gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and accurate edge‐preserving smoothing for 3D hexagonally sampled seismic data (2016)

ABSTRACT The automatic detection of geological features such as faults and channels is a challenging problem in today's seismic exploration industry. Edge detection filters are generally applied to locate features. It is desirable to reduce noise in the data before edge detection. The application of smoothing or low‐pass filters results in noise suppression, but this causes edge blurring as well. Edge‐preserving smoothing is a technique that results in simultaneous edge preservation and noise suppression. Until now, edge‐preserving smoothing has been carried out on rectangular sampled seismic data. In this paper, an attempt has been made to detect edges by applying edge‐preserving smoothing as a pre‐processing step in the hexagonally sampled seismic‐data spatial domain. A hexagonal approach is an efficient method of sampling and has greater symmetry than a rectangular approach. Here, spiral architecture has been employed to handle the hexagonally sampled seismic data. A comparison of edge‐preserving smoothing on both rectangular and hexagonally sampled seismic data is carried out. The data used were provided by Saudi Aramco. It is shown that hexagonal processing results in well‐defined edges with fewer computations.
Bacteriophage: Therapeutic Uses (2014)

Abstract Bacteriophages are viruses that grow within bacteria. Almost all bacteriophages can destroy (lyse) their bacterial host, although many are ‘temperate’ and can insert their genome into that of their bacterial host, a state referred to as lysogeny. Those that can only kill their host bacteria are termed ‘virulent’ and are preferred for therapeutic use. Lysis kills the bacterial host and releases the next generation of bacteriophages. This unique property allows localised amplification of a bacteriophage therapeutic, but only where its specific bacterial host is present. Bacteriophages are also able to target bacteria living within biofilms that can make them highly refractory to conventional antibiotics. Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been identified as having potential for the control of bacterial disease. Following the widespread appearance of resistance to conventional antibiotics, interest in this area has revived and the results of clinical trials of bacteriophage therapeutics are now being reported. Key Concepts: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. Lytic bacteriophages kill their bacterial host rapidly, taking over host metabolism and producing a new generation of bacteriophages soon after infection. Newly produced bacteriophages can infect new host bacteria locally and can also spread to other sites of infection. This ability to kill bacteria led to their therapeutic use against bacterial infection in the pre‐antibiotic era. In most of the world, bacteriophages have been superseded since the 1940s by chemical antibiotics due to a combination of factors, including the limited understanding of basic bacteriophage biology and the far broader host ranges of chemical antibiotics. Despite many years of extensive clinical study in Eastern Europe and in earlier work in Europe and the United States, a lack of clinical trials meeting current regulatory requirements has limited the development of bacteriophage therapeutics. Interest in bacteriophages as therapeutics has been revived by the looming antibiotic resistance crisis, in an era when much more information is available about the older work and when phage biology is far better understood. Bacteriophage products for agricultural and food use are currently being marketed.
Leak detection in spacecraft using structure-borne noise with distributed sensors (2005)

We have developed and tested in the laboratory a method for in-orbit detection and location of air leaks in manned spacecraft that uses only a small number of sensors distributed arbitrarily on the inner surface of the spacecraft skin. Then, structure-borne ultrasound in the range of 300–600 kHz is monitored from each of the sensors. When cross correlations between measured sensor waveforms indicate the presence of a leak, these correlations are compared with a large dynamically generated database of simulated correlations to locate the the leak on the pressure vessel. A series of experimental tests were performed and at worst the method identified some false locations, but the true location of the leak always appeared.
Induction of 3-Hydroxybenzoate 2-Hydroxylase in a <i>Pseudomonas testosteroni</i> Mutant (1982)

Benzoate was established as the inducer of a unique 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-hydroxylase activity found in a Pseudomonas testosteroni mutant which is unable to grow on m-hydroxybenzoate as its sole source of carbon and energy.
Real-Time Head Pose Tracking with Online Face Template Reconstruction (2015)

We propose a real-time method to accurately track the human head pose in the 3-dimensional (3D) world. Using a RGB-Depth camera, a face template is reconstructed by fitting a 3D morphable face model, and the head pose is determined by registering this user-specific face template to the input depth video.
Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics Differentiating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Major Depression and Healthy Control Populations (2004)

Patterns of immune dysfunction have emerged in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) that include an immune activation state (evidenced by increased activated T lymphocytes and circulating cytokines) and poor cellular function (low natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and impaired T lymphocyte response to mitogens). Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between clinical and functional characteristics, immune abnormalities and status of the RNase L pathway in CFS compared with healthy control and depression control populations. All study participants were assessed with respect to their general health, functional status, blood count and chemistry, biochemical and immune parameters. The CFS group (N = 66) demonstrated clinical, functional and biochemical abnormalities distinct from the healthy (N = 62) and depression (N = 51) control groups. The CFS group showed marked functional impairment compared with both control groups (P <.001) as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) (P <.001). The CFS group also showed decreased cognitive performance on a computerized test battery compared to healthy (P <.001) and depression controls (P <.009) and significantly higher 37/80 kDa RNase L ratio (P <.001) compared with both control groups. The odds ratios of a 37/80 kDa RNase L ratio > 2 compared with the CFS patients were 3.9 for the healthy controls (95% confidence limit (CL) 1.0-15.2, P <.05) and 65.8 for the depression controls (95% CL 10.7-406.6, P <.001). The CFS group demonstrated low NK cell cytotoxicity compared to healthy controls (P= .045). The correlation between abnormalities in the RNase L pathway and impaired NK cell function (r = .21, P <.006) suggests that both may be part of the same underlying disease mechanism, at least in this homogeneous population of very disabled CFS patients. Healthy contact-control subjects who had exposure to CFS patients showed a number of characteristics similar to the CFS patients, including an increased mean 37/80 kDa RNase L ratio (P <.04) and prevalence of the 37/80 kDa RNase L ratio > 2 (P <.03). In these contact-control subjects, the 37/80 kDa RNase L ratio was correlated with the interferon-a levels (r = .58, P <.02), suggestive of activation of the interferon pathway. The results of the present study support the cytokine/ immune activation model in this well-characterized CFS patient group.
Extension of 248-nm optical lithography: a thin film imaging approach (1998)

A negative-tone bilayer thin film imaged (TFI) resist has been developed for extension of 248 nm optical lithography to sub-150 nm regime. The bilayer TFI resist system consists of a thin (0.2 um) silicon containing top imaging layer and a thick (0.7 - 0.8 um) highly absorbing organic underlayer. The chemically amplified negative-tone top layer resist comprises of three major components: an aqueous base soluble silicon containing polymer, poly(hydroxybenzylsilsesquioxane); a crosslinking agent; and a photoacid generator. The highly absorptive underlayer is a hard baked novolak resist or a DUV ARC. Imaging of the top layer resist has shown resolutions down to 137.5 nm for line/space features and 130 nm for isolated features with 248 nm exposure tools and chrome on glass masks. The O<SUB>2</SUB> reactive ion etch (RIE) selectively of the top layers versus a novolak underlayer is more than 25:1 as a result of the high silicon content in the silicon containing polymer. Furthermore, residue-free and nearly vertical wall profile image transfer to the underlayer has been achieved with RIE. Application of the negative-tone bilayer resist to 150 nm Gbit DRAM critical level lithography has been demonstrated. Resist line edge roughness is also discussed.
Alpha‐synuclein <scp>RT</scp>‐Qu<scp>IC</scp> in the <scp>CSF</scp> of patients with alpha‐synucleinopathies (2016)

We have developed a novel real-time quaking-induced conversion RT-QuIC-based assay to detect alpha-synuclein aggregation in brain and cerebrospinal fluid from dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease patients. This assay can detect alpha-synuclein aggregation in Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid with sensitivities of 92% and 95%, respectively, and with an overall specificity of 100% when compared to Alzheimer and control cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with neuropathologically confirmed tauopathies (progressive supranuclear palsy; corticobasal degeneration) gave negative results. These results suggest that RT-QuiC analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is potentially useful for the early clinical assessment of patients with alpha-synucleinopathies.
Efficient Algorithms for Leveraging Spatial Reuse in OFDMA Relay Networks (2009)

We consider the problem of scheduling users with backlogged and finite buffers on the multiple OFDM carriers (channels) over the two hops of the relay-enabled wireless network. Motivated by the recent 802.16j standard, we consider two sub-carrier grouping models (PUSC, AMC). While the extent of diversity gain varies depending on the model, spatial reuse is common to both the models and is crucial in delivering the promised throughput benefits of relays. Hence leveraging spatial reuse forms the prime focus of this work with diversity gains being leveraged when available. We establish the hardness of the problem under these two models and propose efficient approximation algorithms for the scheduling problem considered. Our solutions are simple to implement at the base station, while also providing worst case guarantees. The proposed solutions are evaluated to highlight their benefits in a variety of network conditions.
Field Testing of New Aerosol Sampling Method With a Porous Curved Surface as Inlet (1997)

A new aerosol sampling method, utilizing a porous curved surface as the sampling inlet, has recently been developed. Previous laboratory evaluations of this method have demonstrated its important features, such as low wind sensitivity and good filter collection uniformity. In this study a prototype incorporating the new method was evaluated in the field as a stationary and personal sampling device. The small sampler, utilizing a 25-mm filter is called the button aerosol sampler and was evaluated for collecting total airborne dust and fungal spores. The study was performed in nine poorly maintained inner-city houses during environmental cleanups at different cleanliness levels. The button sampler was used in parallel with the standard 37-mm closed-face filter cassette. Four collocated samplers of each type were tested at all sites as stationary samplers, and three samplers of each type were tested at two sites as personal samplers. Aerosol samples were collected on filters and analyzed using the gravimetric method for total dust and epifluorescence microscopy for fungal spores. The average particle concentration values measured with the button sampler and with the standard sampling cassette were found to correlate well within ranges of 10(1)-10(3) micrograms/m3 for total dust and 10(3)-10(5) spores/m3 for airborne fungi. The measurement results obtained with the new button sampler showed lower intersample variations of the measured concentration levels and higher uniformity of the particle deposits on the filters than those obtained with the standard cassette.
Learning Location Correlation from GPS Trajectories (2010)

People's location histories imply the location correlation that states the relations between geographical locations in the space of human behavior. With the correlation, we can enable many valuable services, such as location recommendation and sales promotion. In this paper, by taking into account a user's travel experience (knowledge) and the sequentiality that locations have been visited, we learn the location correlation from a large number of user-generated GPS trajectories. Using the location correlation, we conduct a personalized location recommendation system, which is evaluated based on a real-world GPS dataset collected by 112 users over a period of 1.5 years. As a result, our method outperforms that using the Pearson correlation.
PN and SOI wafer flow process for stencil mask fabrication (1999)

Two process flows for the fabrication of stencil masks have been developed. The PN Wafer Flow- and the SOI Wafer Flow Process. Membranes and stencil masks out of different 6 inch Si base wafers with 3 micrometers membrane thickness and a membrane diameter between 120 mm and 126 mm were fabricated. The membrane stress depending on the material property and doping level has been determined. First metrology measurements have been carried out.
Use of multiple antennas (2013)

In general, the use of multiple antennas provides three types of gains: diversity gain, power/SINR gain (including interference suppression), and multiplexing (bandwidth or degree of freedom) gain. In Chapter 4, we studied the first two and learned that
Cost-sensitive Boosting with p-norm Loss Functionsand its Applications (2008)

In practical applications of classification, there are often varying costs associated with different types of misclassification (e.g. fraud detection, anomaly detection and medical diagnosis), motivating the need for the so-called ”cost-sensitive” classification. In this paper, we introduce a family of novel boosting methods for cost-sensitive classification by applying the theory of gradient boosting to p-norm based cost functionals, and establish theoretical guarantees as well as their empirical advantage over existing algorithms.
Arithmetic coding based continuous error detection for efficient ARQ-based image transmission (2002)

Block cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes are typically used to perform error detection in automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols for data communications. Though efficient, CRCs can detect errors only after an entire block of data has been received and processed. In this work, we introduce a new "continuous" error detection scheme using arithmetic coding that provides a novel tradeoff between the amount of added redundancy and the amount of time needed to detect an error once it occurs. This method of error detection is achieved through the use of an arithmetic codec, and has the attractive feature that it can be combined physically with arithmetic source coding, which is widely used in state-of-the-art image coders. We analytically optimize the tradeoff between added redundancy and error-detection time, achieving significant gains in bit rate throughput over conventional ARQ schemes for binary symmetric channel models for all probabilities of error.
Prophylactic Bactericidal Orthopedic Implants – Animal Testing Study (2010)

This paper summarizes preliminary rat studies aimed at identifying the effectiveness of using electrically stimulated silver as a bactericidal agent for indwelling residual hardware devices (RHD). A variety of bactericidal indwelling devices were designed, fabricated and surgically inserted into the medullary cavity of live rats. The rats were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus to try and induce osteomyelitis. A total of 37 surgeries were performed by implanting the rats with both control and potentially bactericidal devices. As surgical procedures and devices were improved, it appeared that the implants produced antibiotic effects in the animals. All of the control animals and all of the animals where the device failed tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus growth. Of the rats with operational bactericidal devices (those that survived the surgery and incubation period), half tested negative for Staphylococcus aureus. The device designs are discussed in this paper along with the test procedures, operating practices and results. A statistical analysis of the results, which shows a very high confidence level in the effectiveness of electrically stimulated silver as a bactericidal agent/antibiotic, is also presented.
Bacterial Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1992)

"Bacterial Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 146(4), pp. 1067–1083
Abstract 16999: Cardiac and Systemic Rejuvenation in Senescent Rodents and Human Heart Cells Treated With Cardiosphere-derived Cells From Young Donors (2017)

Introduction: Presbycardia is characterized by diastolic dysfunction. Cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) therapy has exhibited several favorable effects on heart structure and function in humans and in preclinical models; however, the effects of CDCs on aging have not been evaluated. Hypothesis: Young CDCs may rejuvenate aged hearts. To test this, we assessed the effects of CDCs on heart structure, function, gene expression and systemic parameters in senescent models and explored underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: We compared intra-cardiac injections of neonatal rat CDCs or monthly doses of CDC-derived exosomes (CDC-XO) to vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) in 2-year-old rats in two independent and consecutive studies (n=51 total). Ten rats 4.1±1.5 months of age comprised a young reference group. Rats were followed for 1- and 4-months in CDC and CDC-XO studies, respectively. For in vitro studies, human heart progenitors from older donors, or cardiomyocytes from aged rats were exposed to human CDCs or CDC-XO from pediatric donors. Results: Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CDCs, but not PBS, recapitulated a youthful pattern of gene expression (p Conclusions: Young CDCs and CDC-XO rejuvenate old animals as gauged by cardiac gene expression, heart function, exercise capacity and systemic biomarkers.
PIC: practical Internet coordinates for distance estimation (2004)

We introduce PIC, a practical coordinate-based mechanism to estimate Internet network distance (i.e., round-trip delay or network hops). Network distance estimation is important in many applications; for example, network-aware overlay construction and server selection. There are several proposals for distance estimation in the Internet but they all suffer from problems that limit their benefit. Most rely on a small set of infrastructure nodes that are a single point of failure and limit scalability. Others use sets of peers to compute coordinates but these coordinates can be arbitrarily wrong if one of these peers is malicious. While it may be reasonable to secure a small set of infrastructure nodes, it is unreasonable to secure all peers. PIC addresses these problems: it does not rely on infrastructure nodes and it can compute accurate coordinates even when some peers are malicious. We present PIC's design, experimental evaluation, and an application to network-aware overlay construction and maintenance.
On the production and identification of medium‐chained sophorolipids (2010)

Abstract Sophorolipids are biologically produced surfactants that consist of a hydrophilic sophorose moiety bound to a hydroxylated lipophilic substrate. The highest levels of production are currently achieved using Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, an ascomycotous yeast, as the production organism. The lipophilic moiety is typically found to have a length between C 16 and C 18 and thus the applications of readily produced sophorolipids with regard to cleaning purposes are somewhat limited. Experiments were performed to evaluate the conditions under which a β‐oxidation deficient strain of C. bombicola is able to convert 1‐dodecanol into sophorolipids. Both shakeflask and bioreactor cultures yielded C 12 , or medium‐chained, sophorolipids and the effect of aeration on the production level was investigated and found to favour limited aeration. Analysis of the conversion products was performed through RP‐HPLC and the formation of new‐to‐nature sophorolipids was confirmed by MS. The use of the β‐oxidation deficient strain under limited aeration yielded at least 15 g/L of medium‐chained sophorolipids, which is more than in the wild‐type strain or when employing full aeration.
Cathepsin S inhibitors (2004)

Cysteine proteases have attracted considerable interest over the past decade. Lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin S plays an important role in antigen presentation and matrix degradation. Interest for this enzyme has recently grown and ~ 70 patents have appeared over the last 3 years, targeting cathepsin S either solely or among other related cysteine proteases. With the rapidly growing understanding of the pharmacology of cathepsin S, a number of pharmaceutical companies have reported to be actively seeking inhibitors to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The major players in this field are Aventis Pharmaceuticals in collaboration with Celera Genomics (previously Axys pharmaceuticals), Boehringer Ingelheim and Glaxo SmithKline. These companies report compounds undergoing preclinical evaluation. Most of the disclosed inhibitors contain an electrophilic warhead, such as nitriles, activated ketones, aldehydes and β-lactams, that interacts with the catalytic cysteine thiol.
1-(Thienylalkyl)imidazole-2(3H)-thiones as potent competitive inhibitors of dopamine .beta.-hydroxylase (1990)

1-(2-Thienylalkyl)imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (5a-k) are competitive inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and demonstrate the utility of thiophene in the design of potent competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. The structure-activity relationships for these compounds are discussed and compared with those of 1-phenylalkyl-imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (1). With the aid of molecular modeling, an idealized active-site conformer is proposed and an explanation for the difference in activity between the phenyl (1) and thienyl (5) DBH inhibitors is presented. The difference in activity is consistent with our proposal that thiophene may not always be a bioisostere for phenyl. The inhibitor of most interest, 1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]imidazole-2(3H)-thione (5g), was selected for study in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. The changes in dopamine and norepinephrine levels that resulted from oral administration of 5g correlated with the reduction of blood pressure.
Dynamic virtual private networks (2002)

Modifications to a virtual private network's (VPN's) topology, security, service provisioning options, or quality of service (QoS) typically require an end-user request to their service provider, whose personnel currently perform the VPN management. This process incurs more provisioning delay and is more costly than user self-provisioning. This paper presents a new service approach and dynamic virtual private network (D-VPN) technology that marries VPNs with directory enabled networking and Web-based subscriber service selection. It places VPN management into the hands of the user to produce instantaneous results, lowering service-provider operations costs, and subsequently reducing the cost to the end user. The paper also describes the target architecture and framework as well as the initial types of services that could be supported by D-VPN technology.3