gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Neuroblastoma (2013)

According to the cancer immunoediting model, the interplay between tumor cells and the host immune system is crucial for the control of tumor growth. NB is a pediatric tumor that presents with metastatic disease at diagnosis in about 50% of the cases, the majority of which have poor prognosis. In this Review article, immune escape pathways adopted by human neuroblastoma (NB) cells are reviewed. These include intrinsic defects of tumor cells such impaired expression of the HLA class I related antigen processing machinery and functional alterations of the tumor microenvironment (TM) induced by NB cell-derived immunosuppressive molecules as MICA and HLA-G. Finally, examples of therapeutic interventions targeting the TM are discussed to emphasize the concept that successful cancer treatment may be achieved using this strategy.
The PedsQL in pediatric cerebral palsy: reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Generic Core Scales and Cerebral Palsy Module (2006)

This investigation determined the measurement properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.0 Cerebral Palsy (CP) Module. PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and 3.0 CP Module were administered to 245 families. Mean age of the 134 males and 107 females was 8 years 1 month (SD 4y 4mo; range 2-18y). The sample included children with hemiplegia (n=55), diplegia (n=84), and quadriplegia (n=85). Twenty eight children had a Gross Motor Function Classification System classification at Level I, 40 at Level II, 86 at Level III, 43 at Level IV, and 37 at Level V. Reliability was demonstrated for the PedsQL 4.0 (alpha=0.86 child, 0.89 parent) and CP Module (alpha=0.79 child, 0.91 parent). The PedsQL 4.0 distinguished between healthy children and children with CP. Construct validity of the CP Module was supported. Sensitivity of the PedsQL was demonstrated among children with different diagnostic categories and gross motor function.
Lectins as a Tool for Detecting Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Brain (2010)

Glycoconjugates are biopolymers that are broadly distributed in the central nervous system, including the cell surface of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells (NSCs/NPCs). Glycoconjugates can be recognized by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins. Two lectins, Phaseolus vulgaris lectin agglutinin E-form (PHA-E4) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been reported to be useful in isolating NSCs/NPCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or immunopanning methods. In this study, we analyzed the lectin-binding properties of NSCs/NPCs in two neurogenic regions of the adult mouse brain to determine whether PHA-E4 and WGA exhibit specific binding patterns on sections and whether there are other lectins presenting the binding pattern similar to those of PHA-E4 and WGA in lectin histochemistry. Among nine types of lectins, peanut agglutinin was localized to the white matter and four lectins bound to cells within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. Lectin histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry demonstrated that one lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, specifically detected type A neuronal precursors and that the remaining three lectins, Agaricus bisporus agglutinin (ABA), PHA-E4, and WGA, recognized type B NSCs and type C transient amplifying cells in the SVZ. These three lectins also recognized type 1 quiescent neural progenitors and type 2a amplifying neural progenitors in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus. Lectin histochemistry of the neurosphere culture also yielded similar results. These observations suggest that, in addition to PHA-E4 and WGA, ABA lectin may also be applicable in FACS or immunopanning for the isolation of NSCs/NPCs.
Candida infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. (1991)

We studied the incidence, outcome and risk factors for systemic Candida infection in 665 recipients of allogeneic, syngeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantations (BMT) between 1979 and 1987. Systemic Candida infection, defined as occurrence of one or more positive blood or CSF cultures for Candida sp., or presence of Candida sp. in culture or biopsy of deep tissue, was detected in 76 patients (12.5%) in the first year following BMT. Candida infection was independently associated with increasing age (p less than 0.0001), detection of one or more positive surveillance cultures for Candida sp. (p less than 0.0001), increased duration of granulocytopenia (p = 0.0005) and total body irradiation as part of the preparative regimen compared with chemotherapy only or chemotherapy and total lymphoid irradiation (p = 0.02). Other patient characteristics including underlying disease, origin of graft, recipient sex, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis and occurrence of acute GVHD or chronic GVHD were not independently associated with Candida infection following BMT: 60/76 patients with Candida infections have died, and in 19/60 cases death could be directly attributed to Candida infection. Awareness of the serious nature and the risk features for Candida infections may be useful in developing strategies of prevention and treatment.
A Study of AC-DC ZVS-PWM Boost Converters with Silicon Carbide Diodes (2009)

A study of AC-DC zero-voltage switched (ZVS) pulsewidth modulated (PWM) boost converters with silicon carbide (SiC) boost diodes instead of silicon (Si) boost diodes is presented in the paper. The paper reviews the general principles of active auxiliary circuits that are used to help the main boost power switch turn on with ZVS, then explains how these circuits operate differently when SiC boost diodes are used in place of Si diodes. Considerations that should be taken into account when designing a ZVS-PWM boost converter with SiC diodes are discussed, and experimental results obtained from a prototype of an example converter are presented to confirm the concepts discussed in the paper.
Large-scale applications of superconducting coils (1973)

Superconducting coils have been utilized in a broad range of applications which continues to expand. Initially, they were used for small physics experiments in the laboratory. More recent applications involve superconducting coils on a scale that would have been unrealistic only a few years ago. This paper is concerned with some of these applications. After a brief review of the main characteristics of superconductors and superconducting windings in general, specific applications are discussed. These include high-energy physics, controlled thermonuclear fusion, magnetohydrodynamic power generation, inductive energy storage, and levitation of high-speed ground vehicles. Photographs and illustrations are included to describe some of the existing systems as well as some systems which are presently conceptual in nature.
Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective. (1984)

SUMMARY Many have sought but no one has found a commonly acceptable definition for the concept of emotion. Repeated failure raises the question whether a definition is possible, at least a definition in the classical sense of individually necessary and jointly sufficient attributes. A series of seven studies explored an alternative possibility that the concept of emotion is better understood from a prototype perspective than from a classical perspective. Specifically it is argued that membership in the concept of emotion is a matter of degree rather than all-or-none (that the concept has an internal structure) and that no sharp boundary separates members from nonmembers (that the concept has fuzzy boundaries). As hypothesized, the concept of emotion has an internal structure: happiness, love, anger, fear, awe, respect, envy, and other types of emotion can be reliably ordered from better to poorer examples of emotion. In turn, an emotion's goodness of example (prototypicality) ranking was found to predict how readily incomes to mind when one is asked to list emotions, how likely it is to be labeled as an emotion when one is asked what sort of thing it is, how readily it can be substituted for the word emotion in sentences without their sounding unnatural, and the degree to which it resembles other emotion categories in terms of shared features. In response to an argument made by Armstrong, Gleitman and Gleitman (1983), the evidence for internal structure is acknowledged not to imply fuzzy boundaries. Thus, it was further shown that the concept of emotion, and several other of Rosch's prototypically organized concepts, lacks sharp boundaries and thus can be empirically distinguished from classically defined concepts: Peripheral members of classical concepts but not of fuzzy concepts are nonetheless unequivocal members of the concept. Finally, implications of a prototype view for the psychology, of emotion are discussed. Issues raised include extension of the prototype analysis to anger, fear, and other types of emotion; scientific versus everyday folk concepts; and emotion concepts versus emotion events.
Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor (2014)

Majorana fermions are predicted to localize at the edge of a topological superconductor, a state of matter that can form when a ferromagnetic system is placed in proximity to a conventional superconductor with strong spin-orbit interaction. With the goal of realizing a one-dimensional topological superconductor, we have fabricated ferromagnetic iron (Fe) atomic chains on the surface of superconducting lead (Pb). Using high-resolution spectroscopic imaging techniques, we show that the onset of superconductivity, which gaps the electronic density of states in the bulk of the Fe chains, is accompanied by the appearance of zero-energy end-states. This spatially resolved signature provides strong evidence, corroborated by other observations, for the formation of a topological phase and edge-bound Majorana fermions in our atomic chains.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface Immobilization of Platinum and Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated within Amine-Terminated Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers (2004)

Platinum and palladium dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) were prepared within commercially available, fourth-generation, amine-terminated, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (G4-NH2). The synthesis is carried out by selectively encapsulating metal complexes within the dendrimer and then reducing the resulting composite. Intradendrimer complexation requires control over the solution pH to prevent attachment of the metal complexes to primary amine groups on the dendrimer periphery. That is, the surface primary amines of the dendrimer must be selectively protonated in the presence of the interior tertiary amines. The metal-ion encapsulation and reduction processes were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. Forty-atom Pt and Pd DENs were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which showed that the mean particle sizes were 1.4 and 1.5 nm, respectively, and that both were nearly monodisperse (standard deviation = 0.3 nm). The free amine groups on the dendrimer surface were used to link Pd DENs to monolithic Au surfaces via an intermediate self-assembled monolayer adhesion layer.
Handbook of exercise in diabetes (2002)

Reduction in Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Diabetes Exercise and Weight Control Cardiac Evaluation of the Patient with Diabetes Before Recommending an Exercise Program Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes By Lifestyle Modification: Convincing Evidence from The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Cardiovascular Complications Nephropathy: Early Nephropathy: Advanced Exercise and Gestational Diabetes Exercise and Aging Exercise in Diabetic Patients with Disabilities
Lift that lid, unscrew that cap, pull that straw: the challenges of hospital food and beverage packaging for the older user. (2015)

Food and beverage packaging has been found to contribute to malnutrition amongst the older hospital patient. This paper examines the interaction of the older user and regular hospital food and beverage packaging and the role of strength and dexterity in relation to pack opening within a hospital context. Findings demonstrate that the most difficult packs to open require higher levels of dexterity than strength. Manufacturers need to incorporate both universal and transgenerational design principles to maximise pack 'openability' for the older user.
Crystal Structure, Solubility, and Mutarotation of the Rare Monosaccharide <scp>d</scp>-Psicose (2010)

Abstract X-ray crystal analysis for d-psicose (C3-position epimer of d-fructose) crystallized from aqueous solution was successfully performed for the first time. It was confirmed that d-psicose crystallized solely as β-d-pyranose with 1C (1C4 (d)) conformation. The crystal system (orthorhombic), space group (#19, P212121), and number of molecules per unit cell (Z = 4) are the same as those for β-d-fructopyranose, α-l-sorbopyranose, and α-d-tagatopyranose. Solubility of d-psicose at 25 °C was 291 g per 100 g water. Mutarotation was further investigated recording the time course of specific rotation [α] at 589 nm after the dissolution of d-psicose in water. It is thought that [α] for β-d-psicopyranose in water may be ca. −85 deg dm−1 g−1 cm3. The time course of absorbance at 280 nm after the dissolution of d-psicose was also measured to see the development of open-chain carbonyl-form in the solution, and the first-order kinetic behavior with the rate constant k = 4.44 ms−1 was confirmed. Assuming the equilibrium content of carbonyl-form of d-psicose as 0.2%, the molar absorption coefficient, ε, for the carbonyl-form was estimated to be 160 cm−1 M−1.
Evaluation of the LDACS Cybersecurity Implementation (2019)

Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) infrastructure in civil aviation must evolve as fast as possible to cope with all challenges posed by the growth of the worldwide population, globalization and the worldwide demand for more and more mobility. Analogue systems are replaced by digital means and automation is becoming much more important to be able to handle the large amount of new entrants in the air traffic system. Spectrum saturation must be solved by introducing digital systems and safety and security of the safety critical infrastructure surrounding civil aviation must be constantly updated to support the ever-growing system complexity. As one of the Future Communication Infrastructure (FCI) candidates we introduce LDACS as the very first true integrated CNS system worldwide. In previous works we have already analyzed its cybersecurity, developed a cybersecurity architecture with corresponding algorithms and demonstrated the improvement in cybersecurity due to our security additions. Here we implement the LDACS cybersecurity architecture and evaluate the impact of introduced security overhead on the LDACS system. We conclude that the proposed protection mechanisms successfully mitigate previously identified risks and only add minor time, data and computation overhead on top of the LDACS protocol stack. With this result, the security solutions are a good candidate to be included in the SESAR wave 2 updated LDACS specification.
ools, Science, and the Art of Compromise (2013)

When I moved my parents into our home, my 86-year-old father insisted on bringing his saddlebags. He said, “You can’t get a horseshoe hammer like mine anymore. And you never know when  DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v35i5_box
Operating Systems -- A Systematic View (1978)

From the Publisher:
B> The fifth edition of Operating Systems: A Systematic View offers a practical and applied introduction to operating system concepts, aimed at people interested in using computers, operating systems, and networks. The authors take a systematic view of the subject, where they provide insight into what is going on beneath the surface instead of focusing so much on OS theory. The intent is to show why operating systems are needed and what, at a functional level, they do. The book features an engaging, reader-friendly presentation written at a pace and level appropriate for novices, and contains extensive illustrations to visually reinforce concepts. Readers are guided through some of today's most widely used operating systems, including Linux, UNIX, and Windows 2000. Also included is coverage of several modern topics and technologies, with chapters on the Windows interface, Intel Pentium architecture, and Windows internals, as well as a section on network operating systems with chapters on client/server networks, Windows 2000, Novell, and the Internet. This book is designed for people from non-technical fields and backgrounds who simply need to know how to interact with, rather than how to design, an operating system. It requires no background in programming and only a working knowledge of basic algebra. It will also be of interest to computer programmers, technical managers, and applied practitioners who want a practical and applied introduction to operating systems.
Design and Implementation of Cascaded Multilevel qZSI Powered Single-Phase Induction Motor for Isolated Grid Water Pump Application (2019)

This article presents the design and implementation of solar-powered V/f controlled single-phase capacitor-start induction motor. Multilevel quasi impedance source inverter controls the power flowing from the photovoltaic (PV) array to a single-phase induction motor. In solar powered drive systems, the main concern is stable intended operation of drive when subjected to variations in power generation of the PV array. For same environmental conditions, the PV power extraction is different at different torques for constant speed application. Due to this, the extraction of maximum power with an MPPT algorithm is not achieved with only motor load. To address this concern, concept of the battery storage system is introduced in the system that helps in achieving maximum power when the PV power generation capability exceeds rated motor input power. In addition to this, battery storage system can supply power to the load when the PV power generation is less than the rated motor input power. Conclusively, the design of control algorithm must address issues of the MPPT algorithm, control of battery storage system, and stable operation of V/f-controlled induction motor drive operation. MATLAB/Simulink model of the proposed system with 4 kW PV array rating is developed. The proposed control algorithm achieves satisfactory operation of single-phase motor drive in all the three operation modes (depending upon PV power generation). The variation of the solar irradiation and temperature are simultaneously considered for introducing perturbation in the PV power generation. Hardware results for this system are also presented, which validates the effectiveness of the control algorithm for the proposed system.
Failure Surface Frontier for Reliability Assessment on Expensive Performance Function (2006)

This work proposes a novel concept of failure surface frontier (FSF), which is a hyper-surface consisting of the set of non-dominated failure points on the limit states of a failure region. Assumptions, definitions, and benefits of FSF are described first in detail. It is believed that FSF better represents the limit states for reliability assessment (RA) than conventional linear or quadratic approximations on the most probable point. Then, a discriminative sampling based algorithm is proposed to identify FSF, based on which the reliability can be directly assessed for expensive performance functions. Though an approximation model is employed to approximate the limit states, it is only used as a guide for sampling and a supplementary tool for RA. Test results on well-known problems show that FSF-based RA on expensive performance functions achieves high accuracy and efficiency, when compared with the state-of-the-art results archived in literature. Moreover, the concept of FSF and proposed RA algorithm are proved to be applicable to problems of multiple failure regions, multiple most probable points, or failure regions of extremely small probability.
Secure Incentivization for Decentralized Content Delivery (2018)

Prior research has proposed technical solutions to use peer-to-peer (P2P) content delivery to serve Internet video, showing that it can reduce costs to content providers. Yet, such methods have not become widespread except for a few niche instances. An important challenge is incentivization: what tangible benefits does P2P content delivery offer users who bring resources to the table? In this paper, we ask whether monetary incentives can help attract peers in P2P content delivery systems. We commissioned a professional survey of people around theUnited States to answer several relevant questions. We found that 51% of the 876 respondents--substantially larger than our expectations--answered "yes" to whether they would participate for suitable financial incentives. Encouraged by the results of the survey, we propose Gringotts, a system to structure incentives and securely incorporate P2P delivery into content delivery systems. Gringotts provides a novel Proof of Delivery mechanism that allows content providers to verify correct delivery of their files, and shows how to use cryptocurrency to pay peers while guarding against liars and Sybil attacks.
INTEGRATING FACEBOOK AND ALUMNI INTO THE SOCIAL NETWORK MOBILE PLATFORM (2014)

Social network systems have become one of the most popular Internet applications in recent years. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets make Internet access easier than ever before. They have also brought new opportunities for the social platforms of universities and their alumni. This paper proposes a mobile platform integrating the public social network site, facebook (FB), and universities' alumni. Before the users in this platform can contact the alumni, they must know their latest status from FB. Users can also gain alumniâ€™s personal information with their authorization from the universitiesâ€™ database. In addition, the mobile platform utilizes the Google Sync feature, which provides users of the system with ubiquitous information retrieval in any location and from any device. To cite this document: Tzuo-Ming Chen and Chi-Tsai Yeh, "Integrating Facebook and alumni into the social network mobile platform", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 109-114, 2014. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1031
Defining the origins of Ras/p53-mediated squamous cell carcinoma (2011)

The precise identity of cancer cells of origin and the molecular events of tumor initiation in epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are unknown. Here we show that malignancy potential is related to the developmental capacity of the initiating cancer cell in a genetically defined, intact, and inducible in vivo model. Specifically, these data demonstrate that SCCs can originate from inside the hair follicle stem cell (SC) niche or from immediate progenitors, whereas more developmentally restricted progeny, the transit amplifying (TA) cells, are unable to generate even benign tumors in the same genetic context. Using a temporal model of tumorigenesis in situ, we highlight the phenotypes of cancer progression from the hair follicle SC niche, including hyperplasia, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and SCC formation. Furthermore, we provide insights into the inability of hair follicle TA cells to respond to tumorigenic stimuli.