gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do Substance P and Neurokinin A Play Important Roles in the Control of LH Secretion in Ewes? (2016)

There is now general agreement that neurokinin B (NKB) acts via neurokinin-3-receptor (NK3R) to stimulate secretion of GnRH and LH in several species, including rats, mice, sheep, and humans. However, the roles of two other tachykinins, substance P (SP) and neurokinin A, which act primarily via NK1R and NK2R, respectively, are less clear. In rodents, these signaling pathways can stimulate LH release and substitute for NKB signaling; in humans, SP is colocalized with kisspeptin and NKB in the mediobasal hypothalamus. In this study, we examined the possible role of these tachykinins in control of the reproductive axis in sheep. Immunohistochemistry was used to describe the expression of SP and NK1R in the ovine diencephalon and determine whether these proteins are colocalized in kisspeptin or GnRH neurons. SP-containing cell bodies were largely confined to the arcuate nucleus, but NK1R-immunoreactivity was more widespread. However, there was very low coexpression of SP or NK1R in kisspeptin cells and none in GnRH neurons. We next determined the minimal effective dose of these three tachykinins that would stimulate LH secretion when administered into the third ventricle of ovary-intact anestrous sheep. A much lower dose of NKB (0.2 nmol) than of neurokinin A (2 nmol) or SP (10 nmol) consistently stimulated LH secretion. Moreover, the relative potency of these three neuropeptides parallels the relative selectivity of NK3R. Based on these anatomical and pharmacological data, we conclude that NKB-NK3R signaling is the primary pathway for the control of GnRH secretion by tachykinins in ewes.
Enabling out-of-clinic human immunity studies via single-cell profiling of capillary blood (2020)

Abstract An individual’s immune system is driven by both genetic and environmental factors that vary over time. To better understand the temporal and inter-individual variability of gene expression within distinct immune cell types, we developed a platform that leverages multiplexed single-cell sequencing and out-of-clinic capillary blood extraction to enable simplified, cost-effective profiling of the human immune system across people and time at single-cell resolution. Using the platform, we detect widespread differences in cell type-specific gene expression between subjects that are stable over multiple days. Summary Increasing evidence implicates the immune system in an overwhelming number of diseases, and distinct cell types play specific roles in their pathogenesis. 1,2 Studies of peripheral blood have uncovered a wealth of associations between gene expression, environmental factors, disease risk, and therapeutic efficacy. 4 For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple mechanistic paths have been found that lead to disease, and gene expression of specific immune cell types can be used as a predictor of therapeutic non-response. 12 Furthermore, vaccines, drugs, and chemotherapy have been shown to yield different efficacy based on time of administration, and such findings have been linked to the time-dependence of gene expression in downstream pathways. 21,22,23 However, human immune studies of gene expression between individuals and across time remain limited to a few cell types or time points per subject, constraining our understanding of how networks of heterogeneous cells making up each individual’s immune system respond to adverse events and change over time.
Quantitative shape analysis with weighted covariance estimates for increased statistical efficiency (2013)

Our approach provides a consistent way of including different forms of landmarks into an analysis and reduces instabilities due to poorly defined points. Our results suggest that the method has the potential to be utilised for the analysis of 2D/3D data, and in particular, for the inclusion of information from surfaces represented by multiple landmark points.
Entwicklungslinien der Schüttgutdosiertechnik (1990)

Abstract Developments in dosage of bulk solids. Dosage of bulk solids is a fast developing field of process‐ and production automation. Developments are determined directly by the current demands of the production process, with the properties of the bulk solids and the process itself playing an important role. A survey of proven dosage techniques from the viewpoint of the operating principles, properties, applications, and limitations demonstrates the great variety of problem solutions. An important difference between the individual dosage techniques is the nature and accuracy of mass limitation. The most accurate techniques are the gravimetric dosage methods, with discontinuous weighing giving the greatest accuracy. Developments have been greatly influenced by the state of weighing cell techniques, weighing electronics and computer engineering. The development of measured data acquisition and processing of control, and of instrumentation are described, compared, and assessed. A trend towards system responsibility and development on the part of manufacturers is noted. A accurate dosage of bulk solids requires constant flow of the solids and finely adjustable control devices. The principal interferences in bulk solids flow and measures for their avoidance are shown by means of examples. Successful solution of dosage tasks ultimately requires agreement between manufacturers and processors with regard to definition, determination, and control of dosage accuracy during calibration and during long term operation.
SPATIAL SOUND RECORDING WITH DENSE MICROPHONE ARRAYS (2014)

Multichannel recordings are usually performed by means of microphone arrays. In many cases and discrete microphone arrays are used, where each microphone is employed for capturing one of the channels, which in turn is routed to one loudspeaker. However, also the usage of microphone arrays has a long history, dating back to the first MS-matrixed microphones setups and passing through the whole Ambisonics saga. A dense microphone array is employed differently from a sparse array: each channel is obtained by a combination of the signals coming from all the capsules, by means of different matrixing and filtering approaches. And similarly, each loudspeaker feed results from a re-matrixing of all the transmitted channels. This paper is the third of a series: in the previous two [1,2] a numerical method for computing a matrix of FIR filter was employed for processing the microphone signals (encoding, [1]) and for computing the speaker feeds (decoding, [2]). In this third paper, the same numerical approach is extended to intermediate processing (rotation, zooming, stretching, spatial equalization, etc.): hence we have now a general meta-theory, providing a unique framework capable of processing the signals for any kind of dense microphone array, providing any kind of intermediate manipulation, and finally projecting the signal to every kind of loudspeaker arrays. The same framework can operate according to different standards and formats, including A-format (raw signals), B-format (High Order Ambisonics signals), G-format (speaker feeds) and P-format (Spatial PCM Sampling signals), and can be used for converting freely among them. Experimental results are presented, including traditional tetrahedral probes, a commercial spherical microphone array, and two newly-developed massive microphone arrays developed by the authors, a cylindrical and a planar array, both incorporating 32 high-quality condenser microphones and a panoramic video camera.
Laminar morphology development and oxygen permeability of LDPE/EVOH blends (1997)

Abstract Morphology and oxygen barrier properties of LDPE/EVOH blends have been studied. Laminar dispersion of ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) with high oxygen barrier properties was obtained in the matrix of low density polyethylene (LDPE) when extruded through an annular blown film die. Various laminar morphologies were observed and the main factors determining the morphology of the blends were viscosity ratio of the components, processing conditions, and compatibilizer level. Oxygen permeation tests have shown that thinner and longer EVOH layers in larger numbers were more effective in reducing the oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeability of the compatibilized blend having 6 phr of LLD‐g‐MAH was reduced by a factor of 740. The correlation between morphology and oxygen permeability was explained as a function of the EVOH layer size ( L × R ) and the number of EVOH layers ( N ), which were closely related to the predeformed domain size ( L o × R o ). The high Weber number (resulted from large L o × R o and low interfacial tension) and low viscosity ratio yielded large L × R . However, small L o × R o produced high N . Experimental results of oxygen permeability were well correlated with ( L × R ) × N .
A Simplified Sub-Nyquist Receiver Architecture for Joint DOA and Frequency Estimation (2016)

Joint estimation of carrier frequency and direction of arrival (DOA) for multiple signals has been found in many practical applications such as Cognitive Radio (CR). However, Nyquist sampling mechanism is costly or implemented due to wide spectrum range. Taking advantage of sub-Nyquist sampling technology, some array receiver architectures are proposed to realize joint estimation of carrier frequency and DOA. To further decrease equivalent sampling rate and hardware complexity, we propose a simplifying receiver architecture based on our previous work. We come up with joint DOA and frequency estimation algorithms for the novel architecture. The simulations demonstrate that the receiver architecture and the proposed approaches are feasible.
Selective detergent-extraction from mixed detergent/lipid/protein micelles, using cyclodextrin inclusion compounds: a novel generic approach for the preparation of proteoliposomes (1998)

A novel generic approach is described for the selective extraction of detergents from mixed detergent/lipid/protein micelles for the preparation of proteoliposomes of defined lipid-protein ratio. The approach is based on the much higher affinity of inclusion compounds of the cyclodextrin type for detergents in comparison with bilayer-forming lipids. This approach has distinct advantages over other procedures currently in use. It produces good results with all detergents tested, independent of type and critical micelle concentration, and appears to be generally applicable. It yields nearly quantitative recovery of membrane protein in the proteoliposome fraction. Finally, no large excess of lipid is required; a molar ratio of lipid to protein of 100 to 1 already produces proteoliposomes with functional membrane protein, but higher ratios are well tolerated. The size of the vesicles thus obtained depends on the detergent used. Separation of the resulting proteoliposomes from the detergent-cyclodextrin complexes was most easily achieved by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. A variety of detergents was tested in this procedure on the bovine rod visual pigment rhodopsin in combination with retina lipids. In all cases good yields of proteoliposomes were obtained, which contained fully functional rhodopsin.
Quantifying curvelike structures of measures by using <i>L</i><sub>2</sub> Jones quantities (2003)

Abstract We study the curvelike structure of special measures on ℝ n in a multiscale fashion. More precisely, we consider the existence and construction of a sufficiently short curve with a sufficiently large measure. Our main tool is an L 2 variant of Jones' β numbers, which measure the scaled deviations of the given measure from a best approximating line at different scales and locations. The Jones function is formed by adding the squares of the L 2 Jones numbers at different scales and the same location. Using a special L 2 Jones function, we construct a sufficiently short curve with a sufficiently large measure. The length and measure estimates of the underlying curve are expressed in terms of the size of this Jones function. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familial Alzheimer disease–linked mutations specifically disrupt Ca2+ leak function of presenilin 1 (2007)

Mutations in presenilins are responsible for approximately 40% of all early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) cases in which a genetic cause has been identified. In addition, a number of mutations in presenilin-1 (PS1) have been suggested to be associated with the occurrence of frontal temporal dementia (FTD). Presenilins are highly conserved transmembrane proteins that support cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein by gamma-secretase. Recently, we discovered that presenilins also function as passive ER Ca(2+) leak channels. Here we used planar lipid bilayer reconstitution assays and Ca(2+) imaging experiments with presenilin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts to analyze ER Ca(2+) leak function of 6 FAD-linked PS1 mutants and 3 known FTD-associated PS1 mutants. We discovered that L166P, A246E, E273A, G384A, and P436Q FAD mutations in PS1 abolished ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1. In contrast, A79V FAD mutation or FTD-associated mutations (L113P, G183V, and Rins352) did not appear to affect ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1 in our experiments. We validated our findings in Ca(2+) imaging experiments with primary fibroblasts obtained from an FAD patient possessing mutant PS1-A246E. Our results indicate that many FAD mutations in presenilins are loss-of-function mutations affecting ER Ca(2+) leak activity. In contrast, none of the FTD-associated mutations affected ER Ca(2+) leak function of PS1, indicating that the observed effects are disease specific. Our observations are consistent with the potential role of disturbed Ca(2+) homeostasis in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
Isochronous load sharing principles for an islanded system with steam and gas turbine generators (2017)

A liquefied natural gas facility in the United States is being expanded to allow liquefaction of natural gas and export of liquefied natural gas while keeping intact the existing import facilities. This means adding more loads and steam-based generation to the existing gas turbine generator portfolio. The upgraded system will feature six gas turbine generators and two steam turbine generators in an islanded plant with no grid connection. This paper reveals the fundamentals of how the plant performs isochronous load sharing in an islanded power system with various makes and sizes of generators (steam and gas turbines). The paper details the decentralized generation control system interface methodology with automatic speed governors and voltage regulators. It also presents some topics that are crucial for industrial power systems, especially in islanded configurations, as well as the transient simulations performed in a controlled lab environment to analyze system stability and help finalize the generator modes of operation.
[Determination of seed activity of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq]. (1991)

This paper presents a quantitative determination of the seed activity of Fritillaria thunbergii. The result shows that the optical density (O. D.) of highly active seeds is 0.241-0.247, of lowly active seeds is 0.171-0.192 and of inactive seeds is 0.005-0.006.
General considerations for proteolytic cascades (2004)

Proteases are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential physiological processes, often by participating in a highly orchestrated sequence of events termed a 'proteolytic cascade'. Four major proteolytic cascades with disease relevance are candidates for therapeutic intervention, namely caspase-mediated apoptosis, blood coagulation, the matrix metalloproteinase cascade and the complement cascade. Understanding the various steps involved in the functioning of a cascade is key to deciding possible points of intervention for the design of potential drug molecules. This brief review illustrates some of the common features of proteolytic cascades using the blood coagulation pathway as an example.
Exosomes as mediators of neuroinflammation (2014)

Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles that are shed by cells of various lineages under normal as well as pathological conditions. Previously thought to be 'extracellular debris', exosomes have recently generated immense interest following their discovery as mediators of intercellular communication by delivering functional proteins, mRNA transcripts as well as miRNAs to recipient cells. Although suggested to primarily serve as signaling organelles which also remove unwanted cellular components in the brain, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes can also significantly contribute to the development of several neuropathologies. Toxic forms of aggregated proteins such as α-synuclein, amyloid β and prions, that are responsible for the development of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) respectively, have been shown to get effectively packaged into exosomes and spread from one cell to another, initiating an inflammatory cascade. In addition, exosomes secreted by resident brain cells in response to pathogenic stimuli such as viral proteins can also influence bystander cells by the transfer of dysregulated miRNAs that suppress the expression of essential genes in the recipient cells. Given the relevance of exosomes in brain communication and neuropathogenesis, novel therapeutic strategies are now being developed that exploit the biology of these vesicles to deliver anti-inflammatory molecules to the CNS. Exosomes may alter the way we think about brain disorders and their treatments.
Conversations as Platforms (2017)

Have you ever had the experience of ordering pizza using an application that remembers your favorite pizza and orders to your current location automatically? Or have you ever booked a cab just by typing in a chat window or by using voice inputs and had a cab show up at your door step? If you have seen either of those, what you have experienced is the new generation of smart applications called bots (a short form of robots). Bots provide richer and more personalized experiences in our day-to-day activities, thereby making our lives much better. If you have not experienced this firsthand, you have yet to witness the next revolution in IT after the worldwide web, mobile, and data. Bots are much smarter than mobile applications; in some cases they can be smarter than you. Bots are designed to perform human-like interactions and exhibit human-like intelligence. Chat bots are not new; we have had platforms that help build chat-based applications for quite a few years (like Skype SDK), but what makes the new generation of bots special is their integration with artificial intelligence.
Differential Privacy and IRS Empowered Intelligent Energy Harvesting for 6G Internet of Things (2021)

In the era of the sixth generation (6G), the deployment of massive Internet of Things (IoT) generates and processes large amounts of data, resulting in high energy demand and huge challenges to the energy-limited IoT devices. To achieve green and sustainable communication, energy harvesting is a feasible technology to prolong the lifetime of IoT. However, the existing energy harvesting architecture cannot guarantee the privacy of energy users while improving the intelligence and effectiveness of energy transmission. To solve these issues, we propose a differential privacy and intelligent reflecting surface empowered privacy-preserving energy harvesting framework for 6G-enabled IoT. First, a secure and intelligent energy harvesting framework is designed, which includes an intelligent reflecting surface-aided radio frequency power transmission mechanism and a differential privacy-based energy harvesting mechanism. Second, an exponential mechanism-based privacy-preserving energy harvesting scheme is established, where we analyze the adversary mode, propose the differential privacy-enabled location-preserving algorithm, and provide security analysis and proof. Third, we quantify the user satisfaction for energy harvesting and propose a deep reinforcement learning empowered resource allocation scheme to maximize the weighted satisfaction of all system users. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed secure and intelligent energy harvesting architecture for 6G IoT.
An efficient N*N passive optical star coupler (2002)

A recently proposed and developed coupler (C. Dragone, IEEE J. of Lightwave Technol., vol.7, no.3, p.479-89, 1989) with an optimized efficiency between 34% and 55% is considered. It is shown that a 100% efficiency figure can be achieved by using a properly designed space-varying refractive index slab. A wave-mixing method for configuring the slab is proposed. The analytical results are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endoscopic Placement of Spreader Grafts in the Nasal Valve (2006)

The endoscopic approach is a viable option in accessing the nasal valve. Endoscopic placement of a spreader graft has also been shown to statistically widen the nasal valve area.
Foreshock probabilities in the western Great-Basin eastern Sierra Nevada (1993)

We quantify foreshock occurrence probabilities by applying the empirical technique of Jones (1985) to the western Nevada and eastern California earthquake catalog compiled by the University of Nevada, Reno, from 1934 through 1991. The foreshock occurrence rates depend heavily on the parameters used to remove aftershocks from the catalog. It is necessary to separate the Mammoth/Mono region from the rest of the catalog to determine the parameters that most effectively remove the aftershocks from the catalog. The probability that an M ≧ 3.0 earthquake will be followed by an earthquake of larger magnitude within 5 days and 10 km is 10% in the Mammoth/Mono region and 6% in the Nevada region, and seems to be independent of the magnitude of the proposed foreshock. The probability that an earthquake will be followed by another one at least one magnitude unit larger is 1 to 2% in each region. These probabilities imply that the occurrence of an earthquake M ≧ 4.0 increases the possibility of a damaging earthquake of M ≧ 5.0 by several orders of magnitude above the low background probability. Most mainshocks occur within a few hours after a possible foreshock, and the probability that a mainshock will still occur decreases logarithmically with time after the proposed foreshock. These foreshock properties are similar to those in southern California and in other parts of the world, with the exception that the Mammoth/Mono region, a volcanic area, exhibits more swarm-like behavior than does the southern California or Nevada region.
Regional Distribution and Human Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Zhejiang Province (2016)

Zhejiang (ZJ) is a developed province located in the southeast coast of China. In recent years, growing concern has been aroused over the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pollution associated with electronic and electric waste (e-waste) in this province. This chapter has provided numerous and integrated information concerning POPs pollution level and human health effects in ZJ. The residue levels of major POPs, including DDT, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PCP/PCP-Na, in the environmental media, local food and human body were relatively higher in polluted areas of intensive e-waste dismantling industry compared with control areas. POPs pollution levels and cancer incidence in both polluted areas and control areas were comparable with the national data. In vitro test and population survey provided evidence that PCBs exposure altered the expression of genes involved in nervous system- and immune system-related diseases, and the CCL22 gene could serve as an effective biomarker for PCBs exposure. Additionally, e-waste management in ZJ province was discussed. Taken together, these data suggest that POPs pollution in ZJ may be correlated to local e-waste recycling activities. In the future, more efforts should be devoted to improve the techniques for e-waste recycling and establish a sound e-waste management framework.