gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trafficking Kinesin Protein (TRAK)-mediated Transport of Mitochondria in Axons of Hippocampal Neurons (2011)

In neurons, the proper distribution of mitochondria is essential because of a requirement for high energy and calcium buffering during synaptic neurotransmission. The efficient, regulated transport of mitochondria along axons to synapses is therefore crucial for maintaining function. The trafficking kinesin protein (TRAK)/Milton family of proteins comprises kinesin adaptors that have been implicated in the neuronal trafficking of mitochondria via their association with the mitochondrial protein Miro and kinesin motors. In this study, we used gene silencing by targeted shRNAi and dominant negative approaches in conjunction with live imaging to investigate the contribution of endogenous TRAKs, TRAK1 and TRAK2, to the transport of mitochondria in axons of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. We report that both strategies resulted in impairing mitochondrial mobility in axonal processes. Differences were apparent in terms of the contribution of TRAK1 and TRAK2 to this transport because knockdown of TRAK1 but not TRAK2 impaired mitochondrial mobility, yet both TRAK1 and TRAK2 were shown to rescue transport impaired by TRAK1 gene knock-out. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time the pivotal contribution of the endogenous TRAK family of kinesin adaptors to the regulation of mitochondrial mobility.
Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates myofibrildevelopment and decreases smooth muscle alpha-actin of adultcardiomyocytes. (1994)

Adult rat cardiomyocytes in long-term culture express type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. In contrast to insulin receptors, type 1 IGF receptors are up-regulated during culturing. IGF-I added to the cells at plating increased granular density and pseudopodia number per cell after 7 days. After 16 days, IGF-I-treated cells showed, as compared with controls, a dramatic increase of the number of newly built sarcomeres and were packed with myofibrils. At the same time, IGF-I suppressed the accumulation of smooth muscle alpha-actin (sm-alpha-actin) in a dose-dependent manner. Under the conditions of this in vitro system, growth hormone had no effect on cell morphology or sm-alpha-actin. sm-alpha-Actin, a nonsarcomeric isoform of actin expressed in early fetal cardiac development, reappears both during long-term culture of adult rat cardiomyocytes and during heart hypertrophy. This study shows that type 1 IGF receptors are up-regulated in adult rat cardiomyocytes in long-term culture and that IGF-I enhances myofibril development and concomitantly down-regulates sm-alpha-actin. This protein forms stress-fiber-like structures and may temporarily serve as a scaffold for the formation of new sarcomeres until myofibrils have developed throughout the cell and the scaffold is no longer needed. Our findings thus allow us to propose another hypothesis for the mechanism leading to overload heart hypertrophy.
Improved method for direct PCR amplification from whole blood (1992)

Journal Article Improved method for direct PCR amplification from whole blood Get access Jonathan McCusker, Jonathan McCusker National Diagnostics Centre, University College GalwayIreland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael T. Dawson, Michael T. Dawson National Diagnostics Centre, University College GalwayIreland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Noone, David Noone National Diagnostics Centre, University College GalwayIreland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank Gannon, Frank Gannon National Diagnostics Centre, University College GalwayIreland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Terry Smith Terry Smith National Diagnostics Centre, University College GalwayIreland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 24, 25 December 1992, Page 6747, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.24.6747 Published: 25 December 1992 Article history Received: 14 October 1992 Revision received: 23 November 1992 Accepted: 23 November 1992 Published: 25 December 1992
The identification and management of anorectal anomalies. The factors ensuring continence. (1976)

In this paper, anorectal anomalies are classified according to a scheme devised at an international conference of 200 paediatric surgeons in 1970 in Melbourne, Australia. The classification is based upon the pathological anatomy of each type in relation to the sphincters available for reconstruction. A diagnostic plan of identification of each type is presented; this is based upon accurate observations of the external clinical appearance, the site and type of orifice, and the presence or absence of meconium in the urine. Extension of the detailed diagnosis is obtained with radiological studies - gas shadows in the inverted position and radio-opaque dye studies in the various orifices. The errors of interpretation of these investigations are discussed. The objective of surgery is a continent anus. The achievement of continence depends on several factors: (i) accurate pre-operative assessment of the anomaly and the available sphincters, with their nerve supply (ii) an operative technique which positively identifies the sphincters, and preserves them intact and undamaged (iii) supervision of the post-operative management, including gentle dilatation of the puborectalis muscle, avoidance of constipation, and advice on training. The various operative techniques for both high and low anomalies are described.
Localized Microwave Field Generation for Perpendicular Recording at Deep Subcoercivity (2006)

In this paper we present a scheme for generating the localized ac field at a wide range of ultra-high frequencies. This scheme enables microwave generation over a broad frequency range without any externally applied bias field. At adequate current level, the magnetization oscillation can be virtually in the film plane, producing maximum microwave field to the recording media.
Detection of a Phenylalanine Aminomutase in Cell-Free Extracts of<i>Taxus brevifolia</i>and Preliminary Characterization of Its Reaction (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDetection of a Phenylalanine Aminomutase in Cell-Free Extracts of Taxus brevifolia and Preliminary Characterization of Its ReactionKevin D. Walker and Heinz G. FlossView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Box 351700 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 21, 5333–5334Publication Date (Web):May 12, 1998Publication History Received10 February 1998Published online12 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980457xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980457xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrogen,Monomers,Nitrogen,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Critical state of periodically arranged superconducting-strip lines in perpendicular fields (1996)

Analytical investigations of the critical state are carried out for strip-array systems, in which thin superconducting strip lines parallel to the xy plane are arranged periodically. Two types of strip-array systems are considered: a stack of strip lines piled along the z axis and an array of strip lines aligned in the xy plane. The results show that the relations between the magnetic field H and the current density J of strip-array systems in an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the strips can be transformed to the H-J relation for an isolated strip line. Therefore, H and J of strip-array systems in the Meissner state and in the Bean's critical state can be easily derived by transforming the H and J for an isolated strip line. Magnetization properties and interactions in multiple strip lines are discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
On-chip optical mode exchange using tapered directional coupler (2015)

We present an on-chip optical mode exchange between two multiplexed modes by using tapered directional couplers on silicon-on-insulator platform. The device consisting of mode multiplexing and mode exchange is compact with relatively large fabrication error tolerance. The simulation results show efficient higher order mode excitation and mode exchange. A low excess loss less than 0.5 dB and high extinction ratio larger than 15 dB over 10 nm wavelength range from 1535 to 1545 nm are achieved.
Association of Real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Glycemic Control and Acute Metabolic Events Among Patients With Insulin-Treated Diabetes (2021)

In this retrospective cohort study, insulin-treated patients with diabetes selected by physicians for real-time continuous glucose monitoring compared with noninitiators had significant improvements in hemoglobin A1c and reductions in emergency department visits and hospitalizations for hypoglycemia, but no significant change in emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hyperglycemia or for any reason. Because of the observational study design, findings may have been susceptible to selection bias.
A new cycloheptenone annulation method: use of the bifunctional reagent (Z )-5-iodo-1-tributylstannylpent-1-ene in organic synthesis (2000)

A new seven-membered annulation method that employs (Z)-5-iodo-1-tributylstannylpent-1-ene (1) as a key reagent and that is exemplified by the conversion of compounds 6, 12, 13, 20, 25, and 26 into the annulation products 11, 18, 19, 24, 33, and 34, respectively, is reported.
Polymer Reaction Engineering (2007)

1. Introduction to Polymerization Processes. 2. Coordination Polymerization. 3. Free Radical Polymerization. Homogeneous Systems. 4. Free radical polymerization. Heterogeneous systems. 5. Suspension polymerization. 6. Emulsion Plymerization. 7. Step Growth Polymerization. 8. Control of Polymerization Reactors
Natural language techniques for intelligent information retrieval (1988)

Neither natural language processing nor information retrieval is any longer a young field, but the two areas have yet to achieve a graceful interaction. Mainly, the reason for this incompatibility is that information retrieval technology depends upon relatively simple but robust methods, while natural language processing involves complex knowledge-based systems that have never approached robustness. We provide an analysis of areas in which natural language and information retrieval come together, and describe a system that joins the two fields by combining technology, choice of application area, and knowledge acquisition techniques.
Purification and characterisation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from wheat-based dried distillers grains with solubles (2012)

The aim of this project was to purify xylan which is the major hemicellulose in wheat bran from dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS). DDGS is a by-product from the fuel ethanol industry which uses wheat grain as a raw material. The wheat grain is used for the fermentation of starch to produce ethanol in the presence of yeast. The ethanol produced in this way is purified by distillation. The by-product DDGS is nowadays used as an animal feed. In this project we have investigated if it was possible to produce a value-added product from DDGS namely prebiotic xylooligosaccharides. The DDGS contains wheat bran rich in xylan and other hemicelluloses and compounds like starch, proteins, and fats. The DDGS was diluted in water and the extraction step was done to obtain the water-soluble xylans. The major impurity after the water extraction step is starch which is soluble in water. The hemicellulose fraction was purified from starch by using thermostable destarching enzymes, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase, followed by ethanol precipitation and dialysis. Xylan can be converted to xylooligosaccharides (XOS) by the treatment of xylan with xylanase. The obtained XOS have been analyzed with HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography). The obtained xylooligo- saccharides have potential prebiotic properties. This prebiotic material can be used as a source of energy for bacteria called probiotic bacteria. Previous studies have shown many benefits of probiotic bacteria in human intestine for human health, which are widely used in a diary product such as yogurt. Small scale experiments were first performed to judge if enough purified xylan could be gained at the end of the purification procedures. In order to observe the prebiotic effect of this wheat based source, in vitro fermentation of probiotic bacteria was applied. The conclusion from the project was that xylooligosaccharides can be produced from DDGS. It was also indicated that probiotic bacteria can utilize XOS as carbon source.
Supervised hashing binary code with deep CNN for image retrieval (2015)

Approximate nearest neighbor search is a good method for large-scale image retrieval. We put forward an effective deep learning framework to generate binary hash codes for fast image retrieval after knowing the recent benefits of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our concept is that we can learn binary codes by using a hidden layer to present the latent concepts dominating the class labels when the data labels are usable. CNN also can be used to learn image representations. Other supervised methods require pair-wised inputs for binary code learning. However, our method can be used to learn hash codes and image representations in a point-by-point manner so it is suitable for large-scale datasets. Experimental results show that our method is better than several most advanced hashing algorithms on the CIFAR-10 and MNIST datasets. We will further demonstrate its scalability and efficiency on a large-scale dataset with 1 million clothing images.
Effects of Stealth  Adulterant on Immunoassay Testing for Drugs of Abuse (2001)

Stealth is an adulterant advertised as being undetectable by adulteration tests. It has been described as peroxidase and peroxide, which, when added to urine samples, are intended to prevent a positive drug test. Characterization of the effect of Stealth on urine samples and immunoassay results was undertaken to assist in detection of this adulterant. Stealth was added to a number of urine matrices, and various parameters were evaluated including pH, specific gravity, color, creatinine, chloride, urea, blood, glucose, and nitrite. Samples were spiked with THC acid metabolite, benzoylecgonine, morphine, secobarbital, PCP, amphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) then tested by Roche OnLine and Microgenics CEDIA immunoassay reagents. Results of these analyses showed Stealth did not cause the urine sample to exceed any of the monitored parameters including those routinely used in drug-testing laboratories that would indicate adulteration of a sample. It did, however, cause samples positive for the marijuana metabolite (11-nor-delta9-tetrahydrocannibinol-9-carboxylic acid), LSD, and opiate (morphine) at 125-150% of cutoff to screen negative by immunoassay. Adulterating an authentic positive sample provided by a marijuana user caused that sample to screen negative using these immunoassay reagents as well.
The Earth Microbiome project: successes and aspirations (2014)

Here, the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) was launched in August 2010, with the ambitious aim of constructing a global catalogue of the uncultured microbial diversity of this planet. The primary vision of the Earth Microbiome Project, to process the microbial diversity and functional potential from approximately 200,000 environmental samples, marks it as an undertaking so massive that it was at first considered to be pure folly (as late as 2012, Jonathan Eisen was quoted in Nature as saying ‘Knight and Gilbert literally talk about sampling the entire planet. It is ludicrous and not feasible - yet they are doing it’ [1]).
Heterogeneity in Decomposition Rates and Nutrient Release in Fine-Root Architecture of Pinus massoniana in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (2019)

Fine-root decomposition contributes a substantial amount of nitrogen that sustains both plant productivity and soil metabolism, given the high turnover rates and short root life spans of fine roots. Fine-root decomposition and soil carbon and nitrogen cycling were investigated in a 1-year field litterbag study on lower-order roots (1–2 and 3–4) of Pinus massoniana to understand the mechanisms of heterogeneity in decomposition rates and further provide a scientific basis for short-time research on fine-root decomposition and nutrient cycling. Lower-order roots had slower decay rates compared with higher-order roots (5–6). A significantly negative correlation was observed between the decay constant mass remaining and initial N concentrations as well as acid unhydrolyzable residues. Results also showed that in lower-order roots (orders 1–2 and 3–4) with a lower C:N ratio, root residual N was released and then immobilized, whereas in higher-order roots (order 5–6) with a higher C:N ratio, root residual N was immobilized and then released in the initial stage. In the later stage, N immobilization occurred in lower-order roots and N release in higher-order roots, with the C:N ratio gradually decreasing to about 40 in three branching-order classes and then increasing. Our results suggest that lower-order roots decompose more slowly than higher-order roots, which may result from the combined effects of high initial N concentration and poor C quality in lower-order roots. During the decomposition of P. massoniana, N release or N immobilization occurred at the critical C:N ratio.
A comparative study of the role of vision and olfaction during in-flight maneuvers in wind by four species of insects to semiochemicals. (2023)

Flying insects can use volatile attractants to find food, mates, and oviposition sites. To gain understanding of the behavioral mechanisms involved, three questions were studied: how do insects find attractants, how do they maintain contact with attractants once found, and how are attractants used to locate resources that emitted the attractants. The study focused on the role of two senses, vision and olfaction. Chapter 1 presents the current knowledge of odor-mediated flight, the methods of study, and a general outline of the studies presented in later chapters. In Chapter 2 the precision of an existing measurement system for flight behavior is compared with a system developed as part of this dissertation. This new system can reconstruct flight in three dimensions. Chapter 3 proposes a novel approach to the description of flight behavior using a set of mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive maneuvers obtained with cluster analysis of measurements derived from flight tracks. Responses to changes of the floor pattern by the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes and the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar are compared in Chapter 4 to further the understanding of the role of vision during odor-mediated upwind flight. Chapter 5 described how flight of M. croceipes is affected by increases in wind velocity. Studies presented in Chapter 6 with tagged L. dispar show in greater detail than was possible before, how this moth species controls direction of flight in increasing winds. In Chapter 7 a test of a model for responses to shifting winds to optimize plume location is presented, using flight responses of two species of food-deprived fruitflies, Drosophila funebris and D. immigrans. The effect of changes in contrast of the floor and removal of the host-odor plume on flights of M. croceipes measured in 3-D are presented in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 demonstrates that M. croceipes uses transverse chemotaxis to maintain contact with a host-odor plume.
RF-powered, backscatter-based cameras (2017)

RF-powered devices equipped with general-purpose microcontrollers face energy limitation constraints for performing arbitrarily complex sensing and computation tasks. While richer capabilities such as image capture and processing would enable many new RF-powered use-cases, this energy limitation narrows the application space. Enabling richer sensing tasks has two main challenges: efficiently retaining and utilizing harvested energy, and storing and communicating large quantity of sensor data. This paper reviews the WISPCam design, an RF-powered programmable camera. Taking into account both of the mentioned challenges, WISPCam integrates an off-the-shelf VGA camera which is a rich sensor example energy and data wise. The paper also presents an ultra-low power scheme that is able to provide periodic updates on charge state of the device before enough energy has been accumulated for the camera to capture an image. This paper presents a novel data storage and bi-directional communication scheme that enables reliable transfer of complete images to an RFID reader application even when packets are lost or the device runs out of energy.
Identifying and mapping very small (<0.5 km<sup>2</sup>) mountain glaciers on coarse to high-resolution imagery (2019)

Abstract Small mountain glaciers are an important part of the cryosphere and tend to respond rapidly to climate warming. Historically, mapping very small glaciers (generally considered to be <0.5 km 2 ) using satellite imagery has often been subjective due to the difficulty in differentiating them from perennial snowpatches. For this reason, most scientists implement minimum size-thresholds (typically 0.01–0.05 km 2 ). Here, we compare the ability of different remote-sensing approaches to identify and map very small glaciers on imagery of varying spatial resolutions (30–0.25 m) and investigate how operator subjectivity influences the results. Based on this analysis, we support the use of a minimum size-threshold of 0.01 km 2 for imagery with coarse to medium spatial resolution (30–10 m). However, when mapping on high-resolution imagery (<1 m) with minimal seasonal snow cover, glaciers <0.05 km 2 and even <0.01 km 2 are readily identifiable and using a minimum threshold may be inappropriate. For these cases, we develop a set of criteria to enable the identification of very small glaciers and classify them as certain , probable or possible. This should facilitate a more consistent approach to identifying and mapping very small glaciers on high-resolution imagery, helping to produce more comprehensive and accurate glacier inventories.