gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Novel approaches to angular scatter imaging using the translating apertures algorithm</title> (2000)

A new method of acquiring and processing angular scatter data in ultrasonic imaging is presented. This method, based on the translating apertures algorithm, eliminates system-dependent changes in the received point spread function (psf) that are associated with more conventional methods of angular scatter measurement. This ensures that changes in the received echo are dominated by changes in the angular scattering behavior of insonified targets, and allows for the development of a variety of new imaging methods. Comparison of received echoes acquired at multiple interrogation angles serves to enhance the contrast of targets exhibiting variations in angular scattering behavior relative to the surrounding medium. Emphasis is placed on the improved ability to highlight biological targets that exhibit significant variations in compressibility or density relative to background tissue (e.g. breast microcalcifications, calcified atherosclerotic plaques). Simulation indicates the enhancement of breast microcalcification contrast by 10 - 30 dB over standard b-mode acquisition at 10 MHz. More sophisticated imaging methods involving the frequency dependence of angular scatter and angular speckle coherence are also discussed. Practical implementation and evaluation of this method on a modern imaging system is discussed, and expectations for the performance and utility of this algorithm in clinical diagnosis are investigated.
Focusing in the second band of a flexible membrane photonic crystal (2005)

We show experimental results of anomalous refraction through a photonic crystal membrane. The membrane layer consists of a thin polymer film suspending a triangular array of silicon pillars. Light is coupled into the photonic crystal (PC) through ridge waveguides etched onto a silicon substrate. By altering the shape of the tip of the input waveguides, we can shape the light that is incident into the PC. In this paper we show that when we shape the field to be quasi point source like, the PC focuses the incident light onto a deflection block placed behind the membrane structure. We experimentally observe focusing of both TE and TM light inside the PC. In the same structure we have previously shown that when we illuminate the PC with a much broader beam incident at an angle, the light negatively refracts through the crystal. We designed the device so that it is capable of being stretched by mechanical actuators, which will stretch the polymer film and silicon lattice and distort the photonic band structure. Mechanical stretching of the dimensions of the flexible PC makes possible a device that can dynamically change its beam steering and focusing properties.
Biofilms 2009: New Perspectives at the Heart of Surface-Associated Microbial Communities (2010)

Biofilms have a major impact on human health, the environment, and industry.Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling biofilm formation and activity has the promise to transform the way physicians treat biofilm infections and to help us understand the activities of bacteria in the natural environment.For these reasons, biofilm research is currently an area of intense interest.The 5th ASM Conference on Biofilms brought together scientists from a wide range of scientific disciplines.Biofilms 2009 was held from 15 to 19 November 2009 in Cancun, Mexico.The conference was attended by 441 participants from a number of countries.Representing state and federal agencies, academic institutions, and professional organizations, the participants exchanged information and ideas on biofilm microbiology.Due to the international, multidisciplinary, and multicultural character of the meeting, the attendees had the opportunity to look beyond their own methodologies and praxis to novel technologies and experimental approaches.Most would agree that the meeting stimulated innovative thinking and new collaborations.As in past meetings, keynote speakers were invited to set the stage for three key emerging biofilm-related themes.In addition, the conference program included talks by invited, established researchers, as well as those selected by the scientific organization committee from the poster abstracts.The presenters shared their perspectives from fields as varied as biology, physics, chemistry, engineering, bioinformatics, biotechnology, and medicine.The meeting included three extensive poster sessions where investigators had the opportunity to discuss their research.A new feature of this year's biofilm conference was the presentation of four poster awards.Three of them were awarded in memory and recognition of outstanding scientists whose lifelong dedication to biofilm research made them internationally recognized leaders in the field.
Association of Alleles for High Stearic Acid with Agronomic Characters of Soybean<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Alleles that control four to sevenfold increases in the content of stearic acid in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil have been obtained by artificial mutagenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of three alleles for high stearic acid with agronomic and chemical characters of soybean. Three mutant lines, A6 with 282 g kg −1 stearic acid, A9 with 163 g kg −1 stearic acid, and A10 with 146 g kg −1 stearic acid, each with a different allele at a single locus controlling stearic acid content in the seed oil, were crossed to one of three high‐yielding genotypes with stearic acid content of about 40 g kg −1 . The F 1 plants of each mating were backcrossed without selection to the high‐yielding parent. Pairs of highand low‐stearic‐acid lines were selected from BC 1 F 2 ‐derived lines segregating for a high‐stearic‐acid allele. The pairs of lines were evaluated in a replicated test at three Iowa locations. There were no significant differences in the average yield of the high‐ and the low‐stearic‐acid lines from the A9 and A10 crosses. In the A6 cross, the low‐stearic‐acid lines had significantly greater seed yield than high‐stearic‐acid lines by an average of 7.7%. For the other characters measured, the maximum differences between the mean performance of high‐ and low‐stearic‐acid lines for any of the three crosses were 2.9 days for time of maturity, 4 cm for plant height, 0.3 units for lodging score, 8 mg seed −1 for seed weight, 13 g kg −1 for seed protein, and 1 g kg −1 for seed oil. The stearic acid contents of the BC 1 F 3 ‐derived lines generally were less than those of their donor parent, which indicated that modifying genes may influence this character.
<i>In vitro</i> trans-differentiation of adult hepatic stem cells into pancreatic endocrine hormone-producing cells (2002)

Although organ-specific stem cells possess plasticity that permit differentiation along new lineages, production of endocrine pancreas and insulin-secreting beta cells from adult nonpancreatic stem cells has not been demonstrated. We present evidence that highly purified adult rat hepatic oval "stem" cells, which are capable of differentiation to hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium, can trans-differentiate into pancreatic endocrine hormone-producing cells when cultured in a high-glucose environment. These differentiated cells can self-assemble to form three-dimensional islet cell-like clusters that express pancreatic islet cell differentiation-related transcripts detectable by reverse transcription-PCR/nested PCR (e.g., PDX-1, PAX-4, PAX-6, Nkx2.2 and Nkx6.1, insulin I, insulin II, glucose transporter 2, and glucagon) and islet-specific hormones detectable by immunocytochemistry (e.g., insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide). In addition, these cells concomitantly lose expression of the hepatocyte protein Hep-par. When stimulated with glucose, these cells synthesize and secrete insulin, a response enhanced by nicotinamide. In a pilot study, the oval cell-derived islet cell-like clusters displayed the ability to reverse hyperglycemia in a diabetic NOD-scid mouse. These results indicate that primary adult liver stem cells can differentiate in a nonlineage-restricted manner. Trans-differentiation into endocrine pancreas could have significant implications for future therapies of diabetes.
Potent CYP3A4 Inhibitors Derived from Dillapiol and Sesamol (2019)

Synthesis of 50 analogues of the natural insecticide synergists, dillapiol and sesamol, is reported. These were evaluated as potential insecticide synergists based on their inhibition of human CYP3A4. The most potent inhibitors have a relatively large hydrophobic substituent at either position 5 or 6 of these molecules. For example, 5-(benzyloxy)-6-(3-phenylsulfonyl)propyl)benzo[<i>d</i>][1,3]dioxole (<b>18</b>) and the diphenyl acetate of (6,7-dimethoxybenzo[<i>d</i>][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)propan-1-ol (<b>5n</b>) show inhibitory concentrations for 50% activity IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.086 and 0.2 μM, respectively. These compounds are 106 and 46 times more potent than dillapiol whose IC<sub>50</sub> for the inhibition of CYP3A4 is 9.2 μM. The <i>ortho</i>-chloro analogue (<b>8f</b>), whose activity is 86 times the activity of dillapiol, is the most potent of the fourteen 5-(benzyloxy-6-(2 propenyl)benzo[<i>d</i>][1,3]dioxoles prepared for this study.
Enhancing Targeted Therapy for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2013)

Abstract : Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers that affect almost 300,000 people in the United States. MPN drugs (JAK inhibitors) do not effectively induce remission. Thus there is continued need to develop effective therapies for these blood cancers. The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of statins alone and in combination with JAK inhibition on MPN cells driven by the JAK2-V617F oncogene. We have determined that statins have growth inhibitory effects on MPN cells and induce cell death by apoptosis, which is prevented by the addition of mevalonate. Statin treatment also inhibited the colony formation of primary cells from MPN patients, but not from healthy individuals. Statin treatment alone or in combination with a JAK2 inhibitor did not affect disease formation in an MPN mouse model, suggesting statin effects on MPN cells may be restricted to in vitro experiments, or that the effects of statins on MPN cells in vivo requires doses of drug that have not been tested or are unattainable. While evidence that cholesterol plays a role in MPNs continues to mount, our work suggests additional research is required to determine if statins should be considered in a potential therapeutic strategy for MPNs.
CXCR5 guides migration and tumor eradication of anti-EGFR chimeric antigen receptor T cells (2021)

The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T is still not optimal for solid tumors, partly due to the lack of T cell infiltration to the tumor site. One promising strategy is to guide T cells through tumor-specific chemokines, provided that the matching chemokine receptors are expressed on T cells. Previous reports showed that, for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the tumor sites express high levels of chemokine CXCL13, whereas CXCR5, the only receptor for CXCL13, is mainly expressed on B cells and follicle helper T cells. Therefore, we engineered an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) CAR-T cell to express a second receptor CXCR5, to facilitate migration of CAR-T cells to the CXCL13-expressing NSCLC tumors, and to minimize EGFR-CAR-T possible off-tumor, on-target toxicity. We first confirmed CXCL13 expression in NSCLC patient blood and cancer tissues and the absence of CXCR5 expression in normal CD3 T cells. Next, we demonstrated that EGFR-CXCR5-CAR-T cells have similar killing activity as EGFR-CAR-T with a cytotoxicity assay <i>in vitro</i>. Furthermore, the <i>in vitro</i> Transwell assay and <i>in vivo</i> xenograft tumor mouse model were used to confirm that EGFR-CXCR5-CAR-T exhibits a significant increase in T cell infiltration to CXCL13-expressing tumors and eradicates the CXCL13-expressing tumors more efficiently.
Robust Color Correction for Stereo (2011)

Color difference between views of a stereo pair is a challenging problem. Applications such as compression of stereo image demands the compensation of color differences which is typically done by methods called color mapping. Color mapping is based on feature correspondences. From these feature correspondences, color correspondences are generated which is ultimately used for the color mapping model. This paper focuses on detection of outliers in the feature correspondences. We propose novel iterative outlier removal method which exploits the neighborhood color information of the feature correspondences. From the analysis of our experimental results and comparing with existing methods we conclude by arguing that spatial color neighborhood information around the feature correspondences along with an iterative color mapping can detect outliers in general and can bring a robust color correction.
Sweeping photoreflectance spectroscopy of semiconductors (1990)

We report a new type of photoreflectance (PR) by means of sweeping the pump laser beam. The modulation is achieved by moving the position of the pump beam with respect to the probe beam. In the conventional photoreflectance (using a mechanical chopper) the problem is caused by photoluminescence (PL) produced by the pump light. This is particularly acute at low temperatures where the PL is large. In our novel sweeping photoreflectance (SPR) technique the pump intensity is constant. Hence the problem associated with the luminescence is eliminated. Therefore SPR spectra can be obtained at much lower temperatures than conventional PR. The signal to noise ratio in SPR is usually better than that in conventional PR. The sources of noise in both conventional and sweeping photoreflectance is also discussed.
Deconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaksRichard F. LaceyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 7, 1404–1410Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00298a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00298a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views564Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resource Management for Web Applications in ServiceOS (2010)

Recent work [42] has established the need to build a web browser as a multi-principal operating system where a principal is a web site. That work designed the protection architecture of such a browser. Another fundamental facility that an OS must offer is resource management, including both access control and resource sharing among authorized principals. Unfortunately, resource management in existing browsers is largely nonexistent, and resource management of a commodity OS is ill-suited for many web applications that embed content from other principals. In this paper, we tackle the problem of resource management for web applications in a multi-principal OSbased browser called ServiceOS. ServiceOS provides web applications with systematic and consistent access and control of devices, such as camera and GPS, and it uses a novel DOM-recursive resource allocation policy by default when resources like CPU and network bandwidth are under contention. We also introduce application-specified resource allocation to allow web programmers to explicitly influence resource management based on web application semantics. We have built a ServiceOS prototype that manages a wide range of resources, including CPU, memory, network bandwidth, and devices like cameras, microphones, or GPS. Our evaluation shows that compared to existing browsers, ServiceOS provides web applications with improved service quality, fairness, and security.
Phrase-based statistical machine translation as a traveling salesman problem (2009)

An efficient decoding algorithm is a crucial element of any statistical machine translation system. Some researchers have noted certain similarities between SMT decoding and the famous Traveling Salesman Problem; in particular (Knight, 1999) has shown that any TSP instance can be mapped to a sub-case of a word-based SMT model, demonstrating NP-hardness of the decoding task. In this paper, we focus on the reverse mapping, showing that any phrase-based SMT decoding problem can be directly reformulated as a TSP. The transformation is very natural, deepens our understanding of the decoding problem, and allows direct use of any of the powerful existing TSP solvers for SMT decoding. We test our approach on three datasets, and compare a TSP-based decoder to the popular beam-search algorithm. In all cases, our method provides competitive or better performance.
<title>Coupling efficiency of a batch-aligned laser-fiber array</title> (1992)

Coupling efficiencies for 32-wide, batch-aligned arrays of laser-fiber interconnects were measured and compared to the efficiency obtainable with individual alignment. The tests were carried out using 1300 nm, InP ridge lasers and Corning SMF-28, single-mode optical fibers. In this paper, the associated fabrication and alignment techniques are described briefly. Results are given showing how coupling efficiency depends on misalignment, on laser-to-fiber distance, on fiber bevel angle, and on piece-to-piece variations among lasers and fibers. A direct comparison of batch alignment versus individual alignment is also given, which shows that the average batch-aligned efficiency is about 88 percent as large as the individually aligned (optimal) efficiency. This result, which reflects a particular packaging methodology and best-effort alignment, gives a good indication of the coupling efficiencies which may be typically expected for wide, batch-aligned arrays.
A wide-band 20W LMOS Doherty power amplifier (2010)

This work discusses the efficiency bandwidth constrains in Doherty amplifiers. An analysis of the bandwidth limitations imposed by the impedance inverter and output capacitance of the active devices is given. Alternative wideband matching and output connection schemes for Doherty amplifiers are evaluated for their efficiency performance both at full output power, as well as, in power back-off operation. The presented theory is verified using a Doherty demonstrator amplifier, which allows independent control of the input signals for the main and peak device. The related measurements show the largest high-efficiency bandwidth reported up to date for a Doherty amplifier.
Machine Learning Applied to Blockage Classification in Automotive Radar (2020)

Detection of radar blockage is a critical safety function for automotive radar. In this paper, we report on a machine-learning approach to classify the blockage condition in automotive radar, using detection data. We consider logistic regression, tree-bagging, and neural network approaches. We used pruning to reduce the size of the neural network to make it a viable option for embedded processors with limited memory. The results show that the classifiers, especially the neural network, can achieve high accuracy with a low false-alarm rate.
Rolling Weight Deflectometer with Thermal and Vibrational Bending Compensation (1996)

A pavement deflectometer has been developed for continuous measurement of airfield pavements under a rolling load wheel. The rolling weight deflectometer (RWD) measures pavement deflection using a new method of laser triangulation. It also compensates for bending of the beam on which the sensors are mounted. This compensation allows accurate measurement of deflection in the presence of motion and thermal effects. The deflection measurement incorporates data from four equally spaced pavement sensors mounted on a beam. The method requires the sensors to remain in a straight line at all times. This method was previously plagued with measurement errors caused by thermal and vibrational effects. The RWD uses a laser beam to monitor the state of bending of the physical beam in real time. The bending data are used with pavement sensor data to produce accurate deflection measurements in the presence of any amount of beam bending. The bending-compensated RWD produces deflection measurements on 0.3-m (1-ft) intervals with an accuracy of 40 microns (0.0015 in.) while moving at 10 km/hr (6 mph). The RWD is composed of a towed trailer, a networked data-acquisition system, and a load platform. Its essential elements consist of a horizontally transported beam, strategically placed pavement sensors, sensors to measure beam bending, an odometer, and a data-acquisition computer. A brief history of pavement deflection methods is presented along with a description of the RWD. Preliminary field results include a comparison between data obtained by a falling weight deflectometer and the RWD.
Expression of foreign epitopes on recombinant occlusion bodies of baculoviruses (1992)

Recombinant polyhedrin proteins of the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were constructed to serve as immunologic carriers of foreign epitopes. Several recombinants containing an influenza haemagglutinin epitope were obtained. Three of the five recombinants formed occlusion bodies (OBs) and two did not. All of the recombinant polyhedrin proteins reacted with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for an influenza epitope in Western blots. Presentation of the foreign epitope on the surface of recombinant OBs was demonstrated by specific immunoprecipitation of the anti-influenza mAb with recombinant OBs. The recombinant polyhedrin-influenza epitope fusion protein stimulated an influenza-specific immune response in rabbits.
Nanoscale electronic synapses using phase change devices (2013)

The memory capacity, computational power, communication bandwidth, energy consumption, and physical size of the brain all tend to scale with the number of synapses, which outnumber neurons by a factor of 10,000. Although progress in cortical simulations using modern digital computers has been rapid, the essential disparity between the classical von Neumann computer architecture and the computational fabric of the nervous system makes large-scale simulations expensive, power hungry, and time consuming. Over the last three decades, CMOS-based neuromorphic implementations of “electronic cortex” have emerged as an energy efficient alternative for modeling neuronal behavior. However, the key ingredient for electronic implementation of any self-learning system—programmable, plastic Hebbian synapses scalable to biological densities—has remained elusive. We demonstrate the viability of implementing such electronic synapses using nanoscale phase change devices. We introduce novel programming schemes for modulation of device conductance to closely mimic the phenomenon of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) observed biologically, and verify through simulations that such plastic phase change devices should support simple correlative learning in networks of spiking neurons. Our devices, when arranged in a crossbar array architecture, could enable the development of synaptronic systems that approach the density (∼10 11 synapses per sq cm) and energy efficiency (consuming ∼1pJ per synaptic programming event) of the human brain.