gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soliton propagation in long fibers with periodically compensated loss (1985)

Both experimentally and with computer simulation, we study soliton propagation in an all-optical long-distance communications system where fiber loss is periodically compensated by Raman gain. We find that the fidelity of soliton transmission is a function of the ratio L/z 0 , where L and z 0 are the amplification and soliton periods, respectively: pulse distortion shows a peak near z 0 = L /8, whereas the soliton is well preserved everywhere for z 0 ≪ L /8. Finally, for z 0 ≫ L /8, although not preserved everywhere, the soliton is recovered periodically with the pulse energy. We also describe optimal system design based on the exceptional pulse stability and low soliton powers to be had in the region z 0 ≫ L /8. Typical amplification periods are in the 30–50-km range, pump powers are <100 mW, and for bit rates in the 10-GHz range, time average signal powers are at most a few milliwatts. The single-channel rate-length product for error rate <10 −9 is ~29,000 GHz/km. Finally, we show that in the gain-compensated system with wavelength multiplexing, soliton-soliton collisions produce random modulation of individual pulse velocities. Nevertheless, multiplexing can yield rate-length products >300,000 GHz/ km.
The BRC repeats in BRCA2 are critical for RAD51 binding and resistance to methyl methanesulfonate treatment (1998)

The BRCA2 gene was identified based on its involvement in familial breast cancer. The analysis of its sequence predicts that the gene encodes a protein with 3,418 amino acids but provides very few clues pointing to its biological function. In an attempt to address this question, specific antibodies were prepared that identified the gene product of BRCA2 as a 390-kDa nuclear protein. Furthermore, direct binding of human RAD51 to each of the four single 30-amino acid BRC repeats located at the 5' portion of exon 11 of BRCA2 was demonstrated. Such an interaction is significant, as BRCA2 and RAD51 can be reciprocally coimmunoprecipitated by each of the individual, specific antibodies and form complexes in vivo. Inferring from the function of RAD51 in DNA repair, human pancreatic cancer cells, Capan-1, expressing truncated BRCA2 were shown to be hypersensitive to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatment. Exogenous expression of wild-type BRCA2, but not BRC-deleted mutants, in Capan-1 cells confers resistance to MMS treatment. These results suggest that the interaction between the BRC repeats of BRCA2 and RAD51 is critical for cellular response to DNA damage caused by MMS.
Pan-sharpening with multi-scale wavelet dictionary (2012)

In satellite image processing, pan-sharpening is the fusion process in which a low resolution (LR) multi-spectral (MS) image is sharpened using the corresponding high resolution (HR) panchromatic (Pan) image to obtain a HR MS image. In this paper we propose a novel pan-sharpening method which combines the ideas of classical wavelet-based pan-sharpening with recently developed dictionary learning (DL) methods. The HR MS image is generated using wavelet-based pan-sharpening, regulated by promoting sparsity with respect to a dictionary. The dictionary is obtained using DL on the multi-scale wavelet tree vectors of the image to be pan-sharpened. A significant advantage of our approach compared to most DL-based approaches is that it does not require a large database of images on which to train the dictionary. Experiments on degraded satellite images demonstrate that our method significantly reduces color distortions and wavelet artifacts compared to the state of the art.
A Combined Scheme for Identification and Robust Torque Control of Hydraulic Actuators (2003)

This paper presents a combined scheme of identification and robust torque control for rotary hydraulic actuators. The composite controller consists of a dynamic feedback linearizing inner loop cascaded with an optimal l1-H∞ feedback outer loop. The proposed controller allows the actuator to generate desired torque irrespective of the actuator motion. In fact, the controller reduces significantly the impedance of the actuator as seen by its external load, making the system an ideal source of torque suitable for many robotics and automation applications. The stability analysis of internal unobservable dynamics is presented. An identification method to extract the parameters of nonlinear model of actuator dynamics and to estimate a bound for modeling uncertainty, used for synthesis of the outer optimal controller, is also presented. The theoretical results of the paper are illustrated experimentally on pitch actuator of the Schilling industrial robot.
Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Polymers for High Efficiency, Environmentally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

Over the past five years, a rapid progress in organometal‐halide perovskite solar cells has greatly influenced emerging solar energy science and technology. In perovksite solar cells, the overlying hole transporting material (HTM) is critical for achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and for protecting the air‐sensitive perovskite active layer. This study reports the synthesis and implementation of a new polymeric HTM series based on semiconducting 4,8‐dithien‐2‐yl‐benzo[1,2‐ d ;4,5‐ d ′]bistriazole‐ alt ‐benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]dithiophenes (pBBTa‐BDTs), yielding high PCEs and environmentally‐stable perovskite cells. These intrinsic (dopant‐free) HTMs achieve a stabilized PCE of 12.3% in simple planar heterojunction cells—the highest value to date for a polymeric intrinsic HTM. This high performance is attributed to efficient hole extraction/collection (the most efficient pBBTa‐BDT is highly ordered and orients π‐face‐down on the perovskite surface) and balanced electron/hole transport. The smooth, conformal polymer coatings suppress aerobic perovskite film degradation, significantly enhancing the solar cell 85 °C/65% RH PCE stability versus typical molecular HTMs.
New biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. (2012)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease affecting around 1% of the population. Although major advances have been made in the treatment of RA, still relatively little is known on disease pathogenesis and aetiology. From treatment studies it has become clear that treating patients early in their disease course will provide the best results. However, especially in the early phase of arthritis, in particular when the patients do not yet fulfil the criteria for RA, it is difficult to decide which patients would benefit most from an early and aggressive intervention. Good biomarkers are important to guide decisions in the clinical management of RA. Next to the well-known rheumatoid factor (RF) and the anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), several new markers are now likely to become available with interesting potential. Besides antibody responses directed against citrullinated proteins, also antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP) have recently been shown to be present in RA. Interestingly these anti-CarP antibodies are also present in around 20% of the ACPA-negative RA patients and are associated with more severe joint damage in this group. Apart from the antibodies that help in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis, also novel biomarkers that reflect clinical disease activity scores are being discovered. The development of biomarker-based disease activity scores might allow easy and frequent monitoring of patients to rapidly adjust treatment.
Recent Progress in the Field of &#946;-(1,3)-Glucans and New Applications (2006)

Beta-(1,3)-glucans are widely distributed within microorganisms or seaweeds in which they act as membrane components or for energy storage, respectively. Since these glucans are not biosynthesized by mammals, they are likely to activate the immune system of their host. Since the discovery of their positive involvement as immunomodulator agents, numerous studies were published all around the glycosciences. These works deal with purification procedures, analytical chemistry, synthetic processes, chemical modification of the natural polysaccharides, determination of their physicochemical properties, and assessment of their biological and medicinal effects through in vitro and in vivo studies. This article aims at presenting some recent results linked to beta-(1,3)-glucans through two closely connected points of view, i.e. biology and chemistry. Biological aspects will be focused more particularly on discovery of some receptors present on immunocompetent cells and scope and limitations of chemical synthesis and/or modifications will be described. Moreover, this paper will also introduce some new chemo-enzymatic synthetic methods using wild-type or mutant glycosidases and will be extended to novel opportunities of applications of beta-(1,3)-glucans in nanotechnology resulting from a better understanding of their self-assembling propensity in aqueous media.
Fast Concurrent Data Sketches (2019)

Data sketches are approximate succinct summaries of long streams. They are widely used for processing massive amounts of data and answering statistical queries about it in real-time. Existing libraries producing sketches are very fast, but do not allow parallelism for creating sketches using multiple threads or querying them while they are being built. We present a generic approach to parallelising data sketches efficiently, while bounding the error that such parallelism introduces. Utilising relaxed semantics and the notion of strong linearisability we prove our algorithm's correctness and analyse the error it induces in two specific sketches. Our implementation achieves high scalability while keeping the error small.
An adaptive load balancing scheme for web servers (2002)

Abstract This paper describes an overload control scheme for web servers which integrates admission control and load balancing. The admission control mechanism adaptively determines the client request acceptance rate to meet the web servers' performance requirements while the load balancing or client request distribution mechanism determines the fraction of requests to be assigned to each web server. The scheme requires no prior knowledge of the relative speeds of the web servers, nor the work required to process each incoming request. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong Bragg gratings in chalcogenide glass waveguides (2000)

Summary form only given. Recently, chalcogenide glasses have generated much interest because of Kerr nonlinearities, which can be up to 600 times higher than in silica glass at the 1.55-/spl mu/m communication wavelength. Possible applications include low peak power, ultrafast all-optical switching using waveguide lengths of only a few centimeters embedded in a photonic circuit. Bragg gratings take an important place among the useful integrated components. They can be used as wavelength selective elements in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks or as dispersion-compensating elements. We present novel technique for fabricating strong Bragg gratings in chalcogenide glass waveguides.
Watermarking video content using visual cryptography and scene averaged image (2010)

With the increasing convergence of network, services, and devices, more number of end user devices are accessing digital media content which were hitherto accessible mainly from computers and television sets. This makes the digital media more prone to illegal copying and distribution. In this paper, we propose a robust digital video watermarking scheme for copyright protection using the principles of visual cryptography, scene change detection in videos, and conversion of each scene into an image by averaging the frames in the scene. In the proposed method, data is extracted and stored as one share of the watermark pattern instead of embedding data into the original video as in the conventional watermarking schemes. Since no data is embedded, the method is robust against watermark attacks aimed at detecting and destroying or distorting data embedded into videos. Simulation results show that the method is robust even in the case of 50% frame drop. All the watermarked scenes, not frames, need to be dropped for an effective attack against the watermark. Dropping of scenes makes the video less attractive for illegal copying and distribution.
Topical Tretinoin (Retinoic Acid) Therapy for Hyperpigmented Lesions Caused by Inflammation of the Skin in Black Patients (1993)

Topical application of tretinoin significantly lightens post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and, to a clinically minimal but statistically significant degree, lightens normal skin in black persons.
A Hybrid Approach to Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning (2018)

Federated learning facilitates the collaborative training of models without the sharing of raw data. However, recent attacks demonstrate that simply maintaining data locality during training processes does not provide sufficient privacy guarantees. Rather, we need a federated learning system capable of preventing inference over both the messages exchanged during training and the final trained model while ensuring the resulting model also has acceptable predictive accuracy. Existing federated learning approaches either use secure multiparty computation (SMC) which is vulnerable to inference or differential privacy which can lead to low accuracy given a large number of parties with relatively small amounts of data each. In this paper, we present an alternative approach that utilizes both differential privacy and SMC to balance these trade-offs. Combining differential privacy with secure multiparty computation enables us to reduce the growth of noise injection as the number of parties increases without sacrificing privacy while maintaining a pre-defined rate of trust. Our system is therefore a scalable approach that protects against inference threats and produces models with high accuracy. Additionally, our system can be used to train a variety of machine learning models, which we validate with experimental results on 3 different machine learning algorithms. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach out-performs state of the art solutions.
A compact cryosurgical apparatus for minimally invasive procedures. (1997)

A new liquid-nitrogen-based apparatus for minimally invasive cryosurgery is presented. The cryoprobe was designed for application to breast tumors; however, it can be used for the treatment of other tumors. The cryoprobe has three major components, a cryoneedle, a thermal insulation shell, and a protective tube, which may be assembled as part of the operation. This special assembly keeps destruction to surrounding tissues due to cryoprobe penetration minimal, and allows accurate localization of the cryoprobe tip by means of stereotactic or needle-localization techniques. An alternative cryoprobe consists of a cryoneedle and a thermal insulation shell, which are rigidly connected. The liquid nitrogen supply system has two major components, an air-pressure source and a liquid nitrogen container, which are physically separated. This special configuration allows placement of the liquid nitrogen container adjacent to the cryotreated tissue and decreases the length of the cryoprobe feeding tube. In turn, heat losses to the surroundings are reduced, and therefore coolant consumption is reduced. The short feeding tube allows safe operation at low pressures. The small size of the apparatus makes it attractive for cryosurgical operations. It has been evaluated in gelatin solutions and in porcine skeletal muscle and liver. In-vivo results do not differ significantly from those obtained in gelatin solutions with regard to the dimensions of frozen regions. Using a three cryoprobe configuration, a frozen region with an average diameter of 50 mm and a length of 75 mm was obtained within 11 minutes. The thermal efficiency of that procedure was found to be 43%.
The emoti-chair (2010)

In this abstract, we present the Emoti-Chair, a sensory substitution system that brings a high resolution audio-tactile version of music to the body. The system can be used to improve music accessibility for deaf or hard of hearing people, while offering everyone the chance to experience sounds as tactile sensations. The model human cochlea (MHC) is the sensory substitution system that drives the Emoti-Chair. Music can be experienced as a tactile modality, revealing vibrations that originate from different instruments and sounds spanning the audio frequency spectrum along multiple points of the body. The system uses eight separate audio-tactile channels to deliver sound to the body, and provides an opportunity to experience a broad range of musical elements as physical vibrations.
Tunneling phenomena in carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (2008)

Abstract In the present article we will discuss the electronic trans‐ port properties of carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNFETs). Three different device concepts will be studied in more detail: Schottky‐barrier CNFETs with metallic source and drain contacts, conventional‐type CNFETs with doped nanotube segments as source and drain electrodes and finally a new concept, the tunneling CNFET. As it turns out, tunneling phenomena play a prominent role in all three CNFET designs and determine their electrical behavior to a large extend. In addition, the one‐dimensionality of the electronic transport makes them ideally suited for novel device architecture such as the tunneling CNFET. Analytical as well as simulation results will be given and compared with each other and with experimental data in order to explain the different influences on the electronic transport in CNFETs and thus on the device behavior. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Disruption of the CCL5/RANTES-CCR5 Pathway Restores Immune Homeostasis and Reduces Plasma Viral Load in Critical COVID-19 (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now pandemic with nearly three million cases reported to date. Although the majority of COVID-19 patients experience only mild or moderate symptoms, a subset will progress to severe disease with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation. Emerging results indicate a dysregulated immune response characterized by runaway inflammation, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), as the major driver of pathology in severe COVID-19. With no treatments currently approved for COVID-19, therapeutics to prevent or treat the excessive inflammation in severe disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed. Here, in 10 terminally-ill, critical COVID-19 patients we report profound elevation of plasma IL-6 and CCL5 (RANTES), decreased CD8+ T cell levels, and SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia. Following compassionate care treatment with the CCR5 blocking antibody leronlimab, we observed complete CCR5 receptor occupancy on macrophage and T cells, rapid reduction of plasma IL-6, restoration of the CD4/CD8 ratio, and a significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia. Consistent with reduction of plasma IL-6, single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed declines in transcriptomic myeloid cell clusters expressing IL-6 and interferon-related genes. These results demonstrate a novel approach to resolving unchecked inflammation, restoring immunologic deficiencies, and reducing SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load via disruption of the CCL5-CCR5 axis, and support randomized clinical trials to assess clinical efficacy of leronlimab-mediated inhibition of CCR5 for COVID-19.
Mixer Residual Phase Noise Measurements Using Clock-locked DDS Sources and Receivers (2022)

Methods for residual measurements on mixers are difficult and require at least one other mixer making it difficult to separate the residual effects between them. Here we introduce a novel scheme that uses a system completely clocked off a single reference oscillator using pairs of DDS sources to produce an input and LO signal as well as a third DDS source to re-convert the mixer output We show the close-in phase noise is largely canceled with this method resulting in a good measure of the mixer residual phase noise somewhat independent of the raw phase noise of the DDS sources. This improvement can also be shown for close-in residual measurements of amplifiers.
Denoising Two-Photon Calcium Imaging Data (2011)

Two-photon calcium imaging is now an important tool for in vivo imaging of biological systems. By enabling neuronal population imaging with subcellular resolution, this modality offers an approach for gaining a fundamental understanding of brain anatomy and physiology. Proper analysis of calcium imaging data requires denoising, that is separating the signal from complex physiological noise. To analyze two-photon brain imaging data, we present a signal plus colored noise model in which the signal is represented as harmonic regression and the correlated noise is represented as an order autoregressive process. We provide an efficient cyclic descent algorithm to compute approximate maximum likelihood parameter estimates by combing a weighted least-squares procedure with the Burg algorithm. We use Akaike information criterion to guide selection of the harmonic regression and the autoregressive model orders. Our flexible yet parsimonious modeling approach reliably separates stimulus-evoked fluorescence response from background activity and noise, assesses goodness of fit, and estimates confidence intervals and signal-to-noise ratio. This refined separation leads to appreciably enhanced image contrast for individual cells including clear delineation of subcellular details and network activity. The application of our approach to in vivo imaging data recorded in the ferret primary visual cortex demonstrates that our method yields substantially denoised signal estimates. We also provide a general Volterra series framework for deriving this and other signal plus correlated noise models for imaging. This approach to analyzing two-photon calcium imaging data may be readily adapted to other computational biology problems which apply correlated noise models.
FPM 21.3 NTSC TV RECEIVER PERFORMANCE WITH UPPER ADJACENT CHANNEL ATV INTERFERENCE (1996)

Interference effects into NTSC TV receivers in the presence of strong upper adjacent channel ATV signals are examined as affecting picture, chroma, and sound performance. The receiver’s adjacent channel response determines the magnitude of the exhibited interference.
Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Microgram Quantities of Chlorophyll by Developing Chloroplasts <i>in Vitro</i> (1973)

Developing chloroplasts were incubated under conditions previously shown to induce protochlorophyll and chlorophyll biosynthesis, as well as chloroplast maintenance and partial differentiation in vitro. In the presence of air, delta-aminolevulinic acid, coenzyme A, glutathione, potassium phosphate, methyl alcohol, magnesium, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and adenosine triphosphate, microgram quantities of chlorophyll accumulated after 1 hour of incubation. Part of the chlorophyll was not extractable in organic solvents; it is referred to as bound chlorophyll. The amount of bound chlorophyll depended on the degree of cotyledon greening at the time of plastid isolation. Etioplasts with or without a lag phase of chlorophyll biosynthesis synthesized nonphototransformable protochlorophyll and smaller amounts of extractable chlorophyll. As the greening of excised cotyledons progressed, more of the chlorophyll became bound before and after in vitro incubation. It is suggested that this increase in the fraction of bound chlorophyll reflects the biosynthesis of membrane-bound chlorophyll receptor sites. In the absence of cofactors, chlorophyll biosynthesis was blocked and porphyrins accumulated, indicating damage of the chlorophyll biosynthetic chain. It is concluded that chlorophyll accumulation constitutes a potentially convenient tool for the study of thylakoid membrane biogenesis in vitro.