gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ad-hoc multi-hop underwater optical network for deep ocean monitoring (2013)

We present a fully ad-hoc, optical multi-hop underwater optical sensor network. All network nodes are identical, uncabled and battery operated with the exception of the master node which represents the terminal link to land for real-time monitoring capability. Multi-hop functionality allows for high-bandwidth underwater communication without sacrificing range. Ad-hoc capability allows for nodes to dynamically enter and exit the network, forming arbitrary topologies. Onboard sensors imbue every network node with monitoring capability. Redundant onboard data storage and automatic rerouting of communication paths create a mesh sensing network ideal for high-density, large-area sensor networks deployed to regions with high-risk of node loss and intermittent connectivity. Multi-hop and dynamic ad-hoc capabilities were tested in salt-water pools. The communications algorithm and high-level node design are presented.
The Protein Moiety of <i>Brucella abortus</i> Outer Membrane Protein 16 Is a New Bacterial Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern That Activates Dendritic Cells In Vivo, Induces a Th1 Immune Response, and Is a Promising Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine against Systemic and Oral Acquired Brucellosis (2010)

Knowing the inherent stimulatory properties of the lipid moiety of bacterial lipoproteins, we first hypothesized that Brucella abortus outer membrane protein (Omp)16 lipoprotein would be able to elicit a protective immune response without the need of external adjuvants. In this study, we demonstrate that Omp16 administered by the i.p. route confers significant protection against B. abortus infection and that the protective response evoked is independent of the protein lipidation. To date, Omp16 is the first Brucella protein that without the requirement of external adjuvants is able to induce similar protection levels to the control live vaccine S19. Moreover, the protein portion of Omp16 (unlipidated Omp16 [U-Omp16]) elicits a protective response when administered by the oral route. Either systemic or oral immunization with U-Omp16 elicits a Th1-specific response. These abilities of U-Omp16 indicate that it is endowed with self-adjuvanting properties. The adjuvanticity of U-Omp16 could be explained, at least in part, by its capacity to activate dendritic cells in vivo. U-Omp16 is also able to stimulate dendritic cells and macrophages in vitro. The latter property and its ability to induce a protective Th1 immune response against B. abortus infection have been found to be TLR4 dependent. The facts that U-Omp16 is an oral protective Ag and possesses a mucosal self-adjuvanting property led us to develop a plant-made vaccine expressing U-Omp16. Our results indicate that plant-expressed recombinant U-Omp16 is able to confer protective immunity, when given orally, indicating that a plant-based oral vaccine expressing U-Omp16 could be a valuable approach to controlling this disease.
A new approach to well-defined, stable and site-isolated catalysts (2007)

A new concept to circumvent some of the problems that are hindering a rational metallic catalyst development is introduced. Investigation of conventional metal catalysts — which consist of supported metals, metal mixtures or alloys — is handicapped by the presence of a variety of active sites, their possible agglomeration, metal–support interactions as well as segregation of the components. In order to avoid most of the drawbacks, we employ well-defined, ordered and in-situ stable unsupported intermetallic compounds. Knowledge of the chemical bonding in the compounds and the defined neighbourhood of the active sites allows a rational approach to catalysts with excellent selectivity as well as long-term stability. The concept is demonstrated for the intermetallic compound PdGa, which is applied as catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene.
Electric-Field-Enhanced Condensation on Superhydrophobic Nanostructured Surfaces (2013)

When condensed droplets coalesce on a superhydrophobic nanostructured surface, the resulting droplet can jump due to the conversion of excess surface energy into kinetic energy. This phenomenon has been shown to enhance condensation heat transfer by up to 30% compared to state-of-the-art dropwise condensing surfaces. However, after the droplets jump away from the surface, the existence of the vapor flow toward the condensing surface increases the drag on the jumping droplets, which can lead to complete droplet reversal and return to the surface. This effect limits the possible heat transfer enhancement because larger droplets form upon droplet return to the surface, which impedes heat transfer until they can be either removed by jumping again or finally shedding via gravity. By characterizing individual droplet trajectories during condensation on superhydrophobic nanostructured copper oxide (CuO) surfaces, we show that this vapor flow entrainment dominates droplet motion for droplets smaller than R ≈ 30 μm at moderate heat fluxes (q″ > 2 W/cm(2)). Subsequently, we demonstrate electric-field-enhanced condensation, whereby an externally applied electric field prevents jumping droplet return. This concept leverages our recent insight that these droplets gain a net positive charge due to charge separation of the electric double layer at the hydrophobic coating. As a result, with scalable superhydrophobic CuO surfaces, we experimentally demonstrated a 50% higher overall condensation heat transfer coefficient compared to that on a jumping-droplet surface with no applied field for low supersaturations (<1.12). This work not only shows significant condensation heat transfer enhancement but also offers avenues for improving the performance of self-cleaning and anti-icing surfaces as well as thermal diodes.
Two different features of ZnO: Transparent ZnO:Ga electrodes for InGaN-LEDs and homoepitaxial ZnO films for UV-LEDs (2006)

We have used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to deposit gallium (Ga) doped ZnO (ZnO:Ga) films. The as-deposited ZnO:Ga films have worked as ohmic contacts for the p-type GaN layers without any kinds of post annealing process. The as-deposited ZnO:Ga films on <i>a</i>-plane sapphire substrates have resistivities of 2-4×10<sup>-4</sup> Ωcm, and over 80 % transparency in the near-UV and visible wavelength regions. The brightness of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with ZnO:Ga <i>p</i>-contacts has doubled compared to LEDs with conventional Ni/Au semi-transparent p-contacts when measuring the brightness from right above the device surfaces. In addition, using MBE, we have grown homoepitaxial polar ZnO films on (000+1)-plane (+c-plane) ZnO substrates, and also grown non-polar ZnO films on (1-100)-plane (<i>m</i>-plane) and (11-20)-plane (<i>a</i>-plane) ZnO substrates. Growth temperatures have not affected nitrogen-doping levels for +c-axis oriented (Zn-polar) nitrogen doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films. The phenomena were quite different from that for (000-1)-axis (-<i>c</i>-axis) oriented (oxygen-polar) growth, where nitrogen concentrations in ZnO decrease with increasing growth temperatures. We have observed <i>c</i>-axis direction growth for both of <i>m</i>-axis and <i>a</i>-axis oriented films. Oxygen-rich growth conditions flatten surfaces for both <i>m</i>-axis and <i>a</i>-axis oriented films, and the surfaces of <i>m</i>-axis oriented ZnO films flatten with increasing growth temperatures. Nitrogen concentrations in <i>m</i>-axis oriented ZnO:N films have been independent on growth temperatures.
MO-D-332-09: Cardiac Function Measurements On An Interventional C-Arm System with Isotropic Spatial Resolution and High Temporal Resolution Using Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS) (2008)

Purpose: To achieve three dimensional isotropic dynamic cardiac CT imaging with high temporal resolution for evaluation of cardiac function with a slowly rotating C-arm system. In this work we propose an acquisition and image reconstruction framework which enables simultaneously high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. Method and Materials: A recently introduced extension to compressed sensing in which a prior image is used as a constraint in the reconstruction has enabled this application. This new algorithm is referred to as Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS). An in-vivo animal experiment (e.g. a beagle model) was conducted using an interventional C-arm system. The imaging protocol was as follows: contrast was injected, the contrast equilibrated, breathing was suspended for ∼14 seconds during which time 420 equally spaced projections were acquired. This data set was used to reconstruct a fully sampled blurred image volume using the conventional FDK algorithm (e.g. the prior image). Then the data set was retrospectively gated into 19 phases according to the recorded ECG signal (heart rate ∼ 95bpm) and images were reconstructed with the PICCS algorithm. Results: Cardiac MR was used as the gold standard due to its high temporal resolution. The same short-axis slice was selected from the PICCS-CT data set and the MR data set. Manual contouring on the peak systolic and peak diastolic frames was performed to assess the ejection fraction contribution from this single plane. The calculated ejection fractions with PICCS-CT agreed well with the MR results. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the ability to use a slowly rotating interventional C-arm system in order to make measurements of cardiac function. The new technique provides high isotropic spatial resolution (∼0.5 mm) along with high temporal resolution (∼ 33 ms). The evaluation of cardiac function demonstrated agreement with single slice cardiac MR.
Role of the Glycopeptide Framework in the Antibacterial Activity of Hydrophobic Derivatives of Glycopeptide Antibiotics (2003)

The antibacterial properties of glycopeptide antibiotics are based on their interaction with the d-Ala-d-Ala containing pentapeptide of bacterial peptidoglycan. The hydrophobic amides of vancomycin (1), teicoplanin (2), teicoplanin aglycon (3), and eremomycin (4) were compared with similar amides of minimally or low active des-(N-methyl-d-leucyl)eremomycin (5), eremomycin aglycon (6), des-(N-methyl-d-leucyl)eremomycin aglycon (7), and a teicoplanin degradation product TB-TPA (8). All hydrophobic amides of 1, 3, 4, and 6 were almost equally active against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) <or= 4 microg/mL] and had better activity against Gram-positive strains sensitive to glycopeptides than against GRE. Extensive degradation of the glycopeptide framework in amides of 7 and 8 led to a decrease of anti-GRE activity (MIC = 16-64 microg/mL), and for these derivatives MIC values for bacterial strains sensitive and resistant to glycopeptides were very close. These results suggest that in sensitive bacteria two mechanisms of action are operating for the hydrophobic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics with the nondamaged peptide core-interaction with the d-Ala-d-Ala moiety and the inhibition of bacterial membrane bound enzymatic reactions, whereas for GRE lacking the d-Ala-d-Ala fragment, only the second mechanism is operating. It appears that a minimal glycopeptide core is required for activity, and that more extensive degradation results in a serious decrease of antibacterial activity.
Modeling of multiple planning target volumes for head and neck treatments in knowledge‐based treatment planning (2019)

The proposed modeling workflow generates DVH predictions with improved accuracy and robustness when multiple PTVs exist in a plan. It has demonstrated that the improvement in the DVH prediction model translates into better plan quality in knowledge-based planning.
Human iPS cell-engineered cardiac tissue sheets with cardiomyocytes and vascular cells for cardiac regeneration (2014)

To realize cardiac regeneration using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), strategies for cell preparation, tissue engineering and transplantation must be explored. Here we report a new protocol for the simultaneous induction of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and vascular cells [endothelial cells (ECs)/vascular mural cells (MCs)], and generate entirely hiPSC-engineered cardiovascular cell sheets, which showed advantageous therapeutic effects in infarcted hearts. The protocol adds to a previous differentiation protocol of CMs by using stage-specific supplementation of vascular endothelial cell growth factor for the additional induction of vascular cells. Using this cell sheet technology, we successfully generated physically integrated cardiac tissue sheets (hiPSC-CTSs). HiPSC-CTS transplantation to rat infarcted hearts significantly improved cardiac function. In addition to neovascularization, we confirmed that engrafted human cells mainly consisted of CMs in >40% of transplanted rats four weeks after transplantation. Thus, our HiPSC-CTSs show promise for cardiac regenerative therapy.
Multiplexed immunophenotyping of circulating exosomes on nano-engineered ExoProfile chip towards early diagnosis of cancer (2019)

An integrated, 3D nano-engineered exosome profiling platform (ExoProfile chip) was developed to afford ultrasensitive, multiplexed detection of a panel of surface protein markers on circulating exosomes with a minuscular volume of plasma.
Transmission code for high-speed fibre-optic data networks (1983)

A new DC-balanced 8B/10B code for packet transmission on fibre-optic links optimises data integrity, efficiency and implementation cost. It translates eight bits into ten with bounds of five and six on run length and digital sum variation, respectively. Encoders and decoders built with 380 ECL 10K-series gates have passed tests at 20 Mbytes/s.
Prokineticin-1 evokes secretory and contractile activity in rat small intestine (2009)

These results demonstrate that PROK1 has oral prokinetic and secretogogue activity and that it acts on the intestinal mucosa via PK-R1 and prostaglandin receptors to mediate these effects.
Creating an Artificial Fingerprint Cast for Latent Fingerprint Study (2022)

Most of the fingerprints found at crime scenes are in latent fingerprint forms, and it is difficult to observe those fingerprints with the naked eye. Even if it is assumed that a latent fingerprint is remaining on an object, the method of developing the latent fingerprint differs depending on the surface type of the object. Therefore, a study must be performed by imprinting a latent fingerprint on an object, which is similar to the evidence found at a crime scene, to find an appropriate latent fingerprint development method. To do this, time and costs occur to recruit research participants, and these may cause disruption on arresting a suspect in a short time. Lothar Schwarz’s artificial latent fingerprint printing method, using an artificial sweat solution and an inkjet printer, can be used in a latent fingerprint research instead of using real human fingerprints. Although the major purpose of Schwarz’s method is to print out uniform fingerprint images on an A4 paper. Therefore, this approach has a limitation that it can only make imprints of fingerprints on thin and flexible materials such as copy papers and PVC films. To address this shortcoming, a Synthetic Fingerprint Generator(SFinGe, University of Bologna) computer program, a Printed Circuit Board(PCB) technique, and liquid latex are used to create an artificial fingerprint cast. With this new method, artificial latent fingerprint can be made on any surface types of material to find an appropriate latent fingerprint development method quickly during police investigations.
Evaluation of holographic methods for imaging through biological tissue (1993)

Different holographic methods for imaging through biological tissue are evaluated and compared. The role of the source autocorrelation function is analyzed. A graphical plot for performance evaluation is introduced. Experimental results for the various methods are given, and possibilities for further development are indicated.
Communication state transfer for the mobility of concurrent heterogeneous computing (2004)

In a dynamic environment where a process can migrate from one host to another host, communication state transfer is a key issue of process coordination. We present a set of data communication and process migration protocols to support communication state transfer in a dynamic, distributed parallel environment. The protocols preserve the semantics of point-to-point communication; they guarantee message delivery, maintain message ordering, and do not introduce deadlock when blocking send or receive operations are performed during process migration. Analytical proofs and prototype implementation are conducted to confirm the correctness of the protocols. Analytical and experimental results show the proposed design is valid and has a true potential in network computing.
Recycling of nickel-metal hydride battery scrap (1994)

Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery technology is being developed as a NiCd replacement for applications in consumer cells and electric vehicle batteries. The U.S. Bureau of Mines is investigating hydrometallurgical recycling technology that separates and recovers individual components from Ni-MH battery scrap. Acid dissolution and metal recovery techniques such as precipitation and solvent extraction produced purified products of rare-earths, nickel, and other metals associated with AB{sub 2} and AB{sub 5} Ni-MH scrap. Tests were conducted on scrap cells of a single chemistry that had been de-canned to reduce iron content. Although recovery techniques have been identified in principal, their applicability to mixed battery waste stream and economic attractiveness remain to be demonstrated. 14 refs.
Representation of sound localizatin transfer function and psychoacoustical evaluation. (1999)

A method is proposed for determining representatives of the sound localization transfer function (SLTF) aiming at a compromise between feasibility and localization accuracy. This method is based on principal components analysis (PCA). The magnitudes of SLTF measured at both ears of 56 subjects for 24 targets were modelled by linear combination of six principal components (PC). For each target and ear, the representative was determined to be the SLTF whose weights of PC contributing to the magnitude best approximated the average over subjects. The effectiveness of the representatives was evaluated both statistically and psychoacoustically. The statistical analysis indicates that the individual distribution of the weights of PC is assumed to be a six-dimensional normal distribution that is densest around the average. The discrepancy of the representatives from the average is within 1.5 percent of the individual accumulation. The psychoacoustical evaluation for 28 of the subjects indicates that the increase in the front/back confusion rate in the use of the representatives is significant for frontal targets, but not for other targets. The lateral judgement is robust against SLTFs for all targets tested. However, considerable individual dispersion of the front/back confusion rate hindered from determining the allowance of the discrepancy between individual SLTFs and the representatives for acceptable localization accuracy.
B-101 Shooting many cytokines with a single Stone-a novel anti-cytokine technology with broad clinical application (2018)

gc-cytokines (IL-2, -4, -7, -9, -15, -21) control major immune responses and lymphocyte development. Their aberrant production drives multiple human diseases including HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM), T-cell malignancies, graft-versus-host (GvH) disease and autoimmunity (e.g., alopecia areata, Celiac disease, asthma). Importantly, these diseases are caused by 2 or more cytokines (multi-cytokine diseases) which cannot be effectively and safely treated by the current anti-cytokine approaches. To address this issue, we developed a novel class of multi-cytokine inhibitors (MCI) that are designed as cytokine-mimetic peptides each of which contains a short motif shared by only the targeted cytokines of the γc family. Our first MCI, BNZ 132-1, selectively inhibits IL-2, -9, -15 without affecting other γc- or non-γc-cytokines. BNZ 132-1 efficiently eradicated LGL leukemic cells without damaging normal cells in the IL-15 leukemic model we developed, in which a Jak inhibitor (Tofacitinib) showed only limited efficacy (Nata et al 2015 J Biol Chem). In humanized-mice infected with LCMV (a mouse model of cytokine release syndrome [CRS]), animals treated with BNZ 132-1 survived while all control animals died. BNZ 132-1 reversed the cytokine storm (IL-6, TNF-γ, IFN-γγ within 5 days, which is likely caused by the over-production of IL-2/IL-15). Similarly, GvH naturally occurring in humanized mice was effectively suppressed by the BNZ 132-1 treatment. These results suggest a potential application of BNZ 132-1 for GvH post transplantation and CRS post microbial infection, in addition to HAM and T-cell malignancies that we are targeting in our clinical trials. Thus, our new MCI technology fills in a major gap of anti-cytokine therapy.
Adaptive Diastolic Interval Control of Cardiac Action Potential Duration Alternans (2004)

We have developed a method that adaptively controls the timing of electrical stimulation to rapidly eliminate action potential duration alternans in cardiac tissue. This control method may prove valuable in future arrhythmia prevention therapies.
A machine learning approach for classification of anatomical coverage in CT (2016)

Automatic classification of anatomical coverage of medical images is critical for big data mining and as a pre-processing step to automatically trigger specific computer aided diagnosis systems. The traditional way to identify scans through DICOM headers has various limitations due to manual entry of series descriptions and non-standardized naming conventions. In this study, we present a machine learning approach where multiple binary classifiers were used to classify different anatomical coverages of CT scans. A one-vs-rest strategy was applied. For a given training set, a template scan was selected from the positive samples and all other scans were registered to it. Each registered scan was then evenly split into k × k × k non-overlapping blocks and for each block the mean intensity was computed. This resulted in a 1 × k<sup>3</sup> feature vector for each scan. The feature vectors were then used to train a SVM based classifier. In this feasibility study, four classifiers were built to identify anatomic coverages of brain, chest, abdomen-pelvis, and chest-abdomen-pelvis CT scans. Each classifier was trained and tested using a set of 300 scans from different subjects, composed of 150 positive samples and 150 negative samples. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the testing set was measured to evaluate the performance in a two-fold cross validation setting. Our results showed good classification performance with an average AUC of 0.96.