gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phytoextraction of Soil Cobalt Using Hyperaccumulator Plants (2000)

ABSTRACT A greenhouse study was conducted on phytoextraction of cobalt by nickel hyperaccumulators Alyssum murale and Alyssum corsicum and by two varieties of cobalt accumulator Nyssa sylvatica compared with the nonmetal accumulator crop plant Brassica juncea. The plants were grown on Sassafras sandy loam soil (<2 mg Co and 5 mg Ni/kg dry soil), amended with 1 mmol Co/kg dry soil (58.9 mg/kg), and two Ni smelter-contaminated soils, Quarry muck with 24 mg Co and 1720 mg Ni/kg dry soil and Welland loam with 37 mg Co and 2570 mg Ni/kg dry soil. All soils were adjusted to pH 6.5 to prevent Ni phytotoxicity. Of the five plant entries tested in the study, the two Alyssum species demonstrated the most promising Co phytoextraction results. In Co-amended Sassafras soil, the maximum concentration accumulated by Alyssum murale was 1320 mg Co/kg dry weight, which was almost 60 times higher than accumulation by crop plant Brassica juncea. At a single harvest after 60 days of growth, A. murale was able to extract more than 3% of Co from Co-amended soil. As expected, both Alyssum species accumulated up to 1% Ni on dry weight basis when grown on Ni-contaminated soils. Nyssa sylvatica showed considerable Co accumulation; foliar Co concentration in the second harvest was as high as 800 mg/kg dry weight. The first few leaves that emerged were chlorotic, both in the Co-amended soil and Ni-contaminated soils, but with growth the signs of toxicity disappeared. In the Co amended soil, Co concentration in Nyssa sylvatica leaves was 30% of that found in shoots of Alyssum species, but an order of magnitude higher than that of Brassica juncea. The leaves accumulated a higher concentration compared with the stems. Both Alyssum species and Nyssa sylvatica offer promise for phytoextraction of Co and 60Co from contaminated or mineralized soils. KEY WORDS: phytoremediation Alyssum murale Alyssum corsicum Nyssa sylvatica nickelcobalt
Interleukin‐6 induces both cell growth and VEGF production in malignant mesotheliomas (2006)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an incurable tumor, is reportedly an interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreting tumor. The pathological significance of IL-6 overexpression in this tumor, however, has remained unclear. We investigated the biological functions of IL-6 in mesotheliomas. Five mesothelioma cell lines were analyzed for IL-6 production and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression. Of them, 2 produced high levels of IL-6, 2 produced intermediate levels and 1 cell line showed no secretion. All mesothelioma cell lines used in this study expressed very small amounts of IL-6R mRNA. We compensated for this low level of IL-6R expression in mesotheliomas by adding recombinant soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) to mediate the IL-6 signal. IL-6 together with sIL-6R was found to promote cell growth of H2052 and H226 MMs classified as high-level IL-6 producers in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, a humanized anti-IL-6R antibody (MRA) capable of blocking IL-6 signaling suppressed the cell growth of mesotheliomas induced by IL-6/sIL-6R. These findings demonstrate that IL-6 serves as an autocrine growth factor in the development of mesothelioma. In addition, IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 4 out of 5 cell lines, and this induction was inhibited by MRA treatment. The involvement of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in both cell growth and VEGF induction by IL-6/sIL-6R was verified by dominant negative STAT3 transduction combined with adenovirus gene-delivery methods. Although IL-6 induces VEGF through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, anti-VEGF antibody could not inhibit the IL-6-induced cell growth observed in H2052 and H226. We concluded that IL-6-dependent growth does not occur via VEGF induction. These results suggest that treatment with anti-IL-6R antibody may constitute a potential molecular targeting therapy for MMs.
Micromachined silicon deformable mirror (1998)

A new silicon deformable mirror design is presented which provides high reflectivity, an optical quality continuous surface, and high intensity handling capacity. Its features make it useful for a wide range of devices including telescopes, leasers, and photolithographic systems. The mirror architecture is similar to commercial electrostrictive deformable mirrors. A focus corrector built using this architecture exhibited 2.25 microns of actuation at the center through the application of 100v corresponding to a radius of curvature of -2.4m. A 30 micrometers thick 1cm diameter silicon mirrors exhibited its first mechanical resonance at 2.7kHz. A mirror coated with 100nm of gold was shown to be able to withstand 100kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> of continuous wave 1064nm intensity for 10 minutes without observable degradation. An active mode-matching experiment was performed showing that 99.5 percent of a Nd:YAG beam could be coupled to a finesse 4000 ring cavity.
An artifact-robust, shape library-based algorithm for automatic segmentation of inner ear anatomy in post-cochlear-implantation CT (2014)

A cochlear implant (CI) is a device that restores hearing using an electrode array that is surgically placed in the cochlea. After implantation, the CI is programmed to attempt to optimize hearing outcome. Currently, we are testing an image-guided CI programming (IGCIP) technique we recently developed that relies on knowledge of relative position of intracochlear anatomy to implanted electrodes. IGCIP is enabled by a number of algorithms we developed that permit determining the positions of electrodes relative to intra-cochlear anatomy using a pre- and a post-implantation CT. One issue with this technique is that it cannot be used for many subjects for whom a pre-implantation CT was not acquired. Pre-implantation CT has been necessary because it is difficult to localize the intra-cochlear structures in post-implantation CTs alone due to the image artifacts that obscure the cochlea. In this work, we present an algorithm for automatically segmenting intra-cochlear anatomy in post-implantation CTs. Our approach is to first identify the labyrinth and then use its position as a landmark to localize the intra-cochlea anatomy. Specifically, we identify the labyrinth by first approximately estimating its position by mapping a labyrinth surface of another subject that is selected from a library of such surfaces and then refining this estimate by a standard shape model-based segmentation method. We tested our approach on 10 ears and achieved overall mean and maximum errors of 0.209 and 0.98 mm, respectively. This result suggests that our approach is accurate enough for developing IGCIP strategies based solely on post-implantation CTs.
A Novel RF-assisted-Strobe System for Unobtrusive Vibration Detection of\n Machine Parts (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel non-contact vibration measurement system\nthat is competent in estimating linear and/or rotational motions of machine\nparts. The technique combines microwave radar, standard camera, and optical\nstrobe to capture vibrational or rotational motions in a relatively fast and\naffordable manner when compared to the current technologies. In particular, the\nproposed technique is capable of not only measuring common vibrational\nparameters (e.g. frequency, motor rpm, etc.) but also provides spatial\ninformation of the vibrational sources so that the origin of each vibrational\npoint can be identified accurately. Furthermore, it can also capture the\nwobbling motion of the rotating shafts. Thus, the proposed method can find\nimmense applications in preventive maintenance across various industries where\nheavy machinery needs to be monitored unobtrusively or there is a requirement\nfor non-contact multi-point vibration measurement for any machine inspection\napplications.\n
The role of template-primer interactions in cleavage and initiation by the influenza virus polymerase (1995)

An in vitro cleavage/initiation assay was used to analyse cleavage site choice and transcription initiation by the influenza virus polymerase. A synthetic mRNA which is cleaved by the polymerase to produce a single 11 base primer fragment was altered around this cleavage site. Depending upon the mutations made, alternative cleavage sites were used. This system was then used in extracts from recombinant vaccinia virus infected cells which express the polymerase. These extracts require the addition of a synthetic vRNA in order to induce cleavage and initiation activity. The data show that the choice of cleavage site is wholely controlled by the mRNA and does not depend upon interactions with the vRNA template. However, the site of initiation of the cleaved primer on the template is influenced by template-primer interactions.
Computer Simulation of a Single Truss Tomato Cropping System (1988)

ABSTRACT THE development of a computer simulation model for greenhouse tomato crop management is discussed. The management model, based on a crop production model, will determine a production schedule designed to provide a continuous yield, optimize greenhouse space utilization, and predict production rates throughout the year.
Optical system design using broadband diffractive neural networks (2020)

We present a diffractive deep neural network-based framework that can simultaneously process a continuum of illumination wavelengths to perform a specific task that it is trained for. Based on this framework, we designed and 3D printed a series of optical systems including single and double pass-band filters as well as a spatially-controlled wavelength de-multiplexing system using a broadband THz pulse as input, revealing an excellent match between our numerical design and experimental results. The presented optical design framework based on diffractive neural networks can be adapted to other parts of the spectrum and be extended to create task-specific metasurface designs.
Optimized Deep Trench Isolation for High Voltage Smart Power Process (2005)

This work describes the electrical performance of high voltage deep trench isolation on SOI wafers. Several process and design related effects on the electrical isolation capability are investigated. Several process parameters during the trench process are examined with regard to isolation capability as well as defect generation. Trench edge geometry and layout have also a very strong impact on the isolation capability.
Video text retouch (2014)

Video Text Retouch is a technique for retouching textual content found in many online videos such as screencasts, recorded presentations and many online e-learning videos. Viewed through our special, HTML5-based player, users can edit in real-time the textual content of the video frames, such as correcting typos or inserting new words between existing characters. Edits are overlaid and tracked at the desired position for as long as the original video content remains similar. We describe the interaction techniques, image processing algorithms and give implementation details of the system.
OBSERVATION OP LOW NOISE IN A PASSIVE FIBER GYROSCOPE (1982)

The concept of a fiber optic gyroscope without active control of noise sources or sensitivity has appeal for applications due to the resulting component simplicity and snail volume requirements. Many applications for such a device require only moderate rotation rate capabilities (1-10 deg/hr). The passive gyroscope with a 3×3 fiber coupler demonstrated by Sheem1 exhibited noise levels in the few deg/sec range. We report improvements to this device which resulted in noise levels of ~ 5 deg/hr and a 10 minute drift of ~ 10 deg/hr.
Robust identification/fingerprinting of audio signals using spectral flatness features (2002)

Recently, the problem of content-based identification material has received increased attention as an important technique for managing the ever-increasing amount of multimedia assets available to users today. This talk discusses the problem of robust identification of audio signals by comparing them to a known reference (‘‘fingerprint’’) in the feature domain. Desirable properties of the underlying features include robustness with respect to common signal distortions and compactness of representation. A family of suitable features with favorable properties is described and evaluated for their recognition performance. Some applications of signal identification are discussed, including MPEG-7 Audio.
New diagnostic marker for sepsis: soluble CD14 subtype (2004)

on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine seal is maintained by gentle pressure on the TT keeping the cuff pressing on the vocal cords. During percutaneous tracheostomy the bougie remains in the trachea. When ventilation through the tracheostomy tube (cuff inflated) is confirmed, the TT and bougie are withdrawn. Throughout the procedure, if ventilation difficulties occur, the TT can be easily re-inserted using the bougie as a guide.
Blood Gene Expression Predicts Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (2018)

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main manifestation of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, leads to poor long-term survival after lung transplantation. Identifying predictors of BOS is essential to prevent the progression of dysfunction before irreversible damage occurs. By using a large set of 107 samples from lung recipients, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of whole blood to identify early biomarkers of BOS, including samples from 49 patients with stable function for at least 3 years, 32 samples collected at least 6 months before BOS diagnosis (prediction group), and 26 samples at or after BOS diagnosis (diagnosis group). An independent set from 25 lung recipients was used for validation by quantitative PCR (13 stables, 11 in the prediction group, and 8 in the diagnosis group). We identified 50 transcripts differentially expressed between stable and BOS recipients. Three genes, namely POU class 2 associating factor 1 (<i>POU2AF1</i>), T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (<i>TCL1A</i>), and B cell lymphocyte kinase, were validated as predictive biomarkers of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis, with areas under the curve of 0.83, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively. These genes allow stratification based on BOS risk (log-rank test <i>p</i> < 0.01) and are not associated with time posttransplantation. This is the first published large-scale gene expression analysis of blood after lung transplantation. The three-gene blood signature could provide clinicians with new tools to improve follow-up and adapt treatment of patients likely to develop BOS.
81 HIGH THROUGHPUT VITRIFICATION OF IN VIVO FERTILIZED AND IN VITRO CULTURED PORCINE EMBRYOS (2010)

One barrier to successfully making embryo transfer viable in the swine industry is an inability to consistently cryopreserve oocytes and embryos. This process is made difficult by the high lipid content of porcine oocytes and embryos. The objective of this study was to test the in vivo fertilized embryo’s sensitivity to vitrification. Gilts were inseminated on the first day of standing oestrus (Day 0) and then again 12 h later. On Day 2 the oviducts and tip of the uterine horns were flushed with PVA-treated TL-HEPES and 2-cell stage embryos were collected and placed into PVA-treated TL-HEPES and centrifuged at 17 000 × g. The treatment groups were 1) 300 mOsmo centrifuged for 6 min, 2) 500 mOsmo centrifuged for 6 min, 3) 500 mOsmo centrifuged for 12 min, and 4) 500 mOsmo centrifuged for 18 min. After centrifugation the embryos were transferred to Porcine Zygote Medium 3 (PZM3) and cultured to Day 6 or 7 at which point blastocysts were vitrified using 10% DMSO, 10% ethylene glycol in M199 supplemented with 20% FBS (holding medium) for 2 min. Embryos were transferred to holding media with 20% DMSO and 20% ethylene glycol and drawn into an open pulled straw via capillary reaction; it was then submerged into LN2. Embryos were thawed using a step down concentration of 0.33 mM and then 0.2 mM sucrose in holding media each for 6–7 min and then were moved to holding medium alone for 6 to 7 min. The embryos were washed in PZM3, then transferred to 500 µL of PZM3 and cultured for 18 h. Re-expanded embryos were observed, and the nuclei of all embryos were stained with Biz-benzimide and visualised with UV light to determine total cell number. After the embryos were centrifuged and cultured, there was no difference in development to blastocyst (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA; Proc GLM) with a mean percentage blastocyst of 85.1% and an N of 54, 51, 53, and 51, respectively, for each treatment. After thawing, percentage of embryos re-expanded was 23.5a, 26.4a,b, 43.2a,b, and 45.6b, respectively. Data was analysed using a PROC GLM in SAS (P &lt; 0.05), with 37, 43, 30, and 36 embryos in each group, respectively. No difference in total cell number across treatments was detected after analysis using PROC GLM in SAS (P &lt; 0.05) with a mean cell number of 29.0. These data suggest that in vivo matured and fertilized blastocysts can survive high osmolarity treatment, centrifugation, and vitrification. The data also show that a high osmolarity treatment centrifuged for 18 min leads to a greater number of re-expanded embryos post-thaw, which may be attributed to better separation of the lipid. Funded by the NIH NCRR R21RR025879 and Food for the 21st Century.
Feedback stabilization system for pulsed single-frequency tunable lasers (1989)

A feedback stabilization system for pulse single-frequency tunable lasers having an excited laser medium contained within an adjustable length cavity and producing a laser beam through the use of an optical element, including detection of angular deviation in the output laser beam, and generating an error signal based thereon. The error signal can be integrated and amplified and then applied as a correcting signal to a piezoelectric transducer mounted on a mirror of the laser cavity for controlling the cavity length.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of D‐Oxa Tricyclic Partial Ergolines as Dopamine Agonists. (1987)

Abstract Starting with 2,4‐dimethoxyaniline (I), the hexahydro‐N‐propylbenzoxazinone (VI) is synthesized.
Thermoelectric properties of bismuth based cobalt-rhodium oxides with hexagonal (Co,Rh)O2 layers (2009)

We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of Co and Rh mixed solid solutions Bi1.7Ba2(Co1−zRhz)2Oα (0≤z≤1) with hexagonal (Co,Rh)O2 layers. Partial substitution of Rh for Co in the hexagonal layers resulted in higher electric resistivity than in Bi1.7Ba2Co2Oα and Bi1.7Ba2Rh2Oα endmembers. We believe this to be due to the uneven charge distribution by the difference in ionic energy between Co and Rh. Thermal conductivity in Co/Rh mixed Bi1.7Ba2(Co0.5Rh0.5)2Oα showed lower values than those of endmembers. However, owing to its high resistivity, the thermoelectric performance of Bi1.7Ba2(Co0.5Rh0.5)2Oα did not exceed the values of endmembers at room temperature.
Structure Deformation Calculation Program Based on Displacement Theory for Shape Predictions (2019)

Separated programs were written in C/C++ to validate the Displacement Transfer Functions. The Structure Deformation Calculation Program was written to combine all of the programs to calculate deformed shapes of a structure using surface strain data and structural geometrical parameters. Users do not need to know the material properties, nor the complex internal structures geometry because the Displacement Theory is purely geometrical in nature. Users only need to know the structure types as defined in this report and information such as the structure length, depth factors, number of strain sensors, and the surface strains measured at the strain-sensing stations installed on the structures. Depending on the structure type, an applicable Displacement Transfer Function will be used. This program requires two input files created by users; the recorded strain data file in comma-separated values format and the structure geometry data file in text format. The program will output the out-of-plane deflections, slopes, cross-sectional twist angles, and depth factors if applicable. All output files are created in comma-separated values format. A section in this report describes step-by-step procedures on how to use the Structure Deformation Calculation Program for structure deformed shape calculations.
Development and characterization of magnetorheological elastomers (2007)

Abstract A new class of materials termed magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are developed that respond to externally imposed magnetic fields. Magnetic particles are embedded in viscoelastic solids or liquid elastomeric precursors. This kind of composite demonstrates a unique combination of good magnetic controllability and elastic properties. Polybutadiene (hydrocarbon based) based polyurethane MREs are developed because of their thermooxidative, hydrolytic, and chemical resistance. The structure–property relationships of polyurethane–MREs are investigated using several characterization techniques. Morphological features such as interdomains of soft and hard segments are identified with tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy. The thermal and mechanical behavior is evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and stress–strain tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
A Control-Theoretic Approach for Dynamic Adaptive Video Streaming over HTTP (2015)

User-perceived quality-of-experience (QoE) is critical in Internet video applications as it impacts revenues for content providers and delivery systems. Given that there is little support in the network for optimizing such measures, bottlenecks could occur anywhere in the delivery system. Consequently, a robust bitrate adaptation algorithm in client-side players is critical to ensure good user experience. Previous studies have shown key limitations of state-of-art commercial solutions and proposed a range of heuristic fixes. Despite the emergence of several proposals, there is still a distinct lack of consensus on: (1) How best to design this client-side bitrate adaptation logic (e.g., use rate estimates vs. buffer occupancy); (2) How well specific classes of approaches will perform under diverse operating regimes (e.g., high throughput variability); or (3) How do they actually balance different QoE objectives (e.g., startup delay vs. rebuffering). To this end, this paper makes three key technical contributions. First, to bring some rigor to this space, we develop a principled control-theoretic model to reason about a broad spectrum of strategies. Second, we propose a novel model predictive control algorithm that can optimally combine throughput and buffer occupancy information to outperform traditional approaches. Third, we present a practical implementation in a reference video player to validate our approach using realistic trace-driven emulations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Boron Nitride via a Polymeric Vinylpentaborane Precursor. (1988)

Abstract It is demonstrated that poly(2‐vinylpentaborane) oligomers are useful soluble ceramic precursors that are readily converted to BN.