gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-current-gain low-temperature pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistor utilizing sidewall base-contact structure (SICOS) (1991)

An experimental pseudo-heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is described. The pseudo-HBT is a homojunction bipolar transistor having a moderately doped emitter and a heavily doped base, providing a bandgap profile similar to those of actual HBTs. Analyses including real constraints, such as a heavily doped emitter region for ohmic contact and the profile tail in the base region, show a significant change in the way they affect injection characteristics between 300 and 77 K. Based on these analyses, an impurity profile is carefully designed for upward mode operation. The electron injection into the external base region. which is thought to be unfavorable for high current gain in the upward mode, is avoided by using the sidewall base-contact structure. The fabricated transistor clearly displays a negative temperature dependence on current gain. The current gain is 107 at 77 K, which is 5 times higher than the room-temperature current gain. In addition, current gain excluding the nonideal effects at 77 K is as high as 25,000. These results not only remove gain degradation at low temperatures, but also verify the pseudo-HBT concept, in which an injection efficiency as high as that of an HBT can be obtained using only homojunctions. Based on these results, the small emitter transit time inherent in pseudo-HBTs is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
35.4: New Approach for Wall Display with Fine Plasma Tube Array Technology (2002)

Abstract A wall‐sized emissive full‐color display with fine plasma tubes using three electrodes is proposed. Each tube has an internal MgO overcoat and a phosphor layer. The experimental display was fabricated and the results will be presented. This method will realize a display with a flexible screen shape and an expandable screen size.
Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterials. Part 8. Synthesis of novel pentopyranosyl and pentofuranosyl derivatives of gentamine C1 and C1a (1981)

The syntheses of a variety of 6-O- and 5-O-pentopyranosyl and -pentofuranosyl derivatives from 1,3,2′,6′-tetrakis-N-benzyloxycarbonylgentamine C1a and C1 are described. These include neutral glycosides as well as 3-amino-3-deoxy- and 3-deoxy-3-methylamino-glycosides. The solution conformations of these novel semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibacterials are described.
Elimination of Stacking Faults in Semipolar GaN and Light-Emitting Diodes Grown on Sapphire (2019)

We report a novel approach to eliminate stacking faults (SFs) and prepare large-area, SF-free semipolar gallium nitride (GaN) on sapphire substrates. A root cause of the formation of basal-plane SFs is the emergence of N-polar (0001̅) facets during semipolar and nonpolar heteroepitaxies. Invoking the concept of kinetic Wulff plot, we succeeded in suppressing the occurrence of N-polar GaN (0001̅) facets and, consequently, in eliminating the stacking faults generated in (0001̅) basal planes. Furthermore, InGaN light-emitting diodes with promising characteristics have been produced on the SF-free semipolar (202̅1) GaN on sapphire substrates. Our work opens up a new insight into the heteroepitaxial growth of nonpolar/semipolar GaN and provides an approach of producing SF-free nonpolar/semipolar GaN material over large-area wafers, which will create new opportunities in GaN optoelectronic and microelectronic research.
Analysis of a Band 7/MEC-2 Family Gene of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2009)

In vivo-induced antigen technology has previously been used to identify 115 genes induced in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 during human infection. The aim of this study was to determine if one of these genes, PG1334, was important for the virulence of P. gingivalis. Analysis of plaque samples from persons with periodontitis revealed that PG1334 was expressed in 88.0% of diseased sites, compared with 42.1% of healthy sites, even though P. gingivalis was detected in equal numbers from both sites. A mutant of PG1334 was found to adhere to and to invade better than the parent strain, but did not persist as well in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Additionally, the mutant did not persist as well in a mouse abscess model. This gene appears to be important for the virulence of P. gingivalis, both in vivo and in vitro.
Inhibition of the Hydration Expansion of Sichuan Gas Shale by Adsorption of Compounded Surfactants (2019)

Water-based drilling fluids are characterized by cost-effective, wide sources of raw materials, and environmental friendliness. However, it is prone to cause various accidents that affect the drilling efficiency. One of the main problems is that conventional inhibitors cannot effectively suppress the hydration expansion of shale in Sichuan. In this study, we found that a mixture of Span 20 and Tween 60 can enhance the hydrophobicity of shale by forming a hydrophobic membrane on the shale surface, which reduces the number and weakens the hydrogen bond between water and shale, thereby greatly reducing the amount of water entering into the shale. Consequently, the hydration expansion rate of shale, dissolution of salts in the shale, and decrease of compressive strength are suppressed by adding the mixture of surfactants. Thereby, wellbore stability is maintained during drilling. The expansion rate of average hole diameter is only 7.47%, and the drilling rate was 1.71 times as fast as using oil-based mud in a nearby well in the field tests in Sichuan, China.
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor <i>α</i> Decreases Inflammation and Prolongs Adenovirus Gene Expression in Lung and Liver (1998)

The clinical application of adenoviral gene therapy currently is impeded by the potent host immune response to the virus, which limits the duration of its effects. In these studies, we investigated the role of TNF-alpha and of a soluble TNF receptor (TNF-bp) in the inflammatory response and expression of a lacZ-expressing adenovirus (AdCMVlacZ) in the liver and lung of mice. The expression of the recombinant adenovirus was studied in mouse liver and lung by determining the activity of the lacZ gene product of the adenovirus. The mononuclear cell inflammatory response was determined histologically at different times after intravenous or intranasal administration of AdCMVlacZ. The cytotoxic T cell and antibody response to the adenovirus was determined. Treatment with TNF-bp reduced circulating levels of TNF-alpha, greatly reduced the inflammatory response, and resulted in prolonged expression of lacZ for up to 30 days in the liver and lung after either intravenous or intranasal administration of adenovirus. Treatment with TNF-bp had no effect on anti-adenovirus antibodies and induction of cytotoxic T cells 30 days after administration of AdCMVlacZ. These results indicate that TNF-alpha is the primary factor driving the early inflammatory response leading to elimination of adenovirus-infected cells in the liver and lung and that TNF-bp is capable of inhibiting these effects.
A new fold in the scorpion toxin family, associated with an activity on a ryanodine-sensitive calcium channel (2000)

We determined the structure in solution by (1)H two-dimensional NMR of Maurocalcine from the venom of Scorpio maurus. This toxin has been demonstrated to be a potent effector of ryanodyne-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscles. This is the first description of a scorpion toxin which folds following the Inhibitor Cystine Knot fold (ICK) already described for numerous toxic and inhibitory peptides, as well as for various protease inhibitors. Its three dimensional structure consists of a compact disulfide-bonded core from which emerge loops and the N-terminus. A double-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet comprises residues 20-23 and 30-33. A third extended strand (residues 9-11) is perpendicular to the beta-sheet. Maurocalcine structure mimics the activating segment of the dihydropyridine receptor II-III loop and is therefore potentially useful for dihydropyridine receptor/ryanodine receptor interaction studies. Proteins 2000;40:436-442.
Dopaminergic activity of substituted 6-chloro-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines (1982)

6-Chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines were synthesized and evaluated as agonists of central and peripheral dopamine receptors. These benzazepines were prepared by cyclization of certain amino alcohols followed by demethylation of the 7,8-dimethoxy groups of the precursors to the 7,8-catecholic moiety. Preliminary evidence of dopaminergic activity was determined in anesthetized dogs by measuring the effects on renal blood flow and calculating the accompanying changes in renal vascular resistance. The most potent compounds contained an hydroxyl group on the 1-phenyl group or were substituted at the 3' position with a chloro, methyl, or trifluoromethyl group. Evidence for central dopaminergic activity was obtained by measuring rotational effects in rats lesioned in the substantia nigra and also in an in vitro assay which measured stimulation of rat striatal adenylate cyclase. The compounds with the best central dopaminergic activity were generally the benzazepines which were the most lipophilic, were substituted on the 3' position of th 1-phenyl group, and contained either a 3-N-methyl or 3-N-allyl group.
Ratio based hot-carrier degradation modeling for aged timing simulation of millions of transistors digital circuits (2002)

A ratio based hot-carrier degradation model for aged timing simulation of large CMOS circuits is presented. The model introduces gate-level representation and simply uses timing information. The proposed model is implemented in the prototype simulator in which the aged timing is obtained from the fresh timing and the precharacterized ratio. The simulated results show that the simulation can be performed at the size and speed of logic simulation with comparable accuracy of transistor-level simulator BTABERT.
NOISE 2 imaging system: seeing through scattering tissue with a reference point (2004)

We propose a fly-eye-like imaging system for seeing objects embedded in scattering media. Objects are recovered from many speckled images observed by a digital camera through a microlens array. Each microlens in the array generates a speckle image of the object buried between two layers of chicken breast tissue. In the computer each image is Fourier transformed jointly with an image of the speckled pointlike source captured under the same conditions. A set of the squared magnitudes of the Fourier-transformed pictures is accumulated to form a single average picture. This final picture is again Fourier transformed, resulting in the reconstruction of the hidden object.
Genome-Wide and Gene-Specific Epigenomic Platforms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Biomarker Development Trials (2014)

The majority of the epigenomic reports in hepatocellular carcinoma have focused on identifying novel differentially methylated drivers or passengers of the oncogenic process. Few reports have considered the technologies in place for clinical translation of newly identified biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify epigenomic technologies that need only a small number of samples to discriminate HCC from non-HCC tissue, a basic requirement for biomarker development trials. To assess that potential, we used quantitative Methylation Specific PCR, oligonucleotide tiling arrays, and Methylation BeadChip assays. Concurrent global DNA hypomethylation, gene-specific hypermethylation, and chromatin alterations were observed as a hallmark of HCC. A global loss of promoter methylation was observed in HCC with the Illumina BeadChip assays and the Nimblegen oligonucleotide arrays. HCC samples had lower median methylation peak scores and a reduced number of significant promoter-wide methylated probes. Promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A, SSBP2, and B4GALT1 quantified by qMSP had a sensitivity ranging from 38% to 52%, a specificity of 100%, and an AUC from 0.58 to 0.75. A panel combining these genes with HCC risk factors had a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 100%, and an AUC of 0.91.
SeGShare: Secure Group File Sharing in the Cloud using Enclaves (2020)

File sharing applications using cloud storage are increasingly popular for personal and business use. Due to data protection concerns, end-to-end encryption is often a desired feature of these applications. Many attempts at designing cryptographic solutions fail to be adopted due to missing relevant features. We present SeGShare, a new architecture for end-to-end encrypted, group-based file sharing using trusted execution environments (TEE), e.g., Intel SGX. SeGShare is the first solution to protect the confidentiality and integrity of all data and management files; enforce immediate permission and membership revocations; support deduplication; and mitigate rollback attacks. Next to authentication, authorization and file system management, our implementation features an optimized TLS layer that enables high throughput and low latency. The encryption overhead of our implementation is extremely small in computation and storage resources. Our enclave code comprises less than 8500 lines of code enabling efficient mitigation of common pitfalls in deploying code to TEEs.
Over 50-mW fiber coupled power and 40-nm tuning range of an extremely compact external cavity wavelength tunable laser (2005)

We experimentally demonstrate very high fiber coupled power of more than 50 mW and 45-dB side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) with continuous tuning over the full C-band by an external cavity wavelength tunable laser without an intracavity etalon. (4 pages)
Myasthenia gravis--current concepts. (1985)

An edited summary of an Interdepartmental Conference arranged by the Department of Medicine of the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. The Director of Conferences is William M. Pardridge, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Current findings indicate that autoimmune myasthenia gravis is an acquired immune complex disorder of neuromuscular transmission in voluntary striated muscle. There is a break in immunologic tolerance leading to blocking and degradation of acetylcholine receptors, together with widening of the synaptic cleft associated with partial destruction, simplification and shortening of the postjunctional membrane. Thymic hyperplasia and thymoma may be present. A decremental response to nerve-muscle stimulation, blocking and jitter on single-fiber electromyography and circulating antibodies to acetylcholine receptor are detectable in most patients with generalized weakness. Although the cause of this abnormal immunologic mechanism remains to be discovered, anticholinesterases, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis or thymectomy (individually or in combination) provide control and better prognosis in most patients.
Nanoerythrosome, a new derivative of erythrocyte ghost: preparation and antineoplastic potential as drug carrier for daunorubicin. (1994)

Liposomes and monoclonal antibodies are used as drug carriers for the optimal delivery of pharmacologic agents. However, they present disadvantages that led us to develop a new model of drug carriers: the nanoerythrosomes. Nanoerythrosomes are vesicles prepared by the extrusion of red blood cell ghosts, the average diameter of these vesicles is 0.1 micron. Daunorubicin was covalently linked to nanoerythrosomes and the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin conjugated to nanoerythrosomes was assessed on P388D1 cell line. The results indicated that the cytotoxicity of conjugated daunorubicin was as high as the free daunorubicin. Daunorubicin--nanoerythrosome conjugates had a higher antineoplastic activity than the free drug on CDF1 leukemia tumors. These results indicate that nonoerythrosomes could be potentially used as drug carriers.
Acoustic noise control: An overview of several methods based on applications in hearing aids (2009)

In order to reduce interfering signal components for hearing aids, a complete noise reduction system is described which consists of monaural and binaural beam-formers and a single channel noise reduction for further enhancement. Firstly, the monaural part combines the two or three microphones of each side of the head to adaptively suppress non desired sources outside the line of sight. Secondly, binaural approaches combine the output signals of both beamformers to further reduce the interfering components. Finally, the single channel noise reduction systems suppress longer-term stationary and transient signals, independent of their spatial characteristics.
High energy density flexible and ecofriendly lithium-ion smart battery (2022)

The rapidly growing battery market demands both high energy density and waste-management solutions for the anticipated global annual battery waste of about two million metric tons. To address the energy-environment dilemma, we developed self-standing composite electrodes for Li-ion batteries without electrochemically inactive metal current collectors, additives, and binders, increasing energy density by up to 40%. The electrodes were prepared via in situ mixing of as-grown single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with aerosolized electrode active materials, leading to adequate electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness. The SWNT scaffold exhibits a piezoresistive effect, with resistance depending on the voltage-weighted number of inter-nanotube contacts. We exploit this intrinsic piezoresistance of SWNT network for operando self-monitoring of battery structural health. The proposed solution-free battery fabrication technology and architecture eliminates environmentally harmful components and enables recycling by simple mechanical separation, aiming at safety and circular economy.
PRL-3 Phosphatase Is Implicated in Ovarian Cancer Growth (2005)

Altogether, these results show that PRL-3 expression is associated with ovarian cancer progression and point to a key role for this phosphatase in the control of ovarian cancer cells growth. This strongly suggests that PRL-3 should be considered as a target for the discovery of new anticancer agents to be tested against this malignancy.
Detailed analysis of inverse Fourier transform techniques to uniquely infer second-order nonlinearity profile of thin films (2004)

The mathematical details of a family of inverse Fourier transform techniques to uniquely recover the second-order optical nonlinearity profile of thin films are discussed both theoretically and numerically. These methods are all based on the Maker-fringe technique, i.e., they involve focusing a fundamental laser beam onto a nonlinear film and measuring the generated second-harmonic power as a function of the incidence angle of the fundamental beam. It is shown that each method can be treated as a special case of a general theory. An error analysis for the recovery of theoretical nonlinearity profiles is also illustrated with numerical examples.
DiSE (2018)

Threshold cryptography provides a mechanism for protecting secret keys by sharing them among multiple parties, who then jointly perform cryptographic operations. An attacker who corrupts up to a threshold number of parties cannot recover the secrets or violate security. Prior works in this space have mostly focused on definitions and constructions for public-key cryptography and digital signatures, and thus do not capture the security concerns and efficiency challenges of symmetric-key based applications which commonly use long-term (unprotected) master keys to protect data at rest, authenticate clients on enterprise networks, and secure data and payments on IoT devices. We put forth the first formal treatment for distributed symmetric-key encryption, proposing new notions of correctness, privacy and authenticity in presence of malicious attackers. We provide strong and intuitive game-based definitions that are easy to understand and yield efficient constructions. We propose a generic construction of threshold authenticated encryption based on any distributed pseudorandom function (DPRF). When instantiated with the two different DPRF constructions proposed by Naor, Pinkas and Reingold (Eurocrypt 1999) and our enhanced versions, we obtain several efficient constructions meeting different security definitions. We implement these variants and provide extensive performance comparisons. Our most efficient instantiation uses only symmetric-key primitives and achieves a throughput of upto 1 million encryptions/decryptions per seconds, or alternatively a sub-millisecond latency with upto 18 participating parties.
The Microstructure and Properties of Aluminum-Lithium Alloys, (1989)

Abstract : The advantages to be gained by weight reduction of aerospace structures have encouraged the aluminum industry to develop a family of aluminum alloys which contain lithium as one of the alloying elements. When alloyed with aluminum, lithium can reduce the density by approximately three percent and increase the elastic modulus by six percent for every weight percent added. A new series of aluminum alloys, typified by 2090, 2091, 8090, and 8091, have been developed and are currently being produced in commercial quantities. These alloys have densities between 7% and 10% lower than the conventional alloy 7075 with correspondingly higher stiffness. Although a combined set of specific properties of the (Aluminum-Lithium-X) alloys often exceeds those of the conventional aluminum materials used in aerospace, these properties seem to be much more sensitive to processing parameters. The strong processing-property relationship is associated with sharp crystallographic textures that are developed during primary processing and very complex precipitate microstructures whose distributions are sensitive to quench rates and degree of deformation prior to aging. This paper describes the processing-microstructure-property relationships of the new Al-Li-X alloys and focuses on strength, ductility, fracture toughness, fatigue and stress corrosion properties. Keywords: Symposia, Metallurgy, Microstructure, Alloys, Mechanical properties. (JG)
G-matrix Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy for complete protein resonance assignment (2004)

A G-matrix Fourier transform (GFT) NMR spectroscopy-based strategy for resonance assignment of proteins is described. Each of the GFT NMR experiments presented here rapidly affords four-, five-, or six-dimensional spectral information in combination with precise measurements of chemical shifts. The resulting high information content enables one to obtain nearly complete assignments by using only four NMR experiments. For the backbone amide proton detected "out-and-back" experiments, data collection was further accelerated up to approximately 2.5-fold by use of longitudinal (1)H relaxation optimization. The GFT NMR experiments were acquired for three proteins with molecular masses ranging from 8.6 to 17 kDa, demonstrating that the proposed strategy is of key interest for automated resonance assignment in structural genomics.
Absorption Edge Fluoroscopy Using Quasi-monoenergetic X-ray Beams* (1973)

A new technique has been developed for imaging small concentrations of elements having K absorption edges in the diagnostic x-ray energy range. Highly sensitive video image subtraction apparatus is used to take the difference between images formed by x-ray spectra peaked above and below the absorption edge. All portions of the image field are detected simultaneously using a conventional image intensifier, eliminating the need for scanning the x-ray defector. Quasi-monoenergetic x-rays are obtained by filtering conventional fluoroscopic x-ray beams. Compared with other methods the technique could lead to a low cost system offering a large reduction in imaging time, with resolution comparable to conventional image intensified fluoroscopy. The results of tests involving periodic images generated electrically or by periodic insertion of x-ray absorbers are presented to illustrate the properties of the imaging electronics. The feasibility of the technique is demonstrated by images of phantoms containing small concentrations of iodine and xenon.