gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel: a hope for advanced non-small cell lung cancer? (1999)

Recent studies have shown that paclitaxel (Taxol); Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, NJ) is an active agent in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Early trials in patients with advanced NSCLC utilised a 24 h infusion schedule and reported objective tumour responses in 21 - 24% of patients. Shorter infusion schedules have equivalent efficacy, and combined results from 14 separate trials of single agent paclitaxel in advanced NSCLC show an overall tumour response rate of 26%. Alternative schedules of paclitaxel from the traditional regimen every three weeks are under active investigation, but it is premature to assess whether these will yield improved efficacy for patients with advanced NSCLC. A single multicentre randomised trial of paclitaxel versus best supportive care in advanced NSCLC showed a significant survival advantage for the chemotherapy arm. Two large randomised Phase III trials have shown that paclitaxel and cisplatin is modestly more effective than cisplatin and podophyllotoxin combinations. The addition of cisplatin or carboplatin to paclitaxel results in higher response rates than for each of the drugs as single agents, but it is unclear whether the combinations yield superior survival or quality of life compared to single agent paclitaxel, or to other paclitaxel-containing regimens.
One‐Dimensional <scp>SDS</scp> Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins (2006)

Electrophoresis is used to separate complex mixtures of proteins (e.g., from cells, subcellular fractions, column fractions, or immunoprecipitates), to investigate subunit compositions, and to verify homogeneity of protein samples. It can also serve to purify proteins for use in further applications. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins migrate in response to an electrical field through pores in a polyacrylamide gel matrix; pore size decreases with increasing acrylamide concentration. The combination of pore size and protein charge, size, and shape determines the migration rate of the protein. In this unit, the standard Laemmli method is described for discontinuous gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, that is, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Both full-size and minigel formats are detailed. Several modifications are provided for specific applications. For separation of peptides and small proteins, the standard buffers are replaced with either a Tris-tricine buffer system or a modified Tris buffer in the absence of urea. Continuous SDS-PAGE is a simplified method in which the same buffer is used for both the gel and electrode solutions and the stacking gel is omitted. Other protocols cover the preparation and use of ultrathin gels and gradient gels, and the simultaneous preparation of multiple gels.
REPRESENTATIONS OF FINITE GROUPS (1991)

By H. Nagao and Y. Tsushima: 424 pp., US $70.00, ISBN 0 125 13660 9 (Academic Press, 1989.)
Detection of Loitering Individuals in Public Transportation Areas (2005)

This paper presents a vision-based method to automatically detect individuals loitering about inner-city bus stops. Using a stationary camera view of a bus stop, pedestrians are segmented and tracked throughout the scene. The system takes snapshots of individuals when a clean, nonobstructed view of a pedestrian is found. The snapshots are then used to classify the individual images into a database, using an appearance-based method. The features used to correlate individual images are based on short-term biometrics, which are changeable but stay valid for short periods of time; this system uses clothing color. A linear discriminant method is applied to the color information to enhance the differences and minimize similarities between the different individuals in the feature space. To determine if a given individual is loitering, time stamps collected with the snapshots in their corresponding database class can be used to judge how long an individual has been present. An experiment was performed using a 30-min video of a busy bus stop with six individuals loitering about it. Results show that the system successfully classifies images of all six individuals as loitering.
A survey of object-oriented methodologies (1995)

Article Free Access Share on A survey of object-oriented methodologies Authors: John A. Hamilton Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NYView Profile , Udo W. Pooch Dept. of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Dept. of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims TRI-Ada '95: Proceedings of the conference on TRI-Ada '95: Ada's role in global markets: solutions for a changing complex worldNovember 1995 Pages 226–234https://doi.org/10.1145/376503.376576Published:01 November 1995Publication History 2citation897DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads897Last 12 Months28Last 6 weeks10 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mouse Estrogen Receptor β Forms Estrogen Response Element-Binding Heterodimers with Estrogen Receptor α (1997)

The recent discovery that an additional estrogen receptor subtype is present in various rat tissues has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying estrogen signaling. Here we report on the cloning of the cDNA encoding the mouse homolog of estrogen receptor-beta (ER beta) and the functional characterization of mouse ER beta protein. ER beta is shown to have overlapping DNA-binding specificity with that of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) and activates transcription of reporter gene constructs containing estrogen-response elements in transient transfections in response to estradiol. Using a mammalian two-hybrid system, the formation of heterodimers of the ER beta and ER alpha subtypes was demonstrated. Furthermore, ER beta and ER alpha form heterodimeric complexes with retained DNA-binding ability and specificity in vitro. In addition, DNA binding by the ER beta/ER alpha heterodimer appears to be dependent on both subtype proteins. Taken together these results suggest the existence of two previously unrecognized pathways of estrogen signaling; I, via ER beta in cells exclusively expressing this subtype, and II, via the formation of heterodimers in cells expressing both receptor subtypes.
Analyzing Stack Flows to Compare Java Programs (2012)

This paper presents a method for comparing and detecting clones of Java programs by analyzing program stack flows. A stack flow denotes an operational behavior of a program by describing individual instructions and stack movements for performing specific operations. We analyze stack flows by simulating the operand stack movements during execution of a Java program. Two programs for detection of clones of Java programs are compared by matching similar pairs of stack flows in the programs. Experiments were performed on the proposed method and compared with the earlier approaches of comparing Java programs, the Tamada, k-gram, and stack pattern based methods. Their performance was evaluated with real-world Java programs in several categories collected from the Internet. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective than earlier methods of comparing and detecting clones of Java programs.
Representation of motion activity in hierarchical levels for video indexing and filtering (2003)

A method for video indexing and filtering based on motion activity characteristics in hierarchical levels is proposed. To extract motion activity information, an MPEG (MPEG-1/2) video is first adaptively segmented into hierarchical levels with fixed percentage of original video length based on P-frame macroblock motion information. Three motion activity characteristics - motion intensity which represents the degree of change in motion, motion intensity histogram which represents the temporal statistics of motion intensity, and spatial descriptor which represents the spatial attribute of motion, are then computed to represent different levels of video. The descriptors from different levels are used selectively in different steps of video indexing and filtering. Experimental results show the proposed method is fast and effective, and provides a powerful video indexing and filtering tool.
Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-MicrobialActivities of Rosa Indica Collected fromKohat Pakistan (2014)

Objectives: The aim of the research work was to assess out the antimicrobial activity and phytochemicals in medicinal plant, Rosa indica. Methods: For phytochemical screening different reagents were used while antimicrobial i.e. antibacterial and antifungal activities were checked by employing various bacterial and fungal strains, using nutrient agar at 37AƒÂ¢A‚â€”A‚Â¦C and agar tube dilution method, the stock solutions of crude and other three fractions were prepared in DMSO i.e. in 4mg/ 1ml ratio respectively. Results: All solvent soluble fractions of Rosa Indica showed superlative activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis, Pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibia cholera, E. coli, Pneumonia aeruginosa but no activity was recorded against Proteus mirabilis by hexane and chloroform fraction. Similarly the crude extract exhibited complete anti-fungal activity against all fungal strains. Chloroform fraction was active in all fungal strains except Aspergillus fumigatus. The n-hexane fraction was active against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus Niger while n-butanol fractions exhibited best Antifungal activity against all fungal strains except Aspergillus Niger. The Rosa indica show best phytochemical results.
Conclusion: The above mentioned result recommends that Rosa Indica have excellent anti-fungal as well as anti-bacterial properties and can be used for disease management and therapy. Beside this Rosa Indica have also gain important in scientific ethno-botanical studies because of their phyto-chemicals.
Antiyeast Steroidal Saponins from<i>Yucca schidigera</i>(Mohave Yucca), a New Anti-Food-Deteriorating Agent (2000)

A saponin fraction from the stems of Yucca schidigera (Mohave yucca) exhibited potent growth-inhibitory activities against certain food-deteriorating yeasts, film-forming yeasts, and dermatophytic yeasts and fungi. From this fraction, a number of new anti-yeast monodesmosidic spirostanol saponins, named schidigera-saponins A1 (1), A2 (2), A3 (3), B1 (4), C1 (5),C2 (6); 25(R and S) schidigera-saponins D1 (7), D2 (8), E1 (12), F1 (13); and 25(S) schidigera-saponins D3 (9), D4 (10), D5 (11), and F2 (14) were isolated, together with several related known saponins, and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (see Chart 1). The relationship between the antiyeast activities and the structures of these saponins is described.
Higher clearance of micafungin in neonates compared with adults: role of age‐dependent micafungin serum binding (2011)

Micafungin, a new echinocandin antifungal agent, has been used widely for the treatment of various fungal infections in human populations. Micafungin is predominantly cleared by biliary excretion and it binds extensively to plasma proteins. Micafungin body weight-adjusted clearance is higher in neonates than in adults, but the mechanisms underlying this difference are not understood. Previous work had revealed the roles of sinusoidal uptake (Na(+) -taurocholate co-transporting peptide, NTCP; organic anion transporting polypeptide, OATP) as well as canalicular efflux (bile salt export pump, BSEP; breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP) transporters in micafungin hepatobiliary elimination. In the present study, the relative protein expression of hepatic transporters was compared between liver homogenates from neonates and adults. Also, the extent of micafungin binding to serum from neonates and adults was measured in vitro. The results indicate that relative expression levels of NTCP, OATP1B1/3, BSEP, BCRP and MRP3 were similar in neonates and in adults. However, the micafungin fraction unbound (f(u) ) in neonatal serum was about 8-fold higher than in the adult serum (0.033±0.012 versus 0.004±0.001, respectively). While there was no evidence for different intrinsic hepatobiliary clearance of micafungin between neonates and adults, our data suggest that age-dependent serum protein binding of micafungin is responsible for its higher clearance in neonates compared with adults.
Animal models of Alzheimer disease: historical pitfalls and a path forward (2014)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a medically and financially overwhelming condition, and incidence rates are expected to triple by 2050.Despite decades of research in animal models of AD, the disease remains incompletely understood, with few treatment options. This review summarizes historical and current AD research efforts, with emphasis on the disparity between preclinical animal studies and the reality of human disease and how this has impacted clinical trials. Ultimately, we provide a mechanism for shifting the focus of AD research away from animal models to focus primarily on human biology as a means to improve the applicability of research findings to human disease. Implementation of these alternatives may hasten development of improved strategies to prevent, detect, ameliorate, and possibly cure this devastating disease.
Adenovirus-mediated expression of antisense RNA transcripts complementary to pig alpha(1,3) galactosyltransferase mRNA inhibits expression of Gal alpha(1,3) Gal epitope. (2000)

Recombinant adenoviruses, Ad5anti-sGT600 and Ad5anti-sGT1100, are effective to down-regulate the gal epitope expression.
Abstract 4883: Differences in epigenetic patterns of <i>HOX</i> genes in normal lung and Non-small cell lung cancer (2010)

Abstract HOX genes have determinative roles in cell fate during embryogenesis and adult cellular differentiation. Their dysregulation has been implicated in many human cancers. Loss of or de novo expression of the genes by methylation abnormality are also reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we screened the expression profiles of the HOX D genes in normal lung tissues, a bronchial epithelial cell line, 9 NSCLC cell lines and 10 normal-tumor pairs of NSCLC tissues and compared epigenetic patterns of the genes by Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Dual-Specific Bisulfite PCR (DSBP) and ChIP-on-chip assay. We showed frequent cancer specific de novo expression of HOX D9, D11, and D13 genes in NSCLC tissues and cells in contrast to normal lung tissues. In methylation assay, unexpectedly, the genes are frequently hypermethylated in cancerous samples but show low level of methylation in normal tissues. In ChIP-on-chip assay, we observed that normal tissues show repressive or bivalent histone modification pattern characterized by high level of H3K27me3 and low level of H4K20me3 and H4K16ac at the up-stream region of the genes. In contrast, cancer tissues showed permissive or active histone modification patterns at the region characterized by low level of H3K27me3 and high level of H4K20me3 and H4K16ac. The results suggest that normal epigenetic state of the genes in lung tissue could be defined as bivalent histone modification pattern, no DNA methylation and no gene expression. In lung cancer, epigenetic state of the genes are dysregulated to permissive histone modification pattern, DNA hypermethylation and de novo expression of the genes. (This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea. (A084921), This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea. (A062254)) Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4883.
Ginsenoside Rh1 Possesses Antiallergic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities (2004)

<i>Background:</i> Ginseng (the root of <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been reported to possess various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions. In this study, we investigated the antiallergic activity of ginsenosides isolated from ginseng. <i>Method:</i> We isolated ginsenosides by silica gel column chromatograghy and examined their in vitro and in vivo antiallergic effect on rat peritoneal mast cells and on IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in mice. The in vitro<i></i>anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside Rh1 (Rh1) in RAW264.7 cells was investigated. <i>Results:</i> Rh1 potently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and the IgE-mediated PCA reaction in mice. The inhibitory activity of Rh1 (87% inhibition at 25 mg/kg) on the PCA reaction was found to be more potent than that of disodium cromoglycate (31% inhibition at 25 mg/kg); Rh1 was also found to have a membrane-stabilizing action as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. It also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells, and the activation of the transcription factor, NF-ĸB, in nuclear fractions. <i>Conclusion:</i> The antiallergic action of Rh1 may originate from its cell membrane-stabilizing and anti-inflammatory activities, and can improve the inflammation caused by allergies.
EXS: Explainable Search Using Local Model Agnostic Interpretability (2018)

Retrieval models in information retrieval are used to rank documents for typically under-specified queries. Today machine learning is used to learn retrieval models from click logs and/or relevance judgments that maximizes an objective correlated with user satisfaction. As these models become increasingly powerful and sophisticated, they also become harder to understand. Consequently, it is hard for to identify artifacts in training, data specific biases and intents from a complex trained model like neural rankers even if trained purely on text features. EXS is a search system designed specifically to provide its users with insight into the following questions: `What is the intent of the query according to the ranker?', `Why is this document ranked higher than another?' and `Why is this document relevant to the query?'. EXS uses a version of a popular posthoc explanation method for classifiers -- LIME, adapted specifically to answer these questions. We show how such a system can effectively help a user understand the results of neural rankers and highlight areas of improvement.
Cryogenic Colocalization Microscopy for Nanometer‐Distance Measurements (2014)

The main limiting factor in spatial resolution of localization microscopy is the number of detected photons. Recently we showed that cryogenic measurements improve the photostability of fluorophores, giving access to Angstrom precision in localization of single molecules. Here, we extend this method to colocalize two fluorophores attached to well-defined positions of a double-stranded DNA. By measuring the separations of the fluorophore pairs prepared at different design positions, we verify the feasibility of cryogenic distance measurement with sub-nanometer accuracy. We discuss the important challenges of our method as well as its potential for further improvement and various applications.
Judicial Techniques and the Law of Contract (1990)

Abstract The proper use of legal techniques in some contexts is of vital importance. This chapter explores a number of problems and cases in the law of contract with a view to illustrating a way in which the same problems can be dealt with by the use of differing legal techniques. It suggests that some of the academic controversies of recent times are, in reality, arguments about the use of these techniques. This chapter also considers the respective merits and demerits of some of the principal techniques in current use.
Knowing your enemy (2012)

With the Internet becoming the dominant channel for marketing and promotion, online advertisements are also increasingly used for illegal purposes such as propagating malware, scamming, click frauds, etc. To understand the gravity of these malicious advertising activities, which we call malvertising, we perform a large-scale study through analyzing ad-related Web traces crawled over a three-month period. Our study reveals the rampancy of malvertising: hundreds of top ranking Web sites fell victims and leading ad networks such as DoubleClick were infiltrated.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN THE SERIES OF PYRAZOLES. II. PREPARATION OF MONO‐ AND DIPHENYLPYRAZOLEDICARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Aus p‐Xylol wird über sein Bromderivat (Ia) und die Stufen (Ib)‐(IV) die Dicarbonsäuren (V) dargestellt.
Competition between extinction and enhancement in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2016)

Conjugated metallic nanoparticles are a promising means to achieve ultrasensitive and multiplexed sensing in intact three-dimensional samples, especially for biological applications, via surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We show that enhancement and extinction are linked and compete in a collection of metallic nanoparticles. Counterintuitively, the Raman signal vanishes when nanoparticles are excited at their plasmon resonance, while increasing nanoparticle concentrations at off-resonance excitation sometimes leads to decreased signal. We develop an effective medium theory that explains both phenomena. Optimal choices of excitation wavelength, individual particle enhancement factor and concentrations are indicated. The same processes which give rise to enhancement also lead to increased extinction of both the illumination and the Raman scattered light. Nanoparticles attenuate the incident field (blue) and at the same time provide local enhancement for SERS. Likewise the radiation of the Raman-scattered field (green) is enhanced by the near-by sphere but extinguished by the rest of the spheres in the suspension on propagation.
Theranostic Targeting of CUB Domain Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) in Pancreatic Cancer (2020)

These data establish that CDCP1 can be exploited for theranostics, a finding with widespread implications given its breadth of overexpression in cancer.