gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing anaemia management with subcutaneous administration of epoetin (2005)

European and US guidelines for renal anaemia management recommend subcutaneous (s.c.) epoetin as the preferred route of administration in pre-dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis patients. However, the restriction of Eprex/Erypro to intravenous (i.v.) administration in Europe has increased the interest of health care professionals regarding the optimal route of administration for all epoetin formulations. There are five major considerations for the 'optimal' route of epoetin administration: efficacy; dosing frequency; convenience; safety and tolerability; and cost. Although epoetin bioavailability is lower after s.c. administration, its efficacy is higher, owing to its prolonged elimination half-life compared with i.v. epoetin. Several studies and clinical surveys comparing s.c. and i.v. administration have demonstrated that equivalent target haemoglobin levels can be maintained at much lower doses of epoetin when administered s.c. Furthermore, s.c. epoetin dosing frequency can be reduced in some patients to once every 2 weeks, without compromising efficacy. Devices such as the Reco-Pen have been specifically designed to facilitate self-administration of s.c. epoetin-beta. An upsurge in the incidence of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) was linked to the epoetin-alpha product Eprex/Erypo in Europe, and an increase in PRCA cases of the same magnitude was not seen in patients taking other epoetin products s.c. Therefore, PRCA should not be used as an argument against s.c. administration. The reduced dose with s.c. administration of epoetin-beta provides significant cost benefits, without compromising either safety or efficacy, and may also increase patient satisfaction and compliance with treatment.
Molecular markers for identified neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells in the <i>Drosophila</i> central nervous system (1992)

The first step in generating cellular diversity in the Drosophila central nervous system is the formation of a segmentally reiterated array of neural precursor cells, called neuroblasts. Subsequently, each neuroblast goes through an invariant cell lineage to generate neurons and/or glia. Using molecular lineage markers, I show that (1) each neuroblast forms at a stereotyped time and position; (2) the neuroblast pattern is indistinguishable between thoracic and abdominal segments; (3) the development of individual neuroblasts can be followed throughout early neurogenesis; (4) gene expression in a neuroblast can be reproducibly modulated during its cell lineage; (5) identified ganglion mother cells form at stereotyped times and positions; and (6) the cell lineage of four well-characterized neurons can be traced back to two identified neuroblasts. These results set the stage for investigating neuroblast specification and the mechanisms controlling neuroblast cell lineages.
Synthesis mechanism of carbon microsphere from waste office paper via hydrothermal method (2022)

Carbon microsphere was successfully synthesized from waste office paper via hydrothermal method and high temperature treatment in nitrogen atmosphere. The process of carbon microsphere synthesis from waste office paper fiber using concentrated sulfuric acid was studied, and the influence of H2SO4 concentration and reaction time on the hydrolysis reaction was considered. To investigate the mechanism of conversion of waste office paper to carbon microsphere, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical composition of the supernatant liquid product and the non-carbonized carbon microsphere. The weight loss of the non-carbonized carbon microsphere was assessed through thermogravimetry. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphology. The hydrolysis reaction of waste office paper fiber and synthesis mechanism of carbon microsphere under different conditions were evaluated. The results showed that when the reaction time reached 24 h, the product had uniform particle size and was well dispersed, and the more sulfuric acid present led to the waste office paper fiber being more thoroughly hydrolyzed.
In Situ Wireless Channel Visualization Using Augmented Reality and Ray Tracing (2020)

This article presents a novel methodology for predicting wireless signal propagation using ray-tracing algorithms, and visualizing signal variations in situ by leveraging Augmented Reality (AR) tools. The proposed system performs a special type of spatial mapping, capable of converting a scanned indoor environment to a vector facet model. A ray-tracing algorithm uses the facet model for wireless signal predictions. Finally, an AR application overlays the signal strength predictions on the physical space in the form of holograms. Although some indoor reconstruction models have already been developed, this paper proposes an image to a facet algorithm for indoor reconstruction and compares its performance with existing AR algorithms, such as spatial understanding that are modified to create the required facet models. In addition, the paper orchestrates AR and ray-tracing techniques to provide an in situ network visualization interface. It is shown that the accuracy of the derived facet models is acceptable, and the overall signal predictions are not significantly affected by any potential inaccuracies of the indoor reconstruction. With the expected increase of densely deployed indoor 5G networks, it is believed that these types of AR applications for network visualization will play a key role in the successful planning of 5G networks.
Myosin Light Chain Kinase / Actin Interaction in Phorbol Dibutyrate–Stimulated Smooth Muscle Cells (2011)

Previous work has suggested that in addition to its kinase activity, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) exhibits non-kinase properties within its N-terminus that could influence cytoskeletal organization of smooth muscle cells (A. Nakamura et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;369:135-143). Myosin ATPase activity measurements indicate that the 26-41 peptide of MLCK significantly decreases ATPase activity as the concentration of this peptide increases. Sliding velocity of actin-filaments on myosin and stress responses in skinned smooth muscle tissue are also inhibited. Peptide-mediated uptake and the microinjection technique in cells indicate that the peptide was necessary for actin-filament stabilization. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis indicated that in the presence of MLCK, α-actin but not β-actin remodeled during phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)-induced contractions. PDBu also induced podosomes in the cell. When MLCK expression was down-regulated by introduction of RNAi for MLCK by lentivirus vector into the cells, we failed to observe the podosome induction upon PDBu stimulation. Rescue experiments indicate that the non-kinase activity of MLCK plays an important role in maintaining actin stress fibers and in the PDBu-induced reorganization of actin-filaments in smooth muscle cells.
Design and optimization of a dielectric-gas-based single-phase electrostatic motor (2018)

Electrostatic motor can work as a supplement to the electromagnetic motor due to its simple structure, low cost, light weight, and high efficiency. Increasing the applied voltage under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) condition and using dielectric liquid with high relative permittivity are two approaches to increase its torque and make electrostatic motors competitive with the electromagnetic ones. This paper presents a dielectric-gas-based single-phase electrostatic motor with simplified construction. 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and optimization process of the electrostatic motor is performed and an electrostatic motor with a torque of 0.25 Nm and power of 50 W is designed. 3-D printing is used to build a prototype machine to eliminate the process of mould manufacture and achieve a weight reduction. Predicted capacitance of machine is compared with measured result and good agreement is achieved.
Evaluation of time variation of hydrophobicity of silicone rubber using dynamic contact angle measurement (2002)

Dynamic contact angle measurements based on the Wilhelmy method were performed to evaluate the time variation of hydrophobicity of silicone rubber. The technique can determine both advancing and receding contact angles of a plate sample and evaluate the change of hydrophobicity in a short time. By changing the immersing time of silicone rubber into water, some aspects of overturn and/or re-orientation of polar groups at the surface were observed as a change of the contact angle. Also, the contact angle of silicone rubber was compared with that of fluorinated silicone rubber.
Non-small cell lung cancer stem/progenitor cells are enriched in multiple distinct phenotypic subpopulations and exhibit plasticity (2012)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a population of cancer cells that possess unique self-renewal and differentiation characteristics required for tumorigenesis and are resistant to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Lung CSCs can be enriched by several markers including drug-resistant side population (SP), CD133pos and ALDHhigh. Using human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and patient-derived primary tumor cells, we demonstrate that SP cells represent a subpopulation distinct from other cancer stem/progenitor cell (CS/PC) populations marked by CD133pos or ALDHhigh. The non-CS/PCs and CS/PCs of each subpopulation are interconvertible. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes the formation of CD133pos and ALDHhigh CS/PC subpopulations while suppressing the SP CS/PC subpopulation. Rac1 GTPase activity is significantly increased in cells that have undergone EMT, and targeting Rac1 is effective in inhibiting the dynamic conversion of non-CS/PCs to CS/PCs, as well as the CS/PC activity. These results imply that various subpopulations of CS/PCs and non-CS/PCs may achieve a stochastic equilibrium in a defined microenvironment, and eliminating multiple subpopulations of CS/PCs and effectively blocking non-CS/PC to CS/PC transition, by an approach such as targeting Rac1, can be a more effective therapy.
Infobike Delivering electronic full text to the end-user (1997)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:5188.350(79) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
An <i>In Vivo</i> Mouse Model of Metastatic Human Thyroid Cancer (2013)

Herein we report an in vivo detectable mouse model of metastatic human thyroid cancer that is reliable and reproducible. It will serve as a useful tool in the preclinical testing of alternative systematic therapies for metastatic thyroid cancer, and for functional studies of thyroid cancer tumor biology in vivo.
Analysis and Control of a Three-Phase, Unity Power Factor $Y$-Rectifier (2007)

This paper presents the analysis and operation of a three-phase pulsewidth modulation rectifier system formed by the star-connection of three single-phase boost rectifier modules (Y-rectifier) without a mains neutral point connection. The current forming operation of the Y-rectifier is analyzed and it is shown that the phase current has the same high quality and low ripple as the Vienna rectifier. The isolated star point of Y-rectifier results in a mutual coupling of the individual phase module outputs and has to be considered for control of the module dc link voltages. An analytical expression for the coupling coefficients of the Y-rectifier phase modules is derived. Based on this expression, a control concept with reduced calculation effort is designed and it provides symmetric loading of the phase modules and solves the balancing problem of the dc link voltages. The analysis also provides insight that enables the derivation of a control concept for two phase operation, such as in the case of a mains phase failure. The theoretical and simulated results are proved by experimental analysis on a fully digitally controlled, 5.4-kW prototype.
Extracellular cleavage and shedding of P-cadherin: a mechanism underlying the invasive behaviour of breast cancer cells (2009)

Cell-cell adhesion is an elementary process in normal epithelial cellular architecture. Several studies have shown the role mediated by cadherins in this process, besides their role in the maintenance of cell polarity, differentiation and cell growth. However, during tumour progression, these molecules are frequently altered. In breast cancer, tumours that overexpress P-cadherin usually present a high histological grade, show decreased cell polarity and are associated with worse patient survival. However, little is known about how this protein dictates the very aggressive behaviour of these tumours. To achieve this goal, we set up two breast cancer cell models, where P-cadherin expression was differently modulated and analysed in terms of cell invasion, motility and migration. We show that P-cadherin overexpression, in breast cancer cells with wild-type E-cadherin, promotes cell invasion, motility and migration. Moreover, we found that the overexpression of P-cadherin induces the secretion of matrix metalloproteases, specifically MMP-1 and MMP-2, which then lead to P-cadherin ectodomain cleavage. Further, we showed that soluble P-cadherin fragment is able to induce in vitro invasion of breast cancer cells. Overall, our results contribute to elucidate the mechanism underlying the invasive behaviour of P-cadherin expressing breast tumours.
Systematic evaluation and external validation of 22 prognostic models among hospitalised adults with COVID-19: An observational cohort study (2020)

Abstract Background The number of proposed prognostic models for COVID-19, which aim to predict disease outcomes, is growing rapidly. It is not known whether any are suitable for widespread clinical implementation. We addressed this question by independent and systematic evaluation of their performance among hospitalised COVID-19 cases. Methods We conducted an observational cohort study to assess candidate prognostic models, identified through a living systematic review. We included consecutive adults admitted to a secondary care hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed community-acquired COVID-19 (1 st February to 30 th April 2020). We reconstructed candidate models as per their original descriptions and evaluated performance for their original intended outcomes (clinical deterioration or mortality) and time horizons. We assessed discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and calibration using calibration plots, slopes and calibration-in-the-large. We calculated net benefit compared to the default strategies of treating all and no patients, and against the most discriminating predictor in univariable analyses, based on a limited subset of a priori candidates. Results We tested 22 candidate prognostic models among a cohort of 411 participants, of whom 180 (43.8%) and 115 (28.0%) met the endpoints of clinical deterioration and mortality, respectively. The highest AUROCs were achieved by the NEWS2 score for prediction of deterioration over 24 hours (0.78; 95% CI 0.73-0.83), and a novel model for prediction of deterioration <14 days from admission (0.78; 0.74-0.82). Calibration appeared generally poor for models that used probability outcomes. In univariable analyses, admission oxygen saturation on room air was the strongest predictor of in-hospital deterioration (AUROC 0.76; 0.71-0.81), while age was the strongest predictor of in-hospital mortality (AUROC 0.76; 0.71-0.81). No prognostic model demonstrated consistently higher net benefit than using the most discriminating univariable predictors to stratify treatment, across a range of threshold probabilities. Conclusions Oxygen saturation on room air and patient age are strong predictors of deterioration and mortality among hospitalised adults with COVID-19, respectively. None of the prognostic models evaluated offer incremental value for patient stratification to these univariable predictors.
The Dynamic Behavior of Wages and Prices: Cointegration Tests within a Large Macroeconomic System (2000)

The dynamic relationship between wages and prices has long held a central place within the economic literature. Most macroeconomic models make assumptions as to the causal relationship between the two variables. Unfortunately, empirical investigations have produced widely divergent results. In particular, the present paper examines the results of time-series studies and argues that the lack of a consensus is due to improperly specified models. Once the wage-price relationship is embedded within a multiple vector system, identification of a wage-price cointegrating relationship is significantly improved. In addition, the increased efficiency yields evidence in favor of the dual feedback between wages and prices.
Biodiversity of multiple Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) family: gene cloning and chorionic protein purification in domestic and wild eutherians (Placentalia) – a review (2006)

This review presents a broad overview of chorionic glycoproteins encoded by the Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) gene family and also serves to illustrate how the recent discovery of the PAG family has contributed to our general knowledge of genome evolution, placental transcription and placental protein expression. The complex and large PAG family is restricted to the Artiodactyla order, although single PAG-like genes have also been identified in species outside the Artiodactyla. The PAGs are members of the aspartic proteinase (AP) superfamily. Unexpectedly, however, some members of the PAG family possess amino acid substitutions within and around the active site that likely render them unable to act as proteinases. This paper summarises the available information regarding biodiversity of PAG gene expression based on cDNA cloning, mRNA localisation studies and the structural organisation of the PAG genes with a particular emphasis on PAG promoters. It also compares available data regarding PAG protein purifications, sequencing and their N-glycodiversity. Finally, it discusses the scientific relevance, possible functional roles of the PAGs and describes possible profitable applications related to the detection of PAG proteins in the blood of pregnant domestic and wild species.
Further studies on calf thymus DNA polymerase .delta. purified to homogeneity by a new procedure (1984)

DNA polymerase delta from calf thymus has been purified to apparent homogeneity by a new procedure which utilizes hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose at an early step to separate most of the calcium-dependent protease activity from DNA polymerase delta and alpha. The purified enzyme migrates as a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. The sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme is 7.9 S, and the Stokes radius is 53 A. A molecular weight of 173K has been calculated for the native enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the homogeneous enzyme reveals two polypeptides of 125 and 48 kDa. This subunit structure differs from that of DNA polymerase delta prepared by our previous procedure, which was composed of subunits of 60 and 49 kDa [Lee, M. Y. W. T., Tan, C.-K., Downey , K. M., & So, A. G. (1981) Prog . Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 26, 83-96], suggesting that the 60-kDa polypeptide may have been derived from the 125-kDa polypeptide during enzyme purification, possibly as the result of cleavage of an unusually sensitive peptide bond. DNA polymerase delta is separated from DNA polymerase alpha by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose; DNA polymerase delta is eluted at pH 7.2 and DNA polymerase alpha at pH 8.5. DNA polymerase delta can also be separated from DNA polymerase alpha by chromatography on hydroxylapatite; DNA polymerase alpha binds to hydroxylapatite in the presence of 0.5 M KCl, whereas DNA polymerase delta is eluted at 90 mM KCl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The miRNA expression profile of the uveal melanoma (2011)

The miRNA expression profile was initially established to investigate its corresponding function in human uveal melanoma. The miRNA expression profile in human uveal melanoma was analyzed by a micro chip technique. The hsa-miRNA expression between four uveal melanomas and four normal uveal tissues was compared. Based on the bioinformatic approach, chip data was analyzed to select out differentially expressed candidate hsa-miRNAs. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to confirm the candidate hsa-miRNAs expression in all samples. The results of miRNA microarray chips that matched with RT-PCR were considered as the miRNA expression which was significantly different between normal tissue and uveal melanomas. In four uveal melanomas, expressions of miRNA-20a, miRNA-106a, miRNA-17, miRNA-21, and miRNA-34a were significantly up-regulated, while miRNA-145 and miRNA-204 expression were significantly down-regulated. We used miRNA microarray analysis as a fast, efficient technology to study biological information. The differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in uveal melanoma pathogenesis, and may help promote the diagnosis and treatment for uveal melanoma.
The Evolution and Evaluation of a Whole Blood Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Invasive Aspergillosis in Hematology Patients in a Routine Clinical Setting (2006)

A negative PCR result can be used to rule out IA and to limit the need for empirical antifungal therapy; thus, it has a role in diagnosing IA infections, especially in combination with antigen testing. PCR-positive cases classified as "false positives" regularly reflect the limitations of classic microbiological procedures or restricted use of consensus clinical methods employed to classify infection.
On the Relation between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks (1993)

ABSTRACT We find support for a negative relation between conditional expected monthly return and conditional variance of monthly return, using a GARCH‐M model modified by allowing (1) seasonal patterns in volatility, (2) positive and negative innovations to returns having different impacts on conditional volatility, and (3) nominal interest rates to predict conditional variance. Using the modified GARCH‐M model, we also show that monthly conditional volatility may not be as persistent as was thought. Positive unanticipated returns appear to result in a downward revision of the conditional volatility whereas negative unanticipated returns result in an upward revision of conditional volatility.
How can we Improve the Physical and Social Environment of the School to Promote Student Resilience? Evidence from the Resilient Children and Communities Project in China (2008)

Debate on the relationship between mental health and environment is of long standing. Resilience, as a core aspect of mental health promotion, has been described as the interaction between risk and protective factors present in the environment (Rutter, 1987). Central to the concept is that protective factors — those factors in the individual or the environment that enhance an individual's ability to resist problems and deal with life's stresses — can be fostered and promoted. The paper specifies aspects of the school environment in a holistic, or ecological setting, drawing on a multi-strategy health promotion project in primary schools in Hefei and Nanjing in China. A prospective intervention study design was used to collect data in pre-intervention and post-intervention phases, and to analyse it to establish the effectiveness of the intervention in improving the health-promoting environment in Chinese primary schools. The results indicate a significant intervention effect on the physical and social school environment in primary schools, and these results can be used in forthcoming comprehensive work to improve school mental health and well-being.