gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Nonlinear Logical Torque Sharing Function for Low-Torque Ripple SR Drive (2009)

A novel and simple nonlinear logical torque-sharing function (TSF) for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is proposed. This novel scheme using nonlinear TSF manipulates currents in two adjacent phases during commutation, so that efficiency and torque ripple in an SRM drive can be considerably improved. For constant torque generation, the switching of one-phase windings is regulated, and torque reference for the other phase stays at the previous state under the condition of a certain current limit given by the overall drive power rating. Every torque state monitored by the nonlinear logical condition determines a regulated or nonregulated torque control among two phases overlapped in commutation region, where one phase is incoming to produce the majority of torque and the outgoing current in the other phase is decreasingly controlled by the logical condition. Due to the same switching state in a nonregulated phase and the reduction of commutation period by the proposed control method, the switching number can be significantly reduced, and hence, the switching loss can be reduced. In case that one-phase regulation cannot satisfy a proper torque reference required for minimum torque ripple operation, a two-phase regulation mode is employed in the novel nonlinear TSF. In order to include magnetic nonlinearity in torque control and decrease a current tail at the end of commutation, the current of the incoming phase needs to be controlled in an increasing manner, and at the same time, the outgoing phase current tracks on an opposite direction so that torque sharing between two phases can be smoothly achieved with a minimum current crossover. The proposed control scheme is verified by some computer simulations and experimental results.
Fusing the Old with the New: Learning Relative Camera Pose with Geometry-Guided Uncertainty (2021)

Learning methods for relative camera pose estimation have been developed largely in isolation from classical geometric approaches. The question of how to integrate predictions from deep neural networks (DNNs) and solutions from geometric solvers, such as the 5-point algorithm, has as yet remained under-explored. In this paper, we present a novel framework that involves probabilistic fusion between the two families of predictions during network training, with a view to leveraging their complementary benefits in a learnable way. The fusion is achieved by learning the DNN uncertainty under explicit guidance by the geometric uncertainty, thereby learning to take into account the geometric solution in relation to the DNN prediction. Our network features a self-attention graph neural network, which drives the learning by enforcing strong interactions between different correspondences and potentially modeling complex relationships between points. We propose motion parmeterizations suitable for learning and show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on the challenging DeMoN and ScanNet datasets. While we focus on relative pose, we envision that our pipeline is broadly applicable for fusing classical geometry and deep learning.
Leveraging Online User Feedback to Improve Statistical Machine Translation (2015)

In this article we present a three-step methodology for dynamically improving a statistical machine translation (SMT) system by incorporating human feedback in the form of free edits on the system translations. We target at feedback provided by casual users, which is typically error-prone. Thus, we first propose a filtering step to automatically identify the better user-edited translations and discard the useless ones. A second step produces a pivot-based alignment between source and user-edited sentences, focusing on the errors made by the system. Finally, a third step produces a new translation model and combines it linearly with the one from the original system. We perform a thorough evaluation on a real-world dataset collected from the Reverso.net translation service and show that every step in our methodology contributes significantly to improve a general purpose SMT system. Interestingly, the quality improvement is not only due to the increase of lexical coverage, but to a better lexical selection, reordering, and morphology. Finally, we show the robustness of the methodology by applying it to a different scenario, in which the new examples come from an automatically Web-crawled parallel corpus. Using exactly the same architecture and models provides again a significant improvement of the translation quality of a general purpose baseline SMT system.
Off-line Chinese handwriting recognition using multi-stage neural network architecture (2002)

In this paper, we propose a multi-stage neural network architecture (MNNA) which integrates several neural networks and various feature extraction approaches into a unique pattern recognition system. The general mechanism for designing the MNNA is presented. A three-stage fully connected feedforward neural networks system is designed for handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR). Different feature extraction methods are employed at each stage. Experiments show that the three-stage neural network based HCCR system achieved impressive performance and the preliminary results are very encouraging.
<i>N</i>-Aryl <i>N</i>‘-Hydroxyguanidines, A New Class of NO-Donors after Selective Oxidation by Nitric Oxide Synthases:  Structure−Activity Relationship (2001)

The formation of nitric oxide (NO) was followed during the oxidation of 37 N-hydroxyguanidines or related derivatives, including 18 new N-aryl N'-hydroxyguanidines, by recombinant inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II). Several N-aryl N'-hydroxyguanidines bearing a relatively small, electron-donating para subtituent, such as H, F, Cl, CH(3), OH, OCH(3), and NH(2), led to NO formation rates between 8 and 41% of that of NO formation from the natural NOS substrate, N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA). The characteristics of these reactions were very similar to those previously reported for the oxidation of NOHA by NOS:(i) the strict requirement of NOS containing (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and O(2) for the oxidation to occur, (ii) the formation of NO and the corresponding urea in a 1:1 molar ratio, and (iii) a strong inhibitory effect of the classical NOS inhibitors such as N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine and S-ethyl-iso-thiourea. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that two structural factors are crucial for NO formation from compounds containing a C(triple bond)NOH function. The first one is the presence of a monosubstituted N-hydroxyguanidine function, since disubstituted N-hydroxyguanidines, amidoximes, ketoximes, and aldoximes failed to produce NO. The second one is the presence of a N-phenyl ring bearing a relatively small, not electron-withdrawing para substituent that could favorably interact with a hydrophobic cavity close to the NOS catalytic site. The k(cat) value for NOS II-catalyzed oxidation of N-para-fluorophenyl N'-hydroxyguanidine was 80% of that found for NOHA, and its k(cat)/K(m) value was only 9-fold lower than that of NOHA. Interestingly, the K(m) value found for NOS II-catalyzed oxidation of N-(3-thienyl) N'-hydroxyguanidine was 25 microM, almost identical to that of NOHA. Recombinant NOS I and NOS III also oxidize several N-aryl N'-hydroxyguanidines with the formation of NO, with a clearly different substrate specificity. The best substrates of the studied series for NOS I and NOS III were N-(para-hydroxyphenyl) and N-(meta-aminophenyl) N'-hydroxyguanidine, respectively. Among the studied compounds, the para-chlorophenyl and para-methylphenyl derivatives were selective substrates of NOS II. These results open the way toward a new class of selective NO donors after in situ oxidation by each NOS family.
Traffic-aware virtual machine migration in topology-adaptive DCN (2016)

Virtual machine (VM) migration is a key technique for network resource optimization in modern data center networks (DCNs). Previous work generally focuses on how to place the VMs efficiently in a static network topology by migrating the VMs with large traffic demands to close servers. When the VM demands change, however, a great cost will be paid on the VM migration. With the advance of software-defined network (SDN), recent studies have shown great potential to implement an adaptive network topology at a low cost. Taking advantage of the topology adaptability, in this paper, we propose a new paradigm for VM migration by dynamically constructing a topology based on the VM demands to lower the cost of both VM migration and communication. We formulate the traffic-aware VM migration problem in an adaptive topology and show its NP-hardness. Then we develop a novel progressive-decompose-rounding (PDR) algorithm to solve this problem in polynomial time with a proved approximation ratio. Extensive trace-based simulations show that PDR can achieve higher flow throughput among VMs with only a quarter of the migration cost compared to other state-of-art VM migration solutions. We finally implement an OpenvSwitch-based testbed and demonstrate the efficiency of our solution.
Real-time sidelobe suppression for OFDM systems using advanced subcarrier weighting (2013)

The concept of subcarrier weighting (SW) has been proposed in the literature for sidelobe suppression for OFDM systems. Each OFDM subcarrier is multiplied with a real-valued weight that is determined in order not to interfere with adjacent users. The problem with the SW technique is involving a very complex optimization that has to be performed for each OFDM symbol which limits the suitability for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a heuristic approach called advanced subcarrier weighting (ASW). It can achieve considerable sidelobe suppression while requiring significantly less computational resources than the optimal solution. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm can be close to the optimal performance. Moreover, the proposed ASW algorithm is implemented in a software defined radio. Implementation results prove that it can be introduced for real-time transmissions.
MACROPHAGE RESPONSIVENESS TO LIGHT THERAPY-A DOSE RESPONSE STUDY (1990)

Macrophage-like U-937 cells were exposed in vitro to noncoherent 660 nm wavelength light produced by a superluminous diode at a power density of 120 mW/cm2 over a range of energy densities from 2.4-9.6 j/cm2. Twelve hours after irradiation, the medium in which the macrophages. had been growing and which contained growth factors secreted by them was added to 3T3 fibroblasts, also growing in in vitro. and its, effect on fibroblast proliferation assessed It was found that by 96 h after addition of the macrophage-conditioned medium there was a statistically significant increase in fibroblast proliferation in the cells exposed lo supernatants from sham-irradlatet1 macrophages. The most effective energy density was found to be 7.2J/cm2 and the least effective 9.6 J/cm2.
Injection behavior of high-power broad-area diode lasers (1987)

A single-mode diode laser is injected into a high-power broad-area diode laser to produce single-mode operation with 80 mW in a 0.50 degrees-wide far-field lobe. Spectrally resolved near- and far-field measurements suggest a simple Fabry-Perot amplifier model that qualitatively explains the observed injection and beam-steering behavior in these devices as well as gain-guided multiple-stripe arrays. This model provides criteria for the optimization of injection performance.
HyperMash: A Heterogeneous Service Composition Approach for Better Support of the End Users (2013)

The emergence of Web 2.0 and its related technologies such as HTML5 has empowered the end users and made it possible for them to compose their own Web applications. Yet, most of the current development has mainly concentrated on the support of the composition of enterprise-oriented services and scientific workflows, with not enough effort made to support the composition of end user-oriented services. This paper presents HyperMash, a service composition approach for the end users. The salient feature of this approach is its support of on demand heterogeneous service composition, which allows the end users to create their own composite services by combining RESTful services with SOAP-based services at runtime. In addition, to make it easier for the end users to compose RESTful services, HyperMash provides a full set of RESTful interface features. The paper describes the conceptual framework and working principles of HyperMash and illustrates the HyperMash approach through two examples.
The readiness potential reflects intentional binding (2014)

When a voluntary action is causally linked with a sensory outcome, the action and its consequent effect are perceived as being closer together in time. This effect is called intentional binding. Although many experiments were conducted on this phenomenon, the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. While intentional binding is specific to voluntary action, we presumed that preconscious brain activity (the readiness potential, RP), which occurs before an action is made, might play an important role in this binding effect. In this study, the brain dynamics were recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) and analyzed in single-trials in order to estimate whether intentional binding is correlated with the early neural processes. Moreover, we were interested in different behavioral performance between meditators and non-meditators since meditators are expected to be able to keep attention more consistently on a task. Thus, we performed the intentional binding paradigm with 20 mindfulness meditators and compared them to matched controls. Although, we did not observe a group effect on either behavioral data or EEG recordings, we found that self-initiated movements following ongoing negative deflections of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) result in a stronger binding effect compared to positive potentials, especially regarding the perceived time of the consequent effect. Our results provide the first direct evidence that the early neural activity within the range of SCPs affects perceived time of a sensory outcome that is caused by intentional action.
Attribute Manipulation Generative Adversarial Networks for Fashion Images (2019)

Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have made it possible to conduct multi-domain image-to-image translation using a single generative network. While recent methods such as Ganimation and SaGAN are able to conduct translations on attribute-relevant regions using attention, they do not perform well when the number of attributes increases as the training of attention masks mostly rely on classification losses. To address this and other limitations, we introduce Attribute Manipulation Generative Adversarial Networks (AMGAN) for fashion images. While AMGAN's generator network uses class activation maps (CAMs) to empower its attention mechanism, it also exploits perceptual losses by assigning reference (target) images based on attribute similarities. AMGAN incorporates an additional discriminator network that focuses on attribute-relevant regions to detect unrealistic translations. Additionally, AMGAN can be controlled to perform attribute manipulations on specific regions such as the sleeve or torso regions. Experiments show that AMGAN outperforms state-of-the-art methods using traditional evaluation metrics as well as an alternative one that is based on image retrieval.
Second-strand synthesis is a rate-limiting step for efficient transduction by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. (2020)

The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) to transduce cells with a marker gene in vitro was found to be substantially increased by the presence of adenovirus. Transfection experiments with adenovirus genomic DNA suggest that this increase is not facilitated by adenovirus-mediated viral uptake but is instead dependent on adenovirus gene expression. Using various adenovirus mutants, we were able to map this function to early-region E4 open reading frame 6. Plasmid expression of open reading frame 6 protein in cells infected with recombinant AAV increased transduction between 100- and 1,000-fold. The increase in transduction was not dependent on the recombinant AAV gene cassette but instead appeared to involve an immediate early step of the AAV life cycle. Chemical and physical agents that have been shown to induce helper-free replication of wild-type AAV were also able to stimulate recombinant AAV transduction, suggesting that the phenomenon might affect AAV DNA replication. Further experiments showed that viral uncoating was not affected and that the rate-limiting step involved synthesis of a second strand on the single-stranded genomic AAV DNA. These data suggest that the adenovirus E4 region, as well as chemical and physical agents, can play an essential role in an immediate-early step of the AAV life cycle, specifically in second-strand synthesis, and have important implications for the use of AAV vectors in gene therapy protocols.
Development of the Volvo Lambda-Sond System (1977)

has developed the first production emission control system to fully utilize a three-way catalyst. Called the Volvo Lambda-sond it is applied to the 4-cyclinder in-line B21 engine, and employs three essential new components--an exhaust gas composition sensor, an additional feed-back loop to the continuous fuel injection system, and the catalyst. Outstanding certification results were achieved, expecially for NOX, combined with good driveability, power output, and fuel economy. The development and performance of the system, and the test procedures used, are described in detail, and its future potential and limitations are discussed. /GMRL/
VAMP subfamilies identified by specific R‐SNARE motifs (2004)

Summry— In eukaryotes, interactions among the α‐helical coiled‐coil domains (CCDs) of soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) play a pivotal role in mediating the fusion among vesicles and target membranes. Surface residues of such CCDs are major candidates to regulate the specificity of membrane fusion, as they may alter local charge at the interaction layers and surface of the fusion complex, possibly modulating its formation and/or the binding of non‐SNARE regulatory factors. Based on alternate patterns in surface residues, we have identified two motifs which group vesicular SNAREs in two novel subfamilies: RG‐SNAREs and RD‐SNAREs. The RG‐SNARE CCD is common to all members of the widely conserved family of long VAMPs or longins and to yeast and non‐neuronal VAMPs, possibly mediating “basic” fusion mechanisms; instead, only synaptobrevins from Bilateria share an RD‐SNARE CCD, which is likely to mediate interactions to specific, yet unknown, regulatory factors and/or be the landmark of rapid fusion reactions like that mediating the release of neurotransmitters.
The United States and the new Europe 1945–1993 (1994)

Journal Article The United States and the new Europe 1945–1993 Get access The United States and the new Europe 1945–1993. By Peter Duignanand L. H. Gann. Oxford: Blackwell. 1994. 357pp. Index. £45.00; ISBN 1 55786 518 3. Pb.: £14.99; ISBN 1 55786 519 1. Dilys M. Hill Dilys M. Hill 1University of Southampton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 70, Issue 3, July 1994, Pages 523–524, https://doi.org/10.2307/2623714 Published: 01 July 1994
Numerical aspects of spatio-temporal current density reconstruction from EEG-/MEG-data (2001)

The determination of the sources of electric activity inside the brain from electric and magnetic measurements on the surface of the head is known to be an ill-posed problem. In this paper, a new algorithm which takes temporal a priori information modeled by the smooth activation model into account is described and compared with existing algorithms such as Tikhonov-Phillips.
Machine learning approach to OAM beam demultiplexing via convolutional neural networks (2017)

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams allow for increased channel capacity in free-space optical communication. Conventionally, these OAM beams are multiplexed together at a transmitter and then propagated through the atmosphere to a receiver where, due to their orthogonality properties, they are demultiplexed. We propose a technique to demultiplex these OAM-carrying beams by capturing an image of the unique multiplexing intensity pattern and training a convolutional neural network (CNN) as a classifier. This CNN-based demultiplexing method allows for simplicity of operation as alignment is unnecessary, orthogonality constraints are loosened, and costly optical hardware is not required. We test our CNN-based technique against a traditional demultiplexing method, conjugate mode sorting, with various OAM mode sets and levels of simulated atmospheric turbulence in a laboratory setting. Furthermore, we examine our CNN-based technique with respect to added sensor noise, number of photon detections, number of pixels, unknown levels of turbulence, and training set size. Results show that the CNN-based demultiplexing method is able to demultiplex combinatorially multiplexed OAM modes from a fixed set with >99% accuracy for high levels of turbulence-well exceeding the conjugate mode demultiplexing method. We also show that this new method is robust to added sensor noise, number of photon detections, number of pixels, unknown levels of turbulence, and training set size.
Hepatic steatosis assessment with CT or MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2011)

In patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy MRI measurements of steatosis showed the highest correlation coefficient and the best diagnostic accuracy, as compared to CT measurements.
UV Light Interference Method for Measuring Magnetic Head Slider Flying Heights. (1994)

A new flying height tester has been developed for magnetic head sliders. This tester measures the light interference fringe patterns between the slider and a glass disk, and calculates the absolute flying height from their peak positions. The tester uses monochromatic incoherent UV and visible light, which has a minimum wavelength of about 200 nm, and the slider's dynamic motion measurement system is separated from the static flying height measurement system. Hence, it can measure a 50 nm flying height within an error of less than 1 nm. The tester can also measure a slider's dynamic motion in the 0-100 kHz frequency range using photodiode arrays. The performance of the tester was confirmed through careful experiments.
Forefoot reconstruction with combined first metatarsus osteotomy, metatarsophalangeal fusion and resection of the lesser metatarsal heads in rheumatoid patients (2000)

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Low‐frequency Sonophoresis: Pathologic and Thermal Effects in Dogs (1998)

Low-frequency ultrasound at low intensities appears safe for use to enhance the topical delivery of medications, producing only minimal urticarial reactions. Higher-intensity conditions resulted in second-degree burns, most likely attributable to localized heating.
[Carinal resection and reconstruction combined with heart and great vessel plasty in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer]. (2006)

(1) It is feasible in technique that carinal resection and reconstruction combined with heart, great vessel plasty in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving carina, heart and great vessels simutaneously; (2) Multiple modality therapy based on carinal resection and reconstruction combined with heart and great vessel plasty can remarkably increase the survival rate, and improve the prognosis and quality of life in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer involving carina, heart and great vessels.