gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Microstructured Scaffolds to Support Photoreceptor Polarization and Maturation (2018)

Blinding disorders of the outer retina involve dysfunction and degeneration of photoreceptors. One potential approach to treat these forms of blindness is to repopulate the outer retina via a simple bolus injection of donor photoreceptors. However, this may not be ideal due to the highly polarized organization of photoreceptors that include apical light sensing photopigments and basal axon terminals. Furthermore, bolus injections create uncertainty with regard to the area, density, and retention of donor cells. Here, a novel and robust microfabrication process is developed to create 3D, micrometer-sized complex structures in ultrathin and biocompatible elastomer films (nonbiodegradable polydimethylsiloxane and biodegradable poly(glycerol-sebacate)) that can serve as polarizable photoreceptor delivery scaffolds, consisting of an array of cup-shaped photoreceptor capture wells that funnel into a microchannel. This "wine glass" scaffold design promotes efficient capture of human pluripotent stem-cell-derived photoreceptor cell bodies and guidance of basal axon extensions, ultimately achieving a uniform level of organization and polarization that is not possible with bolus injections or previously described scaffolds. In addition to future therapeutic applications, our scaffold design and materials provide a platform to generate reproducible and scalable in vitro models of photoreceptor-based diseases.
A study for applying lower temperature heat source to loop-tube thermoacoustic cooling system (2006)

To realize the generation of self-sustained sound in lower temperature heat source, a 5-μm in thickness rubber membrane was applied in the loop-tube thermoacoustic cooling system. It is known that the existence of dc flow acts as the negative effect for the loop-tube. The membrane reduces a loss of thermal energy supplied to the prime mover by suppressing the dc flow. So it is considered that lower temperature difference between both the edges of the stack can be realized by using presented system. The locating position of the membrane was moved, and then the temperature differences of the stack were observed. The experiments were carried out on the condition that the thermal energy supplied to the prime mover was constant. It was found that the temperature difference is affected by the position of the membrane. When the membrane was set at the approximate antinode of pressure, the lowest temperature difference was realized. In this condition, the temperature difference with the membrane was 430 K, which was 160 K lower than without the membrane. These results suggest that a lower temperature heat source can be available by setting the membrane on the loop-tube thermoacoustic cooling system.
Organic light emitting diodes with strikingly improved electrical properties using intentionally doped hole transport layers (1998)

Organic electroluminescent diodes (OLED) /1/ have been studied intensively in the last few years due to their widespread application possibilities.
Enabling content-aware traffic engineering (2012)

Today, a large fraction of Internet traffic is originated by Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). To cope with increasing demand for content, CDNs have deployed massively distributed infrastructures. These deployments pose challenges for CDNs as they have to dynamically map end-users to appropriate servers without being full+y aware of the network conditions within an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or the end-user location. On the other hand, ISPs struggle to cope with rapid traffic shifts caused by the dynamic server selection policies of the CDNs. The challenges that CDNs and ISPs face separately can be turned into an opportunity for collaboration. We argue that it is sufficient for CDNs and ISPs to coordinate only in server selection, not routing, in order to perform traffic engineering. To this end, we propose Content-aware Traffic Engineering (CaTE), which dynamically adapts server selection for content hosted by CDNs using ISP recommendations on small time scales. CaTE relies on the observation that by selecting an appropriate server among those available to deliver the content, the path of the traffic in the network can be influenced in a desired way. We present the design and implementation of a prototype to realize CaTE, and show how CDNs and ISPs can jointly take advantage of the already deployed distributed hosting infrastructures and path diversity, as well as the ISP detailed view of the network status without revealing sensitive operational information. By relying on tier-1 ISP traces, we show that CaTE allows CDNs to enhance the end-user experience while enabling an ISP to achieve several traffic engineering goals.
DRIVESHAFT: Improving Perceived Mobile Web Performance (2018)

With mobiles overtaking desktops as the primary vehicle of Internet consumption, mobile web performance has become a crucial factor for websites as it directly impacts their revenue. In principle, improving web performance entails squeezing out every millisecond of the webpage delivery, loading, and rendering. However, on a practical note, an illusion of faster websites suffices. This paper presents DriveShaft, a system envisioned to be deployed in Content Delivery Networks, which improves the perceived web performance on mobile devices by reducing the time taken to show visually complete web pages, without requiring any changes in websites, browsers, or any actions from end-user. DriveShaft employs (i) crowdsourcing, (ii) on-the-fly JavaScript injection, (iii) privacy preserving desensitization, and (iv) automatic HTML generation to achieve its goals. Experimental evaluations using 200 representative websites on different networks (Wi-Fi and 4G), different devices (high-end and low-end phones) and different browsers, show a reduction of 5x in the time required to see a visually complete website while giving a perception of 5x-6x faster page loading.
Isolation and characterization of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain expressing a novel crystal protein with cytocidal activity against human cancer cells (2007)

This study raises questions as to the actual role of this bacterial strain and its crystal protein in the environment. It may be possible to further develop the Cry31Aa2 protein to target specific human cancer cells.
Functional Transplant of a Dengue Virus Serotype 3 (DENV3)-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody Epitope into DENV1 (2016)

Dengue virus is the most important mosquito-borne pathogen of humans worldwide, with approximately one-half the world's population living in regions where dengue is endemic. Dengue immunity following infection is robust and thought to be conferred by antibodies raised against the infecting virus. However, the specific viral components that these antibodies recognize and how they neutralize the virus have been incompletely described. Here we map a region on dengue virus serotype 3 recognized by the human neutralizing antibody 5J7 and then test the functional significance of this region by transplanting it into a serotype 1 virus. Our studies demonstrate a region on dengue virus necessary for 5J7 binding and neutralization. Our work also demonstrates the technical feasibility of engineering dengue viruses to display targets of protective antibodies. This technology can be used to develop new dengue vaccines and diagnostic assays.
Compound scenarios: an efficient framework for integrated market–credit risk (2008)

This paper describes an efficient three-tiered scenario generation framework for assessing joint market–credit risk with Monte Carlo simulation. The framework employs a set of so-called compound scenarios, having a tree-like structure comprising of three levels or tiers. The scenarios underlie correlated market and systemic credit factors and independent, idiosyncratic, credit risk factors. We obtain confidence intervals for the mean and quantiles of a portfolio loss distribution in the non-independent and identically distributed setting of compound scenarios. The confidence intervals derive from the asymptotic normality of the sample mean and sample quantile and a variance decomposition formula that expresses the asymptotic variance in terms of the number of samples from each of the three tiers. The resultant formula directly measures the impact of various sample sizes on the variance of the estimate, which is more efficient than the trial-and-error approach used by practitioners today. Moreover, the formula allows one to optimize the choice of sample sizes and to minimize the estimator’s variance subject to constraints on available time or computer resources. The results are illustrated with some numerical and empirical examples.
Photoswitchable gas permeation membranes based on azobenzene-doped liquid crystals (2009)

We have fabricated switchable gas permeation membranes in which a photoswitchable low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline (LC) material acts as the active element. Two different LC eutectic mixtures based on cyanobiphenyls and phenyl benzoates, respectively, were doped with mesogenic azo dyes and infused into commercially available tracketched porous polycarbonate membranes with regular cylindrical pores (0.40 to 10.0 μm). Photo-induced isothermal phase changes in the imbibed mesogenic material afforded large, reversible changes in the permeability of the photoswitchable membrane to nitrogen. The membrane imbibed with the photoswitchable cyanobiphenyl LC material demonstrated low permeability in the nematic state, while the photogenerated isotropic state demonstrated a 16×-greater sorption coefficient. Both states obey a high linear sorption behavior in accordance with Henry's Law. The membrane imbibed with the photoswitchable phenyl benzoate LC showed the opposite permeability behavior to the biphenylimbibed membrane, along with nonlinear sorption behavior. Permeability switching response times for the membranes on the order of 5 s were demonstrated using alternating UV and >420-nm radiation at an intensity of 2 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The effect of thermomolecular motion on gas sorption and diffusion over the LC-isotropic phase transitions are, for the first time, evaluated under isothermal conditions. These photoswitchable membranes are the first examples of systems that are capable of rapid and reversible gas permeation switching. Such switchable and/or tunable membranes are in high demand for applications in analytics, screening, and membrane reactors.
Direct deposition of continuous metal nanostructures by thermal dip-pen nanolithography (2006)

We describe the deposition of continuous metal nanostructures onto glass and silicon using a heated atomic force microscope cantilever. Like a miniature soldering iron, the cantilever tip is coated with indium metal, which can be deposited onto a surface forming lines of a width less than 80 nm. Deposition is controlled using a heater integrated into the cantilever. When the cantilever is unheated, no metal is deposited from the tip, allowing the writing to be registered to existing features on the surface. We demonstrate direct-write circuit repair by writing an electrical connection between two metal electrodes separated by a submicron gap.
CABA-V7: a prospective biomarker selected trial of cabazitaxel treatment in AR-V7 positive prostate cancer patients (2022)

AR-V7 positivity predicted poor overall survival (OS). However, cabazitaxel-treated AR-V7 positive patients and those lacking AR-V7 positivity, who received cabazitaxel as standard of care, appeared to have similar OS. Therefore, despite the low response rate, cabazitaxel may still be an effective treatment in this poor prognosis, AR-V7 positive patient population.
The specificity of Sushi peptides for endotoxin and anionic phospholipids: potential application of POPG as an adjuvant for anti-LPS strategies (2006)

Sushi peptides [S1 (Sushi 1 peptide) and S3] are derived from the LPS (lipopolysaccharide; also known as endotoxin)-binding domains of an LPS-sensitive serine protease, Factor C, from the horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda). S1 and S3 interact at high affinity with LPS. The intermolecular disulphide bonding in the S3 dimer is indispensable for its LPS binding, disruption and consequent neutralization. Simultaneously, the specific interaction between the Sushi peptides and bacterial membrane phospholipids further explains the selective propensity of these peptides for the Gram-negative bacteria. Our findings yield insights into a complex molecular paradigm in which the juxtaposition of LPS molecules and the anionic phospholipid POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol) on the bacterial outer membrane confers such interfacial properties which create the optimal environment for the interaction between the peptides and bacterial membrane lipids.
Partial-response decoding of rate 1/2 modulation codes for digital storage (1991)

In digital storage systems, receivers for rate 1/2 modulation codes are usually oversampled by a factor of two with respect to the data stream that they attempt to reconstruct. It is shown that oversampling may be avoided by using partial-response techniques to detect, instead of the encoded binary signal, a decimated ternary one, from which the original data can be recovered by means of a simple decoder. A method is described to find all such decoders for a given rate 1/2 code. Examples treated are FM, MFM, Miller-squared,
Policy based on-demand bandwidth provisioning and assurance in DiffServ enabled MPLS networks (2006)

Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture provides an attractive solution for IP traffic engineering to meet service quality and reliability. MPLS enables traffic engineering with protection/restoration while diffServ enables class-based service differentiation. However, MPLS and DiffServ capabilities alone are not adequate to meet the needs of on-demand network resource requirements of multi-media applications. For example, DiffServ cannot prevent flows within a class affecting each other's Quality of Service (QoS). To overcome the limitations of MPLS based DiffServ networks, we propose a policy-driven bandwidth provisioning and assurance system that operates responding to user requests and network conditions. It admits traffic into the network only if it can allocate the requested bandwidth, degrading, if necessary, lower priority traffic to best effort service; assignment of flows to LSP is based on traffic engineering policies; it restores failed flows by dynamic re-assignment of flows to LSPs, creating new LSPs if necessary; it supports adjustments in the degree of multiplexing (i.e., overbooking) for flows in individual DiffServ classes.
Gold Nanoparticle-Based Terahertz Metamaterial Sensors: Mechanisms and Applications (2016)

Terahertz (THz) waves, especially those assisted by THz metamaterials, have great potential for detecting trace amounts of sensing targets. Some nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also show promising characteristics; however, their application in this context is hindered by a lack of plasmonic activity in the THz region. This study is the first to introduce AuNPs into THz metamaterial applications as a new tool for improving the sensitivity of protein detection. We demonstrate the mechanism of THz metamaterial detection through sensing different targets by using metamaterials with distinct resonance peaks. Furthermore, we used an AuNP-based THz metamaterial sensing method to detect avidin. The limit of detection of conjugated avidin-AuNPs reached 7.8 fmol, presenting greater than a 1000-fold sensitivity improvement compared with that of avidin alone. Our present work illustrates the feasibility of AuNP-based protein sensing, which may lay a foundation for the development of numerous metallic nanoparticle-based THz metamaterial biosensors.
Iterative compensated MMSE channel estimation in LTE systems (2012)

In this paper, an iterative channel estimation algorithm is considered in LTE systems. In order to take advantage of “null” sub-carriers (guard band) in LTE systems and make the algorithm simpler, an iterative compensated MMSE (IC-MMSE) channel estimation algorithm is proposed in frequency domain. Together with a simple “linear interpolation” in time domain, channel estimates are obtained in an iterative way with lower complexity. Theoretical analysis shows that the compensation process does not affect the accuracy of iterative MMSE channel estimation. Simulation results confirm that the proposed channel estimation has very robust performance and approaches the best achievable performance.
Quasi-Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplification Simultaneously Enables High Peak Power and High Average Power (2019)

Ultrafast lasers with both high peak-power and high average-power will open new avenues for many applications. While conventional technologies of Ti:sapphire laser amplification and optical parametric amplification can achieve several tens of watts of average-power, scaling to a higher average-power is challenging due to thermal limitations. Here, we demonstrate that the quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification (QPCPA) can break this average-power barrier. QPCPA is proven robust against the thermal dephasing by obstructing the back-conversion effect. Numerical simulations show that QPCPA based on a Sm:YCOB crystal can support peak powers of 3 TW at 5 kHz and 13.5 PW at 1 Hz, with average powers exceeding 150 W in both cases. We also discuss the prospects of QPCPA with the recently proposed configuration of temperature-insensitive phase matching, which is promising to simultaneously achieve higher peak-power and higher average-power.
Long-term blood pressure prediction with deep recurrent neural networks (2018)

Existing methods for arterial blood pressure (BP) estimation directly map the input physiological signals to output BP values without explicitly modeling the underlying temporal dependencies in BP dynamics. As a result, these models suffer from accuracy decay over a long time and thus require frequent calibration. In this work, we address this issue by formulating BP estimation as a sequence prediction problem in which both the input and target are temporal sequences. We propose a novel deep recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of multilayered Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which are incorporated with (1) a bidirectional structure to access larger-scale context information of input sequence, and (2) residual connections to allow gradients in deep RNN to propagate more effectively. The proposed deep RNN model was tested on a static BP dataset, and it achieved root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.90 and 2.66 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) prediction respectively, surpassing the accuracy of traditional BP prediction models. On a multi-day BP dataset, the deep RNN achieved RMSE of 3.84, 5.25, 5.80 and 5.81 mmHg for the 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day and 6th month after the 1st day SBP prediction, and 1.80, 4.78, 5.0, 5.21 mmHg for corresponding DBP prediction, respectively, which outperforms all previous models with notable improvement. The experimental results suggest that modeling the temporal dependencies in BP dynamics significantly improves the long-term BP prediction accuracy.
Dynamic routing of bandwidth guaranteed tunnels with restoration (2002)

This paper presents new algorithms for dynamic routing of restorable bandwidth-guaranteed paths. A straightforward solution for the restoration problem is to find two disjoint paths. However, this results in excessive resource usage for backup paths and does not satisfy the implicit service provider requirement of optimizing network resource utilization so as to increase the number of potential future demands that can be routed. We give an integer programming formulation for this problem which is new. Complete path routing knowledge is a reasonable assumption for a centralized routing algorithm. However, it requires maintenance of non-aggregated or per-path information which is not often desirable particularly when distributed routing is preferred. We show that a partial information scenario which uses only aggregated and not per-path information provides sufficient information for a suitably developed algorithm to be able to perform almost as well as the complete information scenario. In this partial information scenario the routing algorithm only knows what fraction of each link's bandwidth, is currently used by active paths, and is currently used by backup paths. Obtaining this information is feasible using proposed traffic engineering extensions to routing protocols. We formulate the dynamic restorable bandwidth routing problem in this partial information scenario and develop efficient routing algorithms. We compare there routing performance of this algorithm to a bound obtained using complete information. Our partial information-based algorithm performs very well and its performance in terms of the number of rejected requests is very close to the full information bound.
Efficient generation of human alloantigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells from naive precursors by CD40-activated B cells (2008)

CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance. Although adoptive transfer of bulk populations of Treg can prevent or treat T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases and transplant allograft rejection in animal models, optimal Treg immunotherapy in humans would ideally use antigen-specific rather than polyclonal Treg for greater specificity of regulation and avoidance of general suppression. However, no robust approaches have been reported for the generation of human antigen-specific Treg at a practical scale for clinical use. Here, we report a simple and cost-effective novel method to rapidly induce and expand large numbers of functional human alloantigen-specific Treg from antigenically naive precursors in vitro using allogeneic nontransformed B cells as stimulators. By this approach naive CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells could be expanded 8-fold into alloantigen-specific Treg after 3 weeks of culture without any exogenous cytokines. The induced alloantigen-specific Treg were CD45RO(+)CCR7(-) memory cells, and had a CD4(high), CD25(+), Foxp3(+), and CD62L (L-selectin)(+) phenotype. Although these CD4(high)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) alloantigen-specific Treg had no cytotoxic capacity, their suppressive function was cell-cell contact dependent and partially relied on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 expression. This approach may accelerate the clinical application of Treg-based immunotherapy in transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
Nonredundant Representation of Ancestral Recombinations Graphs (2012)

The network structure that captures the common evolutionary history of a diploid population has been termed an ancestral recombinations graph. When the structure is a tree the number of internal nodes is usually [Formula: see text] where K is the number of samples. However, when the structure is not a tree, this number has been observed to be very large. We explore the possible redundancies in this structure. This has implications both in simulations and in reconstructability studies.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTITRICHOMONAL ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN PYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIMIDINES (1975)

Abstract 3‐Aminopyrazol (I) wird mit den Estern (IIa) und (IIb) zu den Pyrazolo‐pyrimidinen (IIIa) und (IIIb) kondensiert, die in Gegenwart von Base mit Äthyljodid zu (IVa)‐(IVc) substituiert und dann zu (V) nitriert werden.