gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Architectures for Volume Rendering (1995)

Abstract Volume rendering is a key technique in scientific visualization that lends itself to significant exploitable parallelism. The high computational demands of real‐time volume rendering and continued technological advances in the area of VLSl give impetus to the development of special‐purpose volume rendering architectures. This paper presents and characterizes three recently developed volume rendering engines which are based on the ray‐casting method. A taxonomy of the algorithmic variants of ray‐casting and details of each ray‐casting architecture are discussed. The paper then compares the machinefeatures and provides an outlook onfuture developments in the area of volume rendering hardware.
An Integrative Approach to Inform Optimal Administration of OX40 Agonist Antibodies in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2019)

Our results highlight the value of an integrated translational approach applied during early clinical development to aggregate preclinical and clinical data in an effort to define the optimal dose and schedule for T-cell agonists in the clinic.
Growths of InGaN Quantum Wells Light-Emitting Diodes on Nano-Patterned AGOG Sapphire Substrate Using Abbreviated Growth Mode (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Ee, J. Biser, W. Cao, H. M. Chan, R. P. Vinci, and N. Tansu, "Growths of InGaN Quantum Wells Light-Emitting Diodes on Nano-Patterned AGOG Sapphire Substrate Using Abbreviated Growth Mode," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2009), paper CTuF2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Isolation of sulfite reductase variants of a commercial wine yeast with significantly reduced hydrogen sulfide production (2009)

The production of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) during fermentation is a common and significant problem in the global wine industry as it imparts undesirable off-flavors at low concentrations. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a crucial role in the production of volatile sulfur compounds in wine. In this respect, H(2)S is a necessary intermediate in the assimilation of sulfur by yeast through the sulfate reduction sequence with the key enzyme being sulfite reductase. In this study, we used a classical mutagenesis method to develop and isolate a series of strains, derived from a commercial diploid wine yeast (PDM), which showed a drastic reduction in H(2)S production in both synthetic and grape juice fermentations. Specific mutations in the MET10 and MET5 genes, which encode the catalytic alpha- and beta-subunits of the sulfite reductase enzyme, respectively, were identified in six of the isolated strains. Fermentations with these strains indicated that, in comparison with the parent strain, H(2)S production was reduced by 50-99%, depending on the strain. Further analysis of the wines made with the selected strains indicated that basic chemical parameters were similar to the parent strain except for total sulfite production, which was much higher in some of the mutant strains.
Principles and Applications of GFT Projection NMR Spectroscopy (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<title>Si-based photonic crystals and photonic bandgap waveguides</title> (2002)

We experimentally demonstrate the structural tuning of the waveguiding modes of line defects in photonic crystal slabs. By tuning the defect widths, we realized efficient single-mode waveguides that operate within photonic band gap frequencies in SOI photonic crystal slabs. The observed waveguiding characteristics agree very well with 3D finite- difference time-domain calculations. The propagation loss of the line defect waveguides is experimentally determined to be 6 dB/mm. In addition, we measure group velocity dispersion of line defects by using Fabry-Perot resonance of the sample. Extremely large group dispersion is observed, and the traveling speed of light is reduced down to 1/100 of the light velocity in air.
Highly reliable guardring-free InAlAs avalanche photodiodes (2008)

The InAlAs avalanche photodiodes that employ a guardring-free structure demonstrate record high reliability of over 10000 hours at a high temperature of 200degC with no degradation in the surfaced pn-junction.
Improving personalized web search using result diversification (2006)

We present and evaluate methods for diversifying search results to improve personalized web search. A common personalization approach involves reranking the top N search results such that documents likely to be preferred by the user are presented higher. The usefulness of reranking is limited in part by the number and diversity of results considered. We propose three methods to increase the diversity of the top results and evaluate the effectiveness of these methods.
Holographic circle-to-point converter with particular applications for lidar work (1997)

A holographic optical element is developed that functions as a circle-to-point converter. The holographic plate looks like a zone plate but functions like a collection of field lenses. Each annulus of the holo- graphic plate acts as a separate lens, imaging incident light to a point focus. The plate was developed for use with Fabry-Perot interferom- eters, but other applications are also possible. The plate has high throughput, and when coupled with high quantum efficiency solid state detectors provides an efficient photon-collecting detection system. De- velopment of the plate was driven by need for an efficient Doppler lidar detection system, and specific lidar applications are discussed. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)02508-7)
Stimulated cyclotron resonance scattering and production of powerful submillimeter radiation (1974)

Interaction of a high-frequency electromagnetic pump wave with a magnetized plasma is analyzed. Enhanced growth rates for parametric instability are found near cyclotron resonance. The result implies that tunable high-power submillimeter sources could be developed using intense relativistic electron beams.
A novel role for vitamin B12: Cobalamins are intracellular antioxidants in vitro (2009)

Oxidative stress is a feature of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Such diseases are associated with up-regulation of a vitamin B(12) (cobalamin) blood transport protein and its membrane receptor, suggesting a link between cobalamin and the cellular response to inflammation. The ability of cobalamin to regulate inflammatory cytokines suggests that it may have antioxidative properties. Here we show that cobalamins, including the novel thiolatocobalamins N-acetyl-l-cysteinylcobalamin and glutathionylcobalamin, are remarkably effective antioxidants in vitro. We also show that thiolatocobalamins have superior efficacy compared with other cobalamin forms, other cobalamins in combination with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH), and NAC or GSH alone. Pretreatment of Sk-Hep-1 cells with thiolatocobalamins afforded robust protection (>90% cell survival) against exposure to 30 microM concentrations of the pro-oxidants homocysteine and hydrogen peroxide. The compounds inhibited intracellular peroxide production, maintained intracellular glutathione levels, and prevented apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Moreover, thiolatocobalamins are remarkably nontoxic in vitro at supraphysiological concentrations (>2 mM). Our results demonstrate that thiolatocobalamins act as powerful but benign antioxidants at pharmacological concentrations. Because inflammatory oxidative stress is a component of many conditions, including atherosclerosis, dementia, and trauma, their utility in treating such disorders merits further investigation.
Measurement of Entangled States Before, During, and After a Proposed Entangled Two-Photon Molecular Excitation (2022)

Entangled photons are predicted to linearize and enhance the probability of multiphoton processes. We construct an interferometer to measure the quantum state before, during, and after an entangled excitation and distinguish it from one-photon processes. Comments and questions should be directed to the Optica Conference Papers staff (tel: +1 202.416.6191, e-mail: cstech@optica.org ).
Intensity-dependent photobleaching in thin polymer films by excimer laser: Lithographic implications (1984)

Strongly intensity-dependent photobleaching was observed in polymethyl methacrylate films doped with acridine and irradiated by a KrF laser. The transmission of low intensity pulses (&lt;2 MW/cm2) increased from &lt;0.01% to 60% as the intensity of a single prior bleaching pulse increased from 3 to 4 MW/cm2. The implications of this result for image enhancement in excimer laser projection photolithography are discussed: features in the region of 0.2–0.3 μm may be printable by such techniques.
Extragonadal synthesis of sex steroids: intracrinology. (2003)

All androgens and estrogens in post-menopausal women are synthesized locally in peripheral target tissues by tissue-specific steroidogenic enzymes according to the intracrine process. The importance of the intracrine or peripheral formation of sex steroids is illustrated by the success of aromatase inhibitors and antiestrogens in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. On the other hand, a large series of problems are associated with the deficiency of sex steroids accompanying menopause and the decreased secretion of DHEA, osteoporosis being the best defined example. In this context, an important observation is that women at menopause are not only deprived from ovarian estrogens but are also lacking androgens due to the marked decrease of DHEA. In order to achieve a more physiological and tissue-specific hormone replacement therapy, DHEA, in combination with a SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) having pure antiestrogenic activity in the mammary gland and uterus could possibly meet the most important needs of women at menopause, namely control of hot flushes and, most importantly, prevent breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer and osteoporosis with a potential improvement of cognitive functions and memory and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Functional or Operator Representation of Numerical Heat and Mass Transport Models (2005)

Abstract A numerical-computational procedure is described to determine a multidimensional functional or an operator for the representation of the computational results of a numerical transport code. The procedure is called numerical transport code functionalization (NTCF). Numerical transport codes represent a family of engineering software to solve, for example, heat conduction problems in solids using ANSYS (a multiphysics software package by ANSYS, Inc.), heat and moisture transport problems in porous media using NUFT (Non-equilibrium, Unsaturated-saturated Flows and Transport—porous-media transport code, developed by John Nitao at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), or laminar or turbulent flow and transport problems using FLUENT (a software package by Fluent, Inc.), a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model. The NTCF procedure is developed to determine a model for the representation of the code for a variety of time-dependent input functions. Coupled solution of multiphysics problems often require repeated, iterative calculations for the same model domain and with the same code, but with different boundary condition functions. The NTCF technique allows for reducing the number of runs with the original numerical code to the number of runs necessary for NTCF model identification. The NTCF procedure is applied for the solution of coupled heat and moisture transport problems at Yucca Mountain, NV. The NTCF method and the supporting software is a key element of MULTIFLUX (by University of Nevada, Reno), a coupled thermohydrologic-ventilation model and software. Numerical tests as well as applications for Yucca Mountain, NV are presented using both linear and nonlinear NTCF models. The performance of the NTCF method is demonstrated both in accuracy and modeling acceleration.
Pathways: Asynchronous Distributed Dataflow for ML (2022)

We present the design of a new large scale orchestration layer for accelerators. Our system, Pathways, is explicitly designed to enable exploration of new systems and ML research ideas, while retaining state of the art performance for current models. Pathways uses a sharded dataflow graph of asynchronous operators that consume and produce futures, and efficiently gang-schedules heterogeneous parallel computations on thousands of accelerators while coordinating data transfers over their dedicated interconnects. Pathways makes use of a novel asynchronous distributed dataflow design that lets the control plane execute in parallel despite dependencies in the data plane. This design, with careful engineering, allows Pathways to adopt a single-controller model that makes it easier to express complex new parallelism patterns. We demonstrate that Pathways can achieve performance parity (~100% accelerator utilization) with state-of-the-art systems when running SPMD computations over 2048 TPUs, while also delivering throughput comparable to the SPMD case for Transformer models that are pipelined across 16 stages, or sharded across two islands of accelerators connected over a data center network.
Molecular characterization of two <i>Brassica napus</i> genes related to oleosins which are highly expressed in the tapetum (1994)

Two highly homologous Brassica napus flower cDNA clones, Sta 41-2 and Sta 41-9, were isolated and characterized. These clones were shown to correspond to genes expressed in the tapetum from the early uninucleate microspore stage to the dinucleate stage. The predicted Sta 41-2 and Sta 41-9 proteins possessed characteristics similar to oleosins such as a polar N-terminal domain, a large relatively conserved hydrophobic domain and a long C-terminal domain which consisted of four different groups of repeats. In addition, like oleosins, the Sta 41-2 and Sta 41-9 proteins have a basic pI, lack a signal peptide and are found in a tissue which accumulates lipids in small lipid bodies.
An Adaptive Antenna for WLAN Operating in 5 GHz Frequency Bands (2004)

In this paper we introduce a design for an adaptive antenna suitable for communication systems operating in 5 GHz frequency bands. An important application of the adaptive antenna is in WLAN systems where compact and low cost adaptable antennas promise increases in capacity and coverage. The uniqueness of the design is that a wide variety of beam shapes can be electronically selected from a large set of possible patterns while maintaining compact size, low cost with reasonable efficiency and having independent dual diversity ports. The array design makes use of novel designs for the antenna element, feed network and phase shifters. The design is verified both through numerical simulations and also measurements of an experimental prototype and these confirm the good performance of the antenna system and suitability for use in WLAN systems.
Synergistic retrieval model of forest biomass using the integration of optical and microwave remote sensing (2015)

Accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass is crucial for monitoring ecosystem responses to environmental change. Passive optical and active microwave remote sensing plays an important role in retrieving the forest biomass. However, optical spectral reflectance gets saturated in the relatively high-density vegetation area and microwave backscattering is largely influenced by the soil underneath when the vegetation coverage is relatively low. Both of these conditions affect the biomass retrieval accuracy. A synergistic biomass retrieval model through the integration of optical (PROSAIL) and microwave (MIMICS) radiative transfer models was put forward. The proposed model unified the vegetation and soil conditions of PROSAIL and MIMICS models, and determined the optical-alone model, microwave-alone model, and the contributions of key optical and microwave factors to biomass retrieval with the simulated database. The database consisted of the optical bidirectional reflectance and full polarization microwave backscattering of the broad-leaved forest canopy under various conditions. The synergistic model was verified by comparing with the ground measurements and the results of the optical-alone and microwave-alone models. The results indicated that the proposed synergistic retrieval model was more effective than the optical-alone or microwave-alone model, and showed considerable potential in forest aboveground biomass retrieval by integrating passive optical and active microwave remote sensing.
Novel self-oscillating class E ballast for compact fluorescent lamps (2001)

A new, self-oscillating, class E ballast, well matched to low cost fluorescent lighting systems, is the focus of this paper. Precise analytical expressions are derived; valid for any duty ratio or circuit Q. This mathematical model is the basis for the design methodology. A qualitative analysis of the control system explains how the ballast operates from ignition to steady state. The transconductance of the switch provides the gain to initiate inverter oscillation. A simple technique of setting the duty ratio helps to match the avalanche voltage rating of the switch to the bus voltage. Current limiting prevents damage to the switch, during the initial turn-on. Experimental results validate the model.
Automatic test pattern generation for functional RTL circuits using assignment decision diagrams (2000)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for generating test patterns automatically from functional register transfer level (RTL) circuits that target detection of stuck-at faults in the circuit at the logic level. To do this we utilize a data structure named assignment decision diagram which has been proposed previously in the field of high level synthesis. The advent of RTL synthesis tools have made functional RTL designs widely popular. This paper addresses the problem of test pattern generation directly at this level due to a number of advantages inherent at the RTL. Since the number of primitive elements at the RTL is usually lesser than the logic level, the problem size is reduced leading to a reduction in the test generation time over logic-level ATPG. A reduction in the number of backtracks can lead to improved fault coverage and reduced test application time over logic-level techniques. The test patterns thus generated can also be used to perform RTL-RTL and RTL-logic validation. The algorithm is very versatile and can tackle almost any type of single-clock design though performance varies according to the design style. It gracefully degrades to an inefficient logic-level ATPG algorithm if it is applied to a logic-level circuit. Experimental results demonstrate that over 1000 times reduction in test generation time can be achieved by this algorithm on certain types of RTL circuits without any compromise in fault coverage.
DISTRIBUTED MVDR BEAMFORMING FOR (WIRELESS) MICROPHONE NETWORKS USING MESSAGE PASSING (2012)

In this paper we present a distributed algorithm for MVDR beam-forming which is based on message passing. The message-passing algorithm performs generalized linear-coordinate descent (GLiCD) operations to exchange messages between neighboring microphone nodes, which converges increasingly fast as the noise correlation ma-trix becomes more and more diagonal. The algorithm makes use of a trade-off parameter which controls the off-diagonal energy of the noise correlation matrix. For the case the noise correlation matrix is truly diagonal, the performance of the GLiCD algorithm is equiva-lent to that of the delay-and-sum beamformer (DSB). The algorithm does not require any constraint on the network topology, is fully scal-able and can exploit sparse network geometries, thereby making it suitable for distributed signal processing in large scale networks. Index Terms — beamforming, MVDR, message passing, GLiCD 1.
A low latency and low power dynamic Carry Save Adder (2004)

This paper presents a 4-to-2 Carry Save Adder (CSA) using dynamic logic and the Limited Switch Dynamic Logic (LSDL) circuit family. Adders are a crucial portion of all floating-point units, since they form the base element of all arithmetic functions. The 4-to-2 circuits reported previously do not meet the requirements of the next generation of processors. The adder presented here is built using a dynamic circuit style that improves performance significantly. Further a latching element after each dynamic evaluation node controls the power of the dynamic circuits. In this paper we project some of the salient features of the LSDL circuit family by comparing this 4-2 circuit with the most similar static implementation. Use of the LSDL circuit family displays significant improvement not only in terms of performance but also with respect to power dissipation, leakage and area.
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroperoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: An Approach to Enantiopure Peroxyhemiketals, Epoxides, and Aldols (2008)

Efficient, selective: The primary amine salt 1 derived from quinine efficiently catalyzes the highly enantioselective hydroperoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones furnishing stable and isolable cyclic peroxyhemiketals in enantiopure form. The versatility of the peroxyhemiketals was demonstrated with the syntheses of aldols and epoxides from α,β-unsaturated ketones and hydrogen peroxide (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z803238_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Measurement of ciliary beat frequency using ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (2016)

Ciliated epithelial cells populate up to 80% of the surface area of the human airway and are responsible for mucociliary transport, which is the key protective mechanism that provides the first line of defense in the respiratory tract. Cilia beat in a rhythmic pattern and may be easily affected by allergens, pollutants, and pathogens, altering ciliary beat frequency (CBF) subsequently. Diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and primary ciliary dyskinesia may also decrease CBF. CBF is therefore a critical component of respiratory health. The current clinical method of measuring CBF is phase-contrast microscopy, which involves a tissue biopsy obtained via brushing of the nasal cavity. While this method is minimally invasive, the tissue sample must be oriented to display its profile view, making the visualization of a single layer of cilia challenging. In addition, the conventional method requires subjective analysis of CBF, e.g., manually counting by visual inspection. On the contrary, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to study the retina in ophthalmology as well as vasculature in cardiology, and offers higher resolution than conventional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Based on this technology, our lab specifically developed an ultra-high resolution OCT system to image the microstructure of the ciliated epithelial cells. Doppler analysis was also performed to determine CBF. Lastly, we also developed a program that utilizes fast Fourier transform to determine CBF under phase-contrast microscopy, providing a more objective method compared to the current method.