gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical system of holographic memory card writing/reading equipment</title> (2000)

We developed a standard credit card-shaped general-purpose data carrier, a reflective Holographic Memory Card (HMC), and the appropriate equipment for its handling. Data recording and retrieval are accomplished by polarisation Fourier holography using a thin layer of photo-anisotropic polymer as the storage material. The data density is about 1 bit/micrometers <SUP>2</SUP>, the maximum storage capacity of the card is around 10 Mbytes assuming a 10 x 10 mm storage area. Data is stored in the form of microholograms, from which 40x40 pieces are recorded on the HMC. The optical system involved performs data writing/reading/erasing and also locates the position of the microholograms. Main components of the optical system are an SLM and CCD for opto-electronic conversion, a frequency-doubled solid-state laser source, a beam shaping system that provides homogeneous illumination of the SLM, an interferometer for hologram construction, special Fourier transforming objectives and a random-phase mask for optimised hologram recording. Our results include conceptual planning, design, fabrication and assembling of the optical system. In the present paper we describe principle of operation including layout of the elements, and explain the operation of the equipment in detail.
CerFix (2011)

We present CerFix, a data cleaning system that finds certain fixes for tuples at the point of data entry, i.e. , fixes that are guaranteed correct. It is based on master data, editing rules and certain regions. Given some attributes of an input tuple that are validated (assured correct), editing rules tell us what other attributes to fix and how to correct them with master data. A certain region is a set of attributes that, if validated, warrant a certain fix for the entire tuple. We demonstrate the following facilities provided by CerFix: (1) a region finder to identify certain regions; (2) a data monitor to find certain fixes for input tuples, by guiding users to validate a minimal number of attributes; and (3) an auditing module to show what attributes are fixed and where the correct values come from.
Evaluation and Identification of Marek's Disease Virus BAC Clones as Standardized Reagents for Research (2017)

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes Marek's disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. Understanding of MDV gene function advanced significantly following the cloning of the MDV genome as either a series of overlapping cosmids or as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), both of which could produce viable MDV. The objectives of this study were to compare multiple virulent MDV BAC clones using the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory's pathotyping assay, and to demonstrate the use of these clones as standardized reagents for a modified pathotyping assay by other laboratories. To date, MDV BAC clones have been produced for at least 10 MDV strains from all three serotypes including several virulent serotype 1 strains. We determined that MDV BAC clones exist for each virulent pathotype, despite the fact that these clones are not always equal in virulence to their corresponding parental strains. One clone from each pathotype was further evaluated in commercial specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and found suitable for use in assays such as best-fit pathotyping, although results were variable based on the source of the SPF birds. The benefits of using BAC clones, which include easy shipping, ability to more easily manipulate, and long-term ability to use at a low passage level, are likely to result in the use of BAC clones as standard reagents for MD research. The use of the defined set of clones should allow side-by-side comparison, allowing researchers to better interpret results produced in different laboratories using different MDV field strains. Furthermore, a modified best-fit pathotyping assay has been proposed using these clones and reduced bird numbers.
QADA-PLUS: A Novel Two-Stage Receiver for Visible Light Positioning (2018)

In this paper, we introduce a new two-stage receiver structure for visible light positioning (VLP) and a particular implementation of the new structure called the QADA-PLUS receiver. By using two sensors, one a photodiode (PD) based sensor and the other an image-based sensor, the new structure exploits the strengths of both technologies while avoiding their weaknesses. The QADA-PLUS uses a quadrant angular diversity aperture receiver (QADA) for the PD-based stage. The QADA has a very compact, planar structure suitable for incorporation in a smartphone or other small device and has been shown to provide good angular diversity in a proof-of-concept laboratory experiment. The QADA is also, unlike typical image sensors, able to reliably demodulate high frequency visible light signals. In this paper extensive simulation results for a range of typical indoor scenarios and realistic parameters show that the QADA has the potential to accurately estimate the polar and incident angle of light transmitted by LED luminaires. The average absolute error in estimation of incident angle was 0.0006° and for polar angle estimation was 0.005°. A limitation of these simulations is that it is assumed that the luminaires can be modelled as point sources and that the dimensions of the QADA are very precisely known. Incorporation of the QADA in the new two-stage QADA-PLUS receiver removes these limitations in two ways - the image-based receiver provides very accurate angle-of-arrival estimates and the use of visible reference points means that the QADA-PLUS is compatible with luminaires of any shape.
ChemInform Abstract: GLYCOLIPIDS AS POTENTIAL IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS (1981)

Abstract Aus der Tri‐O‐acetyl‐thiofucopyranose (I) erhält man mit Bromiden oder Iodiden in Gegenwart von Triethylamin oder 1,5‐Diazabicyclo(5,4,0)undecen‐(5) die Thioether (II), von denen die meisten in ihrer Aktivität mit N‐Acetyl‐muramyl‐L‐alanyl‐D‐isoglutamin vergleichbar sind.
ICONE23-1900 DEVELOPMENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION TECHNIQUE FOR WEDGE ANCHOR BOLTS USING AE SENSOR (2015)

A new non-destructive inspection technique with using acoustic emission (AE) sensor was developed for the purpose of overcoming problems originating in existing hammering test. The new technique enables us to obtain inspection results with no dependence on personal skills of a checker, and to judge the integrity of the bolts based on quantitative measurement results. The investigation of applying the new method to wedge anchor bolts is reported. From experimental results by using this technique, the trend of peak frequency changes obtained from concrete blocks with no crack has a clear tendency to increase with increasing tightening torque. In addition, the peak frequency obtained from the bolt installed in the cracked concrete block decreases compared with one in no-crack concrete block. These results indicate the possibility that both looseness of nut and degradations such as cracking in concrete could be detected by the new technique.
Preclinical Evaluation in Nonhuman Primates of an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody that Mimicks the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (1995)

We have developed and characterized a murine monoclonal antiidiotype (Id) antibody (Ab2), designated 3H1 (IgG1-k) that mimics human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). 3H1 was raised against an anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (mAb) 8019 (Ab1) that recognizes a distinct and specific epitope of the 180,000 MW CEA. 3H1 induced specific anti-CEA immune responses in mice and rabbits. In this preclinical study, cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were immunized with aluminum hydroxide-precipitated 3H1 and tested for the induction of anti-CEA antibodies. Monkeys were injected with 2 mg of 3H1, intracutaneously, four times biweekly. All monkeys developed specific anti-anti-Id (Ab3) responses that were capable of inhibiting binding of the immunizing 3H1 (Ab2) to 8019 (Ab1) and vice versa. Furthermore, immune sera from monkeys contained Ab3 (Abl') antibody that bound to CEA-positive colon carcinoma cell lines but not to CEA-negative MOLT-4 or melanoma cell lines. Also, the Ab3 reacted with purified CEA and competed with Ab1 (8019) for binding to CEA positive LS174-T cells, suggesting that Ab1 and Ab3 may bind to the same epitope. In addition, affinity-purified Ab3 from monkey sera immunoprecipitated the same 180,000 MW CEA as Ab1 8019 and showed an identical pattern as the Ab1 on colon carcinoma specimens by immunoperoxidase staining. The induction of anti-tumor antibodies in monkeys did not cause any apparent side effects. These data suggest that internal image anti-Id can induce tumor-specific humoral immune responses in nonhuman primates and can serve as potential network antigen for triggering active anti-CEA antibodies in colorectal cancer patients.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Peptides (2009)

A crush on sweetness! The coupling of a urethane-protected N-carboxyanhydride of an amino acid with another amino acid derivative under ball-milling conditions gives a protected dipeptide in very high yield (see scheme; PG: protecting group). The reaction takes place in the solid state. The synthesis was applied to the preparation of a tripeptide and the sweetener aspartame, without any organic solvent or purification. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Autogenic-feedback training - A treatment for motion and space sickness (1990)

A training method for preventing the occurrence of motion sickness in humans, called autogenic-feedback training (AFT), is described. AFT is based on a combination of biofeedback and autogenic therapy which involves training physiological self-regulation as an alternative to pharmacological management. AFT was used to reliably increase tolerance to motion-sickness-inducing tests in both men and women ranging in age from 18 to 54 years. The effectiveness of AFT is found to be significantly higher than that of protective adaptation training. Data obtained show that there is no apparent effect from AFT on measures of vestibular perception and no side effects.
Recombinant nucleocapsid-like particles from dengue-2 induce functional serotype-specific cell-mediated immunity in mice (2012)

The interplay of different inflammatory cytokines induced during dengue virus infection plays a role in either protection or increased disease severity. In this sense, vaccine strategies incorporating whole virus are able to elicit both functional and pathological responses. Therefore, an ideal tetravalent vaccine candidate against dengue should be focused on serotype-specific sequences. In the present work, a new formulation of nucleocapsid-like particles (NLPs) obtained from the recombinant dengue-2 capsid protein was evaluated in mice to determine the level of protection against homologous and heterologous viral challenge and to measure the cytotoxicity and cytokine-secretion profiles induced upon heterologous viral stimulation. As a result, a significant protection rate was achieved after challenge with lethal dengue-2 virus, which was dependent on CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. In turn, no protection was observed after heterologous challenge. In accordance, in vitro-stimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with NLPs from the four dengue serotypes showed a serotype-specific response of gamma interferon- and tumour necrosis factor alpha-secreting cells. A similar pattern was detected when spleen cells from dengue-immunized animals were stimulated with the capsid protein. Taking these data together, we can assert that NLPs constitute an attractive vaccine candidate against dengue. They induce a functional immune response mediated by CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells in mice, which is protective against viral challenge. In turn, they are potentially safe due to two important facts: induction of serotype specific cell-mediated immunity and lack of induction of antiviral antibodies. Further studies in non-human primates or humanized mice should be carried out to elucidate the usefulness of the NLPs as a potential vaccine candidate against dengue disease.
Endoscopic Biopsy of Human Olfactory Epithelium as a Source of Progenitor Cells (2005)

Endoscopic biopsy of ONe for obtaining olfactory progenitor cells from living donors is feasible, effective, and safe.
Trimethylamine N‐oxide as a media supplement for cartilage tissue engineering (2012)

Abstract Supplements added to the culture media (e.g., growth factors and dexamethasone) have been successful in improving mechanical and biochemical properties of engineered cartilage towards native values. Trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO), a natural osmolyte found in shark cartilage, is thought to induce protein folding, and counteracts the destabilizing effect of the high concentrations of urea stored by sharks. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of TMAO as a media supplement for promoting growth of functional engineered cartilage in culture. In the first study, TMAO was added to the culture media for the first 14 days in culture and concentrations of 0–200 mM were evaluated. In the second study, TMAO was supplemented to the culture media following chondroitinase ABC digestion, which has been previously shown to mediate an increased collagen content in engineered cartilage. A dose‐dependent response was observed with improved mechanical and biochemical properties for engineered constructs cultured with TMAO at concentrations of 5–100 mM. The Young's modulus of digested constructs cultured in TMAO was 2× greater than digested constructs cultured in the control medium and recovered to undigested control levels by day 42. In conclusion, these initial studies with TMAO as a media supplement show promise for improving the compressive mechanical properties, increasing extracellular matrix production, and increasing the recovery time following chABC digestion. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1898–1905, 2012
B-rep Matching for Collaborating Across CAD Systems (2023)

Large Computer-Aided Design (CAD) projects usually require collaboration across many different CAD systems as well as applications that interoperate with them for manufacturing, visualization, or simulation. A fundamental barrier to such collaborations is the ability to refer to parts of the geometry (such as a specific face) robustly under geometric and/or topological changes to the model. Persistent referencing schemes are a fundamental aspect of most CAD tools, but models that are shared across systems cannot generally make use of these internal referencing mechanisms, creating a challenge for collaboration. In this work, we address this issue by developing a novel learning-based algorithm that can automatically find correspondences between two CAD models using the standard representation used for sharing models across CAD systems: the Boundary-Representation (B-rep). Because our method works directly on B-reps it can be generalized across different CAD applications enabling collaboration.
In Vivo Assessment of Novel Stentless Valve in the Mitral Position (2015)

In our preliminary study, the SMV demonstrated excellent diastolic inflow dynamics and closing function in vivo. Preoperative precise assessment of MV configuration may serve as a basis for selection of appropriate ring size and SMV-leg length.
Treating brain tumor-initiating cells using a combination of myxoma virus and rapamycin (2013)

Our study suggests that MYXV in combination with rapamycin infects and kills both the BTICs and the differentiated compartments of GBM and may be an effective treatment even in TMZ-resistant patients.
Characterization and significance of localized sources identified by a novel automated algorithm during mapping of human persistent atrial fibrillation (2018)

An automated algorithm had high sensitivity for FA and RoA. Acute AF termination was associated with FA ablation but not RoA ablation. Future studies need to define the significance of FA and RoA and whether they are overlapping or separate mechanisms.
One- and Two-dimensional Native PAGE Activity Gel Analyses of Maize Endosperm Proteins Reveal Functional Interactions between Specific Starch Metabolizing Enzymes (2003)

Starch metabolizing enzyme isoforms are known to exhibit functional interactions. This research employed one and twodimensional starch zymograms to investigate pleiotropic enzymatic effects in starch branching enzyme (BE) and debranching enzyme (DBE) mutants of maize. Activity bands are shown to correspond with specific gene products by immunoblot analysis or biochemical assay. Multiple migratory forms are observed for BEI and BEIIa, and a single form for BEIIb. SU1 isoamylase-type DBE migrates as three distinct forms and ZPU1 pullulanase-type DBE as a single form. For each BE and DBE, a genetic null mutation conditions complete loss of all forms of the respective enzyme. The BE mutation amylose-extender also results in loss of two BEI migration forms, and the sul-starchy and zpul-204 DBE mutations result in a loss of BEIIa activity. In both DBE mutants, BEIIa is of normal abundance and size, indicating the effect is posttranslational and directly impacts enzyme function. Zymogram analysis of the uncharacterized opaque5 (o5) mutant shows o5 endosperm is deficient in β-amylase activity, providing insight into a biochemical defect resulting from the mutation. Finally, a novel enzyme activity identified in starch zymograms was characterized and found to be a glucan hydrolase of the β-amylase type. This research demonstrates that activity gel analysis is an effective approach for uncovering pleiotropic enzymatic effects that might not be discovered using RNA microarray or proteomics technologies, and indicates that some mutational effects on starch metabolizing enzymes are likely due to altered protein complex associations.
Plant RelA/SpoT Homolog Confers Salt Tolerance in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

To analyze the mechanisms of salt tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda japonica, Escherichia coli was used as a host organism to undertake functional screening of cDNAs encoding proteins that may play an important role for the salt-tolerance mechanisms. A transformant expressing RelA/SpoT homolog (Sj-RSH) was found to have enhanced salt tolerance. In E. coli, RelA/SpoT controlled the amount of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp), which are the effectors of the bacterial stringent response. Complementation analysis using the relA mutant of E. coli showed that Sj-RSH conferred the phenotype associated with (p)ppGpp synthesis. Furthermore, expression of Sj-RSH driven by the GAL1 promoter also gave rise to enhanced salt tolerance in yeast. Northern blot analyses of the yeast transformant revealed that the transcriptional levels of stress responsive genes including GPD1, VMA6, BMH1, HYP1 and HOG1 were clearly enhanced in the Sj-RSH transformant when compared with an empty vector transformant under stress-free and 1.5 M NaCl stress conditions. These results suggest that (p)ppGpp synthesis mediated by plant RelA/SpoT homologs plays a critical role for the transcriptional induction of several stress responsive genes, directly or indirectly in yeast, and that the conserved stress-resistance system may exist in higher plants.
<title>Methods for increasing viewing zone of a transmission-type holographic screen</title> (2001)

The full color transmission type holographic screen for 3D image projection has a vertical direction viewing zone size of 6.5 cm. This size is too small for viewers to watch images with comfort. To increase the vertical size of the viewing zone, a vertical diffuser with an optimized scattering angle and a diffraction grating with vertical dispersion are recorded and used together with the screen. With attaching the diffuser or the grating to the screen, the vertical size of the viewing zone is increased up to 5 times with little degrading in image quality. Recording the grating and the screen on a single photo plate by exposing once is also possible. The screen performance is examined with a holographic screen with size of 60 by 80 cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
A novel approach to in vivo mitral valve stress analysis (2010)

Three-dimensional (3-D) echocardiography allows the generation of anatomically correct and time-resolved geometric mitral valve (MV) models. However, as imaged in vivo, the MV assumes its systolic geometric configuration only when loaded. Customarily, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to predict material stress and strain fields rendered by applying a load on an initially unloaded model. Therefore, this study endeavors to provide a framework for the application of in vivo MV geometry and FEA to MV physiology, pathophysiology, and surgical repair. We hypothesize that in vivo MV geometry can be reasonably used as a surrogate for the unloaded valve in computational (FEA) simulations, yielding reasonable and meaningful stress and strain magnitudes and distributions. Three experiments were undertaken to demonstrate that the MV leaflets are relatively nondeformed during systolic loading: 1) leaflet strain in vivo was measured using sonomicrometry in an ovine model, 2) hybrid models of normal human MVs as constructed using transesophageal real-time 3-D echocardiography (rt-3DE) were repeatedly loaded using FEA, and 3) serial rt-3DE images of normal human MVs were used to construct models at end diastole and end isovolumic contraction to detect any deformation during isovolumic contraction. The average linear strain associated with isovolumic contraction was 0.02 ± 0.01, measured in vivo with sonomicrometry. Repeated loading of the hybrid normal human MV demonstrated little change in stress or geometry: peak von Mises stress changed by <4% at all locations on the anterior and posterior leaflets. Finally, the in vivo human MV deformed minimally during isovolumic contraction, as measured by the mean absolute difference calculated over the surfaces of both leaflets between serial MV models: 0.53 ± 0.19 mm. FEA modeling of MV models derived from in vivo high-resolution truly 3-D imaging is reasonable and useful for stress prediction in MV pathologies and repairs.
<title>Extended microwave-to-optical transformation (MOT) method for electric field analysis of microwave circuits and components</title> (1999)

The Microwave-to-Optical Transformation (MOT) method, reported previously, makes use of an optical thin film filter design took known as the Optical Admittance Diagram, the characteristic matrix and the quarter wave rule. Stripline elements are re-configured and modeled as sequential quarter wave optically thin film layers. The previous work was qualitative and mainly focused on the intuitively useful analysis that the MOT method offers the microwave engineer. A more rigorous formalism shall be presented in this paper which allows the computation of E- Field, both amplitude and phase. In addition, new graphical techniques that provide the designer further insight will accompany the E-field analysis. This is a novel extension of the previous work. Microwave and optical computing circuits and components that span a vast wavelength range may be adaptable to this technique depending on their specific utilization. This paper will first develop an extension of the MOT method for electric field strength characterization. Secondly, this technique will be applied to the Wilkinson Power Divider used in the previous work. Use of this already MOT-characterized stripline component will validate the utility of this technique by also analyzing the electric field through the same simple microwave circuit. Finally, this technique will be applied to the design of a co-planar waveguide transition component used for launching power to a Field Emitter Array.