gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cocaine Self-Administration Reduces Excitatory Responses in the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens Shell (2005)

Drugs of abuse affect behavior by altering neuronal communication within the brain. Previous research examining the effects of intraperitoneally administered cocaine has revealed that cocaine alters excitatory glutamatergic signaling, both directly through regulation of synaptic function, and indirectly through regulation of cellular excitability in areas of the drug reward circuitry such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and ventral tegmental area. We have now extended these findings by testing the hypothesis that self-administration of cocaine might elicit similar alterations in excitatory signaling in the NAcc shell. We observed that cocaine self-administration reduces synaptically evoked excitatory responses recorded extracellularly in the NAcc shell compared to saline self-administration. This alteration was not accompanied by alterations in paired pulse ratio of synaptically evoked responses or in potentiation of these responses by application of the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. This reduction in glutamatergic signaling may be one mechanism by which cocaine exerts its long-term behavioral effects.
Systematic Review of Efficacy of Nutraceuticals to Alleviate Clinical Signs of Osteoarthritis (2012)

The evidence of efficacy of nutraceuticals is poor, with the exception of diets supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids in dogs. Greater access to systematic reviews must be part of the objectives of the veterinary science in the future. Their reporting would be improved by internationally agreed-upon criteria for standards and guidelines.
Aphasia (1983)

Associate Professor Department of Communicative Disorders and Speech Motor Control Laboratories Waisman Center University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin
Recombinant Virus Vaccine-Induced SIV-specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (1991)

Evidence indicates that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) may be important in containing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the infected host. Although the use of recombinant viruses has been proposed as an approach to elicit protective immunity against HIV, the ability of recombinant viral constructs to elicit CD8+ CTL responses in higher primates has never been demonstrated. A live recombinant virus, vaccinia-simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac), was used to determine whether such a genetically restricted, T lymphocyte-mediated antiviral response could be generated in a primate. Vaccinia-SIVmac vaccination elicited an SIVmac Gag-specific, CD8+ CTL response in rhesus monkeys. These CTLs recognized a peptide fragment that spans residues 171 to 195 of the Gag protein. The rhesus monkey major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene product restricting this CTL response was defined. Both the vaccinated and SIVmac-infected monkeys that shared this MHC class I gene product developed CTLs with the same Gag epitope specificity. These findings support the use of recombinant virus vaccines for the prevention of HIV infections in humans.
Machine-learning, MRI bone shape and important clinical outcomes in osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (2020)

B-score provides reader-independent quantification using a single time-point, providing unambiguous OA status with defined clinical risks across the whole range of disease including pre-radiographic OA. B-score heralds a step-change in OA stratification for interventions and improved personalised assessment, analogous to the T-score in osteoporosis.
How Translation Alters Sentiment (2016)

Sentiment analysis research has predominantly been on English texts. Thus there exist many sentiment resources for English, but less so for other languages. Approaches to improve sentiment analysis in a resource-poor focus language include: (a) translate the focus language text into a resource-rich language such as English, and apply a powerful English sentiment analysis system on the text, and (b) translate resources such as sentiment labeled corpora and sentiment lexicons from English into the focus language, and use them as additional resources in the focus-language sentiment analysis system. In this paper we systematically examine both options. We use Arabic social media posts as stand-in for the focus language text. We show that sentiment analysis of English translations of Arabic texts produces competitive results, w.r.t. Arabic sentiment analysis. We show that Arabic sentiment analysis systems benefit from the use of automatically translated English sentiment lexicons. We also conduct manual annotation studies to examine why the sentiment of a translation is different from the sentiment of the source word or text. This is especially relevant for building better automatic translation systems. In the process, we create a state-of-the-art Arabic sentiment analysis system, a new dialectal Arabic sentiment lexicon, and the first Arabic-English parallel corpus that is independently annotated for sentiment by Arabic and English speakers.
Efficient vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with useful outputs to over 100°C (1992)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) promise to provide wafer-scale manufacturable and testable devices capable of coupling milliwatts of single frequency power into single-mode optical fibers and tens of milliwatts into multimode fibers.1 The apparent ease of coupling and overall packaging simplicity suggests relatively inex-pensive pigtailed components. The geometry also is compatible with 2-D arrays of optical outputs, which may be useful in photonic switching and computing applications.2
LMI-based control of discrete-time systems with actuator amplitude and rate nonlinearities (2001)

In this paper, we address the control design problem for discrete-time systems subject to actuator amplitude and rate saturation. In particular, we develop linear matrix inequality formulations for the full-state feedback and dynamic, output feedback control designs for discrete-time systems with simultaneous actuator amplitude and rate saturation. Furthermore, we provide a direct methodology to determine the stability multipliers that are essential for reducing the conservatism of the weighted circle criterion-based saturation control design. Finally, we give an illustrative numerical example to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control design framework.
Resveratrol Attenuates Neuroinflammation-mediated Cognitive Deficits in Rats (2010)

Neuroinflammatory responses are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In the present study, the protective effects of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, on cognitive deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined in rats, and the possible mechanisms were explored. The data showed that resveratrol administration by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) may inhibit cognitive deficits induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of 5 μg of LPS in rats. Subsequently, resveratrol afforded beneficial actions on the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and amyloid-β protein precursor (APP) generation, as well as the inhibition of phospho-transcription factors of nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) activation followed by the presence of LPS in rat hippocampus. The results of the present study indicate that resveratrol may attenuate LPS-induced direct neuroinflammation in rats, and its mechanisms are, at least partly, due to inhibition of the generation of TNF-α, COX-2, and APP, and the related phosphorylation of NF-κB. These findings suggest that resveratrol might be a potential agent for treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases, such as AD.
The design, construction and performance of a novel solar simulator and hybrid reactor (2016)

A uniquely designed and built high intensity solar simulator using metal halide lamps proved to be a useful and viable tool for controlled indoor high temperature experiments. This apparatus which closely mimics the energy of the sun can focus concentrated energy into a well-insulated reactor cavity where high temperatures exceeding 2000 °C, as required to process metals and materials, were reached. It was demonstrated that continuous 24-hour high temperature operations are feasible when a hybrid solar/electric reactor was used.
Human-mouse differences in the embryonic expression patterns of developmental control genes and disease genes (2000)

Our understanding of early human development has been impeded by the general difficulty in obtaining suitable samples for study. As a result, and because of the extraordinarily high degree of evolutionary conservation of many developmentally important genes and developmental pathways, great reliance has been placed on extrapolation from animal models of development, principally the mouse. However, the strong evolutionary conservation of coding sequence for developmentally important genes does not necessarily mean that their expression patterns are as highly conserved. The very recent availability of human embryonic samples for gene expression studies has now permitted for the first time an assessment of the degree to which we can confidently extrapolate from studies of rodent gene expression patterns. We have found significant human-mouse differences in embryonic expression patterns for a variety of genes. We present detailed data for two illustrative examples. Wnt7a, a very highly conserved gene known to be important in early development, shows significant differences in spatial and temporal expression patterns in the developing brain (midbrain, telencephalon) of man and mice. CAPN3, the locus for LGMD2A limb girdle muscular dystrophy, and its mouse orthologue differ extensively in expression in embryonic heart, lens and smooth muscle. Our study also shows how molecular analyses, while providing explanations for the observed differences, can be important in providing insights into mammalian evolution.
What is Aging? (2012)

OPINION article Front. Genet., 20 July 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2012.00134
Elastic Property of Vertically Aligned Nanowires (2005)

An atomic force microscopy (AFM) based technique is demonstrated for measuring the elastic modulus of individual nanowires/nanotubes aligned on a solid substrate without destructing or manipulating the sample. By simultaneously acquiring the topography and lateral force image of the aligned nanowires in the AFM contacting mode, the elastic modulus of the individual nanowires in the image has been derived. The measurement is based on quantifying the lateral force required to induce the maximal deflection of the nanowire where the AFM tip was scanning over the surface in contact mode. For the [0001] ZnO nanowires/nanorods grown on a sapphire surface with an average diameter of 45 nm, the elastic modulus is measured to be 29 +/- 8 GPa.
Mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (2014)

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Traditionally, it has been used as a drug of last resort; however, clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (vancomycin intermediate-resistant S. aureus [VISA]) and more recently with high-level vancomycin resistance (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus [VRSA]) have been described in the clinical literature. The rare VRSA strains carry transposon Tn1546, acquired from vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, which is known to alter cell wall structure and metabolism, but the resistance mechanisms in VISA isolates are less well defined. Herein, we review selected mechanistic aspects of resistance in VISA and summarize biochemical studies on cell wall synthesis in a VRSA strain. Finally, we recapitulate a model that integrates common mechanistic features of VRSA and VISA strains and is consistent with the mode of action of vancomycin.
Eight-Year Trend of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Population-based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota (2010)

despite an increase in patients' severity of illness, number of comorbidities, and prevalence of major ARDS risk factors, the incidence of ARDS in this suburban community decreased by more than half. Correlation of the observed findings with changes in health care delivery may have important implications for the planning of acute care services in other regions.
Heliostat mirror survey and analysis (1979)

The mirrors used on concentrating solar systems must be able to withstand severe and sustained environmental stresses for long periods of time if they are to be economically acceptable. Little is known about how commercially produced wet process silvered second surface mirrors will withstand the test of time in solar applications. Field experience in existing systems has shown that the performance of the reflective surface varies greatly with time and is influenced to a large extent by the construction details of the mirror module. Degradation of the reflective layer has been seen that ranges from non-observable to severe. The exact mechanisms involved in the degradation process are not well understood from either the phenomenological or microanalytical points of view and are thus subject to much debate. The three chapters of this report summarize the work recently performed in three general areas that are key to understanding and ultimately controlling the degradation phenomena. These areas are: a survey of the present commercial mirroring industry, the microanalytical examination of numerous degraded and nondegraded mirrors, and an investigation of several novel techniques that might be used to extend the life of heliostat mirrors. Appendices include: (a) list of mirror manufacturers and (b) recommended specifications for second surface silvered mirrors for central receiver heliostat applications. (WHK)
A Technique for the Design of Microwave Transistor Oscillators (Short Paper) (1984)

A technique for the design of microwave transistor oscillators is presented in which measurements made on an experimentally optimized amplifier are used to calculate six basis oscillator circuits which yield maximum power output. The procedure has been experimentally verified by the construction of a silicon bipolar transistor test oscillator at 1 GHz.
Kinetic Evidence for the Occurrence of a Stepwise Mechanism in the Hydrazinolysis of Phthalimide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic Evidence for the Occurrence of a Stepwise Mechanism in the Hydrazinolysis of PhthalimideM. Niyaz KhanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4536–4541Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3868Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Arginine decarboxylase (polyamine synthesis) mutants of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> exhibit altered root growth (1998)

Putrescine and polyamines are produced by two alternative pathways in plants. One pathway starts with the enzyme arginine decarboxylase; the other with ornithine decarboxylase. The authors developed an in vivo screening strategy to identify mutants with low levels of arginine decarboxylase activity. The screen requires both a primary screen of the M2 generation and a secondary screen of the M3 generation. The method used was to screen 15,000 EMS-mutagenized M2 seedlings for low levels of arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity and identified seven mutants that fall into two complementation groups. These mutants have from 20% to 50% of wild-type enzyme activity. Morphological alterations common among the mutants include increased levels of lateral root branching. The authors obtained a double mutant combining the alleles with the lowest activities from the two complementation groups; this has lower ADC enzyme activity and putrescine levels than either of the single mutants. The double mutant has highly kinked roots that form a tight cluster; it also has narrower leaves, sepals, and petals than either single mutant or wild-type, and delayed flowering. These results suggest there may be more than one ADC gene in Arabidopsis, and that ADC and polyamine levels play roles in root meristem function and in lateral growth of leaf-homolog organs.
Haemophilia A: database of nucleotide substitutions, deletions, insertions and rearrangements of the factor VIII gene, second edition (1994)

A large number of different mutations in the factor VIII (F8) gene have been identified as a cause of haemophilia A. This compilation lists known single base-pair substitutions, deletions and insertions in the F8 gene and reviews the status of the inversional events which account for a substantial proportion of mutations causing severe haemophilia.
Encapsulation of Single Enzyme in Nanogel with Enhanced Biocatalytic Activity and Stability (2006)

Single protein encapsulated into nanogels with uniformed size and controllable shell thickness were prepared by surface acryloylation of a protein molecule followed by aqueous in situ polymerization. Compared to its free counterpart, the encapsulated protein exhibits similar biocatalytic behavior and significantly improved stability at high temperature and in the presence of organic solvent.
Generalized perspective on chiral measurements without magnetic interactions (2018)

We present a unified description of several methods of chiral discrimination based exclusively on electric-dipole interactions. It includes photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD), enantiosensitive microwave spectroscopy (EMWS), photoexcitation circular dichroism (PXCD), and photoelectron-photoexcitation circular dichroism (PXECD). We show that, in spite of the fact that the physics underlying the appearance of a chiral response is very different in all these methods, the enantiosensitive and dichroic observable in all cases has a unique form. It is a polar vector given by the product of (i) a molecular pseudoscalar and (ii) a field pseudovector specified by the configuration of the electric fields interacting with the isotropic ensemble of chiral molecules. The molecular pseudoscalar is a rotationally invariant property, which is composed from different molecule-specific vectors and in the simplest case is a triple product of such vectors. The key property that enables the chiral response is the noncoplanarity of the vectors forming such triple product. The key property that enables chiral detection without relying on the chirality of the electromagnetic fields is the vectorial nature of the enantiosensitive observable. Our compact and general expression for this observable shows what ultimately determines the efficiency of the chiral signal and if, or when, it can reach 100%. We also discuss the differences between the two phenomena, which rely on the bound states, PXCD and EMWS, and the two phenomena using the continuum states, PECD and PXECD. Finally, we extend these methods to arbitrary polarizations of the electric fields used to induce and probe the chiral response.
Influence of inorganic fullerene‐like WS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on the thermal behavior of isotactic polypropylene (2007)

Abstract A new family of thermoplastic nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and inorganic fullerene‐like tungsten disulfide (IF‐WS 2 ) has been successfully prepared. A very efficient dispersion of IF‐WS 2 material was obtained by mixing in the melted polymer without using modifiers or surfactants. The addition of IF‐WS 2 nanoparticles induces a remarkable enhancement of the thermal stability of iPP, as well as an increase in the crystallization rate of the matrix when compared with pure iPP. The nucleating efficiency of IF‐WS 2 solid lubricant nanoparticles on the α‐phase of iPP reaches very high values (60–70%), the highest values observed hitherto for polypropylene nanocomposites. The incorporation of IF‐WS 2 has also been observed to increase the size and stability of the crystals formed. The melting behavior of the nanocomposites indicates the formation of more perfect crystals as determined by differential scanning calorimetry and time‐resolved synchrotron X‐ray scattering experiments. The new nanocomposites show an increase in the storage modulus with respect to pure iPP measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2309–2321, 2007
Minimizing optical overlay measurement errors (1993)

This paper is a continuation of our earlier work which investigated means of reducing Tool Induced Shift (TIS) in overlay tools. In this paper we show that there can be significant errors in the measurements from a tool that shows zero TIS. These errors arise from proximity effects within the measurement target. Improving the resolution of the instrument reduces these errors, although this is counter to the current trend of the industry. We present the results of detailed comparisons of two measurement objectives. These have the same magnification but different numerical aperture so that they differ in resolution and depth of field. We will show that the lowest measurement error are achieved by acquiring all images from a common focal plane, even when the target marks are displaced vertically by more than 2 micrometers . Both objectives perform equally well, although we had expected that increasing the depth of field would provide benefits. The data shows that increasing the resolution of the microscope will allow the high accuracy and precision required for the future to be achieved without sacrificing an ability to measure the deepest structures likely to be met in these processes.
Static and dynamic characteristics of integrated semiconductor optical parametric oscillators (2013)

The static and dynamic properties of semiconductor optical parametric oscillators (SOPOs) are studied by merging the rate equations of the diode pump laser with those of the OPO while taking into account the phase and, hence, chirp performance. The static analysis of the SOPO shows two stable regimes of operation, namely, an efficient and an inefficient regime akin to the case for conventional intracavity OPO. The large signal dynamic properties of the SOPO are studied in the two static operating regimes. The study shows that there exists enormous negative and positive frequency chirp in the signal and idler in the order of a few terahertz upon large signal modulation. These characteristics are explained through the well-known properties of the nonlinear gain medium of the OPO. The limitations on using these devices in a directly modulated fashion are discussed. Such limitations are found to be determined largely by the SOPO rise time in certain bias conditions.