gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Covalently-controlled drug delivery via therapeutic methacrylic tissue adhesives (2017)

Medical cyanoacrylate adhesives have the potential to eliminate the need for sutures but face challenges to widespread implementation due to their brittleness and release of formaldehyde upon degradation. To overcome these limitations, we used molecular design to create therapeutic methacrylic (TMA) monomers to impart tunable mechanical properties, decreased formaldehyde release, and covalently-controlled bioactivity to commercial cyanoacrylate adhesives. The small molecule therapeutics ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and benzocaine were covalently tethered to the carbonyl of methacrylate using anhydride, ester, and amide bonds. When these TMAs were incorporated into n-butyl cyanoacrylate (BCA) tissue adhesives, the resulting TMA-BCA materials provided release of the therapeutics across a range of time scales according to the reactivity of the tether bond to hydrolysis. The anhydride-tether TMA-BCA adhesive delivered ibuprofen on the same order of magnitude and time scale as topical medications (12 ± 6 mg per g adhesive after 3.4 h). TMA-BCA adhesives also produced less formaldehyde than standard BCA adhesive, showed promising cytocompatibility, and adhered effectively to porcine skin. Further, the anhydride, ester, and amide tether TMA-BCA adhesives exhibited a range of shear moduli, with those containing rigid aromatic amide groups being stiffer, and those with flexible alkyl segments being less stiff, which could enable these adhesives to be tailored to match the mechanical properties of target tissues. The amide-tether TMA-BCA adhesive also showed a 219% increase in toughness compared to BCA. Overall, TMAs represent a platform technology that can be used to build adaptable and bioactive tissue adhesives.
Categorization using semi-supervised clustering (2008)

Many applications require matching objects to a predefined, yet highly dynamic set of categories accompanied by category descriptions. We present a novel approach to solving this class of categorization problems by formulating it in a semi-supervised clustering framework. Text-based matching is performed to generate ldquosoftrdquo seeds, which are then used to guide clustering in the basic feature space. We introduce a new variation of the k-means algorithm, called Soft Seeded k-means, which can effectively incorporate seeds that are of varying degrees of confidence, while allowing for incomplete coverage of the pre-defined categories. The algorithm is applied to real-world data from a business analytics application, and we demonstrate that it leads to superior performance compared to previous approaches.
A X-band GaN power amplifier with Bitstream modulations and active noise filtering (2015)

Power amplifiers (PAs) using Bitstream modulations such as Envelope Delta-Sigma Modulations (EDSM) have been proposed to overcome the trade-off between the linearity and efficiency in RF transmitters for signals with complex modulations. The essential idea of Bitstream amplifiers with EDSM is to translate the analogue envelope to digitized envelope so the PA can settle in several discrete driving points for high efficiency operation. The quantization noise generated due to the Bitstream modulation, however, must be rejected in a lossless fashion to guarantee the high power efficiency. The suppression of the noise power has been traditionally achieved with a passive filter, which incurs additional power loss and bulky volumes. In this paper, an active noise filtering technique is applied to suppress the quantization noise power in Bitstream transmitters by leveraging on the load modulation between the multiple identical units of PAs driven under different phase delays. A GaN PA operating at X-band has been fabricated based on Triquint's 0.25um discrete GaN HEMT devices. Two units of PAs are combined for the purpose of the active noise filtering. Driven by a single-channel WCDMA signal with 5MHz bandwidth and peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) of 5.3dB, it delivers a 35.6 dBm output power with 42.8 % drain efficiency (DE) and 33.5 % power added efficiency (PAE). The active noise filtering characteristics leading to a significant noise power reduction has also been observed in the output spectrum of the PA.
Blockade of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 inhibits immune responses in vivo (1997)

The voltage activated K+ channel (Kv1.3) has recently been identified as the molecule that sets the resting membrane potential of peripheral human T lymphoid cells. In vitro studies indicate that blockage of Kv1.3 inhibits T cell activation, suggesting that Kv1.3 may be a target for immunosuppression. However, despite the in vitro evidence, there has been no in vivo demonstration that blockade of Kv1.3 will attenuate an immune response. The difficulty is due to species differences, as the channel does not set the membrane potential in rodent peripheral T cells. In this study, we show that the channel is present on peripheral T cells of miniswine. Using the peptidyl Kv1.3 inhibitor, margatoxin, we demonstrate that Kv1.3 also regulates the resting membrane potential, and that blockade of Kv1.3 inhibits, in vivo, both a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and an Ab response to an allogeneic challenge. In addition, prolonged Kv1.3 blockade causes reduced thymic cellularity and inhibits the thymic development of T cell subsets. These results provide in vivo evidence that Kv1.3 is a novel target for immunomodulation.
Synthesis of azabicyclic pyrazine derivatives as muscarinic agonists and the preparation of a chloropyrazine analogue with functional selectivity at sub-types of the muscarinic receptor (1991)

The synthesis of quinuclidine and azanorbornyl pyrazine derivatives has yielded highly potent and efficacious muscarinic agonists; chloro-substitution in the pyrazine ring of the quinuclidine analogue resulted in the formation of a derivative with both enantiomers displaying partial agonist character but, more importantly, functional selectivity at the M1, M2 and M3 sub-types of the muscarinic receptor.
Imaging superficial tissue layers using polarized light with a hand-held camera (2003)

A hand-held polarized light camera yields an image whose contrast is based on photons scattered from the superficial subsurface region of tissues. The general approach toward polarized light imaging is presented, discussing the Stokes Vector description of polarized light and the Mueller Matrix description of the scattering process. The simple approach of the hand-held camera is presented with a first clinical image of melanoma
Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Properties of Pyrano[3,2‐c]pyridones Accessible by a One‐Step Multicomponent Synthesis. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hollow-cathode-enhanced magnetron sputtering (1986)

A hollow cathode arc electron source has been added to a conventional planar magnetron sputtering system to form a triode magnetron. The hollow cathode source was chosen in place of a filament for high emission current at low energy, lifetime, and ease of operation in high magnetic fields and reactive gases. The electrons emitted from the hollow cathode produced additional gas ionization, resulting in a denser plasma at constant voltage. Up to 60% of the hollow cathode emission current could be directly coupled into the discharge current of the magnetron. Increases in the discharge current and the deposition rate of up to 10× were recorded over the conventional magnetron at the same voltage. The hollow cathode enhanced magnetron discharges were also capable of high current operation at voltages down to 20 V, which is below the sputter threshold. The pressure of operation could also be reduced significantly, and the magnetron could be operated at full power as low as 5×10−5 Torr in argon.
The Role of Molecular Modeling & Simulation in the Discovery and Deployment of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage and Separation (2019)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly tunable, extended-network, crystalline, nanoporous materials with applications in gas storage, separations, and sensing. We review how molecular models and simulations of gas adsorption in MOFs have lucidly impacted the discovery of performant MOFs for methane, hydrogen, and oxygen storage, xenon, carbon dioxide, and chemical warfare agent capture, and xylene enrichment. Particularly, we highlight how large, open databases of MOF crystal structures, post-processed for molecular simulations, are a platform for computational materials discovery. We pontificate how to orient research efforts to routinize the computational discovery of MOFs for adsorption-based engineering applications.
Arbitrarily Primed PCR Analysis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Field Isolates Demonstrates Genetic Heterogeneity (1996)

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine. In this study we performed an arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) analysis, in which low-stringency amplification with a single primer was used, to investigate genetic variability in M. hyopneumoniae strains and field isolates. We performed preliminary experiments to examine the efficacy of 40 different 10-mer oligonucleotides for priming an AP-PCR with M. hyopneumoniae JT (T = type strain) chromosomal DNA. On the basis of our results, we selected primers OPA-3, OPA-17, and OPB-10 for use in an analysis performed with 23 field isolates. The most informative results were obtained with primer OPA-3. A total of 21 of 23 clinical isolates produced multiband patterns with this primer, while 2 isolates failed to produce any detectable bands. Our data show that M. hyopneumoniae is genetically diverse and that M. hyopneumoniae strains can be divided into at least six epidemiological subgroups on the basis of AP-PCR results.
Menstrum for culture preservation and medium for seed preparation in a tetanus toxin production process containing no animal or dairy products (2006)

Toxoid preparations made from toxin produced with animal and dairy products can contain undesirable contaminants such as the prion causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow's Disease) or antigenic peptides that stimulate anaphylactic reactions and other undesirable immune reactions in immunized hosts. The new vegetable-based process described here avoids such unfortunate possibilities.
A single chip 1 MHz 500 V full/half bridge driver and primary side power supply controller HVIC capable of multiple modes of operation (1990)

A high-voltage IC (HVIC) capable of controlling and driving power FETs in both full- and half-bridge power circuits employing either pulse width modulation (PWM) or resonant circuit topologies is discussed. The IC also includes a voltage-controlled oscillator capable of varying pulse width and/or frequency, thus providing a means of resonant converter control. High-voltage isolation (500 V) and level shifting for upper-side FETs is achieved on-chip, and 1 MHz operation driving four NMOS with 1000 pF gates has been demonstrated. Several power supply control and housekeeping functions are included on the chip. A window comparator which detects and reconstructs isolated pulses from a secondary side control is also included on-chip, thus providing a means of communication between the primary and secondary sides of the power supply. The combination of 15 V control logic with both high-voltage and low-voltage drivers enables this HVIC to be a single-chip primary-side controller for a variety of power circuit topologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transparent Four-Fiber Optical Channel Shared Protection Ring with Span and Ring Switching (2002)

A transparent four-fiber optical channel shared protection ring with span and ring switching is demonstrated experimentally. For a typical regional long haul ring network with 8 nodes and 1200-km circumference, up to 80 wavelengths can be protected in less than 50 ms.
Gain equalization in cascaded optical amplifiers using short-period Bragg gratings (2000)

Gain equalization of an amplifier is performed by introducing spectrally designed Bragg gratings in the mid-stage of a dual-stage erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The long-haul performances of the amplifier are evaluated using a 50 km recirculating loop. The results show a clear improvement of the transmission quality when equalizing the gain.
Characterization of a Protective Monoclonal AntibodyRecognizing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> MSCRAMM ProteinClumping FactorA (2003)

The Staphylococcus aureus MSCRAMM (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) protein clumping factor A (ClfA) has been shown to be a critical virulence factor in several experimental models of infection. This report describes the generation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ClfA. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MAb 12-9 recognized ClfA protein expressed by all of the clinical S. aureus strains obtained from a variety of sources. In assays measuring whole-cell S. aureus binding to human fibrinogen, MAb 12-9 inhibited S. aureus binding by over 90% and displaced up to 35% of the previously adherent S. aureus bacteria. Furthermore, a single infusion of MAb 12-9 was protective against an intravenous challenge with a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus in a murine sepsis model (P < 0.0001). These data suggest that anti-ClfA MAb 12-9 should be further investigated as a novel immunotherapy for the treatment and prevention of life-threatening S. aureus infections.
A wideband microwave double-negative metamaterial with non-Foster loading (2012)

Although the potential for wideband double-negative metamaterials using non-Foster circuit elements was described more than a decade ago, progress has been somewhat limited. Therefore, the analysis and simulation of a wideband microwave metamaterial are presented, where non-Foster elements are used as loads on split rings and on electric resonators. Using the Faraday law of induction, load conditions are derived for wideband negative permeability of a split ring. Using the Ampere circuital law, load conditions are derived for wideband negative permittivity of an electric resonator comprised of two disks connected by a rod. Simulations and extracted parameters confirm the underlying theory, and a wideband double-negative behavior is observed from 1.0 to 4.5 GHz for the proposed design.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Functionalized Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid Based Materials for CO<sub>2</sub> Separations and Selective Blocking of Hazardous Chemical Vapors (2012)

Abstract Review: 41 refs.
Polymer Electrolyte Membranes with a Pore‐Filling Structure for a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2003)

Pore‐filling membranes that are composed of a porous substrate and a filling polymer electrolyte have been developed. These polyelectrolyte membranes demonstrate low permeation with respect to methanol, high proton conductivity, good mechanical strength, chemical stability, and low cost, making them ideal for use in direct methanol fuel cells. The necessary characteristics can also be controlled by changing the substrate and the filling polymer electrolyte.
Investigation into low viscosity refrigeration oil for refrigerators. (2021)

As with automotive lubricants, the trend in refrigeration oils for refrigerators is toward lower viscosities, in pursuit of higher energy efficiency. A viscosity grade (VG) of 32 was once common for refrigeration oils. Recently, however, we have developed an extremely low viscosity refrigeration oil (VG3) for refrigerators that use R600a. In this presentation, we will discuss the technical difficulties (e.g. anti-wear properties) that are caused by lowering the viscosity of refrigeration oils and how to solve them.
From RNA‐seq to Immunohistochemistry: Keratin 17 Defines Pancreatic Cancer Subtypes (2018)

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease, in part because of the lack of molecular biomarkers, allowing the rationale assignment of patient subgroups to appropriate targeted therapies. As a result, almost all PDAC patients are treated with one of two chemotherapeutic regimens (Gem/Abraxane or FOLFIRINOX), with marginal improvement in overall survival. In the last two years, RNA sequencing (RNASeq) studies reported that mRNA expression from bulk tumor defines molecular subtypes of PDAC that are highly correlated with survival. The 25‐gene mRNA signature defining the clinically most aggressive subtype of PDAC has yielded a refined landscape through which biomarker and targetable therapeutics can be identified. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine if K17, one member of this mRNA signature, is sufficient to define the most aggressive subtype of PDAC and to validate K17 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a negative prognostic biomarker. Methods and Results Data‐mining of 125 cases from the University of North Carolina Medical Center (Moffitt et al., 2015) identified K17 mRNA as an independent and sufficient biomarker of the most aggressive molecular subtype of PDAC (hazard ratio [HR] for death at 6 years =1.676, p=0.012). K17 mRNA was next validated as a negative prognostic biomarker in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of margin‐positive (n=48, HR=2.726, p=0.005), and lymph node‐positive (n=107 HR=1.913, p=0.016) PDAC. Increased K17 mRNA was also correlated with protein expression by qRT‐PCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks. IHC stained demonstrated specific staining in malignant and pre‐malignant cells. Tumors were classified as high for K17 based on the proportion of cells that showed strong (2+) staining in ≥ 25% of tumor cells. K17 was validated as a powerful independent prognostic biomarker in an separate set of PDACs from Stony Brook Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center (n=82, HR=2.444, p=0.002). High‐K17 cases had shorter survival among cases with positive regional lymph nodes metastasis (n=52, HR=2.542, p=0.006) and negative regional lymph nodes metastasis (n=30, HR= 2.883, p=0.058). Conclusion This is the first study to show that the expression of a single gene, K17, can accurately define the most aggressive PDAC subtype and is an independent, clinically relevant, prognostic biomarker. K17 expression, measured at the protein level by IHC, performs better than mRNA testing to predict outcome at the time of initial diagnosis and has the potential to inform clinical decisions regarding chemotherapeutic intervention. Support or Funding Information The Marvin Kuschner Account This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Detection of neuroendocrine tumors using promoter-specific secreted Gaussia luciferase (2015)

Accurate detection of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors is critically important for better prognosis and treatment outcomes in patients. To demonstrate the efficacy of using an adenoviral vector for the detection of NE tumors, we have constructed a pair of adenoviral vectors which, in combination, can conditionally replicate and release Gaussia luciferase into the circulation after infecting the NE tumors. The expression of these two vectors is regulated upstream by an INSM1-promoter (insulinoma-associated-1) that is specifically active in NE tumors and developing NE tissues, but silenced in normal adult tissues. In order to retain the tumor-specificity of the INSM1 promoter, we have modified the promoter using the core insulator sequence from the chicken β-globin HS4 insulator and the neuronal restrictive silencing element (NRSE). This modified INSM1-promoter can retain NE tumor specificity in an adenoviral construct while driving a mutated adenovirus E1A gene (∆24E1A), the Metridia, or Gaussia luciferase gene. The in vitro cell line and mouse xenograft human tumor studies revealed the NE specificity of the INSM1-promoter in NE lung cancer, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, and insulinoma. When we combined the INSM1-promoter driven Gaussia luciferase with ∆24E1A, the co-infected NE tumor secreted higher levels of Gaussia luciferase as compared to the INSM1p-Gaussia virus alone. In a mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model, the combination viruses secreted detectable level of Gaussia luciferase after infecting an INSM1-positive NE lung tumor for ≥12 days. Therefore, the INSM1-promoter specific conditional replicating adenovirus represents a sensitive diagnostic tool to aid clinicians in the detection of NE tumors.
Simultaneous transmit and sense for cognitive radios using full-duplex: A first study (2012)

In two-tier cognitive radio networks, spectrum sensing is important to minimize the interference to the primary users. With half-duplex radios, spectrum sensing has to be performed periodically between transmissions, leading to spectral inefficiencies. In this paper, we study the achievable rate gain and transmission range increase for in-band full-duplex transmissions using directional multi-reconfigurable antennas. The aim is to enable simultaneous transmission and sensing in cognitive radio networks. Our results show that directionality of multi-reconfigurable antennas can increase both the range and rate of full-duplex transmissions over omni-directional antenna based full-duplex transmissions.
Analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with atopic dermatitis and<i>in vitro</i>cytokine-stimulated blood eosinophils (2003)

Investigation of differentially expressed genes in eosinophils of patients with allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) will provide important information for elucidating possible mechanisms of pathology. To identify novel genes that are expressed in AD, we compared gene expression in samples of peripheral blood eosinophils from AD patients and healthy volunteers. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood eosinophils. The expression of various genes, such as those for cytokine receptors, eosinophil activation marker, platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor, eosinophil-specific granular proteins and apoptosis-related genes, was confirmed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Peripheral blood eosinophils of healthy volunteers were also isolated and stimulated for introduction of various cytokines. RNA was extracted and gene expression was monitored. Several genes, such as those for cytokine receptors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor alpha and beta chain and interleukin (IL)-3 receptor alpha chain), CD44 and PAF receptor were expressed at significantly higher levels in AD patients than in healthy volunteers. In addition, the anti-apoptotic genes, bcl-2 and bcl-xL, were expressed at increased levels in AD patients. No single gene expression correlated with clinical markers, such as eosinophil count or IgE levels. Expression of GM-CSF receptor beta chain and IL-3 receptor alpha chain in isolated blood eosinophils of healthy volunteers was stimulated by IL-5, IL-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma and GM-CSF. Expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xL was also increased after stimulation with IL-5, IL-4 or IFN-gamma. The in vitro enhancement of cytokine-stimulated gene expression correlated well with the enhancement observed in clinical samples of eosinophils, suggesting that cytokines may affect gene expression in vivo in eosinophils of patients with AD.
(F_2^+)_A centers in additively colored lithium-doped KI and KBr (1986)

(F2+)A centers can be produced in additively colored KI:Li crystals provided that the material is colored in a nitrogen-free atmosphere. The optical properties of (F2+)A centers in both additively colored KI:Li and KBr:Li are identical with those reported for electron-beam-colored materials. Formation of (F2+)A centers in additively colored KI:Li provides the basis for achieving a stable color-center laser material tunable from 2 to 4 μm.