gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of luminescent silicon nanoparticles by photothermal aerosol synthesis followed by acid etching (2004)

CO2 laser-induced pyrolysis of silane (photothermal aerosol synthesis) was used to produce Si nanoparticles. Particles with an average diameter as small as 5 nm were prepared directly from silane in the gas phase. Etching these particles with mixtures of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3) is shown to be an effective method to reduce the size of the particles produced by silane pyrolysis. After etching, silicon particles with controlled visible luminescence at room temperature were produced. The wavelength of maximum photoluminescence (PL) intensity can be controlled from over 780–500 nm by controlling the etching time and conditions.
Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical characterization of lead selenide sub-micron particles capped with a benzoate ligand and prepared at different temperatures (2014)

Semiconductor materials offer several potential benefits as active elements in the development of harvesting-energy conversion technologies. In particular, lead selenide (PbSe) semiconductors have been used and proposed to design solar energy harvesting devices, IR sensors, FET devices, etc. Lead salts have drawn particular attention from the applied and fundamental research communities due to their exceptionally strong quantum confinement effects. Several syntheses of PbSe have been proposed using long chain surfactants to allow the formation of particles and nanoparticles. Here we present a synthesis using benzoic acid as the capping ligand in ambient atmosphere. Although the particles are not in nanometric size, we compare the crystal structure (using x-ray powder diffraction data), the near infrared and mid-infrared absorption properties of PbSe using oleic acid as the capping ligand with PbSe using benzoic acid as the capping ligand. The new synthetized particles were shown to have similar crystal structure and absorb light in the near infrared region at 1410 nm. We also performed cyclic voltammetry of these particles drop-casted in the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. The particles showed electrochemical behavior with an oxidation peak near (−402 ± 5 mV) versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The particles seem to form a polymeric film at the surface of a glassy carbon electrode.
Isolation of a species-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence for identification of Tilletia indica, the Karnal bunt of wheat fungus (1996)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from five isolates of Tilletia indica was isolated and digested with several restriction enzymes. A 2.3-kb EcoRI fragment was chosen, cloned, and shown to hybridize with total DNA restricted with EcoRI from T. indica and not from a morphologically similar smut fungus, Tilletia barclayana. The clone was partially sequenced, and primers were designed and tested under high-stringency conditions in PCR assays. The primer pair Ti1/Ti4 amplified a 2.3-kb fragment from total DNA of 17 T. indica isolates from India, Pakistan, and Mexico. DNA from 25 isolates of other smut fungi (T. barclayana, Tilletia foetida, Tilletia caries, Tilletia fusca, and Tilletia controversa) did not produce any bands, as detected by ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels and Southern hybridizations. The sensitivity of the assay was determined and increased by using a single nested primer in a second round of amplification, so that 1 pg of total mycelial DNA could be detected. The results indicated that the primers which originated from a cloned mtDNA sequence can be used to differentiate T. indica from other Tilletia species and have the potential to identify teliospores contaminating wheat seeds.
A lightweight, procedural, vector watercolor painting engine (2012)

Existing natural media painting simulations have produced high quality results, but have required powerful compute hardware and have been limited to screen resolutions. Digital artists would like to be able to use watercolor-like painting tools, but at print resolutions and on lower end hardware such as laptops or even slates. We present a procedural algorithm for generating watercolor-like dynamic paint behaviors in a lightweight manner. Our goal is not to exactly duplicate watercolor painting, but to create a range of dynamic behaviors that allow users to achieve a similar style of process and result, while at the same time having a unique character of its own. Our stroke representation is vector-based, allowing for rendering at arbitrary resolutions, and our procedural pigment advection algorithm is fast enough to support painting on slate devices. We demonstrate our technique in a commercially available slate application used by professional artists.
Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of rhBMP‐2 concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment (1999)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum, and on associated root resorption and ankylosis. Contralateral, critical size, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically produced and immediately implanted with rhBMP-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier in 8, young adult, male, beagle dogs. 6 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/mL; total construct volume/defect approximately 4.0 mL) in contralateral defects following an incomplete block design. 2 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0 and 0.10 mg/mL) in contralateral defects (controls). The animals were euthanised at 8 weeks post-surgery and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Supra-alveolar periodontal defects receiving rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/ml exhibited extensive alveolar regeneration comprising 86%, 96%, and 88% of the defect height, respectively. Cementum regeneration encompassed 8%, 6%, and 8% of the defect height, respectively. Root resorption was observed for all rhBMP-2 concentrations. Ankylosis was observed in almost all teeth receiving rhBMP-2. Control defects without rhBMP-2 exhibited limited, if any, evidence of alveolar bone and cementum regeneration, root resorption, or ankylosis. Within the selected rhBMP-2 concentration and observation interval, there appear to be no meaningful differences in regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum. There also appear to be no significant differences in the incidence and extent of root resorption and ankylosis, though there may be a positive correlation with rhBMP-2 concentration.
Missing data imputation for remote CHF patient monitoring systems (2011)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of death in the United States. WANDA is a wireless health project that leverages sensor technology and wireless communication to monitor the health status of patients with CHF. The first pilot study of WANDA showed the system's effectiveness for patients with CHF. However, WANDA experienced a considerable amount of missing data due to system misuse, nonuse, and failure. Missing data is highly undesirable as automated alarms may fail to notify healthcare professionals of potentially dangerous patient conditions. In this study, we exploit machine learning techniques including projection adjustment by contribution estimation regression (PACE), Bayesian methods, and voting feature interval (VFI) algorithms to predict both non-binomial and binomial data. The experimental results show that the aforementioned algorithms are superior to other methods with high accuracy and recall. This approach also shows an improved ability to predict missing data when training on entire populations, as opposed to training unique classifiers for each individual.
<i>PMR6</i> , a Pectate Lyase–Like Gene Required for Powdery Mildew Susceptibility in Arabidopsis (2002)

The plant genes required for the growth and reproduction of plant pathogens are largely unknown. In an effort to identify these genes, we isolated Arabidopsis mutants that do not support the normal growth of the powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum. Here, we report on the cloning and characterization of one of these genes, PMR6. PMR6 encodes a pectate lyase-like protein with a novel C-terminal domain. Consistent with its predicted gene function, mutations in PMR6 alter the composition of the plant cell wall, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. pmr6-mediated resistance requires neither salicylic acid nor the ability to perceive jasmonic acid or ethylene, indicating that the resistance mechanism does not require the activation of well-described defense pathways. Thus, pmr6 resistance represents a novel form of disease resistance based on the loss of a gene required during a compatible interaction rather than the activation of known host defense pathways.
Linearity enhancements for pipeline digital to analogue converters (2002)

A high-speed/high-linearity pipeline switched capacitor digital to analogue converter (DAC) is presented. This DAC yields better linearity compared to previously published implementations, owing to a number of circuit techniques that are discussed.
Voltage Tunable Magnetoelectric Inductors With Improved Operational Frequency and Quality Factor for Power Electronics (2014)

Inductors find widespread use in various applications. Inductors with a large tunability of inductance and quality factor would lead to new paradigm on circuit designs. In this paper, we investigated the effect of ferromagnetic layer thickness on the performance of a magnetoelectric tunable inductor. Using chemical etching, the thickness of Metglas ribbons (2605SA1) can be reduced from 24 to about 8 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m, which dramatically reduces the eddy-current loss at higher frequencies. With the same total thickness, compared with inductor constructed with unthinned Metglas layers (2605CO), the maximum quality factor can be increased for 80%, and the operational frequency range can be extended for <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the >10 MHz range. An inductance tunable range of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L} _{\mathrm {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">/</i> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{\mathrm {min}}= 370{\%}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was also achieved together with a significantly enhanced quality factor by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 3.$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Furthermore, with an inductor constructed with single thin Metglas (2605HB1M) layer, the maximum quality factor can be increased by 150% with single PZT slab and by 235% with double PZT slabs, and the operational frequency range can be extended by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with single slab and by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$200\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with double slabs, which makes these metallic magnetic ribbons tunable inductors competitive with ferrite materials in adaptive inductive power supply systems.
Closed-loop compensation of kinematic error in harmonic drives for precision control applications (2002)

We present nonlinear control algorithms to compensate for kinematic error in harmonic drives, thus forming a solid basis to improve their performance in precision positioning applications. Kinematic error, defined as deviation between expected and actual output positions, influences performance by producing static positioning error and inducing dynamic vibration effects. Its compensation is difficult because of its nonlinear behavior and dependence on drive type, assembly, environmental conditions, and drive load. The Lyapunov-based closed-loop control algorithms presented in this paper compensate for the kinematic error irrespective of its form in setpoint and trajectory tracking applications. Simulation and experimental results obtained with a dedicated harmonic drive test setup verify the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
Selective Imaging of Soluble Amyloid Beta Species Using Near Infrared Fluorescent Curcumin Analogues (2015)

389 Objectives Recent evidence shows that soluble Aβs are more neurotoxic than insoluble deposits, and thus could potentially serve as biomarkers for pre-symptomatic stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Originally, the burden of insoluble deposits was thought to cause neurodegeneration, but it correlates poorly with Alzheimer’s disease severity. Previously, strategies using insoluble Aβ deposits as evaluation biomarkers in AD drug development have failed, and this failure has promoted a shift towards targeting soluble Aβs. In addition, the failure also has led to more clinical trials to be conducted at the early/pre-symptomatic stage. However, no imaging probe is available for detecting soluble Aβs either in preclinical animal research or clinical trial stages. Methods The use of small molecules to differentiate soluble and insoluble Aβs is challenging, because they sharethe same amino acid sequence. To the best of our knowledge, no small-molecule probe has been reported for selective detection of soluble Aβs. We hypothesized that the different accessibility of the secondary/tertiary structures of Aβs can be harnessed to differentiate soluble and insoluble Aβs. Our preliminary SAR (structure activity relationship) studies suggest that a planar curcumin scaffold has access to both soluble and insoluble Aβs. We reason that sterically non-coplanar curcumin analogues have reduced accessibility to the insoluble Aβs, thus increasing their selectivity for soluble Aβs. A series of curcumin analogues with a bulky group at 4-position were designed and synthesized. Results In vivo two-photon imaging showed that CRANAD-75, a curcumin analogue with a bulky group at 4-poistion of the curcumin scaffold, could easily cross the BBB in mice. In addition, our data demonstrated that CRANAD-75 could selectively detect soluble Aβs in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Conclusions We believe that our imaging probes can be used to monitor the changes of soluble Aβs after treatment, and have tremendous potential for AD drug development. Research Support This research is supoorted by NIH/NIA K25AG036760.
Acoustic pressure-vector sensor array (2004)

Pressure-vector sensors measure both scalar and vector components of the acoustic field. December 2003 measurements at the NUWC Seneca Lake test facility verify previous observations that acoustic ambient noise spectrum levels measured by acoustic intensity sensors are reduced relative to either acoustic pressure or acoustic vector sensor spectrum levels. The Seneca measurements indicate a reduction by as much as 15 dB at the upper measurement frequency of 2500 Hz. A nonlinear array synthesis theory for pressure-vector sensors will be introduced that allows smaller apertures to achieve narrow beams. The significantly reduced ambient noise of individual pressure-vector elements observed in the ocean by others, and now at Seneca Lake, should allow a nonlinearly combined array to detect significantly lower levels than has been observed in previous multiplicative processing of pressure sensors alone. Nonlinear array synthesis of pressure-vector sensors differs from conventional super-directive algorithms that linearly combine pressure elements with positive and negative weights, thereby reducing the sensitivity of conventional super-directive arrays. The much smaller aperture of acoustic pressure-vector sensor arrays will be attractive for acoustic systems on underwater vehicles, as well as for other applications that require narrow beam acoustic receivers. [The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of ONR and NUWC.]
Functional genomics and new markers for beef production – minireview (2009)

International audience
Efficacy of andrographolide in not active progressive multiple sclerosis: a prospective exploratory double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02273635 retrospectively registered on October 24th, 2014.
Development of a sensitive test method to evaluate mechanical irritation potential on mucosal skin (2004)

In these studies, Product A is more irritating than Product B when assessed objectively, i.e., by scoring irritation at the test sites, and subjectively, i.e., by evaluating reports of adverse sensations perceived by panelists. There is no clear relationship between specific test conditions, i.e., compromised skin and/or testing wet samples, and reports of perceived sensory reactions. However, some sensory reactions appear to be associated with higher levels of irritation. The most cost-effective protocol to use for screening for potential irritant effects for catemenial pads, baby and adult diapers is two 6-h sample applications on intact skin, with scoring in the afternoon 30 min after removal of the sample. For claims support testing, a variety of test conditions can be used in the behind-the-knee assay to mimic the exposure conditions for the product under evaluation, including using compromised (tape stripped) skin and wet product samples.
Glucocorticoids transform CD40-triggering of dendritic cells into an alternative activation pathway resulting in antigen-presenting cells that secrete IL-10 (2000)

Dendritic cell (DC) activation through CD40-CD40 ligand interactions is a key regulatory step for the development of protective T-cell immunity and also plays an important role in the initiation of T-cell responses involved in autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. In contrast to previous reports, we show that the immunosuppressive drug dexamethasone (DEX) redirects rather than simply blocks this DC activation process. We found that DCs triggered through CD40 in the presence of DEX were unable to acquire high levels of costimulatory, adhesion, and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules and failed to express the maturation marker CD83, whereas antigen uptake was not affected. Moreover, DEX strikingly modified the CD40-activated DC cytokine secretion profile by suppressing the production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 and potentiating the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Accordingly, DEX-exposed CD40-triggered DCs displayed a decreased T-cell allostimulatory potential and a dramatically impaired ability to activate cloned CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Moreover, interaction between Th1 cells and these DCs rendered the T cells hyporesponsive to further antigen-specific restimulation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DEX profoundly modulates CD40-dependent DC activation and suggest that the resulting alternatively activated DCs can be exploited for suppression of unwanted T-cell responses in vivo.
Multi-aperture Fourier spectrometers in planar waveguides (2009)

We present multiaperture stationary spectrometers in planar optical waveguides. The devices are based on the spatial heterodyning technique, do not require moving parts, and use Fourier transformation for spectra retrieval. The design is based on arrays of waveguide interferometers with linearly increasing optical path delay. The spectrometers have increased optical throughput due to multiple input waveguides. We discuss design, fabrication, and first experimental results for these multiaperture spectrometers implemented in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) ridge waveguides.
A Y-Shaped Three-Arm Structure for Probing Bivalent Interactions between Protein Receptor–Ligand Using AFM and SPR (2018)

The goal of this research was to develop linkage chemistry for the study of bivalent interactions between a receptor and its ligand using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We conceived a three-arm structure composed of flexible chains connected to a large rigid core with orthogonal functional groups at their ends for formation and attachment (or immobilization) of bivalent ligands. To demonstrate the principle, we chose the well-known biotin-streptavidin interaction as a model system. On the basis of a crystal structure of the biotin-streptavidin complex, we designed and synthesized a bisbiotin ligand to have a Y shape with two biotin motifs on its arms for binding and a functional group on its stem for immobilization or attachment, referred to as y-bisbiotin. First, we found that the y-bisbiotin ligand stabilized the streptavidin more than its monobiotin counterpart did in solution, which indicates that the bivalent interaction was synergistic. The y-bisbiotin was attached to AFM tips through a click reaction for the force measurement experiments, which showed that unbinding the bisbiotin from streptavidin needed twice the force of unbinding a monobiotin. For the SPR study, we added a ω-thiolated alkyl chain to y-bisbiotin for its incorporation into a monolayer. The SPR data indicated that the streptavidin dissociated from a mixed monolayer bearing y-bisbiotin much slower than from the one bearing monobiotin. This work demonstrates unique chemistry for the study of bivalent interactions using AFM and SPR.
First measurements with a thermoacoustic driver for an orifice-pulse-tube refrigerator (1990)

The orifice pulse tube is a variant of Stirling-cycle refrigerator in which the cold, work-absorbing piston and crankshaft are replaced by a simple dissipative structure. To date, the oscillatory pressure needed to drive pulse tubes has been provided by complex, unreliable room-temperature pistons and crankshafts. A thermoacoustic engine has recently been built to drive an orifice pulse tube refrigerator. In this composite device, heat flowing from a high-temperature source to a room-temperature sink generates high-amplitude acoustic oscillations in high-pressure helium gas; these oscillations power the orifice pulse tube, thereby pumping heat from a low-temperature source to a room-temperature sink. Thus the device is a heat-driven cryocooler with no moving parts. The first unit reached a no-load low temperature of 89 K and produced 5 W of cooling power at 120 K. It is powered by 3 kW of heat input at 900 K. Experimental data, comparison to theory, and future plans will be presented.