gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Archetypal Personalized Recommender System for Mobile Phone Users (2013)

The process of mobile phone selection, for several reasons, depends on a number of common individual features possessed by the manufacturers. The recent advance in these products’ functionalities is identified as a key factor for the growing number of brands and models that compete in its fierce market and thus leads to the problem of product selection. Product comparisons, as a result, are becoming more difficult thus favoring the use of computer-based decision systems to assist consumers in scouting for information on mobile products that can best satisfy their needs. This study proposes an archetypal personalized recommender system that can intelligently mine information about the features of mobile phones and provides professional services to potential buyers. Consumer preferences and product features are technically expressed with the aid of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers while Fuzzy Near Compactness is employed to measure the feature-need similarities in order to recommend optimal products that best satisfy the needs. Finally, an experimental study is performed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system.
Diazonamide Support Studies: Stereoselective Formation of the C10 Chiral Center in both the CDEFG and AEFG Fragments (2008)

The synthesis of both the AEFG macrolactam and the CDEFG bis-indole/tyrosine units found in the marine natural product diazonamide A is presented. Key to the success of the synthesis is the highly stereoselective direct C-arylation of an oxindole by an aryllead(IV) reagent derived from tyrosine.
RTP801 Is Required for Ceramide-Induced Cell-Specific Death in the Murine Lung (2012)

Key host responses to the stress induced by environmental exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) are responsible for initiating pathogenic effects that may culminate in emphysema development. CS increases lung ceramides, sphingolipids involved in oxidative stress, structural alveolar cell apoptosis, and inhibition of apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages, leading to the development of emphysema-like pathology. RTP801, a hypoxia and oxidative stress sensor, is also increased by CS, and has been recently implicated in both apoptosis and inflammation. We investigated whether inductions of ceramide and RTP801 are mechanistically linked, and evaluated their relative importance in lung cell apoptosis and airspace enlargement in vivo. As reported, direct lung instillation of either RTP801 expression plasmid or ceramides in mice triggered alveolar cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. RTP801 overexpression up-regulated lung ceramide levels 2.6-fold. In turn, instillation of lung ceramides doubled the lung content of RTP801. Cell sorting after lung tissue dissociation into single-cell suspension showed that ceramide triggers both endothelial and epithelial cell apoptosis in vivo. Interestingly, mice lacking rtp801 were protected against ceramide-induced apoptosis of epithelial type II cells, but not type I or endothelial cells. Furthermore, rtp801-null mice were protected from ceramide-induced alveolar enlargement, and exhibited improved static lung compliance compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, ceramide and RTP801 participate in alveolar cell apoptosis through a process of mutual up-regulation, which may result in self-amplification loops, leading to alveolar damage.
Renal Vascular Complications Associated With the Percutaneous Removal of Renal Calculi (1984)

Significant immediate and delayed vascular complications occurred in 4 of 140 patients (3 per cent) undergoing percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral calculi. An understanding of renovascular anatomy, use of a safety guide wire and intraoperative availability of an angiographic balloon catheter may help to prevent and to treat bleeding problems.
Synthesis of pH-Degradable Nonionic Surfactants and Their Applications in Microemulsions (2001)

An oil-soluble pH-degradable nonionic surfactant with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether as the hydrophile and a cyclic ketal as the hydrophobe was synthesized for use in microemulsion-based protein extraction. The surfactant solubilized water in isooctane. Dynamic light-scattering measurements showed formation of fairly monodisperse water-in-oil microemulsions of radii 4−6 nm, with very strong intermicellar attractive interactions. The ternary phase diagram for the system surfactant/water/isooctane at 23 °C consists of one-, two-, and three-phase regions as well as gel-like phases. The well-known “fish” pattern occurred for the phase diagram of temperature vs surfactant concentration at a fixed ratio of water-to-oil (1/1 g/g). The surfactant remained stable at neutral pH for several days but degraded rapidly when a mildly acidic phosphate buffer (pH = 5) was encapsulated in the water-in-oil microemulsion solution. Degradation occurred more rapidly when the microemulsion solution was brought in contact with an equal volume of pH 5 buffer solution in the presence of agitation. The encapsulation of protein (lysozyme) and its subsequent release upon contact with pH 5 buffer were observed, with 70% recovery of lysozyme mass in 0.5 h and 90% recovery in 1.0 h. The specific activity of the recovered lysozyme was within 90.4 ± 4.0% of the value for untreated lysozyme.
A sparse approach in partially adaptive linearly constrained arrays (2002)

In conventional partially adaptive linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer design the approach has been to represent the noise subspace with some reduced set of vectors, typically the eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalues of the noise covariance matrix. This, whilst yielding good performance, will not give the optimum performance for a given partially adaptive dimension. The paper presents an alternative method for selecting the "best" degrees of freedom to be retained in a partially adaptive design. The iterative algorithm described selects those degrees of freedom which minimize the beamformer output mean square error. This approach leads to a sparse structure for the transformation matrix, which when implemented in a generalize sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure will reduce the computational load. This approach also allows a reduction in adaptive dimension as compared to the eigenvector based approach. An illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of this method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A facial recognition method based on 3-D images analysis for intuitive human-system interaction (2013)

Facial recognition technology is an important part of human-system interaction, which can be used in ID verification, man-machine interface, etc. Many methods based on the analysis of a color image have been proposed. However, the real-time performance or accuracy of the existing recognition approaches is not satisfying, which can be influenced by factors such as lighting environment, position change, face make-up, etc. In this paper, we propose a facial recognition method based on three-dimensional (3-D) images measurement and 3-D image histogram analysis. We use the optimal intensity-modulation pattern projection (OIMP) technique to obtain the 3-D information of face. Since the OIMP technique needs only one single projection, it is easy to apply to human face measurement. The recognition procedure of the method we proposed is as follow. First, set up a 3-D database to store facial information obtained by using OIMP measurement technique. Only the front face images are needed. Second, capture the 3-D face image of the identified person. Then do the recognition by comparing histogram of saved 3-D image in database with the captured 3-D image. If the degree of histograms' similarity of the two 3-D images is the maximum and the value is higher than a certain threshold, then the user can be determined to be the right person. To verify the feasibility of the method, we have a group of testers including male and female of different ages and conduct a verification experiment. In the different lighting environments and different angles for faces, the average recognition accuracy was higher than 90%.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review (2017)

Purpose Individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly experience anxiety about social interaction and social situations. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a recommended treatment for social anxiety (SA) in the non-ASD population. Therapy typically comprises cognitive interventions, imagery-based work and for some individuals, behavioural interventions. Whether these are useful for the ASD population is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to undertake a systematic review to summarise research about CBT for SA in ASD. Design/methodology/approach Using a priori criteria, the authors searched for English-language peer-reviewed empirical studies in five databases. The search yielded 1,364 results. Titles, abstracts, and relevant publications were independently screened by two reviewers. Findings Four single case studies met the review inclusion criteria; data were synthesised narratively. Participants (three adults and one child) were diagnosed with ASD and SA. There were commonalities in interventions and techniques used: participants were encouraged to identify and challenge negative thoughts, enter anxiety-provoking social situations, and develop new ways of coping. Unlike CBT for SA in non-ASD individuals, treatment also included social skills interventions. Outcomes were assessed using self- or informant-reports. Improvements in SA, depressive symptoms, social skills, and activity levels were noted. Generalisability of results is hampered, however, by the small number of studies and participants and lack of randomised controlled trial conditions employed. Research limitations/implications Future studies should investigate how beliefs and behaviours indicative of SA can be ameliorated in individuals with ASD. Originality/value This is the first review to synthesise empirical data about CBT for SA in ASD.
[Gene therapy for anti-aging medicine]. (2009)

Better understanding of the mechanism of aging, particularly in vivo mice or C. elegans, will have an important impact on drug discovery for several kinds of human diseases. In the history of gene therapy, the initial target diseases were cancer or congenital diseases. However, since the concept of therapeutic angiogenesis had been proposed, the cardiovascular diseases were currently new targets of gene therapy. We used the naked plasmid of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as an angiogenic factor for peripheral arterial diseases, and showed the efficacy and safety in clinical trial. Recent reports suggest that HGF has an anti-inflammatory action and attenuated cellular senescence. Thus, HGF gene therapy might be an anti-aging therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Optical interconnects to silicon (2000)

This paper gives a brief historical summary of the development of the field of optical interconnects to silicon integrated circuits. It starts from roots in early optical switching phenomena, proceeds through novel semiconductor and quantum well optical and optoelectronic physics and devices, first proposals for optical interconnects, and optical computing and photonic switching demonstrators, to hybrid integrations of optoelectronic and silicon circuits that may solve basic scaling and other problems for interconnections in future information processing and switching machines.
Sterilization and Polyethylene Wear (2004)

Therapeutic study, Level III-2 (retrospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
UDP-Xylose-Stimulated Glucuronyltransferase Activity in Wheat Microsomal Membranes: Characterization and Role in Glucurono(arabino)xylan Biosynthesis (2008)

Microsomal membranes from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings cooperatively incorporated xylose (Xyl), arabinose, and glucuronic acid residues from their corresponding uridine 5'-diphosphosugars into an ethanol-insoluble glucurono(arabino)xylan (GAX)-like product. A glucuronyltransferase activity that is enhanced by the presence of UDP-Xyl was also identified in these microsomes. Wheat glucuronyltransferase activity was optimal at pH 7 and required manganese ions, and several lines of evidence suggest its involvement in GAX-like biosynthesis. The GAX characteristics of the 14C-product were confirmed by digestion with a purified endo-xylanase from Aspergillus awamori (endo-xylanase III) and by total acid hydrolysis, resulting in a Xyl:arabinose:glucuronic acid molar ratio of approximately 105:34:1. Endo-xylanase III released only three types of oligosaccharides in addition to free Xyl. No radiolabel was released as xylobiose, xylotriose, or xylotetraose, indicating the absence of long stretches of unbranched Xyl residues in the nascent GAX-like product. High-pH anion exchange chromatography analysis of the resulting oligosaccharides along with known arabinoxylan oligosaccharide standards suggests that a portion of the nascent GAX-like product has a relatively regular structure. The other portion of the [14C]GAX-like polymer was resistant to proteinase K, endo-polygalacturonase, and endo-xylanase III (GH11 family) but was degraded by Driselase, supporting the hypothesis that the xylan backbone in this portion of the product is most likely highly substituted. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the nascent GAX-like polymer had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 10 to 15 kD; however, mature GAXs from wheat cell walls had larger apparent molecular masses (>66 kD).
Minimal Spinal Hyperostosis with Low-Dose Isotretinoin Therapy (1986)

Skeletal abnormalities have been reported on numerous occasions in patients who have received high doses of vitamin A and its derivatives. Recently, a new derivative, isotretinoin (Accutane, Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc.), has become available for the treatment of cystic acne. Ninety-six patients treated for a minimum of four months with low doses of this drug at two University centers have shown overall good to excellent clinical responses. However, ten of these patients have developed small pointed excrescences on the anterior margins of cervical, thoracic, or lumbar vertebral bodies. The findings are of unknown clinical significance but show some similarities to the spinal findings in DISH syndrome. Follow-up studies will be obtained, but, at the present time, the drug still can be recommended for patients who have severe cystic acne because of the excellent clinical response.
Absence of multiple local minima effects in intensity modulated optimization with dose volume constraints (2003)

This paper reports on the analysis of intensity modulated radiation treatment optimization problems in the presence of non-convex feasible parameter spaces caused by the specification of dose-volume constraints for the organs-at-risk (OARs). The main aim was to determine whether the presence of those non-convex spaces affects the optimization of clinical cases in any significant way. This was done in two phases: (1) Using a carefully designed two-dimensional mathematical phantom that exhibits two controllable minima and with randomly initialized beamlet weights, we developed a methodology for exploring the nature of the convergence characteristics of quadratic cost function optimizations (deterministic or stochastic). The methodology is based on observing the statistical behaviour of the residual cost at the end of optimizations in which the stopping criterion is progressively more demanding and carrying out those optimizations to very small error changes per iteration. (2) Seven clinical cases were then analysed with dose-volume constraints that are stronger than originally used in the clinic. The clinical cases are two prostate cases differently posed, a meningioma case, two head-and-neck cases, a spleen case and a spine case. Of the 14 different sets of optimizations (with and without the specification of maximum doses allowed for the OARs), 12 fail to show any effect due to the existence of non-convex feasible spaces. The remaining two sets of optimizations show evidence of multiple minima in the solutions, but those minima are very close to each other in cost and the resulting treatment plans are practically identical, as measured by the quality of the dose-volume histograms (DVHs). We discuss the differences between fluence maps resulting from those similar treatment plans. We provide a possible reason for the observed results and conclude that, although the study is necessarily limited, the annealing characteristics of a simulated annealing method may not be justified in clinical optimization in the presence of dose-volume constraints. The results of optimizations by the Newton gradient (NG) method with a quadratic cost function are reported in detail. An adaptive simulated annealing method, optimizing the same function, and the dynamically penalized likelihood method, optimizing a log likelihood function, have also been used in the study. The results of the latter two methods have only been discussed briefly, as they yielded the same conclusions as the NG method.
Detailed Single-Molecule Spectroelectrochemical Studies of the Oxidation of Conjugated Polymers (2009)

Single-particle fluorescence spectroelectrochemistry was used to investigate the electrochemical oxidation of isolated, immobilized particles of the conjugated polymers BEH-PPV and MEH-PPV at an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution. Two types of particles were investigated: (i) polymer single molecules (SM) and (ii) nanoparticle (NP) aggregates of multiple polymer single molecules. For the BEH-PPV polymer, the observation of nearly identical lowest oxidation potentials for different SM in the ensemble is evidence for effective electrostatic screening by the surrounding electrolyte solution. A combination of Monte Carlo simulations and application of Poisson-Boltzmann solvers were used to model the charging of polymer single molecules and nanoparticles in the electrochemical environment. The results indicate that the penetration of electrolyte anions into the polymer nanoparticles is necessary to produce the observed narrow fluorescence quenching vs oxidation potential curves. Finally, fluorescence-lifetime single-molecule spectroelectrochemical (SMS-EC) data revealed that at low potential an excited state reduction process (i.e., electron transfer from ITO to the polymer) is probably the dominant fluorescence quenching process.
Faithful Expression of Imprinted Genes in Cloned Mice (2002)

Phenotypic anomalies have been observed among animals cloned from somatic cells, putatively caused by epigenetic alterations, especially those of imprinted genes ([1][1]). However, the complexity of potentially contributory technical factors associated with nuclear transfer (NT) experiments could
Why Do Folksonomies Need Semantic Web Technologies (2010)

This paper is to investigate some general features of social tagging and folksonomies along with their advantages and disadvantages, and to present an overview of a tag ontology that can be used to represent tagging data at a semantic level using Semantic Web technologies. Several tag ontologies have been developed with a specific purpose and used in various websites. However, in order to represent tagging data at semantic level existing tag ontologies need to be interlinked, since individual tag ontology cannot represent overall features of tagging activities. After introducing conceptual overview of tagging and folksonomies and tag ontologies, we will propose the combinational model for linking tag ontologies.
Device driver programming in a transactional DSM operating system (2002)

The Plurix project implements an object-oriented operating system (OS) for PC clusters. Network communication is implemented via the distributed shared memory (DSM) paradigm. Memory consistency is maintained by restartable transactions and an optimistic synchronization scheme, that have been used in database technology in the past. Originally, DSM systems were built to support parallel algorithms, but using DSM as a foundation for a general purpose OS offers interesting perspectives in designing and using distributed applications. The OS, including kernel and all drivers, is written in Plurix Java. Our Java compiler directly translates Java source code into Intel machine instructions. Some minor language extensions support device-level programming. During the development of the system we identified conceptual problems which are caused by the restartability requirement of transactions. Clearly interrupts do not reoccur in case of an aborted transaction. Without proper precaution interrupts would get lost or devices could receive broken commands. In this paper we shortly review our DSM system and present the smart buffer concept to bridge the gap between restartable DSM transactions and non-restartable device operations and events. Finally, we validate our proposed solution by performance measurements and compare the kernel interface to traditional operating systems.
A Novel SMA-Based Actuator for a Legged Endoscopic Capsule (2006)

This paper describes the design, modelling and fabrication of a shape memory alloy micro-actuation concept for application in an endoscopic capsule. The constraints of the actuators are discussed based on the planned integration in a swallowable capsule and a preliminary concept of a legged system with shape memory alloy actuation is presented and tested. Based on the preliminary results, a modelling of the system is given in order to optimize the actuator design in terms on length, diameter, angle and force. Thus, a new high performance prototype is developed and characterized, thus verifying the theoretical model
A 27 GHz double polysilicon bipolar technology on bonded SOI with embedded 58 mu m/sup 2/ CMOS memory cells for ECL-CMOS SRAM applications (1992)

A double polysilicon bipolar technology with high-speed, high-packing density, low power consumption, and high alpha -particle immunity has been newly developed. Bonded SOI substrates are used to improve the alpha -particle immunity, and scaled CMOS memory cells are introduced to reduce the power consumption and to increase the packing density. The cut-off frequency of the bipolar transistors is as high as 27 GHz and the area of the CMOS memory cell is 58 mu m/sup 2/. This technology is promising for application to ultra high-speed, high-density LSIs with ECL-CMOS scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatments for fragile X syndrome: A closer look at the data (2009)

Research into the determinants and developmental course of fragile X syndrome (FXS) has made remarkable progress over the last 25 years. However, treatments to ameliorate the symptoms of FXS have been less forthcoming. While there is optimism in the field that the pace of intervention research is quickening, there has been a bias toward psychopharmacological approaches to treatment. A closer look at the data from those investigations reveals a paucity of evidence that medications can improve intellectual and adaptive functioning in FXS, or decrease associated behavioral and/or emotional issues. Work in other related disorders (e.g., autism) has shown that dramatic improvements in intellectual and adaptive functioning, as well as behavioral and emotional problems, can occur if intensive behavioral treatment is begun early in the child's life. It is hoped that future research efforts will evaluate these intensive early intervention strategies in children with FXS, perhaps in combination with pharmacological approaches.