gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Development to Improve Tubular Cutting Ability in High-Ductility Metallurgy Strings With Low-Torque Motors (2009)

Abstract During the restoration process of a high temperature gas producer well, offshore Brazil, it was detected that its production tubing was stuck due to scale deposition. An attempt to pull the string using an offshore completion rig was unsuccessful. The use of alternative methods like wireline chemical cutters, string shots and thru-tubing tools with elastomer rubbers was not possible due to the high bottom hole temperature of the well (363 °F). With this scenario, the solution was to use coiled tubing in order to cut the string above the free point. The first challenge for this coiled tubing intervention was the production tubing metallurgy, Cr-22, which has highly ductile and carbides embedded in its matrix. These properties cause the adherence of chips on the cutter blades and contribute to accelerated wear on the mechanical cutter. The second challenge was the constraint of having to use lower torque metal-metal motor, because the high torque (rubbers) stator for positive displacement motors, available in Brazil do not work over 300 °F. In order to overcome all of these challenges and optimize the cutting process, tests were performed before the job in a similar Cr-22 tubing sample, using a standard two blades pipe cutter attached to a 2-1/8" metal-metal motor. After the failure in the first test, improvements in the pipe cutter were done until reaching an effective cutting system. This paper presents in details all steps in the pipe cutter design development and summarizes the operational procedures executed in this successful job using 1-1/4 inch coiled tubing, metal-metal motor and optimized pipe cutter. It will be of value to point out other (more expensive) options that the customer normally would have had to use, i.e. snubbing unit with spaghetti pipe.
DNA Nanocages (2016)

DNA has been used in the construction of a variety of nanoscale structures. Of these, designed cage-like structures of sizes ranging from ∼10 to ∼100 nm and molecular weights of up to ∼60 MDa have been developed. These nanocages have been assembled using different strategies that include a one-pot approach, modular assembly, hierarchical self-assembly, and the DNA origami technique. Such structures can be programmed to be reconfigurable via external triggers such as ligands, biomolecules, and pH. These objects provide a route to encapsulate proteins and nanoparticles and allow targeted delivery of these guests. With such versatile properties, DNA nanocages find applications in medicine, biotechnology, imaging, and materials science.
Cloning of two human liver bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNAs with expression in COS-1 cells. (1991)

We report the isolation and characterization of two human liver cDNA clones, HUG-Br1 and HUG-Br2; each encodes a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzyme which glucuronidates bilirubin IX alpha to form both the IX alpha C8 and IX alpha C12 monoconjugates and a diconjugate. HUG-Br1 cDNA (2351 base pairs) and HUG-Br2 cDNA (2368 base pairs) encode proteins with 533 and 534 amino acid residues, respectively, with a typical membrane-insertion signal peptide, membrane-spanning domain, and 3 or 5 potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. At the nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequence levels the two clones are 82% similar overall, 66% similar in the amino termini, and identical after codon 287, thus encoding proteins with the same carboxyl terminus. The mRNA encoding HUG-Br1 is of high abundance, and the one encoding HUG-Br2 is of low abundance; both are 2.6 kilobases in length. Both messages (2.6 kilobases) were present in the explanted liver of a Type I Crigler-Najjar patient, although the level for that of HUG-Br1 was reduced 4.5-fold. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the liver of an untreated and a phenobarbital-treated Erythrocebus patas monkey with 5'-specific probes for each clone indicated that the HUG-Br2-encoded message is induced two fold, but that for HUG-Br1 is not. These data indicate that bilirubin is glucuronidated by at least two different proteins, most likely present in very different amounts. These cDNAs which encode functional bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferases will allow the isolation of an appropriate gene to develop a gene therapy model for patients which have the totally deficient trait.
Lossless image compression based on optimal prediction, adaptive lifting, and conditional arithmetic coding (2001)

The optimal predictors of a lifting scheme in the general n-dimensional case are obtained and applied for the lossless compression of still images using first quincunx sampling and then simple row-column sampling. In each case, the efficiency of the linear predictors is enhanced nonlinearly. Directional postprocessing is used in the quincunx case, and adaptive-length postprocessing in the row-column case. Both methods are seen to perform well. The resulting nonlinear interpolation schemes achieve extremely efficient image decorrelation. We further investigate context modeling and adaptive arithmetic coding of wavelet coefficients in a lossless compression framework. Special attention is given to the modeling contexts and the adaptation of the arithmetic coder to the actual data. Experimental evaluation shows that the best of the resulting coders produces better results than other known algorithms for multiresolution-based lossless image coding.
Optical gain control model of the quantum-well laser diode (1991)

The effects of various structure parameters such as graded potential, strain, quantum-well size, barrier heights, and temperature on the optical gain of single quantum-well lasers are studied for a potential solution to the problem of device optimization from the unified point of view with a rigorous model for gain. This study on the structure parameter dependence of the gain with the valence band mixing as well as intraband relaxation is new and presents a unified scheme for the optical gain control. Significant enhancement of gain in the graded quantum well as compared with that of the ordinary square quantum well is predicted. With the uniaxial stress, the TE mode gain is suppressed while the TM mode gain is enhanced due to the change of valence band structure. Calculated results show that the roles played by structure parameters such as well width, barrier heights, and temperature on the optical gain becomes of great importance for the device optimization.
Thermal behavior of a metal embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor (2001)

With embedded sensors it is possible to monitor structural parameters at critical locations which are not accessible to ordinary sensors. Recently, the fiber optic sensor has emerged as a promising technology to be integrated with structures. The embedding of fiber optic sensors into composites and some metals, especially those with low melting points, have been reported. However, all reported embedding techniques so far are either complicated or it is difficult to achieve coherent bonding with low residue stresses. Thus, it is of interest to pursue some economical ways to embed fiber optic sensors into metallic structures with low residue stresses. In this work, a new technique is proposed for embedding a fiber optic sensor into metallic structures, such as nickel, with minimized residue stress. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been embedded into nickel structures. The thermal performance of such an embedded FBG sensor is studied. Higher temperature sensitivity is demonstrated for the embedded FBG sensors. For temperature measurements, the embedded FBG sensor yields an accuracy of about 2 °C. Under rapid temperature changes, it is found that thermal stresses due to the temperature gradient in the metallic structures would be the main cause for errors.
A modular NIRS system for clinical measurement of impaired skeletal muscle oxygenation (2000)

Near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) is a well-known method used to measure in vivo tissue oxygenation and hemodynamics. This method is used to derive relative measures of hemoglobin (Hb) + myoglobin (Mb) oxygenation and total Hb (tHb) accumulation from measurements of optical attenuation at discrete wavelengths. We present the design and validation of a new NIRS oxygenation analyzer for the measurement of muscle oxygenation kinetics. This design optimizes optical sensitivity and detector wavelength flexibility while minimizing component and construction costs. Using in vitro validations, we demonstrate 1) general optical linearity, 2) system stability, and 3) measurement accuracy for isolated Hb. Using in vivo validations, we demonstrate 1) expected oxygenation changes during ischemia and reactive hyperemia, 2) expected oxygenation changes during muscle exercise, 3) a close correlation between changes in oxyhemoglobin and oxymyoglobin and changes in deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin and limb volume by venous occlusion plethysmography, and 4) a minimal contribution from movement artifact on the detected signals. We also demonstrate the ability of this system to detect abnormal patterns of tissue oxygenation in a well-characterized patient with a deficiency of skeletal muscle coenzyme Q(10). We conclude that this is a valid system design for the precise, accurate, and sensitive detection of changes in bulk skeletal muscle oxygenation, can be constructed economically, and can be used diagnostically in patients with disorders of skeletal muscle energy metabolism.
Design and synthesis of peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and renin. Evidence for improved transport (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and synthesis of peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and renin. Evidence for improved transportAmos B. Smith III, Ralph Hirschmann, Alexander Pasternak, Ryouichi Akaishi, Mark C. Guzman, David R. Jones, Terence P. Keenan, Paul A. Sprengeler, Paul L. Darke, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 2, 215–218Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00028a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00028a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Motor cortex stimulation for pain control induces changes in the endogenous opioid system (2007)

The decrease in binding of the exogenous ligand was most likely explained by receptor occupancy due to enhanced secretion of endogenous opioids. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) may thus induce release of endogenous opioids in brain structures involved in the processing of acute and chronic pain. Correlation of this effect with pain relief in at least two of these structures supports the role of the endogenous opioid system in pain control induced by MCS.
Smart home care network using sensor fusion and distributed vision-based reasoning (2006)

A wireless sensor network employing multiple sensing and event detection modalities and distributed processing is proposed for smart home monitoring applications. Image sensing and vision-based reasoning are employed to verify and further analyze events reported by other sensors. The system has been developed to address the growing application domain in caregiving to the elderly and persons in need of monitored living, who care to live independently while enjoying the assurance of timely access to caregivers when needed. An example of sensed events is the accidental fall of the person under care. A wireless badge node acts as a bridge between the user and the network. The badge node provides user-centric event sensing functions such as detecting falls, and also provides a voice communication channel between the user and the caregiving center when the system detects an alert and dials the center. The voice connection is carried over an IEEE 802.15.4 radio link between the user badge and another node in the network that acts as a modem. Using signal strength measurements, the network nodes keep track of the approximate location of the user in the monitoring environment.The network also includes wall-mounted image sensor nodes, which are triggered upon detection of a fall to analyze their field-of-view and provide the caregiving center with further information about the user 's status. A description of the developed network and several examples of the vision-based reasoning algorithm are presented in the paper.
A low cost non-wearable gaze detection system based on infrared image processing (2017)

Human eye gaze detection plays an important role in various fields, including human-computer interaction, virtual reality and cognitive science. Although different relatively accurate systems of eye tracking and gaze detection exist, they are usually either too expensive to be bought for low cost applications or too complex to be implemented easily. In this article, we propose a non-wearable system for eye tracking and gaze detection with low complexity and cost. The proposed system provides a medium accuracy which makes it suitable for general applications in which low cost and easy implementation is more important than achieving very precise gaze detection. The proposed method includes pupil and marker detection using infrared image processing, and gaze evaluation using an interpolation-based strategy. The interpolation-based strategy exploits the positions of the detected pupils and markers in a target captured image and also in some previously captured training images for estimating the position of a point that the user is gazing at. The proposed system has been evaluated by three users in two different lighting conditions. The experimental results show that the accuracy of this low cost system can be between 90% and 100% for finding major gazing directions.
On event routing in content-based publish/subscribe through dynamic networks * (2004)

Content-based publish/subscribe communication systems are a popular technology for many-to-many information diffusion over large scale networks. Scalable solutions are obtained considering a network of distributed event brokers, dispatching information (events)from producers (publishers) to consumers (subscribers). Many scalable and efficient solution for routing events in content-based systems exist, that selectively send events only toward the interested subscribers. However, if subscribers having similar interest are present in different parts of the network, the benefits of such routing strategies significantly decrease. In this paper we propose a novel approach for enhancing content-based routing, based on the dynamic reconfiguration of the broker network. The reconfiguration aims at aiding the routing process by placing close to each others brokers that manage subscribers with similar interests. Metrics for measuring similarity of interests are discussed and a reconfiguration algorithm is presented.
Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Influenza Viruses Circulating within European Swine between 2009 and 2013 (2015)

The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus contains a reassortant genome with segments derived from separate virus lineages that evolved in different regions of the world. In particular, its neuraminidase and matrix segments were derived from the Eurasian avian virus-like ("avian-like") lineage that emerged in European swine in the 1970s. However, while large-scale genomic characterization of swine has been reported for southern China and North America, no equivalent study has yet been reported for Europe. Surveillance of swine herds across Europe between 2009 and 2013 revealed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus is established in European swine, increasing the number of circulating lineages in the region and increasing the possibility of the emergence of a genotype with human pandemic potential. It also has implications for veterinary health, making prevention through vaccination more challenging. The identification of a genotype similar to the A(H3N2)v genotype, causing zoonoses at North American agricultural fairs, underlines the importance of continued genomic characterization in European swine.
Spontaneous deletion of citrate-utilizing ability promoted by insertion sequences (1984)

The citrate utilization (Cit+) transposon Tn3411 was shown to be flanked by directly repeated sequences (IS3411L and IS3411R) by restriction enzyme analysis and electron microscope observation. Cit- deletion mutants were frequently found to be generated in pBR322::Tn3411 by intramolecular recombination between the two copies of IS3411. The flanking IS3411 elements of Tn3411 were shown to be functional insertion sequences by Tn3411-mediated direct and inverse transposition. Tn3411-mediated inverse transposition from pBR322::Tn3411 to the F-plasmid derivative pED100 occurred more efficiently than that of direct transposition of the Cit+ determinant. This was thought to be due to the differential transposability of IS3411L and IS3411R in the transposition process. The frequency of transposition of IS3411 marked with a chloramphenicol resistance determinant was much higher than IS3411-mediated cointegrate formation, suggesting that replicon fusions are not essential intermediates in the transposition process of Tn3411 or IS3411. Spontaneous deletions occurred with high frequency in recA hosts. The spontaneous deletion promoted by homologous recombination between two IS3411 elements in Tn3411 was examined with deletion mutants.
Atomic-scale surface structure and ultrasmooth morphology of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown AlAs (001)-(3×2) (1997)

We have studied the surface atomic structure and electronic properties of the molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown AlAs(001)-(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) film by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. A structural model is proposed for AlAs(001)-(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2), in which the \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2 ordering arises from the formation of unusual double \ensuremath{\pi}-bonded As dimers along the [110] direction and the \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 ordering results from the missing As-dimer rows in the [1-bar10] direction on the topmost As-terminated layer. Scanning tunneling spectroscopic study directly reveals the energies and spatial locations of the surface states.
Adaptation, saturation, and physiological masking in single auditory-nerve fibers (1979)

Results are reviewed concerning some effects, at a units's characteristic frequency, of a short-term conditioning stimulus on the responses to perstimulatory and poststimulatory test tones. A phenomenological equation is developed from the poststimulatory results and shown to be consistent with the perstimulatory results. According to the results and equation, the response to a test tone equals the unconditioned or unadapted response minus the decrement produced by adaptation to the conditioning tone. Furthermore, the decrement is proportional to the driven response to the conditioning tone and does not depend on sound intensity per se. The equation has a simple interpretation in terms of two processes in cascade--a static saturating nonlinearity followed by additive adaptation. Results are presented to show that this functional model is sufficient to account for the "physiological masking" produced by wide-band backgrounds. According to this interpretation, a sufficiently intense background produces saturation. Consequently, a superimposed test tone cause no change in response. In addition, when the onset of the background precedes the onset of the test tone, the total firing rate is reduced by adaptation. Evidence is reviewed concerning the possible correspondence between the variables in the model and intracellular events in the auditory periphery.
Threshold Logic Synthesis Based on Cut Pruning (2015)

This paper presents a novel approach to synthesize circuits based on threshold logic gates (TLGs). Emerging technologies, such as memristors, spintronics devices and tunneling diodes, are able to build this class of gates efficiently. For this reason, threshold logic is a promising alternative to conventional CMOS logic. The proposed approach is based on pruning non-threshold-logic cuts in order to limit the search space during technology mapping. As a result, both the number of TLGs and logic depth of the synthesized circuits are reduced. Experimental results have shown that, compared to the state-of-the-art methods, the TLG count is reduced by 8% and logic depth is reduced by 46%.
Highlights from this issue (2011)

Skinning cats for a livingLet's kick off with an aphorism fi t for this most ascetic of months.The scholar who cherishes the love of comfort is not fi t to be deemed a scholar (Confucius c 500 BC).Surely, 'the love of comfort' Confucius alludes to is dogma.I'm allergic to the 'it must be so' school of thought (more on IgE-related matters later), which plagues medicine as much as any other walk of life.How refreshing, therefore, to introduce a crop of papers that either challenge dogma or chronicle its demise.
The effects of sampling variation on image recognition systems (1995)

Presents the results of preliminary studies on the effects of sampling variation on the performance of image recognition systems. The authors show that random perturbations in the sampling process can result in substantial deviations in measured features from an input image. Provided certain conditions are met, this variation can be exploited to improve recognition accuracy. The authors describe three experiments that demonstrate this approach in the context of step edge detection, simple pattern recognition, and OCR.