gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of intra-die process variations for accurate analysis and optimization of nano-scale circuits (2006)

This paper proposes the use of Karhunen-Loève Expansion (KLE) for accurate and efficient modeling of intra-die correlations in the semiconductor manufacturing process. We demonstrate that the KLE provides a significantly more accurate representation of the underlying stochastic process compared to the traditional approach of dividing the layout into grids and applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA). By comparing the results of leakage analysis using both KLE and the existing approaches, we show that using KLE can provide up to 4-5x reduction in the variability space (number of random variables) while maintaining the same accuracy. We also propose an efficient leakage minimization algorithm that maximizes the leakage yield while satisfying probabilistic constraints on the delay.
<title>Implications of triple patterning for 14nm node design and patterning</title> (2012)

The upcoming 14nm logic node will require lithographic patterning of complex layout patterns with minimum pitches of approximately 44nm to 50nm. This requirement is technically feasible by reusing existing 20nm litho-etch-litho-etch (LELE) double patterning (DPT) methods with very strong restricted design rules. However, early indications are that the cost-effective design and patterning of these layouts will require lithographic methods with additional resolution, especially in two-dimensional configurations. If EUV lithography reaches maturity too late, the 14nm logic node will need other lithographic techniques and the corresponding physical design rules and EDA methodologies to be available. Triple patterning technology (TPT) is a strong option for 14nm node logic on both hole and line-space pattern layers. In this paper we study major implications of a 14nm logic TPT lithographic solution upon physical design, design rules, mask synthesis/EDA algorithms and their process interactions.
Synthesis, Structures, Dynamics, and Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Group 4 Metal (pyCAr<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>M(NR<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Complexes Containing Bidentate Pyridine−Alkoxide Ancillary Ligands (1997)

The reaction of 2-lithiopyridine and the appropriate diarylketone followed by hydrolysis yields pyCAr2OH pyridine−alcohols (1a, Ar = 4-tBu−C6H4; 1b, pyCAr2OH = 2-pyridyl-9-fluorenol; 1c, Ar = 3-CF3−C6H4; 1d, Ar = 4-Ph−C6H4; 1e, Ar = 4-NEt2−C6H4; 1f, pyCAr2OH = 1-(2-pyridyl)-1-dibenzosuberol; 1g, Ar = 3,5-(CF3)2−C6H3). The reaction of Ti(NMe2)4 with 2 equiv of 1a−g yields (pyCAr2O)2Ti(NMe2)2 (2a−g) and NMe2H. The reaction of Zr(NMe2)4 with 2 equiv of 1a,b,e yields (pyCAr2O)2Zr(NMe2)2 (3a,b,e), while similar reactions with 1c,d yield mixtures of (pyCAr2O)xZr(NMe2)4-x (x = 1−3) species. {pyC(3-CF3−C6H4)2O}3Zr(NMe2) (4c) and {pyC(4-NEt2−C6H4)2O}4Zr (5e) are prepared from Zr(NMe2)4 and 3 equiv of 1c or 4 equiv of 1e, respectively. The reaction of Hf(NMe2)4 with 2 equiv of 1a,e yields (pyCAr2O)2Hf(NMe2)2 (6a,e), while reaction with 3 equiv of 1b,c yields (pyCAr2O)3Hf(NMe2) (7b,c). X-ray crystallographic analyses establish that 2b, 2e, and 3a adopt distorted octahedral structures with a trans-O, cis-py, cis-amide arrangement of ligands. NMR data show that (pyCAr2O)2M(NMe2)2 complexes adopt the same structure in solution but undergo inversion of configuration at the metal with racemization barriers (ΔG⧧ (racemization)) in the range of 12−14 kcal/mol. Treatment of (pyCAr2O)2M(NMe2)2 complexes with Al(iBu)3 and methylalumoxane (MAO) yields active, multisite ethylene polymerization catalysts.
Surgical Performance with Head-Mounted Displays in Laparoscopic Surgery (2009)

The high-resolution HMD offered significantly better image quality and allowed faster task performance than a lower resolution model of HMD, and both performed better than the overhead display. The high-resolution HMD was not significantly more comfortable than the low-resolution model, given its added weight. HMDs alone may only be of incremental benefit in improving performance in laparoscopic surgery.However, their greatest promise is in their combination with other advances in imaging and image manipulation technology, as they open the door to individualized image display.
Fragmentation of Beaded Fibres in a Composite (2022)

The fibre-matrix interface plays an important role in the overall mechanical behaviour of a fibre-reinforced composite, but the classical approach to improving the interface through chemical sizing is bounded by the materials' properties. By contrast, structural and/or geometrical modification of the interface may provide mechanical interlocking and have wider possibilities and benefits. Here we investigate the introduction of polymer beads along the interface of a fibre and validate their contribution by a single fibre fragmentation test. Using glass fibres and the same epoxy system for both matrix and beads, an increase of 17.5% is observed in the interfacial shear strength of the beaded fibres compared to fibres with no polymer beads. This increase should lead to a similar improvement in the strength and toughness of a beaded fibre composite when short fibres are used. The beads were also seen to stabilise the fragmentation process of a fibre by reducing the scatter in fragment density at a given strain. A case could also be made for a critical beads number-4 beads in our experimental system-to describe interfacial shear strength, analogous to a critical length used in fibre composites.
Finite Element Analysis of Tube Hydroforming for Asymmetric Shape Products (2011)

In this study, the possibilities of tubular products with larger expansion ratio, complex cross section and longer expansion zone under different loading paths of tube hydroforming are investigated by using finite element simulation. The constant pressure and pulsating pressure are used in this study. According to analytical results, no sound products are found under constant pressure loading paths, whereas using pulsating pressure loading paths, a small success working area can be found. Finally, the finite element simulations of tube hydroforming under two-step loading path are carried out. When tubular material flow into the upper side of die cavity at initial period, it is shown that the possibility of tubular product could be improved by using pulsating pressure loading path.
Anthracenedicarboximides as Air-Stable N-Channel Semiconductors for Thin-Film Transistors with Remarkable Current On−Off Ratios (2007)

A new n-type semiconductor family for organic field-effect transistors (FETs), based on core-unsubstituted and core-cyanated anthracenedicarboximides, is reported. By tuning electron affinity, these materials exhibit good electron-transport properties and stability in ambient as well as very high Ion/Ioff ratios. Unoptimized N,N‘-di-n-octyl-9,10-dicyano-2,3:6,7-anthracenedicarboximide (ADI8-CN2)−based FETs exhibit good electron mobilities (μe = 0.02 cm2/(V s)) and very high Ion/Ioff > 107 in ambient conditions.
Stereospecific High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay for the Enantiomers of Phenylpropanolamine in Human Plasma (1991)

A stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the enantiomers of phenylpropanolamine (PPA) in human plasma has been developed. The method is based on reaction of extracted PPA with the chiral derivatizing agent 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate to form diastereomeric thiourea derivatives. These thiourea derivatives are stable for at least 24 h, readily separable by reversed-phase chromatography, and amenable to ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. Standard curves for each of the PPA enantiomers are linear over the concentration range 10-250 micrograms/L. Over the approximate range of the standard curve, precision (intra- and interday) ranged from 2.2-7.0% while accuracy ranged from 99.2-107.3%. The method has been shown to be free from interference from endogenous plasma constituents and from a range of drugs containing a primary or secondary amine function. Individual PPA enantiomer plasma concentration-time profiles measured for a subject administered racemic PPA are included to demonstrate the utility of the assay.
Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi (1994)

Chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and protease activities were formed when Trichoderma harzianum mycelia, grown on glucose as the sole carbon source, were transferred to fresh medium containing cell walls of Botrytis cinerea. Chitobiohydrolase, endochitinase, and beta-1,3-glucanase activities were immunologically detected in culture supernatants by Western blotting (immunoblotting), and the first two were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Under the same conditions, exogenously added [U-14C]valine was incorporated in acetone-soluble compounds with an apparent M(r) of < 2,000. These compounds comigrated with the peptaibols trichorzianines A1 and B1 in thin-layer chromatography and released [U-14C]valine after incubation in 6N HCl. Incorporation of radioactive valine into this material was stimulated by the exogenous supply of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, a rare amino acid which is a major constituent of peptaibols. The obtained culture supernatants inhibited spore germination as well as hyphal elongation of B. cinerea. Culture supernatants from mycelia placed in fresh medium without cell walls of B. cinerea did not show hydrolase activities, incorporation of [U-14C]valine into peptaibol-like compounds, and inhibition of fungal growth. Purified trichorzianines A1 and B1 as well as purified chitobiohydrolase, endochitinase, or beta-1,3-glucanase inhibited spore germination and hyphal elongation, but at concentrations higher than those observed in the culture supernatants. However, when the enzymes and the peptaibols were tested together, an antifungal synergistic interaction was observed and the 50% effective dose values obtained were in the range of those determined in the culture supernatants. Therefore, the parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics may have an important role in the antagonistic action of T. harzianum against fungal phytopathogens.
An abstract interpretation-based framework for software watermarking (2004)

Software watermarking consists in the intentional embedding of indelible stegosignatures or watermarks into the subject software and extraction of the stegosignatures embedded in the stegoprograms for purposes such as intellectual property protection. We introduce the novel concept of abstract software watermarking. The basic idea is that the watermark is hidden in the program code in such a way that it can only be extracted by an abstract interpretation of the (maybe non-standard) concrete semantics of this code. This static analysis-based approach allows the watermark to be recovered even if only a small part of the program code is present and does not even need that code to be executed. We illustrate the technique by a simple abstract watermarking protocol for methods of Java™ classes. The concept applies equally well to any other kind of software (including hardware originally specified by software).
An improved mean shift algorithm for moving object tracking (2008)

Traditional mean shift algorithm requires a symmetrical kernel, such as a circle or an ellipse, and assumes the kernel represents the object shape. Because the symmetrical kernel always contains some background regions, the performance of moving object tracking is dramatically affected when background is complex and changes greatly. To address above issue, this paper proposes an improved mean shift algorithm, which first performs image segmentation to obtain object shape from the selected region, then uses the object shape to construct a level set asymmetric kernel for mean shift. Therefore, the impact of changes in background is greatly reduced. Experimental results show that the algorithm presented in this paper is more effective and robust than traditional mean shift algorithm.
Extracellular domain splice variants of a transforming protein tyrosine phosphatase α mutant differentially activate Src‐kinase dependent focus formation (2006)

The extracellular domains of receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) contain a diverse range of protein modules like fibronectin- or immunoglobulin-like structures. These are frequently expressed in a tissue- and development specific manner as splice variants. The extracellular domain of PTPalpha is rather short and heavily glycosylated. Two splice variants are known, which it differs by an exon encoding nine amino acids within the extracellular domain. We have analyzed the expression pattern of both variants and found that the smaller form is ubiquitously expressed while the larger form was found at an increased level only in brain, some skeletal muscle and differentiating cells like granule neurons, adipocytes and myotubes. The phosphatase activity of both forms was similar when tested in vitro using para-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate and in a transient expression system with the substrates c-Fyn or c-Src. In a quantitative focus formation assay the capability of the larger form to activate Src-dependent focus formation in intact cells was increased more than twofold whereas the capability to dephosphorylate the insulin receptor in a BHK cell system was similar. We conclude that the two splice variants of PTPalpha are expressed differentially and regulate c-Src activity in different ways.
Efficient sequential and parallel algorithms for planted motif search (2014)

We present PMS8, an efficient exact algorithm for Planted Motif Search. PMS8 introduces novel ideas for generating common neighborhoods. We have also implemented a parallel version for this algorithm. PMS8 can solve instances not solved by any previous algorithms.
A survey of portable software (2009)

Many environments today offer walk-up computers for temporary use, such as casual computing labs available to all students at a school. A growing topic of interest is the use of software for specialized needs, which does not need to be installed on a computer but instead is provided on removable media. Using a program on more than one computer can impact licensing issues for commercial packages; open-source and freely available packages avoid these problems.

Most portable software packages are general applications such as email clients, word processors, etc. The target operating system is generally a version of Microsoft Windows®. Other packages are based on bootable media to provide an entire computing environment. This paper describes and briefly compares some approaches for accessing software from removable media.
rrecsys: An R-package for Prototyping Recommendation Algorithms. (2016)

We introduce rrecsys, an open source extension package in R for rapid prototyping and intuitive assessment of recommender system algorithms. As the only currently available R package for recommender algorithms (recommenderlab) did not include popular algorithm implementations such as matrix factorization or One-class Collaborative Filtering algorithms we developed rrecsys as an easily accessible tool that can, for instance, be employed for interactive demonstrations when teaching. This package replicates state-of-the-art Collaborative Filtering algorithms for rating and binary data and we compare results with the Java-based LensKit implementation and recommederlab for the purpose of benchmarking the implementation. Therefore this work can also be seen as a contribution in the context of replication of algorithm implementations and reproduction of evaluation results.
Brain Connectivity Plasticity in the Motor Network after Ischemic Stroke (2013)

The motor function is controlled by the motor system that comprises a series of cortical and subcortical areas interacting via anatomical connections. The motor function will be disturbed when the stroke lesion impairs either any of these areas or their connections. More and more evidence indicates that the reorganization of the motor network including both areas and their anatomical and functional connectivity might contribute to the motor recovery after stroke. Here, we review recent studies employing models of anatomical, functional, and effective connectivity on neuroimaging data to investigate how ischemic stroke influences the connectivity of motor areas and how changes in connectivity relate to impaired function and functional recovery. We suggest that connectivity changes constitute an important pathophysiological aspect of motor impairment after stroke and important mechanisms of motor recovery. We also demonstrate that therapeutic interventions may facilitate motor recovery after stroke by modulating the connectivity among the motor areas. In conclusion, connectivity analyses improved our understanding of the mechanisms of motor recovery after stroke and may help to design hypothesis-driven treatment strategies and sensitive measures for outcome prediction in stroke patients.
A Fully Symmetrical Crossover and Its Dual-Frequency Application (2012)

In this paper, a new fully symmetrical four-port microstrip crossover and its dual-frequency application are presented. The proposed single-band crossover has a simple structure and an easily controlled bandwidth; and its dual-frequency application can provide flexible frequency ratio between the two working frequencies. Moreover, analytical design equations are derived using the even-odd-mode method. The final explicit design equations are concise. To verify the design concepts, both a single-band crossover working at 1 GHz and a dual-frequency crossover working at 1/2.3 GHz are fabricated and tested. The measurement results agree well with the design theory.
Optimal routing algorithm and the diameter of the cube-connected cycles (1993)

Communication between processors is one of the most important issues in parallel and distributed systems. The authors study the communication aspects of a well known multiprocessor structure, the cube-connected cycles (CCC). Only nonoptimal routing algorithms and bounds on the diameter of restricted subclasses of the CCC have been presented in earlier work. The authors present an optimal routing algorithm for the general CCC, with a formal proof of its optimality. Based on this routing algorithm, they derive the exact network diameter for the general CCC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mobile-Based Archival and Retrieval of Missing Objects Using Image Matching (2015)

It is not uncommon to lose everyday objects outside your home. Currently, there are very few technological resources to help locate lost objects. This paper discusses a multi-platform mobile application that provides a solution to this issue. Lost and found mobile application helps people report lost and found objects through their mobile phones rather than going through the procedure of filling up forms. In addition, it has a backend server that runs an algorithm for object matching using Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) to match images of lost items with that of found items. The application has three versions: General, Elderly, and Organization. The paper presents the results obtained by implementing the proposed mobile application, as well as the accuracy and performance obtained by testing the image matching algorithm on a set of images representing lost and found objects. Collected results show the robust features of SURF algorithm, as well as its invariance to rotation, which often occurs when taking photographs by mobile phones.
Compliance of the respiratory system in newborn infants pre‐ and postsurfactant replacement therapy (1993)

Surfactant administration causes a rapid and dramatic improvement in gas exchange, but paradoxically, studies have failed to show an improvement in the mechanical properties of the lung. We have measured dynamic and static (passive flow-volume technique) compliance before and after a single dose of bovine lipid extract surfactant in 22 premature infants with RDS. This had no effect on the measured dynamic compliance. In contrast, surfactant significantly increased static compliance from 0.41 +/- 0.02 to 0.55 +/- 0.04 mL/cm H2O/kg. This improvement was the result of a substantial recruitment of lung volume after surfactant administration. This led us to reduce ventilator pressures, which produced an increase in both dynamic and static compliance, but did not recruit additional volume. We conclude that surfactant causes a substantial increase in static compliance due to volume recruitment, which is consistent with reports of increase in the measured FRC. However, despite this improvement, the compliance is still below our normal range.
Novel Photocleavable Universal Support for Oligonucleotide Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ultra-wide band, long distance WDM transmission demonstration: 1 Tb/s (50X20 Gb/s), 600 km transmission using 1550 and 1580 nm wavelength bands (1998)

High capacity transmission employing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology is very attractive to supply the multimedia services that are rapidly emerging.
Applying an Evolutionary Algorithm to Web Search: The Methodology of Evagent. (2002)

An evolutionary algorithm is introduced to find authoritative resources on the Web. The problem of Web search is considered as an optimisation problem within hyperlinked space. We aim to find information that is both relevant andrecent so as to cope with the dynamic nature of the Web. Theoretical studies have been made on problem-specific search space, fitness functions and generic operators. The search space is constructed in the direction so the optimum driven by the reproduction operator with good hubs as a clue. Fitness functions combine text-based and link-based analysis. The (u+7) evolution strategy just implements the selection scheme of elitism. The mutation operator helps to prevent search from trapping in local optimisation by introducing multiple domains. Experiments have been performed to study algorithms performance. The algorithm has been implemented as a kernel component of an intelligent Web agent Evagent.
Optical control of phased array antennas: a European perspective (2002)

A review is presented of current European work on optical feeds, ranging from systems demonstrator work on optical signal distribution networks to research studies on phased array beam formers using coherent optical techniques. The attractions of optical signal feeds for phases array antennas are becoming accepted, and it is possible to control groups of 10-200 elements from a single laser source. In Europe early application to space-based phased arrays is expected. However, the advantages of reduced mass and improved electromagnetic compatibility are also important in naval applications. Much development work on optical sources and detectors remains to be done to improve the efficiency of the optical-electrical interface. Optical beam forming is a topic of considerable current research interest, and both coherent and noncoherent techniques are likely to find system applications. In the longer term direct optical control of microwave devices would permit further reductions in array complexity provided the problems of device design to give efficient optical coupling can be overcome.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>