gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Linkable Highly Fluorinated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketones/Sulfones) for Optical Waveguiding Applications (2005)

Novel cross-linkable, highly fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketones/sulfones) have been prepared by copolycondensation reactions of perfluorinated aromatic ketone/sulfone with 4,4‘-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol and a tetrafluorostyrol-containing bisphenol (i.e., 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-1-phenyl 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorostyrol ether). The reactions were conducted at low temperature in the presence of calcium hydride and cesium fluoride. The resulting polymers have number-average molecular weights in the range of 25 000−36 000, excellent solubilities in common organic solvents, high glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the region of 150−185 °C, and good thermal stabilities (Td up to 480 °C). Tough, flexible, and transparent thin films of these polymers can be readily prepared by both solution casting and spin-coating. By adjusting the feed ratio of monomers, the refractive index and cross-linking density of the polymers can be readily controlled. Cross-linking of these polymers has been demonstrated by both thermal heating and UV irradiation. The cross-linked polymer thin films exhibit low optical loss (∼0.5 dB/cm) and low birefringence (∼2 × 10-3) at 1550 nm, demonstrating that they are promising candidates for optical waveguide materials.
Application of Ionic Liquids to Li Batteries (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Safety Aspects of the Li-Ion Battery and the Advantages of use of Ionic Liquids Some Examples for Applications To Li-Ion Batteries Summary and Future View References
Code-modulated interferometric imaging system using phased arrays (2016)

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) imaging provides compelling capabilities for security screening, navigation, and bio- medical applications. Traditional scanned or focal-plane mm-wave imagers are bulky and costly. In contrast, phased-array hardware developed for mass-market wireless communications and automotive radar promise to be extremely low cost. In this work, we present techniques which can allow low-cost phased-array receivers to be reconfigured or re-purposed as interferometric imagers, removing the need for custom hardware and thereby reducing cost. Since traditional phased arrays power combine incoming signals prior to digitization, orthogonal code-modulation is applied to each incoming signal using phase shifters within each front-end and two-bit codes. These code-modulated signals can then be combined and processed coherently through a shared hardware path. Once digitized, visibility functions can be recovered through squaring and code-demultiplexing operations. Pro- vided that codes are selected such that the product of two orthogonal codes is a third unique and orthogonal code, it is possible to demultiplex complex visibility functions directly. As such, the proposed system modulates incoming signals but demodulates desired correlations. In this work, we present the operation of the system, a validation of its operation using behavioral models of a traditional phased array, and a benchmarking of the code-modulated interferometer against traditional interferometer and focal-plane arrays.
Dde as a Protecting Group for Carbohydrate Synthesis (2006)

Oligosaccharide synthesis using aminosugars requires the presence of a suitable amino protecting group. A number of protecting groups are currently used, and while many display favorable properties, most agents available still suffer from certain disadvantages. This report details the use of a hydrazine labile aminosugar protecting group, N‐[1‐(4,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dioxocyclohex‐1‐ylidene)ethyl] (Dde), which can be introduced and removed in a facile and cost‐effective manner.
Multichannel audio rendering using amplitude panning [DSP Applications] (2008)

Spatial audio is a field that investigates techniques to reproduce spatial attributes of sound (e.g., direction, distance, width of sound sources, and room envelopment) to the listener. Such attributes cannot be reproduced accurately with one loudspeaker, therefore two-channel stereophony was introduced, later extended to different surround formats having five to eight loudspeakers. An even more accurate reproduction of spatial attributes can be achieved with loudspeaker setups often found in theaters and in some public venues, which contain a large number of loudspeakers around listeners, possibly also above and/or below them.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>LukAB cytotoxin kills human neutrophils by targeting the CD11b subunit of the integrin Mac-1 (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus causes diseases ranging from superficial wound infections to more invasive manifestations like osteomyelitis and endocarditis. The evasion of host phagocytes recruited to the site of infection is essential to the success of S. aureus as a pathogen. A single S. aureus strain can produce up to five different bicomponent pore-forming leukotoxins that lyse immune cells by forming pores in the cellular plasma membrane. Although these leukotoxins have been considered redundant due to their cytotoxic activity toward human neutrophils, each toxin displays varied species and cell-type specificities. This suggests that cellular factors may influence which cells each toxin targets. Here we describe the identification of CD11b, the α subunit of the αM/β2 integrin (CD11b/CD18), macrophage-1 antigen, or complement receptor 3, as a cellular receptor for leukocidin A/B (LukAB), an important toxin that contributes to S. aureus killing of human neutrophils. We demonstrate that CD11b renders human neutrophils susceptible to LukAB-mediated killing by purified LukAB as well as during S. aureus infection ex vivo. LukAB directly interacts with human CD11b by binding to the I domain, a property that determines the species specificity exhibited by this toxin. Identification of a LukAB cellular target has broad implications for the use of animal models to study the role of LukAB in S. aureus pathogenesis, explains the toxin's tropism toward human neutrophils and other phagocytes, and provides a cellular therapeutic target to block the effect of LukAB toward human neutrophils.
Identification of drugs in physiological fluids following on-line liquid chromatographic purification and analysis. (1991)

This paper describes the application of an automated algorithm for drug identification following the liquid chromatographic on-line separation and purification of drugs in physiological fluids. Two hundred fifty-seven (257) drugs and 45 drug metabolites were assembled for testing. Two internal standards were used which monitored different columns in the multi-step analytical separation. Retention reproducibility over a nine month period was 4 p. cent or less for most drugs. The algorithm for matching unknown peaks against the stored library utilized relative retention, lambda maxima, normalized spectral overlays, wavelength ratios and zero-intercepts from the second derivative in a combined forward-reverse search. Most of the drugs which could not be unambiguously identified were sedatives which eluted in the first minutes of the chromatogram. Diasteromers were partially resolved. Repetitive analysis of 200-400 micrograms/l of amphetamine, diphenhydramine, imipramine and morphine were evaluated to establish an absorption cutoff of 12 mAbs, above which at least 95% of peaks were correctly identified. This corresponded to a signal-to-noise ratio of 12 for the scanning UV detector which was evaluated.
Electrochemical Performance of a Bismuth Fluoride Electrode in a Reserve-Type Fluoride Shuttle Battery (2017)

To expand the applications of secondary batteries, we have developed a new reserve-type fluoride shuttle battery (FSB) as a promising next-generation secondary battery candidate. For a FSB, a metal fluoride and an organic solvent are applied as the active material and electrolyte, respectively, and the dissolution and deposition of the active material facilitate the electrochemical reaction. In the present study, a new electrolyte for FSBs was developed and used to investigate the electrochemical properties of a BiF3 electrode. Dissolution of the active material and a supporting fluoride salt in the electrolyte is critical for FSBs; however, the solubility of metal fluorides and fluoride salts in organic solvents is very low. To increase the solubility, an anion acceptor was added to the organic solvent, which greatly increased the solubility of these components. Using this electrolyte, we succeeded in progressive discharge-charge cycling of the BiF3 electrode. The associated discharge-charge reactions were confirmed using XRD and SEM-EDX analyses.
Multicast DNS Discovery Relay (2018)

This document complements the specification of the Discovery Proxy for
Multicast DNS-Based Service Discovery. It describes a lightweight
relay mechanism, a Discovery Relay, which, when present on a link,
allows remote clients, not attached to that link, to perform mDNS
discovery operations on that link.
Bridged .gamma.-carbolines and derivatives possessing selective and combined affinity for 5-HT2 and D2 receptors (1993)

A series of 5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-7,10-iminocyclohept[b]indoles and 6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-7,11-imino-5H-cyclooct[b]indoles was prepared. Structural modifications of the lead compound, 11-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-7,10- iminocyclohept[b]indole (5, Ki = 0.82 nM vs [3H]ketanserin) enabled the identification of the functionality necessary for high affinity at serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine D2 receptors in ligand binding studies. The indole ring, as well as the benzoyl or isosteric benzisoxazole moiety, were essential for high affinity. Variations of the length of the side chains resulted in ligands having either selective affinity for the 5-HT2 receptor or a combination of 5-HT2 and D2 affinity. In vivo binding studies were performed on selected members in this series. The most potent member, 2-fluoro-11-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)butyl]-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-7,10- iminocyclohept[b]indole (36) had an ED50 of < 1 mg/kg at the 5-HT2 and D2 receptors following oral administration.
Multigrid and multilevel preconditioners for computational photography (2011)

This paper unifies multigrid and multilevel (hierarchical) preconditioners, two widely-used approaches for solving computational photography and other computer graphics simulation problems. It provides detailed experimental comparisons of these techniques and their variants, including an analysis of relative computational costs and how these impact practical algorithm performance. We derive both theoretical convergence rates based on the condition numbers of the systems and their preconditioners, and empirical convergence rates drawn from real-world problems. We also develop new techniques for sparsifying higher connectivity problems, and compare our techniques to existing and newly developed variants such as algebraic and combinatorial multigrid. Our experimental results demonstrate that, except for highly irregular problems, adaptive hierarchical basis function preconditioners generally outperform alternative multigrid techniques, especially when computational complexity is taken into account.
<title>Optimally smooth error resilient streaming of 3D wireframe animations</title> (2003)

Much research has been undertaken in the area of streaming video across computer networks in general and the Internet in particular, but relatively little has been undertaken in the field of streaming 3-D wireframe animation. Despite superficial similarities, both being visual media, the two are significantly different. Different data passes across the network so loss affects signal reconstruction differently. Regrettably, the perceptual effects of such loss have been poorly addressed in the context of animation to date and much of the work that there has been in this field has relied on objective measures such as PSNR in lieu of those that take subjective effects into account. In this paper, we bring together concepts from a number of fields to address the problem of how to achieve optimal resilience to errors in terms of the perceptual effect at the receiver. To achieve this, we partition the animation stream into a number of layers and apply Reed-Solomon (RS) forward error correction (FEC) codes to each layer independently and in such a way as to maintain the same overall bitrate whilst minimizing the perceptual effects of error, as measured by a distortion metric derived from related work in the area of static 3-D mesh compression. Experimental results show the efficacy of our proposed scheme under varying network bandwidth and loss conditions for different layer partitionings. The results indicate that with the proposed Unequal Error Protection (UEP) combined with Error Concealment (EC) and efficient packetization scheme, we can achieve graceful degradation of streamed animations at higher packet loss rates than other approaches that do not cater for the visual importance of the layers and use only objective layering metrics. Our experiments also demonstrate how to tune the packetization parameters in order to achieve efficient layering with respect to the subjective metric of surface smoothness.
iCharge (2017)

Charging mobile devices "fast" has been the focus of both industry and academia, leading to the deployment of various fast charging technologies. However, existing fast charging solutions are agnostic of users' available time for charging their devices, causing early termination of the intended/planned charging. This, in turn, accelerates the capacity fading of device battery and thus shortens the device operation. In this paper, we propose a novel user-interactive charging paradigm, called iCharge, that tailors the device charging to the user's real-time availability and need. The core of iCharge is a relaxation-aware (R-Aware) charging algorithm that maximizes the charged capacity within the user's available time and slows down the battery's capacity fading. iCharge also integrates R-Aware with existing fast charging algorithms via a user-interactive interface, allowing users to choose a charging method based on their availability and need. We evaluate iCharge via extensive laboratory experiments and field-tests on Android phones, as well as user studies. R-Aware is shown to slow down the battery fading by more than 36% on average, and up to 60% in extreme cases, when compared to existing fast charging algorithms. This slowdown of capacity fading translates to, for instance, an up to 2-hour extension of the LTE time for a Nexus 5X phone after its use for 2 years, according to our trace-driven analysis of 976 device charging cases of 7 users over 3 months.
TH-D-213A-03: Physiological Validation of 4D-CT-Based Ventilation Imaging in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (2009)

Purpose: Four-dimensional (4D) CT-based pulmonary ventilation imaging is a new technique and has advantages in speed, resolution, cost and availability. However, the physiological accuracy has not been validated, especially for regional ventilation. The purpose of this study was to validate 4D-CT-based ventilation imaging by comparison with distribution and progression of emphysema. Method and Materials: The 4D-CT images were acquired for radiotherapy treatment planning purposes using the GE multislice PET/CT scanner with the Varian RPM system. Ventilation was evaluated for five patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer by calculating peak-inhale to peak-exhale displacement vector fields (DVFs), and then ventilation based on the Jacobian determinant of deformation. To derive DVFs, we used two fundamentally different deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms: surface-based registration (DIRs) and volume-based registration (DIRv), of which the geometric accuracy has been validated. The peak-inhale 4D-CT images were used for emphysema quantification. Emphysematous lungs were detected by the density masking technique. The 15th percentile point was used as a measure of emphysema progression. Results: There were large discrepancies between distributions of emphysema and ventilation, and between ventilation calculated by two different algorithms. The mean relative volumes of emphysema outside poor-ventilated lungs were 0.665 (range, 0.520–0.901) and 0.709 (range, 0.464–0.933) for DIRv and DIRv, respectively. There were very weak (−0.013) to strong (−0.763) negative correlations between emphysema progression and the mean ventilation. The use of an algorithm parameter with more or less elasticity for DIRv led to improved coverage of emphysema as well as correlations. Conclusion: This work represents the first physiological validation of 4D-CT-based ventilation imaging. Our results demonstrated large discrepancies between ventilation and emphysema. However, a trend toward negative correlation and effects of algorithm parameters indicated promise for this technique. Conflict of Interest: SK, JB, TK, TB and CL are employees of Philips Research Europe.
Polyanionic electrolytes with high alkali ion conductivity (2001)

We describe the synthesis of chain polymers that contain Lewis base or Lewis acid groups in the backbone that can then be reacted with acidic or basic groups to form polyanions with weak binding sites for alkali cations. We review both `base-in-chain' and `acid-in-chain' approaches to this type of polyanion. When the anionic groups are optimally separated, the conductivities of the polymers are found to be high relative to those of most single ionic conducting polymers and even most non-imide salt-in-polymer electrolytes. The concentration of ionic groups, can be varied using polyethylene glycol links (spacers) of variable length. The conductivity is found to maximize near the value which maximizes the conductivity in simple salt-in-fully amorphous polyether polymers (the number of the ethyleneoxy repeating unit n = 12). Finally a novel process, which achieves the same objective by a different route, will be described. This class of weakly coordinating polyanionic electrolyte, in which the coulomb traps for Li+ are little if at all stronger than the polyether chelation traps, is seen as a promising development in the solid polymer electrolyte field. Except for the case of `weak trap' acid-in-chain polymers, all these electrolytes are unicationic in their conduction.
Wavefront technology mapping (1999)

The wavefront technology mapping algorithm leads to a very simple and efficient implementation that elegantly decouples pattern matching and covering but circumvents that patterns have to be stored for the entire network simultaneously. This coupled with dynamic decomposition enables trade-off of many more alternatives than in conventional mapping algorithms.
Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin According to Frailty in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (2022)

AstraZeneca.
Highly efficient Cherenkov-type second harmonic generation in a Ta2O5/KTiOPO4 waveguide (1994)

Highly efficient Cherenkov-type second harmonic generation is investigated. The waveguide is composed of a KTiOPO4 substrate, a Ta2O5 thin-film core and a SiO2 clad in the strip-loaded configuration. The conversion efficiency strongly depends on the waveguide geometry, and it can be a maximum for a particular Ta2O5 film thickness with a Cherenkov angle of nearly 0°. This maximum efficiency is further increased by narrowing the waveguide width down to 1.8 μm. Consequently, a normalized conversion efficiency of 210%/W cm and a blue second harmonic power of 28 mW were achieved with the 4.5-mm-long waveguide.
Monitoring of Acute Wound Healing (2008)

Optical properties of wounds in hairless rats were assessed using DPDW methodology. An increase in absorption and scattering coefficients and a decrease in blood saturation was observed in wounds compared to control sites. Article not available.
Mixed fuel composition. [fuel oil, coal powder, and polymer] (1982)

A mixed fuel composition comprises (A) a fuel oil, (B) a coal powder having an (H)/(C) ratio according to the coalification band method in the range of 0.4-0.75 and an (O)/(C) ratio in the range of 0.09-0.18 and (C) a partially amidated copolymer obtained by reacting a copolymer of a polymerizable, unsaturated hydrocarbon and maleic anhydride with an aliphatic amine of 2-36 carbon-atoms or a salt thereof as a stabilizer.
Pulse rotation modulations for spread spectrum communication systems (2012)

Spread spectrum communication systems excel in their ability to provide enhanced security and channel sharing, yet they do so at the expense of data throughput provided to each individual user. This paper introduces an alternative modulation mechanism, pulse rotation modulation (PRM), for increasing the data throughput in wideband direct sequence or chaotic sequence code-based spread spectrum systems. The result employs a temporal rotation of the spread pulse within its own symbol duration, leading to higher data throughputs that can be throttled up/down as the channel and multiple access conditions permit. Challenges with signal synchronization, code orthogonality, and carrier-induced phase rotations/phase noise are discussed. A predictive model of receiver performance is validated with simulated AWGN-channel results; both are based on extrapolations from a measured hardware prototype that has implemented a small scale example of the PRM technique.
Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using a polymeric surfactant coating (2003)

Abstract A stable polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating was investigated for use in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (o‐CEC). In this approach, the PEM consisted of the cationic polymer of a quaternary ammonium salt, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and the anionic polymeric surfactant, poly(sodium undecylenic sulfate). Both the cationic and anionic polymers were physically adsorbed to the surface of a fused‐silica capillary by use of a simple coating procedure. This procedure involved an alternate rinse of the positively and negatively charged polymers. The performance of the PEM coating as a dynamic stationary phase was evaluated by use of electrochromatographic experiments and showed good selectivity for both phenols and benzodiazepines. Reproducibility of the PEM coating was also evaluated by calculating the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the electroosomotic flow (EOF). The run‐to‐run and capillary‐to‐capillary RSD values of the EOF were less than 1.5%. The endurance of the coating was more than 100 runs. The importance of the PEM coating was illustrated by comparing separations on a bare uncoated capillary with the coated capillary. In addition, the chromatographic performance using o‐CEC and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was compared for the separation of benzodiazepines.
A Novel in Situ Monitoring Method for Head/Media Contact (2007)

A new method to detect magnetic recording head/media contact point is introduced in this paper. By comparing it with a common method using an acoustic emission sensor, the new method is simple, but yet still effective enough to control fly high or clearance between head and disk so as to improve the performance of perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) at ultra-high density. The method can be easily implemented on head/disk spin-stand testers or in hard disk drives