gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All‐optical magnetization switching using phase shaped ultrashort laser pulses (2012)

Abstract Switching the magnetization without any external applied magnetic field by using ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulses is a fascinating and challenging topic of modern magnetism. Up to now there is still no consensus about the microscopic mechanism of this so called all‐optical switching (AOS) and several different models are suggested. In particular the importance of heat and helicity driven effects is still under discussion. In our experiment we varied the input of heating during the AOS process by utilizing pulse trains, created with a phase pulse shaper, to switch the magnetization. We show that AOS is possible with pulse trains having a temporal delay between the single pulses of more than a picosecond. The minimum switching fluence for pulse trains is found to be higher compared to switching with unshaped pulses. We mainly attribute this behavior to heat loss effects. Further we find that the minimum switching fluence depends on the number of pulses within a pulse train. We discuss our observations in terms of the currently debated theoretical models of AOS.
Development of the smartphone-based colorimetry for multi-analyte sensing arrays (2014)

Here we report development of a smartphone app (application) that digitizes the colours of a colorimetric sensor array. A conventional colorimetric sensor array consists of multiple paper-based sensors, and reports the detection results in terms of colour change. Evaluation of the colour changes is normally done by the naked eye, which may cause uncertainties due to personal subjectivity and the surrounding conditions. Solutions have been particularly sought in smartphones as they are capable of spectrometric functions. Our report specifically focuses on development of a practical app for immediate point-of-care (POC) multi-analyte sensing without additional devices. First, the individual positions of the sensors are automatically identified by the smartphone; second, the colours measured at each sensor are digitized based on a correction algorithm; and third, the corrected colours are converted to concentration values by pre-loaded calibration curves. All through these sequential processes, the sensor array taken in a smartphone snapshot undergoes laboratory-level spectrometry. The advantages of inexpensive and convenient paper-based colorimetry and the ubiquitous smartphone are tied to achieve a ready-to-go POC diagnosis.
Energy Transfer Switching in a Bistable Molecular Machine (2005)

[reaction: see text] A novel [2]rotaxane, containing pyrene and perylene bisimide as both stoppers and photoactive units, has been prepared. The shuttling of the protonated macrocycle switched the energy transfer (EN) from a pyrene moiety to a perylene moiety, which resulted in changes of fluorescence of the perylene moiety.
Re-ranking search results using semantic similarity (2011)

In this paper, we propose a re-ranking method which employs semantic similarity to improve the quality of search results. We fetch the top N results returned by search engine, and use semantic similarities between the candidate and the query to re-rank the results. We first convert the ranking position to an importance score for each candidate. Then we combine the semantic similarity score with this initial importance score and finally we get the new ranks. In the experiment, we use NDCG to evaluate the re-ranking results and the experimental results validate that our proposed method can indeed improve the search performance and meet users' need to a certain extent.
Resolution limitations for tailored picture-generating freeform surfaces (2012)

Picture-generating freeform surfaces are able to generate a picture in a defined plane by incoherent beam shaping comparable to illumination purposes. No classical imaging is performed. Therefore the classical Rayleigh criterion of the diffraction limit cannot be applied. In this paper, we investigate the physical light formation of picture-generating freeform surfaces using Fresnel-Huygens-based simulations. A criterion for the diffraction limit was found. The resolution of such surfaces is significantly inferior to the resolution of classical imaging systems. However, in many cases, such systems are limited by the geometrical resolution. The influence of those two limitations were examined and a maximum of resolution, being limited by diffraction and by geometrical parameters can be found.
Determination of Total and Free Phenytoin in Serum by Non-Isotopic Immunoassays and Gas Chromatography (1984)

Four different homogeneous non-isotopic immunoassays for the determination of total phenytoin in serum were evaluated and compared with a gaschromatographic method (GC) described by W. R. Külpmann & M. Oellerich [1981), J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 19, 249-258) enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), nephelometric inhibition immunoassay (NIIA) and substrate labeled fluorescent immunoassay (SLFIA). The between-days coefficients of variation in the medium therapeutic range were 4.0% (n = 29) with EMIT, 4.6% (n = 15) with FPIA, 7.8% (n = 10) with NIIA, 2.8% (n = 12) with SLFIA and 5.7% (n = 15) with GC. The recovery in spiked serum samples (phenytoin concentration: 11.9-99.1 mumol/l) was 98-101% with EMIT, 97-107% with FPIA, 102-110% with NIIA, 94-97% with SLFIA and 97-104% with GC. All of the tested immunoassays and GC yielded comparable results. The NIIA showed a somewhat lower correlation. In samples from an uraemic patient, however, great deviations from GC values were obtained with EMIT (bias: +22 to +85%) NIIA (+68 to +114%) and SLFIA (+48 to +52%). Only the results of FPIA were in good agreement with those of GC (bias: +1 to -7%). All the immunoassays showed a cross-reaction with 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, which was most expressed with SLFIA and NIIA. The detectability of the immunoassays was adequate to allow precise measurements within the therapeutic range. After ultrafiltration of the serum, free phenytoin was measured by EMIT, FPIA and capillary gas chromatography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Presentation of Large DNA Molecules for Analysis as Nanoconfined Dumbbells (2013)

The analysis of very large DNA molecules intrinsically supports long-range, phased sequence information, but requires new approaches for their effective presentation as part of any genome analysis platform. Using a multi-pronged approach that marshaled molecular confinement, ionic environment, and DNA elastic properties-but tressed by molecular simulations-we have developed an efficient and scalable approach for presentation of large DNA molecules within nanoscale slits. Our approach relies on the formation of DNA dumbbells, where large segments of the molecules remain outside the nanoslits used to confine them. The low ionic environment, synergizing other features of our approach, enables DNA molecules to adopt a fully stretched conformation, comparable to the contour length, thereby facilitating analysis by optical microscopy. Accordingly, a molecular model is proposed to describe the conformation and dynamics of the DNA molecules within the nanoslits; a Langevin description of the polymer dynamics is adopted in which hydrodynamic effects are included through a Green's function formalism. Our simulations reveal that a delicate balance between electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions is responsible for the observed molecular conformations. We demonstrate and further confirm that the "Odijk regime" does indeed start when the confinement dimensions size are of the same order of magnitude as the persistence length of the molecule. We also summarize current theories concerning dumbbell dynamics.
Ferrite-Piezoelectric Layered Structures: Microwave Magnetoelectric Effects and Electric Field Tunable Devices (2006)

Studies on (i) microwave magnetoelectric (ME) interactions in ferrite-piezoelectric bilayers and (ii) electric field tunable ME signal processing devices are discussed. An electric field E applied to the bilayer produces a mechanical deformation in the piezoelectric, resulting in a frequency (δ f) or magnetic field shift (δ H) in the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) absorption spectra for the ferrite. Bilayers of single crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and lead zirconium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) were studied. The strength of ME coupling A = δ H/E has been measured from FMR absorption profiles at 1–10 GHz for E = 0–10 kV/cm. Variation in δ f or δ H with E is found to be linear. A decrease in the ME coefficient is measured as the thickness of YIG film is increased. The fabrication and characterization of electric field tunable YIG/PMN-PT resonators are discussed.
Male-specific suppression of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activities toward sex hormones in the adult male rat administered bisphenol A (2002)

Various adverse effects of endocrine disruptors on the reproductive organs of male animals have been reported. We found that UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities towards bisphenol A, testosterone and oestradiol were significantly decreased in liver microsomes prepared from adult male Wistar rats administered with the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (1 mg/2 days for 2 or 4 weeks). However, suppression of the transferase activities was not observed in female rats, even after bisphenol A treatment for 4 weeks. Diethylstilbestrol, which is well known as an endocrine disruptor, had the same effects, but p -cumylphenol had no effect on UGT activities towards sex hormones. Co-administration of an anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen, inhibited the suppression of the transferase activities by bisphenol A. Western blotting analysis showed that the amount of UGT2B1, an isoform of UGT which glucuronidates bisphenol A, was decreased in the rat liver microsomes by the treatment. Northern blotting analysis also indicated that UGT2B1 mRNA in the liver was decreased by bisphenol A treatment. The suppression of UGT activities, UGT2B1 protein and UGT2B1 mRNA expression did not occur in female rats. The results indicate that bisphenol A treatment reduces the mRNA expression of UGT2B1 and other UGT isoforms that mediate the glucuronidation of sex hormones in adult male rats, and this suggests that the endocrine balance may be disrupted by suppression of glucuronidation.
Mobile ticketing with NFC management for transport companies. Problems and solutions (2013)

In this paper we analyze the problems that are encountered in mobile ticketing systems where proximity technologies are used for validation and check of the e-tickets, leaving out the stage of ticket purchase, which can be done either remotely or in proximity. We have identified several security issues that are common in mobile ticketing and we propose some methods to solve them. In addition, we propose a protocol to provide secure validation and check of e-tickets. The innovation of this protocol is that it provides a good level of security and it is sufficiently abstract to be independent of NFC operating mode; that is it works in classical Card Emulation mode making use of Secure Element and it is implementable in Peer-to-Peer mode too.
The new features of embedded system (2011)

With the development of embedded DSP and embedded Internet system, traditional RTOS appeals some inelastic. Some application specific operating systems, that are flexible and adjustable, appeared with powerful developing tools. This article briefly introduces the features, design idea and application of this systems.
The microsoft catapult project (2017)

All new Microsoft Azure and Bing servers are being deployed with an FPGA that sits both between the server and the data center network and on the PCIe bus. The FPGA is currently being used to accelerate networking on Azure machines and search on Bing machines, but could very quickly and easily be retargeted to other uses as needed. In this talk, I will describe how we decided on this architecture, the new data center model it introduces, and the benefits it provides.
Stability of ratings transitions (2001)

The distribution of ratings changes plays a crucial role in many credit risk models. As is well known, these distributions vary across time and different issuer types. Ignoring such dependencies may lead to inaccurate assessments of credit risk. In this paper, a quantification is provided of the dependence of ratings transition probabilities on the industry and domicile of the obligor, and on the stage of the business cycle. The incremental impact of these factors is identified using ordered probit models. This approach gives a clearer picture (than is obtained by comparing transition matrices estimated from different sub-samples) of which conditioning factors are important.
Four Orders of Magnitude Rate Increase in Artificial Enzyme-Catalyzed Aryl Glycoside Hydrolysis (2005)

[reaction: see text] (6AR,6DR)-6A,6D-Di-C-cyano-beta-cyclodextrin (1) and 6A,6D-di-C-cyano-alpha-cyclodextrin (2) were synthesized and shown to catalyze hydrolysis of aryl glycosides into glucose and phenol with a reaction following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. At pH 8.0 and 59 degrees C hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucopyranoside was catalyzed by 1 with KM = 10.5 +/- 1.5 mM, kcat = 1.42(+/-0.09) x 10(-4) s(-1), and kcat/kuncat = 7922. Catalysis was observed with a concentration of 1 as low as 10 microM. Hydrolysis of the other aryl glycosides containing stereochemical variation in the sugar-moiety and 4-nitro-, 2-nitro-, 2-aldehydo-, and 2,4-dinitro- were also catalyzed by 1 and 2 with kcat/kuncat ranging from 4 to 7100. Hydrolysis of a phenyl beta-d-glucoside or the thioglycoside tolylthio beta-D-glucoside was also catalyzed. From a series of prepared analogues of 1 it was found that the catalysis was associated with the hydroxyl groups alpha to the nitril groups. The monocyanohydrin 6-C-cyano-beta-cyclodextrin (3) was also found to catalyze the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl beta-glucopyranoside with kcat/kuncat = 1356. It was proposed that the cyclodextrin cyanohydrins 1-3 catalyze the hydrolysis by general acid catalysis on the bound substrate.
Marketing tactics and parents' loyalty: the mediating role of school image (2009)

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how marketing tactics can enhance parents' loyalty in the educational context. Building on extant research, it proposes an integrated framework in which perceived marketing tactics are related to school image, which in turn is related to parents' loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Five marketing tactics are selected. A questionnaire is constructed, and data are collected from 1,200 parents of schoolchildren studying in 60 elementary schools in Taiwan. A multiple regression analysis is conducted to analyze the data. Findings The results show that the selected marketing tactics all significantly and meaningfully predicted the perception of school image, however promotion tactics were the most effective strategy. In addition school image is an effective predictor of parents' behavior. Finally school image mediates the relationship between marketing tactics and parents' loyalty. Originality/value The finding suggests that school administrators can use marketing tactics in order to enhance school image that in turn leads to parents' school choice and word‐of‐mouth.
[Angiostrongylus in the infant at Reunion and Mayotte. Apropos of 3 cases of eosinophilic meningitis including 1 fatal radiculomyeloencephalitis with hydrocephalus]. (1997)

We report the first case of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in the French island of Mayotte (Comoro Islands) and we confirm the presence of this disease in Reunion island. In this Indian Ocean area, eosinophilic meningitis occurs most of the time in infants with sometimes severe radiculomyeloencephalitic forms. The origin of these occasionally massive infections is the giant African snail Achatina fulica. For a child with meningitis living in Reunion or Mayotte, or coming back from these 2 islands, Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection must be evoked, especially if there is a blood eosinophilia. Since efficiency of antiparasitic treatment is nowadays not proved, information must be given to people living in exposed areas in view to limit incidence of this disease.
Suppression of carcinogenesis in the intestines of min mice by the soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor. (1996)

We have performed experiments to determine whether the soybean-derived protease inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), has the ability to affect intestinal carcinogenesis in Min mice. Min mice have an autosomally dominantly inherited predisposition to multiple intestinal neoplasms and are known to have a very high spontaneous rate of tumor development in both the small intestine and colon. BBI was administered in the diet as BBI Concentrate (BBIC), the form of BBI which is currently being evaluated in human trials as a cancer chemopreventive agent. We observed that 0.5% dietary BBIC led to a 42-50% reduction in the number of tumors/mouse in the small intestine and colon and a 41% reduction of tumorigenesis in the colon when the data are analyzed in terms of the fraction of mice bearing tumors. Thus, tumor-development in both the small intestine and colon of Min mice can be significantly suppressed by BBIC, despite the fact that the animals carry a predisposing mutation that leads to a markedly increased intestinal tumor incidence and mortality rate.
Macroscopic 3D Nanographene with Dynamically Tunable Bulk Properties (2012)

Polymer-derived, monolithic three-dimensional nanographene (3D-NG) bulk material with tunable properties is produced by a simple and inexpensive approach. The material is mass-producible, and combines chemical inertness and mechanical strength with a hierarchical porous architecture and a graphene-like surface area. This provides an opportunity to control its electron transport and mechanical properties dynamically by means of electrochemical-induced interfacial electric fields.
Post-quantum key exchange - a new hope. (2015)

Abstract. Earlier in 2015, Bos, Costello, Naehrig, and Stebila (IEEE Security &amp; Privacy 2015) proposed an instantiation of Peikert&apos;s ring-learning-with-errors (Ring-LWE) based key-exchange protocol (PQCrypto 2014), together with an implementation integrated into OpenSSL, with the affirmed goal of providing post-quantum security for TLS. In this work we revisit their instantiation and stand-alone implementation. Specif-ically, we propose new parameters and a better suited error distribu-tion, analyze the scheme&apos;s hardness against attacks by quantum com-puters in a conservative way, introduce a new and more efficient error-reconciliation mechanism, and propose a defense against backdoors and all-for-the-price-of-one attacks. By these measures and for the same lat-tice dimension, we more than double the security parameter, halve the communication overhead, and speed up computation by more than a fac-tor of 8 in a portable C implementation and by more than a factor of 20 in an optimized implementation targeting current Intel CPUs. These speedups are achieved with comprehensive protection against timing at-tacks.
Multikingdom microscale models (2017)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Radiation enhanced efficiency of combined electromagnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy of lung carcinoma using cisplatin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. (2014)

The effect of trimodality treatment consisting of hyperthermia, cisplatin and radiation was investigated in two non-small lung carcinoma cell lines with different sensitivities to cisplatin. Hyperthermia treatment was performed using heat released via Neél and Brown relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles in an alternating magnetic field. Radiation with dose 1.5 Gy was performed after 15 min electromagnetic hyperthermia and cisplatin treatment. Electromagnetic hyperthermia enhanced cisplatin-induced radiosensitization in both the cisplatin-sensitive H460 (viability 11.2 +/- 1.8 %) and cisplatin-resistant A549 (viability 14.5 +/- 2.3 %) lung carcinoma cell line. Proposed nanotechnology based trimodality cancer treatment may have therefore important clinical applications.
Inhibitory effect of fucoidan on the adhesion of adenocarcinoma cells to fibronectin. (2005)

Fucoidans inhibit tumour cell adhesion to various substrata, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Using 3H-fucoidan, we observed that fucoidan binds to fibronectin, this binding being saturable and sensitive to ionic strength and pH. The interaction occurred on at least four different sites along the polypeptide chain, two of them being the heparin-binding sequences. Moreover, when MDA-MB-231 tumour cells were exposed to DTAF-fucoidan, internalization occurred and punctuated vesicles were observed in the perinuclear region. The treated cells also showed a different morphology with a cytoskeleton devoid of vinculin and a reorganiztion of the repartition of the integrin-alpha5 subunit on the cell surface. Based on these data, we hypothesize that fucoidan inhibits the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to fibronectin i) by blocking the protein's heparin- and cell-binding domains, ii) by modulating the reorganization of the integrin alpha5 subunit and iii) by down-regulating the expression of vinculin.
A Review of the Long-Term Health Outcomes Associated With War-Related Amputation (2009)

The rate of war-related amputations in current U.S. military personnel is now twice that experienced by military personnel in previous wars. We reviewed the literature for health outcomes following war-related amputations and 17 studies were retrieved with evidence that (a) amputees are at a significant risk for developing cardiovascular disease; (b) insulin may play an important role in regulating blood pressure in maturity-onset obesity; (c) lower-extremity amputees are at risk for joint pain and osteoarthritis; (d) transfemoral amputees report a higher incidence of low back pain than transtibial amputees; and (e) 50 to 80% report phantom limb pain, with many amputees stating they were either told that their pain was imagined or their mental state was questioned. The consistency of the observations on health outcomes in these studies warrants careful examination for their implication in the contemporary treatment of war-related amputation.
Simvastatin increases the antineoplastic actions of paclitaxel carried in lipid nanoemulsions in melanoma-bearing mice (2016)

Simva increased the antitumor activity of PTX carried in LDE but not of PTX commercial presentation, possibly because statins increase the expression of LDL receptors that internalize LDE-PTX.
Cobalt-substituted SrTi<sub>0.3</sub>Fe<sub>0.7</sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub>: a stable high-performance oxygen electrode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells (2018)

SrTi<sub>0.3</sub>Fe<sub>0.7−x</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3−δ</sub>oxygen electrodes provide a unique combination of low polarization resistance and stability useful for solid oxide electrochemical cells.
Characterization of Polypropylene and Polyester Meltblown Materials used for Food Oil Absorption (1992)

ABSTRACT Meltblown polypropylene and polyester and paper towels were examined for food oil absorption capacity by weight difference method. Six food oils (coconut, corn, cottonseed, olive, safflower, and sunflower) were used to include a range of fatty acid compositions. Materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy to note physical characteristics that related to absorption. Polypropylene absorbed 33.4% of the oils compared to 25.1% for polyester and 24.2% for paper towels. This was noted by the large pore size and small diameter fibers forming great numbers of pockets which could include oil. Polypropylene material should be considered in microwavable packaging as means to decrease dietary fat.