gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Src inhibitors act through different mechanisms in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer models depending on EGFR and RAS mutational status (2015)

Resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib, often related to Ras or secondary EGFR mutations, is a relevant clinical issue in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Although Src TK has been involved in such resistance, clinical development of its inhibitors has been so far limited. To better define the molecular targets of the Src TKIs saracatinib, dasatinib and bosutinib, we used a variety of in vitro/in vivo studies. Kinase assays supported by docking analysis demonstrated that all the compounds directly inhibit EGFR TK variants. However, in live cells only saracatinib efficiently reduced EGFR activation, while dasatinib was the most effective agent in inhibiting Src TK. Consistently, a pronounced anti-proliferative effect was achieved with saracatinib, in EGFR mutant cells, or with dasatinib, in wt EGFR/Ras mutant cells, poorly dependent on EGFR and erlotinib-resistant. We then identified the most effective drug combinations to overcome resistance to EGFR inhibitors, both in vitro and in nude mice: in T790M EGFR erlotinib-resistant cells, saracatinib with the anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab; in Ras mutant erlotinib-resistant models, dasatinib with the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. Src inhibitors may act with different mechanisms in NSCLCs, depending on EGFR/Ras mutational profile, and may be integrated with EGFR or MEK inhibitors for different cohorts of NSCLCs.
Partially Averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) Method for Turbulence Simulations—Flow Past a Square Cylinder (2010)

The partially averaged Navier–Stokes (PANS) approach is a bridging closure model intended for any level of resolution between the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method and direct numerical simulations. In this paper, the proposed closure model is validated in the flow past a square cylinder. The desired ratio of the modeled-to-resolved scales in the PANS closure is achieved by appropriately specifying two bridging parameters: the ratios of unresolved-to-total kinetic energy (fk) dissipation (fε). PANS calculations of different bridging parameter values are performed and the results are compared with experimental data and large-eddy simulations. The Strouhal number(St), mean/root-mean-square (RMS) drag coefficient (CD), RMS lift coefficient (CL), mean velocity profiles, and various turbulent stresses are investigated. The results gradually improve from the RANS level of accuracy to a close agreement with the experimental results with decreasing value of the bridging parameter fk. Overall, the results indicate that the PANS method clearly satisfies the basic tenets of a bridging model: (i) provides a meaningful turbulence closure at any modeled-to-resolved scale ratio and (ii) yields improved accuracy with increasing resolution (decreasing modeled-to-resolved ratio).
PathScale InfiniPath: A First Look (2006)

Clusters are now a dominant model for high-capacity, scalable computing based on a commodity cost structure. This paper describes the first generation PathScale/spl trade/ InfiniPath/spl trade/ adapter - a single chip ASIC directly connecting HyperTransport/spl trade/ attached processors, such as the AMD Opteron/spl trade/, to the InfiniBand/spl trade/ network fabric. In addition to providing ultra-low communications latency, the PathScale InfiniPath adapter achieves high bandwidth from very small to large message sizes. Its performance also scales on multi-core processor nodes. Use of the InfiniBand switching fabric permits high bandwidth to be realized at a commodity fabric price point.
Fast Warehouse Management System (WMS) using RFID based goods locator system (2017)

In rapidly growing e-commerce businesses, searching purchased items in the warehouse and delivering them within a very short time becomes a crucial problem. In order to solve this problem, we propose a complete RFID based goods locator system which consists of specially designed RFID reader and an integrated cloud based Warehouse Management System (WMS). The RFID reader is able to detect and sense the distance to the location of the purchased item which is attached with a RFID tag based on its RSSI information. The RFID reader is connected with the WMS application installed in a smartphone, through a Bluetooth connection. To update the inventory item information in real time, the Android based WMS application is connected to cloud based logistic and commerce database. Hence, by using this system, the time needed to search the purchased item and track the item delivery status can be shortened. As the result, it increases the efficiency of WMS system.
Exfoliated Graphite Reinforced PMMA Composite: A Study on Nanoindentation and Scratch Behavior (2012)

The present work aims to compare the scratch hardness (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) with the indentation hardness (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mtext>IT</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>) obtained from nanoindentation measurements of exfoliated graphite/poly (methyl methacrylate) (EG/PMMA) composites. EG/PMMA composites with thickness 50 μm each were produced by in situ melt mixing method. Scratch hardness was measured from the scratch width formed at low applied load during the course of the scratch measurements. The measured scratch hardness values were compared with the indentation hardness. There is a good correlation between the scratch hardness and the indentation hardness at low indentation depths, with a linear relationship between hardness and the reinforcement content of exfoliated graphite.
Transmucosal impedance of small intestine: correlation with transport of sugars and amino acids (1992)

Transmucosal impedances of isolated perfused segments of jejunum from mice and hamsters were measured at frequencies from 10-100,000 Hz in the presence and absence of sugars and amino acids. Na-coupled transport of organic substrates caused large decreases of transmucosal impedance, reflecting contraction of cytoskeletal proteins controlling permeability of tight junctions, functional surface of basolateral membranes, and width of extracellular pathways. The observed changes of impedance were closely correlated with molar rates of Na-coupled active transport rather than with molecular species. Thus amino acids and sugars having the same molar rates of active transport also have the same effects on transmucosal impedance. It is proposed that a nonspecific increase of intracellular osmotic pressure during active transport is the first step initiating cytoskeletal contraction. Cell volume regulatory responses, including increased basolateral K+ conductance and Ca2+ influx, may be subsequent steps leading to contraction of perijunctional actomyosin, formation of junctional dilatations, and exposure of lateral membranes. Enhancement of oxygen capacity of perfusion fluids (e.g., with fluorocarbon emulsion) is required to maintain viability of isolated intestinal epithelium; in plain oxygenated Ringer-HCO3 solution, the transmucosal impedance is abnormally low and cytoskeletal contractile responses to Na-coupled transport are attenuated. An electrical circuit analog is presented that simulates almost exactly the observed transmucosal impedances and provides quantitative evaluation of the effects of Na-coupled transport of sugars and amino acids on resistances of tight junctions, capacitance of basolateral membranes, and postjunctional resistances of lateral intercellular spaces and villus cores.
Encapsulant Material Requirements for Photovoltaic Modules (1983)

Encapsulants are necessary for electrical isolation of the photovoltaic circuit. They also provide mechanical protection for the solar cell wafers and corrosion protection for the metal contacts and circuit interconnect system over the 20-year design life of a photovoltaic array. The required components include the solar cell circuit, the rigid or structural member, the pottant, and the outer cover/insulator. Surface modifications may be needed to develop strong, stable bonds at the interfaces in the composite. If the module is to be framed, edge sealants may also be required. The functions of the individual components and the performance requirements as they are now known are described. Costs are compared where possible and candidate materials identified.
Verapamil Restoration of Daunorubicin Responsiveness in Daunorubicin-resistant Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (1982)

We have studied the influence of verapamil hydrochloride on the in vitro and in vivo effects of daunorubicin in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Daunorubicin-sensitive tumor was rendered resistant to daunorubicin by the continuous treatment of sequential generations of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. The ability of daunorubicin to inhibit [(3)H]uridine and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and the effect of daunorubicin on the mean survival time of host animals bearing daunorubicin-sensitive and daunorubicin-resistant Ehrlich ascites carcinoma were compared. The addition of verapamil to daunorubicin in vitro reduced the concentration of daunorubicin required to inhibit 50% of DNA and RNA synthesis in the daunorubicin-resistant tumor to that required in the daunorubicin-sensitive tumor, from 6 and 4.4 mug/ml to 1.5 and 1.3 mug/ml, respectively. Verapamil also restored drug sensitivity to daunorubicin-resistant Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. The 21.7+/-0.7 d mean survival time (MST) of BALB/c mice bearing daunorubicin-resistant tumor treated with daunorubicin alone rose to 44.0+/-0.7 d when the same tumor was treated with verapamil and daunorubicin, P < 0.001. This in vivo effect is specific for daunorubicin-resistant Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, since there is no alteration in MST of BALB/c mice bearing daunorubicin-sensitive or daunorubicin-resistant tumor when they are treated with verapamil alone or when BALB/c mice bearing daunorubicin-sensitive tumor are treated with daunorubicin and verapamil.
The Propagation of Avian Viruses in a Continuous Cell Line (QT35) of Japanese Quail Origin (1988)

Seven of nine avian virus families tested (Birnaviridae, Coronaviridae, Herpesviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae, and Retroviridae) were found to replicate in a quail fibroblast cell line, designated QT35, resulting in a cytopathic effect (CPE) visible with the naked eye or by low-power microscopy. In comparison, only one (Paramyxoviridae) of seven mammalian virus families tested produced an observable CPE. Cytopathic changes induced by examined viruses were round cell, syncytial, and focus formation. Trypsin did not promote cytopathic changes by selected CPE-negative avian and mammalian viruses in QT35 cells. Several avian viruses (infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, Canary pox virus, and reovirus) formed plaques under agar. Avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus produced similar titers in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) and QT35 cell cultures. Chicken-egg-yolk neutralizing-antibody titers to IBDV were comparable in CEF and QT35 cell-culture systems.
Anomalous scaling of low-order structure functions of turbulent velocity (2005)

It is now believed that the scaling exponents of moments of velocity increments are anomalous, or that the departures from Kolmogorov's (1941) self-similar scaling increase nonlinearly with the increasing order of the moment. This appears to be true whether one considers velocity increments themselves or their absolute values. However, moments of order lower than 2 of the absolute values of velocity increments have not been investigated thoroughly for anomaly. Here, we discuss the importance of the scaling of non-integer moments of order between +2 and $-1$ , and obtain them from direct numerical simulations at moderate Taylor microscale Reynolds numbers $R_\lambda\le$ 450, and experimental data at high Reynolds numbers $(R_\lambda \approx 10\,000)$ . The relative difference between the measured exponents and Kolmogorov's prediction increases as the moment order decreases towards $-1$ , thus showing that the anomaly is manifested in low-order moments as well.
Probing the orientation of electrostatically immobilized cytochrome C by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and sum frequency generation spectroscopy (2013)

By taking advantage of the electron pathway through the heme group in cytochrome c (CytoC) electrochemists have built sensors based upon CytoC immobilized onto metal electrodes. Previous studies have shown that the electron transfer rate through the protein is a function of the position of this heme group with respect to the electrode surface. In this study a detailed examination of CytoC orientation when electrostatically immobilized onto both amine (NH3(+)) and carboxyl (COO(-)) functionalized gold is presented. Protein coverage, on both surfaces, was monitored by the change in the atomic % N, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectral features within the in situ sum frequency generation vibrational spectra, acquired for the protein interacting with positively and negatively charged surfaces, indicates that these electrostatic interactions do induce the protein into a well ordered film. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data demonstrated a clear separation between the two samples based on the intensity differences of secondary ions stemming from amino acids located asymmetrically within CytoC (cysteine: C2H6NS(+); glutamic acid: C4H6NO(+) and C4H8NO2 (+); leucine: C5H12N(+)). For a more quantitative examination of orientation, we developed a ratio comparing the sum of the intensities of secondary-ions stemming from the amino acid residues at either end of the protein. The 50 % increase in this ratio, observed between the protein covered NH3 (+) and COO(-) substrates, indicates opposite orientations of the CytoC on the two different surfaces.
DeACT: Architecture-Aware Virtual Memory Support for Fabric Attached Memory Systems (2021)

The exponential growth of data has driven technology providers to develop new protocols, such as cache coherent interconnects and memory semantic fabrics, to help users and facilities leverage advances in memory technologies to satisfy these growing memory and storage demands. Using these new protocols, fabric-attached memories (FAM) can be directly attached to a system interconnect and be easily integrated with a variety of processing elements (PEs). Moreover, systems that support FAM can be smoothly upgraded and allow multiple PEs to share the FAM memory pools using well-defined protocols. The sharing of FAM between PEs allows efficient data sharing, improves memory utilization, reduces cost by allowing flexible integration of different PEs and memory modules from several vendors, and makes it easier to upgrade the system. One promising use-case for FAMs is in High-Performance Compute (HPC) systems, where the underutilization of memory is a major challenge. However, adopting FAMs in HPC systems brings new challenges. In addition to cost, flexibility, and efficiency, one particular problem that requires rethinking is virtual memory support for security and performance. To address these challenges, this paper presents decoupled access control and address translation (DeACT), a novel virtual memory implementation that supports HPC systems equipped with FAM. Compared to the state-of-the-art two-level translation approach, DeACT achieves speedup of up to 4.59× (1.8× on average) without compromising security.
Chemical Gels for Diverting CO2: Baseline Experiments (1987)

ABSTRACT Large-scale reservoir heterogeneities, such as fractures, channels, or high-permeability streaks, can cause early breakthrough of injected CO2 which will reduce oil recovery efficiency. This paper describes the first part of a multiple-part study on the effect of some commercial gelants on the reduction in CO2 permeability. A methodology is presented of testing gelants in vial tests, core tests, and with two-dimensional flow visualization studies in high-pressure micromodels. Test conditions were selected to match some west Texas/southeast New Mexico reservoirs: 1500 psi and 105°F (CO2 MMP ≈ 1200 psi). The gelants used included some commercially available crosslinked polymer systems. In the core tests, gel stability and polymer-gel interactions were assessed by monitoring the permeability of repeated water/CO2 WAG cycles. The high-pressure micromodel studies were valuable in assessing the mechanisms responsible for permeability reduction at the pore level.
FPF Dossier: Biocides (2015)

Biocides are used on the surface of, or integrated into, food contact materials (FCMs). They help with reducing food spoilage and food-borne illnesses. This dossier summarizes the applications, benefits, and risks of biocides used in FCMs and explains U.S. and EU regulations.
Parametric human body modelling system for virtual garment fitting (2013)

Modelling customer-tailored 3D human models is an important problem in virtual garment fitting systems. However, manual generation of such models often requires high cost and is considerably difficult for common users lacking the knowledge of computer graphics. To solve this, we propose a parametric human modelling method. In our study, the 3D body scan data of 250 different individuals are gathered, and for each model, 128 feature points are specified. The modelling parameters are then extracted by analysing the feature point statistics. Using these parameters, we generate a new set of feature points satisfying the input body sizes, and interpolate those points with a surface. As a result, a 3D human model satisfying the given constraints is obtained. Since our method uses only a few parameters, even a novice user can generate or modify the model easily. Further, since the method involves only simple calculations, the computational cost is low.
Effects of Heavy Metals on the Aquatic Biota (1999)

Abstract This review focuses on the effects of heavy metals on the aquatic (primarily freshwater) biota. During the 1970s and 1980s there was intense research interest in the biological effects of heavy metals. While this has provided a firm foundation for the interpretation of toxic effects associated with metalliferous mining in particular, many other aspects of mining, with potentially adverse effects on the biota, have received less attention. In particular, physical factors, such as those associated with high suspended solid loads, for example, are studied comparatively rarely, although for many deposits of insoluble metals (e.g., gold, tin) such factors may be more significant than toxicity (LaPerriere et al., 1985; Van Nieuwenhuyse and LaPerriere, 1986; Briones, 1987). Moreover, discovery of a valuable mineral may lead to large increases in population. The town of Jos in Nigeria, for example, owes its existence to the tin mines in the region and the main water quality problem in the Delimi river downstream of the town is due to sewage pollution rather than to mining (Kelly and Ali, 1993). Further environmental impacts can include clearing land for agriculture to feed the growing population (Livett et al., 1979). It would be wrong to consider the potential impact of a new development without considering these aspects as well.
In-service inspection of static mechanical equipment on offshore oil and gas production plants: A decision support framework (2012)

Inspection and maintenance decisions are key elements for assuring the technical integrity of oil and gas (O&G) production plants. In this context, the offshore industry is facing a challenge in replacing experienced personnel with new recruitments. The issue is further exacerbated when the job responsibilities involve high risk related decisions. Therefore, it is important to replace the human involvement in decision making processes with intelligent systems. The methods developed in operation research and/or the hybrid systems such as neurofuzzy methodologies provide a backbone for developing such systems. As the personnel working in the inspection planning deals with large amount of data from different data sources, it is vital to develop a mechanism to integrate these data to make the optimum decision. This paper proposes a framework for the mechanization of inspection planning and corresponding decision making processes, focusing on static mechanical equipment in offshore production plants.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Quaternary Amino Acid Derivatives by Sequential Enzymatic Desymmetrization and Curtius Rearrangement of α,α-Disubstituted Malonate Diesters (2010)

A convenient and versatile enantioselective synthesis of biologically important alpha-quaternary amino acid derivatives was based on the sequential double alkylation or arylation of dimethyl malonate, followed by desymmetrization with porcine liver esterase (PLE) and Curtius rearrangement. The PLE-mediated hydrolysis of the prochiral dialkylated malonate diesters produced the corresponding chiral half-esters in high yield and with enantiomeric excesses of 43% to >98%. Curtius rearrangement of the latter products, after trapping of the intermediate isocyanates with benzyl alcohol or amines, afforded the corresponding Cbz-protected amino esters or ureas. The absolute configurations of the major products in five examples were established by conversion to compounds with known specific rotations, or by X-ray crystallography of derivatives obtained with chiral amines of known configuration.
Joint Resource Allocation for Parallel Multi-Radio Access in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2010)

Heterogeneous wireless networks where several systems with different bands coexist for multimedia service are currently in service and will be widely adopted to support various traffic demand. Under heterogeneous networks, a mobile station can transmit over multiple and simultaneous radio access technologies (RATs) such as WLAN, HSPA, and WCDMA LTE. Also, cognitive radio for the efficient use of underutilized/unused frequency band is successfully implemented in some networks. In this letter, we address such operational issues as air interface and band selection for a mobile and power allocation to the chosen links. An optimal solution is sought and analyzed and a distributed joint allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize total system capacity. We investigate the benefit of multiple transmissions by multiple RATs over a single transmission by a single RAT at a time, which can be interpreted as network diversity. Numerical results validate the performance enhancement of our proposed algorithm.
DataMaster – a Plug-in for Importing Schemas and Data from Relational Databases into Protege (2007)

csongor.nyulas&lt;at&gt;stanford.edu Abstract: We present DataMaster, a Protégé plug-in that supports the importing of schema structure and data from relational databases into Protégé. The plug-in supports both OWL and frames-based ontologies and can be used with any relational database with JDBC/ODBC drivers.
Encapsulation and functionalization of nanoparticles in crosslinked resorcinarene shells (2006)

Two resorcinarene-derived tetrathiols with terminal alkene sidechains (tetraarylthiol cavitand 3 and tetrabenzylthiol cavitand 4) were determined to be efficient at extracting colloidal gold nanoparticles from aqueous solutions and stabilizing their dispersion in organic solvents. Treatment of these nanoparticle dispersions with the Grubbs olefin metathesis catalyst resulted in crosslinked resorcinarene shells that were highly resistant to alkanethiol-induced desorption at high temperatures. Nanoparticles in crosslinked shells of tetrabenzylthiol cavitand 4 were particularly robust, and could be precipitated and redispersed many times with minimal attrition. These shells could also withstand oxidative conditions and were amenable to synthetic modifications involving epoxidation and dihydroxylation.