gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two receptor systems are involved in the plasma clearance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in vivo. (1995)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a serine protease, catalyzing the initial step in the fibrinolytic process. Intravenously administered t-PA is rapidly cleared from the circulation by the liver. Two distinct clearance mechanisms, which are mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) on liver parenchymal cells and by the mannose receptor on liver endothelial cells, have been described. Using competitors and inhibitors of the receptors, we investigated the role of LRP and carbohydrate receptors in t-PA clearance in vivo. To inhibit LRP, the 39-kD protein, which is a potent inhibitor of LRP activity, was overexpressed in the liver of mice using an adenoviral gene transfer technique. Expression of the 39-kD protein resulted in a sustained plasma concentration and an increase in the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA from less than 1 min to 4-5 min. Blockade of the mannose receptor by intravenous administration of ovalbumin also prolonged the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA to 3-4 min. The same degree of inhibition of t-PA clearance was also observed after administration of an inhibitor of the fucose receptor, fucosyl-BSA. However, under the conditions established for the complete blockade of the mannose receptor, no additional inhibition of t-PA clearance was observed using fucosyl-BSA, suggesting little or no role for the fucose receptor in the clearance of t-PA. Furthermore, a dramatic increase of the plasma half-life of 125I-t-PA (>> 20 min) was observed in mice overexpressing 39-kD protein and administered ovalbumin +/- fucosyl-BSA. Our results clearly demonstrate that two independent receptor systems, LRP and the mannose receptor, are involved in the hepatic clearance of t-PA.
Design of robust knowledge bases of fuzzy controllers for intelligent control of substantially nonlinear dynamic systems: II. A soft computing optimizer and robustness of intelligent control systems (2006)

The structure of intelligent control system (ICS) is analyzed, and the interrelations with conventional problems of the theory and practice of application of control systems are described. The analysis of the results of simulation of typical structures of intelligent control systems has allowed us to establish the following fact. The application of the technique of designing (presented in Part I), which is based on a fuzzy neural network (FNN), does not guarantee in general that the required accuracy of approximation of the training signal (TS) will be reached. As a result, under an essential change of external conditions, the sensitivity level of the controlled plant (CP) increases, which, on the whole, leads to a decrease in the robustness of the intelligent control system, and, as a consequence, to a loss of reliability (accuracy) of achieving the control goal. To eliminate the specified drawback of the neural network, a soft computing optimizer (SCO), which uses the technique of soft computing and allows one to eliminate the drawback, is applied, which results in an increase in the robustness level of the structure of the intelligent control system. The structure of the soft computing optimizer, which contains as a particular case the required configuration of an optimal fuzzy neural network, is considered. The main specific features of the functional operation of the soft computing optimizer and the stages of the process of designing robust knowledge bases (KB) of fuzzy controllers (FC) are described. The methodology of joint stochastic and fuzzy simulation of automatic control system based on the developed tool of the soft computing optimizer is discussed in order to test the robustness and to estimate the limiting structural capabilities of intelligent control systems. The efficiency of the control processes with application of the soft computing optimizer is demonstrated by particular typical examples (benchmarks) of models of dynamic controlled plants under the conditions of incomplete information about the parameters of the structure of the controlled plant and under the presence of unpredicted (abnormal) control situations. Examples of industrial application of robust intelligent control systems in actual control systems designed based on the soft computing optimizer are presented. Practical recommendations for improving the robustness level of intelligent control systems by using new types of computations and simulation are given
LEU3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a factor for control of RNA levels of a group of leucine-specific genes. (1987)

Although the majority of genes for amino acid biosynthesis which have been examined are under general amino acid control, LEU1 and LEU2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae respond specifically to leucine. We report here an analysis of LEU3, a putative leucine-specific regulatory locus. We show that LEU3 is necessary for expression of wild-type levels of LEU1- and LEU2-specific RNAs and, further, that the levels of LEU4-specific transcripts are also affected by LEU3. We cloned LEU3 and showed by DNA sequence analysis that it contained an open reading frame of 886 amino acids. A striking feature of the predicted LEU3 protein was a cluster of acidic amino acids (19 of 20) located in the C-terminal half of the coding region. The protein also had a repeated cysteine motif which was conserved in a number of other yeast proteins implicated in gene regulation. We show that whole-cell extracts contained a LEU3-dependent DNA-binding activity that interacted with the 5' region of LEU2. Subdivision of the LEU2 5' region established that the LEU3-dependent DNA-binding activity interacted with the segment which had the previously reported homology with LEU1.
OTF compensation in structured illumination superresolution images (2008)

The lateral resolution of an imaging system is limited by its numerical aperture and the wavelength. Structured illumination incident on the object heterodynes the higher spatial frequencies of the object with the spatial frequency of the sinusoidal illumination into the passband of the imaging system providing lateral superresolution. This idea has been implemented in microscopy. Multiple images of an object are taken, with distinct phase shifts in the sinusoidally patterned illumination. They are processed to separate the conventional, un-aliased object spatial frequencies from the aliased ones, which contain superresolution information. The separated aliased terms are de-aliased (i.e. the spatial frequencies in them are moved to their correct locations in Fourier space) giving superresolution along the direction perpendicular to the orientation of the sinusoidal fringe pattern. This process is repeated with, say, 60° and 120° rotation of the sinusoidal fringe illumination to obtain superresolution in all directions. The final reconstructed image can be obtained by appropriate combination of the de-aliased superresolution components with the conventional, un-aliased components. We discuss the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and optical transfer function (OTF) compensation in the combination of all these components to obtain an image with lateral superresolution.
Probabilistic fatigue life prediction using ultrasonic inspection data considering equivalent initial flaw size uncertainty (2013)

This study presents a systematical method for probabilistic fatigue life prediction using ultrasonic inspection data. A probabilistic model to correlate the ultrasonic inspection reported size and the actual size is proposed based on historical data of rotor flaw sizing. Both of the reported size and the actual size are quantified in terms of the equivalent reflector diameter. The equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) is then calculated based on the actual size for fatigue propagation analysis. All major uncertainties, such as EIFS uncertainty, fatigue crack growth model parameter uncertainty, and experimental data measurement uncertainty are explicitly included in the fatigue life prediction. Bayesian parameter estimation is used to estimate fatigue crack growth model parameters and measurement uncertainties using a limited number of fatigue testing data points. The overall procedure is demonstrated using a Cr-Mo-V rotor segment with ultrasonic inspection data. Interpretations of the probabilistic prediction results are given.
Locales and beacons: efficient and precise support for large multi-user virtual environments (1996)

There is a natural desire to make multi-user virtual environments large in spatial extent, in numbers of objects, and in numbers of users interacting with the environment. However, doing this brings up several problems: efficiently managing the flow of large amounts of data between large numbers of users, representing precise position and velocity information about objects that are arrayed across a large volume of space, and allowing designers to create parts of a virtual environment separately and combine them together later. Locales are an efficient method for solving these problems by breaking up a virtual world into compact chunks that can be described and communicated independently. In addition, locales can be used to support a number of special effects that allow virtual worlds to easily transcend reality. While having many benefits, locales introduce an additional problem: finding something when you do not know what locale it is in. This is solved by the companion concept of beacons, which makes it possible to find something no matter where it is.
Role of Human Cytochromes P450 in the Metabolic Activation of Chemical Carcinogens and Toxins (1994)

(1994). Role of Human Cytochromes P450 in the Metabolic Activation of Chemical Carcinogens and Toxins. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 26, No. 1-2, pp. 165-183.
3D heterogeneous integrated monolayer graphene Si-CMOS RF gas sensor platform (2017)

We report the first monolithically integrated CMOS-monolayer graphene gas sensor, with a minimal number of essential post-CMOS processing steps, demonstrating a platform technology that enables integration of nascent two-dimensional materials with the low latency, low power and cost advantages of silicon CMOS (Si-CMOS) platform. Heterogeneous integration of Si-CMOS and two-dimensional materials such as monolayer graphene is a step toward enabling future mobile sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT) and achieving more-than-Moore (MtM) scaling. The graphene integration presented here addresses considerable barriers to heterogeneous integration with Si-CMOS, namely post-CMOS process parameters such as temperature and material limits, and the low-power requirements of untethered sensors in general. A co-designed driving circuit in mature 0.18 μm Si-CMOS foundry technology provides the foundation for directly integrated graphene chemiresistive junctions in a radio frequency (RF) wireless-enabled circuit platform.
Stability Improvement of High-Pressure-Ratio Turbocharger Centrifugal Compressor by Asymmetrical Flow Control—Part II: Nonaxisymmetrical Self-Recirculation Casing Treatment (2012)

This is part II of a two-part paper involving the development of an asymmetrical flow control method to widen the operating range of a turbocharger centrifugal compressor with high-pressure ratio. A nonaxisymmetrical self-recirculation casing treatment (SRCT) as an instance of asymmetrical flow control method is presented. Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the impact of nonaxisymmetrical SRCT on the surge point of the centrifugal compressor. First, the influence of the geometry of a symmetric SRCT on the compressor performance was studied by means of numerical simulation. The key parameter of the SRCT was found to be the distance from the main blade leading edge to the rear groove (S<sub>r</sub>). Next, several arrangements of a nonaxisymmetrical SRCT were designed, based on flow analysis presented in part I. Then, a series of experiments were carried out to analyze the influence of nonaxisymmetrical SRCT on the compressor performance. Results show that the nonaxisymmetrical SRCT has a certain influence on the performance and has a larger potential for stability improvement than the traditional symmetric SRCT. For the investigated SRCT, the surge flow rate of the compressor with the nonaxisymmetrical SRCTs is about 10% lower than that of the compressor with symmetric SRCT. The largest surge margin (smallest surge flow rate) can be obtained when the phase of the largest S<sub>r</sub> is coincident with the phase of the minimum static pressure in the vicinity of the leading edge of the splitter blades.
Super-sensitivity multiphoton frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2016)

We present a series of experiments that demonstrate a super-sensitive chemical imaging technique based on multiphoton frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (MPM-FD-FLIM) that shows a 2× improvement in imaging speed compared to the theoretical limit of conventional MPM-FD-FLIM. Additionally, this technique produces unprecedented sensitivity over a large range of fluorescence lifetimes. These results are achieved through simple modifications to data analysis in a conventional MPM-FD-FLIM microscope and are based on an analytical model describing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a MPM-FD-FLIM system [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A33, B1 (2016)]. Here we experimentally validate this model.
Thin-film DC SQUID gradiometer (1977)

A thin-film dc SQUID gradiometer has been fabricated on a single planar substrate. The superconducting pick-up loops consist of a lead strip in the form of a 48 × 16 mm rectangle with a niobium strip bisecting the rectangle. A tunnel junction dc SQUID is symmetrically located on the niobium strip. If there is a spatial gradient in the magnetic field applied to the gradiometer so that the magnetic fluxes threading the two pick-up loops differ, a supercurrent is induced in the niobium strip that is detected by the SQUID. The noise power spectrum of the SQUID is white down to a frequency of about 5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> Hz with a rms flux noise of 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> φ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> , corresponding to a gradient sensitivity of 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> G cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> .
Optimization-based optical diffraction tomography with spatially incoherent illumination (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Typical quantitative refractive index (RI) imaging methods (e.g. optical diffraction tomography) use coherent illumination and interferometric detection to reconstruct 3D phase objects. We have developed a new technique to perform accurate ODT reconstructions using spatially incoherent illumination. This technique reconstructs the RI by minimizing the difference between simulated and interferometrically measured cross-correlation between the diffracted field and a reference image of the illumination, using the fast iterative shrinkage / thresholding algorithm (FISTA) framework. We numerically validate this technique by comparing results obtained with spatially incoherent illumination, to those obtained with coherent illumination, and obtain high-resolution reconstructions of similar quality.
n‐Butylferrocene for Overcharge Protection of Secondary Lithium Batteries (1990)

Many applications of secondary Li batteries require high voltage power sources which necessitate the fabrication of batteries in which a number of cells are connected in series. A built-in mechanism to prevent overcharge is a highly essential feature of such batteries in order to maintain capacity balance among their individual cells as well as to prevent oxidative degradation of the electrolyte. This paper discusses the use of n-butylferrocene for overcharge protection of secondary Li batteries.
<title>Encrypted optical memory using double-random phase encoding</title> (1998)

We describe an encrypted optical memory that uses double- random phase encoding at the input plane and the Fourier plane. This technique allows the images to be stored as independent white complex stationary processes. Experimental results and computer simulations are presented.
Selection of Cloud Service Providers for Hosting Web Applications in a Multi-cloud Environment (2020)

With the evolving data regulations and residency laws, it is becoming challenging for enterprises to serve all the geographically distributed users. To abide with the regulations and to leverage the benefits, such as good quality of service at a low cost, and avoid vendor lock-in, enterprises are seeking multiple Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) for hosting their web applications. The selection of CSPs in a multi-cloud environment is a challenging problem as it depends on multiple criteria such as security, service cost, manageability and so on.In this paper, we address the CSP selection problem for multiple applications in a multi-cloud environment comprising of multiple criteria. We provide a holistic solution methodology that ranks the CSP combinations for each web application using a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique. The solution methodology takes virtual machine and cloud center selection into consideration for ranking the CSP combinations. However, selecting the top ranked CSP combinations for all applications may not be a viable option from the manageability and budget perspectives. Hence, we propose an optimization model to select CSPs for multiple applications of an enterprise considering budget and rank. We demonstrate our methodology through numerical experiments and provide various insights.
A deterministic least-squares approach to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) (2001)

A direct data domain (D/sup 3/) least-squares space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approach is presented for adaptively enhancing signals in a nonhomogeneous environment. The nonhomogeneous environment may consist of nonstationary clutter and could include blinking jammers. The D/sup 3/ approach is applied to data collected by an antenna array utilizing space and in time (Doppler) diversity. Conventional STAP generally utilizes statistical methodologies based on estimating a covariance matrix of the interference using data from secondary range cells. As the results are derived from ensemble averages, one filter (optimum in a probabilistic sense) is obtained for the operational environment, assumed to be wide sense stationary. However for highly transient and inhomogeneous environments the conventional statistical methodology is difficult to apply. Hence, the D/sup 3/ method is presented as it analyzes the data in space and time over each range cell separately. The D/sup 3/ method is deterministic in approach. From an operational standpoint, an optimum method could be a combination of these two diverse methodologies. This paper represents several new D/sup 3/ approaches. One is based on the computation of a generalized eigenvalue for the signal strength and the others are based on the solution of a set of block Hankel matrix equations. Since the matrix of the system of equations to be solved has a block Hankel structure, the conjugate gradient method and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be utilized for efficient solution of the adaptive problem. Illustrative examples presented in this paper use measured data from the multichannel airborne radar measurements (MCARM) database to detect a Sabreliner in the presence of urban, land, and sea clutter. An added advantage for the D/sup 3/ method in solving real-life problems is that simultaneously many realizations can be obtained for the same solution for the signal of interest (SOI). The degree of variability amongst the different results can provide a confidence level of the processed results. The D/sup 3/ method may also be used for mobile communications.
Visualizing the structure of large relational databases (1996)

Large relational databases, such as those associated with legacy software systems, can be difficult to engineer and extend. The visualization system discussed in the paper abandons the use of entity-relationship diagrams in favor of a 2D, multiview, color representation of the database structure. It can easily display databases with more than 1,000 relations.
CALCULATION OF REPRODUCING SENSITIVITY OF PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC RECORDING HEADS USING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (1989)

The dependence of the reproducing sensitivity of a perpendicular magnetic recording head on track width was nvestigated using a three-dimensional finite element method. To verify the result, another approach using a approximate magnetic circuit was adopted. The result of this approach agrees with that of using a three-imensional finite element method for a track width of more than 20 μm. The computed result is in agreement with an experimental result : the reproduced voltage normalized by the track width increases as the track width narrows.
Two new methods for separating and quantifying bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma. (1984)

We describe two new methods for the separation and quantification of the bone and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in plasma. In the first, we use wheat-germ lectin to precipitate the bone isoenzyme. About 80% of this, but minimal liver isoenzyme, is precipitated. The activity of the bone isoenzyme is calculated from measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity in the precipitate, that of liver alkaline phosphatase by subtracting the activity of the bone isoenzyme from total alkaline phosphatase activity. The liver fraction will also contain biliary, intestinal, and placental alkaline phosphatase if these are present in the original plasma, but correction for such activity is readily made. In the second method, samples are separated on cellulose acetate membranes that, before electrophoresis, have been soaked in buffer containing wheat-germ lectin. The bone isoenzyme is retarded and clearly separated from the liver fraction, allowing these isoenzymes to be quantified by densitometry. Both methods are rapid, reproducible, and suitable for use in the diagnostic laboratory.
High Level of<i>var2csa</i>Transcription by<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Isolated from the Placenta (2005)

Udgivelsesdato: 2005-Jul-15
Mechanism of the Ligand‐Free Cu<sup>I</sup>‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction (2005)

A powerful engine: The Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition depends on rapid formation of CuI–acetylide complexes from terminal alkynes 2 and their ability to activate organic azides 1. A kinetics study uncovered a bimolecular dependence on the metal and an unusually fast intramolecular variant of the process. The results suggest the importance of 3 as a reactive intermediate.
Synergistic Lethal Effect of a Combination of Phage Lytic Enzymes with Different Activities on Penicillin-Sensitive and -Resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Strains (2002)

Pal and Cpl-1, two purified bacteriophage lytic enzymes, were tested for their in vitro activity, alone and in combination, against several serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including penicillin-resistant strains. The enzymes demonstrated synergism in their ability to cleave the bacterial peptidoglycan and thus may be more efficient for the prevention and elimination of pneumococcal colonization.