gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Multiple-Isocenter Treatment Planning for Linac-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery (2000)

Objective: Computer-assisted treatment planning for linac-based radiosurgery is still an open research problem, especially for multiple-isocenter procedures, primarily due to its high complexity and computational requirements. This paper focuses on the optimization of multiple-isocenter treatment planning for linac systems, and addresses several important issues associated with multiple isocenters, such as dose conformality, homogeneity, and optimization of isocenter position and dose.Methods: The key idea behind our approach is that the desired dose distribution can be decomposed into a number of fundamental components. In the current paper, an analytical form, the so-called Ellipsoidal Dose Distribution Estimation (EDDE) model, represents each component. We establish ways (arc configurations) to achieve such ellipsoidal doses of arbitrary position, orientation, and size. Since the EDDE model is described by relatively few parameters, it allows very quick estimation of the dose distribution corresponding to a particular isocenter and thus makes the optimization of isocenter position very efficient. It is further used in a framework for optimal treatment planning, in which a number of ellipsoidal dose distributions, each corresponding to a different isocenter, are optimally placed to cover the target while sparing healthy tissue.Results: The general ellipsoidal dose distribution of linac-based radiosurgery is summarized as a mathematical model with the aid of supporting experiments. Comparisons between the EDDE-optimized and clinically implemented plans are made, revealing the superior performance of the former. In addition, a dramatic reduction in planning time is achieved using the EDDE model.Conclusion: The proposed EDDE model is a useful and effective dose model in multiple-isocenter treatment planning for linac-based radiosurgery.
Determination of Genotype Combinations That Can Predict the Outcome of the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence Using the 5-HT<sub>3</sub> Antagonist Ondansetron (2013)

The authors present initial evidence suggesting that a combined fivemarker genotype panel can be used to predict the outcome of treatment of alcohol dependence with ondansetron. Additional, larger pharmacogenetic studies would help to validate these results.
Solution for Secure Private Data Storage in a Cloud (2014)

Cloud computing and, more particularly, cloud databases, is a great technology for remote centralized data managing. However, there are some drawbacks including privacy issues, insider threats and potential database thefts. Full encryption of remote database does solve the problem, but disables many operations that can be held on DBMS side; therefore problem requires much more complex solution and specific encryptions. In this paper, we propose a solution for secure private data storage that protects confidentiality of user's data, stored in cloud. Solution uses order preserving and homomorphic proprietary developed encryptions. Proposed approach includes analysis of user's SQL queries, encryption of vulnerable data and decryption of data selection, returned from DBMS. We have validated our approach through the implementation of SQL queries and DBMS replies processor, which will be discussed in this paper.
Anti-swing controllerbased on time-delayed feedback for helicopter slung load system near hover (2012)

The Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management is a techno-scientific publication serialized, edited, and published by the Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Instituto de AeronÃ¡utica e EspaÃ§o-IAE).
Analysis and design of digital CMOS circuits in hybrid SOI-epitaxial technology with different crystal orientations (2005)

This paper discusses the analysis and design of digital CMOS circuits in hybrid SOI-epitaxial technology with different crystal orientations. Various mobility enhancement schemes, such as strained Si channel devices, utilization of process/structure induced stresses, and use of different crystal orientation, have been proposed.
Simultaneous Discovery of Reusable Detectors and Subroutines Using Genetic Programming (1993)

This paper describes an approach for automatically decomposing a problem into subproblems and then automatically discovering reusable subroutines, and a way of assembling the results produced by these subroutines in order to solve a problem. The approach uses genetic programming with automatic function definition. Genetic programming provides a way to genetically breed a computer program to solve a problem. Automatic function definition enables genetic programming to define potentially useful subroutines dynamically during a run. The approach is applied to an illustrative problem. Genetic programming with automatic function definition reduced the computational effort required to learn a solution to the problem by a factor of 2.0 as compared to genetic programming without automatic function definition. Similarly, the average structural complexity of the solution was reduced by about 21%. 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW An important goal of machine learning and artificial intelligence is ...
Optimal Atrioventricular Delay in CRT Patients Can Be Approximated Using Surface Electrocardiography and Device Electrograms (2010)

A simple method of providing 30-40 ms separation between the end of the P-wave and ventricular pacing pulse can be used to approximate echocardiographically optimal AV delays.
Preparation of Bulky Zr-Based Amorphous Alloys by a Zone Melting Method (1994)

A bulk amorphous Zr60Al10Ni10Cu15Pd5 alloy was prepared by the zone melting method using an arc-type heat source. The bulk amorphous alloy prepared on the copper hearth has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 12 mm and a length of 170 mm. A majority of the region except the bottom and side edge regions contacted with copper hearth consists of an amorphous phase. The cooling rate achieved by the zone melting method is high enough to cause an amorphous phase in the Zr-based alloy where heterogeneous nucleation is suppressed. The amorphous phase subjected to continuous heating exhibits a distinct glass transition, followed by a wide supercooled liquid region and then an exothermic peak due to crystallization. The success of producing the bulk amorphous alloys by the zone melting method implies the possibility of the continuous production of the bulk amorphous alloys and seems to accelerate the subsequent progress of amorphous alloys.
Laser-Induced Graphene by Multiple Lasing: Toward Electronics on Cloth, Paper, and Food (2018)

A simple and facile method for obtaining patterned graphene under ambient conditions on the surface of diverse materials ranging from renewable precursors such as food, cloth, paper, and cardboard to high-performance polymers like Kevlar or even on natural coal would be highly desirable. Here, we report a method of using multiple pulsed-laser scribing to convert a wide range of substrates into laser-induced graphene (LIG). With the increased versatility of the multiple lase process, highly conductive patterns can be achieved on the surface of a diverse number of substrates in ambient atmosphere. The use of a defocus method results in multiple lases in a single pass of the laser, further simplifying the procedure. This method can be implemented without increasing processing times when compared with laser induction of graphene on polyimide (Kapton) substrates as previously reported. In fact, any carbon precursor that can be converted into amorphous carbon can be converted into graphene using this multiple lase method. This may be a generally applicable technique for forming graphene on diverse substrates in applications such as flexible or even biodegradable and edible electronics.
Binding of fibrin fragments to one-chain and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (1992)

To explore whether fibrin fragments have binding affinity for the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) molecule, the interactions were studied of (DD)E complex and fragments DD, E1, and E3 with one-chain and two-chain t-PA. For this purpose, a solid-phase binding assay was developed using microtiter plates with nitrocellulose filters. It was found that (DD)E complex and fragments DD and E3 retained the t-PA binding function of the parent fibrin molecule, thus demonstrating that t-PA binds to both the D and E domains of fibrin. Unexpectedly, fragment E1 did not bind t-PA. Fibrin fragments had different binding properties for one-chain and two-chain t-PA. (DD)E complex had the highest and fragment E3 the lowest affinity for one-chain t-PA, both binding curves being consistent with one class of binding sites. However, binding of the fragments with two-chain t-PA was distinguished by more than one class of binding sites, with fragment E3 having the highest affinity for this form of the activator. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid, even at 50 mmol/L concentration, had only minimal effect on binding of (DD)E complex or fragment DD to either one-chain or two-chain t-PA. The potentiating effect of fibrin fragments on plasminogen activation by t-PA was measured by a chromogenic substrate assay. Fragment DD was the most effective stimulator of plasminogen activation by t-PA. In conclusion, (DD)E complex and fragment DD retained most of the regulatory functions of fibrin, which included t-PA binding and t-PA-mediated acceleration of plasminogen activation to plasmin.
Novel On‐<scp>D</scp>emand Bioadhesion to Soft Tissue in Wet Environments (2013)

Current methods of tissue fixation rely on mechanical-related technologies developed from the clothing and carpentry industries. Herein, a novel bioadhesive method that allows tuneable adhesion and is also applicable to biodegradable polyester substrates is described. Diazirine is the key functional group that allows strong soft tissue crosslinking and on-demand adhesion based on a free radical mechanism. Plasma post-irradiation grafting makes it possible to graft diazirine onto PLGA substrates. When the diazirine-PLGA films, placed on wetted ex vivo swine aortas, are activated with low intensity UV light, lap shear strength of up to 450 ± 50 mN cm(-2) is observed, which is one order of magnitude higher than hydrogel bioadhesives placed on similar soft tissues. The diazirine-modified PLGA thin films could be added on top of previously developed technologies for minimally invasive surgeries. The present work is focused on the chemistry, grafting, and lap shear strength of the alkyl diazirine-modified PLGA bioadhesive films.
An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. (1990)

A polymorphism consisting of the presence or absence of a 250-bp DNA fragment was detected within the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE) using the endothelial ACE cDNA probe. This polymorphism was used as a marker genotype in a study involving 80 healthy subjects, whose serum ACE levels were concomitantly measured. Allele frequencies were 0.6 for the shorter allele and 0.4 for the longer allele. A marked difference in serum ACE levels was observed between subjects in each of the three ACE genotype classes. Serum immunoreactive ACE concentrations were, respectively, 299.3 +/- 49, 392.6 +/- 66.8, and 494.1 +/- 88.3 micrograms/liter, for homozygotes with the longer allele (n = 14), and heterozygotes (n = 37) and homozygotes (n = 29) with the shorter allele. The insertion/deletion polymorphism accounted for 47% of the total phenotypic variance of serum ACE, showing that the ACE gene locus is the major locus that determines serum ACE concentration. Concomitant determination of the ACE genotype will improve discrimination between normal and abnormal serum ACE values by allowing comparison with a more appropriate reference interval.
Genetic Mapping of a Locus (<i>hyp</i>) Affecting Seed Hypodermis Color in Sunflower (1996)

Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed color is determined by pigmentation of three layers of the pericarp (hull): epidermis, hypodermis, and phytomelanin layer. A gene with major effects on hypodermis color was reported previously. However, genetic factors that determine the presence or absence of pigment in the hypodermis have not been reported. We identified RFLP markers linked to factor(s) affecting hypodermis pigmentation and assessed the relationship between this trait and oil percentage in sunflower seed. An F 2 single‐cross population was produced from homozygous and homogeneous inbred parents ZENB8 and HA89, with pigmented and unpigmented hypodermis, respectively. Two hundred sixty‐seven F 2 plants and their F 3 families were evaluated. A dominant factor ( Hyp ) determining the presence of white pigments in the hypodermis was located to linkage group ‘G’. Seeds with white hypodermis had lower oil percentage than those with unpigmented hypodermis. The Hyp factor was located in the same map interval as one QTL with major effects on seed oil percentage in this population. Knowledge of genetic linkage among DNA markers, hypodermis pigmentation, and oil percentage should enhance breeding programs.
Evaluation of Boron Content Liposome Modified Protein- Transduction Domains for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (2014)

One of the radiotherapy has boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). They may make it easier to kill tumor cells with BNCT. In BNCT, it is important for boron agents, which have high selectively and high accumulation, to be introduced into tumor cells. To date, the main boron compounds used by the clinical study are sodium mercaptododecaborate (BSH) and pboronophenylalanine (BPA). But, there are no ideal boron compounds that all fulfill boron concentration required treatment, low toxicity, water solubility, low distribution in normal tissue, and high yield. So, we studied it to solve these conditions. We previously succeeded in synthesizing a boron compound-conjugated lipid analog and peptide (lipopeptide), and have now developed a liposome using that lipopeptide. First, we report here on the availability of the liposome in vitro. The liposome achieved a higher boron concentration than that in BSH solution. Thus, the liposome shows cell introduction ability. Furthermore, the liposome can be contained in BSH, and is able to increase the cellular boron concentration. Second, we report here on the availability of the liposome modified lipopeptide with neutron irradiation. The liposome modified lipopeptide is shown cytotoxicity to Colon cancer cell lines (CT26) after thermal neutron irradiation. Keywords— boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), drug delivery system (DDS), liposome
Glyoxal as a Non-Nitrogenous Formaldehyde-Free Durable-Press Reagent for Cotton' (1982)

Glyoxal was found to impart a high degree of wrinkle resistance and smooth drying qualities to all-cotton printcloth. Certain aluminum salts were effective catalysts, the least fabric discoloration being produced with aluminum sulfate. Addition of ethylene glycol or glycerol to the treating solutions eliminated almost all of the discoloration and increased the durable-press appearance ratings. Evidence is presented that the catalytic activity of aluminum sulfate is not explainable on the basis of generation of sulfuric acid by partial hydrolysis of the aluminum salt, and that metal ion catalysis, as well as specific catalysis by hydrogen ions, may take place in the case of glyoxal crosslinking of cellulose. Unlike formaldehyde, glyoxal monomer, dimers, and trimers have structures favorable for chelation by polyvalent metal ions, and such complexes may play a part in the crosslinking reactions. At ordinary concentrations of glyoxal, the durable-press treatments produced very large strength losses in the fabric, but the use of high glyoxal concentrations resulted in large improvements in strength retention.
1700 Pixels Per Inch (PPI) Passive-Matrix Micro-LED Display Powered by ASIC (2014)

We report the first 1700 pixels per inch (PPI) passive-matrix blue light-emitting diodes on silicon (LEDoS) micro-displays. By flip-chip bonding a micro-LED array onto an ASIC display driver, we successfully fabricated a 0.19-inch display with a resolution of 256 x 192, the highest ever reported in LED-based micro-display. In addition, the LEDoS micro-display can deliver brightness as high as 1300 mcd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and render images in 6-bit grayscale. The remarkable performance suggests the tremendous potential of LEDoS micro-displays for portable display applications which require high performance, small size and low power consumption.
<title>Two-dimensional triangular mesh-based mosaicking for object tracking in the presence of occlusion</title> (1997)

In this paper, we describe a method for temporal tracking of video objects in video clips. We employ a 2D triangular mesh to represent each video object, which allows us to describe the motion of the object by the displacements of the node points of the mesh, and to describe any intensity variations by the contrast and brightness parameters estimated for each node point. Using the temporal history of the node point locations, we continue tracking the nodes of the 2D mesh even when they become invisible because of self-occlusion or occlusion by another object. Uncovered parts of the object in the subsequent frames of the sequence are detected by means of an active contour which contains a novel shape preserving energy term. The proposed shape preserving energy term is found to be successful in tracking the boundary of an object in video sequences with complex backgrounds. By adding new nodes or updating the 2D triangular mesh we incrementally append the uncovered parts of the object detected during the tracking process to the one of the objects to generate a static mosaic of the object. Also, by texture mapping the covered pixels into the current frame of the video clip we can generate a dynamic mosaic of the object. The proposed mosaicing technique is more general than those reported in the literature because it allows for local motion and out-of-plane rotations of the object that results in self-occlusions. Experimental results demonstrate the successful tracking of the objects with deformable boundaries in the presence of occlusion.
Active-bootstrapped gain-enhancement technique for low-voltage circuits (1998)

A gain-enhancement technique based on active bootstrapping is proposed which ideally increases the low-frequency gain by two gain stages with no speed penalty and without adding to the phase shift. Therefore, high-frequency performance and feedback stability are not compromised. In practice, the gain enhancement will be limited by nonidealities. The technique is particularly suited for minimum supply voltages since no cascodes are used and, although the discussion pertains to CMOS, can also be applied in bipolar and BiCMOS technologies. A complete analysis, including the effects of nonidealities, is performed. A generally applicable design methodology is formulated.
Optimal Color Spaces for Balancing Digital Color Images (2003)

Unlike the human visual system, image-capture sensors lack the ability to adapt to the ambient exposure conditions. Accordingly, post-capture adjustments are required to compensate for variations in the exposure level (brightness) and capture illuminant chromaticity (white balance). These adjustments are typically made by scaling linear RGB sensor signals or by applying additive adjustments to logarithmic encodings of these signals. Even if such adjustments result in perfect balance for a given reference color in the scene (such as a reference neutral gray card), some degree of color error will typically be introduced into other scene colors. Such errors can be particularly problematic if they result in significant hue errors or if the color name is changed. The magnitude and direction of color errors introduced by balance adjustments will depend on the color space in which the balance adjustments are applied. For additive RGB color spaces, the fundamental attribute affecting these color errors is the chromaticities of the color space primaries. This paper develops a method for characterizing such color errors, and evaluates the performance of a number of commonly used color spaces. A method to determine the optimal color space primaries for which the application of balance adjustments produces minimal color errors is also presented.
A prolific catalyst for dehydrogenation of neat formic acid (2016)

Formic acid is a promising energy carrier for on-demand hydrogen generation. Because the reverse reaction is also feasible, formic acid is a form of stored hydrogen. Here we present a robust, reusable iridium catalyst that enables hydrogen gas release from neat formic acid. This catalysis works under mild conditions in the presence of air, is highly selective and affords millions of turnovers. While many catalysts exist for both formic acid dehydrogenation and carbon dioxide reduction, solutions to date on hydrogen gas release rely on volatile components that reduce the weight content of stored hydrogen and/or introduce fuel cell poisons. These are avoided here. The catalyst utilizes an interesting chemical mechanism, which is described on the basis of kinetic and synthetic experiments.
High temperature hydrogen sulfide removal (1992)

The objective is to develop and test a regenerable stannic oxide-based sorbent to remove H[sub 2]S from hot coal gases while producing sulfur as the only product. The detailed technical objectives in support of this are: (1) Develop mechanically strong and chemically inert support materials which will retain their properties through multiple absorption regeneration cycles. (2) Develop mathematical models to predict the performance of large-scale systems from benchscale results. (3) Test the durability of the best sorbent/support combinations. (4) Conduct a bench-scale proof of concept test with the best stannic-oxide sorbent. Several approaches are being used to develop long-life sorbents. The investigators have tested sorbents produced by agglomeration, pressing, and extrusion. To date over 50 formulations have been tested, with several showing promise. Table II presents the results on five of these formulations; all of these formulations had surface areas in excess of 2 m[sup 2]/gm. All of the formulations meet the goals for porosity, tin content, and surface area. The crush strength for a 1/8inches dia. by 1/8inches long sorbent is significantly affected by the method of preparing the sorbent.
Thresholding methods for lesion segmentation of basal cell carcinoma in dermoscopy images (2016)

The proposed algorithms, which include solutions for image vignetting correction and border expansion to achieve dermatologist-like borders, provide more inclusive and feature-preserving border detection, favoring better BCC classification accuracy, in future work.
Mechanically controlled reflectarray antenna for beam switching and beam shaping in millimetre-wave applications (2003)

A novel method is proposed to shape or switch the radiating beam of a reflectarray antenna by slight displacement of its layers with respect to each other. A reflectarray, which is a quasi-periodic structure composed of microstrip patches loaded by slot elements, is used in this scheme. The required phase shift at each position on the reflectarray surface is obtained by varying the slot length on the ground plane. Several groups of slots are etched on the slot layer and each group corresponds to one and the same beam. Mechanical alignment of the slots that belong to a certain group with the patch leads to activation of the corresponding beam. This method was used to design a reflectarray antenna with three beams at ±30° and 0°. Measurement results demonstrated the validity of the design procedure.