gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trypsin-based laboratory methods and carboxypeptidase activation peptide in acute pancreatitis. (2002)

Acute pancreatitis is a common disease varying widely in severity. At present, there is no "gold standard" for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Currently, the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on measurements of serum amylase and/or lipase activity, which are considered unsatisfactory due to their low level of accuracy. Early identification of acute pancreatitis and especially detection of patients with a severe form of the disease is of utmost importance. Premature intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen is a crucial early event in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. The conversion of trypsinogen to active trypsin is mediated by the release of its activation peptide (TAP). The active trypsin is then able to activate other pancreatic zymogens (i.e. procarboxypeptidase) leading to tissue damage and eventually to autodigestion of the pancreas. To improve the laboratory diagnostics of AP, new methods have been developed to measure this primary pancreatic proteolytic insult. Here we review the current knowledge and clinical implications of trypsin based laboratory methods and carboxypeptidase activation peptide (CAPAP) in the diagnosis and severity assessment of acute pancreatitis.
Afterwards (1994)

However limited Hopkins's experience of life — he was only 44 when he died and his last 20 years had been spent as a Jesuit — only that life could have produced work of such marked character. 'Himself it spoke and spelled': the Oxford seeker for religious certainty, the St Beuno's enthusiast for God in Nature, the city priest oppressed by urban England, the frustrated and disillusioned patriot in exile.
On Virtual Data Centers and Their Operating Environments (2001)

data center, virtual data center, operating environment, e-service, services, servers, service monitoring and management The business and enterprise computing infrastructures are consolidating into data centers in order to improve the access control, increase security and reduce the maintenance costs. Big corporations or e-service providers span their data and applications over several data centers, combining their resources into virtual data centers. There may be many layers
IC-friendly line codes for direct-conversion receivers (2002)

It is obvious that the offsets that arise in direct-conversion receivers can be canceled by employing DC notch filters after down conversion. However, the overall system performance (BER) will be severely degraded in narrowband systems if the modulation scheme peaks at DC-as is true for most currently-used spectrally-efficient applications. Thus, utilizing modulation formats with a null at DC make notch filtering feasible, but at the expenses of reduced spectral efficiency and detector complexity. We study a series of modulation methods and corresponding detectors. Our goal is to find an optimized system level solution to make direct-conversion receivers a practical solution.
Migration of DCE applications into CORBA and SOAP environments (2002)

Abstract Legacy applications based on the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) are subject to several significant limitations. As the development and support of DCE wanes, object‐oriented development becomes more desirable, and transmission over HTTP is established as the preferred protocol over the Internet, DCE application managers and developers are pressed to find extensions and alternatives to DCE. This paper briefly discusses several alternative targets for migration of DCE systems, then proceeds to detail, compare, and contrast two preferred candidates: CORBA and SOAP. Although we have found that developing a general migration solution for legacy DCE applications to CORBA or SOAP to be a non‐trivial, long‐term project, developing specific solutions that are based on a general architecture is feasible. Given a short list of reasonable premises, many DCE applications may be ported to technologies such as CORBA and SOAP. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 on healing of large segmental bone defects. (1994)

A rabbit ulnar non-union model was used to evaluate the effect of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 on the healing of a large segmental osteoperiosteal defect. A 1.5-centimeter segmental defect was created in the mid-part of the ulnar shaft of adult rabbits. The defect was filled with an implant containing either recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 or naturally occurring bovine osteogenic protein. The recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 implants consisted of a carrier of 125 milligrams of demineralized, guanidine-extracted, insoluble rabbit bone matrix (the collagen carrier), reconstituted with 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, twenty-five, fifty, 100, 200, 300, or 400 micrograms of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1. Animals that received recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 were compared with animals that received an implant of 250 micrograms of a preparation of naturally occurring bovine osteogenic protein mixed with the collagen carrier. Limbs that served as controls received either the collagen carrier alone or no implant at all. The treated and the untreated defects were examined radiographically and histologically at eight or twelve weeks after implantation. Mechanical testing was performed on six animals. All implants of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1, except for those containing 3.13 micrograms of the substance, induced complete radiographic osseous union within eight weeks. The defects that were treated with an implant of bovine osteogenic protein also healed within this time-period. The bone induced by both types of implants had new cortices with advanced remodeling and marrow elements. Histological evaluation of this new bone at eight weeks postoperatively revealed primarily lamellar bone, with the formation of new cortices and normal-appearing marrow elements. The average torsional strength and energy-absorption capacity of the union induced by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 was comparable with that of intact bone. The control defects that had been implanted with collagen carrier alone and those with no implant showed no bridging of the defect.
Determining the semantic orientation of terms through gloss classification (2005)

Sentiment classification is a recent subdiscipline of text classification which is concerned not with the topic a document is about, but with the opinion it expresses. It has a rich set of applications, ranging from tracking users' opinions about products or about political candidates as expressed in online forums, to customer relationship management. Functional to the extraction of opinions from text is the determination of the orientation of ``subjective'' terms contained in text, i.e. the determination of whether a term that carries opinionated content has a positive or a negative connotation. In this paper we present a new method for determining the orientation of subjective terms. The method is based on the quantitative analysis of the glosses of such terms, i.e. the definitions that these terms are given in on-line dictionaries, and on the use of the resulting term representations for semi-supervised term classification. The method we present outperforms all known methods when tested on the recognized standard benchmarks for this task.
Cellulose Derivatives (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Raw materials and processing Composition and chemistry Food applications Future developments
Mining Web Browsing Log by Using Relaxed Biclique Enumeration Algorithm in MapReduce (2012)

We propose a novel data mining framework using relaxed biclique for heterogeneous data. The framework is composed of three algorithms. First, an enumeration algorithm transforms heterogeneous databases into relaxed bicliques. Second, a tracking algorithm is used to find the bicliqueâs variations over time. Finally, a ranking algorithm classifies relaxed bicliques into groups according to their statistical properties and dynamic behaviors. The framework is highly flexible and can be easily extended to applications in different domains. The framework is implemented in MapReduce and is proven to be scalable for processing large-scale data in a reasonable amount of time. In addition, the experiments show that the algorithms are both scalable and efficient. The proposed framework can also be applied to web network analysis and deliver rapid-response solutions.
Immunization with recombinant varicella-zoster virus expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D reduces the severity of genital herpes in guinea pigs (1995)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an attractive candidate for a live-virus vector for the delivery of foreign antigens. The Oka vaccine strain of VZV is safe and effective in humans, and recombinant Oka VZV (ROka) can be generated by transfecting cells with a set of overlapping cosmid DNAs. By this method, the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) gene was inserted into an intergenic site in the unique short region of the Oka VZV genome. Expression of gD2 in cells infected with the recombinant Oka strain VZV (ROka-gD2) was confirmed by antibody staining of fixed cells and by immunoblot analysis. Immune electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of gD2 in the envelope of ROka-gD2 virions. The ability of ROka-gD2 to protect guinea pigs against HSV-2 challenge was assessed by inoculating animals with three doses of uninfected human fibroblasts, fibroblasts infected with ROka VZV, or fibroblasts infected with ROka-gD2. Neutralizing antibodies specific for HSV-2 developed in animals immunized with ROka-gD2. Forty days after the third inoculation, animals were challenged intravaginally with HSV-2. Inoculation of guinea pigs with ROka-gD2 significantly reduced the severity of primary HSV-2 infection (P < 0.001). These experiments demonstrate that the Oka strain of VZV can be used as a live virus vector to protect animals from disease with a heterologous virus.
Generating Domain-Specific Dictionaries using Bayesian Learning (2015)

This paper aims to operationalize subjective information processing in financial news disclosures. In order to measure news tone, previous research commonly utilizes manually-selected positive and negative word lists, such as the Harvard-IV psychological dictionary. However, such dictionaries may not be suitable for the domain of financial news because positive and negative entries could have different connotations in a financial context. To overcome the problem of words that are selected ex ante, we incorporate several Bayesian variable selection methods to select the relevant positive and negative words from financial news disclosures. These domain-specific dictionaries outperform existing dictionaries in terms of both their explanatory power and predictive performance, resulting in an improvement of up to 93.25% in the correlation between news sentiment and stock market returns. According to our findings, the interpretation of words strongly depends on the context and managers need to be cautious when framing negative content using positive words.
Inference Machines: Parsing Scenes via Iterated Predictions (2013)

Extracting a rich representation of an environment from visual sensor readings can<br>benefit many tasks in robotics, e.g., path planning, mapping, and object manipulation.<br>While important progress has been made, it remains a difficult problem to effectively<br>parse entire scenes, i.e., to recognize semantic objects, man-made structures, and landforms.<br>This process requires not only recognizing individual entities but also understanding<br>the contextual relations among them. The prevalent approach to encode such relationships is to use a joint probabilistic or<br>energy-based model which enables one to naturally write down these interactions. Unfortunately,<br>performing exact inference over these expressive models is often intractable<br>and instead we can only approximate the solutions. While there exists a set of sophisticated<br>approximate inference techniques to choose from, the combination of learning and<br>approximate inference for these expressive models is still poorly understood in theory<br>and limited in practice. Furthermore, using approximate inference on any learned model<br>often leads to suboptimal predictions due to the inherent approximations. As we ultimately care about predicting the correct labeling of a scene, and not<br>necessarily learning a joint model of the data, this work proposes to instead view the<br>approximate inference process as a modular procedure that is directly trained in order<br>to produce a correct labeling of the scene. Inspired by early hierarchical models in the<br>computer vision literature for scene parsing, the proposed inference procedure is structured<br>to incorporate both feature descriptors and contextual cues computed at multiple<br>resolutions within the scene. We demonstrate that this inference machine framework<br>for parsing scenes via iterated predictions offers the best of both worlds: state-of-the-art<br>classification accuracy and computational efficiency when processing images and/or<br>unorganized 3-D point clouds. Additionally, we address critical problems that arise in<br>practice when parsing scenes on board real-world systems: integrating data from multiple<br>sensor modalities and efficiently processing data that is continuously streaming from<br>the sensors.
Some Issues from Nineteenth Century Quakerism (1999)

F or a long time I have thought of the nineteenth century as a low point in the history of Quakerism.Spiritual vitality seemed to be at a low ebb, with few fresh insights or creative movements.A series of splits within the movement left a heritage of bitterness and resentment.Several years ago I read the journals of Elias Hicks and John Wilbur, leading figures in two of the branches of Quakerism, which emerged from the bitter "separations" of the nineteenth century.This reading did nothing to revise my general impression of the period.Both journals revealed a narrowness of vision and a pettiness of insight.I did not feel much motivation to go ahead and read writings of leading figures in other branches, such as Joseph John Gurney or
Inclusion Body Myopathy With Paget Disease of Bone and Frontotemporal Dementia Linked to VCP p.Arg155Cys in a Korean Family (2011)

Missense mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene on chromosome 9p13.3-p12 cause inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (hereafter referred to as IBMPFD; OMIM 167320).To describe detailed clinical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and neuroimaging findings in IBMPFD linked to VCP p.Arg155Cys in a Korean family.Case series. Clinical, electrophysiological, biochemical, and neuroimaging findings were obtained by direct evaluation and from previous medical records.Tertiary referral hospital.Three affected family members in a Korean family.The clinical features of myopathy, Paget disease of bone, and semantic dementia (a clinical subtype of frontotemporal dementia) in our patients were similar to those of previously reported cases. However, the brain magnetic resonance imaging features in our patients, including asymmetric anterior and lateral temporal and inferior parietal atrophy with ventricular dilatation on the affected side, differed from those of previously published features in patients with IBMPFD and in patients with typical semantic dementia who show anterior temporal and frontal atrophy.To our knowledge, this report provides the first documented IBMPFD family in Asia and broadens the phenotypic spectrum of VCP mutation-associated frontotemporal dementia.
Interday Reliability of Function Assessment for a Health Status Measure (1989)

Anderson, John P. PhD; Kaplan, Robert M. PhD; Berry, Charles C. PhD; Bush, James W. MD; Rumbaut, Ruben G. PhD Author Information
A feasibility study for power management in LAN switches (2004)

We examine the feasibility of introducing power management schemes in network devices in the LAN. Specifically, we investigate the possibility of putting various components on LAN switches to sleep during periods of low traffic activity. Traffic collected in our LAN indicates that there are significant periods of inactivity on specific switch interfaces. Using an abstract sleep model devised for LAN switches, we examine the potential energy savings possible for different times of day and different interfaces (e.g., interfaces connecting to hosts to switches, or interfaces connecting switches, or interfaces connecting switches and routers). Algorithms developed for sleeping, based on periodic protocol behavior as well as traffic estimation are shown to be capable of conserving significant amounts of energy. Our results show that sleeping is indeed feasible in the LAN and in some cases, with very little impact on other protocols. However, we note that in order to maximize energy savings while minimizing sleep-related losses, we need hardware that supports sleeping.
Anemia of Inflammation (2010)

Inflammation arising from various etiologies, including infection, autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, and aging, can promote anemia. The anemia of inflammation (AI) is most often normocytic and normochromic and is usually mild. Characteristic changes in systemic iron handling, erythrocyte production, and erythrocyte life span all contribute to AI. The preferred treatment is directed at the underlying disease. However, when the inflammatory insult is intractable, or the cause has not been diagnosed, there are limited options for treatment of AI. Because anemia is a comorbid condition that is associated with poor outcomes in various chronic disease states, understanding its pathogenesis and developing new tools for its treatment should remain a priority. Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide has taken center stage in recent years as a potent modulator of iron availability. As the technology for quantitative hepcidin analysis improves, hepcidin's role in various disease states is also being revealed. Recent insights concerning the regulatory pathways that modify hepcidin expression have identified novel targets for drug development. As the field advances with such therapeutics, the analysis of the impact of normalized hemoglobin on disease outcomes will confirm whether anemia is a reversible independent contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with inflammatory diseases.
Photoreaction and Molecular Reorientation in a Nanoscaled Film of Poly(methyl 4-(methacryloyloxy)cinnamate) Studied by Two-Dimensional FTIR and UV Correlation Spectroscopy (2002)

Photoreaction and photoinduced molecular reorientations in nanoscaled films of poly(methyl 4-(methacryloyloxy)cinnamate) (PMMCi) were investigated through two-dimensional (2D) correlation analyses of their infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra. In the PMMCi film the presence of three distinct chromophore types was evident: isolated trans-isomeric cinnamoyl moieties and parallel and end-to-end cinnamoyl aggregates. Their photoinduced reorientations take place in the following sequence: isolated trans isomeric chromophores → parallel chromophore aggregates → end-to-end chromophore aggregates. It turns out that they react photochemically at different rates. The PMMCi polymer molecules were found to undergo both photoisomerization and photodimerization upon UV irradiation, with the trans−cis isomerization of the isolated trans isomeric cinnamoyl moieties occurring more rapidly than the photodimerization of the cinnamoyl aggregates. Of the photodimerization processes, the reorientation of the parallel cinnamoyl aggregates precedes that of the end-to-end cinnamoyl aggregates. The isolated chromophores may partly involve in the photodimerization, but its fraction is expected small because of the film in a confined geometry. The cinnamoyl moiety was found to be present as two rotational conformers, trans-s-trans and trans-s-cis conformers. Upon UV irradiation, the trans-s-trans conformer changes before the trans-s-cis conformer. The cinnamoyl moieties undergo a cooperative reorientation with the methacryloyloxy units during photoreaction. The photoinduced molecular reorientations occur in the following sequence: trans isomer → phenyl ring → trans-s-trans conformer → trans-s-cis conformer → photodimer.
Rehabilitation of Cracked and Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Patches (2004)

The behavior under static loading of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) retrofitted reinforced concrete beams, possessing a high chloride content and rebar corrosion, was studied both experimentally and analytically. The test beams were characterized as falling into three different groups according to the state of their corrosion damage: (1) natural corrosion, (2) cathodic protection, and (3) accelerated corrosion. The load carrying capacities of the beams, with or without FRP patching, were tested in the laboratory. The experimental results show that the state of corrosion of the steel, the water/cement ratio of the concrete material, and the arrangement and the number of FRP patches all affect the strength as well as the failure mechanisms of retrofitted RC beams. Some simple analytical models and a design concept for retrofitting cracked and corroded RC beams with FRP sheets are also presented and discussed.
An RNA toolbox for single-molecule force spectroscopy studies (2007)

Precise, controllable single-molecule force spectroscopy studies of RNA and RNA-dependent processes have recently shed new light on the dynamics and pathways of RNA folding and RNA-enzyme interactions. A crucial component of this research is the design and assembly of an appropriate RNA construct. Such a construct is typically subject to several criteria. First, single-molecule force spectroscopy techniques often require an RNA construct that is longer than the RNA molecules used for bulk biochemical studies. Next, the incorporation of modified nucleotides into the RNA construct is required for its surface immobilization. In addition, RNA constructs for single-molecule studies are commonly assembled from different single-stranded RNA molecules, demanding good control of hybridization or ligation. Finally, precautions to prevent RNase- and divalent cation-dependent RNA digestion must be taken. The rather limited selection of molecular biology tools adapted to the manipulation of RNA molecules, as well as the sensitivity of RNA to degradation, make RNA construct preparation a challenging task. We briefly illustrate the types of single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments that can be performed on RNA, and then present an overview of the toolkit of molecular biology techniques at one's disposal for the assembly of such RNA constructs. Within this context, we evaluate the molecular biology protocols in terms of their effectiveness in producing long and stable RNA constructs.