gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constructing Augmented Multimode Compactors (2008)

In this paper, a new space compactor, called an augmented multimode compactor, is presented. Accordingly, scan chains are separated into groups using t orthogonal partitions. The augmented multimode compactor has three modes such that all scan chains, a group of scan chains and an intersection of two groups of scan chains is selected for compression. Respectively, 1, kt-1 and any number of unknown states per shift-out cycle can be tolerated in these modes where k is the number of the compactor outputs assigned for observation of each scan chain. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed principles for constructing fully X-tolerant compactors. In the range of 0 to 10 percent of unknown states in test responses, the proposed scheme achieved the same or up to 3 times better observability than the fully X-tolerant combinational compactor.
Serotonin Supersensitivity: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia?: A Preliminary Report of Buspirone/Prolactin Responses: Preliminary Report (1990)

Buspirone stimulates central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) receptors and brings about the release of prolactin, and there is evidence to suggest that the extent of prolactin release after a challenge with buspirone is an indicator of the sensitivity of central 5HT receptors. Seventeen patients with a diagnosis of non-ulcer dyspepsia, eight normal healthy volunteers, and six patients with peptic ulcer disease were each given a challenge test of 60 mg buspirone orally, and prolactin release over a 3-h period was monitored. The mean prolactin response was significantly greater in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia than in healthy controls and peptic ulcer disease patients. The results suggest that central 5HT receptors may be supersensitive in non-ulcer dyspepsia.
New Approach for Spectral Characterization of Crude Oil Using Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra (2001)

Spectral characterization of four crude oils was attempted by using a different approach for time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (TRF) techniques. The TRF spectra were excited by pulsed UV laser radiation at 250 nm and were measured at specific time windows of equal gate widths along the trailing edge of the pulsed laser. Contour diagrams of equal fluorescence intensities were then constructed to serve as unique fingerprints for the crude oils. The method does not require that the laser pulse be deconvoluted from the fluorescence signal, which makes it attractive for remote characterization of crude oil.
High resolution multispectral video capture with a hybrid camera system (2011)

We present a new approach to capture video at high spatial and spectral resolutions using a hybrid camera system. Composed of an RGB video camera, a grayscale video camera and several optical elements, the hybrid camera system simultaneously records two video streams: an RGB video with high spatial resolution, and a multispectral video with low spatial resolution. After registration of the two video streams, our system propagates the multispectral information into the RGB video to produce a video with both high spectral and spatial resolution. This propagation between videos is guided by color similarity of pixels in the spectral domain, proximity in the spatial domain, and the consistent color of each scene point in the temporal domain. The propagation algorithm is designed for rapid computation to allow real-time video generation at the original frame rate, and can thus facilitate real-time video analysis tasks such as tracking and surveillance. Hardware implementation details and design tradeoffs are discussed. We evaluate the proposed system using both simulations with ground truth data and on real-world scenes. The utility of this high resolution multispectral video data is demonstrated in dynamic white balance adjustment and tracking.
Nonresonant Broadband Funneling of Light via Ultrasubwavelength Channels (2012)

Abstract not provided.
<i>ETR2</i> is an <i>ETR1</i> -like gene involved in ethylene signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1998)

The plant hormone ethylene regulates a variety of processes of growth and development. To identify components in the ethylene signal transduction pathway, we screened for ethylene-insensitive mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana and isolated a dominant etr2-1 mutant. The etr2-1 mutation confers ethylene insensitivity in several processes, including etiolated seedling elongation, leaf expansion, and leaf senescence. Double mutant analysis indicates that ETR2 acts upstream of CTR1, which codes for a Raf-related protein kinase. We cloned the ETR2 gene on the basis of its map position, and we found that it exhibits sequence homology to the ethylene receptor gene ETR1 and the ETR1-like ERS gene. ETR2 may thus encode a third ethylene receptor in Arabidopsis, transducing the hormonal signal through its "two-component" structure. Expression studies show that ETR2 is ubiquitously expressed and has a higher expression in some tissues, including inflorescence and floral meristems, petals, and ovules.
Reconstructing brain magnetic susceptibility distributions from T2* phase images by TV-regularized 2-subproblem split Bregman iterations (2014)

Abstract: The underlying source of brain imaging by T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*MRI) is mainly due to the intracranial inhomogeneous magnetic susceptibility distribution (denoted by χ). We can reconstruct the source χ by two computational steps: first, calculate a fieldmap from a T2* phase image and then second, calculate a χ map from the fieldmap. The internal χ distribution reconstruction from observed T2* phase images is termed χ tomography, which connotes the digital source reproduction with spatial conformance by solving inverse problems in the context of medical imaging. In the small phase angle regime, the T2* phase image remains unwrapped (−π<phase angle<π) and it is linearly related to the fieldmap by a scaling factor. However, the second inverse step (calculating a χ map from a fieldmap) is a severely ill-posed 3D deconvolution problem due to an unusual bipolar-valued kernel (dipole field kernel). We have reported on a 3-subproblem split Bregman iteration algorithm for total variation-regularized 3D χ reconstruction; in this paper, we report on a 2-subproblem split Bregman iteration algorithm with easy implementation. We validate the 3D χ tomography algorithms by numerical simulations and phantom experiments. We also demonstrate the feasibility of 3D χ tomography for obtaining in vivo brain χ states at 2 mm spatial resolution. Keywords: T2*-weighted MRI (T2*MRI), magnetic susceptibility tomography (χ tomography), dipole effect, 3D deconvolution, filter truncation, total variation (TV), split Bregman iteration, computed inverse magnetic resonance imaging (CIMRI)
Xylose-Lysine-Tergitol 4: An Improved Selective Agar Medium for the Isolation of Salmonella (1991)

A study was conducted to evaluate a new selective plating medium for isolating Salmonella using pure bacterial cultures, and poultry environmental specimens containing high numbers of competing enteric bacteria. Xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 (XLT4) agar was found to strongly inhibit Proteus, Pseudomonas, Providencia, and many other nonsalmonellae and to provide good differentiation between Salmonella and Citrobacter. The XLT4 medium significantly improved Salmonella isolation from chicken farm environmental drag-swab samples over the other selective plating media evaluated.
Spatio-temporal consistency in video disparity estimation (2011)

We present a novel stereo video disparity estimation method. The proposed method is a two-stage algorithm. During the first stage, initial disparity maps are computed in a frame by-frame basis. In the second stage, the initial estimates are treated as a space-time volume. By setting up an l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -normed minimization problem with a novel three-dimensional total variation regularization, spatial smoothness and temporal consistency are handled simultaneously. Due to our unique formulation, any existing image disparity estimation technique may utilize our method as a post-processing step to refine noisy estimates or to be extended to videos. The proposed method shows superior speed, accuracy, and consistency compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Expression of the <i>Helicobacter pylori ureI</i> Gene Is Required for Acidic pH Activation of Cytoplasmic Urease (2000)

ureI encodes an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein. It is present in the urease gene cluster of Helicobacter pylori and is essential for infection and acid survival, but its role is unknown. To determine the function of UreI protein, we produced H. pylori ureI deletion mutants and measured the pH dependence of urease activity of intact and lysed bacteria and the effect of urea on the membrane potential. We also determined ureI expression, urease activity, and the effect of urea on membrane potential of several gastric and nongastric Helicobacter species. ureI was found to be present in the genome of the gastric Helicobacter species and absent in the nongastric Helicobacter species studied, as determined by PCR. Likewise, Western blot analysis confirmed that UreI was expressed only in the gastric Helicobacter species. When UreI is present, acidic medium pH activation of cytoplasmic urease is found, and urea addition increases membrane potential at acidic pH. The addition of a low concentration of detergent raised urease activity of intact bacteria at neutral pH to that of their homogenates, showing that urease activity was membrane limited. No acidic pH activation or urea induced membrane potential changes were found in the nongastric Helicobacter species. The ureI gene product is probably a pH activated urea transporter or perhaps regulates such a transporter as a function of periplasmic pH.
Comparison of percent density from raw and processed full-field digital mammography data (2013)

Percent density measured with an operator-assisted method from raw and processed FFDM images is reproducible and correlated. Both percent density measures provide similar associations with breast cancer.
Decomposition of Toxic Environmental Contaminants by Recyclable Catalytic, Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles (2007)

Catalytic hydrolysis of toxic organic environmental contaminants such as organophosphates by inorganic nanocrystals or polymeric latexes is emerging as a promising alternative to other remediation approaches. We have recently developed a novel catalytic medium, an inorganic nanoparticle surface-modified by a reactive polymer that can be considered a hybrid between nanocrystals and latexes. In the present work, a model warfare agent, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, is hydrolyzed catalytically in aqueous media by suspensions of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles modified with poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-acrolein oxime-co-acrylic acid) that acts in an enzyme-like fashion. The oxime- and imidazole-modified magnetite particle serves as a nanosized particulate carrier with nucleophilic groups immobilized on its surface. The oxime-modified magnetite nanoparticles are colloidally stable within a wide pH range and are readily recovered for reuse from the aqueous milieu by high-gradient magnetic separation methods with no loss of catalytic activity. Because of the positive charge at neutral pH, the novel particles adsorb organophosphoric acids, the products of the nerve agent decomposition, thus affording a one-step water remediation.
The effect of alkali-soluble lignin on purified core cellulase and hemicellulase activities during hydrolysis of extractive ammonia-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass (2018)

Removing alkali-soluble lignin using extractive ammonia (EA) pretreatment of corn stover (CS) is known to improve biomass conversion efficiency during enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, we investigated the effect of alkali-soluble lignin on six purified core glycosyl hydrolases and their enzyme synergies, adopting 31 enzyme combinations derived by a five-component simplex centroid model, during EA-CS hydrolysis. Hydrolysis experiment was carried out using EA-CS(-) (approx. 40% lignin removed during EA pretreatment) and EA-CS(+) (where no lignin was extracted). Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments were done at three different enzyme mass loadings (7.5, 15 and 30 mg protein g<sup>-1</sup> glucan), using a previously developed high-throughput microplate-based protocol, and the sugar yields of glucose and xylose were detected. The optimal enzyme combinations (based on % protein mass loading) of six core glycosyl hydrolases for EA-CS(-) and EA-CS(+) were determined that gave high sugar conversion. The inhibition of lignin on optimal enzyme ratios was studied, by adding fixed amount of alkali-soluble lignin fractions to EA-CS(-), and pure Avicel, beechwood xylan and evaluating their sugar conversion. The optimal enzyme ratios that gave higher sugar conversion for EA-CS(-) were CBH I: 27.2-28.2%, CBH II: 18.2-22.2%, EG I: 29.2-34.3%, EX: 9.0-14.1%, βX: 7.2-10.2%, βG: 1.0-5.0% (at 7.5-30 mg g<sup>-1</sup> protein mass loading). Endoglucanase was inhibited to a greater extent than other core cellulases and xylanases by lignin during enzyme hydrolysis. We also found that alkali-soluble lignin inhibits cellulase more strongly than hemicellulase during the course of enzyme hydrolysis.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Reduce Alcohol Consumption: Some Possible Mechanisms and Important Conditions for Its Therapeutic Use (1990)

Alcoholism is a prevalent problem of contemporary society, yet there are virtually no clinically effective drugs for the management of this disorder. A previous study demonstrating the ability of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to attenuate voluntary alcohol intake in rats prompted the suggestion that these drugs, currently marketed for the treatment of hypertension, may also be useful in dealing with human alcohol abuse. The present experiments explored in more detail the effect and possible mechanisms of action of this class of drug on alcohol consumption in rats. Experiment one demonstrated that Abutapril, a new ACE inhibitor, significantly reduced alcohol intake and that this effect could not be blocked by either an ANG II or an opiate receptor antagonist suggesting that neither the peripheral renin-angiotensin system (RAS) nor the endogenous enkephalins are involved in the ability of ACE inhibition to attenuate alcohol intake. Experiments two and three showed that ACE inhibition effectively reduced alcohol drinking faster in animals with elevated RAS activity and not at all in animals with suppressed RAS activity indicating that initial levels of RAS activity may determine the speed and ability of ACE inhibition to attenuate alcohol intake. ACE inhibitors may reduce alcohol intake by elevating a nonapeptide fragment or by elevating central ANG II levels. The assessment of this class of drugs to reduce alcohol intake in humans should include a monitoring of the initial level of activity in the renin-angiotensin system since this may be a predictor of the effectiveness of treatment with the ACE inhibitors.
Phase-resolved Doppler imaging with dual-detection full-range frequency domain optical coherence tomography (2011)

We have reported a technique of full-range imaging so-called a Dual-Detection Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (DD-FD-OCT), in which two spectra, representing real and imaginary components of a complex spectral interference, are simultaneously acquired by two detection channels. In this paper, we will discuss in detail a mirror rejection performance of DD-FD-OCT. Furthermore, we present an implementation of DD-FD-OCT for phase-resolved Doppler imaging. The DD-FD-OCT signal is achieved without manipulation of the phase relation between consecutive axial lines and hence its phase information is almost identical to that acquired by the conventional FD-OCT. As a result, the full-range DD-FD-OCT is fully applicable to phase-resolved Doppler imaging without either degradation in the fullrange performance or reduction in the velocity dynamic range in flow measurement. An in vivo flow imaging within biological samples using the DD-FD-OCT is demonstrated.
Targeting Pim1 kinase in the treatment of peanut allergy (2013)

Activation of Pim1 kinase and downregulation of Runx3 were essential to the development of peanut-induced intestinal anaphylaxis. Targeting of this Pim1 kinase-Runx3 axis may provide new therapeutic options in the prevention of life-threatening reactions to peanut.
Evaluation of Steel Bridges (Volume II): Structural Health Monitoring System for Secondary Road Bridges (2007)

This report is divided into two volumes. Volume I summarizes a structural health monitoring (SHM) system that was developed for the Iowa DOT to remotely and continuously monitor fatigue critical bridges (FCB) to aid in the detection of crack formation. The developed FCB SHM system enables bridge owners to remotely monitor FCB for gradual or sudden damage formation. The SHM system utilizes fiber bragg grating (FBG) fiber optic sensors (FOSs) to measure strains at critical locations. The strain-based SHM system is trained with measured performance data to identify typical bridge response when subjected to ambient traffic loads, and that knowledge is used to evaluate newly collected data. At specified intervals, the SHM system autonomously generates evaluation reports that summarize the current behavior of the bridge. The evaluation reports are collected and distributed to the bridge owner for interpretation and decision making. This volume (Volume II) summarizes the development and demonstration of an autonomous, continuous SHM system that can be used to monitor typical girder bridges. The developed SHM system can be grouped into two main categories: an office component and a field component. The office component is a structural analysis software program that can be used to generate thresholds which are used for identifying isolated events. The field component includes hardware and field monitoring software which performs data processing and evaluation. The hardware system consists of sensors, data acquisition equipment, and a communication system backbone. The field monitoring software has been developed such that, once started, it will operate autonomously with minimal user interaction. In general, the SHM system features two key uses. First, the system can be integrated into an active bridge management system that tracks usage and structural changes. Second, the system helps owners to identify damage and deterioration.
Fast hot-carrier aging method of charging damage measurement (2003)

To monitor plasma-charging damage, it is well known that one must not overlook the latent defects that are created by the damage but are not readily observable by most commonly used measurement methods. These latent defects are either passivated defects due to temperature cycling after the defects are created, or simply due to charge detrapping that render the defects invisible to many measurements. The common way to reveal these latent defects is to look for accelerated degradation of device parameters under electrical stress. A common stressing method is uniform Fowler-Nordheim tunneling through the gate-oxide. A less often used method is channel hot-carrier stress (Hook et al., Proc. P2ID96, p. 164, 1996). In this paper, we have demonstrated the suitability of using very short hot-carrier stress time to monitor plasma charging damage without the use of a very high acceleration voltage. When the stress is long enough to extract the lifetime from a large number of devices, the method allows us to find the intrinsic (damage free) lifetime of a particular transistor design. This ability to determine how much the devices are degraded quantitatively without the help of a reference device is unique among plasma-charging damage measurement methods.
Enhancement of Artemisinin Content through Four Cycles of Recurrent Selection with Relation to Heritability, Correlation and Molecular Marker in<i>Artemisia annua</i>L. (2010)

Due to the high demand and low yield of the anti-malarial drug artemisinin in natural populations of Artemisia annua (Quinghao), an attempt has been made to enhance the artemisinin content through 4 cycles of recurrent selection (C(0)-C(3)) using selected genotypic and phenotypic traits. Based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the top 5% plants of each cycle were selected, and their seedlings were planted in poly-cross block to produce seeds for the subsequent generation. A significant increase in the artemisinin content (0.15% in C (0) to 1.16% in C (3), i.e., about 40% genetic gain over the generation) was observed. This enhancement was directly correlated with the plant height and branching intensity in all four cycles. Similarly, the PCV (phenotypic coefficient of variation) and GCV (genotypic coefficient of variation) have been observed to have a higher value for artemisinin content. The DNA marker (MAP 12) with relation to artemisinin was also identified for high yielding genotypes in all four cycles of selection. Over the four cycles of recurrent selection, the plant developed an oval appearance (Variety: CIM-Arogya) and a high artemisinin content (1.16%).
Field Applications of Beauveria bassiana for Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1994)

A Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin isolate (Bb447), recovered from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in Brazil was applied to fire ant mounds in Florida pastures. Rice with Bb447 applied to the tops of mounds resulted in a maximum infection of 55% of the live ants sampled; 70% of the treated mounds remained active or formed active new mounds within 8 wk. Injections of conidial powder formulations of Bb447 in late fall and early summer resulted in peak infections of 60 and 52% of live ants sampled, respectively. All of the injected mounds remained active or formed active new mounds within 8 wk after treatment. Injection of Bb447 mixed with a hydrophobic silica carrier resulted in a 52% reduction in active mounds. Injection of the silica carrier alone resulted in a 41% reduction. Foraging by the red imported fire ant was reduced significantly in areas within which mounds were injected with fungal formulations, whereas foraging by other ant species increased in these areas.
A scalable machine-learning approach for semi-structured named entity recognition (2010)

Named entity recognition studies the problem of locating and classifying parts of free text into a set of predefined categories. Although extensive research has focused on the detection of person, location and organization entities, there are many other entities of interest, including phone numbers, dates, times and currencies (to name a few examples). We refer to these types of entities as "semi-structured named entities", since they usually follow certain syntactic formats according to some conventions, although their structure is typically not well-defined. Regular expression solutions require significant amount of manual effort and supervised machine learning approaches rely on large sets of labeled training data. Therefore, these approaches do not scale when we need to support many semi-structured entity types in many languages and regions.