gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogold staining method for the light microscopic detection of leukocyte cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies: its application to the enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations. (1983)

Colloidal gold was used as a marker for the light microscopic detection of lymphocyte cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies. Suspensions of peripheral blood leukocytes were first incubated with monoclonal mouse antibodies and then with colloidal gold-labeled goat anti-mouse antibodies. The cells were fixed and cytocentrifuge preparations or smears were made. Granulocytes and monocytes were then labeled by the cytochemical staining of their endogenous peroxidase activity. Lymphocytes reacting with the monoclonal antibody had numerous dark granules around the surface membrane. With electron microscopy, these granules appeared as patches of gold particles. This immunogold staining method proved to be a reliable tool for the enumeration of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood. The results were almost identical to those obtained with immunofluorescence microscopy. The procedure can also be applied on small volumes of capillary blood. This constitutes a good microtechnique for the determination of lymphocyte subsets in children.
Development of an Improved ELISA for Antibody Detection and Use in Production of a Hybridoma Secreting a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Crystal Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (1986)

Murine hybridomas were constructed by fusing spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with soluble crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (B.t.i) to the murine myeloma cell line SP2/O-AG14. A direct ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for detection of antibodies specific for crystal protein of B.t.i. was modified to produce 100- to 1,000-fold increased sensitivity and was used to identify hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibody specific for the B.t.i. crystal protein. Analysis of the hybridoma culture supernatant fluid indicated production of monoclonal IgG3 antibodities, specific for the 68,000 dalton protein presumed to be the insecticidal δ-endotoxin of B.t.i.
&#952;-Defensins: Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Binary Ligation of Truncated &#945;-Defensins (2004)

The first cyclic peptide discovered in animals is an antimicrobial octadecapeptide that is expressed in leukocytes of rhesus monkeys. The peptide, termed rhesus Theta-defensin 1 (RTD-1) is the prototype of a new family of antimicrobial peptides, which like the previously characterized alpha- and beta-defensin families, possesses broad spectrum microbicidal activities against bacteria, fungi, and protects mononuclear cells from infection by HIV-1. The cyclic Theta-defensin structure is essential for a number of its antimicrobial properties, as demonstrated by the markedly reduced microbicidal activities of de-cyclized Theta-defensin analogs. Genetic and biochemical experiments disclosed that the biosynthesis of RTD-1 results from the head-to-tail joining of two nine-amino acid peptides, each of which is donated by a separate precursor polypeptide, which are in fact C-terminally truncated pro-alpha-defensins. Alternate combinations of the two nonapeptides generate two additional macaque Theta-defensins, RTD-2 and RTD-3. Humans do not express Theta-defensin peptides, but mRNAs encoding at least two Theta-defensins are expressed in human bone marrow. However, in each case the open reading frame is interrupted by a stop codon in the signal peptide-coding region. The mature Theta-defensin peptide is a two-stranded beta-sheet that, like the alpha- and beta-defensins, is stabilized by three disulfides. However, the parallel orientation of the Theta-defensin disulfide arrangement allows for substantial flexibility around its short axis. Unlike alpha- and beta-defensins, RTD-1 lacks an amphiphilic topology. This may partially explain the unusual interaction between Theta-defensins and phospholipid bilayers.
1 × 3 active GaAs/AlGaAs planar waveguideoptical switch (2000)

A three-channel optical waveguide switch has been designed using carrier-induced refractive index effects. Switching between individual or a combination of channels was achieved by controlling electrical currents injected through two parallel electrodes. A crosstalk of –19 dB between adjacent channels has been measured over a spectral range spanning 40 nm.
Highly Sensitive Automated Chemiluminometric Assay for Measuring Free Human Glandular Kallikrein-2 (1999)

The availability of a robust, high sensitivity automated assay for hK2 should facilitate further investigations of the role of hK2 measurements in the management of patients with prostate disease.
Stability Determination of Asphaltenes through Dielectric Constant Measurements of Polar Oil Fractions (2016)

Asphaltenes represent the heaviest and the most polar fraction of crude oil. The interaction of asphaltenes with other fractions of crude oil can affect its overall polarity and stability. Because of the complex nature of the molecules constituting asphaltenes, determining the polarity of asphaltenes—and, thereby, predicting their stability—is, however, difficult. A more practical way to estimate asphaltenes instability would have important implications in predicting oil production performance. In this study, we present a method of combining dielectric constant measurements of crude oil fractions with a modified effective medium approximation to estimate the instability of asphaltenes. Furthermore, we show that the dielectric constant of resins fractions comprising mainly organic constituents with minimum impurities provide the best representation of crude oils, with regard to physical properties such as density and viscosity. Two new analytical correlations relating the overall dielectric constant of crude oil mixtures and their constituents are suggested. These correlations provide insight toward the stability of asphaltenes with crude oil and can be directly used to estimate the overall precipitation tendency of asphaltenes.
Spatial color indexing and applications (2002)

We suggest the use of the color correlogram as a generic indexing tool to tackle various computer vision problems. Correlograms were shown to be very effective for content-based image retrieval. We adapt the correlogram to handle the problems of image subregion querying, object localization, object tracking, and cut detection. Experimental results suggest that the color correlogram is much more effective than the histogram for these applications, with insignificant additional computational, storage, or processing cost. We also provide a technique to cut down the storage requirement of correlograms so that it is the same as that of histograms, with only negligible performance penalty compared to the original correlogram.
Accurate Growth of Submilliampere Threshold Current Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser using Diode Laser Reflectometry in a Molecular Beam Epitaxy System (1995)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and resonant cavity detectors are of great interest for optical communications applications. In order to obtain high performance devices with high yield, the epilayer thickness and growth rate must be controlled to within ±1.5 %. Conventional molecular beam epitaxy calibration method such as reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ion-gauge beam flux measurements are limited to an accuracy of a few percent. To achieve higher accuracy, various in situ optical techniques have been investigated for growth rate calibration [l]-[2] and for real time growth control [3]-[4]. The former is desirable because of its versatility and cost-effectiveness.
Production of Inductively-Coupled Large-Diameter Plasmas with Internal Antenna (1998)

Large-diameter RF plasmas at 13.56 MHz have been produced by inductive coupling of an internal-type antenna in a discharge chamber of 400 mm diameter and 200 mm height. For minimization of the electrostatic coupling, (i) a double half-loop antenna of 360 mm diameter was employed for the reduction of antenna inductance and (ii) the antenna conductor was terminated by the insertion of a blocking capacitor to satisfy the impedance balance condition where the RF-voltage amplitude could be minimized to 1/2 the terminal voltage. The plasma source could be operated stably at RF input powers of up to 3 kW to attain plasma densities as high as 1012 cm-3 at Ar pressures around 1 Pa. Furthermore, (iii) full covering of the antenna conductor with an insulator tubing exhibited a significant effect on the suppression of the electrostatic coupling with simultaneous achievement of plasma densities as high as 5×1011 cm-3.
Evidence for Production of a New Lantibiotic (Butyrivibriocin OR79A) by the Ruminal Anaerobe <i>Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens</i> OR79: Characterization of the Structural Gene Encoding Butyrivibriocin OR79A (1999)

The ruminal anaerobe Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens OR79 produces a bacteriocin-like activity demonstrating a very broad spectrum of activity. An inhibitor was isolated from spent culture fluid by a combination of ammonium sulfate and acidic precipitations, reverse-phase chromatography, and high-resolution gel filtration. N-terminal analysis of the isolated inhibitor yielded a 15-amino-acid sequence (G-N/Q-G/P-V-I-L-X-I-X-H-E-X-S-M-N). Two different amino acid residues were detected in the second and third positions from the N terminus, indicating the presence of two distinct peptides. A gene with significant homology to one combination of the determined N-terminal sequence was cloned, and expression of the gene was confirmed by Northern blotting. The gene (bvi79A) encoded a prepeptide of 47 amino acids and a mature peptide, butyrivibriocin OR79A, of 25 amino acids. Significant sequence homology was found between this peptide and previously reported lantibiotics containing the double-glycine leader peptidase processing site. Immediately downstream of bvi79A was a second, partial open reading frame encoding a peptide with significant homology to proteins which are believed to be involved in the synthesis of lanthionine residues. These findings indicate that the isolated inhibitory peptides represent new lantibiotics. Results from both total and N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicated that the second peptide was identical to butyrivibriocin OR79A except for amino acid substitutions in positions 2 and 3 of the mature lantibiotic. Only a single coding region was detected when restriction enzyme digests of total DNA were probed either with an oligonucleotide based on the 5' region of bvi79A or with degenerate oligonucleotides based on the predicted sequence of the second peptide.
Hierarchical Propagation Networks for Fake News Detection: Investigation and Exploitation (2019)

Consuming news from social media is becoming increasingly popular. However, social media also enables the widespread of fake news. Because of its detrimental effects brought by social media, fake news detection has attracted increasing attention. However, the performance of detecting fake news only from news content is generally limited as fake news pieces are written to mimic true news. In the real world, news pieces spread through propagation networks on social media. The news propagation networks usually involve multi-levels. In this paper, we study the challenging problem of investigating and exploiting news hierarchical propagation network on social media for fake news detection. In an attempt to understand the correlations between news propagation networks and fake news, first, we build a hierarchical propagation network from macro-level and micro-level of fake news and true news; second, we perform a comparative analysis of the propagation network features of linguistic, structural and temporal perspectives between fake and real news, which demonstrates the potential of utilizing these features to detect fake news; third, we show the effectiveness of these propagation network features for fake news detection. We further validate the effectiveness of these features from feature important analysis. Altogether, this work presents a data-driven view of hierarchical propagation network and fake news and paves the way towards a healthier online news ecosystem.
WE‐A‐BRD‐01: Locating and Targeting Moving Tumors with Radiation Beams (2009)

The current climate of rapid technological evolution is reflected in newer and better methods to modulate and direct radiation beams for cancer therapy. This Continuing Education lecture focuses on one aspect of this evolution, locating and targeting moving tumors. The two processes — locating and targeting tumors— are somewhat independent and in principle different implementations of these processes can be interchanged. Advanced localization and targeting methods have an impact on treatment planning, and also present new challenges for quality assurance (QA), that of verifying real‐time delivery. Some methods to locate and target moving tumors with radiation beams are currently FDA approved for clinical use — and this availability and implementation will increase with time. Extensions of current capabilities will be the integration of higher order dimensionality into the estimate of the patient pose and real‐time reoptimization and adaption of delivery to the dynamically changing anatomy of cancer patients. Learning Objectives: 1. To describe the technology available to determine real‐time target position 2. To review the systems for real‐time target‐beam alignment 3. To discuss the practical considerations of real‐time target tracking systems Research sponsored by Accuray, Calypso, Cyberheart, GE, NIH/NCI, Philips and Varian.
A Bipolar Hybrid Circuit Breaker for Low-Voltage DC Circuits (2022)

Presently available dc breakers fall into three categories, mechanical, static, and hybrid dc breakers. With the advent of dc generation, loads, and circuits dc breakers are required for system protection. This paper proposes an alternate method to break dc currents for low-voltage applications. Higher voltages have not been tested due to limited resources and safety concerns; however, the proposed mechanism can potentially be used at higher voltages. The proposed mechanism utilizes two switches along with two diodes, to reverse the direction of the current flow and clear the fault. This is different than the conventional single-switch commute-and-absorb method used in mechanical or static breakers in the sense that it reverses the current direction and delivers part of the fault energy back to the source. It is shown that the proposed method can break the fault current effectively with minimal arc and significantly reduces the voltage stress across the mechanical switches. The initial results of this work have been presented in the ECCE2021. Extended simulation and experimental results are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed dc breaker. In addition, the application of the proposed dc breaker is illustrated for dc distribution system via simulations and the design procedure is explained.
Detecting Higher-Order Merge Conflicts in Large Software Projects (2020)

Merge conflicts can occur when multiple developers work concurrently on the same source code corpus. Diverging textual changes (in the same lines of code) are typically easy to resolve with help of common tools like Git. More challenging are higher-order merge conflicts. They arise as the result of unintended interactions between changes in different parts of the source code. Higher-order merge conflicts can be caused by a combination of changes, and so even thorough testing of the individual development branches might not be able to identify them. We suggest an approach based on static analysis and a prototypical tool to detect potential higher-order merge conflicts. Our method identifies potentially dangerous dependencies between changed code fragments in a call graph. An evaluation on SAP HANA, a very large industrial product in C++, shows that the approach is able to identify 62% of higher-order merge conflicts causing build failures over 22 months project development time. The same prototype finds no instance of higher-order merge conflicts causing test failures in SAP HANA during a two month development period. In summary, our method scales well and can identify higher-order merge conflicts which escape traditional testing.
Bridge Helix of Cas9 Modulates Target DNA Cleavage and Mismatch Tolerance (2019)

CRISPR-Cas systems are RNA-guided nucleases that provide adaptive immune protection for bacteria and archaea against intruding genomic materials. The programmable nature of CRISPR-targeting mechanisms has enabled their adaptation as powerful genome engineering tools. Cas9, a type II CRISPR effector protein, has been widely used for gene-editing applications owing to the fact that a single-guide RNA can direct Cas9 to cleave desired genomic targets. An understanding of the role of different domains of the protein and guide RNA-induced conformational changes of Cas9 in selecting target DNA has been and continues to enable development of Cas9 variants with reduced off-targeting effects. It has been previously established that an arginine-rich bridge helix (BH) present in Cas9 is critical for its activity. In the present study, we show that two proline substitutions within a loop region of the BH of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 impair the DNA cleavage activity by accumulating nicked products and reducing target DNA linearization. This in turn imparts a higher selectivity in DNA targeting. We discuss the probable mechanisms by which the BH-loop contributes to target DNA recognition.
Development of a Colorimetric Test for Uranium (2005)

This paper discusses the development of and proposed enhancements to a colorimetric test for the detection of uranium in biological samples such as urine. The goal of this work is to develop a technique for the detection of uranium that could: 1) be conducted rapidly and accurately; 2) would not require extensive sample preparation; 3) would not require expensive or complicated instrumentation; 4) would require little or no technical training to conduct; and 5) could be used in a field situation if needed. The technique described in this paper involves the following steps. A buffer is added to the sample to maintain the pH of the mixture within an experimentally acceptable range and a quaternary ammonium salt is added to aid in solubilization of the reaction components. A pyridylazo stain, 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol, capable of binding a variety of metals, is used to complex the uranium. This interaction has been made specific for uranium through the use of “masking agents. ” Color development indicating the presence of uranium is monitored and can be quantitated by determining the absorbance of the reaction mixture at 578 nm, using a spectrophotometer or colorimeter. At present, the limit of sensitivity of the procedure is approximately 30 µg of uranium/L. However, through the incorporation of a sample concentration step in the procedure, we believe we can greatly increase the sensitivity
Fluorescence profiling of single-mode optical fiber preforms (1981)

A new nondestructive and noncontacting method to measure accurately the refractive-index profile of single-mode optical fiber preforms is presented. The method is based on the fact that a Ge-doped preform core fluoresces strongly when excited by UV radiation. The preform, which need not be index matched, is excited transversely to its axis by a He-Cd laser emitting at a wavelength of 325 nm. The intensity of the resulting fluorescence radiation is detected by a video camera and plotted giving the index distribution directly. The profiles so obtained in <1 min are in excellent agreement with those measured by interferometry and by the focusing method, thus providing a simple yet powerful alternative to those techniques.
TLC (2013)

First level caches are performance-critical and are therefore optimized for speed. To do so, modern processors reduce the miss ratio by using set-associative caches and optimize latency by reading all ways in parallel with the TLB and tag lookup. However, this wastes energy since only data from one way is actually used.
An Improved and Highly Convergent Synthesis of 4‐Substituted‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐ones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Embedded-circuit meta-materials for novel design of tunable electro-ferromagnetic permeability, band-gap, and bianisotropic media (2004)

Utilizing the available materials in nature one can almost achieve any dielectric material with a relatively large permittivity property, however, the atoms and molecules have more restrictions to design a magnetic medium specially in gigahertz range. It is highly desirable if one could design a material with both permittivity and permeability parameters with a prescribed spectral characteristics. In this paper. we introduce an embedded-circuit meta-material composed of periodic high Q resonant circuits that it offers novel electromagnetic functionalities, namely, simultaneous high permittivity and permeability electro-ferromagnetic property, tunable band-gap, and tunable bianisotropic characteristics The electro-ferromagnetic property refers to a material whose permeability can be varied electronically by an applied DC electric field. The electronic tunability of electro-ferromagnetic, band-gap, and bianisotropic media is achieved by introducing BST varactors in the embedded-circuits. Exact analytical formulations for the effective parameters of the aforementioned embedded-circuit meta-materials are obtained using a transmission line analogy for a medium supporting TEM waves. A powerful finite difference time domain numerical technique is also employed to verify the analytical formulations and provide the wideband comprehensive characterization of the complex periodic structure.
Regulation of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression for Gluconeogenic Enzymes During Glucagon Infusions into Lactating Cows (1999)

The effects of glucagon infusions on expression of mRNA for enzymes that regulate gluconeogenesis were studied in lactating cows. Normal cows and cows with fatty liver that were susceptible to ketosis were assigned to either glucagon-treated or control groups. Glucagon at 0 or 10 mg/d was infused for 14 d beginning at d 21 postpartum. In normal cows, glucagon infusions increased concentrations of both plasma glucagon and glucose, which caused plasma insulin to increase. Consequently, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA decreased during wk 1 of glucagon infusions. Glucagon infusions into cows with fatty liver also increased plasma glucagon and glucose, but concentrations of plasma insulin and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA did not change. More phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA was present in the livers of cows with fatty liver than in livers of normal cows. In a follow-up experiment with midlactation cows, 3.5-h infusions of glucagon at 14 mg/d increased plasma glucose and insulin and decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids and hepatic glycogen. Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA was decreased 41%, pyruvate carboxylase mRNA was increased 50%, but fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase mRNA did not change. We conclude that the expression of the hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in normal cows is inhibited by insulin to balance elevated carbohydrate status during glucagon infusions; however, inhibited expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA probably is not involved in the pathogenesis of lactation ketosis.