gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric-filled waveguide antenna array for millimeter-wave communications (2017)

In this work, the concept of dielectric-filled waveguide antenna array operating at 71-76 GHz is studied. The developed prototype consists of air-filled to dielectric-filled waveguide transition, dielectric filled power divider, and four dielectric radiating elements. The idea behind using dielectric-filled components is to minimize feeding waveguide structure dimensions in order to have a spacing of half a wavelength between the radiating elements. This helps to reduce the grating lobes and it can be possible to integrate phase shifters since there is enough space between the elements. Such antenna structure is a light-weight and low cost in manufacturing. The simulation results show that such antenna array has 11.4 dBi gain with 23.6° half power beamwidth.
Structural investigation on phenyl‐ and pyridin‐2‐ylamino(methylene)naphthalen‐2(3<i>H</i>)‐one. Substituent effects on the NMR chemical shifts (2010)

Schiff bases bearing phenyl and pyridyl groups were synthesized by condensation of appropriate amines with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde. These Schiff bases were obtained as colored crystalline solids. The proton NMR spectra of these compounds showed a doublet for the NH protons indicating a keto tautomer for these Schiff bases. The pyridyl-substituted Schiff bases containing hydroxyl moiety were found to show the most downfield shift for the NH protons in DMSO solvent, and this was rationalized due to the formation of a six- and five-membered ring using hydrogen bonds for these two compounds. Correspondingly, the olefinic proton of the Schiff bases is also found to be a doublet due to coupling to the amine proton. These Schiff bases exhibited thermochromic properties. Detailed NMR spectral analysis for both the phenyl- and pyridyl-substituted Schiff bases is presented.
Ripple minimizing digital controller for flying capacitor dc-dc converters based on dynamic mode levels switching (2017)

This paper introduces a new control method for dc-dc flying capacitor multi-level converters. Depending on the operating conditions, introduced controller dynamically changes the number of operating converter's levels to minimize the output inductor current ripple improving power processing efficiency. For the converters with a narrow conversion range this controller also allows for a significant reduction of the inductor. The effectiveness of this control method is demonstrated on a 5-level dc-dc converter example, which number of levels is dynamically varied between 5 and 4 depending on the required conversion ratio. Experimental results obtained with wide input 12 V-36 V, wide output voltage 1 V-12 V/5 A, 2.5 MHz experimental prototype are showing up to a 25% lower losses compared to the 5-level converter operating in the conventional mode.
Repeated Water Entry Shocks on High-Speed Planing Boats. (1995)

Abstract : The occupants of high-speed planing boats (HSPBs) are exposed to repeated shock impacts that result from hull slamming during operations in rough water. The development and application of injury/performance prediction methods and standards to HSPB operation are discussed. Tests conducted at sea to quantify repeated shocks are described and results are presented. The applicability of scale model tests and the development of computer simulations are discussed. Relationships between test data and existing and proposed standards and models for injury potential are discussed. Recommendations for additional testing and development are presented.
Three-dimensional memory module (1998)

Demand has recently increased for high packaging density and memory capacity of memory modules for electronic equipment. The new three-dimensional memory module satisfies this demand. This module has almost the same size as single memory packages [thin small outline packages (TSOPs): 17.4/spl times/9.22/spl times/1.2 mm] currently being used, and a package density four times as large. Electrical performance is better than that of TSOP's because the length of the wires is about half that of the TSOP's wires. Moreover, the cost of fabrication of this module is low. This paper reports the module's characteristics and fabrication process. The design concept is that next-generation memory devices will be produced by using current mass-produced memory devices.
Silver clusters as the active sites for surface enhanced Raman scattering (1987)

We propose that the active sites for resonant Raman scattering on Ag are small positively charged Ag clusters. These are stabilized by the ‘‘special’’ surface treatments that have been shown to produce the largest efficiencies for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We present a summary of our arguments which are based on low energy data and a dynamical calculation for vibrational energies of the clusters.
Improving fairness by carrier load balancing in relay enhanced systems (2011)

In this paper we consider joint utilization of two techniques proposed for the next generation of wireless communication systems, i.e. relaying and multi-carrier operation. Resource partitioning between user and relay links, as well as configuration of relay cells is discussed. The problem of optimum allocation of resources from the available component carriers is analyzed from the end user performance point of view. In this paper the centralized network configuration scheme is utilized, i.e. the macro station controls resource assignment for all types of stations and links within its coverage area. For this scheme several carrier load balancing methods are investigated. The methods differ in criteria included in the decision process, starting from a purely random allocation and extending to a joint signal quality and load oriented approach. The methods are evaluated first by means of theoretical estimations, and later by system level simulations. The evaluations are done in the direction of two performance metrics, namely mean user throughput and uniformity of user throughputs across network. The conclusion from the conducted analysis is that most of the advanced balancing methods (i.e. not blind random) can provided significant performance uniformity improvements in the order of 10%, as well as mean performance gains of 2%. We note that in practical implementation, the selection of a specific method should also be based on the availability of required measurements.
Combined decision-feedback multiuser detection/soft-decision decoding for CDMA channels (2002)

This paper evaluates the performance of decision-feedback multiuser detectors with coding for CDMA channels. A combined multiuser detection/soft-decision Viterbi decoding scheme is proposed (for asynchronous CDMA channels with convolutional coding) which allows total control over the reliability of decision-feedback mechanism. Its performance is compared to that of conventional detection and linear-decorrelation detection with soft-decision decoding. Simulation and analysis is undertaken for synchronous CDMA channels. It is found that the scheme works very well especially for weak users and when multiuser interference is large. However, strong users do not gain much with this scheme over a linear-decorrelation detector.
The Effect of Alpha 1-Antitrypsin on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Lung Transplantation (2012)

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a severe complication in lung transplantation characterized by inflammation, alveolar damage, and hypoxemia. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), a protease inhibitor, is currently used clinically for the treatment of A1AT deficiency emphysema. A1AT has been shown to have the potential to reduce IR injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. We hypothesized that A1AT will ameliorate IR injury through these effects. We tested A1AT in two models of IR: a cell culture model of simulated lung transplantation and a rat in situ pulmonary ligation model. In cell culture, we found that A1AT exerts its protective effects by inhibiting cell death and inflammatory cytokine release in a dose-dependent manner. In the rat pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion model, we found that A1AT improved lung function by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. There is potential for future application of A1AT in the treatment of IR injury in lung transplantation.
Interaction of guided Lamb waves with an asymmetrically located delamination in a laminated composite plate (2010)

Propagation of the primary anti-symmetric Lamb mode (Ao) in an asymmetrically delaminated cross-ply laminate has been studied through both numerical simulations and experiments employing the air coupled ultrasonic technique. When the Ao mode interacts with the entrance and the exit of an asymmetrically located delamination, in addition to Ao, a mode converted to the primary symmetric Lamb mode (So) also propagates in each of the two sub-laminates as well as the main laminate. These Lamb modes propagate independently in each of the sub-laminates. In addition, turning modes (i.e. the mode propagating in one sub-laminate interacts with delamination edge and starts propagating in the other sub-laminate) and a mode converted turning mode (a new mode is generated during the interaction of turning mode with delamination edge) were also observed in the numerical simulation. The presence of the 'mode converted turning modes' was also validated through the experiments in this study.
Molecular and clinical analyses of the gene encoding the collagen-binding adhesin of Streptococcus mutans (2009)

Streptococcus mutans is a known pathogen of dental caries and its major cell surface antigens have been widely investigated. Recently, an approximately 120 kDa Cnm protein with binding properties to type I collagen was identified, and its encoding gene (cnm) cloned and sequenced. In the present study, we sequenced cnm from 47 different clinical S. mutans strains and found that the nucleotide alignment of the collagen-binding domain was well conserved. We devised a PCR method for identifying the cnm gene, examined the prevalence of cnm-positive S. mutans strains in various mother-child groups, and assessed the significance of such strains for transmission and dental caries. The detection rate of cnm-positive strains was significantly lower in strains isolated from Japanese children in the 2000s (8.0 %) as compared to those isolated in the 1980s (15.8 %) (P<0.05). Furthermore, the presence of S. mutans possessing cnm in salivary specimens collected from 55 S. mutans-positive mother-child pairs was 40 and 32.7 % in the mothers and children, respectively. The frequency of cnm-positive children whose mothers were also positive was 72 %, which was significantly higher than that of cnm-positive children with negative mothers (P<0.0001, odds ratio 17.5). In addition, clinical parameters indicating dental caries were significantly increased in children with cnm-positive S. mutans in saliva (n=13), as compared to those with cnm-negative S. mutans (n=15) and S. mutans-negative children (n=20) (P<0.01). These results indicate that cnm-positive S. mutans strains are closely correlated with dental caries, while vertical transmission in cnm-positive mother-child pairs was also demonstrated.
The Relationship of Respiratory Infections in Early Childhood to the Occurrence of Increased Levels of Bronchial Responsiveness and Atopy (1985)

We assessed the relationship of antecedent acute respiratory illness to the occurrence of airway responsiveness and atopy in a population-based cohort of 194 children 12 to 16 yr of age from East Boston, Massachusetts. A history of croup or bronchiolitis as reported by their parents was determined at study onset when the children were 5 to 9 yr of age. During the second and third years of the study, acute respiratory illness was assessed. Five years after the prospective respiratory illness assessment, airway responsiveness was evaluated with eucapneic hyperpnea to subfreezing air, and atopy was evaluated with skin tests to 4 environmental antigens. Both a prior history of croup of bronchiolitis (OR = 2.29, p = 0.04) and greater than 2 acute lower respiratory illnesses (OR = 3.72, p = 0.012) were associated with increased levels of airway responsiveness. Neither index of respiratory illness experience was related to the presence of atopy. However, maternal cigarette smoking was significantly associated with atopy in these children (OR = 2.24, p = 0.02). These data suggest that respiratory illness in early life is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness as measured later in childhood. The data further suggest the need for longitudinal studies to better assess the etiologic role of these potential risk factors.
In-memory BLU acceleration in IBM's DB2 and dashDB: Optimized for modern workloads and hardware architectures (2015)

Although the DRAM for main memories of systems continues to grow exponentially according to Moore's Law and to become less expensive, we argue that memory hierarchies will always exist for many reasons, both economic and practical, and in particular due to concurrent users competing for working memory to perform joins and grouping. We present the in-memory BLU Acceleration used in IBM's DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows, and now also the dashDB cloud offering, which was designed and implemented from the ground up to exploit main memory but is not limited to what fits in memory and does not require manual management of what to retain in memory, as its competitors do. In fact, BLU Acceleration views memory as too slow, and is carefully engineered to work in higher levels of the system cache by keeping the data encoded and packed densely into bit-aligned vectors that can exploit SIMD instructions in processing queries. To achieve scalable multi-core parallelism, BLU assigns to each thread independent data structures, or partitions thereof, designed to have low synchronization costs, and doles out batches of values to threads. On customer workloads, BLU has improved performance on complex analytics queries by 10 to 50 times, compared to the legacy row-organized run-time, while also significantly simplifying database administration, shortening time to value, and improving data compression. UPDATE and DELETE performance was improved by up to 112 times with the new Cancun release of DB2 with BLU Acceleration, which also added Shadow Tables for high performance on mixed OLTP and BI analytics workloads, and extended DB2's High Availability Disaster Recovery (HADR) and SQL compatibility features to BLU's column-organized tables.
Electrospun Fiber Pads of Cellulose Acetate and Essential Oils with Antimicrobial Activity (2017)

The method of electrospinning was used to create nanofibers made of cellulose acetate (CA) and essential oils (EOs). CA polymer at 15% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> was dissolved in acetone and then 1% or 5% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> of EOs was added to the polymer solution. The utilized essential oils were rosemary and oregano oils. Then, the CA/EOs in acetone solution were electrospun, creating micro/nanofibers, approximately 700-1500 nm in diameter. Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the attachment of the EOs in the CA electrospun fibers (ESFs). Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology, topography and dimensions of the ESFs. The formed CA/EOs ESFs are found to have good antimicrobial properties against three common microbial species, frequently found in difficult to treat infections: Bacteria species <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, Escherichia coli and the yeast <i>Candida albicans</i>. ESFs with 5% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> oregano oil with respect to the initial solution, showed the best antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects due to the potency of this EO against bacteria and fungi, especially for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i>. This work describes an effective and simple method to prepare CA/EOs ESFs and opens up many new applications of micro/nanofibers such as improved antimicrobial wound dressings, anti-biofilm surfaces, sensors and packaging alternatives.
Dye‐ligand membranes as selective adsorbents for rapid purification of enzymes: A case study (1992)

A new adsorbent for the selective binding of enzymes, in the form of microporous membranes carrying triazine dyes as pseudo-affinity ligand, has been implemented in the recovery of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast. A detailed investigation of the process parameters has been performed. In the adsorption step, the contact time for binding G6PDH could be reduced down to 0.25 s without significant decrease of the capture efficiency. Hence, fast filtration allowed to isolate G6PDH from a dilute extract (1.6 mug G6PDH . mL(-1)), where the enzyme accounted for 1% of the proteins. The yield of the selective elution step using NADP was only 70% at best. It could be improved to near 100% by supplementing the eluent with ethylene glycol, without loss of selectivity. A Scale-up of the cross-section of the membrane by a factor of 40 allowed to purify 1140 U from 0.6 L extract from 1% to 57% purity with 82% yield, within 10 minutes. The case study presented here demonstrates the applicability of general-purpose membrane adsorbents for the purification of enzymes.
Phosphate Equilibria in Soils in Relation to Added P, Sesbania aculeata Incorporation and Cropping - A Study of Solubility Relationships (1993)

Laboratory and field experiments were conducled on ten soils varying in pH and calcium carbonate content. A significant lowering of phosphate potential was observed after application of 36 mg phosphate kg−1 and incorporation of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) into the soils. Lime potential was only slightly affected. Phosphorus solubility is other indicated an under-saturation with respect to octocalcium phosphate in most of the neutral and alkaline soils while the acid soils appeared to be in equilibrium with strengite. After cropping, more stable P compounds were found in the untreated soils. Cropping depleted the less stable P compounds resulting in the persistence of less soluble P compounds compared to incubated samples in the absence of plants. Less stable P compounds persisted in the phosphate treated soils. The effect of incorporation of sesbania was only marginal.
A Comparison of Mutation Analysis Tools for Java (2013)

Mutation analysis allows software developers to evaluate the quality of a test suite. The quality is measured as the ability of the test suite to detect faults injected into the program under tests. A fault is detected if at least one test case gives different results on the original program and the fault injected one. Mutation tools aim at automating and speeding both the generation of fault injected variants, called mutants, and the execution of the test suite on those mutants. In this paper, we aim at offering meaningful elements of comparison between mutation tools for Java for different usage profiles.
Hierarchical Control of Dry Clutch for Engine-Start Process in a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2016)

Engine start is an important process for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), during which the electric motor (EM) must simultaneously provide driver’s demand torque and engine-start torque via an engine-disconnect clutch. Therefore, the performance of dynamic and comfort, the engine-start time, and the sliding power of clutch are all supposed to be considered in the control of engine start. This paper introduces a parallel HEV equipped with an automatic dry clutch using an electromechanical actuator, and proposes a hierarchical control method to control the engine start. As upper layer of the controller, a linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control is used to obtain the required torque of EM and clutch based on the current states of the vehicle and engine. As lower layer, a double closed-loop control method is proposed to control the clutch transmitting required torque, which contains a fuzzy controller (FC) as an outer loop and a modified predictive functional controller (mPFC) as an inner loop. Meanwhile, considering the difficulties in measurement of load torque of a running vehicle and actual transmitted torque of a dry clutch, two Kalman filters (KFs) are designed to observe them. Simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK and hardware-in-loop (HIL) tests were carried out, of which the results show that the hierarchical control method has a satisfying performance.
Supersonic Ejector-Diffuser Theory and Experiments (1982)

Abstract : Only some general conclusions will be drawn in this section since specific conclusions were included in the foregoing sections. The conclusions are: (1) The constant-area ejector flow model and computer program should be adopted as the basis for design and system studies. This model most realistically predicts the operational characteristics of ejector systems. The relationship and correspondence between variable-area and constant-area mixing tube ejectors should be established by both experiment and analysis. (2) The analysis of variable-area mixing-tube ejectors should be continued. (3) The design of potential high-performance ejectors must improve mixing and momentum transfer; some designs with potential are: unsteady flow, periodic pulsating flow, resonance phenomena, and/or various nozzle and mixing-tube geometries. (4) The computer models developed in this study should be augmented and incorporated into an overall system program and further improvement of sub-system models should be continued.
Studies on amino acid inhibition of monosaccharide exit from anuran small intestinal epithelium. (1979)

1. The effect of the addition of amino acids to the intestinal lumen upon the movement of the monosaccharide alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (alpha MG) from the preloaded epithelium into the blood and into the lumen of the vascularly perfused frog small intestine has been studied. 2. The neutral hydrophobic amino acids tryptophan, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, valine, norleucine and cycloleucine all rapidly inhibit the exit of alpha MG out of the epithelium into the vascular bed. They stimulate backflux of the sugar from the epithelium into the lumen to a very much smaller extent. 3. L-Leucine is a more effective inhibitor of alpha MG exit into the blood than is D-leucine. Near-maximal inhibition of alpha MG exit is seen with 10 mM-L-leucine in the intestinal lumen. 4. The addition of leucine (10 mM) to the lumen of the intestine preloaded with alpha MG approximately halves the rate constant for alpha MG washout into the blood from 12.6 +/- 1.7 (4) x 10(-3) to 5.5 +/- 1.4 (4) x 10(-3) min-1, without appreciably altering the pool of monosaccharide in the tissue. The inhibitory effect of L-leucine upon alpha MG exit into the blood is not abolished by the presence of phlorizin (5 x 10(-5) M) in the intestinal lumen. 5. The complex pattern of inhibition of alpha MG transfer from the lumen to the blood observed upon the addition of L-leucine to the lumen is consistent with the finding that the amino acid inhibits the exit of the monosaccharide out of the epithelium into the blood in addition to any inhibitory effect upon sugar entry across the brush border. 6. It is suggested that alpha MG may be a substrate for a proposed transport system for neutral hydrophobic amino acids which, it is suggested, is present in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell.