gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A modified repetitive-based controller for an active filter to compensate harmonics 6k+/&#x2212;1 (2008)

The paper presents a repetitive-based controller for a three-phase three-wire shunt active filter aimed to compensate reactive power and harmonic distortion in the case of distorted and unbalanced source voltages and load currents. The repetitive scheme used here is aimed to compensate specifically the harmonics 6 k plusmn 1 (k = 0,1,2,...,infin ) of the fundamental frequency. The scheme includes a damping gain to somehow limit the infinite gain produced, also a simple low pass filter (LPF) is included to restrict the bandwidth. However, this modifications cause inaccuracies in the frequency response, basically a considerable phase shift arises at the expected frequencies. In this work practical modifications are proposed for this scheme to minimize the negative effects caused by the introduction of the damping gains and the LPF. Experimental results in a 2 KVA prototype and experiments of the algorithm itself are provided to illustrate the merits of our solution.
Experimental demonstration of a novel update algorithm in stokes space for adaptive equalization in coherent receivers (2014)

We successfully demonstrate the application of a recently proposed adaptive butterfly equalizer update algorithm, based on error signals evaluated in Stokes space, to the processing of data from a PM-16QAM Nyquist-WDM experiment with multi-span transmission over three fiber types.
Acoustic gunshot location in complex environments: concepts and results (2008)

A gunshot location system can be implemented in complex urban environments using a distributed array of acoustic sensors. A primary difficulty in computing the source location is that unknown path obstructions in the environment interfere with the reception of the sound at the sensor, by blocking the sound entirely, by refracting the path, or by creating echoes. Other complications are created by the similarity between gunshot sounds and other less interesting urban noises, frequency-dependent absorption of sound, and possible computational difficulty when multiple gunshots generate large data sets that stress real-time analysis routines. The ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System®1, deployed in over two dozen cities in the United States, detects and locates gunfire using a network of acoustic sensors placed on rooftops and utility poles, on moving vehicles, or on personnel. This sensor network, combined with a software system to collate and compute location results from the array of sensors, accurately locates gunshot sounds in complex urban environments. A classifier discards solutions incorporating non-gunshot audio pulses produced by the complex environment. Examples of difficult detection problems, including gunshots from a moving source, show that the detection and classification algorithms described are effective at recovering useful results from signals found in real-world urban scenarios.
Comparative assessment of structural and biological properties of biomimetically coated hydroxyapatite on alumina (α‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and titanium (Ti‐6Al‐4V) alloy substrates (2010)

Previous reports have shown the use of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and related calcium phosphate coatings on metal and nonmetal substrates for preparing tissue-engineering scaffolds, especially for osteogenic differentiation. These studies have revealed that the structural properties of coated substrates are dependent significantly on the method and conditions used for coating and also whether the substrates had been modified prior to the coating. In this article, we have done a comparative evaluation of the structural features of the HAp coatings, prepared by using simulated body fluid (SBF) at 25 degrees C for various time periods, on a nonporous metal substrate titanium-aluminium-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy and a bioinert ceramic substrate alpha-alumina (alpha-Al(2)O(3)), with and without their prior treatment with the globular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). Our analysis of these substrates by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry showed significant and consistent differences in the quantitative and qualitative properties of the coatings. Interestingly, the bioactivity of these substrates in terms of supporting in vitro cell adhesion and spreading, and in vivo effects of implanted substrates, showed a predictable pattern, thus indicating that some coated substrates prepared under our conditions could be more suitable for biological/biomedical applications.
Performance-Aware Security of Unicast Communication in Hybrid Satellite Networks (2009)

In this work, we address the performance problems that arise when unicast security protocols IPSEC and SSL are applied for securing the end-to-end communication in hybrid satellite networks. Satellite networks use TCP and HTTP performance-enhancing proxy servers to overcome the adverse effect of the large delay-bandwidth product of the satellite channel. However, the proxy servers cannot function when IPSEC and SSL are used for secure unicast communication in hybrid satellite networks. We therefore propose the use of the layered IPSEC (LES) protocol as an alternative to IPSEC for network-layer security. We describe a modification to the Internet key exchange protocol if dynamic key establishment is needed for layered IPSEC. For application-level security of Web browsing with acceptable end-to-end delay, we propose the dual-mode SSL protocol (DSSL) to be used instead of SSL. We describe how LES and DSSL protocols achieve the desired end-to-end communication security while allowing the TCP and HTTP proxy servers to function correctly. Through simulation studies, we quantify the improvement in performance that is achieved using our proposed protocols, compared to traditional IPSEC and SSL.
On hierarchical modulation for satellite broadcasting (2018)

Summary This paper presents a comparative assessment of 2 multiplexing techniques for providing differentiated classes of services over a realistic broadcasting satellite channel under variable link conditions. A distinctive property of satellite broadcasting channels is the nonlinear characteristics of high power amplifier on‐board of the satellite. Hence, the conventional additive white Gaussian noise channel with average power limitation is no longer an accurate model, and nonlinear characteristics have to be taken into account. In this paper, we compare the performance of time division multiplexing techniques combined with variable coding and modulation with that of hierarchical modulations delivering contents with 2 (or more) differentiated service qualities. The goal is to maximize the throughput over a given transponder while maintaining a target service availability. We design a practical transmitter scheme based on the hierarchical modulation and maximize the throughput by optimizing the achievable mutual information for finite size constellations. This optimization is done for additive white Gaussian noise channel with both average and peak power limit and will provide a lower bound on throughput, which can be achieved by nonorthogonal multiplexing scheme. The results indicate that the gains obtained by nonorthogonal multiplexing is significant only if the required signal to noise threshold for 2 services differ by more than 10 dB. Finally, we provide the bit error ratio simulation results for some selected scenarios.
Prostate‐specific membrane antigen (1997)

BACKGROUND In an effort to discover new prostate-specific antigens (PSAs) to enhance our understanding of the functions and behavior of the prostate and the complex processes involved in prostate tumor progression, the structure and function of the PSM antigen has been elucidated. METHODS The PSM antigen was recognized using the 7E11-C5.3 monoclonal antibody, generated against the LNCaP human prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. The PSM cDNA was isolated by PCR, using tryptic peptides of immunoprecipitated PSM to design degenerate primers. RESULTS The prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM) is a 100KD glycoprotein which appears to be a type II integral membrane protein. The protein and cDNA have been extensively characterized and the findings reviewed in the report. CONCLUSIONS PSM, a new prostate antigen is valuable as a marker for hematogenous micro-metastatic tumor dissemination as detected in RT-PCR assays of peripheral blood. PSM has many properties that may be potentially useful as a molecular target in monoclonal antibody directed strategies of tumor imaging and therapy. Prostate 32:140–148, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Macrophages Activated by C-Reactive Protein through FcγRI Transfer Suppression of Immune Thrombocytopenia (2009)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein with therapeutic activity in mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To determine the mechanism by which CRP suppresses immune complex disease, an adoptive transfer system was developed in a model of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Injection of 200 microg of CRP 24 h before induction of ITP markedly decreased thrombocytopenia induced by anti-CD41. CRP-treated splenocytes also provided protection from ITP in adoptive transfer. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 200 microg/ml CRP for 30 min, washed, and injected into mice 24 h before induction of ITP. Injection of 10(6) CRP-treated splenocytes protected mice from thrombocytopenia, as did i.v. Ig-treated but not BSA-treated splenocytes. The suppressive cell induced by CRP was found to be a macrophage by depletion, enrichment, and the use of purified bone marrow-derived macrophages. The induction of protection by CRP-treated cells was dependent on FcRgamma-chain and Syk activation, indicating an activating effect of CRP on the donor cell. Suppression of ITP by CRP-treated splenocytes required Fc gamma RI on the donor cell and Fc gamma RIIb in the recipient mice. These findings suggest that CRP generates suppressive macrophages through Fc gamma RI, which then act through an Fc gamma RIIb-dependent pathway in the recipient to decrease platelet clearance. These results provide insight into the mechanism of CRP regulatory activity in autoimmunity and suggest a potential new therapeutic approach to ITP.
Closed‐loop recycling of additive manufacturing waste for value‐added automotive foam applications (2023)

Abstract Polyurethane (PU) foams are used in various automotive applications due to their low cost and weight and highly tunable mechanical and physical properties. This article explores the effect of adding recycled thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) and recycled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) powder collected from 3D printing waste as filler material on thermal stability and mechanical, physical, and sound absorption properties of flexible PU foam. The incorporation of TPE powder at low filler content, 2.5 wt%, increased the compression modulus by over 140%, tear resistance by over 25%, and Young's Modulus by 50% compared to the control. The addition of 2.5 wt% TPU powder increased the compression modulus by 61%, tear resistance by 31%, and Young's Modulus by 84%. The addition of TPU powder at 2.5 wt% showed improvement in sound absorption of plane waves (up to 20% at 2500 Hz) for a frequency range of 50–3500 Hz. Adding an additive manufacturing waste stream into PU foam as a filler reduced waste to landfill and created a superior foam product. This article exemplifies the benefits of creating a closed‐loop plastic industry to improve polymer materials and protect the earth.
Large room-temperature intergrain magnetoresistance in double perovskite SrFe1−x(Mo or Re)xO3 (1999)

We report significant intergrain magnetoresistance (IMR) in polycrystalline double perovskites of SrFe1−x(Mo or Re)xO3 at room temperature. Systematics of the temperature dependence of IMR indicates that the observed large room-temperature IMR in SrFe1/2Mo1/2O3 originates from the ferrimagnetic nature of insulating grain boundaries as well as the half-metallicity of this perovskite. Our results indicate that a new avenue for spin-polarized tunneling junctions is to utilize insulating interface layers with ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic coupling.
Transparent conducting thin films of GaInO3 (1994)

GaInO3 is recently identified transparent conducting material which is structurally and chemically distinct from indium tin oxide [R. J. Cava, J. M. Phillips, J. Kwo, G. A. Thomas, R. B. van Dover, S. A. Carter, J. J. Krajewski, W. F. Peck, Jr., J. H. Marshall, and D. H. Rapkine, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 2071 (1994)]. We have used both dc reactive sputtering in the on- and off-axis geometries and pulsed laser deposition to grow films of this material. Layers of pure GaInO3 as well as those partially substituted with Ge for Ga or Sn for In have been studied. Both growth techniques are capable of producing films with conductivity ∼400 (Ω cm)−1 and transmission as high as 90% throughout the visible spectrum for ∼1-μm-thick films. The growth techniques differ in the morphology of the films produced as well as in the degree of dopant incorporation that can be achieved. A post-growth anneal in H2 can help produce an optimized oxygen content and a reduction of resistivity. Hall measurements indicate a carrier concentration up to 4×1020 cm−3 for all films and a Hall mobility up to 10 cm2/(V s). Doping appears to be due both to oxygen vacancies and aliovalent ion substitution.
Hybrid multilevel power conversion system: a competitive solution for high power applications (2003)

Use of multilevel inverters is becoming popular in recent years for high power applications. Various topologies and modulation strategies have been investigated for utility and drive applications in literature. Trends in power semiconductor technology indicate a trade-off in the selection of power devices in terms of switching frequency and voltage sustaining capability. New power converter topologies permit modular realization of multilevel inverters using a hybrid approach involving integrated gate commutated thyristors (IGCT) and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) operating in synergism. This paper is devoted to the investigation of a hybrid multilevel power conversion system typically suitable for high performance, high power applications. This system designed for 4.16 kV, /spl ges/100 hp load comprises of a hybrid seven-level inverter, a diode bridge rectifier and an IGBT rectifier per phase. The IGBT rectifier is used on the utility side as a real power flow regulator to the low voltage converter and as a harmonic compensator for the high voltage converter. The hybrid seven-level inverter on the load side consists of a high voltage, slow switching IGCT inverter and a low voltage, fast switching IGBT inverter. By employing different devices under different operating conditions, it is shown that one can optimize the power conversion capability of entire system. A detailed analysis of a novel hybrid modulation technique for the inverter, which incorporates stepped synthesis in conjunction with variable pulse width of the consecutive steps is included. In addition, performance of a multilevel current regulated delta modulator as applied to the single phase full bridge IGBT rectifier is discussed. Detailed computer simulations accompanied with experimental verification are presented in the paper.
Metasurface Engaged with a Plasmonic Spiral Achieve Super Functional Lensing (2015)

We realized metasurface spiral plasmonic lenses, mitigating efficiency and functionality issues of conventional plasmonic lenses. The lens enhances the efficiency of linear-polarization-invariant focusing and enhances even further the efficiency of high contrast, circular dichroic detection.
Using quantum emulation for advanced computation (2017)

A novel concept for advanced computation is considered using an analog electronic emulation of a gate-based quantum computer. We discuss a general classes of problems for which such a device is well suited, examine the expected computational speedup versus bandwidth, and describe the measured performance of a small-scale hardware prototype.
Confirmation of the ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene as a risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (1994)

Family studies indicate a possible linkage between the q13.2 region of chromosome 19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). An isoform of apolipoprotein E, whose gene maps in this region, is more frequent in AD. In this study, we investigated the possible association of a genetic polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene with late-onset AD. We compared apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution between patients with sporadic late-onset AD (n = 36) and controls of the same age (n = 38). Individuals carrying at least one epsilon 4 allele were present in 41.7% of the patients, compared with only 10.5% of the controls (p < 0.001). This result indicates an association between late-onset AD and the 19q13.2 region containing the apolipoprotein E gene locus.
Regeneration of Ammonia Borane Spent Fuel by Direct Reaction with Hydrazine and Liquid Ammonia (2011)

Ammonia borane (H(3)N-BH(3), AB) is a lightweight material containing a high density of hydrogen (H(2)) that can be readily liberated for use in fuel cell-powered applications. However, in the absence of a straightforward, efficient method for regenerating AB from dehydrogenated polymeric spent fuel, its full potential as a viable H(2) storage material will not be realized. We demonstrate that the spent fuel type derived from the removal of greater than two equivalents of H(2) per molecule of AB (i.e., polyborazylene, PB) can be converted back to AB nearly quantitatively by 24-hour treatment with hydrazine (N(2)H(4)) in liquid ammonia (NH(3)) at 40°C in a sealed pressure vessel.
Purification and properties of (<i>S</i>)‐tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase from suspension‐cultured cells of <i>Berberis wilsoniae</i> (1988)

A novel oxidase, catalyzing in the presence of oxygen the removal of four hydrogen atoms from a number of tetrahydroprotoberberines with simultaneous production of 1 mol H2O2 and H2O each, has been discovered and purified to homogeneity from Berberis wilsoniae cell cultures. This enzyme, (S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine oxidase, exhibited strict specificity for the (S)-enantiomer of tetrahydroprotoberberines and 1-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, a pH optimum at 8.9, a molecular mass of 105 kDa and consisted of two subunits each of 53 kDa and covalently bound flavin. The Km values for (S)-scoulerine and (S)-norreticuline were 25 microM and 150 microM respectively. Concentration of the end-products, either protoberberines or H2O2, greater than 0.5 mM caused severe enzyme inhibition. This catalyst was responsible for the conversion of (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine to the key intermediate, columbamine, in the metabolic pathway leading to berberine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine.
Efficient Gradient Computation for Conditional Gaussian Models. (2005)

We introduce Recursive Exponential Mixed Models (REMMs) and derive the gradient of the parameters for the incomplete-data likelihood. We demonstrate how one can use probabilistic inference in Conditional Gaussian (CG) graphical models, a special case of REMMs, to compute the gradient for a CG model. We also demonstrate that this approach can yield simple and effective algorithms for computing the gradient for models with tied parameters and illustrate this approach on stochastic ARMA models.
Bottleneck removal algorithm for dynamic compaction in sequential circuits (1997)

We present a dynamic algorithm for test sequence compaction and test application time (TAT) reduction in combinational and sequential circuits. Several dynamic test compaction algorithms for combinational circuits have been proposed. However, few dynamic methods have been reported in the literature for sequential circuits. Our algorithm is based on two key ideas: (1) at any point during the test generation process, we identify bottlenecks that prevent vector compaction and TAT reduction for test sequences generated thus far, and (2) future test sequences are generated with an aim to eliminate bottlenecks of earlier generated test sequences. If all bottlenecks of a test sequence are eliminated, the sequence is dropped from the test set. Our algorithm can also target TAT reduction under the recently proposed partial scan-in/scan-out model by identifying and eliminating scan bottlenecks. If only the scan bottlenecks of a test sequence are eliminated, the test sequence can be trimmed to reduce the scan-in/scan-out cycles required to apply the sequence. For sequential circuits, we propose a sliding anchor frame technique to specify the unspecified inputs in a test sequence. The anchor frame is the first frame processed by a sequential test generator that is based on an iterative array model of the circuit, and the vector corresponding to the anchor frame is called the anchor vector. Under the sliding anchor frame technique, every vector in the test sequence being extended is considered as an anchor vector. This has the same effect as allowing observation of fault effects at every vector in the sequence, leading to a higher quality of compaction. The final test set generated by our algorithm cannot be further compacted using many known static vector compaction or TAT reduction techniques. For example, reverse or any other order of fault simulation, along with any specification of unspecified values in test sequences, cannot further reduce the number of vectors or TAT. Experimental results on combinational and sequential benchmark circuits, and large production VLSI circuits are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Data collection and restoration for heterogeneous process migration (2002)

This study presents a practical solution for data collection and restoration to migrate a process written in high level stack-based languages such as C and Fortran over a network of heterogeneous computers. We study a logical data model which recognizes complex data structures in process address space. Then, novel methods are developed to incorporate the model into a process and to collect and restore data efficiently. We have implemented a prototype software and performed experiments on different programs. Experimental and analytical results show that (I) a user-level process can be migrated across different computing platforms, (2) semantic information of data structures in the process's memory space can be correctly collected and restored, (3) the costs of data collection and restoration depend on the complexity of the logical model representing the process's data structures and the amount of data involved and (4) the implantation of the data collection and restoration mechanisms into the process is not a decisive factor of incurring execution overheads; with appropriate program analysis, we can achieve practically low overhead.
Strontium Oxide Tunnel Barriers for High Quality Spin Transport and Large Spin Accumulation in Graphene (2017)

The quality of the tunnel barrier at the ferromagnet/graphene interface plays a pivotal role in graphene spin valves by circumventing the impedance mismatch problem, decreasing interfacial spin dephasing mechanisms and decreasing spin absorption back into the ferromagnet. It is thus crucial to integrate superior tunnel barriers to enhance spin transport and spin accumulation in graphene. Here, we employ a novel tunnel barrier, strontium oxide (SrO), onto graphene to realize high quality spin transport as evidenced by room-temperature spin relaxation times exceeding a nanosecond in graphene on silicon dioxide substrates. Furthermore, the smooth and pinhole-free SrO tunnel barrier grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), which can withstand large charge injection current densities, allows us to experimentally realize large spin accumulation in graphene at room temperature. This work puts graphene on the path to achieve efficient manipulation of nanomagnet magnetization using spin currents in graphene for logic and memory applications.