gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Optimization Using Differential Evolution Algorithm (2003)

Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is presented and applied to global optimization in this research. DE suggested initially for the solution to Chebychev polynomial fitting problem is similar to genetic algorithm (GA) including crossover, mutation and selection process. However, differential evolution algorithm is simpler than GA because it uses a vector concept in populating process. And DE turns out to be converged faster than GA, since it employs the difference information as pseudo-sensitivity. In this paper, a trial vector and its control parameters of DE are examined and unconstrained optimization problems of highly nonlinear multimodal functions are demonstrated. To illustrate the efficiency of DE, convergence rates and robustness of global optimization algorithms are compared with those of simple GA.
Charging ratio model for quality-based VoIP charging mechanism (2011)

In this paper, we use a methodology of listening and identifying word-by-word in order to define ‘burst’, which enables users to identify if they are satisfied with their experiences in a short burst period which could be less than 1 second. Investigating the relationship between PESQ MOS and the gap ratio that can be easily obtained from the burst measurement, we derive the charging ratio that can be used as the proportion of quality-based prices to ‘delivered packet amount’-based prices. The charging ratio model can be used as a key component of quality-based VoIP charging mechanism.
Atherogenic nature of triglycerides, postprandial lipidemia, and triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins (1995)

In addition to low-density lipoproteins, plasma chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contribute to atherogenesis. When triglyceride-rich particles bind to arterial endothelium and to deendothelialized areas, locally present lipoprotein lipase initiates triglyceride hydrolysis and decreases the size of the adhering particles. Additional changes in composition are brought about by the exchange of lipids between chylomicron/VLDL remnants and the cholesteryl ester-rich low- and high-density lipoproteins. These exchanges are mediated by lipid transfer proteins in plasma. Animal studies with doubly labeled lipoproteins show that the size of lipoprotein particles determines their rate of entering the artery and contributes to the formation of lesions. This model supports epidemiologic studies that have identified plasma triglycerides as a risk factor for atherogenesis. The model for a causal role of pre- and postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in atherogenesis suggests that measuring them may improve the assessment of cardiovascular risk factors.
Improving performance of mobile programs via a compilation service (2004)

Virtual machines such as Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) provide better memory management, security, and program portability than natively executing programs, yet the extra layer in the execution hierarchy comes at a cost. One of these costs is compilation since modern JVM implementations interleave execution with compilation of “hot ” methods to achieve reasonable performance. Since compilation overhead impacts the execution time of the application and induces run-time pauses, we explore offloading compilation onto a dedicated server. This dissertation
A thermally opaque, millimeter-wave radome for space (1986)

A thermally opaque radome, suitable for space applications is described. Because of the low-loss character of the materials from which it is constructed, it can be fabricated with little regard for the effects of tolerances. The insertion loss was measured between 18 and 50 GHz and found to be less than 0.25 dB. Theoretical calculations predict that the radome should also remain quite usable at frequencies well outside this band.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mononuclear Cells From Cord Blood: Cotransplantation Provides a Better Effect in Treating Myocardial Infarction (2016)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cotransplanting mononuclear cells from cord blood (CB-MNCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as treatment for myocardial infarction (MI). Transplanting CD34+ cells or MSCs separately has been shown effective in treating MI, but the effect of cotransplanting CB-MNCs and MSCs is not clear. In this study, MSCs were separated by their adherence to the tissue culture. The morphology, immunophenotype, and multilineage potential of MSCs were analyzed. CB-MNCs were separated in lymphocyte separation medium 1.077. CD34+ cell count and viability were analyzed by flow cytometry. Infarcted male Sprague-Dawley rats in a specific-pathogen-free grade were divided into four treatment groups randomly: group I, saline; group II, CB-MNCs; group III, MSCs; and group IV, CB-MNCs plus MSCs. The saline, and CB-MNCs and/or MSCs were injected intramyocardially in infarcted rats. Their cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The myocardial capillary density was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Both cell types induced an improvement in the left ventricular cardiac function and increased tissue cell proliferation in myocardial tissue and neoangiogenesis. However, CB-MNCs plus MSCs were more effective in reducing the infarct size and preventing ventricular remodeling. Scar tissue was reduced significantly in the CB-MNCs plus MSCs group. MSCs facilitate engraftment of CD34+ cells and immunomodulation after allogeneic CD34+ cell transplantation. Cotransplanting MSCs and CB-MNCs might be more effective than transplanting MSCs or CB-MNCs separately for treating MI. This study contributes knowledge toward effective treatment strategies for MI.
Real-Time Detection of Reverse-Osmosis Membrane Scaling via Raman Spectroscopy (2018)

Scaling remains a serious barrier to membrane-based desalination. While some real-time techniques have proven effective for scaling detection, none provides the crucial capability of chemical identification with high temporal and spatial resolution under realistic operating conditions. In this work, we describe a real-time technique for detection of early stage scaling via chemical quantification using Raman spectroscopy. Experiments utilized a custom bench-scale flow cell integrated with a commercial Raman microscope that accesses the membrane through a 10 mm optical window. Calcium sulfate was used as a model foulant at high concentration (1.8 g/L) to minimize the time required for membrane scaling. The experiments were conducted with a commercial brackish water reverse-osmosis thin film composite membrane operating at a feed pressure of 1.17 MPa (170 psi) and a feed flow velocity of 4.7–5.6 cm/s. Raman measurements were made in real time at a laser excitation wavelength of 785 nm. Real-time results were validated with post-mortem SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and indicated the capability to detect early-stage scaling characterized by a relatively modest reduction in the permeate flow rate.
[The construction and significance of the Chinese Museum of War Injuries]. (2010)

The Chinese Museum of War Injuries is the only military medical museum in China which collects special weapons, conventional weapons, high-tech weapons and pathological specimens, materials and documents of human and animal injuries caused by military environments and military operations, amounting to 4,350 objects. The construction of the Chinese Museum of War Injuries played an important role in the aspects of military medical education and training, popularization of public health knowledge, preservation of military medical historical materials and opening up to the outside world etc, to which should priority attention should be paid to by the Chinese government and relevant military departments.
A Bulky Pd(II) α-Diimine Catalyst Supported on Sulfated Zirconia for the Polymerization of Ethylene and Copolymerization of Ethylene and Methyl Acrylate (2018)

The reaction of (N∧N)PdMe2 (N∧N is Ar–N═CMeMeC═N–Ar; Ar = 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylbenzene) and sulfated zirconia (SZO) in diethyl ether forms organometallic Pd-sites that polymerize ethylene and copolymerize ethylene and methyl acrylate. The Pd-sites bind CO and were studied by infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopies. Analysis of the reaction mixture shows that more methane than expected evolves during the grafting reaction, suggesting that some Pd-sites do not contain a Pd-Me group. Consistent with this observation, deuterium labeling experiments show that ∼9% of palladium sites are active in polymerization reactions. (N∧N)PdMe2/SZO polymerizes ethylene with activity as high as 1342 kgPE/(molactive Pd*h) and incorporated up to 0.46% methyl acrylate in copolymerization reactions.
Deploying the Squid Proxy Server on Linux (2001)

Ian gives an example of the installation, configuration and maintenance of this multi-tentacled invertebrate proxy server.
Genomic and Epigenomic Integration Identifies a Prognostic Signature in Colon Cancer (2011)

CRC that have silenced genes in ECM pathway components show worse survival suggesting that our finding provides novel prognostic biomarkers for CRC and reflects the high importance of integrative analyses linking genetic and epigenetic abnormalities with pathway disruption in cancer.
The Unbiased Estimation of Variance Components by a Simple Method. (1992)

A set of quadratic forms are proposed, which contain an approximate solution vector and the right-hand side vector in the mixed model equations after absorption of fixed effects on one and another side, respectively. The approximate solutions are based on utilizing information included in the offdiagonal elements as well as in the diagonal elements of the coefficient matrix. The quadratics are translation invariant and whose matrices are not symmetric. Using the quadratics, a method for unbiased estimation of variance components in the mixed linear model is described as a simple approximation to the minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation. The current approach does not require the calculation of a generalized inverse of the coefficient matrix as do not other approximate approaches. The relative ability of the present method to eliminate bias due to a culling tyqe of selection is examined by Monte Cario simulation.
Toll-Like Receptor Engagement Enhances the Immunosuppressive Properties of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inducing Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 via Interferon-β and Protein Kinase R   (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display unique suppressive properties on T-cell immunity, thus representing an attractive vehicle for the treatment of conditions associated with harmful T-cell responses such as organ-specific autoimmunity and graft-versus-host disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells and recognize conserved pathogen-derived components. Ligation of TLR activates multiple innate and adaptive immune response pathways to eliminate and protect against invading pathogens. In this work, we show that TLR expressed on human bone marrow-derived MSC enhanced the immunosuppressive phenotype of MSC. Immunosuppression mediated by TLR was dependent on the production of immunosuppressive kynurenines by the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1). Induction of IDO1 by TLR involved an autocrine interferon (IFN)-beta signaling loop, which was dependent on protein kinase R (PKR), but independent of IFN-gamma. These data define a new role for TLR in MSC immunobiology, which is to augment the immunosuppressive properties of MSC in the absence of IFN-gamma rather than inducing proinflammatory immune response pathways. PKR and IFN-beta play a central, previously unidentified role in orchestrating the production of immunosuppressive kynurenines by MSC.
The Macmillan dictionary of measurement (1994)

More than four thousand entries in thirty-five categories provide the etymologies, numerical equivalents, definitions, and usages of measurement terminology.
EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF BUFFER-pH LIME REQUIREMENT METHODS (1981)

In this experiment, we sought to determine the accuracy and useful range of six buffer-pH lime requirement (LR) tests, improve their accurate range, and select the best methods to determine the LR of acid mineral soils by routine analysis. Four single-buffer methods (Woodruff, Shoemaker et al. (SMP-SB), Adams and Evans, and Mehlich) and two double-buffer methods (Yuan and McLean et al. (SMP-DB)) were verified by comparing the estimated to the incubation LR, using correlation and regression techniques. Seventy acid mineral soils requiring from 1.4 to 40 milliequivalents CaCO3/100 grams to achieve pH 6.5 were used in this experiment. The proportion of soil acidity reacting with the LR buffers decreased as the LR of soils increased. Because this proportion is not constant (linear) as is generally assumed, but tends to be slightly exponential (curvilinear), the calibrations of these buffers were found to be more accurate for a particular range of soils. Accordingly, when used as proposed, the Woodruff, SMP-SB, and SMP-DB buffer methods predicted on the average 96, 130, and 102 percent of the actual requirements of soils requiring less than 10 meq CaCO3/100 g to attain pH 6.5, but predicted 69, 98, and 90 percent of the actual requirements for soils requiring between 10 and 40 meq CaCO3/100 g, respectively. The accuracy of these methods can be improved substantially by using two linear or a single curvilinear regression equation to correct for the exponential relationship between the proportion of soil acidity determined by such a buffer and the incubation LR. As these regression equations make the Woodruff and Shoemaker et al. single-buffer methods as accurate as the more involved Yuan and McLean et al. double-buffer methods, these single-buffer methods are recommended for routine LR determination.
A Review of Turbidity Detection Based on Computer Vision (2018)

Computer vision technology has made great progress in practice in recent years, and it also has broad application prospects in turbidity detection. Turbidity detection plays an important role in water environment science, but popular turbidity detection methods have some limitations in aspects of cost, convenience, and space-time coverage. Based on above reasons, researchers are devoted to developing image-based turbidity detection methods as a complementary or even alternative to the popular turbidity detection method. However, the use of computer vision technology to detect turbidity is affected by many factors such as imaging system, feature extraction, model selection, and so on. Currently, there is no comparison and analysis of these methods in a framework. Therefore, this paper introduces typical turbidity detection methods based on computer vision in detail, with their principle, measurement range, accuracy, technical framework, and comparison. In this paper, existing studies are divided into four types according to different image sources, and seven image features mainly used in these studies are pointed out. The objective of this paper is to review the development status, existing problems, future research directions of image-based turbidity detection methods, and establishment of a unified framework which includes principles, technical framework, and main equipment of imaging systems.
Selective <i>I</i><sub>Kur</sub> Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Optimization of the Phenyl Quinazoline Series Leading to Clinical Candidate 5-[5-Phenyl-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)quinazolin-2-yl]pyridine-3-sulfonamide (2017)

We have recently disclosed 5-phenyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinazolin-4-amine 1 as a potent I<sub>Kur</sub> current blocker with selectivity versus hERG, Na and Ca channels, and an acceptable preclinical PK profile. Upon further characterization in vivo, compound 1 demonstrated an unacceptable level of brain penetration. In an effort to reduce the level of brain penetration while maintaining the overall profile, SAR was developed at the C2' position for a series of close analogues by employing hydrogen bond donors. As a result, 5-[5-phenyl-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)quinazolin-2-yl]pyridine-3-sulfonamide (25) was identified as the lead compound in this series. Compound 25 showed robust effects in rabbit and canine pharmacodynamic models and an acceptable cross-species pharmacokinetic profile and was advanced as the clinical candidate. Further optimization of 25 to mitigate pH-dependent absorption resulted in identification of the corresponding phosphoramide prodrug (29) with an improved solubility and pharmacokinetic profile.
DROWNINGS IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF CUIABA (2022)

Drowning is the fourth leading cause of accidental death in adults and the third in children and adolescents worldwide. Drowning is usually caused by asphyxia due to aspiration of fluid that obstructs the airways and is responsible for changes in gas exchange, which lead to hypoxemia (insufficient oxygen levels in the blood) and metabolic acidosis. This study aimed to analyze cases of drowning in the metropolitan region of Cuiab from January to December 2014. The analysis consisted of the observation of 1200 reports from the Instituto Medico Legal de Cuiab, which presented 25 cases of drowning; all were men (100%), with a predominance of adults (52%), of which there was a predominance of the age group between 31 and 60 years (36%), higher incidence of drowning cases in September (28%) and more than half of the deaths from this fatality (60%) occurred in the freshwater Cuiab river, on the banks near the capital of the state of Mato Grosso.
A synthetic visual environment with hand gesturing and voice input (1989)

This paper describes a practical synthetic visual environment for use in CAD and teleoperation. Instead of using expensive head mounted display systems, we use a standard display and compute smooth shaded images using an AT&T Pixel Machine. The interface uses a VPL DataGlove [9] to track the hand, bringing the synthetic world into the same space as the hand. Hand gesturing is used to implement a virtual control panel, and some 3D modeling tasks. When simple speech recognition was added it markedly improved the interface. We also outline what extensions might be needed for using this kind of interface for teleoperation.
Audio Watermarking Method Based on the Cochlear Delay Characteristics (2008)

This paper proposes a state-of-the-art audio watermarking method, based on the properties of the human cochlear. The method is based on the concept of embedding inaudible watermarks (e.g., a copyright data) into an original sound by controlling the phase characteristics of the sound in relation to the characteristics of cochlear delay. The method consists of two processes: data embedding and data detection. The data embedding process was carried out by applying two types of all-pass filters with the cochlear delays, and then selecting the filtered signal from them according to the watermarks. The data detection process involved by estimating the group delay of the filter from the phase difference between the original and watermarked sounds to detect the embedded data. We designed optimal group delays for the filters. We experimentally evaluated the proposed method by carrying out subjective detection tests and three objective tests of robustness (against down sampling, amplitude compression, and mp3-compression). Results showed that subjects could not detect the embedded data in any of the watermarked sounds we used, and that the proposed method precisely and robustly detected the embedded data from the watermarked sounds.
Generic component library characterization for high level synthesis (1991)

Describes a novel generator-generator environment for characterizing generic component libraries used in high level hardware synthesis. The environment is composed of LEGEND, a language used to specify generic libraries, and GENUS, the generated generic component library. GENUS provides generic component instances for the task of behavior-to-structure mapping in high level synthesis. The LEGEND/GENUS environment complements a language such as VHDL by providing component library generator-generators with behavioral models for simulation and subsequent synthesis. The LEGEND language has a simple and extensible syntax which allows users to add and modify component generators easily. Generic components in GENUS have realistic register transfer semantics, including clocking, asynchrony and data bi-directionality. The LEGEND/GENUS environment is implemented on SUN workstations in C/Unix and is used by a suite of behavioral and logic synthesis tools at U.C. Irvine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WF11899A, B and C, novel antifungal lipopeptides. II. Biological properties. (1994)

WF11899A, B and C, novel water-soluble lipopeptides related to the echinocandins, possess potent anti-Candida activities. The IC50s of the compounds against four clinical isolates of Candida albicans ranged from 0.004 to 0.03 microgram/ml by microbroth dilution assay. These compounds mildly suppressed the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger. WF11899A, B and C showed a potent in vivo anti-Candida activity. Particularly, WF11899A was superior to cilofungin, and equal to fluconazole. 1,3-beta-glucan synthase was inhibited by these compounds at the IC50s of 0.7, 0.7 and 1.8 micrograms/ml for WF11899A, B and C, respectively. However, they hemolysed mouse red blood cells in vitro at the concentration of 62 micrograms/ml.
Laser-induced thermal stress and the heat shock response in neural cells (2004)

Our findings suggest a possible role for the Ho: YAG laser in spinal foraminoplasty based on the high level of cell viability in the treatment regimen that most closely mirrored the clinical application of the laser.
Modal Control Of An Attentive Vision System (2005)

Cambridge, MA A vision system for use in a mobile robot system, or in n fixed multi-tasking industrial robot requires attentive control. Attentive control refers to the process by which the direction of gaze of the visual sensors are determined, nlong with the determination of what processing is required to be applied to the sensed images based on the goals of the robot and the tasks it is performing. This paper describes the implementation of a. mnt,ion control system which allows the attentive control of a binocular vision system. Attentive inputs to the system specify the type of visual feedback that the oculo-motor control system will use. The MDL language developed by Brockett [7] i8 used to communicate between the attentive planner and the motion controller.
NO<sub>2</sub>Gas-Concentration Measurement with a SAW-Chemosensor (1987)

A highly stable and selective SAW-chemosensor has been realized. The sensor operation is based upon the interaction of SAW fields with the simultaneous changes of mass and electrical conductivity of a chemical interface originating from changes in the gas concentra- tion. The sensor system is based upon a dual delay-line oscillator. The difference between the two oscillator frequencies is a measure of the gas concentration. The delay lines are implemented in an STX-quartz substrate. One delay line is provided with the chemical interface ob- tained by vacuum sublimation of an organic semiconductor, metal-free phthalocyanine. The oscillator is stabilized by means of automatic gain control. The oscillator operates without tuning inductors and with symmetrical driving of the transducers, aiming at a (total) monolithic integration of this sensor in a ZnO-SiOz-Si layered structure. A spe- cial feature of the sensor is that the delay lines and the electronic sys- tem are constructed in separate modules. This simplifies the inter- change of different delay lines and allows measurements to be performed when only the delay lines are at an elevated temperature (e.g., environmental monitoring and automobile emission control). The operating frequencies of the sensors are between 30 and 110 MHz. To date one sensor has a sensitivity of about 100 Hz/ppm NOZ at an op- erating frequency of 39.48 MHz with a threshold sensitivity of about 0.5 ppm.