gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards High-Accuracy Low-Cost Noisy Robust Speech Recognition Exploiting Structured Model (2011)

Abstract � It is well known that the distorted speech can be considered generated from the clean speech with the additive noise and the convolutive channel as In this paper, we present our recent study on using this structured model of physical distortion for robust automatic speech recognition. Three methods are introduced for joint compensation of additive and convolutive distortions (JAC), with different online computation costs. They are JAC model adaptation, GMM-based JAC model adaptation, and JAC feature enhancement. All these algorithms consist of two main steps. First, the noise and channel parameters are estimated using a nonlinear environment distortion model in the cepstral domain, and the vector-Taylor-series (VTS) linearization technique collectively. Second, the estimated noise and channel parameters are used to adapt the hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters or clean the distorted speech feature. In the experimental evaluation using the standard Aurora 2 task, the proposed JAC algorithms all achieve around 89 % accuracy using the cleantrained complex HMM backend, compare favorably over previously developed techniques. In the meanwhile, the JAC feature enhancement method has much smaller computation cost than the other two methods, and can be used as a high-accuracy low-cost noise robust front end. Detailed analysis on the experimental results shows that online updating all the noise and channel distortion parameters is critical to the success of our algorithms. 1.
Video-based face recognition based on view synthesis from 3D face model reconstructed from a single image (2008)

Most of the face recognition algorithms were proposed based on training numerous still examples of face images to accommodate different face variations, such as pose and illumination variations. However, it is not practical to collect lots of face images under different variations for each subject in a real authentication system. In this paper, we propose a novel face recognition system with only one single image for each individual in the training dataset. The proposed face recognition system applies the 3D face model reconstructed from the single face to synthesize different views for effectively training, thus leading to robustness against poses variations. The proposed system integrates the temporal face recognition results from the video in a probabilistic framework to make reliable decision when enough evidence is accumulated. In addition, it rejects imposters with the notion of locally linear embedding. The experiment results on FG-Net video database are shown to validate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed algorithm.
Physical and electrical characterization of TexasPEG: An electrically conductive neuronal scaffold (2017)

A robust characterization of PEG-GNRs is discussed, though the precise origin of efficacy in improving outcomes following spinal cord transection is not known.
Preliminary In Vivo Experimental Validation of SMA Based Bowel Extender for Short Bowel Syndrome (2009)

Short Bowel Syndrome is a serious medical condition caused by insufficient small bowel length resulting in significantly high rates of morbidity and mortality. The limited success of current therapies has prompted the investigation of a new treatment approach based on mechanotransduction — the process through which mechanical tensile loading on the bowel induces longitudinal growth. To enable clinically relevant mechanotransduction growth studies in large animals, such as pigs, a fully implantable and instrumented bowel extender device based on a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) ratchet was developed and validated in benchtop and ex vivo tests. These devices, however, must also be validated against the unique in vivo environment which presents challenges such as sealing, battery life, surgical implantation, signal attenuation from tissue, and isolating the measurement of tensile loading on the bowel wall. This paper extends the earlier development work to in vivo validation experiments within live pigs. A brief summary of the bowel extender architecture and operation is provided along with earlier ex vivo results that established device limits for in vivo testing. The wireless communication rate was updated to extend battery life and new surgical implantation procedures and lengthening schemes were developed. Two bowel extenders were tested in in vivo experiments ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 days with data collected to validate the wireless communication, SMA ratcheting and load/displacement measurements, confirming that the bowel extender successfully operates in vivo. More importantly, the bowel extenders successfully induced significant growth, which is promising for future studies comparing different lengthening schemes for optimal growth and the development of a clinical device for treating short bowel syndrome in humans.
Fast parallel image reconstructions for spiral trajectories (2004)

The primary limitation in non-Cartesian spiral imaging is blurring from off-resonance effects. Blurring, however, scales with the readout duration and can be greatly reduced by the use of parallel MRI (pMRI) methods. Unfortunately pMRI reconstructions are non-trivial in the case of spiral trajectories [1-3]. In this study, we have focused on the implementation of a fast reconstruction algorithm for parallel imaging with spiral trajectories, which enables single-shot spiral pMRI. As in other recent approaches [4,5] for parallel imaging of nonCartesian k-space sampling by means of the GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions (GRAPPA) algorithm [6], the proposed algorithm works completely in k-space leading to significantly reduced reconstruction times.
Electrospray mass spectrometry of isomeric tetrakis(N-alkylpyridyl)porphyrins and their manganese(III) and iron(III) complexes (2000)

Manganese(III) complexes of isomeric tetrakis(N-alkylpyridyl)porphyrins (N- alkyl = N- methyl , M or N- ethyl , E ), MnTM ( E )-2(3,4)- PyP 5+ , are being developed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. Simultaneously, techniques for their purification, identification and characterization are being pursued. Electrospray mass spectrometry ( ESMS ) proved to be an excellent method for identification and characterization of this group of water-soluble cationic porphyrins. The multiply charged parent ion is observed for both the metal-free ligands and their corresponding manganese complexes. The other major peaks in the mass spectra result from loss of N-alkyl groups, reduction of the metal center, axial coordination of chloride or hydroxo ion in the case of the Fe porphyrin, loss of metal and deprotonation of pyrrolic nitrogens. As a result of inductive and resonance effects, which stabilize the ortho isomer, almost no loss of N-alkyl groups from the manganese complex or from its parent ligand was observed. The relative intensity of the multiply charged molecular ion Mn III TM -3(4)- PyP 5+ /5 was 100% in the case of the meta and para isomers. Although manganese porphyrins display a low preference toward axial ligation, favorable electrostatics at the metal center of the ortho isomer gives rise to 100% relative intensity of the species that has chloride axially ligated at the manganese site, Mn III TM ( E )-2- PyPCl 4+ /4. When the stronger preference of iron porphyrins toward axial ligation combines with the ortho effect, the monohydroxo iron porphyrin Fe III TM -2- PyP ( OH ) 4+ /4 dominates the ESMS of an aqueous acetonitrile solution at pH 7.8.
Evaluating Chiral Separation Interactions by Use of Diastereomeric Polymeric Dipeptide Surfactants (1999)

Poly sodium N-undecyl leucine-leucine (poly SULL) is used as a diagnostic tool to investigate chiral molecular interactions via electrokinetic chromatography (EKC). Poly SULL has two chiral centers which are defined by two asymmetric carbons. Each chiral center of poly SULL can have two possible configurations (D or L). Consequently, four different optical configurations are possible within the surfactant molecule (L-L, D-D, L-D, and D-L). In this study, five chiral analytes of various charge states and hydrophobicities were used to investigate the role of electrostatic interactions and hydrophobicity on chiral recognition with polymeric dipeptide surfactants. These studies lead to a proposed hypothesis for interaction of the analytes with dipeptide surfactants. The hypothesis was tested and the contribution of the double chiral centers to this interaction was evaluated by use of two dipeptide surfactants in which one chiral amino acid is replaced by an achiral amino acid glycine, i.e., poly sodium N-undecyl L-leucine-glycine (poly L-SULG) and poly sodium N-undecyl L-glycine-leucine (poly L-SUGL). The results reported here provide new insights into the mechanism for chiral recognition of select chiral analytes by use of polymeric chiral surfactants.
Discovery of a Novel Chemical Class of mGlu<sub>5</sub> Allosteric Ligands with Distinct Modes of Pharmacology (2010)

We previously discovered a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu(5)) termed 4 N-{4-chloro-2-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide (CPPHA) that elicits receptor activation through a novel allosteric site on mGlu(5), distinct from the classical mGlu(5) negative allosteric modulator (NAM) MPEP allosteric site. However, a shallow structure-activity relationship (SAR), poor physiochemical properties, and weak PAM activity at rat mGlu(5) limited the utility of CPPHA to explore allosteric activation of mGlu(5) at a non-MPEP site. Thus, we performed a functional high-throughput screen (HTS) and identified a novel mGlu(5) PAM benzamide scaffold, exemplified by VU0001850 (EC(50) = 1.3 μM, 106% Glu(max)) and VU0040237 (EC(50) = 350 nM, 84% Glu Max). An iterative parallel synthesis approach delivered 22 analogues, optimized mGlu(5) PAM activity to afford VU0357121 (EC(50) = 33 nM, 92% Glu(max)), and also revealed the first non-MPEP site neutral allosteric ligand (VU0365396). Like CPPHA, PAMs within this class do not appear to bind at the MPEP allosteric site based on radioligand binding studies. Moreover, mutagenesis studies indicate that VU0357121 and related analogues bind to a yet uncharacterized allosteric site on mGlu(5), distinct from CPPHA, yet share a functional interaction with the MPEP site.
Motor recovery monitoring using acceleration measurements in post acute stroke patients (2013)

A wireless accelerometer based 'hot stroke' monitoring system is developed to monitor the motor recovery in acute-stroke patients. It has been shown to monitor stroke patients continuously, which has not been possible so far with high reliability.
Human Anti‐Ro Autoantibodies Bind Peptides Accessible to the Surface of the Native Ro Autoantigen (1995)

The relationship between fine specificity of linear epitopes and conformational determinants has been explored in a naturally arising human autoimmune response. In particular, the hypothesis tested is that the linear epitopes of the human Ro autoantigen are components of its conformational epitopes. Twenty groups among the 531 overlapping octapeptides 60 kDa Ro are variably bound by anti-Ro precipitin positive lupus sera whose reactivity was easily distinguished from sera of normal controls and of anti-Ro precipitin negative lupus patients. The specific activities of anti-peptide antibodies and of anti-native Ro autoantibodies are similarly increased after affinity enrichment using native human Ro as ligand. Moreover, affinity-enriched anti-native Ro autoantibodies bind virtually the same 20 groups of epitopes recognized by whole anti-Ro positive sera. Two peptides (residues 274-290 and 480-494) from the defined 60 kDa Ro octapeptide epitopes have been prepared and used as ligands for affinity purification of peptide specific autoantibodies. The binding of both whole IgG and affinity-enriched peptide specific autoantibodies is inhibited by native Ro autoantigen. Thus, none of the available data can be construed to support the existence of cryptic linear epitopes in this system. Indeed, the data are only consistent with the conclusion that all of the anti-Ro octapeptide autoantibodies are part of the population of anti-native Ro autoantibodies in this naturally arising autoimmune response.
Novel and Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: 4-Benzyl- and 4-(Benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-2-acetic Acid Derivatives. (1994)

A number of 1,4-benzothiazine-2-acetic acid derivatives (1, 2 and 3) and their bioisosteres (15b, 16, 18 and 20b) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for the ability to inhibit aldose reductase (AR) in porcine lens. The compounds which exhibited potent activity in vitro were also assayed in vivo for inhibitory activity against sorbitol accumulation in the erythrocytes, sciatic nerve and lens of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The 4-(substituted benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-1,4-benzothiazine-2-acetic acid derivatives (2 and 3) showed more potent AR inhibitory activity than did the 4-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-1,4-benzothiazine-2-acetic acid derivatives (1). 4-(4,5,7-Tri-fluorobenzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-3- oxo-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-2-acetic acid (2q, SPR-210) showed not only a potent AR-inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 9.5 x 10(-9) M) but also a significant reduction in sorbitol accumulation in rat sciatic nerve (ID50 0.1 mg/kg) and lens (ID50 9.8 mg/kg). Optical resolution of the racemic SPR-210 was achieved by means of a diastereomer salt method using (-)-brucine. The biological activities of both enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-SPR-210, were comparable to that of the racemate.
A novel vaccine vector: herpes simplex virus type-2 deleted in glycoprotein D (HSV-2 Δ<i>gD</i>) and expressing modified influenza A (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) antigens (2017)

Abstract Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause significant global morbidity and mortality. In collaboration, the Jacobs and Herold laboratories generated an attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) strain deleted in glycoprotein D (HSV-2 ΔgD) and demonstrated that it triggers an FcγRIV activating response that elicits both antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. The antibodies rapidly clear virus and prevent the establishment of latency in mice and guinea pigs following challenge with several clinical isolates of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. We therefore propose that HSV-2 ΔgD is an ideal vaccine vector to induce immunity against a wide array of pathogens. The HSV genome is difficult to work with due to high GC content, repetitive regions, and tendency toward attenuation. Using Gibson cloning and homologous recombination we introduce exogenous genes such as red fluorescent protein (rfp) and influenza A (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) into the HSV genome. IAV HA is a great model antigen to study the immunogenicity of proteins inserted into the HSV-2 ΔgD backbone. Moreover, cloning both full-length and stalk HAs into the HSV-2 ΔgD genome will test the influence of immunodominant antigens on the character of our antibody response. Our expression vectors, verified by digestion and sequencing, encode a chimeric gD/HA protein that contains the signal sequence and cytosolic and transmembrane domains of HSV-2 gD. These modifications will promote trafficking of HA to the cell membrane and viral envelope. Our recombination system has produced an RFP+ HSV-2 ΔgD virus that we verified by fluorescence, digestion and sequencing. The kinetics of infection with the RFP+ virus match that its parental HSV-2 ΔgD strain.
Fingertip detection without the use of depth data, color information, or large training data sets (2017)

In this paper we present a feasibility study on the detection of a complex shape with good precision/recall, without using depth or color information and with minimal dependence on the machine learning training data set. Specifically, we present an algorithm that supports reliable open palm and fingertip contour line detection that satisfies the aforementioned requirements, using a training set of only 100 images. Conceptually, our work extends the framework by Coughlan et. al. [Efficient Deformable Template Detection and Localization without User Initiation, CVIU 2000], but provides new solutions to problems related to edge detection, finger template description and the design of a dynamic programming process used for determining optimal finger configurations. We discuss guidelines for building a practical working system demonstrating 82.82% precision as measured over 3,154 test frames associated with different backgrounds and environments. Our algorithm is associated with almost perfect recall in our experiments where finger sizes are between 16-80 pixels and the image resolution is VGA. By perfect recall we mean that the open palm is almost always detected.
Acoustic radiation and its use in microscopy (1977)

The basic principles of acoustic microscopy are outlined and its applications and limitations are illustrated by micrographs of biomedical specimens and solid-state materials and devices
Bacillus subtilis mutants producing uridine in high yields. (1988)

This work was designed to obtain a microbial mutant suitable for the industrial production of uridine. The growth of a wild type strain of Bacillus subtilis was inhibited by uracil analogs, such as 2-thiouracil and 6-azauracil, and the inhibition was reversed by adding uracil. Mutants resistant to these analogs were isolated. Among them, strain No. 508 produced 46 mg/ml of uridine; however, 6mg/ml of uracil was accumulated concomitantly. When this strain was subjected to further mutation to obtain mutants deficient in uridine phosphorylase activity, another mutant, No. 556, was obtained that produced 55 mg/ml of uridine with no appreciable amount of uracil.
Modulation of Commitment, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Chondrogenic Cells in Defined Culture Medium<sup>1</sup> (1997)

The factors regulating the growth and development of mesenchymal precursor cells toward chondrogenesis are not well identified. We have developed a defined serum-free culture system that allows the proliferation of chick embryo chondrogenic cells and their maturation toward hypertrophic chondrocytes. Proliferation is obtained in adhesion in medium supplemented with insulin (Ins), Dexamethasone (Dex), and either basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), platelet-derived growth factor bb, epithelial growth factor, or GH; the highest mitogenic response is induced by FGF-2 in synergy with Ins. Ins can be substituted by Ins-like growth factor I. When these cells are transferred into suspension culture in Ins/Dex and T3 without growth factor supplement, they undergo the complete chondrogenic development characterized by type X collagen synthesis and cellular hypertrophy. During differentiation, Ins cannot be substituted by Ins-like growth factor I. Chondrogenesis is also evidenced by the formation of hypertrophic cartilage when the medium is supplemented with ascorbic acid. If T3 is introduced in the proliferation phase, the cells fail to differentiate to hypertrophy in suspension unless bone morphogenetic protein-2 is added. Assays of ectopic tissue formation in nude mice, with cells implanted sc after adsorption on collagen sponge or porous hydroxyapatite ceramics, indicate that cells grown in Ins/FGF-2 reform mainly cartilage in vivo, whereas expansion in Ins/T3/Dex/FGF-2 leads to the formation of cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue.
Optical Coherence Tomography: History, Current Status, and Laboratory Work (2011)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become widespread in ophthalmology over the past 15 years, because of its ability to visualize ocular structures at high resolution. This article reviews the history of OCT imaging of the eye, its current status, and the laboratory work that is driving the future of the technology.
<title>Catastrophic characteristics of pattern recognition in feedback joint transform correlator</title> (1993)

A joint transform correlator with feedbacks from the correlation outputs to the input intensity of the reference images works as a neurocomputing system. The characteristics change catastrophically with the parameters of the feedback transfer function.
Neutralizing epitope‐specific antibody responses in Anthrax Vaccine Absorbed (AVA) vaccinated individuals (2008)

The release of Bacillus anthracis spores can cause significant morbidity and mortality and an effective vaccine as well as directed immunotherapeutics are needed. The currently licensed vaccine requires six primary vaccinations, annual boosters, and has been associated with serious adverse events. Thus there is increasing interest in developing an improved vaccination strategy which can generate lasting protective immunity with reduced vaccinations. This study seeks to identify the major humoral targets of B. anthracis that provide protection. To this end, plasma was obtained from two hundred vaccinated individuals and thirty unvaccinated controls. Ninety‐five percent of all vaccinated individuals had anti‐protective antigen antibodies and the titer of these antibodies correlated with in vitro protection against lethal toxin. Utilizing overlapping decapeptides, we identified common antigenic regions within those individuals with high toxin neutralizing activity and demonstrated that these epitope‐specific antibodies were able to mediate protection in vitro. Thus we have identified an antigenic region within the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis that provides protection in an in vitro lethal toxin assay. The findings from these humoral epitope‐binding studies have important implications for vaccine design and immunotherapeutic development. NIAID: 5U19AI062629
Impact of Foreign Objects on the Performance of Capacitive Wireless Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles (2018)

This paper presents the impact of foreign objects on the performance of capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. For this study, a prototype 6.78-MHz 12-cm air-gap capacitive WPT system utilizing 12.25-cm × 12.25-cm coupling plates is designed, built and tested. With no foreign objects in its vicinity, the prototype system transfers 507 W with a peak efficiency of nearly 90%. In the presence of foreign objects (including metal, wood, plastic and water), the system's performance is found to be significantly impacted only when the object is in very close proximity (<;3 cm) to the coupling plates. It is found that this performance degradation is mostly due to detuning, that is, a drift between the system's operating and resonant frequency. This digest evaluates two approaches to re-tune the system and recover its performance. The first approach, which involves changing the system's operating frequency, is shown to partially restore system performance. However, this approach is not suited to multi-MHz capacitive WPT systems, which need to operate within a narrow ISM frequency band. The second approach involves utilizing an active variable reactance (AVR) rectifier, which operates at a fixed frequency and can efficiently provide the incremental reactance required to re-tune the system in the presence of foreign objects.
<title>Integrated Optical Components In Semiconductor Injection Lasers</title> (1978)

In this paper we discuss the integration of various optical components into semiconductor injection lasers in order to improve their properties, thereby enhancing the utility of these lasers. These optical components include 2-dimensional waveguides, optical gratings, prisms and interferometric structures. The paper is divided into four sections; the first of which is a brief review of heterostructure waveguides and laser diodes. Successive sections then describe the utility of integrated optical techniques to control transverse modes, the longitudinal modes and the radiation pattern of lasers.