gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Tracker Based Display Calibration for Holographic Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display (2017)

A holographic display system is able to offer an immersive 3D experience with a controllable focus cue that matches the depth information of virtual content. Proper calibration of an OST-HMD must take into account the specific features of that HMD. Existing calibration methods, however, cannot fully capture the optical characteristics of holographic display systems. With the aid of tracking systems, it is possible to register rendered graphics with tracked objects in the real world, providing an augmented reality experience for the users. We propose a new calibration procedure to properly align the coordinate system of rendering with that of the tracker. In this paper, both internal and external tracking systems are studied; three models of the mapping from tracking space to display space are presented: isometric, affine and perspective transformation. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of our method. Additionally, in a novel approach, the implementation uses self localization and spatial mapping of the HMD with an external tracker to perform this calibration, eliminating the requirement for line of sight from the HMD to the object or tracker. Microsoft HoloLens is used as the holographic OST-HMD for our experiments. The experimental results indicate an accuracy of up to 4 mm in the average reprojection error for the general perspective case and similarly 4 mm in our objective evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first OST-HMD calibration method that takes the holographic nature of the display technology into account.
IGN004 is an antibody-interferon-alpha fusion protein against a novel tumor-associated antigen with both direct anti-tumor and immunostimulatory effects (2015)

Meeting abstracts Antibody-interferon-alpha (IFNα) fusion proteins represent a cancer therapeutic with properties of an antibody-drug conjugate and an immunotherapy, having both direct anti-tumor and immune-activating effects. We report the anti-tumor activity of IGN004, an antibody-IFNα fusion
Photochromic ultraviolet light sensor and applications (1998)

The need for a small, low cost, simple, personal UVR detector has been motivated by the growing concerns about adverse health effects induced by UV radiation. SolarTech Enterprises, LLC has developed several such photochromic detectors for UV radiation detection. Broadband detectors (290nm to 400nm) and wavelength specific detectors for UVB and UVA regions of the spectrum have all been developed by SolarTech.
Compilation of Weighted Finite-State Transducers from Decision Trees (1996)

We report on a method for compiling decision trees into weighted finite-state transducers. The key assumptions are that the tree predictions specify how to rewrite symbols from an input string, and the decision at each tree node is stateable in terms of regular expressions on the input string. Each leaf node can then be treated as a separate rule where the left and right contexts are constructable from the decisions made traversing the tree from the root to the leaf. These rules are compiled into transducers using the weighted rewrite-rule rule-compilation algorithm described in (Mohri and Sproat, 1996).
Automatic segmentation of right ventricular ultrasound images using sparse matrix transform and a level set (2013)

An automatic segmentation framework is proposed to segment the right ventricle (RV) in echocardiographic images. The method can automatically segment both epicardial and endocardial boundaries from a continuous echocardiography series by combining sparse matrix transform, a training model, and a localized region-based level set. First, the sparse matrix transform extracts main motion regions of the myocardium as eigen-images by analyzing the statistical information of the images. Second, an RV training model is registered to the eigen-images in order to locate the position of the RV. Third, the training model is adjusted and then serves as an optimized initialization for the segmentation of each image. Finally, based on the initializations, a localized, region-based level set algorithm is applied to segment both epicardial and endocardial boundaries in each echocardiograph. Three evaluation methods were used to validate the performance of the segmentation framework. The Dice coefficient measures the overall agreement between the manual and automatic segmentation. The absolute distance and the Hausdorff distance between the boundaries from manual and automatic segmentation were used to measure the accuracy of the segmentation. Ultrasound images of human subjects were used for validation. For the epicardial and endocardial boundaries, the Dice coefficients were 90.8 ± 1.7% and 87.3 ± 1.9%, the absolute distances were 2.0 ± 0.42 mm and 1.79 ± 0.45 mm, and the Hausdorff distances were 6.86 ± 1.71 mm and 7.02 ± 1.17 mm, respectively. The automatic segmentation method based on a sparse matrix transform and level set can provide a useful tool for quantitative cardiac imaging.
Quantitative weak phase approximation analysis of quantitative phase imaging based on asymmetric illumination (2021)

Partial coherent imaging, which provides high robustness and twice the imaging resolution of the coherent diffraction limit, has become a hot research method in quantitative phase imaging. Asymmetric illumination is one of the most common methods to generate phase contrast for weakly absorbed samples. By establishing a strict intensity-phase model, the quantitative phase distribution of the sample is then obtained by inverse algorithm. In order to linearize the imaging process, weak phase approximation, which imposes restrictions of small value phase on sample, is introduced into the partially coherent imaging model to separate the sample absorption and phase. However, the weak phase approximation introduces an uncertain phase loss in quantitative phase imaging, especially for samples with a large phase. In this paper, we investigate the quantitative definition weak phase approximation for partial coherent quantitative phase imaging under asymmetric illumination by simulations. According to the simulation results, we find that the reconstruction accuracy of the weak phase approximation is not only determined by the absolute phase value of the sample, but also a effected by the illumination aperture. Furthermore, a quantitative definition of the weak phase approximation is given to provide a basis for the phase reconstruction accuracy for quantitative phase imaging based on asymmetric illumination.
Simulation of Thickness of Electrodeposition Coating. (2002)

An electric current distribution analysis program, “Electroplating Pilot System” (EPPS), was developed, and has been sold. As an expansion of EPPS, a new program using the Finite Element Method (FEM) that allows users to calculate thickness distribution of electrodeposition coating was developed. By introducing new paint parameters for thickness calculation that considered special characteristics of electrodeposition coatings, actual thickness calculation precision was obtained. The experiment method to obtain paint parameters and parameter determination methods based on experimental measured data were indicated. Also, constant voltage coating testing on flat plates and calculated results of the testing were compared. Both total current and thickness matched well at each time frame.
Codon Optimization of Gene Fragments Encoding <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Merzoite Proteins Enhances DNA Vaccine Protein Expression and Immunogenicity in Mice (2001)

In contrast to conventional vaccines, DNA and other subunit vaccines exclusively utilize host cell molecules for transcription and translation of proteins. The adenine plus thymine content of Plasmodium falciparum gene sequences (approximately 80%) is much greater than that of Homo sapiens (approximately 59%); consequently, codon usage is markedly different. We hypothesized that modifying codon usage of P. falciparum genes encoded by DNA vaccines from that used by the parasite to those resembling mammalian codon usage would lead to increased P. falciparum protein expression in vitro in mouse cells and increased antibody responses in DNA-vaccinated mice. We synthesized gene fragments encoding the receptor-binding domain of the 175-kDa P. falciparum erythrocyte-binding protein (EBA-175 region II) and the 42-kDa C-terminal processed fragment of the P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(42)) using the most frequently occurring codon in mammals to code for each amino acid, and inserted the synthetic genes in DNA vaccine plasmids. In in vitro transient-expression assays, plasmids containing codon-optimized synthetic gene fragments (pS plasmids) showed greater than fourfold increased protein expression in mouse cells compared to those containing native gene fragments (pN plasmids). In mice immunized with 0.5, 5.0, or 50 microg of the DNA plasmids, the dose of DNA required to induce equivalent antibody titers was 10- to 100-fold lower for pS than for pN plasmids. These data demonstrate that optimizing codon usage in DNA vaccines can improve protein expression and consequently the immunogenicity of gene fragments in DNA vaccines for organisms whose codon usage differs substantially from that of mammals.
Apoptosis in glucocorticoid-induced bone disease (2005)

Purpose of review Glucocorticoid-induced bone disease may be mediated by direct actions on bone cells, actions on extraskeletal tissues, or both. This review examines recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Recent findings Current evidence indicates that glucocorticoid-induced bone disease is due to suppression of the birth of osteoblast and osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow, increased apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes and prolongation of the lifespan of osteoclasts. In addition, glucocorticoid-induced fractures as well as osteonecrosis of the hip may be due to osteocyte apoptosis. Summary Excess glucocorticoids directly affect the lifespan of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Furthermore, glucocorticoid-induced loss of bone strength results in part from increased death of osteocytes, independent of bone loss. Treatment of glucocorticoid-induced bone disease with bisphosphonates or intermittent injections of parathyroid hormone is effective, perhaps partly because it prevents osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis.
Yb<sup>3+</sup>doped ribbon fiber for high-average power lasers and amplifiers (2014)

Diffraction-limited high power lasers in the region of 10s of kW to greater than 100 kW are needed for defense, manufacturing and future science applications. A balance of thermal lensing and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) for narrowband amplifiers and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) for broadband amplifiers is likely to limit the average power of circular core fiber amplifiers to 2 kW (narrowband) or 36 kW (broadband). A ribbon fiber, which has a rectangular core, operating in a high order mode can overcome these obstacles by increasing mode area without becoming thermal lens limited and without the on-axis intensity peak associated with circular high order modes. High order ribbon fiber modes can also be converted to a fundamental Gaussian mode with high efficiency for applications in which this is necessary. We present an Yb-doped, air clad, optical fiber having an elongated, ribbon-like core having an effective mode area of area of 600 μm² and an aspect ratio of 13:1. As an amplifier, the fiber produced 50% slope efficiency and a seed-limited power of 10.5 W, a gain of 24 dB. As an oscillator, the fiber produced multimode power above 40 W with 71% slope efficiency and single mode power above 5 W with 44% slope efficiency. The multimode M2 beam quality factor of the fiber was 1.6 in the narrow dimension and 15 in the wide dimension.
Scaling up parallel GC work-stealing in many-core environments (2019)

Parallel copying garbage collection (GC) is widely used in the de facto Java virtual machines such as OpenJDK and OpenJ9. OpenJDK uses work-stealing for copying objects in the Parallel GC and Garbage-First (G1) GC policies to balance the copying task among GC threads. When a thread has no task in its own queue, it tries to steal a task from another thread's queue as a thief. When a thief succeeds in stealing a task, it processes the task and enqueues the children of the task into its queue, which is accessible from other thieves.Unfortunately, the overhead of the work-stealing framework becomes non-negligible when we aim to achieve a minimum GC pause time by increasing the number of GC threads. Since the number of tasks processed per thread decreases, thieves frequently try to steal tasks from others at a low success rate. When a thief fails in steals continuously, it needs to wait in a spin loop on the termination protocol of the work-stealing framework. Spinning in a loop frequently results in high CPU utilization, which is not acceptable in a large-scale data center where severe power management is required. This paper proposes two approaches named steal-best-of-many selection and spin-less termination to reduce the overhead in the work-stealing framework. Steal-best-of-many selection reduces steal failures by changing the number of queue selections to steal in accordance with the number of GC threads. Spin-less termination moves a part of the object copies into a spin loop by changing the procedure of copying GC. It reduces part of the GC pause time for the object copy as well as the CPU utilization for the spin loop. We developed a prototype on OpenJDK8 and evaluated it using SPECjbb2015 and SPECjvm2008 benchmarks. Critical-jOPS performance of SPECjbb2015 improved by 18% at maximum and scores of the SPECjvm2008 benchmarks improved by 1-5%.
GLNet: Global Local Network for Weakly Supervised Action Localization (2019)

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of weakly supervised spatio-temporal action localization for which only video-level action labels are available during training. To solve this problem, we propose an end-to-end Global Local Network (GLNet) to predict the probability distribution simultaneously in both spatial and temporal space. The proposed GLNet model includes two key components: a local spatial module and a global temporal module. The local spatial module aims to predict the frame-level spatial distribution by encoding short-term temporal information. In particular, we propose a Region Actionness Network (RAN) to select the target region boxes from the precomputed exhaustive proposals. The global temporal module can predict temporal distribution by a long-term temporal structure modelling. Specifically, we design a temporal fusion-and-excitation architecture on the top of several clips, and trained by a sparse loss function. Therefore, the proposed GLNet model can perform spatio-temporal action localization in an end-to-end manner. We evaluate the performance of GLNet on the J-HMDB and UCF101-24 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate GLNet achieves a significant margin against other state-of-the-art weakly supervised methods and even some fully supervised methods in terms of frame mean Average Precision (mAP) and the video mAP (called frame-mAP and video-mAP, respectively).
Development of New Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Nanoimprinting Technique (2006)

A new localized surface plasmon resonance sensor fabricated by the nanoimprinting technique is presented. Nanoimprinting, one of the most important nanofabrication technologies, can produce stable nanopatterns on a substrate with high throughput. In this study, we apply this technique to the preparation of sensor chips for a low-cost and reliable biosensor. The optimal cross-sectional structure of the sensor chip was calculated by a two-dimensional finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method. The sensor chip with the optimized structure was fabricated by nanoimprinting of the nanopatterned metal mold onto a UV-curable resin and subsequent sputtering of a thin gold film. Using this fabrication process, an extremely large number of sensor chips can easily be produced from a single metal mold with high accuracy and reproducibility. The characteristics of the fabricated sensor chips were evaluated by measuring their absorption spectra. The absorption peak due to the localized SPR could be observed, which was almost consistent with the simulation result. The sensitivity of this sensor chip was confirmed to be comparable with that of the standard localized SPR sensor under development. The low-cost, stable, high-sensitivity biosensors that can be constructed by the present process will generate practical protein chips and point-of-care chips, which are expected to become key diagnosis tools in the future
Rapid mesoscale multiphoton microscopy of human skin (2016)

We present a multiphoton microscope designed for mesoscale imaging of human skin. The system is based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation, and images areas of ~0.8x0.8 mm<sup>2</sup> at speeds of 0.8 fps (800x800 pixels; 12 frame averages) for high signal-to-noise ratio, with lateral and axial resolutions of 0.5µm and 3.3µm, respectively. The main novelty of this instrument is the design of the scan head, which includes a fast galvanometric scanner, optimized relay optics, a beam expander and high NA objective lens. Computed aberrations in focus are below the Marechal criterion of 0.07λ rms for diffraction-limited performance. We demonstrate the practical utility of this microscope by <i>ex-vivo</i> imaging of wide areas in normal human skin.
DNA Nanotechnology for Nucleic Acid Analysis: DX Motif‐Based Sensor (2011)

A light on the tiles: A sensor that fluoresces in the presence of specific nucleic acids was designed and characterized. The sensor uses a molecular beacon probe and three adaptor strands to form a five-stranded assembly, a DX-tile, with a specific analyte. This sensor is a highly selective and affordable tool for the real-time analysis of DNA and RNA.
Conformationally Restricted Dipeptide Amides as Potent and Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors (2006)

Four new conformationally restricted analogues of a potent and selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, l-nitroargininyl-l-2,4-diaminobutyramide (1), have been synthesized. N(alpha)-Methyl and N(alpha)-benzyl derivatives (3 and 4, respectively) of 4-N-(l-Arg(NO(2))-trans-4-amino-l-prolineamide (2) are also selective inhibitors, but the potency and selectivity of 3 are weak. Analogue 4 has only one-third the potency and one-half to one-third the selectivity of 2 against iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), respectively. 3-N-(l-Arg(NO)(2))-trans-3-amino-l-prolineamide (6) is as potent an inhibitor of nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) as 2; selectivity for nNOS over iNOS is half of that for 2, but the selectivity for nNOS over eNOS is almost double that for 2. The corresponding cis-isomer (5) is a weak inhibitor of nNOS. These results are supported by computer modeling.
Experimental Pathogenesis for Chickens, Turkeys, and Pigeons of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from an Outbreak in California during 2002-2003 (2006)

Exotic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens during the 2002-2003 California outbreak (CA exotic Newcastle disease [END] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens, 3-week-old SPF Beltsville White turkeys, 6-week-old commercial Broad Breasted White turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of tissues. Tissues were examined by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry to detect viral nucleoprotein, and by in situ hybridization to detect viral mRNA. Clinically, infected chickens and SPF turkeys showed severe depression, and all died or were euthanized because of severe clinical signs by day 5 postinoculation. In these birds, histologic lesions were widespread and virus was detected in multiple organs. All infected commercial turkeys showed mild depression, and incoordination was observed in some birds. Histologic lesions were mild, and viral distribution was limited. In pigeons, only 1 bird showed overt clinical disease, and histologic lesions and viral distribution were present in limited organs. Consequently, susceptibility to highly virulent NDV was shown to vary among chickens, SPF turkeys, commercial turkeys, and pigeons. Additionally, we have evidence of CA END virus subclinical infections that suggest pigeons could be subclinical carriers of other virulent NDV.
Intelligent Computerized Training System (1991)

Intelligent computer-aided training system gives trainees same experience gained from best on-the-job training. Automated system designed to emulate behavior of experienced teacher devoting full time and attention to training novice. Proposes challenging training scenarios, monitors and evaluates trainee's actions, makes meaningful comments in response to errors, reponds to requests for information, gives hints when appropriate, and remembers strengths and weaknesses so it designs suitable exercises. Used to train flight-dynamics officers in deploying satellites from Space Shuttle. Adapted to training for variety of tasks and situations, simply by modifying one or at most two of its five modules. Helps to ensure continuous supply of trained specialists despite scarcity of experienced and skilled human trainers.
Polyethylene Glycol Propionaldehydes (1992)

New class of compounds derived from polyethylene glycol (PEG's) namely, PEG-propionaldehydes, offers two important advantages over other classes of PEG aldehyde derivatives: compounds exhibit selective chemical reactivity toward amino groups and are stable in aqueous environment. PEG's and derivatives used to couple variety of other molecules, such as, to tether protein molecules to surfaces. Biotechnical and biomedical applications include partitioning of two phases in aqueous media; immobilization of such proteins as enzymes, antibodies, and antigens; modification of drugs; and preparation of protein-rejecting surfaces. In addition, surfaces coated with PEG's and derivatives used to control wetting and electroosmosis. Another potential application, coupling to aminated surfaces.
Design of a mid-IR active imaging system for gas detection using a pulsed laser source (1996)

Summary form only given. Backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) is a remote sensing technique that uses active imaging to generate real-time video images of chemical vapor plumes. As such, BAGI represents a fusion between absorptive chemical detection LIDAR and imaging laser radar. Plume imaging occurs when a gas that can absorb light at the laser wavelength enters the system field-of-view, thereby attenuating the scene backscatter and causing a cloud image.
On the dosimetric effect and reduction of inverse consistency and transitivity errors in deformable image registration for dose accumulation (2011)

This study shows that inverse consistency and transitivity errors in DIR have a significant dosimetric effect in dose accumulation; Depending on the image pathway taken to accumulate the dose, different results may be obtained. A postprocessing technique that reduces inverse consistency and transitivity error is presented, which allows for consistent dose accumulation regardless of the image pathway followed.