gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms of cardiac presynaptic α <sub>2C</sub> adrenergic receptors: Diverse intragenic variability with haplotype-specific functional effects (2004)

The presynaptic alpha2C adrenergic receptors (AR) act to inhibit norepinephrine release in cardiac and other presynaptic nerves. We have recently shown that a genetic variant in the alpha2CAR coding region (Del322-325), which renders the receptor partially uncoupled from Gi, is a risk factor for heart failure. However, variability of heart failure phenotypes and a dominance of Del322-325 in those of African descent led us to hypothesize that other regions of this gene have functional polymorphisms. In a multiethnic population, we found 20 polymorphisms within 4,625 bp of contiguous sequence of this intronless gene encompassing the promoter, 5' UTR, coding, and 3' UTR. These polymorphisms occur in 24 distinct haplotypes with complex organizations, including multiple 5'-upstream polymorphisms in regions known to direct expression, a 3' UTR substitution polymorphism within an insertion/deletion sequence, and the radical coding polymorphism that deletes four amino acids. Relatively low linkage disequilibrium between many polymorphisms, few cosmopolitan haplotypes, prevalent ethnic-specific haplotypes, and substantial genetic divergence among haplotypes was noted. The dysfunctional Del322-325 allele was partitioned into multiple haplotypes, with frequencies of 48% to 2%. The functional implications of the haplotypes were ascertained by whole-gene transfections of human neuronal cells, where haplotype was significantly related (P < 0.001) to expression levels of receptor transcript and protein. Expression varied by as much as approximately 50% by haplotype, and such studies enabled haplotype clustering by phenotypic, rather than genotypic, similarities. Thus, depending on phenotype, expression-specific haplotypes may amplify, attenuate, or dominate the cardiomyopathic effect attributed to the alpha2CDel322-325 marker.
The Integral Membrane Protein SEN1 is Required for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Lotus japonicus Nodules (2011)

Legume plants establish a symbiotic association with bacteria called rhizobia, resulting in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. A Lotus japonicus symbiotic mutant, sen1, forms nodules that are infected by rhizobia but that do not fix nitrogen. Here, we report molecular identification of the causal gene, SEN1, by map-based cloning. The SEN1 gene encodes an integral membrane protein homologous to Glycine max nodulin-21, and also to CCC1, a vacuolar iron/manganese transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and VIT1, a vacuolar iron transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the SEN1 gene was detected exclusively in nodule-infected cells and increased during nodule development. Nif gene expression as well as the presence of nitrogenase proteins was detected in rhizobia from sen1 nodules, although the levels of expression were low compared with those from wild-type nodules. Microscopic observations revealed that symbiosome and/or bacteroid differentiation are impaired in the sen1 nodules even at a very early stage of nodule development. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SEN1 belongs to a protein clade specific to legumes. These results indicate that SEN1 is essential for nitrogen fixation activity and symbiosome/bacteroid differentiation in legume nodules.
Nanocomposite Membranes for CO<sub>2</sub> Separations:  Silica/Brominated Poly(phenylene oxide) (2007)

Silica-impregnated, brominated PPO [poly(phenylene oxide)] (BPPO) membranes exhibit enhanced CO2 permeability relative to pure BPPO membranes due to higher gas solubility and especially higher gas diffusivity. Among the three silica sizes (2, 10, and 30 nm) characterized in this work, the 10 nm silica is found to result in the highest gas permeability, about 5 times higher than that of the pure BPPO membranes. These permeability enhancements do not cause an appreciable loss of selectivity, which remains essentially unchanged, for example, about 21 for the CO2/N2 separation and about 15 for the CO2/CH4 separation. The permeability increases with increasing silica content, which, however, cannot exceed about 0.35 silica/BPPO weight ratio due to a substantial increase in brittleness.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae NAAT ? a problem down under (2007)

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are used worldwide for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, either in conjunction with or in place of traditional bacterial culture techniques. There are numerous advantages of gonococcal NAATs, including increased sensitivity, that a viable organism is not needed for detection, and they can be used effectively on non-invasive specimens such as urine and self-collected specimens. For these reasons, NAATs have been particularly useful for patients in remote regions of Australia where sexual health services may not be available and where religious or cultural restrictions otherwise restrict opportunities for specimen collection. Australian studies have been at the forefront of investigating the use of self-collected NAAT specimens and particularly successful at introducing the use of tampon self-collected specimens in remote populations of Indigenous Australians.
A new stiffness decoupler for the protection of structures from seismic hazards (1995)

The theory, description of hardware and application of a new stiffness decoupler for seismic isolation of structures and equipment is presented. The low structural responses desired for structures subjected to various seismic accelerations are shown by numerically simulated time-history diagrams for a typical structure, and illustrated by experimental results obtained from a small scaled model. The applicability, safety, durability, cost effectiveness and dynamic behavior of the device in severe earthquakes are discussed.
Visibility threshold of compressed stereoscopic image: effects of asymmetrical coding (2012)

Existing perceptual researches on stereoscopic image mainly focus on proving the effectiveness of binocular suppression theory in reducing bandwidth during asymmetrical coding. However, they care little about the threshold below which the phenomena exist. To determine the threshold as visible in the asymmetrical stereoscopic image coding, the relationship between visibility threshold and coding parameter or objective quality under practical viewing conditions is investigated in this paper. Perceptual experiments are designed by using the paired comparison methods. Experimental results show that the visible threshold is dependent on stereoscopic image content, coding parameter and objective quality of the left (dominant) view in asymmetrical stereoscopic image coding. Furthermore, we model the visible threshold as a linear function of the quantisation parameter of the left (dominant) view for asymmetrical coding. Then based on the model, we build a looking-up table for practical coding. The concise linear model can serve as an upper bound for controlling perceived quality of asymmetrical coding.
Delusional boot (2012)

The set of virtual devices offered by a hypervisor to its guest VMs is a virtualization component ripe with security exploits -- more than half of all vulnerabilities of today's hypervisors are found in this codebase. This paper presents Min-V, a hypervisor that disables all virtual devices not critical to running VMs in the cloud. Of the remaining devices, Min-V takes a step further and eliminates all remaining functionality not needed for the cloud.
Spatial surface prior information reflectance estimation (spire) algorithms (2003)

A new set of algorithms has been developed to estimate spectral reflectance in remote sensing imagery. These algorithms are called surface prior information reflectance estimation (SPIRE) algorithms and estimate surface spectral reflectance using prior spatial and spectral information about the surface reflectance. This paper describes SPIRE algorithms that employ spatial processing of single-channel data to estimate local changes in spectral reflectance under spatially and spectrally varying multiplicative and additive noise caused by variations in illumination and atmospheric effects. Rather than modeling the physics of the atmosphere and illumination (using a physics-based code such as the Atmospheric Removal (ATREM) program), or using ground truth spectra at known locations to compensate for these effects [using the empirical line method (ELM)], prior information about the low spatial frequency content of the scene in each spectral channel is used instead. HYDICE visible near-infrared shortwave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) hyperspectral data were used to compare the performance of SPIRE, ATREM, and ELM atmospheric compensation algorithms. The spatial SPIRE algorithm performance was found to be nearly identical to the ELM ground-truth-based results, while spatial SPIRE performed better than ATREM overall and significantly better under high clouds and haze.
Improved 2‐nitrobenzenesulfenyl method: optimization of the protocol and improved enrichment for labeled peptides (2005)

We have developed the NBS (2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl) method, a quantitative proteome analysis method utilizing stable isotope labeling followed by mass spectrometry. The potential of this method was reported previously, and the procedure has now been further optimized. Here, we describe a procedure utilizing urea or guanidine hydrochloride as a protein denaturant, in conjunction with an improved chromatographic enrichment method for the NBS-labeled peptides using a phenyl resin column. By using this new protocol, both sample loss throughout the protocol and the elution of unwanted unlabeled peptides can be minimized, improving the efficiency of the analysis significantly.
Optimized multiplexing super resolution imaging based on a Fourier ptychographic microscope (2015)

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a recently developed super-resolution technique by using angularly varying illumination and a phase retrieval algorithm to surpass the diffraction limit of the objective lens. To be specific, FP captures a set of low-resolution (LR) images under angularly varying illuminations, and combines them into one high-resolution (HR) image in the Fourier domain. However, the long capturing process becomes an obvious limitation since there are large number of images need to be acquired. Furthermore, the time can be increased several times over in order to acquire high-dynamic range images. Utilizing the multiplexing principle, we propose an optimized multiplexing FP algorithm, which is highly efficient, to shorten the exposure time of each raw image in this work. High acquisition efficiency is achieved by employing two set of optimized multiplexing patterns for bright-field and dark-field imaging respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that this method could improve the quality of reconstructed HR intensity distributions in a faster measuring process.
Ion trap mass spectrometry of externally generated ions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon trap mass spectrometry of externally generated ionsScott A. McLuckey, Gary J. Van Berkel, Douglas E. Goeringer, and Gary L. GlishCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 13, 689A–696APublication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00085a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00085a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Compatibility of quantum key distribution with optical networking</title> (2005)

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an emerging technology for secure distribution of keys between users linked by free-space or fiber optic transmission facilities. QKD has usually been designed for and operated over dedicated point-to-point links. However, the commercial world has been developing increasingly sophisticated fiber networks, with basic networking functions such as routing and multiplexing performed in the optical domain. One of the most important practical questions for the future of QKD is to what extent it can benefit from these trends, either to expand the capabilities of dedicated quantum networks, or to avoid the need for dedicated networks by combining quantum and conventional optical signals onto a single infrastructure. In this paper, we report on systematic investigations of these issues using a 1310-nm weak-coherent, phase-encoded B92 prototype QKD system developed by Los Alamos that includes the implementation of error correction, privacy amplification, and authentication. We have demonstrated reconfigurability of QKD networks via optical switching and successful QKD operation in the presence of amplified DWDM signals over 10 km of fiber. We have identified anti-Stokes Raman scattering of the DWDM signals in the fiber as a dominant transmission impairment for QKD, and developed filtering architectures to extend transmission distances to at least 25 km. We have also measured noise backgrounds and polarization variations in network fibers to understand applicability to real-world networks. We will discuss the implications of our results for the choice of QKD wavelengths, wavelength-spacing between QKD and conventional channels, and QKD network architectures.
Low-Complexity Multisampling Multiuser Detector for Time-Hopping UWB Systems (2009)

Multiple access interference (MAI) in time hopping (TH) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems is known to be non-Gaussian. Much previous research in TH-UWB receiver design has attempted to propose better single-user UWB detectors by introducing more accurate models for the distribution of the MAI. Recently, it was shown that some of the single-user receivers track closely the optimum achievable single-user performance. Although, these receivers are simple, all suffer from error rate floors, and hence limited user capacity. Multiuser detection (MUD) is considered for offering high performance at the cost of complexity that grows exponentially with the number of users. Thought to be too complex for low-cost UWB receivers, MUD applied in TH-UWB systems benefits from the low duty cycle implying that the number of effective interfering users is small compared to the number of active users. A novel low-complexity multisampling multiuser detector inspired by the inferiority of single-user receivers and the small number of effective interfering users in TH-UWB systems is proposed. Simulation results show that this detector achieves the performance of the conventional matched filter receiver operating in a single-user system.
Hessian-based robust ray-tracing of implicit surfaces on GPU (2018)

In recent years, the Ray Tracing of Implicit Surfaces on a GPU has been studied by many researchers. However, the existing methods have challenges that mainly includes solving for self-intersecting surfaces. General solutions for Ray Tracing suffer from the problem of false roots, and robust solutions are hard to generalize. In this paper, we present a robust algorithm based on Extended Taylor-Test Adaptive Marching Points, which allows a robust rendering of Self-Intersecting Implicit Surfaces on a GPU. We are using the Second Order Taylor Series expansion to alleviate the problem of double-roots in Self-Intersecting Implicit Surfaces. Our approach is simple to implement and is based on the Hessian Matrix of the Implicit Surface that can be attributed to the Hessian Matrix can be used to obtain second-order Taylor Series expansion for the univariate ray-equation. We compare our results using the simulated ground-truth with the smallest step-size possible with the proposed algorithm, and our proposed algorithm gives the best visual results as well as highest SSIM percentage than other approaches.
Secure Outsourced Matrix Computation and Application to Neural Networks. (2018)

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a powerful cryptographic primitive to address privacy and security issues in outsourcing computation on sensitive data to an untrusted computation environment. Comparing to secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC), HE has advantages in supporting non-interactive operations and saving on communication costs. However, it has not come up with an optimal solution for modern learning frameworks, partially due to a lack of efficient matrix computation mechanisms. In this work, we present a practical solution to encrypt a matrix homomorphically and perform arithmetic operations on encrypted matrices. Our solution includes a novel matrix encoding method and an efficient evaluation strategy for basic matrix operations such as addition, multiplication, and transposition. We also explain how to encrypt more than one matrix in a single ciphertext, yielding better amortized performance. Our solution is generic in the sense that it can be applied to most of the existing HE schemes. It also achieves reasonable performance for practical use; for example, our implementation takes 9.21 seconds to multiply two encrypted square matrices of order 64 and 2.56 seconds to transpose a square matrix of order 64. Our secure matrix computation mechanism has a wide applicability to our new framework EDM, which stands for encrypted data and encrypted model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that supports secure evaluation of the prediction phase based on both encrypted data and encrypted model, whereas previous work only supported applying a plain model to encrypted data. As a benchmark, we report an experimental result to classify handwritten images using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our implementation on the MNIST dataset takes 28.59 seconds to compute ten likelihoods of 64 input images simultaneously, yielding an amortized rate of 0.45 seconds per image.
Motion-compensated PET image reconstruction with respiratory-matched attenuation correction using two low-dose inhale and exhale CT images (2013)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used for diagnosis and follow up assessment of radiotherapy. However, thoracic and abdominal PET suffers from false staging and incorrect quantification of the radioactive uptake of lesion(s) due to respiratory motion. Furthermore, respiratory motion-induced mismatch between a computed tomography (CT) attenuation map and PET data often leads to significant artifacts in the reconstructed PET image. To solve these problems, we propose a unified framework for respiratory-matched attenuation correction and motion compensation of respiratory-gated PET. For the attenuation correction, the proposed algorithm manipulates a 4D CT image virtually generated from two low-dose inhale and exhale CT images, rather than a real 4D CT image which significantly increases the radiation burden on a patient. It also utilizes CT-driven motion fields for motion compensation. To realize the proposed algorithm, we propose an improved region-based approach for non-rigid registration between body CT images, and we suggest a selection scheme of 3D CT images that are respiratory-matched to each respiratory-gated sinogram. In this work, the proposed algorithm was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by using patient datasets including lung and/or liver lesion(s). Experimental results show that the method can provide much clearer organ boundaries and more accurate lesion information than existing algorithms by utilizing two low-dose CT images.
Direct field orientation controller using the stator phase voltage third harmonic (1994)

This paper presents the development and implementation of a direct field orientation controller (DFOC) for induction machines based on determination of the spatial position of the air gap flux from the third harmonic component of the stator phase voltages. The control utilizes spatial saturation harmonic components rotating at synchronous frequency that are generated in the air gap flux when the machine operates in a saturated condition. When the machine is wye connected, the sum of the three phase voltages results in a signal dominated by the third harmonic and a high frequency component due to the rotor slot ripple. It is shown that the third harmonic voltage component can be effectively used to estimate both amplitude and position of the air gap flux. Two methods for estimation of the air gap flux from the third harmonic voltage are discussed in the paper. A complete induction motor direct field orientation control is designed and implemented in the laboratory. Extensive experimental results showing the DFOC drive system performance are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facile Dehydrogenation of Ethane on the IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) Surface (2018)

Realizing the efficient and selective conversion of ethane to ethylene is important for improving the utilization of hydrocarbon resources, yet remains a major challenge in catalysis. Herein, ethane dehydrogenation on the IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) surface is investigated using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that ethane forms strongly bound σ-complexes on IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) and that a large fraction of the complexes undergo C-H bond cleavage during TPRS at temperatures below 200 K. Continued heating causes as much as 40% of the dissociated ethane to dehydrogenate and desorb as ethylene near 350 K, with the remainder oxidizing to CO<sub>x</sub> species. Both TPRS and DFT show that ethylene desorption is the rate-controlling step in the conversion of ethane to ethylene on IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) during TPRS. Partial hydrogenation of the IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) surface is found to enhance ethylene production from ethane while suppressing oxidation to CO<sub>x</sub> species. DFT predicts that hydrogenation of reactive oxygen atoms of the IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) surface effectively deactivates these sites as H atom acceptors, and causes ethylene desorption to become favored over further dehydrogenation and oxidation of ethane-derived species. The study reveals that IrO<sub>2</sub>(110) exhibits an exceptional ability to promote ethane dehydrogenation to ethylene near room temperature, and provides molecular-level insights for understanding how surface properties influence selectivity toward ethylene production.