gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Succinate production in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2011)

Succinate has been recognized as an important platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. While a number of organisms are capable of succinate production naturally, this review focuses on the engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of four-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Important features of a succinate production system are to achieve an optimal balance of reducing equivalents generated by consumption of the feedstock, while maximizing the amount of carbon channeled into the product. Aerobic and anaerobic production strains have been developed and applied to production from glucose and other abundant carbon sources. Metabolic engineering methods and strain evolution have been used and supplemented by the recent application of systems biology and in silico modeling tools to construct optimal production strains. The metabolic capacity of the production strain, the requirement for efficient recovery of succinate, and the reliability of the performance under scaleup are important in the overall process. The costs of the overall biorefinery-compatible process will determine the economic commercialization of succinate and its impact in larger chemical markets.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and Its Pesticidal Crystal Proteins (1998)

During the past decade the pesticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been the subject of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the complex relationships between the structure, mechanism of action, and genetics of the organism's pesticidal crystal proteins, and a coherent picture of these relationships is beginning to emerge. Other studies have focused on the ecological role of the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins, their performance in agricultural and other natural settings, and the evolution of resistance mechanisms in target pests. Armed with this knowledge base and with the tools of modern biotechnology, researchers are now reporting promising results in engineering more-useful toxins and formulations, in creating transgenic plants that express pesticidal activity, and in constructing integrated management strategies to insure that these products are utilized with maximum efficiency and benefit.
Beating Crystallization in Glass-Forming Metals by Millisecond Heating and Processing (2011)

The development of metal alloys that form glasses at modest cooling rates has stimulated broad scientific and technological interest. However, intervening crystallization of the liquid in even the most robust bulk metallic glass-formers is orders of magnitude faster than in many common polymers and silicate glass-forming liquids. Crystallization limits experimental studies of the undercooled liquid and hampers efforts to plastically process metallic glasses. We have developed a method to rapidly and uniformly heat a metallic glass at rates of 10(6) kelvin per second to temperatures spanning the undercooled liquid region. Liquid properties are subsequently measured on millisecond time scales at previously inaccessible temperatures under near-adiabatic conditions. Rapid thermoplastic forming of the undercooled liquid into complex net shapes is implemented under rheological conditions typically used in molding of plastics. By operating in the millisecond regime, we are able to "beat" the intervening crystallization and successfully process even marginal glass-forming alloys with very limited stability against crystallization that are not processable by conventional heating.
Role of metallothioneins as danger signals in the pathogenesis of colitis (2014)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are recurrent intestinal pathologies characterized by a compromised epithelial barrier and an exaggerated immune activation. Mediators of immune cell infiltration may represent new therapeutic opportunities. Metallothioneins (MTs) are stress-responsive proteins with immune-modulating functions. Metallothioneins have been linked to IBDs, but their role in intestinal inflammation is inconclusive. We investigated MT expression in colonic biopsies from IBDs and acute infectious colitis patients and healthy controls and evaluated MT's role in experimental colitis using MT knockout mice and anti-MT antibodies. Antibody potential to target extracellular MT and its mechanism was tested in vitro. Biopsies of patients with active colitis showed infiltration of MT-positive cells in a pattern that correlated with the grade of inflammation. MT knockout mice displayed less severe acute dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis compared to congenic wild-type mice based on survival, weight loss, colon length, histological inflammation and leukocyte infiltration. Chronic DSS-colitis confirmed that Mt1 and Mt2 gene disruption enhances clinical outcome. Blockade of extracellular MT with antibodies reduced F4/80-positive macrophage infiltration in DSS- and trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-colitis, with a tendency towards a better outcome. Whole-body single-photon emission computer tomography of mice injected with radioactive anti-MT antibodies showed antibody accumulation in the colon during colitis and clearance during recovery. Necrotic and not apoptotic cell death resulted in western blot MT detection in HT29 cell supernatant. In a Boyden chamber migration assay, leukocyte attraction towards the necrotic cell supernatant could be abolished with anti-MT antibody, indicating the chemotactic potential of endogenous released MT. Our results show that human colitis is associated with infiltration of MT-positive inflammatory cells. Since antibody blockade of extracellular MT can reduce colitis in mice, MT may act as a danger signal and may represent a novel target for reducing leukocyte infiltration and inflammation in IBD patients.
Aerosol-fluorescence spectrum analyzer: real-time measurement of emission spectra of airborne biological particles (1995)

We have assembled an aerosol-fluorescence spectrum analyzer (AFS), which can measure the fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering of airborne particles as they flow through a laser beam. The aerosols traverse a scattering cell where they are illuminated with intense (50 kW/cm(2)) light inside the cavity of an argon-ion laser operating at 488 nm. This AFS can obtain fluorescence spectra of individual dye-doped polystyrene microspheres as small as 0.5 µm in diameter. The spectra obtained from microspheres doped with pink and green-yellow dyes are clearly different. We have also detected the fluorescence spectra of airborne particles (although not single particles) made from various biological materials, e.g., Bacillus subtilis spores, B. anthrasis spores, riboflavin, and tree leaves. The AFS may be useful in detecting and characterizing airborne bacteria and other airborne particles of biological origin.
38‐5: <i>Student Paper:</i> Waveguide Liquid Crystal Display with Light Waveguide Plate for Transparent Display (2021)

We report a transparent display based on light waveguide liquid crystal display (LCD) under illumination of a light waveguide plate. LED is installed on the edge of the display. The generated light is coupled into the LCD by the light waveguide plate. In the voltage‐off state, the LC is transparent, and the incident light is waveguided through the display and no light comes out of the viewing side of the display. When a voltage is applied, the LC become scattering, and the incident light is scattered out of the viewing side of the display. The spatial uniformity of the light intensity of the display is significantly improved by the light waveguide plate. The transparent display has the merits of high contrast ratio, suitable driving voltage, and a sub‐milli second ultrafast response time. Furthermore, it does not need polarizers and color filter, and thus has a very high transmittance in the voltage‐off state.
Quantitative analysis and imaging of subsurface heterogeneities using spatially structured illumination (2002)

Illumination with structured light allows for subsurface imaging and the determination of the optical properties over a large area. Both the average and the spatial variation of the optical properties can be determined.
Voltage controlled spintronics device for logic applications. (1999)

We consider logic device concepts based on our previously proposed spintronics device element whose magnetization orientation is controlled by application of a bias voltage instead of a magnetic field. The basic building block is the voltage-controlled rotation (VCR) element that consists of a four-layer structure--two ferromagnetic layers separated by both nanometer-thick insulator and metallic spacer layers. The interlayer exchange coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers oscillates as a function of applied voltage. We illustrate transistor-like concepts and re-programmable logic gates based on VCR elements.
Low threshold lasers from wavelength-engineered colbidal quantum dot enabled by single-exciton optical gain (2012)

Wavelength engineered nanocrystal colloidal quantum dots were used to create a thin solid films. Very low thresholds for light amplification were achieved in these red, green and blue film by a single exciton gain mechanism which also enables optical gain with quasi-steady pumping source.
An Exploration of User Interface Designs for Real-Time Panoramic (2006)

Image stitching allows users to combine multiple regular-sized photographs into a single wide-angle picture, often referred to as a panoramic picture. To create such a panoramic picture, users traditionally first take all the photographs, then upload them to a PC and stitch. During stitching, however, users often discover that the produced panorama contains artifacts or is incomplete. Fixing these flaws requires retaking individual images, which is often difficult by this time. In this paper, we present Panoramic Viewfinder, an interactive system for panorama construction that offers a real-time preview of the panorama while shooting. As the user swipes the camera across the scene, each photo is immediately added to the preview. By making ghosting and stitching failures apparent, the system allows users to immediately retake necessary images. The system also provides a preview of the cropped panorama. When this preview includes all desired scene elements, users know that the panorama will be complete. Unlike earlier work in the field of real-time stitching, this paper focuses on the user interface aspects of real-time stitching. We describe our prototype, individual shooting modes, and provide an overview of our implementation. Building on our experiences with Panoramic Viewfinder, we discuss a separate design that relaxes the level of synchrony between user and camera required by the current system and provide usage flexibility that we believe might further improve the user experience.
S100A4-neutralizing antibody suppresses spontaneous tumor progression, pre-metastatic niche formation and alters T-cell polarization balance (2015)

The S100A4 blocking antibody (6B12) reduces tumor growth and metastasis in a model of spontaneous breast cancer. The 6B12 antibody treatment inhibits T cell accumulation at the primary and pre-metastatic tumor sites. The 6B12 antibody acts as an immunomodulatory agent and thus supports the view that the 6B12 antibody is a promising therapeutic candidate to fight cancer.
Plasma MicroRNA Panel for Minimally Invasive Detection of Breast Cancer (2013)

Over the last few years, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising novel and minimally invasive markers for various diseases, including cancer. We already showed that certain miRNAs are deregulated in the plasma of breast cancer patients when compared to healthy women. Herein we have further explored their potential to serve as breast cancer early detection markers in blood plasma. Circulating miR-127-3p, miR-376a and miR-652, selected as candidates from a miRNA array-based screening, were found to be associated with breast cancer for the first time (n = 417). Further we validated our previously reported circulating miRNAs (miR-148b, miR-376c, miR-409-3p and miR-801) in an independent cohort (n = 210) as elevated in the plasma of breast cancer patients compared to healthy women. We described, for the first time in breast cancer, an over-representation of deregulated miRNAs (miR-127-3p, miR-376a, miR-376c and miR-409-3p) originating from the chromosome 14q32 region. The inclusion of patients with benign breast tumors enabled the observation that miR-148b, miR-652 and miR-801 levels are even elevated in the plasma of women with benign tumors when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, an analysis of samples stratified by cancer stage demonstrated that miR-127-3p, miR-148b, miR-409-3p, miR-652 and miR-801 can detect also stage I or stage II breast cancer thus making them attractive candidates for early detection. Finally, ROC curve analysis showed that a panel of these seven circulating miRNAs has substantial diagnostic potential with an AUC of 0.81 for the detection of benign and malignant breast tumors, which further increased to 0.86 in younger women (up to 50 years of age).
In vivo total retinal blood flow measurement by Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography (2007)

There is considerable interest in new methods for the assessment of retinal blood flow for the diagnosis of eye diseases. We present in vivo normal human volumetric retinal flow measurement using Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography. We used a dual-plane scanning pattern to determine the angle between the blood flow and the scanning beam in order to measure total flow velocity. Volumetric flow in each blood vessel around the optic nerve head was integrated in one cardiac cycle in each measurement. Measurements were performed in the right eye of one human subject. The measured venous flow velocity ranged from 16.26 mm/s to 29.7 mm/s. The arterial flow velocity ranged from 38.35 mm/s to 51.13 mm/s. The total retinal venous and arterial flow both added up to approximately 54 microl/min. We believe this is the first demonstration of total retinal blood flow measurement using the OCT technique.
Self-calibrated interferometric-intensity-based optical fiber sensors (2001)

This paper presents self-calibrated interferometric-intensity-based optical fiber sensors, which combine for the first time fiber interferometry and intensity-based devices into a single sensor system. The sensor involves an extrinsic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric cavity. The broadband light returned from the FP cavity is split into two channels in such a way that one channel has a coherence length much longer than the doubled air-gap separation in the sensor so the FP generates effective interference, while the coherence length in the other channel is so short that no effective interference takes place. As a result, the optical signal in the channel with a long coherence length yields information about the FP cavity length while the signal in the other channel is proportional only to the source power, fiber attenuation, and other optical loss factors in the optical path. To eliminate fringe direction ambiguity and relative measurement limitations associated with interferometric sensors, the sensor is designed such that it is operated over the linear range between a valley and a peak of one interference fringe in the first channel. Moreover, the ratiometric signal-processing method is applied for the signals in the two channels to obtain self-calibrating measurement to compensate for all unwanted factors, including source power variations and fiber bending losses. Various pressure and temperature sensors based on the self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based scheme are designed, fabricated, and tested. Experimental results show that a resolution as high as 0.02% of full scale can be obtained for both the pressure and temperature measurements.
Fast Wavelength Switching Based on a Fabry-Perot Laser Pair Using Optical Injection (2004)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new fast wavelength-selectable laser technique, which is based on Fabry–Perot (FP) lasers with external light wave injection. By using different bias currents of FP lasers, wavelength tuning can be realized. In the experiment, the tuning of three different wavelengths tuning, the side-mode suppression ratio of >20 dB, and the wavelength switching time of <2 ns were attained.
Synthesis of a Ganglioside GM<sub>3</sub>Analog Containing a Hydroxymethyl Group in Place of the Carboxyl Group in the<i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid Unit (1992)

Journal Article Synthesis of a Ganglioside GM3 Analog Containing a Hydroxymethyl Group in Place of the Carboxyl Group in the N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Unit Get access Akira Hasegawa, Akira Hasegawa Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501–11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keisuke Adachi, Keisuke Adachi Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501–11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masahiro Yoshida, Masahiro Yoshida Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501–11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Kiso Makoto Kiso Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu 501–11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 56, Issue 3, 1 January 1992, Pages 445–447, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.445 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 13 August 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
Magnetic Bubble Devices (1972)

The properties of cylindrical magnetic “bubble” domains have been extensively described in the literature. Our understanding of bubble technology has now progressed to the point where it is possible to undertake the design and evaluation of specific bubble systems. Bubble domains, cylindrical islands of reverse magnetization, exist in specially prepared single crystal uniaxial magnetic platelets and epitaxial films. These domains are manipulated by localized magnetic fields generated by currents applied to conductors (conductor access) or inplane fields applied to structured permalloy patterns (field access). An important application of bubbles will be in bulk storage. Study of propagation circuits indicates that reasonable field access memory design objectives are (1) in-plane field frequency, 0.1–10 MHz; (2) in-plane field, 10–30 Oe; (3) storage density, 1.5–10 megabits/in.2; (4) bits/chip, 10 000–100 000.
Antimalarials. 3. 2,6-Bis(aryl)-4-pyridinemethanols with trifluoromethyl substituents (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimalarials. 3. 2,6-Bis(aryl)-4-pyridinemethanols with trifluoromethyl substituentsA. Markovac, M. P. LaMontagne, P. Blumbergs, A. B. Ash, and C. L. StevensCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 9, 918–922Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00279a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00279a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral resolution amelioration by deconvolution (SPREAD) in MR spectroscopic imaging (2009)

Our method reduces the linebroadening and lineshape distortions caused by magnetic field inhomogeneities. It substantially improves the spectral resolution and lineshape of MRSI data.
Proof of concept for the clinical effects of oral rilzabrutinib, the first Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor for pemphigus vulgaris: the phase II BELIEVE study* (2021)

Rilzabrutinib alone, or with much lower CS doses than usual, was safe, with rapid clinical activity in pemphigus vulgaris. These data suggest that BTK inhibition may be a promising treatment strategy and support further investigation of rilzabrutinib for the treatment of pemphigus.
A Linear $\Sigma$–$\Delta$ Digital IF to RF DAC Transmitter With Embedded Mixer (2008)

A noise-shaped direct digital IF to RF (DIF2RF) DAC with embedded upconverter mixer is presented. The digital IF signal is noise shaped by a bandpass Sigma-Delta modulator with 1-bit IF output followed by a semidigital finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The current mode FIR filter combines scaled values of the local oscillator (LO) signal for performing reconstruction filtering and upconversion in a single module. The DIF2RF design modulates the digital IF signal with a digital LO signal. This topology eliminates the transconductance nonlinearity of conventional mixers and is inherently linear due to single-bit digital IF input. The presented architecture reduces clock jitter sensitivity of 1-bit DACs by masking IF clock transitions with LO signals. A prototype of the DIF2RF DAC is designed and fabricated in a five-layer metal 0.25-mum digital CMOS process. The architecture can be used in low-power software-defined digital-IF transmitters. The DIF2RF DAC consumes 49 mA from a 2.5-V supply, achieving -64.7-dBc third-order intermodulation at 1.03 GHz with a spurious-free dynamic range of 72 dB in a 15-MHz bandwidth.