gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and Biodiversity of Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria andAcetic Acid Bacteria Involved in Spontaneous Heap Fermentation of Cocoa Beans inGhana (2007)

The Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation process was studied through a multiphasic approach, encompassing both microbiological and metabolite target analyses. A culture-dependent (plating and incubation, followed by repetitive-sequence-based PCR analyses of picked-up colonies) and culture-independent (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE] of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, PCR-DGGE) approach revealed a limited biodiversity and targeted population dynamics of both lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) during fermentation. Four main clusters were identified among the LAB isolated: Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Other taxa encompassed, for instance, Weissella. Only four clusters were found among the AAB identified: Acetobacter pasteurianus, Acetobacter syzygii-like bacteria, and two small clusters of Acetobacter tropicalis-like bacteria. Particular strains of L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and A. pasteurianus, originating from the environment, were well adapted to the environmental conditions prevailing during Ghanaian cocoa bean heap fermentation and apparently played a significant role in the cocoa bean fermentation process. Yeasts produced ethanol from sugars, and LAB produced lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, and mannitol from sugars and/or citrate. Whereas L. plantarum strains were abundant in the beginning of the fermentation, L. fermentum strains converted fructose into mannitol upon prolonged fermentation. A. pasteurianus grew on ethanol, mannitol, and lactate and converted ethanol into acetic acid. A newly proposed Weissella sp., referred to as "Weissella ghanaensis," was detected through PCR-DGGE analysis in some of the fermentations and was only occasionally picked up through culture-based isolation. Two new species of Acetobacter were found as well, namely, the species tentatively named "Acetobacter senegalensis" (A. tropicalis-like) and "Acetobacter ghanaensis" (A. syzygii-like).
Microstrip transmission line excitation of dielectric resonator antennas (1988)

A systematic investigation of the excitation of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna was undertaken to illustrate the possibility of such a feed structure and to characterise the coupling behaviour and radiation patterns of the system.
Enhanced brightness x-ray lasers (1994)

We are developing short-pulsed, enhanced-brightness, and coherent x-ray lasers (XRLs) for applications in areas such as plasma imaging. In a traveling wave pump setup the optical laser creating the XRL plasma sweeps along the lasant axis at the same speed as the x-rays. This technique becomes increasingly important as the target length increases and the gain duration shortens. An order of magnitude increase in output energy was measured with vs without traveling wave pump. Using multiple pulse techniques and multilayer mirrors to inject the output of one pulse back into the plasma formed by a later pulse we have begun to develop the x-ray analog of a multi-pass amplifler. The use of multiple pulses separated by as much as 1.6 ns reduces multilayer mirror damage. This injection technique is demonstrated by imaging the near-field emission profiles of the XRL. The addition of multilayer beamsplitter will allow us to effectively produce a soft XRL cavity.
Ray tracing prediction of indoor radio propagation (2002)

Indoor wireless systems will be used in a large variety of office, factory and residential environments. Thus, adequate guidelines for radio port placement are needed to ensure satisfactory performance at the lowest cost. These guidelines must be derived from a large body of site-specific propagation data. However, collecting a statistically significant database through measurements is a daunting task. Alternatively, this database can be generated by using propagation models, validated by measurements. Several models exist for the statistical characterization of microwave propagation within buildings, However, statistical models do not provide site-specific information. We propose a hybrid model in which ray tracing is used to predict, at any given location, the local mean of the received power and the delay profile. Variations about the mean values can then be captured via a statistical description matched to the local environment. We describe an efficient 3-D ray tracing algorithm which accounts for all (transmitted as well as reflected) rays reaching the receiver location after an arbitrary number of reflections. We include the effects of the angle of incidence, the material dielectric constant and the antenna patterns. The predicted values for the local means of the received power are then compared against measurements to establish the accuracy of this approach.
Dosage Recommendation of Phenytoin for Patients with Epilepsy with Different CYP2C9/CYP2C19 Polymorphisms (2004)

To search for the optimal dosage of phenytoin in patients with epilepsy based on the metabolic activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, a total of 169 patients receiving phenytoin treatment for more than 1 month were recruited. Phenytoin concentration, serum albumin, liver function tests, and renal function tests were measured. CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis, and NONMEM models were built to evaluate factors that would affect phenytoin metabolism. Patients were divided into 5 groups according to genotyping results (G1 to G5). Compared with extensive metabolizers in both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 (G1), the Vmax (mg/kg/d) was 8.29% and 36.96% lower in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (G3) and CYP2C9 poor metabolizers (G4), respectively. For the patient who was identified as a poor metabolizer in both CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 (G5), the Vmax was 45.75% lower than that of G1. In respect to Km (mg/L), it was 15.09% higher in G3 and 27.36% higher in G4 compared with that in G1. The Km of G5 was 91.71% higher than that of G1. The results revealed that the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms have dramatic effects on the population pharmacokinetic parameters of phenytoin, especially for CYP2C9. Based on the Vm and Km values obtained in this study, the recommended dose ranges for G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 patients would be 5.5-7, 5-7, 5-6, 3-4, and 2-3 mg/kg/d, respectively.
An Expected Goals Model for Evaluating NHL Teams and Players (2012)

One difficulty with analyzing performance in hockey is the relatively low scoring rates compared to sports like basketball. Fenwick rating (shots plus missed shots) and Corsi rating (shots, missed shots, blocked shots) have been used to analyze players and teams because they have been shown to be better than goals as a predictor of future goals. In this paper, we use variables like faceoffs, hits, and other statistics as predictor variables in addition to goals, shots, missed shots, and blocked shots, to predict goals. Our models outperform previous models with regard to mean squared error of actual goals and predicted goals. The results can be interpreted as expected goals and can be used in adjusted plus-minus models instead of goals. We use ridge regression to estimate a player’s contribution to his team’s expected goals per 60 minutes, independent of his teammates, opponents, and the zone in which his shifts begin. We also give adjusted plus-minus estimates based on goals, shots, Fenwick rating, and Corsi rating and use these results alongside the results for expected goals to provide an additional means by which NHL analysts, decision-makers, and fans can measure how valuable a player is to his team.
Optical fibre sensor for partial discharge detection and location in high-voltage power transformer (1992)

This paper investigates the possibility of applying a fibre optic sensor to detect the ultrasonic signals in HV power transformers. Since these signals are wide-band, the system should be able to detect the components in the low-frequency range. Descriptions of the operating principle together with the sensor construction and also the electronic circuitry necessary to process the optical signals are given. >
Continuous noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring: The standard of care and future impact* (2011)

Point-of-Care Technologies Center and the POCT•CTR Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; School of Medicine; University of California at Davis; Davis, CA This editorial was supported by the Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research (POCT•CTR) and by a National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) Point-of-Care Technologies Center grant (Dr. Kost, principal investigator, NIH US4 EB007959). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NBIB or the NIH. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
The Chloroplast Small Heat-Shock Protein Oligomer Is Not Phosphorylated and Does Not Dissociate during Heat Stress in Vivo1 (1998)

Plants synthesize several classes of small (15- to 30-kD monomer) heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) in response to heat stress, including a nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-localized sHSP (HSP21). Cytosolic sHSPs exist as large oligomers (approximately 200-800 kD) composed solely or primarily of sHSPs. Phosphorylation of mammalian sHSPs causes oligomer dissociation, which appears to be important for regulation of sHSP function. We examined the native structure and phosphorylation of chloroplast HSP21 to understand this protein's basic properties and to compare it with cytosolic sHSPs. The apparent size of native HSP21 complexes was > 200 kD and they did not dissociate during heat stress. We found no evidence that HSP21 or the plant cytosolic sHSPs are phosphorylated in vivo. A partial HSP21 complex purified from heat-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves contained no proteins other than HSP21. Mature recombinant pea and Arabidopsis thaliana HSP21 were expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified recombinant Arabidopsis HSP21 assembled into homo-oligomeric complexes with the same apparent molecular mass as HSP21 complexes observed in heat-stressed leaf tissue. We propose that the native, functional form of chloroplast HSP21 is a large, oligomeric complex containing nine or more HSP21 subunits, and that plant sHSPs are not regulated by phosphorylation-induced dissociation.
Der Hedgehog Signalweg als neuer Master-Regulator des Lipidmetabolismus in Hepatocyten: Implikationen für die hepatische Steatose (2011)

Hintergrund: Der Hedgehog Signalweg (Hh) ist, ähnlich wie der Wnt/ß-Catenin Signalweg, für die Embryonalentwicklung und Gewebsdifferenzierung unabdingbar. Funktionen im adulten Gewebe, speziell in der Leber, konnten bis dato für das ß-Cateinin-Signaling beim Stickstoff- und Glucosemetabolismus gezeigt werden (1,2). Da der Hh Signalweg evolutionär konserviert eng mit der Kontrolle des Körperfetts verbunden ist (3,4), haben wir versucht, den Einfluss des Hh Signalwegs auf den Lipidmetabolismus in der adulten Leber aufzuklären. Methoden: Ein konditionales, hepatozyten-spezifisches Knockout Mausmodell für Smoothened (Smo) wurde generiert. Nach Aktivierung der Cre-Rekombinase in 8 Wochen alten Mäusen durch Doxycyclin konnte ein vollständiger KO von Smo erzielt werden (Smo-KO Maus). Nicht aktivierte Geschwister dienten als Kontrollen (WT). Veränderungen im Lipidstoffwechsel wurden mittels „Genearrays“, RT-PCR, Gli siRNA und Immunhistochemie untersucht. Ergebnisse: Smo-KO führte nach wenigen Tagen zu einer macrovesiculären Steatose in der Leber. Gleichzeitig verloren die Tiere in 35 T ca. 25% des Körpergewichts. Ursache der Steatose ist eine Absenkung der Transkriptionsfaktoren (TF) Gli1 und Gli3. Insbesondere der Verlust von Gli3 führt zur verstärkten Expression von zentralen TFs der Lipogenese, z.B. Ppar-α, Ppar-γ und Srebp1. Die resultierende Steigerung von Schlüsselenzymen der Lipogenese konnte auf mRNA und Protein-Ebene gezeigt werden. Im Falle der FAS veränderte sich auch die Zonierung. Kultivierte Smo-KO Hepatocyten zeigten eine gesteigerte Synthese von freien Fettsäuren und Triglyceriden, besonders unter hoher Glucose. Obwohl VLDL gesteigert war, kam es zur massiven Akkumulation von Triglyceriden in der Leber. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Hh Signalweg in der adulten Leber ein Netzwerk der wichtigsten lipogenetischen TFs und Enzyme kontrolliert. Störungen führen unabhängig von nutritiven Einflüssen zu einer hepatischen Steatose.
High speed communicator for fault tolerant systems (2002)

A layered architecture for a communicator was presented which allows four COTS processor boards, each in a standard backplane such as VMEbus or CompactPCI, to be networked together to produce a quad-redundant fault tolerant computer. The communicator features a high-bandwidth data exchange making data reliably congruent across the four channels.
Local Delivery of Cannabinoid-Loaded Microparticles Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Murine Xenograft Model of Glioblastoma Multiforme (2013)

Cannabinoids, the active components of marijuana and their derivatives, are currently investigated due to their potential therapeutic application for the management of many different diseases, including cancer. Specifically, Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) - the two major ingredients of marijuana - have been shown to inhibit tumor growth in a number of animal models of cancer, including glioma. Although there are several pharmaceutical preparations that permit the oral administration of THC or its analogue nabilone or the oromucosal delivery of a THC- and CBD-enriched cannabis extract, the systemic administration of cannabinoids has several limitations in part derived from the high lipophilicity exhibited by these compounds. In this work we analyzed CBD- and THC-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone microparticles as an alternative delivery system for long-term cannabinoid administration in a murine xenograft model of glioma. In vitro characterization of THC- and CBD-loaded microparticles showed that this method of microencapsulation facilitates a sustained release of the two cannabinoids for several days. Local administration of THC-, CBD- or a mixture (1:1 w:w) of THC- and CBD-loaded microparticles every 5 days to mice bearing glioma xenografts reduced tumour growth with the same efficacy than a daily local administration of the equivalent amount of those cannabinoids in solution. Moreover, treatment with cannabinoid-loaded microparticles enhanced apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation and angiogenesis in these tumours. Our findings support that THC- and CBD-loaded microparticles could be used as an alternative method of cannabinoid delivery in anticancer therapies.
Psychologic aspects of chronic headache. (2000)

Chronic recurrent headache affects 45 million Americans. Despite recent advances in medical modes of therapy for headache, the underlying pathophysiology for the condition is not yet fully understood. Like other conditions for which we have no objective markers for disease, nor a clear understanding of pathophysiology, psychologic causes are suspected. Although mounting evidence suggests a biochemical basis for headache, many clinicians still believe that psychologic influences may contribute to maintaining headache chronicity. Nonpharmacologic and psychologic treatment modalities such as biofeedback and cognitive/behavioral therapy may be successfully used as part of a comprehensive treatment program to give patients a greater sense of control, reverse anticipatory anxiety, and improve functioning and quality of life.
Contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (1993)

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, although still in its infancy, is recognized as a valuable diagnostic tool. Investigation of the utility of contrast media as applied to MR angiography is, to no surprise, preliminary. In restricted instances, with present techniques, contrast media-enhanced MR angiography can provide additional valuable diagnostic information. Inspection of two-dimensional images (as opposed to three-dimensional projections) and comparison of MR images before and after administration of contrast agent are particularly important. Improved visualization of intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, venous anomalies, and arterial occlusions has been demonstrated on three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiograms after intravenous administration of a gadolinium chelate, relative to studies performed before administration of the contrast agent.
Macrophage PI3Kγ Drives Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression (2016)

We report here that PI3Kγ regulates macrophage transcriptional programming, leading to T-cell suppression, desmoplasia, and metastasis in pancreas adenocarcinoma. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ restores antitumor immune responses and improves responsiveness to standard-of-care chemotherapy. PI3Kγ represents a new therapeutic immune target for pancreas cancer. Cancer Discov; 6(8); 870-85. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 803.
Learning trees and rules with set-valued features (1996)

In most learning systems examples are represented as fixed-length &quot;feature vectors&quot;, the components of which are either real numbers or nominal values. We propose an extension of the featurevector representation that allows the value of a feature to be a set of strings; for instance, to represent a small white and black dog with the nominal features size and species and the setvalued feature color, one might use a feature vector with size=small, species=canis-familiaris and color=fwhite,blackg. Since we make no assumptions about the number of possible set elements, this extension of the traditional feature-vector representation is closely connected to Blum&apos;s &quot;infinite attribute&quot; representation. We argue that many decision tree and rule learning algorithms can be easily extended to setvalued features. We also show by example that many real-world learning problems can be efficiently and naturally represented with set-valued features; in particular, text categorization problems and probl...
Nanosecond-tunable double-section DFB laser for dynamic wavelength addressing applications (1988)

Fast tuning among eight wavelengths with switching times <5 ns is reported. A current-injection tuning scheme is presented which minimises thermal effects over a continuous range of 3.2 Å.
The Role of Counter-Ions in Peptides—An Overview (2020)

Peptides and proteins constitute a large group of molecules that play multiple functions in living organisms. In conjunction with their important role in biological processes and advances in chemical approaches of synthesis, the interest in peptide-based drugs is still growing. As the side chains of amino acids can be basic, acidic, or neutral, the peptide drugs often occur in the form of salts with different counter-ions. This review focuses on the role of counter-ions in peptides. To date, over 60 peptide-based drugs have been approved by the FDA. Based on their area of application, biological activity, and results of preliminary tests they are characterized by different counter-ions. Moreover, the impact of counter-ions on structure, physicochemical properties, and drug formulation is analyzed. Additionally, the application of salts as mobile phase additives in chromatographic analyses and analytical techniques is highlighted.
Austempered Materials for Powertrain Applications (2013)

Austempered irons and steels offer the design engineer alternatives to conventional material/process combinations. Depending on the material and the application, Austempering may provide the following benefits to producers of powertrain components such as gears and shafts: ease of manufacturing, increased bending and/or contact fatigue strength, better wear resistance and enhanced dampening characteristics resulting in lower noise. Austempered materials have been used to improve the performance of powertrain components in numerous applications for a wide range of industries, from gears and shafts to clutch plates and crankshafts. This paper focuses on Austempered solutions for powertrain applications with an emphasis on gear and shaft solutions.
Structure-function studies on phytochrome. Preliminary characterization of highly purified phytochrome from Avena sativa enriched in the 124-kilodalton species. (1983)

A new protocol for the purification of phytochrome from etiolated Avena sativa L. seedlings in 15-25% yield is described. This preparation exhibits molecular properties dissimilar to those previously reported from oats. Phytochrome prepared by this method contains a dominant species having a Mr = 124,000 (70% of total) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, in addition to a chromoprotein species with Mr = 118,000 (30%). A blocked NH2 terminus is indicated by amino acid sequencing of the purified chromoprotein preparation. By ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, this preparation displays a 730-nm absorption maximum for Pfr, an enhanced APfr730/APfr668 ratio under saturating red light illumination, and a reduced amount of dark reversion. Circular dichroism reveals a new absorption band for Pfr in the blue spectral region. These spectral properties and electrophoretic behavior are consistent with available information on phytochrome in vivo or in rapidly prepared extracts from oat seedlings. Thus, the molecular properties described here may more accurately reflect those of phytochrome in vivo in etiolated A. sativa shoots than those of phytochrome species isolated by previous methodologies.
Safety and Potential Therapeutic Effect of Two Intracavernous Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells injections in Diabetic Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: An Open Label Phase I Clinical Trial (2018)

This is the first human study with proven tolerability, safety and efficacy of intracavernous autologous BM-MSC injections for treatment of diabetic patients with ED.
Nanocomposite heterojunctions as sunlight-driven photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting (2015)

Hydrogen production via photocatalytic water splitting using sunlight has enormous potential in solving the worldwide energy and environmental crisis. The key challenge in this process is to develop efficient photocatalysts which must satisfy several criteria such as high chemical and photochemical stability, effective charge separation and strong sunlight absorption. The combination of different semiconductors to create composite materials offers a promising way to achieve efficient photocatalysts because doing so can improve the charge separation, light absorption and stability of the photocatalysts. In this review article, we summarized the most recent studies on semiconductor composites for hydrogen production under visible light irradiation. After a general introduction about the photocatalysis phenomenon, typical heterojunctions of widely studied heterogeneous semiconductors, including titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide and graphitic carbon nitride are discussed in detail.