gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise suppression with high speech quality based on weighted noise estimation and MMSE STSA (2005)

This paper proposes a high speech quality noise suppression method based on weighted noise estimation and MMSE STSA. The proposed method continuously updates the noise estimate, using weighted noisy speech according to the estimated speech-to-noise ratio. In order to fully utilize the improvement offered by noise estimation, the spectral gain is corrected according to the estimated speech-to-noise ratio. By using accurate noise estimation, more accurate SNR than in the conventional method is obtained, which helps to reduce distortion in the enhanced speech. In subjective speech quality evaluations, the five-stage MOS was improved by 0.35 and 0.40 at the maximum, respectively, for the cases in which the speech was encoded and was not encoded after noise suppression. The improved version, which was developed on the basis of the proposed noise suppressor, satisfies all 3GPP minimum requirements for speech quality and has been installed in a commercially available model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(2): 43–53, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20145
Tuning Oligovalent Biomacromolecular Interfaces Using Double-Layered α-Helical Coiled-Coil Nanoassemblies from Lariat-Type Building Blocks (2016)

The target affinity and selectivity of many biomacromolecules depend on the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of multiple ligands on their surfaces. Here, we devised a self-assembly strategy to control the target-tailored 3D distribution of multiple α-helical ligands on a coiled-coil core scaffold using novel lariat-type supramolecular building blocks. Depending on the coiled-coil composition and ligand grafting sites in the lariat building blocks, the structural and functional features of the self-assembled peptide nanostructures (SPNs) could be variably fine-tuned. Using oligovalent protein-RNA (Rev-RRE) interactions as a model system, we demonstrate that longer grafting reinforces the helicity of the peptide ligands, whereas shorter grafting strengthens the target binding affinity of the SPNs in both monovalent and oligovalent interactions. This supramolecular approach should be useful in developing precisely controllable multivalent ligands for biomacromolecular interactions.
Microresistivity Image Driven Inversion of Nuclear Logs for the Evaluation of Unconventional Reservoirs (2014)

Abstract Density, photoelectric, neutron, and gamma ray logs are key inputs to the evaluation of unconventional resources. Each has a finite spatial resolution, and the properties of beds thinner than this cannot be measured directly but are (in principle) available from inversion if the logs’ response functions are known, and the thickness of each bed is known from an independent high-resolution source. An inversion method is described for beds with apparent dip angles less than about 60 degrees which uses pre-computed response functions from measurement-specific nuclear particle transport code models, combined with bed boundaries picked automatically from high-resolution microresistivity images rendered using a new technique developed for high dynamic range data. The method has application in thinly-bedded formations in general and has particular relevance in coal bed methane reservoirs where multiple thin high-contrast beds are common. Inversion results are known to be sensitive to uncertainty in bed thickness values, and constraining the inversion with information from high-resolution images is found to be highly advantageous in producing reliable results in beds as thin as 0.075m; this compares to the resolution of about 0.6m for standard porosity logs, and 0.2m for the high-resolution field logs. Inverted density logs show good agreement with core density values, and the integrity of inverted photoelectric, neutron porosity and gamma ray logs is judged to be good based on the similarity between field logs and logs reconstructed from inverted results, plus the high degree of agreement with properties of known marker beds. Inverted logs are also shown to provide improved differentiation between litho-types defined from combinations of logs using principal components analysis. The paper addresses an important source of uncertainty in the estimation of reservoir properties - namely finite spatial resolution - and in so doing reduces bias in volumetric calculations and associated net pay calculations.
Conjugates of cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline and Poly(PEG-Lys), a Water Soluble Poly(ether urethane): Synthesis and Evaluation of Antifibrotic Effects in vitro and in vivo (1994)

Synthetic approaches for the preparation of macromolecular conjugates of the antifibrotic agent cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp) were explored, and the efficacy of the conjugates in inhibiting collagen accumulation was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In one approach, poly(PEG-Lys), an alternating copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and lysine, was used as the carrier. To prepare pendent chain systems, cHyp was attached to poly(PEG-Lys) through an amide linkage [poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide)] or through an ester linkage [poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp ester)]. In an alternative approach, cHyp was incorporated into the backbone of a linear copolymer consisting of PEG, succinic acid, and cHyp units [poly(PEG-succinate-cHyp)]. Bioactivity in vitro was assessed by the ability of the cHyp conjugates to inhibit growth of cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) and rat lung fibroblasts (RLF). Cell numbers were compared to control experiments in the presence of biologically inactive trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (tHyp). After a 5 day period, the presence of 8 micrograms/mL of cHyp delivered by poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) resulted in a 47% reduction in the number of SMC (p < 0.05), the presence of 36 micrograms/mL of cHyp delivered by poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp ester) resulted in a 38% reduction in the number of SMC (p < 0.05), while the presence of 118 micrograms/mL of cHyp delivered by poly(PEG-succinate-cHyp) resulted in a 31% reduction in the number of cells (p < 0.05). An identical trend was observed for the inhibition of RLF growth. In general, poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) was most active, followed by poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp ester) and the backbone system, poly(PEG-succinate-cHyp). Specifically, poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) was over 100-fold more active in inhibiting cell growth than free cHyp. Bioactivity in vivo was evaluated by measuring collagen accumulation in subcutaneously implanted poly(vinyl alcohol) sponges in rats. Among the tested conjugates, poly(PEG-Lys-cHyp amide) was most active, reducing collagen accumulation in the sponge by 33% after 14 days relative to controls (p < 0.05). This result indicates that the covalent attachment of cHyp to poly(PEG-Lys) carries may be a useful strategy for the local inhibition of collagen accumulation in tissues.
High-molecular-weight proteins of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae mediate attachment to human epithelial cells. (1993)

Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae are Gram-negative bacilli that represent a common cause of human disease. These organisms initiate infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. Despite the essential role of colonization, the bacterial determinants of this process remain poorly defined. We recently identified a family of surface-exposed high-molecular-weight proteins of nontypable H. influenzae that are related to filamentous hemagglutinin, a critical adherence factor of Bordetella pertussis. The genes encoding the two such high-molecular-weight proteins (HMW-1 and HMW-2) expressed by a prototypic nontypable H. influenzae strain have now been cloned and sequenced. In this study we examined the role of the HMWs in adherence to human epithelial cells. We found that loss of expression of HMW-1 by the prototypic strain and a HMW-1-like protein in a heterologous nontypable H. influenzae strain markedly decreased the capacity to adhere. The absence of expression of both HMW-1 and HMW-2 in the prototypic strain or their homologs in the second strain was associated with a further decrease in adherence. Expression of either HMW-1 or HMW-2 in nonadherent laboratory strains of Escherichia coli resulted in acquisition of the adherence phenotype. These results indicate that both HMW-1 and HMW-2 and the homologous proteins from a second strain can mediate attachment. We speculate that these proteins and the related proteins in other nontypable H. influenzae isolates are important colonization factors.
Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and epinephrine biosynthesis. 3. Bis[tetrahydroisoquinoline]s (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and epinephrine biosynthesis. 3. Bis[tetrahydroisoquinoline]sR. M. DeMarinis, W. M. Bryan, L. M. Hillegass, D. McDermott, and R. G. PendletonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1981, 24, 6, 756–759Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00138a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00138a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Facile approach to an advanced nanoporous silicon/carbon composite anode material for lithium ion batteries (2012)

A new kind of nanoporous silicon/carbon composite with excellent electrochemical performance was prepared via a mechanochemical reaction between SiCl4 and Li13Si4 under ball milling. The whole process is mild and simple, using no corrosive acid. In particular, this method is suitable for large-scale synthesis of nanoporous silicon based composite for a potential anode material of lithium ion batteries. Different structures of silicon and carbon coating approaches were investigated. Compared with nano-Si/SP/C-D and np-Si/SP/C-S, the np-Si/SP/C-D exhibited a considerably high initial capacity of 1413.2 mAh g−1 and an excellent cycling stability with 91.1% capacity retention against at 2nd cycle after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the open nanoporous structure, which can accommodate the volume expansion, and the excellent electronic and ionic conductivity of a thin carbon layer.
A wireless platform for<i>in vivo</i>measurement of resistance properties of the gastrointestinal tract (2014)

Active locomotion of wireless capsule endoscopes has the potential to improve the diagnostic yield of this painless technique for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract disease. In order to design effective locomotion mechanisms, a quantitative measure of the propelling force required to effectively move a capsule inside the gastrointestinal tract is necessary. In this study, we introduce a novel wireless platform that is able to measure the force opposing capsule motion, without perturbing the physiologic conditions with physical connections to the outside of the gastrointestinal tract. The platform takes advantage of a wireless capsule that is magnetically coupled with an external permanent magnet. A secondary contribution of this manuscript is to present a real-time method to estimate the axial magnetic force acting on a wireless capsule manipulated by an external magnetic field. In addition to the intermagnetic force, the platform provides real-time measurements of the capsule position, velocity, and acceleration. The platform was assessed with benchtop trials within a workspace that extends 15 cm from each side of the external permanent magnet, showing average error in estimating the force and the position of less than 0.1 N and 10 mm, respectively. The platform was also able to estimate the dynamic behavior of a known resistant force with an error of 5.45%. Finally, an in vivo experiment on a porcine colon model validated the feasibility of measuring the resistant force in opposition to magnetic propulsion of a wireless capsule.
Highly ordered polymer–inorganic nanocomposites via monomer self assembly: In situ condensation approach (1997)

A highly ordered organic inorganic nanocomposite can be synthesized by photopolymerizing an inverse hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal phase consisting of an amphiphilic monomer and organic crosslinker as the organic matrix and a sol‐gel silica precursor solution as the hydrophilic component (see Figure). In situ silica condensation gives the ordered nanocomposite. A simple example is discussed. magnified image
Improved sensitivity roll-off in dual reference, buffered spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (2021)

The proposed system requires modest hardware implementation and is compatible with catheter-based endoscopic helical scanning with enhanced sensitivity for the samples at a distance of ∼6 mm from the zero delay point.
Aryl and heteroaryl <i>N</i>-[4-[4-(2,3-substituted-phenyl)piperazine-1-yl]alkyl]carbamates with improved physico-chemical properties as dual modulators of dopamine D3 receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase (2016)

Improving the physico-chemical profile of a MTDL series.
Disruption of the p38aTyr323 alternative pathway prevents T cell receptor‐mediated p38aTyr323 activation in primary T cells (2008)

T cells possess a p38 activation alternative pathway in which stimulation via the antigen receptor (TCR) induces phosphorylation of p38α and β on Tyr‐323. In resting T cells, Gadd45α, a small p38‐binding molecule, inhibits the activation of p38 by the T cell alternative pathway. Gadd45α‐deficient T cells display constitutively increased p38 activity, hyperproliferative response to TCR stimulation, and Gadd45α −/− mice develop an autoimmune diseases (AID). To assess the contribution of p38 alternative pathway to normal T cell function, we generated p38α "knock‐in" mice in which Tyr‐323 was replaced with Phe (p38α Y323F ). TCR‐mediated stimulation failed to activate p38α Y323F , as measured by p38α catalytic activity. Cell cycle entry was delayed in TCR‐stimulated p38α Y323F T cells, which also produced less IFN‐γ than wild type T cells in response to TCR‐mediated but not TCR‐independent stimuli. Following infection with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, the p38α Y323F mice displayed higher counts of parasite cysts in brain and lower concentration of IFNγ in blood serum. Thus, the absence of the p38α alternative activation pathway impaired the immune response. To investigate the p38 role in development of autoimmune diseases Gadd45α knock‐out/p38α Y323F (G45KO/Y323F) mice were generated. The ongoing screening of antibodies against double strand DNA and histone will reveal the role of p38 alternative pathway in AID.
A novel self-pulsation in laser diodes with a DFB reflector (2005)

This paper presents a novel self-pulsation in the laser diode with a DFB reflector in a compound cavity mode beating structure. This study also shows that dispersive Q-switching is a most probable origin of self-pulsation.
Ultrasonic transducer with Gaussian radial pressure distribution (1985)

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Dependence of the device performance on the number of stages in quantum-cascade lasers (1999)

The cascading scheme is a characteristic feature of quantum cascade (QC) lasers. It implies that electrons above threshold generate one photon per active region they successively traverse. This paper presents a study of the cascading behavior as a function of the number N of stacked active regions. Experimental results are presented for devices with N=1, 3, 6, 12, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 75 active stages. The highest optical power and lowest threshold current density are obtained for laser devices with N as high as possible. However, the lowest threshold voltage and the lowest dissipated power at laser threshold are achieved for N=3 and N=22, respectively. We further present the highest power QC lasers so far, which, using N=75 stages, show in pulsed mode peak powers of 1.4, 1.1, and 0.54 W at 50 K, 200 K, and room temperature, respectively. Finally, we also demonstrate the first few-stage (N<10) QC lasers. These QC lasers show strongly reduced operating voltages. A threshold voltage around 1.5 V is achieved for N=3. This makes the lasers very well compliant with conventional laser diode drivers, which in turn will simplify their immediate use in systems and applications.
Quantitative Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Coronary Artery Disease (2006)

It is now possible to perform myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) at the bedside with intravenous injection of commercially available contrast media. Detecting coronary stenosis and myocardial viability in patients is the major aim of anMCE study, but its diagnosis has relied largely on subjective interpretation of regional perfusion by experienced readers. Thus, quantifying MCE data and displaying comprehensive images have been be necessary for its routine application. In this review, two methods for quantifying and displaying MCE parameters will be introduced: 1) parametric imaging that separately displays the parameters of myocardial blood volume, blood flow velocity, and myocardial blood flow; and 2) volumetric imaging that displays a color-coded map of myocardial blood volume fraction. Both methods of analysis provide quantitative and easy-to-understand images even to unexperienced observers.
Inference of message sequence charts (2000)

Software designers draw Message Sequence Charts for early modeling of the individual behaviors they expect from the concurrent system under design. Can they be sure that precisely the behaviors they have described are realizable by some implementation of the components of the concurrent system? If so, can one automatically synthesize concurrent state machines realizing the given MSCs? If, on the other hand, other unspecified and possibly unwanted scenarios are “implied” by their MSCs, can the software designer be automatically warned and provided the implied MSCs?
A Photoactivatable Push−Pull Fluorophore for Single-Molecule Imaging in Live Cells (2008)

We have reengineered a red-emitting dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran push-pull fluorophore so that it is dark until photoactivated with a short burst of low-intensity violet light. Photoactivation of the dark fluorogen leads to conversion of an azide to an amine, which shifts the absorption to long wavelengths. After photoactivation, the fluorophore is bright and photostable enough to be imaged on the single-molecule level in living cells. This proof-of-principle demonstration provides a new class of bright photoactivatable fluorophores, as are needed for super-resolution imaging schemes that require active control of single molecule emission.
Word Warping for Offline Handwriting Recognition (2011)

We present a novel method of offline whole-word handwriting recognition. We use automatic image morphing to compute 2-D geometric warps that align the strokes of each word image with the strokes of word images of training examples. Once the strokes of a given word are aligned to a training example, we use distance maps to compare how similar the two words are. Like 1-D Dynamic Programming (DP) methods, our warp-based method is robust to limited variation in word length and letter spacing. However, due to its 2-D nature, our method is also more robust than 1-D DP methods in handling variations caused by additional inconsistencies in character shape and stroke placement. Although we use DP for coarse alignment, the novel contribution of this paper is not 2-D DP, but morphing to automatically discover an actual 2-D mesh-based warp, followed by the use of distance maps to compute similarity between words. Early results are encouraging. On two datasets (1,000 training and 1,000 test words each), we get 88.77% and 89.33% recognition accuracy for in-vocabulary words. These are increases of 7.89% and 17.16% above the results of a 1-D DP approach.
Security and Accuracy Trade-off in Anonymous Fingerprint Recognition (2007)

The security, lack of anonymity and revocability of the biometric template are critical issues that need to be addressed in order to vindicate the viability of biometric based authentication systems. Several methods have been proposed to address these problems. However, most of these methods offer lower accuracies than the base system where the template is insecure. This is because in most systems the gain in the security is achieved as a result of loss in non-redundant information. In this paper, we describe tradeoff between accuracy of an anonymous system and the security of the biometrics system. As a case study we start with a highly secure representation of a fingerprint. Then we describe several methods and show experimental results proving that every time we add more information to the secure representation, the accuracy increases, however valuable information is revealed to an adversary. We propose, via a k-trial attack model, how the trade-off can be complemented by another security policy such as an account lockout after a given number of attempts.
Development of 300/245kV, 80kA Gas Insulated Switchgear (2008)

This paper describes the results of the development and validation of the 300/245 kV, 80 kA GIS based on conventional 300/245 kV, 63 kA GIS and conventional free standing GCB, and describes the design approach of intake puffer type ES. The performance of this GIS satisfied all type tests and all special specification tests. Simulation result of fault making agrees well with the experiment result. This simulation can be useful to the optimum design of ES.
Carbon nanotube composites and their future applications (2020)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to be a material with excellent properties, and their use in various fields has been highly anticipated. However, the commercialization of CNT composites has not progressed as expected. The reason for this is that their appropriate use was not sufficiently defined. This report discusses some promising applications of CNT composite materials for the near future.
Phase-Contrast X-ray CT (2000)

Three-dimensional tomographic imaging using x-ray phase information is reported. The contrast in normal x-ray transmission images is generated by the difference in x-ray absorption. Therefore, structures in weakly x-ray absorbing objects are hardly depicted. Because the interaction cross section of x-ray phase shift is about a thousand times larger than that of absorption for low-Z elements, highly sensitive imaging is achieved by detecting the x-ray phase shift. We used an x-ray interferometer to measure interference patterns and phase-shifting interferometry to obtain x-ray phase maps from the interference patterns. Phase-contrast x-ray CT reconstructs three-dimensional images from the x-ray phase maps. This paper introduces the principle of this technique and observation results obtained for cancerous tissues using synchrotron radiation.