gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WE‐C‐110‐04: Local Dose Constraints in Fluence Field Modulated CT (2011)

Purpose: Fluence field modulated computed tomography (FFMCT) presents a new paradigm for CT imaging. Spatial modulation of the x‐ray fluence field, whereby the fluence pattern can change independently for each projection, can potentially meet user‐prescribed, regionally‐varying image quality objectives, while reducing radiation exposure to the patient. This work studies the potential to meet image quality objectives while limiting dose to local regions of interest via FFMCT. Methods: All experiments were carried out in simulation using cylindrical and anthropomorphic phantoms. Fluence patterns were optimized to meet prescribed signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) criteria using a simulated annealing method with dose constraints on locally defined regions of interest. Optimizations were repeated using different weighting factors on the local dose constraints. Resulting SNR and dose distributions were compared to those of a fixed bowtie filtered fluence pattern. Results: Results using FFMCT had superior agreement with the target SNR objectives and resulted in integral dose reductions of up to 50% when compared to results using bowtie filtered fluence fields. Increasing the relative weight of the local dose constraint resulted in further dose reductions (30–40% integral dose) to local regions of interest, with some tradeoff in SNR where overlap between the target low dose regions occurred with target high SNR regions of interest. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that FFMCT has the potential to meet prescribed image quality objectives, while decreasing radiation dose to the patient. They also indicate that fluence field modulation may be optimized to prioritize dose reduction to local regions of interest when attempting to meet particular noise objectives.
A General Strategy for the Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Compounds (2013)

A great leap forward toward the general synthesis of P-stereogenic compounds: Heating H3 PO2 with (-)-menthol and paraformaldehyde gives easily crystallized menthyl hydroxymethyl-H-phosphinate (1). From this product, virtually any P-stereogenic compound can be synthesized.
Organic Light-Emitting Transistors (2006)

A light-emitting OFET with pronounced ambipolar current characteristic has been prepared by co-evaporation of α-quinquethiophene (α-5T) as hole-transport material and ditridecyl-perylene-tetracarboxylic diimide (P13) as electron-transport material. The light intensity is controlled by both the drain-source voltage VDS and the gate voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> . Here, we demonstrate the general concept of adjusting electron and hole mobilities by co-evaporation of two different organic semiconductors.
3207 Estimation of Road Configuration and Vehicle Behavior by Image Processing (2000)

An algorithm has been developed for simultaneously estimating the road configuration and vehicle behavior based on image processing. This algorithm is designed for a lane-keeping assist system. The image processing logic detects lane markers on each side in images taken with a forward-looking camera. The algorithm is fully capable of detecting lane markers on expressways and its processing time and accuracy are sufficient for keeping a vehicle in its lane.
MicroRNA 320a and Membrane Antigens as Tools to Evaluate the Pathophysiology of Platelets Stored in Blood Banks (2022)

Our research group, through the analysis of miRNomes in platelet concentrates (PCs) stored in blood banks, identified and validated the miR-127 and miR-320a miRNAs as biomarkers of platelet storage lesions (PSLs) in PCs. In order to validate the miRNAs 127 and 320a methodologically, as PSL biomarkers in a large number of PC bags, we also evaluated important immunological markers involved in the platelet activation/aggregation process-the CD62P receptor (P-selectin), the surface glycoproteins (GP) IIb/IIIa, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor-via flow cytometry. The miRNAs miR-127 and miR-320a were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To carry out this study, 500 collection tubes were used at the upper edge of the PC bags containing platelets. Each tube was divided into seven equal parts (totaling 3500 samples) for platelet analysis from 7 different storage days, where the 1st day represents the high-quality control, and the 7th day corresponds to the low-quality control of the platelets. After analyzing all parameters during storage days, it was concluded that the relative quantification of miR-320a below 0.50 and the CD62P receptor below 27.92% are reliable indicators of the absence of storage lesions in blood banks. We believe that the values found in the expression of the CD62P receptor legitimize the use of the miR-320a and miR-127 miRNAs to build a kit capable of accurately measuring whether the stored platelets are suitable for transfusion.
Emergence of Salmon Gill Poxvirus (2022)

The Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) has emerged in recent years as the cause of an acute respiratory disease that can lead to high mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon presmolts, known as Salmon gill poxvirus disease. SGPV was first identified in Norway in the 1990s, and its large DNA genome, consisting of over 206 predicted protein-coding genes, was characterized in 2015. This review summarizes current knowledge relating to disease manifestation and its effects on the host immune system and describes dissemination of the virus. It also demonstrates how newly established molecular tools can help us to understand SGPV and its pathogenesis. Finally, we conclude and ask some burning questions that should be addressed in future research.
Selection of Aptamers against Live Bacterial Cells (2008)

Single-stranded DNA or RNA aptamer molecules have usually been selected against purified target molecules. To eliminate the need of purifying target molecules on the cell surface, we have developed a selection technique using live bacterial cells in suspension as targets, to select for ssDNA aptamers specific to cell surface molecules. Lactobacillus acidophilus cells were chosen to demonstrate proof of principle based on their high abundance of surface molecules (potential targets). Aptamer pools obtained after 6-8 rounds of selection demonstrated high affinity for and selective binding with L. acidophilus cells when tested via flow cytometry, microscopy, and fluorescence measurements. Out of 27 aptamers that were cloned and sequenced, one sequence, hemag1P, was found to bind to L. acidophilus much more strongly and specifically than other cells tested. This aptamer was predicted to have a tight hairpin secondary structure. On average, an estimated 164 +/- 47 aptamer molecules were bound to a target cell with an apparent K d of 13 +/- 3 nM. A likely putative molecular target of hemag1P is the S-layer protein on the cell surface.
<title>Micromirror arrays fabricated by flip-chip assembly</title> (1999)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, modeling, and testing of several Flexure-Beam Micromirror Device (FBMD) arrays fabricated using flip-chip assembly. These arrays were prefabricated using a silicon surface-micromachining technology and then transferred to a ceramic receiving substrate using a thin layer of indium placed between the bond pads of the two chips. Device characterization was completed using an interferometric microscope in which micromirror deflection was determined as a function of address potential. The arrays demonstrate reasonable micromirror performance with optically flat surfaces measuring only 5 - 6 nm of variance across as much as a 150 micrometer mirror surface.
Fast switched-beam beamforming for optimal selection combining in frequency selective fading CDMA channels (2002)

In previous work we emphasized the advantages of using a fast switched multibeam antenna for channel estimation in multipath Rayleigh flat-fading code division multiple access (CDMA) communication channels. In this paper we investigate the benefits of designing fast switched-beam antenna systems that maximize the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SNIR) of the desired user, when the signals are subject to frequency selective fading. The diversity offered by multipath propagation is exploited using selection combining. The aim is to, given a set of predetermined beam patters, select the chip rate switching beam sequence that will maximize the signal strength of the desired user, while minimize the interference from all other users.
Motion Sensor Dyskinesia Assessment During Activities of Daily Living (2014)

A system with motion sensors may provide an accurate measure of overall dyskinesia that can be used to monitor patients as they complete typical activities, and thus provide insight on symptom fluctuation in the context of daily life.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Direct Hydrogenation Process of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids to the Corresponding Aldehydes with Zirconia Catalyst. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved design optimization of efficient matching networks for capacitive wireless power transfer systems (2018)

Matching networks are an efficient means of providing large voltage and/or current gain and reactive compensation in high-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper introduces an improved approach to designing matching networks for capacitive WPT systems, which maximizes the network efficiency while achieving the required overall gain and compensation. The proposed approach identifies the optimal number of matching network stages, the optimal distribution of gains and compensation among these stages, and the optimal air-gap voltage. The proposed approach is used to design the matching networks for a high-performance 6.78-MHz 250-W 1.2-cm air-gap prototype capacitive WPT system. The prototype system achieves a power transfer density of 51.4 kW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and an efficiency of 90.4%, which matches well with the theoretical prediction.
Growth and performance of superlattice-based long wavelength complementary barrier infrared detectors (CBIRDs) (2010)

We have demonstrated the use of bulk antimonide based materials and type-II antimonide based superlattices in the development large area long wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs). Barrier infrared photodetectors (BIRDS) and superlattice-based infrared photodetectors are expected to outperform traditional III-V MWIR and LWIR imaging technologies and are expected to offer significant advantages over II-VI material based FPAs. Our group has developed a novel complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) which utilizes properties unique to the antimonide material system to incorporate unipolar barriers on either side of a superlattice absorber region. We have used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technology to grow InAs/GaSb CBIRD structures on large area 100mm GaSb substrates with excellent results. Furthermore, we have fabricated initial 1024x1024 pixels superlattice imaging FPAs based on the CBIRD concept.
FET Characterization using gated-TLM structure (1985)

A new FET characterization structure consisting of parallel ohmic contacts with gates of varying lengths in between is described. The FET source resistance is accurately measured without parameter fitting or iteration. The low-field electron mobility beneath the gate is determined as an effective uniform value and as a function of distance into the channel without iteration. The use of this structure is demonstrated on self-aligned ion-implanted GaAs MESFET's.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies of a VEGF <sub>121</sub> /rGelonin chimeric fusion toxin targeting the neovasculature of solid tumors (2002)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. We generated a fusion protein containing VEGF(121) linked by a flexible G(4)S tether to the toxin gelonin (rGel) and expressed this as a soluble protein in bacteria. Purified VEGF(121)/rGel migrated as an 84-kDa homodimer under nonreducing conditions. VEGF(121)/rGel bound to purified, immobilized Flk-1, and the binding was competed by VEGF(121). Both VEGF(121)/rGel and VEGF(121) stimulated cellular kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) phosphorylation. The VEGF(121)/rGel fusion construct was highly cytotoxic to endothelial cells overexpressing the KDR/Flk-1 receptor. The IC(50) of the construct on dividing endothelial cells expressing 10(5) or more KDR/Flk-1 receptors per cell was 0.5-1 nM, as compared with 300 nM for rGel itself. Dividing endothelial cells overexpressing KDR were approximately 60-fold more sensitive to VEGF(121)/rGel than were nondividing cells. Endothelial cells overexpressing FLT-1 were not sensitive to the fusion protein. Human melanoma (A-375) or human prostate (PC-3) xenografts treated with the fusion construct demonstrated a reduction in tumor volume to 16% of untreated controls. The fusion construct localized selectively to PC-3 tumor vessels and caused thrombotic damage to tumor vessels with extravasation of red blood cells into the tumor bed. These studies demonstrate the successful use of VEGF(121)/rGel fusion construct for the targeted destruction of tumor vasculature in vivo.
Statistical prediction of protein–chemical interactions based on chemical structure and mass spectrometry data (2007)

Available on request from the authors.
Ultrafast ablation with high-pulse-rate lasers. Part II: Experiments on laser deposition of amorphous carbon films (1999)

Ultrafast pulsed laser deposition is a novel technique for depositing particle-free, thin solid films using very high repetition rate lasers. The process involves evaporation of the target by low energy laser pulses focused to an optimum intensity to eliminate particles from the vapor. This results in films with very high surface quality while the very high repetition rate increases the overall deposition rate. Here we report an experimental demonstration of the process by creating ultrasmooth, thin, amorphous carbon films using high repetition rate Nd:YAG lasers. Both a 10 kHz, 120 ns Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, or a 76 MHz 60 ps mode-locked Nd:YAG laser were used in the experiments. The number of particles visible with an optical microscope on the carbon film deposited using the mode-locked laser was less than one particle per mm2. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the deposited film had a very fine surface texture with nanoscale irregularities. Atomic force microscopy surface microroughness measurements revealed a saturation-like behavior of the root-mean-square roughness at &lt;12 nm over the whole deposited surface area for 10 kHz Q-switched laser evaporation; and almost at the atomic level (&lt;1 nm) for the 76 MHz mode-locked laser evaporation. Raman spectroscopy of the deposited films indicated that they consisted of a mixture of sp3 and sp2 bonded amorphous carbon. The thickness of the amorphous carbon film deposited simultaneously on two 4 in. silicon wafers varied by only ±5% over an area of ∼250 cm2. The deposition rate was ∼2–6 Å/s at a distance of ∼150 mm from the target, which is 10 to 25 times higher than that achieved with conventional high energy low repetition rate nanosecond lasers.
Propylene hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPropylene hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxideJ. W. Rathke, R. J. Klingler, and T. R. KrauseCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 5, 1350–1355Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00051a027https://doi.org/10.1021/om00051a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views652Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Invriant chain peptides enhancing or inhibiting the presentation of antigenic peptides by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (1995)

Two soluble invariant chain (Ii) peptides with overlapping sequences had contrasting effects on the presentation of antigenic peptides by murine Ad, Ak, Ed, and Ek major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Naturally produced class II-associated invariant chain peptides human (h)Ii81-104/murine (m)Ii80-103 inhibited antigen presentation on these MHC class II alleles in a manner consistent with competitive inhibition. The Ii-4 peptides hIi77-92/mIi76-91 enhanced presentation of antigenic peptides on I-E class II alleles by promoting the exchange of peptides at the cell surface. Treatment of antigen-presenting cells (APC) with Ii-4 before the addition of antigenic peptide greatly enhanced subsequent T cell responses, while treatment of APC with Ii-4 after antigenic peptide binding decreased subsequent T cell responses. The hIi81-104 and mIi80-103 peptides inhibited T cell responses in both types of assays. The binding of biotinylated antigenic peptide to MHC class II-transfected L cells, as measured by flow cytometry, was inhibited by mIi80-103 and enhanced by mIi-4. Segments of Ii fragments remaining associated with MHC class II, or released Ii peptides, appear to regulate the formation of stable antigenic peptide/MHC class II complexes either positively or negatively through interactions at or near the antigenic peptide binding site. These findings open a pathway for the design of novel therapeutics based on the structure and function of natural and rationally designed fragments of Ii.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Music Information Retrieval (2008)

The 19 papers in this special issue were selected to represent the range of current problems in music information retrieval (MIR).
High-speed voltage-controlled oscillator with quadrature outputs (1991)

A voltage-controlled oscillator topology is described that combines a fully-differential four-stage ring oscillator with a balanced exclusive NOR gate frequency doubler, and provides both inphase and quadrature output signals at twice the ring oscillator frequency. These quadrature signals have a period of only four gate delays, which implies high frequency operation.
Output-Isolation And Protection Circuit (1989)

Output-isolation circuit couples precise analog signals (-10 to +10 V, 0 to 20 kHz) from computer or from other electronic equipment to external electronic equipment that may be at different ground potential. Circuit functions in presence of common-mode voltages up to 2,500 Vac or 3,500 Vdc. To prevent damage from accidental connection of output leads to powerlines or other sources of high voltage, circuit includes features that protect input and output signal lines against normal-mode overvoltages up to 120 V ac or dc.
Reconstruction method for x-ray imaging capsule (2017)

A colon imaging capsule has been developed by Check-Cap Ltd (C-Scan<sup>® </sup>Cap). For the procedure, the patient swallows a small amount of standard iodinated contrast agent. To create images, three rotating X-ray beams are emitted towards the colon wall. Part of the X-ray photons are backscattered from the contrast medium and the colon. These photons are collected by an omnidirectional array of energy discriminating photon counting detectors (CdTe/CZT) within the capsule. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Compton backscattering photons pertain different energies and are counted separately by the detection electronics. The current work examines a new statistical approach for the algorithm that reconstructs the lining of the colon wall from the X-ray detector readings. The algorithm performs numerical optimization for finding the solution to the inverse problem applied to a physical forward model, reflecting the behavior of the system. The forward model that was employed, accounts for the following major factors: the two mechanisms of dependence between the distance to the colon wall and the number photons, directional scatter distributions, and relative orientations between beams and detectors. A calibration procedure has been put in place to adjust the coefficients of the forward model for the specific capsule geometry, radiation source characteristics, and the detector response. The performance of the algorithm was examined in phantom experiments and demonstrated high correlation between actual phantom shape and x-ray image reconstruction. Evaluation is underway to assess the algorithm performance in clinical setting.
A model-based approach to intelligent control of gas metal arc welding (1990)

This paper discusses work on a model-based intelligent process controller for gas metal arc welding. Four sensors input to a neural network, which communicates to a reference model-based adaptive controller that controls process parameters. Reference model derivation and validation are discussed. The state of an arch weld is determined by the composition of the weld and base metal and the weld's thermomechanical history. The composition of the deposited weld metal depends primarily on the amount of filler metal dilution; heat input to the weld, comprising pre-heat and process heat, is the controlling factor in the thermal cycle. Thus, control of the arc welding process should focus on rational specification and in-process control of the heat and mass input to the weld. A control model has been developed in which the governing equations are solved for the process parameters as functions of the desired heat input (in terms of heat input unit weld length) and mass input (in terms of transverse reinforcement area) to the weld. The model includes resistive and arc heating of the electrode wire, characteristics of the welding power supply, and a volumetric heat balance on the electrode material, as well as latent and superheat of the electrode material. Extension of the model to include dynamics of individual droplet transfer events, based on incorporating a nonlinear, lumped parameter droplet analysis, is discussed. A major emphasis has been placed on computational simplicity; model solutions are required at the rate of about 10 Hz during welding. Finally, a process control scheme has been developed for the gas metal arc welding process using the above nonlinear model with a proportional-integral controller with adaptive coefficients to control the weld heat input and reinforcement area independently. Performance of the resulting control method is discussed. 10 refs., 5 figs.