gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of the platelet surface glycoprotein Ib-IX complex in whole blood stimulated by thrombin, adenosine diphosphate, or an in vivo wound [see comments] (1991)

In washed platelet systems, thrombin has been demonstrated to downregulate the platelet surface expression of glycoprotein (GP) Ib and GPIX. In the present study, we addressed the question as to whether, in the more physiologic milieu of whole blood, downregulation of platelet surface GPIb and GPIX can be induced by thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and/or by an in vivo wound. Thrombin-induced downregulation of GPIb and GPIX on the surface of individual platelets in whole blood was demonstrated by the use of flow cytometry, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and, to inhibit fibrin polymerization, the peptide glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline. Platelets were identified in whole blood by a GPIV-specific MoAb and exclusion of monocytes by light scattering properties. Flow cytometric analysis of whole blood emerging from a standardized bleeding-time wound established that downregulation of platelet surface GPIb and GPIX can occur in vivo. A GPIb-IX complex-specific antibody indicated that the GPIb and GPIX remaining on the surface of platelets activated in vivo or in vitro were fully complexed. Simultaneous analysis of individual platelets by two fluorophores demonstrated that thrombin-induced platelet surface exposure of GMP-140 (degranulation) was nearly complete at the time that downregulation of platelet surface GPIb-IX was initiated. However, degranulation was not a prerequisite because ADP downregulated platelet surface GPIb-IX without exposing GMP-140 on the platelet surface. Inhibitory effects of cytochalasins demonstrated that the activation-induced downregulation of both GPIX and GPIb are dependent on actin polymerization. In summary, downregulation of the platelet surface GPIb-IX complex occurs in whole blood stimulated by thrombin, ADP, or an in vivo wound, and is independent of alpha granule secretion.
Peak power fluctuations in optical pulse compression (1988)

The effects of fluctuations in input intensity and pulsewidth on the output pulse of an optical pulse compressor are investigated. The performance of the fiber grating pulse compressor is modeled in the absence of group velocity dispersion. This model is verified by comparison to experimental results obtained with a compressed, continuous-wave, mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. An optimized servosystem is designed for the pulse-compressed laser system which results in as much as 50-dB noise reduction at low frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reading checks with multilayer graph transformer networks (2002)

We propose a new machine learning paradigm called multilayer graph transformer network that extends the applicability of gradient-based learning algorithms to systems composed of modules that take graphs as input and produce graphs as output. A complete check reading system based on this concept is described. The system combines convolutional neural network character recognizers with graph-based stochastic models trained cooperatively at the document level. It is deployed commercially and reads million of business and personal checks per month with record accuracy.
Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub>on Graphene for Supercapacitors (2012)

A nano-scaled coating of titanium oxide (TiO2) on graphene (G) has been achieved via a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. As a potential supercapacitor material, the TiO2-G composites exhibited a capacity of 75 F/g and 84 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s for composites grown using 50 and 100 ALD cycles, respectively. The nearly identical Nyquist plots of the TiO2-G composites compared with those of pure graphene demonstrated that the composites possess excellent conductivity for charge transfer and open structures for ion diffusion. In addition, even with 3-4 times additional mass loading (maximum 3.22 mg/cm2), the composites exhibit no obvious degradation with respect to the electrochemical performance. This ALD approach presents a promising route to synthesize advanced graphene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications.
The synthesis, characterization, evaluation, and processing of selected cyclo‐olefin sulfone copolymers as electron beam resists (1977)

Abstract The potential usefulness of electron beam sensitive polymers depends to a large extent on a variety of polymer characteristics such as solubility, sensitivity, and processability which are, in turn, required by the application. This paper details results obtained for methylcyclopentene sulfone copolymers as electron beam recording media. The determination of physical properties and the optimization of processing conditions are reported.
Advanced electrostatic enhancement of fabric filtration (1985)

The paper discusses laboratory and pilot-plant studies of a modification of the U.S. EPA's Electrically Stimulated Fabric Filtration (ESFF) method in which corona voltage on a center-wire electrode replaces the subcorona electrodes at the bag surface. The electric field which affects enhancement results from the high potential maintained on the center wire. The mechanism that supports the observed increase in gas flow consistent with the theoretical model involves the nonuniform deposition of the charged dust as a result of forces exerted on the particles in the electric field perpendicular to the bag. Laboratory results show an extremely low rate of pressure drop increase during the filtration cycle, only 10-30% of the rate associated with conventional reverse-air fabric filtration. Pilot-plant data indicate a corresponding increase in flow through electrified bags. The rudiments of a mathematical model for describing the electrical deposition of the dust are presented.
High‐Resolution, Wide‐Field, Forward‐Viewing Spectrally Encoded Endoscope (2019)

These results demonstrate the potential of this forward-viewing SEE probe for visualization and navigation in medical imaging applications. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can surgical simulation be used to train detection and classification of neural networks? (2017)

Computer-assisted interventions (CAI) aim to increase the effectiveness, precision and repeatability of procedures to improve surgical outcomes. The presence and motion of surgical tools is a key information input for CAI surgical phase recognition algorithms. Vision-based tool detection and recognition approaches are an attractive solution and can be designed to take advantage of the powerful deep learning paradigm that is rapidly advancing image recognition and classification. The challenge for such algorithms is the availability and quality of labelled data used for training. In this Letter, surgical simulation is used to train tool detection and segmentation based on deep convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks. The authors experiment with two network architectures for image segmentation in tool classes commonly encountered during cataract surgery. A commercially-available simulator is used to create a simulated cataract dataset for training models prior to performing transfer learning on real surgical data. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to train deep learning models for surgical instrument detection on simulated data while demonstrating promising results to generalise on real data. Results indicate that simulated data does have some potential for training advanced classification methods for CAI systems.
Metal‐Oxide‐Free Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite‐Based Solar Cells: the Influence of Organic Charge Transport Layers (2014)

Metal‐oxide‐free methylammonium lead iodide perovskite‐based solar cells are prepared using a dual‐source thermal evaporation method. This method leads to high quality reproducible films with large crystal domain sizes allowing for an in depth study of the effect of perovskite film thickness and the nature of the electron and hole blocking layers on the device performance. The power conversion efficiency increases from 4.7% for a device with only an organic electron blocking layer to almost 15% when an organic hole blocking layer is also employed. In addition to the in depth study on small area cells, larger area cells (approx. 1 cm −2 ) are prepared and exhibit efficiencies in excess of 10%.
A human vascular disorder, supravalvular aortic stenosis, maps to chromosome 7. (1993)

The pathogenesis of vascular disease is unclear, but genetic factors play an important role. In this study we performed linkage analyses in two families with supravalvular aortic stenosis, an inherited vascular disorder that causes narrowing of major arteries and may lead to cardiac overload and failure. DNA markers on the long arm of chromosome 7 (D7S371, D7S395, D7S448, and ELN) were linked to supravalvular aortic stenosis in both families with a combined logarithm of likelihood for linkage (lod score) of 5.9 at the ELN locus. These findings indicate that a gene for supravalvular aortic stenosis is located in the same chromosomal subunit as elastin, which becomes a candidate for the disease gene.
The single nucleotide polymorphism A118G alters functional properties of the human mu opioid receptor (2007)

The most common single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region of the human mu opioid receptor gene is the A118G variant, an adenine to guanine transition at nucleotide position 118 of the coding sequence of the gene. This polymorphism codes for an asparagine to aspartic acid substitution at amino acid 40 in the amino-terminus, thereby removing a potential extracellular glycosylation site. Using in vitro cellular expression assays, this variant has been reported to change binding of the endogenous agonist beta-endorphin and signaling of the receptor following binding of beta-endorphin. Three clinical studies report that A118G genotype affects opioid antagonist-mediated increases in cortisol levels. These studies demonstrate a functional role of this variant in responses to endogenous and exogenous opioids. To further characterize function, we expressed the prototype and variant receptors in two types of cells (human 293 embryonic kidney cells and Syrian hamster adenovirus-12-induced tumor cells). Stable expression of variant and prototype receptors was characterized by differences in levels of cell surface binding capacity (B(max)), forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation, as well as agonist-induced accumulation of cAMP (EC(50)) for several agonists, but not for beta-endorphin. In contrast, transiently expressed variant receptors showed only a minor difference in cell surface binding capacity compared to the prototype, and no differences in cAMP EC(50) values.
Modelling of organic field-effect transistors for technology and circuit design (2008)

As organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are preparing to take a key role in the flexible and low cost electronics applications, there is a pressing need for predictive device models to support technology optimization and circuit design. This paper focuses on the specific OFET features that challenge current modelling approaches. The presented modelling techniques range from the fundamental semiconductor equations to compact device model representations as required for implementation in advanced TCAD and EDA commercial tools. The models are verified with measured characteristics of advanced OFET device structures.
Apparatus Characterizes Transient Voltages in Real Time (2005)

The figure shows a prototype of a relatively inexpensive electronic monitoring apparatus that measures and records selected parameters of lightning-induced transient voltages on communication and power cables. The selected parameters, listed below, are those most relevant to the ability of lightning-induced transients to damage electronic equipment. This apparatus bridges a gap between some traditional transient-voltage recorders that record complete waveforms and other traditional transient-voltage recorders that record only peak values: By recording the most relevant parameters and only those parameters this apparatus yields more useful information than does a traditional peak-value (only) recorder while imposing much smaller data-storage and data-transmission burdens than does a traditional complete-waveform recorder. Also, relative to a complete-waveform recorder, this apparatus is more reliable and can be built at lower cost because it contains fewer electronic components. The transients generated by sources other than lightning tend to have frequency components well below 1 MHz. Most commercial transient recorders can detect and record such transients, but cannot respond rapidly enough for recording lightning-induced transient voltage peaks, which can rise from 10 to 90 percent of maximum amplitude in a fraction of a microsecond. Moreover, commercial transient recorders cannot rearm themselves rapidly enough to respond to the multiple transients that occur within milliseconds of each other on some lightning strikes. One transient recorder, designed for Kennedy Space Center earlier [ Fast Transient-Voltage Recorder (KSC- 11991), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 23, No. 10, page 6a (October 1999)], is capable of sampling transient voltages at peak values up to 50 V in four channels at a rate of 20 MHz. That recorder contains a trigger circuit that continuously compares the amplitudes of the signals on four channels to a preset triggering threshold. When a trigger signal is received, a volatile memory is filled with data for a total time of 200 ms. After the data are transferred to nonvolatile memory, the recorder rearms itself within 400 ms to enable recording of subsequent transients. Unfortunately, the recorded data must be retrieved through a serial communication link. Depending on the amount of data recorded, the memory can be filled before retrieval is completed. Although large amounts of data are recorded and retrieved, only a small part of the information (the selected parameters) is usually required. The present transient-voltage recorder provides the required information, without incurring the overhead associated with the recording, storage, and retrieval of complete transient-waveform data. In operation, this apparatus processes transient voltage waveforms in real time to extract and record the selected parameters. An analog-to-digital converter that operates at a speed of as much as 100 mega-samples per second is used to sample a transient waveform. A real-time comparator and peak detector are implemented by use of fast field-programmable gate arrays.
Simultaneous CT-MRI Reconstruction for Constrained Imaging Geometries Using Structural Coupling and Compressive Sensing (2015)

Our integrated reconstruction methodology is demonstrated with numerical phantom and real-dataset-based experiments, and has yielded promising results.
Immobilization of small molecules and proteins by radio‐derivatized polystyrene (1990)

When molded polystyrene (PS) products (e.g., microtiter plates) or latex particles are irradiated with high-energy (1-10 Mrads) gamma rays in the presence of nonpolymerizable small molecules such as aromatic amines, some of these molecules incorporate into PS, which leads to the formation of radio-derivatized PS (RDPS). Two classes of RDPS can be identified regarding their ability for immobilization of biologically important molecules: 1) reactive RDPS that are able to form covalent bonds with molecules such as proteins without the help of cross-linkers, and 2) functionalized RDPS that can be used for the immobilization of molecules with activators (e.g., carbodiimides) or cross-linkers. The method can be used for the production of low-noise supports for binding assays. Most of the RDPS can be produced without impairment of the optical quality of PS, making derivatized microtiter plates suitable for colorimetric assays. The principle can be applied for the preparation of affinity sorbents, e.g., for high-performance affinity chromatography and for the immobilization of enzymes using latex PS particles.
A man-portable, photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2000)

This article discusses a feasibility demonstration for a 30-lb field-portable chemical analysis system with detection capability comparable to that of a benchtop system. Syagen constructed and operated a prototype instrument with the use of a novel atmospheric sampling photoionization source coupled to a quadrupole-ion-trap, time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QitTof). The keys to reducing weight and power were the development of a notebook-computer data-acquisition system and a new low-power ion-trap RF source. Detection limits of 10–100 ppb and 5–50 pg were measured for a variety of compounds including phosphonates and aromatics. An air and liquid sampler was developed and shown to have a response time of 1–10 s, depending on mode of operation. The QitTof analyzer and processor can record mass spectra at 200 Hz, making it suitable for fast gas chromatography. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 4: 204–215, 2000
An optimal permissible source region strategy for multispectral bioluminescence tomography (2008)

Multispectral bioluminescence tomography (BLT) attracts increasing more attention in the area of small animal studies because multispectral data acquisition could help in the 3D location of bioluminescent sources. Generally, BLT problem is ill-posed and a priori information is indispensable to reconstruction bioluminescent source uniquely and quantitatively. In this paper, we propose a spectrally solved bioluminescence tomography algorithm with an optimal permissible source region strategy. Being the most different from earlier studies, an optimal permissible source region strategy which is automatically selected without human intervention is developed to reduce the ill-posedness of BLT and therefore improves the reconstruction quality. Furthermore, both numerical stability and computational efficiency benefit from the strategy. In the numerical experiments, a heterogeneous phantom is used to evaluate the proposed algorithm and the synthetic data is produced by Monte Carlo method for avoiding the inverse crime. The results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of our methodology for reconstructing the distribution of bioluminescent sources.
Local measurement of thermal conductivity and diffusivity (2015)

Simultaneous measurement of local thermal diffusivity and conductivity is demonstrated on a range of ceramic samples. This was accomplished by measuring the temperature field spatial profile of samples excited by an amplitude modulated continuous wave laser beam. A thin gold film is applied to the samples to ensure strong optical absorption and to establish a second boundary condition that introduces an expression containing the substrate thermal conductivity. The diffusivity and conductivity are obtained by comparing the measured phase profile of the temperature field to a continuum based model. A sensitivity analysis is used to identify the optimal film thickness for extracting the both substrate conductivity and diffusivity. Proof of principle studies were conducted on a range of samples having thermal properties that are representatives of current and advanced accident tolerant nuclear fuels. It is shown that by including the Kapitza resistance as an additional fitting parameter, the measured conductivity and diffusivity of all the samples considered agreed closely with the literature values. A distinguishing feature of this technique is that it does not require a priori knowledge of the optical spot size which greatly increases measurement reliability and reproducibility.
Electrical stimulation of the growth plate: A potential approach to an epiphysiodesis (2007)

Epiphysiodesis is an operative procedure that induces bony bridges to form across a growth plate of a bone to stop longitudinal growth. This is a very common orthopedic procedure to correct disproportional long-bone growth discrepancies; however, present techniques require an operation and anesthesia. Our study was designed to develop a minimally invasive method of epiphysiodesis by using electrical stimulation with DC current. In a rabbit model, a thin titanium electrode was inserted into a single location of the distal femoral growth plate in three groups: one without current (control), one group with a constant 10 microA (low current, LC), and one group with a 50 microA (high current, HC). The current was delivered for 2 weeks. The nontreated femur served as a control for each animal. Femur lengths were measured and comparisons were made between operated (left) and nonoperated (right) femurs. Digitized histomorphometric and volumetric analyses were performed on each growth plate, and detailed assessments were made of any morphological changes. Using length measurements, the difference in femur length was significantly larger in the HC group and not in the LC or control groups, showing bone growth inhibition at the higher current. In the HC group, bony bridges and disorganized growth plates were observed. This study shows that delivery of an electrical current of 50 microA for as little as 2 weeks can markedly affect bone growth as evidenced by changes in epiphyseal plate volume and architectural organization, and the study supports the use of this minimally invasive approach as a potential method of achieving an epiphysiodesis.
Using D-Q transformation to variable switching frequency PWM control for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives (2014)

Variable switching frequency PWM (VSFPWM) control has been adopted in the induction motor drive in recent work. Due to the position-related phase inductance, interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) have the difficulty to adopt VSFPWM. In contrast to using thevenin theory from previous work, this paper applies d-q transformation to IPMSM drives to predict the phase-current ripple and applies VSFPWM to control the current ripple of IPMSM. Simulation results validated the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
An adaptive motion decision system for digital image stabilizer based on edge pattern matching (1992)

The effects of various environmental conditions which degrade the performance of a digital image stabilization (DIS) system in a video camera are analyzed. On the basis of the analysis, a new DIS system with an adaptive motion decision system is proposed. The DIS system is composed of (i) a local motion vector generation unit, (ii) a field motion vector generation unit, (iii) an accumulated motion vector generation unit, and (iv) field memory address control and a digital zooming unit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>