gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DeepCopy: Grounded Response Generation with Hierarchical Pointer Networks (2019)

Recent advances in neural sequence-tosequence models have led to promising results for several language generation-based tasks, including dialogue response generation, summarization, and machine translation. However, these models are known to have several problems, especially in the context of chit-chat based dialogue systems: they tend to generate short and dull responses that are often too generic. Furthermore, these models do not ground conversational responses on knowledge and facts, resulting in turns that are not accurate, informative and engaging for the users. In this paper, we propose and experiment with a series of response generation models that aim to serve in the general scenario where in addition to the dialogue context, relevant unstructured external knowledge in the form of text is also assumed to be available for models to harness. Our proposed approach extends pointer-generator networks We empirically show the effectiveness of the proposed model compared to several baselines including
Built-in self-test for stability measurement of low dropout regulator (2017)

This paper presents a built-in self-test (BIST) system for Low-Dropout Regulators (LDO). Since the LDO is a closed-loop system, stability is a very important but oft-untested parameter for embedded LDOs. The proposed BIST system can measure stability-related parameters by performing cross correlation between an input pattern mimicking noise in the form of Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) and the LDO output. In the proposed BIST system, PRBS is injected at the reference voltage input and a mixed-signal correlator is designed for multiplication and integration at the LDO output. A digital controller is designed to shift the PRBS sequence to enable cross-correlation and generate the required control signals. BIST circuit measures the impulse response in the time domain. LDO stability parameters, such as phase margin, can be calculated based on the impulse response. The proposed LDO BIST and an associated LDO as the design under test (DUT) are designed using GlobalFoundries 40nm process. Post layout simulations are performed in order to verify the functionality and performance of the BIST circuit. Post layout simulations show that the proposed BIST circuit can be used to measure the stability parameter with high accuracy. In addition, the proposed BIST has very low overhead.
Authenticated Byzantine Fault Tolerance Without Public-Key Cryptography (1999)

We have developed a practical state-machine replication algorithm that tolerates Byzantine faults: it works correctly in asynchronous systems like the Internet and it incorporates several optimizations that improve the response time of previous algorithms by more than an order of magnitude. This paper describes the most important of these optimizations. It explains how to modify the base algorithm to eliminate the major performance bottleneck in previous systems --- public-key cryptography. The optimization replaces public-key signatures by vectors of message authentication codes during normal operation, and it overcomes a fundamental limitation on the power of message authentication codes relative to digital signatures --- the inability to prove that a message is authentic to a third party. As a result, authentication is more than two orders of magnitude faster while providing the same level of security. 1 Introduction The growing reliance of industry and government on online inform...
Two-tone frequency-modulation spectroscopy (1986)

A new method for performing high-frequency, visible FM spectroscopy by using low-frequency detection is demonstrated. By using this technique, a detection limit of 323 μTorr m (path length) has been established for atmospheric-pressure-broadened NO2. This corresponds to a differential absorption of 1.0 × 10−5.
Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer Performance of a Zeotropic Refrigerant Mixture in Horizontal Tubes (1996)

In the present study, the condensation and evaporation heat transfer performance of a zeotropic refrigerant mixture (HFC32/HFC125/HFC134a) inside horizontal tubes with smooth, grooved or cross·grooved inner surfaces was investigated experimentally. The cross-gTOoved tube showed the highest heat transfer coefficient for both condensation and evaporation with the zeotropic mixture. Its heat transfer coefficient was nearly three times as high as that of the smooth tube, and 20 to 40% higher than that of the grooved tube. Thus, the cross·grooved tube appears suitable for practical use in heat exchangers using zeotropic mixtures. l.INTRODUCTION In accordance with the regulations introduced at the 7th meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol, there will be a complete phase·out of HCFC22 by the end of 2020. Ternary zeotropic (i.e., non-azeotropic) mixtures are among the probable substitutes for HCFC22 and their heat transfer performance has been investigated by several researchers [1-3]. Goto et. al. have performed experiments on a binary zeotropic mixture (HFC32/HFC125) and reported that the condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients of zeotropic mixtures are both lower than those of HCFC22 regardless of the tube diameter. Ebisu & Torikoshi [2) investigated the heat transfer characteristics of binary (HFC32/HFC134a) and ternary (HFC32/HFC125/BFC134a) refrigerant mixtures with various compositions. They showed that the minimum heat transfer coefficient was attained at 25 to 30 wt% of HFC32 in the binary mixture, and that the heat transfer coefficients for ternary mixtures were lower than the values inteipOlated linearly between the results for HFC32/HFC134a (30/70 wt%) and HFC125. Zhang et. al. [3) theoretically predicted the heat transfer coefficients of the ternary mixture HFC32/HFC125/HFC134a (23/25/52 wt%) inside a smooth tube, and their results agreed with the experimental data within ±30%. Uchida et. al. [4] showed that the condensation heat transfer coefficients of the binary zeotropic mixture HFC32/HFC134a (30/70 wt%) are lower than those of pure refrigerants, especially in internally grooved tubes as compared with smooth ones. The decrease with the grooved tube was as much as 50%, while the smooth tube showed only a moderate drop (30% ). All of these experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the low heat transfer performance of zeotropic refrigerant mixtures, and it appears that special treatment will be required to attain an adequate heat transfer performance if zeotropic refrigerant mixtures are to be used in practical heat exchangers. The condensation and evaporation heat transfer performance of a zeotropic refrigerant mixture HFC32/HFC125/HFC134a (30/10/60 wt%) inside horizontal tubes with smooth, grooved or cross·grooved inner surfaces was
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE INTRODUCTION OF STEROID SIDE CHAINS AT C(17) AND C(20) (1981)

Abstract Et 2 O gibt die Dienole (IIa) bzw. (IIb); unter sonst analogen Bedingungen, aber unter Zugabe von Acetanhydrid liefern (Ia) bzw. (Ic) [zugänglich durch Tosylierung von (Ib)] die Acetate (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb).
Plasma electrolytic oxidation for surface protection of aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys (2011)

Plasma electrolytic oxidation can harden the surface of aluminium to the extent that it enables steel replacement in many applications. On magnesium, the technology offers a chromium-free corrosion protection superior to that offered by hexavalent chromium. Finally, on titanium, the process offers wear protection, an anti-galling surface, and a bio-compatible surface. In all cases, the process offers coating structures and compositions which cannot be achieved by any other techniques.
Improvement of extraction efficiency from a compact synchrotron for proton beam therapy by applying particle tracking analysis (2013)

Various types of synchrotrons are used for particle beam therapy. In particle beam therapy, especially in proton beam therapy, downsizing of the accelerator system is a major concern. A compact synchrotron dedicated for proton beam therapy is presented. The synchrotron is horizontally weakly focusing and consists of 4 H-type zerogradient dipole magnets and 4 quadrupole magnets. The circumference of the ring is a little shorter than 18 m, and the energies are up to 230MeV. Beam extraction from the synchrotron is performed by RF-driven slow extraction technology. Two sextupole magnets set in adjacent straight sections form a horizontal separatrix which is fixed during the beam extraction. Horizontal RF voltage excites betatron oscillation of the circulating beam, and protons exceeding the separatrix are extracted by an electrostatic deflector and a horizontal septum dipole magnet. To achieve adequately high extraction efficiency, the relationship between the extraction efficiency and the horizontal chromaticity of the ring is analyzed by particle tracking simulation. The horizontal chromaticity with maximum extraction efficiency is half of the theoretical value because of the distortion of the horizontal separatrix for the extraction. With this chromaticity, the spiral-step of the extracted particle is independent of the momentum deviation of the particle, and the separatrix across the electrostatic septum electrodes is superpositioned.
High-throughput evolution of near-infrared serotonin nanosensors (2019)

Imaging neuromodulation with synthetic probes is an emerging technology for studying neurotransmission. However, most synthetic probes are developed through conjugation of fluorescent signal transducers to preexisting recognition moieties such as antibodies or receptors. We introduce a generic platform to evolve synthetic molecular recognition on the surface of near-infrared fluorescent single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) signal transducers. We demonstrate evolution of molecular recognition toward neuromodulator serotonin generated from large libraries of ~6.9 × 10<sup>10</sup> unique ssDNA sequences conjugated to SWCNTs. This probe is reversible and produces a ~200% fluorescence enhancement upon exposure to serotonin with a <i>K</i> <sub>d</sub> = 6.3 μM, and shows selective responsivity over serotonin analogs, metabolites, and receptor-targeting drugs. Furthermore, this probe remains responsive and reversible upon repeat exposure to exogenous serotonin in the extracellular space of acute brain slices. Our results suggest that evolution of nanosensors could be generically implemented to develop other neuromodulator probes with synthetic molecular recognition.
Reduction/Suppression of VIV of Circular Cylinders Through Roughness Distribution at 8×103 &lt; Re &lt; 1.5×105 (2008)

Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder in a steady flow is reduced using distributed surface roughness. VIV reduction is needed in numerous applications where VIV is destructive. Roughness is distributed to the surface of the cylinder in the form of sandpaper strips to achieve three goals: (1) Trip separation in a controlled manner so that some uncertainties are removed and the flow becomes more predictable. (2) Reduce spanwise correlation, which is strongly linked to VIV. (3) Select roughness grit size to achieve the first goal without energizing too much the boundary layer, which would induce higher vorticity and circulation, and consequently lift. Our experiments show that it is possible to reduce VIV amplitude and synchronization range. More tests are needed to achieve full suppression. Our experiments are conducted in the TrSL2 and TrSL3 flow regimes.
Enhanced electrical conductivity of polydiacetylene crystals by chemical doping and ion implantation (1986)

The conductivity enhancement in polydiacetylene (PDA) crystals due to chemical doping and ion implantation was measured and analyzed in relation to their spin concentration and photocurrent decay based on the structural and optical information obtained through infrared and visible reflectivity spectra. A conductivity jump was observed upon slight increase of the spin concentration at low doping levels of chemically doped PDAs, suggesting the formation of spinless carriers in chemically doped PDAs, as in trans-polyacetylene and poly(p-phenylene). In contrast, in ion-implanted samples, a great difference in the magnitudes (by more than five orders of magnitude) was observed between the conductivity enhancement for two PDAs having different side chain species. Furthermore, the photocurrent decay time measurements reveal different distributions of implantation-induced trap levels between ion-implanted poly [2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol-bis-(p-toluene sulfonate)] (PTS) and poly[2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-di(N-carbazolyl)] (DCH). A conduction mechanism which could explain the significant difference in conductivity enhancement between PTS and DCH is suggested. Because the enhanced conductivity by ion-implanted PTS showed no orientational effect associated with the polymer chain direction, a conductive path and network formation by the implantation-induced defects is more plausible for the conduction mechanism than carrier introduction into the backbone chain band from side chain defect levels.
Adaptive Long-Range Prediction of Mobile Fading (2006)

Long-range prediction of fading in mobile systems is the key element for many fading-compensation techniques. A linear approach, which is usually used to model the time evolution of the fading process, does not perform well for long-range prediction. In this article, we propose an adaptive channel prediction algorithm by using a novel state-space model for the fading process. Our simulations show that this algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional linear method, for both stationary and non-stationary fading processes, especially for long-range predictions
Extending the p-cycle concept to path-segment protection (2004)

This work introduces a significant extension to the method p-cycles for network protection. The main advance is the generalization of the p-cycle concept to protect multi-span segments of contiguous working flow, not only spans that lie on the cycle or directly straddle the p-cycle. This effectively extends the p-cycle technique to include path protection or protection of any flow segment along a path as well as the original span protection use of p-cycles. It also gives an inherent means of transit flow protection against node loss. We develop a capacity optimization model for the new scheme and compare it to prior p-cycle designs and other types of efficient mesh-survivable networks. Results show that path-segment-protecting p-cycles have capacity efficiency near that of a path-restorable network is to suggest the use of flow p-cycles to protect transparent optical express flows through a regional network.
Comparison of fusion phage libraries displaying V <sub>H</sub> or single-chain Fv antibody fragments derived from the antibody repertoire of a vaccinated melanoma patient as a source of melanoma-specific targeting molecules (1997)

A single-chain Fv (scFv) fusion phage library derived from random combinations of VH and VL (variable heavy and light chains) domains in the antibody repertoire of a vaccinated melanoma patient was previously used to isolate clones that bind specifically to melanoma cells. An unexpected finding was that one of the clones encoded a truncated scFv molecule with most of the VL domain deleted, indicating that a VH domain alone can exhibit tumor-specific binding. In this report a VH fusion phage library containing VH domains unassociated with VL domains was compared with a scFv fusion phage library as a source of melanoma-specific clones; both libraries contained the same VH domains from the vaccinated melanoma patient. The results demonstrate that the clones can be isolated from both libraries, and that both libraries should be used to optimize the chance of isolating clones binding to different epitopes. Although this strategy has been tested only for melanoma, it is also applicable to other cancers. Because of their small size, human origin and specificity for cell surface tumor antigens, the VH and scFv molecules have significant advantages as tumor-targeting molecules for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and can also serve as probes for identifying the cognate tumor antigens.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITORS OF PHENYLETHANOLAMINE N‐METHYLTRANSFERASE AND EPINEPHRINE BIOSYNTHESIS. 3. BIS(TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE)S (1981)

Abstract Das Dichlortetrahydroisochinolin (I) wird zu den Derivaten (II) alkyliert.
High-resolution mapping of DNA polymerase fidelity using nucleotide imbalances and next-generation sequencing (2018)

DNA polymerase fidelity is affected by both intrinsic properties and environmental conditions. Current strategies for measuring DNA polymerase error rate in vitro are constrained by low error subtype sensitivity, poor scalability, and lack of flexibility in types of sequence contexts that can be tested. We have developed the Magnification via Nucleotide Imbalance Fidelity (MagNIFi) assay, a scalable next-generation sequencing assay that uses a biased deoxynucleotide pool to quantitatively shift error rates into a range where errors are frequent and hence measurement is robust, while still allowing for accurate mapping to error rates under typical conditions. This assay is compatible with a wide range of fidelity-modulating conditions, and enables high-throughput analysis of sequence context effects on base substitution and single nucleotide deletion fidelity using a built-in template library. We validate this assay by comparing to previously established fidelity metrics, and use it to investigate neighboring sequence-mediated effects on fidelity for several DNA polymerases. Through these demonstrations, we establish the MagNIFi assay for robust, high-throughput analysis of DNA polymerase fidelity.
Prediction of metabolic reactions based on atomic and molecular properties of small-molecule compounds (2011)

The classifiers presented here can be used to predict reactions via a web site (http://cellsignaling.lanl.gov/Reactivity/). The web site is freely available.
Remote triggered solar energy assessment using a Pyrheliometer and a Pyranometer (2017)

Solar energy can be best harnessed by obtaining accurate values of solar radiation intensity for a given location. This work describes the design and implementation of a novel dual axis tracking system, costing a fraction of an equivalent product on the market, which has been developed to measure, remotely analyze, and assess the solar radiation potential using two pyranometers and a pyrheliometer. The three components of the solar irradiance: direct horizontal (DHI), global horizontal (GHI), and direct normal (DNI), can be individually determined with the device. The mounting and tracking mechanism accommodating the pyrheliometer and pyranometers sensors is designed to rotate in both the elevation and azimuth axes, with the tracking position calculated using the SUNAE algorithm. A shading eye is used to separate the DHI from the GHI. The tracking system is implemented in an online remote trigger virtual labs experiment which can be accessed over the internet.
Anti-CCR4 antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity by modulating tumor-infiltrating Tregs in an ovarian cancer xenograft animal model (VAC12P.1121) (2015)

Abstract Recent experimental and clinical data demonstrate that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are recruited to the tumor site where they can suppress tumor-specific immunity. Increasing evidence indicates that Treg recruitment to the tumor is mediated by the production of chemokine CCL22, a ligand of chemokine receptor CCR4, by tumor cells and tumor resident macrophages. Therefore, blocking Treg migration and function through CCL22/CCR4 axis may have therapeutic value in cancer treatment. With a mouse model bearing CCL22-secreting ovarian xenograft and tumor-specific T cells, we assessed the therapeutic effect of human anti-CCR4 antibody mAb2-3 to block or modulate immunological axes involved in tumor immune evasion. CCR4 expression was demonstrated at a high level on functional CD4+CD25+ Tregs and T cell proliferation was restored by removal of CCR4+ Tregs in vitro. In vivo examinations showed isotyping of mAb2-3 had marked effects on its mode of action: mAb2-3 IgG1 results in Treg depletion whereas IgG4 blocks in vivo chemotactic migration to CCL22-secreting ovarian cancer (OVC) cells without Treg depletion. The mAb2-3-treated mice bearing OVC xenograft and tumor-primed T cells showed the ability to inhibit Treg recruitment and resulted in potent anti-tumor immunity. The results revealed that depletion of Tregs and blockade of Treg recruitment through mAb2-3 IgG1 and IgG4, respectively, could reverse Treg suppression and improve cellular immunity against tumors.
Cloning and characterization of a protective outer membrane lipoprotein of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 (1995)

The gene encoding an outer membrane lipoprotein (omlA) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was cloned, and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. One open reading frame of 1,104 bp was detected that encoded a protein (OmlA) with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. A comparison with the omlA gene and the corresponding protein of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (G.-F. Gerlach, C. Anderson, S. Klashinsky, A. Rossi-Kampos, A.A. Potter, and P.J. Wilson, Infect. Immun. 61:565-572, 1993) revealed that the nucleic acid sequences had an overall sequence identity of 62.9% and the deduced amino acid sequences showed a sequence agreement of 57.3%. Both proteins were antigenically distinct. In a Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using a specific antiserum against A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 OmlA, a homologous protein was detected in the reference strains of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 5A, 5B, and 10. Pigs immunized with this recombinant protein were protected from death in an aerosol challenge experiment with an A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 isolate.
Cannabidiol efficacy independent of clobazam: Meta‐analysis of four randomized controlled trials (2020)

These results indicate CBD is efficacious with and without CLB, but do not exclude the possibility of a synergistic effect associated with the combination of agents. The safety and tolerability profile of CBD without CLB show a lower rate of certain AEs than with CLB.
Detection, Attribution and Localization of GAN Generated Images (2021)

Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have led to the creation of realistic-looking digital images that pose a major challenge to their detection by humans or computers.GANs are used in a wide range of tasks, from modifying small attributes of an image (StarGAN [14]), transferring attributes between image pairs (CycleGAN [91]), as well as generating entirely new images (ProGAN [36], StyleGAN [37], SPADE/GauGAN [64]).In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect, attribute and localize GAN generated images that combines image features with deep learning methods.For every image, co-occurrence matrices are computed on neighborhood pixels of RGB channels in different directions (horizontal, vertical and diagonal).A deep learning network is then trained on these features to detect, attribute and localize these GAN generated/manipulated images.A large scale evaluation of our approach on 5 GAN datasets comprising over 2.76 million images (ProGAN, StarGAN, CycleGAN, StyleGAN and SPADE/GauGAN) shows promising results in detecting GAN generated images.