gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Pound−Drever−Hall laser stabilization system in silicon (2017)

Low noise stable lasers have far-reaching applications in spectroscopy, communication, metrology and basic science. The Pound-Drever-Hall laser stabilization technique is widely used to stabilize different types of lasers in these areas. Here we report the demonstration of an integrated Pound-Drever-Hall system that can stabilize a low-cost laser to realize a compact inexpensive light source, which can ultimately impact many fields of science and engineering. We present an integrated architecture utilizing an electronically reconfigurable Mach-Zehnder interferometer as the frequency reference to reduce the frequency noise of semiconductor lasers by more than 25 dB and the relative Allan deviation by more than 12 times at 200 μs averaging time. Compared to the bench-top implementations, the integrated Pound-Drever-Hall system has significantly lower power consumption, less sensitivity to the environmental fluctuations and occupies an area of only 2.38 mm<sup>2</sup>. The photonic and electronic devices are integrated on a standard 180 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor silicon-on-insulator process.
Performance of an S-CDMA system with noncoherent spread-spectrum MSK modems (1998)

Simplified noncoherent and differentially coherent spread-spectrum (SS) minimum shift keying (MSK) receiver structures are presented. It is shown that an optimal noncoherent SS receiver for pure (with rectangular baseband pulses) offset QPSK signals can serve as a suboptimal (performance loss /spl sime/0.9 dB) noncoherent receiver for SS MSK signals. The conditions of orthogonality of SS MSK signals are derived in synchronous and quasi-synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. Computer simulation results evaluate the performance of the CDMA system with suggested receivers under certain conditions.
Mixed-Salt/Ester Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Li+ Cells (2006)

Electrolytes comprising, variously, LiPF6 or LiPF6 plus LiBF4 dissolved at various concentrations in mixtures of alkyl carbonates and alkyl esters have been found to afford improved low-temperature performance in rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells. These and other electrolytes have been investigated in a continuing effort to extend the lower limit of operating temperatures of such cells. This research at earlier stages, and the underlying physical and chemical principles, were reported in numerous previous NASA Tech Briefs articles, the most recent being Ester-Based Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells (NPO-41097), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 29, No. 12 (December 2005), page 59. The ingredients of the solvent mixtures include ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl butyrate (MB), and methyl propionate (MP). The electrolytes were placed in Li-ion cells containing carbon anodes and LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 cathodes, and the electrical performances of the cells were measured over a range of temperatures down to 60 C. The electrolytes that yielded the best low-temperature performances were found to consist, variously, of 1.0 M LiPF6 + 0.4 M LiBF4 or 1.4 LiPF6 in 1EC + 1EMC + 8MP or 1EC + 1EMC + 8MB, where the concentrations of the salts are given in molar units and the proportions of the solvents are by relative volume.
Immunogenic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide (1990)

Previous studies have shown that antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) can be divided into two types on the basis of their functional activity. One type is able to mediate opsonic killing in conjunction with leukocytes and complement, and the other type is not. We investigated, in mice, the properties of this antigen associated with elicitation of opsonic killing antibody. We found that smaller-sized material (Kav = 0.26), which has been tested as a human vaccine, elicited opsonic killing antibody in mice at low doses (1 to 10 micrograms) and at doses of greater than or equal to 40 micrograms, only nonopsonic killing antibody was produced. A similar dose effect was seen with heat-killed mucoid P. aeruginosa cells. After immunization with high doses of this MEP or the heat-killed cells, the mice were refractory to induction of opsonic killing antibody no matter what dose of MEP was used as a booster. In contrast, a larger-molecular-weight preparation (Kav = 0.05) elicited opsonic killing antibody over a wide dose range (1 to 400 micrograms). Additionally, 50 micrograms of the larger-sized preparation could overcome the suppression induced by 50 micrograms of the smaller material. Suppression elicited by 50 micrograms of the smaller material could be adoptively transferred to nonimmune mice with the T-cell fraction of spleen cells. These results indicate that both molecular size and dose are critical determinants for eliciting opsonic killing antibody to mucoid P. aeruginosa after immunizing with MEP.
P‐171: A Flexible Touch‐Sensitive Writing Tablet (2008)

Abstract We present a flexible touch‐sensitive writing tablet utilizing a reflective bistable cholesteric liquid crystal laminated between two conductive‐polymer coated polyethylene‐terephthalate substrates. The device features a selective pressure response suitable for high‐resolution lines to be drawn into the screen. The device is inexpensive, conformable, and laser‐cut to any desired shape.
An analytical framework to design a Dynamic Frequency Control scheme for microgrids using energy storage (2016)

Microgrids with increased penetration of renewables have significant frequency excursions to power generation changes. A straight forward approach to solve this problem is by enhancing the inertia of the system using energy storage (ES). They provide Dynamic Frequency Control (DFC) support to the interconnected Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the microgrid. However, the amount of inertial support required from the ES varies based on the type of interconnected DERs, the amount of load change and many other factors. This paper proposes an analytical framework for calculating the inertia required from the ES systems during a generation change. A case study to corroborate the proposed framework for the DFC scheme has also been studied.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors. 1,5-Diarylpyrrol-3-acetic Esters with Enhanced Inhibitory Activity toward Cyclooxygenase-2 and Improved Cyclooxygenase-2/Cyclooxygenase-1 Selectivity (2007)

The important role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the pathogenesis of inflammation and side effect limitations of current COX-2 inhibitor drugs illustrates a need for the design of new compounds based on alternative structural templates. We previously reported a set of substituted 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives, along with their inhibitory activity toward COX enzymes. Several compounds proved to be highly selective COX-2 inhibitors and their affinity data were rationalized through docking simulations. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of new 1,5-diarylpyrrole derivatives that were assayed for their in vitro inhibitory effects toward COX isozymes. Among them, the ethyl-2-methyl-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-[3-fluorophenyl]-1H-pyrrol-3-acetate (1d), which was the most potent and COX-2 selective compound, also showed a very interesting in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, laying the foundations for developing new lead compounds that could be effective agents in the armamentarium for the management of inflammation and pain.
Independent Control of Bulk and Interfacial Morphologies of Small Molecular Weight Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells (2012)

We demonstrate that solvent vapor annealing of small molecular weight organic heterojunctions can be used to independently control the interface and bulk thin-film morphologies, thereby modifying charge transport and exciton dissociation in these structures. As an example, we anneal diphenyl-functionalized squaraine (DPSQ)/C(60) heterojunctions before or after the deposition of C(60). Solvent vapor annealing of DPSQ before C(60) deposition results in molecular order at the heterointerface. Organic photovoltaics based on this process have reduced open circuit voltages and power conversion efficiencies relative to as-cast devices. In contrast, annealing following C(60) deposition locks in interface disorder found in unannealed junctions while improving order in the thin-film bulk. This results in an increase in short circuit current by >30% while maintaining the open circuit voltage of the as-cast heterojunction device. These results are analyzed in terms of recombination dynamics at excitonic heterojunctions and demonstrate that the optimal organic photovoltaic morphology is characterized by interfacial disorder to minimize polaron-pair recombination, while improved crystallinity in the bulk increases exciton and charge transport efficiency in the active region.
Stability of a fiber-optic magnetometer (1986)

The stability of a fiber-optic magnetometer employing metallic glass ribbons was examined over a period of more than 10 h. The magnetometer can be operated either in the open magnetic loop or the closed magnetic loop configuration. The short-term minimum detectable magnetic field for ≈ 10 cm of sensor fiber length was less than 2 gamma in the dc to 1-Hz bandwidth. Long-term stability of approximately 10 gamma was achieved in the closed magnetic loop configuration.
Babesia bovis: isolation of a protective antigen by using monoclonal antibodies (1983)

Three distinct monoclonal antibody-producing hybridomas have been produced against a partly purified protective fraction of Babesia bovis. All three stain the parasite or infected erythrocytes or both in precise and different manners when fluorescent-antibody techniques are used. The relevant antigens for each monoclonal antibody were isolated by immunoadsorption, their native molecular weights being 1.3 X 10(6), 180 X 10(3), and 44 X 10(3). Each antigen reacted in serological assays with homologous and heterologous bovine antisera to B. bovis. Susceptible splenectomized calves were immunized twice, 4 weeks apart, with the respective antigens and were challenged with virulent homologous organisms 2 weeks later. Strong protective immunity was induced by the antigen with a molecular weight of 44 X 10(3), but no significant protection was induced by either of the other two antigens.
Synthesis, Structure, and Antitumor Activity of Novel Platinum(II) Complexes Involving Asymmetric Chiral Diamines as Carrier Ligands (1999)

New platinum(II) complexes with asymmetrically substituted chiral diamine ligands A2PtX2, (A2 = NH2CH
Production of reproductively sterile fish by a non-transgenic gene silencing technology (2015)

We developed a novel bath-immersion technology to produce large numbers of infertile fish. As seafood consumption shifts from fishery harvests towards artificially propagated species, optimization of aquaculture practices will be necessary to maximize food production and minimize ecological impact. Farming infertile fish is the most effective genetic-containment strategy to support the development of environmentally-responsible aquaculture. We discovered that a molecular transporter, Vivo, can effectively carry the Morpholino oligomer (MO) across the chorion, enter the embryo and reach target cells. Vivo-conjugated MO against zebrafish deadend (dnd-MO-Vivo) effectively caused primordial germ cell mis-migration and differentiation into somatic cells, which resulted in generation of infertile fish. Optimal conditions were achieved when embryos, immediately after fertilization, were immersed with dnd-MO-Vivo at the initial concentration of either 60 or 40 μM followed by a lower serially diluted concentration. Under these conditions, 100% induced sterility was achieved even when the total immersion time was reduced from 24 to 5 hours. In 8 independent experiments, 736 adults developed from these conditions were all found to be infertile fish that possessed minimally-developed gonads that lacked any gametes. The results demonstrate that dnd-MO-Vivo bath immersion is an effective strategy to produce infertile fish without introducing transgenic modifications.
Multifacet Metal Mirror Design for Extreme-Ultraviolet Applications* (1986)

The future operation of broadly tunable free-electron laser (FEL) oscillators below 100 nm is very dependent on the development of resonator end mirrors with reflectance greater than 50 per cent. We have determined that a multifaceted mirror configuration of a few metal films, e.g., Al, Si, Rh, and Ag, offers the potential of achieving large values (≥50 per cent) of XUV retroreflectance. Even larger net reflectance values are possible for 90° beam-turning mirrors. These make use of the principle of quasi-total external reflectance for incidence angles larger than the critical angle (≥60°) and with S-plane polarization. Only when the optical constants n and k both are sufficiently less than unity is there a large increase over a single, normal-incidence reflection.
Spectrally broadband channeled imaging polarimeter using polarization gratings (2011)

A snapshot channeled linear imaging (CLI) polarimeter is demonstrated by incorporating two identical polarization gratings (PGs) into a shearing polarization interferometer. Placing the PGs in series causes the shear to become linearly proportional to the wavelength, thereby generating white-light polarization fringes at the focal point of an imaging lens. These fringes amplitude modulate the incident Stokes parameters corresponding to linearly polarized light (S0, S1, and S2). In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate the CLI polarimeter. Additional validation of the technique is conducted through outdoor measurements of moving targets, and extending the measurement capacity of the system to include circularly polarized light is theoretically demonstrated.
Content-based music similarity search and emotion detection (2004)

The paper investigates the use of acoustic based features for music information retrieval. Two specific problems are studied: similarity search (searching for music sound files similar to a given music sound file) and emotion detection (detection of emotion in music sounds). The Daubechies wavelet coefficient histograms (Li, T. et al., SIGIR'03, p.282-9, 2003), which consist of moments of the coefficients calculated by applying the Db8 wavelet filter, are combined with the timbral features extracted using the MARSYAS system of G. Tzanctakis and P. Cook (see IEEE Trans. on Speech and Audio Process., vol.10, no.5, p.293-8, 2002) to generate compact music features. For the similarity search, the distance between two sound files is defined to be the Euclidean distance of their normalized representations. Based on the distance measure, the closest sound files to an input sound file are obtained. Experiments on jazz vocal and classical sound files achieve a very high level of accuracy. Emotion detection is cast as a multiclass classification problem, decomposed as a multiple binary classification problem, and is resolved with the use of support vector machines trained on the extracted features. Our experiments on emotion detection achieved reasonably accurate performance and provided some insights on future work.
Coherent Out‐of‐Core Point‐Based Global Illumination (2011)

Abstract We describe a new technique for coherent out‐of‐core point‐based global illumination and ambient occlusion. Point‐based global illumination (PBGI) is used in production to render tremendously complex scenes, so in‐core storage of point and octree data structures quickly becomes a problem. However, a simple out‐of‐core extension of a classical top‐down octree building algorithm would be extremely inefficient due to large amount of I/O required. Our method extends previous PBGI algorithms with an out‐of‐core technique that uses minimal I/O and stores data on disk compactly and in coherent chunks for later access during shading. Using properties of a space‐filling Z‐curve, we are able to preprocess the data in two passes: an external ID‐sort and an octree construction pass.
Impact of PET scanner non-linearity on the estimation of hypoxic fraction in cervical cancer patients (2021)

Hypoxia imaging of tumors of the cervix is challenging due to patient specific activity accumulation in the bladder and the non-linear response of PET scanner performance. This can result in a substantial overestimate of the calculated hypoxic fraction in cervical tumors. Additional effort needs to be invested to improve the linearity of PET scanners in anatomical regions proximal to the bladder.
Chemical differentiation of histamine H1- and H2-receptor agonists (1975)

Histamine exists predominantly as the NT-H tautomer of the monocation (IIa) at a physiological pH of 7.4 and structure-activity studies indicate that this tautomer is likely to be the pharmacologically active species for both H1 and H2 receptors. Effective H2-receptor agonists appear to require a prototropic tautomeric system whereas H1-receptor agonists do not need to be tautomeric. This identifies a chemical difference in the receptor requirements which provides the basis for obtaining selective histamine H1-receptor agonists. Thus 2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole and 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine are nontautomeric and are highly selective agonists for histamine H1 receptors (H1:H2 ca. 90:1 and 30:1, respectively). In conjunction with the selective H2-receptor agonist, 4-methylhistamine, they are of great value for studying the pharmacology of histamine receptors.
Total Synthesis of FR901464, an Antitumor Agent that Regulates the Transcription of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes (2006)

FR901464 is a potent anticancer agent that regulates the transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. A convergent enantioselective synthesis of FR901464 was accomplished in 13 linear steps. Central to the synthetic approach was the diene-ene cross olefin metathesis reaction to generate the C6-C7 olefin, without the use of protecting groups, as the final coupling. Additional key reactions include a Zr/Ag-promoted alkynylation to set the C4 stereocenter, a mild and chemoselective Red-Al reduction, a stereoselective Mislow-Evans-type [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to install the C5 stereocenter, a Carreira asymmetric alkynylation to generate the C4' stereocenter, and a highly efficient ring-closing metathesis-allylic oxidation sequence to form an unsaturated lactone.
<i>Schnurri-3</i> (KRC) Interacts with c-Jun to Regulate the IL-2 Gene in T Cells (2004)

The activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor is a key participant in the control of T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and effector function. In the immune system, AP-1 activity is highest in T cells, suggesting that a subset of T cell-specific coactivator proteins exist to selectively potentiate AP-1 function. Here, we describe that the expression of Schnurri-3, also known as kappa recognition component (KRC), is induced upon T cell receptor signaling in T cells and functions to regulate the expression of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene. Overexpression of KRC in transformed and primary T cells leads to increased IL-2 production, whereas dominant-negative KRC, or loss of KRC protein in KRC-null mice, results in diminished IL-2 production. KRC physically associates with the c-Jun transcription factor and serves as a coactivator to augment AP-1-dependent IL-2 gene transcription.
Kinematic Modeling and Visual Servo Control of a Soft-Bodied Magnetic Anchored and Guided Endoscope (2020)

In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), a number of instruments are inserted into the surgical cavity via the trocar(s), which makes the surgical site crowded and instruments tend to fence with each other. In addition, the motion of the endoscope is restricted by the trocar, which limits the field of view of the endoscope. To alleviate these problems, magnetic anchored and guided systems (MAGSs) have been proposed. Conventional MAGSs are built from rigid materials with small actuators and sensors. As a result, these MAGSs tend to be heavy, complex, difficult to make, and costly. In this article, we first present a soft-bodied MAGS endoscope weighing 13 g, which is made up of printable silicon rubber with embedded magnets and a camera module. The usage of soft 3-D printable material significantly reduces the complexity of the MAGS endoscope. The soft-bodied MAGS endoscope can be anchored and steered by an external magnet controlled by a serial-link robot arm. The kinematic modeling of the soft-bodied MAGS endoscope is developed. Visual servo based automatic instruments tracking of the soft-bodied MAGS endoscope is achieved for the first time. Experimental results validate that the soft-bodied MAGS endoscope can guide surgical instruments, showing its high potentials in MIS.
Fracture detection and quantitative measure of displacement in pelvic CT images (2011)

Traumatic pelvic injury is a severe and common injury in the United States. The automatic detection of fractures in pelvic CT images is a significant contribution for assisting physicians in making faster and more accurate patient diagnostic decisions and treatment planning. However, due to the low resolution and quality of the original images, the complexity of pelvic structures, and the difference in visual characteristics of fracture by their location, it is difficult to detect and accurately locate the pelvic fractures and determine the severity of the injury. In this paper, an automatic hierarchical algorithm for detecting pelvic bone fractures in CT scans is proposed. The algorithm utilizes symmetric comparison, adaptive windowing, boundary tracing, wavelet transform. Also, the quantitative measure of fracture severity in pelvic CT scans is defined. The results are promising, demonstrating that the proposed method is capable of automatically detecting both major and minor fractures accurately, shows potential for clinical application. Statistical results also indicate the superiority of the proposed method.
Modification of microelectrode arrays: new microelectrochemical devices for sensor applications (1987)

Abstract Microelectrode arrays consisting of two or eight closely spaced (ca. 1 μm) gold or platinum microelectrodes (approximate dimensions 2 μm wide x 50 μm long x 0.1 μm high) can be modified with a variety of redox-active materials in a way that leads to microelectrochemical devices that may be useful as sensors. In general, a pair of microelectrodes connected by a redox-active material represents a device, because the current, Id, passing from one microelectrode (source) to the other (drain) at a fixed potential between them, Vd, can be modulated by electrically or chemically induced changes in the state of charge of the redox material. The fundamental issues associated with pH-sensitive devices based on poly(3-methylthiophene), poly(4-vinylpyridine), a viologen—quinone redox polymer and WO3 are described to illustrate generic concepts that underlie the development of microelectrochemical sensors.
Application of Insulated Protective Coatings for Reduction of Corrosion Potential in High Temperature Water (1996)

Abstract This paper describes an approach for achieving low corrosion potentials on structural materials exposed to high temperature water, even without the addition or presence of reducing species like H2. This approach employs highly insulating coatings, e.g. yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on structural materials to greatly restrict O2 transport rate to the metal surface while simultaneously preventing the formation of a differential aeration crevice cell because of its highly insulating character. Initial experimental data on 304 stainless steel (SS) coated by air plasma spray show that the corrosion potential of YSZ coated 304 SS remained at ≈ -0.5 Vshe in 288°C water containing up to 200 ppb O2 and no H2.