gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Advanced Thermal Management Solutions and the Implications for Integration in High-Voltage Packages (2019)

A host of high-voltage-capable electronic packaging approaches have emerged in recent years for usage in nextgeneration power electronics. In this article, the focus is on the challenge of managing the thermal characteristics in these cutting edge packaging options, where power densities are exceeding 25 kW/L. Utilizing wide bandgap semiconductors like SiC and GaN can help reduce the thermal inefficiencies associated with conduction losses by using high-frequency switching topologies, but even so, when considering the demand of high voltage in mobile electrified systems, heat generation is still a primary limiting factor in widespread adoption. Accordingly, the increased power density results in much higher temperatures at the device and package level, which in turn reduces the reliability of such systems, in terms of thermal breakdown or thermomechanical strains within the packages. As a result, the design of cooling systems for these electronics has emerged as a key component to successful implementation, and effective thermal management schemes must be closely integrated with the electronic packaging for maximum benefit. This review looks at various thermal management approaches that have been demonstrated in electronic systems, with a specific emphasis on the challenges and needs for next-generation high-voltage power electronics.
Emicizumab Prophylaxis in Patients Who Have Hemophilia A without Inhibitors (2018)

Emicizumab prophylaxis administered subcutaneously once weekly or every 2 weeks led to a significantly lower bleeding rate than no prophylaxis among persons with hemophilia A without inhibitors; more than half the participants who received prophylaxis had no treated bleeding events. In an intraindividual comparison, emicizumab therapy led to a significantly lower bleeding rate than previous factor VIII prophylaxis. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Chugai Pharmaceutical; HAVEN 3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02847637 .).
Gross and Microscopic Pathological Changes Associated With Nonthoracotomy Implantable Defibrillator Leads (1998)

The ICD electrode-myocardial interface is characterized by intense fibrosis. The fibrosis associated with endocardial ICD leads and the cumulative acute damage produced by defibrillation discharges may explain changes in the defibrillation and pacing thresholds and the difficulty of lead extraction that can be encountered with transvenous ICD systems.
Determination of collagen fiber orientation in histological slides using Mueller microscopy and validation by second harmonic generation imaging (2014)

We studied the azimuthal orientations of collagen fibers in histological slides of uterine cervical tissue by two different microscopy techniques, namely Mueller polarimetry (MP) and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG). SHG provides direct visualization of the fibers with high specificity, which orientations is then obtained by suitable image processing. MP provides images of retardation (among other polarimetric parameters) due to the optical anisotropy of the fibers, which is enhanced by Picrosirius Red staining. The fiber orientations are then assumed to be those of the retardation slow axes. The two methods, though fully different from each other, provide quite similar maps of average fiber orientations. Overall, our results confirm that MP microscopy provides reliable images of dominant fiber orientations at a much lower cost that SHG, which remains the "gold standard" for specific imaging of collagen fibers using optical microscopy.
Quantile smoothing splines (1994)

SUMMARY Although nonparametric regression has traditionally focused on the estimation of conditional mean functions, nonparametric estimation of conditional quantile functions is often of substantial practical interest. We explore a class of quantile smoothing splines, defined as solutions to
Device noise in continuous-time &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulators with Switched-Capacitor feedback DACs (2012)

We analyze in-band thermal noise in continuous-time delta sigma modulators (CTDSMs) with Switched-Capacitor feedback DACs. We show that in such modulators, noise from around multiples of the sampling frequency aliases to in-band frequencies. We give an intuitive understanding of this phenomenon and describe a model that can be used to analyze noise in such modulators. We present the results obtained using state space analysis. Our results compare well with those obtained from a circuit simulator.
The Flammability Limits of Hydrogen and Methane in Air at Moderately Elevated Temperatures (1997)

The flammability limits of hydrogen and methane in air were determined experimentally at elevated initial mixture temperatures up to 350°C at atmospheric pressure for upward flame propagation in a conventional steel test tube apparatus. Additionally the extent to which a prolonged exposure (i.e., residence time) of the mixture to elevated temperatures before spark ignition and, consequently, the existence of pre-ignition reactions that may influence the value of the lean and rich flammability limits was also investigated. It was shown that the flammability limits for methane widened approximately linearly with an increase in the initial mixture temperature over the whole range of temperatures tested. These limits were not affected by the length of the residence time before spark ignition. Different behaviour was observed for flammability limits of hydrogen. They were also widened with an increase in the initial temperature but only up to 200°C. In this initial temperature range the limits were not affected by the length of the residence time. However, at initial temperature exceeding 200°C the flammability limits, especially, the rich limits narrowed with an increase in the temperature and were significantly affected by the residence time before spark ignition. The results of detailed chemical kinetic simulation showed that the gas phase reactions of hydrogen oxidation could not be responsible for the substantial drop in the value of the rich limit. It was therefore, suggested that this drop in the value of the rich limit with the increase in the residence time was caused by the relatively low temperature catalytic reactions on the stainless steel surface of the flame tube. Simple method for calculating the hydrogen conversion to water was proposed. The results of calculations are in fair agreement with the experimental evidence.
Electrical and optical properties of light-emitting p–i–n diodes on diamond (1998)

Electrical and optical properties of light-emitting p–i–n diodes made on natural and synthetic single-crystal diamonds were studied at temperatures up to 500 °C. The diodes were fabricated by boron (p-type doping) and lithium or phosphorous (n-type doping) ion implantation in the form of two adjacent p- and n-type areas separated by an undoped i gap of a width varying from 2 to 200 μm. The current–voltage characteristics of the diodes showed typical rectifying behavior. Onset of the forward current is accompanied by electroluminescence (EL) and occurred at a certain voltage depending on the width of the i base and the type of the diamond substrate. At the onset voltage a current-controlled negative resistance regime was observed. Comparison of the electrical characteristics of the diodes with the optical properties of the corresponding diamond substrates revealed that in diamonds with nitrogen content over 5×1017 cm−3 the nitrogen defects are the major recombination centers affecting the carrier lifetime. EL of the A band, the nickel related 484 nm center, and the nitrogen related H3 and 575 nm centers, were excited in the diodes. The H3 and 575 nm centers retained considerable emitting intensity at temperatures as high as 500 °C. EL of the 484 nm center was possible to observe up to a temperature of 400 °C. EL of the A band was quenched rapidly with temperature and it disappears at above 200 °C.
Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells (2006)

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (Socs) 3 is a cytokine-inducible inhibitor with critical but selective cell-specific effects. We show that deficiency of Socs3 in T cells had minimal effects on differentiation of T cells to the T helper (Th) 1 or Th2 subsets; accordingly, Socs3 had no effect on IL-12-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 4 phosphorylation or IL-4-dependent Stat6 phosphorylation. By contrast, Socs3 was found to be a major regulator of IL-23-mediated Stat3 phosphorylation and Th17 generation, and Stat3 directly binds to the IL-17A and IL-17F promoters. We conclude that Socs3 is an essential negative regulator of IL-23 signaling, inhibition of which constrains the generation of Th17 differentiation.
Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study (2013)

We did not find use of psychedelics to be an independent risk factor for mental health problems.
Picture-Based Virtual Touring (2000)

This paper presents an image-based approach for virtual touring which use panoramas and picture-based animation to compose a virtual environment. Two typical touring behaviors, looking around and moving in one direction, are mimicked by players based on realtime image processing engine. This approach has been implemented in VRTOURISM. In addition to panoramic views, the system includes picture-based animation for moving forward to the next scene nodes. The paper describes the architecture, the authoring tools, and the interactive players of the VR system.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Smooth Muscle Cells Have a Distinct Phenotype (2004)

The SMC cultures were nearly indistinguishable by morphological features, population doubling time, and sensitivity to cell death induced by Fas cross-linking. Surprisingly, array expression analysis identified differences so extensive that we conclude that plaque and medial SMCs are distinctly different SMC cell types.
Distinct Gene Expression Patterns between Nasal Mucosal Cells and Blood Collected from Allergic Rhinitis Sufferers (2018)

Overall, the blood and nasal lavage samples showed vastly distinct gene expression profiles and functional gene pathways which reflect their anatomical and functional origins. Evaluating immune gene expression of the nasal mucosa in addition to blood samples may be beneficial in understanding AR pathophysiology and response to allergen challenge.
Giving Users the Steering Wheel for Guiding Resource-Adaptive Systems (2005)

Addressing resource variation plays an increasingly important role in engineering today's software systems. Research in resource-adaptive applications takes an important step towards addressing this problem. However, existing solutions stop short of addressing the fact that different user tasks often have specific goals of quality of service, and that such goals often entail multiple aspects of quality of service. This paper presents a framework for engineering software systems capable of adapting to resource variations in ways that are specific to the quality goals of each user task. For that, users are empowered to specify their task-specific preferences with respect to multiple aspects of quality of service. Such preferences are then exploited to both coordinate resource usage across the applications supporting the task, and to dynamically control the resource adaptation polices of those applications. A user study validates that non-expert users can use this framework to successfully control the behavior of such adaptive systems.
Prenatal Detection of Chromosome Aneuploidy by Quantitative Fluorescence-PCR (2004)

Autosomal chromosome aneuploid pregnancies that survive to term—namely trisomies 13, 18, and 21—account for 89% of chromosome abnormalities with a severe phenotype (). They are normally detected by full karyotype analysis of cultured cells. The average UK reporting time for a prenatal karyotype analysis is approx 14 d (), and in recent years there has been an increasing demand for more rapid prenatal results with respect to the common chromosome ane-uploidies, in order to relieve maternal anxiety and facilitate options in pregnancy. The rapid tests that have been developed negate the requirement for cultured cells, instead directly testing cells from the amniotic fluid (AF) or chorionic villus sample (CVS), with the aim of generating results within 48 h of sample receipt. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (,) is the method of choice in many genetic laboratories, usually because the expertise and equipment is readily available. However, a quantitative fluorescence-PCR (QF-PCR) based approach is more suited to a high-throughput diagnostic service. This approach has been investigated in a small number of pilot studies (, , ) and reported as a clinical diagnostic service (). It may be used as a stand-alone test or an adjunct test to full karyotype analysis, which subsequently confirms the rapid result and scans for other chromosome abnormalities not detected by the QF-PCR assay.
Security-Aware computation offloading for Mobile edge computing-Enabled smart city (2021)

Abstract Smart city has obtained increasing attention from both academic and industry which has the potential to improve human living standards. A smart city consists of a great number of smart devices which are generating large amounts of data and emerging applications all the time. However, the computing capacity of smart devices are limited. Fortunately, the emergence of MEC can solve the above problem. However, the resources of edge servers in MEC are limited and the capabilities of edge servers are heterogeneous. It is important to improve the average resource utilization of all edge servers and keep load balancing of edge server cluster simultaneously. On the other hand, quite a few numbers of applications are delay-sensitive, it is necessary to ensure the security of these applications. In this paper, we consider joint optimization of mobile device and edge server in MEC-enabled smart city, improving the overall performance of the system. Technically, a new multi-objective computation offloading method is implemented to reduce time consumption, energy consumption, and keep load balancing of edge servers, as well as increase average resource utilization of edge servers while meeting the deadline constraint of delay-sensitive applications. Sufficient experiments have been conducted to prove the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method in different scenarios.
Alkoxyperfluoroalkylation of enol ethers catalysed by iron complexes (1991)

The iron-catalysed coupling reaction of three components, perfluoroalkyl iodides, enol ethers and alcohols, in the presence of a base gives directly perfluoroalkyl-substituted acetals in good to excellent yields.
Combination technology of ceramic microfiltration and reverse osmosis for tannery wastewater recovery (2013)

Treatment of highly contaminated composite tannery wastewater from common effluent treatment plant (CETP) was undertaken using indigenously developed ceramic microfiltration membranes. The effluent had a high load of organic and inorganic materials represented by about 5680 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 759 mg/L of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) etc. The current study proposed a dual stage treatment involving microfiltration (MF) followed by reverse osmosis (RO) compared to conventional process. The final water was fit for reuse in the tanning process. Organic loadings in terms of COD and BOD5 values were below detection limit and turbidity was reduced to 0.025 NTU in the combined process. Reuse study was conducted using cow hide and leather properties were compared to that of control. Leather tanned with RO permeate had better tensile strength, stitch tear strength and grain crackness properties. Dye uptake was also more in case of leather tanned with RO permeate.
Human Tracking With Wireless Distributed Pyroelectric Sensors (2006)

This paper presents a wireless pyroelectric sensor system, composed of sensing modules (slaves), a synchronization and error rejection module (master), and a data fusion module (host), to perform human tracking. The computation workload distribution among slave, master, and host is investigated. The performances and costs of different signal-processing and target-tracking algorithms are discussed. A prototype system is described containing pyroelectric sensor modules that are able to detect the angular displacement of a moving thermal target. Fresnel lens arrays are used to modulate the sensor field of view. The sensor system has been used to track a single human target
Intracranial boundary detection and radio frequency correction in magnetic resonance images (1995)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method for producing three-dimensional tomographic images of the human body.MRI is most often used for the detection of tumors, lesions, and other abnormalities in soft tissues, such as the brain.Several techniques for automatically segmenting brain tissues in MRI scans of the head have recently been developed.One goal of segmentation is to automatically or semiautomatically detect lesions in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients.The number and size of lesions indicate the progression of the disease in the patient.Therefore, automatic lesion detection may significantly aid in the analysis of treatments.Segmentation is problematic due to radio frequency inhomogeneity (image intensity variation) caused by inaccuracies in the magnetic resonance scanner and by nonuniform loading of the scanner coils by the patient.The segmentation algorithms also have difficulty dealing with tissues outside the brain, such as skin, fat, and bone.Consequently, intensity correction and the removal of non-brain tissues are mandatory for successful automatic segmentation.A new method for automatic intracranial boundary detection and radio frequency correction in MRI is described in this thesis.The intracranial boundary detection method isolates the brain using nonlinear anisotropic diffusion.It then uses active contour models t o find the brain's edge.The radio frequency correction technique employs a fast homomorphic filter to reduce low-frequency intensity variation in voxels within the brain.The new intracranial boundary detection method proved effective on five MRI data sets from two different MRI scanners.The radio frequency correction technique reduced intensity variation due to radio frequency inhomogeneity in the three MRI data sets on which it was tested.I would like to thank my senior supervisor, Dr. Stella Atkins, for her exceptional enthusiasm and guidance, and for providing a great environment in which t o do research.
Structure Determination of Cellulose Esters via Subsequent Functionalization and NMR Spectroscopy (2005)

Abstract New paths for the fast and reliable analysis of cellulose esters (CE) via subsequent functionalization and 1 H NMR spectroscopy were studied. Perpropionylation of the CE is an inexpensive and efficient method. For cellulose diacetates used as representative ester well resolved 1 H NMR spectra were obtained, which can be used for the calculation of the over all degree of substitution (DS) and the partial DS values at position 2, 3, and 6. No transesterification occurs during the subsequent acylation and a standard deviation of S 2 = 1.32 x 10 −4 was found for a series of experiments. In case of more complex ester structures especially with extended aliphatic moieties per‐4‐nitrobenzoylation need to be applied prior to NMR measurements. The spectra obtained can be completely assigned and applied for the calculation of DS values.
On-chip wireless silicon photonics: from reconfigurable interconnects to lab-on-chip devices (2017)

Photonic integrated circuits are developing as key enabling components for high-performance computing and advanced network-on-chip, as well as other emerging technologies such as lab-on-chip sensors, with relevant applications in areas from medicine and biotechnology to aerospace. These demanding applications will require novel features, such as dynamically reconfigurable light pathways, obtained by properly harnessing on-chip optical radiation. In this paper, we introduce a broadband, high directivity (>150), low loss and reconfigurable silicon photonics nanoantenna that fully enables on-chip radiation control. We propose the use of these nanoantennas as versatile building blocks to develop wireless (unguided) silicon photonic devices, which considerably enhance the range of achievable integrated photonic functionalities. As examples of applications, we demonstrate 160 Gbit s<sup>-1</sup> data transmission over mm-scale wireless interconnects, a compact low-crosstalk 12-port crossing and electrically reconfigurable pathways via optical beam steering. Moreover, the realization of a flow micro-cytometer for particle characterization demonstrates the smart system integration potential of our approach as lab-on-chip devices.
Modelling Linked Data for Conservation (2022)

Conservation documentation serves an invaluable role in the history of cultural property, and conservators are bound by professional ethics to maintain accurate, clear, and permanent documentation about their work. Though many well-documented schemata exist for describing the holdings of memory organizations, none are designed to capture conservation documentation data in a semantically meaningful way. Conservation data often includes deeply detailed observations about the physical structure, materiality, and condition state of an object and how these characteristics change over time. When included with descriptive catalog metadata, these conservation data points typically manifest in seldom-used fields as free-text notes written with inconsistently applied standards and uncontrolled vocabularies. Beyond the traditional scope of descriptive metadata, conservation treatment documentation includes event-oriented data that captures a sequence of steps taken by the conservator, the addition and removal of material, and cause-and-effect relationships between observed conditions and treatment decisions made by a conservator. In 2020, the Linked Conservation Data Consortium conducted a pilot project to transform unstructured conservation data into linked data. Participants examined potential models in the library field and ultimately chose to conform to the Comité International pour la Documentation (CIDOC) Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) for its accommodation of event-oriented data and detailed descriptive attribution. Project technologists worked with real report data from four institutions to create XML data models and map newly structured data to the CRM. The pilot group then imported CRM-modelled datasets into a discovery environment, developed queries to reconcile the divergent datasets, and created knowledge maps and charts in response to a small set of predetermined research questions. Feedback from conservators attending workshop activities revealed a shared need for conservation data standards and guidelines for those developing documentation templates and databases. Project outcomes signalled the necessity of further developing conservation vocabularies and ontologies to link datasets between institutions and from adjacent domains.