gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of protective immunogenicity of microbial vaccines: effects of cyclophosphamide pretreatment in Venezuelan encephalitis, Q fever and tularaemia. (1980)

Administration of high-dose (250 mg/kg) cyclophosphamide (CY) to guinea-pigs and mice 3 days prior to immunization with inactivated vaccine derived from Venezuelan encephalitis virus (VE), Coxiella burnetii and Francisella tularensis resulted in accentuated and prolonged delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and in vitro cellular immunity (CMI) to specific antigen. Humoral antibody were either absent or significantly lower in CY-pretreated animals compared to immunized non-pretreated controls. CY pretreatments precluded protection in the VE virus model, suggesting that resistance is related to antibody. In the Q fever model, the protective immunogenicity of vaccine was preserved or increased by CY pretreatment suggesting that cell-mediated immunity is the important factor. In the tularaemia bacterial system, there was a complex effect of CY pretreatment on the low-grade protection afforded by killed vaccine against virulent infection. These findings suggest that the inability of killed vaccines to induce high-grade resistance against tularaemia and Q fever may be due in part to a suppressive B cell response which is eliminated by CY. These studies have given useful information on the relative significance of components of the specific immune response and may lead to an increased understanding of the mechanisms of action of vaccines and adjuvants.
The Use of a Specific DNA Probe and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Mycobacterium leprae (1990)

A DNA probe encoding approximately 80% of the 18-kDa protein gene of Mycobacterium leprae was isolated and tested for specificity by assessing hybridization of the probe to genomic DNA from taxonomically related and unrelated DNA samples. The 360-base-pair (bp) probe was specific for M. leprae DNA and did not hybridize with genomic DNA from 18 species of bacteria nor with DNA from human, murine, and armadillo sources. Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized corresponding to the 5' and 3' ends of the 360-bp fragment to yield a fragment of similar size on amplification of M. leprae DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A simple procedure for DNA extraction from M. leprae-infected tissues was developed that provided suitable template DNA for amplification. The PCR test was specific for M. leprae DNA from human and murine sources and detected M. leprae DNA in biopsies from leprosy patients and from control and uninfected human skin biopsy preparations seeded with as few as 100 M. leprae.
Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes (2016)

Using indexes for query execution is crucial for achieving high performance in modern on-line transaction processing databases. For a main-memory database, however, these indexes consume a large fraction of the total memory available and are thus a major source of storage overhead of in-memory databases. To reduce this overhead, we propose using a two-stage index: The first stage ingests all incoming entries and is kept small for fast read and write operations. The index periodically migrates entries from the first stage to the second, which uses a more compact, read-optimized data structure. Our first contribution is hybrid index, a dual-stage index architecture that achieves both space efficiency and high performance. Our second contribution is Dual-Stage Transformation (DST), a set of guidelines for converting any order-preserving index structure into a hybrid index. Our third contribution is applying DST to four popular order-preserving index structures and evaluating them in both standalone microbenchmarks and a full in-memory DBMS using several transaction processing workloads. Our results show that hybrid indexes provide comparable throughput to the original ones while reducing the memory overhead by up to 70%.
miR‐9 enhances IL‐2 production in activated human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells by repressing Blimp‐1 (2012)

The fast production of effector cytokines, such as IL-2, is essential for the autocrine function in the rapid activation of naive CD4(+) T cells. Here, we show that the microRNA (miRNA) pathway plays an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human CD4(+) T cells. miRNAs are small noncoding molecules that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. Using microarray and deep sequencing approaches, we detected an increase in the abundance of miR-9 in activated human CD4(+) T cells. To determine the impact of miR-9 on immune responses, we analyzed its effect on two putative target genes, PRDM1, which encodes for the transcription factor Blimp-1 (B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1), and Bcl-6 (B cell lymphoma-6 protein). Suppression of miR-9 led to increased expression of PRDM1 and Bcl-6, which subsequently resulted in diminished secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Our data provide evidence that the abundance of Blimp-1, and consequently the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, is regulated in two ways: (i) transcriptional regulation by activation of CD4(+) T cells and (ii) posttranscriptional regulation by enhanced miR-9 expression.
Adaptive flexible antennas for wireless biomedical applications (2016)

Flexible electronics enables wireless medical applications for mobile physiologic monitoring. Antennas for such applications remain in their developmental stage. We implemented novel fabrication and integration methods to embed flexible antennas into FDA-approved skin-adhesives routinely used in clinical settings. We prototyped our approach using a Bluetooth transceiver cascaded with an antenna mounted on the skin and a bottle. The system robustly communicated to a smart phone with coverage of 175ft. Our antennas are tuned for different materials and curvatures by simply altering the length using a pair of scissors.
Comparison of Directly Measured Left Ventricular Wall Stress and Stress Calculated from Geometric Reference Figures (1971)

Mean left ventricular wall force was determined with a calibrated transmural auxotonic strain gauge in the left ventricle of six anesthetized, open-chest dogs with intact circulation. The gauge was oriented in the plane of the minor left ventricular equator, midway between the papillary muscles. Left ventricular internal volume was derived from the passive pressure-volume curve of the arrested heart and calculated mean wall stress was derived both from spherical and ellipsoidal reference figures for the left ventricle and compared with measured forces. Control left ventricular end-diastolic pressure averaged 3.0 ± 0.6 mm Hg (SE). At this level of end-diastolic pressure, measured peak wall stress averaged 97.2±14.4 g/cm 2 , whereas calculated peak wall stress averaged 79.3±9.9 and 118.6±12.9 g/cm 2 , for the spherical and ellipsoidal models, respectively. Measured end-diastolic wall force values averaged 9.4±4.5 and 29.2±8.1 g/cm 2 at an end-diastolic pressure of 3.0 and 12.3 mm Hg, respectively. In all cases, stress values calculated from spherical reference figures for the left ventricle were significantly lower than those measured directly. In four other experiments, using right heart bypass, the ventricular septum was exposed and active wall force was determined at two or more sites on the left ventricular minor equator. Wall stress at these sites differed by an average of 15.3%, indicating that stresses around the minor equator are relatively uniform. These studies lend validity to the application of geometric models in the calculation of mean wall stress and favor the application of an ellipsoid for the geometric reference figure.
Evaluation of dialysis adequacy in patients under hemodialysis and effectiveness of dialysers reuses. (2009)

Reuse of dialysers is being practiced since the start of hemodialysis (HD) service in Nepal, which is cost effective as well as safe. A retrospective study was done in Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. We reviewed case records of the year 2008 and retrieved required data such as pre and post urea, post dialysis weight and ultrafiltration volume from 186 sessions of dialysis of 60 patients. Dialysis sessions were divided into nine groups according to the number of use of dialyser. Out of 60 patients, 40 were male. Mean age of the study population was 45.82 +/- 15.42 yrs (range 18-78). Dialysers were reprocessed manually up to 9 times. Adequacy of dialysis was assessed using single pool Kt/v (spKt/v) and urea reduction rate (URR). Mean pre urea, post urea and spKt/v were 160 +/- 51.2 mg/dL, 71.8 +/- 28.5 mg/dL and 0.95 +/- 0.28 respectively. Mean URR was 54.82 +/- 11.24%. Out of total 186 sessions, spKt/v was > or = 1.2 in only 31 sessions (17.0%). There was no significant difference in mean spKt/v between the groups (p=0.87). When compared between the individual groups e.g. 1st vs. 7th, 1st vs. 8th and 1st vs. 9th, there was no significant difference in spKt/v. Dialysis is inadequate in most of our patients undergoing HD twice a week. Reuse of dialyser is effective in urea clearance and the practice of reuse is cost effective and safe.
EVALUASI KINERJA KARYAWAN DALAM MEMBERIKAN PELAYANAN KEPADA WAJIB PAJAK DI KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN ( KP. PBB ) PALEMBANG (2015)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas tentang hasil evaluasi kinerja karyawan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada wajib pajak  serta usaha-usaha yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada wajib pajak di KP. PBB Palembang. Adapun cara yang dilakukan penulis selama melakukan penelitian ini yaitu dengan penelitian langsung ke lapangan dan penelitian kepustakaan dengan membaca literatur-literatur yang berkaitan dengan objek yang sedang diteliti sedangkan teknik analisa yang dipergunakan adalah analisa Deskriftif Kualitatif yaitu permasalahan yang terjadi dilapangan dikaitkan dengan teori-teori yang ada untuk menemukan suatu solusi terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi di KP. PBB Palembang, sehingga penelitian ini dapat berguna bagi KP. PBB Palembang untuk dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan dalam memberikan pelayanan. Kata Kunci : Evaluasi Kinerja, Pelayanan
Effects of Hydroxypropylation on Themal Properties, Starch Digestibility and Freeze‐Thaw Stability of Field Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> cv Trapper) Starch (1988)

Abstract Field pea starch with an amylose content of 34.2% was hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide and sodium hydroxide to give products with molar substitutions (MS) ranging from 0.04 to 0.12. Increasing the degree of MS resulted in progressive decreases in enthalpy of gelatinization. gelatinization temperatures, pasting temperatures and syneresis. and increases in paste viscosities at 95 and 50°C. The digestibility with a‐amylase decreased with increases in MS only up to the level of 0.08 and further increases in MS caused an increase in digestibility which was higher than that observed for native starch. These results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy on hydrolyzed starch.
Developing a New Method to Identify Flowering Dynamics of Rapeseed Using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-1/2 (2020)

Identifying the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) flowering dates are important for planting area estimation, growth monitoring, and yield estimation. However, there is currently a lack of data on rapeseed flowering dates at the parcel scale. In this study, a new spectral index (Normalized Rapeseed Flowering Index, NRFI) is proposed to detect rapeseed flowering dates from time series data generated from Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 sensors. This study also analyzed the feasibility of using the backscattering coefficients (VV, VH, and VV/VH) of Sentinel-1 to detect the flowering dates of rapeseed at the parcel scale. Based on the spectral and polarization characteristics of 718 rapeseed parcels collected in 2018, we developed a method to automatically identify peak flowering dates by the local maximum of NRFI series and the local minimum of VH and VV, along with the maximum of VV/VH. The results show that most of the peak flowering dates derived from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 can be confirmed by the in-situ phenological observations at the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) stations in Germany. The NRFI outperforms the Normalized Difference Yellow Index (NDYI) in identifying the peak flowering dates from Landsat 8. The derived medians of peak flowering dates by NRFI, NDYI (Sentinel-2), and VH are similar, while a systematic delay is observed by NDYI (Landsat 8). The method with the spectrum and backscattering coefficients will be a potential tool to identify crop flowering dynamics and map crop planting area.
Suppression of LPS-induced Interferon-γ and nitric oxide in splenic lymphocytes by select estrogen-regulated microRNAs: a novel mechanism of immune modulation (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), recently identified noncoding small RNAs, are emerging as key regulators in homeostasis of the immune system. Therefore, aberrant expression of miRNAs may be linked to immune dysfunction, such as in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated the potential role of miRNAs in estrogen-mediated regulation of innate immune responses, as indicated by up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide in splenic lymphocytes from estrogen-treated mice. We found that miR-146a, a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, was decreased in freshly isolated splenic lymphocytes from estrogen-treated mice compared with placebo controls. Increasing the activity of miR-146a significantly inhibited LPS-induced IFNgamma and iNOS expression in mouse splenic lymphocytes. Further, miRNA microarray and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that estrogen selectively up-regulates/down-regulates the expression of miRNAs in mouse splenic lymphocytes. miR-223, which is markedly enhanced by estrogen, regulates LPS-induced IFNgamma, but not iNOS or nitric oxide in splenic lymphocytes. Inhibition of miR-223 activity decreased LPS-induced IFNgamma in splenic lymphocytes from estrogen-treated mice. Our data are the first to demonstrate the selective regulation of miRNA expression in immune cells by estrogen and are indicative of an important role of miRNAs in estrogen-mediated immune regulation.
Safety of nanomaterials. (2011)

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Smart and secure data storage using Encrypt-interleaving (2017)

In the recent years many companies are shifting towards cloud for expanding their business profit with least additional cost. Cloud computing is a growing technology which has emerged from the development of grid computing, virtualization and utility computing. Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources like networks, servers, storage, applications, and services that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. There was a huge data loss during the recent Chennai floods during Dec 2015. If these data would have been stored at distributed data centers great loss could have been prevented. Though, such natural calamities are tempting many users to shift towards the cloud storage, security threats are inhibiting them to shift towards the cloud. Many solutions have been addressed for these security issues but they do not give guaranteed security. By guaranteed security we mean confidentiality, integrity and availability. Some of the existing techniques for providing security are Cryptographic Protocols, Data Sanitization, Predicate Logic, Access Control Mechanism, Honeypots, Sandboxing, Erasure Coding, RAID(Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks), Homomorphic Encryption and Split-Key Encryption. All these techniques either cannot work alone or adds computational and time complexity. An alternate scheme of combining encryption and channel coding schemes at one-go is proposed for increasing the levels of security. Hybrid encryption scheme is proposed to be used in the interleaver block of Turbo coder for avoiding burst error. Hybrid encryption avoids sharing of secret key via the unsecured channel. This provides both security and reliability by reducing error propagation effect with small additional cost and computational overhead. Time complexity can be reduced when encryption and encoding are done as a single process.
Towards a Publish / Subscribe Control Architecture for Precision Assembly with the Data Distribution Service (2008)

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the Data Distribution Service standard (DDS) and describes its benefits for developing robust precision assembly applications. DDS is a platform-independent standard released by the Object Management Group (OMG) for data-centric publish-subscribe systems. It allows decoupled applications to transfer information, regardless of what architecture, programming language or operating system they use. The standard is particularly designed for real-time systems that need to control timing and memory resources, have low latency and high robustness requirements. As such, DDS has the potential to provide the communication infrastructure for next-generation precision assembly systems where a large number of independently controlled components need to communicate. To illustrate the benefits of DDS for precision assembly an example application is presented.
Response of the central metabolism of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to modified expression of the gene encoding the glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (2007)

The deletion of the zwf gene encoding G6PDH activity led to restructuring of the carbon flux through central metabolism in Escherichia coli, though over-expression of this gene had only minor consequences for overall carbon flux. The modified carbon flux seen in the zwf deletion mutant enabled alternative routes of anabolic precursor formation and an adequate supply of NADPH synthesis via a modified TCA cycle to be generated so as to sustain growth rates comparable to the WT.
Inorganic-ligand exchanging time effect in PbS quantum dot solar cell (2016)

We investigate time-dependent inorganic ligand exchanging effect and photovoltaic performance of lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystal films. With optimal processing time, volume shrinkage induced by residual oleic acid of the PbS colloidal quantum dot (CQD) was minimized and a crack-free film was obtained with improved flatness. Furthermore, sufficient surface passivation significantly increased the packing density by replacing from long oleic acid to a short iodide molecule. It thus facilities exciton dissociation via enhanced charge carrier transport in PbS CQD films, resulting in the improved power conversion efficiency from 3.39% to 6.62%. We also found that excess iodine ions on the PbS surface rather hinder high photovoltaic performance of the CQD solar cell.
Arabidopsis GLABROUS1 Gene Requires Downstream Sequences for Function. (1993)

The Arabidopsis GLABROUS1 (GL1) gene is a myb gene homolog required for the initiation of trichome development. In situ hybridization revealed that the highest levels of GL1 transcripts were present in developing trichomes. In contrast, previous work had shown that putative promoter sequences from the 5[prime] noncoding region of the GL1 gene directed the expression of a [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene only in stipules. Deletion analysis of the 3[prime] noncoding region of GL1 has identified an enhancer that is essential for GL1 function. Sequences from the region containing the enhancer, in conjunction with GL1 upstream sequences, direct the expression of a GUS reporter gene in leaf primordia and developing trichomes in addition to stipules, indicating that the downstream enhancer is required for the normal expression pattern of GL1.
Tricyclic Series of Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Inhibitors Part I: Discovery of Tricyclic Imidazo[4,5-<i>c</i>]pyridines as Potent Inhibitors of the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone (2011)

A novel class of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors was developed after a low throughput screen (LTS) of a focused library containing approximately 21K compounds selected by virtual screening. The initial [1-{3-H-imidazo[4-5-c]pyridin-2-yl}-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoindole-6-one] (1) compound showed moderate activity (IC(50) = 7.6 μM on Hsp82, the yeast homologue of Hsp90). A high-resolution X-ray structure shows that compound 1 binds into an "induced" hydrophobic pocket, 10-15 Å away from the ATP/resorcinol binding site. Iterative cycles of structure-based drug design (SBDD) and chemical synthesis led to the design and preparation of analogues with improved affinity. These optimized molecules make productive interactions within the ATP binding site as reported by other Hsp90 inhibitors. This resulted in compound 8, which is a highly potent inhibitor in biochemical and cellular assays (K(d) = 0.35 nM on Hsp90; IC(50) = 30 nM on SKBr3 mammary carcinoma cells) and in an in vivo leukemia model.
Trastuzumab plus docetaxel in HER‐2/<i>neu</i>‐positive prostate carcinoma (2004)

HER-2 overexpression by IHC in archival prostate carcinoma specimens was infrequent. There was no apparent correlation among IHC, ELISA, and FISH, although the sample size was limited. Conclusions regarding the predictive value of HER-2 status on outcome after trastuzumab-based therapy were not reached and were only drawn after larger-scale screening efforts. The authors estimated that 1000 patients need to be screened to complete accrual to a 40-patient efficacy trial.
Synthesis and Self-assembly Properties of Acylated Cyclodextrins and Nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA)-modified Inclusion Ligands for Interfacial Protein Crystallization (2004)

Three different β-cyclodextrins, peracylated on the primary hydroxymethyl rim of the cyclodextrin (6-C n )7β-CD, and nine different nitrilotriacetic acid-modified inclusion ligands (R-NTA) have been prepared and their self-assembly properties characterized. These modular amphiphiles have been developed to promote two-dimensional crystallization of proteins at the lipid-water interface. Pressure-area isotherm data suggest that the occupancy of the host sites within the (6-C n )7β-CD monolayers vary as a function of the known host-guest binding constant for the unmodified β-CD host and R guest substituents. Negative-stain TEM experiments show that vesicles are formed upon mild sonication of (6-C10)7β-CD and (6-C16)7β-CD in 10 mM Tris, pH 7.4 buffer. These results indicate that (6-C n )7β-CD forms stable lyotropic phases that may be useful for templating the interfacial crystallization of histidine-tagged proteins or other molecules capable of interacting with the R-NTA guest ligands.
Allium tarkhankuticum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species of section Oreiprason endemic to the Crimean steppe, Ukraine (2012)

Heterogeneity of the Allium saxatile group in the Crimea was highlighted ca. 80 years ago by Wulff in Flora Taurica, but it was not studied due to lack of adequate collections. Allium tarkhankuticum, a new species from the A. saxatile group (sect. Oreiprason), is described here from the western Crimea. A description is based on living plants and fresh herbarium specimens. Allium tarkhankuticum is an endemic of steppe habitats of the Tarkhankut Peninsula and adjacent areas with a type locality near Novoozernoye on Lake Donuzlav. Diagnostic characters are presented (including an identification key) to distinguish the new species from other Eastern European and Caucasian species of the A. saxatile group. Many inland localities of A. tarkhankuticum in virgin Crimean steppes were destroyed as a result of land use change in the mid-20th century. Taxonomy of the whole group is still unresolved. Plants from Mount Agarmysh (eastern foothills of the Crimean mountains) do not correspond with either A. marschallianum or A. tarkhankuticum. Caucasian A. saxatile in its current circumscription needs further investigation.