gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transesophageal magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

The purpose of this study was to develop a non-invasive method of imaging the thoracic aorta that would provide both morphological detail within the aortic wall and information about regional aortic wall motion. An esophageal probe is described that allows transesophageal MR imaging (TEMRI) of the thoracic aorta and has several potential advantages over the competing non-vasculoinvasive techniques of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or standard MRI. The probe consists of a loopless antenna housed inside a modified Levin gastric tube, with external matching and tuning circuitry. Using this probe, the thoracic aorta has been imaged in longitudinal and cross-sectional views. Details of the aortic wall were readily seen. Tissue tagging for measurement of focal stress/strain relationships was demonstrated to be feasible. TEMRI avoids the risks inherent in intravascular MRI yet provides comparable image quality. Potential applications of the device are discussed.
<title>Time-domain laser mammography: separation of scattering and absorption contributions</title> (1999)

A technique for properly separating the scattering and absorption contributions in laser mammography is proposed. The technique is based on an empirical model obtained from a series of experiments performed on homogeneous scattering slabs containing a single inclusion. The scattering and absorption contributions are obtained by performing a Fit of an Inhomogeneous Diffusion Model (FIDM). The performance of this new technique is compared to that involving a curve fit of the solution of the diffusion model for a homogeneous slab. The FIDM technique allows a very good discrimination between scattering and absorption inclusions, better than that obtained with a curve fit of the homogeneous diffusion model. The mathematical expressions of the empirical model are extremely simple and allow for a fast calculation (about 1 second for computing two 441 pixel images compared to about 6 minutes with the previous technique). A perturbation analysis of the diffusion model will provide theoretical support to the FIDM technique and should allow its refinement. Although it has not been demonstrated that the separation between absorption and scattering is totally correct when applied to real breast scanning, the method associates some structures to absorption and some other to scattering, which could result in a better specificity of laser mammography.
Subocean bottom explosive seismic system (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kenneth R. Wener, Anthony R. Tinkle; Subocean bottom explosive seismic system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 1985; 78 (4): 1451. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.392838 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Chemical Processing in High-Pressure Aqueous Environments. 7. Process Development for Catalytic Gasification of Wet Biomass Feedstocks (2004)

Through the use of a metal catalyst, gasification of wet biomass can be accomplished with high levels of carbon conversion to gas at relatively low temperature (350 °C). In a pressurized-water environment (20 MPa), near-total conversion of the organic structure of biomass to gases has been achieved in the presence of a ruthenium metal catalyst. The process is essentially steam reforming, as there is no added oxidizer or reagent other than water. In addition, the gas produced is a medium heating value gas due to the synthesis of high levels of methane, as dictated by thermodynamic equilibrium. While good gas production was demonstrated, biomass trace components caused some processing difficulties in the fixed catalyst bed tubular reactor system used for the catalytic gasification process. Results are described for tests using both bench-scale and scaled-up reactor systems.
N-myristoyltransferase: A potential novel diagnostic marker for colon cancer (2007)

The strikingly different NMT expression offers the basis of a potential adjunct investigative tool for screening or diagnosis of patients at risk for or suspected of having colon cancer. Furthermore, altered localization of NMT in BM of tumor bearing hosts may serve as an added investigative tool for the diagnostic purpose.
Callus formation and shoot regeneration in<i>vanilla planifolia</i> (1991)

Abstract The high demand for natural vanilla flavor led to attempts to establish an in vitro cell culture of Vanilla planifolia for flavor production and for shoot regeneration from callus. Explants from Vanilla planifolia shoots were placed on supplement Murashige and Skoog salts and tested for callus formation. Callus formation could be achieved with various media. Shoots could be regenerated from callus under various concentrations of a‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA). The first node was the best location for callus initiation with subsequent callus proliferation.
Novel marine alkaloids from the tunicate <i>Eudistoma</i> sp. are potent regulators of cellular growth and differentiation and affect cAMP‐mediated processes (1993)

Six novel alkaloids that contain a fused tetracyclic pyrido[2,3,4-kl]acridine ring system were purified recently from the Red Sea purple tunicate Eudistoma sp. Evaluation of the effects of these alkaloids on cultured neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells revealed that they possess potent growth regulatory properties, and affect cell shape and adhesion. In mouse neuroblastoma cells, the Eudistoma alkaloids inhibited cell proliferation and induced a process of differentiation during which the cells flattened onto the surface, increased considerably in size, and extended long neurites. In hamster fibroblasts the alkaloids slowed down cell multiplication, and caused an exceptional cell flattening or elongation. In a virus-transformed derivative of the hamster fibroblasts the alkaloids restored many aspects of normal cell growth and morphology. In addition, several of the alkaloids mimicked the effects of cAMP analogs on two well-characterized cAMP-mediated processes involved in hepatic glucose metabolism--inhibition of pyruvate kinase (PK) activity and induction of mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). All these effects suggest that the Eudistoma alkaloids may act on the cAMP signaling system. However, a single application of these compounds was sufficient to completely block cell multiplication and to induce and sustain differentiation and "reverse transformation". Furthermore, these effects were not readily reversible following removal of the drugs. In contrast, a single application of agents that mimic or elevate cAMP induced a transient response that waned with time in culture, and the effects induced by constant elevation of cAMP reverse rapidly following drug removal. We propose that the Eudistoma alkaloids cause growth inhibition, differentiation, and reverse transformation by modifying the activity state of proteins that are involved in the regulation of cell shape and adhesion and serve as a target for the cAMP and/or other second messenger systems.
Integrated reciprocating optical modulator for stable photonic millimetre-wave generation (2004)

We investigated stability of millimetre-waves generated by using an integrated reciprocating optical modulator consisting of two optical filters and an optical modulator. The amplitude fluctuation was less than 1% without using feedback stabilization techniques.
Reflected Illumination‐Type Imaging System for the Development of Infrared Fluorescence Endoscopy (1999)

Abstract: Fluorescent labeled monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may provide a specific label for lesions of the GI tract. We previously developed an indocyanine green (ICG) derivative (ICG N‐hydroxy sulfo succinimide ester; ICG‐sulfo‐Osu) as a fluorescent label that is excited by infrared rays and is suitable for vital immunohistochemical staining. We also previously developed a transmitted illumination‐type (transmitted type) fluorescence imaging system that uses infrared rays to detect ICG‐sulfo‐Osu. In this paper we describe a new reflected illumination‐type (reflected type) imaging system for infrared fluorescence endoscopy. We tested the efficacy of this system on sections of human esophagus and normal skeletal muscle stained with ICG‐sulfo‐Osu labeled anti‐epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibody, and on sections of human gastric cancer tissue stained with ICG‐sulfo‐Osu labeled anti‐CEA antibody. Infrared fluorescent images were obtained with both fluorescent antibodies, and results correlated well with oxidized DAB‐positive sites. Vital immunohistochemical staining of micro cancers should be detectable by exciting an ICG‐sulfo‐Osu labeled antibody specific to the tumor cells with infrared rays, using this reflected type imaging system.
Average amplitude matched filter (1990)

We propose a simple method of determining whether an unknown object is a member of a class of objects. We modify the standard 4f optical correlator by inserting an amplitude mask in front of the phaseonly filter (POF) in the Fourier transform plane. Our computer simulations show that this changes the output from a POF correlation response to a classical matched filter (CMF) response. The CMF is less sensitive to an exact pattern match than the POF, which can be an advantage in detecting a class of objects. We took the Fourier transform of an ensemble average of five similar input images to make the amplitude mask, thus creating an average amplitude matched filter (AAMF). The AAMF emulated the response ofthe CMF in all autocorrelation and cross-correlation simulations. We also simulated binary phase-only versions of the CMF and AAMF. Again, in all cases the binary AAMF (BAMF) emulated the correlation response of the binary CMF (BCMF). A binary POF contains both a correlation and a convolution component. In the correlation plane, the correlation response of the binary POF is much larger than the convolution response. Both the BCMF and the BAMF correlation response contain a marked convolution as well as correlation response. The amplitude function forces more energy into the convolution response. The result is that the convolution component of the output is nearly as large as the correlation component.
Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Crystallization: Application to <scp>l</scp>-Alanine (2011)

L-Alanine is an important amino acid that plays a key role in the molecular structure of many proteins. Crystallized forms of this molecule are currently in high demand in chemical, pharmaceutics, and food industries. However, the traditional evaporative crystallization method takes up to several hours to complete and does not always consistently yield usable crystals. Using the metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated evaporative crystallization (MA-MAEC) technique, larger and better-organized L-alanine crystals were formed in a fraction of the time using room temperature crystallization. This technique may be applicable to organic molecules other than amino acids and thus will be able to produce the large amount of molecular crystals desired by industries today.
Novel synthesis of a soy-based polyol for a polyurethane rigid foam (2016)

A novel soy-based polyol was synthesised using a novel method.
Investigation of Potential Bioisosteric Replacements for the Carboxyl Groups of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B:  Identification of a Tetrazole-Containing Inhibitor with Cellular Activity (2002)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a diverse family of enzymes that, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control the level of intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation, thus regulating many cellular functions. PTP1B negatively regulates insulin signaling, in part, by dephosphorylating key tyrosine residues within the regulatory domain of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor, thereby attenuating receptor kinase activity. Inhibitors of PTP1B would therefore have the potential of prolonging the phosphorylated (activated) state of the insulin receptor and are anticipated to be a novel treatment of the insulin resistance characteristic of type 2 diabetes. We previously reported a series of small molecular weight peptidomimetics as competitive inhibitors of PTP1B, with the most active analogues having K(i) values in the low nanomolar range. Furthermore, we confirmed that the O-carboxymethyl salicylic acid moiety is a remarkably effective novel phosphotyrosine mimetic. Because of the low cell permeability of this compound class, it was important to investigate the possibility of replacing one or both of the remaining carboxyl groups while maintaining PTP1B inhibitory activity. The analogues described herein further support the importance of an acidic functionality at both positions of the tyrosine head moiety. An important discovery was the ortho tetrazole analogue 29 (K(i) = 2.0 microM), which was equipotent to the dicarboxylic acid analogue 2 (K(i) = 2.0 microM). Solution of the X-ray cocrystal structure of the ortho tetrazole analogue 29 bound to PTP1B revealed that the tetrazole moiety is well-accommodated in the active site and binds in a fashion similar to the ortho carboxylate analogue 2 reported previously. This novel monocarboxylic acid analogue revealed significantly higher Caco-2 cell permeability as compared to all previous compounds. Furthermore, compound 29 exhibited modest enhancement of insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by L6 myocytes.
A Direct and Stereocontrolled Route to Conjugated Enediynes (2000)

A unified synthetic route to 3-hex-en-1,5-diynes, a key building block found in many of the enediyne antitumor agents and designed materials, was developed. The method, which relies on a carbenoid coupling-elimination strategy is tolerant of a wide range of functionalities, and was applied to the synthesis of a variety of linear and cyclic enediynes. Reaction parameters can be adjusted to control stereoselectivity of the process, producing linear enediynes from 1:12 to >100:1 E:Z ratio, and in the case of cyclic enediynes, giving the exclusively Z C-9, C-10, or C-11 products. Key features of the process are the ready availability of precursors and the mildness and efficiency of the reaction. Application of the process in the design of materials precursors and preparation of enediyne antitumor agents are presented.
Role of the C-Terminal Domain of<i>Thermus thermophilus</i>Trehalose Synthase in the Thermophilicity, Thermostability, and Efficient Production of Trehalose (2007)

Trehalose synthase (TS) from Thermus thermophilus (TtTS) is a thermostable enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of maltose into trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation. It has a relatively higher thermophilicity and thermostability and a better conversion ratio for trehalose production than other known TSs from different sources at present. By amino acid sequences and the schematic motif alignment of trehalose synthase-related enzymes, it was found that TtTS (965 amino acid residues) contains a particular C-terminal fragment that is not found in most other TSs. To verify the function of this fragment, C-terminal deletion and enzyme fusion were respectively performed to explain the important role this fragment plays in the formation of trehalose. First, the C terminus (TtTSDeltaN, 415 amino acid residues) of TtTS is deleted to construct a TtTSDeltaC containing 550 amino acids. Furthermore, a novel cold-active TS was cloned and purified from Deinococcus radiodurans (DrTS, 552 amino acid residues) and then a fusion protein was created with TtTSDeltaN at the C terminus of DrTS (DrTS-TtTSDeltaN). It was found that the recombinant TtTStriangle upC enzyme had a lower thermostability and a higher byproduct than TtTS in catalyzing the conversion of maltose into trehalose. On the other hand, the recombinant DrTS-TtTSDeltaN enzyme had a higher thermostability and a lower byproduct than DrTS in their reactions. The above-mentioned results allowed the inference that the C terminus of TtTS plays a key role in maintaining its thermostability and hence in modulating the side reaction to reduce glucose production at a high temperature. A new, simple, and fast method to improve thermophilicity by fusing this fragment with particular conformation to a thermolabile enzyme is offered.
Characterization of the dynamics and interactions of domain names and name server (2013)

In this work, we look at name server switching of domains, with the potential abuse and security as the motivation to understanding name server dynamics. We use the evolution of name servers to build an identifier for domains that can be used to group domains of similar behavior. We have also presented a time series based number of name servers prediction model for domains.
Potent and Selective Tetrahydroisoquinoline Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists of Lead Compound (3<i>R</i>)-7-Hydroxy-<i>N</i>-[(1<i>S</i>)-2-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)propyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide (PDTic) (2018)

Past studies have shown that it has been difficult to discover and develop potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonists, particularly compounds having potential for clinical development. In this study, we present a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of a recently discovered new class of tetrahydroisoquinoline κ opioid receptor antagonists which led to (3 R)-7-hydroxy- N-{(1 S)-2-methyl-1-[(-4-methylpiperidine-1-yl)methyl]propyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide (12) (4-Me-PDTic). Compound 12 had a K<sub>e</sub> = 0.37 nM in a [<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS binding assay and was 645- and >8100-fold selective for the κ relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors, respectively. Calculated log BB and CNS (central nervous system) multiparameter optimization (MPO) and low molecular weight values all predict that 12 will penetrate the brain, and pharmacokinetic studies in rats show that 12 does indeed penetrate the brain.
Prevention of Resist Pattern Collapse by Flood Exposure during Rinse Process (1994)

A resist hardening method that prevents resist pattern bending is described. In this method, a photo-crosslinking resist is flood exposed during rinsing. This exposure increases the crosslinking ratio of the resist, thus hardening the resist pattern before drying. Using this method, a 1.6-µm-thick 0.25-µm line-and-space pattern can be delineated without resist bending.
<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}{\text {1}}_{\text {0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ordered MnAl Thin Films With High Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Using TiN Underlayers on Si Substrates (2015)

Processes for the sputter deposition of L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -ordered τ-phase MnAl thin films using conductive TiN underlayers on Si substrates have been developed. Deposition parameters were systematically varied and resulting films were characterized in terms of structural and magnetic properties. Fabricated films demonstrated strong (001) texture and high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, with an out-of-plane coercivity H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of up to 12 kOe, an anisotropy constant K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> of 1.0 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> erg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , a saturation magnetization M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> of 250 emu/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and a squareness M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> /M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> of 0.9.
Prion Protein Transgenes and the Neuropathology in Prion Diseases (1995)

The concept that prions are novel pathogens which are different from both viroids and viruses has received increasing support from many avenues of investigation over the past decade. Enriching fractions from Syrian hamster (SHa) brain for scrapie prion infectivity led to the discovery of the prion protein (PrP). Prion diseases of animals include scrapie and "mad cow" disease; those of humans present as inherited, sporadic and infectious neurodegenerative disorders, two of which are called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS). The inherited human prion diseases are genetically linked to mutations in the PrP gene that result in non-conservative amino acid substitutions. Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing PrP carrying a GSS mutation developed neurodegeneration spontaneously and produced prions de novo. In other studies, Tg mice expressing both SHa and mouse (Mo) PrP genes were used to demonstrate that the "species barrier" for scrapie prions resides in the primary structure of PrP. This concept was strengthened by the results of studies in which mice expressing chimeric Mo/human (Hu) PrP transgenes were constructed which differ from MoPrP by nine amino acids between residues 96 and 167. All of the Tg(MHu2M) mice developed neurologic disease approximately 200 days after inoculation with brain homogenate from three patients who died of CJD. About 10% of Tg(HuPrP) mice expressing HuPrP and non-Tg mice developed neurologic disease > 500 days after inoculation with CJD prions. The different susceptibilities of Tg(HuPrP) and Tg(MHu2M) mice to human prions indicate that additional species specific factors such as chaperone proteins are involved in prion replication. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human prion diseases should be facilitated by study of Tg(MHu2M) mice. Our findings and those from other studies suggest that mutant and wtPrP interact, perhaps through a chaperone-like protein, during the pathogenesis of the prion diseases.
Non-invasive approaches to tissue bioenergetics (1994)

It is clear that continuous light affords a very limited window of opportunity for quantitative spectrophotometry of brain tissue. However, the number of qualitative applications which are available exemplify how this extremely simple technique can be applied to important medical problems. The development of devices which can measure directly the oxygen saturation of the brain is more complicated yet affords the essential data necessary for clinical decisions on the degree of hypoxia which may be critical for neuronal survival. We can predict that such devices will be available for reliable operation shortly and will complement the existing continuous-light devices. The information from time- and frequency-domain equipment can be employed in two ways, either directly to give saturation of haemoglobin by the dual-wavelength algorithms or to provide path-length information continuously to the continuous-light devices, as many of these are commercially available and afford realistically only trend information. Thus, quantitative brain oximetry can be obtained from continuous light devices with the input of pathlength information from time- and frequency-domain systems.
Preparation of Metal Phosphates by Metathesis Reaction with BPO <sub>4</sub> (1982)

The preparation of metal phosphates by metathesis reaction of BPO 4 with metal oxides and fluorides has been demonstrated to occur from 600° to 1000°C. Such reactions can be advantageously used in converting refractory metal oxides (such as those present in nuclear wastes) to phosphates.