gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clock and Data Recovery with Adaptive Loop Gain for Spread Spectrum SerDes Applications (2005)

A novel clock and data recovery architecture with adaptive loop gain is proposed for spread spectrum SerDes (serializer/deserializer) applications such as serial AT attachment. The proposed design consists of a half-rate Alexander phase detector, a phase-shifting phase interpolator with a frequency differentiator and an adaptive loop gain filter. The frequency differentiator determines the clock rate difference between the referenced clock and the recovered clock. This value is then used to adjust the gain of the adaptive loop filter for better acquisition of lock with minimized jitter. The proposed design can be implemented in a digital CMOS process which reduces the design difficulty and cost. System operation has been verified using the Cadence SpectreRF and Verilog-A simulators. The results show that the system is capable of recovering /spl plusmn/5000 ppm spread spectrum data with up to a maximum of 0.5 UI of deterministic jitter.
Pan-cancer deconvolution of tumour composition using DNA methylation (2018)

The nature and extent of immune cell infiltration into solid tumours are key determinants of therapeutic response. Here, using a DNA methylation-based approach to tumour cell fraction deconvolution, we report the integrated analysis of tumour composition and genomics across a wide spectrum of solid cancers. Initially studying head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we identify two distinct tumour subgroups: 'immune hot' and 'immune cold', which display differing prognosis, mutation burden, cytokine signalling, cytolytic activity and oncogenic driver events. We demonstrate the existence of such tumour subgroups pan-cancer, link clonal-neoantigen burden to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltration, and show that transcriptional signatures of hot tumours are selectively engaged in immunotherapy responders. We also find that treatment-naive hot tumours are markedly enriched for known immune-resistance genomic alterations, potentially explaining the heterogeneity of immunotherapy response and prognosis seen within this group. Finally, we define a catalogue of mediators of active antitumour immunity, deriving candidate biomarkers and potential targets for precision immunotherapy.
Selection of stably folded proteins by phage‐display with proteolysis (2004)

To facilitate the process of protein design and learn the basic rules that control the structure and stability of proteins, combinatorial methods have been developed to select or screen proteins with desired properties from libraries of mutants. One such method uses phage-display and proteolysis to select stably folded proteins. This method does not rely on specific properties of proteins for selection. Therefore, in principle it can be applied to any protein. Since its first demonstration in 1998, the method has been used to create hyperthermophilic proteins, to evolve novel folded domains from a library generated by combinatorial shuffling of polypeptide segments and to convert a partially unfolded structure to a fully folded protein.
Flip-OFDM for optical wireless communications (2011)

We consider two uniploar OFDM techniques for optical wireless communications: asymmetric clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) and Flip-OFDM. Both techniques can be used to compensate multipath distortion effects in optical wireless channels. However, ACO-OFDM has been widely studied in the literature, while the performance of Flip-OFDM has never been investigated. In this paper, we conduct the performance analysis of Flip-OFDM and propose additional modification to the original scheme in order to compare the performance of both techniques. Finally, it is shown by simulation that both techniques have the same performance but different hardware complexities. In particular, for slow fading channels, Flip-OFDM offers 50% saving in hardware complexity over ACO-OFDM at the receiver.
Modeling of the oxygen transfer in the respiratory process (2012)

In this article, we propose an integrated model for oxygen transfer into the blood, coupled with a lumped mechanical model for the ventilation process. Objectives. We aim at investigating oxygen transfer into the blood at rest or exercise. The first task consists in describing nonlinear effects of the oxygen transfer under normal conditions. We also include the possible diffusion limitation in oxygen transfer observed in extreme regimes involving parameters such as alveolar and venous blood oxygen partial pressures, capillary volume, diffusing capacity of the membrane, oxygen binding by hemoglobin and transit time of the red blood cells in the capillaries. The second task consists in discussing the oxygen concentration heterogeneity along the path length in the acinus. Method. A lumped mechanical model is considered: a double-balloon model is built upon physiological properties such as resistance of the branches connecting alveoli to the outside air, and elastic properties of the surrounding medium. Then, we focus on oxygen transfer: while the classical [F.J. Roughton and R.E. Forster, J. Appl. Physiol. 11 (1957) 290–302]. approach accounts for the reaction rate with hemoglobin by means of an extra resistance between alveolar air and blood, we propose an alternate description. Under normal conditions, the Hill’s saturation curve simply quantifies the net oxygen transfer during the time that venous blood stays in the close neighborhood of alveoli (transit time). Under degraded and/or exercise conditions (impaired alveolar-capillary membrane, reduced transit time, high altitude) diffusion limitation of oxygen transfer is accounted for by means of the nonlinear equation representing the evolution of oxygen partial pressure in the plasma during the transit time. Finally, a one-dimensional model is proposed to investigate the effects of longitudinal heterogeneity of oxygen concentration in the respiratory tract during the ventilation cycle, including previous considerations on oxygen transfer. Results. This integrated approach allows us to recover the right orders of magnitudes in terms of oxygen transfer, at rest or exercise, by using well-documented data, without any parameter tuning or curve fitting procedure. The diffusing capacity of the alveolar-capillary membrane does not affect the oxygen transfer rate in the normal regime but, as it decreases (e.g. because of emphysema) below a critical value, it becomes a significant parameter. The one-dimensional model allows to investigate the screening phenomenon, i.e. the possibility that oxygen transfer might be significantly affected by the fact that the exchange area in the peripheral acinus poorly participates to oxygen transfer at rest, thereby providing a natural reserve of transfer capacity for exercise condition. We do not recover this effect: in particular we show that, at rest, although the oxygen concentration is slightly smaller in terminal alveoli, transfer mainly occurs in the acinar periphery.
Reactive power and imbalance compensation using STATCOM with dissipativity-based control (2001)

The paper studies the use of dissipativity-based control for voltage-sourced inverters (VSI) utilized as reactive power and imbalance compensators, e.g., static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The approach relies on a frequency domain modeling of system dynamics using positive sequence and negative sequence dynamic components. Following the passivity-based procedure, a family of controllers is obtained whose objective is to deal with unbalanced supply voltages, and to perform regulation of AC unbalanced currents. The proposed solution is relevant for high-power VSI inverters. The new controllers include adaptive refinements to cope with parameter uncertainties, and stability and convergence proofs are outlined in all cases. Finally, a series of simplifications and adjustments were explored to reduce the adaptive controllers to PI structures in stationary frame coordinates. The simplified controllers are in a form suitable for implementation, and establish a downward compatibility with standard industrial practice.
Improvement of Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment through Mass Transfer in a Seepage Carbon Nanotube Electrode Reactor (2009)

A seepage carbon nanotube electrode (SCNE) reactor was designed in order to facilitate contaminant mass transfer from bulk solution to the electrode surface, therefore to break the high cost bottleneck of electrochemical wastewater treatment. The innovative concept behind the reactor design is that the overall mass transfer would be significantly improved via contaminant migration through the porous carbon nanotube electrode. It was found out that the surface diffusivity D(s,i) in the external film was the controlling coefficient for electrochemical treatment, and the proposed process could improve the overall mass transfer coefficient by 116-161% compared with conventional electrochemical reactors under the same conditions. The research also showed that the current efficiency of the SCNE reactor was 340-519% higher than that of conventional reactors, and the energy consumption to mineralize the same amount of organics was only 16.5-22.3% of the conventional reactors. Also, the influences of potential, pH, and electrolyte concentration were investigated to optimize the operating parameters for the SCNE reactor. These results show that the SCNT reactor is promising because of its energy efficiency and has potential for application in wastewater treatment
Chitosan Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Analysis of Heavy Metals (2010)

The chitosan-modified screen-printed carbon electrode was used as a working electrode for the determination of selected metals: Pb, Cu, Cd and Hg. In 0.1 M HCl/KCl medium. The chlorocomplexes of these elements form ion-associates with the protonated amino group in the chitosan molecule at the electrode surface, then the resulting accumulated metals were stripped off using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The experimental conditions were optimized with respect to homemade printing ink composition, chitosan content, preconcentration time and scan rate. With 30 s preconcentration time, limit of detection values were 3.4, 5, 5 and 2 ng mL-1, for Pb, Cu, Cd and Hg, respectively. The relative standard deviation for measuring Pb2+ was 4.1 % (n = 5) using the same electrode and 7 % (n=15) with different electrodes in the same batch. The screen-printed electrodes exhibit adequate shelflife (6 months). There was no interference from Cd, Tl, Zn, Cu, Bi, Sb, Fe, Co, Au, Al, As, Pt, and Mn in Pb2+ determination while Sn showed significant interference. The developed screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with chitosan were successfully employed for the determination of Pb2+ in spiked tape water sample, holding a great promise for decentralized testing of heavy metals.
T cell receptor targeting to thymic cortical epithelial cells <i>in vivo</i> induces survival, activation and differentiation of immature thymocytes (1993)

We report that targeting of T cell receptors (TcR) to non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on thymic cortical epithelial cells by hybrid antibodies in vivo and in fetal thymic organ cultures results in phenotypic and functional differentiation of thymocytes. A single pulse with hybrid antibodies rescues immature, CD4/8 double-positive thymocytes from their programmed death in vivo, induces expression of the early activation antigen CD69 followed by TcR up-regulation, concomitant down-regulation of CD8 or CD4 and their conversion to functional mature T cells by day 3. This temporal sequence of maturation only affects small thymocytes without co-induction of blastogenesis. TcR targeting to MHC class II-positive epithelial cells predominantly induces CD4-positive T cells. This generation of CD4 single-positive T cells occurs also in MHC class II-deficient mice and thus is independent of CD4-MHC class II interactions. Moreover, in the presence of a specific deleting antigen (Mls 1a), TcR targeting results in transient activation of immature thymocytes, however, not in subsequent TcR (V beta 6) up-regulation and development of single-positive T cells. Our findings imply that TcR cross-linking to cortical epithelial cells is sufficient to confer a differentiation signal to immature thymocytes. Furthermore, this approach distinguishes two independent TcR-mediated intrathymic events: activation and subsequent deletion of the same thymocyte subset.
Adaptive weight compression for memory-efficient neural networks (2017)

Neural networks generally require significant memory capacity/bandwidth to store/access a large number of synaptic weights. This paper presents an application of JPEG image encoding to compress the weights by exploiting the spatial locality and smoothness of the weight matrix. To minimize the loss of accuracy due to JPEG encoding, we propose to adaptively control the quantization factor of the JPEG algorithm depending on the error-sensitivity (gradient) of each weight. With the adaptive compression technique, the weight blocks with higher sensitivity are compressed less for higher accuracy. The adaptive compression reduces memory requirement, which in turn results in higher performance and lower energy of neural network hardware. The simulation for inference hardware for multilayer perceptron with the MNIST dataset shows up to 42X compression with less than 1% loss of recognition accuracy, resulting in 3X higher effective memory bandwidth and ~19X lower system energy.
Targeted and controlled drug delivery using a temperature and ultra-violet responsive liposome with excellent breast cancer suppressing ability (2015)

Drug delivery systems (DDS) with favorable serum stability, high intra-tumor accumulation and tumor specific drug release are highly desired for promoting chemotherapeutic efficacy.
User see, user point (2012)

Past studies of user behavior in Web search have correlated eye-gaze and mouse cursor positions, and other lines of research have found cursor interactions to be useful in determining user intent and relevant parts of Web pages. However, cursor interactions are not all the same; different types of cursor behavior patterns exist, such as reading, hesitating, scrolling and clicking, each of which has a different meaning. We conduct a search study with 36 subjects and 32 search tasks to determine when gaze and cursor are aligned, and thus when the cursor position is a good proxy for gaze position. We study the effect of time, behavior patterns, user, and search task on the gaze-cursor alignment, findings which lead us to question the maxim that "gaze is well approximated by cursor." These lessons inform an experiment in which we predict the gaze position with better accuracy than simply using the cursor position, improving the state-of-the-art technique for approximating visual attention with the cursor. Our new technique can help make better use of large-scale cursor data in identifying how users examine Web search pages.
Effectiveness of Online Advertising A Hong Kong Case Study (2010)

The ability of the Internet to deliver and obtain information in a flexible, effective manner at relatively low costs is very attractive. However, not many research projects have focused on the effective use of the internet for advertising in Hong Kong. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Internet advertising in Hong Kong, which has the potential to increase the probability of success of a campaign. An improving success rate can strengthen the brand name, allowing a company to distinguish itself from other internet web sites in Hong Kong. The measurement of success in banner ads is an important topic among academics and practitioners.
H<sub>12</sub>Pd<sub>28</sub>(PtPMe<sub>3</sub>)(PtPPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>12</sub>(CO)<sub>27</sub>, a High-Nuclearity Pd<sub>28</sub>Pt<sub>13</sub> Cluster Containing 12 Hydrido Atoms:  A Possible Molecular Hydrogen-Storage Model for Palladium Metal (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTH12Pd28(PtPMe3)(PtPPh3)12(CO)27, a High-Nuclearity Pd28Pt13 Cluster Containing 12 Hydrido Atoms: A Possible Molecular Hydrogen-Storage Model for Palladium MetalJohn M. Bemis and Lawrence F. DahlView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of WisconsinMadison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 19, 4545–4546Publication Date (Web):May 14, 1997Publication History Received19 February 1997Published online14 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja970528chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja970528crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Crystallography,Metal clusters,Palladium,Platinum Get e-Alerts
Atherogenic and anti-atherogenic factors in the human diet (1995)

New atherosclerosis causative factors and preventive modalities have been identified. Atherogenic factors include lipid oxidation products, such as cholesterol oxidation products, malonaldehyde and other aldehydes; trans-fatty acids; some saturated fatty acids (lauric, myristic and possibly palmitic acids); and myristic acid plus cholesterol. Lipid oxidation products are well suited to induce arterial damage, based on their known cytotoxic effects; evidence also indicates the possibility of plaque promotion and stimulation of thrombogenesis. Anti-atherogenic factors include antioxidants, fish oils and other polyunsaturates (if protected from oxidation), fibre and trace minerals such as copper, manganese, selenium and zinc. Iron is unique, being considered as both a potential promoter of atherosclerosis (component of ferritin, conceivably inducing lipid oxidation) and a possible anti-atherogenic component (of antioxidant enzyme catalase). It is apparent that an entire new series of research challenges has been uncovered.
Size dependent optical band gap of ternary I-III-VI2 semiconductor nanocrystals (2009)

The size dependent optical band gap of the less-toxic ternary I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite-type semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuGaSe2, AgInSe2, AgGaS2, and AgGaSe2, were evaluated using the finite-depth-well effective mass approximation calculation. From the comparison of the calculation result with the experimental values for the CuInS2 case, it was shown that the calculation was highly valid to predict the size dependent optical gap of the ternary semiconductor QDs. The optical band gap of the above seven I-III-VI2 QDs covers a wide wavelength range from the near-infrared to ultraviolet. It has been shown that the I-III-VI2 semiconductor QDs have a significant potential as alternatives to the highly toxic cadmium-containing II-VI semiconductor QDs and they are applicable to the wide range of light emitting devices and solar cells.
Knowledge on Iodized Salt Use and Iodine Content of Salt Among Households in the Hohoe Municipality, Volta Region - Ghana (2016)

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies particularly, Iodine, Zinc, Iron and Vitamin A, continue to inflict substantial health, economic and social encumbrances globally. Ghana is among the world's population that resides in areas with high iodine deficiency. In the Volta region of Ghana, only 24.6% of households consume iodized salt, and this is far below the 90% WHO/UNICEF mandatory recommendation of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) for countries with high iodine deficiency. This study was to estimate the iodine content of household salt, and knowledge on iodized salt use in the Hohoe municipality, Volta Region, Ghana. Methods: This study was descriptive cross-sectional in design, using a multi-stage sampling technique to select respondents from all the seven sub-municipalities in the municipality. Data was collected from women in charge of household meals preparation using structured questionnaires and rapid field iodine test kits. The collected data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to Stata version 11. Descriptive statistics such as determination of proportions, frequencies, mean and standard deviation were used in describing the population. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to assess the associations between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Four hundred and fifty women with a mean age of 40.4 years (±2.1 SD) were surveyed. Respondents had quite a good knowledge (59.3%) on iodine, 41.1% knew the benefits and deficiencies of iodine, and 69.8% stored their salt in covered containers. However, only 24.2% of household salt contained adequate iodine of ≥15ppm. In addition, majority (75%) consumed local salt with little (<15ppm) or no iodine (0ppm). Also, those with secondary and tertiary education were more likely to use iodized salt (P <.001). Rural households were more likely to use iodized salt (P =.002) than the urban households. Conclusions: The results suggest that respondents’ knowledge did not necessarily translate into iodized salt use. Enforcement of existing laws and policies on universal salt iodization and quality assurance of iodized salt from the production to the distribution point should be enforced, and offenders punish to serve as a deterrent.
Characterization of dislocations in germanium substrates induced by mechanical stress (1998)

Dislocations are observed in germanium crystals (9° off axis toward the [011] direction) that have undergone plastic deformation. Optical microscopy reveals that the substrates exhibit a crosshatch pattern, consisting of ridges and trenches that extend in the [011] and [011̄] directions. Further characterization of these features with scanning tunneling microscopy shows that they consist of bands of steps. These bands are created when a group of dislocations emerge onto the crystal surface from the bulk. The dislocations are determined to be type (a/2)〈011〉.
Transition of cleaved Notch1 and gene expression changes in myeloblastic leukemia cells stimulated with notch ligands. (2009)

Notch activation by ligand stimulation regulates the growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this have not been fully elucidated.Two AML cell lines, THP-1 and TMD7, and three Notch ligands, Jagged1, Dll1 and Dll4, were used. The effects of the ligands on cell growth, cleavage of Notch1, and the expression of various genes were examined by cell culture, immunoblotting, and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively.Ligand stimulation suppressed the growth of the THP-1 cells but promoted that of the TMD7 cells. Immunoblots showed two cleaved Notch1 bands, which became intense with different peak time from the start of stimulation. Ligand stimulation changed the expression levels of various genes related to cell proliferation. Some genes changed in opposite directions in the two cell lines. The three ligands had similar effects on gene expression.The time course for Notch1 cleavage following ligand stimulation and the effects of stimulation on gene expression are shown.