gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EL MERCADO CRECIENTE DE LAS MASCOTAS EN MÉXICO: BENEFICIOS Y OPORTUNIDAD DE NEGOCIOS (2022)

Durante 2011, México ocupó el cuarto lugar a nivel mundial en tanto el número de mascotas; y para 2013 ya existía un incremento en los nego­cios relacionados con artículos para mascotas como alimentos, accesorios, ropa, servicio de peluquería, etc. Dicho fenómeno motivó a la autora para realizar este estudio con el fin de conocer que ventajas obtienen las personas al tener mascotas. Para realizarlo, se basó en fuentes secundarias como revistas, periódicos, páginas Web., etc., así mismo se realizó un es­tudio de campo como fuente primaria, por medio de la aplicación de 219 encuestas. De acuerdo con el resultado del estudio de campo realizado, el 68% de los encuestados contaban con perro(s) aunque algunos convivían con una combinación de dos, tres o mayor número de mascotas. Y llamó la atención que un 82% expresaron tener familias con un número mayor a tres miembros. Estos fenómenos permiten interpretar que en México la causa de la adopción de las mascotas no es solamente por soledad sino por compañía y llegan a ser considerados como un miembro más de la familia, para dar y recibir afecto independientemente al nivel socioeconómico de la vivienda, aunque algunos estudiosos expresaron que las mascotas benefi­cian principalmente a los ancianos, los solitarios y los enfermos”.
Theory and Analytical Solutions to Coupled Processes of Transport and Deformation in Dual-Porosity Dual-Permeability Poro-Chemo-Electro-Elastic Media (2018)

The linear theory of dual-porosity and dual-permeability poro-chemo-electro-elasticity is presented. The theory outlines the dual-continuum formulation of multiple coupled processes involving solid deformation, pore fluid flow, and electrically charged species transport, within and in between two coexisting porosity systems of a fluid-saturated, poro-elastic medium. The described formulation is used to derive the analytical solutions to the inclined wellbore problem and axisymmetric Mandel-Type problem of dual-porosity, dual-permeability poro-chemo-electro-elasticity. The effects of chemical and electrical potentials on the distributions of stress and pore pressure are demonstrated by numerical examples pertaining to the considered problems. It is shown that the fully coupled nature of the solutions rigorously captures the seemingly anomalous time variations of the effective stress as driven by the pore fluid pressure disturbances, as well as the distribution and movement of anions/cations within the dual-porosity porous medium. The existing subset of published solutions on the subject is successfully reproduced as special cases of the solutions presented in this paper.
Relaxation phenomena and morphology of polyurethane block copolymers (1990)

Five types of linear segmented polyurethanes based on a low molecular weight polyester, reacted with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and extended with 1,4-butanediol (BDO), have been studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermally stimulated depolarization current method (TSDC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Different types of transitions and relaxations have been detected and related to the structure and morphology of the block copolymers studied.
Optimized Preparation of Elastically Soft, Highly Piezoelectric, Cellular Ferroelectrets from Nonvoided Poly(ethylene Terephthalate) Films (2007)

Abstract Electrically charged cellular polymer films can exhibit very high piezoelectric activity and are therefore more and more often employed in advanced electromechanical and electro‐acoustical transducers. In this paper, we report an optimized sequence of steps for preparing such ferroelectrets from commercial nonvoided poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETP) films by means of foaming with CO 2 , biaxial mechanical stretching, controlled void inflation, and bipolar electric charging. The nonvoided PETP films were foamed with supercritical CO 2 at a suitably high pressure and subsequently annealed for stabilization. The cellular foam structure was further optimized by means of well‐controlled biaxial stretching in a commercial stretcher and sometimes subsequent inflation in a pressure chamber. Bipolar electric charging of the internal voids was achieved through the application of high electric fields in an SF 6 atmosphere. The new optimized PETP ferroelectrets exhibit quite large piezoelectric coefficients up to almost 500 pC N –1 , for which unusually low elastic stiffnesses of only around 0.3 MPa are essential. The PETP‐foam ferroelectrets possess unclamped thickness‐extension resonance frequencies between approximately 120 and 250 kHz, and are thus highly suitable for several established as well as novel ultrasonic‐transducer applications.
Productive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Peripheral Blood Predominantly Takes Place in CD4/CD8 Double-Negative T Lymphocytes (2007)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription is subject to substantial fluctuation during the viral life cycle. Due to the low frequencies of HIV-1-infected cells, and because latently and productively infected cells collocate in vivo, little quantitative knowledge has been attained about the range of in vivo HIV-1 transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). By combining cell sorting, terminal dilution of intact cells, and highly sensitive, patient-specific PCR assays, we divided PBMC obtained from HIV-1-infected patients according to their degree of viral transcription activity and their cellular phenotype. Regardless of a patient's treatment status, the bulk of infected cells exhibited a CD4+ phenotype but transcribed HIV-1 provirus at low levels, presumably insufficient for virion production. Furthermore, the expression of activation markers on the surface of these CD4+ T lymphocytes showed little or no association with enhancement of viral transcription. In contrast, HIV-infected T lymphocytes of a CD4-/CD8- phenotype, occurring exclusively in untreated patients, exhibited elevated viral transcription rates. This cell type harbored a substantial proportion of all HIV RNA+ cells and intracellular viral RNAs and the majority of cell-associated virus particles. In conjunction with the observation that the HIV quasispecies in CD4+ and CD4-)/CD8- T cells were phylogenetically closely related, these findings provide evidence that CD4 expression is downmodulated during the transition to productive infection in vivo. The abundance of viral RNA in CD4-/CD8- T cells from viremic patients and the almost complete absence of viral DNA and RNA in this cell type during antiretroviral treatment identify HIV+ CD4-/CD8 T cells as the major cell type harboring productive infection in peripheral blood.
The mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of an epoxy polymer modified with polysiloxane-based core-shell particles (2013)

An epoxy resin, cured using an anhydride hardener, has been modified by the addition of pre-formed polysiloxane core-shell rubber (S-CSR) particles with a mean diameter of 0.18 μm. The glass transition temperature, Tg, of the cured unmodified epoxy polymer was 148 °C, and this was unchanged after the addition of the S-CSR particles. The polysiloxane rubber particles had a Tg of about −100 °C. Atomic force microscopy showed that the S-CSR particles were well-dispersed in the epoxy polymer. The addition of the S-CSR particles reduced the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the epoxy polymer, but at 20 °C the fracture energy, GIc, increased from 117 J/m2 for the unmodified epoxy to 947 J/m2 when 20 wt% of the S-CSR particles were incorporated. Fracture tests were also performed at −55 °C, −80 °C, and −109 °C. The results showed that the measured fracture energy of the S-CSR-modified epoxy polymers decreased significantly below room temperature. For example, at −109 °C, a fracture energy of 481 J/m2 was measured using 20 wt% of S-CSR particles. Nevertheless, this value of toughness still represented a major increase compared with the unmodified epoxy polymer, which possessed a value of GIc of 174 J/m2 at this very low test temperature. Thus, a clear fact that emerged was that the addition to the epoxy polymer of the S-CSR particles may indeed lead to significant toughening of the epoxy, even at temperatures as low as about −100 °C. The toughening mechanisms induced by the S-CSR particles were identified as (a) localised plastic shear-band yielding around the particles and (b) cavitation of the particles followed by plastic void growth of the epoxy polymer. These mechanisms were modelled using the Hsieh et al. approach [33], [49] and the values of GIc of the S-CSR-modified epoxy polymers at the different test temperatures were calculated. Excellent agreement was found between the predictions and the experimentally measured fracture energies. Further, the experimental and modelling results of the present study indicated that the extent of plastic void growth was suppressed at low temperatures for the S-CSR-modified epoxy polymers, but that the localised shear-band yielding mechanism was relatively insensitive to the test temperature.
Rotaviruses: diversity and zoonotic potential--a brief review. (2007)

Rotaviruses, a genus within the family Reoviridae, are among the most important etiological agents of severe diarrhoeal illness in humans and animals worldwide. Their genome, consisting of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, is characterized by genetic variability including (i) point mutations, (ii) genomic reassortment, and (iii) genome rearrangements, thus leading to the considerable diversity of rotaviruses. Animal rotaviruses are regarded as a potential reservoir for genetic exchange with human rotaviruses. There is now increasing evidence that animal rotaviruses can infect humans, either by direct transmission of the virus or by contributing one or several genes to reassortants with essentially a human strain genetic background. As mixed infections are a prerequisite for reassortment events, cosurveillance of animal and human rotavirus strains will be vital to gain a better understanding of the relationships between cocirculating viruses, as well as assessing any relevant vaccination programs.
Involvement of Platelet Coagulation and Inflammation in the Endothelium of Schlemm's Canal (2010)

ECSCs and EACLs are suggested to have developed specifically for their functions from the aspects of the anti-platelet coagulation system and may be involved in inflammation for leukocyte infiltration. D2-40 and thrombomodulin seem to be useful for evaluating morphologic abnormality in POAG.
Improving deep neural networks with multilayer maxout networks (2014)

For the purpose of enhancing discriminability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and facilitating optimization, a multilayer structured variant of the maxout unit (named Multilayer Maxout Network, MMN) is proposed in this paper. CNNs with maxout units employ linear convolution filters followed by maxout units to abstract representations from less abstract ones. Our model instead applies MMNs as activation functions of CNNs to abstract representations, which inherits advantages of both maxout units and deep neural networks, and is a more general nonlinear function approximator as well. Experimental results show that our proposed model yields better performance on three image classification benchmark datasets (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and MNIST) than some state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the influence of MMN in different hidden layers is analyzed, and a trade-off scheme between the accuracy and computing resources is given.
Expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in Escherichia coli. Lysine 893 is critical for activity. (1990)

Bacterially expressed fusion proteins containing the COOH-terminal domain of the human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase were analyzed by means of a novel assay, the "activity blot," which allows the detection of transferred polypeptides involved in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the 40-kDa COOH-terminal region of the enzyme is an autonomous catalytic domain exhibiting both the polymerizing and branching activities in the absence of DNA. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that lysine 893 is essential for these catalytic processes. In addition, sequence similarities obtained with the NAD(P)+ amino acid dehydrogenases suggest that (i) lysine 893 may interact with the substrates of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and (ii) the COOH-terminal part of the 40-kDa fragment may also contain a Rossman fold structure.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biodegradation of Gum Arabic-based Bioplastic Membranes (2017)

Gum Arabic (GA) collected from Acacia senegal trees was used with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to prepare a series biodegradable membranes. Great success was achieved for production of transparent bioplastic membranes by applying a novel casting method termed as free horizontal flow. The similarities between the six FTIR spectra in their principal peaks are due to their common functional groups. The broad pattern of the GA diffractogram obtained confirmed the amorphous nature of the GA, while the relatively sharpness of the PVA confirmed its semi-crystallinity.The crystallinity index (CI) values were increased with the increasing in the PVA allocation in the blend. Thermal degradation of the samples occurred at the higher temperatures (300-500°C) were greater than those for the lower temperatures (25-300°C). The PVA lost more weight than that for the GA at higher temperatures.The overall energy absorbed up to 500°C and subsequently thermal stability of the bioplastic membranes were increased as the PVA allocation in the blend is increased although the mass loss has the same trend. The GA membranes had the lowest nanometric particle size (NPS), while those for PVA had the highest ones. Increasing the PVA concentrations in the blends increased the NPS gradually. The bioplastic membranes were degraded by the isolated bacteria and fungi comparing with control samples. The major strains of isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., while Rhizobus spp was the major fungus. Addition PVA to GA enhanced the membranes formation and their properties such as crystallinity index, thermal stability and surface roughness.
Indomethacin Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Cholera-Mediated Rabbit Ileal Secretion (1974)

Journal Article Indomethacin Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Cholera-Mediated Rabbit Ileal Secretion Get access Ronald E. Gots, Ronald E. Gots From the Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel B. Formal, Samuel B. Formal From the Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ralph A. Giannella Ralph A. Giannella From the Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 130, Issue 3, September 1974, Pages 280–287, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/130.3.280 Published: 01 September 1974 Article history Received: 10 December 1973 Revision received: 23 May 1974 Published: 01 September 1974
Gas Pulsations in Screw Compressors - Part I: Determination of Port Flow and Interpretation of Periodic Volume Source (1990)

Even in the absence of valves, flows through the suction and discharge ports of a screw compressor are oscillatory in nature.This paper utilizes the volume and port area curves based on rotor profiles and other geometric data for a typical twin screw compressor.The gas conditions and port flows are determined from _thermo~~namic .an~lysis for a complete cycle of discharge and suct10n act1vtty.Th1s mcludes the conditions of under and over pressure.Typical Fourier spectra for port flow are presented.
Generalized juvenile polyposis with carcinoma. (1989)

Generalized juvenile polyposis usually is not associated with an increased risk for gastrointestinal carcinoma. A subgroup of patients, however, have juvenile polyps with adenomatous features. A case report of juvenile polyposis, together with adenocarcinoma of the colon and review of the literature, are presented to emphasize the potential for malignancy in this subgroup of patients and to guide appropriate evaluation.
Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in HPV-Positive Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer and Their Partners (2014)

Oral HPV16 DNA is commonly detected among patients with HPV-OPC at diagnosis, but not among their partners. Partners of patients with HPV-OPC do not seem to have elevated oral HPV infection compared with the general population.
Selective growth of carbon nanotubes on Si microfabricated tips and application for electron field emitters (2003)

In this article, we present the results on the synthesis and electron emission characteristics of an individual and a carbon nanotube (CNT) bundle on a Si tip. The Si tip with diameter of about 20 nm at the apex and the tip height of 5 μm was fabricated using Si microfabrication process. Individual and carbon nanotubes bundle were selectively grown at the apex of the Si tip using a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition with a mixture of C2H2 and H2 gases under a negative substrate biasing. Electron field emission characteristics of the Si tips with and without the individual CNT on the same substrate were measured in a vacuum of 1.7×10−4 Pa. Threshold or turn on voltages defined at the emission current of 10 pA of approximately 40 V (4 V/μm) and 200 V (20 V/μm) were found for the Si tips with and without the individual CNT, respectively. Emission current and emission light pattern of the emitted electrons from the carbon nanotubes bundle were also studied.
Improving code density of embedded software using a 2-level dictionary code compression architecture (2008)

Dictionary code compression has been proposed to reduce the energy consumed in the instruction fetch path of processors or to reduce program footprint in memory. With this technique, instructions, or instruction sequences, are in the binary code replaced with short code words that in run-time are replaced with the original instructions using the dictionary inside the data-path. We present here a new method with the aim to further improve on code density as compared to previously proposed dictionary code compression techniques. It is a 2-level approach capable of handling compression of both individual instructions and code sequences of 2-16 instructions. Our proposed approach is more flexible and has better dynamic compression ratio and fetch path energy consumption as compared to previously studied 1-level approaches. The energy consumed in the instruction fetch path is reduced with up to 56% as compared to using uncompressed instructions.
Efficient VLSI architechtures of adaptive equalizers for QAM/VSB transmission (2002)

This paper proposes hardware architectures of adaptive equalizers applicable to both the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and vestigial sideband modulation (VSB) systems. This paper presents digitization methods for QAM and VSB systems requiring a low hardware cost with the performance comparable to that of the algorithm employing floating-point operations. To reduce the hardware cost of the high definition television (HDTV) equalizers, we also propose a pipelined architecture that processes some parallel parts sequentially.
Optimizing Hidden Markov Models for the Internet of Things (2017)

The Internet of Things is a new and emerging branch of control systems where gatheredsensor data is analyzed using computer algorithms. This report applies Markov models, astatistical model based on states with transitions between them, to temperature datagathered from an office. In particular, hidden Markov models are used, which infer the statesand their probable transitions from the temperature observations. The purpose of this studyis to find the optimal number of states in a hidden Markov model for Internet of Thingstemperature data. Evaluation is made by comparing the difference between data predictedby the Markov model and actual temperature measurements. 10, 20, 24, 30, 40, 50 and 168states are evaluated. All number of states perform poorly and differ greatly from the actualmeasurements. It is concluded that a more thorough study is needed to accurately answerthe problem statement.
Efficient wavelength conversion using direct-bonded QPM-LN ridge waveguide (2003)

We report on the fabrication of QPM-LN ridge waveguides by using direct bonding. We achieved an efficient second harmonic generation of 350 %/W with a 36-mm sample.
Differential expression of endogenous lectins on the surface of nontumorigenic, tumorigenic, and metastatic cells. (1986)

A monoclonal antibody that was found to recognize endogenous galactoside-specific lectins of various tumor cells by immunoblot analysis was used for quantitative analyses of cell surface lectin on nontumorigenic, tumorigenic, and metastatic cells of diverse histological types and origin. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of viable cells followed by analysis with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed marked differences in the amount of surface lectins between untransformed and malignant cells. While lectin was either absent or present in a very low density on the surface of normal cells, neoplastic cells were invariably stained by the antilectin antibodies. Furthermore, among related tumor cell variants of the K-1735 melanoma and UV-2237 fibrosarcoma tumor systems, cells exhibiting a higher lung-colonizing potential also expressed higher levels of cell surface lectin. These results suggest that the presence of a lectin on the cell surface may be related to neoplastic transformation and progression toward metastasis.
Development of a Scalable Synthesis of an Azaindolyl-Pyrimidine Inhibitor of Influenza Virus Replication (2016)

A scalable, asymmetric route for the synthesis of the influenza virus replication inhibitor 2 is presented. The key steps include an enzymatic desymmetrization of cis-1,3-cyclohexanediester in 99% yield and 96% ee, SNAr displacement of a methanesulfinylpyrimidine, and a Curtius rearrangement to form a morpholinyl urea. This high-yielding route allowed us to rapidly synthesize hundreds of grams of 2 in 99% purity to support in vivo studies.