gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetically induced transparency and retrieval of light pulses in a Λ-type and a V-type level scheme in Pr<sup>3+</sup>:Y<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub> (2008)

We examine electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), the optical preparation of persistent nuclear spin coherences and the retrieval of light pulses both in a Λ-type and a V-type coupling scheme in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal, cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The medium is prepared by optical pumping and spectral hole burning, creating a spectrally isolated Λ-type and a V-type system within the inhomogeneous bandwidth of the 3H4 ↔ 1D2 transition of the Pr3+ ions. By EIT, in the Λ-type scheme we drive a nuclear spin coherence between the ground-state hyperfine levels, while in the V-type scheme we drive a coherence between the excited-state hyperfine levels. We observe the cancellation of absorption due to EIT and the retrieval of light pulses in both level schemes. This also permits the determination of dephasing times of the nuclear spin coherence, either in the ground state or the optically excited state.
Surface Condition Changes in Lithium Metal Deposited in Nonaqueous Electrolyte Containing HF by Dissolution‐Deposition Cycles (1999)

The dissolution‐deposition cycle behavior of Li metal electrodeposited in nonaqueous electrolyte containing a small amount of HF was investigated. In the first deposition process, Li particles with a smooth hemispherical shape were deposited on Ni in 1.0 M carbonate containing HF. The morphology of these fine Li particles is due to electrodeposition via migration of ions through a thin and compact surface film consisting of a bilayer, which was produced via surface modification by HF. After the first dissolution process, a residual film was observed on the entire surface of the Ni substrate. This residual film is derived from the surface film on the Li particles. Moreover, the residual film continuously accumulated on the electrode during the cycling. On the other hand, it was found that the coulombic efficiency of Li deposition‐dissolution during cycling was much improved by the addition of HF. Unfortunately, the formation of dendritic Li was observed after the 45th cycle, suggesting that the accumulated thick residual film on the Li surface inhibits the supply of HF to the Li surface during the deposition process. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
On the simulation of stochastic iterative decoder architectures (2006)

The advent of Shannon capacity-approaching error control codes such as turbo codes and low density parity check (LDPC) codes has been revolutionary, leading to their incorporation into numerous recent digital communications standards. The key to exploiting the power of these codes is the utilization of an iterative decoder. While high error-correcting performance iterative decoder architectures are known, the complexity normally increases commensurately with the performance. Increased area and power consumption, the consequences of great complexity, are undesirable, particularly so in mobile wireless applications. We have previously proposed a novel architecture to realize a high-performance, low-complexity iterative decoder using stochastic computational elements. Using stochastic computation, it should be possible to construct iterative decoders that feature both high performance and low complexity with little compromise. In this paper we present a tutorial introduction to stochastic iterative decoding. We then discuss aspects of our new bit-true decoder simulation software, including its flexibility for testing architectural variations, reusability for other projects, and performance results
Programmable Mechanical Metamaterials (2014)

We create mechanical metamaterials whose response to uniaxial compression can be programmed by lateral confinement, allowing monotonic, nonmonotonic, and hysteretic behavior. These functionalities arise from a broken rotational symmetry which causes highly nonlinear coupling of deformations along the two primary axes of these metamaterials. We introduce a soft mechanism model which captures the programmable mechanics, and outline a general design strategy for confined mechanical metamaterials. Finally, we show how inhomogeneous confinement can be explored to create multistability and giant hysteresis.
The Impact of RON on SI Engine Thermal Efficiency (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, global warming and energy security have received significant attention. Thus an improvement of the vehicle fuel economy is strongly required. For engines, one effective way is to improve the engine thermal efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Raising compression ratio [<span class="xref">1</span>] or turbo charging technologies have potential to achieve high thermal efficiency. However knock does not allow the high thermal efficiency. Knock depends on the fuel composition and the pressure and temperature history of unburnt end-gas [<span class="xref">2</span>-<span class="xref">3</span>]. For fuels, RON is well known for describing the anti knock quality. High RON fuels have high anti knock quality and result in higher thermal efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper investigates the impact of high RON fuels on the thermal efficiency by using high compression ratio engine, turbo charged engine, and lean boosted engine [<span class="xref">4</span>]. Finally, it is shown that the high thermal efficiency can be approached with high RON gasoline and ethanol.</div>
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a versatile technique for detection of micro-organisms (2017)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions by using a DNA polymerase with high displacement strand activity and a set of specifically designed primers to amplify targeted DNA strands. Following its first discovery by Notomi et al. ( Nucleic Acids Res 28: E63), LAMP was further developed over the years which involved the combination of this technique with other molecular approaches, such as reverse transcription and multiplex amplification for the detection of infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms in humans, livestock and plants. In this review, available types of LAMP techniques will be discussed together with their applications in detection of various micro-organisms. Up to date, there are varieties of LAMP detection methods available including colorimetric and fluorescent detection, real-time monitoring using turbidity metre and detection using lateral flow device which will also be highlighted in this review. Apart from that, commercialization of LAMP technique had also been reported such as lyophilized form of LAMP reagents kit and LAMP primer sets for detection of pathogenic micro-organisms. On top of that, advantages and limitations of this molecular detection method are also described together with its future potential as a diagnostic method for infectious disease.
The design of cascaded FIR filters (2002)

Many filtering operations require the use of more than one filter connected in cascade. The stopband response of each of these filters must meet a given minimum attenuation requirement, whereas the overall passband peak ripple magnitude must be within a pre-specified tolerance limit. Generally, the design approaches require the passband ripple magnitude of each of the filters to be smaller than that of the overall filter. However, if the filters are jointly optimized so that the passband ripples of the filters are 180/spl deg/ out of phase, then the passband ripple magnitudes of the individual filters may be allowed to be very much larger than the maximum allowable overall ripple magnitude without violating the tolerance limit of the overall passband ripple magnitude. In this paper, we present a linear-programming technique for jointly optimizing the filters.
The design of 2 V 2.4 GHz CMOS low-noise low-power bandpass amplifier with parallel spiral inductors (2003)

A 2.4 GHz low-noise low-power single-to-differential bandpass amplifier is implemented in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process. In this bandpass amplifier, the compact tunable positive-feedback circuit is connected to the integrated spiral inductor to enhance its Q value. The simple diode varactor circuit is adopted for center frequency tuning. Two parallel spiral inductors are used to reduce the effective inductance and raise the center frequency. HSPICE simulation has been performed to verify the performance of the designed bandpass amplifier. It has been shown that the amplifier has a gain of 15 dB at Q=45 under 2 V power supply with 39 mW power dissipation. The noise figure is 4.36 dB in the passband. The tunable frequency range is between 2.369 GHz and 2.422 GHz. The gain difference and phase difference between the two differential output nodes are 0.0011905 dB and 179.932/spl deg/ respectively, at 2.4 GHz.
A simple protocol for digital cash by elliptic curves (2004)

Digital cash is an important application of modern cryptology. Traditional cash spreads germs, and people can steal it from the owner. Checks and credit card have an audit trail; you can't hide to whom you gave money. Digital cash can avoid all these defects. There have been a lot of excellent protocols designed for digital cash, which allow for secure and untraceable transactions. In this poster, we try to create a simple and efficient protocol of digital cash by use the powerful mathematics theory of elliptic curve.
Myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 are specifically secreted during interaction of phagocytes and activated endothelium and are useful markers for monitoring disease activity in pauciarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

MRP8 and MRP14 are specifically released during the interaction of monocytes with inflammatory activated endothelium, probably at sites of local inflammation. Their serum concentrations represent a useful marker for monitoring local inflammation in JRA.
How to Assess and Rank User-Generated Content on Web (2018)

User-generated content (UGC) on the Web, especially on social media platforms, facilitates the association of additional information with digital resources and online social topics and it can provide valuable supplementary content. However, UGC varies in quality and, consequently, raises the challenge of how to maximize its utility for a variety of end-users, in particular in the age of misinformation. This study aims to provide researchers and Web data curators with answers to the following questions: (1) What are the existing approaches and methods for assessing and ranking UGC (2) What features and metrics have been used successfully to assess and predict UGC value across a range of application domains This survey is composed of a systematic review of approaches for assessing and ranking UGC: results obtained by identifying and comparing methodologies within the context of short text-based UGC on the Web. This survey categorizes existing assessment and ranking approaches into four framework types and discusses the main contributions and considerations of each type. Furthermore, it suggests a need for further experimentation and encourages the development of new approaches for the assessment and ranking.
A fast U-D factorization-based learning algorithm with applications to nonlinear system modeling and identification (1999)

A fast learning algorithm for training multilayer feedforward neural networks (FNN's) by using a fading memory extended Kalman filter (FMEKF) is presented first, along with a technique using a self-adjusting time-varying forgetting factor. Then a U-D factorization-based FMEKF is proposed to further improve the learning rate and accuracy of the FNN. In comparison with the backpropagation (BP) and existing EKF-based learning algorithms, the proposed U-D factorization-based FMEKF algorithm provides much more accurate learning results, using fewer hidden nodes. It has improved convergence rate and numerical stability (robustness). In addition, it is less sensitive to start-up parameters (e.g., initial weights and covariance matrix) and the randomness in the observed data. It also has good generalization ability and needs less training time to achieve a specified learning accuracy. Simulation results in modeling and identification of nonlinear dynamic systems are given to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Electro-Optically Tunable Modified Racetrack Resonator in Hybrid Si3N4-LiNbO3 (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate the first Si3N4-LiNbO3 hybrid electro-optic tunable racetrack resonator with the modified electrode to enhance the modulation efficiency. The measured tunability and the intrinsic Q are 2.8 pm/V and 8 × 106 respectively.
Biochemical identification and immunolocalizaton of aggrecan, ADAMTS5 and inter‐alpha‐trypsin–inhibitor in equine degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (2011)

We describe analysis of suspensory ligaments from horses with advanced degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis (DSLD) to identify the major proteoglycans (PGs), ADAMTS-aggrecanases and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) components associated with ligament degeneration. Specific anatomical regions of suspensory ligaments from two normal horses and four diagnosed with DSLD were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry for the following: aggrecan, aggrecan fragments, decorin, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, and IαI components. When compared to normal, DSLD ligaments showed about a 15-fold increase (P < 0.0014) in aggrecan levels and markedly enhanced staining with Safranin O. The aggrecan was composed of two distinct high molecular weight core protein species. The largest species was found only in DSLD samples and it co-migrated with aggrecan synthesized by equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Many of the DSLD samples also contained abnormally high concentrations of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, and IαI. Notably, the ADAMTS5 in DSLD samples, but not normals, was present largely as a high molecular weight complex. We conclude that ligament degeneration in DSLD is associated with matrix changes characteristic of an inflammatory nonhealing wound, specifically containing chondrogenic progenitor cells. Since aggrecan accumulation is a major feature of incomplete healing in tendon and skin of the ADAMTS5 knockout mouse, we propose that ligament failure in DSLD results from a process involving tissue inflammation and the complexation of ADAMTS5.
Combined Modality for Ultrasound Imaging and Electromagnetic Tracking (2013)

Computer-assisted interventions (CAI) typically require localization (tracking) of surgical instruments and the patient. For ultrasound (US)-guided interventions, a new compact electromagnetic (EM) field generator enables construction of a combined modality which allows for both, EM tracking and US imaging with one handheld device. In this study, we present a research prototype of such a device and conduct accuracy assessments in a clinical US suite. The results show robust US imaging and EM tracking of the combined device, which emerges as a promising component for US-guided CAI systems.
ELOIS: an innovative spectrometer design using a free-form grating (2015)

For spaceborne hyperspectral applications<sup>1</sup>, grating-based spectrometers are of special interest due to the high spectral resolution and optical throughput that can be achieved. The classical spectrometer designs are 1:1 systems. For these systems the achievable signal to noise ratio is limited by the slit width/pixel pitch combination. One way to increase the signal to noise ratio of a spectrometer without increasing the global instrument size is to design an instrument with a magnification power of less than one. With a smaller magnification, the entrance slit is wider and a larger amount of light is collected while the image is smaller and compatible with typical detector size and pixel pitch. We presents an innovative spectrometer design with 2:1 magnification and high image quality and radiometric performances. This spectrometer called ELOIS (for Enhanced Light Offner Imaging Spectrometer) is designed with a grating atop a free-form surface. The use non-rotationally symmetric surfaces offer additional freedom for designing compact and well-corrected instruments. Nevertheless, most of the available manufacturing techniques, such as direct ruling, holography, lithography or e-beam writing, are typically applicable on simple shape of the grating surface, such as flat or spherical surface. AMOS demonstrated the feasibility of the Free Form Grating (FFG), i.e. a ruled grating on a surface without any rotational symmetry, using cost-effective approach for manufacturing blazed grating by Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT).
Analysis of the System of Direct Subsidy for Grain Production in China (2012)

This paper introduces the status quo of the system structure of direct subsidy for grain production in China, and analyses the function and essence of direct subsidy for grain production in China as follows: the function of direct subsidy for grain production in China is to protect and promote the development of food industry, ensure food supply and national food security, protect grain growers' interests, and maintain the dominant position of national food trade: the essence of direct subsidy for grain production is the compensation for grain producer's reasonable interests, the compensation for positive externality of grain production, and social costs of adjusting equilibrium between food supply and demand. We discuss the problems existing in the system of direct subsidy for grain production in China and put forward corresponding countermeasures as follows: first, adhere to improving synergetic system of direct subsidy for grain production; second, adjust the direct subsidy method of grain production; third, establish long-term mechanism of subsidy for grain production; fourth, promote the information-based service level of the system of direct subsidy for grain production.
Three-port full bridge converter application as a combined charger for PHEVs (2009)

The AC charger can be combined with the DCDC converter through the three-port full bridge topology for plug-in hybrid vehicles(PHEVs). During the driving mode, the main battery supplies energy to the 14 V system through the DC-DC converter. At this time, the AC charger circuit should be disconnected. Otherwise, power flows in the AC charger circuit, resulting in a high voltage destruction. In this work, a virtual isolation method is proposed that prevents current flowing into the AC charger circuit, while a normal DC-DC converter operation is taking place. To realize the proposed control method, offset phase angles are calculated. A simulation evidence supports the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Nitrogen Stress and Apparent Photosynthesis in Symbiotically Grown <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. (1981)

Pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) were inoculated individually with one of 15 Rhizobium leguminosarum strains and grown under uniform environmental conditions in the absence of combined N. Differences in effectiveness of the Rhizobium strains produced plants with differing rates of whole plant apparent N(2) fixation and total N content at the same morphological stage of development. Plants were analyzed to determine interactions between N(2) fixation, N allocation, apparent photosynthesis, and growth. Total leaf N increased linearly with total N(2) fixation (R(2) = 0.994). The proportion of total N allocated to leaves, the per cent N content of individual leaves, and the photosynthetic efficiency of individual leaves showed a curvilinear response with increasing plant N content. Differences in allocation patterns of leaf N between plants with low and high N content resulted in differences in the relationship between total N content and plant dry weight. Results from this study show that N(2) fixation interacts with leaf photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth in a manner that is dependent upon the allocation of symbiotically fixed N.
Component design and implementation of a 60 kW full SiC traction inverter with boost converter (2016)

In electric vehicular (EV) traction drives, Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices promise large savings in volume and weight of the converter system, especially when an inverter is combined with a boost DC/DC converter. Such a system has been designed, implemented and tested as a laboratory prototype. Detailed information on the component design is given and the prototypes characteristics are compared with a conventional Silicon IGBT based industrial system.
Mitochondria are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous within cells (2002)

We investigated whether mitochondria represent morphologically continuous and functionally homogenous entities within single intact cells. Physical continuity of mitochondria was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescence from mitochondrially targeted DsRed1 or calcein. The mitochondria of HeLa, PAEC, COS-7, HUVEC, hepatocytes, cortical astrocytes and neuronal cells all displayed heterogeneous distributions and were of varying sizes. There was a denser aggregation of mitochondria in perinuclear positions than in the cell periphery, where individual isolated mitochondria could be seen clearly. Using fluorescence-recovery after photobleaching, we observed that DsRed1 and calcein were highly mobile within the matrix of individual mitochondria, and that mitochondria within a cell were not lumenally continuous. Mitochondria were not electrically coupled, since only individual mitochondria were observed to depolarize following irradiation of TMRE-loaded cells. Functional heterogeneity of mitochondria in single cells was observed with respect to membrane potential, sequestration of hormonally evoked cytosolic calcium signals and timing of permeability transition pore opening in response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Our data indicate that mitochondria within individual cells are morphologically heterogeneous and unconnected, allowing them to have distinct functional properties.
Orthogonal, metal-free surface modification by strain-promoted azide–alkyne and nitrile oxide–alkene/alkyne cycloadditions (2012)

In this article we present a fast and efficient methodology for biochemical surface patterning under extremely mild conditions. Micropatterned azide/benzaldoxime-surfaces were prepared by microcontact printing of a heterobifunctional cyclooctyne oxime linker on azide-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) in combination with microcontact printing allows fast and effective surface patterning. The resulting bifunctional azide/oxime substrates could successfully be used for metal-free, orthogonal immobilization of various biomolecules by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions at room temperature. Azide-decorated areas were modified by reaction with a cyclooctyne-conjugate using SPAAC, while benzaldoxime-decorated areas were activated by in situ oxidation to the reactive nitrile oxides and subsequent nitrile oxide cycloaddition with alkene- and alkyne-functionalized bioconjugates. In addition, orthogonal double immobilization was achieved by consecutive and independent SPAAC and nitrile oxide cycloadditions.
Volatility: A New Vital Sign Identified Using a Novel Bedside Monitoring Strategy (2005)

1) Volatility predicts death better than measures of central tendency. 2) Volatility is a new vital sign that we will apply to other physiologic parameters, and that can only be fully explored using techniques of dense data capture like SIMON. 3) Densely sampled aggregated physiologic data may identify sub-groups of patients requiring new treatment strategies.