gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Limits of Wireless Caching under Uneven-Capacity Channels (2020)

This work identifies the fundamental limits of cache-aided coded multicasting in the presence of the wellknown 'worst-user' bottleneck.This stems from the presence of receiving users with uneven channel capacities, which often forces the rate of transmission of each multicasting message to be reduced to that of the slowest user.This bottleneck, which can be detrimental in general wireless broadcast settings, motivates the analysis of coded caching over a standard Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) Broadcast Channel (BC) with K cache-aided receivers, each with a generally different channel capacity.For this setting, we design a communication algorithm that is based on superposition coding that capitalizes on the realization that the user with the worst channel may not be the real bottleneck of communication.We then proceed to provide a converse that shows the algorithm to be near optimal, identifying the fundamental limits of this setting within a multiplicative factor of 4. Interestingly, the result reveals that, even if several users are experiencing channels with reduced capacity, the system can achieve the same optimal delivery time that would be achievable if all users enjoyed maximal capacity.
Mechanically assisted 3D ultrasound guided prostate biopsy system (2008)

There are currently limitations associated with the prostate biopsy procedure, which is the most commonly used method for a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer. With the use of two-dimensional (2D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for needle-guidance in this procedure, the physician has restricted anatomical reference points for guiding the needle to target sites. Further, any motion of the physician's hand during the procedure may cause the prostate to move or deform to a prohibitive extent. These variations make it difficult to establish a consistent reference frame for guiding a needle. We have developed a 3D navigation system for prostate biopsy, which addresses these shortcomings. This system is composed of a 3D US imaging subsystem and a passive mechanical arm to minimize prostate motion. To validate our prototype, a series of experiments were performed on prostate phantoms. The 3D scan of the string phantom produced minimal geometric distortions, and the geometric error of the 3D imaging subsystem was 0.37 mm. The accuracy of 3D prostate segmentation was determined by comparing the known volume in a certified phantom to a reconstructed volume generated by our system and was shown to estimate the volume with less then 5% error. Biopsy needle guidance accuracy tests in agar prostate phantoms showed that the mean error was 2.1 mm and the 3D location of the biopsy core was recorded with a mean error of 1.8 mm. In this paper, we describe the mechanical design and validation of the prototype system using an in vitro prostate phantom. Preliminary results from an ongoing clinical trial show that prostate motion is small with an in-plane displacement of less than 1 mm during the biopsy procedure.
WDM Passive Optical Networks With Wavelength Sharing (2008)

A wavelength-division-multiplexing-based passive optical network (PON) is demonstrated in which wavelengths can be shared by a flexible number of users on other PONs served from the same central office. Bidirectional transmission is demonstrated through a typical PON at 2.5 Gb/s with wavelength sharing of 16.
Identification of mycoplasma colonies by immunobinding (1986)

An immunobinding assay was developed to identify mycoplasma colonies on agar in pure and mixed cultures. Mycoplasma colonies on agar were transferred to nitrocellulose. The nitrocellulose was treated with specific rabbit antisera against mycoplasmas, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G, 4-chloro-1-naphthol, and H2O2. Purple developed in the presence of specific reactions. The procedure was superior to epifluorescence.
Subsurface probing of calcifications with spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS): future possibilities for the diagnosis of breast cancer (2007)

Breast calcifications are often the only mammographic features indicating the presence of a cancerous lesion. Calcium oxalate (type I) may be found in and around benign lesions, however calcium hydroxyapatite (type II) is usually found within proliferative lesions, which can include both benign and malignant pathologies. However, the composition of type II calcifications has been demonstrated to vary between benign and malignant proliferative lesions, and could be an indicator for the possible disease state. Raman spectroscopy has previously been demonstrated as a powerful tool for non-destructive analysis of tissues, utilising laser light to probe chemical composition. Raman spectroscopy is traditionally a surface technique. However, we have recently developed methods that permit its application for obtaining sample composition to clinically relevant depths of many mm. We report the first demonstration of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) for potential in vivo breast analysis. This study evaluates the possibility of utilising SORS for measuring calcification composition through varying thicknesses of tissues (2 to 10 mm), which is about one to two orders of magnitude deeper than has been possible with conventional Raman approaches. SORS can be used to distinguish non-invasively between calcification types I and II (and carbonate substitution of phosphate in calcium hydroxyapatite) within tissue of up to 10 mm deep. This result secures the first step in taking this technique forward for clinical applications seeking to use Raman spectroscopy as an adjunct to mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer, by utilising both soft tissue and calcification signals. Non-invasive elucidation of calcification composition, and hence type, associated with benign or malignant lesions, could eliminate the requirement for biopsy in many patients.
Loose Tube Splices for Optical Fibers (1975)

A technique for splicing optical fibers has been developed that uses a self-aligning square cross-section tube, with inner dimensions slightly larger than the optical fiber. A total loss of 0.58 dB was obtained for eight splices connected in series using a graded-index fiber with a 68-µm core diameter. The splices were made one at a time without the use of microscopes or micromanipulators; however, the fabrication process could be mechanized and extended to groups of fibers. A holding fixture could be added to adapt this technique to a connect-disconnect type splice. The size of the splice is presently 0.012 in. square, making it suitable for use within cables. Measurement set refinements that were needed to measure individual splice losses as low as 0.05 dB include an improved detector and means for better control of launching conditions.
Controlled growth of a nanoplatelet-structured copper sulfide thin film as a highly efficient counter electrode for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (2016)

0.6 M acetic acid in CuS CE preparation shows the higher PCE of 5.15% in QDSSC than the Pt (1.25%).
Improving video classification via youtube video co-watch data (2011)

Classification of web-based videos is an important task with many applications in video search and ads targeting. However, collecting labeled data needed for classifier training may be prohibitively expensive. Semi-supervised learning provides a possible solution whereby inexpensive but noisy weakly-labeled data is used instead. In this paper, we explore an approach which exploits YouTube video co-watch data to improve the performance of a video taxonomic classification system. A graph is built whereby edges are created based on video co-watch relationships and weakly-labeled videos are selected for classifier training through local graph clustering. Evaluation is performed by comparing against classifiers trained using manually labeled web documents and videos. We find that data collected through the proposed approach can be used to train competitive classifiers versus the state of the art, particularly in the absence of expensive manually-labeled data.
Isolation enhancement effect on the measured channel capacity of a printed MIMO antenna system (2014)

The effect of isolation enhancement between two adjacent antenna elements used in a printed MIMO antenna system on its channel capacity performance is analyzed. Three 2-element MIMO antenna systems with different isolation mechanisms are measured at 2.45 GHz for channel capacity evaluation in an indoor environment. It is shown that antennas with good isolation characteristics provide better performance compared to the antenna without high isolation between its antenna elements. A 3-4 dB isolation enhancement provided 1 bit/sec/Hz capacity improvement at 20 dB SNR in a real indoor environment.
Combining lithography and etch models in OPC modeling (2014)

With constant shrinking of device critical dimensions (CD), the quality of pattern transfer in IC fabrication depends on the etch process and the exposure process fidelities, and the interaction of lithographic and etching processes is no longer negligible. Etch effect correction with accurate models has become an important component in optical proximity correction (OPC) modeling and related applications. It is now commonly accepted that the lithographic and etch effects should be modeled and corrected in a sequential and staged way: a resist (or lithographic) model should be created and used for lithographic effect compensation, and an etch model should be created and used for etch effect compensation. However, there can be various degrees of separation of these two modeling stages. In order to optimally capture the significant variation in the post-development resist patterns and post-etching patterns, it is helpful to integrate these two processes together for the OPC model calibration practice. In this paper, we analyze the integrated simulation approach in OPC modeling where the entire resist model information is made fully accessible in the etch modeling stage to allow the possibility of resist and etch co-optimization, e.g. through adjusting the resist model to optimally fit the etch data. Furthermore, the integrated simulation technique is integrated into a verification flow to simplify the conventional staged flow.
Mining optimized association rules with categorical and numeric attributes (2002)

Association rules are useful for determining correlations between attributes of a relation and have applications in marketing, financial and retail sectors. Furthermore, optimized association rules are an effective way to focus on the most interesting characteristics involving certain attributes. Optimized association rules are permitted to contain uninstantiated attributes and the problem is to determine instantiations such that either the support or confidence of the rule is maximized. We generalize the optimized association rules problem in three ways: (1) association rules are allowed to contain disjunctions over uninstantiated attributes; (2) association rules are permitted to contain an arbitrary number of uninstantiated attributes; and (3) uninstantiated attributes can be either categorical or numeric. Our generalized association rules enable us to extract more useful information about seasonal and local patterns involving multiple attributes. We present effective techniques for pruning the search space when computing optimized association rules for both categorical and numeric attributes. Finally, we report the results of our experiments that indicate that our pruning algorithms are efficient for a large number of uninstantiated attributes, disjunctions and values in the domain of the attributes.
Translingual visual speech synthesis (2002)

Audio-driven facial animation is an interesting and evolving technique for human-computer interaction. Based on an incoming audio stream, a face image is animated with full lip synchronization. This requires a speech recognition system in the language in which audio is provided to get the time alignment for the phonetic sequence of the audio signal. However, building a speech recognition system is data intensive and is a very tedious and time consuming task. We present a novel scheme to implement a language independent system for audio-driven facial animation given a speech recognition system for just one language, in our case, English. The method presented here can also be used for text to audio-visual speech synthesis.
The use of platinum and rhodium catalysts for the preparation and cationic ring‐opening polymerization of silicon‐containing epoxides (1993)

Abstract Regioselective platinum and rhodium catalysts were employed for the preparation of novel silicon‐containing polyethers. First, silicon‐containing monomers bearing cycloaliphatic epoxy groups were prepared by a rhodium‐catalyzed regioselective hydrosilation. Then these monomers were polymerized using a platinum‐catalyzed, cationic, ring‐opening polymerization to give the linear polyethers. The obtained polyethers were compared with polymers prepared by photoinitiated cationic ring‐opening polymerization using onium salt photoinitiators and found to be identical. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Section Review Central & Peripheral Nervous Systems: Pharmacological Modulation of Opioid Tolerance (1995)

Although tolerance to opioids probably involves a variety of mechanisms, in vivo studies suggest a prominent role for the NMDA/nitric oxide cascade. Administration of NMDA antagonists blocks the development of tolerance to morphine and the delta opioid [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin without interfering with their analgesic actions, indicating the dissociation of analgesia and tolerance. Similar effects are observed with competitive and noncompetitive antagonists, as well as agents modulating NMDA function through its glycine regulatory site. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase have similar actions, suggesting the presence of an NMDA/nitric oxide cascade. This conclusion is supported by the ability of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthase, to enhance morphine tolerance by increasing the production of nitric oxide. Tolerance to kappa analgesic systems behaves differently. In most studies, neither kappa1 nor kappa3 opioid tolerance is influenced by these drugs. This ability to modulate opioid tolerance has important clinical implication, in addition to providing insights into the mechanisms of analgesia and tolerance.
High temperature polymer concrete (1984)

This invention is concerned with a polymer concrete composition, which is a two-component composition useful with many bases including metal. Component A, the aggregate composition, is broadly composed of silica, silica flour, portland cement, and acrylamide, whereas Component B, which is primarily vinyl and acrylyl reactive monomers, is a liquid system.
416. Gene Therapy for Parkinsons Disease by In Vivo Plasmid Transfer of Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Primate Model (2006)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The ultimate treatment of PD is to protect and repair dopaminergic neurons from degenerative process. As neurotrophic factors have been shown to support the survival and enhance the function of dopaminergic neurons, gene therapy using neurotrophic factors such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor becames center of interests. In the present study, we focused on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a novel neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factor that is a well-known potent pleiotrophic cytokine exhibiting mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic activities in a variety of cells. Prevention study: we have extended the preclinical exploration to primate model of PD. Seven days after stereotaxic transfection of human HGF plasmid or lacZ plasmid into the unilateral striatum, infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the right internal carotid artery of the monkey produces toxin- induced injury to the right nigro-striatal pathway. After MPTP infusion for 4 weeks, control animals exhibited stable moderate parkinsonian features. However, primates transfecterd with HGF plasmid showed normal states. PD model primates transfected with lacZ plasmid demonstrated the apomorphine and amphetamine- induced rotational asymmetry. On the other hand, transfection of human HGF plasmid resulted in a significant inhibition of abnormal rotation for 6 months. Microdialysis demonstrated that concentrations of dopamine in striatum and substantia nigra were higher level compared with PD model and lacZ plasmid transfected animals. PET imaging demonstrated remarkable and persistent increase of [11C]-L-dopa uptake and CFT binding in HGF plasmid injected striatum, while [11C]-raclopride did not change at the HGF plasmid terated site. Overall, the present study demonstrated that over-expression of human HGF prevented neuronal death in PDmodel. Repair study: Primate models which infused MPTP into the right internal carotid artery ,exhibited stable moderate parkinsonian features. PD primates were stereotaxic transfection of human HGF plasmid or lacZ plasmid was performed into the unilateral striatum. Primates transfecterd with HGF plasmid into striatum showed to improved normal states gradually. PD model primates transfected with lacZ plasmid demonstrated the apomorphine and amphetamine- induced rotational asymmetry. On the other hand, transfection of human HGF plasmid resulted in a almost inhibition of abnormal rotation for over 6 months. Doparminergic neurons of PD model primates transfected with human HGF plasmid into striatum were repaired significantly as assessed by immunohistchemistry. The present study demonstrated that over-expression of human HGF repaired neuronal degeneration and improved of symptoms in PD model. These two studies results indicate that HGF gene therapy may represent a promising candidate treatment for PD.
Development of Latent Fingerprints on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat (2013)

Apparatus to produce a spatially and temporally uniform heat source is described and this is used to visualize latent fingerprints deposited onto thermal paper by raising the temperature of the paper. Results show an improvement over previous research when fingerprint deposits are aged or the developed fingerprints faint; visualization being enhanced by the use of a blue LED light source of 465 nm peak wavelength. An investigation of the components in fingerprint sweat likely to affect the solubility and hence color change of the dye present in the thermal paper has shown that polar protic solvents able to donate a proton are favored and a polar amino acid found commonly in eccrine fingerprint sweat (lysine) has been shown able to produce the desired color change. Aged fingerprint deposits on thermal paper from a variety of sources up to 4 years old have been visualized with this technique.
Effect of Probe-Conjugate Delay on the Spectrum of Squeezed Light (2007)

We use a four-wave mixing process to generate relative-intensity squeezing. We are able to significantly modify the squeezing spectrum by controlling the relative delay between the probe and conjugate beams.
Pulsed Operation of Spherical Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement Device (1996)

Inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion confines high energy ions in potential wells, where their increased energy and density yields a high fusion rate. Studies of the IEC at the University of Illinois (UI) initially concentrated on steady-state operation where neutron yields of ~106 D-D n/s are routinely obtained. However, the development of a pulsed configuration has been undertaken to provide higher neutron yields. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated I2 scaling during pulsed operation when the perveance threshold of 2.2 mA/kV3/2 is exceeded. Based on these results, it appears that the present IEC could be operated with 3-A, 100-kV repetitive pulses with a 10% duty factor to produce neutron yields of ~1010 neutrons/second.
Employing Fusion of Learned and Handcrafted Features for Unconstrained\n Ear Recognition (2017)

We present an unconstrained ear recognition framework that outperforms\nstate-of-the-art systems in different publicly available image databases. To\nthis end, we developed CNN-based solutions for ear normalization and\ndescription, we used well-known handcrafted descriptors, and we fused learned\nand handcrafted features to improve recognition. We designed a two-stage\nlandmark detector that successfully worked under untrained scenarios. We used\nthe results generated to perform a geometric image normalization that boosted\nthe performance of all evaluated descriptors. Our CNN descriptor outperformed\nother CNN-based works in the literature, specially in more difficult scenarios.\nThe fusion of learned and handcrafted matchers appears to be complementary as\nit achieved the best performance in all experiments. The obtained results\noutperformed all other reported results for the UERC challenge, which contains\nthe most difficult database nowadays.\n
Cryopreservation of articular cartilage (2013)

Cryopreservation has numerous practical applications in medicine, biotechnology, agriculture, forestry, aquaculture and biodiversity conservation, with huge potentials for biological cell and tissue banking. A specific tissue of interest for cryopreservation is the articular cartilage of the human knee joint for two major reasons: (1) clinically, there exists an untapped potential for cryopreserved cartilage to be used in surgical repair/reconstruction/replacement of injured joints because of the limited availability of fresh donor tissue and, (2) scientifically, successful cryopreservation of cartilage, an avascular tissue with only one cell type, is considered a stepping stone for transition from biobanking cell suspensions and small tissue slices to larger and more complicated tissues. For more than 50years, a great deal of effort has been directed toward understanding and overcoming the challenges of cartilage preservation. In this article, we focus mainly on studies that led to the finding that vitrification is an appropriate approach toward successful preservation of cartilage. This is followed by a review of the studies on the main challenges of vitrification, i.e. toxicity and diffusion, and the novel approaches to overcome these challenges such as liquidus tracking, diffusion modeling, and cryoprotective agent cocktails, which have resulted in the recent advancements in the field.