gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of autonomic neurotransmitters on excitable gap composition in canine atrial flutter (2001)

Atrial arrhythmias are believed to be influenced by autonomic nervous system tone. We evaluated the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation on atrial flutter (AF1) by determining the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) on the composition of the excitable gap. A model of reentry around the tricuspid valve was produced in 17 chloralose anesthetized dogs using a Y-shaped lesion in the intercaval area that extended to the right atrial appendage. Excitable gap characteristics were determined during AF1 by scanning diastole with a single premature extrastimulus at progressively shorter coupling intervals to define the reset-response curve. Measurements were made during a constant infusion of NE (15 microg/min) into the right coronary artery and repeated during ACh infusion (2 microg/min) following a 15 min recovery period. The excitable gap (27 +/- 1 ms) was significantly (P < 0.001) increased by NE (34 +/- 1 ms) and ACh (50 +/- 2 ms). The fully excitable portion (7 +/- 1 ms) was also significantly (P < 0.001) increased by NE (17 +/- 1 ms) and ACh (43 +/- 2 ms). We conclude that both neurotransmitters increase the safety margin of full excitability ahead of the wavefront, demonstrating that parasympathetic and sympathetic activation can facilitate the persistence of this refractory atrial arrhythmia.
Subsessions: a granular approach to click path analysis (2003)

Electronic, web-based commerce enables and demands the application of intelligent methods to analyze information collected from consumer web sessions. We propose a method of increasing the granularity of the user session analysis by isolating useful subsessions within web page access sessions, where each subsession represents a frequently traversed path indicating high-level user activity. The subsession approximates user state information as well as anticipated user activity, and as a result is useful for personalization and pre-caching.
A fully statistical framework for shape detection in image primitives (2010)

We present a fully statistical framework for detecting pre-determined shape classes in 2D clouds of primitives (points, edges, and arcs), which are in turn extracted from images. An important goal is to provide a likelihood, and thus a confidence, of finding a shape class in a given data. This requires a model-based approach. We use a composite Poisson process: 1D Poisson process for primitives belonging to shapes and a 2D Poisson process for primitives belonging to clutter. An additive Gaussian model is assumed for noise in shape primitives. Combining these with a past stochastic model on shapes of continuous 2D contours, and optimization over unknown pose and scale, we develop a generalized likelihood ratio test for shape detection. We demonstrate the efficiency of this method and its robustness to clutter using both simulated and real data.
Disease phenotype similarity improves the prediction of novel disease-associated microRNAs (2015)

Many studies have shown roles of miRNAs (microRNAs) on human disease and a number of computational methods have been proposed to predict such associations by ranking candidate microRNAs according to their relevance to a disease. Among them, network-based methods are becoming dominant since they well exploit the “disease module” principle in miRNA functional similarity networks. Of which, Random Walk with Restart (RWR) algorithm-based method on a miRNA functional similarity network, namely RWRMDA, is state-of-the-art one. The use of this algorithm was inspired from its success in predicting disease gene because “disease module” principle also exists in protein interaction networks. Besides, many other algorithms were also designed for prediction of disease genes. However, they have not yet been utilized for disease microRNA prediction. In this study, we proposed a method, namely RWRHMDA, for prediction of disease-associated miRNAs. This method was based on RWRH algorithm, which was successfully proposed for disease gene prediction on a heterogeneous network of genes and disease phenotypes. In particular, we used this algorithm to rank disease candidate miRNAs on a heterogeneous network of phenotypes and miRNAs, which was constructed by integrating a shared target gene-based microRNA functional similarity network and a disease phenotype similarity network. Comparing the prediction performance of RWRHMDA with that of RWRMDA on a set of 35 disease phenotypes, we found that RWRHMDA significantly outperformed RWRMDA irrespective of parameter settings since it better exploited “disease module” principle. In addition, using RWRHMDA method, we identified eight novel Alzheimer's disease-associated miRNAs.
Nanowire-quantum-dot solar cells and the influence of nanowire length on the charge collection efficiency (2009)

External quantum efficiency in solar cells based on junctions between PbSe quantum dots (QDs) and thin ZnO films is increased by replacing the ZnO films with a vertically oriented array of single-crystalline ZnO nanowires, and infiltrating this array with colloidal QDs. When illuminated with 100 mW/cm2 of simulated solar light, QD-nanowire solar cells exhibited power conversion efficiencies approaching 2%, approximately three times higher than that achieved with thin-film ZnO devices constructed with the same amount of QDs. Significant photocurrent and power conversion improvement with increasing nanowire length is consistent with higher exciton and charge collection efficiencies.
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Raw Material for Cocoa Bean Fermentation in the Brazilian Amazon (2022)

The prevalent microbiota during cocoa fermentation is one of the main factors responsible for the chemical and biochemical changes that lead to desirable chocolate characteristics. However, the microbiota can be affected by several factors, including the edaphoclimatic conditions, which are typical of the production region. The objective of this study was to identify LAB in Amazonian cocoa prior to fermentation. LAB were isolated using MRS agar. By sequencing the 16S region of isolated LAB in MRS agar, it was possible to identify five LAB species that were registered in the GenBank database (accessions from MT117900 to MT117915). They included Pediococcus acidilactici, which was the most prevalent, followed by Lactobacillus farraginis, L. parafarraginis, L. zeae, and L. casei. Studies are needed to ascertain their specific roles and impact on cocoa quality. It is likely that they can be available as starter cultures to enhance the quality characteristics of chocolate.
Robust control of manipulatorsusing the computed torque plus H <sub>∞</sub> compensation method (1996)

A new robust control scheme called the computed torque plus H∞ compensation method is developed to control a robotic manipulator with payload and actuator uncertainties. The method linearises and decouples the nonlinear and coupled dynamic equations of a manipulator by the computed torque approach. Then the remaining uncertainty is compensated by the H∞ control technique. In the H∞ control synthesis process the technique of internal weight is applied to select the proper weights. Simulation results indicate that the computed torque plus H∞ compensation method indeed exhibits better tracking performance than computed torque alone.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Phosphates, Phosphonates, Phosphinates, and Arsonates of the Group 13 Elements (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Food quality and authenticity screening via easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (2016)

This review is the first to summarize a decade of studies testing the use of easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI-MS) and its several sister techniques, Venturi (V-EASI), thermal imprinting (TI-EASI) and Spartan (S-EASI) mass spectrometry in food quality control and authentication. Since minimal or no sample preparation is required, such ambient desorption/ionization techniques have been shown to provide direct, fast and selective fingerprinting characterization at the molecular level based on the pools of the most typical components. They have also been found to be applicable on intact, undisturbed samples or on simple solvent extracts. Fundamentals of EASI-MS and its sister techniques, including mechanisms, devices, parameters and strategies, as well as the many applications reported for food analysis, are summarized and discussed.
Nanoparticle‐based Indicator‐Displacement Assay for Pyrophosphate (2011)

Silica nanoparticles functionalized with a Zn(II) -dipicolylamine derivative are used as the receptor component of a sensing ensemble for an indicator-displacement assay. The nano-ensemble system, constructed with pyrocatechol violet as an indicator, selectively senses pyrophosphate over other anions including hydrogen phosphate, thus showing a visible blue-to-yellow color change and the corresponding absorption spectral changes in a buffer solution of pH 7. A distinct recognition behavior--the nano-ensemble does not sense hydrogen phosphate that was sensed by the traditional ensemble with the same molecular receptor--is explained by an incomplete-displacement model in the case of the integrated receptor system. The present work demonstrates that the nanoparticle-based competition assay is as effective as the traditional approach with molecular receptors. Furthermore, such an integrated receptor system can provide distinct recognition behavior from its molecular receptor.
Excited-state lifetime of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> infrared transition in diamond (2018)

The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) defect in diamond serves as a popular platform for manipulating and exploiting long-lived coherent spin dynamics at room temperature combined with optical readout. The required spin polarization of the spin triplet $^{3}A_{2}$ electronic ground state occurs through a cycle of repetitious optical photoexcitation events to the $^{3}E$ electronic excited state that is accompanied by a series of electronic transitions to a $^{1}A_{1}$ and a $^{1}E$ electronic state, and back to the $^{3}A_{2}$ state. The timescales of these transitions are largely known, yet for the relaxation time of the $^{1}A_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}E$ infrared transition, which predominantly occurs via nonradiative recombination, only an upper limit of 1 ns could be determined so far. Here, we employ ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to probe the dynamics of the nonradiative relaxation from the $^{1}A_{1}$ to the $^{1}E$ state after photoexcitation of the $^{3}E$ state and find a relaxation time of 100 ps at a temperature of 78 K.
Fluorescence microscopy of DES‐induced morphologic transformation in unfixed, cultured cells (1989)

Cultured baby Syrian hamster kidney cells (BHK 21), synchronized with hydroxyurea (HU), were treated with varying amounts of the carcinogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) during the first mitosis. DES-induced morphologic transformation was assessed by fluorescence microscopy of acridine orange, supravitally stained cells. Traditional karyotyping techniques were used to monitor DES-induced aneuploidy in parallel cell cultures. A total of 618 photomicrographs were obtained by systematic manual scanning of three replicate experiments each using three different DES treatment levels and a no DES control. These photomicrographs were randomized and graded blind by three independent observers. Each photomicrograph was graded for cellular morphologic transformation and a judgement as to whether DES treatment had been used. A definite dose-response relationship for both morphologic transformation, as well as for aneuploidy was observed. These findings portend a significance for use of fluorescence microscopy of morphologic transformation of unfixed supravitally stained mammalian cells, for the rapid assessment (24 h or less) of compounds that promote aneuploidization and carcinogenesis.
The β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Metipranolol Blunts Zinc-Induced Photoreceptor and RPE Apoptosis (2006)

The combined data suggest that oxidative injury to RPE cells and photoreceptors may be caused by elevated levels of zinc in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and that metipranolol may act as an efficacious antioxidant to blunt this process.
Learning Dynamics and the Memory Effect (1998)

This paper studies the relationships between determinacy and stability under recursive learning of rational expectations equilibria. The analysis is carried out within a non-stochastic linear temporary general equilibrium framework with predetermined variables (or memory). Determinacy of the unique stationary rational expectations equilibrium is shown to be a benchmark for stability under learning of linear non-stationary rational expectations equilibria. This property proceeds through a continuity argument that emphasizes the effect of the memory. It also provides a better understanding of some intricate dynamic features.
Roles of NF-κB in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases and Their Therapeutic Approaches (2016)

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, inflammation, cell growth and survival, and development. NF-κB is critical for human health, and aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to development of various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis and malignant tumors. Thus, inhibiting NF-κB signaling has potential therapeutic applications in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Effects of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites on Intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> Synthesis and Cell Death in Human Primary Astrocytes and Neurons (2009)

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a major route of L-tryptophan catabolism resulting in the production of the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, (NAD(+)). Up-regulation of the KP during inflammation leads to the release of a number of biologically active metabolites into the brain. We hypothesised that while some of the extracellular KP metabolites may be beneficial for intracellular NAD(+) synthesis and cell survival at physiological concentrations, they may contribute to neuronal and astroglial dysfunction and cell death at pathophysiological concentrations. In this study, we found that treatment of human primary neurons and astrocytes with 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QUIN), and picolinic acid (PIC) at concentrations below 100 nM significantly increased intracellular NAD(+) levels compared to non-treated cells. However, a dose dependent decrease in intracellular NAD(+) levels and increased extracellular LDH activity was observed in human astrocytes and neurons treated with 3-HAA, 3-HK, QUIN and PIC at concentrations >100 nM and kynurenine (KYN), at concentrations above 1 μM. Intracellular NAD(+) levels were unchanged in the presence of the neuroprotectant, kynurenic acid (KYNA), and a dose dependent increase in intracellular NAD(+) levels was observed for TRP up to 1 mM. While anthranilic acid (AA) increased intracellular NAD(+) levels at concentration below 10 μM in astrocytes. NAD(+) depletion and cell death was observed in AA treated neurons at concentrations above 500 nM. Therefore, the differing responses of astrocytes and neurons to an increase in KP metabolites should be considered when assessing KP toxicity during neuroinflammation.
A SPICE macromodel for an adjustable positive voltage regulator (2002)

A macromodel has been developed for the LM117 adjustable positive voltage regulator. This model predicts AC, DC, transient, and power-up responses. Design formulas for finding the component values of the macromodel which are based on pin measurements are presented. The methodology of development is presented along with experimental and simulated results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving the Management of Bladder Cancer with Fluorescence Cystoscopy (2007)

Endoscopic visualization (cystoscopy) and transurethral resection are effective, well-tolerated diagnostic and treatment techniques for bladder cancer. However, it is widely recognized that cystoscopy can miss biologically important lesions, such as carcinoma in situ. Attempts to improve the effectiveness of cystoscopy are not new, but initial methods were impractical and had limited efficacy. Fluorescence cystoscopy became feasible with the discovery that intravesical administration of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) made bladder cancers fluoresce when exposed to blue light. More recently, the creation of a hexyl ester of ALA (HAL) made this technique practical, because HAL significantly shortens the amount of time needed for drug exposure prior to cystoscopy. Not surprisingly, studies have shown that fluorescence cystoscopy can reveal carcinoma in situ that is visually occult under conventional (white-light) cystoscopy. An unexpected finding was that fluorescence cystoscopy also enhanced the detection of papillary tumors. Studies with ALA have shown that resection of bladder cancer with fluorescence results in improved disease-free survival compared to conventional resection under white light. This report summarizes some of the recent studies of fluorescence cystoscopy in bladder cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Methylene β‐Lactams Through Lipase‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Treatment outcome for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) obtained by the Polish Children's Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group]. (1998)

Fourty children with MDS treated in seven centres of The Polish Children's Leukemia Lymphoma Study Group in period 1975-1998y were included to the study. In 16 children RAEB-T, in 2 CMML in 10 RA and in 12 RAEB were diagnosed. Our and literature data showed that BMT is the best therapy for children with MDS. For children, who don't have a donor for BMT. Roacutan therapy seems to be the most effective.
Mechanical Properties of Monolayer Graphene Oxide (2010)

Mechanical properties of ultrathin membranes consisting of one layer, two overlapped layers, and three overlapped layers of graphene oxide platelets were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging in contact mode. In order to evaluate both the elastic modulus and prestress of thin membranes, the AFM measurement was combined with the finite element method (FEM) in a new approach for evaluating the mechanics of ultrathin membranes. Monolayer graphene oxide was found to have a lower effective Young's modulus (207.6 ± 23.4 GPa when a thickness of 0.7 nm is used) as compared to the value reported for "pristine" graphene. The prestress (39.7-76.8 MPa) of the graphene oxide membranes obtained by solution-based deposition was found to be 1 order of magnitude lower than that obtained by others for mechanically cleaved graphene. The novel AFM imaging and FEM-based mapping methods presented here are of general utility for obtaining the elastic modulus and prestress of thin membranes.
The mechanism of vascular leakage induced by leukotriene E4. Endothelial contraction. (1987)

This study identifies the microvascular target of leukotriene E4 (LTE4) by vascular labeling with carbon black and establishes the mechanism of its action at the cellular level by electron microscopy. LTE4 and its tripeptide precursor, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were injected subcutaneously in guinea pigs. With LTE4, venular labeling was intense at 1000 and 100 ng and slight at 10 ng, with extinction at 1 ng. LTC4 induced a ring of labeled venules around a blank central area, suggestive of vasospasm. The nonpeptidyl leukotriene LTB4 induced no labeling. Histamine (1000 ng) induced an area of vascular labeling about equal to that by 1000 ng LTE4, but the labeling of individual venules was more intense. By electron microscopy, LTE4 was found to induce gaps in the endothelium of the venules; the endothelial cells adjacent to the gaps bulged into the lumen and showed wrinkled nuclei, consistent with cellular contraction. This ultrastructural evidence suggests that LTE4 increases vascular permeability by contraction of endothelial cells selectively, in the postcapillary venules, as was previously demonstrated for other inflammatory mediators, including histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin.
Protective immunity in fish against protozoan diseases. (2007)

The demand for and costs of producing land-based animal protein continues to escalate as the world population increases. Fish is an excellent protein, but the catch-fishery is stagnant or in decline. Intensive cage culture of fish is a viable option especially in countries with lakes/rivers and/or a long coastline; however, disease outbreaks will likely occur more frequently with cage culture. Hence protective strategies are needed, and one approach is to exploit the piscine immune system. This discussion highlights immunity (innate/natural and adaptive/acquired) in fish against three pathogenic protozoa (Amyloodinium ocellatum, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptobia salmositica). Histone-like proteins in the mucus and skin of naturally resistant fish kill trophonts of A. ocellatum, and also may cause abnormal development of tomonts. Breeding of Cryptobia-resistant brook charrs is possible as resistance is controlled by a dominant Mendelian locus, and the parasite is lysed via the Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation. Production of transgenic Cryptobia-tolerant salmon is an option. Recovered fish are protected from the three diseases (acquired immunity). Live I. multifiliis theronts injected intraperitoneally into fish elicit protection. Also, a recombinant immoblizing-antigen vaccine against ichthyophthirosis has been developed but further evaluations are necessary. The live Cryptobia vaccine protects salmonids from infections while the DNA-vaccine stimulates production of antibodies to neutralize the disease causing factor (metalloprotease) in cryptobiosis; hence infected fish recover more rapidly.
Corrosion performance of magnesium alloys MEZ and AZ91 (2000)

The corrosion performance of sand cast MEZS, zirconium-grain-refined MEZR, sand cast AZ91S, and high pressure diecast AZ91D magnesium alloys were evaluated by means of salt spray testing, optical metallography, hydrogen evolution, polarisation curve measurement and AC impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the four alloys can be ranked in decreasing order as AZ91D > AZ91S ≈ MEZR > MEZS and that the intergranular phases and chemical composition of the matrix phase have a significant influence on the corrosion performance. Alloys with a finer grain size and higher aluminum or zirconium contents exhibit better corrosion resistance.