gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated electronic system for ultrasonic structural health monitoring (2012)

A fully integrated on-board electronic system that can perform in-situ structural health monitoring (SHM) of aircraft?s structures using specifically designed equipment for SHM based on guided wave ultrasonic method or Lamb waves? method is introduced. This equipment is called Phased Array Monitoring for Enhanced Life Assessment (PAMELA III) and is an essential part of overall PAMELA SHM? system. PAMELA III can generate any kind of excitation signals, acquire the response signals that propagate throughout the structure being tested, and perform the signal processing for damage detection directly on the structure without need to send the huge amount of raw signals but only the final SHM maps. It monitors the structure by means of an array of integrated Phased Array (PhA) transducers preferably bonded onto the host structure. The PAMELA III hardware for SHM mapping has been designed, built and subjected to laboratory tests, using aluminum and CFRP structures. The 12 channel system has been designed to be low weight (265 grams only), to have a small form factor, to be directly mounted above the integrated PhA transducers without need for cables and to be EMI protected so that the equipment can be taken on board an aircraft to perform required SHM analyses by use of embedded SHM algorithms. Moreover, the autonomous, automatic and on real-time working procedure makes it suitable for the avionic field, sending the corresponding alerts, maps and reports to external equipment.
[Cloning of the hepatitis B virus genome in Escherichia coli]. (1978)

The whole genome of the hepatitis B virus (Dane particles) was inserted in vitro in the genome of the bacteriophage lambda gtWES . LAMBDA B. The recombinant DNA molecule was cloned in E. coli. Amplification of the hybrid bacteriophage enables the preparation of large amounts of hepatitis B virus DNA. The possibilities offered by the utilization of this recombinant bacteriophage are discussed.
Control mechanism for lifting, lowering, and swinging record player tonearm (1982)

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Joint optimization of model and excitation in CELP-type speech coders (2003)

This paper presents a new analysis-by-synthesis (AbS) technique for joint optimization of the excitation and model parameters based on minimizing the closed loop synthesis error instead of the linear prediction error. By minimizing the synthesis error, the analysis and synthesis stages become more compatible. Using a gradient search in the root domain, model parameters for a given excitation are optimized to minimize the error between the original and the synthesized speech. Since the optimization starts from the LPC solution, the synthesis error is guaranteed to be lower than that obtained using the LPC coefficients. For the ITU G.729 speech codec there is about 1dB of improvement in the segmental SNR for male and female speakers over 4 to 6 second long sentences. By adding an extra optimization step, the technique can be incorporated into any parametric coder such as LPC, multi-pulse LPC and CLEP-type speech coders in a bit stream compatible manner.
FDSOI CMOS with dielectrically-isolated back gates and 30nm L<inf>G</inf> high-&#x03B3;/metal gate (2010)

We present a novel fully-depleted SOI CMOS technology with dielectrically-isolated polysilicon back gates, achieved by a double BOX substrate combined with dual-depth shallow trench isolation. CMOS devices down to 30nm gate length are fabricated with high-κ/metal gates. A novel isolation structure with liners is shown to achieve robust isolation between devices and back gates. Effective back gate control of CMOS V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> is demonstrated, which enables dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> design with power gating capability. Suppression of leakage and performance tolerances due to systematic process variations is discussed.
Sulfone/ester polymers containing pendent ethynyl groups (1985)

Abstract Sulfone/ester polymers containing pendent ethynyl groups were prepared by multistep and direct routes. Hydroxy‐terminated sulfone oligomers( M n = 2650 and 8890 g/mol) were reacted with diacid chlorides to yield high‐molecular‐weight polymers. In the multistep route, a pendent bromo group on the polymer was converted to an ethynyl group. In the direct route, the hydroxy‐terminated sulfone oligomers were reacted with a stoichiometric amount of 5‐(4‐ethynylphenoxy)isophthaloyl chloride to yield high polymers. The pendent ethynyl groups on the sulfone/ester polymers were reacted in the 200 to 300°C range to provide branching and crosslinking. The resultant polymers exhibited higher T g s and better resistance to chloroform than comparable polymers void of ethynyl groups. Films of the cured polymers displayed good mechanical properties. The synthesis and characterization of the monomer, oligomers, and polymers are discussed.
Structured Query Reformulations in Commerce Search (2012)

Recent work in commerce search has shown that understanding the semantics in user queries enables more effective query analysis and retrieval of relevant products. However, due to lack of sufficient domain knowledge, user queries often include terms that cannot be mapped directly to any product attribute. For example, a user looking for {\tt designer handbags} might start with such a query because she is not familiar with the manufacturers, the price ranges, and/or the material that gives a handbag designer appeal. Current commerce search engines treat terms such as {\tt designer} as keywords and attempt to match them to contents such as product reviews and product descriptions, often resulting in poor user experience. In this study, we propose to address this problem by reformulating queries involving terms such as {\tt designer}, which we call \emph{modifiers}, to queries that specify precise product attributes. We learn to rewrite the modifiers to attribute values by analyzing user behavior and leveraging structured data sources such as the product catalog that serves the queries. We first produce a probabilistic mapping between the modifiers and attribute values based on user behavioral data. These initial associations are then used to retrieve products from the catalog, over which we infer sets of attribute values that best describe the semantics of the modifiers. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach based on a comprehensive Mechanical Turk study. We find that users agree with the attribute values selected by our approach in about 95% of the cases and they prefer the results surfaced for our reformulated queries to ones for the original queries in 87% of the time.
Elastase inhibitor. Characterization of the human elastase inhibitor molecule associated with monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (1989)

A fast-acting inhibitor of serine elastase has been detected at high levels in human neutrophils, fresh monocytes, matured monocytes, and macrophages. The elastase inhibitor was isolated from large scale cultures of the monocyte-like cell line U937 by DNase chromatography, disulfide exchange, Phenyl-Sepharose, Red A-agarose, and DEAE HPLC chromatography with an average yield of 480 micrograms from 1.8 x 10(10) cells. The isolated polypeptide was verified as elastase inhibitor by its ability to (a) form a covalent complex with elastase; and (b) inhibit the elastinolytic activity of elastase. The purified elastase inhibitor molecule is unique, i.e., physiochemical and/or functional properties distinguish it from all other serine proteinase inhibitors. Treatment with iodoacetamide abrogates the ability of the molecule to form a complex with elastase, thereby providing evidence for the presence of an essential cysteine residue. Based on functional criteria, this elastase inhibitor has been grouped with the proteinase inhibitors of the serpin superfamily. The purified elastase inhibitor is a single polypeptide of Mr approximately 42,000. The NH2 terminus appears to be blocked. Compositional analyses indicates five cysteine residues per molecule of approximately 360 amino acid residues. Negligible levels of carbohydrate were detected on gas-liquid chromatography. This finding and the insensitivity of the molecule to peptide N-glycosidase F treatment strongly indicate that the elastase inhibitor is a nonglycosylated protein.
The reliability of measuring physical characteristics of spiculated masses on mammography (2006)

The goal of this study was to assess the reliability of measurements of the physical characteristics of spiculated masses on mammography. The images used in this study were obtained from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography. Two experienced radiologists measured the properties of 21 images of spiculated masses. The length and width of all spicules and the major axis of the mass were measured. In addition, the observers counted the total number of spicules. Interobserver and intraobserver variability were evaluated using a hypothesis test for equivalence, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman statistics. For an equivalence level of 30% of the mean of the senior radiologist's measurement, equivalence was achieved for the measurements of average spicule length (p<0.01), average spicule width (p = 0.03), the length of the major axis (p<0.01) and for the count of the number of spicules (p<0.01). Similarly, with the ICC analysis technique "excellent" inter-rater agreement was observed for the measurements of average spicule length (ICC = 0.770), the length of the major axis (ICC = 0.801) and for the count of the number of spicules (ICC = 0.780). "Fair to good" agreement was observed for the average spicule width (ICC = 0.561). Equivalence was also demonstrated for intraobserver measurements. Physical properties of spiculated masses can be measured reliably on mammography. The interobserver and intraobserver variability for this task is comparable with that reported for other measurements made on medical images.
Measurement of exceptional motion in VR video contents for VR sickness\n assessment using deep convolutional autoencoder (2018)

This paper proposes a new objective metric of exceptional motion in VR video\ncontents for VR sickness assessment. In VR environment, VR sickness can be\ncaused by several factors which are mismatched motion, field of view, motion\nparallax, viewing angle, etc. Similar to motion sickness, VR sickness can\ninduce a lot of physical symptoms such as general discomfort, headache, stomach\nawareness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and disorientation. To address the\nviewing safety issues in virtual environment, it is of great importance to\ndevelop an objective VR sickness assessment method that predicts and analyses\nthe degree of VR sickness induced by the VR content. The proposed method takes\ninto account motion information that is one of the most important factors in\ndetermining the overall degree of VR sickness. In this paper, we detect the\nexceptional motion that is likely to induce VR sickness. Spatio-temporal\nfeatures of the exceptional motion in the VR video content are encoded using a\nconvolutional autoencoder. For objectively assessing the VR sickness, the level\nof exceptional motion in VR video content is measured by using the\nconvolutional autoencoder as well. The effectiveness of the proposed method has\nbeen successfully evaluated by subjective assessment experiment using simulator\nsickness questionnaires (SSQ) in VR environment.\n
Improved Hairline Crack Detector and Poor Shell-Quality Eggs (2012)

As more egg processors are moving to in-line processing facilities, human egg graders are having difficulties detecting small hairline-cracks in table eggs. These small hair-line cracks are much harder to detect than larger or older cracks. To aid graders, a modified-pressure imaging system was developed to detect cracks in table eggs. The original system was modified and can now process 20 eggs at a time in batch mode. The eggs are positioned on rollers and held in a sealed clear acrylic chamber. The system utilizes high-intensity white LED lights for illumination and a stepper motor is now used to automate the rotation of the eggs. It also uses a high-resolution monochromatic camera to take images of the eggs. The first image is taken at atmospheric pressure and the second is taken while the chamber undergoes a short, rapid, negative change in pressure. If there is no crack, then there is effectively no difference in the two images. However, if a crack is present, it causes an increase in the intensity of the crack pixels in the negative-pressure image resulting in a significant difference between the two images. This difference (in the form of a ratio) is the basis for identifying a crack. Software then displays the egg images and color-codes each egg as either green (intact) or red (cracked) and highlights any cracks with a contrasting color. Typically, the system uses four sets of images to cover practically all the eggs surface and completes the crack detection in about 40 s. The modified system was tested with poor shell-quality eggs from multiple strains of hens to see if it would induce cracks in these eggs. Analysis of 3279 poor shell-quality eggs (both white and brown), from six strains of pre-molt hens, laid in the heat of the summer, resulted in only one crack caused by the system (0.03%). Thus, it is highly unusual for the system to cause cracks in intact eggs, even eggs with poor shell quality.
Process-shared and persistent code caches (2008)

Software code caches are increasingly being used to amortizethe runtime overhead of tools such as dynamic optimizers, simulators, and instrumentation engines. The additional memory consumed by these caches, along with the data structures used to manage them, limits the scalability of dynamic tool deployment. Inter-process sharing of code caches significantly improves the ability to efficiently apply code caching tools to many processes simultaneously.
Enhanced Effect of Combining Human Cardiac Stem Cells and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Reduce Infarct Size and to Restore Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction (2012)

Combining hMSCs and hCSCs as a cell therapeutic enhances scar size reduction and restores diastolic and systolic function toward normal after MI. Taken together, these findings illustrate important biological interactions between c-kit(+) CSCs and MSCs that enhance cell-based therapeutic responses.
Concerning RNA-Guided Gene Drives for the Alteration of Wild Populations (2014)

Abstract Gene drives may be capable of addressing ecological problems by altering entire populations of wild organisms, but their use has remained largely theoretical due to technical constraints. Here we consider the potential for RNA-guided gene drives based on the CRISPR nuclease Cas9 to serve as a general method for spreading altered traits through wild populations over many generations. We detail likely capabilities, discuss limitations, and provide novel precautionary strategies to control the spread of gene drives and reverse genomic changes. The ability to edit populations of sexual species would offer substantial benefits to humanity and the environment. For example, RNA-guided gene drives could potentially prevent the spread of disease, support agriculture by reversing pesticide and herbicide resistance in insects and weeds, and control damaging invasive species. However, the possibility of unwanted ecological effects and near-certainty of spread across political borders demand careful assessment of each potential application. We call for thoughtful, inclusive, and well-informed public discussions to explore the responsible use of this currently theoretical technology.
AlGaAs transverse junction stripe laser with distributed Bragg reflector (1980)

A new longitudinal mode stabilised AlGaAs transverse junction stripe laser with distributed Bragg reflector has been fabricated. Stabilised single longitudinal mode operation was obtained; temperature dependence of the lasing wavelength for the d.b.r. t.j.s. laser was 0.5 Å/°C.
Open-vocabulary keyword detection from super-large scale speech database (2008)

This paper presents our recent attempt to make a super-large scale spoken-term detection system, which can detect any keyword uttered in a 2,000-hour speech database within a few seconds. There are three problems to achieve such a system. The system must be able to detect out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms (OOV problem). The system has to respond to the user quickly without sacrificing search accuracy (search speed and accuracy problem). The pre-stored index database should be sufficiently small (index size problem). We introduced a phoneme-based search method to detect the OOV terms, and combined it with the LVCSR-based method. To search for a keyword from large-scale speech databases accurately and quickly, we introduced a multistage rescoring strategy which uses several search methods to reduce the search space in a stepwise fashion. Furthermore, we constructed an out-of-vocabulary/in-vocabulary region classifier, which allows us to reduce the size of the index database for OOVs. We describe the prototype system and present some evaluation results.
MUC4 Mucin Potentiates Pancreatic Tumor Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Invasive Properties and Interferes with Its Interaction to Extracellular Matrix Proteins (2007)

MUC4, a transmembrane mucin, is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas while remaining undetectable in the normal pancreas. Recent studies have shown that the expression of MUC4 is associated with the progression of pancreatic cancer and is inversely correlated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. In the present study, we have examined the phenotypic and molecular consequences of MUC4 silencing with an aim of establishing the mechanistic basis for its observed role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. The silencing of MUC4 expression was achieved by stable expression of a MUC4-specific short hairpin RNA in CD18/HPAF, a highly metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line. A significant decrease in MUC4 expression was detected in MUC4-knockdown (CD18/HPAF-siMUC4) cells compared with the parental and scrambled short interfering RNA-transfected (CD18/HPAF-Scr) control cells by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Consistent with our previous observation, inhibition of MUC4 expression restrained the pancreatic tumor cell growth and metastasis as shown in an orthotopic mouse model. Our in vitro studies revealed that MUC4-associated increase in tumor cell growth resulted from both the enhanced proliferation and reduced cell death. Furthermore, MUC4 expression was also associated with significantly increased invasiveness (P < or = 0.05) and changes in actin organization. The presence of MUC4 on the cell surface was shown to interfere with the tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions, in part, by inhibiting the integrin-mediated cell adhesion. An altered expression of growth- and metastasis-associated genes (LI-cadherin, CEACAM6, RAC1, AnnexinA1, thrombomodulin, epiregulin, S100A4, TP53, TP53BP, caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, plakoglobin, and neuregulin-2) was also observed as a consequence of the silencing of MUC4. In conclusion, our study provides experimental evidence that supports the functional significance of MUC4 in pancreatic cancer progression and indicates a novel role for MUC4 in cancer cell signaling.
A Dual Linear Polarization Highly Isolated Crossed Dipole Antenna for MPAR Application (2017)

The design of a dual-polarization antenna with high isolation between ports has always been a challenge in the antenna community. To overcome this issue, a pair of printed collocated bent dipoles with a unique excitation method, is introduced in this letter. A balun and parallel transmission line are concurrently designed for multifunction phased array radar in the frequency bandwidth of 2.7-3 GHz. To maximize the polarization purity of the antenna and eliminate the parasitic radiation of the balun, the radiating element is isolated from the balun by a set of ground planes. A better than 10-dB return loss and a measured port-to-port isolation of 52 dB over the whole bandwidth are achieved. The cross-polarization pattern remains 40 dB below the copolarization peak in the principal planes. Having a compact geometry, the proposed antenna can readily be extended to form an array.
Migraine Treatment (1997)

Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurring attacks of pain and associated symptoms. Migraine sufferers require a continuum of clinical care that depends on their disability and response to treatment. Treatment consists of: (1) prevention of attacks by avoidance of triggers; (2) the use of nonpharmacologic treatments; (3) treatment of the acute attack; and (4) long-term prophylactic therapy. Migraine is comorbid for affective disorders, epilepsy, stroke, and mitral valve prolapse. The therapy selected depends on the headache severity and frequency, the pattern of associated symptoms, comorbid illnesses, and the patient's treatment response profile. Acute treatment can be symptomatic or specific, using drugs such as dihydroergotamine (DHE) or sumatriptan. Preventive treatment can be episodic, subacute, or chronic. The major drug groups include beta-adrenergic blockers, anti-depressants, calcium channel blockers, serotonin antagonists, anticonvulsants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These can be divided into two major categories and second-line choices.
Digital implementation of driving scheme for synchronous rectification in LLC resonant converter (2010)

A digital implementation of synchronous rectification (SR) driving scheme for LLC resonant converter is proposed in this paper. Compared with analog ones, digital implementation enables more intelligent and precise SR control, improving converter efficiency. In the proposed SR driving scheme, the drain to source voltage of synchronous rectifier on the secondary side is sensed, so that the paralleled body diode conduction is detected. The SR turn-off time is digitally tuned based on the body diode conduction information. For rapid prototyping purposes, the digital tuning system is realized in Cyclone III FPGA.
Virtual Instrument for Online Electrical Capacitance Tomography (2011)

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a technique invented in the 1980’s to determine material distribution in the interior of an enclosed environment by means of external capacitance measurements (Huang et al., 1989a, 1992b). In a typical ECT system, 8 to 16 electrodes (Yang, 2010) are symmetrically mounted inside or outside a cylindrical container, as illustrated in Figure 1. During the period of a scanning frame, an excitation signal is applied to one of the electrodes and the remaining electrodes are acting as detector electrodes. Subsequently, the voltage potential at each of the detector electrodes is measured, one at a time, by the measurement electronics to determine the inter-electrode capacitance. Changes in these measured capacitance values indicate the variation of material distribution within the container, e.g. air bubbles translating within an oil flow. An image of permittivity distribution directly representing the materials distribution can be retrieved from the capacitance data through a back-projection algorithm (Isaksen, 1996).While image resolution associated with the ECT technique is lower than other tomographic techniques such as CT or optical imaging, it is advantageous in terms of its non-intrusive nature, portability, robustness, and no exposure to radiation hazard.