gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Absorption of Rifamycin SV MMX Administered as Modified-Release Tablets in Healthy Volunteers (2011)

The new oral 200-mg rifamycin SV MMX modified-release tablets, designed to deliver rifamycin SV directly into the colonic lumen, offer considerable advantages over the existing immediate-release antidiarrheic formulations. In two pharmacokinetics studies of healthy volunteers, the absorption, urinary excretion, and fecal elimination of rifamycin SV after single- and multiple-dose regimens of the new formulation were investigated. Concentrations in plasma of >2 ng/ml were infrequently and randomly quantifiable after single and multiple oral doses. The systemic exposure to rifamycin SV after single and multiple oral doses of MMX tablets under fasting and fed conditions or following a four-times-a-day (q.i.d.) or a twice-a-day (b.i.d.) regimen could be considered negligible. With both oral regimens, the drug was confirmed to be very poorly absorbable systemically. The amount of systemically absorbed antibiotic excreted by the renal route is far lower than 0.01% of the administered dose after both the single- and multiple-dose regimens. The absolute bioavailability, calculated as the mean percent ratio between total urinary excretion amounts (ΣXu) after a single intravenous injection and after a single oral dose under fasting conditions, was 0.0410±0.0617. The total elimination of the unchanged rifamycin SV with feces was 87% of the administered oral dose. No significant effect of rifamycin SV on vital signs, electrocardiograms, or laboratory parameters was observed.
Importance of Calcar Comminution and Screw Length in Proximal Humerus Fractures Treated With Locking Plate Fixation (2008)

While proximal humerus fractures are relatively infrequent and the majority are amenable to non-operative treatment, open reduction with internal fixation remains a surgical mainstay [1,2]. With the advent of locking fixation, the majority of proximal humerus fractures requiring surgery are treated with locking plates. Biomechanical studies have demonstrated that locked plating is superior to intramedullary fixation, conventional or blade plating in two and three part proximal humerus fractures [3,4]. Despite the increased stability and use of locking fixation, loss of reduction remains a post-operative problem in osteoporotic bone with comminuted fractures [5]. Presently we hypothesized that: 1) Medial comminution of the calcar region is a determinant of fracture and fixation stability; and 2) Greater stability and increased resistance to varus deformity is gained through use of locking screws that cross the inferior surgical neck and penetrate the humeral head, i.e., the calcar region of the humerus.
Canavan disease: Biochemical and molecular studies (1993)

Deficiency of the enzyme aspartoacylase and the accumulation of N-acetylaspartic acid lead to a severe leukodystrophy and spongy degeneration of the brain, Canavan disease (McKusick 271900). Since our discovery in 1988 of the defect in Canavan disease, 144 patients with Canavan disease have been diagnosed in our laboratory. Most of these children are of Ashkenazi Jewish extraction. The level of enzyme activity can be used for carrier testing. Prenatal diagnosis has been difficult using the enzyme assay owing to the low activity of aspartoacylase in cultured chorionic villus samples or amniocytes. The determination of N-acetylaspartic acid in the amniotic fluid is another parameter for diagnosis; however, the levels may not always be elevated. Bovine and human aspartoacylase have been purified in our laboratory. Bovine and human cDNA and genomic clones have been isolated and six exons have been localized. This information is being used for the study of Canavan disease at the molecular level.
A high-resolution pulse-Doppler underwater acoustic navigation system (1976)

A high-resolution underwater acoustic pulse-Doppler navigation system has been developed and tested at sea. The system provides continuous, highly accurate tracking of underwater and ocean-surface platforms in a fixed 50-km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> navigation net. Three reference buoys, moored 20 m from the ocean bottom, provide the navigation net used by shipboard processing equipment. Each reference buoy contains an acoustic transponder, used to obtain the acoustic travel times from the transponder to the platform, and a continuous-tone beacon, used to obtain the Doppler shift due to platform motion. The system is capable of determining the position of a platform with respect to the reference net with an error of 2-3 m. The relative position of the platform on a fix-to-fix basis can be determined within several centimeters over short time intervals ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\approx 10</tex> min).
Characterization and evaluation of a flexible MRI receive coil array for radiation therapy MR treatment planning using highly decoupled RF circuits (2018)

The growth in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning has been facilitated by scanner hardware and software advances that have enabled RT patients to be imaged in treatment position while providing morphologic and functional assessment of tumor volumes and surrounding normal tissues. Despite these advances, manufacturers have been slow to develop radiofrequency (RF) coils that closely follow the contour of a RT patient undergoing MR imaging. Instead, relatively large form surface coil arrays have been adapted from diagnostic imaging. These arrays can be challenging to place on, and in general do not conform to the patient's body habitus, resulting in sub optimal image quality. The purpose of this study is to report on the characterization of a new flexible and highly decoupled RF coil for use in MR imaging of RT patients. Coil performance was evaluated by performing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise correlation measurements using two coil (SNR) and four coil (noise correlation) element combinations as a function of coil overlap distance and comparing these values to those obtained using conventional coil elements. In vivo testing was performed in both normal volunteers and patients using a four and 16 element RF coil. Phantom experiments demonstrate the highly decoupled nature of the new coil elements when compared to conventional RF coils, while in vivo testing demonstrate that these coils can be integrated into extremely flexible and form fitting substrates that follow the exact contour of the patient. The new coil design addresses limitations imposed by traditional surface coil arrays and have the potential to significantly impact MR imaging for both diagnostic and RT applications.
Cross‐Linked Resistant Starch: Preparation and Properties (2002)

ABSTRACT Resistant starches (RS) were prepared by phosphorylation of wheat, waxy wheat, corn, waxy corn, high‐amylose corn, oat, rice, tapioca, mung bean, banana, and potato starches in aqueous slurry (≈33% starch solids, w/w) with 1–19% (starch basis) of a 99:1 (w/w) mixture of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at pH 10.5–12.3 and 25–70°C for 0.5–24 hr with sodium sulfate or sodium chloride at 0–20% (starch basis). The RS 4 products contain ≤100% dietary fiber when assayed with the total dietary fiber method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). In vitro digestion of four RS 4 wheat starches showed they contained 13–22% slowly digestible starch (SDS) and 36–66% RS. However after gelatinization, RS levels fell by 7–25% of ungelatinized levels, while SDS levels remained nearly the same. The cross‐linked RS 4 starches were distinguished from native starches by elevated phosphorus levels, low swelling powers (≈3g/g) at 95°C, insolubilities (<1%) in 1 M potassium hydroxide or 95% dimethyl sulfoxide, and increased temperatures and decreased enthalpies of gelatinization measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
Efficient elliptic curve parallel scalar multiplication methods (2013)

In this paper we compare the computational complexity of two parallel scalar multiplication methods used to speed up scalar multiplications for Elliptic Curve Cryptography applications. Pre-computations are advantageous only when the elliptic curve point is fixed. However, during secure communication sessions using either public keys or digital signatures, the elliptic curve point depends on the public key of the communicating entities and is therefore session dependent. Hence, a second method that replaces pre-computations with some post-computations, allows the pre-computation overhead to be distributed amongst parallel processors. Thus scalar multiplication can be computed more efficiently using the post-computation method in the more typical case where the elliptic curve point is variable.
H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-Responsive Vesicles Integrated with Transcutaneous Patches for Glucose-Mediated Insulin Delivery (2017)

A self-regulated "smart" insulin administration system would be highly desirable for diabetes management. Here, a glucose-responsive insulin delivery device, which integrates H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-responsive polymeric vesicles (PVs) with a transcutaneous microneedle-array patch was prepared to achieve a fast response, excellent biocompatibility, and painless administration. The PVs are self-assembled from block copolymer incorporated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phenylboronic ester (PBE)-conjugated polyserine (designated mPEG-b-P(Ser-PBE)) and loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) and insulin. The polymeric vesicles function as both moieties of the glucose sensing element (GOx) and the insulin release actuator to provide basal insulin release as well as promote insulin release in response to hyperglycemic states. In the current study, insulin release responds quickly to elevated glucose and its kinetics can be modulated by adjusting the concentration of GOx loaded into the microneedles. In vivo testing indicates that a single patch can regulate glucose levels effectively with reduced risk of hypoglycemia.
A Single-Switch Valley-Fill Power-Factor-Corrected Electronic Ballast for Compact Fluorescent Lightings With Improved Lamp Current Crest Factor (2013)

Although compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have been on the market for a long time, many of them do not achieve the same power factor as the incandescent lamps do, which presents a significant problem for the utility with the current widespread use of CFLs for household lightings. A simple single-switch electronic ballast with passive valley-fill power factor correction is proposed in this paper for CFL application. The proposed single-switch ballast circuit is able to achieve zero current switching to maximize the circuit efficiency. A simple feedback circuit with duty ratio control is also proposed to improve the high lamp current crest factor caused by the valley-fill circuit. Detailed descriptions and analysis of the circuit operating principles are provided in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are given on a 13-W CFL tube from Osram Sylvania to highlight the merits of the proposed work.
Secure CNN Accelerator (2020)

Deep learning techniques like Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) are nowadays very popular in applications like object detection, semantic segmentation etc. The differentiation among various CNN based solutions come mainly from training data, which gets translated to CNN model parameters. The traditional approach to secure the model by decoupling cryptography from inference has inherent disadvantages of higher boot time, possible DRAM snooping attack and complexity in working with multiple vendors on given SoC. This paper presents novel architecture to overcome these limitations by just-in-time decryption. The proposed solution uses novel techniques namely encryption of intermediate tensors, dynamic block chaining of tensors & weight and hardware key management. The proposed solution is designed and simulated for 28 nm silicon process node running at 600 MHz with synthesis area of ~1 mm2 confirming removal of mentioned limitations of traditional solutions.
Reduction in timing jitter for a Cr:YAG Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (2010)

To address the issue of pulse-to-pulse timing jitter in a passively Q-switched Cr:YAG/Nd:YAG laser, we have developed a technique for optical triggering, where the energy from a single bar diode was used to bleach a thin sheet within the Cr:YAG saturable absorber from a direction orthogonal to the lasing axis. A strong anisotropy for bleaching effect was observed; with appropriate polarization of the bleaching light the transmission through the saturable absorber was increased from 45% to 63%. This technique was applied to a monolithic Cr:YAG/Nd:YAG laser operating under steady state conditions. By placing the Q-switched pulse at the time corresponding to the steepest slope for change in transmission during bleaching, which occurs ~1μs after the bleaching diode trigger, we measured an 12.5X reduction in the pulse-to-pulse timing jitter, from 100ns for free running operation to 8ns with optical triggering.
Control of γ′ morphologyin nickel base superalloys through alloy design and densification processing under electric field (1994)

The design and development of the future generation of nickel base superalloys for the demanding environments of rocket engines should be based on the metallurgical and structural characteristics of the γ′ phase. The distinctive features of this phase (e.g. strength, stability, size, shape, amount, distribution, uniformity, and order) can be controlled when a superalloy is appropriately designed and subsequently processed by an innovative solidification processing method. This concept has been successfully applied in the design and development of a superalloy. The resulting microstructure is almost perfect requiring no further treatment or processing.MST/1954
Combining strengths of circuit-based and CNF-based algorithms for a high-performance SAT solver (2002)

We propose Satisfiability Checking (SAT) techniques that lead to a consistent performance improvement of up to 3x over state-of-the-art SAT solvers like Chaff on important problem domains in VLSI CAD. We observe that in circuit oriented applications like ATPG and verification, different software engineering techniques are required for the portions of the formula corresponding to learnt clauses compared to the original formula. We demonstrate that by employing the same innovations as in advanced CNF-based SAT solvers, but in a hybrid approach where these two portions of the formula are represented differently and processed separately, it is possible to obtain the consistently highest performing SAT solver for circuit oriented problem domains. We also present controlled experiments to highlight where these gains come from. Once it is established that the hybrid approach is faster, it becomes possible to apply low overhead circuit-based heuristics that would be unavailable in the CNF domain for greater speedup.
PrivIdEx: Privacy Preserving and Secure Exchange of Digital Identity Assets. (2019)

User's digital identity information has privacy and security requirements. Privacy requirements include confidentiality of the identity information itself, anonymity of those who verify and consume a user's identity information and unlinkability of online transactions which involve a user's identity. Security requirements include correctness, ownership assurance and prevention of counterfeits of a user's identity information. Such privacy and security requirements, although conflicting, are critical for identity management systems enabling the exchange of users' identity information between different parties during the execution of online transactions. Addressing all such requirements, without a centralized party managing the identity exchange transactions, raises several challenges. This paper presents a decentralized protocol for privacy preserving exchange of users' identity information addressing such challenges. The proposed protocol leverages advances in blockchain and zero knowledge proof technologies, as the main building blocks. We provide prototype implementations of the main building blocks of the protocol and assess its performance and security.
Ultra-broadband fiber optical parametric amplifier pumped by chirped pulses (2014)

We numerically and experimentally demonstrate ultra-broadband fiber optical parametric amplification in a microstructured fiber pumped by stretched short pulses. The chirped pump pulse induces a temporally spread spectral gain suitable for optical parametric chirped pulse amplification in fibers. Numerical simulation shows ~45 dB flat gain with more than 70 nm bandwidth, allowing sub-35 fs pulse amplification around 1 μm with reduced gain narrowing. This amplification principle is experimentally confirmed by measuring the instantaneous spectral gain band and related chirp.
Detection of Early-Stage Enterprise Infection by Mining Large-Scale Log Data (2014)

Recent years have seen the rise of more sophisticated attacks including advanced persistent threats (APTs) which pose severe risks to organizations and governments by targeting confidential proprietary information. Additionally, new malware strains are appearing at a higher rate than ever before. Since many of these malware are designed to evade existing security products, traditional defenses deployed by most enterprises today, e.g., anti-virus, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, often fail at detecting infections at an early stage. We address the problem of detecting early-stage infection in an enterprise setting by proposing a new framework based on belief propagation inspired from graph theory. Belief propagation can be used either with "seeds" of compromised hosts or malicious domains (provided by the enterprise security operation center -- SOC) or without any seeds. In the latter case we develop a detector of C&C communication particularly tailored to enterprises which can detect a stealthy compromise of only a single host communicating with the C&C server. We demonstrate that our techniques perform well on detecting enterprise infections. We achieve high accuracy with low false detection and false negative rates on two months of anonymized DNS logs released by Los Alamos National Lab (LANL), which include APT infection attacks simulated by LANL domain experts. We also apply our algorithms to 38TB of real-world web proxy logs collected at the border of a large enterprise. Through careful manual investigation in collaboration with the enterprise SOC, we show that our techniques identified hundreds of malicious domains overlooked by state-of-the-art security products.
Measurement method for profiling the residual stress of an optical fiber: detailed analysis of off-focusing and beam-deflection effects (2003)

The effects of off-focusing and beam deflection on polarimetric stress measurements of optical fibers are investigated. A simple method for reducing the distortion of the phase retardation caused by unwanted beam deflections in residual stress measurement is introduced. The method is examined numerically by ray-tracing techniques and experimentally by use of hollow silica fibers into which various index-matching liquids have been inserted. An autofocusing technique is introduced. The error in stress measurement reproducibility was determined to be less than 4%. We tested the absolute error in measured stress by applying incremental external tension and determined that it is less than 0.464 MPa.
<title>Distinguishing cast shadow boundaries from abrupt object boundaries via edge detection</title> (1992)

Distinguishing shadow boundaries from object boundaries is a difficult task for machine vision systems. A new edge detector is presented which produces qualitatively distinguishable edge signals at shadow penumbras and abrupt object edges. The detector requires the use of spatially extended light sources and sufficient video resolution to resolve the shadow penumbras of interest. A novel approach to high frequency noise suppression is employed which requires no image-dependent adjustment of signal thresholds. The ability of the operator to distinguish shadow penumbras from abrupt object boundaries while suppressing responses to high frequency noise and texture is illustrated with a number of video images. Similarities between this approach and the perception of shadow boundaries by the human visual system are discussed.
Structure and properties during aging of an Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy, Weldalite (tm) 049 (1991)

An Al-Cu-Li-Ag-Mg alloy, Weldalite (trademark) 049, was recently introduced as an ultra-high strength alloy (7000 MPa yield strength in artificially aged tempers) with good weldability. In addition, the alloy exhibits an extraordinary natural aging response (440 MPa yield strength (YS) in the unstretch condition) and a high ductility reversion condition which may be useful as a cold-forming temper. In contrast to other Al-Li alloys, these properties can essentially be obtained with or without a stretch or other coldworking operation prior to aging. Preliminary studies have revealed that the T4 temper (no stretch, natural age) is strengthened by a combination of GP zones and delta prime (Al3Li). The T6 temper (no stretch, aged at 180 C to peak strength) was reported to be strengthened primarily by T(sub 1) phase (Al2CuLi) with a minor presence of a theta prime like (Al2Cu) phase. On the other hand, a similar but lower solute containing alloy was reported to contain omega, (stoichiometry unknown), theta prime, and S prime in the peak strength condition. The purpose of this study is to further elucidate the strengthening phases in Weldalite (trademark) 049 in the unstretched tempers, and to follow the development of the microstructure from the T4 temper through reversion (180 C for 5 to 45 minutes) to the T6 temper.
Column-associative caches (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Column-associative caches: a technique for reducing the miss rate of direct-mapped caches Authors: Anant Agarwal View Profile , Stephen D. Pudar View Profile Authors Info & Claims ISCA '93: Proceedings of the 20th annual international symposium on computer architectureJune 1993 Pages 179–190https://doi.org/10.1145/165123.165153Published:01 May 1993Publication History 133citation1,648DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations133Total Downloads1,648Last 12 Months108Last 6 weeks19 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Speech Pattern Element Stimulation in Electrical Hearing (1984)

A sensation of hearing is provided for the otherwise totally deaf adult by the use of an electrode arrangement, placed external to the cochlea, which provides only larynx frequency speech pattern information. This is normally obtained by acoustic analysis and is presented so that, although its pattern is preserved, its physical form is matched to the patient's auditory capacity. Speech-receptive improvement has been shown using interactive synthetic speech techniques, video-recorded lipreading tests, and interactive conversational-type presentations. Speech production skills are also enhanced by self-monitoring, and examples of voice range improvement and jitter reduction are given. The particular electrode system used is especially suitable for promontory stimulation in adult patients without a tympanic membrane. The work as a whole is relevant, however, to the design of other conservative prostheses for both deaf adults and children.