gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Performance of Magneto-Optical Ceramics with a Bixbyite Structure (2019)

High-quality magneto-optical ceramics (Tb<i><sub>x</sub></i>Y<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>)₂O₃ (<i>x</i> = 0.5⁻1.0) with a Bixbyite structure were extensively investigated for the first time. The total performances of these ceramics were far superior to those of commercial TGG (Tb₃Ga₅O<sub>12</sub>) crystal, which is regarded as the highest class of Faraday rotator material. In particular, the Verdet constant of Tb₂O₃ (when <i>x</i> = 1.0) ceramic was the largest-495 to 154 rad·T<sup>-1</sup>·m<sup>-1</sup> in the wavelength range of 633 to 1064 nm, respectively. It was possible to further minimize the Faraday isolator device. The insertion loss of this ceramic was equivalent to that of the commercial TGG single crystal (0.04 dB), and its extinction ratio reached more than 42 dB, which is higher than the value for TGG crystal (35 dB). The thermal lens effect (1/f) was as small as 0.40 m<sup>-1</sup> as measured by a 50 W fiber laser. The laser damage threshold of this ceramic was 18 J/cm², which is 1.8 times larger than that of TGG, and it was not damaged during a power handling test using a pulsed laser (pulse width 50 ps, power density 78 MW/cm²) irradiated at 2 MHz for 7000 h.
Metal contacts to GaAs with 1 eV Schottky barrier height (1988)

Metal Schottky barrier contacts to n-type (100) GaAs are described in which a 1 eV Schottky barrier height φB is achieved by using a very thin Si interface layer to influence the interface Fermi energy EiF. The metals investigated are Au, Cr, and Ti. The contact structure consists of a thick metal in combination with a ∼15–30 Å heavily p-type Si interface layer. The EiF and interface composition during initial contact formation were obtained by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS); the φB for the corresponding thick contacts was measured by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) techniques. The XPS, I-V, and C-V measurements gave consistent results. The 1 eV φB for the Si interface layer contact structure is independent of the contact metal.
Wireless power technology for application-specific scenarios of high-altitude airships (2006)

A new power concept has been contemplated for High Altitude Airship (HAA) under the consideration of direct energy conversion cycles, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells and advanced thermoelectric (ATE) generator. The HAA has various potential applications and mission scenarios that require onboard energy harvesting and power distribution systems. Both PV cells and an ATE system were briefly compared to identify the advantages of ATE for HAA applications in this study. Utilizing the estimated high efficiency of a threestaged ATE in a tandem mode, the ATE generates a higher quantity of harvested energy than PV cells for mission scenarios. The ATE's performance figure of merit of 5 was considered to estimate the cascaded efficiency of a three-staged ATE system. The estimated efficiency of a tandem system appears to be greater than 60%. Based on this estimated efficiency, the configuration of a HAA and the power utility modules are defined. Conventional photovoltaic cells have been used for NASA's long duration airplanes, the solar-powered Pathfinder, and remotely piloted aircraft [1]. However, the cost and weight of high efficiency photovoltaic cells pose a shortcoming for wide and unlimited applications. Among others is the fuel cell, but it is a fuel-carrying power generation system. A conceptual study for the HAA power budget plan has been done at NASA Langley Research Center by utilizing new nanomaterials for solar power harvesting.
<title>Development of silicon ultrasonic transducer using micromachining</title> (2000)

Ultrasonic transducers are generally based on the piezoelectric effect and they are used in a variety of applications (medical imaging, NDE, ranging). Some of the main reasons for choosing an alternative technology, based on electrostatic effect, are low impedance mismatch with air and in water, low energy density, high efficiency, low costs, good integration with control electronics. Capacitive ultrasonic transducer consists in a parallel plates capacitor (like a condensor microphone) with a fixed electrode and a free one (membrane). A cMUT (capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer) consists of an array of capacitive ultrasonic transducer with a metallized membranes suspended on silicon bulk. The membrane thickness is 0.4 micrometers . Tests of these transducers ( 2.5 MHz) fabricated in our laboratories are in progress.
709. rAAV-Mediated Regulation of Striatal Nurr1 Expression Alters Development and Severity of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease (2015)

Primary motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease arise due to a loss of dopaminergic innervation in the striatum. Treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA) is the current gold standard treatment for the motor symptoms that arise in PD due to dopamine (DA) depletion. However, a large portion of patients receiving L-DOPA treatment develop a series of debilitating hyperkinetic and dystonic movements known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). The molecular mechanisms behind LID development are unclear, as well as why some patients are resistant to LIDs and never acquire these symptoms. In an attempt to identify transcriptional differences between LID responders and LID non-responders in the rat parkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model, we performed a full genome array to identify differential transcript expression between these two groups. The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 was one transcript that was expressed at significantly higher levels—greater than 30 fold—in LID+ animals when compared to LID- animals. In the current study we sought to determine whether Nurr1 expression both promotes, and is required for, LID formation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered parkinsonian using6-OHDA. Animals that did not show a difference in paw use compared to a pre-lesion state were removed from the study one month later. At this time, remaining animals received a striatal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) type 2/5 overexpressing either: 1) Nurr1 (or GFP as a control)(5×1013 vector genomes (vg)/ml) in order to test whether Nurr1 overexpression causes LIDs or 2) A shRNA targeting Nurr1 (or a titer-matched scrambled shRNA control)(2×1013 vg/ml) in order to test whether Nurr1 is required for LIDs. Four weeks following the vector injection, animals received escalating doses (0mg/kg – 24mg.kg) of L-DOPA every other day (M-Fr), and were evaluated for LIDs at 25 min intervals for 2-4 hours using the abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) rating scale. At doses equal to or exceeding 12mg/kg, Nurr1 overexpressing animals exhibited both more severe and longer lasting LIDs than their rAAV-GFP control counterparts. Conversely, dyskinesias were attenuated in animals receiving Nurr1-shRNA up to 18mg/kg of L-DOPA. In addition, postmortem analysis of striatal tissue revealed that the overexpression of the Nurr1 shRNA effectively inhibited the induction of L-DOPA induced Nurr1. These results demonstrate that overexpression of Nurr1 in the DA-depleted striatum of parkinsonian rats has a causative role in the expression of LIDs. Further, our data show that Nurr1 silencing in the striatum effectively inhibits the LID development. These data suggest that the maladaptive upregulation of Nurr1 in striatal neurons is a core event in the formation of LIDs. Consequently, targeting striatal Nurr1 activity may represent a novel therapeutic modality in the treatment of LIDs.
Sit-to-stand task on a humanoid robot from human demonstration (2010)

In this work, we perform the challenging task of a humanoid robot standing up from a chair. First we recorded demonstrations of sit-to-stand motions from normal human subjects as well as actors performing stylized standing motions (e.g. imitating an elderly person). Ground contact force information was also collected for these motions, in order to estimate the human's center of mass trajectory. We then mapped the demonstrated motions to the humanoid robot via an inverse kinematics procedure that attempts to track the human's kinematics as well as their center-of-mass trajectory. In order to estimate the robot's center-of-mass position accurately, we additionally used an inertial parameter identification technique that fit mass and center-of-mass link parameters from measured force data. We demonstrate the resulting motions on the Carnegie Mellon/Sarcos hydraulic humanoid robot.
A Program to Develop Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar for Offshore Wave, Current, and Wind Monitoring (1983)

ABSTRACT A project initiated by Gulf Oil to adapt HF radar (called CODAR) for use from offshore platforms is approximately half completed. This compact remote-sensing system measures the wave height directional spectrum, surface-current vectors, and surface-wind vectors around the platform, to a distance of about 50km. Final data products will be available on the platform in real time, for display and archival. The system can be operated from either fixed bases (platforms, gravel islands) or movable bases (semi-submersibles, drill ships). Coastally measured wave and current data from this system at ARSLOE are compared with other information to establish the feasibility and accuracy of the technique. INTRODUCTION Nearly three decades ago Crombie (1) observed experimentally that the temporal spectrum of sea echo at HF conveys very accurate velocity information about wave spectral components that are Braggresonant in length with the radar wave. Analyses since that time have established the relationship between higher-order sea echo and the wave height directional spectrum (2,3). Additional Doppler shifts of the echo from its expected positions predicted by the dispersion relation carry information about underlying currents (4). Several definitive experiments (5,6) showed that these mathematical solutions that form the basis for the inversion methods are indeed valid and accurate. Hence, considerable activity ensued in development of ocean-surface remote sensing systems based on these principles. HF radars are characterized by their long wavelength (in contrast with more familiar microwave radars), and hence the required large antenna sizes if conventional beam forming methods are employed. Narrow-beam antenna arrays vary in size between several hundred meters to 2.5km (6). Because of the problems posed by large antennas for most wave and current measurement applications, NOAA (National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration) began a program to develop and demonstrate compact, HF coastal radars that could make these measurements in near-real time. Such compact HF radar systems became known as CODAR, for Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar. Based on novel antenna concept. and the known physics of sea scatter, several experiments proved that such systems were feasible and accurate (7,8). The present program, described herein, adapts this technology to operational use from offshore platforms, both fixed and semi-submersible. THE NEED Measurement of ocean surface parameters around offshore platforms is of importance both for the design of and safe operation from these structures. This need is exacerbated as operations extend into ever uncharted domains, as for example deeper water, areas of higher waves (such as the North Sea), and the seasonally frozen seas of the Arctic. Operations from semi-submersibles and gravel islands are obviously subject to wave, current, and meteorological constraints. Quantitative data are required, rather unreliable forecasts and "eyeball" mates.
Data mining with Behaviour and Context-Based Optimal Navigation (BeaCON) for Optimal Navigation (2023)

We demonstrate the data mining process for the creation of optimal guidance information using BeaCON (Behaviour and Context-Based Optimal Navigation), a driving simulator and analytics framework. BeaCON implements a novel framework for optimal navigation by integrating user-behavioural and user-cognitive navigation processes. Integration of cognitive models along with route information and behavioural models enables BeaCON not only to identify the high cognitive load scenarios while driving but also the root cause of it. Analysis of high cognitive load scenarios and the root cause can be used to create the principles for the generation of optimal guidance information.
Acyloxybutadiene tricarbonyl iron complexes as enzyme-triggered CO-releasing molecules (ET-CORMs): a structure–activity relationship study (2012)

A series of η(4)-acyloxycyclohexadiene-Fe(CO)(3) complexes was prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods including single crystal X-ray diffraction. For this purpose a new synthetic access to differently acylated 1,3- and 1,5-dienol-Fe(CO)(3) complexes was developed. The enzymatically triggered CO release from these compounds was monitored (detection of CO through GC and/or by means of a myoglobin assay) and the anti-inflammatory effect of the compounds was assessed by a cellular assay based on the inhibition of NO-production by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). It was demonstrated that the properties (rate of esterase-triggered CO release, iNOS inhibition, cytotoxicity) of the complexes strongly depend on the substitution pattern of the π-ligand and the nature of the acyloxy substituent.
MO‐H‐19A‐01: FEATURED PRESENTATION – Treatment Planning Tool for Radiotherapy with Very High‐Energy Electron Beams (2014)

Purpose: To develop a tool for treatment planning optimization for fast radiotherapy delivered with very high‐energy electron beams (VHEE) and to compare VHEE plans to state‐of‐the‐art plans for challenging pelvis and H' N cases. Methods: Treatment planning for radiotherapy delivered with VHEE scanning pencil beams was performed by integrating EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations with spot scanning optimization run in a research version of RayStation. A Matlab GUI for MC beamlet generation was developed, in which treatment parameters such as the pencil beam size and spacing, energy and number of beams can be selected. Treatment planning study for H' N and pelvis cases was performed and the effect of treatment parameters on the delivered dose distributions was evaluated and compared to the clinical treatment plans. The pelvis case with a 691cm3 PTV was treated with 2‐arc 15MV VMAT and the H' N case with four PTVs with total volume of 531cm3 was treated with 4‐arc 6MV VMAT. Results: Most studied VHEE plans outperformed VMAT plans. The best pelvis 80MeV VHEE plan with 25 beams resulted in 12% body dose sparing and 8% sparing to the bowel and right femur compared to the VMAT plan. The 100MeV plan was superior to the 150MeV plan. Mixing 100 and 150MeV improved dose sparing to the bladder by 7% compared to either plan. Plans with 16 and 36 beams did not significantly affect the dose distributions compared to 25 beam plans. The best H' N 100MeV VHEE plan decreased mean doses to the brainstem, chiasm, and both globes by 10‐42% compared to the VMAT plan. Conclusion: The pelvis and H' N cases suggested that sixteen 100MeV beams might be sufficient specifications of a novel VHEE treatment machine. However, optimum machine parameters will be determined with the presented VHEE treatment‐planning tool for a large number of clinical cases. BW Loo and P Maxim received research support from RaySearch Laboratories. E Hynning and B Hardemark are employees of RaySearch Laboratories.
Donor-Acceptor Complexes in Copolymerization. XLVII. Alternating Diene-Dienophile Copolymers. 8. Preparation of Equimolar Cyclopentadiene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers through Copolymerization and Retrograde Isomerization of Diels-Alder Adducts (1974)

Abstract An equimolar cyclopentadiene-maleic anhydride copolymer was formed by the addition of t-butyl hydroperoxide to the molten Diels-Alder adducts at 175 to 285[ddot] C. The same copolymer was formed by the high temperature copolymerization of maleic anhydride, in the presence of the hydroperoxide, with cyclopentadiene per se or as generated in situ from dicyclopentadiene. The copolymer resulted from the homopolymerization of the comonomer complex which underwent excitation under the influence of the catalyst. The copolymer, softening point 290 to 320[ddot] C, was saturated and had a proposed norbornane-2, 3-dicarboxylic anhydride repeating unit with 5, 7 linkage.
Active and Passive Immunity against<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>Decorin Binding Protein A (DbpA) Protects against Infection (1998)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, binds decorin, a collagen-associated extracellular matrix proteoglycan found in the skin (the site of entry for the spirochete) and in many other tissues. Two borrelial adhesins that recognize this proteoglycan, decorin binding proteins A and B (DbpA and DbpB, respectively), have recently been identified. Infection of mice by low-dose B. burgdorferi challenge elicited antibodies against DbpA and DbpB that were sustained at high levels, suggesting that these antigens are expressed in vivo. Scanning immunoelectron microscopy showed that DbpA was surface accessible on intact borreliae. Passive administration of DbpA antiserum protected mice from infection following challenge with heterologous B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates, even when serum administration was delayed for up to 4 days after challenge. DbpA is the first antigen target identified that is capable of mediating immune resolution of early, localized B. burgdorferi infections. DbpA immunization also protected mice from B. burgdorferi challenge; DbpB immunization was much less effective. DbpA antiserum inhibited in vitro growth of many B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates of diverse geographic, phylogenetic, and clinical origins. In combination, these findings support a role for DbpA in the immunoprophylaxis of Lyme disease and suggest that DbpA vaccines have the potential to eliminate early-stage B. burgdorferi infections.
THE USE OF CORN GLUTEN MEAL AS A NATURAL “WEED AND FEED” MATERIAL FOR TURF (1992)

Field and greenhouse studies on the use of a byproduct of the corn ( Zea mays L.) wet-milling process, corn gluten meal, have shown that this high-protein fraction of corn grain contains an organic compound that inhibits root formation of a variety of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Seeds that germinate in a soil media to which corn gluten meal has been added form normal shoots, but no roots. The seedling quickly dies as the media drys. This inhibition of root formation can be timed to prevent the establishment of weeds in turf areas and other plant systems. Corn gluten meal also contains approximately 10% nitrogen and can be used as a natural fertilizer material. Repeated field trials have shown no detrimental effect of the corn gluten meal on mature grass plants. This combination of a natural fertilizer with a natural weed inhibiting compound may result in a `weed and feed' product for those who do not wish to use synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. A patent on the use of corn gluten meal as a weed control was issued in 1991.
A folate receptor beta-specific human monoclonal antibody recognizes activated macrophage of rheumatoid patients and mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (2011)

Unlike folate-drug conjugates, m909 selectively binds to FRβ, does not recognize FRα, and has at least one effector function. m909 alone has potential to eliminate FRβ positive cells. Because m909 does not compete with folate for receptor binding, it can be used with folate-drug conjugates in a combination therapy. m909 can also be a valuable research reagent.
<title>Phase-locked arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers</title> (1994)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are of increasing interest to the photonics community because of their surface-emitting structure, simple fabrication and packaging, wafer-level testability, and potential for low cost manufacture. Scaling VCSELs to higher power outputs requires increasing the device area, which leads to transverse mode control difficulties if devices become larger than about 5 microns. One approach to increasing the device size while maintaining a well controlled transverse mode profile is formation of coupled or phase-locked 2D arrays of VCSELs that are individually single-transverse mode. Such arrays have unique optical properties, not all of which are desirable. This paper covers some of the basic principles of these devices and reviews recent work on device designs, fabrication and operation. A technique for improving the far- field properties of the arrays is demonstrated and performance limitations are discussed.
Rejection of Smooth GPS Time Synchronization Attacks via Sparse Techniques (2020)

This article presents a novel time synchronization attack (TSA) model for the Global Positioning System (GPS) based on clock data behavior changes in a higher-order derivative domain. Further, TSA rejection and mitigation based on sparse domain (TSARM-S) is presented. TSAs affect stationary GPS receivers in applications where precise timing is required, such as cellular communications, financial transactions, and monitoring of the electric power grid. In the present work, higher-order derivatives of the clock bias and clock drift are monitored to reveal TSAs that show up as sparse spike-like events. The smoothness of the attack relates to the derivative order where the sparsity is observed. The proposed method jointly estimates a dynamic solution for GPS timing and rejects clock behavior changes based on such sparse events. An evaluation procedure is presented for two testbeds, namely a commercial receiver and a software-defined radio (SDR). Further, the proposed method is evaluated against real spoofing scenarios available online in the Texas Spoofing Test Battery (TEXBAT). Combined synthetic and real-data results show an average RMS clock bias error of 12.08 m for the SDR platform, and 45.74 m for the commercial device. Furthermore, the technique is evaluated against state-of-the-art mitigation techniques and in a spoofing-plus-multipath scenario for robustness. Finally, TSARM-S can be potentially optimized and implemented in commercial devices via a firmware upgrade.
Fast Computation of Sparse Datacubes (1997)

Datacube queries compute aggregates over database relations at a variety of granularities, and they constitute an important class of decision support queries. Real-world data is frequently sparse, and hence efficiently computing datacubes over large sparse relations is important. We show that current techniques for computing datacubes over sparse relations do not scale well with the number of CUBE BY attributes, especially when the relation is much larger than main memory. We propose a novel algorithm for the fast computation of datacubes over sparse relations, and demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm using synthetic, benchmark and real-world data sets. When the relation fits in memory, our technique performs multiple in-memory sorts, and does not incur any I/O beyond the input of the relation and the output of the datacube itself. When the relation does not fit in memory, a divideand -conquer strategy divides the problem of computing the datacube into several simpler computatio...
Neutron responses with different sized Eu doped LiCaAlF<inf>6</inf> crystals (2012)

LiCAF scintillator doped with Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> is novel inorganic scintillator for thermal neutron detectors. In scintillation detectors, the light output is important and that Eu:LiCAF depends on the Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> concentrations. In this report, we investigated scintillation light output of Eu:LiCAF with different sample thickness of 0.5, 1,2,3,4,5 and 10 mm.