gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adapting to User Interest Drift for POI Recommendation (2016)

Point-of-Interest recommendation is an essential means to help people discover attractive locations, especially when people travel out of town or to unfamiliar regions. While a growing line of research has focused on modeling user geographical preferences for POI recommendation, they ignore the phenomenon of user interest drift across geographical regions, i.e., users tend to have different interests when they travel in different regions, which discounts the recommendation quality of existing methods, especially for out-of-town users. In this paper, we propose a latent class probabilistic generative model Spatial-Temporal LDA (ST-LDA) to learn region-dependent personal interests according to the contents of their checked-in POIs at each region. As the users' check-in records left in the out-of-town regions are extremely sparse, ST-LDA incorporates the crowd's preferences by considering the public's visiting behaviors at the target region. To further alleviate the issue of data sparsity, a social-spatial collective inference framework is built on ST-LDA to enhance the inference of region-dependent personal interests by effectively exploiting the social and spatial correlation information. Besides, based on ST-LDA, we design an effective attribute pruning (AP) algorithm to overcome the curse of dimensionality and support fast online recommendation for large-scale POI data. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of our ST-LDA model on two real-world and large-scale datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of ST-LDA and AP, compared with the state-of-the-art competing methods, by making more effective and efficient mobile recommendations.
Progress towards the Synthesis of Amino Polyesters via Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) of Functional Lactones (2016)

Amine-functionalized polyesters are an important class of materials for biomedical applications due to their utility in gene and drug delivery, bioconjugation reactions, hydrogels, and controlled release systems. The synthesis of amino polyesters by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is an ongoing challenge that is being aided by advances in reaction development. For the benefit of this important research area, this article highlights the related works of synthesizing amino polyesters by ROP as well as our recent synthesis of a new library of amino polyesters from amine-functionalized lactone monomers. 1 Polymerization of Lactone Monomers with Unprotected Amine Functionalities 2 Synthesis of Amino-Functionalized Polyesters via Postpolymerization Modification of Functionalized Monomers 3 Design of Novel Amino-Functionalized Lactone Monomers and Direct Synthesis of Amino Polyesters
Learning to Exploit Invariances in Clinical Time-Series Data using Sequence Transformer Networks (2018)

Recently, researchers have started applying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with one-dimensional convolutions to clinical tasks involving time-series data. This is due, in part, to their computational efficiency, relative to recurrent neural networks and their ability to efficiently exploit certain temporal invariances, (<i>e.g</i>., phase invariance). However, it is well-established that clinical data may exhibit many other types of invariances (<i>e.g</i>., scaling). While preprocessing techniques, (<i>e.g</i>., dynamic time warping) may successfully transform and align inputs, their use often requires one to identify the types of invariances in advance. In contrast, we propose the use of Sequence Transformer Networks, an end-to-end trainable architecture that learns to identify and account for invariances in clinical time-series data. Applied to the task of predicting in-hospital mortality, our proposed approach achieves an improvement in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) relative to a baseline CNN (AUROC=0.851 vs. AUROC=0.838). Our results suggest that a variety of valuable invariances can be learned directly from the data.
Local search: the Internet is the Yellow Pages (2005)

The proposed Internet-derived Yellow Pages aggregate, annotate, and certify Web content for use in geographically oriented searching. The IDYP provides a framework for combining Internet-derived content with the trust and fairness that characterize the printed Yellow Pages, still the predominant source of consumer-oriented local information.
Competitive Growth of α- and β-Crystals in β-Nucleated Isotactic Polypropylene under Shear Flow (2010)

It has been well established that, although both shear flow and β-nucleating agent could separately induce β-crystals in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in an efficient manner, their combination in fact depressed the content of β-crystals when compared with quiescently crystallized β-nucleated iPP. In the current study, in-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed to investigate this behavior. The WAXD data obtained were quantitatively analyzed to determine the independent contributions of applied shear flow and added β-nucleating agent in terms of nucleation stage and subsequent α- and β-crystal growth stage. In the nucleation stage, the addition of β-nucleating agent increased the amount of β-nuclei, while the application of shear flow and the interactions between shear and β-nucleating agent enhanced the amount of α-nuclei (the amounts of α- and β-nuclei were in the same order of magnitude). As a result, in the initial crystallization, α- and β-crystals grew competitively, causing simultaneously increments of α- and β-crystals. However, in the growth stage, the growth rate of β-crystals was faster than that of α-crystals where the epitaxial growth of β-crystals on α-crystals also occurred (due to more favorable isothermal crystallization temperature for β-crystal growth). Consequently, the content of β-crystals became dominant in the limited growth space; however, it was still less than that formed from the quiescent isothermal crystallization of β-nucleated iPP. As the shear rate increased, more shear-induced α-nuclei were formed, further decreasing the amount of β-crystals. Nevertheless, when shear and β-nucleating agent coexisted, β-crystals emerged earlier than α-crystals. The SAXS results indicated that the combination of shear and β-nucleating agent changed the stacking manner of molecular chains, so that the long period of sheared, β-nucleated iPP was comparable to that of quiescently crystallized iPP.
Active Oxygen Vacancy Site for Methanol Synthesis from CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation on In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(110): A DFT Study (2013)

Methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation on the defective In2O3(110) surface with surface oxygen vacancies has been investigated using periodic density functional theory calculations. The relative stabilities of six possible surface oxygen vacancies numbered from Ov1 to Ov6 on the perfect In2O3(110) surface were examined. The calculated oxygen vacancy formation energies show that the D1 surface with the Ov1 defective site is the most thermodynamically favorable while the D4 surface with the Ov4 defective site is the least stable. Two different methanol synthesis routes from CO2 hydrogenation over both D1 and D4 surfaces were studied, and the D4 surface was found to be more favorable for CO2 activation and hydrogenation. On the D4 surface, one of the O atoms of the CO2 molecule fills in the Ov4 site upon adsorption. Hydrogenation of CO2 to HCOO on the D4 surface is both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Further hydrogenation of HCOO involves both forming the C–H bond and breaking the C–O bond, resulting in H2CO and hydroxyl. The HCOO hydrogenation is slightly endothermic with an activation barrier of 0.57 eV. A high barrier of 1.14 eV for the hydrogenation of H2CO to H3CO indicates that this step is the rate-limiting step in the methanol synthesis on the defective In2O3(110) surface.
Thermal processes in the oscillations of gas bubbles in tubes (1998)

The forced oscillations of a system consisting of two finite liquid columns in a duct separated by a gas bubble are studied in the linear approximation. It is found that thermal processes in the gas induce a very significant damping in the system, which can exceed viscous damping even in capillaries with a submillimeter diameter. The study is motivated by the possibility of using gas bubbles as actuators in microdevices.
Going global: protein expression profiling using shotgun mass spectrometry. (2003)

Protein expression profiling, the science of monitoring global sets of proteins produced by any given cell type, tissue or organism, has been invigorated by the introduction of proteomic technologies capable of characterizing large numbers of proteins. This review summarizes recent advances in mass spectrometry-based techniques for high-throughput protein identification and quantitation that are fueling rapid growth in the field. Key publications applying state-of-the-art 'shotgun' methods for investigating the entire protein complement of whole organelles, cells and tissues are highlighted. An overview of current proteomic challenges, particularly in the area of data analysis, and the long-term prospects of protein profiling strategies in basic biomedical research, therapeutics development and clinical discovery is also provided.
The Psychology of the Terrorist (2002)

Abstract The psychological factors that motivate terrorist acts-par-ticularly ones such as the suicide bombings that characterized the September 11th attacks-can be especially difficult to fathom. Understanding the psychology of terrorism, however, can be invaluable in helping victims of terrorism work toward making sense of what they have been subjected to and why. Dr. Jerrold Post, a psychiatrist who specializes in political psychology and who has considerable experience in the study and profiling of terrorists, is interviewed. He explains what constitutes terrorism, its purpose, how profiling “at-a-distance” is conducted, the various categories in a typology of terrorism, and the psychological and socio-political forces that support terrorism in general and suicide bombings in particular.
The Pathological Roles of Ganglioside Metabolism in Alzheimer′s Disease: Effects of Gangliosides on Neurogenesis (2011)

Conversion of the soluble, nontoxic amyloid β-protein (Aβ) into an aggregated, toxic form rich in β-sheets is a key step in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been suggested that Aβ induces changes in neuronal membrane fluidity as a result of its interactions with membrane components such as cholesterol, phospholipids, and gangliosides. Gangliosides are known to bind Aβ. A complex of GM1 and Aβ, termed "GAβ", has been identified in AD brains. Abnormal ganglioside metabolism also may occur in AD brains. We have reported an increase of Chol-1α antigens, GQ1bα and GT1aα, in the brain of transgenic mouse AD model. GQ1bα and GT1aα exhibit high affinities to Aβs. The presence of Chol-1α gangliosides represents evidence for genesis of cholinergic neurons in AD brains. We evaluated the effects of GM1 and Aβ1-40 on mouse neuroepithelial cells. Treatment of these cells simultaneously with GM1 and Aβ1-40 caused a significant reduction of cell number, suggesting that Aβ1-40 and GM1 cooperatively exert a cytotoxic effect on neuroepithelial cells. An understanding of the mechanism on the interaction of GM1 and Aβs in AD may contribute to the development of new neuroregenerative therapies for this disorder.
Phototriggerable Transient Electronics: Materials and Concepts (2017)

Transient electronics is an emerging field of technology where the controlled, programmable vaporization of a device is needed because retrieval is not possible or a different form of disposal is desired. Decomposable polymers are of interest and may be used to form electronic components and packages. The ability to trigger these polymers to depolymerize and vaporize at ambient conditions can lead to many applications. Low ceiling temperature polyaldehydes have been evaluated for transience. Incorporation of more volatile monomer units significantly increase the evaporation rate of decomposition products. The stimulus for disappearance is a photochemical reaction that has been extended from the ultraviolet to the visible region. Chemical amplification of the trigger source has been demonstrated with acid amplifiers.
Prevention and control measures of bovine viral diarrhea virus in developed country and its inspiration to China. (2010)

Bovine viral diarrhea disease is an important disease in the world,which causes great economic loss and leads to serious clinical symptoms such as drop in milk and meat production,reproductive failure,growth retardation,and secondary infection increasing the mortality rate.The developed countries have made a series of measures in preventing the disease and made a great purpose.This paper summarizes those methods in order to make a reference for the control of the disease in China.
Binding Affinity of Transforming Growth Factor-β for Its Type II Receptor Is Determined by the C-terminal Region of the Molecule (1996)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) isoforms have differential binding affinities for the TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII). In most cells, TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 bind to TbetaRII with much higher affinity than TGF-beta2. Here, we report an analysis of the effect of TGF-beta structure on its binding to TbetaRII by using TGF-beta mutants with domain deletions, amino acid replacements, and isoform chimeras. Examination of the binding of TGF-beta mutants to the recombinant extracellular domain of TbetaRII by a solid-phase TGF-beta/TbetaRII assay demonstrated that only those TGF-beta mutants containing the C terminus of TGF-beta1 (TGF-beta1-(Delta69-73), TGF-beta1-(Trp71), and TGF-beta2/beta1-(83-112)) bind with high affinity to TbetaRII, similar to native TGF-beta1. Moreover, replacement of only 6 amino acids in the C terminus of TGF-beta1 with the corresponding sequence of TGF-beta2 (TGF-beta1/beta2-(91-96)) completely eliminated the high affinity binding of TGF-beta1. Proliferation of fetal bovine heart endothelial (FBHE) cells was inhibited to a similar degree by all of the TGF-beta mutants. However, recombinant soluble TbetaRII blocked the inhibition of FBHE cell proliferation induced by TGF-beta mutants retaining the C terminus of TGF-beta1, consistent with the high binding affinity between these TGF-beta molecules and TbetaRII. It was further confirmed that the TGF-beta2 mutant with its C terminus replaced by that of TGF-beta1 (TGF-beta2/beta1-(83-112)) competed as effectively as TGF-beta1 with 125I-TGF-beta1 for binding to membrane TbetaRI and TbetaRII on FBHE cells. These observations clearly indicate that the domain in TGF-beta1 responsible for its high affinity binding to TbetaRII, both the soluble and membrane-bound forms, is located at C terminus of the molecule.
Diarrhea in liver transplant recipients: Etiology and management (2005)

Diarrhea is common after liver transplantation (LT). The true incidence of diarrhea in liver transplant recipients is unknown but possibly ranges from 10% to 43% based on a few published studies in other solid organ and bone marrow transplantation. Infectious etiologies, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Clostridium difficile, and occasional atypical intestinal infections, are the most common causes. Diarrhea is also a frequent side effect of immunosuppressive medications. To variable extents, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine A (CSA), tacrolimus, and sirolimus are all known to be associated with diarrhea. Rarely, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), lymphoproliferative disorder, de novo inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or colon cancer may present as diarrhea. Flare-up of preexisting IBD is also not uncommon after LT. However, the cause of acute diarrhea remains unidentified in 1 of 3 patients. This review summarizes the literature and provides recommendations on the management of acute diarrhea after LT. Although our focus is on LT, the etiology and management recommendations apply to most transplant recipients.
Sunscald and ultraviolet light injury of banana fruits (1993)

The peel of green banana fruit affected by sunscald or irradiated with ultraviolet (UV)-C (but not UV-A) was superficially bronzed by the deposition of a red-brown pigment in epidermal and adjacent hypodermal cells. Bronzing increased with the UV-C fluence, with maximum response at 720 Jm'2. Pigment deposition was first detected about 24 h after irradiation, and continued for about a week. Bronzing was greatest in fruit kept in darkness after irradiation, and was lessened by exposure to white light. Continuous exposure to white light (13.2 Wm'2) completely prevented bronzing. Green fruit in which bronzing had been prevented with white light after irradiation with UV-C became bronzed when irradiated a second time and incubated in the dark. As banana fruit ripened they became less sensitive to UV-C, and after seven days of ripening at 20°C, irradiation with UV-C caused no visible effects.
The Cleaning and Disinfecting of Hemodialysis Equipment Using Electrolyzed Strong Acid Aqueous Solution (1999)

In general, sodium hypochlorite, formalin, and Dialox (Teijin Gambro Medical, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan [main ingredients: H2O2, CH3CHOOOH, CH3COOH, H2O]) are used to clean and disinfect hemodialysis pipelines. In this study, the suitability of electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution (ESAAS), which has attracted considerable interest in Japan because of its strong disinfecting properties, was examined. The crossover method was used to investigate the effectiveness of ESAAS in disinfecting the dialysis pipelines in comparison to that of sodium hypochlorite (200 ppm) used alternately with 1% acetic acid. The number of bacteria and the concentration of endotoxin (Et) were measured over an approximately 3 year period, starting in September 1994. Until then, 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite had been used alternately with 1% acetic acid, and the contamination of the pipeline had been marked. However, after switching to the ESAAS disinfection method, the dialysis pipelines very rapidly became cleaner. Therefore, the decision to develop an automated ESAAS cleaning system for long-term use was made. During the development period, the original disinfectants (200 ppm sodium hypochlorite used alternately with 1% acetic acid) were used as a stopgap. After confirmation of its performance and safety, the automated ESAAS cleaning system was introduced. To find out whether the decrease in bacteria secondarily caused a decrease in the Et concentration or whether the ESAAS directly inactivated the Et, an in vitro experiment was carried out. Highly concentrated Et, which had been left in the reverse osmosis (RO) drainage pipeline, was used as a sample to investigate the effects of ESAAS on Et at various concentrations and temperatures and on the recovery test. The results showed that ESAAS directly inactivated Et. This paper reports the results of the crossover test. The results of parallel tests carried out over an approximately 4 year period have already been reported. No significant problems occurred in the dialysis. The automated ESAAS cleaning system that was developed proved to be more economical than the conventional disinfecting method.
GAGE: A critical evaluation of genome assemblies and assembly algorithms (2011)

New sequencing technology has dramatically altered the landscape of whole-genome sequencing, allowing scientists to initiate numerous projects to decode the genomes of previously unsequenced organisms. The lowest-cost technology can generate deep coverage of most species, including mammals, in just a few days. The sequence data generated by one of these projects consist of millions or billions of short DNA sequences (reads) that range from 50 to 150 nt in length. These sequences must then be assembled de novo before most genome analyses can begin. Unfortunately, genome assembly remains a very difficult problem, made more difficult by shorter reads and unreliable long-range linking information. In this study, we evaluated several of the leading de novo assembly algorithms on four different short-read data sets, all generated by Illumina sequencers. Our results describe the relative performance of the different assemblers as well as other significant differences in assembly difficulty that appear to be inherent in the genomes themselves. Three overarching conclusions are apparent: first, that data quality, rather than the assembler itself, has a dramatic effect on the quality of an assembled genome; second, that the degree of contiguity of an assembly varies enormously among different assemblers and different genomes; and third, that the correctness of an assembly also varies widely and is not well correlated with statistics on contiguity. To enable others to replicate our results, all of our data and methods are freely available, as are all assemblers used in this study.
Discovery of new materials using combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput characterization of thin-film materials libraries combined with computational methods (2019)

Abstract This perspective provides an experimentalist’s view on materials discovery in multinary materials systems—from nanoparticles over thin films to bulk—based on combinatorial thin-film synthesis and high-throughput characterization in connection with high-throughput calculations and materials informatics. Complete multinary materials systems as well as composition gradients which cover all materials compositions necessary for verification/falsification of hypotheses and predictions are efficiently fabricated by combinatorial synthesis of thin-film materials libraries. Automated high-quality high-throughput characterization methods enable comprehensive determination of compositional, structural and (multi)functional properties of the materials contained in the libraries. The created multidimensional datasets enable data-driven materials discoveries and support efficient optimization of newly identified materials, using combinatorial processing. Furthermore, these datasets are the basis for multifunctional existence diagrams, comprising correlations between composition, processing, structure and properties, which can be used for the design of future materials.
Denoising autoencoder with modulated lateral connections learns invariant representations of natural images (2014)

Suitable lateral connections between encoder and decoder are shown to allow higher layers of a denoising autoencoder (dAE) to focus on invariant representations. In regular autoencoders, detailed information needs to be carried through the highest layers but lateral connections from encoder to decoder relieve this pressure. It is shown that abstract invariant features can be translated to detailed reconstructions when invariant features are allowed to modulate the strength of the lateral connection. Three dAE structures with modulated and additive lateral connections, and without lateral connections were compared in experiments using real-world images. The experiments verify that adding modulated lateral connections to the model 1) improves the accuracy of the probability model for inputs, as measured by denoising performance; 2) results in representations whose degree of invariance grows faster towards the higher layers; and 3) supports the formation of diverse invariant poolings.