gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of light absorption from randomizing and geometric textures (1993)

Surface textures are widely used to enhance absorption in an optical sheet by scattering weakly absorbed light into totally internally reflected modes. This study, which is based on ray-tracing studies of crystalline silicon solar cells with periodic geometric textures, investigates how the distribution of scatter influences absorption enhancement. The distribution of scatter is found to depend on the topology of texture facets as well as on the direction of incident light. Examples of the scatter characteristics in sheets textured with inverted pyramids, grooves, and perpendicular grooves are given. Broadly scattering textures are found to develop random scatter consistently only when exposed to isotropically incident band-gap wavelengths. Although broadband absorption enhancement from a geometric texture is affected by whether scatter is two or three dimensional, the fraction of rays blocked by the texture at early scatter stages is more important. Reasons are given as to why there may be geometric textures that enhance broadband absorption more than the randomizing texture under isotropic incidence.
Anaphase specific auto‐cleavage of separase (2002)

Sister-chromatid separation is triggered by a specific proteolytic cleavage of chromosomal cohesins catalyzed by the endopeptidase separase. Prior to anaphase, separase is inhibited independently by affinity binding to securin and by specific inhibitory phosphorylation. Here we show that separase itself is also subjected to proteolytic cleavages at three adjacent sites. The cleavages are auto-catalyzed and occur specifically at anaphase coincident with separase activation. The cleaved fragments remain associated with each other and are catalytically active. Mapping of the cleavage sites reveals that all three sites are conserved in vertebrates underlining a significant function for this regulation.
The conductivity of the human skull in vivo and in vitro (2003)

The conductivity of the human skull was measured in vitro and in vivo. Both methods yielded a conductivity of about 0.015 /spl Omega//m. For the ratio of the conductivities of the brain, the skull and the scalp a value of 1:1/15:1 was found. This is consistent with the some of the reports on conductivity values found in the literature, but differs considerably from the ratio 1:1/80:1, which is commonly used in neural source localization. An explanation is provided for this discrepancy, indicating that the correct ratio is 1:1/15:1.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM LAMIACEAE FAMILY. (2016)

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of aqueous (ethanolic and methanolic) extracts from herbs often used in Polish cuisine and traditional herbal medicine including thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) were compared. The aqueous ethanolic extracts contained slightly higher levels of phenolics compared to the aqueous methanolic extracts. In turn, GC-MS analysis showed that the aqueous methanolic extracts of thyme, rosemary and sage contained several additional compounds such as eugenol or ledol. The present studies also indicated that the bacterial species applied in the experiment exhibited different sensitivities towards tested extracts. Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be the most sensitive bacteria to aqueous (ethanolic and methanolic) rosemary and sage extracts and aqueous methanolic thyme extract. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 and Proteus vulgaris NCTC 4635 were more susceptible to the aqueous methanolic thyme extract. However, Listeria monocytogenes 1043S was the most sensitive to the aqueous ethanolic rosemary extract. Gram-positive bacteria were generally more sensitive to the tested extracts than Gram-negative ones.
Construction of Related Terms Thesauri from the Web (2007)

本論文ではWeb上の情報を利用し, 自動的に関連語のシソーラスを構築する手法を提案する.検索エンジンを利用し, x2値による語の関連度の指標を用い, 従来のWebを用いた関連度の指標の問題点を解決する.また, 新しいクラスタリング手法であるNewman法を用いて語のネットワークをクラスタリングすることで, 従来手法より適切に関連語を同定する.コーパスおよび既存のシソーラスから生成した関連語正解セットを用い, 提案手法の効果についての検証を行う.
Preparation of ultrasharp diamond tip emitters by ion-beam etching (1998)

Ion-beam milling was used for sharpening of diamond particles on ends of silicon tips. The sharpened diamond samples were used as field-electron emitters. I–V characteristics of the emitters were measured. An effect of conditioning of the emitters was observed: After an emitter worked at least several hours, its current increased for several orders of magnitude and became stabilized.
The unintended mitochondrial uncoupling effects of the FDA-approved anti-helminth drug nitazoxanide mitigates experimental parkinsonism in mice (2017)

Mitochondria play a primary role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), and small molecules that counteract the initial stages of disease may offer therapeutic benefit. In this regard, we have examined whether the off-target effects of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-helminth drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) on mitochondrial respiration could possess any therapeutic potential for PD. Results indicate that MPP<sup>+</sup>-induced loss in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production by mitochondria were ameliorated by NTZ in real time by virtue of its mild uncoupling effect. Pretreatment of cells with NTZ mitigated MPP<sup>+</sup>-induced loss in mitochondrial OCR and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, addition of NTZ to cells pretreated with MPP<sup>+</sup> could reverse block in mitochondrial OCR and reactive oxygen species induced by MPP<sup>+</sup> in real time. The observed effects of NTZ were found to be transient and reversible as removal of NTZ from incubation medium restored the mitochondrial respiration to that of controls. Apoptosis induced by MPP<sup>+</sup> was ameliorated by NTZ in a dose-dependent manner. <i>In vivo</i> results demonstrated that oral administration of NTZ (50 mg/kg) in an acute MPTP mouse model of PD conferred significant protection against the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons of substantia nigra. Based on the above observations we believe that repurposing of NTZ for PD may offer therapeutic benefit.
Investigation of Low-temperature Solution-processed Thin-Film Transistors for Flexible Displays (2016)

This thesis describes the electrical behaviour of solution-processed zinc oxide thin film transistors (ZnO TFTs) fabricated at low temperature. First, the electrical properties of solution-processed ZnO films are reported. Spin-coated ZnO films annealed at 150 Â°C exhibit significant sensitivity to the ambient environment. However, their stability can be improved by hydrogen plasma treatment. Zinc oxide TFTs (channel width/length = 4000/200 Î¼m) fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis at the low process temperature of 140 Â°C are investigated. The resulting transistors exhibit a saturation mobility of 2 cm2/Vs measured in air; this value is reduced to 0.5 cm2/Vs under vacuum. The effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on spin-coated ZnO TFTs is then studied. The electrical characteristics of untreated TFTs exhibit large hysteresis and a positive threshold voltage shift on repeated measurements. These effects are reduced by the hydrogen plasma and an increase in carrier mobility is observed. In a further investigation, a solution-processed silicon dioxide gate insulator for application in the TFTs is used; a perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) precursor is spin-coated with subsequent thermal treatment to form the SiO2 layer. Exposure to oxygen plasma leads to an acceleration of the conversion reaction, resulting in good insulating properties (leakage current density of ~10-7 A/cm2) and TFT performance (channel width/length = 1000/50 Î¼m, carrier mobility of 3.2 cm2/Vs, an on/off ratio of ~107, a threshold voltage of -1.3 V and a subthreshold swing of 0.2 V/decade). Finally, a photolithographic process is introduced for the fabrication of âshortâ channel solution-processed ZnO TFTs. Optimum processing conditions are established and used for the fabrication of transistors having various channel dimensions. Devices with a minimum channel length of 5 Î¼m possessed a mobility of 1.5 x 10-2 cm2/Vs, on/off ratio of 106 and good contact between the S/D electrodes and the semiconductor. The relatively low mobility could originate from gate insulator roughness caused by the photolithographic processes.
Thiol–epoxy/thiol–acrylate hybrid materials synthesized by photopolymerization (2013)

Thiol–epoxy/thiol–acrylate hybrid networks with systematic variations (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100, w/w) were prepared by free-radical photoinitiator (ITX) and photo-base generator (TBD·HBPh4) induced photopolymerization. The enhanced spectral sensitivity of TBD·HBPh4 at long wavelengths (320–500 nm) with aid of ITX was capable of in situ generation of a strong base (TBD) to achieve the relatively fast and essentially quantitative thiol–epoxy click reaction. The ITX/TBD·HBPh4 photoinitiating system, which generated both the free radicals and the strong base upon UV exposure, could induce thiol–epoxy/thiol–acrylate hybrid polymerizations. The kinetics investigated with real-time IR indicated that the thiol–acrylate reactions were faster and more efficient than the thiol–epoxy reactions (>95% conversion in a matter of seconds and minutes, respectively), and the thiol conversion increased with an increase in the epoxy concentration. The incorporation of the thiol–epoxy reaction offered several advantages: the polymerization shrinkage decreased with the increase in the thiol–epoxy content due to the low shrinkage factor for the thiol–epoxy system (every mole of epoxy group polymerized produces 6.3 mL of shrinkage). The glass transition temperature of the thiol–epoxy/thiol–acrylate hybrid networks progressively increased as a function of the thiol–epoxy content, also resulting in enhanced mechanical and physical properties. This work will be helpful to make optical and electronic devices with low shrinkage and stress, decreased residual monomers, and improved mechanical properties.
Influence of alumina on selectivity of cobalt catalyst for oxidation of ammonia (1979)

Alumina has been tested as carrier of active component of cobalt catalyst for oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen oxide. Mutual diffusion of the carrier and the active component has been found to take place under the oxidation conditions. In surface layer of the active component CoAl 2 O 4 is formed which shows considerably lower selectivity (with respect to NO) than pure Co 3 O 4 . Time stability of the catalyst selectivity on alumina depends on temperature of its pretreatment before introduction of the active component.
Preliminary Surrogate Mixture Models for the Thermophysical Properties of Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2 (2009)

We have developed surrogate mixture models to represent the thermophysical properties of two kerosene rocket propellants, RP-1 and RP-2. The surrogates were developed with a procedure that incorporated experimental data for the density, sound speed, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the advanced distillation curves for samples of the two fuels. The surrogate for RP-1 contains four components (α-methyldecalin, n-dodecane, 5-methylnonane, and heptylcyclohexane), and the surrogate for RP-2 contains five components (α-methyldecalin, n-dodecane, 5-methylnonane, 2,4-dimethylnonane, and heptylcyclohexane). Comparisons with experimental data demonstrate that the models are able to represent the density, sound speed, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of both fuels to within (at a 95% confidence level) 0.4, 2, 2, and 4%, respectively. The volatility behavior, as measured by the advanced distillation curves, is reproduced to within 0.5%.
Brivanib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Were Intolerant to Sorafenib or for Whom Sorafenib Failed: Results From the Randomized Phase III BRISK-PS Study (2013)

In patients with HCC who had been treated with sorafenib, brivanib did not significantly improve OS. The observed benefit in the secondary outcomes of TTP and ORR warrants further investigation.
Gamma knife pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson's disease: long term results, clinical study (2014)

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is now the preferred surgical treatment for advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Some patients however are not suitable candidates for an open surgical procedure or may prefer a procedure that does not include the permanent implantation of hardware. For such patients, gamma knife pallidotomy (GKP) may be a suitable alternative. Objective: The goal of this report was to describe the safety and effectiveness of posteroventral pallidotomy (GKP) performed with the Leksell gamma knife (LGK) for the treatment of advanced PD. Methods: Forty patients underwent a total of 51 GKP procedures with LGK between August 1993 and June 2009. Twenty nine patients underwent a unilateral procedure whereas 11 underwent bilateral procedures. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in off-medication unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores for total scores (18.4%), motor scores (18.2%), tremor(72.4%) rigidity (51.2%) and bradykinesia (23.4%) scores and also for on medication dyskinesia scores (70.0%.) Bilateral procedures produced an additional incremental improvement in symptoms. Two patients suffered permanent complications. Conclusions: GKP offers a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of advanced PD. Although probably not as effective as DBS, it is particularly applicable to patients who may not be candidates for DBS.
Correlation Based File Prefetching Approach for Hadoop (2010)

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) has been widely adopted to support Internet applications because of its reliable, scalable and low-cost storage capability. Blue Sky, one of the most popular e-Learning resource sharing systems in China, is utilizing HDFS to store massive courseware. However, due to the inefficient access mechanism of HDFS, access latency of reading files from HDFS significantly impacts the performance of processing user requests. This paper introduces a two-level correlation based file prefetching approach, taking the characteristics of HDFS into consideration, to improve performance by reducing access latency. Four placement patterns to store prefetched data are presented, with policies to achieve trade-off between performance and efficiency of HDFS prefetching. Moreover, a dynamic replica selection algorithm is investigated to improve the efficiency of HDFS prefetching. The proposed prefetching approach has been implemented in Blue Sky, and experimental results prove that correlation based file prefetching can significantly reduce access latency therefore improve performance of Hadoop-based Internet applications.
ChemBO: Bayesian Optimization of Small Organic Molecules with Synthesizable Recommendations (2019)

In applications such as molecule design or drug discovery, it is desirable to have an algorithm which recommends new candidate molecules based on the results of past tests. These molecules first need to be synthesized and then tested for objective properties. We describe ChemBO, a Bayesian optimization framework for generating and optimizing organic molecules for desired molecular properties. While most existing data-driven methods for this problem do not account for sample efficiency or fail to enforce realistic constraints on synthesizability, our approach explores the synthesis graph in a sample-efficient way and produces synthesizable candidates. We implement ChemBO as a Gaussian process model and explore existing molecular kernels for it. Moreover, we propose a novel optimal-transport based distance and kernel that accounts for graphical information explicitly. In our experiments, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach on several molecular optimization problems.
Object-Oriented Cost Accounting System Design (1993)

Meeting the additional demands placed on cost accounting by the Total Quality Management philosophy requires computerization. Activity-based cost accounting is designed to satisfy the additional demands of TQM. But maintaining cost data at the activity level involves at least an order of magnitude more data that does cost center accounting. Thus, activity-based cost accounting demands a redesigned, computerized cost accounting system. An object-oriented approach to the design and specification of activity-based cost accounting systems is outlined and illustrated. Three phases in the approach are first described. Then the approach is illustrated by applying it to the design of an data processing system for activity-based cost accounting. As with all management information systems and most decision support systems, an activity-based cost accounting system is seen to be highly dependent on the transaction processing systems of the business. The point is made that this makes the clean interfaces between objects in object-oriented systems particularly advantageous, if both the transaction systems and the costing systems are based on a common set of business objects, defined in a business-wide repository.Request access from your librarian to read this article's full text.
The Properties of Recombinant Chicken Growth Hormone and Its Effects on Growth, Body Composition, Feed Efficiency, and Other Factors in Broiler Chickens (1987)

Recombinant chicken GH (rcGH) was produced and characterized. Comparison of protein sequence, amino acid composition, mol wt, purity, and immunocross-reactivity showed that except for the N-terminal methionyl group arising from the bacterial expression system, the recombinant and pituitary-derived cGHs were identical. When tested in a hypophysectomized rat growth assay, the recombinant and pituitary materials had the same specific bioactivity. Within 60 min after sc injection of rcGH (480-960 micrograms/kg) in chickens, plasma GH levels increased 4- to 6-fold and remained significantly elevated for at least 5 h. Thrice-daily injections from age 2-24 days had little effect on growth or feed consumption in either male or female broiler chicks. Plasma levels of insulin and triglycerides were significantly elevated by rcGH in 24-day-old females, but not in males. Injection of rcGH counteracted a reduction of tibia length observed in saline-injected controls. The rcGH had no effect on carcass protein, ash content, or nitrogen retention. It is important to note that exogenous GH can be a productivity-enhancing factor in other commercially important species. Administration of bovine GH to cows has been shown to induce a significant increase in milk production (28). This study shows that administration of rcGH to chickens can lead to some significant metabolic effects. However, it is the conclusion of this report that the level of circulating GH is not the limiting factor in the growth of this highly selected species.
Improved design of tapering and through element series antenna (2012)

In this paper, an array of series fed antenna based on tapering patch width and through element is presented. The antenna has wide impedance bandwidth of 16.18% covering from 5.34 GHz to 6.28 GHz with a gain of 6.53 dBi. The use of through element technique reduces the overall length of array structure by 25.47%. It also has lower side lobe level, and wider impedance bandwidth compared to the past research.
Toward Enhanced Pharmacovigilance Using Patient-Generated Data on the Internet (2014)

The promise of augmenting pharmacovigilance with patient-generated data drawn from the Internet was called out by a scientific committee charged with conducting a review of the current and planned pharmacovigilance practices of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To this end, we present a study on harnessing behavioral data drawn from Internet search logs to detect adverse drug reactions (ADRs). By analyzing search queries collected from 80 million consenting users and by using a widely recognized benchmark of ADRs, we found that the performance of ADR detection via search logs is comparable and complementary to detection based on the FDA's adverse event reporting system (AERS). We show that by jointly leveraging data from the AERS and search logs, the accuracy of ADR detection can be improved by 19% relative to the use of each data source independently. The results suggest that leveraging nontraditional sources such as online search logs could supplement existing pharmacovigilance approaches.
The development of JR-DSSG (1995)

To increase software productivity and enhance its quality, techniques for software reuse have attracted more and more attention in recent years. Among these techniques, application generator is a rather practical one but without deep explorations yet. In this paper, at first we examine the application generator in terms of characteristics of software reuse. And then, as a case study of application generator technique, the development of JR-DSSG and its features are presented. Finally, we end this paper with a discussion of intended further work.
The behaviour of high temperature filter materials in hot gasifier and combustor gas atmospheres (1987)

Ceramic filt ers are promising devices for cleaning the high temperature gases from advanced coal-fired power generation processes. The stability of a range of candidate ceramic materials has been determined in gases produced from fluidized bed combustion and gasification processes. The materials have included ceramics based on alumina, alumino-silicates, zirconia and silicon carbide in the forms ofblankets, woven fabrics and rigid candles.Candle filters were found to produce the best compromise between initial strength and resistance to degradation. A number ofpossible degradation processes have been identified.
Magnetic control of potential microrobotic drug delivery systems: Nanoparticles, magnetotactic bacteria and self-propelled microjets (2013)

Development of targeted drug delivery systems using magnetic microrobots increases the therapeutic indices of drugs. These systems have to be incorporated with precise motion controllers. We demonstrate closed-loop motion control of microrobots under the influence of controlled magnetic fields. Point-to-point motion control of a cluster of iron oxide nanoparticles (diameter of 250 nm) is achieved by pulling the cluster towards a reference position using magnetic field gradients. Magnetotactic bacterium (MTB) is controlled by orienting the magnetic fields towards a reference position. MTB with membrane length of 5 µm moves towards the reference position using the propulsion force generated by its flagella. Similarly, self-propelled microjet with length of 50 µm is controlled by directing the microjet towards a reference position by external magnetic torque. The microjet moves along the field lines using the thrust force generated by the ejecting oxygen bubbles from one of its ends. Our control system positions the cluster of nanoparticles, an MTB and a microjet at an average velocity of 190 µm/s, 28 µm/s, 90 µm/s and within an average region-of-convergence of 132 µm, 40 µm, 235 µm, respectively.
Older women’s experience of the menopause (1998)

Older women are often stereotyped as less productive and less healthy, bemoaning the end of their fertile life and crying out for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The author of this article challenges these images and suggests that the menopause marks a beginning rather than an end. Nurses should take a more positive approach to women entering the later part of their lives.
Defining the genetic chaos in myeloma (2002)

Progress in understanding the malignant transformations that occur in multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells has been slow, largely due to the significant heterogeneity of genetic and signaling abnormalities, which include extensive chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, and deregulated