gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation Rate Analysis in an Anisotropic Formation and It's Practical Applications (2004)

Proposal In probe-type formation tests, due to the geometry of the wellbore and the sealing effect of mudcake, the flow pattern is not perfectly spherical. To account for the deviation from spherical flow, several geometric correction factors were proposed for different analysis techniques. A geometric factor is used in Formation Rate Analysis (FRA), a technique used in analyzing a probe test to estimate formation pressure and permeability. Like other geometric correction factors, the geometric factor is a strong function of permeability anisotropy that is generally unknown before a test. When analyzing the test, we would logically assume an isotropic formation and use the corresponding geometric factor. Consequently, the FRA estimated permeability does not represent the true spherical permeability. In contrast, the spherical permeability can be estimated from buildup analysis without prior knowledge of permeability anisotropy. Therefore, the discrepancy between the permeability estimates from the two analysis methods cannot be resolved. In addition, if separately considered, neither FRA nor buildup analysis can decompose the estimated permeability into its horizontal and vertical components. This paper presents the derivation of numerical values of several geometric correction factors. Using the concept of geometric factor, we resolve the discrepancy between the permeability estimates from FRA and buildup analysis. This paper also presents procedures to estimate horizontal and vertical permeabilities by combining FRA and buildup analysis or by combining buildup analysis and pressure history matching. These procedures are verified with a simulated probe test. An example of an actual test analysis is also presented.
Chlorhexidine, Toothbrushing, and Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Adults (2009)

Chlorhexidine, but not toothbrushing, reduced early ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients without pneumonia at baseline.
Development of a Novel Fluid Management System for Accurate Continuous Hemofiltration in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2007)

Failure of the cardiac or respiratory system is a common problem in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit. When conventional management fails to improve the child’s condition, extracorporeal life support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can serve to provide life-saving temporary heart and lung support [1]. Renal failure often complicates care of these critically ill children on ECMO, leading to accumulation of fluid and volume overload that can worsen their heart and lung disease. Restrictive fluid management has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes in acute lung injury.
Entropy labels for source routed stacked tunnels (2015)

Source routed tunnel stacking is a technique that can be leveraged to
provide a method to steer a packet through a controlled set of
segments. This can be applied to the Multi Protocol Label Switching
(MPLS) data plane. Entropy label (EL) is a technique used in MPLS to
improve load balancing. This document examines and describes how ELs
are to be applied to source routed stacked tunnels.
Developmnet of an Infrared Sensory System with Local Communication Facility for Collision Avoidance of Multiple Mobile Robots. (1996)

In this paper, we propose a method for detecting both robots and obstacles using a local infrared communication system. If every robot in the environment has its own ID number and transmits it, then a robot can detect another robot by receiving the ID number. The robot can also detect an obstacle by receiving its own ID number which is reflected from the obstacle. We also propose a method for detecting interference in transmission when several robots transmit to one robot. Finally, we describe the development of a sensor system named LOCISS (locally communicable infrared sensory system) and fundamental experiments carried out to evaluate its performance.
Characteristics of dilute-nitride quantum well lasers (2005)

Optimizing the MOCVD growth of InGaAsN has yielded high performance 1.3 /spl mu/m-emitting lasers, displaying reduced temperature sensitivity compared with InP-based structures. Studies reveal the impact of nitrogen on the gain, carrier confinement, and laser characteristics.
Acquired protein C dysfunction but not decreased activity of thrombomodulin is a possible marker of thrombophilia in patients with lupus anticoagulant. (1995)

Lupus anticoagulants (LAs) are acquired antiphospholipid antibodies, and the occurrence of LA is associated with an increased risk of developing thrombosis. In a population of 46 patients with LA with or without LA-associated thrombophilia, it was analyzed whether the concentration of LA could be correlated to the individual thrombotic risk in patients with LA. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of LA measured by routinely used functional and immunologic assays in patients with LA with thrombophilia when compared with patients with LA without thrombophilia. Inhibition of thrombomodulin (TM) activity by LA has been postulated to be one of the major pathogenic mechanisms causing thrombophilia in LA. Therefore the inhibition of endothelial cell-dependent TM activity by LA was analyzed by using a protein C (PC) activation assay. Reduced rates of PC activation were found in only 2 out of the 46 cases, ruling out that inhibition of TM activity is a common phenomenon in patients with LA. However, anionic phospholipids are necessary to ascertain the anticoagulant activity of activated PC (APC). To prove the hypothesis that the anticoagulant activity of APC is inhibited by LA, the anticoagulant response of purified APC added to LA-containing plasma was measured through the amount of factor VIII inactivation. Thirteen out of 14 patients with recurrent thrombotic events and 10 out of 19 patients with one single episode of thrombosis showed an APC response outside the mean--2 SD range of normal human controls. In contrast, among 13 patients with LA without symptoms, only one showed an abnormal APC response. From these data it is concluded that LA inhibits the APC anticoagulant activity and that this type of acquired APC dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of LA-associated thrombophilia. Moreover, the APC anticoagulant response assay may prove to be a useful marker to identify patients with LA with a high thrombotic risk.
In Vitro Co-Delivery Evaluation of Novel Pegylated Nano-Liposomal Herbal Drugs of Silibinin and Glycyrrhizic Acid (Nano-Phytosome) to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. (2016)

This in vitro study showed that nano-liposome encapsulation of silibinin with glycyrrhizic acid increased the biological activity of free drugs, increased the stability of silibinin, and synergized the therapeutic effect of silibinin with glycyrrhizic acid. The IC50 of the co-encapsulated nano-liposomes was lower than the combination of free silibinin and glycyrrhizic acid on the HepG2 cell line.
Triazole Antifungals. IV. Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of 3-Acylamino-2-aryl-2-butanol Derivatives. (1991)

New triazole compounds were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of the fungal cytochrome P-450 14 alpha-demethylase. In testing for antifungal activity against a mouse systemic Candida albicans infection, (2R,3R)-3-acylamino-2-aryl-2-butanol derivatives III exhibited remarkably high efficacy after oral or parenteral administration. The structure-activity relationships of these amidoalcohols were evaluated.
Improved Supercritical-Solvent Extraction of Coal (1982)

Raw coal upgraded by supercritical-solvent extraction system that uses two materials instead of one. System achieved extraction yields of 20 to 49 weight percent. Single-solvent yields are about 25 weight percent. Experimental results show extraction yields may be timedependent. Observed decreases in weight of coal agreed well with increases in ash content of residue.
Fast algorithm for image reconstruction in adaptive electrical capacitance tomography (2016)

We describe a fast method for high-resolution electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) of objects and fluid flow in annular regions close to sensing electrodes. Image reconstruction in conventional ECT is performed in the entire sensing domain using the full set of available measurements. Recent developments in adaptive electrical capacitance tomography (AECT) open up the possibility of electronic scanning and selective domain reconstruction. The method proposed here exploits the Laplacian nature of the electrostatic field in ECT/AECT, the flexibility of AECT in reconfiguring the capacitance electrodes, and the sparsity of the measurement in peripheral regions of the imaging domain to reconstruct the permittivity near the sensing electrodes with high resolution and by relying only on a subset of measurements.
Efficient Homofermentative <scp>l</scp> -(+)-Lactic Acid Production from Xylose by a Novel Lactic Acid Bacterium, <i>Enterococcus mundtii</i> QU 25 (2010)

Enterococcus mundtii QU 25, a newly isolated lactic acid bacterium, efficiently metabolized xylose into l-lactate. In batch fermentations, the strain produced 964 mM l-(+)-lactate from 691 mM xylose, with a yield of 1.41 mol/mol xylose consumed and an extremely high optical purity of ≥99.9% without acetate production.
RBoot: Software Infrastructure for a Remote FPGA Laboratory (2007)

Traditional FPGA education either involves a physical laboratory room with workstations connected to individual FPGA experimenter boards or simulation platforms. Physical labs are expensive to maintain and require substantial floor space. In addition, students need to be physically present in the laboratories to access the FPGA boards. On the other hand, it is often the case that simulation platforms do not provide the students an adequate, in-depth understanding of concepts (such as synthesis on FPGAs). In this short paper, a third option - a remote FPGA Laboratory - is illustrated. This option uses software to allow students and researchers in geographically distributed locations to remotely access a pool of 64 Xilinx ML-310 Boards over the Internet. To the best of our knowledge, a remote FPGA facility of this kind is unique. The infrastructure described here gives remote users the ability to dynamically power on/off the FPGA boards, upload/download files, configure the boards online and execute synthesized designs while sending input and output through the Internet. Advantages include considerable savings in space, greater accessibility for users, ease of maintenance, and the ability to better schedule resources.
Circulating Precursor Levels of Endothelin-1 and Adrenomedullin, Two Endothelium-Derived, Counteracting Substances, in Sepsis (2007)

Plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (ADM), two opposingly acting peptides, correlate with mortality in endotoxemia, but their measurement is cumbersome. New sandwich assays have been introduced that measure more stable precursor fragments. The objective of this study was to investigate the counterplay of their precursor peptides in septic patients and to compare them with disease severity and other biomarkers. Blood samples of an observational study in 95 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were analyzed. CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM concentrations on admission were measured using new sandwich immunoassays. Depending on the clinical severity of the infection, both CT-proET-1 and MR-proADM levels exhibited a gradual increase from Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) to sepsis and septic shock (p < .001). Compared to the group of survivors, the group of nonsurvivors had higher median values of MR-proADM (5.7 nmol/L [range 0.4 to 21.0] versus 1.9 nmol/L [range 0.3 to 17.1], p < .02) and similar CT-proET-1 levels (56.0pmol/L [range 0.5 to 271.0] versus 54.1pmol/L [range 1.0 to 506.0], p = .86). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed a higher prognostic accuracy of the calculated ratio of both counteracting substances as compared to CT-proET-1 (p = 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = .001) and in the range of MR-proADM (p = .51), procalcitonin (p = 0.22), and the APACHE II score (p = .61). Endothelin-1 and adrenomedullin precursor peptides gradually increase with increasing severities of infection in critically ill patients. The ratio of the two counteracting peptides correlates with mortality and shows a prognostic accuracy to predict adverse outcome comparable to the APACHE II score.
Highly-conducting, poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene)prepared via a soluble precursor polymer (1987)

K. Jen, M. Maxifield, L. W. Shacklette and R. L. Elsenbaumer, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 309 DOI: 10.1039/C39870000309
Chemical processing of nanophase WC–Co composite powders (1990)

The future development of advanced engineered materials for structural, electrical, magnetic, catalytic, and other applications will depend to an increasing extent on improved control of the size, distribution, and morphology of the constituent phases of the materials. In advanced materials systems, this development is in the direction of diminishing scale and increasing uniformity of the structure, extending into the nanoscale regime. The capabilities for synthesising novel nanophase structures are now becoming available in the laboratory and efforts are being made to scale up these processes to produce the quantities required for prototype development, field testing, and commercial applications. This paper addresses the scientific and technical issues relating to the chemical processing of nanophase WC–Co composite powders and the integration of the various processing steps into a new spray conversion processing technology. The new technology involves three coordinated steps: preparation and mixing of starting solutions; spray drying to form chemically homogeneous precursor powders; and fluid bed thermochemical conversion of the precursor powders to nanophase WC–Co powders. Both spray drying and fluid bed conversion are proven scalable technologies and offer the potential for producing bulk quantities of cemented carbide powders at lower manufacturing cost.MST/1318
Within-Die Gate Delay Variability Measurement Using Reconfigurable Ring Oscillator (2009)

We report the design and characterization of a circuit technique to measure the on-chip delay of an individual logic gate (both inverting and noninverting) in its unmodified form. The test circuit comprises of digitally reconfigurable ring oscillator (RO). The gate under test is embedded in each stage of the ring oscillator. A system of linear equations is then formed with different configuration settings of the RO, relating the individual gate delay to the measured period of the RO, whose solution gives the delay of the individual gates. Experimental results from a test chip in 65-nm process node show the feasibility of measuring the delay of an individual inverter to within 1 ps accuracy. Delay measurements of different nominally identical inverters in close physical proximity show variations of up to 28% indicating the large impact of local variations. As a demonstration of this technique, we have studied delay variation with poly-pitch, length of diffusion (LOD) and different orientations of layout in silicon. The proposed technique is quite suitable for early process characterization, monitoring mature process in manufacturing and correlating model-to-hardware.
Fault-Tolerant Quantum Communication Based on Solid-State Photon Emitters (2006)

We describe a novel protocol for a quantum repeater that enables long-distance quantum communication through realistic, lossy photonic channels. Contrary to previous proposals, our protocol incorporates active purification of arbitrary errors at each step of the protocol using only two qubits at each repeater station. Because of these minimal physical requirements, the present protocol can be realized in simple physical systems such as solid-state single photon emitters. As an example, we show how nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond can be used to implement the protocol, using the nuclear and electronic spin to form the two qubits.
A Solution for Missing Data in Recurrent Neural Networks with an Application to Blood Glucose Prediction (1997)

We consider neural network models for stochastic nonlinear dynamical systems where measurements of the variable of interest are only available at irregular intervals i.e. most realizations are missing. Difculties arise since the solutions for prediction and maximum likelihood learning with missing data lead to complex integrals, which even for simple cases cannot be solved analytically. In this paper we propose a speci c combination of a nonlinear recurrent neural predictive model and a linear error model which leads to tractable prediction and maximum likelihood adaptation rules. In particular, the recurrent neural network can be trained using the real-time recurrent learning rule and the linear error model can be trained by an EM adaptation rule, implemented using forward-backward Kalman lter equations. The model is applied to predict the glucose/insulin metabolism of a diabetic patient where blood glucose measurements are only available a few times a day at irregular intervals. The new model shows considerable improvement with respect to both recurrent neural networks trained with teacher forcing or in a free running mode and various linear models.
A Security Framework of Group Location-Based Mobile Applications in Cloud Computing (2011)

In this paper, we present a secure frame-work when the location information of mobile terminals is utilized in a cloud computing environment. Because cloud computing provides powerful storage capability and scalability, many application providers start migrating the data stored in their original databases to outsourced databases (ODB), such as AMAZONSIMPLEDB. However, because of the multiple tenants and multiple replicas of data in the cloud databases, the security issues of location-based services (LBS)become more serious in cloud computing. In this paper, we propose a security model for LBS using ODB and demonstrate how we can use distributed storage and international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) as user identification to secure the location data. Enhanced privacy and authentication mechanisms on top of the suggested security framework are also proposed, which achieve significant improvements in privacy, authentication, and continuity when providing LBS in cloud computing. Simulation results show that network coding scheme has better performance than hash function scheme.
A reduced‐order electrochemical model for coupled prediction of state of charge and state of health of lithium ion batteries under constant current‐constant voltage charging conditions (2020)

Abstract Accurate and fast prediction of the remaining useful life of lithium (Li) ion batteries is an important requirement for successful electrification of automobiles. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of reduced‐order models. The existing reduced‐order electrochemical models can be used to predict battery performance (state of charge [SoC], terminal voltage) when the current through the battery is known a priori. Therefore these models cannot be used for studying the constant voltage (CV) mode of the constant current‐CV (CC‐CV) charging protocol, which is a common battery charging mechanism. In this work, we propose a reduced‐order electrochemical model to estimate the battery SoC under CC‐CV charging conditions, along with an analytical expression to approximate the CV mode charging time. We further propose a framework that accounts for the influence of the battery state of health (SoH) on the battery SoC during an operating cycle and vice‐versa. The proposed framework for estimating the battery SoC and SoH in a coupled manner shows good comparison with a first principles electrochemical model for CC‐CV charging conditions. This model can be used to study battery ageing and it can find applications in real‐time state estimation, charge protocol optimization, and battery design.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Anti‐AIDS Drugs. 2′,3′‐Dideoxycytidine Analogues. (1987)

Abstract 5‐Azacytidine (Ia) is transformed via the protected derivatives (Ib) into the cyclic thiocarbonate (Ic).
$C$- and $L$-Band External Cavity Wavelength Tunable Lasers Utilizing a Wideband SOA With Coupled Quantum Well Active Layer (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We have developed a wideband semiconductor optical amplifier as a gain chip for a <emphasis><formula><tex>$C$</tex></formula></emphasis>- and <emphasis><formula> <tex>$L$</tex></formula></emphasis>-band external cavity tunable laser. We introduced a coupled quantum well structure to obtain gain spectrum covering both bands. Low threshold current deviation, over 13-dBm fiber coupled power, and high sidemode suppression ratio were demonstrated across a 77-nm tuning range. </para>
Performance tests of a novel coaxial tube catheter in an<i>in vitro</i>model of intracranial cell delivery (2011)

We have tested prototypes of a novel coaxial tube catheter in an in vitro gel model of cell delivery into the brain. Devices 1.6 and 2.0 mm outer diameter were used to deliver PC 12 cells (concentration = 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹ at 1 μl min⁻¹ into a 5 ml sandwich of collagen and 0.1% agarose, with and without follow-on infusions of nerve growth factor (NGF). Post-infusion microscopic imaging (40X) at the infusion sites was then carried out over 7-day periods. The results showed that under these experimental conditions, it was possible to use these catheters to deliver cells without either leakage of trapped air into the gel or reflux of the cell suspension along the catheter insertion track. Differentiation of the NGF-treated cells was observed.
3D-Gradient Coil Structures for MRI Designed using Fuzzy Membership Functions (2007)

The design of high-performance gradient coils is essential for modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. This work presents a new and alternative design methodology that explores three-dimensional (3D) solution space by combining fuzzy membership functions to model and re-shape the coil structure, given the magnetic field, electrical and mechanical constraints. The method was applied to design a short, unshielded asymmetric gradient coil for breast imaging. The resulting dome-shape coil has superior gradient performance compared to a standard fingerprint coil. New quadrupolar gradient coil designs for breast imaging are also obtained with the proposed method.
Theoretical Model for Self-Synchronous Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-Frequency Tagging (2007)

The first theory for a novel coherent beam combination architectures that completely eliminate the separate reference beam are presented. These architectures greatly simplify the phase locking system without compromising phase locking performance.