gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictability of real-time systems: a process-algebraic approach (2002)

This paper presents a testing-based semantic preorder that relates real-time systems given in the process description language TPL on the basis of the predictability of their timing behavior. This predictability is measured in terms of the amount of variability present in processes' "activity-completion times". The semantic preorder is shown to coincide with an already existing, well-investigated implementation relation for TPL-the must-preorder. The optimality of our relation is also established by means of a full abstraction result. An example is provided to illustrate the utility of this work.
β-Carboline Alkaloids from the Marine Bryozoan Costaticella hastata (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Carboline Alkaloids from the Marine Bryozoan Costaticella hastataAdrian J. Blackman, David J. Matthews, and Christian K. NarkowiczCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 3, 494–496Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50051a026https://doi.org/10.1021/np50051a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ParkAssistant: An Algorithm for Guiding a Car to a Parking Spot (2016)

Parking search is a major issue in urban areas. Drivers in major cities face a daily struggle in finding parking space, and much of this is due to lack of information about parking rules, parking prices, traffic conditions, and parking availability. As a consequence, drivers often perform inefficient search for a parking space and spend too much time searching, pay too much, or park too far from an intended destination. Inefficient parking search is not a problem only for drivers, it is also increasing traffic congestion and pollution and it causes a distortion of the parking market. Despite the vast technological advances in recent decades, parking search remains fundamentally the same societal problem it has been for almost a century. The objective of this paper is to address this issue by proposing the ParkAssistant, an algorithm that calculates a cruising route that minimizes the expected cost of parking, defined as a mix of price and time to reach the destination. To calculate a good cruising route, the algorithm uses parking information that consists of parking rules, traffic conditions, probabilities of finding an empty parking space, and drivers’ utility function. The authors evaluated ParkAssistant through simulations using real-life parking occupancy data from San Francisco, CA. The results indicate that, as compared to an uninformed driver model, it allows drivers to find parking much faster. The results also show that the quality of ParkAssistant recommendations grows with the quality of parking information the method is provided with
Comparison of primary afferent and glutamate excitation of neurons in the mammalian spinal dorsal horn (2021)

The actions of L-glutamate and agonists, agents blocking their membrane receptors and dorsal root afferent volleys, were compared on intracellularly recorded neuronal activity in an in vitro horizontal slice preparation of the hamster spinal dorsal horn. Bath-applied L- glutamate or L-aspartate (less than or equal to 1 mM) rapidly depolarized and excited less than a third of the dorsal horn neurons sampled. Bathing solutions containing low Ca2+ eliminated synaptic transmission in the slices but failed to block the excitatory effects of L-glutamate for the majority of the neurons tested. N- Acetylaspartylglutamate had no effect on dorsal horn neurons at concentrations up to 1 mM. Neurons excited by L-glutamate were most commonly located in the superficial dorsal horn (laminae I and II). Neurons insensitive to L-glutamate were more broadly distributed, with a number being located in laminae III-V. Kynurenic acid, 2-amino-4- phosphonobutyric acid, and 2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid selectively antagonized rapid, short-lasting synaptic components of the dorsal cord potentials. Kynurenic acid reversibly antagonized intracellularly recorded L-glutamate-induced excitation, spontaneous synaptic potentials, and fast synaptic potentials evoked by dorsal root volleys. Compounds with strong antagonist actions at the NMDA receptor, 2-amino- 5-phosphonovaleric acid and D-alpha-aminoadipic acid, were much less effective in suppressing the effects of L-glutamate or in blocking synaptic potentials. We conclude that a subset of spinal neurons directly excited by dorsal root fibers have excitatory membrane receptors activated by L-glutamate. This conclusion is consistent with the concept that L-glutamate or a substance binding to the receptors it activates is released from the central terminals of some primary afferent fibers and mediates fast synaptic transmission from them to certain spinal neurons in the dorsal horn.
Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Surface Modified LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>by Li-Fe Composites for Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries (2010)

The surface modified <TEX>$LiMn_2O_4$</TEX> materials with Li-Fe composites were prepared by a sol-gel method to improve the electrochemical performance of <TEX>$LiMn_2O_4$</TEX> and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-EDS. XRD results indicate that all the samples (modified and pristine samples) have cubic spinel structures, and XRD, XPS, and TEM-EDS data reveal the formation of <TEX>$Li(Li_xFe_xMn_{2-2x})O_4$</TEX> solid solution on the surface of particles. For the electrochemical properties, the modified material demonstrated dramatically enhanced reversibility and stability even at elevated temperature. These improvements are attributed to the formation of the solid solution, and thus-formed solid solution phase on the surface of <TEX>$LiMn_2O_4$</TEX> particle reduces the dissolution of Mn ion and suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect.
Reconfigurable Model-Based Test Program Generator for Microprocessors (2011)

Automatic generation and simulation of test programs is known to be the main means for verifying microprocessors. The problem is that test program generators for new designs are often developed from scratch with little reuse of well-tried components. State-of-the-art tools, like Genesys-Pro and RAVEN, meet the challenge by using a model-based approach, where a microprocessor model is separated from a platform-independent generation core. However, there is still a problem. Developing a microprocessor model is rather difficult and usually requires deep knowledge of the inner-core structure and interfaces. In this paper, we describe a concept of a reconfigurable test program generator being customized with the help of architecture specifications and configuration files, which describe parameters of the microprocessor subsystems (pipeline, memory, and others). The suggested approach eases the model development and makes it possible to apply the model-based testing in the early design stages when the microprocessor architecture is frequently modified.
Identification of an Antihypertensive Peptide from Casein Hydrolysate Produced by a Proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790 (1996)

Casein hydrolysate, produced by an extracellular proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790, was fractionated by two-step reverse-phase HPLC. Only one fraction showed antihypertensive activity as measured by systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats after oral administration. Ten peptides in the fraction were further purified and identified by analysis of amino acid sequences. Each identified peptide was chemically synthesized, and the antihypertensive activity of each peptide was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The synthetic peptide with a sequence of Lys-Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln, found in beta-casein, indicated strong antihypertensive activity from 2 to 10 h after oral administration of 2 mg of peptide/kg of BW, and the effect was maximal at 6 h after oral administration (-31.5 +/- 5.6 mm Hg). Moreover, the antihypertensive effect of the peptide was dependent on the dosage of peptide from 0.5 to 2 mg of peptide/kg of BW. Interestingly, the antihypertensive peptide showed lower inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, but the activity was increased after pancreatin digestion.
Fracture mechanics based fatigue life estimation of axial compressor blade (2016)

Axial flow compressors are used in various power plants employing gas turbine engines. The engine components usually experience fatigue damage due to many cycles of stress reversals as well as defects. It is necessary to predict the life of such components subjected to dynamic loadings and also to investigate allowable crack size present in the components to avoid sudden failure of system. To assess the fatigue crack propagation quantitatively, basic fatigue life estimation is carried out theoretically for failure in both high and low stress regions in axial compressor rotor. Under different damage spectra, the engine components have different fatigue life depending upon the size, location and stress levels at flaw location. As first iteration, fatigue life of axial compressor rotor of AA 2618 material, through crack propagation phenomenon is studied analytically employing finite element analysis of component without flaw. Various theories regarding fatigue life are used to estimate crack growth in components. Paris law used in this study predicts the life of component by integrating initial and final flaw size, calculating rate of crack growth as a function of cycles. Rate of crack growth as a function of cycles is dependent to the stress intensity factor range for a particular material. In second iteration, crack propagation and fatigue life estimation is carried out through finite element analysis by introducing crack in finite element model at middle of the blade height. Study resulted in estimation of critical crack length and life of component in the presence of crack. Also abrupt rise in stress levels due to various sizes of geometric discontinuities (crack) are recorded.
Systolic like soft-detection architecture for 4×4 64-QAM MIMO system (2009)

MIMO systems (with multiple transmit and receive antennas) are becoming increasingly popular, and many next-generation systems such as WiMAX, 3-GPP LTE and IEEE802.11n wireless LANs rely on the increased throughput of MIMO systems with up to four antennas at receiver and transmitter. High throughput implementation of the detection unit for MIMO systems is a significant challenge especially for higher order modulation schemes. To achieve superior Bit Error Rate(BER) or Frame Error Rate (FER) performance, the detector has to provide soft values to advanced Forward Error Correction (FEC) schemes like Turbo Codes. This paper presents a systolic soft detector architecture for high dimensional(eg. 4×4, 64-QAM) MIMO systems. A Single detector core achieves, throughput of 215Mbps and power consumption of 23.6mW, whiles using only 33.1K gate equivalent(for l2 norm). Impressive SNR gains of almost 2dB are observed with respect to the hard detection counterpart over a block fading channel(at an FER of 1%). Additionally, the architecture can be stacked to give linear increase in throughput with linear increase in hardware resources.
A static optimization approach to assess dynamic available transfer capability (2000)

This paper deals with the development of a nonlinear programming methodology for evaluating available transfer capability. The main feature of the approach is the capability to treat static and dynamic security constraints in a unique integrated piece of software. The algorithm has been implemented and tested on an actual power system.
Non-linear optical frequency conversion crystals for space applications (2011)

Reliable, long term operation of high-power laser systems in the Earth orbit is not a straightforward task as the space environment entails various risks for optical surfaces and bulk materials. The increased operational risk is, among others, due to the presence of high energy radiation penetrating the metallic shielding of satellites and inducing absorption centers in the bulk of optical components, and vacuum exposure which can deteriorate coating performance. Comprehensive testing for analyzing high-energy radiation effects and mitigation procedures were performed on a set of frequency conversion crystals and are discussed in this paper. In addition to a general resistance to space environmental effects, the frequency conversion crystals were subjected to a comparative analysis on optimum third harmonic efficiency, starting from pulsed 1064 nm laser radiation, with the goal of exceeding a value of 30%. Concomitant modeling supported the selection of crystal parameters and the definition of crystal dimensions.
Use of the upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor concept for biological wastewater treatment, especially for anaerobic treatment (1980)

Abstract In recent years considerable effort has been made in the Netherlands toward the development of a more sophisticated anaerobic treatment process, suitable for treating low a strength wastes and for applications at liquid detention times of 3–4 hr. The efforts have resulted in new type of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process, which in recent 6 m 3 pilot‐plant experiments has shown to be capable of handling organic space loads of 15–40 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)·m −3 /day at 3–8 hr liquid detention times. In the first 200 m 3 full‐scale plant of the UASB concept, organic space loadings of up to 16 kg COD·m −3 /day could be treated satisfactorily at a detention times of 4 hr, using sugar beet waste as feed. The main results obtained with the process in the laboratory as well as in 6 m 3 pilot plant and 200 m 3 full‐scale experiments are presented and evaluated in this paper. Special attention is given to the main operating characteristics of the UASB reactor concept. Moreover, some preliminary results are presented of laboratory experiments concerning the use of the USB reactor concept for denitrification as well as for the acid formation step in anaerobic treatment. For both purposes the process looks feasible because very satisfactory results with respect to denitrification and acid formation can be achieved at very high hydraulic loads (12 day −1 ) and high organic loading rates, i.e., 20 kg COD·m −3 /day in the denitrification and 60–80 kg COD·m −3 /day in the acid formation experiments.
Achieving a safe culture: Theory and practice (1998)

Abstract This paper discusses four topics relating to safety culture, three theoretical and one practical. The first considers why it is that an unsafe culture is more likely to be involved in the causation of organizational rather than individual accidents. It is the pervasive nature of culture that makes it uniquely suitable for creating and sustaining the co-linear gaps in defences-in-depth through which an accident trajectory has to pass. The second topic relates to pathological adaptations, and discusses two examples: the Royal Navy of the mid-nineteenth century and the Chernobyl reactor complex. The third issue deals with recurrent accident patterns and considers the role of cultural drivers in creating typical accidents. The final topic is concerned with the practical question of whether a safety culture can be engineered. It is argued that a safe culture is an informed culture and this, in turn, depends upon creating an effective reporting culture that is underpinned by a just culture in which the line between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour is clearly drawn and understood.
An Efficient Method for Calculation of the Electromagnetic Scattering from 3D Objects Embedded in Lossy Medium (2012)

In order to overcome the difficulties of the conventional two-level discrete complex image method(2-DCIM) in calculating the Sommerfeld integrals(SI) in the lossy medium,the interpolation method that is based on the enhanced discrete complex image method(E-DCIM) is presented.When the points of the field and source are located in different sides of the interface,the complex image parameters can not be derived by the 2-DCIM at one time for the spectral green functions are treated as independent on the field,then the one-dimensional interpolation table of the complex images related to the source point is established in order to calculate the parameters of the complex images;When the points of the field and source are both embedded in the lossy medium,the way of conventional DCIM will lead to wrong results.In order to avoid this error,the spectral green functions are reformulated to be suitable for the calculation in the lossy medium.In order to enlarge the transverse distance,the way of the E-DCIM is adopted to fit the parameters of the complex image.Compared to the traditional method,the proposed method reduces the complexity,at the same time,the efficiency and accuracy are improved too.
Feedforward amplifier for WCDMA base stations with a new adaptive control method (2003)

This paper describes a feedforward amplifier with a new adaptive control method. For the modulated signal with a high peak-to-average ratio, the residual output error level of the feedforward amplifier can be further reduced by adjusting the 1st loop control parameters to have an imperfect signal cancellation since an error amplifier generates less distortion in the case. For verification, a baseband signal simulation and experiments have been performed. A 30 W feedforward amplifier for WCDMA base stations at 2.14 GHz shows a 4 dB improvement of linearization when it is controlled by the proposed method.
A joint physics-based statistical deformable model for multimodal brain image analysis (2001)

A probabilistic deformable model for the representation of multiple brain structures is described. The statistically learned deformable model represents the relative location of different anatomical surfaces in brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and accommodates their significant variability across different individuals. The surfaces of each anatomical structure are parameterized by the amplitudes of the vibration modes of a deformable spherical mesh. For a given MRI in the training set, a vector containing the largest vibration modes describing the different deformable surfaces is created. This random vector is statistically constrained by retaining the most significant variation modes of its Karhunen-Loève expansion on the training population. By these means, the conjunction of surfaces are deformed according to the anatomical variability observed in the training set. Two applications of the joint probabilistic deformable model are presented: isolation of the brain from MRI using the probabilistic constraints embedded in the model and deformable model-based registration of three-dimensional multimodal (magnetic resonance/single photon emission computed tomography) brain images without removing nonbrain structures. The multi-object deformable model may be considered as a first step toward the development of a general purpose probabilistic anatomical atlas of the brain.
Evaluating selenium poisoning. (2006)

Selenium poisoning in humans is reviewed from the perspective of the clinical laboratory. While evaluation of selenium poisoning is straightforward when the analytic results are markedly elevated and the patient is acutely symptomatic, distinguishing toxic from non-toxic elevations is a more frequent issue and more challenging. A significant problem is that selenium is determined as its total concentration in spite of the fact that different chemical forms of selenium have different toxic potentials. In the published reports reviewed herein, serum selenium concentrations span the following ranges: 400-30,000 micro g/L associated with acute toxicity, 500-1400 micro g/L associated with chronic toxicity, and <1400 micro g/L free of toxicity; the category is determined by signs and symptoms in the patient. Most reports that describe acute selenium poisoning involve ingestion of inorganic compounds such as selenious acid, found in gun-bluing agents, and fatalities that occur within the first day are associated with postmortem blood selenium levels >1400 micro g/L. Tissue selenium levels show a complex pattern and significant elevations in organs such as kidney are not always indicative of toxicity. As with many trace elements, measuring selenium concentrations in body fluids and tissues tends to be easier than understanding what the results mean.
Circulant Preconditioned Toeplitz Least Squares Iterations (1994)

The authors consider the solution of least squares problems min $\| b - Tx \|_2 $ by the preconditioned conjugate gradient method, for m-by-n complex Toeplitz matrices T of rank n. A circulant preconditioner C is derived using the T. Chars optimal preconditioner on n-by-n Toeplitz row blocks of T. For Toeplitz T that are generated by $2\pi $-periodic continuous complex-valued functions without any zeros, the authors prove that the singular values of the preconditioned matrix $TC^{ - 1} $ are clustered around 1, for sufficiently large n. The paper shows that if the condition number of T is of $O( n^\alpha ),\,\alpha > 0$, then the least squares conjugate gradient method converges in at most $O( cd\alpha \log n + 1 )$ steps. Since each iteration requires only $O( m\log n )$ operations using the Fast Fourier Transform, it follows that the total complexity of the algorithm is then only $O( \alpha m\log ^2 n + m\log n )$. Conditions for superlinear convergence are given and regularization techniques leading to superlinear convergence for least squares computations with ill-conditioned Toeplitz matrices arising from inverse problems are derived. Numerical examples are provided illustrating the effectiveness of the authors’ methods.
Audio spatio-temporal fingerprints for cloudless real-time hands-free diarization on mobile devices (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new low bit rate representation of a sound field and a new method for the corresponding cloudless low delay hands-free diarization suitable for low-performance mobile devices, e.g. mobile phones. The proposed audio spatio-temporal fingerprint representation results in low bit rate (500 bytes/second), however contains complete information about continuous audio tracking of multiple acoustic sources in an open, unconstrained environment. The core of the algorithm is based on simultaneous multiple data stream processing using audio spatio-temporal fingerprint representation to cover higher level events relevant for diarization, e.g. turns, interruptions, crosstalk, speech and non-speech segments. Performance levels achieved to date on 5 hours of hand-labelled datasets have shown the feasibility of the approach at the same time as resulting in 7.58% CPU load on 1-core ultra-low-power mobile processor running at 1 GHz and low algorithmic delay of 112 ms.