gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group V Secretory Phospholipase A2-modified Low Density Lipoprotein Promotes Foam Cell Formation by a SR-A- and CD36-independent Process That Involves Cellular Proteoglycans (2005)

Accumulating evidence indicates that secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) enzymes promote atherogenic processes. We have previously showed the presence of Group V sPLA2 (GV sPLA2) in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions, its hydrolysis of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and the ability of GV sPLA2-modified LDL (GV-LDL) to induce macrophage foam cell formation in vitro. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in macrophage uptake of GV-LDL. Peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 mice (wild type (WT)), C57BL/6 mice deficient in LDL receptor (LDLR-/-), or SR-A and CD36 (DKO) were treated with control LDL, GV-LDL, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) or LDL aggregated by vortexing (vx-LDL). As expected, ox-LDL induced significantly more cholesterol ester accumulation in WT and LDLR-/- compared with DKO macrophages. In contrast, there was no difference in the accumulation of GV-LDL or vx-LDL in the three cell types. 125I-ox-LDL exhibited high affinity, saturable binding to WT cells that was significantly reduced in DKO cells. Vx-LDL and GV-LDL showed low affinity, non-saturable binding that was similar for both cell types, and significantly higher compared with control LDL. GV-LDL degradation in WT and DKO cells was similar. Analyses by confocal microscopy indicated a distinct intracellular distribution of Alexa-568-labeled GV-LDL and Alexa-488-labeled ox-LDL. Uptake of GV-LDL (but not ox-LDL or vx-LDL) was significantly reduced in cells preincubated with heparin or NaClO3, suggesting a role for proteoglycans in GV-LDL uptake. Our data point to a physiological modification of LDL that has the potential to promote macrophage foam cell formation independent of scavenger receptors.
Phase II Trial of the Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist Cutamesine (SA4503) for Recovery Enhancement After Acute Ischemic Stroke (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00639249. Unique identifier: NCT00639249. The EudraCT number is 2007-004840-60 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2007-004840-60/GB).
Surgical Compared with Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis (2009)

Compared with patients who are treated nonoperatively, patients in whom degenerative spondylolisthesis and associated spinal stenosis are treated surgically maintain substantially greater pain relief and improvement in function for four years.
Tangeretin and its metabolite 4′‐hydroxytetramethoxyflavone attenuate EGF‐stimulated cell cycle progression in hepatocytes; role of inhibition at the level of mTOR/p70S6K (2010)

Tangeretin and 4'-OH-TMF both inhibit cell cycle progression in primary hepatocytes. The inhibition of p70S6K phosphorylation by 4'-OH-TMF raises the possibility that inhibition of the mTOR pathway may contribute to the anticancer influence of a flavonoid-rich diet.
BRANDAID: A Marketing-Mix Model, Part 1: Structure (1975)

Marketing managers make decisions about price, advertising, promotion, and other marketing variables on the basis of factual data, judgments, and assumptions about how the market works. BRANDAID is a flexible, on-line model for assembling these elements to describe the market and evaluate strategies. This paper motivates the model and presents its mathematics. The structure is modular so that individual decision areas can be added or deleted at will. The model is of the aggregate response type, in which decision variables relate closely to specific sales performance measures. The major submodels are advertising, promotion, price, salesmen, and retail distribution. The advertising submodel employs a long-run sales response to advertising function and a linear lag process. Promotional effects are built up from a characteristic time pattern for the type of promotion and a response curve. Salesman affect sales through a response process structurally similar to that for advertising. Retail distribution variables are intermediaries that the company affects and that in turn affect customer response. Submodel outputs combine multiplicatively. Competition enters in a modular, symmetric way through a matrix of competitive coefficients that determine the source of sales for each brand as it seeks to increase its market position.
Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basis of Design Project Definition Chemical Routes Physical Properties Chemical Reaction Analysis Chemical Reaction Network Chemical Equilibrium Hydrogenation of Phenol Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol Kinetics Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone Cyclohexanol Dehydrogenation Thermodynamic Analysis Input/Output Structure Reactor/Separation/Recycle Structure Phenol Hydrogenation Reactor-Design Issues Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexanol Reactor Design Separation System Material-Balance Flowsheet Simulation Sizing and Optimization Energy Integration One-Reactor Process Process Dynamics and Control Control Objectives Plantwide Control Environmental Impact Conclusions References
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Macrocycles Related to 10‐Oxa‐epothilone (2004)

Abstract A short and convergent synthesis of macrocyclic lactones related to 10‐oxa‐epothilone is based on aldolisation of a 3‐(2′‐methylallyloxy) aldehyde derived from methyl (2 S )‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropionate followed by ring‐closing metathesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Learning Benefits of On-Line Spaced Education Persist for 2 Years (2009)

On-line spaced education can generate improvements in learning that are retained 2 years later. Although the effect size is modest, the persistence of detectable knowledge differences between educational interventions after such a long duration is exceedingly unusual. Further research is needed to determine how spaced education can best be used to optimize lifelong learning for urologists.
Mineral Matter and Trace Elements in Miocene Coals of the Tuncbilek-Domanic Basin, Kutahya, Turkey (2003)

The Tuncbilek-Domanic basin, which is one of the most productive coal basins of western Anatolia-Turkey, contains a thick and lateral extensive coal bed at the base of the Miocene Tuncbilek Formation. The coal bed sampled in this study has a thickness of 3–10 m. The coals are produced both by underground and mainly open-cast mining methods. Eight channel samples, which represent the full thickness of the coal bed, were collected from different coal mines and evaluated in this study. The samples show that the coal bed, on an air-dried basis, has high ash yields (29.8–55.5%), a large range of total sulfur contents (0.61–4.48%), and calorific values (2,433–4,834 kcal/kg). The mean values of random reflectance, in oil, of ulminite, which are between 0.42 and 0.51%Rr (av. 0.46%), and nonagglomerating character imply that the coals are in a subbituminous coal rank. The mineral matter of the whole-coal samples was identified by X-ray powder diffraction. This study shows that the samples are mainly made up of clay minerals (smectite, illite, and kaolinite/chlorite) and quartz and minor/trace amounts of siderite, dolomite, and pyrite. Moreover, some samples contain appreciable contents of feldspar, calcite, gypsum and opal-CT, and jarosite. Petrographic studies show that some massive pyrites, calcites, and dolomites were detected in cleat and fracture infillings. Elemental results were determined using an energy dispersive, polarized X-ray spectrometer (EDP-XRF) on a whole-coal dry basis. Ten trace elements (As, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th, and U), considered as potentially hazardous air pollutants, are present in low to moderate concentrations. The Cr and Ni concentrations in all of the samples and As, Co, Mn, Se, Th, and U concentrations in some samples display relative enrichments in comparison to other coals in the world.
Privacy-Preserving Data Mining of Medical Data Using Data Separation-Based Techniques (2007)

The CODATA Data Science Journal is a peer-reviewed, open access, electronic journal, publishing papers on the management, dissemination, use and reuse of research data and databases across all research domains, including science, technology, the humanities and the arts. The scope of the journal includes descriptions of data systems, their implementations and their publication, applications, infrastructures, software, legal, reproducibility and transparency issues, the availability and usability of complex datasets, and with a particular focus on the principles, policies and practices for open data.All data is in scope, whether born digital or converted from other sources.
7. Toward a Leaderless Currency System (2019)

Revised January 2008 TOWARD A LEADERLESS CURRENCY SYSTEM Benjamin J. Cohen Department of Political Science University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9420 tel: (805) 893-8763 fax: (805) 568-3720 email: bjcohen@polsci.ucsb.edu (home page: http://www.polsci.ucsb.edu/faculty/cohen) Prepared for “Whither the Key Currency? American Policy and the Global Role of the Dollar in the 21 st Century,” ed. Eric Helleiner and Jonathan Kirshner. I am indebted to William Grimes, Eric Helleiner, and Jonathan Kirshner for helpful comments. The research assistance of Heather Arnold is also gratefully acknowledged.
Camphor as a natural source of chirality in asymmetric synthesis (1990)

Abstract
THE SYNTHESIS OF 2-AZA-ADENOSINE-3′,5′-CYCLIC PHOSPHATE VIA 1,<i>N</i>6-ETHENO-ADENOSINE-3′,5′-CYCLIC PHOSPHATE (1975)

Abstract Treatment of 2-aza-1,N6-etheno-c-AMP with NBS or Br2 under mild conditions gave 2-aza-c-AMP in a high yield. Therefore, the route c-AMP→2-aza-1,N6-etheno-c-AMP→2-aza-c-AMP offers an excellent way to synthesize the last compound.
T<sub>H</sub>17 Cells in Asthma and COPD (2010)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represent two classes of chronic obstructive lung disorders that may share some similar immunologic mechanisms of disease. Asthma is a complex human disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation, whereas COPD is marked by progressive emphysematic changes in the lung. Recently it has been shown that advanced COPD is characterized by lymphoid follicles, drawing attention to immunological mechanisms in COPD. Despite numerous studies in mice to elucidate the immunologic mechanisms of asthma, sufficient current treatment options are limited. Clinically, many asthma patients fail to satisfactorily respond to standard steroid therapy, and this type of steroid-resistant, severe asthma has been linked to the presence of neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. The role of neutrophils, macrophages, and their secreted proteases in COPD needs to be better defined. Recently, the T lymphocyte subset T(H)17 was shown to play a role in regulating neutrophilic and macrophage inflammation in the lung, suggesting a potential role for T(H)17 cells in severe, steroid-insensitive asthma and COPD.
<i>In situ</i> epitaxial growth of TiO2 on RuO2 nanorods with reactive sputtering (2006)

In this work, TiO2 deposition on RuO2 nanorods with reactive sputtering was studied. The TiO2 deposition was performed in situ after the RuO2 nanorod deposition at the same substrate temperature of 450 °C. The morphology examination and structure analysis have indicated a uniform and pure rutile TiO2 deposition on RuO2 nanorods. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images also revealed an epitaxial growth of TiO2 on RuO2 nanorods. Such a low-temperature fabrication technique for one-dimensional (1D) heteronanostructure may apply to other functional materials. Since RuO2 is a good electric conductor, 1D heteronanostructures made from RuO2 nanorods are expected to exhibit enhanced functionality particularly in electrical and electrochemical applications.
Characterization of the Vitreous Proteome in Diabetes without Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetes with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2008)

An understanding of the diabetes-induced alterations in vitreous protein composition in the absence and in the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) may provide insights into factors and mechanisms responsible for this disease. We have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis and comparison of vitreous samples from individuals with diabetes but without diabetic retinopathy (noDR) or with PDR and nondiabetic individuals (NDM). Using preparative one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and nano-LC/MS/MS of 17 independent vitreous samples, we identified 252 proteins from human vitreous. Fifty-six proteins were differentially abundant in noDR and PDR vitreous compared with NDM vitreous, including 32 proteins increased and 10 proteins decreased in PDR vitreous compared with NDM vitreous. Comparison of noDR and PDR groups revealed increased levels of angiotensinogen and decreased levels of calsyntenin-1, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, and neuroserpin in PDR vitreous. Biological pathway analysis revealed that vitreous contains 30 proteins associated with the kallikrein-kinin, coagulation, and complement systems. Five of them (complement C3, complement factor I, prothrombin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and antithrombin III) were increased in PDR vitreous compared with NDM vitreous. Factor XII was detected in PDR vitreous but not observed in either NDM or noDR vitreous. PDR vitreous also had increased levels of peroxiredoxin-1 and decreased levels of extracellular superoxide dismutase, compared with noDR or NDM vitreous. These data provide an in depth analysis of the human vitreous proteome and reveal protein alterations that are associated with PDR.
Lobaplatin arrests cell cycle progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2010)

Cytotoxicity of lobaplatin in human HCC cells might be due to its ability to arrest cell cycle progression which would contribute to the potential use of lobaplatin for the management of HCC.
Arterial–Ventricular Coupling with Aging and Disease (2012)

Age is the dominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the coupling between the left ventricle (LV) and arterial system, termed arterial-ventricular coupling (E(A)/E(LV)), provides important mechanistic insights into the complex cardiovascular system and its changes with aging in the absence and presence of disease. E(A)/E(LV) can be indexed by the ratio of effective arterial elastance (E(A); a measure of the net arterial load exerted on the LV) to left ventricular end-systolic elastance (E(LV); a load-independent measure of left ventricular chamber performance). Age-associated alterations in arterial structure and function, including diameter, wall thickness, wall stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction, contribute to a gradual increase in resting E(A) with age. Remarkably there is a corresponding increase in resting E(LV) with age, due to alterations to LV remodeling (loss in myocyte number, increased collagen) and function. These age-adaptations at rest likely occur, at least, in response to the age-associated increase in E(A) and ensure that E(A)/E(LV) is closely maintained within a narrow range, allowing for optimal energetic efficiency at the expense of mechanical efficacy. This optimal coupling at rest is also maintained when aging is accompanied by the presence of hypertension, and obesity, despite further increases in E(A) and E(LV) in these conditions. In contrast, in heart failure patients with either reduced or preserved ejection fraction, E(A)/E(LV) at rest is impaired. During dynamic exercise, E(A)/E(LV) decreases, due to an acute mismatch between the arterial and ventricular systems as E(LV) increases disproportionate compared to E(A) (≈200 vs. 40%), to ensure that sufficient cardiac performance is achieved to meet the increased energetic requirements of the body. However, with advancing age the reduction in E(A)/E(LV) during acute maximal exercise is blunted, due to a blunted increase E(LV). This impaired E(A)/E(LV) is further amplified in the presence of disease, and may explain, in part, the reduced cardiovascular functional capacity with age and disease. Thus, although increased stiffness of the arteries itself has important physiological and clinical relevance, such changes also have major implications on the heart, and vice versa, and the manner in the way they interact has important ramifications on cardiovascular function both at rest and during exercise. Examination of the alterations in arterial-ventricular coupling with aging and disease can yield mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of these conditions and increase the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions.
Subcutaneous Testosterone Pellet Implant (Testopel®) Therapy for Men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome: A Single-Site Retrospective Safety Analysis (2009)

Testosterone replacement with long-acting Testopel pellets had a lower rate of infection (0.3%, 1/292 procedures) as compared with historical data from the Organon testosterone pellet (1.4-6.8%). Additionally, the rate of pellet extrusion was substantially lower (0.3%, 1/292 procedures) as compared with historical data (8.5-12%). None of the patients who complied with post-implant procedure instructions experienced infection or pellet extrusion. Patient satisfaction was high and serum hormone values were improved. The low infection and extrusion rates observed may have been the result of the manufacturing process, which results in small, smooth-surfaced pellets; the absence of foreign material within the pellet packaging; and/or differences in the surgical implantation technique used. Though Testopel pellets have been used in the United States for several decades, more research is needed to document their safety and efficacy.
Focused in vivo Delivery of Plasmid DNA to the Porcine Vascular Wall via Intravascular Ultrasound Destruction of Microbubbles (2009)

The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that IVUS is required to enhance gene transfection from microbubble carriers to the vessel wall in vivo. This technology may be applied to both drug and gene therapy to reduce vessel restenosis.
Image and video compression algorithms based on recovery techniques using mean field annealing (1995)

Image and video coding algorithms have found a number of applications ranging from video telephony on the public switched telephone networks (PSTN) to HDTV. However, as the bit rate is lowered, most of the existing techniques, as well as current standards, such as JPEG, H. 261, and MPEG-1 produce highly visible degradations in the reconstructed images primarily due to the information loss caused by the quantization process. In this paper, we propose an iterative technique to reduce the unwanted degradations, such as blocking and mosquito artifacts while keeping the necessary detail present in the original image. The proposed technique makes use of a priori information about the original image through a nonstationary Gauss-Markov model. Utilizing this model, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate is obtained iteratively using mean field annealing. The fidelity to the data is preserved by projecting the image onto a constraint set defined by the quantizer at each iteration. The proposed solution represents an implementation of a paradigm we advocate, according to which the decoder is not simply undoing the operations performed by the encoder, but instead it solves an estimation problem based on the available bitstream and any prior knowledge about the source image. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on a JPEG, as well as on an H.261-type video codec. It is shown to be effective in removing the coding artifacts present in low bit rate compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Technologies for Flexible AMOLEDs (2015)

In 2013, the world's first mass‐produced devices based on flexible AMOLED displays entered the marketplace. In this article, the technical barriers and challenges involved in creating the AMOLED panel used in LG Display's G Flex smartphone will be described.
Performance and Stability of Supercapacitor Modules based on Porous Carbon Electrodes in Hybrid Powertrain (2014)

混合力量来源在电的车辆区域吸引了许多注意。特别地，因为 supercapacitors 的高力量密度，电电的混合 powertrain 系统由 supercapacitor 模块和锂离子电池组成广泛地被使用了。在这研究，我们设计包含在平行和一节锂离子电池的基于电极的 supercapacitor 模块包装的二多孔的碳的一个混合 powertrain 系统。与严峻的车站的构造，使用的 supercapacitor 模块的表演和稳定性在与 supercapacitor 的结构的关联被调查，电极材料的性质适用。到 48.5 V 的从 20 V 的电压颤动的反应时间从 20 A 随应用电流的增加从大约 490 s 在收费或排出的过程期间减少到 94 s 到 100 A，这被显示出。电容器模块的电容在应用电流上是将近独立的。与设计安装，精力效率能象 0.99 一样高到达。这里描述的结果为在电的车辆使用的混合力量系统为 supercapacitors 和优化控制策略的材料选择提供指导。
Freeze Substitution and Freeze Drying for Stable, Long-Term Preservation of Cytologic Specimens for Immunostaining (1996)

Freeze substitution and freeze drying are an alternative method of preserving cytologic specimens.
Time-dependent changes in the size distribution of distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles (1979)

The results of transmission electron microscopic and ultracentrifugal studies of the size distributions of sonicated distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles are reported. Small vesicles (d approximately 300 A) were prepared by sonication of pure 1,2-distearoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine in water and incubated at 4, 21, 40, 53, and 65 degrees C. The vesicle size distributions changed as a function of time at all temperatures below the phase-transition temperature but remained constant at the transition temperature and above. The sizes of structures to which the small vesicles are converted are the same at all temperatures, although the rates of conversion differ. The primary structures formed are identified as larger vesicles. The rate of loss of small vesicles is found to increase with decreasing temperature. At 4 and 21 degrees C small vesicles are converted to amorphous material, possibly irregular fragments of neat phase, in addition to being converted to larger vesicles. Trace amounts of an impurity commonly produced in the synthesis of 1,2-distearoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine, 1,3-distearoyl-2-sn-phosphatidylcholine, are found to dramatically reduce the rate of loss of small vesicles at 21 degrees C.
p16 is a major inactivation target in hepatocellular carcinoma (2000)

Among the 3 cell cycle regulator proteins encoded at the 9p21 genetic locus, inactivation of p16 is the most frequent event in HCCs in which promoter hypermethylation and homozygous deletions are the common mechanisms.
Voice Conversion Using Partial Least Squares Regression (2010)

Voice conversion can be formulated as finding a mapping function which transforms the features of the source speaker to those of the target speaker. Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based conversion is commonly used, but it is subject to overfitting. In this paper, we propose to use partial least squares (PLS)-based transforms in voice conversion. To prevent overfitting, the degrees of freedom in the mapping can be controlled by choosing a suitable number of components. We propose a technique to combine PLS with GMMs, enabling the use of multiple local linear mappings. To further improve the perceptual quality of the mapping where rapid transitions between GMM components produce audible artefacts, we propose to low-pass filter the component posterior probabilities. The conducted experiments show that the proposed technique results in better subjective and objective quality than the baseline joint density GMM approach. In speech quality conversion preference tests, the proposed method achieved 67% preference score against the smoothed joint density GMM method and 84% preference score against the unsmoothed joint density GMM method. In objective tests the proposed method produced a lower Mel-cepstral distortion than the reference methods.