gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Blockade Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells towards Src Family Kinase Inhibitors (2010)

There is overwhelming evidence that tyrosine kinases play an important role in cancer development. As a prototype of targeted therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are now successfully applied to cancer treatment. However, as single agents, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have not achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of prostate cancer, principally due to their inability to efficiently kill tumor cells. The authors' laboratory has been interested in the role of the Src complex in prostate cancer progression, including the induction of androgen independence and metastasis. Previously, the authors reported that Src inhibitors such as saracatinib and PP2 caused G1 growth arrest and diminished invasiveness in prostate cancer cells but rarely apoptosis. Here, they have shown that Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitors can induce a high level of autophagy, which protects treated cells from undergoing apoptosis. Src siRNA knockdown experiments confirmed that autophagy was indeed caused by the lack of Src activity. The SFK inhibitor-induced autophagy is accompanied by the inhibition of the PI3K (type I)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. To test whether autophagy blockade could lead to enhanced cell death, pharmacological inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) and a genetic inhibitor (siRNA targeting Atg7) were used in combination with SFK inhibitors. The results showed that autophagy inhibition effectively enhanced cell killing induced by SFK inhibitors. Importantly, the authors showed that a combination of saracatinib with chloroquine in mice significantly reduced prostate cancer (PC3) xenograft growth compared with the control group. Taken together, these data suggest that (1) autophagy serves a protective role in SFK inhibitor-mediated cell killing, and (2) clinically acceptable autophagy modulators may be used beneficially as adjunctive therapeutic agents for SFK inhibitors.
New Highly Potent NLRP3 Inhibitors: Furanochalcone Velutone F Analogues (2022)

The NLRP3 inflammasome has now emerged as one of the most appealing drug targets for many inflammation-related diseases. Velutone F, a natural NLPR3 inhibitor, identified in our previous study has been limited in application by its low in planta abundance, weak activity, and complicated synthetic routes. To address these needs, structural optimization of velutone F led to a series of novel NLRP3 inhibitors. Among them, compound <b>14c</b> exerted remarkable inhibitory activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value in the nanomolar range (251.1 nM) and was approximately 5-fold more potent than velutone F. Moreover, the synthesis method of <b>14c</b> was simple, easy to handle, and scalable. Compound <b>14c</b> could suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation by attenuating ASC speck formation. Most importantly, compound <b>14c</b> reduced peritoneal neutrophil influx in mice and IL-1β in the spleen in the MSU-induced peritonitis in LPS-primed mouse model. Taken together, compound <b>14c</b> is a prospective lead compound in the discovery of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
The catalytic domain limits the translocation of protein kinase Calpha in response to increases in Ca2+ and diacylglycerol (2003)

Translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) alpha, beta II, delta and epsilon fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was studied in living neuroblastoma cells by confocal microscopy. Exposure to carbachol elicited transient translocation of PKC alpha-EGFP and beta II-EGFP in most of the cells, PKC delta-EGFP in a few cells and induced sustained translocation of PKC epsilon-EGFP. To monitor levels of Ca(2+) and diacylglycerol and the translocation of PKC in the same cell, the Ca(2+)-sensitive C2 domain, diacylglycerol-sensitive C1 domains and full-length PKC were fused to red, cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins respectively. PKC alpha was translocated a few seconds after the C2 domain, which represents an increase in Ca(2+). This delay was insensitive to removal of the pseudosubstrate in PKC alpha, but the isolated regulatory domain translocated simultaneously with the C2 domain. Translocation of PKC epsilon coincided with the increase in diacylglycerol. Ionomycin induced translocation of PKC alpha and the C2 domain, whereas 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol caused translocation of the C1 domains and PKC epsilon, but not PKC alpha. Experiments with individual C1 domains showed that treatment with carbachol or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate elicited translocation of PKC alpha C1a, PKC epsilon C1a and PKC epsilon C1b, whereas PKC alpha C1b was largely insensitive to these agents. In contrast with full-length PKC alpha, the regulatory domain of PKC alpha and pseudosubstrate-devoid PKC alpha responded to the carbachol-stimulated increase in diacylglycerol.
Platinum Substitutes and Two-Phase-Glass Overlayers as Low Cost Alternatives to Platinum Aluminide Coatings (1996)

The feasibility of processing less-expensive alternative coatings to platinum aluminide was examined. Three approaches were followed: 1) enhancement of nickel-aluminide coatings by application of sol-gel derived two-phase-glass (TPG) overlayers, 2) evaluation of TPG coatings on bare IN 738LC, and 3) substitution of Pt with a less expensive platinum group metal (palladium). Accordingly, IN 738LC coupons were tested with several coatings including TPG, aluminide coatings (platinum aluminide, palladium aluminide, and conventional nickel aluminide), and TPG overlayers on the aluminide coatings. Isothermal-oxidation, cyclic-oxidation, and hot-corrosion tests were conducted at 900°C for 500 hours to evaluate the coatings. The results showed that the TPG by itself provided superior protection compared to the platinum-aluminide coatings under both oxidation and hot-corrosion conditions. The TPG coating also showed promise as an overcoat on aluminide coatings.
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Headache—Long-Term Safety and Efficacy (2007)

The aim of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation for medically intractable headache. Electrical stimulation of large sensory afferents has an antinociceptive effect. Occipital nerve stimulation may be effective for the treatment of medically intractable headache. Retrospective analysis was performed of 15 patients with medically refractory headache who underwent implantation of an occipital nerve stimulator. Pre- and postimplant data regarding headache frequency, severity, disability, depression and poststimulator complications were collected. Twelve patients were female and three male. Ages ranged from 21 to 52 years (mean 39 years). Eight patients had chronic migraine, three chronic cluster, two hemicrania continua and two had post-traumatic headache. Eight patients underwent bilateral and seven had unilateral lead placement. Patients were measured after 5-42 months (mean 19). All six mean headache measures improved significantly from baseline (P < 0.03). Headache frequency per 90 days improved by 25 days from a baseline of 89 days; headache severity (0-10) improved 2.4 points from a baseline of 7.1 points; MIDAS disability improved 70 points from a baseline of 179 points; HIT-6 scores improved 11 points from a baseline of 71 points; BDI-II improved eight points from a baseline of 20 points; and the mean subjective percent change in pain was 52%. Most patients (60%) required lead revision within 1 year. One patient required generator revision. Occipital nerve stimulation may be effective in some patients with intractable headache. Surgical revisions may be commonly required. Safety and efficacy results from prospective, randomized, sham-controlled studies in patients with medically refractory headache are needed.
A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things (2018)

The paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT) is paving the way for a world, where many of our daily objects will be interconnected and will interact with their environment in order to collect information and automate certain tasks. Such a vision requires, among other things, seamless authentication, data privacy, security, robustness against attacks, easy deployment, and self-maintenance. Such features can be brought by blockchain, a technology born with a cryptocurrency called Bitcoin. In this paper, a thorough review on how to adapt blockchain to the specific needs of IoT in order to develop Blockchain-based IoT (BIoT) applications is presented. After describing the basics of blockchain, the most relevant BIoT applications are described with the objective of emphasizing how blockchain can impact traditional cloud-centered IoT applications. Then, the current challenges and possible optimizations are detailed regarding many aspects that affect the design, development, and deployment of a BIoT application. Finally, some recommendations are enumerated with the aim of guiding future BIoT researchers and developers on some of the issues that will have to be tackled before deploying the next generation of BIoT applications.
Singularity analysis of zero-torsion parallel mechanisms (2008)

This paper presents the singularity analysis of four 3-DOF symmetric zero-torsion parallel mechanisms. These mechanisms are composed of three identical legs ending with a spherical joint that is constrained to move in one of three equally spaced planes intersecting at one line. The computation of the singularity loci is based on the degeneracy of the system of screws applied on the platform by the legs. The whole study is based on the use of a special orientation representation, previously introduced under the name of Tilt-and-Torsion angles. This representation is briefly introduced. Then the interdependence between the Cartesian coordinates of the general class of parallel mechanisms is derived. Finally, the singularity loci are derived and the size of the workspace taking into account all singular configurations is shown.
Visemenet (2018)

We present a novel deep-learning based approach to producing animator-centric speech motion curves that drive a JALI or standard FACS-based production face-rig, directly from input audio. Our three-stage Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network architecture is motivated by psycho-linguistic insights: segmenting speech audio into a stream of phonetic-groups is sufficient for viseme construction; speech styles like mumbling or shouting are strongly co-related to the motion of facial landmarks; and animator style is encoded in viseme motion curve profiles. Our contribution is an automatic real-time lip-synchronization from audio solution that integrates seamlessly into existing animation pipelines. We evaluate our results by: cross-validation to ground-truth data; animator critique and edits; visual comparison to recent deep-learning lip-synchronization solutions; and showing our approach to be resilient to diversity in speaker and language.
Evaluation of Gonochek-II as a rapid identification system for pathogenic Neisseria species (1984)

The Gonochek-II test kit (E-Y Laboratories, San Mateo, Calif.) may be used to rapidly identify (within 30 min) Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica, and Branhamella catarrhalis. The kit consists of oxidase swabs, chromogenic substrates, and EY-20 reagent (diazonium salt derivative). A beta-lactamase tube is also included. Fifty-two clinical isolates were tested from cervical (22 isolates), urethral (13), throat (11), rectal (5), and urine (1) sources. All strains were oxidase-positive, gram-negative diplococci isolated on Thayer-Mayer plates incubated at 35 degrees C in 5% CO2 for 18 to 24 h. Each strain was tested by Gonochek-II, RapID NH (Innovative Diagnostics, Decatur, Ga.), and conventional rapid carbohydrate utilization. Forty-four isolates of N. gonorrhoeae and six N. meningitidis were identified. Only two isolates tested (4%) were identified as species other than these two. Gonochek-II outperformed all other methods for identification of N. gonorrhoeae from cervical and urethral areas. N. meningitidis strains were correctly identified in all cases. Ease and rapidity of the procedure, coupled with a small inoculum requirement and reliable results, led us to favor Gonochek-II for routine identification of pathogenic Neisseria species.
Sub-10 nm Platinum Nanocrystals with Size and Shape Control: Catalytic Study for Ethylene and Pyrrole Hydrogenation (2009)

Platinum nanocubes and nanopolyhedra with tunable size from 5 to 9 nm were synthesized by controlling the reducing rate of metal precursor ions in a one-pot polyol synthesis. A two-stage process is proposed for the simultaneous control of size and shape. In the first stage, the oxidation state of the metal ion precursors determined the nucleation rate and consequently the number of nuclei. The reaction temperature controlled the shape in the second stage by regulation of the growth kinetics. These well-defined nanocrystals were loaded into MCF-17 mesoporous silica for examination of catalytic properties. Pt loadings and dispersions of the supported catalysts were determined by elemental analysis (ICP-MS) and H(2) chemisorption isotherms, respectively. Ethylene hydrogenation rates over the Pt nanocrystals were independent of both size and shape and comparable to Pt single crystals. For pyrrole hydrogenation, the nanocubes enhanced ring-opening ability and thus showed a higher selectivity to n-butylamine as compared to nanopolyhedra.
Realistic virtual hand modeling with applications for virtual grasping (2004)

In virtual environments, virtual hand interactions play key roles in the human-computer interface. Specifically, the virtual grasping of 3D objects provides an intuitive way for users to interact with virtual objects. This paper demonstrates the creation of a sophisticated virtual hand model simulating natural anatomy in its appearance and motion. To achieve good visual realism, the virtual hand is modeled with metaball modeling, and visually enhanced by applying texture mapping. For realistic kinematics modeling, a three-layer model (skeleton, muscle and skin layers) is adopted to handle the motion as well as the deformation of the virtual hand. We also present an approach for virtual grasping of 3D objects with the realistic virtual hand driven by a CyberGlove dataglove. Grasping heuristics are proposed based on the classification with the shapes of objects, and simplified proxies for the virtual hand are used for the purpose of real-time collision detection between the virtual hand and 3D objects.
Synchronizing a digital GPS receiver (2002)

We investigate the synchronization behavior of a digital Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. We focus our attention on code and carrier synchronization. Due to the large Doppler shift, the inaccurate receiver clock and the noisy environment, a combined time/frequency search is used for acquisition and tracking. Code acquisition is performed by a serial search algorithm. In the frequency domain a broken expanding window search is used. To achieve coherent demodulation, the uncertainty interval for the carrier frequency is minimized in discrete steps. Finally the correct frequency is found by a simple transform domain processing scheme to permit a narrowband digital PLL to lock.
MOF derived composites for cathode protection: coatings of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> from UiO-66 and MIL-53 as ultra-stable cathodes (2015)

A mechanochemical synthetic method of preparing LiCoO2 coated by MOF-derived metal oxide composites is introduced. Mono-dispersed ZrO2 and Al2O3 are applied as protection layers. These composites show 148 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 2325 mA g(-1) and excellent thermal stability (55 °C).
Hardware Trojans in Wireless Cryptographic ICs (2010)

The article studies the problem of hardware Trojans in wireless cryptographic ICs. The objective is to design Trojans to leak secret information through the wireless channel. The authors investigate challenges related to detection for such Trojans and propose using statistical analysis of the side-channel signals to help detect them.
Interleukin-10 Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia After Angioplasty or Stent Implantation in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits (2000)

The anti-inflammatory cytokine rhuIL-10 reduces postinjury intimal hyperplasia. The potent attenuation of in-stent intimal growth by rhuIL-10 and its favorable toxicity profile suggest that rhuIL-10 may be useful in the prevention of in-stent restenosis.
How Do International Financial Flows to Developing Countries Respond to Natural Disasters? (2010)

This paper uses multivariate dynamic panel analysis to examine the response of international financial flows to natural disasters. The models estimated for a large sample of developing countries point to differentiated responses of specific types of financial flows. The results show that remittance inflows increase significantly in response to shocks to both climatic and geological disasters. The models suggest a nuanced role for foreign aid. While the responses of aid flows to natural disaster shocks in general tend not to be statistically significant, international assistance to low income countries increases following geological disaster shocks. Furthermore, the results show that typically, other private capital flows (bank lending and equity) do not attenuate the effects of disasters and in some specifications, even amplify the negative economic effects of these events. The conclusions of the paper have implications for capital/financial account management policies. In particular, countries should take their vulnerability to natural disasters into account when considering the costs and benefits of the liberalization of private capital flows. This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.
Preparation of Porous Poly(dimethylsiloxane)‐Based Honeycomb Materials with Hierarchal Surface Features and Their Use as Soft‐Lithography Templates (2006)

Ordered hierarchal porous materials made via the “breath figure” technique are prepared from solutions of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based star polymers. The successful formation of regular porous materials on ordered nonflat substrates (see figure and inside cover) is described. The materials are used as soft lithography masters to produce a variety of exotic structures. Potential applications of the technique includes the preparation of substrates for cellular growth or photonic materials. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0982_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dewatering Oil Sands Tailings with Degradable Polymer Flocculants (2017)

We synthesized hydrolytically degradable cationic polymers by micellar radical polymerization of a short-chain polyester macromonomer, polycaprolactone choline iodide ester methacrylate (PCL<sub>2</sub>ChMA) with two polyester units, and used them to flocculate oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT). We evaluated the flocculation performance of the homopolymer and copolymers with 30 mol % acrylamide (AM) by measuring initial settling rate (ISR), supernatant turbidity, and capillary suction time (CST) of the sediments. Flocculants made with trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate chloride (TMAEMC), the monomer corresponding to PCL<sub>n</sub>ChMA with n = 0, have improved performance over poly(PCL<sub>2</sub>ChMA) at equivalent loadings due to their higher charge density per gram of polymer. However, MFT sediments flocculated using the PCL<sub>2</sub>ChMA-based polymers are easier to dewater (up to an 85% reduction in CST) after accelerated hydrolytic degradation of the polyester side chains. This study demonstrates the potential of designing cationic polymers that effectively flocculate oil sands tailings ponds, and also further dewater the resulting solids through polymer degradation.
Panel calls E coli screening inadequate. (1994)

HOPING TO REDUCE unnecessary medical treatment and strengthen the detection of disease outbreaks, an expert panel has recommended widespread culturing of laboratory specimens for Escherichia coli O157:H7. The panel, sponsored by the American Gastroenterological Association Foundation, met last month in Washington, DC. After hearing testimony from experts in medicine, public health, the food industry, and federal regulatory agencies, the panel produced report with recommendations to stem a major national problem. Who's Getting Sick, and Why? From 1982, when the virulent O157:H7 strain was identified as human pathogen, through 1992, only two to three outbreaks were investigated each year in the United States. The figure jumped to 16 in 1993; 11 outbreaks during the first half of this year are being studied. Some of the increase is attributed to growing awareness, but the panel said the actual number of infections appears to be rising. It is estimated that E
A Phase-Shifted PWM STATCOM Using the Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter (MMCC-SSBC) (2013)

This paper presents a transformerless phase-shifted PWM STATCOM intended for installation on the 6.6-kV power distribution system. The power circuit of this STATCOM is characterized by using the modular multilevel cascade converter based on single-star bridge-cells (MMCC-SSBC). This paper designs, constructs, and tests the 140-V, 10-kVA downscaled STATCOM with a per-cluster cascade count of N=6, to verify operating performance in both steady and transient states. The 13-level (line-to-neutral) voltage waveform with low voltage steps yields a nearly sinusoidal current with a current THD (total harmonic distortion) of 1.7%. Modeling and analysis of the phase-shifted PWM STATCOM are carried out, leading to the design of current control gains.
Update on the safety of itraconazole pulse therapy in onychomycosis and dermatomycoses. (2001)

As the use of newer antifungal agents becomes more widespread, safety issues surrounding their use have become more important. To date, the safety profile of itraconazole has been well defined by its worldwide use in 50 million patients over the past 13 years. Data from clinical practice and clinical trials indicate that the 1-week pulse regimen of itraconazole is well tolerated and associated with a favourable safety profile. Adverse events are generally mild and transient. Furthermore, a dose increase to 400 mg in the pulse regimen has had no adverse impact on safety.
6R Instrumented Spatial Linkages for Anatomical Joint Motion Measurement—Part 2: Calibration (1992)

The six-revolute-joint instrumented spatial linkage (6R ISL) is often the measurement system of choice for monitoring motion of anatomical joints. However, due to tolerances of the linkage parameters, the system may not be as accurate as desired. A calibration algorithm and associated calibration device have been developed to refine the initial measurements of the ISL's mechanical and electrical parameters so that the measurement of six-degree-of-freedom motion will be most accurate within the workspace of the anatomical joint. The algorithm adjusts the magnitudes of selected linkage parameters to reduce the squared differences between the six known and calculated anatomical position parameters at all the calibration positions. Weighting is permitted so as to obtain a linkage parameter set that is specialized for measuring certain anatomical position parameters. Output of the algorithm includes estimates of the measuring system accuracy. For a particular knee-motion-measuring ISL and calibration device, several interdependent design parameter relationships have been identified. These interdependent relationships are due to the configuration of the ISL and calibration device, the number of calibration positions, and the limited resolution of the devices that monitor the position of the linkage joints. It is shown that if interdependence is not eliminated, then the resulting ISL parameter set will not be accurate in measuring motion outside of the calibration positions, even though these positions are within the ISL workspace.