gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spare capacity allocation using shared backup path protection for dual link failures (2011)

This paper extends the spare capacity allocation (SCA) problem from single link failure [1] to dual link failures on mesh-like IP or WDM networks. The SCA problem pre-plans traffic flows with mutually disjoint one working and two backup paths using the shared backup path protection (SBPP) scheme. The aggregated spare provision matrix (SPM) is used to capture the spare capacity sharing for dual link failures. Comparing to a previous work by He and Somani [2], this method has better scalability and flexibility. The SCA problem is formulated in a non-linear integer programming model and partitioned into two sequential linear sub-models: one finds all primary backup paths first, and the other finds all secondary backup paths next. The results on five networks show that the network redundancy using dedicated 1+1+1 is in the range of 313-400%. It drops to 96-181% in 1:1:1 without loss of dual-link resiliency, but with the trade-off of using the complicated share capacity sharing among backup paths. The hybrid 1+1:1 provides intermediate redundancy ratio at 187-310% with a moderate complexity. We also compare the passive/active approaches which consider spare capacity sharing after/during the backup path routing process. The active sharing approaches always achieve lower redundancy values than the passive ones. These reduction percentages are about 12% for 1+1:1 and 25% for 1:1:1 respectively.
Thermally actuated wax valves for paper-fluidic diagnostics (2016)

The complexity of current paper-fluidic diagnostic devices is limited by their imperfect control of reagent incubation and delivery. Valves providing complete fluid obstruction and multiple actuation steps within a single paper-fluidic diagnostic would increase the range of diagnostic bioassays in these porous membranes. Here, we report the rapid fabrication of tunable wax-ink valves that are thermally actuated within porous membranes. Varying width bands of wax-ink were printed onto strips of nitrocellulose and cellulose membranes and characterized by their triggered obstruction and release of fluid wicking through the membranes. To demonstrate the utility of these wax-ink valves, we have transformed a traditional lateral flow immunoassay into a multi-step, semi-autonomous assay that enhances bacterial detection signal intensity 6-fold. The wax-ink valves are applicable to other paper fluidic assays by fully obstructing fluid flow for a sustained reaction time and are able to be actuated multiple times for sequential fluid delivery with minimal user involvement. These easily fabricated wax-ink valves are a versatile addition to the toolkit of fluidic control mechanisms required to develop more sensitive paper-based diagnostics.
Method of and device for testing the quality of digital speech-transmission equipment (1987)

First Page
STED Imaging by Using Hollow Bessel Beam (2015)

We report a STED microscope by using Bessel beam. Improved lateral resolution of deep-imaging at 84μm-depth was observed as 150nm, with comparison to a standard STED imaging resolution of 275nm measured at the same depth.
<title>Spatially-phased transducer to form steered beams</title> (1999)

A spatially phased `doily' transducer (patent pending) forms a steered beam along one axis of the transducer without the need for electronically applying phase shifts to an array of elements. In its simplest form, the transducer consists of two channels from spatially shaped cosine and sine apertures, where the sine channel is shifted 90 degree(s) and then combined with the cosine channel. The transducer produces a beam steered to a desired angle at a specific design frequency in either receive or transmit operation. Several `doily' transducers have been fabricated and tested using low-lateral mode transducer materials such as Polyvinylidene Fluoride and 1 - 3 composite, with electroplated electrodes to form the cosine and sine apertures. The apertures were also geometrically shaped to suppress sidelobes along the steering axis. These `doily' transducers formed beams that were steered as far as 54 degree(s) with typical sidelobe levels of -20 dB.
Enhancing Poxvirus Oncolytic Effects through Increased Spread and Immune Evasion (2008)

The antitumoral effects of oncolytic viruses have generally been limited by inefficient spread of the viruses within infected tumors and by inefficient systemic delivery, particularly in preimmunized hosts. Tumor-selective poxviruses have biological characteristics that may overcome these limitations. Nevertheless, physical barriers within the tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix, can still limit intratumoral spread, and neutralizing antibodies can impede systemic delivery. To counter these limitations, we sought to take advantage of a naturally occurring poxvirus form known as extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). The EEV is shrouded by a host cell-derived lipid bilayer containing anticomplement proteins and is typically released from infected cells early during the infection cycle. Therefore, the EEV form evolved for rapid systemic spread within the host and for evasion of immune-mediated clearance. We compared the oncolytic potential of low versus high EEV-producing strains of vaccinia. EEV-enhanced vaccinia strains displayed improved spread within tumors after systemic delivery, resulting in significantly improved antitumor effects. The EEV-enhanced strains also displayed a greater ability to spread between injected and noninjected distant tumors through the blood and, importantly, displayed reduced clearance by neutralizing antibody. Safety was unaffected. The incorporation of EEV-enhancing mutations into next generation oncolytic vaccinia strains may improve the potency of these viruses without sacrificing safety.
Near-Real-Time Image Matting with Known Background (2009)

This paper presents a novel matting algorithm for handling cases where foreground objects are in front of complex (non-smooth) but known background. The algorithm is based on a Poisson equation that takes the gradient of the known background into consideration. The quantitative evaluation based on ground truth shows that the matting results obtained using the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the ones generated by the global Poisson matting. The proposed algorithm is also optimized for parallel processing and runs in near-real-time on programmable graphics hardware.
Formation of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thick films by vapor evaporation of Tl sub 2 O sub 3 into rolled Ca sub 2 Ba sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub x (1989)

Using a roller technique, Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} thick film precursors (about 100 microns in thickness) were prepared. These films were then treated by a vapor process using Tl{sub 2}O{sub 3} to form superconducting Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O films. The superconducting onset temperature of this film is about 120 K with a zero-resistance temperature ranging from 91K to 111K. X-ray SEM, and electron microprobe analyses of these films are presented, and, on the basis of these analyses, crystallite growth are discussed.
COMPRESSION OF CW MODE-LOCKED Nd:YAG PULSES (1984)

We have generated 1.8 picosecond pulses from a CW mode-locked Nd:YAG laser using the technique of optical pulse compression.[1-4] Our compressor incorporates a novel grazing incidence delay line which is compact and reduces the ellipticity of the output beam. We have observed pulse compression ratios of 45:1 and generated visible picosecond pulses by second harmonic generation.
Alcohol inhibits cell-cell adhesion mediated by human L1 [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1996 Jun;133(5):1139-40] (1996)

Mental retardation, hydrocephalus, and agenesis of the corpus callosum are observed both in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and in children with mutations in the gene for the cell adhesion molecule L1. We studied the effects of ethanol on cell-cell adhesion in mouse fibroblasts transfected with human L1. L1-transfected fibroblasts exhibited increased cell-cell adhesion compared with wild-type or vector-transfected controls. Ethanol potently and completely inhibited L1-mediated adhesion both in transfected L cells and NIH/3T3 cells. Half-maximal inhibition was observed at 7 mM ethanol, a concentration achieved in blood and brain after ingesting one alcoholic beverage. In contrast, ethanol did not inhibit the adhesion of fibroblasts transfected with vector alone or with N-CAM-140. L1-mediated cell-cell adhesion was inhibited with increasing potency by n-propanol and n-butanol, but was not inhibited at all by n-alcohols of 5 to 8 carbons, acetaldehyde, or acetate, suggesting that ethanol interacts directly with a small hydrophobic pocket within L1. Phenylalanine, teratogenic anticonvulsants, and high concentrations of glucose did not inhibit L1-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Ethanol also inhibited potently the heterotypic adhesion of rat cerebellar granule cells to a monolayer of L1-transfected NIH/3T3 cells, but had no effect on their adhesion to N-CAM-140 or vector-transfected NIH/3T3 cells. Because L1 plays a role in both neural development and learning, ethanol inhibition of L1-mediated cell-cell interactions could contribute to FAS and ethanol-associated memory disorders.
An Ultra-High Resolution Spectrometer with Successive Combination of a Fabry-Perot Etalon and a Cylindrical Beam Volume Hologram (2007)

We have designed a compact spectrometer by cascading a simple Fabry-Perot etalon and a cylindrical beam volume hologram. The combination of these two elements results in a two-dimensional spatial-spectral mapping in the output plane. Using this spectrometer, ultra-high resolution (better than 0.2 nm) over a large bandwidth (larger than 300 nm) has been experimentally demonstrated for diffuse light sources.
A pulse rheometer for reacting foams (1992)

Abstract A foam rheometer has been developed based on the impulse theory of linear viscoelasticity. The rheometer is a large‐volume parallel‐plate device which operates under gap‐loaded conditions, and is designed as an add‐on fixture for the Materials Testing System Model 312. The rheometer provides characterization data of the pre‐gel (via the zero‐shear viscosity) or the post‐gel (via the equilibrium modulus) properties of a foaming cellular polymer with a precision of better than ± 15%.
Preparation and Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Defatted Soybean Flakes (1986)

ABSTRACT Full‐fat soybean flakes were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ) at pressures of 10,600–12,400 psi, temperatures from 80–100°C, and moisture levels of 5–13.5%. Conditions could be selected to produce defatted soybean meals with nitrogen solubility indices greater than 70% and flavor scores greater than 6.5 on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = strong and 10 = bland). The usual grassy‐beany and bitter flavors of hexane‐defatted soybean flours were only minimally detectable in the optimally SC‐CO 2 ‐extracted materials. Bland, defatted soybean meal prepared by SC‐CO 2 extraction was further processed into high‐quality protein concentrates and isolates that were stable when stored under adverse conditions.
Molecular Engineering of 2-Quinolinone Based Anchoring Groups for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

Six new donor−π spacer–acceptor (D-π-A) organic sensitizers based on the 2-quinolinone moiety as acceptor and anchoring groups were synthesized and tested for their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The systematic tuning of acceptor strength and anchoring modes lead to a variation of the photoelectrochemical properties and device performances. Characterization of the molecular structure and electronic and optical properties of the dyes, as well as their photovoltaic performance in DSSCs, was accomplished by means of NMR, UV spectroscopy, electrochemistry, quantum chemical, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transient photovoltage decay techniques. Thereby, significant dependence of DSSC performance on the substituents and anchoring groups was observed. In general, the optoelectronic properties of the sensitizers were mainly governed by the 2-quinolinone acceptor segment. Different types of anchoring modes were employed in this new type of acceptor segment, and their significance in the solar conversion efficiency was analyzed. Amide N,O-chelating anchoring mode and bianchor-type anchoring mode show higher short circuit current density among the various anchoring groups. This new type of anchoring mode will emerge as a promising alternative anchoring group to the widely utilized cyanoacrylic acid group.
The Pulfrich Effect and its Relationship to Retinal Illumination (1997)

The Pulfrich stereo-illusion effect occurs in patients with monocular anterior visual system disease when viewing a pendulum. It also can be induced by placing a monocular neutral-density filter in a normal subject. We studied 10 normal subjects to determine if the Pulfrich effect could be induced by monocular illumination in addition to monocular neutral-density filtration. Eighteen of 20 eyes observed the Pulfrich effect with monocular illumination, but the rotation of the ellipse was opposite in direction to that of the neutral-density filter. Our data suggests that the Pulfrich effect results from intereye luminance disparity.
<title>Hyperspectral image coding using wavelet transforms and trellis-coded quantization</title> (1995)

A system is presented for compression of hyperspectral imagery. Specifically, DPCM is used for spectral decorrelation, while a 2-D discrete wavelet coding scheme is used for spatial decorrelation. Trellis coded quantization is used to encode the wavelet coefficients. Side information and rate allocation strategies are discussed. Entropy-constrained codebooks are designed using a modified version of the generalized Lloyd algorithm. This entropy constrained system achieves a compression ratio of greater than 70:1 with an average PSNR of the coded hyperspectral sequence approaching 41 dB.
Inferring fish school distributions from long range acoustic images: Main acoustic clutter experiment 2003 (2004)

Long range scattering from fish schools and bottom reverberation in the New Jersey Continental Shelf environment are modeled using a unified, range-dependent, bistatic scattering, and reverberation model based on the parabolic equation [Ratilal and Makris, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2302 (2003)]. The fish swim bladder is approximated as an air-filled bubble, while the bottom reverberation from volume inhomogeneities is modeled using the Rayleigh–Born approximation. The broadband scattered field, in the frequency range from 390 to 440 Hz, is beamformed and spatially charted using two-way travel time. The model output is compared with scattered field levels from fish schools and background reverberation measured during the the Main Acoustic Clutter Experiment 2003 using a long range, bistatic sonar system. The fish school characteristics, such as size, distribution and density, are inputs to the model. These are obtained from measurements made by the fish finding sonar during the experiment. This calibrated model is then used to infer fish school distributions and densities in areas where fish finding sonar measurements are not available.
Ultrasound-mediated tumor chemotherapy with drug-loaded phase-shift nanoemulsions. (2010)

This paper describes droplet-to-bubble transition in block copolymer stabilized perfluoropentane nanoemulsions used for ultrasound-mediated tumor chemotherapy. Three physical factors that trigger droplet-to-bubble transition in liquid emulsions and gels have been evaluated, namely, heat, ultrasound, and injections through fine-gauge needles. Among those listed, ultrasound irradiation was found the most efficient factor. Tumor accumulation of nanodroplets after systemic injections to tumor bearing mice was confirmed by ultrasound imaging. Efficient ultrasound-triggered drug release from tumor-accumulated nanodroplets was confirmed by dramatic regression of ovarian, breast, and orthotopic pancreatic tumors treated by systemic injections of drug-loaded nanoemulsions combined with tumor-directed therapeutic ultrasound. No therapeutic effect from the nanodroplet/ultrasound combination was observed without the drug, indicating that therapeutic effect was caused by the ultrasound-enhanced chemotherapeutic action of the tumor-targeted drug, rather than the mechanical or thermal action of ultrasound itself. The mechanism of drug release in the process ultrasonically activated droplet-to-bubble conversion is discussed. [The work has been supported by the NIH R01 EB1033 grant to N.R.]
Embedding Optical Fibers In Cast Metal Parts (1995)

Use of metal strain reliefs eliminates breakage of fibers during casting process. Technique for embedding fused silica optical fibers in cast metal parts devised. Optical fiber embedded in flange, fitting, or wall of vacuum or pressure chamber, to provide hermetically sealed feedthrough for optical transmission of measurement or control signals. Another example, optical-fiber temperature sensor embedded in metal structural component to measure strain or temperature inside component.
Comparing query logs and pseudo-relevance feedbackfor web-search query refinement (2007)

Query logs and pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) offer ways in which terms to refine Web searchers' queries can be selected, offered to searchers, and used to improve search effectiveness. In this poster we present a study of these techniques that aims to characterize the degree of similarity between them across a set of test queries, and the same set broken out by query type. The results suggest that: (i) similarity increases with the amount of evidence provided to the PRF algorithm, (ii) similarity is higherwhen titles/snippets are used for PRF than full-text, and (iii) similarity is higher for navigational than informational queries. The findings have implications for the combined usage of query logs and PRF in generating query refinement alternatives.
Specific Delivery of Oligonucleotides to the Cell Nucleus via Gentle Compression and Attachment of Polythymidine (2019)

Nonviral delivery of nucleic acids to the cell nucleus typically requires chemical methods that do not guarantee specific delivery (e.g., transfection agent) or physical methods that may require extensive fabrication (e.g., microfluidics) or an elevated pressure (e.g., 10<sup>5</sup> Pa for microneedles). We report a method of delivering oligonucleotides to the nucleus with high specificity (relative to the cytosol) by synergistically combining chemical and physical approaches. Particularly, we demonstrate that DNA oligonucleotides appended with a polythymidine [poly(T)] segment (chemical) profusely accumulate inside the nucleus when the cells are under gentle compression imposed by the weight of a single glass coverslip (physical; ∼2.2 Pa). Our "compression-cum-poly(T)" delivery method is simple, can be generalizable to three "hard-to-transfect" cell types, and does not induce significant levels of cytotoxicity or long-term oxidative stress to the treated cells when provided the use of suitable compression times and oligonucleotide concentrations. In bEnd.3 endothelial cells, compression-aided intranuclear delivery of poly(T) is primarily mediated by importin β and nucleoporin 62. Our method significantly enhances the intranuclear delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to bEnd.3 endothelioma cells and the inhibition of two target genes, including a reporter gene encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein and an intranuclear lncRNA oncogene (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), when compared with delivery without gentle compression or poly(T) attachment. Our data underscore the critical roles of pressure and nucleotide sequence on the intranuclear delivery of nucleic acids.
An architecture for a data-intensive computer (2011)

Scientific instruments, as well as simulations, generate increasingly large datasets, changing the way we do science. We propose a system that we call the data-intensive computer for computing with Petascale-sized datasets. The data-intensive computer consists of an HPC cluster, a massively parallel database and a set of computing servers running the data-intensive operating system, which turns the database into a layer in the memory hierarchy of the data-intensive computer.
Photon logic gate using ultra slow light (2009)

Photon Logic gates based on quantum coherence have been presented for Boolean logic operations of NAND. The present photon logic gates use quantum coherence in a three-level system interacting with resonant Raman optical fields. In a specific condition of ultraslow light, the quantum coherence can be greatly enhanced so that ultralow power light can be used for photon switching applications. Unlike conventional optical switching methods, the photon switching is free from the population relaxation constraint but relies on quantum coherence (phase relaxation). By combing two photon switches in parallel, we performed Boolean logic gate operations.
Trombone Routing Mitigation Techniques for IMS/MMD Networks (2007)

Real-time services such as VoIP and multimedia streaming are affected during a mobile's rapid handoff due to the associated delay resulting from associated handoff operations of discovery, detection, configuration, registration, media redirection, and processing at different network nodes. Redundant communication path of any signaling and media adds to the delay during session setup and media delivery. This paper highlights the overall problem associated with redundant routing in a 3GPP2-based MMD (multimedia domain) environment and proposes several mechanisms to mitigate these problems. We also compare these mechanisms and select one for existing IMS/MMD networks that use MIPv4 as the mobility protocol. We present the implementation details of the selected redundant routing mitigation technique in the experimental MMD environment and verify the effectiveness by analyzing the measurement results.
Statistical analysis of the removal of aluminum and magnesium impurities from wet‐process phosphoric acid (1987)

Abstract The present paper relates to the treatment of crude wet‐process phosphoric acid with ammonium nitrate and hydrofluoric acid to precipitate aluminum and magnesium impurities in the form of an easily separable phase: (NH 4 ) x Mg y Al z (F, OH) 6 .2 H 2 O. To check the effect of some concentration factors on this reaction, an orthogonal central composite design is realized with three variables: %Al 3+ , %NH 4 + and %F − . It is concluded that the amount of aluminum in acid is the limiting factor of magnesium precipitation. Thus complete removal of magnesium, which is a major impurity in wet‐process phosphoric acid, can be obtained by adding to the crude acid extra soluble aluminum salt simultaneously with hydrofluoric acid and ammonium nitrate.
Entoptic visualization of the retinal vasculature near fixation. (1990)

The authors review (1) the range of techniques used to study the retinal vasculature near the fovea, (2) describe the need and rationale for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of the retinal vasculature, (3) present theoretic and practical considerations which show that entoptic visualization of the smallest capillaries near the fovea is optimized by a small short-wavelength source (1 mm or less) rotating at 3.5 hertz in a circular path (radius 2 mm) imaged in the plane of the eye's entrance pupil, and (4) discuss the feasibility of using these techniques as a research and clinical tool.