gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cerebral gliomas by a new dark fluid sequence, high intensity REduction (HIRE): A preliminary study (2000)

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential of a new dark fluid sequence, high intensity reduction (HIRE) in the diagnostic workup of patients with cerebral gliomas. The HIRE sequence utilizes a very long T(2) value of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to suppress its high signal contribution in T(2)-weighted imaging by a image subtraction technique. Fifteen patients with histologically confirmed cerebral gliomas were examined with T(2)-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE), T(1)-weighted SE, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and HIRE imaging using identical scan parameters. In patients with enhancing lesions, fast FLAIR and HIRE were added to the contrast-enhanced T(1)-weighted SE images. Images were analyzed in a qualitative and quantitative evaluation. In the qualitative analysis, lesion detection, lesion delineation, and differentiation between enhancing and non-enhancing tumor tissue were assessed in a two-reader study. For the quantitative analysis, lesion-to-background and lesion-to-CSF contrast and contrast-to-noise ratios were determined in a region of interest analysis. HIRE achieved a significant reduction of the CSF signal without losing the high gray-to-white matter contrast of T(2)-weighted sequences. In the quantitative analysis, the contrast ratios of the HIRE images were lower compared with the FLAIR images due to a relatively high background and CSF signal. After administration of contrast media, HIRE images presented a significant signal increase in enhancing lesions, which subsequently increased the contrast and contrast-to-noise ratios. In the qualitative analysis, both readers found all tumors clearly delineated on HIRE imaging. Compared with T(2)-weighted FSE, the tumor delineation with HIRE was better in nine patients, equal in four patients, and less in one patient. Compared with the FLAIR images, HIRE was rated superior in three patients, equal in nine patients, and inferior in another three patients. Delineation of the enhancing tumor parts was possible with HIRE in all patients. HIRE images had significantly fewer image artifacts than FLAIR images due to reduced inflow effects. The T(2)-based HIRE sequence presented is an alternative to the T(1)-based FLAIR sequence, with the advantage of better gray-to-white matter contrast and shorter measurement time. Due to the subtraction technique, signal intensities from tissues with relaxation times in the range T(2 WM) < < T(2) < T(2 CSF) are also gradually affected, corresponding to their T(2) values. With respect to this unwanted effect, an improvement in HIRE imaging will be possible by using a self-weighted subtraction algorithm. In a forthcoming study this concept will first be tested on appropriate phantom fluids.
Analysis of Vector-ECG and Magneto-ECG Based on MCG Data (2007)

A method for obtaining the Magneto-ECG (M-ECG) from MCG Data was proposed by our previous research. In present paper, the related error of this method is analyzed by using a single current dipole model in simulation. The aim is to compare the calculated M-ECG with the recorded ECG and provide a simple method to estimate the myocardial current. Our result indicates that the calculated vector electrocardiogram (V-ECG) is available when an equivalent dipole is under the central area of detecting surface. Furthermore, a comparison of the calculated lead-II M-ECG and the synchronously recorded lead-II ECG is shown from 20 subjects.
Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (1992)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen for primary hepatocytes. Therefore, we examined HGF as a possible autocrine growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We introduced an albumin-HGF expression vector into Fao HCC cells and transgenic mice. Expression of the albumin-HGF vector in Fao HCC cells inhibited their growth in vitro. In vivo, FaoHGF cells produced tumors that averaged 10% of the sizes of G418-resistant controls when transplanted into nude mice. In contrast, hepatocytes from transgenic mice expressing HGF grew more rapidly than did those from normal siblings. Further, growth of eight additional HCC cell lines was inhibited by the addition of recombinant HGF. Finally, of 35 tumor cell lines surveyed, only 6 cell lines expressed HGF mRNA, and no HCC cell line expressed HGF. Although HGF stimulates normal hepatocytes, it is a negative growth regulator for HCC cells.
Palladium Mediated Formation of Bithiophenes (1989)

Abstract The palladium-catalyzed coupling of iodothiophenes and stannylthiophenes gave good yields of bithiophene derivatives. This versatile reaction is tolerant of numerous functional groups.
The past, present, and future of cancer incidence in the United States: 1975 through 2020 (2015)

Overall, the authors predict cancer incidence rates/risk to stabilize for the majority of the population; however, they expect the number of cancer cases to increase by >20%. A greater emphasis on primary prevention and early detection is needed to counter the effect of an aging and growing population on the burden of cancer.
Effects of a Supplementation during Exercise and Recovery (2007)

The present study was designed to investigate whether a protein hydrolysate enriched in branched chain amino acids and antioxidants, trace and mineral elements, and vitamins would affect performance and fatigue. Eighteen sportsmen underwent testing before and after 28 days supplementation with either treatment in protein hydrolysate or placebo. Testing included exhaustive aerobic and anaerobic exercises with determination of blood lactate concentration through exercise and recovery and antioxidant status, but also measurements of maximal oxidative capacity (V. (max)) and citrate synthase activity (CS) from a resting muscle biopsy. Protein hydrolysate resulted in a significant decrease in fatigue indices, without affecting performances. A significant increase in enzymatic antioxidant and a decrease in oxidative damage were observed at rest after treatment but not with a placebo. Decrease in maximal blood lactate and improvement of blood lactate removal were only observed after protein hydrolysate treatment. Furthermore, CS increased significantly, whereas no change was observed in V. (max). In conclusion, this protein hydrolysate treatment induced adaptations that may promote a decrease in fatigue during exercises, potentially explained by changes in parameters used to represent oxidative damage and antioxidant status at rest and changes in lactate metabolism.
Improved triple difference GPS carrier phase for RTK-GPS positioning (2011)

This paper will develop a new Global Positioning System (GPS) mono-frequency triple difference positioning technique. Initially presented in, this filter propose to use the carrier phase time-difference measurements as measurements. We use only the carrier phase measurements to free from multi-path effects on pseudo-ranges (typically in urban environment). This technique is an alternative to the floating ambiguity DGPS positioning. The difference is that, in triple-difference filtering, we do not estimate the carrier phase ambiguities terms and we deal with a classical colored Kalman filter. Similar technique has been used in. The main difference between their filter and our is, first, the noise modelisation (in our case the triple difference carrier phase noise is not considered as a brownian), and, secondly, our filter deal with classical correlated noises (we are not using delayed state observation model). We will apply the new filter on real dataset, and show that sub-decimetric noisy positioning is reached using this technique. Finally we will compare the results to ones obtained with classical Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning.
Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress (1999)

Handbook of plant and crop stress , Handbook of plant and crop stress , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Filter Bank Multicarrier Modulation Schemes for Future Mobile Communications (2017)

Future wireless systems will be characterized by a large range of possible uses cases. This requires a flexible allocation of the available time-frequency resources, which is difficult in conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Thus, modifications of OFDM, such as windowing or filtering, become necessary. Alternatively, we can employ a different modulation scheme, such as filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC). In this paper, we provide a unifying framework, discussion, and performance evaluation of FBMC and compare it with OFDM-based schemes. Our investigations are not only based on simulations, but are substantiated by real-world testbed measurements and trials, where we show that multiple antennas and channel estimation, two of the main challenges associated with FBMC, can be efficiently dealt with. In addition, we derive closed-form solutions for the signal-to-interference ratio in doubly-selective channels and show that in many practical cases, one-tap equalizers are sufficient. A downloadable MATLAB code supports reproducibility of our results.
Gas Generation and Migration in the Deep Basin of Western Canada (1984)

This publication documents the geology and techniques used to explore Elmworth, the largest gas accumulation in Canada. Elmworth is peculiar in that gas lies downdip from water although no impermeable barrier lies between.
General treatment of optical forces and potentials in mechanically variable photonic systems (2009)

We present an analytical formalism for the treatment of the forces and potentials induced by light in mechanically variable photonic systems (or optomechanically variable systems) consisting of linear media. Through energy and photon-number conservation, we show that knowledge of the phase and the amplitude response of an optomechanically variable system, and its dependence on the mechanical coordinate of interest, is sufficient to compute the forces produced by light. This formalism not only offers a simple analytical alternative to computationally intensive Maxwell stress-tensor methods, but also greatly simplifies the analysis of mechanically variable photonic systems driven by multiple external laser sources. Furthermore, we show, through this formalism, that a scalar optical potential can be derived in terms of the phase and amplitude response of an arbitrary optomechanically variable one-port system and in generalized optomechanically variable multi-port systems, provided that their optical response is variable through a single mechanical degree of freedom. With these simplifications, well-established theories of optical filter synthesis could be extended to allow for the synthesis of complex optical force and potential profiles, independent of the construction of the underlying device or its field distribution.
Real-Time Video Streaming Using Randomized Expanding Reed–Solomon Code (2013)

Forward error correction (FEC) codes are widely studied to protect streamed video over unreliable networks. Typically, enlarging the FEC coding block size can improve the error correction performance. For video streaming applications, this could be implemented by grouping more than one video frame into one FEC coding block. However, in this case, it leads to decoding delay, which is not tolerable for real-time video streaming applications. In this paper, to solve this dilemma, a real-time video streaming scheme using randomized expanding Reed-Solomon (RS) code is proposed. In this scheme, the RS coding block includes not only the video packets of the current frame, but could also include all the video packets of previous frames in the current group of pictures. At the decoding side, the parity-check equations of the current frame are jointly solved with all the parity-check equations of the previous frames. Since video packets of the following frames are not encompassed in the RS coding block, no delay will be caused for waiting for the video or parity packets of the following frames both at encoding and decoding sides. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms other real-time error resilient video streaming approaches significantly, specifically, for the Foreman sequence, the proposed scheme could provide 1.5 dB average gain over the state-of-the-art approach for 10% i.i.d. packet loss rate, whereas for the burst loss case, the average gain is more than 3 dB.MATLAB code of this paper is available for download at http://www.mmtlab.com.
The effects of hurricanes on birds, with special reference to Caribbean islands (1993)

Summary Cyclonic storms, variously called typhoons, cyclones, or hurricanes (henceforth, hurricanes), are common in many parts of the world, where their frequent occurrence can have both direct and indirect effects on bird populations. Direct effects of hurricanes include mortality from exposure to hurricane winds, rains, and storm surges, and geographic displacement of individuals by storm winds. Indirect effects become apparent in the storm's aftermath and include loss of food supplies or foraging substrates; loss of nests and nest or roost sites; increased vulnerability to predation; microclimate changes; and increased conflict with humans. The short-term response of bird populations to hurricane damage, before changes in plant succession, includes shifts in diet, foraging sites or habitats, and reproductive changes. Bird populations may show long-term responses to changes in plant succession as second-growth vegetation increases in storm-damaged old-growth forests. The greatest stress of a hurricane to most upland terrestrial bird populations occurs after its passage rather than during its impact. The most important effect of a hurricane s i the destruction of vegetation, which secondarily affects wildlife in the storm's aftermath. The most vulnerable terrestrial wildlife populations have a diet of nectar, fruit, or seeds; nest, roost, or forage on large old trees; require a closed forest canopy; have special microclimate requirements and/or live in a habitat in which vegetation has a slow recovery rate. Small populations with these traits are at greatest risk to hurricane-induced extinction, particularly if they exist in small isolated habitat fragments. Recovery of avian populations from hurricane effects is partially dependent on the extent and degree of vegetation damage as well as its rate of recovery. Also, the reproductive rate of the remnant local population and recruitment from undisturbed habitat patches influence the rate at which wildlife populations recover from damage.
Compensation of nonlinear distortion using a predistorter based on the fixed point approach in OFDM systems (2002)

We present a new design scheme of a predistorter to compensate for distortion introduced by nonlinear high power amplifiers (HPAs) employed in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Since the signal amplitude of the OFDM system is Rayleigh-distributed, the performance of the OFDM system is significantly degraded by the nonlinearity of the HPA in the OFDM transmitter. In order to mitigate this distortion, we develop a new data predistorter, which rests upon the fixed point approach associated with the contraction mapping theorem. With utilization of the proposed predistorter, we can significantly improve the performance of the OFDM system compared to that of the system without the predistorter in terms of the bit error rate. Furthermore, since the proposed predistorter utilizes an iterative method, its implementation is relatively simple.
Reduction in the evolution of murine type II collagen–induced arthritis by treatment with rosiglitazone, a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (2003)

These data demonstrate that rosiglitazone exerts an antiinflammatory effect on chronic inflammation and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage associated with CIA.
Neuronal death enhanced by <i>N</i> -methyl- <scp>d</scp> -aspartate antagonists (2000)

Glutamate promotes neuronal survival during brain development and destroys neurons after injuries in the mature brain. Glutamate antagonists are in human clinical trials aiming to demonstrate limitation of neuronal injury after head trauma, which consists of both rapid and slowly progressing neurodegeneration. Furthermore, glutamate antagonists are considered for neuroprotection in chronic neurodegenerative disorders with slowly progressing cell death only. Therefore, humans suffering from Huntington's disease, characterized by slowly progressing neurodegeneration of the basal ganglia, are subjected to trials with glutamate antagonists. Here we demonstrate that progressive neurodegeneration in the basal ganglia induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionate or in the hippocampus by traumatic brain injury is enhanced by N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists but ameliorated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate antagonists. These observations reveal that N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists may increase neurodestruction in mature brain undergoing slowly progressing neurodegeneration, whereas blockade of the action of glutamate at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptors may be neuroprotective.
Implicit Social Network Construction and Expert User Determination in Web Portals. (2008)

Especially within the context of the ongoing Web 2.0 hype, social software has recently gained more and more momentum. Social software is software that focuses on the interaction and collaboration between users being part of social networks. So far, most of these networks are constructed explicitly by users themselves. On the other hand Web Portals give users a central point of access to relevant information. They provide users with a highly collaborative environment, but, until now, required the users that interact and collaborate to know each other. As part of this work we present a system additionally able to construct social networks implicitly by observing users behavior in Web Portals. We aim to use the derived social networks to enhance interaction and collaboration within the community.
On-chip Thermal Sensor Placement (2023)

In the design of modern processors, thermal management has become one of the major challenges. Aggressive technology scaling and ever increasing demand for high performance VLSI circuits has resulted in higher current densities in the interconnect lines and increasingly higher power dissipation in the substrate. The importance of thermal effects on reliability and performance of integrated circuits increases as the technology advances. Thus a large number of thermal sensors are needed for accurate thermal mapping and thermal management.\nHowever, a rise in the number of the sensors might lead to large area cost and increase the complexity of routing. So to accurately calibrate the thermal gradients and reduce the area cost for thermal sensors, a systematic sensor distribution and allocation algorithm is essential. In this paper, we will first look into the existing thermal sensor placement techniques and add some further optimization technique to an existing temperature related algorithm.\nThen we will propose an algorithm based on the actual thermal gradient of the hotspots to determine the thermal sensor distribution on the microprocessors. The algorithm is designed to find the minimum number of sensors required and their correspondent locations while ensuring that all the calibrated temperatures’ deviation will be within a pre-determined error margin. We have used QT clustering algorithm to partition the hotspots and implemented a novel scheme for fast and efficient sensor location calculation. Our simulation is set on processor alpha21364, also known as EV6. Moreover, the anisotropic property of heat dissipation on chip is also considered.\nThe final piece of this work will lead to some thermal management techniques on chip given the knowledge of the thermal sensor distribution. An optimized monitor network on chip (MNoC) scheme is set up for the non-uniform distributed sensors returned by the proposed thermal sensor placement algorithm. Two different schemes are proposed and analyzed to address this problem.
[Effect of cultivation conditions on the functional activity of thyrocytes in the organ culture of the thyroid gland in newborn piglets]. (2001)

In new-born piglets' thyroid gland culture, thyrocytes were capable of synthesising thyroxine and triiodothyronine for over 12 days. A 48-hour decline of the medium pH to 6.45 did not affect further functional activity of the cells. Decrease in temperature to 26-28 degrees C augmented the thyroid hormones level as opposed to continuous cultivation at 37 degrees C. Degradation of the thyroid gland follicular structure induced a change in the hormones biosynthesis. The thyrocytes not arranged in the follicles mainly produced triiodothyronine in concentrations 5 to 8-fold higher than the T4 contents.
Computational analysis of antibody dynamics identifies recent HIV-1 infection (2017)

Accurate HIV-1 incidence estimation is critical to the success of HIV-1 prevention strategies. Current assays are limited by high false recent rates (FRRs) in certain populations and a short mean duration of recent infection (MDRI). Dynamic early HIV-1 antibody response kinetics were harnessed to identify biomarkers for improved incidence assays. We conducted retrospective analyses on circulating antibodies from known recent and longstanding infections and evaluated binding and avidity measurements of Env and non-Env antigens and multiple antibody forms (i.e., IgG, IgA, IgG3, IgG4, dIgA, and IgM) in a diverse panel of 164 HIV-1-infected participants (clades A, B, C). Discriminant function analysis identified an optimal set of measurements that were subsequently evaluated in a 324-specimen blinded biomarker validation panel. These biomarkers included clade C gp140 IgG3, transmitted/founder clade C gp140 IgG4 avidity, clade B gp140 IgG4 avidity, and gp41 immunodominant region IgG avidity. MDRI was estimated at 215 day or alternatively, 267 days. FRRs in untreated and treated subjects were 5.0% and 3.6%, respectively. Thus, computational analysis of dynamic HIV-1 antibody isotype and antigen interactions during infection enabled design of a promising HIV-1 recency assay for improved cross-sectional incidence estimation.
Resonant coupling analysis for a two-coil wireless power transfer system (2014)

Inductive or non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) is a popular short range power delivery mechanism for transcutaneous biomedical implants. In this work, the relative performance of a two-coil WPT system is analyzed with each of the coils in series or parallel resonance. This analysis helps in choosing the optimum resonance configuration for a given pair of coils that can maximize the efficiency of the WPT system. The analysis described in this work shows that for a given pair of coils at a fixed distance apart and with the transmitter coil driven by a source with significant impedance, choosing parallel resonance configuration at the transmitter and receiver coils can offer up to 20dB and 25dB higher efficiencies respectively when compared to the series configurations. Thus, there is scope for improving the WPT efficiency with a simple rearrangement of the circuit components.