gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Spontaneous Calcium Spikes and Contraction in Isolated Portal Veins of Mice by Gingerols and Chemically Related Compounds (1988)

The suppression of spontaneous Ca2+ spikes and isometric contractions by gingerols and their chemically related compounds was examined using the single sucrose gap method. Most of the congeners tested suppressed spontaneous contraction, which was not necessarily accompanied by the suppression of Ca2+ spikes. The most potent analogues for Ca2+ spike suppression were (+/-)-[6]-gingerol (0.3 mM) and (+/-)-yakuchinone-A (0.3 mM). These compounds also strongly inhibited spontaneous contraction. In contrast, (+/-)-[8]-gingerol (0.3 mM) inhibited the contraction without changing the Ca2+ spikes. These results suggest that the inhibition of spontaneous contraction induced by (+/-)-[6]-gingerol, but not by (+/-)-[8]-gingerol, is due to the Ca2+ spike suppression.
The link between stress disorders and autonomic dysfunction in muscular dystrophy (2014)

Muscular dystrophy is a progressive disease of muscle weakness, muscle atrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Patients afflicted with muscular dystrophy exhibit autonomic dysfunction along with cognitive impairment, severe depression, sadness, and anxiety. Although the psychological aspects of cardiovascular disorders and stress disorders are well known, the physiological mechanism underlying this relationship is not well understood, particularly in muscular dystrophy. Therefore, the goal of this perspective is to highlight the importance of autonomic dysfunction and psychological stress disorders in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy. This article will for the first time-(i) outline autonomic mechanisms that are common to both psychological stress and cardiovascular disorders in muscular dystrophy; (ii) propose therapies that would improve behavioral and autonomic functions in muscular dystrophy.
Expression of cell cycle-associated proteins in human and rabbit corneal endothelium in situ. (1996)

The corneal endothelium of rabbits stained positively for cyclins D, E, and A and did not stain for Ki67, suggesting that, as in humans, rabbit corneal endothelium in vivo is arrested in G1-phase upstream from Ki67 synthesis. Cyclin E was located in the cytoplasm of rabbit cells, whereas it was found in the nucleus in human endothelium. The apparent difference in cellular distribution of cyclin E in these two species may be significant because this cyclin is active during the G1-/S-phase transition. It is possible that in situ human and rabbit corneal endothelial cells are arrested at different points within G1-phase and/or that the difference in relative proliferative capacity exhibited by the corneal endothelium in these two species may be caused by differences in their relative ability to overcome G1-phase arrest.
Analysis and Application of European Genetic Substructure Using 300 K SNP Information (2008)

European population genetic substructure was examined in a diverse set of >1,000 individuals of European descent, each genotyped with >300 K SNPs. Both STRUCTURE and principal component analyses (PCA) showed the largest division/principal component (PC) differentiated northern from southern European ancestry. A second PC further separated Italian, Spanish, and Greek individuals from those of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry as well as distinguishing among northern European populations. In separate analyses of northern European participants other substructure relationships were discerned showing a west to east gradient. Application of this substructure information was critical in examining a real dataset in whole genome association (WGA) analyses for rheumatoid arthritis in European Americans to reduce false positive signals. In addition, two sets of European substructure ancestry informative markers (ESAIMs) were identified that provide substantial substructure information. The results provide further insight into European population genetic substructure and show that this information can be used for improving error rates in association testing of candidate genes and in replication studies of WGA scans.
Electroporation of Mammalian Cells in a Microfluidic Channel with Geometric Variation (2006)

Electroporation has been widely used to load impermeant exogenous molecules into cells. Rapid electrical lysis based on electroporation has also been applied to analyze intracellular materials at single-cell level. There has been increasing demand to implement electroporation in a microfluidic format as a basic tool for applications ranging from screening of drugs and genes to studies of intracellular dynamics. In this report, we have developed a simple technique to electroporate mammalian cells with high throughput on a microfluidic platform. In our design, electroporation only happened in a defined section of a microfluidic channel due to the local field amplification by geometric variation. The time of exposure of the cells to this high field was determined by the velocity of the cells and the length of the section. The change in the cell morphology during electroporation was observed in real time. We determined that electroporation of Chinese hamster ovary cells occurred when the local field strength was increased to approximately 400 V/cm. The internalization of membrane-impermeant molecules (SYTOX green) with cell viability preserved was also carried out to demonstrate transient electropermeabilization. The influence of the operational parameters of the device on cell viability was determined. A large percentage of cells remained viable after electroporation when the parameters were tuned. We also studied rapid cell lysis when the field intensity was in the range of 600-1200 V/cm. The rupture of cell membrane happened within 30 ms when the field strength was 1200 V/cm. Given the simplicity, high throughput, and high compatibility with other devices, this microfluidic electroporation technique may increase the application of microfluidic systems in screening of drugs and biomolecules and chemical cytometry.
A massively asynchronous, parallel brain (2015)

Whether the visual brain uses a parallel or a serial, hierarchical, strategy to process visual signals, the end result appears to be that different attributes of the visual scene are perceived asynchronously--with colour leading form (orientation) by 40 ms and direction of motion by about 80 ms. Whatever the neural root of this asynchrony, it creates a problem that has not been properly addressed, namely how visual attributes that are perceived asynchronously over brief time windows after stimulus onset are bound together in the longer term to give us a unified experience of the visual world, in which all attributes are apparently seen in perfect registration. In this review, I suggest that there is no central neural clock in the (visual) brain that synchronizes the activity of different processing systems. More likely, activity in each of the parallel processing-perceptual systems of the visual brain is reset independently, making of the brain a massively asynchronous organ, just like the new generation of more efficient computers promise to be. Given the asynchronous operations of the brain, it is likely that the results of activities in the different processing-perceptual systems are not bound by physiological interactions between cells in the specialized visual areas, but post-perceptually, outside the visual brain.
Investigating the energy impact of Android smells (2017)

Android code smells are bad implementation practices within Android applications (or apps) that may lead to poor software quality. These code smells are known to degrade the performance of apps and to have an impact on energy consumption. However, few studies have assessed the positive impact on energy consumption when correcting code smells. In this paper, we therefore propose a tooled and reproducible approach, called HOT-PEPPER, to automatically correct code smells and evaluate their impact on energy consumption. Currently, HOT-PEPPER is able to automatically correct three types of Android-specific code smells: Internal Getter/Setter, Member Ignoring Method, and HashMap Usage. HOT-PEPPER derives four versions of the apps by correcting each detected smell independently, and all of them at once. HOT-PEPPER is able to report on the energy consumption of each app version with a single user scenario test. Our empirical study on five open-source Android apps shows that correcting the three aforementioned Android code smells effectively and significantly reduces the energy consumption of apps. In particular, we observed a global reduction in energy consumption by 4,83% in one app when the three code smells are corrected. We also take advantage of the flexibility of HOT-PEPPER to investigate the impact of three picture smells (bad picture format, compression, and bitmap format) in sample apps. We observed that the usage of optimised JPG pictures with the Android default bitmap format is the most energy efficient combination in Android apps. We believe that developers can benefit from our approach and results to guide their refactoring, and thus improve the energy consumption of their mobile apps.
Individual neural transfer function affects the prediction of subjective depth of focus (2018)

Attempts to accurately predict the depth of focus (DoF) based on objective metrics have failed so far. We investigated the effect of the individual neural transfer function (iNTF) on the quality of the prediction of the subjective DoF from objective wavefront measures. Subjective DoF was assessed in 22 participants using subjective through focus curves of visual acuity (VA). Objective defocus curves were calculated for visual Strehl metrics of the optical (VSOTFa) and the modulation transfer function as well as the point spread function. DoF was computed for residual lower order aberrations (rLoA) and incorporation of iNTF. Correlations between subjective and objective DoF did not reach significance, when a) standard metrics were used and b) rLoA were considered (r <sub>max</sub> = 0.33, p <sub>all</sub> > 0.05). By incorporating the iNTF of the individuals in the calculation of the objective DoF from the VSOTFa metric, a moderate statistically significant correlation was found (r = 0.43, p < 0.01, Pearson). The iNTF of the individual's eye is fundamental for the prediction of subjective DoF using the VSOTFa metric. Individualized predictions could aid future application in the correction of refractive errors like presbyopia using intraocular lenses.
Design and simulation of laser wakefield acceleration with external electron bunch injection in front of the laser pulse (2007)

In this article we present a theoretical investigation on an experimental design of a laser wakefield accelerator in which electron bunches from a photocathode radio frequency linac are injected into a capillary discharge plasma channel just in front of a few tens of terawatt drive laser pulse. The electron bunch, with a kinetic energy of 2.9 MeV and an energy chirp imposed by the linac, is magnetically compressed by a factor of 8 to a duration of 250 fs, and is magnetically focused into the plasma channel where it matches the spot size of the drive laser (≈30 μm). The dynamics of the bunch, starting from the photocathode, through the linac, along the beam transportation line, through the magnetic compressor, and its focusing into the plasma channel are comprehensively simulated with the general particle tracer code. Further, we use our three-dimensional numerical codes to calculate the laser wakefield and to determine and optimize the trapping and acceleration of the injected bunch in the wakefield. We show that, injecting a 5 pC electron bunch of 250 fs duration, the experiment should deliver an electron bunch of approximately 744 MeV energy, with 1.1% relative energy spread, and with an extremely short duration (6 fs), after acceleration in a 5.4 cm long plasma channel.
LncRNA NEAT1 promotes inflammatory response and induces corneal neovascularization (2018)

Human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) are implicated in corneal neovascularization (CRNV). The mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response in HCFs and the development of CRNV were explored in this study. Alkali burns were applied to the corneas of rats to establish a CRNV model. The expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)- activating protein (NKAP) were examined by quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) and Western blot methods, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used to stimulate HCFs for inflammatory response. The level of inflammation factors in HCF supernatant was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binding and interactions between NEAT1 and miRNA 1246 (miR-1246) were determined by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays in HCFs. Compared with the control group (n = 6), NEAT1 was upregulated in the corneas of the CRNV rat model (n = 6). The expression of NEAT1 in HCFs was upregulated by LPS. Downregulation of NEAT1 suppressed the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). NEAT1 could bind and interact with miR-1246. LPS regulated the expression of NKAP and NF-κB signaling via the NEAT1/miR-1246 pathway. Downregulation of NEAT1 in vivo inhibited CRNV progression in the CRNV rat model. The lncRNA NEAT1 induced secretion of inflammatory factors, mediated by NF-κB, by targeting miR-1246, thereby promoting CRNV progression.
ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF <i>AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA</i> SWINGLE LEAVE EXTRACT TO REDUCE FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND SPOILING BACTERIA (2009)

ABSTRACT The antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of methanolic extracts of Ailanthus altissima Swingle leaves were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was tested in vitro by agar disk diffusion method against 11 (six gram‐positive and five gram‐negative) foodborne bacteria. The methanol extract and its different polar subfractions inhibited significantly the growth of all six gram‐positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19116, ATCC 19118 and ATCC 19166), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and KCTC 1916) and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and two gram‐negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The zones of inhibition of methanol extract and its derived different polar subfractions against the tested bacteria were found in the 12.1–23.2 mm range and the minimum inhibitory concentration values were recorded between 62.5 and 500 µg/mL. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay. The free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was superior to all other fractions (IC 50 = 16.45 µg/mL) and was higher than synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (IC 50 = 18.27 µg/mL). Furthermore, the amount of total phenolic compounds was determined and its content in EtOAc fraction (12.25%) was the highest compared with other extract or fractions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The natural products derived from Ailanthus altissima Swingle may contribute to the development of new antimicrobial agents with potential applications in food industries as natural preservatives or flavoring agents to control foodborne pathogens. They can be used as growth inhibitors of Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , as well as some important foodborne pathogens and spoiling bacteria. The main reason for their suitability is their natural origin, which consumers find comforting and is beneficial for the environment, and the very low risk that pathogens will develop resistance to the mixture of components that make up the extracts with their apparent diversity of antibacterial mechanisms. These beneficial characteristics could increase food safety and shelf life.
<title>Integrating QoS and security functions in an IP-VPN gateway</title> (2001)

IP-based Virtual Private Network becomes more and more popular. It can not only reduce the enterprise communication cost but also increase the revenue of the service provider. The common IP-VPN application types include Intranet VPN, Extranet VPN, and remote access VPN. For the large IP-VPN market, some vendors develop dedicated IP-VPN devices; while some vendors add the VPN functions into their existing network equipment such as router, access gateway, etc. The functions in the IP-VPN device include security, QoS, and management. The common security functions supported are IPSec (IP Security), IKE (Internet Key Exchange), and Firewall. The QoS functions include bandwidth control and packet scheduling. In the management component, policy-based network management is under standardization in IETF. In this paper, we discuss issues on how to integrate the QoS and security functions in an IP-VPN Gateway. We propose three approaches to do this. They are (1) perform Qos first (2) perform IPSec first and (3) reserve fixed bandwidth for IPSec. We also compare the advantages and disadvantages of the three proposed approaches.
VARIATION IN THE LIFE-SPAN OF CLONES DERIVED FROM HUMAN DIPLOID CELL STRAINS (1974)

The doubling potential of several hundred clones derived from WI-38 and WI-26 cell cultures has been determined. Clones were isolated at various population doubling levels (PDLs) during the finite in vitro life-span of the mass (uncloned) cultures. In all cases, there was a large variation in population doubling potential (or life-span) among the clones isolated from a single mass culture. When clones were isolated from mass cultures which had undergone eight or nine population doublings, only about 50% of the clones were capable of more than eight population doublings. This percentage was further reduced when clones were isolated from mass cultures at higher PDLs. Mass cultures appear to be composed of two subpopulation classes: one with a low population doubling potential, and the other with a higher population doubling potential. Nevertheless, the highest doubling potential observed in clones isolated from any single culture was about the same as the doubling potential of the mass culture from which single cells were taken.
Water detection with segmentation guided dynamic texture recognition (2012)

This paper proposes a model for water detection in video sequences, which is a key asset of any robot operating in natural environments. By searching the visual input for the waters typically chaotic dynamic texture, the model is able to filter out the static background and even any dynamic object present in the scene. In this work, the waters signature is defined, mostly, in terms of an entropy measure computed from the optical flow obtained across several frames. To foster the classification of motionless regions in the visual input, usually associated to the far field, a segmentation guided label propagation method is used. The model is experimentally validated on 12 diverse videos, acquired from static and moving cameras.
Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence (2001)

Our findings do not support the use of naltrexone for the treatment of men with chronic, severe alcohol dependence.
Hyperbranched polycarbosilane macromonomers bearing oxazoline functionalities (1997)

Abstract Synthesis of hyperbranched polycarbosilanes by hydrosilylation of triallylsilane is reported. Soluble high molecular weight polymer was obtained in an uncontrolled bulk reaction. Addition of 2‐(10‐decen‐1‐yl)‐1,3‐oxazoline (i) afforded control over degree of polymerization (DP) and (ii) resulted in hyperbranched macromonomers. 17000 ≥ M w ≥ 800 (GPC (PS)) was obtained. 29 Si NMR spectroscopy allowed identification of dendritic, branched, linear, and terminal silicon branch‐points. A modified definition for the degree of branching yielded a value of 0.48 ± 0.05 (theory: 0.44).
Relaxin‐Induced Angiogenesis in Ovary Contributes to Follicle Development (2005)

CD31-positive blood vessels increased in human ovarian cortical tissues cultured with relaxin than in tissues cultured without relaxin. The number of vWF-positive vessels counted in rat ovaries after relaxin injection (40.5 +/- 4.3) significantly increased compared to that in saline-injected rats (24.3 +/- 3.0). The proportion of primordial follicles was significantly decreased, that of primary follicles was significantly increased at 16 h, and that of early antral follicles was significantly increased at 24 h in rats after relaxin injection. These results suggest that relaxin may contribute to follicle development through the mechanism of angiogenesis in the ovary.
Evidence for a role of intracellular stored parathyroid hormone in producing hysteresis of the PTH–calcium relationship in normal humans (1998)

We believe that the release of what might be preformed, intracellular stored depot PTH can explain, at least in part, the observed hysteretic PTH-calcium relationship in normal humans.
Encyclopedia of Electronic Components Volume 2: LEDs, LCDs, Audio, Thyristors, Digital Logic, and Amplification (2014)

Want to know how to use an electronic component? This second book of a three-volume set includes key information on electronics parts for your projects--complete with photographs, schematics, and diagrams. You'll learn what each one does, how it works, why it's useful, and what variants exist. No matter how much you know about electronics, you'll find fascinating details you've never come across before.Perfect for teachers, hobbyists, engineers, and students of all ages, this reference puts reliable, fact-checked information right at your fingertips--whether you're refreshing your memory or exploring a component for the first time. Beginners will quickly grasp important concepts, and more experienced users will find the specific details their projects require.Volume 2 covers signal processing, including LEDs, LCDs, audio, thyristors, digital logic, and amplification.Unique: the first and only encyclopedia set on electronic components, distilled into three separate volumesIncredibly detailed: includes information distilled from hundreds of sourcesEasy to browse: parts are clearly organized by component typeAuthoritative: fact-checked by expert advisors to ensure that the information is both current and accurateReliable: a more consistent source of information than online sources, product datasheets, and manufacturer's tutorialsInstructive: each component description provides details about substitutions, common problems, and workaroundsComprehensive: Volume 1 covers power, electromagnetism, and discrete semiconductors; Volume 2 includes LEDs, LCDs, audio, thyristors, digital logic, and amplification; Volume 3 covers a range of sensing devices.
Coding approaches for multiple antenna transmission in fast fading and OFDM (2002)

Multiple-antenna channel coding for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission over dispersive channels is reconsidered because with frequency interleaving, the effective channel characteristic across subcarriers is rather fast fading. The channel does not comply with the quasistatic model widely assumed for space-time trellis codes (STCs). For that reason, we first study the ideal fast-fading multiple transmit and receive antenna channel and then compare the performance of STCs with that of bit-interleaved coded modulation in fast fading. Mutual information of the ergodic channel is evaluated for numerous modulation scenarios, and capacity comparisons generate guidelines on how to jointly adjust coding rate and modulation cardinality. Bit-based coding offers large flexibility in rate adaptation, and simulation results show that it outperforms STCs in ideal fast fading and, finally, in a realistic OFDM application as well.