gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora against different human and animal leukemic and solid tumor cell lines (2012)

The dose- and time-dependent antitumor and cytotoxic effects of L-asparaginases from Erwinia carotovora (ECAR LANS) and Escherichia coli (MEDAC) have been investigated using human leukemic cells and human and animal solid tumor cells. These included human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (Jurkat, Jurkat/A4, Molt-4), human chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, and also human solid tumor cells (prostate carcinoma LnCap, breast adenocarcinoma MCF7, ovarian adenocarcinoma SCOV-3 and carcinoma CaOV, hepatocarcinoma Hep G2, fibrosarcoma HT-1080) and animal solid tumor cells (rat Gasser’s ganglion neurinoma cells GGNC-1, mouse glioblastoma EPNT-5). We investigated sensitivity of tumor cells (seeded at different density) to L-asparaginases, as well the effect of L-asparaginases on cell growth rate, protein and DNA synthesis in the presence of various cytostatics. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytofluorimetry and detection of apoptotic cells before and after treatment with L-asparaginases indicate that ECAR LANS L-asparaginase suppressed growth of all tested solid tumor cells. Evaluation of leukemic cell number after treatment with L-asparaginases for 24, 48 and 72 h demonstrated that asparagine deficiency did not kill cells but stopped normal cell division. The cytofluorometric study of solid and leukemic cells revealed that except HL-60 cells the treatment with L-asparaginase for 72 h did not change cell cycle phase distribution and did not increase the number of apoptotic cells. Combined treatment of cells using a combination of L-asparaginase and doxorubicin significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells up to 60% (MCF-7 cells), 40% (Jurkat cells) and even 99% (HL-60). High levels of DNA and protein synthesis rates in asparaginase-treated tumor cells suggest lack of massive entry of tumor cells to apoptosis. This conclusion is based on the fact of sensitivity of multi-resistant Jurkat/A4 cells to L-asparaginases (it is nearly impossible to induce apoptosis in these cells). Since ECAR LANS did not influence growth of normal human fibroblasts it appears that the enzyme cytotoxicity is associated only asparagine deficiency.
New measurement-based technique for RF LDMOS nonlinear modeling (1998)

In this letter a new look-up table model is developed for the nonlinear modeling of radio frequency (RF) LDMOS transistors. The modeling technique is based on the use of approximation splines that are coupled to a pulsed I-V characterization setup. It provides a very fast modeling procedure, while avoiding the appearance of undesired ripples in the modeled functions. The technique has been applied to a RF LDMOS technology for L-band applications, obtaining excellent results in the prediction of both the small- and large-signal transistor responses. This technique is specially suitable for fast-evolution technologies.
Experimental learning in an optical perceptronlike neural network (1989)

An optical perceptronlike neural network employing a delta learning rule and consisting of input units and a single output unit is constructed. Photorefractive crystals are used as holographic media for the interconnections between the input and the output layers. The learning rate for interconnection weight changes is optimally determined by setting the exposure time of the hologram. A learning experiment verifies the learning schedule's prediction that a fast, stable convergence of the learning process without oscillatory action can be obtained.
Segmentation of suspicious clustered microcalcifications in mammograms (2000)

We have developed a multistage computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for the automated segmentation of suspicious microcalcification clusters in digital mammograms. The scheme consisted of three main processing steps. First, the breast region was segmented and its high-frequency content was enhanced using unsharp masking. In the second step, individual microcalcifications were segmented using local histogram analysis on overlapping subimages. For this step, eight histogram features were extracted for each subimage and were used as input to a fuzzy rule-based classifier that identified subimages containing microcalcifications and assigned the appropriate thresholds to segment any microcalcifications within them. The final step clustered the segmented microcalcifications and extracted the following features for each cluster: the number of microcalcifications, the average distance between microcalcifications, and the average number of times pixels in the cluster were segmented in the second step. Fuzzy logic rules incorporating the cluster features were designed to remove nonsuspicious clusters, defined as those with typically benign characteristics. A database of 98 images, with 48 images containing one or more microcalcification clusters, provided training and testing sets to optimize the parameters and evaluate the CAD scheme, respectively. The results showed a true positive rate of 93.2% and an average of 0.73 false positive clusters per image. A comparison of our results with other reported segmentation results on the same database showed comparable sensitivity and at the same time an improved false positive rate. The performance of the CAD scheme is encouraging for its use as an automatic tool for efficient and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer.
Mechanism of Water Vapor Transport through PET/AlO<i><sub>x</sub></i>N<i><sub>y</sub></i> Gas Barrier Films (2003)

Thin, transparent aluminum oxide coatings on polymers are used widely to improve the gas barrier properties of commodity polymers in the food packaging, pharmaceutical, and organic display technologies. Recently we introduced reactively sputtered aluminum oxynitride coatings on poly (ethylene terephthalate) as a novel alternative to oxide coatings and have shown that they possess, in particular, superior water vapor permeation resistance. In this paper we give a detailed account of how altering the oxynitride morphology and chemistry by varying the magnetron sputtering conditions can directly alter the water vapor barrier performance but has little effect on oxygen permeation. Analysis of these films has also been extended to comparisons with titanium oxynitride and aluminum oxide layers on polymer substrates. In addition to gas permeation measurements and activation energy calculations, a variety of techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy have been used to correlate the barrier performance to the morphology and chemistry of the films in a more complete model for water vapor permeation.
Impaired vasoactive function of affected artery after focal cerebral ischemia in rat (2010)

Objective To investigate the effect of cerebral ischemia on functional parameters of affected arteries and probe into the possible pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Intraluminal suture ischemic model was used by occlusion of left middle cerebral artery in rats.Two hours later,the middle cerebral artery segments were isolated from both ischemia and control groups for measurement of changes in vessel diameter induced by increasing pressure and vasoactive compounds.And then,distensibility,myogenic tone,reactivity to 5-HT and ACh were calculated and compared between groups.Results In lower pressure range,ischemic vessels showed an increased myogenic tone(at 40 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,19.3%±0.4% vs 10.0%±0.2%,t=20.568,P=0.000)and decreased diameter.In higher pressure range,ischemic vessels showed an increased diameter.distensibility and decreased myogenic tone(at 120 mm Hg,12.0%±0.2% vs 21.8%±0.4%,t=-23.575,P=0.000).In normal pressure range,myogenic tone was not altered after ischemia. Both groups constricted to 5-HT and dilated to ACh,however,the response was significantly diminished after ischemla.Conclusion These findings demonstrate that contractile and diastolic function of affected artery was impaired after ischemia,a result that may contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury by losing upstream cerebrovascular resistance and increasing perfusion on the microcirculation.

Key words: 
Brain ischemia;  Middle cerebral artery;  Reperfusion injury;  Serotonin; Acetylcholine
Basiliximab induction in kidney transplantation with donation after cardiac death donors (2016)

Basiliximab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the α-chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor. It is used as induction therapy in kidney transplantation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate induction therapy with single-dose basiliximab (Simulect<sup>®</sup>) in kidney transplantation with donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors. A total of 33 DCD kidney transplants were performed between December 2010 and July 2013 in patients who received single-dose basiliximab (20 mg) as induction therapy. The maintenance immunosuppression included calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporine A or tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. The follow-up time was 1 year. The mean ages of the DCD donors and recipients were 29.3 and 41.1 years, respectively. Within the 1-year follow-up, the overall incidence of acute rejection was 9.1%. There were 10 cases of delayed graft function among the recipients. Mean serum creatinine values at 1 week and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-transplantation were 257.6, 238.2, 194.5, 159.3, 137.9 and 110.8 µmol/l, respectively, with a favorable trend to allograft function recovery over time. The 1-year patient and graft survival rates were 96.9 and 90.9%, respectively, with an infection rate of 24.2%. Increased alanine aminotransferase/aspartate transaminase levels in only 2 patients were considered to be associated with basiliximab. This experience with single-dose basiliximab for induction therapy in DCD kidney transplantation showed that favorable clinical outcomes were achieved in terms of graft survival and function within 1 year.
Modelling of Daylight Sources in the Artificial Sky (2016)

Daylight in nature is characterized by daily permanent changes of sunlight and skylight. Real measurements of daylight availability are showing that different daylight exterior illuminance for building interiors can be expected each minute. This brings some complications in the window design and the choice of criteria for daylight evaluations. There are several ways how to find basic conditions and typical relations combining sunlight beam with diffuse skylight from the whole sky vault. The older assumption considered that interiors have to be sufficiently illuminated under the worst overcast conditions. The newer approach is based on the utilization of daylight in specific localities and the determination of changes in sunlight and skylight occurrence probability. Therefore, both daylight sources are researched in detail specifying sky luminance distributions and sun influences to find conditions for their simulation in laboratory facilities. The most sophisticated equipment to study daylighting in exterior and interior architectural spaces are artificial skies with the artificial sun. These have to be precisely calibrated with a verified zenith luminance and horizontal illuminance levels by theoretical calculations and checked by experimental measurements. Reference daylight conditions defined in the ISO/CIE 15469:2004 standard have to be respected with trials to determine natural sun and sky as sources of daylight in the real environment and modelling these in the artificial sky in a certain intensity scale. This paper presents the method and results of modelling daylight applying electrical light sources in artificial sky which is installed in the Institute of Construction and Architecture, Slovak Academy of Sciences (ICA SAS) and discusses possibilities of their simulation in laboratory conditions.
Multi-rate modulation scheme with controlled peak-to-average power ratio using balanced incomplete block designs (2002)

A multi-rate modulation scheme suitable for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications systems is introduced. Balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) are used to control the peak-to-average power (PAV) ratio and produce a signal whose amplitude is within the linear region of a power amplifier a larger proportion of the time than is the amplitude of a signal without a controlled PAV ratio. The PAV ratio and its effects on the power amplifier behavior are examined. The performances of the proposed scheme in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and in a multi-user environment are investigated.
Role of angiogenic and non‐angiogenic mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with histologic differentiation and tumor progression (2004)

Our results suggest at the initiation of oral SCC, increasing vascularity is observed at the periphery of the tumor. As the tumor continues to grow, further increases of intratumoral vascularity and the presence of tumor-lined vessels are associated with cancer progression.
Baicalin Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia HL-60/ADR Cells via Possible Down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway (2012)

We conclude that baicalin may induce HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
New Murine Model for the Study of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Genitourinary Tract Infections in Males (2004)

The lack of an experimental model has significantly limited the understanding of the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in males. In an attempt to establish a model using the natural route of infection, we inoculated male mice in the meatus urethra. To establish the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)), C3H/HeN (H-2(k)) male mice were inoculated in the meatus urethra with doses ranging from 10(1) to 10(7) inclusion-forming units (IFU) of C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar (MoPn) and were euthanized at 10 days postinfection (p.i.). Approximately 50% of the animals inoculated with 5 x 10(4) IFU had positive cultures of the urethra, urinary bladder, epididymides, and/or testes. Subsequently, to characterize the course of the infection, a group of animals was inoculated with 10(6) IFU/mouse (20 times the ID(50)). Positive cultures from the urethra, urinary bladder, epididymides, and testes were obtained from the animals. The infection peaked in the first 2 weeks p.i. and subsequently declined over the 7 weeks of observation. C. trachomatis-specific antibodies were first detected in serum by 2 weeks p.i. and rose over the period of observation. The titers of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) were 16-fold higher than those of IgG1. A lymphoproliferative assay using splenocytes and local lymph nodes showed a strong cell-mediated immune response. Levels of gamma interferon were significantly higher than those of interleukin-4 in the supernatants from stimulated lymphocytes. An acute inflammatory infiltrate consisting of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was detected in the urethra at 1 week p.i. At 3 weeks p.i., a mixed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the urethra that by 5 to 6 weeks was mainly composed of mononuclear cells. Similar findings were also observed in the urinary bladder, although the inflammatory infiltrate was delayed by approximately a week relative to that in the urethra. Sections of the epididymides showed a focal acute inflammatory infiltrate at 2 weeks p.i. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated multiple chlamydial inclusions in the epithelium of the urethra and urinary bladder. No chlamydial inclusions were observed in the epididymides or testes. In conclusion, inoculation of male mice in the meatus urethra with C. trachomatis MoPn results in an infection of the genitourinary tract that closely parallels that described in humans. This model should help to characterize the pathogenesis of chlamydial infections in males and to test therapeutic and preventive measures.
Conjugated Microporous Polymers Incorporating BODIPY Moieties as Light-Emitting Materials and Recyclable Visible-Light Photocatalysts (2016)

Here we report the design and synthesis of a new conjugated microporous polymer based on a BODIPY dye (CMPBDP) which has shown excellent luminescence properties and an efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic activity. CMPBDP shows high thermal stability and high surface area with microporous size and efficiently catalyzes the selective oxidation of thioanisole into the corresponding sulfoxide via singlet oxygen under visible light (up to 500 nm). The photocatalytic rate of the heterogeneous materials is 4-fold faster that the corresponding soluble (used as reference) under the same reaction conditions and can be reused several times.
SEMANTICS IN DIGITAL PHOTOS: A <i>CONTENXTUAL</i> ANALYSIS (2008)

Interpreting the semantics of a photo is a hard problem. However, for storing and indexing large multimedia collections, it is essential to build systems that can automatically extract semantics from digital photos. In this research we show how we can fuse content and context to extract semantics from digital photographs. Our experiments show that if we can properly model context associated with media, we can interpret semantics using only a part of high dimensional content data.
High Throughput Processing of Long-Length IBAD MgO and Epi-Buffer Templates at SuperPower (2007)

SuperPower has successfully transferred from low throughput IBAD (Ion beam assisted deposition) YSZ technology to high throughput IBAD MgO technology. Pilot-scale IBAD system and pilot-scale epi-buffer deposition system, each with capabilities of producing single-piece lengths over 1000 m have been established. Helix tape handling approach instead of wide tape approach is chosen due to its immense advantages over wide tape approach. High-performance IBAD MgO buffer stack and their processes have been developed together with high throughput where each layer in the buffer stack is processed at 40 m/h tape speed or higher during our Phase I scale up. Both pilot systems are in routine production mode since March 2006. More than 14 km IBAD MgO buffer tapes of 12 mm width were produced for Albany cable project. 700-800 m IBAD MgO tape per run is routinely produced in pilot IBAD system with single piece tape length ~570 m. 400-550 m epi-buffer tape per run is routinely produced in pilot buffer system. High throughput IBAD MgO buffer gives better texture of YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> (YBCO) film compared with IBAD YSZ, and superior superconducting properties. A high critical current of 557 A/cm in short tapes and a world record critical current times length value of > 70, 000 A - m were obtained with the high throughput IBAD MgO buffers.
Mouse Models for Atherosclerosis Research—Which Is My Line? (2019)

Atherosclerosis is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This chronic immunometabolic disease evolves during decades in humans and encompasses different organs and immune cell types, as well as local and systemic processes that promote the progression of the disease. The most frequently used animal model to study these atherogenic processes and inter-organ crosstalk in a short time frame are genetically modified mouse models. Some models have been used throughout the last decades, and some others been developed recently. These models have important differences in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport pathway, obesity and diabetes as well as inflammatory processes. Therefore, the disease develops and progresses differently in the various mouse models. Since atherosclerosis is a multifaceted disease and many processes contribute to its progression, the choice of the right mouse model is important to study specific aspects of the disease. We will describe the different mouse models and provide a roadmap to facilitate current and future atherosclerosis researchers to choose the right model depending on their scientific question.
Examining the Reliability of Survey Data with Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to Improve Deforestation Modeling (2005)

Tropical deforestation has environmental consequences at local, regional and global scales. The Brazilian Amazon’s deforestation resulted largely from conversion to farmland by landholders. These conversions caused deforestation that researchers have examined locally by interviews with landowners and regionally by satellite remote sensing. This paper merges data from these methods to validate survey-based deforestation levels with remote-sensing information. We determine household characteristics associated with misreporting of land use. After identifying errors, we modify the data to better estimate influences on local deforestation. Although individuals are not found to intentionally misrepresent land use, incorporating differences between the two data sources improves the estimations of deforestation.
Material–Robot System for Assembly of Discrete Cellular Structures (2019)

We present a material–robot system consisting of mobile robots that can assemble discrete cellular structures. We detail the manufacturing of cuboctahedral unit cells, termed voxels, which passively connect to neighboring voxels with magnets. We then describe “relative” robots that can locomote on, transport, and place voxels. These robots are designed relative to and in coordination with the cellular structure—the geometry of the voxel informs the robot's global geometric configuration, local mechanisms, and end effectors, and robotic assembly features are designed into the voxels. We describe control strategies for determining build sequence, robot path planning, discrete motion control, and feedback, integrated within a custom software environment for simulating and executing a single or multi-robot construction. We use this material–robot system to build several types of structures, such as one-dimensional (1-D) beams, 2-D plates, and 3-D enclosures. The robots can navigate and assemble structures with minimal feedback, relying on voxel-sized resolution to achieve successful global positioning. We show a multi-robot assembly to increase the throughput and expand system capability using a deterministic centralized control strategy.
Theory and design of adaptive filters (1987)

THE NEED FOR ADAPTIVE FILTERING: Removal of Power Line Hum From Medical Instruments Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Equalization of Troposcatter Communication Signals Generality and Commonality BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ADAPTIVE FILTERING: The FIR Linear Combiner Number Guessing Games Single-Integer Guessing Games Multiple- Integer Guessing Games Multiple Real Numbers Guessing Games Adaptive Filter Algorithm Interpretation AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPNG ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS: Background and Direction The Least Squares Problem Basic Formulation Reduction to the Normal Equations Direct Solution to the Optimal Vector The Meaning of P and P Examples Matching a Pure Delay Matching a Rotated Phasor Two Solution Technique Direct Inversion Iterative Approximation Computational Comparisons Consolidation The Least Mean Square Problem Formulation A Brief Review of Stochastic Process Ensemble Averages An Example Stationarity The Concept of White Noise.