gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forming-free HfO<inf>2</inf> bipolar RRAM device with improved endurance and high speed operation (2009)

In this paper, the bipolar resistive switching memory using HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film with a TiN/Ti bi-layer electrode is reported. A robust endurance (>106 cycles) and long data retention (>10 years at 200degC) of this memory device was achieved. The memory also shows fast operation speed (~10 ns), low operation power and capability of multi-level operation.
Combining Radiotherapy with APO010 in Cancer Treatment (2009)

Although APO010 and radiation had a clear combined cytotoxic effect on tumor cells in vitro, a combined therapeutic effect was not achieved on the same cells subcutaneously grafted in mice, at APO010 doses approximating the maximally tolerable level. These findings suggest that it will be difficult to identify a therapeutic window for this combined modality approach in a clinical setting.
Prediction of promiscuous T-cell epitopes in the Zika virus polyprotein: An in silico approach (2016)

The predicted conserved promiscuous T-cell epitopes examined in this study were reported for the first time and will contribute to the imminent design of Zika virus vaccine candidates, which will be able to induce a broad range of immune responses in a heterogeneous HLA population. However, our results can be verified and employed in future efficacious vaccine formulations only after successful experimental studies.
Effect of silicon-gate resistance on the frequency response of MOS transistors (1975)

A polycrystalline silicon gate has finite sheet resistivity, typically in the range of tens of ohms per square. The resulting gate resistance and the gate capacitance form a distributed RC network. The gate voltages appearing along this distributed network, hence, the summation drain current, is delayed from the input voltage applied to the contact pad(s). The delay of the distributed RC network is analyzed for both small and large signals. The analysis shows that when the RC time constant of the gate is comparable to the period of the signal, the frequency response is degraded. This time constant varies as the square of the gate width. For a gate width in the fractional millimeter range (typical of output MOS transistors in an integrated circuit), the time constant may be in the 100-ns range; for gate width in the 10-µ range, in the subnanosecond range.
Airport benchmarking: a review of the current situation (2005)

Abstract Purpose – To provide an overview of the current attitudes and practical experience of airport benchmarking. Design/methodology/approach – A range of benchmarking studies are critiqued. The paper considers the partial performance measures which are used from an economic, operational and environmental perspective. It also investigates more complex modelling approaches which have been undertaken to gain greater insight into an airport's overall performance. In addition an assessment is made of the role of benchmarking in airport regulation. Findings – The paper finds that benchmarking techniques have become well established in recent years within the airport sector. However there is still some way to go in overcoming some of the problems that inhibit effective benchmarking on a truly international basis. Research limitations/implications – The paper focuses on methodological issues and does not discuss the findings of research in this area. Practical implications – A very useful source of information for all researchers in academia and industry who wish to use airport benchmarking techniques. Originality/value – The paper provides a comprehensive and unique review of the benchmarking techniques currently in use for airports.
Decontamination of Terrorist-Dispersed Radionuclides from Surfaces in Urban Environments (2008)

Research is currently underway at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to advance the basic scientific knowledge of radionuclide-substrate interactions in the urban environment. Investigations have focused on more optimized decontamination agents for cesium (Cs) and americium (Am) specifically for use in mass transit infrastructure and urban environments. This project is designed to enhance the capability of the United States to effectively respond to a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) attack. The work addresses recognized data gaps by advancing the basic scientific knowledge of radionuclide-substrate interactions in the urban environment and provides a solution to a national need. The research is focused in four major areas: (1) a better understanding of urban surface conditions that influence the efficacy of decontamination processes, (2) development of prototype decontamination agents for Am and Cs optimized for use in urban environments, (3) the development of capabilities to realistically contaminate surfaces at both the real world and laboratory scale and (4) a validated model for radionuclide-surface interactions. The decontamination of urban surfaces following the detonation of an RDD presents a number of challenges. The following key points are found to be critical for the efficiency of decontamination agents in an urban environment: - Particle size and surfacemore » deposition of radionuclide particles on urban surface materials. - Interactions between radionuclides and urban materials. - The presence of grime and carbonation/alteration layers on the surface of urban surfaces. - Post-detonation penetration of radionuclides strongly affected by the dynamic wetting/drying processes. A laboratory scale contamination system has been developed allowing for samples to be contaminated and radionuclide interactions to be studied. In combination with laboratory scale experiments, a real scale outdoor test is scheduled for the spring of 2007. In conclusion, integrated laboratory, field, and numerical approaches are utilized to better understand the radionuclide behavior and the development/utility of decontamination agents.« less
Passive cancellation of common-mode noise in power electronic circuits (2003)

It is well known that common-mode (CM) conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) is caused by the common-mode current flowing through the parasitic capacitance of transistors, diodes, and transformers to ground in the power circuit. Because of the potential for interference with other systems it is necessary to attenuate this noise. Ordinarily this is accomplished by using a magnetic choke across the input power lines, resulting in penalties to the overall size and cost of the completed system. In order to lessen the requirement for this magnetic choke, there has been a desire to introduce noise cancellation techniques to the area of EMI. This text introduces a method of canceling the common-mode EMI by using a compensating transformer winding and a capacitor. Compared with other cancellation techniques, it is much simpler and requires no additional transistors and gate-drive circuitry since it merely adds a small copper winding and a small capacitor. By using this technique the size of the EMI filter can be reduced, especially for applications requiring high currents. In this paper, the new method for passive noise cancellation is applied to many popular converter and inverter topologies. The method, results, and ramifications of this technique are presented in order of appearance.
Translation-invariant propelinear codes (1997)

A class of binary group codes is investigated. These codes are the propelinear codes, defined over the Hamming metric space F/sup m/, F=(0, 1), with a group structure. Generally, they are neither Abelian nor translation-invariant codes but they have good algebraic and combinatorial properties. Linear codes and Z/sub 4/-linear codes can be seen as a subclass of propelinear codes. It is shown here that the subclass of translation-invariant propelinear codes is of type Z/sub 2//sup k1//spl oplus/Z/sub 4//sup k2//spl oplus/Q/sub 8/(k3) where Q/sub 8/ is the non-Abelian quaternion group of eight elements. Exactly, every translation-invariant propelinear code of length n can be seen as a subgroup of Z/sub 2//sup k1//spl oplus/Z/sub 4//sup k2//spl oplus/Q/sub 8//sup k3/ with k/sub 1/+2k/sub 2/+4k/sub 3/=n. For k/sub 2/=k/sub 3/=0 we obtain linear binary codes and for k/sub 1/=k/sub 3/=0 we obtain Z/sub 4/-linear codes. The class of additive propelinear codes-the Abelian subclass of the translation-invariant propelinear codes-is studied and a family of nonlinear binary perfect codes with a very simply construction and a very simply decoding algorithm is presented.
Observer‐Based Mixed<i>ℋ</i><sub>2</sub>/<i>ℋ</i><sub><i>∞</i></sub>Tracking Control for Continuous‐Time Systems with Integral Action and Pole Placement (2012)

The tracking problem for continuous‐time systems is investigated. It is assumed that the states of the systems are not available. An observer is firstly designed to estimate the states by using the ℋ ∞ method. The control action is consist of a state‐feedback control, an integral component, and a feedforward loop. The linear‐matrix‐inequality region is used to constrain the eigenvalue location for the closed‐loop systems. The control gains can be obtained by solving a sequence of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can guarantee the mixed ℋ 2 / ℋ ∞ performance for the closed‐loop systems.
Survey of Header Compression Techniques (2001)

NASA/TM---2001-211154 This report provides a summary of several different header compression techniques. The different techniques included are:  Van Jacobsons header compression [RFC1144]  SCPS header compression [SCPS-TP, SCPS-NP]  Robust header compression [ROHC]  The header compression techniques in [RFC2507] and [RFC2508] The methodology for compression and error correction for these schemes are described in the remainder of this document.
Catalysts for the production of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide and water (2023)

A method of converting low H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio syngas to carbonaceous products comprising reacting the syngas with water or steam at 200° to 350°C. in the presence of a metal catalyst supported on zinc oxide. Hydrocarbons are produced with a catalyst selected from cobalt, nickel or ruthenium and alcohols are produced with a catalyst selected from palladium, platinium, ruthenium or copper on the zinc oxide support. The ratio of the reactants are such that for alcohols and saturated hydrocarbons: and for olefinic hydrocarbons: where n is the number of carbon atoms in the product and x is the molar amount of water in the reaction mixture.
LDV Measurements and Investigation of Flow Field Through Radial Turbine Guide Vanes (1991)

The results of LDV measurements and investigation of the detailed flow field in a radial inflow turbine nozzle are presented. The flow velocities were measured at upstream, inside and downstream of the nozzle blades for two different mass flow rates, using a three-component LDV system. Results are presented as contour plots of mean velocities, flow angles, and turbulence intensities. The flow field inside the nozzle blade passages was found to be influenced by the upstream scroll geometry. The flow turbulence increased in the downstream flow direction. The LDV mean flow results on the blade-to-blade midspan plane which is parallel to the end walls were also compared with an inviscid, “panel method” solution.
Detecting no-sleep energy bugs using reference counted variables (2018)

Mobile devices have become pervasive in today's society. The range of their use has been constantly increasing, which requires more computing capability. As the computing capability of mobile devices grow, so does the need for effective power management. There has been some work on reducing the power consumption of mobile applications by detecting energy bugs. In this work, we address no-sleep energy bugs with respect to semaphore wakelocks in consideration of race conditions with synchronization using reaching definitions and parallel flow graphs. We demonstrate the approach through a case example.
CFTR mediates electrogenic chloride secretion in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-K2) cells (1995)

Previously we demonstrated that the inner medullary collecting duct cell line mIMCD-K2 secretes Cl- by an electrogenic mechanism [N. L. Kizer, B. Lewis, and B. A. Stanton. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 37): F347-F355, 1995; N. L. Kizer, D. Vandorpe, B. Lewis, B. Bunting, J. Russell, and B. A. Stanton. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 37): F854-F861, 1995]. The goal of the present study was to characterize the Cl- channel responsible for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated Cl- secretion. To this end, using the patch-clamp technique, we measured Cl- currents. In whole cell patch-clamp experiments, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cAMP) activated Cl- currents that were time and voltage independent, inhibited by diphenylamine 2-carboxylate (DPC), and had a linear current-voltage (I-V) relation. In cell-attached patches of the apical membrane, we identified 7-pS Cl- channels that were stimulated by CPT-cAMP. In inside-out patches with Cl- in the pipette and bath solutions, Cl- currents had a linear I-V relation. The halide permeability sequence was PCl = PBr > PI. The Cl- channel inhibitors DPC, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid, and glibenclamide blocked the 7-pS Cl- channel, whereas 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid was ineffective. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we isolated a partial cDNA clone encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in mIMCD-K2 cells. We conclude that cAMP stimulates electrogenic Cl- secretion in inner medullary collecting duct cells by activating cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channels.
Game-Theoretic Approach for Temperature-Aware Frequency Assignment with Task Synchronization on MP-SoC (2008)

Multiprocessor system-on-chip composed of several processing elements will be integrated in embedded systems handling multiple applications with diverse constraints. In order to improve the system performance and temperature profile, dynamic voltage frequency scaling can be applied at processor level. In this article we study an existing approach based on Game Theory, which adjusts at run-time the frequency of each processor. It aims at reducing the tile temperature while maintaining the synchronization between tasks of the application graph. We present a technique to improve the convergence of the algorithm. Our results show that 100% of scenarios converge to a solution. The optimization quality is studied in a test-case where the temperature profile and task synchronization results are compared to an off line optimization method showing similar results.
Synthesis of Cationic Antimicrobial β<sup>2,2</sup>-Amino Acid Derivatives with Potential for Oral Administration (2011)

We have prepared a series of highly potent achiral cationic β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives that fulfill the Lipinski's rule of five and that contain the basic structural requirements of short cationic antimicrobial peptides. Highest antimicrobial potency was observed for one of the smallest β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (M(w) 423.6) exhibiting a MIC of 3.8 μM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and Staphylococcus aureus, and 7.7 μM against Escherichia coli. The β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives were shown to have similar absorption properties as several commercially available drugs, and the results implied a resembling membrane disrupting mechanism of action as reported for much larger cationic antimicrobial peptides. By their high potency, nontoxicity, absorption properties, and ease of synthesis, the β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives demonstrate a way to modify a vastly investigated class of cationic antimicrobial peptides into small drug-like molecules with high commercial potential.
Development of a phase change material (PCM)-based thermal switch (2017)

A thermal switch is an ON/OFF heat transfer control device which can be utilised in different modern fields such as cryogenics, solar energy systems, micro/nano-electronic cooling, the aerospace industry and building energy efficiency. In this study, paraffin wax is used to design and build a thermal switch based on phase change material (PCM). When the paraffin wax is heated and melts, one contact plate is pushed to make contact with another plate to turn the switch ON due to the pushing force generated by the volume expansion of the paraffin wax. Conversely, when the paraffin wax does not get enough heat to melt, the condition of the thermal switch is in the OFF state due to an air gap between the two plates. The ON/OFF thermal conductance ratio of the thermal switch is the major figure of merit and is investigated experimentally. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity of the PCM-based thermal switch in the ON state is recorded at 188.7 W/mK, while 6.2 W/mK is obtained in the OFF state. Therefore, the ON/OFF thermal conductance ratio is estimated at about 30.
A robot on the shoulder: Coordinated human-wearable robot control using Coloured Petri Nets and Partial Least Squares predictions (2014)

A wearable robot secured on the shoulder of a human is developed for assisting its wearer in the execution of tasks in the overhead workspace. Installing a ceiling panel is an example of such a task. During this task the robot can hold the panel or collaborate actively with the human in order to fix the panel with the appropriate equipment. This wearable robot, termed "Supernumerary Robotic Limbs", works closely with the human to streamline the operation and reduce the human workload. First, the design concept of the Robot-on-the-Shoulder system is described, and a new approach to the coordinated control between the wearable robot and the human is presented. A graphical task process representation based on Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) is used to model the concurrent and distributed nature of the human-robot system, which comprises two human hands and two robot hands. The CPN framework is then extended to a type of hybrid control system by imbedding local dynamic controllers in the Transition nodes of the CPN model. Each local dynamic controller collects sensor signals relevant to the target transition and makes a predictive control decision. This allows the robot on the shoulder to take a proactive and preemptive action as well as to confirm a successful Transition. The control parameters for these algorithms are tuned based on "teaching-by-showing" techniques using human demonstration data. Partial Least Squares is used for extracting significant sensor signals from high-dimensional sensor data in order to do real time predictions and control. A prototype robot-on-the-shoulder system is built, and the CPN hybrid control is implemented and tested for a ceiling panel installation task.
iPaaS: Different Ways of Thinking (2012)

The concept of iPaaS is in its infancy, and very few vendors and users even recognize the term. Some see iPaaS as an evolution of integration as a service, which has been widely adopted for cloud services integration. Another point of view presents iPaaS as an emerging form of delivering application and data integration capabilities, consolidating multiple cloud services in a suite aimed at the integration and governance of any combination of on-premises and off-premises applications, within or across organizations. The iPaaS is designed to act in the middle and help connect to a number of services across the layers. Issues come from the convergence and consolidation process toward iPaaS, which will be turbulent. Many providers will disappear; in the race to leadership, vendors will bring to market immature technologies; some mergers and acquisitions will fail; some vendors will not be able to effectively scale up their platforms to support large cloud workloads; and other vendors will struggle to provide quality support to a growing number of clients.
Use of variables data reporting for optical fiber monitoring (2003)

The use of variables data reporting as a technique to monitor optical fiber quality and the optical fiber manufacturing process' quality improvement is discussed. It is shown that this method will reduce the sampling required by the optical fiber cabler while providing a more active defect prevention tool. A major part of this system is the determination and constant monitoring of the test equipment repeatability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self‐Assembly of a Micelle Structure from Graft and Diblock Copolymers: An Example of Overcoming the Limitations of Polyions in Drug Delivery (2006)

Abstract A novel mixed micelle with a multifunctional core and shell is successfully prepared from a graft copolymer, poly( N ‐isopropyl acrylamide‐ co ‐methacrylic acid)‐ g ‐poly( d,l ‐lactide) (P(NIPAAm‐ co ‐MAAc)‐ g ‐PLA) and two diblock copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)‐ b ‐poly( d,l ‐lactide) and poly (2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐ b ‐poly( d,l ‐lactide). This nanostructure completely screens the highly negative charges of the graft copolymer and exhibits multifunctionality because it has a specialized core/shell structure. An example of this micelle structure used in intracellular drug delivery demonstrates a strong relationship between drug release and the functionality of the mixed micelle. Additionally, the efficiency of the screening feature is also displayed in the cytotoxicities; mixed micelles exhibit higher drug activity and lower material cytotoxicity than micelles from P(NIPAAm‐ co ‐MAAc)‐ g ‐PLA ([NIPAAm]/[MAAc]/[PLA] = 84:5.9:2.5 mol/mol) copolymer. This study not only presents a new micelle structure generated using a graft–diblock copolymer system, but also elucidates concepts upon which the preparation of a multifunctional micelle from a graft copolymer with a single (or many) diblock copolymer(s) can be based for applications in drug delivery.
Probabilistic Models for Ad Viewability Prediction on the Web (2017)

Online display advertising has becomes a billion-dollar industry, and it keeps growing. Advertisers attempt to send marketing messages to attract potential customers via graphic banner ads on publishers' webpages. Advertisers are charged for each view of a page that delivers their display ads. However, recent studies have discovered that more than half of the ads are never shown on users' screens due to insufficient scrolling. Thus, advertisers waste a great amount of money on these ads that do not bring any return on investment. Given this situation, the Interactive Advertising Bureau calls for a shift toward charging by viewable impression, i.e., charge for ads that are viewed by users. With this new pricing model, it is helpful to predict the viewability of an ad. This paper proposes two probabilistic latent class models (PLC) that predict the viewability of any given scroll depth for a user-page pair. Using a real-life dataset from a large publisher, the experiments demonstrate that our models outperform comparison systems.
Adaptive response of resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy (2020)

Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine, the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality. Upon treatment with chemotherapeutics, the disruption of homeostasis in cancer cells triggers the adaptive response which has emerged as a key resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic studies investigating the three major components of the adaptive response, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, and senescence, in response to cancer chemotherapy. We will discuss the development of potential cancer therapeutic strategies in the context of these adaptive resistance mechanisms, with the goal of stimulating research that may facilitate the development of effective cancer therapy.