gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast and Precise Detection of Internal Short Circuit on Li-Ion Battery (2018)

Internal Short Circuit (ISC) is a critical safety issue on the Li-Ion Batteries (LIBs) for different applications such as cell-phones, laptops, electrical vehicles and airplanes. Thermal runaway is a consequence of ISC, if the ISC on a LIB is not accurately detected as fast as possible. The ISC on LIB can be modeled by a resistance on the terminal of battery. In the proposed technique, an accurate and fast estimation of short circuit resistance of ISC is derived by calculating the internal resistance of the battery. To reach these goals, two circuits are proposed which can detect the internal short circuit of single-cell LIBs. One of the detection circuits uses a test resistance and a power switch (resistor-based) and the other circuit uses an inductor with the H-bridge (inductor-based) to detect the ISC of LIBs. Moreover, two detection techniques for detecting ISC of multi-cell LIBs are proposed based on the single-cell resistor-based ISC detection technique. As will be shown in the simulation and experimental results, the proposed circuits can accurately detect the ISC of LIB, if measurements of terminal voltages of LIB are precisely obtained.
Compressed sensing (2004)

Suppose x is an unknown vector in Ropfm (a digital image or signal); we plan to measure n general linear functionals of x and then reconstruct. If x is known to be compressible by transform coding with a known transform, and we reconstruct via the nonlinear procedure defined here, the number of measurements n can be dramatically smaller than the size m. Thus, certain natural classes of images with m pixels need only n=O(m1/4log5/2(m)) nonadaptive nonpixel samples for faithful recovery, as opposed to the usual m pixel samples. More specifically, suppose x has a sparse representation in some orthonormal basis (e.g., wavelet, Fourier) or tight frame (e.g., curvelet, Gabor)-so the coefficients belong to an lscrp ball for 0<ples1. The N important coefficients in that expansion allow reconstruction with lscr2 error O(N1/2-1p/). It is possible to design n=O(Nlog(m)) nonadaptive measurements allowing reconstruction with accuracy comparable to that attainable with direct knowledge of the N important coefficients. Moreover, a good approximation to those N important coefficients is extracted from the n measurements by solving a linear program-Basis Pursuit in signal processing. The nonadaptive measurements have the character of random linear combinations of basis/frame elements. Our results use the notions of optimal recovery, of n-widths, and information-based complexity. We estimate the Gel'fand n-widths of lscrp balls in high-dimensional Euclidean space in the case 0<ples1, and give a criterion identifying near- optimal subspaces for Gel'fand n-widths. We show that most subspaces are near-optimal, and show that convex optimization (Basis Pursuit) is a near-optimal way to extract information derived from these near-optimal subspaces
Deep-learning-based model observer for a lung nodule detection task in computed tomography (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> Task-based image quality assessment using model observers (MOs) is an effective approach to radiation dose and scanning protocol optimization in computed tomography (CT) imaging, once the correlation between MOs and radiologists can be established in well-defined clinically relevant tasks. Conventional MO studies were typically simplified to detection, classification, or localization tasks using tissue-mimicking phantoms, as traditional MOs cannot be readily used in complex anatomical background. However, anatomical variability can affect human diagnostic performance. <b>Approach:</b> To address this challenge, we developed a deep-learning-based MO (DL-MO) for localization tasks and validated in a lung nodule detection task, using previously validated projection-based lesion-/noise-insertion techniques. The DL-MO performance was compared with 4 radiologist readers over 12 experimental conditions, involving varying radiation dose levels, nodule sizes, nodule types, and reconstruction types. Each condition consisted of 100 trials (i.e., 30 images per trial) generated from a patient cohort of 50 cases. DL-MO was trained using small image volume-of-interests extracted across the entire volume of training cases. For each testing trial, the nodule searching of DL-MO was confined to a 3-mm thick volume to improve computational efficiency, and radiologist readers were tasked to review the entire volume. <b>Results:</b> A strong correlation between DL-MO and human readers was observed (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.980 with a 95% confidence interval of [0.924, 0.994]). The averaged performance bias between DL-MO and human readers was 0.57%. <b>Conclusion:</b> The experimental results indicated the potential of using the proposed DL-MO for diagnostic image quality assessment in realistic chest CT tasks.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structure of Rebeccamycin. A New Antitumor Antibiotic from No‐ cardia aerocoligenes. (1986)

Abstract In der ersten Arbeit werden die Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung des neuartigen gegen Tumoren wirksamen Antibioticums Rebeccamycin (IXb) aus den Fermentationsbrühen von Nocardia aerocoligenes, Stamm C38383‐RK‐2, beschrieben.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Human Herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8)-Associated Lymphoma of the Bowel (1997)

This report describes two cases of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV8)-associated lymphomas that primarily involved the large bowel and that secondarily caused malignant effusions. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is of interest because epidemiologic evidence suggests that KSHV/HHV-8 may be transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and KSHV/HHV8 DNA has been detected in rectal samples from HIV-positive patients. This report describes two HIV-positive men who developed primary KSHV/ HHV8-associated lymphomas of the bowel. Despite similar morphology and immunophenotype, these cases differ from most KSHV/HHV8-associated primary effusion lymphomas, which present with malignant effusions in the absence of a solid tumor mass. The spectrum of KSHV/HHV8-associated lymphomas is expanded to include a subset of primary bowel lymphomas in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Soluble, High Molecular Weight Ladder Polymers Possessing a Poly(phenylene sulfide) Backbone (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSoluble, High Molecular Weight Ladder Polymers Possessing a Poly(phenylene sulfide) BackboneTorsten Freund, Klaus Muellen, and Ullrich ScherfCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2, 547–551Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00106a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00106a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Golf green visualization (1992)

Nonrealistic rendering techniques that enhance viewer perception of golf green topography and how that topography affects putting are discussed. Conventional computer graphics and numerical analysis techniques are combined with application-specific modeling and analysis algorithms to enhance a viewer's understanding of the golf green and model golf ball trajectories and putting difficulty. The coding of the system in LYMB and implementation of the system in broadcasts of two golf tournaments are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological Activity of Genistein and Soy Extracts: Selective Induction of some but not all Estrogenic Responses in the Prepubertal Rat Uterus (Actividad biológica de Genisteína y extractos de soya: inducción selectiva de algunas pero no todas las respuestas estrogénicas en el útero de la rata prepúber) (2010)

The existence of multiple kinds of estrogen receptors (ERs), involved in independent groups of responses, allows their dissociation and opens the possibility to selectively induce beneficial responses but not those considered at risk (cell proliferation). Based on the low hormone-dependent cancer mortality in Eastern Asia, attributed to high dietary intake of estrogenic isoflavones, we investigated whether genistein (G) or soybean extracts (S) selectively induce some, but not all estrogenic responses in the rat uterus, comparing its activity to that of estradiol-17 (E2). Prepubertal rats were treated with E2, G, concentrated S (Sc), diluted S (Sd), or vehicle, and uterine responses to estrogen were evaluated. Luminal epithelial and myometrial cell hypertrophy, and luminal epithelial RNA increase, were induced by E2, G or S. Uterine eosinophilia, endometrial edema and proliferation of 4 uterine cell-types were induced by E2 only. Results reveal that G and S induce some responses to estrogen but not others, suggesting their use as agents not displaying carcinogenic risk.
Cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar: Hardware design and mobile demonstrator (2013)

This paper describes the design of a mobile Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar (CPPAR) developed at the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC). The primary purpose of the radar is to prove the concept of a CPPAR and demonstrate its inherent polarimetric advantages. Since these advantages become most apparent in the context of the polarimetric weather radar mission, the ability to make meaningful weather measurements with the system is desired. With limited resources, a novel system has been designed which both can demonstrate the CPPAR concept and serve as a platform for general phased array research in the future.
Solid state VRX CT detector (2000)

A technique called Variable-Resolution X-ray (VRX) detection that greatly increases the spatial resolution in computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR) is presented. The technique is based on a principle called 'projective compression' that allows the resolution element of a CT detector to scale with the subject or field size. For very large (40 - 50 cm) field sizes, resolution exceeding 2 cy/mm is possible and for very small fields, microscopy is attainable with resolution exceeding 100 cy/mm. Preliminary results from a 576-channel solid-state detector are presented. The detector has a dual-arm geometry and is comprised of CdWO<SUB>4</SUB> scintillator crystals arranged in 24 modules of 24 channels/module. The scintillators are 0.85 mm wide and placed on 1 mm centers. Measurements of signal level, MTF and SNR, all versus detector angle, are presented.
Statistical modeling and analysis of P2P replication to support VoD service (2011)

Traditional Video-on-Demand (VoD) systems reply purely on servers to stream video content to clients, which does not scale. In recent years, Peer-to-peer assisted VoD (P2P VoD) has proven to be practical and effective. In P2P VoD, each peer contributes some storage to store videos (or segments of videos) to help the video server. Assuming peers have sufficient bandwidth for the given video playback rate, a fundamental question is what is the relationship between the storage capacity (at each peer), the number of videos, the number of peers and the resultant off-loading of video server bandwidth. In this paper, we use a simple statistical model to derive this relationship. We propose and analyze a generic replication algorithm RLB which balances the service to all movies, for both deterministic and random demand models, and both homogeneous and heterogeneous peers (in upload bandwidth). We use simulation to validate our results, for sensitivity analysis and for comparisons with other popular replication algorithms. This study leads to several fundamental insights for design P2P VoD systems in practice.
Defective metabolism in polycystic kidney disease: potential for therapy and open questions (2014)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by bilateral renal cyst formation. The disease is caused by mutations in either the PKD1 or the PKD2 gene. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of the disease leading to the general agreement on ADPKD being a loss-of-function disease. Identification of signalling cascades dysfunctional in the cystic epithelia has led to several pre-clinical studies of animal models using a variety of inhibitors to slow disease progression. These were followed by clinical trials, some of which generated promising results, although an approved therapy is still lacking. Here, we summarize and discuss recent work providing evidence that metabolic alterations can be observed in ADPKD. In particular, we will focus our discussion on the potential role of glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of ADPKD. These recent findings provide a new perspective for the understanding of the pathobiology of ADPKD and open potential new avenues for therapeutical approaches. At the same time, these studies also raise important and intriguing biological and medical questions that will need to be addressed experimentally prior to embracing a more enthusiastic view of the applicability of the results.
Pancreatic β-Cell Development and Regeneration (2021)

The pancreatic β-cells are essential for regulating glucose homeostasis through the coordinated release of the insulin hormone. Dysfunction of the highly specialized β-cells results in diabetes mellitus, a growing global health epidemic. In this review, we describe the development and function of β-cells the emerging concept of heterogeneity within insulin-producing cells, and the potential of other cell types to assume β-cell functionality via transdifferentiation. We also discuss emerging routes to design cells with minimal β-cell properties and human stem cell differentiation efforts that carry the promise to restore normoglycemia in patients suffering from diabetes.
A Wideband Linear <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I/Q$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Interleaving DDRM (2018)

This paper presents a wideband linear direct-digital RF modulator (DDRM) in 40-nm CMOS technology. An innovative I/ Q-interleaving RF digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is proposed to enable the combination of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals in a more digital fashion, thereby improving the linearity performance at large bandwidths. The DDRM also features an advanced second-order hold digital interpolation filter to suppress the sampling spectral replicas in the presence of large bandwidth signals. Moreover, the harmonic rejection technique in the context of RF DAC operation is adopted and implemented. The 2 × 9-bit DDRM core occupies 0.21 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 110 and 146 mW at 1 and 3 GHz, respectively, with the peak power of +9.2 dBm. The error vector magnitude (EVM) and adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) at 3 GHz for a 57-MHz 64-QAM signal are better than -30 and -45 dB, respectively, and ACPR remains as low as -44 dBc up to a wide bandwidth of 113 MHz.
Platelet quality measured with dynamic light scattering correlates with transfusion outcome in hematologic malignancies (2009)

In this pilot study, the ThromboLUX score strongly correlated with transfusion outcome (PLT recovery and survival) independent of clinical and product issues.
Concurrent Initiation by Air in the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (2003)

Abstract The effect of air in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied. Air initiated polymerization was clearly noticed by the appearance of a low molecular weight peak in the synthesis of high molecular weight poly(isobutylene)‐ graft ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) ( M n = 5.0 × 10 5 g/mol). The concentration of chains initiated by oxygen (air) was ≈8 × 10 −4 mol/L, determined using the Gladstone‐Dale relationship. The tentatively proposed mechanism for air initiated polymerization was supported by kinetic studies. Similar to typical ATRP systems, the rate of air initiated polymerization increased with temperature, [MMA], amount of air, and activity of the catalyst complex. Polymers with lower polydispersities ( M w / M n = 1.13) were obtained in the presence of Cu(II) as compared to Cu(I) catalyst complex system. Kinetic plots for the air initiated bulk polymerization of MMA at (•) 20 °C, (▪) 50 °C, and (▴) 90 °C. magnified image Kinetic plots for the air initiated bulk polymerization of MMA at (•) 20 °C, (▪) 50 °C, and (▴) 90 °C.
A Novel Breast Stabilization Device for MRI-Guided Interventions (2008)

A breast stabilization device or breast cradle has been developed for use in interventional procedures. The device is a three-dimensional collapsible linkage that, when actuated, lightly compresses the breast while pulling it away from the chest wall. The compression provides the pressure needed to hold the breast firm during needle biopsy, ablation, or other procedures while being more comfortable than bilateral compression plates. By collapsing radially in an open configuration, the cradle provides nearly full access to the breast, as compared to the restrictive two-dimensional layout of grid-based bilateral compression plates. By pulling the breast away from the chest wall, the breast cradle may reduce the incidence of lung puncture or other medical errors. Several iterations of the device were developed, including rigid-joint models and a compliant-joint model. The rigid models more precisely show the kinematics of the device, but the manufacturability and assembly of the joints may be tedious in a production environment. Conversely, the compliant model may be more easily mass-produced, although the design would be more complex and costly. To provide a proof-of-concept for the compliant-joint design, a rapid prototyping machine was used to quickly produce several models that could be produced by other means (i.e. vacuum forming or injection molding) in full production. These models will be tested with breast phantoms in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment to ensure compatibility. Other tests will be performed to ensure patient comfort amongst various breast sizes and shapes.
Advancing test compression to the physical dimension (2017)

Test Compression ratios are currently stalled at 100-200X. A new 2-dimensional physically-aware sequential Compressor-Decompressor design addresses the severe wiring congestion as well as the test coverage droop and pattern spike at the highest compression ratios. Results on some commonly used industrial designs shows a 2X reduction in routing overhead and congestion associated with Test Compression logic. The target test coverage is maintained while achieving up to 3.7X reduction in test data volume and test application time beyond the conventional methods.
A Central Role for Nicotinic Cholinergic Regulation of Growth Factor–Induced Endothelial Cell Migration (2006)

Nicotine promotes angiogenesis via stimulation of nAChR-dependent endothelial cell migration. Furthermore, growth factor-induced HMVEC migration, a key angiogenesis event, requires nAChR activation--an effect mediated in part by nAChR-dependent regulation of thioredoxin activity.
Inhaled Treprostinil-Prodrug Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations Provide Long-Acting Pulmonary Vasodilation (2018)

Treprostinil (TRE), a prostanoid analogue approved in the USA for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, requires continuous infusion or multiple dosing sessions per day for inhaled and oral routes of administration due to its short half-life. The inhaled drug is known to induce adverse systemic and local effects including headache, nausea, cough, and throat irritation which may be due at least in part to transiently high drug concentrations in the lungs and plasma immediately following administration [1]. To ameliorate these side effects and reduce dosing frequency we designed an inhaled slow-release TRE formulation. TRE was chemically modified to be an alkyl prodrug (TPD) which was then packaged into a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) carrier. Preclinical screening in a rat model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction led to selection of a 16-carbon alkyl ester derivative of TRE. The TPD-LNP demonstrated approximately 10-fold lower TRE plasma C<sub>max</sub> compared to inhaled TRE solution while maintaining an extended vasodilatory effect. The favorable PK profile is attributed to gradual dissociation of TPD from the LNP and subsequent conversion to TRE. Together, this sustained presentation of TRE to the lungs and plasma is consistent with a once- or twice-daily dosing schedule in the absence of high C<sub>max</sub>-associated adverse events which could provide patients with an improved treprostinil therapy.
Speeding Up Future Video Distribution via Channel-Aware Caching-Aided Coded Multicast (2016)

Future Internet usage will be dominated by the consumption of a rich variety of online multimedia services accessed from an exponentially growing number of multimedia capable mobile devices. As such, future Internet designs will be challenged to provide solutions that can deliver bandwidth-intensive delay-sensitive on-demand video-based services over increasingly crowded and bandwidth-limited wireless access networks. One of the main reasons for the bandwidth stress facing wireless network operators is the difficulty to exploit the multicast nature of the wireless medium when wireless users or access points rarely experience the same channel conditions or access the same content at the same time. In this paper, we present and analyze a novel wireless video delivery paradigm based on the combined use of channel-aware caching and coded multicasting that allows simultaneously serving multiple cache-enabled receivers that may be requesting different content and experiencing different channel conditions. To this end, we reformulate the caching-aided coded multicast problem as a joint source-channel coding problem and design an achievable scheme that preserves the cache-enabled multiplicative throughput gains of the error-free scenario, by guaranteeing per-receiver rates unaffected by the presence of receivers with worse channel conditions.