gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DRWA: A Receiver-Centric Solution to Bufferbloat in Cellular Networks (2015)

The problem of overbuffering in the current Internet (termed as bufferbloat) has drawn the attention of the research community in recent years. Cellular networks keep large buffers at base stations to smooth out the bursty data traffic over the time-varying channels and are hence apt to bufferbloat. However, despite their growing importance due to the boom of smart phones, we still lack a comprehensive study of bufferbloat in cellular networks and its impact on TCP performance. In this paper, we conducted extensive measurement of the 3G/4G networks of the four major U.S. carriers and the largest carrier in Korea. We revealed the severity of bufferbloat in current cellular networks and discovered some ad-hoc tricks adopted by smart phone vendors, which mitigate the impact of bufferbloat but result in performance degradation under various practical scenarios. To address the problem, we propose dynamic receiver window adjustment (DRWA) that requires slight TCP modification only in smart phones, thus guarantees quick deployment via over-the-air updates. Our extensive real-world tests confirm that DRWA reduces the latency of TCP flows by 25-49 percent and increase TCP throughput by up to 51 percent in certain scenarios. It is further verified that DRWA has significant effect on the latency of Voice-over-IP traffic and on the traffic going through TCP split scenarios with performance enhancing proxy.
New anthracycline antibiotics, auramycins and sulfurmycins. II. Isolation and characterization of 10 minor components (C-G). (1982)

Following the discovery of new anthracycline antibiotics, auramycins A and B and sulfurmycins A and B, we found 10 minor analogues of auramycins and sulfurmycins, C, D, E, F and G, from the culture broth of a mutant strain of Streptomyces galilaeus OBB-111 and prepared 2 analogues as the chemical derivatives from auramycin G and sulfurmycin G. All analogues have a sugar moiety at C-7 position of the aglycones. These analogues exhibit activities against Gram-positive bacteria and P388 leukemia.
Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of New Bipyridine and Bipyrimidine Gold (III) Dithiocarbamate Derivatives (2019)

We synthesized eight new bipyridine and bipyrimidine gold (III) dithiocarbamate-containing complexes (<b>C1</b>-<b>C8)</b> and tested them in a panel of human cancer cell lines. We used osteosarcoma (MG-63), lung (A549), prostate (PC3 and DU145), breast (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780 and A2780cis, cisplatin- and doxorubicin-resistant), and cervical (ME-180 and R-ME-180, cisplatin resistant) cancer cell lines. We found that <b>C2</b>, <b>C3</b>, <b>C6</b>, and <b>C7</b> were more cytotoxic than cisplatin in all cell lines tested and overcame cisplatin and doxorubicin resistance in A2780cis and R-ME-180 cells. In the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, the gold (III) complex <b>C6</b> ([Au₂(BPM)(DMDTC)₂]Cl₄) induced apoptosis and double-stranded DNA breaks, modified cell cycle phases, increased Reactive Oxigen Species (ROS) generation, and reduced thioredoxin reductase and proteasome activities. It inhibited PC3 cell migration and was more cytotoxic against PC3 cells than normal human adipose-derived stromal cells. In mice bearing PC3 tumor xenografts, <b>C6</b> reduced tumor growth by more than 70% without causing weight loss. Altogether, our results demonstrate the anticancer activity of these new gold (III) complexes and support the potential of <b>C6</b> as a new agent for prostate cancer treatment.
Association of breed and histopathological grade in canine mast cell tumours (2016)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between breed and the histopathological grade of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). A retrospective survey of pathology data of 9375 histopathologically confirmed diagnoses of cutaneous MCTs in the US was evaluated in the context of breed prevalence in over two million registered purebred dogs. Association of histopathological grade with breed, age, sex and spay/neuter status was assessed. The data indicate that the proportion of high-grade tumours increases with advancing age, and that male and intact dogs have increased odds of developing high-grade tumours. A significant difference in the proportion of high-grade tumours between breeds was detected. The Pug was at significantly increased risk of developing low/intermediate-grade tumours, but not high-grade tumours, resulting in preponderance of less aggressive MCTs in this breed. The results of this study suggest a genetic association for the development of high-grade MCTs.
A Review: Methods To Fabricate Vertically Oriented Metal Nanowire Arrays (2017)

Nanowires can be described as one-dimensional-like structures: elongated solids with two dimensions thinner than about a micrometer. They allow the study of novel physical phenomena and have many technological applications, including capture and storage of energy, thermal transport, and sensing. These applications often use arrays of nanowires on flat surfaces, and sometimes specifically require the nanowires to be vertically oriented rather than randomly oriented, arranged in lithographically ordered arrays rather than randomly distributed, or both. In addition, the nanowires’ height, diameter, cross-sectional shape, and the array pitch often must be controlled. Methods exist to exercise much of this control over insulating and semiconducting nanowires, but less control has been demonstrated for metal nanowire fabrication. Here, we review methods published for the fabrication of metal nanowires, and highlight areas in need of further development. Microwire fabrication is discussed in the context of methods that show promise for adaptation to nanowires.
Row–column parallel turbo decoding of product codes (2006)

A row–column parallel architecture of a turbo decoder dedicated to product codes is presented. This architecture enables simultaneous decoding of the row and the column of a block. The performance of the proposed row–column parallel turbo decoder is similar to that of a conventional turbo decoder. However, this new architecture reduces the decoding latency by a factor of two. Moreover, the memory necessary for the block reconstruction between row decoding and column decoding is removed.
Transient stability assessment of industrial power systems with detailed models implementation (2011)

This paper presents a brief summary of issues on industrial customer's electrical power systems and an approach to analyze the transient behavior of a system with the group of self-generators, substations and many induction motors. Power oscillations and voltage recovery performance after some contingencies are recognized as typical issues on customer's systems. The strong nonlinearity caused by the complicated system configuration falls into difficulties of the proper evaluation of the transient state. Power system analysis is an effective countermeasure for these issues, however, there are some problems on the modeling of each component for better assessment of inherent phenomena. In this paper, required models especially for the complicated governor system for the assessment of the dynamical process are discussed. These models are consistently implemented on the MATLAB/Simulink environment with object oriented configuration. Static and dynamic characteristics of the real power system of a petrochemical plant are investigated as an example.
Randomised Clinical Trial Investigating the Specificity of a Novel Skin Test (C-Tb) for Diagnosis of M. tuberculosis Infection (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01033929 and NCT01241188.
Formulation and clinical investigation of optimized vinpocetine lyoplant-tabs: new strategy in development of buccal solid dosage form (2018)

These VPN lyoplant-tabs containing lyophilized PVP-VA64-VPN binary system can be considered as an alternative to currently available marketed tablets; however, further preclinical investigations using large number of volunteers are required.
Association of familial disease status with inferior treatment outcome in patients with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. (2011)

8073 Background: Previous studies by us and others support a familial predisposition in certain patients with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM). The incidence, as well as clinical implications for familial WM disease need to be clarified. Methods: We sought to delineate the relative incidence of familial and sporadic WM in a large population of WM patients, as well as treatment outcomes resulting from the presence of familial disease. As part of these efforts, we examined the impact of familial disease status on a well defined WM patient population whose treatment outcome was previously reported, and who were rituximab-naïve, and received a rituximab containing regimen. WM patients with familial disease were defined as those individuals who had a first or second degree relative with a B-cell disorder. Results: Among 924 consecutive patients seen at our center, 254 (27.4%) reported having a first or second degree relative with a B-cell disorder, including 45 (4.9%) patients with > 1 case of WM in their family. One-hundred-thirty-five patients were rituximab-naïve, and received a rituximab containing regimen with either cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, IMID, or bortezomib. Of these patients, 36 (26.7%) and 99 (73.3%) had familial and sporadic WM disease, respectively. No differences in age, baseline IgM, hemoglobin, platelet count, serum B2M, WM IPSS score, or treatment regimen received was observed amog these patients. Overall (74.8% vs. 55.6%; p=0.032) and CR/VGPR (23.2% vs. 16.7%; p<0.0001) responses, time to progression (45.5 vs. 21 months; p=0.015), as well as time to next therapy (50.0 vs. 33.0 months; p=0.024) were greater among sporadic versus familial WM patients. Conclusions: Familial predisposition is common in WM, and associated with an inferior treatment outcome. Prospective studies examining the impact of familial disease status on treatment outcome in WM are warranted.
A methodology for the analysis of the preneoplastic antigen (1984)

A highly sensitive assay for the epoxide hydrolase activity associated with the preneoplastic antigen (PNA) has been developed based on the synthesis of cis-stilbene oxide labeled with tritium at approximately 15 Ci/mmol. This assay allows the detection of elevated epoxide hydrolase activity in the serum of humans and rodents as well as in the culture medium bathing isolated hepatocytes. The integrity of the enzymatic assay was confirmed in rodents by precipitating the serum PNA activity using an antibody raised against the rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Methodology for the detection of PNA in serum will facilitate evaluation of this antigen as a marker for hepatic neoplasia in man and in experimental animals.
Saliency Driven Perceptual Image Compression (2020)

This paper proposes a new end-to-end trainable model for lossy image compression, which includes several novel components. The method incorporates 1) an adequate perceptual similarity metric; 2) saliency in the images; 3) a hierarchical auto-regressive model. This paper demonstrates that the popularly used evaluations metrics such as MS-SSIM and PSNR are inadequate for judging the performance of image compression techniques as they do not align with the human perception of similarity. Alternatively, a new metric is proposed, which is learned on perceptual similarity data specific to image compression. The proposed compression model incorporates the salient regions and optimizes on the proposed perceptual similarity metric. The model not only generates images which are visually better but also gives superior performance for subsequent computer vision tasks such as object detection and segmentation when compared to existing engineered or learned compression techniques.
Sensitization of Edman Amino Acid Derivatives Using the Fluorescent Reagent, 4-Aminofluorescein1 (1989)

The ability to analyze amino acid derivatives at the femtomole level is one of the most interesting challenges in the field of protein microsequencing. 2-Anilino-5-thiazolinone amino acids, obtained by Edman degradation, were quantitatively derivatized with fluorescent primary amines. The most fluorescent reagent tested was 4-aminofluorescein. The amino acid derivatives sensitized with this reagent were separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified at the 100 attomole level. Incorporation of this method into the operation of a conventional automated sequencer is also described.
An Accessible Approach to Preparing Water-Soluble Mn<sup>2+</sup>-Doped (CdSSe)ZnS (Core)Shell Nanocrystals for Ratiometric Temperature Sensing (2011)

A new synthetic scheme allowing structural modifications to temperature-sensitive and water-soluble D-penicillamine-passivated Mn(2+)-doped (CdSSe)ZnS (core)shell nanocrystals (MnQDs) was reported using air-stable chemicals. The temperature-dependent optical properties of the nanocrystals were tuned by changing their structure and composition--the ZnS shell thickness and the Mn(2+)-dopant concentration. Thick ZnS shells significantly reduce the interference of nonradiative transitions on ratiometric emission intensities. High-dopant concentration affords consistent temperature sensitivity. In addition to the new base structure for quantum dot ratiometric temperature sensing via flexible, glovebox-free routes, the results also underscore the generalizability of the emission intensity ratio scheme for temperature sensing, originally proposed for rare-earth-doped materials.
1α-Hydroxy Derivative of Vitamin D <sub>3</sub> : A Highly Potent Analog of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> (1973)

The 1alpha-hydroxy derivative of vitamin D(3) has been chemically synthesized and tested for its biological activity. This analog has comparable biological activity on a weight basis to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in the stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in normnal and anephric rats. Because the 1alpha-hydroxy derivative is synthesized from cholesterol, it is easier and less expensive to prepare than 1alpha,25-dihydroxy derivative, making it attractive as a drug in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy and hypopara-thyroidism.
Flexible Film-Based Sensors Structured with a High Piezoresistive Organic Molecular Conductor as an Active Component (2010)

This article is addressed to developing flexible all-organic bi layer (BL) film-based sensors being capable of measuring strain as a well-defined electrical signal in a wide range of elongations and temperature. The purpose was achieved by covering polycarbonate films with the polycrystalline layer of a high piezoresistive organic molecular conductor. This type of sensors is able to take the place of conventional metal-based strain and pressure gages in low cost innovative controlling and monitoring technologies. To determine restrictions for sensor applications, we studied the effect of monoaxial strain on the resistance and texture of the sensing layers of BL films. The tests shown that the maximum strain before fracture is about 1%; under relative strain >1% the strain cracking of a sensing conducting organic layer was observed. A simple thermal recuperation of the damaged sensing layer of the BL film-based sensors is also presented.
2712. Safety and Immunogenicity of two Doses of ExPEC4V Vaccine Against Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Disease in Healthy Adult Participants (2019)

Abstract Background The ExPEC4V vaccine contains 4 Escherichia coli O-antigens (O1A, O2, O6A, O25B) conjugated to exotoxin protein A and is being studied for prevention of Invasive Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) Disease (IED). This phase-2 double-blind study assessed safety and immunogenicity of ExPEC4V Clinical Trial Material (CTM), manufactured via a redesigned process (optimized O1A strain). Methods Participants (≥18 years) in stable health were randomized (3:1) to receive ExPEC4V dose 4:4:4:8 μg PS/serotype or placebo on Day 1 and second vaccination on Day 181 (6 months after first vaccination). Participants will be followed for safety until end of study at Day 360. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity (by ELISA, opsonophagocytic killing [OPA] assays) were evaluated pre-vaccination, and 15 days after first and second vaccinations (Day 195). Results Of 100 participants randomized (mean age 56, 48% males) and vaccinated (ExPEC4V, n = 75; placebo, n = 25), 97 completed Day 30. Solicited local AEs were higher for ExPEC4V (38.7%) than placebo (20%); most frequent was pain/tenderness (38.7% vs 20%). Solicited systemic AEs were higher in ExPEC4V (49.3%) than placebo (20%); most frequent was fatigue (32% vs. 12%). No serious or grade 3 solicited local AEs were reported. One participant in ExPEC4V experienced a grade 3 solicited systemic fatigue considered vaccine-related by investigator. ExPEC4V demonstrated immune responses against all serotypes at Day 15. Geometric mean titer effective concentration rank by serotypes was O2 > O1A > O6 > O25B (Figures 1 and 2). At Day 15, ≥ 82% of participants in ExPEC4V and none in placebo had ≥2-fold increase from baseline of ELISA titer for all serotypes. In ExPEC4V, ≥47% had ≥2-fold increase from baseline of OPA titer for all serotypes, while 8% in placebo had ≥2-fold increase only for O6A. Good correlation was observed between ELISA and OPA across serotypes (r ≥ 0.76). Conclusion ExPEC4V elicited robust and functional immune responses across all serotypes and was well tolerated with no vaccine safety findings. This study supports the development of future multivalent ExPEC vaccine to prevent IED. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Test Sites and Testing of 3-Sun Mirror Modules (2006)

The demand for solar photovoltaic cells and modules has far outstripped PV cell supply and module prices are rising. To solve this problem, JX Crystals is developing a 3-sun mirror module that uses 1/3 the cell area to triple module production at a lower cost. Our concentrator module design uses existing planar cells. We simply cut standard SunPower A300 cells into thirds. In addition, our module design uses standard circuit lamination procedures and equipment. However, we add a thin aluminum sheet at the back of the laminated circuit for heat spreading. While a standard planar module contains rows of pseudo square cells, our low concentration modules consist of rows of third-cells. We then locate linear mirrors with triangular cross sections between the cell rows. The mirror facets deflect the sun's rays down to the cell rows (patent pending). Herein, we report on the design configurations, present photographs of the test systems, and present the initial outdoor test results
Effective targeting of tumor vasculature with an antibody against tumor endothelial marker 7-R (TEM7R). (2011)

e13040 Background: Tumor associated blood vessels offer numerous tumor specific targets for therapy. St. Croix and colleagues reported the existence of novel genes expressed in human and murine tumor endothelium1,2. We report on the isolation, production and characterization of a single chain (scFv) and its corresponding IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for murine TEM7R (mTEM7R) and present preliminary data that this antibody cross reacts with human TEM7R (hTEM7R). Methods: The cDNA encoding the extracellular domain (ECD) of mTEM7R was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned into the pSecTag2/Hygro A vector (Invitrogen) and stably transfected into HEK293 cells. A naïve human scFv phage display library comprised of 1010 independent clones3 was used to isolate scFv molecules reactive with mTEM7R. Using a solid phase panning strategy,4 we identified 5 families of anti-TEM7R scFv based on fingerprint analysis. Of the 5 families of scFv, 2 specifically bound to the mTEM7R ECD as confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and by ELISA. One clone exhibited moderate affinity for purified ECD (10-8M) as measured by SPR and was chosen for further studies. This scFv was converted into a human IgG1 format by subcloning its Vh and Vl domains into the pMAZ-VH and pMAZ-Vl vectors (gift of Dr. Benhar, Tel-Aviv University), respectively. The resulting plasmids were co-transfected into HEK-T cells and the resulting IgG (BB1) was purified by Protein A affinity chromatography. Results: As measured by biodistribution and immuno-PET imaging studies, BB1 antibody demonstrated significant tumor uptake and prolonged tumor retention in SCID mice harboring s.c. tumor xenografts derived from five tumor cell lines of varying origin. Consistent with mTEM7R’s predicted vascular distribution, IHC and IF performed on fresh-frozen A431-derived tumor xenografts showed co-localization of BB1 and anti-CD31 antibodies to the tumor vasculature. In addition, BB1 demonstrated in vivo therapeutic efficacy against F9 (murine teratocarcinoma) and A431 tumor xenografts. Conclusions: The combined tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy of BB1 antibody suggests TEM7R is a promising tumor vascular target and should be further investigated.
Quantitative SEU Fault Evaluation for SRAM-Based FPGA Architectures and Synthesis Algorithms (2011)

This paper studies the SEU (Single Event Upset) fault for SRAM-based FPGAs. Considering detailed fault behavior on various circuit elements in a post-layout FPGA application, we develop a simulation-based SEU evaluation tool that quantifies fault contribution for each configuration bit. Using this tool and MCNC benchmark circuits, we study the fault characteristics of FPGA circuits and architectures. We show that interconnects not only contribute to the lion share of functional failures, but also have higher failure rate per configuration bit than LUTs. Particularly, multiplexers in local interconnects have the highest failure rate per bit. We find that tuning LUT and cluster sizes helps to reduce the rate (up to 38% in our experiments). In addition, we evaluate two recent fault mitigation algorithms IPD and IPF, which reduce LUT faults by an average of 74% and 15% respectively. But when interconnects are taken into account, the reduction via IPD which considers only LUT faults is merely 6% on chip level. Yet the reduction via IPF which implicitly considers interconnect faults is still around 15%. Therefore, synthesis algorithm should be evaluated with interconnect faults and future algorithms should be developed with consideration of interconnect faults explicitly.
High Levels of Tryptamine Accumulation in Transgenic Tobacco Expressing Tryptophan Decarboxylase (1990)

A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC; EC 4.1.1.28) from Catharanthus roseus (De Luca V, Marineau C, Brisson N [1989] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2582-2586) driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) to direct the synthesis of the protoalkaloid tryptamine from endogenous tryptophan. Young, fully expanded leaves of CaMV 35S-TDC transformed plants had from four to 45 times greater TDC activity than did controls. Tryptamine accumulated in transgenic plants to levels that were directly proportional to their TDC specific activity. Despite their increased tryptamine content, the growth and development of the CaMV 35S-TDC plants appeared normal with no significant differences in indole-3-acetic acid levels between high tryptamine and control plants. Plants with the highest TDC activity contained more than 1 milligram of tryptamine per gram fresh weight, a 260-fold increase over controls.