gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential degradation of a recombinant albumin‐binding receptor in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

The degradation in Escherichia coli of the recombinant serum-albumin-binding receptor derived from streptococcal protein G was investigated using a dual-affinity fusion approach. The proteolytic degradation of the receptor was characterized when fused to human proinsulin and human secretin. Several cleavages occurred at sequences not normally regarded as proteolytically sensitive, such as the dipeptide sequences Ile-Gly, Val-Ser and Ser-Ala. Depending on the fusion partner, large differences in the degradation of the albumin-binding domain were observed. Thus, susceptibility to proteolysis of a recombinant protein can be affected by a neighbouring domain.
Regeneration and myogenic cell proliferation correlate with taurine levels in dystrophin- and MyoD-Deficient muscles (1998)

This study coupled proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and in situ hybridization plus autoradiography in a novel examination of different phenotypes of adult myogenesis that arise from genetic disruptions in mice. Study of muscle extracts from normal and dystrophin-deficient mdx limb and diaphragm muscles confirmed our previous findings linking taurine and muscle regeneration at the peak of damage and repair. 1H-NMR distinguished biochemical differences in regenerating muscles that were consistent with the extent of repair in three strains: mdx dystrophic mice; MyoD(-/-) mice that lack expression of the early myogenic regulatory gene MyoD; and a double-mutant mdx:MyoD(-/-) strain lacking expression of both MyoD and dystrophin. We tested the hypothesis that differences in spectra according to genotype and the regeneration phenotype are related specifically to proliferation by committed myogenic precursor cells. 1H-NMR distinguished the three mutant strains: Taurine was highest in mdx muscles, with the phenotype of most effective regeneration; lowest in MyoD(-/-) muscles, with the least effective formation of new muscle in repair, as reported previously; and intermediate in double-mutant muscles, now reported to show an intermediate repair phenotype. The early and late muscle precursors (mpcs) expressing myf5 and myogenin were examined for proliferation. Eighteen percent of mdx myf5-positive mpcs were proliferative, whereas myf5-positive mpcs did not proliferate in regenerating muscles that lacked MyoD expression. By contrast, whereas 30% of myogenin-positive mpcs were proliferative in mdx muscles, almost none were proliferative in MyoD(-/-) muscles, and 12% were proliferative in double-mutant muscles. Therefore, the extent of accumulated structural regeneration, taurine levels, and proliferation of late mpc (expressing myogenin) were congruent across genotypes. Proliferation by early mpc (expressing myf5) was inhibited by the lack of MyoD expression during muscle regeneration. These studies indicate the potential for 1H-NMR monitoring of muscle status in disease, regeneration, and treatment.
High linearity and high efficiency of class-B power amplifiers in GaN HEMT technology (2003)

A 36-dBm high-linearity single-ended common-source class-B monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit power amplifier is reported in GaN high electron-mobility transistor technology. We also describe the design and simulation of highly linear and highly efficient common-source and common-drain class-B power amplifiers. Single-ended class-B amplifiers with bandpass filtering have equivalent efficiency and linearity to push-pull configurations. The common-source class-B circuit demonstrates high linearity, greater than 35 dBc of third-order intermodulation (IM3) suppression and high power-added efficiency (PAE) of 34%. Simulations of common-drain class-B designs predict a PAE of 54% with a superior IM3 suppression of more than 45 dBc over a wider range of bias due to the strong series-series negative feedback offered by the load resistance.
A new approach for determining maximum frequency in clinical Doppler ultrasound spectral estimates (2002)

Accurate estimation of maximum frequency from a clinical Doppler ultrasound power spectrum is an important tool in the diagnosis of arterial stenosis severity. In this study, the sensitivity of signal to noise ratio (SNR) of four established maximum frequency estimators (percentile method, modified threshold crossing method, hybrid method, and geometric method) are compared with a new algorithm (signal-noise slope intersection method). Steady flow signals from a clinical Doppler ultrasound machine were used to calculate power spectrums via an FFT from which the maximum frequencies were estimated, Variations in the SNR and intrinsic spectral broadening were obtained by adjusting the Doppler gain and receive aperture size. In general, the geometric method had better repeatability than the other three established methods except at low SNRs. In comparison, the proposed signal-noise slope intersection method was more consistent and illustrated excellent repeatability over the experimental range of SNRs.
Analysis and Design of Low Power High Speed Dynamic Latch Comparator using CMOS Process (2014)

This paper presents the need for ultra low-power, area efficient and high speed analog-to-digital converters is pushing toward the use of dynamic regenerative comparators to maximize speed and power efficiency. In this paper, an analysis on the delay of the dynamic comparators will be presented and analytical expressions are derived. From the analytical expressions, designers can obtain an intuition about the main contributors to the comparator delay and fully explore the tradeoffs in dynamic comparator design. Based on the presented analysis, a new dynamic comparator is pro- posed, where the circuit of a conventional double tail comparator is modified for low-power and fast operation even in small supply voltages. Without complicating the design and by adding few transistors, the positive feedback during the regeneration is strengthened, which results in remarkably re- duced delay time. Post-layout simulation results in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology confirm the analysis results. It is shown that in the proposed dynamic comparator both the power consumption and delay time are significantly reduced. The maximum clock frequency of the proposed comparator can be increased to 2.5 V and 1.1 GHz at supply voltages of 1.2 and 0.6 V, while consuming 1.4 mW and 153 μW, respectively.
Effect of Alkyl Ammonium Ionic Liquids on the Interfacial Tension of the Crude Oil–Water System and Their Use for the Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Ionic Liquid-Polymer Flooding (2016)

Crude oil recovery from matured reservoir still pose challenges due to the low efficiency of the existing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. The chemical enhanced oil recovery technique is one of the potential EOR technique being used to produce trapped oil from mature reservoirs. One of the key challenge for chemical-EOR process is that the conventional surfactants does not show efficacy toward reduction in interfacial tension and oil recovery under high saline and high temperature conditions. Ionic liquids (ILs) can be one of the potential alternative for possible application in chemical-EOR due to their enhanced stability under high saline and thermal conditions. In this investigation, six different alkyl ammonium ILs and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been investigated for their effect on the interfacial tension (IFT) of low waxy crude oil–water system (with and without salt) as a function of temperature (283.15–353.15 K) and for EOR-flooding process. Water-soluble polymer (polyacrylamide) was used as a polymer flood after SDS/ILs flood in EOR study. This combined flood is referred to as SDS/IL + polymer EOR flooding process. Several EOR flooding experiments such as, only polymer, only SDS, only IL, and SDS/ILS + polymer have been carried out. Also, the evaluation of ILs and SDS for EOR has been investigated under zero and high salinity (100 000 ppm) reservoir conditions and compared. The study also provides an insight into the effects of different cations and anions (alkyl chain length) of the ILs on the IFT of crude oil–water system and for the enhanced oil recovery operation.
Test-score semantics for natural languages (1982)

Test-score semantics is based on the premise that almost everything that relates to natural languages is a matter of degree. Viewed from this perspective, any semantic entity in a natural language, e.g., a predicate, predicate-modifier, proposition, quantifier, command, question, etc. may be represented as a system of elastic constraints on a collection of objects or derived objects in a universe of discourse. In this sense, test-score semantics may be viewed as a generalization of truth-conditional, possible-world and model-theoretic semantics, but its expressive power is substantially greater.
Determination of 16S rRNA Sequences of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus gordonii and Phylogenetic Relationships among Members of the Genus Streptococcus (1995)

We determined the 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus gordonii and calculated the phylogenetic distances between those organisms and other members of the genus Streptococcus. The viridans group streptococci were separated into five phylogenetic groups; we named these groups the anginosus group, the mitis group, the salivarius group, the bovis group, and the mutans group. S. mitis and S. gordonii clustered in the mitis group together with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus parasanguis at levels of sequence homology of more than 96%. Within this group, S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. pneumoniae exhibited more than 99% sequence homology with each other, although the DNA-DNA similarity values for their total chromosome DNAs were less than 60%.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Automated, Multiplexed Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment Coupled to Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Quantifying Proteins in Plasma (2011)

The inability to quantify large numbers of proteins in tissues and biofluids with high precision, sensitivity, and throughput is a major bottleneck in biomarker studies. We previously demonstrated that coupling immunoaffinity enrichment using anti-peptide antibodies (SISCAPA) to multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) produces Immunoprecipitation MRM-MS (immuno-MRM-MS) assays that can be multiplexed to quantify proteins in plasma with high sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Here we report the first systematic evaluation of the interlaboratory performance of multiplexed (8-plex) immuno-MRM-MS in three independent labs. A staged study was carried out in which the effect of each processing and analysis step on assay coefficient of variance, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and recovery was evaluated. Limits of detection were at or below 1 ng/ml for the assayed proteins in 30 μl of plasma. Assay reproducibility was acceptable for verification studies, with median intra- and interlaboratory coefficients of variance above the limit of quantification of 11% and <14%, respectively, for the entire immuno-MRM-MS assay process, including enzymatic digestion of plasma. Trypsin digestion and its requisite sample handling contributed the most to assay variability and reduced the recovery of target peptides from digested proteins. Using a stable isotope-labeled protein as an internal standard instead of stable isotope-labeled peptides to account for losses in the digestion process nearly doubled assay accuracy for this while improving assay precision 5%. Our results demonstrate that multiplexed immuno-MRM-MS can be made reproducible across independent laboratories and has the potential to be adopted widely for assaying proteins in matrices as complex as plasma.
Difficulty Controllable Question Generation for Reading Comprehension. (2018)

Question generation aims to generate natural language questions from a range
of data sources such as free text and image. In this paper, we investigate the
difficulty levels of questions, and propose a new task called Difficulty
Controllable Question Generation (Dico-QG). Taking as input a reading
comprehension paragraph and some text fragments (i.e. answers) in the paragraph
that we want to ask about, a Dico-QG method needs to generate questions each of
which has a given text fragment as its answer and is associated with a
difficulty label. To solve this task, we proposed a two-step approach. The
first step estimates what difficulty level of question could be generated for a
given answer. After that, in the generation step, the estimated difficulty is
employed together with other information as input to generate a question. For
evaluation, we prepared the first dataset of reading comprehension questions
with difficulty labels. The results show that our approach not only generates
questions of better quality under the metrics like BLEU, but also has the
capability of difficulty awareness to generate questions complying with the
difficulty label.
Concise Review: Cancer Cells Escape from Oncogene Addiction: Understanding the Mechanisms Behind Treatment Failure for More Effective Targeting (2014)

Oncogene addiction describes the dependence of some cancers on one or a few genes for their survival. Inhibition of the corresponding oncoproteins can lead to dramatic responses. However, in some cases, such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a disease characterized by the presence of the abnormal fusion tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, cancer stem cells may never acquire addiction to the oncogene that drives disease development. The suggested mechanism(s) for treatment failure include a quiescent stem cell population capable of reinstating disease, high levels of oncoprotein expression, or acquired mutations in the oncogene. In this review, we discuss the evidence for oncogene addiction in several solid tumors and their potential escape mechanism(s) with a particular focus on CML stem cells.
Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis is more sensitive to insulin than is glucose transport/phosphorylation. Relation to the insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production. (1993)

The effects of minimal increments in plasma insulin concentrations on hepatic glucose production and glucose uptake, skeletal muscle net glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activity, glucose-6-phosphate and uridinediphosphoglucose (UDPG) concentrations were examined in 24-h and in 6-h fasted conscious rats. Insulin was infused for 120 min at rates of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 108 pmol/kg per min in 24-h fasted rats and at rates of 3, 6, 9, 12, 36, and 108 pmol/kg per min in 6-h fasted rats while endogenous insulin release was inhibited by SRIF infusion and plasma glucose was maintained at the basal level. All rats received an infusion of [3-3H]glucose. The portion of the muscle glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) pool derived from net glycogenolysis was estimated from the ratio of specific activities of muscle UDPG and plasma glucose. Minimal increments in the circulating insulin levels, which did not stimulate glucose uptake, caused: (a) the increase in skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity and the decrease in the rate of muscle glycogenolysis and in the G6P concentration; (b) the inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Net muscle glycogen synthesis was not stimulated despite submaximal activation of glycogen synthase, and its onset correlated with the rise in muscle G6P levels. Thus, insulin's inhibition of muscle glycogenolysis is the most sensitive insulin action on skeletal muscle and its dose-response characteristics resemble those for the inhibition of hepatic glucose production. These findings indicate that skeletal muscle glycogen synthase may play a major role in carbohydrate homeostasis even under postabsorptive (basal insulin) conditions and support the notion that insulin may exert some of its effects on the liver through an indirect or peripheral mechanism.
Nanoaggregate‐Embedded Beads as Novel Raman Labels for Biodetection (2008)

Abstract Novel Raman tags called nanoaggregate‐embedded beads (NAEBs) have been developed. NAEBs are silica‐coated, dye‐induced aggregates of a small number of metal nanoparticles. In this work, the Raman reporters used to induce aggregation of gold nanoparticles include strongly binding dyes such as XRITC, TRITC, and DTDC and weakly binding dyes such as R6G. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal from a single NAEB can be detected. This study also demonstrates that these SERS‐active beads can be used as Raman tags for bio‐detection.
High-performance fully-depleted SOI RF CMOS (2002)

A T-gate structure has been implemented in the fabrication of fully depleted silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs. The T-gate process is fully compatible with the standard CMOS and the resulting reduction of gate-resistance significantly improved the RF performance. Measured f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> is 76 GHz and 63 GHz for n- and p-MOSFET with 0.2-μm gate length, respectively. At 2 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.4 dB was measured on an n-MOSFET with the T-gate structure.
Fabrication of 60-nm transistors on 4-in. wafer using nanoimprint at all lithography levels (2003)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a paradigm-shift method that has shown sub-10-nm resolution, high throughput, and low cost. To make NIL a next-generation lithography tool to replace conventional lithography, one must demonstrate the needed overlay accuracy in multilayer NIL, large-area uniformity, and low defect density. Here, we present the fabrication of 60-nm channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors on whole 4-in. wafers using NIL at all lithography levels. The nanotransistors exhibit excellent operational characteristics across the wafer. The statistics from consecutive multiwafer processing show an average overlay accuracy of 500 nm over the entire 4-in. wafer. The accuracy is much better when the field size is reduced. The overlay accuracies are limited by the current alignment method and can be improved substantially. The work presents a significant advance in nanoimprint development and its applications in manufacturing of integrated electrical, optical, chemical, and biological nanocircuits.
Image enhancement through weighting function estimation with infrared image (2010)

This work presents an efficient image fusion of the visible range (VR) and infrared range (IR) images for image enhancement in digital still camera. Fusion is achieved by estimating the weighting parameters which contain the properties of IR image and by combining the VR and IR images using the parameters. Specifically, the weighting parameters are calculated from the estimated illumination and detail components by a weighted low pass filter (WLPF). In addition, for a user preference, we compress dynamic range of the fused image using a retinex technique and adjust contrast/color based on global color distribution. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme produces good outcomes in terms of visual observation and numerical score.
Taura syndrome in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei cultured in Taiwan (1999)

DAO Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials DAO 38:159-161 (1999) - doi:10.3354/dao038159 Taura syndrome in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei cultured in Taiwan Chien Tu1,*, Hsu-Tien Huang3, Sheng-Hsiung Chuang3, Jung-Ping Hsu3, Shu-Ting Kuo2, Nan-Jung Li1, Tien-Lai Hsu2, Ming-Chang Li4, Shih-Yuh Lin2 1Department of Biological Research and 2Department of Epizootic Research, Taiwan Animal Research Institute, Tansui 251, Taiwan, ROC 3Pingtung Livestock Disease Control Center, 110-1 Shui-Yuan Sec., Pingtung 900, Taiwan, ROC 4Pig Research Institute Taiwan, PO Box 23, Chunan, 35099, Miali, Taiwan, ROC *Present address: National Institute for Animal Health, Council of Agriculture 376 Chung-Cheng Rd. Tansui 251, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: ctu@dns.tahri.gov.tw ABSTRACT: Mass mortality of cultured white shrimp in southern Taiwan was diagnosed as an outbreak of Taura syndrome (TS). From late 1998 to early 1999, 90% of the shrimp ponds were abandoned at 30 to 45 d after stocking post larvae from Ecuador and elsewhere. The shrimp began to die within 2 to 3 d after they stopped feeding. There were no other gross signs, except that some affected shrimp had reddened tails. Histologically, multifocal necrosis of the cuticular epithelium was the main lesion. The necrotic foci contained pyknotic and karyorrhectic nuclei, and many lightly and densely stained intracytoplasmic and intercellular, spherical inclusions. By transmission electron microscopy, small, icosahedral, picorna-like virus particles 30 nm in diameter were seen. Taken together, the observations resembled those for outbreaks caused by Taura syndrome virus (TSV). It is assumed that TSV was transferred to Taiwan via contaminated post larvae and spawners from epizootic areas. This is the first report of a TS outbreak in Taiwan. KEY WORDS: Penaeus vannamei · Taura syndrome · Viral disease · Penaeid shrimp Full text in pdf format PreviousExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in DAO Vol. 38, No. 2. Publication date: November 08, 1999 Print ISSN:0177-5103; Online ISSN:1616-1580 Copyright © 1999 Inter-Research.
Maximum likelihood estimation of fault location on transmission lines using travelling waves (1994)

An improved method for fault location on transmission lines using the maximum likelihood estimate of the arrival times of reflected travelling waves is presented. The method is compared with previously proposed correlation based methods using results determined by ATP. The effectiveness of the new method for small fault angles and close in faults has been detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Draft Genome Sequence of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium <i>Paraburkholderia tropica</i> Strain P-31 Isolated from Pomegranate ( <i>Punica granatum</i> ) Rhizosphere (2016)

ABSTRACT We report the 8.9 Mb draft genome sequence of phosphate-solubilizing bacterium Paraburkholderia tropica strain P-31, isolated from pomegranate ( Punica granatum ) rhizosphere. The draft genome sequence of Paraburkholderia tropica strain P-31 consists of 8,881,246 bp with a G+C content of 64.7%, 8,039 protein-coding genes, and 49 RNAs.
Hosting AI/ML Workflows on O-RAN RIC Platform (2020)

O-RAN Alliance suggests new interfaces and architectures that can bring openness and intelligence to currently vendor-dependent Radio Access Network (RAN) environments. Newly defined O-RAN specifications guarantee the interoperability of Network Entities from different vendors to enable multivendor environments, and O-RAN Working Group 2 (WG2) focuses on AI/ML workflow architectures and specifications that enable applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in O-RAN environments. Additionally, O-RAN Software Community (SC) realizes what O-RAN Alliance defines by developing open-source software. In this paper, we introduce an AI/ML workflow that is based on WG2 AI/ML specifications and implemented with open-source software from O-RAN SC, Acumos and Open Network Automation Platform (ONAP). Acumos Framework was used to generate and package ML models to be deployed and executed in O-RAN RAN Intelligence Controller (RIC) and components of ONAP provided monitoring and arbitration needed to operate the workflow. Along with the example of operating AI/ML workflows on O-RAN environment, we discuss shortcomings we encountered during this process and potential solutions. Finally, we suggest capabilities for RIC platform to facilitate other useful ML technologies such as reinforcement learning and federated learning as well as GPU support.