gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated microelectromechanical resonant output gyroscope (2003)

We describe the principle of operation and experimental characterization of an integrated micromechanical vibratory rate gyroscope based on resonant sensing of the Coriolis force. The new design has several advantages over rate gyroscopes that utilize open-loop displacement sensing for rotation rate measurement. Some of these advantages include simpler dynamics and control, improved scale factor stability, large dynamic range, high resolution, and a quasi-digital FM output. A z-axis integrated surface-micromachined gyroscope fabricated at the Sandia National Laboratories has a measured noise floor of 0.3 deg/sec//spl radic/(Hz).
Novel implementations of scatterometry for lithography process control (2002)

Lithography process control is one of the greatest challenges of modern semiconductor manufacturing. Due to the complexity of the overall lithography process, the number of process elements that can contribute to the process yield is large. One area of chief concern ins the control of focus on the lithography tool. Determination of the center of focus for a fixed dose during the photoresist development step in wafer processing is critical. Furthermore, dose variations can compound the difficulty in determining this center of focus. The lenses that are used in steppers have a very limited depth of focus, so utmost precision is necessary. Lense that are in focus will yield sharper printed photoresist images, and lack of focus will result in improperly developed photoresist features. Being at the center of focus also improves process repeatability. Scatterometry is a technology well-suited for lithography inspection and process control because it provides rapid measurement data and can be used for the measurement of resist line profiles. In this research we will report on several different methods for lithography focus control, including approaches that use conventional scatterometry models as well as a model-less algorithm. Comparisons will be drawn between commanded focus offsets, stage tilts and the focus response from the scatterometer. Use of the focus control techniques to map illumination modes and field non- linearity will also be shown.
Efficient, transparent, and comprehensive runtime code manipulation (2004)

This thesis addresses the challenges of building a software system for general-purpose runtime code manipulation. Modern applications, with dynamically-loaded modules and dynamicallygenerated code, are assembled at runtime. While it was once feasible at compile time to observe and manipulate every instruction — which is critical for program analysis, instrumentation, trace gathering, optimization, and similar tools — it can now only be done at runtime. Existing runtime tools are successful at inserting instrumentation calls, but no general framework has been developed for fine-grained and comprehensive code observation and modification without high overheads. This thesis demonstrates the feasibility of building such a system in software. We present DynamoRIO, a fully-implemented runtime code manipulation system that supports code transformations on any part of a program, while it executes. DynamoRIO uses code caching technology to provide efficient, transparent, and comprehensive manipulation of an unmodified application running on a stock operating system and commodity hardware. DynamoRIO executes large, complex, modern applications with dynamically-loaded, generated, or even modified code. Despite the
Secondary Precipitation in Aluminium Alloys & Its Role in Modern Heat Treatment (2006)

This paper reviews some of the practical outcomes of exploiting secondary precipitation during the heat treatment of aluminium alloys and discusses current understanding of this phenomenon. Recent studies have utilised the techniques of positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), 3D atom probe (3DAP) as well as the more traditional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate early precipitation events that occur during secondary ageing at low temperatures (~20-65°C). This work has confirmed that clustering and GP zone formation can modify the nature and distribution of precipitates that form when ageing is subsequently resumed at more elevated temperatures. Prospects for achieving further improvements in heat treatment schedules and alloy compositions to take greater advantage of secondary precipitation are also considered.
Efficient Solar Cells Using All‐Organic Nanocrystalline Networks (2007)

A full-organic donor/acceptor (DA) network formed by crystalline molecules is introduced to organic solar cells. Structural analysis shows that the network is composed of donor and acceptor nanocrystals. The increased DA interface area increases photo current generation and the interconnected networks form conductive pathways for charge extraction. The solar cell using nanocrystalline DA network shows a three-fold improvement on photocurrent over that of a bilayer cell using the same DA combination.
Registration of ‘UA222’ Cotton Cultivar (2012)

‘UA222’ (Reg. No. CV‐130, PI 664929) is a conventional cultivar of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) that was released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in November 2011. UA222 was released as part of an ongoing effort to develop improved genotypes having enhanced yield, yield components, earliness, host‐plant resistance, and fiber properties. Lint yields of UA222 were 10 and 13% greater than those of DP393 and SG105, respectively, at four Arkansas locations over 4 yr. These enhanced lint yields were related to greater lint per seed rather than to more seed per area. Lint yields of UA222 in tests outside of Arkansas indicate that it is widely adapted. UA222 displays high resistance to bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye] and is the same as DP 393 in its response to other diseases and to tarnished plant bugs [ Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois)]. UA222 exhibited greater fiber length, length uniformity, and elongation and lower micronaire than DP393 and SG105. These fiber qualities are positively related to better spinning performance. UA222 displays an unusual combination of high‐yield, high fiber quality, and host‐plant resistance traits.
Scalable conditional equivalence checking: An automated invariant-generation based approach (2009)

Sequential equivalence checking (SEC) technologies, capable of demonstrating the behavioral equivalence of two designs, have grown dramatically in capacity over the past decades. The ability to efficiently identify and leverage internal equivalence points to reduce the domain of the overall SEC problem is central to SEC scalability. However, conditionally equivalent designs - within which internal equivalence may not exist under sequential observability don't care conditions - are notoriously difficult for automated SEC tools. This paper constitutes one of the first attempts to advance the scalability of SEC for conditionally equivalent designs through automated invariant generation, which enables an inductive solution to an otherwise highly-noninductive problem. Through careful software engineering and various heuristics, this technique has been demonstrated capable of yielding orders of magnitude speedup on difficult industrial conditional SEC problems, in cases constituting the only method that we have found to achieve an automated solution.
Multifrequency, single-pass free-electron laser. [Patent application] (1982)

A method for simultaneous amplification of laser beams with a sequence of freqeuncies in a single pass, using a relativistic beam of electrons grouped in a sequence of energies corresponding to the sequence of laser beam frequencies is described. The method allows electrons to pass from one potential well or bucket to another adjacent bucket, thus increasing efficiency of trapping and energy conversion.
Detection of <i>Candida</i> Species in Vaginal Samples in a Clinical Laboratory Setting (2005)

These results provide geographic- and age-specific data on four Candida species associated with vaginitis.
Ground plane boosters to provide multi-band operation in wireless handheld devices (2011)

Recent demand for multifunctional wireless devices\nhas increased the challenge for the antenna designe\nrs, who has to\naddress it by providing small antennas able to oper\nate in\nmultiple communication standards. This paper propos\nes a new\ngeneration of radiating systems capable of providin\ng multi-band\noperation without the need of including a dedicated\nantenna. The\nsolution is based on the excitation of a structure\nalready existing\nin any wireless handheld device, the ground plane.\nSaid\nexcitation is carried out through a pair of booster\ns with\ndimensions 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm, especially designed\nto transfer\nthe maximum power to the efficient ground plane rad\niation\nmode. In addition, a radiofrequency system is combi\nned with the\nbooster-based radiating structure in order to provi\nde penta-band\noperation. The feasibility of the proposal has been\ntested by\nelectromagnetic simulations as well as by experimen\ntal\nmeasurements. Furthermore the human head interactio\nn\nconcerning Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) has been\nanalyzed\nand a proposal for its reduction is presented. As a\nresult a\npromising standard solution for a radiating system\ncapable to\noperate in the main communication standards GSM850,\nGSM900, DCS, PCS and UMTS is provided with a volume\nreduction factor around 20 compared with current te\nchnologies
2.4 kb/sec compressed domain teleconference bridge with universal transcoder (2002)

Advanced new technologies, such as cellular-telephone-quality ultra-low-rate speech coders, model domain transcoders, and compressed domain conferencing algorithms provide an opportunity to develop a compressed domain conference bridge system for use in secure, survivable military communications environments. The new conference bridge will allow seamless interoperability with diverse voice terminals and enable full-duplex teleconference operation. Unlike users of half-duplex systems, conferencing participants will be able to talk at the same time and hear the two most relevant simultaneous talkers over a single 2.4 kbit/s connection. This paper describes a system architecture that implements the features mentioned above. Compared to conventional multicast conferencing algorithms, the new system will consume a significantly smaller portion of the satellite resources; for N conference participants, conventional multicast requires N/sup 2/ channels, while the new system will use only 2N channels.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Tumor Radiosensitization by Monomethyl Auristatin E: Mechanism of Action and Targeted Delivery (2023)

<p>HCT-116 tumor xenografts have b3 integrin expression.</p>
DeltaFS (2015)

High performance computing fault tolerance depends on scalable parallel file system performance. For more than a decade scalable bandwidth has been available from the object storage systems that underlie modern parallel file systems, and recently we have seen demonstrations of scalable parallel metadata using dynamic partitioning of the namespace over multiple metadata servers. But even these scalable parallel file systems require significant numbers of dedicated servers, and some workloads still experience bottlenecks. We envision exascale parallel file systems that do not have any dedicated server machines. Instead a parallel job instantiates a file system namespace service in client middleware that operates on only scalable object storage and communicates with other jobs by sharing or publishing namespace snapshots. Experiments shows that our serverless file system design, DeltaFS, performs metadata operations orders of magnitude faster than traditional file system architectures.
Immunization of <i>Saimiri sciureus</i> Monkeys with a Recombinant Hybrid Protein Derived from the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Antigen Glutamate-Rich Protein and Merozoite Surface Protein 3 Can Induce Partial Protection with Freund and Montanide ISA720 Adjuvants (2005)

The immunogenicity and efficacy of a hybrid recombinant protein derived from the N-terminal end of the glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) and the C-terminal portion of the merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3) of Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in Saimiri sciureus monkeys. The GLURP/MSP3 hybrid protein, expressed in Lactococcus lactis, was administered in association with alum, Montanide ISA720, or complete or incomplete Freund adjuvant (CFA/IFA) in groups of five animals each. The three formulations were shown to be immunogenic, but the one with alum was shown to be weak compared to the other two, particularly CFA/IFA, which provided very high antibody titers (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of >3,000,000 and immunofluorescence antibody test titers of 6,400). After a challenge infection with P. falciparum FUP strain, all five monkeys from the GLURP/MSP3-alum group showed a rapid increase in parasitemia, reaching 10% and were treated early. The two monkeys with the highest antibody titers in group GLURP/MSP3-Montanide ISA720 had a delay in the course of parasitemia and were treated late due to a low hematocrit. In the GLURP/MSP3-CFA/IFA group, parasitemia remained below this threshold in four of the five animals and, after it reached a peak, parasitemia started to decrease and monkeys were treated late. When all animals were grouped according to the outcome, a statistically significant association between high antibody titers and partial protection was observed. The challenge infection boosted the antibody titers, and the importance of this event for vaccine efficacy in areas where this parasite is endemic is discussed. In conclusion, these data suggest that GLURP and MSP3 can induce protection against malaria infection if antibodies are induced at properly high titers.
Magnetorheological elastomer mount for shock and vibration isolation (2011)

A novel magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) mount is designed, fabricated, and tested to provide a wide controllable compression static stiffness range for protecting a system with variable payload from external shock and vibration. The shear static stiffness and compression dynamic stiffness were also studied. MRE is a field-controllable material in which the stiffness properties can be altered by changing the applied magnetic field. A MRE mount is developed by using 0.5-inch thick MRE layers and built-in electromagnets. The performance of the 2-layer MRE mount is characterized by compression, shear, vibration, and shock tests. The tests demonstrate that the variable-stiffness MRE mount can be used for shock and vibration isolation applications.
Mechanism of diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition: Carbon-13 studies (1992)

Previous 13CH4/12C2H2 isotopic competition experiments on the mechanism of diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition are reanalyzed in light of recent evidence for a nonlinear dependence of the first-order Raman shift frequency on 13C mole fraction. The new Raman data imply a 13C mole fraction for mixed-isotope diamond films several percent higher than that reported previously. The corrected carbon-13 mole fractions of polycrystalline diamond films and homoepitaxial films grown on (100), (111), and (110) natural diamond substrates were each equal, within experimental error, to that of the methane above the substrate but significantly different from that of gas-phase acetylene. As the 13C mole fractions of methyl radical and methane should be nearly identical, the methyl radical is concluded to be the predominant growth precursor regardless of the crystallographic orientation of the diamond substrate.
Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase transfer catalysis, 1. Alternating block copolymers of unsaturated polyethers and aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s (1984)

Abstract Williamson etherification in the presence of phase transfer catalysts was successfully applied to the synthesis of alternating block copolymers and regular copolymers. Unsaturated polyethers( 5a and 5b ) containing chloroallylic (electrophilic) end groups (prepared from cis‐ or trans‐ 1, 4‐dichloro‐2‐butene and Bisphenol A) and aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s ( 3a ) containing terminal phenol (nucleophilic) groups were polycondensed in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as phase transfer catalyst to give alternating block copolymers. The same telechelic polymers were chain‐extended with dinucleophilic or dielectrophilic monomers under similar reaction conditions. Both the regular copolymers and the alternating block copolymers were characterized by gel pormeation chromatography and DSC.
In Vivo Elasticity Mapping of Posterior Ocular Layers Using Acoustic Radiation Force Optical Coherence Elastography (2018)

High sensitivity elasticity maps can be obtained using the ARF-OCE system to differentiate different retinal layers. Subtle changes in the mechanical properties during the onset of diseases, such as retinal degeneration, can be measured and aid in early clinical diagnosis. This study validates our imaging system for the characterization of retinal elasticity for the detection of retinal diseases in vivo.
The Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Human Diacylglycerol Kinase, DGKι (1998)

Diacylglycerol (DAG) plays a central role in both the synthesis of complex lipids and in intracellular signaling; diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of DAG, which yields phosphatidic acid. A family of DGKs has been identified in multicellular organisms over the past few years, but the physiological function(s) of this diversity is not clear. One clue has come from the Drosophila DGK2, rdgA, since mutations in this gene cause retinal degeneration. We isolated a novel DGK, which we designated DGKiota, from human retina and brain libraries. DGKiota contains two cysteine-rich repeats, a region similar to the phosphorylation site domain of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, a conserved catalytic domain, and four ankyrin repeats at its C terminus. By primary structure, it is most similar to human DGKzeta and Drosophila rdgA. An >12-kilobase mRNA for DGKiota was detected only in brain and retina among the tissues examined. In cells transfected with the DGKiota cDNA, we detected an approximately 130-kDa protein by immunoassay, and activity assays demonstrated that it encodes a functional DAG kinase. The protein was found to be in both the cytoplasm and nucleus with the localization controlled by PKC isoforms alpha and gamma. The gene encoding DGKiota was localized to human chromosome 7q32.3-33, which is known to be a locus for an inherited form of retinitis pigmentosa. These results have defined a novel isoform of DAG kinase, which may have important cellular functions in the retina and brain.
A Phosphoglucomutase-Like Gene Essential for the Optimal Expression of Methicillin Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : Molecular Cloning and DNA Sequencing (1996)

We describe here the cloning and sequencing of a new auxiliary gene identified by Tn551 insertional mutagenesis of the highly and homogeneously methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain COL. The insertionally inactivated mutant RUSA315 had intact mecA and normal amounts of PBP2A, but drastically reduced antibiotic resistance (drop in methicillin MIC from 1600 to 1.5 micrograms ml-1), a unique heterogeneous phenotype, and a compositional change in the cell wall characterized by the complete disappearance of the unsubstituted disaccharide pentapeptide from the peptidoglycan. Cloning in E. coli followed by sequencing located the Tn551 insert omega 720 in an open reading frame of 451 codons, provisionally called femR315, defining a polypeptide with a deduced amino acid sequence that showed over 26% sequence identity and 57% overall sequence similarity with the phosphoglucomutase (PGM) gene of E. coli. The Tn551 insertion site of a previously described mutant 12F (femD) also lies in the same gene as femR315. The wild-type form of femR315 subcloned in a shuttle vector fully restored expression of high level (parental) methicillin resistance in mutant RUSA315. The exact biochemical function of femR315 is not known. However, enzymes similar to PGM catalyze the isomerization of hexose and hexosamine phosphates leading to the formation of glucosamine-1-P, which is an obligate precursor in the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-NAGA). We propose that the suppression of methicillin resistance in RUSA315 is related to some functional or quantitative abnormality of UDP-NAGA metabolism.
Enhanced Erbium–Zirconia–Yttria–Aluminum Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier (2015)

An efficient optical amplifier is demonstrated using an improved erbium-zirconia-yttria-aluminum co-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) as the gain medium. With a combination of both Zr and Al, we could achieve a high erbium doping concentration with an absorption loss of around 80.0 dB/m at 980 nm. The Zr-EDF is obtained from a fiber preform, which is fabricated in a ternary glass host, i.e., a zirconia-yttria-aluminum co-doped silica fiber, using a modified chemical vapor deposition, in conjunction with a solution doping process. At the optimum length of 1 m, the Zr-EDF amplifier produces a flat gain of 38 dB within a wavelength region between 1530 and 1565 nm with a gain variation of less than 3 dB when the input signal power and 980 nm pump power are fixed at $-$30 dBm and 130 mW, respectively. The highest gain of 40.3 dB is obtained at 1560 nm wavelength. Compared with the previous Zr-EDF amplifier, the proposed Zr-EDFA shows improved gain, particularly at longer wavelengths. The gain is enhanced by about 15.8 dB at a wavelength of 1560 nm for an input signal of $-$30 dBm.
The FELIX Project: Deep Networks To Detect Pancreatic Neoplasms (2022)

ABSTRACT Tens of millions of abdominal images are obtained with computed tomography (CT) in the U.S. each year but pancreatic cancers are sometimes not initially detected in these images. We here describe a suite of algorithms (named FELIX) that can recognize pancreatic lesions from CT images without human input. Using FELIX, > 95% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas were detected at a specificity of > 95% in patients without pancreatic disease. FELIX may be able to assist radiologists in identifying pancreatic cancers earlier, when surgery and other treatments offer more hope for long-term survival.