gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gestational and Neonatal Iron Deficiency Alters Apical Dendrite Structure of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in Adult Rat Hippocampus (2010)

The hippocampus develops rapidly during the late fetal and early postnatal periods. Fetal/neonatal iron deficiency anemia (IDA) alters the genomic expression, neurometabolism and electrophysiology of the hippocampus during the period of IDA and, strikingly, in adulthood despite neonatal iron treatment. To determine how early IDA affects the structural development of the apical dendrite arbor in hippocampal area CA1 in the offspring, pregnant rat dams were given an iron-deficient (ID) diet between gestational day 2 and postnatal day (P) 7 followed by rescue with an iron-sufficient (IS) diet. Apical dendrite morphology in hippocampus area CA1 was assessed at P15, P30 and P70 by Scholl analysis of Golgi-Cox-stained neurons. Messenger RNA levels of nine cytoplasmic and transmembrane proteins that are critical for dendrite growth were analyzed at P7, P15, P30 and P65 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The ID group had reduced transcript levels of proteins that modify actin and tubulin dynamics [e.g. cofilin-1 (Cfl-1), profilin-1 (Pfn-1), and profilin-2 (Pfn-2)] at P7, followed at P15 by a proximal shift in peak branching, thinner third-generation dendritic branches and smaller-diameter spine heads. At P30, iron treatment since P7 resulted in recovery of all transcripts and structural components except for a continued proximal shift in peak branching. Nevertheless, at P65-P70, the formerly ID group showed a 32% reduction in 9 mRNA transcripts, including Cfl-1 and Pfn-1 and Pfn-2, accompanied by 25% fewer branches, that were also proximally shifted. These alterations may be due to early-life programming of genes important for structural plasticity during adulthood and may contribute to the abnormal long-term electrophysiology and recognition memory behavior that follows early iron deficiency.
The Benefits of SiC <sc>mosfet</sc>s in a T-Type Inverter for Grid-Tie Applications (2016)

It is well known that multilevel converters can offer significant benefits in terms of harmonic performance and reduced switching losses compared to their two-level counterparts. However, for lower voltage applications the neutral-point-clamped inverter suffers from relatively large semiconductor conduction losses because the output current always flows through two switching devices. In contrast, the T-type multilevel inverter has less conduction losses because only a single outer loop switching device is required to connect the converter output to the upper and lower dc buses, albeit at the expense of increased switching losses since these outer switches must now block the full dc link voltage. Silicon carbide (SiC) mosfet devices potentially offer substantial advantage in this context with their lower switching losses, but the benefit of replacing all switching devices in a T-type inverter with SiC mosfets is not so clear-cut. This paper now explores this issue by presenting a detailed comparison of the use of Si and SiC devices for a three-level T-type inverter operating in grid-tie applications. The study uses datasheet values, switching loss measurements, and calibrated heat sink thermal measurements to precisely compare semiconductor losses for these two alternatives for a T-type inverter operating at or near unity power factor. The results show that replacing only the dc bus connection switches with SiC devices significantly reduces the semiconductor losses, allowing either the converter power level or the switching frequency to be significantly increased for the same device losses. Hence, the use of SiC mosfets for T-type inverters can be seen to be an attractive and potentially cost-effective alternative, since only two switching devices per phase leg need to be upgraded.
Localizing partial discharge in power transformers by combining acoustic and different electrical methods (2012)

The reliability of electrical systems depends on the quality and availability of the power apparatus. Power transformers are important nodes in the electrical power grid. Common reasons for breakdown are problems in the insulation system. Detecting partial discharge in the insulation system of a power transformer at an early stage reduces the risk of total breakdown of power apparatus. One method to detect partial discharge is the acoustic measurement. With this technique a detection and localization of partial discharge is possible by placing acoustic sensors on the surface of the transformer tank. The low level of electrical interferences from outside the measurement setup constitutes one of the strengths of this method. A further advantage is the ability of identifying the position of the partial discharge source, which is needed to estimate the risk and to enable a fast and effective repair.
Identifying active surface phases for metal oxide electrocatalysts: a study of manganese oxide bi-functional catalysts for oxygen reduction and water oxidation catalysis (2012)

Progress in the field of electrocatalysis is often hampered by the difficulty in identifying the active site on an electrode surface. Herein we combine theoretical analysis and electrochemical methods to identify the active surfaces in a manganese oxide bi-functional catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). First, we electrochemically characterize the nanostructured α-Mn(2)O(3) and find that it undergoes oxidation in two potential regions: initially, between 0.5 V and 0.8 V, a potential region relevant to the ORR and, subsequently, between 0.8 V and 1.0 V, a potential region between the ORR and the OER relevant conditions. Next, we perform density function theory (DFT) calculations to understand the changes in the MnO(x) surface as a function of potential and to elucidate reaction mechanisms that lead to high activities observed in the experiments. Using DFT, we construct surface Pourbaix and free energy diagrams of three different MnO(x) surfaces and identify 1/2 ML HO* covered Mn(2)O(3) and O* covered MnO(2), as the active surfaces for the ORR and the OER, respectively. Additionally, we find that the ORR occurs through an associative mechanism and that its overpotential is highly dependent on the stabilization of intermediates through hydrogen bonds with water molecules. We also determine that OER occurs through direct recombination mechanism and that its major source of overpotential is the scaling relationship between HOO* and HO* surface intermediates. Using a previously developed Sabatier model we show that the theoretical predictions of catalytic activities match the experimentally determined onset potentials for the ORR and the OER, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Consequently, the combination of first-principles theoretical analysis and experimental methods offers an understanding of manganese oxide oxygen electrocatalysis at the atomic level, achieving fundamental insight that can potentially be used to design and develop improved electrocatalysts for the ORR and the OER and other important reactions of technological interest.
Abstract 3674: Active Wnt Signaling in Cardiac Response to Injury (2009)

Objectives. After myocardial infarction (MI), injured myocardium is replaced by scar tissue leading to cardiac remodeling. Endogenous repair in vivo via activation of resident cardiac progenitor ce...
Ciprofloxacin in Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Liposomes: Efficacy in Rat Models of Acute or Chronic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection (2002)

In a previous study in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, the therapeutic potential of ciprofloxacin was significantly improved by encapsulation in polyethylene glycol-coated ("pegylated") long-circulating (STEALTH) liposomes. Pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin in high doses was nontoxic and resulted in relatively high and sustained ciprofloxacin concentrations in blood and tissues, and hence an increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). These data correspond to data from animal and clinical studies showing that for fluoroquinolones the AUC/MIC ratio is associated with favorable outcome in serious infections. Clinical failures and the development of resistance are observed for marginally susceptible organisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for which sufficient AUC/MIC ratios cannot be achieved. In the present study the therapeutic efficacy of pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin was investigated in two rat models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. In the acute model pneumonia developed progressively, resulting in a rapid onset of septicemia and a high mortality rate. Ciprofloxacin twice daily for 7 days was not effective at doses at or below the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). However, pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin either at high dosage or given at low dosage in combination with free ciprofloxacin on the first day of treatment was fully effective (100% survival). Obviously, prolonged concentrations of ciprofloxacin in blood prevented death of the animals due to early-stage septicemia in this acute infection. However, bacterial eradication from the left lung was not effected. In the chronic model, pneumonia was characterized by bacterial persistence in the lung without bacteremia, and no signs of morbidity or mortality were observed. Ciprofloxacin administered for 7 days at the MTD twice daily resulted in killing of more than 99% of bacteria in the lung; this result can also be achieved with pegylated liposomal ciprofloxacin given once daily. Complete bacterial eradication is never observed.
Polarization and angular dependent transmissions on transferred nanomembrane Fano filters (2009)

We report angular and polarization dependent transmission properties of Fano resonance optical filters with transferred silicon nanomembrane on glass substrate. The transmission spectra of the filters can have either weak or strong polarization and angular dependence, depending on properties of individual Fano resonance modal dispersion. Measurement results agree very well with simulations based on a rigorous coupled-wave analysis for the transmission spectra, on planewave expansion wave-vector technique for the dispersion property analysis, and on a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique for the propagating modal study. These results will provide importance guidance for the design of a new class of ultra-compact surface-normal frequency selective components with preferred polarization and angular properties. These components are highly desirable for silicon photonic integration.
Measles- Rubella Campaign (2017)

As part of WHO-SEAR resolution, India has resolved to eliminate Measles and control Rubella / CRS by the end of 2020.   Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. An estimated 49,200 children die from measles annually in India, which contributes 36% of death. Measles can be prevented by immunizing children with 2 doses of measles vaccine which is safe and effective. Rubella is an infectious disease which is mild viral illness affecting both children and adults that can cause death and disabilities in the new born, if an unprotected pregnant women gets infected with Rubella virus in early pregnancy. Rubella virus has the potential to cause abortions, still births and severe birth defects known as CRS (Congenital Rubella Syndrome). This CRS is a huge burden to the society (Nearly 30,000 estimated CRS cases in the country per year).
Applications of Replicating-Competent Reporter-Expressing Viruses in Diagnostic and Molecular Virology (2016)

Commonly used tests based on wild-type viruses, such as immunostaining, cannot meet the demands for rapid detection of viral replication, high-throughput screening for antivirals, as well as for tracking viral proteins or virus transport in real time. Notably, the development of replicating-competent reporter-expressing viruses (RCREVs) has provided an excellent option to detect directly viral replication without the use of secondary labeling, which represents a significant advance in virology. This article reviews the applications of RCREVs in diagnostic and molecular virology, including rapid neutralization tests, high-throughput screening systems, identification of viral receptors and virus-host interactions, dynamics of viral infections in vitro and in vivo, vaccination approaches and others. However, there remain various challenges associated with RCREVs, including pathogenicity alterations due to the insertion of a reporter gene, instability or loss of the reporter gene expression, or attenuation of reporter signals in vivo. Despite all these limitations, RCREVs have become powerful tools for both basic and applied virology with the development of new technologies for generating RCREVs, the inventions of novel reporters and the better understanding of regulation of viral replication.
Micromotor grating optical switch (1995)

We describe polysilicon micromotors with diffraction gratings fabricated on the polished surface of the polysilicon rotor for optical switching applications. The motors have rotor diameters of 0.5–2 mm with grating elements having periods of 1.80 and 3.86 μm. These microswitches have rise times of 300 μs and settling times of 500 μs when driven by a 65-V switching pulse. The diffractive nature of the optical elements allows for multiple optical outputs from a single input beam. Both static and dynamic optical properties of the gratings are tested with a He–Ne laser at 633 nm.
Modeling and Parameter Identification of a Jet-loop Bioreactor (2007)

A novel circulating jet-loop membrane bioreactor adapted to high organic matter oxidation has been designed and constructed. Although jet loop bioreactors are still very new to wastewater treatment companies, their advantages over conventional treatment systems make these technologies beneficial, more affordable and consequently, commercially feasible. Since these reactors are capable of treating high organic loads, leachate, which has very complex wastewater characteristics, was used as the input. The focus of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the jet loop bioreactor in which a near optimal environment is aimed for microorganisms to grow, multiply, and breakdown the high organic content into desired products. Controlling the jet loop bioreactor to achieve high rates of purification possible depends on maintaining the appropriate loadings and operating conditions. This requires collecting various system data to estimate the dynamics of the system satisfactorily with the aim of keeping certain parameters within the specified range. The mathematical model developed for dynamic modeling consists of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of the cell growth rate and substrate consumption. The differential transform method based solution of the state equations conveniently reveals the current state of the process so that any change in the system parameters can be immediately detected and regulated. The solution also makes the automatic adjustment of the aeration on-off time possible leading to process efficiency and energy save.
Organic Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors of a Soluble Anthradithiophene (2008)

We present the first characterization of single-crystal devices of a new solution processable material that we have previously demonstrated achieves technologically relevant performance in the polycrystalline thin film state. Our studies include growth and investigation of structural, as well as electronic properties of single crystals of 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TESADT). Field-effect transistors fabricated on the surface of diF-TESADT single crystals exhibit excellent electronic properties: mobility as high as 6 cm2/Vs, large current on/off ratios (Ion/Ioff = 1 × 108), small subthreshold slopes (S = 1 V/dec), and extremely small hysteresis in the current−voltage characteristics. These properties, coupled with solution processability, make diF-TESADT attractive for electronic applications and demonstrate the technological potential of soluble oligomers.
Angular distribution of molecular beams from modified Knudsen cells for molecular-beam epitaxy (1978)

The molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) method is an important tool which can provide new and different types of semiconductor films. The effusion ovens used in MBE studies were not an ideal Knudsen-type design that had employed small orifices. We have measured the beam intensity distribution of an effusion oven that had 240 small channels. Applying the theory of Clausing, who derived the angular distribution from a small hole of radius r and length L, and using the superposition principle, we have compared the calculation with experimental data and found good agreement. Intensity distributions from an oven with a single large opening are also measured. This geometry cannot be calculated but actually provides a useful method of collimating molecular beams.
COVID-19, TERHADAP EKSISTENSI PELAKU USAHA (2020)

This research has the aim to find and analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the existence of businesses in East Java. The research method in this study uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data sources are more focused on secondary data sources derived from the results of research as well as sources of reference literature in accordance with the discussion with the research conducted. The time interval for conducting research was conducted from April to June 2020. Data collection techniques used were documentation techniques. The results showed that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic was grouped into 2 parts. First, Covid-19 Pandemic is one of the biggest factors that has an impact on business actors, especially those who depend their lives through direct meetings with consumers / buyers. Second, business categories constrained by the Covid-19 pandemic include MSMEs, hospitality and tourism, restaurants, shopping centers, transportation and property sectors. Third, business categories that increased during the Covid-19 pandemic include the health sector (masks, hand sanitizers, disinfectants, face shields, medicines, vitamins, etc.), food delivery and logistics, Information Technology, food processing and, retail. Fourth, business actors in the business category are constrained due to the Covid-19 pandemic can move to businesses that fall into the increased business category by utilizing available online business platforms or marketplaces.
Isolation of a cell-detaching factor of Trichomonas vaginalis (1989)

The pathogenetic role of soluble products of Trichomonas vaginalis growth in culture is controversial. To evaluate this role, T. vaginalis was grown in broth and cell culture and the cell-free filtrate was applied to fresh cell culture monolayers. When adjusted to pH 6.5, filtrates obtained from 22-h culture growth totally disrupted McCoy, HEp-2, human foreskin fibroblast, and Chinese hamster ovary cell monolayers within 6 h. These detached cells remained greater than 90% viable. This cell-detaching factor (CDF) was heat and acid labile, with a pH optimum of 6.5. CDF has trypsinlike activity which disrupts monolayer cells, but cells do not die if the pH is controlled. CDF was purified by ethanol precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and ion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography. A 200,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein which was also immunogenic by immunoblot with human sera reactive to T. vaginalis was isolated in this manner. This confirms the presence of a specific soluble CDF derived from T. vaginalis whose application may be important as a diagnostic tool and in further studies of pathogenesis.
Use of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> BP3385 To Establish a Cutoff Value for an IS <i>481</i> -Targeted Real-Time PCR Assay (2008)

This study utilized the Bordetella pertussis single-copy PCR target BP3385 as a means of confirming IS481 PCR-positive reactions with cycle threshold (C(T)) values of >35. IS481 PCRs with C(T) values of >35 cycles may represent PCR conditions where there is <1 CFU of B. pertussis per PCR.
Changes in Carbon Fixation, Tuberization, and Growth Induced by CO <sub>2</sub> Applications to the Root Zone of Potato Plants (1979)

The root systems of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Russet Burbank) treated with CO(2) for 12 hours showed an increase in dry matter as early as 2 days after the treatment. When treated plants were allowed to grow for 3 to 6 weeks there was a substantial increase in tuberization. In addition, there was an increase in stolon length, number of tubers per stolon, and overall dry weight after the enrichment of the root zone with CO(2). Plants treated with CO(2) showed higher concentrations of malic and citric acids and of the cations Mg(2+) and Ca(2+). The effect of CO(2) was more dramatic when CO(2) was applied to the root zone than when it was applied to the shoots.
Ambientes de Aprendizagem Geométrica nos anos iniciais (p.23-34) (2016)

O presente trabalho e resultante do Projeto de Ensino “Ambientes de aprendizagem nos anos iniciais e as possibilidades da construcao do conhecimento matematico” desenvolvido com estudantes de Pedagogia. Esse estudo foi pensado a partir da observacao da ausencia de atividades investigativas nas producoes academicas dos pedagogos em formacao com o objetivo de ocupar uma parte do espaco de reflexao da instituicao sobre a formacao matematica critica para a docencia e engajar um grupo de alunos na pesquisa cientifica. Com amparo teorico dialogico-critico procurou-se refletir sobre a educacao matematica significativa com reflexao critica do que se ensina, como e para que se ensina. O estudo foca os ambientes de aprendizagem que podem ser favorecidos por atividades de geometria presentes em livros didaticos dos anos iniciais. Para responder a questao “Que atividades geometricas sao contempladas em livros didaticos do 3o ano e que tipos de ambientes de aprendizagem elas podem oportunizar?”, desenvolvemos uma investigacao bibliografica, na qual os envolvidos analisaram livros didaticos do 3o. ano do Ensino Fundamental e programas curriculares oficiais. As atividades selecionadas foram classificadas e agrupadas segundo os ambientes de aprendizagem sugeridos pela matriz de Skovsmose e de acordo com os descritores e habilidades presentes em curriculos vigentes. Os resultados estao apresentados em tabela e, mais do que evidenciar os tipos de atividades geometricas presentes nos livros e classifica-las segundos seus descritores, indicam uma mudanca de postura pedagogica dos envolvidos no estudo.
Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and their Applications (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Applications Conclusions Acknowledgement
Subgraph isomorphism in planar graphs and related problems (1995)

We solve the subgraph isomorphism problem in planar graphs in linear time, for any pattern of constant size. Our results are based on a technique of partitioning the planar graph into pieces of small tree-width, and applying dynamic programming within each piece. The same methods can be used to solve other planar graph problems including connectivity, diameter, girth, induced subgraph isomorphism, and shortest paths.