gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Precision CMOS Amplifier Using Floating-Gate Transistors for Offset Cancellation (2007)

A long-term offset cancellation scheme that enables continuous-time amplifier operation is described. Offset cancellation is achieved by programming floating-gate transistors that form an integral part of the amplifier's architecture. The offset voltage of a single-stage folded cascode amplifier has been programmed to a minimum of plusmn25 muV in a 0.5 mum digital CMOS process. The long-term offset voltage drift has been calculated to be less than 0.5 muV over a period of 10 years at 55degC from a thermionic emission model for floating-gate charge loss. The offset voltage varies by a maximum of 130 muV over a temperature range of 170degC, thereby making this a viable approach to offset cancellation
Audio Coding Based on Spectral Recovery by Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

This study proposes a new method of audio coding based on spectral recovery, which can enhance the performance of transform audio coding. An encoder represents spectral information of an input in a time-frequency domain and transmits only a portion of it so that the remaining spectral information can be recovered based on the transmitted information. A decoder recovers the magnitudes of missing spectral information using a convolutional neural network. The signs of missing spectral information are either transmitted or randomly assigned, according to their importance. By combining transmission and recovery of spectral information, the proposed method can enhance the coding performance, compared with conventional transform coding. The subjective performance evaluation shows that, for mono coding at 39.4 kbps, the proposed method provides higher sound quality than the USAC, by an average MUSHRA score of 8.5.
Highly active and stereoselective olefin polymerization catalysts generated by the transfer‐epimetallation of olefins or acetylenes with dialkyltitanium(IV) complexes: three‐membered metallocycles as active catalyst sites<sup>‡</sup> (2004)

Abstract Efficient transfer‐epimetallations of simple olefins and acetylenes by R 2 TiL 2 reagents (R = Bu n , Bu t ; L = X) are readily achieved in THF at −78°C to generate titanacyclopropa(e)ne intermediates, readily capable of inserting various unsaturated addends (olefin, acetylene, nitrile). Analogous epimetallations conducted in hydrocarbons lead to the isotactic stereoselective polymerization of 1‐alkenes and the cyclotrimerization of acetylenes. In place of the widely accepted Arlman‐Cossee model for the active catalytic site, namely a Ti‐C bond on the TiCl 3 crystal lattice, the 2‐substituted‐1‐halotitanacyclopropyl cation formed in hydrocarbon media is proposed as the active site for stereoselective olefin polymerization.
Topographic Mapping Using a Monopulse SAR System. (1993)

We propose a novel design of a SAR system which exploits the monopulse principle to determine the elevation angle and thus the height at the different parts of the image. In this paper, we present design considerations for a corresponding airborne SAR system in X-band and give estimates of the error due to system noise and azimuth ambiguities as well as the expected performance and precision in topographic mapping.
Dibenzotetracyclic derivatives. II. Synthesis of 9-aminoalkyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-methanoanthracenes. (1979)

A synthesis of 9-aminoalkyl-9, 10-dihydro-9, 10-methanoanthracenes (2) is reported. A key intermediate, 9-formyl-9, 10-dihydro-9, 10-methanoanthracene (4), was synthesized from 9-amino-12-hydroxy-9, 10-dihydro-9, 10-ethanoanthracene (3b) by nitrous acid deamination. The amino-alcohol (3b) was synthesized in 5 steps starting from anthracene-9-carbaldehyde.
Human casein kinase Iδ phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2 (2001)

Casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon), a central component of the circadian clock, interacts with and phosphorylates human period protein 1 (hPER1) [Keesler, G.A. et al. (2000) NeuroReport 5, 951-955]. A mutation in CKIepsilon causes a shortened circadian period in Syrian Golden hamster. We have now extended our previous studies to show that human casein kinase Idelta (hCKIdelta), the closest homologue to hCKIepsilon, associates with and phosphorylates hPER1 and causes protein instability. Furthermore, we observed that both hCKIdelta and hCKIepsilon phosphorylated and caused protein instability of human period 2 protein (hPER2). Immunohistochemical staining of rat brains demonstrates that CKIdelta protein is localized in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, the central location of the master clock. These results indicate that CKIdelta may play a role similar to CKIepsilon, suggesting that it may also be involved in regulating circadian rhythmicity by post-translation modification of mammalian clock proteins hPER1 and 2.
Learning and correcting robot trajectory keypoints from a single demonstration (2017)

Kinesthetic teaching provides an accessible way for non-experts to quickly and easily program a robot system by demonstration. A crucial aspect of this technique is to obtain an accurate approximation of the robot's intended trajectory for the task, while filtering out spurious aspects of the demonstration. While several methods to this end have been proposed, they either rely on several demonstrations or on the user explicitly indicating relevant trajectory waypoints. We propose a method, based on the Douglas-Peucker line simplification algorithm that is able to extract the notable points of a trajectory from a single demonstration. Additionally, by utilizing velocity information in the task space, the method is able to achieve a level of precision that is sufficient for industrial assembly tasks. Along with this, we present a user study that shows that our method enables non-expert robot users to successfully program the robot for an assembly benchmark, and that they find this method.
Engineered DsbC chimeras catalyze both protein oxidation and disulfide-bond isomerization in <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Reconciling two competing pathways (2004)

In the Escherichia coli periplasm, the formation of protein disulfide bonds is catalyzed by DsbA and DsbC. DsbA is a monomer that is maintained in a fully oxidized state by the membrane enzyme DsbB, whereas DsbC is a dimer that is kept reduced by a second membrane protein, DsbD. Although the catalytic regions of DsbA and DsbC are composed of structurally homologous thioredoxin motif domains, DsbA serves only as an oxidase in vivo, whereas DsbC catalyzes disulfide reduction and isomerization and also exhibits significant chaperone activity. To reconcile the distinct catalytic activities of DsbC and DsbA, we constructed a series of chimeras comprising of the dimerization domain of DsbC, with or without the adjacent alpha-helical linker region, fused either to the first, second, third, or fifth residue of intact DsbA or to thioredoxin. The chimeras fully substituted for DsbC in disulfide-bond rearrangement and also were able to restore protein oxidation in a dsbA background. Remarkably, the chimeras could serve as a single catalyst for both disulfide-bond formation and rearrangement, thus reconciling the kinetically competing DsbB-DsbA and DsbD-DsbC pathways. This property appeared to depend on the orientation of the DsbA active-site cysteines with respect to the DsbC dimerization domain. In vitro, the chimeras had high chaperone activity and significant reductase activity but only 15-22% of the disulfide-isomerization activity of DsbC, suggesting that rearrangement of nonnative disulfides may be mediated primarily by cycles of random reduction and reoxidation.
462 Aerated Flow Diagnosis in Coriolis Mass flowmeter : Method Based on the Fluctuations of Mathematical Function Related to 2 Sensors' Output (2010)

This paper proposes a diagnostic method of an aerated flow that causes significant flow measurement errors in Coriolis mass flowmeter. In order to diagnose the aerated flow at a water line with a Coriolis mass flowmeter, three factors: amplitudes of 2 sensor signals and the phase difference between them-are focused on. Through the experimental investigations, the following facts are derived: 1) Our proposed diagnostic index increases with the increase in the void fraction. 2) The diagnostic index is approximately 0 at the single-phase flow. These results show that this diagnostic index can distinguish the single-phase flow from the aerated flow.
Transforming growth factor alpha inhibits secretion of gastric acid. (1986)

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), a protein secreted by transformed cells and related to epidermal growth factor (EGF), was tested for its effects on gastric acid secretion. Guinea pig gastric mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers and the rate of acid release was monitored by the pH-stat method. When administered prior to the secretagogue, TGF-alpha prevented the histamine-induced increase in the rate of acid secretion. Similarly, TGF-alpha caused a decrease in the rate of acid release in tissues that had already been stimulated with histamine. These data show that TGF-alpha inhibits gastric acid secretion in a manner similar to EGF and that the two growth factors share at least one physiological action unrelated to their mitogenic properties.
Molecular-Level Processing of Conjugated Polymers. 3. Layer-by-Layer Manipulation of Polyaniline via Electrostatic Interactions (1997)

Multilayer thin films comprised of sequentially adsorbed layers of partially doped polyaniline and a polyanion, sulfonated polystyrene, were fabricated via the use of a simple layer-by-layer molecular-level processing scheme. Using this simple multilayer polymer adsorption process, uniform thin films of polyaniline in the 40−600 Å thickness range were readily fabricated onto a variety of different substrates. Doping of these films with strong acids such as HCl and methane sulfonic acid results in electrically conductive thin films with conductivities comparable to those obtained with spin cast films (0.5−1.0 S/cm). The adsorption process used to fabricate the films was found to be driven primarily by the electrostatic attractions developed between the partially doped chains of polyaniline (polycation) and the negatively charged chains of the polyanion.
Accumulation of the Authentic Parkin Substrate Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Cofactor, p38/JTV-1, Leads to Catecholaminergic Cell Death (2005)

Autosomal-recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the parkin gene. Parkin, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for the ubiquitination and degradation of substrate proteins that are important in the survival of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accordingly, the abnormal accumulation of neurotoxic parkin substrates attributable to loss of parkin function may be the cause of neurodegeneration in parkin-related parkinsonism. We evaluated the known parkin substrates identified to date in parkin null mice to determine whether the absence of parkin results in accumulation of these substrates. Here we show that only the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cofactor p38 is upregulated in the ventral midbrain/hindbrain of both young and old parkin null mice. Consistent with upregulation in parkin knock-out mice, brains of AR-JP and idiopathic PD and diffuse Lewy body disease also exhibit increased level of p38. In addition, p38 interacts with parkin and parkin ubiquitinates and targets p38 for degradation. Furthermore, overexpression of p38 induces cell death that increases with tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment and parkin blocks the pro-cell death effect of p38, whereas the R42P, familial-linked mutant of parkin, fails to rescue cell death. We further show that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of p38 in the substantia nigra in mice leads to loss of dopaminergic neurons. Together, our study represents a major advance in our understanding of parkin function, because it clearly identifies p38 as an important authentic pathophysiologic substrate of parkin. Moreover, these results have important implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in PD.
Polycrystalline thin-film InP/CdS solar cell (1976)

We report the preparation of a polycrystalline thin-film InP/CdS solar cell of area 0.52 mm2 having a power conversion efficiency of 2.8% under AM1 conditions. Based on the current-voltage characteristics, we estimate that development of an improved contact to the p-type InP would result in substantially higher efficiencies without any further improvement in the InP/CdS interface.
Discovery of the Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist [(7<i>R</i>)-4-(5-Chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-7-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl][5-methyl-2-(2<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)phenyl]methanone (MK-4305) for the Treatment of Insomnia (2010)

Despite increased understanding of the biological basis for sleep control in the brain, few novel mechanisms for the treatment of insomnia have been identified in recent years. One notable exception is inhibition of the excitatory neuropeptides orexins A and B by design of orexin receptor antagonists. Herein, we describe how efforts to understand the origin of poor oral pharmacokinetics in a leading HTS-derived diazepane orexin receptor antagonist led to the identification of compound 10 with a 7-methyl substitution on the diazepane core. Though 10 displayed good potency, improved pharmacokinetics, and excellent in vivo efficacy, it formed reactive metabolites in microsomal incubations. A mechanistic hypothesis coupled with an in vitro assay to assess bioactivation led to replacement of the fluoroquinazoline ring of 10 with a chlorobenzoxazole to provide 3 (MK-4305), a potent dual orexin receptor antagonist that is currently being tested in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of primary insomnia.
Adaptive Digital Equalization in Optical Coherent Receivers With Stokes-Space Update Algorithm (2014)

In this paper, we describe a novel update algorithm for the filter coefficients of the adaptive digital equalizer in coherent receivers, which is based on error signals evaluated in Stokes space and is insensitive to both phase-noise and frequency-offset. We also introduce an optimized decision rule in the Stokes space, which takes into account the exact statistics of noise and yields a performance improvement with respect to the minimum distance decision criterion. We compare the performance of the new algorithm to the standard constant-modulus algorithm (CMA) for polarization-multiplexed 16QAM modulation, achieving similar performance in the absence of phase noise, with comparable complexity. Differently from CMA, the proposed Stokes-space algorithm allows us to remove the phase offset between polarizations, thus enabling the use of a joint carrier-phase estimation algorithm on both polarizations, which in turns yields a nearly doubled phase noise tolerance.
Real time model-based diagnosis enabled by hybrid modeling (2020)

In this paper we propose a hybrid modeling approach for generating reduced models of a high fidelity model of a physical system. We propose machine learning inspired representations for complex model components. These representations preserve in part the physical interpretation of the original components. Training platforms featuring automatic differentiation are used to learn the parameters of the new representations using data generated by the high-fidelity model. We showcase our approach in the context of fault diagnosis for a rail switch system. We generate three new model abstractions whose complexities are two order of magnitude smaller than the complexity of the high fidelity model, both in the number of equations and simulation time. Faster simulations ensure faster diagnosis solutions and enable the use of diagnosis algorithms relying heavily on large numbers of model simulations.
Real-Time Collaborative Video Watching on Mobile Devices with REST Services (2012)

In this paper, we describe a mobile application that synchronizes the playback of a video stream among a group of mobile devices while the video playback is controlled (e.g. pause, resume, seek) by one of the devices. This feature allows a group of people to collaborate remotely in real-time through watching the same video on their mobile devices. To make this application work for heterogeneous mobile devices and networks, we develop synchronization protocols and time-based video position prediction algorithms on top of a REST platform that is independent of programming languages, operating systems and transport protocols. A prototype system has been developed based on Android phones connected by 3G cellular network. The preliminary experiments show the approach is feasible and promising.
Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen by CD8+ T cells specific for a skin-tropic virus (2002)

Virus-specific CD8 + T cells traffic to infected tissues to promote clearance of infection. We used herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as a model system to investigate CD8 + T cell trafficking to the skin in humans. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I tetramers, we observed that HSV-specific CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood expressed high levels of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). In contrast, CD8 + T cells specific for non-skin-tropic herpesviruses lacked CLA expression. CLA-positive HSV-2-specific CD8 + T cells had the characteristics of central memory cells, expressing CCR7, CD62L, and CD28, and they proliferated briskly in response to antigen. CLA is related to a functional E-selectin ligand, and both E-selectin and CLA-positive cells were detected in HSV-2-infected skin. HSV-2-specific T cells adhered to cells transfected with E-selectin. A higher proportion of HSV-specific CD8 + T cells recovered from herpes lesions express CLA compared with blood, consistent with a role for CLA in skin homing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of expression of tissue-specific adhesion-associated molecules by virus-specific CD8 + T cells. The evaluation of vaccines for skin and mucosal pathogens should include study of the induction of appropriate tissue-specific homing molecules.
Location Estimation and Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks in the Presence of Fading (2018)

In this paper, localization using narrowband communication signals are considered in the presence of fading channels with time of arrival measurements. When narrowband signals are used for localization, due to existing hardware constraints, fading channels play a crucial role in localization accuracy. In a location estimation formulation, the Cramer-Rao lower bound for localization error is derived under different assumptions on fading coefficients. For the same level of localization accuracy, the loss in performance due to Rayleigh fading with known phase is shown to be about 5dB compared to the case with no fading. Unknown phase causes an additional 1dB loss. The maximum likelihood estimators are also derived. In an alternative distributed detection formulation, each anchor receives a noisy signal from a node with known location if the node is active. Each anchor makes a decision as to whether the node is active or not and transmits a bit to a fusion center once a decision is made. The fusion center combines all the decisions and uses a design parameter to make the final decision. We derive optimal thresholds and calculate the probabilities of false alarm and detection under different assumptions on the knowledge of channel information. Simulations corroborate our analytical results.
L-arginine augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in cholesterol-fed rabbits. (1990)

Evidence exists that an endothelium-derived relaxing factor is nitric oxide and that L-arginine is the precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide in vitro. Whether exogenous L-arginine contributes to the modulation of vascular smooth muscle tone in vivo is still controversial. In hypercholesterolemia, resistance vessels do not relax normally in response to pharmacological stimuli that release endothelium-derived relaxing factor; bioassay experiments have suggested that impaired synthesis or release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor accounts, in part, for this blunted relaxation. We hypothesized that hypercholesterolemia reduces arginine metabolism and thereby impairs endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis. Accordingly, we designed a study to determine whether exogenous L-arginine could augment endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hind limb resistance vessels in anesthetized cholesterol-fed rabbits. Femoral blood flow was recorded with an electromagnetic flow probe in 16 cholesterol-fed and 12 control rabbits. The hind limb vasodilator responses to incremental intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine (0.3-9.0 micrograms/kg/min) and nitroprusside (0.3-9.0 micrograms/kg/min) were studied before and during intravenous administration of L-arginine (10 mg/kg/min), D-arginine (10 mg/kg/min), or saline. The vasodilator response to acetylcholine was impaired in cholesterol-fed rabbits as compared with control rabbits. L-Arginine augmented vasodilation to acetylcholine in cholesterol-fed but not in control rabbits. L-Arginine did not alter the effect of nitroprusside in either group. Neither saline nor D-arginine changed the response to either acetylcholine or nitroprusside. Our data demonstrate that exogenous L-arginine normalizes the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hind limb resistance vessels in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Improved carotid intraplaque hemorrhage imaging using a slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (SPI) sequence (2010)

Intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with accelerated plaque growth as well as exacerbation of clinical symptoms. The identification of intraplaque hemorrhage using magnetic resonance imaging primarily relies on the detection of methemoglobin on T(1) weighted images. Current techniques are limited by insufficient intraplaque hemorrhage-wall contrast and poor blood suppression. In this study, a slab-selective phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (SPI) technique is proposed by combining a phase-sensitive reconstruction with a T(1) weighted sequence specifically designed to achieve improved intraplaque hemorrhage imaging. The SPI sequence was optimized and then used on ex vivo plaque specimens for histology based validation and intraplaque hemorrhage-wall contrast-to-noise ratio comparison with magnetization-prepared 3D rapid acquisition gradient echo MP-RAGE. SPI and MP-RAGE were also tested on a group of atherosclerosis patients to compare in vivo intraplaque hemorrhage-wall contrast-to-noise ratio and blood suppression effectiveness. On ex vivo specimens SPI had better intraplaque hemorrhage identification accuracy and a significantly higher intraplaque hemorrhage-wall contrast-to-noise ratio (P = 0.01) than MP-RAGE. Similar results were found in the in vivo test: Slab-selective phase-sensitive inversion-recovery provided a significantly improved intraplaque hemorrhage-wall contrast-to-noise ratio (P < 0.01) and blood suppression efficiency (P < 0.01). In conclusion, SPI is a novel technique optimized for intraplaque hemorrhage detection and validated against histology. It has demonstrated its capability for improved in vivo intraplaque hemorrhage identification and blood suppression in atherosclerosis patients.
Fabrication of Large Core Yb2O3 Doped Phase Separated Yttria-Alumino Silicate Nano-Particles Based Optical Fiber for Use as Fiber Laser (2012)

Fabrication of Large Core Yb2O3 Doped Phase Separated Yttria-Alumino Silicate Nano-Particles Based Optical Fiber for Use as Fiber Laser