gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure/Property Relationship for Ethylenediamine Derivatives as Aids in Sunless Tanning (2012)

This report covers an effort to identify adjuvants to the sunless tanning action of dihydroxyacetone. The readily available derivatives of ethylenediamine were systematically studied for their coloration behavior with DHA on synthetic skin, resulting in the following structure/activity relationship: 1) Linear derivatives with each of the amines either primary or secondary with respect to methyl substitution gave very rapid coloration, as did cyclic derivatives in which the ethylenediamine backbone was fully embedded in the ring and both amines are primary or partially embedded with the external amine primary; 2) Stretched derivatives in which the ethylene moiety is changed to propylene or longer gave progressively less coloration; 3) Derivatives of ethylenediamine in which either or both of the amines were tertiary with respect to alkyl substitution yielded no adjuvant action. The observed behavior can be rationalized in terms of the Maillard reaction being a complex network of reactions in which the chemical structure of the adjuvant controls, at least in part, the reaction pathway. For ethylenediamines, it appears that a highly reactive pathway exists which involves a six-membered ring with the amine groups at the 1,4 positions. Thus stretched diamines and tertiary amines are restricted from taking this route.
MicroRNAs and Polycystic Kidney Disease (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non protein-coding RNAs that function as inhibitors of post-transcriptional gene expression in plants and animals. Over a thousand different miRNAs are known to be encoded by the human genome, the majority of which are conserved in other species. miRNAs are essential for virtually all aspects of mammalian biology, including development of key organs such the brain, the heart, and the kidney. More importantly, miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous common human diseases, and pharmaceutical manipulation of miRNA function has emerged as an exciting new therapeutic approach for cancer and kidney diseases. Several lines of evidence have connected miRNAs to the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in cystic kidneys and this aberrant expression is thought to regulate key aspects of cyst pathogenesis such as cyst epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as dosage of the various cystic kidney disease genes. In this chapter, we briefly discuss the basic biology of miRNAs and their role in kidney development, and highlight the role of three miRNA families – miR-17 and related miRNAs, miR-200 family and miR-21- in the pathogenesis of PKD.
Coating alloy. [Ni-Mo-Si-W-Ti-Fe] (1984)

Relates to a coating alloy consisting essentially by weight of up to about 0.1% C, about 3% to 30% Mo, up to about 3% Si, up to about 6% W, about 2.5% to 12% Ti, about 10% to 22% Fe, up to about 0.4% V, and the balance essentially nickel.
Functional Activity of MD-2 Polymorphic Variant Is Significantly Different in Soluble and TLR4-Bound Forms: Decreased Endotoxin Binding by G56R MD-2 and Its Rescue by TLR4 Ectodomain (2008)

MD-2 is an essential component of endotoxin (LPS) sensing, binding LPS independently and when bound to the ectodomain of the membrane receptor TLR4. Natural variation of proteins involved in the LPS-recognition cascade such as the LPS-binding protein, CD14, and TLR4, as well as proteins involved in intracellular signaling downstream of LPS binding, affect the cellular response to endotoxin and host defense against bacterial infections. We now describe the functional properties of two nonsynonymous coding polymorphisms of MD-2, G56R and P157S, documented in HapMap. As predicted from the MD-2 structure, the P157S mutation had little or no effect on MD-2 function. In contrast, the G56R mutation, located close to the LPS-binding pocket, significantly decreased cellular responsiveness to LPS. Soluble G56R MD-2 showed markedly reduced LPS binding that was to a large degree rescued by TLR4 coexpression or presence of TLR4 ectodomain. Thus, cells that express TLR4 without MD-2 and whose response to LPS depends on ectopically produced MD-2 were most affected by expression of the G56R variant of MD-2. Coexpression of wild-type and G56R MD-2 yielded an intermediate phenotype with responses to LPS diminished to a greater extent than that resulting from expression of the D299G TLR4 polymorphic variant.
ENCASING UNDISTRIBUTED SOIL CORES IN PLASTIC (1973)

A TECHNIQUE WAS DEVELOPED USING A 10.2-CM DIAMETER SOIL SAMPLER TO OBTAIN UNDISTURBED SOIL CORES ENCASED IN HEAT- SHRINKABLE TUBES. SIX CORES WERE TAKEN IN FEEDLOTS, FIVE FROM SANDY LOAM, AND ONE FROM A SILTY CLAY LOAM. THE UNDISTURBED SOIL CORE IS PLACED INSIDE THE PLASTIC TUBE DURING THE SAMPLING OPERATION, THEREBY MINIMIZING CORE HANDLING AND POSSIBLE FRACTURE.
Sensor array processing techniques for super resolution multi-line-fitting and straight edge detection (1993)

A signal processing method is developed for solving the problem of fitting multiple lines in a two-dimensional image. It formulates the multi-line-fitting problem in a special parameter estimation framework such that a signal structure similar to the sensor array processing signal representation is obtained. Then the recently developed algorithms in that formalism can be exploited to produce super-resolution estimates for line parameters. The number of lines may also be estimated in this framework. The signal representation used can be generalized to handle problems of line fitting and of straight edge detection. Details of the proposed algorithm and several experimental results are presented. The method exhibits considerable computational speed superiority over existing single- and multiple-line-fitting algorithms such as the Hough transform method. Potential applications include road tracking in robotic vision, mask wafer alignment in semiconductor manufacturing, aerial image analysis, text alignment in document analysis, and particle tracking in bubble chambers.
Application of Visual Analytics for Thermal State Management in Large Data Centres (2010)

Abstract Today's large data centres are the computational hubs of the next generation of IT services. With the advent of dynamic smart cooling and rack level sensing, the need for visual data exploration is growing. If administrators know the rack level thermal state changes and catch problems in real time, energy consumption can be greatly reduced. In this paper, we apply a cell‐based spatio‐temporal overall view with high‐resolution time series to simultaneously analyze complex thermal state changes over time across hundreds of racks. We employ cell‐based visualization techniques for trouble shooting and abnormal state detection. These techniques are based on the detection of sensor temperature relations and events to help identify the root causes of problems. In order to optimize the data centre cooling system performance, we derive new non‐overlapped scatter plots to visualize the correlations between the temperatures and chiller utilization. All these techniques have been used successfully to monitor various time‐critical thermal states in real‐world large‐scale production data centres and to derive cooling policies. We are starting to embed these visualization techniques into a handheld device to add mobile monitoring capability.
Teleoperator Imitation with Continuous-Time Safety (2019)

Learning to effectively imitate human teleoperators, with generalization to unseen and dynamic environments, is a promising path to greater autonomy enabling robots to steadily acquire complex skills from supervision. We propose a new motion learning technique rooted in contraction theory and sum-of-squares programming for estimating a control law in the form of a polynomial vector field from a given set of demonstrations. Notably, this vector field is provably optimal for the problem of minimizing imitation loss while providing continuous-time guarantees on the induced imitation behavior. Our method generalizes to new initial and goal poses of the robot and can adapt in real-time to dynamic obstacles during execution, with convergence to teleoperator behavior within a well-defined safety tube. We present an application of our framework for pick-and-place tasks in the presence of moving obstacles on a 7-DOF KUKA IIWA arm. The method compares favorably to other learning-from-demonstration approaches on benchmark handwriting imitation tasks.
Controlled Clustering and Enhanced Stability of Polymer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles (2005)

The clustering and stability of magnetic nanoparticles coated with random copolymers of acrylic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, and vinylsulfonic acid has been studied. Clusters larger than 50 nm are formed when the coatings are made using too low or too high molecular weight polymers or using insufficient amounts of polymer. Low-molecular-weight polymers result in thin coatings that do not sufficiently screen van der Waals attractive forces, while high-molecular-weight polymers bridge between particles, and insufficient polymer results in bare patches on the magnetite surface. The stability of the resulting clusters is poor, but when an insufficient polymer is used as primary coating, and a secondary polymer is added to coat remaining bare magnetite, the clusters are stable in high salt concentrations (>5 M NaCl), while retaining the necessary cluster size for efficient magnetic recovery. The magnetite cores were characterized by TEM and vibrating sample magnetometry, while the clusters were characterized by dynamic light scattering. The clustering and stability are interpreted in terms of the particle-particle interaction forces, and the optimal polymer size can be predicted well on the basis of these forces and the solution structure and hydrophobicity of the polymer. The size of aggregates formed by limited polymer can be predicted with a diffusion-limited colloidal aggregation model modified with a sticking probability based on fractional coating of the magnetite cores.
Azidoperfluoroalkanes: Synthesis and Application in Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (2016)

We report an efficient and scalable synthesis of azidotrifluoromethane (CF<sub>3</sub> N<sub>3</sub> ) and longer perfluorocarbon-chain analogues (R<sub>F</sub> N<sub>3</sub> ; R<sub>F</sub> =C<sub>2</sub> F<sub>5</sub> , <sup>n</sup> C<sub>3</sub> F<sub>7</sub> , <sup>n</sup> C<sub>8</sub> F<sub>17</sub> ), which enables the direct insertion of CF<sub>3</sub> and perfluoroalkyl groups into triazole ring systems. The azidoperfluoroalkanes show good reactivity with terminal alkynes in copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), giving access to rare and stable N-perfluoroalkyl triazoles. Azidoperfluoroalkanes are thermally stable and the efficiency of their preparation should be attractive for discovery programs.
Oxide based memristive devices (2012)

Memristive devices with fast speed, low-energy, high endurance and small footprint have attracted significant attention recently. In this article, we first briefly introduce the switching mechanisms and then discuss possible applications with these devices, including memory, logic and neuromorphic computing. Finally, the promises and challenges of these devices are discussed, together with some possible solutions.
A Novel Synthetic Route to Chiral γ‐Lactams from α‐Amino Acids via Rh‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Insertion. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Technical Advances (2009)

Interest in assessment of collateral flow measurement has resurfaced with the advent of endoscopic lung volume reduction studies, namely valve technologies (eg Emphasys EBV), that achieve volume reduction through lobar isolation. It is currently thought that collateral ventilation could be a contributing factor for endoscopic lung volume reduction failures, as isolated lobes can "backfill" through these channels. In an attempt to quantify collateral ventilation, the Chartis System has been developed by Pulmonx, Inc. to measure pressure and flow, and calculate resistance to airflow through collateral channels in isolated lung compartments.
Spectrum of natural antibodies against five HTLV-III antigens in infected individuals: correlation of antibody prevalence with clinical status (1987)

The genome of the HTLV-III/LAV retrovirus, the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), encodes the viral structural proteins (envelope and core proteins), the reverse transcriptase, a transactivation protein (tat-III), as well as two other proteins (3'orf, sor) of unknown function. We studied the prevalence of natural antibodies against envelope, gag, 3'orf, sor, and tat-III in the sera of HTLV-III infected individuals in an attempt to correlate clinical status with seropositivity to specific HTLV-III antigens. We selected 101 sera; 16 were obtained from normal donors with no known risk factors, and 85 were from patients with full-fledged AIDS (28 cases), AIDS-related complex (ARC, 22 cases), and healthy people at risk (homosexuals, intravenous [IV] drug users, relatives of AIDS patients; 35 cases). Seropositivity for antibodies against the envelope (gp41) and gag antigens (p15, p24) was determined by Western blot using disrupted HTLV-III virions. Of the 101 sera, all 16 from nonrisk donors and 3/35 from healthy at-risk donors were negative for antibodies against either the gp41 or p15 and p24. The remaining 82 sera were seropositive for either the gp41 and/or the p15 and p24. All sera were then tested against the three known HTLV-III antigens (3'orf, sor, and tat-III) that have been synthesized in bacteria. Our data indicate that all the HTLV-III antigens tested are immunogenic in vivo. No significant difference in antibody prevalence to gp41 (close to 100%) and to the 3'orf, sor, and tat-III proteins (approximately 50%) was observed with regard to stage of the disease. In contrast, the prevalence of antibodies against the core antigens decreased from approximately 100% in infected people with no clinical signs of disease to 50% in ARC and AIDS patients. The percentage of patients seropositive for all five antigens tested was increased in the AIDS group. These results indicate that the greatest antibody prevalence was obtained using viral envelope antigen and further suggest that screening with the newly identified 3'orf, sor, and tat-III proteins as antigens would confer no further diagnostic advantage. The pattern of natural antibodies observed during disease progression did not suggest any pathogenetic mechanism.
Bit-Error-Rate Monitoring for Active Wavelength Control of Resonant Modulators (2012)

A new method uses bit-error-rate measurements to acquire and stabilize the wavelength of an optical resonant modulator to an optical carrier wave. This is attractive because it uses the pertinent metric, bit error rate, to optimize the modulator resonance independent of other system variations, meaning it can compensate for system aging and drift even in the heater element itself.
Noninvasive measurement of cerebral venous oxygenation in neonates with a multi-wavelength, fiber-coupled laser diode optoacoustic system (2018)

Noninvasive measurement of cerebral venous oxygenation in neonates could provide critical information for clinicians such as cerebral hypoxia without the risks involved with invasive catheterization. Evaluation of cerebral hypoxia is important in many clinical settings such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, perfusion monitoring in cardiovascular surgery or in traumatic brain injury. By probing the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), a large central cerebral vein, we can obtain stable signals with our recently developed multi-wavelength, fiber-coupled laser diode optoacoustic system for measurement of SSS blood oxygenation. The neonatal SSS oxygenation was measured in the reflection mode through open anterior and posterior fontanelles without obscuration by the overlying calvarium. In the transmission mode it was measured through the skull in the occipital area. Our device is lightweight, easily maneuverable, and user friendly for physicians. We monitored the SSS oxygenation in neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of UTMB with varying gestation, birth weight and clinical histories to identify normal range and difference between neonates with and without risk factors for cerebral hypoxia.
Effect of ozone on the oral microbiota and clinical severity of primary root caries. (2004)

Using a paired Student t-test, a significant (P < 0.001) difference (mean +/- SE) in total micro-organisms was observed in the ozone-treated samples after either a 10 seconds (log10 4.35 +/- 0.49) or 20 seconds (log10 0.46 +/- 0.26) ozone application compared with the control samples (log10 7.00 +/- 0.24) and (log10 6.00 +/- 0.21) respectively. Using Pearson's correlation tests, there were significant correlations for the reduction in total micro-organisms after 10 seconds of ozone application with cavitation, size, distance from gingival margin and severity of PRCLs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ozone application either for 10 or 20 seconds dramatically reduced most of the micro-organisms in PRCLs without any side effects recorded at recall intervals between 3 and 5.5 months. Out of the 65 PRCLs reviewed, 33 lesions had become hard, 27 lesions reversed to severity index 1 from severity index 2, and five lesions remained the same following ozone application for a period of either 10 or 20 seconds.
IPH2101, a novel anti-inhibitory KIR antibody, and lenalidomide combine to enhance the natural killer cell versus multiple myeloma effect (2011)

Multiple myeloma (MM) patients who receive killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) ligand-mismatched, T cell-depleted, allogeneic transplantation may have a reduced risk of relapse compared with patients who receive KIR ligand-matched grafts, suggesting the importance of this signaling axis in the natural killer (NK) cell-versus-MM effect. Expanding on this concept, IPH2101 (1-7F9), an anti-inhibitory KIR mAb, enhances NK-cell function against autologous MM cells by blocking the engagement of inhibitory KIR with cognate ligands, promoting immune complex formation and NK-cell cytotoxicity specifically against MM cell targets but not normal cells. IPH2101 prevents negative regulatory signals by inhibitory KIR, whereas lenalidomide augments NK-cell function and also appears to up-regulate ligands for activating NK-cell receptors on MM cells. Lenalidomide and a murine anti-inhibitory NK-cell receptor Ab mediate in vivo rejection of a lenalidomide-resistant tumor. These mechanistic, preclinical data support the use of a combination of IPH2101 and lenalidomide in a phase 2 trial for MM.
Speculative lock elision: enabling highly concurrent multithreaded execution (2005)

Serialization of threads due to critical sections is a fundamental bottleneck to achieving high performance in multithreaded programs. Dynamically, such serialization may be unnecessary because these critical sections could have safely executed concurrently without locks. Current processors cannot fully exploit such parallelism because they do not have mechanisms to dynamically detect such false inter-thread dependences. We propose Speculative Lock Elision (SLE), a novel micro-architectural technique to remove dynamically unnecessary lock-induced serialization and enable highly concurrent multithreaded execution. The key insight is that locks do not always have to be acquired for a correct execution. Synchronization instructions are predicted as being unnecessary and elided. This allows multiple threads to concurrently execute critical sections protected by the same lock. Misspeculation due to inter-thread data conflicts is detected using existing cache mechanisms and rollback is used for recovery. Successful speculative elision is validated and committed without acquiring the lock. SLE can be implemented entirely in microarchitecture without instruction set support and without system-level modifications, is transparent to programmers, and requires only trivial additional hardware support. SLE can provide programmers a fast path to writing correct high-performance multithreaded programs.
SQLEM (2000)

Clustering is one of the most important tasks performed in Data Mining applications. This paper presents an efficient SQL implementation of the EM algorithm to perform clustering in very large databases. Our version can effectively handle high dimensional data, a high number of clusters and more importantly, a very large number of data records. We present three strategies to implement EM in SQL: horizontal, vertical and a hybrid one. We expect this work to be useful for data mining programmers and users who want to cluster large data sets inside a relational DBMS.
Anterior and posterior tongue activity sensor based on triaxial force sensor (2013)

In this research, we fabricated triaxial force sensors which can measure tongue activities. In order to analyze the role of tongue activity of front part (anterior tongue) and back part (posterior) of the tongue, we fixed two triaxial force sensors to the palate. Our triaxial force sensors also have temperature sensors, which can measure the temperature change in the mouth so that temperature drift of the force sensors output can be compensated. In the liquid-swallowing experiment, pressure and shear force distributions were observed to clarify tongue motion. We measured and calculated anterior and posterior tongue activities during swallowing, and found that anterior tongue activity was larger than posterior tongue activity. These results indicated that the anterior tongue works as an anchor and the posterior tongue works as an actuator which transports the food or liquid to the throat.
Enhancing the biological functions of non-animal collagens (2016)

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Thermal degradation mechanism and thermal mechanical properties of two high-performance aromatic polyimide fibers (1999)

Abstract Two organo-soluble aromatic polyimides have been synthesized by introducing pendant groups of trifluromethyl or methyl onto the 2- and 2′-positions of a biphenyl diamine and reacting each of them with biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA): 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (PFMB) or 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (DMB). These two polyimides, BPDA-PFMB and BPDA-DMB, are prepared via a one-step poly condensation method, and they can be fabricated into fibers, films, and other application forms. Our research shows that in fiber applications, these two fibers exhibit excellent mechanical properties and outstanding thermal and thermooxidative stability. Their long-term mechanical tensile performance at high temperatures is found to be critically associated with the type of side pendant groups at the 2- and 2′-positions of the diamines. High-resolution pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PyGC-MS) results show that the pyrorgams of these two polyimides possess more than 16 pyrolyzates. Based on the compositions and distributions of the pyrolyzates at different temperatures, the thermal degradation mechanisms for both of the polyimides are found to be the same.