gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of α‐Gal–Antibody Conjugates to Increase Immune Response by Recruiting Natural Antibodies (2019)

Cancer treatment with antibodies (Abs) is one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for obtaining high selectivity. In this study, α-gal-Ab conjugates were developed that dramatically increased cellular cytotoxicity by recruiting natural Abs through the interaction between α-gal and anti-gal Abs. The potency of the α-gal-Ab conjugates depended on the amount of α-gal conjugated to the antibody: the larger the amount of α-gal introduced, the higher the level of cytotoxicity observed. The conjugation of antibodies with an α-gal dendrimer allowed the introduction of large amounts of α-gal to the Ab, without loss of affinity for the target cell. The method described here will enable the re-development of Abs to improve their potency.
Size Exclusion Chromatography with Low-Angle Laser Light-Scattering Detection (1984)

Linear block polymers of styrene-co-isoprene and styrene-co-butadiene were prepared via anionic polymerization and subsequently were coupled with divinyl benzene to give multi-arm macromolecules. Low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) was used for molecular weight measurement both in the stand-alone (static) mode and as a detector coupled to SEC. No dependence of the weight average molecular weight (Mw ) on solvent was found, which is consistent with light scattering theory for compositionally homogeneous block polymers. Comparison of SEC/LALLS data for both the linear and branched species shows the strong effect of branching upon the hydrodynamic volume/molecular weight relationship. The data indicate the multi-arm samples are of relatively small molecular weight polydispersity, with a weight-average branching functionality of 16-18. Use was made of the universal calibration and SEC/LALLS data to calculate the branched/linear intrinsic viscosity ratio through the molecular weight distribution of the multiarm samples; an anomalous dependence on molecular weight was found. Difficulties with the universal calibration procedure or sample viscosity effects are discussed as possible causes.
Extremely thermostable D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the eubacterium Thermotoga maritima (1990)

D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Thermotoga maritima, a hyperthermophilic eubacterium, has been isolated in pure crystalline form. The enzyme is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular mass of 37 kDa. The sedimentation coefficient of the native enzyme is 7.3 X 10(-13)s, the isoelectric point is 4.6, and the specific absorption coefficient A1%, 1cm 280nm = 8.4. The enzyme shows extreme thermal stability: differential scanning calorimetry yields a transition temperature (Tm) of 109 degrees C for the NAD-saturated enzyme. Thermal deactivation occurs at T greater than 90 degrees C. The physicochemical characteristics of the enzyme suggest that its gross structure must be very similar to the structure of GAPDHs from mesophilic sources. The amino acid composition does not confirm the known "traffic rules" of thermal adaptation, apart from the Lys----Arg exchange. One reactive and at least two buried SH groups can be titrated with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate). The highly reactive SH group is probably the active-site cysteine residue common to all known GAPDHs. The activation energy of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxidation reaction decreases with increasing temperature. This functional behavior can be correlated with the temperature-dependent changes of both the intrinsic fluorescence and the near-UV circular dichroism; both indicate a temperature-dependent structural reorganization of the enzyme. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange reveals significantly increased rigidity of the thermophilic enzyme if compared to mesophilic GAPDHs at 25 degrees C, thus indicating that the conformational flexibility is similar at the corresponding physiological temperatures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trigonal mercuric complex of an aliphatic thiolate: a spectroscopic and structural model for the receptor site in the mercury(II) biosensor MerR (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrigonal mercuric complex of an aliphatic thiolate: a spectroscopic and structural model for the receptor site in the mercury(II) biosensor MerRStephen P. Watton, Jeffrey G. Wright, Frederick M. MacDonnell, James W. Bryson, Michal Sabat, and Thomas V. O'HalloranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 7, 2824–2826Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00163a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An efficient negative acknowledgement-based transport protocol in 802.11 media streaming (2014)

This paper considers the use of negative acknowledgement (NACK)–based transport layer protocols in video transmission over 802.11 networks. A study of various transport layer protocols that utilise NACK to acknowledge packet loss is presented. A new NACK packet scheduling is introduced to enhance the retransmission performance. A mathematical model and analysis are presented to compare protocol performances in relation to delay and packet loss. The analysis is then confirmed through simulations using the NS–2 simulator. Furthermore, this paper presents the outcomes of an experiment to verify the analysis and simulation results. The results show that reducing the number of NACK packets within one video frame could reduce effective loss rate and delay.
SLA brokering and bandwidth reservation negotiation schemes for QoS-aware internet (2005)

We present a novel Service Level Agreement (SLA)-driven service provisioning architecture, which enables dynamic and flexible bandwidth reservation schemes on a per-user or per-application basis. Various session level SLA negotiation schemes involving bandwidth allocation, service start time and service duration parameters are introduced and analyzed. The results show that these negotiation schemes can be utilized for the benefit of both end users and network providers in achieving the highest individual SLA optimization in terms of key Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and price. The inherent characteristics of software agents such as autonomy, adaptability and social abilities offer many advantages in this dynamic, complex, and distributed network environment especially when performing Service Level Agreements (SLA) definition negotiations and brokering tasks. This article also presents a service broker prototype based on Fujitsu's Phoenix Open Agent Mediator (OAM) agent technology, which was used to demonstrate a range of SLA brokering scenarios.
Quaternized Chitosan-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for Controlled Pesticide Release (2016)

Nanotechnology-based pesticide formulations would ensure effective utilization of agricultural inputs. In the present work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with particle diameters of ~110 nm and pore sizes of ~3.7 nm were synthesized via a liquid crystal templating mechanism. A water-soluble chitosan (CS) derivative (<i>N</i>-(2-hydroxyl)propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium CS chloride, HTCC) was successfully capped on the surface of pyraclostrobin-loaded MSNs. The physicochemical and structural analyses showed that the electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding were the major forces responsible for the formation of HTCC-capped MSNs. HTCC coating greatly improved the loading efficiency (LC) (to 40.3%) compared to using bare MSNs as a single encapsulant (26.7%). The microstructure of the nanoparticles was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pyraclostrobin-loaded nanoparticles showed an initial burst and subsequent sustained release behavior. HTCC-capped MSNs released faster than bare MSNs in the initial stage. Pyraclostrobin-loaded HTCC-capped MSNs with half doses of pyraclostrobin technical demonstrated almost the same fungicidal activity against <i>Phomopsis asparagi</i> (Sacc.), which obviously reduced the applied pesticide and enhanced the utilization efficiency. Therefore, HTCC-decorated MSNs demonstrated great potential as nanocarriers in agrochemical applications.
Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Human Misshapen/Nck Interacting Kinase-related Kinase, hMINKβ (2004)

Misshapen/NIKs-related kinase (MINK) is a member of the germinal center family of kinases that are homologous to the yeast sterile 20 (Ste20) kinases and regulate a wide variety of cellular processes, including cell morphology, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and survival. Here, we present the cloning and functional characterization of a novel human Misshapen/NIKs-related kinase beta (hMINK beta) that encodes a polypeptide of 1312 amino acids. hMINK beta is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues with at least five alternatively spliced isoforms. Similar to Nck interacting kinase (NIK) and Traf2 and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), hMINK beta moderately activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and associates with Nck via the intermediate domain in the yeast two-hybrid system and in a glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay. Interestingly, overexpression of the kinase domain deleted and kinase-inactive mutants of hMINK beta in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells enhanced cell spreading, actin stress fiber formation, and adhesion to extracellular matrix, as well as decreased cell motility and cell invasion. Furthermore, these mutants also promoted cell-cell adhesion in human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells, evidenced with cell growth in clusters and increased membrane localization of beta-catenin, a multifunctional protein involved in E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Finally, hMINK beta protein was found to colocalize with the Golgi apparatus, implicating that hMINK beta might exert its functions, at least in part, through the modulation of intracellular protein transport. Taken together, these results suggest that hMINK beta plays an important role in cytoskeleton reorganization, cell adhesion, and cell motility.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline, using Different Dopant, for Sensing Application of Pollutant Gases (2016)

Conducting polymers have been attracting considerable attention of researchers worldwide since 1980, due to their unique electrical, optical, thermal and magnetic properties. Among these polymers, polyaniline (PAni) is most popular as it can be synthesized for specific applications like rechargeable batteries, bio-sensors, corrosion paintings, organic electronic materials, EMI shielding, light emitting diodes etc. In this paper, we report synthesis of conducting polyaniline using different dopants such as HCL, HCLO\(_4\), HNO\(_3\) and H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) by oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline. The synthesized polyaniline materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Ultra-Violate (UV-VIS) Spectroscopy techniques.
Evaluation of once daily tobramycin dosing in critically ill patients through Bayesian simulation (2004)

The results from the current study explain why weight-based daily dosing of tobramycin in critically ill patients with Clcr>60 mL/min achieved the Cpeak/MIC target values of 10. However in critically ill patients with Clcr>80 mL/min, T<MIC is greater than the aminoglycoside post-antibiotic effect, so these patients do not attain the secondary pharmacodynamic index. These data show the need for rapid pharmacokinetic optimization with individualized aminoglycoside dosing. Additional studies are necessary to better define the best tobramycin regimen for critically ill patients.
Designing a sociable robot system forweight maintenance (2006)

Human-robot interaction research is maturing to the point where we can build systems that interact with people in their daily lives and provide support for particular needs. We propose a sociable robot system to help people who are losing weight to better track their progress. We describe related work in sociable robotics and ubiquitous computing and define the term sociable robot systems as systems that comprise a sociable robot, other technological devices, methods for interaction, and methods for relationship creation and maintenance. The system currently being implemented is described as well as the plans for testing the system in a real-world setting.
Cross faults in extensional settings: Stress triggering, displacement localization, and implications for the origin of blunt troughs at Valles Marineris, Mars (2003)

Motivated by conflicting interpretations concerning the origin of blunt terminations of troughs at Valles Marineris, Mars, we investigate the reactivation of preexisting cross faults in response to stress changes associated with slippage along a major, basin‐bounding normal fault (i.e., border fault). Coulomb stress changes indicate that cross fault reactivation is possible in both the footwalls and hanging walls of border faults, although this is dependent on the distance between the border and cross faults. Cross faults accommodate dip‐slip normal motion for most border fault geometries and conditions we tested, but strike‐slip motions are predicted when preexisting cross faults are vertical. Furthermore, although lateral extensions of the border fault (LEBFs) may nucleate within cross fault footwalls at all stages of border fault development, they are favored to develop when border faults and cross fault tip lines are proximal. Observations from the Valles Marineris extensional province, Mars, are consistent with (1) normal displacements along cross faults, (2) numerous examples of pit‐chains, interpreted to represent surface expressions of lateral extensions to the border fault (LEBF), (3) the lack of well‐developed cross faults in the footwall of border faults, and (4) the inference that tapered trough ends formed in areas that lacked cross faults prior to the main phase of extension at Valles Marineris. We suggest a new sequence of deformation that accounts for the formation of blunt‐trough terminations during the major phase of Valles Marineris extension: coeval and locally bidirectional extension, that results from local stress field changes associated with border fault growth in a dominantly unidirectional remote (extensional) strain field. By implication, many of the irregular closed troughs such as Hebes Chasma are better interpreted as grabens rather than collapse depressions.
Dose‐response for analgesic effect of amitriptyline in chronic pain (1993)

A randomised, double-blind, multiple dose, crossover study with three 3-week treatment periods was set up to compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of amitriptyline in oral doses of 25, 50 or 75 mg. Patients used diaries to assess their pain, and clinic assessments were made at the end of each treatment period. It was found that in 29 patients with chronic (more than 2 months) pain, amitriptyline 75 mg provided significantly greater efficacy than amitriptyline 25 or 50 mg. There was no significant difference in mood scores between the different doses of amitriptyline, but sleep was judged significantly better with 75 mg compared with 25 mg. The incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher with the 75 mg dose, and the principal adverse effects were dry mouth and drowsiness. In the context of chronic pain, the analgesic effect of amitriptyline was shown to have a dose-response unrelated to mood elevation, but there was a dose-response for the incidence of adverse effects.
An Improved Process for the Synthesis and Isolation of (<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-(1-Phenylethyl)hydroxylamine (2008)

A three-step, single-solvent telescoped process amenable to the large-scale manufacture of (S)-N-(1-phenylethyl)hydroxylamine p-toluenesulfonic acid salt is reported. This synthetic protocol has been applied to the preparation of other chiral hydroxylamines.
HGF/c-Met Acts as an Alternative Angiogenic Pathway in Sunitinib-Resistant Tumors (2010)

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying resistance/low responsiveness to antiangiogenic compounds are under extensive investigations. Both populations of tumor and stroma (nontumor compartment) seem to contribute in inherent/acquired resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Here, investigating in vivo efficacy of sunitinib in experimental models resulted in the identification of tumors that were resistant/sensitive to the therapy. Analysis of tumor protein lysates indicated a greater concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in resistant tumors than in sensitive ones. In addition, using flow cytometry, c-Met expression was found to be significantly higher in endothelial cells than in tumor cells, suggesting that HGF might target the vascular endothelial cells in resistant tumors. Combination of sunitinib and a selective c-Met inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with sunitinib or c-Met inhibitor alone in resistant tumors. Histology and in vitro analyses suggested that combination treatment mainly targeted the vasculature in the resistant tumors. Conversely, systemic injection of HGF in the sensitive tumor models conferred resistance to sunitinib through maintenance of tumor angiogenesis. In conclusion, our study indicates a role for HGF/c-Met pathway in development of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and suggests a potential strategy to circumvent resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the clinic.
The labor economics of paid crowdsourcing (2010)

We present a model of workers supplying labor to paid crowdsourcing projects. We also introduce a novel method for estimating a worker's reservation wage - the key parameter in our labor supply model. We tested our model by presenting experimental subjects with real-effort work scenarios that varied in the offered payment and difficulty. As predicted, subjects worked less when the pay was lower. However, they did not work less when the task was more time-consuming. Interestingly, at least some subjects appear to be "target earners," contrary to the assumptions of the rational model. The strongest evidence for target earning is an observed preference for earning total amounts evenly divisible by 5, presumably because these amounts make good targets. Despite its predictive failures, we calibrate our model with data pooled from both experiments. We find that the reservation wages of our sample are approximately log normally distributed, with a median wage of $1.38/hour. We discuss how to use our calibrated model in applications.
Phenazinium Salt-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amidation of Aromatic Aldehydes (2014)

Amides are prevalent in organic synthesis. Developing an efficient synthesis that avoids expensive oxidants and heating is highly desirable. Here the oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes is reported using an inexpensive metal-free visible light photocatalyst, phenazine ethosulfate, at low catalytic loading (1-2 mol %). The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature and uses air as the sole oxidant. The operationally easy procedure provides an economical, green, and mild alternative for the formation of amide bonds.
Mechanosignaling through YAP and TAZ drives fibroblast activation and fibrosis (2014)

Pathological fibrosis is driven by a feedback loop in which the fibrotic extracellular matrix is both a cause and consequence of fibroblast activation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. Here we identify yes-associated protein (YAP) (homolog of drosophila Yki) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) (also known as Wwtr1), transcriptional effectors of the Hippo pathway, as key matrix stiffness-regulated coordinators of fibroblast activation and matrix synthesis. YAP and TAZ are prominently expressed in fibrotic but not healthy lung tissue, with particularly pronounced nuclear expression of TAZ in spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells. In culture, both YAP and TAZ accumulate in the nuclei of fibroblasts grown on pathologically stiff matrices but not physiologically compliant matrices. Knockdown of YAP and TAZ together in vitro attenuates key fibroblast functions, including matrix synthesis, contraction, and proliferation, and does so exclusively on pathologically stiff matrices. Profibrotic effects of YAP and TAZ operate, in part, through their transcriptional target plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which is regulated by matrix stiffness independent of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Immortalized fibroblasts conditionally expressing active YAP or TAZ mutant proteins overcome soft matrix limitations on growth and promote fibrosis when adoptively transferred to the murine lung, demonstrating the ability of fibroblast YAP/TAZ activation to drive a profibrotic response in vivo. Together, these results identify YAP and TAZ as mechanoactivated coordinators of the matrix-driven feedback loop that amplifies and sustains fibrosis.
Progression of cell cycle monitored by dielectric spectroscopy and flow-cytometric analysis of DNA content (2000)

A dielectric method has already been developed for the real-time monitoring of cell cycle progression in synchronized cell culture (Asami et al., 1999). This method, in combination with DNA content analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), was applied to the synchronized cell culture of a CDC28-13th mutant (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In synchronous cell growth, relative permittivity epsilon (or dielectric constant) for the culture broth showed cyclic changes at low frequencies below 0.5 MHz, being correlated to phases in the cell cycle that were simultaneously determined by FACS. The epsilon increased in the period from S phase to G(2) phase and decreased between M and G(1) phases. Peaks in these cyclic changes of epsilon indicated the time when daughter cells segregated from mother cells.