gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Matters Reflection on User Defined Social Prioritization (2014)

Online social networking becomes an integral part of our everyday life and thus, social computing is get- ting huge attention in these years. One of the areas of social computing is to understand humans' social or tie strength by observing measurable social interactions. Thanks to today's communication and social media services that open tremendous opportunities for communicating through electronic media, such as through mobile phone calls, SMS, emails, or social media tools. That has made it possible to automatically measure and predict human's social strength. The social strength is defined as a metric that represents the tie strength of the relation between persons, calculated based on the frequency, duration, context and media type of the electronic communication be- tween the persons. For example, a family relation is generally considered to be stronger than a relation between coworkers in our society, but the strength of the relation is intrinsic and have been cumbersome to measure. This paper thus presents reflection of user- defined ranking of social prioritization in comparison with machine defined social strength. The study found that there is significant difference in results between the algorithmic and the user-defined strength ranking, which indicates the inability of the algorithms to capture intrinsic knowledge (such as the importance of family bonds and non-electronic interaction). This would mean that the participants' ranking was colored by their interaction in real-life. This study also found several implications, in which diverse source and volume of interaction data are considered as key performance issues for algorithmic strength ranking.
Array Division by Optical Computing (1985)

The theory of feedback, shows that when a feedback system has a loop gain Aβ much larger than unity, the transfer function O/I of the system is almost entirely governed by the elements β contained in the feedback branch. The output "O" is thus the ratio of "I" to "β". One could translate this operation to an optical two-dimensional division system by replacing I by a "numerator array" and β by a "denominator array".
The Design of High-Throughput Asynchronous Pipelines (2001)

Clocked or synchronous design has traditionally been used for nearly all digital systems. However, it is now facing significant challenges as clock rates reach several GigaHertz, chip sizes increase, and the demand for low power and modular design become paramount. An alternative paradigm is clockless or asynchronous design, which has several potential advantages towards meeting these challenges. This thesis focuses on the design of very high-speed asynchronous systems. A more specific focus of this thesis is on high-throughput asynchronous pipelines, since pipelining is at the heart of most high-performance systems. This thesis contributes four new asynchronous pipeline styles: 'lookahead,' 'high-capacity,' 'MOUSETRAP' and 'dynamic GasP' pipelines. The styles differ from each other in many aspects, such as protocols, storage capacity, implementation style, and timing assumptions. The new styles are capable of multi-GigaHertz throughputs in today's silicon technology (e.g., 0.13-0.18 micron), yet each style has a simple implementation. High throughputs are obtained through efficient pipelining of systems at a fine granularity, though the pipeline styles are also useful for coarser-grain applications. The basic pipeline styles are extended to address several issues that arise in practice while designing real-world systems. In particular, the styles are generalized to handle a greater variety of architectures (e.g., datapaths with forks and joins), and to robustly interface with arbitrary-speed environments. Finally, the approaches of this thesis are validated by designing and fabricating real VLSI subsystems, including: simple FIFO's, pipelined adders, and an experimental digital FIR filter chip. All chips were tested to be fully functional; throughputs of over 2.4 GHz for the FIFO's, and up to 1.3 GHz for the FIR filter, were obtained in an IBM 0.18 micron technology.
Synthesis of perfluoropolyethers by direct fluorination; a novel preparation for perfluoro(polypropylene oxide) ethers and perfluoro(polymethylene oxide) ethers (1981)

A new synthetic method has been developed for preparation of perfluoro(polypropylene oxide) ethers and perfluoro(polymethylene oxide) ethers by direct fluorination of polypropylene oxide and polymethylene oxide. A number of new ethers are reported and characterized by 19F n.m.r., mass spectrometry, and i.r. spectroscopy.
Holistic entity matching across knowledge graphs (2015)

Entity matching is the problem of determining if two entities in a data set refer to the same real-world object. In the last decade a growing number of large-scale knowledge bases have been created online. Tools for automatically aligning these sources would make it possible to unify them in a structured knowledge and to answer complex queries. Here we present Holistic Entity Matching (HolisticEM), an algorithm based on Personalized Page Rank for aligning instances in large knowledge bases. It consists of two steps. First, a graph of potential matching pairs is constructed; second, local and global information from the relationship graph is propagated via Personalized Page Rank. We demonstrate that HolisticEM performs competitively and can efficiently handle databases with 110M and 203M entities accurately resolving 1.6M of matching entity pairs.
Caching architectures and optimization strategies for IPTV networks (2008)

This paper looks at the issue of optimization for caching architectures for Internet Protocol (IP) router networks for unicast video. There are several optimization challenges when designing caching architectures. These include where the caches should be located, how much memory is needed per cache, which services should be cached where, and whether hierarchical or single level caching should be used. This paper investigates topology issues and the difficulty of caching long tail content. We propose some solutions to cache architecture optimization and partitioning and look at the issue of caching long tail content.
Sputtered Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films with Zero Resistivity at 98 K (1988)

Superconducting Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O thin films were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering from a sintered Tl 3 Ca 2 Ba 2 Cu 3 O x target. After post-annealing, films grown on (100) MgO substrates exhibited the best superconducting properties with an onset temperature as high as 110 K and zero resistivity at 98 K. No resistive tails were observed at measuring current densities of 0.5–5 A/cm 2 . X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the major phase of the films is Tl 2 Ca 1 Ba 2 Cu 2 O x .
Comb-Assisted Cyclostationary Analysis of Wideband RF Signals (2017)

Signals arising in nearly all disciplines, including telecommunications, mechanics, biology, astronomy, and nature are generally modulated, carrying corresponding signatures in both the temporal and spectral domains. This fact was long recognized by cyclostationary and cumulant analysis, providing qualitatively better means to separate stochastic from deterministically modulated radiation. In contrast to simple spectral analysis, the cyclostationary technique provides a high level of spectral discrimination, allowing for considerable signal selectivity even in the presence of high levels of background noise and interference. When performed with sufficient resolution, cyclostationary analysis also provides the ability for signal analysis and classification. Unfortunately, these advantages come at a cost of large computational complexity posing fundamental detection challenges. In the case of modern ultrawideband signals, the requirements for persistent cyclostationary analysis are considerably beyond the processing complexity of conventional electronics. Recognizing this limit, we report a new photonically assisted cyclostationary analyzer that eliminates the need for high-bandwidth digitization and real-time Fourier processors. The new receiver relies on mutually coherent frequency combs used to generate a Fourier representation of the received signal in a computation-free manner. With the advent of practical, cavity-free optical frequency combs, the complexity for cyclostationary analysis can be greatly reduced, paving a path toward persistent wideband cyclostationary analysis in an ultrawideband operating regime.
An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan Engine Thrust Estimation (2005)

A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs such as thrust. The engine’s performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends upon knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined which accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters’ ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics.
SbCOMT (Bmr12) is involved in the biosynthesis of tricin-lignin in sorghum (2017)

Lignin in plant biomass represents a target for engineering strategies towards the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. In addition to the conventional lignin monomers, namely p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols, tricin has been shown to be part of the native lignin polymer in certain monocot species. Because tricin is considered to initiate the polymerization of lignin chains, elucidating its biosynthesis and mechanism of export to the cell wall constitute novel challenges for the engineering of bioenergy crops. Late steps of tricin biosynthesis require two methylation reactions involving the pathway intermediate selgin. It has recently been demonstrated in rice and maize that caffeate O-methyltransferase (COMT) involved in the synthesis syringyl (S) lignin units derived from sinapyl alcohol also participates in the synthesis of tricin in planta. In this work, we validate in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) that the O-methyltransferase responsible for the production of S lignin units (SbCOMT / Bmr12) is also involved in the synthesis of lignin-linked tricin. In particular, we show that biomass from the sorghum bmr12 mutant contains lower level of tricin incorporated into lignin, and that SbCOMT can methylate the tricin precursors luteolin and selgin. Our genetic and biochemical data point toward a general mechanism whereby COMT is involved in the synthesis of both tricin and S lignin units.
A case study of multiservice, multipriority traffic engineering design for data networks (2003)

We present techniques, some of which are novel, for traffic engineering in QoS-supported data networks, and also illustrate the application of these techniques in a case study. In the interest of scalability all these techniques use multicommodity flow (MCF) solution techniques as primitives. The techniques address the design of topology and size of explicit routes in MPLS-supported IP networks and VPNs. The techniques are for network-wide optimization subject to constraints on routing imposed by end-to-end QoS and other considerations. The notion of admissible route sets specific to service class and source-destination pair is used to differentiate QoS constraints on real-time services, such as Internet telephony and video, and relatively delay insensitive services, such as premium data. Contrasting optimization techniques are given for services, such as best effort, for which no restriction on routes are imposed. Another important traffic engineering requirement addressed is priorities, for which an efficient and accurate design technique is given.
Quantifying the effects of UV-A/riboflavin crosslinking on the elastic anisotropy and hysteresis of the porcine cornea by noncontact optical coherence elastography (2017)

The collagen fibril orientation of the cornea can provide critical information about cornea tissue health because diseases such as keratoconus and therapeutic interventions such as UV-A/riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) can alter the ultrastructural arrangement of collagen fibrils. Here, we quantify the elastic anisotropy and hysteresis of in situ porcine corneas as a function of intraocular pressure (IOP) with noncontact optical coherence elastography. Moreover, the effects of UV-A riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking on the elastic anisotropy and hysteresis were evaluated. The propagation of an air-pulse induced elastic wave was imaged at stepped meridional angles by a home built phasestabilized swept source OCE system. The stiffness of the cornea was translated from the velocity of the wave, and the elastic anisotropy was quantified by modifying the planar anisotropy coefficient. As the IOP increased, the stiffness of the corneas increased from ~18 kPa at 15 mmHg IOP to ~ 120 kPa at 30 mmHg IOP. While there was a measureable hysteresis, it was not significant. After CXL, the Young’s modulus of the corneas significantly increased from ~18 kPa to ~44 kPa at 15 mmHg IOP. The mechanical anisotropy also increased significantly from ~10 a.u. in the untreated corneas to ~23 a.u. in the CXL treated corneas, 15 mmHg IOP. However, CXL did not change the elastic anisotropic orientation, and the mechanical anisotropic hysteresis was not significant after CXL.
A Shape Memory Alloy Based Cryogenic Thermal Conduction Switch (2004)

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) can produce large strains when deformed (e.g., up to 8%). Heating results in a phase transformation and associated recovery of all the accumulated strain. This strain recovery can occur against large forces, resulting in their use as actuators. Thus an SMA element can integrate both sensory and actuation functions, by inherently sensing a change in temperature and actuating by undergoing a shape change as a result of a temperature‐induced phase transformation. Two aspects of our work on cryogenic SMAs are addressed here. First — a shape memory alloy based cryogenic thermal conduction switch for operation between dewars of liquid methane and liquid oxygen in a common bulkhead arrangement is discussed. Such a switch integrates the sensor element and the actuator element and can be used to create a variable thermal sink to other cryogenic tanks for liquefaction, densification, and zero boil‐off systems for advanced spaceport applications. Second — fabrication via arc‐melting and subsequent materials testing of SMAs with cryogenic transformation temperatures for use in the aforementioned switch is discussed.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> characterization of designed immunogens derived from the CD-helix of the stem of influenza hemagglutinin (2013)

The conserved "stem" domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and a potential vaccine antigen for induction of hetero-subtypic protection. The epitope of 12D1, a previously reported bnAb neutralizing several H3 subtype influenza strains, was putatively mapped to residues 76-106 of the CD-helix, also referred to as long alpha helix (LAH) of the HA stem. A peptide derivative consisting of wt-LAH residues 76-130 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was previously shown to confer robust protection in mice against challenge with influenza strains of subtypes H3, H1, and H5 which motivated the present study. We report the design of multiple peptide derivatives of LAH with or without heterologous trimerization sequences and show that several of these are better folded than wt-LAH. However, in contrast to the previous study immunization of mice with wt-LAH resulted in negligible protection against a lethal homologous virus challenge, while some of the newly designed immunogens could confer weak protection. Combined with structural analysis of HA, our data suggest that in addition to LAH, other regions of HA are likely to significantly contribute to the epitope for 12D1 and will be required to elicit robust protection. In addition, a dynamic, flexible conformation of isolated LAH peptide may be required for eliciting a functional anti-viral response.
Genetic Organization of the <i>mecA</i> Region in Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Strains of <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i> (1998)

A homolog of the Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance gene mecA was recently shown to be ubiquitous in independent isolates of the animal species Staphylococcus sciuri. The mecA gene homolog and regions flanking it were cloned and sequenced from four strains of S. sciuri: strain K1 (ATCC 29062), a representative of S. sciuri subsp. sciuri; two strains (K3 and K8) representing S. sciuri subsp. rodentius; and strain K11, a representative of S. sciuri subsp. carnaticum. Strains K1 and K11 were susceptible to methicillin, while strains K3 and K8 showed heterogeneous resistance. The mecA genes of strains K1 and K11 and one of the two copies of mecA (mecA1) present in strain K3 had virtually identical DNA sequences in the mecA gene and were similar in genetic organization in the flanking regions. In contrast, the single copy of mecA in strain K8 and the second copy of mecA (mecA2) in strain K3 had mecA DNA sequences identical to that of S. aureus mecA, and the mecA region in these two strains was also similar to that of the same region in the S. aureus strain used for comparison. Interestingly, an open reading frame defining an N-terminal truncated polypeptide, NTORF101, with a high degree of homology to a DNA segment in the hypervariable region of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (and also similar to the Escherichia coli gene ugpQ) was also identified downstream of the mecA homolog of strain K11, representing S. sciuri subsp. carnaticum. The ugpQ-like gene is not present in methicillin-susceptible strains of S. aureus. The presence of such a ugpQ-like gene together with the homolog of mecA in strain K11 supports the speculation that these genetic elements may be evolutionary relatives and/or precursors of the genetic determinant of methicillin resistance in S. aureus.
Thrust Augmentation of an Additively Manufactured Hybrid Rocket System Using Secondary H2O2 Injection (2019)

A hybrid rocket includes a housing having first and second ends, a solid-grain fuel material in the housing and defining a bore extending from end to end, two electrodes positioned adjacent to the fuel material to ignite the fuel material at the first end, a primary oxidizer port positioned at the first end to inject a primary oxidizer to flow in a downstream direction from the first end to the second end, a nozzle positioned at the second end and having a converging portion and a diverging portion, and a secondary oxidizer port to inject a secondary oxidizer downstream of the converging portion. The bore has a geometry configured to produce a hot-gas, fuel-rich mixture at the nozzle as the fuel material and primary oxidizer burn while flowing downstream. The diverging portion of the nozzle is configured to spontaneously combust the secondary oxidizer and the hot-gas, fuel-rich mixture.
Evaluation of a microwave tomography system for animal tissue imaging (2012)

A microwave tomography system comprising twenty-four dipole antennas is evaluated for imaging animal tissues. The tissue and antennas are immersed into different salt-water solutions. Three solutions, exploiting different amount of conductivities, are used as matching fluid and the data at different frequencies are collected. Quantitative images are successfully reconstructed. Various parts of the tissue are discernible and they agree with the dielectric measurements obtained directly by a dielectric probe.
A new planar feed for slot spiral antennas (1995)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21448/2/rl2425.0001.001.pdf
An activated form of ADAM10 is tumor selective and regulates cancer stem-like cells and tumor growth (2016)

The transmembrane metalloprotease ADAM10 sheds a range of cell surface proteins, including ligands and receptors of the Notch, Eph, and erbB families, thereby activating signaling pathways critical for tumor initiation and maintenance. ADAM10 is thus a promising therapeutic target. Although widely expressed, its activity is normally tightly regulated. We now report prevalence of an active form of ADAM10 in tumors compared with normal tissues, in mouse models and humans, identified by our conformation-specific antibody mAb 8C7. Structure/function experiments indicate mAb 8C7 binds an active conformation dependent on disulfide isomerization and oxidative conditions, common in tumors. Moreover, this active ADAM10 form marks cancer stem-like cells with active Notch signaling, known to mediate chemoresistance. Importantly, specific targeting of active ADAM10 with 8C7 inhibits Notch activity and tumor growth in mouse models, particularly regrowth after chemotherapy. Our results indicate targeted inhibition of active ADAM10 as a potential therapy for ADAM10-dependent tumor development and drug resistance.
Full chip leakage estimation considering power supply and temperature variations (2003)

Leakage power is emerging as a key design challenge in current and future CMOS designs. Since leakage is critically dependent on operating temperature and power supply, we present a full chip leakage estimation technique which accurately accounts for power supply and temperature variations. State of the art techniques are used to compute the thermal and power supply profile of the entire chip. Closed-form models are presented which relate leakage to temperature and VDD variations. These models coupled with the thermal and VDD profile are used to generate an accurate full chip leakage estimation technique considering environmental variations. The results of this approach are demonstrated on large-scale industrial designs.
Apodized UV-induced Gratings in Planar Waveguides for Compact Add-Drop Filters (1997)

Add-drop filters are key components for WDM communication systems. Filters with flat passbands, which can separate channels spaced by 100 GHz, are needed to allow many devices to be concatenated without decreasing the available channel bandwidth significantly. A Mach- Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with UV-induced gratings realized using planar waveguides [1] is an attractive architecture for creating an add-drop filter (see Fig. 1a). To increase the number of devices which can be fabricated on a common substrate, it is desirable to make the overall device as short as possible; however, requirements on the allowable channel crosstalk (typically -20 dB for adjacent channels and -30 dB between the dropped and added channels) places a lower limit on grating length. Previous work has demonstrated Gaussian profile gratings [2] which have sidelobes on the short wavelength side of the Bragg wavelength. A double filtering architecture was reported with a transmitted isolation of -40 dB over the drop channel width and a 3dB width of 1 nm [3]. Such an architecture increases the number of gratings needed for each channel and requires that the two grating passbands be identical or passband narrowing occurs.