gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Consistency of Cell-Based Assays by Using Division-Arrested Cells (2005)

In this article we describe the use of division-arrested cells for cell-based assays designed for high-throughput screening. Cells are the most critical and variable reagent for cell-based high-throughput screening. The robustness of robotic screening depends on the quality and consistency of cell reagents. We demonstrate that for most cell types commonly used for high-throughput screening, cells can be irreversibly division-arrested by mitomycin C treatment at doses that cause no apparent toxicity or obvious change to the cell signaling properties we measured. Our data also suggest that division-arrested cells perform favorably compared to regular growing cells in reporter and calcium flux assays, two platforms most commonly used in robotic screening. Division arrest technology effectively uncouples the process of cell production from robotic screening and brings the convenience of having quality-approved cell reagent on demand for cell-based high-throughput screening.
A comparison of the antidiarrheal and some other pharmacological effects of clonidine, lidamidine, and loperamide in the rat (1981)

Abstract Clonidine, lidamidine, and loperamide each inhibited castor oil‐induced diarrhea in the rat. Clonidine and lidamidine, but not loperamide, also induced diuresis but at doeses above those producing antidiarrheal activity. Clonidine and lidamidine, but not loperamide, produced autonomic and central effects including piloerection, hypotonia, exopthalmus and ataxia at doeses similar to those producing antidiarrheal activity. These data suggest that only loperamide possesses selective antidiarrheal activity.
Designing Application-Specific Neural Networks Using the Genetic Algorithm (1989)

We present a general and systematic method for neural network design based on the genetic algorithm. The technique works in conjunction with network learning rules, addressing aspects of the network&apos;s gross architecture, connectivity, and learning rule parameters. Networks can be optimiled for various application-specific criteria, such as learning speed, generalilation, robustness and connectivity. The approach is model-independent. We describe a prototype system, NeuroGENESYS, that employs the backpropagation learning rule. Experiments on several small problems have been conducted. In each case, NeuroGENESYS has produced networks that perform significantly better than the randomly generated networks of its initial population. The com-putational feasibility of our approach is discussed. 1
Improving the post-editing experience using translation recommendation: a user study (2010)

We report findings from a user study with professional post-editors using a translation recommendation framework (He et al., 2010) to integrate Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) output with Translation Memory (TM) systems. The framework recommends SMT outputs to a TM user when it predicts that SMT outputs are more suitable for post-editing than the hits provided by the TM. We analyze the effectiveness of the model as well as the reaction of potential users. Based on the performance statistics and the users’comments, we find that translation recommendation can reduce the workload of professional post-editors and improve the acceptance of MT in the localization industry.
Vacuum Cross-Linking of Chemically Modified Cotton (1969)

Cottons containing carboxylic acid groups display good wrinkle recovery properties after the simultaneous application of heat and vacuum. This wrinkle recovery can be removed by soaking the fabric in dilute base which converts the acid to the carboxylate salt. To reintroduce the cross link, as shown by electron microscopy, it is first necessary to convert the salt to the free acid and then subject the fabric to the heat and vacuum treatment. Wrinkle recovery values can be further improved by first treating the cotton to introduce either primary or tertiary amine groups and then treating with chloroacetic acid to introduce the carboxyl groups. Wrinkle recovery imparted by heat and vacuum is stable to acid and neutral washes. The procedure can also be used to impart and remove creases in fabrics. Because of the prolonged heating, the fabric tends to discolor, but this discoloration can be removed by mild chlorine bleaching without affecting the wrinkle recovery.
Rainbow volume holographic imaging (2005)

We present a new form of volume holographic imaging with rainbow illumination. High depth resolution is obtained because each quasi-monochromatic band of the rainbow acts as a depth-selective confocal slit. The color slits work in parallel to achieve a wide field of view (FoV) and so the need to scan in one lateral dimension is eliminated. Our experiments demonstrated <250-micro m depth resolution over an approximately equal to 15 degree FoV at a 50-mm working distance.
High Level Expression of Thermostable Lipase from<i>Geobacillus</i>sp. Strain T1 (2004)

A thermostable extracellular lipase of Geobacillus sp. strain T1 was cloned in a prokaryotic system. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,251 bp in length which codes for a polypeptide of 416 amino acid residues. The polypeptide was composed of a signal peptide (28 amino acids) and a mature protein of 388 amino acids. Instead of Gly, Ala was substituted as the first residue of the conserved pentapeptide Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly. Successful gene expression was obtained with pBAD, pRSET, pET, and pGEX as under the control of araBAD, T7, T7 lac, and tac promoters, respectively. Among them, pGEX had a specific activity of 30.19 Umg(-1) which corresponds to 2927.15 Ug(-1) of wet cells after optimization. The recombinant lipase had an optimum temperature and pH of 65 degrees C and pH 9, respectively. It was stable up to 65 degrees C at pH 7 and active over a wide pH range (pH 6-11). This study presents a rapid cloning and overexpression, aimed at improving the enzyme yield for successful industrial application.
A theory and implementation of sequential hardware equivalence (1992)

A theory of sequential hardware equivalence is presented. This theory includes the notions of gate-level model (GLM), hardware finite state machine (HFSM), quotient machine, state equivalence ( approximately ), alignability, resetability, essential resetability, isomorphism, and sequential hardware equivalence. The theory is motivated by (1) the observation that it is impossible to control the initial state of a machine when it is powered on and (2) the desire to decide equivalence of two designs based solely on their netlists and logic device models, without knowledge of intended initial states or intended environments. Algorithms based upon a binary decision diagram (BDD) implementation of predicate calculus over Boolean domains are presented. This calculus is employed to calculate properties of hardware designs. Experimental results based upon these algorithms as implemented in the MCC sequential equivalence tool (SET) are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital Predistortion for Microwave Transmitters (2014)

Microwave transmitters comprise the cascade of several subsystems. Among these subsystems, the power amplifier (PA) is identified to be the main source of nonlinearity. Thus, modeling and compensating for the transmitter nonlinearity is often trimmed down to the modeling and compensation of the power amplifier's nonlinearity. Such compensation allows for the use of power‐efficient and nonlinear PA topologies, which results in reducing the energy consumption and cost of wireless transmitters. This article gives an overview of the nonlinear PA behavior and the origins of intermodulation distortions in this subsystem. It defines the most used distortion quantification metrics and the different types of distortions. Power amplifier modeling and digital predistortion principles are explained. The procedure and identification steps of digital predistortion are highlighted, and the different models used in digital predistortion technique are covered. Advanced digital predistortion models for linearizing the impairments in multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) PAs, dual‐band PAs, and quadrature modulators are also covered.
Modulation of Lipoxygenase Activity by Bacterial Hopanoids (1997)

Tetrahydroxybacteriohopane (1), a bacterial hopanoid, inhibited soybean 15-lipoxygenase with an IC50 of about 10 microM. After per-O-acetylation of 1 no inhibition of the 15-lipoxygenase was observed. Two other bacterial hopanoids, tetrahydroxybacteriohopane glucosamine (2) and tetrahydroxybacteriohopane ether (3), stimulated the activity of soybean 15-lipoxygenase. The activities of two other arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes, human 5-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin H synthase, were unaffected by 1.
Spectral subtraction using correct convolution and a spectrum dependent exponential averaging method. (1998)

In handsfree speech communication the signal to noise ratio is poor which makes it difficult for the listener to have a relaxed conversation. By using speech enhancement processing, the quality of conversation will be enhanced. This paper describes a speech enhancement algorithm based on spectral subtraction. The method employs a noise and speech dependent gain function which is used to design a filter. The proper measures have been taken to obtain a causal filter and also to ensure that the circular convolution yields a linear filtering. A novel method that uses spectrum-dependent exponential averaging to decrease the variance of the gain function is also presented. The result obtained is a 13 to 18 dB noise reduction, with minor speech distortion and moderate residual noise distortion.
High-resolution Holographic Opto-fluidic Microscope On a Chip (2011)

We demonstrate a lensless holographic opto-fluidic microscope based on pixel super-resolution techniques to create high-resolution amplitude and phase images of flowing objects within a micro-fluidic chip without complicated fabrication processes or uniform flow.
A pharmacogenomic approach to the treatment of children with GH deficiency or Turner syndrome (2013)

Carriage of specific growth-related genetic markers is associated with growth response in GHD and TS. These findings indicate that pharmacogenomics could have a role in individualized management of childhood growth disorders.
A common password method for protection of multiple accounts (2004)

This paper proposes a common password method for users who need to protect multiple accounts using passwords. It requires a user to remember only one password, called a common password, to access any of his/her accounts. Each account is protected by a different password, called a specific password. It is generated by a one-way hash function of an account-specific random number that is stored at the account server or a proxy in an encryption form, where the encryption key is derived from the common password. Compared with a convenient but insecure practice of using one or several passwords to protect multiple accounts, the common password method is convenient and secure. It assures that compromising one specific password does not reveal the common password and any other specific password. A Web-based implementation for the common password method is also presented in this paper. It employs a Web server to store every user's account identifiers and encrypted random numbers, and to supply them to the user in a Web page that contains a password calculator written in JavaScript. The user can compute a specific password using a Web browser on his/her computer for any application that requires password authentication.
Probucol prevents early coronary heart disease and death in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI/apolipoprotein E double knockout mouse (2003)

Mice with homozygous null mutations in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B, type I) and apolipoprotein E genes fed a low-fat diet exhibit a constellation of pathologies shared with human atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD): hypercholesterolemia, occlusive coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarctions, cardiac dysfunction (heart enlargement, reduced systolic function and ejection fraction, and ECG abnormalities), and premature death (mean age 6 weeks). They also exhibit a block in RBC maturation and abnormally high plasma unesterified-to-total cholesterol ratio (0.8) with associated abnormal lipoprotein morphology (lamellar/vesicular and stacked discoidal particles reminiscent of those in lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency and cholestasis). Treatment with the lipid-lowering, antiatherosclerosis, and antioxidation drug probucol extended life to as long as 60 weeks (mean 36 weeks), and at 5-6 weeks of age, virtually completely reversed the cardiac and most RBC pathologies and corrected the unesterified to total cholesterol ratio (0.3) and associated distinctive abnormal lipoprotein morphologies. Manipulation of the timing of administration and withdrawal of probucol could control the onset of death and suggested that critical pathological changes usually occurred in untreated double knockout mice between approximately 3 (weaning) and 5 weeks of age and that probucol delayed heart failure even after development of substantial CHD. The ability of probucol treatment to modulate pathophysiology in the double knockout mice enhances the potential of this murine system for analysis of the pathophysiology of CHD and preclinical testing of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
A Recombinant Immunotoxin against the Tumor-Associated Antigen Mesothelin Reengineered for High Activity, Low Off-Target Toxicity, and Reduced Antigenicity (2012)

SS1P is a recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) engineered for the targeted elimination of malignant cells that express the tumor-associated antigen mesothelin. It is composed of an antimesothelin antibody variable fragment (Fv) linked to a cytotoxic fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) that includes domains II and III of native PE. The clinical use of SS1P is limited by its propensity to induce neutralizing antibodies and to cause a dose-limiting capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in patients. In this article, we describe a reengineered SS1P with improved properties that overcome these deficits. The redesign of SS1P consists of (i) removing the bulk of PE domain II (residues 251-273 and 284-394 of native PE), leaving only an 11-residue furin cleavage site, (ii) adding a Gly-Gly-Ser peptide linker after the furin cleavage site, and (iii) replacing eight highly solvent-exposed residues in the catalytic domain of PE. The new molecule, SS1-LR/GGS/8M, has cytotoxic activity comparable with SS1P on several mesothelin-expressing cell lines and remarkably improved activity on primary cells from patients with mesothelioma. In a mouse xenograft tumor model, high doses of SS1-LR/GGS/8M elicit antitumor activity superior to the activity of SS1P at its maximum-tolerated dose. In addition, SS1-LR/GGS/8M has greatly decreased ability to cause CLS in a rat model and reduced antigenicity or reactivity with antibodies to the sera of patients previously treated with SS1P.
A synthetic route to organic aerogels: Mechanism, structure, and properties. [Resorcinol-formaldehyde] (1988)

The base catalyzed, aqueous reaction of resorcinol with formaldehyde follows a sol-gel pathway in which surface functionalized polymer clusters are formed. The covalent crosslinking of these clusters produces gels which are dried under supercritical conditions to obtain low density, organic aerogels which are dried under supercritical conditions to obtain low density, organic aerosols (less than or equal to200 mg/cc). The aerosols are transparent and have cell sizes less than 1000 /angstrom/. Their microstructure consists of interconnected colloidal-like particles with diameters of 30-100 /angstrom/. The particle size, cell size, surface area, and density of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels are largely determined by the catalyst concentration in the mixture. RF aerogels are similar to silica aerogels in many ways, yet a comparison of their mechanical properties suggests subtle morphological differences. 24 refs., 12 figs.
Development of double-sided friction stir welding of advanced high strength steel sheets (2023)

Abstract Double-sided friction stir welding (FSW), performed with a pair of rotation tools, was studied in an attempt to increase the joining speed when applied to welding of automotive advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). The experiments were performed on butt joint of 1.6-mm-thick 1180 MPa grade steel sheets, and sound welds were obtained when the travel speed was no more than 4 m/min, fairly comparable with laser beam welding (LBW), one of the conventional automotive welding processes. It was clarified by experimental and numerical analyses that the enhancement in travel speed was due to the unique material flow interactively developed by a pair of rotation tools. Double-sided FSW was performed at 3 m/min of joining speed on butt joint of dissimilar steel sheets in a combination of 1.5 GPa and 590 MPa grades. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated by tensile, V-bending and Erichsen tests comparing with LBW, which verified that double-sided FSW exhibited sufficient mechanical properties for the press-forming to produce automotive parts. A prototype automotive part was successfully fabricated using the tailor-welded blank welded with double-sided FSW, which demonstrates its applicability to automotive production.
Chalcone derivatives as highly versatile photoinitiators for radical, cationic, thiol–ene and IPN polymerization reactions upon exposure to visible light (2013)

Chalcone derivatives are proposed as novel photoinitiators for polymerization upon exposure to visible light (even under soft irradiation conditions: blue LED bulb at 462 nm, halogen lamp, and sunlight). Remarkably, these structures are highly versatile allowing access to photoinitiating systems for (i) the free radical polymerization of acrylates, (ii) the cationic polymerization of epoxides and vinyl ethers, (iii) the synthesis of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) and (iv) the thiol–ene processes. Excellent polymerization profiles are obtained. The initiation mechanisms are analyzed through ESR, steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry, laser flash photolysis and fluorescence experiments.
Two Types of Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscopes (2006)

Micromachined vibratory gyroscopes (MVG) can be classified into two broad types, angle gyroscopes (or Type I) and rate gyroscopes (or Type II). Gyroscopes of the first type measure orientation angles directly, while gyroscopes of the second type measure rotational rate. Most MVG implementations to date are found exclusively in the angular rate measuring variety. This paper introduces a unified approach for description of MVGs, discusses design challenges, and introduces designs and experimental results demonstrating MVGs of both types. We demonstrate that even though challenging, Type I devices can be implemented using conventional micromachining technologies. This type of micromachined devices is new, unexplored, and may potentially enable high performance micro-scale gyros. Low-grade Type II gyroscopes have been already commercially successful. We summarize our results on Type II wide-bandwidth gyro concept and demonstrate that inherent robustness against parameter variation can be effectively achieved structurally, shifting the complexity from the control electronics to the structural design of Type II MVGs
Homopolar DC motor and trapped flux brushless DC motor using high temperature superconductor materials (1991)

Two motors have been designed and built for use with high-temperature-superconductor (HTSC) materials. They are a homopolar DC motor that uses HTSC field windings and a brushless DC motor that uses bulk HTSC materials to trap flux in steel rotor poles. The HTSC field windings of the homopolar DC motor are designed to operate at 1000 A/cm/sup 2/ in a 0.010-T (100-G) field. In order to maximize torque in the homopolar DC motor, an iron magnetic circuit with small air gaps gives maximum flux for minimum Ampere turns in the field. A copper field winding version of the homopolar DC motor has been tested while waiting for 575 Ampere turn HTSC coils. The trapped flux brushless DC motor has been built and is ready to test melt textured bulk HTSC rings that are currently being prepared. The stator of the trapped flux motor will impress a magnetic field in the steel rotor poles with warm HTSC bulk rings. The rings are then cooled to 77 K to trap the flux in the rotor. The motor can then operate as a brushless DC motor.
Sentence Fusion for Multidocument News Summarization (2005)

A system that can produce informative summaries, highlighting common information found in many online documents, will help Web users to pinpoint information that they need without extensive reading. In this article, we introduce sentence fusion, a novel text-to-text generation technique for synthesizing common information across documents. Sentence fusion involves bottom-up local multisequence alignment to identify phrases conveying similar information and statistical generation to combine common phrases into a sentence. Sentence fusion moves the summarization field from the use of purely extractive methods to the generation of abstracts that contain sentences not found in any of the input documents and can synthesize information across sources.
Self-assembled plasmonic electrodes for high-performance organic photovoltaic cells (2011)

We investigate thin Ag films incorporating plasmonic nanohole arrays as transparent conducting electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells. Plasmonic electrodes are fabricated using nanosphere lithography to create hexagonal nanohole arrays over centimeter-sized areas. Devices constructed using a nanopatterned Ag anode show power conversion efficiencies that exceed those of devices constructed on conventional indium-tin-oxide, independent of light polarization. In comparison to cells constructed on unpatterned Ag, the power conversion efficiency is noted to double with patterning.
Graphene-Based Josephson-Junction Single-Photon Detector (2017)

Detecting single photons is essential for numerous technologies, from quantum computing to observations of the faintest objects in the universe. The authors propose a detector based on graphene's dual abilities to absorb light across a huge range of wavelengths, and to experience an extreme rise in electronic temperature by absorbing just one photon. Simulations show that these properties allow for high detection efficiency, when the graphene is coupled to superconductors in a Josephson junction at cryogenic temperatures.
Abstract 17004: Five-coordinate H64Q Neuroglobin as a Ligand-trap Antidote for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (2016)

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning deaths worldwide, with no available antidotal therapy. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a six-coordinate hemoprotein, with the heme ir...