gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of Titanium Dimethylamides with Methyl Iodide (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of Titanium Dimethylamides with Methyl IodideAdam R. Johnson, Paulus W. Wanandi, Christopher C. Cummins, and William M. DavisCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 7, 2907–2909Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00019a057https://doi.org/10.1021/om00019a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review (2020)

Ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy (RT), or 'FLASH' therapy, has gained significant momentum following various in vivo studies published since 2014 which have demonstrated a reduction in normal tissue toxicity and similar tumor control for FLASH-RT when compared with conventional dose-rate RT. Subsequent studies have sought to investigate the potential for FLASH normal tissue protection and the literature has been since been inundated with publications on FLASH therapies. Today, FLASH-RT is considered by some as having the potential to 'revolutionize radiotherapy'. FLASH-RT is considered by some as having the potential to 'revolutionize radiotherapy'. The goal of this review article is to present the current state of this intriguing RT technique and to review existing publications on FLASH-RT in terms of its physical and biological aspects. In the physics section, the current landscape of ultrahigh dose-rate radiation delivery and dosimetry is presented. Specifically, electron, photon and proton radiation sources capable of delivering ultrahigh dose-rates along with their beam delivery parameters are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the benefits and drawbacks of radiation detectors suitable for dosimetry in FLASH-RT are presented. The biology section comprises a summary of pioneering in vitro ultrahigh dose-rate studies performed in the 1960s and early 1970s and continues with a summary of the recent literature investigating normal and tumor tissue responses in electron, photon and proton beams. The section is concluded with possible mechanistic explanations of the FLASH normal-tissue protection effect (FLASH effect). Finally, challenges associated with clinical translation of FLASH-RT and its future prospects are critically discussed; specifically, proposed treatment machines and publications on treatment planning for FLASH-RT are reviewed.
Human <scp>SARS CoV</scp> ‐2 spike protein mutations (2021)

The human spike protein sequences from Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania were analyzed by comparing with the reference severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) protein sequence from Wuhan-Hu-1, China. Out of 10333 spike protein sequences analyzed, 8155 proteins comprised one or more mutations. A total of 9654 mutations were observed that correspond to 400 distinct mutation sites. The receptor binding domain (RBD) which is involved in the interactions with human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor and causes infection leading to the COVID-19 disease comprised 44 mutations that included residues within 3.2 Å interacting distance from the ACE-2 receptor. The mutations observed in the spike proteins are discussed in the context of their distribution according to the geographical locations, mutation sites, mutation types, distribution of the number of mutations at the mutation sites and mutations at the glycosylation sites. The density of mutations in different regions of the spike protein sequence and location of the mutations in protein three-dimensional structure corresponding to the RBD are discussed. The mutations identified in the present work are important considerations for antibody, vaccine, and drug development.
Small Molecule Migration in Products Derived from Glassy Polymers (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall Molecule Migration in Products Derived from Glassy PolymersWilliam J. Koros and Harold B. HopfenbergCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1979, 18, 4, 353–358Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360072a024https://doi.org/10.1021/i360072a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Genome-Wide Screen of<i>Salmonella</i>Genes Expressed during Infection in Pigs, Using In Vivo Expression Technology (2007)

Pigs are a food-producing species that readily carry Salmonella but, in the great majority of cases, do not show clinical signs of disease. Little is known about the functions required by Salmonella to be maintained in pigs. We have devised a recombinase-based promoter-trapping strategy to identify genes with elevated expression during pig infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. A total of 55 clones with in vivo-induced promoters were selected from a genomic library of approximately 10,000 random Salmonella DNA fragments fused to the recombinase cre, and the cloned DNA fragments were analyzed by sequencing. Thirty-one genes encoding proteins involved in bacterial adhesion and colonization (including bcfA, hscA, rffG, and yciR), virulence (metL), heat shock (hscA), and a sensor of a two-component regulator (hydH) were identified. Among the 55 clones, 19 were isolated from both the tonsils and the intestine, while 23 were identified only in the intestine and 13 only in tonsils. High temperature and increased osmolarity were identified as environmental signals that induced in vivo-expressed genes, suggesting possible signals for expression.
Flipping the dogma – phosphatidylserine in non-apoptotic cell death (2019)

The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer plasma membrane has long been considered a unique feature of apoptotic cells. Together with other "eat me" signals, it enables the recognition and phagocytosis of dying cells (efferocytosis), helping to explain the immunologically-silent nature of apoptosis. Recently, however, PS exposure has also been reported in non-apoptotic forms of regulated inflammatory cell death, such as necroptosis, challenging previous dogma. In this review, we outline the evidence for PS exposure in non-apoptotic cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs), and discuss possible mechanisms based on our knowledge of apoptotic-PS exposure. In addition, we examine the outcomes of non-apoptotic PS exposure, including the reversibility of cell death, efferocytosis, and consequent inflammation. By examining PS biology, we challenge the established approach of distinguishing apoptosis from other cell death pathways by AnnexinV staining of PS externalization. Finally, we re-evaluate how PS exposure is thought to define apoptosis as an immunologically silent process distinct from other non-apoptotic and inflammatory cell death pathways. Ultimately, we suggest that a complete understanding of how regulated cell death processes affect the immune system is far from being fully elucidated.
Learning Lie Groups for Invariant Visual Perception (1998)

One of the most important problems in visual perception is that of visual in-variance: how are objects perceived to be the same despite undergoing transfor-mations such as translations, rotations or scaling? In this paper, we describe a Bayesian method for learning invariances based on Lie group theory. We show that previous approaches based on first-order Taylor series expansions of inputs can be regarded as special cases of the Lie group approach, the latter being ca-pable of handling in principle arbitrarily large transfonnations. Using a matrix-exponential based generative model of images, we derive an unsupervised al-gorithm for learning Lie group operators from input data containing infinites-imal transfonnations. The on-line unsupervised learning algorithm maximizes the posterior probability of generating the training data. We provide experimen-tal results suggesting that the proposed method can learn Lie group operators for handling reasonably large I-D translations and 2-D rotations. 1
Wide-band CEBG-based directive antenna (2007)

Recently, new periodic structures, cylindrical electromagnetic band gap (CEBG) structures, have been introduced and used as models to develop new directive antennas or new beam switching antennas. These structures are radially and circularly periodic, and they present pass-band and stop-band to cylindrical electromagnetic waves. In this paper, the design and experimental results for a new wide-band (78%) CEBG based-directive antenna are presented. This work was made under a project which consists on the design of an agile antenna for tactical communications in the band : 1.35 GHz - 2.7 GHz.
Comparison of Skin Stretch and Vibrotactile Stimulation for Feedback of Proprioceptive Information (2008)

We present the results of experiments to compare vibration and skin stretch in a virtual proprioception task in which subjects used a force sensor to control the movement of a virtual arm. Pilot experiments pointed to the need to provide the arm with varying dynamics (like a real arm) and to scale the feedback from vibratory and skin stretch displays to demonstrate a clear improvement in the accuracy of movement. For the final experiments, ten subjects were first trained on the system with visual feedback and then tested with vibratory feedback, skin stretch feedback and no feedback. Both vibration and skin stretch improved the subjects' performance. For some subjects, a second no-feedback case showed improvement over the initial case, indicating learning; in other cases, the no-feedback performance deteriorated and subjects reported that they had become used to relying on feedback. Overall, skin stretch provided superior results, particularly when the virtual arm was in a low-inertia configuration and at low velocity. The results suggest that small skin-stretch devices could be worn on the body to provide useful proprioceptive information when interacting with virtual environments and in motion training for rehabilitation or sports.
Design and development of microcontroller based conductivity measurement system (2004)

A real time microcontroller based conductivity measurement setup has been developed to measure conductivity by investigating ionic solutions using a modified AC Wheatstone bridge network. This instrument system permits recording of conductivity and temperature and send data to personal computer to enable the computer processing of such data. A dedicated 8031(8-bit) based microcontroller board was employed for the hardware. The details of its interface to measure conductivity, temperature and to control the temperature and evaluate results are explained in this paper.
Compressive Clustering of High-Dimensional Data (2012)

In this paper we focus on realistic clustering problems where the input data is high-dimensional and the clusters have complex, multimodal distribution. In this challenging setting the conventional methods, such as k-centers family, hierarchical clustering or those based on model fitting, are inefficient and typically converge far from the globally optimal solution. As an alternative, we propose a novel unsupervised learning approach which is based on the compressive sensing paradigm. The key idea underlying our algorithm is to monitor the distance between the test sample and its principal projection in each cluster, and continue re-assigning it to the cluster yielding the smallest residual. As a result, we obtain an iterative procedure which, under the compressive assumptions, minimizes the total reconstruction error of all samples from their nearest clusters. To evaluate the proposed approach, we have conducted a series of experiments involving various image collections where the task was to automatically group similar objects. Comparison of the obtained results with those yielded by the state-of-the-art clustering methods provides evidence for high discriminative power of our algorithm.
Platinum complex-catalysed carbonylations of organic lodides having β-hydrogens attached to sp<sup>3</sup>-carbons (1986)

Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(II) is an effective catalyst for the carbonylations of organic iodides having β-hydrogens attached to sp3-carbons to give the corresponding aldehydes and esters in the presence of molecular hydrogen and alcohol, respectively.
Circuit model for coplanar-slotline tees (2000)

Coplanar-slotline tees have been used in a number of microwave circuits, although no complete models were available to explain their behavior. In this letter, a new "circuit-model" for a coplanar-slotline tee is presented. The model, based on the separation of coplanar waveguide (CPW) even and odd modes into two different ports, explains the tee's behavior even if CPW air bridges are not used and slotlines are loaded asymmetrically. The new model has been applied to the analysis of the input reflection coefficient of an offset-fed slotline antenna, showing an excellent agreement between simulation and measurement.
La territorialidad y sus repercusiones en los Grupos Parlamentarios (2007)

Sumario: I. CONCEPTUACIÓN TEÓRICA Y PRAXIS PARLAMENTARIA DE LOS GRUPOS: SUS EFECTOS SOBRE LA TERRITORIALIDAD.—II. EL PARLAMENTO Y SUS MODULACIONES EN UN ESTADO TERRITORIALMENTE DESCENTRALIZADO: SUS EFECTOS EN LOS GRUPOS PARLAMENTARIOS.—III. GRUPO PARLAMENTARIO Y REPRESENTACIÓN TERRITORIAL.—3.1. Los requisitos de constitución.—3.2. Pluralismo territorial y funcionamiento parlamentario.—3.2.1. La cuestión lingüística.—3.2.1.1. En las Cortes Generales.—3.2.1.2. En los Parlamentos autonómicos.—3.2.2. Las relaciones intergrupales en los partidos políticos: sus especialidades en los partidos de ámbito no estatal.—3.2.2.1. En las Cortes Generales.—3.2.2.2. En los Parlamentos autonómicos.—IV. REPRESENTACIÓN TERRITORIAL EN EL PARLAMENTO Y GRUPOS PARLAMENTARIOS: EL CASO DEL SENADO ESPAÑOL.—4.1. Las notas distintivas de los grupos en la Cámara Alta.—4.2. Hacia una concepción territorial del Senado: el papel de los Grupos Parlamentarios y de los grupos territoriales.
7α‐Hydroxylation of 26‐hydroxycholesterol, 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholestenoic acid and 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholenoic acid by cytochrome <i>P</i>‐450 in pig liver microsomes (1992)

Pig liver microsomes were found to catalyze the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of several potential bile acid precursors besides cholesterol. 26-Hydroxycholesterol, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid were all efficiently converted into the 7 alpha-hydroxylated products. Two cytochrome P-450 fractions showing 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity could be isolated. One fraction catalyzed 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 26-hydroxycholesterol, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid but was inactive towards cholesterol. The other fraction catalyzed 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol in addition to the other substrates. 26-Hydroxycholesterol in equimolar concentration did not inhibit the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity of this fraction. It is concluded that liver microsomes contain a cytochrome P-450 catalyzing 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 26-hydroxycholesterol, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid. The results indicate that this cytochrome P-450 is different from that catalyzing 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol.
Stille Coupling Reactions of 4-Substituted-2,5-Diphenyloxazoles (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStille Coupling Reactions of 4-Substituted-2,5-Diphenyloxazoles†Bruce Clapham and Andrew J. SutherlandView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 26, 9033–9037Publication Date (Web):November 29, 2001Publication History Received16 July 2001Published online29 November 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0107150https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0107150brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views900Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Coupling reactions,Electrophiles,Group 14 compounds,Monomers,Palladium Get e-Alerts
Rapid microwave reflux process for the synthesis of pure hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Ln3+,Bi3+ (Ln3+ = Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+) and its enhanced UC luminescence (2012)

Pure hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+) crystals were obtained for the first time through a facile microwave (MW) reflux method at relatively low temperature (160 °C) and atmospheric pressure within only 50 min. By controllably increasing the NH4F content in the ethylene glycol (EG) solvent, the phase of as-prepared NaYF4:Yb3+,Ln3+ gradually transforms from cubic to hexagonal. Correspondingly, the up-conversion (UC) emission intensities of hexagonal NaYF4:Yb3+,Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+) are increased by 10–12 times compared to those of the cubic phase. A possible growth mechanism for the phase transformation under these MW conditions has been proposed. Moreover, for the first time, we introduced Bi3+ ion into β-NaYF4:20%Yb3+,2%Ln3+ crystals. As expected, the UC emission of β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Ln3+,Bi3+ are about 10–40 times higher than those of Bi3+ free samples. It is found that tri-doping of Bi3+ doesn't change the basic emission of Ln3+ ions. XRD results gives evidence that tri-doping of Bi3+ ions can tailor the local crystal field and dissociate the Yb3+ and Ln3+ ion clusters, which is the main reason for the UC enhancement. This designed MW reflux method for the synthesis of β-NaYF4:20%Yb3+,2%Ln3+ can be applied to prepare other rare earth fluorides. The markedly enhanced UC luminescence through Bi3+ doping also provides an effective way to gain very bright UC emission.
Telomerase induces immortalization of human esophageal keratinocytes without p16INK4a inactivation. (2003)

Normal human somatic cells have a finite life span and undergo replicative senescence after a limited number of cell divisions. Erosion of telomeric DNA has emerged as a key factor in senescence, which is antagonized during cell immortalization and transformation. To clarify the involvement of telomerase in the immortalization of keratinocytes, catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) expression was restored in normal human esophageal epithelial cells (EPC2). EPC2-hTERT cells overcame senescence and were immortalized without p16INK4a genetic or epigenetic alterations. p16INK4a was expressed at moderate levels and remained functional as evidenced by induction with UV treatment and binding to cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6. There were no mutations in the p53 gene, and p53 was functionally intact. Importantly, senescence could be activated in the immortalized EPC2-hTERT cells by overexpression of oncogenic H-ras or p16INK4a. Furthermore, the EPC2-hTERT cells yielded basal cell hyperplasia in an innovative organotypic culture system in contrast to a normal epithelium from parental cells. These comprehensive results indicate that the expression of telomerase induces immortalization of normal human esophageal keratinocytes without inactivation of p16INK4a/pRb pathway or abrogation of the p53 pathway.
A Newer User Authentication, File encryption and Distributed Server Based Cloud Computing Security Architecture (2013)

The cloud computing platform gives people the opportunity for sharing resources, services and information among the people of the whole world. In private cloud system, information is shared among the persons who are in that cloud. For this, security or personal information hiding process hampers. In this paper we have proposed new security architecture for cloud computing platform. This ensures secure communication system and hiding information from others. AES based file encryption system and asynchronous key system for exchanging information or data is included in this model. This structure can be easily applied with main cloud computing features, e.g. PaaS, SaaS and IaaS. This model also includes onetime password system for user authentication process. Our work mainly deals with the security system of the whole cloud computing platform.