gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of B lymphopoiesis during normal pregnancy. (1993)

We describe a dramatic reduction in numbers and activity of committed B lymphocyte precursors in the bone marrow of normal pregnant mice. Changes in cells responsive to IL-7 were evident as early as 6.5 d of pregnancy and values were < 10% of normal at parturition. B lineage precursors, identified by display of CD45R and absence of surface IgM, were also substantially depressed, and subpopulations representing different stages in the B lineage were assessed by three-color flow cytometry. Early pro-B cells are medium to large in size and have been previously characterized by low expression of the heat-stable antigen (HSA). This category of cells was not reduced, and in fact may have been slightly elevated, during pregnancy. In contrast, all subsequent populations of B lineage precursors, defined by patterns of expression of heat-stable and CD43 antigens, were substantially depressed. The immediate precursors of B cells (small pre-B cells) were identified by small size, expression of CD45R, absence of CD43, and lack of surface IgM. These were the most reduced of any phenotypically defined population in bone marrow. Numbers of newly formed B cells, characterized by the presence of sIgM, but not sIgD, were also diminished. However, B cells with a mature phenotype (sIgM+, sIgD+) were present in normal to somewhat elevated numbers. Mitogen-responsive B cells clonable in a semisolid agar assay were not significantly affected. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling technique was used to evaluate mitotic activity, which revealed an increased proportion of long-lived lymphocytes in the bone marrow of pregnant mice. These observations indicate that B lymphopoiesis is markedly downregulated during pregnancy and that all precursor populations beyond the early pro-B cell stage are affected. The pregnancy-related changes in bone marrow were selective for B lineage precursors, as cells expressing myeloid and erythroid markers were not reduced. In spleen, evidence was obtained for partial depletion of one subset of B cells. These cells, which have been reported to be recent immigrants from marrow, are characterized as having high levels of sIgM and HSA. Changes in other major B lymphocyte subsets in the spleen were less remarkable. When considered with results from the BrdU labeling procedure, the findings indicate that both production and export of lymphocytes from marrow may be substantially decreased. Numbers of B cell precursors were higher in postpartum animals whose litters were removed at birth, suggesting that lactation may prolong regeneration of lymphocyte production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Optimized one-cycle control in photovoltaic grid connected applications (2006)

The use of one-cycle control (OCC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and power factor correction (PFC) in grid connected photovoltaic (PV) applications is discussed. Circuit and operating parameters of the one cycle-based controller of a cost-effective single-stage inverter are optimized in order to obtain the best performances of the system under different irradiance levels. Firstly, design constraints are formulated which allow to get a very efficient OCC operation in terms of power extracted from the PV array, stability, and PFC. Afterwards, such constraints are used to perform the parametric optimization of the one cycle controller by means of suitable heuristic approaches. Various selection criteria of the best parameters set under different conditions are discussed and applied. Finally, a customized perturb and observe (P&O) control is applied to the optimized one cycle controlled single-stage inverter in order to perform a real MPPT in presence of varying irradiance conditions. Subjects described here are covered by the Italian Patent Application SA2005A000014-13.07.2005 and PCT Application PCT/IT2005/000747-20.12.2005
Total Synthesis of (+)-Petromyroxol, (−)-<i>iso</i>-Petromyroxol, and Possible Diastereomers (2020)

The total synthesis of (+)-petromyroxol (<b>1</b>) and its seven diastereomers including the (-)-<i>iso</i>-petromyroxol (<b>2</b>) is described. The employed strategy involves the use of easily available C5-epimeric epoxides <b>5</b> and <b>5'</b> and nonselective anomeric C1-allylation, proceeding with or without inversion at C2, thereby giving the possibility of synthesizing all possible diastereomers. Extensive two-dimensional (2D) NMR analyses of all eight diastereomers have been carried out to assign the chemical shifts of the central carbons and the corresponding attached hydrogens and to learn how the C/H-chemical shifts of the tetrahydrofuran ring were influenced by the adjacent centers.
Surface Electrocardiogram Reconstruction From Intracardiac Electrograms Using a Dynamic Time Delay Artificial Neural Network (2012)

This study proposes a method to facilitate the remote follow up of patients suffering from cardiac pathologies and treated with an implantable device, by synthesizing a 12-lead surface ECG from the intracardiac electrograms (EGM) recorded by the device. Two methods (direct and indirect), based on dynamic time-delay artificial neural networks (TDNNs) are proposed and compared with classical linear approaches. The direct method aims to estimate 12 different transfer functions between the EGM and each surface ECG signal. The indirect method is based on a preliminary orthogonalization phase of the available EGM and ECG signals, and the application of the TDNN between these orthogonalized signals, using only three transfer functions. These methods are evaluated on a dataset issued from 15 patients. Correlation coefficients calculated between the synthesized and the real ECG show that the proposed TDNN methods represent an efficient way to synthesize 12-lead ECG, from two or four EGM and perform better than the linear ones. We also evaluate the results as a function of the EGM configuration. Results are also supported by the comparison of extracted features and a qualitative analysis performed by a cardiologist.
Two port reconfigurable CRLH leaky wave antenna with improved impedance matching and beam tuning (2009)

In this paper we propose a reconfigurable composite right left handed (CRLH) leaky wave antenna as a candidate solution for compact highly reconfigurable MIMO systems. The antenna design consists of a periodioc structure composed of cascaded CRLH microstrip unit cells with tunable electrical characteristics. Two separate ports are located on the same antenna structure such that a single physical antenna can be used as a two element array for reduced antenna space occupation on the communication device. The two element array allows for steering two beams symmetrically with respect to the broadside direction over a wide angular range. Ideally an infinite number of radiation patterns can be excited at each port while keeping good impedance matching and high isolation between the two ports. The gain achievable through this antenna varies between 0.7 and 6.2 dBi depending on the array configuration.
Fast assessment of the central macular pigment density with natural pupil using the macular pigment reflectometer (2006)

We built a new macular pigment reflectometer (MPR) for fast and objective measuring of the optical density of macular pigment in the human eye, using the undilated eye. The design is based on the spectral reflectance from a spot of white light at the fovea. To evaluate its performance, we measured the macular pigment of 20 healthy subjects, ages 18 to 79 years, under four conditions: (1) natural pupil in the dark, (2) natural pupil with dim room light, (3) dilated pupil in the dark, and for comparison with a different technique, (4) heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) in dim room light with natural pupil. Condition 1 was repeated in a subset of 10 subjects after an interval of at least 3 days. Data analysis with a model of reflectors and absorbers in the eye provided the density of the macular pigment in conditions 1 to 3. Dim room light and pupil dilatation had no influence on measured density. Mean within subjects variation was typically 7%. Mean difference between test and retest after at least 3 days was 1%. Correlation between MPR and HFP was r=0.56 (p=0.012). Mean within subjects variation with HFP was 19%. The new instrument holds promise for specific applications such as epidemiological research.
Verb Pattern Based Korean-Chinese Machine Translation System (2002)

This paper describes our ongoing Korean-Chinese machine translation system, which is based on verb patterns. A verb pattern consists of a source language pattern part for analysis and a target language pattern part for generation. Knowledge description on lexical level makes it easy to achieve accurate analyses and natural, correct generation. These features are very important and effective in machine translation between languages with quite different linguistic structures including Korean and Chinese. We performed a preliminary evaluation of our current system and reported the result in the paper.
Sound Source Localization for Hearing Aid Applications Using Wireless Microphones (2018)

State-of-the-art hearing aids (HAs) can connect to a wireless microphone worn by a talker of interest. This ability allows HAs to have access to almost noise-free sound signals of the target talker. In this paper, we aim to estimate the direction of arrival (DoA) of the target signal, given access to the noise-free target signal. Knowing the DoA of the target signal enables HAs to spatialize the wirelessly received target signals. The proposed estimator is based on a maximum likelihood (ML) approach and a database of DoA-dependent relative transfer functions (RTFs), and it supports both monaural and binaural microphone array configurations. For binaural configurations, we propose an information fusion strategy, which decreases the number of parameters required to be wirelessly transferred between the HAs. Further, we show that the proposed method not only has lower computational complexity, but also performs better than recent DoA estimators, which have access to the noise-free target signal.
Slow‐Release Formulation of Cowpea Mosaic Virus for In Situ Vaccine Delivery to Treat Ovarian Cancer (2018)

The plant viral nanoparticle cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is shown to be an effective immunotherapy for ovarian cancer when administered as in situ vaccine weekly, directly into the intraperitoneal (IP) space in mice with disseminated tumors. While the antitumor efficacy is promising, the required frequency of administration may pose challenges for clinical implementation. To overcome this, a slow release formulation is developed. CPMV and polyamidoamine generation 4 dendrimer form aggregates (CPMV-G4) based on electrostatic interactions and as a function of salt concentration, allowing for tailoring of aggregate size and release of CPMV. The antitumor efficacy of a single administration of CPMV-G4 is compared to weekly administration of soluble CPMV in a mouse model of peritoneal ovarian cancer and found to be as effective at reducing disease burden as more frequent administrations of soluble CPMV; a single injection of soluble CPMV, does not significantly slow cancer development. The ability of CPMV-G4 to control tumor growth following a single injection is likely due to the continued presence of CPMV in the IP space leading to prolonged immune stimulation. This enhanced retention of CPMV and its antitumor efficacy demonstrates the potential for viral-dendrimer hybrids to be used for delayed release applications.
Cr/sup 2+/-doped zinc chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers (1997)

Transition-metal-doped zinc chalcogenide crystals have recently been investigated as potential mid-infrared lasers. Tetrahedrally coordinated Cr/sup 2+/ ions are especially attractive as lasants on account of high luminescence quantum yields for emission in the 2000-3000-nm range. Radiative lifetimes and emission cross sections of the upper /sup 5/E state are respectively /spl sim/10 /spl mu/s and /spl sim/10/sup -18/ cm/sup 2/. The associated absorption band peaked at /spl sim/1800 mm enables laser-diode pumping of the Cr/sup 2+/ systems. Laser demonstrations with ZnS:Cr and ZnSe:Cr (using a MgF/sub 2/:Co/sup 2+/ laser pump source) gave slope efficiencies up to 30%. Excited-state-absorption losses appear small, and passive losses dominate at present. Tuning experiments with a diffraction grating produce a tuning range covering at least 2150-2800 nm. Laser crystals can be produced by Bridgman growth, seeded physical vapor transport, or diffusion doping. Zinc chalcogenide thermomechanical properties of interest for medium-to-high-power operation compare favorably with those of other host materials, except for the larger refractive-index derivative dn/dT.
Symbolic Priors for RNN-based Semantic Parsing (2017)

Seq2seq models based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the domain of Semantic Parsing. While in principle they can be trained directly on pairs (natural language utterances, logical forms), their performance is limited by the amount of available data. To alleviate this problem, we propose to exploit various sources of prior knowledge: the well-formedness of the logical forms is modeled by a weighted context-free grammar; the likelihood that certain entities present in the input utterance are also present in the logical form is modeled by weighted finite-state automata. The grammar and automata are combined together through an efficient intersection algorithm to form a soft guide (“background”) to the RNN.We test our method on an extension of the Overnight dataset and show that it not only strongly improves over an RNN baseline, but also outperforms non-RNN models based on rich sets of hand-crafted features.
Multicode high-speed transmission for wireless mobile communication (2002)

We describe a technique for the high-speed transmission of data in wireless personal communications which we denote as multicode modulation. In this technique, the high-rate bit transmitted data is serial to parallel converted into low-rate bit streams in a similar fashion to multicarrier or multitone modulation. However, in contrast to the multicarrier method, we modulate each low-rate bit stream using direct-sequence spread-spectrum on a single carrier. To illustrate the potential and merits of the proposed method as an alternative technique for high-speed transmission for wireless personal communications, various simulation results over multipath fading channels are presented.
Tight frame learning for cardiovascular MRI (2013)

Dynamic cardiovascular MRI facilitates the assessment of the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. One of the challenges in dynamic MRI is the prolonged data acquisition time. In order to fit the data acquisition time inside the motion cycles of the imaging subject, the data must be highly undersampled. Compressed sensing or sparsity based MR reconstruction takes advantage of the fact that the image is compressible in some transform domain, and enables reconstruction based on under-sampled k-space data thereby reducing the acquisition time. The design of such transform is key to the success of the reconstruction. In this paper, we propose to use tight frame learning for computing data-driven transforms. Empirical results demonstrate improvement over the transform associated with the redundant Haar Wavelets.
Synthesis of Highly Coherent SiGe and Si<sub>4</sub>Ge Nanostructures by Molecular Beam Epitaxy of H<sub>3</sub>SiGeH<sub>3</sub> and Ge(SiH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radiation Curable Conductive Ink (1978)

A radiation curable, screen printable conductive ink has been developed for use on thermoplastic circuit boards. The fast application and cure of this solventless material allow mass production of low cost circuits suitable for use with systems that can tolerate higher resistance. In one application, a photoflash array, Flipflash, utilizes a piezoelectric crystal to provide the high voltage necessary to overcome the resistance of the system. The conductive medium in this ink was identified from a wide range of available materials. It allows a rapid radiation cure of the binder which provides excellent adhesion and circuit stability.
Power Management System for Online Low Power RF Energy Harvesting Optimization (2010)

For many years, wireless RF power transmission has been investigated as a viable method of power delivery in a wide array of applications, from high-power space solar power satellites to low-power wireless sensors. However, until recently, efficient application at the low sub-milliwatt power levels has not been realized due to limitations in available control circuitry. This paper presents a “smart” microcontroller-based power management system with online power stage efficiency optimization and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The system is experimentally evaluated using a new, more accurate four-quadrant rectenna model and circuit realization that enables rigorous testing of the power management system for a wide range of rectenna arrays and power characteristics. Hardware results are presented with online optimization over a converter input power range from 10 μW to 1 mW. Results are also shown based on the application of harvesting RF power from a nearby cellular tower, where the power management system collects up to seven times more energy when compared to a direct battery connection.
UNUSUAL EFFECT OF SOME α‐MERCAPTOACRYLIC ACIDS ON METABOLISM OF ZINC IN THE RAT (1977)

1. Gavage of rats with beta-aryl derivatives of alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid resulted in pronounced and sustained elevation of serum zinc concentration. Greater than ten-fold increases above normal zinc levels were attained 2-8 h after doses of 50 mg/kg of the phenyl and furan derivatives. 2. These compounds were rapidly absorbed from the rat gastrointestinal tract and could be detected in serum for several days after a single dose. The return of serum zinc concentration to the normal level paralleled clearance of the mercaptoacrylic acid from plasma. 3. Close to 100% of the zinc and of the alpha-mercapto-beta-(2-furan)acrylic acid (MFA) in serum 4 h after administration of the compound were bound to serum macromolecules. 4. MFA decreased excretion of endogenous zinc; it altered neither the gastrointestinal absorption of zinc nor serum concentrations of copper, albumin and total protein. 5. These compounds appear to mobilize zinc from tissue stores and retard zinc clearance from plasma.
Conditional Based Monitoring of an Three Column Gas Chromatograph (2012)

Chromatography is an analytical technique which facilitates the separation of components in a mixture for subsequent use or analysis. On-line Gas Chromatography is frequently used within the oil and gas sector to obtain the composition of natural gas for the purposes of such things as allocation, fiscal reporting and sales/custody transfer. The composition measured by the Gas Chromatograph (GC) is therefore likely to come under the direct scrutiny of the buyer(s), the seller(s) and the regulator. The GC is widely known as a device that conducts its measuring functions recurrently and it is imperative that the instrument remains stable and repeatable. The requirement for high repeatability makes the setting of the GC valve timing fundamentally important to accurate chromatography and hence there is a requirement to detect the presence of potential drift before the measurement becomes compromised. The composition measured by the GC may be used to calculate various parameters, however, the gas calorific value is commonly used as the basis for financial transactions and as such the accuracy of this measurement is critically important. The author has performed a live test, which, in the absence of condition based monitoring, would have resulted in an undetected problem with the GC settings that would have caused an error of up to 1.4% in the calorific value. For the case in question, the monetary value of this error would have been in excess of £300,000 per month. It is very clear that failure to calibrate and operate a GC to its full potential can be very costly and result in significant financial exposure for all the parties involved. This paper presents a condition based monitoring strategy aimed at ensuring that the GC performance is maintained and that any potential problems are identified early to prevent erroneous measurement.
Racetrack Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerator for variable energy extraction (2018)

In this paper, a novel concept of fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) accelerator is presented which solves the major problems of conventional FFAG and cyclotron accelerators. This concept combines stable racetrack fixed field configuration with dispersion free straight sections to enable variable energy extraction. A time-varying synchrotron-like alternating gradient focusing structure makes it possible for the first time to correct the beam optics of an FFAG accelerator in order to heuristically maximize the beam transmission by minimizing the tune excursion and avoiding the crossing of harmful betatron resonances. This concept makes it possible to design a compact variable energy extraction machine which is particularly useful for research and medical applications such as heavy ion therapy.
High resolution imaging with impulse based thermoacoustic tomography (2011)

Existing imaging modalities like microwave- or radiofrequency (RF) induced thermoacoustic tomography systems show the potential for resolving structures deep inside tissue due to the high penetration properties of RF. However, one of the major drawbacks of existing thermoacoustic tomography systems with pulse modulated carrier frequency excitation is the compromise between efficient signal generation and attainable spatial resolution. In order to overcome limitations of conventional thermoacoustic imaging methods, we herein present and experimentally validate our novel approach towards high resolution thermoacoustic tomography. Instead of carrier-frequency amplification, we utilize ultrahigh-energy electromagnetic impulses at nanosecond duration with near-field energy coupling, thus maintaining thermoacoustic signal strength without compromising spatial resolution. Preliminary experiments on highly absorbing objects, consisting of copper wires with characteristic sizes of ~100 μm, reveal the resolution performance which yields 160 μm. Furthermore, benefits like its cost effectiveness, simplicity and compactness with the potential application in small animal imaging as well as human body imaging show that thermoacoustic tomography with impulse excitation is a promising imaging modality which has a broad range of applications.