gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically Optimal Distribution Preserving Quantization for Stationary Gaussian Processes (2011)

Distribution preserving quantization (DPQ) has been proposed as a lossy coding tool that yieldssuperior quality over conventional quantization, when applied to perceptually relevant signals. DPQ aimsat the optimal rate-distortion trade-off, subject to preserving the source probability distribution. In thisarticle we investigate the optimal DPQ for stationary Gaussian processes and the mean squared error(MSE). A lower bound on the optimal performance is derived. A quantization scheme is proposed andproven to asymptotically reach the lower bound. For the sake of applicability, the scheme is simplified,though without affecting its asymptotic rate-distortion behavior. While this simplification sacrifices theexact preservation of the probability distribution, it strictly preserves the power spectral density (PSD) ofthe source. This leads to the consideration of another type of quantization: PSD preserving quantization(PSD-PQ). It is shown that the optimal rate-distortion trade-off for PSD-PQ equals that for DPQ, althoughit has a weaker constraint. The proposed quantizer is applied to audio coding and compared to aconventional method that is optimized for a rate-distortion trade-off without the distribution preservingconstraint. The results demonstrate that the new method leads to better perceptual quality.
Testing the FOCOMETER???A New Refractometer (1993)

The FOCOMETER, an optometer which measures spherical refractive errors, is intended to provide rural or economically disadvantaged populations spherical prescriptions without the need for complicated protocols, expensive equipment, or electricity. FOCOMETER readings were compared with the spherical equivalent determined from autorefraction and subjective trial lens refractions in children, and with retinoscopy in adults. Over the range of refractive errors tested (-4 to +5 D) reasonably close readings, within one-half a diopter, were found for comparisons with autorefraction and retinoscopy and about one-tenth of a diopter difference was found between subjective refractions and the FOCOMETER.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-2-Deficient Mice Display Abnormal Homeostatic Responses to Challenges of Increased Dietary Fat and Cold (2003)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its family of ligands are key regulators of energy balance. These ligands function via activation of their two receptors, CRFR1 and CRFR2. CRFR1 has been shown to be the dominant receptor in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to stress as well as a key mediator of anxiety in the limbic system. To specifically examine the role of CRFR2 in energy balance, mice deficient for CRFR2 were exposed to physiological perturbations of homeostasis, including high-fat diet, repeated cold stress, and glucose and insulin challenges, and their responses measured. While on a high-fat diet, CRFR2-mutant mice consumed substantially more food and maintaining the same weight but had significantly lower body fat and lower plasma lipids than their wild-type littermates. These mice were also less inclined to develop diet-induced insulin resistance and more sensitive to changes in plasma glucose, indicating increased insulin sensitivity. Following repeated cold stress, mutant mice had significantly lower body fat and a transient reduction in feed efficiency, despite similar body weights, suggesting a possible preference for fat as an energy substrate. Elevated levels of uncoupling protein-1 in brown adipose tissue as well as smaller white and brown adipocytes from CRFR2-mutant mice were indications of possible increased sympathetic tone. These results demonstrate that CRFR2 plays a critical role in regulation of energy expenditure and is important for responses to homeostatic challenges.
Saposins A, B, C, and D in Plasma of Patients with Lysosomal Storage Disorders (2000)

Saposins may be useful markers for LSDs when used in conjunction with LAMP-1.
Practical considerations in applying IEC 61850 for Protection and Substation Automation Systems (2005)

Systems in Substations ’ defines guidelines for realising interoperability between functional nodes used for protection, monitoring, control and automation in substations. Interoperability and free allocation of functions open up a vast range of possible solutions. However, since IEC 61850 is an all-encompassing standard covering design aspects, protocol requirements, testing, etc., application of the same for any specific case requires careful consideration of customer requirements as well as available equipment. First, the paper highlights the essential and basic aspects, which have guided the elaboration of the standard IEC 61850. The authors explain why utilities today should require that protection and substation automation systems should be compliant to the standard.
Defining rules governing recognition and Fc-mediated effector functions to the HIV-1 co-receptor binding site (2020)

Our data identify a previously unknown binding site for TYS within the assembled CoRBS of the HIV-1 virus. In addition, our combined structural-modeling-functional analyses provide new insights into mechanisms of Fc-effector function of antibodies against HIV-1, in particular, how antibody binding to Env antigen affects the efficiency of ADCC response.
Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Blockade Attenuates Obesity and Adipose Tissue Type 1 Inflammation Through miR-30e-5p Regulation of Delta-Like-4 in Macrophages and Consequently Downregulation of Th1 Cells (2019)

Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to development of cardiometabolic disorders. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and related inflammation, although the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved have not been fully explored. In the current study we used a mouse model of DIO intervention to determine the microRNA (miRNA, miR)-mediated anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of the CB1 antagonist, AM251. DIO mice that were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks were treated with AM251 (10 mg/kg) for an additional 4 weeks. HFD + AM251 mice experienced rapid and prolonged weight loss and reduced inflammatory M1 adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration. To investigate miRNA-mediated regulation of ATMs, F4/80+ cells from stromal vascular fractions (SVF) of epididymal fat were subjected to miR microarray analysis. Several miRs were differentially expressed in AM251-treated mice that were independent of calorie restriction. Prominently, miR-30e-5p was upregulated in ATMs from HFD + AM251 mice while the miR-30e-5p target, DLL4, was downregulated. Consistent with a decrease in DLL4-Notch signaling, fat storage and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression was reduced following AM251 treatment. Furthermore, we found that AM251-treated macrophages can suppress DLL4-mediated Th1 polarization in CD4+ T cells. Together these data demonstrate that blocking CB1 receptors leads to upregulation of miR-30e-5p and down regulation of DLL4 in ATMs, which in turn suppress DLL4-Notch signaling-induced polarization of inflammatory Th1 cells and adipocyte energy storage. This combined effect of ATMs and T cells leads to an anti-inflammatory state and attenuation of DIO. These data support therapeutic potential of miR-30 in the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders.
Improvement of Crystal Identification Accuracy for Depth-of-Interaction Detector System with Peak-to-Charge Discrimination Method (2023)

In positron emission tomography (PET), parallax errors degrade spatial resolution. The depth of interaction (DOI) information provides the position in the depth of the scintillator interacting with the γ-rays, thus reducing parallax errors. A previous study developed a Peak-to-Charge discrimination (PQD), which can separate spontaneous alpha decay in LaBr<sub>3</sub>:Ce. Since decay constant of GSO:Ce depends on Ce concentration, the PQD is expected to discriminate GSO:Ce scintillators with different Ce concentration. In this study, the PQD-based DOI detector system was developed, which can be processed online and implemented in PET. A detector was composed of four layers of GSO:Ce crystals and a PS-PMT. The four crystals were obtained from both the top and bottom of ingots with a nominal Ce concentration of 0.5 mol% and 1.5 mol%. The PQD was implemented on the Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC board with 8ch Flash ADC to gain real-time processing, flexibility, and expandability. The results showed that the mean Figure of Merits in 1D between four scintillators are 1.5, 0.99, 0.91 for layers between 1st-2nd, 2nd-3rd, and 3rd-4th respectively, and the mean Error Rate in 1D between four scintillators are 3.50%, 2.96%, 13.3%, and 1.88% for layers 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In addition, the introduction of the 2D PQDs resulted in the mean Figure of Merits in 2D greater than 0.9 and the mean Error Rate in 2D less than 3% in all layers.
Path planning method for palletizing tasks using workspace cell decomposition (2011)

We present an algorithm to solve path planning tasks for industrial 6-axis robots with a focus on palletizing and handling applications. Given a 3D environment our algorithm decomposes the Cartesian workspace of the robot into 3 dimensional cylinder slices centered around the robot base. The resulting decomposition is searched for a sequence of collision free cells connecting the start and goal position to get a smooth joint trajectory that can be executed by a robot controller and totally lies inside this cylinder cell sequence. We compare our algorithm to an existing, random-based planning algorithm using different scenarios.
The use of triple quadrupoles for sequential mass spectrometry: 1—The instrument parameters (1982)

Abstract Triple quadrupoles are becoming widely used in sequential mass spectrometry. The observed spectra are very dependent upon the choice of instrument parameters such as the gas target density, the mode of operation of the central quadrupole, and the direct current levels of the quadrupoles (rod‐offsets) which determine the collision energy and the maximum mass resolutions in each analysing quadrupole. The influence of each of the instrument parameters is discussed with examples of experimental measurements of performance, and the optimum choice of modes of operation is determined.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in the Vehicular Environment: An Experimental Evaluation (2014)

We present the results of TV band sensing experiments performed in a suburban environment in Iizuka, Japan. This work adds to our previous work in which we proposed to exploit dynamic spectrum access techniques to facilitate use of the white space to solve shortage of spectrum for vehicular networks. Here, we focus on the terrestrial TV band spectrum sensing, which in addition to the "whitespace database", is one of the methods envisioned to identify vacant channels. A convoy of four vehicles senses multiple TV channels using energy detection. Local signal strength measurements collected from the USRP software defined radios (SDRs) are combined at the trailing vehicle which acts as the fusion center. We post- processed collected measurements to improve accuracy of local sensing outcomes by removing temporal drift and differences between the sensors remaining after calibration. We tested three conventional fusion algorithms: 1) selection combining; 2) simple averaging; and 3) weighted averaging. The results show that collaboration provides a significant improvement in the sensing performance. We observed minor differences in performance among used fusion algorithms.
Distributed Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios (2009)

Recent studies on spectrum sensing for cognitive radio (CR) reveal that sensing based on single CR may not provide reliable information due to the fact that signals degrade as a result of fading and shadowing. Hence, spectrum sensing based on multiple CR has been considered. In this paper we investigate a distributed sensing based on multiple spectrum sensors where the sensors are located outside the CR. Depending on the channel conditions between sensors (sensor- to-sensor channel) and between the sensor and the radio (user-channel), we explore three different modes of sensing where sensors provide the sensing information either cooperatively or independently. Computer simulation results are provided to validate the concepts.
AirSync: Enabling Distributed Multiuser MIMO with Full Spatial Multiplexing (2012)

The enormous success of advanced wireless devices is pushing the demand for higher wireless data rates. Denser spectrum reuse through the deployment of more access points per square mile has the potential to successfully meet the increasing demand for more bandwidth. In theory, the best approach to density increase is via distributed multiuser MIMO, where several access points are connected to a central server and operate as a large distributed multi-antenna access point, ensuring that all transmitted signal power serves the purpose of data transmission, rather than creating "interference." In practice, while enterprise networks offer a natural setup in which distributed MIMO might be possible, there are serious implementation difficulties, the primary one being the need to eliminate phase and timing offsets between the jointly coordinated access points. In this paper we propose AirSync, a novel scheme which provides not only time but also phase synchronization, thus enabling distributed MIMO with full spatial multiplexing gains. AirSync locks the phase of all access points using a common reference broadcasted over the air in conjunction with a Kalman filter which closely tracks the phase drift. We have implemented AirSync as a digital circuit in the FPGA of the WARP radio platform. Our experimental testbed, comprised of two access points and two clients, shows that AirSync is able to achieve phase synchronization within a few degrees, and allows the system to nearly achieve the theoretical optimal multiplexing gain. We also discuss MAC and higher layer aspects of a practical deployment. To the best of our knowledge, AirSync offers the first ever realization of the full multiuser MIMO gain, namely the ability to increase the number of wireless clients linearly with the number of jointly coordinated access points, without reducing the per client rate.
Employing phase modulation and second harmonic nulling to eliminate the interference fringes from the spectrum of a portable coherent frequency-domain THz spectrometer (2013)

Interpreting the spectrum from a continuous wave frequency domain terahertz spectrometer that employs coherent detection can be challenging due to the presence of an interference pattern. We report on the continued progress of a portable, battery-operated frequency domain terahertz spectrometer with an integrated, fiber-coupled, lithium-niobate optical phase-modulator and how we achieve interference fringe elimination using phase modulation and second harmonic nulling. The implications for both transmission and reflection measurements are discussed and data on the explosive compound RDX will be presented.
Active Q-control for improved insertion loss micromechanical filters (2014)

The use of active feedback in closed-loop with two electrodes of a four-electrode capacitive-gap transduced wineglass disk resonator has enabled boosting of the effective resonator Q and independent control of insertion loss across the two other electrodes. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, two such Q-boosted resonators wired as a parallel-type micro-mechanical filter achieve a tiny 0.001% bandwidth passband centered around 61 MHz with only 2.7 dB of insertion loss — something not possible with the intrinsic resonator Q of 57,000, but quite possible with Q's actively boosted to 670,000. In the feedback loop, the gain and phase of the active circuit are controlled to precisely add or cancel resonator damping while maintaining a suitable loop gain (i.e., less than unity if the feedback is positive). Unlike past kHz-frequency efforts, the split electrode design used here removes the amplifier feedback loop from the signal path allowing independent control of input-output coupling, Q, and frequency, the last of which comes about via either electrical stiffness changes or intentional changes in active circuit phase shift. The ability of this scheme to both raise and decrease resonator Q not only allows creation of narrow channel-select filters with insertion loss lower than otherwise achievable with un-boosted Q's, but also opens the possibility of maximizing the dynamic range of a communication front-end without the need for a variable gain LNA.
Cavity ringdown heterodyne spectroscopy: High sensitivity with microwatt light power (2000)

We present an ac heterodyne technique in cavity ringdown spectroscopy that permits $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ absorption sensitivity with microwatt-level light power. Two cavity modes, one probing the empty cavity and the other probing intracavity absorption, are excited simultaneously but with their intensities temporally out of phase, with one mode decaying and the other rising. Heterodyne detection between the two modes reveals the dynamic time constants associated with the empty cavity and the additional intracavity gas absorption. The method offers a quick comparison between the on- and off-resonance information, a prerequisite to reaching the fundamental shot-noise limit. This simple and yet important improvement of cavity ringdown spectroscopy should lead to the enhanced performance of a wide range of applications.
Recent progress on gas sensors based on semiconducting thin films (2002)

In this paper we review the electrical properties of semiconducting layers based on metal oxide thin films used for monitoring environmental gases and examine some innovative technique to increase the sensor selectivity towards particular gases (pulsed temperature, use of UV irradiation). The sensing layers are deposited onto a micromachined silicon substrate, which is characterized by low power consumption and allowed the interface with the process electronics.
Battery charge and health state monitoring via ultrasonic guided-wave-based methods using built-in piezoelectric transducers (2017)

This work presents a novel scalable and field-deployable framework for monitoring lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH), based on ultrasonic guided waves using low-profile built-in piezoelectric transducers. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated through experiments using surface-mounted piezoelectric disc transducers on commercial Li-ion pouch batteries. Pitch-catch guided-wave propagation is performed in synchronization with electrical charge and discharge cycling, and cycle life testing. Simple time-domain analysis shows strong and repeatable correlation between waveform signal parameters, and battery SoC and SoH. The correlation thus provides a building block for constructing a technique for accurate real-time monitoring of battery charge and health states using ultrasonic guided-wave signals. Moreover, capacity-differential signal analysis reveals the underlying physical changes associated with cyclic electrochemical activities and phase transitioning. This finding allows accurate pinpointing of the root cause of capacity fade and mechanical degradation. The results of this study indicate that the use of guided waves can potentially offer a new avenue for in-situ characterization of Li-ion batteries, providing insight on the complex coupling between electrochemistry and mechanics, heretofore not fully understood within the scientific community.
Structure and motion estimation from rolling shutter video (2011)

The majority of consumer quality cameras sold today have CMOS sensors with rolling shutters. In a rolling-shutter camera, images are read out row by row, and thus each row is exposed during a different time interval. A rolling-shutter exposure causes geometric image distortions when either the camera or the scene is moving, and this causes state-of-the-art structure and motion algorithms to fail. We demonstrate a novel method for solving the structure and motion problem for rolling-shutter video. The method relies on exploiting the continuity of the camera motion, both between frames, and across a frame. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by controlled experiments on real video sequences. We show, both visually and quantitatively, that our method outperforms standard structure and motion, and is more accurate and efficient than a two-step approach, doing image rectification and structure and motion.
<i>gemini</i>-Porphyrazines:  The Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Capped <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-Porphyrazine Tetrathiolates (1996)

Peripherally-functionalized porphyrazines of the form M[pz(An:B4-n)] (inset 1), where A and B symbolize functional moieties (e.g., a−d in Table 1) fused directly to the β-positions of the pyrroles, have the potential to serve in a wide range of applications. Previously, we reported the synthesis of porphyrazinedi- and octathiolate ligands, M[pz(b3:c1)] and M[pz(c4)], respectively, where b is a fused benzo ring and c represents two thiolates fused at the β-pyrrole positions to form a dithiolene capable of the peripheral chelation of a metal ion. We describe here a general strategy that solves the more difficult problem of preparing and isolating the porphyrazinetetra- and hexathioethers and the porphyrazinetetra- and hexathiolates, with the focus being the trinuclear metal complexes of the trans- and cis-porphyrazinetetrathiolate isomers (trans- and cis-M[pz(b2:d2)]), denoted as gemini porphyrazines. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies reveal that the physical properties of the cis- and trans-tetrathioether porphyrazines exhibit intriguing differences associated with their distinct molecular symmetries. These functionalized macrocycles have been used to prepare the trans- and cis-gemini porphyrazines 14 and 16, the two isomeric porphyrazinetetrathiolate macrocycles that are peripherally-metalated with two bis(triethylphosphine)platinum(II) moieties. The X-ray structure of the trans isomer, 14, is presented; it is the first structure of a porphyrazine or phthalocyanine having a trans-type substitution pattern.
Magnetic recording and/or reproducing apparatus having a rotary head tracking control device (1987)

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Induction of Fas-dependent apoptosis in synovial infiltrating cells in rheumatoid arthritis (1996)

Apoptosis is a feature of the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have recently shown that RA synoviocytes were susceptible to anti-Fas mAb and undergo apoptosis in vitro. To investigate whether infiltrating mononuclear cells also undergo Fas-dependent apoptosis, double-labeling techniques combined with immunohistochemical examination with anti-CD3 mAb and the TdT-mediated dUTP-blotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method to detect apoptotic cells, or in situ RT assay to detect Fas mRNA, were performed using frozen tissue sections. We also examined the in vitro induction of Fas-dependent apoptosis in freshly isolated synovium infiltrating mononuclear cells (SIM), synovial stromal cells (SSC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) using tissues from nine patients with RA and three with osteoarthritis (OA). The results showed expression of Fas antigen and apoptotic cells in a number of CD3-bearing cells in RA synovial tissues. In vitro treatment with anti-Fas mAb produced a significant apoptosis of RA SIM and SSC, while none of PBL, and neither SIM nor SSC from OA exhibited apoptosis. Moreover, approximately 50% of CD4+, CD3+ and CD45RO+ cells, and > 90% of Fas-expressing cells of RA SIM underwent apoptosis in response to anti-Fas mAb, as detected by flow cytometry. Our results suggest that RA synovial infiltrating lymphocytes acquire high susceptibility to anti-Fas mAb and undergo apoptosis. Such a phenomenon of infiltrating T cells in RA synovium may play an important pathophysiological role and suggest a possible therapeutic effect for anti-Fas mAb in RA.