gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-power direct digital frequency synthesis for wireless communications (2000)

A low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) architecture is presented. It uses a smaller lookup table for sine and cosine functions compared to already existing systems with a minimum additional hardware. Only 16 points are stored in the internal memory implemented in ROM (read-only memory). The full computation of the generated sine and cosine is based on the linear interpolation between the sample points. A DDFS with 60-dBc spectral purity 29-Hz frequency resolution, and 9-bit output data for sine function generation is being implemented in 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Experimental results verify that the average power dissipation of the DDFS logic is 9.5 mW (at 30 MHz, 3.3 V).
<title>Ultrasensitive Elemental Analysis Of Solids By Sputter Initiated Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy</title> (1983)

This paper describes a new technique, Sputter-Initiated Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (SIRIS)t, for ultrasensitive elemental analysis of solid samples. SIRIS combines resonance ionization spectroscopy and ion beam sputtering to provide analyses for all the elements except helium and neon with predicted sensitivities down to 1 part in 1012 in routine analysis, and greater for special uses. Basic concepts of this technology and new results in the development of the new SIRIS process and apparatus are presented.
Magnetically Responsive Photonic Nanochains (2011)

Nano-peapods: Magnetically responsive photonic nanochains have been produced by inducing chain alignment of uniform magnetic particles during their silica coating process and then allowing additional deposited silica to wrap entire structures. The optical diffraction of these nanochains can be switched on and off by applying magnetic fields.
Flexible Decoupled Transactional Memory Support (2008)

A high-concurrency transactional memory (TM) implementation needs to track concurrent accesses, buffer speculative updates, and manage conflicts. We present a system, FlexTM (FLEXible Transactional Memory), that coordinates four decoupled hardware mechanisms: read and write signatures, which summarize per-thread access sets; per-thread conflict summary tables (CSTs), which identify the threads with which conflicts have occurred; Programmable Data Isolation, which maintains speculative updates in the local cache and employs a thread-private buffer (in virtual memory) in the rare event of overflow; and Alert-On-Update, which selectively notifies threads about coherence events. All mechanisms are software-accessible, to enable virtualization and to support transactions of arbitrary length. FlexTM allows software to determine when to manage conflicts (either eagerly or lazily), and to employ a variety of conflict management and commit protocols. We describe an STM-inspired protocol thatuses CSTs to manage conflicts in a distributed manner (no global arbitration) and allows parallel commits. In experiments with a prototype on Simics/GEMS, FlexTM exhibits 5x speedup over high-quality software TM, with no loss in policy flexibility. Its distributed commit protocol is also more efficient than a central hardware manager. Our results highlight the importance of flexibility in determining when to manage conflicts: lazy maximizes concurrency and helps to ensure forward progress while eager provides better overall utilization in a multi-programmed system.
A framework for context-aware handover decisions (2004)

Traditionally, handover decisions are made mainly based on the signal strength. However, with the evolution of mobile networks moving toward a heterogeneous solution, this simple decision mechanism is not enough any more. To choose the optimal access router among the multitude points of attachment available to the network, there is a need for a more intelligent handover decision mechanism. In this paper we provide a general framework for handover decisions which take into account the context of both the mobile network and the user. Our solution shows how to collect the context, to compile information, and to propagate it proactively. Due to the fast evolving nature of context information, our flexible framework allows one to update the decision algorithm and the context data. We present the architecture and the main components of our proposed implementation based on active networks.
A Bayesian Approach to Filtering Junk E-Mail (1998)

In addressing the growing problem of junk E-mail on the Internet, we examine methods for the automated construction of filters to eliminate such unwanted messages from a user&apos;s mail stream. By casting this problem in a decision theoretic framework, we are able to make use of probabilistic learning methods in conjunction with a notion of differential misclassification cost to produce filters which are especially appropriate for the nuances of this task. While this may appear, at first, to be a straight-forward text classification problem, we show that by considering domain-specific features of this problem in addition to the raw text of E-mail messages, we can produce much more accurate filters. Finally, we show the efficacy of such filters in a real world usage scenario, arguing that this technology is mature enough for deployment. Introduction As the number of users connected to the Internet continues to skyrocket, electronic mail (E-mail) is quickly becoming one of the fastest and m...
2-Chloro-7-fluoro- and 2-chloro-3,7-difluoro-11-[4-(4-fluoroaralkyl)piperazino]-10,11-dihydrodibenzo-[b,f]thiepins and related compounds; Long acting tranquillizers (1981)

Substitution reactions of 2,11-dichloro-7-fluoro-(series a ) and 2,11-dichloro-3,7-difluoro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin (series b ) with 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazine, 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ethyl]piperazine, 1-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]piperazine, 1-[2-(4-fluorophenylthio)ethyl]piperazine, 1-[3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]piperazine and 1-[4,4-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazine gave the title compounds Ia,b-VIa,b . Compounds of the series a are little toxic, have low cataleptic activity and display a relatively high central depressant activity, being fully developed only after 4 h and persisting until the 3rd-7th day after the oral administration. Compounds of series b are less active and the protracted depressant effects are shown only by substances IIIb and Vb .
Effects of endogenous absorption in human albumin solder for acute laser wound closure (1998)

Background and Objective Human albumin is currently being used as a biological solder in laser tissue welding. Experiments were performed to characterize the effects of differing albumin concentrations on wound closure when a 1.32 μm Nd:YAG laser is used to repair skin incisions. Materials and Methods In vivo comparison of acute tensile strength was made in full thickness porcine skin wounds using different solder concentrations. Histology of the repairs was also completed to evaluate the thermal denaturation of the tissue and solder. Transmission measurements were completed for nondenatured and denatured albumin solders. Finally, the real time denaturation pattern of different solder concentrations during laser irradiation was investigated. Results A tissue solder consisting of 50% albumin provides the greatest tensile strength for acute in vivo skin closure. The transmission measurements verify that the primary absorber of 1.32-μm laser light was the solder solvent (water). A significant decrease in power transmission occurs when the 25% albumin solder was denatured. The real time denaturation profiles demonstrate that 1.32-μm laser light denatures 25% albumin solder from the outer surface, while in 50% albumin solder, denaturation occurs from within the solder bulk. Wound histology corroborates the pattern of denaturation seen in vitro. Conclusion The combination of 1.32-μm laser light and 50% human albumin solder can be used to create a deep tissue weld resulting in higher acute repair tensile strength. This permits a deep to superficial closure of wounds, which may result in an optimal method of acute closure for full-thickness wounds. Lasers Surg. Med. 23: 18–24, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High gain-bandwidth-product silicon heterointerface photodetector (1997)

We report the fabrication of a near-infrared avalanche photodetector with a gain-bandwidth product of over 300 GHz. The detector uses a Si multiplication layer and an InGaAs absorption layer. A 3 dB bandwidth of over 9 GHz was measured for current gains as high as 35. Photocurrent measurements using 1.3 μm light indicate a quantum efficiency for the detector of 0.60, near the limit expected based on the absorber thickness.
Monoclonal antibody against a tumor‐associated sialoglycoprotein of superficial papillary bladder tumors and cervical condylomas (1990)

A mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (MAb), 19A211, defining a tumor-associated cell-surface antigen of superficial papillary bladder tumors, was generated by immunizing with fresh bladder tumor cells mice neonatally injected with normal human urothelial cells. The reactivity of the antibody with cell lines was examined by indirect immunofluorescence staining and was restricted to 3/14 bladder cancer lines and 3/31 cancer cell lines of non-bladder origin, including HeLa cervical cancer. No normal fibroblast, kidney cells, EBV-lymphocytes, erythrocytes or leukocytes expressed the antigen. Reactivity of MAb 19A211 was well preserved on tissue paraffin sections. Immunoperoxidase staining of normal adult or fetal tissues showed no reactivity except for a patchy or uniform staining of umbrella cells in 6/23 adult and 1/4 fetal urothelium samples. Positive and often heterogeneous staining was observed on 24/38 papillary superficial tumors (Ta) and 4/5 carcinoma in situ bladder lesions but on only 4/20 infiltrating tumors. It was also observed on 5/6 cervical condylomas and one bladder condyloma, but none of 6 penile or vulvar condylomas. All other tumors tested were negative. The antigenic determinant is present on a heterogeneous group of proteins with molecular weights ranging from 90 to 200 kDa. It is sensitive to periodate treatment and to neuraminidase but only partially sensitive to proteases. MAb 19A211 is different from other reported MAbs with similar reactivity to superficial bladder tumors and umbrella cells of normal urothelium. When tested in competition assays, several of these MAbs, but not 19A211, were found to react with Lewis X blood group determinant. Our results suggest that 19A211 may be useful for detection and stratification of bladder tumors.
Predictive admission control strategy for overloaded commercial Web server (2002)

Uses a session-based workload to measure a Web server's performance. An overloaded Web server can experience a severe loss of throughput when measured as the number of completed sessions. Moreover, the overloaded Web server discriminates against longer sessions. Session-based admission control (SBAC) prevents a Web server from becoming overloaded and ensures that longer sessions can be completed. In this paper, we propose a new "predictive" strategy as a robust and flexible admission control mechanism, aiming to optimize the SBAC performance.
Development of a New Al - Ti Alloy Electrolytic Capacitor (1983)

A solid electrolytic capacitor made of an Al-Ti alloy porous body has been developed. The development of this capacitor is promising because it could be as small as tantalum capacitors and as inexpensive as aluminum capacitors. Its low cost results from the utilization of low-cost materials, while a unique powder metallurgy process results in a high CV product.
Fast multifield optimization of the biological effect in ion therapy (2006)

In this paper, we present a new technique for simultaneous multifield optimization of the biological effect (i.e. relative biological effectiveness times dose) for intensity modulated radiotherapy with ion beams. It offers complete inverse treatment planning by taking into account planning constraints for the target volume as well as for organs at risk. The approach is based on the mixed irradiation formalism of the linear-quadratic model from radiobiology. We employ a novel objective function to directly optimize the biological effect rather than the physical dose. The required biological input data are reduced to a minimum and are completely independent from the optimization itself. They can be derived from any radiobiological model or even from directly measured data. The new optimization method was fully integrated into our inverse treatment planning tool KonRad. Comparisons with the TRiP98 treatment planning code were done for simple spread-out Bragg peaks as well as for three-dimensional treatment plans, where all fields were optimized separately. While the agreement between both planning systems was very good, the calculation time was substantially reduced in KonRad. By enabling the multifield optimization, the quality of the treatment plans and the sparing of healthy tissues can be clearly improved.
Line width measurement of a capillary discharge soft x-ray laser (2011)

We measured the linewidth of a λ= 46.9 nm neon-like argon capillary discharge soft x-ray laser. A wavefront division interferometer based on a pair of dihedrons was used to resolve the laser line measuring the variation in the interference fringe visibility for different optical path differences. We measured a relative linewidths of Δλ/λ = 3-4 10<sup>-5</sup>. No significant re-broadening was observed when the length of the laser medium was increased beyond the saturation length due to effects that homogenizes the line profile.
Trace-driven system-level power evaluation of system-on-a-chip peripheral cores (2001)

Our earlier work for fast evaluation of power consumption of general cores in a system-on-a-chip described techniques that involved isolating high-level instructions of a core, measuring gate-level power consumption per instruction, and then annotating a system-level simulation model with the obtained data. In this work, we describe a method for speeding up the evaluation further, through the use of instruction traces and trace simulators for every core, not just microprocessor cores. Our method shows noticeable speedups at an acceptable loss of accuracy. We show that reducing trace sizes can speed up the method even further. The speedups allow for more extensive system-level power exploration and hence better optimization.
Development of an Electrochemical Acidification Cell for the Recovery of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> from Seawater (2011)

Based on continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) technology, a novel hybrid electrochemical acidification process has been developed to extract large quantities of CO2 from seawater. This indirect approach acidifies seawater to recover CO2 from bicarbonate. The electrolytic regeneration of cation exchange resin allowed simultaneous and continuous ion exchange and regeneration to occur within the cell along with control of the seawater pH. Lowering seawater pH was found to be proportional to the applied current to the cell, and the CO2 in the acidified seawater was readily removed at pH less than 6.0. In addition, the cell produced a portion of hydrogen gas without additional energy penalties.
<title>Haptic interaction with holographic video images</title> (1998)

We describe the implementation of a system which enables a user to interact with and modify an electronic holographic image using a force-feedback device. The force-feedback (or haptic) device is capable of sensing and reporting the 3D position of its hand-held stylus and displaying appropriate forces to the user. Thus, a user can feel and modify algorithmically specified shapes in the haptic workspace. We precisely register the haptic workspace with the free- standing, spatial image displayed by the MIT second-generate holographic video system (holovideo). In the coincident visuo-haptic workspace, a user can see, feel, and interact with synthetic objects that exhibit many of the properties one expects of real ones, and the spatial display enables synthetic objects to become a part of the user's manipulatory space. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that such an interactive holographic system has been built.
Dostoevsky (2018)

In this paper, we show that all mainstream LSM-tree based key-value stores in the literature and in industry are suboptimal with respect to how they trade off among the I/O costs of updates, point lookups, range lookups, as well as the cost of storage, measured as space-amplification. The reason is that they perform expensive merge operations in order to (1) bound the number of runs that a lookup has to probe, and to (2) remove obsolete entries to reclaim space. However, most of these merge operations reduce point lookup cost, long range lookup cost, and space-amplification by a negligible amount.
Micro-electro-mechanical charge sensing devices (2002)

Plasmas are being widely used in the semiconductor industry for delineation of fine line pattern and deposition at low temperature. In recent years, it has been reported that plasma non uniformity across the wafer due to non-uniformities in RF current flow, electron current flow, and ion current flow can cause significant charging of surfaces, which can severely degrade or destroy devices, especially MOS gate dielectrics. In this work we report for the first time, a device which can non-invasively measure this charging in-situ, in real time, in the plasma reactor, as opposed to the conventional method of inferring the charge from later measurement of device degradation. The charging is measured in-situ by measuring the deflection of micro-cantilevers.
Urine excretion strategy for stem cell-generated embryonic kidneys (2015)

There have been several recent attempts to generate, de novo, a functional whole kidney from stem cells using the organogenic niche or blastocyst complementation methods. However, none of these attempts succeeded in constructing a urinary excretion pathway for the stem cell-generated embryonic kidney. First, we transplanted metanephroi from cloned pig fetuses into gilts; the metanephroi grew to about 3 cm and produced urine, although hydronephrosis eventually was observed because of the lack of an excretion pathway. Second, we demonstrated the construction of urine excretion pathways in rats. Rat metanephroi or metanephroi with bladders (developed from cloacas) were transplanted into host rats. Histopathologic analysis showed that tubular lumina dilation and interstitial fibrosis were reduced in kidneys developed from cloacal transplants compared with metanephroi transplantation. Then we connected the host animal's ureter to the cloacal-developed bladder, a technique we called the "stepwise peristaltic ureter" (SWPU) system. The application of the SWPU system avoided hydronephrosis and permitted the cloacas to differentiate well, with cloacal urine being excreted persistently through the recipient ureter. Finally, we demonstrated a viable preclinical application of the SWPU system in cloned pigs. The SWPU system also inhibited hydronephrosis in the pig study. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the SWPU system may resolve two important problems in the generation of kidneys from stem cells: construction of a urine excretion pathway and continued growth of the newly generated kidney.
Discovering Conditional Functional Dependencies (2009)

This paper investigates the discovery of conditional functional dependencies (CFDs). CFDs are a recent extension of functional dependencies (FDs) by supporting patterns of semantically related constants, and can be used as rules for cleaning relational data. However, finding CFDs is an expensive process that involves intensive manual effort. To effectively identify data cleaning rules, we develop techniques for discovering CFDs from sample relations. We provide three methods for CFD discovery. The first, referred to as CFDMiner, is based on techniques for mining closed itemsets, and is used to discover constant CFDs, namely, CFDs with constant patterns only. The other two algorithms are developed for discovering general CFDs. The first algorithm, referred to as CTANE, is a levelwise algorithm that extends TANE, a well-known algorithm for mining FDs. The other, referred to as FastCFD, is based on the depthfirst approach used in FastFD, a method for discovering FDs. It leverages closed-itemset mining to reduce search space. Our experimental results demonstrate the following. (a) CFDMiner can be multiple orders of magnitude faster than CTANE and FastCFD for constant CFD discovery. (b) CTANE works well when a given sample relation is large, but it does not scale well with the arity of the relation. (c) FastCFD is far more efficient than CTANE when the arity of the relation is large.
Protecting Reservoir with Surfactant Micellar Drill-in Fluids in Carbonate-Contained Formations (2010)

Abstract Conventional water-based drill-in fluids contain high molecular weight polymers and different size-distribution solid particles to reduce fluid loss and carry drilling debris back to surface during the drilling process. The polymers and solid particles in the drill-in fluids usually generate near wellbore formation damage. This paper introduces a new polymer-free and solids-free surfactant micellar-based drill-in fluid system to drill a carbonate-contained reservoir. This new fluid system contains relatively low reactivity acids mixed with surfactants and internal breakers. The drill-in fluid is designed to have low viscosities in the drillpipe. After the fluid flows out of the drill bit, the acids will react with carbonates in the formation thereby increasing the pH of the drill-in fluids. The higher fluid pH combined with the presence of dissolved divalent ions will cause the surfactants to form elongated micelle structures that will significantly increase fluid viscosity at the bottom of the hole and in the downhole annulus between the drillpipe and the formation rock. The viscosified drill-in fluid will reduce fluid loss and will carry non-dissolved drilling debris to the surface. After drilling through the targeted formation, the internal breakers in the viscosified drill-in fluid will break down the fluid viscosity to permit their removal, and the well will produce with very little or no near-wellbore damage.
Bayesian maximum likelihood estimator of phase retardation for quantitative polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (2014)

This paper presents the theory and numerical implementation of a maximum likelihood estimator for local phase retardation (i.e., birefringence) measured using Jones-matrix-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Previous studies have shown conventional mean estimations of phase retardation and birefringence are significantly biased in the presence of system noise. Our estimator design is based on a Bayes' rule that relates the distributions of the measured birefringence under a particular true birefringence and the true birefringence under a particular measured birefringence. We used a Monte-Carlo method to calculate the likelihood function that describes the relationship between the distributions and numerically implement the estimator. Our numerical and experimental results show that the proposed estimator was asymptotically unbiased even with low signal-to-noise ratio and/or for the true phase retardations close to the edge of the measurement range. The estimator revealed detailed clinical features when applied to the in vivo anterior human eye.