gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Low-Cost Thermal Storage System for High Efficiency Concentrating Solar Power Plants (2016)

The ability to efficiently and cost-effectively incorporate thermal energy storage (TES) systems is an important advantage of concentrating solar power (CSP) in comparison to other intermittent forms of renewable energy, such as wind or photovoltaics. As such, TES allows CSP plants to continue to provide electricity to the grid even at times when the resource (the sun) is not available, such as cloud transients or at night. Advanced power cycle systems with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as the working fluid provide high power conversion efficiency because of high temperatures attained, and less compression work and are being explored for integration with concentrating solar power plants. Currently, there is no cost-effective way to store energy at high temperatures (>565 degree Celsius). The present work analyzes the thermal performance of a novel, cost-effective thermal storage system based on elemental sulfur as the storage media. The analysis is based on a detailed system-level computational modeling of the complex conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena at multiple scales to provide a scientific basis for engineering, designing and optimizing the novel thermal storage system for transient operation. The validation of the computational model based on data from experiments and full-scale plant operation is also reported. Our studies have shown sulfur-based TES to be a promising candidate for high temperature CSP.
21.8 An actively detuned wireless power receiver with public key cryptographic authentication and dynamic power allocation (2017)

There has been a rapid growth in the number of devices with resonant wireless recharging capability [1–3]. Protecting these devices from harsh transients imposed by counterfeit wireless chargers [4] and ensuring equitable power delivery under heavily skewed coupling [5] remain challenging issues. This paper presents the design of a wireless power receiver that mitigates these disparate issues by leveraging a new detuning technique that does not rely on any switched passives. Public key authentication of genuine chargers is implemented using low-resource Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) [6,7]. Additionally, overcoming the skew in received power imposed by a 4∶1 distance ratio between receivers is demonstrated using a co-operative scheme.
A New Salinity-Independent Cased Hole Water Saturation Method Using Pulsed Neutron Oxygen Activation Logging: Physics, Modeling and Interpretation (2015)

Abstract The carbon/oxygen (C/O) method of pulsed neutron logging has been widely used since the mid-1970s for saturation monitoring in cased hole wells. C/O logging measures the ratio of gamma rays created by inelastic neutron scattering by carbon and oxygen to determine formation water and oil saturation. A key benefit of C/O logging is that it provides a salinity-independent measurement. However, very slow logging speeds are required to achieve the necessary statistical accuracy. This paper introduces a faster salinity-independent water saturation method based on oxygen activation (OA) logging, including the physical principles, modeling and interpretation of laboratory test pit data. Oxygen activation can be induced when fast neutrons with an energy greater than 10 MeV interact with isotope O-16, resulting in the creation of radioactive N-16 and subsequent generation of gamma rays with a predominant energy of 6.13 MeV. These detected activation gamma rays are directly indicative of the amount of oxygen in the vicinity of the neutron source. Modeling of the oxygen activation response accounts for formation lithology, porosity, borehole fluid, wellbore geometry and logging speed. Formation water saturation is determined by comparing the measured oxygen activation gamma rays to the modeled activation response envelope. A custom-designed test pit was fabricated to evaluate OA water saturation feasibility. Comparison of C/O and OA measurements obtained over a range of logging speeds, and with different wellbore fluids, has confirmed that OA measurements can be successfully used to determine formation water saturation. In addition, the OA water saturation measurement is feasible at much faster logging speeds than C/O logging and can significantly reduce operation time. Indeed, the maximum practical logging speed in the test facility was 16 ft/min, and the upper speed limit of OA logging remains to be determined. This will best be evaluated through field testing in actual well conditions. OA logging is a new alternative to C/O logging for through-casing salinity-independent water and oil saturation measurement. With the ability to log at much faster speeds, OA logging can provide significantly improved performance considering the operational limitations of C/O logging. This paper presents the laboratory experiments, modeling and interpretation that confirm the viability of the OA water saturation measurement. In continuation of this work, the OA method is being applied to acquire and interpret field data from different wells globally. Various logging scenarios will be evaluated, including mixed lithology formations, flowing wells, and openhole completions. This will be presented in a separate publication.
A method of color filter array interpolation with alias cancellation properties (2002)

Digital still cameras use a single charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor array and a color filter array (CFA) to sample a full-color image. Thus, the measured image is an interleaving of the subsampled red, green, and blue images. The red and blue images are sampled at a lower rate, so if standard interpolation techniques are used, the reconstructed red and blue images will be missing some high-frequency information and could contain distortions from aliasing. This paper proposes a method of CFA interpolation that combines information from the green image with the subsampled red and blue images to attack these problems. The green high-frequency information is added to the interpolated red and blue images to increase the sharpness of the output and is also used to estimate the aliasing in the interpolated red and blue images, providing a means of reducing the appearance of the aliasing distortions.
The Role of Steroid Hormones in the Adjustment of Primary Sex Ratio in Birds: Compiling the Pieces of the Puzzle (2013)

There is ample evidence that birds have the ability to adjust their offsprings' sex ratios before fertilization occurs. Recent work has focused on pinpointing when during the process of oocyte maturation adjustment of sex ratio takes place. Additionally, there is growing support for the idea that there is hormonal control over the process of adjustment of sex ratio in birds. Whether steroid hormones represent direct mediators of the process, however, remains unclear. This review outlines the precise points during maturation of ovarian follicles during which adjustment of primary sex ratios could potentially occur, compiles the evidence for hormonal involvement in the process of primary adjustment of sex ratio, and discusses potential hormonal targets during maturation and fertilization of oocytes where hormones may trigger adjustment of sex ratio in birds.
A Chiral Benzoquinolizine-2-carboxylic Acid Arginine Salt Active against Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus </i><i>a</i><i>ureus</i> (2005)

There is an urgent medical need for novel antibacterial agents to treat hospital infections, specially those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. The need may also be fulfilled by either exploring antibacterial agents having new mechanism of action or expanding known classes of antibacterial drugs. The paper describes a new chemical entity, compound 21, derived from hitherto little known "floxacin". The choice of the entity was made from a series of synthesized prodrugs and salts of the active chiral benzoquinolizine carboxylic acid, S-(-)-nadifloxacin. The chemistry, physicochemical characteristics, and essential bioprofile of 21 qualifies it for serious consideration as a novel drug entity against hospital infections of multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and its progress up to clinical phase I trials in humans is described.
Concentration Residual Augmented Classical Least Squares (CRACLS): A Multivariate Calibration Method with Advantages over Partial Least Squares (2002)

A significant extension to the classical least-squares (CLS) algorithm called concentration residual augmented CLS (CRACLS) has been developed. Previously, unmodeled sources of spectral variation have rendered CLS models ineffective for most types of problems, but with the new CRACLS algorithm, CLS-type models can be applied to a significantly wider range of applications. This new quantitative multivariate spectral analysis algorithm iteratively augments the calibration matrix of reference concentrations with concentration residuals estimated during CLS prediction. Because these residuals represent linear combinations of the unmodeled spectrally active component concentrations, the effects of these components are removed from the calibration of the analytes of interest. This iterative process allows the development of a CLS-type calibration model comparable in prediction ability to implicit multivariate calibration methods such as partial least squares (PLS) even when unmodeled spectrally active components are present in the calibration sample spectra. In addition, CRACLS retains the improved qualitative spectral information of the CLS algorithm relative to PLS. More importantly, CRACLS provides a model compatible with the recently presented prediction-augmented CLS (PACLS) method. The CRACLS/PACLS combination generates an adaptable model that can achieve excellent prediction ability for samples of unknown composition that contain unmodeled sources of spectral variation. The CRACLS algorithm is demonstrated with both simulated and real data derived from a system of dilute aqueous solutions containing glucose, ethanol, and urea. The simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm and help elucidate the principles behind the method. Using experimental data, we compare the prediction abilities of CRACLS and PLS during cross-validated calibration. In combination with PACLS, the CRACLS predictions are comparable to PLS for the prediction of the glucose, ethanol, and urea components for validation samples collected when significant instrument drift was present. However, the PLS predictions required recalibration using nonstandard cross-validated rotations while CRACLS/PACLS was rapidly updated during prediction without the need for time-consuming cross-validated recalibration. The CRACLS/PACLS algorithm provides a more general approach to removing the detrimental effects of unmodeled components.
Absence of nicotianamine synthase activity in the tomato mutant ‘chloronerva’ (1996)

Abstract Nicotianamine is proposed to play a key role in iron (Fe) metabolism in plants. In graminaceous plants nicotianamine is the precursor for phytosiderophores, and the activity of the nicotianamine synthase is strongly enhanced under Fe deficiency. The tomato mutant ‘chloronerva’ (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. chloronerva) lacks nicotianamine and has a disturbed Fe homeostasis. Our objective was to compare nicotianamine synthase activity of the mutant ‘chloronerva’ with the wild form ('Bonner Beste'). In contrast to the wild form which as high nicotianamine synthase activity, no activity of the enzyme could be detected in roots or shoots of ‘chloronerva’, regardless of the iron nutritional status of the plants. This finding might allow comparison of promoter regions of the genes of ‘chloronerva’, ‘Bonner Beste’, and graminaceous species to clarify the regulatory mechanism of gene expression by the Fe nutritional status in graminaceous species.
Prediction of timber bending strength and in-member cross-sectional stiffness variation on the basis of local wood fibre orientation (2013)

Machine strength grading of structural timber is based upon relationships between so called indicating properties (IPs) and bending strength. However, such relationships applied on the market today are rather poor. In this paper, new IPs and a new grading method resulting in more precise strength predictions are presented. The local fibre orientation on face and edge surfaces of wooden boards was identified using high resolution laser scanning. In combination with knowledge regarding basic wood material properties for each investigated board, the grain angle information enabled a calculation of the variation of the local MOE in the longitudinal direction of the boards. By integration over cross-sections along the board, an edgewise bending stiffness profile and a longitudinal stiffness profile, respectively, were calculated. A new IP was defined as the lowest bending stiffness determined along the board. For a sample of 105 boards of Norway spruce of dimension 45 × 145 × 3,600 mm³, a coefficient of determination as high as 0.68–0.71 was achieved between this new IP and bending strength. For the same sample, the coefficient of determination between global MOE, based on the first longitudinal resonance frequency and the board density, and strength was only 0.59. Furthermore, it is shown that improved accuracy when determining the stiffness profiles of boards will lead to even better predictions of bending strength. The results thus motivate both an industrial implementation of the suggested method and further research aiming at more accurately determined board stiffness profiles.
The Regulation of the Z- and G-Box Containing Promoters by Light Signaling Components, SPA1 and MYC2, in Arabidopsis (2013)

Although many transcription factors and regulatory proteins have been identified and functionally characterized in light signaling pathways, photoperception to transcription remains largely fragmented. The Z-box is one of the LREs (Light responsive elements) that plays important role in the regulation of transcription during light-controlled Arabidopsis seedling development. The involvement of photoreceptors in the modulation of the activity of the Z-box containing promoters has been demonstrated. However, the role of downstream signaling components such as SPA1 and MYC2/ZBF1, which are functionally interrelated, remains unknown. In this study, we have investigated the regulation of the Z-box containing synthetic and native promoters by SPA1 and MYC2 by using stable transgenic lines. Our studies suggest that SPA1 negatively regulates the expression of CAB1 native promoter. MYC2 negatively regulates the activity of Z- and/or G-box containing synthetic as well as native promoters irrespective of light quality. Moreover, MYC2 negatively regulates the expression of Z/G-NOS101-GUS even in the darkness. Furthermore, analyses of tissue specific expression in adult plants suggest that MYC2 strongly regulates the activity of Z- and G-box containing promoters specifically in leaves and stems. In roots, whereas MYC2 positively regulates the activity of the Z-box containing synthetic promoter, it does not seem to control the activity of the G-box containing promoters. Taken together, these results provide insights into SPA1- and MYC2-mediated transcriptional regulation of the Z- and G-box containing promoters in light signaling pathways.
Electrodeposition of Copper Thin Film on Ruthenium (2003)

The electrochemical deposition of copper (Cu) thin film on polycrystalline ruthenium (Ru) electrode surface was investigated in a sulfuric acid plating bath. Scanning electron microscopic characterization indicated that a continuous thin Cu film (150 Å and above) could be conformally coated on Ru with good control of thickness. The nucleation and growth of Cu on Ru was studied using the potentiostatic current-transient method. The results support a predominantly progressive nucleation of Cu on the Ru surface. In addition, X-ray diffraction patterns indicated (i) a principally (111) texture of the electrochemically grown Cu on Ru and (ii) the absence of any new phase or compound formation between the two metals, even after annealing up to 800°C. Scotch tape peel tests showed that Cu films adhered strongly to Ru, both before and after the annealing treatments. The lack of metallurgical interaction and strong adhesion between Cu and Ru at elevated temperatures underscore the potential application of Ru as a new Cu diffusion barrier. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Electronic Scanning Strategies in Adaptive Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography: Tradeoffs and Prospects (2020)

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) has been applied for imaging of multiphase flows found in industrial applications. The ill-posed nature of the image reconstruction problem in ECVT and the consequent low resolution can be alleviated by employing electronic scanning enabled by electrode segmentation and reconfiguration during data acquisition. Here we study electronic scanning strategies that mimic physical rotation and shifting of the sensor along its symmetry axis. First, we study the feasibility of electronic scanning by analyzing the capacitance transducer circuit in SPICE. Then, we simulate electronic scanning using the finite element method for different electrode shapes, for which we compare the image reconstruction results and acquisition time. We find a noticeable improvement in image resolution for the scanning cases over conventional ECVT. Finally, among the scanning cases, we emphasize a particular electrode shape that provides the best image resolution along with the minimal amount of acquisition time.
Beam Shaping in Quantum Cascade Ring Lasers (2009)

Mid-infrared beam shaping is demonstrated by using grating coupled surface emitting quantum cascade ring lasers. The devices allow for far-field tuning, ranging from highly symmetric spot- to ring-shaped beam patterns, depending on the grating period.
Vortex Mode Multiplexing with the Forked Grating Coupler (2017)

The Forked Grating Coupler (FGC) integrated optics device selectively interfaces between vortex modes and photonic waveguide. Efficient single-fed FGC designs simultaneously interface multiple vortex modes to rectangular waveguide modes with low crosstalk.
Desulfurization sorbent development at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (1994)

The overall objective of this project is to develop regenerable sorbents for hot gas desulfurization in IGCC systems. The major criteria for the development of novel sorbents included reasonable chemical reactivity and physical durability during repeated sulfidation and regeneration cycles. Various formulations of zinc ferrite and zinc titanate in the form of extrudates and spherical pellets have been studied at the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) for removal of sulfurous gases from coal gasification gas streams. Problems of decrepitation and spalling have occurred after sulfidation and regeneration of these sorbents. Z-Sorb, a proprietary sorbent developed at Phillips Petroleum Company, showed good physical durability during testing at METC, but there was a continuous decrease in reactivity during multiple cycle tests due to steam regeneration. A series of novel sorbents containing zinc oxide have been developed at METC to address these problems. These METC-developed sorbents showed superior performance during a 20-cycle, high-pressure, fixed-bed test with steam regeneration conducted at METC. Nine sorbents were prepared, but results are given for only three.
Wavelength-selective cross-connect architecture interconnecting multiwavelength self-healing rings (2002)

We present a wavelength-selective cross-connect (XC) switch architecture interconnecting multiwavelength self-healing rings (SHRs). It preserves the fault protection and routing properties used in the WDM SHRs while keeping the process completely transparent. The main component of any XC that interconnects any two SHRs was found to be a 3/spl times/3 switch. A unique architecture and transition algorithm for this switch was developed using 2/spl times/2 switches in a wide-sense nonblocking configuration and a design incorporating multiwavelength 2/spl times/2 switches was presented.
An articulated manipulator for enhanced dexterity in minimally invasive surgery (2002)

Presents the design of a novel Articulated Manipulator for Minimally Invasive Surgery (AMMIS) that has been developed at the US Naval Postgraduate School. This manipulator (patent pending) is expected to provide surgeons with improved dexterity during minimally invasive surgical procedures and be ideally suited for tele-surgery.
Reactions of aniline with olefins catalyzed by Group 8 metal complexes: N-alkylation and heterocycle formation (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of aniline with olefins catalyzed by Group 8 metal complexes: N-alkylation and heterocycle formationSteven E. Diamond, Andrew Szalkiewicz, and Frank MaresCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 2, 490–491Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00496a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00496a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resolution doubling in light-sheet microscopy via oblique plane structured illumination (2022)

Abstract Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) doubles the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope without requiring high laser powers or specialized fluorophores. However, the excitation of out-of-focus fluorescence can accelerate photobleaching and phototoxicity. In contrast, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) largely avoids exciting out-of-focus fluorescence, thereby enabling volumetric imaging with low photo-bleaching and intrinsic optical sectioning. Combining SIM with LSFM would enable gentle 3D imaging at doubled resolution. However, multiple orientations of the illumination pattern, which are needed for isotropic resolution doubling in SIM, are challenging to implement in a light-sheet format. Here we show that multidirectional structured illumination can be implemented in oblique plane microscopy, a LSFM technique that uses a single objective for excitation and detection, in a straightforward manner. We demonstrate isotropic lateral resolution below 150nm, combined with lower photo-toxicity compared to traditional SIM systems and volumetric acquisition speed exceeding 1Hz.