gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double Gires–Tournois interferometer negative-dispersion mirrors for use in tunable mode-locked lasers (2000)

We report the implementation and operation of novel superhigh-reflectivity negative-dispersion dielectric mirrors for use in tunable ultrafast laser systems. The mirror structure is divided into two distinct regions: an underlying superhigh-reflectivity dielectric quarter-wavelength stack and an overlying negative-dispersion section consisting of only a few layers and forming simple multiple Gires-Tournois interferometers. The example that we present was designed for operation from 800 to 900 nm and has a near-constant group-delay dispersion of -40 fs(2) and a peak reflectivity greater than 99.99%. We show a comparison of the predicted and the measured mirror performance and application of these mirrors in a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser tunable from 805 to 915 nm.
Regenerative Electroless Etching of Silicon (2016)

Abstract Regenerative electroless etching (ReEtching), described herein for the first time, is a method of producing nanostructured semiconductors in which an oxidant (Ox 1 ) is used as a catalytic agent to facilitate the reaction between a semiconductor and a second oxidant (Ox 2 ) that would be unreactive in the primary reaction. Ox 2 is used to regenerate Ox 1 , which is capable of initiating etching by injecting holes into the semiconductor valence band. Therefore, the extent of reaction is controlled by the amount of Ox 2 added, and the rate of reaction is controlled by the injection rate of Ox 2 . This general strategy is demonstrated specifically for the production of highly luminescent, nanocrystalline porous Si from the reaction of V 2 O 5 in HF(aq) as Ox 1 and H 2 O 2 (aq) as Ox 2 with Si powder and wafers.
An acetone‐based phantom for quantitative diffusion MRI (2017)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1683-1692.
<title>Development of a color 3D display visible to plural viewers at the same time without special glasses by using a ray-regenerating method</title> (2002)

We have newly developed a few kinds of new auto-stereoscopic 3D displays adopting a ray-regenerating method. The method is invented basically at Osaka University in 1997. We adopted this method with LCD. The display has a very simple construction. It consists of LC panel with a very large number of pixels and many small light sources positioned behind the LC panel. We have examined the following new technologies: 1) Optimum design of the optical system. 2) Suitable construction in order to realize very large number of pixels. 3) Highly bright back-light system with optical fiber array to compensate the low lighting efficiency. The 3D displays having wide viewing area and being visible for plural viewers were realized. But the cross-talk images appeared more than we expected. By changing the construction of this system to reduce the diffusing factors of generated rays, the cross-talk images are reduced dramatically. Within the limitation of the pixel numbers of LCD, it is desirable to increase the pinhole numbers to realize the realistic 3D image. This research formed a link in the chain of the national project by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) in Japan.
Serological confirmation of Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 O-antigens by monoclonal antibodies (1984)

Murine monoclonal antibodies that bind the O-antigens of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 and Brucella abortus 1119-3 were generated after immunization of BALB/c mice with killed, whole cells. Highly purified lipopolysaccharide preparations from each organism were used to screen for antigen-specific antibodies. Immunization with B. abortus cells induced 56 antigen-specific hybrids, and 10 of the highest antibody-producing clones were selected for further study. Seven of these clones secreted immunoglobulin G, and three secreted immunoglobulin M antibodies. Immunization with Y. enterocolitica cells resulted after fusion in 76 antigen-specific hybrid cell lines; from these, seven immunoglobulin G-secreting clones were selected for study. The serological cross-reactivity of the B. abortus and Y. enterocolitica O-antigens was established by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoprecipitation, and agglutination tests with the monoclonal antibodies induced by each bacterium. This serological cross-reactivity is consistent with the structural identity of the two O-antigens established by chemical analysis.
The HIV Protease Inhibitor Saquinavir Inhibits HMGBl-Driven Inflammation by Targeting the Interaction of Cathepsin V with TLR4/MyD88 (2015)

Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (disulfide form), via activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent signaling, is a strong driver of pathologic inflammation in both acute and chronic conditions. Identification of selective inhibitors of HMGB1-TLR4 signaling could offer novel therapies that selectively target proximal endogenous activators of inflammation. A cell-based screening strategy led us to identify first generation HIV-protease inhibitors (PI) as potential inhibitors of HMGB1-TLR4 driven cytokine production. Here we report that the first-generation HIV-PI saquinavir (SQV), as well as a newly identified mammalian protease inhibitor STO33438 (334), potently block disulfide HMGB1-induced TLR4 activation, as assayed by the production of TNF-α by human monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1). We further report on the identification of mammalian cathepsin V, a protease, as a novel target of these inhibitors. Cellular as well as recombinant protein studies show that the mechanism of action involves a direct interaction between cathepsin V with TLR4 and its adaptor protein MyD88. Treatment with SQV, 334 or the known cathepsin inhibitor SID26681509 (SID) significantly improved survival in murine models of sepsis and reduced liver damage following warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models, both characterized by strong HMGB1-TLR4 driven pathology. The current study demonstrates a novel role for cathepsin V in TLR4 signaling and implicates cathepsin V as a novel target for first-generation HIV-PI compounds. The identification of cathepsin V as a target to block HMGB1-TLR4-driven inflammation could allow for a rapid transition of the discovery from the bench to the bedside. Disulfide HMGB1 drives pathologic inflammation in many models by activating signaling through TLR4. Cell-based screening identified the mammalian protease cathepsin V as a novel therapeutic target to inhibit TLR4-mediated inflammation induced by extracellular HMGB1 (disulfide form). We identified two protease inhibitors (PIs) that block cathepsin V and thereby inhibit disulfide HMGB1-induced TLR4 activation: saquinavir (SQV), a first-generation PI targeting viral HIV protease and STO33438 (334), targeting mammalian proteases. We discovered that cathepsin V binds TLR4 under basal and HMGB1-stimulated conditions, but dissociates in the presence of SQV over time. Thus cathepsin V is a novel target for first-generation HIV PIs and represents a potential therapeutic target of pathologic inflammation.
Amino Acid Substitutions in Homologs of the STAY-GREEN Protein Are Responsible for the<i>green-flesh</i>and<i>chlorophyll retainer</i>Mutations of Tomato and Pepper     (2008)

Color changes often accompany the onset of ripening, leading to brightly colored fruits that serve as attractants to seed-dispersing organisms. In many fruits, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum), there is a sharp decrease in chlorophyll content and a concomitant increase in the synthesis of carotenoids as a result of the conversion of chloroplasts into chromoplasts. The green-flesh (gf) and chlorophyll retainer (cl) mutations of tomato and pepper, respectively, are inhibited in their ability to degrade chlorophyll during ripening, leading to the production of ripe fruits characterized by both chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation and are thus brown in color. Using a positional cloning approach, we have identified a point mutation at the gf locus that causes an amino acid substitution in an invariant residue of a tomato homolog of the STAY-GREEN (SGR) protein of rice (Oryza sativa). Similarly, the cl mutation also carries an amino acid substitution at an invariant residue in a pepper homolog of SGR. Both GF and CL expression are highly induced at the onset of fruit ripening, coincident with the ripening-associated decline in chlorophyll. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are two distinct groups of SGR proteins in plants. The SGR subfamily is required for chlorophyll degradation and operates through an unknown mechanism. A second subfamily, which we have termed SGR-like, has an as-yet undefined function.
IDIA: doubling the recorded imaging area or the frame rate in off-axis interferometric microscopy (2014)

We review the interferometric double-imaging area (IDIA) technique,<sup>1</sup> a new holographic principle and an optical setup for doubling the field of view of interferometric imaging setups, and obtaining wider off-axis interference areas with low-coherence light sources. The method enables measuring larger samples that cannot fit into one interferometric field of view without decreasing the microscope magnification or performing scanning, while losing in the camera frame rate. The new principle was implemented using a modified off-axis τ interferometer, which is compact, portable, and easy to construct and align even with low-coherence light sources. We demonstrate using the proposed technique for imaging the quantitative phase maps of a transparent microscopic test target and live neurons.
GRATIN (2014)

Native graph query and processing capabilities have become indispensable for modern business applications in enterprise-critical operations on data that is stored in relational database management systems. Traversal operations are a basic ingredient of graph algorithms and graph queries. As a consequence, they are fundamental for querying graph data in a relational database management system.
Real-time vehicle detection using equi-height mosaicking image (2013)

In this paper, we present a real-time forward vehicle detection warning system using a novel image representation called an equi-height mosaicking image. The proposed system uses a GPU (graphic processing unit) based approach for the real-time processing of a road scene image captured from a single camera. The equi-height mosaicking image improves the execution time of the existing GPU-based acceleration approach without decreasing the detection accuracy. The equi-height image is generated as follows. After a geometric analysis of a road scene using the vanishing point and horizon, we crop a set of image strips by sampling several positions on the road at uniform intervals. The height of each image strip is computed by projecting the predefined height of a vehicle at a distant position onto an image plane. After all the cropped images are resized to the uniform height required to build the equi-height image, we concatenate these resized images, similar to a panorama image, to create the equi-height mosaicking image. The concatenated image has a long width but the height of the image is uniform. The proposed system then performs a GPU-based vehicle detection on the concatenated image using a 1D search based support vector machine (SVM) classification. The proposed method is faster than the GPU-based OpenCV HOG detector because of the reduced search area.
A unique serine-rich repeat protein (Srr-2) and novel surface antigen (ε) associated with a virulent lineage of serotype III Streptococcus agalactiae (2006)

Group B streptococci (GBS) are pathogens of both neonates and adults, with serotype III strains in particular being associated with invasive disease and meningitis. In this study, a novel GBS surface antigen, epsilon, was found to be co-expressed with the previously reported delta antigen on an identical subset of serotype III GBS. Expression of delta/epsilon on the surface of serotype III GBS was shown to distinguish the restriction digest pattern (RDP) III-3 and multilocus sequence typing (ST)-17 lineage. epsilon-Specific antibodies were reactive with a unique, high-molecular-mass, serine-rich repeat protein (Srr-2) found exclusively in RDP III-3 strains. The gene encoding Srr-2 was located within a putative accessory secretory locus that included secY2 and secA2 homologues and had a genetic organization similar to that of the secY2/A2 locus of staphylococci. In contrast, serotype III delta/epsilon-negative strains and strains representative of serotypes Ia, Ib, Ic and II shared a common Srr-encoding gene, srr-1, and an organization of the secY2/A2 locus similar to that of previously reported serotype Ic, delta/epsilon-negative serotype III and serotype V GBS strains. Representative serotype III delta/epsilon-positive strains had LD(90) values 3-4 logs less than those of serotype III delta/epsilon-negative strains in a neonatal mouse model of infection. These results indicate that the RDP III-3/ST-17 lineage expresses Srr-2 and is highly virulent in an in vivo model of neonatal sepsis.
The Role of Fc receptor‐like 2 in B cell Signaling (2008)

The Fc receptor‐like protein 2 (FCRL2) is a member of a family of receptors identified on the basis of sequence similarity with previously identified Fc receptors. The human FCRL2 transmembrane protein has 4 Ig‐like extracellular domains and a cytoplasmic tail containing one potential ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif) and two ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs). To define its signaling potential in B cells, we constructed a chimeric receptor containing the extracellular and transmembrane domain of FcγRIIb fused to the intracellular domain of FCRL2 and expressed it in an Fc receptor deficient B cell line. Our functional analysis shows that, when coligated with the B cell receptor (BCR) by intact antibody, the FcγRIIb‐FCRL2 chimeric receptor is tyrosine phosphorylated, recruits the SHP‐1 phosphatase, and inhibits whole cell tyrosine phosphorylation. Preliminary data suggest that ERK activation and calcium mobilization are also inhibited upon crosslinking of FCRL2 with the BCR. These results indicate that FCRL2 may serve an inhibitory function in B cells. NIH/NIAID 5 T32 AI07051; 5 T32 GM08111‐20
Pheromone Biosynthesis-Activating Neuropeptide Hormone of <i>Heliothis zea</i> (1991)

A pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide hormone (Hez-PBAN) controlling sex pheromone production in moths was isolated from the brain-subesophageal ganglion complexes of the adult corn earworm, Heliothis zea. Hez-PBAN, a 33-residue C-terminally amidated peptide with a molecular weight of 3900, was purified by several high performance liquid and size-exclusion chromatographic steps. Its primary structure was determined by a combination of (1) amino acid analysis, (2) automated Edman degradation, (3) Californium-252 time-of-flight plasma desorption mass spectrometry, and (4) C-terminal sequencing with carboxypeptidase P. Natural Hez-PBAN was found to have undergone oxidation of both its methionines to the corresponding sulfoxides during isolation and purification. Synthetic Hez-PBAN, when oxidized, was shown to exhibit identical chromatographic and spectroscopic properties as the natural material. Synthetic Hez-PBAN at a dose of 2-4 picomoles induced production of a normal quantity of sex pheromone in ligated H. zea females.
Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Phosphines (2006)

P-stereogenic phosphines are important ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Due to the lack of procedures for their synthesis, their use as ligands is not very common. The authors report the synthesis of these compounds through platinum catalysis. A variety of benzylic chlorides and bromides were shown to give good yields and acceptable enantioselectivities. NaOTMS was the base used for deprotonation of the phosphine substrate. Various chiral ligands were screened with Me-Duphos giving the best results.
Measuring the complex permittivity of poultry meat with a planar transmission-line sensor (2013)

A planar transmission-line sensor is used to measure the complex permittivity of chicken breast meat over the frequency range 0.5 - 5 GHz. Results for the permittivity of nine samples of chicken breast meat are compared to results obtained with a commercially available open-ended coaxial-line probe. It is shown that there is generally less variation in the results obtained with the planar transmission-line sensor for different sample orientations.
Two Histone Marks Establish the Inner Centromere and Chromosome Bi-Orientation (2010)

For proper partitioning of chromosomes in mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) including Aurora B and survivin must be localized at the center of paired kinetochores, at the site called the inner centromere. It is largely unknown what defines the inner centromere and how the CPC is targeted to this site. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of histone H3-threonine 3 (H3-pT3) mediated by Haspin cooperates with Bub1-mediated histone 2A-serine 121 (H2A-S121) phosphorylation in targeting the CPC to the inner centromere in fission yeast and human cells. H3-pT3 promotes nucleosome binding of survivin, whereas phosphorylated H2A-S121 facilitates the binding of shugoshin, the centromeric CPC adaptor. Haspin colocalizes with cohesin by associating with Pds5, whereas Bub1 localizes at kinetochores. Thus, the inner centromere is defined by intersection of two histone kinases.
Simultaneous and cooperative gas storage and gas production using bifunctional zeolites (2008)

Nitric oxide can be stored in and produced from zeolites in a simultaneous and cooperative process.
Prevalence of CagA-bearing Helicobacter pylori strains detected by the anti-CagA assay in patients with peptic ulcer disease and in controls. (1996)

This newly developed anti-CagA antibody assay was highly reproducible. Anti-CagA antibody positivity was present in a significantly higher percentage of peptic ulcer disease subjects than in non-ulcer and asymptomatic healthy controls. Thus, anti-CagA antibody can be used as a clinical marker for peptic ulceration.
BRing it on: new insights into the mechanism of brassinosteroid action (2003)

Several recent breakthroughs have filled in key details of the brassinosteroid (BR) response. Identification of BAK1, a BRI1 interacting protein, the negative regulator BIN2, as well as direct targets of BIN2, BZR1 and BES1, provide a link between BR perception at the cell surface and regulation of gene expression in the nucleus. Global expression studies further defined the downstream events in this pathway, confirming the role of several factors acting in negative feedback regulation on BR levels. New links to the plant hormone, auxin, were also uncovered.
Emulsifier of Arthrobacter RAG-1: isolation and emulsifying properties (1979)

The oil-degrading Arthrobacter sp. RAG-1 produced an extracellular nondialyzable emulsifying agent when grown on hexadecane, ethanol, or acetate medium. The emulsifier was prepared by two procedures: (i) heptane extraction of the cell-free culture medium and (ii) precipitation with ammonium sulfate. A convenient assay was developed for measurement of emulsifier concentrations between 3 and 75 micrograms/ml. The rate of emulsion fromation was proportional to both hydrocarbon and emulsifier concentrations. Above pH 6, activity was dependent upon divalent cations; half-maximum activity was obtained in the presence of 1.5 mM Mg2+. With a ratio of gas oil to emulsifier of 50, stable emulsions were formed with average droplet sizes of less than 1 micron. Emulsifier production was parallel to growth on either hydrocarbon or nonhydrocarbon substrates during the exponential phase; however, production continued after growth ceased.
Reactive Power Control of Current Source Converter based Wind Energy System (2007)

In this paper, a PWM current source converter is proposed for high-power wind energy system using a Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The current source converter normally requires filter capacitors on its ac side, which may affect power factor of the system. A decoupled active/reactive power control algorithm is proposed for the grid-side power factor adjustment. The dc current reference is generated in a way to meet the requirements from both sides. In addition, Field Oriented Control theory is used for the wind generator control. Experiments on a small-scale laboratory have been carried out to verify the analysis and experimental results are presented.
Low‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites Containing an Organic Cation with an Extended Conjugated System: Tuning the Excitonic Absorption Features (2018)

Abstract Low‐dimensional hybrid perovskites are receiving increased attention. One of the advantages of the low‐dimensional hybrids over their 3D counterparts is their greater structural flexibility towards the incorporation of bigger, more complex, organic cations. In this communication, we introduce a pyrene derivative as an organic cation containing an extended π‐system for use in a variety of low‐dimensional hybrids. We show that materials with different excitonic absorption features can be obtained by tuning the iodide/lead ratio in the precursor solutions, using the same pyrene cation. In this way, hybrids with optical characteristics corresponding to 2D, 1D and 0D hybrid perovskites are obtained. The formation and thermal stability of the different hybrids is analysed and compared.
Tumor Boundary Estimation Through Time-Domain Peaks Monitoring: Numerical Predictions and Experimental Results in Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms (2009)

A method to estimate the boundary of a tumor using an interstitial microwave probe was evaluated in numerical and phantom models. This method utilizes time-domain signal reflection from the tumor/liver interface to provide information about tumor boundary in both radial and axial directions. Using computational experiments, tumors with radial diameters up to 25 mm were estimated with less than 1 mm error. Axial diameters were estimated with at most 5 mm error. Accuracy seemed to increase with radial diameter but decreased with axial diameter. Phantom experiments confirmed the computational results. These early results indicate that the proposed method may be used to estimate tumor boundary in both radial and axial dimensions without imaging. The technique may also be applicable in other situations that contain dielectric contrast between a volume of tissue and its background, such as monitoring tumor ablation growth. Additional work is needed to validate and optimize this method in tumor models.
Comparison of Gal and Non-Gal-Mediated Cardiac Xenograft Rejection (2011)

The histology of rejection seemed independent of the anti-Gal or non-Gal immune response. Myocyte vacuolization seems to be an early feature of delayed xenograft rejection presaging more classic pathologic features.
Energy proportional image sensors for continuous mobile vision (2013)

A hurdle to frequently performing mobile computer vision tasks is the high energy cost of image sensing. In particular, modern image sensors are not energy proportional; for low resolution and low frame rate capture, the image sensor consumes almost the same amount of energy as it does at high resolutions and high frame rates. We reveal two system-level energy proportional mechanisms: (i) using an optimal pixel clock frequency; (ii) entering low power standby mode between frames. These techniques can be implemented by the image sensor driver with minimal hardware adjustment. Further improvements can be made by designing sensors with heterogeneous hardware architectures. With energy proportionality, computer vision frameworks can be optimized for power consumption, continuously requesting low resolution frames with low energy while only occasionally using high energy to request high resolution frames. This will in turn enable low power continuous mobile vision applications.