gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determinants of α-Conotoxin BuIA Selectivity on the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor β Subunit (2006)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentamers composed of alpha and beta subunits. Different molecular compositions of these subunits constitute various receptor subtypes that are implicated in the pathophysiology and/or treatment of several disease states but are difficult to distinguish pharmacologically. Alpha-conotoxins are a group of small, structurally defined peptides that may be used to molecularly dissect the nAChR-binding site. Heteromeric nAChRs generally contain either a beta2 or beta4 subunit in addition to an alpha subunit at the ligand-binding interface. Alpha-conotoxin BuIA kinetically distinguishes between beta2- and beta4-containing nAChRs, with long off times for the latter. Mutational studies were used to assess the influence of residues that line the putative acetylcholine-binding pocket but differ between beta2 and beta4 subunits. Residues Thr/Lys59, Val/Ile111, and Phe/Gln119 of the respective beta2 and beta4 subunits are critical to off-rate differences. Among these residues, Thr59 of nAChR beta2 may interfere with effective access to the binding site, whereas Lys59 may facilitate this binding.
Detection of an allergen in dog dander that cross‐reacts with the major cat allergen, Fel d 1 (2006)

This is the first report demonstrating the presence of an Fel d 1-like allergen in dog dander extracts, which may be responsible for double positivity to cat and dog in serology. However, the clinical relevance of this cross-sensitization needs to be confirmed. These results are important for the diagnostic and therapeutic use of dog dander allergen extracts.
Dispensing nanolitre droplets for liquid nanoprinting and nanopatterning (2010)

Nano- and pico-droplets have been extracted and dispensed from sessile drop or liquid film reservoirs through pyroelectric effect activated by a hot tip or an IR laser source on polar dielectric substrates. The manipulation of liquids in 2D and 3D was demostrated without the need of high-voltage power supplies and/or circuits.
0367 Genetic evaluation of mastitis, metritis, and ketosis in Holstein cattle using producer recorded data (2016)

The objective of this study was to develop a genetic evaluation of mastitis (MAST), metritis (MET), and ketosis (KET) from producer recorded data. The period from calving to 60 d postpartum is one of the most challenging times in a cow's lactation when up to 75% of diseases occur. Dairy producers routinely collect health data for management purposes, and these data are also valuable for genetic evaluation. Limited genetic evaluation of these traits exists. Data from on farm management systems was mined by finding keywords that would indicate that a cow had a case of one of the diseases. Only cases within the first 60 d of a cow's first lactation were used. A total of 3264,415, 2822,312, and 2035,174 observations from first lactation Holsteins coming from 776, 593, and 421 farms were used in the evaluations of MAST, MET, and KET, respectively. ASReml was used to fit a linear sire model with an eight-generation pedigree. For each trait a mean as well as herd-year-season of calving and age at first calving were fitted as fixed effects. The random genetic effect of sire was used for all traits. The mean first lactation disease incidence was 16%, 10%, and 3% for MAST, MET, and KET, respectively. The heritability of MAST, MET, and KET was 2%, 4%, and 3%, respectively. There was genetic variation between the best 10% and the worst 10% of sires by EBV. On average the disease incidences of the bottom 10% of sires was higher than the incidences of the top 10% of sires by 5%, 8%, 4% for MAST, MET, and KET, respectively. MAST, MET, and KET have a large economic impact on dairies, and selecting sires whose daughters have lower disease incidence is a cost effective way to make cumulative and permanent change in the population. Given the low heritability of these traits and the wide array of economically relevant traits in dairy, these should be incorporated into a selection index to achieve healthier transition cows.
Dual Frequency Range Antenna System. (1980)

Abstract : Disclosed is an antenna system designed to operate in two frequency ranges simultaneously, namely S-band (1660 to 1700MHz) and X-band (8500 to 9600MHz). The system comprises two separate antennas which are conically scanned and share a common parabolic reflector within a radome. The S-band antenna is adapted for passive angle tracking and reception of radiosonde data by means of a balun fed dipole feed system which includes an offset hemispherical reflector which is rotated by a scan motor to provide conical scanning. The X-band antenna comprises an active feed system which includes a stationary feedhorn and a tapered dielectric lens which is coupled to the S-band hemispherical reflector and is rotated therewith about an axis through the vertex of the parabolic reflector. The tapered lens tilts the constant phase front of the X-band radiation pattern thereby producing a displaced phase center near the focus of the antenna to implement its respective conical scanning operation. (Author)
Mathematical Model of Heterogeneous Electrochemical Capacitors and Calculation of Their Parameters (2006)

A mathematical model of heterogeneous electrochemical supercapacitors (HES) is proposed which makes it possible to develop capacitors with optimal designs and make calculations of their energy, capacity, and power parameters. Special attention is paid to the processes which occur in electrodes with double electric layer (DEL) of HES capacitors during their charge and discharge by different currents. It is demonstrated theoretically that in the efficiency of HES capacitors' operation, an important role is played by distribution of the potential along the thickness of electrodes with DEL. In order to build capacitors with improved parameters and optimal design, it is of paramount importance to take account of the type and value of conductivity of the material of the electrode with DEL and conductivity of the electrolyte in its pores. Analysis is performed to determine the efficiency of system capacitors' operation subject to thickness, conductivity, and specific capacitance of the electrode with DEL. It is established that energy and capacity parameters of the capacitors depend to a great extent on conductivity of their negative electrodes and electrolytes. It is demonstrated that there are different mechanisms of losses of energy and charge of the capacitors during their charge, discharge, and storage.
The low-field density peak in helicon discharges (2003)

Although the density n in helicon discharges increases monotonically with magnetic field B for B larger than a few hundred gauss, as expected from theory, a pronounced density peak is often observed at B∼50 G or below. A peak in antenna loading is indeed found in computations using a fluid code as long as reflections from an endplate are taken into account. Various tests show that this peak is caused by constructive interference from the reflected wave. This effect can be used in the design of compact helicon plasma injectors. In addition, it can be the cause of density enhancements previously observed using cusped magnetic fields or aperture limiters.
Laser assisted fabrication of copper traces on dielectrics by electroless plating (2018)

A new technology for circuit traces production: Selective Surface Activation Induced by Laser (SSAIL) enables to fabricate fine metallic structure on dielectric materials – polymers and glass. SSAIL contains three main steps: The first step is surface modification by laser, second – chemical activation of modified areas and the last step is metal deposition by electroless plating. A Picosecond laser was used for writing. The method has been investigated in detail for wide window of laser processing parameters. Sheet resistance measurement of finally plated sample and laser processed surface roughness measurement were carried out. This new technique can reduce production cost of circuit traces for molded interconnect devices.
Simple and objective method for routine detection of the macular pigment xanthophyll (2010)

A new simple method for two-dimensional determination of optical density of macular pigment xanthophyll (ODx) in clinical routine is based on a single blue-reflection fundus image. Individual different vignetting is corrected by a shading function. For its construction, nodes are automatically found in structureless image regions. The influence of stray light in elderly crystalline lenses is compensated by a correction function that depends on age. The reproducibility of parameters in a one-wavelength reflection method determined for three subjects (47, 61, and 78 years old) was: maxODx = 6.3%, meanODx = 4.6%, volume = 6%, and area = 6% already before stray-light correction. ODx was comparable in pseudophakic and in an eye with a crystalline lens of the same 11 subjects after stray-light correction. Significant correlation in ODx was found between the one-wavelength reflection method and the two-wavelength autofluorescence method for pseudophakic and cataract eyes of 19 patients suffering from dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (R(2) = 0.855). In pseudophakic eyes, maxODx was significantly lower for dry AMD (n = 45) (ODx = 0.491±0.102 ODU) than in eyes with healthy fundus (n = 22) (ODx = 0.615±0.103 ODU) (p = 0.000033). Also in eyes with crystalline lens, maxODx was lower in AMD (n = 125) (ODx = 0.610±0.093 ODU) than in healthy subjects (n = 45) (ODx = 0.674±0.098 ODU) (p = 0.00019). No dependence on age was found in the pseudophakic eyes both of healthy subjects and AMD patients.
A novel solid oxide redox flow battery for grid energy storage (2011)

In this work we report proof-of-concept of a novel redox flow battery consisting of a solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOEC) integrated with a redox-cycle unit. The charge/discharge characteristics were explicitly observed by operating between fuel cell and electrolysis modes of the SOEC along with “in-battery” generation and storage of H2 realized by an in situ closed-loop reversible steam-metal reaction in the redox-cycle unit. With Fe/FeO as the redox materials, the new storage battery can produce an energy capacity of 348 Wh/kg-Fe and round-trip efficiency of 91.5% over twenty stable charge/discharge cycles. This excellent performance combined with robustness, environmental friendliness and sustainability promise the new battery to be a transformational energy storage device for grid application.
New Nadh-Dependent Dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus Strains for Synthesis and Analysis (1990)

Screening procedures among strains of the genus Lactobacillus reveal several interesting NADH-dependent enzymes suitable for the production of chiral compounds as well as for analytical purposes. The most important biochemical properties are presented including the specific activities of the highly purified enzymes: Lactobacillus confusus : L-Hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase (30 U/mg for ketoisocaproate), an enzyme suitable for the production of aliphatic and aromatic L-Zhydroxyacids as L-hydroxyisocaproate or L-phenyllactate (Schutte et al., 1984). Lactobacillus casei: D-Hydroxyisocaproate dehydroganase (25 U/mg for ketoisocaproate), suitable for the production of aliphatic and aromatic D-Zhydroxyacids
HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein induces "maturation" of dimeric retroviral RNA in vitro. (1996)

After a retrovirus particle is released from the cell, the dimeric genomic RNA undergoes a change in conformation. We have previously proposed that this change, termed maturation of the dimer, is due to the action of nucleocapsid (NC) protein on the RNA within the virus particle. We now report that treatment of a 345-base synthetic fragment of Harvey sarcoma virus RNA with recombinant or synthetic HIV-1 NC protein converts a less stable form of dimeric RNA to a more stable form. This phenomenon thus appears to reproduce the maturation of dimeric retroviral RNA in a completely defined system in vitro. To our knowledge, maturation of dimeric RNA within a retrovirus particle is the first example of action of an "RNA chaperone" protein in vivo. Studies with mutant NC proteins suggest that the activity depends upon basic amino acid residues flanking the N-terminal zinc finger and upon residues within the N-terminal finger, including an aromatic amino acid, but do not require the zinc finger structures themselves.
A thermophotovoltaic electric generator using GaSb cells with a hydrocarbon burner (2002)

New GaSb photovoltaic cells with infrared response extended out to 1.8 microns are well matched to hydrocarbon combustion heated silicon carbide infrared emitters operating at 1500 C. These continuous combustion thermophotovoltaic units run quietly and cleanly. Applications include small scale distributed cogeneration of heat and electricity and power units for clean electric vehicles. We report the fabrication of 1 cm/sup 2/ GaSb cells operating at 6 Amps and 2.6 Watts, 10 cell circuits operating at over 22 Watts, and a small demonstration generator producing enough power to operate a television.
Gastrin releasing peptide antagonists with improved potency and stability (1991)

Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is a 27 amino acid peptide hormone which is homologous to the amphibian peptide bombesin. Two series of novel GRP antagonists were developed by C-terminal modification of N-acetyl-GRP-20-27 amide. Peptide derivatives within each series resist enzymatic degradation in serum and exhibit strong affinity for the GRP receptor. The first series of compounds replaces the Leu26-Met27 region of GRP with an alkyl ether N-acetyl-GRP-20-25-NH-[(S)-1-ethoxy-4-methyl-2-pentane], specifically blocked radiolabeled GRP binding with an IC50 of 6 nM. In the second series of antagonists the oxygen of the ether moiety is replaced with a methylene group, resulting in GRP antagonists which are equipotent to native GRP in receptor binding assays (IC50 = 2 nM) and are also resistant to proteolytic degradation in vitro. All of the C-terminally modified peptides tested blocked GRP-stimulated mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Representative compounds also blocked GRP-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in human SCLC cells, and inhibited GRP-independent release of gastrin in vivo.
Applications for measurements of shear-wave resonant modes in cylinders (1994)

An electromagnetic-acoustic transducer (EMAT) of novel design is used to excite and detect only those resonant modes of a cylinder that have a specific, integral number of nodes on the circumference. Because the nodal pattern is fixed and the coupling between the cylinder and transducer is weak, the resonances have very well defined frequencies which allow applications that include measurements of accurate shear wave velocities in commercial alloys, case depth in hardened steel shafts and axial stress in solid cylinders
Design of a heterogeneous catalytic process for the continuous and direct synthesis of lactide from lactic acid (2016)

We present a continuous one-step reaction pathway for optically pure lactide under atmospheric conditions based on a novel SnO<sub>2</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite catalyst.
An Auxiliary-Channel-Sharing Background Distortion and Gain Calibration Achieving >8dB SFDR Improvement over 4<sup>th</sup> Nyquist Zone in 1GS/s ADC (2021)

This paper presents an auxiliary-channel-assisted background calibration for ADC’s input front-end (buffer + T/H) distortion and inter-stage gain error. The auxiliary channel is custom-designed which runs at a fractional speed of the main ADC with only moderate noise performance but high linearity. It also has a pseudo inter-stage gain characteristic as the main ADC, which incorporates with the multi-layer LMS procedure, facilitating a fast convergence speed. Verified in a 12-bit 1GS/s pipelined SAR ADC in 28nm CMOS, the SNDR and SFDR at Nyquist input are 59.28 dB and 67.09 dB SFDR, respectively. Just the distortion calibrations alone contribute >11.13dB SFDR improvement in the entire Nyquist band. Both the ADCs and input buffers work under a 1V supply, consuming 19.2mW with 17% from the buffer.
Poly-spiral shapes and applications: the Celtic-Archimedean spiral antenna (2021)

Poly-spirals are composed of contiguously interconnected spiral elements and are ubiquitous in the monuments of various cultures since prehistoric times. In adopting poly-spiral geometries for antenna applications, we may in general choose these contiguously connected spirals to be identical or dissimilar, such as by selecting them to be of circular, eccentric, or polygonal shape. We focus on a special class of poly-spirals with circular elements, namely the Celtic-Archimedean spiral. We subsequently compare its radiation properties with those of a regular circular Archimedean of the same size and number of turns. The Celtic-Archimedean spiral could be used as a pattern and polarization diversity reconfigurable antenna due to its feeding mechanism. We compute the diversity gain provided by the Celtic-Archimedean spiral when used in a WLAN network operating at 2.4 GHz.
Helical Polycarbodiimide Cloaking of Carbon Nanotubes Enables Inter-Nanotube Exciton Energy Transfer Modulation (2014)

The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as near-infrared optical probes and sensors require the ability to simultaneously modulate nanotube fluorescence and functionally derivatize the nanotube surface using noncovalent methods. We synthesized a small library of polycarbodiimides to noncovalently encapsulate SWCNTs with a diverse set of functional coatings, enabling their suspension in aqueous solution. These polymers, known to adopt helical conformations, exhibited ordered surface coverage on the nanotubes and allowed systematic modulation of nanotube optical properties, producing up to 12-fold differences in photoluminescence efficiency. Polymer cloaking of the fluorescent nanotubes facilitated the first instance of controllable and reversible internanotube exciton energy transfer, allowing kinetic measurements of dynamic self-assembly and disassembly.
A planar variable reluctance magnetic micromotor with fully integrated stator and coils (1993)

A fully functional electrically excited planar variable reluctance magnetic micromotor has been demonstrated on a silicon wafer. The motor uses a micromachined nickel-iron rotor and a fully integrated stator, in which a toroidal-meander type integrated inductive component is used for flux generations. To reduce the magnetic reluctance in the stator, a modified stator geometry was adopted which removes the yoke used in a conventional magnetic variable reluctance motor. Using polyimide as both an integral structural material as well as an electroplating mold, a 40- mu m-thick nickel-iron rotor 500 mu m in diameter was microassembled onto a fully integrated nickel-iron stator 120 mu m in thickness. When 500 mA of current was applied to each stator, 12 degrees of rotation (1 stroke in this motor) was observed. By applying three phase 200-mA current pulses to the stators, rotation of the rotor was observed. The speed and direction of the rotation could be adjusted by changing the frequency and phase firing order of the power supply, respectively. Continuous rotor rotation was observed at speeds up to 500 rpm; this speed limitation was solely due to the limitation of the maximum frequency of the controller used. The micromotor could be reproducibly started, stopped, reversed, and continuously rotated. The predicted torque for the fabricated micromotor at 500-mA driving current was calculated to be 3.3 nN-m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Situ Monitoring of Soil Solution Nitrate: Proof of Concept (2009)

A lack of in situ instrumentation limits continuous monitoring of contaminants and plant nutrients in soil solution to evaluate environmental and agricultural management practices. We developed a prototype soil solution monitoring technique to measure long‐term in situ NO 3 − –N concentration, consisting of an in situ stainless steel (SS) porous cup, with real time concentration measurements using an ion selective electrode and an ultraviolet fiber‐optic sensor. The measurement technique does not require soil solution extraction, but is based on in situ soil solution equilibration by diffusion between the porous cup and the surrounding medium. The technique was tested on a NO 3 − –N solution with two different SS collection cups. Analytical solutions evaluated solute diffusion coefficients, as controlled by a variety of experimental conditions. The principles of operation were developed for diffusion in a liquid solution and a saturated sand, illustrating the potential application in a soil environment.
High-performance (λ ≅ 10.4 µm) buried heterostructure quantum cascade lasers (2000)

Quantum cascade (QC) lasers are unipolar semiconductor lasers emitting in the midinfrared wavelength range.
Use of antisense RNA technology to study pectin degradation in tomato fruit (1992)

Abstract Antisense RNA technology is a powerful tool to study the metabolic role of enzymes and to produce commercially desirable traits in food crops. This is demonstrated here for the study of pectin degradation during tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruit ripening. Two enzymes—polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinesterase (PE), have been down regulated using this technique. Reduced PG prevented pectin depolymerisation during ripening and resulted in fruit with improved storage and transport characteristics. The reduction in PE activity resulted in increased pectin esterification throughout ripening but had no apparent effect on fruit physiology. All other aspects of pectin metabolism tested were unaffected in these transgenic fruit.