gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Testing of a Hall Effect Thruster with 3D Printed Channel and Propellant Distributor (2017)

The UAH-78AM is a low-power Hall effect thruster developed at the University of Alabama in Huntsville with channel walls and a propellant distributor manufactured using 3D printing. The goal of this project is to assess the feasibility of using unconventional materials to produce a low-cost functioning Hall effect thruster and consider how additive manufacturing can expand the design space and provide other benefits. A version of the thruster was tested at NASA Glenn Research Center to obtain performance metrics and to validate the ability of the thruster to produce thrust and sustain a discharge. An overview of the thruster design and transient performance measurements are presented here. Measured thrust ranged from 17.2 millinewtons to 30.4 millinewtons over a discharge power of 280 watts to 520 watts with an anode I (sub SP)(Specific Impulse) range of 870 seconds to 1450 seconds. Temperature limitations of materials used for the channel walls and propellant distributor limit the ability to run the thruster at thermal steady-state.
Expression and Solubilization of a Recombinant Human Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Insect Cells (1994)

The human neurokinin-1 receptor has been expressed in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus. The expression level is about 10 times higher than that obtained in mammalian cells. The recombinant receptor was solubilized with CHAPS, and a PEG precipitation procedure was shown to be effective in regaining high affinity substance P binding. This system should allow large scale purification of the human neurokinin-1 receptor.
Saddle Clamp With Captive Components (1993)

Saddle clamp modified to prevent parts from falling off when installed or removed. Allows easy access for tightening or loosening bolts, and retains alignment with tube mounted in it when opened. All parts are held captive - bolts by retaining washers, floating nuts by pressing and swaging, and upper clamp band by tether. Upper and lower bolt flanges offset from each other to ensure access.
Spatial and temporal coherence of scattered field from large fish groups instantaneously imaged with ocean acoustics waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS). (2009)

Wide area sonar system, such as OAWRS (ocean acoustics waveguide remote sensing), can instantaneously image large shoals of fish spanning tens of kilometers from long ranges in an ocean waveguide. An analytic and numerical model is developed for the spatial and temporal coherence of the scattered field from a large group of fish in a shallow water waveguide. The temporal coherence of the received signal depends on both the temporal coherence of the random waveguide through the medium Green’s function and the correlation time scale for fish group distribution. The spatial coherence of the received signal depends on both the spatial correlation scale of the random waveguide inhomogeneities and that for the imaged fish group distribution. The temporal and spatial correlation scale for the fish group distribution are determined from experimental data acquired in the Gulf of Maine during the 2006 Ocean Acoustics Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) Experiment. The effect of temporal and spatial coherence of the scattered field on subsequent coherent array processing and matched-filtering is discussed.
Physical limitations and fundamental factors affecting performance of liquid crystal tunable lenses with concentric electrode rings (2013)

A comprehensive analysis of fundamental factors and their effects on the performance of liquid crystal (LC)-based lenses is given. The analysis adopts numerical LC director and electric field simulation, as well as scalar diffraction theory for calculating the lens performance considering different variable factors. A high-efficiency LC lens with concentric electrode rings is fabricated for verifying and enriching the analysis. The measurement results are in close agreement with the analysis, and a summary of key factors is given with their quantitative contributions to the efficiency.
Comparator-based switched-capacitor circuits for scaled CMOS technologies (2006)

A comparator-based switched-capacitor (CBSC) design method for sampled-data systems utilizes topologies similar to traditional opamp-based methods but relies on the detection of the virtual ground using a comparator instead of forcing it with feedback. A prototype 10b CBSC 1.5b/stage pipelined ADC is implemented in a 0.18mum CMOS process. The converter operates at 8MHz and consumes 2.5mW
Bilayered Biofoam for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation (2016)

A novel bilayered hybrid biofoam composed of a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) layer and a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-filled BNC layer is introduced for highly efficient solar steam generation. The biofoam exhibits a solar thermal efficiency of ≈83% under simulated solar illumination (10 kW m<sup>-2</sup> ). The fabrication method introduced here is highly scalable and cost-efficient.
Improved high-temperature-strength nickel-base superalloy (1969)

Nickel-base superalloy has a strength of 20,000 psi at 2,200 degrees F, approximately double the strength of the strongest available cast nickel-base alloys. It is not subject to the formation of embrittling phases upon long time exposure at intermediate temperatures.
A Novel Deep Hole Etching in NLD Plasma Low GWP Gases (2007)

As for etching of quartz or glass, CF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> are mainly used. And, much SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas is used for etching of silicon. The case that uses together a C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> -CVD method is also in sidewall protection film formation. However, these gases have a very large GWP. Since a MEMS market becomes larger in the future, the gas used by DRIE needs the reduction in GWP. This research is developing quartz etching technology, and succeeded in etching of the GWP free etching of Pyrex glass via using C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> I. Furthermore, the method of performing anisotropic deep silicon etching by introducing a sputtering system into DRIE technology was invented, and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sub> free etching anisotropic etching was also successful. Therefore, the NLD etching in the MEMS field is very useful equipment, which can realize drastic GWP reduction and can propose highly efficient etching technology.
Heterocycles. XIV. Reactions of 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines and 2-amino-6-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazocines with diketene. (1979)

The reaction of 2-amino-1, 5-benzodiazocines (1) with diketene (2) gave two isomeric products 3 and 4, whereas 2-amino-1, 4-benzodiazepines (16) afforded 2-acetoacetamidodiazepines (17). Treatment of the acetoacetylated derivatives (3, 4, 17) with methanolic hydrogen chloride or thionyl chloride afforded the corresponding fused pyrimidine derivatives (5, 6, 18). Thermal dehydration of both 3a and 4a, on the other hand, gave the same cyclized compound (5a), indicating that acyl migration took place in the reaction of 4a. Similarly, 17a gave the rearranged product (19a).
Motuporamine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Enhancers against Resistant Gram‐Negative Bacteria (2017)

Dihydromotuporamine C and its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities and antibiotic enhancement properties against Gram-negative bacteria and clinical isolates. The mechanism of action of one of these derivatives, MOTU-N44, was investigated against Enterobacter aerogenes by using fluorescent dyes to evaluate outer-membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Its efficiency correlated with inhibition of dye transport, thus suggesting that these molecules inhibit drug transporters by de-energization of the efflux pump rather than by direct interaction of the molecule with the pump. This suggests that depowering the efflux pump provides another strategy to address antibiotic resistance.
Layer-by-Layer Removal of Graphene for Device Patterning (2011)

The patterning of graphene is useful in fabricating electronic devices, but existing methods do not allow control of the number of layers of graphene that are removed. We show that sputter-coating graphene and graphene-like materials with zinc and dissolving the latter with dilute acid removes one graphene layer and leaves the lower layers intact. The method works with the four different types of graphene and graphene-like materials: graphene oxide, chemically converted graphene, chemical vapor-deposited graphene, and micromechanically cleaved ("clear-tape") graphene. On the basis of our data, the top graphene layer is damaged by the sputtering process, and the acid treatment removes the damaged layer of carbon. When used with predesigned zinc patterns, this method can be viewed as lithography that etches the sample with single-atomic-layer resolution.
Development of a relocatable coastal forecast system for the US Navy (2009)

The goal is to fulfill the US Navy's need for a relocatable, robust operational coastal forecast system by developing and transitioning a high-resolution, coastal circulation model into the Naval Oceanographie Office's operational environment. The coastal circulation model undergoing transition is a three-dimensional, finite-element based hydrodynamic model, the Advanced Circulation Model for Shelves, Coastal Seas, and Estuaries (ADCIRC). Its unstructured grid allows modeling complex coastal regions at fine spatial scale. Scripts and programs are developed to automate major tasks of the forecast run stream such as initial setup, forcing data acquisition, model configuration and post-processing. An application of the ADCIRC-based forecast system to the Korean West Coast region is presented.
Improved Method of Purifying Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

An improved method of removing the residues of fabrication from carbon nanotubes has been invented. These residues comprise amorphous carbon and metal particles that are produced during the growth process. Prior methods of removing the residues include a variety of processes that involved the use of halogens, oxygen, or air in both thermal and plasma processes. Each of the prior methods entails one or more disadvantages, including non-selectivity (removal or damage of nanotubes in addition to removal of the residues), the need to dispose of toxic wastes, and/or processing times as long as 24 hours or more. In contrast, the process described here does not include the use of toxic chemicals, the generation of toxic wastes, causes little or no damage to the carbon nanotubes, and involves processing times of less than 1 hour. In the improved method, purification is accomplished by flowing water vapor through the reaction chamber at elevated temperatures and ambient pressures. The impurities are converted to gaseous waste products by the selective hydrogenation and hydroxylation by the water in a reaction chamber. This process could be performed either immediately after growth or in a post-growth purification process. The water used needs to be substantially free of oxygen and can be obtained by a repeated freeze-pump-thaw process. The presence of oxygen will non-selectively attach the carbon nanotubes in addition to the amorphous carbon.
Aerial-underwater systems, a new paradigm in unmanned vehicles (2017)

Singularity-free modeling and control of Unmanned Aerial-Underwater Vehicles (UAUVs) are covered in this work. UAUVs are a new kind of unmanned vehicles capable of performing equally well in different mediums, and seamlessly transitioning between them. In particular, this work covers the modeling and attitude control of a special class of air-underwater vehicles with full torque actuation and a single thrust force. A quaternion based representation is used to avoid singularities. A nonlinear quaternion feedback and a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) with compensation of the restoring forces are used to control the quaternion and altitude errors, respectively, while gain scheduling handles the abrupt change in the medium density. The use of quaternions allows for the vehicle to follow any desired angular reference, which is critical when underwater in order to efficiently overcome the vehicle's buoyancy and drag. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the proposed control scheme.
Potential for Discriminating Crop Residues from Soil by Reflectance and Fluorescence (1995)

Abstract Crop residues left in the field after harvest can be important in controlling soil erosion. Current methods for quantifying percent crop residue cover are tedious and somewhat subjective. There is a need for new methods to quantify residue cover that are rapid, accurate, and objective. We evaluated reflectance and fluorescence techniques for discriminating crop residues from a wide range of soils. Reflectance and fluorescence spectra of 37 agricultural soils (wet and dry) and of recently harvested and weathered corn ( Zea mays L .), soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and wheat ( Triticum aestivutn L .) residues were measured in the lab. Reflectance factors in the visible or near‐infrared wavelengths did not uniquely distinguish all soils from all crop residues. Crop residues may be brighter or darker than a given soil, depending on soil moisture and residue age. When illuminated with ultraviolet radiation, however, the crop residues fluoresced more than most of the soils. Fluorescence of crop residues was a broad‐band phenomenon centered between 420 to 520 nm and induced by a relatively broad range of excitation wavelengths centered betweert 350 to 400 nm. More than 90% of the crop residues <2 yr old could be discriminated from 33 of 37 dry soils and 36 of 37 wet soils using fluorescence. The threshold for discrimination can be optimized for classification accuracy for each soil. Fluorescence techniques are less ambiguous than reflectance methods and are better suited for discriminating crop residues on soils. Furthermore, if properly implemented, fluorescence techniques can be used to quantify crop residue cover in the field.
All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum communications (2002)

In this letter, we present a source of quantum-correlated photon pairs based on parametric fluorescence in a fiber Sagnac loop. The photon pairs are generated in the 1550-nm fiber-optic communication band and detected with InGaAs-InP avalanche photodiodes operating in a gated Geiger mode. A generation rate > 10/sup 3/ pairs/s is observed, which is limited by the detection electronics at present. We also demonstrate the nonclassical nature of the photon correlations in the pairs. This source, given its spectral properties and robustness, is well suited for use in fiber-optic quantum communication and cryptography networks.
Holographic fabrication of nano-optical devices using single reflective optical element (2013)

Here we present holographic fabrications of large area nano-optical device templates, including nano-antenna and photonic quasi-crystals using a single reflective optical element (ROE) through single beam and a single exposure process. These ROEs consist of several silicon wafers arranged with 5 or 6-fold symmetry, supported by two plastic platforms. By changing the polarization of the incident beam, various photonic quasi-crystal including spiral quasicrystals can be fabricated using the 5-fold symmetrically arranged optical element. Using the single optical element with silicon chips arranged in 6-fold symmetry, large areas of nano gap arrays can be fabricated holographically. These nanogaps and their shapes can be controlled through the phase delay of one laser beam. The nano gap arrays will be used for fabrication of nano-antennas arrays after metal depositions.
Tantalum Materials in the CPI for the Next Millennium (2001)

Abstract Tantalum materials have been used in the Chemical Processing Industry (CPI) for over 60 years and continue to be important materials of construction. This paper will discuss tantalum and Ta-2.5W alloy applications that have evolved over the past century to current day applications. Traditional upper limits for corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement resistance established for pure tantalum will be compared to new upper limits for the Ta-2.5W alloy in HCl, NaOH and H2SO4 acid media. Also illustrated, will be test data showing the pronounce affect of coupling platinum to tantalum materials, and their contributions on establishing new upper boundaries for tantalum materials for the CPI.
Matte-Based Restoration of Vintage Video (2009)

In this paper, we describe a new method for restoring digitized vintage video with film wear artifacts. Such artifacts result in partially or completely missing information. To maximize use of observed data, we cast the problem as that of recovering mattes of artifacts. More specifically, we extract the distributions of artifact color and its fractional (alpha) contribution to the frame. To account for spatial color discontinuity and pixel occlusion or disocclusion, we introduce the alpha-modulated bilateral filter. The problem is solved as a 3-D spatio-temporal conditional random field (CRF) with artifact color and (discretized) alpha as states. Inference is done through belief propagation. Results verify the effectiveness of our method. Furthermore, we can produce a synthetically generated vintage footage using extracted artifact information from actual vintage video.
Discovery of α-folate receptor specific GARFTase inhibitors as selective antitumor agents (2008)

1309 One of the major hurdles in cancer chemotherapy is the inability of the chemotherapeutic agent to selectively target tumor cells. The over expression of the α-folate receptor (FRα) on the surface of a number of tumors including ovarian, endometrial, kidney, lung, breast and brain provides an opportunity to specifically target these tumors. This is particularly important as most normal cells do not express FRα. Agents that only utilize the FRα to gain entry into these tumors would thus be highly specific. We have recently discovered a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine classical antifolates that are specifically taken up the FRα and inhibit FRα expressing tumor cells (KB and IGROV1) at nanomolar IC50 values. In addition, these analogs are not transported in normal cells via the reduced folate carrier (RFC). In situ assays with recombinant murine glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFTase) inhibition afforded nanomolar IC50 values for some of the compounds and confirmed GARFTase as the target. In an attempt to optimized the chain length between the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and the benzoyl-L-glutamate, analogs with 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-carbon atom chains were synthesized. The analogs were synthesized from the appropriate triphenylphosphonium alkyl (3-6 carbon atoms) carboxylic acid and methyl 4-formylbenzoate followed by reduction to give the methyl carbomethoxyphenyl alkyl acids. Conversion to the corresponding α-haloketones and cyclization with 2, 6-diamino-4-oxo-pyrimidine afforded the substituted methyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine alkyl benzoates. Saponification followed by coupling with diethyl-L-glutamate and ester hydrolysis afforded the desired analogs. The 3- and 4- atom chain lengths were the most inhibitory to both tumor cells as well as GARFTase. To our knowledge, these analogs are unique in that some of them are potently cytotoxic to tumor cells via GARFTase inhibition, specifically target the FRα, and are not appreciably transported by the RFC.
SURFACE EMITTED HARMONIC GENERATION FOR SENSOR AND DISPLAY APPLICATIONS (1995)

We review briefly some of the basic principles involved in quasi-phase matched multilayer semiconductor films for second-harmonic generation in waveguided, reflection and intra-cavity geometries. New applications in optical ranging for length, temperature, deformation sensors, real time optical reflectometry and vertical cavity second-harmonic generation for displays are presented. The enhancement of quasi-phase matched second-harmonic generation in vertical cavity Fabry-Perot structures is also investigated. When the optimal quasi-phase matching conditions are satisfied in the Fabry-Perot core, the second-harmonic conversion efficiency of a 4 μm thick cavity is enhanced by 1.75 × 10 6 relative to a homogeneous GaAs slab. This geometry is most suitable for intracavity harmonic generation in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers.
Real-Time Video Super-Resolution with Spatio-Temporal Networks and Motion Compensation (2016)

Convolutional neural networks have enabled accurate image super-resolution in real-time. However, recent attempts to benefit from temporal correlations in video super-resolution have been limited to naive or inefficient architectures. In this paper, we introduce spatio-temporal sub-pixel convolution networks that effectively exploit temporal redundancies and improve reconstruction accuracy while maintaining real-time speed. Specifically, we discuss the use of early fusion, slow fusion and 3D convolutions for the joint processing of multiple consecutive video frames. We also propose a novel joint motion compensation and video super-resolution algorithm that is orders of magnitude more efficient than competing methods, relying on a fast multi-resolution spatial transformer module that is end-to-end trainable. These contributions provide both higher accuracy and temporally more consistent videos, which we confirm qualitatively and quantitatively. Relative to single-frame models, spatio-temporal networks can either reduce the computational cost by 30% whilst maintaining the same quality or provide a 0.2dB gain for a similar computational cost. Results on publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithms surpass current state-of-the-art performance in both accuracy and efficiency.
Characterization of Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid for Precursor of Porcine Motilin (1988)

Cloned cDNAs encoding the precursor protein for motilin and a novel peptide, motilin-associated peptide, were isolated from a library derived from porcine intestinal mucosa mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicts a precursor protein of 119 amino acids including a signal peptide in direct linkage with the 22 amino acid sequence for motilin, and a 70 amino acid peptide of unknown function. The putative bioactive moieties are separated by Lys-Lys, dibasic residues that serve as substrates for cleavage by proteolytic maturation enzymes in many polyprotein precursors. While there is an abundant literature detailing a spectrum of tissues and cell types which express motilin like immunoreactivity, analysis of mRNA derived from many of these tissues suggests that the mRNA for the mucosal motilin precursor is only transcribed in this tissue. The nature of the immunoreactive material in the central nervous system and other peripheral tissues remains to be determined.