gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Internet's BGP Routing Table (2001)

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a central nervous system convulsant that is thought, based on binding studies, to act at the picrotoxin (PTX) site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor. In the present study, we have investigated the mechanism and site of action of PTZ in recombinant GABA(A) receptors. In rat alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors, PTZ inhibited GABA-activated Cl(-) current in a concentration-dependent, voltage-independent manner, with an IC(50) of 0.62 +/- 0.13 mM. The mechanism of inhibition appeared competitive with respect to GABA in both rat and human alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors. Varying subunit configuration (change or lack of alpha subunit isoform or lack of gamma 2 subunit) had modest effects on PTZ-induced inhibition, as evidenced by comparable IC(50) values (0.6-2.2 mM) in all receptor configurations tested. This contrasts with PTX and other PTX-site ligands, which have greater affinity in receptors lacking an alpha subunit. Using a one-site model for PTZ interaction with alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 receptors, the association rate (k(+1)) was found to be 1.14 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) and the dissociation rate (k(-1)) was 0.476 s(-1), producing a functional k(d) of 0.418 mM. PTZ could only gain access to its binding site extracellularly. Single-channel recordings demonstrated that PTZ decreased open probability by increasing the duration of closed states but had no effect on single-channel conductance or open state duration. alpha-Isopropyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone, a compound known to antagonize effects of PTX, also diminished the effects of PTZ. Taken together, our results indicate that pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin interact with overlapping but distinct domains of the GABA(A) receptor.
Photonic mode density effects on single-molecule fluorescence blinking (2007)

We investigated the influence of the photonic mode density (PMD) on the triplet dynamics of individual chromophores on a dielectric interface by comparing their response in the presence and absence of a nearby gold film. Lifetimes of the excited singlet state were evaluated in order to measure directly the PMD at the moleculeâs position. Triplet state lifetimes were simultaneously determined by statistical analysis of the detection time of the fluorescence photons. The observed singlet decay rates are in agreement with the predicted PMD for molecules with different orientations. The triplet decay rate varies in a fashion correlated to the singlet decay rate. These results show that PMD engineering can lead to an important suppression of the fluorescence blinking, introducing a novel physical mechanism to enhance fluorescence intensity in PMD-enhancing systems such as plasmonic devices.
Methods for achieving high measurement sensitivity in holographic interferometry by rewriting holograms using incoherent light (1999)

Methods for increasing the measurement sensitivity in the rewriting of holograms by one beam of incoherent light are proposed. To achieve high measurement sensitivity it is suggested that an additional transmitting diffraction grating be used in optical rewrite systems. The linear and nonlinear forms of hologram rewriting are examined. The methods make it possible to lift the restrictions on the number of hologram rewrite cycles and to achieve maximum measurement sensitivity. The results of an experimental check are presented for the visualization of weak convection air flows near a heated body.
BeCome: Blockchain-Enabled Computation Offloading for IoT in Mobile Edge Computing (2019)

Benefiting from the real-time processing ability of edge computing, computing tasks requested by smart devices in the Internet of Things are offloaded to edge computing devices (ECDs) for implementation. However, ECDs are often overloaded or underloaded with disproportionate resource requests. In addition, during the process of task offloading, the transmitted information is vulnerable, which can result in data incompleteness. In view of this challenge, a blockchain-enabled computation offloading method, named BeCome, is proposed in this article. Blockchain technology is employed in edge computing to ensure data integrity. Then, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III is adopted to generate strategies for balanced resource allocation. Furthermore, simple additive weighting and multicriteria decision making are utilized to identify the optimal offloading strategy. Finally, performance evaluations of BeCome are given through simulation experiments.
Hydrogel Biomaterials for Stem Cell Microencapsulation (2018)

Stem cell transplantation has been recognized as a promising strategy to induce the regeneration of injured and diseased tissues and sustain therapeutic molecules for prolonged periods in vivo. However, stem cell-based therapy is often ineffective due to low survival, poor engraftment, and a lack of site-specificity. Hydrogels can offer several advantages as cell delivery vehicles, including cell stabilization and the provision of tissue-like environments with specific cellular signals; however, the administration of bulk hydrogels is still not appropriate to obtain safe and effective outcomes. Hence, stem cell encapsulation in uniform micro-sized hydrogels and their transplantation in vivo have recently garnered great attention for minimally invasive administration and the enhancement of therapeutic activities of the transplanted stem cells. Several important methods for stem cell microencapsulation are described in this review. In addition, various natural and synthetic polymers, which have been employed for the microencapsulation of stem cells, are reviewed in this article.
A Computational Pipeline to Predict Cardiotoxicity (2020)

We present a multiscale model framework to predict electrotoxicity in the heart from the atom to the rhythm. Novel mechanistic insights emerged at all scales of the system, from the specific nature of proarrhythmic drug interaction with the hERG channel, to the fundamental cellular and tissue-level arrhythmia mechanisms. Applications of machine learning indicate necessary and sufficient parameters that predict arrhythmia vulnerability. We expect that the model framework may be expanded to make an impact in drug discovery, drug safety screening for a variety of compounds and targets, and in a variety of regulatory processes.
Bactericidal properties of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, alone and in combination, and chlorine and formaldehyde against bacterial water strains (1992)

The bactericidal properties of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and formaldehyde were compared in vitro using a rapid micromethod. A combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was also tested to assess interactions. The activities of these agents, which are widely used as disinfectants, were evaluated against water isolates and culture collection strains. Peracetic acid and chlorine exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity, with a relatively rapid destruction of 10(5) bacteria/mL. The time-dependent bactericidal activities of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde were the lowest. The combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, tested by a checkerboard micromethod, was found to be synergistic. The minimal bactericidal concentration was established in terms of time for a given mixture of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Determination of bactericidal concentrations showed that synergy was maintained with increasing contact time. Concentrations for minimal times of treatment by chemicals that provided interesting activities in vitro were tested for disinfection of ultrafiltration membranes. The bactericidal activities of peroxygen compounds were confirmed and synergism was maintained in working conditions. Chlorine showed a loss of efficacy when used on membranes.
Above Surface Interaction for Multiscale Navigation in Mobile Virtual Reality (2020)

Virtual Reality enables the exploration of large information spaces. In physically constrained spaces such as airplanes or buses, controller-based or mid-air interaction in mobile Virtual Reality can be challenging. Instead, the input space on and above touchscreen enabled devices such as smartphones or tablets could be employed for Virtual Reality interaction in those spaces.In this context, we compared an above surface interaction technique with traditional 2D on-surface input for navigating large planar information spaces such as maps in a controlled user study (n = 20). We find that our proposed above surface interaction technique results in significantly better performance and user preference compared to pinch-to-zoom and drag-to-pan when navigating planar information spaces.
Growth of heteroepitaxial Si1−<i>x</i>−<i>y</i>Ge<i>x</i>C<i>y</i> alloys on silicon using novel deposition chemistry (1995)

We report heteroepitaxial growth of diamond-structured Si1−x−yGexCy alloys on (100)Si substrates. Introduction of C into the diamond lattice is kinetically favored by low-temperature (470 °C) interactions of C(SiH3)4, a novel C–H free carbon precursor, with mixtures of SiH4 and GeH4 using ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition techniques. Film thicknesses of 100 to 110 nm with 4–6 at. % C as indicated by Rutherford backscattering carbon resonance spectroscopy were obtained. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed crystalline alloy phase formation with no detectable SiC precipitation. Secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed pure and highly homogeneous films. In situ annealing at 675 °C resulted in heteroepitaxial films with relatively few defects.
Modeling bounded rationality of agents during interactions (2011)

In this paper, we propose that bounded rationality of another agent be modeled as errors the agent is making while deciding on its action. We are motivated by the work on quantal response equilibria in behavioral game theory which uses Nash equilibria as the solution concept. In contrast, we use decision-theoretic maximization of expected utility. Quantal response assumes that a decision maker is approximately rational, i. e., is maximizing its expected utility but with an error rate characterized by a single error parameter. Another agent's error rate may be unknown and needs to be estimated during an interaction. We show that this error rate can be estimated using Bayesian update of a suitable conjugate prior, and that it has a sufficient statistic of fixed dimension under strong simplifying assumptions. However, if the simplifying assumptions are relaxed, the quantal response does not admit a finite dimensional sufficient statistic, and a more complex update is needed.
Surface and Interface Control of Polymeric Biomaterials, Conjugated Polymers, and Carbon Nanotubes (2000)

Surface and interface play an important role in controlling the properties of a broad range of materials. With the recent development of various advanced surface analytical techniques, our understanding of material surfaces and interfaces has been significantly increased, as with our ability to control and even to tailor the surface and interfacial characteristics for specific applications. This is a very broad field which includes material synthesis, structural determination, surface/interface design and modification. In this article, we present some of the important issues concerning the surface and interface control of polymeric biomaterials, conjugated polymers, and carbon nanotubes for biomedical and optoelectronic applications and describe the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface force apparatus (SFA), and neutron reflectometry (NR) for elucidation of the surface and interface structures.
Pituitary Fibroblast Growth Factor as a Stimulator of Growth in Cultured Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes (1975)

Growth promoting activity for rabbit chondrocytes has been described as a contaminant of partially pruified TSH and LH prepared from bovine and ovine pituitaries. We have investigated fibroblast frowth factor (FGF), a small growth promoting peptide isolated from bovine pituitary tissue, in a rabbit chondrocyte system. The results suggest to us that FGF is the factor or one of the factors responsible for chondrocyte growth stimulating activity previously described in the pituitary hormone preparations. DNA synthesis in these cells is stimulated by FGF at final medium concentrations of 10(-9) g/ml. Bovine NIH-LH is not stimulatory below concentrations of 10(-7) g/ml. FGF also stimulates cell growth in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. Dexamethasone, at concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-9) g/ml exerts a synergistic effect with FGF on both DNA synthesis and cell growth. Over a concentration range of 10(-6) to 10(-9) g/ml, FGF does not stimulate synthesis of sulfated mucopolysaccharides.
Total Synthesis of Quercetin 3-Sophorotrioside (2004)

5,7-dihydroxy-3-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (quercetin 3-sophorotrioside), a flavonol triglycoside, isolated from Pisum sativum shoots and showing protective effects on liver injury induced by chemicals, was synthesized for the first time. The target compound was successfully synthesized in eight linear steps and in 39% overall yield through a combination of phase-transfer-catalyzed (PTC) quercetin C-3 glycosylation and silver triflate (AgOTf) promoted carbohydrate chain elongation using both sugar bromide and trichloroacetimidate donors.
A Synthesis of Sloan-C Effective Practices, November 2010 (2010)

Encouraging continuous improvement in the quality, scale and breadth of online education, the Sloan Consortium invites practitioners to share effective practices. This report synthesizes effective practices submitted by Sloan-C members to the online collection at http://www.sloanconsortium.org/effective as of November 2010. The synthesis includes links to the provider institutions and to detailed postings about practices.
Improving productivity in the x-ray film file room. (1983)

A film filing system using color coding of the last two digits of assigned numbers was compared with a system designed around the current film file and readily available patient identifiers: name, sex, and date of examination. In the FASD system (filed alphabetically by sex and date), films are filed in time units by date of last activity and within these time units by sex and last name. The FASD system was shown to cut in half the routine work of film filing.
A Review of Financial Accounting Fraud Detection based on Data Mining Techniques (2012)

IJCA is a computer science and electronics journal related with Theoretical Informatics, Quantum Computing, Software Testing, Computer Vision, Digital Systems, Pervasive Computing, Computational Topology etc.
Evidence for susceptibility of intrathymic T-cell precursors and their progeny carrying T-cell antigen receptor phenotypes TCR alpha beta + and TCR gamma delta + to human immunodeficiency virus infection: a mechanism for CD4+ (T4) lymphocyte depletion. (1990)

Individuals infected by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) demonstrate progressive depletion and qualitative dysfunction of the helper T4 (CD4+) cell population. Mechanisms proposed for attrition of CD4+ T cells include direct cytopathicity of these mature cells following infection as well as infection of early T-lymphocyte progenitors. The latter mechanism could lead to failure to regenerate mature functioning CD4+ T cells. The present study determines the susceptibility of thymocytes at various stages of maturity to infection with HIV-1. Various normal thymocyte populations were inoculated with HIV-1, including unfractionated (UF), CD3- CD4- CD8- ["triple negative" (TN)], CD4+ CD8+ ["double positive" (DP)] thymocytes, and thymocyte populations obtained by limited dilution cloning. Cultures were studied for the presence of HIV-1 DNA by polymerase chain reaction in addition to examination for reverse transcriptase activity. We determined that transformed T-cell and thymocyte cell lines completely lacking CD4 were not susceptible to infection by HIV-1, whereas all of the following lines were: UF thymocytes (70-90% CD4hi+); DP thymocytes (99% CD4hi+); TN thymocytes (0% CD4hi+); and TCR alpha beta +, TCR gamma delta +, or CD16+ CD3- (natural killer) thymocyte clones expressing variable levels of CD4 and representing the progeny of TN thymocytes. [TCR alpha beta + and TCR gamma delta + refer to the chains of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), and CD4hi refers to a strong rightward shift (greater than 30 linear channels) of the CD4 curve on flow cytometric analysis compared with control.] Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD4 (T4a epitope) but not to CD3 (T3) were capable of blocking infection of mature and immature CD4hi+ thymocytes. Moreover, anti-CD4(T4a) mAbs also inhibited infection of CD4hi- TN thymocytes, indicating that these T-cell precursors--despite their apparent "triple negativity" (CD3- CD4hi- CD8-)--expressed sufficient CD4 molecules to become infected. Cell sorter analysis with a panel of CD4 mAbs demonstrated a mean shift of the mean fluorescence channel (MFC) with CD4 mAbs on TN thymocytes of 6 +/- 4 MFC units. Thus, intrathymic T-cell precursors and their progeny representing many stages of T-cell ontogeny are susceptible to infection by HIV-1, including early TN thymocytes, which express very low levels of CD4. Infection of multiple stages and multiple subsets of the T-cell lineage in man, mediated via the CD4 molecule, may explain the inability of the T-cell pool to regenerate in the setting of progressive HIV infection.
Principal states of polarisation: time domain measurementswith coherent optical pulse (1996)

The phenomenon of pulse splitting owing to fibre birefringence with polarisation mode coupling is studied experimentally. It is found that a sufficiently coherent optical pulse is split into two in spite of the effect of polarisation mode coupling. It is also confirmed experimentally that the pulse splitting is described by the principal states of polarisation.
Bleeding risk in patients using oral anticoagulants submitted to surgical procedures in dentistry: a systematic review protocol (2017)

CRD42017056986.
2DHOOF-2DPCA contour based optical flow algorithm for human activity recognition (2013)

A novel algorithm for human activity recognition is presented in this paper. This approach is based on a new 2D representation for the Histogram of Oriented Optical Flow (2DHOOF) describing the motion of the actor's contour, where one multi-layer 2D-histogram per video is constructed. Each histogram layer consists of 2D bins (layers) that represent different range of angles. Applying our 2DHOOF features descriptors on the actor's contour reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity since a sparse optical flow is calculated instead of dense optical flow. In addition, it is robust to variations in the background, actor's appearance, and imperfections in actor's contour. This new 2D representation allows the usage of the Two Dimensional Principle Component Analyses (2DPCA) which maintains the spatial relation of the motion, and provides further high accuracy and low computation complexity. Experimental results applied on the Weizmann and IXMAS datasets achieved the highest reported recognition accuracy and the fastest runtime compared to recent methods.
Formation of Lead Film by Electroless Plating. (1992)

The autocatalytic chemical deposition of lead has been achieved using titanium trichloride as the reducing agent. Lead film was deposited onto the non-conductive substrate to the intended thickness at a rate of 520 A /min. The optimum bath composition was ; lead chloride 0.04M, trisodium citrate 0.20`0.40M, disodium EDTA 0.08`0.16M, NTA 0.20M, and titanium trichloride 0.03`0.05M. The pH was 9.0 (adjusted with ammonia) and the temperature 60. Measurements of UV and visible absorption spectra revealed that NTA, EDTA and citric acid mainly formed complex salts withTi3 +, Pb2+ and Ti4+ respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal structure of the deposited film was not affected by bath composition and plating condition.
Nonlinear algebraic multigrid for constrained solid mechanics problems using Trilinos. (2006)

Abstract Not Provided
Interrelationships of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, intermediate filaments, and microtubules—a quadruple fluorescence labeling study (1992)

To study the interrelationships of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, we have developed a quadruple fluorescence labeling procedure to visualize all four structures in the same cell. We applied this approach to study cellular organization in control cells and in cells treated with the microtubule drugs vinblastine or taxol. Endoplasmic reticulum was visualized by staining glutaraldehyde-fixed cells with the dye 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide. After detergent permeabilization, triple immunofluorescence was carried out to specifically visualize mitochondria, vimentin intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Mitochondria in human fibroblasts were found to be highly elongated tubular structures (lengths up to greater than 50 microns), which in many cases were apparently fused to each other. Mitochondria were always observed to be associated with endoplasmic reticulum, although endoplasmic reticulum also existed independently. Intermediate filament distribution could not completely account for endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondrial distributions. Microtubules, however, always codistributed with these organelles. Microtubule depolymerization in vinblastine treated cells resulted in coaggregation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, and in the collapse of intermediate filaments. The spatial distributions of organelles compared with intermediate filaments were not identical, indicating that attachment of organelles to intermediate filaments was not responsible for organelle aggregation. Mitochondrial associations with endoplasmic reticulum, on the other hand, were retained, indicating this association was stable regardless of endoplasmic reticulum form or microtubules. In taxol-treated cells, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and intermediate filaments were all associated with taxol-stabilized microtubule bundles.
Stochastic dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber (1991)

We have investigated the statistical properties of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a single-mode optical fiber. Gain narrowing of the Stokes spectrum is observed as the input laser power is increased, and large stochastic fluctuations are observed in the Stokes output intensity. The experimental results can be described well by a theoretical model that includes the spontaneous nature of the initiation of SBS.