gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Configurable adaptive optical system for imaging of ground-based targets from space (2003)

Space-based, high resolution, Earth remote sensing systems, that employ large, flexible, lightweight primary mirrors, will require active wavefront correction, in the form of active and adaptive optics, to correct for thermally and vibrationally induced deformations in the optics. These remote sensing systems typically have a large field-of-view. Unlike the adaptive optics on ground-based astronomical telescopes, which have a negligible field-of-view, the adaptive optics on these space-based remote sensing systems will be required to correct the wavefront over the entire field-of-view, which can be several degrees. The error functions for astronomical adaptive optics have been developed for the narrow field-of-view correction of atmospheric turbulence and do not address the needs of wide field space-based systems. To address these needs, a new wide field adaptive optics theory and a new error function are developed. Modeling and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the wide field adaptive optics theory and new error function. This new error function, which is a new extension of conventional adaptive optics, lead to the development of three new types of imaging systems: wide field-of-view, selectable field-of-view, and steerable field-of-view. These new systems can have nearly diffraction-limited performance across the entire field-of-view or a narrow movable region of high-resolution imaging. The factors limiting system performance will be shown. The range of applicability of the wide field adaptive optics theory is shown. The range of applicability is used to avoid limitations in system performance and to estimate the optical systems parameters, which will meet the system’s performance requirements.
Free-space transfer of comb-rooted optical frequencies over an 18 km open-air link (2019)

Phase-coherent transfer of optical frequencies over a long distance is required for diverse photonic applications, including optical clock dissemination and physical constants measurement. Several demonstrations were made successfully over fiber networks, but not much work has been done yet through the open air where atmospheric turbulence prevails. Here, we use an 18 km outdoor link to transmit multiple optical carriers extracted directly from a frequency comb of a 4.2 THz spectral width. In stabilization to a high-finesse cavity with a 1.5 Hz linewidth, the comb-rooted optical carriers are simultaneously transferred with collective suppression of atmospheric phase noise to -80 dBc Hz<sup>-1</sup>. Microwaves are also delivered by pairing two separate optical carriers bound with inter-comb-mode coherence, for example a 10 GHz signal with phase noise of -105 dBc Hz<sup>-1</sup> at 1 Hz offset. Lastly, an add-on demonstration is given for multi-channel coherent optical communications with the potential of multi-Tbps data transmission in free space.
GeoStreamer, a Dual-sensor Towed Marine Streamer (2008)

This paper reports the successful implementation of particle velocity sensors in a new dual-sensor towed marine streamer and presents examples of acquired and processed data from that streamer. Properly combining the recorded signals from the particle velocity sensors with those from the hydrophones cancels sea-surface ghost reflections and removes the notches from the data’s frequency spectrum caused by those ghost reflections. As a result, the streamer can be towed deeper below the sea surface than is currently practicable, and the data are much less affected by weather noise, without compromising its bandwidth. In fact, the bandwidth of the recorded data is increased.
Gas turbine combustion assembly (1984)

An improved gas turbine engine combustor assembly particularly for automotive application including a primary reaction chamber disposed in a pressurized air plenum of the engine, fixed area air flow ports between the reaction chamber and the plenum, a prechamber housing at an upstream end of the reaction chamber having an annular fixed area air passage between the plenum and the reaction chamber, a radially expandable annular partion in the air passage dividing the latter into an annular pechamber portion and an outer annular excess air portion, and a fuel nozzle operative to spray fuel into the prechamber portion where it vaporizes and mixes with air passing through the prechamber portion to provide a combustible mixture of properly lean air-fuel ratio in the combustor. The flow areas of the pechamber portion and the excess air portion vary in mutually inverse relationship and combine to always substantially equal the flow area of the air passage.
Novel Methods to Generate Active Ingredients-Enriched Ashwagandha Leaves and Extracts (2016)

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an Ayurvedic herb commonly used in world-renowned traditional Indian home medicine system. Roots of Ashwagandha have been traditionally known to possess a variety of therapeutic and health promoting potentials that have not been sufficiently supported by laboratory studies. Nevertheless, most, if not all, of the preventive and therapeutic potentials have been assigned to its bioactive components, steroidal alkaloids and lactones. In contrast to the traditional use of roots, we have been exploring bioactivities in leaves of Ashwagandha. Here, we report that the leaves possess higher content of active Withanolides, Withaferin-A (Wi-A) and Withanone (Wi-N), as compared to the roots. We also established, for the first time, hydroponic cultivation of Ashwagandha and investigated the effect of various cultivation conditions on the content of Wi-A and Wi-N by chemical analysis and bioassays. We report that the Withanone/Withaferin A-rich leaves could be obtained by manipulating light condition during hydroponic cultivation. Furthermore, we recruited cyclodextrins to prepare extracts with desired ratio of Wi-N and Wi-A. Hydroponically grown Ashwagandha and its extracts with high ratio of withanolides are valuable for cancer treatment.
MWM ® -ARRAY ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNIQUES FOR CRACK SIZING, WELD ASSESSMENT, WALL LOSS / THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, AND MECHANICAL DAMAGE PROFILOMETRY (2012)

Magnetic field-based eddy current sensor arrays are seeing increasing focus as an inspection technique that can deliver reliable and low-cost solutions for high resolution imaging of damage in pipelines. Eddy current methods don’t require surface preparation (such as sand blasting) and external protection can be left in place, including corrosion protection coatings, thermal insulation, weight control coatings, and even metallic weather protection. This reduces the amount of time associated with non-inspection activities, which reduces overall costs.
Any role for the nucleophosmin (<i>NPM1</i>) gene in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia with chromosome 5 abnormalities? (2007)

Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations, mostly affecting the exon-12 of the gene, are one of the most frequent genetic alterations in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accounting for about 30% of cases a...
<title>Novel electro-optic modulator system for the production of dynamic images from giga-pixel computer-generated holograms</title> (2000)

A new electro-optic modulator system has been developed by the authors to replay dynamic holographic images. This Active Tiling<SUP>TM</SUP> system offers a route to replay giga- pixel computer generated hologram images with video refresh rates. High speed, medium complexity electrically addressed spatial light modulators are combined with a high resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator to provide ultra-high complexity, video frame rate holographic data suitable for coherent readout.
ML/EM Reconstruction Algorithm for Cosmic Ray (2006)

Highly penetrating cosmic ray muons constantly shower the earth at a rate of about 1 muon per cm 2 per minute. We have developed a technique which exploits the multiple Coulomb scattering of these particles to perform non-destructive inspection without the use of artificial radiation. In this paper we present a Maximum Likelihood / Expectation Maximization (ML/EM) tomographic reconstruction algorithm designed for the technique.
Optical bandwidth enhancement by operation and modulation of the first excited state of a transistor laser (2007)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. W. Then, M. Feng, N. Holonyak; Optical bandwidth enhancement by operation and modulation of the first excited state of a transistor laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 29 October 2007; 91 (18): 183505. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2805014 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Optimization of 1,2,4-Triazolopyridines as Inhibitors of Human 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD-1) (2014)

Small alkyl groups and spirocyclic-aromatic rings directly attached to the left side and right side of the 1,2,4-triazolopyridines (TZP), respectively, were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-type 1 (11β-HSD-1) enzyme. 3-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-8-cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (9f) was identified as a potent inhibitor of the 11β-HSD-1 enzyme with reduced Pregnane-X receptor (PXR) transactivation activity. The binding orientation of this TZP series was revealed by X-ray crystallography structure studies.
Ruthenium-catalysed domino hydroformylation–hydrogenation–esterification of olefins (2021)

Aliphatic esters are made easily from acetic acid, olefins, and synthesis gas. In the presence of ruthenium–phosphine complexes novel domino-hydroformylation–hydrogenation–esterification proceeds in moderate to good yields.
Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Arylene—Vinylene Copolymers as Light-Emitting Materials (1997)

Polymer light-emitting diode (P-LED) devices have successfully been fabricated using highly luminous poly(arylene vinylene) derivatives. Structural and energetic irregularity introduced into the conjugated polymers gave us a highly luminous polymer due to confinement of excitons. The irregularity can be generated by copolymerization of conjugated/non-conjugated segments, m/p-phenylene vinylenes and alkyl/alkoxy-substituted phenylene vinylenes. Among the copolymers, the m/p-phenylene vinylene copolymer gave the most highly efficient P-LED device because of the good balance of the exciton confinement and the charge transporting property. The optimized P-LED showed a maximum luminance of 55,000cd/m2.
Synthesis of MTW-type Zeolites in the Absence of Organic Structure-directing Agent (2010)

Abstract The synthesis of MTW-type aluminosilicate zeolites in the absence of organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) was successfully attained by the addition of calcined ZSM-12 seeds to (Li, Na)-aluminosilicate gels. In this system, Li cation plays a crucial role in the growth of the MTW crystals.
Track and Trace Multiple Incoherent Sound Sources in 3D Space in Real Time (2009)

This paper presents a methodology for tracking and tracing multiple incoherent sound sources in 3D space in real time. A salient feature of this methodology is its capability of handling all types of sound signals, including broadband, narrowband, continuous, impulsive, and tonal (sinusoidal) sounds over the audible frequency range (20 to 20,000 Hz). Locations of sound sources are indicated in terms of the Cartesian coordinates in real time. The target sources are viewed through an automatic tracking camera covering 350 degree solid angle. The hardware includes four microphones, a thermometer, a webcam, a five-channel signal conditioner and a laptop. Thus, the system can be made light, portable, easy to setup and use and inexpensive. The underlying algorithm is a hybrid approach consisting of modeling of sound radiation from a point source in a free field, triangulation and signal processing techniques. To acquire better understanding of the performance of the device, numerical simulations are conducted to study the impacts of signal noise ratio, microphone spacing, source distance and frequency on the spatial resolution and accuracy of the results. Experiments are carried out to validate results over a wide variety of real-world sound signals such as helicopter noise, human conversations, truck pass-by noise, gun shots, impact sounds, clapping, coughing, etc. Satisfactory results are obtained in most cases, even when a source is behind the measurement microphones.
Reduction of Space Charge Effects in Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using a Supplemental Electron Source inside the Skimmer:  Ion Transmission and Mass Spectral Characteristics (2000)

An electron source consisting of a heated filament has been added to the skimmer to suppress space charge effects in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Electrons from this source can reduce the space charge repulsion between the positive ions in the ion beam. As a result, ion transmission efficiency and analyte ion sensitivities are significantly improved across the full mass range. MO+/M+ abundance ratios are not affected, M2+/M+ abundance ratios increase only slightly, and no new background ions are created by this electron injection technique.
Cooling of an integrated Brillouin laser below the thermal limit (2022)

Photonically integrated resonators are promising as a platform for enabling ultranarrow linewidth lasers in a compact form factor. Owing to their small size, these integrated resonators suffer from thermal noise that limits the frequency stability of the optical mode to ∼100 kHz. Here, we demonstrate an integrated stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) laser based on a large mode-volume annulus resonator that realizes an ultranarrow thermal-noise-limited linewidth of 270 Hz. In practice, yet narrower linewidths are required before integrated lasers can be truly useful for applications such as optical atomic clocks, quantum computing, gravitational wave detection, and precision spectroscopy. To this end, we employ a thermorefractive noise suppression technique utilizing an auxiliary laser to reduce our SBS laser linewidth to 70 Hz. This demonstration showcases the possibility of stabilizing the thermal motion of even the narrowest linewidth chip lasers to below 100 Hz, thereby opening the door to making integrated microresonators practical for the most demanding future scientific endeavors.
Three-dimensional integral imaging for gesture recognition under occlusions (2018)

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has recently been applied to human gesture recognition using depth maps from RGB-D sensors. An alternative which has been scarcely explored is 3D Integral Imaging, which has shown to give very competitive results in object reconstruction and recognition tasks, even under challenging conditions (e.g. low illumination, occlusions). Integral Imaging has some remarkable advantages over other sensors that may give 3D information (like RGB-D sensors). One of the most important ones is its long range working capability, which stands out even more when compared against other sensors that lose their capabilities for depths of 2m or more. In this paper we present results corresponding to the application of the integral imaging 3D acquisition technique for the recognition of human gestures, when there are occlusions that may hinder the recognition capability. We also present results comparing its capability against that given by an RGB-D sensor (Kinect) and that obtained when only one of the cameras in the camera array is used. Our results show that Integral Imaging compares more or less similarly to Kinect and the monocular case when there are not occlusions, but much more favorably when there are. We also show that the camera spatial resolution may be an issue to account for, when we refer to gesture recognition under occlusions, for the monocular case, but it is less sensitive for the Integral Imaging case, because the features that are extracted from Integral Imaging seem to be more descriptive and discriminative than for the monocular counterpart case.
Bias temperature reliability of n/sup +/ and p/sup +/ polysilicon gated NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs (1993)

A comparison of bias temperature reliability for submicron p/sup +/ and n/sup +/ polysilicon gated devices is presented. An instability associated with the p/sup +/ polysilicon gated devices that gives a negative Delta V/sub t/ and an interface-state buildup for positive bias temperature (+BT) was observed. This instability is explained in terms of the amount of the hydrogen-bonded component of moisture that remains in the gate electrode. It is further shown that a proper postmetallization anneal will significantly reduce this instability. Therefore, it is concluded that high BT reliability for p/sup +/ polysilicon gated devices can be achieved with process controls and actions that reduce the moisture in the device-active area. These controls provide an adequate reliability margin in dual work-function designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anaerobic Microbial Dissolution of Transition and Heavy Metal Oxides (1988)

Anaerobic microbial dissolution of several crystalline, water-insoluble forms of metal oxides commonly associated with the waste from energy production was investigated. An anaerobic N-fixing Clostridium sp. with an acetic, butyric, and lactic acid fermentation pattern, isolated from coal-cleaning waste, solubilized Fe(2)O(3) and MnO(2) by direct enzymatic reduction; CdO, CuO, PbO, and ZnO were solubilized by indirect action due to the production of metabolites and the lowering of the pH of the growth medium. Extracellular heat-labile components of the cell-free spent medium obtained from cultures without oxide solubilized a significant amount of Fe(2)O(3) (1.7 mumol); however, direct contact with the bacterial cells resulted in the complete dissolution (4.8 mumol) of the oxide. Under identical conditions, the cell-free spent medium solubilized only a small amount of MnO(2) (0.07 mumol), whereas 2.3 mumol of the oxide was solubilized by direct bacterial contact. Reduction of Fe(2)O(3) and MnO(2) by Clostridium sp. proceeds at different rates and, possibly, by different enzymatic systems. Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides appear to be used as sinks for excess electrons generated from glucose fermentation, since there is no apparent increase in growth of the bacterium concomitant with the reduction of the oxides. Dialysis bag experiments with Co(2)O(3) indicate that there is a slight dissolution of Co (0.16 mumol) followed by precipitation or biosorption. Although Mn(2)O(3), Ni(2)O(3), and PbO(2) may undergo reductive dissolution from a higher to a lower oxidation state, dissolution by direct or indirect action was not observed. Also, Cr(2)O(3) and NiO were not solubilized by direct or indirect action. Significant amounts of solubilized Cd, Cu, and Pb were immobilized by the bacterial biomass, and the addition of Cu inhibited the growth of the bacterium.
20.8 A dual-frequency 0.7-to-1GHz balance network for electrical balance duplexers (2016)

An electrical-balance duplexer (EBD) is a tunable RF front-end concept that seeks to address several key challenges of 4G and 5G mobile systems [1]. The basic principle is shown in Fig. 20.8.1. Duplexer isolation is achieved when the signals in paths 1 and 2 cancel and prevent the TX signal from appearing at the RX port. This cancellation is achieved by “balancing” the antenna impedance ZANT with an on-chip tunable impedance ZBAL.
On-wafer photoacid determination and imaging technique for chemically amplified photoresists (1998)

A fundamental task of chemically amplified photoresists is to record the incident radiation by generating catalyst concentration gradients within the film. In many resists, the catalyst is a strong Brönsted acid which yields a latent image of pH within the exposed film. A number of mechanistic questions remain about acid generator efficiency and its mobility once generated and heated. We have developed a technique in which a pH-dependent fluorophore is incorporated into the resist (an undyed version of SAL 605 from the Shipley Company and similar formulations). The localized acid concentrations generated by exposure to x-rays are analyzed and imaged using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. Initial experiments, the spectroscopic apparatus, and initial far-field imaging are reported elsewhere [S. J. Bukofsky, G. D. Feke, Q. Wu, R. D. Grober, P. M. Dentinger, and J. W. Taylor, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3 (1998)]. In this article, several fluorophores are evaluated, and various criteria for successful imaging within the photoresist matrix are established. These criteria include pKa of the fluorophore, photostability, and functional groups that affect the performance of the acid within the film. The technique is used to show the relative efficiency of two photoacid generators in otherwise identical matrices, and the method has the potential for rapid photogenerated acid yield determination among a variety of photoacid generators. This technique can be used in thin imaging films and, due to the low level of fluorophore required (0.01–0.1 wt. %), for photoacid yield determination in optical photoresists without significantly altering the absorbance characteristics of the film. Initial near-field scanning optical microscopy images are shown and the potential of the technique for several lithographic applications, including measurement of the actual spread of the acid distribution during postexposure bake, is discussed.