gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Model for Synthesis Distortion Estimation in 3D Video (2013)

We propose an analytical model to estimate the synthesized view quality in 3D video. The model relates errors in the depth images to the synthesis quality, taking into account texture image characteristics, texture image quality, and the rendering process. Especially, we decompose the synthesis distortion into texture-error induced distortion and depth-error induced distortion. We analyze the depth-error induced distortion using an approach combining frequency and spatial domain techniques. Experiment results with video sequences and coding/rendering tools used in MPEG 3DV activities show that our analytical model can accurately estimate the synthesis noise power. Thus, the model can be used to estimate the rendering quality for different system designs.
Beryllium based multilayers for normal incidence extreme ultraviolet reflectance (1994)

We report the experimental results of beryllium based multilayer mirrors for use in the 11.4 nm region. Mirrors using molybdenum as the high-Z material have demonstrated 68.7% peak reflectance at 11.3 nm.
7B-3 Direct Estimation of Shear Modulus using Spatially Modulated Acoustic Radiation Force Impulses (2007)

We present a method for estimating the shear modulus of tissue using impulsively applied acoustic radiation force with a specific spatial variation in intensity. Using one of several proposed techniques, we phase elements of a linear array to generate a lateral intensity variation of a desired spatial frequency. The temporal frequency of the shear wave generated by this spatially modulated force is directly related to the shear modulus at the pushing location. A Siemens Antares scanner was used to generate the spatially varying pushing beams and track motion in graphite/gelatin phantoms. The phantoms had shear moduli of 1.5 and 5.6kPa as measured with standard mechanical testing methods. Using spatially modulated radiation force with a wavelength of 1 mm, we estimated the gelatin phantom shear moduli to be 1.4 and 5.8 kPa, within 7% and 4% of the mechanically measured values. Simulated and experimentally measured images of induced vibration frequency and modulus in lesion phantoms are presented.
A diffusion-weighted imaging based diagnostic system for early detection of prostate cancer (2013)

A new framework for early diagnosis of prostate cancer using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) is proposed. The proposed diagnostic approach consists of the following four steps to detect locations that are suspicious for prostate cancer: 1) In the first step, we isolate the prostate from the surrounding anatomical structures based on a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimate of a new log-likelihood function that accounts for the shape priori, the spatial interaction, and the current appearance of prostate tissues and its background (surrounding anatomical structures); 2) In order to take into account any local deformation between the segmented prostates at different b-values that could occur during the scanning process due to local motion, a non-rigid registration algorithm is employed; 3) A KNN-based classifier is used to classify the prostate into benign or malignant based on three appearance features extracted from registered images; and 4) The tumor boundaries are determined using a level set deformable model controlled by the diffusion information and the spatial interactions between the prostate voxels. Preliminary experiments on 28 patients (17 malignant and 11 benign) resulted in 100% correct classification, showing that the proposed method is a promising supplement to current technologies (biopsy-based diagnostic systems) for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Magnetically Responsive Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications Using Low Magnetic Field Strengths (2009)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of magnetic nanoparticles for enhancing drug delivery using a low oscillating magnetic field (OMF) strength. We investigated the ability of magnetic nanoparticles to cause disruption of a viscous biopolymer barrier to drug delivery and the potential to induce triggered release of drug conjugated to the surfaces of these particles. Various magnetic nanoparticles were screened for thermal response under a 295-kHz OMF with an amplitude of 3.1 kA/m. Based on thermal activity of particles screened, we selected the nanoparticles that displayed desired characteristics for evaluation in a simplified model of an extracellular barrier to drug delivery, using lambda DNA/HindIII. Results indicate that nanoparticles could be used to induce DNA breakage to enhance local diffusion of drugs, despite low temperatures of heating. Additional studies showed increased diffusion of quantum dots in this model by single-particle tracking methods. Bimane was conjugated to the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscope images of the conjugated nanoparticles indicated little change in the overall appearance of the nanoparticles. A release study showed greater drug release using OMF, while maintaining low bulk heating of the samples (T = 30 degrees C). This study indicates that lower magnetic field strengths may be successfully utilized for drug delivery applications as a method for drug delivery transport enhancement and drug release switches.
Turboprop: Improved PROPELLER imaging (2006)

A variant of periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) MRI, called turboprop, is introduced. This method employs an oscillating readout gradient during each spin echo of the echo train to collect more lines of data per echo train, which reduces the minimum scan time, motion-related artifact, and specific absorption rate (SAR) while increasing sampling efficiency. It can be applied to conventional fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging; however, this article emphasizes its application in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The method is described and compared with conventional PROPELLER imaging, and clinical images collected with this PROPELLER variant are shown.
Low-loss interconnection between electrooptic and passive polymer waveguides with a vertical taper (2002)

To enable the hybrid integration of electrooptic (EO) polymer and low-loss passive waveguides, a low-loss interconnection between the two waveguides is demonstrated based upon adiabatic coupling in a vertically tapered waveguide. Fluorinated passive polymers incorporated in this device exhibit 0.35 dB/cm of propagation loss, and the EO polymer has an EO coefficient of 35 pm/V and high thermal stability with a glass transition temperature of 200/spl deg/C. According to a beam propagation method simulation, the interconnection loss could be negligible if the taper length is longer than 300 μm. From the fabricated device, an interconnection loss of 0.4 dB is demonstrated by cutback measurement of the waveguide loss.
Soluble CD80 restores T cell activation and overcomes tumor cell Programmed Death Ligand-1-mediated suppression (46.8) (2012)

Abstract One of the mechanisms tumor cells employ to escape anti-tumor immunity is expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1or B7-H1). PD-L1 protects tumor cells by binding to its receptor Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) on activated T cells, thereby causing T cell apoptosis. We previously reported that transfection of tumor cells to express the costimulatory molecule CD80 prevents PD-1 binding and restores T cell activation, consistent with the concept that CD80 binds to PD-L1 and inhibits PD-L1/PD-1 interaction. Since it is not therapeutically feasible to transfect tumor cells with CD80, we have tested a soluble form of CD80, consisting of the extracellular domains of the molecule, for its ability to overcome PD-L1-mediated suppression. Treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma, mammary carcinoma, and cutaneous melanoma cells with soluble CD80 prevents PD-L1-mediated suppression and restores T cell activation. Because on-going clinical trials have shown that mAbs to PD-1 facilitate tumor rejection, we have compared the efficacy of soluble CD80 vs. mAbs to PD-1 or PD-L1. Soluble CD80 treatment is more effective in restoring T cell activation than treatment with mAbs to either PD-1or PD-L1. Therefore, soluble CD80 may be a therapeutic agent for facilitating tumor-specific immunity by overcoming PD-L1-induced immune suppression, and is potentially more effective than mAbs to either PD-1 or PD-L1.
Statistical shared plan-based dialog management (2008)

In this paper we describe a statistical shared plan-based approach to dialog modeling and dialog management. We apply this approach to a corpus of human-human spoken dialogs. We compare the performance of models trained on transcribed and automatically recognized speech, and present ideas for further improving the models.
Modulated interference effects: use of photoelastic modulators with lasers (1995)

When photoelastic modulators (PEMs) are used with lasers as light sources, modulated interference effects may appear as spurious signals at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of the PEM. They are correlated with the modulator reference signal and are at precisely the same frequencies as the polarization modulation effects being studied. This modulated interference does not appear to be a problem with any light source other than lasers. The modulated interference effects arise because of interference between light reflected at the surfaces of the modulator optical element and the primary beam and relative motion of these two surfaces synchronized with the modulator oscillations. Interference in modulator optical elements, which is similar to multiple beam interference in thin films, is examined. Criteria for estimating the strength of the modulated interference are presented and a simple test for the presence of modulated interference in an optical system that includes a PEM is described. Several strategies are presented for reducing or eliminating these troublesome effects including (1) careful positioning of the PEM, (2) use of antireflective (AR) coatings, and (3) techniques that physically separate the primary beam from multiple reflected beams. Data are given for suppression of the modulated interference by using AR coatings and for one method of beam separation.
The loss of female sex pheromone after mating in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea: identification of a male pheromonostatic peptide. (1995)

Female moths often become depleted of sex pheromone after mating as the various components of virgin behavior are switched off. In examining a potential male contribution to these events in the corn earworm moth Helicoverpa zea, we have characterized a basic polypeptide from the tissues producing (accessory glands) and storing (duplex) the seminal fluids. The peptide evokes the depletion of sex pheromone when injected into virgin females. This pheromonostatic peptide (PSP) is 57 amino acids long and contains a single disulfide bridge. It is blocked at the N terminus with pyroglutamate and at the C terminus by amidation. As little as 23 ng of peptide evokes the near-complete depletion of pheromone in decapitated (neck-ligated) females that had been injected with pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide. Activity is approximately 15-fold less in intact virgins, showing that the head limits the expression of activity in these injected females. Females mated to surgically impaired males, capable of producing a spermatophore but not transferring spermatozoa or seminal fluids, are depleted of pheromone by injected peptide. Females whose abdominal nerve cords have been severed are not depleted of pheromone after mating. Thus, neural signals either descending or ascending via the nerve cord are required for the depletion of pheromone after mating. PSP, from the seminal fluids, may participate in this process by direct or indirect action on the glandular tissue; if so, it represents an unusual mechanism in insects for the regulation by seminal fluids of postmating reproductive behavior.
Advances and Insights for Small Molecule Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (2018)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of the immune response whose dysregulation is tied to a broad spectrum of inflammatory and proliferative disorders. As its complex signaling pathways and pleiotropic nature have been elucidated, it has become an attractive target for drug discovery. Remarkably, MIF is both a cytokine and an enzyme that functions as a keto-enol tautomerase. Strategies including in silico modeling, virtual screening, high-throughput screening, and screening of anti-inflammatory natural products have led to a large and diverse catalogue of MIF inhibitors as well as some understanding of the structure-activity relationships for compounds binding MIF's tautomerase active site. With possible clinical trials of some MIF inhibitors on the horizon, it is an opportune time to review the literature to seek trends, address inconsistencies, and identify promising new avenues of research.
Synthesis, characterization, and x-ray structural determinations of technetium(V)-oxo-tetradentate amine oxime complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, characterization, and x-ray structural determinations of technetium(V)-oxo-tetradentate amine oxime complexesSilva Jurisson, E. O. Schlemper, D. E. Troutner, L. R. Canning, D. P. Nowotnik, and R. D. NeirinckxCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 4, 543–549Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00224a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00224a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Scalable coarse integral holographic video display with integrated spatial image tiling (2020)

The dynamic Coarse Integral Holography (CIH) display demonstrated previously can scan the low space bandwidth product (SBP) holographic images delivered by a high bandwidth spatial light modulator (SLM) to form a hologram array for angular tiling of the 3D images for a large field-of-view but only a modest size despite the utilization of the full bandwidth of the SLM in use. In this paper, we propose a scalable approach using seamless spatial tiling of the full bandwidth images generated by two high bandwidth SLMs using a resonant scanner and a high performance galvanometric scanner for a scalable CIH display capable of achieving twice of the final image size and doubled horizontal field-of-view (FOV). A proof-of-concept system is demonstrated with integrated full-parallax holographic 3D images. The proposed method has the potential to tile images generated by more than two SLMs for scalable large size and wide FOV holographic displays.
An automatic locating system for cloud-to-ground lightning (1980)

Automatic locating systems which respond to cloud to ground lightning and which discriminate against cloud discharges and background noise are described. Subsystems of the locating system, which include the direction finder and the position analyzer, are discussed. The direction finder senses the electromagnetic fields radiated by lightning on two orthogonal magnetic loop antennas and on a flat plate electric antenna. The position analyzer is a preprogrammed microcomputer system which automatically computes, maps, and records lightning locations in real time using data inputs from the direction finder. The use of the locating systems for wildfire management and fire weather forecasting is discussed.
Multi-objective evolutionary optimization of agent-based models: An application to emergency response planning (2006)

Agent-based models (ABMs) / multi-agent systems (MASs) are today one of the most widely used modeling– simulation–analysis approaches for understanding the dynamical behavior of complex systems. These models are often characterized by several parameters with nonlinear interactions which together determine the global system dynamics, usually measured by different conflicting criteria. The problem that emerges is that of tuning the controllable system parameters at the local level, in order to reach some desirable global behavior. In this research paper, we cast the tuning of an ABM for emergency response planning as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP). We then propose the use of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) for exploration and optimization of the resultant search space. We employ two well-known MOEAs, the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and the Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy (PAES), and test their performance for different pairs of objectives for plan evaluation. In the experimental results, the approximate Pareto front of the non-dominated solutions is effectively obtained. Further, a conflict between the proposed objectives is patent. Additional robustness analysis is performed to help policymakers select a plan according to higher-level information or criteria not present in the original problem description.
Single-mode single-lobe operation of surface-emitting second-order distributed feedback lasers (2000)

Thin-p-clad, 0.97 micrometers -emitting lasers with 2<SUP>nd</SUP>-order Au/air gratings and asymmetrically facet-coated, surface emit in a diffraction-limited (0.11 degree(s)) lobe, in agreement with theory. Then, symmetrically AR-coated surface-emitting devices with central phase shifts >= (lambda) /4 are found to lase in an orthonormal single lobe with good efficiency and near-field uniformity. The best solution is to use surface emitters with central phase shift and DBR end mirrors: external differential quantum efficiencies of 60 - 70% are obtained over wide ranges (120 - 160 degree(s)C) in central-phaseshift value.
GaAs<inf>1-x</inf>Sb<inf>x</inf>1.06&amp;#181;m avalanche photodiodes (1976)

Progress toward achieving high gain, avalanche photodiodes operating at 1.06µm is described. 1.06µm photodiodes have been fabricated (3 mil × 3 mil) with average gain of >14 at a leakage current of 150 na. These devices are fabricated from GaAs <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Sb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> material grown by LPE on GaAs substrates. Multiple layer step graded structures are used to reduce stress in the active layers. A self-terminated depletion region design has been found to give significant improvement in gain uniformity.
Notice of Removal: Imaging of tissue displacement during focused ultrasound neuromodulation in vivo (2017)

Removed.
Adaptive layout for dynamically aggregated documents (2008)

We present a system for designing and displaying grid-based document designs that adapt to many different viewing conditions and content selections. Our system can display traditional, static documents, or it can assemble dynamic documents "on the fly" from many disparate sources via the Internet. Our adaptive layouts for aggregated documents are inspired by traditional newspaper design. Furthermore, our system allows documents to be interactive so that readers can customize documents as they read them. Our system builds on previous work on adaptive documents, using constraint-based templates to specify content-independent page designs. The new templates we describe are much more flexible in their ability to adapt to different types of content and viewing situations. This flexibility comes from allowing the individual components, or "elements," of the templates to be mixed and matched, according to the content being displayed. We demonstrate our system with two example applications: an interactive news reader for the New York Times, and an Internet news aggregator based on MSN Newsbot.
Role of the sulfonylurea receptor in regulating human adipocyte metabolism (1999)

A regulatory role for intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in adipocyte lipogenesis, lipolysis and triglyceride accumulation has been demonstrated. Compounds acting on the pancreatic sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) to increase (e.g., glibenclamide) or decrease (e.g., diazoxide) [Ca2+]i cause corresponding increases and decreases in weight gain. However, these weight gain and loss effects have been attributed to insulin release rather than to the primary effects of these compounds on the adipocyte SUR and its associated K(ATP) channel. Accordingly, we have evaluated the direct role of the human adipocyte SUR in regulating adipocyte metabolism. We used RT-PCR with primers for a highly conserved region of SUR1 to demonstrate that human adipocytes express SUR1. The PCR product was confirmed by sequence analysis and used as a probe to demonstrate adipocyte SUR1 expression by Northern blot analysis. Adipocytes exhibited glibenclamide dose-responsive (0-20 microM) increases in [Ca2+]i (P<0.05). Similarly, glibenclamide (10 microM) caused a 67% increase in adipocyte fatty acid synthase activity (P<0.001), a 48% increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (P<0.01) and a 68% inhibition in lipolysis (P<0.01), whereas diazoxide (10 microM) completely prevented each of these effects. These data demonstrate that human adipocytes express a SUR that regulates [Ca2+]i and, consequently, exerts coordinate control over lipogenesis and lipolysis. Accordingly, the adipocyte SUR1 may represent an important target for the development of therapeutic interventions in obesity.
A New PWM ZVS Full-Bridge Converter (2007)

A soft-switched full-bridge (FB) converter that features zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of the bridge switches over a wide output-load range is introduced. The proposed converter achieves ZVS with substantially reduced duty-cycle loss and circulating current. The control of the proposed converter can be implemented either with the phase-shift or pulsewidth modulated (PWM) technique. The performance of the proposed topology was verified on a 2-kW (48-V/40-A) experimental PWM FB converter prototype operating at 120 kHz from a 380-V dc input
Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Crystallization (2010)

We describe a platform technology, called metal-assisted and microwave-assisted evaporative crystallization (MA-MAEC), based on the combined use of silver nanoparticles and microwave heating for selective and rapid crystallization of small molecules. In this regard, the crystallization of a model small molecule (glycine) was achieved in several seconds. Glycine crystals grown on silver nanostructures with and without microwave heating were found to be larger than those grown on blank glass slides. The MA-MAEC technique has the potential to selectively grow the desired polymorphs of small molecules "on-demand" in a fraction of the time as compared to the conventional evaporative crystallization.