gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tumour suppressor and chromatin‐remodelling factor BRG1 antagonizes Myc activity and promotes cell differentiation in human cancer (2012)

BRG1, a member of the SWI/SNF complex, is mutated in cancer, but it is unclear how it promotes tumourigenesis. We report that re-expression of BRG1 in lung cancer cells up-regulates lung-specific transcripts, restoring the gene expression signature of normal lung. Using cell lines from several cancer types we found that those lacking BRG1 do not respond to retinoic acid (RA) or glucocorticoids (GC), while restoration of BRG1 restores sensitivity. Conversely, in SH-SY5Y cells, a paradigm of RA-dependent differentiation, abrogation of BRG1 prevented the response to RA. Further, our data suggest an antagonistic functional connection between BRG1 and MYC, whereby, refractoriness to RA and GC by BRG1 inactivation involves deregulation of MYC activity. Mechanistically, some of these effects are mediated by BRG1 binding to MYC and MYC-target promoters. The BRG1-MYC antagonism was also evident in primary tumours. Finally, BRG1 restoration significantly dampened invasion and progression and decreased MYC in lung cancer cells orthotopically implanted in nude mice. Thus, BRG1 inactivation enables cancer cells to sustain undifferentiated gene expression programs and prevent its response to environmental stimuli.
Aspects of the Role of Lignin Additives in Pasted Lead Electrodes (1977)

The effect of the cations of lignosulfonate salts on the physical and electrochemical characteristics of pasted‐type lead electrodes has been studied. The cations studied were H+, Na+, , Zn++, Ca++, and Ba++. The lignosulfonate anion concentration was held constant by maintaining constant u.v. absorption at 280 mμ wavelengths. The cations affected the hydrogen evolution potential at the end of formation and at the onset of passivation potential, and they affected the capacity retentive characteristics during cycling. Of all the lignosulfonates tested, the sodium salt imparted the best capacity retentive characteristics.
Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generation (2021)

We show that cascaded diffusion models are capable of generating high fidelity images on the class-conditional ImageNet generation benchmark, without any assistance from auxiliary image classifiers to boost sample quality. A cascaded diffusion model comprises a pipeline of multiple diffusion models that generate images of increasing resolution, beginning with a standard diffusion model at the lowest resolution, followed by one or more super-resolution diffusion models that successively upsample the image and add higher resolution details. We find that the sample quality of a cascading pipeline relies crucially on conditioning augmentation, our proposed method of data augmentation of the lower resolution conditioning inputs to the super-resolution models. Our experiments show that conditioning augmentation prevents compounding error during sampling in a cascaded model, helping us to train cascading pipelines achieving FID scores of 1.48 at 64x64, 3.52 at 128x128 and 4.88 at 256x256 resolutions, outperforming BigGAN-deep, and classification accuracy scores of 63.02% (top-1) and 84.06% (top-5) at 256x256, outperforming VQ-VAE-2.
UN Arrangements for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security: The Situation in 1994 (1995)

For many people, including President Bush, the experience of the United Nations in the Gulf represented a transition from a period of relative ineffectiveness in the area of international security to one of solid achievement. The success in the Gulf should not be underestimated, but a sober assessment of the use made of the United Nations by the great Powers revealed some grounds for concern. The expectations of a New World Order were quickly disappointed, and with the events in Somalia, ex-Yugoslavia and many other places, there was a rapid swing back to a mood of disillusionment with the United Nations. Nevertheless, with the fiftieth anniversary of the UN upon us, there is a multiplication of efforts to find a new way fore-ward.KeywordsSecurity CouncilRegional OrganisationWorld OrganisationInternational PeaceKhmer RougeThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Analysis of print news media framing of ketamine treatment in the United States and Canada from 2000 to 2015 (2017)

Our review found consistent positive changes in the portrayals of ketamine by the print news media as a therapeutic antidepressant that mirror the recent scientific publications. These changes in news media reporting might influence the popularity of ketamine use to treat clinical depression. Guidance is required for journalists on objective reporting of medical research findings, including limitations of current research evidence and potential risks of ketamine.
Mosby's Medical Dictionary (1993)

Mosby's medical dictionary , Mosby's medical dictionary , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Different Approaches to Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block (2015)

Given the fast development and increasing clinical relevance of ultrasound guidance for thoracic paravertebral blockade, this review article strives (1) to provide comprehensive information on thoracic paravertebral space anatomy, tailored to the needs of a regional anesthesia practitioner, (2) to interpret ultrasound images of the thoracic paravertebral space using cross-sectional anatomical images that are matched in location and plane, and (3) to briefly describe and discuss different ultrasound-guided approaches to thoracic paravertebral blockade. To illustrate the pertinent anatomy, high-resolution photographs of anatomical cross-sections are used. By using voxel anatomy, it is possible to visualize the needle pathway of different approaches in the same human specimen. This offers a unique presentation of this complex anatomical region and is inherently more realistic than anatomical drawings.
Properties of a Small Basic Peptide from Pumpkin Seeds (1988)

A small basic peptide with an unusual amino acid composition has been isolated from the seeds of pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima. Amino acid analysis and sequence data show the protein to be about 36 residues in length, with an approximate composition Lys(1), Arg(14), Asp(3), (Glu + Gln)(15), Gly(1), Pro(1), Trp(1). On the basis of composition, the molecular weight is approximately 5000 daltons and the nitrogen content by weight is 20.4%. Twelve amino acids are entirely lacking. The peptide is slightly toxic to mouse B-16 melanoma cells, but its in vivo function is unknown. It does not appear to be derived from cucurbitin, the pumpkin storage globulin; however, it could be a storage peptide involved in nitrogen mobilization during the early stages of germination.
A rapid flow cytometry assay for the relative quantification of protein encapsulation into bacterial microcompartments (2013)

Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are protein-based organelles that have been suggested as scaffolds for creating in vivo nanobioreactors. One of the key steps towards engineering MCPs is to understand and maximize the encapsulation of enzymes into the lumen of the MCP. However, there are currently no high-throughput methods for investigating protein encapsulation. Here, we describe the development of a rapid in vivo assay for quantifying the relative amount of protein encapsulated within MCPs based on fluorescence. In this assay, we fuse a degradation peptide to a MCP-targeted fluorescence reporter and use flow cytometry to measure overall fluorescence from the encapsulated, protected reporter protein. Using this assay, we characterized various MCP-targeting signal sequence mutants for their ability to encapsulate proteins and identified mutants that encapsulate a greater amount of protein than the wild type signal sequence. This assay is a powerful tool for reporting protein encapsulation and is an important step towards encapsulating metabolic enzymes into MCPs for synthetic biochemical pathways.
A MOSAIC OF PEOPLE: THE JEWISH STORY AND A REASSESSMENT OF THE DNA EVIDENCE (2005)

The Jewish community has been the focus of extensive genetic study over the past decade in an attempt to better understand the origins of this group. In particular, those descended from Northwestern and Eastern European Jewish groups, known as “Ashkenazim, ” have been the subject of numerous DNA studies examining both the Y chromosome and mitochondrial genetic evidence. The focus of the present study is to analyze and reassess Ashkenazi results obtained by DNA researchers and synthesize them into a coherent picture of Jewish genetics, interweaving historical evidence in order to obtain a more accurate depiction of the complex genetic history of this group. Many of the DNA studies on Ashkenazim fail to adequately address the complexity of the genetic evidence, in particular, the significant genetic contribution of European and Central Asian peoples in the makeup of the contemporary Ashkenazi population. One important contribution to Ashkenazi DNA appears to have originated with the Khazars, an ancient people of probable Central Asian stock that lived in southern Russia during the 8th-12th centuries CE. Significant inflow of genes from European host populations over the centuries is also supported by the DNA evidence. The present study analyzes not only the Middle Eastern component of Ashkenazi ancestry, but also the genetic contribution from European and Central Asian sources that appear to have had an important impact on Ashkenazi ancestry.
A Novel Secure and Efficient Data Aggregation Scheme for IoT (2018)

We define the following problem termed n × 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer (n × 1-out-of-n OT): in a system with one server and n clients, how to securely and efficiently assign n secrets to n clients by the server, with each client getting a unique secret from the server, and the server and clients remain unknown of how the secrets are distributed? This is a novel problem that is fundamentally different than 1-out-of-n OT repeated n times, and is different than k-out-of-n OT as well. Nevertheless, the proposed OT has many practical applications such as privacy-preserving data aggregation in smart grids. It can also be employed to design crypto protocols for anonymous communications and group signatures. In this paper, we propose the first algorithm to efficiently and effectively implement the n × 1-out-of-n OT. We construct hidden permutation circuits to obliviously assign n secrets to n clients by the server within O(lg(n)) time. A rigorous theoretical analysis is also carried out to investigate the security strength and performance of the protocol.
Parallelization of automotive engine control software on embedded multi-core processor using OSCAR compiler (2013)

The next-generation automobiles are required to be more safe, comfortable and energy-efficient. These requirements can be realized by integrated control systems with enhanced electric control units, or real-time control system such as engine control and enhanced information system such as human and other cars recognition, navigations considering traffic conditions including the occasions of natural disasters. For example, sophisticating engine control algorithms requires performance enhancement of microprocessors to satisfy real-time constraints. Use of multi-core processors is a promising approach to realize the next-generation automobiles integrated control system. In terms of multi-core processors in the automotive control, the previous works include improvements of reliability by performing redundant calculation [1] and improvements of throughput by functional distribution [2] rather than improvement of response time, or performance by parallel processing. To the best of our knowledge, parallel processing of the automotive control software to reduce response time has not been succeeded on multi-core processors because the program consists of conditional branches and small basic blocks. On the other hand, this paper is the first paper has successfully parallelized the practical automotive engine control software using automatic multigrain parallelizing compiler, or the OSCAR Compiler has been developed by the authors for more than 25 years. The OSCAR compiler parallelizes automotive programs by utilizing coarse grain task parallelism with newly developed parallelism enhanced methods like the branch duplication instead of loop parallelism. Performance of the hand-written engine control programs provided by Toyota Motor Corp. on the RP-X having eight SH4A processor cores developed by Renesas, Hitachi, Tokyo Institute of technology and Waseda University is evaluated. The evaluation shows speedups of 1.54 times with 2 processor cores compared with the case of an ordinary sequential execution.
Characterization of genes for an alternative nitrogenase in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis (1993)

Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 is a heterotrophic, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium that has been reported to fix nitrogen and reduce acetylene to ethane in the absence of molybdenum. DNA from this strain hybridized well at low stringency to the nitrogenase 2 (vnfDGK) genes of Azotobacter vinelandii. The hybridizing region was cloned from a lambda EMBL3 genomic library of A. variabilis, mapped, and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of the vnfD and vnfK genes of A. variabilis showed only about 56% similarity to the nifDK genes of Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 but were 76 to 86% similar to the anfDK or vnfDK genes of A. vinelandii. The organization of the vnf gene cluster in A. variabilis was similar to that of A. vinelandii. However, in A. variabilis, the vnfG gene was fused to vnfD; hence, this gene is designated vnfDG. A vnfH gene was not contiguous with the vnfDG gene and has not yet been identified. A mutant strain, in which a neomycin resistance cassette was inserted into the vnf cluster, grew well in a medium lacking a source of fixed nitrogen in the presence of molybdenum but grew poorly when vanadium replaced molybdenum. In contrast, the parent strain grew equally well in media containing either molybdenum or vanadium. The vnf genes were transcribed in the absence of molybdenum, with or without vanadium. The vnf gene cluster did not hybridize to chromosomal DNA from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 or from the heterotrophic strains, Nostoc sp. strain Mac and Nostoc sp. strain ATCC 29150. A hybridizing ClaI fragment very similar in size to the A. variabilis ClaI fragment was present in DNA isolated from several independent, cultured isolates of Anabaena sp. from the Azolla symbiosis.
Enzymatic Modification of Lipid A by ArnT Protects Bordetella bronchiseptica against Cationic Peptides and Is Required for Transmission (2013)

Pathogen transmission cycles require many steps: initial colonization, growth and persistence, shedding, and transmission to new hosts. Alterations in the membrane components of the bacteria, including lipid A, the membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide, could affect any of these steps via its structural role protecting bacteria from host innate immune defenses, including antimicrobial peptides and signaling through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To date, lipid A has been shown to affect only the within-host dynamics of infection, not the between-host dynamics of transmission. Here, we investigate the effects of lipid A modification in a mouse infection and transmission model. Disruption of the Bordetella bronchiseptica locus (BB4268) revealed that ArnT is required for addition of glucosamine (GlcN) to B. bronchiseptica lipid A. ArnT modification of lipid A did not change its TLR4 agonist activity in J774 cells, but deleting arnT decreased resistance to killing by cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as polymyxin B and β-defensins. In the standard infection model, mutation of arnT did not affect B. bronchiseptica colonization, growth, persistence throughout the respiratory tract, recruitment of neutrophils to the nasal cavity, or shedding of the pathogen. However, the number of bacteria necessary to colonize a host (50% infective dose [ID50]) was 5-fold higher for the arnT mutant. Furthermore, the arnT mutant was defective in transmission between hosts. These results reveal novel functions of the ArnT lipid A modification and highlight the sensitivity of low-dose infections and transmission experiments for illuminating aspects of infectious diseases between hosts. Factors such as ArnT can have important effects on the burden of disease and are potential targets for interventions that can interrupt transmission.
Lovastatin‐induced apoptosis is mediated by activating transcription factor 3 and enhanced in combination with salubrinal (2013)

We have previously demonstrated the ability of lovastatin, a potent inhibitor of mevalonate synthesis, to induce tumor-specific apoptosis. The apoptotic effects of lovastatin were regulated in part by the integrated stress response (ISR) that regulates cellular responses to a wide variety of stress inducers. A key regulator of the ISR apoptotic response is activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and its target gene CHOP/GADD153. In our study, we demonstrate that in multiple lovastatin-resistant clones of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC9, lovastatin treatment (1-25 μM, 24 hr) in contrast to the parental line failed to significantly induce ATF3 expression. Furthermore, the SCC-derived cell lines SCC25 and HeLa that are sensitive to lovastatin-induced apoptosis also preferentially induce ATF3 expression compared to resistant breast (MCF-7) and prostate carcinoma (PC3)-derived cell lines. In HeLa cells shRNA targeting ATF3 expression as well as in ATF3-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts, lovastatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis were attenuated. In ex vivo HNSCC tumors, lovastatin also induced ATF3 mRNA expression in two of four tumors evaluated. Salubrinal, an agent that can sustain the activity of a key regulator of the ISR eIF2α, further increased the expression of ATF3 and demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with lovastatin in SCC cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate preferential induction of ATF3 in lovastatin-sensitive tumor-derived cell lines that regulate lovastatin-induced apoptosis. Importantly, combining lovastatin with salubrinal enhanced ATF3 expression and induced synergistic cytotoxicity in SCC cells.
Synergistic biofilm formation by<i>Treponema denticola</i>and<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2005)

Biofilm formation is an important step in the etiology of periodontal diseases. In this study, in vitro biofilm formation by Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 displayed synergistic effects. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that P. gingivalis attaches to the substratum first as a primary colonizer followed by coaggregation with T. denticola to form a mixed biofilm. The T. denticola flagella mutant as well as the cytoplasmic filament mutant were shown to be essential for biofilm formation as well as coaggregation with P. gingivalis. The major fimbriae and Arg-gingipain B of P. gingivalis also play important roles in biofilm formation with T. denticola.
Growth of Si nanocrystals on alumina and integration in memory devices (2003)

We present a detailed study of the growth of Si quantum dots (Si QDs) by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on alumina dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition. The Si QDs density is very high, 1012 cm−2, for a mean diameter between 5 and 10 nm. Al2O3/Si QD stacks have been integrated in memory devices as granular floating gate. The devices demonstrate good charge storage and data retention characteristics.
3‐D numerical simulations of nonisothermal flow in co‐rotating twin screw extruders (2000)

Abstract Three‐dimensional nonisothermal flow simulations in the kneading disc regions of co‐rotating twin screw extruders were performed using a finite element method. The standard Galerkin method and penalty function scheme were applied to the flow field. The streamline‐upwind/Petrov‐Galerkin scheme was used in the temperature field to reduce numerical oscillation. The simulations were carried out under the operational conditions of The Japan Steel Works TEX30 machine for various rotational speeds. The configuration was ten 2‐lobe kneading discs with a 90° stagger angle. Experimental observations were also performed to validate the numerical simulations under the same operational conditions. The pressure in front of the tip in the rotation direction was higher than behind the tip, and the region behind the tip sometimes had a negative value. Since variation of the pressure gradient in the axial direction causes forward and backward flows in the disc gap regions, the disc gap regions play an important role for mixing. The temperature becomes higher with increasing rotation speed due to high viscous dissipation. A high temperature was observed on the disc surface, in the disc gap, and in the intermeshing regions. The numerical results of pressure profiles with the rotation and the temperature in the axial direction were in good agreement with the experimental observations.
<title>In-situ spectral ellipsometry for real-time thickness measurement and control</title> (1993)

A polarization modulated spectroscopic ellipsometer (SE) is used in situ to measure the thicknesses of films in real time during processing. These thicknesses are used for adaptive control during single-wafer processing. Using the speed of phase modulation, multichannel detection, and digital signal processing techniques, this ellipsometer is capable of acquiring spectra in less than 75 ms. Efficient algorithms were developed for determining layer parameters (thicknesses and composition) from the measured spectra of multilayer film stacks in one second or less. The measured thicknesses and etch rates are used to anticipate interfaces in multiple layer stacks and control process end points. A repeatability gauge study was performed using this in situ SE and a commercial single-wavelength ellipsometer (SWE) on thermally grown silicon dioxide on silicon wafers. Data was obtained on each instrument over an oxide thickness range from 60 to 250 angstroms. The total repeatability for the in situ SE measurements was 0.26 angstroms (1.6 angstroms 6-sigma) over this thickness range.