gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Signal-Matching Approach To Melody Indexing And Search Using Continuous Pitch Contours And Wavelets. (2009)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Successive coefficient refinement for embedded lossless image compression (2002)

Summary form only given. We consider here a new approach to successive coefficient refinement which speeds up embedded image compression and decompression. Rather than sending the binary refinement symbol typical of existing embedded coders, our algorithm uses a ternary refinement symbol, allowing the encoder to tell the decoder when its current approximation of a given wavelet coefficient is exact. Thus, both encoder and decoder operate faster because they process fewer refinement symbols, yet the fundamental structure of the refinement process remains unchanged, i.e. it still represents a binary subdivision of the uncertainty interval. To implement a complete encoder, we combine the proposed refinement process with Shapiro's embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm. Results for lossless compression are shown. Without optimization, the speed increase is between 5 and 12%; with optimization, it is between 9 and 15%.
Conducting Polymers Confined Within Bioactive Peptide Amphiphile Nanostructures (2007)

Conducting polymers within bioactive peptide amphiphile (PA) nanostructures are synthesized (see image). The approach relies on the ability of hydrophobic volumes within self-assembled structures to partition organic molecules from aqueous environments. Electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements indicate confinement of conducting polymers within the self-assembled cylindrical PA nanostructures. PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
Analytical Performance and Clinical Utility of a Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assay for Detection of Cytomegalovirus Infection (2000)

A nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay for qualitative detection of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp67 mRNA was evaluated in a multicenter study. Negative results were obtained for all specimens from 50 CMV-seronegative and 50 CMV-seropositive low-risk whole-blood donors. No interference with CMV mRNA amplification was observed in the testing of 288 specimens containing various potential interfering substances, nonspecifically reacting substances (including mRNA from other herpesviruses), and three anticoagulants. A total of 95% (50 of 51) of CMV-positive (cell culture- and antigenemia immunofluorescence [AG-IFA]-positive) clinical specimens were positive by the NASBA assay. Results from different operators over multiple testing days were consistent for each of four panel members containing different concentrations of CMV mRNA, indicating the reproducibility of the assay. The estimated 95% reliable upper detection limit of the assay was 600 mRNA copies; the lower limit of detection was less than 25 mRNA copies. The clinical utility of the assay was evaluated with longitudinally collected specimens from solid-organ transplant patients (n = 21). A total of 98% (81 of 83) of the specimens from CMV-negative patients were negative by the NASBA assay, while 90% (10 of 11) of patient specimens that were positive by cell culture or AG-IFA were positive by the NASBA assay. Positive NASBA assay results were obtained earlier than AG-IFA or cell culture results for 55% of the patients and at the same time for the remainder of the patients (45%). The overall agreement between the NASBA assay and current reference tests was 86% when active CMV infection was present. These studies indicate that the CMV pp67 mRNA NASBA assay has reproducible and sensitive performance characteristics that should enable more rapid diagnosis of CMV infection.
Targeted capture enrichment assay for non-invasive prenatal testing of large and small size sub-chromosomal deletions and duplications (2017)

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using whole genome and targeted sequencing has become increasingly accepted for clinical detection of Trisomy 21 and sex chromosome aneuploidies. Few studies have shown that sub-chromosomal deletions or duplications associated with genetic syndromes can also be detected in the fetus noninvasively. There are still limitations on these methodologies such as the detection of variants of unknown clinical significance, high number of false positives, and difficulties to detect small aberrations. We utilized a recently developed targeted sequencing approach for the development of a NIPT assay, for large and small size deletions/duplications, which overcomes these existing limitations. Artificial pregnancies with microdeletion/microduplication syndromes were created by spiking DNA from affected samples into cell free DNA (cfDNA) from non-pregnant samples. Unaffected spiked samples and normal pregnancies were used as controls. Target Capture Sequences (TACS) for seven syndromes were designed and utilized for targeted capture enrichment followed by sequencing. Data was analyzed using a statistical pipeline to identify deletions or duplications on targeted regions. Following the assay development a proof of concept study using 33 normal pregnancies, 21 artificial affected and 17 artificial unaffected pregnancies was carried out to test the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. All 21 abnormal spiked-in samples were correctly classified as subchromosomal aneuploidies while the 33 normal pregnancies or 17 normal spiked-in samples resulted in a false positive result. We have developed an NIPT assay for the detection of sub-chromosomal deletions and duplications using the targeted capture enrichment technology. This assay demonstrates high accuracy, high read depth of the genomic region of interest, and can identify deletions/duplications as small as 0.5 Mb. NIPT of fetal microdeletion/microduplication syndromes can be of enormous benefit in the management of pregnancies at risk both for prospective parents and health care providers.
Metal nanocrystal memories-part II: electrical characteristics (2002)

This paper describes the electrical characteristics of the metal nanocrystal memory devices continued from the previous paper [see ibid., vol. 49, p. 1606-13, Sept. 2002]. Devices with Au, Ag, and Pt nanocrystals working in the F-N tunneling regime have been investigated and compared with Si nanocrystal memory devices. With hot-carrier injection such as the programming mechanism, retention time up to 10/sup 6/ s has been observed and 2-bit-per-cell storage capability has been demonstrated and analyzed. The concern of the possible metal contamination is also addressed by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characterizations. The extracted inversion layer mobility and minority carrier lifetime suggest that the substrate is free from metal contamination with continuous operations.
A DNA segment controlling metal-regulated expression of the Drosophila melanogaster metallothionein gene Mtn. (1987)

Cloned fragments of DNA including the Drosophila melanogaster metallothionein gene Mtn and different amounts of 5' flanking sequences were introduced into flies by P-element-mediated germ line transformation. Comparison of RNA levels in different transformants revealed that metal-regulated and tissue-specific expression of Mtn requires no more than 373 base pairs upstream of the initiation site of transcription. Transformants having an additional, transcribed copy of Mtn could tolerate increased concentrations of cadmium, indicating that Mtn expression is directly related to this phenotype. In separate experiments, these D. melanogaster promoter sequences were fused to the coding sequences of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene. After transfection of this fusion into baby hamster kidney cells, increases in TK activity and accumulation of TK RNA were inducible by metals. A series of 5' and 3' deletions showed that D. melanogaster sequences from -130 to -6 were sufficient to confer metal-regulated expression to the TK gene. The function of the D. melanogaster metallothionein promoter in mammalian cells indicates that the mechanism controlling metal regulation is evolutionarily conserved.
Potential for spare capacity preconnection to reducecrossconnection workloads in mesh-restorable networks (1994)

A new approach is considered for mesh-restorable networks in which distributed computation of the restoration plan may be much faster than crossconnection to implement the plan. Spare capacity is preconnected in an optimised way. On failure, a distributed restoration algorithm computes the set of spare-link crossconnections needed at each node. To the extent that useful preconnections are present at each node, real time crossconnection workloads are reduced, accelerating restoration. The authors present an upper-bound assessment of the potential for failure readiness via preconnection.
IC100: a novel anti-ASC monoclonal antibody improves functional outcomes in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (2020)

These data indicate that IC100 suppresses the immune-inflammatory response that drives EAE development and progression, thereby identifying ASC as a promising target for the treatment of MS as well as other neurological diseases with a neuroinflammatory component.
Iron–Gold Barcode Nanowires (2007)

Stripped wires: Multifunctional (magnetic and optical) iron–gold barcode nanowires were electrochemically fabricated using nanoporous templates. Structural analysis by TEM elemental line scan and mapping (see images) clearly revealed the well-separated, bamboo-like nanostructures composed of Fe and Au strips.
Decreased fat content and increased lean in pigs treated with antibodies to adipocyte plasma membranes (1993)

Antibodies were prepared in sheep against purified plasma membranes from pig adipocytes. Western (immuno) blotting revealed reactions of the antisera with a large number of proteins in adipocyte plasma membranes but remarkably few in plasma membranes from muscle, kidney, liver, lung, brain, spleen, and erythrocytes. This illustrated the high degree of specificity the serum had for adipose tissue. When injected into localized subcutaneous sites such antisera were able to cause considerable adipocyte destruction, which resulted in complete loss of adipose tissue from the site for > or = 14 wk. This cell destruction was probably mediated in part by lymphocytic infiltration. Subcutaneous injections were of limited use because of the localized nature of the effects, but, when treatment was administered intraperitoneally, systemic effects were produced that resulted in a 30% reduction in backfat thickness in the region of the last rib and a 25% reduction in fat content of fore- and hind-loin joints that resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of lean tissue. Total feed intake, live weight gain, hot carcass weights, and dressing percentage were unaffected. These results demonstrate the potential for producing long-term reductions in body fat in pigs by an immunization technique that may also provide the unexpected, potential benefit of increased lean deposition. This suggests that fat deposition per se exerts a restrictive influence on lean carcass development.
An Energy Efficient Clustering Scheme for Self-Organizing Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Wireless sensor networks are widely used for gathering data in an autonomous fashion. Since sensors are power constrained devices, it is quite important for them to minimize the energy consumption. In this paper we propose an energy efficient clustering scheme for self-organizing distributed wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme self-selects the cluster head by a novel probability function with three parameters such as the energy possession rate, individual round and number which the node itself had been selected as the cluster head. As a result, the proposed scheme can significantly reduce energy consumption and increase the lifetime of the sensor network compared with the existing schemes. Also, through the evenly distributed of cluster heads, energy consumption of the sensor nodes can be balanced. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can balance the energy consumption very well among all sensor nodes and achieves an obvious improvement on the network lifetime compared with existing schemes.
Library-aware resonant clock synthesis (LARCS) (2012)

Clock grids are often used in high-performance ASIC designs because of their low skew and robustness to variations. Resonant clock grids have the potential to reduce the power consumption of these high-performance clocks without sacrificing the skew and robustness of a clock grid. We present the first methodology to synthesize high-performance distributed resonant LC tank clock grids that utilize a pre-characterized inductor library. The use of a library reduces designer effort and total inductor area when compared with previous resonant clock grids while still attaining 59% power reduction and competitive skew when compared to traditional buffered clock grids.
Dispersion-managed fiber with low chromatic dispersion slope (2004)

A dispersion-balanced fiber exhibiting a low chromatic dispersion slope (<0.015 ps/nm/sup 2//km at 1550 nm) was obtained by longitudinally changing the radial dimension of a refractive index profile. We report theoretical and experimental results and trade-offs between effective-area and cable ability aspects.
Melatonin inhibits cholangiocyte hyperplasia in cholestatic rats by downregulation of CLOCK genes (2011)

<em>Background and aims</em>. In the experimental model of bile duct ligated (BDL) rats, the growth of large cholangiocytes is regulated by activation of cAMP-dependent signalling pathway1-2. Melatonin, which is secreted from pineal gland as well as extrapineal tissues, regulates cell proliferation by interacting with its receptors (MT1 and MT2) via the modulation of cAMP levels and the expression of the CLOCK genes3. We studied the mechanism by which melatonin regulates the growth of the biliary epithelium. <em>Methods</em>. Normal and BDL rats were treated in vivo with melatonin for 7 days before evaluating: (i) intrahepatic bile duct mass (IBDM) in liver sections by immunohistochemistry for citokeratin-19 (CK-19), a specific marker of cholangiocytes; and (ii) expression of MT1, MT2 and CLOCK genes by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR. In vitro, large cholangiocytes were stimulated with melatonin in the absence/presence of luzindole (a MT1/MT2 antagonist) and 4-P-PDOT (a specific MT2 antagonist) before assessing cellular growth by MTS proliferation assay, cAMP levels by a RIA kit and ERK1/2 phosphorylation by western blots. <em>Results</em>. Cholangiocytes express MT1, MT2 and CLOCK genes that were all upregulated following BDL. Administration of melatonin to BDL rats decreased IBDM and the expression of all CLOCK genes. In cells, melatonin decreased the proliferation, cAMP levels and the activation of ERK2, decreases that were blocked by luzindole. <em>Conclusion</em>. Supporting other studies we found that melatonin-inhibition of biliary hyperplasia is associated with downregulation of CLOCK gene expression. These findings have important clinical implications since melatonin may be an important therapeutic tool for managing cholangiocyte hyperproliferation in biliary disorders.
Variable step-size least mean square algorithms over adaptive networks (2010)

This paper presents two new variations for algorithms over adaptive networks using a variable step-size strategy in order to enhance the overall performance. Variable step-size least mean square (VSSLMS) algorithms for incremental as well as diffusion strategies are studied and the results are compared with existing results. A comparison is done with the recently proposed Diffusion LMS algorithm with adaptive combiners and it is shown that VSSLMS provides a simplified solution than that of the Diffusion LMS algorithm with adaptive combiners. Also, a great improvement in performance is obtained when compared with the fixed step-size Incremental and Diffusion LMS techniques.
Health benefits of orally administered anti-IL-10 antibody in milk-fed dairy calves (2018)

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether anti-IL-10 egg yolk antibodies fed upon arrival to a calf ranch would lower the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum shedding in naturally challenged preweaned dairy calves. The secondary objectives included measuring the effect of anti-IL-10 antibodies on calf health, performance, and shedding of less common diarrheal pathogens. A total of 133 calves, enrolled at 24 to 72 h of age, received a daily dose of 0.96 g of egg yolk powder with anti-IL-10 antibodies (MAB, n = 71) or without anti-IL-10 antibodies (MEP, n = 62) split between 2 feedings for the first 11 d on feed at a calf ranch. Daily health evaluations were completed for 15 d after arrival and on d 56. Digital weights were collected at enrollment and d 56, and hipometer weights were collected at enrollment and d 7 and 56. Packed cell volume and serum total protein concentration were measured at enrollment and on d 7 and 14. Fecal pH was measured at enrollment and on d 5 and 14, and fecal pathogen (C. parvum, coronavirus, rotavirus, and Salmonella spp.) shedding was assessed at d 5 and 14. Continuous outcomes were compared between groups using a Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Fecal pathogen shedding at d 14, respiratory disease at d 56, and antibiotic usage were compared using relative risk (RR) and chi-squared test. Fecal pH (median and interquartile range) on d 14 was 6.65 (6.39-6.99) and 6.52 (5.97-6.81) for MAB and MEP, respectively. On d 56, the risk of respiratory disease was lower for MAB compared with MEP (RR = 0.40; confidence interval = 0.16-0.99). The risk for antibiotic treatment was lower for MAB- compared with MEP-treated calves (RR = 0.38; confidence interval = 0.17-0.88). The risk of shedding rotavirus was higher in MAB (RR = 1.38; confidence interval = 1.10-1.81) calves. After multivariable analyses, hipometer weights (least squares means ± standard error) were 1.7 ± 0.8 kg greater on d 56 in MAB compared with MEP; however, ADG was 0.04 ± 0.02 kg/d lower in MAB calves. Total health score, diarrhea days, average respiratory score, packed cell volume, and serum total protein were not affected by feeding anti-IL-10 egg antibodies. In summary, feeding anti-IL-10 antibodies was associated with increased fecal pH, reduced risk of respiratory disease later in the preweaning period, and decreased antibiotic usage despite higher rotavirus infection. These findings might be associated with improved mucosal immunity, enhanced host defenses, or reduced susceptibility and warrant further investigation.
On the cost and benefit of cooperation (2015)

In cooperative communication, network nodes that would otherwise act independently instead coordinate their efforts with the aim of improving communication performance. To better understand cooperation, we consider communication over a multiple access channel using a “cooperation facilitator”, a node that receives rate-limited message descriptions from the transmitters and sends rate-limited message descriptions back. This model includes the conferencing encoders model and a prior model from the current authors as special cases. We characterize a class of multiple access channels for which there is no gain in sum-capacity under current or prior cooperation models. We then show that for all other multiple access channels, the gain in sum-capacity can be far greater than the capacity of the cooperation facilitator's output links. These channels violate the edge removal property. The Gaussian multiple access channel is an important special case for which we explicitly characterize the sum-rate cooperation gain.
Satellite image restoration filter comparison (2002)

The quality of satellite images propagating through the atmosphere is affected by phenomena such as scattering and absorption of the light, and turbulence, which degrade the image by blurring it and reducing its contrast. Here, a new approach for digital restoration of Landsat thematic mapper (TM) imagery is presented by implementing several filters as atmospheric filters which correct for turbulence blur, aerosol blur, and path radiance simultaneously. Aerosol modulation transfer function (MTF) is consistent with optical depth. Turbulence MTF is calculated from meteorological data. The product of the two yields atmospheric MTF, which is implemented in the atmospheric filters. Restoration improves both smallness of size of resolvable detail and contrast. Restorations are quite apparent even under clear weather conditions. Different restoration results are obtained by trying to restore the degraded image. Here, restorations results of the Kalman filter and the atmospheric Wiener filter are presented along with restoration results based on wavelets and multifractals. A way to determine which is the best restoration result and how good is the restored image is presented by a visual comparison and by examining several mathematical criteria.
Designer RNA-binding proteins: New tools for manipulating the transcriptome (2011)

Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is ubiquitous and fundamental for the control of cell growth, differentiation and the complex developmental programs of multicellular eukaryotes. Despite this realization, the current tools that are available to study RNAs are limited in many respects. Recently we expanded the RNA recognition code of Pumilio and FBF homology (PUF) proteins, enabling RNA-binding proteins with programmable specificities to be designed. The design of proteins that can bind any RNA sequence of interest and modulate its function will be important to elucidate the mechanisms by which gene expression is controlled at the level of RNA and may provide potential therapeutics in the future.
PROTECTIVE COATING FOR METALHYDRIDE BASED DEVICES: PTFE (Teflon) coating for hydrogen sensors (2008)

A switchable mirror device comprising active layer (4) wherein said active layer changes its optical properties by ~ adding/removal of hydrogen and comprises a Mg-transition metal layer, or an Y or rare earth based layer said active layer being 0 provided on one side with a further protective layer (3) comprising a hydrogen and oxygen permeable and water impermeable layer, > characterized in that said layer is liquid water impermeable and water vapor permeable and has hydrophobic surface properties. A ~ pd catalyst layer (5) may be disposed between the active layer (4) and the protective layer (3).
Isolation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Minor Cannabinoids from High-Potency<i>Cannabis sativa</i> (2015)

Seven new naturally occurring hydroxylated cannabinoids (1-7), along with the known cannabiripsol (8), have been isolated from the aerial parts of high-potency Cannabis sativa. The structures of the new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, GC-MS, and HRESIMS as 8α-hydroxy-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (1), 8β-hydroxy-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (2), 10α-hydroxy-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (3), 10β-hydroxy-Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (4), 10α-hydroxy-Δ(9,11)-hexahydrocannabinol (5), 9β,10β-epoxyhexahydrocannabinol (6), and 11-acetoxy-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (7). The binding affinity of isolated compounds 1-8, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and Δ(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol toward CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as their behavioral effects in a mouse tetrad assay were studied. The results indicated that compound 3, with the highest affinity to the CB1 receptors, exerted the most potent cannabimimetic-like actions in the tetrad assay, while compound 4 showed partial cannabimimetic actions. Compound 2, on the other hand, displayed a dose-dependent hypolocomotive effect only.
Annotation-directed run-time specialization in C (1997)

We present the design of a dynamic compilation system for C.