gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone defect animal models for testing efficacy of bone substitute biomaterials (2015)

Large bone defects are serious complications that are most commonly caused by extensive trauma, tumour, infection, or congenital musculoskeletal disorders. If nonunion occurs, implantation for repairing bone defects with biomaterials developed as a defect filler, which can promote bone regeneration, is essential. In order to evaluate biomaterials to be developed as bone substitutes for bone defect repair, it is essential to establish clinically relevant <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing models for investigating their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, degradation, and interactional with culture medium or host tissues. The results of the <i>in vitro</i> experiment contribute significantly to the evaluation of direct cell response to the substitute biomaterial, and the <i>in vivo</i> tests constitute a step midway between <i>in vitro</i> tests and human clinical trials. Therefore, it is essential to develop or adopt a suitable <i>in vivo</i> bone defect animal model for testing bone substitutes for defect repair. This review aimed at introducing and discussing the most available and commonly used bone defect animal models for testing specific substitute biomaterials. Additionally, we reviewed surgical protocols for establishing relevant preclinical bone defect models with various animal species and the evaluation methodologies of the bone regeneration process after the implantation of bone substitute biomaterials. This review provides an important reference for preclinical studies in translational orthopaedics.
Nitric Oxide-Mediated Regulation of Connexin43 Expression and Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Mesangial Cells (2004)

This study investigated a potential role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Incubation of mesangial cells (MC) with NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) enhanced both basal and 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated GJIC as well as expression of gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). This potentiating action of SNAP on Cx43 expression was mimicked by two other NO donors and significantly blocked by soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-alpha]quinoxalin-1-1. Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) analogue 8-bromo-cGMP exerted an effect similar to NO, whereas another cGMP analogue, 8-pCPT-cGMP, which selectively activates cGMP-dependent kinase without affecting cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3), had no effect. Moreover, the synergistic action of NO on Cx43 expression was completely prevented by protein kinase A inhibitor H89 but not by cGMP-dependent kinase inhibitor Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMP. These results suggested a possible involvement of NO-cAMP interaction via cGMP-mediated inhibition of PDE3. Indeed, PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide caused potentiation of 8-bromo-cAMP-elicited elevations of Cx43 expression that is similar to the effect of SNAP, and an elevation of intracellular cAMP was detected in SNAP-treated cells. With the use of genetically engineered reporter MC that express secreted alkaline phosphatase under the control of the cAMP response element, significant potentiation of cAMP-elicited activation of cAMP response element by SNAP was found. This effect was abrogated in the presence of PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide. Taken together, the results suggest that NO is involved in the control of GJIC and Cx43 expression. This effect of NO is due to activation of protein kinase A via cGMP-dependent inhibition of PDE3 activity.
Response of plants to water stress (2014)

Water stress adversely impacts many aspects of the physiology of plants, especially photosynthetic capacity. If the stress is prolonged, plant growth, and productivity are severely diminished. Plants have evolved complex physiological and biochemical adaptations to adjust and adapt to a variety of environmental stresses. The molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with water-stress tolerance and water-use efficiency have been extensively studied. The systems that regulate plant adaptation to water stress through a sophisticated regulatory network are the subject of the current review. Molecular mechanisms that plants use to increase stress tolerance, maintain appropriate hormone homeostasis and responses and prevent excess light damage, are also discussed. An understanding of how these systems are regulated and ameliorate the impact of water stress on plant productivity will provide the information needed to improve plant stress tolerance using biotechnology, while maintaining the yield and quality of crops.
The Dopamine Receptors (1997)

Seven years after the cloning of the rat dopamine D receptor, and four 2 years after the cloning of the last mammalian dopamine receptor identified to date, this seems to be an excellent time to put t
Chemical Methods to Knock Down the Amyloid Proteins (2017)

Amyloid proteins are closely related with amyloid diseases and do tremendous harm to human health. However, there is still a lack of effective strategies to treat these amyloid diseases, so it is important to develop novel methods. Accelerating the clearance of amyloid proteins is a favorable method for amyloid disease treatment. Recently, chemical methods for protein reduction have been developed and have attracted much attention. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of chemical methods that knock down amyloid proteins, including the proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy, the "recognition-cleavage" strategy, the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) strategy, the selectively light-activatable organic and inorganic molecules strategy and other chemical strategies.
Superhydrophobic Textures for Microfluidics (2012)

Superhydrophobic surfaces have opened a completely new field of investigation with both fundamental and practical perspectives. Research on these materials has mostly focused on their extreme non-wettability, which has large-scale implications in the context of self-cleaning and impact processes. However, the implications of superhydrophobicity for transport phenomena, which are especially important at micro- and nanoscales, remain largely unexplored. Here, we summarize recent advances in this field, including the physical causes of water repellency, the origins of superhydrophobicity and a current switch in focus from wetting to related areas such as the remarkable drag-reducing ability of superhydrophobic materials. In particular, we show that superhydrophobic surfaces induce novel hydrodynamic properties such as giant effective slip, superfluidity and mixing, and affect electrokinetic phenomena. We also discuss developments and strategies in the fabrications of superhydrophobic materials for relevant applications, including microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices. We finally suggest several remaining challenges in the field.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Part II. Advantages of FT-IR (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Part II. Advantages of FT-IRW. D. Perkins Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 11, A269Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1987Published inissue 1 November 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ed064pA269RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1882Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Customer Driven Product Development Through Quality Function Development (QFD) (2006)

Over the years, quality has been a differentiating factor within the manufacturing industry. In this paper, an attempt is made not only to analyze existing models of product development but also introduces the concept of Customer Driven Product Development (CDPD). Here the methodology for the development of CDPD Model through Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is presented. The QFD process includes prioritization of customer needs, competition ranking and technical deployment for the new/improved product. The paper is composed of Product Development background, related literature review and explanatory steps for model development. A Customer Driven Product Development Model is depicted to build the proposed House of Quality, along with comprehensive details of the pertinent components. The paper will serve and motivate product designers and developers to incorporate this QFD methodology and hence promote QFD's future development.
Indoor corridor radio propagation characteristics at 60 GHz for wireless communications (2012)

For the next generation wireless local area networks (WLAN) and wireless personal area networks (WPAN), 60 GHz radio channel propagation characteristics in typical indoor corridor environments are addressed in this paper using Matlab simulations of ray-tracing, ITU-R model and full-3D ray-tracing model of Wireless Insite. Pathloss and rms delay spreadobtained through simulations of models foromnidirectional and horn antennasare presented.
Diagnosis of Wilson Disease and Its Phenotypes by Using Artificial Intelligence (2021)

WD is caused by <i>ATP7B</i> variants disrupting copper efflux resulting in excessive copper accumulation mainly in liver and brain. The diagnosis of WD is challenged by its variable clinical course, onset, morbidity, and <i>ATP7B</i> variant type. Currently it is diagnosed by a combination of clinical symptoms/signs, aberrant copper metabolism parameters (e.g., low ceruloplasmin serum levels and high urinary and hepatic copper concentrations), and genetic evidence of <i>ATP7B</i> mutations when available. As early diagnosis and treatment are key to favorable outcomes, it is critical to identify subjects before the onset of overtly detrimental clinical manifestations. To this end, we sought to improve WD diagnosis using artificial neural network algorithms (part of artificial intelligence) by integrating available clinical and molecular parameters. Surprisingly, WD diagnosis was based on plasma levels of glutamate, asparagine, taurine, and Fischer's ratio. As these amino acids are linked to the urea-Krebs' cycles, our study not only underscores the central role of hepatic mitochondria in WD pathology but also that most WD patients have underlying hepatic dysfunction. Our study provides novel evidence that artificial intelligence utilized for integrated analysis for WD may result in earlier diagnosis and mechanistically relevant treatments for patients with WD.
A new high efficiency RF switch-mode power amplifier architecture for pulse encoded signals (2012)

A new architecture for RF switch-mode power amplifiers is proposed. In this design, a pulse encoded signal switches a single RF power device with a broadband output match coupled to an output diplexer. The broadband termination impedance across the device minimizes switching losses. A complementary diplexer design is used to implement a bandpass reconstruction filter required for the pulse encoded signal as well as a broadband bandstop filter to separate out-of-band spectral power from the reconstructed output signal. The bandstop filter output terminal also provides an option to enhance power efficiency by incorporating an energy recovery circuit in a feedback loop to the DC power supply. The recovery circuit has the potential to significantly boost power efficiency under back-off conditions. Simulated results are presented for a 2 GHz 25 W GaN power device. For a sigma-delta encoded pulse train, the power efficiency is 65.5% at an output power of 43.7 dBm and for a pulse position modulated signal the power efficiency is 65.7% efficiency at an output power of 44.3 dBm.
Encephalitis in Australian children: contemporary trends in hospitalisation (2015)

Hospitalisation of childhood encephalitis has slightly decreased in Australia. High rates of childhood immunisation have been associated with a reduction of varicella-associated encephalitis in Australian children. ADEM, an immune-mediated encephalitis, is the most common recognised cause of encephalitis in children. Young children (<1 year) have the highest admission rates. The high proportion of 'unspecified' encephalitis deaths and hospitalisations is an ongoing challenge.
Structural Relatedness of Distinct Determinants Recognized by Monoclonal Antibody TP25.99 on β2-Microglobulin-Associated and β2-Microglobulin-Free HLA Class I Heavy Chains (2000)

The association of HLA class I heavy chains with beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) changes their antigenic profile. As a result, Abs react with either beta2m-free or beta2m-associated HLA class I heavy chains. An exception to this rule is the mAb TP25.99, which reacts with both beta2m-associated and beta2m-free HLA class I heavy chains. The reactivity with beta2m-associated HLA class I heavy chains is mediated by a conformational determinant expressed on all HLA-A, -B, and -C Ags. This determinant has been mapped to amino acid residues 194-198 in the alpha3 domain. The reactivity with beta2m-free HLA class I heavy chains is mediated by a linear determinant expressed on all HLA-B Ags except the HLA-B73 allospecificity and on <50% of HLA-A allospecificities. The latter determinant has been mapped to amino acid residues 239-242, 245, and 246 in the alpha3 domain. The conformational and the linear determinants share several structural features, but have no homology in their amino acid sequence. mAb TP25.99 represents the first example of a mAb recognizing two distinct and spatially distant determinants on a protein. The structural homology of a linear and a conformational determinant on an antigenic entity provides a molecular mechanism for the sharing of specificity by B and TCRs.
ATM Protein-dependent Phosphorylation of Rad50 Protein Regulates DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Control (2011)

The Mre11/Rad50/NBN complex plays a central role in coordinating the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks. The importance of Rad50 in that response is evident from the recent description of a patient with Rad50 deficiency characterized by chromosomal instability and defective ATM-dependent signaling. We report here that ATM (defective in ataxia-telangiectasia) phosphorylates Rad50 at a single site (Ser-635) that plays an important adaptor role in signaling for cell cycle control and DNA repair. Although a Rad50 phosphosite-specific mutant (S635G) supported normal activation of ATM in Rad50-deficient cells, it was defective in correcting DNA damage-induced signaling through the ATM-dependent substrate SMC1. This mutant also failed to correct radiosensitivity, DNA double-strand break repair, and an S-phase checkpoint defect in Rad50-deficient cells. This was not due to disruption of the Mre11/Rad50/NBN complex revealing for the first time that phosphorylation of Rad50 plays a key regulatory role as an adaptor for specific ATM-dependent downstream signaling through SMC1 for DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control in the maintenance of genome integrity.
Tectonic, a novel regulator of the Hedgehog pathway required for both activation and inhibition (2005)

We report the identification of a novel protein that participates in Hedgehog-mediated patterning of the neural tube. This protein, named Tectonic, is the founding member of a previously undescribed family of evolutionarily conserved secreted and transmembrane proteins. During neural tube development, mouse Tectonic is required for formation of the most ventral cell types and for full Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation. Epistasis analyses reveal that Tectonic modulates Hh signal transduction downstream of Smoothened (Smo) and Rab23. Interestingly, characterization of Tectonic Shh and Tectonic Smo double mutants indicates that Tectonic plays an additional role in repressing Hh pathway activity.
Constraint-enabled design information representation for mechanical products over the internet (2003)

Global economy has made manufacturing industry become more distributed than ever before. Product design requires more involvement from various technical disciplines at different locations. In such a geographically and temporally distributed environment, efficient and effective collaboration on design is vital to maintain product quality and organizational competency. Interoperability of design information is one of major barriers for collaborative design. Current standard CAD data formats do not support design collaboration effectively in terms of design information and knowledge capturing, exchange, and integration within the design cycle. Multidisciplinary design constraints cannot be represented and transferred among different groups, and design information cannot be integrated efficiently within a distributed environment. Uncertainty of specification cannot be modeled at early design stages, while constraints for optimization are not embedded in design data. In this work, a design information model, Universal Linkage model, is developed to represent design related information for mechanical products in a distributed form. It incorporates geometric and non-geometric constraints with traditional geometry and topology elements, thus allows more design knowledge sharing in collaborative design. Segments of design data are linked and integrated into a complete product model, thus support lean design information capturing, storage, and query. The model is represented by Directed Hyper Graph and Product Markup Language to preserve extensibility and openness. Incorporating robustness consideration, an Interval Geometric Modeling scheme is presented, in which numerical parameters are represented by interval values. This scheme is able to capture uncertainty and inexactness of design and reduces the chances of conflict in constraint imposition. It provides a unified constraint representation for the process of conceptual design, detailed design, and design optimization. Corresponding interval constraint solving methods are studied.
Outbreeding Depression as a Cost of Dispersal in the Harpacticoid Copepod, <i>Tigriopus californicus</i> (1991)

The costs of dispersing can be evaluated in terms of genetic expenses. These costs are associated with outbreeding depression. In the supralittoral zone of the rocky shore, both outbreeding depression and inbreeding depression may be important in determining whether an organism should disperse. These genetic costs were investigated in the harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus californicus, which inhabits supralittoral pools. Matings between individuals from different pools were performed in the lab. The results suggest high costs to dispersing.
The revised civilian mississippi scale for PTSD: Reliability, validity, and cross-language stability (1996)

Examined in two studies the psychometric properties of a revised 30-item version of the civilian form of the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) developed by Keane, Caddell, and Taylor (1988). Study 1, whose sample was composed of 37 bilingual adults who had experienced a variety of traumatic events, was undertaken primarily to examine the linguistic equivalence of a Spanish translation of the scale. High cross-language stability was demonstrated, and both English and Spanish versions showed high internal consistency. Study 2, which used a sample of 404 victims of Hurricane Andrew, provided additional evidence of scale reliability and also showed that the scale correlates in meaningful ways with known traumatic stressors. Together the results indicate that the scale is applicable to different populations and events and constitutes a valid and reliable self-report, measure of PTSD.
[The APC gene]. (1996)

The tumor suppressor gene APC is mutated in most cases of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and sporadic colorectal tumors. The product of the APC gene is a 300 kDa protein present in the cytoplasm as a homodimer. Interestingly, the APC protein is known to interact with the adherence junction protein catenin, suggesting that APC may be involved in cell adhesion. More recently we have demonstrated that overexpression of APC blocks cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 to the S phase.
Laser dentistry: Root canal diagnostic technique based on ultraviolet‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy (1989)

A diagnostic technique to detect residual tissues at different levels of the root canal during an endodontic treatment is presented. The diagnostic system is based on ultraviolet-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and uses suitable optical fibers for local delivery of excitation light and to collect back fluorescence spectra. Spectra of root canal tissues have been obtained from split teeth by labeling with a fluorescent solution. Residual tissue can be discriminated in respect to healthy dentin because of their different spectral responses: the spectral shape of the first response shows a clear peak at 530 nm because of a selective absorption of the fluorescent dye, whereas for the second response, the spectral curve monotonically increases toward ultraviolet wave-lengths with no particular structure. This technique has been tested on unsplit teeth simulating operative conditions. A compact spectroscopic system has been devised that can be easily integrated in an excimer laser system to perform residual tissue detection during laser cleaning of the canals.
Cryogenic CO2 capture in natural gas (2009)

Increasing world energy demand and pricing trends have encouraged oil and gas companies to look at developing contaminated natural gas fields previously deemed uneconomic. At the same time, world wide perceptions on climate change are pressuring energy companies to adopt global best practices to reduce carbon emissions. Developing currently unviable contaminated natural gas fields requires developing new technologies for high CO2 gas treatment. Current technologies available in the market for natural gas treating may not be ideally suitable for treating highly contaminated natural gas where CO2 geo-sequestration is required. Use of physical and chemical absorption solvents have been the most popular method for treating natural gas with high CO2, and to a lesser extent, membranes and adsorption methods. These technologies remove CO2 at near ambient pressures thus requiring substantial amount of compression to levels needed for geo-sequestration. Cryogenic CO2 removal methods can capture CO2 in a liquid form thus making it relatively easy to pump underground for storage or send for enhanced oil recovery. This new cryogenic CO2 removal method has been researched and tested in a demonstration plant and is soon to be implemented in commercial field applications. This paper intends to share recent field experience and test results from Cool Energy’s CryoCell® demonstration plant in Western Australia. The CryoCell® process was developed by Cool Energy Ltd and tested in collaboration with other industrial partners including Shell Global Solutions. This presentation will also discuss and compare existing CO2 treatment technologies for developing high CO2 natural gas fields requiring CO2 geo-sequestration with the CryoCell® CO2 capture process. Basic economic comparisons between the CryoCell® process and an amine based process including CO2 geo-sequestration will be presented.
Globe-fixation system for animal eye practice (2010)

Disclosures are found in the footnotes.