gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing logic encryption overhead through gate level key insertion (2016)

Integrated circuits (ICs) are used in fields such as banking, transportation, energy, health, and the military. However, the use of ICs in many applications is threatened by an increasing reliance on untrusted third-parties within the IC design flow. The result is a growing concern for IC reliability and security, with threats that include IC counterfeiting, intellectual property (IP) theft, IC overproduction, and the insertion of hardware Trojans. An area of research aimed at ensuring the reliability and security of ICs in critical applications is logic encryption. While the security of an IC is increased when using logic encryption, current methods such as the XOR or look-up table (LUT) techniques have high per-gate overheads in area, performance, and power. A reduction in the per-gate overhead permits the use of logic encryption in a wider range of applications. Novel gate level designs for logic encryption are described in this paper, resulting in reduced overhead in power, area, and performance as compared to the XOR or LUT based techniques. With the proposed gate level technique, encrypting an AND gate results in a power reduction of 43.2%, an estimated area reduction of 19.8%, and a performance increase of 46.9% in comparison to the XOR based implementation of the encrypted AND.
Anti-Tumor Activity of Single-Agent CCI-779 for Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Phase II Trial in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by a t(11;14) resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1, a member of the phosphatidylinosital 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. This study tested whether CCI-779, which inhibits the PI3K pathway at the level of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) could produce tumor responses in patients (pts) with MCL. Patients and Methods: Eligible pts had biopsy-proven, cyclin D1 positive MCL and had relapsed or were refractory to therapy. Pts received CCI-779 250 mg IV every week as a single agent. Pts were re-staged after 1 cycle (4 doses) and every 3 cycles thereafter. Pts with a tumor response after 6 cycles were eligible to continue drug for a total of 12 cycles or 2 cycles after complete remission (CR) and then were observed. Results: Thirty-five pts were enrolled and evaluable for toxicity; 1 patient had MCL by histology but was cyclin D1 negative and ineligible for efficacy evaluation. The median age was 70 years (range, 38–89), 91% were stage 4, and 69% had ≥ 2 extranodal sites. Pts had received a median of 3 prior therapies (range, 1–11) and 54% were refractory to their last treatment. The overall response rate was 38% (13/34) with 1 CR (3%) and 12 PRs (35%), surpassing the pre-defined criteria for a promising agent. Responses tended to occur rapidly with median time to response of 1 month (range, 1–8). To date, 26 patients have progressed, with a median time-to-progression of 6.8 months (95% CI: 3.8 – 9.7). Median duration of response for the 13 responders was 5.7 months (95% CI: 5.2 – 13.2). Overall, 32 out of 35 patients who received treatment had grade 3 or 4 toxicity. The most common toxicities were hematologic with grade 3 (n=24) or grade 4 (n=4). Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent grade 3/4 toxicity (n=25) and the largest cause of dose-reductions, although counts typically recovered within one week. Only 4 patients could tolerate sustained 250 mg per week throughout their treatment (including one who went on to alternate treatment after 1 cycle) and the median dose/month was 175 mg. Conclusions: Single-agent CCI-779 has substantial anti-tumor activity in relapsed MCL. This study demonstrates that agents, which selectively target cellular pathways dysregulated in MCL cells can produce therapeutic benefit. The high response rate warrants further studies of this agent in MCL, but the high incidence of hematologic toxicity suggests that a lower dose should be explored. CCI-779 at 25mg is currently being evaluated in MCL through an NCCTG trial
Quantitative phase microscopy using dual-plane in-line digital holography (2012)

We present detailed theoretical evaluation and thorough experimental investigation of quantitative phase imaging using our previously demonstrated dual-plane in-line digital holographic microscopy technique [Opt. Lett. 35, 3426 (2010)]. This evaluation is based on the recording of two interferograms at slightly different planes and numerically reconstructing the object information. The zero-order diffracted wave is eliminated by using the method of subtraction of average intensity of the entire hologram, and the twin-image diffracted wave is removed by Fourier domain processing of the two recorded holograms. Experiments are performed using controlled amplitude and phase objects and human muscle cells to demonstrate the potential of this technique.
Human hookworm vaccine, a vaccine to prevent intestinal blood loss and transmission caused by the hookworm Necator americanus (2013)

Hookworm is one of the more important parasitic infections and is estimated to infect approximately 576-740 million individuals, primarily in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. The intestinal blood loss due to hookworm infection can lead to iron deficiency anemia and is estimated to result in the loss of 22 million DALYs per year. Chemotherapy is insufficient to control hookworm infection, therefore the need for a hookworm vaccine. The target product profile of Sabin Vaccine Institute PDP’s Human Hookworm Vaccine is a bivalent recombinant protein vaccine for the prevention of moderate to heavy hookworm infection. Currently two vaccine candidate antigens are in clinical development: the Necator americanus glutathione S-transferase (Na-GST-1) and Necator americanus aspartic protease (Na-APR-1). The former has been expressed in Pichia pastoris and the latter in a tobacco plant expression system, Nicotiana benthmiana. Both are formulated with Alhydrogel® and will be tested with the immunostimulant Gluco-Pyranosylphospho-Lipid A Aqueous Formulation (GLA-AF). Na-GST-1 and Na-APR-1 have shown promising efficacy in animal models of hookworm infection. The Na-GST-1 vaccine is currently in Phase I trials in adults in Brazil and the USA. The Na-APR-1 vaccine will enter Phase I trials later this year. Both vaccines will then undergo age de-escalation studies into pediatric populations resident in hookworm endemic areas of Brazil. Our goal is to co-formulate these two antigens into a bivalent vaccine co-administered with the immunostimulant GLA in Phase II trials in hookworm endemic areas of Brazil to determine the biological effect of the vaccine on infection.
DocTag2Vec: An Embedding Based Multi-label Learning Approach for Document Tagging (2017)

Tagging news articles or blog posts with relevant tags from a collection of predefined ones is coined as document tagging in this work. Accurate tagging of articles can benefit several downstream applications such as recommendation and search. In this work, we propose a novel yet simple approach called DocTag2Vec to accomplish this task. We substantially extend Word2Vec and Doc2Vec---two popular models for learning distributed representation of words and documents. In DocTag2Vec, we simultaneously learn the representation of words, documents, and tags in a joint vector space during training, and employ the simple $k$-nearest neighbor search to predict tags for unseen documents. In contrast to previous multi-label learning methods, DocTag2Vec directly deals with raw text instead of provided feature vector, and in addition, enjoys advantages like the learning of tag representation, and the ability of handling newly created tags. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we conduct experiments on several datasets and show promising results against state-of-the-art methods.
The PrsA lipoprotein is essential for protein secretion in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and sets a limit for high‐level secretion (1993)

Mutations of the prsA gene of Bacillus subtilis have indicated that the gene is involved in protein secretion and it encodes a novel component of the cellular secretion machinery. We now demonstrate that the gene product is a membrane-associated lipoprotein, presumably bound to the outer face of the cytoplasmic membrane. Experiments to inactivate the prsA gene with insertions indicated that it is indispensable for viability. The cellular level of PrsA protein was shown to be decreased in prsA mutants with decreased level of exoproteins, consistent with an essential function in protein secretion. An increased amount of cellular PrsA protein was introduced by increasing the copy number of prsA in B. subtilis. This enhanced, from six- to twofold, the secretion of alpha-amylases and a protease in strains, which expressed high levels of these exoenzymes. This suggests that PrsA protein is the rate-limiting component of the secretion machinery, a finding that is of considerable biotechnological interest.
Disco (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Disco: running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors Authors: Edouard Bugnion Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Scott Devine Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Mendel Rosenblum Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SOSP '97: Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principlesOctober 1997 Pages 143–156https://doi.org/10.1145/268998.266672Published:01 October 1997Publication History 160citation2,506DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations160Total Downloads2,506Last 12 Months105Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Sensing of toxic metals through pH changes using a hybrid sorbent material: Concept and experimental validation (2009)

Abstract This article reports a new hybrid sorbent material that is capable of detecting trace concentration of toxic metals, such as zinc, lead, copper, nickel, etc., through pH changes only. The material is essentially a composite granular material synthesized through rapid fusion of a mixture of amorphous hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) and akermanite or calcium magnesium silicate (Ca 2 MgSi 2 O 7 ). When a water sample is rapidly passed through a mini‐column containing this hybrid material, effluent pH at the exit always remains alkaline (≈9.0) because of slow hydrolysis of akermanite and steady release of hydroxyl (OH − ) ions. This exit solution turns pink through the addition of a phenolphthalein indicator. Commonly encountered electrolytes containing sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate have no impact on the exit pH from the mini‐column. However, when trace concentration of a heavy metal (say lead) is present in the sample water, a considerable drop in pH (>2 units) is observed for the exiting solution. At this point, the solution turns colorless through the addition of a phenolphthalein indicator. Moreover, the change in the slope of pH, i.e., −dpH/dBV, provides a sharp, noticeable peak for each toxic metal where BV is the bed volumes of solution fed. The technique allowed detection of zinc and lead through pH swings in synthesized samples, spiked Bethlehem City water, and also in Lehigh River water in the presence of phosphate and natural organic matter (NOM). Using a simple preconcentration technique, lower than 10 μg/l of lead was detected with a significant peak. From a mechanistic viewpoint, high sorption affinity of HFO surface sites toward toxic metal cations, ability of akermanite to maintain near‐constant alkaline pH for a prolonged period through slow hydrolysis and labile metal‐hydroxy complex formation causing dissipation of OH − ions from the aqueous phase provide a synergy that allows detection of toxic metals at concentrations well below 100 μg/l through pH changes. Nearly all previous investigations pertaining to toxic metals sensing use metal‐selective enzymes or organic chromophores. This simple‐to‐operate technique using an inexpensive hybrid material may find widespread applications in the developing world for rapid detection of toxic metals through pH changes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Semiochemical and Communication Ecology of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (2019)

Knowledge of buprestid chemical ecology is sparse but the appearance of the invasive pest <i>Agrilus planipennis</i> Fairmaire in North America has provided the impetus to study in detail the semiochemistry and ecology of this important buprestid. The macrocyclic lactone (3Z)-12-dodecenolide [(3Z)-lactone] is identified as a key antennally-active compound that is produced by females and attracts males. Though a weak trap attractant alone, when combined with the host kairomone (3Z)-hexenol and the important visual cue of a green canopy trap, significant increases in male trap capture occur, thus defining (3Z)-lactone as both a sex pheromone of <i>A. planipennis</i> as well as the first and only known buprestid pheromone. The non-natural stereoisomer (3E)-12-dodecenolide and the saturated analog, 12-dodecanolide also exhibit mimetic activities towards male <i>A. planipennis</i>, suggesting a notable plasticity in this pheromonal structural motif. Efficient synthetic routes to these compounds have been developed. A series of fluoro-12-dodecanolides has also been synthesized containing CF<sub>2</sub> groups as a strategy to bias the conformational space accessed by these macrolides and to assess if the analogs may act as mimetics for 12-dodecanolide pheromones associated in <i>A. planipennis</i>. These compounds also afford a unique opportunity to study the binding affinities of lactone surrogates with <i>A. planipennis</i> chemosensory proteins and olfactory receptors. Some progress has also been made in identifying the genes involved in the reception, processing and degradation of volatiles in this invasive insect. It is now evident that the behavior and ecology of A. planipennis involves a complex pattern of sensory modalities, including visual, tactile, olfactory and potentially acoustic components. Earlier reviews focused on studies of attractive host volatiles in development of a trapping system for early detection and visual and contact phenomena in <i>A. planipennis</i> mate finding. This review will update the semiochemistry and chemical ecology of <i>A. planipennis</i> and discuss studies on chemistry and behavior that have identified female-produced pheromone components and host kairomones.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Air and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Measured \nwith a New Integrated Organic Vapor-Particle Sampler (1993)

LBL-33683 REV. UC-402 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT DIVISION To be presented at the Indoor Air '93, The Sixth International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Helsinki, Finland, July 5-8, 1993, and to be published in the Proceedings Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Air and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Measured with a New Integrated Organic Vapor-Particle Sampler L.A. Gundel, J.M. Daisey, K.R.R. Mahanarna, V.C. Lee, and,R.K. Stevens January 1993 ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT DIVISION Prepared for the U S Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC03-76SF00098
Effect of Plant Species and Environmental Conditions on Ice Nucleation Activity of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> on Leaves (1988)

Selected plant species and environmental conditions were investigated for their influences on expression of ice nucleation activity by 15 Pseudomonas syringae strains grown on plants in constant-temperature growth chamber studies. Ice nucleation frequencies (INFs), the fraction of cells that expressed ice nucleation at -5 or -9 degrees C, of individual strains varied greatly, both on plants and in culture. This suggests that the probability of frost injury, which is proportional to the number of ice nuclei on leaf surfaces, is strongly determined by the particular bacterial strains that are present on a leaf surface. The INFs of strains were generally higher when they were grown on plants than when they were grown in culture. In addition, INFs in culture did not correlate closely with INFs on plants, suggesting that frost injury prediction should be based on INF measurements of cells grown on plants rather than in culture. The relative INFs of individual strains varied with plant host and environment. However, none of seven plant species tested optimized the INFs of all 15 strains. Similarly, incubation for 48 h at near 100% relative humidity with short photoperiods did not always decrease the INF when compared with a 72 h, 40% relative humidity, long-photoperiod incubation. Pathogenic strains on susceptible hosts were not associated with higher or lower INFs relative to their INFs on nonsusceptible plant species. The ice nucleation activity of individual bacterial strains on plants therefore appears to be controlled by complex and interacting factors such as strain genotype, environment, and host plant species.
Glycodendrimers as functional antigens and antitumor vaccines (2011)

Glycodendrimers have advantageous characteristics of providing potent immunostimulating and adjuvant properties in vaccine preparation due to their molecularly defined multivalent scaffolds together with their abundant architectural variations. Their versatile syntheses allow the production of highly defined conjugates with small antigens. An overview of the use of dendrimers as carriers of carbohydrate antigens including constructs that have built-in adjuvant properties and as stand-alone adjuvants that can be mixed with carbohydrate antigens to provide efficient vaccine formulations is provided. A brief description of the innate and adaptive immune responses toward glycoconjugates is provided to allow better understanding and basic constituent requirements for future design. The necessary distinction between antigens and immunogens (vaccines) is also discussed. To counterbalance the poor immunogenicity and T-cell independent characteristics of carbohydrate antigens, chemists have developed original hybrid molecules aimed at targeting specific pattern-recognition receptors to trigger competent immune cell proliferations and protective antibody production. Although early glycodendrimers were found to lack immunogenicity, these architecturally impressive nanomolecules were shown to bind avidly to various carbohydrate binding proteins, including antibodies. More recently, the hitherto non-immunogenic dendritic components have been successfully used as adjuvants and carriers to direct other molecules to immunocompetent cells. Commendable examples against tumor associated carbohydrate antigens will illustrate the immunochemical strategies engaged in the development of potent and exclusively synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines.
<title>Sapphire-optical-fiber-based interferometric sensors for high-temperature environmental applications</title> (1993)

We describe the development and testing of intrinsic and extrinsic sapphire fiber-based sensor designs intended for use in high temperature environments. The first is a sapphire-fiber-based intrinsic interferometric sensor. In this sensor, a length of uncoated, unclad, structural-grade multimode sapphire fiber is fusion spliced to a singlemode silica fiber to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The reflections from the silica-to-sapphire fiber splice and the free endface of the sapphire fiber give rise to the interfering fringe output. This sensor has been demonstrated for the measurement of temperature above 1510 degree(s)C, and a resolution of 0.1 degree(s)C has been obtained. The second is an extrinsic sapphire fiber-based Fabry-Perot interferometer. Based on the intrinsic sapphire fiber sensor, another sapphire fiber is placed end-to-end to the first sapphire fiber and the two adjacent endfaces of the two sapphire fibers form a Fabry- Perot cavity. This sensor has been shown to be useful for strain and temperature measurement.
Propylene Carbonate (PC)-Based Electrolytes with High Coulombic Efficiency for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2013)

A homologous series of propylene carbonate (PC) analog solvents with increasing length of linear alkyl substitutes were synthesized and used as co-solvents with PC for graphite-based lithium-ion half cells. A graphite anode reaches a capacity of around 310 mAh/g in PC and its analog co-solvents, with 99.95 percent Coulombic efficiency, similar to the values obtained with ethylene carbonate-based electrolytes. Solvent interaction with the graphite anode and subsequent decomposition determines the graphite anode performance. Gaseous products from cyclic carbonates with short alkyl chains cause exfoliation of the graphite anode; solvents with longer alkyl chains are able to prevent graphite exfoliation when used as co-solvents with PC. The PC co-solvents compete for solvation of the Li ion with the PC solvent, delaying PC co-intercalation. Reduction products of PC on a graphite surface via a single-electron path form a stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), which allows the reversible cycling of graphite.
Cholesterol‐derivatized polyurethane: Characterization and endothelial cell adhesion (2004)

Endothelialization of synthetic surfaces has been challenging with limited success thus far. We investigated the hypothesis that covalent attachment of cholesterol to polyurethane via the urethane nitrogen groups would create a high-affinity surface for attachment and adhesion of endothelial cells. Cholesterol was covalently bound to the polyether polyurethane, Tecothane, by first derivatizing the polyurethane nitrogen groups with bromoalkyl side chains, followed by reacting mercapto-cholesterol to the bromoalkyl sites. Cholesterol-modified polyurethane demonstrated a qualitatively smoother surface per atomic force microscopy than nonmodified and increased surface energy (contact angle measurements) compared with unmodified polyurethane. Cell attachment assays showed a significantly greater number of attached bovine arterial endothelial cells (p = 0.0003) after 45 min of seeding on cholesterol-modified polyurethane versus unmodified polyurethane. Bovine arterial endothelial cells cultivated on cholesterol-modified Tecothane showed significantly greater levels of cell retention compared with unmodified Tecothane when exposed to arterial level shear stress for 2 h (25 dynes/cm2) with 90.0 +/- 6.23% cells remaining adherent compared with unmodified polyurethane, 41.4 +/- 11.7%, p = 0.0070. Furthermore, ovine endothelial precursors, obtained as blood outgrowth endothelial cells, were seeded on cholesterol-modified polyurethane and exposed to 25 dynes/cm2 shear conditions for 2 h, with the retention of 90.30 +/- 3.25% of seeded cells versus unmodified polyurethane, which retained only 4.56 +/- 0.85% (p < 0.001). It is concluded that covalently linking cholesterol to polyurethane results in improved material properties that permit increased endothelial cell retention compared with unmodified polyurethane.
Coding method for successive pitch periods (2001)

This paper presents a coding method for successive pitch periods of a speech signal. In the proposed method, a priori knowledge of the statistical properties of successive pitch periods is used by designing a shaped lattice structure that covers the most probable points in the pitch space. We also present briefly a pitch search algorithm for the shaped lattice. An example implementation of shaped lattice coding is given for a modified IS-641 speech coder. Based on the simulation results, the proposed scheme achieves capacity savings compared to the conventional methods.