gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software fault interactions and implications for software testing (2004)

Exhaustive testing of computer software is intractable, but empirical studies of software failures suggest that testing can in some cases be effectively exhaustive. We show that software failures in a variety of domains were caused by combinations of relatively few conditions. These results have important implications for testing. If all faults in a system can be triggered by a combination of n or fewer parameters, then testing all n-tuples of parameters is effectively equivalent to exhaustive testing, if software behavior is not dependent on complex event sequences and variables have a small set of discrete values.
Carbonylation of cornified envelopes in the stratum corneum (2005)

Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin, is continuously exposed to oxidative stress via sunlight, lipid peroxidation, and is subsequently accompanied by oxidative modification. Previous studies have shown that major oxidative target proteins in the SC are keratins. However, it remains unclear to date whether cornified envelopes (CEs), protein envelopes of the corneocytes (cornified cells), would be oxidized. In this study, we first revealed oxidative modification of CEs using labeled hydrazide derivatives to detect carbonyl moieties. Carbonylation of CEs was confirmed by reaction with monoclonal antibodies against aldehyde-bound proteins, including anti-acrolein, anti-crotonaldehyde, anti-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The extent of carbonylation is stronger in CEs from the face, a sun-exposed area, than those from the inside of upper arm, an unexposed area. Carbonylation of CEs did not depend on their maturity, as evaluated by loss of involucrin antigenicity during maturation process, suggesting that CEs are carbonylated regardless of their maturation stage.
<title>Terminal air-to-ground missile guidance by infrared seeker</title> (1997)

In this paper, we describe a new method for terminal air-to- ground missile guidance based on IR seeker. The aim is to hit a building which has been previously selected in a 3D model of the scene. The proposed algorithm is divided in two steps: acquisition and tracking steps. Acquisition consists in estimating the location of the target in the first image and to reestimate the missile position. The second step is the tracking of the target along the sequence of images by predicting the target location in each image from the previous one. A supervisor module is in charge of verifying the correctness of the tracking, by doing some reacquisitions in background and ensure the coherence between reacquisitions in background and ensure the coherence between reacquisitions and tracking. All computations are real-time compatible.
A low complexity decoding algorithm for extended turbo product codes (2008)

In this letter, we propose a low complexity algorithm for extended turbo product codes by considering both the encoding and decoding aspects. For the encoding part, a new encoding scheme is presented for which the operations of looking up and fetching error patterns are no longer necessary, and thus the lookup table can be omitted. For the decoder, a new algorithm is proposed to extract the extrinsic information and reduce the redundancy. This new algorithm can reduce decoding complexity greatly and enhance the performance of the decoder. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Global immunization: status, progress, challenges and future (2009)

Vaccines have made a major contribution to public health, including the eradication of one deadly disease, small pox, and the near eradication of another, poliomyelitis.Through the introduction of new vaccines, such as those against rotavirus and pneumococcal diseases, and with further improvements in coverage, vaccination can significantly contribute to the achievement of the health-related United Nations Millennium Development Goals.The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) was developed by WHO and UNICEF as a framework for strengthening national immunization programmes and protect as many people as possible against more diseases by expanding the reach of immunization, including new vaccines, to every eligible person.This paper briefly reviews global progress and challenges with respect to public vaccination programmes.The most striking recent achievement has been that of reduction of global measles mortality from an estimated 750,000 deaths in 2000 down to 197,000 in 2007. Global vaccination coverage trends continued to be positive. In 2007 most regions reached more than 80% of their target populations with three doses of DPT containing vaccines. However, the coverage remains well short of the 2010 goal on 90% coverage, particularly in the WHO region of Africa (estimated coverage 74%), and South-East Asia, (estimated coverage 69%). Elements that have contributed to the gain in immunization coverage include national multi-year planning, district-level planning and monitoring, re-establishment of outreach services and the establishment of national budget lines for immunization services strengthening.Remaining challenges include the need to: develop and implement strategies for reaching the difficult to reach; support evidence-based decisions to prioritize new vaccines for introduction; strengthening immunization systems to deliver new vaccines; expand vaccination to include older age groups; scale up vaccine preventable disease surveillance; improve quality of immunization coverage monitoring and use the data to improve programme performance; and explore financing options for reaching the GIVS goals, particularly in lower-middle income countries.Although introduction of new vaccines is important,this should not be at the expense of sustaining existing immunization activities. Instead the introduction of new vaccine introduction should be viewed as an opportunity to strengthen immunization systems, increase vaccine coverage and reduce inequities of access to immunization services.
Herpes Simplex Virus Pneumonia (1982)

Herpes simplex virus (herpesvirus) was isolated from autopsy lung specimens of 20 patients with clinical, roentgenographic, and histologic evidence of pneumonia. Mucocutaneous herpesvirus infection preceded the onset of pneumonia in 17. Twelve patients had focal pneumonia, 10 of whom had concomitant herpetic tracheitis, esophagitis, or both. Eight patients had diffuse interstitial pneumonia, six of whom had dissemination of herpesvirus to the other organs. Of the eight lung isolates available for typing, seven were herpesvirus-1 and one, herpesvirus-2. A high prevalence of herpesvirus antibody in serum samples obtained before pneumonia and identical restriction endonuclease patterns between mucosal and lung isolates in individual patients indicated that, in most cases, herpesvirus pneumonia was due to endogenous reactivation of virus. Focal herpesvirus pneumonia appeared to result from contiguous spread of herpesvirus to lung parenchyma, whereas diffuse interstitial pneumonia appeared to be a manifestation of hematogenous dissemination of virus.
Efficiency-enhanced DC-excited Vernier reluctance machine with reduced excitation coils for electric vehicles (2023)

Due to its good mechanical robustness and field control capacity, the DC-excited Vernier reluctance machine (DC-VRM) is a promising candidate for electrical vehicle propulsion. However, the conventional design of this machine suffers from large excitation copper loss and leading to low efficiency, due to an identical distribution of DC excitation coils at the stator side. This paper proposes a novel efficiency-enhanced DC-VRM. The key technology is based on the flux modulation mechanism to reduce DC field coils and mitigate DC copper loss while keeping the excitation ability and power density not sacrificed. In this paper, the machine configuration and operation principle are introduced. A combination of the magneto-static finite element and the analytical method is used to quantitatively analyze the contribution of different harmonics on the phase EMF under two different DC layouts. The feasibility of the proposed topology is further verified by a transient finite element analysis, which proves that, with the same design parameters, the proposed design achieves higher back EMF and output torque per DC copper loss. Therefore, this new topology enhances efficiency and can be a more promising non-PM machine for EVs.
Analysis of the frequency‐based control of a master/slave micro‐grid (2016)

Renewable energy penetration in the low‐voltage grid faces several limitations due to the current grid topology. Master/slave micro‐grids could help solving these issues, by offering additional services to the grid such as the power management of the distributed power energy sources. In some cases, the power produced by the distributed energy sources exceeds the local consumption of the low‐voltage grid. The consequent reverse power flow can be either dangerous (for the medium voltage) or impossible (for a micro‐grid with limited storage). The droop characteristic of commercial inverter can be exploited to avoid this behaviour. However, stability problems can arise due to a low phase‐locked‐loop (PLL) bandwidth. This study investigates the stability of this solution depending on the bandwidth of the PLL of the distributed power generation sources.
Suppressive Effects of the Site 1 Protease (S1P) Inhibitor, PF-429242, on Dengue Virus Propagation (2016)

Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes one of the most widespread mosquito-borne diseases in the world. Despite the great need, effective vaccines and practical antiviral therapies are still under development. Intracellular lipid levels are regulated by sterol regulatory elements-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are activated by serine protease, site 1 protease (S1P). Small compound PF-429242 is known as a S1P inhibitor and the antivirus effects have been reported in some viruses. In this study, we examined the anti-DENV effects of PF-429242 using all four serotypes of DENV by several primate-derived cell lines. Moreover, emergence of drug-resistant DENV mutants was assessed by sequential passages with the drug. DENV dependency on intracellular lipids during their infection was also evaluated by adding extracellular lipids. The addition of PF-429242 showed suppression of viral propagation in all DENV serotypes. We showed that drug-resistant DENV mutants are unlikely to emerge after five times sequential passages through treatment with PF-429242. Although the levels of intracellular cholesterol and lipid droplets were reduced by PF-429242, viral propagations were not recovered by addition of exogenous cholesterol or fatty acids, indicating that the reduction of LD and cholesterol caused by PF-429242 treatment is not related to its mechanism of action against DENV propagation. Our results suggest that PF-429242 is a promising candidate for an anti-DENV agent.
Barriers and Resources in Transcultural Interaction Situations of German Municipal Administrations (2014)

Although potential “barriers” and “bridges” can be identified in translation processes, how can these provide concepts or ideas for organizations and individuals in relation to the topic of cultural diversity? The aim of this article is to answer this question. It is part of current research work within the context of a German project entitled TransVer‐Offensive (TransVer‐Initiative). It seeks to answer the questions, Which barriers and resources in interaction situations become visible under the influence of cultural diversity between various groups of actors within German municipal administrations, and how can these be handled in meaningful ways?
Optical beam-steering using a hybrid plasmonic Rotman lens (2014)

An integrated optical phased array is proposed to provide optical beam-steering at the standard telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. To realize the desired phase shift, a hybrid plasmonic Rotman lens is designed. Hybrid plasmonic structures have lower losses and also provide more confinement for light when compared to pure plasmonic structures. Numerical results show that the proposed design provides ±29° beam steering for an 8-element linear array. The proposed structure can be used for applications such as time-domain THz spectroscopy, low-cost integrated LIDAR systems, and optical wireless communication.
Joly (1884)

Journal Article Joly Get access F. A. B. F. A. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s6-IX, Issue 215, 9 February 1884, Page 117, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s6-IX.215.117d Published: 09 February 1884
Increasing the luminescence of lanthanide(III) macrocyclic complexes by the use of polymers and lanthanide enhanced luminescence (2001)

A Eu (III)-macrocycle-isothiocyanate, Quantum Dye<SUP>TM</SUP>, has been reacted with lysine homo- and hetero-peptides to give polymers with multiple luminescent side chains. Contrary to the concentration quenching that occurs with conventional organic fluorophores, the attachment of multiple Quantum Dyes to a polymer results in a concomitant increase in luminescence. The emission intensity of the peptide-bound Quantum Dye units is approximately linearly related to their number. The attachment of peptides containing multiple lanthanide (III) macrocycles to analyte-binding species is facilitated by employing solid-phase technology. Bead-bound peptides are first labeled with multiple Quantum Dye units, then conjugated to an antibody, and finally released from the bead by specific cleavage with Proteinase K unedr physiological conditions. Since the luminescence of lanthanide(III) macrocycles is enhanced by the presence of GD(III) or Y(III) ions in a micellar system, a significant increase in signal can be achieved by attaching a polymer labeled with multiple Quantum Dye units to an analyte- binding species, such as a monoclonal antibody, or by taking advantage of the luminescence enhancing effects of Gd(III) or Y(III), or by both approaches concomitantly. A comparison between the integrated intensity and lifetime measurements of the Eu(III)-macrocycle under a variety of conditions show that the signal increase caused by Gd(III) can not be explained solely by the increase in lifetime, and must result in significant part from an energy transfer process invloving donors not directly bound to the Eu(III).
GLP-1 and GLP-2 as Yin and Yang of Intestinal Lipoprotein Production (2012)

The glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) are processed from the proglucagon polypeptide and secreted in equimolar amounts but have opposite effects on chylomicron (CM) production, with GLP-1 significantly reducing and GLP-2 increasing postprandial chylomicronemia. In the current study, we evaluated the apparent paradoxical roles of GLP-1 and GLP-2 under physiological conditions in the Syrian golden hamster, a model with close similarity to humans in terms of lipoprotein metabolism. A short (30-min) intravenous infusion of GLP-2 resulted in a marked increase in postprandial apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction, whereas GLP-1 infusion decreased lipid absorption and levels of TRL-TG and apoB48. GLP-1 and GLP-2 coinfusion resulted in net increased lipid absorption and an increase in TRL-TG and apoB48. However, prolonged (120-min) coinfusion of GLP-1 and GLP-2 decreased postprandial lipemia. Blocking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity resulted in decreased postprandial lipemia. Interestingly, fructose-fed, insulin-resistant hamsters showed a more pronounced response, including possible hypersensitivity to GLP-2 or reduced sensitivity to GLP-1. In conclusion, under normal physiological conditions, the actions of GLP-2 predominate; however, when GLP-1 activity is sustained, the hypolipidemic action of GLP-1 predominates. Pharmacological inhibition of GLP-1 degradation tips the balance toward an inhibitory effect on intestinal production of atherogenic CM particles.
FHWA's Maintenance Decision Support System Project (2005)

The Federal Highway Administration's Office of Transportation Operations Road Weather Management Program began a project in FY 1999 to develop a prototype winter road maintenance decision support system (MDSS). The MDSS capabilities are based on feedback received by the FHWA in 2001 from maintenance managers at a number of state departments of transportation (DOTs) as part of an initiative to capture surface transportation weather decision support requirements. The MDSS project goal is to seed the implementation of advanced decision support services provided by the private sector for state DOTs. This has been achieved by developing core software capabilities that serve as a basis for these tailored products. After the 2001 user needs assessment was completed, the MDSS program was extended with the objective of developing and demonstrating a functional prototype MDSS. Field demonstrations of the prototype MDSS were conducted in Iowa between February and April 2003, and during the winter of 2004. The performance of the prototype MDSS was much improved during the second winter. The weather and road condition predictions were more accurate, and the treatment recommendations generated by the system were reasonable given the predicted conditions. Iowa garage supervisors actively considered the treatment guidance, and on occasion they successfully used the recommended treatments without modification. This paper describes the status of the MDSS project, results and lessons learned from the field demonstrations, and future development efforts.
Layout simulation for keyboards (1986)

Abstract The oldest element on any personal computer is the keyboard: its design (the spatial position of the keys in relation to each other) and its layout (the assignment of letters, numerals, and other signs to keys). The are exactly the same as on the first typewriters of over 100 years ago or are they? The layout has been the topic of improvement for more than 70 years but no real change has materialized. We contribute to the efforts of layout reformers in Pollatschek et al. (1986). In this paper, we introduce a simple simulation tool for evaluating layout, while in an accompanying communication we advise on a cheap and effective way to convert any given layout to any desired one.
Library Document Resource Construction and Data Sharing Based on Semantic Web Technology (2022)

With the deepening of the reform and development of higher education, many colleges and universities have taken the merger as an opportunity to promote the leap-forward development of their schools. Some colleges and universities that have not merged have also taken the newly-built campus as a new growth point to promote the rapid development of their schools. The library’s collection structure reflects a library’s document support ability, and the formation of the collection structure depends on the accumulation of document resources. Based on semantic web technology, this paper studies the construction of library literature resources. Among the institutions that choose to give priority to the development of library literature resources in the development strategy of main literature resources, the proportion of long-term preservation practice has reached 65.23%, compared with 57.42% of all other institutions. Due to the small number of samples, we cannot make a simple statistical inference, but it may reflect from the other side that the institutions that pay attention to digital resources are slightly more active in implementing preservation activities than other institutions. Based on the semantic web technology, the integrity and continuity of important documents and characteristic resources were kept and we paid attention to the collection of publications and academic documents related to our school. Under the double restriction of document resources guarantee, the acquisition behavior of guarantee systems at all levels will gradually strengthen self-control, actively establish the concept of coordination and sharing, and gradually move from randomness to standardization.
Improving the efficiency of high-power semiconductor optical amplifiers (2008)

We demonstrate a 71% increase in electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency in a slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier (SCOWA) by employing multiple contacts. At a saturated output power of 26.4 dBm, the amplifier has an efficiency of 11.5% and a gain of 15 dB.
dATP-mediated inhibition of DNA ligase by 2'-deoxycoformycin in T and B cell leukemia. (1989)

2'-Deoxycoformycin (dCF), a potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor, has been reported to display greater toxicity for T than for B lymphoblasts. Since this compound can block DNA replication and since this effect is mediated by the intracellular ATP/dATP balance, its possible effect on DNA ligase was investigated. dCF at relatively low concentrations (1 microM), in association with dATP (100 microM), is a strong inhibitor of DNA ligase in T blasts, whereas it has no significant effect in B blasts at this concentration. The AMP-ligase complex is the target of the observed inhibition because the combined presence of the inhibitor and dATP results in a more stable dAMP-ligase complex. Because of this observation and of the greater adenosine deaminase activity observed in T cells, the dATP mediated dCF inhibition of ligase might be the crucial replication target of T cell toxicity. These observations are discussed in terms of T immunodeficiencies including Graft Versus Host Disease and related syndromes.
WYSIWYP: What You See Is What You Pick (2012)

Scientists, engineers and physicians are used to analyze 3D data with slice-based visualizations. Radiologists for example are trained to read slices of medical imaging data. Despite the numerous examples of sophisticated 3D rendering techniques, domain experts, who still prefer slice-based visualization do not consider these to be very useful. Since 3D renderings have the advantage of providing an overview at a glance, while 2D depictions better serve detailed analyses, it is of general interest to better combine these methods. Recently there have been attempts to bridge this gap between 2D and 3D renderings. These attempts include specialized techniques for volume picking in medical imaging data that result in repositioning slices. In this paper, we present a new volume picking technique called WYSIWYP ("what you see is what you pick") that, in contrast to previous work, does not require pre-segmented data or metadata and thus is more generally applicable. The positions picked by our method are solely based on the data itself, the transfer function, and the way the volumetric rendering is perceived by the user. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed method, we apply it to automated positioning of slices in volumetric scalar fields from various application areas. Finally, we present results of a user study in which 3D locations selected by users are compared to those resulting from WYSIWYP. The user study confirms our claim that the resulting positions correlate well with those perceived by the user.