gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide-containing neurons of the cerebral cortex are also GABAergic. (1984)

Neurons in the cat and monkey cerebral cortex were stained immunocytochemically for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GluDCase; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15), somatostatin (SRIF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK). In all areas of cortex examined (somatic sensory, motor, parietal and visual areas), neurons displaying immunoreactivity for each of these molecules were nonpyramidal cells. Co-localization of GluDCase immunoreactivity with peptide immunoreactivity in the same cells was demonstrated by (i) the antibody elution method, staining the same cells by immunofluorescence, first for a peptide and then for GluDCase; (ii) double staining of the same sections with sheep anti-GluDCase and rabbit anti-peptide antisera, the bound antibodies being localized by rhodamine-conjugated donkey anti-sheep and fluorescein-conjugated swine anti-rabbit secondary antisera. With both procedures, cell bodies immunoreactive for GluDCase and for each of the peptides were found in all areas of cortex examined. With double labeling on single sections, it was found that all CCK-, SRIF-, and NPY-immunoreactive cells in cat cortex and 90%-95% in monkey cortex are also GluDCase positive. Many more cells, however, are immunoreactive for GluDCase alone. GluDCase was co-localized with CCK, SRIF, or NPY not only in cell somata, but also in small punctate structures, which are likely to be axon terminals. From the data gained in previous electron microscopic studies, we postulate that neurons displaying GluDCase- and CCK-like immunoreactivity are a class separate from those displaying GluDCase- and SRIF-like immunoreactivity. NPY, however, is co-localized with SRIF immunoreactivity. These results imply that classes of cortical interneuron contain a conventional neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and a neuromodulator (one of the peptides).
Characteristics of turbulent wind load of tapered super tall building (2010)

High frequency pressure integration tests were carried out in a wind tunnel to investigate turbulent wind load characteristics of the tapered super-tall buildings using rigid models. Test results show that a tapered super-tall building spread the vortex-shedding over a broad range of frequencies and make them more effective in reducing vortex-induced vibration in across-wind direction. With the increase of taper ratio, the power spectra of the root mean square lift coefficient decreases, power spectra band width of the lift coefficient increases, but drag and torsion coefficient almost keep the same. Moreover, lift correlation and correlation between lift and torsion of the tapered super-tall buildings seem to decrease, and coherence coefficient increase.
Social, Communication, and Cortical Structural Impairments in Epac2-Deficient Mice (2012)

Deficits in social and communication behaviors are common features of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the molecular and cellular substrates of these higher order brain functions are not well understood. Here we report that specific alterations in social and communication behaviors in mice occur as a result of loss of the EPAC2 gene, which encodes a protein kinase A-independent cAMP target. Epac2-deficient mice exhibited robust deficits in social interactions and ultrasonic vocalizations, but displayed normal olfaction, working and reference memory, motor abilities, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. Epac2-deficient mice displayed abnormal columnar organization in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region implicated in social behavior in humans, but not in somatosensory cortex. In vivo two-photon imaging revealed reduced dendritic spine motility and density on cortical neurons in Epac2-deficient mice, indicating deficits at the synaptic level. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the molecular and cellular substrates of social and communication behavior.
On the relation between blind system identification and subspace tracking and associated generalizations (2010)

Blind system identification and subspace tracking represent two important classes of signal processing problems with a variety of applications. Although originally seemingly independent from each other, the related algorithms exhibit various commonalities. In this paper, we present a novel unified derivation of the corresponding classes of adaptation algorithms. This top-down approach both clarifies the algorithmic relations and also leads to various powerful generalizations of the algorithms. Due to the rigorous approach, we obtain important practical design rules for an efficient system design. By exploiting multiple stochastic signal properties, the treatment also includes practically useful relations to blind signal extraction and blind source separation algorithms.
Subharmonic Resonances of Piezoelectrically Actuated Microcantilevers (2009)

An extensive frequency response and subharmonic resonance analysis of the equations of motion governing the nonlinear flexural vibrations of piezoelectrically actuated microcantilevers is performed, using the method of Multiple Scales. A better understanding of the nonlinear response and subharmonics of such systems is needed to enhance the applications of piezoelectrically actuated microcantilevers that are increasingly becoming popular in many science and engineering areas including scanning force microscopy, biosensors, and microactuators. In this paper, the method of multiple scales is used to derive the 2× and 3× subharmonic resonances appearing in nonlinear flexural vibrations of a piezoelectrically actuated microcantilever. The analytical and numerical results yield the same system response for the fundamental and subharmonic frequencies.
High frequency wideband permittivity measurements of biological substances using coplanar waveguides and application to cell suspensions (2008)

Complex permittivity measurements of liquids and living cell suspensions with Finite Ground Coplanar waveguides (FG-CPW) in a SU-8 reservoir are presented. A simple de-embedding method based on ABCD matrices is described. Complex permittivity measurements of reference liquids such as methanol and isopropanol show good agreement with theoretical values. Results on living cell suspensions (human embryonic kidney cells) measured over the frequency range of 1 to 32 GHz are described. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) toxicity tests on cell suspension show time dependent permittivity changes due to cell disintegration and diffusion process.
Food Restricting Young Hamsters (Mesocricetus Auratus) Affects Sex Ratio and Growth of Subsequent Offspring1 (1986)

Trivers and Willard (1973) predicted that stressed adult female mammals may enhance their fitness by skewing offspring sex ratios and maternal investment to favor daughters. The present study investigated whether stressing young hamsters might also influence sex ratio and growth of subsequent offspring. Control females received food ad libitum (A) on Days 1-50 postpartum (AA). Experimental females were food-restricted (R) either on Days 1-25 (RA), Days 26-50 (AR), or Days 1-50 (RR) postpartum. Subjects were mated when 91-95 days old. Litter sizes and survivorship (= % litters within a treatment that contained at least one pup), sex ratio (= % males), and pup weights in the next generation were recorded every fifth day from parturition until Day 25 postpartum. Control litters contained significantly more offspring at birth than did RR litters. Sex ratio was significantly higher at birth for AA litters than for the other treatments. Postpartum sex ratio within each group remained similar to that recorded at birth. RR litters contained significantly fewer pups compared to the other three treatments from Days 5-25. RR female pups weighed significantly more at birth than their counterparts in the other treatments. Weights of males at birth were similar in all treatments. By Day 25, both male and female RR pups weighed significantly less than control, AR, and RA pups. Food restriction early in life may have long-term consequences on sex ratio and pup growth in golden hamsters.
Interferon-inducible Protein-10 Involves Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Proliferation, and Inflammatory Response (1996)

Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) is a member of the C-X-C chemokine family. Using mRNA differential display, we isolated a rat homologue to murine and human IP-10 from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated carotid arteries. Our studies demonstrated that IP-10 is a potent mitogenic and chemotactic factor for vascular smooth muscle cells, the critical features of smooth muscle cells for their contribution to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. IP-10 induced a concentration-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and cell migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. A concentration- and time-dependent IP-10 mRNA induction was observed in lipopolysaccharide- or interferon-gamma-stimulated, but not interleukin-1beta- or tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated smooth muscle cells. A marked synergistic effect on IP-10 mRNA expression was observed when smooth muscle cells were challenged with interferon-gamma together with interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, IP-10 mRNA expression was induced in the rat carotid artery after balloon angioplasty. The mitogenic and chemotactic features of IP-10 for smooth muscle cells, along with its discrete induction in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and in carotid arteries after balloon angioplasty (neointima formation) suggest that IP-10 may play an active and distinct role in vascular remodeling processes.
Research on Trust-Based Access Control in The Internet of Things (2016)

The paper established TBRI (Trust-Based RBAC in IoT)modelcalculation of trust value as the core in TBRI. It established groups, objects' access threshold, objects' influence and object evaluation, in order to realize accuracy calculation and prevent hackers obtain trust value through malicious repeated operation. Because the subjects in the Internet of things can be used as objects at the same time, TBRI use different trust value calculation formula to enhance the credibility of the trust value.
Exploring a Stack Architecture (1977)

Computer architects design a high-performance system out of the same components that the rest of us would use to build a common one. They do it through an understanding of how the system will actually be programmed. Such was the insight which led to the development of stack-based computers.
Cutaneous Angiosarcoma: The Possibility of New Treatment Options Especially for Patients with Large Primary Tumor (2018)

The most widely accepted treatment for cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is wide local excision and postoperative radiation to decrease the risk of recurrence. Positive surgical margins and large tumors (T2, >5 cm) are known to be associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, T2 tumors are known to be associated with positive surgical margins. According to previous reports, the majority of CAS patients in Japan had T2 tumors, whereas less than half of the patients in the studies from western countries did so. Consequently, the reported 5-year overall survival of Japanese CAS patients without distant metastasis was only 9%, lower than that for stage-IV melanoma. For patients with T2 tumors, management of subclinical metastasis should be considered when planning the initial treatment. Several attempts to control subclinical metastasis have been reported, such as using adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy in addition to conventional surgery plus radiation. Unfortunately, those attempts did not show any clinical benefit. Besides surgery, new chemotherapeutic approaches for advanced CAS have been introduced in the past couple of decades, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel. We proposed the use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) using taxanes instead of surgery plus radiation for patients with T2 tumors without distant metastasis and showed a high response ratio with prolonged survival. However, this prolonged survival was seen only in patients who received maintenance chemotherapy after CRT, indicating that continuous chemotherapy is mandatory to control subclinical residual tumors. With the recent development of targeted drugs for cancer, many potential drugs for CAS are now available. Given that CAS expresses a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, drugs that target VEGF signaling pathways such as anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are also promising, and several successful treatments have been reported. Besides targeted drugs, several new cytotoxic anticancer drugs such as eribulin or trabectedin have also been shown to be effective for advanced sarcoma. However, most of the clinical trials did not include a sufficient number of CAS patients. Therefore, clinical trials focusing only on CAS should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these new drugs.
The effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women (2011)

Red clover isoflavone supplementation was more effective than placebo in reducing daily vasomotor frequency and overall menopausal intensity in postmenopausal women.
Expertise Modeling and Recommendation in Online Question and Answer Forums (2009)

Question and answer forums provide a method of connecting users and resources that can leverage both the static and dynamic (live) capabilities of a network of human users. We present a recommender for selecting the most appropriate responders given a question. The goal of this work is to encourage expert participation in QA forums by reducing the time investment needed by an expert to find a suitable question, decrease responder load, and to increase questioner confidence in the responses of others. The two primary contributions of this work are: 1. a generative model for characterizing the production of content in an online question and answer forum and 2. a decision theoretic framework for recommending expert participants while maintaining questioner satisfaction and distributing responder load. We have also developed two new metrics tailored to QA forums: responder load and questioner satisfaction. These metrics are used to evaluate the performance of our recommender system on datasets harvested from Yahoo! Answers. Experiments across several topic domains demonstrate our systems ability to predict responder identities and suggest new responders that are likely to have the appropriate expertise.
Solving the simple continuous table layout problem (2006)

Automatic table layout is required in web applications. Unfortunately, this is NP-hard for reasonable layout requirements such as minimizing table height for a given width. One approach is to solve a continuous relaxation of the layout problem in which each cell must be large enough to contain the area of its content. The solution to this relaxed problem can then guide the solution to the original problem. We give a simple and efficient algorithm for solving this continuous relaxation for the case that cells do not span multiple columns or rows. The algorithm is not only interesting in its own right but also because it provides insight into the geometry of table layout.
Haploinsufficiency of EGR1, a candidate gene in the del(5q), leads to the development of myeloid disorders (2007)

Loss of a whole chromosome 5 or a deletion of the long arm, del(5q), is a recurring abnormality in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To identify a leukemia-related gene on chromosome 5, we previously delineated a 970-kb segment of 5q31 that is deleted in all patients examined, and prepared a transcript map of this region. EGR1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene within the commonly deleted segment of 5q, and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor. To test the hypothesis that loss of function of Egr1 is an initiating event in the pathogenesis of AML/MDS, Egr1-deficient mice were treated with a potent DNA alkylating agent, N-ethyl-nitrosourea (ENU), to induce secondary cooperating mutations. Egr1(+/-) and Egr1(-/-) mice treated with ENU developed immature T-cell lymphomas (CD4(+), CD8(+)) or a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) at increased rates and with shorter latencies than that of wild-type littermates. The MPD was characterized by an elevated white blood cell count, anemia, and thrombocytopenia with ineffective erythropoiesis. Biallelic mutations of Egr1 were not observed in MPDs in Egr1(+/-) mice. Our data suggest that haploinsufficiency for Egr1 plays a role in murine leukemogenesis, and in the development of AML/MDS characterized by abnormalities of chromosome 5.
Synthesis and characterization of thermo-responsive polypeptoid bottlebrushes (2013)

Linear polypeptoid macromonomers with controlled chain length and composition were prepared by norbornene methylamine-initiated copolymerization of N-ethyl N-carboxyanhydride (Et-NCA) and N-butyl N-carboxyanhydride (Bu-NCA). Polypeptoid bottlebrush copolymers with varying backbone length and side chain composition were subsequently synthesized using the grafting-through method via the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornenyl-terminated poly(N-ethyl glycine)-ran-poly(N-butyl glycine) macromonomers. The bottlebrush copolypeptoids are thermally responsive with a cloud point transition in aqueous solution similar to the linear macromonomers. In contrast to the linear macromonomers, the cloud point transition of the bottlebrush copolypeptoids is strongly dependent on the thermal history of the solution. Freshly prepared aqueous solutions of the bottlebrush copolypeptoids do not exhibit any notable cloud point transition, whereas the solutions that have been thermally annealed at high temperature exhibit sharp and reversible cloud point transition. Intriguingly, upon inorganic salt addition, the aqueous solutions of the bottlebrush copolypeptoids exhibit normal cloud point transition which is independent of the solution thermal history. It was suggested that the thermal annealing and the presence of a salt facilitated the conformational reorganization of the bottlebrush copolypeptoids to favor hydrophobic collapse and intermolecular aggregation, resulting in a cloud point transition.
Bridging the gap between clinicians and systems biologists: from network biology to translational biomedical research (2016)

With the wealth of data accumulated from completely sequenced genomes and other high-throughput experiments, global studies of biological systems, by simultaneously investigating multiple biological entities (e.g. genes, transcripts, proteins), has become a routine. Network representation is frequently used to capture the presence of these molecules as well as their relationship. Network biology has been widely used in molecular biology and genetics, where several network properties have been shown to be functionally important. Here, we discuss how such methodology can be useful to translational biomedical research, where scientists traditionally focus on one or a small set of genes, diseases, and drug candidates at any one time. We first give an overview of network representation frequently used in biology: what nodes and edges represent, and review its application in preclinical research to date. Using cancer as an example, we review how network biology can facilitate system-wide approaches to identify targeted small molecule inhibitors. These types of inhibitors have the potential to be more specific, resulting in high efficacy treatments with less side effects, compared to the conventional treatments such as chemotherapy. Global analysis may provide better insight into the overall picture of human diseases, as well as identify previously overlooked problems, leading to rapid advances in medicine. From the clinicians' point of view, it is necessary to bridge the gap between theoretical network biology and practical biomedical research, in order to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the world's major diseases.
Methanofullerenes Used as Electron Acceptors in Polymer Photovoltaic Devices (2004)

A series of [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid esters, including methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with different alkyl chain lengths (C1−C16) was synthesized from the reaction of C60 and alkyl 4-benzoylbutyrate p-tosylhydrazone in the presence of sodium methylate. The solubility of C60 derivatives in organic solvents increased with the increase in the length of alkyl substitutions. Photovoltaic cells with these derivatives were fabricated with the structure of ITO/PEDT/MEH−PPV + C60 derivatives/Ba/Al. Device performances with such PCBM analogues were investigated and discussed in terms of Donor/Acceptor (D/A) phase separation and mobility of acceptor phase. The results clearly indicate that both interfacial properties of the two phases (donor and acceptor) and mobility of electrons and holes within corresponding phases play an important role in the efficiencies of PV cells. This study revealed that methanofullerenes [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid butyl ester, PCBB, possesses better photosensitivity than the PCBM, a widely investigated and well-recognized C60 derivative for polymer PV cells The energy conversion efficiency reaches 2.84% for PCBB under AM1.5 illumination (78.2 mW/cm2), but 2.0% for PCBM fabricated in the same conditions.
Regional and Practice Variation in Adherence to Guideline Recommendations for Secondary and Primary Prevention Among Outpatients With Atherothrombosis or Risk Factors in the United States (2009)

Adherence to guideline-recommended preventive therapies in the outpatient setting was affected by patient characteristics, geographical region, and treating physician specialty. Novel approaches may be needed to improve the use of evidence-based, guideline-recommended therapies in these outpatient settings.
Stability of the lumbar spine and method of instrumentation. (1993)

We have carried out a biomechanical study to investigate the effect on flexion, extension, and rotation of seven systems of fixation on five cadaveric lumbar spines. Pedicle fixation proved the most effective method to restrict these movements. Facet screw fixation was also successful. Harrington distraction rods, the Hartshill rectangle and the Luque technique, although restricting slight flexion and extension, exerted little control over rotation. We conclude that pedicular fixation and facet joint fixation provide the greatest overall stability and might, therefore, be the best systems to consider for multilevel fusions in the lumbosacral region.
DETECTING FEATURES FROM SLICED POINT CLOUDS (2007)

We present a new method for extracting the feature primitives of a 3D object directly from the point cloud of its surface scan. The objective is to identify a subset of points that provides the same information about the structure and the topology of the object geometry as the point cloud itself. The entire process is carried out with the least human intervention possible. The only information we receive as input is the point cloud of the 3D scan of the object. First, the point cloud is sliced in cross sections. Each cross section consists of a 2D point cloud. A collection of curve patches is derived for each slice, describing the cross section, and providing a featurebased CAD model appropriate for further editing. For the extraction of the feature points and the interpolating curve patches we use properties of the convex hull and the voronoi diagram of the point cloud.