gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized network traffic engineering using segment routing (2015)

Segment Routing is a proposed IETF protocol to improve traffic engineering and online route selection in IP networks. The key idea in segment routing is to break up the routing path into segments in order to enable better network utilization. Segment routing also enables finer control of the routing paths and can be used to route traffic through middle boxes. This paper considers the problem of determining the optimal parameters for segment routing in the offline and online cases. We develop a traffic matrix oblivious algorithm for robust segment routing in the offline case and a competitive algorithm for online segment routing. We also show that both these algorithms work well in practice.
Reliability-Based Optimal Cluster Mill Pass Scheduling (2011)

Optimal pass-scheduling on cluster-type cold rolling mills, use to process flat metals, presents added challenges over conventional (vertical-stack) mills due to the complexity of roll arrangements. Cluster-type rolling mills not only pose difficulties in modeling deflections occurring in the multi-roll stack, they also impose the burden of modeling more sophisticated mechanisms used to adjust rolling force distribution and achieve desired strip flatness. In a competitive global market for very thin gauge strip, an advantage is gained through use of efficient mathematical set-up models that can adequately optimize the flatness actuators according to the target gauge reductions for each rolling pass. The mill’s process control computer should therefore determine a gauge reduction schedule leading to minimum number of passes, while simultaneously assigning nominal flatness control actuator set-points. Although recent developments in roll-stack deflection modeling using simplified, mixed finite element techniques have enabled more efficient roll-stack deflection modeling in 20-high and other cluster mills, the optimal pass-schedule problem is still complicated by the abundance of geometric and mechanical property variations in the strip or sheet to be processed. Furthermore, problems with strip flatness frequently arise because of uncertainties in roll diameter profiles resulting from variations in the roll grinding and roll wear patterns. In this paper, we extend recent work in pass schedule optimization (through improved rollstack deflection) by applying First Order Reliability Methods to rigorously account for various rolling process uncertainties. The results allow predictive probability constraints for strip flatness to be included in the optimization problem, thus enabling mill operators some insight and control into the likelihood of achieving desired strip flatness for a given rolling pass schedule.
Identification of Specific Pore Residues Mediating KCNQ1 Inactivation (2001)

KCNQ1 inactivation bears electrophysiological characteristics different from classical N- and C-type inactivation in Shaker-like potassium channels. However, the molecular site of KCNQ1 inactivation has not yet been determined. KCNQ2 channels do not exert a fast inactivation in contrast to KCNQ1 channels. By expressing functional chimeras between KCNQ1 and KCNQ2 in Xenopus oocytes, we mapped the region of this inactivation to transmembrane domain S5 and the pore loop H5 and finally narrowed down the site to positions Gly(272) and Val(307) in KCNQ1. Exchanging these two amino acids individually with the analogous KCNQ2 residue abolished inactivation. Furthermore, a KCNQ1-like inactivation was introduced into KCNQ2 by mutagenesis in the corresponding region, confirming its relevance for the inactivation process. As KCNQ1 inactivation involves the regions S5 and H5, it exhibits a geography distinct from N- or C-type inactivation. Native cardiac I(Ks) channels comprising KCNQ1 and accessory MinK subunits do not inactivate because of the functional interaction of KCNQ1 with MinK. Mutations in KCNQ1 can lead to long QT1 syndrome, an inherited form of arrhythmia. The long QT1 mutant KCNQ1(L273F) displays a pronounced KCNQ1 inactivation. Here we show that when expressing mutant I(Ks) channels formed from KCNQ1(L273F) and MinK, MinK association no longer eliminates KCNQ1 inactivation. This results in smaller repolarizing currents in the heart and therefore represents a novel mechanism leading to long QT syndrome.
Space-variant polarization state manipulation using subwavelength metal grating (2001)

Summary form only given. Subwavelength metal stripe gratings are usually used as homogenous space-variant polarizers. Sometimes, however, a different polarization state is required at each location. Such nonuniform space-variant polarization state is useful for polarization coding of data in optical communication, optical computers and neural networks, optical encryption, tight focusing, imaging polarimetry and for particle trapping and acceleration. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for designing, analyzing and realizing computer generated space-variant metal stripe polarization elements. The design method is based on determining the local direction and period of subwavelength metal stripe grating using vectorial optics to obtain any desired continuous polarization change, hence, completely suppressing any diffraction arising from polarization discontinuity. Analysis of the element can then be performed using an original method combining coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and Jones calculus, in which the element is represented as a space-varying Jones matrix, defined by the local period and orientation of the grating.
Human sphingosine kinase: purification, molecular cloning and characterization of the native and recombinant enzymes (2000)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a novel lipid messenger that has important roles in a wide variety of mammalian cellular processes including growth, differentiation and death. Basal levels of S1P in mammalian cells are generally low, but can increase rapidly and transiently when cells are exposed to mitogenic agents and other stimuli. This increase is largely due to increased activity of sphingosine kinase (SK), the enzyme that catalyses its formation. In the current study we have purified, cloned and characterized the first human SK to obtain a better understanding of its biochemical activity and possible activation mechanisms. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from human placenta using ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, calmodulin-affinity chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. This resulted in a purification of over 106-fold from the original placenta extract. The enzyme was cloned and expressed in active form in both HEK-293T cells and Escherichia coli, and the recombinant E. coli-derived SK purified to homogeneity. To establish whether post-translational modifications lead to activation of human SK activity we characterized both the purified placental enzyme and the purified recombinant SK produced in E. coli, where such modifications would not occur. The premise for this study was that post-translational modifications are likely to cause conformational changes in the structure of SK, which may result in detectable changes in the physico-chemical or catalytic properties of the enzyme. Thus the enzymes were characterized with respect to substrate specificity and kinetics, inhibition kinetics and various other physico-chemical properties. In all cases, both the native and recombinant SKs displayed remarkably similar properties, indicating that post-translational modifications are not required for basal activity of human SK.
Real-Time Wire Management System Improves Reliability and Efficiency in Slickline Service Operations (2006)

Abstract The technological enhancements, new tools, versatility, and cost efficiency of slickline services have increased its usage considerably in the last decade. However, an efficient method to capture the integrity of slickline wire prior to its use has not been available until recently. This paper will discuss a new Real-Time Wire-Management System that has been developed to predict the used life of the wire in slickline operations. The system uses a general wire model to detect fatigue failure in the wire. The model results are accumulated for the whole life of each drum of wire, and then, when the use life exceeds predetermined levels, the operator can remove the slickline tool and can make appropriate changes to the wire. A specified amount of line can be cut off to move the bending point to a new location, or the line can be reversed, extending the life of the whole unit by moving the operation to wire that was located previously at the core of the drum. Finally, the system can help the operator determine when a drum of wire should be discarded completely. Field applications have shown that this system can result in enhanced reliability in slickline operations and that cost savings from reductions in catastrophic operational events can be significant.
Mining Marketing Meaning from Online Chatter: Strategic Brand Analysis of Big Data Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (2014)

Online chatter, or user-generated content, constitutes an excellent emerging source for marketers to mine meaning at a high temporal frequency. This article posits that this meaning consists of extracting the key latent dimensions of consumer satisfaction with quality and ascertaining the valence, labels, validity, importance, dynamics, and heterogeneity of those dimensions. The authors propose a unified framework for this purpose using unsupervised latent Dirichlet allocation. The sample of user-generated content consists of rich data on product reviews across 15 firms in five markets over four years. The results suggest that a few dimensions with good face validity and external validity are enough to capture quality. Dynamic analysis enables marketers to track dimensions’ importance over time and allows for dynamic mapping of competitive brand positions on those dimensions over time. For vertically differentiated markets (e.g., mobile phones, computers), objective dimensions dominate and are similar across markets, heterogeneity is low across dimensions, and stability is high over time. For horizontally differentiated markets (e.g., shoes, toys), subjective dimensions dominate but vary across markets, heterogeneity is high across dimensions, and stability is low over time.
Fourier analysis of AIMS images for mask characterization (2003)

Mask characterization and qualification are becoming more and more difficult for high-end and alternating phase shifting masks. One choice is to use indirect methods like as SEM/AFM measurements to characterize mask performance. The indirect measurement has the disadvantage that the measured CD is not the true merit function. It is therefore tempting to use optical methods to characterize masks. The Zeiss AIMS (Aerial Image Measurement System) microscope is particular appealing for this task since it simulates the lithographic imaging optics. The key problem is the reliability and repeatability of the resulting AIMS measurements. The quality of the measurement depends strongly on the tool characteristic such as illumination stability and operator skill, e.g. for focus adjustment. In this paper we discuss the application of image processing and Fourier analysis techniques to AIMS images of periodic structures. By computing the Fourier series coefficients one obtains a very compact but complete description of the AIMS image over defocus. This computation and interpretation of the series coefficients allows to compensate many error influences such as mask rotation, tool magnification and focus adjustment. The algorithm is demonstrated on COG and alt. phase shifting mask measurements for a wavelength of 193nm and compared to the results obtained by simulation.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting Part 1: Potential uses, current challenges, and recommendations (2019)

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a powerful quantitative MRI technique capable of acquiring multiple property maps simultaneously in a short timeframe. The MRF framework has been adapted to a wide variety of clinical applications, but faces challenges in technical development, and to date has only demonstrated repeatability and reproducibility in small studies. In this review, we discuss the current implementations of MRF and their use in a clinical setting. Based on this analysis, we highlight areas of need that must be addressed before MRF can be fully adopted into the clinic and make recommendations to the MRF community on standardization and validation strategies of MRF techniques. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:675-692.
Successful Application of Multiscale Methods in a Real Reservoir Simulator Environment (2016)

For the past 10 years or so, a number of so-called multiscale methods have been developed as an alternative approach to upscaling and to accelerate reservoir simulation. The key idea of all these methods is to construct a set of prolongation operators that map between unknowns associated with cells in a fine grid holding the petrophysical properties of the geological reservoir model and unknowns on a coarser grid used for dynamic simulation. The prolongation operators are computed numerically by solving localized flow problems, much in the same way as for flow-based upscaling methods, and can be used to construct a reduced coarse-scale system of flow equations that describe the macro-scale displacement driven by global forces. Unlike effective parameters, the multiscale basis functions have subscale resolution, which ensures that fine-scale heterogeneity is correctly accounted for in a systematic manner. Among all multiscale formulations discussed in the literature, the multiscale restriction-smoothed basis (MsRSB) method has proved to be particularly promising. This method has been implemented in a commercially available simulator and has three main advantages. First, the input grid and its coarse partition can have general polyhedral geometry and unstructured topology. Secondly, MsRSB is accurate and robust when used as an approximate solver and converges relatively fast when used as an iterative fine-scale solver. Finally, the method is formulated on top of a cell-centered, conservative, finite-volume method and is applicable to any flow model for which one can isolate a pressure equation. We discuss numerical challenges posed by contemporary geomodels and report a number of validation cases showing that the MsRSB method is an efficient, robust, and versatile method for simulating complex models of real reservoirs.
microRNA-17 family promotes polycystic kidney disease progression through modulation of mitochondrial metabolism (2017)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent genetic cause of renal failure. Here we identify miR-17 as a target for the treatment of ADPKD. We report that miR-17 is induced in kidney cysts of mouse and human ADPKD. Genetic deletion of the miR-17∼92 cluster inhibits cyst proliferation and PKD progression in four orthologous, including two long-lived, mouse models of ADPKD. Anti-miR-17 treatment attenuates cyst growth in short-term and long-term PKD mouse models. miR-17 inhibition also suppresses proliferation and cyst growth of primary ADPKD cysts cultures derived from multiple human donors. Mechanistically, c-Myc upregulates miR-17∼92 in cystic kidneys, which in turn aggravates cyst growth by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and stimulating proliferation through direct repression of Pparα. Thus, miR-17 family is a promising drug target for ADPKD, and miR-17-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism represents a potential new mechanism for ADPKD progression.
MP-DASH (2016)

Compared with using only a single wireless path such as WiFi, leveraging multipath (e.g., WiFi and cellular) can dramatically improve users' quality of experience (QoE) for mobile video streaming. However, Multipath TCP (MPTCP), the de-facto multipath solution, lacks the support to prioritize one path over another. When applied to video streaming, it may cause undesired network usage such as substantial over-utilization of the metered cellular link. In this paper, we propose MP-DASH, a multipath framework for video streaming with the awareness of network interface preferences from users. The basic idea behind MP-DASH is to strategically schedule video chunks' delivery and thus satisfy user preferences. MP-DASH can work with a wide range of off-the-shelf video rate adaptation algorithms with very small changes. Our extensive field studies at 33 locations in three U.S. states suggest that MP-DASH is very effective: it can reduce cellular usage by up to 99% and radio energy consumption by up to 85% with negligible degradation of QoE, compared with off-the-shelf MPTCP.
Onboard Processing for Data Volume Reduction in High-Resolution Wide-Swath SAR (2016)

High-resolution wide-swath synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are very attractive for the observation of dynamic processes on the Earth's surface, but they require the downlink of a huge volume of data. In order to comply with azimuth ambiguity requirements, in fact, a pulse repetition frequency much higher than the required processed Doppler bandwidth is often desirable. The volume of downlinked data, however, can be drastically reduced by performing Doppler filtering and decimation on board. A finite-impulse-response filter with a relatively small number of taps suffices to suppress the additional ambiguous components and to recover the original impulse response. This strategy is of special relevance for staggered SAR systems, which are typically characterized by a high oversampling factor. The proposed data reduction technique is also baseline for Tandem-L, where onboard Doppler filtering, resampling, and decimation will be jointly implemented.
Broadband sensor location selection using convex optimization in very large scale arrays (2013)

Consider a sensing system using a large number of N microphones placed in multiple dimensions to monitor a broadband acoustic field. Using all the microphones at once is impractical because of the amount of data generated. Instead, we choose a subset of D microphones to be active. Specifically, we wish to find the set of D microphones that minimizes the largest interference gain at multiple frequencies while monitoring a target of interest. A direct, combinatorial approach — testing all N choose D subsets of microphones — is impractical because of the problem size. Instead, we use a convex optimization technique that induces sparsity through a il-penalty to determine which subset of microphones to use. We test the robustness of the our solution through simulated annealing and compare its performance against a classical beamformer which maximizes SNR. Since switching from a subset of D microphones to another subset of D microphones at every sample is possible, we construct a space-time-frequency sampling scheme that achieves near optimal performance.
The Emerging MVC Standard for 3D Video Services (2008)

Multiview video has gained a wide interest recently. The huge amount of data needed to be processed by multiview applications is a heavy burden for both transmission and decoding. The joint video team has recently devoted part of its effort to extend the widely deployed H.264/AVC standard to handle multiview video coding (MVC). The MVC extension of H.264/AVC includes a number of new techniques for improved coding efficiency, reduced decoding complexity, and new functionalities for multiview operations. MVC takes advantage of some of the interfaces and transport mechanisms introduced for the scalable video coding (SVC) extension of H.264/AVC, but the system level integration of MVC is conceptually more challenging as the decoder output may contain more than one view and can consist of any combination of the views with any temporal level. The generation of all the output views also requires careful consideration and control of the available decoder resources. In this paper, multiview applications and solutions to support generic multiview as well as 3D services are introduced. The proposed solutions, which have been adopted to the draft MVC specification, cover a wide range of requirements for 3D video related to interface, transport of the MVC bitstreams, and MVC decoder resource management. The features that have been introduced in MVC to support these solutions include marking of reference pictures, supporting for efficient view switching, structuring of the bitstream, signalling of view scalability supplemental enhancement information (SEI) and parallel decoding SEI.
Emitter-Coupled Spin-Transistor Logic: Cascaded Spintronic Computing Beyond 10 GHz (2015)

The cascading of logic gates is a critical challenge for the development of spintronic logic circuits. Here we propose the first logic family exploiting magnetoresistive bipolar spin-transistors to achieve a complete spintronic logic family in which logic gates can be cascaded. This logic family, emitter-coupled spin-transistor logic (ECSTL), is an extension of emitter-coupled logic (ECL) that leverages the advanced features of spintronic devices. The current through the ECL differential amplifier is routed to create a magnetic field that modulates the magnetoamplification of the spin-transistors. This cascading mechanism supplements the voltage cascading available in conventional ECL, providing additional inputs to each logic stage. Each gate therefore has increased logical functionality, leading to logic minimization and compact circuits. No additional current is required to employ this added spintronic switching, resulting in improved speed, area, and power characteristics. This logic family achieves a power-delay product 10-25 times smaller than conventional ECL, inspiring a pathway for high-performance spintronic computing beyond 10 GHz.
Suppression of Auger Processes in Confined Structures (2009)

We explore how the size and shape of the microscopic confinement potential affects the nonradiative Auger decay rate of confined carriers. Calculations conducted in the two-band, effective mass Kane model unambiguously show that smoothing out the confinement potential could reduce the rate by more than 3 orders of magnitude relative to the rate in structures with abruptly terminating boundaries. As the confinement potential width is increased, the calculated rate decreases overall, exhibiting very deep minima at regular widths. Such minima suggest that nanocrystals of "magic sizes" can exist for which nonradiative Auger processes are strongly suppressed.
Statistical techniques for online anomaly detection in data centers (2011)

Online anomaly detection is an important step in data center management, requiring light-weight techniques that provide sufficient accuracy for subsequent diagnosis and management actions. This paper presents statistical techniques based on the Tukey and Relative Entropy statistics, and applies them to data collected from a production environment and to data captured from a testbed for multi-tier web applications running on server class machines. The proposed techniques are lightweight and improve over standard Gaussian assumptions in terms of performance.