gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Graphene Nanoplatelets (2008)

Between the sheets: Polystyrene–polyacrylamide copolymer is covalently grafted onto graphene sheets by in situ living free-radical polymerization to give “amphiphilic” graphene nanoplatelets. The block copolymer disperses graphene nanoplatelets in a polar solvent (water; see picture, A versus C) and also stabilizes them in a nonpolar solvent (xylene; B versus D). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
uFLIP-OC (2017)

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have gained acceptance by providing the same block device abstraction as magnetic hard drives, at the cost of suboptimal resource utilisation and unpredictable performance. Recently, Open-Channel SSDs have emerged as a means to obtain predictably high performance, based on a clean break from the block device abstraction. Open-channel SSDs embed a minimal flash translation layer (FTL) and expose their internals to the host. The Linux open-channel SSD subsystem, LightNVM, lets kernel modules as well as user-space applications control data placement and I/O scheduling. This way, it is the host that is responsible for SSD management. But what kind of performance model should the host rely on to guide the way it manages data placement and I/O scheduling? For addressing this question we have defined uFLIP-OC, a benchmark designed to identify the I/O patterns that are best suited for a given open-channel SSD. Our experiments on a Dragon-Fire Card (DFC) SSD, equipped with the OX controller, illustrate the performance impact of media characteristics and parallelism. We discuss how uFLIP-OC can be used to guide the design of host-based data systems on open-channel SSDs.
A Clinical Trial of Trimethobenzamide/Diphenhydramine Versus Sumatriptan for Acute Migraines (2006)

SQ sumatriptan is probably superior to TMB/DPH for treating the pain of acute migraine at 2 hours. However, TMB/DPH was well-tolerated, efficacious, and relieved pain comparably to sumatriptan at 24 hours. TMB/DPH might have a role in select populations in which sumatriptan is contraindicated or likely to be ineffective.
Miltiades II and his alleged mint in the Chersonesos (2019)

Miltiades II is credited with issuing a series of coins which play a key part in determining the nature of his rule in the Chersonesos, as well as attesting to the use of the Attic monetary standard in the region before the Ionian War. In this paper we provide a new corpus and analysis of the coins which we use to show that the coins were not minted on the Attic standard. Instead we demonstrate they were minted on the ‘heavy’ Persian standard which was only introduced c. 480 B. C. Ironically, it appears the coins were not symbols of Athenian control, but were minted at Kardia and used for trade in the Persian-dominated region sometime in the period from 478-466 B. C.
Diverse repetitive element RNA expression defines epigenetic and immunologic features of colon cancer (2017)

There is tremendous excitement for the potential of epigenetic therapies in cancer, but the ability to predict and monitor response to these drugs remains elusive. This is in part due to the inability to differentiate the direct cytotoxic and the immunomodulatory effects of these drugs. The DNA-hypomethylating agent 5-azacitidine (AZA) has shown these distinct effects in colon cancer and appears to be linked to the derepression of repeat RNAs. LINE and HERV are two of the largest classes of repeats in the genome, and despite many commonalities, we found that there is heterogeneity in behavior among repeat subtypes. Specifically, the LINE-1 and HERV-H subtypes detected by RNA sequencing and RNA in situ hybridization in colon cancers had distinct expression patterns, which suggested that these repeats are correlated to transcriptional programs marking different biological states. We found that low LINE-1 expression correlates with global DNA hypermethylation, wild-type <i>TP53</i> status, and responsiveness to AZA. HERV-H repeats were not concordant with LINE-1 expression but were found to be linked with differences in FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Treg tumor infiltrates. Together, distinct repeat RNA expression patterns define new molecular classifications of colon cancer and provide biomarkers that better distinguish cytotoxic from immunomodulatory effects by epigenetic drugs.
NF‐<i>κ</i>B in liver diseases: a target for drug therapy (2008)

There are five nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factors with important roles in innate immunity, liver inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis prevention. Several inhibitors of NF-kappaB, like caffeic acid, captopril, curcumin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, resveratrol, silymarin and thalidomide, have demonstrated antinecrotic, anticholestatic, antifibrotic and anticancer activities in the liver. A link between inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma through the NF-kappaB pathway has been observed, providing ample experimental support for the tumor-promoting function of NF-kappaB in various models of cancer. NF-kappaB has been associated with the induction of proinflammatory gene expression and has attracted interest as a target for the treatment of inflammatory disease. However, despite much attention being focused on the deleterious effects of NF-kappaB, activation of this factor during the resolution of inflammation is associated with the production of antiinflammatory molecules like interleukin (IL)-10 and the onset of apoptosis. This suggests that NF-kappaB has an antiinflammatory role in vivo involving the regulation of the resolution of inflammation. Also, NF-kappaB promotes liver regeneration by upregulating IL-6 and other molecules like hepatocyte growth factor. It has been postulated that the beneficial properties of NF-kappaB are due to p50 homodimers, whose activation prevents cholestatic and chronic liver injury. More basic understanding on the function of the diverse NF-kappaB factors is urgently needed in different physiological and pathological conditions, because depending on the subunit composition of the dimmer, the disease and the stage of the illness, inhibition of the factor may result in a beneficial or in a deleterious response.
Embedded control problems, Thumb, and the ARM7TDMI (1995)

High-end embedded control applications such as cellular phones, disk drives, and modems demand more performance from their controllers yet still require low costs. By implementing a second, compressed instruction set, our architectural innovation Thumb reduces RISC code size, providing 32-bit RISC performance at 8-/16-bit system cost. We describe the problems of embedded control, discuss the Thumb solution and its implementation, and explore typical application areas and competitive benchmarking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on extraction technology of soluble polysaccharides from Lyophyllum decastes Sing (2010)

The effects of temperature,solid-liquid ratio,time and pH on the polysaccharides of Lyophyllum decastes were investigated. The optimum extractive condition of polysaccharides was determined through orthogonal experiment design and variance analysis.The experimental results indicated that the reaction time and temperature significantly affected the extraction percent of the soluble polysaccharides,the optimum extraction conditions were temperature 85℃,pH9.0,solid-liquid ratio 1∶15 and extraction time 1.5h. Under these condition,the extraction percent of soluble polysaccharides was 65.52% in solid.
A functional knock-out of titin results in defective myofibril assembly (2000)

Titin, also called connectin, is a giant muscle protein that spans the distance from the sarcomeric Z-disc to the M-band. Titin is thought to direct the assembly of sarcomeres and to maintain sarcomeric integrity by interacting with numerous sarcomeric proteins and providing a mechanical linkage. Since severe defects of such an important molecule are likely to result in embryonic lethality, a cell culture model should offer the best practicable tool to probe the cellular functions of titin. The myofibroblast cell line BHK-21/C13 was described to assemble myofibrils in culture. We have now characterized the sub-line BHK-21-Bi, which bears a small deletion within the titin gene. RNA analysis revealed that in this mutant cell line only a small internal portion of the titin mRNA is deleted. However, western blots, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that only the N-terminal, approx. 100 kDa central Z-disc portion of the 3 MDa titin protein is expressed, due to the homozygous deletion in the gene. Most importantly, in BHK-21-Bi cells the formation of thick myosin filaments and the assembly of myofibrils are impaired, although sarcomeric proteins are expressed. Lack of thick filament formation and of ordered actin-myosin arrays was confirmed by electron microscopy. Myogenisation induced by transfection with MyoD yielded myofibrils only in myotubes formed from wild type and not from mutant cells, ruling out that a principal failure in myogenic commitment of the BHK-21-Bi cells might cause the observed effects. These experiments provide the first direct evidence for the crucial role of titin in both thick filament formation as a molecular ruler and in the coordination of myofibrillogenesis.
Measuring food intake with digital photography (2013)

The digital photography of foods method accurately estimates the food intake of adults and children in cafeterias. When using this method, images of food selection and leftovers are quickly captured in the cafeteria. These images are later compared with images of 'standard' portions of food using computer software. The amount of food selected and discarded is estimated based upon this comparison, and the application automatically calculates energy and nutrient intake. In the present review, we describe this method, as well as a related method called the Remote Food Photography Method (RFPM), which relies on smartphones to estimate food intake in near real-time in free-living conditions. When using the RFPM, participants capture images of food selection and leftovers using a smartphone and these images are wirelessly transmitted in near real-time to a server for analysis. Because data are transferred and analysed in near real-time, the RFPM provides a platform for participants to quickly receive feedback about their food intake behaviour and to receive dietary recommendations for achieving weight loss and health promotion goals. The reliability and validity of measuring food intake with the RFPM in adults and children is also reviewed. In sum, the body of research reviewed demonstrates that digital imaging accurately estimates food intake in many environments and it has many advantages over other methods, including reduced participant burden, elimination of the need for participants to estimate portion size, and the incorporation of computer automation to improve the accuracy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the method.
Effect of the surface roughness on the spectral distribution of photoemission current at the silver/solution contact (1995)

The use of an aqueous electrolyte containing dissolved CO2 enabled revealing of an unusually intense photoemission from a bulk silver electrode. The observed cathodic photocurrent exhibits a sharp peak at ∼360 nm corresponding to the energy of surface plasmons in silver. The amount and the spectral distribution of the photocurrent are strongly affected by the extent of roughness of the silver surface. In particular, an electrochemical roughening procedure, analogous to that leading to the surface enhancement of Raman scattering (SERS) at silver, causes appearance of a long tail on the low-energy side of the photoemission spectra. In consequence, significant photocurrents, corresponding to a quantum yield of ∼7×10−3, are observed for the deliberately roughened silver electrodes illuminated with the wavelength of 514 nm, most frequently used in SERS experiments. It is postulated that this intense photoemission, discovered in the presence of CO2 in the solution, equally takes place in the absence of scavengers. However, in the latter case no significant photocurrents can be detected as most of the photoemitted electrons (solvated or not) return back to the electrode.
Variation among Species in the Temperature Dependence of the Reappearance of Variable Fluorescence following Illumination (1990)

The relationship between the thermal dependence of the reappearance of chlorophyll variable fluorescence following illumination and temperature dependence of the apparent Michaelis constant (K(m)) of NADH hydroxypyruvate reductase for NADH was investigated in cool and warm season plant species. Brancker SF-20 and SF-30 fluorometers were used to evaluate induced fluorescence transients from detached leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv TAM-101), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Paymaster 145), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Del Oro), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv California Wonder), and petunia (Petunia hybrida cv. Red Sail). Following an illumination period at 25 degrees C, the reappearance of variable fluorescence during a dark incubation was determined at 5 degrees C intervals from 15 degrees C to 45 degrees C. Variable fluorescence recovery was normally distributed with the maximum recovery observed at 20 degrees C in wheat, 30 degrees C in cotton, 20 degrees C to 25 degrees C in tomato, 30 to 35 degrees C in bell pepper and 25 degrees C in petunia. Comparison of the thermal response of fluorescence recovery with the temperature sensitivity of the apparent K(m) of hydroxypyruvate reductase for NADH showed that the range of temperatures providing fluorescence recovery corresponded with those temperatures providing the minimum apparent K(m) values (viz. the thermal kinetic window).
Design and evaluation of ethyl cellulose based matrix tablets of ibuprofen with pH modulated release kinetics (2008)

Controlled release preparations have been reported to reduce the gastro irritant and ulcerogenic effects of non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop matrix tablet-based controlled release formulations of ibuprofen, using ethyl cellulose as the rate-controlling polymer. In order to prevent initial release of the drug in the acidic environment of the stomach, cellulose acetate phthalate was incorporated in the matrix in varying amounts. It was found that with increasing the proportion of ethyl cellulose in the matrix, the drug release was extended for 14-16 h. Incorporation of cellulose acetate phthalate in ethyl cellulose matrix provided very low initial release of the drug in the first 2-3 h followed by enhanced release rate in alkaline medium owing to the high solubility of cellulose acetate phthalate at basic pH which led to creation of a porous matrix. It was concluded that combination of cellulose acetate phthalate with ethyl cellulose in the matrix base can be an effective means of developing a controlled release formulation of ibuprofen with very low initial release followed with controlled release up to 14-16 h.
The Immune Environment in Human Endometrium during the Window of Implantation (2004)

We demonstrate the upregulation of immune-related genes IL-15Ralpha, Lpn and NKG5 in secretory versus proliferative human endometrium. We also demonstrate a similar upregulation in secretory endometrium of other immune-related genes, viz, DAF, IDO, IL-15, IRF-1 and NKAT2. The functions of these genes include stimulation of proliferation of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, inhibition of cytolytic activity of uNK cells, inhibition of cell growth of T cells and other pathogens and inhibition of the classical complement pathway. Upregulation of these immune-related genes in the window of implantation suggests their role during the process of implantation and in immune tolerance of the implanting conceptus.
Expression of <i>TSLC1</i>, a candidate tumor suppressor gene mapped to chromosome 11q23, is downregulated in unfavorable neuroblastoma without promoter hypermethylation (2008)

Although it has been well documented that loss of human chromosome 11q is frequently observed in primary neuroblastomas, the smallest region of overlap (SRO) has not yet been precisely identified. Previously, we performed array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) analysis for 236 primary neuroblastomas to search for genomic aberrations with high-resolution. In our study, we have identified the SRO of deletion (10-Mb or less) at 11q23. Within this region, there exists a TSLC1/IGSF4/CADM1 gene (Tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1/Immunoglobulin superfamily 4/Cell adhesion molecule 1), which has been identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene for lung and some other cancers. Consistent with previous observations, we have found that 35% of primary neuroblastomas harbor loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on TSLC1 locus. In contrast to other cancers, we could not detect the hypermethylation in its promoter region in primary neuroblastomas as well as neuroblastoma-derived cell lines. The clinicopathological analysis demonstrated that TSLC1 expression levels significantly correlate with stage, Shimada's pathological classification, MYCN amplification status, TrkA expression levels and DNA index in primary neuroblastomas. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that TSLC1 is remarkably reduced in unfavorable neuroblastomas. Furthermore, decreased expression levels of TSLC1 were significantly associated with a poor prognosis in 108 patients with neuroblastoma. Additionally, TSLC1 reduced cell proliferation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, our present findings suggest that TSLC1 acts as a candidate tumor suppressor gene for neuroblastoma.
Relationship Between Absorption of Radiolabeled Soluble Insulin, Subcutaneous Blood Flow, and Anthropometry (1992)

The rate of absorption of soluble insulin, including during the lag phase, is positively correlated with SCBF. Increasing adiposity prolongs the duration of the early lag phase and reduces the rate of absorption of soluble insulin and SCBF.
Voltammetry in Benzene and Chlorobenzene. The Behaviour of Ions of Aromatic Compounds in Nonpolar Media. (1977)

Unter Verwendung einer Mikroelektrode, hergestellt aus feinem Pt-Draht in einer Glasrohre, ist es moglich, di?nierte Redoxpotentiale von aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen wie z.B. Perylen und 1,2-Bis-[anthranyl-(9)]-athan in den Titellosungsmitteln zu messen.
Composition of Aldrin, Dieldrin, and Photodieldrin Enantiomers in Technical and Environmental Samples (2009)

Aldrin and dieldrin belong to the group of polycyclic chlorinated insecticides that are banned under the Stockholm Convention (POP Convention). Despite the fact that the use of these compounds ceased many years ago, aldrin and, in particular, dieldrin are still present in the environment from former applications, leading occasionally to contamination of agricultural produce and food, particularly Cucurbitaceae. These prochiral compounds have a complex stereochemistry. In the environment, aldrin is rapidly converted to its epoxide, dieldrin. Photolysis is one of the environmental transformation processes reported to be important for the compounds, leading to photoproducts such as photoaldrin and photodieldrin. In contrast to the parent compounds, photoaldrin and photodieldrin are chiral and exist as pairs of enantiomers. Although dieldrin and its metabolites have been extensively reviewed, the chirality of many of its metabolites has so far not been considered. In this study, the composition of technical aldrin and dieldrin from the 1950s and their photoproducts was investigated using both non-enantioselective and enantioselective gas chromatography with detection by several mass spectrometric techniques. Full enantiomer resolution of photodieldrin was achieved using a column with a silylated gamma-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. Photoaldrin, however, showed peak broadening, indicating some marginal resolution of the enantiomers. Whereas photodieldrin was formed as a racemate from both aldrin and dieldrin by natural sunlight, the analysis of environmental and biological samples (soil, biota) indicated its presence mostly with enantiomer compositions clearly differing from 1:1. The presence of photodieldrin in soil, treated more than 40 years ago with aldrin or dieldrin, documents that the photoreaction of dieldrin plays some role in the transformation of the compounds in the environment and that enantioselective biological processes are involved in its further transformation. The preliminary data also indicate that photodieldrin probably is not bioaccumulated more than dieldrin.
Vehicle Occupant Head Position Quantification Using an Array of Capacitive Proximity Sensors (2014)

Currently, proper vehicle head restraint (HR) positioning requires manual adjustment and knowledge on the part of the occupant. By removing the requirement for manual adjustment, an HR positioning system that autonomously moves and adapts the HR position properly to any seated occupant could serve to reduce the social and personal costs of whiplash injuries, as compared with existing manual systems. To achieve this, quantification of the occupant's head position relative to the HR is required. In a previous paper, a rectangular capacitive proximity-sensing array for the purpose of occupant head position quantification was studied. Here, a range-maximized sensor was first designed to reduce electrostatic and environmental disturbances. To achieve this, numerical modeling and laboratory experiments were conducted, and then, a design process for an interdigitated comb-shaped sensor geometry was proposed to maximize the sensing range of the sensor. The effects of temperature and humidity on the sensor were also evaluated and compensated. A novel capacitive proximity-sensing array was then designed, which had the minimum number of the aforementioned comb-shaped sensors necessary for accurately estimating the 3-D position of an occupant's head in near real time. This estimation was carried out using a nonparametric neural network. The above capacitive array was then integrated and fully contained in a customized HR as part of a vehicle seat safety system. The system was tested and demonstrated that such a head position sensing methodology would be capable of autonomously positioning an HR to meet the guidelines of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).
Individual differences in spatial pattern separation performance associated with healthy aging in humans (2010)

Rodent studies have suggested that "pattern separation," the ability to distinguish among similar experiences, is diminished in a subset of aged rats. We extended these findings to the human using a task designed to assess spatial pattern separation behavior (determining at time of test whether pairs of pictures shown during the study were in the same spatial locations). Using a standardized test of word recall to divide healthy aged adults into impaired and unimpaired groups relative to young performance, we demonstrate that aged impaired adults are biased away from pattern separation and toward pattern completion, consistent with the rodent studies.