gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving nematocidial activity of bacteria via protoplast fusion. (2009)

Cucumber plants play an important role in economical field in Egypt. But they are infected by plant parasitic nematodes that leading to losses cucumber yield. This study attempted to construct more efficient bacterial strains may be able to controlling nematodes, as well as, maintenance the soil fertility using molecular biology method via induced protoplast fusion between different strains of Pseudomonas and Serratia to improve the biological control against the nematodes number in infected fields, in order to reduce the use of nematocidial agents. Four strains of Serratia and six Pseudomonas strains were used in this study. The results showed that more efficient strains in the production of indole acetic acid and antibiotic resistance were controlling plant parasitic nematodes such as Meloidogyne and some other type of nematodes. Mortality values were obtained by all strains of Serratia and Pseudomonas, as well as, the high values of mortality were obtained from Pseudomonas strains. Different bacterial strains could control the nematodes larva under green house condition which reduced the numbers of larva. per k.g soil, as well as, reduced galls formation and galling index. However, some bacterial strains were more efficient in controlling nematodes such as Serratia strains ESA.4, ESA12 and Pseudomonas strains NRRL-B 514, NRRL-B 694, NRRL-B.99, NRRL-B.51. On the other hand, fusants produced antibiotic chitinoltic enzymes, chitinases and bacteriocin which improved their ability to control the nematodes in the soil rhizosphere. Fusants induced high mortality levels against nematodes if compared with the parental strains, as well as, all the fusants obtained controlled nematodes and protected cucumber plants from nematode infection causing yield losses. This indicated that fusants evaluated against plant parasitic nematodes appeared high efficient nematocidial effect. The results of fusants documented using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting appeared genetic variations between fusants and their parental strains.
Complete dissolution and partial delignification of wood in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (2009)

Both softwood (southern yellow pine) and hardwood (red oak) can be completely dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim]OAc) after mild grinding. Complete dissolution was achieved by heating the sample in an oil bath, although wood dissolution can be accelerated by microwave pulses or ultrasound irradiation. It has been shown that [C2mim]OAc is a better solvent for wood than 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) and that variables such as type of wood, initial wood load, particle size, etc. affect dissolution and dissolution rates; for example, red oak dissolves better and faster than southern yellow pine. Carbohydrate-free lignin and cellulose-rich materials can be obtained by using the proper reconstitution solvents (e.g., acetone/water 1 : 1 v/v) and approximately 26.1% and 34.9% reductions of lignin content in the reconstituted cellulose-rich materials (from pine and oak, respectively) have been achieved in one dissolution/reconstitution cycle. The regenerated cellulose-rich materials and lignin fractions were characterized and compared with the original wood samples and biopolymer standards. For pine, 59% of the holocellulose (i.e., the sum of cellulose and hemicellulose) in the original wood can be recovered in the cellulose-rich reconstituted material; whereas 31% and 38% of the original lignin is recovered, respectively, as carbohydrate-free lignin and as carbohydrate-bonded lignin in the cellulose-rich material.
The ZEBRA activation domain: modular organization and mechanism of action. (1993)

An RNA polymerase II activator often contains several regions that contribute to its potency, an organization ostensibly analogous to the modular architecture of promoters and enhancers. The regulatory significance of this parallel organization has not been systematically explored. We considered this problem by examining the activation domain of the Epstein-Barr virus transactivator ZEBRA. We performed our experiments in vitro so that the activator concentrations, stabilities, and affinities for DNA could be monitored. ZEBRA and various amino-terminal deletion derivatives, expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli, were assayed in a HeLa cell nuclear extract for the ability to activate model reporter templates bearing one, three, five, and seven upstream ZEBRA binding sites. Our data show that ZEBRA contains four modules that contribute to its potency in vitro. The modules operate interchangeably with promoter sites to determine the transcriptional response such that the loss of modules can be compensated for by increasing promoter sites. Potassium permanganate footprinting was used to show that transcriptional stimulation is a consequence of the activator's ability to promote preinitiation complex assembly. Kinetic measurements of transcription complex assembly in a reconstituted system indicate that ZEBRA promotes formation of a subcomplex requiring the TFIIA and TFIID fractions, where TFIIA acts as an antirepressor. We propose a model in which the concentration of DNA-bound activation modules in the vicinity of the gene initiates synergistic transcription complex assembly.
Murine Model of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> Infection in the Immunocompetent Host (1998)

Bartonella henselae is an emerging pathogen causing cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of and the immune response to these infections has been limited by the lack of an animal model. Following intraperitoneal infection of C57BL/6 mice with B. henselae, organs were cleared of cultivatable bacteria within 6 days. In contrast, B. henselae DNA could be detected in liver tissue for at least 3 months. Liver tissue showed granulomatous inflammation reaching its highest degree of intensity during the fourth week of infection and resolving within 12 weeks postinfection. This mouse model is applicable to the study of the pathogenesis of B. henselae and the immune response to this pathogen in the immunocompetent host.
Assessment of Sarcocystis neurona Sporocyst Viability and Differentiation Between Viable and Nonviable Sporocysts Using Propidium Iodide Stain (2004)

Sarcocystis neurona has become recognized as the major causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in the Americas. At least 3 pathogenic species of Sarcocystis, including S. neurona, can be isolated from opossums. Methods are needed to ascertain whether these isolates are viable and capable of causing infections. In this study, the nuclear stain propidium iodide (PI) was used to differentiate between live (viable) and heat-killed (nonviable) S. neurona sporocysts. PI was excluded by live sporocysts but penetrated compromised sporocyst membrane and stained sporozoite nuclei of dead sporocysts. After live and dead sporocysts were mixed at various ratios, the number of unstained sporocysts detected after the staining procedure correlated significantly (r2 = 0.9978) with the expected numbers of live sporocysts. Sporocyst mixtures were also assayed for in vitro excystation and development in tissue cultures. The correlation between the percentage of plaques formed in tissue cultures and the percentage of expected infectious (live) sporocysts in each mixture was r2 = 0.6712. By analysis of variance, no statistically significant difference was measured between the percentage of viable sporocysts and the percentage of infectious sporocysts (P = 0.3902) in each mixture. In addition, there was evidence of a relation between PI impermeability of sporocysts and animal infectivity. These results suggest that the PI dye-exclusion technique can be a useful tool in identifying viability and potential infectivity of S. neurona sporocysts and in differentiating between viable and nonviable sporocysts.
Characterization of Near-Road Pollutant Gradients Using Path-Integrated Optical Remote Sensing (2008)

Understanding motor vehicle emissions, near-roadway pollutant dispersion, and their potential impact to near-roadway populations is an area of growing environmental interest. As part of ongoing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency research in this area, a field study was conducted near Interstate 440 (I-440) in Raleigh, NC, in July and August of 2006. This paper presents a subset of measurements from the study focusing on nitric oxide (NO) concentrations near the roadway. Measurements of NO in this study were facilitated by the use of a novel path-integrated optical remote sensing technique called deep ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DUV-DOAS). This paper reviews the development and application of this measurement system. Time-resolved near-road NO concentrations are analyzed in conjunction with wind and traffic data to provide a picture of emissions and near-road dispersion for the study. Results show peak NO concentrations in the 150 ppb range during weekday morning rush hours with winds from the road accompanied by significantly lower afternoon and weekend concentrations. Traffic volume and wind direction are shown to be primary determinants of NO concentrations with turbulent diffusion and meandering accounting for significant near-road concentrations in off-wind conditions. The enhanced source capture performance of the open-path configuration allowed for robust comparisons of measured concentrations with a composite variable of traffic intensity coupled with wind transport (R2 = 0.84) as well as investigations on the influence of wind direction on NO dilution near the roadway. The benefits of path-integrated measurements for assessing line source impacts and evaluating models is presented. The advantages of NO as a tracer compound, compared with nitrogen dioxide, for investigations of mobile source emissions and initial dispersion under crosswind conditions are also discussed.
Detecting data races on weak memory systems (1991)

For shared-memory systems, the most commonly assumed programmer's model of memory is sequential consistency. The weaker models of weak ordering, release consistency with sequentially consistent synchronization operations, data-race-free-O, and data-race-free-1 provide higher performance by guaranteeing sequential consistency to only a restricted class of programs -mainly programs that do not exhibit data races. To allow programmers to use the intuition and algorithms already developed for sequentially consistent systems, it is impontant to determine when a program written for a weak system exhibits no data races. In this paper, we investigate the extension of dynamic data race detection techniques developed for sequentially consistent systems to weak systems. A potential problem is that in the presence of a data race, weak systems fail to guarantee sequential consistency and therefore dynamic techniques may not give meaningful results. However, we reason that in practice a weak system will preserve sequential consistency at least until the "first" data races since it cannot predict if a data race will occur. We formalize this condition and show that it allows data races to be dynamically detected. Further, since this condition is already obeyed by all proposed implementations of weak systems, the full performance of weak systems can be exploited.
A robust anomaly detection system (2014)

Data mining techniques helps to sift through large amount of data for patterns and characteristic rules. Due to great possibility of malicious data entering in any field of concern, it has become a necessity to build not just a generalized model for anomaly detection but also train the same model to work with utmost precision. K-means clustering algorithm although is one of the most easiest and quite popular unsupervised clustering algorithm, it can be used to dovetail PCA and Robust MCD to build a very generalized and robust anomaly detection system. Standard problems resulting from K-means algorithm is its constant attempt to find local minima and result in a cluster that leads to ambiguity, however if the same K-means algorithm is combined with principal component analysis technique(PCA),it results in the formation of more closely centered cluster that works well with K-means algorithm, and with the application of a customized robust and adaptive outlier detection algorithm can provide a great boost to the the anomaly detection problem. The system proposed is a robust anomaly detection system that can be applied to any field from health to networks in order to accurately detect outliers due to the robust and adaptive nature of MCD algorithm developed in this paper.
A Comparison of Impairment Abstractions by Multiple Users of an Installed Fiber Infrastructure (2019)

We compare three independent impairment abstractions of an installed fibre infrastructure. Abstractions agreed to within 1.3dB despite being obtained from different nodes using different terminal equipment. Validation using a DWDM virtual topology was within 1.4dB.
Measles virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells assembles into nucleocapsid-like structures (1993)

The gene encoding the major nucleocapsid, N, protein of measles virus has been inserted into a baculovirus vector under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Insect cells infected with this recombinant baculovirus synthesize high levels of measles N protein, up to 40% of total soluble cell protein. The recombinant protein is recognized by sera from convalescent patients, vaccinees and patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and thus could form the basis of a simple diagnostic assay. Nucleocapsid-like structures, similar to those found in mammalian cells infected with measles virus, can be observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected insect cells. These have many structural features in common with nucleocapsids found in measles virus-infected cells, but are longer (up to 2 microns) and have a lower buoyant density. Measles N protein thus appears to be capable of assembling into nucleocapsid-like structures in the absence of measles virion RNA or other viral proteins.
Thermally responsive rolling of thin gel strips with discrete variations in swelling (2012)

The process by which spatial variations in growth transform two-dimensional elastic membranes into three-dimensional shapes is both a fundamentally interesting mechanism of shape selection and a powerful tool for the preparation of responsive materials. From the perspective of lithographic patterning of thin gel sheets, it is most straightforward to prepare materials consisting of discrete regions with different degrees of swelling. However, the sharp variations in swelling at the boundaries between such regions make it impossible for the sheet to adopt a configuration that is free of in-plane stresses everywhere. Thus, the deformation of such materials is not well understood. Here, we consider the geometrically simple case of a photo-crosslinkable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymer patterned into thin rectangular strips divided into one high- and one low-swelling region. When swelled in an aqueous medium at 22 °C, the sheet rolls into a three-dimensional shape consisting of two nearly cylindrical regions connected by a transitional neck. Heating to 50 °C leads to fully reversible de-swelling back to a flat configuration. We propose a scaling argument based on a balance between stretching and bending energies that relates the curvature of the 3D shape to the width and thickness of the strip, find good agreement with experimental data and numerical simulations, and further demonstrate how this simple geometry provides a powerful route for the fabrication of self-folding stimuli-responsive micro-devices.
Hue-preserving and saturation-improved color histogram equalization algorithm (2016)

In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to improve contrast and saturation without color degradation. The local histogram equalization (HE) method offers better performance than the global HE method, whereas the local HE method sometimes produces undesirable results due to the block-based processing. The proposed contrast-enhancement (CE) algorithm reflects the characteristics of the global HE method in the local HE method to avoid the artifacts, while global and local contrasts are enhanced. There are two ways to apply the proposed CE algorithm to color images. One is luminance processing methods, and the other one is each channel processing methods. However, these ways incur excessive or reduced saturation and color degradation problems. The proposed algorithm solves these problems by using channel adaptive equalization and similarity of ratios between the channels. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm enhances contrast and saturation while preserving the hue and producing better performance than existing methods in terms of objective evaluation metrics.
The Production of Multiple Small Peptaibol Families by Single 14‐Module Peptide Synthetases in <i>Trichoderma</i>/<i>Hypocrea</i> (2012)

The most common sequences of peptaibiotics are 11-residue peptaibols found widely distributed in the genus Trichoderma/Hypocrea. Frequently associated are 14-residue peptaibols sharing partial sequence identity. Genome sequencing projects of three Trichoderma strains of the major clades reveal the presence of up to three types of nonribosomal peptide synthetases with 7, 14, or 18-20 amino acid-adding modules. Here, we provide evidence that the 14-module NRPS type found in T. virens, T. reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina), and T. atroviride produces both 11- and 14-residue peptaibols based on the disruption of the respective NRPS gene of T. reesei, and bioinformatic analysis of their amino acid-activating domains and modules. The sequences of these peptides may be predicted from the gene sequences and have been confirmed by analysis of families of 11- and 14-residue peptaibols from the strain 618, termed hypojecorins A (23 sequences determined, 4 new) and B (3 sequences determined, 2 new), and the recently established trichovirins A from T. virens. The distribution of 11- and 14-residue products is strain-specific and depends on growth conditions as well. Possible mechanisms of module skipping are discussed.
RFLP for TaqI at the human neurofilament (NF-L) gene locus (1988)

pHNFL contains a 8.0 kb BamHl-SalI fragment that encodes the entire human NF-L gene (Julien et al.); the vector is pT3-T7-18.
On the Problems and Development Suggestions of Chinese Teaching in Thai Middle Schools (2020)

As a neighboring country of China, Thailand attaches great importance to Chinese language education. There are more and more Thai students studying in China, while in Thailand, Chinese teaching covers all stages from kindergarten to university. Although the number of Chinese learners in Thailand is increasing day by day, there are still many problems in Chinese teaching in Thailand. Thus, more people are needed to focus on research to solve the problem and promote the development of Chinese teaching in Thailand. This paper analyzes the existing problems of Chinese language teaching in Thai middle schools, and puts forward some development suggestions, so as to promote the development of Chinese international education.
Assignment of phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAMA) to human chromosome 10. Regional mapping of GOT1 and PGAMA to subbands 10q26.1 (or q25.3). (1982)

Human phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM, EC 2.7.5.3) is under the control of two structural loci that code for subunits A and B. By means of gene-dosage studies, Bücher et al. (1980) have assigned the loci for GOT1 and PGAMA to chromosome 19 of Mus musculus. Because of the known homologies between human and murine chromosomes, gene dosage studies were carried out in erythrocytes from one patient trisomic for the entire band 10q26 and from another patient monosomic for 10q26.2 and q26.3. Results were compatible with the assignment of PGAMA and GOT1 to 10q26.1 (or 10q25.3).
Diffuseness estimation with high temporal resolution via spatial coherence between virtual first-order microphones (2011)

The diffuseness of sound can be estimated with practical microphone setups by considering the spatial coherence between two microphone signals. In applications where small arrays of omnidirectional microphones are preferred, the diffuseness estimation is impaired by a high signal coherence in diffuse fields at lower frequencies, which is particularly problematic when carrying out the estimation with high temporal resolution. Therefore, we propose to exploit the spatial coherence between two virtual first-order microphones derived from the omnidirectional array. This represents a flexible method to accurately estimate the diffuseness in high-SNR regions at lower frequencies with high temporal resolution.
Human-robot contact in the safeguarding space (1997)

In this paper, we discuss a human-robot (H-R) coexistent system which allows H-R contact actions in the safeguarding space mechanically bounded by the human pain tolerance limit. The first half of this paper describes our study on the evaluation of the human pain tolerance limit which determines an individual's safeguarding space. We also show the human-safety-oriented design of a robot. The robot is covered with a viscoelastic material to achieve both impact force attenuation and contact sensitivity, keeping within the human pain tolerance limit. The robot, with simple direct-drive (DD) motor torque detection and emergency stop capabilities, automatically stops whenever any severe H-R contact occurs. In the second half of the paper, we propose a more efficient H-R system, which allows H-R contact for improving work efficiency, as long as the contact does not exceed the human pain tolerance limit. For this purpose, a robot is controlled to reduce its velocity with high reliability at an incipient stage of its contact with a human. Through experiments, we demonstrate the validity and efficient utility of the safeguarding space. The first experiment verifies that the developed robot exerts a contact force less than the human pain tolerance limit establishing the safeguarding space. The second experiment comparatively shows the robot's velocity reduction to accept a safe contact with the human in the space.
The Chemical Constituents of the Peel of <i>Citrus Tankan</i> Hayata (1985)

Abstract Seven kinds of flavones, β‐sitosterol, β‐sitosterol‐ D ‐glucoside, hesperidin, limonin, ferulic acid and succinic acid were isolated from the fruit peel of Citrus tankan Hayata.
Ataxin-3 Plays a Role in Mouse Myogenic Differentiation through Regulation of Integrin Subunit Levels (2010)

Ataxin-3 is important for myogenesis through regulation of integrin subunit levels.