gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Robust Combinatorial Approach to Reduce Singularities in Quadrilateral Meshes (2015)

There are many automatic quadrilateral mesh generators that can produce high quality mesh with low distortion. However, they typically generate a large number of singularities that could be detrimental to downstream applications. This paper introduces Minimum Singularity Templates (MST) to reduce the number of singularities in an existing pure quad mesh. These templates are easy to encode with high-level grammar rules for complete automation, or interactive control. The MST exploits two important properties of quadrilateral meshes: (1) every submesh has even number of quad edges on its boundary, and (2) every submesh with 3, 4 or 5 topological convex corners on its boundary has at most two interior singularities. The MST (1) does not change the boundary edges of the patch, (2) avoids corner picking on a patch and solving NP hard internal matching algorithm to select divisions, (3) is extremely fast with time complexity of O(1) in template creation, and (4) has low memory footprint and is robust. To illustrate the concepts, we consider quadrilateral meshes generated using Abaqus, Gmsh, and Cubit, and reduce the singularities within these meshes.
Short-wavelength (λ≈3.3μm) InP-based strain-compensated quantum-cascade laser (2006)

The authors describe the design and implementation of a short-wavelength quantum-cascade laser emitting at approximately 3.3μm at 80K. The active region is based on the strain-compensated In0.73Ga0.27As–In0.55Al0.45As–AlAs heterosystem on InP. The band structure and the strain are controlled through the use of both composite barriers as well as composite wells. The structure is designed so the transition resulting in laser emission is very spatially diagonal; the upper laser state is primarily located in a thick In0.55Al0.45As layer in the injector while the lower laser state is in an In0.73Ga0.27As well. This design allows the lasing transition to bypass (in energy–growth-coordinate space) the lowest indirect X and L valleys of In0.73Ga0.27As, and population inversion is achieved in spite of the upper laser state reaching the energy of the indirect X- and L-valley edges of the adjacent In0.73Ga0.27As well.
Low-power 3D nano/CMOS hybrid dynamically reconfigurable architecture (2010)

In order to continue technology scaling beyond CMOS, diverse nanoarchitectures have been proposed in recent years based on emerging nanodevices, such as nanotubes, nanowires, etc. Among them, some hybrid nano/CMOS reconfigurable architectures enjoy the advantage that they can be fabricated using photolithography. NATURE is one such architecture that we have proposed recently. It comprises CMOS reconfigurable logic and CMOS fabrication-compatible nano RAMs. It uses distributed high-density and fast nano RAMs as on-chip storage for storing multiple reconfiguration copies, enabling fine-grain cycle-by-cycle reconfiguration. It supports a highly efficient computational model, called temporal logic folding, which makes possible more than an order of magnitude improvement in logic density and area-delay product, significant power reduction, and significant design flexibility in performing area-delay trade-offs. In this article, we extend NATURE in various dimensions, evaluating various FPGA approaches in the context of today's emerging technologies. First, we explore the introduction of embedded coarse-grain modules in the fine-grain NATURE architecture and present a unified dynamically reconfigurable architecture, which can significantly enhance NATURE's computation power for data-dominated applications. Second, we explore a 3D architecture for NATURE in which the nano RAM for reconfiguration storage is on one layer and the rest of the CMOS logic on another layer. This leads to further improvements in logic density and performance. Finally, we explore the possibility of using FinFETs, an emerging double-gate CMOS technology, to implement NATURE. Since power consumption is an important consideration in the deep nanometer regime, especially for FPGAs, we present a back-gate biasing methodology for flexible threshold voltage adjustment in FinFETs to significantly reduce NATURE's power consumption. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.
Development of device producing electrolyzed water for home care (2013)

When water containing ionic substances is electrolyzed, electrolyzed water with strong bactericidal ability due to the available chlorine(AC) is generated on the anode side. Slightly acidic to neutral electrolyzed water (pH 6.5 to 7.5) is physiological pH and is suitable for biological applications. For producing slightly acidic to neutral electrolyzed water simply, a vertical-type electrolytic tank with an asymmetric structure was made. As a result, a small amount of strongly alkaline water was generated in the upper cathodic small chamber, and a large amount of weakly acidic water generated in the lower anodic large chamber. The pH and AC concentration in solutin mixed with both electrolyzed water were 6.3 and 39.5 ppm, respectively, This solution was slightly acidic to neutral electrolyzed water and had strong bactericidal activity. This device is useful for producing slightly acidic to neutral electrolyzed water as a disinfectant to employ at home care, when considering economic and environmental factors, since it returns to ordinary water after use.
Partitioned echo canceller utilizing decimation echo location (2002)

In practice, digital echo cancellers require design trade-offs between the effective range, rate of convergence, and system resource (sizing and timing) requirements. While echo cancelling over an extended time range is often desirable, for a standard LMS approach it comes at the expense of increased system resource requirements and decreased convergence rates. In this paper, the authors investigate a Decimation Echo Location (DEL) technique which provides a novel approach for identifying the high energy regions of the echo impulse response model over an extended range. Accurate echo location provided by the DEL process enables a subsequent partitioning of an echo canceller. The Partitioned Echo Canceller (PEG) structure was developed to operate only on the identified regions of interest. In this manner, the echo canceller can be effective over an extended range without sacrificing system resource or performance requirements. DEL/PEC simulations have readily yielded a factor of five increase in algorithm efficiency compared to a conventional LMS approach, with additional refinements promising even greater gains. For a system with a predetermined modeling range requirement, DEL/PEC provides a solution with significantly reduced resource requirements. Similarly, for an application with a fixed system resource allotment, this technique greatly extends the effective modeling range capability.
Molecular cloning of cDNA for CENP-B, the major human centromere autoantigen (1987)

We have isolated a series of overlapping cDNA clones for approximately 95% of the mRNA that encodes CENP-B, the 80-kD human centromere autoantigen recognized by patients with anticentromere antibodies. The cloned sequences encode a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass appropriate for CENP-B. This polypeptide and CENP-B share three non-overlapping epitopes. The first two are defined by monoclonal antibodies elicited by injection of cloned fusion protein. Epitope 1 corresponds to a major antigenic site recognized by the anticentromere autoantibody used to obtain the original clone. Epitope 2 is a novel one not recognized by the autoantibody. These epitopes were shown to be distinct both by competitive binding experiments and by their presence or absence on different subcloned portions of the fusion protein. The third independent epitope, recognized by a subset of anticentromere-positive patient sera, maps to a region substantially closer to the amino terminus of the fusion protein. DNA and RNA blot analyses indicate that CENP-B is unrelated to CENP-C, a 140-kD centromere antigen also recognized by these antisera. CENP-B is the product of a 2.9-kb mRNA that is encoded by a single genetic locus. This mRNA is far too short to encode a polypeptide the size of CENP-C. The carboxy terminus of CENP-B contains two long domains comprised almost entirely of glutamic and aspartic acid residues. These domains may be responsible for anomalous migration of CENP-B on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, since the true molecular mass of CENP-B is approximately 65 kD, 15 kD less than the apparent molecular mass deduced from gel electrophoresis. Quite unexpectedly, immunofluorescence analysis using antibodies specific for CENP-B reveals that the levels of antigen vary widely between chromosomes.
A protein fragment of streptococcal cell surface antigen I/II which prevents adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (1993)

Attachment of Streptococcus mutans to the tooth surface involves a cell surface protein with an M(r) of 185,000, termed streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II. Four overlapping fragments of the gene encoding SA I/II were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant polypeptides were assayed for adhesion-binding activity to salivary receptors and for recognition by a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against SA I/II. Two of the MAbs which are known to prevent colonization of S. mutans in vivo bound the recombinant polypeptide comprising residues 816 to 1161. In vitro adhesion of S. mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads was also inhibited specifically by a polypeptide (residues 816 to 1213) encompassing the same region. The evidence from the MAbs preventing colonization of S. mutans and the adherence inhibition assay suggests that an adhesion-binding activity resides within the portion of SA I/II comprising residues 816 to 1213, which is highly conserved among oral streptococcal species.
9 kV, 1 cm&#x00D7;1 cm SiC super gto technology development for pulse power (2009)

Power devices made on Silicon Carbide (SiC) are expected to offer significant advantages over silicon due to the unique material properties. With the continuing improvement in both material quality (defect density and carrier lifetime) and SiC device fabrication process, SiC power devices are increasingly fabricated with higher blocking rating and larger die size. This paper describes the benefits of using SiC Gate Turn-Off thyristors (GTO) in power electronics, especially for pulse power applications, reviews the development history and the current state of the art, and outlines the future perspective for developing large area GTOs with high blocking voltage of > 10 kV. Experimental results for the state-of-the-art 9 kV, 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SiC GTOs are presented. Static and dynamic characteristics are described. A forward drop of 3.7 V at 100 A (100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is measured at 25°C. A slight positive temperature coefficient of the forward drop is present at 300 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> indicating the possibility of paralleling multiple devices for higher current capability. The device exhibits extremely low leakage currents at high temperatures. The turn-on delay is found to be a strong function of the gate current, cathode-anode current and voltage. A peak current of 12.8 kA conducted with a pulse width of 17.4 ¿s indicating the superiority of the SiC GTOs for pulse power applications.
Purification, characterization, and functional analysis of a truncated Klebsiella aerogenes UreE urease accessory protein lacking the histidine-rich carboxyl terminus (1996)

Klebsiella aerogenes UreE, one of four accessory proteins involved in urease metallocenter assembly, contains a histidine-rich C terminus (10 of the last 15 residues) that is likely to participate in metal ion coordination by this nickel-binding protein. To study the function of the histidine-rich region in urease activation, ureE in the urease gene cluster was mutated to result in synthesis of a truncated peptide, H144* UreE, lacking the final 15 residues. Urease activity in cells containing H144* UreE approached the activities for cells possessing the wild-type protein at nickel ion concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mM in both nutrient-rich and minimal media. In contrast, clear reductions in urease activities were observed when two ureE deletion mutant strains were examined, especially at lower nickel ion concentrations. Surprisingly, the H144* UreE, like the wild-type protein, was readily purified with a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid resin. Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis and N-terminal sequencing confirmed that the protein was a truncated UreE. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the H144* UreE peptide associated into a homodimer, as known for the wild-type protein. The truncated protein was shown to cooperatively bind 1.9 +/- 0.2 Ni(II) ions as assessed by equilibrium dialysis measurements, compared with the 6.05 +/- 0.25 Ni ions per dimer reported previously for the native protein. These results demonstrate that the histidine-rich motif is not essential to UreE function and is not solely responsible for UreE nickel-binding ability. Rather, we propose that internal nickel binding sites of UreE participate in urease metallocenter assembly.
Weighted Finite State Transducer-Based Endpoint Detection Using Probabilistic Decision Logic (2014)

In this paper, we propose the use of data-driven probabilistic utterance-level decision logic to improve Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST)-based endpoint detection. In general, endpoint detection is dealt with using two cascaded decision processes. The first process is frame-level speech/non-speech classification based on statistical hypothesis testing, and the second process is a heuristic-knowledge-based utterance-level speech boundary decision. To handle these two processes within a unified framework, we propose a WFST-based approach. However, a WFST-based approach has the same limitations as conventional approaches in that the utterance-level decision is based on heuristic knowledge and the decision parameters are tuned sequentially. Therefore, to obtain decision knowledge from a speech corpus and optimize the parameters at the same time, we propose the use of data-driven probabilistic utterance-level decision logic. The proposed method reduces the average detection failure rate by about 14% for various noisy-speech corpora collected for an endpoint detection evaluation.
Bacterial ghosts as adjuvant to oxaliplatin chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomatosis (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. At late stage of the disease CRC often shows (multiple) metastatic lesions in the peritoneal cavity which cannot be efficiently targeted by systemic chemotherapy. This is one major factor contributing to poor prognosis. Oxaliplatin is one of the most commonly used systemic treatment options for advanced CRC. However, drug resistance - often due to insufficient drug delivery - is still hampering successful treatment. The anticancer activity of oxaliplatin includes besides DNA damage also a strong immunogenic component. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bacterial ghosts (BGs) as adjuvant immunostimulant on oxaliplatin efficacy. BGs are empty envelopes of gram-negative bacteria with a distinct immune-stimulatory potential. Indeed, we were able to show that the combination of BGs with oxaliplatin treatment had strong synergistic anticancer activity against the CT26 allograft, resulting in prolonged survival and even a complete remission in this murine model of CRC carcinomatosis. This synergistic effect was based on an enhanced induction of immunogenic cell death and activation of an efficient T-cell response leading to long-term anti-tumor memory effects. Taken together, co-application of BGs strengthens the immunogenic component of the oxaliplatin anticancer response and thus represents a promising natural immune-adjuvant to chemotherapy in advanced CRC.
A bit-constrained sar adc for compressive acquisition of frequency sparse signals (2012)

We introduce a novel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) based on the traditional successive approximation register. This architecture employs compressive sensing (CS) techniques to acquire and reconstruct frequency sparse signals. One important difference between our approach and traditional CS systems is that our architecture constrains the number of bits used during acquisition rather than the number of measurements. Our system is able to flexibly partition a fixed budget in order to trade the number of measurements it acquires with the quantization depth given to each measurement. We show that this degree of flexibility is particularly advantageous for ameliorating the CS noise folding phenomenon, allowing our ADC significant gains over measurement-constrained compressive sensing systems.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLY ASH CEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFATE RESISTANT CONCRETE. FINAL REPORT (1992)

The utilization of fly ash in concrete is advantageous for several reasons, including: (1) reduced need for the disposal of fly ash; (2) reduced cost of concrete; and (3) improved physical and mechanical properties of concrete. Improvements in the properties of concrete include improved workability, decreased temperature rise, increased long-term strength, and decreased long-term permeability. Unfortunately, fly ash has variable effects on the sulfate resistance of concrete. Uncertainties concerning these effects have often limited its use. The report describes a study in which researchers investigated the relationship between the composition of fly ash and the effects of fly ash on the sulfate resistance of concrete. Both the chemical and mineralogical compositions of fly ash were considered. The study also included an investigation of the production of sulfate resistant concrete containing non-sulfate resistant fly ash. The purpose of this portion of the study was to facilitate the utilization of fly ash from Texas.
Synthesis, in Vitro Pharmacology, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Pharmacokinetics of 3-Alkoxy-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Potent and Selective Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Novel group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonists, 3-alkoxy-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivatives 11 and 12, were discovered by the incorporation of a hydroxy or alkoxyl group onto the C-3 portion of selective and potent group II mGluR agonist 5, (1R,2S,5R,6R)-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid. Among these compounds, (1R,2R,3R,5R,6R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (-)-11be (MGS0039) was a highly selective and potent group II mGluR antagonist with the best pharmacokinetic profile. Compound (-)-11be exhibited high affinities for mGlu 2 (Ki = 2.38 +/- 0.40 nM) and mGlu 3 (4.46 +/- 0.31 nM) but low affinity for mGluR 7 (Ki = 664 +/- 106 nM), and potent antagonist activities for mGlu 2 (IC50 = 20.0 +/- 3.67 nM) and mGluR 3 (IC50 = 24.0 +/- 3.54 nM) but much less potent antagonist activities for mGlu 4 (IC50 = 1740 +/- 1080 nM), mGlu 6 (IC50 = 2060 +/- 1270 nM), mGlu 1 (IC50 = 93300 +/- 14600 nM), and mGluR 5 (IC(50) = 117000 +/- 38600 nM). No significant agonist activities of (-)-11be were found for mGluRs 2, 3, 4, 6, 1, and 5 (EC50 > 100,000 nM). Furthermore, (-)-11be exhibited dose-dependent oral absorption (plasma C(max): 214 +/- 56.7, 932 +/- 235, and 2960 +/- 1150 ng/mL for 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg, po, respectively) and acceptable blood-brain barrier penetration (brain C(max): 13.2 ng/mL for 10 mg/kg, p.o. 6 h). In this paper, we report the synthesis, in vitro pharmacological profile, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 3-alkoxy-2-amino-6-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivatives 11 and 12, and pharmacokinetic profiles of several typical compounds.
<title>GaAs/GaAIAs Lasers-State Of The Art</title> (1981)

GaAs/GaAlAs injection lasers are presently used in a variety of applications including fiber optic communications, optical disk data storage, and laser printing as well as many others. Each of these applications may require a somewhat different type of laser. This paper reviews the operating parameters and physical limitations of many of the different types of GaAs/GaAlAs lasers.
Optical implementation of terminal-attractor-based associative memory (1992)

For the purpose of reducing the spurious states in a Hopfield neural net for associative memory, we invoke terminal attractors. In achieving the optical implementation of the terminal-attractor-based associative memory (TABAM) as described in this paper, we first prove the existence of the terminal-attractor model with binary neuron representation. We then present several one- and two-dimensional optical architectures for the TABAM. Finally, as an example, we experimentally demonstrate an inner-product optical neural model using liquid-crystal spatial light modulators with engineering approximations and discuss how to apply the inner-product model to build a two-dimensional parallel processing TABAM.
Effect of Oxygen Concentration in NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR Reaction over Fe- and Cu-loaded Beta Zeolites (2012)

The kinetic study on the effect of O2 concentration in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxide (NOx) by ammonia (NH3) was systematically carried out at temperatures below 200 °C over Fe- and Cu-loaded beta zeolites. The large difference was observed in the effect of O2 concentration over the two catalysts: for the Fe-loaded beta zeolite, the NO conversion increased considerably with the O2 concentration. On the other hand, for the Cu-loaded beta zeolite, increasing the concentration of O2 did not have a significant impact. In addition, the temperature dependence of the apparent reaction orders was investigated. The apparent reaction order of O2 decreased with an increase in the reaction temperature, being 0.9 at 150 °C and 0.4 at 200 °C for the Fe-loaded beta zeolite, and 0.2 at 125 °C and 0.1 at 175 °C for the Cu-loaded beta zeolite. The fact that the degree of the reduction in the reaction order of O2 was consisted with that of the increase in the reaction order of NH3 when the reaction temperature was increased strongly suggests that adsorbed NH3 inhibits the adsorption of O2.
Wavelength and intensity stabilisation of 980 nmdiode laserscoupled to fibre Bragg gratings (1994)

The wavelength and intensity of 980 nm diode lasers are stabilised by coupling the lasers to low-reflectivity (<5%) fibre Bragg gratings. Power of up to 100 mW from the singlemode fibre has been obtained. The increased stability of these permanently mounted devices may result in improved performance of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers.
Microwave GaAs Integrated Circuits On Quartz Substrates (1994)

Integrated circuits for use in detecting electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths constructed by bonding GaAs-based integrated circuits onto quartz-substrate-based stripline circuits. Approach offers combined advantages of high-speed semiconductor active devices made only on epitaxially deposited GaAs substrates with low-dielectric-loss, mechanically rugged quartz substrates. Other potential applications include integration of antenna elements with active devices, using carrier substrates other than quartz to meet particular requirements using lifted-off GaAs layer in membrane configuration with quartz substrate supporting edges only, and using lift-off technique to fabricate ultrathin discrete devices diced separately and inserted into predefined larger circuits. In different device concept, quartz substrate utilized as transparent support for GaAs devices excited from back side by optical radiation.