gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a two-layer neural network via displacement convexity (2020)

Fitting a function by using linear combinations of a large number $N$ of “simple” components is one of the most fruitful ideas in statistical learning. This idea lies at the core of a variety of methods, from two-layer neural networks to kernel regression, to boosting. In general, the resulting risk minimization problem is nonconvex and is solved by gradient descent or its variants. Unfortunately, little is known about global convergence properties of these approaches. Here, we consider the problem of learning a concave function $f$ on a compact convex domain $\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^{d}$, using linear combinations of “bump-like” components (neurons). The parameters to be fitted are the centers of $N$ bumps, and the resulting empirical risk minimization problem is highly nonconvex. We prove that, in the limit in which the number of neurons diverges, the evolution of gradient descent converges to a Wasserstein gradient flow in the space of probability distributions over $\Omega $. Further, when the bump width $\delta $ tends to $0$, this gradient flow has a limit which is a viscous porous medium equation. Remarkably, the cost function optimized by this gradient flow exhibits a special property known as displacement convexity, which implies exponential convergence rates for $N\to \infty $, $\delta \to 0$. Surprisingly, this asymptotic theory appears to capture well the behavior for moderate values of $\delta $, $N$. Explaining this phenomenon, and understanding the dependence on $\delta $, $N$ in a quantitative manner remains an outstanding challenge.
Development of a 100 kW SiC Switched Tank Converter for Automotive Applications (2019)

A 300 V to 600 V 100 kW SiC MOSFET based one-cell switched tank converter (STC) is developed as a bidirectional dc-dc power transfer stage between the vehicle battery and the DC-link side of the vehicle dc-ac inverter. A continuous half-load 50 kW and short-period full-load 100 kW operation is targeted. Working principles of the proposed topology are analyzed. Design of the key components such as SiC MOSFET power modules, AC resonant capacitor and inductor is presented. A 100 kW prototype has been assembled and tested. An energy-efficient test platform is designed. The power density of the main power processing part is around 41.7 kW/L. The tested peak and full-load efficiencies are about 98.7% and 97.35%, respectively. The thermal performance has also been evaluated. Both the tested electrical and thermal results are consistent with the theoretical design.
ROS‐Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2016)

Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to the ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, and inflammatory responses to cell death. In normal conditions, ROS mediate important beneficial responses. When their production is prolonged or elevated, harmful events are observed with peculiar cellular changes. In particular, during I/R, ROS stimulate tissue inflammation and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 are several and not completely elucidated. It was recently shown that NLRP3 might sense directly the presence of ROS produced by normal or malfunctioning mitochondria or indirectly by other activators of NLRP3. Aim of the present review is to describe the current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 in some organs (brain, heart, kidney, and testis) after I/R injury, with particular regard to the role played by ROS in its activation. Furthermore, as no specific therapy for the prevention or treatment of the high mortality and morbidity associated with I/R is available, the state of the art of the development of novel therapeutic approaches is illustrated.
Chemical Characterization of Hydrogels Crosslinked with Polyethylene Glycol for Soft Tissue Augmentation (2019)

The proposed method successfully determined the two crosslinking parameters in PEG-crosslinked dermal fillers. The estimated percentage of crosslinker is similar to previously reported data for other crosslinkers, whereas the effective crosslinker ratio is lower for PEG crosslinked hydrogels.
A reduction in hippocampal GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor α5 subunits disrupts the memory for location of objects in mice (2010)

The memory for location of objects, which binds information about objects to discrete positions or spatial contexts of occurrence, is a form of episodic memory particularly sensitive to hippocampal damage. Its early decline is symptomatic for elderly dementia. Substances that selectively reduce alpha5-GABA(A) receptor function are currently developed as potential cognition enhancers for Alzheimer's syndrome and other dementia, consistent with genetic studies implicating these receptors that are highly expressed in hippocampus in learning performance. Here we explored the consequences of reduced GABA(A)alpha5-subunit contents, as occurring in alpha5(H105R) knock-in mice, on the memory for location of objects. This required the behavioral characterization of alpha5(H105R) and wild-type animals in various tasks examining learning and memory retrieval strategies for objects, locations, contexts and their combinations. In mutants, decreased amounts of alpha5-subunits and retained long-term potentiation in hippocampus were confirmed. They exhibited hyperactivity with conserved circadian rhythm in familiar actimeters, and normal exploration and emotional reactivity in novel places, allocentric spatial guidance, and motor pattern learning acquisition, inhibition and flexibility in T- and eight-arm mazes. Processing of object, position and context memories and object-guided response learning were spared. Genotype difference in object-in-place memory retrieval and in encoding and response learning strategies for object-location combinations manifested as a bias favoring object-based recognition and guidance strategies over spatial processing of objects in the mutants. These findings identify in alpha5(H105R) mice a behavioral-cognitive phenotype affecting basal locomotion and the memory for location of objects indicative of hippocampal dysfunction resulting from moderately decreased alpha5-subunit contents.
Human interferon production with diploid fibroblast cells grown on microcarriers (1979)

Abstract A variety of diploid human fibroblast lines have been successfully grown to high densities (>10 6 cell/ml) on recently developed microcarriers. Interferon induction using poly I·poly C and a superinduction procedure resulted in yields greater than 10,000 units/ml with one cell line. A direct comparison of microcarrier cultures to roller bottle cultures showed equivalent interferon yields on a per cell basis and some apparent differences relating to optimum inducer concentrations and kinetics of interferon accumulation.
Effect of perforating conditions on well performance. [Natural gas wells] (1982)

The productivity of a perforated gas well is strongly affected by non-Darcy or 'turbulent' flow through the compacted zone around each perforation. The turbulence coefficient depends on the permeability of this compacted zone. This permeability, a function of the perforation condition, can be used with perforation dimensions to predict gas well performance. An approach is presented for the problem of turbulent flow in perforated wells that are not gravel-packed. It can be used to analyze producing gas wells, or it can be combined with flowing well analysis to calculate the perforations needed to complete a gas well in a consolidated or competent formation. 13 refs.
Rattle: A Data Mining GUI for R (2009)

Data mining delivers insights, patterns, and descriptive and predictive models from the large amounts of data available today in many organisations. The data miner draws heavily on methodologies, techniques and algorithms from statistics, machine learning, and computer science. R increasingly provides a powerful platform for data mining. However, scripting and programming is sometimes a challenge for data analysts moving into data mining. The Rattle package provides a graphical user interface specifically for data mining using R. It also provides a stepping stone toward using R as a programming language for data analysis.
High-resolution video streaming in mesh-networked homes (2005)

Wireless mesh systems offer several advantages for emerging high-bandwidth networks because of their cooperative routing capabilities. In this study, we consider the potential benefits of using wireless meshes within residential networks for applications that require high bandwidth and low latency. In particular, we consider high-bitrate video transmission inside a mesh-networked home. To quantify our findings, we present experimental results obtained from a high-resolution video streaming application. Our experiments involve single-hop, multi-hop, single-path and multi-path transmission methods, and two types of video coding techniques, namely single description coding and multiple description coding. In the light of our results, we discuss the pros and cons of each streaming method, and motivate a set of research problems.
Characterization of Novel Histidine-Tagged Tat-Peptide Complexes Dual-Labeled with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-Tricarbonyl and Fluorescein for Scintigraphy and Fluorescence Microscopy (2002)

To enable concurrent whole body scintigraphy and direct imaging of subcellular localization of permeation peptides, dual-labeled Tat-peptides useful for both radiometric analysis and fluorescence microscopy are desired for molecular imaging applications. Thus, novel dual-labeled D-Tat-peptides comprising Tat-basic domain (hgrkkrrqrrrgc), C-terminus conjugated with fluorescein-5-maleimide (FM) and N-terminus chelated with [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)] via histidine coordination, were synthesized and characterized. In human Jurkat cells, radiotracer uptake and washout studies revealed concentration-dependent accumulation of the dual-labeled Tat-peptide within cells. Subcellular localization of Tat-peptide was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy using an analogous [Re(CO)(3)] dual-labeled Tat-peptide. As seen with C-terminus single-labeled Tat-peptides, localization to the nucleoli was observed with the dual-labeled Tat-peptide, suggesting that the mechanism of Tat-peptide uptake and localization was not dependent on free peptide termini at either end. In Balb/c mice, biodistribution studies performed with the dual-labeled Tat-peptide showed fluorescence intensity by microscopic analysis that visually confirmed and correlated directly with scintigraphic and radiometric data. Of note, following intravenous administration, little brain penetration of these permeation sequences was observed in vivo. His[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]-, DTPA[(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]-, and epsilon-lys-gly-cys[(99m)Tc(O)]-labeled Tat-peptides showed significant pharmacokinetic differences in liver and kidney depending on labeling strategy, indicating that Tat-peptide biodistribution can be impacted by the chelation moiety coordinated with (99m)Tc. Thus, we have shown that dual-labeled (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl Tat-peptide-FM conjugates can be conveniently synthesized and enable direct comparison of quantitative radiometric and qualitative fluorescence data both in vitro as well as in vivo.
Martensitic phase transition with magnetocaloric effect and double-shifted exchange bias in the martensitic phase for Ni<sub>48</sub>Mn<sub>39</sub>Sn<sub>13-<i>x</i></sub>Ge<i><sub>x</sub></i> alloys (2018)

Ni48Mn39Sn13-xGex (x = 1, 2) Heusler alloys have been prepared, and the martensitic phase transition (MPT), magnetocaloric effect and exchange bias (EB) have been explored. At room temperature, the structure of both samples presents L21 type, and the MPT shifts to a higher temperature, while the Curie temperature (TC) of the austenitic phase decreases with the increase of the Ge content. The maximum magnetic entropy change of Ni48Mn39Sn13-xGex with x = 2 reaches about 14.67 J/kg K under the magnetic field of 5 T during reverse MPT. In addition, an interesting phenomenon is the enhancement of EB with the increase of the Ge content, especially the abnormal presence of the double-shifted hysteresis loop has been realized in Ni48Mn39Sn13-xGex with x = 2, which can be interpreted by the fact that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) regions couple with proximal ferromagnetic (FM) regions in the opposite way at low temperature.
Effect of a lactobacilli preparation on traveler's diarrhea. A randomized, double blind clinical trial. (1978)

The effectiveness of prophylactic ingestion of a commercial preparation of lactobacilli (Lactinex) for the prevention or modification of traveler's diarrhea was tested in a randomized double blind clinical trial in 50 volunteer travelers to Mexico from the United States. Twenty-six subjects received the lactobacilli preparation and 24 received placebo. The incidence of diarrhea and its duration during the 4 weeks of observation were quite similar for the two preparations: 35% for lactobacilli-treated subjects and 29% for placebo subjects. Typically, the diarrhea was mild, lasting 2 days. From the observations during this study we conclude that prophylactic ingestion of lactobacilli for 1 week does not reduce the incidence or duration of traveler's diarrhea either during the period of ingestion or during the following 3 weeks.
Rab17, a novel small GTPase, is specific for epithelial cells and is induced during cell polarization. (1993)

The rab subfamily of small GTPases has been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells. Compared with nonpolarized cells, epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral transport pathways which need to be separately regulated. This raises the question whether epithelial cells require specific rab proteins. However, all rab proteins identified so far were found to be equally expressed in polarized and nonpolarized cells. Here we report the identification of rab17, the first epithelial cell-specific small GTPase. Northern blot analysis on various mouse organs, revealed that the rab17 mRNA is present in kidney, liver, and intestine but not in organs lacking epithelial cells nor in fibroblasts. To determine whether rab17 is specific for epithelial cells we studied its expression in the developing kidney. We found that rab17 is absent from the mesenchymal precursors but is induced upon their differentiation into epithelial cells. In situ hybridization studies on the embryonic kidney and intestine revealed that rab17 is restricted to epithelial cells. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy on kidney sections, rab17 was localized to the basolateral plasma membrane and to apical tubules. Rab proteins associated with two distinct compartments have been found to regulate transport between them. Therefore, our data suggest that rab17 might be involved in transcellular transport.
Direct myosin-2 inhibition enhances cerebral perfusion resulting in functional improvement after ischemic stroke (2020)

Acute ischemic stroke treatment faces an unresolved obstacle as capillary reperfusion remains insufficient after thrombolysis and thrombectomy causing neuronal damage and poor prognosis. Hypoxia-induced capillary constriction is mediated by actomyosin contraction in precapillary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) therefore smooth muscle myosin-2 could be an ideal target with potentially high impact on reperfusion of capillaries. <b>Methods</b>: The myosin-2 inhibitor <i>para</i>-aminoblebbistatin (AmBleb) was tested on isolated human and rat arterioles to assess the effect of AmBleb on vasodilatation. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on 38 male Wistar rats followed by local administration of AmBleb into the ischemic brain area. Development of brain edema and changes in cerebrovascular blood flow were assessed using MRI and SPECT. We also tested the neurological deficit scores and locomotor asymmetry of the animals for 3 weeks after the MCAO operation. <b>Results</b>: Our results demonstrate that AmBleb could achieve full relaxation of isolated cerebral arterioles. In living animals AmBleb recovered cerebral blood flow in 32 out of the 65 affected functional brain areas in MCAO operated rats, whereas only 8 out of the 67 affected areas were recovered in the control animals. Animals treated with AmBleb also showed significantly improved general and focal deficit scores in neurological functional tests and showed significantly ameliorated locomotor asymmetry. <b>Conclusion</b>: Direct inhibition of smooth muscle myosin by AmBleb in pre-capillary SMCs significantly contribute to the improvement of cerebral blood reperfusion and brain functions suggesting that smooth muscle myosin inhibition may have promising potential in stroke therapies as a follow-up treatment of physical or chemical removal of the occluding thrombus.
Single layer graphene encapsulating non-precious metals as high-performance electrocatalysts for water oxidation (2015)

Single layer graphene encapsulating earth-abundant 3d transition metal nanoparticles exhibits excellent activity and durability for water oxidation, even exceeding IrO<sub>2</sub>.
Strukturen und Strategien der Technologiepolitik (1989)

Die Analyse im ersten Kapitel dieses Teiles hat gezeigt, daß die Zusammenhänge zwischen politischen Vermittlungsstrukturen einerseits und der Leistungsfähigkeit des Staates andererseits nicht eindeutig festgelegt sind. Die verbreitete Annahme der Korporatismustheorie, daß die Handlungsfähigkeit des Staates um so größer sei, je stärker die Integration der Interessenvermittlung sei, ist empirisch problematisch. Es läßt sich zwar durchaus zeigen, daß Länder mit integrierender Interessenvermittlung in einigen Politikbereichen besser abschneiden als solche mit stark pluralistischer Interessenvermittlung; für viele Bereiche der Wirtschaftspolitik trifft das jedoch nicht zu. Insgesamt ist der Zusammenhang zwischen politisch-ökonomischen Vermittlungsstrukturen und staatlicher Handlungsfähigkeit jedoch ambivalent.
Variability of Ultrasonic Pachometry (1990)

We evaluated the intraobserver, interobserver, and intersession variability of the Humphrey model 580 ultrasonic pachometer. Twenty eyes (10 subjects) were measured in the intraobserver study. Forty-two eyes (21 subjects) were measured in the interobserver and intersession studies. Multiple analysis of variance revealed no statistical differences between observers or between right and left eyes. A marginally significant time (intersession) effect was found, with greater corneal thicknesses measured in the afternoon. The intraobserver variability averaged 6 microns, whereas the interobserver and intersession variabilities were approximately 11 microns and 14 microns, respectively. The relative simplicity, objectivity, and repeatability of ultrasonic pachometry should enable corneal thickness changes to be monitored in clinical practice on a more routine basis.
A Magneto-rheological Fluid Squeeze Film Damper for Rotor Vibration Control (2014)

Using the special characteristic of magneto-rheological (MR) fluid with a rapid, reversible and dramatic change in its rheological properties, particularly its apparent viscosity, by application of an external magnetic field, a novel controllable magneto-rheological fluid squeeze film damper(SFD) is developed in this paper. The controllability of the MR fluid SFD on the dynamic characteristics of a rotor system and the effectiveness of the MR fluid SFD for attenuating rotor vibration are experimentally studied in a two-disk flexible rotor. It is shown that not only can the dynamical characteristics of the MR fluid SFD be controlled by a simple external magnetic field, but also the magnetic field required to change dramatically the dynamic behaviour of the MR fluid SFD is not high and can be easily produced by a low voltage electromagnetic coil, and that the MR fluid SFD is very effective in controlling and attenuating the rotor system vibration.
A framework for emerging topic detection in biomedicine (2014)

<p>Emerging topic detection algorithms have the potential to assist researchers in maintaining awareness of current trends in biomedical fields--a feat not easily achieved with existing methods. Though topic detection algorithms for news-cycles exist, several aspects of this particular area make applying them directly to scientific literature problematic.</p> <p>This dissertation offers a framework for emerging topic detection in biomedicine. The framework includes a novel set of weightings based on the historical importance of each topic identified. Features such as journal impact factor and funding data are used to develop a fitness score to identify which topics are likely to burst in the future. Characterization of bursts over an extended planning horizon by discipline was performed to understand what a typical burst trend looks like in this space to better understand how to identify important or emerging trends. Cluster analysis was used to create an overlapping hierarchical structure of scientific literature at the discipline level. This allows for granularity adjustment (e.g. discipline level or research area level) in emerging topic detection for different users. Using cluster analysis allows for the identification of terms that may not be included in annotated taxonomies, as they are new or not considered as relevant at the time the taxonomy was last updated. Weighting topics by historical frequency allows for better identification of bursts that are associated with less well-known areas, and therefore more surprising. The fitness score allows for the early identification of bursty terms. This framework will benefit policy makers, clinicians and researchers.</p>
Sender Policy Framework: contra el spam (2004)

Haciendo facil la deteccion de falsificaciones usted puede ayudar a eliminar el problema del spam. Proteja la reputacion de su direccion de correo con una sencilla tecnica de DNS.
Learning Classification-DBNs from Data (2019)

As our societies are becoming ever more digital and reliant on automated systems, it becomes\nincreasingly important to monitor the technologies we depend on using automated systems to\nguard against failures and downtime. While many fault detection solutions have already been\nproposed, we found that methods for continuously monitoring the state of a system in an explainable\nway have not yet been widely researched, while this could provide helpful information\nto the user. Therefore, we propose C-DBNs, a special case of Dynamic Bayesian networks\nthat have been tailored to classify dynamic processes using existing probabilistic models. We\nalso introduce S-RAD: a novel method for automatically discretizing datasets for usage with\nC-DBNs to automate the process of learning explainable models even further. Our ?rst results\nseem promising and provide a reliable alternative to existing methods of discretization without\nprior knowledge.