gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>L</scp>‐Arginyl‐3,4‐Spermidine is neuroprotective in several <i>in vitro</i> models of neurodegeneration and <i>in vivo</i> ischaemia without suppressing synaptic transmission (2002)

1. Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the world, and there is a clear need to develop new therapeutics for the stroke victim. To address this need, we generated a combinatorial library of polyamine compounds based on sFTX-3.3 toxin from which L-Arginyl-3,4-Spermidine (L-Arg-3,4) emerged as a lead neuroprotective compound. In the present study, we have extended earlier results to examine the compound's neuroprotective actions in greater detail. 2. In an in vitro ischaemia model, L-Arg-3,4 significantly reduced CA1 cell death when administered prior to induction of 60 min of ischaemia as well as when administered immediately after ischaemia. Surprisingly, L-Arg-3,4 continued to prevent cell death significantly when administration was delayed for as long as 60 min after ischaemia. 3. L-Arg-3,4 significantly reduced cell death in excitotoxicity models mediated by glutamate, NMDA, AMPA, or kainate. Unlike glutamate receptor antagonists, 300 microM L-Arg-3,4 did not suppress synaptic transmission as measured by evoked responses in acute hippocampal slices. 4. L-Arg-3,4 provided significant protection, in vitro, in a superoxide mediated injury model and prevented an increase of superoxide production after AMPA or NMDA stimulation. It also decreased nitric oxide production after in vitro ischaemia and NMDA stimulation, but did so without inhibiting nitric oxide synthase directly. 5. Furthermore, L-Arg-3,4 was significantly neuroprotective in an in vivo model of global forebrain ischaemia, without any apparent neurological side-effects. 6. Taken together, these results demonstrate that L-Arg-3,4 is protective in several models of neurodegeneration and may have potential as a new therapeutic compound for the treatment of stroke, trauma, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
BlueFlash : a reconfigurable flash controller for BlueDBM (2014)

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
The Preparation of Novel L-<i>Iso</i>-Glutamine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents (2003)

A series of novel L- iso-glutamine derivatives were prepared by condensing of compound 4 with various amino acid methyl esters. These compounds have not been reported in literature, and their chemical structures were confirmed by ESI-MS, IR and NMR.
Correlated alterations in prostate basal cell layer and basement membrane (2009)

Our recent studies revealed that focal basal cell layer disruption (FBCLD) induced auto-immunoreactions represented a contributing factor for human prostate tumor progression and invasion. As the basement membrane surrounds and attaches to the basal cell layer, our current study assessed whether FBCLD would impact the physical integrity of the associated basement membrane. Paraffin sections from 25-human prostate tumors were subjected to double immunohistochemistry to simultaneously elucidate the basal cell layer and the basement membrane with corresponding biomarkers. The physical integrity of the basement membrane overlying FBCLD was examined to determine the extent of correlated alterations. Of a total of 89 FBCLD encountered, 76 (85 %) showed correlated alterations in the overlying basement membrane, which included distinct focal disruptions or fragmentations. In the remaining 13 (15%) FBCLD, the overlying basement membrane showed significant attenuation or reduction of the immunostaining intensity. The basement membrane in all or nearly all ducts or acini with p63 positive basal cells was substantially thicker and more uniform than that in ducts or acini without p63 positive basal cells, and also, a vast majority of the focal disruptions occurred near basal cells that lack p63 expression. These findings suggest that focal disruptions in the basal cell layer and alterations in the basement membrane are correlated events and that the physical and functional status of the basal cells could significantly impact the physical integrity of the overlying basement membrane. As the degradation of both the basal cell layer and the basement membrane is a pre-requisite for prostate tumor invasion or progression, ducts or acini with focally disrupted basal cell layer and basement membrane are likely at greater risk to develop invasive lesions. Thus, further elucidation of the specific molecules and mechanism associated with these events may lead to the development of a more effective alternative for repeat biopsy to monitor tumor progression and invasion.
Identification of a Conserved and Functional Iron-responsive Element in the 5′-Untranslated Region of Mammalian Mitochondrial Aconitase (1996)

Iron-responsive elements (IREs) are RNA stem-loop motifs found in genes of iron metabolism. When cells are iron-depleted, iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) bind to IREs in the transcripts of ferritin, transferrin receptor, and erythroid amino-levulinic acid synthetase. Binding of IRPs to IRE motifs near the 5' end of the transcript results in attenuation of translation while binding to IREs in the 3'-untranslated region of the transferrin receptor results in protection from endonucleolytic cleavage. Iron deprivation results in activation of IRE binding activity, whereas iron replete cells lose IRE binding activation. Here, we report the identification of a conserved IRE in the 5'-untranslated region of the transcript of the citric acid cycle enzyme mitochondrial aconitase from four different mammalian species. The IRE in the transcript of mitochondrial aconitase can mediate in vitro translational repression of mitochondrial aconitase by IRPs. Furthermore, levels of mitochondrial aconitase are decreased in mice maintained on a low iron diet, whereas levels of mRNA remain unchanged. The decrease in levels of mitochondrial aconitase is likely due to activation of IRP binding and consequent attenuation of translation. Thus, expression of the iron-sulfur protein mitochondrial aconitase and function of the citric acid cycle may be regulated by iron levels in cells.
Does cytomegalovirus play a causative role in the development of various inflammatory diseases and cancer? (2006)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpes virus that infects and is carried by 70-100% of the world's population. During its evolution, this virus has developed mechanisms that allow it to survive in an immunocompetent host. For many years, HCMV was not considered to be a major human pathogen, as it appeared to cause only rare cases of HCMV inclusion disease in neonates. However, HCMV is poorly adapted for survival in the immunosuppressed host and has emerged as an important human pathogen in AIDS patients and in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy following organ or bone marrow transplantation. HCMV-mediated disease in such patients has highlighted the possible role of this virus in the development of other diseases, in particular inflammatory diseases such as vascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and, more recently, with certain forms of cancers. Current research is focused on determining whether HCMV plays a causative role in these diseases or is merely an epiphenomenon of inflammation. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HCMV. This virus has developed a number of mechanisms that enable it to hide from the cells of the immune system and, at the same time, reactivation of a latent infection requires immune activation. Numerous products of the HCMV genome are devoted to control central functions of the innate and adaptive immune responses. By influencing the regulation of various cellular processes including the cell cycle, apoptosis and migration as well as tumour invasiveness and angiogenesis, HCMV may participate in disease development. Thus, the various drugs now available for treatment of HCMV disease (e.g. ganciclovir, acyclovir and foscarnet), may also prove to be useful in the treatment of other, more widespread diseases.
A Robust Vein Pattern-based Recognition System (2012)

This paper presents an efficient human recognition system which makes use of vein patterns obtained from the back of the hand. It has used a new reflection-based image capturing environment to ensure high quality images through least effort and cost. The proposed recognition system automatically detects the region of interest (ROI) from the image and does the necessary preprocessing to extract features. Extracted features from ROI are compared to obtain the matching score and to take the decision. It is tested on a data set of 4950 images collected from 990 individuals. The accuracy of the recognition system is found to be 99.11% with a false acceptance rate of 0.4%.
Mobile P2PSIP - Peer-to-Peer SIP Communication in Mobile Communities (2008)

This paper presents a realization of a multi-service P2P overlay architecture that allows for establishing SIP multimedia sessions between mobile community members with little or no need for centralized servers of any kind. The overlay architecture forms a cost efficient platform for providing innovative mobile services. As an example, this paper presents an implementation of a mobile P2PSIP VoIP service. The implementation allows a mobile phone user make voice calls using resources of the P2P overlay. The mobile phone user may freely use standard call manager and contact list in a mobile phone. The paper also presents a method for locating relay servers that are used in NAT traversal.
Wavelets and filter banks for discrete-time signal processing (1992)

Note: M. B. Ruskai et al, Eds. Reference LCAV-CHAPTER-2005-006 Record created on 2005-06-17, modified on 2017-05-12
Sensitivity of microwave ablation models to tissue biophysical properties: A first step toward probabilistic modeling and treatment planning (2016)

Dielectric parameters, blood perfusion rate, and the temperature interval across which the tissue changes phase were found to have the most significant impact on MWA model outputs. The latent heat of tissue water vaporization and the volumetric heat capacity of the vaporized tissue were recognized as the least influential parameters. Uncertainties in model outputs identified in this study can be incorporated to provide probabilistic maps of expected ablation outcome for patient-specific treatment planning.
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2014)

Contents: H.L. Burns, Jr., J.W. Parlett, The Evolution of Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Dimension of Design. K.M. Swigger, Managing Communication Knowledge. J. Bonar, Interface Architectures for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. H.F. O'Neil, Jr., D.A. Slawson, E.L. Baker, Design of a Domain-Independent Problem- Solving Instructional Strategy for Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction. P. Pirolli, Computer-Aided Instructional Design Systems. B. Woolf, Representing, Acquiring, and Reasoning About Tutoring Knowledge. L. Acker, J. Lester, A. Souther, B. Porter, Generating Coherent Explanations to Answer Students' Questions. C.K. Riesbeck, R.C. Schank, From Training to Teaching: Techniques for Case-Based ITS. P.K. Fink, The Role of Domain Knowledge in the Design of an Intelligent Tutoring System. W. Regian, Representing and Teaching High-Performance Tasks Within Intelligent Tutoring Systems. E.L. Baker, Technology Assessment: Policy and Methodological Issues for Training. C.A.L. Redfield, K. Steuck, The Future of Intelligent Tutoring Systems.
Guided bone regeneration of bone defects associated with implants: an evidence-based outcome assessment. (1995)

Guided bone regeneration is a new technique that evolved following the guided tissue regeneration procedure for regeneration of lost periodontium. The objective of guided bone regeneration is to promote bone formation in osseous deformities either before or in conjunction with endosseous implant placement. Osseous defects consist mainly of extraction sites, dehiscences or fenestrations, and localized ridge deformities. In addition, bone defects may either provide natural spacemaking or be nonspacemaking. A plethora of publications indicate that the guided bone regeneration technique can be used successfully in all types of defects. Nonspacemaking defects usually require bone graft materials to assist in space maintenance and enhance bone formation. Fixation pins are also used, either with or without graft materials, in this regard. The scientific literature on guided bone regeneration was reviewed by a task force to determine techniques proven to increase predictability relative to successful patient outcomes and to develop specific evidence based diagnostic and treatment decision trees.
Treatment of Wastewater Containing Copper by Modified Water Granulated Slag (2011)

The process and action mechanism of the copper wastewater adsorption accomplished by ferric salt and cerous salt modified water granulated slag were studied in this paper. Results showed that under the conditions of room temperature of 20°C, dosage of 6g/L, pH 7, reaction time of 60min to treat 100 mL 20mg/L copper wastewater, the removal rate reached 93.64%.The adsorption of modified water granulated slag to copper fits the Temkin adsorption isotherm best and the result of linear transformation of adsorption isotherm is qe=20.711nCe-4.2413, R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.9531.
Statin Use at the Time of Initiation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Time to Progression in Patients With Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (2015)

Statin use at the time of ADT initiation was associated with a significantly longer TTP during ADT even after adjustment for known prognostic factors. Our in vitro finding that statins competitively reduce DHEAS uptake, thus effectively decreasing the available intratumoral androgen pool, affords a plausible mechanism to support the clinical observation of prolonged TTP in statin users.
An On-Demand Metalloprotease from Psychro-Tolerant<i>Exiguobacterium undae</i>Su-1, the Activity and Stability of Which Are Controlled by the Ca<sup>2+</sup>Concentration (2012)

We reported an on-demand type of metalloprotease from Exiguobacterium undae Su-1. Although this species of bacterium is known to inhabit the permafrost, there are no reports on either strong proteases or peptidases. We found that Su-1 protease is superior to commercially available proteases in proteolytic activity in a lower to normal range of temperature (10-50 °C) as well as in rapid inactivation heat-dependently on the Ca2+ concentration. These characteristics meet well with the demands from food processing and manufacturing. Biochemical investigations of the purified enzyme and protein structural analysis after gene cloning confirmed that Su-1 protease conserved high identity in its primary sequence with thermophilic proteases of the M4 family. On the other hand, its flexibility was enhanced when one Ca2+ binding site was lost and by replacement for proline and isoleucine residues.
Design and Construction of a Virtual Bicycle Simulator for Evaluating Sustainable Facilities Design (2018)

The rising interest in sustainable modes of transportation has increased demand for the design and implementation of bicycle facilities in the United States. However, as compared to the vehicular mode, bicycle facilities have relatively less development, research, and understanding. The availability of a bicycling simulator has the potential to contribute to the understanding of bicycle facility design and bicyclist behavior. The design and construction of a bicycling simulator differs from a driving simulator in many ways. A bicycling simulator requires interfaces for bicycle speed, braking, and steering angle as well as a visual interface. In addition, a representation of a real‐world network, including pavement, buildings, the sky and background, and fixed and moving objects, needs to be modeled using a simulator engine. This paper presents the details of the ZouSim bicycling simulator development and the tradeoffs associated with various design decisions, such as the choice of a steering sensor and graphical display. A sample application of a wayfinding and detection markings study illustrates the use of ZouSim. The authors hope that this article will encourage other researchers who conduct research in sustainable cities to explore the use of bicycle simulators for improving bicycle facility design and operations.
Solving the small sample size problem of LDA (2003)

The small sample size problem is often encountered in pattern recognition. It results in the singularity of the within-class scattering matrix S/sub w/ in linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Different methods have been proposed to solve this problem in face recognition literature. Some methods reduce the dimension of the original sample space and hence unavoidably remove the null space of S/sub w/, which has been demonstrated to contain considerable discriminative information; whereas other methods suffer from the computational problem. In this paper, we propose a new method making use of the null space of S/sub w/ effectively and solve the small sample size problem of LDA. We compare our method with several well-known methods, and demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
Telomerase-based immunotherapy of cancer (2006)

The progression from the cloning of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in 1997 to the first clinical trials of hTERT as an antitumour immunotherapy target has been swift. hTERT is overexpressed in the vast majority of human cancers yet has limited expression in normal adult tissue. It plays a critical role in oncogenesis and may be expressed by cancer stem cells. However, despite being a self antigen, hTERT is immunogenic both in vitro and in vivo. Several Phase I studies of hTERT immunotherapy have been completed in patients with breast, prostate, lung and other cancers, and clinical and immunological results are encouraging. Immunotherapy induces functional, antitumour T cells in patients in the absence of clinical toxicity. The opportunity for vaccinating individuals as an immunoprevention strategy can also be envisioned for hTERT-based therapies.
In-flight structural dynamic characteristics of the XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft (1981)

The XV-15 tilt rotor research aircraft has recently completed the contractor flight test program at the Bell Helicopter Textron Flight Research Center, Arlington, Texas. During these development and envelope expansion flights (60 flight hours, 140 flights), the aircraft has been tested up to a maximum true airspeed of 557 km/h (346 mph, 301 knts). Results of the structural characteristics obtained during this testing are presented. Included is a discussion concerning the rotor and airframe loads, natural frequency placements, airframe control system interaction, and wing-rotor-pylon aeroelastic stability. Measured data are compared with predicted values for many cases.
Innovation of Hydrocarbon Oxidation with Molecular Oxygen and Related Reactions (2001)

An innovation of the aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons through catalytic carbon radical generation under mild conditions was achieved by using N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a key compound. Alkanes were successfully oxidized with O2 or air to valuable oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols, ketones, and dicarboxylic acids by the combined catalytic system of NHPI and a transition metal such as Co or Mn. The NHPI-catalyzed oxidation of alkylbenzenes with dioxygen could be performed even under normal temperature and pressure of dioxygen. Xylenes and methylpyridines were also converted into phthalic acids and pyridinecarboxylic acids, respectively, in good yields. The present oxidation method was extended to the selective transformations of alcohols to carbonyl compounds and of alkynes to ynones. The epoxidation of alkenes using hydroperoxides or H2O2 generated in situ from hydrocarbons or alcohols and O 2 under the influence of the NHPI was demonstrated and seems to be a useful strategy for industrial applications. The NHPI method is applicable to a wide variety of organic syntheses via carbon radical intermediates. The catalytic carboxylation of alkanes was accomplished by the use of CO and O2 in the presence of NHPI. In addition, the reactions of alkanes with NO2 and SO2 catalyzed by NHPI provided efficient methods for the synthesis of nitroalkanes and sulfonic acids, respectively. A catalytic carbon-carbon bond forming reaction was achieved by allowing carbon radicals generated in situ from alkanes or alcohols to react with alkenes under mild conditions. 1 Introduction 2 Discovery of NHPI as Carbon Radical Producing Catalyst from Alkanes 2.1 Historical Background 2.2 Catalysis of NHPI in Aerobic Oxidation 3 NHPI-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation 3.1 Oxidation of Benzylic Compounds 3.2 Alkane Oxidations with Molecular Oxygen 3.3 Oxidation of Alkylbenzenes 3.4 Practical Oxidation of Methylpyridines 3.5 Preparation of Acetylenic Ketones via Alkyne Oxidation 3.6 Oxidation of Alcohols 3.7 Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides 3.8 Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols 3.9 Epoxidation of Alkenes using Molecular Oxygen as Terminal Oxidant 4 Carboxylation of Alkanes with CO and O2 5 Utilization of NOx in Organic Synthesis 5.1 First Catalytic Nitration of Alkanes using NO2 5.2 Reaction of NO with Organic Compounds 6 Sulfoxidation of Alkanes Catalyzed by Vanadium 7 Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reaction via Catalytic Carbon Radicals Generated from Various Organic Compounds Assisted by NHPI 7.1 Oxyalkylation of Alkenes with Alkanes and Dioxygen 7.2 Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-γ-lactones by Addition of α-Hydroxy Carbon Radicals to Unsaturated Esters 7.3 Hydroxyacylation of Alkenes using 1,3-Dioxolanes and Dioxygen 8 Conclusions
Scar Assessment Tools: Implications for Current Research (2002)

Scarring is considered a major medical problem that leads to cosmetic and functional sequelae. Scar tissue is clinically distinguished from normal skin by an aberrant color, rough surface texture, increased thickness (hypertrophy), occurrence of contraction, and firmness. Marked histologic differences are the change in dermal architecture and the presence of cells such as the myofibroblast. Many assessment tools are available for analysis of pathologic conditions of the skin; however, there is no general agreement as to the most appropriate tools for evaluation of scar tissue. This review critically discusses currently available objective measurement tools, subjective assessment tools, and potential devices that may be available in the future for scar assessment.