gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOVEL POTENTIATORS OF β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS (1985)

Two novel compounds, SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 are produced by Chromobacterium violaceum. These compounds enhance the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against Gram-negative organisms. Both SQ28,504 and SQ28,546 induce morphological changes in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. Only SQ28,546 has weak antimicrobial activity against several Gram-negative organisms.
Development of a cytolethal distending toxin (<i>cdt</i>) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the detection and identification of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>,<i>Campylobacter coli</i>and<i>Campylobacter fetus</i> (2008)

A cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR assay for the detection of cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli or Campylobacter fetus, respectively, was developed and evaluated with 76 Campylobacter strains belonging to seven different species and 131 other bacterial strains of eight different genera. The cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene of C. jejuni, C. coli or C. fetus, respectively, could be successfully amplified using the corresponding set of primers in a highly species-specific manner. Furthermore, the specific primer set for the cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene of a particular species could amplify the desired gene from a mixture of DNA templates of any of two or all three species. The detection limit of C. jejuni, C. coli or C. fetus was 10-100 CFU tube(-1) by the multiplex PCR assay on the basis of the presence of the cdtA, cdtB or cdtC gene. These data indicate that the cdt gene-based multiplex PCR assay may be useful for rapid and accurate detection as well as identification of Campylobacter strains in a species-specific manner.
An Axiomatic Design Approach for a Motorcycle Steering Damper (2015)

The main function of a motorcycle steering damper is to stop the steering oscillations that could be generated during the vehicle motion around the steering axis, a typical motorcycle instability known as wobble or shimmy. However, in normal conditions, the damping function of the device on the steering can be harmful, causing rider's wearying and thus decreasing his comfort and safety. Moreover, a recent trend of steering dampers is the size optimization with a higher integration of the device into the steering head and consequent greater constraints on its dimensions. In this paper, a model of motorcycle is considered to define the damping factors generally required on the steering axis to ensure safety and comfort in all conditions. Moreover, an Axiomatic Design approach is used to analyze the critical aspects and to propose an innovative architecture for a steering damper based on magneto-rheological (MR) fluid and fully integrated in the steering head of the motorcycles.
Enhanced Bipolar Stacked Switched Capacitor Energy Buffers (2013)

The stacked switched capacitor (SSC) energy buffer is a recently proposed architecture for buffering energy between single-phase alternating and direct current. When used with film capacitors, it can increase the life of grid-interfaced power converters by eliminating limited-life electrolytic capacitors while maintaining comparable energy density. This paper introduces an enhanced version of the bipolar SSC energy buffer that achieves higher effective energy density and round-trip efficiency while maintaining the same bus voltage ripple ratio as the original design. Furthermore, the enhanced buffer uses fewer capacitors and switches than the original design. The enhancement in performance is achieved by modifying the control and switching patterns of the buffer switches. A prototype enhanced SSC energy buffer, designed for a 320-V bus and a 135-W load, has been built and tested. The design methodology and experimental results for the enhanced SSC energy buffer are presented and compared with the original design. This paper also presents a comparison of unipolar and bipolar SSC energy buffers. It is shown that, although bipolar designs are superior in terms of effective energy density at low ripple ratios, unipolar designs can outperform bipolar designs at high ripple ratios.
Effective star tracking method based on optical flow analysis for star trackers (2016)

Benefiting from rapid development of imaging sensor technology, modern optical technology, and a high-speed computing chip, the star tracker's accuracy, dynamic performance, and update rate have been greatly improved with low power consumption and miniature size. The star tracker is currently one of the most competitive attitude measurement sensors. However, due to restrictions of the optical imaging system, difficulties still exist in moving star spot detection and star tracking when in special motion conditions. An effective star tracking method based on optical flow analysis for star trackers is proposed in this paper. Spot-based optical flow, based on a gray gradient between two adjacent star images, is analyzed to distinguish the star spot region and obtain an accurate star spot position so that the star tracking can keep continuous under high dynamic conditions. The obtained star vectors and extended Kalman filter (EKF) are then combined to conduct an angular velocity estimation to ensure region prediction of the star spot; this can be combined with the optical flow analysis result. Experiment results show that the method proposed in this paper has advantages in conditions of large angular velocity and large angular acceleration, despite the presence of noise. Higher functional density and better performance can be achieved; thus, the star tracker can be more widely applied in small satellites, remote sensing, and other complex space missions.
A Novel 3-D Braiding Technology, Complex Shape Preforms and Composites (2002)

A brief overview of 3-D braiding technology and its two major branches, “row and column” and “rotary” braiding, opens the paper. An innovative 3-D braiding process that has been recently patented and implemented in a fully automated multi-modular industrial scale machine is introduced next. The machine enables producing complex, continuously variable shape preforms for composite structures. Each module of the machine incorporates some number of horngears with four yarn carriers placed on each of them. A novel gate switch mechanism, based on the gripping fork controlled rotation, provides smooth transfer of yarn carriers between adjacent horngears. Each gripping fork is controlled individually, thus allowing fabricating practically unlimited variety of complex cross section 3-D braided preforms. Examples of manufactured braided products include rectangular bars, T-, I- and J-stiffeners, box-beams, hollow tubes, etc. Results and discussion of mechanical characterization of 3-D braided carbon and E-glass composites conclude the paper.
Operation of a Segmented Hall Thruster with Low-sputtering Carbon-velvet Electrodes (2005)

Carbon fiber velvet material provides exceptional sputtering resistance properties exceeding those for graphite and carbon composite materials. A 2 kW Hall thruster with segmented electrodes made of this material was operated in the discharge voltage range of 200–700 V. The arcing between the floating velvet electrodes and the plasma was visually observed, especially, during the initial conditioning time, which lasted for about 1 h. The comparison of voltage versus current and plume characteristics of the Hall thruster with and without segmented electrodes indicates that the magnetic insulation of the segmented thruster improves with the discharge voltage at a fixed magnetic field. The observations reported here also extend the regimes wherein the segmented Hall thruster can have a narrower plume than that of the conventional nonsegmented thruster.
Oligosaccharide Synthesis in Solution and on Solid Support with Glycosyl Phosphates (2002)

The synthesis of glycosyl 1-phosphate triesters and their use in solution-phase and solid-phase oligosaccharide chemistry is reviewed. The preparation of anomeric phosphates from lactol and glycal starting materials and their application in the synthesis of nucleotide diphosphate sugars is described. Glycosyl phosphates have been employed successfully in the construction of O- and C-glycosides and give highly trans-selective coupling products even in the absence of C-2 participating groups. Solid-phase techniques utilizing glycosyl phosphate triesters have enabled the assembly of biologically important complex carbohydrates. Most recently, glycosyl phosphates have been the basis for the development of an automated oligosaccharide synthesizer.
TiN as an Anode Material for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (1999)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) continue to receive attention due to their potential applications in display technology. Indium tin oxide is currently the most widely used anode material in these devices. Here is reported the preparation of highly conductive thin films of TiN on glass substrates by metal organic CVD using Ti(NMe2)4 and NH3. These films were used as anodes in small-molecule based OLEDs that showed external quantum efficiencies comparable to or better than those fabricated with ITO. The efficiencies improve significantly when corrected for absorption by the TiN.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ON-THE-GO SOIL PH MAPPING METHOD: ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT VARIABILITY (2006)

An automated system for mapping soil pH on-the-go has been developed, tested, and commercialized. This systemis capable of determining soil pH approximately every 10 s as it moves across a field. When georeferenced, thesemeasurements could be used to construct soil pH maps that can be involved in farm management decision process. This methodfor on-the-go soil pH mapping uses flat surface ion-selective electrodes to directly measure the pH of moist soil. The prototypesystem was evaluated in a field with artificially created areas corresponding to acidic and neutral soil conditions. Testsrevealed that the resulting standard error (measurement error superimposed on the effects of soil micro variability) was foundto be 0.38 pH. The standard laboratory procedure (measurement of soil pH in 1:1 weight-to-weight soil-water solution)performed on the same set of samples resulted in 0.24 pH standard error. In addition, various laboratory experiments showedhigh correlation between soil pH measured directly on naturally moist samples and soil solutions (R2 = 0.93 - 0.96). Fieldevaluation of automated soil pH mapping indicated that automated sampling did not introduce a significant source of errorand produced the same variance of measurements within relatively homogeneous field areas as measurements performeddirectly on manually extracted soil samples.
Ets Factors Regulate Neural Stem Cell Depletion and Gliogenesis in Ras Pathway Glioma (2015)

(Cell Reports 12, 258–271; Published July 2, 2015) In the originally published version of this paper, the schematic in Figure 4B contained additional arrows that should not have been present. The figure has been corrected and now appears with the paper online. The authors regret this error. Ets Factors Regulate Neural Stem Cell Depletion and Gliogenesis in Ras Pathway GliomaBreunig et al.Cell ReportsJuly 2, 2015In BriefBreunig et al. report that increased Ras signaling functions to deplete neural stem cells and expand glial progenitors in gliomagenesis. Inhibition of the upregulated Ets signaling downstream of Ras is sufficient to inhibit glioma formation by attenuating the gliogenesis necessary for tumor propagation. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Road condition classification using a new global alignment kernel (2015)

The development of the so-called intelligent tire has changed the role of the tire. Here we discuss a real-time road condition classification system that employs monitoring tire acceleration. Because the tire acceleration is non-stationary and is warped non-linearly in the time domain, we applied the time alignment algorithm to it similarly to speech recognition. High accuracy classification systems robust against tire-size range variations have been achieved in previous studies, in which the same pattern tires with prescribed pressure and several vehicles were used. However, there is no discussion on the execution speed of such a system. Therefore, we validated the algorithm and improved it for use in real-time applications. Specially, the calculation time was reduced by limiting the path of the global alignment kernel, which handles a sequence with time warping. Furthermore, we used SVM with L1 norm regularization instead of L2 norm regularization. We succeeded in achieving a real-time road condition classification system, which was verified in a vehicle test.
Foamy Virus Capsids Require the Cognate Envelope Protein for Particle Export (1999)

Unlike other subclasses of the Retroviridae the Spumavirinae, its prototype member being the so-called human foamy virus (HFV), require the expression of the envelope (Env) glycoprotein for viral particle egress. Both the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Env and the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, which efficiently pseudotype other retrovirus capsids, were not able to support export of HFV particles. Analysis of deletion and point mutants of the HFV Env protein revealed that the HFV Env cytoplasmic domain (CyD) is dispensable for HFV particle envelopment, release, and infectivity, whereas deletion of the membrane-spanning-domain (MSD) led to an accumulation of naked capsids in the cytoplasm. Neither alternative membrane association of HFV Env deletion mutants lacking the MSD and CyD via phosphoglycolipid anchor nor domain swapping mutants, with the MSD or CyD of MuLV Env and VSV-G exchanged against the corresponding HFV domains, could restore particle envelopment and the release defect of pseudotypes. However, replacement of the HFV MSD with that of MuLV led to budding of HFV capsids at the intracellular membranes. These virions were of apparently wild-type morphology but were not naturally released into the supernatant and they were noninfectious.
A new chicken 55K SNP genotyping array (2019)

We successfully developed a 55K genotyping array by using SNPs segregated from typical local breeds and commercial lines. Compared to the existing Affy 600 K and Illumina 60 K arrays, there were 21,41 K new SNPs included on our Affy 55K array. The results of the 55K genotyping data can therefore be imputed to high-density SNPs genotyping data. The array offers a wide range of potential applications such as genomic selection breeding, GWAS of interested traits, and investigation of diversity of different chicken breeds.
Hepatocyte‐derived exosomes regulate liver recovery and regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion in mice (398.3) (2014)

Exosomes are small extracellular membrane vesicles that originated from a variety of different cell types, including hepatocytes. Exosomes may play important roles in intercellular communication. Our previous work has demonstrated that the chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, regulate liver recovery and regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, we sought to determine if hepatocyte‐derived exosomes mediate the CXCR1 and/or CXCR2‐mediated regulation of liver recovery and regeneration after I/R injury. Exosome release from hepatocytes was found to be dependent upon CXCR1 and CXCR2. CXCR1‐/‐ hepatocytes produced fewer exosomes, whereas CXCR2‐/‐ hepatocytes produced more exosomes compared to their wild‐type controls. Exosomes from wild‐type hepatocytes induced dose‐dependent increases in hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Interestingly, exosomes from CXCR1‐/‐ hepatocytes had no effect on hepatocyte proliferation, whereas exosomes from CXCR2‐/‐ hepatocytes had similar effects as those from wild‐type cells. Mice treated with hepatocyte‐derived exosomes showed a dose‐dependent increase in hepatocyte proliferation after I/R. The data suggest that exosome release by hepatocytes is controlled by CXCR1 and CXCR2 and that hepatocyte‐derived exosomes promote hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after I/R injury.
<title>Segmentation of colon lumen for virtual colonoscopy</title> (1999)

Residual stool and fluid and wall collapses are problematic for virtual colonoscopy. Electronic colon cleansing techniques combining both bowel preparation and image processing were developed to segment the colon lumen from the abdominal computed tomographic (CT) images. This paper describes our bowel preparation and image segmentation techniques and presents some preliminary results. A feasibility study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also reported.
Dearylation of Heavy Alkyl-Bridged Noncondensed Alkyl Diaromatics by Fluid Catalytic Cracking (2020)

The hydrodearylation process has previously demonstrated the ability to upgrade an aromatic reject stream from an aromatic recovery complex containing heavy alkyl-bridged noncondensed multiaromatics to high-value monoaromatics that include a benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene/xylene (BTEX) yield of ∼6 wt %. Herein, a new alternative refining processing option is presented for the same reject stream that not only improves the quality of the gasoline blending component but also significantly increases the BTEX yield. The aromatic reject stream has a limited usage as a gasoline blending component because of its inferior quality. However, by fractionating the reject stream at 180 °C, the lighter fraction can be directly sent as a gasoline blending component with a high research octane number without negatively influencing the gasoline specification, and the heavier fraction can be dearylated by subjecting the stream to fluid catalytic cracking. Gas chromatography data show monoaromatic formation at the expense of diaromatic conversion and also present BTEX yields as a function of the processing conditions. Depending on the conditions employed, the BTEX yield in the liquid product can be significantly increased (∼37 wt %) compared with the previous configuration. The significant quantities of BTEX formed demonstrate that this new processing configuration—in converting low-value aromatics—provides alternative options to refineries to upgrade the aromatic reject stream.
Directional THz generation in hot Rb vapor excited to a Rydberg state (2021)

We optically excite <sup>85</sup><i>R</i><i>b</i> atoms in a heated vapor cell to a low-lying Rydberg state 10<i>D</i><sub>5/2</sub> and observe directional terahertz (THz) beams at 3.3 THz and 7.8 THz. These THz fields are generated by amplified spontaneous emission from the 10<i>D</i><sub>5/2</sub> state to the 11<i>P</i><sub>3/2</sub> and 8<i>F</i><sub>7/2</sub> states, respectively. In addition, we observe ultraviolet (UV) light produced by four-wave mixing of optical pump lasers and the 3.3 THz field. We characterize the generated THz power over the detuning and power of pump lasers, and identify experimental conditions favoring THz and UV generation, respectively. Our scheme paves a new pathway towards generating high-power narrowband THz radiation.
Beneficial Effects of Human Anti-Interleukin-15 Antibody in Gluten-Sensitive Rhesus Macaques with Celiac Disease (2018)

Overexpression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) is linked with immunopathology of several autoimmune disorders including celiac disease. Here, we utilized an anti-human IL-15 antibody 04H04 (anti-IL-15) to reverse immunopathogenesis of celiac disease. Anti-IL-15 was administered to six gluten-sensitive rhesus macaques with celiac disease characteristics including gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), and the following celiac-related metrics were evaluated: morphology (villous height/crypt depth ratio) of small intestine, counts of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, plasma levels of anti-gliadin and anti-intestinal tissue transglutaminase IgG antibodies, as well as peripheral effector memory (CD3+CD28-CD95+) T cells. Anti-IL-15 treatment reversed the clinically relevant disease endpoints, intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, and villous height/crypt depth ratios within jejunal biopsies to normal levels (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Additionally, intestinal CD8+ and CD4+ T cell IFN-γ production was reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Extra-intestinally, anti-IL-15 treatment reduced peripheral NK cell counts (<i>P</i> < 0.001), but otherwise, non-NK peripheral lymphocytes including effector memory T cells and serum blood chemistry were unaffected. Overall, providing the beneficial disease-modulatory and immunomodulatory effects observed, anti-IL-15 treatment might be considered as a novel therapy to normalize intestinal lymphocyte function in celiac disease patients with GSE.
BGS wave and SH wave resonator filters using edge reflections (2002)

Small-sized and low loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters are required in current handy phones. In particular, such a small filter for a first IF stage is urgently required, because its current size is much larger than that of a RF SAW filter. The size of a conventional SAW resonator filter is large, because it requires reflectors consisting of a lot of electrode fingers on both sides of interdigital transducers (IDTs). A shear horizontal (SH) component of Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu (BGS) wave or SH type SAW has a characteristic of complete reflection at free edges of a substrate with a large dielectric constant. The author attempted to realize small low-loss resonator filters without electrode reflectors by utilizing the above-mentioned edge reflection of BGS or SH waves. Very small and low-loss transversely coupled and longitudinally coupled resonator filters could be realized using the BGS wave on piezoelectric ceramic substrates or the SH wave on single crystal substrates. For examples, insertion losses of 52 MHz IF filter for a spread spectrum (SS) cordless telephone system, 40 MHz for an electronic toll collection system (ETC), and 49.2 MHz clock filter for digital audio broadcasting (DAB) using the BGS wave are 4.5, 4.4, and 2.7 dB, respectively. In spite of wire-bonded type of packages, sizes of the 52 MHz and 40 MHz filters are small; 4.5/spl times/5.2/spl times/1.75 and 3.8/spl times/3.8/spl times/1.5 mm, respectively. Losses of 135 MHz filter for a global positioning system (GPS) and 190 MHz for a wide-band CDMA (Rx) using the SH wave on LiTaO/sub 3/ are 3.3, and 3.8/spl sim/5.0 dB, respectively. The package sizes are also small: 3.8/spl times/3.8/spl times/1.5 and 3/spl times/3/spl times/1.15 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the author attempted to develop global system for mobile communications (GSM) IF filters in 200/spl sim/400 MHz having a small size (3/spl times/3/spl times/1.15 mm), a low loss (3.5 dB), and good temperature characteristics by using SH wave on quartz. In spite of wire-bonding type of IF filters, the filter size (3/spl times/3/spl times/1.15 mm) is the same as that of RF SAW filters.
Colorimetrics: Colorimetric Plasmon Resonance Imaging Using Nano Lycurgus Cup Arrays (Advanced Optical Materials 1/2013) (2013)

A nanocup structure that mimics the Lycurgus cup effect enables nanoplasmonic spectroscopy to be used for colorimetric sensing, requiring only the naked eye or ordinary visible color photography. Enhanced optical transmission from the subwavelength cup structures couples with the localized surface plasmon from metal nanoparticles on the side walls of the cup, creating extraordinary sensitivity and visible color changes. Utility of the sensor for chemical imaging, biomolecular imaging, and integration to portable microfluidics devices for lab-on chip-applications is demonstrated by Liu and co-workers on page 68.