gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new chemical series active against African trypanosomes: benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts (1979)

Antitrypanosomal activity for benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts is reported for the first time. Testing was conducted using Trypanosoma rhodesiense infected mice. Of 70 phosphorus-containing compounds tested, 21 were active. Sixteen of these active chemical species were benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts. Four were nonbenzyl triphenyl compounds. The remaining active drug was a benzyldiphenylphosphonium salt.
Supravalvular aortic stenosis cosegregates with a familial 6;7 translocation which disrupts the elastin gene (1993)

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormalities of development of the great vessels. SVAS is also commonly part of Williams syndrome. Linkage to the elastin gene on chromosome 7q11 has recently been reported in two kindreds with SVAS. Previous reports of patients with 7q11 deletions have noted great vessel abnormalities in some. We report on a family in which SVAS is cosegregating with a balanced reciprocal translocation, t(6:7) (p21.1;q11.23), providing further evidence that SVAS is the result of a mutation of elastin at 7q11.23 region. The propositus of the translocation family has some minor anomalies which occur in Williams syndrome, suggesting that elastin abnormalities may cause some of the abnormalities found in Williams syndrome.
LADS: large-scale automated DDOS detection system (2006)

Many Denial of Service attacks use brute-force bandwidth flooding of intended victims. Such volume-based attacks aggregate at a target&apos;s access router, suggesting that (i) detection and mitigation are best done by providers in their networks; and (ii) attacks are most readily detectable at access routers, where their impact is strongest. In-network detection presents a tension between scalability and accuracy. Specifically, accuracy of detection dictates fine grained traffic monitoring, but performing such monitoring for the tens or hundreds of thousands of access interfaces in a large provider network presents serious scalability issues. We investigate the design space for in-network DDoS detection and propose a triggered, multi-stage approach that addresses both scalability and accuracy. Our contribution is the design and implementation of LADS (Large-scale Automated DDoS detection System). The attractiveness of this system lies in the fact that it makes use of data that is readily available to an ISP, namely, SNMP and Netflow feeds from routers, without dependence on proprietary hardware solutions. We report our experiences using LADS to detect DDoS attacks in a tier-1 ISP.
Nanosecond-scale Mach-Zehnder-based CMOS Photonic Switch Fabrics (2016)

We describe Mach-Zehnder-based silicon photonic switch fabrics monolithically integrated with a digital CMOS logic and driver circuitry. We review 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder switches, 2 × 2 nested Mach-Zehnder switches, and strictly nonblocking 4 × 4 switch fabrics with nanosecond-scale, low-power, low-crosstalk, and low-insertion-loss performances. We also demonstrate fast dynamic reconfigurability on an 8 × 8 butterfly switch fabric. Technical challenges and future research directions of silicon photonic scaled switching systems are also discussed.
Quantitative OCT image correction using Fermat's principle and mapping arrays (2002)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new developed technique to image tissue microstructure in vivo with a resolution of about 10 micrometers . So far, the research has focused on increasing the resolution, increasing the acquisition rate, developing new sample arm scanning techniques, or functional imaging like color Doppler OCT. But one of the main advantages of OCT compared to ultrasound, non-contact imaging, also results in a mayor image distortion: refraction at the air-tissue interface. Also, applied scanning configurations can lead to deformed images. Both errors prevent accurate distance and angle measurements on OCT images, necessary e.g. for Glaucoma diagnosis in the anterior segment of the eye. We describe a methodology for quantitative image correction in OCT which includes procedures for correction of arbitrary spatial warping caused by non-uniform axial reference and lateral sample scan patterns, as well as a novel approach for refraction correction in layered media based on Fermat's principle. The de-warping corrections are implemented in real-time by use of pointer (mapping) arrays, while the refraction correction algorithm is more computationally intensive and is performed off-line.
Pulsed inductive thruster performance data base for megawatt-class engine applications (1993)

The pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is an electrodeless plasma accelerator employing a large (1m diameter) spiral coil energized by a capacitor bank discharge. The bank can be repetitively recharged by a nuclear electric generator for continuous MW level operation. The coil can be designed as a transformer that permits thruster operation at the generator voltage, which results in a low thruster specific mass. Specific impulse (Isp) can be readily altered by changing the propellant valve plenum pressure. Performance curves generated from mesausred impulse, injected mass and capacitor bank energy are presented for argon, ammonia, hydrazine, carbon dioxide and helium. The highest performance measured to date is 48% efficiency at 4000 seconds Isp with ammonia. The development of a theoretical model of the thruster, which assumes a fully ionized plasma, is presented in an appendix.
VCAE: A Virtualization and Consolidation Analysis Engine for Large Scale Data Centers (2010)

Server consolidation through virtualization is becoming an effective way to save power and space in enterprise data centers. However, it also brings additional operational risks for the consolidated system because the impacts of hardware failures, human errors, and security breaches can be vastly magnified in that densely packed environment. In order to mitigate the above issues, this paper proposes a new virtualization and consolidation analysis engine(VCAE), which exploits and utilizes various constraints in the consolidation process. VCAE provides a comprehensive framework to discover, represent, check, and combine various constraints in server consolidation. It can assist system operators to effectively deal with the large number of constraints in the consolidation planning. In addition, VCAE proposes an evolution based method to discover the optimal consolidation scheme under multiple constraints. As a consequence, the consolidation solution generated by VCAE can not only maximize the utilization of system resources but also keep the hidden risks as low as possible in the consolidated system. The experimental results from an real enterprise system have demonstrated the advantages of our analysis engine.
Single Twist Nematic Mode Single Cell Gap Transflective Liquid Crystal Display (2009)

A new design of single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using 75° twist nematic mode has been proposed. The same cell gap as well as the same LC mode is applied to both the transmissive part and the reflective part, therefore the fabrication process is much simplified. The electro-optical characteristics in the transmissive part and reflective part are matched. This single TN transflective configuration exhibits high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response and high transmittance/reflectance, thus it is suitable for transflective thin film transistor (TFT) LCDs.
High-extraction-efficiency, nanosecond bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses (2019)

The output performances of a bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses are demonstrated. Compared to the extraction efficiency of 32% for single-pulse injection, the extraction efficiency of stored energy for twin-pulse injection with bidirectional propagation is increased to 60%. The maximum output energies of the twin pulses are 347 mJ and 351 mJ, and the output energy of a single pulse is only 373 mJ under the same amplifier operating conditions. The experimental results show that the bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses can achieve a higher extraction efficiency of stored energy at a lower operating fluence, and has potential applications in high-power and high-energy laser facilities.
Trusted Detection of Sensitive Activities on Mobile Phones Using Power Consumption Measurements (2014)

The unprecedented popularity of modern mobile phones has made them a lucrative target for skillful and motivated offenders. A typical mobile phone is packed with sensors, which can be turned on silently by a malicious program, providing invaluable information to the attacker. Detecting such hidden activities through software monitors can be blindfolded and bypassed by rootkits and by anti-forensic methods applied by the malicious program. Moreover, detecting power consumption by software running on the mobile phone is susceptible to similar evasive techniques. Consequently, software based detection of hidden malicious activities, particularly the silent activation of sensors, cannot be considered as trusted. In this paper we present a method which detects hidden activities using external measurement of power consumption. The classification model is acquired using machine-learning multi-label classification algorithms. Our method overcomes the inherent weaknesses of software-based monitors, and provides a trusted solution. We describe the measurement setup, and provide detailed evaluation results of the algorithms used. The results obtained so far support the feasibility of our method.
A Novel Iron-Chelating Derivative of the Neuroprotective Peptide NAPVSIPQ Shows Superior Antioxidant and Antineurodegenerative Capabilities (2007)

Affecting an estimated 5% of adults over 65 years of age, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress induced by the breakdown of iron homeostasis is a major contributor to the neuronal loss observed in neurodegeneration. Thus, brain-permeable iron chelators may present potential therapeutic benefits. In the present study, iron-chelating hydroxamate groups were introduced into the NAP (NAPVSIPQ) peptide, whose neuroprotective qualities have been widely demonstrated. Our experiments revealed that the novel dihydroxamate peptide 3 is capable of inhibiting iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation and lipid peroxidation, abilities that are not part of the repertoire of its parent peptide. In addition, peptide 3 was superior to native NAP in protecting human neuroblastoma cell cultures against the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that NAP-based iron chelators deserve further investigation in the search for drug candidates for neurodegeneration.
Multi-attribute Procurement Auctions and Negotiations (2014)

Successful procurement involves vendor selection through appropriate market mechanisms. The advancement of information technologies has enabled different mechanisms applicable to similar procurement situations. Advantages and disadvantages of using such mechanisms remain unclear. The present study compares multi-attribute auctions and multi-bilateral negotiations in e-procurement. It carries out online experiments to examine and compare the effects of these mechanisms on the process and outcomes. The results show that auctions are more efficient than negotiations in terms of the process, while the two mechanisms outperform each other on the outcomes. Auctions outperform negotiations in the buyer's gains with the sacrifice of the supplier's profit. The buyer and supplier reach more optimal but less efficient contracts in auctions than in negotiations, and the contracts are more balanced in negotiations than in auctions. The findings provide implications for practice and future research in selection and use of these mechanisms.
Role of predisposition, injury, response and organ failure in the prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a prospective cohort study (2012)

The results of this prospective study shows that the occurrence of OF alters the natural history of cirrhosis. A classification based on the PIRO concept may allow categorization of patients into distinct pathophysiologic and prognostic groups and allow a multidimensional definition of ACLF.
Analysis of doubly rotated Lam�-mode piezoelectric resonators by the energy method (1997)

The frequency constant and frequency temperature characteristics of doubly rotated (x and y′ axes) Lamé-mode piezoelectric resonators made with quartz and α-AIPO4 of trigonal crystals are discussed. The electrical characteristics of quartz crystal resonators are also discussed. A frequency equation is derived first from the (S, E)-type e-form piezoelectric equations via the energy method. Then, the frequency constant and the first- and second- order temperature coefficients α and β are derived as a function of cut angle ϕ (θ = 45°). For both quartz and α-AIPO4 resonators there exist two cut angles ϕ where α = 0. The two quartz cuts are designated LQ1T (ϕ = 36°) cut and LQ2T (ϕ = 130°) cut. Furthermore, two cut angles ϕ exist for quartz crystal resonators where β=0. The calculated values of α and β for the quartz crystal resonators show good agreement with measured values. However, no cut angle ϕ exist for α-AIPO4 resonators where β=0. Next, assuming partial electrodes and higher mode harmonies, motional inductance L1 and motional capacitance C1 are calculated via the (S, E) type e-form equations. Finally, the capacitance ratio is calculated and the results are compared with those for fundamental quartz crystal resonators. The calculated capacitance ratios are small and show good agreement with measured values. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(4): 21–29, 1997
Online word-spotting in continuous speech with recurrent neural networks (2014)

In this paper we introduce a simplified architecture for gated recurrent neural networks that can be used in single-pass applications, where word-spotting needs to be done in real-time and phoneme-level information is not available for training. The network operates as a self-contained block in a strictly forward-pass configuration to directly generate keyword labels. We call these simple networks causal networks, where the current output is only weighted by the the past inputs and outputs. Since the basic network has a simpler architecture as compared to traditional memory networks used in keyword spotting, it also requires less data to train. Experiments on a standard speech database highlight the behavior and efficacy of such networks. Comparisons with a standard HMM-based keyword spotter show that these networks, while simple, are still more accurate.
Erythropoietin, a novel repurposed drug: An innovative treatment for wound healing in patients with diabetes mellitus (2013)

Developing a new drug is expensive: the cost of going from bench to bedside is about $US1 billion. Therefore, the repurposing of an approved drug is potentially rewarding because it expands the drug's existing therapeutic profile and preempts additional development costs. As the safety profile of a repurposed drug is already well known, any new investigations could then focus on its efficacy and other therapeutic benefits. Recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) is a potential candidate for repurposing because the results of numerous studies have shown that systemic and topical EPO is therapeutically beneficial when it is administered to healthy and diabetic animals with acute and chronic skin wounds and burns. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of EPO's actions have been elucidated: EPO acts on those nonhematopoietic cells which are involved in the innate immune response where it promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation, exerts its cytoprotective actions, and inhibits apoptosis. In this review, the mechanism of EPO's action in skin wound healing is reviewed, and its potential for treating acute and chronic skin wounds and stimulating tissue regeneration in diabetic patients is discussed.
Path delay fault simulation algorithms for sequential circuits (2003)

The authors present a differential algorithm for concurrent simulation of path delay faults in sequential circuits. The simulator determines all three conditions, namely, initialization, signal transition propagation through the path, and fault effect observation at a primary output, by analyzing vector-pairs and the hazard states occurring between vectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable View Imaging System: An Optomechatronic System for the Observation of Micro Objects with Variable View Direction (2009)

Insufficient vision information of conventional vision systems hinders the applications of vision-based microassembly and micromanipulation. In this article, an optomechatronic system with a variable view position and orientation is proposed to solve this problem, which is particularly suitable for observing three-dimensional micro objects in micromanipulation and microassembly. The integration of double wedge prisms and scanning mirrors gives a flexible view in a compact manner. In order to correct the variable aberrations induced by the wedge prisms and scanning mirror, a micromachined membrane deformable mirror (MMDM) is integrated in the system. Additionally, an optomechatronic design process for the proposed system is introduced. The view position and angle are analyzed by a ray tracing method. The proposed algorithm for MMDM can correct the aberrations in each Zernike mode without using a wavefront sensor instead of controlling each actuator. A series of experiments is conducted to investigate the validity of the prototype system.
High-temperature, high-pressure optical cells (1983)

A strong, optically flat cell of fused silica has been developed which has routinely withstood internal pressures in excess of 60 atm at 900 °C. Construction details are presented.
Structuring documents according to their table of contents (2005)

In this paper, we present a method for structuring a document according to the information present in its Table of Contents. The detection of the ToC as well as the determination of the parts it refers to in the document body rely on a series of generic properties characterizing any ToC, while its hierarchization is achieved using clustering techniques. We also report on the robustness and performance of the method before discussing it, in light of related work.
MicroRNA expression profiles as biomarkers of minor salivary gland inflammation and dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome (2011)

Distinct microRNA expression patterns are associated with salivary gland inflammation and dysfunction in patients with SS, and microRNA represent a novel group of potential biomarkers.
Two-step methane conversion process. [Higher hydrocarbons] (1986)

This patent describes a process for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products. This process consists of: (a) contacting methane with a first agent at conditions effective to produce higher hydrocarbon products and water, the first agent containing at least one reducible oxide of at least one metal which oxide when contacted with methane at a temperature in the range of about 500/sup 0/C, to about 1000/sup 0/C, is reduced and produces higher hydrocarbon products and water; and (b) oligomerizing at least a portion of the higher hydrocarbon product to still higher hydrocarbon products in the presence of an effective amount of a second agent capable of promoting the oligomerization, provided that the composition of the first agent is different from the composition of the second agent.
Design and Development of Stable, Water-Soluble, Human Toll-like Receptor 2 Specific Monoacyl Lipopeptides as Candidate Vaccine Adjuvants (2013)

Antigens in modern subunit vaccines are largely soluble and poorly immunogenic proteins inducing relatively short-lived immune responses. Appropriate adjuvants initiate early innate immune responses, amplifying subsequent adaptive immune responses. Agonists of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are devoid of significant proinflammatory activity in ex vivo human blood models and yet are potently adjuvantic, suggesting that this chemotype may be a safe and effective adjuvant. Our earlier work on the monoacyl lipopeptide class of TLR2 agonists led to the design of a highly potent lead but with negligible aqueous solubility, necessitating the reintroduction of aqueous solubility. We explored several strategies of introducing ionizable groups on the lipopeptide, as well as the systematic evaluation of chemically stable bioisosteres of the ester-linked palmitoyl group. These studies have led to a fully optimized, chemically stable, and highly water-soluble human TLR2-specific agonist, which was found to have an excellent safety profile and displayed prominent adjuvantic activities in rabbit models.
Silicon carbide photodiode sensor for combustion control (2005)

A dual silicon carbide photodiode chip was developed to determine the temperature of a natural gas combustion flame. The concept uses the change in shape of the 260-350 nm OH band with temperature. One half of the chip was covered with a long-pass multiple layer dielectric filter with a short wavelength cutoff at about 315 nm. After amplification, the two signals produced by the filtered and unfiltered halves of the chip are divided to produce a ratio, which is very sensitive to changes in flame temperature. Sensitivity is about 0.35% per 20/spl deg/F change in flame temperature for temperatures between 2700 and 3000/spl deg/F. The temperature measured is the specific average temperature encompassed by the field of view of the sensor assembly.
Surface and Biological Activity of Some Prepared Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants (2011)

Abstract This work investigates the reaction of decyl, dodecyl, and tetradecyl amine with sulphouric acid to produce a quaternary ammonium salt, which consequently converted to copper and cobalt cationic complexes via complexing with copper(II) or cobalt(II) ions. The surface properties studied include critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin), free energies of micellization and adsorption . The interfacial activity (Iactiv.), which is expressed by physicochemical parameter /Amin, was calculated. Antimicrobial activity was determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds, which measured against five strains of group of microorganisms. Antitumor activity for some of these compounds was tested by using Ehrlich Acites Carcinoma (EAC) as a model system of mice cell tumor. Some of these compounds were also tested in vitro on human five monolayer tumor cell lines: MCF7 (breast carcinoma), HEPG2 (liver carcinoma), U251 (brain tumor), HCT116 (colon carcinoma), and H460 (lung carcinoma). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, elemental analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum were performed to insure the purity of the prepared compounds. Keywords: Antibacterial activityantitumor activitycationic surfactantcritical micelle concentrationthe interfacial activity (Iactiv)