gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic speech recognition with a cochlear implant front-end (2007)

Today, cochlear implants (CIs) are the treatment of choice in patients with profound hearing loss. However speech intelligibility with these devices is still limited. A factor that determines hearing performance is the processing method used in CIs. Therefore, research is focused on designing different speech processing methods. The evaluation of these strategies is subject to variability as it is usually performed with cochlear implant recipients. Hence, an objective method for the evaluation would give more robustness compared to the tests performed with CI patients. This paper proposes a method to evaluate signal processing strategies for CIs based on a hidden markov model speech recognizer. Two signal processing strategies for CIs, the Advanced Combinational Encoder (ACE) and the Psychoacoustic Advanced Combinational Encoder (PACE), have been compared in a phoneme recognition task. Results show that PACE obtained higher recognition scores than ACE as found with CI recipients.
A generic pick-up horn for high power thermal vacuum test of X, Ku, and Ka band satellite payloads (2008)

This paper presents development results of a generic pick-up horn (GPUH) for high power thermal vacuum (TVAC) test of satellite communications payloads. The GPUH is an improved method than the PUH that was presented earlier [1]. It has much wider bandwidth of more than three octaves covering X-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band, can handle more power than the PUH, has better return loss, and is insensitive to polarization. Design and measured results of the GPUH are given here and are also discussed in an earlier publication [2].
Nested input-constrained codes (2000)

An input-constrained channel, or simply a constraint, is a set S of words that is generated by a finite labeled directed graph. An encoder for S maps, in a lossless manner, sequences of unconstrained input blocks into sequences of channel blocks, the latter sequences being words of S. In most applications, the encoders are finite-state machines and, thus, presented by state diagrams. In the special case where the state diagram of the encoder is (output) deterministic, only the current encoder state and the current channel block are needed for the decoding of the current input block. In this work, the problem of designing coding schemes that can serve two constraints simultaneously is considered. Specifically, given two constraints S/sub 1/ and S/sub 2/ such that S/sub 1//spl sube/S/sub 2/ and two described rates, conditions are provided for the existence of respective deterministic finite-state encoders /spl epsi//sub 1/ and /spl epsi//sub 2/, at the given rates, such that (the state diagram of) /spl epsi//sub 1/ is a subgraph of /spl epsi//sub 2/ Such encoders are referred to as nested encoders. The provided conditions are also constructive in that they imply an algorithm for finding such encoders when they exist. The nesting structure allows to decode /spl epsi//sub 1/ while using the decoder of /spl epsi//sub 2/. Developments in optical recording suggest a potential application that can take a significant advantage of nested encoders.
Cellular Splicing Factor RAF-2p48/NPI-5/BAT1/UAP56 Interacts with the Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein and Enhances Viral RNA Synthesis (2001)

Previous biochemical data identified a host cell fraction, designated RAF-2, which stimulated influenza virus RNA synthesis. A 48-kDa polypeptide (RAF-2p48), a cellular splicing factor belonging to the DEAD-box family of RNA-dependent ATPases previously designated BAT1 (also UAP56), has now been identified as essential for RAF-2 stimulatory activity. Additionally, RAF-2p48 was independently identified as an influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP)-interacting protein, NPI-5, in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a mammalian cDNA library. In vitro, RAF-2p48 interacted with free NP but not with NP bound to RNA, and the RAF-2p48-NP complex was dissociated following addition of free RNA. Furthermore, RAF-2p48 facilitated formation of the NP-RNA complexes that likely serve as templates for the viral RNA polymerase. RAF-2p48 was shown, in both in vitro binding assays and the yeast two-hybrid system, to bind to the amino-terminal region of NP, a domain essential for RNA binding. Together, these observations suggest that RAF-2p48 facilitates NP-RNA interaction, thus leading to enhanced influenza virus RNA synthesis.
Annonaceous Acetogenins: A Review (1990)

The Annonaceous acetogenins are a series of apparently polyketide-derived fatty acid derivatives that possess tetrahydrofuran rings and a methylated gamma-lactone (sometimes rearranged to a methyl ketolactone) with various hydroxyl, acetoxyl, and/or ketoxyl groups along the hydrocarbon chain. They exhibit a broad range of potent biological activities (cytotoxicity, antitumor, antimalarial, antimicrobial, immunosuppressant, antifeedant, and pesticidal). The sources, isolation, chemistry, biogenesis, and biological actions of these compounds, published to date, are tabulated and discussed. Strategies for structural elucidation are reviewed, and structural revisions and refinements are suggested for some of the previously published compounds.
The efficacy of a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect engineered human skin from tissue and DNA damage induced by solar ultraviolet exposure. (2000)

Sunscreens are known to protect against sunlight-induced erythema and sunburn, but their efficiency at protecting against skin cancer is still a matter of debate. Specifically, the capacity of sunscreens to prevent or reduce tissue and DNA damage has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study was undertaken to assess the ability of a chemical broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect human skin against tissue and DNA damage after solar UV radiation. Engineered human skin was generated and either treated or not with a broad-spectrum SPF 30 sunscreen and exposed to increasing doses of simulated sunlight (SSL). Immediately after irradiation, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular quantitative analyses were performed. The unprotected irradiated engineered human skin showed significant epidermal disorganization accompanied by a complete absence of laminin deposition. The sunscreen prevented SSL-induced epidermal damage at low doses and allowed laminin deposition at almost all SSL doses tested. The frequencies of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts, and photooxidative lesions measured by alkaline gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoassay were significantly reduced by the sunscreen. Thus, tissue and DNA damage may provide excellent quantitative end points for assessing the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreens.
Delamination of Layered Zeolite Precursors under Mild Conditions: Synthesis of UCB-1 via Fluoride/Chloride Anion-Promoted Exfoliation (2011)

New material UCB-1 is synthesized via the delamination of zeolite precursor MCM-22 (P) at pH 9 using an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and tetrabutylammonium chloride at 353 K. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen physisorption at 77 K indicates the same degree of delamination in UCB-1 as previously reported for delaminated zeolite precursors, which require a pH of greater than 13.5 and sonication in order to achieve exfoliation. UCB-1 consists of a high degree of structural integrity via (29)Si MAS NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and no detectable formation of amorphous silica phase via transmission electron microscopy. Porosimetry measurements demonstrate a lack of hysteresis in the N(2) adsorption/desorption isotherms and macroporosity in UCB-1. The new method is generalizable to a variety of Si:Al ratios and leads to delaminated zeolite precursor materials lacking amorphization.
Graphical Analysis of Laminated Sand-Shale Formations in the Presence of Anisotropic Shales (2008)

Laminated sand-shale models with anisotropic shales have been discussed extensively. The interpretation methods are written in elaborate mathematical equations. However, there has not been a clear procedure to determine key parameters such as shale anisotropy, to guide the choice of multiple solutions, and more important, to recognize the circumstances in which a solution is robust or sensitive to errors. This paper explains the analytical solutions through interactive crossplots. We believe a graphical crossplot gives better insights into petrophysics than a set of equations, while interactivity allows instant visualization of the solutions, thereby helping the petrophysicist in the most effective way. The objectives of the graphical analysis are 1) to determine the shale anisotropy parameters and whether it is necessary to create multiple zones, 2) to define the crossplot region boundaries where each analytical solution is applicable, 3) to illustrate the effect of data outliers on the results, and 4) to quickly perform sensitivity tests. Pay region and non-pay region are subsequently defined in the crossplot, which allows a visual assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of the thin-bed sections from the crossplot. Examples are shown in which the shale anisotropy is the same or greater than the anisotropy of the thin-bedded sections, where initially analysis of such sections seems hopeless. Another example shows the need to define multiple anisotropic shales where the challenge is to determine the number of shale points and their respective anisotropy. A further example shows no 100% shale point to pick parameters directly. The graphical method allows successful interpretation of the resistivity anisotropy data under these difficult conditions. The results are corroborated with imaging logs, nuclear magnetic resonance results and core data. It is also found that the graphical analysis is a valuable tool to quality control (QC) the resistivity anisotropy data.
Antigenic Structure of Outer Membrane Protein E of <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> and Construction and Characterization of Mutants (2000)

Outer membrane protein E (OMP E) is a 50-kDa protein of Moraxella catarrhalis which possesses several characteristics indicating that the protein will be an effective vaccine antigen. To study the antigenic structure of OMP E, eight monoclonal antibodies were developed and characterized. Three of the antibodies recognized epitopes which are present on the bacterial surface. Fusion peptides corresponding to overlapping regions of OMP E were constructed, and immunoblot assays were performed to localize the areas of the molecule bound by the monoclonal antibodies. These studies identified a surface-exposed epitope in the region of amino acids 80 through 180. To further study the protein, two mutants which lack OMP E were constructed. In bactericidal assays, the mutants were more readily killed by normal human serum compared to the isogenic parent strains. These results indicate that OMP E is involved in the expression of serum resistance of M. catarrhalis.
Progress in Silicon Carbide Power Devices (2006)

SiC materials and device technology has entered a new era with the commercialization and acceptance of 600 V/10 A and 1200 V/10 A Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) in the marketplace. These diodes are finding applications in the Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage of Switch Mode Power Supplies (SMPS). SiC power MOSFETs with ratings of 800-1200 V up to 10 A will soon be commercially available. The next step is to integrate the SiC MOSFET and Schottky diodes in a power module for PFC and motor control applications. For high temperature applications, greater than 200°C, a bipolar switch such as a SiC BJT offers superior performance over the MOSFETs. The lack of gate oxide in the BJT offers better reliability at such extreme temperatures, in addition to the lowest combined switching and conduction losses.
CMOS Imager Has Better Cross-Talk and Full-Well Performance (2011)

A complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) image detector now undergoing development is designed to exhibit less cross-talk and greater full-well capacity than do prior CMOS image detectors of the same type. Imagers of the type in question are designed to operate from low-voltage power supplies and are fabricated by processes that yield device features having dimensions in the deep submicron range. Because of the use of low supply potentials, maximum internal electric fields and depletion widths are correspondingly limited. In turn, these limitations are responsible for increases in cross-talk and decreases in charge-handling capacities. Moreover, for small pixels, lateral depletion cannot be extended. These adverse effects are even more accentuated in a back-illuminated CMOS imager, in which photogenerated charge carriers must travel across the entire thickness of the device. The figure shows a partial cross section of the structure in the device layer of the present developmental CMOS imager. (In a practical imager, the device layer would sit atop either a heavily doped silicon substrate or a thin silicon oxide layer on a silicon substrate, not shown here.) The imager chip is divided into two areas: area C, which contains readout circuits and other electronic circuits; and area I, which contains the imaging (photodetector and photogenerated-charge-collecting) pixel structures. Areas C and I are electrically isolated from each other by means of a trench filled with silicon oxide. The electrical isolation between areas C and I makes it possible to apply different supply potentials to these areas, thereby enabling optimization of the supply potential and associated design features for each area. More specifically, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) that are typically included in CMOS imagers now reside in area C and can remain unchanged from established designs and operated at supply potentials prescribed for those designs, while the dopings and the lower supply potentials in area I can be tailored to optimize imager performance. In area I, the device layer includes an n+ -doped silicon layer on which is grown an n-doped silicon layer. A p-doped silicon layer is grown on top of the n -doped layer. The total imaging device thickness is the sum of the thickness of the n+, n, and p layers. A pixel photodiode is formed between a surface n+ implant, a p implant underneath it, the aforementioned p layer, and the n and n+ layers. Adjacent to the diode is a gate for transferring photogenerated charges out of the photodiode and into a floating diffusion formed by an implanted p+ layer on an implanted n-doped region. Metal contact pads are added to the back-side for providing back-side bias.
Longitudinal changes in free-water within the substantia nigra of Parkinson’s disease (2015)

There is a clear need to develop non-invasive markers of substantia nigra progression in Parkinson's disease. We previously found elevated free-water levels in the substantia nigra for patients with Parkinson's disease compared with controls in single-site and multi-site cohorts. Here, we test the hypotheses that free-water levels in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease increase following 1 year of progression, and that baseline free-water levels in the substantia nigra predict the change in bradykinesia following 1 year. We conducted a longitudinal study in controls (n = 19) and patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 25). Diffusion imaging and clinical data were collected at baseline and after 1 year. Free-water analyses were performed on diffusion imaging data using blinded, hand-drawn regions of interest in the posterior substantia nigra. A group effect indicated free-water values were increased in the posterior substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease compared with controls (P = 0.003) and we observed a significant group × time interaction (P < 0.05). Free-water values increased for the Parkinson's disease group after 1 year (P = 0.006), whereas control free-water values did not change. Baseline free-water values predicted the 1 year change in bradykinesia scores (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) and 1 year change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (r = -0.44, P = 0.03). Free-water in the posterior substantia nigra is elevated in Parkinson's disease, increases with progression of Parkinson's disease, and predicts subsequent changes in bradykinesia and cognitive status over 1 year. These findings demonstrate that free-water provides a potential non-invasive progression marker of the substantia nigra.
Abstract 2958: A cancer-specific monoclonal antibody against podocalyxin developed by CasMab technology inhibited the tumor growth by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (2016)

Abstract Background: Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a CD34-related sialomucin and a well-known marker of embryonic stem cells. PODXL is expressed in many cancers including brain tumors, breast cancers, and colorectal cancers. Overexpression of PODXL is an independent predictor of progression, metastasis, and poor outcome. In contrast, PODXL is highly expressed in normal cells such as vascular endothelial cells (VECs) or renal podocytes. Although many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PODXL have been established, they bind to both cancer and normal cells. We recently established CasMab technology for developing cancer-specific mAbs, which could target only cancer cells, although those membranous proteins are highly expressed in both cancer and normal cells. Methods: We immunized mice with human PODXL, which was overexpressed in a glioblastoma cell line. Cancer-specific mAbs were screened using flow cytometry against PODXL-expressing cancer and normal cells. The cancer specificity was confirmed using immunohistochemistry against breast cancer tissues. A mouse-human chimeric anti-PODXL mAb was produced and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was investigated in vitro. The in vivo efficacy of anti-PODXL mAbs was evaluated using xenograft models of PODXL-expressing cell lines. Results: One clone of anti-PODXL mAbs, which was established by CasMab technology, reacted with PODXL-expressing many cancer cell lines including breast cancers, brain tumors, and malignant mesotheliomas, whereas it did not bind to VECs in flow cytometry. The anti-PODXL mAb reacted only with PODXL-expressing cancer cells, not with VECs in breast cancer tissues in immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the anti-PODXL mAb possesses ADCC activity in vitro and anti-tumor effect in vivo. Conclusion: The anti-PODXL mAb established by CasMab technology could be useful for targeting PODXL in cancer, although PODXL is highly expressed in many normal cells. Citation Format: Yukinari Kato, Satoshi Ogasawara, Akiko Kunita, Yuki Fujii, Mika K. Kaneko. A cancer-specific monoclonal antibody against podocalyxin developed by CasMab technology inhibited the tumor growth by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2958.
Hepatocytes and Endothelial Networks in a Fluid-Based <i>In Vitro</i> Model of Liver Drug Metabolism (2020)

Drug-induced liver toxicity remains a major cause of drug withdrawal from animal testing and human clinical trials. A functional liver culture model corresponding to the liver is urgently required; however, in previous liver models, it has proven difficult to stably maintain multiple liver functions. Previously reported fluid-based systems have some advantages for hepatocyte culture, but have insufficient liver-specific functions because they simply involve moving conventional hepatocyte cultures from a dish into a fluid-based system. Importantly, these cultures have no liver tissue-specific structures that construct liver-specific cellular polarities, such as apical, basolateral, and basal faces. In this study, we developed a fluid-based system for our liver tissue culture models. The liver tissues that were constructed in our originally designed fluid-based systems represent a tissue culture model for studying hepatic functions. Together, our findings show that by mimicking the structure of the liver in the body, our system effectively maintains multiple liver-specific functions. Impact statement A functional liver culture model corresponding to the liver is urgently required; however, in previous liver models, it has proven difficult to stably maintain multiple liver functions. In this study, we developed a fluid-based system for our liver tissue culture models. The liver tissues that were constructed in our originally designed fluid-based systems represent a tissue culture model for studying hepatic functions. Together, our findings show that by mimicking the structure of the liver in the body, our system effectively maintains multiple liver-specific functions.
Comparison of GFAP and UCH-L1 Measurements from Two Prototype Assays: The Abbott i-STAT and ARCHITECT Assays (2021)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) may aid in the evaluation of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this analysis was to compare GFAP and UCH-L1 values measured using a handheld device compared with a core laboratory platform. We analyzed plasma samples from patients with TBI and healthy controls enrolled in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) cohort study. GFAP and UCH-L1 were measured twice in each subject using prototype assays, first with the Abbott i-STAT™ handheld device, and second with the Abbott ARCHITECT<sup>®</sup> platform. We then quantified the agreement in biomarker values obtained using these two methods. GFAP and UCH-L1 were measured twice in 570 and 572 samples, respectively. GFAP values measured by the ARCHITECT platform (median 143.3 [interquartile range (IQR): 19.8-925.8] pg/mL) were higher than values measured by the i-STAT (median 116.0 [IQR: 9.2-856.5] pg/mL). GFAP values from the two platforms were strongly correlated (<i>p</i> = 0.985). Similarly, UCH-L1 values measured by the ARCHITECT platform (median 163.9 [IQR: 82.5-412.4] pg/mL) were higher than values measured by the i-STAT (median 122.5 [IQR: 63.0-297.3] pg/mL). UCH-L1 values from the two platforms were strongly correlated (<i>p</i> = 0.933). Passing-Bablok regression equations were developed to estimate the relationship between the two platforms, specifically to predict i-STAT values from the ARCHITECT platform. GFAP and UCH-L1 values measured using the prototype assays on the Abbott i-STAT and ARCHITECT platforms are strongly correlated and values from either platform may be converted to the other.
Design of new super-high birefringent isothiocyanato bistolanes – synthesis and properties (2017)

We report the synthesis of new laterally ethyl-substituted high birefringent phenylethynyltolane liquid crystals with alkylsulphanyl chain and isothiocyanate terminal group. The thermal and optical properties such as birefringence are measured and discussed based on their molecular structures. The compounds exhibit birefringence (Δn) in the range of 0.63–0.75 and are expected to be excellent components of high birefringent nematic mixtures for various applications.