gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H.264/AVC substitution watermarking: a CAVLC example (2009)

This work addresses the watermarking of an entropy coded H.264/AVC video stream. The phrase Substitution Watermarking is used to imply that the application of the watermark to the stream is accomplished by substituting an original block of bits in the entropy-encoded stream with an alternative block of bits. This substitution is done for many different blocks of bits to embed the watermark. This can be a particularly powerful technique for applications in which the embedder must be very simple (substitution is a very light operation) and a computationally complex, pre-embedding analysis is practical. The pre-embedding analysis can generate a substitution table and the embedder can simply select entries from the table based on the payload. This paper presents the framework along with an example for H.264/AVC streams that use CAVLC for entropy coding. A separate paper addresses the CABAC entropy coding case.
Abstract 9172: Feasibility and Efficacy of Targeted Cardiac NF-kB Inhibition in Experimental Diastolic Dysfunction Using Drug-Delivery Technology: A Proof-of-Concept Study (2021)

Introduction: Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) are novel drug delivery vectors that can be fused to therapeutic agents and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), slowing their plasma clearance and increasing uptake by target tissues. We developed a CPP-ELP fusion to a specific inhibitor of the p50 subunit of NF-kB (SynB1-ELP-p50i). We developed a swine model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that also fosters hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction, and observed that cardiac abnormalities associate with increased cardiac expression of NF-kB, a ubiquitous transcription factor that modulates cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular remodeling. Hypothesis: We aimed to define the feasibility and efficacy of intra-coronary (IC) SynB1-ELP-p50i administration to test whether a targeted inhibition of NF-kB can improve cardiac abnormalities in CKD. Methods: We first performed a biodistribution study (BDS) in 3 pigs, 4 hours after IC injection of fluorescently labeled SynB1-ELP-p50i (10 mg/kg). Then, CKD was induced in 6 pigs (bilateral renovascular disease and dyslipidemia), treated with a single IC SynB1-ELP-p50i or placebo at 6 weeks and observed for 8 more weeks. Cardiac morphology and function were quantified before/after treatment by echocardiography. After completion of the studies, pigs were euthanized and hearts excised for ex vivo studies. Results: Using IVIS technology, the BDS showed significant retention of SynB1-ELP-p50i in the heart. In the efficacy study, a single IC administration of IC SynB1-ELP-p50i reduced cardiac NF-kB expression, improved cardiac relaxation, and remodeling compared to untreated CKD (Figure). Conclusions: We show for the first time the feasibility of a targeted inhibition of cardiac NF-kB using ELP technology in a translational model of CKD and diastolic dysfunction. Our study may set the stage for a new therapeutic strategy using unique drug-delivery technology never tested before to protect the heart.
A New Method for the Synthesis of Nonsymmetrical Sulfamides Using Burgess-Type Reagents (2002)

A practical and high-yielding method for the efficient, one-step synthesis of diverse classes of N,N′-differentiated sulfamides has been developed from a wide range of amino alcohols and simple amines using Burgess-type reagents (see scheme). This method enables the possible differentiation of both sides of any cyclic sulfamide product.
Development of controlled solid-state alignment for alnico permanent magnets in near-final shape (2017)

The 2011 price shock in the rare earth (RE) permanent magnet (PM) marketplace precipitated realization of extremely poor RE supply diversity and drove renewed research in RE-free permanent magnets such as “alnico.” Essentially, alnico is an Al-Ni-Co-Fe alloy with high magnetic saturation and TC, but low coercivity. It also was last researched extensively in the 1970’s. Currently alnico “9” magnets with the highest energy product (10MGOe) are manufactured by directional solidification to make highly aligned anisotropic magnets. This work developed novel powder processing techniques to improve on unaligned anisotropic alnico “8H” with elevated coercivity. Gas atomization was used to produce pre-alloyed powder for binder-assisted compression molding of near-final shape magnets that were vacuum sintered to full density (&lt;1% porosity). Biased grain growth with resulting grain alignment was achieved during a second solution annealing step, during which a uni-axial stress was applied along the axis parallel to the magnetization direction. Evaluation of heavily stressed samples (&gt;250g) showed reduced overall loop squareness compared to unaligned (equiaxed) 8H due to grain rotation-induced misalignment, while low stresses improved squareness and greatly improved alignment compared to equiaxed magnets, with squareness approaching 0.30 and remanence ratio as high as 0.79.
Parallel Unstructured Solver Methods for Complex Giant Reservoir Simulation (2007)

Abstract The major issues for parallel solver in a modern reservoir simulator are robustness, scalability, efficiency, and flexibility. There is significant interest in running fast field-scale simulation for complex giant Middle-East reservoirs which will require tens to hundreds of millions of grid cells to give reasonable resolution. At the same time, significant geologic complexity will require the treatment of dual permeability regions, faulting and fractures, and high variations of reservoir and fluid properties. Of course, the methods should also work well for extracted sector simulation with local grid refinements in both the structured and unstructured discretization. The preconditioning methods considered in this work include both the single-stage and multistage frameworks. In the single-stage framework, a novel method in addition to the well-known variants of incomplete LU factorizations [ILU0, ILU(k), and ILUT] is considered. The new method is a highly parallel method which in this paper will be referred to as the unstructured line solve power series (LSPS) method. The method will be discussed and contrasted in light of key issues for parallel linear solvers. The unstructured LSPS has certain interesting properties in the parallel construct which makes it a highly effective component. The multistage method researched in this work is of the constraint pressure residual (CPR) framework. The method uses approximate pressure solve as the first stage preconditioning to the full system preconditioning. A number of original adaptations based on this concept were researched. Here, the use of the parallel algebraic multigrid (AMG) method and other single-level methods mentioned above in combinations within the multistage CPR framework were explored. Certain methods constructed in this way are found to be highly efficient, scalable, and robust. The methods developed will be discussed and several test problems included in this paper.
Enhancing Resiliency and Delivery of Bridge Elements using Ultra-High Performance Concrete as Formwork (2019)

A feasibility study of the use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) shell as a formwork is presented. The core concept of the research, developed by the first author, is prefabrication of UHPC shell which acts as a stay-in-place formwork. In the proposed approach, after transporting the UHPC shell to site, the construction of structural elements is completed by placing reinforcing cage inside the UHPC shell and post-pouring with normal concrete. The superior properties of UHPC provide excellent means to enhance the service life of bridge elements, while eliminating the need for assembling or stripping of formwork. As a proof of concept, a combination of experimental and numerical studies was conducted, results of which are reported here. Before conducting experimental work, numerical study in the form of finite element analysis was carried out to investigate performance of shell during placement of the normal concrete. To provide a baseline comparison between UHPC shell formwork and conventional methods, two test specimens were constructed and tested under three-point load setup. The shell test specimen demonstrated flexural strength, 14% greater than an equivalent normal strength concrete specimen. The UHPC shell test specimen failure occurred by debonding of shell at the interface and development of a large crack in the shell. The shell test specimen exhibited improved levels of ductility before failure. The preliminary analysis demonstrated that the idea is feasible and useful for accelerated bridge construction applications.
Analysis of Human Cytochrome P450 Catalytic Activities and Expression. (1992)

Cytochromes P450 are a large group of membrane-associated heme protein monooxygenases, most of which are responsible for metabolizing foreign compounds. Chemical carcinogens, which are ingested or absorbed into the body as inert forms, are metabolically activated by P450s to electrophilic metabolites capable of binding to and mutating DNA. Different P450 forms are responsible for activation of the various classes of chemical carcinogens including the arylamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines and aflatoxins. Thus, the cellular constituency and levels of P450s could determine the fate of a particular carcinogen and the risk of humans to exposure. To study the catalytic activities of human P450s, human P450 cDNAs were cloned and expressed into active enzymes using cultured cells. By both transient and stable cDNA expression systems, several human P450s were found to be capable of metabolically-activating the human hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1. These cDNA expression systems can also be used to determine whether an unknown chemical will be activated by a human P450 and thus be toxic or mutagenic in humans. To assess the extent of interindividual variation in P450 expression, probes developed from P450 cDNAs are being used to quantify levels of P450 mRNAs in various human tissues. Studies using RNase protection revealed that the closely related CYP2B6 and CYP2B7 mRNAs could be independently quantified in liver and lung, respectively. This procedure can be used to examine expression of different P450 genes in banks of human tissue specimens.
Polarization of Fast Atomic Beams by "Collisional Pumping": A Proposal for Production of Intense Polarized Beams (1984)

Production of nuclear-spin-polarized atoms by "collisional pumping" is proposed. Collisional pumping utilizes a succession of charge-transfer collisions between a fast ion or atom beam and a thick electron-spin-polarized target to polarize the beam. Calculational results are presented for 20-keV/u H or D ions or atoms incident on a polarized target. The process appears to have unique capabilities for polarizing fast H, D, T, and perhaps other nuclei, with the possibility of producing ampere currents.
Cooling Effect of a MEMS Based Micro Capillary Pumped Loop for Chip-Level Temperature Control (2000)

Abstract Utilizing current Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technologies, a three-port micro-capillary pumped loop (micro-CPL) was designed, fabricated and tested to provide integral cooling to electronics or MEMS type devices. The two wafer design consists of one silicon and one borofloat glass wafer. An analytical study was used in determining the geometry of the device, including the evaporator dimensions (1000 μm × 2000 μm) and the length of the liquid and vapor lines (35 mm). Using laser spot heating, the finished device was run near steady-state. It was determined that the micro-CPL resulted in a backside cooling effect of at least 7 C when a laser delivering 7.5 W (+/− 0.2 W) with a spot-size diameter of 1.0 mm was focused on the front side of the evaporator region.
Nuclear reactor coolant and cover gas system. [LMFBR] (1976)

We uncovered a new pathway of interplay between calreticulin and myocyte-enhancer factor (MEF) 2C, a cardiac-specific transcription factor. We establish that calreticulin works upstream of calcineurin and MEF2C in a Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction cascade that links the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus during cardiac development. In the absence of calreticulin, translocation of MEF2C to the nucleus is compromised. This defect is reversed by calreticulin itself or by a constitutively active form of calcineurin. Furthermore, we show that expression of the calreticulin gene itself is regulated by MEF2C in vitro and in vivo and that, in turn, increased expression of calreticulin affects MEF2C transcriptional activity. The present findings provide a clear molecular explanation for the embryonic lethality observed in calreticulin-deficient mice and emphasize the importance of calreticulin in the early stages of cardiac development. Our study illustrates the existence of a positive feedback mechanism that ensures an adequate supply of releasable Ca(2+) is maintained within the cell for activation of calcineurin and, subsequently, for proper functioning of MEF2C.
Loblolly pine SSR markers for shortleaf pine genetics (2007)

Mining has always been among the most hazardous of occupations, and with the increasing demand for coal and minerals safety in mines assumes even greater importance. This article describes the present situation with regard to conditions in mines, the diseases and disabilities resulting from them, and measures that can be taken to prevent or treat them. The hazards covered are: accidents, dust (including poisoning by certain ores), high temperature and humidity, noise and vibration, toxic gases, and miscellaneous other hazards.
An <i>X</i>-Band Code-Modulated Interferometric Imager (2021)

Code-modulated interferometry (CMI) enables a lens-less approach to imaging in which incoming signals are code modulated, combined, and processed through a shared hardware path; visibility functions are demodulated from an aggregate power-detected response; and an image is obtained using an inverse Fourier transform of the visibility samples. CMI allows the imager to be constructed using low-cost conventional beamforming hardware. This article presents the theory of operation of a code-modulated interferometer array intended for active imaging. This includes the selection of codes, the use of phase shifters for modulation, the demodulation of visibility functions, the necessary calibration, and the image processing. The architecture and design of an active imaging prototype is then presented, where it is created using a commercially available 16-element 8–16 GHz beamforming receiver along with a sparse antenna array that generates 169 distinct visibility samples. The imaging capabilities are demonstrated through the detection of multiple point sources at 10 GHz. Finally, the feasibility of creating a larger 64-element imager with 961 visibility samples is demonstrated through construction and measurements of a single row within that array.
A dual-regime mode-locked/Q-switched laser using a saturable absorber incorporating carbon nanotubes (SAINT) (2003)

This paper presents the first demonstration of a pulsed laser based on a saturable absorber incorporating carbon nanotubes (SAINT), capable of mode-lock/Q-switch dual-regime operation. The carbon nanotube-based device shows unparallel performance with a potential to greatly impact pulse laser design and development.
Concentration of manganese tailings via reverse flotation in an acid médium (2016)

Beneficiation of manganese ores has been conducted around the world by circuits composed basically of crushing, screening and spiral classifier. Therefore, solely the coarse size fractions (and commonly the richest) are actually recovered: "lump" (-75+9mm) and "sinter feed" (-9+0.15mm). In the industrial plant which processes the ore from the Azul Mine-PA, the overflow of the spiral classifier (- 0.15mm) is disposed of in a tailings dam because it bears a low Mn content (<10%) and high kaolinite content (70%). This paper reports the findings of a process development conducted on laboratory scale with the aim of concentrating Mn-bearing minerals from the tailings of the Azul Mine-PA (7% of Mn and 70% of kaolinite). The process is composed of desliming (-10µm), followed by reverse cationic flotation of kaolinite (rougher, scavenger) at pH~5. Results indicate that the reverse cationic flotation in the acid medium, when utilizing amide amine as collector and in the presence of a silicate activator and a dispersing agent could be a possible route for the concentration of tailings that had previously been deslimed at 10µm. The results yielded a mass recovery of 18%, a metallurgical recovery of 50% and a 32% Mn concentrate which may be mixed with current high grade products, increasing the overall recovery of the plant.
Accumulating Automata and Cascaded Equations Automata for Communicationless Information Theoretically Secure Multi-Party Computation (2015)

Information theoretically secure multi-party computation implies severe communication overhead among the computing participants, as there is a need to reduce the polynomial degree after each multiplication. In particular, when the input is (practically) unbounded, the number of multiplications and therefore the communication bandwidth among the participants may be practically unbounded. In some scenarios the communication among the participants should better be avoided altogether, avoiding linkage among the secret share holders. For example, when processes in clouds operate over streaming secret shares without communicating with each other, they can actually hide their linkage and activity in the crowd. An adversary that is able to compromise processes in the cloud may need to capture and analyze a very large number of possible shares.
ML decoding via mixed-integer adaptive linear programming (2007)

Linear programming (LP) decoding was introduced by Feldman et al. (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory Mar. 2005) as a novel way to decode binary low-density parity-check codes. Taghavi and Siegel (Proc. ISIT 2006) describe a computationally simplified decoding approach they term "adaptive" LP decoding. Adaptive LP decoding starts with a sub-set of the LP constraints, and iteratively adds violated constraints until an optimum of the original LP is found. Usually only a tiny fraction of the original constraints need to be reinstated, leading to huge efficiency gains compared to ordinary LP decoding. Here we describe a modification of the adaptive LP decoder that results in a maximum likelihood (ML) decoder. Whenever the adaptive LP decoder returns a pseudo-codeword rather than a codeword, we add an integer constraint on the least certain symbol of the pseudo-codeword. For certain codes, and especially in the high-SNR (error floor) regime, only a few integer constraints are required to force the resultant mixed-integer LP to the ML solution. We demonstrate that our approach can efficiently achieve the optimal ML decoding performance on a (155,64) LDPC code introduced by Tanner et al.
Identification of a novel mammalian annexin. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis, and ubiquitous expression of the annexin XI gene. (1992)

Annexins (or lipocortins) are a family of at least 10 structurally related calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins. Each protein consists of a conserved core domain having four (or eight) repeats of a segment approximately 70 amino acids in length and a nonconserved, usually short, amino-terminal domain. To date, amino acid sequences for eight distinct mammalian annexins have been predicted from cDNAs. This report describes an additional member of this family, bovine annexin XI, identified by cDNA cloning and sequence analysis. The 503-amino acid deduced protein consists of a core domain of four annexin repeats and a long amino-terminal domain rich in glycine, proline, and tyrosine. This novel annexin gene is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and isolated cells in culture.
Sorbent/Ash Reactivation for Enhanced SO<sub>2</sub> Capture Using a Novel Carbonation Technique (1999)

A novel process has been developed for reactivation of partially utilized calcium-based sorbents for increased SO2 removal and sorbent utilization from coal-fired boilers/combustors. Spent sorbent and combustor ash samples are treated under specific conditions to modify their internal structure and expose the under-utilized calcium for further SO2 capture. The reactivated sorbent shows a significant improvement in utilization, increasing from less than 45% to nearly 100%. Application of this novel reactivation process to ash samples obtained from a circulating fluidized-bed combustor also shows a marked improvement in utilization of available calcium, nearly doubling the amount of sulfur captured. The reactivation process involves carbonation of the unsulfated calcium. Better redistribution and exposure of the available calcium by the carbonation reactivation process, as compared to reactivation via hydration, is proposed as the main factor in increasing the sorbent utilization. The increased ultimate sorbent utilization obtained by this reactivation process could significantly improve the sorbent-based flue gas desulfurization technology.
Ultrasonic motors (1993)

An ultrasonic motor is proposed which uses two piezoelectric elements in the stator. One element is used to generate a vibration polarized with respect to the direction of motion of the rotor or the slider. The other one generates a vibration perpendicular to the motion of the rotor. By imaging the ratio of the vibration amplitudes and the phase, the Lissajous figure of the particle on the stator surface can be controlled easily. This makes it possible to operate the motor stably, even at low speed. >
Identification of a genetic risk factor for systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the 5?-flanking region of the TNF? gene and HLA genes (1999)

The -1,031C/-863A allele and the -857T allele of the TNFalpha gene, both of which are related to high production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, are associated with systemic JRA. The -857T allele may enhance the effect of the DRB1*0405/DQB1*0401 haplotype in predisposing to development of systemic JRA.
Formation of Vinblastine in Multiple Shoot Culture of<i>Catharanthus roseus</i> (1988)

Vinblastine, a clinically useful antitumor alkaloid, was isolated from a multiple shoot culture induced from seedlings of Catharanthus roseus (L). G. Don and identified by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis. The level of the alkaloid in the culture was about 15 µg/g dry weight, much more than in callus culture. Vinblastine was mostly found in the leaf tissue of the culture. Production of this alkaloid and morphological characteristics have been maintained during repeated subculture for a long time. The results suggest that the production of vinblastine is closely associated with morphological differentiation.
Understanding wide field-of-view flat lenses: an analytical solution [Invited] (2022)

Wide field-of-view (FOV) optics are widely used in various imaging, display, and sensing applications. Conventional wide FOV optics rely on complicated lens assembly comprising multiple elements to suppress coma and other Seidel aberrations. The emergence of flat optics exemplified by metasurfaces and diffractive optical elements (DOEs) offers a promising route to expand the FOV without escalating complexity of optical systems. To date, design of large FOV flat lenses has been relying upon iterative numerical optimization. Here, we derive, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, an analytical solution to enable computationally efficient design of flat lenses with an ultra-wide FOV approaching 180. This analytical theory further provides critical insights into working principles and otherwise non-intuitive design trade-offs of wide FOV optics.