gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormones for Self-Reconfigurable Robots (2000)

Docking is a crucial action for self-reconfigurable robots because it supports almost all practical advantages of such robots. In addition to the classic docking challenges found in other applications, such as reliable dock/latch mechanics, effective guiding systems, and intelligent control protocols, docking in selfreconfigurable robots is also subject to some unique constraints. These constraints include the kinematics constraints imposed on the docking modules by other modules in the configuration, communication limitations between the docking and relevant modules, and the demand for distributed control software because of the dynamics of configuration. To solve these challenging problems, this paper reports a set of solutions developed in the CONRO reconfigurable robot project. The paper presents a three-stage docking process, six different alignment protocols, distributed inverse kinematics, and other techniques such as dynamic lubrication that are essential for successful docking in CONRO-like robots. These solutions enable CONRO robots to perform autonomous and distributed reconfigurations in a laboratory environment, and they also suggest important considerations for docking in self-reconfiguration in general. 1.
Alkene Hydrosilylation on Oxide‐Supported Pt‐Ligand Single‐Site Catalysts (2019)

Abstract Heterogeneous single‐site catalysts (SSCs), widely regarded as promising next‐generation catalysts, blend the easy recovery of traditional heterogeneous catalysts with desired features of homogeneous catalysts: high fraction of active sites and uniform metal centers. We previously reported the synthesis of Pt‐ligand SSCs through a novel metal‐ligand self‐assembly method on MgO, CeO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 supports ( J. Catal . 2018 , 365 , 303–312). Here, we present their applications in the industrially‐relevant alkene hydrosilylation reaction, with 95 % yield achieved under mild conditions. As expected, they exhibit better metal utilization efficiency than traditional heterogeneous Pt catalysts. The comparison with commercial catalysts (Karstedt and Speier) reveals several advantages of these SSCs: higher selectivity, less colloidal Pt formation, less alkene isomerization/hydrogenation, and better tolerance towards functional groups in substrates. Despite some leaching, our catalysts exhibit satisfactory recyclability and the single‐site structure remains intact on oxide supports after reaction. Pt single‐sites were proved to be the main active sites rather than colloidal Pt formed during the reaction. An induction period is observed in which Pt sites are activated by Cl detachment and replacement by reactant alkenes. The most active species likely involves temporary detachment of Pt from ligand or support. Catalytic performance of Pt SSCs is sensitive to the ligand and support choices, enabling fine tuning of Pt sites. This work highlights the application of heterogeneous SSCs created by the novel metal‐ligand self‐assembly strategy in an industrially‐relevant reaction. It also offers a potential catalyst for future industrial hydrosilylation applications with several improvements over current commercial catalysts.
Subwavelength imaging by a flat cylindrical lens using optimized negative refraction (2005)

We experimentally demonstrate subwavelength imaging by a “flat cylindrical” lens using negative refraction. A two-dimensional photonic crystal whose dispersion at the second band provides group velocity opposite to the phase velocity for electromagnetic waves is employed to realize the flat lens, and the working frequency is chosen so that the effective refractive index is approximately equal to −1.0. Experiment demonstrated the imaging of a point source in both amplitude and phase in the millimeter-wave regime. By measuring the field distributions in the object plane and image plane, we observed amplification of evanescent waves and subwavelength size image. The image of two incoherent sources with subwavelength distance showed two resolvable spots, which served to further verify subwavelength resolution.
Logical Signal Processing With Optically Connected Threshold Gates (1986)

The characteristic features of deterministic and nondeterministic optical threshold logic gates are reviewed. Analog, binary, multiple-valued, multiple-class, and polynomial threshold gates are considered. Threshold synthesis techniques are outlined. Bulk optical and integrated optical implementations of reconfigurable threshold gates are discussed. Examples of deterministic logic operations involving binary addition and digital picture processing are presented. Applications to nondeterministic operations such as pattern recognition and heteroassociative processing are considered. The sensitivity of deterministic and nondeterministic mul-tiple-input optical threshold gates to physical errors is analyzed. The particular advantages of optically connected threshold gates with respect to electronic threshold gates are discussed.
Finite difference wave-equation illumination: a deep-water case study (2012)

Illumination studies of targets in complex geologies is a central aspect in survey design, structural imaging and reservoir characterization, and require more accurate algorithms that properly describe the physical properties of wave propagation. Conventionally, illumination and resolution studies for survey design involve ray-based methods, and although they capture properly properties of simpler earth models, they suffer from severe limitations in accuracy in complex regions. Earlier work (Lapilli et al., 2010) introduced a method for target-oriented illumination studies where wave propagation accurately models the wavefield properties, and target-oriented illumination maps are constructed through local decomposition of synthetic seismograms. This target-oriented method presents a reduced modeling cost when compared to an illumination study where given acquisition geometries are fully modeled and migrated to obtain the imaged amplitudes at a selected target. This work presents results of a target-oriented wave illumination study constructed for presurvey analysis of a full azimuth acquisition geometry over a deep-water subsalt target. The resulting illumination map is compared with the predicted illumination maps of both a fully synthesized and depth migrated target amplitude map and ray-based amplitude map. Shot weights describing the contribution of energy to imaging a given target are also computed, results demonstrate these weights are more stable and adequate for amplitude studies as compared to ray-based results.
Refactoring for reentrancy (2009)

A program is reentrant if distinct executions of that program on distinct inputs cannot affect each other. Reentrant programs have the desirable property that they can be deployed on parallel machines without additional concurrency control. Many existing Java programs are not reentrant because they rely on mutable global state. We present a mostly-automated refactoring that makes such programs reentrant by replacing global state with thread-local state and performing each execution in a fresh thread. The approach has the key advantage of yielding a program that is obviously safe for parallel execution; the program can then be optimized selectively for better performance. We implemented this refactoring in Reentrancer, a practical Eclipse-based tool. Reentrancer successfully eliminated observed reentrancy problems in five single-threaded Java benchmarks. For three of the benchmarks, Reentrancer enabled speedups on a multicore machine without any further code modification.
Improving the efficiency of the LDPC code-based McEliece cryptosystem through irregular codes (2013)

We consider the framework of the McEliece cryptosystem based on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which is a promising post-quantum alternative to classical public key cryptosystems. The use of LDPC codes in this context allows to achieve good security levels with very compact keys, which is an important advantage over the classical McEliece cryptosystem based on Goppa codes. However, only regular LDPC codes have been considered up to now, while some further improvement can be achieved by using irregular LDPC codes, which are known to achieve better error correction performance than regular LDPC codes. This is shown in this paper, for the first time at our knowledge. The possible use of irregular transformation matrices is also investigated, which further increases the efficiency of the system, especially in regard to the public key size.
A negative dielectric constant in nano-particle materials under an electric field at very low frequencies (2005)

The significance of a negative dielectric constant has long been recognized. We report here the observation of a field-induced large negative dielectric constant of aggregates of oxide nano-particles at frequencies below ~ 1 Hz at room temperature. The accompanying induced charge detected opposes the electric field applied in the field-induced negative dielectric constant state. A possible collective effect in the nano-particle aggregates is proposed to account for the observations. Materials with a negative dielectric constant are expected to provide an attraction between similar charges and unusual scattering to electromagnetic waves with possible profound implications for high temperature superconductivity and communications.
Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disease with an average survival of 3 years from symptom onset. Rapid and conclusive early diagnosis is essential if interventions with disease-modifying therapies are to be successful. Cytoskeletal modification and inflammation are known to occur during the pathogenesis of ALS. We measured levels of cytoskeletal proteins and inflammatory markers in the CSF of ALS, disease controls and healthy subjects. We determined threshold values for each protein that provided the optimal sensitivity and specificity for ALS within a training set, as determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Interestingly, the optimal assay was a ratio of the levels for phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 (pNFH/C3). We next applied this assay to a separate test set of CSF samples to verify our results. Overall, the predictive pNFH/C3 ratio identified ALS with 87.3% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in a total of 71 ALS subjects, 52 disease control subjects and 40 healthy subjects. In addition, the level of CSF pNFH correlated with survival of ALS patients. We also detected increased pNFH in the plasma of ALS patients and observed a correlation between CSF and plasma pNFH levels within the same subjects. These findings support large-scale prospective biomarker studies to determine the clinical utility of diagnostic and prognostic signatures in ALS.
The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Evacetrapib Administered as Monotherapy or in Combination With Statins (2014)

Evacetrapib is a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor currently being evaluated in a late-stage cardiovascular outcome trial. Using population-based models, we analyzed evacetrapib concentration data along with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) data from a 12-week study in dyslipidemic patients treated with evacetrapib alone or in combination with atorvastatin, simvastatin, or rosuvastatin. Evacetrapib pharmacokinetics were characterized using a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. Evacetrapib exposure increased in a less than dose-proportional manner, similar to other CETP inhibitors. No patient factors had a clinically relevant impact on evacetrapib pharmacokinetics. The relationships between evacetrapib exposure and HDL-C and LDL-C were characterized using Emax models. The theoretical maximal mean HDL-C increase and LDL-C decrease relative to baseline were 177 and 44.1%, respectively. HDL-C change from baseline was found to be negatively correlated with baseline HDL-C. A pharmacologically independent LDL-C reduction was found when evacetrapib was coadministered with statins.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e94; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.70; published online 22 January 2014.
Flow Control for Cost-Efficient Peer-to-Peer Streaming (2010)

In this paper we address the issue of network cost efficiency for live streaming peer-to-peer systems. We formalize this as an optimization problem, which features a generic cost function. The latter is appropriate to capture not only ISP-specific link weights, but also non-linear, congestion-dependent costs. Our main contribution is the introduction of the Implicit-Primal-Dual scheme for flow control in live streaming peer-to-peer systems. It is fully distributed in that it relies only on local state variable exchanges. Moreover, we show that at a fluid scale, combined with random linear network coding, it admits the cost optimal operating point as a fixed point. We also prove asymptotic boundedness of fluid trajectories for particular cost functions. We finally show via experiments that these optimality properties are resilient to operational constraints such as finite generation size and finite field size.
Recovering From a Node Failure in Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks With Minimal Topology Changes (2012)

In wireless sensor-actor networks, sensors probe their surroundings and forward their data to actor nodes. Actors collaboratively respond to achieve predefined application mission. Since actors have to coordinate their operation, it is necessary to maintain a strongly connected network topology at all times. Moreover, the length of the inter-actor communication paths may be constrained to meet latency requirements. However, a failure of an actor may cause the network to partition into disjoint blocks and would, thus, violate such a connectivity goal. One of the effective recovery methodologies is to autonomously reposition a subset of the actor nodes to restore connectivity. Contemporary recovery schemes either impose high node relocation overhead or extend some of the inter-actor data paths. This paper overcomes these shortcomings and presents a Least-Disruptive topology Repair (LeDiR) algorithm. LeDiR relies on the local view of a node about the network to devise a recovery plan that relocates the least number of nodes and ensures that no path between any pair of nodes is extended. LeDiR is a localized and distributed algorithm that leverages existing route discovery activities in the network and imposes no additional prefailure communication overhead. The performance of LeDiR is analyzed mathematically and validated via extensive simulation experiments.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Chemosensitizers in Multi-Drug-Resistant <i>Plasmodium </i><i>f</i><i>alciparum</i> (2002)

A series of new chemosensitizers (modulators) against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum were designed and synthesized in an attempt to fabricate modulators with enhancing drug-resistant reversing efficacy and minimal side effects. Four aromatic amine ring systems-phenothiazine, iminodibenzyl, iminostilbene, and diphenylamine-were examined. Various tertiary amino groups including either noncyclic or cyclic aliphatic amines were introduced to explore the steric tolerance at the end of the side chain. The new compounds showed better drug-resistant reversing activity in chloroquine-resistant than in mefloquine-resistant cell lines and were generally more effective against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum isolates from Southeast Asian (W2 and TM91C235) than those from South America (PC49 and RCS). Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that elongation of the alkyl side chain of the molecule retained the chemosensitizing activity, and analogues with four-carbon side chains showed superior activity. Furthermore, new modulators with phenothiazine ring exhibited the best chemosensitizing activity among the four different ring systems examined. Terminal amino function has limited steric tolerance as evidenced by the dramatic lose of the modulating activity, when the size of substituent at the amino group increases. The best new modulator synthesized in this study possesses all three optimized structural features, which consist of a phenothiazine ring and a pyrrolidinyl group joined by a four-carbon alkyl bridge. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of the best compound is 0.21, which is superior to that of verapamil (0.51), one of the best-known multi-drug-resistant reversing agents. Some of the analogues displayed moderate intrinsic in vitro antimalarial activity against a W-2 clone of P. falciparum.
Neural stem cell‐based treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (2013)

Human neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are caused by a loss of neurons and glia in the brain or spinal cord. Neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), and stem cell-based cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases have been developed. A recent advance in generation of a new class of pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from patients' own skin fibroblasts, opens doors for a totally new field of personalized medicine. Transplantation of NSCs, neurons or glia generated from stem cells in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, HD, ALS and AD, demonstrates clinical improvement and also life extension of these animals. Additional therapeutic benefits in these animals can be provided by stem cell-mediated gene transfer of therapeutic genes such as neurotrophic factors and enzymes. Although further research is still needed, cell and gene therapy based on stem cells, particularly using neurons and glia derived from iPSCs, ESCs or NSCs, will become a routine treatment for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases and also stroke and spinal cord injury.
New method to prepare iron particles with different morphologies: A way to get high green strength metal compacts (2002)

Metaliron powders of well controlled size and morphology were synthesised by thermal decomposition under hydrogen of precipitated ferrous oxalates. Green compacts were prepared by uniaxial pressing of metal powders at 290 MPa. The bending green strengths of compacts were measured. The precipitation of β-FeC 2 O 4 .2H 2 O oxalate from ammonium oxalate gives rise to the formation of spherical particles by aggregation ofelongated grains. Thermal decomposition of this oxalate from 400 to 500°C under hydrogen permits metal iron particles with a rough surface to be obtained. Decomposition occurring above 500°C induces a smoothness of the particle surface. Metal particles synthesised at 500°C show both surface roughness and micrometer sized primary grains.This specific microstructure has allowed the highest value ofcompact green strength (31·7 MPa) to be obtained. Acicular shaping of the β-FeC 2 O 4 .2H 2 O particles precipitated from oxalic acid involves, after decomposition, an increase in the surface roughness and shape irregularity of the metal particles, owing to an entanglement of the elementary grains. An exceptional value (about 60 MPa) for the metal compact green strength was thus obtained for this type of powder.
Vertical stability of elongated tokamaks (1974)

The vertical stability of an elongated tokamak plasma with infinite conductivity is numerically investigated under simple assumptions, in toroidal co-ordinates. The rectangular configuration is stable for an elongation ratio of less than 3 ∼ 4, depending upon the current profile. It is shown that the stabilization at high elongation ratio is related to the rotational-transform constraint.
Video cross-talk reduction and synchronization for two-way collaboration (2010)

Recent two-way collaboration prototypes attempt to improve natural interactivity, correct eye contact and gaze direction, and media sharing using novel configurations of projectors, screens, and video cameras. These systems are often afflicted by video cross-talk where the content displayed for viewing by the local participant is unintentionally captured by the camera and delivered to the remote participant. Prior attempts to reduce this cross-talk purely in hardware through various forms of multiplexing (e.g., temporal, wavelength (color), polarization) have performance and cost limitations. In this work, careful system characterization and subsequent signal processing algorithms allow us to reduce video cross-talk. The signals themselves are used to detect temporal synchronization offsets which then allow subsequent reduction of the cross-talk signal. Our software-based approach enables the effective use of simpler hardware and optics than prior methods. Results show substantial cross-talk reduction in a system with unsynchronized projector and camera.
Early and Sustained Benefit on Event-Free Survival and Heart Failure Hospitalization From Fixed-Dose Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate/Hydralazine (2007)

FDC I/H treatment of black patients with moderate to severe HF who were taking neurohormonal blockers produced early and sustained significant improvement in event-free survival and hospitalization for HF in the A-HeFT cohort, with significant reduction in mortality from cardiovascular and pump failure deaths. The treatment effects on the primary composite end point and event-free survival were consistent across subgroups.
Alternating polyanion/polycation second-order nonlinear optical films by aqueous solution deposition (1998)

Alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (APD) in aqueous solutions may be used to process nonlinear optical polymers (NLOPs) into noncentrosymmetric ordered films at ambient temperature. Second-order NLOP films were prepared by alternately dipping a substrate into aqueous solutions of a polycation and a polyanion. Polyepichlorohydrin substituted with stilbazolium side-chain chromophore was used as the cationic NLOP. The inactive polyanion was polystyrene sulfonate. Uniform layer to layer deposition is observed as evidenced by a linear increase of UV-Visible absorbance and quadratic increase of second harmonic generated light intensity as a function of film thickness. Films have been uniformly deposited up to 24 bilayers. Films have been further characterized by contact angle measurements, interferometry, and polarized light microscopy. Work is in progress to deposit thicker films of the same quality and to quantify NLO figures of merit.