gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin F2 alpha enhances tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA synthesis through phospholipase C-coupled receptor via Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular pathway in NIH-3T3 cells (1994)

Previously, we characterized the prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha receptor linked to phospholipase C activation and DNA synthesis in NIH-3T3 cells (Nakao, A., Watanabe, T., Taniguchi, S., Nakamura, M., Honda, Z-I., Shimizu, T., and Kurokawa, K. (1993) J. Cell. Physiol. 155, 257-264). To elucidate intracellular events evoked via this receptor, we examined changes caused by PGF2 alpha stimulation in the phosphotyrosine composition of cellular proteins. The addition of PGF2 alpha to cells in quiescent culture rapidly increased the levels of phosphotyrosine in cellular proteins with Mr values of 70,000 (pp70), 85,000 (pp85), 92,000 (pp92), 100,000 (pp100), and 125,000 (pp125); the latter was immunologically identified as p125 focal adhesion kinase. The PGF2 alpha-induced changes in the level of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) elevation, formation of inositol phosphates, and [3H]thymidine incorporation followed a similar dose dependence as PGF2 alpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. This tyrosine phosphorylation was independent of extracellular Ca2+, while a [Ca2+]i chelator, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (50 microM), completely inhibited the PGF2 alpha-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i, tyrosine phosphorylation, and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Ionomycin (0.1 microM), which induced [Ca2+]i elevation without formation of inositol phosphates, mimicked the PGF2 alpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) also induced [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner but had no significant effect on tyrosine phosphorylation. The PGF2 alpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation could be observed even in the cells pretreated with TPA (5 microM, 24 h). PGF2 alpha exhibited an additive effect on TPA-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation but had no effect on the 32P-phosphorylation of a known 80-kDa protein kinase (PK) C substrate. Both staurosporine and H-7 inhibited the PGF2 alpha-induced increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation and tyrosine phosphorylation in a similar dose-dependent manner whether or not cells were pretreated with TPA (5 microM, 24 h). However, W-7 and KN-62 had no effect on these cellular responses even at the concentration for the almost complete inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent PKs (20 microM). These results, taken together, indicate that PGF2 alpha receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation is evoked by a [Ca2+]i-dependent mechanism that is sensitive to staurosporine and H-7 but which is independent of PKC or Ca2+/calmodulin PKs. Finally, the data suggest that this PGF2 alpha-induced signaling pathway is linked to the proliferation of cells.
Dielectric Properties of Compounds Creating Dual-Frequency Nematic Liquid Crystals (2013)

In this paper we report how dielectric spectroscopy can help in creating of dual-frequency nematic liquid crystals. Dual-frequency nematic liquid crystals is new class of liquid crystal materials. Such mixture is usually formed by a combination of many components (even more than 10), which can be split into two groups: molecules having large transverse dipole moment and molecules with a large longitudinal dipole moment. The behavior of a base (parent) mixture, functional admixtures and nal dual-frequency nematic liquid crystals mixture is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy in wide frequency (100 Hz10 MHz) and temperature ranges. This allows us to nd out why the dual-frequency liquid crystal has an important feature: positive and negative dielectric anisotropy at dierent frequencies. We present parameters of molecular motions around short (S-mode) and long (L-mode) molecular axes observed in investigated materials and discuss how the creation of nal dual-frequency nematic liquid crystals mixture can modify molecular relaxations.
Separation of the Estrogen-Activated Growth-Regulatory Forms of Alpha-Fetoprotein in Mouse Amniotic Fluid (1990)

We have previously reported that murine fetal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) incubated for 1.0 h at room temperature in the presence of high concentrations of estradiol (E2) generates a growth-regulatory product designated AFP/E2. Subsequently we developed a bioassay in the immature mouse uterus to measure both the growth-inhibitory and growth-enhancing properties of AFP. In the present study, we have employed this bioassay to monitor each of the amniotic fluid-derived AFP isolates fractionated by various chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. The objective of this investigation was to partition and isolate the various molecular forms of AFP contained in amniotic fluid and determine whether the growth-regulatory activities resided with one or more of the fractions. AFP was fractionated by three different chromatographic/electrophoretic methods: E2 affinity chromatography, preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and one immunoaffinity method: gel-entrapped antibody filtration (GAF). Whereas E2 affinity chromatography separated the biological activity of AFP into inhibitory and possibly enhancing activities, PAGE purification yielded three fractions: an inhibitor, an enhancer, and a fraction without growth-regulatory activity. Immunoaffinity separation yielded an AFP product with only inhibitory activities. In comparison, fractionation by HPLC produced seven AFP fractions in which only three displayed growth-regulatory activities: two inhibitory and one enhancing. After subsequent HPLC rechromatography of these fractions, none displayed any biological activity. Thus, murine AFP derived from amniotic fluid is composed of potential heterofunctional forms that, depending on their relative abundance in the preparation, constitute a mixture capable of either (a) growth inhibition, (b) no effect, or (c) growth enhancement.
Measuring Changes in Chromatin Using Micrococcal Nuclease (2004)

This chapter documents a simple protocol to identify the nucleosome positioning of any given genes. The procedure includes partitioning 200-bp DNA fragments constituting the nucleosomal core region by micrococcal nuclease digestion and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification using multiple sets of primers covering arbitrary regions of approximately 150 bp in the gene. If the nuclease-digested 200-bp DNA is efficiently amplified, the region is inside the core. If the amplification is poor, the region spans the linker region. By a combination of this method with direct methylation mapping, the core region of a maize gene, ZmMI1, was shown to be less methylated than the linker region. The potential usefulness of the technique is discussed.
Mechanism of Action and Clinical Efficacy of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in BRCA-Mutated, Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers: Case Report and Literature Review (2019)

Sensitivity to endocrine therapy of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer and germline <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutations is not yet fully elucidated. Furthermore, the registration trials of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy lacked of a pre-specified subgroup analysis in <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutation carriers. We report clinical history of two patients with BRCA-mutated, ER-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with letrozole plus the CDK 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Biological and clinical implications of the treatment outcome observed in the two cases are discussed with the knowledge of scientific evidence to date available. Overall, biological rationale, preclinical, and clinical data support the prominent role of CDK 4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy, even in combination with PARP inhibitors, in the treatment of BRCA-mutated, ER-positive breast cancers. However, the interaction between Cyclin/CDK pathway, ER and BRCA is complex and evidences reported so far, albeit reliable, await confirmation in the context of future randomized clinical trials.
A novel subblock partition scheme for partial transmit sequence OFDM (1999)

In general, there has been a trade-off between performance of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and computational complexity in partial transmit sequence (PTS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this paper, a novel subblock partition scheme (SPS) for PTS OFDM is proposed and analyzed. In this scheme, signals assigned randomly in partial subbands are duplicated and concatenated repetitively to generate each subblock. The proposed scheme, therefore, has a form of concatenation of pseudo-random and interleaved SPS. As results of simulations, the proposed scheme shows almost same PAPR reduction performance as compared to the conventional pseudo-random SPS which has been known to have the best performance. However, computational complexity can be reduced extensively. Hence, the proposed scheme may be considered to be more suitable than the conventional ones for application in high speed transmission systems such as digital terrestrial broadcasting.
Measurements of Hydrodynamic Parameters for Nematic 5CB (1980)

Abstract A nematic liquid crystal, pentyl-cyano-biphenyl (5CB) is studied in two different flow situations: Poiseuille flow and torsional shear flow, in both cases with and without the simultaneous application of an electric field. The Poiseuille flow set-up gives an accurate determination of the Miesowicz viscosity ηc and a less precise estimation of ηb. With ηc known it is possible to separately determine the elastic constants K 11 and K 33 and the viscous coefficients α2, α3, and thereby γ1, γ2 from the torsional shear flow experiment. Using the data we have also been able to calculate the actual director profile in the liquid crystal as a function of applied shear and electric field. Curves are given of K 11, K 33, K 11/K 33, α2, α3, γ1, γ2, γ1/γ2, ηb and ηc for 5CB as a function of temperature through the whole nematic range from 22.0 °C to 35.1 °C. After the completion of our manuscript we have noticed the recent article by J. Wahl, Z. Natur-forsch. 34a, 818 (1979). Wahl discusses shear flow in the presence of an electric field for MBBA which is a material with negative dielectric anisotropy. This means that the field itself has a similar effect as the shear, instead of counteracting it as in our case. Wahl's analysis is considerably different from ours. In particular he makes the simplification that the electric field has no influence on the velocity gradient, which might be valid in his case of MBBA, where the dielectric anisotropy is about a tenth of that for 5CB.
ET-18-OCH3 inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B activation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate but not by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin 1 alpha. (1995)

1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) is a synthetic diether phospholipid that is competitive with phosphatidylserine binding to the regulatory domain of protein kinase C (PKC). Our previous studies indicate that the selective inhibition of tumor cell growth by ET-18-OCH3 may be due to altered signal transduction mechanisms, including the inhibition of PKC. To further define the mechanism of action of ET-18-OCH3, we have used it to study the role of PKC in regulation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B, which is activated by diverse stimuli. In the 293.27.2 human kidney cell line, as in hematopoietic cells of all lineages, NF-kappa B is stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). The response to either TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha is synergistically enhanced by TPA. However, the regulatory mechanisms and signal transduction systems responsible for NF-kappa B activation in response to these different stimuli have not been determined in detail. We have used ET-18-OCH3 and auranofin, which inhibit PKC by different mechanisms, to assess the role of PKC in NF-kappa B activation. ET-18-OCH3 markedly inhibits TPA-induced NF-kappa B activation, as measured by HIV long terminal repeat-directed expression of beta-galactosidase. The IC50 for inhibition by ET-18-OCH3 is approximately 2 microM, a noncytotoxic concentration. Inhibition of TPA-induced NF-kappa B activation was dependent upon preincubation with ET-18-OCH3, and the drug was active at approximately 2 mol% of total cellular phospholipid. ET-18-OCH3 did not inhibit NF-kappa B activation by either TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, indicating that there are multiple distinct signal transduction pathways leading to activation of NF-kappa B. We have confirmed these results using auranofin, an antirheumatic drug that is a specific PKC inhibitor interacting with the catalytic domain. Like ET-18-OCH3, auranofin blocked NF-kappa B activation by TPA but not by TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha. Also like the ether lipid, auranofin only partially blocked the synergy exhibited by TPA and TNF-alpha. To confirm the role of NF-kappa B in this response, we measured NF-kappa B by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Both ET-18-OCH3 and auranofin inhibited cellular induction of the active NF-kappa B complex in response to TPA but not in response to TNF-alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dependency-Guided LSTM-CRF for Named Entity Recognition (2019)

Zhanming Jie, Wei Lu. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Emerging Roles of Eosinophils and Eosinophil-Derived Lipid Mediators in the Resolution of Inflammation (2012)

Acute inflammation and its resolution are essential processes for tissue protection and homeostasis. Once thought to be a passive process, the resolution of inflammation is now shown to involve active biochemical programs that enable inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. The mechanisms by which acute inflammation is resolved are of interest, and research in recent years has uncovered new endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators (i.e., lipoxins, resolvins, protectin, and maresin) generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This review presents new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammatory resolution, especially the roles of eosinophils, and a series of omega-3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that they generate.
Influence of Size Distributions of LSM/YSZ Composite Powders on Microstructure and Performance of SOFC Cathodes (2005)

La0.8Sr0.2MnO3(LSM)/Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) composite powders were mechanically prepared. By changing the mechanical conditions, three composite powders with different size distributions were obtained. Then, they were applied into cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Microstructures of the cathodes were carefully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Losses of internal resistance (IR) and polarization between the electrolyte and the cathode were measured with a current interruption technique. The significant change associated with the particle size distribution was observed in the microstructures and the losses.
Broad-Band Band-Pass and Band-Stop Filters with Sharp Cut-off Frequencies Based on Series CPW Stubs (2006)

Broad-band band-pass filters (BPFs) and band-stop filters (BSFs) constructed with coplanar waveguide's series open and short stubs are reported in this paper. The insertion loss is less than 1.6 dB for the BPF, and it has 60% relative 3-dB bandwidth and 77% 30-dB bandwidth. For the BSF, the 20 dB stop band is 20.5 GHz, with return loss is only 0.3 dB. The lower pass band insertion loss is less than 0.8 dB and higher pass band insertion loss is less than 1.5 dB
Preliminary Study of a New Dynamic Technique to Prevent Water Coning (1995)

In many oil (and gas) reservoirs throughout the world, oil recovery is strongly affected by the presence of a bottom aquifer. The drawdown imposed in production wells induces the water to rise forming a cone.
Local Physical Models for Interactive Character Animation (2002)

Our goal is to design and build a tool for the creation of expressive character animation. Virtual puppetry, also known as performance animation, is a technique in which the user interactively controls a character's motion. In this paper we introduce local physical models for performance animation and describe how they can augment an existing kinematic method to achieve very effective animation control. These models approximate specific physically-generated aspects of a character's motion. They automate certain behaviours, while still letting the user override such motion via a PD-controller if he so desires. Furthermore, they can be tuned to ignore certain undesirable effects, such as the risk of having a character fall over, by ignoring corresponding components of the force. Although local physical models are a quite simple approximation to real physical behaviour, we show that they are extremely useful for interactive character control, and contribute positively to the expressiveness of the character's motion. In this paper, we develop such models at the knees and ankles of an interactively-animated 3D anthropomorphic character, and demonstrate a resulting animation. This approach can be applied in a straight-forward way to other joints. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Interaction Techniques
Polyurethane Elastomers in Surgery (1977)

Abstract Review of polyurethane elastomers and several applications as surgical implants.
Developing a Digital Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory (2005)

The Behavioral Sciences and Leadership Department at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) recently initiated an effort to develop a low-cost usability evaluation system for undergraduate education and research. Based on student input, they knew they needed a flexible and portable system that would be cost-effective for both data capture and analysis. Their overarching goal was to develop a system that would be easy for students and faculty to learn and maintain. In addition to creating a system that would be flexible, portable, and easy to learn, they wanted to develop a learning environment around that system for undergraduate students in human factors, computer science, and systems engineering. This paper documents the process the Leadership Department followed to design and implement their lab, and provides a step-by-step solution for developing similar low-cost usability laboratories at other universities, both for teaching and research. By integrating a software-based usability recording tool (Morae) as the main component of the laboratory, they were able to develop the solution they needed and provide cadets at the Air Force Academy with the same capability as high-end laboratories. They plan to integrate other methods and tools in the future to support efficient usability diagnosis and evaluation for university faculty and students.
Stress-released Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> fabrication process for dispersion-engineered integrated silicon photonics (2020)

We develop a stress-released stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) fabrication process for dispersion-engineered integrated silicon photonics. To relax the high tensile stress of a thick Si 3 N 4 film grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process, we grow the film in two steps and introduce a conventional dense stress-release pattern onto a ∼400nm-thick Si 3 N 4 film in between the two steps. Our pattern helps minimize crack formation by releasing the stress of the film along high-symmetry periodic modulation directions and helps stop cracks from propagating. We demonstrate a nearly crack-free ∼830nm-thick Si 3 N 4 film on a 4” silicon wafer. Our Si 3 N 4 photonic platform enables dispersion-engineered, waveguide-coupled microring and microdisk resonators, with cavity sizes of up to a millimeter. Specifically, our 115µm-radius microring exhibits an intrinsic quality (Q)-factor of ∼2.0×10 6 for the TM 00 mode and our 575µm-radius microdisk demonstrates an intrinsic Q of ∼4.0×10 6 for TM modes in 1550nm wavelengths.
Case-based reasoning for weather prediction (1994)

Computer-based forecasting of weather was first exper-imented in 1950 at Princeton University. Since then, there have been newer and more accurate methods to predict the incoming climate. One common practice of weather prediction is by using the general circula-tion models which are based on the laws of physics (J.M.Moran &amp; M.D.Morgan 1986). These models are highly complex and computational intensive limiting their use for only short range predictions and that too needing supercomputers. The accuracy of fore-casting deteriorates rapidly for periods longer than 48 hours and it often becomes minimal beyond 10 days due to imperfections in the models. The analog tech-nique of weather forecasting is another approach which searches for periods in the past when the current condi-tions were similar and use the past spatial patterns as analogs (J.T.Houghton, G.J.Jenkins, &amp; J.J.Ephraums 1990). Long term trends and recurring events guide the decisions. This is more relevant for long range pre-dictions as well as in single station predictions. The araudog method is relatively simple compared to the complex processes of development, validation, use, and maintenance of numerical models. The analog technique closely resembles the princi-ples of case-based reasoning (CBR) (Kolodner 1993; Hammond 1989). The CBR scheme attempts to iden-tify a solution by searching a historical database of solutions. Rather than performing statistical compu-tations on past records, CBR attempts to retrieve one or a few best matching cases from its casebase and modifies them to fit the current scenario. The CBR approach often results in a faster synthesis of solutions compared to rule-based reasoning or reasoning from first principles. This paper discusses the relevance of CBR in weather forecasting and outlines an indexing and eval-uation scheme for prediction. The major issue is the task of identifying a set of indices to retrieve match-ing past case records and interpret them in the current context. For weather cases, the indices are typically the observations of relevant atmospheric parameters such as cloud amount, cloud altitude, cloud water con-
Nanocarriers for Diagnosis and Targeting of Breast Cancer (2013)

Breast cancer nanotherapeutics is consistently progressing and being used to remove the various limitations of conventional method available for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Nanoparticles provide an interdisciplinary area for research in imaging, diagnosis, and targeting of breast cancer. With advanced physicochemical properties and better bioavailability, they show prolonged blood circulation with efficient tumor targeting. Passive targeting mechanisms by using leaky vasculature, tumor microenvironment, or direct local application and active targeting approaches using receptor antibody, amplification in the ability of nanoparticles to target specific tumor can be achieved. Nanoparticles are able to reduce cytotoxic effect of the active anticancer drugs by increasing cancer cell targeting in comparison to conventional formulations. Various nanoparticles-based formulations are in the preclinical and clinical stages of development; among them, polymeric drug micelles, liposomes, dendrimer, carbon nanotubes, and nanorods are the most common. In this review, we have discussed the role of nanoparticles with respect to oncology, by particularly focusing on the breast cancer and various nanodelivery systems used for targeting action.
Synthesis of Coumarins via Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Annulation of Internal Alkynes by <i>o</i>-Iodophenols (2000)

A variety of substituted coumarins have been prepared in good yields by the palladium-catalyzed coupling of o-iodophenols with internal alkynes and 1 atm of carbon monoxide. Unlike most of the previous work on the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of alkynes, the insertion of the internal alkyne occurs in preference to the insertion of CO.