gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Annealing Treatments on the Properties of Al/Ti/p-GaN Interfaces for Normally OFF p-GaN HEMTs (2016)

This paper reports on the behavior of Al/Ti/ p-GaN interfaces as gate contacts for p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN normally off high electron mobility transistor (HEMTs), highlighting the impact of the thermal budget on the metal gate on the device characteristics. In fact, while the devices subjected to an annealing at 800°C show a considerable high leakage current, those with nonannealed Al/Ti gate contacts exhibit a normally off behavior, with a pinch-off voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">po</sub> = +1.1 V and an on/off current ratio of 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> . Temperature-dependent electrical measurements on back-to-back Schottky diodes allowed to determine a Schottky barrier height Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> of 2.08 and 1.60 eV, for the nonannealed and 800°C annealed gate contacts, respectively. Hence, the increase in the leakage current observed upon annealing at 800°C was attributed to the lowering of the Schottky barrier height Φ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> of the metal gate. The interfacial structural characterization explained the barrier lowering induced by the annealing. This scenario was discussed through the simulated band diagram of the heterostructures, considering the experimental values of Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> . These results provide useful information for the device makers to optimize the fabrication flow of normally off HEMTs with p-GaN gate.
Videoscope-based inspection of turbofan engine blades using convolutional neural networks and image processing (2019)

A typical aircraft engine consists of fans, compressors, turbines, and so on, and each is made of multiple layers of blades. Discovering the site of damages among the large number of blades during aircraft engine maintenance is quite important. However, it is impossible to look directly into the engine unless it is disassembled. For this reason, optical equipment such as a videoscope is used to visually inspect the blades of an engine through inspection holes. The videoscope inspection method has some obvious drawbacks such as the long-time attention on microscopic video feed and high labor intensity. In this research, we developed a damage recognition algorithm using convolutional neural networks and some image-processing techniques related to feature point extraction and matching in order to improve the videoscope inspection method. The image-processing techniques were mainly used for the preprocessing of the videoscope images, from which a suspected damaged region is selected after the preprocessing. The suspected region is finally classified as damaged or normal by the pre-trained convolutional neural networks. We trained the convolutional neural networks 2000 times by using data from 380 images and calculated the classification accuracy using data from 40 images. After repeating the above procedure 50 times with the data randomly divided into training and test groups, an average classification accuracy of 95.2% for each image and a damage detectability of 100% in video were obtained. For verification of the proposed approach, the convolutional neural network part was compared with the traditional neural network, and the preprocessing was compared with the region proposal network of the faster region–based convolutional neural networks. In addition, we developed a platform based on the developed damage recognition algorithm and conducted field tests with a videoscope for a real engine. The damage detection AI platform was successfully applied to the inspection video probed in an in-service engine.
Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction: Clinical Significance and Preventive Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Strategies (2003)

Endothelium-derived NO is not only a potent vasodilator but also inhibits platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule expression, thus protecting the vessel wall against the development of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an imbalance of the redox equilibrium towards oxidative stress and, therefore, impair the integrity of the endothelium, leading to endothelial activation which involves blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation (vasodilator dysfunction) as well as inflammatory processes extending to the milieu within the whole vasculature, making plaques prone to rupture. In prospective studies endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Thus, the prevention of endothelial dysfunction can determine a strong advantage in the clinical outcome of patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Several non-pharmacological interventions can prevent endothelial dysfunction or improve impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Probably the most effective non-pharmacological measure is represented by aerobic physical activity, which can reduce production of oxidative stress associated to increasing age. Moreover, physical activity can improve endothelial dysfunction even in patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as essential hypertension. In addition several other approaches, including vitamin and fish oil supplementation, or tea and red wine consumption, can lead to an improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, possibly by a restoration of NO availability. It is worth noting that most of non-pharmacological measures act by preventing or reducing oxidative stress.
Physicochemical Properties of Nitrile-Functionalized Ionic Liquids (2007)

A series of ionic liquids (ILs) based on nitrile-functionalized imidazolium, pyridinium, and quaternary ammonium as cations and chlorides and tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, dicyanamide, and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide as anions have been prepared and characterized. The physicochemical properties such as spectroscopic, thermal, solubility, surface, electrochemical, tribological, and toxic properties were comparatively studied. The results showed that the incorporation of a CN group to cations could result in remarkable changes in these properties. The reason resulting in such remarkable differences in the properties may be attributed to the conformational changes in the imidazolium groups caused by the interaction between the CN group with other neighboring cations or anions and the enhancement in hydrogen-bonding interactions due to the incorporation of a CN group.
Cloning and Characterization of ADAMTS-14, a Novel ADAMTS Displaying High Homology with ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 (2002)

The processing of amino- and carboxyl-propeptides of fibrillar collagens is required to generate collagen monomers that correctly assemble into fibrils. Mutations in the ADAMTS2 gene, the aminopropeptidase of procollagen I and II, result in the accumulation of non-fully processed type I procollagen, causing human Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIIC and animal dermatosparaxis. In this study, we show that the aminopropeptide of type I procollagen can be cleaved in vivo in absence of ADAMTS-2 activity and that this processing is performed at the cleavage site for ADAMTS-2. In an attempt to identify the enzyme responsible for this alternative aminoprocollagen peptidase activity, we have cloned the cDNA and determined the primary structure of human and mouse ADAMTS-14, a novel ADAMTS displaying striking homologies with ADAMTS-2 and -3. The structure of the human gene, which maps to 10q21.3, and the mechanisms of generation of the various transcripts are described. The existence of two sites of initiation of transcription, in two different promoter contexts, suggests that transcripts resulting from these two sites can be differently regulated. The tissue distribution of ADAMTS-14, the regulation of the gene expression by various cytokines and the activity of the recombinant enzyme are evaluated. The potential function of ADAMTS-14 as a physiological aminoprocollagen peptidase in vivo is discussed.
Building Extraction using Lidar DEMs and Ikonos Images (2003)

An automated method for boundary representation of building objects has been considered as a core processor for 3D city modelling. Since the reconstruction of generic building shape fundamentally depends on geometric features extracted from data sources, it suffers difficulties especially when a monocular imagery with high scene complexity is solely used. The research described in this paper aims to develop an automated method for building extraction, in which individual building object is localized and boundaries of polyhedral building shape are delineated with a less specific building model. The developed technique focuses on an exploitation of synergy of Ikonos imagery combined with a LIDAR DEM. Individual buildings are localized with rectangle polygon by a hierarchical segmentation of LIDAR DEM and Ikonos multi-spectral information. This polygon is recursively partitioned by linear features extracted from Ikonos image and LIDAR space, which results in a set of convex polygons. Only polygons comprising “significant ” parts of building shape are verified and aggregated. Finally, polyhedral building shapes are reconstructed. Several results are presented with a discussion of evaluation and limitations of our method. 1.
Solving the Flow Separation Issue: a New Nozzle Concept (2008)

An innovative technical solution which allows overcoming the limitation induced by flow separation phenomena and drastically increases the vacuum specific impulse of a main stage rocket engine is presented. After a short review of the open technical literature, the paper presents the new proposed concept. CFD analyses and experimental results (subscale models) are also presented. These data confirm the effectiveness of a simply device, adaptable to any bell shaped nozzle and which allows to solve the flow separation issue, while increasing vacuum specific impulse performances for booster and main stage engines. Moreover, this new concept allows a wider engine throttling range, even at low altitude, without incurring flow separation and associated side loads. Experimental data show a potential for favourable behaviour even during transient phases, allowing significant reduction on transient side loads activity.
Salient region detection for object tracking (2012)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for salient region detection, which can be used in object detection, tracking, video monitoring, and other machine vision fields. The proposed algorithm firstly computes the global similarity between video frames to create a similarity map. Then it finds the coarse positions of moving regions in the similarity map. Finally, the moving objects are obtained by computing color similarity. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect salient regions effectively and can extract the moving objects in video sequences with static background.
Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of lactose operator of Escherichia coli and its binding to lactose repressor. (1976)

The 21-nucleotide-long duplex DNA constituting the lactose operator sequence of E. coli has been synthesized by both chemical and enzymatic methods. The synthetic duplex has the essential feature of the lactose operator as seen by its binding to the lactose repressor. The binding of the synthetic operator fragment to the lactose repressor is specific because it is inhibited by the inducing ligand isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. Thus, it is now possible to show that a chemically synthesized oligodeoxynucleotide can be specifically recognized by its natural regulatory protein.
From 3D point clouds to climbing stairs: A comparison of plane segmentation approaches for humanoids (2011)

In this paper, we consider the problem of building 3D models of complex staircases based on laser range data acquired with a humanoid. These models have to be sufficiently accurate to enable the robot to reliably climb up the staircase. We evaluate two state-of-the-art approaches to plane segmentation for humanoid navigation given 3D range data about the environment. The first approach initially extracts line segments from neighboring 2D scan lines, which are successively combined if they lie on the same plane. The second approach estimates the main directions in the environment by randomly sampling points and applying a clustering technique afterwards to find planes orthogonal to the main directions. We propose extensions for this basic approach to increase the robustness in complex environments which may contain a large number of different planes and clutter. In practical experiments, we thoroughly evaluate all methods using data acquired with a laser-equipped Nao robot in a multi-level environment. As the experimental results show, the reconstructed 3D models can be used to autonomously climb up complex staircases.
Quasi-Static Current Measurement with Field-Modulated Spin-Valve GMR Sensors (2019)

A non-contact current measurement device comprised of a GMR sensor and a ferrite ring core was investigated. The sensor chip employed a high-sensitivity spin-valve full-bridge GMR sensor of which the direct output has non-negligible hysteresis and a limited linear range. By applying an AC modulation current to modulate the output of the GMR sensor, the hysteresis was reduced, and the linear range was over ±0.5 A. The resolution for DC and quasi-static current measurement was 0.1 mA at a 10 Hz bandwidth. The output in proportion to the measured current was obtained either by demodulating the current-sensitive AC signal or by employing the filtered output of the intrinsically nonlinear spin-valve response. The proposed current sensing scheme is suitable for quasi-static current measurement from DC to over 100 Hz.
High-quality integrated microdisk resonators in the visible-to-near-infrared wavelength range on a 3C-silicon carbide-on-insulator platform (2019)

In this Letter, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of high-quality integrated microdisk resonators (MDRs) on a 3C-silicon carbide-on-insulator (SiCOI) platform, working over a wide bandwidth from visible to near-infrared wavelengths. We show record-high quality factors for 3C-silicon carbide (SiC) MDRs of 242,000, 112,000, and 83,000 at the wavelengths of 1550 nm, 770 nm, and 650 nm, respectively, based on high-quality 3C-SiC films with the surface roughness as low as 1.4 Å, achieved by sample-transfer bonding, and precise chemical-mechanical polishing of the SiC film, to remove growth defects. Our study of 3C-SiC films grown on Si using transmission electron microscopy shows that even considerably higher-quality single-crystalline SiCOI can be achieved by flipping and thinning down an ultra-thick ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>∼</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/><mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) 3C-SiC film grown on Si. The SiCOI platform can be used to realize ultra-wideband high-quality SiC devices that are desirable for applications in nonlinear and quantum photonics.
High-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy of Nano-Crystalline Carbon in Silicon Oxycarbide (2018)

The microstructure of segregated carbon in silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), hot-pressed at <i>T</i> = 1600 °C and <i>p</i> = 50 MPa, has been investigated by VIS Raman spectroscopy (λ = 514 nm) within the temperature range 25-1000 °C in air. The occurrence of the G, D' and D bands at 1590, 1620 and 1350 cm<sup>-1</sup>, together with a lateral crystal size <i>L<sub>a</sub></i> < 10 nm and an average distance between lattice defects <i>L<sub>D</sub></i> ≈ 8 nm, provides evidence that carbon exists as nano-crystalline phase in SiOC containing 11 and 17 vol % carbon. Both samples show a linear red shift of the G band up to the highest temperature applied, which is in agreement with the description of the anharmonic contribution to the lattice potential by the modified Tersoff potential. The temperature coefficient χ<sub>G</sub> = -0.024 ± 0.001 cm<sup>-1</sup>/°C is close to that of disordered carbon, e.g., carbon nanowalls or commercial activated graphite. The line width of the G band is independent of temperature with FWHM-values of 35 cm<sup>-1</sup> (C-11) and 45 cm<sup>-1</sup> (C-17), suggesting that scattering with defects and impurities outweighs the phonon-phonon and phonon-electron interactions. Analysis of the Raman line intensities indicates vacancies as dominating defects.
Vision loss after spine surgery: review of the literature and recommendations (2007)

In recent studies spinal surgery has replaced cardiac surgery as a leading cause of postoperative vision loss (POVL). Estimates of the incidence of POVL after spinal surgery range from 0.028 to 0.2%, but with advances in complex spinal instrumentation and the rise in annual spinal operations, POVL may see an ominous increase in its incidence. Postoperative vision loss is an uncommon but devastating complication, with unknown origin and pathogenesis. The authors undertook a literature review and summarize the current understanding of its pathophysiology, highlight the limitations of existing knowledge, and recommend practical guidelines for avoiding this devastating outcome.
Condensed Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) Testing—A Pseudoexhaustive Test Technique (1986)

This paper presents a design technique for linear feedback shift registers that generate test patterns for pseudoexhaustive testing. This technique is applicable to any combinational network in which none of the outputs depends on all inputs. It does not rewire the original network inputs during in-circuit test pattern generation. Thus, the possibility of undetected faults on some inputs is eliminated.
Differential privacy for neighborhood-based collaborative filtering (2013)

As a popular technique in recommender systems, Collaborative Filtering (CF) has received extensive attention in recent years. However, its privacy-related issues, especially for neighborhood-based CF methods, can not be overlooked. The aim of this study is to address the privacy issues in the context of neighborhood-based CF methods by proposing a Private Neighbor Collaborative Filtering (PNCF) algorithm. The algorithm includes two privacy-preserving operations: Private Neighbor Selection and Recommendation-Aware Sensitivity. Private Neighbor Selection is constructed on the basis of the notion of differential privacy to privately choose neighbors. Recommendation-Aware Sensitivity is introduced to enhance the performance of recommendations. Theoretical and experimental analysis are provided to show the proposed algorithm can preserve differential privacy while retaining the accuracy of recommendations.
Dynamic Glenohumeral Stability Provided by Three Heads of the Deltoid Muscle (2002)

The deltoid is a large bulky muscle, comprising approximately 20% of the shoulder muscles. Therefore, the function of the deltoid as a stabilizer is thought to be significant. The current authors quantified dynamic glenohumeral stability provided by three heads of the deltoid by a new biomechanical parameter, the dynamic stability index. The dynamic stability index considers not only the force vectors generated by individual shoulder muscle, but also the concavity compression mechanism. The higher the dynamic stability index, the greater the dynamic stability. The deltoid generated significant shear force and compressive force in the position of anterior shoulder instability. The deltoid provided dynamic stability with the arm in the scapular plane and only decreased the stability of the shoulder with the arm in the coronal plane. The mid and posterior heads should be strengthened vigorously in anterior shoulder instability in conservative and operative treatment, because they provide more stability generating higher compressive force and lower shear force than the anterior head. Scapular muscles should be balanced to avoid the vulnerable glenohumeral position where the arm is extended beyond the scapular plane. Anatomic reattachment of the detached labrum onto the glenoid rim in the anterior instability is important to enhance the effect of compressive force component generated by the muscles.
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (1982)

The development of very stable phosphors with a narrow band emission opened the way to a further miniaturization of fluorescent lamps. A discussion is presented of the present possibilities to reduce lamp dimensions to a degree that makes them suitable for home lighting. Reduction of length is essential, and on the basis of experimental data the balance is considered between this desired reduction in length and the accompanying effects such as loss of efficacy and increase of ballast volume. This leads to an optimum discharge diameter, which is between 10 and 15 mm, depending on the level of luminous flux. Lamps with this diameter must be bent in order to arrive at an acceptable length. Two types of compact fluorescent lamps, designed for the home lighting area, are described. A few remarks are made about their possible applications and their economics.
The novel complex combination of alum, CpG ODN and HH2 as adjuvant in cancer vaccine effectively suppresses tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> (2017)

Single-component adjuvant is prone to eliciting a specific type of Th1 or Th2 response. So, the development of combinatorial adjuvants inducing a robust mixed Th1/Th2 response is a promising vaccination strategy against cancer. Here, we describe a novel combination of aluminum salts (alum), CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) and innate defense regulator peptide HH2 for improving anti-tumor immune responses. The CpG-HH2 complex significantly enhanced the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β, promoted the uptake of antigen and strengthened the activation of p38, Erk1/2 and NF-κB in vitro, compared to CpG or HH2 alone. Immunization with NY-ESO-1 antigen plus alum-CpG-HH2 combinatorial adjuvant effectively inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor burden in prophylactic and therapeutic tumor models and even in passive serum or cellular therapy. In addition, co-administration of NY-ESO-1 with alum-CpG-HH2 combinatorial adjuvant markedly activated NK cell cytotoxicity, induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), dramatically elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) response, and increased infiltrating lymphocytes in tumors. Moreover, in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells completely and depletion of NK cells partially blocked the anti-tumor activity of NY-ESO-1-alum-CpG-HH2 immunization. Overall, our results demonstrate a novel adjuvant combination for cancer vaccine with efficient immunomodulation by stimulating innate immunity and mediating adaptive immunity.