gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of Brucella-extracted and recombinant protein vaccines in CD-1 and BALB/c mice. (1990)

A study was conducted to determine whether subcomponent proteins (previously identified as BCSP20, BCSP31, and BCSP45, and the corresponding recombinant proteins rBCSP20, rBCSP31, and rBCSP45) that were recovered from the cell surface of Brucella abortus strain 19 were immunogenic and protective for mice when compared with Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP) and with a proteinase K-treated lipopolysaccharide (PKLPS) extracted from B abortus strain 2308. Protection was evaluated after challenge exposure with a virulent culture of B abortus strain 2308, using CD-1 or BALB/c mice or both inoculated with vaccines of various combinations and concentrations, with and without PKLPS or BCSP. Protection was assessed by enumeration of splenic colony-forming units, reduced mean splenic weight relative to controls, and the relative serologic responses (immune response) in an ELISA. The general results indicate that BCSP, PKLPS, BCSP20, and BCSP31 are immunogenic or protective or both. Protectiveness was not observed for each of the recombinant proteins; however, results from the combined recombinant protein vaccine study suggest the immunogenicity of the recombinant proteins. The apparent immune-inducing properties of BCSP20 and BCSP31 are thought to be attributable to the presence of an immunogenic and protective BCSP fraction (possibly lipopolysaccharide) still associated. Serologic results support our conclusion that each of the recombinant protein vaccines did not induce a protective response comparable to that of BCSP or PKLPS, even when the subcomponents were combined. Although the results suggest that the subcomponents of BCSP apparently induced partial protection, they are thought to be only a part of the antigens contained in BCSP that influence the serologic response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thermostability and Specific-Activity Enhancement of an Arginine Deiminase from<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>SK23.001 via Semirational Design for<scp>l</scp>-Citrulline Production (2018)

l-Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid with a variety of physiological functions and can be enzymatically produced by arginine deiminase (ADI, EC 3.5.3.6). The enzymatic-production approach is of immense interest because of its mild conditions, high yield, low cost, and environmental benignity. However, the major hindrances of l-citrulline industrialization are the poor thermostability and enzyme activity of ADI. Hence, in this work, directed evolution and site-directed mutagenesis aided with in silico screening, including the use of b-factor values and HoTMuSiC, were applied to a previously identified ADI from Enterococcus faecalis SK23.001 ( EfADI), and a triple-site variant R15K-F269Y-G292P was obtained. The triple-site variant displays a 2.5-fold higher specific enzyme activity (333 U mg<sup>-1</sup>), a lower K<sub>m</sub> value of 6.4 mM, and a 6.1-fold longer half-life ( t<sub>1/2,45°C</sub> = 86.7 min) than wild-type EfADI. This work provides a protein-engineering strategy to improve enzyme activity and thermostability, which might be transferrable to other ADIs and enzymes.
P‐100: Dielectric Property and Hg‐Consumption with Glass Tubes of External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp (2008)

Abstract External electrode fluorescent lamps of aluminosilicate glass with high dielectric constant, a low dielectric loss and a lowest sodium composition were compared with the conventional EEFLs of borosilicate and soda‐lime glasses. The luminance efficiency increases by 15∼25 %, the pinhole stability improves remarkably, and the blackening of Hg‐consumption is not observed.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Substituted Sulfonyl-<i>N</i>-hydroxyguanidine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents (1997)

A series of sulfonyl-N-hydroxyguanidine derivatives was designed and synthesized for cytotoxic evaluation as potential anticancer agents on the basis of the lead compound LY-181984. Replacement of the ureido moiety of the lead compound with hydroxyguanidine provided a stable cytotoxic agent. The conformation of sulfonyl-N-hydroxyguanidine derivatives, such as N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N‘-[(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]-N‘‘-hydroxyguanidine (4g), investigated utilizing HMBC NMR, theoretical calculations, and X-ray crystallography, indicated stacking of the two aromatic rings. The derivatives were evaluated for in vitro cytoxicity against five human tumor cell lines, including HepG2, TSGH 8302, COLO 205, KB, and MOLT-4. The cytotoxic activities of the derived compounds against the human tumor cell lines were equal to or greater than that of the lead compound. N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N‘-[[3,5-dichloro-4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]-N‘‘-hydroxyguanidine (4n) and N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N‘-[[3,5-dichloro-4-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]-N‘‘-hydroxyguanidine (4o) exhibited the greatest growth inhibition of solid tumor cell lines. Compound 4o was found to possess antitumor activity against murine K1735/M2 melanoma xenografts.
Video verification of point of sale transactions (2007)

Loss prevention is a significant challenge in retail enterprises. A significant percentage of this loss occurs at point of sale (POS) terminals. POS data mining tools known collectively as exception based reporting (EBR) are helping retailers, but they have limitations as they can only work statistically on trends and anomalies in digital POS data. By applying video analytics techniques to POS transactions, it is possible to detect fraudulent or anomalous activity at the level of individual transactions. Very specific fraudulent behaviors that cannot be detected via POS data alone become clear when combined with video-derived data. ObjectVideo, a provider of intelligent video software, has produced a system called RetailWatch that combines POS information with video data to create a unique loss prevention tool. This paper describes the system architecture, algorithmic approach, and capabilities of the system, together with a customer case-study illustrating the results and effectiveness of the system.
Pharmacodynamics of asfotase alfa in adults with pediatric-onset hypophosphatasia (2020)

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02797821.
High-performance flexible perovskite solar cells exploiting Zn2SnO4 prepared in solution below 100 °C (2015)

Fabricating inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on plastic substrates broadens their scope for implementation in real systems by imparting portability, conformability and allowing high-throughput production, which is necessary for lowering costs. Here we report a new route to prepare highly dispersed Zn2SnO4 (ZSO) nanoparticles at low-temperature (<100 °C) for the development of high-performance flexible PSCs. The introduction of the ZSO film significantly improves transmittance of flexible polyethylene naphthalate/indium-doped tin oxide (PEN/ITO)-coated substrate from ∼75 to ∼90% over the entire range of wavelengths. The best performing flexible PSC, based on the ZSO and CH3NH3PbI3 layer, exhibits steady-state power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.85% under AM 1.5G 100 mW·cm(-2) illumination. This renders ZSO a promising candidate as electron-conducting electrode for the highly efficient flexible PSC applications.
Superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>PrBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1998)

${\mathrm{PrBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ grown by the traveling-solvent floating-zone method shows a large inhomogeneity both in structural and physical properties, such as lattice parameters and transport and magnetic properties. Some parts of this sample exhibit bulk superconductivity. The c-axis lattice constant is longer than that of nonsuperconducting samples grown by the flux method. However, the magnetic susceptibility of the superconducting sample suggests the valence of Pr is $+3$. The superconducting transition temperature exceeds 100 K under a pressure over 8 GPa and still has a potential to increase.
Ground moving target indication using knowledge based space time adaptive processing (2002)

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques promise to offer the best means to detect weak targets in severe dynamic interference scenarios. Traditionally, STAP techniques were developed for the detection of low RCS, high velocity airborne targets, well removed from main-beam clutter in Doppler. STAP algorithms are only now being used for ground moving target indication (GMTI) from an airborne reconnaissance platform. We present a practical approach to STAP incorporating three components: nonhomogeneity detection, statistical processing of measured data, and hybrid processing. This combined approach ties together previous research in different aspects of STAP into one algorithm. The algorithm is tested using measured data from the Multi-Channel Airborne Radar Measurements program with particular interest in ground moving target detection.
Using LSTM Encoder-Decoder Algorithm for Detecting Anomalous ADS-B\n Messages (2017)

Although the ADS-B system is going to play a major role in the safe\nnavigation of airplanes and air traffic control (ATC) management, it is also\nwell known for its lack of security mechanisms. Previous research has proposed\nvarious methods for improving the security of the ADS-B system and mitigating\nassociated risks. However, these solutions typically require the use of\nadditional participating nodes (or sensors) (e.g., to verify the location of\nthe airplane by analyzing the physical signal) or modification of the current\nprotocol architecture (e.g., adding encryption or authentication mechanisms.)\nDue to the regulation process regarding avionic systems and the fact that the\nADS-B system is already deployed in most airplanes, applying such modifications\nto the current protocol at this stage is impractical. In this paper we propose\nan alternative security solution for detecting anomalous ADS-B messages aimed\nat the detection of spoofed or manipulated ADS- B messages sent by an attacker\nor compromised airplane. The proposed approach utilizes an LSTM encoder-decoder\nalgorithm for modeling flight routes by analyzing sequences of legitimate ADS-B\nmessages. Using these models, aircraft can autonomously evaluate received ADS-B\nmessages and identify deviations from the legitimate flight path (i.e.,\nanomalies). We examined our approach on six different flight route datasets to\nwhich we injected different types of anomalies. Using our approach we were able\nto detect all of the injected attacks with an average false alarm rate of 4.3%\nfor all of datasets.\n
Compressive Mining: Fast and Optimal Data Mining in the Compressed\n Domain (2014)

Real-world data typically contain repeated and periodic patterns. This\nsuggests that they can be effectively represented and compressed using only a\nfew coefficients of an appropriate basis (e.g., Fourier, Wavelets, etc.).\nHowever, distance estimation when the data are represented using different sets\nof coefficients is still a largely unexplored area. This work studies the\noptimization problems related to obtaining the \\emph{tightest} lower/upper\nbound on Euclidean distances when each data object is potentially compressed\nusing a different set of orthonormal coefficients. Our technique leads to\ntighter distance estimates, which translates into more accurate search,\nlearning and mining operations \\textit{directly} in the compressed domain.\n We formulate the problem of estimating lower/upper distance bounds as an\noptimization problem. We establish the properties of optimal solutions, and\nleverage the theoretical analysis to develop a fast algorithm to obtain an\n\\emph{exact} solution to the problem. The suggested solution provides the\ntightest estimation of the $L_2$-norm or the correlation. We show that typical\ndata-analysis operations, such as k-NN search or k-Means clustering, can\noperate more accurately using the proposed compression and distance\nreconstruction technique. We compare it with many other prevalent compression\nand reconstruction techniques, including random projections and PCA-based\ntechniques. We highlight a surprising result, namely that when the data are\nhighly sparse in some basis, our technique may even outperform PCA-based\ncompression.\n The contributions of this work are generic as our methodology is applicable\nto any sequential or high-dimensional data as well as to any orthogonal data\ntransformation used for the underlying data compression scheme.\n
The Differential Requirement for Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activities Distinguishes Two Functions of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0 (2003)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP0 directs the degradation of cellular proteins associated with nuclear structures called ND10, a function thought to be closely associated with its broad transactivating activity. Roscovitine (Rosco), an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), inhibits the replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by inhibiting specific steps or activities of viral regulatory proteins, indicating the broad and pleiotropic effects that cdks have on the replication of these viruses. We previously demonstrated that Rosco inhibits the transactivating activity of ICP0. In the present study, we asked whether Rosco also affects the ability of ICP0 to direct the degradation of ND10-associated proteins. For this purpose, WI-38 cells treated with cycloheximide (CHX) were mock infected or infected with wild-type HSV-1 or an ICP0(-) mutant (7134). After release from the CHX block, the infections were allowed to proceed for 2 h in the presence or absence of Rosco at a concentration known to inhibit ICP0's transactivating activity. The cells were then examined for the presence of ICP0 and selected ND10-associated antigens (promyelocytic leukemia antigen [PML], sp100, hDaxx, and NDP55) by immunofluorescence. Staining for the ND10-associated antigens was detected in </=20% of KOS-infected cells in the presence or absence of Rosco, demonstrating that Rosco-sensitive kinases are not required for ICP0's ability to direct the dispersal or degradation of these antigens. In contrast, >90% of 7134- and mock-infected cells stained positive for all ND10-associated antigens in the presence or absence of Rosco. Similar results were obtained with a non-ND10-associated antigen, DNA-PK(cs), a known target of ICP0-directed degradation. The results of the PML and DNA-PK(cs) immunofluorescence studies correlated with a decrease in the levels of these proteins as determined by Western blotting. Thus, the differential requirement for Rosco-sensitive cdk activities distinguishes ICP0's ability to direct the dispersal or degradation of cellular proteins from its transactivating activity.
Interaction of calcineurin with a domain of the transcription factor NFAT1 that controls nuclear import. (1996)

The nuclear import of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-family transcription factors is initiated by the protein phosphatase calcineurin. Here we identify a regulatory region of NFAT1, N terminal to the DNA-binding domain, that controls nuclear import of NFAT1. The regulatory region of NFAT1 binds directly to calcineurin, is a substrate for calcineurin in vitro, and shows regulated subcellular localization identical to that of full-length NFAT1. The corresponding region of NFATc likewise binds calcineurin, suggesting that the efficient activation of NFAT1 and NFATc by calcineurin reflects a specific targeting of the phosphatase to these proteins. The presence in other NFAT-family transcription factors of several sequence motifs from the regulatory region of NFAT1, including its probable nuclear localization sequence, indicates that a conserved protein domain may control nuclear import of all NFAT proteins.
Humanisation of a claudin-1-specific monoclonal antibody for clinical prevention and cure of HCV infection without escape (2017)

Overall, these findings underscore the clinical potential of CLDN1-targeted therapies and describe the functional characterisation of a humanised anti-CLDN1 antibody suitable for further clinical development to complement existing therapeutic strategies for HCV.
LDPC-Based Iterative Joint Source-Channel Decoding for JPEG2000 (2007)

A framework is proposed for iterative joint source-channel decoding of JPEG2000 codestreams. At the encoder, JPEG2000 is used to perform source coding with certain error-resilience (ER) modes, and LDPC codes are used to perform channel coding. During decoding, the source decoder uses the ER modes to identify corrupt sections of the codestream and provides this information to the channel decoder. Decoding is carried out jointly in an iterative fashion. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method requires fewer iterations and improves overall system performance.
Detection of sentence accents in a speech recognition system. (1996)

Speech recognition systems do not usually utilize prosodic information, i.e., information signaled by segmental duration and the fundamental frequency contour of the speech signal. The acoustic manifestation of prosody is, more often than not, considered as a disturbance in current statistical approaches to the speech recognition problem. The detection and transformation of sentence accent in, e.g., spoken language translation systems, will enable stress on a certain word in one language to be transformed into a suitable representation of corresponding constituents in the other language and satisfy the same semantic goal. In this study, a system for automatic detection of sentence accents to be used in speech recognition systems, is presented. The fundamental frequency is extracted from the speech signal and an estimated frequency declination is subtracted from the actual fundamental frequency in order to give a normalized representation of the variations. These fundamental frequency variations are given in musical intervals. The interpretations of sentence accents are carried out from this normalized manifestation of the fundamental frequency. Both the system architecture and some preliminary results will be shown.
HANS: Controlling Ink-Jet Print Attributes Via Neugebauer Primary Area Coverages (2011)

Ink-jet print attributes such as color gamut, grain, and cost are consequences of the materials and printing technology used and of choices made during color management, color separation, and halftoning operation. Traditionally, color separation determines what amounts of the available inks to use for each reproducible color, and halftoning deals with the spatial distribution of inks that also results in the nature of their overprinting. However, using an ink space as a means of communication between color separation and halftoning gives access only to some of the printed patterns that a printing system is capable of and, therefore, only to a reduced range of print attributes. Here, a method, i.e., Halftone Area Neugebauer Separation, is proposed to gain access to all possible printable patterns by specifying relative area coverages of a printing system's Neugebauer primaries instead of only ink amounts. This results in delivering prints with more optimal attributes (e.g., using less ink and giving rise to a larger color gamut) than is possible using current methods.
Selecting Representative Models from a Large Set of Models (2013)

Abstract In order to make the field development decision making and planning process tractable, the decision-makers usually need a few representative models (for example, P10, P50, P90 models) selected from a large ensemble of reservoir models. This ensemble of models may have been obtained from a static and/or dynamic modeling process involving uncertainty quantification (ED), history matching, optimization or other workflows. The usual approach to select a few models is using various variants of clustering. This selection process is not only suboptimal, but it could also be quite difficult to do if multiple output responses and/or percentiles are required and the number of models is large. The current approach in most oil companies is even more naïve, wherein, such models are chosen manually or using Excel spreadsheets. Thus, due to the unavailability of good approaches, representative models are usually chosen based on one or two criteria. Use of such models in the decision making process can lead to sub-optimal decisions. As such, there is a need to automatically select a small set of statistically representative models from a larger set based on multiple decision criteria. We propose a new model selection approach, namely minimax approach, which can simultaneously and efficiently select a few reservoir models from a large ensemble of models by matching target percentiles of multiple output responses (for example, matching P10, P50 and P90 of OPC, WPC and OOIP), while also obtaining maximally different models in the input uncertainty space. The approach requires the simultaneous solution of two minimax combinatorial optimization problems. Since this requires the solution a complex multi-objective optimization problem, we instead convert the problem to the solution of a single constrained minimax optimization problem. We propose the solution of this optimization problem using a global exhaustive search (for small problems), and a very efficient greedy method wherein a simpler optimization problem can be solved directly by enumeration or by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for larger problems with many models, target percentiles and variables. The new approach is implemented in Chevron’s in-house uncertainty quantification software called genOpt and tested with multiple synthetic examples and field cases. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is much more efficient than clustering and solution quality is generally better than clustering. For some models, minimax was orders of magnitude faster than clustering. The new approach could help business units select P10, P50 and P90 models efficiently for decision making and planning.
Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy (2010)

Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications. We present a review of a subset of the research and development activities in digital holography, with emphasis on microscopy techniques and applications. First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is given, including quantitative phase microscopy. Several numerical diffraction methods are described and compared, and a number of representative configurations used in digital holography are described, including off-axis Fresnel, Fourier, image plane, in-line, Gabor, and phase-shifting digital holographies. Then we survey numerical techniques that give rise to unique capabilities of digital holography, including suppression of dc and twin image terms, pixel resolution control, optical phase unwrapping, aberration compensation, and others. A survey is also given of representative application areas, including biomedical microscopy, particle field holography, micrometrology, and holographic tomography, as well as some of the special techniques, such as holography of total internal reflection, optical scanning holography, digital interference holography, and heterodyne holography. The review is intended for students and new researchers interested in developing new techniques and exploring new applications of digital holography.