gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in Aging: Changes in Patterns and Their Relationship to Health and Function (2001)

Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality in aging. However, there is a limited amount of information on the type and amount of activity needed to promote optimal health and function in older people. The purpose of this review is to describe the change in patterns of habitual physical activity in aging and the relationship of these changes to physical function and selected chronic diseases. We undertook a literature review of large population-based studies of physical activity in older people, and there is encouraging evidence that moderate levels of physical activity may provide protection from certain chronic diseases. Additionally, substantial health effects can be accrued independent of the fitness effects achieved through sustained vigorous activity. Thus, regular participation (i.e., 30 minutes/day on most days of the week) in activities of moderate intensity (such as walking, climbing stairs, biking, or yardwork/gardening), which increase accumulated daily energy expenditure and maintain muscular strength, but may not be of sufficient intensity for improving fitness, should be encouraged in older adults. Public policy should focus on ways of increasing volitional and lifestyle activity in older people, as well as on increasing the availability and accessibility of senior and community center programs for promoting physical activity throughout the life span.
PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING HOPF BIFURCATION POINTS (1993)

A new method for stability analysis during continuation is proposed. The method uses shifted inverse iteration to compute a relevant eigenvalue, determining stability. Some additional work has to be done to verify the above solution. Numerical experiments are performed using models of the tubular reactor and the Brusselator.
Hemolytic Complement Activity in Aqueous Humor (1983)

Hemolytic C1, C4, C3, and C5 and IgG levels were measured in aqueous humor obtained at surgery from human eyes without inflammation or previous surgery (group 1), eyes with previous surgery (group 2), and eyes with anterior uveitis (group 3). Serum hemolytic complement and IgG levels were also compared with aqueous humor levels. Aqueous humor from eyes in group 1 contained functional C1, C4, C3, and C5, but there was relatively little complement in normal aqueous humor when compared with serum. The mean values of all complement components and IgG in aqueous humor increased from groups 1 to 3; aqueous-serum ratios for each complement component and IgG also increased from groups 1 to 3. Eyes in group 3 had the highest complement and IgG levels and in some cases these values approached those found in serum.
Learning Automata-Based QoS Framework for Cloud IaaS (2014)

This paper presents a Learning Automata (LA)-based QoS (LAQ) framework capable of addressing some of the challenges and demands of various cloud applications. The proposed LAQ framework ensures that the computing resources are used in an efficient manner and are not over- or under-utilized by the consumer applications. Service provisioning can only be guaranteed by continuously monitoring the resource and quantifying various QoS metrics, so that services can be delivered in an on-demand basis with certain levels of guarantee. The proposed framework helps in ensuring guarantees with these metrics in order to provide QoS-enabled cloud services. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated with and without LA, and it is shown that the LA-based solution improves the performance of the system in terms of response time and speed up.
The All Electric BHA: Recent Developments toward an Intelligent Coiled-Tubing Drilling System (1999)

Abstract This paper considers the ongoing development of an electrically powered bottom hole assembly that has been designed for use in closed-loop, coiled tubing drilling (CTD) applications. The electric BHA has been conceived and designed through a European Drilling Engineers Association [DEA(E)1] joint industry project. This paper introduces the project and reviews its progress to date. Electric coiled tubing drilling, or E-CTD, was delineated as a three phase project to stage progress and reduce technical risk. Phase I of the project, completed in late 1997 was designed to prove the feasibility and concept using standard motor technology. Phase II, currently in a bench testing programme, intends to deliver a fit-for-purpose electric downhole motor (EDM) suitable for drilling a 3.75″ hole. The motor is being incorporated into an electric bottom hole assembly (BHA) which incorporates pressure, temperature and vibration sensors. This is shortly to be field tested in Aberdeen. Phase III of the project, scheduled to start mid-1999, integrates geo-steering and variable-bend directional technology to provide what has been termed the ‘all electric’ BHA. The ultimate goal of the project is to integrate the electric motor into a closed-loop drilling system. It is envisaged that, based upon feedback from near-bit sensors, such a system would be able to automatically adjust drilling parameters to optimise drilling performance. Upon successful completion of basic closed loop functions, the intention is to incorporate the controlability of the BHA into what they describe as an ‘intelligent’ drilling system. This paper outlines a definition of this ‘intelligence’ and the authors also provide an insight into how far they believe that this technology may be taken, in terms of the autonomous decision making ability of a surface computer.
Evaluation of Medium Access Technologies for Next Generation Millimeter-Wave WLAN and WPAN (2009)

The wide harmonized spectrum in the unlicensed millimeter-wave (60 GHz) band has been receiving increased attention, since it enables multi-Gbps data rates suitable for applications of next generation WLAN and WPAN such as wireless display, high-speed device synchronization, and the evolution of Wi-Fi. As such, the industry is in the process of defining new 60 GHz PHY and MAC technologies that can serve a wide variety of applications and usages, as to avoid the proliferation of non-coexistent devices operating in this unoccupied spectrum. Therefore, in this paper we discuss the challenges and trade-offs with three of the most "popular" medium access schemes, namely, CSMA/CA, TDMA, and polling, in meeting the diverse requirements of the applications and usages envisioned for the 60 GHz band. We also analyze the throughput performance of each access technology and discuss a hybrid MAC that takes advantage of each access mechanism to meet the requirements of the envisioned usages and applications of 60 GHz WLAN and WPAN.
Radon Concentrations and Infiltration Rates Measured in Conventional and Energy-efficient Houses (1983)

To elucidate any connection between high radon concentrations and low-infiltration houses, we have concurrently measured the 222Rn concentration and the infiltration rate in U.S. houses. Three housing surveys have been undertaken: one in "energy-efficient" houses located throughout the U.S. and two in "conventional" houses in the San Francisco area and in Maryland. In each of the groups surveyed, no clear correlation was observed between 222Rn concentrations and infiltration rate, although each parameter varied over a wide range. Infiltration rates for the entire sample, numbering 98 houses, ranged between 0.02 and 1.6 air changes per hr, and 222Rn concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 27 pCi/l. It appears that the major cause of the observed differences in 222Rn concentration is variation from one house to another in the rate at which 222Rn enters houses from its sources.
Differentiation Arrest by Hypoxia (2006)

The stem cell niche is a unique tissue microenvironment that regulates the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Although several stromal cells and molecular pathways have been identified, the microenvironment of the stem cell niche remains largely unclear. Recent evidence suggests that stem cells are localized in areas with low oxygen. We have hypothesized that hypoxia maintains the undifferentiated phenotype of stem/precursor cells. In this report, we demonstrate that hypoxia reversibly arrests preadipocytes in an undifferentiated state. Consistent with this observation, hypoxia maintains the expression of pref-1, a key stem/precursor cell gene that negatively regulates adipogenic differentiation. We further demonstrate that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) constitutes an important mechanism for the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by hypoxia. Our findings suggest that hypoxia in the stem cell niche is critical for the maintenance of the undifferentiated stem or precursor cell phenotype.
Laser Ablation of Passivating SINx Layers for Locally Contacting Emitters of High-Efficiency Solar Cells (2006)

Local contacts through dielectric layers are an important prerequisite for the production of very high efficiency SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -or SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -passivated silicon solar cells. We use laser ablation as a contactless process for local removal of dielectric layers. This contactless process is suitable for processing very thin wafers without cell breakage. Carrier lifetime measurements indicate that our laser ablation process produces no or only negligible damage to the silicon crystal. Open-circuit voltages of solar cells which were locally contacted through laser ablated SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> underline the finding that the crystal damage is negligible. High fill factors and low series resistances of 0.6 Ohmcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> reveal the successful local opening of the passivating dielectric layer. These properties qualify local laser ablation of passivating dielectric layers for the production of high-efficiency solar cells. In addition, the contactless nature of laser ablation makes this technique attractive for processing very thin silicon wafers
The RNA-binding protein bicaudal C regulates polycystin 2 in the kidney by antagonizing <i>miR-17</i> activity (2010)

The RNA-binding protein Bicaudal C is an important regulator of embryonic development in C. elegans, Drosophila and Xenopus. In mouse, bicaudal C (Bicc1) mutants are characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidney and by expansion of epithelial ducts in liver and pancreas. This phenotype is reminiscent of human forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Here, we now provide data that Bicc1 functions by modulating the expression of polycystin 2 (Pkd2), a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily. Molecular analyses demonstrate that Bicc1 acts as a post-transcriptional regulator upstream of Pkd2. It regulates the stability of Pkd2 mRNA and its translation efficiency. Bicc1 antagonized the repressive activity of the miR-17 microRNA family on the 3'UTR of Pkd2 mRNA. This was substantiated in Xenopus, in which the pronephric defects of bicc1 knockdowns were rescued by reducing miR-17 activity. At the cellular level, Bicc1 protein is localized to cytoplasmic foci that are positive for the P-body markers GW182 and HEDLs. Based on these data, we propose that the kidney phenotype in Bicc1(-/-) mutant mice is caused by dysregulation of a microRNA-based translational control mechanism.
Creation and environment (2012)

A body of work commissioned for the 3 T's re-development of the Royal County Hospital, Brighton.
Fourier transform profilometry based on a fringe pattern with two frequency components (2006)

A modified Fourier transform profilomtry (FTP) based on a fringe pattern with two frequency components is proposed. We discuss its principle, analyze the maximum measuring range and give an expression to describe the measurable slope of the height variation limitation of this method. The modified FTP provides us another approach to eliminate frequency overlapping. When the spectra distribution of a measured object is not spherical symmetry, we can avoid the frequency aliasing through projecting a fringe pattern with two frequency components, instead of increasing the density of the projected fringe and the resolution of CCD camera. The theoretical analysis and primary experiments verified the method.
Durable Effect of Radioactive Iodine in a Patient with Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (2012)

Objective. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and fastest increasing of all cancers in both men and women in the United States. Traditionally, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) carries a good prognosis when diagnosed early, but increasingly patients are presenting with late-stage disease and bone metastasis which carries a poor prognosis. Treatment of DTC involves surgical resection followed by radioactive iodine (RAI), which conventionally is thought to reach maximal effectiveness between 6 and 12 months following treatment. We report a case and review the literature surrounding long-term effect of radioactive iodine treatment in metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Methods. Patient clinical encounter and the literature review. Results. We describe a 49-year-old woman with symptomatic metastatic follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) to the spine and radiographic evidence of spinal cord compression who was effectively treated with RAI. Her initial serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels following total thyroidectomy were 1,343 ng/mL which dramatically dropped to less than 100 ng/mL following RAI. Forty-three months following treatment with RAI, she has experienced complete resolution of her symptoms and continues to maintain persistently low-thyroglobulin levels of less than 100 ng/mL. Conclusions. RAI is believed to reach peak efficacy within 6-12 months; however, little has been reported regarding the long-term duration of benefit. This case demonstrates that the benefits of RAI therapy may be enduring, even in patients with widely metastatic thyroid cancer. It suggests in clinically stable patients with declining thyroglobulin after treatment, that there may not be an immediate need for additional therapy as RAI treatment may provide lasting effects.
Policies, programmes and interventions: results of focus groups with practitioners, policymakers and researchers (2013)

In order to better understand the fi ndings that came out of the AAA-Prevent study, and ultimately to formulate policy recommendations for further prevention actions on alcohol use, a seminar in Ghent was set up in the form of a series of focus groups. The purpose of this seminar was to encourage a discussion with policymakers, practitioners and researchers from different European countries on the results of the study. These fi ndings were discussed in the form of a series of statements, and two sources of data were used as input for these statements: on the one hand, the fi ndings that came out of the analyses on the ISRD-2 data set; on the other hand, fi ndings from earlier focus groups in the regional seminars were used as well as the national reports that were provided as input for these seminars. The focus groups of the Ghent seminar were held on September 20-21, 2012. Thirty-four participants, representing 17 European countries, were present at the Ghent seminar (see Appendix I for a list of the participants). The represented countries were Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Ireland, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania, Italy, France, Spain, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Armenia, Russia, Hungary and Poland. The focus group sessions were organized in four topics: two fi xed ones and two variable ones. While the fi rst of the two fi xed focus groups handled the question of what levels prevention is supposed to work on, the second one addressed the question of how to handle the different alcohol cultures that exist in Europe. The other three focus group sessions tackled more specifi c topics. The fi rst variable session was on involving parents and adolescents themselves as actors in prevention. The second variable session focused on how structural characteristics of the schools within countries can generate inequalities in drinking patterns. The table below gives an overview of the different focus group topics that took place in this two-day seminar. In what follows we give a synthesis of the fi ndings and recommendations that came out of each of the four focus group topics.
Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of the Complement Regulator Mannose-binding Lectin (MBL)/Ficolin-associated Protein-1 (MAP-1) (2012)

The human lectin complement pathway activation molecules comprise mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-1, -2, and -3 in complex with associated serine proteases MASP-1, -2, and -3 and the non-enzymatic small MBL associated protein or sMAP. Recently, a novel plasma protein named MBL/ficolin-associated protein-1 (MAP-1) was identified in humans. This protein is the result of a differential splicing of the MASP1 gene and includes the major part of the heavy chain but lacks the serine protease domain. We investigated the direct interactions of MAP-1 and MASP-3 with ficolin-3 and MBL using surface plasmon resonance and found affinities around 5 nm and 2.5 nm, respectively. We studied structural aspects of MAP-1 and could show by multi-angle laser light scattering that MAP-1 forms a calcium-dependent homodimer in solution. We were able to determine the crystal structure of MAP-1, which also contains a head-to-tail dimer ∼146 Å long. This structure of MAP-1 also enables modeling and assembly of the MASP-1 molecule in its entirety. Finally we found that MAP-1 competes with all three MASPs for ligand binding and is able to mediate a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the lectin pathway activation, as measured by levels of C3 and C9.
Improved Callus Quality and Prolonged Regenerability in Model and Recalcitrant Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars. (1998)

In vitro performance of immature embryo-derived callus of two barley cultivars, the amenable cultivar, Golden Promise (GP) and the recalcitrant commercial cultivar, Galena (GL), was tested on fourteen media containing combinations of two auxins, dicamba and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and two cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and zeatin. Generalizations for both cultivars include the fact that callus-induction frequencies on dicamba and 2, 4-D alone and dicamba plus zeatin were nearly 100%. Qualitative appearance for both cultivars was nearly identical on comparable media but markedly better on BAP-containing media. The addition of zeatin with either auxin supported vigorous growth due to the proliferation of nonregenerable callus; the presence of BAP produced higher quality callus although it inhibited the relative growth rate. GP calli grown on 2, 4-D plus 0.01mg/L BAP regenerated the largest number of green shoots at most time points relative to other media, while GL tissue on 2, 4-D plus 0.1mg/L BAP yielded the most green shoots at all but one time point. Over time regenerability was lost more rapidly in GL than GP except on 2, 4-D plus BAP media; GL had a higher propensity toward albinism than GP. In both cultivars, the use of 2, 4-D and BAP yielded tissue that proliferated for prolonged periods in a regenerable state.
Hydrophobicity of Rare-earth Oxide Ceramics and their Application in Promoting Sustained Dropwise Condensation and Corrosion and Fouling Mitigation in Hydropower Systems (2020)

Hydrophobic surfaces that are robust can have widespread applications in various industries including energy, hydropower, and transportation. In particular, hydrophobic materials promote dropwise condensation, which results in heat transfer coefficients that can be an order of magnitude higher than those seen in conventional filmwise condensation. Existing durable materials such as metals and ceramics are generally hydrophilic and require polymeric modifiers to render them hydrophobic, but these modifiers deteriorate in harsh environments. Therefore, robust hydrophobic surfaces have been difficult to realize and their widespread applicability has been limited. In this project, the class of ceramics comprising the lanthanide series rare-earth oxides (REOs) is studied for their hydrophobic potential. The unique electronic structure of the rare-earth metal atom inhibits hydrogen bonding with interfacial water molecules resulting in a hydrophobic hydration structure where the surface oxygen atoms are the only hydrogen bonding sites. Despite being inherently hydrophobic, the presence of excess surface oxygen on REOs can lead to increased hydrogen bonding and thereby reduce their hydrophobicity. Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and wetting measurements, surface stoichiometry and surface relaxations have been shown to impact wetting properties of REOs. Specifically, freshly sputtered ceria is shown to be hydrophilic due to excess surface oxygen (shown to have an O/Ce ratio of ~3), which when relaxed in a clean, ultra-high vacuum environment isolated from airborne contaminants reaches close to stoichiometric O/Ce ratio (~2.2) and becomes hydrophobic. Further, airborne hydrocarbon contaminants do not exclusively impact the wetting properties of REOs, and relaxed REOs are intrinsically hydrophobic. This project also demonstrates that thin-film coatings (~300 nm) of relaxed hydrophobic REOs show sustained dropwise condensation behavior for over 100 hours at accelerated saturated steam conditions without compromising structural integrity or hydrophobicity, and produce an almost tenfold enhancement in the heat transfer co-efficient (103 ± 5 kW/m2K) compared to conventional filmwise condensation (usually <10 kW/m2K). It is envisioned that robust hydrophobic rare-earth oxide ceramics will have far reaching technological applications, especially in dropwise condensation and fouling mitigation in hydropower systems.
A New Synthesis of 1β-Alkylcarbapenems Utilizing Eschenmoser Sulfide Contraction of the Novel Thiazinone Intermediates (1996)

Novel syntheses of the 1beta-alkylcarbapenems were achieved on the basis of Eschenmoser sulfide contraction via the new bicyclic 1,3-thiazinone intermediates. 1,3-Thiazinones 7, 16, and 25 were effectively prepared from thioesters 5 and 22 using a C4-S bond formation process. The sulfide contraction reactions were performed by treatment of 7, 16, and 25 with base (NaH or KO-t-Bu) in the presence of triphenylphosphine to generate the corresponding carbapenem enolate 12, 17, and 26, which were trapped by (PhO)(2)POCl followed by the reaction with mercaptans to afford carbapenems 10a, 10b, 19, and 28, respectively.
Effect of various alkaline agents on the size and morphology of nano-sized HKUST-1 for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption (2015)

Two type of modulators, including sodium acetate and triethylamine were used to synthesize nanosized HKUST-1 crystals with tailored size and morphology using a coordination modulation method.