gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Discrimination of Supraventricular Tachycardia from Sinus Tachycardia of Overlapping Cycle Lengths (1985)

SummaryFor more than 15 years, pulse generators (PG) have been implanted for the control of tachyarrhythmias. Patient-activated systems have not achieved wide acceptance due mainly to the need for direct patient participation. Automatic antitachycardia PGs have been limited by lack of flexibility of programmable parameters and the inability to discriminate pace-terminable (PT) tachycardias from sinus tachycardia and other non-PT rhythms.The Intermedics InterTach, a microprocessor-based second generation automatic antitachycardia pulse generator utilizes four programmable detection criteria to discriminate PT tachycardias from sinus and other non-PT tachycardias. These criteria, high rate, sudden onset, rate stability and sustained high rate can be programmed to any nine configurations.These detection criteria coupled with the PG’s diagnostic counters and the capability to perform non-invasive programmed stimulation via the programmer afford the physician greater flexibility in selecting the most efficacious parameters for individual patients. This flexibility is needed to expand the potential patient population for implantation of automatic antitachycardia devices.
A novel mixed conventional microstrip and composite right/left-handed backward-wave directional coupler with broadband and tight coupling characteristics (2004)

A novel backward directional coupler, composed of a conventional microstrip (CμS) line and composite right/left-handed (CRLH) line, is proposed. This coupler is functionally backward but it is based on a forward-type coupling phenomenon. The coupler is shown to exhibit broad bandwidth and tight coupling characteristics. The theoretical circuit-model results are supported by full-wave and experimental evidence. A quasi 0-dB prototype with more than 50% bandwidth is demonstrated.
Molecular structure and efficiency of triazole derivates and other heterocyclics as Corrosion inhibitors for copper (1987)

Abstract The inhibition of copper corrosion by various triazole derivates, benzotriazole (BT) and other heterocyclic compounds is investigated to reveal the relation between molecular structure and inhibition efficiency. Measurements of weight loss yield the protection factor S depending on inhibitor concentration c, potential ε, pH and temperature T. Current potential curves i(ε) show that various processes are inhibited, for example the oxygen reduction or the anodic copper oxidation. Capacity measurements and XPS analysis, prove the formation of protective layers, the stability of which determines the applicability of the inhibitor under varying conditions. The influence of molecular structure is explained on the basis of electrochemical and surface analytical measurements. 3‐Amino‐5‐alkyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles (AAT) are the best inhibitors in the whole pH range since they can form molecular compound layers in neutral and alkaline solutions but heteropolar‐compound layer in acid solutions. An intermediate aliphatic chain length gives the best efficiency since it allows sufficient solubility on the one hand and an effective hydrophobicity of the inhibitor layer on the other. The influence of similar heterocyclic compounds is tested but they have much smaller efficiencies. Benzotriazole is comparable in neutral and weak alkaline solutions but it is less effective in acid solutions and fails at high temperatures.
Detection of explosive materials by differential reflection spectroscopy (2006)

It is shown that traces of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) display strong and distinct structures in differential reflectograms, near 420 and 250nm. These characteristic peaks are not observed from moth balls, nail polish, polyvinyl chloride, starch, soap, paper, epoxy, aspirin, polycarbonate, aspartame, polystyrene, polyester, fertilizer, or sugar, to mention a few substances which may be in or on a suitcase. The described technique for detection of TNT is fast, inexpensive, reliable, and portable and does not require contact with the surveyed substance. Moreover, we have developed a curve recognition program for field applications of the technique. The origin of the spectra is discussed.
Polyamine analogs with antitumor activity (1990)

A series of tetraamines derived from 1,8-diaminooctane was prepared and tested as antitumor agents. The reaction of 1,8-diaminooctane with acrylonitrile gave N,N'-bis(cyanoethyl)-1,8-diaminooctane, which was reduced to tetraamine 20. Alkylation of the terminal nitrogen atoms of the tetra-Boc derivative of this compound by methyl or ethyl halide followed by removal of the Boc groups gave the bis(alkyl)polyamines 26a and 26b, respectively. These three compounds exhibit promising antitumor activity in the mouse L1210 leukemia model. Coadministration of a polyamine oxidase inhibitor potentiated the antitumor activity.
Time-critical collision detection using an average-case approach (2003)

We present a novel, generic framework and algorithm for hierarchical collision detection, which allows an application to balance speed and quality of the collision detection.We pursue an average-case approach that yields a numerical measure of the quality. This can either be specified by the simulation or interaction, or it can help to assess the result of the collision detection in a time-critical system.Conceptually, we consider sets of polygons during traversal and estimate probabilities that there is an intersection among these sets. This can be done efficiently by storing characteristics about the average distribution of the set of polygons with each node in a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH). Consequently, we neither need any polygon intersection tests nor access to any polygons during the collision detection process.Our approach can be applied to virtually any BVH. Therefore, we call a BVH that has been augmented in this way an average-distribution tree or ADB-tree.We have implemented our new approach with two basic BVHs and present performance measurements and comparisons with a very fast previous algorithm, namely the DOP-tree. The results show a speedup of about a factor 3 to 6 with only approximately 4% error.
Automatic detection of schwalbe's line in the anterior chamber angle of the eye using HD-OCT images (2010)

Angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of blindness in Asia and could be detected by measuring the anterior chamber angle (ACA) using gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy or anterior segment (AS) optical coherence tomography (OCT). The current software in the VisanteTM OCT system by Zeiss is based on manual labeling of the scleral spur, cornea and iris and is a tedious process for ophthalmologists. Furthermore, the scleral spur can not be identified in about 20% to 30% of OCT images and thus measurements of the ACA are not reliable. However, high definition (HD) OCT has identified a more consistent landmark: Schwalbe's line. This paper presents a novel algorithm which automatically detects Schwalbe's line in HD-OCT scans. The average deviation between the values detected using our algorithm and those labeled by the ophthalmologist is less than 0.5% and 0.35% in the horizontal and vertical image dimension, respectively. Furthermore, we propose a new measurement to quantify ACA which is defined as Schwalbe's line bounded area (SLBA).
Casting uniform ceramics with direct coagulation (1995)

Today complex-shaped ceramic parts are mass fabricated by many different methods, two of which are slip casting and injection molding. The selection of the appropriate technique is governed by the geometric shape, the number of pieces to be manufactured, and the chemistry of the ceramic. Both slip casting and injection molding introduce imperfections in the green part, which lead to inhomogeneous microstructures in the sintered parts. A new fabrication method, direct coagulation casting (DCC), may be suitable for the mass production of complex ceramic parts with high strength and reliability. In DCC, an aqueous suspension is coagulated by a change in pH or an increase in ionic strength after casting, producing a rigid green body. The use of DCC can avoid most of the limitations of conventional shaping techniques, and it can be applied to a large variety of ceramic powders, sols, and polymers, alone or in combination.
Pole-zero decision feedback equalization with a rapidly converging adaptive IIR algorithm (1991)

A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) containing a feedback filter with both poles and zeros is proposed for high-speed digital communications over the subscriber loop. The feedback filter is composed of a relatively short FIR filter that cancels the initial part of the channel impulse response, which may contain rapid variations due to bridge taps, and a pole-zero, or IIR, filter that cancels the smoothly decaying tail of the impulse response. Modifications of an adaptive IIR algorithm, based on the Steiglitz-McBride (1965) identification scheme, are proposed to adapt the feedback filter. A measured subscriber loop impulse response is used to compare the performance of the adaptive pole-zero DFE, assuming a two-pole feedback filter, with a conventional DFE having the same number of coefficients. Results show that the pole-zero DFE offers a significant improvement in mean squared error relative to the conventional DFE. The speed convergence of the adaptive pole-zero DFE is comparable to that of the conventional DFE using the standard least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Long‐term Dietary Supplementation with Antioxidants<sup>a</sup> (1998)

The impact of diet and specific food groups on aging and age-associated degenerative diseases has been widely recognized in recent years. The modern concept of the free radical theory of aging takes as its basis a shift in the antioxidant/prooxidant balance that leads to increased oxidative stress, dysregulation of cellular function, and aging. In the context of this theory, antioxidants can influence the primary "intrinsic" aging process as well as several secondary age-associated pathological processes. For the latter, several epidemiological and clinical studies have revealed potential roles for dietary antioxidants in the age-associated decline of immune function and the reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality from cancer and heart disease. We reported that long-term supplementation with vitamin E enhances immune function in aged animals and elderly subjects. We have also found that the beneficial effect of vitamin E in the reduction of risk of atherosclerosis is, in part, associated with molecular modulation of the interaction of immune and endothelial cells. Even though the effects of dietary antioxidants on aging have been mostly observed in relation to age-associated diseases, the effects cannot be totally separated from those related to the intrinsic aging process. For modulation of the aging process by antioxidants, earlier reports have indicated that antioxidant feeding increased the median life span of mice to some extent. To further delineate the effect of dietary antioxidants on aging and longevity, middle-aged (18 mo) C57BL/6NIA male mice were fed ad libitum semisynthetic AIN-76 diets supplemented with different antioxidants (vitamin E, glutathione, melatonin, and strawberry extract). We found that dietary antioxidants had no effect on the pathological outcome or on mean and maximum life span of the mice, which was observed despite the reduced level of lipid peroxidation products, 4-hydroxynonenol, in the liver of animals supplemented with vitamin E and strawberry extract (1.34 +/- 0.4 and 1.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/g, respectively) compared to animals fed the control diet (2.35 +/- 1.4 nmol/g). However, vitamin E-supplemented mice had significantly lower lung viral levels following influenza infection, a viral challenge associated with oxidative stress. These and other observations indicate that, at present, the effects of dietary antioxidants are mainly demonstrated in connection with age-associated diseases in which oxidative stress appears to be intimately involved. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on longevity in the context of moderate caloric restriction.
A look-up-table digital predistortion technique for high-voltage power amplifiers in ultrasonic applications (2012)

In this paper, we present a digital predistortion technique to improve the linearity and power efficiency of a high-voltage class-AB power amplifier (PA) for ultrasound transmitters. The system is composed of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in which the digital predistortion (DPD) algorithm is implemented. The DPD algorithm updates the error, which is the difference between the ideal signal and the attenuated distorted output signal, in the look-up table (LUT) memory during each cycle of a sinusoidal signal using the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. On the next signal cycle, the error data are used to equalize the signal with negative harmonic components to cancel the amplifier's nonlinear response. The algorithm also includes a linear interpolation method applied to the windowed sinusoidal signals for the B-mode and Doppler modes. The measurement test bench uses an arbitrary function generator as the DAC to generate the input signal, an oscilloscope as the ADC to capture the output waveform, and software to implement the DPD algorithm. The measurement results show that the proposed system is able to reduce the second-order harmonic distortion (HD2) by 20 dB and the third-order harmonic distortion (HD3) by 14.5 dB, while at the same time improving the power efficiency by 18%.
High Sensitivity Long-Wave Infrared Detector Design Based on Integrated Plasmonic Absorber and VO₂ Nanobeam (2021)

We report a novel design for bolometric infrared detector operating at the long-wave infrared (LWIR) range for high-resolution human body temperature sensing and monitoring. We propose to incorporate efficient plasmonic absorber and high-responsivity VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanobeam biased at transition temperature in our design to facilitate improvement in both aspects - thermal resolution and spatial resolution. The integration of plasmonic absorber allows efficient and selective radiation absorption. The use of a transducing nanobeam placed in close proximity to the plasmonic local heaters allows the radiation energy to be electronically readable. The use of nanobeam instead of a film in the detector allows over two-orders of magnitude improvement in responsivity owing to the large length to cross-sectional area ratio. Additionally, the use of nanobeam reduces the thermal mass and improves the bandwidth. Our calculation suggests a responsivity of as high as 700 kV/W at 100 Hz for a detector of only 12 μm ×12 μm pixel size. Also, the theoretical noise equivalent temperature difference is calculated to be as low as 3.67 mK which is almost an order of improvement than the state-of-the-art bolometric LWIR detectors with larger pixel dimensions.
A nonlinear adaptive digital filter (1988)

An adjustable, memoryless, single-valued, monotonic nonlinearity is introduced between the output point of a linear adaptive FIR (finite-impulse response) filter and the output point of the system. A control strategy is derived that permits the simultaneous shaping of both the power spectrum and the amplitude-density function of the system output by jointly adjusting the shape of the nonlinearity and the tap weights of the linear filter. A mechanization diagram and some mechanization considerations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient image coding using multiresolution wavelet transform and vector quantization (2002)

Image compression forms the backbone for several applications such as storage of images in a database, picture archiving, TV and facsimile transmission, and video conferencing. Compression of images involves taking advantage of the redundancy in data present within an image. A fundamental goal of image compression is to reduce the bit rate for transmission and storage while maintaining an acceptable fidelity or image quality. Existing VQ algorithms however, suffer from a number of practical problems, e.g. codebook initialization, long search process, and getting trapped in local minima. This paper presents an adaptive vector quantization algorithm which uses a neuro-fuzzy clustering technique for optimizing the distortion measure. The fuzzy approach forms the basis for accurately optimizing each codevector by determining the fuzzy centroid of each class. In addition, a multiresolution wavelet decomposition scheme is adopted to make the image better suited for compression and to enable its progressive transmission.
Parabolic dictionary learning for seismic wavefield reconstruction across the streamers (2018)

Dictionary learning (DL) methods are effective tools to automatically find a sparse representation of a data set. They train a set of basis vectors on the data to capture the morphology of the redundant signals. The basis vectors are called atoms, and the set is referred to as the dictionary. This dictionary can be used to represent the data in a sparse manner with a linear combination of a few of its atoms. In conventional DL, the atoms are unstructured and are only numerically defined over a grid that has the same sampling as the data. Consequently, the atoms are unknown away from this sampling grid, and a sparse representation of the data in the dictionary domain is not sufficient information to interpolate the data. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a DL method called parabolic DL, in which each learned atom is constrained to represent an elementary waveform that has a constant amplitude along a parabolic traveltime moveout. The parabolic structure is consistent with the physics inherent to the seismic wavefield and can be used to easily interpolate or extrapolate the atoms. Hence, we have developed a parabolic DL-based process to interpolate and regularize seismic data. Briefly, it consists of learning a parabolic dictionary from the data, finding a sparse representation of the data in the dictionary domain, interpolating the dictionary atoms over the desired grid, and, finally, taking the sparse representation of the data in the interpolated dictionary domain. We examine three characteristics of this method, i.e., the parabolic structure, the sparsity promotion, and the adaptation to the data, and we conclude that they strengthen robustness to noise and to aliasing and that they increase the accuracy of the interpolation. For both synthetic and field data sets, we have successful seismic wavefield reconstructions across the streamers for typical 3D acquisition geometries.
Effect of Automated Bio-Behavioral Feedback on the Control of Type 1 Diabetes (2011)

Feedback of SMBG data and summary SMBG-based measures resulted in improvement in average glycemic control and reduction in moderate/severe hypoglycemia. These effects were most prominent in subjects who were at highest risk at the baseline.
Hybrid active learning for non-stationary streaming data with asynchronous labeling (2015)

Active learning enables supervised classifiers to learn using fewer labeled samples, by actively selecting samples for human labeling. Most Active Learning approaches can be categorized as pool-based or stream-based. Pool-based strategies select instances to be labeled from the available pool of unlabeled data, by evaluating each instance, whereas stream-based strategies examine every instance in the incoming stream of unlabeled data and decide sequentially whether they want that instance to be labeled or not. Stream-based strategies enable the ability to adapt the classifier model more quickly as the incoming data changes, while pool-based strategies often exhibit better learning rates. In this paper, we propose a framework and method for Hybrid Active Learning that integrates pool-based and stream-based strategies to harvest the benefits of both, in a streaming data classification scenario where concept drift may be prevalent, and labeling is asynchronous. In addition, we propose (i) prioritized aggregation of selection to combine selected instances for labeling from the pool-based and stream-based strategies, and (ii) batch period adaptation to dynamically change the triggering pattern of the pool-based strategy based upon the detection of concept drift.
A strategy for theoretical binding constant, <i>K</i><sub>i</sub>, calculations for neuraminidase aromatic inhibitors designed on the basis of the active site structure of influenza virus neuraminidase (1995)

Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the two major surface antigens of influenza virus. It plays an indispensable role in the release and spread of progeny virus particles during infection. NA inhibitors reduce virus infection in animals. To improve the clinical efficacy of NA inhibitors, we have begun the design of non-carbohydrate inhibitors based on the active site structure of NA. The approach is an iterative process of ligand modeling and electrostatic calculations followed by chemical synthesis of compounds, biological testing, and NA-inhibitor complex structure determination by X-ray crystallography. A strategy has been developed to calculate Ki for newly designed inhibitors. The calculations using the DelPhi program were performed for carbohydrate inhibitors and three preliminary benzoic acid inhibitors of neuraminidase (BANA) that have been synthesized and shown to bind to the active site of NA in the crystal structure. The calculated Kis of these inhibitors have an enlightening agreement with their in vitro biological activities. This demonstrates that the calculations produce informative results on the affinity of modeled inhibitors. GRID maps were also calculated and several pockets were identified for accepting possible new ligands. The calculated Kis for newly designed ligands suggest that these potential compounds will have high inhibitory activities.
Frequency of Detection and Prevalence Factors Associated with Common Respiratory Pathogens in Equids with Acute Onset of Fever and/or Respiratory Signs (2008–2021) (2022)

A voluntary biosurveillance program was established in 2008 in order to determine the shedding frequency and prevalence factors for common respiratory pathogens associated with acute onset of fever and/or respiratory signs in equids from the USA. Over a period of 13 years, a total of 10,296 equids were enrolled in the program and nasal secretions were analyzed for the qPCR detection of equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), EHV-4, equine rhinitis A and B virus (ERVs), and <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subspecies <i>equi</i> (<i>S. equi</i>). Single infections with respiratory pathogens were detected in 21.1% of the submissions with EIV (6.8%) and EHV-4 (6.6%) as the two most prevalent viruses, followed by <i>S. equi</i> (4.7%), ERVs (2.3%), and EHV-1 (0.7%). Multiple pathogens were detected in 274 horses (2.7%) and no respiratory pathogens in 7836 horses (76.2%). Specific prevalence factors were determined for each of the six respiratory pathogen groups; most differences were associated with age, breed, and use of the horses, while the clinical signs were fairly consistent between viral and bacterial respiratory infections. Monitoring the frequency of detection of common respiratory pathogens is important in order to gain a better understanding of their epidemiology and to implement management practices aimed at controlling disease spread.