gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bragg reflection waveguides with a matching layer (2004)

It is demonstrated that Bragg reflection waveguides, either planar or cylindrical, can be designed to support a symmetric mode with a specified core field distribution, by adjusting the first layer width. Analytic expressions are given for this matching layer, which matches between the electromagnetic field in the core, and a Bragg mirror optimally designed for the mode. This adjustment may change significantly the characteristics of the waveguide. At the particular wavelength for which the waveguide is designed, the electromagnetic field is identical to that of a partially dielectric loaded metallic or perfect magnetic waveguide, rather than a pure metallic waveguide. Either a planar or coaxial Bragg waveguide is shown to support a mode that has a TEM field distribution in the hollow region.
Avionics Architectures: Mechanisms, and Assurance (1999)

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA&apos;s scientific and technical information. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA&apos;s institutional mechanism for disseminating the results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types:
Functional roles of the invariant aspartic acid 55, tyrosine 306, and aspartic acid 309 in glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori studied by mutagenesis (1993)

Three mutants, Asp55-Gly, Tyr306-->Phe, and Asp309-->Asn, of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase (identical to Aspergillus niger glucoamylase) were constructed to elucidate the roles of two conserved regions within fungal glucoamylases. Kinetic studies indicate that both of these regions are closely associated with activity. The Asp55-->Gly mutation decreases the kcat approximately 200 times toward maltose and isomaltose, while KM values remain similar to the wild-type. This localizes Asp55 to subsite 1 of glucoamylase where it affects catalytic activity, but not ground-state binding. The pKa value of the catalytic general acid, Glu179, is 1 pH unit lower in that mutant compared to wild-type enzyme, confirming the proximity of Asp55 to the site of catalysis. Tyr306-->Phe is highly active, but affects binding in subsite 2. It moreover shows enhanced binding in the fourth subsite, suggesting that the conserved region around residue 306 interacts with Trp120, a critical residue that directs conformational changes stabilizing the transition-state structure. Finally, the Asp309-->Asn mutation decreases the kcat for isomaltose hydrolysis around 200-fold, but only 30-fold for maltose. This specific effect on the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-linked substrate locates Asp309 to subsite 2. Substitution of Asp309 influences affinities of distant subsites, especially subsite 4, similar to mutations of other carboxylic acid residues situated near subsites 1 and 2.
First-principles calculation of the interaction between nitrogen atoms and vacancies in silicon (2000)

Stability of several states of nitrogen in silicon were investigated by the first-principles calculation. A single nitrogen at a split interstitial site and bond center site is more stable than that at a tetrahedral and hexagonal site. A nitrogen pair is more stable than the single nitrogen at the split interstitial site by 4.3 eV, which indicates that the nitrogen pair exists even near the melting temperature of silicon. Binding energy between the nitrogen pair and two vacancies indicates that a complex consisting of the nitrogen pair and two vacancies can exist at the temperature of the void aggregation as far as considering thermal equilibrium. Formation of the complex can affect the concentration or the diffusibility of the vacancy.
HOT MIX ASPHALT FRACTURE MECHANICS: A FUNDAMENTAL CRACK GROWTH LAW FOR ASPHALT MIXTURES (2002)

Recent laboratory and field studies at the University of Florida have led to the development of a viscoelastic fracture mechanics-based crack growth law for asphalt mixtures that is capable of fully describing both initiation and propagation of cracks in asphalt mixtures for any combination of loading and temperature conditions. The model requires the determination of only four fundamental mixture parameters that can be obtained from less than one hour of testing using the Superpave Indirect Tension Test. These parameters can account for micro-damage, crack propagation, and healing for stated loading conditions, temperatures, and rest periods. This paper summarizes the developments leading to the model, and describes the model and its potential use in the areas of mixture design and optimization, performance-based specifications, and pavement design.
<i>Aequorea</i> green fluorescent protein (1994)

Expression of the cDNA for Aequorea green fluorescent protein in E. coli yielded a fused protein with fluorescence excitation and emission spectra virtually identical to those of the native green fluorescent protein. Further, a solution of the protein, when mixed with aequorin and calcium ion, emitted a greenish luminescence characteristic of the in vivo luminescence of the animal, indicating a radiationless energy transfer to the protein.
Pharmacological activity of the C‐terminal and N‐terminal domains of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor in vitro (1995)

1. In order to characterize the physiological functions of the domain structure of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), the biological capacities of half-length SLPIs, (Ser1-Pro54)SLPI and (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI, were investigated and compared with those of full-length SLPI. 2. The activities of these inhibitors against several serine proteases were determined using synthetic chromogenic substrates. The inhibitory capacity of the C-terminal domain, (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI, was as strong as that of full-length SLPI against human neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G and chymotrypsin. It possessed less trypsin inhibitory activity than intact SLPI. For the N-terminal domain of SLPI, (Ser1-Pro54)SLPI, no inhibitory activity could be detected against the serine proteases tested in this study. 3. The inhibitory activity of (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI against the proteolysis of the natural substrates elastin and collagen by NE was comparable with that of full-SLPI (elastin, IC50 = 907 +/- 31 nM for SLPI, 767 +/- 33 nM for (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI; collagen, IC50 = 862 +/- 36 nM for SLPI, 727 +/- 47 nM for (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI). 4. The binding affinities of full- and half-length SLPIs for heparin were measured by affinity column chromatography. Full-length SLPI showed high affinity for heparin while the binding capacities of both half-length SLPIs were lower. (Concentration of NaCl for elution, 0.45 M for SLPI, 0.24 M for (Ser1-Pro54)SLPI, 0.27 M for (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI). 5. The effects of full-SLPI and (Asn55-Ala107)SLPI on blood coagulation were measured using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Full-length SLPI prolonged clotting time dose dependently(1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 microM), whereas (Asn55-AlalO7)SLPI had no effect even at the highest concentration.6. In conclusion, the C-terminal domain of SLPI is a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in which participation of neutrophil proteases has been suggested.
Probabilistic graphical models for multi-source fusion from text sources (2015)

In this paper we present probabilistic graph fusion algorithms to support information fusion and reasoning over multi-source text media. Our methods resolve misinformation by combining knowledge similarity analysis and conflict identification with source characterization. For experimental purposes, we used the dataset of the articles about current military conflict in Eastern Ukraine. We show that automated knowledge fusion and conflict detection is feasible and high accuracy of detection can be obtained. However, to correctly classify mismatched knowledge fragments as misinformation versus additionally reported facts, the knowledge reliability and credibility must be assessed. Since the true knowledge must be reported by many reliable sources, we compute knowledge frequency and source reliability by incorporating knowledge provenance and analyzing historical consistency between the knowledge reported by the sources in our dataset.
Optical bistability based on Fano resonances in single- and double-layer nonlinear slab waveguide gratings (2014)

In this paper, we numerically investigate all-optical bistable switching at low input intensity based on Fano resonances available in nonlinear slab waveguide gratings with narrow slits. Fano resonances with various quality factors (Q-factors) in the single- and double-layer slab waveguide gratings are designed and their characteristics are studied by the finite-difference time-domain method. Dependencies on wavelengths of operation, various switching intensities, contrast, and bandwidth of all-optical bistabilities are observed. Comparing nonlinear characteristics of single- and double-layer grating configurations, the latter provides more bistable efficiency with the low input intensities needed and high contrast with high Q-factors at certain operating wavelengths. Both grating configurations in this work provide interesting venues for highly efficient Fano resonance-based all-optical bistable switching devices.
Lasing properties of disk microcavity based on a circular Bragg reflector (1999)

The lasing properties of quantum well structures, where the cavity is defined in the plane of the wells by circular Bragg reflectors are investigated. Diffraction of the in-plane lasing modes into the vertical direction by the circular distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) allows the simultaneous measurement of near-field emission patterns and emission spectra, allowing unambiguous assignment of azimuthal quantum numbers to the lasing modes. The radial quantum number is determined by fitting the lasing spectrum to theory. Lasing is shown to occur in modes whose wave vector is mainly radial, confined by the circular DBR structure, rather than in whispering gallery type modes which are mainly azimuthal.
Synthesis of Isocoumarins: Rhenium Complex-Catalyzed Cyclization of 2-Ethynylbenzoic Acids (2015)

When 2-ethynylbenzoic acids were treated with a catalytic amount of a rhenium complex, such as ReCl(CO)5, 6-endo cyclization of 2-ethynylbenzoic acids proceeded with a high selectivity to give the corresponding isocoumarins in moderate to good yields.
Studies of Sleep in the Elderly (1978)

Journal Article Studies of Sleep in the Elderly Get access M. Herbert M. Herbert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Age and Ageing, Volume 7, Issue suppl, 1978, Pages 41–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/7.suppl.41 Published: 01 June 1978
Expression of Small Noncoding RNAs in Urinary Exosomes Classifies Prostate Cancer into Indolent and Aggressive Disease (2020)

The Sentinel PCa, CS and HG Tests demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and specificity, highlighting the utility of interrogation of urinary exosomal sncRNAs for noninvasively diagnosing and classifying prostate cancer with high precision.
Ten Years after, Decade to Come (2000)

In this editorial article I review the first decade of published papers in Theory & Psychology, particularly noting several tensions and problems manifested in contemporary theory. One of these is the tension between the universal and the particular, another is captured by the way in which the work of James Gibson and Ludwig Wittgenstein is in a limited sense representative of the kinds of problems articulated in the journal. I discuss the changing social context of the academy and the publishing industry and how these are likely to influence journal publishing, and Theory & Psychology, in the next decade. Finally I introduce the papers that make up this special issue and that bring together a broad set of concerns that will likely define the problems of theory for the future.
Film bulk acoustic-wave resonator based ultraviolet sensor (2009)

This letter described ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensing with ZnO based film bulk acoustic-wave resonator (FBAR). The resonant frequency upshifted when there was UV illumination on the FBAR. For 365 nm UV light, the frequency upshift was 9.8 kHz with an intensity of 600 μW/cm2, and the detection limit of the sensor was 6.5 nW. The frequency increase in the FBAR UV sensor was proposed to be due to the density decrease in ZnO film upon UV illumination. When UV was incident on the ZnO film, it can cause oxygen desorption from the ZnO surface, resulting in density decrease in the film. This study has proven the feasibility of detection of low intensity UV using ZnO film based FBAR.
Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ophthalmic Arteries (2019)

The ophthalmic artery is the first branch of the internal carotid artery. It comes off just distal to the cavernous sinus. The ophthalmic artery gives off many branches, which supply the orbit, meninges, face, and upper nose. When the ophthalmic artery is occluded, it can compromise vision. The ophthalmic artery comes off the internal carotid artery on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process and traverses anteriorly through the optic canal and just lateral to the optic nerve.The following are branches of the ophthalmic artery: The first branch of the ophthalmic artery is the central retinal artery that runs in the dura mater of the optic nerve. It then moves further along and supplies the inner layers of the retina. The second and the largest branch of the ophthalmic artery is the lacrimal artery. It also enters the orbit and traverses along the superior edge of the lateral rectus muscle. It supplies the eyelids, lacrimal gland, and conjunctiva. The ophthalmic artery gives off several posterior ciliary arteries that pass through the sclera and supply the posterior uveal tract. Because the posterior ciliary vessels are end vessels, sudden occlusion can produce infarction in the region of the choroid. The ophthalmic artery also gives off the inferior and superior muscular vessels that supply the extraocular muscles. The supraorbital artery is also a branch of the ophthalmic artery and passes through the supraorbital foramen to supply the skin of the forehead and Levator palpebrae muscle. Other branches of the ophthalmic artery include the ethmoid arteries, medial palpebral vessels, and terminal branches. When there is occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, it can result in an ischemic syndrome. Amaurosis fugax is a condition associated with temporary, painless loss of vision due to either an embolic phenomenon or hypoperfusion. Emboli to the ophthalmic artery usually originate from the carotid artery bifurcation. One may visualize Hollenhorst bodies (a.k.a., Eickenhorst plaques) in the retina during fundoscopic evaluation. When there is a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye, it is recommended that one obtain a duplex ultrasound of the neck to assess the carotid artery for atherosclerotic plaques.
Electron-beam pumping of visible and ultraviolet gas lasers (2020)

Several techniques for using direct electron pumping of gas lasers are reviewed. The primary objective is to categorize pump geometries and to give guidelines for gun selection and pulser design. Examples and applications of pump technology are given.
Liposome facilitated xenogeneic approach for studying human colon cancer immunity: carrier and adjuvant effect of liposomes. (1984)

Liposomes prepared with human LS174T colon tumour cell membranes induce specific primary xenogeneic immune responses in BALB/c splenocytes in vitro. Characterization of the adjuvant role of these liposomes was accomplished by determining the effect on immune induction of several modifications on the liposomal carrier. The results showed that the carrier effect of liposomes was mediated primarily by tumour antigens exposed on the outer surface. Trypsin treatment of the liposomes eliminated 95% of the surface protein and significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the ability of liposomes to induce cytotoxic splenocytes. The generation of cytolytic activity with liposomes was dose-dependent, with a 10 micrograms protein threshold and a maximal response at 100 micrograms. 'Rigid' liposomes were shown to be significantly (P less than 0.05) more efficacious than fluid liposomes in inducing cytotoxicity. In addition, the data indicate that the xenogeneic cell-mediated immunity exhibits identical classes of effector cells as found in murine-murine reactions. Lymphocytes bearing the THY-1, Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 surface markers were necessary for immune induction. The role of Lyt-123 subpopulation was suggested by the inability to achieve normal cytolytic levels by reconstitution with Lyt-1 plus Lyt-2 cells. Adherent cells were, as expected, necessary for the generation of primary immunity. Indeed, the interaction of I-A+ adherent cells with liposomes for at least 8 h was required to generate subsequent maximal T cell cytotoxic activity. The phenotype of the cytotoxic effector cell was Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, and I-Ad-. If this were an allo-or syngeneic, and not a xenogeneic system, this study would be of less interest. However, when coupled with the known molecular homologies between murine and human lymphocyte antigens, these results suggest that the concept of cross species major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction is tenable. Thus the liposome is not only an effective antigen carrier, but also a functional adjuvant for in vitro induced cell-mediated immunity.
Molecular modeling of adenosine receptors: new results and trends (2007)

Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator, which carries out its biological task by stimulating four cell surface receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)). Adenosine receptors (ARs) are members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their discovery opened up new avenues for potential drug treatment of a variety of conditions such as asthma, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and many other physiopathological states that are believed to be associated with changes in adenosine levels. Knowledge of the 3D structure of ARs could be of great help in the task of understanding their function and in the rational design of specific ligands. However, since GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins, high-resolution structural characterization is still an extremely difficult task. For this reason, great importance has been placed on molecular modeling studies and, particularly in the last few years, on homology modeling (HM) techniques. The publication of the first high-resolution crystal structure for bovine rhodopsin (bRh), a GPCR superfamily member, provides the option of utilizing HM to generate 3D models based on detailed structural information. In this review we report, analyze, and compare the main experimental data, computational HM procedures and validation methods used for ARs, describing in detail the most successful results.
A New Type of Fluortensides, based on the Addition of Nucleophiles to Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (1985)

Article A New Type of Fluortensides, based on the Addition of Nucleophiles to Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene was published on January 1, 1985 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 22, issue 1).
RIS Partitioning Based Scalable Beamforming Design for Large-Scale MIMO: Asymptotic Analysis and Optimization (2023)

In next-generation wireless networks, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are foreseeable to support a large number of antennas at the transceiver as well as a large number of reflecting elements at the RIS. To fully unleash the potential of RIS, the phase shifts of RIS elements should be carefully designed, resulting in a high-dimensional non-convex optimization problem that is hard to solve with affordable computational complexity. In this paper, we address this scalability issue by partitioning RIS into sub-surfaces, so as to optimize the phase shifts in sub-surface levels to reduce complexity. Specifically, each sub-surface employs a linear phase variation structure to anomalously reflect the incident signal to a desired direction, and the sizes of sub-surfaces can be adaptively adjusted according to channel conditions. We formulate the achievable rate maximization problem by jointly optimizing the transmit covariance matrix and the RIS phase shifts. Under the RIS partitioning framework, the RIS phase shifts optimization reduces to the manipulation of the sub-surface sizes, the phase gradients of sub-surfaces, as well as the common phase shifts of sub-surfaces. Then, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of the system with an infinitely large number of transceiver antennas and RIS elements. The asymptotic analysis provides useful insights on the understanding of the fundamental performance-complexity tradeoff in RIS partitioning design. We show that in the asymptotic domain, the achievable rate maximization problem has a rather simple form with an explicit physical meaning of optimization variables. We develop an efficient algorithm to find an approximately optimal solution to the asymptotic problem via a one-dimensional (1D) grid search. Moreover, we discuss the insights and impacts of the asymptotic result on finite-size system design. By applying the asymptotic result to a finite-size system with necessary modifications, we show by numerical results that the proposed design achieves a favorable tradeoff between system performance and computational complexity.
Mirror Image Forms of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein Prepared by Total Chemical Synthesis Have Identical Antifreeze Activities (2008)

The recently discovered glycine-rich snow flea antifreeze protein (sfAFP) has no sequence homology with any known proteins. No experimental structure has been reported for this interesting protein molecule. Here we report the total chemical synthesis of the mirror image forms of sfAFP (i.e., L-sfAFP, the native protein, and D-sfAFP, the native protein's enantiomer). The predicted 81 amino acid residue polypeptide chain of sfAFP contains Cys residues at positions 1, 13, 28, and 43 and was prepared from four synthetic peptide segments by sequential native chemical ligation. After purification, the full-length synthetic polypeptide was folded at 4 degrees C to form the sfAFP protein containing two disulfides. Chemically synthesized sfAFP had the expected antifreeze activity in an ice recrystallization inhibition assay. Mirror image D-sfAFP protein was prepared by the same synthetic strategy, using peptide segments made from d-amino acids, and had an identical but opposite-sign CD spectrum. As expected, D-sfAFP displays the same antifreeze properties as L-sfAFP, because ice presents an achiral surface for sfAFP binding. Facile synthetic access to sfAFP will enable determination of its molecular structure and systematic elucidation of the molecular basis of the antifreeze properties of this unique protein.