gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Community care, housing and older people: Continuity or change? (1991)

Abstract This paper outlines the growth of social care services for elderly people in Britain and the slow recognition that resources should be concentrated upon ‘care at home’ rather than in institutions. It then goes on to provide a critical commentary on the proposed community care changes with their emphasis upon contracting out services. The importance of housing to older people is then discussed and this is followed by a review of both past developments and future prospects for the housing dimension of community care.
Modeling vocal interaction for text-independent participant characterization in multi-party conversation (2008)

An important task in automatic conversation understanding is the inference of social structure governing participant behavior. We explore the dependence between several social dimensions, including assigned role, gender, and seniority, and a set of low-level features descriptive of talkspurt deployment in a multiparticipant context. Experiments conducted on two large, publicly available meeting corpora suggest that our features are quite useful in predicting these dimensions, excepting gender. The classification experiments we present exhibit a relative error rate reduction of 37% to 67% compared to choosing the majority class.
Employment of phase characteristics of user voice signal in authentication systems (2016)

In modern society the crucial role belongs to electronic telecommunications, due to which information and financial exchanges between organizations of different forms of property and individuals is performed. Therefore, problems of secure exchange of various resources acquire particular relevance. However, password authentication of users, which now prevails in practical applications, is not able to withstand criticism. Static biometric features of users (facial appearance, fingerprints and iris), which had been tried in different access systems, didn't meet the expectations. Therefore, much attention is currently given to research in the field of voice authentication systems. The object of research is the process of digital signal processing in voice authentication systems. The purpose of research is to improve the quality of voice authentication procedures due to the calculation and analysis of the phase characteristics of digital signal registration materials. The proposed procedure allows dividing the analyzed sequence into the noise sequence and the sequence containing a user voice signal, as well as improving the quality of speech recognition and speaker identification tasks.
E2A Expression Stimulates Ig Hypermutation (2006)

Ig hypermutation is limited to a region of approximately 2 kb downstream of the transcription start sites of the Ig loci. The process requires transcription and the presence of Ig enhancer sequences, and is initiated by the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated deamination of cytidine bases. It remains unknown why AID causes mutations selectively in the Ig genes and not in most other transcribed loci of B cells. In this study, we report that the inactivation of the E2A gene strongly reduces the rate of Ig L chain mutations in the chicken B cell line DT40 without affecting the levels of surface Ig or AID expression. The defect is complemented by the expression of cDNAs corresponding to either of the two E2A splice variants E12 or E47. The results suggest that E2A-encoded proteins enhance Ig hypermutation by recruitment of AID to the Ig loci.
Streaming-potential coefficient of reservoir rock: A theoretical model (2012)

ABSTRACT The streaming potential is that electrical potential which develops when an ionic fluid flows through the pores of a rock. It is an old concept that is recently being applied in many fields from monitoring water fronts in oil reservoirs to understanding the mechanisms behind synthetic earthquakes. We have carried out fundamental theoretical modeling of the streaming-potential coefficient as a function of pore fluid salinity, pH, and temperature by modifying the HS equation for use with porous rocks and using input parameters from established fundamental theory (the Debye screening length, the Stern-plane potential, the zeta potential, and the surface conductance). The model also requires the density, electrical conductivity, relative electric permittivity and dynamic viscosity of the bulk fluid, for which empirical models are used so that the temperature of the model may be varied. These parameters are then combined with parameters that describe the rock microstructure. The resulting theoretical values have been compared with a compilation of data for siliceous materials comprising 290 streaming-potential coefficient measurements and 269 zeta-potential measurements obtained experimentally for 17 matrix-fluid combinations (e.g., sandstone saturated with KCl), using data from 29 publications. The theoretical model was found to ably describe the main features of the data, whether taken together or on a sample by sample basis. The low-salinity regime was found to be controlled by surface conduction and rock microstructure, and was sensitive to changes in porosity, cementation exponent, formation factor, grain size, pore size and pore throat size as well as specific surface conductivity. The high-salinity regime was found to be subject to a zeta-potential offset that allows the streaming-potential coefficient to remain significant even as the saturation limit is approached.
Nuclear receptor REV-ERBα mediates circadian sensitivity to mortality in murine vesicular stomatitis virus-induced encephalitis (2016)

Certain components and functions of the immune system, most notably cytokine production and immune cell migration, are under circadian regulation. Such regulation suggests that circadian rhythms may have an effect on disease onset, progression, and resolution. In the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-induced encephalitis model, the replication, caudal penetration, and survivability of intranasally applied VSV depends on both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the current study, we investigated the effect of circadian time of infection on the progression and outcome of VSV-induced encephalitis and demonstrated a significant decrease in the survival rate in mice infected at the start of the rest cycle, zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0). The lower survival rate in these mice was associated with higher levels of circulating chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a greater number of peripherally derived immune cells accumulating in the olfactory bulb (OB), and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating an immune-mediated pathology. We also found that the acrophase of molecular circadian clock component REV-ERBα mRNA expression in the OB coincides with the start of the active cycle, ZT12, when VSV infection results in a more favorable outcome. This result led us to hypothesize that REV-ERBα may mediate the circadian effect on survival following VSV infection. Blocking REV-ERBα activity before VSV administration resulted in a significant increase in the expression of CCL2 and decreased survival in mice infected at the start of the active cycle. These data demonstrate that REV-ERBα-mediated inhibition of CCL2 expression during viral-induced encephalitis may have a protective effect.
Neuropeptide K potently stimulates salivary gland secretion and potentiates substance P-induced salivation. (1989)

Neuropeptide K (NPK) is an N-terminally extended derivative of neurokinin A (NKA) that can be a final product in the posttranslational processing of beta-preprotachykinin. A rat salivation bioassay was used to demonstrate potent effects of NPK at low doses, while effects due to NKA were much weaker at higher doses. The rank order of potency of beta-preprotachykinin-derived peptides on salivation responses was NPK greater than substance P greater than NKA much greater than beta-preprotachykinin-(72-96)-peptide. The time course of the NPK response was longer than that observed with substance P. The responses elicited by NPK were blocked by the tachykinin antagonist [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]substance P but not by atropine. In peptide coinfusion studies, NPK strikingly potentiated the salivation responses elicited by substance P. NPK in vitro displayed a 100 times lower potency than substance P in displacing 3H-labeled substance P binding in submandibular gland membranes, a tissue rich in SP-P type (NK-1) receptors. The possible cellular mechanisms by which NPK stimulates salivary gland secretion are discussed. We conclude that NPK and substance P may be cotransmitters derived by posttranslational processing of beta-preprotachykinin.
Recent advances in free-standing single crystalline wide band-gap semiconductors and their applications: GaN, SiC, ZnO, β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and diamond (2017)

Free-standing single crystalline semiconductor membranes have gained intensive attention over the last few years due to their versatile usage in many applications.
Tokenization and proper noun recognition for information retrieval (2004)

In this paper we consider a set of natural language processing techniques that can be used to analyze large amounts of texts, focusing on the advanced tokenizer which accounts for a number of complex linguistic phenomena, as well as for pre-tagging tasks such as proper noun recognition. We also show the results of several experiments performed in order to study the impact of the strategy chosen for the recognition of proper nouns.
Nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation. (2006)

Terminal ileal perforation should be suspected in all cases of peritonitis especially in developing countries and surgical treatment should be optimized taking various accounts like etiology, delay in surgery and operative findings into consideration to reduce the incidence of deadly complications like fecal fistula.
Adaptive traffic management for secure and efficient emergency services in smart cities (2013)

Rapid increase in number of vehicles on the roads as well as growing size of cities have led to a plethora of challenges for road traffic management authorities such as traffic congestion, accidents and air pollution. The work presented in this paper focuses on the particular problem of traffic management for emergency services, for which a delay of few minutes may cause human lives risks as well as financial losses. The goal is to reduce the latency of emergency services for vehicles such as ambulances and police cars, with minimum unnecessary disruption to the regular traffic, and preventing potential misuses. To this end, we propose to design a framework in which the Traffic Management System (TMS) may adapt by dynamically adjusting traffic lights, changing related driving policies, recommending behavior change to drivers, and applying essential security controls. The choice of an adaptation depends on the emergency severity level announced by the emergency vehicle(s). The severity level may need to be verified by corresponding authorities to preserve security measures. We discuss the details of our proposed framework and the potential challenges in the paper.
Effect of inflammation, smoking and stress on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine level (2003)

The present data suggest that crevicular IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 reflect the activity of periodontal destruction, whereas IL-4 shows an inverse correlation to it. The enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines in the presence of smoking and stress may have clinical consequences.
Electric power system static state estimation through Kalman filtering and load forecasting (2008)

Static state estimation in electric power systems is normally accomplished without the use of time-history data or prediction. This paper presents preliminary work on the use of the discrete-time Kalman filter to incorporate time history and power demand prediction into state estimators. The problem of state estimation combined with the knowledge of the forecasted load is posed as a Kalman filtering problem using a novel discrete-time model. The model relates current and previous states using the electric power flow equations. An IEEE 14-bus test system example is used to illustrate the potential for enhanced performance of such Kalman filter-based state estimation.
Maintaining Low Ca<sup>2+</sup> Level in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Restores Abnormal Endogenous F508del‐CFTR Trafficking in Airway Epithelial Cells (2006)

The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis, F508del, results in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Retention is dependent on chaperone proteins, many of which, like calnexin, require calcium for optimal activity. Here, we show that a limited and a maintained ER calcium level is sufficient to inhibit the F508del-CFTR/calnexin interaction and to restore the cAMP-dependent CFTR chloride transport, thus showing the correction of abnormal trafficking. We used Western blot analysis, iodide efflux and calcium measurement techniques applied to the human airway epithelial cystic fibrosis cell line CF15 (F508del/F508del). The inhibition of ER calcium pump, with thapsigargin, curcumin, 2,5-di(t-butyl)hydroquinone or cyclopiazonic acid, maintains a threshold levels of calcium that is correlated to the recovery of endogenous F508del-CFTR transport activity. In particular, cyclopiazonic acid restores a 2-aminoethyoxydiphenyl borate-sensitive F508del-CFTR trafficking with an EC50 of 915 nm. By contrast, the 1,4,5-trisphosphate or IP3 receptor activators, i.e., ATP and histamine, while transiently emptying the ER intracellular calcium store, did not affect the trafficking of F508del-CFTR. Our data suggest that decreasing the ER calcium level is not sufficient to restore the defective trafficking of F508del-CFTR, whereas decreasing and also maintaining low ER calcium level allow correction of defective biosynthetic pathway of endogenous F508del-CFTR in human airway epithelial cells.
A high-speed architecture for ADPCM codec (2003)

A pipelined architecture for adaptive pulse code modulation (ADPCM) is presented. The architecture is developed by the application of a realized form of look-ahead. The hardware overhead is only the pipelining latches and is independent of the number of quantizer levels, the predictor order, and the pipelining level. The codec latency is smaller than the level of pipelining. Under the assumption of small quantization error, the convergence properties of the pipelined architecture are compared with those of the serial one. Speech and image coding examples are presented to support the conclusions reached.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical Aspects of Insulin Pen Devices (2010)

Insulin pen devices have several advantages over the traditional vial-and-syringe method of insulin delivery, including improved patient satisfaction and adherence, greater ease of use, superior accuracy for delivering small doses of insulin, greater social acceptability, and less reported injection pain. In recent years, pens have become increasingly user-friendly, and some models are highly intuitive to use, requiring little or no instruction. Despite this progress, uptake of these devices in the United States has not matched that in many other areas of the world. There is a need for improved awareness of the current characteristics of insulin pen devices among United States health care professionals. Knowledge of the design improvements that have been incorporated into pens, both to address patient needs and as a result of the improved technology behind the device mechanics, is essential to promoting the use of insulin pen devices. This review highlights some of the practical aspects of pen use and discusses the factors to be considered when selecting among different insulin pens.
Cyclic Oxygenates: A New Class of Second-Generation Biofuels for Diesel Engines? (2008)

Combustion behavior of various oxygenated fuels has been studied in a DAF heavy-duty (HD) direct-injection (DI) diesel engine. From these fuels, it is well-known that they lead to lower particle (PM) emissions; however, for a given fuel oxygen mass fraction, there are significant differences in PM reduction. Although this can be traced back to the specific molecular structure of the oxygenate in question, no consensus can be found in the literature as to the explanation hereof. In this study, the sooting tendency (smoke number) of three oxygenates [viz., tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TP), dibutyl maleate (DB), and cyclohexanone (X1)] was compared to that of commercial diesel fuel (EN590, D). The results suggest that the cetane number (CN) (i.e., fuel reactivity) may play an important role. More specifically, the low reactive oxygenate X1, with its cyclic carbon chain, was found to perform exceptionally well compared to the more reactive linear and branched oxygenates DB and TP, respectively. Cyclic oxygenates are abundant in nature. Cellulose, the most common organic compound on earth, is the best-known example. Although it is not trivial, liquid cyclic oxygenates can be made from lignocellulosic biomass. Particularly, the production of C6 oxygenates (e.g., guaiacol, cyclohexanone, phenol, etc.), which can be derived from lignin, is the subject of current investigation. Fuels produced from such biomass (e.g., plant waste or the nonedible part of plants) are referred to as second-generation biofuels and are expected to play a pivotal role in the near future.
Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI/rGO) Composites (2017)

Reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) composites were synthesized in the present study by chemical deposition method and were then characterized by various methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nZVI/rGO composites prepared were utilized for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions in batch mode at different initial Cd(II) concentrations, initial pH values, contact times, and operating temperatures. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network hybridized with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used for modeling the removal efficiency of Cd(II) and optimizing the four removal process variables. The average values of prediction errors for the RSM and ANN-GA models were 6.47% and 1.08%. Although both models were proven to be reliable in terms of predicting the removal efficiency of Cd(II), the ANN-GA model was found to be more accurate than the RSM model. In addition, experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. It was found that the Cd(II) adsorption was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Examination on thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order model can better describe the kinetics of Cd(II) removal with a good R² value than the pseudo-first-order model.
Phase 1b study of vactosertib in combination with nal-IRI plus 5FU/LV in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who have failed first-line gemcitabine/<i>nab</i>-paclitaxel. (2022)

TPS632 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, although recent advances in chemotherapies for metastatic PDAC provide better clinical outcomes. TGF-β is strongly involved in the tumor microenvironment of PDAC, and dysregulation of TGF-β signaling is a frequent molecular disturbance in PDAC progression and metastasis. Vactosertib is an orally bioavailable TGF-β signaling inhibitor that targets the TGF-β type I receptor kinase. In in vivo studies, vactosertib reduces cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis of various cancers, and combination of vactosertib with nal-IRI/5-FU/LV improves pancreatic cancer survival by suppressing cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), highlighting a potential clinical application of this approach for PDAC patients (Hong et al, 2020). Based on this preclinical study, we develop a phase 1b study to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and to evaluate the safety of vactosertib in combination with nal-IRI/5FU/LV in patients with metastatic PDAC who have failed first-line gemcitabine/ nab-paclitaxel. Methods: Eligible patients have histologically confirmed PDAC who have failed first-line gemcitabine/ nab-paclitaxel with adequate organ function and performance status. This study is composed of two parts; dose escalation and dose expansion. In the dose escalation part (phase 1b), different dose levels of vactosertib (100 mg bid, 200 mg bid, and 300 mg bid) for escalation will be tested, starting with dose level 0 (DL 0, 200 mg bid) with 3 to 6 subjects recruited in each cohort. DL -1 is only tested when DL 0 is unacceptable. In the dose expansion part, one or two additional backfill cohorts among DL -1 through DL 2 will be opened for determination of the final RP2D. For each cohort, a maximum of 12 patients can be enrolled including the dose escalation and dose expansion phase. Patients in each cohort will receive vactosertib 100-300 mg orally twice per day 1-5 & day 8-12 with nal-IRI 70mg/m 2 intravenously day 1, LV 400mg/m 2 IV day 1, and continuous 5-FU 2400mg/m 2 infusion over 48 hours every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint is to determine RP2D and to evaluate safety of this combination. The key secondary endpoints are progression free survival, overall response rate, disease control rate based on RECIST 1.1 and overall survival. As of September 2021, 5 patients have been enrolled in DL 0 and 1 DLT has been reported in DL 0. This study is prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04258072. Clinical trial information: NCT04258072.
Tumor necrosis factor‐mediated interactions between inflammatory response and tumor vascular bed (2008)

Solid tumor therapy with chemotherapeutics greatly depends on the efficiency with which drugs are delivered to tumor cells. The typical characteristics of the tumor physiology promote but also appose accumulation of blood-borne agents. The leaky tumor vasculature allows easy passage of drugs. However, the disorganized vasculature causes heterogeneous blood flow, and together with the often-elevated interstitial fluid pressure, this state results in poor intratumoral drug levels and failure of treatment. Manipulation of the tumor vasculature could overcome these barriers and promote drug delivery. Targeting the vasculature has several advantages. The endothelial lining is readily accessible and the first to be encountered after systemic injection. Second, endothelial cells tend to be more stable than tumor cells and thus less likely to develop resistance to therapy. Third, targeting the tumor vasculature can have dual effects: (i) manipulation of the vasculature can enhance concomitant chemotherapy, and (ii) subsequent destruction of the vasculature can help to kill the tumor. In particular, tumor necrosis factor alpha is studied. Its action on solid tumors, both directly through tumor cell killing and destruction of the tumor vasculature and indirectly through manipulation of the tumor physiology, is complex. Understanding the mechanism of TNF and agents with comparable action on solid tumors is an important focus to further develop combination immunotherapy strategies.