gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low frequency piezoresonance defined dynamic control of terahertz wave propagation (2016)

Phase modulators are one of the key components of many applications in electromagnetic and opto-electric wave propagations. Phase-shifters play an integral role in communications, imaging and in coherent material excitations. In order to realize the terahertz (THz) electromagnetic spectrum as a fully-functional bandwidth, the development of a family of efficient THz phase modulators is needed. Although there have been quite a few attempts to implement THz phase modulators based on quantum-well structures, liquid crystals, or meta-materials, significantly improved sensitivity and dynamic control for phase modulation, as we believe can be enabled by piezoelectric-resonance devices, is yet to be investigated. In this article we provide an experimental demonstration of phase modulation of THz beam by operating a ferroelectric single crystal LiNbO<sub>3</sub> film device at the piezo-resonance. The piezo-resonance, excited by an external a.c. electric field, develops a coupling between electromagnetic and lattice-wave and this coupling governs the wave propagation of the incident THz beam by modulating its phase transfer function. We report the understanding developed in this work can facilitate the design and fabrication of a family of resonance-defined highly sensitive and extremely low energy sub-millimeter wave sensors and modulators.
Effect of variation in the common ?a? determinant on the antigenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (2000)

Antibody to the common "a" determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) protects against infection with hepatitis B virus. A number of variant surface antigens with amino acid substitutions within the "a" determinant have been described in patients around the world. Both wild type and variant HBsAgs were expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and the antigens were semi-purified and quantitated. The effect on antigenicity of these changes was investigated in a quantitative fashion using four monoclonal antibodies known to bind to different epitopes within the common "a" determinant. The results suggest that amino acid substitution of T131I, K141E and G145R and insertion of 3 amino acids between residues 123 and 124 markedly affect the antigenic structure of HBsAg. These substitutions and insertions in the viral envelope may lead to evasion of the virus neutralizing antibody response and also to reduce efficiency of detection by immunoassays used for diagnosis and blood-bank screening.
Estimated Long-Term Benefit of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure (2022)

Treatment with dapagliflozin is projected to extend event-free survival by up to 2.0 to 2.5 years among middle-aged and older individuals with HF with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. (DELIVER [Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure]; NCT03619213).
Estimation of normal hydration in dialysis patients using whole body and calf bioimpedance analysis (2011)

Prescription of an appropriate dialysis target weight (dry weight) requires accurate evaluation of the degree of hydration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a state of normal hydration (DW(cBIS)) as defined by calf bioimpedance spectroscopy (cBIS) and conventional whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy (wBIS) could be characterized in hemodialysis (HD) patients and normal subjects (NS). wBIS and cBIS were performed in 62 NS (33 m/29 f) and 30 HD patients (16 m/14 f) pre- and post-dialysis treatments to measure extracellular resistance and fluid volume (ECV) by the whole body and calf bioimpedance methods. Normalized calf resistivity (ρ(N)(,5)) was defined as resistivity at 5 kHz divided by the body mass index. The ratio of wECV to total body water (wECV/TBW) was calculated. Measurements were made at baseline (BL) and at DW(cBIS) following the progressive reduction of post-HD weight over successive dialysis treatments until the curve of calf extracellular resistance is flattened (stabilization) and the ρ(N)(,5) was in the range of NS. Blood pressures were measured pre- and post-HD treatment. ρ(N)(,5) in males and females differed significantly in NS. In patients, ρ(N)(,5) notably increased with progressive decrease in body weight, and systolic blood pressure significantly decreased pre- and post-HD between BL and DW(cBIS) respectively. Although wECV/TBW decreased between BL and DW(cBIS), the percentage of change in wECV/TBW was significantly less than that in ρ(N)(,5) (-5.21 ± 3.2% versus 28 ± 27%, p < 0.001). This establishes the use of ρ(N)(,5) as a new comparator allowing a clinician to incrementally monitor removal of extracellular fluid from patients over the course of dialysis treatments. The conventional whole body technique using wECV/TBW was less sensitive than the use of ρ(N)(,5) to measure differences in body hydration between BL and DW(cBIS).
A highly enantioselective rhodium catalyst for the hydrogenation of aliphatic α‐keto esters (1991)

Abstract The enantioselective hydrogenation of several α‐keto acid derivatives with rhodium diphosphine catalysts has been investigated using a random screening approach. The neutral rhodium catalyst prepared in situ from bis(2,5‐norbornadiene rhodium chloride) and NORPHOS has been found to be an excellent catalyst for preparing aliphatic α‐hydroxy esters in high optical purities. The reaction parameters for the hydrogenation of ethyl 2‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐butyrate, an intermediate for the ACE inhibitor Benazepril, were optimized and the best optical yields obtained were 96%.
A novel high energy density flexible galvanic cell (2011)

Ultrathin galvanic cells, which can comply with a variety of form factors and electronic system packages, are of technological importance, as they show promise for flexible electronic systems. Here we describe a high energy density flexible galvanic cell, which is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. It operates with a zinc anode and hydrated ruthenium(IV) oxide cathode, where RuO2·nH2O nanoparticles are utilized in amounts that are not cost-prohibitive. As the battery utilizes aqueous electrolytes, it is safe in operation, which enables its use in a number of settings and surroundings. It can be optimized for volume manufacture at low cost. Given that they function at much lower cell voltage than Li-ion batteries do, Zn–RuO2·nH2O cells can be recharged remotely, at a conveniently low voltage, by harvesting, for example, radio-frequency (RF) energy or microwaves. As an additional asset, Zn–RuO2·nH2O electrodes enable battery-supercapacitor hybrid power sources. At present, this cell demonstrates a specific charge capacity of 84.4 mAh per cm2 of projected electrode area, which is, so far, the largest value reported for thin film cells. Also, its cycle life of up to 400 charge–discharge cycles is very promising for use as a secondary battery.
Kinetic Study of the Decomposition of Surfactants for EOR (1987)

Summary The effect of temperature, pH, surfactant purity, and air on the decomposition rate of two classes of surfactants typically used in steam EOR processes has been investigated. With synthetic alkylaryl sulfonates, isolation and characterization of the hydrocarbon reaction products established that the principal reaction is desulfonation of the surfactant. The kinetics of the decomposition of certain alkylaryl sulfonates under carefully controlled pH and temperature conditions are discussed and compared with the behavior observed for α-olefin sulfonates (AOS's) under the same conditions. The synthesis and decomposition of key pure isomeric alkylaromatic sulfonates of known structure led to a mechanistic description of the decomposition reaction. An explanation for the differing stability of alkylaromatic sulfonates and AOS's at high temperatures and at differing pH is suggested.
CCN-KRS (2014)

A key feature of the Content Centric Networking (CCN) architecture is the requirement for each piece of content to be individually signed by its publisher. Thus, CCN should, in principle, be immune to distributing fake content. However, in practice, the network cannot easily detect and drop fake content as the trust context (i.e., the public keys that need to be trusted for verifying the content signature) is an application-dependent concept. CCN provides mechanisms for consumers to request a piece of content restricted by its signer's public key or the cryptographic digest of the content object to avoid receiving fake content. However, it does not provide any mechanisms to learn this critical information prior to requesting the content. In this paper, we introduce a scalable Key Resolution Service (KRS) that can securely store and serve security information (e.g., public key certificates of publishers) for a namespace in CCN. We implement KRS as a service for CCN in ndnSIM, a ns-3 module, and discuss and evaluate such a distributed service. We demonstrate the feasibility and scalability of our design via simulations driven by real-traffic traces.
Stiffness Dependent Separation of Cells in a Microfluidic Device (2013)

Abnormal cell mechanical stiffness can point to the development of various diseases including cancers and infections. We report a new microfluidic technique for continuous cell separation utilizing variation in cell stiffness. We use a microfluidic channel decorated by periodic diagonal ridges that compress the flowing cells in rapid succession. The compression in combination with secondary flows in the ridged microfluidic channel translates each cell perpendicular to the channel axis in proportion to its stiffness. We demonstrate the physical principle of the cell sorting mechanism and show that our microfluidic approach can be effectively used to separate a variety of cell types which are similar in size but of different stiffnesses, spanning a range from 210 Pa to 23 kPa. Atomic force microscopy is used to directly measure the stiffness of the separated cells and we found that the trajectories in the microchannel correlated to stiffness. We have demonstrated that the current processing throughput is 250 cells per second. This microfluidic separation technique opens new ways for conducting rapid and low-cost cell analysis and disease diagnostics through biophysical markers.
Development of an improved two-cycle process for recovering uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of an improved two-cycle process for recovering uranium from wet-process phosphoric acidHsiao Ming Chen, Haw Jan Chen, Ying Ming Tsai, Te Wei Lee, and Gann TingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 3, 621–627Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00063a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (707 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Communication-oriented cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (2010)

Cooperative spectrum sensing improves detection performance over fading and shadowing channels by using multiple cognitive radio (CR) users. Compared with local spectrum sensing with individual CR user, it can either reduce sensitivity requirements for each CR user or shorten the overall sensing duration. These advantages are from spatial diversity when all cooperative users sense a common primary user. However, in practice, CR users at different locations may receive signals from different primary users, which may confuse the fusion user and result in the loss of communication opportunities. In this paper, we propose a cooperative sensing approach by taking the reliability of each partner user into account. Simulation results illustrate significant performance improvement of the proposed approach.
Recent Advances in Magnetization Roasting of Refractory Iron Ores: A Technological Review in the Past Decade (2019)

Improving utilization efficiency of refractory iron ore resources is a common theme for the sustainable development of the world’s steel and iron industry. Magnetization roasting is considered as an effective and typical method for the beneficiation of refractory iron ores. After magnetization roasting, the weakly magnetic iron minerals, including hematite, limonite and siderite, are selectively reduced or oxidized to ferromagnetic magnetite, which is relatively easier to enrich by magnetic separation after liberation pretreatments. The primary magnetization roasting methods include shaft furnace roasting, rotary kiln roasting, fluidized bed roasting, and microwave assisted roasting. This review highlights the developments in magnetization roasting of difficult to treat iron ores, including shaft furnace roasting, rotary kiln roasting, fluidized bed roasting, and microwave assisted roasting in the past decade. Fluidized bed roasting and microwave assisted roasting are considered as the most effective and promising methods, which is essential to be reviewed. Meanwhile, the effective and future magnetization roasting technologies are recommended throughout this review.
Non-repudiation oblivious watermarking schema for secure digital video distribution (2004)

This paper presents a mechanism and algorithm for creating undeniable watermarks. It assumes a system where a content owner or provider uses outside agents to distribute its content. Content watermarked by distribution agents using this system will be undeniably recognizable by the content provider as originating with that distribution agent. That is to say that given N distribution agents, the content provider will be able to tell which distribution agent watermarked the content. The system does not allow any distribution agent to watermark content that would appear to have been watermarked by another agent and it does also not allow the content provider to watermark content that would appear to have been watermarked by a particular distribution agent. This allows the content provider to place a high degree of trust in the identification of the distribution agent and trace "leak" locations of pirated copies of videos.
A Novel Single-Phase to Three-Phase AC-AC Converter (2019)

This paper presents a novel fixed frequency single-phase to three-phase converter suitable for all types of loads including motor load. The proposed converter is composed of two series connected bidirectional AC-AC converters. A third generated AC voltage leg, together with the two legs passing through the single phase input voltage, form balanced three phase voltages. Simulation and preliminary experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Interactive 3D architectural modeling from unordered photo collections (2008)

We present an interactive system for generating photorealistic, textured, piecewise-planar 3D models of architectural structures and urban scenes from unordered sets of photographs. To reconstruct 3D geometry in our system, the user draws outlines overlaid on 2D photographs. The 3D structure is then automatically computed by combining the 2D interaction with the multi-view geometric information recovered by performing structure from motion analysis on the input photographs. We utilize vanishing point constraints at multiple stages during the reconstruction, which is particularly useful for architectural scenes where parallel lines are abundant. Our approach enables us to accurately model polygonal faces from 2D interactions in a single image. Our system also supports useful operations such as edge snapping and extrusions.
Time-dependent signatures of acoustic wave biosensors (2003)

Acoustic wave devices coated with a biolayer represent one biosensor approach for the detection of medically relevant biomolecules. In a typical application, the acoustic wave device is connected in an oscillator circuit, and the frequency shift Δf resulting from a biomolecular event is recorded. We discuss our recent work in this field, which has included the use of Rayleigh wave surface acoustic wave devices for vapor phase detection as well as quartz crystal microbalance devices for liquid phase measurements. For all of the results reported herein the biofilm on the surface of the acoustic wave device consists of a layer of antibodies raised against a specific target molecule or antigen. We present our results for the vapor phase detection of small molecules such as uranine and cocaine as well as liquid phase detection of small and large molecules. The data we present from these various experiments is the signature associated with the biomolecular recognition events; that is, we record and present Δf(t). Finally, we present the recent results of our time-dependent perturbation theory work, which gives a potential method for resolving the acoustic wave biosensor signature into information relating to molecular structure changes during a molecular recognition event.
Transfected<i>Drosophila</i>cells as a probe for defining the minimal requirements for stimulating unprimed CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells (1996)

Stimulation of naive T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APC) is thought to involve two qualitatively different signals: signal one results from T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, whereas signal two reflects contact with one or more costimulatory molecules. The requirements for stimulating naive T cells were studied with MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells from a T-cell receptor transgenic line, with defined peptides as antigen and transfected Drosophila cells as APC. Three main findings are reported. First, stimulation of naive T cells via signal one alone (MHC plus peptide) was essentially nonimmunogenic; thus T cells cultured with peptides presented by MHC class I-transfected Drosophila APC lacking costimulatory molecules showed little or no change in their surface phenotype. Second, cotransfection of two costimulatory molecules, B7-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), converted class I+ Drosophila cells to potent APC capable of inducing strong T-proliferative responses and cytokine (interleukin 2) production. Third, B7-1 and ICAM-1 acted synergistically, indicating that signal two is complex; synergy between B7-1 and ICAM-1 varied from moderate to extreme and was influenced by both the dose and affinity of the peptide used and the parameter of T-cell activation studied. Transfected Drosophila cells are thus a useful tool for examining the minimal APC requirements for naive T cells.
Practicable X-Ray Amplifier (1972)

Inverted populations of practical interest in the x-ray region are obtainable from selective inner-shell vacancy production in intermediate-energy ion-atom collisions. A high-current ion beam swept at nearly the speed of light along the length of an extended foil provides an active region in synchronization with a resonant x-ray pulse traveling parallel to the foil surface. Significant amplification may be realized with presently available ion sources.
Design issues for eigenbeamforming spherical microphone arrays (2018)

Approximating an analytic function by orthonormal bases functions has its origins in the theory of least squares developed by Gauss and Legendre. The use of orthonormal bases functions has been a standard tool in soundfield analysis since Rayleigh. One common set of orthonormal bases functions that naturally fit the solution of the spherical wave equation are the spherical harmonics. In this talk we describe the concept of building a microphone array on a rigid spherical baffle. We process the output signals from the spherical array such that we spatially decompose the acoustic soundfield into spherical harmonic Eigenbeam signals. Computationally efficient Eigenbeamforming, or modal beamforming, with these processed Eigenbeam signals will be discussed. Two main design issues are the growth in sensitivity to self-noise for higher-order spherical modes at lower values of k*r where, k is the wavenumber and r is the radius, and spatial aliasing due to the finite number of microphones covering the spherical surface at higher values of kr. We will discuss how to practically handle these design issues and how these design solutions impact the overall performance of the Eigenbeams and the use of these components in the design of modal beamformers.
Sufficiency Quantification for Seamless Text-Independent Speaker Enrollment (2018)

Text-independent speaker recognition (TI-SR) requires a lengthy enrollment process that involves asking dedicated time from the user to create a reliable model of their voice. Seamless enrollment is a highly attractive feature which refers to the enrollment process that happens in the background and asks for no dedicated time from the user. One of the key problems in a fully automated seamless enrollment process is to determine the sufficiency of a given utterance collection for the purpose of TI-SR. No known metric exists in the literature to quantify sufficiency. This paper introduces a novel metric called phoneme-richness score. Quality of a sufficiency metric can be assessed via its correlation with the TI-SR performance. Our assessment shows that phoneme-richness score achieves -0.96 correlation with TI-SR performance (measured in equal error rate), which is highly significant, whereas a naive sufficiency metric like speech duration achieves only -0.68 correlation.
Color-Changing Sensors for Detecting the Presence of Hypergolic Fuels (2013)

Hypergolic fuel sensors were designed to incorporate novel chemochromic pigments into substrates for use in various methods of leak detection. There are several embodiments to this invention that would provide specific visual indication of hypergols used during and after transfer. The ability to incorporate these pigments into various polymer matrices provides a unique opportunity to manufacture nearly any type of sensor shape that is required. The vibrant color change from yellow to black instantaneously shows the worker the presence of hypergols in the area.