gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stoichiometric Phosphorylation of Human p53 at Ser315Stimulates p53-dependent Transcription (2001)

p53 protein activity as a transcription factor can be activated in vivo by antibodies that target its C-terminal negative regulatory domain suggesting that cellular enzymes that target this domain may play a role in stimulating p53-dependent gene expression. A phospho-specific monoclonal antibody to the C-terminal Ser(315) phospho-epitope was used to determine whether phosphorylation of endogenous p53 at Ser(315) can be detected in vivo, whether steady-state Ser(315) phosphorylation increases or decreases in an irradiated cell, and whether this phosphorylation event activates or inhibits p53 in vivo. A native phospho-specific IgG binding assay was developed for quantitating the extent of p53 phosphorylation at Ser(315) where one, two, three, or four phosphates/tetramer could be defined after in vitro phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent protein kinases. Using this assay, near-stoichiometric Ser(315) phosphorylation of endogenous p53 protein was detected in vivo after UV irradiation of MCF7 and A375 cells, coinciding with elevated p53-dependent transcription. Transfection of the p53 gene with an alanine mutation at the Ser(315) site into Saos-2 cells gave rise to a form of p53 protein with a substantially reduced specific activity as a transcription factor. The treatment of cells with the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor Roscovitine promoted a reduction in the specific activity of endogenous p53 or ectopically expressed p53. These results indicate that the majority of p53 protein has been phosphorylated at Ser(315) after irradiation damage and identify a cyclin-dependent kinase pathway that plays a role in stimulating p53 function.
Fib420: a normal human variant of fibrinogen with two extended alpha chains. (1994)

In fibrinogen, alpha E chains form a subpopulation of alpha subunits that are distinguished by a carboxyl extension homologous to the C termini of the other two constituent chains: beta and gamma. The molecular mass of alpha E is > 50% greater than that of the common alpha subunit, due in part to an extra 236 amino acids. These residues are encoded by exon VI, a recently discovered extension of the fibrinogen alpha gene. Additional mass is contributed by posttranslational processing, including N-glycosylation, which, based on experiments with the inhibitor tunicamycin, was found to account in large measure for alpha E migration on SDS/PAGE at approximately 110 kDa rather than at its calculated mass of 92,843 Da. An antibody specific for the exon VI-encoded domain of alpha E (anti-VI) and capable of recognizing alpha E-containing fibrinogen in both native and denatured form was generated using a recombinant protein as immunogen. Its use in Western blot analysis of fractions of normal human blood (plasma and preparations of fibrinogen) revealed a single, sharp, alpha E-containing band migrating behind the position of the broad, predominant fibrinogen band, (alpha beta gamma)2. Designation of the upper band as Fib420, an approximately 420-kDa homodimer of the formula (alpha E beta gamma)2, is based on the overwhelming proportion of alpha E subunits (> 80% of the total alpha chains) found in anti-VI-immunoprecipitable material from hepatoma cell medium. Several lines of evidence suggest that the alpha E subunit, alone or incorporated into fibrinogen, is more stable than the common alpha chain, a feature of potential clinical importance.
Image sequence stabilisation: motion vector integration (MVI) versus frame position smoothing (FPS) (2002)

Image sequence stabilisation is the task of removing unwanted camera movements (jitter) from a video sequence. While these jitter can be translational, rotational or zoom based, translational cases have a larger influence on visual perception and are most likely to result in visual appearance degradation that will upset the viewer. While most of the research in the area of image stabilisation has been concentrated in the motion estimation part, with the goal of accurate global motion estimation, the correction part has been given less attention. Two techniques have been reported for the correction of translational jitter: motion vector integration (MVI) and frame position smoothing (FPS). While most reported stabilisation systems have employed MVI, this paper shows that FPS outperforms this technique in that jitter stabilisation is accomplished while successfully preserving intentional camera motions, without the need to compromise as is the case in MVI.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO/SiO<sub>2</sub>by Nanosized Pt for Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Wastewater (2012)

ZnO- nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel technique from and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The synthesized samples were further modified by nanosized Pt from H 2 PtCl 6 solution through photoassisted deposition (PAD) and impregnation (Img) routes. The obtained samples were characterized by a series of techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity of the Pt-ZnO/ was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of phenol in synthetic wastewater under UV-irradiation. Results obtained revealed that the surface area and the photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples were increased in the order ZnO/ < PAD: Pt-ZnO/ < img: Pt-ZnO/. The surface area decreased from 480 to 460 and 450 m 2 /g, while the efficiency of the phenol degradation increased from 80 to 85 and 100%, with the ZnO/, Img: Pt-ZnO-, and PAD: Pt-ZnO- samples, respectively.
CW laser operation of Nd:YLF (1982)

CW laser operation of Nd:YLF is reported for the first time and, in a comparison to Nd:YAG, exhibits a lower threshold and higher single-mode average power. The TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode volume of Nd: YLF was observed to be a factor of four larger than Nd:YAG, resulting in twice the TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> mode average power. This result is attributed to the substantially lower thermal lensing of YLF with respect to YAG. In comparative measurements the stimulated emission cross section of Nd:YLF was found to be <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.8 \times 10^{-19}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the π oscillation and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.2 \times 10^{-19}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the σ oscillation, as compared to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.4 \times 10^{-19}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for Nd:YAG. The spectroscopic and lasing parameters of Nd:YLF indicate a potential for this material in high peak and average power <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched applications.
Nonisothermal Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation for Direct Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol (1998)

The enzymatic reaction in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is operated at a temperature much lower than its optimum level. This forces the enzyme activity to be far below its potential, consequently raising the enzyme requirement. To alleviate this problem, a nonisothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (NSSF) was investigated. The NSSF is devised so that saccharification and fermentation occur simultaneously, yet in two separate reactors that are maintained at different temperatures. Lignocellulosic biomass is retained inside a column reactor and hydrolyzed at the optimum temperature for the enzymatic reaction (50°C). The effluent from the column reactor is recirculated through a fermenter, which runs at its optimum temperature (20–30°C). The cellulase enzyme activity is increased by a factor of 2–3 when the hydrolysis temperature is raised from 30 to 50°C The NSSF process has improved the enzymatic reaction in the SSF to the extent that it reduces the overall enzyme requirement by 30–40%. The effect of temperature on β-glucosidase activity was the most significant among the individual cellulase compounds. Both ethanol yield and productivity in the NSSF are substantially higher than those in the SSF at the enzyme loading of 5 IFPU/g glucan. With 10 IFPU/g glucan, improvement in productivity was more discernible for the NSSF. The terminal yield attainable in 4 d with the SSF was reachable in 40 h with the NSSF.
Cyclosporine-Associated Chronic Nephropathy (1984)

We evaluated glomerular filtration in 17 recipients of heart transplants who were treated for 12 months or longer with cyclosporine (cyclosporin A). The control group consisted of 15 heart-transplant recipients who were treated with azathioprine and who had also survived for at least 12 months. Despite an equivalent cardiac output, the glomerular filtration rate was depressed (51 +/- 4 vs. 93 +/- 3 ml per minute, P less than 0.005) in transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. Cyclosporine treatment was also associated with reduced renal plasma flow (320 +/- 21 vs. 480 +/- 30 ml per minute, P less than 0.001). A trend toward restricted transglomerular transport of neutral dextrans (radii, 2.4 to 5.8 nm) in cyclosporine-treated recipients suggested an intrinsic loss of ultrafiltration capacity by glomerular capillaries rather than a hemodynamic basis for the reduced glomerular filtration rate. Histopathologic examination of the kidneys of five cyclosporine-treated patients with glomerular hypofiltration revealed a variable degree of tubulointerstitial injury accompanied by focal glomerular sclerosis. Among the 32 heart-transplant recipients treated for more than 12 months with cyclosporine at our center, end-stage renal failure developed in 2. We conclude that long-term cyclosporine therapy may lead to irreversible and potentially progressive nephropathy. We recommend that cyclosporine be used with restraint and caution until ways are found to mitigate its nephrotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF LACTIM ETHERS: PART II. REACTIONS WITH AMINES AND CARBANIONS (1979)

Abstract Die Reaktionen der Lactimether und ‐thioether (II), (V) und (VIII) mit verschiedenen Nucleophilen werden untersucht.
Identification of a <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Enterotoxin Region Required for Large Complex Formation and Cytotoxicity by Random Mutagenesis (1999)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a single polypeptide of 319 amino acids, has a unique multistep mechanism of action. In the first step, CPE binds to claudin proteins and/or a 50-kDa eukaryotic membrane protein receptor, forming a small ( approximately 90-kDa) complex. This small complex apparently then associates with a 70-kDa eukaryotic membrane protein, resulting in formation of a large complex that induces the onset of membrane permeability alterations. To better define the boundaries of CPE functional regions and to identify specific amino acid residues involved in various steps of CPE action, in this study we subjected the cloned cpe gene to random mutagenesis in XL-1 Red strains of Escherichia coli. Seven CPE random mutants with reduced cytotoxicity for Vero cells were phenotypically characterized for the ability to complete each step in CPE action. Five of these seven recombinant CPE (rCPE) random mutants (G49D, S59L, R116S, R137G, and S167P) exhibited binding characteristics similar to those of rCPE or native CPE, while the Y310C and W226Stop mutants showed reduced binding and no binding, respectively, to brush border membranes. Interestingly, two completely nontoxic mutants (G49D and S59L) were able to bind and form small complex but they did not mediate any detectable large complex formation. Another strongly attenuated mutant, R116S, formed reduced amounts of an anomalously migrating large complex. Collectively, these results provide further support for large complex formation being an essential step in CPE action and also identify the CPE region ranging from residues approximately 45 to 116 as important for large complex formation. Finally, we also report that limited removal of extreme N-terminal CPE sequences, which may occur in vivo during disease, stimulates cytotoxic activity by enhancing large complex formation.
Elaboration of P3HT/CNT/PCBM Composites for Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2007)

Abstract This Full Paper focuses on the preparation of single‐walled or multi‐walled carbon nanotube solutions with regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a fullerene derivative 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl) propyl‐1‐phenyl[6,6]C 61 (PCBM) using a high dissolution and concentration method to exactly control the ratio of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the P3HT/PCBM mixture and disperse the CNTs homogeneously throughout the matrix. The CNT/P3HT/PCBM composites are deposed using a spin‐coating technique and characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and by atomic force microscopy to underline the structure and the charge transfer between the CNTs and P3HT. The performance of photovoltaic devices obtained using these composites as a photoactive layer mainly show an increase of the short circuit current and a slight decrease of the open circuit voltage which generally leads to an improvement of the solar cell performances to an optimum CNT percentage. The best results are obtained with a P3HT/PCBM (1 : 1) mixture with 0.1 wt % multi‐walled carbon nanotubes with an open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.57 V, a current density at the short‐circuit ( I sc ) of 9.3 mA cm –2 and a fill factor of 38.4 %, which leads to a power conversion efficiency of 2.0 % (irradiance of 100 mW cm –2 spectroscopically distributed following AM1.5).
Coated conductors and their applications (2009)

The attractive perspectives offered by coated conductors, known as the 2nd generation of high temperature superconductors (2G-HTS), have triggered broad and fruitful R&D efforts to make them ready for the marketplace. The anisotropic features of YBCO and its weak-link behavior require the processing of almost single crystalline thin films into flat tapes of coated conductors by basically two different methods: RABiTS—rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates; and IBAD—ion-beam assisted deposition. Reliable processing technologies are now at hand, and critical current carrying capacities can be raised to almost 10–20% of the theoretically possible limit by optimizing current transfer through grain boundaries as well as flux pinning through control and design of the microstructural landscapes. The optimization of the in-field properties of the 2G-HTS wires, as well as the manufacturing of coated conductors with low ac losses and of assembled conductors for high current application remain active development areas. Cost reduction and more economic processing are still an issue. However, coated conductors are now beginning to penetrate the market, particularly for power and electrical applications, where savings in energy are essential and where the unique features of high temperature superconducting materials can be utilized.
Developing an information systems infrastructure with open source software (2004)

Up to now, most open source software deployments have been in invisible infrastructure applications running on back-office servers (GNU/Linux, Apache, and so on). Beaumont Hospital in Ireland recently started developing its overall information systems infrastructure by deploying more visible desktop and front-office open source applications in addition to GNU/Linux and Apache. In a two-phase open source implementation, Beaumont will save over /spl euro/ 20 million over five years.
Digitally Assisted ADCS. (2008)

Favourable results with the use of inhibitors of the angiotension I-converting enzyme in the therapy not only of high-renin but also normo-renin and low-renin hypertension revived interest in research in the area of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system. The use of classical radioimmunological, radiohistochemical receptor studies as well as of recent methods of molecular biology and pathology revealed that for the regulation of blood pressure and the extracellular volume and pathogenesis of hypertension not only RAS components in systemic blood are important but also local tissue RAS with an autocrine and paracrine action at the site of its origin. Cerebral RAS participates in the central cardiovascular regulation, in the control of the salt and water intake, the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and ACTH. In the cardiovascular apparatus RAS is responsible not only for vasoconstriction but it acts also as a growth factor promoting the development of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy. In the kidneys RAS decides on the blood flow, its distribution, glomerular filtration. Its excessive stimulation may contribute in arterial hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and in residual nephrons during chronic renal failure, to the change from functional hyperfiltration to irreversible structural damage of the nephron. Inhibitors of the converting enzyme not only reduce the peripheral vascular resistance in arterial hypertension but influence also the tissue production of angiotensin II and thus the regression of cardiovascular hypertrophy and progression of renal damage.
Clinical significance of sentinel lymph node isolated tumour cells in breast cancer (2011)

The advent of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and improvements in histopathological and molecular analysis have increased the rate at which isolated tumour cells (ITC) are identified. However, their biological and clinical significance has been the subject of much debate. In this article we review the literature concerning SLNB with particular reference to ITC. The controversies regarding histopathological assessment, clinical relevance and management implications are explored. The literature review was facilitated by Medline, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Published studies have reported divergent results regarding the biological significance and clinical implications of ITC in general and SLN ITC in particular. Some studies demonstrate no associations, whilst others have found these to be indicators of poor prognosis, associated with non-SLN involvement, in addition to local recurrence and distant disease. Absolute consensus regarding the optimal analytical technique for SLN has yet to be reached, particularly concerning immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques targeting cytokeratins and contemporary molecular analysis. The clinical relevance of ITC within the SLN should be primarily determined by the magnitude of their impact on patient management and outcome measures. The modest up-staging within current classification systems is justified and reflects the marginally poorer prognosis for women with SLN ITC. Management need not be altered where further axillary treatment with surgical clearance or radiotherapy and systemic adjuvant treatment are already indicated. However, in the absence of level-1 guidance, each case requires discussion with regard to other tumour and patient related factors in the context of the multidisciplinary team. The identification of ITC remains highly dependent on the analytical technique employed and there exists potential for stage migration and impact on management decisions. Evidence supporting the routine analysis of deeper tissue sections by IHC is lacking and molecular technologies should be restricted to research purposes at present.
Design & Evaluation of a Hybrid Switched Capacitor Circuit with Wide-Bandgap Devices for Compact MVDC PV Power Conversion (2017)

To better realize the benefits of a hybrid grid that includes DC distribution, new DC-DC converter technologies must be developed that are small, cheap, and efficient at the voltages and power levels relevant to grid integrations. This project will demonstrate the feasibility of a DC-DC converter that will serve as an interface between PV power plants and typical medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution lines. In this work, a novel power converter topology based on the hybrid switched capacitor boost converter, and using wide bandgap devices, was constructed and will be shown to significantly increase the power density of medium voltage converters. A prototype was designed, constructed and demonstrated to boost 600V to over 10 kV DC with >95.3% efficiency at >2.5 kW.
Aldose Reductase Inhibition in Diabetic Neuropathy: Clinical and Neurophysiological Studies of one Year's Treatment with Sorbinil (1988)

In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial the effect of Sorbinil (250 mg daily) on diabetic neuropathy was examined. After a 2-month run-in placebo period (with three major assessments) 21 patients were randomized to Sorbinil and 10 to placebo, and all were studied for a further 12 months with neurophysiological measurements at 3-month intervals of nerve conduction velocity in multiple nerves, autonomic function tests, vibration thresholds as well as clinical examination and an extensive self-assessment of symptoms. Two subjects on Sorbinil treatment developed a hypersensitivity reaction and were withdrawn. Metabolic control and severity of neuropathy was not significantly different between groups. There were no changes in symptoms as judged by self-assessment scores. No patient entered the trial with neuropathic ulcers but ulceration developed in 4 patients during Sorbinil treatment and in 1 of the placebo group. No beneficial effect of Sorbinil was demonstrated on either the clinical manifestation or on the neurophysiological measurements made in these neuropathic diabetic patients over 12 months of treatment.
Development of 3D hydrogel culture systems with on‐demand cell separation (2013)

Recently there has been an increased interest in the effects of paracrine signaling between groups of cells, particularly in the context of better understanding how stem cells contribute to tissue repair. Most current 3D co-culture methods lack the ability to effectively separate two cell populations after the culture period, which is important for simultaneously analyzing the reciprocal effects of each cell type on the other. Here, we detail the development of a 3D hydrogel co-culture system that allows us to culture different cell types for up to 7 days and subsequently separate and isolate the different cell populations using enzyme-sensitive glues. Separable 3D co-culture laminates were prepared by laminating PEG-based hydrogels with enzyme-degradable hydrogel adhesives. Encapsulated cell populations exhibited good segregation with well-defined interfaces. Furthermore, constructs can be separated on-demand upon addition of the appropriate enzyme, while cell viability remains high throughout the culture period, even after laminate separation. This platform offers great potential for a variety of basic cell signaling studies as the incorporation of an enzyme-sensitive adhesive interface allows the on-demand separation of individual cell populations for immediate analysis or further culture to examine persistence of co-culture effects and paracrine signaling on cell populations.