gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio/chemical sensors based on liquid core optical ring resonator (2006)

Optical ring resonators in the form of a microsphere or microcylinder of a few tens to a few hundreds of μm in diameter represent a new sensing mechanism and have recently drawn increasing attention in bio/chemical sensor development. In a ring resonator, the light circulates along the inner surface in the form of the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) resulting from total internal reflection. Due to the high Q-factor of the WGM, the effective interaction length between the light and the analytes can be 10-100 cm long, despite the sensor's micrometer dimensions. Successful feasibility demonstrations of a single ring resonator sensor have stimulated further investigation on photonic and fluidic integration. In this paper, we present a novel bio/chemical sensor platform based on a liquid core optical ring resonator (LCORR) architecture that takes advantage of the high sensitivity associated with ring resonators and easy sample delivery associated with the hollow core columns. This structure allows for separate engineering of the fluidics and photonics and is well-suited for a 2-D sensor array. The potential result is a micro-sized sensing system capable of detecting multiple agents simultaneously while providing redundancy to reduce false positives. In addition, the sample detection volume can be as low as 100 pL. Here we present an LCORR with a Q-factor of 500,000 (2 pm mode linewidth) and a refractive index sensitivity of 7 nm/RIU. Also, we demonstrate the detection of bovine serum albumin adsorbing to the inner surface as the sample is pumped through the LCORR.
A Compact Embedding for Facial Expression Similarity (2019)

Most of the existing work on automatic facial expression analysis focuses on discrete emotion recognition, or facial action unit detection. However, facial expressions do not always fall neatly into pre-defined semantic categories. Also, the similarity between expressions measured in the action unit space need not correspond to how humans perceive expression similarity. Different from previous work, our goal is to describe facial expressions in a continuous fashion using a compact embedding space that mimics human visual preferences. To achieve this goal, we collect a large-scale faces-in-the-wild dataset with human annotations in the form: Expressions A and B are visually more similar when compared to expression C, and use this dataset to train a neural network that produces a compact (16-dimensional) expression embedding. We experimentally demonstrate that the learned embedding can be successfully used for various applications such as expression retrieval, photo album summarization, and emotion recognition. We also show that the embedding learned using the proposed dataset performs better than several other embeddings learned using existing emotion or action unit datasets.
Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Using Resin-Wafer Electrodeionization (2013)

Energy-efficient capture of CO2 from power-plant flue gas is one of the grand challenges to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Current CO2-capture technologies are limited by parasitic energy loss, inefficient capture, and unfavorable process economics. We present a novel electrochemical method for CO2 capture from coal-fired power-plant flue gas. The method utilizes in-situ electrochemical pH control with a resin wafer electrodeionization (RW-EDI) device that continuously shifts the pH of the process fluid between basic and acidic in sequential chambers (pH swing). This pH swing enables capture of CO2 from flue gas in the basic chamber followed by release (recovery) of the captured CO2 (purified) in the acidic chamber of the same device. The approach is based on the sensitivity of the thermodynamic equilibrium of CO2 hydration/dehydration reactions over a narrow pH range. The method enables simultaneous absorption (capture) of CO2 from flue gas and desorption (release) at atmospheric pressure without heating, vacuum, or consumptive chemical usage. In other words, the method concentrates CO2 from ∼15% in flue gas to >98% in the recovery stream. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study focusing on simultaneous capture and release (recovery) of CO2 using an electrochemical method. We describe the method, the role of operating parameters on CO2 recovery, and advancements in process design and engineering for improved efficiency. We report on a method to enhance gas/liquid mixing inside the RW-EDI, which significantly increased CO2 capture rates. We also discuss the importance of using an enzyme/catalyst in enhancing the reaction kinetics. CO2 capture was observed to be a strong function of gas and liquid flow rates and applied electrical field. Up to 80% of the CO2 was captured from a simulated flue gas stream with >98% purity. The results indicate that a narrow pH swing from 8 to 6 (near-neutral pH) could offer a viable pathway for energy-efficient CO2 capture if the reaction kinetics are enhanced. Carbonic anhydrase enzyme enhances the reaction kinetics at near-neutral pH; however, the enzyme lost activity due to the instability at the operating conditions. This observation highlighted the necessity of robust enzymes/catalysts to enhance kinetics of CO2 recovery near-neutral pH.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF 2‐PYRIMIDINONE NUCLEOSIDES. 2. 5‐HALO‐2‐PYRIMIDINONE 2′‐DEOXYRIBOSIDES (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von den silylierten Basen (I) erhält man die Verbindungen (V), deren Antiherpes‐Aktivität (HSV‐l, HSV‐2) untersucht.
Velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI: A review of the state of the art and recommendations for clinical implementation (2022)

This review article provides an overview of the current status of velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) perfusion MRI and is part of a wider effort arising from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group. Since publication of the 2015 consensus paper on arterial spin labeling (ASL) for cerebral perfusion imaging, important advancements have been made in the field. The ASL community has, therefore, decided to provide an extended perspective on various aspects of technical development and application. Because VSASL has the potential to become a principal ASL method because of its unique advantages over traditional approaches, an in-depth discussion was warranted. VSASL labels blood based on its velocity and creates a magnetic bolus immediately proximal to the microvasculature within the imaging volume. VSASL is, therefore, insensitive to transit delay effects, in contrast to spatially selective pulsed and (pseudo-) continuous ASL approaches. Recent technical developments have improved the robustness and the labeling efficiency of VSASL, making it a potentially more favorable ASL approach in a wide range of applications where transit delay effects are of concern. In this review article, we (1) describe the concepts and theoretical basis of VSASL; (2) describe different variants of VSASL and their implementation; (3) provide recommended parameters and practices for clinical adoption; (4) describe challenges in developing and implementing VSASL; and (5) describe its current applications. As VSASL continues to undergo rapid development, the focus of this review is to summarize the fundamental concepts of VSASL, describe existing VSASL techniques and applications, and provide recommendations to help the clinical community adopt VSASL.
Hydraulic Cement from Fly Ash and Phosphoric Acid (1983)

Reaction products of fly ash‐phosphoric acid mixtures of two fly ashes were studied by x‐ray diffraction measurements. The main crystalline reaction product was found to be a complex aluminum, iron phosphate with a probable constitution corresponding to M(Al,Fe)3H14(PO4)8⋅4H2O. Upon mixing with water this crystalline compound hydrolized and formed an irreversible gel composed of colloidal aluminum and iron orthophosphate hydrates. Formation of the irreversible xerogel indicated that the reaction product was a hydraulic cement. One fly ash was used to produce a cement for studying compressive strength of mortars prepared with Ottawa sand. The amount of lime contained in the fly ash seemed to affect the time of setting. Compressive strengths obtained were comparable to those of Portland cements.
A Titanium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling to Generate α,β‐Unsaturated β‐Iminoamines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Virtual production control system (2010)

This work develops a novel virtual production control system (VPCS), which is allocated on a manufacturer side to adjust production pace of a supplier using a short-term demand plan for reducing inventory level. In addition to remotely monitoring production progress of a supplier, the proposed VPCS allows manufacturers to pre-schedule the latest outputs using an integer programming model, to simulate the short-term plan by a stochastic colored timed Petri Nets, and to adjust the production pace of the supplier via the plan. An industrial case study shows that the supplier inventory was reduced by 13.8% over that of the real inventory level with an order-fill rate exceeding 99.6% using the proposed VPCS.
Enhanced photocurrent and open-circuit voltage in a 3-layer cascade organic solar cell (2012)

We demonstrate a cascade architecture for organic solar cells with two planar donor/acceptor (DA) heterojunctions operating in series. In a 3-layered structure, subphthalocyanine (SubPc) acts as an ambipolar interlayer between a tetracene (Tc) donor and a C60 acceptor. The Tc/SubPc and SubPc/C60 interfaces are both able to contribute to the photocurrent, which results in a short-circuit current in the 3-layer cascade cell larger than in any of the constituent bi-layer DA combinations. Furthermore, the open-circuit voltage is increased due to reduced recombination losses at the DA interface.
Coherent Diffraction Imaging with an Apertured Illumination Support (2012)

We demonstrate coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) using the projected image of an aperture as a support. This method is strikingly simple and allows CDI imaging of non-isolated objects in transmission and reflection.
Formation of ultralow friction surface films on boron carbide (1996)

In this letter, we describe the formation and ultralow friction mechanisms of a surface film on boron carbide (B4C). This film results from sequential reactions between B4C and oxygen and between the resulting boron oxide (B2O3) and moisture; it can afford friction coefficients of 0.03 to 0.05 to sliding steel surfaces. At temperatures above 600 °C, B4C undergoes oxidation and forms a layer of boron oxide (B2O3) in the upper surface. During cooling to room temperature, the B2O3 reacts with moisture in the air to form a secondary film, boric acid (H3BO3). The sliding friction coefficient of 440C steel balls against this film is 0.04, compared to 0.7 against the bare B4C surfaces. Mechanistically, we propose that the ultralow friction behavior of the heat-treated B4C surface is due mainly to the layered-crystal structure of the H3BO3 film that forms on the sliding surface.
Privacy-preserving genomic testing in the clinic: a model using HIV treatment (2016)

The model of implementation presented herein informs on strategies to deliver genomic test results for clinical care. Data encryption to ensure privacy helps to build patient trust, a key requirement on the road to genomic-based medicine.Genet Med 18 8, 814-822.
Synthesis of dual-mode in-line microwave rectangular filters with higher modes (2005)

Satellite communications are used intensively today. Separating the different frequency channels requires high selectivity. Up to now, this high selectivity has been achieved by using circular filters placed in circular waveguides. However, circular waveguides require a complicated design process and are difficult to manufacture. In this article, a filtering method based on rectangular geometry and using the higher mode is presented. The synthesis procedure and its practical equivalent circuit are shown to create independent zeros to the right and/or left of the passband. To validate this new concept of filtering and the corresponding synthesis, applications on TE10/TE30 in-line rectangular filters are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005.
A Passive and Active Joint Torque Augmentation Robot (JTAR) for Hip Gait Assistance (2014)

A series of Joint Torque Augmentation Robot (JTAR) devices were created to assist the hip joint in walking. Both passive and active assistance approaches were developed. The active device has been demonstrated in an unconstrained outdoor environment.
Adaptive background estimation using an information theoretic cost for hidden state estimation (2011)

Hidden state estimation in linear systems is a popular and broad research topic which became a mainstream research area after Rudolf Kalman's seminal paper. The Kalman Filter (KF) gives the optimal solution to the estimation problem in a setting where all the processes are Gaussian random processes. However because of the suboptimal behavior of the KF in non-Gaussian settings, there is a need for a new filter that can extract higher order information from the signals. In this paper we propose using an information theoretic cost function utilizing the similarity measure Correntropy as a performance index. This results in a different perspective on hidden state estimation. We present the superior performance of the new filter on both synthetic data and on adaptive background estimation problem and discuss future research directions.
Antigenic Conservation of an Immunodominant Invariable Region of the VlsE Lipoprotein among European Pathogenic Genospecies of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>SL (2000)

Lyme disease is caused by genetically divergent spirochetes, including 3 pathogenic genospecies: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. afzelii. Serodiagnosis is complicated by this genetic diversity. A synthetic peptide (C(6)), based on the 26-mer invariable region (IR(6)) of the variable surface antigen of B. burgdorferi (VlsE), was used as ELISA antigen, to test serum samples collected from mice experimentally infected with the 3 genospecies and from European patients with Lyme disease. Regardless of the infecting strains, mice produced a strong antibody response to C(6), which indicates that IR(6) is antigenically conserved among the pathogenic genospecies. Twenty of 23 patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans had a detectable antibody response to C(6). A sensitivity of 95.2% was achieved, with serum samples collected from patients with well-defined acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Fourteen of 20 patients with symptoms of late Lyme disease also had a positive anti-IR(6) ELISA. Thus, it is possible that C(6) may be used to serodiagnose Lyme disease universally.
Phase‐contrast velocimetry with simultaneous fat/water separation (2010)

Phase-contrast MRI can provide high-resolution angiographic velocity images, especially in conjunction with non-Cartesian k-space sampling. However, acquisitions can be sensitive to errors from artifacts from main magnetic field inhomogeneities and chemical shift from fat. Particularly in body imaging, fat content can cause degraded image quality, create errors in the velocity measurements, and prevent the use of self-calibrated amplitude of static field heterogeneity corrections. To reduce the influence of fat and facilitate self-calibrated amplitude of static field heterogeneity corrections, a combination of chemical shift imaging with phase-contrast velocimetry with nonlinear least-squares estimation of velocity, fat, and water signals is proposed. A chemical shift and first-moment symmetric dual-echo sequence is proposed to minimize the scan time penalty, and initial investigations are performed in phantoms and volunteers that show reduced influence from fat in velocity images.
Computing depth under ambient illumination using multi-shuttered light (2004)

Range imaging has become a critical component of many computer vision applications. The quality of the depth data is of critical importance, but so is the need for speed. Shuttered light-pulse (SLP) imaging uses active illumination hardware to provide high quality depth maps at video frame rates. Unfortunately, current analytical models for deriving depth from SLP imagers are specific to the number of shutters and have a number of deficiencies. As a result, depth estimation often suffers from bias due to object reflectivity, incorrect shutter settings, or strong ambient illumination such as that encountered outdoors. These limitations make SLP imaging unsuitable for many applications requiring stable depth readings. This paper introduces a method that is general to any number of shutters. Using three shutters, the new method produces invariant estimates under changes in ambient illumination, producing high quality depth maps in a wider range of situations.
Unconstrained plastering—Hexahedral mesh generation via advancing‐front geometry decomposition (2009)

Abstract The generation of all‐hexahedral finite element meshes has been an area of ongoing research for the past two decades and remains an open problem. Unconstrained plastering is a new method for generating all‐hexahedral finite element meshes on arbitrary volumetric geometries. Starting from an unmeshed volume boundary, unconstrained plastering generates the interior mesh topology without the constraints of a pre‐defined boundary mesh. Using advancing fronts, unconstrained plastering forms partially defined hexahedral dual sheets by decomposing the geometry into simple shapes, each of which can be meshed with simple meshing primitives. By breaking from the tradition of previous advancing‐front algorithms, which start from pre‐meshed boundary surfaces, unconstrained plastering demonstrates that for the tested geometries, high quality, boundary aligned, orientation insensitive, all‐hexahedral meshes can be generated automatically without pre‐meshing the boundary. Examples are given for meshes from both solid mechanics and geotechnical applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A continuous process for recovery of sulfur from natural gas containing low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (1986)

Abstract A continuous catalytic process was developed to remove hydrogen sulfide from a natural gas stream using activated carbon as catalyst. The concentration range of hydrogen sulfide in the gas stream studied was 300–3000 ppmv (0.0126–0.126 moles/m 3 ). Virtually 100 percent conversion of hydrogen sulfide was achieved by the combination of various parameters. The “field gas” employed in this study exhibited cracking of some heavier hydrocarbons and made the product sulfur slightly brown. These hydrocarbons should therefore be separated from the gas stream prior to the oxidation reaction. No carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide was produced during the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. It is concluded that the process described herein has the potential for the removal of hydrogen sulfide as sulfur from a sour natural gas stream on a continuous basis and could therefore eliminate an environmental problem which now exists.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan in the PARADIGM-HF Trial (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) According to Background Therapy (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01035255.
Semisynthetic Rhodomycins and Anthracycline Prodrugs (1994)

A series of β- and ε-(iso)rhodomycins and anthracycline prodrugs have been synthesized. The range of structural variants in the carbohydrate portion of the rhodomycins was designed to furnish a suitable comprehensive series of stereochemical and substitutional variants in the daunosamine moiety and provide anthracycline glycosides synthesized in sufficient quantity for antitumor evaluation in an in vitro and in vivo test system. One approach to improve the efficiency of drug action and the selectivity of drug delivery is to prepare anthracyline prodrugs which itself pharmacologicaly inactive, but which becomes activated in vivo to liberate the parent drug by enzymatic attack. The new potentially useful prodrugs obtained along this line were glycosyl-anthracyclines, which can be activated by the tumor-specific immunoenzymatic conjugates.
Evaluation of Cooling Potential and Tool Life in Turning Using Metalworking Fluids Delivered in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2009)

Carbon Dioxide is an industrial byproduct that has been proposed as an alternative metalworking fluid (MWF) carrier with lower environmental impacts and better cooling potential than existing MWFs. This paper investigates the heat removal and tool life effects of rapidly expanding supercritical CO2 (scCO2)-based MWFs relative to MWFs delivered as a flood of semi-synthetic emulsion or as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) sprays. When cutting both compacted graphite iron (CGI) and titanium, tool wear was most effectively controlled using the scCO2-based MWF compared with the other MWFs. Analysis in this paper suggests that the performance benefit imparted by rapidly expanding scCO2 appears to be related to both the cooling potential and penetration of the sprays into the cutting zone. High-pressure gas sprays have lower viscosity and higher velocity than conventional MWFs. An experiment in which the spray direction was varied clearly demonstrated the importance of spray penetration in tool wear suppression. The type of gas spray is also a significant factor in tool wear suppression. For instance, a spray of N2 delivered under similar conditions to CO2 effectively reduced tool wear relative to water based fluids, but not as much as CO2. This result is particularly relevant for MQL sprays which are shown to not cool nearly as effectively as scCO2 MWFs. These results inform development of scCO2-based MWFs in other machining operations, and provide insight into the optimization of scCO2 MWF delivery.
Aqueous catalyst systems for the water-gas shift reaction. 2. Mechanism of basic catalysis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous catalyst systems for the water-gas shift reaction. 2. Mechanism of basic catalysisDouglas C. Elliott, Richard T. Hallen, and L. John Sealock Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 3, 431–435Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300011a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i300011a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts