gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Multipath Estimation by Sequential Monte Carlo Methods (2007)

: A sequential Bayesian estimation algorithm for multipath mitigation is presented, with an underlying movement model that is especially designed for dynamic channel scenarios. In order to facilitate efficient integration into receiver tracking loops it builds upon complexity reduction concepts that previously have been applied within Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators. To demonstrate its capabilities under different GNSS signal conditions, simulation results are presented for both artificially generated random channels and high resolution channel impulse responses recorded during a measurement campaign.
Identification of the nicking tyrosine of geminivirus Rep protein (1995)

The replication initiator (Rep) proteins of geminiviruses perform a DNA cleavage and strand transfer reaction at the viral origin of replication. As a reaction intermediate, Rep proteins become covalently linked to the 5' end of the cleaved DNA. We have used tomato yellow leaf curl virus Rep protein for in vivo and in vitro analyses. Isolating a covalent peptide-nucleotide complex, we have identified the amino acid of Rep which mediates cleavage and links the protein to DNA. We show that tyrosine-103, located in a conserved sequence motif, initiates DNA cleavage and is the physical link between geminivirus Rep protein and its origin DNA.
Mechanism of the endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by a grape seed extract (2008)

GSEs (grape seed extracts) which contain polyphenolic compounds cause an endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms involved in this response. A well-characterized GSE was applied to rabbit aortic rings suspended in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit buffer maintained at 37 degrees C. In aortic rings pre-contacted with noradrenaline (norepinephrine), the extract produced a dose-dependent relaxation. The maximum relaxations elicited by the extract (71.9+/-1.0%) were similar to those elicited by acetylcholine (64.2+/-1.5%) (n=12 for each). As expected, the relaxations were abolished by removal of the endothelium and by prior incubation with L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), confirming the essential role of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) in the response. The responses to the GSE were also abolished by incubation with wortmannin and LY294002, which are inhibitors of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). These compounds had no effect on the responses to acetylcholine. Using immunoblotting, we also demonstrated that the GSE induced the phosphorylation of both Akt and eNOS in HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). Finally, the extract was modified by methylation of the hydroxy groups in the polyphenolic groups and was applied to the aortic rings. The modified extract failed to cause a relaxation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by the GSE was mediated by activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway through a redox-sensitive mechanism, resulting in phosphorylation of eNOS.
Experimental investigation of temperature effect on corrosive sulfur formation in transformers (2017)

This paper presents experimental findings of the effect of temperature on corrosive sulfur formation in transformers. To conduct the experimental study, new transformer oil was randomly selected and heated at 40, 60, 80, 120, and 150 °C temperature for 72 hours each along with copper strips wrapped with insulation paper and immersed in oil in accordance with IEC-62535 standard test covered conductor deposition (CCD). The oil, copper strips, and the insulation paper samples were evaluated using gas chromatography-sulfur chemiluminescence detector (GC-SCD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests after 72 hours exposure at each temperature. The values so obtained, were analyzed and effect of temperature on various parameters was studied individually and as well as collectively. It was found that temperature plays an important role on corrosive sulfur formation process inside the transformers and hence the temperature of the oil should be kept within the allowed operating ranges for avoiding unforeseen failures.
String Matching in Hardware Using the FM-Index (2011)

String matching is a ubiquitous problem that arises in a wide range of applications in computing, e.g., packet routing, intrusion detection, web querying, and genome analysis. Due to its importance, dozens of algorithms and several data structures have been developed over the years. A recent breakthrough in this field is the FM-index, a data structure that synergistically combines the Burrows-Wheeler transform and the suffix array. In software, the FM-index allows searching (exact and approximate) in times comparable to the fastest known indices for large texts (suffix trees and suffix arrays), but has the additional advantage of being more space-efficient than those approaches. In this paper, we describe the first FPGA-based hardware implementation of the FM-index for exact pattern matching. We report experimental results on the problem of mapping short DNA sequences to a reference genome. We show that the throughput of the FM-index is significantly higher than the naive (brute force) approach. Like the Bowtie software tool, the FM-index can abandon early the hardware matching. It outperforms Bowtie by two orders of magnitude.
Diagnosis of semiconductor manufacturing equipment and processes (1994)

This paper describes part of the research performed during the Microelectronic Manufacturing Science and Technology (MMST) program on techniques for the diagnosis of equipment malfunctions and misprocessing during semiconductor manufacturing. The main motivation of this work was to investigate techniques for rapid diagnosis. Towards this goal, a number of equipment-level diagnosis techniques are described. These techniques use equipment models to diagnose equipment malfunctions at a given process step. The results obtained by applying these diagnosis approaches are very encouraging. The various approaches were able to diagnose a number of faults that were deliberately introduced to test the algorithms and the equipment faults that developed during the final demonstration of the MMST program. These techniques were applied to a TI-built Advanced Vacuum Processor (AVP) and an Applied Materials Precision reactor AMT 5000.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Poliovirus Recombinants Against Malignant Glioma (2004)

Poliovirus has recently been added to the rapidly expanding list of potential viral oncolytic agents. Its inherent tropism for certain malignant cell types, highly lytic growth cycle, andpermissiveness for genetic manipulation qualify poliovirus as a prime target for therapeutic use against cancer. On the other hand, the danger of serious neurological damage following administration of poliovirus-based oncolytic agents restricts its use. We have developed an innovative strategy to harness poliovirus for therapeutic use against central nervous system (CNS) malignancy. Our approach is the result of thorough analyses of the molecular pathogenesis of poliomyelitis and takes advantage of the natural targeting and invasive properties of poliovirus. We have exploited an unconventional mechanism of translation initiation upon which poliovirus relies to achieve a tumor-specific replication phenotype and to exclude viral cytopathogenicity in normal tissues.
Data embedding in hardcopy images via halftone-dot orientation modulation (2008)

The principal challenge in hardcopy data hiding is achieving robustness to the print-scan process. Conventional robust hiding schemes are not well-suited because they do not adapt to the print-scan distortion channel, and hence are fundamentally limited in a detection theoretic sense. We consider data embedding in images printed with clustered dot halftones. The input to the print-scan channel in this scenario is a binary halftone image, and hence the distortions are also intimately tied to the nature of the halftoning algorithm employed. We propose a new framework for hardcopy data hiding based on halftone dot orientation modulation. We develop analytic halftone threshold functions that generate elliptically shaped halftone dots in any desired orientation. Our hiding strategy then embeds a binary symbol as a particular choice of the orientation. The orientation is identified at the decoder via statistically motivated moments following appropriate global and local synchronization to adress the geometric distortion introduced by the print scan channel. A probabilistic model of the print-scan process, which conditions received moments on input orientation, allows for Maximum Likelihood (ML) optimal decoding. Our method bears similarities to the paradigms of informed coding and QIM, but also makes departures from classical results in that constant and smooth image areas are better suited for embedding via our scheme as opposed to busy or "high entropy" regions. Data extraction is automatically done from a scanned hardcopy, and results indicate significantly higher embedding rate than existing methods, a majority of which rely on visual or manual detection.
<title>Induced absorption in silica: a preliminary model</title> (1998)

The use of silica lenses in a photolithographic system employing a 193 nm excimer laser has been proposed. It is desirable to determine if, at the low intensity to be used in the system (approximately equals 0.1 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>), the glass will withstand about ten years of use without objectionable induced absorption. At a pulse frequency of 1 Khz, this length of time corresponds to about 10<SUP>11</SUP> pulses. Because of the long time involved, an accelerated test is needed to determine the susceptibility of silica to induced absorption. The mechanism of darkening must be understood in order that the behavior of the glass under use conditions be predicted with confidence from the results of the accelerated test. The most important processes in the mechanism of induced absorption are: (1) Two photon absorption creating an exciton; (2) Trapping of the exciton by a localized state; (3) Dissociation of the trapped exciton to form an E' center and a NBOHC; (4) Reaction of these centers with hydrogen to form SiH and SiOH bonds; and (5) Photolysis of the SiH bonds to produce more E' centers. The mechanism will be discussed in detail and the agreement with experimental results over a range of intensities and hydrogen levels will be presented.
An effective method for the analysis of bent dielectric waveguides (2003)

We have developed a simple but efficient algorithm for the calculation of the modes of a bent rectangular waveguide. The method is simple to use, and permit to obtain in a single calculation step all the modes of the bend. The results are in good agreement with those found with the traditional methods.
System-Level Studies of a $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Superconducting Fault-Current Limiter in an Active Distribution Network (2010)

Superconducting fault-current limiters are being considered as a potential technology for restricting fault current to acceptable levels without extensive and costly network asset replacement. Such an issue currently arises primarily from the connection of a distributed generation. This paper first investigates the fault studies of an active medium-voltage distribution network with several superconducting fault-current-limiter deployment strategies and then considers their impact on circuit-breaker transient recovery voltage. These circuit-breaker characteristics at various voltage levels have been studied, and it is demonstrated that the superconducting fault-current limiter is capable of reducing both the magnitude and the rate of rise of the transient recovery voltage.
Detector to discriminate between tool break acoustic signature and spiky noise (1988)

First Page
Etch and Plating Resist Formation by Hot Melt Ink Jet (2007)

There are many industrial fabrication processes which require etching or plating steps to be performed. While it is a long term ambition to develop direct-write technologies to improve such processes and remove the need for these steps, there is scope in the near term to improve the efficiency of such processes by using digital masking. This presentation will examine the use of hot melt ink jet in various industrial fabrication processes and the special advantages of such an approach. Hot melt inks provide very reliable jetting due to their low volatility and excellent print quality even on rough surfaces, due to the inks freezing on contact with the substrate. A variety of hot melt ink chemistries can be evolved to suit various different etch and plate applications.
Liver bioengineering: Current status and future perspectives (2012)

The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes. There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration. The first consists of creating a supporting scaffold, either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs, and seeding cells on the scaffold, where they will mature either in bioreactors or in vivo. This strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation, as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human origin. Liver bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug development. The second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell pathways. In fact, it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver volume. Infusion of autologous bone marrow cells, which aids in liver regeneration, into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition, but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies. As well, it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix, and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.
ChemInform Abstract: Designable Biointerfaces Using Vapor‐Based Reactive Polymers (2011)

Abstract Review: 69 refs.
Designed Bithiophene-Based Interfacial Layer for High-Efficiency Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Cells. Importance of Interfacial Energy Level Matching (2009)

This contribution describes the design, synthesis, characterization, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) device implementation of a novel interfacial layer (IFL) for insertion between the anode and active layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The IFL precursor, 5,5′-bis[(p-trichlorosilylpropylphenyl)phenylamino]-2,2′-bithiophene (PABTSi2), covalently anchors to the Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) surface via the −SiCl3 groups and incorporates a bithiophene unit to align the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy with that of P3HT (5.0 eV). The synthesis and subsequent electrochemical analysis of PABTSi2 indicates a HOMO energy of 4.9 eV, while the lowest uoccupied molecular orbital level remains sufficiently high, at 2.2 eV, to effectively block electron leakage to the OPV ITO anode. For the P3HT:PCBM OPV fabrication, PABTSi2 is used as a spin-coated cross-linked (via −SiCl3 hydrolysis and condensation) 1:2 blend with poly[9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-N-[4-(3-methylpropyl)]-diphenylamine] (TFB). Such devices exhibit an average power conversion efficiency of 3.14%, a fill factor of 62.7%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.54 V, and a short-circuit current of 9.31 mA/cm2, parameters rivaling those of optimized PEDOT:PSS-based devices.
A Model-Based Controller for the Cascade Multilevel Converter Used as a Shunt Active Filter (2007)

This paper presents a modeling process for the cascade H-bridge three-phase multilevel converter used as a shunt active filter. Based on the proposed mathematical model, a controller is designed to compensate harmonic distortion and reactive power due to a nonlinear load. Simultaneously, the controller guarantees regulation and balance of all capacitor voltages. The idea behind the controller is to allow distortion of the current reference during the transients to guarantee regulation and balance of the capacitors voltages. The results are shown for a cascade H-bridge three-phase five-level converter, however, this approach can be easily extended to higher levels.
An estimation-theoretic framework for spatially scalable video coding with delayed prediction (2012)

A novel estimation-theoretic (ET) approach is developed for optimal enhancement layer prediction, in spatially scalable video coding (SVC), which incorporates motion compensation at the enhancement layer, with both current and future information from the base layer. It is inspired by the early ET framework (originated in our group) for quality (SNR) scalability, which achieved optimal enhancement layer prediction by fully accounting for information from the current base layer (e.g., the quantization intervals) and the enhancement layer, to efficiently calculate the conditional expectation that forms the optimal predictor. Central to that approach was the fact that all layers reconstruct approximations to the same original transform coefficient. This, however, is not the case in spatial scalability, where the layers encode different resolution versions of the signal. To approach optimal enhancement layer prediction, the current work departs from existing spatial SVC schemes that employ pixel-domain resampling and causal prediction. Instead, it integrates a transform domain resampling technique that makes the base layer quantization intervals and reconstructions accessible to and usable at the enhancement layer. The approach is extended for an SVC framework that allows delay in enhancement layer coding relative to the base layer, and achieves optimal delayed prediction, in conjunction with spatial SVC. Simulations provide experimental evidence that the overall proposed approach substantially outperforms existing spatially scalable coders.
Process for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water. [ferriferrous oxide, HCl, ferric chloride] (1976)

A process is proposed for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, reducing the ferric chloride produced with a reducing agent to produce ferrous chloride, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, then oxidizing either the ferrous compound or metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Four specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen with high energy efficiencies.
A Promiscuous DNA Packaging Machine from Bacteriophage T4 (2011)

Complex viruses are assembled from simple protein subunits by sequential and irreversible assembly. During genome packaging in bacteriophages, a powerful molecular motor assembles at the special portal vertex of an empty prohead to initiate packaging. The capsid expands after about 10%-25% of the genome is packaged. When the head is full, the motor cuts the concatemeric DNA and dissociates from the head. Conformational changes, particularly in the portal, are thought to drive these sequential transitions. We found that the phage T4 packaging machine is highly promiscuous, translocating DNA into finished phage heads as well as into proheads. Optical tweezers experiments show that single motors can force exogenous DNA into phage heads at the same rate as into proheads. Single molecule fluorescence measurements demonstrate that phage heads undergo repeated initiations, packaging multiple DNA molecules into the same head. These results suggest that the phage DNA packaging machine has unusual conformational plasticity, powering DNA into an apparently passive capsid receptacle, including the highly stable virus shell, until it is full. These features probably led to the evolution of viral genomes that fit capsid volume, a strikingly common phenomenon in double-stranded DNA viruses, and will potentially allow design of a novel class of nanocapsid delivery vehicles.
Lewis Acid Mediated [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Between Hydrazones and Olefins. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A novel software approach for service brokering in advanced service architectures (2006)

Service brokering considerably enhances advanced service architectures, such as IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), since the myriad applications potentially involved in a call or other session are located in the application layer and are separate and large grained. Through effective service brokering — that is, the effective blending and coordinating of services — interaction problems can be controlled and new composite services offering an enriched end-user experience can be provided. How can an effective service brokering capability be realized in a product when it must address needs not yet known? This question instigated the novel software approach (covered by filed Lucent patents) used in the Lucent Service Broker™ product. Adapting techniques used in Web servers and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) servlet engines, but bringing to the design the special needs for service interaction and blending along with attendant needs for scalability and performance, the Lucent Service Broker was designed as a software engine with a powerful but easy-to-use API for customer programmability. This paper describes the software design of the Lucent Service Broker, particularly focusing on its novel aspects.
Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nuclease Digestion, and Mass Spectrometry Based Assay for the Trinucleotide Repeat Status of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Gene (2009)

CGG repeat expansions in the 5' noncoding region of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) give rise to both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative human diseases depending on the length of the expansion. Expansions beyond 200 repeats (full mutation) generally result in gene silencing and fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable form of cognitive impairment and autism. Smaller expansions (55-200 CGG repeats; "premutation") give rise to the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) through an entirely distinct, toxic mRNA gain-of-function mechanism. A rapid means for both high-risk and newborn screening for allele size would provide a greater opportunity for early intervention and family counseling as well as furnish critical data on repeat size distribution and expanded allele frequencies. In the current work, we propose a novel mass spectrometry (MS) based method for the rapid identification of expanded CGG repeats to complement a recently described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for large population screening. In this combined approach, the optimized PCR method is used to amplify the relevant region of FMR1, followed by extensive nonspecific nuclease digestion. The resulting oligonucleotides are analyzed by MS in a manner that provides the relative proportion of triplet repeat oligonucleotides in seconds per sample. This assay enables swift and reproducible detection of expanded CGG alleles using a single blood spot and in principle is suitable for large scale studies and newborn screening. Moreover, this analytical scheme establishes a unique new intersection of MS with molecular biology, with potential for significant interdisciplinary impact.