gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Range FT-IR Mineralogy and the Analysis of Sedimentary Formations (1997)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been successfully used as an alternative to X-ray diffraction in the analysis of sedimentary minerals. Many common minerals exhibit unique absorbance spectra in the mid-IR range, which extends from 400 cm -1 to 4000 cm -1 . Several authors have shown that the mineral concentrations of an artificial mixture can be quantitatively derived from the mixture spectrum and the spectra of the mineral standards using the mid-IR. There are some limitations to the use of FT-IR that can result in errors in such an analysis, particularly for real sedimentary rock samples as opposed to laboratory mixtures. A new procedure was developed that combines mid-IR and far-IR into a single spectrum covering the range 300 cm -1 to 5200 cm -1 . The inclusion of the far-IR enables a better analysis of carbonate minerals since the metal-oxygen bond energies are included. Other improvements include compensation for variable light scattering by potassium bromide pellets, wavelet-based weighting of spectra, and use of end-member feldspar standards. Analysis of over 1000 oilfield samples shows that for many minerals, available library mineral standards have appreciably different FT-IR spectra than are found in oilfield samples. As a result, the mineral standard set has been expanded and now includes 49 mineral species of 29 distinct sedimentary minerals including 5 calcites, 4 dolomites, 5 kaolinites and 4 illites. The sample’s FT-IR spectrum is solved as a linear combination of the standard spectra, so the individual mineral species’ concentrations are available. The accuracy of the analyses is confirmed by comparing chemical concentrations measured on a split of the samples with concentrations reconstructed from the mineral concentrations. The new level of quantitative analysis has already resulted in a quantitative lithology analysis for total clay, carbonate, anhydrite and sand that is implemented for open- and cased-hole geochemical log analysis.
Matrix-Stripe-Cache-Based Contiguity Transform for Fragmented Writes in RAID-5 (2007)

Given that contiguous reads and writes between a cache and a disk outperform fragmented reads and writes, fragmented reads and writes are forcefully transformed into contiguous reads and writes via a proposed matrix-stripe-cache-based contiguity transform (MSC-CT) method which employs a rule of consistency for data integrity at the block level and a rule of performance that ensures no performance degradation. MSC-CT performs for reads and writes, both of which are produced by write requests from a host as a write request from a host employs reads for parity update and writes to disks in a redundant array of independent disks (RAID)-5. MSC-CT is compatible with existing disk technologies. The proposed implementation in a Linux kernel delivers a peak throughput that is 3.2 times higher than a case without MSC-CT on representative workloads. The results demonstrate that MSC-CT is extremely simple to implement, has low overhead, and is ideally suited for RAID controllers not only for random writes but also for sequential writes in various realistic scenarios.
Abstract 2917: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of two chemical classes as novel small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors (2012)

Abstract The anti-apoptotic myeloid cell leukemia protein Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family proteins, has a critical and distinct role(s) in maintaining cell survival and is emerging as an independent and promising therapeutic target. Using structure-based design, two classes of small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors were developed with IC50 values ranging from 50 nM to 75 μM, based on the lead compounds identified from high throughput screening. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds were analyzed and chemical features of both series that are important for potency and selectivity on Mcl-1 were identified. The HSQC-NMR spectroscopy studies combined with molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated that both classes of compounds occupy the BH3 binding site in Mcl-1 protein mimicking two conserved hydrophobic residues from BH3 binding motif. The most potent analogues antagonize Mcl-1 on the functional level and they induce release of cytochrome c, inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in Bax/Bak-dependent manner in pancreatic and melanoma cancer cells with high levels of Mcl-1. The knowledge gained through these studies provides promise for future design and expansion of these series towards development of potent small-molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2917. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2917
A floating-body charge monitoring technique for partially depleted SOI technology (2004)

Abstract This paper presents a floating-body charge monitoring technique, which does not require the use of body contacts on the device being monitored. A charge monitor is placed along side with the circuit that is susceptible to the floating-body effects in partially depleted (PD) SOI CMOS circuits. It mimics the circuit topology and operating history of a concerned circuit, specifically the worst-case body voltage of the critical device(s) under consideration. The monitoring is achieved by intentionally triggering a parasitic bipolar current pulse and setting the a state recording latch, which subsequently activates the speed recovering circuitry that compensates the loss of performance at critical circuit nets due to the presence of parasitic bipolar current. Implementation examples are given and described. This technique restores performance and improves timing robustness of the MUX-type and SRAM bit line circuits by minimizing the delay degradation or variation from parasitic bipolar currents.
Scintillators: Quaternary Iodide K(Ca,Sr)I<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> Single‐Crystal Scintillators for Radiation Detection: Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Optical and Scintillation Properties (Advanced Optical Materials 10/2016) (2016)

High-performance quaternary iodide KCa0.8Sr0.2I3:Eu2+ scintillators are developed by using a mixing crystal strategy for radiation detection applications. The theoretical and experimental studies, developed by Y. Wu and co-workers on page 1518, provide physical insights on the relationship between material composition and electronic structure. Such an achievement will open a new horizon for designing modern scintillation materials.
Recombinant expression of Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein in E. Coli outer membrane as a substrate for vaccine research (2016)

C. trachomatis MOMP was functionally expressed on the surface of E. coli outer membrane. The OM expressed and purified rMOMP elicits antibodies that react to the native antigen, Chlamydia EB, in a mouse immunogenicity model. Surface expression of MOMP could provide useful reagents for vaccine research, and the methodology could serve as a platform to produce other outer membrane proteins recombinantly.
Mucosal Adjuvant Properties of Mutant LT-IIa and LT-IIb Enterotoxins That Exhibit Altered Ganglioside-Binding Activities (2005)

LT-IIa and LT-IIb, the type II heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli, are closely related in structure and function to cholera toxin and LT-I, the type I heat-labile enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and E. coli, respectively. Recent studies from our group demonstrated that LT-IIa and LT-IIb are potent systemic and mucosal adjuvants. To determine whether binding of LT-IIa and LT-IIb to their specific ganglioside receptors is essential for adjuvant activity, LT-IIa and LT-IIb enterotoxins were compared with their respective single-point substitution mutants which have no detectable binding activity for their major ganglioside receptors [e.g., LT-IIa(T34I) and LT-IIb(T13I)]. Both mutant enterotoxins exhibited an extremely low capacity for intoxicating mouse Y1 adrenal cells and for inducing production of cyclic AMP in a macrophage cell line. BALB/c female mice were immunized by the intranasal route with the surface adhesin protein AgI/II of Streptococcus mutans alone or in combination with LT-IIa, LT-IIa(T34I), LT-IIb, or LT-IIb(T13I). Both LT-IIa and LT-IIb potentiated strong mucosal and systemic immune responses against AgI/II. Of the two mutant enterotoxins, only LT-IIb(T13I) had the capacity to strongly potentiate mucosal anti-AgI/II and systemic anti-AgI/II antibody responses. Upon boosting with AgI/II, however, both LT-IIa(T34I) and LT-IIb(T13I) enhanced humoral memory responses to AgI/II. Flow cytometry demonstrated that LT-IIa(T34I) had no affinity for cervical lymph node lymphocytes. In contrast, LT-IIb(T13I) retained binding activity for T cells, B cells, and macrophages, indicating that this immunostimulatory mutant enterotoxin interacts with one or more unknown lymphoid cell receptors.
Two-Wavelength, Wide-Dynamic Range Fiber Gyroscope (1987)

An optical fiber gyroscope configuration which utilizes dual wavelength determination of the Sagnac shift is described. It is shown that this provides a means of extending the unambiguous rotation sensing range, and thus the dynamic range, of the gyroscope. An increase in unambiguous sensing range ~ x 45 is demonstrated using an all-fiber gyroscope, giving an absolute dynamic range of ~ 10 6.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hypoxia triggers release of an endogenous inhibitor of Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from midbrain and adrenal (1998)

An endogenous inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase has been isolated from bovine hypothalamus and human plasma and structurally characterized as an isomer of the plant cardiac glycoside, ouabain (A. A. Tymiak, J. A. Norman, M. Bolgar, G. C. DiDonato, H. Lee, W. L. Parker, L.-C. Lo, N. Berova, K. Nakanishi, E. Haber, and G. T. Haupert, Jr. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA 90: 8189-8193, 1993; N. Zhao, L.-C. Lo, N. Berova, K. Nakanishi, J. H. Ludens, and G. T. Haupert, Jr. Biochemistry 34: 9893-9896, 1995). This hypothalamic inhibitory factor (HIF) acts on cardiovascular and renal tissues consistent with physiological regulation in vivo. Stimuli for the release of HIF from tissue are unknown. Hypoxia may be a stimulus for the elaboration of digitalis-like activity in humans, and high NaCl concentration in central nervous system stimulates ouabain-like activity in animals. We examined the ability of low O2 tension in vivo and in vitro to stimulate HIF release from midbrain and adrenal tissues in Wistar rats. In both tissues, hypoxia stimulated a remarkable release of an inhibitor cochromatographing with HIF, and this release was enhanced by 300 mM NaCl. Plasma from hypoxic rats also showed increased levels of the purified inhibitory activity. We conclude that hypoxia is a potent stimulus for the release of HIF or HIF-like activity and discuss the possibility that an Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitor could be involved in energy-conserving cellular adaptive responses to hypoxic or ischemic insult through ATP conservation.
Inhibition of the MUC1-C oncoprotein is synergistic with cytotoxic agents in the treatment of breast cancer cells (2013)

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that is aberrantly overexpressed in most human breast cancers. The oncogenic MUC1-C subunit promotes survival and blocks the apoptotic response to genotoxic anticancer agents. In the present studies, human MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells were treated with the MUC1-C inhibitor, GO-203, a cell-penetrating peptide that blocks MUC1-C homodimerization and thereby its oncogenic function. Treatment with GO-203 was found to promote the apoptotic response of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells to the therapeutic drugs taxol and doxorubicin (DOX). This effect was (1) attenuated by a pan-caspase inhibitor, and (2) mediated, at least in part, by activation of the effector caspase-7 and cleavage of the downstream substrate PARP. Further analysis of the interaction between GO-203 and taxol using isobolograms, which evaluate the nature of the interaction of two drugs, demonstrated that the combination is highly synergistic. These results were supported by combination index (CI) analysis with values of less than 1. GO-203 was also highly synergistic with DOX in studies of both MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. These findings indicate that blocking MUC1-C function could be effective in combination with taxol and DOX for the treatment of breast cancer.
Towards Noise Resilient SLAM (2020)

Sparse-indirect SLAM systems have been dominantly popular due to their computational efficiency and photometric invariance properties. Depth sensors are critical to SLAM frameworks for providing scale information to the 3D world, yet known to be plagued by a wide variety of noise sources, possessing lateral and axial components. In this work, we demonstrate the detrimental impact of these depth noise components on the performance of the state-of-the-art sparse-indirect SLAM system (ORB-SLAM2). We propose (i) Map-Point Consensus based Outlier Rejection (MC-OR) to counter lateral noise, and (ii) Adaptive Virtual Camera (AVC) to combat axial noise accurately. MC-OR utilizes consensus information between multiple sightings of the same landmark to disambiguate noisy depth and filter it out before pose optimization. In AVC, we introduce an error vector as an accurate representation of the axial depth error. We additionally propose an adaptive algorithm to find the virtual camera location for projecting the error used in the objective function of the pose optimization. Our techniques work equally well for stereo image pairs and RGB-D input directly used by sparse-indirect SLAM systems. Our methods were tested on the TUM (RGB-D) and EuRoC (stereo) datasets and we show that they outperform existing state-of-the-art ORB-SLAM2 by 2-3x, especially in sequences critically affected by depth noise.
Transparent heat mirrors for solar-energy applications (1976)

Transparent heat-mirror films, which transmit solar radiation but reflect ir thermal radiation, have potentially important applications in solar/thermal/electric conversion, solar heating, solar photovoltaic conversion, and window insulation. We have used rf sputtering to prepare two types of films: TiO(2)/Ag/TiO(2) and Sn-doped In(2)O(3). To characterize the properties of heat-mirror films for solar-energy collection, we define the parameters alpha(eff), the effective solar absorptivity, and epsilon(eff), the effective ir emissivity. For our Sn-doped In(2)O(3) films, alpha(eff)/epsilon(eff) is comparable to the values of alpha/epsilon reported for the leading selective absorbers. Even higher values of alpha(eff)/epsilon(eff) are obtained for the TiO(2)/Ag/TiO(2) films.
Use of an Immobilized/Soluble Hybrid ATRP Catalyst System for the Preparation of Block Copolymers, Random Copolymers, and Polymers with High Degree of Chain End Functionality (2003)

An immobilized/soluble hybrid catalyst system (CuBr/PS8-dMbpy)/(CuBr2/Me6TREN) for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was applied to the preparation of polymers exhibiting various architectures. Polymers with high degree of halogen chain end functionality (∼85%) were obtained using the hybrid catalyst system ensuring high efficiency of chain extension reactions through successive monomer addition, affording block (tapered) copolymers. Use of the immobilized catalyst also allowed the synthesis of block copolymers using macroinitiators synthesized by other mechanisms, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane). In the copolymerization of MMA and n-butyl acrylate, the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, kinetics, and reactivity ratios were similar to those in a conventional homogeneous ATRP, indicating the chemical nature of the polymerization intermediates are similar for both systems. These examples demonstrate the broad applicability of the hybrid catalyst system to various ATRP processes.
Identification of CT521 as a Frequent Target of Th1 Cells in Patients with Urogenital<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection (2006)

We have identified a novel C. trachomatis antigen, CT521, that is frequently recognized in patients with urogenital C. trachomatis infection.
Demonstration of Multiple Kerr-Frequency-Comb Generation Using Different Lines from Another Kerr Comb Located up to a 50 km Distance (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate multiple Kerr-frequency-comb generation using different lines from another Kerr comb located up to a 50 km distance. The master and generated slave combs are mutually coherent and have a small variance of frequency error.
All-optical fiber signal processing and regeneration for soliton communications (1997)

Ultrafast all-optical signal processing techniques are expected to play a major role in future ultrafast single-carrier soliton systems, because they remove the electronics bottleneck. In this paper, two all-optical devices, the nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) and the Kerr fiber modulator (KFM), are used to achieve major functions related to high bit rate soliton links. At the interface with existing networks, conversions from data at the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format to return-to-zero (RZ) and soliton data, and vice-versa are required. These two conversions are demonstrated through NOLMs, and their limitations investigated. However, the main part of this paper is devoted to in-line soliton regeneration through synchronous modulation. Synchronous modulation requires both clock recovery and in-line optical modulation. In the following, all-optical approaches for these two functions are considered separately, before being associated in a true all-optical regenerator. All-optical clock recovery techniques are first reviewed. An experimental implementation of one of these techniques is described. On the other hand, all-optical modulation can be done either with intensity or phase modulators. We initially proposed the NOLM as all-optical intensity modulator. We analyze it theoretically, both from the component and the system application viewpoints. A modified configuration of the NOLM, having two optical controls, removes some limitations pertaining to the single-control configuration, yielding even higher performance. The other all-optical synchronous modulator considered here is the KFM, which is a pure phase modulator. Its potential is demonstrated in a 20-Gb/s soliton transmission experiment, when driven by an optoelectronic optical clock generation device. Issues specific to the implementation of both types of all-optical fiber-based modulators are discussed. Finally, a true all-optical synchronous regenerator, combining all-optical clock recovery circuit and KFM, is tested in an actual soliton transmission experiment at 20 Gb/s.
Saposin C stimulates growth and invasion, activates p42/44 and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways of MAPK and upregulates uPA/uPAR expression in prostate cancer and stromal cells (2005)

Saposin C functions as a multipotential modulator of diverse biological activities in prostate cancer and stromal cells. These results strongly suggest that saposin C functions as a potent growth factor for prostatic cells and may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis and/or the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Deriving dopaminergic neurons for clinical use. A practical approach (2013)

New small molecules that regulate the step-wise differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons have been identified. The steroid, guggulsterone, was found to be the most effective inducer of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are extensively characterized and shown to be functional. We believe this new approach offers a practical route to creating neurons of sufficient quality to be used to treat Parkinson's disease patients.
Variable Binned Scatter Plots (2010)

The scatter plot is a well-known method of visualizing pairs of two continuous variables. Scatter plots are intuitive and easy-to-use, but often have a high degree of overlap which may occlude a significant portion of the data. To analyze a dense non-uniform data set, a recursive drill-down is required for detailed analysis. In this article, we propose variable binned scatter plots to allow the visualization of large amounts of data without overlapping. The basic idea is to use a non-uniform (variable) binning of the x and y dimensions and to plot all data points that are located within each bin into the corresponding squares. In the visualization, each data point is then represented by a small cell (pixel). Users are able to interact with individual data points for record level information. To analyze an interesting area of the scatter plot, the variable binned scatter plots with a refined scale for the subarea can be generated recursively as needed. Furthermore, we map a third attribute to color to obtain a visual clustering. We have applied variable binned scatter plots to solve real-world problems in the areas of credit card fraud and data center energy consumption to visualize their data distributions and cause-effect relationships among multiple attributes. A comparison of our methods with two recent scatter plot variants is included.
Production of deoxyfrenolicin and a new antibiotic, frenolicin B by Streptomyces roseofulvus strain AM-3867. (1978)

Two antibiotics of frenolicin group, antibiotic AM-3867 I and II were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces roseofulvus strain No. AM-3867, a soil isolate. The former was a new antibiotic designated as frenolicin B and its structure containing γ-lactone was determined, while the latter was identified as deoxyfrenolicin having been chemically prepared from frenolicin.
Quantum simulations of electrostatics in Si cylindrical nanowire pinch-off nFETs and pFETs with a homogeneous channel including strain and arbitrary crystallographic orientations (2011)

In this work, cylindrical junctionless nanowire pinch-off FETs with a circular horizontal cross-section are simulated. Advanced simulation methods based on the self consistent solution of the Poisson equation (PE) and the 6x6 k · p Schrodinger equation (SE) (for pFETs) or the effective mass SE (for nFETs) are employed allowing us to handle quantum confinement, stress/strain, and arbitrary crystallographic orientations. Using these advanced simulation methods the change of the electrostatics in junctionless nanowire pinch-off FETs is studied when strain and/or an arbitrary crystallographic orientation is considered. In this work we consider nanowire FETs with an infinitely long channel such that the Si body of the device is homogeneous, i.e. it is taken to be translation invariant in the channel direction (z). The simulation results for both homogeneous channel nFETs and pFETs are presented.
Experimental realization of phase-conjugate optical coherence tomography (2010)

We demonstrate phase-conjugate optical coherence tomography (PC-OCT) using a classical source of phase-sensitive cross-correlated beams to achieve measurement improvements shared by quantum OCT (Q-OCT): a factor-of-2 enhancement in axial resolution and even-order dispersion cancellation. Compared with coincidence counting used in Q-OCT, PC-OCT employs standard photodetection that results in much faster data acquisitions. This work belongs to a new class of classical techniques inspired by quantum methods that have advantages once thought to be exclusively quantum mechanical.