gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of performance path test to optimize yield (2013)

Performance path test provides an innovative alternative to PSRO performance screens and functional pattern test for manufacturing performance screening. The process window sigma associated with a desired screen point is used in a special timing run to create the expected delay for paths in the product. These expected delays are used to screen products. Products passing this test will meet requirements in client applications. Parts that fail will not meet product design assumptions and are not shipped. Performance path test avoids yield loss, false accept, and false reject problems associated with use of edge PSRO monitors.
Electromagnetic microrelays: concepts and fundamental characteristics (2002)

An electromagnetic microrelay is proposed as a practical application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and the basic performance of key components is evaluated experimentally and analytically. A 1-mm/sup 3/ relay target is the most practical and economical choice for electromagnetic actuation. As a first step in development, electrical characteristics of the electrodes, i.e., contact resistance and breakdown voltage, are measured at very small spacing and low contact forces. Next, mechanical characteristics of the moving parts, i.e., static and dynamic deflections of flat springs, are measured for very small loads and displacements. A miniature prototype having a spiral flat spring with a diagonal length of 0.5 mm was manufactured, and its basic switching performance was found to be more than ten times faster than conventional relays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CNN-Cert: An Efficient Framework for Certifying Robustness of Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Verifying robustness of neural network classifiers has attracted great interests and attention due to the success of deep neural networks and their unexpected vulnerability to adversarial perturbations. Although finding minimum adversarial distortion of neural networks (with ReLU activations) has been shown to be an NP-complete problem, obtaining a non-trivial lower bound of minimum distortion as a provable robustness guarantee is possible. However, most previous works only focused on simple fully-connected layers (multilayer perceptrons) and were limited to ReLU activations. This motivates us to propose a general and efficient framework, CNN-Cert, that is capable of certifying robustness on general convolutional neural networks. Our framework is general – we can handle various architectures including convolutional layers, max-pooling layers, batch normalization layer, residual blocks, as well as general activation functions; our approach is efficient – by exploiting the special structure of convolutional layers, we achieve up to 17 and 11 times of speed-up compared to the state-of-the-art certification algorithms (e.g. Fast-Lin, CROWN) and 366 times of speed-up compared to the dual-LP approach while our algorithm obtains similar or even better verification bounds. In addition, CNN-Cert generalizes state-of-the-art algorithms e.g. Fast-Lin and CROWN. We demonstrate by extensive experiments that our method outperforms state-of-the-art lowerbound-based certification algorithms in terms of both bound quality and speed.
A study of efficiency and accuracy in the transformation from RGB to CIELAB color space (1997)

The perceptually uniform color space CIELAB (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) is useful for image analysis, particularly in applications involving color acceptability decision making; however, the transformation of an entire red-green-blue (RGB) color image is very time consuming. Various techniques are investigated for approximating the nonlinear function, and their performance in terms of speed and accuracy is assessed. This article arises from a project that aims to use video cameras to monitor the color of manufactured products.
Production of a monoclonal antibody against the Snow Mountain agent of gastroenteritis by in vitro immunization of murine spleen cells. (1988)

The Snow Mountain agent (SMA) is a 27- to 32-nm noncultivatable virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. SMA is morphologically similar to but immunologically distinct from the Norwalk agent. SMA has been partially purified from the stool of experimentally infected volunteers and contains a single structural protein of Mr 62,000 as well as one or more non-virion-associated soluble proteins. Further characterization of this important human pathogen and other Norwalk-like viruses has been hindered by the lack of reagents with which to study them. To further characterize SMA, we developed a monoclonal antibody to SMA using in vitro immunization--a technique that permitted use of small quantities of antigen for immunization. The monoclonal antibody, SM-4, was specific for SMA and did not react with the Norwalk or Hawaii agents. In addition, SM-4 reacted with purified virion but not with the soluble protein. SM-4 also blocked the ability of labeled postinfection human IgG to bind to purified virion. Finally, both SM-4 and human postinfection sera specifically recognized the Mr 62,000 virion-associated protein. Thus, SM-4 is directed against an epitope present on the SMA structural protein that is not shared by the Norwalk or Hawaii agents and that is not present on the soluble protein. The availability of a monoclonal antibody against SMA should facilitate further purification and characterization of this agent. The techniques utilized in these studies provide a method for the production of additional monoclonal antibodies to this group of viruses and also should be useful for the study of other occult viral agents.
Enriching software architecture models with statistical models for performance prediction in modern storage environments (2014)

Model-based performance prediction approaches on the software architecture-level provide a powerful tool for capacity planning due to their high abstraction level. To process the increasing amount of data produced by today's applications, modern storage systems are becoming increasingly complex having multiple tiers and intricate optimization strategies. Current software architecture-level modeling approaches, however, struggle to account for this development and are not well-suited in complex storage environments due to overly simplistic storage assumptions, which consequently leads to inaccurate performance predictions. To address this problem, in this paper we present a novel approach to combine software architecture-level performance models with statistical models that capture the complex behavior of modern storage systems. More specifically, we first propose a general methodology for enriching software architecture modeling approaches with statistical I/O performance models. Then, we present how we realize the modeling concepts as well as model solving to obtain performance results. Finally, we evaluate our approach extensively in the context of three case studies with two state-of-the-art environments based on Sun Fire and IBM System z server hardware. Using our approach, we are able to successfully predict the application performance within 20 % prediction error in almost all cases.
Melflufen - a peptidase-potentiated alkylating agent in clinical trials (2017)

Aminopeptidases like aminopeptidase N (APN, also known as CD13) play an important role not only in normal cellular functioning but also in the development of cancer, including processes like tumor cell invasion, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and angiogenesis. An increased expression of APN has been described in several types of human malignancies, especially those characterized by fast-growing and aggressive phenotypes, suggesting APN as a potential therapeutic target. Melphalan flufenamide ethyl ester (melflufen, previously denoted J1) is a peptidase-potentiated alkylating agent. Melflufen readily penetrates membranes and an equilibrium is rapidly achieved, followed by enzymatic cleavage in aminopeptidase positive cells, which results in trapping of less lipophilic metabolites. This targeting effect results in very high intracellular concentrations of its metabolite melphalan and subsequent apoptotic cell death. This results in a potency increase (melflufen <i>vs</i> melphalan) ranging from 10- to several 100-fold in different <i>in vitro</i> models. Melflufen triggers a rapid, robust, and an irreversible DNA damage which may account for its ability to overcome melphalan-resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Furthermore, anti-angiogenic properties of melflufen have been described. Consequently, it is hypothesized that melflufen could provide better efficacy but no more toxicity than what is achieved with melphalan, an assumption so far supported by experiences from hollow fiber and xenograft studies in rodents as well as by clinical data from patients with solid tumors and multiple myeloma. This review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical knowledge of melflufen.
Implementing Strategy Through Project Management: The Importance of Managing the Project Front-end (2009)

This chapter, if it succeeds, will open wider two doors in management theory and practice: one, to show concretely how corporate and business strategy implementation can be effected via project management, something rarely addressed in the academic literature; two, to show how project management, as a discipline, can contribute to strategic management. In doing, so it should clarify the confusion which has crept into perceptions of what programme and project management are. It will illustrate the importance of work done in the project “front-end”. It will stress why value and benefits, and other measures of effectiveness may be more significant than the traditional project management efficiency measures of budget, schedule and scope attainment. And finally, it will show the importance of leadership in achieving this.
IMMUNOHISTOLOGY OF TUMOR TISSUE IN LOCAL ADMINISTRATION OF RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER (1989)

Biopsied specimens from patients treated by local administration of rIL-2 were examined immunohistologically. Lymphocytes infiltrating into the cancer tissue before and after administration of rIL-2 were observed on paraffin embedded sections by Hematoxilin Eosin (HE) stain in relation to the clinical effect. And their subsets were identified on frozen sections by Avidin Biotin peroxidase Complex (ABC) method using monoclonal antibodies to examine what kinds of effector cells were induced and increased in the tumor site by rIL-2 in vivo. The intensity of increasing of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) was correlated with the clinical effect of local administration of rIL-2. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes were mainly T lymphocytes, of which Leu-2a+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and Leu-3a + 3b+ cells (helper/inducer T cells) were almost equally observed. Leu-2a+ cells were considered to be mainly cytotoxic T lymphocytes because few Leu-2a+ cells were stained with anti-Leu-15 antibody. After administration of rIL-2, marked infiltration of T lymphocytes was observed and there was no obvious different response in degree of infiltration between Leu-2a+ cells and Leu 3a + 3b+ cells. Furthermore, IL-2 receptor+ T lymphocytes (activated T lymphocytes) were increased after administration of rIL-2. And natural killer (NK) cells were slightly observed and also increased after administration of rIL-2. These findings suggest local administration of rIL-2 has possibility to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes, to increase NK cells and to activate these lymphocytes in vivo.
Dysregulation of immune response following neurosurgical operations (2000)

Our results document a significant dysregulation of immune response in glioma patients. This may be induced by elevated plasma concentrations of immunoinhibiting cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1.
MicroRNA-155 regulates host immune response to postviral bacterial pneumonia via IL-23/IL-17 pathway (2015)

Postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. miR-155 has recently emerged as a crucial regulator of innate immunity and inflammatory responses and is induced in macrophages during infection. We hypothesized upregulation of miR-155 inhibits IL-17 and increases susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Mice were challenged with 100 plaque-forming units H1N1 intranasally and were infected with 10(7) colony-forming units of MRSA intratracheally at day 5 postviral challenge. Lungs were harvested 24 h later, and expression of miR-155, IL-17, and IL-23 was measured by real-time RT-PCR. Induction of miR-155 was 3.6-fold higher in dual-infected lungs compared with single infection. miR-155(-/-) mice were protected with significantly lower (4-fold) bacterial burden and no differences in viral load, associated with robust induction of IL-23 and IL-17 (2.2- and 4.8-fold, respectively) postsequential challenge with virus and bacteria, compared with WT mice. Treatment with miR-155 antagomir improved lung bacterial clearance by 4.2-fold compared with control antagomir postsequential infection with virus and bacteria. Moreover, lung macrophages collected from patients with postviral bacterial pneumonia also had upregulation of miR-155 expression compared with healthy controls, consistent with observations in our murine model. This is the first demonstration that cellular miRNAs regulate postinfluenza immune response to subsequent bacterial challenge by suppressing the IL-17 pathway in the lung. Our findings suggest that antagonizing certain microRNA might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against secondary bacterial infection.
Autonomous emotional expression generation of a robotic face (2009)

This paper presents a novel design of autonomous robotic facial expression generation using a fuzzy-neuro network. The emotional characteristics of a robot can be specified in this design by assigning weights in the fuzzy-neuro network. The robotic face generates appropriate expressions in responding to the image recognition results of a user's emotional state and the assigned robotic emotional characteristics. In this study, two contrast emotional characteristics, optimistic and pessimistic, have been designed and tested to verify their responses to the recognized user emotional states (neutral, happiness, sadness and anger). Computer simulations of a robotic face show that the proposed facial expression generation system effectively responds to a user's emotional states in a human-like manner by fusing outputs of four facial expressions (boring, happiness, sadness and surprise).
Finite‐element modeling of the anthropoid mandible: The effects of altered boundary conditions (2005)

Finite-element modeling provides a full-field method for describing the stress environment of the skull. The utility of finite-element models, however, remains uncertain given our ignorance of whether such models validly portray states of stress and strain. For example, the effects of boundary conditions that are chosen to represent the mechanical environment in vivo are largely unknown. We conducted an in vitro strain gauge experiment on a fresh, fully dentate adult mandible of Macaca fascicularis to model a simplified loading regime by finite-element analysis for purposes of model validation. Under various conditions of material and structural complexity, we constructed dentate and edentulous models to measure the effects of changing boundary conditions (force orientation and nodal constraints) on strain values predicted at the gauge location. Our results offer a prospective assessment of the difficulties encountered when attempting to validate finite-element models from in vivo strain data. Small errors in the direction of load application produce significant changes in predicted strains. An isotropic model, although convenient, shows poor agreement with experimental strains, while a heterogeneous orthotropic model predicts strains that are more congruent with these data. Most significantly, we find that an edentulous model performs better than a dentate one in recreating the experimental strains. While this result is undoubtedly tied to our failure to model the periodontal ligament, we interpret the finding to mean that in the absence of occlusal loads, teeth within alveoli do not contribute significantly to the structural stiffness of the mandible.
Epidemiology of Gallbladder Disease: Cholelithiasis and Cancer (2012)

Diseases of the gallbladder are common and costly. The best epidemiological screening method to accurately determine point prevalence of gallstone disease is ultrasonography. Many risk factors for cholesterol gallstone formation are not modifiable such as ethnic background, increasing age, female gender and family history or genetics. Conversely, the modifiable risks for cholesterol gallstones are obesity, rapid weight loss and a sedentary lifestyle. The rising epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome predicts an escalation of cholesterol gallstone frequency. Risk factors for biliary sludge include pregnancy, drugs like ceftiaxone, octreotide and thiazide diuretics, and total parenteral nutrition or fasting. Diseases like cirrhosis, chronic hemolysis and ileal Crohn's disease are risk factors for black pigment stones. Gallstone disease in childhood, once considered rare, has become increasingly recognized with similar risk factors as those in adults, particularly obesity. Gallbladder cancer is uncommon in developed countries. In the U.S., it accounts for only ~ 5,000 cases per year. Elsewhere, high incidence rates occur in North and South American Indians. Other than ethnicity and female gender, additional risk factors for gallbladder cancer include cholelithiasis, advancing age, chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gallbladder, congenital biliary abnormalities, and diagnostic confusion over gallbladder polyps.
Blockchain Machine: A Network-Attached Hardware Accelerator for Hyperledger Fabric (2022)

In this paper, we demonstrate how Hyperledger Fabric, one of the most popular permissioned blockchains, can benefit from network-attached acceleration. The scalability and peak performance of Fabric is primarily limited by the bottlenecks present in its block validation/commit phase. We propose Blockchain Machine, a hardware accelerator coupled with a hardware-friendly communication protocol, to act as the validator peer. It can be adapted to applications and their smart contracts, and is targeted for a server with network-attached FPGA acceleration card. The Blockchain Machine retrieves blocks and transactions in hardware directly from the network interface, which are then validated through a configurable and efficient block-level and transaction-level pipeline. The validation results are then transferred to the host CPU where non-bottleneck operations are executed. From our implementation integrated with Fabric v1.4 LTS, we observed up to 12× speedup in block validation when compared to software-only validator peer, with commit throughput of up to 68,900 tps. Our work provides an acceleration platform that will foster further research on hardware acceleration of permissioned blockchains.
Characterization and acid diffusion measurements of new strong acid photoacid generators (2002)

As resist feature sizes have decreased and the performance demands on chemically amplified photoresists have increased the role of the photoacid generator (PAG) in determining overall resist performance has become increasingly apparent. Over the past 20 years a variety of different types of PAG's have been introduced as researchers have sought to optimize properties such as acid strength, acid volatility, diffusion length, wavelength response, solubility etc. PAGs that produce very strong organic acids are widely used, in part because of requirements for high photospeed resists. Most of these acid generators are based on perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid based onium salts. In an effort to identify and characterize alternative PAGs we have investigated the performance of a variety of photoacid generators that are not based on sulfonic acids. In this report we will describe the relative reactivities of these PAGs under a variety of exposure wavelengths and processing conditions including acid diffusion proprieties and photospeed measurements.
Survivin expression in oral lichen planus: Role in malignant transformation (2016)

Survivin positivity was seen predominantly in the basal cells of OLP suggesting increased longevity of these cells which in turn might acquire dysplastic changes leading to increased risk of malignant transformation of this premalignant condition. Although the conversion rate may be low, the potential exists in the indolent course of the disease.
Instrumentation Requirements for Tree Effects Data Collection at the Naval Postgraduate School Flash X-Ray Facility (1990)

The collection of photon induced transient radiation effects on electronics (TREE) data in a pulsed X ray facility is hampered by severe electrical noise created by the pulse generation process. This thesis presents suitable techniques for data collection and evaluation when using the Pulserad Model 112A pulsed X ray generator installed in the Naval Postgraduate School Flash X ray facility. The TREE of wafer scale integrated devices is of primary concern to researchers at this time; therefore, instrumentation development was based primarily on the needs dictated by these devices. A brief description of the current status of wafer scale integrated devices is presented along with some basic TREE data collected on these devices.
Climate change 2007. Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report (2008)

This Synthesis Report is the fourth element of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report ''Climate Change 2007''. The Synthesis Report is based on the assessment carried out by the three Working Groups of the IPCC. It provides an integrated view of climate change and addresses the following topics: 1) Observed changes in climate and their effects; 2) Causes of change; 3) Climate change and its impacts in the near and long term under different scenarios; 4) Adaptation and mitigation options and responses, and the interrelationship with sustainable development, at global and regional levels; 5) The long-term perspective: scientific and socio-economic aspects relevant to adaptation and mitigation, consistent with the objectives and provisions of the Convention, and in the context of sustainable development; 6) Robust findings, key uncertainties (ln)
Transactional Memory: The Hardware-Software Interface (2007)

As multicore chips become ubiquitous, the need to provide architectural support for practical parallel programming is reaching critical. Conventional lock-based concurrency control techniques are difficult to use, requiring the programmer to navigate through the minefield of coarse-versus fine-grained locks, deadlock, livelock, lock convoying, and priority inversion. This explicit management of concurrency is beyond the reach of the average programmer, threatening to waste the additional parallelism available with multicore architectures. This comprehensive architecture supports nested transactions, transactional handlers, and two-phase commit. The result is a seamless integration of transactional memory with modern programming languages and runtime environments