gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Excitation of Micro/Nano Resonators and Their Higher Order Modes (2019)

We demonstrate a simple and flexible technique to efficiently activate micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) resonators at their fundamental and higher order vibration modes. The method is based on the utilization of the amplified voltage across an inductor, L, of an LC tank resonant circuit to actuate the MEMS/NEMS resonator. By matching the electrical and mechanical resonances, significant amplitude amplification is reported across the resonators terminals. We show experimentally amplitude amplification up to twelve times, which is demonstrated to efficiently excite several vibration modes of a microplate MEMS resonator and the fundamental mode of a NEMS resonator.
Preparation of recarburixed coke (1992)

This patent describes a process for the production of low sulfur and low nitrogen coke. It comprises: combining a pyrolysis tar and a petroleum distillate to obtain a combined feed material; contacting the combined feed material with a gamma alumina or a y zeolite, hydrogenating catalyst comprising an inorganic refractory oxide support or matrix composited with a metal selected from the group consisting of a Group VIB metal, a Group VIII metal and mixtures thereof in the presence of hydrogen and under hydrogenation reaction conditions; subjecting the hydrotreated feed material to thermal cracking; subjecting thermal tar obtained from the thermal cracking step to delay coking; and recovering a coke product containing not more than 0.10 weight percent sulfur and not more than 0.10 weight percent nitrogen.
Automated detection of malignant features in confocal microscopy on superficial spreading melanoma versus nevi (2010)

In-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) shows promise for the early detection of superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). RCM of SSM shows pagetoid melanocytes (PMs) in the epidermis and disarray at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), which are automatically quantified with a computer algorithm that locates depth of the most superficial pigmented surface [D(SPS)(x,y)] containing PMs in the epidermis and pigmented basal cells near the DEJ. The algorithm uses 200 noninvasive confocal optical sections that image the superficial 200 μm of ten skin sites: five unequivocal SSMs and five nevi. The pattern recognition algorithm automatically identifies PMs in all five SSMs and finds none in the nevi. A large mean gradient ψ (roughness) between laterally adjacent points on D(SPS)(x,y) identifies DEJ disruption in SSM ψ = 11.7 ± 3.7 [-] for n = 5 SSMs versus a small ψ = 5.5 ± 1.0 [-] for n = 5 nevi (significance, p = 0.0035). Quantitative endpoint metrics for malignant characteristics make digital RCM data an attractive diagnostic asset for pathologists, augmenting studies thus far, which have relied largely on visual assessment.
URCP: Universal Rate Control Protocol for Real-Time Communication Applications (2013)

We present a Universal Rate Control Protocol (URCP), which provides applications with fair and full link utilization while operating at low delay and loss levels as needed by interactive real-time communications (RTC) applications across a range of complex networks in use today, such as Wi-Fi hotspots, 4G (HSPA+), and WiMAX. As opposed to many existing rate control techniques which are specially designed for differing network types and application requirements, URCP attempts to provide a universal framework for rate control by learning network parameters and then automatically adapting a utility maximization based rate control framework to achieve good performance across any network. URCP is able to provide significantly improved performance over state-of-art rate control techniques for RTC applications, in terms of throughput, delay, and loss. On real-world network tests, URCP provides similar throughput to commonly used loss based schemes while achieving up to a 100x improvement in operating delay (compared to TCP NewReno on the Clearwire WiMAX network). Compared to existing delay based rate control protocols commonly used by RTC applications, URCP provides similar operating delay while achieving close to 2.5x improvement in throughput on noisy networks (compared to WebRTC on the T-Mobile HSPA+ network).
Generation of short electrical pulses based on bipolar transistorsny (2005)

Abstract. A system for the generation of short electrical pulses based on the minority carrier charge storage and the step recovery effect of bipolar transistors is presented. Electrical pulses of about 90 ps up to 800 ps duration are generated with a maximum amplitude of approximately 7V at 50Ω. The bipolar transistor is driven into saturation and the base-collector and base-emitter junctions become forward biased. The resulting fast switch-off edge of the transistor’s output signal is the basis for the pulse generation. The fast switching of the transistor occurs as a result of the minority carriers that have been injected and stored across the base-collector junction under forward bias conditions. If the saturated transistor is suddenly reverse biased the pn-junction will appear as a low impedance until the stored charge is depleted. Then the impedance will suddenly increase to its normal high value and the flow of current through the junction will turn to zero, abruptly. A differentiation of the output signal of the transistor results in two short pulses with opposite polarities. The differentiating circuit is implemented by a transmission line network, which mainly acts as a high pass filter. Both the transistor technology (pnp or npn) and the phase of the transfer function of the differentating circuit influence the polarity of the output pulses. The pulse duration depends on the transistor parameters as well as on the transfer function of the pulse shaping network. This way of generating short electrical pulses is a new alternative for conventional comb generators based on steprecovery diodes (SRD). Due to the three-terminal structure of the transistor the isolation problem between the input and the output signal of the transistor network is drastically simplified. Furthermore the transistor is an active element in contrast to a SRD, so that its current gain can be used to minimize the power of the driving signal.
Antibody and lectin target podoplanin to inhibit oral squamous carcinoma cell migration and viability by distinct mechanisms (2015)

Podoplanin (PDPN) is a unique transmembrane receptor that promotes tumor cell motility. Indeed, PDPN may serve as a chemotherapeutic target for primary and metastatic cancer cells, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells that cause most oral cancers. Here, we studied how a monoclonal antibody (NZ-1) and lectin (MASL) that target PDPN affect human OSCC cell motility and viability. Both reagents inhibited the migration of PDPN expressing OSCC cells at nanomolar concentrations before inhibiting cell viability at micromolar concentrations. In addition, both reagents induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition to kill OSCC cells that express PDPN by caspase independent nonapoptotic necrosis. Furthermore, MASL displayed a surprisingly robust ability to target PDPN on OSCC cells within minutes of exposure, and significantly inhibited human OSCC dissemination in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, we report that human OSCC cells formed tumors that expressed PDPN in mice, and induced PDPN expression in infiltrating host murine cancer associated fibroblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that antibodies and lectins may be utilized to combat OSCC and other cancers that express PDPN.
Selective gas sensing with a single graphene-on-silicon transistor (2012)

The low-frequency 1/f noise in graphene transistors has been studied extensively owing to the proposed graphene applications in analog devices and communication systems [1-5]. The studies were motivated by the fact that the low-frequency noise can be up-converted by device nonlinearity and contribute to the phase noise of the system. Similarly, the sensor sensitivity is often limited by the electronic low-frequency noise. Therefore, noise is usually considered as one of the main limiting factors for the device or overall system operation. However, the electronic noise spectrum itself can be used as a sensing parameter increasing the sensor sensitivity and selectivity. Here, we show that vapors of different chemicals produce distinguishably different effects on the low-frequency noise spectra of the graphene-on-Si transistor. Our study showed that some gases change the electrical resistance of pristine graphene devices without changing their low-frequency noise spectra while other gases modify the noise spectra by inducing Lorentzian components with distinctive features. The characteristic corner frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> of the Lorentzian noise bulges in graphene devices is different for different chemicals and varies from f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> =10 - 20 Hz for tetrahydrofuran to f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> =1300 - 1600 Hz for chloroform. We tested the selected set of chemicals vapors on different graphene device samples and alternated different vapors for the same samples. The obtained results indicate that 1/f noise in combination with other sensing parameters can allow one to achieve the selective gas sensing with a single pristine graphene transistor. Our method of gas sensing with graphene does not require graphene surface functionalization or fabrication of an array of the devices with each tuned to a certain chemical. The observation of the Lorentzian components in the vapor-exposed graphene can also help in developing an accurate theoretical description of the noise mechanism in graphene.
Protocols for very high-speed optical fiber local area networks using a passive star topology (1987)

This paper deals with the problem of interconnection of many high-speed bursty traffic users via an optical passive star coupler. Each user can tune its laser over a range of wavelengths, thus resulting in a wavelength division multiplexed communication. The total number of wavelengths over which user tunability exists could be much smaller than the number of users. Therefore, some form of random access sharing and packet switching may be necessary. We propose several protocols that require each user to have a tunable receiver. The information on "where" and "when" to tune the laser is confined to a control (setup) channel that users tune to when in idle mode. An interconnection between two users lasting for the length of a data packet is set up on the control channel by the transmitting user who informs the receiving user where to tune in order to receive the data packet. No centralized control or coordination is required among the users. After analyzing each protocol, we present the throughput/ delay versus the offered traffic and the delay versus throughput in a sequence of plots. We show that in typical applications an average throughput of up to 0.95 can be achieved at a reasonable average delay using one of these protocols. In our benchmark examples we present an optical local area network (LAN) with a total throughput of 100- Gbit/s in which every user has access to a 1-Gbit/s data rate and the network can support over 1000 users. The protocols can be used in a) large LAN's that do not require a large capacity, b) small LAN's (1 kin) that require a large capacity and c) large LAN's (tens of kilometers) that require a rather large capacity.
On The Integration of CT-Derived Features for Accurate Detection of Lung Cancer (2018)

Lung cancer is one of the unsafe maladies that reason enormous disease passing around the world. Early and accurate detection of lung cancer is the main conceivable approach to enhance patients' survival rate. In this paper, we proposes a new framework for pulmonary nodule diagnosis using various features extracted from a single computed tomography (CT) scan. The proposed system fuse texture and shape features to get an accurate diagnosis for the extracted lung nodules. 3D Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and higher-order Markov Gibbs random field (MGRF) models are utilized to model the texture appearance due to their capability to give a precise description for the spatial non-uniformity in the texture of the nodules. Spherical Harmonic expansion and some basic geometric features are utilized to model the shape features due to their capability to give a full description of the shape complexity of the nodules. Finally, all the modeled features are fused and fed to a stacked autoencoder to differentiate between the malignant and benign nodules. Our framework is evaluated using 727 nodules which are selected from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) dataset, and achieved classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.66%, 95.70%, and 90.40% respectively.
Three-dimensional Multi-site Random Access Photostimulation (3D-MAP) (2020)

Abstract Optical control of neural ensemble activity is crucial for understanding brain function and disease, yet no technology can achieve optogenetic control of very large numbers of neurons at extremely fast rate over a large volume. State-of-the-art multiphoton holographic optogenetics requires high power illumination that only addresses relatively small populations of neurons in parallel. Conversely, one-photon holographic techniques can stimulate more neurons with 2-3 orders lower power, but with a trade-off between resolution and addressable volume. Perhaps most problematically, two-photon holographic optogenetic systems are extremely expensive and sophisticated which has precluded their broader adoption in the neuroscience community. To address this technical gap, we introduce a new one-photon light sculpting technique, Three- Dimensional Multi-site random Access Photostimulation (3D-MAP), that overcomes these limitations by modulating light dynamically, both in the spatial and in the angular domain at multi-kHz rates. We use 3D-MAP to interrogate neural circuits in 3D and demonstrate simultaneous photostimulation and imaging of dozens of user-selected neurons in the intact mouse brain in vivo with high spatiotemporal resolution. 3D-MAP could be broadly adopted for high-throughput all-optical interrogation of brain circuits owing to its powerful combination of scale, speed, simplicity, and cost.
Intrathecal injection of HVJ‐E containing HGF gene to cerebrospinal fluid can prevent and ameliorate hearing impairment in rats (2003)

Hearing impairment, which is the most prevalent sensory deficit of human beings, needs a breakthrough in therapeutic technologies. One technology is the usage of a vector system to reach the inner ear, and another is by a therapeutic molecule. Here we developed a novel gene therapy strategy by combining hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) vector. When HVJ-E containing human HGF gene was injected intrathecally into the cerebrospinal fluid via cisterna magna of rats, the vector reached the inner ear region, and human HGF gene expression was detected in the spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) of the inner ear. Expression of endogenous rat HGF and its receptor, c-Met, was also induced in SGCs by human HGF. Kanamycin treatment results in hearing impairment by inducing degeneration of hair cells (HCs) and apoptosis of SGCs in rats. By HGF gene transfer before kanamycin treatment, both loss of HCs and apoptosis of SGCs were prevented. Furthermore, hearing function, evaluated by auditory brainstem response, was maintained at a normal level. When HGF gene transfer was performed 2 wk after kanamycin treatment, hearing impairment was significantly recovered. These results indicate a novel and effective therapeutic strategy against sensorineural hearing impairment.
Color diffusion Error-diffusion for color halftones (1999)

Error Diffusion is a high-performance halftoning method in which quantization errors are diffused to future pixels. Originally intended for grayscale images, it is traditionally extended to color images by Error-Diffusing each of the three color planes independently (separable Error Diffusion). In this paper we show that augmenting the Error Diffusion paradigm with a simple design rule based on certain characteristics of human color perception, results in a novel color halftoning algorithm named Color Diffusion. The output of Color Diffusion is of considerable higher quality compared to separable Error Diffusion. The algorithm presented requires no additional memory and entails a reasonable increase in run-time.
Herpes simplex virus protein kinase U <sub>S</sub> 3 activates and functionally overlaps protein kinase A to block apoptosis (2004)

Herpes simplex virus 1 encodes at least four genes whose functions include blocking apoptosis induced by exogenous agents (e.g., sorbitol, Fas ligand, and BAD protein) or replication-incompetent mutants (e.g., the d120 mutant lacking both copies of the alpha 4 gene). U(S)3, one of these four genes, encodes a serine-threonine kinase that has been demonstrated to block apoptosis induced by proapoptotic cellular proteins or by the d120 mutant. The amino acid context of serine-threonine phosphorylated by U(S)3 is similar to that of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA. We report that (i) the pattern of proteins phosphorylated by U(S)3 in transduced cells or in cells infected with WT virus overlaps that of phosphoproteins targeted by PKA, (ii) activation of PKA blocks apoptosis induced by d120 mutant or by BAD protein independently of U(S)3, (iii) U(S)3 protein kinase phosphorylates peptides containing the serine or threonine targeted by PKA including that present in the regulatory type II alpha subunit of PKA, and (iv) in WT virus-infected cells the regulatory type II alpha subunit is phosphorylated in a U(S)3-dependent manner. We conclude that a major determinant of the antiapoptotic activity of the U(S)3 protein kinase is the phosphorylation of PKA substrates by either or both enzymes.
CLEAR:  A Novel Family of Highly Cross-Linked Polymeric Supports for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> (1996)

Cross-Linked Ethoxylate Acrylate Resin (CLEAR) supports were prepared by radical copolymerization, either in the bulk or suspension mode, of the branched cross-linker trimethylolpropane ethoxylate (14/3 EO/OH) triacrylate (1) with one or more of allylamine (2), 2-aminoethyl methacrylate·HCl (3), poly(ethylene glycol-400) dimethacrylate (4), poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (5), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (6). The resultant highly cross-linked copolymers by the bulk procedures were ground and sieved to particles, whereas the suspension polymerization procedure gave highly cross-linked spherical beaded supports. CLEAR polymeric supports showed excellent swelling properties in an unusually broad range of solvents, including water, alcohols, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and N,N-dimethylformamide. To demonstrate their usefulness for peptide synthesis, CLEAR supports were derivatized with an “internal reference” amino acid [norleucine] and a handle [5-(4-Fmoc-aminomethyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid] and were tested for both batchwise and continuous-flow solid-phase syntheses of challenging peptides such as acyl carrier protein (65-74), retro-acyl carrier protein (74-65), and the 17-peptide human gastrin-I. Comparisons to commercially available supports, e.g., polystyrene, Pepsyn K, Polyhipe, PEG-PS, TentaGel, and PEGA were also carried out. CLEAR supports are entirely stable under standard conditions of peptide synthesis but are in some cases labile to certain strong bases.
High Detectivity Uncooled Thermal Detectors With Resonant Cavity Coupled Absorption in the Long-Wave Infrared (2013)

We describe uncooled thermal detectors with a peak detectivity of at least 3 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> cm √{Hz}/W with spectrally selective absorption in the long-wave infrared. The spectral selectivity in absorption is achieved through resonant cavity coupling of a thin metal film with a low-order air-gap optical cavity. The electrical readout uses thermoelectric thin films with a Johnson noise limited performance. The detectors are of multiple sizes but those with 100- μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area have time constants of 58 ms and thermal conductances of 2.3 ×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> W/K.
A class of full diversity space-time codes (2004)

We propose a new class of space-time trellis codes for 4 transmit antennas. These codes combine set-partitioning and a super set of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes in a systematic way to provide full diversity and improved coding gain. The result is a very powerful non full-rate code that provides full diversity and high coding gain for different number of states and at different rates. Also, it is possible to maintain a tradeoff between coding gain and rate. The decoding complexity of the new codes is very low because the symbols can be decoupled at the decoder. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of our new space-time trellis codes. We provide a study of coding gain and different code examples.
Incomplete reduction in modular arithmetic (2002)

The authors describe a novel method for obtaining fast software implementations of the arithmetic operations in the finite field GF( p) with an arbitrary prime modulus p of arbitrary length. The most important feature of the method is that it avoids bit-level operations which are slow on microprocessors and performs word-level operations which are significantly faster. The proposed method has applications in public-key cryptographic algorithms defined over the finite field GF( p), most notably the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm.
Clastic Reservoir Rock Grain Size Estimation from Wireline Logs Using a Random Forest Model: Initial Results (2020)

Summary Grain size is a key input to various reservoir models. The models require a continuous log of grain size. Core samples are usually not available over the entire reservoir section. The most accurate grain size measurement is obtained from sieve and laser particle size analyses. These methods are expensive. The conventional method, the visual core description, is time-consuming, subjective, and nonreproducible. Alternative methods include the use of empirical equations, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time, and acoustic velocities. These latter methods require inputs that are not sufficiently available, not applicable to different geological settings, or not available for all wells. This paper proposes a new methodology that estimates reservoir rock grain size for a new well or reservoir section from archival core description data and their corresponding wireline logs using machine learning technology. Nine wells from a clastic reservoir are used. Seven wells are combined to build the training set while the remaining two are used for model validation. Three machine learning methods are implemented and trained with optimized parameters. The results showed that, despite the subjectivity and bias associated with the core description data, the machine learning methods are capable of estimating the grain size for the validation wells.