gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Injection of cobalt protoporphyrin into the medial nuclei of the hypothalamus elicits weight loss (1992)

Intracerebroventricular administration of small amounts (0.1 mumol/kg body wt) of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), a synthetic analogue of heme, results in transient hypophagia and prolonged reduction in body weight of rats. Statistically significant hypophagia is detectable within 3 h of CoPP infusion. These changes are accompanied by prompt and sustained reductions in running wheel revolutions, a measure of spontaneous locomotor activity. Bilateral intrahypothalamic injections of CoPP at far lower doses (4 nmol/rat) resulted in similar findings following infusion into the paraventricular, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei, but the compound had no such effect when injected into the thalamus or the lateral hypothalamic area. These effects were also observed following microinjection of the natural metalloporphyrin, heme, into the medial hypothalamic nuclei. Inorganic cobalt, iron, protoporphyrin, and magnesium protoporphyrin injected similarly were without such effect. These findings provide further evidence that the site of the previously described actions of CoPP in reducing food intake and body weight in rats resides, at least in part, in the medial hypothalamus. Furthermore, this study expands the spectrum of metalloporphyrins that act in the central nervous system to elicit these changes from synthetic compounds such as CoPP to heme, the natural, physiological metalloporphyrin.
Functional specialization of <scp>UDP</scp>‐glycosyltransferase 73P12 in licorice to produce a sweet triterpenoid saponin, glycyrrhizin (2019)

Glycyrrhizin, a sweet triterpenoid saponin found in the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice), is an important active ingredient in traditional herbal medicine. We previously identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP88D6 and CYP72A154, that produce an aglycone of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The sugar moiety of glycyrrhizin, which is composed of two glucuronic acids, makes it sweet and reduces its side-effects. Here, we report that UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) 73P12 catalyzes the second glucuronosylation as the final step of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis in G. uralensis; the UGT73P12 produced glycyrrhizin by transferring a glucuronosyl moiety of UDP-glucuronic acid to glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide. We also obtained a natural variant of UGT73P12 from a glycyrrhizin-deficient (83-555) strain of G. uralensis. The natural variant showed loss of specificity for UDP-glucuronic acid and resulted in the production of an alternative saponin, glucoglycyrrhizin. These results are consistent with the chemical phenotype of the 83-555 strain, and suggest the contribution of UGT73P12 to glycyrrhizin biosynthesis in planta. Furthermore, we identified Arg32 as the essential residue of UGT73P12 that provides high specificity for UDP-glucuronic acid. These results strongly suggest the existence of an electrostatic interaction between the positively charged Arg32 and the negatively charged carboxy group of UDP-glucuronic acid. The functional arginine residue and resultant specificity for UDP-glucuronic acid are unique to UGT73P12 in the UGT73P subfamily. Our findings demonstrate the functional specialization of UGT73P12 for glycyrrhizin biosynthesis during divergent evolution, and provide mechanistic insights into UDP-sugar selectivity for the rational engineering of sweet triterpenoid saponins.
Comparison of Objective Diagnostic Tests in Glaucoma (2006)

The objective test of optic nerve function (m-VEP) and structure (HRT) can detect glaucomatous damage, with limited correlation. The 2 functional tests, HVF and m-VEP correlate better with each other than with HRT. It remains important to look for both functional and structural changes in order to detect all glaucoma cases.
Diagnostic implications of spectral and temporal analysis of the entire cardiac cycle in patients with ventricular tachycardia. (1991)

Results define new spectral and temporal features in signal-averaged ECGs from patients with VT that are excluded from analysis by available techniques that limit the bandwidth or restrict interrogation to portions of the cardiac cycle. These findings provide an objective basis for developing new indexes for signal-averaged ECG analysis.
Error propagation in decision feedback equalization for a terrestrial digital television receiver (2003)

In the U.S. terrestrial digital television receiver, when the channel presents additive white Gaussian noise and multipath, particularly strong multipath, error propagation in the feedback filter of a decision feedback equalizer severely affects the performance at the output of the trellis decoder. In these cases, the output of the trellis decoder may present a worse performance when the equalizer is in automatic switching mode rather than in blind mode, even though the opposite is true at the output of the equalizer. In the automatic switching the mode, the equalizer is in blind mode before convergence is detected and switches to decision directed mode after convergence. This work studies the use of a soft automatic switching mode, that is, the equalizer is in blind mode before convergence is detected and switches to a soft decision directed mode after convergence. In the soft decision directed mode, the input to the equalizer feedback filter is the equalizer output, instead of the slicer output, yielding a linear equalizer implementation. By utilizing the soft automatic switching mode in such channel conditions, the performance at the output of the trellis decoder is improved not only with respect to automatic switching mode, but also with respect to blind mode.
Identification of overlapping epitopes in mutant <i>ras</i> oncogene peptides that activate CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses (1996)

Mutant ras p21 proteins contain sequences which distinguish them from normal endogenous ras and, thus, may represent unique epitopes for T cell recognition of antigen bearing tumor cells. Here, we examined the capacity of a mutant K-ras 9-mer peptide to induce in vivo CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The peptide chosen reflected positions 4-12 of the point-mutated sequence of the K-ras oncogene encoding the Gly to Val substitution at codon 12. The overall rationale for selecting this particular 9-mer sequence was threefold: the mutant peptide contained a putative major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I consensus anchor motif for murine H-2Kd; specific binding to MHC class I may then create an immunogenic complex for the induction of anti-ras CD8+ CTL; and finally, the mutant sequence overlapped with a newly characterized anti-ras CD4+ T helper type 1 epitope, which may have implications for the coordination and activation of both anti-ras immune mechanisms against the same target cell antigenic determinant. A functional interaction with H-2Kd was demonstrated with the mutant ras4-12(V12) peptide, but not the normal ras4-12(G12) peptide, which specifically inhibited an H-2Kd-restricted, anti-nucleoprotein NP147-155 CTL response in a dose-dependent fashion. An anti-ras CD8+ T cell line was then established from immune splenocytes of BALB/c (H-2d) mice injected with ras4-12 (V12) in adjuvant, which mediated peptide-specific lysis of syngeneic P815 tumor targets. Cytotoxicity was restricted by H-2Kd and strongly specific for the mutant ras peptide. Importantly, these anti-ras CTL specifically lysed a syngeneic tumor line (i.e. A20 lymphoma) transduced with the corresponding point-mutated ras oncogene, suggesting T cell receptor recognition of endogenously derived antigen. Overall, these data demonstrated that mutant ras p21 at codon 12(Gly-->Val) contained a peptide sequence which exhibited specific functional binding to a murine MHC class I molecule; the ability of the mutant, but not the normal sequence to bind selectively to murine MHC class I likely reflected the generation of a C-terminal anchor residue; and the ras4-12(V12) peptide was immunogenic for the production of antigen-specific CD8+ CTL, which lysed in vitro a syngeneic tumor cell line harboring the mutant K-ras oncogene.
RFID shakables (2013)

A novel approach for pairing RFID-enabled devices is introduced and evaluated in this work. Two or more devices are moved simultaneously through the radio field in close proximity of one or more RFID readers. Gesture recognition is applied to identify the movements of the devices, to mark them as a pair. This application is of interest for social networks and game applications in which play patterns with RFID-enabled toys are used to establish virtual friendships. In wireless networking, it can be used for user-friendly association of devices. The approach introduced here works with off-the-shelf passive RFID tags, as it is software-based and does not require hardware or protocol modifications. Every RFID reader constantly seeks for tags, thus, as soon as one tag is in its vicinity, the reader reports the presence of the tag. Such binary information is used to recognize the movement of tags and to pair them, if the gesture patterns match each other. We show via experimental evaluation that this feature can be easily implemented. We determine the required gesture interval duration and characteristics for accurate gesture and matching detection.
Resonantly pumped optical pumping injection cavity lasers (2004)

An optical parametric oscillator is tuned to the resonance wavelength of the etalon in an optical pumping injection cavity (OPIC) laser with a type-II “W” active region, thereby minimizing the threshold pump intensity and maximizing the output slope efficiency. Previous OPIC experiments employed fixed-wavelength sources with only limited tuning available by adjusting the incident angle. Low threshold pump intensities of 330W∕cm2 at 100K and 14kW∕cm2 at 300K (where the output wavelength is 3200nm) were achieved. The energy conversion efficiency is found to decrease by over a factor of 100 when the pump wavelength is tuned from the resonance condition (1822nm at 300K) to only slightly off resonance (e.g., 1808nm).
Reconstruction of transient sound radiation from impulsively accelerated objects (2001)

This paper presents reconstruction of transient acoustic radiation from impulsively accelerated objects using the HELS method [Wu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 2511–2522 (2000)]. The radiated acoustic pressure is expanded in terms of the spherical wave functions and spherical harmonics in the frequency domain. The coefficients associated with these expansion functions are determined by matching the assumed solution to the measured acoustic pressures. The errors incurred in this process are minimized by the least squares. Once the frequency-domain solution is obtained, the transient acoustic pressure signal is reconstructed by taking an inverse Fourier transformation via the reside theorem. The objects considered include an explosively expanding sphere, impulsively accelerated rigid sphere, and impulsively accelerated baffled sphere. The acoustic pressure signals thus obtained are compared with the analytic solutions. It is shown that this methodology can be extended to a nonspherical object subject to an arbitrarily time-dependent excitation. The resulting transient acoustic pressure can be reconstructed by a convolution integral of the impulse response function to the time history of the measured acoustic pressure signals. [Work supported by NSF.]
Reevaluation of the Role of VEGF-B Suggests a Restricted Role in the Revascularization of the Ischemic Myocardium (2008)

VEGF-B appears to have a relatively restricted angiogenic activity in the ischemic heart. These insights might offer novel therapeutic opportunities.
Automatic phase determination for retrospectively gated cardiac CT (2004)

The recent improvements in CT detector and gantry technology in combination with new heart rate adaptive cone beam reconstruction algorithms enable the visualization of the heart in three dimensions at high spatial resolution. However, the finite temporal resolution still impedes the artifact-free reconstruction of the heart at any arbitrary phase of the cardiac cycle. Cardiac phases must be found during which the heart is quasistationary to obtain outmost image quality. It is challenging to find these phases due to intercycle and patient-to-patient variability. Electrocardiogram (ECG) information does not always represent the heart motion with an adequate accuracy. In this publication, a simple and efficient image-based technique is introduced which is able to deliver stable cardiac phases in an automatic and patient-specific way. From low-resolution four-dimensional data sets, the most stable phases are derived by calculating the object similarity between subsequent phases in the cardiac cycle. Patient-specific information about the object motion can be determined and resolved spatially. This information is used to perform optimized high-resolution reconstructions at phases of little motion. Results based on a simulation study and three real patient data sets are presented. The projection data were generated using a 16-slice cone beam CT system in low-pitch helical mode with parallel ECG recording.
The impact of caching on search engines (2007)

In this paper we study the trade-offs in designing efficient caching systems for Web search engines. We explore the impact of different approaches, such as static vs. dynamic caching, and caching query results vs.caching posting lists. Using a query log spanning a whole year we explore the limitations of caching and we demonstrate that caching posting lists can achieve higher hit rates than caching query answers. We propose a new algorithm for static caching of posting lists, which outperforms previous methods. We also study the problem of finding the optimal way to split the static cache between answers and posting lists. Finally, we measure how the changes in the query log affect the effectiveness of static caching, given our observation that the distribution of the queries changes slowly over time. Our results and observations are applicable to different levels of the data-access hierarchy, for instance, for a memory/disk layer or a broker/remote server layer.
Micro UV detector (2004)

A lightweight, tactical biological agent detection network offers the potential for a detect-to-warn capability against biological aerosol attacks. Ideally, this capability can be achieved by deploying the sensors upwind from the protected assets. The further the distance upwind, the greater the warning time. The technological challenge to this concept is the biological detection technology. Here, cost, size and power are major factors in selecting acceptable technologies. This is in part due to the increased field densities needed to cover the upwind area and the fact that the sensors, when deployed forward, must operate autonomously for long periods of time with little or no long-term logistical support. The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency’s (DARPA) Solid-state Ultraviolet Optical Source (SUVOS) program offers an enabling technology to achieving a detector compatible with this mission. As an optical source, these devices emit excitation wavelengths known to be useful in the detection of biological aerosols. The wavelength band is absorbed by the biological aerosol and results in visible fluorescence. Detection of a biological aerosol is based on the observed intensity of this fluorescence signal compared to a background reference. Historically this has been accomplished with emission sources that are outside the boundaries for low cost, low power sensors. The SUVOS technology, on the other hand, provides the same basic wavelengths needed for the detection process in a small, low power package. ECBC has initiated an effort to develop a network array based on micro UV detectors that utilize the SUVOS technology. This paper presents an overview of the micro UV detector and some of the findings to date. This includes the overall design philosophy, fluid flow calculations to maximize presentation of aerosol particles to the sources, and the fluorescence measurements.
Identification of a First Enzymatic Activator of a 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (2014)

Small molecule activators that directly modulate the activity of an enzyme are uncommon entities, and such activators had never yet been identified for any 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD). We hereby report the fortuitous discovery of a steroid derivative that caused an up to 3-fold increase in the activity of 17β-HSD12. The stimulation of estrone to estradiol conversion has been characterized in intact and homogenized stably transfected HEK-293 cells and has also been observed in T47D breast cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships closely linked to the nature of the substituent on the [1,3]oxazinan-2-one ring of an estradiol derivative emerged from this study and may help in the identification of a previously unsuspected endogenous activation of 17β-HSD12. This activator will therefore be a useful tool to study this relatively unknown enzyme as well as the possible activation of other 17β-HSD family members.
Precious metal recovery from electronic waste by a porous porphyrin polymer (2020)

Urban mining of precious metals from electronic waste, such as printed circuit boards (PCB), is not yet feasible because of the lengthy isolation process, health risks, and environmental impact. Although porous polymers are particularly effective toward the capture of metal contaminants, those with porphyrin linkers have not yet been considered for precious metal recovery, despite their potential. Here, we report a porous porphyrin polymer that captures precious metals quantitatively from PCB leachate even in the presence of 63 elements from the Periodic Table. The nanoporous polymer is synthesized in two steps from widely available monomers without the need for costly catalysts and can be scaled up without loss of activity. Through a reductive capture mechanism, gold is recovered with 10 times the theoretical limit, reaching a record 1.62 g/g. With 99% uptake taking place in the first 30 min, the metal adsorbed to the porous polymer can be desorbed rapidly and reused for repetitive batches. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that energetically favorable multinuclear-Au binding enhances adsorption as clusters, leading to rapid capture, while Pt capture remains predominantly at single porphyrin sites.
Machine-tool control system for turning nonaxisymmetric surfaces (1979)

A development program has been initiated to allow on-axis turning of nonaxisymmetric surfaces. A short-travel high-speed slide is mounted on a precision, numerically controlled, two-axis turning machine. The motion of the auxiliary slide is synchronized with the spindle and the two remaining slides. The report defines the workpiece geometry and requirements, calculations for the slide motion, techniques for real-time command generation, and planned equipment set.
Evaluation of a quail embryo model for the detection of botulinum toxin type A activity (2009)

Day 15 quail embryos were evaluated as a bioassay to detect biologically active botulinum toxin serotype A (BoNT/A). Embryos injected with ≥20 ng BoNT had >74% determined nonviable; embryos injected with 10 to 0.5 ng BoNT were 70 to 45% nonviable; embryos injected with 1.0 to 0.1 ng BoNT were 59 to 18% nonviable. The LD50 for quail embryos was approximately 0.2 ng BoNT/embryo (28 μg BoNT/kg of body weight). Injection with BoNT did not interfere with yolk sac retraction into the abdominal cavity, but did restrict aircell and eggshell pipping, initiating morbidity and nonviable status and enabling preemptive euthanasia.
Radiopaque iodinated ethers of poly(vinyl iodobenzyl ether)s: Synthesis and evaluation for endovascular embolization (2014)

ABSTRACT Leachable‐free radiopaque iodinated polymers were designed as long‐lived embolization materials visible by X‐ray tomography. This is a definite improvement over liquid embolics incorporating either radiopaque inorganic particles or iodinated polymers having hydrolysable ester bonds. Grafting 4‐iodobenzyl or 2,3,5‐triiodobenzyl groups to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) yields iodobenzyl ethers of PVAL having iodine contents in the range 40–70 wt %. Their solubility in solvents accepted for medical devices (DMSO and NMP), viscosity of concentrated solutions, precipitation behavior, radiopacity, and stability with respect to sterilization and hydrolysis were assessed. The solvent NMP allows the preparation of concentrated solutions of suitable viscosity for their application as liquid embolics. Precipitation in water yields a cohesive mass of material that can plug vascular malformations. A rationale to the properties is given in terms of the Hansen contributions to the Hildebrand solubility parameters. Iodobenzyl ethers of PVA resist hydrolysis whereas their corresponding iodobenzoyl esters leach iodinated fragments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41791.
Coalition Formation of Cognitive Agents. (2008)

Part of the knowledge and set of beliefs of a cognitive agent are its mental models of the world and of other agents. A mental model reflects the cultural context and past experi-ences of an adaptive agent. In interacting with other agents, we claim that a causal mental model, i.e. a cognitive map, which might be different for each agent, adapts and changes causing coalitions to emerge. Possible actions are reflected through the respective cognitive maps of the agents to de-termine whether a favorable steady state will emerge from a coalition. The problems addressed are which coalitions will be more likely to form and how to adapt the cognitive maps of the agents in order to reduce conflicts. The claim is that a group mental model can emerge from individual mental mod-els through the learning and adaptation of cognitive maps. An algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for evolving cognitive maps for coalition formation is introduced and experiments on randomly generated cognitive maps are presented. We conclude with possible uses of this adaptive cognitive modeling approach to understand other cultures, predict coalitions/chaos and shifts of allegiance, and induce group formation through avatars in a virtual world.
Development of an edge bead remover (EBR) for thick films (2001)

During the development of AZ EXP PLP 100XT thick film resist, the need for an effective Edge Bead Remover (EBR) was demonstrated for coatings of 50 microns. Because of the use of high solids content resist, a large amount of resist solvent was retained in the thick film coating as it was cast. Residual solvent can also come form the diffusion of the EBR solvent into the spreading resist. The residual solvent can significantly affect the EBR process and cause secondary flow problems such as rough edges stringers and reflow. Current EBRs such as AZ EBR 70/30, which is excellent for removing thin film residues, were not effective for use with resist coatings of 50 microns because of secondary flow issues. A number of solvents either along or in pairs were evaluated. From the sole solvent studies no strong correlation was seen between physical properties and EBR performance. However a weak correlation was seen between EBR performance and volatility. The EBR performance was further optimized by increasing its volatility. The optimized solvent system consists of a mixture of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and cyclopentanone (CP). The dimethyl carbonate/cyclopentanone solvent system is significantly more volatile than the conventional EBRs such as AZ EBR 70.30. The cyclopentanone insures good edge cleaning. This system demonstrated good performance characteristics such as no secondary flow, sharp resist edge and a clean wafer edge. The safety issues of toxicity and flash point will also be discussed.