gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color in Projection Displays (2005)

This paper presents how full-color is created and optimized in rear projection television systems. It discusses briefly how color is quantified and considers a general method for choosing primary red, green,, and blue for maximum corrected brightness in common three-panel projection systems. It uses the commercially successful CQ90 architecture as an example. An external passive approach to white correction using tunable double notch polarization filters is also introduced before considering color optimization in single and two-panel projectors.
Sparse space codes for multi-antenna systems (2011)

Sparse space codes (SSC) are proposed as a novel transmission scheme for an under-determined MIMO channel. Each SSC codeword is a sparse vector of the size of the number of transmit antennas. The information is imparted through: (i) uncertainty in the positions of non-zero elements, and (ii) uncertainty in the symbol-space of non-zero elements. Basis-pursuit (BPD) and LASSO detectors are used with knowledge of code sparsity to detect SSC. However, their performance is found to be degraded compared to the Maximum Likelihood Detector (MLD). A runner-up basis pursuit algorithm is proposed that provides MLD-like performance with a small increment in complexity over BPD. Analytical and simulation results show that SSC outperforms orthogonal space time block codes in terms of word error rate at varying SNR ranges.
Coupling between Replication and Packaging of Flavivirus RNA: Evidence Derived from the Use of DNA-Based Full-Length cDNA Clones of Kunjin Virus (2001)

In order to study whether flavivirus RNA packaging is dependent on RNA replication, we generated two DNA-based Kunjin virus constructs, pKUN1 and pKUN1dGDD, allowing continuous production of replicating (wild-type) and nonreplicating (with a deletion of the NS5 gene RNA-polymerase motif GDD) full-length Kunjin virus RNAs, respectively, via nuclear transcription by cellular RNA polymerase II. As expected, transfection of pKUN1 plasmid DNA into BHK cells resulted in the recovery of secreted infectious Kunjin virions. Transfection of pKUN1dGDD DNA into BHK cells, however, did not result in the recovery of any secreted virus particles containing encapsidated dGDD RNA, despite an apparent accumulation of this RNA in cells demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and its efficient translation demonstrated by detection of correctly processed labeled structural proteins (at least prM and E) both in cells and in the culture fluid using coimmunoprecipitation analysis with anti-E antibodies. In contrast, when dGDD RNA was produced even in much smaller amounts in pKUN1dGDD DNA-transfected repBHK cells (where it was replicated via complementation), it was packaged into secreted virus particles. Thus, packaging of defective Kunjin virus RNA could occur only when it was replicated. Our results with genome-length Kunjin virus RNA and the results with poliovirus replicon RNA (C. I. Nugent et al., J. Virol. 73:427-435, 1999), both demonstrating the necessity for the RNA to be replicated before it can be packaged, strongly suggest the existence of a common mechanism for minimizing amplification and transmission of defective RNAs among the quasispecies in positive-strand RNA viruses. This mechanism may thus help alleviate the high-copy error rate of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
MOS capacitances used in mixed-signal circuits and their operative range (2003)

Abstract. To avoid additional layers for high linearity capacitances in modern CMOS process families, compensated depletion mode MOS capacitances can be used. As shown in previous publications, these MOS capacitances are suitable for low voltage applications. But there exist limitations concerning the linearity of these capacitances. In this work, the impact of the nonlinearity of the capacitances on different kinds of circuits is investigated. Several examples will be discussed to show how to choose the right capacitance topology.
New LADRC scheme for fractional-order systems (2022)

Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is a very promising recent concept for the design of controllers to control systems with uncertainties. Based on an extended state observer, this control structure allows both external disturbances and modeling uncertainties to be actively rejected. The use of the active rejection control of disturbances is gaining more and more interest among the system control community. This is mainly due to its easy design, undemanding implementation and robustness. In this paper, three solutions using the ARDC structure to control fractional-order system are discussed. Two methods taken from the literature are briefly introduced, namely, the fractional-order dynamics rejection scheme (FODRS) and the fractional linear active disturbance rejection control (FLADRC). The basic ideas and technical formulations of these two are presented. A third method, based on the robustness performance introduced by fractional-order controllers, is also proposed in this paper. The proposed design method of the set-point tracking controller is based on the Bode’s ideal transfer function (Bode’s ITF). This will improve the robustness of the control scheme.
TCP k-SACK: a simple protocol to improve performance over lossy links (2002)

We propose k-SACK, a TCP variant that has considerably improved throughput characteristics over lossy links. A k-SACK source does not consider every packet loss as an indication of congestion. It uses the selective acknowledgement option to estimate a parameter lookahead-loss, which is used in congestion detection. Our results demonstrate that k-SACK maintains a steady performance in a non-lossy environment while showing considerable performance improvement over paths spanning lossy links. Throughput gains of more than 90% are observed over links with packet loss rates of the order of 5%. We show that when k-SACK is used over wireline Internet links, it does not harm the existing TCP variants significantly. k-SACK is simple to implement and does not involve any additional overheads.
Selective Inhibitors of T Cell Receptor Recognition of Antigen–MHC Complexes for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2019)

Autoreactive T cells specific to human collagen type II have a crucial role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the context of MHC class II allele HLA-DRB1-*04. The protein-protein interactions between the T cell receptor (TCR) and the type II collagen bound to the allele MHC of class II may thus represent the target for the development of new drugs against RA. In this study, a structure-based pharmacophore model for potential small molecule inhibitors was developed from protein-protein interface structure. The 3D model obtained was used for a virtual screening workflow, which resulted in three hits for experimental follow up. Three compounds have been identified that interfere with the TCR/collagenII-MHCII (<i>K</i> <sub>i</sub> values below 10 μM) and open up new possibilities in the treatment of RA.
Advanced Load Forecast with hierarchical forecasting capability (2013)

Advanced Load Forecast (ALF) is a novel load forecast application that integrates different instances of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) forecast engines and generates load forecasts for multiple load locations at various hierarchical levels. The forecast results can be aggregated up and distributed down the hierarchical structure. The Artificial Neural Network forecast engine leverages the discrete wavelet transform approach and some techniques of forecast engine configuration are discussed in detail. The proposed ALF is applied to a real-life power system.
Bovine conglutinin binds to an oligosaccharide determinant presented by iC3b, but not by C3, C3b or C3c. (1994)

Bovine conglutinin is a serum lectin that agglutinates erythrocytes preincubated with antibodies and complement. This agglutination occurs through the binding of conglutinin to iC3b, a fragment of the complement component C3. It was reported that conglutinin binds fluid-phase C3b and C3c as well as iC3b. We re-investigated the reactivity of conglutinin towards fluid-phase C3 degradation products. ELISA wells were coated with conglutinin and reacted with C3 split products generated in normal human serum, in factor I-deficient serum, or in factor I-depleted serum. Conglutinin-bound C3 fragments were detected with anti-C3c and anti-C3d antibodies. An increased signal was observed during the activation of complement in normal human serum with the peak response after 1-2 hr, following which the signal decreased, reaching background level after 72 hr. The oligosaccharides on C3c, generated in serum, are thus not recognized by conglutinin. No signal was observed when factor I-deficient serum or factor I-depleted serum was used instead of normal serum. Reconstitution with purified factor I re-established the normal pattern. Examination of the conglutinin-bound C3 molecules by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with anti-C3c and anti-C3d antibodies revealed bands characteristic for iC3b, and no bands corresponding to C3b or C3c. Reduction of the disulphide bonds prior to the incubation of the activated serum with the conglutinin-coated wells revealed a band of 63,000 MW, characteristic of the N-terminal fragment of the alpha-chain of iC3b. We also investigated the binding to the solid-phase conglutinin of purified C3 and degradation products generated with enzymes. In this case, C3 as well as C3b and C3c were bound, suggesting conformational changes in C3 during purification. In conclusion, when C3 conversion takes place at near physiological conditions, conglutinin interacts specifically with the oligosaccharide on the alpha-chain of iC3b.
Novel multi-layer polymer-metal structures for use in ultrasonic transducer impedance matching and backing absorber applications (2010)

This paper presents a novel design principle for designing multilayer polymer-metal structures which are well suited for front surface impedance conversion (matching) and for back surface acoustic absorption. It is shown that a polymer layer with an outer metal layer, when loaded by a low impedance propagation medium, acts as an efficient impedance converter. The resulting impedance seen at the inner polymer surface is increased and the structure provides the same performance as a traditional quarter-wavelength matching layer. Experimental evidence is also shown for a double-matching scheme for a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer using an inner polymer-metal multilayer and an outer polymer quarterwavelength layer, resulting in a 55% bandwidth at 2.6 MHz with air backing. Also, it is theoretically shown that multiple layers of a lossy polymer adhesive-metal structure produce low propagation velocity and high absorption. Experimental proof of this ultrasonic multilayer backing absorber is provided. Design theories based on both a simplified mass and spring model and a rigorous one-dimensional wave model have been developed and show fair agreement.
Biological diversity among serotype 2 Marek's disease viruses. (1991)

Selected biological characteristics were determined for 14 low-passage serotype 2 Marek's disease virus (MDV) isolates. Four of these isolates were also tested after extensive serial passage in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures. Observations were made on replication in vitro and in vivo, pathogenicity by in ovo inoculation, antigenicity, and protection against virulent MDV challenge. Among the low-passage isolates, there were some differences in pathogenicity after in ovo inoculation but relatively little difference in other characteristics, with the exception of the HN-1 strain, which replicated more rapidly in cell culture but produced generally lower in vivo responses than other isolates. After extended in vitro passage, isolates replicated much more readily in cell culture and produced lower pathologic responses in vivo than low-passage isolates, as has been reported for serotype 1 isolates. No antigenic differences among isolates were detected, but high-passage isolates induced lower levels of precipitating antibodies than low-passage isolates, indicating a possible reduction in A antigen production. The observed diversity associated with strain and passage level may be of value in the selection of optimum vaccine strains.
High power microwave plasma pulse compression (1985)

It is shown that a plasma loaded waveguide is sufficiently dispersive that very high power microwave pulse compression is possible. The input microwave pulse can be either chirped or fixed frequency, if the waveguide plasma parameters are steady or variable in time respectively. Keywords: Plasma loaded waveguide; High power microwave pulse compression; Input microwave pulse; Waveguide plasma parameters.
Heparin-Binding Proteins from Seminal Plasma Bind to Bovine Spermatozoa and Modulate Capacitation by Heparin1 (1990)

Bovine spermatozoa that have been exposed to seminal plasma possess more binding sites for heparin than sperm from the cauda epididymis that have not been exposed to accessory sex gland secretions. Seminal plasma exposure enables sperm, following incubation with heparin, to undergo zonae pellucidae-induced exocytosis of the acrosome. In this study, the regulatory role of seminal plasma heparin-binding proteins in capacitation of bovine spermatozoa by heparin was investigated. Plasma membranes from sperm exposed to seminal plasma in vivo or in vitro contained a series of acidic 15-17 kDa proteins not found in cauda epididymal sperm. Western blots of membrane proteins indicated that these 15-17 kDa proteins bound [125I]-heparin. Heparin-binding proteins were isolated by heparin affinity chromatography from seminal plasma from vasectomized bulls. Gel electrophoresis indicated that the heparin-binding peaks contained 14-18 kDa proteins with isoelectric variation, a basic 24 kDa protein, and a 31 kDa protein. Western blots probed with [125I]-heparin confirmed the ability of each of these proteins to bind heparin. Each of these proteins, as well as control proteins, bound to epididymal sperm. The seminal plasma proteins were peripherally associated with sperm since they were removed by hypertonic medium and did not segregate into the detergent phase of Triton X-114. Seminal plasma heparin-binding proteins potentiated zonae pellucidae-induced acrosome reactions in epididymal sperm. However, seminal plasma proteins that did not bind to the heparin affinity column were unable to stimulate zonae-sensitivity. Control proteins, including lysozyme--which binds to both heparin and sperm, were ineffective at enhancing zonae-induced acrosome reactions. These data provide evidence for a positive regulatory role of seminal plasma heparin-binding proteins in capacitation of bovine spermatozoa.
Coat protein gene-mediated resistance to Potato virus A in transgenic plants is suppressed following infection with another potyvirus (2001)

High levels of resistance to Potato virus A (PVA, genus Potyvirus), indicated by absence of detectable infection in inoculated leaves, were attained in Nicotiana benthamiana transformed with a construct expressing the PVA 5'-untranslated region fused with the coat protein (CP)-encoding sequence. Low steady-state levels of the transgene transcripts were detected. Resistance was PVA-specific and did not protect the plants against infection with Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus). Consequently, the steady-state levels of the CP-transgene mRNA were greatly elevated in the plants infected with PVY, and plants became susceptible to infection with PVA. These data show that virus resistance obtained by expressing regions of a plant virus genome in transgenic plants may be suppressed following infection with another virus that evades the virus-specific resistance.
Plasma Free H <sub>2</sub> S Levels are Elevated in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease (2013)

Findings reported in this study reveal that plasma-free H2S levels are significantly elevated in vascular disease and identify a novel inverse relationship with NO bioavailability in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Inverted Vertical Pull Surface Tension Method (1998)

A method for determining surface tension is proposed in which vertical pull measurements are made by weighing the liquid phase, while a ring, plate, or rod is allowed to contact the surface of the solution and then pulled slowly upward. This contrasts with conventional vertical pull methods in which the ring, plate, or rod is suspended from a microbalance mounted above the solution. The utility and simplicity of the alternative approach are discussed, and procedures are given for using a top-loading analytical balance to determine the maximum vertical force exerted on either a rod or a plate.
Low Energy Atomic Models Suggesting a Pilus Structure that could Account for Electrical Conductivity of Geobacter sulfurreducens Pili (2016)

The metallic-like electrical conductivity of Geobacter sulfurreducens pili has been documented with multiple lines of experimental evidence, but there is only a rudimentary understanding of the structural features which contribute to this novel mode of biological electron transport. In order to determine if it was feasible for the pilin monomers of G. sulfurreducens to assemble into a conductive filament, theoretical energy-minimized models of Geobacter pili were constructed with a previously described approach, in which pilin monomers are assembled using randomized structural parameters and distance constraints. The lowest energy models from a specific group of predicted structures lacked a central channel, in contrast to previously existing pili models. In half of the no-channel models the three N-terminal aromatic residues of the pilin monomer are arranged in a potentially electrically conductive geometry, sufficiently close to account for the experimentally observed metallic like conductivity of the pili that has been attributed to overlapping pi-pi orbitals of aromatic amino acids. These atomic resolution models capable of explaining the observed conductive properties of Geobacter pili are a valuable tool to guide further investigation of the metallic-like conductivity of the pili, their role in biogeochemical cycling, and applications in bioenergy and bioelectronics.
Comparative effect of phthalazinone units in sulfonated poly(arylene ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers as proton exchange membrane materials (2007)

Abstract A new series of aromatic poly(arylene ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers containing pendant sulfonic acid groups (SPAEEKK‐D) were synthesized from commercially available monomers 1,3‐bis(4‐fluorobenzoyl)‐benzene, sodium 6,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthalenesulfonate, and 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐phthalazin‐1‐one (DHPZ). Structure–property relationships of the phthalazinone SPAEEKK‐D series poly(arylene ether ether ketone ketone) copolymer were compared with copolymers SPAEEKK‐B and SPAEEKK‐H containing different diols such as 4,4′‐biphenol and hydroquinone, respectively, prepared in our earlier work. Ion exchange capacity (IEC w , weight‐based; IEC v , volume‐based), thermal stabilities, swelling, proton and methanol transport properties of the membranes were investigated in relation to their structures and compared with those of perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion 117). The SPAEEKK‐D membrane incorporating the phthalazinone monomer DHPZ showed relatively lower water uptake and methanol permeability compared with earlier SPAEEKK‐B and SPAEEKK‐H membranes incorporating biphenol and hydroquinone monomers, respectively. Inclusion of phthalazinone in the SPAEEKK‐D copolymers led to lower water absorption, enabling increased proton exchange concentrations in the hydrated polymer matrix that resulted in more desirable membrane properties for future direct methanol fuel cell applications. The SPAEEKK‐D membranes also showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and oxidative stability compared with the earlier SPAEEKK‐B and ‐H membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 989–1002, 2008
Short Fiber Reinforced Hose—A New Concept in Production and Performance (1979)

Abstract A simple extrusion process has been developed to orient short fibers contained in a rubber stock into a transverse position on the extrudate. The hardware is no more complex or difficult to use in production than conventional hose dies, which always produce a fiber orientation parallel to the flow. This axial orientation is not useful for many products, particularly hose, whereas the system described in this paper provides the proper circumferential orientation to meet the higher hoop stress. The fiber orientation occurs in response to changes in the shape of the channel in the die. In comparison to conventional cord-reinforced hose, the short fiber system offers many advantages. Processing is simplified by the elimination of the braiding or knitting step and the cover extrusion. The short fiber process is well adapted to continuous cure. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 12% lower than those for the same process route using a conventional hose construction. Moreover, the short fiber hose can meet performance specifications in most low-to-intermediate pressure applications. It is a unique and functional product.
Effectiveness of a Novel Dentifrice Containing Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide, Sarkosyl, and Sodium Fluoride (2020)

This in vitro study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel dentifrice containing stabilized chlorine dioxide, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl), and sodium fluoride in enhancing enamel fluoride uptake, remineralization, pellicle cleaning and inhibiting biofilm regrowth. Remineralization was measured by fluoride uptake and surface microhardness assessment tests. Artificial stains were removed and scored based on pellicle cleaning ratio. Biofilm regrowth was measured by counting colonies on the agar plates. All studies were conducted using bovine teeth specimens. The efficacy of Toothpaste C (CloSYS anticavity toothpaste) was compared with United States Pharmacopoeia Reference Dentifrice, Toothpaste B (discontinued CloSYS anticavity toothpaste formulation) and leading commercial toothpastes. The enamel fluoride uptake and remineralization by Toothpaste C was 96.1% to 303.3% and 38.0% to 102.4% higher than the tested toothpastes, respectively. The mean pellicle cleaning ratio of Toothpaste C was similar to American Dental Association Reference Material. Toothpaste C had a significant reduction in regrowth of the oral polymicrobial biofilm compared to the control. All tested toothpastes contained 0.24% sodium fluoride. Toothpaste C exhibited significantly superior performance towards fluoride uptake and remineralization compared to the tested toothpastes. Therefore, toothpaste ingredients other than sodium fluoride accounted for the enhanced fluoride uptake and remineralization.
Effectiveness of Minimal Quantity Lubrication in Machining Processes (2002)

A minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) machining is able to achieve both functions of cooling and lubrication with an extremely low quantity of a cutting fluid and a large amount of air blow. Using a biodegradable ester oil, turning tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the MQL system. It was found that the performance of MQL cutting was equivalent to, or better than, that of conventional cutting, because the MQL system tends to prevent the heat damage of the tool tip and, if an effective lubricant such as a particular polyol ester is applied to the system, it can avoid the extensive transfer of workpiece materials on to the tool surface.