gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the bottlenecks in virtualizing cellular core network functions (2015)

Network function virtualization (NFV) promises significant cost savings, flexibility and ease of deployment. However, potential challenges in implementing virtualized network elements that can support real-world performance requirements are still an open question. For example, traditional telecom networks have a lot of complex interdependencies that can affect performance. In this paper, we study the potential bottlenecks in virtualizing cellular core network functions. Using a combination of analysis and experimentation, we quantify the impact of software-based EPC elements on various metrics including physical processing, memory, IO, and bandwidth resource requirements. We use production grade, software-based cellular network elements running on general purpose Linux servers, driven by a variety of realistic workloads derived from a realworld cellular network, to examine the combined effects of control and data planes on an LTE enhanced packet core (EPC). In particular, we discover that the SGW handles about 33% of the control plane transactions and is a potential source for performance bottlenecks as a result of the interdependencies between control and data plane processing. Our results indicate that simply replacing existing EPC elements with virtualized equivalents can have severe performance bottlenecks and that virtualized EPC elements need to be carefully designed.
NR3C1 hypermethylation in depressed and bullied adolescents (2018)

The disruption of key epigenetic processes during critical periods of brain development can increase an individual's vulnerability to psychopathology later in life. For instance, DNA methylation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adulthood is known to be associated with early-life adversities and has been suggested to mediate the development of stress-related disorders. However, the association between NR3C1 methylation and the emergence of internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence has not been studied extensively. In the present report, we used saliva DNA from a cohort of Swedish adolescents (13-14 years old; N = 1149) to measure NR3C1 methylation in the exon 1F region. Internalizing psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). We found that NR3C1 hypermethylation was cross-sectionally associated with high score for internalizing symptoms in the whole group as well as among the female participants. In addition, an analysis of social environmental stressors revealed that reports of bullied or lacking friends were significantly associated with NR3C1 hypermethylation. This cross-sectional association of NR3C1 exon 1F hypermethylation with internalizing psychopathology in adolescents, as well as with bullying and lack of friends are novel results in this field. Longitudinal studies are needed to address whether NR3C1 methylation mediates the link between social stressors and psychopathology in adolescence.
Factors predictive of response to interferon-α therapy in hepatitis C virus infection (1994)

To determine the patient-dependent and virus-related factors that may predict sustained response to interferon-alpha therapy, we prospectively evaluated 60 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C who received a standardized treatment schedule of interferon-alpha. Twenty-eight patients achieved a long-term sustained remission, 14 patients had temporary responses during treatment but relapsed after completing it and 14 patients did not respond. Four patients dropped out because of severe side effects and were excluded from evaluation of efficacy. Twenty-one variables were chosen as possible predictors of sustained response and were analyzed by means of multivariate analysis. Variables related to the hepatitis C virus included genotype and concentration in serum before treatment. The former was determined by means of the polymerase chain reaction with genotype-specific primers for genotypes PT, K1, K2a and K2b, which were deduced from nonstructural region 5 of the hepatitis C virus genome. The latter was measured with a competitive polymerase chain reaction technique. Three variables were statistically significant (p < 0.05) on univariate analysis: viral genotype, pretreatment level of viremia and Knodell's fibrosis score. In multivariate analysis viral genotype and Knodell's fibrosis score were correlated independently with a sustained response (p < 0.05 for both). Incidence of sustained response was 40% and 91% in patients with genotypes K1 and K2a, respectively. We conclude that with the treatment schedule used, viral genotype was the most useful predictor of a sustained response to treatment with interferon-alpha.
A Review of Topical Agents for Wounds and Methods of Wounding (1993)

This article reviews the effects of antiseptics, antimicrobials, hemostatic agents and surgical methods on the incidence of wound infection and the process of wound healing. A set of guidelines is provided to help decide what to apply topically to wounds and which method of wounding to select in order to achieve the best possible outcome in wound healing.
Using intracameral cefuroxime as a prophylaxis for endophthalmitis. (2008)

Community EyE HEaltH Journal | Vol 21 iSSuE 65 | marCH 2008 This paper presents the results of a large and well-designed randomised trial, which examined the effectiveness of an injection of cefuroxime 1 mg in the anterior chamber at the conclusion of cataract surgery. The results showed such a great benefit from the use of cefuroxime that the trial was stopped early, because it was considered unethical not to use the treatment. From these figures, out of 10,000 cataract operations without postoperative intracameral cefuroxime, 23.3 would be expected to develop culture-positive endophthalmitis. With intracameral cefuroxime, this number would only be 4.4 (OR=5.32, 95%; CI 1.55–18.26). Globally, 10 million cataract operations are performed every year. This gives an incidence of endophthalmitis of 23,000 per year. If all surgeons used intracameral cefuroxime in every case, the incidence of endophthalmitis would be reduced to 4,400. What about toxicity? It appears that the intracameral injection of cefuroxime is not toxic: Swedish researchers have published results on many thousands of eyes that have received intracameral cefuroxime without any adverse effects.1 It is possible that these results on the prophylactic effect of intracameral cefuroxime might be different in developing countries. This study was carried out in Europe, and it was also carried out on eyes that were having phacoemulsification. It is likely that the majority of these eyes had clear corneal incisions, with no sutures. Few clinics in developing countries routinely use phacoemulsification.They tend to favour extracapsular extraction, a technique in which the wound is covered with a conjunctival flap and which may be associated with a lower risk of infection. However, since the type of wound closure is not the only factor in the occurrance of endophthalmitis, similar prophylactic results may be obtained with the intracameral injection of cefuroxime at the end of extracapsular cataract extraction. Despite these uncertainties, this study represents the best evidence we have regarding the prevention of this devastating complication.
Recent Advances in Pore Pressure Prediction In Complex Geologic Environments (2011)

Abstract In recent years, methods have been developed to enable robust pressure prediction in the presence of multiple pressure mechanisms including undercompaction, unloading processes (secondary pressure mechanisms) and at great depth, the onset of secondary chemical compaction. These models utilize geological and geophysical information to constrain the calibration models and the depths at which they must be applied to develop a multilayer pressure calibration model that will accurately predict pressures for prospect-level analysis and pre-drill prediction. These models are then integrated with the velocity field and the geological and geophysical information to predict pore pressures and fracture pressures at greater depths than have been previously feasible. This methodology has been tested in multiple basins and has been proven to be effective in helping drilling engineers improve well performance through more effective mud and casing program designs that significantly reduces well costs and rig time. Recent application of elastic and acoustic inversion in complex carbonate environments have also proven effective in predicting pressures in environments where the shales can be separated from the carbonates. The approach requires that the inverted data be separated into the shale and carbonate velocity trends to allow the shales to be used for effective stress prediction while the complete velocity field is used for time-depth conversion. These studies have revealed that pore pressure prediction from mixed lithology (carbonate and shale) environments is feasible using advanced inversion methods. Successful pressure prediction in this type of geology requires seismic data that is of sufficient quality to enable a robust acoustic and/or elastic inversion to be performed that can separate the shale velocities for effective stress calculation, and perform time-depth conversion from the complete velocity field. As the amount of shale present in the geologic section becomes smaller, the ability to predict pressures decreases. The presence of marls also presents a problem because the carbonate material within the shale suppresses the sensitivity of the shale velocity to pore pressure.
Current ripple reduction in 4kW LLC resonant converter based battery charger for electric vehicles (2015)

Electric vehicles rely on efficient charging techniques to maximize battery performance, efficiency and lifetime. Most EV on-board chargers are supplied from single phase AC mains, and contain 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> order mains frequency harmonic in the battery current. This harmonic current incurs extra loss in the battery, increases battery temperature, and hence reduces charging efficiency and battery lifetime. Conventional battery charger controllers are unable to reject this harmonic current completely. This paper describes a resonant controller employed to suppress the low-frequency current ripple in an LLC resonant converter for EV battery chargers. A small-signal model of the LLC resonant converter based battery charging system has been established from time-domain simulations by injecting a small perturbation signal into the converter switching frequency. A resonant controller is subsequently designed and the closed-loop charger system performance is analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed resonant controller on suppressing the harmonic current is assessed by extensive simulations and experimental tests.
Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Mediates Transforming Growth Factor Beta1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2016)

LncRNA MALAT1 is involved in TGFβ1-induced EMT of human RPE cells and provides new understandings for the pathogenesis of PVR.
Differentiation of Rare Leukodystrophies by Post-Mortem Morphological and Biochemical Studies: Female Adrenoleukodystrophy-Like Disease and Late-Onset Krabbe Disease (1996)

Two 6-year-old patients with clinical signs of leukodystrophy had no nosological diagnoses in vivo. Neuropathological studies revealed scavenger cells to be clustered in perivascular regions of the demyelinated brains. Histochemical and ultrastructural details of the non-metachromatic storage macrophages suggested lipid storage and prompted a biochemical analysis of cerebral tissue. The detection of increased amounts of very long chain fatty acids in the cholesterol ester fraction from formalin tissue in one patient was consistent with a diagnosis of an adrenoleukodystrophy-like condition, while the marked reduction in beta-galactocerebrosidase activity in a frozen brain sample of the second patient indicate Krabbe disease. The diagnostic potential of post-mortem studies in rare leukodystrophies is addressed.
Encapsulation of beneficial probiotic bacteria in extracellular matrix from biofilm-forming <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2018)

Probiotics, live microbial supplements, are often incorporated into foods and beverages to provide putative health benefits. To ensure their beneficial effects, these organisms must survive processing and storage of food, its passage through the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and subsequent chemical ingestion processes until they reach their target organ. However, there is considerable loss of viability of probiotic bacteria in the acidic conditions of the stomach and the high bile concentration in the small intestine. Bacillus subtilis, a spore-forming non-pathogenic bacterium, recently has gained interest in its probiotic properties; it can effectively maintain a favorable balance of microflora in the GIT. In addition, B. subtilis produces an extracellular matrix that protects it from stressful environments. We suggested that the extracellular matrix produced by B. subtilis could protect other probiotic bacteria and therefore potentially could be used as a vehicle for delivering viable probiotic cells to humans. Therefore, we developed a novel cultivation system that enables co-culturing of B. subtilis along with probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by increasing production of the extracellular matrix by B. subtilis cells. Moreover, we showed that B. subtilis improved survivability of LAB during food preparation, storage and ingestion. Therefore, we believe that the results of our study will provide a novel technique of using a natural system for preservation and delivery of probiotics to humans.
<title>Generation and fusion of multiple image representations in automatic corrosion detection algorithms used with shipboard tank video inspection systems</title> (2002)

Coatings damage in shipboard tanks is presently assessed using Certified Coatings Inspectors. Prior to a coatings inspector entering a tank, the tank must be emptied and certified gas free. These requirements combined with the limited number of certified coatings inspectors available at shipyards and Naval Bases significantly increases the cost and the logistical requirements associated with performing shipboard tank inspections. There is additionally significant variation in damage assessments made by different inspectors. To overcome these difficulties, the Naval Research Laboratory has developed two video inspection systems that obviate requirements for both certifying tanks gas free and for emptying the tank prior to performing an inspection. These systems also obviate requirements for inspector presence during tank inspections. The Naval Research Laboratory has also developed an automatic corrosion detection algorithm. The corrosion detection algorithm currently employs two independent algorithms that individually assess the tank coatings damage. The independent damage assessments are than fused to attain a single coatings damage value. In testing performed to date, it has been shown that the corrosion detection algorithm significantly reduces the effect of inspector-to-inspector variability and provides an accurate assessment of tank coatings damage. This in turn makes it significantly easier to prioritize ship maintenance.
Human papilloma virus detection by in situ hybridisation signal amplification based on biotinylated tyramine deposition. (1997)

Human papilloma virus detection by in situ hybridisation signal amplification based on biotinylated tyramine deposition
Attention Based Symmetry Detection in Colour Images (2005)

Symmetry is a fundamental structure that is found to some extent in all images. It is thought to be an important factor in the human visual system for obtaining understanding and extracting semantics from visual material. This paper describes a method of detecting axes of reflective symmetry in images that does not require prior assumptions about the image being analysed. The approach is derived from earlier work on visual attention that identifies salient regions and translational symmetries. Some results are reported on natural colour images taken from the Corel database.
Some New Mesogenic Esters Incorporating the 1,4-Disubstituted Bicyclo(2.2.2)octane Ring System (1985)

Abstract A variety of one-ring, two-ring, and three-ring esters incorporating one or two 1.4-disubstituted bicyclo(2.2.2)octane rings has been synthesised. In some cases the esters are fully alicyclic, e.g., terminally alkyl substituted alkyl bicyclo-octanoates, bicyclo-octyl bicyclo-octanoates and bicyclo-octyl cyclohexanoates. In others, the acidic moiety consists of one or two benzene rings or a benzene ring linked to a cyclohexane ring. The range of esters also includes some alkyl and bicyclo-octyl esters in which the acidic moiety contains a bicyclo-octane linked to a benzene ring system. The transition temperatures for the different types of ester are reported and compared with one another and with literature values for related esters. Results obtained from measurements of viscosity, birefringence, and electro-optical characteristics on some of the fully alicyclic esters are also reported.
Predicting the brain activation pattern associated with the propositional content of a sentence: Modeling neural representations of events and states (2017)

Even though much has recently been learned about the neural representation of individual concepts and categories, neuroimaging research is only beginning to reveal how more complex thoughts, such as event and state descriptions, are neurally represented. We present a predictive computational theory of the neural representations of individual events and states as they are described in 240 sentences. Regression models were trained to determine the mapping between 42 neurally plausible semantic features (NPSFs) and thematic roles of the concepts of a proposition and the fMRI activation patterns of various cortical regions that process different types of information. Given a semantic characterization of the content of a sentence that is new to the model, the model can reliably predict the resulting neural signature, or, given an observed neural signature of a new sentence, the model can predict its semantic content. The models were also reliably generalizable across participants. This computational model provides an account of the brain representation of a complex yet fundamental unit of thought, namely, the conceptual content of a proposition. In addition to characterizing a sentence representation at the level of the semantic and thematic features of its component concepts, factor analysis was used to develop a higher level characterization of a sentence, specifying the general type of event representation that the sentence evokes (e.g., a social interaction versus a change of physical state) and the voxel locations most strongly associated with each of the factors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4865-4881, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation of a differentially regulated splicing isoform of human NF-E2. (1995)

The transcription factor NF-E2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2), interacting via DNA motifs within regulatory regions of several hematopoietic genes, is thought to mediate the enhancer activity of the globin locus control regions. By screening a human fetal liver cDNA library with probes derived from mouse NF-E2, we have isolated a splicing variant of the NF-E2 gene (fNF-E2) that differs in the 5' untranslated region from the previously reported cDNA (aNF-E2). The fNF-E2 isoform is transcribed from an alternative promoter located in the 3' end of the first intron and joined by alternative splicing to the second and third exons, which are shared by both RNA isoforms. Although the two forms produce the same protein, they are expressed in different ratios during development. fNF-E2 is more abundant in the fetal liver and less abundant in the adult bone marrow compared to the previously described form. Their distribution apparently follows the differential expression of fetal and adult hemoglobins.
Necrobacillosis and immunity in mice (1989)

The study arose from the recent finding that sub-lethal numbers of certain bacterial species greatly enhanced the infectivity of Fusobacterium necrophorum. A severe F. necrophorum infection in mice, cured with metronidazole, produced significant though slight resistance, which was demonstrable by challenge with a minute dose of F. necrophorum (less than 20 organisms) suspended in a sub-lethal dose of Escherichia coli (300 x 10(6) organisms) to enhance fusobacterial infectivity. In an earlier comparable experiment, challenge with F. necrophorum alone, in necessarily large doses (greater than or equal to 3 x 10(6) organisms), failed to demonstrate that a single cured fusobacterial infection gave rise to resistance; such an infection neither protected against the fatal necrobacillosis produced by challenge nor prolonged survival. A sub-lethal E. coli infection was also shown by challenge with a minute dose of F. necrophorum (less than 10 organisms), suspended in a sub-lethal dose of E. coli (152 x 10(6) organisms), to produce significant though slight protection against necrobacillosis. The degrees of resistance demonstrated were too slight to give any encouragement to the prospect of an effective necrobacillosis vaccine.
Heart block in mice overexpressing calcineurin but not NF-AT3 (2004)

The prolonged ventricular refractoriness, seen only in calcineurin hearts, impinges on Wenckebach cycle length resulting in heart block and is associated with propensity to ventricular tachycardia.
Study on the third-party audit in cloud storage service (2011)

Cloud computing, emerging as a new scheme, makes adjustment for the utilization of available resources by using certain service mode. As one of the wide application services in cloud computing, cloud storage provides data storage and business access externally. The remote mode of service provision will inevitably come up against security problems and furthermore these problems will bring in crisis of confidence to the development of cloud computing services. That is bound to impede the wide application of cloud computing services due to the lack of necessary reliability. Analysis for the essence of these problems indicates that the introduction of an external trusted third-party audit (TPA) mechanism is important and indispensable for the protection of data security and the reliability of services. This paper mainly reviews and analyzes the problems occurring in current development of cloud storage. Besides, we also focus on analyzing the problems caused by introduction of the TPA in more details and exploring the application prospects and solutions for the TPA mechanism in cloud storage. Inspired by the research work, we propose the idea of a file-sharing system, which is built on top of our service delivery platform, with the TPA mechanism deployed, and discuss the assurance of reliability for the system.