gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute: High-level programming language design for distributed computation Design rationale and language definition (2021)

This paper studies key issues for distributed programming in high-level languages. We discuss the design space and describe an experimental language, Acute, which we have defined and implemented. Acute extends an OCaml core to support distributed development, deployment, and execution, allowing type-safe interaction between separately-built programs. It is expressive enough to enable a wide variety of distributed infrastructure layers to be written as simple library code above the byte-string network and persistent store APIs, disentangling the language runtime from communication. This requires a synthesis of novel and existing features: (1) type-safe marshalling of values between programs; (2) dynamic loading and controlled rebinding to local resources; (3) modules and abstract types with abstraction boundaries that are respected by interaction; (4) global names, generated either freshly or based on module hashes: at the type level, as runtime names for abstract types; and at the term level, as channel names and other interaction handles; (5) versions and version constraints, integrated with type identity; (6) local concurrency and thread thunkification; and (7) second-order polymorphism with a namecase construct. We deal with the interplay among these features and the core, and develop a semantic definition that tracks abstraction boundaries, global names, and hashes throughout compilation and execution, but which still admits an efficient implementation strategy.
Incoherent Solitons in Instantaneous Response Nonlinear Media (2004)

We show theoretically and experimentally in an optical fiber system that solitons can be spontaneously generated from incoherent light in an instantaneous response nonlinear Kerr medium. The theory reveals that the unexpected existence of these incoherent solitons relies on a phase-locking mechanism, which leads to the emergence of a mutual coherence between the incoherent waves that constitute the soliton.
Transcription of the ADH2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is limited by positive factors that bind competitively to its intact promoter region on multicopy plasmids. (1987)

Transcription of the ADH2 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inhibited by excess copies of its own promoter region. This competition effect was promoter specific and required the upstream activation sequence of ADH2 as well as sequences 3' to the TATA box. Introducing excess copies of ADR1, an ADH2-specific regulatory gene, did not alleviate the competition that was observed in these circumstances during both constitutive and derepressed ADH2 expression. Excess copies of the upstream region did not release ADH2 from glucose repression, consistent with the view that ADH2 is regulated by positive trans-acting factors.
Confidaent: Control FLow protection with Instruction and Data Authenticated Encryption (2020)

Computing devices became part of our daily world. But being physically accessible they are exposed to a very large panel of physical attacks, which are most of the time underestimated. These systems must include protections against these attacks in order to keep user data secret and safe. In this work, we argue that addressing the security requirements of embedded processors with independent countermeasures is not the most efficient strategy and may introduce security flaws in the process. Instead, we suggest a more monolithic approach to security design. Following this idea, we propose a new efficient and flexible memory encryption & authentication mechanism called CONFIDAENT, that can protect code and data in embedded processors. On the top of this primitive, we build a strong Control Flow Integrity (CFI) countermeasure. We describe a RISC-V instruction set extension to support these mechanisms and the compiler support needed in the LLVM framework. This new countermeasure is developed on a modified RISCY RISCV core and its performances are evaluated on a FPGA target. We conclude that a truly high-security can be achieved, with an overhead factor of ×2.66 up to ×3.73 on execution time of benchmarks programs.
Study on expression system of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene in e.coli (2003)

A 924bp fragment encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene was got from the Pseudomonas sp. S-47 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The PCR product was digested with BamHI and Sad, and inserted into the pBluescript SK vector. The sequencing result indicated that the nucleotide sequence of the xylE gene was the same as that reported by Kim in 2000. The gene was inserted into a vector pG251 with gentamicin resistance gene promoter and tlt2 terminator, and into vectors pYF395 and pYF5254 respectively with ompA and EAP signal sequences, and Ipp and Ga~r promoters, and so the constitutive expression vector pG251 and the secretion vectors pYFXl and pYFX2 were constructed. The determination of enzyme activity showed that pG251 was 665 mu/mL, pYFXl 1815 mu/mL and pYFX2 1015mu/mL. The SDS-PAGE revealed that the expression product of xylE gene was about 35 kD protein.
Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions (2021)

Preservatives in multidose formulations of topical ophthalmic medications are crucial for maintaining sterility but can be toxic to the ocular surface. Benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-used in approximately 70% of ophthalmic formulations-is well known to cause cytotoxic damage to conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells, resulting in signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSD) including ocular surface staining, increased tear break-up time, and higher OSD symptom scores. These adverse effects are more problematic with chronic exposure, as in lifetime therapy for glaucoma, but can also manifest after exposure as brief as seven days. Multiple strategies are available to minimize or eliminate BAK exposure, among them alternative preservatives, preservative-free formulations including sustained release drug delivery platforms, and non-pharmacological therapies for common eye diseases and conditions. In this paper, we review the cytotoxic and clinical effects of BAK on the ocular surface and discuss existing and emerging options for ocular disease management that can minimize or eliminate BAK exposure.
Sample introduction in high speed capillary gas chromatography; input band width and detection limits (1987)

Abstract The speed of analysis in capillary gas chromatography can be substantially increased by reduction of the column inner diameter. However, special demands are then posed upon instrumental design. In particular, the sampling system is highly critical because it has to be capable of delivering extremely small injection band widths which must be compatible with the column inside diameter. This study focuses on the evaluation of two potentially suitable sample introduction systems with respect to input band width and detection limits and their compatibility with small bore (≦ 100 μm) columns in capillary gas chromatography. One of them allows liquid on‐column injection, based on liquid splitting, of only a few nl onto small bore (≦ 100 ◂m) fused silica columns. For gases, input band widths as low as 1 ms are obtained with this system. The other one is part of a miniaturized gas chromatograph with extremely low dead volume interfaces and detector volumes. It allows input band widths for gases of a few ms. Without any preconcentration ppm concentrations are measured in gaseous samples with a 80 ◂m thick film capillary column. It will be shown that a further reduction of the minimum detectable amount and analysis time is possible with this equipment.
[Meniscal repair with autogenous periosteum and fibrin adhesive system]. (1992)

It is well recognized that meniscal tear in the avascular portion is difficult to heal. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of periosteum and fibrin adhesive system (FAS) in promoting the meniscal repair in the avascular zone. Full-thickness defects of 1 x 3 mm were created in the avascular portion of lateral menisci in adult mongrels. The control menisci were left without any treatment. The experimental defects were either repaired with autogenous periosteum or the combination of periosteum and FAS. Histologic and ultrastructural evaluation of the reparative tissue were compared at 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively. The reparative tissue in the control group remained fibrous even at week 16, whereas that in the grafted and graft/FAS groups resembled normal adjacent fibrocartilage. Moreover, the regenerated chondrocytes in the graft/FAS group appeared more mature than those in the grafted group. Our results suggest that periosteum is a potential source of primitive cells from which chondrocytes could be differentiated and developed during the reparative process of meniscal fibrocartilage. As to FAS, it not only acted as a hemostatic agent and a fixant, but also could indirectly accelerate the chondrogenesis of periosteum in the meniscal defects. It is sufficient to conclude that the combination of periosteum and FAS in promoting meniscal defects or severe tears in the avascular portion bears its potential in future clinical application.
Preparation of Fast Dissolving Films for Oral Dosage from Natural Polysaccharides (2010)

Fast-dissolving films (FDFs) were prepared from natural polysaccharides, such as pullulan, without heating, controlling the pH, or adding other materials. The release profiles of model drugs from the films were investigated. In the absence of a drug, the casting method and subsequent evaporation of the solvent resulted in the polysaccharide forming a circular film. The presence of drugs (both their type and concentration) affected film formation. The thickness of the film was controllable by adjusting the concentration of the polysaccharide, and regular unevenness was observed on the surface of 2% pullulan film. All films prepared with polysaccharides readily swelled in dissolution medium, released the incorporated compound, and subsequently disintegrated. The release of dexamethasone from the films was complete after 15 min, although this release rate was slightly slower than that of pilocarpine or lidocaine. Therefore, FDFs prepared from polysaccharides could be promising candidates as oral dosage forms containing drugs, and would be expected to show drug dissolution in the oral cavity.
Delayed Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Vascular Cells (2008)

Abstract We investigated the long‐term behaviour of vascular cells (endothelial and smooth muscle) after exposure to a cold atmospheric plasma source. The cells were treated through a gas‐permeable membrane, in order to simulate intravenous treatment with a gas plasma‐filled catheter. Such indirect treatment resulted in (dose‐dependent) apoptosis and necrosis in smooth muscle cells; these effects were visible 6–10 h after exposure. We ascribed cell damage to poisoning by active nitrogen species. A not yet resolved phenomenon of total (irreversible) cell inactivation without necrosis was observed in endothelial cells. Conditions for non‐inflammatory plasma treatment (no cell necrosis) can be realized. Furthermore, the current experiments have brought new insights in the mechanism of cell detachment, which was observed in many previous studies. magnified image
A simple ligation-based method to increase the information density in sequencing reactions used to deconvolute nucleic acid selections (2007)

Herein, a method is described to increase the information density of sequencing experiments used to deconvolute nucleic acid selections. The method is facile and should be applicable to any selection experiment. A critical feature of this method is the use of biotinylated primers to amplify and encode a BamHI restriction site on both ends of a PCR product. After amplification, the PCR reaction is captured onto streptavidin resin, washed, and digested directly on the resin. Resin-based digestion affords clean product that is devoid of partially digested products and unincorporated PCR primers. The product's complementary ends are annealed and ligated together with T4 DNA ligase. Analysis of ligation products shows formation of concatemers of different length and little detectable monomer. Sequencing results produced data that routinely contained three to four copies of the library. This method allows for more efficient formulation of structure-activity relationships since multiple active sequences are identified from a single clone.
Design of hybrid position/force engagement controller for dry dual clutch transmission without diaphragm spring (2014)

This paper suggests a position/force hybrid controller for the dry dual clutch transmission actuators that provides accurate desired clutch normal force tracking performance and also dramatically reduces clutch-transferred torque fluctuation and wheel jerk during vehicle launch and gear shifts when compared to conventional position-based controllers. The proposed controller is composed of a multiple surface sliding mode controller with current estimation for the position-based control and feed-forward clutch normal force controller with clutch normal force estimation for force-based feedback control. Strategy to merge these controllers is suggested for effective actuator control both during the disengaged and engaged phases, which especially serves a significant advantage in clutch control for the system with minimal clutch engagement stroke designed for high actuation efficiency. In order to verify such advantage, the suggested controller is tested on the driveline model for dual clutch transmission and clutch actuators for the clutch system without diaphragm spring that are designed using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results reveal that accurate clutch normal force control with reduced jerk is possible even in the absence of the diaphragm spring.
In vitro and in vivo survival of frozen‐thawed bovine oocytes after IVF, nuclear transfer, and parthenogenetic activation (1998)

Cryopreservation of bovine oocytes would be beneficial both for nuclear transfer and for preservation efforts. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the viability as well as the cryodamage to the nucleus vs. cytoplasm of bovine oocytes following freezing-thawing of oocytes at immature (GV) and matured (MII) stages using in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenetic activation, or nuclear transfer assays. Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries. Oocytes at the GV, MII, or MII but enucleated (MIIe) stages were cryopreserved in 5% (v/v) ethylene glycol; 6% (v/v) 1,2-propanediol; and 0.1-M sucrose in PBS supplemented with 20% (v/v) fetal bovine serum. Frozen-thawed oocytes were subjected to IVF, parthenogenetic activation, or nuclear transfer assays. Significantly fewer GV oocytes survived (i.e., remained morphologically intact during freezing-thawing) than did MII oocytes (47% vs. 84%). Subsequent development of the surviving frozen-thawed GV and MII oocytes was not different (58% and 60% cleavage development; 7% and 12% blastocyst development at Day 9, respectively, P > 0.05). Parthenogenetic activation of frozen-thawed oocytes resulted in significantly lower rates of blastocyst development for the GV than the MII oocyte groups (1% vs. 14%). Nuclear transfer with cytoplasts derived from frozen-thawed GV, MII, MIIe, and fresh-MII control oocytes resulted in 5%, 16%, 14%, and 17% blastocyst development, respectively. However, results of preliminary embryo transfer trials showed that fewer pregnancies were produced from cloned embryos derived from frozen oocytes or cytoplasts (9%, n = 11 embryos) than from fresh ones (19%, n = 21 embryos). Transfer of embryos derived by IVF from cryopreserved GV and MII oocytes also resulted in term development of calves. Our results showed that both GV and MII oocytes could survive freezing and were capable of developing into offspring following IVF or nuclear transfer. However, blastocyst development of frozen-thawed oocytes remains poorer than that of fresh oocytes, and our nuclear transfer assay suggests that this poorer development was likely caused by cryodamage to the oocyte cytoplasm as well as to the nucleus. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51:281–286, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rethinking online monitoring methods for information retrieval systems: From search product to search process (1996)

Searching information retrieval systems is a highly interactive, iterative process that cannot be understood simply by comparing the output of a search session (the “search product”) to a query stated in advance. In this article, we examine evaluation goals and methods for studying information retrieval behavior, drawing examples from our own research and that of others. We limit our review to research that employs online monitoring, also known as transaction log analysis. Online monitoring is one of few methods that can capture detailed data on the search process at a reasonable cost; these data can be used to build quantitative models or to support qualitative interpretations of quantitative results. Monitoring is a data collection technique rather than a research design, and can be employed in experimental or field studies, whether alone or combined with other data collection methods. Based on the research questions of interest, the researcher must determine what variables to collect from each data source, which to treat as independent variables to manipulate, and which to treat as dependent variables to observe effects. Studies of searching behavior often treat search task and searcher characteristics as independent variables and may manipulate other independent variables specific to the research questions addressed. Search outcomes, time, and search paths frequently are treated as dependent variables. We discuss each of these sets of variables, illustrating them with sample results from the literature and from our own research. Our examples are drawn from the Science Library Catalog project, a 7-year study of children's searching behavior on an experimental retrieval system. We close with a brief discussion of the implications of these results for the design of information retrieval systems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Upconversion and anti‐Stokes Processes with f and d Ions in Solids (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Analysis of Genetic Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Cannabis sativa L. using ISSR Markers (2009)

An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed and plants of a high THC yielding elite variety (MX-1) of Cannabis sativa were produced using nodal segments containing axillary buds [1]. The genetic stability of the micropropagated plants was evaluated up to thirty passages in culture and hardened in soil for 8 months using the method of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) DNA fingerprinting. ISSR profiles of micropropagated and hardened plantlets were compared with the mother plant grown indoor. A total of 15 ISSR primers resulted in 115 distinct and reproducible bands. All the ISSR profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to the mother plants. No variation was detected within the micropropagated plants. These results suggest that the culture conditions used for shoot proliferation are appropriate for clonal propagation of the elite variety of C. sativa as they do not seem to interfere with the integrity of the regenerated plants. This study is of high significance as these plants are selected to be used in the mass propagation for the production of biomass, as a starting material for the isolation of THC as a bulk active pharmaceutical. Acknowledgements: The work was supported in part by National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), Contract No. N01DA-0-7707. References: [1] Lata H, et al. (2008) In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant, (In Press; DOI 10.1007/s11627-008-9167-5)
Postmortem verification of MS cortical lesion detection with 3D DIR (2012)

In this postmortem verification study, we have shown that 3D DIR is highly pathologically specific, and more sensitive to CLs than 3D FLAIR in MS.
Complement components C1q, C1r/C1s, and C1inh in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)

The synovium is important for the synthesis and secretion of C1q and C1r/C1s, as well as the control protein C1INH, which supports the idea of a locally occurring inflammatory process in RA patients.
On the quorum requirement and value selection rule for Fast Paxos (2014)

Fault tolerance is a crucial requirement for big data and cloud computing because it helps remove single point of failures. The Paxos algorithm has been employed in a number of real-world fault tolerant systems. Fast Paxos is one of the latest algorithms in the Paxos family of algorithms for distributed consensus. In Fast Paxos, an acceptor is allowed to cast a vote for a value of its own choice unilaterally in a fast round, which eliminates a communication step for reaching consensus. As a tradeoff, a bigger quorum than simple majority must be used and a value selection rule is employed to select the right value for agreement to overcome collisions. The derivation of quorum requirements and value selection rule in the original article on Fast Paxos by Lamport, while very rigorous, may be hard to follow and difficult to implement. In this paper, we present a more intuitive approach to deriving the quorum requirements and easy-to-implement value selection rule for Fast Paxos.
Increasing μDMFC efficiency by passive CO<sub>2</sub>bubble removal and discontinuous operation (2006)

A new concept that enables fully passive CO2 gas bubble removal in micro direct methanol fuel cells (mu DMFCs) is presented. The original concept behind the presented degassing structure (flowfield) is based on microchannels with a T-shaped cross section. These channels have defined tapering angles over their cross section (alpha) and along their axis (beta). The tapered channel design creates an intrinsic transport mechanism that removes the gas bubbles from the electrodes by capillary forces only. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations have been used to determine applicable opening angles of alpha = 5 degrees and beta = 1.5 degrees. The experimental verification was done by using a transparent flowfield to show the passive bubble removal as well as with a fully operational mu DMFC. During the operation, the fuel cell delivered an output of up to 8 mW cm(-2) without the need for external pumping in short-term measurements. During the long-term measurements, discontinuous pumping showed the highest fuel cell efficiency compared to the continuously pumped fuel supply.