gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
70 dB extinction-ratio LiNbO/sub 3/ optical intensity modulator for two-tone lightwave generation (2006)

We demonstrated high extinction ratio intensity modulation for two-tone lightwave generation, by using an integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator with active trimmers which can compensate imbalance in the modulator due to fabrication errors. The extinction ratio was larger than 70 dB
Non-Linear Text Regression with a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2015)

Zsolt Bitvai, Trevor Cohn. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2015.
Whole-cell biocatalysis for selective and productive C–O functional group introduction and modification (2013)

During the last decades, biocatalysis became of increasing importance for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Regarding regio- and stereospecificity, enzymes have shown to be superior compared to traditional chemical synthesis approaches, especially in C-O functional group chemistry. Catalysts established on a process level are diverse and can be classified along a functional continuum starting with single-step biotransformations using isolated enzymes or microbial strains towards fermentative processes with recombinant microorganisms containing artificial synthetic pathways. The complex organization of respective enzymes combined with aspects such as cofactor dependency and low stability in isolated form often favors the use of whole cells over that of isolated enzymes. Based on an inventory of the large spectrum of biocatalytic C-O functional group chemistry, this review focuses on highlighting the potentials, limitations, and solutions offered by the application of self-regenerating microbial cells as biocatalysts. Different cellular functionalities are discussed in the light of their (possible) contribution to catalyst efficiency. The combined achievements in the areas of protein, genetic, metabolic, and reaction engineering enable the development of whole-cell biocatalysts as powerful tools in organic synthesis.
A high resolution digital frequency meter for low frequencies (1990)

A digital frequency meter using frequency multiplication is described. It can be used in utility power system control centers and other low-frequency applications where resolutions of the order of 1/100 Hz and almost instantaneous readouts are essential. Possible improvements of the circuit are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How neuropilin-1 regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signalling: the knowns and known unknowns (2011)

Essential roles of NRP1 (neuropilin-1) in cardiovascular development and in neuronal axon targeting during embryogenesis are thought to be mediated primarily through binding of NRP1 to two unrelated types of ligands: the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family of angiogenic cytokines in the endothelium, and the class 3 semaphorins in neurons. A widely accepted mechanism for the role of NRP1 in the endothelium is VEGF binding to NRP1 and VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor 2) and VEGF-dependent formation of complexes or NRP1-VEGFR2 holoreceptors with enhanced signalling activity and biological function. However, although some basic features of this model are solidly based on biochemical and cellular data, others are open to question. Furthermore, a mechanistic account of NRP1 has to accommodate research which emphasizes the diversity of NRP1 functions in different cell types and particularly an emerging role in signalling by other growth factor ligands for RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) such as HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor). It is uncertain, however, whether the model of NRP1-RTK heterocomplex formation applies in all of these situations. In the light of these developments, the need to explain mechanistically the role of NRP1 in signalling is coming increasingly to the fore. The present article focuses on some of the most important unresolved questions concerning the mechanism(s) through which NRP1 acts, and highlights recent findings which are beginning to generate insights into these questions.
Broad-specificity endoribonucleases and mRNA degradation in Escherichia coli (1992)

Crude extracts from Escherichia coli were screened for any broad-specificity endoribonuclease after the cell proteins were fractionated by size. In a mutant lacking the gene for RNase I (molecular mass, 27,156 Da), the only such activities were also in the size range of 23 to 28 kDa. Fractionation by chromatography on a strong cation-exchange resin revealed only two activities. One of them eluted at a salt concentration expected for RNase M and had the specificity of RNase M. It preferred pyrimidine-adenosine bonds, could not degrade purine homopolymers, and had a molecular mass of approximately 27 kDa (V. J. Cannistraro and D. Kennell, Eur. J. Biochem. 181:363-370, 1989). A second fraction, eluting at a higher salt concentration, was active against any phosphodiester bond but was about 100 times less active than are RNase I and RNase I* (a form of RNase I) in the wild-type cell. On the basis of sizing-gel chromatography, this enzyme had a molecular mass of approximately 24 kDa. We call it RNase R (for residual). RNase R is not an abnormal product of the mutant rna gene; a cell carrying many copies of that gene on a plasmid did not synthesize more RNase R. Our search for broad-specificity endoribonucleases was prompted by the expectation that the primary activities for mRNA degradation are expressed by a relatively small number of broad-specificity RNases. If correct, the results suggest that the endoribonucleases for this major metabolic activity reside in the 24- to 28-kDa size range. Endoribonucleases with much greater specificity must have as primary functions the processing of specific RNA molecules at a very limited number of sites as steps in their biosynthesis. In exceptional cases, these endoribonucleases inactivate a specific message that has such a site, and they can also effect total mRNA metabolism indirectly by a global disturbance of the cell physiology. It is suggested that a distinction be made between these processing and degradative activities.
A Novel Doppler Frequency Offset Estimation Method for DVB-T System in HST Environment (2011)

A novel Doppler frequency offset estimation method is proposed for the digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) system in the high-speed-train (HST) environment. Based on the analysis of the effect of the scattered components of the wireless channel on the accuracy of the Doppler frequency offset estimation, we separate the path with the Line-of-Sight(LOS) component from the multipath channel, and only use it to estimate the frequency offset caused by Doppler shift. Simulation results show that the mean square error (MSE) of the proposed scheme is far better than those of the available schemes.
Pancreatic cholesterol esterases. 3. Kinetic characterization of cholesterol ester resynthesis by the pancreatic cholesterol esterases (1990)

The ability of cholesterol esterase to catalyze the synthesis of cholesterol esters has been considered to be of limited physiological significance because of its bile salt requirements for activity, though detailed kinetic studies have not been reported. This study was performed to determine the taurocholate, pH, and substrate requirements for optimal cholesterol ester synthesis catalyzed by various pancreatic lipolytic enzymes, including the bovine 67- and 72-kDa cholesterol esterases, human 100-kDa cholesterol esterase, and human 52-kDa triglyceride lipase. In contrast to current beliefs, cholesterol esterase exhibits a bile salt independent as well as a bile salt dependent synthetic pathway. For the bovine pancreatic 67- and 72-kDa cholesterol esterases, the bile salt independent pathway is optimal at pH 6.0-6.5 and is stimulated by micromolar concentrations of taurocholate. For the bile salt dependent synthetic reaction for the 67-kDa enzyme, increasing the taurocholate concentration from 0 to 1.0 mM results in a progressive shift in the pH optimum from pH 6.0-6.5 to pH 4.5 or lower. In contrast, cholesterol ester hydrolysis by the 67-, 72-, and 100-kDa enzymes was characterized by pH optima from 5.5 to 6.5 at all taurocholate concentrations. Optimum hydrolytic activity for these three enzyme forms occurred with 10 mM taurocholate. Since hydrolysis is minimal at low taurocholate concentrations, the rate of synthesis actually exceeds hydrolysis when the taurocholate concentration is less than 1.0 mM. The 52-kDa enzyme exhibits very low cholesterol ester synthetic and hydrolytic activities, and for this enzyme both activities are bile salt independent. Thus, our data show that cholesterol esterase has both bile salt independent and bile salt dependent cholesterol ester synthetic activities and that it may catalyze the net synthesis of cholesterol esters under physiological conditions.
Expression of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (ICP10) is required for virus growth and neoplastic transformation (1992)

The amino-terminal domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) ribonucleotide reductase (ICP10) has protein kinase (PK) activity and properties similar to those of growth factor receptor kinases which can be activated to transforming potential. DNA sequences that encode the PK domain cause neoplastic transformation of immortalized cells. The studies described in this report used a spontaneous mutant (ts5-152) temperature-sensitive for the synthesis of ICP10 and the previously described ICP10 expression vectors to study the role of ICP10 expression in HSV-2 growth and neoplastic potential. The titres of the ts5-152 mutant are 1000-fold lower at 39 degrees C compared to 34 degrees C after 12 h post-infection. The efficiency of plaquing is 0.003. The growth defect at 39 degrees C correlates with decreased ICP10 synthesis. Sequence analysis of the PK domain of the ts5-152 ICP10 gene identified a pair of frameshift mutations resulting in a 19 amino acid residue substitution at positions 275 to 293 and a downstream single base pair mutation causing a substitution at position 309. Cloning of the mutant ICP10 gene from ts5-152 into a wild-type HSV-2 isolate resulted in a recombinant (859/152) with growth properties and rates of ICP10 synthesis at 39 degrees C similar to those of ts5-152. Cells transformed with u.v.-inactivated ts5-152, or the recombinant 859/152, have significantly decreased cloning efficiency in agarose at 39 degrees C, but only during the first 250 post-transfer population doublings. Anchorage-independent growth was observed in cells transfected with expression vectors pJW17 or pJW32 that express ICP10 or its PK domain, respectively. Cells transfected with the frameshift mutant pJW21 or the ICP10 carboxy-terminal vector pJW31 did not form clones in agarose.
Current Status of Microbial Phenylethanoid Biosynthesis (2018)

Phenylethanoids, including 2-phenylethanol, tyrosol, and salidroside are a group of phenolic compounds with a C6-C2 carbon skeleton synthesized by plants. Phenylethanoids display a variety of biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-asthmatic activities. Recently, successful microbial synthesis of phenylethanoids through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches has been reported and could allow phenylethanoid production from alternative microbial sources. Here, we review the recent achievements in the synthesis of phenylethanoids by microorganisms. The work done so far will contribute to the production of diverse phenylethanoids using various microbial systems and facilitate exploration of further diverse biological activities of phenylethanoids.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of different basic fibroblast growth factor species (1990)

The subcellular distribution of basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) was analyzed by subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence to gain insight into potential mechanisms for its release from cells. Subcellular fractionation of either SK-Hep-1 cells or NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a bFGF cDNA revealed that the 18 kd form of bFGF was found primarily in the cytosolic fraction, whereas the 22 and 24 kd forms of bFGF were found preferentially in ribosomal and nuclear fractions. Analysis of bFGF distribution by immunofluorescence using an antibody that recognized all forms of bFGF indicated both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization but failed to reveal any growth factor in structures representing secretory vesicles. Therefore, bFGF has a distribution inconsistent with that of a secretory protein.
Production of phenylacetic acid by strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and Bacteroides gingivalis (sp. nov.) (1980)

Strains of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies isolated from human and animal sources were examined for the production of phenylacetic acid. B. asaccharolyticus strains isolated from sites in humans and monkeys always produced phenylacetic acid. B. asaccharolyticus strains isolated from human nonoral sites consistently failed to produce this product. This metabolic difference correlates with the genetic dichotomy recently found to exist between oral and nonoral B. asaccharolyticus strains.
Sequential Compressive Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition framework, which allows for a signal recovery from far fewer samples than what is required by traditional sampling methods. In this paper we propose new strategies for adaptively adjusting the number of CS samples in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Additionally, in the signal reconstruction procedure we apply homotopy algorithm to update the reconstructed signals. The reduction of CS samples and the homotopy update reduce the computational complexity and save processing time and energy for both the fusion centre and wireless sensors. The proposed techniques are investigated numerically in various WSN scenarios.
CLOSURE OF EXPERIMENTAL SUBRETINAL NEOVASCULAR VESSELS WITH DIHEMATOPORPHYRIN ETHER AUGMENTED ARGON GREEN LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION (1987)

Abstract Natural history studies of patients with macular subretinal neovascularization as a complication of age‐related macular degeneration have shown a poor visual outcome, with 77% losing more than 4 lines of vision and 64% losing 6 lines at 24 months after presentation. The Macular Photocoagulation Study, a randomized clinical trial of selected cases of extramacular subretinal neovascularization has proven argon laser photocoagulation therapy to be effective in reducing visual loss. Unfortunately, many patients with macular subretinal neovascularization were excluded from this study because of the risk of laser damage to the surrounding retina and choroid. We have developed a potentially more efficacious and safe treatment for experimental subretinal neovascularization in the cynomolgus monkey using a combination of dihematoporphyrin ether pre‐treatment and sub‐threshold argon green laser photocoagulation. Closure of the subretinal neovascular complex was attained with reduced destruction to the surrounding retina and choroid. Our data have potential import for improved treatment in humans of macular subretinal neovascularization which lie beneath the foveal avascular zone. This preliminary study suggests the photosensitivity of the vasculature of the subretinal neovascular complex to laser photoradiation may be increased selectively by the use of dihematoporphyrin ether.
Lactobacillus Vaginal Microbiota of Women Attending a Reproductive Health Care Service in Benin City, Nigeria (2005)

The findings indicate that even with geographic, racial, and other differences, the predominant vaginal Lactobacillus species is similar to species in women from Northern countries.
Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ameliorates HIV-associated neurology and neuropathology (2021)

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy are primarily manifested as impaired behaviours, glial activation/neuroinflammation and compromised neuronal integrity, for which there are no effective treatments currently available. In the current study, we used doxycycline-inducible astrocyte-specific HIV Tat transgenic mice (iTat), a surrogate HAND model, and determined effects of PNU-125096, a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) on Tat-induced behavioural impairments and neuropathologies. We showed that PNU-125096 treatment significantly improved locomotor, learning and memory deficits of iTat mice while inhibited glial activation and increased PSD-95 expression in the cortex and hippocampus of iTat mice. Using α7 nAChR knockout mice, we showed that α7 nAChR knockout eliminated the protective effects of PNU-125096 on iTat mice. In addition, we showed that inhibition of p38 phosphorylation by SB239063, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor exacerbated Tat neurotoxicity in iTat mice. Last, we used primary mouse cortical individual cultures and neuron-astrocytes co-cultures and in vivo staining of iTat mouse brain tissues and showed that glial activation was directly involved in the interplay among Tat neurotoxicity, α7 nAChR activation and the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrated for the first time that α7 nAChR activation led to protection against HAND and suggested that α7 nAChR modulator PNU-125096 holds significant promise for development of therapeutics for HAND.
Efficient clustering approach using incremental and hierarchical clustering methods (2010)

There are many clustering methods available and each of them may give a different grouping of datasets. It is proven that hybrid clustering algorithms give efficient results over the other algorithms. In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid clustering algorithm by combining the features of leader's method which is an incremental clustering method and complete linkage algorithm which is a hierarchical clustering procedure. It is most common to find the dissimilarity between two clusters as the distance between their centorids or the distance between two closest (or farthest) data points. However, these measures may not give efficient clustering results in all cases. So, we propose a new similarity measure, known as cohesion to find the intercluster distance. By using this measure of cohesion, a two level clustering algorithm is proposed, which runs in linear time to the size of input data set. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the clustering procedure by using the leader's algorithm and cohesion similarity measure. The proposed method works in two steps: In the first step, the features of incremental and hierarchical clustering methods are combined to partition the input data set into several smaller subclusters. In the second step, subclusters are merged continuously based on cohesion similarity measure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework for the web mining applications.
Intrinsic kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a reduced fused-magnetite catalyst (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrinsic kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a reduced fused-magnetite catalystGeorge A. Huff Jr. and Charles N. SatterfieldCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 4, 696–705Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200027a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i200027a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views848Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In vitro effects of Mg/Sr–substituted hydroxyapatite on osteoblast activity (2010)

Stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) has been used as a model for the apatite of human bone tissue for many years. Besides calcium, phosphate and carbonate, mineral bone contains many inorganic compounds such as sodium, fluoride, chloride, magnesium, strontium, zinc, copper and iron. This work investigates in vitro effects of magnesium and strontium substitutions in the apatite lattice on the behaviour of human osteoblasts. We compared powders of Mg and Sr substituted apatites (MgSrHA) with those of stoichiometric HA. Powders were prepared as-synthesized and not sintered, which is the most critical condition in terms of reactivity towards cells. Human osteoblasts were seeded in 24 well plates at the density of 15,000 cells/cm2 in DMEM supplemented with 250 μM ascorbic acid and 10% FCS. Treatments with powders were applied 24 hours after seeding. Dose-response (range 0.1-10 mg/ml) curves of HA and MgSrHA powders were performed with MTT assay after 3 days of treatment. At 10 mg/ml, viability level of HA-treated osteoblasts was lower than that of MgSrHAtreated cells (respectively 35% and 50% of untreated cells). At 3 mg/ml viability values were comparable and proliferation was slightly hindered (80% of untreated). No sign of cell death, evaluated with calcein-propidium iodide assay on living cells, was detectable at any of the tested doses. MgSrHA and HA did not affect cell proliferation (evaluated by cell counting and cell protein content) after 3 or 7 days of treatment with 0.3 and 1 mg/ml. At these dosages, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was not affected after 3 days, but was slightly lower than that of untreated cells at 0.3 mg/ml after 7 days. Calcium deposition was measured with red alizarin after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment with 0.3 or 1 mg/ml of powders in the presence of 100 nM dexamethasone and 10 mM β-glicero phosphate. Calcium deposition increased in a time-dependent way and was highly stimulated in cells treated with both powders. These preliminary results suggest that MgSrHA has no toxicity effects and seems to have a better biocompatibility than stoichiometric HA. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cell-biomaterial interactions.
Copyright Piracy in China, 5 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 583 (2006) (2006)

Copyrights play a major role in promoting economic development and creating a national identity, and they have a tremendous impact on the social and economic well-being of nations. Within the past fifteen years, China has passed a strong copyright law, upgraded enforcement, and joined the Berne Convention. However, since then, the forward momentum has subsided and piracy has grown deep roots in China. If protecting their own citizens’ rights was not important enough, the threat of international trade sanctions for having inadequate intellectual property protection may force China to reevaluate their current situation and step up international protection.