gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of derivatives of pyrazolo[1,5‐<i>a</i>]pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>c</i>][1,3,6]‐benzotriazocine, a new class of compounds with potential CNS activity (1992)

Abstract The synthesis of derivatives of pyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrrolo[1,2‐ c ][1,3,6]benzotriazocine was obtained by the reaction of arylaldehydes with some 1‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐5‐(pyrrol‐1‐yl)pyrazoles, as hydrochlorides. Characterization of this new class of compounds was effected with ir, pmr and 13 C nmr spectral data.
Evolution of the insulin gene superfamily. Sequence of a preproinsulin-like growth factor cDNA from the Atlantic hagfish (1991)

Complementary DNAs encoding a preproinsulin-like growth factor (prepro-IGF) have been cloned from a primitive vertebrate species, the Atlantic hagfish, by using a DNA amplification strategy based on the polymerase chain reaction. A composite sequence containing a 414-nucleotide open reading frame encoding 138 amino acids and 164 nucleotides in the 3'-untranslated region was obtained. The deduced partial sequence of hagfish prepro-IGF reveals that it is organized like the mammalian prepro-IGFs with an unusually large (greater than 39-amino acid) signal peptide (initiator methionine residue is missing), 29-amino acid B, 15-amino acid C, 21-amino acid A, 10-amino acid D, and 26-amino acid E domains. All the invariant residues necessary to form the correct tertiary fold of an insulin-like molecule have been conserved in hagfish IGF. Sequence comparisons revealed that the A and B domains of hagfish IGF are equally similar to those of human IGF-I (35 out of 50 amino acids) or IGF-II (37 out of 53 amino acids). In contrast, the similarity between hagfish and mammalian pro-IGFs in the C, D, and E domains is relatively low. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from hagfish brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and islet organ, however, indicated that hagfish IGF, like mammalian IGF-I, is expressed predominantly in the liver as a 4.2-kilobase transcript. DNA blot analysis revealed that hagfish IGF is a single copy gene. The predicted sequence of hagfish prepro-IGF thus demonstrates that the divergence of the IGF and insulin genes occurred prior to the separation of the Agnatha and that the organization and tertiary structure of IGF have been well maintained throughout 550 million years of vertebrate evolution.
Compensation of interference non-reciprocity in adaptive TDD MIMO-OFDM systems (2005)

In a time-division-duplex (TDD) system, the channel state information can be easily obtained at the transmitter side due to channel reciprocity and it can be used to dramatically increase the spectral efficiency of a MIMO system. However, the interference structure between transmission directions does not necessarily correlate at all. In such a case, the modulation/coding parameters assigned based on the reverse link measurements may lead to excessively high frame error rates. If the interference structure between transmission directions differs significantly, A simple closed-loop method to compensate the non-reciprocity between uplink and downlink interference structure is introduced. The simulation results clearly show that in the presence of non-reciprocal interference, some feedback to the transmitter is always needed in order to maintain the desired quality of service at the receiver. The gain from the fast feedback depends on the interference structure and the number of transmitter and receiver antennas.
Experimental study of spectral beam combining based on transmitting volume Bragg grating (2009)

Based on the design scheme of spectral beam combining using transmitting volume Bragg grating,the experimental results for spectral beam combining of two fiber lasers are reported.The gain mediums used in this experiment were erbium-ytterbium co-doped double-cladding fibers,pumped by semiconductor lasers.The output powers of the two fiber lasers were 0.48 W and 0.71 W respectively.With grating diffraction efficiency lower than 40%,the maximal output power of 0.56 W with Absolutely combining efficiency of about 47% was achieved.The reason for the lower combining output power in the experimente was analyzed too.
The Problem of Race in Medicine (2001)

The biomedical sciences employ race as a descriptive and analytic category. They use race to describe differences in rates of morbidity and mortality and to explain variations in drug sensitivity and metabolism. But there are problems with the use of race in medicine. This article identifies a number of the problems and assesses some solutions. The first three sections consider how race is defined and whether the racial data used in biomedical research are reliable and valid. The next three sections explain why racial variation in disease, including genetic disease, is not evidence that race is biological. The final section explains how a proper understanding of the role of race in medicine bears on public policy.
Exosomes derived from miR‐181‐5p‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent liver fibrosis <i>via</i> autophagy activation (2017)

Proliferating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) respond to liver damage by secreting collagens that form fibrous scar tissue, which can lead to cirrhosis if in appropriately regulated. Advancement of microRNA (miRNA) hepatic therapies has been hampered by difficulties in delivering miRNA to damaged tissue. However, exosomes secreted by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can be exploited to deliver miRNAs to HSCs. ADSCs were engineered to overexpress miRNA-181-5p (miR-181-5p-ADSCs) to selectively home exosomes to mouse hepatic stellate (HST-T6) cells or a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis murine model and compared with non-targeting control Caenorhabditis elegans miR-67 (cel-miR-67)-ADSCs. In vitro analysis confirmed that the transfer of miR-181-5p from miR-181-5p-ADSCs occurred via secreted exosomal uptake. Exosomes were visualized in HST-T6 cells using cyc3-labelled pre-miRNA-transfected ADSCs with/without the exosomal inhibitor, GW4869. The effects of miRNA-181-5p overexpression on the fibrosis associated STAT3/Bcl-2/Beclin 1 pathway and components of the extracellular matrix were assessed. Exosomes from miR181-5p-ADSCs down-regulated Stat3 and Bcl-2 and activated autophagy in the HST-T6 cells. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of fibrotic genes in HST-T6 cells induced by TGF-β1 was repressed following the addition of isolated miR181-5p-ADSC exosomes compared with miR-67-ADSCexosomes. Exosome therapy attenuated liver injury and significantly down-regulated collagen I, vimentin, α-SMA and fibronectin in liver, compared with controls. Taken together, the effective anti-fibrotic function of engineered ADSCs is able to selectively transfer miR-181-5p to damaged liver cells and will pave the way for the use of exosome-ADSCs for therapeutic delivery of miRNA targeting liver disease.
Extraction and clustering of motion trajectories in video (2004)

A system that tracks moving objects in a video dataset so as to extract a representation of the objects' 3D trajectories is described. The system then finds hierarchical clusters of similar trajectories in the video dataset. Objects' motion trajectories are extracted via an EKF formulation that provides each object's 3D trajectory up to a constant factor. To increase accuracy when occlusions occur, multiple tracking hypotheses are followed. For trajectory-based clustering and retrieval, a modified version of edit distance, called longest common subsequence is employed. Similarities are computed between projections of trajectories on coordinate axes. Trajectories are grouped based, using an agglomerative clustering algorithm. To check the validity of the approach, experiments using real data were performed.
Solvent/additive-free synthesis of porous/zeolitic metal azolate frameworks from metal oxide/hydroxide (2011)

Porous/zeolitic metal azolate frameworks may be efficiently prepared, with water as the only byproduct, by heating a mixture of metal oxide/hydroxide and azole ligand.
Gd-DOTA (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of Gd-DOTA meglumine in humans were evaluated in six healthy male volunteers. The agent was injected intravenously at 0.1 mmol/kg over approximately 2 minutes. Its behavior was found to be similar to that of urographic and angiographic iodinated contrast media with a plasma elimination half-life of 91 +/- 14 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]), a small distribution volume of 171.0 +/- 19.7 mL/kg and rapid urinary excretion. The results suggest rapid passive extravascular diffusion of gadolinium (Gd)-DOTA in the interstitial space without intracellular penetration, followed by a rapid urinary excretion via glomerular filtration. Furthermore, the results are consistent with animal data that showed that the compound does not cross the normal blood brain barrier. Its plasma pharmacokinetics appeared to be similar to those reported for Gd-DTPA. No relevant biological effects were seen with Gd-DOTA, especially in regard to serum iron and bilirubin levels.
Joint Task Assignment and Spectrum Allocation in Heterogeneous UAV Communication Networks: A Coalition Formation Game-Theoretic Approach (2020)

Coalition structure is an efficient networking architecture for task implementation in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks. However, both the formation of coalition and the spectrum resource for intra-coalition communication affect the reconnaissance performance. In this paper, we investigate a cooperative reconnaissance and spectrum access (CRSA) scheme for task-driven heterogeneous coalition-based UAV networks by jointly optimizing task layer and resource layer. Specifically, coalition formation game (CFG) is formulated to jointly optimize task selection and bandwidth allocation. In addition to the traditional Pareto order and selfish order, coalition expected altruistic order maximizing coalitions' utility is proposed. The CFG under the proposed order is proved to be an exact potential game (EPG). Then the existence of stable coalition partition is guaranteed with the help of Nash equilibrium (NE). We propose a joint bandwidth allocation and coalition formation (JBACF) algorithm to achieve stable coalition partition wherein an efficient gradient projection (GP) based method is applied to solve bandwidth allocation. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme and algorithms are demonstrated through in-depth numerical simulations. The results show that our proposed CRSA scheme is superior to non-joint optimization scheme. Also, the proposed order is superior to traditional Pareto order and selfish order.
Modulation of protein aggregation by polyethylene glycol conjugation: GCSF as a case study (2006)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugation to proteins has emerged as an important technology to produce drug molecules with sustained duration in the body. However, the implications of PEG conjugation to protein aggregation have not been well understood. In this study, conducted under physiological pH and temperature, N-terminal attachment of a 20 kDa PEG moiety to GCSF had the ability to (1) prevent protein precipitation by rendering the aggregates soluble, and (2) slow the rate of aggregation relative to GCSF. Our data suggest that PEG-GCSF solubility was mediated by favorable solvation of water molecules around the PEG group. PEG-GCSF appeared to aggregate on the same pathway as that of GCSF, as evidenced by (a) almost identical secondary structural transitions accompanying aggregation, (b) almost identical covalent character in the aggregates, and (c) the ability of PEG-GCSF to rescue GCSF precipitation. To understand the role of PEG length, the aggregation properties of free GCSF were compared to 5kPEG-GCSF and 20kPEG-GCSF. It was observed that even 5kPEG-GCSF avoided precipitation by forming soluble aggregates, and the stability toward aggregation was vastly improved compared to GCSF, but only marginally less stable than the 20kPEG-GCSF. Biological activity measurements demonstrated that both 5kPEG-GCSF and 20kPEG-GCSF retained greater activity after incubation at physiological conditions than free GCSF, consistent with the stability measurements. The data is most compatible with a model where PEG conjugation preserves the mechanism underlying protein aggregation in GCSF, steric hindrance by PEG influences aggregation rate, while aqueous solubility is mediated by polar PEG groups on the aggregate surface.
Lewis Acid-Mediated Reactions of Alkyl Azides with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (2003)

[reaction: see text] Alkyl azides react with saturated ketones upon treatment with Lewis acids to afford ring-expansion products through the azido-Schmidt reaction, but this reaction does not proceed when alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones are used. In this study, alkyl azides were reacted with enones in the presence of Lewis acids to give enaminones (vinylogous amides), which formally involve a ring contraction reaction. The mechanism and scope of this reaction is discussed.
Synthesis, Redox Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Hindered Phenols Linked to Heterocycles (2020)

A series of benzotriazole, cyclic amides and pyrimidine derivatives, containing 2,6-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-phenol fragments, were synthesized. The redox properties of obtained compounds were studied using the cyclic voltammetry on a platinum electrode in acetonitrile. The oxidation potentials of all substances were comparable to those of BHT. The obtained compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity, and <i>N</i>-(2-(3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)isatin (32 μg/mL) exerted good activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus.</i>
A heterogeneous scalable architecture for collaborative haptics environments (2004)

The purpose of this research effort is to design a generic architecture for collaborative haptic, audio, visual environments (C-HAVE). We aim to develop a heterogeneous scalable architecture for large collaborative haptics environments where a number of potential users participate with different kinds of haptic devices. This paper begins with a brief overview of C-HAVE and then proceeds to describe a generic architecture that is implemented over HLA/RTI (High Level Architecture/Run Time Infrastructure), an IEEE standard for distributed simulations and modeling. A potential electronic commerce application over C-HAVE is discussed.
Structural analysis of hardwood native lignins by quantitative <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy (2015)

Abstract Milled wood lignins from alkaline pretreated wood with very low sugar content and a wide range of syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratio between 1.2 and 3.0 were isolated from 12 industrially valuable hardwood (HW) species. The lignin preparations were investigated by means of a comprehensive 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodology to address the possibilities and limitations of this approach for HW native lignins and to estimate the structural variations within HW lignins. Good correlations were found for different independent methods for the quantification of major lignin moieties. The results were reliable at the C 6 level and not only for relative comparison. The correlation was good between methoxyl group determinations by wet chemistry and those by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The limitations of the 13 C NMR method were also pointed out. The differences in the S/G ratios can be large, but other structural deviations are less significant. Strong correlations between the S/G ratios and the amounts of other structural peculiarities could not be found by the 13 C NMR approach. However, with increasing S/G ratios, the β-O-4 content showed increasing tendencies and the degree of condensation showed decreasing tendencies.
Effect of Vapor-Cell Geometry on Rydberg-Atom-Based Measurements of Radio-Frequency Electric Fields (2015)

Precise measurement of electric fields at giga- to terahertz frequencies is important for emerging technologies, such as generating single photons and building quantum logic gates and advanced sensors. The authors have developed an absolute rf electric-field sensor based on Rydberg atoms, in which each gaseous alkali-metal atom acts as a detector. This study provides crucial information about how the geometry of the container affects such measurements, and the work is poised to impact applications as diverse as atomic clocks, vapor-cell magnetometers, remote sensing, antenna calibration, and metamaterials characterization.
Specific Affinity Fractionation of Lymphocytes Using Glass or Plastic Bead Columns (1976)

This paper describes column fractionation techniques for separating different lymphocyte subpopulations. For this purpose columns can be coupled with antigen, specific antibodies to membrane determinants on lymphocytes, or immune complexes or aggregated immunoglobulins, which interact with Fc receptors.
Discrete-Phase Constant Envelope Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems (2017)

We consider downlink of a multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and focus on reducing the hardware costs by using a single common power amplifier and separate phase shifters (PSs) for antenna front-ends. In the previous literature, the use of analog PSs in this setup has been considered. Here, we study the use of practical digital PSs, which only support a limited set of discrete phases. Considering the sum of interference powers as a metric, we formulate the corresponding nonlinear discrete optimization problem and solve for the phases to be used during transmission. We devise a low-complexity algorithm, which employs a trellis structure providing suboptimal, but efficient and effective solutions. We demonstrate via examples that the proposed solutions have comparable performance to conventional analog PS-based algorithms. Furthermore, we prove that by utilizing discrete-phase constant envelope precoding, the interference can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the number of antennas. Therefore, the asymptotic gains promised by massive MIMO systems are preserved. We also obtain closed-form expressions for the rate loss due to errors in the phase and amplitude of the PSs, for both low and high SNR regimes.
Spectral linewidth and resonant frequency characteristics of InGaAsP/InP multiquantum well lasers (1989)

The spectral linewidth and resonant frequency characteristics of 1.3- mu m InGaAsP/InP multi-quantum-well lasers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy were investigated and compared to those of the conventional double heterostructure (DH) lasers. A decrease in spectral linewidth and an increase in resonant frequency f/sub r/ with decreasing well thickness were observed. Moreover, the linewidth enhancement factor alpha was reduced to approximately 2 for well thicknesses of less than approximately 200 AA, while that of the DH laser was approximately 6. An f/sub r/ of 9 GHz, which is twice as large as that of conventional DH lasers, was achieved at an optical power of 5.3 mW/facet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
US-PCS SAW duplexer using high-Q SAW resonator with SiO/sub 2/ coat for stabilizing temperature characteristics (2005)

We have successfully developed SAW resonators with a SiO/sub 2/ coat, which have both high-Q characteristics and stable temperature characteristics. We realized a SAW duplexer for the US PCS band (US-PCS) using these resonators. The frequency characteristics variation due to temperature change is usually taken into design consideration. However, in case of the US-PCS duplexer, which has a difficult frequency allocation for the transmission (Tx) band and the reception (Rx) band. A temperature coefficient (TC) reduction technology is essential to realize the US-PCS SAW duplexer. Of course, this TC reduction technique should not deteriorate the filter characteristics, such as insertion loss. In this report, we explain the TC reduction technique using a SiO/sub 2/ layer and the US-PCS SAW duplexer employing these resonators. It shows good performance over the temperature range -30/spl deg/C to +85/spl deg/C.
Borna Disease Virus Nucleoprotein Requires both Nuclear Localization and Export Activities for Viral Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling (2001)

Nuclear transport of viral nucleic acids is crucial to the life cycle of many viruses. Borna disease virus (BDV) belongs to the order Mononegavirales and replicates its RNA genome in the nucleus. Previous studies have suggested that BDV nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) have important functions in the nuclear import of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes via their nuclear targeting activity. Here, we showed that BDV N has cytoplasmic localization activity, which is mediated by a nuclear export signal (NES) within the sequence. Our analysis using deletion and substitution mutants of N revealed that NES of BDV N consists of a canonical leucine-rich motif and that the nuclear export activity of the protein is mediated through the chromosome region maintenance protein-dependent pathway. Interspecies heterokaryon assay indicated that BDV N shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. Furthermore, interestingly, the NES region overlaps a binding site to the BDV P protein, and nuclear export of a 38-kDa form of BDV N is prevented by coexpression of P. These results suggested that BDV N has two contrary activities, nuclear localization and export activity, and plays a critical role in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of BDV RNP by interaction with other viral proteins.
Magnetism of Linear [Ln<sub>3</sub>]<sup>9+</sup> Oxo-Bridged Clusters (Ln = Pr, Nd) Supported inside a [R<sub>3</sub>PR′]<sup>+</sup> Phosphonium Coordination Material (2014)

Two new isostructural phosphine coordination materials, Ln-PCM-21 (Ln = Pr, Nd), have been obtained using a tris(p-carboxylated) methyltriphenylphosphonium ligand that is formally dianionic when triply deprotonated, allowing access to materials based on uncommon metal-to-ligand ratios. The polymers of the formula [Ln3(mptbc)4]X·solv (X = Cl(-), NO3(-)) are cationic and contain unusual, linear oxo-bridged [Ln3](9+) clusters. Magnetic susceptibility data for both the Pr and Nd analogues has been compared to models based on three contrasting approaches.
A Rare Case of Fulminant Acute Postoperative Morganella morganii Endophthalmitis (2021)

Intravitreal imipenem can be considered to treat Morganella morganii endophthalmitis. Aggressive treatment in these patients can help in improving visual outcome.
Determination of mode content and relative phase in highly overmoded circular waveguides by open-ended radiation pattern measurement (2003)

A number of techniques of mode content determination of highly overmoded circular waveguides based upon open-end radiation pattern measurements have appeared in the literature. Each of these techniques is found to possess various limitations in the decomposition of certain mode combinations. Some of the limitations can be eliminated by the inner-product method. This method provides for the determination of both the amplitude and the phase of the waveguide modes present at the output of the device under test. The inner-product method requires measurement of the phase pattern of the far-field radiation, information not easily obtained at higher microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. The method is shown to be most useful when combined with the simpler mode content determination technique of R.J. Vernon et al. (1987). The application of the inner product method to the determination of the mode content of a TE/sub 01/-TE/sub 11/ mode converter is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>