gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering hierarchical speech features using convolutional non-negative matrix factorization (2004)

Discovering a representation that reflects the structure of a dataset is a first step for many inference and learning methods. This paper aims at finding a hierarchy of localized speech features that can be interpreted as parts. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has been proposed recently for the discovery of parts-based localized additive representations. The author proposes a variant of this method, convolutional NMF, that enforces a particular local connectivity with shared weights. Analysis starts from a spectrogram. The hidden representations produced by convolutional NMF are input to the same analysis method at the next higher level. Repeated application of convolutional NMF yields a sequence of increasingly abstract representations. These speech representations are parts-based, where complex higher-level parts are defined in terms of less complex lower-level ones.
Deoxyiminoalditols from Aldonolactones; IV: Preparation of 1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-iminoheptitols with L-glycero-D-manno, D-glycero-L-gulo and L-glycero-D-altro Configuration (1995)

Three novel 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-iminoheptitols 4, 12 and 20 were prepared by a convenient two-step procedure from 2,7-dibromo-2,7-dideoxyheptono-1,4-lactones 1, 9 and 17, respectively. The dibromolactones were either reacted directly with ammonia to give iminoheptonic acids which were then reduced, or the dibromolactones were first reduced to dibromoheptitols which were then treated with ammonia. The ring closure of the dibromo compounds was shown to proceed via epoxides. In addition, chain elongation of D-mannose and D-galactose with cyanide was carried out and the resulting heptonic acids were used for preparation of four novel bromodeoxyheptonolactones 6, 9, 14 and 17.
Convergence of the classical Rayleigh-Ritz method and the finite element method (1990)

It is demonstrated in this paper that convergence of the classical Rayleigh-Ritz method can be vastly improved by introducing a new class of admissible functions, called quasi-comparison functions
Structure of composites of the cBN-Al-ZrN system produced by high-pressure sintering (2009)

The structure of composites of the cBN-Al-ZrN system produced by high-pressure sintering has been studied using electron microscopy. Based on the analysis of morphological features of the composite components (products of the chemical interaction in the system), it has been shown that such an interaction can occur both in the presence of the liquid phase (crystallization from an Al melt) and in the direct contact of refractory components of the system.
EMI reduction of switching power supply by frequency jitter (2005)

Frequency jitter is a technique to lower the EMI noise by spreading the noise energy around the main switching frequency. The RBW of IF filter in EMI receiver has great effects on the performance of frequency jitter. In this paper, a model and MathCAD calculation algorithm of IF filter and AV detector are build to exactly predict the peak amplitude reduction of switching power supply using frequency jitter. Based on frequency modulation theory and the EMI receiver model, the critical parameters of frequency jitter are selected optimally. A 65 W flyback converter with UC3842 has been built as a prototype, and the test results are given.
Relationships between the <i>fan</i> Allele and Agronomic Traits in Soybean (1993)

Normal levels of linolenic acid (70‐80 g kg ‐1 ) in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil adversely affect oil flavor and stability. The mutation‐induced line C1640 has half the normal level of linolenic acid (37 g kg ‐1 ), but is 24% lower yielding than ‘Century’, from which it was selected. This study was conducted to determine if there are genetic relationships betweena gronomictr aits and the fan allele for low linolenic acid identified in C1640. Century and ‘Harper’, both with the FanFan alleles for normal 18:3, were crossed with C1640 containing the fanfan alleles for low 18:3. Both FanFan and fanfan segregates from the two crosses were evaluated for agronomic traits and linolenic acid in replicated tests over a 2‐yr period on a Chalmers soil (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) at the Purdue University Agronomy Research Center near West Lafayette, IN. The fanfan segregates in the Century × C1640 cross averaged slightly higher in seed yield and taller in plant height than the FanFans egregates. In the Harper × C1640 cross, fanfan segregates averaged 1 d later in maturity than FanFan segregates. Mean values for FanFan and fanfan segregates for other traits in both crosses were essentially the same. These data indicate that there are no associations between the fanfan alleles and those agronomic traits needed in commercial soybean cultivars with low levels of linolenic acid. Apparently the low yield of C1640 is controlled by genetic changes independent of the mutation for low 18:3. Regression of linolenic acid level on maturity dates for both FanFan and fanfan segregates in the Harper × C1640 cross show that segregates of both genotypes tended to have increased linolenic acid at later maturity dates. This could be attributed to the cooler temperatures during seed maturation to which the later maturing segregates were exposed.
Numerical Simulation of Compaction and Subsidence Using ABAQUS (2006)

Abstract: The evaluation of reservoir compaction and surface subsidence induced by hydrocarbon production represents a critical concern to oil companies and government environmental agencies. In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate strain and deformations at reservoir scale by using ABAQUS, linked to the flow simulator used in Eni E&amp;P.
Spike gene deletion quasispecies in serum of patient with acute MERS‐CoV infection (2016)

The spike glycoprotein of the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) facilitates receptor binding and cell entry. During investigation of a multi-facility outbreak of MERS-CoV in Taif, Saudi Arabia, we identified a mixed population of wild-type and variant sequences with a large 530 nucleotide deletion in the spike gene from the serum of one patient. The out of frame deletion predicted loss of most of the S2 subunit of the spike protein leaving the S1 subunit with an intact receptor binding domain. This finding documents human infection with a novel genetic variant of MERS-CoV present as a quasispecies. J. Med. Virol. 89:542-545, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Useful Guide to Lectin Binding: Machine-Learning Directed Annotation of 57 Unique Lectin Specificities (2022)

Glycans are critical to every facet of biology and medicine, from viral infections to embryogenesis. Tools to study glycans are rapidly evolving; however, the majority of our knowledge is deeply dependent on binding by glycan binding proteins (e.g., lectins). The specificities of lectins, which are often naturally isolated proteins, have not been well-defined, making it difficult to leverage their full potential for glycan analysis. Herein, we use a combination of machine learning algorithms and expert annotation to define lectin specificity for this important probe set. Our analysis uses comprehensive glycan microarray analysis of commercially available lectins we obtained using version 5.0 of the Consortium for Functional Glycomics glycan microarray (CFGv5). This data set was made public in 2011. We report the creation of this data set and its use in large-scale evaluation of lectin-glycan binding behaviors. Our motif analysis was performed by integrating 68 manually defined glycan features with systematic probing of computational rules for significant binding motifs using mono- and disaccharides and linkages. Combining machine learning with manual annotation, we create a detailed interpretation of glycan-binding specificity for 57 unique lectins, categorized by their major binding motifs: mannose, complex-type <i>N</i>-glycan, <i>O</i>-glycan, fucose, sialic acid and sulfate, GlcNAc and chitin, Gal and LacNAc, and GalNAc. Our work provides fresh insights into the complex binding features of commercially available lectins in current use, providing a critical guide to these important reagents.
Microfabricated Disposable DNA Sensors Based on Enzymatic Amplification Electrochemical Detection (2001)

A new electrochemical biosensing method was developed based on the immobilization of DNA probes on photolithographic gold film electrodes by self-assembled monolayer technique. The complementary sequence was hybridized to the modified electrode and the hybridization reaction was carried out at 37 °C for 1 h. Avidin-akaline phosphatase was coupled to the hybrid through avidin-biotin complex and hydrolyzed to produce an electroactive α-naphthol, which could be detected by different pulse voltammetry (DPV). Numerous factors including the concentration of the substrate and incubation time are optimized to maximize the sensitivity and speed in the assay time. The sensors were employed to detect PCR products relative to the hepatitis B plasmid. The method has a linear calibration range of 1.5 nmol/L–50 nmol/L and the detection limit is 30 fmol.
Physical Activity, Healthy Eating and Obesity Prevention: Understanding and Promoting 'Resilience' Amongst Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Groups (2010)

The role of 'resilience' in preventing obesity and promoting physical activity and healthy eating amongst people belonging to socioeconomically disadvantaged groups is discussed. Two research studies that explore the determinants of resilience to obesity and obesity-risk behaviours amongst women and children are described. The first is the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI) study, which aims to understand and reduce the increased risk of obesity amongst women and children living in socioeconomiclly disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The other study, Resilience for Eating and Activity in Children (REACH), investigates the unique predictors of physical activity and dietary behaviours among low SEP 10- to 12-year-olds, using a social ecological framework.
Persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with COVID-19 leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved (2020)

The current reports of COVID-19 focus on the respiratory system, however, intestinal infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 are also worthy of attention. This paper reported persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved in three cases with COVID-19.
Predicting the Diffusion Pattern of Internet-Based Communication Applications Using Bass Model Parameter Estimates for Email (2011)

The continuing evolution of the Internet as a major tool of communication has provided new sender/receiver applications such as email, blogs, forums and Voice over Internet Protocol. Many of these Internet-based communication applications have proven to be very popular amongst consumer groups. But when can we expect the diffusion of these new innovations to reach critical mass? The authors seek to determine when peak adoption will be reached for such Internet-based communication applications by examining the diffusion pattern of a mature application – that of email. The authors propose that Bass model parameter estimates for email can serve as an approximation of parameter estimates for other products within the domain of similar Internet-based communication applications. This study drew upon 10 years of diffusion data, and the Bass Model approach was utilised to classify individuals into adopter categories. The results revealed a q/p ratio of 50.7 for the adoption of email; indicating that the imitation effect is greater than the innovation effect in the diffusion of similar Internet-based communication technologies. It was also found that for such technologies, the peak of the noncumulative adoption curve can be expected in 5.4 years after launch. In the case of Twitter, for example, which was launched in September 2006, critical mass is predicted to occur in early-2012.
Neural network based process optimization and control (1990)

The authors present, compare, and contrast several neurocontrol systems for controlling and optimizing the manufacture of thermoplastic composite structures. Attention is given to direct-inverse neurocontrol for manufacturing and adaptive-critic-based manufacturing neurocontrol. In particular, adaptive critic neurocontrol systems that are capable of online learning and process optimization have been demonstrated in simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly specific DNA detection from massive background nucleic acids based on rolling circle amplification of target dsDNA (2014)

An advanced rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy based on the target-circularization of the targeted double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was established. Different from the traditional padlock-RCA, in which single-stranded probe DNA was circularized and amplified as signal amplification, our new approach could amplify a double-stranded DNA target. This special circularization of the target was realized by the ligation of target DNA with a biotin-labelled duplex adaptor containing 9 nt sticky ends by complementary base pairing. High specificity was obtained using two primers targeting the target sequence but not the probe itself in traditional padlock-RCA. With the help of streptavidin magnetic beads that immobilized the ligated dsDNA amplicon, the background nucleic acids contributing the most to non-specific amplification were eliminated. Under optimized conditions, less than 60 copies of the target sequence could be detected in the presence of massive background nucleic acids (>1012 copies of unrelated sequences). The sensitivity and specificity can rival canonical PCR. Without thermal cycles, the reduced handling and simpler equipment requirements render this assay a simple and rapid alternative to conventional methods. Based on these advantages, this method is a promising candidate in practical applications such as detecting contaminated food-borne pathogens in comprehensive food samples.
Solid-State Refrigeration Based on the Electrocaloric Effect for Electronics Cooling (2010)

Subambient temperature operations of advanced semiconductor devices offer many benefits, including improved reliability, reduced leakage currents, and enhanced signal to noise ratios. We discuss a new design concept for compact solid-state refrigerators based on the electrocaloric (EC) effect. The EC refrigerators are attractive because they may approach the Carnot efficiency more closely than Peltier coolers, which involve intrinsically irreversible processes. To address parasitic losses and other practical considerations that limit the actual performance of EC coolers, we incorporate laterally interdigitated electrode arrays with high effective thermal conductivity and switchable thermal interfaces with high switching ratios and high off-state thermal resistance. Numerical simulations are used to quantify the impact of various design parameters and the expected performance of the module, focusing in particular on the heat diffusion time and RC thermal time constant. Based on the material properties reported in the literature, we project that cooling power densities >10 W/cm2 may be achieved across ΔT of the order of 10 K at coefficient of performance (COP)>10. The present work motivates further experimental studies to develop advanced electrocaloric materials and fabricate/test cooling modules to assess the feasibility of their practical application.
Automated Detection and Classification of Sleep-Disordered Breathing From Conventional Polysomnography Data (1997)

Efficient automated detection of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) from routine polysomnography (PSG) data is made difficult by the availability of only indirect measurements of breathing. The approach we used to overcome this limitation was to incorporate pulse oximetry into the definitions of apnea and hypopnea. In our algorithm, 1) we begin with the detection of desaturation as a fall in oxyhemoglobin saturation level of 2% or greater once a rate of descent greater than 0.1% per second (but less than 4% per second) has been achieved and then ask if an apnea or hypopnea was responsible; 2) an apnea is detected if there is a period of no breathing, as indicated by sum respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP), lasting at least 10 seconds and coincident with the desaturation event; and 3) if there is breathing, a hypopnea is defined as a minimum of three breaths showing at least 20% reduction in sum RIP magnitude from the immediately preceding breath followed by a return to at least 90% of that "baseline" breath. Our evaluation of this algorithm using 10 PSG records containing 1,938 SDB events showed strong event-by-event agreement with manual scoring by an experienced polysomnographer. On the basis of manually verified computer desaturations, detection sensitivity and specificity percentages were, respectively, 73.6 and 90.8% for apneas and 84.1 and 86.1% for hypopneas. Overall, 93.1% of the manually detected events were detected by the algorithm. We have designed an efficient algorithm for detecting and classifying SDB events that emulates manual scoring with high accuracy.
Characterization of grinding wheels: An annotated Bibliography. Final report (1995)

The characteristics of grinding wheels, after both fabrication and periods of operation, have a significant effect on the processed surface and the mechanical properties of advanced ceramics. An extensive literature survey and review has been conducted to determine and catalogue the various characterization methods that have been investigated and reported. Although many of the references have addressed the grinding of metals, the historical and technical merit justify their inclusion in this bibliography. For convenience, the references have been subdivided into nine subheadings: Nondestructive examination; elasticity and stiffness; wheel hardness; topography and profilometry; observation of texture of wheel surfaces wheel wear; in process monitoring of grinding, acoustic emission, other; characteristics of ground surfaces; and miscellaneous.
Use of a collagen-based sealant to prevent in vivo epidural adhesions in an adult rat laminectomy model (2001)

The data obtained in this study suggest that the GAO collagen-based sealant may be an effective biomaterial to prevent epidural adhesions in vivo after laminectomy.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Aminobenzoic Acid Coordination Compounds (1973)

Abstract Several divalent metal-aminobenzoic acid coordination compounds were prepared in aqueous solutions and their thermal analyses, magnetic moments, and infrared spectra were investigated. These coordination compounds have the structure of ML2 or ML2·nH2O and are coordinated with amino and carboxyl groups of the ligand. Metal-o-aminobenzoic acid chelates give approximately the same infrared spectra but metal-m- and p-aminobenzoic acid coordination compounds are classified into two groups by their infrared spectra. Detailed assignments for the infrared absorption bands of the metal-coordination compounds have been made by a comparison of the spectra with those of the ligand and its related compounds.
The <i>Escherichia coli</i> aquaporin‐Z water channel (2000)

The membrane pathway of the rapid fluxes of water by which microorganisms adapt promptly to abrupt changes in environmental osmolality have begun to be understood since the discovery of the Escherichia coli aquaporin-Z water channel, AqpZ. As in animals and plants, aquaporins are variously represented among microorganisms, in which 31 homologous genes have already been identified in eubacteria, Archaea, fungi and protozoa. The AqpZ channel is selectively permeable to water, although other functions are not excluded. Consistent with a conservation over the course of evolution, AqpZ and AQP1, a human counterpart, share similar structures. The aqpZ gene is growth phase and osmotically regulated. AqpZ has a role in both the short- and the long-term osmoregulatory response and is required by rapidly growing cells. AqpZ-like proteins seem to be necessary for the virulence expressed by some pathogenic bacteria. Microbial aquaporins are also likely to be involved in spore formation and/or germination. Additional roles may still be unknown. The use of AqpZ as a model system will continue to provide insight into the understanding of the importance of aquaporins.
Time-series Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

A good generative model for time-series data should preserve temporal dynamics, in the sense that new sequences respect the original relationships between variables across time. Existing methods that bring generative adversarial networks (GANs) into the sequential setting do not adequately attend to the temporal correlations unique to time-series data. At the same time, supervised models for sequence prediction - which allow finer control over network dynamics - are inherently deterministic. We propose a novel framework for generating realistic time-series data that combines the flexibility of the unsupervised paradigm with the control afforded by supervised training. Through a learned embedding space jointly optimized with both supervised and adversarial objectives, we encourage the network to adhere to the dynamics of the training data during sampling. Empirically, we evaluate the ability of our method to generate realistic samples using a variety of real and synthetic time-series datasets. Qualitatively and quantitatively, we find that the proposed framework consistently and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks with respect to measures of similarity and predictive ability.
Circulatory mechanisms of shock and their mediators (1987)

Traditional concepts of shock therapy have been based on conventional monitoring. However, the availability of invasive monitoring systems has provided the means to describe the patterns of oxygen transport in various acute life-threatening illnesses. Surgical trauma provides a useful model for investigation of other shock syndromes, because measurements may be made in the preoperative control period, during the hemodynamic crisis intraoperatively, and sequentially throughout the postoperative period for survivors and nonsurvivors. This provides a time-related pattern of physiologic events that may form the basis for the physiologic evaluation of mechanisms operative in survivors and nonsurvivors. Physiologic alterations which are compensatory may be identified from the survivor pattern and differentiated from decompensations associated with the lethal course. The DO2 pattern reflects circulatory functional changes which may limit body metabolism as reflected by VO2. The body compensates for tissue hypoxia and increased metabolic needs by increased flow and DO2 in sepsis and trauma, and by increased oxygen extraction in hemorrhagic and cardiogenic shock where flow is limited. The interactions of survivors' hemodynamic and oxygen transport patterns define compensatory responses which primarily are increased cardiac output, DO2, and VO2. Inadequate compensations and decompensations of shock are clearly manifest by the nonsurvivor pattern. Therapeutic goals may be defined by the values of the survivor patterns; reduced mortality and morbidity result when these goals are vigorously applied prospectively (17-19).
Polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by zwitterionic polymer in aqueous solution (1993)

Abstract The polymerization of vinyl monomers, mainly styrene and methyl methacrylate, initiated by zwitterionic poly[3‐dimethyl(methacryloyloxy‐ethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate], [poly(DMAPS)], in aqueous solution was studied under vacuum at 85°C. An initiation mechanism involving hydrogen atom transfer is proposed. The effects of the efficiency of grafting. pH, water content and betaine polymer content on the polymerization were investigated. The conversion of vinyl monomers in poly(DMAPS) is lower than that in poly [3‐dimethyl(acryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propane sulfonate], which may be due to steric hindrance of the methyl group on the α‐carbon of the former.