal with a hot dilute solution of sodium carbonate containing dissolved oxygen under pressure. The latter is a form of wet oxidation process which converts both organic and inorganic sulfur into soluble sulfates. Progress in the various methods is described.
Dynamic test input generation for web applications (2008)

Web applications routinely handle sensitive data, and many people rely on them to support various daily activities, so errors can have severe and broad-reaching consequences. Unlike most desktop applications, many web applications are written in scripting languages, such as PHP. The dynamic features commonly supported by these languages significantly inhibit static analysis and existing static analysis of these languages can fail to produce meaningful results on realworld web applications.
Design of a high‐efficiency synthetic system for <scp>l</scp>‐asparaginase production in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2019)

l-asparaginase has high application value in medicine and food industry, but the low yield limits its application. In this study, we designed a synthetic system in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> to produce l-asparaginase by improving gene expression and optimizing the fermentation agitation speed. Gene expression was improved by respectively increasing transcription levels and translation speeds through screening promoters and RBS sequences. With the optimal promoter, P43, and the synthetic RBS sequence, the yield obtained in a shake flask was 371.87 U/mL, which was 2.09 times that with the original strain. To further enhance production in a 5-L fermenter, a multistage agitation speed control strategy was adopted, involving agitation at 600 rpm for the first 12 h, followed by a gradual increase in speed to 900 rpm, which resulted in the highest yield of l-asparaginase, 5321 U/mL, after 42 h of fermentation.
Stereoscopic optofluidic on-chip microscope (2011)

We demonstrate an optofluidic microscopy scheme which can acquire stereo images, utilizing different angles of illumination for projection imaging with our sub-pixel resolving optofluidic microscope.
Multiple column high-throughput e-beam inspection (EBI) (2012)

Single-column e-beam systems are used in production for the detection of electrical defects, but are too slow to be used for the detection of small physical defects, and can't meet future inspection requirements. This paper presents a multiple-column e-beam technology for high throughput wafer inspection.\n\nMultibeam has developed all-electrostatic columns for high-resolution imaging. The elimination of magnetic coils enables the columns to be small; e-beam deflection is faster in the absence of magnetic hysteresis. Multiple miniature-columns are assembled in an array. An array of 100 columns covers the entire surface of a 300mm wafer, affording\nsimultaneous cross-wafer sampling. Column performance simulations and system architecture are presented. Also provided are examples of high throughput, more efficient, multiple-column wafer inspection.
EXPRESSION OF A RECOMBINANT ANTIBODY-TARGETED THROMBOLYTIC MOLECULE (1987)

We have recently shown that targeting tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) by covalent linkage to a fibrin-specific monoclonal antibody (59D8) produces a more potent thrombolytic agent which also induces less fibrinogenolysis. A recombinant molecule encoding a t-PA-59D8 fusion protein was constructed to provide a ready source of this agent for further study, and to allow tailoring of the active moities for maximal activity. DNA sequence coding for the 59D8 heavy chain (HC) antigen combining site was cloned from a lambdaphage library by selection with a joining region probe. Gene segments coding for this cloned HC rearrangement, the amino portion of the mouse gamma 2b HC constant region, and the catalytic B chain of t-PA were joined in the pSV2-gpt expression vector. The desired coding sequence was confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. The construct was transfected by electroporation into 59D8 hybridoma HC loss variants. Transfectants were screened for antifibrin antibody activity. Positive clones were shown to produce mRNA which hybridized to the human t-PA gene in Northern blot analysis. Supernatants from 5 of these clones were subjected to affinity chromatography on a synthetic fibrin-like peptide-Sepharose column followed by a benzamidine-Sepharose column. Western blots of SDS polyacrylamide gels run under reducing conditions revealed binding to a 60 kd band by a monoclonal antihuman t-PA antibody, consistent with a 59D8 HC-t-PA fusion protein. Also, binding to a 25 kd band by goat anti-mouse Fab indicated the presence of 59D8 light chain. Affinity purified protein was shown to have amidolytic activity of similar potency to t-PA in a chromogenic substrate assay utilizing S-2288. Bifunctionality of the purified protein was demonstrated first by an assay which requires the protein to bind to immobilized fibrin and simultaneously exhibit activity in the S2288 assay, and second by simultaneous fibrin and iodinated anti-t-PA binding.
Electrochemical cells having alkali metal anodes and electrolyte salt complex compositions including haloorganometallic alkali metal salt complexes. [TiS/sub 2/ cathode] (1979)

Electrochemical cells having alkali metal anodes, e.g., lithium batteries, are described which contain electrolytically active alkali metal salt complexes including haloorganometallic alkali metal salt complexes having the formula ZMR/sub n/K/sub i/, wherein Z is an alkali metal, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn (stannous), P and As, the Rs are specified haloorganic radicals, the Xs are selected from various halides, alkyls, aryls, alkaryls, and aralkyls, and n and i are numerical values the sum of which is equal to one plus the valence of the metal M, subject to the proviso that, if n is zero, at least one X is an organic radical. Rechargeable, high-energy-density electrochemical cells containing an anode having an alkali metal as its active material, a cathode having as its active material a transition metal chalcogenide, and in electrolyte composition of the above-described type are also described. 7 tables.
Amplification of the <i>MET</i> Receptor Drives Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapies in Colorectal Cancer (2013)

EGF receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibodies are effective in a subset of metastatic colorectal cancers. Inevitably, all patients develop resistance, which occurs through emergence of KRAS mutations in approximately 50% of the cases. We show that amplification of the MET proto-oncogene is associated with acquired resistance in tumors that do not develop KRAS mutations during anti-EGFR therapy. Amplification of the MET locus was present in circulating tumor DNA before relapse was clinically evident. Functional studies show that MET activation confers resistance to anti-EGFR therapy both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, in patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts, MET amplification correlated with resistance to EGFR blockade, which could be overcome by MET kinase inhibitors. These results highlight the role of MET in mediating primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer and encourage the use of MET inhibitors in patients displaying resistance as a result of MET amplification.
Liquefaction of sub-bituminous and lignitic coal. [12 claims; 550 to 750/sup 0/F, 30 to 300 psig] (1977)

The quantitative measurement of right ventricular (RV) volume has been attempted by a number of methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, contrast angiography, echocardiography, and radionuclide angiography. All of these methods have limitations. Ultrafast cine computed tomographic (CT) scan is a new technology that may have an important role in on-line ventricular volume measurements. Twelve human explanted hearts, fixed in formalin, were subjected to ultrafast cine CT scans to estimate RV volume. The volumes derived from the CT scans were compared with actual fluid volumes needed to fill the RV volume measurements. All measurements were conducted independently by two observers. Actual RV volumes in the 12 hearts ranged from 29.8 ml to 174.6 ml. A strongly significant correlation between actual volume and CT volume was seen (r = 0.99). Agreement between observers was also seen to be highly significant (r = 0.992). Limitations to accurate in vivo assessment due to bolus injection of contrast medium might include alterations in ventricular pressure change. Similarly, differentiation of the endocardial border with contrast may not be as sharp as that with an air-tissue interface. This study demonstrates that RV volumes can be reliably determined by ultrafast cine CT scans in explanted hearts. On-line systolic and diastolic volumes and thus stroke volume, ejection fraction, etc, can be accurately defined independent of cardiac orientation. This technique offers opportunities to study ventricular function under various conditions.