gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Providing Accurate ESP Flow Rate Measurement in the Absence of a Test Separator (2016)

Abstract Where well rates are outside the range of the test separator, operators usually have no choice but to estimate well production using back allocation techniques, which rarely capture the variance in flow rate over time. This was the case of a well in the Thistle field in the UK sector of the North Sea, where high-frequency flow rate was accurately calculated using ESP real-time data, which was instrumental in measuring inflow properties. The liquid flow-rate calculation was based on the principle that the power absorbed by the pump is equal to that generated by the motor, which provides a linear equation that can be resolved for rate. Water cut (WC) was calculated by measuring the production tubing differential pressure (DP), which provides the average fluid density, which is subsequently converted to a WC. Analytical equations are used throughout the process, ensuring that the physics are respected at all times. This yields greater repeatability and confidence than analogous methods, which are based on correlations and artificial intelligence. The calculations provided continuous liquid flow-rate and WC trends over the 6-month life of the ESP with a frequency of one calculation per minute with excellent repeatability and resolution. This enabled us to calculate inflow properties such as productivity index (PI) and skin, as well as history matching a reservoir simulation of the drainage area. This was essential to explaining why production dropped from 1500 to 500 B/D over a period of 8 months, which was found to be a lack of pressure support. The fall in production also caused production instability because of severe slugging, which could be remediated by concurrently increasing the tubing head pressure and ESP frequency without changing the drawdown. In addition to demonstrating the superiority of an analytical virtual flowmeter over correlations or artificial intelligence, the method also shows how the model can be calibrated accurately using an alternative pump reference curve, which is independent of flow rate, as opposed to traditional centrifugal pump curves. Flow-rate independence was indispensable because of the inability to physically measure rates with the existing test separator and was key to delivering accurate results.
VLSI Reed-Solomon Encoder With Interleaver (1990)

Size, weight, and susceptibility to burst errors reduced. Encoding system built on single very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit chip produces (255,223) Reed-Solomon (RS) code with programmable interleaving up to depth of 5. (225,223) RS encoder includes new remainder-and-interleaver unit providing programmable interleaving of code words. Remainder-and-interleaver unit contains shift registers and modulo-2 adders. Signals on turn and no-turn lines control depth of interleaving. Based on E. R. Berlekamp's bit-serial multiplication algorithm for (225,223) RS encoder over Galois Field (2 to the 8th power).
Reducing the human overhead in text categorization (2006)

Many applications in text processing require significant human effort for either labeling large document collections (when learning statistical models) or extrapolating rules from them (when using knowledge engineering). In this work, we describe away to reduce this effort, while retaining the methods' accuracy, by constructing a hybrid classifier that utilizes human reasoning over automatically discovered text patterns to complement machine learning. Using a standard sentiment-classification dataset and real customer feedback data, we demonstrate that the resulting technique results in significant reduction of the human effort required to obtain a given classification accuracy. Moreover, the hybrid text classifier also results in a significant boost in accuracy over machine-learning based classifiers when a comparable amount of labeled data is used.
Separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides in an acetate buffer solution using Cyanex 301 (2006)

Summary The separation of trivalent actinides from the lanthanides using the active extractant in the Cyanex 301 reagent, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid, was studied. Specifically, the extractant was studied with an ammonium acetate/acetic acid buffered feed that would result from a transuranic separation process utilizing an ammonium acetate strip solution. Separation factors of 241 Am from 154 Eu with this extractant, as a function of total acetate concentration and pH, have been measured. Additionally, the extraction behavior of stable La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu was measured. Separation factors were typically very high for Am from Eu at a pH ranging from 3.8 to 5.8 and a total acetate concentration ranging from 0.2 M to 1.0 M. However, separation factors across the lanthanide series varied considerably and resulted in separation of the lighter lanthanides from the heavier lanthanides at the higher pH′s.
A Simple, Effective Boron‐Halide Ethoxylation Catalyst (2010)

Abstract Boron esters B(OR) 3 , readily derived from boric acid and alcohols, combine with iodide or bromide to catalyze the ethoxylation of alcohols and phenols, giving good rates and narrow product distributions. The combined action of a weak electrophile [B(OR) 3 ] and a weak nucleophile (halide) allows for the ethoxylation of base‐sensitive alcohols. Experiment suggests a new mechanism for this commercially important reaction proceeding through key β‐haloalkoxy intermediates.
High-throughput binding characterization of RNA aptamer selections using a microplate-based multiplex microcolumn device (2014)

We describe a versatile 96-well microplate-based device that utilizes affinity microcolumn chromatography to complement downstream plate-based processing in aptamer selections. This device is reconfigurable and is able to operate in serial and/or parallel mode with up to 96 microcolumns. We demonstrate the utility of this device by simultaneously performing characterizations of target binding using five RNA aptamers and a random library. This was accomplished through 96 total selection tests. Three sets of selections tested the effects of target concentration on aptamer binding compared to the random RNA library using aptamers to the proteins green fluorescent protein (GFP), human heat shock factor 1 (hHSF1), and negative elongation factor E (NELF-E). For all three targets, we found significant effects consistent with steric hindrance with optimum enrichments at predictable target concentrations. In a fourth selection set, we tested the partitioning efficiency and binding specificity of our three proteins' aptamers, as well as two suspected background binding sequences, to eight targets running serially. The targets included an empty microcolumn, three affinity resins, three specific proteins, and a non-specific protein control. The aptamers showed significant enrichments only on their intended targets. Specifically, the hHSF1 and NELF-E aptamers enriched over 200-fold on their protein targets, and the GFP aptamer enriched 750-fold. By utilizing our device's plate-based format with other complementary plate-based systems for all downstream biochemical processes and analysis, high-throughput selections, characterizations, and optimization were performed to significantly reduce the time and cost for completing large-scale aptamer selections.
Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps* (2009)

Color rendition vectors of 1269 spectrophotometrically characterized test samples of the Munsell palette were analyzed for common solid-state and fluorescent lamps with respect to reference illuminants. The vectors were individually normalized to the size of color discrimination shapes obtained from the known data of just perceived differences of chromaticity and luminance. Based on the analysis performed, we categorized the rendered colors into three groups—colors rendered with high fidelity, colors rendered with increased saturation, and those rendered with distorted hue—and introduced three corresponding indexes to assess the color quality of light sources. In combination with the correlated color temperature, these indexes, which represent important color quality characteristics of white light, constitute a simple 4-D metric for an advanced rating of illumination-grade lamps.
Sensitivity of Multichannel Room Equalization to Listener Position (2003)

Traditionally, room response equalization is performed to improve sound quality at a given listener in applications ranging from automobile, home-theater, movie theater, multimedia education in classrooms. However, room responses vary with source and listener positions. Hence, in a multiple listener environment, equalization may be performed through spatial averaging of magnitude responses at locations of interest (e.g., in movie theater equalization). However, the performance of averaging based equalization, at the listeners, may be affected when listener positions change, or due to mismatch between microphone and listener positions (i.e., displacement effects). In this paper, we present a statistical approach to map displacement effects to a magnitude response averaging equalization performance metric. The results indicate that, for the analyzed listener configurations, the zone of equalization depends on, (i) distance of microphones/listeners from a source, (ii) the listener arrangement, and (iii) the source signal spectral composition.
Characterization of Folded Recombinant Der p 5, a Potential Diagnostic Marker Allergen for House Dust Mite Allergy (2008)

The described rDer p 5 molecule may be useful for diagnosis and immunotherapy of house dust mite-allergic patients.
Effect of modulation statistics on Raman crosstalk in WDM systems (1995)

Stimulated Raman scattering crosstalk in intensity-modulated WDM systems is analyzed, including modulation statistics. The actual penalty is found to be lower than that expected from a worst-case analysis. For a large number of channels, the depletion due to stimulated Raman scattering becomes half of the value found with a worst-case analysis and assumes a deterministic behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vivo–directed evolution of adeno-associated virus in the primate retina (2020)

Efficient adeno-associated virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) gene delivery remains a significant obstacle to effective retinal gene therapies. Here, we apply directed evolution - guided by deep sequencing and followed by direct in vivo secondary selection of high-performing vectors with a GFP-barcoded library - to create AAV viral capsids with the capability to deliver genes to the outer retina in primates. A replication-incompetent library, produced via providing rep in trans, was created to mitigate risk of AAV propagation. Six rounds of in vivo selection with this library in primates - involving intravitreal library administration, recovery of genomes from outer retina, and extensive next-generation sequencing of each round - resulted in vectors with redirected tropism to the outer retina and increased gene delivery efficiency to retinal cells. These viral vectors expand the toolbox of vectors available for primate retina, and they may enable less invasive delivery of therapeutic genes to patients, potentially offering retina-wide infection at a similar dosage to vectors currently in clinical use.
Multi-Functional Surgical Robot for Laparo-Endoscopic Single-Site Colectomies (2011)

This paper presents work to develop a miniature in vivo robot for Laparo-Endoscopic Single-Site (LESS) colectomy. Colon resections are generally not done laparoscopically and would benefit from a robotic platform that reduces the limitations that are currently encountered. This paper looks at the workspace, forces, and speeds of a recently developed miniature in vivo surgical robot platform and analyzes the ability to perform a colon resection based on these criteria. The robotic platform used in this study consists of a two armed robotic prototype and a remote surgeon interface. For the surgical procedure, each arm of the robot is inserted individually into a single five centimeter incision and then assembled within the abdominal cavity. A surgeon then utilizes a user interface that is remotely located within the operating room. The current robotic platform has recently been demonstrated successfully in an in vivo procedure.
Characterization of Zone Plates for lithography and Imaging (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Menon, D. Gil, D. J. D. Carter, X. Tang, and H. I. Smith, "Characterization of Zone Plates for lithography and Imaging," in Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics, R. Magnusson, ed., Vol. 75 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2002), paper DWA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Tone Analyzer for Online Customer Service (2017)

Emotion analysis of online customer service conservation is important for good user experience and customer satisfaction. However, conventional metrics do not fit this application scenario. In this work, by collecting and labeling online conversations of customer service on Twitter, we identify 8 new metrics, named as tones, to describe emotional information. To better interpret each tone, we extend the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to Tone LDA (T-LDA). In T-LDA, each latent topic is explicitly associated with one of three semantic categories, i.e., tone-related, domain-specific and auxiliary. By integrating tone label into learning, T-LDA can interfere the original unsupervised training process and thus is able to identify representative tone-related words. In evaluation, T-LDA shows better performance than baselines in predicting tone intensity. Also, a case study is conducted to analyze each tone via T-LDA output.
Molecular mechanisms underlying carotenogenesis in the chromoplast: multilevel regulation of carotenoid‐associated genes (1999)

In nature, carotenoid function and mode of action are highly determined by the neighboring protein and lipid molecules. Therefore an understanding of the proteins' involvement in carotenoid sequestration would be of great help in elucidating carotenoid function in vivo. Based on a study of the expression of chromoplast-specific carotenoid-associated genes from cucumber corolla (CHRC and CHRD), a working model is presented wherein two major regulatory factors control carotenoid sequestration within the chromoplasts: (i) floral tissue-specific transcriptional regulators of chromoplasto- genesis; and (ii) post-transcriptional regulators related to the amount/type of sequestered carotenoids. This model is supported by the major role transcriptional regulation was found to play in the temporal and spatial expression of the CHRC gene, and by the fact that phytohormones such as gibberellic acid (GA3), abscisic acid and ethylene also acted as transcriptional regulators of CHRC expression. The primary response to GA3 was localized within the CHRC promoter to a 290 bp fragment. Furthermore, we demonstrated strong down-regulation of CHRC expression at post-transcriptional and translational/post-translational levels resulting from inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis, thus revealing a close link between carotenoid biosynthetic and sequestration machineries.
<title>Toward eyeglasses-based electronic displays</title> (1997)

The development of a head mounted display concealed within eyeglasses has been a long term objective of many head mounted display (HMD) development efforts. This paper will review design concepts from the literature, with a view toward assessing the practical merits of the various approaches. The factors of importance in miniaturizing a HMD will be summarized. Finally, we will briefly summarize some new approaches including the use of alternative display technology that may lead to a display system hidden within eyeglasses frames.
Secondary Surveillance Radar: Sparsity-based sources separation in a real environment (2008)

Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) based on multilateration principle and omni-directional antennae are operational today [1], [2]. We proposed several new algorithms to separate a mixture of overlapping SSR replies on a M-elements antenna in previous works [3], [4], [5], [6], other solutions were also proposed in the literature [7], [8], [9]. Unfortunately, a rare event, but important, has not yet been resolved: the impinging of more sources than sensors with an approximate similar time of arrival. This preliminary work studies the use of the SSR sources sparsity property, as in [10], [11], [12]. Real recorded signals in a live environment will be used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
Computationally Efficient Mismatched Filters Based on Sidelobe Inversion (2007)

A computationally efficient mismatched filter comprised of a matched filter in cascade with a multi-stage filter based on v is proposed. For this approach to work, the autocorrelation of the given code has to satisfy certain conditions that are derived in this work. If in addition, the sidelobes are sparse and of small integer values, such as in Barker codes and Huffman sequences, then the proposed filters are shown to be computationally very efficient. When implemented in VLSI, they require significantly smaller chip area and less power compared to the length-optimal filters achieving comparable sidelobe suppression.
Infrared differential interference contrast microscopy for overlay metrology on 3D-interconnect bonded wafers (2013)

Overlay metrology for stacked layers will be playing a key role in bringing 3D IC devices into manufacturing. However, such bonded wafer pairs present a metrology challenge for optical microscopy tools by the opaque nature of silicon. Using infrared microscopy, silicon wafers become transparent to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, enabling metrology at the interface of bonded wafer pairs. Wafers can be bonded face to face (F2F) or face to back (F2B) which the stacking direction is dictated by how the stacks are carried in the process and functionality required. For example, Memory stacks tend to use F2B stacking enables a better managed design. Current commercial tools use single image technique for F2F bonding overlay measurement because depth of focus is sufficient to include both surfaces; and use multiple image techniques for F2B overlay measurement application for the depth of focus is no longer sufficient to include both stacked wafer surfaces. There is a need to specify the Z coordinate or stacking wafer number through the silicon when visiting measurement wafer sites. Two shown images are of the same (X, Y) but separate Z location acquired at focus position of each wafer surface containing overlay marks. Usually the top surface image is bright and clear; however, the bottom surface image is somewhat darker and noisier as an adhesive layer is used in between to bond the silicon wafers. Thus the top and bottom surface images are further processed to achieve similar brightness and noise level before merged for overlay measurement. This paper presents a special overlay measurement technique, using the infrared differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy technique to measure the F2B wafer bonding overlay by a single shot image. A pair of thinned wafers at 50 and 150 μm thickness is bonded on top of a carrier wafer to evaluate the bonding overlay. It works on the principle of interferometry to gain information about the optical path length of the stacked wafers, to enhance the image contrast of overlay marks features even though they are locating in different Z plane. A two dimensional mirror-symmetric overlay marks for both top and bottom processing wafers is designed and printed in each die in order to know and realize the best achievable wafer to wafer bonding processing. A self-developed analysis algorithms is used to identify the overlay error between the stacking wafers and the interconnect structures. The experimental overlay results after wafer bonding including inter-die and intra-die analysis results will be report in the full paper. Correlation of overlay alignment offset data to electrical yield, provides an early indication of bonded wafer yield.
Red (639-661nm) InAlGaAs Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser Diodes† (1993)

The first electrically injected visible InAlGaP/AlGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are reported. The structures consist of an InAlGaP optical cavity active region surrounded by AlAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. Pulsed room temperature lasing is achieved from 639 to 661 nm with test devices fabricated on unrotated wafers. Beam divergence is 6.5° (full angle) and device on-resistance is less than 15 Ω. At 650 nm, a current threshold of 30 mA at 2.7 V is measured with peak output power exceeding 3.3 mW for devices with a 20 μm emitting diameter.
Progress In Phosphate-Selective Electrode Development (1989)

Abstract The responses of polymer membrane electrodes containing dibenzyltin dichloride derivatives to phosphate and chloride are given. When compared with electrodes containing a conventional anion-exchanger electroactive species, the organotin- based electrodes clearly exhibit superior selectivity for dibasic phosphate relative to chloride.
Designing Piping Systems Against Acoustically Induced Structural Fatigue (1997)

Piping systems adapted for handling fluids such as steam and various process and hydrocarbon gases through a pressure-reducing device at high pressure and velocity conditions can produce severe acoustic vibration and metal fatigue in the system. It has been determined that such vibrations and fatigue are minimized by relating the acoustic power level (PWL) to being a function of the ratio of downstream pipe inside diameter D2 to its thickness t2. Additionally, such vibration and fatigue can be further minimized by relating the fluid pressure drop and downstream Mach number to a function of the ratio of downstream piping inside diameter to the pipe wall thickness, as expressed by M2 Δp = f(D2/t2). Pressure-reducing piping systems designed according to these criteria exhibit minimal vibrations and metal fatigue failures and have long operating life.
A Three Degree-of-Freedom Model for Self-Retracting Fully Compliant Bistable Micromechanisms (2005)

A three degree-of-freedom (3DOF) pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) has been developed and used in the design of a new class of self-retracting fully compliant bistable micromechanism (SRFBM). The SRFBM provides small-displacement linear travel bistability and is suitable for low-power microswitching applications. The design process involved a combination of single and multiple degree-of-freedom PRBM and finite element models to quickly proceed from a concept rigid-body mechanism to fully compliant fabrication-ready geometry. The 3DOF model presented here was developed to more accurately model the behavior of the tensural pivots—a new class of compliant segment used to avoid combined compressive loading of flexible segments. Four SRFBM designs were fabricated and tested for bistability, on-chip actuation, critical force, and fatigue tests. These tests validate the models used in the design process and demonstrate the functionality and reliability of the SRFBM.
A preprocessing method for pitch smoothing and voicing-level improvement (2003)

In low bit rate speech coders, pitch is usually transmitted once per frame and, when needed, the intermediate pitch values are obtained by interpolation between two adjacent pitch values. Although pitch usually evolves slowly, sometimes it has nonlinear variation and the estimated pitch differs from the real one. This affects the synthesised speech quality. We propose to use a preprocessor, which modifies the residual speech signal such that the pitch period evolves more smoothly without distorting perceptual speech quality. Thus, the pitch and the voicing level can be determined correctly.