gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Efficient and Robust Constraint Generation for Practical Layout Legalization (2008)

Sub-wavelength lithography in modern fabrication processes has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of design rules. Of these, the context dependent design rules are especially hard to adhere to during manual layout creation. Layout legalization or automatic correction of design rule violation, therefore, has attained prime importance. Layout legalization can be modeled as a modified layout compaction problem. Generation of constraints from a given layout is a crucial step in compaction. In this paper, we propose a systematic framework for constraint generation that identifies context dependent rules and ensures legal layout upon compaction. In addition, we suggest practical schemes for reducing the legalization problem size that results in subsequent efficient solution.
StatAdvisor (2009)

Database statistics are crucial to cost-based optimizers for estimating the execution cost of a query plan. Using traditional basic statistics on base tables requires adopting unrealistic assumptions to estimate the cardinalities of intermediate results, which usually causes large estimation errors that can be several orders of magnitude. Modern commercial database systems support statistical or sample views, which give more accurate statistics on intermediate results and query sub-expressions. While previous research focused on creating and maintaining these advanced statistics, only little effort has been done towards automatically recommending the most beneficial statistical views to construct. In this paper, we present StatAdvisor , a system for recommending statistical views for a given SQL workload. The StatAdvisor addresses the special characteristics of statistical views with respect to view matching and benefit estimation, and introduces a novel plan-based candidate enumeration method, and a benefit-based analysis to determine the most useful statistical views. We present the basic concepts, architecture, and key features of StatAdvisor , and demonstrate its validity and benefits through an extensive experimental study using a prototype that we built in the IBM® DB2® database system as part of the DB2 Design Advisor tools.
Emerging satellite communication links of incompatible polarization via wavefront multiplexing techniques (2014)

Many fixed satellite service (FSS) transponders in Ku band belong to the family of linearly polarized (LP) space assets. Therefore the terminals in the FSS-covered service areas also use linear polarization. In this paper, we propose, on the other hand, that circularly polarized (CP) terminals are more economical in manufacturing and installations as comparing to compatible LP terminals. The presented techniques will enable satellite operators to cost-effectively service Ku band VSAT users, either fixed or mobile, via LP space assets in Ku band. A method that makes possible the emergence of multiple g r o u p e d LP satellite transponders through Wave-Front (WF) Multiplexing (muxing) techniques is presented. Grouped LP transponders become accessible efficiently by CP ground terminals and vice versa. This method consists of a polarization converting processor in a ground hub with our modifications of ground user equipment and satellite assets. The received waveforms are processed in the digital domain in order to further service intended ground terminals. A low cost test bed is developed to emulate satellite links and implement WF muxing and WF demultiplexing (demuxing). We present both simulation and experimental results to demonstrate the satellite communication links of transponders and ground terminals using incompatible polarization respectively.
Scrap treatment method (1990)

The method of the invention is useful in treating a wide variety of rare earth-transition metal alloy scrap wherein the scrap comprises (a) one or more transition metals such as Fe, Co and Ni, (b) one or more rare earth such as Nd, Dy, Tb, Pr, Sm, Ho, La, Ce, Eu, Gd, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, and Sc and (c) other optional alloyants such as boron, Zr, Nb, Ga, Al and others. In treating rare earth-transition metal alloy scrap including two or more rare earth metals (e.g., Tb-Dy-Fe), the method of the invention is effective to recover mixed rare earth salts which can be treated further for use in the thermite or other metallothermic reduction processes.
NorLeu<sup>3</sup>A(1–7) Accelerates Clear Corneal Full Thickness Wound Healing (2016)

Topical ocular application of 0.3% and 0.03% USB004 promotes full-thickness cornea wound healing without the evidence of fibrosis and angiogenesis. Further studies are warranted to determine the cornea-specific mechanism of action(s) that promotes regeneration leading to clear corneal healing.
Method for the racemization of optically active amino acids (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethod for the racemization of optically active amino acidsShigeki Yamada, Chikara Hongo, Ryuzo Yoshioka, and Ichiro ChibataCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 6, 843–846Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00154a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2258Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (502 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
<title>Electron-beam-pumped VCSEL light source for projection display</title> (2005)

An electron beam pumped vertical cavity laser, or an “eVCSEL”, has been developed as a low-cost light source for LCOS and DLP based consumer television. 1000 lumens directed towards the spatial light modulator requires a total power of 144 watts for lasers in the three primary colors. This power surplus allows for high screen brightness for rear projection televisions of diagonals greater than 50 inches and eliminates the need for high gain screens with the benefit of larger viewing angles. Because of the high saturation of laser light, a color gamut approaching that of the human visual system is possible, creating superior image reproduction.
Quasi-achromatic laser Doppler anemometry systems based on a diffractive beam splitter (2003)

We propose a new beam-splitter system that makes it possible to use nonstabilized laser diodes for laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) systems by making the system wavelength independent. The beam splitter consists of two linear diffraction gratings that produce two parallel beams with a beam spacing that is wavelength dependent. This ensures passive wavelength compensation for the fringe spacing in the measurement volume. One can choose the distance between the two parallel beams by changing the distance between the two gratings, whereas the distance to the measurement volume can be designed by choice of a condensing lens with the proper focal length. This means that the system can be designed to have a desired fringe spacing in the measurement volume. The gratings are implemented as surface-relief holograms in photoresist, which makes it possible to mass produce the beam-splitter system at low cost through replication of the structure. The method for passive wavelength compensation for the fringe spacing is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally.
High frame-rate multichannel beam-scanning microscopy based on Lissajous trajectories (2014)

A simple beam-scanning optical design based on Lissajous trajectory imaging is described for achieving up to kHz frame-rate optical imaging on multiple simultaneous data acquisition channels. In brief, two fast-scan resonant mirrors direct the optical beam on a circuitous trajectory through the field of view, with the trajectory repeat-time given by the least common multiplier of the mirror periods. Dicing the raw time-domain data into sub-trajectories combined with model-based image reconstruction (MBIR) 3D in-painting algorithms allows for effective frame-rates much higher than the repeat time of the Lissajous trajectory. Since sub-trajectory and full-trajectory imaging are simply different methods of analyzing the same data, both high-frame rate images with relatively low resolution and low frame rate images with high resolution are simultaneously acquired. The optical hardware required to perform Lissajous imaging represents only a minor modification to established beam-scanning hardware, combined with additional control and data acquisition electronics. Preliminary studies based on laser transmittance imaging and polarization-dependent second harmonic generation microscopy support the viability of the approach both for detection of subtle changes in large signals and for trace-light detection of transient fluctuations.
Enhanced preparation of adeno‐associated viral vectors by using high hydrostatic pressure to selectively inactivate helper adenovirus (2007)

Gene delivery vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) have significant therapeutic potential, but much room for improvement remains in the areas of vector engineering and production. AAV production requires complementation with either helper virus, such as adenovirus, or plasmids containing helper genes, and helper virus-based approaches have distinct advantages in the use of bioreactors to produce large quantities of AAV vectors for clinical applications. However, helper viruses must eventually be inactivated and removed from AAV preparations to ensure safety. The current practice of thermally inactivating adenovirus is problematic as it can also inactivate AAV. Here, we report a novel method using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to selectively and completely inactivate helper adenovirus without any detectable loss of functional AAV vectors. The pressure inactivation kinetics of human adenovirus serotype 5 and the high-pressure stabilities of AAV serotypes 2 and 5 (AAV2, AAV5), which were previously unknown, were characterized. Adenovirus was inactivated beyond detection at 260 MPa or higher, whereas AAV2 was stable up to approximately 450 MPa, and surprisingly, AAV5 was stable up to at least 700 MPa. The viral genomic DNA of pressure-inactivated AAV2 was made sensitive to DNAse I digestion, suggesting that gross changes in particle structure had occurred, and this hypothesis was further supported by transmission electron microscopy. This approach should be useful in the laboratory- and clinical-scale production of AAV gene delivery vectors. Moreover, HHP provides a tool for probing the biophysical properties of AAV, which may facilitate understanding and improving the functions of this important virus.
Chitin utilization by marine bacteria. Degradation and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides by Vibrio furnissii. (1991)

Chemotaxis of the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii to chitin oligosaccharides has been described (Bassler, B. L., Gibbons, P. J., Yu, C., and Roseman, S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 24268-24275). Some steps in catabolism of the oligosaccharides are reported here. GlcNAc, (GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)3 are very rapidly consumed by intact cells, about 320 nmol of GlcNAc equivalents/min/mg of protein. (GlcNAc)4 is utilized somewhat more slowly. During these processes, there is virtually no release of hydrolysis products by the cells. The oligosaccharides enter the periplasmic space (via specific porins?) and are hydrolyzed by a unique membrane-bound endoenzyme (chitodextrinase) and an exoenzyme (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase; beta-Glc-NAcidase). The genes encoding these enzymes have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The chitodextrinase cleaves soluble oligomers, but not chitin, to the di- and trisaccharides, while the periplasmic beta-GlcNAcidase hydrolyzes the GlcNAc termini from the oligomers. The end products in the periplasm, GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)2 (possibly (GlcNAc)3) are catabolized as follows. (a) Disaccharide pathway, A (GlcNAc)2 permease is apparently expressed by Vibrio furnissii. Translocated (GlcNAc)2 is rapidly hydrolyzed by a soluble, cytosolic beta-GlcNAcidase, and the GlcNAc is phosphorylated by an ATP-dependent, constitutive kinase to GlcNAc-6-P. (b) Monosaccharide pathway, Periplasmic GlcNAc is taken up by Enzyme IINag of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system, yielding GlcNAc-6-P, the common intermediate for both pathways. Finally, GlcNAc-6-P----Ac- + GlcNH2-6-P----Fru-6-P + NH3. (GlcNAc)2 is probably the "true" inducer of the chitin degradative enzymes described in this report and, depending on its concentration in the growth medium, differentially induces the periplasmic and cytosolic beta-GlcNAcidases. The disaccharide pathway appears to be the most important when the cells are confronted with low concentrations of the oligomers (e.g. in chemotaxis swarm plates). The relative activities of the induced enzymes suggest that the rate-limiting steps in oligosaccharide catabolism are the glycosidase activities in the periplasm.
Flexible Coding Order for 3D video extension of H.265/HEVC (2013)

This paper presents a novel Multi-View Video plus Depth (MVD) data coding configuration for the 3D video extension of the High Efficiency Video Coding standard (3D-HEVC). To improve compression efficiency of dependent views, 3D-HEVC utilizes disparity information which is derived from the motion information of the neighboring blocks. However, in the case of MVD data coding, disparity information can be derived directly from the depth data. To utilize this approach, we propose to code the depth maps of the dependent views before their associated texture pictures. Consequently, disparity can be derived from coded depth and can be utilized for coding of texture data. The proposed method improves the compression performance of 3D-HEVC by 0.6% in delta bit rate on average. In addition to this, coded depth maps can be used for Backward View Synthesis Prediction (B-VSP) to further reduce bitrate of dependent texture views. Not only the rate distortion performance is improved, but also the proposed configuration reduces the complexity of decoding by over 8%.
Poly(Arylene Ether Imidazole) Surface Films (1993)

Films adhere well to some substrates, provide smooth surfaces, and facilitate release from molds. Thin films of thermoplastic poly(arylene ether imidazole)s (PAEI's) particularly suitable for use as surface modifiers for graphite/epoxy or graphite/bismaleimide composite panels. Molecule of PAEI includes imidazole groups along its backbone that co-cure with epoxies or bismaleimides during processing. Films thermally stable and resistant to bombardment by energetic electrons.
Confidential: patent pending measuring blood cells velocity in microvessels from a single image: application to in vivo and in situ confocal microscopy (2005)

This article describes an original method to measure the velocity of blood cells in microvessels from a single image. The method exploits a motion artifact produced by laser scanning microscope (LSM). Although velocity can be estimated from a single image, we show how a temporal sequence can then be exploited to increase the robustness and accuracy of the estimation. Preliminary experiments show good quantitative results in synthetic images of microvessels, and good qualitative results with real images of microvessels acquired in vivo and in situ at a temporal frequency of 2 Hz . A quantitative validation of real measurements is under progress with a specific experimental set-up described in the article.
The First Absolute Central Moment In Image Analysis (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Dynamic analyte introduction and focusing in plastic microfluidic devices for proteomic analysis (2003)

Isoelectric focusing (IEF) separations, in general, involve the use of the entire channel filled with a solution mixture containing protein/peptide analytes and carrier ampholytes for the creation of a pH gradient. Thus, the preparative capabilities of IEF are inherently greater than most microfluidics-based electrokinetic separation techniques. To further increase sample loading and therefore the concentrations of focused analytes, a dynamic approach, which is based on electrokinetic injection of proteins/peptides from solution reservoirs, is demonstrated in this study. The proteins/peptides continuously migrate into the plastic microchannel and encounter a pH gradient established by carrier ampholytes originally present in the channel for focusing and separation. Dynamic sample introduction and analyte focusing in plastic microfluidic devices can be directly controlled by various electrokinetic conditions, including the injection time and the applied electric field strength. Differences in the sample loading are contributed by electrokinetic injection bias and are affected by the individual analyte's electrophoretic mobility. Under the influence of 30 min electrokinetic injection at constant electric field strength of 500 V/cm, the sample loading is enhanced by approximately 10-100 fold in comparison with conventional IEF.
Synthesis of <i>p</i>-Aminophenol by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene (1999)

The present work describes the preparation of p-aminophenol via single-step catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in acid medium. A conventional method of synthesis of p-aminophenol is a two-step reaction involving iron−acid reduction of p-nitrophenol. This method causes serious effluent disposal problems due to the stoichiometric use of iron−acid, which leads to the formation of Fe−FeO sludge (≅1.2 kg/kg of product) in the process, which cannot be recycled. The single-step hydrogenation of nitrobenzene was carried out using platinum catalyst, and the process conditions were optimized. Complete conversion of nitrobenzene was achieved with selectivity to p-aminophenol as high as 75% under the best set of conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst can be easily recovered and efficiently recycled giving the TON as high as 1.38 × 10.5 This paper presents studies on the effect of various process parameters such as temperature, hydrogen pressure, and substrate and acid concentration on the rate of reaction and selectivity to p-aminophenol.
A Novel Structural Similarity Based Pilot Protection for Renewable Power Transmission Line (2021)

The wide application of power electronic component in power system with renewable energy sources has changed the fault characteristics of conventional power system, resulting in the performance degradation of conventional protection, and even the risk of maloperation and rejection. This brings challenges to the security and stability of the power grid. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, a novel principle of pilot protection based on structural similarity and square error method is proposed. The structural similarity criterion makes use of the difference of fault characteristics between renewable sources and synchronous generators to identify internal faults, while the square error auxiliary criterion is used to solve abnormal calculation of the existing similarity based protection. The detailed model of grid-connected renewable energy power plant is built in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and the proposed protection algorithm is solidified in the industrial protection device. The effectiveness of the proposed principle is verified by hardware-in-loop dynamic simulation experiments. Compared with conventional differential protection, the proposed protection shows excellent performance in speed and reliability during various faults. In addition, a field short-circuit test is carried out in a real wind farm to verify the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme. It is proved that this proposed method has the prospect for industrial application.
Bromocriptine – unique formulation of a dopamine agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2009)

Bromocriptine-QR is indicated to be used alone or in conjunction with all available treatments for type 2 diabetes. Although the mechanism of action is not fully understood, bromocriptine-QR's action points to a central target in the brain (hypothalamus) which may explain the observed peripheral improvements in metabolic parameters.
Analysis of a Multi-component Multi-stage Malaria Vaccine Candidate—Tackling the Cocktail Challenge (2015)

Combining key antigens from the different stages of the P. falciparum life cycle in the context of a multi-stage-specific cocktail offers a promising approach towards the development of a malaria vaccine ideally capable of preventing initial infection, the clinical manifestation as well as the transmission of the disease. To investigate the potential of such an approach we combined proteins and domains (11 in total) from the pre-erythrocytic, blood and sexual stages of P. falciparum into a cocktail of four different components recombinantly produced in plants. After immunization of rabbits we determined the domain-specific antibody titers as well as component-specific antibody concentrations and correlated them with stage specific in vitro efficacy. Using purified rabbit immune IgG we observed strong inhibition in functional in vitro assays addressing the pre-erythrocytic (up to 80%), blood (up to 90%) and sexual parasite stages (100%). Based on the component-specific antibody concentrations we calculated the IC50 values for the pre-erythrocytic stage (17-25 μg/ml), the blood stage (40-60 μg/ml) and the sexual stage (1.75 μg/ml). While the results underline the feasibility of a multi-stage vaccine cocktail, the analysis of component-specific efficacy indicates significant differences in IC50 requirements for stage-specific antibody concentrations providing valuable insights into this complex scenario and will thereby improve future approaches towards malaria vaccine cocktail development regarding the selection of suitable antigens and the ratios of components, to fine tune overall and stage-specific efficacy.
Flooding Prognosis in Packed Columns by Assessing the Degree of Steadiness (DOS) of Process Variable Trajectory (2016)

Pressure drop is a key factor that indicates flooding phenomenon in packed columns. However, it is difficult to apply statistical process control (SPC) to this variable for flooding prognosis. This is because, even if the system is operated below the flooding point, both the mean and variance of pressure drop may continue to change, because of fluctuations in either the gas or the liquid flow rate. As such, it is incorrect to represent the measured values of pressure drop with a certain distribution. Fortunately, it has been observed that the inherent distinction before and after the occurrence of flooding is the shift in the degree of steadiness (DOS) of the pressure drop trajectory. This is the motivation for the research presented in this paper. First, an assessment approach is introduced to quantify the concerned DOS of the pressure drop trajectory in each time window. Thereafter, instead of the original process variable, the DOS is monitored for flooding prognosis. Because of the lack of knowledge on the exact distribution of DOS, a nonparametric charting technique is adopted, which can be implemented in a simple and efficient manner. The feasibility of the proposed method is then illustrated using the experimental results on flooding prognosis in a packed column.