gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Single-Photon Sources with Definite Circular and Linear Polarizations (2011)

Experimental results of two room-temperature, robust and efficient single photon sources with definite circular and linear polarization using single-emitter fluorescence in cholesteric and nematic liquid crystal hosts are discussed.
A Constrained Genetic Algorithm for Rebalancing of Services in Cloud Data Centers (2015)

In Infrastructure-as-a-Service cloud data centers, services are provided to cloud customers in the form of virtual machines. Cloud customers can place restrictions on these services by specifying affinity and anti-affinity constraints. Load imbalance is one key issue that cloud data centers regularly face when running these services. Load imbalance arises when existing services are stopped either by the cloud customers or in the event of host power cycling. One way to achieve load balance in such situations is to perform load rebalancing. Load rebalancing is a process of migrating services among hosts to ensure uniform resource distribution. By doing load rebalancing, SLA violations due to resource shortages on over-utilized hosts can be mitigated. The benefits of load rebalancing come at the expense of migration cost. The presence of affinity and anti-affinity constraints make the load rebalancing challenging. In this paper, we focus on load rebalancing of services with affinity and anti-affinity constraints by applying a novel genetic algorithm. Our objective function aims at reducing the number of migrations and variation of available resources in the hosts. Experimental results show that our algorithm achieves a good resource balance while being computationally efficient.
Development of a microplate assay for serum chromogranin A (CgA): Establishment of normal reference values and detection of elevated CgA in malignant diseases (1999)

Chromogranin A (CgA), a marker for neuroendocrine cells, is associated with poor prognosis when detected by immunohistochemical technique in prostate tumors. We have developed an ELISA on microplates for serum CgA and established the normal reference range. We also attempted to find out whether elevated serum CgA levels could be found in patients with various malignant diseases. Because of non-Gaussian distribution, both medians and 97.5 percentiles of serum CgA levels for men and women of four different age groups were determined. For women, the median and 97.5 percentiles are 20.7 and 63.9 ng/mL for ages 20 to 50, and 32 and 93.8 for 50 to 80 years of age, respectively; for men, they are 27.9 and 78.4 ng/mL for ages 18 to 40 and 41.6 and 92 for 40 to 80 years old, respectively. Elevated serum concentrations of CgA were detectable in patients with prostate cancer not undergoing hormonal treatment, and in patients with various malignant diseases including nonendocrine carcinomas. Most elevated serum CgA levels were associated with sera containing highly elevated serum tumor markers. Drugs targeting neuroendocrine cells should be administered for cancer patients with elevated serum CgA levels. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 13:312–319, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Functional recovery after embolic stroke in rodents by activated protein C (2005)

A serine protease activated protein C has been shown to be a powerful neuroprotectant in stressed neurons and in hypoxic brain endothelium. In a clinically relevant model of embolic stroke in rodents, we now show that administration of activated protein C alone or in combination with tissue plasminogen activator, or both, 4 hours after embolic stroke improves the functional outcome and reduces brain infarction within 7 days of stroke. In contrast, tissue plasminogen activator alone was not protective. Thus, activated protein C may be useful as a new stand-alone therapy for clinical stroke and to extend the time window of thrombolytic therapy.
Fast fully plastic actuator based on ionic-liquid-based bucky gel (2008)

In previous papers, we reported the first dry actuator that can be fabricated simply by layer-by-layer casting, using 'bucky gel', a gelatinous room-temperature ionic liquid containing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The actuator has a bimorph configuration with a polymer-supported internal ionic liquid electrolyte layer sandwiched by polymer-supported bucky-gel electrode layers, which allow quick and long-lived operation in air at low applied voltages. In this paper, some of the recent developments of the actuator performance are reported.
Novel single-switch converter with power factor correction (1999)

A new single-stage single-switch power factor correction converter with output electrical isolation is presented. The configuration of this converter is achieved by combining a flyback circuit and a forward circuit in one power stage. The principle of operation and steady-state analysis of the proposed topology is given. Based on its steady-state operation constraints, a design procedure along with a specific design example is reported. To verify the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter, a design example is given with its PSPICE simulation and experimental results.
Real-time and functional optical coherence tomography (2003)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a novel biomedical imaging technique which uses low-coherence optical interferometry to obtain micron-scale resolution tomographic images of sub-surface tissue structure noninvasively. We report on recent technical advances in OCT which have enhanced its potential for biological research and for minimally invasive medical diagnostics. We have developed OCT scanners compatible with minimally invasive delivery technologies (i.e., biomicroscopy, endoscopy) capable of imaging up to video rate. Clinical studies of OCT imaging in the eye, skin, and gastrointestinal tissues are under way which demonstrate the capability for quantitative morphometry on the micron scale, reproducible image contrast between tissue layers, and differentiation between normal and pathological tissue states. We have also developed novel functional imaging extensions to OCT including spectroscopic, Doppler flow, and polarization-sensitive enhancements which take advantage of the altered spectral or directional content of backscattered light to provide enhanced image contrast. Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (CDOCT) is an extension to OCT which performs micron-scale resolution imaging flow velocimetry in biological tissues and other scattering media. We report on autocorrelation-based signal processing approaches for real-time rendering of Color Doppler OCT imagery in the physiological range of velocities from less than 1 min/sec to greater than 1 cm/sec. Demonstrated applications include the use of CDOCT for imaging of flow and flow dynamics in human retinal vessels, as well as intracardiac flow and turbulence in a developmental biology model.
Aqueous-Based Fabrication of Low-VOC Nanostructured Block Copolymer Films as Potential Marine Antifouling Coatings (2016)

The ability to fabricate nanostructured films by exploiting the phenomenon of microphase separation has made block copolymers an invaluable tool for a wide array of coating applications. Standard approaches to engineering nanodomains commonly involve the application of organic solvents, either through dissolution or annealing protocols, resulting in the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, an aqueous-based method of fabricating low-VOC nanostructured block copolymer films is presented. The reported procedure allows for the phase transfer of water insoluble triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-block-2 vinylpyridine-block-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO), from a water immiscible phase to an aqueous environment with the assistance of a diblock copolymeric phase transfer agent, poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO). Phase transfer into the aqueous phase results in self-assembly of PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO into core-shell-corona micelles, which are characterized by dynamic light scattering techniques. The films that result from coating the micellar solution onto Si/SiO2 surfaces exhibit nanoscale features that disrupt the ability of a model foulant, a zoospore of Ulva linza, to settle. The multilayered architecture consists of a pH-responsive P2VP-"shell" which can be stimulated to control the size of these features. The ability of these nanostructured thin films to resist protein adsorption and serve as potential marine antifouling coatings is supported through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and analysis of the settlement of Ulva linza zoospore. Field trials of the surfaces in a natural environment show the inhibition of macrofoulants for 1 month.
Wavelet maxima curves of surface latent heat flux anomalies associated with Indian earthquakes (2005)

Abstract. Wavelet maxima curves of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) have been recently used to provide early warning information about coastal earthquakes. The present paper reports further validations of the spatial and temporal analysis of wavelet maxima curves associated with earthquakes occurred in different parts of the Indian sub-continent. Prominent anomalies that exhibit spatial and temporal continuity are found in case of coastal earthquakes, while no anomaly is detected in case of intraplate earthquakes. The precursory SLHF anomalies are found up to 2 weeks prior to the main earthquake event, with an extent area of up to 600km.
Accurate quantitative phase imaging by differential phase contrast with partially coherent illumination: beyond weak object approximation (2023)

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) by differential phase contrast (DPC) with partially coherent illumination provides speckle-free imaging and lateral resolution beyond the coherent diffraction limit, demonstrating great potential in biomedical imaging applications. Generally, DPC employs weak object approximation to linearize the phase-to-intensity image formation, simplifying the solution to the phase retrieval as a two-dimensional deconvolution with the corresponding phase transfer function. Despite its widespread adoption, weak object approximation still lacks a precise and clear definition, suggesting that the accuracy of the QPI results, especially for samples with large phase values, is yet to be verified. In this paper, we analyze the weak object approximation condition quantitatively and explicitly give its strict definition that is applicable to arbitrary samples and illumination apertures. Furthermore, an iterative deconvolution QPI technique based on pseudo-weak object approximation is proposed to overcome the difficulty of applying DPC to large-phase samples without additional data acquisition. Experiments with standard microlens arrays and MCF-7 cells demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively extend DPC beyond weak object approximation to high-precision three-dimensional morphological characterization of large-phase technical and biological samples.
Space and time‐efficient hashing of garbage‐collected objects (1999)

The hashCode() method found in the JavaTM programming language, and similar methods in other languages, map an arbitrary object to an integer value that is constant for the lifetime of the object. We review existing implementations of the hash operation, specifying the kinds of memory systems for which they work. Then we propose a new implementation of hashing for the hardest case: memory systems with compaction and direct pointers. Our proposal uses just two bits of space per object for the (majority of) objects that are never hashed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigation of the Mechanism and Growth Kinetics of Homoepitaxial 4H-SiC Growth Using CH<sub>3</sub>Cl Carbon Precursor (2006)

In this work, the mechanism of the epitaxial growth of 4H SiC using CH3Cl as the carbon source gas was investigated. The experiments were conducted with a H2 carrier gas flow rate reduced in comparison to the standard conditions used for device-quality, full-wafer C3H8 growth. Low-H2 conditions have been found favorable for investigating the differences between the two gas systems. A non-linear trend of the growth rate dependence on CH3Cl flow was observed. This dependence was quantitatively different for C3H8 growth, which serves as an indication of different kinetics of CH3Cl and C3H8 precursor decomposition, as well as differences in Si droplet formation and dissociation. The maximum growth rate that we were able to achieve was by a factor of two higher for the CH3Cl precursor than for the C3H8 precursor at the same temperature and flow conditions. The growth on lower off-axis angle substrates produced surface morphology degradation similar for both CH3Cl and C3H8 precursor systems.
Structural evolution of Ca(OH){sub 2} during high-temperature, ultrafast sulfur capture (1994)

Evolution of sorbent structural properties plays a significant role in SO{sub 2}/sorbent interaction in furnace sorbent injection (FSI) process. In the upper-furnace region (850--1,200 C), Ca-based sorbents undergo rapid calcination, sintering and sulfation resulting in majority of sulfur capture in less than 100--200 milliseconds. The interplay of these reactions and modifications in the sorbent surface area, porosity and pore size distribution characteristics hold the key to a thorough understanding and modeling of this complex phenomena. This work presents results of the structural evolution studies of Ca(OH), sorbent undergoing calcination, sintering and sulfation in the 950--1,150 C temperature window with special emphasis on time-resolved experimental data in the less than 100 ms time scale. Surface area, porosity and pore size distribution change with simultaneous calcination and sintering of Ca(OH){sub 2} are presented. Sulfation of Ca(OH){sub 2}, which closely simulates the phenomena occurring under actual furnace conditions, is also studied for understanding of structural evolution.
Protease-activation using anti-idiotypic masks enables tumor specificity of a folate receptor 1-T cell bispecific antibody (2020)

T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) crosslink tumor and T-cells to induce tumor cell killing. While TCBs are very potent, on-target off-tumor toxicity remains a challenge when selecting targets. Here, we describe a protease-activated anti-folate receptor 1 TCB (Prot-FOLR1-TCB) equipped with an anti-idiotypic anti-CD3 mask connected to the anti-CD3 Fab through a tumor protease-cleavable linker. The potency of this Prot- FOLR1-TCB is recovered following protease-cleavage of the linker releasing the anti-idiotypic anti-CD3 scFv. In vivo, the Prot-FOLR1-TCB mediates antitumor efficacy comparable to the parental FOLR1-TCB whereas a noncleavable control Prot-FOLR1-TCB is inactive. In contrast, killing of bronchial epithelial and renal cortical cells with low FOLR1 expression is prevented compared to the parental FOLR1-TCB. The findings are confirmed for mesothelin as alternative tumor antigen. Thus, masking the anti-CD3 Fab fragment with an anti-idiotypic mask and cleavage of the mask by tumor-specific proteases can be applied to enhance specificity and safety of TCBs.
Reconfigurable frequency selective surface for fabry-perot cavity antenna system (2017)

This paper presents reconfigurable Fabry-Perot Cavity (FPC) antenna systems to switch one mode to other with respect to near- and far-field performance. The fluidic channel is created and integrated into the FPC system. The channel is filled with air or deionized (DI) water. The fluidic FPC systems are compared to a fixed FPC design without the fluidic housing. Simulation and measurement results are presented and discussed.
Coimmobilized Native Macromolecular Heparin Proteoglycans Strongly Inhibit Platelet-Collagen Interactions in Flowing Blood (2000)

We coimmobilized mast cell-derived heparin proteoglycans (HEP-PGs) of very high molecular weight (750 kDa) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) on coverslips together with collagen without altering the amount of immobilized collagen. Subsequently, platelet-collagen interactions were studied under both flowing and static conditions in D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone-anticoagulated blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), respectively. At a high shear rate (1600 1/s), the mean platelet deposition (PD) on collagen monomers was 7.5+/-6.1x10(6)/cm(2) (n=5). When the monomers were coimmobilized with UFH, PD was inhibited by 73% (2.0+/-1.2x10(6)/cm(2)), whereas HEP-PG completely blocked it (0. 42+/-0.38x10(6)/cm(2); P<0.05). Also, when collagen fibrils were used for coating, HEP-PG significantly inhibited PD. At a low shear rate (200 1/s) and under static conditions in PRP, the inhibitory effect of HEP-PG on PD was less marked. Inhibition of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa did not affect PD on coimmobilized HEP-PG in contrast to coimmobilized UFH or collagen alone. As a sign of inactivation, platelets adhering to the HEP-PG surface released considerably less beta-thromboglobulin than did those adhering to pure collagen. In summary, immobilized HEP-PG strongly inhibited PD on collagen by attenuating adhesion-induced platelet activation. The stronger effect on collagen monomers suggests the inhibition of glycoprotein Ia/IIa-mediated activation.
Fundamentals of stream processing: application design, systems, and analytics (2014)

Stream processing is a novel distributed computing paradigm that supports the gathering, processing, and analysis of high-volume, heterogeneous, continuous data streams, to extract insights and actionable results in real time. This comprehensive, hands-on guide combining the fundamental building blocks and emerging research in stream processing is ideal for application designers, system builders, analytic developers, as well as students and researchers in the field. This book introduces the key components of the stream computing paradigm, including the distributed system infrastructure, the programming model, design patterns, and streaming analytics. The explanation of the underlying theoretical principles, illustrative examples and implementations using the IBM InfoSphere Streams SPL language, and real-world case studies provide students and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of such applications and the middleware that supports them.
Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Internalization Events in Cultured Cells (2005)

It has been demonstrated that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can utilize at least four members of the alpha(V) subgroup of the integrin family of receptors in vitro. The virus interacts with these receptors via a highly conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid amino acid sequence motif located within the betaG-betaH loop of VP1. While there have been extensive studies of virus-receptor interactions at the cell surface, our understanding of the events during viral entry into the infected cell is still not clear. We have utilized confocal microscopy to analyze the entry of two FMDV serotypes (types A and O) after interaction with integrin receptors at the cell surface. In cell cultures expressing both the alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta6 integrins, virus adsorbed to the cells at 4 degrees C appears to colocalize almost exclusively with the alphaVbeta6 integrin. Upon shifting the infected cells to 37 degrees C, FMDV capsid proteins were detected within 15 min after the temperature shift, in association with the integrin in vesicular structures that were positive for a marker of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, virus did not colocalize with a marker for caveola-mediated endocytosis. Virus remained associated with the integrin until about 1 h after the temperature shift, when viral proteins appeared around the perinuclear region of the cell. By 15 min after the temperature shift, viral proteins were seen colocalizing with a marker for early endosomes, while no colocalization with late endosomal markers was observed. In the presence of monensin, which raises the pH of endocytic vesicles and has been shown to inhibit FMDV replication, viral proteins were not released from the recycling endosome structures. Viral proteins were not observed associated with the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi. These data indicate that FMDV utilizes the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway to infect the cells and that viral replication begins due to acidification of endocytic vesicles, causing the breakdown of the viral capsid structure and release of the genome by an as-yet-unidentified mechanism.
Computational polarimetric and multispectral imaging with a variable filter mask (2013)

We report on progress made in developing a polarimetric and multispectral imaging (MSI) camera that uses a coded filter mask to record spectral data on either a single frame or only a few frames depending on the design of the mask and the application. The design uses commercially available variable filters and beamsplitters to record spectral data simultaneously on a focal plane array, thus negating the need for scanning mechanisms or dispersive optical elements. The data rate depends on the design of the filter mask, pixel resolution, relative motion between target and camera, and the frame rate. The polarimetric data is recorded on a single frame thus eliminating latency. Multispectral data may be recorded on a few frames or a single frame, thus reducing the need for many multi-frame acquisitions. An optimum mask design matched to the imaging lens and focal plane array resolution, allows an object to be detected against spectral clutter or background on a single pixel. Thus a spatially resolved image is not required, alleviating the need for high magnification which would be a practical limitation where compact optical systems are required. The proof-of-principle is reported that uses a 1D variable filter mask to provide spectra of resolved target images in the near field for the visible spectrum. Test data are presented that show the potential for the concept and how it is readily extended to use a 2D mask in a modified design.
Electrically-Controlled Thermal Infrared Metamaterial Devices (2012)

We demonstrate electrically-controlled thermal mid-infrared metamaterials using depletion-type semiconductor devices. This electrical tuning can find novel applications in chip-scale active infrared devices.
Hiding data in halftone image using modified data hiding error diffusion (2000)

With the ease of distribution of digital images, there is a growing concern for copyright control and authentication. While there are many existing watermarking and data hiding methods for natural images, almost none can be applied to halftone images. In this paper, we proposed a novel data hiding method, Modified Data Hiding Ordered Dithering (MDHED) for halftone images. MDHED is an effective method to hide a relative amount of data while yielding halftone images with good visual quality. Besides, the amount of hidden data is easy to control and the security depends on the key not the system itself.
Fatigue Strength of Sintered and Carburized Compacts Made of Molybdenum Hybrid-Alloyed Steel Powder (2007)

The fatigue strength of the sintered and carburized compact made of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder, which is based on a 0.6 mass% Mo prealloyed steel powder to which 0.2 mass% Mo powder particles have been diffusion bonded, is higher than that of the 0.6 mass% Mo prealloyed steel powder. The sintered compact made of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder has a finer pore structure than that of the Mo prealloyed steel powder, because the Mo-rich region near the surface of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder should exist as the α-iron phase with a high diffusion coefficient at high temperature and result in enhanced sintering. Improvement in the fatigue strength of the sintered and carburized compact made of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder should result from not only the fine pore structure but also the strengthening of the sintering neck by Mo concentration around pores.