gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Macintosh laryngoscope (1984)

It is 40 years since Sir Robert Macintosh discovered the principle of indirect elevation of the epiglottis and developed the laryngoscope which bears his name. The author celebrates the anniversary of this revolution in intubation with some notes on the early commercial history of the instrument and a description of a Longworth version made about 1945.
Aigialomycins A−E, New Resorcylic Macrolides from the Marine Mangrove Fungus <i>Aigialus </i><i>p</i><i>arvus</i> (2002)

Aigialomycins A-E (2-6), new 14-membered resorcylic macrolides, were isolated together with a known hypothemycin (1) from the mangrove fungus, Aigialus parvus BCC 5311. Structures of these compounds, including absolute configuration, were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, chemical conversions, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Hypothemycin and aigialomycin D (5) exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity with IC(50) values of 2.2 and 6.6 microg/mL, respectively, while other analogues were inactive. Cytotoxicities of these compounds were also evaluated.
Advanced Machine Learning Approach for Lithium-Ion Battery State Estimation in Electric Vehicles (2015)

To fulfill reliable battery management in electric vehicles (EVs), an advanced State-of-Charge (SOC) estimator is developed via machine learning methodology. A novel genetic algorithm-based fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering technique is first used to partition the training data sampled in the driving cycle-based test of a lithium-ion battery. The clustering result is applied to learn the topology and antecedent parameters of the model. Recursive least-squares algorithm is then employed to extract its consequent parameters. To ensure good accuracy and resilience, the backpropagation learning algorithm is finally adopted to simultaneously optimize both the antecedent and consequent parts. Experimental results verify that the proposed estimator exhibits sufficient accuracy and outperforms those built by conventional fuzzy modeling methods.
Economisers Offer Scope for Optimising Compressors (1995)

A case study is highlighted to understand how a minimum capital cost installation of a refrigerator compressor can be modified to greatly improve both the energy consumption and capacity of the system. The benefits and advantages offered by an economizer are highlighted.
Highway Work Zone Dynamic Traffic Control Using Machine Learning (2006)

The focus of this paper is on the application of intelligent transportation systems to work zone traffic management on highways. More specifically, to provide real-time routing information to drivers as they enter the work zone, to assure optimal distribution of traffic across available routes. This paper introduces the use of reinforcement learning, to provide optimal diversion control for a freeway-arterial or express/collector corridor affected by work zones. The paper presents the methodology, development, and simulated testing and results of the machine learning agent. The approach focuses on providing effective route recommendations through variable message signs in order to minimize system wide delay and congestion due to construction. A micro simulation tool - PARAMICS has been used to train the agent on a model of the 401 freeway in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Obtained results demonstrate the high potential of this work zone traffic control approach
Incidence of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization (1997)

These data provide information about the importance of community-acquired pneumonia and the relative and overall impact of specific causes of pneumonia. The study provides a basis for choosing optimal empiric pneumonia therapy, and allows interventions for prevention of pneumonia to be targeted at groups at greatest risk for serious illness and death.
A redetermination of the argon content of air for buoyancy corrections in mass standard comparisons (2004)

A redetermination of the argon mole fraction in air has been undertaken in two samples of dried natural air using mass spectrometric analysis with reference to a suite of gravimetrically prepared synthetic dry air mixtures. The resulting measurement of the argon mole fraction was 9.332 mmol mol−1 with a combined standard uncertainty of 3 µmol mol−1. This is significantly different from the value, 9.17 mmol mol−1, conventionally employed in the CIPM formula for the determination of the density of moist air during mass standard comparisons. Using the presently reported argon mole fraction value in the CIPM formula rather than the conventional value removes the recently identified discrepancy between the two methods of determining the density of moist air during mass standard comparisons: the CIPM formula method and the air buoyancy artefacts method. Nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide mole fractions in the dry air samples were obtained simultaneously.
3D Vision Guided Robotic Charging Station for Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (2017)

Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) are rapidly gaining popularity on our roads. Besides a comparatively high purchasing price, the main two problems limiting their use are the short driving range and inconvenient charging process. In this paper we address the following by presenting an automatic robot-based charging station with 3D vision guidance for plugging and unplugging the charger. First of all, the whole system concept consisting of a 3D vision system, an UR10 robot and a charging station is presented. Then we show the shape-based matching methods used to successfully identify and get the exact pose of the charging port. The same approach is used to calibrate the camera-robot system by using just known structure of the connector plug and no additional markers. Finally, a three-step robot motion planning procedure for plug-in is presented and functionality is demonstrated in a series of successful experiments.
Unsupervised End-to-end Learning for Deformable Medical Image Registration (2017)

We propose a registration algorithm for 2D CT/MRI medical images with a new unsupervised end-to-end strategy using convolutional neural networks. The contributions of our algorithm are threefold: (1) We transplant traditional image registration algorithms to an end-to-end convolutional neural network framework, while maintaining the unsupervised nature of image registration problems. The image-to-image integrated framework can simultaneously learn both image features and transformation matrix for registration. (2) Training with additional data without any label can further improve the registration performance by approximately 10 %. (3) The registration speed is 100x faster than traditional methods. The proposed network is easy to implement and can be trained efficiently. Experiments demonstrate that our system achieves state-of-the-art results on 2D brain registration and achieves comparable results on 2D liver registration. It can be extended to register other organs beyond liver and brain such as kidney, lung, and heart.
Chiral Molecules Split Light: Reflection and Refraction in a Chiral Liquid (2006)

A light beam changes direction as it enters a liquid at an angle from another medium, such as air. Should the liquid contain molecules that lack mirror symmetry, then it has been predicted by Fresnel that the light beam will not only change direction, but will actually split into two separate beams with a small difference in the respective angles of refraction. Here we report the observation of this phenomenon. We also demonstrate that the angle of reflection does not equal the angle of incidence in a chiral medium. Unlike conventional optical rotation, which depends on the path-length through the sample, the reported reflection and refraction phenomena arise within a few wavelengths at the interface and thereby suggest a new approach to polarimetry that can be used in microfluidic volumes.
Carbazole-Containing Conjugated Copolymers as Colorimetric/Fluorimetric Sensor for Iodide Anion (2006)

A series of conjugated poly(p-phenylene carbazole) copolymers, poly(N-hexyl-3,6-carbazole-alt-2,5-bisdodecyloxyphenylene) [P1], poly(N-ethylhexyl-3,6-carbazole-alt-2,5-bisdodecyloxyphenylene) [P2], and poly(N-dodecyl-3,6-carbazole-alt-2,5-bisdodecyloxyphenylene) [P3] were prepared by using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. All copolymers were characterized by means of FT-IR, GPC, 1H and 13C NMR, UV−vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction patterns. All copolymers were soluble in common organic solvents, exhibited good thermal stability up to 390 °C, and showed UV−vis absorbance and fluorescence maxima around 328 and 394 nm, respectively. The polymers P1−P3 differed in N-alkyl substitution, i.e., n-hexyl (for P1), n-ethylhexyl (for P2), and n-dodecyl (for P3) groups. In addition, a third monomer, 2,5-substituted pyridine for poly(N-ethylhexyl-3,6-carbazole-co-2,5-didodecyloxy phenylene-co-2,5-pyridine) (P4) and dialkylated fluorene for poly(N-ethylhexyl-3,6-carbazole-co-2,5-didodecyloxy phenylene-co-9,9‘-dihexylfluorene) (P5) was incorporated into the copolymer P2 to investigate the influence on their optical properties. The UV−vis and fluorescence maxima of P4 and P5 showed significant red shift in λmax by 29 and 19 nm and Δλem of 38 and 21 nm, respectively as compared to the polymers P1−P3. The quantum efficiencies of these polymers (52−78%) were relatively higher and may have good applications in the fabrication of LEDs. The UV−vis and fluorescence spectra of the polymers were significantly affected by the addition of tetrabutylammonium iodide and other metal iodides. A colorless polymer solution turns to deep yellow color on the addition of iodide salts. This change is, however, not observed in the presence of other anions such as fluoride, chloride and bromide salts. Therefore, the polymers P1−P5 may be useful in fabricating selective iodide sensors.
Current Harmonic Compensation by a Single-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Controlled by Adaptive Neural Filtering (2009)

This paper presents a single-phase shunt active power filter (APF) for current harmonic compensation based on neural filtering. The shunt active filter, realized by a current-controlled inverter, has been used to compensate a nonlinear current load by receiving its reference from a neural adaptive notch filter. This is a recursive notch filter for the fundamental grid frequency (50 Hz) and is based on the use of a linear adaptive neuron (ADALINE). The filter's parameters are made adaptive with respect to the grid frequency fluctuations. A phase-locked loop system is used to extract the fundamental component from the coupling point voltage and to estimate the actual grid frequency. The current control of the inverter has been performed by a multiresonant controller. The estimated grid frequency is fed to the neural adaptive filter and to the multiresonant controller. In this way, the inverter creates a current equal in amplitude and opposite in sign to the load harmonic current, thus producing an almost sinusoidal grid current. An automatic tuning of the multiresonant controller is implemented, which recognizes the largest three harmonics of the load current to be compensated by the APF. The stability analysis of the proposed control system is shown. The methodology has been applied in numerical simulations and experimentally to a properly devised test setup, also in comparison with the classic sinusoidal current control based on the P-Q theory.
Stem Cell Recruitment After Injury: Lessons for Regenerative Medicine (2012)

Tissue repair and regeneration are thought to involve resident cell proliferation as well as the selective recruitment of circulating stem and progenitor cell populations through complex signaling cascades. Many of these recruited cells originate from the bone marrow, and specific subpopulations of bone marrow cells have been isolated and used to augment adult tissue regeneration in preclinical models. Clinical studies of cell-based therapies have reported mixed results, however, and a variety of approaches to enhance the regenerative capacity of stem cell therapies are being developed based on emerging insights into the mechanisms of progenitor cell biology and recruitment following injury. This article discusses the function and mechanisms of recruitment of important bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cell populations following injury, as well as the emerging therapeutic applications targeting these cells.
Test results and status of the DOE/Sandia 34-m VAWT Test Bed (2020)

The DOE/Sandia 34-m VAWT Test Bed has been fully operational for over a year. During that time extensive performance data have been gathered. This paper first briefly discusses the background and evolution of this research turbine and its testing philosophy. Next, specific results are presented in the areas of aerodynamics, structural dynamics, and operation and control. The aerodynamics section primarily discusses measured versus predicted output power. In the structural dynamics section turbine response is presented with results shown for rotating natural frequencies and stresses at critical (blade) locations. Finally, operation and control results are presented, which include normal start/stop, speed variation, emergency handling and power quality issues. 16 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.
What do you do? Perceptions of nurse manager responsibilities (2012)

In Brief Given managers' influence on retention, satisfaction, productivity, and outcomes, organizationsare wise to seek ways to better understand this critical role and foster a climate that develops, engages, and empowers these leaders.
Occurence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in domestic cats with upper respiratory tract infections (2016)

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a widespread Gram-negative pathogen occurring in different mammal species. It is known to play a role in the etiology of infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine, canine kennel cough, respiratory syndromes of cats, rabbits and guinea pigs, and sporadic human cases have also been reported. The aim of this article is to present the occurrence of infections caused by these bacteria in domestic cats with respiratory symptoms, as well as to conduct a molecular analysis of the flaA gene B. bronchiseptica for the purpose of ascertaining whether cats become infected with one or more bacteria strains. B. bronchiseptica was isolated from the respiratory system of 16 out of 35 domestic cats with symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of B. bronchiseptica flaA was performed to reveal the possible differences in nucleotide sequences of the flagellin gene. The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences obtained during PCR indicated that the isolates of bacteria from our own studies are characterised by 100% homology of the analysed fragment of the flaA gene, which suggests maintenance of a single genotype of these microorganisms in the cat population. Moreover, the bacteria revealed full homology with reference strain B. bronchiseptica ATCC 4617, and 99.4% homology with strain B. parapertussis ATCC 15311. This indicates that the PCR optimised for the Bordetella spp. flaA gene, combined with sequencing of amplicons obtained in PCR, is an effective diagnostic method allowing differentiation of Bordetella spp. type microorganisms.
Seasonal Response of Woody Plants to Tebuthiuron Pellets (1985)

Pelleted tebuthiuron { N -[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]- N,N ′-dimethylurea} was hand broadcast at 2.2 and 4.5 kg ai/ha every month for 2 yr on an area infested with live oak ( Quercus virginiana Mill. ♯ 4 QUEVI), post oak ( Q. stellata Wangenh. ♯ QUESL), parsley hawthorn ( Crataegus marshallii Egglest. ♯ CSCMS), and yaupon ( Ilex vomitoria Ait. ♯ ILEVO) on the Gulf Coast Prairie near Cordele, TX. Live oak, post oak, and parsley hawthorn trees were killed at most rates and dates of tebuthiuron application. Applications of 2.2 kg/ha of tebuthiuron killed 90% or more of the yaupon plants when it was applied in October and December 1975 and February, March, and June 1976 and less than 90% when applied at other dates. On another site, pelleted tebuthiuron was aerially applied at 2.2 and 4.5 kg/ha every 3 months during 1978 and 1979 in the Post Oak Savannah near Bryan, TX. At 2.2 kg/ha, tebuthiuron killed all post oak and 80% or more of the blackjack oak ( Q. marilandica Muechh.), yaupon, winged elm ( Ulmus alata Michx. ♯ ULMAL), and mockernut hickory ( Carya tomentosa Nutt.) regardless of date treated. Tree huckleberry ( Vaccinium arboreum Marsh.) killed by tebuthiuron when applied at 2.2 kg/ha ranged from 34% in July 1979 to 69% from application in February 1978. Application of 4.5 kg/ha of tebuthiuron killed 83% or more of the tree huckleberry when it was applied in January and April 1978 and January, April, July, and October 1979. Herbaceous plant cover usually increased by the second season.
A 1-/spl mu/m Mo-Poly 64-Kbit MOS RAM (1980)

This paper describes a 1-m 64-kbit MOS RAM using Mo-poly technology. New 1-/spl mu/ m double-gate technology using molybdenum and polysilicon (Mo-poly technology) is proposed. In this technology, molybdenum and polysilicon are used for word lines and storage capacitor electrodes in the memory cell, respectively. Therefore, the propagation delay in a word line becomes extremely small and memory cell size is reduced. New two step annealing was developed for stabilizing an Mo-gate MOS structure. Design is optimized for 1-/spl mu/ m Si-gate FET's in peripheral circuitry. A 1-/spl mu/ m Mo-poly 64-kbit MOS RAM was experimentally fabricated by using 1/spl mu/ m process technologies. The cell size and die size were 8 /spl mu/ m X 8 /spl mu/ m and 3 mm X 3 mm, respectively. Access time was less than 100 ns.
The melting curve of gold, silver, and copper to 60‐Kbar pressure: A reinvestigation (1979)

The melting curves of gold, silver, and copper were redetermined by differential thermal analysis to 60‐kbar pressure. The experiments were carried out with an end‐loaded piston‐cylinder high‐pressure apparatus using a recently developed low‐friction cell. Significant improvements in the precision of the temperature determination above 40 kbar were obtained. We observed a slight lowering of the melting temperature of copper when graphite capsules were used, which is consistent with our past experience and indicates some alloying of the copper and carbon. The following parabolic functions (T m = a 3 + [a 2 (P − a 1 )] ½ 10 8 a 2 ) were fitted to the raw data, and the data corrected for the influence of pressure on the emf of the thermocouples (in parenthesis): gold, T m = −2439.28 + [0.262850×10 −4 (P + 322.668)]½ × 2628.50 (T m = −1773.88 + [0.309303×10 −4 (P + 249.167)]½ × 3093.03); silver, T m = −261.759 + [0.661750×10 −4 (P + 99.085)]½ × 6617.50 (T m = −194.145 + [0.668583 × 10 −4 (P + 89.347)]½ × 6685.83); and copper, T m = 129.171 + [0.134011×10 −3 (P + 122.305)]½ × 134.011 (T m = 199.265 + [0.135218×10 −3 (P + 105.960)]½ × 135.218). The precision of the pressure measurements at the 90% confidence level is 0.3±0.5 kbar. The precision in the temperature is ±5°C. A revision of a previously made suggestion for a high‐pressure calibration scale based on the melting temperatures of pure elements is proposed.
Fault-Tolerance Mechanism Analysis on NVDLA-Based Design Using Open Neural Network Compiler and Quantization Calibrator (2020)

The NVIDIA Deep Learning Accelerator (NVDLA) provides free intellectual property licensing to IC chip vendors and researchers to build a chip that uses deep neural networks for inference applications. The Open Neural Network Compiler (ONNC) provides an extensible compiler, a quantization calibrator and optimization supports for running DNN models on NVDLA-based SoCs. Even with open-sourced NVDLA and ONNC, conducting the development of an AI chip still brings up many productivity issues in the mass production stage, such as SRAM MBIST (Memory Built-In Self Test) fail, scan-chain fail etc. When applying Fault-Tolerance Mechanism in error-tolerant applications such as image classification by using the AI CNN model, this paper presents a light-weight Fault-Tolerance Mechanism to effectively enhance the robustness of NVDLA-based edge AI chip when encountering internal SRAM stuck fault. Our non-accurate MAC calculation for the whole convolution computation leads to a very promising quality of results compared to the case when an exactly accurate convolution operation is used. The Fault-Tolerance Mechanism analysis and design described in this paper can also apply to the similar fixed-point deep learning accelerator design, and opens new opportunities for research as well as product development.
Estimating Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions Using GPS Big Data (2018)

The energy consumption and emissions from vehicles adversely affect human health and urban sustainability. Analysis of GPS big data collected from vehicles can provide useful insights about the quantity and distribution of such energy consumption and emissions. Previous studies, which estimated fuel consumption/emissions from traffic based on GPS sampled data, have not sufficiently considered vehicle activities and may have led to erroneous estimations. By adopting the analytical construct of the space-time path in time geography, this study proposes methods that more accurately estimate and visualize vehicle energy consumption/emissions based on analysis of vehicles' mobile activities (<i>MA</i>) and stationary activities (<i>SA</i>). First, we build space-time paths of individual vehicles, extract moving parameters, and identify <i>MA</i> and <i>SA</i> from each space-time path segment (STPS). Then we present an N-Dimensional framework for estimating and visualizing fuel consumption/emissions. For each STPS, fuel consumption, hot emissions, and cold start emissions are estimated based on activity type, i.e., <i>MA</i>, <i>SA</i> with engine-on and <i>SA</i> with engine-off. In the case study, fuel consumption and emissions of a single vehicle and a road network are estimated and visualized with GPS data. The estimation accuracy of the proposed approach is 88.6%. We also analyze the types of activities that produced fuel consumption on each road segment to explore the patterns and mechanisms of fuel consumption in the study area. The results not only show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in estimating fuel consumption/emissions but also indicate their advantages for uncovering the relationships between fuel consumption and vehicles' activities in road networks.
Total Variation Based Image Cartoon-Texture Decomposition (2005)

This paper studies algorithms for decomposing a real image into the sum of cartoon and texture based on total variation minimization and second-order cone programming (SOCP). The cartoon is represented as a function of bounded variation while texture (and noise) is represented by elements in the space of oscillating functions, as proposed by Yves Meyer. Our approach gives more accurate results than those obtained previously by Vese-Osher's approximation to Meyer's model, which we also formulate and solve as an SOCP. The model of minimizing total variation with an L1-norm fidelity term is also considered and empirically shown to achieve even better results when there is no noise. This model is analyzed and shown to be able to select features of an image according to their scales.