gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instruction-processing optimization techniques for VLSI microprocessors (1993)

This thesis is about the art of high-performance computer design as it pertains to the prevalent form of digital switching circuits of the last quarter of the twentieth century. The principal technology is integrated circuit chips that allow construction of major components of instruction processing systems as single monolithic devices. Design of these systems can be difficult due to the large number of physical and logical constraints that must be simultaneously considered.
The RISC minimal-architecture paradigm has inspired machines that are straightforward to understand and implement. There has been disagreement as to the precise definition of RISC, and strong results about the relative value of RISC over other architectural approaches are evasive. For the purposes of this thesis, a RISC architecture consists of a general-purpose register file and a simple multi-stage pipeline for executing single instructions at a peak rate of one per clock cycle. Even within the parameters of a RISC processor architecture, there remain design decisions that can significantly impact cost and processing performance. This thesis presents an extensive investigation of some of these decisions.
Within the framework of a parameterized design for a RISC instruction processor, potential improvements in instruction processing performance and energy-efficiency are analyzed through extensive software simulation. The improvements include selection of the instruction set architecture and specific hardware improvements motivated by the measured behavior. The results obtained through these experiments form a solid foundation for building future systems with high data and instruction throughput rates that are constrained by fundamental quantities such as silicon area and electrical power.
Wear Resistance of Medium Carbon Steel with Different Microstructures (2021)

In this research, the tribological properties of different microstructures of medium carbon steel produced by either an austempered process or quenched-tempered process are investigated. The as-received samples with annealed microstructure (spherodized) are austempered to obtain a bainite microstructure or quenched-tempered to obtain a tempered martensite microstructure. The tribological performance of these microstructures was studied using a ball-on-disk UMT3 tribometer. The results indicated that both bainite microstructures and tempered-martensite microstructures produced better wear resistance than pearlite microstructures. At the same hardness level, the austempered disk specimens have less cracking due to higher fracture toughness compared to quenched and tempered steel. For the disks, tempered martensite microstructures produced more plastic deformation compared with bainite microstructures. Mild abrasive wear was observed on the harder disks, however, smearing wear was observed on the softer disks. Adhered debris particles were observed on the balls.
QoS-aware storage virtualization for cloud file systems (2014)

We present a reservation scheduler for object-based file systems. It supports storage virtualization for multi-tenant cloud environments with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. The reservation scheduler has been integrated into the XtreemFS cloud file system to maximize the resource utilization under the given QoS demands. Our simulation results obtained with a discrete event simulator indicate that a considerable number of active object stores can be saved while still ensuring the requested service guarantees (capacity, throughput, IOPS, etc.).
Design of a multiport amplifier beam forming network for a mobile communications antenna (2006)

Astrium's experience with Inmarsat has shown that a satellite designed for mobile telecommunications applications may consist of a large aperture parabolic reflector fed by an array at its principle focus. Both L and S-band are the frequencies of interest. Each radiator element on the array has a one to one correspondence with a spot position on the earth, so that radiation patterns are pointed at different locations on the earth by different combinations of the array element excitations. Before the signals arrive at the array with their specified complex weights they must undergo amplification, which is provided by a beam forming network composed of between 10 and 20 Multi-Port Amplifiers, (MPA).
The Perinucleolar Compartment Is Directly Associated with DNA (2008)

The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a nuclear subdomain that is unique to tumor cells, and the percentage of cells in a population containing PNCs (PNC prevalence) indicates the level of malignancy of that population. Here, we utilize anti-cancer drugs and other exogenous stimuli to investigate the structure and function of the PNC. Screening of clinically used anti-cancer drugs revealed two types of drugs disassemble PNCs and do so through their specific molecular actions. Transcription inhibitors reduce PNC prevalence in parallel with RNA polymerase III transcription reduction, and a subset of DNA-damaging drugs and stimuli (UV radiation) disassemble the PNC. Inhibition of cellular DNA damage response demonstrated that the DNA damage itself, not the response or polymerase III inhibition, is responsible for PNC disassembly, suggesting that the maintenance of the PNC is dependent upon DNA integrity. Analyses of the types of DNA damage that cause PNC disassembly show that interstrand DNA base pairing, not strand continuity, is important for PNC integrity, indicating that the PNC components are directly interacting with the DNA. Complementary cell biology experiments demonstrated that the number of PNCs per cell increases with the rounds of endoreplication and that PNCs split into doublets during mid S phase, both of which are phenotypes that are typical of a replicating DNA loci. Together, these studies validate PNC disassembly as a screening marker to identify chemical probes and revealed that the PNC is directly nucleated on a DNA locus, suggesting a potential role for the PNC in gene expression regulation.
Decision trees for error concealment in video decoding (1999)

When macroblocks are lost in an MPEG decoder, the decoder can try to conceal the error by estimating or interpolating the missing area. Many different methods for this type of concealment have been proposed, operating in the spatial, frequency, or temporal domains, or some hybrid combination of them. We show how the use of a decision tree that can adaptively choose among several different error concealment methods can outperform each single method. We also propose two promising new methods for temporal error concealment.
Hypertension and the vasculature (1995)

Viewing the vascular tree as an integrated circuit with specialized functions when nourishing specific tissues suggests that when the resistance in one vascular bed increases because of a constrictor challenge, this might not be representative of the circulation as a whole: indeed, resistance may fall elsewhere. It is probable that structural changes in small arteries represent the consequence of hypertension. The pathogenesis of hypertension may reside downstream in arterioles, where a myogenic response might play a fundamental role.
Mechanism of Stress Memorization Technique (SMT) and Method to Maximize Its Effect (2011)

A simple and unified fundamental theory on the mechanism of stress memorization technique (SMT) is presented for the first time. This theory is based on the difference in thermal properties of the materials involved in SMT process, i.e., silicon (channel), polysilicon (gate), amorphous silicon (source/drain), SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (gate oxide), as well as Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (SMT nitride stressor layer), which lead to deformations during thermal anneal and SMT. This theory accounts for all the results published to date in SMT and provides important physical insights. As a demonstration of predictive capability of this theory, a 45-nm process was modified using a novel anneal sequence which raises the stress in the channel. The experimental data after the change yield additional 5% performance boost for NFET compared to a baseline SMT process.
The JAM Test: An Assay of Cell Death (1993)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) appear to have at least two different ways of killing their targets: they drill holes in the target cell membrane, and they can also trigger the targets to commit suicide. For 30 years, 51Cr-release has been a reasonably efficient and useful method to measure membrane disintegration, but until very recently, the assessment of target cell suicide has been a slow, laborious, and inefficient process. Here I describe the JAM Test (Matzinger, 1991) a method that measures the DNA fragmentation that accompanies cell suicide. As a general measure of apoptosis, it is fast, quantitative, and easy to do. As a method for measuring the activity of CTL, it surpasses 51Cr release in several different ways. It is faster, more sensitive, more convenient, safer, more flexible, and cheaper. Its main disadvantage is that the targets must be in growth phase.
Simple antenna structure enabling the simultaneous excitation of two different polarisation and radiation modes (2014)

A simple antenna structure able to simultaneously generate two different polarisation and radiation modes is proposed. In addition to a good impedance matching all over multiple bands, antennas based on the proposed geometry can exhibit a linearly polarised omnidirectional radiation pattern at lower frequencies, allowing the communication in any azimuthal direction, and a circularly polarised directive diagram at higher frequencies that enables links for satellite‐based applications. These characteristics together with a low‐profile, a light weight and a robust and easy‐to‐realise structure make the antenna an effective candidate for integration into vehicles. The antenna multimode radiation mechanism is explained in detail. In order to demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed structure is applied to the design of two different antennas for practical applications. The performances of these antennas are assessed by means of numerical simulations and validated through experimental measurements.
Efficient TGF-β/SMAD signaling in human melanoma cells associated with high c-SKI/SnoN expression (2011)

Despite high expression in melanoma cells, the role of SKI in melanoma remains elusive: SKI does not efficiently interfere with the pro-oncogenic activities of TGF-β, unless stabilized by proteasome blockade. Its highly labile nature makes it an unlikely target for therapeutic intervention.
A phase II/III randomized, multicenter trial of prednisone/sirolimus <i>versus</i> prednisone/ sirolimus/calcineurin inhibitor for the treatment of chronic graft-<i>versus</i>-host disease: BMT CTN 0801 (2018)

Initial therapy of chronic graft-<i>versus</i>-host disease is prednisone ± a calcineurin-inhibitor, but most patients respond inadequately. In a randomized, adaptive, phase II/III, multicenter trial we studied whether prednisone/sirolimus or prednisone/sirolimus/photopheresis was more effective than prednisone/sirolimus/calcineurin-inhibitor for treating chronic graft-<i>versus</i>-host disease in treatment-naïve or early inadequate responders. Primary endpoints of this study were proportions of subjects alive without relapse or secondary therapy with 6-month complete or partial response in phase II, or with 2-year complete response in phase III. The prednisone/sirolimus/photopheresis arm closed prematurely because of slow accrual and the remaining two-drug <i>versus</i> three-drug study ended in phase II due to statistical futility with 138 evaluable subjects. The two-drug and three-drug arms did not differ in rates of 6-month complete or partial response (48.6% <i>versus</i> 50.0%, <i>P</i>=0.87), or 2-year complete response (14.7% <i>versus</i> 15.5%, <i>P</i>=0.90). Serum creatinine values >1.5 times baseline were less frequent in the calcineurin-inhibitor-free arm at 2 months (1.5% <i>versus</i> 11.7%, <i>P</i>=0.025) and 6 months (7.8% <i>versus</i> 24.0%, <i>P</i>=0.016). Higher adjusted Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary and Physical Functioning scores were seen in the two-drug arm at both 2 months (<i>P</i>=0.02 and <i>P</i>=0.04, respectively) and 6 months (<i>P</i>=0.007 and <i>P</i>=0.001, respectively). Failure-free survival and overall survival rates at 2 years were similar for patients in the the two-drug and three-drug arms (48.6% <i>versus</i> 46.2%, <i>P</i>=0.78; 81.5% <i>versus</i> 74%, <i>P</i>=0.28). Based on similar long-term outcomes, prednisone/sirolimus is a therapeutic alternative to prednisone/sirolimus/calcineurin-inhibitor for chronic graft-<i>versus</i>-host disease, being easier to administer and better tolerated. <i>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01106833.</i>
Challenges in Multiparty Environmental Mediation (1999)

The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation formally embarked on an alternative dispute resolution program in 1996.This followed after the 1994 gubernatorial elections when a number of state agency's were reorganized, re-engineered or were otherwise introduced to new ways of doing business to maximize resources.The sum of this effort is to offer a structure within which to negotiate environmental enforcement, compliance and permitting issues while attempting to achieve maximal gains at less cost or, alternatively, to contain costs.The New York program has led to a number of public policy disputes being resolved in ways the
Regulation of Cardiac Specific nkx2.5 Gene Activity by Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (2008)

The cardiac specific homeobox gene nkx2.5, a member of the nk-2 class family, plays a central role in cardiogenesis and is a target of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). Nkx2.5 was modified by SUMO on its 51st amino acid, a lysine residue conserved across species but absent in other nk-2 members. Conversion of this lysine to an arginine (K51R) substantially reduced Nkx2.5 DNA binding and also its transcriptional activity. Unexpectedly, mutant K51R was targeted by ubiquitin. E3 ligase PIAS proteins PIAS1, PIASx, and PIASy, but not PIAS3, enhanced SUMO-1 attachment to Nkx2.5 on the primary SUMO acceptor site. SUMO-2 linkage to Nkx2.5 was catalyzed only by PIASx and not by other PIAS proteins. SUMO conjugation stabilized the formation of Nkx2.5-containing complexes that led to robust transcriptional activation. Thus, SUMO modification serves as a positive regulator for Nkx2.5 transcriptional activity.
Sensory and Consumer Perception of the Addition of Grape Seed Extracts in Cookies (2012)

The aim of this study was to understand sensory and instrumental similarities and differences among an array of cookies made with bulk and microencapsulated grape seed extract (GSE) and then to determine how these differences impact consumer acceptance. Total of 4 types of cookies (control, enriched with bulk GSE, and enriched with 2 different microencapsulated GSE) were evaluated by instrumental analyses, a sensory trained panel using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA®) methodology, and a consumer acceptance test that included a usage and attitude survey. The addition of GSE resulted in darker brown cookies; microencapsulation partially masked the color that the GSE conferred to the cookies. The cookies with the microencapsulated GSE showed a significant higher antioxidant activity, microencapsulation may have reduced the GSE heat degradation. The QDA(®) trained panelists found the enriched cookies to be more astringent and with aromas and flavors similar to whole grains flours. Consumers rated the control cookie and 1 GSE encapsulated cookie at parity; they were equally well liked (P > 0.05). When provided with information, nearly 60% of consumers stated that they were willing to purchase cookies enriched with antioxidants. This high positive percentage may increase if consumers received more education on the health benefits of antioxidant consumption.
Big-Data-Driven and AI-Based Framework to Enable Personalization in Wireless Networks (2020)

Current communication networks use design methodologies that prevent the realization of maximum network efficiency. In the first place, while users' perception of satisfactory service diverges widely, current networks are designed to be a "universal fit," where they are generally over-engineered to deliver services appealing to all types of users. Also, current networks lack user-level data cognitive intelligence that would enable fast personalized network decisions and actions through automation. Thus, in this article, we propose the utilization of AI, big data analytics, and real-time non-intrusive user feedback in order to enable the personalization of wireless networks. Based on each user's actual QoS requirements and context, a multi-objective formulation enables the network to micro-manage and optimize the provided QoS and user satisfaction levels simultaneously. Moreover, in order to enable user feedback tracking and measurement, we propose a user satisfaction model based on the zone of tolerance concept. Furthermore, we propose a big-data-driven and AI-based personalization framework to integrate personalization into wireless networks. Finally, we implement a personalized network prototype to demonstrate the proposed personalization concept and its potential benefits through a case study. The case study shows how personalization can be realized to enable the efficient optimization of network resources such that certain requirement levels of user satisfaction and revenue in the form of saved resources are achieved.
<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Isolated from Refractory Endodontic Lesions Are Opportunistic Pathogens (2010)

The predominant cultivable microbiota from 20 refractory endodontic lesions (9 with abscesses and 11 without abscesses) were determined, and Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were among the most predominant organisms. The number of species identified from lesions with abscesses (14.1 ± 2.6) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than the number from lesions without abscesses (7.4 ± 5.9). Comparison of perioral isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR of the same species from the same subjects demonstrated that the endodontic and skin populations were significantly different. The P. acnes isolates were typed on the basis of recA gene sequence comparison, and only three types (types I, II, and III) were identified among 125 isolates examined. However, we found that type I (type IA and IB) isolates were primarily isolated from the skin, while types II and III were significantly more likely to be isolated from the endodontic lesions (P < 10(-10)). We found that the robustness of the recA phylotypes was not strong by comparing the partial gene sequences of six putative virulence determinants, PAmce, PAp60, PA-25957, PA-5541, PA-21293, and PA-4687. The resulting neighbor-joining trees were incongruent, and significant (phi test; P = 2.2 × 10(-7)) evidence of recombination was demonstrated, with significant phylogenetic heterogeneity being apparent within the clusters. P. acnes and S. epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic infections, with or without periapical abscesses, are likely to be nosocomial infections.
Permissioned blockchain technologies for academic publishing (2018)

Academic publishing is continuously evolving with the gradual adoption of new technologies. Blockchain is a new technology that promises to change how individuals and organizations interact across various boundaries. The adoption of blockchains is beginning to transform diverse industries such as finance, supply chain, international trade, as well as energy and resource management and many others. Through trust, data immutability, decentralized distribution of data, and facilitation of collaboration without the need for centralized management and authority, blockchains have the potential to transform the academic publishing domain and to address some of the current problems such as productivity and reputation management, predatory publishing, transparent peer-review processes and many others. In this paper, we outline the technologies available in the domain of permissioned blockchains with focus on Hyperledger Fabric and discuss how they can be leveraged in the domain of academic publishing.
Analytical solution and simulation of multiband fractal Antenna for IoT applications (2020)

This paper would give an insight into finding analytical solution for designing fractal antennas of Koch curve type fractal geometries. An analytical equation to generalize for any Koch curve length is derived, which meet the basic nature of any Koch curve type fractal geometries. A numerical example detailed explains the validity and generality of the derived analytical solution. A micro-strip patch of snowflake structured fractal geometry considered for multi-band antenna, fulfill the needs of antenna for IoT applications. The dimensions of the fractal antenna are related to the resonance frequencies and input impedance. The figures of merit of fractal antennas are analyzed by simulating microstrip patch antenna of Koch curve type snowflake fractal geometries, using HFSS tool..
 The fractal antenna simulated would fit with the specifications of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, like Omni directionality and the frequencies of operation. The simulated results have resonant frequencies 5.58GHz, 12.50GHz and 18.56GHz ,corresponding return loss, S11 of -15.6392dB, -17.9265dB, -16.2633dB and its bandwidth of operation 1.9 GHz,1.29 GHz and 1.43 GHz respectively.
Experience with the Philips automatic train timetable information system (2002)

Introduces an automatic system for train timetable information over the telephone that provides accurate connections between 1200 German cities. The caller can talk to it in unrestricted, natural, and fluent speech, very much like he or she would communicate with a human operator, and is not given any instructions in advance. In an ongoing field trial, this system has been made available to the general public, both to gather speech data and to evaluate its performance. This field test was organized as a bootstrapping process: initially, the system was trained with just the developers' voices, then the telephone number was passed around within the department, the company, and finally, the outside world. After each step, the newly collected material was used for retraining and general improvements. The observations and results from this test are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Revised Growth Model for Transparent Conducting Ga Doped ZnO Films: Improving Crystallinity by Means of Buffer Layers (2015)

Ga‐doped ZnO (GZO) thin films are recently raising both scientific and industrial interests, due to the lack of natural resources. Indium is a crucial raw material, due to ITO modern touchscreen market. By doping ZnO with Ga conductive transparent thin films with various concentrations of dopant are prepared by DC magnetron sputtering from ceramic targets. It is shown how the Ga content plays an important role on the growth kinetics on an initial stage of the film formation and hence on the morphologies, microstructure and electrical properties of as‐grown GZO films. A mechanism explaining the role of Ga content on the nucleation process and the structure of growing films is proposed. Based on this mechanism, it is successfully demonstrated that the crystalline quality and hence the conductivity of GZO thin films can be improved by using a GZO buffer layer.