gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid-crystal orientational bistability and nematic storage effects (1980)

A new class of nematic liquid-crystal storage effects with potential display applications is described. We have developed structures, produced by special surface alignment patterns, exhibiting bistable configurations. Switching between states has been demonstrated with both electric and magnetic fields. The movement of disclinations and the topological distinction between states play essential roles in bistable switching. The properties of the bistable states and a proposed switching mechanism are described.
Effects of <i>Escherichia coli</i> ribosomal protein S12 mutations on cell‐free protein synthesis (2004)

We examined the effects of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 mutations on the efficiency of cell-free protein synthesis. By screening 150 spontaneous streptomycin-resistant isolates from E. coli BL21, we successfully obtained seven mutants of the S12 protein, including two streptomycin-dependent mutants. The mutations occurred at Lys42, Lys87, Pro90 and Gly91 of the 30S ribosomal protein S12. We prepared S30 extracts from mutant cells harvested in the mid-log phase. Their protein synthesis activities were compared by measuring the yields of the active chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Higher protein production (1.3-fold) than the wild-type was observed with the mutant that replaced Lys42 with Thr (K42T). The K42R, K42N, and K42I strains showed lower activities, while the other mutant strains with Lys87, Pro90 and Pro91 did not show any significant difference from the wild-type. We also assessed the frequency of Leu misincorporation in poly(U)-dependent poly(Phe) synthesis. In this assay system, almost all mutants showed higher accuracy and lower activity than the wild-type. However, K42T offered higher activity, in addition to high accuracy. Furthermore, when 14 mouse cDNA sequences were used as test templates, the protein yields of nine templates in the K42T system were 1.2-2 times higher than that of the wild-type.
Ozone bleaching of recycled paper (1993)

Chlorinated bleaching chemicals, notably chlorine and hypochlorite, are still being used to bleach deinked, woodfree pulps. Increasing environmental concern about the use of these chemicals--coupled with the industry's efforts to increase the use of recycled fibers--highlight the need to develop better techniques for producing high-quality deinked pulp. Results presented in this report suggest that deinked fibers can be treated with ozone followed by a peroxide bleaching stage to produce a high-quality pulp.
Inhaled calcilytics: effects on airway inflammation and remodeling (2016)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and there is a lack of available drugs that reduce the decline in lung function seen with disease progression. Therefore, there is clearly an unmet need for new therapeutics. Previously, we have shown that calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) activation elicits airways hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in pre-clinical in vivo murine models of asthma. However, the role of CaSR in the progression of COPD is currently unknown. In this article, a role for CaSR and topical calcilytic therapies will be proposed and discussed to reduce COPD pathogenesis and disease progression. The proposal is supported by new data on the anti-inflammatory effects of the inhaled negative allosteric CaSR modulator or calcilytic, NPS89636. The effects of NPS89636 were studied in an in vivo model of COPD induced in guinea pigs by inhalation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS); as in human subjects with COPD, pulmonary inflammation in the guinea pig lungs were shown to be insensitive to inhaled corticosteroids. Here, we show that treatment with NPS89636 reduced inflammation, specifically leukocyte and neutrophil infiltration, in the airways of LPS-treated animals. In addition, calcilytic treatment reduced lung interstitial wall thickening. These effects were unlikely attributable to off-target calcilytic actions on the parathyroid glands, as free ionized blood calcium levels were not altered for up to 24 hours after calcilytic inhalation. Together, these observations suggested that topically delivered calcilytics may represent a novel treatment strategy for COPD.
Investigation of a new readout scheme for high resolution scintillation crystal arrays using photodiodes (1997)

We are exploring the possibility of using PIN photodiodes to readout the scintillation crystals used in positron emission tomography (PET) detector designs. Semiconductor photodetectors typically have a lower signal to noise ratio than photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). However, they have the advantage of compactness, and, thus, scintillation crystal readout schemes not available to PMTs because of their size and geometry limitations, are readily available to photodiodes. With current PET detector designs, only a small fraction of the available scintillation light, created from 511 keV gamma ray interactions within the crystal, is collected. Scintillation light collection studies were performed for several crystal geometries and surface treatments using both simulations and measurements. In this report, we present a feasible photodiode readout scheme that allows greater than 90% of the available scintillation light created in either BGO or LSO scintillation crystals to be collected by the photodetector. This improvement in light collection with the photodiode readout somewhat compensates for its lower inherent signal to noise ratios and makes it feasible for use in PET detectors. A coincident timing spectrum resolution of 9.4 ns FWHM was measured for 511 keV interactions with one LSO crystal coupled to a photodiode, the other to a PMT.
Static specification analysis for termination of specification-based data structure repair (2005)

We have developed a system that accepts a specification of key data structure consistency constraints, then dynamically detects and repairs violations of these constraints. It is possible to write specifications that are not satisfiable or that for other reasons may cause the repair process to not terminate. We present a static specification analysis that determines whether the repair process terminates for a given specification.
Optical code division multiple access encoders and decoders based on superstructured fiber Bragg gratings (2001)

We report a range of elementary optical coding and decoding experiments employing superstructured fiber Bragg grating (SSFBG) components for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system. Firstly, we perform a comparative study of the relative merits of bipolar and unipolar coding:decoding schemes and show that the SSFBG approach allows high quality Unipolar and bipolar coding. A performance close to that theoretically predicted for 7-chip, 160 Gchip/s M-sequence codes is obtained. Secondly, we report the fabrication and performance of 63-chip, 160 Gchip/s, bipolar Gold sequence grating pairs. These codes are at least 8 times longer than those generated by any other scheme based on fiber grating technology so far reported. Finally, we describe a range of transmission system experiments for both the 7 and 63-bit bipolar grating pairs. Error-free performance is obtained over transmission distances of ~25km of standard fiber. In addition, we have demonstrated error-fr<br/>ee/penalty-free performance under multi-user operation (two simultaneous users). Our results highlight the precision and flexibility of our particular grating writing process and show that SSFBG technology represents a promising technology not just for OCDMA but an extended range of other pulse shaping, optical processing applications.
Advances in the development of encapsulant for mercuric iodide x-ray detectors (1990)

Advances in the development of protective impermeable encapsulants with high transparency to ultra-low-energy X-rays for use on HgI/sub 2/ X-ray detectors are reported. Various X-ray fluorescence spectra from coated detectors are presented. The X-ray absorption in the encapsulants has been analyzed using characteristic radiation from various elements. Results suggest that low-energy cutoffs for the detectors are not determined solely by the encapsulating coatings presently employed but are also influenced by the front electrode and surface effects, which can affect the local electric field or the surface recombination velocity. An energy resolution of 182 eV (FWHM) has been achieved for Ni L lines at 850 eV. Improved detector sensitivity to X-ray energies under 700 eV is demonstrated. >
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Thiolated Bicyclic and Monocyclic β‐Lactams. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibodies to V3 loop peptides derived from chimpanzee lentiviruses and the divergent HIV-1ANT-70 isolate in human sera from different geographic regions (1994)

The extent to which different V3 peptide reactivity patterns reflect the circulation of different HIV-1 strains in a particular population is not yet clear. However, V3 peptide serology using the very specific V3 peptide of the HIVANT-70 is a good indicator of the very aberrant group O in a particular population.
Berberine significantly reduces plasma total cholesterol and nonhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Golden Syrian hamsters (2006)

At present, people are actively seeking efficacious natural products to help reduce or maintain their cholesterol levels within a healthy range. In this regard, the plant alkaloid berberine has received a renewed interest for its significant lipid‐lowering capability and for its novel mechanism of action to reduce plasma cholesterol. However, only a few studies have been carried out to date and it is important to look further into the efficacy and safety, as well as examine the mechanisms by which this natural compound lowers both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The present study examined the effect and safety of dietary supplementation with berberine on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in an animal model. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed with either a semi‐synthetic research diet containing 0.15% cholesterol and 5% fat or the control diet with addition of 100 mg/kg/d of berberine. After 4 wk, plasma total cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol levels were reduced by 22% ( P < 0.0001) and 28% ( P < 0.0001). Although a trend of triglyceride reduction was observed after berberine supplementation, it was not significantly different from that of the control group. Histopathological examinations in the major organs did not reveal any significant pathological changes due to berberine supplementation. It may be concluded that berberine is a potent natural agent to reduce plasma cholesterol levels without apparent side effects in hamsters.
cDNA and protein characterization of humanMAGE-10 (1999)

MAGE genes are frequently expressed in several types of human malignancy and code for antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (MAb), named 6C1, that recognizes the MAGE-1 protein and cross-reacts with a 72-kDa protein present in lysates of melanoma cells such as MZ2-MEL. To identify this protein, we have screened an expression library prepared from MZ2-MEL cells. Several clones that encoded a protein recognized by antibody 6C1 contained a sequence identical to that of MAGE-10, another member of the MAGE-A gene family. Full-length MAGE-10 cDNA clones, obtained after screening additional cDNA melanoma libraries, were found to be approximately 2.5 kb in length. In vitro translation and transient transfection experiments indicated that MAGE-10 codes for a protein of approximately 72 kDa. This product was recognized by MAb 6C1 as well as by a polyclonal serum raised against a MAGE-10 peptide, thus demonstrating its identity with MAGE-10. Analysis of MAGE-10 mRNA by RT-PCR confirmed its presence in testis and placenta but not in other normal tissues. Expression of MAGE-10 in melanoma tumors was found to parallel that of MAGE-1. Western blot analysis with the polyclonal anti-MAGE-10 antibody showed the presence of MAGE-10 in lysates of purified trophoblast cells. Immuno-cytochemistry of cultured melanoma cells indicated that MAGE-10 is a nuclear protein.
Engineering fluorescent proteins towards ultimate performances: lessons from the newly developed cyan variants (2016)

New fluorescent proteins (FPs) are constantly discovered from natural sources, and submitted to intensive engineering based on random mutagenesis and directed evolution. However, most of these newly developed FPs fail to achieve all the performances required for their bioimaging applications. The design of highly optimised FP-based reporters, simultaneously displaying appropriate colour, multimeric state, chromophore maturation, brightness, photostability and environmental sensitivity will require a better understanding of the structural and dynamic determinants of FP photophysics.
Data from Ceramide Analogue SACLAC Modulates Sphingolipid Levels and <i>MCL-1</i> Splicing to Induce Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the blood and bone marrow. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 25%, and recent therapeutic developments have yielded little survival benefit. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets. We previously demonstrated that acid ceramidase (ASAH1, referred to as AC) is upregulated in AML and high AC activity correlates with poor patient survival. Here, we characterized a novel AC inhibitor, SACLAC, that significantly reduced the viability of AML cells with an EC<sub>50</sub> of approximately 3 μmol/L across 30 human AML cell lines. Treatment of AML cell lines with SACLAC effectively blocked AC activity and induced a decrease in sphingosine 1-phosphate and a 2.5-fold increase in total ceramide levels. Mechanistically, we showed that SACLAC treatment led to reduced levels of splicing factor SF3B1 and alternative <i>MCL-1</i> mRNA splicing in multiple human AML cell lines. This increased proapoptotic MCL-1S levels and contributed to SACLAC-induced apoptosis in AML cells. The apoptotic effects of SACLAC were attenuated by SF3B1 or MCL-1 overexpression and by selective knockdown of MCL-1S. Furthermore, AC knockdown and exogenous C16-ceramide supplementation induced similar changes in SF3B1 level and MCL-1S/L ratio. Finally, we demonstrated that SACLAC treatment leads to a 37% to 75% reduction in leukemic burden in two human AML xenograft mouse models.</p>Implications:<p>These data further emphasize AC as a therapeutic target in AML and define SACLAC as a potent inhibitor to be further optimized for future clinical development.</p></div>
Pancharatnam-Berry optical element sorter of full angular momentum eigenstate (2016)

We propose and numerically demonstrate a Pancharatnam-Berry optical element (PBOE) device that simultaneously sorts spin (SAM) and orbital (OAM) angular momentum. This device exploits the circular polarization selective properties of PBOEs to modulate independently the orthogonal SAM eigenstates within a geometric optical transformation that sorts OAM, enabling single measurement characterization of the full angular momentum eigenstate. This expands the available state space for OAM communication and enables characterization of the eigenmode composition of structured polarization beams. We define the two-dimensional orientation patterns of the transversely varying half-waveplate PBOEs that implement the angular momentum sorter. We show that the device discriminates the OAM and SAM eigenstates of optical beams including laser cavity modes such as Laguerre-Gaussian OAM eigenmodes, Hermite-Gaussian modes, and hybrid modes with complex structured polarization. We also demonstrate that it can determine the m parameter of higher order LGml Laguerre-Gaussian modes. The ability of this device to decode information from spatially structured optical phase has potential for applications in communication, encryption, modal characterization, and scientific measurements.
Stressin<sub>1</sub>-A, a Potent Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (CRF<sub>1</sub>)-Selective Peptide Agonist (2007)

The potencies and selectivity of peptide CRF antagonists is increased through structural constraints, suggesting that the resulting ligands assume distinct conformations when interacting with CRF1 and CRF2 receptors. To develop selective CRF receptor agonists, we have scanned the sequence -Gln-Ala-His-Ser-Asn-Arg- (residues 30-35 of [DPhe12,Nle21,38]Ac-hCRF4-41) with an i-(i+3) bridge consisting of the Glui-Xaa-Xbb-Lysi+3 scaffold, where residues i=30, 31, and 32. When i=31, stressin1-A, a potent CRF1 receptor-selective agonist was generated. In vitro, stressin1-A was equipotent to h/rCRF to release ACTH. Astressin1-A showed a low nanomolar affinity for CRF1 receptor (Ki=1.7 nM) and greater than 100-fold selectivity versus CRF2 receptor (Ki=222 nM). Stressin1-A released slightly less ACTH than oCRF in adult adrenal-intact male rats, with increased duration of action. Stressin1-A, injected intraperitoneally in rats, induced fecal pellet output (a CRF1 receptor-mediated response) and did not influence gastric emptying and blood pressure (CRF2 receptor-mediated responses).
Fast Aerosol Analysis by Fourier Transform Imaging Fluorescence Microscopy (1998)

Fourier transform imaging spectroscopy was combined with fluorescence microscopy and a cooled CCD detector for fast analysis of aerosols contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Aerosols were collected on glass fiber filters and inspected, for the first time, by this imaging technique, which provides a full fluorescence spectrum at each pixel. Mapping of PAH contamination was carried out and used for identification and quantification of the compounds. Quantification limits (based on 95% confidence intervals of calibration plots) in the 10 ng cm(-)(2) range on filter are reported, which corresponds to 20 ng m(-)(3) in air, integrated in 1 min. The absolute detection limit (on filter) is estimated as low as 0.25 pg, corresponding to an air concentration of 0.5 pg m(-)(3), integrated in 1 min. The method is examined for analysis of monocomponent contamination and for simple mixtures. After a proper automation, this method has the potential to provide in situ and on-line results regarding particulate airborne PAH contaminations.
Robotic Sacrocolpopexy Simulation Model and Associated Hierarchical Task Analysis (2019)

We demonstrate construction and use of a robotic sacrocolpopexy simulation model to aid surgeons in training. Further, the hierarchical task analysis provides a method to assess the model's ability to replicate each step of robotic sacrocolpopexy.
Atomic Layer Deposition of the Quaternary Chalcogenide Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (2012)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a layer-by-layer synthesis method capable of depositing conformal thin films with thickness and compositional control on subnanometer length scales. While many materials have been synthesized by ALD, the technologically important metal sulfides are underexplored, and homogeneous quaternary metal sulfides are absent from the literature. We report an ALD process to synthesize Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), a potentially low cost semiconductor being explored for photovoltaic applications. Two strategies are reported: one in which a trilayer stack of binary metal sulfides (i.e., Cu2S, SnS2 and ZnS) is deposited and mixed by thermal annealing, as well as a supercycle strategy that is similar to the conventional ALD procedure for forming nanolaminates. Both routes rely on the facile solid state diffusion of chalcogenides for mixing. For this ALD route to the CZTS system, the challenges are nucleation, ion-exchange between the film and the volatile chemical precursors, and phase-stability of binary SnS2. The thin films were made with no sulfurization step. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra were consistent with the formation of CZTS. X-ray fluorescence measurements revealed that the films contained the expected amount of sulfur based on the target oxidation states. Photoelectrochemical measurements under simulated AM1.5 illumination using Eu3+ as an electron acceptor demonstrated that the films were photoactive and had an average internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 12%.
6.0-Inch Extended Graphics Array Reflective Liquid Crystal Display Using Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistors for Electronic Paper Display (2011)

We focused on the off-state current ( I off ) of oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFT) (In–Ga–Zn-oxide TFTs), which is lower than that of amorphous silicon TFTs and successfully made a prototype of a 6.0-in. extended graphics array (XGA) reflective liquid crystal display (RLCD) panel integrally including a data selection demultiplexer and a scan driver and capable of displaying still images at 1/180 fps. When still images are displayed, the frame frequency can be set low. This means that the frequency of rewrites of image data is markedly reduced. This leads to the reduction in the power consumption of an LCD panel. Our panel can solve the problems of electronic paper displays: high drive voltage and difficulty of displaying moving images. Thus, our panel is suitable for electronic paper displays.
Soft-Output Finite Alphabet Equalization for mmWave Massive MIMO (2020)

Nxt-generation wireless systems are expected to combine millimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technologies to deliver high data-rates. These technologies require the basestations (BSs) to process high-dimensional data at extreme rates, which results in high power dissipation and system costs. Finite-alphabet equalization has been proposed recently to reduce the power consumption and silicon area of uplink spatial equalization circuitry at the BS by coarsely quantizing the equalization matrix. In this work, we improve upon finite-alphabet equalization by performing unbiased estimation and soft-output computation for coded systems. By simulating a massive MU-MIMO system that uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and per-user convolutional coding, we show that soft-output finite-alphabet equalization delivers competitive error-rate performance using only 1 to 3 bits per entry of the equalization matrix, even for challenging mmWave channels.
Mutant Selection Window Hypothesis Updated (2007)

The mutant selection window hypothesis postulates that, for each antimicrobial-pathogen combination, an antimicrobial concentration range exists in which selective amplification of single-step, drug-resistant mutants occurs. This hypothesis suggests an antimutant dosing strategy that is keyed to the upper boundary of the selection window: the mutant prevention concentration. Correlations are described between the mutant prevention concentration--a static parameter that is measured with agar plates--and fluctuating drug concentrations that restrict mutant amplification in vitro and in animals. When drug resistance is acquired stepwise, the mutant selection window increases, making the suppression of each successive mutant increasingly more difficult. For agents that kill drug-resistant mutants in a drug concentration-dependent manner, the use of the area under the 24-h time-drug concentration curve value divided by the value of the mutant prevention concentration is suggested as an index for designing antimutant dosing regimens. The need for such regimens is emphasized by a clinical example in which acquisition of drug resistance occurs concurrently with eradication of susceptible bacterial cells. These data support using the mutant selection window to optimize antimicrobial dosing regimens.