gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconciling similar sets of data (2015)

In this work, we consider the problem of synchronizing two sets of data where the size of the symmetric difference between the sets is small and, in addition, the elements in the symmetric difference are related. In this introductory work, the elements within the symmetric difference are related through the Hamming distance metric. Upper and lower bounds are derived on the minimum amount of information exchange. Furthermore, explicit encoding and decoding algorithms are provided for special cases.
Highly efficient all‐nitride phosphor‐converted white light emitting diode (2005)

Abstract The development and demonstration of a highly efficient warm‐white all‐nitride phosphor‐converted light emitting diode (pc‐LED) is presented utilizing a GaN based quantum well blue LED and two novel nitrogen containing luminescent materials, both of which are doped with Eu 2+ . For color conversion of the primary blue the nitridosilicates M 2 Si 5 N 8 (orange‐red) and MSi 2 O 2 N 2 (yellow‐green), with M = alkaline earth, were employed, thus achieving a high luminous efficiency (25 lumen/W at 1 W input), excellent color quality (correlated color temperature CCT = 3200 K, general color rendering index Ra > 90) and the highest proven color stability of any pc‐LED obtained so far. Thus, these novel all‐nitride LEDs are superior to both incandescent and fluorescent lamps and may therefore become the next generation of general lighting sources. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective Coagulant Recovery from Water Treatment Plant Residuals Using the Domain Membrane Process (2004)

Abstract Let us consider solutions of aluminum sulfate (feed) and sulfuric acid (recovery) in a Donnan membrane cell divided into two chambers by a cation‐exchange membrane that allows only cations to migrate from one side to the other but rejects any passage of anions according to Donnan's co‐ion exclusion principle (9). At equilibrium, the electrochemical potential of aluminum ion Al 3+ ion ( ) in the feed solution will be the same as that in the recovery solution for both aluminum and hydrogen ions, which corresponds to the following Donnan equilibrium condition: urn:x-wiley:9780471478447:media:mw1760:xm2 If the ratio is 10, it means is 1000 times greater than . Thus, by maintaining high hydrogen ion concentration in the recovery solution, aluminum ions can be driven from the feed to the recovery side even against a positive concentration gradient, i.e., from a lower concentration region to a higher concentration one.
Automatic Classification System of Electric Parts Focused on Periodicity of Leads (2015)

Positioning and inspection methods by image processing are necessary for surface mount technology to mount various surface mount devices (parts) onto PCBs. The positioning and inspection methods are prepared for each category of parts. The category of the parts is usually chosen by manual operation based on the experience and intuition of a worker, this means that ambiguity will be included. Our research focused on connectors that had low automatic classification rate in previous research. We are proposing a method by using SVM with HLAC features on power spectrum images to detect the region of lead groups in part images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has improved classification performance of the connectors (115 samples) from 40.0[%] to 91.3[%]. For all kinds of parts (748 samples), classification performance has improved from 89.2[%] to 96.0[%].
Microfabrication and Self-Assembly of 3D Microboxes for Biomedical Applications (2006)

This paper reports a novel method for fabricating three dimensional (3D) metallic micropatterned boxes by self-assembly of two dimensional (2D) precursors. A 3D micropatterned device has several advantages over its two dimensional (2D) counterpart—a larger surface area to volume ratio, thereby maximizing interactions with the surrounding medium and providing space to mount different electromechanical modules, and a finite volume allowing encapsulation of functional elements. The microboxes can be constructed in different sizes with perforations on either one or on all faces. We demonstrate encapsulation of gels and polymers within the boxes, and release of chemicals by heating. We envision the use of these boxes in cellular encapsulation and remote release of drugs and biological media in-vitro and in-vivo.
Synthesizers’ phase noise in frequency-domain fluorometry (1989)

The influence on the final phase and amplitude determination of the phase noise of frequency synthesizers used in frequency-domain fluorometry is analyzed. It is shown that the phase noise exactly cancels out due to the differential method used for the phase measurement. The only consequence of the phase noise is the detuning of the cross-correlation frequency with respect to the center of the filter used to analyze the cross-correlation signal. This detuning can have severe adverse effects on the phase and modulation values. By using higher values of the cross-correlation frequency, these effects can be minimized. The performance of different synthesizers is tested and compared. The results support the general prediction that the noise of the synthesizer has little influence on the phase noise of actual measurements.
Information coding and retrieving using fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals for object identification (2004)

The spectral features, i.e., wavelength and intensity, of fluorescence generated from semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) can be used for coding information. Unlike the 1-D and 2-D barcodes, the information carrier is applied to a very small area and hardly visible. The information retrieving by a fluorospectrometer is not subjected to the changes of rotation and scale. A de-convolution-based algorithm is used to separate the overlapped spectral profiles. This technology can be applied to small products labeling, document security and object identification.
A self-calibrating fiber optic probe for tissue optical spectroscopy (2008)

Calibration of diffuse reflectance spectrum for instrument response and time-dependent fluctuation is complicated, time-consuming and potentially inaccurate. We demonstrate a novel fiber optic probe with real-time, self-calibration capability that can be used for tissue spectroscopy.
SBS limitation on a spectrum-sliced fiber-amplifier light source (1995)

Recently, we proposed a spectrum-sliced fiber-amplifier light source for multichannel WDM systems.1 The high-power ASE from an EDFA, which is already in the single-mode fiber, could be efficiently divided into many channels by using integrated-optic WDM demultiplexers.2 Thus, this spectrum-sliced ASE could be used as a light source for WDM systems in place of several wavelength-selected DFB lasers. To demonstrate the principle, we showed that the spectrum-sliced ASE source could be used for transmission of 1.7-Gbit/s data. The application of these light sources is not limited to local-loop networks. In this paper we show that when the spectrum-sliced fiber-amplifier light source is used, it is possible to launch high optical power (>22 dBm) into the single-mode optical fiber without the limitation imposed by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)
<i>In vitro and in vivo</i> efficacy of anti‐chikungunya virus monoclonal antibodies produced in wild‐type and glycoengineered <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants (2019)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, and its infection can cause long-term debilitating arthritis in humans. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for human use to combat CHIKV infections. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using an anti-CHIKV monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced in wild-type (WT) and glycoengineered (∆XFT) Nicotiana benthamiana plants in treating CHIKV infection in a mouse model. CHIKV mAb was efficiently expressed and assembled in plant leaves and enriched to homogeneity by a simple purification scheme. While mAb produced in ∆XFT carried a single N-glycan species at the Fc domain, namely GnGn structures, WT produced mAb exhibited a mixture of N-glycans including the typical plant GnGnXF<sub>3</sub> glycans, accompanied by incompletely processed and oligomannosidic structures. Both WT and ∆XFT plant-produced mAbs demonstrated potent in vitro neutralization activity against CHIKV. Notably, both mAb glycoforms showed in vivo efficacy in a mouse model, with a slight increased efficacy by the ∆XFT-produced mAbs. This is the first report of the efficacy of plant-produced mAbs against CHIKV, which demonstrates the ability of using plants as an effective platform for production of functionally active CHIKV mAbs and implies optimization of in vivo activity by controlling Fc glycosylation.
CALIBRATION METHODS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE MICROWAVE SENSING OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND BULK DENSITY OF GRANULAR MATERIALS (2004)

The principles of a nondestructive multiparameter microwave sensor operating at a single frequency are presented.Two calibration methods are reviewed and compared for simultaneous, independent determination of bulk density andmoisture content in granular materials. The first calibration method is based on measurement of attenuation and phase shiftthrough a layer of material in free space. The attenuation and phase shift were used to determine simultaneously bulk densityand moisture content, and the attenuation-to-phase ratio was used to determine moisture content independent of bulk densitychanges. For the second calibration method, relationships are established between the dielectric properties and bulk densityand moisture content. The dielectric properties were used to determine simultaneously bulk density and moisture content, anda calibration function, expressed in terms of these properties, was used to determine moisture content independent of bulkdensity. In addition, a complex-plane representation of the dielectric properties provided bulk density independent of temperatureand moisture content. Performance of these calibration methods in predicting bulk density and moisture content wascompared for wheat, corn, and soybeans at 10.0 GHz at room temperature. Bulk density and moisture content calibrationequations are given for each material along with corresponding standard errors of calibration.
Deposition of CuInS<sub>2</sub> Thin Films Using Copper- and Indium/Sulfide-Containing Precursors through a Two-Stage MOCVD Method (2006)

Copper indium disulfide (CuInS2; CIS) films were deposited on various substrates by two-stage metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at relatively mild conditions, using Cu- and In/S-containing precursors without toxic H2S gas: first, a pure Cu thin film was prepared on glass or indium/tin oxide glass substrates by using a single-source precursor, bis(ethylbutyrylacetato)copper(II) or bis(ethylisobutyrylacetato)copper(II); second, on the resulting Cu film, tris(N,N-ethylbutyldithiocarbamato)indium(III) was treated to produce CIS films by a MOCVD method at 430 degrees C. In this process, their thicknesses and stoichiometries were found to be elaborately controlled on demand by adjusting the process conditions. The optical band gap of the stoichiometric CIS film was about 1.41 eV, which is in the near-optimal range for harvesting solar radiation energy.
Advances in nanostructured permanent magnets research (2012)

This paper reviews recent developments in research in nanostructured permanent magnets (hard magnetic materials) with emphasis on bottom-up approaches to fabrication of hard/soft nanocomposite bulk magnets. Theoretical and experimental findings on the effects of soft phase and interface conditions on interphase exchange interactions are given. Synthesis techniques for hard magnetic nanoparticles, including chemical solution methods, surfactant-assisted ball milling and other physical deposition methods are reviewed. Processing and magnetic properties of warm compacted and plastically deformed bulk magnets with nanocrystalline morphology are discussed. Prospects of producing bulk anisotropic hard/soft nanocomposite magnets are presented.
Fast Torsional Artificial Muscles from NiTi Twisted Yarns (2017)

Torsional artificial muscles made of multiwalled carbon nanotube/niobium nanowire yarns have shown remarkable torsional speed and gravimetric torque. The muscle structure consists of a twisted yarn with half of its length infiltrated with a stimuli-responsive guest material such as paraffin wax. The volumetric expansion of the guest material creates the torsional actuation in the yarn. In the present work, we show that this type of actuation is not unique to wax-infiltrated carbon multiwalled nanotube (MWCNT) or niobium nanowire yarns and that twisted yarn of NiTi alloy fibers also produces fast torsional actuation. By gold-plating half the length of a NiTi twisted yarn and Joule heating it, we achieved a fully reversible torsional actuation of up to 16°/mm with peak torsional speed of 10 500 rpm and gravimetric torque of 8 N·m/kg. These results favorably compare to those of MWCNTs and niobium nanowire yarns.
Optimal cardiac phase in prospectively gated axial cardiac CT scans (2018)

To improve temporal resolution in prospectively gated axial cardiac CT scans, short scan (half-scan, partial scan) is used for image reconstruction. While some vendors offer scanners with 16cm collimation, capable of collecting entire heart data in a single rotation, the majority of routine cardiac scans are still done with 4cm collimation. In case of a prospective axial cardiac scanning, four or more axial acquisitions are performed at staggered patient table positions to cover the entire heart. At each acquisition, raw data is collected at the prescribed phase of cardiac R-R interval with the range of the x-ray source angles covering one or less than one rotation. If this angle range is greater than what is required for a short scan reconstruction, it allows some room for optimizing the reconstruction phase. Often, such optimization is done by manually reviewing images at slightly different reconstruction phase angles, and selecting the images with the least pronounced motion artifacts. Considering there are at least four acquisitions for each prospective cardiac scan, this may become a tedious time-consuming process. This paper proposes an automated process to select the best short-scan view range within full rotation acquisitions that minimizes motion artifacts at each table position. The proposed method was tested with a motion phantom which was connected to an ECG simulator and clinical cardiac data. Results show that the proposed method reliably provides reduction of motion artifact in reconstructed images.
Power fluctuation minimization in grid connected photovoltaic using supercapacitor energy storage system (2016)

In this paper, an efficient control is proposed and implemented to minimize the power fluctuation of grid connected photovoltaic (PV) with supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS). The SCESS is used to minimize the power fluctuation caused by changes in temperature and irradiation. The optimal size of the SCESS and its control strategy are developed for continuously charging and discharging SCESS to achieve its objectives. Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System is developed in real time using dSPACE to generate the maximum power from the PV system. The SCESS is integrated with the system through a bi-directional buck boost converter. The system model and the control strategy have been developed in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) that consists of PV array, buck converter, buck-boost converter, and voltage source converter (VSC). To transfer the available DC power to the grid, an independent P-Q control is proposed and implemented for the VSC. The proposed controller is examined through hardware in the loop setup using RTDS and dSPACE 1104 controller. Furthermore, the superiority of the proposed approach has been confirmed by comparing the results with those reported in the literature.
Optimizing schema-last tuple-store queries in graphd (2010)

Current relational databases require that a database schema exist prior to data entry and require manual optimization for best performance. We describe the query optimization techniques used by graphd, the schema-last, automatically indexed tuple-store which supports freebase.com, a large world-writable database. Graphd is a log-structured store with a query optimizer based on a functional operator tree over the domain of sorted integer sets which accumulate naturally as tuples are appended to the store. We demonstrate that a set-based optimizer can deliver performance that is roughly comparable to traditional RDBMS query optimization techniques applied to a fixed schema.
Scalable synthesis of a sulfur nanosponge cathode for a lithium–sulfur battery with improved cyclability (2014)

Here we report a liquid-based, low-cost and reliable synthesis method of a lithium–sulfur composite cathode with improved cyclability.
Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films (2015)

This procedure describes a method for the fabrication of large-area and ultrathin free-standing polymer films. Typically, ultrathin films are prepared using either sacrificial layers, which may damage the film or affect its mechanical properties, or they are made on freshly cleaved mica, a substrate that is difficult to scale. Further, the size of ultrathin film is typically limited to a few square millimeters. In this method, we modify a surface with a polyelectrolyte that alters the strength of adhesion between polymer and deposition substrate. The polyelectrolyte can be shown to remain on the wafer using spectroscopy, and a treated wafer can be used to produce multiple films, indicating that at best minimal amounts of the polyelectrolyte are added to the film. The process has thus far been shown to be limited in scalability only by the size of the coating equipment, and is expected to be readily scalable to industrial processes. In this study, the protocol for making the solutions, preparing the deposition surface, and producing the films is described.
A Thick Origami Reconfigurable and Packable Patch Array With Enhanced Beam Steering (2020)

This article presents the first foldable thick-origami based antenna array made of a single nonflexible (rigid) printed circuit board (PCB), which can be easily fabricated using a standard milling machine. The foldability of the design is achieved using a surrogate hinge architecture that allows the array to fold in a range of almost 360°, without showing any mechanical or electromagnetic (EM) failure even after 5000 folding cycles of complete angular deflection (±180°). The proposed physically reconfigurable antenna array consists of four patches that are differentially fed and a surrogate hinge at its center. As the array changes from its planar to its non-planar state, it shows improved beam steering capabilities for scan angles greater than 35°. The array is designed on a 1.5 mm thick, low-cost FR4 substrate with overall dimensions of 250 × 102 mm and an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz.
Improved strains for production of xanthan gum by fermentation ofXanthomonas campestris (1989)

Two classes of mutants ofXanthomonas campestris B1459 were isolated that accumulate more xanthan gum than the parental wild-type in culture broths of shake flask cultures and both batch and fed-batch fermentations. The first mutant class was resistant to the antibiotic rifampicin and accumulated, on average, about 20% more xanthan gum than wild-type. The second mutant class, a derivative of the first, was resistant to both bacitracin and rifampicin, and accumulated about 10% more xanthan than its parent. On a weight basis, the viscosities of the polysaccharides made by each strain were not distinguishable. Only a subset of the drug-resistant mutants were overproducers of xanthan. The biochemical basis for the overproduction of xanthan by the mutant strains has not been determined. Both new strains served as recipients for recombinant plasmids bearing ‘xanthan’ genes and further augmented the effects of multiple copies of those genes on xanthan productivity.
6-Aryl-8<i>H</i>-indeno[1,2-<i>d</i>]thiazol-2-ylamines:  A<sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptor Agonist Allosteric Enhancers Having Improved Potency (2005)

Allosteric enhancers (AEs) of the A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR) have potential as drugs for treating neurological, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. This report describes the synthesis and evaluation of a series of 6-aryl-8H-indeno[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamines that exhibited AE activity at the A(1)AR. Palladium-mediated condensation of arylboronic acids with 5-bromoindan-1-one generated arylindanones 2a-aj for iodine-catalyzed condensation with thiourea, generating 2-aminothiazolium salts 3a-aj. Binding studies using membranes from cells stably expressing human A(1)ARs, A(2A)ARs, or A(3)ARs evaluated AE activity and receptor subtype selectivity. The EC(50) of the AE activities of compounds 3m-o, 3x, and 3ae were 2.2, 1.5, 0.9, 1.0, and 3.0 muM, respectively, substantially lower than that of the well characterized 2-amino-3-aroylthiophene (PD 81,723), >10 microM. The new compounds also have substantially higher maximal AE activity. These compounds had no AE activity at the A(2A)AR and only minimal activity at the A(3)AR.
Clock mesh synthesis with gated local trees and activity driven register clustering (2012)

A clock mesh network synthesis method is proposed which enables clock gating on the local sub-trees in order to reduce the clock power dissipation. Clock gating is performed with a register clustering strategy that considers both i) the similarity of switching activities between registers in a local area and ii) the timing slack on every local data path in the design. This is the first work known in literature that encapsulates the efficient implementation of the gated local trees and activity driven register clustering with timing slack awareness for clock mesh synthesis. Experimental results show that with gated local tree and activity driven register clustering, the switching capacitance on the mesh network can be reduced by 22% with limited skew degradation. The proposed method has two synthesis modes as low power mode and high performance mode to serve different design purposes.
Investigation of Membrane Protein Interactions Using the Split-Ubiquitin Membrane Yeast Two-Hybrid System (2011)

Proteins are generally organized into molecular complexes, in which multiple interaction partners collaborate to carry out cellular processes. Thus, techniques to map protein-protein interactions have become pivotal for biological studies of as yet uncharacterized proteins. Investigation of interaction partners of membrane proteins is of special interest, as they play a major role in cellular processes and are often directly linked to human diseases. Owing to their hydrophobic nature, however, it has proven difficult to study their interaction partners. To circumvent this problem, a yeast-based genetic technology for the in vivo detection of membrane protein interactions, the split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) system, has been developed. MYTH allows for detection of both stable and transient interactions and can be applied to large- and small-scale screens. It uses the split-ubiquitin approach, in which the reconstitution of two ubiquitin halves is mediated by a specific protein-protein interaction. Briefly, the bait membrane protein is fused to the C-terminal half of ubiquitin and an artificial transcription factor. The mutated N-terminal moiety of ubiquitin is fused to the prey protein. Upon interaction of bait and prey proteins, ubiquitin is reconstituted and further recognized by ubiquitin-specific proteases, which subsequently cleave off the transcription factor, thus resulting in reporter gene activation. To date, MYTH has been successfully applied to study interactions of membrane proteins from various organisms and has only recently been adapted for the identification of interaction partners of mammalian receptor tyrosine kinases.