gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining the valine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow (1994)

Two hundred-three large white x Landrace or large white x Chester White x Landrace sows (40 or 41/treatment, avg parity 3.7) were used in a 26 d lactation experiment to determine the valine requirement of high-producing sows. All diets were formulated to .9% lysine with all amino acids other than valine formulated to be at least 110% of their respective ratios relative to lysine. Synthetic valine replaced cornstarch to provide .75, .85, .95, 1.05, and 1.15% dietary valine. Corresponding valine:lysine ratios were 83, 94, 106, 117, and 128% of lysine. The experiment was conducted at two experiment stations from July, 1993 through January, 1994. Mean litter size of all treatments after adjustment was 10.33 pigs. Sow feed intake and grams of lysine intake were not different among treatments. Grams of valine intake increased linearly as dietary valine increased. Litter weight at d 21 and weaning increased linearly with increasing dietary valine. Litter weight gain from d 0 to 7 increased linearly as dietary valine increased to 1.15 %. Litter weight gain from d 0 to 21 and d 0 to weaning increased linearly as dietary valine increased, with the greatest portion of the response observed as valine increased to 1.05% of the diet. Dietary valine had no effect on sow weight change, 10th rib backfat (BF) change, or last lumbar BF change from d 0 to 21 or d 0 to weaning. Days to estrus postweaning were not affected by dietary valine. These results demonstrate that high-producing sows have a dietary valine requirement of at least 117% of lysine during lactation (66.4 g/d valine), much greater than is currently recommended by NRC (1988; 100% of lysine) or ARC (1981; 70% of lysine) to maximize litter weaning weight and litter weight gain.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1994
A new method for preparation of tungsten carbide powder by in situ electrochemical reduction (2021)

A new electrochemical method for efficient and green recovery of cemented carbide in a molten salt is described. Tungsten powder is the main product when recovering cemented carbide by molten salt electrolysis. However, the main purpose of tungsten powder is to make tungsten carbide. Based on this, a new method for preparing tungsten carbide by in situ reduction was developed. Pure tungsten carbide powder was successfully prepared in situ by pulse electrolysis in a NaF–KF molten salt system at 1073 K. This not only effectively recovers the spent cemented carbide, but also enriches the product system and optimizes the method for preparation of tungsten carbide powder.
Binding of indolylalkylamines at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors: examination of a hydrophobic binding region (1990)

Taking advantage of a proposed hydrophobic region on 5-HT2 receptors previously identified by radioligand-binding studies utilizing various phenylisopropylamine derivatives, we prepared and evaluated several N1 - and/or C7-alkyl-substituted derivatives of alpha-methyltryptamine in order to improve its affinity and selectivity. It was determined that substitution of an n-propyl or amyl group has similar effect on affinity regardless of location (i.e., N1 or C7). The low affinity of several N1-alkylpyrroleethylamines suggests that the benzene portion of the alpha-methyltryptamines is necessary for significant affinity. Whereas tryptamine derivatives generally display little selectivity for the various populations of 5-HT receptors, N1-n-propyl-5-methoxy-alpha-methyltryptamine (3h) binds with significant affinity (Ki = 12 nM) and selectivity at 5-HT2 receptors relative to 5-HT1A (Ki = 7100 nM), 5-HT1B (Ki = 5000 nM), 5-HT1C (Ki = 120 nM), and 5-HT1D (Ki greater than 10,000 nM) receptors. As a consequence, this is the most 5-HT2-selective indolylalkylamine derivative reported to date.
Experimental evidence for mode shape influence on acceleration-induced frequency shifts in quartz resonators (1990)

Experimental results are presented to support the hypothesis that the shape and location of the active region of vibration in a thickness shear mode quartz resonator are the dominant factors in determining the acceleration sensitivity of the resonator. The shape and location of the mode in a real world resonator vary sufficiently from unit to unit (due to material and processing variations) that all other considerations are overwhelmed. It is shown experimentally that the mode shape and/or location can be trimmed with energy trapping by judicious addition or subtraction of mass to produce resonators with improved acceleration sensitivity.
Complementarity and redundancy of the binding specificity of HLA-DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4 and -DRB5 molecules (2001)

The second HLA-DR molecules, which are encoded by loci different from HLA-DRB1 are weakly polymorphic. Predominant alleles such as HLA-DRB3*0101, HLA-DRB4*0101 and HLA-DRB5*0101 are therefore interesting targets to define antigenic peptides with major impact for the entire population. Strikingly, they have been poorly investigated. Thus we have characterized peptides from the major bee venom allergen that bind efficiently to these molecules and compared them to peptides specific for preponderant HLA-DRB1 molecules. Interestingly, DRB5*0101 and DRB1*0701 molecules share four binding peptides and use some identical anchor residues. Similarities are also found between DRB3*0101 and its haplotype-associated molecules DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1301. In sharp contrast, DRB4*0101 exhibits a unique binding specificity, which results from particular structural features of its peptide binding site. Ybeta81 seems to alter the amino acid preferences of the P1 pocket, while Rbeta71, Ebeta74, Nbeta26 and Cbeta13 confer to the P4 pocket a unique topology. Our results show that the two HLA-DR molecules expressed in most haplotypes studied here have mostly complementary binding patterns. Only haplotype HLA-DR52 exhibits peptide binding redundancies. Finally our results document functional similarities among HLA-DR molecules and allow us to propose peptide sequences that might be useful for bee venom immunotherapy.
Studies of ion beam generation efficiency with reflex tetrodes (1978)

The unidirectionality of the ion current in a reflex tetrode has as a result the efficient generation of pulsed, ion beams. In this paper, experimental results are reported on the dependence of the ion generation efficiency, in a reflex tetrode, upon the applied voltage, total current, anode-anode and anode-cathode separations and applied magnetic field. (Author)
LTE for Public Safety Networks: Synchronization in the Presence of Jamming (2017)

In this paper, an algorithm for timing synchronization, cell identity detection, and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is presented for long-term evolution (LTE) systems. The proposed algorithm is robust against partial-band interference and/or jamming. It utilizes adaptive filtering to suppress the contribution of the jamming signal to the timing detection metric without using any <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> knowledge of the jamming signal characteristics. The timing detection metric is computed by minimizing the output of the adaptive filter corresponding to any received signal that does not match the signature of the LTE primary synchronization signals (PSS). The filter coefficients are updated iteratively using the recursive least squares algorithm. The frequency response of the adaptive filter at the PSS detection instant is used to weight the contribution of different subcarriers to the metrics used in cell identity detection and CFO estimation. Simulation results are presented showing the ability of the proposed algorithm to complete the synchronization process successfully even in the presence of partial-band jamming signals that cover one third of the frequency band of the LTE synchronization signals.
CloudAlloc (2012)

Cloud computing has emerged as a promising environment capable of providing flexibility, scalability, elasticity, fail-over mechanisms, high availability, and other important features to applications. Compute clusters are relatively easy to create and use, but tools to effectively share cluster resources are lacking. CloudAlloc addresses this problem and schedules workloads to cluster resources using allocation algorithms that can be easily changed according to the objectives of the enterprise. It also monitors resource utilization and thus, provides accountability for actual usage. CloudAlloc is a lightweight, flexible, easy-to-use tool for cluster resource allocation that has also proved useful as a research platform. We demonstrate its features and also discuss its allocation algorithms that minimize power usage. CloudAlloc was implemented and is in use at HP Labs.
Maximizing the sustained throughput of distributed continuous queries (2006)

Monitoring systems today often involve continuous queries over streaming data, in a distributed collaborative system. The distribution of query operators over a network of processors, and their processing sequence, form a query configuration with inherent constraints on the throughput it can support. In this paper we propose to optimize stream queries with respect to a version of throughput measure, the profiled input throughput. This measure is focused on matching the expected behavior of the input streams. To prune the search space we used hill-climbing techniques that proved to be efficient and effective.
Highly selective membranes in protein ultrafiltration (2004)

A new ultrafiltration technique based on a multimembrane stack has been developed to fractionate solutes closer in size than conventionally possible. The technique is illustrated here by obtaining a pure protein product from a binary protein mixture. By employing membranes in series without any gaskets or spacers in-between, ultrafiltration is carried out to separate two proteins relatively close in molecular weight or size. Flat YM30 regenerated cellulose membranes, all of the same molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 30,000, are stacked together in the desired number, and ultrafiltration takes place. The membrane rejection of a protein is amplified with each additional membrane, ultimately resulting in a completely rejected species. Complete purification of the more permeable protein may be achieved regardless of the physicochemical condition that may be optimal or suboptimal for selective separation by a single membrane. Two systems, myoglobin and beta-lactoglobulin, as well as myoglobin and alpha-lactalbumin were studied, under various operating conditions. The solvent flux reduction encountered when each membrane is added may also be avoided, by operating at increased pressure, while still achieving the desired purification. Cleaning in situ is achievable with reproducible experimental results before and after on-line cleaning. The results clearly demonstrate that multimembrane stacks can be used for fractionation of proteins that are quite close in molecular weight/size.
Application of Flameless Combustion in Gas Turbine Engines (2006)

The current study examines the adaptability of flameless combustion to gas turbine engines. This mode of combustion has been used in industrial furnaces as a means of producing uniform combustion temperature with low emissions. Industrial applications use multiple staged burners, or heavy exterior recirculation lines unsuited for aero-engines. This study is to determine the viability of a flameless burner design for aero-engines. Variations of inlet temperature, pressure drop, and combustor geometry were tested to determine the limits of flameless combustion within constraints acceptable to current and future aircraft engines. Important aspects of flameless combustion include uniform temperature distribution, low emissions, and decoupling between heat transfer, fluid mechanisms, and acoustics. To determine these relationships, emissions of CO, NOX, O2, CO2, and UHC were taken. Multiple thermocouples at the combustor exit were placed to determine exit temperature uniformity, while a microphone was used to collect acoustical measurements. Data was taken starting at equivalence ratio of 0.7 and decreasing to lean-blow-out (LBO) to determine flammability limits using the flameless burner.
Mid-wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistors based on type-II InAs/AlSb/GaSb superlattices (2016)

A mid-wavelength infrared heterojunction phototransistor based on type-II InAs/AlSb/GaSb superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. Near a wavelength of 4 μm saturated optical gains of 668 and 639 at 77 and 150 K, respectively, are demonstrated over a wide dynamic range. At 150 K, the unity optical gain collector dark current density and DC current gain are 1 × 10−3 A/cm2 and 3710, respectively. This demonstrates the potential for use in high-speed applications. In addition, the phototransistor exhibits a specific detectivity value that is four times higher compared with a state-of-the-art type-II superlattice-based photodiode with a similar cut-off wavelength at 150 K.
Development of an electrostatically clean solar array panel (2002)

The results of design, analysis, and qualification of an electrostatically clean solar array (ECSA) panel are described. The objective of the ECSA design is to provide an electrostatic environment that does not interfere with sensitive instruments on scientific spacecraft. The ECSA design uses large, ITO-coated coverglasses that cover multiple solar cells, an aperture grid that covers the inter-cell areas, stress-relieved interconnects for connecting the aperture grid to the coverglasses, and edge clips to provide an electromagnetically shielded enclosure for the solar array active circuitry. Qualification coupons were fabricated and tested for photovoltaic response, conductivity, and survivability to launch acoustic and thermal cycling environments simulating LEO and GEO missions. The benefits of reducing solar panel interaction with the space environment are also discussed.
GSK3β Regulates Myelin-Dependent Axon Outgrowth Inhibition through CRMP4 (2010)

Myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) contribute to failed regeneration in the CNS. The intracellular signaling pathways through which MAIs block axonal repair remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the kinase GSK3beta is directly phosphorylated and inactivated by MAIs, consequently regulating protein-protein interactions that are critical for myelin-dependent inhibition. Inhibition of GSK3beta mimics the neurite outgrowth inhibitory effect of myelin. The inhibitory effects of GSK3beta inhibitors and myelin are not additive indicating that GSK3beta is a major effector of MAIs. Consistent with this, overexpression of GSK3beta attenuates myelin inhibition. MAI-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3beta regulate phosphorylation of CRMP4, a cytosolic regulator of myelin inhibition, and its ability to complex with RhoA. Introduction of a CRMP4 antagonist attenuates the neurite outgrowth inhibitory properties of GSK3beta inhibitors. We describe the first example of GSK3beta inactivation in response to inhibitory ligands and link the neurite outgrowth inhibitory effects of GSK3beta inhibition directly to CRMP4. These findings raise the possibility that GSK3beta inhibition will not effectively promote long-distance CNS regeneration following trauma such as spinal cord injury.
Security for Low-Latency Group Communication (2016)

Some Internet of Things application domains require secure group
communication. This draft describes procedures for authorization, key
management, and securing group messages. We specify the usage of
object security at the application layer for group communication and
assume that CoAP is used as the application layer protocol. The
architecture allows the usage of symmetric and asymmetric keys to
secure the group messages. The asymmetric key solution provides the
ability to uniquely authenticate the source of all group messages and
this is the recommended architecture for most applications. However,
some applications have strict requirements on latency for group
communication (e.g. in non-emergency lighting applications) and it may
not always be feasible to use the secure source authenticated
architecture. In such applications we recommend the use of dynamically
generated symmetric group keys to secure group communications.
A review on organic spintronic materials and devices: I. Magnetic field effect on organic light emitting diodes (2016)

Organic spintronics is an emerging and potential platform for future electronics and display due to the intriguing properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs). For the past decade, studies have focused on three types of organic spintronic phenomena: (i) magnetic field effect (MFE) in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), where spin mixing between singlet and triplet polaron pairs (PP) can be influenced by an external magnetic field leading to organic magnetoresistive effect (OMAR); (ii) magnetoresistance (MR) in organic spin valves (OSVs), where spin injection, transport, manipulation, and detection have been demonstrated; and (iii) magnetoelectroluminescence (MEL) bipolar OSVs or spin-OLEDs, where spin polarized electrons and holes are simultaneously injected into the OSC layer, leading to the dependence of electroluminescence intensity on relative magnetization of the electrodes. In this first of two review papers, we present major experimental results on OMAR studies and current understanding of OMAR using several spin dependent processes in organic semiconductors. During the discussion, we highlight some of the outstanding challenges in this promising research field. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of organic spintronics.
A Phosphotyrosine‐Imprinted Polymer Receptor for the Recognition of Tyrosine Phosphorylated Peptides (2008)

Hyperphosphorylation at tyrosine is commonly observed in tumor proteomes and, hence, specific phosphoproteins or phosphopeptides could serve as markers useful for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The analysis of such targets is, however, a challenging task, because of their commonly low abundance and the lack of robust and effective preconcentration techniques. As a robust alternative to the commonly used immunoaffinity techniques that rely on phosphotyrosine(pTyr)-specific antibodies, we have developed an epitope-imprinting strategy that leads to a synthetic pTyr-selective imprinted polymer receptor. The binding site incorporates two monourea ligands placed by preorganization around a pTyr dianion template. The tight binding site displayed good binding affinities for the pTyr template, in the range of that observed for corresponding antibodies, and a clear preference for pTyr over phosphoserine (pSer). In further analogy to the antibodies, the imprinted polymer was capable of capturing short tyrosine phosphorylated peptides in the presence of an excess of their non-phosphorylated counterparts or peptides phosphorylated at serine.
Depleted double-heterojunction optical thyristor (1994)

A novel double-heterojunction PnpN optical thyristor is presented in which both the center n-layer and the center p-layer are completely depleted at equilibrium. This structure is an extremely attractive optoelectronic switch, because it allows the marriage of two usually incompatible features: speed and optical sensitivity. The speed results from the fact that our PnpN-structure can be reset to equilibrium, from any point on the current-voltage characteristics, in less than 10 ns by means of a simple negative anode-to-cathode voltage pulse. The optical sensitivity is a direct consequence of the center n- and p-layers being completely depleted of free carriers at equilibrium. We show experimental evidence of this reset operation by studying the dynamics of the free-carrier extraction from the center n- and p-layers.
Identification of a Phenylthiazole Small Molecule with Dual Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity Against Candida albicans and Candida auris (2019)

Candida species are a leading source of healthcare infections globally. The limited number of antifungal drugs combined with the isolation of Candida species, namely C. albicans and C. auris, exhibiting resistance to current antifungals necessitates the development of new therapeutics. The present study tested 85 synthetic phenylthiazole small molecules for antifungal activity against drug-resistant C. albicans. Compound 1 emerged as the most potent molecule, inhibiting growth of C. albicans and C. auris strains at concentrations ranging from 0.25-2 µg/mL. Additionally, compound 1 inhibited growth of other clinically-relevant yeast (Cryptococcus) and molds (Aspergillus) at a concentration as low as 0.50 µg/mL. Compound 1 exhibited rapid fungicidal activity, reducing the burden of C. albicans and C. auris below the limit of detection within 30 minutes. Compound 1 exhibited potent antibiofilm activity, similar to amphotericin B, reducing the metabolic activity of adherent C. albicans and C. auris biofilms by more than 66% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, compound 1 prolonged survival of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with strains of C. albicans and C. auris, relative to the untreated control. The present study highlights phenylthiazole small molecules, such as compound 1, warrant further investigation as novel antifungal agents for drug-resistant Candida infections.
Novel light-emitting devices based on pyridine-containing conjugated polymers (1997)

We present novel light-emitting devices based on several pyridine-containing conjugated polymers and copolymers in various device configurations. The high electron affinity of pyridine-based polymers improves stability and electron transport properties of the polymers and enables the use of relatively stable metals such as Al as electron injecting contacts. Bilayer devices utilizing poly(9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) as a hole-transporting/electron-blocking polymer show dramatically improved efficiency and brightness as compared to single layer devices. This is attributed to charge confinement and exciplex emission at the PVK/emitting polymer interface. The incorporation of conducting polyaniline network electrode into PVK reduces the device turn-on voltage significantly while maintaining the high efficiency. Two novel device configurations that enable the use of high work function metals as electrodes are pointed out.
Demonstration of a 1024 $\times$ 1024 Pixel InAs–GaSb Superlattice Focal Plane Array (2010)

We describe the demonstration of a 1024 × 1024 pixel long-wavelength infrared focal plane array based on an InAs-GaSb superlattice absorber surrounded by an electron-blocking and a hole-blocking unipolar barrier. An 11.5-μm cutoff focal plane without antireflection coating based on this complementary barrier infrared detector design has yielded noise equivalent differential temperature of 53 mK at operating temperature of 80 K, with 300 K background and f/2 cold-stop.
Building Scalable Failure-proneness Models Using Complexity Metrics for Large Scale Software Systems (2006)

Building statistical models for estimating failure-proneness of systems can help software organizations make early decisions on the quality of their systems. Such early estimates can be used to help inform decisions on testing, refactoring, code inspections, design rework etc. This paper demonstrates the efficacy of building scalable failure-proneness models based on code complexity metrics across the Microsoft Windows operating system code base. We show the ability of such models to estimate failure-proneness and provide feedback on the complexity metrics to help guide refactoring and the design rework effort.