gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in ionization efficiency of direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) by corona discharge (2016)

Herein it is shown that a combination of direct analysis in real time (DART) with a corona discharge system consisting of only a needle electrode easily improves DART ionization efficiency. Positive and negative DC corona discharges led to a formation of abundant excited helium atoms as well as the reactant ions H3O(+)(H2O)n and O2˙(-) in the DART analyte ionization area. These phenomena resulted in an increase in the absolute intensities of (de)protonated analytes by a factor of 2-20 over conventional DART. The other analyte ions detected in this corona-DART system (i.e., molecular ions, fragment ions, oxygenated (de)protonated analytes, dehydrogenated deprotonated analytes, and negative ion adducts) were quite similar to those obtained from DART alone. This indicates a lack of side reactions due to the corona discharge. The change in the relative intensities of individual analyte-related ions due to the combination of a corona discharge system with DART suggests that there is no effect of the abundant excited helium in the analyte ionization area on the fragmentation processes or enhancement of oxidation due to hydroxyl radicals HO˙. Furthermore, it was found that the corona-DART combination can be applied to the highly sensitive analysis of n-alkanes, in which the alkanes are ionized as positive ions via hydride abstraction and oxidation, independent of the type of alkane or the mass spectrometer used.
Fast neutron resonance radiography for security applications (2001)

Fast Neutron Resonance Radiography (NRR) has been suggested to detect explosives and drugs in passenger suitcases. In the NRR method, the 2-D elemental mapping of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the sum of other elements are calculated using fast neutron radiographic images taken at different neutron energies chosen to cover the resonance features of one or more elements. A radiographic image provides the 2-D mapping of the sum of elemental contents (weighted by the attenuation coefficients) and images taken at different neutron energies form a set of linear equations which can be solved for the mapping of individual elemental content. Explosives and drugs can be identified by their characteristic elemental composition. Different energy (2-6 MeV) neutrons can be obtained at different angles from a DD neutron source. A fixed-energy RFQ with a thick target can be used as the neutron source in NRR. Simulation results are presented in the paper.
Solid‐State Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (2003)

The development of all solid‐state rechargeable magnesium battery systems is reported, with components that are environmentally friendly and relatively simple in their structure and preparation. As anodes, magnesium alloys containing Zn and Al are used, and the cathode is the chevrel phase, Mo 6 S 8 , which can insert two magnesium atoms per unit (Mg 2 Mo 6 S 8 , 122 mA h g –1 ). The solid electrolyte is a gel comprising polyvinylidene difluoride, Mg(AlCl 2 EtBt) 2 complex salt, and tetraglyme as a plasticizer. These batteries are found to function well in a temperature range of 0–80 °C with a voltage range of 1.3–0.8V.
A low X‐ray background low temperature specimen stage for biological microanalysis in the TEM† (1982)

The side entry specimen stage described in this paper is a development of a specimen stage for use at room temperature in the JEOL JEM 100 and 200 series transmission electron microscopes. The earlier specimen stage was designed to ensure that the extraneous instrumental contribution to thin specimen X-ray spectra is both small and quantifiable. As well as having a low X-ray background the new stage will also maintain the specimen at temperatures sufficiently low (down to 100 K) to minimize the loss of organic material due to electron irradiation. A new anticontaminator which provides a clean low temperature environment for the specimen stage is also described.
Yb-Doped Photonic Bandgap Fiber Lasers with Record Core Diameter (2014)

We have demonstrated ytterbium-doped fiber lasers in 50µm-core photonic bandgap fibers with robust single mode output, a record core diameter for active photonic bandgap fibers, with slope efficiency exceeding 70%.
Rough sea surface implications on receiver deghosting (2017)

Efficient removal of ghost events is the key to achieving broadband seismic data. On the receiver-side, accurate ghost removal can be performed when both pressure and vertical particle velocity information is available. However, deghosting pressure-only measurements by spectral division with a flat sea surface or a statistical ghost function is still commonly applied. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of wavefield separation and deghosting with a flat sea surface (or statistical) ghost function for a rough weather marine seismic data acquisition. The behaviour of the pressure ghost function under rough sea conditions is analysed in comparison to the flat and the statistical pressure ghost functions. The three pressure ghost functions (i.e., true, flat, and statistical) converge to the same amplitude and phase values for the lower frequencies, but they diverge from each other for higher frequencies. The error created by wavefield separation and deghosting by spectral division is quantified, using synthetic and real seismic data. Wavefield separation provides deterministic and full receiver-side deghosted up-going wavefields, while both flat and statistical deghosting methods result in significant errors with implications in pre- and post-stack evaluation.
Image deblurring for less intrusive iris capture (2009)

For most iris capturing scenarios, captured iris images could easily blur when the user is out of the depth of field (DOF) of the camera, or when he or she is moving. The common solution is to let the user try the capturing process again as the quality of these blurred iris images is not good enough for recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel iris deblurring algorithm that can be used to improve the robustness and nonintrusiveness for iris capture. Unlike other iris deblurring algorithms, the key feature of our algorithm is that we use the domain knowledge inherent in iris images and iris capture settings to improve the performance, which could be in the form of iris image statistics, characteristics of pupils or highlights, or even depth information from the iris capturing system itself. Our experiments on both synthetic and real data demonstrate that our deblurring algorithm can significantly restore blurred iris patterns and therefore improve the robustness of iris capture.
A Soft Switching Three-phase Current-fed Bidirectional DC-DC Converter With High Efficiency Over a Wide Input Voltage Range (2011)

In this paper, a three-phase current-fed dual-active-bridge (DAB) bidirectional DC-DC converter is presented. Compared to the voltage source DAB converter, the proposed converter allows low RMS current and maintains zero voltage switching (ZVS) in the whole operating range by keeping the ratio between primary side and secondary side DC-link voltage constant, leading to high efficient energy conversion over a wide input voltage range. In addition, the ZVS conditions can be maintained using small DC inductors and the input current ripple still remains small because of high DC inductor current ripples being alleviated by three-phase interleaving structure. Furthermore, the proposed topology with Y-Y connected transformers is proven to have better current sharing capability compared with other three-phase topologies with different transformer connections. The operation mode analysis, soft switching conditions, and hardware design guidelines are derived in this paper. A 6-kW hardware prototype with input voltage range of 24~48 V and rated 288 V output voltage is developed and tested in the laboratory. The experimental results verified that the proposed converter could maintain high efficiency over a wide input voltage and power range.
An Adversarial Learning Framework For A Persona-Based Multi-Turn\n Dialogue Model (2019)

In this paper, we extend the persona-based sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq)\nneural network conversation model to a multi-turn dialogue scenario by\nmodifying the state-of-the-art hredGAN architecture to simultaneously capture\nutterance attributes such as speaker identity, dialogue topic, speaker\nsentiments and so on. The proposed system, phredGAN has a persona-based HRED\ngenerator (PHRED) and a conditional discriminator. We also explore two\napproaches to accomplish the conditional discriminator: (1) phredGAN_a, a\nsystem that passes the attribute representation as an additional input into a\ntraditional adversarial discriminator, and (2) phredGAN_d, a dual discriminator\nsystem which in addition to the adversarial discriminator, collaboratively\npredicts the attribute(s) that generated the input utterance. To demonstrate\nthe superior performance of phredGAN over the persona Seq2Seq model, we\nexperiment with two conversational datasets, the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus (UDC)\nand TV series transcripts from the Big Bang Theory and Friends. Performance\ncomparison is made with respect to a variety of quantitative measures as well\nas crowd-sourced human evaluation. We also explore the trade-offs from using\neither variant of phredGAN on datasets with many but weak attribute modalities\n(such as with Big Bang Theory and Friends) and ones with few but strong\nattribute modalities (customer-agent interactions in Ubuntu dataset).\n
Organic Thin‐Film Transistors: Vibration‐Assisted Crystallization Improves Organic/Dielectric Interface in Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (Adv. Mater. 48/2013) (2013)

O. D. Jurchescu and co-workers demonstrate an improved performance in solution-deposited organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) on page 6956 through the use of a simple vibration-assisted crystallization. The performance of these OTFTs is comparable with that of singlecrystal transistors of the same material, and similar to that of the best recorded values for solution-processable organic semiconductors. It is easily scalable to large areas. The simplicity of this approach makes it easily transferable to other material systems and to the fabrication of other organic devices, such as organic photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and sensors.
Crystal Structure of the E2 Transactivation Domain of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Bound to a Protein Interaction Inhibitor (2004)

Interaction between the E2 protein and E1 helicase of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is essential for the initiation of viral DNA replication. We recently described a series of small molecules that bind to the N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of HPV type 11 E2 and inhibits its interaction with E1 in vitro and in cellular assays. Here we report the crystal structures of both the HPV11 TAD and of a complex between this domain and an inhibitor, at 2.5- and 2.4-A resolution, respectively. The HPV11 TAD structure is very similar to that of the analogous domain of HPV16. Inhibitor binding caused no significant alteration of the protein backbone, but movements of several amino acid side chains at the binding site, in particular those of Tyr-19, His-32, Leu-94, and Glu-100, resulted in the formation of a deep hydrophobic pocket that accommodates the indandione moiety of the inhibitor. Mutational analysis provides functional evidence for specific interactions between Tyr-19 and E1 and between His-32 and the inhibitor. A second inhibitor molecule is also present at the binding pocket. Although evidence is presented that this second molecule makes only weak interactions with the protein and is likely an artifact of crystallization, its presence defines additional regions of the binding pocket that could be exploited to design more potent inhibitors.
Formal Synthesis of (+)-Discodermolide (2003)

[structure: see text] Herein we report the formal total synthesis of (+)-discodermolide in 21 steps (longest linear sequence) from commercially available Roche ester. This synthesis features the assembly of C(9-18) and C(19-24) fragments via a metal-chelated aldol coupling reaction.
Efficient Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on GPUs Using the CSR Storage Format (2014)

The performance of sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is important to computational scientists. Compressed sparse row (CSR) is the most frequently used format to store sparse matrices. However, CSR-based SpMV on graphics processing units (GPUs) has poor performance due to irregular memory access patterns, load imbalance, and reduced parallelism. This has led researchers to propose new storage formats. Unfortunately, dynamically transforming CSR into these formats has significant runtime and storage overheads. We propose a novel algorithm, CSR-Adaptive, which keeps the CSR format intact and maps well to GPUs. Our implementation addresses the aforementioned challenges by (i) efficiently accessing DRAM by streaming data into the local scratchpad memory and (ii) dynamically assigning different numbers of rows to each parallel GPU compute unit. CSR-Adaptive achieves an average speedup of 14.7× over existing CSR-based algorithms and 2.3× over clSpMV cocktail, which uses an assortment of matrix formats.
Management of Waldenström macroglobulinemia in 2020 (2020)

The management of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) has evolved tremendously with recent genomic discoveries that correlate with clinical presentation and could help to tailor treatment approaches. The current diagnosis of WM requires clinicopathological criteria, including bone marrow involvement by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma cells, a serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal paraprotein, and presence of the MYD88 L265P mutation. Once the diagnosis is established, the relationship between the patient's symptoms and WM should be carefully investigated, because therapy should be reserved for symptomatic patients. Bone marrow involvement and serum levels of IgM, albumin, and β2-microglobulin can be used to estimate the time until treatment initiation. The treatment of WM patients should be highly personalized, and the patient's clinical presentation, comorbidities, genomic profile, and preferences, as well as toxicity of the treatment regimens, should be taken into account. Alkylating agents (bendamustine, cyclophosphamide), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, ixazomib), anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, ofatumumab), and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib) are safe and highly effective treatment options in patients with WM. Because novel covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors (tirabrutinib, vecabrutinib, LOXO-305, ARQ-531), BCL2 antagonists (venetoclax), and CXCR4-targeting agents (ulocuplumab, mavorixafor) are undergoing clinical development in WM, the future of WM therapy certainly appears bright and hopeful.
Towards F1 Hybrid Seed Potato Breeding (2011)

Compared to other major food crops, progress in potato yield as the result of breeding efforts is very slow. Genetic gains cannot be fixed in potato due to obligatory out-breeding. Overcoming inbreeding depression using diploid self-compatible clones should enable to replace the current method of out-breeding and clonal propagation into an F1 hybrid system with true seeds. This idea is not new, but has long been considered unrealistic. Severe inbreeding depression and self-incompatibility in diploid germplasm have hitherto blocked the development of inbred lines. Back-crossing with a homozygous progenitor with the Sli gene which inhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility gave self-compatible offspring from elite material from our diploid breeding programme. We demonstrate that homozygous fixation of donor alleles is possible, with simultaneous improvement of tuber shape and tuber size grading of the recipient inbred line. These results provide proof of principle for F1 hybrid potato breeding. The technical and economic perspectives are unprecedented as these will enable the development of new products with combinations of useful traits for all stakeholders in the potato chain. In addition, the hybrid’s seeds are produced by crossings, rendering the production and voluminous transport of potato seed tubers redundant as it can be replaced by direct sowing or the use of healthy mini-tubers, raised in greenhouses.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDY OF ANTHRAQUINONES: 1,4‐DIHYDROXY‐5,8‐BIS((2‐(2‐HYDROXYETHOXY)ETHYL)AMINO)‐9,10‐ANTHRACENEDIONE, AN ANALOG OF AN ESTABLISHED ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT (1982)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des Tetrahydroxy‐dihydro‐anthrachinons (I) mit Aminoethoxyethanol (II) und anschließende Oxidation mit Luftsauerstoff erhäIt man das Anthrachinonderivat ‐( III), das keine antineoplastische Wirkung zeigt.
Mutation profile of JAK2 gene in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasias (2008)

B12 The V617F activating mutations in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene occur in a significant proportion of patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasias (MPNs). Additional mutations in exon 12 of JAK2 have been reported in rare cases of MPNs. Mutations other than these, however, have not been fully studied. It is believed that these mutations allow the activation loop of the kinase domain to move away from the pseudokinase domain, thus leading to constitutive activation of the JAK2-STAT pathway. We report that based on testing approximately 20,000 patients with clinical suspicion of MPNs, we detected new mutations in exons 13 and 14, in addition to those reported in exon 12, that in aggregate should be routinely tested for in patients with MPNs. Using a sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing approaches of plasma RNA, we detected mutations in approximately 20% of these patients. The exon 14 mutations include complete deletion of exon 14 (D596-N622 del), L624P, I641V, H606Q, and C618R. In exon 13, we detected R564L, R564Q, V567A, V567L, G571R, G571S, L579F, H587N and S591L. All these mutations are in the pseudokinase domain and are expected to inactivate the auto-inhibitory function of this domain on the kinase domain. This data suggests that testing for JAK2 mutations should not be restricted to the V617F and exon 12 mutations, but perhaps should include most of the pseudokinase domain. Furthermore, testing for mutations using plasma RNA is highly sensitive and should replace DNA-based testing because of the relative abundance of the RNA and the ease in detecting deletion of the entire exon.
Event-aided Direct Sparse Odometry (2022)

We introduce EDS, a direct monocular visual odometry using events and frames. Our algorithm leverages the event generation model to track the camera motion in the blind time between frames. The method formulates a direct probabilistic approach of observed brightness increments. Per-pixel brightness increments are predicted using a sparse number of selected 3D points and are compared to the events via the brightness increment error to estimate camera motion. The method recovers a semi-dense 3D map using photometric bundle adjustment. EDS is the first method to perform 6-DOF VO using events and frames with a direct approach. By design it overcomes the problem of changing appearance in indirect methods. Our results outperform all previous event-based odometry solutions. We also show that, for a target error performance, EDS can work at lower frame rates than state-of-the-art frame-based VO solutions. This opens the door to low-power motion-tracking applications where frames are sparingly triggered “on demand” and our method tracks the motion in between. We release code and datasets to the public.
354: A Transobturator Approach for a Sling to Treat Male Urinary Incontinence (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 21, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 2006354: A Transobturator Approach for a Sling to Treat Male Urinary Incontinence Peter Rehder, Jasmin Bektic, Georg Bartsch, and Christian Gozzi Peter RehderPeter Rehder More articles by this author , Jasmin BekticJasmin Bektic More articles by this author , Georg BartschGeorg Bartsch More articles by this author , and Christian GozziChristian Gozzi More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32610-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "354: A Transobturator Approach for a Sling to Treat Male Urinary Incontinence." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 116 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 116 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Peter Rehder More articles by this author Jasmin Bektic More articles by this author Georg Bartsch More articles by this author Christian Gozzi More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Two Birds with One Network: Unifying Failure Event Prediction and Time-to-failure Modeling (2018)

One of the key challenges in predictive maintenance is to predict the impending downtime of an equipment with a reasonable prediction horizon so that countermeasures can be put in place. Classically, this problem has been posed in two different ways which are typically solved independently: (1) Remaining useful life (RUL) estimation as a long-term prediction task to estimate how much time is left in the useful life of the equipment and (2) Failure prediction (FP) as a short-term prediction task to assess the probability of a failure within a pre-specified time window. As these two tasks are related, performing them separately is sub-optimal and might results in inconsistent predictions for the same equipment. In order to alleviate these issues, we propose two methods: Deep Weibull model (DW-RNN) and multi-task learning (MTL-RNN). DW-RNN is able to learn the underlying failure dynamics by fitting Weibull distribution parameters using a deep neural network, learned with a survival likelihood, without training directly on each task. While DW-RNN makes an explicit assumption on the data distribution, MTL-RNN exploits the implicit relationship between the long-term RUL and short-term FP tasks to learn the underlying distribution. Additionally, both our methods can leverage the non-failed equipment data for RUL estimation. We demonstrate that our methods consistently outperform baseline RUL methods that can be used for FP while producing consistent results for RUL and FP. We also show that our methods perform at par with baselines trained on the objectives optimized for either of the two tasks.
Formation of Trehalose and Its 2-Deoxy Analogs through Condensation by a Trehalase from<i>Lobosphaera</i>sp. (1994)

A purified trehalase from Lobosphaera sp. catalyzed the condensation not only of d-glucose but also of 2-deoxy-d-glucose, yielding α,α′-trehalose and 2,2′-dideoxy-α,α′-trehalose, respectively. Simultaneous incubation of d-glucose and 2-deoxy-d-glucose resulted in the formation of 2-deoxy-α, α′-trehalose in addition to the above disaccharides. The reaction under various conditions showed that the enzyme synthesized dideoxy-trehalose (yield, 16%) more than trehalose (5%). Monodeoxy-trehalose was produced most effectively in the reaction of d-glucose and 2-deoxy- d-glucose in a weight ratio of 2:5, and at this ratio, 6% of the total weight of two substrates was converted to the product.