gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processable Fluorinated Acrylic Resins with Low Dielectric Constants (1993)

The preparation of a new class of processable heavily fluorinated acrylic resins with very low dielectric constants is described. The title compounds 2 and 5 were prepared through the condensation of the respective alcohols 1 and 4 with acryloyl chloride. Unlike tetrafluoroethylene, monomers 2 and 5 are easy to process into polymers under normal conditions due to their liquid or semisolid nature. Radical polymerization of the title compounds with a trace amount of azobisisobutyronitrile or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide at 85-100 °C leads to homopolymers 3 and 6 and copolymer 7. All polymers exhibit dielectric constants around 2.10-2.24 over a frequency region of 500 MHz to 18.5 GHz; the variation of dielectric constant values over the measured frequency region is within 0.03 for each polymer. These values are very close to the minimum known dielectric constants of 2.0-2.08 for poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and 1.89-1.93 for a terpolymer of 2,2-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole 8, perfluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene 9. The dielectric constants for poly(tetrafluoroethylene) measured with the same method are observed to be around 1.96-1.99 in order to validate the accuracy of our measurement.
Gene expression during tuber development in potato plants (1990)

Potato tubers are modified stems that have differentiated into storage organs. Factors such as day-length, nitrogen supply, and levels of the phytohormones cytokinin and gibberellic acid, are known to control tuberization. Morphological changes during tuber initiation are accompanied by the accumulation of a characteristic set of proteins, thought to be involved in N-storage (i.e. patatin) or defense against microbial or insect attack (i.e. proteinase inhibitor II). Additionally, deposition of large amounts of starch occurs during tuber formation, which is paralleled by an increase in sucrose synthase and other enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis (i.e. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthases, and branching enzyme). Potential controlling mechanisms for genes expressed during tuberization are discussed.
Optical Resolution of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic Acid by Preferential Crystallization with Achiral Amines (1982)

Journal Article Optical Resolution of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutanoic Acid by Preferential Crystallization with Achiral Amines Get access Hiroyuki Nohira, Hiroyuki Nohira Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, Urawa, Saitama 338, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Daiyo Terunuma, Daiyo Terunuma Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, Urawa, Saitama 338, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sinji Kobe Sinji Kobe Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University, Urawa, Saitama 338, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 5, 1 May 1982, Pages 1421–1422, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865263 Published: 01 May 1982 Article history Received: 23 December 1981 Published: 01 May 1982
Lytro camera technology: theory, algorithms, performance analysis (2013)

The Lytro camera is the first implementation of a plenoptic camera for the consumer market. We consider it a successful example of the miniaturization aided by the increase in computational power characterizing mobile computational photography. The plenoptic camera approach to radiance capture uses a microlens array as an imaging system focused on the focal plane of the main camera lens. This paper analyzes the performance of Lytro camera from a system level perspective, considering the Lytro camera as a black box, and uses our interpretation of Lytro image data saved by the camera. We present our findings based on our interpretation of Lytro camera file structure, image calibration and image rendering; in this context, artifacts and final image resolution are discussed.
Parallel Implementation of the Recursive Approximation of an Unsupervised Hierarchical Segmentation Algorithm (2007)

The hierarchical image segmentation algorithm (referred to as HSEG) is a hybrid of hierarchical step-wise optimization (HSWO) and constrained spectral clustering that produces a hierarchical set of image segmentations. HSWO is an iterative approach to region growing segmentation in which the optimal image segmentation is found at NR regions, given a segmentation at NR + 1 regions. HSEG’s addition of constrained spectral clustering makes it a computationally intensive algorithm, for all but the smallest of images. To counteract this, a computationally efficient recursive approximation of HSEG (called RHSEG) has been devised. Further improvements in processing speed are obtained through a parallel implementation of RHSEG. This chapter describes this parallel implementation and demonstrates its computational efficiency on a Landsat Thematic Mapper test scene.
Characteristics of a Monoclonal Antibody to the Thyrotropin Receptor that Acts as a Powerful Thyroid-Stimulating Autoantibody Antagonist (2005)

Analysis of nine mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) with TSH antagonist activity showed that only one of the mAbs (RSR B2) was an effective antagonist of the human thyroid stimulating autoantibody M22. Crystals of B2 Fab were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and a crystal structure at 3.3 A resolution was obtained. The surface charge and topography of the B2 antigen binding site were markedly different from those of the thyroid-stimulating mAb M22 and these differences might contribute to the different properties of the two mAbs. B2 (but not other mouse TSHR-specific mAbs) was also an effective antagonist of thyroid stimulating autoantibody activity in 14 of 14 different sera from patients with Graves' disease. 125I-labeled B2 bound to the TSHR with high affinity (2 x 10(10) L/mol) and patient serum TSHR autoantibodies inhibited labeled B2 binding to the receptor in a similar way to inhibition of labeled TSH binding (r = 0.75; n = 20). Furthermore, labeled B2 binding was inhibited by patient serum TSHR autoantibodies with TSH antagonist activity and also by mouse and human thyroid stimulating mAbs. Overall, mAb B2 is a powerful antagonist of thyroid stimulating autoantibodies (and TSH) thus resembling closely patient serum TSH antagonist TSHR autoantibodies. Furthermore, B2 might have potentially important in vivo applications when tissues containing the TSHR (including those in the orbit) need to be made unresponsive to stimulating autoantibodies.
Endophytes in Low‐input Agriculture and Plant Biomass Production (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What are Endophytes? Endophytes of Cool Season Grasses Endophytes of Warm Season Grasses Endophytes of Woody Angiosperms Other Fungal Endophytes Endophytes in Biomass Crop Production The Use of Fungal Endophytes in Bioenergy Crop Production Systems Endophyte Consortia Source of Novel Compounds Endophyte in Genetic Engineering of Host Plants Conclusions Acknowledgments
Exhaled breath condensate pH is a robust and reproducible assay of airway acidity (2003)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is low in several lung diseases and it normalises with therapy. The current study examined factors relevant to EBC pH monitoring. Intraday and intraweek variability were studied in 76 subjects. The pH of EBC collected orally and from isolated lower airways was compared in an additional 32 subjects. Effects of ventilatory pattern (hyperventilation/hypoventilation), airway obstruction after methacholine, temperature (-44 to +13 degrees C) and duration of collection (2-7 min), and duration of sample storage (up to 2 yrs) were examined. All samples were collected with a disposable condensing device, and de-aerated with argon until pH measurement stabilised. Mean EBC pH (n=76 subjects, total samples=741) was 7.7+/-0.49 (mean+/-SD). Mean intraweek and intraday coefficients of variation were 4.5% and 3.5%. Control of EBC pH appears to be at the level of the lower airway. Temperature of collection, duration of collection and storage, acute airway obstruction, subject age, saliva pH, and profound hyperventilation and hypoventilation had no effect on EBC pH. The current authors conclude that in health, exhaled breath condensate pH is slightly alkaline, held in a narrow range, and is controlled by lower airway source fluid. Measurement of exhaled breath condensate pH is a simple, robust, reproducible and relevant marker of disease.
Enzyme Immobilised Coatings for Glucose Optical Fibre Sensors (2006)

Optical biosensors using enzymatic transducers for glucose monitoring incorporate novel inorganic-organic hybrid coatings with oxygen sensitive Ruthenium complexes on intrinsic and extrinsic fibre sensors. Performance in laboratory bioreactors and in industrial reactors is presented.
Colourising Point Clouds Using Independent Cameras (2018)

We investigate the problem of colourising a point cloud using an arbitrary mobile mapping device and an independent camera. The loose coupling of sensors creates a number of challenges related to timing, point visibility, and colour determination. We address each of these problems and demonstrate our resulting algorithm on data captured using sensor payloads mounted to hand-held, aerial, and ground systems, illustrating the “plug-and-play” portability of the method.
CONTINUOUS SILICON CARBIDE FIBER OF HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH (1975)

Abstract Continuous silicon carbide fiber of high-tensile strength (about 350 Kg/mm2) was synthesized by means of the heat-treatment of organosilicon polymer obtained from dodecamethylcyclohexasilane. X-ray analysis and high voltage electron microscopic observations revealed that the obtained continuous fiber is an ultrafine grain structure of β-silicon carbide.
Error correcting code for flash memories (2013)

Flash memories have many distinct properties, which affect the design of error correcting codes. In this paper, we combine error correction with rewriting, and present such a code construction based on polar coding.
Structure of the carrot defect in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers (2005)

Transmission electron microscopy and KOH etching were used to determine the structure of the carrot defect in 4H-SiC epilayers. The defect consists of two intersecting planar faults on prismatic {11¯00} and basal {0001} planes. Both faults are connected by a stair-rod dislocation with Burgers vector 1∕n [101¯0] with n&gt;3 at the crossover. A Frank-partial dislocation with b=1∕12[44¯03] terminates the basal fault.
Long-Term Followup of Patients Treated With 1 or 2, 6-Week Courses of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: Analysis of Possible Predictors of Response Free of Tumor (1990)

We report our long-term experience with 104 patients treated for recurrent superficial bladder tumors followed for a mean of 48 +/- 2 months (range 6 to 83 months). Patients received 6 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations, and were followed for response with urinary cytology, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy. Patients were considered treatment failures if either urinary cytology or biopsy results were positive for tumor. Of 69 patients who failed the initial treatment course 60 were given an additional 6-week course of therapy. A 6-week course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin was successful in 19 of 55 patients (35%) treated for prophylaxis, 10 of 32 (31%) treated for carcinoma in situ and 6 of 17 (35%) treated for residual tumor. The response rate for the total patient population treated with 1, 6-week course was 34% (35 of 104). Another 6-week course was successful in 32 of 60 patients (53%). The over-all response rate free of tumor for patients treated with either 6 or 12 weeks of therapy was 64%. The mean interval free of tumor was 48 months. We evaluated tumor type, stage and grade in conjunction with muscle invasion to assess potential indicators of response to a second course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Of 13 patients with carcinoma in situ and 45 with papillary disease 5 (38%) and 26 (58%), respectively, responded to a second course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (not significantly different). In contrast, 5 of 8 carcinoma in situ failures (63%) had muscle invasive disease, compared to only 3 of 19 papillary nonresponders (16%) (p less than 0.02). These results suggest that intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin for the treatment of superficial bladder tumors is an effective long-term therapy. One 6-week course may be ineffective for some patients and another 6-week course provides long-term survival free of tumor for many course 1 failures. Patients who present with carcinoma in situ after a single 6-week course of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin have a significantly higher risk for muscle invasive disease than those with recurrent papillary tumors.
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Worsening Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Heart Failure With and Without Diabetes (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03036124.
WDM branching unit with gain and spur multiplexing (1997)

In optical submarine systems there may be a requirement for branching units (BU) in the trunk path, these devices allow traffic to be sent from the trunk to a spur and vice-versa. In single channel systems this is a simple task of routing the entire fibre to a spur. In WDM systems, routing functions can be realized by dropping and adding wavelengths from a trunk to the spur. This operation can be achieved by a different type of BU utilizing gratings as wavelength selective filters, and circulators to allow selective channels to be dropped. The main problem with this simple approach is that it requires one fibre for each add and drop channel resulting in four fibres (two fibre pairs) from a single fibre pair trunk. Moreover the BU would have a significant loss associated with it. We propose an alternative novel solution which can multiplex the add and drop elements from different trunks onto one fibre pair, and also incorporates gain elements, not only to compensate for the device losses but also to provide the channels with appropriate gain. (5 pages)
Database encryption (2010)

This article describes the major challenges and design considerations pertaining to database encryption. The article first presents an attack model and the main relevant challenges of data security, encryption overhead, key management, and integration footprint. Next, the article reviews related academic work on alternative encryption configurations pertaining to encryption locus; indexing encrypted data; and key management. Finally, the article concludes with a benchmark using the following design criteria: encryption configuration, encryption granularity and keys storage.
Artistic simulation of curly hair (2013)

Artistic simulation of hair presents many challenges - ranging from incorporating artistic control to dealing with extreme motions of characters. Additionally, in a production environment, the simulation needs to be fast and results need to be usable "out of the box" (without extensive parameter modifications) in order to produce content efficiently. These challenges are only increased when simulating curly, stylized hair.
Basic Study of a Magnetically Levitated Conveyer Using Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (2005)

This paper discusses a newly developed conveyer that uses superconducting levitation. The conveyer is composed of a levitated stage with a permanent magnet (PM) and a superconductor with an electromagnet and a Hall sensor. The gap between the PM stage and the superconductor is detected by using the Hall sensor and the current of the electromagnet coil. In order to suppress vibrations of the PM stage, PD (proportional & differential) control using adoptive control method is applied to the system. Control forces are produced by the electromagnet under the superconductor. The dynamics of the levitated stage are discussed in the case that PD control and only D (differential) control are applied to the system.
Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using an Axially Resonant Excitation Linear Ion Trap (2007)

We performed collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) analyses using a new ion trap: an axially resonant excitation linear ion trap (AREX LIT). Unlike a conventional linear ion trap, the AREX LIT can trap and detect low m/z fragment ions, such as immonium ions and iTRAQTM reporter ions, that are produced by CID. This capability to detect low m/z fragments is realized by CID excitation in a nearly harmonic direct current potential along the linear axis. In contrast, CID excitation in a conventional linear ion trap is in a pseudo-harmonic radio frequency potential that destabilizes fragment ions whose m/z is less than 1/4 that of the precursor ions. ECD was achieved in an axial magnetic field of about 0.2 Tesla superimposed along the AREX LIT. We observed that sequential ECD/CID inside the trap improved the sequence coverage of a peptide.
Demonstration of a 4H SiC betavoltaic cell (2006)

A betavoltaic cell in 4H SiC is demonstrated. A p-n diode structure was used to collect the charge from a 1mCi Ni-63 source. An open circuit voltage of 0.72V and a short circuit current density of 16.8nA∕cm2 were measured in a single p-n junction. A 6% lower bound on the power conversion efficiency was obtained. A simple photovoltaic-type model was used to explain the results. Fill factor and backscattering effects were included in the efficiency calculation. The performance of the device was limited by edge recombination.
Sp1 and NF-Y Synergistically Mediate the Effect of Vitamin D3 in the p27Kip1 Gene Promoter That Lacks Vitamin D Response Elements (1999)

Vitamin D(3) promotes myeloid leukemic cell lines to differentiate terminally into monocytes/macrophages. It has been reported that overexpression of the cdk inhibitor p27(Kip1) results in the differentiation of the myelomonocytic U937 cell line and that this gene is the target of vitamin D(3). To identify the sequences required for the positive regulation of p27(Kip1) transcription by vitamin D(3), a 3.6-kilobase 5'-flanking region of the human p27(Kip1) gene was examined by transiently transfecting luciferase reporter constructs into U937 cells. The transcriptional activity of this construct was activated by vitamin D(3). Deletion and mutational analysis revealed that both a GGGCGG sequence (-545/-539) and a CCAAT sequence (-525/-520) were necessary to induce p27(Kip1) gene expression. Importantly, the region containing both of these elements conferred positive responsiveness to vitamin D(3) to a heterologous promoter. Gel shift assays showed that Sp1 binds to the GGGCGG sequence and that NF-Y binds to the CCAAT sequence. Consistent with the roles of these transcription factors, treatment with vitamin D(3) stimulated the DNA binding activities of these factors to each element and induced the change of one NF-Y subunit. We conclude that vitamin D(3) stimulates transcription of the p27(Kip1) gene by a novel mechanism involving Sp1 and NF-Y, but not the vitamin D receptor, during the early stages of U937 cell differentiation.
Automatically closing open reactive programs (1998)

We study in this paper the problem of analyzing implementations of open systems --- systems in which only some of the components are present. We present an algorithm for automatically closing an open concurrent reactive system with its most general environment, i.e., the environment that can provide any input at any time to the system. The result is a nondeterministic closed (i.e., self-executable) system which can exhibit all the possible reactive behaviors of the original open system. These behaviors can then be analyzed using VeriSoft, an existing tool for systematically exploring the state spaces of closed systems composed of multiple (possibly nondeterministic) processes executing arbitrary code. We have implemented the techniques introduced in this paper in a prototype tool for automatically closing open programs written in the C programming language. We discuss preliminary experimental results obtained with a large telephone-switching software application developed at Lucent Technologies.
Pharmacokinetics of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in canine, rodent, feline, and primate species (2008)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHi) have been shown the therapeutic effects on hypertension, sepsis, and hypertrophy in different animal models. However, the inhibitors were hard to formulate which limits the administration methods, and their bioavailabilities were low leading to high dose treatments for observing some biological effects in vivo. Thus, compounds having improved physical properties and similar potency were recently synthesized. However, it is unknown the compounds perform consistent in vitro and in vivo among species. Herein, the results showed that the in vitro potency of some compounds were different among species, especially with dog and cat enzymes. Further, we also described the pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo of different animals. In summary, the inhibitors have different potency and pharmacokinetic profiles among species. With the information, sEHi will be invaluable tools to investigate the role of sEH and eicosanoids in biological systems. This work was supported in part by NIEHS Grant R37 ES02710, NIEHS SBRP Grant P42 ES04699, and NIEHS CEHS Grant P30 ES05707.
Temperature independent low voltage polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (2012)

Blue phases are types of liquid crystal phase which can appear in a narrow temperature range between a chiral nematic phase and isotropic liquid phase. Blue Phase (BP) liquid crystals have been known to exist in a small temperature range. Recently, broadening the temperature range of a BP liquid crystal has occurred by using a mixture of nematic bimesogenic liquid crystals or by polymerizing a small amount of monomer in a BP to stabilize the cubic lattice against temperature variation. In this study, we report a low switching voltage polymer stabilized blue phase (PSBP) liquid crystal device. We showed the stabilization of blue phases over a temperature range of 30.4 °C including room temperature. We observed the temperature independent of Bragg wavelength. Furthermore, the polymer effect on the electo-optic properties of a self assembled nanostructured blue phase liquid crystal composites have been investigated. As well as the ratio between two monomers, the overall monomers concentration is controlled.
REDUCTION OF BURNING TEMPERATURE OF CEMENT CLINKER BY ADJUSTING OF MINERAL COMPOSITION (2012)

セメント産業はエネルギー多消費型産業であり、環境面等の観点から省エネルギー技術の開発が求められている。本研究では、鉱物組成の調整によるクリンカーの焼成温度低減を目的として各鉱物の易焼成および強度発現性を検討した。その結果、各鉱物が易焼成に与える影響はC4AF＞C3A＞C2S＞C3Sであることを確認した。また、C3Sを固定し、C4AFを増加させ、その代わりにC2Sを減らすことで、1,350℃焼成した場合においても易焼成および強度発現性を維持できることがわかった。この結果から鉱物組成の調整において現行よりもクリンカー焼成温度を100℃程度低減できる可能性が確認された。
Managing Expressions as Data in Relational Database Systems (2003)

A wide-range of applications, including Publish/Subscribe, Workflow, and Web-site Personalization, require maintaining user&apos;s interest in expected data as conditional expressions. This paper proposes to manage such expressions as data in Relational Database Systems (RDBMS). This is accomplished 1) by allowing expressions to be stored in a column of a database table and 2) by introducing a SQL EVALUATE operator to evaluate expressions for given data. Expressions when combined with predicates on other forms of data in a database, are just a flexible and powerful way of expressing interest in a data item. The ability to evaluate expressions (via EVALUATE operator) in SQL, enables applications to take advantage of the expressive power of SQL to support complex subscription models. The paper describes the key concepts, presents our approach of managing expressions in Oracle RDBMS, discusses a novel indexing scheme that allows efficient filtering of a large set of expressions, and outlines future directions.