gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Type 1 (CB1) Receptors on Sim1-Expressing Neurons Regulate Energy Expenditure in Male Mice (2014)

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) regulates energy balance by modulating not only food intake, but also energy expenditure (EE) and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. To test the hypothesis that cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor in PVN neurons might control these processes, we used the Cre/loxP system to delete CB1 from single-minded 1 (Sim1) neurons, which account for the majority of PVN neurons. On standard chow, mice lacking CB1 receptor in Sim1 neurons (Sim1-CB1-knockout [KO]) had food intake, body weight, adiposity, glucose metabolism, and EE comparable with wild-type (WT) (Sim1-CB1-WT) littermates. However, maintenance on a high-fat diet revealed a gene-by-diet interaction whereby Sim1-CB1-KO mice had decreased adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased EE, whereas feeding behavior was similar to Sim1-CB1-WT mice. Additionally, high-fat diet-fed Sim1-CB1-KO mice had increased mRNA expression of the β3-adrenergic receptor, as well as of uncoupling protein-1, cytochrome-c oxidase subunit IV and mitochondrial transcription factor A in the brown adipose tissue, all molecular changes suggestive of increased thermogenesis. Pharmacological studies using β-blockers suggested that modulation of β-adrenergic transmission play an important role in determining EE changes observed in Sim1-CB1-KO. Finally, chemical sympathectomy abolished the obesity-resistant phenotype of Sim1-CB1-KO mice. Altogether, these findings reveal a diet-dependent dissociation in the CB1 receptor control of food intake and EE, likely mediated by the PVN, where CB1 receptors on Sim1-positive neurons do not impact food intake but hinder EE during dietary environmental challenges that promote body weight gain.
<i>Science Translational Medicine</i> Podcast: 11 June 2014 (2014)

John S. Kuo describes a new class of small-molecule, cancer-selective imaging and therapeutic agents.
Capacity regions and optimal power allocation for groupwise multiuser detection (2005)

In this letter, optimal power allocation and capacity regions are derived for groupwise successive interference cancellation (GSIC) systems operating in multipath fading channels, under imperfect channel estimation conditions. It is shown that the impact of channel estimation errors on the system capacity is two-fold: It affects the receiver performance within a group of users, as well as the cancellation performance (through cancellation errors). An iterative power allocation algorithm is derived, based on which it can be shown that that the total required received power is minimized when the groups are ordered according to their cancellation errors, and the first detected group has the smallest cancellation error. Performance/complexity tradeoff issues are also discussed by directly comparing the system capacity for different implementations: GSIC with linear minimum-mean-square error (LMMSE) receivers within the detection groups; GSIC with matched filter (MF) receivers; multicode LMMSE systems; and simple all MF receivers systems.
Residue to binary conversion for RNS arithmetic using only modular look-up tables (1988)

A novel technique for converting from the residue digits in a residue number system (RNS) to weighted binary digits is proposed. This technique is an alternative to existing methods based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and the mixed-radix conversion (MRC) algorithm. The proposed technique obtains the binary digits in a slice-by-slice fashion, directly from the residues. The primary advantage of the method is that this conversion technique can be implemented using only modular lookup tables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recognising Informative Web Page Blocks Using Visual Segmentation for Efficient Information Extraction (2020)

As web sites are getting more complicated, the construction of web information extraction systems becomes more troublesome and time-consuming. A common theme is the difficulty in locating the segments of a page in which the target information is contained, which we call the informative blocks. This article reports on the Recognising Informative Page Blocks algorithm (RIPB), which is able to identify the informative block in a web page so that information extraction algorithms can work on it more efficiently. RIPB relies on an existing algorithm for vision-based page block segmentation to analyse and partition a web page into a set of visual blocks, and then groups related blocks with similar content structures into block clusters by using a tree edit distance method. RIPB recognises the informative block cluster by using tree alignment and tree matching. A series of experiments were performed, and the conclusions were that RIPB was more than 95% accurate in recognising informative block clusters, and improved the efficiency of information extraction by 17%.
Learning to Rank Using User Clicks and Visual Features for Image Retrieval (2014)

The inconsistency between textual features and visual contents can cause poor image search results. To solve this problem, click features, which are more reliable than textual information in justifying the relevance between a query and clicked images, are adopted in image ranking model. However, the existing ranking model cannot integrate visual features, which are efficient in refining the click-based search results. In this paper, we propose a novel ranking model based on the learning to rank framework. Visual features and click features are simultaneously utilized to obtain the ranking model. Specifically, the proposed approach is based on large margin structured output learning and the visual consistency is integrated with the click features through a hypergraph regularizer term. In accordance with the fast alternating linearization method, we design a novel algorithm to optimize the objective function. This algorithm alternately minimizes two different approximations of the original objective function by keeping one function unchanged and linearizing the other. We conduct experiments on a large-scale dataset collected from the Microsoft Bing image search engine, and the results demonstrate that the proposed learning to rank models based on visual features and user clicks outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms.
DNA-Based Vaccine against La Crosse Virus: Protective Immune Response Mediated by Neutralizing Antibodies and CD4+ T Cells (1999)

La Crosse virus (LACV)-mediated encephalitis is the most frequently reported arboviral disease in the United States, but to date no vaccine against this virus is available. We have established a new animal model, genetically targeted mice lacking a functional interferon type I receptor (IFNAR-1). These mice show an age-independent susceptibility to LACV and develop an acute encephalitis within 6 days of infection, thereby allowing the evaluation of vaccines against LACV. Taking advantage of this knockout mouse model, we have assessed the feasibility of DNA vaccination against this viral disease. Plasmid DNAs, encoding either the virus surface glycoproteins G1 and G2 or the internal nucleocapsid protein N, were used to immunize IFNAR-1-deficient mice. Mice vaccinated with DNA encoding the glycoproteins G1 and G2 produced neutralizing antibodies and exhibited a high degree of protection against challenge with high doses of LACV. Depletion of CD4+ T cells in mice vaccinated with DNA encoding G1/G2 reduced their capacity to control the infection. Virus titration and immunohistological analysis revealed that the protected mice showed no evidence of LACV particles in the brain. This indicates that the vaccine-induced immune response efficiently blocked viral spreading from the primary replication site to the brain. In contrast, immunization with DNA encoding protein N yielded only a partial protective effect that can be attributed to the cellular immune response. Taken together, this study shows that DNA vaccines can be designed to efficiently induce a protective immune response based on neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ T cells.
WAVE 통신 시스템에서의 핸드오버 메커니즘 성능 분석 (2014)

차량-인프라 간(V2I, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) 통신 환경에서 도로 상의 차량 및 사용자들에게 보다 양질의 서비스 를 제공하기 위해서는 차량이 기지국 간을 이동 시에도 데이터 흐름이 끊어지지 않도록 하는 핸드오버 기능의 제공이 필요하다. WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) 표준은 차량 환경에서 장치 간에 보다 효과적인 통신을 하기 위한 여러 기능들을 정의하고 있지만, V2I 서비스의 품질을 향상시키기 위한 핸드오버 기능은 포함하고 있지 않 다. 본 논문에서는 WAVE 통신 시스템에 기반을 둔 핸드오버 메커니즘을 소개하고, 실제 도로 상에서 해당 메커니즘이 구현된 기지국 및 단말기를 이용한 실험을 통해 도출된 성능 분석 결과를 보인다.
3615 Realization of Solar Thermal Technology Using Titech Beam-Down Solar Concentrating System (2005)

The Ring Type Reflector solves the problems on the mechanical integrity of central reflector against wind force, wider focus and dilution of beam concentration at receiver aperture. The power generation cost for the Beam-Down system was estimated to be 8.98 US cents/kWh. And, about half of the capital cost of 8.17 US cents/kWh of the Beam-Down is the heliostat cost, therefore the capital cost will be 5.37 US cents/kWh, when the heliostat cost is reduced by 30% (the total cost=6.19 US cents/kWh). This figure is near the cost of the fossil fuels of coal (4.38 US cents/kWh) and natural gas (4.81 US cents/kWh). The total cost of 6.19 US cents/kWh can be further reduced by 20%, when the new heliostat arrangement process of the Dual Tower Concept is applied (the number of the heliostat and tower height can be reduced). Then the total cost of the Beam-Down will become 4.90 US cents/kWh, which can be competitive with coal and natural gas. This cost is about 1/4 of the solar PV cost (16.48 US cents/kWh).
Revealing the tunable photoluminescence properties of graphene quantum dots (2014)

Photoluminescence of graphene quantum-dot can be sensitively tuned by size, edge configurations, shape, chemical functionalities, defects, heteroatom-doping and hybridization states.
SCION: Scalability, Control, and Isolation on Next-Generation Networks (2011)

We present the first Internet architecture designed to provide route control, failure isolation, and explicit trust information for end-to-end communications. SCION separates ASes into groups of independent routing sub-planes, called trust domains, which then interconnect to form complete routes. Trust domains provide natural isolation of routing failures and human misconfiguration, give endpoints strong control for both inbound and outbound traffic, provide meaningful and enforceable trust, and enable scalable routing updates with high path freshness. As a result, our architecture provides strong resilience and security properties as an intrinsic consequence of good design principles, avoiding piecemeal add-on protocols as security patches. Meanwhile, SCION only assumes that a few top-tier ISPs in the trust domain are trusted for providing reliable end-to-end communications, thus achieving a small Trusted Computing Base. Both our security analysis and evaluation results show that SCION naturally prevents numerous attacks and provides a high level of resilience, scalability, control, and isolation.
Characterisation of hydroxypropylated crosslinked sago starch as compared to commercial modified starches (2002)

The characteristics of hydroxypropylated crosslinked sago starch (HPST) were determined and compared with five types of commercial modified starches (CMST) in order to evaluate its quality for further applications. The HPST was prepared on a large scale having molar substitution (MS) and degree substitution (DS) values in the range of 0.038 to 0.045 and 0.004 to 0.005, respectively. The properties of HPST in terms of sediment volume, swelling power, solubility and paste clarity were 15.75%, 16.7, 8.62% and 5.18%T650 , respectively. The MS value, phosphorus content, paste clarity, swelling power and syneresis after six freeze-thaw cycles of HPST when compared to that of commercially available modified starches which are normally used or incorporated in acidic, frozen and canned foods did not differ significantly. The pasting characteristic of HPST exhibited thin to thick viscosity which was similar (P>0.05) to that of commercial hydroxypropylated crosslinked tapioca starch (NAT 8). The acid stability, solubility and freeze-thaw stability of both starches were also similar (P>0.05) but the swelling power of HPST was slightly lower (P<0.05) than that of NAT 8 .
A simple and robust adaptive parasitic antenna (2005)

A novel Uda-Yagi adaptive antenna is numerically and experimentally investigated. The antenna consists of an active element and a relatively large number of parasitic elements closed on two different loads selectable by simple electronic switches. The use of fuzzy-logic based cost function and self-adaptive biological beamforming algorithms allows to obtain quite good performances both in terms of signal to interference plus noise ratio and voltage standing wave ratio. The antenna is simple, low cost, and is robust with respect to mechanical and electrical tolerances and with respect to failures of some passive elements. Experimental results on two different prototypes confirm the good performances of the proposed antenna.
Knowledge Creation Opportunities in the Data Mining Process (2006)

Nonaka’s modes of knowledge were used to ground an exploratory study of knowledge creation opportunities in the data mining process. A two-phased research study, including 49 interviews with data analysts and decision makers, was completed. Results support the idea that multiple knowledge creation opportunities exist throughout the data mining process. Prior research has defined a data warehouse as a support system for transforming explicit knowledge into new explicit knowledge by merging, categorizing, reclassifying, and synthesizing data [1]. By expanding the research scope from technology to the process, evidence was found that data analysts convert tacit knowledge to new tacit knowledge through social interaction, tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge through evaluation of data mining results, and explicit knowledge to new tacit knowledge through learning from deployment of a decision. This paper explains how one organization implemented a knowledge-oriented data mining process; results of the implementation are presented.
A 2.4psrms-jitter digital PLL with Multi-Output Bang-Bang Phase Detector and phase-interpolator-based fractional-N divider (2013)

In the field of digital PLLs, there is a trend to find alternatives to time-to-digital converter(TDC)-based architectures [1] to avoid significant complexity and power overhead due to such a critical building block [2-4]. Architectures based on bang-bang phase detectors are very attractive for their low-jitter, low-power capabilities, but are limited to integer-N operation by nature. Solutions that merge the key performance of the bang-bang architecture with fractional-N operation as in [3] are needed in order to turn the bang-bang digital PLLs into real alternatives to TDC-based PLLs.
Impact of silicide formation on the resistance of common source/drain region (2001)

Silicide had been used to reduce the sheet resistance of diffusion region for almost 20 years. However, as the silicided region becomes small, the contact resistance of silicide/silicon interface becomes higher than the resistance of the Si diffusion region such that current may not flow into the silicide layer. The effect of silicide thickness and contact resistivity on the total resistance of the silicided diffusion region was studied by two-dimensional simulation. It is observed that below a threshold length, the resistance of silicided diffusion region is higher than the unsilicided diffusion region if the silicon consumption during silicide formation is taken into consideration. Thinner silicide and lower contact resistivity reduce total resistance and threshold length but the threshold length is still much longer than the typical design rule of poly-Si to poly-Si distance. It is thus recommended to inhibit silicide formation at the common source/drain region at the metal-gate generation.
Formation of peroxides in amino acids and proteins exposed to oxygen free radicals (1993)

Dilute aqueous solutions of BSA or lysozyme gave positive tests for peroxides after exposure to reactive oxygen species. The reactive species were generated by gamma-irradiation, reduction of H2O2 with Fe2+ ions or thermal decomposition of an azo compound. Peroxides were assayed by an iodometric method. Identification of the new groups as hydroperoxides was confirmed by their ability to oxidize a range of compounds and by the kinetics of their reaction with iodide. The hydroperoxide groups were bound to the proteins and their yields (G values) corresponded to 1.2 -OOH groups per 100 eV of radiation energy absorbed for BSA, and 0.8 for lysozyme. The oxygen free radicals effective in protein peroxidation were the hydroxyl and organic peroxyl, but not superoxide or its protonated form. The efficiency of BSA peroxidation initiated by the hydroxyl radicals was 40%. Protein peroxides decayed spontaneously with a half-life of about 1.5 days at 20 degrees C. Exposure of the common amino acids to hydroxyl free radicals showed that six of them (glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, proline and valine) were peroxidized with similar efficiency to the proteins, whereas the rest were inert or much less susceptible. These results suggest that some proteins may be peroxidized by a variety of agents in vivo and that their subsequent reactions with protective agents, such as ascorbate or glutathione, may decrease the antioxidant potential of cells and tissues.
Real Estate Recommender: Location Query for Selecting Spatial Objects (2012)

With the increase of data volume, advanced query operators are necessary in order to help users to handle the huge amount of available data by selecting a set of promising data objects. In this paper, we present a method for selecting spatial objects, such as houses, based on surrounding facilities such as restaurants, supermarkets, and stations. In the proposed method, a user specifies a list of favourable surrounding facilities within a specified distance in his preferred location. We evaluate each real estate based on how many favourable surrounding facilities are there within the specified distance. We, then, calculate a set of spatial objects that are in favourable locations by utilizing the idea of skyline queries. We performed different experiments to show the effectiveness of proposed approach. Experimental evaluation show that our proposed approach is well applicable for efficient decision making.
Measurement of delta pH and membrane potential in secretory vesicles isolated from bovine pituitary intermediate lobe. (1984)

Pro-opiomelanocortin (ACTH/endorphin prohormone) is processed within the secretory vesicles of pituitary intermediate lobe cells to alpha-melanotropin and beta-endorphin. In order to learn more about the microenvironment in which processing occurs, a method was developed to purify large quantities of bovine intermediate lobe secretory vesicles (ILSV) using isoosmolar metrizamide-sucrose gradients. Analysis of alpha-melanotropin and marker enzymes revealed that the gradients provided a 94-fold purification of secretory vesicles with respect to lysosomes and a 15-fold purification with respect to mitochondria. Pro-opiomelanocortin-converting enzyme activity in the ILSVs was assayed and found to be maximally active around pH 5. From measuring the delta pH across the intact ILSV membrane using 9-aminoacridine fluorescence quenching, the internal pH of ILSVs was determined to be less than 5.6, consistent with the operating pH range of the converting enzyme activity. The pH gradient of the ILSVs collapsed in the presence of ammonium sulfate or by using a combination of nigericin and K+, when the external medium pH was 7. Using the voltage-sensitive dye, oxanol VI, Mg2+ ATP was shown to cause a marked change in the ILSV membrane potential with the inside being positive which was reversed by the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Thus, the ILSVs appear to have a Mg2+ ATP-dependent electrogenic proton-translocating system.
Mining Reviews for Product Comparison and Recommendation (2009)

+ Abstract—Recently, as the amount of customer reviews grows rapidly on product service websites, it costs customers much time to select and compare their favorite products. Researchers have been aware of this problem and many studies are investigated to mine the opinions from the online reviews. Unfortunately, few previous works give comparisons or recommendations among the products. In this paper, we propose an automated system to address this problem. We first build a product feature sentiment database from the reviews. Then we perform the comparison among various products from both subjective and objective perspectives on the feature level. Finally, product recommendations can be suggested according to the previous comparisons and an evolution tree constructed from the reviews. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in mining the digital camera reviews. And now a demo system is put in to practical use.
The study of the concentration of carbon monoxide measured based on 1.58um tunable semiconductor laser (2010)

By use of 1.58 um tunable semiconductor laser, in which its wavelength is nicely a window of communication in long wavelength band of the fiber, the measurement optical paths can well be integrated in fiber system with fiber and passive component in the fiber communication and is put to industry field. Moreover, the 1.58 um spectrum line is an absorption peak of carbon monoxide and around the spectrum line, the background gas in atmosphere has a good transmission window. It is very well to measure carbon monoxide concentration. Through measuring peaks of the second harmonic and fourth harmonic of absorption spectrum lines of carbon monoxide with TDLAS absorption spectroscopy technique, the carbon monoxide concentration can accurately be calculated by composition algebra of the second and the fourth harmonic intensities. One of the advantages of the concentration measured by the high order harmonic intensity is that it can overcome the disturbance of the low order harmonics, especially, the disturbance of laser modulation current and one harmonic. The another is that the concentration measurement has nothing to do with the laser modulation ratio and laser parameters so that it overcomes the affect of changes of the modulation intensity and laser current in measurement process and the concentration express only have relations with characteristic parameters of temperature and pressure in the measurement gas chamber and measurement intensities of the second and the fourth harmonics. Moreover, the relative measurement error of carbon monoxide concentration has nothing to do with the frequency change caused by the current of laser diode modulation. The results showed that the relative intensities of the second harmonic and fourth harmonics of the specific absorption spectra line are used to calculate gas concentrations is efficient, fast, real-time and the method is high precision calculation of the concentration of carbon monoxide gas.
High-level architectural simulation of the Torus Routing Chip (2002)

This paper presents a simulation model of the Torus Routing Chip (TRC) written in Verilog. The model represents the functional behaviour of the routing chip down to the flit (byte) level. The TRCs are self-timed and interconnected in a 4 by 4 torus (mesh with wrap-around) having unidirectional channels along the x and y-dimension. To avoid deadlock situations, the TRC implements two virtual channels on every physical channel. The model is presented in a top down manner with emphasis on the modelling of the packet routing algorithm, asynchronous channels, controlled access to shared resources and the increased complexity caused by virtual channels. The testing of the model as well as experience from using Verilog to develop a high-level architectural simulation is discussed.