gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First adhesion measurements of conductive ultrananocrystalline diamond MEMS sidewalls (2014)

We present the first measuremenst of adhesion between two micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) surfaces, fully fabricated with boron doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (B-UNCD). This research allows us to explore the potential of conductive UNCD MEMS for the solution of issues like adhesion and friction in micro-devices and describe with accuracy the effects involved. By means of standard lithographic techniques, we have fabricated a diamond micro thermal actuator (chevron type), which is used as a platform for tribological testing. A peculiar effect has been observed in the adhesion phenomenon of UNCD. It involves with high probability, an interaction between hydrocarbon/amorphous carbon layers (a-C) that cover the two diamond contacting surfaces. The as-etched device shows a `chewing-gum' effect in the adhesion curve, probably due to the formation of hydrocarbon/a-C chains after the interaction of the surfaces. This effect disappears when the device is treated in oxygen plasma and the hydrocarbon/a-C is removed. The study of this phenomenon will be followed by more accurate analysis and atomistic simulation and the results will be compared with nitrogen-incorporated UNCD (N-UNCD) fabricated devices.
Intrinsic gating properties of a cloned G protein-activated inward rectifier K+ channel. (1995)

The voltage-, time-, and K(+)-dependent properties of a G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel (GIRK1/KGA/Kir3.1) cloned from rat atrium were studied in Xenopus oocytes under two-electrode voltage clamp. During maintained G protein activation and in the presence of high external K+ (VK = 0 mV), voltage jumps from VK to negative membrane potentials activated inward GIRK1 K+ currents with three distinct time-resolved current components. GIRK1 current activation consisted of an instantaneous component that was followed by two components with time constants tau f approximately 50 ms and tau s approximately 400 ms. These activation time constants were weakly voltage dependent, increasing approximately twofold with maximal hyperpolarization from VK. Voltage-dependent GIRK1 availability, revealed by tail currents at -80 mV after long prepulses, was greatest at potentials negative to VK and declined to a plateau of approximately half the maximal level at positive voltages. Voltage-dependent GIRK1 availability shifted with VK and was half maximal at VK -20 mV; the equivalent gating charge was approximately 1.6 e-. The voltage-dependent gating parameters of GIRK1 did not significantly differ for G protein activation by three heterologously expressed signaling pathways: m2 muscarinic receptors, serotonin 1A receptors, or G protein beta 1 gamma 2 subunits. Voltage dependence was also unaffected by agonist concentration. These results indicate that the voltage-dependent gating properties of GIRK1 are not due to extrinsic factors such as agonist-receptor interactions and G protein-channel coupling, but instead are analogous to the intrinsic gating behaviors of other inwardly rectifying K+ channels.
Inhibition of enzymatic browning in foods and beverages (1992)

Enzymatic browning is a major factor contributing to quality loss in foods and beverages. Sulfiting agents are used commonly to control browning; however, several negative attributes associated with sulfites have created the need for functional alternatives. Recent advances in the development of nonsulfite inhibitors of enzymatic browning are reviewed. The review focuses on compositions that are of practical relevance to food use.
Electrostatically tunable piezoelectric-on- silicon micromechanical resonator for real-time clock (2012)

This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a small form factor, piezoelectrically transduced, tunable micromechanical resonator for real-time clock (RTC) applications (32.768 kHz). The device was designed to resonate in an out-of-plane flexural mode to simultaneously achieve low-frequency operation and reduced motional resistance in a small die area. Finite element simulations were extensively used to optimize the structure in terms of size, insertion loss, spurious-mode rejection, and frequency tuning. Microresonators with an overall die area of only 350 × 350 μm were implemented on a thin-film AlN on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate with AlN thickness of 0.5 μm, device layer of 1.5 μm, and an electrostatic tuning gap size of 1 μm. A frequency tuning range of 3100 ppm was measured using dc voltages of less than 4 V. This range is sufficient to compensate for frequency variations of the microresonator across temperature from -20°C to 100°C. The device exhibits low motional impedance that is completely independent of the frequency tuning potential. Discrete electronics were used in conjunction with the resonator to implement an oscillator, verifying its functionality as a timing reference.
Six and Seven Transistor Leakage Suppressed SRAM Cells with Improved Read Stability (2007)

Static random access memories with six and seven transistor cells that maintain full static noise margin during read operation and reside in low leakage voltage collapsed state when unselected are presented. The memory test circuits are fabricated on a 0.13 μm CMOS process technology. The cells are 11% larger than a conventional SRAM cell drawn to the same design rules. Measured test results verify the power, speed, and usable range of power supply voltages for the designs.
Anisotropic elastic constants from dipole flexural dispersions in unconventional shale-gas reservoirs (2014)

Anisotropic elastic constants are required to estimate the minimum horizontal stress magnitude using sonic data from a pilot vertical wellbore in unconventional shale-gas formations. Generally, the borehole Stoneley and flexural dispersions in a TI- (transversely isotropic) formation exhibit frequency-dependent sensitivities to all five TI-elastic constants. A frequency-dependent integral formulation relates fractional changes in the Stoneley or flexural velocities to incremental changes in the TI-elastic constants from an assumed equivalent isotropic reference state. Consequently, fractional changes in the Stoneley or flexural velocities at different frequencies can be inverted to obtain incremental changes in the TI-elastic constants from a chosen equivalent isotropic reference state. A linear relationship between fractional changes in the measured dispersion from a carefully chosen reference state to corresponding changes in the five TI-elastic constants is a reliable way to invert for multiple anisotropic constants. Based on the sensitivity of modal velocities to small changes in the anisotropic elastic constants, the inversion algorithm successfully inverts multiple elastic moduli from either the borehole Stoneley or dipole flexural dispersions. Validation of the inverted elastic constants is obtained by a good agreement between the reconstructed and measured dispersions.
Resilient End-to-End Message Protection for Cyber-Physical System Communications (2016)

Cyber-physical system (CPS) communications for safely and effectively operating a mission-critical infrastructure must be securely protected to prevent the infrastructure from becoming vulnerable. The protection scheme used must be resilient and light-weighted for CPS field devices having constrained computing and communicating resources, and also scalable for control servers associating with a large number of the field devices. In addition, CPS applications such as smart metering require end-to-end privacy protection. However, as shown in this paper, none of conventional security schemes comprehensively meets the above requirements; group security schemes scale well for a massive number of devices but are weak in terms of privacy protection and resilience; point-to-point security schemes such as IPsec inherently have resilience but are limited to address scalability and thinness requirements. Motivated by the limitations of conventional security schemes, we design new group security scheme, resilient end-to-end message protection (REMP), exploiting the following notions: long-term keys per-node that are given by REMP authentication server, encryption keys per message sent that are probabilistically derived from a long-term key, and end-to-end authenticators per message sent that consist of a message sender's identity and a message authentication code. Compared with conventional group security schemes, we improve end-to-end security strength in terms of confidentiality, integrity, message source authentication, and key exposure resilience, while preserving scalability and extensibility.
Light at the end of the tunnel: a Monte Carlo approach to computing value of information (2013)

Calculating the expected value of information (VOI) for sequences of observations under uncertainty is intractable, as branching trees of potential outcomes of sets of observations must be considered in the general case. We address the combinatorial challenge of computing ideal observational policies in situations where long sequences of weak evidential updates may have to be considered. We introduce and validate the use of Monte Carlo procedures for computing VOI with such long evidential sequences. We evaluate the procedure on a synthetic dataset and on a challenging citizen-science problem and demonstrate how it can effectively cut through the intractability of the combinatorial space.
Purification of pancreas type-I ATP diphosphohydrolase and identification by affinity labelling with the 5′-<i>p</i>-fluorosulphonylbenzoyladenosine ATP analogue (1995)

The enzyme recently identified as type-I ATP diphosphohydrolase (ATPDase; EC 3.6.1.5) has been purified from the zymogen granule membrane of pig pancreas. After solubilization with Triton X-100 and chromatographies on ion-exchange and Affi-Gel Blue columns an approximate 3500-fold purification was obtained. The enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 45 units/mg of protein was much further purified by PAGE under non-denaturing conditions. The active band localized on the gel contained two proteins after SDS/PAGE and silver staining, corresponding to apparent molecular masses of 56 and 54 kDa. The identity of the ATPDase was confirmed by an affinity labelling technique with 5'-p-fluorosulphonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA) as an ATP analogue. The latter was detected by a Western blot technique. A strong reaction was observed with the band corresponding to 54 kDa. N-terminal sequence analysis revealed that the 56 kDa protein has significant similarities (50-72%) with lipases, whereas the 54 kDa enzyme has no significant similarity with any known proteins. N-glycosidase F treatment confirmed the glycoprotein nature of the enzyme and suggested that the enzyme bears several N-glycosylation sites. Comparisons of molecular masses and biochemical properties show that this ATPDase is different from other reported mammalian ATPDases.
Viral Enhancement and Interference Induced in Cell Culture by Hepatitis A Virus: Application to Quantitative Assays for Hepatitis A Virus (1984)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) growing in human diploid lung fibroblast (MRC5) monolayers can either interfere with or enhance the cytopathic effect of Newcastle Disease virus (NDV) challenge. Enhancement of NDV occurred if HAV-infected monolayers were challenged with a low multiplicity of infection of NDV and incubated at 35 degrees C. Interference occurred if HAV-infected monolayers were given a high NDV multiplicity of infection and incubated at 32 degrees C. These phenomena were applied to assays for quantifying HAV and may be useful in providing new insights into viral interference and enhancement.
Low-Complexity Echo and NEXT Cancellers for High-Speed Ethernet Transceivers (2008)

Gigabit and multigigabit transceivers require very long adaptive filters for echo and near-end crosstalk (NEXT) cancellation. Implementation of these filters not only occupies large silicon area but also consumes significant power. These problems become even worse when the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) technique is used in applications such as 10-Gigabit Ethernet over Copper (10 GBASE-T) as the input to the echo and NEXT cancellers is no longer a simple PAM-M signal. To reduce the complexity of these cancellers, in this paper, a novel method based on word-length reduction technique is proposed. The proposed design is derived by replacing the original input to the echo and NEXT cancellers with a finite-level signal, which is the sum of the input to the TH precoder and a finite-level compensation signal. Then, this modified input signal is recoded to have shorter word-length compared with the original input. Hence, the overall complexity can be reduced by using the proposed method. To further reduce the complexity of these cancellers, an improved design is proposed by exploiting the property of the compensation signal. Compared with the traditional design, the proposed echo and NEXT cancellers have exact input and do not suffer from the quantization problem, and thus they are more suitable for VLSI implementation. The proposed method can also be applied to design adaptive echo and NEXT cancellers with little modification. The performance evaluation is performed by simulations to verify the proposed design. It is shown that, by applying the proposed method to a 10 GBASE-T Ethernet system, the hardware complexity of echo and NEXT cancellers can be reduced by about 10.82% without performance loss, compared with the traditional design.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Telluride‐Mediated Conversion of Glycidols to Allyl Alcohols: An Extension of the Sharpless Kinetic Resolution. (1990)

Abstract The racemic allylic alcohols (±)‐(I) are kinetically resolved by Sharpless epoxidation to give the chiral oxiranes (II) and the chiral alcohols (+)‐(I).
Identification and characterization of agonist epitopes of the MUC1-C oncoprotein (2013)

Meeting abstracts The MUC1 tumor-associated antigen is overexpressed in the majority of human carcinomas and several hematologic malignancies. Much attention has been paid to the hypoglycosylated VNTR region of the N-terminus of MUC1 as a vaccine target, and recombinant viral vector vaccines are
Multi-channel Change-Point Malware Detection (2013)

The complex computing systems employed by governments, corporations, and other institutions are frequently targeted by cyber-attacks designed for espionage and sabotage. The malicious software used in such attacks are typically custom-designed or obfuscated to avoid detection by traditional antivirus software. Our goal is to create a malware detection system that can quickly and accurately detect such otherwise difficult-to-detect malware. We pose the problem of malware detection as a multi-channel change-point detection problem, wherein the goal is to identify the point in time when a system changes from a known clean state to an infected state. We present a host-based malware detection system designed to run at the hypervisor level, monitoring hypervisor and guest operating system sensors and sequentially determining whether the host is infected. We present a case study wherein the detection system is used to detect various types of malware on an active web server under heavy computational load.
A Jacobi Diagonalization and Anderson Acceleration Algorithm For Variational Quantum Algorithm Parameter Optimization (2019)

The optimization of circuit parameters of variational quantum algorithms such as the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) or the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a key challenge for the practical deployment of near-term quantum computing algorithms. Here, we develop a hybrid quantum/classical optimization procedure inspired by the Jacobi diagonalization algorithm for classical eigendecomposition, and combined with Anderson acceleration. In the first stage, analytical tomography fittings are performed for a local cluster of circuit parameters via sampling of the observable objective function at quadrature points in the circuit angles. Classical optimization is used to determine the optimal circuit parameters within the cluster, with the other circuit parameters frozen. Different clusters of circuit parameters are then optimized in "sweeps,'' leading to a monotonically-convergent fixed-point procedure. In the second stage, the iterative history of the fixed-point Jacobi procedure is used to accelerate the convergence by applying Anderson acceleration/Pulay's direct inversion of the iterative subspace (DIIS). This Jacobi+Anderson method is numerically tested using a quantum circuit simulator (without noise) for a representative test case from the multistate, contracted variant of the variational quantum eigensolver (MC-VQE), and is found to be competitive with and often faster than Powell's method and L-BFGS.
Model Driven Provisioning in Multi-tenant Clouds (2012)

In multi-tenant cloud systems today, provisioning of resources for new tenancy is based on selection from a catalogue published by the cloud provider. The published images are generally a stack of appliances with Infrastructure (IaaS) and Platform (PaaS) layers and optionally Application layers (SaaS). Such a ready-made model enables quicker and streamlined resource provisioning to clients. However, this approach poses certain challenges to clients in the short run and providers in the long run. Unique tenancy requirements from each client are forcibly generalized by selecting one of the available images from the catalogue as the tenancy requirements are not modeled or validated to start with. Moreover, resource provisioning is mostly done towards addressing the peak load expectations in the tenancy. Such a static approach does not help in adapting to dynamically changing tenancy requirements, most often leading to the tenants owning and subsequently paying for more than what they need. In particular, provisioned resources are expected to perform at the same level of quality without accounting for their changing health. In our paper, we propose an extensible dynamic provisioning framework to address these challenges. We start with defining a Tenancy Requirements Model (TRM) which helps map provisioned resources with tenants. The provisioned and candidate resources are also modeled with their Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics which we call Health Grading Model (HGM); this helps in continuous monitoring and grading of resources based on health parameters and enables health prediction for future provisioning. Together, TRM and HGM allow dynamic re-provisioning for existing tenants based on either changing tenancy requirements or health grading predictions. We also present algorithms for prediction based provisioning and tenancy requirement matching. We illustrate our ideas throughout this paper with a running example, and present a proof-of-concept prototype implementation on IBM's Rational Software Architect modeling tool.
Baylis–Hillman Reaction as a Versatile Platform for the Synthesis of Diverse Functionalized Polymers by Chain and Step Polymerization (2014)

The Baylis–Hillman reaction, which is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction between an aldehyde and an activated alkene, was utilized to prepare densely functionalized monomers suitable for chain and step polymerization. By reacting formaldehyde with various alkyl acrylates, a series of alkyl α-hydroxymethyl acrylate monomers were synthesized. These monomers efficiently underwent RAFT polymerization to provide α-hydroxymethyl-substituted polyacrylates with well controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. The resulting homopolymers were also efficient macro-chain transfer agents for further RAFT polymerization. The Baylis–Hillman reaction was also utilized to synthesize alkene functionalized diols which underwent step-growth polymerization to provide polyesters and poly(ester urethane)s. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the alkene group can be quantitatively functionalized by thiol–ene click chemistry to provide a series of polymers with diverse physical properties.
Properties of one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (2003)

Summary form only given. In recent years, Inoue and Fujii have studied theoretically and experimentally, the one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal (1-D MPC) multilayer films composed of magneto-optical and dielectric materials. This 1-D MPC film exhibits an extremely large magneto-optical Faraday rotation due to the weak localization of light Such 1-D MPC film offers the possibility of realizing a rotation of 45/spl deg/ with a thickness of only several microns. The application from showing high transmittance (T) and large Faraday rotation (/sup /spl Theta///sub F/) to a variety of magneto-optical devices for optical communication (ex. film-based optical isolator) is expected. Therefore, we investigated on the possibility of the application to optical isolator (T>95%, /sup /spl Theta///sub F/=45/spl deg/) for the optical communication of 1-D MPC from the theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Quinuclidine‐Based Ligands for the Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor. (1990)

Abstract Starting with the quinuclidinecarboxylate (I), various oxadiazolylquinuclidines are synthesized.
Comparison of Static End-expiratory and Effective Lung Volumes for Gas Exchange in Healthy and Surfactant-depleted Lungs (2013)

The parallel changes in ELV and EELV with PEEP in healthy and surfactant-depleted lungs support the clinical value of ELV measurement as a bedside tool to estimate dynamic changes in EELV in children and infants.
Physiologic volume of phosphorus during hemodialysis: Predictions from a pseudo one‐compartment model (2012)

The kinetics of plasma phosphorus concentrations during hemodialysis (HD) are complex and cannot be described by conventional one- or two-compartment kinetic models. It has recently been shown by others that the physiologic (or apparent distribution) volume for phosphorus (Vr-P) increases with increasing treatment time and shows a large variation among patients treated by thrice weekly and daily HD. Here, we describe the dependence of Vr-P on treatment time and predialysis plasma phosphorus concentration as predicted by a novel pseudo one-compartment model. The kinetics of plasma phosphorus during conventional and six times per week daily HD were simulated as a function of treatment time per session for various dialyzer phosphate clearances and patient-specific phosphorus mobilization clearances (K(M)). Vr-P normalized to extracellular volume from these simulations were reported and compared with previously published empirical findings. Simulated results were relatively independent of dialyzer phosphate clearance and treatment frequency. In contrast, Vr-P was strongly dependent on treatment time per session; the increase in Vr-P with treatment time was larger for higher values of K(M). Vr-P was inversely dependent on predialysis plasma phosphorus concentration. There was significant variation among predicted Vr-P values, depending largely on the value of K(M). We conclude that a pseudo one-compartment model can describe the empirical dependence of the physiologic volume of phosphorus on treatment time and predialysis plasma phosphorus concentration. Further, the variation in physiologic volume of phosphorus among HD patients is largely due to differences in patient-specific phosphorus mobilization clearance.