gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength Locking a Fast-Switching Tunable Laser (2004)

We demonstrate wavelength locking in a widely tunable fast-switching laser module that accesses 64 ITU channels with 50-GHz spacing and switches wavelength in under 50 ns. We use a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot etalon to stabilize the laser frequency against long-term drifts. We demonstrate locking while continuously switching with random channel schedules of 1-μs packets. The locked frequency accuracy of /spl plusmn/3 GHz is a factor of two improvement over operation without locking. We also present the dynamics of the frequency drift due to temperature variation in the laser, and show the correlation between the frequency offsets while locking and the electrical power dissipated in the tuning sections.
Vitamin E (2000)

There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that the dietary intakes of vitamin E are insufficient to protect against the long-term health risks associated with oxidative stress. Traditional plant breeding and food processing technologies have not concerned themselves with maximising the levels of the tocopherols in the diet, and supplementation is necessary both for nutritive reasons and for the protection of fat-rich foods against oxidative rancidity. The paper reviews the potential for improving the tocopherol levels in the diet, particularly α-tocopherol. Genetic technologies have already demonstrated the potential to enhance tocopherol levels by up-regulation of the final steps in the biosynthetic pathway. Other strategies for the enhancement of the vitamin E content of plant foods are considered both from the perspective of improved bioavailability and the levels in processed foods. Finally some priorities for future research in the field are described. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Lesiones oculares tras un traumatismo eléctrico de alta tensión (1993)

Se realiza un estudio prospectivo de las lesiones oculares tras un traumatismo electrico de alta tension (V > 1.000 v) de los pacientes atendidos en la Seccion de Quemados del Hospital La Fe en los ultimos tres anos. Con un seguimiento medio de 14, 7 meses, hemos estudiado a doce pacientes y hemos hallado alteraciones oftalmologicas en cuatro de ellos (33%), siendo la catarata la patologia mas frecuente (16, 6%), con una aparicion generalmente tardia. Otras lesiones halladas han sido: quemaduras palpebrales, leucoma corneal adherente y pseudoquiste macular.
Volumetric-Modulated Arc Radiotherapy for Skull-Base and Non-Skull-Base Head and Neck Cancer: A Treatment Planning Comparison with Fixed Beam IMRT (2012)

The purpose of this study is to compare the dose distribution, monitor units (MUs) and radiation delivery time between volumetric-modulated arc (VMAT) and fix-beam intensity modulated radiotherapy (FB-IMRT) in skull-base and non-skull-base head and neck cancer (HNC). CT datasets of 8 skull-base and 7 non-skull-base HNC were identified. IMRT and VMAT plans were generated. The prescription dose ranged 45-70 Gy (1.8-2.2 Gy/fraction). The VMAT delivery time was measured when these plans were delivered to the patients. The FB-IMRT delivery time was generated on a phantom. Comparison of dose-volume histogram data, MUs, and delivery times was performed using T-test. Our results show that both plans yield similar target volume coverage, homogeneity, and conformity. In skull-base cases, compared to FB-IMRT, VMAT generated significantly smaller hot-spot inside PTV (2.0% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.031), lower maximum chiasm dose (32 ± 11 Gy vs. 41 ± 15 Gy, p = 0.026), lower ipsilateral temporal-mandibular joint dose (D33: 41.4 Gy vs. 46.1 Gy, p = 0.016), lower mean ipsilateral middle ear dose (43 ± 9 Gy vs. 38 ± 10 Gy, p = 0.020) and a trend for lower optic nerve, temporal lobe, parotid, and oral cavity dose. In non-skull-base cases, doses to normal tissues were similar between the two plans. There was a reduction of 70% in MUs (486 ± 95 vs. 1614 ± 493, p < 0.001) and 73% in delivery times (3.0 ± 0.6 vs. 11.0 ± 3.3 min, p < 0.001) favoring VMAT. We conclude that VMAT appears to spare more normal tissues from high radiation dose for the tested skull-base tumors. Dosimetrically, both approaches were equivalent for non-skull-base tumor with VMAT using fewer MUs and shorter delivery time.
Substrate Selectivity of Epidermal Growth Factor-Receptor Ligand Sheddases and their Regulation by Phorbol Esters and Calcium Influx (2006)

Signaling via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has critical roles in development and diseases such as cancer, is regulated by proteolytic shedding of its membrane-tethered ligands. Sheddases for EGFR-ligands are therefore key signaling switches in the EGFR pathway. Here, we determined which ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) can shed various EGFR-ligands, and we analyzed the regulation of EGFR-ligand shedding by two commonly used stimuli, phorbol esters and calcium influx. Phorbol esters predominantly activate ADAM17, thereby triggering a burst of shedding of EGFR-ligands from a late secretory pathway compartment. Calcium influx stimulates ADAM10, requiring its cytoplasmic domain. However, calcium influx-stimulated shedding of transforming growth factor alpha and amphiregulin does not require ADAM17, even though ADAM17 is essential for phorbol ester-stimulated shedding of these EGFR-ligands. This study provides new insight into the machinery responsible for EGFR-ligand release and thus EGFR signaling and demonstrates that dysregulated EGFR-ligand shedding may be caused by increased expression of constitutively active sheddases or activation of different sheddases by distinct stimuli.
Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere (2023)

Simple analytical solutions exist for the deflection by line loads of thin elastic beams that overlie an inviscid fluid substrate. Deflections for more complex rectangular- and triangular-shaped loads can be evaluated by integration. The deflection of a beam that varies in thickness along its length is best solved, however, by numerical rather than analytical methods. Foremost among them are finite difference techniques, and both two- and three-dimensional codes are now widely available. Thin-plate theory and a flat Earth are good approximations to make in most geological modelling applications.
A linear code-preserving signature analyzer COPMISR (2002)

In this paper for an arbitrary linear separable code the concept of a COde Preserving Multi-Input Signature Register COPMISR is introduced. For a code with k control bits 2/sup k2/ different COPMISR's can be designed. The optimum COPMISR with a minimum number of XOR-gates can be chosen from this large set. By different examples it is shown how the newly introduced COPMISR can be simultaneously utilized for concurrent checking, testing and localization of an eventually erroneous component of the monitored system. Since parity codes, group-parity codes, duplication codes and Hamming codes are special linear separable codes the concept of the COPMISR has a wide range of applications in different areas of on-line error detection and BIST.
Disruption of the homeobox gene Hoxb‐6 in mice results in increased numbers of early erythrocyte progenitors (2000)

Hox genes encode transcription factors that are required for proper development of certain tissues and for patterning of the hindbrain, the limbs, and skeleton.They are also expressed in the hematopoietic system with a preference for specific cell lineages.To determine the role of Hoxb-6 in normal hematopoiesis, mice with a targeted disruption in the Hoxb-6 gene were generated.Mature hematopoietic cell types and immune responses are normal in homozygous Hoxb-6 mutants.Clonogenic progenitor cell assays demonstrate an increased number of early erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and fetal liver of mutants, while differentiation of other cell lineages is unaffected.These results suggest that Hoxb-6 controls the generation, proliferation, or survival of erythroid progenitor cells.Am.
Glucose Regulation in Preterm Newborn Infants (2007)

After birth, continuous transplacental transfer of glucose is interrupted. Neonates have to provide brain and vital organs with sufficient glucose. In term newborn infants, this is accomplished through well-coordinated hormonal and metabolic adaptive changes. During the first week of life, preterm infants are at high risk of abnormal glucose homeostasis. They are at risk of hypoglycemia due to limited glycogen and fat stores that should have occurred in the third trimester. Continuous glucose infusion is always required soon after birth to maintain the glucose level. However, under such conditions, many preterm infants develop hyperglycemia. Defective islet beta-cell processing of proinsulin is likely related to hyperglycemia. There is also evidence that preterm infants are partially resistant to insulin. By contrast with adults, hepatic glucose production is not suppressed during parenteral glucose infusion. Exogenous insulin infusion partially reduces endogenous glucose production in preterm newborn infants. This treatment is efficient and safe when used with caution. More research is needed to understand the specificity of glucose homeostasis in preterm infants and to evaluate the long-term consequences of metabolic and nutritional support during early life.
Optimization of intensity modulated beams with volume constraints using two methods: Cost function minimization and projections onto convex sets (1998)

For accurate prediction of normal tissue tolerance, it is important that the volumetric information of dose distribution be considered. However, in dosimetric optimization of intensity modulated beams, the dose-volume factor is usually neglected. In this paper we describe two methods of volume-dependent optimization for intensity modulated beams such as those generated by computer-controlled multileaf collimators. The first method uses a volume sensitive penalty function in which fast simulated annealing is used for cost function minimization (CFM). The second technique is based on the theory of projections onto convex sets (POCS) in which the dose-volume constraint is replaced by a limit on integral dose. The ability of the methods to respect the dose-volume relationship was demonstrated by using a prostate example involving partial volume constraints to the bladder and the rectum. The volume sensitive penalty function used in the CFM method can be easily adopted by existing optimization programs. The convex projection method can find solutions in much shorter time with minimal user interaction.
Axial ratio of a curl antenna (1997)

The axial ratio of a curl antenna composed of vertical linear, horizontal linear, and curled sections is investigated using the method of moments. Axial ratio contours are presented for various values of antenna height h at a test (centre) frequency of 11.85 GHz. As the horizontal linear section length Lf increases, the number of curl turns n required for radiation of a circularly polarised (CP) wave decreases. It is also found that the ranges of choices for Lf and n for radiation of a CP wave becomes wider as the antenna height increases. Further calculations show that, as the antenna height increases: (i) the frequency bandwidth over which the axial ratio is less than 3 dB becomes wider, and (ii) the cross-polarisation component increases in a direction off the z-axis normal to the antenna plane, reducing the gain. A curl antenna of (height h, spiral constant asp, horizontal linear section length Lf, number of curl turns n) = (4.6 mm, 0.26 mm/rad, 3.01 mm, 1.23 turns) has a frequency bandwidth of 10.3% for a 3 dB axial ratio criterion, with a maximum gain of approximately 8 dB.
Gold Nanorods for Ovarian Cancer Detection with Photoacoustic Imaging and Resection Guidance<i>via</i>Raman Imaging in Living Mice (2012)

Improved imaging approaches are needed for ovarian cancer screening, diagnosis, staging, and resection guidance. Here, we propose a combined photoacoustic (PA)/Raman approach using gold nanorods (GNRs) as a passively targeted molecular imaging agent. GNRs with three different aspect ratios were studied. Those with an aspect ratio of 3.5 were selected for their highest ex vivo and in vivo PA signal and used to image subcutaneous xenografts of the 2008, HEY, and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines in living mice. Maximum PA signal was observed within 3 h for all three lines tested and increased signal persisted for at least two days postadministration. There was a linear relationship (R(2) = 0.95) between the PA signal and the concentration of injected molecular imaging agent with a calculated limit of detection of 0.40 nM GNRs in the 2008 cell line. The same molecular imaging agent could be used for clear visualization of the margin between tumor and normal tissue and tumor debulking via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging. Finally, we validated the imaging findings with biodistribution data and elemental analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo imaging of ovarian cancer tumors with a photoacoustic and Raman imaging agent.
A real time and robust facial expression recognition and imitation approach for affective human-robot interaction using Gabor filtering (2013)

Facial expressions are a rich source of communicative information about human behavior and emotion. This paper presents a real-time system for recognition and imitation of facial expressions in the context of affective Human Robot Interaction. The proposed method achieves a fast and robust facial feature extraction based on consecutively applying filters to the gradient image. An efficient Gabor filter is used, along with a set of morphological and convolutional filters to reduce the noise and the light dependence of the image acquired by the robot. Then, a set of invariant edge-based features are extracted and used as input to a Dynamic Bayesian Network classifier in order to estimate a human emotion. The output of this classifier updates a geometric robotic head model, which is used as a bridge between the human expressiveness and the robotic head. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach compared to similar systems.
Inhibition of <scp>CK</scp>2α down‐regulates Notch1 signalling in lung cancer cells (2013)

Protein kinase CK2 is frequently elevated in a variety of human cancers. The Notch1 signalling pathway has been implicated in stem cell maintenance and its aberrant activation has been shown in several types of cancer including lung cancer. Here, we show, for the first time, that CK2α is a positive regulator of Notch1 signalling in lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. We found that Notch1 protein level was reduced after CK2α silencing. Down-regulation of Notch1 transcriptional activity was demonstrated after the silencing of CK2α in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, small-molecule CK2α inhibitor CX-4945 led to a dose-dependent inhibition of Notch1 transcriptional activity. Conversely, forced overexpression of CK2α resulted in an increase in Notch1 transcriptional activity. Finally, the inhibition of CK2α led to a reduced proportion of stem-like CD44 + /CD24- cell population. Thus, we report that the inhibition of CK2α down-regulates Notch1 signalling and subsequently reduces a cancer stem-like cell population in human lung cancer cells. Our data suggest that CK2α inhibitors may be beneficial to the lung cancer patients with activated Notch1 signalling.
Fabrication of Functionalized Copper Compound Hierarchical Structure with Bionic Superhydrophobic Properties (2009)

Hierarchical structure of flower-like CuO standing on Cu(OH)2 nanorod arrays, similar to that of a lotus leaf, was directly fabricated on the surface of copper foils by a simple one-step solution-immersion process. It was found that the diameter of the nanorods ranges from 100 to 500 nm, and the length of the rods is about tens of micrometers. Synchronously, flower-like CuO with a diameter of about 3−5 μm was also deposited from the bulk solution during the growth of nanorod arrays. The wettability of the surface with hierarchical structure was changed from surperhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity by chemical modification with stearic acid (STA) or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PDES). The static contact angles (CAs) for water on both of the modified surfaces were larger than 160°, which was closely related to the chemical modification and hierarchical structure. Compared with the STA-modified surface, the PDES-modified surface had a lower CA hysteresis (CAH) and adhesion for water droplets. Furthermore, the surfaces retained good superhydrophobic stability in long-term storage as well, which should be critical to the application of Cu materials in engineering.
MMSE interference suppression for rapidly faded CDMA systems: A new formulation for differentially modulated signals (2002)

While MMSE interference suppression for DS-CDMA systems offers large potential gains relative to the conventional matched filter receiver, standard MMSE adaptation for coherent demodulation is unable to track a typical fading channel. However, with the use of differentially coherent demodulation, the task of tracking the fading gain of the desired user can be avoided altogether. In this paper, we propose a new optimization problem, involving a quadratic cost function and a quadratic constraint, for linear interference suppression in differentially modulated systems. The solution to the optimization problem turns out to be the MMSE correlator, which is known to be near-far resistant. Our formulation therefore provides a systematic framework for obtaining new recursive and block adaptive implementations of the MMSE correlator which are robust to time variations due to fading.
Modeling of Artificial <i>Aurelia aurita</i> Bell Deformation (2011)

Abstract Recently, there has been significant interest in developing underwater vehicles inspired by jellyfish. One of these notable efforts includes the artificial Aurelia aurita (Robojelly). The artificial A. aurita is able to swim with similar proficiency to the A. aurita species of jellyfish even though its deformation profile does not completely match the natural animal. In order to overcome this problem, we provide a systematic finite element model (FEM) to simulate the transient behavior of the artificial A. aurita vehicle utilizing bio-inspired shape memory alloy composite (BISMAC) actuators. The finite element simulation model accurately captures the hyperelastic behavior of EcoFlex (Shore hardness-0010) room temperature vulcanizing silicone by invoking a three-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model. Furthermore, the FEM incorporates experimental temperature transformation curves of shape memory alloy wires by introducing negative thermal coefficient of expansion and considers the effect of gravity and fluid buoyancy forces to accurately predict the transient deformation of the vehicle. The actual power cycle used to drive artificial A. aurita vehicle was used in the model. The overall profile error between FEM and the vehicle profile is mainly due to the difference in initial relaxed profiles.
A Panoramic 3D Reconstruction System Based on the Projection of Patterns (2014)

This work presents the implementation of a 3D reconstruction system capable of reconstructing a 360-degree scene with a single acquisition using a projection of patterns. The system is formed by two modules: the first module is a CCD camera with a parabolic mirror that allows the acquisition of catadioptric images. The second module consists of a light projector and a parabolic mirror that is used to generate the pattern projections over the object that will be reconstructed. The projection system has a 360-degree field of view and both modules were calibrated to obtain the extrinsic parameters. To validate the functionality of the system, we performed 3D reconstructions of three objects, and show the reconstruction error analysis.
Silicon Integrated 280 GHz Imaging Chipset With 4<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex> </formula>4 SiGe Receiver Array and CMOS Source (2015)

In this paper, we report an integrated silicon-based active imaging chipset with a detector array in 0.13 μm SiGe process and a CMOS-based source array operating in the 240-290 GHz range. The chipset operates at room-temperature with no external RF or optical sources, high-resistivity silicon lenses (HRSi) or waveguides or any custom fabrication options, such as high-resistivity substrates or substrate thinning. The receiver chip consists of a 2-D array of 16 pixels, measuring 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm with integrated antennas. An electromagnetic-active circuit co-design approach is carried out to ensure high-efficiency interface with detectors operating above cut-off frequencies with good impedance matching, near-optimal noise performance, while simultaneously suppressing the dominant surface-wave modes in a lensless lossy bulk silicon substrate. The array performance is characterized in the WR-3 band between 220-320 GHz. At the designed frequency of 260 GHz, the NEP of all pixels stays between 7.9 pW/√{Hz}-8.8 pW/√{Hz}. The imaging chipset consists of this 2D detector array chip and a CMOS-based source array chip measuring 0.8 mm ×0.8 mm. The entire system dissipates less than 180 mW of DC power, representing a truly integrated solution.
DNA Polymerases α and β Are Required for DNA Repair in an Efficient Nuclear Extract from Xenopus Oocytes (1996)

Xenopus oocytes and an oocyte nuclear extract efficiently repair the bulky DNA lesions cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers,(6-4) photoproducts, and N-acetoxy-2-aminofluorene (AAF) adducts by an excision repair mechanism. Nearly all (>95%) of the input damaged DNA was repaired within 5 h in both injected cells and extracts with no significant incorporation of label into control undamaged DNA. Remarkably, more than 10(10) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or(6-4) photoproducts are repaired/nuclei. The extracts are free from nuclease activity, and repair is independent of exogenous light. Both the high efficiency and DNA polymerase requirements of this system appear to be different from extracts derived from human cells. We demonstrated a requirement for DNA polymerases alpha and beta in repair of both photoproducts and AAF by inhibiting repair with several independent antibodies specific to either DNA polymerases alpha or beta and then restoring repair by adding the appropriate purified polymerase. Repair is inhibited by aphidicolin at concentrations specific for blocking DNA polymerase alpha and dideoxynucleotide triphosphates at concentrations specific for inhibiting DNA polymerase beta.
A novel type II relay-assisted retransmission scheme for uplink of LTE-advanced system (2013)

Relay, which enables coverage extension and throughput enhancement, is a very promising technique for future wireless communication systems. Among different types of relay, type II relay is one kind of inband relays and is hotly discussed in LTE-Advanced system for throughput enhancement. In order to support type II relay, many challenges must be overcome. In this article, we focus on relay-assisted uplink data retransmission and propose a novel joint design of reference signal and data precoding for type II relay. The proposed method not only solves the problem of channel estimation mismatch for control information, but also achieves cooperative diversity gain for data transmission. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method over existing schemes.