gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticancer activity of RecQL1 helicase siRNA in mouse xenograft models (2008)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are expected to have a medical application in human therapy as drugs with a high specificity for their molecular target mRNAs. RecQL1 DNA helicase in the human RecQ helicase family participates in DNA repair and recombination pathways in the cell cycle of replication. Silencing the RecQL1 expression by RecQL1-siRNA induces mitotic death in vitro specifically in growing cancer cells. By contrast, the same RecQL1 silencing does not affect the growth of normal cells, emphasizing that RecQL1 helicase is an ideal molecular target for cancer therapy. In this study, we show that local and systemic administration of RecQL1-siRNA mixed with polyethyleneimine polymer or cationic liposomes prevented cancer cell proliferation in vivo in mouse models of cancer without noticeable adverse effects. The results indicate that RecQL1-siRNA in a complex with a cationic polymer is a very promising anticancer drug candidate, and that in particular, RecQL1-siRNA formulated with a cationic liposome has an enormous potential to be used by intravenous injection for therapy specific for liver cancers, including metastasized cancers from the colon and pancreas.
Kartogenin Enhances Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSCs in 3D Tri-Copolymer Scaffolds and the Self-Designed Bioreactor System (2021)

Human cartilage has relatively slow metabolism compared to other normal tissues. Cartilage damage is of great clinical consequence since cartilage has limited intrinsic healing potential. Cartilage tissue engineering is a rapidly emerging field that holds great promise for tissue function repair and artificial/engineered tissue substitutes. However, current clinical therapies for cartilage repair are less than satisfactory and rarely recover full function or return the diseased tissue to its native healthy state. Kartogenin (KGN), a small molecule, can promote chondrocyte differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this research is to optimize the chondrogenic process in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based chondrogenic constructs with KGN for potential use in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, we demonstrate that KGN treatment can promote MSC condensation and cell cluster formation within a tri-copolymer scaffold. Expression of <i>Acan</i>, <i>Sox9</i>, and <i>Col2a1</i> was significantly up-regulated in three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. The lacuna-like structure showed active deposition of type II collagen and aggrecan deposition. We expect these results will open new avenues for the use of small molecules in chondrogenic differentiation protocols in combination with scaffolds, which may yield better strategies for cartilage tissue engineering.
Retracted: Eimeria tenella Elongation Factor-1α (EF-1α) Coadministered with Chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) DNA Vaccine Emulsified in Montanide Gel 01 Adjuvant Enhanced the Immune Response to E. acervulina Infection in Broiler Chickens (2019)

The current study was undertaken to assess the vaccine efficacy of <i>Eimeria tenella</i> EF-1α/chicken IL-7 (chIL-7) DNA vaccine when administered with Montanide Gel 01 adjuvant against live <i>Eimeria acervulina</i> challenge in commercial broiler chickens. The criteria used for the evaluation of vaccine efficacy were weight gain, duodenal lesion scores, oocyst counts, humoral antibody response, and duodenal proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Chickens vaccinated with EF-1α (100 µg)/chIL-7 (20 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant showed body weight gain similar to the uninfected control and higher oocyst shedding, a lower gut lesion score, and higher proinflammatory cytokine gene expression than did the infected controls. Moreover, chickens vaccinated with chIL-7 (20 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant shed fewer oocysts with reduced gut lesion scores and produced higher levels of anti-EF-1α serum antibody than did the infected control. Chickens vaccinated with EF-1α (50 µg)/chIL-7 (20 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant showed higher weight gains than did the infected control and shed significantly fewer oocysts than the infected control. Furthermore, chickens vaccinated with EF-1α (100 µg) in Gel 01 PR adjuvant demonstrated the lowest anti-EF-1α serum antibody levels. This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of using EF-1α and/or host cytokine chIL-7 DNA vaccine together with Gel 01 PR adjuvant to improve T-cell-mediated effector function in broiler chickens challenged with live <i>E. acervulina</i>.
Thermal Barriers Developed for Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Joints (2000)

Space shuttle solid rocket motor case assembly joints are sealed with conventional O-ring seals that are shielded from 5500 F combustion gases by thick layers of insulation and by special joint-fill compounds that fill assembly splitlines in the insulation. On a number of occasions, NASA has observed hot gas penetration through defects in the joint-fill compound of several of the rocket nozzle assembly joints. In the current nozzle-to-case joint, NASA has observed penetration of hot combustion gases through the joint-fill compound to the inboard wiper O-ring in one out of seven motors. Although this condition does not threaten motor safety, evidence of hot gas penetration to the wiper O-ring results in extensive reviews before resuming flight. The solid rocket motor manufacturer (Thiokol) approached the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field about the possibility of applying Glenn's braided fiber preform seal as a thermal barrier to protect the O-ring seals. Glenn and Thiokol are working to improve the nozzle-to-case joint design by implementing a more reliable J-leg design and by using a braided carbon fiber thermal barrier that would resist any hot gases that the J-leg does not block.
On the design of differential beamformers with arbitrary planar microphone array geometry (2018)

This letter deals with the problem of differential beamforming with microphone arrays of arbitrary planar geometry. By approximating the beampattern with the Jacobi-Anger expansion, it develops an algorithm that can form any specified frequency-invariant beampattern with a microphone array of any planar geometry as long as the sensors' coordinates are given and the spacing between neighboring sensors is smaller than the smallest wavelength. This method is rather general and it can be used to design differential beamformers with linear, circular, and concentric circular differential microphone arrays as well as differential arrays of arbitrary planar geometry where sensors are placed in any specified positions.
Super-resolution optics using short-wavelength surface plasmon polaritons (2006)

We demonstrate that surface plasmon polaritons can be guided and focused by dielectric optical elements deposited on top of a gold film. Two examples of such devices are demonstrated. In a first set of experiments plasmon polaritons were coupled to dielectric nano-waveguides using a parabolic surface coupler. This experiment demonstrates that using surface plasmon polaritons the scale of optoelectronic devices based on dielectric waveguides can be shrunk by at least an order of magnitude. A parabola-shaped dielectric waveguide may also be used as a mirror in two-dimensional imaging experiments. The optical images formed by the mirror may be enhanced using simple digital filters. As a result, 30 nm resolution has been achieved.
Induction of G250-targeted and T-cell-mediated antitumor activity against renal cell carcinoma using a chimeric fusion protein consisting of G250 and granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor. (2001)

Immunotherapy targeting for the induction of a T-cell-mediated antitumor response in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) appears to hold significant promise. Here we describe a novel RCC vaccine strategy that allows for the concomitant delivery of dual immune activators: G250, a widely expressed RCC associated antigen; and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunomodulatory factor for antigen-presenting cells. The G250-GM-CSF fusion gene was constructed and expressed in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus expression vector system. The Mr 66,000 fusion protein (FP) was subsequently purified through a 6xHis-Ni2+-NTA affinity column and SP Sepharose/fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified FP retains GM-CSF bioactivity, which is comparable, on a molar basis, to that of recombinant GM-CSF when tested in a GM-CSF-dependent cell line. When combined with interleukin 4 (IL-4; 1000 units/ml), FP (0.34 microg/ml) induces differentiation of monocytes (CD14+) into dendritic cells (DCs) expressing surface markers characteristic for antigen-presenting cells. Up-regulation of mature DCs (CD83+CD19-; 17% versus 6%) with enhanced expression of HLA class I and class II antigens was detected in FP-cultured DCs as compared with DCs cultured with recombinant GM-CSF. Treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with FP alone (2.7 microg/10(7) cells) augments both T-cell helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokine mRNA expression (IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). Comparison of various immune manipulation strategies in parallel, bulk PBMCs treated with FP (0.34 microg/ml) plus IL-4 (1000 units/ml) for 1 week and restimulated weekly with FP plus IL-2 (20 IU/ml) induced maximal growth expansion of active T cells expressing the T-cell receptor and specific anti-RCC cytotoxicity, which could be blocked by the addition of anti-HLA class I, anti-CD3, or anti-CD8 antibodies. In one tested patient, an augmented cytotoxicity against lymph node-derived RCC target was determined as compared with that against primary tumor targets, which corresponded to an 8-fold higher G250 mRNA expression in lymph node tumor as compared with primary tumor. The replacement of FP with recombinant GM-CSF as an immunostimulant completely abrogated the selection of RCC-specific killer cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. All FP-modulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures with antitumor activity showed an up-regulated CD3+CD4+ cell population. These results suggest that GM-CSF-G250 FP is a potent immunostimulant with the capacity for activating immunomodulatory DCs and inducing a T-helper cell-supported, G250-targeted, and CD8+-mediated antitumor response. These findings may have important implications for the use of GM-CSF-G250 FP as a tumor vaccine for the treatment of patients with advanced kidney cancer.
A Novel Passive Optical Network Architecture Supporting Seamless Integration of RoF and OFDMA Signals (2010)

In this letter, we propose a novel passive optical network (PON) architecture supporting radio-over-fiber signals and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) PON signals. The architecture transports upstream multiple remote antenna's wireless signals using only one upstream wavelength. In addition, the windowed-orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing technique is employed to mitigate interference during the integration process. Experimental results shows that 10-Gb/s OFDMA and three radio-frequency signals at 2.1 GHz are successfully transmitted over 20-km single-mode fiber in a 32-optical-network-unit PON.
Damping A Passenger Car With A Gyroscopic Damper System (2015)

Today, body vibration energy of passenger cars gets dissipated by linear working shock absorbers. A new approach substitutes the damper of a passenger car by a cardanic gimbaled flywheel mass. The constructive design leads to a rotary damper in which the vertical movement of the wheel carrier leads to revolution of the rotational axis of the flywheel. In this arrangement, the occurring precession moments are used to control damping moments and to store vibrational energy. Different damper characteristics are achieved by different induced precession. From almost zero torque output to high torque output, this damper has a huge spread.
Next to the basic principal, in this paper an integration in the chassis, including a constructive proposal is shown. A conflict with high torque and high angular velocity leads to a special design. Moreover concepts to deal with all vehicle situations like yawing, rolling and pitching are shown. Since the gyroscope acts in global world coordinate system the movement of the vehicle has to be considered. This leads to a special control of all for systems together regarding different direction of the flywheels angular velocity.
Minimum Construction of Two-Qubit Quantum Operations (2004)

Optimal construction of quantum operations is a fundamental problem in the realization of quantum computation. We here introduce a newly discovered quantum gate, B, that can implement any arbitrary two-qubit quantum operation with minimal number of both two- and single-qubit gates. We show this by giving an analytic circuit that implements a generic nonlocal two-qubit operation from just two applications of the B gate. Realization of the B gate is illustrated with an example of charge-coupled superconducting qubits for which the B gate is seen to be generated in shorter time than the CNOT gate.
Metal-enhanced chemiluminescence: Radiating plasmons generated from chemically induced electronic excited states (2006)

In this letter, we report the observation of metal-enhanced chemiluminescence. Silver Island films, in close proximity to chemiluminescence species, can significantly enhance luminescence intensities; a 20-fold increase in chemiluminescence intensity was observed as compared to an identical control sample containing no silver. This suggests the use of silver nanostructures in the chemiluminescence-based immunoassays used in the biosciences today, to improve signal and therefore analyte detectability. In addition, this finding suggests that surface plasmons can be directly excited by chemically induced electronically excited luminophores, a significant finding toward our understanding of fluorophore-metal interactions and the generation of surface plasmons.
<i>Aspergillus</i>Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay and Quantitative PCR for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis with Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (2004)

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is frequent and often fatal in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Diagnosis requires microbiological or histopathologic demonstration of the organism in tissues; however, cultivation of Aspergillus species from respiratory secretions has low diagnostic sensitivity. Assays to detect Aspergillus antigen or DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid could facilitate earlier diagnosis, thereby guiding optimal therapy and obviating the need for additional costly and potentially morbid diagnostic evaluation. We evaluated the performance of a galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (GM EIA; Bio-Rad) by using a range of index cutoffs to define positivity and a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of Aspergillus species from BAL samples of patients with proven and probable IPA (case patients; n = 49) and without IPA (control patients; n = 50). The sensitivity of the GM EIA was 61% with an index cutoff of 1.0 and 76% with an index cutoff of 0.5; the corresponding specificities were 98 and 94%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of qPCR assay were 67 and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity with 22 culture-negative BAL specimens from patients with IPA was 41% for GM EIA with an index cutoff of 1.0, 59% for GM EIA with an index cutoff of 0.5, and 36% for qPCR assay. GM EIA indices and DNA quantities corresponded to BAL fungal burdens, with culture-positive samples having larger amounts of antigen and DNA compared to culture-negative samples. GM EIA and qPCR assay add to the sensitivity of BAL for diagnosing IPA in high-risk patients, with excellent specificity. Adjunctive use of these tests may reduce dependence on invasive diagnostic procedures.
Preparation of 1‐2‐3 Superconductors from Hydroxide–Carbonate Coprecipitation (1990)

A batch coprecipitation of 1‐2‐3 superconductor precursor powder was accomplished by adding an aqueous solution of mixed nitrates rapidly to a mixture of sodium or potassium hydroxide and carbonate. The blue hydrogel, an intimate mixture of Y(OH) 3 , BaCO 3 , and Cu(OH) 2 , was filtered and washed by decantation, using water sparged with CO 2 to control the pH. After a second filtration, drying and calcination, the product was a homogeneous powder, with an average particle size of about 1 μm, free of alkali, and with excellent superconducting properties. The process is reproducible, inexpensive, and easy to scale to higher production rates. Important process parameters are the following: the time and temperature of precipitation; alkali ratios; volume, temperature, and pH of the wash water; and time of calcination.
Effect of a small number of training cases on the performance of massive training artificial neural network (MTANN) for reduction of false positives in computerized detection of lung nodules in low-dose CT (2003)

In this study, we investigated a pattern-classification technique which can be trained with a small number of cases with a massive training artificial neural network (MTANN) for reduction of false positives in computerized detection of lung nodules in low-dose CT (LDCT). The MTANN consists of a modified multilayer artificial neural network (ANN), which is capable of operating on image data directly. The MTANN is trained by use of a large number of sub-regions extracted from input images together with the teacher images containing the distribution for the "likelihood of being a nodule." The output image is obtained by scanning of an input image with the MTANN. In the MTANN, the distinction between nodules and non-nodules is treated as an image-processing task, in other words, as a highly nonlinear filter that performs both nodule enhancement and non-nodule suppression. This allows us to train the MTANN not on a case basis, but on a sub-region basis. Therefore, the MTANN can be trained with a very small number of cases. Our database consisted of 101 LDCT scans acquired from 71 patients in a lung cancer screening program. The scans consisted of 2,822 sections, and contained 121 nodules including 104 nodules representing confirmed primary cancers. With our current CAD scheme, a sensitivity of 81.0% (98/121 nodules) with 0.99 false positives per section (2,804/2,822) was achieved. By use of the MTANN trained with a small number of training cases (n=10), i.e., five pairs of nodules and non-nodules, we were able to remove 55.8% of false positives without a reduction in the number of true positives, i.e., a classification sensitivity of 100%. Thus, the false-positive rate of our current CAD scheme was reduced from 0.99 to 0.44 false positive per section, while the current sensitivity (81.0%) was maintained.
Packet dropping with intra-flow prioritization for Internet video calls in mobile networks (2015)

Mobile data traffic has witnessed tremendous growth over the last few years. A key application driving that growth is Over-The-Top (OTT) applications. Yet very little is known about the OTT traffic characteristics. In this paper, we focus on delay-sensitive real-time Internet video call applications such as Skype. We propose a novel intra-flow prioritization packet dropping (IPPD) scheme for efficient congestion mitigation of OTT Internet applications in Mobile Broadband Networks, e.g. 3G, LTE, LTE-A, etc. Simulation results show a great increase of video call capacity in a LTE network. The necessary protocol enhancements for LTE networks are also discussed.
History-based harvesting of spare cycles and storage in large-scale datacenters (2016)

An effective way to increase utilization and reduce costs in datacenters is to co-locate their latency-critical services and batch workloads. In this paper, we describe systems that harvest spare compute cycles and storage space for co-location purposes. The main challenge is minimizing the performance impact on the services, while accounting for their utilization and management patterns. To overcome this challenge, we propose techniques for giving the services priority over the resources, and leveraging historical information about them. Based on this information, we schedule related batch tasks on servers that exhibit similar patterns and will likely have enough available resources for the tasks' durations, and place data replicas at servers that exhibit diverse patterns. We characterize the dynamics of how services are utilized and managed in ten large-scale production datacenters. Using real experiments and simulations, we show that our techniques eliminate data loss and unavailability in many scenarios, while protecting the co-located services and improving batch job execution time.
Hybrid optical retarders fabricated from liquid crystal polymer and form birefringent thin films (2008)

JDSU has developed a new family of optical retarders based on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and form birefringent dielectric thin film technologies. The manufacturing processes are wafer-based, allowing components up to 200mm diameter to be produced. The component designs allow customization over a wide range of retardance values with excellent accuracy, uniformity and low transmitted wavefront distortion. Form birefringent components are integrated monolithically with an LCP-based retarder to create flat retardance response of ±2nm over an incident cone angle of ±30degrees. This paper will present an overview of the technology, measured performance attributes and provide examples of product applications.
Single-Mode WGM Resonators Fabricated by Diamond Turning (2008)

A diamond turning process has made possible a significant advance in the art of whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonators. By use of this process, it is possible to fashion crystalline materials into WGM resonators that have ultrahigh resonance quality factors (high Q values), are compact (ranging in size from millimeters down to tens of microns), and support single electromagnetic modes. This development combines and extends the developments reported in Few- Mode Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonators (NPO-41256), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 30, No. 1 (January 2006), page 16a and Fabrication of Submillimeter Axisymmetric Optical Components (NPO-42056), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 31, No. 5 (May 2007), page 10a. To recapitulate from the first cited prior article: A WGM resonator of this special type consists of a rod, made of a suitable transparent material, from which protrudes a thin circumferential belt of the same material. The belt is integral with the rest of the rod and acts as a circumferential waveguide. If the depth and width of the belt are made appropriately small, then the belt acts as though it were the core of a single-mode optical fiber: the belt and the rod material adjacent to it support a single, circumferentially propagating mode or family of modes. To recapitulate from the second cited prior article: A major step in the fabrication of a WGM resonator of this special type is diamond turning or computer numerically controlled machining of a rod of a suitable transparent crystalline material on an ultrahigh-precision lathe. During the rotation of a spindle in which the rod is mounted, a diamond tool is used to cut the rod. A computer program is used to control stepping motors that move the diamond tool, thereby controlling the shape cut by the tool. Because the shape can be controlled via software, it is possible to choose a shape designed to optimize a resonator spectrum, including, if desired, to limit the resonator to supporting a single mode. After diamond turning, a resonator can be polished to increase its Q. By virtue of its largely automated, computer-controlled nature, the process is suitable for mass production of nominally identical single-mode WGM resonators. In a demonstration of the capabilities afforded by this development, a number of WGM resonators of various designs were fabricated side by side on the surface of a single CaF2 rod (see figure).