gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single chip VLSI Reed-Solomon decoder (1986)

A new VLSI design of a pipeline Reed-Solomon decoder is presented. The transform decoding technique used in a previous design is replaced by a time domain algorithm. A new architecture that implements such an algorithm permits efficient pipeline processing with minimum circuitry. A systolic array is also developed to perform erasure corrections in the new design. A modified form of Euclid's algorithm is implemented by a new architecture that maintains the throughput rate with less circuitry. Such improvements result in both enhanced capability and a significant reduction in silicon area, therefore making it possible to build a pipeline (31,15)RS decoder on a single VLSI chip.
β-d-Xylosidase From Selenomonas ruminantium of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 43 (2007)

β-d-Xylosidase from the ruminal anaerobic bacterium, Selenomonas ruminantium (SXA), catalyzes hydrolysis of β-1,4-xylooligosacharides and has potential utility in saccharification processes. The enzyme, heterologously produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, has an isoelectric point of approx 4.4, an intact N terminus, and a Stokes radius that defines a homotetramer. SXA denatures between pH 4.0 and 4.3 at 25°C and between 50 and 60°C at pH 5.3 Following heat or acid treatment, partially inactivated SXA exhibits lower k cat values, but similar K m values as untreated SXA. d-Glucose and d-xylose protect SXA from inactivation at high temperature and low pH.
Learning Furniture Compatibility with Graph Neural Networks (2020)

We propose a graph neural network (GNN) approach to the problem of predicting the stylistic compatibility of a set of furniture items from images. While most existing results are based on siamese networks which evaluate pairwise compatibility between items, the proposed GNN architecture exploits relational information among groups of items. We present two GNN models, both of which comprise a deep CNN that extracts a feature representation for each image, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network that models interactions between the furniture items in a set, and an aggregation function that calculates the compatibility score. In the first model, a generalized contrastive loss function that promotes the generation of clustered embeddings for items belonging to the same furniture set is introduced. Also, in the first model, the edge function between nodes in the GRU and the aggregation function are fixed in order to limit model complexity and allow training on smaller datasets; in the second model, the edge function and aggregation function are learned directly from the data. We demonstrate state-of-the art accuracy for compatibility prediction and "fill in the blank" tasks on the Bonn and Singapore furniture datasets. We further introduce a new dataset, called the Target Furniture Collections dataset, which contains over 6000 furniture items that have been hand-curated by stylists to make up 1632 compatible sets. We also demonstrate superior prediction accuracy on this dataset.
Prestack Rank-Reduction-Based Noise Suppression: Theory (2009)

Summary Prestack random-noise suppression is an important but inadequately solved problem in land seismic processing. Two previously described techniques - eigenimage and Cadzow filtering both use matrix-rank reduction on constantfrequency slices. These can be combined into a novel hybrid method with properties from both, forming a general class of noise suppressors that is powerful, versatile, and can be applied in any number of spatial dimensions. A companion paper in this conference shows how to apply these techniques to prestack data and gives examples.
Volatile Aldehydes Are Promising Broad-Spectrum Postharvest Insecticides (2000)

A variety of naturally occurring aldehydes common in plants have been evaluated for their insecticidal activity and for phytotoxicity to postharvest fruits, vegetables, and grains. Twenty-nine compounds were initially screened for their activity against aphids on fava bean leaf disks. Application under reduced pressure (partial vacuum) for the first quarter of fumigation increased insecticidal activity severalfold. The 11 best aldehydes were assayed against aphids placed under the third leaf of whole heads of iceberg lettuce using the same two-tier reduced-pressure regime, which caused no additional detriment to the commodity over fumigation at atmospheric pressure. Phytotoxicity to naked and wrapped iceburg lettuce, green and red table grapes, lemon, grapefruit, orange, broccoli, avocado, cabbage, pinto bean, and rice at doses that killed 100% of aphids was recorded for three promising fumigants: propanal, (E)-2-pentenal, and 2-methyl-(E)-2-butenal. These three compounds have excellent potential as affordable postharvest insect control agents, killing 100% of the aphids with little or no detectable harm to a majority of the commodities tested. Preliminary assays indicate that similar doses are also effective against mealybugs, thrips, and whitefly.
On Aluminium Galvanic Anodes (First Report) (1974)

The principal object of this investigation is to develop a galvanic anode which has a high current efficiency. Zinc, tin, bismuth and gallium were added to 99.84% purity aluminium and the alloys were tested in artificial sea water at 1.0mA/cm2 for 240hrs. Results were as follows. 1) The addition of zinc, tin and gallium to the aluminium shifted the potential in the less noble direction, and that of bismuth shifted in the noble direction. The addition of zinc, tin and gallium to the aluminium caused a decline in current efficiency, and that of bismuth did not. 2) The addition of tin and gallium to Al-5% Zn alloy shifted the potential in the less noble direction, and that of bismuth did not. The addition of tin, gallium and bismuth to Al-5% Zn alloy stabilized the current efficiency. 3) When the additions of zinc, tin, bismuth and gallium were 3.0-10%, 0.07-1.0%, 0.1% and 0.005-0.03% respectively, the galvanic characteristics of Al-Zn-Sn-Bi-Ga alloys were best. Zinc, tin and gallium were effective in improvement of anode potential and bismuth was effective only in current efficiency. 4) The Al-6% Zn-0.1% Sn-0.1% Bi-0.01% Ga alloy showed stable values of about 95% in current efficiency and of -1.05—-1.07 (V vs. SCE) in potential within the range of anode current density 0.05-10mA/cm2. 5) It seems that in aluminium galvanic anodes containing zinc, tin, bismuth and gallium, self-corrosion at grain boundaries caused the decline in current efficiency.
Continuous-Time Pipelined Analog-to-Digital Converters: A Mini-Tutorial (2021)

The continuous-time pipelined(CTP) ADC is an emerging analog-to-digital converter that combines anti-alias filtering and quantization in a single unit. It presents a resistive input impedance making it easy to drive, and places relaxed requirements on amplifiers used in the ADC. The CTP ADC attempts to address many of the challenges of discrete-time pipelined analog-to-digital conversion. This brief is a first-principles introduction to this recent architecture.
Transient gain control in EDFA's by dual-cavity optical automatic gain control (1999)

We report a novel method for automatic gain control of optical amplifiers: dual-cavity optical automatic gain control. The method exploits inhomogeneous broadening in erbium-doped fibers to clamp the erbium gain spectrum with two oscillating lasers. The technique significantly reduces surviving channel steady-state and transient power excursions by automatic reduction of relaxation oscillations and spectral hole burning.
Effects of off-state alignment in polymer dispersed liquid crystals (1989)

Abstract Partial off-state alignment of the liquid crystal in polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) droplets was obtained by the application of electric or magnetic fields during their formation. Photopolymerization was used to induce phase separation of the liquid droplets from monomer/liquid crystal solutions. Substantial director directionality was retained in these PDLC films after removal of the fields used during their formation. This alignment affected both the off-state and the on-state electro-optic properties of the films. Transverse electrical fields (5 to 60 V across a 15 μm thickness) applied during PDLC formation from a solution of E7 (BDH Ltd) in a monomer resulted in PDLC films with progressively lower off-state scattering and lower threshold voltage. Strong longitudinal magnetic fields (9 to 14 T) applied during PDLC formation with these materials resulted in strong polarization effects in the light scattering off-state. In the infrared region, where there is less light scattering than in the visible region, the longitudinally aligned films shows tunable birefringent electro-optic effects while retaining the fast time response characteristics of PDLC films with small droplet sizes.
Inference of the human polyadenylation code (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Design, fabrication, and experiments of an electromagnetic actuator for flapping wing micro air vehicles (2013)

The design and construction of a 2.6 gram electromagnetic actuator operated at resonance is presented. This design is based on wedge-shaped electromagnetic coil generating a driving torque on a rotor embedded with permanent magnets. Additional permanent magnets are used to create a virtual spring effect, supply a restoring torque to the rotor and adding nonlinear system stiffness. Flapping wing parameters were varied systematically to generate 16 unique wing profiles, from which wings were fabricated. Independent bench tests for the coil and spring magnets were used to modify analytical models of the actuator, derived in detail in a parallel study. Based on the equations of motion, estimates for the primary mode of resonance and the peak-peak stroke amplitude were determined using an approximate solution. Frequency response tests were conducted on the flapper using the set of test wings at varying supply voltages and spring configurations to verify the predicted resonate frequencies and amplitudes. Wing kinematics and mean lift measurements were performed for the flapper operating at resonance, producing a lift-to-weight ratio for the actuator of over one at 24V.
Discovery and Development of Olefin Disproportionation (Metathesis) (1983)

Heterogeneous catalyst studies and factors that contributed to the discovery of the olefin disproportionation (metathesis) reaction are described. Also provided is a personal commentary on the developments of heterogeneous catalyst technology associated with this intriguing reaction and its commercialization.
Truncated (N)-Methanocarba Nucleosides as Partial Agonists at Mouse and Human A<sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptors: Affinity Enhancement by <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(2-Phenylethyl) Substitution (2020)

Dopamine-derived <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-substituents, compared to <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(2-phenylethyl), in truncated (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) adenosines favored high A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor (AR) affinity/selectivity, e.g., C2-phenylethynyl analogue <b>15</b> (MRS7591, <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 10.9/17.8 nM, at human/mouse A<sub>3</sub>AR). <b>15</b> was a partial agonist in vitro (hA<sub>3</sub>AR, cAMP inhibition, 31% <i>E</i><sub>max</sub>; mA<sub>3</sub>AR, [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding, 16% <i>E</i><sub>max</sub>) and in vivo and also antagonized hA<sub>3</sub>AR in vitro. Distal H-bonding substitutions of the <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(2-phenylethyl) moiety particularly enhanced mA<sub>3</sub>AR affinity by polar interactions with the extracellular loops, predicted using docking and molecular dynamics simulation with newly constructed mA<sub>3</sub>AR and hA<sub>3</sub>AR homology models. These hybrid models were based on an inactive antagonist-bound hA<sub>1</sub>AR structure for the upper part of TM2 and an agonist-bound hA<sub>2A</sub>AR structure for the remaining TM portions. These species-independent A<sub>3</sub>AR-selective nucleosides are low efficacy partial agonists and novel, nuanced modulators of the A<sub>3</sub>AR, a drug target of growing interest.
A New Type of Radiation Curable Polyester. (1996)

Hyperbranched polymers differ from classical oligomers and polymers by their structural symmetry, high degree of branching and maximized terminal functionality density. The divergent synthesis of a series of polydisperse hyperbranched polyesters based upon pentaerythritol and 1, 2, 4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride, modified by glycidyl methacrylate and methacrylic anhydride is described, proceeding in a stepwise growth manner starting from an "initiator core", building hyperbranched arms. These materials have about 8, 12 or 16 methacrylate double bonds at the chain extremities on each molecule. The resulting hyperbranched methacrylated polyester resins are expected to have high photocure rate than linear unsaturated polyester by addition of photoinitiator and comonomer.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Family of Tunable Indolylphosphine Ligands by One‐Pot Assembly and Their Applications in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>T</i><sub>2</sub>* MR relaxometry and ligament volume are associated with the structural properties of the healing ACL (2013)

Our objective was to develop a non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR) method to predict the structural properties of a healing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using volume and T2 * relaxation time. We also compared our T2 *-based structural property prediction model to a previous model utilizing signal intensity, an acquisition-dependent variable. Surgical ACL transection followed by no treatment (i.e., natural healing) or bio-enhanced ACL repair was performed in a porcine model. After 52 weeks of healing, high-resolution MR images of the ACL tissue were collected. From these images, ligament volumes and T2 * maps were established. The structural properties of the ligaments were determined via tensile testing. Using the T2 * histogram profile, each ligament voxel was binned based on its T2 * value into four discrete tissue sub-volumes defined by specific T2 * intervals. The linear combination of the ligament sub-volumes binned by T2 * value significantly predicted maximum load, yield load, and linear stiffness (R(2) = 0.92, 0.82, 0.88; p < 0.001) and were similar to the previous signal intensity based method. In conclusion, the T2 * technique offers a highly predictive methodology that is a first step towards the development of a method that can be used to assess ligament healing across scanners, studies, and institutions.
An intracellular nanobody targeting T4SS effector inhibits <i>Ehrlichia</i> infection (2021)

Infection with obligatory intracellular bacteria is difficult to treat, as intracellular targets and delivery methods of therapeutics are not well known. <i>Ehrlichia</i> translocated factor-1 (Etf-1), a type IV secretion system (T4SS) effector, is a primary virulence factor for an obligatory intracellular bacterium, <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> In this study, we developed Etf-1-specific nanobodies (Nbs) by immunizing a llama to determine if intracellular Nbs block Etf-1 functions and <i>Ehrlichia</i> infection. Of 24 distinct anti-Etf-1 Nbs, NbD7 blocked mitochondrial localization of Etf-1-GFP in cotransfected cells. NbD7 and control Nb (NbD3) bound to different regions of Etf-1. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that the NbD7 and Etf-1 complex was more stable than the NbD3 and Etf-1 complex. Intracellular expression of NbD7 inhibited three activities of Etf-1 and <i>E. chaffeensis</i>: up-regulation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of cellular apoptosis. Consequently, intracellular NbD7 inhibited <i>Ehrlichia</i> infection, whereas NbD3 did not. To safely and effectively deliver Nbs into the host cell cytoplasm, NbD7 was conjugated to cyclized cell-permeable peptide 12 (CPP12-NbD7). CPP12-NbD7 effectively entered mammalian cells and abrogated the blockade of cellular apoptosis caused by <i>E. chaffeensis</i> and inhibited infection by <i>E. chaffeensis</i> in cell culture and in a severe combined-immunodeficiency mouse model. Our results demonstrate the development of an Nb that interferes with T4SS effector functions and intracellular pathogen infection, along with an intracellular delivery method for this Nb. This strategy should overcome current barriers to advance mechanistic research and develop therapies complementary or alternative to the current broad-spectrum antibiotic.
<title>Acoustic counter-sniper system</title> (1997)

BBN has developed, tested, and fielded pre-production versions of a versatile acoustics-based counter-sniper system. This system was developed by BBN for the DARPA Tactical Technology Office to provide a low cost and accurate sniper detection and localization system. The system uses observations of the shock wave from supersonic bullets to estimate the bullet trajectory, Mach number, and caliber. If muzzle blast observations are also available from unsilenced weapons, the exact sniper location along the trajectory is also estimated. A newly developed and very accurate model of the bullet ballistics and acoustic radiation is used which includes bullet deceleration. This allows the use of very flexible acoustic sensor types and placements, since the system can model the bullet's flight, and hence the acoustic observations, over a wide area very accurately. System sensor configurations can be as simple as two small four element tetrahedral microphone arrays on either side of the area to be protected, or six omnidirectional microphones spread over the area to be monitored. Increased performance can be obtained by expanding the sensor field in size or density, and the system software is easily reconfigured to accommodate this at deployment time. Sensor nodes can be added using wireless network telemetry or hardwired cables to the command node processing and display computer. The system has been field tested in three government sponsored tests in both rural and simulated urban environments at the Camp Pendleton MOUT facility. Performance was characterized during these tests for various shot geometries and bullet speeds and calibers.
The Design of a Zoom Stand Magnifier—A New Low Vision Device (1994)

A new stand magnifier has been designed for low vision patients and developed into a working instrument. This zoom magnifier has two ergonomic advantages over the currently available single lens magnifiers: it stays in focus (zooms) as the power is changed and it has a longer working space to allow both reading and writing with the same magnifier. This two-lens zoom magnifier contains a stationary plus lens and a movable minus lens. Using a symmetry condition, first order equations are presented and solved for the two lens powers. A family of three zoom magnifiers was designed--low, medium, and high power--each with a conveniently positioned sharp image with a 2-fold range of power and magnification. The equivalent viewing powers of the units (for a +2.50 D add) range from 6 to 23 D. The working spaces are approximately double that of comparable power single lens stand magnifiers.
Flexible design of Multi-Kernel Polar Codes by reliability and distance properties (2018)

This paper proposes a new polar code construction for multi-kernel polar codes by design of the frozen set. The new design allows to trade reliabilities of the input bits against distance properties of the code, and thus to trim the polar code to successive-cancellation list decoding. Though the benefits are pronounced for multi-kernel polar codes, the principle is also applicable to Arikan polar codes or other polar codes. We motivate the new design principle, provide a low-complexity design algorithm, and demonstrate the performance advantages by numerical examples.
Use of Temperature-Sensitive and Cold-Adapted Mutant Viroses in Immunoprophylaxis of Acute Respiratory Tract Disease (1980)

Efforts currently are underway to develop mutations in the influenza A viral genome that will bring about a satisfactory level of attenuation and that can be identified by simple in vitro techniques. Two types of donor viruses that bear such mutations are being evaluated. One donor virus possesses temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations on the P1 and P3 genes, while the other donor bears both ts and cold-adaptation (ca) mutations. The mutant genes from these donors were transferred by gene reassortment to recombinant viruses bearing the surface antigens of new epidemic or pandemic viruses, and in every instance a satisfactory level of attenuation was achieved. However, genetic instability remains a formidable problem. Temperature-sensitive mutants of respiratory syncytial virus also have been evaluated for their usefulness in immunoprophylaxis of respiratory tract disease. Although the desired mutant has not been identified, some progress has been made.
A novel microwave technique for detection of superconductivity (1988)

A new technique for detection of superconductivity which is based upon microwave resistivity is described. This method is similar in both its implementation and execution to the technique of electron-spin resonance, and, as a consequence, exhibits high sensitivity. An additional benefit of this method is the fact that metal-insulator phase transitions of materials are recorded only if they have a magnetic field dependence.
An enhanced coding strategy for FTN-OFDM/OQAM transceiver design (2017)

In this paper, we consider a transmission scheme combining precoded Faster-Than-Nyquist signaling (FTN) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OFDM/OQAM). The precoding method, named Sparse Interference Pre-Cancellation (SIPC), aims at reducing the interference introduced by FTN signaling at the transmitter side. In order to further improve the receiver performance, we propose additional enhancements to the channel encoder, notably, the bit-to-symbol mapping and symbol to time-frequency-positions mapping. Via simulations, we show that the proposed modifications improve the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of the considered transceiver.
Identifying ground fault location in High Resistance Grounded systems using Adjustable Speed Drive (2011)

One of the more difficult problems to solve in industrial plant is to locate and eliminate a ground fault in High Resistance Ground (HRG) system. This is because a ground fault conditions in these systems do not draw enough current to reliably trigger fault current sensors in the drive. This paper developed an approach to identify the ground fault location in HRG systems using voltage sensing, rather than current sensing techniques, inside an Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD). The approach consists of a simple analog circuit and digital signal processing technique to detect a fault condition, as well as to identify the fault location, be it on the load motor side, inside the ASD, or AC line side. The use of this ground fault identification method is also extended and discussed for application to multiple drive lineups.
A study of temperature characteristics for rectangular GT‐cut quartz crystal resonators (1986)

Abstract This paper describes the frequency temperature characteristics of a rectangular GT‐cut quartz crystal resonator. First a secular equation is derived from a stress distribution obtained by a thin plate equation and a probe method. From the secular equation, a relationship between resonant frequency, frequency temperature coefficients and cut angle is shown, a dimensional ratio is calculated, and frequency temperature characteristics of the rectangular GT‐cut quartz crystal resonator are clarified. Finally, it is confirmed that the obtained results agree well with the experimental results obtained by Mason and Nakazawa.