gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous driver sizing and buffer insertion using a delay penalty estimation technique (2002)

To achieve timing closure in a placed design, buffer insertion and driver sizing are two of the most effective transforms that can be applied. Since the driver sizing solution and the buffer insertion solution affect each other, sub-optimal solutions may result if these techniques are applied sequentially instead of simultaneously. We show how to simply extend van Ginneken's buffer insertion algorithm to simultaneously incorporate driver sizing and introduce the idea of a delay penalty to encapsulate the effect of driver sizing on the previous stage. The delay penalty can be pre-computed efficiently via dynamic programming. Experimental results show that using driver sizing with a delay penalty function obtains designs with superior timing and area characteristics.
Experimental study of non-binary LDPC coding for long-haul coherent optical QPSK transmissions (2011)

The performance of rate-0.8 4-ary LDPC code has been studied in a 50 GHz-spaced 40 Gb/s DWDM system with PDM-QPSK modulation. The net effective coding gain of 10 dB is obtained at BER of 10(-6). With the aid of time-interleaving polarization multiplexing and MAP detection, 10,560 km transmission over legacy dispersion managed fiber is achieved without any countable errors. The proposed nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC code achieves an uncoded BER threshold at 4×10(-2). Potential issues like phase ambiguity and coding length are also discussed when implementing LDPC in current coherent optical systems.
Inhibition of substrate synthesis as a strategy for glycolipid lysosomal storage disease therapy (2001)

The glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage diseases are caused by mutations in the genes encoding the glycohydrolases that catabolize GSLs within lysosomes. In these diseases the substrate for the defective enzyme accumulates in the lysosome and the stored GSL leads to cellular dysfunction and disease. The diseases frequently have a progressive neurodegenerative course. The therapeutic options for treating these diseases are relatively limited, and for the majority there are no effective therapies. The problem is further compounded by difficulties in delivering therapeutic agents to the brain. Most research effort to date has focused on strategies for augmenting enzyme levels to compensate for the underlying defect. These include bone marrow transplantation (BMT), enzyme replacement and gene therapy. An alternative strategy that we have been exploring is substrate deprivation. This approach aims to balance the rate of GSL synthesis with the impaired rate of GSL breakdown. The imino sugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) inhibits the first step in GSL biosynthesis and has been used to evaluate this approach. Studies in an asymptomatic mouse model of Tay-Sachs disease have shown that substrate deprivation prevents GSL storage in the CNS. In a severe neurodegenerative mouse model of Sandhoff disease, substrate deprivation delayed the onset of symptoms and disease progression and significantly increased life expectancy. Combining NB-DNJ and BMT was found to be synergistic in the Sandhoff mouse model. A clinical trial in type I Gaucher disease has been undertaken and has shown beneficial effects. Efficacy was demonstrated on the basis of significant decreases in liver and spleen volumes, gradual but significant improvement in haematological parameters and disease activity markers, together with diminished GSL biosynthesis and storage as determined by independent biochemical assays. Further trials in type I Gaucher disease are in progress; studies are planned in patients with GSL storage in the CNS.
Photonic Recurrent Ising Sampler (2019)

We present the Photonic Recurrent Ising Sampler (PRIS), an algorithm tailored for photonic parallel networks, that can sample distributions of arbitrary Ising problems. The PRIS finds the ground state of general Ising problems and probes critical exponents of universality classes. © 2019 The Author(s)
Comments on "Compression of 3D Point Clouds Using a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform" (2018)

The recently introduced coder based on region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) for the compression of point clouds attributes, was shown to have a performance competitive with the state-of-the-art, while being much less complex. In the paper "Compression of 3D Point Clouds Using a Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform", top performance was achieved using arithmetic coding (AC), while adaptive run-length Golomb-Rice (RLGR) coding was presented as a lower-performance lower-complexity alternative. However, we have found that by reordering the RAHT coefficients we can largely increase the runs of zeros and significantly increase the performance of the RLGR-based RAHT coder. As a result, the new coder, using ordered coefficients, was shown to outperform all other coders, including AC-based RAHT, at an even lower computational cost. We present new results and plots that should enhance those in the work of Queiroz and Chou to include the new results for RLGR-RAHT. We risk to say, based on the results herein, that RLGR-RAHT with sorted coefficients is the new state-of-the-art in point cloud compression.
The consequences of selective inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) tyrosine705 phosphorylation by phosphopeptide mimetic prodrugs targeting the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain (2012)

Herein we review our progress on the development of phosphopeptide-based prodrugs targeting the SH2 domain of STAT3 to prevent recruitment to cytokine and growth factor receptors, activation, nuclear translocation and transcription of genes involved in cancer. We developed high affinity phosphopeptides (K I = 46-200 nM). Corresponding prodrugs inhibited constitutive and IL-6 induced Tyr705 phosphorylation at 0.5-1 μM in a variety of human cancer cell lines. They were not cytotoxic at 5 μM in vitro but they inhibited tumor growth in a human xenograft breast cancer model in mice, accompanied by reduced VEGF expression and angiogenesis.
Efficient color space-based compression scheme for endoscopic images (2012)

A discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) based image compression scheme is presented in this paper that works on a novel and low-complexity color-space designed for wireless capsule endoscopy application. The color-space, referred as YEF, is developed by analyzing the unique features of endoscopic images. A hardware friendly quantization stage is also used here to achieve higher compression. Comparing with the existing works towards endoscopic image compression, the proposed compression scheme outperforms with the average compression ratio of 83.51% and peak-signal-to-noise-ratio of 54.86 dB.
Electric field enhanced alignment of biopolymers for nonlinear applications (1995)

Oriented films of poly((gamma) -benzyl-L-glutamate), PBLG, were prepared by evaporation of solvent from solutions held in electric fields applied parallel to the film surface. Films thus aligned showed non-linear optical (NLO) activity, i.e., second harmonic generation (SHG). Order parameters calculated from FTIR spectra were correlated with second order susceptibility, and the effects of field strength, solution concentration, and molecular weight on these parameters were investigated. Alignment was observed at field strengths as low as 0.8 kV/cm, as indicated by polarized IR spectra. However, the extent of alignment as measured by IR spectra and values of the second order nonlinear susceptibility, X<SUP>(2</SUP>), depend not only on field strength but also on solution concentration and the polymer molecular weight. Optimum conditions for alignment appear to be with a molecular weight of 118,000 D and a solution concentration of 2.5% (w/w). Dried films show the typical banded structures reported for polymer films oriented by mechanical shearing stresses. We have shown that these structures extend through the dried film as laminae perpendicular to both the film surface and to the field direction.
Decellularized human liver as a natural 3D-scaffold for liver bioengineering and transplantation (2015)

Liver synthetic and metabolic function can only be optimised by the growth of cells within a supportive liver matrix. This can be achieved by the utilisation of decellularised human liver tissue. Here we demonstrate complete decellularization of whole human liver and lobes to form an extracellular matrix scaffold with a preserved architecture. Decellularized human liver cubic scaffolds were repopulated for up to 21 days using human cell lines hepatic stellate cells (LX2), hepatocellular carcinoma (Sk-Hep-1) and hepatoblastoma (HepG2), with excellent viability, motility and proliferation and remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Biocompatibility was demonstrated by either omental or subcutaneous xenotransplantation of liver scaffold cubes (5 × 5 × 5 mm) into immune competent mice resulting in absent foreign body responses. We demonstrate decellularization of human liver and repopulation with derived human liver cells. This is a key advance in bioartificial liver development.
Conflict Resolution for Heterogeneous Teams in Communication-limited Environments: A Generous Agent Approach (2019)

We present a schedule deconfliction algorithm to enhance cooperation among heterogeneous teams of autonomous agents in situations where communication is severely limited. The proposed solution, which we call the Generous Agent Algorithm (GAA), encodes human-like negotiations during conflict resolution. Individual agents propose modified schedules, vacating their most costly task from their schedules, while simultaneously augmenting their schedules with another agent's vacated task. An act of generosity, as we define it, must not increase an agent's makespan (or schedule completion time) beyond the time set by the team. Thus the GAA ensures that schedule alterations are done without degrading a team's global makespan. We present a proof of bounds on an agent's makespan after an act of generosity, as well as simulation results demonstrating the efficacy of the GAA at reducing task-redundancy and decreasing the makespan.
Singlet-State Exchange NMR Spectroscopy for the Study of Very Slow Dynamic Processes (2006)

Singlet states with lifetimes that are longer than spin-lattice relaxation times TS > T1 offer unique opportunities for studying very slow dynamic processes in solution-state NMR. A set of novel experiments can achieve broadband excitation of singlet states in pairs of coupled spins. The most elaborate of these experiments, two-dimensional singlet-state exchange spectroscopy (SS-EXSY), is independent of the offsets of the two spins, their relative chemical shifts, and their scalar couplings. The new methods open the way to study very slow chemical exchange or translational diffusion using mixing times taum = Ts >> T1. The lifetimes TS of singlet states of pairs of protons in a partially deuterated saccharide are shown to be longer than the longitudinal proton relaxation times T1 in the same compound by a factor of ca. 37.
4-N-aminoacylfortimicins E. (1979)

The conversion of fortimicin E, a minor metabolite from the Micromonospora olivoasterospora fermentation which also produces fortimicin A and fortimicin B, to four 4-N-aminoacylfortimicins E was accomplished. The new 4-N-aminoacylfortimicins E showed only weak antimicrobial activity against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms.
Evaluation Methods of Energy-Storable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

Energy-storable dye-sensitized solar cell (ES-DSSC), which possesses a unique three-electrode system composed of a photoanode, a counter electrode and a charge-storage electrode, is a practical solar rechargeable battery. The ES-DSSC is able to yield output power even in the dark after photocharging and suppress the fluctuation of the output power under the capricious solar irradiation. In this study, the evaluation methods of the ES-DSSC performances were investigated toward their practical use under various illumination conditions. The ES-DSSCs were found to be able to work even under low light intensity. Unlike conventional DSSC array, the ES-DSSC array coupled in a series connection gave a stable output voltage when one of the cells or both cells were shadowed.
Association Between <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutation and Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2014)

This large multicenter study demonstrates an independent prognostic value of BRAF V600E mutation for PTC recurrence in various clinicopathologic categories.
Correlation of wood pulp fluorescence with lignin concentration (1989)

In the paper making process, wood chips are cooked to form a pulp, which is subsequently washed, bleached, and pressed into sheets. The mechanical strength, uniformity, and amount of bleach necessary to whiten the paper all depend on the lignin concentration in the wood pulp. In this paper we report on a developmental method to excite and measure the fluorescence from wood pulp. Correlation of the fluorescence intensity with lignin concentration exhibits very good repeatability. The peak wavelength of the fluorescent emission is 429 ± 3 nm which closely agrees with results obtained by other workers' observations of fluorescence from pure lignin.
Electroactive Gellan Gum/Polyaniline Spongy-Like Hydrogels (2018)

The ability of electroactive materials to influence and modulate cell behavior has been revealing great potential, especially in the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Herein, we propose PANi-GG electroactive spongy-like hydrogels as potential materials to modulate myoblast bioresponse. polyaniline (PANi) adds electroconductiviy to gellan gum (GG) spongy-like hydrogels that hold a high resemblance to the extracellular matrix (ECM), that is, water content, mechanical properties, and microarchitecture, and that can be further tuned to meet muscle tissue properties. For this purpose, PANi-GG spongy-like hydrogels were obtained by ionically cross-linking with calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) and further in situ aniline polymerization through oxidation with ammonium persulfate (APS) in a molar ratio of 1:1.05. The physicochemical characterization, surface morphology, electro-conductivity, and mechanical performance were assessed by FTIR, SEM, four-point probe technique, and compression testing, respectively. The viability and proliferation of L929 was not compromised after direct contact of PANi-GG spongy-like hydrogels with L929 cells, as determined by MTS assay and DNA quantification, respectively. C2C12 myoblasts were entrapped within the electroactive materials and cells adhered and spread. Moreover, cells proliferated along the cell culture period showing myosin expression after 7 days of culture. These results highlight that PANi-GG spongy like hydrogels are attractive candidates to be used in skeleton muscle tissue engineering.
Robust multimaterial chalcogenide fibers produced by a hybrid fiber-fabrication process (2017)

Double-crucible cane fabrication of highly purified chalcogenide-glass was combined with multimaterial thermal fiber drawing to produce robust low-loss 0.2 NA chalcogenide fibers. Optical transmission losses were shown to be less than 1.1 dB/m at wavelengths of 1.5, 2.0 and 4.6 μm. Fiber transmission > 97% at the 1.5 μm design wavelength was demonstrated using single-layer anti-reflection coatings that were durable under temperature, humidity and abrasion tests. Tensile-strength tests proved that the mechanical strength of the fiber was improved by a factor of 1000 compared to a jacket-free chalcogenide fiber. Multiwatt power transmission in single mode fiber was demonstrated.
Decomposing polygon meshes for interactive applications (2001)

This paper discusses an efficient and effective framework to decompose polygon meshes into components. This is useful in various interactive graphics applications, such as, mesh editing, establishing correspondence between objects for morphing, computation of bounding volume hierarchy for collision detection and ray tracing. In this paper, we formalize the notion of a component as a sub-volume of an object with homogeneous geometric and topological features. Next, we describe the proposed framework, which adapts the idea of edge contraction and space sweeping to decompose an object automatically. Finally, we demonstrate an application of this framework to improve bounding volume hierarchies constructed by state-of-theart collision detection systems such as RAPID and QuickCD.
Electrical detection of current generated spin in topological insulator surface states: Role of interface resistance (2018)

Current generated spin polarization in topological insulator (TI) surface states due to spin-momentum locking has been detected recently using ferromagnet/tunnel barrier contacts, where the projection of the TI spin onto the magnetization of the ferromagnet is measured as a voltage. However, opposing signs of the spin voltage have been reported, which had been tentatively attributed to the coexistence of trivial two-dimensional electron gas states on the TI surface which may exhibit opposite current-induced polarization than that of the TI Dirac surface states. Models based on electrochemical potential have been presented to determine the sign of the spin voltage expected for the TI surface states. However, these models neglect critical experimental parameters which also affect the sign measured. Here we present a Mott two-spin current resistor model which takes into account these parameters such as spin-dependent interface resistances, and show that such inclusion can lead to a crossing of the voltage potential profiles for the spin-up and spin-down electrons within the channel, which can lead to measured spin voltages of either sign. These findings offer a resolution of the ongoing controversy regarding opposite signs of spin signal reported in the literature, and highlight the importance of including realistic experimental parameters in the model.
Sensitivity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic determinants of Treponema pallidum Nichols in the diagnosis of syphilis (1984)

Murine anti-Treponema pallidum monoclonal antibodies were employed in studies on sensitivity and specificity of binding to examine their potential for use in the detection of low numbers of pathogenic treponemes present in various body fluids. Monoclonal antibodies were used as a primary antibody source in a solid-phase immunoblot assay system. All monoclonal antibodies assayed were capable of detecting ca. 1.0 X 10(3) to 2.5 X 10(3) treponemes. Of 13 monoclonal antibodies examined, 3 were able to detect 10(3) virulent treponemes, and 1 of these antibodies was able to reveal the presence of as few as 500 organisms. Western blot analyses showed that all anti-T. pallidum monoclonal antibodies exhibiting high sensitivities for the detection of T. pallidum cells were directed against an abundant, 47,000-dalton surface-exposed antigen of the organism (S. A. Jones, K. S. Marchitto, J. N. Miller, and M. V. Norgard, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1984, B173, p. 46; K. S. Marchitto, S. A. Jones, and M. V. Norgard, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1984, B182, p. 48). Differences in binding properties of the various monoclonal antibodies were most likely a reflection of differential binding affinities or their specificities for different epitopes on the 47,000-dalton surface antigen. With two possible exceptions, the monoclonal antibodies tested reacted specifically with T. pallidum, either purified or found within a high-contaminating tissue background, and not with Treponema phagedenis biotype Reiter, Haemophilus ducreyi, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus type 2, or normal rabbit testicular tissue. The high sensitivity and specificity exhibited by these anti-T. pallidum monoclonal antibodies make them excellent candidates for employment in new syphilis or other treponemal diagnostic tests designed to detect very low numbers of pathogenic treponemes in lesion exudates or other body fluids.
Real-time automated thickness measurement of the in vivo human tympanic membrane using optical coherence tomography. (2015)

Real-time segmentation and thickness measurements of image data from both healthy subjects and those with acute and chronic OM demonstrate the use of OCT and this algorithm as a robust, quantitative, and accurate method for use during real-time in vivo human imaging.
Two-dimensional direction estimation of coherent signals with two parallel uniform linear arrays (2011)

In this paper, the problem of estimating two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of coherent signals is investigated, and a new computationally efficient subspace-based method is proposed for the multiple coherent narrowband signals impinging on a planar sensor array formed by two uniform linear arrays (ULAs), where the array geometry and shift invariance property of the ULA are exploited to decorrelate the coherency of incident signals, and the cross-correlations between two ULAs are used to mitigate the effect of additive noise in null space estimation, while the pair-matching of the estimated azimuth and elevation angles and computationally burdensome eigendecomposition are avoided. The asymptotic mean-square-error (MSE) expressions of the estimated azimuth and elevation angles are derived explicitly. The effectiveness of the proposed method and the theoretical analysis are substantiated through numerical examples.
Application of an optical clearing agent during noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens (2010)

Development of a noninvasive vasectomy technique may eliminate male fear of complications and result in a more popular procedure. This study explores application of an optical clearing agent (OCA) to scrotal skin to reduce laser power necessary for successful noninvasive laser vasectomy and eliminate scrotal skin burns. A mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and glycerol was noninvasively delivered into scrotal skin using a pneumatic jet device. Near-infrared laser radiation was delivered in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling to the skin surface in a canine model, ex vivo and in vivo. Burst pressure (BP) measurements were conducted to quantify strength of vas closure. A 30-min application of OCA improved skin transparency by 26+/-3%, reducing average power necessary for successful noninvasive laser vasectomy from 9.2 W without OCA (BP=291+/-31 mmHg) to 7.0 W with OCA (BP=292+/-19 mmHg). Control studies without OCA at 7.0 W failed to coagulate the vas with burst pressures (82+/-28 mmHg) significantly below typical ejaculation pressures (136+/-29 mmHg). Application of an OCA reduced the laser power necessary for successful noninvasive thermal coagulation of the vas by approximately 25%. This technique may result in use of a less expensive laser and eliminate the formation of scrotal skin burns during the procedure.