gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Baseline-free fatigue crack detection based on spectral correlation and nonlinear wave modulation (2016)

By generating ultrasonic waves at two different frequencies onto a cracked structure, modulations due to crack-induced nonlinearity can be observed in the corresponding ultrasonic response. This nonlinear wave modulation phenomenon has been widely studied and proven capable of detecting a fatigue crack at a very early stage. However, under field conditions, other exogenous vibrations exist and the modulation components can be buried under ambient noises, making it difficult to extract the modulation components simply by using a spectral density function. In this study, the nonlinear modulation components in the ultrasonic response were extracted using a spectral correlation function (the double Fourier transform) with respect to time and time lag of a signal's autocorrelation. Using spectral correlation, noise or interference, which is spectrally overlapped with the nonlinear modulation components in the ultrasonic response, can be effectively removed or reduced. Only the nonlinear modulation components are accentuated at specific coordinates of the spectral correlation plot. A damage feature is defined by comparing the spectral correlation value between nonlinear modulation components with other spectral correlation values among randomly selected frequencies. Then, by analyzing the statistical characteristics of the multiple damage feature values obtained from different input frequency combinations, fatigue cracks can be detected without relying on baseline data obtained from the pristine condition of the target structure. In the end, an experimental test was conducted on aluminum plates with a real fatigue crack and the test signals were contaminated by simulated noises with varying signal-to-noise ratios. The results validated the proposed technique.
Up/Down Mixers for Satellite Communications Utilizing Rat-Race Circuits (1988)

A new design for up and down mixers, utilizing rat-race circuits for microwave-band transmitters and receivers, has been introduced. These MIC mixers provide the advantages of small size, low cost and ease of producibility. Additionally, structural and design considerations, and experimental results have also revealed excellent performance characteristics suited to satellite communication applications.
Abstract 5628: Novel cell permeable peptide inhibitors of PELP1 oncogenic functions (2012)

Abstract Estrogen receptor (ERα) is the fundamental transcription factor in breast cancer progression and a majority of breast cancers start as ERα positive. Therapies targeting ERα are effective; however, many eventually develop resistance and recur as metastases. ERα signaling is mediated by coregulator proteins that can have altered expression and/or function that promotes therapy resistance and metastasis by enhancing hormone-independent ERα signaling and by epigenetic changes. An alternative strategy for inhibiting ERα signaling in therapy resistant and metastatic tumors is to inhibit the function of ERα coregulators. PELP1 is an ERα coactivator and proto-oncogene which is overexpressed in breast cancer, promotes breast cancer progression by epigenetic changes at ERα target genes and is an independent marker of poor prognosis and breast cancer survival. The objective of this study is to develop an inhibitor of PELP1-mediated ERα coactivator functions. Since PELP1 lacks any known enzymatic activities, we targeted PELP1 protein-protein interactions to inhibit its oncogenic functions. We used a yeast two-hybrid system to screen a library of random peptides (∼10-7) fused to a transcriptional activation domain and identified 23 peptides with high affinity for PELP1. Two of these PELP1-inhibiting peptides (PIP-1 and PIP-2) significantly block PELP1 coactivator functions and we used a TAT-peptide fusion of PIPs to deliver the peptides into cells. Cellular uptake of the TAT- PIP was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and biotin-avidin peptide pull-down assays confirmed PELP1-PIP binding. Both PIP- 1 and -2 significantly inhibited PELP1-mediated proliferation in two ERα-positive breast cancer cells (MCF7 and ZR75). A GenBank search revealed homology of PIPs with the methyltransferase G9a (Bat8/KMT1C/EHMT2) that is commonly overexpressed in aggressive breast cancer, contributes to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors and promotes cancer invasion and metastasis. In vivo co-immunoprecipitation analysis and an in vitro binding assay confirmed PELP1 interaction with G9a. Peptide competition assays indicated that the TAT-fused peptides could interrupt PELP1-G9a interaction. Both PIP-1 and -2 substantially inhibited PELP1-mediated cell invasion/migration in Boyden chamber assays. Interestingly, disrupting PELP1-G9a interaction with PIPs sensitized resistant cells to hormonal therapy. Mechanistic studies revealed that PELP1-G9a interactions play a critical role in epigenetic changes in therapy resistant cells. In conclusion, our studies identified a novel inhibitor of PELP1 that can be used for therapeutic targeting of ERα-coregulator driven cancer progression and therapy resistance. This work was supported by the NIH grant CA095681 and CPRIT pre-doctoral fellowship. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5628. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5628
<i>B</i><sub>0</sub> inhomogeneity‐insensitive triple‐quantum‐filtered sodium imaging using a 12‐step phase‐cycling scheme (2010)

Triple-quantum-filtered (TQF) sodium MRI can be used to separate sodium NMR signals from different physiological compartments. Although three-pulse triple-quantum filtering has been demonstrated to be better suited for in vivo imaging, the absence of the refocusing pulse in the filter increases its sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities. Therefore, several TQF cycles have been developed previously to correct image distortions caused by B(0) inhomogeneities. In this paper, we present a new 12-step phase-cycling TQF scheme based on three radiofrequency pulses which allows the compensation of B(0) variations both with and without ancillary B(0) map information. The method offers 40% higher signal-to-noise-ratio efficiency compared with the previously developed B(0)-correcting phase-cycling schemes.
Development of a cost-effective optical system for detection of cervical pre-cancer (2002)

Cervical cancer is an important problem. The incidence of cervical pre-cancer is increasing, and unless current diagnostic techniques are improved, mortality and cost may increase substantially. The goal of our project is to find the most cost-effective optical system for the detection of cervical pre-cancer. Our hypothesis is that using fluorescence spectroscopy, a new technique for detection of cervical cancer and pre-cancer, will maintain the current technique's sensitivity, increase its specificity, and reduce its cost. In this paper we present a new method to calculate the fluorescence efficiency (FE) of human cervical tissue, based on in vivo measurements of 381 sites from 95 patients. This value is used in signal to noise ratio (SNR) calculations to evaluate the performance of different optical systems for detection of cervical pre-cancer. We verify that the predicted SNR values, obtained using FE, agree with the SNR of the patient's spectral data. We use the resulting data to generate a receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve that compares spectroscopy to the current standard of care. Finally, preliminary results of our economic analysis estimate that use of fluorescence spectroscopy could save $2.1 billion annually in the US.
Multicomponent Reactions Involving Arynes, Quinolines, and Aldehydes (2013)

The multicomponent reaction involving arynes, quinolines, and aldehydes leading to the diastereoselective synthesis of benzoxazino quinoline derivatives in good yields proceeding via 1,4-zwitterionic intermediates is reported. In addition, the synthetic potential of various carbonyl compounds in this reaction as well as the utility of isoquinoline as the nucleophilic trigger has been examined.
Design and fabrication of a SAW device with Ta filled microcavities inserted into its delay path for improved power transfer (2015)

The authors report the design and fabrication of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device with improved power transfer due to modification of its delay path. Typically, SAW delay-line devices suffer from relatively high insertion loss (IL) (∼10–30 dB). Our approach is to incorporate an array of microcavities, having square cross-sectional area (λ/2 × λ/2) and filled with tantalum, within the delay path to maximize acoustic confinement to the surface and reduce IL. To determine the effectiveness of the cavities without expending too many resources and to explain trends found in actual devices, a finite element model of a SAW device with tantalum filled cavities having various depths was utilized. For each depth simulated, IL was decreased compared to a standard SAW device. Microcavities 2.5 μm deep filled with tantalum showed the best performance (ΔIL = 17.93 dB). To validate simulated results, the authors fabricated a SAW device on ST 90°-X quartz with microcavities etched into its delay path using deep reactive ion etching and filled with tantalum. Measurement of fabricated devices showed inclusion of tantalum filled microcavities increased power transfer compared to a device without cavities.
The P53-MDM2 Interaction in a Cancer-Prone Family, and the Identification of a Novel Therapeutic Target (1996)

One approach to developing novel anti-cancer agents is to identify and characterise targets that directly regulate cell growth and are dysfunctional in the disease state. One such target is the interaction between the p53 tumour suppressor and the oncogene product of the murine double minute gene, MDM2. MDM2 is known to bind wild-type p53 and block the transcriptional activation of p53-dependent genes. We have previously described a cancer-prone family with elevated levels of wild-type p53, and now show that MDM2 is also over-expressed in the proband from this family. Interestingly, the overexpression of MDM2 is independent of other p53-regulated genes such as p21WAF1. The present work and a review of recent insights into the p53-MDM2 interaction, and p53 transcriptional activity, identify a new target site for the rational development of novel anti-cancer agents.
On line wire diagnosis using Multicarrier Time Domain Reflectometry for fault location (2009)

A method for on line wire diagnosis using reflectometry is presented. It consists in detecting and locating electric faults in wiring networks while the target system is running. Since the system is diagnosed on line, it is necessary to minimize interferences between the target system and the reflectometer. The Multicarrier Time Domain Reflectometry presented here allows a complete control of the spectrum of the injected signal in order to adapt it to the application constraints. The measurement error due to the spectrum distortion and a post-processing is proposed to provide valid reflectometry result close to those of classical methods for complex networks.
Modulation of Bacterial Quorum Sensing with Synthetic Ligands:  Systematic Evaluation of <i>N</i>-Acylated Homoserine Lactones in Multiple Species and New Insights into Their Mechanisms of Action (2007)

Bacteria use a language of low molecular weight ligands to assess their population densities in a process called quorum sensing. This chemical signaling process plays a pivotal role both in the pathogenesis of infectious disease and in beneficial symbioses. There is intense interest in the development of synthetic ligands that can intercept quorum-sensing signals and attenuate these divergent outcomes. Both broad-spectrum and species-selective modulators of quorum sensing hold significant value as small-molecule tools for fundamental studies of this complex cell-cell signaling process and for future biomedical and environmental applications. Here, we report the design and synthesis of focused collections of non-native N-acylated homoserine lactones and the systematic evaluation of these approximately 90 ligands across three Gram-negative bacterial species: the pathogens Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; the model symbiont Vibrio fischeri. This study is the first to report and compare the activities of a set of ligands across multiple species and has revealed some of the most potent synthetic modulators of quorum sensing to date. Moreover, several of these ligands exhibit agonistic or antagonistic activity in all three species, while other ligands are only active in one or two species. Analysis of the screening data revealed that at least a subset of these ligands modulate quorum sensing via a partial agonism mechanism. We also demonstrate that selected ligands can either inhibit or promote the production of elastase B, a key virulence factor in wild-type P. aeruginosa, depending on their concentrations. Overall, this work provides broad insights into the molecular features required for small-molecule inhibition or activation of quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, this study has supplied an expansive set of chemical tools for the further investigation of quorum-sensing pathways and responses.
Electrostatic-directed deposition of nanoparticles on a field generating substrate (2005)

We demonstrate a new assembly method to position metal nanoparticles delivered from the gas phase onto surfaces using the electrostatic force generated by biased p–n junction-patterned substrates. Aligned deposition patterns of metal nanoparticles were observed, and the patterning selectivity quantified. A simple model accounting for the generated electric field, and the electrostatic, van der Waals, and image forces, was used to explain the observed results.
TM-mode coupling coefficients in guided-wave distributed feedback lasers (1976)

An equation is derived for TM-mode coupling coefficients in guided-wave distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Results for GaAs:GaAlAs double-heterostructure lasers with rectangular, triangular, and sawtooth-shaped teeth, various Bragg diffraction orders, and transverse mode numbers are presented for TM modes and compared with those for TE modes. Generally, but not always, coupling coefficients for TE modes exceed those for TM modes.
Novel Compounds for the Synthesis of Cefdinir. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Video Splicing and Fuzzy Rate Control in IP Multi-Protocol Encapsulator for Tune-In Time Reduction in IP Datacasting (IPDC) over DVB-H (2006)

A novel video splicing and rate control method is proposed which minimizes the tune-in time in IPDC over DVB-H. DVB-H uses a time-sliced transmission scheme to reduce the power consumption used for radio reception. One of the significant factors in tune-in time is the time from the start of media decoding to the start of correct output from decoding, which would be minimized when a time-slice is started with a random access point picture such as an instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) picture in H.264/AVC. In IPDC over DVB-H, the encapsulation to time-slices is performed independently of encoding in a network element called IP encapsulator. At the time of encoding, time-slice boundaries are not known exactly, and it is impossible to govern the location of IDR pictures relative to time-slices. It is proposed that an additional stream consisting of IDR pictures only is transmitted to the IP encapsulator, which replaces pictures in a normal bitstream with IDR pictures according to time-slice boundaries in order to achieve the minimum tune-in time. It has to be ensured that the "spliced" bit stream resulting from the operation of the IP encapsulator complies with the hypothetical reference decoder (HRD) specification of H.264/AVC. A video rate control system utilizing a fuzzy controller is proposed to satisfy the HRD requirements for the spliced bit stream. Simulation results show that the proposed splicing method and rate control system can provide standard bit streams with good average quality of decoded video and with minimum tune-in time.
Inhibition of DKK1 Activity Is Associated with Increased Osteoblast Numbers and Bone Formation, Reduced Osteoclast Activity and Inhibition of Tumor Growth in the SCID-rab Model for Primary Myeloma. (2005)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that myeloma (MM) cells produce the Wnt signaling antagonist, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and that DKK1 inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts (Tian et al. NEJM 2003). This is thought to result in an uncoupling process that may lead to induction of lytic bone disease in MM and possibly promote tumor growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of DKK1 in our established SCID-rab model for primary MM. Growth of primary MM in this system is restricted to the implanted bone and associated with typical disease manifestations including increased osteoclast activity, reduced osteoblast numbers and induction of osteolytic bone disease (Yata & Yaccoby, Leukemia 2004). In this study, SCID-rab mice were engrafted with MM cells expressing DKK1 (assessed by global gene expression profiling) from 8 patients. The level of DKK1 expression was correlated with numbers of MRI and x-ray focal lesions in these patients. Following establishment of MM growth, as monitored by weekly measurement of human monoclonal immunoglobulins (hIg) in mouse sera and radiographically, mice were injected subcutaneously into the surrounding area of the implanted bone with neutralizing antibody (AB, R&D) against DKK1 (polyclonal AB: n=4, 50 μg/injection/2 days; monoclonal AB: n=4, 100 μg/injection/day) or control IgG AB, for 4–6 weeks. Whereas bone mineral density (BMD) in control mice was reduced by 7.1%±4.6% from pre-treatment levels, BMD in mice treated with anti-DKK1 was increased by 5.6%±6.7% from pre-treatment levels (p&lt;0.03). The bone anabolic effect of DKK1 AB was also visualized on x-rays and was detected in mice transplanted with cells from patients with low and high degree of bone disease. Histological examination revealed that myelomatous bones of DKK1 AB-treated mice had increased numbers of osteocalcin-expressing osteoblasts (45±5 vs. 16±2 per mm bone in control mice, p&lt;0.02) and reduced number of multinucleated TRAP-expressing multinucleated osteoclasts (5±3 vs. 13±2 per mm bone in control mice, p&lt;0.004). These results support recent reports demonstrating the critical involvement of Wnt signaling in osteoblasts in regulation of osteoclastogenesis as well (Glass et al., Dev. Cell 2005). Whereas in control mice myeloma burden increased in all experiments, anti-DKK1 treatment was associated with reduced tumor growth from pre-treatment levels in 4 of 8 experiments. Overall, myeloma tumor burden increased by 325%±122% and 165%±53% from pre-treatment levels in control and DKK1 AB-treated mice, respectively (p&lt;0.03). Furthermore, bone marrow areas with locally high numbers of differentiated osteoblasts were depleted of myeloma cells in DKK1 AB-treated hosts. We conclude that DKK1 is a key player in myeloma bone disease and that blocking DKK1 activity in myelomatous bones reduces osteolytic bone resorption, increases bone formation and helps control myeloma progression.
<title>Low-reflection high-transmission wide-viewing-angle TFT-LCDs for avionics applications</title> (1998)

Liquid crystal displays used in avionics applications are required to have high luminance, good color saturation, low reflection, good contrast ratio and gray scale separation in a wide range of viewing angle. In this paper, several unique solutions are provided to achieve these stringent requirements. In order to reduce display reflection under high ambient light, OIS proprietary multilayer inorganic black matrix is deposited using Plasma-enhanced CVD technique and the specular reflection of final display is measured to be less than 0.6%. High display luminance and good color saturation are achieved through increasing pixel opening to be more than 65% by using OIS patented high aperture TFT design. The viewing angle is improved using OIS patented retardation film laminated on the rear side of display. Excellent gray shade linearity and contrast ratio over +/- 60 degree(s) horizontal and -15 degree(s)/+40 degree(s) vertical viewing envelope is demonstrated. Finally, a 6.25' X 6.25' full color LCD with 512 X 512 resolution is developed based on these new technologies.
Multi-task learning of time series and its application to the travel\n demand (2017)

We address the problem of modeling and prediction of a set of temporal events\nin the context of intelligent transportation systems. To leverage the\ninformation shared by different events, we propose a multi-task learning\nframework. We develop a support vector regression model for joint learning of\nmutually dependent time series. It is the regularization-based multi-task\nlearning previously developed for the classification case and extended to time\nseries. We discuss the relatedness of observed time series and first deploy the\ndynamic time warping distance measure to identify groups of similar series.\nThen we take into account both time and scale warping and propose to align\nmultiple time series by inferring their common latent representation. We test\nthe proposed models on the problem of travel demand prediction in Nancy\n(France) public transport system and analyze the benefits of multi-task\nlearning.\n
Extending Complex Conjugate Control to Nonlinear Wave Energy Converters (2020)

This paper extends the concept of Complex Conjugate Control (CCC) of linear wave energy converters (WECs) to nonlinear WECs by designing optimal limit cycles with Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC). It will be shown that CCC for a regular wave is equivalent to a power factor of one in electrical power networks, equivalent to mechanical resonance in a mass-spring-damper (MSD) system, and equivalent to a linear limit cycle constrained to a Hamiltonian surface defined in HSSPFC. Specifically, the optimal linear limit cycle is defined as a second-order center in the phase plane projection of the constant energy orbit across the Hamiltonian surface. This concept of CCC described by a linear limit cycle constrained to a Hamiltonian surface will be extended to nonlinear limit cycles constrained to a Hamiltonian surface for maximum energy harvesting by the nonlinear WEC. The case studies presented confirm increased energy harvesting which utilizes nonlinear geometry realization for reactive power generation.