gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Facial Analysis: From Bayesian Filtering to Recurrent Neural Network (2017)

Facial analysis in videos, including head pose estimation and facial landmark localization, is key for many applications such as facial animation capture, human activity recognition, and human-computer interaction. In this paper, we propose to use a recurrent neural network (RNN) for joint estimation and tracking of facial features in videos. We are inspired by the fact that the computation performed in an RNN bears resemblance to Bayesian filters, which have been used for tracking in many previous methods for facial analysis from videos. Bayesian filters used in these methods, however, require complicated, problem-specific design and tuning. In contrast, our proposed RNN-based method avoids such tracker-engineering by learning from training data, similar to how a convolutional neural network (CNN) avoids feature-engineering for image classification. As an end-to-end network, the proposed RNN-based method provides a generic and holistic solution for joint estimation and tracking of various types of facial features from consecutive video frames. Extensive experimental results on head pose estimation and facial landmark localization from videos demonstrate that the proposed RNN-based method outperforms frame-wise models and Bayesian filtering. In addition, we create a large-scale synthetic dataset for head pose estimation, with which we achieve state-of-the-art performance on a benchmark dataset.
A low complexity relay selection & power allocation schemes for cognitive MIMO buffer-aided DF relay networks (2016)

In this paper, we consider decode-and-forward (DF) buffer-aided relay selection and transmission power allocation for underlay cognitive radio (CR) network that is equipped with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna scheme. We propose a low complexity MIMO-based relay selection scheme that maximizes the single-hop normalized rate of the secondary network (SN). Also, we propose a sub-optimal antenna transmission power allocation scheme that maximizes the overall normalized sum rate of the primary network (PN) and the SN. We first derive optimal expressions for antenna transmission power of both the PN and the SN. The derived expressions are then used in an iterative algorithm to produce a near-optimum solution that maximizes the normalized sum rat per time slot. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed MIMO-based relay selection and antenna transmission power allocation schemes and compare their performance with that of the optimal scenario. Impact of several system parameters including buffer maximum size, interference threshold and number of antennas on network performance are also investigated. Results reveal that the proposed sub-optimal relay selection and antenna transmission power allocation schemes introduce a satisfactory performance with much lower complexity compared to optimal relay selection and power allocation schemes. Findings also show that using buffer-aided relays significantly enhances the SN performance while slightly weakens the performance of the PN.
Real-Time QoS Over a Third-Generation (3G) Cellular Shared Downlink Channel (2006)

We propose a call (user) admission control (CAC) algorithm and a scheduling framework for real-time services in the third-generation (3G) and beyond cellular systems, where multiple users share a downlink packet channel in each cell. At the user or flow level, the CAC algorithm maximizes user accommodations under the QoS constraint, e.g., per-user expectation of profile rate, and the constraint of location-dependent resource availability. At the packet level, our scheduling framework, named maximum cost deduction (MCD), derives QoS-aware and channel-dependent algorithms (rt-MCD and nrt-MCD), which minimize a delay -derived cost function of backlogged packets at different timescales. The cross-layer designed CAC and MCD algorithms exploit multi-user diversity based on online measured radio resource allocation. Together they provide high system efficiency and balance between flow-level QoS, e.g. aggregate goodput and the blocking rate of newly arrived users, and packet- level QoS, e.g., the packet queueing delay or loss.
IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) (2009)

Phase II clinical trials revealed that the lymphocyte-depleting humanized monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) is highly effective in the treatment of early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, 30% of patients develop autoimmunity months to years after pulsed exposure to alemtuzumab, usually targeting the thyroid gland and, more rarely, blood components. In this study, we show that autoimmunity arose in those patients with greater T cell apoptosis and cell cycling in response to alemtuzumab-induced lymphocyte depletion, a phenomenon that is driven by higher levels of IL-21. Before treatment, patients who went on to develop secondary autoimmunity had more than 2-fold greater levels of serum IL-21 than the nonautoimmune group. We suggest that serum IL-21 may, therefore, serve as a biomarker for the risk of developing autoimmunity months to years after alemtuzumab treatment. This has implications for counseling those patients with multiple sclerosis who are considering lymphocyte-depleting therapy with alemtuzumab. Finally, we demonstrate through genotyping that IL-21 expression is genetically predetermined. We propose that, by driving cycles of T cell expansion and apoptosis to excess, IL-21 increases the stochastic opportunities for T cells to encounter self antigen and, hence, for autoimmunity.
Resonant biaxial 7-mm MEMS mirror for omnidirectional scanning (2013)

Low-cost automotive laser scanners for environment perception are needed to enable the integration of advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) into all automotive vehicle segments, a key to reducing the number of traffic accidents on roads. An omnidirectional 360 degree laser scanning concept has been developed based on combination of an omnidirectional lens and a biaxial large aperture MEMS mirror. This omnidirectional scanning concept is the core of a small sized low-cost time-of-flight based range sensor development. This paper describes concept, design, fabrication and first measurement results of a resonant biaxial 7mm gimbal-less MEMS mirror that is electrostatically actuated by stacked vertical comb drives. Identical frequencies of the two resonant axes are necessary to enable the required circle scanning capability. A tripod suspension was chosen since it allows minimizing the frequency splitting of the two resonant axes. Low mirror curvature is achieved by a thickness of the mirror of more than 500 μm. Hermetic wafer level vacuum packaging of such large mirrors based on multiple wafer bonding has been developed to enable to achieve a large mechanical tilt angle of +/- 6.5 degrees in each axis. The 7mm-MEMS mirror demonstrates large angle circular scanning at 1.5kHz.
Beyond the Drawing Board: Toward More Effective Use of Whiteboard Content (2009)

We developed a system that augments traditional office whiteboards with computation for the purposes of retrieving, reusing, and sharing whiteboard content. Our system automatically captures changes to whiteboard images, detects significant changes, and identifies potential collaborative activities. Users then browse and search the collection of images captured from their camera or shared from other users' cameras based on aspects such as location, time, collaboration, etc. We report on the results of a formative study and on an evaluation of effectiveness of our system, and discuss additional functionality that can be built on our framework.
Screen printed metal matrix composite contacts for crack tolerant solar cells (2016)

Solar cells used in space missions are the primary source for power on board the space vehicle. Space solar cells are becoming thinner for improved performance (W/kg) and are based on single crystalline materials where fracturing or cleaving can easily occur from packaging, deployment and constant temperature cycling in outer space. When the fracture in the semiconductor extends through the solar cell metallization, loss of power will occur and can hinder a mission. A novel semiconductor metallization is being developed that may enable the solar cells to be fully crack tolerant. The material consists of carbon nanotubes impregnated silver metallization, termed metal matrix composite, deposited by screen printing. The carbon nanotubes increase the fracture toughness of the metallization and also offers a redundant electrical path should the metal matrix fracture. In addition to these benefits, the use of screen printing will facilitate lower costs and ease of manufacturability by eliminating the expensive photolithography and evaporation steps used for conventional metallization. The inks that are being developed show promise of electrically bridging cracks and are further being tuned for screen printing processes.
Gene Expression in the Pulp of Ripening Bananas (Two-Dimensional Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of in Vitro Translation Products and cDNA Cloning of 25 Different Ripening-Related mRNAs) (1997)

mRNA was extracted from the pulp and peel of preclimacteric (d 0) bananas (Musa AAA group, cv Grand Nain) and those exposed to ethylene gas for 24 h and stored in air alone for a further 1 (d 2) and 4 d (d 5). Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of in vitro translation products from the pulp and peel of these fruits revealed significant up-regulation of numerous transcripts during ripening. The majority of the changes were initiated by d 2, with the level of these messages increasing during the remainder of the ripening period. Pulp tissue from d 2 was used for the construction of a cDNA library. This library was differentially screened for ripening-related clones using cDNA from d-0 and d-2 pulp by a novel microtiter plate method. In the primary screen 250 up- and down-regulated clones were isolated. Of these, 59 differentially expressed clones were obtained from the secondary screen. All of these cDNAs were partially sequenced and grouped into families after database searches. Twenty-five nonredundant groups of pulp clones were identified. These encoded enzymes were involved in ethylene biosynthesis, respiration, starch metabolism, cell wall degradation, and several other key metabolic events. We describe the analysis of these clones and their possible involvement in ripening.
A Single Pixel Camera Based on White-noise Compressed Sensing (2006)

We design a camera by combining a micromirror-array with a single optical sensor and exploiting compressed sensing based on projections with white-noise basis. A practical image/video camera is developed based on this concept and realized.
Abstract 4568: Anti-tumor effect of an anti-human mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor antibody in mouse models for ovarian cancer: towards a new targeted therapy (2011)

Abstract Often diagnosed at an advanced stage, ovarian cancer is responsible for the highest mortality rate among patients with gynecologic malignancies. Due to the limitations of the current therapeutic approaches, there is a strong need for novel, more efficient, therapies, among which targeted immunotherapy. The monoclonal antibody 12G4 specifically recognizes the human Müllerian Inhibiting Substance type II Receptor (MISRII). Expressed at high levels on most human Granulosa Cell Tumors (GCT) as well as on a majority of human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells, MISRII represents a good target for antibody-based tumor targeting. Characterization of murine antibody 12G4 has been previously reported, in particular epitope mapping and in vitro assays showing that 12G4 binding does not affect MIS interaction with MISRII. In the present study we further assess 12G4 activity in vitro and in vivo. 12G4 was shown to induce 37% and 30% apoptosis in vitro (FACS, DNA fragmentation) on the two MISRII expressing cell lines cov434-MISRII and OVCAR3, respectively. Internalization of the antibody-MISRII complex was also observed in vitro on cov434-MISRII. Using 12G4 antibody we confirmed by immunohistochemistry the expression of the MISRII target in all GTC samples and all but one EOC tissue sections (13/14). Furthermore, we have developed several immunodeficient Nude mouse models of ovarian tumor xenografts expressing human MISRII. In these models the efficacy of 12G4 could be clearly demonstrated with a significant effect on tumor growth. According to our data, MISRII, expressed on a majority of EOCs appears as a good target for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, based on the good efficacy observed in vivo for 12G4, the development of a humanized anti-MISRII antibody, derived from 12G4, has been initiated and represents a new promising targeted therapeutic approach. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4568. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4568
Measurement of Circular Dichroism Spectra without Control of a Phase Modulator using Retardation Domain Analysis (2019)

This study investigated the measurement of circular dichroism (CD) spectra without controlling a phase modulator. In a conventional CD system, the peak retardation of the phase modulator must remain constant over the observed wavelength range. Thus, the phase modulator must be controlled to maintain an appropriate modulation degree at an observed wavelength. In contrast, CD obtained using retardation domain analysis is not affected by peak retardation. Consequently, CD spectra can be measured without control of the phase modulator, which was experimentally demonstrated in this study. Additionally, linear dichroism spectra were obtained using retardation domain analysis.
Mixed-Potential Type Ceramic Sensor for NoX Monitoring (2008)

Ceramatec, Inc. is developing a NOX sensor through a program funded by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to support the implementation of new emission control systems proposed for future diesel engine applications. in order to effectively implement these new emission control systems, a NOX sensor, capable of making real time measurements with fast enough response times, needs to be incorporated into the control system in order to provide the necessary feedback to the control system. Mixed potential type sensors offer the advantages of high-temperature operation and very good sensitivity to low NOX concentrations due to the logarithmic response to NOX concentration. Previously, mixed-potential type NOX sensor technologies have been limited by problems of cross sensitivity with other gas constituents commonly found in diesel exhaust, as well as an inability to provide a meaningful signal in varying NO/NO2 mixtures. A novel sensor system design developed at Ceramatec has overcome many of the problems previously associated with such NOX sensors. Sensors have been fabricated and tested that have the following characteristics: (1) Operation temperature of 500–600°C; (2) excellent sensitivity in NOX levels of 1–1200 ppm; (3) response times as fast as 1–3 seconds; (4) insensitivity to various NO/NO2 ratios in the exhaust stream; (5) very low cross-sensitivity to CO, CO2, H2O and low levels of SO2; (6) ability to operate in oxygen-containing environments with no requirement for a pumping cell. the primary application targeted for the new sensor technology is heavy-duty diesel trucks. Other potential applications include advanced turbines, light-duty trucks, automobiles, heavy farm and construction machinery, off-road vehicles, and power generation as well as applications that utilize natural gas as the combustion fuel.
A TRIAC Dimmable Single-Switch Electronic Ballast With Power Factor Correction and Lamp Power Regulation (2014)

With the global concerns on the issue of how to conserve the limited energy resources, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have been forced in a lot of countries to replace the power-hungry incandescent lamps to reduce the energy cost. However, conventional passive power factor corrected electronic ballasts used in CFLs suffer two major drawbacks: 1) they are unable to achieve close-to-unity power factor and 2) they are unable to provide the same amount of light intensity under fluctuating line voltage. This paper proposed a simple lamp power regulation method for a very high-power factor single-switch electronic ballast, which allows the electronic ballast to maintain almost constant lamp power at its full-power condition for a wide range of the input voltage by controlling the dc-link voltage of the ballast power circuit through duty ratio control. When a TRIAC phase-cut dimmer is used to dim the CFL, the dc-link voltage regulation control loop is deactivated; so that the lamp power decreases accordingly during dimming. The analysis and operating principles of the controller are discussed in this paper. MATLAB, PSIM simulation, and experimental results are provided to highlight the merits of the proposed work.
Evaluating a topographical mapping from speech acoustics to tongue positions (1995)

The continuitymapping algorithm—a procedure for learning to recover the relative positions of the articulators from speech signals—is evaluated using human speech data. The advantage of continuity mapping is that it is an unsupervised algorithm; that is, it can potentially be trained to make a mapping from speech acoustics to speech articulation without articulator measurements. The procedure starts by vector quantizing short windows of a speech signal so that each window is represented (encoded) by a single number. Next, multidimensional scaling is used to map quantization codes that were temporally close in the encoded speech to nearby points in a continuitymap. Since speech sounds produced sufficiently close together in time must have been produced by similar articulator configurations, and speech sounds produced close together in time are close to each other in the continuity map, sounds produced by similar articulator positions should be mapped to similar positions in the continuity map. The data set used for evaluating the continuity mapping algorithm is comprised of simultaneously collected articulator and acoustic measurements made using an electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer on a human subject. Comparisons between measured articulator positions and those recovered using continuity mapping will be presented.
High temperature is essential for preserved human sperm function during the devitrification process (2015)

Sperm vitrification is a cryopreservation method based on high-speed freezing by direct exposure of cells in liquid nitrogen (N2L), thereby avoiding the traditional cooling curves of freezing. The objective of this work was to determine the optimal warming temperature for vitrified human spermatozoa in order to maintain their fertilisation potential. Spermatozoa were cryopreserved by direct plunging into N2L and warmed at different temperatures for 5 and 10 s at 38, 40 and 42 °C. Sperm motility was evaluated by the CASA system and the sperm membrane function by HOST test. It was detected that progressive motility of sperm warmed at 38, 40 and 42 °C was 26.4 ± 8.4%; 56.6 ± 16.3% and 65.4 ± 15%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the temperatures of 38 and 40 °C and 38 and 42 °C (P < 0.05). The plasma membrane function evaluated by HOST test was better preserved at 42 °C (76.3 ± 2.0%) compared to 40 °C (43 ± 2%) and 38 °C (65.6 ± 1.5%). The temperature in the thawing process can affect the motility and plasma membrane integrity and function. The warming at 42 °C for thawed vitrified sperm is the optimum temperature to preserve the sperm physiological parameters.
<title>New concept of phase-change optical recording free from the initialization process</title> (1998)

In general, phase change media have to be initialized prior to recording. Initialization for phase change optical disks involves crystallization of as-deposited amorphous recording films. An initialization-free technology will lead to a low production cost, which is very important for commercializing phase change optical disks. A five-layered phase change optical disk, which has a thin metal layer between the substrate and the lower dielectric layer, has a good overwriting jitter at high linear velocity. We propose to use the higher reflective amorphous state of a five-layered phase change optical disk as the prerecording state without initialization. Our proposed new concept of phase change optical recording has some advantages, such as initialization- free, large signal amplitude of a header field, servo stability and high performance of overwriting jitter. Our proposed disk shows the performance to the 2.6 GBytes digital video disk-random access memory (DVD-RAM) disk.
Axial free-electron laser interaction between an annular electron beam and an axisymmetric TM mode (1995)

Free-electron lasers (FEL's) operating with helical wiggler fields and axial guide fields are subject to orbit instability which causes additional particle loss as saturation is reached, A new type of FEL interaction possible between an annular electron beam and a TM/sub 0m/ mode is described here. This interaction is between the axial electron motion and an RF mode that is radially "wiggled" a in periodically rippled waveguide. The net transverse force integrated over a wiggle period on each of the particles in this type of device can be made to vanish by choosing the proper waveguide radius. The resulting particle orbits are more stable than those in conventional FEL's with helical wiggler fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb double-heterostructure and very-low-threshold QW diode lasers (1992)

Diode lasers emitting between 2 and 5 pm would be useful for applications such as laser radar exploiting atmospheric transmission windows, remote sensing of atmospheric gases, and molecular spectroscopy. Lasers consisting of a GaInAsSb active region and AlGaAsSb confining layers have shown good performance because this structure can provide the high level of electrical and optical confinement necessary for efficient laser operation. In this paper, we describe recent progress in GaInAsSb/ AIGaAsSb diode lasers, including the results obtained for what we believe to be the first such lasers with a QW active region.