gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Transplantation or Chemotherapy After Remission Induction for Adults with Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia (1984)

We compared the outcome of marrow transplantation with that of continued chemotherapy for adults with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia who achieve a first remission. From May 1977 to July 1982, 111 consecutive adults (ages 17 to 50) with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were treated with induction chemotherapy. Ninety patients (81%) had a complete remission. Forty-four remission patients had available donors: 33 received a transplant and 11 did not. Forty-six patients in remission without matched donors were treated with continued chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year, disease-free survival from complete remission are 49% +/- 18% for the transplant group and 20% +/- 13% for the chemotherapy group. When compared to the chemotherapy group, patients undergoing transplantation had a higher risk of dying during the first 6 months after remission induction but a lower risk of dying thereafter. Within the transplant group, only age influenced survival. Within the chemotherapy group, a leukocyte count of greater than 10 000 mm3 at diagnosis, a French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group morphologic status of M-4, M-5, or M-6, and the presence of infection at diagnosis were all associated with shorter survival.
Industrial Evolution in Response to Changes in the Demand for Traceability and Assurance: A Case Study of Chilean Salmon Aquaculture (2005)

The structure and organization of industries evolves over time in response to changes in the price and availability of inputs, changes in the demand for outputs and output attributes, and changes in technology. The growing demand for traceability and assurance is a change in the demand for credence attributes. Firms that are able to organize to provide traceability and assurance at low cost will, ceteris paribus, have an advantage. In recent years, many segments of the food and agribusiness industry have become more concentrated through horizontal or vertical integration within firms or within associations of firms (cooperatives). This paper explores changes to the relative competitiveness of vertically integrated firms and horizontally and vertically aligned cooperative associations in response to demand for traceability and assurance with respect to food safety, product quality, and credence attributes. The Chilean salmon aquaculture industry is used as a contextual example.
Vibration welding of thermoplastics. Part II: Analysis of the welding process (1988)

Abstract The vibration welding process for thermoplastics is known to consist of four phases: (1) initial heating of the interface to the melting temperature by Coulomb friction; (2) unsteady melting and flow in the lateral direction; (3) steady‐state flow; and (4) unsteady flow and solidification of the film after the vibratory motion is stopped. Simple analytical models are developed for the first three phases. These models are used for estimating the molten film thickness, the size of the heat affected zone, and the weld time as functions of the weld parameters: the amplitude and frequency of the weld motion, and the weld pressure. The steady‐state film thickness and the heat‐affected zone are shown to be very small.
Contact Take-Off Characteristics of Proximity Recording Air Bearing Sliders in Magnetic Hard Disk Drives (1999)

A partial contact air bearing model and Archard’s wear law are used to investigate the air bearing and wear characteristics of proximity recording sliders during a take-off process. The air bearing pitch torque, pitch and contact force are used to characterize the contact take-off process. In addition, the wear factor derived from the Archard’s wear law is employed to measure the take-off performance. The results indicate the existence of two distinct take-off stages: a period of rapidly increasing pitch preceding a relatively steady take-off event. The proper range of taper angle and step height, which produce a rapid initial pitch increase and steady subsequent take-off as well as less wear in the head/disk interface, are determined through simulation. While the simulation results demonstrate the negligible effect of crown height on the rate of the initial pitch increase, larger crown values are shown to yield higher pitch and smaller wear in the head/disk interface during the take-off process. In summary, the partial contact air bearing simulation and the wear factor calculation of the take-off process, developed in this study, offers a fast and accurate analytical tool to optimize ABS design for the fast take-off performance.
Level monitoring system with pulsating sensor—Application to online level monitoring of dashpots in a fast breeder reactor (2015)

An innovative continuous type liquid level monitoring system constructed by using a new class of sensor, viz., pulsating sensor, is presented. This device is of industrial grade and it is exclusively used for level monitoring of any non conducting liquid. This instrument of unique design is suitable for high resolution online monitoring of oil level in dashpots of a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. The sensing probe is of capacitance type robust probe consisting of a number of rectangular mirror polished stainless steel (SS-304) plates separated with uniform gaps. The performance of this novel instrument has been thoroughly investigated. The precision, sensitivity, response time, and the lowest detection limit in measurement using this device are <0.01 mm, ∼100 Hz/mm, ∼1 s, and ∼0.03 mm, respectively. The influence of temperature on liquid level is studied and the temperature compensation is provided in the instrument. The instrument qualified all recommended tests, such as environmental, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility, and seismic tests prior to its deployment in nuclear reactor. With the evolution of this level measurement approach, it is possible to provide dashpot oil level sensors in fast breeder reactor for the first time for continuous measurement of oil level in dashpots of Control & Safety Rod Drive Mechanism during reactor operation.
Biochemistry and pharmacology of reversible inhibitors of MAO-A agents: focus on moclobemide. (1993)

Moclobemide, p-chloro-N-[morpholinoethyl]benzamide, is a prototype of RIMA (reversible inhibitor of MAO-A) agents. The compound possesses antidepressant efficacy that is comparable to that of tricyclic and polycyclic antidepressants. In humans, moclobemide is rapidly absorbed after a single oral administration and maximum concentration in plasma is reached within an hour. It is moderately to markedly bound to plasma proteins. MAO-A inhibition rises to 80% within two hours; the duration of MAO inhibition is usually between eight and ten hours. The activity of MAO is completely reestablished within 24 hours of the last dose, so that a quick switch to another antidepressant can be safely undertaken if clinical circumstances demand. RIMAs are potent inhibitors of MAO-A in the brain; they increase the free cytosolic concentrations of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in neuronal cells and in synaptic vesicles. Extracellular concentrations of these monoamines also increase. In the case of moclobemide, increase in the level of serotonin is the most pronounced. Moclobemide administration also leads to increased monoamine receptor stimulation, reversal of reserpine induced behavioral effects, selective depression of REM sleep, down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors and increases in plasma prolactin and growth hormone levels. It reduces scopolamine-induced performance decrement and alcohol induced performance deficit which suggest a neuroprotective role. Tyramine potentiation with moclobemide and most other RIMA agents is negligible.
Beam intensity striations and applications (2003)

The single-element spectrogram for a continuous broadband signal, plotted as a function of range, has been shown to exhibit striated bands of intensity maxima and minima. The slope of the striations is an invariant of the modal interference and is described by a waveguide invariant parameter "beta." The striation pattern is analyzed and modeled in this paper for the beam outputs of a horizontal line array obtained by conventional beamforming. Array beamforming makes it possible to measure the waveguide invariant parameter for weak signals due to the enhancement of signal levels by the array gain over that of a single element. It is shown that the signal beam spectrogram as a function of range exhibits the same striation pattern as that (predicted) for a single element. Specifically, for a broadside signal, the beam striation is identical to that of a single-element plus a constant signal gain. For a nonbroadside target, the signal beam intensity will be modified by a frequency-bearing dependent signal gain due to the signal spread over multiple beams, nevertheless the beam spectrogram retains the same striation pattern (slope) as for a single element. The sidelobe beams (outside the canonical cones containing the signal arrivals) exhibit an entirely different striation pattern as a function of frequency and range. For array processing, it is shown that a fast range-rate, close range target and a distant, slow range-rate interference source will have a different striation pattern (slope) in the corresponding beam spectrograms as a function of time, assuming no prior knowledge of the source ranges. The difference in the striations between the beam spectrograms can be used in array processing to suppress the interference contribution. A 5-7 dB interference suppression is demonstrated using simulated data.
Evaluation of ball and disc wear scar data in the HFRR lubricity test (2007)

Abstract The high‐frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) lubricity tester has become a widespread method for determining the lubricity of diesel fuels. The test is a ball‐on‐disc method, in which a steel ball scrapes over a steel disc immersed in the liquid to be tested. According to standards, the wear scar generated on the ball, in the form of the average of the x ‐ and y ‐axes, is used for evaluating the lubricity of the sample. Generally, the smaller the wear scar, the greater the lubricity of the sample. However, a wear scar is also generated on the disc. The size of the wear scar on the disc also depends on the lubricity of the sample. In this work, the wear scar data of the balls and discs of 230 samples related to the testing of biodiesel and related compounds with petrodiesel were evaluated. Data comparisons for all wear scar combinations correlated well by linear regression. Although correlations are slightly better when using only ball wear scar data ( r 2 > 0.99), other wear scar data, including those generated on the disc, appear just as useable ( r 2 ≈ 0.97–0.99) for evaluating lubricity by the HFRR test. The wear scars on the disc have the advantage of being more easily measurable and recognisable under the microscope, especially if the wear scars are small. Limits for all wear scar values corresponding to current limits for average ball wear scar data in standards are presented. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Room temperature polariton lasing in III-nitride microcavities: a comparison with blue GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (2009)

The authors report on room temperature (RT) lasing action in two different types of nitride-based microcavities (MCs): vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and polariton lasers which operate in the weak and in the strong coupling regime, respectively. Following a brief description of these two operating regimes, an analysis of lasing action at RT is reported for a crack-free planar VCSEL structure based on a bottom lattice-matched AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a top dielectric DBR. The cavity region, formed by <i>n</i>- and <i>p</i>-type GaN layers surrounding only three InGaN/GaN quantum wells, corresponds to a typical active region suitable for an electrically driven VCSEL. Processing issues of such planar VCSEL structures and electroluminescence characteristics of processed devices are also reported. Then, an alternative approach relying on the realization of coherent GaN-MC light sources based on the spontaneous decay of a macroscopic polariton population, the so-called polariton laser, is described. It is shown that this kind of devices could work at RT with a potentially much lower threshold current density than VCSELs as it does not necessitate reaching population inversion conditions. As for VCSELs, we demonstrate laser-like properties above threshold, i.e. an intense polarized emission and a strong spectral narrowing. Differences of polariton lasers with conventional lasers are also highlighted.
Thermal Decomposition of Kraft Lignin under Gas Atmospheres of Argon, Hydrogen, and Carbon Dioxide (2018)

The behaviors of thermal decomposition of kraft lignin under three different gases (Ar, CO₂, or H₂) were analyzed and compared using a temperature-programmed decomposition-mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) system. Experimental results indicated that Ar atmosphere produced the highest yield of solid chars, while H₂ atmosphere generated the highest yield of liquids and CO₂ atmosphere had the highest yield of gases. TPD-MS results showed that H₂ atmosphere was consumed at the temperature range from 205 to 810 °C and CO₂ atmosphere was consumed at the temperature range from 185 to 1000 °C. The H₂ promoted the cleavage of lignin side chains and significantly enhanced the formation of CH₄, C₆H₆, HCHO, C₆H₅OH, CH₃OH, and tars. The percentages of water in produced liquids were 90.1%, 85.3%, and 95.5% for Ar, H₂, and CO₂ as atmosphere, respectively. The H₂ yielded more organic chemicals in produced liquids compared to the other two gases. The observed organic chemicals were mainly acetic acid, phenols, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters. BET surface areas of solid products were 11.3, 98.5, and 183.9 m²/g for Ar., H₂, and CO₂ as the atmosphere, respectively. C⁻H⁻O⁻N⁻S elemental and morphology analyses on solid products indicated that the lowest carbon content and the highest oxygen content were obtained if Ar atmosphere was used, while H₂ and CO₂ yielded more carbon in final solid products. Solid products obtained under CO₂ or H₂ atmosphere contained sphere-shaped nanoparticles.
Drosophila as a tool for the rapid assessment of chemicals for teratogenicity (1982)

Drosophila melanogaster is being investigated for its potential to aid in identifying priority chemicals for teratologic study. The method encompasses treating larvae over the entire metamorphosis period, i.e., from the egg through three instar stages to pupa formation, by incorporating the test chemical into the medium. Adult flies are systematically examined under a binocular microscope for external morphological anomalies. Data from treated flies can be compared with those from concurrent control flies using standard statistical tests. Results from this developmental work reveal a dramatic and reproducible response of Drosophila to various chemical treatments. Validation studies, testing known teratogens and nonteratogens, are necessary before such a system can be incorporated into existing teratologic screening regimens.
Effects of Resistant Starch Type III Polymorphs on Human Colon Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Human Gut Models (2008)

This study probed the possible effects of type III resistant starch (RS) crystalline polymorphism on RS fermentability by human gut microbiota and the short chain fatty acids production in vitro. Human fecal pH-controlled batch cultures showed RS induces an ecological shift in the colonic microbiota with polymorph B inducing Bifidobacterium spp. and polymorph A inducing Atopobium spp. Interestingly, polymorph B also induced higher butyrate production to levels of 0.79 mM. In addition, human gut simulation demonstrated that polymorph B promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the proximal part of the colon and double their relative proportion in the microbiota in the distal colon. These findings suggest that RS polymorph B may promote large bowel health. While the findings are limited by study constraints, they do raise the possibility of using different thermal processing to delineate differences in the prebiotic capabilities of RS, especially its butryrogenicity in the human colon.
A new outsourcing conditional proxy re‐encryption suitable for mobile cloud environment (2016)

Summary The mobile cloud is a highly heterogenous and constantly evolving network of numerous portable devices utilizing the powerful back‐end cloud infrastructure to overcome their severe deficiency in computing resource and offer various services such as data sharing. Inherently, in mobile cloud, the risk of user privacy invasion by the cloud operator is high. The conditional proxy re‐encryption (CPRE) is a useful concept for secure group data sharing via cloud while preserving the privacy of the shared data from any unintended third parties including the cloud operator. Unfortunately, the state‐of‐art CPRE is not particularly designed for mobile cloud environment and therefore imposes heavy burdens to the weak mobile cloud clients. This paper introduces a new CPRE scheme, namely the CPRE for mobile cloud, which utilizes the back‐end cloud to the extreme extent so that the overhead of terminals is drastically reduced. Specifically, our scheme outsources a significant amount of computation overhead caused by the following functions at terminals: (a) re‐encryption key generation, (b) condition value change, and (c) decryption, to the cloud. The proposed scheme also allows users to verify the correctness of outsourced computation under refereed delegation of computation model. Our simulation results show CPRE for mobile cloud that outperforms its existing alternatives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lanthanide-sensitized luminescence and applications to the determination of organic analytes. A review (1993)

J. Georges, Analyst, 1993, 118, 1481 DOI: 10.1039/AN9931801481
A 460 GOPS/W Improved Mnemonic Descent Method-Based Hardwired Accelerator for Face Alignment (2020)

The mnemonic descent method (MDM) algorithm is the first end-to-end recurrent convolutional system for high-accuracy face alignment. However, the heavy computational complexity and high memory access demands make it difficult to satisfy the requirements of real-time applications. To address this problem, an improved MDM (I-MDM) algorithm is proposed for efficient hardware implementation based on several hardware-oriented optimizations. First, a patch merging mechanism is introduced to dynamically cluster and eliminate redundant landmarks, which significantly reduces computational complexity with minimal accuracy loss. Second, a dedicated convolutional layer is inserted to halve the number of computations and memory access of the subsequent fully connected layer, yielding a 4.42% decrease in the failure rate. Third, a lightweight preprocessing method named dual regressors is proposed to reinitialize face images, which can greatly improve the overall accuracy. Moreover, compared with a similar method, the DR method can reduce computations and memory storage by nearly 99.9%. Overall and compared with the MDM algorithm, I-MDM not only reduces the number of computations by 23.5% but also decreases the failure rate by 17.9% on the 300 W test set. Based on the proposed I-MDM algorithm, an I-MDM-based hardwired accelerator is presented using the TSMC 65 nm CMOS process. First, compared with similar solutions, the gradient calculation operation is rearranged and loaded pixels are reused in the HoG feature extraction to eliminate all division operations and 25% off-chip memory access. Second, patch-independent central activations are used to enable patch-level pipelined operations, yielding a 2× acceleration in the overall process. This accelerator achieves 460 GOPS/W energy efficiency at 330 MHz, which is 38× higher than the most recent face alignment accelerator with the same process.
REAL ESTATE EXPOSURE OF US BANKING INDUSTRY STOCK RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL MARKETS (2018)

This study is the first to address the exposure of banking industry stock returns to both the commercial and residential real estate markets. The empirical findings show that U.S. banking industry stock returns are significantly sensitive to real estate market returns after controlling for stock market, interest rate, and exchange rate effects. Moreover, the commercial and residential real estate markets have very different effects on banking industry stock returns. Furthermore, the effects on banking industry stock returns are state-dependent. The findings have valuable implications for investors, managers and regulatory authorities.
Validation of a New System of Tracheal Sound Analysis for the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (2004)

The fully automated tracheal sound analysis demonstrated a relatively high performance in the diagnosis of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. We think that this method is useful for the portable monitoring of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.
Current Status of the Measurement of Blood Hepcidin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease (2010)

Hepcidin is a small defensin-like peptide produced in the liver in response to anemia, hypoxia, or inflammation. In addition to its anti-microbial properties, it has also been found to be a key regulator of iron utilization, providing increased understanding of why chronic kidney disease patients absorb iron poorly from the gut and also why many hemodialysis patients develop functional iron deficiency in the presence of inflammation. Hepcidin synthesis is upregulated in uremia, as in other inflammatory states. The ability to measure hepcidin in biologic fluids has stimulated interest in the potential applicability of this measurement as a more informative marker of iron status than the traditional iron indices such as serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Until recently, however, the assays for measuring hepcidin have lacked precision, accuracy, and internal validation. Over the last few years, however, several assays have become available that address these limitations. Broadly speaking, these can be divided into radioimmunoassays, ELISAs, and mass spectrometry methods. The purpose of this review is to outline the various assays available at the present time, to critique their advantages and limitations, and to report comparative data in patients with chronic kidney disease. A concern with the immunoassays is that they detect more than biologically active hepcidin-25. Mass spectrometric assays are specific for hepcidin-25 but are labor intensive and require more costly and sophisticated instrumentation. Thus, although mass spectrometry is more accurate, it is less practical for routine clinical use at the present time.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>102</mml:mn><mml:mi>ℏ</mml:mi><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:math>Large Area Atom Interferometers (2011)

We demonstrate atom interferometers utilizing a novel beam splitter based on sequential multiphoton Bragg diffractions. With this sequential Bragg large momentum transfer (SB-LMT) beam splitter, we achieve high contrast atom interferometers with momentum splittings of up to 102 photon recoil momenta (102ℏk). To our knowledge, this is the highest momentum splitting achieved in any atom interferometer, advancing the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude. We also demonstrate strong noise correlation between two simultaneous SB-LMT interferometers, which alleviates the need for ultralow noise lasers and ultrastable inertial environments in some future applications. Our method is intrinsically scalable and can be used to dramatically increase the sensitivity of atom interferometers in a wide range of applications, including inertial sensing, measuring the fine structure constant, and detecting gravitational waves.
Meaning and purpose of macroeconomic and fiscal policy guidelines in Croatia (2012)

This article aims to clarify the meaning and purpose of macroeconomic and fiscal policy guidelines, which are the basis for drawing up and adopting