gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rescued from the deep: Publishing scientific ocean drilling long tail data (2015)

Scientific ocean drilling began in 1968 and ever since has been generating huge amounts of data, including that from shipboard analysis of cores, in situ borehole measurements, long-term subseafloor hydrogeological observatories, and post-expedition research done on core samples and data at laboratories around the world (Smith et al., 2010). Much of the data collected aboard the drilling vessels are captured in a number of program databases (e.g., Janus), and eventually archived in a long-term data repository. However, data resulting from researchers' analyses on core samples in the post-cruise period are generally confined to journal articles and scholarly literature or, particularly for raw or processed data sets, to the hard drives of those researchers. Thus, knowledge of and access to long tail research data that constitutes a significant portion of the overall output of scientific ocean drilling is at risk of remaining lost to the multidisciplinary Earth sciences community. In order to address the issue of long tail data from scientific ocean drilling, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Management International (IODP-MI) partnered with the data publisher PANGAEA hosted by the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and the University of Bremen Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) to conduct a post-cruise data rescue project. This collaboration began in 2007 and continued until 2013. This report summarizes the goals, methods, results, and lessons learned from the IODP Post-Cruise Data Capture Project.
Structure and Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Nanocomposites (2002)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) possess many unique characteristics that promise to revolutionize the world of structural materials resulting in significant impact on our capability to build lighter, smaller and higher performance structures for aerospace and many other industrial applications. When the CNT are aligned, micromechanical studies showed the potential of an order of magnitude increase in mechanical properties comparing to the state of the art carbon fiber reinforced composites. The coelectrospinning process is introduced as a pathway to realize this potential by aligning and carrying the CNT in the form of nanocomposite fibrils; thus forming the precursor for linear, planar and 3D fiber assemblies for macrocomposites. In this study, SWNT were purified and dispersed in polyacrylonitrile solution for co-electrospinning into nanocomposite fibrils. The structure, composition and physical properties of these composite fibrils were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, TEM, AFM, and TGA.
Selection of acoustic features for speaker identification (1975)

The aim of this study was to determine a set of acoustic features in the speech signal that are effective for the identification of a speaker. The investigation examined a large number of theoretically attractive features. The analysis technique of linear prediction was incorporated to examine features that were previously ignored because their measurement was either too time consuming or not easily amenable to automatic measurement. A novel probability of error criterion was used to determine the the relative merits of the features. The experimental data base was collected over a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3\frac{1}{2}</tex> year period and afforded the oportunity to investigate the variation over time of the measurements. The measurements that were found to be the most important were the value of the second resonance (around 1000 Hz) in /n/, the value of the third or fourth resonance (1700-2000 Hz) in /m/ the values of the second, third and fourth formant frequencies in vowels, and the average fundamental frequency of the speaker. A speaker identification experiment using only the best five features was performed. The test data consisted of the multisession data of 11 speakers, and the test data was kept independent of the design data. One error was made in the identification of these speakers for 320 separate identification experiments.
Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Quercetin, Luteolin, and Apigenin in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L. Extract by HPLC‐UV (2017)

A simple and sensitive HPLC-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin in rat plasma after oral administration of <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> L. extract. The flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was kept at 350 nm. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.11-11.36 <i>μ</i>g/ml for quercetin, 0.11-11.20 <i>μ</i>g/ml for luteolin, and 0.11-10.60 <i>μ</i>g/ml for apigenin, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions (RSD) were less than 8.32 and 8.81%, respectively. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of the three compounds were 0.11 <i>μ</i>g/ml. The mean recoveries for quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were 99.11, 95.62, and 95.21%, respectively. Stability studies demonstrated that the three compounds were stable in the preparation and analytical process. The maximum plasma concentration (<i>C</i><sub>max</sub>) was 0.29 ± 0.06, 3.04 ± 0.60, and 0.42 ± 0.10 <i>μ</i>g/ml, respectively. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (<i>T</i><sub>max</sub>) was 0.79 ± 0.25, 0.42 ± 0.09, and 0.51 ± 0.13 h, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics study of quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin in rat plasma after oral administration of <i>M. chamomilla</i> extract.
Single-Photon Counting Detectors (2011)

Various new developments for array detectors based on Silicon Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) were reported. Improved Si-SPAD technologies brought higher detection efficiency in the red wavelength range. Higher performance was attained with InGaAs/lnP SPADs by employing fast circuit techniques and by monolithic resistor-detector integration. New lnGaAs(P)/lnP SPAD array detectors provide remarkable performance in the near-infrared range (NIR). Photon detection at longer wavelengths (up to 3.5 μm) was pursued with antimonide SPADs and Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors (SSPD).
A novel data redundancy scheme for de-duplication storage system (2010)

As the amount of digital data growing explosively, data deduplication becomes an attractive technique for conserving the storage and network requirement. However, the tradeoff between redundancy for data availability and data duplicate elimination for storage utilization becomes an issue in the deduplication storage system. To address the issue, we proposed a novel data redundancy scheme to improve the data availability for the deduplication storage system. The key idea is to optimize the system-level availability by assigning an optimal replication degree for the individual data chunk based on its commonality in the data set. We present the design and implementation of the prototype of the high availability storage system and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization approach. The evaluation experiments demonstrated the approach is practical and effective.
Two Projection Neural Networks With Reduced Model Complexity for Nonlinear Programming (2019)

Recent reports show that projection neural networks with a low-dimensional state space can enhance computation speed obviously. This paper proposes two projection neural networks with reduced model dimension and complexity (RDPNNs) for solving nonlinear programming (NP) problems. Compared with existing projection neural networks for solving NP, the proposed two RDPNNs have a low-dimensional state space and low model complexity. Under the condition that the Hessian matrix of the associated Lagrangian function is positive semi-definite and positive definite at each Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point, the proposed two RDPNNs are proven to be globally stable in the sense of Lyapunov and converge globally to a point satisfying the reduced optimality condition of NP. Therefore, the proposed two RDPNNs are theoretically guaranteed to solve convex NP problems and a class of nonconvex NP problems. Computed results show that the proposed two RDPNNs have a faster computation speed than the existing projection neural networks for solving NP problems.
STEM-holography using the electron biprism (1989)

The basics of a novel idea for electron holography in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) are outlined. First experimental results are presented showing that the mapping of both, amplitude and phase of the object wave is possible. Die Grundlagen für ein neuartiges Konzept für die Anwendung der Elektronenholographie in der Raster-Transmissions-Elektronenmiktroskopie werden dargelegt. Erste experimentelle Ergebnisse werden gezeigt, die den Nachweis erbringen, daß die Abbildung sowohl der Amplitude als auch der Phase der Objektwelle möglich ist.
Pharmacology of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐induced brain injury in an in vivo perinatal rat model (1990)

Intrastriatal injection of the glutamate analogue N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 25 nmol) in postnatal day (PND) 7 rats provides a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible assay in which potential neuroprotective strategies against excitotoxic neuronal injury can be examined in vivo. Brain injury is quantified 5 days postinjection by comparison of the weights of the injected and contralateral cerebral hemispheres. Intraperitoneal injections (15 minutes post-NMDA) of competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists attenuated the severity of NMDA-induced brain injury. The rank order of neuroprotective potency of these antagonists was CGS-19755 greater than DOIPG greater than dextromethorphan greater than HA-966. Of these compounds only the competitive antagonist CGS-19755 provided complete neuroprotection. NMDA-mediated brain injury was also reduced by the specific sigma receptor ligands +PPP and haloperidol (35% reduction). In contrast, drugs that reduce presynaptic neurotransmitter release (adenosine) or enhance neuronal inhibition (baclofen) were not effective against NMDA toxicity. Although all five of the anticonvulsants tested limited NMDA-induced seizure activity, only carbamazepine reduced NMDA-mediated brain injury (36% reduction). These findings extend earlier observations that NMDA receptor antagonists can limit NMDA-induced toxicity in vivo and suggest that sigma receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of NMDA-mediated brain injury in vivo. Furthermore, NMDA-induced seizures and brain injury appear dissociable in this in vivo model. The results illustrate important practical limitations of neuroprotection in vivo vs. in vitro.
A scalable architecture for clustered network attached storage (2003)

Network attached storage systems must provide highly available access to data while maintaining high performance, easy management, and maximum scalability. In this paper, we describe a clustered storage system that was designed with these goals in mind. The system provides a unified file system image across multiple nodes, which allows for simplified management of the system. Availability is preserved with multiple nodes and parity-striped data across these nodes. This architecture provides two key contributions: the ability to use low-cost components to deliver scalable performance and the flexibility to specify redundancy and performance policy management on a file-by-file basis. The file system is also tightly integrated with standard distributed file system protocols thereby allowing it to be used in existing networks without modifying clients.
Spatial Charge Inhomogeneity and Defect States in Topological Dirac Semimetal Thin Films (2016)

The close approach of the Fermi energy EF of a Dirac semimetal to the Dirac point ED uncovers new physics such as velocity renormalization,1,2,3 and the Dirac plasma 4,5 at |EF -ED| < kBT, where kBT is the thermal energy. In graphene, substrate disorder drives fluctuations in EF. Three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetals (TDS)6,7 obviate the substrate, and should show reduced EF fluctuations due to better metallic screening and higher dielectric constants. Here we map the potential fluctuations in TDS Na3Bi using a scanning tunneling microscope. The rms potential fluctuations are significantly smaller than room temperature (ΔEF,rms = 4-6 meV = 40-70 K) and comparable to the highest quality graphene on h-BN;8 far smaller than graphene on SiO2,9,10 or the Dirac surface state of a topological insulator.11 Surface Na vacancies produce a novel resonance close to the Dirac point with surprisingly large spatial extent and provides a unique way to tune the surface density of states in a TDS thin-film material.
SOLAR: Deep Structured Representations for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Model-based reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be a data efficient approach for learning control tasks but is difficult to utilize in domains with complex observations such as images. In this paper, we present a method for learning representations that are suitable for iterative model-based policy improvement, even when the underlying dynamical system has complex dynamics and image observations, in that these representations are optimized for inferring simple dynamics and cost models given data from the current policy. This enables a model-based RL method based on the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) to be used for systems with image observations. We evaluate our approach on a range of robotics tasks, including manipulation with a real-world robotic arm directly from images. We find that our method produces substantially better final performance than other model-based RL methods while being significantly more efficient than model-free RL.
Phycoerythrins of the Red Alga <i>Callithamnion</i> (1981)

Phycoerythrins of several species of the higher red alga Callithamnion show virtually identical spectra, typical of R-phycoerythrins, with absorption maxima at 565, 539, and 497 nanometers. One species, Callithamnion roseum, produces a phycoerythrin lacking the peak at 539 nanometers. Comparison of a "typical" R-phycoerythrin from Callithamnion byssoides with the "atypical" phycoerythrin of C. roseum shows that both proteins carry 35 bilins per native molecule of 240,000 daltons; however, C. byssoides phycoerythrin carries 27.6 phycoerythrobilin and 7.3 phycourobilin groups, whereas C. roseum phycoerythrin carries 24.1 phycoerythrobilin and 10.9 phycourobilin groups. These differences in the relative amounts of the bilin prosthetic groups account in large measure for the differences between the absorption spectra of the native proteins. The ratio of phycoerythrobilin to phycourobilin in C. roseum phycoerythrin can be modulated by varying the light intensity during growth.Data on the physical, immunological and spectroscopic properties of Callithamnion phycoerythrins indicate that the variation in the relative number of the two bilin prosthetic groups does not affect significantly the conformation of the biliprotein.
Actuator fault detection via electrical impedance testing (2007)

Lead magnesium niobate (PMN) actuators are electrostrictive actuators with high dynamic range used in deformable mirrors. Actuator fault detection in deformable mirrors typically occurs through optical testing. We developed a nonoptical method for detecting actuator faults via low electric field resonance testing. The low electric field resonance method is standard practice for characterizing piezoelectric materials. The piezoelectric/electrostrictive coefficient couples the electrical and mechanical impedance of the actuator; a change in the mechanical boundaries (force) on the actuator results in a shift of the impedance resonances. We demonstrate experimentally that a PMN actuator can fracture but retain functionality under compression and that the fracture can be detected by measuring the impedance resonances at various bias voltages (various values of tension and compression). A concurrent optical test using a displacement interferometer was used to corroborate the results. We propose the impedance resonance approach as a non-optical fault detection test for in-situ actuators.
SIP/SDP signaling of media gateway with transcoding function in converged network (2004)

There has been changed network environment from PSTN only to several networks with versatile terminal. Transcodec comes out new issue for communication each other with different codecs in converged network. We classify call setup methods without transcodec and with trnscodec and. four kind positioning of transcoding function among network resources; IP terminal, conference bridge, third party transcoding server, and media server. We designed the SIP/SDP signaling of media gateway with transcoding function in converged network. SIP/SDP call signaling for media server proposed in this paper needs less message between nodes than one of conference bridge and third party transcoding server.
Poly(adenosinediphosphoribose) polymerase inhibitors stimulate unscheduled DNA synthesis in normal human lymphocytes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(adenosinediphosphoribose) polymerase inhibitors stimulate unscheduled DNA synthesis in normal human lymphocytesJames L. Sims, Georgina W. Sikorski, Donna M. Catino, Sosamma J. Berger, and Nathan A. BergerCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 8, 1813–1821Publication Date (Print):April 13, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00537a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00537a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Locking granularity in multiprocessor database systems (2002)

The effects of locking granularity in a shared-nothing multiprocessor database system are analyzed. The analysis shows that when the system is lightly loaded fine granularity (one lock per database entity) is needed when transactions access the database randomly. However, when transactions access the database sequentially, coarse granularity is desired. When the system is heavily loaded, coarse granularity is desirable. The results also indicate that horizontal partitioning results in better performance than random partitioning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors occasionally harbor <i>BRAF</i> gene mutations but lack mutations in <i>KRAS, NRAS,</i> or <i>MEK1</i> (2012)

Acquired resistance to EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is inevitable in metastatic EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Here, we modeled disease progression using EGFR-mutant human tumor cell lines. Although five of six models displayed alterations already found in humans, one harbored an unexpected secondary NRAS Q61K mutation; resistant cells were sensitive to concurrent EGFR and MEK inhibition but to neither alone. Prompted by this finding and because RAS/RAF/MEK mutations are known mediators of acquired resistance in other solid tumors (colon cancers, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and melanomas) responsive to targeted therapies, we analyzed the frequency of secondary KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/MEK1 gene mutations in the largest collection to date of lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs. No recurrent NRAS, KRAS, or MEK1 mutations were found in 212, 195, or 146 patient samples, respectively, but 2 of 195 (1%) were found to have mutations in BRAF (G469A and V600E). Ectopic expression of mutant NRAS or BRAF in drug-sensitive EGFR-mutant cells conferred resistance to EGFR TKIs that was overcome by addition of a MEK inhibitor. Collectively, these positive and negative results provide deeper insight into mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer and inform ongoing clinical trials designed to overcome resistance. In the context of emerging knowledge about mechanisms of acquired resistance to targeted therapies in various cancers, our data highlight the notion that, even though solid tumors share common signaling cascades, mediators of acquired resistance must be elucidated for each disease separately in the context of treatment.
Non-blind Image Restoration Based on Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

Blind image restoration processors based on convolutional neural network (CNN) are intensively researched because of their high performance. However, they are too sensitive to the perturbation of the degradation model. They easily fail to restore the image whose degradation model is slightly different from the trained degradation model. In this paper, we propose a non-blind CNN-based image restoration processor, aiming to be robust against a perturbation of the degradation model compared to the blind restoration processor. Experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed non-blind CNN-based image restoration processor can robustly restore images compared to existing blind CNN-based image restoration processors.
Effect of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Left Ventricular Mechanics in Patients with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure (1981)

When positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is added to intermittent positive pressure ventilation, cardiac output and stroke volume frequently fall despite unchanged or increased transmural left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. To determine whether a part of the fall in stroke volume with PEEP is explained by depressed left ventricular systolic function (increased end-systolic volume at a given end-systolic pressure on PEEP) the authors measured left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and the corresponding pressures in nine patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Measurements were made before and after 10 cm H2O PEEP was added to the ventilator. PEEP reduced mean stroke volume from 71 to 62 ml and this was explained entirely by a reduction in end-diastolic volume from 135 to 112 ml (P less than 0.005). Despite reduced EDV, pulmonary wedge pressure increased from 12 to 14 torr on PEEP, indicating reduced diastolic compliance or unstressed volume of the left ventricle in these patients similar to that reported in dogs. The authors conclude that PEEP reduces venous return and cardiac output without depressing left ventricular pumping function because end-systolic volume decreased from 64 to 49 ml on PEEP despite identical blood pressures (78 torr). They speculate that PEEP might improve ventricular performance by increasing intrathoracic pressure and left ventricular pressure relative to systemic blood pressure in extrathoracic vessels.