gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Many Shapes of Mitochondrial Membranes (2001)

The roles of mitochondria in cell death and in aging have generated much excitement in recent years. At the same time, however, a quiet revolution in our thinking about mitochondrial ultrastructure has begun. This revolution started with the use of vital dyes and of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins, showing that mitochondria are very dynamic structures that constantly move, divide and fuse throughout the life of a cell. More recently, some of the first proteins contributing to these various processes have been discovered. Our view of the internal structures of mitochondria has also changed. Three-dimensional reconstructions obtained with high voltage electron microscopy show that cristae are often connected to the mitochondrial inner membrane by thin tubules. These new insights are brought to bear on the wealth of data collected by conventional electron microscopic analysis.
Cyclic Polymers by Ring‐Closure Strategies (2016)

The preparation of cyclic macromolecules has always represented a challenging task for polymer science, mainly because of difficulties in connecting chain extremities together. Initiated by the pioneering studies of Jacobson and Stockmayer, preparative pathways to cyclic polymers have been considerably improved within the last two decades thanks to the advent of both controlled polymerizations and efficient coupling reactions in organic chemistry. This Review aims to provide a critical up-to-date overview and illustrate the considerable efforts that have been made in the past few years to improve the availability of macrocycles for industrial and academic investigations through the use of the ring-closure approach. Particular attention is paid to methods for the preparation of monocycles over more complex architectures, since the latter are usually derived from the former.
BigBackground-Based Illumination Compensation for Surveillance Video (2011)

Illumination changes cause challenging problems for video surveillance algorithms, as objects of interest become masked by changes in background appearance. It is desired for such algorithms to maintain a consistent perception of a scene regardless of illumination variation. This work introduces a concept we call Big Background, which is a model for representing large, persistent scene features based on chromatic self-similarity. This model is found to comprise 50% to 90% of surveillance scenes. The large, stable regions represented by the model are used as reference points for performing illumination compensation. The presented compensation technique is demonstrated to decrease improper false-positive classification of background pixels by an average of 83% compared to the uncompensated case and by 25% to 43% compared to compensation techniques from the literature.
A customizable collaborative virtual environment on the Web (2003)

Collaborative virtual environments (CVE) support the collaboration, communication and social interaction among users in virtual spaces. We present a customizable CVE implemented on top of the Web that allows for the creation of various interactive environments. This CVE is designed mainly, from the perspective of the desk, rooms and hall metaphors. The architecture of our CVE is based on design patterns and integrates a group of tools in order to support interaction among users in both synchronous and asynchronous ways.
A Algorithm of Direct Method of Transportation Problem (2010)

The basic theories of Strongly Polynomial Algorithm for the Linear Programming Problem were applied to the Transportation Problem based on its special structure. First,the gradient vector projections of the objective function are computed,then the low-dimensional equivalent plane in the feasible region of Transportation Problem is established,thus the optimal solution set of transportation problem can be found directly.
A potential interaction of p75 and <i>trkA</i> NGF receptors revealed by affinity crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (1995)

Nerve growth factor binds independently to two transmembrane receptors, the p75 neurotrophin receptor and the p140trk (trkA) tyrosine kinase receptor, which are both co-expressed in the majority of neuronal cells that respond to NGF. Previous findings have suggested that appropriate co-expression of the two receptors gives rise to high affinity NGF binding sites and increased neurotrophin responsiveness; however, evidence demonstrating a direct interaction between the two receptors in cell lines has been lacking. Here we have utilized affinity crosslinking agents with 125I-NGF to detect an association of trkA and p75 receptors in embryonic spinal cord and brain tissues enriched in the two receptors. Although multimeric complexes of trkA and p75 were not detected by affinity crosslinking, immunoprecipitation of cross-linked NGF-receptor complexes with trk-specific antibodies resulted in selective immunoprecipitation of crosslinked p75. Our results indicate that the trkA and p75 receptors can potentially interact, and that such an association may be responsible for the generation of high affinity NGF binding sites.
STAR-Net: Action Recognition using Spatio-Temporal Activation Reprojection (2019)

While depth cameras and inertial sensors have been frequently leveraged for human action recognition, these sensing modalities are impractical in many scenarios where cost or environmental constraints prohibit their use. As such, there has been recent interest on human action recognition using low-cost, readily-available RGB cameras via deep convolutional neural networks. However, many of the deep convolutional neural networks proposed for action recognition thus far have relied heavily on learning global appearance cues directly from imaging data, resulting in highly complex network architectures that are computationally expensive and difficult to train. Motivated to circumvent the challenges associated with training complex network architectures, we introduce the concept of spatio-temporal activation reprojection (STAR). More specifically, we reproject the spatio-temporal activations generated by human pose estimation layers in space and time using a stack of 3D convolutions. Experimental results on UTD-MHAD and J-HMDB demonstrate that an end-to-end architecture based on the proposed STAR framework (which we nickname STAR-Net) is proficient in single-environment and small-scale applications. On UTD-MHAD, STAR-Net outperforms several methods using richer data modalities such as depth and inertial sensors.
Multiview constraints on homographies (2002)

The image motion of a planar surface between two camera views is captured by a homography (a 2D projective transformation). The homography depends on the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters, as well as on the 3D plane parameters. While camera parameters vary across different views, the plane geometry remains the same. Based on this fact, we derive linear subspace constraints on the relative homographies of multiple (/spl ges/ 2) planes across multiple views. The paper has three main contributions: 1) We show that the collection of all relative homographies (homologies) of a pair of planes across multiple views, spans a 4-dimensional linear subspace. 2) We show how this constraint can be extended to the case of multiple planes across multiple views. 3) We show that, for some restricted cases of camera motion, linear subspace constraints apply also to the set of homographies of a single plane across multiple views. All the results derived are true for uncalibrated cameras. The possible utility of these multiview constraints for improving homography estimation and for detecting nonrigid motions are also discussed.
Mechanism of Controlled/“Living” Radical Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of Nitroxyl Radicals. Kinetics and Simulations (1996)

The polymerization of styrene in the presence of a stable radical, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy), has been simulated using a Predici simulations package. On the basis of the experimental data, a kinetic model for the TEMPO-mediated polymerization of styrene is proposed. In order to simulate the experimental data properly, it was necessary to include thermal self-initiation, transfer, and irreversible decomposition of intermediate alkoxyamines in addition to the reversible cleavage of the TEMPO-polymeric radical adduct. This model, combined with the values of the rate constants of propagation (kp), termination (kt), transfer (ktrm), and alkoxyamines decomposition (kdecomp), was then employed to estimate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the exchange between dormant and active species. The equilibrium constant, K, was estimated to be approximately 10-11 mol·L-1, the deactivation rate constant, kd = 8 × 107 mol-1·L·s-1, and the activation rate constant, ka = 8 × 10-4 s-1, for bulk styrene polymerization at 120 °C.
Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Nanoreactors Based on Cyclic and Cubic Siloxane Scaffolds (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTInorganic/Organic Hybrid Nanoreactors Based on Cyclic and Cubic Siloxane Scaffolds†Bhanu P. S. Chauhan and Umar LatifView Author Information Nanomaterials Laboratory of "Center for Engineered Polymeric Materials" (CePM), Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center, City University of New York at The College of Staten Island, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314 Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 15, 6231–6235Publication Date (Web):June 23, 2005Publication History Received17 February 2005Revised31 May 2005Published online23 June 2005Published inissue 26 July 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma050344fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma050344frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views517Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Metal nanoparticles,Metals,Nanoparticles,Polymers,Siloxanes Get e-Alerts
Differential regulation of the expression of proteinases/antiproteinases in fibroblasts. Effects of interleukin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor (1991)

We have previously reported that polypeptide growth factors had an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing the cytokine-enhanced expression of factor B (FB), an activator of the alternative complement pathway, in human fibroblasts. To further characterize the role of cytokines and growth factors in the inflammatory/repair continuum, we have studied the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on the expression of metalloproteinases/antiproteinases of the extracellular matrix in cultured human fibroblasts. Co-incubation of IL-1 and PDGF synergistically increased the expression of stromelysin and interstitial collagenase to 23-fold (for both proteins) over background, while PDGF decreased the IL-1-enhanced expression of FB by 82%. PDGF, but not IL-1, alone or in combination, increased the synthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. RNA blot analysis indicated that the changes in protein synthesis were regulated at a pretranslational level. Cycloheximide treatment indicated that the effects of PDGF on the metalloproteinases/antiproteinases were not protein-dependent, in contrast to results obtained for FB. The effect of the three dimeric forms of PDGF (AA, AB, and BB) on the synthesis of metalloproteinases and FB was also analyzed. The effects were qualitatively similar for each of the dimeric forms; however, the BB and AB isoforms had considerably greater effects than PDGF-AA. It has been reported that the PDGF receptors found in human fibroblasts have higher binding affinity for the BB and AB isoforms of the growth factor. The results presented in this paper are in accord with the possibility that differences in the biological activity of the three isoforms of PDGF are due to differences in the number or affinity of the binding sites of the target cells, rather than to different activation pathways of the receptor. Thus, PDGF increased cytokine effects on metalloproteinases, while decreasing cytokine effects or complement activator FB. The net effect of these changes may be to decrease inflammation and enhance remodeling early in repair and to enhance matrix stability later in the repair process.
Efficient Channel Equalization and Symbol Detection for MIMO OTFS Systems (2022)

The application of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) over orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is envisioned to provide high-data-rate wireless transmission in high-mobility environments. However, in these communication scenarios, the multiple-dimensional interference, which can generate from space, delay and Doppler domains, challenges the channel equalization and symbol detection at the MIMO-OTFS receiver. To tackle this issue, we propose a time-space domain channel equalizer, relying on the mathematical least squares minimum residual algorithm, to remove the channel distortion on data symbols. The proposed channel equalizer adopts a recursion method to achieve symbol estimates, which can realize fast convergence by leveraging the sparsity of MIMO-OTFS channel matrix. Instead of directly remapping the equalized OTFS symbols into data bits, we develop an enhanced data detection (EDD) scheme to iteratively demodulate the superposed multi-antenna signal. The EDD can not only realize the linear-complexity interference cancellation, but also efficiently reap the spatial and multi-path diversities of MIMO-OTFS channel. The simulations show the proposed channel equalization and EDD algorithms enable the MIMO-OTFS receiver to robustly demodulate multi-stream 256-ary quadrature amplitude modulation symbols, under a maximum velocity of 550 km/h at 5.9 GHz carrier frequency.
0.7–1.0-GHz Reconfigurable Bandpass-to-Bandstop Filter With Selectable 2- and 4-Pole Responses (2014)

A 0.7-1.0-GHz reconfigurable bandpass-to-bandstop filter with selectable 2- and 4-pole responses is presented. The proposed filter can act as a 2- or 4-pole bandpass or bandstop filter by changing the coupling paths using zero-value coupling coefficients. The 4-pole bandpass filter mode also includes bandwidth control. The filter is built on a Duroid substrate with ε r=10.2 and h=25 mil. The center frequency tuning, as well as the bandpass-to-bandstop transformation and the selection of the number of poles are achieved using silicon varactor diodes and RF microelectromechanical systems switches. In the 2- and 4-pole bandpass modes, an insertion loss of 4.9-2.9 and 6.1-4.8 dB is measured at 0.71-0.99 and 0.72-1.01 GHz, respectively. The 4-pole bandpass mode also shows a bandwidth tuning of 28-85 MHz at 0.9 GHz. In the 2- and 4-pole bandstop modes, rejection levels of 24-28 and 32-41 dB are measured at 0.64-0.96 and 0.71-0.96 GHz, respectively. The application areas are in reconfigurable filters for wideband radios under high interference environments.
Free radicals and oxidative damage in biology and medicine: An introduction (1998)

When living organisms first evolved on the Earth, they did so under an atmosphere containing very little O2, i.e. they were essentially anaerobes. Anaerobic micro-organisms still survive to this day, but their growth is inhibited and they can often be killed by exposure to 21% O2, the current atmospheric level. As the O2 content of the atmosphere rose (as a result of the evolution of organisms with photosynthetic water-splitting capacity), many primitive organisms must have died. Present-day anaerobes are presumably the descendants of those primitive organisms that followed the evolutionary path of “adapting” to rising atmospheric O2 levels by restricting themselves to environments that the O2 did not penetrate. However, other organisms began the evolutionary process of evolving antioxidant defence systems to protect against O2 toxicity. In retrospect, this was a fruitful path to follow. Organisms that tolerated the presence of O2 could also evolve to use it for metabolic transformations (oxidases, oxygenases and synthases such as nitric oxide synthase [NOS]) and for efficient energy production by using electron transport chains with O2 as the terminal electron acceptor, such as those present in mitochondria. Human mitochondria make over 80% of the ATP that we need, and the lethal effects of inhibiting this, e.g. by cyanide, show how important the mitochondria are. Mitochondrial defects contribute to the pathology of a wide range of diseases, as shown in subsequent chapters of this book.
Tandem Photoinduced Cationic Polymerization and CuAAC for Macromolecular Synthesis (2015)

A novel synthetic strategy involving sequential photoinduced cationic and copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click processes for the synthesis of complex macromolecular structures such as side-chain functional polymers, graft copolymers, and organogels is described. In the approach, first a set of copolymers possessing side-chain alkyne or halide functionalities, namely, poly(cyclohexene oxide-co-glycidyl propargyl ether) (P(CHO-co-GPE)), poly(cyclohexene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) (P(CHO-co-ECH)), and poly(tetrahydrofuran-co-epichlorohydrin) (P(THF-co-ECH)), were synthesized by photoinitiated free-radical-promoted cationic copolymerization of the corresponding monomers using phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO) and diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph2I+PF6–) as free radical photoinitiator and oxidant, respectively. While P(CHO-co-GPE) readily contained clickable alkyne side-chains, the halide groups of P(THF-co-ECH) were converted to azide groups by conventional azidation procedure using NaN3 in DMF. Model side-chain functionalization, grafting onto, and organogel formation were demonstrated by using P(CHO-co-GPE) and azidated P(THF-co-ECH) via photoinduced CuAAC reactions. The intermediate polymers formed in various stages and final polymers were characterized by spectral analysis and gel permeation chromatography.
Semi-Active Linear Stroke Magnetorheological Fluid-Elastic Helicopter Lag Damper (2007)

A semi-active linear stroke magnetorheological fluid-elastic lag damper is proposed as a retrofit to an existing elastomeric helicopter lag damper. A flow mode magnetorheological valve is incorporated into the inner chamber of the elastomeric damper. Consistent with sinusoidal loading conditions for a helicopter lag damper, single frequency (lag/rev) and dual frequency (lag/rev and 1/rev) sinusoidal excitations are applied to the magnetorheological fluid-elastic damper. Complex modulus and equivalent damping are used to compare the characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid-elastic damper with the passive elastomeric damper. Based on our measurements, the field-off magnetorheological fluid-elastic characteristics are similar to the passive elastomeric damping. Controllable magnetorheological damping is also observed as the applied current is varied in the magnetorheological valve. The experimental damping characteristics of the magnetorheological fluid-elastic damper are consistent with the analytical results obtained from the Bingham plastic analysis of the magnetorheological valve. A time domain magnetorheological fluid-elastic damper model is introduced to describe the nonlinear behavior of the magnetorheological fluid-elastic damper. Good correlation between the model and experimental data demonstrates the feasibility of the magnetorheological fluid-elastic model for future magnetorheological fluid-elastic damper applications. Significantly, this paper provides key insights into the practical design of semi-active linear stroke helicopter lag dampers.
A practical control strategy to improve unloading transient response performance for buck converters (2011)

In this paper, a practical control strategy is presented which is capable of controlling a 12V-1.5V Buck converter and an auxiliary converter to achieve significantly improved unloading response performance. The auxiliary circuit is controlled by peak current mode method for a predictable number of auxiliary switching, while the charge balance controller minimizes the settling time of the Buck converter. In the proposed strategy, a good tradeoff has been made (between the trends to further suppress the voltage overshoot and reduce the power loss). Furthermore, analysis of the auxiliary circuit power loss and the improved output voltage overshoot has been conducted as a design guideline. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the proposed scheme on a 12V-1.5V 10A Buck converter prototype.
Wireless Sensor Networking, Automation Technologies and Machine to Machine Developments on the Path to the Internet of Things (2012)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has been heralded as the next major development to be realized throughout the Internet portfolio of technologies. IoT is understood to bring along multiple technological challenges. These should not be considered in isolation, since IoT is characterized by the introduction of machine to machine applications with no or minimal human involvement, and the high pervasiveness of the technological artefacts realizing it. The technological developments shaping the IoT vision are manifesting in multiple economic sectors, including computing, telecommunications, construction and logistics---to name a few. Among the various technological developments supporting the IoT, wireless networking, embedded computing and scalable computation through virtualization are considered the key driving forces for transforming the IoT vision into reality. Herein we present the IoT vision and elaborate on key technological developments in these pivotal thematic areas. We conclude the paper with insights drawn from this survey of technological developments and sketch out directions for future research.