gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) on silver nanoparticles modified mesoporous silicon under visible light (2019)

Abstract The development of visible‐light photocatalysts with desirable material characteristics and efficient performance is an existing challenge for photocatalysis community. Herein, we report on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) modified porous silicon (PSi) nanopowder and its effective use in the photo‐reduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) to trivalent Cr(III) under direct visible light irradiation in the presence of citric acid. The PSi was prepared via simple stain etching of Si microparticles in HF/HNO 3 aqueous solution, followed by the deposition of AgNPs onto PSi by the immersion plating technique. The developed photocatalyst composed of PSi with <20 nm mesoporous structure, decorated with crystalline 15‐50 nm AgNPs. Photocatalytic experiments using unmodified Si microparticles, either PSi or sonicated one, indicated inactive catalytic behavior toward the photo‐reduction of Cr(VI). Remarkable photo‐reduction efficiency (97.4%) was achieved after 180 minutes irradiation using the AgNPs/PSi sample. The efficient photo‐reduction capability of AgNPs/PSi photocatalyst is attributed to the enhanced separation between photo‐generated electrons and holes (e − ‐h + ) enabling better utilization of light, as revealed from the photoluminescence measurement. Additionally, the presence of citric acid in solution promoted greatly the photo‐reduction reaction as it acted as a hole scavenger, suppressing further the rate of e − ‐h + recombination through rapid consumption of photo‐generated holes. Excellent reusability of the current photocatalyst was evidenced by performing cyclic five runs with minimal reactivity loss. Results of synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and reaction mechanism are thoroughly addressed and discussed.
Aminoalkoxybiphenylnitriles as Histamine‐3 Receptor Ligands. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2,2-Disubstituted Propionic Anhydrides: Effective Coupling Reagents for the Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols Using BTM (2009)

A variety of optically active benzylic alcohols possessing aliphatic substituents at the C-1 position are produced by the kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols using free carboxylic acids with 2,2-disubstituted propionic anhydrides and (+)-benzotetramisole (BTM). Evaluation of the efficiency of this asymmetric esterification using several anhydrides derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids were carried out by comparing the efficiencies of the kinetic resolution of (±)-l-phenyl-1-propanol. It was found that not only pivalic anhydride is a very widely usable reagent to produce the corresponding esters with high ee's in the presence of BTM, but other 2,2-disubstituted propionic anhydrides, such as 2-methyl-2-phenylpropionic anhydride (MPPRA) and 2,2-diphenylpropionic anhydride (DPPRA), are also applicable as effective coupling reagents for producing the optically active esters and alcohols with high selectivities. This protocol directly provides chiral carboxylic esters from free carboxylic acids and racemic secondary alcohols by utilizing the transacylation process to generate mixed anhydrides from the acid components and sterically hindered carboxylic anhydrides.
Asynchronous HMM with applications to speech recognition (2004)

We develop a novel formalism for modeling speech signals which are irregularly or incompletely sampled. This situation can arise in real world applications where the speech signal is being transmitted over an error prone channel where parts of the signal can be dropped. Typical speech systems based on hidden Markov models, cannot handle such data since HMMs rely on the assumption that observations are complete and made at regular intervals. We introduce the asynchronous HMM, a variant of the inhomogeneous HMM commonly used in bioinformatics, and show how it can be used to model irregularly or incompletely sampled data. A nested EM algorithm is presented in brief which can be used to learn the parameters of this asynchronous HMM. Evaluation on real world speech data, which has been modified to simulate channel errors, shows that this model and its variants significantly outperform the standard HMM and methods based on data interpolation.
Pulsed Operation of High‐Pressure‐Sodium Discharge Lamps (1990)

Abstract Results of spectral and photometric measurements are presented for pulsed operated high‐pressure‐sodium lamps. Choosing for the colour temperature a value of 3000 K, the output spectrum was optimized with respect to colour rendition and lamp efficacy taking the pulse parameters, the sodium mole fraction, and the cold spot temperature as quantities to be varied. For the nominal rating of 70 W a maximum lamp efficacy of 70 lm/W and a colour rendering index of 40 can be obtained. Further improvements of the colour rendition require an enhanced sodium vapour pressure which can be achieved by operating the lamp at rised cold spot temperature.
A New Class of Biodegradable Thermosensitive Polymers. I. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(organophosphazenes) with Methoxy-Poly(ethylene glycol) and Amino Acid Esters as Side Groups (1999)

Novel thermosensitive poly(organophosphazenes) bearing methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and amino acid esters as substituents have been synthesized, and their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has shown that some of the polymers exhibit crystallinity, which is probably induced by the MPEG side chain of the polymers. Most of the polymers show their LCSTs in the range of 25.0−98.5 °C, depending on several factors such as mole ratio of the substituents, molecular weight of the MPEG, and kinds of amino acids and esters. The more hydrophilic composition of the polymers offers the higher LCST. The LCST of the polymers exhibits almost concentration-independent behavior in the range of 3−30 wt % of the polymers in aqueous solution.
Inverse Pre-Deformation of Tetrahedral Mesh for Large Deformation Finite Element Analysis (2005)

Sketching continues to be a vital part of methods and technologies related to Concept Development, including those analyzed in this paper: "concept design with constraints", "solid from sketch", "sketching on a point cloud" and "geometric modeling of design constraints".Existing methods are analyzed and critical subproblems are identified.New solution methods are proposed for the subjects "solid from sketch" and "sketching on a point cloud".
Production of large volume, strongly magnetized laser-produced plasmas by use of pulsed external magnetic fields (2013)

The production of strongly magnetized laser plasmas, of interest for laboratory astrophysics and inertial confinement fusion studies, is presented. This is achieved by coupling a 16 kV pulse-power system. This is achieved by coupling a 16 kV pulse-power system, which generates a magnetic field by means of a split coil, with the ELFIE laser facility at Ecole Polytechnique. In order to influence the plasma dynamics in a significant manner, the system can generate, repetitively and without debris, high amplitude magnetic fields (40 T) in a manner compatible with a high-energy laser environment. A description of the system and preliminary results demonstrating the possibility to magnetically collimate plasma jets are given.
2D arbitrary shape‐selective excitation summed spectroscopy (ASSESS) (2007)

Conventional single-voxel localization for MR spectroscopy (MRS) is restricted to selecting only rectangular-shaped regions of interest (ROIs). The complexity of tissue shapes of interest and the desire to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while minimizing partial-volume effects require more sophisticated localization techniques. A group of spatially selective RF pulses are proposed in this work for the measurement of spectra from regions of arbitrary shape based on using a radial trajectory in k-space. Utilizing a single k-line per excitation results in a broad spectroscopic bandwidth. However, spatial localization accuracy is compromised for nutation angles > 10 degrees because of the small-tip-angle approximation of the Bloch equations. By interleaving multiple radial k-lines per excitation with nonselective refocusing pulses, one can achieve accurate localization for nutation angles up to 90 degrees while simultaneously maintaining the spectral bandwidth. The technique is described and compared with existing localization methods, and in vivo results are demonstrated.
Non-invasive detection of respiratory muscles activity during assisted ventilation (2002)

The instantaneous pressure applied by the respiratory muscles [Pmus(t)] of a patient under ventilatory support may be continuously assessed with the help of a model of the passive respiratory system updated cycle by cycle. Inspiratory activity (IA) is considered present when Pmus goes below a given threshold. In six patients, we compared IA with (i) inspiratory activity (IAref) obtained from esophageal pressure and diaphragmatic EMG and (ii) that (IAvent) detected by the ventilator. In any case, a ventilator support onset coincides with an IA onset but the opposite is not true. IA onset is always later than IAref beginning ((0.21 +/- 0.10 s) and IA end always precedes IAref end (0.46 +/- 0.16 s). These results clearly deteriorate when the model is not updated.
Spherical Harmonic Decomposition of a Sound Field Based on Microphones Around the Circumference of a Human Head (2021)

We present a method for decomposing a sound field into spherical harmonics (SH) based on observations of the sound field around the circumference of a human head. The method is based on the analytical solution for observations of the sound field along the equator of a rigid sphere that we presented recently. The present method incorporates a calibration stage in which the microphone signals for sound sources at a suitable set of calibration positions are projected onto the SH decomposition of the same sound field on the surface of a notional rigid sphere by means of a linear filtering operation. The filter coefficients are computed from the calibration data via a least-squares fit. We present an evaluation of the method based on binaural rendering of numerically simulated signals for an array of 18 microphones providing 8th SH order to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Mechanisms of cytoprotection (1984)

Gastric cytoprotection is the property of certain substances, particularly prostaglandins, to protect the gastric mucosa from becoming inflamed and necrotic when exposed to noxious agents. The protection occurs under the surface epithelium that lines the gastric mucosa. Among the injurious agents used as models are absolute ethanol, a strong acid or a strong base, and hypertonic solutions. A variety of prostaglandins, given either orally or parenterally, prevent in a dose-dependent manner development of these mucosal necrotic lesions.
A chemokine-binding domain in the tumor necrosis factor receptor from variola (smallpox) virus (2006)

Variola virus (VaV) is the causative agent of smallpox, one of the most devastating diseases encountered by man, that was eradicated in 1980. The deliberate release of VaV would have catastrophic consequences on global public health. However, the mechanisms that contribute to smallpox pathogenesis are poorly understood at the molecular level. The ability of viruses to evade the host defense mechanisms is an important determinant of viral pathogenesis. Here we show that the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) homologue CrmB encoded by VaV functions not only as a soluble decoy TNFR but also as a highly specific binding protein for several chemokines that mediate recruitment of immune cells to mucosal surfaces and the skin, sites of virus entry and viral replication at late stages of smallpox. CrmB binds chemokines through its C-terminal domain, which is unrelated to TNFRs, was named smallpox virus-encoded chemokine receptor (SECRET) domain and uncovers a family of poxvirus chemokine inhibitors. An active SECRET domain was found in another viral TNFR (CrmD) and three secreted proteins encoded by orthopoxviruses. These findings identify a previously undescribed chemokine-binding and inhibitory domain unrelated to host chemokine receptors and a mechanism of immune modulation in VaV that may influence smallpox pathogenesis.
Amorphous silicon waveguide components for monolithic integration with InGaAsP gain sections (2006)

Low loss, single mode rib waveguides, based on PECVD deposited multi-layer amorphous silicon are fabricated. These waveguide are refractive index and mode-matched to III/V laser waveguides. Methods for monolithic integration of these passive amorphous silicon waveguides with InGaAsP/InP gain sections are demonstrated. Results of a multi-wavelength laser based on an amorphous silicon arrayed waveguide grating integrated on a single chip with InGaAsP gain sections are presented.
Non-uniform optimal sampling for simultaneous source survey design (2014)

Summary Optimal selection of locations for sensors in a seismic survey has been a long-standing issue for geophysicists. If we could sample the earth at two points per wavelength or better in all dimensions according to Nyquist sampling theory, design would not be an issue. The reality of limited access and funding requires us to make do with orders of magnitude fewer sampling points than Nyquist theory would dictate. The field of Compressive Sensing provides a new theory for non-uniform sampling that allows for using significantly fewer sensors than current practice in seismic exploration (Herrmann, 2010). We use these principles to define a pragmatic framework for seismic survey design, acquisition, processing and imaging, that we refer to as Compressive Seismic Imaging (CSI). In previous work we have described the CSI frameworks used for creating optimally sampled locations for sources and receivers that maximize our ability to recover the available bandwidth in seismic data. These same principles can be used to design surveys that use multiple simultaneous sources. In this paper we describe work flows for designing Non-Uniform Optimal Sampling (NUOS) locations for sources that maximize our ability to de-blend the data at high signal-to-noise ratios back to individual shot records. These work flows were used to design a blended dual-source survey that was shot immediately after the completion of a traditional single-source survey. Shooting time for the blended survey was reduced by more than half, with comparable or better data quality obtained for the blended source survey compared to the single source survey. After simple fast track processing, 4D differences between the blended and single source data were comparable to those obtained for 4D projects with similar geometries in nearby areas.
Design and implementation of ultra-low latency optical label switching for packet-switched WDM networks (2000)

An ultra-low latency, high throughput Internet protocol (IP) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) packet switching technology for next-generation Internet (NGI) applications has been designed and demonstrated. This method overcomes limitations of conventional optical packet switching, which require buffering of packets and synchronization of bits, and optical burst switching methods that require estimation of delays at each node and for each path. An optical label switching technique was developed to realize flexible bandwidth-on-demand packet transport on a reconfigurable WDM network. The aim was to design a network with simplified protocol stacks, scalability, and data transparency. This network will enable the NGI users to send their data applications at gigabit/second access speed with low and predictable latency (<1 /spl mu/sec per switch node), with a system capacity of beyond multi-Tb/s. Packet forwarding utilizes WDM optical headers that are carried in-band on the same wavelength and modulated out-of-band in the frequency domain.
Design and fabrication of projectiles for round bore railguns (1985)

A hypervelocity railgun system which operates in a vacuum and uses a gas gun injector to pre-accelerate the projectiles required that the projectile seal operate over wide pressure and velocity ranges. In our case, the helium gas gun injector operated at up to 35 MPa (5 ksi) while the railgun, using a plasma arc armature, operated at up to 150 MPa (22 ksi). In addition to gas and arc sealing, it was necessary that a metal fuse be attached to the rear of the projectile in order to electrically commutate the rails upon entry to the railgun. This paper discusses procedures and techniques in the design and fabrication of projectiles for a round bore railgun. It is divided into three sections: (1) machining the projectile; (2) fuse fabrication; and (3) assembly of the projectile/fuse package.
Packet Switching and Replication of Multicast Traffic by Crosspoint Buffered Packet Switches (2007)

Multicast traffic is expected to increase in packet-oriented networks by the inclusion of broadcast and multimedia-on-demand services. In addition to the high performance for unicast services, combined input-crosspoint buffered (CICB) packet switches have intrinsic properties that are favorable for switching and replication of multicast packets. In this paper we study the performance of CICB packet switches, including those with dedicated and shared crosspoint buffers (SMCB), both under multicast traffic. Furthermore, we propose arbitration schemes for shared-buffer packet switches to handle multicast traffic and study their performance on switching-replication efficiency. We show that the SMCB switch efficiently handles multicast traffic with uniform distribution of fan outs, and that its achievable throughput is comparable to that of a CICB switch. This property, combined with the efficient memory utilization, makes the SMCB switch an attractive solution for unicast and multicast networks.
An Economic Synthesis of New Thiazole Derivative as a Potent Anticancer, Anti-Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Larvicidal Agent (2021)

In this article, the synthesis of a new thiazole derivative using a novel and economic synthetic route is described. This compound has antitumor, antimicrobial, and larvicidal properties. It is worth noting that the synthesized thiazole has been patented [No. US 10,501,426 B1; date of patent: December 10, 2019].
Boolean symmetric searchable encryption (2013)

In this article we tackle the issue of searchable encryption with a generalized query model. Departing from many previous works that focused on queries consisting of a single keyword, we consider the the case of queries consisting of arbitrary boolean expressions on keywords, that is to say conjunctions and disjunctions of keywords and their complement. Our construction of boolean symmetric searchable encryption BSSE is mainly based on the orthogonalization of the keyword field according to the Gram-Schmidt process. Each document stored in an outsourced server is associated with a label which contains all the keywords corresponding to the document, and searches are performed by way of a simple inner product. Furthermore, the queries in the BSSE scheme are randomized. This randomization hides the search pattern of the user since the search results cannot be associated deterministically to queries. We formally define an adaptive security model for the BSSE scheme. In addition, the search complexity is in $O(n)$ where $n$ is the number of documents stored in the outsourced server.
Further Development of a Tissue Engineered Muscle Repair Construct <i>In Vitro</i> for Enhanced Functional Recovery Following Implantation <i>In Vivo</i> in a Murine Model of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury (2012)

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) can result from trauma and surgery in civilian and military populations, resulting in irrecoverable functional and cosmetic deficits that cannot be effectively treated with current therapies. Previous work evaluated a bioreactor-based tissue engineering approach in which muscle derived cells (MDCs) were seeded onto bladder acellular matrices (BAM) and mechanically preconditioned. This first generation tissue engineered muscle repair (TEMR) construct exhibited a largely differentiated cellular morphology consisting primarily of myotubes, and moreover, significantly improved functional recovery within 2 months of implantation in a murine latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle with a surgically created VML injury. The present report extends these initial observations to further document the importance of the cellular phenotype and composition of the TEMR construct in vitro to the functional recovery observed following implantation in vivo. To this end, three distinct TEMR constructs were created by seeding MDCs onto BAM as follows: (1) a short-term cellular proliferation of MDCs to generate primarily myoblasts without bioreactor preconditioning (TEMR-1SP), (2) a prolonged cellular differentiation and maturation period that included bioreactor preconditioning (TEMR-1SPD; identical to the first generation TEMR construct), and (3) similar treatment as TEMR-1SPD but with a second application of MDCs during bioreactor preconditioning (TEMR-2SPD); simulating aspects of "exercise" in vitro. Assessment of maximal tetanic force generation on retrieved LD muscles in vitro revealed that TEMR-1SP and TEMR-1SPD constructs promoted either an accelerated (i.e., 1 month) or a prolonged (i.e., 2 month postinjury) functional recovery, respectively, of similar magnitude. Meanwhile, TEMR-2SPD constructs promoted both an accelerated and prolonged functional recovery, resulting in twice the magnitude of functional recovery of either TEMR-1SP or TEMR-1SPD constructs. Histological and molecular analyses indicated that TEMR constructs mediated functional recovery via regeneration of functional muscle fibers either at the interface of the construct and the native tissue or within the BAM scaffolding independent of the native tissue. Taken together these findings are encouraging for the further development and clinical application of TEMR constructs as a VML injury treatment.
Design and prototyping of a soft magnetic anchored and guidance endoscope system (2017)

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has seen substantial development in recent decades. In MIS, particularly in laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) surgery, the surgical site is always crowded. One potential solution is the magnetic anchored and guidance system (MAGS), which liberates instruments from constraint of the accessing port. Current MAGS are all made by rigid components, which relies on articulated joints to maneuver inside the surgical cavity. Moreover, fabricating and assembling the MAGS are difficult due to the small size of the components. In this work, we present the design, modeling, fabrication and testing of a novel soft MAGS endoscope system. The system includes the external controller and the internal unit, which contains a soft body, two magnets and a replaceable wireless camera. It is compact, safe, lightweight and easy to make. Experimental results show that the system could offer stable maneuvering both in lab settings and in porcine model.
Photodynamic therapy with local photosensitizer delivery inhibits experimental intimal hyperplasia (1998)

Site-specific delivery of liposomal BPD followed by PDT represents a safe method to treat arteries, and may be effectively used in vivo to inhibit the development of intimal hyperplasia.