gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxide-Stable Ionenes (2014)

In the pursuit of stable, hydroxide ion-exchange ionomers and solid polymer electrolytes for fuel cells and electrolyzers, we present a novel, sterically C2-protected poly(benzimidazole) derivative incorporating a hexamethyl-<i>p</i>-terphenylene group. Using a new, scalable, and air-insensitive methylation procedure, <i>N</i>-methylation of the polymer is controlled to yield an unprecedented hydroxide-stable, methanol-soluble, and water-insoluble poly(benzimidazolium) ionene. This original polymer is also soluble in aqueous ethanol, which makes it suitable for use as a processable ionomer for catalyst layers. The water uptake and ionic conductivity is correlated to the degree of methylation. The anionic conductivity reached 9.7 ± 0.6 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> for polymers with a 92% degree of methylation. Additionally, the hexamethyl-<i>p</i>-terphenylene unit shows interesting atropisomerism, which may influence their physical properties.
Noninvasive detection of broken rotor bars in operating induction motors (1988)

A description is given of a computer-based noninvasive broken bar fault detector for squirrel-cage rotors of induction motors. The detector can be applied to existing motors without disassembly or shutdown and has the sensitivity to diagnose the presence of a single broken bar or an open end ring. It is suitable for monitoring the trend of the motor signature, or it can be used as a one-time diagnostic tool.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Degenerate type I nanosecond optical parametric oscillators (2003)

We present numerical modeling and laboratory studies of degenerate type I nanosecond optical parametric oscillators. Because the signal and idler waves are identical and parametric gain is phase sensitive, their round-trip phase is a critical parameter. We show that signal spectrum, transverse mode, and conversion efficiency are all strongly influenced by this phase. We also examine the influence of signal-wave injection seeding and phase-velocity mismatch.
<title>Double-stream cyclotron maser</title> (1992)

The double stream cyclotron maser is a novel source of millimeter wavelength radiation in which two copropagating electron beams are caused to gyrate in a uniform axial magnetic field. The interaction of the slow cyclotron space charge wave on one beam with the fast cyclotron space charge wave on the other beam leads to high frequency bunching. The desired operating frequency is proportional to the electron cyclotron frequency (or a harmonic thereof) and inversely proportional to the difference in beam velocities, and can be achieved at low beam energies and axial magnetic fields. The linear instability growth rate is calculated from the fully relativistic Vlasov equation for the case of cold electron beams.
Molecularly imprinted composite materials via iniferter-modified supports (2002)

Wide pore silica (DP = 100 nm) and gel-type or macroporous (12% nominal crosslinking density) Merrifield resins were modified with iniferter groups for grafting of crosslinked molecularly imprinted or non-imprinted polymer layers through quasi-living polymerisation. Prior to iniferter coupling, the silica supports were premodified by silanisation with p-(chloromethyl)phenyl trimethoxysilane. The iniferter groups were then introduced by reacting the resin-bound chloromethyl groups with sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate. It was shown that the coupling yield, measured as the conversion of the chloromethyl groups, could be varied between 5 and 85% through kinetic control, with the fastest conversions observed for the macroporous resins. This allows the density of radical generating groups to be finely adjusted. Ultraviolet light-initiated copolymerisations of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate and methacrylic acid in toluene resulted in grafting of 0.2–1.9 g of polymer per gram of support, where the grafted amount increased with reaction time, iniferter content and monomer concentration. The dry-state texture of the composite beads prepared from the gel-type resin depended strongly on the amount of grafted polymer. According to the scanning electron micrographs, the beads with the lower grafted amounts (0.4 g polymer per g support) were deformed exhibiting a peculiar folded structure, whereas the beads containing more grafted polymer (1.6 g polymer per g support) were spherical, with an appearance similar to the precursor particles. None of these materials exhibited permanent porosity. Only the composites obtained from the porous precursor particles also exhibited porosity after grafting. Among these, the silica-based composites also showed recognition for their templates when assessed in the chromatographic mode, whereas no imprinting effects could be demonstrated for the polystyrene-supported materials.
Direct Targeting of the Mucin 1 Oncoprotein Blocks Survival and Tumorigenicity of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells (2009)

The mucin 1 (MUC1) oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed by approximately 90% of human breast cancers. However, there are no effective agents that directly inhibit MUC1 and induce death of breast cancer cells. We have synthesized a MUC1 inhibitor (called GO-201) that binds to the MUC1 cytoplasmic domain and blocks the formation of MUC1 oligomers in cells. GO-201, and not an altered version, attenuates targeting of MUC1 to the nucleus of human breast cancer cells, disrupts redox balance, and activates the DNA damage response. GO-201 also arrests growth and induces necrotic death. By contrast, the MUC1 inhibitor has no effect on cells null for MUC1 expression or nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells. Administration of GO-201 to nude mice bearing human breast tumor xenografts was associated with loss of tumorigenicity and extensive necrosis, which results in prolonged regression of tumor growth. These findings show that targeting the MUC1 oncoprotein is effective in inducing death of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in tumor models.
Design of an Injectable β‐Hairpin Peptide Hydrogel That Kills Methicillin‐Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

A peptide-based, injectable hydrogel is designed that is inherently antibacterial and can kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on contact. Peptide gels can be used as coatings to inhibit MRSA infection or syringe-delivered to a contaminated surface where the gel kills MRSA on contact.
Exceptionally large third-order optical nonlinearity of the organic charge-transfer complex (1989)

The organic charge-transfer (CT) complexes that have a mixed-stack structure, in which organic electron donors and electron acceptors stack alternately plane to plane, such as perylene/tetracyanoethylene, showed larger third-harmonic generation than poly-(2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-diol-bis(p-toluenesulfonate), which is known as one of the best organic third-order nonlinear-optical materials. The component molecules of the complexes did not show much optical nonlinearity. The optical nonlinearity is large near the CT absorption-band wavelength along the CT axis, which means that the supramolecular electronic polarization along the CT axis is a novel and efficient origin of third-order optical nonlinearity.
Clinical feasibility of rapid confocal melanoma feature detection (2010)

In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy shows promise for the early detection of malignant melanoma. One diagnostic trait of malignancy is the presence of pagetoid melanocytes in the epidermis. For automated detection of MM, this feature must be identified quantitatively through software. Beginning with in vivo, noninvasive confocal images from 10 unequivocal MMs and benign nevi, we developed a pattern recognition algorithm that automatically identified pagetoid melanocytes in all four MMs and identified none in five benign nevi. One data set was discarded due to artifacts caused by patient movement. With future work to bring the performance of this pattern recognition technique to the level of the clinicians on difficult lesions, melanoma diagnosis could be brought to primary care facilities and save many lives by improving early diagnosis.
Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Human-Bovine (WC3) Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine at the End of Shelf Life (2007)

This pentavalent human-bovine rotavirus vaccine was generally well tolerated, efficacious, and immunogenic at the end of shelf life.
Fabrication and Characterization of Planarized Carbon Nanotube Via Interconnects (2012)

We fabricate planarized carbon nanotube (CNT) via interconnects using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The selective growth of CNT bundles in via holes and the filling of spin-on-glass into the space among the CNTs are performed, followed by a CMP process. The via resistance is reduced by post-CMP treatment and post-annealing due to the improvement in the top contact formation. The measured CNT via resistance is higher than the CNT bundle resistance estimated from the measured resistance of an individual CNT. This indicates that contact resistance is higher than the CNT resistance in the CNT via interconnect.
Intracavity Sum-Frequency Generation in a Doubly Resonant Ti: Sapphire Laser (1993)

Sum frequency generation at 459 nm is demonstrated in a dual-wavelength coupled- cavity Ti:sapphire laser operating simultaneously at 808 nm and 1.06 µ. Enhanced operation of the Ti:sapphire laser at 1.06 µ is provided by a diode-pumped Nd:YAG active mirror. Comparable intracavity fluence at both wavelengths is produced, and 109 mW at 459 nm was generated with an intracavity KTP crystal. The conversion efficiency is 16% and the linewidth was less than 1 pm.
Isolation, Structure, and Synthesis of Combretastatins A-1 and B-1, Potent New Inhibitors of Microtubule Assembly, Derived from Combretum caffrum (1987)

The principal antineoplastic constituent of the South African tree Combretum caffrum has been isolated and designated combretastatin A-1. The structure of this new cis-stilbene was unequivocally established by X-ray crystal structure determination and total synthesis. A Wittig reaction sequence in THF comprised the synthetic key step (92.5% yield) and provided a very favorable 9:1 ratio of the cis:trans [1c:2c, geometrical isomers]. Selective hydrogenation of combretastatin A-1 afforded combretastatin B-1, a companion cell growth inhibitory constituent of C. caffrum. Combretastatin A-1 provided 26-29% life extension at 2.75-11 mg/kg dose levels with ED50 0.99 microgram/ml against the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in vivo and in vitro systems. Both combretastatin A-1 and combretastatin B-1 are potent inhibitors of microtubule assembly in vitro and among the most potent inhibitors of the binding of colchicine to tubulin yet described. The structural simplicity and ready synthesis of combretastatin A-1 and combretastatin B-1 suggest that these new biosynthetic products will become useful in a variety of biological endeavors.
Efficient Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells via Controllable Crystallization Film Morphology (2015)

Perovskite hybrid solar cells (pero-HSCs) have attracted significant attention due to their promising photovoltaic efficiency, solution processibility, and low-cost manufacturing process. In this study, we report efficient solution-processed planar heterojunction (PHJ) pero-HSCs. By fine-tuning the film formation procedures, uniform perovskite thin films with high surface coverage and superior optical and electrical properties are produced, which results in over 14% efficiency. These results demonstrate that the quality of perovskite thin films plays an important role in approaching efficient solution-processed PHJ pero-HSCs.
Visualizing sequential patterns for text mining (2002)

A sequential pattern in data mining is a finite series of elements such as A/spl rarr/B/spl rarr/C/spl rarr/D where A, B, C, and D are elements of the same domain. The mining of sequential patterns is designed to find patterns of discrete events that frequently happen in the same arrangement along a timeline. Like association and clustering, the mining of sequential patterns is among the most popular knowledge discovery techniques that apply statistical measures to extract useful information from large datasets. As out computers become more powerful, we are able to mine bigger datasets and obtain hundreds of thousands of sequential patterns in full detail. With this vast amount of data, we argue that neither data mining nor visualization by itself can manage the information and reflect the knowledge effectively. Subsequently, we apply visualization to augment data mining in a study of sequential patterns in large text corpora. The result shows that we can learn more and more quickly in an integrated visual data-mining environment.
On the Controllability and Observability of Temperature States in Metal Powder Bed Fusion (2022)

Abstract Powder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process that builds parts in a layer-by-layer fashion out of a bed of metal powder via the selective melting action of a laser or electron beam heat source. Despite its transformational manufacturing capabilities, PBF is currently controlled in the open loop and there is significant demand to apply closed-loop process monitoring and control to the thermal management problem. This paper introduces a controls theoretic analysis of the controllability and observability of temperature states in PBF. The main contributions of the paper are proofs that certain configurations of PBF are classically controllable and observable, but that these configurations are not strongly structurally controllable and observable. These results are complemented by case studies, demonstrating the energy requirement of state estimation under various, industry relevant PBF configurations. These fundamental characterizations of controllability and observability provide a basis for realizing closed-loop PBF temperature estimation.
All-memristive neuromorphic computing with level-tuned neurons (2016)

In the new era of cognitive computing, systems will be able to learn and interact with the environment in ways that will drastically enhance the capabilities of current processors, especially in extracting knowledge from vast amount of data obtained from many sources. Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing systems increasingly attract research interest as an alternative to the classical von Neumann processor architecture, mainly because of the coexistence of memory and processing units. In these systems, the basic components are neurons interconnected by synapses. The neurons, based on their nonlinear dynamics, generate spikes that provide the main communication mechanism. The computational tasks are distributed across the neural network, where synapses implement both the memory and the computational units, by means of learning mechanisms such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity. In this work, we present an all-memristive neuromorphic architecture comprising neurons and synapses realized by using the physical properties and state dynamics of phase-change memristors. The architecture employs a novel concept of interconnecting the neurons in the same layer, resulting in level-tuned neuronal characteristics that preferentially process input information. We demonstrate the proposed architecture in the tasks of unsupervised learning and detection of multiple temporal correlations in parallel input streams. The efficiency of the neuromorphic architecture along with the homogenous neuro-synaptic dynamics implemented with nanoscale phase-change memristors represent a significant step towards the development of ultrahigh-density neuromorphic co-processors.
Effector membrane translocation biosensors reveal G protein and βarrestin coupling profiles of 100 therapeutically relevant GPCRs (2022)

The recognition that individual GPCRs can activate multiple signaling pathways has raised the possibility of developing drugs selectively targeting therapeutically relevant ones. This requires tools to determine which G proteins and βarrestins are activated by a given receptor. Here, we present a set of BRET sensors monitoring the activation of the 12 G protein subtypes based on the translocation of their effectors to the plasma membrane (EMTA). Unlike most of the existing detection systems, EMTA does not require modification of receptors or G proteins (except for G<sub>s</sub>). EMTA was found to be suitable for the detection of constitutive activity, inverse agonism, biased signaling and polypharmacology. Profiling of 100 therapeutically relevant human GPCRs resulted in 1500 pathway-specific concentration-response curves and revealed a great diversity of coupling profiles ranging from exquisite selectivity to broad promiscuity. Overall, this work describes unique resources for studying the complexities underlying GPCR signaling and pharmacology.
High Performance Bottom Gate TFTs by Excimer Laser Crystallization and Post Hydrogenation (1995)

Small grain poly-Si has defects of the order of 10 18 to 10 19 spins/cm 3 . Hydrogen is generally used to terminate these defects, which is introduced from a hydrogen plasma. Damage caused by UV emitted from the plasma glow discharge was identified as one of the causes limiting the quality of the bottom gate thin film transistor (TFT) devices. The effect of UV on the TFT transfer characteristics was studied. ESR was used to measure the change in the poly-Si dangling bond density as a result of UV irradiation. It was confirmed that plasma UV creates damage in the poly-Si. A combination of plasma hydrogenation and SiN x : H passivation and thermal annealing was found to be particularly effective in reducing the defect density by reconstruction of dangling bonds and redistribution of hydrogen without hydrogen loss. The excellent characteristics obtained using this hydrogenation method are presented.
Image Compression Based on Compressive Sensing: End-to-End Comparison with JPEG (2017)

We present an end-to-end image compression system based on compressive sensing. The presented system integrates the conventional scheme of compressive sampling and reconstruction with quantization and entropy coding. The compression performance, in terms of decoded image quality versus data rate, is shown to be comparable with JPEG and significantly better at the low rate range. We study the parameters that influence the system performance, including (i) the choice of sensing matrix, (ii) the trade-off between quantization and compression ratio, and (iii) the reconstruction algorithms. We propose an effective method to jointly control the quantization step and compression ratio in order to achieve near optimal quality at any given bit rate. Furthermore, our proposed image compression system can be directly used in the compressive sensing camera, e.g. the single pixel camera, to construct a hardware compressive sampling system.
Prostate vibro-elastography: Multi-frequency 1D over 3D steady-state shear wave imaging for quantitative elastic modulus measurement (2015)

Background, Motivation and Objective: This article describes a state of the art ultrasound system that is used to quantify tissue elasticity of the prostate. Statement of Contribution/Methods: The system involves the measurement of the steady-state multi-frequency response of tissue to transperineal excitation while imaging the gland using the sagittal array of the BK Medical 8848 trans-rectal ultrasound transducer. A roll motor rotates the transducer in discrete steps to create a volume sector of images. GPU Processing of raw in-phase/quadrature data streamed from the ultrasound machine is used to measure the axial (radial) spatial distribution of tissue motion and compute displacement phasors. Bandpass sampling is used to perform the reconstruction since the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate. Finally, a local frequency estimator is used to compute the Youngs Modulus from the three dimensional local spatial wavelengths of the shear wave that is created at each of the excitation frequencies. Results/Discussion: The system has been used in several clinical studies but its design and function has not been published before. Some of the study results have been published and include an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.820.01 with regards to prostate cancer identification in the peripheral zone. The accuracy of the elastic modulus measurement was validated using a CIRS elastography phantom. Numerical and visual correlations between our elasticity measurements and pathology results demonstrate its clinical potential. The system has been expanded to a generic platform that can be used to provide real-time quantitative elasticity measurements in other organs.
Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Using Low Twist Nematic and Electrically Controlled Birefringence Modes by Photoalignment Technology (2009)

A new design of single cell gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using low twist nematic (LTN) and electricity controlled birefringence (ECB) modes has been proposed. The same cell gap is applied to both transmissive and reflective parts; therefore the fabrication process is simple. The two domains can be generated by photoalignment technology with two step exposure on one of the alignment layer. This configuration shows a high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response and high transmittance/reflectance. Also the fabrication process is easy.
Automated Removal of Stimulus Artifact in Nerve Conduction Studies (2006)

An algorithm for automated removal of stimulus artifact has been developed and tested on nerve conduction study data. The algorithm uses a hardware-based model of the stimulus artifact (SA). Model parameters are estimated from portions of the data that are judged to contain only the artifact. The model can be used to remove SA even when it is temporally overlapped with the nerve signal. Data are shown to demonstrate the algorithm's performance and to quantify the effect of SA removal on clinical parameters.
AWV: high-throughput cross-array cross-wafer variation mapping (2008)

Minute variations in advanced VLSI manufacturing processes are well known to significantly impact device performance and die yield. These variations drive the need for increased measurement sampling with a minimal impact on Fab productivity. Traditional discrete measurements such as CDSEM or OCD, provide, statistical information for process control and monitoring. Typically these measurements require a relatively long time and cover only a fraction of the wafer area. Across array across wafer variation mapping ( AWV) suggests a new approach for high throughput, full wafer process variation monitoring, using a DUV bright-field inspection tool. With this technique we present a full wafer scanning, visualizing the variation trends within a single die and across the wafer. The underlying principle of the AWV inspection method is to measure variations in the reflected light from periodic structures, under optimized illumination and collection conditions. Structural changes in the periodic array induce variations in the reflected light. This information is collected and analyzed in real time. In this paper we present AWV concept, measurements and simulation results. Experiments were performed using a DUV bright-field inspection tool (UVision<sup>(TM)</sup>, Applied Materials) on a memory short loop experiment (SLE), Focus Exposure Matrix (FEM) and normal wafers. AWV and CDSEM results are presented to reflect CD variations within a memory array and across wafers.
Wavelength and Pump Power Characterization of Low-phase-noise Kerr Frequency Comb Lines (2016)

We characterize a low-phase-noise Kerr frequency comb for carrying data channels. Results show pump wavelength detuning region grows slightly at higher pump power and the phase noise stays relatively unchanged over pump wavelength detuning region.