gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
0230 Preimmunization With a Non-pathogenic Bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC11659 Prevents the Development of Cortical Hyperarousal and a PTSD-like Sleep Phenotype Following Sleep Disruption Plus Acute Stress in Mice. (2019)

Because regular sleep disruption can increase vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders, there is a need to explore novel countermeasures to increase stress resilience after inadequate sleep. Immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC11659 (MV), an environmental bacterium and immunomodulator, can increase resilience to chronic stress in mice. We therefore tested the hypothesis that MV immunization would prevent the negative impacts of five days of sleep disruption on stress-induced changes in sleep in mice. 120 male C57BL/6N mice were implanted with EEG/EMG recording devices and given 3 weekly injections of either MV or vehicle before entering the experimental protocol (day 0). On days 1-5, sleep was disrupted by a slowly rotating bar, with an ad libitum sleep opportunity from ZT2-ZT6. At ZT4 of day 5, mice were exposed to a 1-hour episode of social defeat stress. Sleep recording continued for seven days after social defeat (day 12). Groups received just sleep disruption, just social defeat, both (‘double hit’), or neither. In vehicle-treated mice receiving just social defeat, an increase in NREM delta (0.5-4Hz) power compared to baseline was observed during the post-stress dark period (p=0.005, Wilcoxon signed rank test). However, this was absent in mice receiving the double hit, who instead had elevated power in the high frequency beta (15-30Hz) power band in both NREM (p=0.002) and REM (p=0.001). Mice receiving the double hit also had increased REM and sleep fragmentation compared to controls for at least 6 days post-stress (p<0.05, ANOVA). NREM beta power immediately post-stress correlated with REM sleep disturbances 6 days later. MV preimmunization prevented all double hit-induced sleep disturbances. These results suggest repeated sleep disruption may increase vulnerability to an acute stressor in part by shifting the adaptive increase in delta power to a maladaptive increase in beta power during post-stress sleep. Importantly, these data provide further evidence supporting microbiota-based countermeasures to promote health. Office of Naval Research Grant #N00014-15-1-2809; NIH Training Grant T32HL007909
SE-Sync: A certifiably correct algorithm for synchronization over the special Euclidean group (2018)

Many important geometric estimation problems naturally take the form of synchronization over the special Euclidean group: estimate the values of a set of unknown group elements [Formula: see text] given noisy measurements of a subset of their pairwise relative transforms [Formula: see text]. Examples of this class include the foundational problems of pose-graph simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) (in robotics), camera motion estimation (in computer vision), and sensor network localization (in distributed sensing), among others. This inference problem is typically formulated as a non-convex maximum-likelihood estimation that is computationally hard to solve in general. Nevertheless, in this paper we present an algorithm that is able to efficiently recover certifiably globally optimal solutions of the special Euclidean synchronization problem in a non-adversarial noise regime. The crux of our approach is the development of a semidefinite relaxation of the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) whose minimizer provides an exact maximum-likelihood estimate so long as the magnitude of the noise corrupting the available measurements falls below a certain critical threshold; furthermore, whenever exactness obtains, it is possible to verify this fact a posteriori, thereby certifying the optimality of the recovered estimate. We develop a specialized optimization scheme for solving large-scale instances of this semidefinite relaxation by exploiting its low-rank, geometric, and graph-theoretic structure to reduce it to an equivalent optimization problem defined on a low-dimensional Riemannian manifold, and then design a Riemannian truncated-Newton trust-region method to solve this reduction efficiently. Finally, we combine this fast optimization approach with a simple rounding procedure to produce our algorithm, SE-Sync. Experimental evaluation on a variety of simulated and real-world pose-graph SLAM datasets shows that SE-Sync is capable of recovering certifiably globally optimal solutions when the available measurements are corrupted by noise up to an order of magnitude greater than that typically encountered in robotics and computer vision applications, and does so significantly faster than the Gauss–Newton-based approach that forms the basis of current state-of-the-art techniques.
The <i>XAGE</i> family of cancer/testis‐associated genes: Alignment and expression profile in normal tissues, melanoma lesions and Ewing's sarcoma (2002)

The existence of XAGE genes was first reported after database homology searches for PAGE-like sequences identified 3 XAGE EST clusters. One of these clusters, XAGE-1, has in later studies been identified as a cancer/testis-associated gene. Here, we report the expression profiles of all 3 reported XAGE genes, as well as several splice variants of XAGE-1, in normal human tissues, Ewing's sarcoma and melanocytic tumors. We also provide the genetic structure of the corresponding genes. Moreover, by searching the databases for XAGE homologues, we identified 3 additional GAGE-like genes. RT-PCR studies showed frequent expression in melanoma metastases and Ewing's sarcoma for 2 XAGE-1-derived transcripts. XAGE-2 was expressed at lower frequency in these tissues, while XAGE-3 was seen only in normal placenta. Due to a frameshift, the largest XAGE-1 putative protein is far less homologous to GAGE-like proteins than the other XAGEs. Interestingly, all GAGE-like genes contain a large secondary open reading frame, coding for putative proteins homologues to the XAGE-1 primary protein. The XAGE family of cancer/testis-associated genes is located on chromosome Xp11.21-Xp11.22. The data outline a superfamily of GAGE-like cancer/testis antigens, consisting of at least 19 genes.
The Catalytic Mechanism of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclase (1997)

The mechanism of P-site inhibition of adenylyl cyclase has been probed by equilibrium binding measurements using 2'-[3H]deoxyadenosine, a P-site inhibitor, and by kinetic analysis of both the forward and reverse reactions (i.e. cyclic AMP and ATP synthesis, respectively). There is one binding site for 2'-deoxyadenosine per C1/C2 heterodimer; the Kd is 40 +/- 3 microM. Binding is observed only in the presence of one of the products of the adenylyl cyclase reaction, pyrophosphate (PPi). A substrate analog, Ap(CH2)pp (alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate), and cyclic AMP compete for the P-site in the presence of PPi, but P-site analogs do not compete for substrate binding (in the absence of PPi). Kinetic analysis indicates that release of products from the enzyme is random. These facts permit formulation of a model for the adenylyl cyclase reaction, for which we provide substantial kinetic support. We propose that P-site analogs act as dead-end inhibitors of product release, stabilizing an enzyme-product (E-PPi) complex by binding at the active site. Although product release is random, cyclic AMP dissociates from the enzyme preferentially. Release of PPi is slow and partially rate-limiting.
Impregnation technique using colored epoxy to define porosity in petrographic thin sections (1980)

This vacuum-assisted technique for colored impregnation of all rock types clearly defines porosity, even in low-permeability, very fine grained, or semifriable material. The technique is also suitable for use with water-soluble and heat-sensitive material. The technique is trouble-free and provides a practical way of visually reproducing rock pore space less than 1 μm in size.
Two‐Step Production of Oil Enriched in Conjugated Linoleic Acids and Diacylglycerol (2006)

Abstract A two‐step process was used to produce diacylglycerol‐enriched structured lipid that contained mainly c 9, t 11 and t 10, c 12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA). First, a structured triacylglycerol (TAG) was synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of corn oil with CLA. This structured triacylglycerol contained 30.4 mol% CLA with 45.5% of the CLA mostly located at sn ‐1,3 positions of the glycerol backbone. Then, lipase‐catalyzed glycerolysis was conducted between structured triacylglycerol and glycerol to produce diacylglycerol‐enriched structured lipid. The final product contained 6.8% monoacylglycerol, 31.5% diacylglycerol and 61.1% TAG after 48 h reaction. The selected chemical (fatty acid composition, the content of mono‐, di‐, and triacylglycerol in the reaction product) and physical properties (melting profile) were determined by hihg‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Metabolism targeting therapy of dichloroacetate-loaded electrospun mats on colorectal cancer (2013)

Differences in energy metabolism between tumor cells and normal cells offer an attractive avenue of research into drug targets for tumor therapy. The use of a metabolic modulator (sodium dichloroacetate, DCA), administered in situ, to reverse the "Warburg effect" of tumor cells has been demonstrated as an effective tumor therapy. Herein, DCA and diisopropylamine dichloroacetate (DADA) were incorporated separately into polylactide (PLA) electrospun mats and applied to C26 tumor-bearing mice via in situ administration. After 12 d of treatment, the tumor suppression rates of 75% and 84% were achieved in the DC group (treated with a DCA-loaded mat) and the DA group (treated with a DADA-loaded mat), respectively. With tolerable physiologic toxicity under high local concentration, the DA group showed a 95% tumor suppression rate without any recurrence after 15 d of therapy. The desirable therapeutic effects of these metabolic modulators should ascribe to the energy-central metabolism-targeting effects of DCA and DADA, which were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, DCA- and DADA-loaded mats are the effective anti-cancer drugs dosages to discriminate between tumor cells and normal cells for minimizing systemic toxicity.
Extensional viscosity of copper nanowire suspensions in an aqueous polymer solution (2015)

Suspensions of copper nanowires are emerging as new electronic inks for next-generation flexible electronics. Using a novel surface acoustic wave driven extensional flow technique we are able to perform currently lacking analysis of these suspensions and their complex buffer. We observe extensional viscosities from 3 mPa s (1 mPa s shear viscosity) to 37.2 Pa s via changes in the suspension concentration, thus capturing low viscosities that have been historically very challenging to measure. These changes equate to an increase in the relative extensional viscosity of nearly 12,200 times at a volume fraction of just 0.027. We also find that interactions between the wires and the necessary polymer additive affect the rheology strongly. Polymer-induced elasticity shows a reduction as the buffer relaxation time falls from 819 to 59 μs above a critical particle concentration. The results and technique presented here should aid in the future formulation of these promising nanowire suspensions and their efficient application as inks and coatings.
Boom Sprayer Calibration for Pesticide Applications (1999)

To protect your investment in agricultural pesticides, a boom sprayer should be calibrated at the start of the season and whenever application conditions change. Also, sprayer output should be periodically checked throughout the season to assure proper application rate. Although boom sprayers are calibrated in a variety of ways, each method utilizes the measurements of nozzle flow rate and equipment travel speed.
Construction and Characterization of Novel, Recombinant Immunotoxins Targeting the <i>Her2/neu</i> Oncogene Product: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Studies (2009)

The goal of this study was to characterize a series of anti-Her2/neu immunotoxin constructs to identify how different antibodies and linker choices affect the specificity and cytotoxicity of these proteins. We constructed a series of immunotoxins containing either the human single-chain antibody (scFv) C6.5 or the murine scFv e23 fused to the highly toxic recombinant gelonin (rGel) molecule. Based on the flexible GGGGS linker (L), the fusion construct C6.5-L-rGel was compared with e23-L-rGel to evaluate the specific cytotoxic effects against Her2/neu-positive and Her2/neu-negative tumor cells. Both constructs retained the specificity of the original antibody as well as the biological activity of rGel toxin. The two constructs displayed similar cytotoxicity against different carcinoma cells. We additionally introduced the modified linkers TRHRQPRGWEQL (Fpe) and AGNRVRRSVG (Fdt), which contained furin cleavage sites, to determine the effect of these design changes on stability and cell killing efficiency. The introduction of furin cleavage linkers (Fpe or Fdt) into the molecules resulted in dissimilar sensitivity to protease cleavage compared with the constructs containing the L linker, but very similar intracellular rGel release, cytotoxic kinetics, and induction of autophagic cell death in vitro. Xenograft studies with SKOV3 ovarian tumors were done using various C6.5/rGel constructs. C6.5-L-rGel was more efficient in tumor inhibition than constructs containing furin linkers, attributing to a higher stability in vivo of the L version. Therefore, our studies suggest that human C6.5-L-rGel may be an effective novel clinical agent for therapy of patients with Her2/neu-overexpressing malignancies.
Tomo-Seq Identifies SOX9 as a Key Regulator of Cardiac Fibrosis During Ischemic Injury (2017)

Based on the exact local expression cues, tomo-seq can serve to reveal novel genes and key transcription factors involved in specific aspects of cardiac remodeling. Using tomo-seq, we were able to unveil the unknown relevance of SOX9 as a key regulator of cardiac fibrosis, pointing to SOX9 as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis.
Comparison of non‐invasive and invasive blood pressure in aeromedical care (2012)

Blood pressure measurement is an essential physiological measurement for all critically ill patients. Previous work has shown that non-invasive blood pressure is not an accurate reflection of invasive blood pressure measurement. In a transport environment, the effects of motion and vibration may make non-invasive blood pressure less accurate. Consecutive critically ill patients transported by a dedicated aeromedical retrieval and critical care transfer service with simultaneous invasive and non-invasive blood pressure measurements were analysed. Two sets of measurements were recorded, first in a hospital environment before departure (pre-flight) and a second during aeromedical transport (in-flight). A total of 56 complete sets of data were analysed. Bland-Altman plots showed limits of agreement (precision) for pre-flight systolic blood pressure were -37.3 mmHg to 30.0 mmHg, and for pre-flight mean arterial pressure -20.5 mmHg to 25.0 mmHg. The limits of agreement for in-flight systolic blood pressure were -40.6 mmHg to 33.1 mmHg, while those for in-flight mean blood pressure in-flight were -23.6 mmHg to 24.6 mmHg. The bias for the four conditions ranged from 0.5 to -3.8 mmHg. There were no significant differences in values between pre-flight and in-flight blood pressure measurements for all categories of blood pressure measurement. Thus, our data show that non-invasive blood pressure is not a precise reflection of invasive intra-arterial blood pressure. Mean blood pressure measured non-invasively may be a better marker of invasive blood pressure than systolic blood pressure. Our data show no evidence of non-invasive blood pressures being less accurate in an aeromedical transport environment.
Specificity in the recognition of crystals by antibodies (1994)

We show that IgG molecules isolated from the serum of rabbits injected with crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate, magnesium urate octahydrate and allopurinol, can each catalyze the nucleation of the same type of crystal to which they were exposed. These results generalize previous findings related to monosodium urate monohydrate and assess the idea that the invasion of a foreign crystal into an organism may amplify a population of antibodies which bear in their binding sites an imprint of the crystal surface structure. Such antibodies can further act as nucleating templates which accelerate crystal formation in vitro. Antibodies isolated from rabbits injected with sodium urate crystals do not cross-react or cross-react only to a low extent with antibodies isolated from rabbits injected with crystals of either magnesium urate or allopurinol. These results indicate a high specificity of the elicited antibodies, as these can distinguish between nuclei of crystals having similar molecular and structural characteristics.
Advantages and disadvantages of lumping together gastroesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia (2006)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a well defined disease which can be diagnosed objectively with endoscopy or 24-h pH/impedance monitoring with symptom association analysis. Functional dyspepsia is a functional disorder for which no objective test has yet been discovered. Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is based on objectively identified abnormalities and highly effective. Treatment of functional dyspepsia is empiric and marginally effective. For these reasons, the lumping together of gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia is not to be advised.
Work, music, and friendship (2023)

ABSTRACT Drawing extensively on letters sent to me by him over fifty years, this paper tries to present a vivid picture of Paul Hirst in different aspects of his life. The first section covers the huge amount of work he did at the universities of London and Cambridge—in teaching and writing philosophy of education, high-level administrative university responsibilities, and involvement in national education policy. This is followed by a glimpse into his passion for music, especially opera. Final sections show him as an academic mentor and friend.
Application to the Synthesis of Enantiopure Phosphonates Analogous to Triglycerides: A New Class of Inhibitors of Lipases (1999)

Phosphonate compounds mimic the first transition state occurring during enzymatic carboxyester hydrolysis of natural substrates by forming a covalent bond with the catalytic serine. However, until now the organophosphorus compounds used in the inhibition studies more or less resembled a natural triglyceride substrate. In order to elucidate the interfacial activation and the mechanism of action of lipases, specific inhibitors need to be prepared. To achieve this goal, enantiomerically pure sn-1,2- and sn-2,3-O-didecanoylglycerol compounds were prepared – starting from a C-4 chiral synthon, 3-buten-1,2-diol – and treated with n-pentylphosphonic dichloride and p-nitrophenol to afford the corresponding diastereomeric phosphonates, which were acylglycerol analogs. Subsequent separation of each of the phosphonate diastereomers A/B or ent-A/ent-B, performed by HPLC, led to four enantiopure stereoisomers that will be investigated as inhibitors of Human Pancreatic Lipase (HPL) and Human Gastric Lipase (HGL) using the monomolecular film technique.
Flash evaporated junction (Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3)(n) / Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3)(p) used as micro-Peltier module (1997)

International audience
Athletic Pubalgia and the “Sports Hernia”: MR Imaging Findings (2008)

MR imaging depicts patterns of findings in patients with athletic pubalgia, including rectus abdominis insertional injury, thigh adductor injury, and articular diseases at the pubic symphysis (osteitis pubis).
Adhesion between Pure and Mixed Surfactant Layers (1999)

We study adhesive emulsion droplets that are stabilized with pure and mixed surfactant systems. By measuring contact angles between the droplets, we deduce the energy of adhesion and the Gibbs adsorption of ionic and nonionic surfactants onto the adhesive interfaces. We find that this adsorption is significantly different from the adsorption onto isolated monolayers. The difference reflects the coupling between adsorption and surface interactions. In addition, we investigate the consequences of these phenomena on the behavior of micron-sized emulsions. The adhesion between the surfactant layers leads to the aggregation of the particles and to their deposit onto solid substrates, being thereby potentially useful for applications related to coatings and colloidal deposits.
Papanicolaou smears in pregnancy. Positivity of exfoliated cells for human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen. (1993)

Trophoblastic cells are seen rarely in cervical exfoliative cytology during normal pregnancy but are thought to occur with increasing frequency in the clinical setting of threatened abortion. We performed a clinicopathologic and immunologic study to determine the significance of multinucleate syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic cells in cervicovaginal smears from 13 women identified by cytomorphologic screening during a six-year period. Control groups included 11 patients who subsequently had spontaneous abortions and 15 patients with uneventful pregnancies. Immunocytochemistry was performed using a cocktail of antihuman chorionic gonadotropin and antihuman placental lactogen antisera. Five of the 13 screen-positive cases, 1 of the 11 spontaneous abortion cases and 0 of the 15 normal pregnancies were positive on immunostaining. Clinical follow-up showed that none of the screen-positive pregnancies, including those also positive on immunostaining, ended in spontaneous abortion. Further, there was no significant difference in fetal weight or Apgar scores between the controls and the screen-positive group. The presence of trophoblastic cells on cervicovaginal smears during pregnancy is not a reliable indicator of impending abortion.
Managed hybrid storage for home and SOHO environments (2013)

Abstract—From specific-purpose storage appliances to the new generation of cloud storage services, the industry has different solutions for the data storage needs of home and small office users, whereas for backup, resource consolidation or file sharing purposes. Although dedicated appliances and cloud services offer a different balance between capacity, accessibility, and cost, the two paradigms are complementary, rather than incompatible. This paper proposes an operator-managed hybrid storage service which explores the existing complementarity between the appliance-based and the cloud-based storage service models. By making use of home gateways/routers as storage service appliances, it aims to provide an integrated solution eliminating the need for dedicated storage devices. The proposed approach fully integrates with the prevailing management frameworks already used by broadband access network operators, namely the