gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHK1 Kinase Activity Assay (2004)

Mammalian CHK1 is a Ser/Thr kinase that plays a critical role in the DNA damage-activated cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathway downstream of ATR (ATM and Rad3 related protein kinase). This chapter focuses on describing an assay to measure CHK1 activity in vitro. The basic mechanism of this assay is to observe the phosphorylated levels of a fragment of CDC25C containing the site that can be phosphorylated by CHK1 in vitro. This assay includes five major steps: (1) preparing extracts from the control or treated cells, (2) preparing substrate, (3) immunoprecipitating CHK1 protein from the cells, (4) assembling the kinase assay, (5) analyzing the phosphorylated level of the substrates by CHK1. Besides CHK1, CHK2 is another important checkpoint regulator that responds to DNA damage. Because CHK1 and CHK2 share some substrates such as CDC25C in vitro, this assay could also be used for a CHK2 activity assay, except that the CHK2 antibody will be replaced by the CHK1 antibody.
Sacral root stimulation in controlled micturition. Peripheral somatic neurotomy and stimulated voiding. (1979)

Stimulation of the sacral ventral roots with the largest detrusor representation was found to be moderately successful for bladder emptying in acute canine experiments. However, removal of spinal reflexes arising from sacral root stimulation did not eliminate sphincteric resistance. For that reason ventral roots were stimulated after peripheral somatic neurotomy. Unilateral pudendal nerve sectioning was compared with selective sectioning of the somatic fibers of S2, the root with the greatest detrusor representation in canines. Both were equally effective in significantly reducing outlet resistance. Selective nerve section has one advantage: it preserves more of the nerve pathways involved in reflexogenic erection.
Complementary Projection Hashing (2013)

Recently, hashing techniques have been widely applied to solve the approximate nearest neighbors search problem in many vision applications. Generally, these hashing approaches generate 2^c buckets, where c is the length of the hash code. A good hashing method should satisfy the following two requirements: 1) mapping the nearby data points into the same bucket or nearby (measured by the Hamming distance) buckets. 2) all the data points are evenly distributed among all the buckets. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm named Complementary Projection Hashing (CPH) to find the optimal hashing functions which explicitly considers the above two requirements. Specifically, CPH aims at sequentially finding a series of hyper planes (hashing functions) which cross the sparse region of the data. At the same time, the data points are evenly distributed in the hyper cubes generated by these hyper planes. The experiments comparing with the state-of-the-art hashing methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Monitoring of subsurface contaminants with borehole/surface resistivity measurements (1985)

Three-dimensional resistivity modeling was performed to simulate the changes in resistivity due to the leakage of fluid contaminants into an aquifer. The simulation represents a case where the fluid is introduced into a 25 m aquifer at a depth of 45 m. The contaminant fluid is assumed to be electrically more conductive than the in-situ ground water. Resistivity measurements were simulated using a finite difference algorithm to calculate potentials for an arbitrary three-dimensional resistivity distribution with surface and downhole current and potential electrodes. A downhole/surface array was considered where current was injected at the aquifer depth an voltage measurements were made on the surface. We considered cases where current was injected at a point within the contaminant plume as well as outside of the plume (offset case). We considered three contaminant distributions: case 1, the contaminant plume forms a uniform cylinder centered around the injection well; case 2, the plume forms a nonuniform cylinder around the well where contaminant concentration decreases away from the well; case 3, the aquifer has a variable vertical permeability. Results indicate that the anomaly is much greater using the downhole electrode than for surface arrays and that the data may be used to roughly characterizemore » the contaminant mass and its boundaries. Several cases involving different contaminant boundaries were studied and show that the downhole/surface measurements are not very sensitive to differences in the boundary geometry although a rough determination of the boundary position is possible. For the case where the downhole current electrode is located outside of or at the edge of the contaminant, the anomaly size is smaller but the shape allows for good discrimination of the near-side boundary. 6 references, 4 figures.« less
New metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of thiocolchicoside and its active metabolite in healthy humans (2004)

Thiocolchicoside (TCC) has been prescribed for several years as a muscle relaxant drug, but its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and metabolism still remain largely unknown. Therefore, we re-investigated its metabolism and PK, and we assessed the muscle relaxant properties of its metabolites. After oral administration of 8 mg (a therapeutic dose) of 14C-labelled TCC to healthy volunteers, we found no detectable TCC in plasma, urine or faeces. On the other hand, the aglycone derivative obtained after de-glycosylation of TCC (M2) was observed and, in addition, we identified, as the major circulating metabolic entity, 3-O-glucuronidated aglycone (M1) obtained after glucuro-conjugation of M2. One hour after oral administration, M1 plus M2 accounted for more than 75% of the circulating total radioactivity. The pharmacological activity of these metabolites was assessed using a rat model, the muscle relaxant activity of M1 was similar to that of TCC whereas M2 was devoid of any activity. Subsequently, to investigate the PK profile of TCC in human PK studies, we developed and validated a specific bioanalytical method that combines liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection to assay both active entities. After oral administration, TCC was not quantifiable with an lower limit of quantification set at 1 ng/mL, whereas its active metabolite M1 was detected. M1 appeared rapidly in plasma (tmax=1 h) and was eliminated with an apparent terminal half-life of 7.3 h. In contrast, after intramuscular administration both active entities (TCC and M1) were present; TCC was rapidly absorbed (tmax=0.4 h) and eliminated with an apparent terminal half-life of 1.5 h. M1 concentration peaked at 5 h and this metabolite was eliminated with an apparent terminal half-life of 8.6 h. As TCC and M1 present an equipotent pharmacological activity, the relative oral pharmacological bioavailability of TCC vs. intramuscular administration was calculated and represented 25%. Therefore, to correctly investigate the PK and bioequivalence of TCC, the biological samples obtained must be assayed with a bioanalytical method able to specifically analyse TCC and its active metabolite M1.
Hereditary prostate cancer (2011)

The definition of hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) is based on the family history (pedigree). The suggested criteria include 1) nuclear family with three (or more) cases of prostate cancer, 2) prostate cancer in three successive generations, or 3) at least two men diagnosed with the disease before the age of 55 years. Familial aggregation of cases that don't fulfill the HPC criteria are defined as familial prostate cancer. The onset of HPC is on average 6 years earlier than of sporadic prostate cancer but the clinical course is otherwise no different.
Study of ultraviolet light and ozone surface modification of polypropylene (1999)

Chemical reactions of the surface of a polypropylene (PP) film in the presence of various combinations of ultraviolet light and ozone gas (UVO) conditions were studied. Exposure of the polymer surface was carried out in a laboratory-scale UVO reactor in which the following parameters could be varied: ozone concentration, wavelength of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, pulsed operation of the UV lamps, the treatment distance between the PP film and the lamps, and water vapor concentration. Advancing and receding contact angle measurements were used to monitor surface energy changes imparted by the treatment. Two spectroscopic techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), were used to monitor changes in the polymer surface chemistry. Oxidation of the PP surface is proposed to occur through two alternate mechanisms: (1) insertion of an O (1D) atom to form ether linkages, or (2) hydrogen abstraction by O (3P), followed either by crosslinking or by reaction with oxygen species to form carbonyl and/or carboxyl functional groups. It was found that reaction 1 dominates initially, but that its rate is reduced by the formation of products from reaction 2. It appears that the ether functional groups produced by reaction 1 are responsible primarily for increased surface energy. Carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups formed in reaction 2 appear to have little additional effect on surface energy; it is proposed that these groups are involved strongly in intramolecular hydrogen bonding, thereby decreasing their availability to contribute to increased surface energy. High-energy UV radiation was found to play only a minor role in the surface modification of PP. Of the narrow range of ozone concentrations studied, no clear relationship was found to exist between ozone concentration and rate of modification of the surface; thus, the concentration of ozone must not affect the relative concentrations of products from the competing reactions. Increased surface oxidation and decreased contact angles were observed when the lamp-to-sample distance was minimized. The presence of water vapor during UVO treatment was found to lead to greater oxygen uptake after short-term treatments but did not result in increased surface energy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2489–2501, 1999
5-Chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (clioquinol) inhibits the nerve growth factor-induced stimulation of RNA synthesis in neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion, in vitro - Comparison with effects of methylmercuric chloride and 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-N-oxide. (1987)

The inhibitory effects of 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxy-quinoline (clioquinol), methylmercuric chloride and 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-N-oxide(4-HAQO) on DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in the neonatal rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) were studied in relation to the action of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor (NGF), using organ cultures. RNA and protein syntheses in SCG were stimulated approximately 3- and 2-fold, respectively, by NGF (1 microgram/ml), but the DNA synthesis was only slightly or not at all stimulated. Methylmercuric chloride and 4-HAQO dose-dependently inhibited DNA, RNA and protein syntheses, either in the presence or in the absence of NGF. On the other hand, clioquinol (up to 100 microM) slightly or not at all inhibited RNA synthesis in the absence of NGF; however, it did abolish the NGF-induced stimulation of RNA synthesis in the presence of NGF. The DNA and protein syntheses were dose-dependently inhibited by clioquinol, either in the presence or in the absence of NGF. We conclude from this study that the interaction between clioquinol and the functions of NGF raises the question of a possible toxicity of the drug on specific neurons.
Remote Spatio-Temporal Focusing Over Multimode Fiber Enabled by Single-Ended Channel Estimation (2020)

Multimode fiber (MMF) is attractive for a variety of applications requiring a large number of spatially overlapped modes including biophotonics and telecommunications. Superimposing these modes at the input by controlling the amplitude and phase of each individual mode can form arbitrarily structured light at the distal end of the MMF, which provides the possibility for ultra-thin fiber endoscopy, miniature multi-photon microscopy, and remote beam forming. Realistic deployment of this technology for example in a flexible endoscope would require a technique to continuously calculate the proper input modal superpositions over a large bandwidth as the fiber is perturbed without access to the distal end of the fiber. Here, we propose a single-ended channel estimation scheme which can measure broad-band MMF transfer matrix H at the transmitter employing reflective spatial pilots at the distal end of the MMF. Broadband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) preprocessing is realized through electro-optic modulation for undoing mode scrambling, mitigating modal dispersion and achieving remote coherence control. We demonstrate spatial and temporal mode focusing at the receiver over an MMF guiding six spatial and polarization modes.
Conception de multicapteurs à courants de Foucault et inversion des signaux associés pour le contrôle non destructif (2008)

The growing complexity of industrial processes and manufactured parts, the increasing need of safety in service and the will of life span optimization, require more and more complex quality evaluations to be set up. Among the different anomalies to consider, submillimetric breaking surface notches have to be subject to special care. Indeed, it often constitutes a start to larger notches, which can cause destruction parts. Penetrant testing is nowadays widely used for that kind of defect, owing to its good performances. Nevertheless, it should be eventually dropped because of environmental norms. Among the possible substitution solutions, the use of eddy currents (EC) for conductive parts is a reliable, fast and inexpensive alternative. The study is about the conception and the use of multielements EC probe structures featuring microsensors for non destructive testing of surface breaking defects. A methodology has been established in order to develop such structures and to compare their performances within the framework of submillimetric surface breaking notch research. These structures has been employed for calibrated notches evaluation with a specific acquisition bench. Original detection and defect characterization algorithms have been designed and implemented on acquired signals. The most efficient structure has been determined, the notch detection quality has been quantified, and the geometric characteristics of notches has been estimated.
New Insights into Mechanism of Inflammatory and Allergic Diseases in Mucosal Tissues (2001)

The gastrointestinal immune system is a major component of the mucosal barrier to foreign antigens including microbial and dietary antigens. Under normal circumstances, the mucosal immune system employs tightly regulated dynamic mucosal intra- and internets for the maintenance of an appropriate immunological balance between the host and gut environments. For example, mucosally induced tolerance is usually induced against enteric commensal bacterial and/or dietary antigens. However, in some cases, the break down of these tightly regulated mucosal immune responses led to hyper-responsiveness against these gut environmental antigens. To this end, numerous disorders could evoke in the gastrointestinal tissues, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allergic gastroenteropathy. Recently, many studies have described possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of those dysfunctions in the gastrointestinal tissues. In this review, we have briefly summarized some of the current interesting and exciting findings for gastrointestinal diseases, especially IBD and intestinal allergic diseases from our group, which can be applied for the development of new mucosal immune therapy.
CONSIDERAÇÕES GEOLÓGICAS SOBRE A REGIÃO DE ITAPEVA, S.P. (2019)

The region of Itapeva, about 230 Km SSW from the city of S. Paulo, Brazil, is occupied by sediments resting on a basement of igneous and para-metamorphic rocks. Most of the sediments, thought formerly to be of Devonian age, actually must be referred to the Permo-Carboniferous. The white sandstone, very similar to the Devonian Furnas Formation, outcroping on the lowest levels of the town of Itapeva, belongs to the Permo-Carboniferous Tubarao Group. It is a large lens resting on a NE-SW trough, 3 Km long and a visible maximum thickness of 46 m, thinning gradually on both sides and lying at both extremities on pre-Devonian rocks. It is covered concordantly by siltstones with lens of sandstones with few pebbles, one of the lithologies of the Tubarao Group. Near Campina do Veado, a poorly sorted conglomerate, with gravels of varied lithologies, occurs near the base of the sandstone sequence. Right on this village this sandstone lyes on a trough built by ancient currents which partially eroded and redeposited strongly inclined phyllites which constitute the basement. Such features are not found on the regions occupied by the Devonian Furnas Sandstone which rests on an ancient peneplain sometimes through a thin basal conglomerate with pebbles almost exclusively of quartz and quartzite. The region is intensely faulted and there are evidences of a pos-Devoni an, pre-Permo-Carboniferous tectonism.
Nanomaterial by Sol‐Gel Method: Synthesis and Application (2021)

The sol‐gel process is a more chemical method (wet chemical method) for the synthesis of various nanostructures, especially metal oxide nanoparticles. In this method, the molecular precursor (usually metal alkoxide) is dissolved in water or alcohol and converted to gel by heating and stirring by hydrolysis/alcoholysis. Since the gel obtained from the hydrolysis/alcoholysis process is wet or damp, it should be dried using appropriate methods depending on the desired properties and application of the gel. For example, if it is an alcoholic solution, the drying process is done by burning alcohol. After the drying stage, the produced gels are powdered and then calcined. The sol‐gel method is a cost‐effective method and due to the low reaction temperature there is good control over the chemical composition of the products. The sol‐gel method can be used in the process of making ceramics as a molding material and can be used as an intermediate between thin films of metal oxides in various applications. The materials obtained from the sol‐gel method are used in various optical, electronic, energy, surface engineering, biosensors, and pharmaceutical and separation technologies (such as chromatography). The sol‐gel method is a conventional and industrial method for the synthesis of nanoparticles with different chemical composition. The basis of the sol‐gel method is the production of a homogeneous sol from the precursors and its conversion into a gel. The solvent in the gel is then removed from the gel structure and the remaining gel is dried. The properties of the dried gel depend significantly on the drying method. In other words, the “removing solvent method” is selected according to the application in which the gel will be used. Dried gels in various ways are used in industries such as surface coating, building insulation, and the production of special clothing. It is worth mentioning that, by grinding the gel by special mills, it is possible to achieve nanoparticles.
Multiplication tenseur–vecteur haute performance sur des machines à memoire partagée (2019)

Tensor–vector multiplication is one of the core components in tensor computations. We have recently investigated high performance, single core implementation of this bandwidth-bound operation. In this work, we investigate efficient, shared memory algorithms to carry out this operation. Upon carefully analyzing the design space, we implement a number of alternatives using OpenMP and compare them experimentally. Experimental results on up to 8 socket systems show near peak performance for the proposed algorithms.
Green Light Stimulates Early Stem Elongation, Antagonizing Light-Mediated Growth Inhibition (2004)

During the transition from darkness to light, the rate of hypocotyl elongation is determined from the integration of light signals sensed through the phototropin, cryptochrome, and phytochrome signaling pathways. In all light conditions studied, from UV to far-red, early hypocotyl growth is rapidly and robustly suppressed within minutes of illumination in a manner dependent upon light quality and quantity. In this study, it is shown that green light (GL) irradiation leads to a rapid increase in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. GL-mediated growth promotion was detected in response to constant irradiation or a short, single pulse of light with a similar time course. The response has a threshold between 10(-1) and 10(0) micromol m(-2), is saturated before 10(2) micromol m(-2) and obeys reciprocity. Genetic analyses indicate that the cryptochrome or phototropin photoreceptors do not participate in the response. The major phytochrome receptors influence the normal amplitude and timing of the GL response, yet the GL response is normal in seedlings grown for hours under constant dim-red light. Therefore, phytochrome activation enhances, but is not required for, the GL response. Seedlings grown under green, red, and blue light together are longer than those grown under red and blue alone. These data indicate that a novel GL-activated light sensor promotes early stem elongation that antagonizes growth inhibition.
An Ultra-Low-Power 9.8 GHz Crystal-Less UWB Transceiver With Digital Baseband Integrated in 0.18 µm BiCMOS (2013)

This paper presents a fully-integrated IR-UWB radio, designed to operate within the limits of mm-scale micro-battery for cubic-mm sensor nodes. It includes an RF front-end, battery current limiter, baseband modem with I2C interface, and temperature-compensated relaxation oscillator for frequency generation without a crystal. The peak current draw from a modern mm-scale battery must be <;100 μA, below a radio's active power consumption. Thus, duty-cycling the radio only at the packet level is not an option, and so this IR-UWB radio includes an integrated modem which duty-cycles the RF front-end at the bit-level. A current limiter protects the battery from over-current conditions, and the radio operates from on-chip storage capacitance that is recharged between bits. The radio operates at 30 kb/s with a center frequency of 9.8 GHz. It consumes 291 μW average power in transmit mode while broadcasting 0.1 dBm pulses, and 306 μW in receive mode with a sensitivity of -77 dBm. The area of the radio is 2.73 mm<;sup>2<;/sup>.
Arabic Named Entity Recognition: A Feature-Driven Study (2009)

The named entity recognition task aims at identifying and classifying named entities within an open-domain text. This task has been garnering significant attention recently as it has been shown to help improve the performance of many natural language processing applications. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using different sets of features in three discriminative machine learning frameworks, namely, support vector machines, maximum entropy and conditional random fields for the task of named entity recognition. Our language of interest is Arabic. We explore lexical, contextual and morphological features and nine data-sets of different genres and annotations. We measure the impact of the different features in isolation and incrementally combine them in order to evaluate the robustness to noise of each approach. We achieve the highest performance using a combination of 15 features in conditional random fields using broadcast news data (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">beta</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">=</sub> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> =83.34).