gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMUcam3: An Open Programmable Embedded Vision Sensor (2018)

In this paper we present CMUcam3, a low-cost, open source, embedded computer vision platform. The CMUcam3 is the third generation of the CMUcam system and is designed to provide a flexible and easy to use open source development environment along with a more powerful hardware platform. The goal of the system is to provide simple vision capabilities to small embedded systems in the form of an intelligent sensor that is supported by an open source community. The hardware platform consists of a color CMOS camera, a frame buffer, a low cost 32-bit ARM7TDMI microcontroller, and an MMC memory card slot. The CMUcam3 also includes 4 servo ports, enabling one to create entire, working robots using the CMUcam3 board as the only requisite robot processor. Custom C code can be developed using an optimized GNU toolchain and executables can be flashed onto the board using a serial port without external downloading hardware. The development platform includes a virtual camera target allowing for rapid application development exclusively on a PC. The software environment comes with numerous open source example applications and libraries including JPEG compression, frame differencing, color tracking, convolutions, histogramming, edge detection, servo control, connected component analysis, FAT file system support, and a face detector.
Pasteurization of Beer by a Continuous Dense‐phase CO <sub>2</sub> System (2006)

ABSTRACT: Effects on beer quality were studied after pasteurization by a continuous dense‐phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) system. Changes in haze formation, foaming capacity and stability, and objective and subjective aroma and flavor were evaluated, after validation of a 5‐log reduction in yeast populations. A maximum log reduction in yeast populations of 7.38 logs was predicted at 26.5 MPa, 21°C, 9.6% CO 2 , and 4.77 min residence time. Haze was reduced by DPCD pasteurization from 146 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) to 95 NTU. At this same treatment combination, aroma and flavor of beer sample means were not considered significantly different ( P = 0.3415) from fresh beer sample means when evaluated in a difference from control test, using fresh beer as the reference. Foam capacity and stability were affected minimally by CO 2 processing; however, changes would most likely be unnoticed by consumers.
Evaluation of stereoscopic trace particle records of turbulent flow fields (1977)

An experimental technique is described for the recording of instantaneous spatial functions of particles tracing the motion in liquid flow fields. Software development necessary for subsequent computerized numerical evaluation of the instantaneous, three-dimensional flow field also is described. The paper reports only the first stages of software development, in which descriptions are obtained of the detailed structure of turbulence events over whole flow regions simultaneously.
PhaseCam3D — Learning Phase Masks for Passive Single View Depth Estimation (2019)

There is an increasing need for passive 3D scanning in many applications that have stringent energy constraints. In this paper, we present an approach for single frame, single viewpoint, passive 3D imaging using a phase mask at the aperture plane of a camera. Our approach relies on an end-to-end optimization framework to jointly learn the optimal phase mask and the reconstruction algorithm that allows an accurate estimation of range image from captured data. Using our optimization framework, we design a new phase mask that performs significantly better than existing approaches. We build a prototype by inserting a phase mask fabricated using photolithography into the aperture plane of a conventional camera and show compelling performance in 3D imaging.
Remediation of Contaminated Ground Water Using Biological Techniques (1989)

Abstract On‐site biological cleanup following spills of biodegradable hazardous organic compounds in lagoon, soil, and ground water environments is a cost‐effective technique when proper engineering controls are applied. Biodegradation of hazardous organic contaminants by microorganisms minimizes liability by converting toxic reactants into harmless end products. Three case histories presented in this paper detail: • Bench‐scale evaluation of the potential for biological remediation in the spill site matrix • Field implementation of biological treatment techniques. Cost‐effectiveness, minimal disturbance to existing operations, and on‐site destruction of spilled contaminants are several of the advantages identified for implementing biodegradation as a technique for spill cleanup and environmental restoration.
CDMA (IS‐95) (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction System Architecture of IS95 Physical Layer and Physical Channels Call Processing Power Control Soft Handover Summary Problems
A Benchmark Data Set for Model-Based Glycemic Control in Critical Care (2008)

Model-based methods can provide tighter, more adaptable "one method fits all" solutions using methods that enable patient-specific modeling and control. A benchmark data set will enable easier model and protocol development for groups lacking clinical data, as well as providing a benchmark to compare results of different protocols on a single (virtual) cohort based on real clinical data.
Sector-Disk (SD) Erasure Codes for Mixed Failure Modes in RAID Systems (2014)

Traditionally, when storage systems employ erasure codes, they are designed to tolerate the failures of entire disks. However, the most common types of failures are latent sector failures, which only affect individual disk sectors, and block failures which arise through wear on SSD’s. This article introduces SD codes, which are designed to tolerate combinations of disk and sector failures. As such, they consume far less storage resources than traditional erasure codes. We specify the codes with enough detail for the storage practitioner to employ them, discuss their practical properties, and detail an open-source implementation.
Fully Printed and Encapsulated SWCNT-Based Thin Film Transistors via a Combination of R2R Gravure and Inkjet Printing (2016)

Fully printed thin film transistors (TFT) based on poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD) wrapped semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) channels are fabricated by a practical route that combines roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure and ink jet printing. SWCNT network density is easily controlled via ink formulation (concentration and polymer:CNT ratio) and jetting conditions (droplet size, drop spacing, and number of printed layers). Optimum inkjet printing conditions are established on Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> in which an ink consisting of 6:1 PFDD:SWCNT ratio with 50 mg L<sup>-1</sup> SWCNT concentration printed at a drop spacing of 20 μm results in TFTs with mobilities of ∼25 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and on-/off-current ratios > 10<sup>5</sup>. These conditions yield excellent network uniformity and are used in a fully additive process to fabricate fully printed TFTs on PET substrates with mobility values > 5 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (R2R printed gate electrode and dielectric; inkjet printed channel and source/drain electrodes). An inkjet printed encapsulation layer completes the TFT process (fabricated in bottom gate, top contact TFT configuration) and provides mobilities > 1 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> with good operational stability, based on the performance of an inverter circuit. An array of 20 TFTs shows that most have less than 10% variability in terms of threshold voltage, transconductance, on-current, and subthreshold swing.
Improving Service Restoration of Power Distribution Systems Through Load Curtailment of In-Service Customers (2010)

Load curtailment programs including direct load control and demand response allow system operators to directly and/or indirectly reduce a portion of total customer demand. One system application which can be improved by implementation of load curtailment is service restoration. As such, this work presents a problem formulation, solution algorithm, and simulation results for service restoration of power distribution systems incorporating load curtailment of in-service customers via direct load control. It is shown that the addition of load curtailment allows for one or more of the following: a reduction of the total number of switch operations required, an increase to the number of customers served, and/or an increase to the total amount of load restored. These improvements are demonstrated through simulation results from a 416-bus multiphase distribution system.
First report of 16SrVI-A and 16SrXII-A phytoplasmas associated with alfalfa witches’ broom disease in Iran (2016)

In 2014-15 surveys, alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) disease was observed in a number of Iranian provinces. The main symptoms were crown proliferation, witches' broom, little leaf, flower virescence, phyllody, sterility and stunting. To investigate the phytoplasma presence, total DNAs were extracted from 132 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic alfalfa plants and were tested by direct PCR using P1/P7 (Deng and Hiruki, 1991; Schneider et al., 1995) and nested PCR using R16F2n/R16R2 (Gundersen and Lee, 1996) primers. Amplicons were obtained only from all the symptomatic alfalfa plants and RFLP analyses with KpnI, AluI, HaeIII, HhaI, HpaII, MseI, RsaI, TaqI and HpaI enzymes showed the presence of two profiles. Mixed infections were never detected. From AWB samples collected in East Azarbayijan and Zanjan provinces, six amplicons were directly sequenced and showed 100% identity to each other (GenBank accession No. KU240021). The second profile was present in samples from Qom, Markazi, East Azarbayijan, Kordestan, Fars, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Lorestan and Chaharamahal and Bakhtiari provinces; the 15 amplicons from Tabriz, Dehgolan, Arak, Qhorveh, and Shahrekian showed 100% identity in each area and formed 5 groups having 99% identity (GenBank accession Nos. KT763372, KT763371, KT781662, KT763373 and KT750060, respectively). The KU240021 strain sequence and its virtual RFLP indicated that it could be enclosed in the 16SrVI-A subgroup. The five-sequence group showed the highest homology with 16SrXII-A phytoplasma subgroup that was confirmed by virtual RFLP and phylogenetic analysis (MEGA 6.0). This is the first report of 16SrVI-A and 16SrXII-A phytoplasmas associated with AWB in Iran.
Large magnetocaloric effect in melt-spun LaFe13−xSix (2005)

A very large value of magnetic entropy change ∣ΔS∣=31J∕kgK was obtained at 201K under 5T in LaFe11.8Si1.2 melt-spun ribbons subjected to a very short-time annealing (2h∕1050°C). This value is much higher than that of a bulk LaFe11.44Si1.56 in this temperature range. The large ∣ΔS∣ is attributed to the first-order thermally induced transition at the Curie temperature TC, and is enhanced even further due to a more homogenous element distribution. With increasing Si concentration, TC is increased and ∣ΔS∣ is decreased due to a weakening or an even disappearance of the first-order magnetic phase transition.
Factors Affecting the Availability of Diazepam Stored in Plastic Bags and Administered Through Intravenous Sets (1983)

Factors affecting the loss of diazepam from i.v. admixtures to flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags and to various administration sets were studied. Admixtures containing diazepam and 0.9% sodium chloride injection were stored for up to 550 hours in flexible PVC bags and in glass vials at various temperatures. Diazepam injection containing two different solvents was used. Initial diazepam concentrations in storage studies ranged from 25 to 100 micrograms/ml and pH ranged from 4.2 to 7.5. To determine availability of diazepam after infusion through administration sets, solutions (50 micrograms/ml) from glass containers were run through six different sets at 1 ml/min for seven hours. In storage studies, the difference in composition of the solvent was found to have only a slight effect on the rate and extent of diazepam loss. Diazepam loss was unaffected by pH. For admixtures stored in 1000-ml flexible PVC bags, the fractional loss of diazepam was greater at small volumes. The diazepam concentration of solutions in flexible PVC bags decreased more rapidly during infusion than during storage of the total original volume. The fraction of diazepam remaining in stored solutions was independent of the initial concentration, but the rate and extent of diazepam loss was greater at higher temperatures. Diazepam loss was dependent on length of flexible PVC tubing, and diazepam availability was greater with faster flow rates. In solutions infused through the polyolefin Tridilset, 100% of the diazepam remained. When storage of diazepam admixtures in PVC bags or administration through PVC tubing cannot be avoided, measures to minimize the rate and extent of diazepam loss include decreasing the temperature and the storage time and increasing the surface-area-to-volume ratio and the flow rate. Equations are presented for calculating the amount of diazepam delivered.
Apathy: Concept, Syndrome, Neural Mechanisms, and Treatment. (1996)

The essential meaning of apathy is lack of motivation. Criteria for diagnosing the syndrome of apathy and for distinguishing symptomatic and syndromal apathetic states are based on this definition, whereas assessment of apathy as a continuous variable is operationalized in the Apathy Evaluation Scale, which provides reliable and valid measures of diminished motivation in diverse clinical populations. The clinical utility of this formulation is shown by describing the causes, differential diagnosis, and treatment of apathy. The neural mechanisms of apathy are postulated to involve the brainstem and forebrain circuits that mediate goal-directed behavior. The functions of these circuits provide a model for understanding a provisional classification of apathy syndromes into cognitive, sensory, motor, and affective subtypes. This classification and its postulated neural basis has heuristic value for increasing our understanding of the disorders in which apathy is prominent.
MAPK interacts with occludin and mediates EGF-induced prevention of tight junction disruption by hydrogen peroxide (2005)

The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway is a major intracellular signalling pathway involved in EGF (epithelial growth factor) receptor-mediated cell growth and differentiation. A novel function of MAPK activity in the mechanism of EGF-mediated protection of TJs (tight junctions) from H2O2 was examined in Caco-2 cell monolayers. EGF-mediated prevention of H2O2-induced increase in paracellular permeability was associated with the prevention of H2O2-induced Tyr-phosphorylation, Thr-dephosphorylation and cellular redistribution of occludin and ZO-1 (zonula occludin-1). EGF also prevented H2O2-induced disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and the dissociation of occludin and ZO-1 from the actin-rich detergent-insoluble fractions. MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase, where ERK stands for extracellular signal related kinase) inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, completely blocked these protective effects of EGF on TJs. EGF rapidly increased the levels of phosphorylated MEK (p-MEK) in detergent-soluble fractions and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) in detergent-insoluble fractions. p-ERK was colocalized and co-immunoprecipitated with occludin. GST (glutathione S-transferase) pull-down assay showed that the C-terminal tail of occludin binds to p-ERK in Caco-2 cell extracts. Pair-wise binding studies using recombinant proteins demonstrated that ERK1 directly interacts with the C-terminal tail of occludin. Therefore the present study shows that ERK interacts with the C-terminal region of occludin and mediates the prevention of H2O2-induced disruption of TJs by EGF.
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Bevacizumab plus Interferon for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2010)

On July 31, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted approval for the use of bevacizumab (Avastin(R); Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) in combination with interferon (IFN)-alpha2a for the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The approval was primarily based on results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The primary efficacy endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS), was assessed by investigators and by an independent review committee (IRC) blinded to treatment assignment. In total, 649 patients (bevacizumab plus IFN, 327; placebo plus IFN, 322) were enrolled. The median PFS times, by investigator determination, were 10.2 months for the bevacizumab plus IFN arm and 5.4 months for the placebo plus IFN arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.72; p < .0001). The IRC analysis of 569 patients with available radiographs yielded similar results (median PFS time, 10.4 months versus 5.5 months; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.45-0.72; p < .0001). There was no survival advantage (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-1.04; p = .13). Support for the above results was provided by summarized results of a North American cooperative group study of bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha2b versus IFN-alpha2b alone. The median PFS times were 8.4 months versus 4.9 months in favor of the bevacizumab combination. There was no survival advantage. In the reviewed trial, serious adverse events and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade >/=3 adverse events were reported more frequently in bevacizumab-treated patients (31% versus 19% and 63% versus 47%, respectively). The most common bevacizumab-related toxicities were bleeding/hemorrhage, hypertension, proteinuria, and venous or arterial thromboembolic events.
Democracy Assistance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Comparison of US and EU Policies (2008)

This article compares US and EU efforts at democracy assistance in the Middle East and North Africa.Although the substantive content of what the US and the EU view as the type of democratic institutions to promote does not differ greatly, some puzzling variations are found in the area of funding party development and decentralization, a balanced top-down/bottom-up versus a top-down approach and slightly different thematic foci.The actors use similar implementation methods, but have differing approaches to partnership.Since the 1990s, international democracy assistance (DA) is advancing as an important feature of democracies' foreign policies.The DA of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) worldwide rose from US$106 million in 1990 to US$830 million in 2003 (Finkel et al., 2006: 26) while the spending of the European Initiative for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) rose from ECU76 million in 1995 to e132 million in 2006 (EC, 2006a: 11).In 2001, the total spending of the EU and its member states on democracy assistance reached approximately e900 million per year (Youngs, 2003: 128).Democracy promotion had its first roots in the ideas of President Woodrow Wilson, who declared that '[t]he world must be made safe for democracy' (Wilson, 1917).With the backup of the democratic peace theorem, however, it seems to be not only driven by Wilsonian ideas, but also by the very security interests of democracies in the long run.Secretary of State Madeleine Albright said in 1998: 'It is not only the right thing to do, it is the smart thing to do'. 1 President Clinton was the first US president to put democracy promotion into the heart of his foreign policy of engagement and enlargement (Clinton, 1995).The EU states declared in the provisions on a common foreign and security policy in the founding treaty of the EU -the Maastricht Treaty -that '[t]he objectives of the common foreign and
Diode laser measurement of H2O, CO2, and temperature in gas turbine exhaust through the application of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (2007)

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) provides an accurate, fast, and non-intrusive solution for species and temperature measurement. The application of this technology to measure temperature, H₂O, and CO₂ content from an industrial gas turbine has been demonstrated by this research. The multi-gas sensor system, consisting of inexpensive commercially available tunable diode lasers used in the telecommunications industry, uses Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) to quantify path- averaged temperature and concentrations. H₂O and CO₂ spectroscopic information was first gathered in the laboratory and then the system was packaged for field use. The work culminated in an eight-day test in April 2006 where actual stationary gas turbine emissions data were captured. The results demonstrate the capability for measurement of temperature, H₂O, and CO₂ in an industrial environment using two tunable diode lasers
Centaur: A Chiplet-based, Hybrid Sparse-Dense Accelerator for Personalized Recommendations (2020)

Personalized recommendations are the backbone machine learning (ML) algorithm that powers several important application domains (e.g., ads, e-commerce, etc) serviced from cloud datacenters. Sparse embedding layers are a crucial building block in designing recommendations yet little attention has been paid in properly accelerating this important ML algorithm. This paper first provides a detailed workload characterization on personalized recommendations and identifies two significant performance limiters: memory-intensive embedding layers and compute-intensive multi-layer perceptron (MLP) layers. We then present Centaur, a chiplet-based hybrid sparse-dense accelerator that addresses both the memory throughput challenges of embedding layers and the compute limitations of MLP layers. We implement and demonstrate our proposal on an Intel HARPv2, a package-integrated CPU+FPGA device, which shows a 1.7-17.2x performance speedup and 1.7-19.5x energy-efficiency improvement than conventional approaches.
A cryogenic microwave switch (1979)

A cryogenic microwave switch has been developed which has an isolation greater than 70 db, a throughput of 0.99, and a rise time of a few nanoseconds. The switch consists of an H-plane T in which one arm contains a short and a sapphire tube containing He. The short is fixed so as to isolate the other two arms when the He is not excited. The high degree of isolation is a direct consequence of the superconducting properties of the waveguide. The tube of He is located a quarter guide wavelength from the T so that when a plasma discharge is created in it, the other two arms become tightly coupled. Plasma rise times of order several nanoseconds have been achieved by applying a high voltage dc pulse across the tube. The switch has been used to release microwave energy stored in a superconducting resonator, creating high power microwave pulses. Here we will discuss the design parameters of the switch and its observed performance.
Atomically sharp catalyst-free wurtzite GaAs∕AlGaAs nanoneedles grown on silicon (2008)

We report a catalyst-free, self-assembled growth mode generating single-crystal wurtzite phase ultrasharp GaAs∕AlGaAs nanoneedles on both GaAs and Si substrates via low-temperature metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The needles exhibit record-narrow tip diameters of 2–4nm wide and sharp 6°–9° taper angles. The length is dependent on growth time and up to 3–4μm nanoneedles are attained. The structures do not exhibit twinning defects, contrary to typical GaAs nanowires grown by vapor-liquid-solid catalyzed growth. AlGaAs layered nanoneedle structures are also demonstrated.