gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic nonlinear predictive model-construction algorithm using forward regression and the PRESS statistic (2003)

An automatic nonlinear predictive model-construction algorithm is introduced based on forward regression and the predicted-residual-sums-of-squares (PRESS) statistic. The proposed algorithm is based on the fundamental concept of evaluating a model's generalisation capability through crossvalidation. This is achieved by using the PRESS statistic as a cost function to optimise model structure. In particular, the proposed algorithm is developed with the aim of achieving computational efficiency, such that the computational effort, which would usually be extensive in the computation of the PRESS statistic, is reduced or minimised. The computation of PRESS is simplified by avoiding a matrix inversion through the use of the orthogonalisation procedure inherent in forward regression, and is further reduced significantly by the introduction of a forward-recursive formula. Based on the properties of the PRESS statistic, the proposed algorithm can achieve a fully automated procedure without resort to any other validation data set for iterative model evaluation. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm.
Adversarial Complementary Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Localization (2018)

In this work, we propose Adversarial Complementary Learning (ACoL) to automatically localize integral objects of semantic interest with weak supervision. We first mathematically prove that class localization maps can be obtained by directly selecting the class-specific feature maps of the last convolutional layer, which paves a simple way to identify object regions. We then present a simple network architecture including two parallel-classifiers for object localization. Specifically, we leverage one classification branch to dynamically localize some discriminative object regions during the forward pass. Although it is usually responsive to sparse parts of the target objects, this classifier can drive the counterpart classifier to discover new and complementary object regions by erasing its discovered regions from the feature maps. With such an adversarial learning, the two parallel-classifiers are forced to leverage complementary object regions for classification and can finally generate integral object localization together. The merits of ACoL are mainly two-fold: 1) it can be trained in an end-to-end manner; 2) dynamically erasing enables the counterpart classifier to discover complementary object regions more effectively. We demonstrate the superiority of our ACoL approach in a variety of experiments. In particular, the Top-1 localization error rate on the ILSVRC dataset is 45.14%, which is the new state-of-the-art.
Through silicon via (TSV) effects on devices in close proximity - the role of mobile ion penetration - characterization and mitigation (2014)

A new interaction between TSV processes and devices in close proximity, different from mechanical stress, is identified, studied and mitigated. Detailed characterization via Triangular Voltage Sweep (TVS) and SIMS shows the role of mobile ion penetration from BEOL layers. An improved process is presented and confirmed in test structures and DRAM.
Discriminative 3D morphable model fitting (2015)

This paper presents a novel discriminative method for estimating 3D shape from a single image with 3D Morphable Model (3DMM). Until now, most traditional 3DMM fitting methods depend on the analysis-by-synthesis framework which searches for the best parameters by minimizing the difference between the input image and the model appearance. They are highly sensitive to initialization and have to rely on the stochastic optimization to handle local minimum problem, which is usually a time-consuming process. To solve the problem, we find a different direction to estimate the shape parameters through learning a regressor instead of minimizing the appearance difference. Compared with the traditional analysis-by-synthesis framework, the new discriminative approach makes it possible to utilize large databases to train a robust fitting model which can reconstruct shape from image features accurately and efficiently. We compare our method with two popular 3DMM fitting algorithms on FRGC database. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of efficiency, robustness and accuracy.
Improved spectrum sensing for OFDM cognitive radio in the presence of timing offset (2014)

Abstract Spectrum sensing is an important aspect of an (interweave) cognitive radio network. In the particular case of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission, many previous spectrum sensing algorithms have utilized the unique correlation properties provided by the cyclic prefix (CP). However, they have also had to both estimate and compensate for the inherent timing offset of a practical system. This is because the timing offset will affect both the test statistic and the threshold, and the inaccurate estimation of timing offset will lead to poor performance. So in this paper, we propose an improved CP detector by constructing a likelihood ratio test (LRT) based on the multivariate probability density functions (pdf) of a particular auto-correlation vector that is chosen to exploit the existence of the CP. This leads to ‘probability of detection’ ( P d ) and ‘probability of false alarm’ ( P f ) terms that are actually independent of timing offset, and we can get an accurate threshold without estimating timing offset. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods, even for low SNR values. Finally, we show how the algorithm’s parameters must be carefully chosen in a trade-off between spectrum sensing success and overall system performance.
Importance of Red Oak Mother Tree to Nursery Productivity (1994)

Abstract Acorns from 19 red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) trees were collected in fall 1988. Whips were produced in 1989 and field planted in 1990. Mother tree identity was maintained throughout the study. Growth during the whip production phase was rapid; the average height growth for the 19 families was 122 cm (approximately 4 ft). The best family averaged 167 cm (5.5 ft), the worst 73 cm (2.5 ft) with average individual whip values of $11.20 and $2.80, respectively. When transplanted to nursery fields, the whips had high survival and rapid growth rates. Average individual tree value at the end of three growing seasons ranged from $38.60 to $11.20 for families 6 and 12, respectively. All the traits measured in this study: height, caliper, % acceptable and individual tree value, have relatively high heritability estimates, indicating that traits are under genetic control and thus subject to manipulation by nursery mangers and breeders. The family that produced the highest value whips, did not produce the highest value finish stock. Average finish stock value for a family was determined more by the percentage of the acceptable trees (a measure of quality), than by plant height or caliper (measures of growth).
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation of the Coates Catalyst: A Practical and Versatile Catalytic System for the Carbonylation of meso‐Epoxides. (2011)

Abstract The catalytic system is effective at low loading in the carbonylation of a variety of functionalized, sterically hindered and heterocyclic epoxides to yield β‐lactones.
210 km repeaterless 10 Gb/s transmission experiment through nondispersion-shifted fiber using partial response scheme (1995)

In order to increase the dispersion-limited propagation distance at 10 Gb/s through nondispersion-shifted fiber, a chromatic dispersion tolerant signalling technique is used, based upon a reduced optical signal bandwidth. We have achieved a 210 km repeaterless transmission distance at 10 Gb/s over nondispersion-shifted fiber with a measured bit error ratio lower than 10/sup -12/. At this distance, a receiver penalty of 1.7 dB was obtained at 10/sup -10/ bit-error ratio, while an almost penalty-free transmission has been performed through 189 km. The technique relaxes the bandwidth requirements for the optoelectronic components at the transmitter level and involves a standard 10 Gb/s receiver at the output end of the transmission link.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of some novel imidazolidine derivatives and their metal complexes with biological and antitumor activity (2006)

Abstract Halogenated imidazo(pyrazine,[1,4]diazocine and quinoxaline), 9,10‐anthraquinone‐ [6,7‐e], phenanthroline[5,6‐e] {imidazo[4,5‐b]pyrazine}, and naphtho[1,8‐ef]imidazo[4,5‐b][1,4] diazipen were obtained through interaction of imidazolidineiminothiones with the corresponding diamino compounds. Imidazo[4,5‐e] triazine and pyrrolo[2,3‐d]imidazole were prepared when the iminothiones were reacted with thiocarbohydrazide and with ethylphenyl acetate, separately. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited better biological and antitumor activities. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:634–647, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20244
On Agreement between Tactile Sensing and Rendering (2019)

Tele-operated robots are still useful in disaster-relief activities since autonomous robots may have a lot of problems because of less chance for machine learning. In tele-operations tactile rendering for human operators should agree with tactile sensing by the tele-operated robots. We focus on the tasks of picking up objects in this paper. Vision-based tactile sensors, which are able to measure slipperiness of stick ratio between the fingertip and the object, are used for evaluating the agreement of tactile sensing and rendering. Preliminary experiments shows that the proposed tactile display has a potential to render slipperiness of stick ratio and the usage of vision-based tactile sensors makes it possible to evaluate for the agreement of tactile sensing and rendering without obscuration of subjective assessment.
Simultaneous State Measurement of Coupled Josephson Phase Qubits (2005)

One of the many challenges of building a scalable quantum computer is single-shot measurement of all the quantum bits (qubits). We have used simultaneous single-shot measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits to directly probe interaction of the qubits in the time domain. The concept of measurement crosstalk is introduced, and we show that its effects are minimized by careful adjustment of the timing of the measurements. We observe the antiphase oscillation of the two-qubit 01 and 10 states, consistent with quantum mechanical entanglement of these states, thereby opening the possibility for full characterization of multiqubit gates and elementary quantum algorithms.
Why do inhibitors develop? Principles of and factors influencing the risk for inhibitor development in haemophilia (2006)

The formation of inhibitory alloantibodies is, in the postinfectious era, the most severe and costly complication of replacement therapy in patients with haemophilia. The complexity of the immune response to the infused factor becomes more and more obvious as knowledge in the area increases. Antibodies develop as a result of a complex multi-factorial interaction between antigen-presenting cells, T- and B-lymphocytes. Genetic susceptibility of cell surface molecules, such as the major histocompatibility complex, the T-cell receptor and cytokine receptors, as well as various immunomodulatory molecules have a major impact on the outcome. In addition, environmental factors probably influence the risk of inhibitor development. The current concept of inhibitor development is reviewed. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved will facilitate improvement of therapy in the future, and hopefully provide an opportunity to prevent this complication of treatment.
Alumina from coal wastes through the formation of aluminum nitride by carbothermal reduction under nitrogen (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlumina from coal wastes through the formation of aluminum nitride by carbothermal reduction under nitrogenHong Yong Sohn and Donna D. HarbuckCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 2, 367–372Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300022a040https://doi.org/10.1021/i300022a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tumor- and Immune Cell-Derived Exosomes (2014)

T細胞、NK細胞、樹状細胞（DC）、マクロファージなど、抗腫瘍免疫応答の主体となる免疫細胞群の放出するエクソソームの生物学的意義や、癌細胞の増殖、全身循環、転移環境形成への関与の報告は非常に乏しい。一方、大量培養が比較的容易な癌細胞に由来するエクソソーム、もしくは癌患者血液中のエクソソームについては、主に内包マイクロRNAs（miRs）介在的に腫瘍細胞自身、繊維芽細胞、マクロファージなどに影響を及ぼし、癌微小環境の形成、原発部位から転移先に至る癌転移環境の形成、腫瘍細胞増殖に重大な役割を果たすことや、癌免疫応答を負に調節することが、近年明らかにされている。本稿では、癌細胞放出エクソソームの機能を理解することによって見えてくる免疫細胞由来エクソソームの可能な役割を論じ、将来のエクソソームをデバイスとした癌免疫治療法の可能性を模索する。
Toward an Understanding of Intermediate- and Short-Range Defects in ZnO Single Crystals. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study (2008)

A joint use of experimental and theoretical techniques allows us to understand the key role of intermediate- and short-range defects in the structural and electronic properties of ZnO single crystals obtained by means of both conventional hydrothermal and microwave-hydrothermal synthesis methods. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, photoluminescence, scanning electronic and transmission electron microscopies were used to characterize the thermal properties, crystalline and optical features of the obtained nano and microwires ZnO structures. In addition, these properties were further investigated by means of two periodic models, crystalline and disordered ZnO wurtzite structure, and first principles calculations based on density functional theory at the B3LYP level. The theoretical results indicate that the key factor controlling the electronic behavior can be associated with a symmetry breaking process, creating localized electronic levels above the valence band.
Ether lipid derivatives: Antineoplastic activity in vitro and the structure‐activity relationship (1986)

The antineoplastic activity of two ether lipid derivatives, the alkyl-lysophospholipid derivative (ALP) ET-18-OCH3 and the ether-linked lipoidal amine CP-46,665 was tested in a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) in vitro. CP-46,665 suppressed the colony formation of various human tumors with a slight dose response relation after 1 hr incubation and with a clear optimum (85% response rate) after continuous exposure in the higher dose range tested (10 micrograms/ml). ET-18-OCH3 did not have substantial activity after 1 hr of incubation. However, when continuous exposure to the compound was used, ET-18-OCH3 seemed to have a modest dose response effect and yielded a response in about 60% of the tumor cell samples tested in the higher dose range (10 micrograms/ml). Thus, both compounds have in vitro antitumor activity in the HTCA within a dose range of 1-10 micrograms/ml, especially during continuous exposure. The tumor specific type activity was found in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer and mesothelioma. Both compounds caused decreases in colony formation down to the 0%, 2% and 4% levels. In a comparison of specimens in which both compounds were used, only one of five times showed a discordance in sensitivity or resistance; therefore the compounds appear similar in their in vitro activity. In a second set of experiments we tested the structure-activity relationship among a variety of ALP in the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay after incubation with HL-60 leukemic blasts and other neoplastic cells from human origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Water analysis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater analysisPatrick. MacCarthy, Ronald W. Klusman, Steven W. Cowling, and James A. RiceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 12, 244–292Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00060a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1055Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Software code obfuscation by hiding control flow information in stack (2011)

Software code released to the user has the risk of reverse engineering attacks. Obfuscation is a technique in which the software code is transformed into a semantically equivalent form which is harder to reverse engineer. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to obfuscate software programs. The basic idea of our algorithm is to remove vital information such as jump instructions from the program code section and hide them in the data section. These instructions are then reconstructed to their original form dynamically at run time, thus making the program semantically equivalent to the original program. Experimental results on programs from the SPECint benchmark suites indicate that the algorithm performs well in introducing instruction disassembly errors and control flow errors without bloating up the size of the program too much.
Dopamine modulates the kinetics of ion channels gated by excitatory amino acids in retinal horizontal cells. (1990)

Upon exposure to dopamine, cultured teleost retinal horizontal cells become more responsive to the putative photoreceptor neurotransmitter L-glutamate and to its analog kainate. We have recorded unitary and whole-cell currents to determine the mechanism by which dopamine enhances ion channels activated by these agents. In single-channel recordings from cell-attached patches with agonist in the patch pipette, the frequency of 5- to 10-pS unitary events, but not their amplitude, increased by as much as 150% after application of dopamine to the rest of the cell. The duration of channel openings also increased somewhat, by 20-30%. In whole-cell experiments, agonists with and without dopamine were applied to voltage-clamped horizontal cells by slow superfusion. Analysis of whole-cell current variance as a function of mean current indicated that dopamine increased the probability of channel opening for a give agonist concentration without changing the amount of current passed by an individual channel. For kainate, noise analysis additionally demonstrated that dopamine did not alter the number of functional channels. Dopamine also increased a slow spectral component of whole-cell currents elicited by kainate or glutamate, suggesting a change in the open-time kinetics of the channels. This effect was more pronounced for currents induced by glutamate than for those induced by kainate. We conclude that dopamine potentiates the activity of horizontal cell glutamate receptors by altering the kinetics of the ion channel to favor the open state.
Comparison of Serum and Heparinized Plasma Samples for Measurement of Chemistry Analytes (2004)

Although serum and heparinized plasma specimens are considered equivalent for many assays, differences in results between these two sample types have been reported for several chemistry analytes. Significant differences between serum and heparinized plasma results have been reported for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatine kinase, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), inorganic phosphorus, potassium, and total protein (1). The concentration differences in results for calcium, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, potassium, and total protein between serum and heparinized plasma were felt to be large enough to affect clinical interpretation in certain instances. The aim of this study was to compare results from serum and heparinized plasma samples for 45 different chemistry tests.

Twenty apparently healthy volunteers who had been fasting for 12–14 h had serum and lithium-heparin specimens collected in that standard draw order during a single venipuncture. All studies conducted with human samples were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Utah. The samples were centrifuged, serum and plasma were separated from cells within 1 h of collection, and 1-mL aliquots were frozen within 2 h of collection and stored at −70 °C for up to 8 months. Before analysis, the aliquots were thawed and mixed well. Matched aliquots of serum and heparinized plasma …
Text classification using document-document semantic similarity (2013)

One of the key problems encountered while using a text classification learning algorithms is that they require huge amount of labelled examples to learn accurately. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel method of topic modelling and document-document semantic similarity algorithm (DDSSA), which reduces the need for larger training data. This algorithm finds the concepts and keywords of the unlabelled text, identifying the topic of unlabelled text from list of concepts and keywords obtained from labelled text. This can be achieved by obtaining the concepts of the labelled text and identify the keywords which holds strong relationships with given labelled data. This topics and keywords obtained from the labelled text can be stored in the database which in turn can be used to compute the semantic similarity with concepts obtained from the unlabelled text. The proposed method is compared with the popular latent semantic analysis (LSA) applied in NLTK and Mallet datasets. The experiment result shows that the proposed method is superior to LSA in most of the cases.