gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pseudolinear and Equivalent Systems for Large Deflections of Members (1989)

The research in this paper consists of an analytical study of the computation of large deflections of uniform and variable stiffness members by using pseudolinear or nonlinear equivalent systems of constant stiffhess. By using the second‐order nonlinear differential equation of the elastic curve, a mathematical proof was first obtained, in order to establish the existence of exact pseudolinear or nonlinear equivalent systems of constant stiffness EI that can replace the initial nonlinear system whose moment of inertia I, or stiffness EI, is either uniform or variable. Once the equivalent system of constant stiffness is obtained, linear or nonlinear analysis can be applied to this equivalent system in order to determine displacement requirements of the initial nonlinear system. The equivalent system will always be of constant stiffness, and its deflection curve will be identical to that of the initial nonlinear system. The use of equivalent pseudolinear or nonlinear systems simplifies a great deal the mathematical complexity of the nonlinear problem, particularly when the initial problem has continuously varying stiffness EI along its length. For convenience, a very accurate approximate method is also introduced.
Kinetics of Adsorption of Phospholipids from Hydrated and Alkali-Refined Soy Oil Using Regenerated Clay (2004)

The adsorption kinetics of residual phospholipids from hydrated and alkali-refined soy oil with regenerated clay was studied by measuring the concentration change of phospholipids in the oils before and after adsorption with time. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption efficiency and regeneration efficiency of the regenerated clay was 69.3% and 91.3%, respectively. The adsorption rate was found to increase upon increasing the ratio of clay/oil, agitation speed or temperature. It was also found to increase by decreasing the particle diameter of the clay. The effects of the particle diameter of the clay and the ratio of clay/oil were significant while those of agitation speed and temperature were not. The empirical rate expression for the adsorption of phospholipids has been determined asln(C/C0) = –338.708exp(–4018/RT)d–0.953r0.564s0.231t0.1
The Role of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Related Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Human Clinical Trials (2015)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. A number of fermented dairy products contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria, some of which have been characterized as probiotics that can modify the gut microbiota and may be beneficial for the treatment and the prevention of IBD. The objective of this review was to carry out a systematic search of LAB and bifidobacteria probiotics and IBD, using the PubMed and Scopus databases, defined by a specific equation using MeSH terms and limited to human clinical trials. The use of probiotics and/or synbiotics has positive effects in the treatment and maintenance of UC, whereas in CD clear effectiveness has only been shown for synbiotics. Furthermore, in other associated IBD pathologies, such as pouchitis and cholangitis, LAB and bifidobacteria probiotics can provide a benefit through the improvement of clinical symptoms. However, more studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of action and in this way to understand the effect of probiotics prior to their use as coadjuvants in the therapy and prevention of IBD conditions.
Research and implementation of using AJAX technology to improve the user experience (2011)

This paper elaborates on how to use AJAX technology to improve user experience of the shopping website through the introduction of AJAX working principle. Combining with the shopping website design and development, this paper explores a common approach to improve the user experience. And then, it can improves website visitor volume and achieves sustained profitability of online trading.
Determination of cyclosporine by a competitive binding assay with cyclophilin (1991)

A competitive protein-binding assay for cyclosporine based on use of the intracellular cyclosporine-binding protein cyclophilin (CYP) was used to measure cyclosporin A (CsA) and its bioactive metabolites in whole blood. CYP from cytoplasmic extracts or erythrocyte lysates was applied in the binding assay with use of [3H]CsA as tracer and charcoal adsorption for separating bound from free tracer. Binding affinities of various CsA analogs and metabolites correlated well with their reported in vitro immunosuppressive activities. The assay detected as little CsA as 50 micrograms/L (1 g = 0.832 mmol of CsA), analytical recovery was greater than 80%, and CVs were less than 8% for intra-assay and less than 11% for interassay precision in the range of 150-1000 micrograms/L. We used this assay to measure CsA concentrations in blood and compared the results with those measured by HPLC or by CsA-specific (monoclonal) and CsA-nonspecific (polyclonal) radioimmunoassays. Binding assay results were, in nearly all cases, less than those measured by the nonspecific RIA and frequently greater than 20% above the values determined by the CsA-specific assays. Individual patients had pronounced differences in the relative proportions of CsA, CYP-binding (bioactive) metabolites, and cross-reacting CsA metabolites. Because the presence of bioactive metabolites may considerably contribute to the immunosuppressive activity of CsA, we consider the binding assay clinically useful for measuring CsA in biological fluids.
Design of Information visualization System for Managing Virtualized Server Network (2011)

Information Visualization technics has been widely used in exploring complex data space. In the area of network visualization, the extreme complexity and professional requirements of IT engineers make it hard to design visualization strategies facilitating their daily works. This paper introduces an interactive visualization tool kit for managing network systems. It starts with the research of different visualization technics and existing visualization systems, follows with the concept development process, including user research and the evolution of mockups. A final prototype is proposed, evaluated by discussion with users.
A Baculovirus Immediate-Early Gene, ie1, Promoter Drives Efficient Expression of a Transgene in Both Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori (2012)

Many promoters have been used to drive expression of heterologous transgenes in insects. One major obstacle in the study of non-model insects is the dearth of useful promoters for analysis of gene function. Here, we investigated whether the promoter of the immediate-early gene, ie1, from the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) could be used to drive efficient transgene expression in a wide variety of insects. We used a piggyBac-based vector with a 3xP3-DsRed transformation marker to generate a reporter construct; this construct was used to determine the expression patterns driven by the BmNPV ie1 promoter; we performed a detailed investigation of the promoter in transgene expression pattern in Drosophila melanogaster and in B. mori. Drosophila and Bombyx belong to different insect orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera, respectively); however, and to our surprise, ie1 promoter-driven expression was evident in several tissues (e.g., prothoracic gland, midgut, and tracheole) in both insects. Furthermore, in both species, the ie1 promoter drove expression of the reporter gene from a relatively early embryonic stage, and strong ubiquitous ie1 promoter-driven expression continued throughout the larval, pupal, and adult stages by surface observation. Therefore, we suggest that the ie1 promoter can be used as an efficient expression driver in a diverse range of insect species.
Noninvasive Technique for the Diagnosis of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants by Analyzing Pulse Wave Phases on Photoplethysmography Signals Measured in the Right Hand and the Left Foot (2014)

In this study, PPD was correlated with ductus arteriosus status evaluated by echocardiography, indicating involvement of the ductal shunt in the mechanism of redistribution in systemic vascular territories. PPD can be considered for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant PDA.
Automatically Mining Negative Code Examples from Software Developer Q & A Forums (2015)

In addition to learning good practices and reusing code from mining code examples, programmers can be supported in their learning and code improvement processes through negative, or poorly written, code examples. While it is challenging to identify negative code examples automatically from within source code, we leverage a key insight that the natural language in questions that include code examples posted on forums can provide adequate clues. In this paper, we describe an automatic sentiment analysis-based technique for mining negative code examples from developer question and answer forums along with a technique to automatically mine negative sentiment indicators commonly used by developers, which are used to drive the sentiment-based technique.
Why idioms mean what they do. (1991)

This reply to Kreuz and Graesser (1991) expands on some of the theoretical and empirical issues discussed in an article on idiom interpretation by Nayak and Gibbs (1990). Specifically addressed are (a) the generality of Nayak and Gibbs's earlier findings on emotion idioms to idioms representative of other conceptual categories, (b) Nayak and Gibbs's characterization of the dead metaphor theory of idiomaticity, (c) the need for a componential analysis of idioms, and (d) a problem in the design and interpretation of one of Nayak and Gibbs's experimental studies
THE SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CONTOUR OF OPEN PIT "DELICI" NEAR UGLJEVIK (2014)

&lt;p&gt;In this article are presented the procedures and the results of open pit optimal contour &quot;Delici&quot; choice near Ugljevik, Republic of Srpska. By using of LG 3D algorithm for optimization in the Whittle FourXTM is determined a series of open pit shales based on the various income factors (Revenue factor) with iteration of 0.03 of change in coal prices according to the base price of 2.2 &euro;/GJ. For each contour were calculated the cash flows, and the optimal contour of open pit was determined based on the maximum value of NPV (net present value). The access ramps, transport roads, geometric elements of benches, final slopes and calculations of the exploitation coal reserves were done inside of the optimal open pit contour. After determing of optimal open pit contour it was defined the mine plan, dynamics of exploitation and choice of waste disposal location.&lt;/p&gt;
Linear Voltage Controlled Variable Resistor Using Body Potential in SOI process (2016)

A linear voltage controlled variable resistor in partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PD-SOI) technology is presented. Stacked FET structure is utilized for the variable resistor implementation and the control of gate and body voltage provides wide resistance tuning range. Also, the use of body voltage control of the stacked FET varistor demonstrated improved IP3 and P1dB linearity. This variable resistor can be applicable to tunable load impedance, series and parallel feedback control and variable attenuation, as a part of system or as a discrete component.
An experimental digital VCR with 40 mm drum, single actuator and DCT-based bit-rate reduction (1988)

An experimental digital video recording system based on small recording mechanics is described. High picture quality at moderate recording bit rates is obtained with component coded video and application of an advanced bit-rate reduction technique based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). A single actuator allows for high tracking accuracy and multispeed playback. Reasonable picture quality has been obtained at 10 Mb/s. High picture quality, with hardly noticeable coding noise, was obtained at 19 Mb/s. For scenes with critical motion, the use of motion-adaptive processing is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction of Carbon−Carbon Double Bonds Using Organocatalytically Generated Diimide (2008)

An efficient method has been developed for the reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds with diimide, catalytically generated in situ from hydrazine hydrate. The employed catalyst is prepared in one step from riboflavin (vitamin B(2)). Reactions are carried out in air and are a valuable alternative when metal-catalyzed hydrogenations are problematic.
The Energy Consumption of Electric and Fuelled Cars (1986)

Interest in the electric vehicle's potential for saving energy was stimulated by the oil crises which also spurred substantial developments in internal combustion engined vehicles. The design trends in both types of vehicle are considered in areas where they affect energy consumption. A new technique for expressing the energy requirements of any vehicle following any driving cycle as a simple equation permits its average power plant efficiency to be determined and reveals the relative significance of its mass, aerodynamics, tyres and chassis losses. Using data from a few standard and experimental vehicles, the potential for reducing energy consumption and the likely future of electric vehicles are predicted. The paper concludes with a summary of the design features and performance of the recently completed second University of Canterbury AC motor powered electric vehicle.
Spectroscopical and Electrochemical Characterisation of a (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane - Based Protective Coating on Aluminium Alloy 2024 (2017)

Coatings based on organic-inorganic hybrids may effectively improve the resistance of metals/alloys against corrosion. In this work the protection ability of a coating based on (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) deposited on the well-known aluminium AA 2024 alloy is studied. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions in the initial sol and the structure of thermally treated protective MPTMS coatings is studied using infrared absorbance spectroscopy. In addition, the structure of coatings is investigated using infrared reflection-absorption (IR RA) spectroscopy. Several physical properties of prepared coatings such as contact angles, surface energy and thickness are reported. The corrosion protection ability of once, twice and three times deposited MPTMS coatings is studied using potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. Finally, possible morphological changes at different potentials of interest are investigated using in situ electrochemical AFM.
Antitumor effect of RGD-4C-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 peptide in mouse B16(F10) melanoma model. (2006)

Vasculature targeting agents have been tested as cancer therapeutics for the past few years. Such therapy could be accomplished using, for example, bifunctional (two-domain) peptides. RGD-4C-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2, a peptide designed by Ellerby and coworkers (1999) (full sequence: ACDCRGDCFCGGKLAKLAKKLAKLAK), binds selectively to alphaVbeta3 integrin receptors expressed in tumor neovasculature and, after internalization, effectively induces apoptosis of endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to examine if RGD-4C-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2 would efficiently target cells, among them B16(F10), that overexpress alphaVbeta3 receptors, and whether it would be suitable for therapeutic treatment of primary B16(F10) murine melanoma tumors. Thus, the peptide would target two distinct tumor compartments: that formed by endothelium of blood vessels and that made up of neoplastic cells. The therapeutic peptide was recognized and did induce apoptosis in B16(F10) cell line. Tumor growth inhibition was observed following direct intratumoral administration. However, cessation of peptide administration led to rapid tumor growth and death of the animals.
5' untranslated sequences are required for the translational control of a yeast regulatory gene. (1984)

In yeast, many genes encoding amino acid biosynthetic enzymes are subject to a common regulatory system called the general control of amino acid biosynthesis. The product of the regulatory gene GCN4 is required for an increase in transcription of general control-regulated genes when yeast are grown under amino acid-starvation conditions. In this report, we show that the expression of the GCN4 gene is regulated at the translational level: the efficiency of translation of the GCN4 mRNA is dramatically increased during growth under amino acid-starvation conditions. The complete nucleotide sequence of the GCN4 gene, presented here, reveals the existence of an unusually long 5' untranslated region in the corresponding mRNA. In vivo analysis of the effects of a deletion in this 5' leader has enabled us to define a region required for the translational regulation of the GCN4 mRNA.
Consonance of Vibrotactile Chords (2014)

This paper is concerned with the perception of complex vibrotactile stimuli in which a few sinusoidal vibrations with different frequencies are superimposed. We begin with an observation that such vibrotactile signals are analogous to musical chords in which multiple notes are played simultaneously. A set of so-called "vibrotactile chords" are designed on the basis of musical chords, and their degrees of consonance (harmony) that participants perceive are evaluated through a perceptual experiment. Experimental results indicate that participants can reliably rate the degrees of consonance of vibrotactile chords and establish a well-defined function that relates the degree of consonance to the base and chordal frequency of a vibrotactile chord. These findings have direct implications for the design of complex vibrotactile signals that can be produced by current wideband actuators such as voice-coil, piezoelectric, and electroactive polymer actuators.
Controlled Wellbore Implosions Show that Not All Damage is Bad – A New Technique to Increase Production from Damaged Wells (2011)

Abstract Near wellbore damage is often blamed for many production problems, it can manifest itself in many ways and is caused by almost anything that disturbs the formation; even producing hydrocarbons can lead to near wellbore damage. Knowing where the damage is and how it was produced can help prevent new occurrences, but oftentimes prevention is not possible. Perforation damage is one kind of damage that cannot be prevented; because the objective of perforating is to damage the formation by creating a tunnel as large and as deep as possible. A new technique of consisting of producing controlled implosions constitutes the most effective way of removing perforation and other types of near wellbore damage, and this technique lends itself to provide quantitative values of well damage removal. This paper discusses how this new technique was developed, from concept and modeling to its effectiveness in the field as demonstrated by a number of jobs on wells with different types of damage. The results are extremely encouraging; in some wells production has increased by as much as three to four times, this production increase is sustained and the rate at which well formation damage occurs is significantly lower. This paper presents field experiments conducted on four wells in the Libyan Desert, including logging data based on state of the art measurements, and giving new insights into near wellbore damage. Strategies are recommended to combat the effects of common near wellbore damage mechanisms and to address their root causes. These findings opened a debate that challenges some aspects of industry accepted perforation techniques, and presents conclusive evidence that some well damage is in fact beneficial.
The MIF Homologue D-Dopachrome Tautomerase Promotes COX-2 Expression through β-Catenin–Dependent and –Independent Mechanisms (2010)

The cytokine/growth factor, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), contributes to pathologies associated with immune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disease processes. Several studies have shown an important contributing role for MIF-dependent COX-2 expression in the progression of these disorders. We now report that the MIF homologue, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), is both sufficient and necessary for maximal COX-2 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. D-DT-dependent COX-2 transcription is mediated in part by β-catenin protein stabilization and subsequent transcription. Also contributing to D-DTs regulation of COX-2 expression are the activities of both c-jun-N-terminal kinase and the MIF-interacting protein, Jab1/CSN5. Interestingly, D-DT-dependent β-catenin stabilization is regulated by COX-2 expression, suggesting the existence of an amplification loop between COX-2- and β-catenin-mediated transcription in these cells. Because both COX-2- and β-catenin-mediated transcription are important contributors to colorectal cancer (CRC) disease maintenance and progression, these findings suggest a unique and novel regulatory role for MIF family members in CRC pathogenesis.
Model and Heuristic Algorithm for Steel Productive Resources Balance Problem (2012)

A nonlinear model is proposed for balancing the steel productive resources. In the model, the sharing and the competition between products and resources are presented, and four optimization objects are introduced. According to the model and the characteristics of the problem, a heuristic algorithm based on constraint satisfaction is proposed. Variables selection is guided by the optimization objects. During the process of assigning values, constraint propagation is adopted to narrow the value domain, and back tracking is adopted to avoid the conflict with the constraints. The validity of the model and the algorithm is testified by calculating the data from production practices.
A novel method for assessing effects of hydrostatic fluid pressure on intracellular calcium: a study with bovine articular chondrocytes (2005)

Chondrocytes in articular cartilage are exposed to hydrostatic pressure and distortional stress during weight bearing and joint loading. Because these stresses occur simultaneously in articular cartilage, the mechanism of mechanosignal transduction due to hydrostatic pressure alone in chondrocytes is not clear. In this study, we attempted to characterize the change in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to the application of hydrostatic fluid pressure (HFP) to cultured bovine articular chondrocytes isolated from defined surface (SZ) and middle zones (MZ) by using a fluorescent indicator (X-rhod-1 AM), a novel custom-made pressure-proof optical chamber, and laser confocal microscopy. Critical methodology implemented in this experiment involved application of high levels of HFP to the cells and the use of a novel imaging apparatus to measure the peak [Ca2+]i in individual cells. The peak [Ca2+]i in MZ cells cultured for 5 days showed a significant twofold increase after the application of HFP at constant 0.5 MPa for 5 min. The peak [Ca2+]i in SZ cells was lower (43%) than that of MZ cells. The peak was suppressed with an inhibitor of dantrolene, gadolinium, or a calcium ion-free buffer, but not with verapamil. This study indicated that the increase in [Ca2+]i in chondrocytes to HFP is dependent on the zonal origin. HFP stimulates calcium mobilization and stretch-activated channels.