gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Structural-Health-Monitoring Sheets (2008)

A generic design for a type of flexible structural-health-monitoring sheet with multiple sensor/actuator types and a method of manufacturing such sheets has been developed. A sheet of this type contains an array of sensing and/or actuation elements, associated wires, and any other associated circuit elements incorporated into various flexible layers on a thin, flexible substrate. The sheet can be affixed to a structure so that the array of sensing and/or actuation elements can be used to analyze the structure in accordance with structural-health-monitoring techniques. Alternatively, the sheet can be designed to be incorporated into the body of the structure, especially if the structure is made of a composite material. Customarily, structural-health monitoring is accomplished by use of sensors and actuators arrayed at various locations on a structure. In contrast, a sheet of the present type can contain an entire sensor/actuator array, making it unnecessary to install each sensor and actuator individually on or in a structure. Sensors of different types such as piezoelectric and fiber-optic can be embedded in the sheet to form a hybrid sensor network. Similarly, the traces for electric communication can be deposited on one or two layers as required, and an entirely separate layer can be employed to shield the sensor elements and traces.
DNA methylation is a reversible biological signal (1999)

The pattern of DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating different genome functions. To test the hypothesis that DNA methylation is a reversible biochemical process, we purified a DNA demethylase from human cells that catalyzes the cleavage of a methyl residue from 5-methyl cytosine and its release as methanol. We show that similar to DNA methyltransferase, DNA demethylase shows CpG dinucleotide specificity, can demethylate mdCpdG sites in different sequence contexts, and demethylates both fully methylated and hemimethylated DNA. Thus, contrary to the commonly accepted model, DNA methylation is a reversible signal, similar to other physiological biochemical modifications.
Planar Solar Concentrators using Subwavelength Gratings (2011)

New planar design to concentrate sunlight using unique diffraction properties of subwavelength gratings is presented. Concentration ratio >10× is achieved suitable for medium-concentration solar systems.
Stable field emission from nanoporous silicon carbide (2013)

We report on a new type of stable field emitter capable of electron emission at levels comparable to thermal sources. Such an emitter potentially enables significant advances in several important technologies which currently use thermal electron sources. These include communications through microwave electronics, and more notably imaging for medicine and security where new modalities of detection may arise due to variable-geometry x-ray sources. Stable emission of 6 A cm(-2) is demonstrated in a macroscopic array, and lifetime measurements indicate these new emitters are sufficiently robust to be considered for realistic implementation. The emitter is a monolithic structure, and is made in a room-temperature process. It is fabricated from a silicon carbide wafer, which is formed into a highly porous structure resembling an aerogel, and further patterned into an array. The emission properties may be tuned both through control of the nanoscale morphology and the macroscopic shape of the emitter array.
Alpha-Ionol as Attractant for Trapping Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1994)

Many essential oils, synthetic aroma formulations, and compounds with structural Similarity to the commonly used lures for males of several tephritid fruit fly pests were bioassayed in olfactometers for their attractancy to males and females of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). A group of ionone- and ionol-related compounds was found to be highly attractive to laboratory-reared males; among these compounds, α-ionol and β-ionol were the most attractive, with a-ionol being chemically more stable than its β-isomer. Consistent with the results obtained using laboratory-reared adults, wild B. latifrons males were more attracted to a-ionol than females. In addition, males showed more attraction to a-ionol than hydrolyzed protein bait. Under natural field conditions, however, the density of feral B. latifrons females in hydrolyzed protein bait traps was higher than the density of males in α-ionol traps.
<title>Design and fabrication of the Schwarzschild objective for soft x-ray microscopes</title> (1992)

The design of the Schwarzschild objective considering an alignment error is discussed and its fabrication for a soft x-ray microscope is described. It is shown that performance degradation of a Schwarzschild objective by an alignment error can be reduced in a heterocentric system, in which the center of a curvature of a concave mirror is not coincident with that of a convex mirror. Objectives with a magnification of 100 and 224 have been fabricated. To complete an indispensable and difficult alignment within the objective itself, the two mirrors are mounted together in the same frame. The alignment errors of the mirrors are detected and their positions are corrected in a newly developed alignment system, which allows the alignment to achieve the tolerance of 0.3 micrometers . The fabrication of Mo/Si multilayers used for the mirrors are also described briefly. A reflectometer using a laser produced plasma source has been developed to measure reflectances of multilayers. The Mo/Si multilayer deposited by magnetron sputtering shows a reflectance over 40% at a wavelength of roughly 135 angstroms.
The engineering of cybernetic systems (2002)

This tutorial develops a logical basis for the engineering of systems that operate cybernetically. The term cybernetic system has a clear quantitative definition. It is a system that dynamically matches acquired information to selected actions relative to a computational issue that defines the essential purpose of the system or machine. This notion requires that information and control be further quantified. The logic of questions and assertions as developed by Cox provides one means of doing this. The design and operation of cybernetic systems can be understood by contrasting these kinds of systems with communication systems and information theory as developed by Shannon. The joint logic of questions and assertions can be seen to underlie and be common to both information theory as applied to the design of discrete communication systems and to a theory of discrete general systems. The joint logic captures a natural complementarity between systems that transmit and receive information and those that acquire and act on it. Specific comparisons and contrasts are made between the source rate and channel capacity of a communication system and the acquisition rate and control capacity of a general system. An overview is provided of the joint logic of questions and assertions and the ties that this logic has to both conventional information theory and to a general theory of systems. I-diagrams, the interrogative complement of Venn diagrams, are described as providing valuable reasoning tools. An initial framework is suggested for the design of cybernetic systems. Two examples are given to illustrate this framework as applied to discrete cybernetic systems. These examples include a predator-prey problem as illustrated through “The Dog Chrysippus Pursuing its Prey,” and the derivation of a single-neuron system that operates cybernetically and is biologically plausible. Future areas of research are highlighted which require development for a mature engineering framework.
Recent advances in very large area avalanche photodiodes (2003)

The Avalanche Photodiode (APD) is a unique device that combines the advantages of solid state photodetectors with those of high gain devices such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). APDs have internal gain that provides a high signal-to-noise ratio. APDs have high quantum efficiency, are fast, compact, and rugged. These properties make them suitable detectors for important applications such as LADAR, detection and identification toxic chemicals and bio-warfare agents, LIDAR fluorescence detection, stand-off laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and nuclear detectors and imagers. Recently there have been significant technical breakthroughs in fabricating very large APDs, APD arrays, and position sensitive APD arrays (PSAPD). Signal gain of over 10,000 has been achieved, single element APDs have been fabricated with active area greater than 40 cm<sup>2</sup>, monolithic pixelated arrays with up to 28 x 28 elements have been fabricated, and position sensitive APDs have been developed and tested. Additionally, significant progress has been made in improving the fabrication process to provide better uniformity and high yield, permitting cost effective manufacturing of APDs for reduced cost.
Visualization techniques for circular tabletop interfaces (2002)

This paper presents visualization and layout schemes developed for a novel circular user interface designed for a round, tabletop display. Since all the displayed items are in a polar coordinate system, many interface and visualization schemes must be revisited to account for this new layout of UI elements. We discuss the direct implications of such a circular interface on document orientation. We describe two types of fisheye deformation of the circular layout and explain how to use them in a multi-person collaborative interface. These two schemes provide a general layout framework for circular interfaces. We have also designed a new visualization technique derived from the particularities of the circular layout we have highlighted. In this technique the user controls the layout of the elements of a hierarchical tree. Our approach is to provide the user rich interaction possibilities to easily and quickly produce a layout comparable to the hyperbolic view developed at Xerox PARC. The visualization work presented in this paper is part of our ongoing Personal Digital Historian (PDH) research project. The overall goal of PDH is to investigate ways to effectively and intuitively organize, navigate, browse, present and visualize digital data in an interactive multi-person conversational setting.
Synthesis and Photopolymerization of Silicon-Containing Multifunctional Oxetane Monomers (1993)

Abstract A series of silicon-containing multifunctional oxetane monomers has been prepared and characterized. These monomers were compared among themselves and with other oxetane monomers with respect to their reactivity in photoinitiated cationic polymerization.
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2 receptor antagonists (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibitors of gastric acid secretion: 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides and 1,1-dioxides as urea equivalents in a series of histamine H2 receptor antagonistsWilliam C. Lumma Jr., Paul S. Anderson, John J. Baldwin, William A. Bolhofer, Susan F. Britcher, Bradley V. Clineschmidt, George H. Denny, Charles N. Habecker, Jordan M. Hirshfield, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 3, 207–210Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00345a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00345a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Free‐breathing quantification of regional ventilation derived by phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI (2019)

A fully quantified regional ventilation measurement using ΔV<sub>VR</sub> in free breathing is feasible and shows physiologically plausible results. In contrast to conventional ΔV<sub>FV,</sub> volume errors due to image registration are eliminated with the ΔV<sub>VR</sub> approach. However, correction for the T<sub>2</sub> * effect remains challenging.
Z-Sorb sorbent for hot gas desulfurization (1994)

Z-Sorb sorbent is a regenerable sorbent for hydrogen sulfide. It is based on zinc oxide supported in a porous matrix and contains a nickel oxide promoter. Originally, it was developed for tail-gas cleanup, but recently it has been tested for removal of hydrogen sulfide from hot simulated fuel gas that is representative of a coal gasification process. For the latter technology, previous fixed-bed sorbents have shown poor mechanical stability due to spalling when absorbing hydrogen sulfide in reducing gas atmospheres or when being regenerated over many cycles. Recent rests have shown that Z-Sorb sorbent had excellent chemical reactivity and mechanical stability for application in fixed-bed reactors. In an ongoing sorbent research and development program, PPCO has developed a fluidized version of the Z-Sorb III sorbent that is the subject of investigation in this paper.
Strain Tolerant Porous Silicon Nitride (1997)

An approach to material strain tolerance, which basically makes it possible to lower the elastic modulus while retaining strength, was experimentally confirmed using as an example a porous silicon nitride composed of oriented anisotropic grains and pores. The porous structure consisting of tightly tangled rodlike grains and anisotropic pores was obtained by using β‐Si 3 N 4 whiskers. This material exhibited a low Youngs modulus while retaining a relatively high fracture stress, even though it contained 14.4% porosity. Consequently, the strain to failure of silicon nitride was appreciably increased.
Micellization of Hydrophobically Modified Cyclodextrins:  2. Inclusion of Guest Molecules (2000)

The association of guest molecules in aggregates of a modified cyclodextrin, 6I-(cholest-5-en-3α-ylamido)succinylamido-6I-deoxy-per(2,6-di-O-methyl)cyclomaltoheptaose, was investigated for four different sparingly water-soluble molecules and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate). The binding and spatial proximities were demonstrated for these different guests by NMR (nuclear Overhauser effect pumping). By use of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, the microstructure at the supramolecular scale of the modified cyclodextrin micelle, i.e., aggregation number, charge, and volume, in the presence of guest molecules could be defined. From the analysis of the variations in terms of aggregation number and charge induced by the presence of the guest molecule, the cavity of the cyclodextrin was shown to remain available for solubilization and transport. The stability and specificity of the mixed micelle involving target molecules demonstrated here make these hydrophobically modified cyclodextrins good candidates as molecular carriers.
Transmit/receive time-delay beam-forming optical architecture for phased-array antennas (1991)

A robust, compact, and efficient time-delay beam-forming optical architecture is introduced that operates in both the antenna transmit and receive modes.
Three-dimensional image security (2001)

In this work we describe a method for optoelectronic encryption of 3D images based in digital holography. Phase-shift digital holography is used to record the complex ampli-tude distribution of the Fresnel diffraction patterns generated by a 3D object illuminated with coherent light. First, we review a technique to encrypt optically the information contained in a 2D object by using digital holography. The method is then extended to encrypt 3D information. In both cases encryption is performed by using random phase codes as key functions. Decryption can be carried out optical or digitally. We also show that, after decryption, 3D objects can be reconstructed digitally with different perspec-tives by performing simple operations on the decrypted hologram. Experimental results are presented.
Mutational analysis of the promoter required for influenza virus virion RNA synthesis (1992)

An in vitro RNA synthesis system was established in which the influenza virus virion (minus-sense) RNA was made from the synthetic plus-sense RNA (cRNA) template by the purified viral polymerase complex. The cRNA promoter was studied by mutational analysis using the in vitro system, and on the basis of these experiments, the first 11 nucleotides of the 3' noncoding sequence were found to contain the minimum promoter required for virion RNA synthesis. The addition of extra nucleotides at the 3' end decreased the promoter activity of the templates, indicating that the viral polymerase does not recognize an internal promoter efficiently. The wild-type and mutated RNA templates were also tested in vivo by using the ribonucleoprotein transfection system. In contrast to the in vitro system, it was found that the majority of mutations at the 3'-terminal sequence significantly decreased or abolished chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression. These results suggest that the cRNA promoter overlaps other essential cis elements required for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in vivo.
Use of a rodent model to show that varicella-zoster virus ORF61 is dispensable for establishment of latency (2003)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in a latent infection in humans after primary infection. Latency has also been established in guinea pigs and rats after inoculation with the virus. It was found that infection of cotton rats with the Oka vaccine strain of VZV results in a latent infection. To begin to identify which genes are required for latency, we infected cotton rats with VZV strain Oka that is deleted for ORF61. ORF61 protein transactivates certain VZV promoters and enhances the infectivity of viral DNA in transient transfections. Deletion of ORF61 results in abnormal syncytia and impairs the growth of VZV in vitro. Inoculation of cotton rats with ORF61-deleted Oka virus resulted in latent VZV infection in the nervous system similar to that seen for animals infected with parental virus. Thus, the cotton rat can be used to study the ability of mutants in the Oka vaccine strain of VZV to establish latent infection.
Efficient Alternative to Intra Refresh using Reliable Reference Frames (2007)

Motion compensated prediction of video results in decoder-side error propagation (EP) in the presence of channel losses. Progressive intra-refresh methods control the EP, but lead to a drop in coding efficiency (CE). Error-resilient video coding schemes using multiple reference frames have been proposed earlier to achieve a better CE. Some schemes (e.g. ACK-based) tend to be conservative at the expense of CE. Methods using probabilistic models and motion tracking to estimate the decoder state offer better CE, but do not take care of the time taken to recover from losses and the EP due to the use of unreliable reference frames. In this paper, we propose an alternative to intra-refresh that controls the EP and overcomes the CE loss through the use of reliable (i.e. near drift-free) reference frames to code the refresh macroblocks. The proposed scheme has been validated through integration into a ITU-T H.264 encoder and has been shown to give a CE gain of up to 1.5dB. Further, it is of low-complexity and suited for implementation on embedded platforms.
Localization and analysis of critical areas in urban scenarios (2008)

This paper presents an application of a pedestrian detection system aimed at localizing potentially dangerous situations in specific urban scenarios. The approach used in this work differs from the one implemented in traditional pedestrian detection systems, which are designed to localize all pedestrians appearing in the area in front of the vehicle. This application first locates critical areas in the urban environment, and then it searches for pedestrians in these areas only. The environment is reconstructed with a standard laser scanner system, while the following check for the presence of pedestrians is performed thanks to the fusion with a vision system. The great advantages of such an approach are that pedestrian recognition is performed on a very limited image area -therefore boosting its timing performance- and no assessment on the danger level is finally required before providing the result to either the driver or an on-board computer for automatic manoeuvres.
Image ranking and retrieval based on multi-attribute queries (2011)

We propose a novel approach for ranking and retrieval of images based on multi-attribute queries. Existing image retrieval methods train separate classifiers for each word and heuristically combine their outputs for retrieving multiword queries. Moreover, these approaches also ignore the interdependencies among the query terms. In contrast, we propose a principled approach for multi-attribute retrieval which explicitly models the correlations that are present between the attributes. Given a multi-attribute query, we also utilize other attributes in the vocabulary which are not present in the query, for ranking/retrieval. Furthermore, we integrate ranking and retrieval within the same formulation, by posing them as structured prediction problems. Extensive experimental evaluation on the Labeled Faces in the Wild(LFW), FaceTracer and PASCAL VOC datasets show that our approach significantly outperforms several state-of-the-art ranking and retrieval methods.
L‐5: <i>Late‐News Paper:</i> Single‐substrate LCDs Produced by Photo‐enforced Stratification (2002)

Abstract A new technique to produce polymer covered liquid crystal layers on a single substrate, called photo‐enforced stratification, allows cost‐effective production of ultra‐thin LCDs. The two‐step photopolymerisation‐induced phase separation of a liquid crystal and a polymer precursor can be performed on a variety of substrates and provides freedom in display design.
Microfluidic flow cytometer utilizing optical space-time coding technique (2011)

An optical-coding technique for microfluidic flow cytometers to detect forward scattering and large angle scattering signals that can be used to differentiate beads and cells.