gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of proteins and enzymes with hydrophilic polymers and their applications. (1992)

The efficacy of a number of therapeutically active proteins and peptides is severely limited due to their instability in circulation. Of the various approaches used to stabilise these proteins, the one more successful is covalent modification of the protein or enzyme with some hydrophilic polymers such as dextran or PEG. These conjugates are more stable than the native protein both in vitro as well as in vivo. They exhibit enhanced resistant to proteolytic degradation, have a long-life in circulation and exhibit reduced immunogenicity. The therapeutic efficacy of these conjugates is also greatly enhanced compared to the native protein or enzyme.
Interleukin-2 increases the antibody response in patients receiving autologous intralymphatic tumor cell vaccine immunotherapy. (1992)

The production of tumor-binding antibodies was studied in a group of cancer patients undergoing active specific immunotherapy with irradiated, cholesterol-treated, cell culture-derived autologous tumor cells injected by the intralymphatic route. Fifteen patients were analyzed: nine patients (four melanoma, one breast, one sarcoma, one colon, and one undifferentiated cancer) received three injections of 10 to 15 x 10(6) tumor cells, spaced 2 weeks apart, and six patients (two melanoma, two renal, one breast, and one colon cancer) received tumor cells admixed with 3 x 10(6) U recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) (Proleukin, Cetus, Emeryville, CA, USA) plus a 10-day intravenous infusion of 15 x 10(6) U/kg/day IL-2 after each immunization. Serum antibody binding to autologous tumor cells was measured at 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of therapy using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with patient serum being added to adherent tumor cells bound to 96-well microtiter plates. After 4 weeks, we found a significant difference (0.02 less than P less than 0.04) in serum titer in the group receiving IL-2 (33% mean increase) compared with the non-IL-2 group (8% mean increase). Although neither group showed clinical improvement in response to the therapy, the results clearly demonstrated the efficacy of IL-2 in augmenting patient antibody response to autologous intralymphatic tumor cell immunization.
Changes in heart rate and blood pressure during nocturnal hot flashes associated with and without awakenings (2019)

Hot flashes (HFs) are a hallmark of menopause in midlife women. They are beyond bothersome symptoms, having a profound impact on quality of life and wellbeing, and are a potential marker of cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. Here, we investigated the impact on CV functioning of single nocturnal HFs, considering whether or not they were accompanied by arousals or awakenings. We investigated changes in heart rate (HR, 542 HFs), blood pressure (BP, 261 HFs), and pre-ejection period (PEP, 168 HFs) across individual nocturnal physiological HF events in women in the menopausal transition or post-menopause (age: 50.7 ± 3.6 years) (n = 86 for HR, 45 for BP, 27 for PEP). HFs associated with arousals/awakenings (51.1%), were accompanied by an increase in systolic (SBP; ~6 mmHg) and diastolic (DBP; ~5 mmHg) BP and HR (~20% increase), sustained for several minutes. In contrast, HFs occurring in undisturbed sleep (28.6%) were accompanied by a drop in SBP and a marginal increase in HR, likely components of the heat dissipation response. All HFs were accompanied by decreased PEP, suggesting increased cardiac sympathetic activity, with a prolonged increase for HFs associated with sleep disruption. Older age predicted greater likelihood of HF-related sleep disturbance. HFs were less likely to wake a woman in rapid-eye-movement and slow-wave sleep. Findings show that HFs associated with sleep disruption, which are in the majority and more likely in older women, lead to increases in HR and BP, which could have long-term impact on nocturnal CV restoration in women with multiple HFs.
Optimization of mycophenolic acid production in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology (1999)

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) can be produced in solid state fermentation. An isolate of Penicillium brevi-compactum ATCC 16024 grown on moist wheat bran produced a titre of 425 mg per kg of wheat bran. Central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were employed to derive a statistical model for media optimization towards production of mycophenolic acid. Five levels with a five factorial design were adopted. The correlation coefficient was 0.82, ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the model to the experimental values. This statistical design was very effective in improving the titre of mycophenolic acid up to 3286 mg per kg of wheat bran.
Evidence for Symplastic Phloem Unloading with Concomitant High Activity of Acid Cell Wall Invertase in <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>‐Induced Plant Tumors* (1996)

Abstract: In stems of Ricinus communis and leaves of Kalanchoë daigremontiana , rapidly growing tumors were induced by the wild type strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and A281 (p35 Sgusint). Transformed cells, monitored by histochemical β‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining, showed GUS activity in K. daigremontiana tumors in up to 100% of the tissue. In R. communis tumors, however, GUS activity was patchy, probably due to interference in gus expression from highly active phenolic compounds. Functionality of the sieve elements within the vascular bundles of the tumor and their connection with host stem bundles were shown by applying fluorescein to source leaves as a tracer of phloem‐mobile solutes. The transport pathway within the tumor and the mechanism of phloem unloading were investigated by iontophoretic injection of Lucifer yellow CH into sieve tubes. Apparent symplastic solute unloading into parenchyma cells was confirmed by localizing common primary pit fields by staining them with aniline blue. In spite of the evidence for symplastic unloading, the activity of acid cell wall invertase (CWI) was about tenfold higher in tumor than in the adjacent host stem tissue. These results indicate primary independence of phloem unloading of CWI in tumors.
Real-Time Tracking and In Vivo Visualization of β-Galactosidase Activity in Colorectal Tumor with a Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe (2016)

Development of "smart" noninvasive bioimaging probes for trapping specific enzyme activities is highly desirable for cancer therapy in vivo. Given that β-galactosidase (β-gal) is an important biomarker for cell senescence and primary ovarian cancers, we design an enzyme-activatable ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) probe (DCM-βgal) for the real-time fluorescent quantification and trapping of β-gal activity in vivo and in situ. DCM-βgal manifests significantly ratiometric and turn-on NIR fluorescent signals simultaneously in response to β-gal concentration, which makes it favorable for monitoring dynamic β-gal activity in vivo with self-calibration in fluorescent mode. We exemplify DCM-βgal for the ratiometric tracking of endogenously overexpressed β-gal distribution in living 293T cells via the lacZ gene transfection method and OVCAR-3 cells, and further realize real-time in vivo bioimaging of β-gal activity in colorectal tumor-bearing nude mice. Advantages of our system include light-up ratiometric NIR fluorescence with large Stokes shift, high photostability, and pH independency under the physiological range, allowing for the in vivo real-time evaluation of β-gal activity at the tumor site with high-resolution three-dimensional bioimaging for the first time. Our work provides a potential tool for in vivo real-time tracking enzyme activity in preclinical applications.
Alternative promoter usage of the membrane glycoprotein CD36 (2006)

Tissue-specific expression patterns of the alternative first exons of CD36 suggest that the alternative first exons of the gene are regulated individually and tissue specifically. At the same time, the fact that all first exons are upregulated in THP-1 macrophages in response to oxidized low density lipoproteins may suggest that the alternative first exons are coregulated in this cell type and environmental condition. The molecular mechanisms regulating CD36 thus appear to be unusually complex, which might reflect the multifunctional role of the gene in different tissues and cellular conditions.
Dielektronische Rekombination — eine Herausforderung für Atomphysiker (1986)

Abstract Dielektronische Rekombination (DR) ist ein atomarer Stoßprozeß, bei dem ein positives Ion unter gleichzeitiger Anregung eines Rumpfelektrons zunächst ein freies Elektron einfängt, worauf dann der so erzeugte doppelt angeregte Zustand durch Photonenemission zerfällt. Obwohl DR bereits vor fast fünfzig Jahren als ein möglicher Neutralisierungsprozeß für Ionen vorgeschlagen worden war und sich seither zahlreiche theoretische Arbeiten mit dem Phänomen befaßten, entzog sich der Prozeß bis vor wenigen Jahren einer direkten Messung. Die in jüngster Zeit durchgeführten Experimente förderten subtile Eigenschaften zu Tage. So wurde beispielsweise die Veränderlichkeit von Wirkungsquerschnitten für DR unter dem Einfluß äußerer elektrischer Felder beobachtet.
The Boraginaceae of Utah (1972)

This paper presents a revision of the family Boraginaceae for the state of Utah. Ninety-three species in seventeen genera are recognized. The treatment includes keys, synonymy, descriptions, and citations of representative specimens found in the various herbaria in the state of Utah. The new combination Lappula occidentalis (Wats.) Greene var. cupulata (Gray) Higgins is presented.
Honey as a Potential Natural Anticancer Agent: A Review of Its Mechanisms (2013)

The main treatment for cancer is by using chemotherapy and radiotherapy which themselves are toxic to other viable cells of the body. Recently, there are many studies focusing on the use of natural products for cancer prevention and treatment. Of these natural products, honey has been extensively researched. The mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of honey as chemopreventive and therapeutic agent has not been completely understood. The possible mechanisms are due to its apoptotic, antiproliferative, antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, estrogenic and immunomodulatory activities. We collate the findings of several studies published in the literature in order to understand the mechanism of its action.
Millimeter wave adaptive transmission using spatial scattering modulation (2017)

In millimeter wave (mmWave) communication, analog and hybrid beamforming systems are proposed to reduce the number of RF chains when a large antenna array is utilized to achieve a high beamforming gain. In this paper, a new transmission scheme is first proposed by leveraging the hardware architecture of analog and hybrid beamforming to improve the spectral efficiency. The new scheme is called spatial scattering modulation (SSM), since it exploits the spatial scattering dimension to modulate information bits. And then, an adaptive transmission strategy (ATS) which chooses the best transmission scheme under instantaneous channel state information, is proposed to improve the performance. Link-level simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed ATS in all the simulated signal-to-noise (SNR) values.
Transuranic separation using organophophorus extractants adsorbed onto superparamagnetic carriers. (1998)

Polymeric coated ferromagnetic carriers with an absorbed layer of octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) diluted by tributyl phosphate (TBP) are being evaluated for application in the separation and the recovery of low concentrations of americium, plutonium, and uranium from nuclear waste solutions. Due to their chemical nature, these extractants selectively complex americium and plutonium contaminants onto the particles and the complexed particles can be recovered from the solution using a magnet. Physical and chemical characterization of the extractant-absorbed particles were performed by gamma and liquid scintillation counting, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) micrograph, and other physical measurements. Plutonium, americium, and uranium separations have been performed at various HNO{sub 3} and HCl concentrations. Parameters were studied to determine the limitations and capacity of the process. The status of the chemistry and application of the process to Department of Energy (DOE) remediation efforts for actinide decontamination are discussed.
Remote plasma enhanced CVD deposition of silicon nitride and oxide for gate insulators in (In, Ga)As FET devices (1985)

We have deposited silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon oxide (SiO2) thin films using remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RPECVD). We have characterized the chemical composition of the films by infrared absorption (IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and have studied the electrical properties in metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) device configurations. We have configured the deposition system and adjusted gas flow rates in order to minimize: (a) O contamination in the Si3N4 films; and (b) OH groups in the SiO2 films. This paper describes the deposition apparatus and the process, and presents a phenomenological model for the plasma phase and surface reactions involved. We have combined both types of insulators in a trilayer dielectric that has been used as a gate insulator for (In,Ga)As insulated gate field effect transistors (IGFET’s). We have found that the electrical properties of these devices are superior to devices utilizing single layer SiO2 or Si3N4 gate insulators.
(NHC)Copper(<scp>I</scp>)‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azides and Mono‐ or Disubstituted Alkynes (2006)

A versatile and highly efficient catalyst for the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has been developed. Previously isolated or in situ generated azides yielded 1,2,3-triazoles with differently substituted alkynes in the presence of a [(NHC)CuBr] complex (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). Extremely high reaction rates and excellent yields were obtained in all cases. This catalytic system fulfils the requirements of "click chemistry" with its mild and convenient conditions, notably in water or solvent free reactions and simple isolation with no purification step. Furthermore, for the first time, an internal alkyne was successfully used in this copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction. DFT calculations on this particular system allowed for the proposition of a new mechanistic pathway for disubstituted alkynes.
Impact of processing and stack optimization on the reliability of perpendicular STT-MRAM (2017)

The nanometer thin MgO barrier and the large write currents for STT-MRAM, result in an endurance bottle neck due to oxide breakdown. In this paper we present an in-depth analysis of the impact of processing on barrier breakdown, including etch techniques (ion beam etch and reactive ion etch), post etch treatments and variations of the spacer layers in the MRAM stack. We find that variability in breakdown characteristics can be significantly reduced using an optimized etch. Secondly we propose an oxygen scavenging model to explain the different reliability behavior for various stack configurations.
Hemopoietic-specific Sf3b1-K700E knock-in mice display the splicing defect seen in human MDS but develop anemia without ring sideroblasts (2016)

Heterozygous somatic mutations affecting the spliceosome gene SF3B1 drive age-related clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other neoplasms. To study their role in such disorders, we generated knock-in mice with hematopoietic-specific expression of Sf3b1-K700E, the commonest type of SF3B1 mutation in MDS. Sf3b1<sup>K700E/+</sup> animals had impaired erythropoiesis and progressive anemia without ringed sideroblasts, as well as reduced hematopoietic stem cell numbers and host-repopulating fitness. To understand the molecular basis of these observations, we analyzed global RNA splicing in Sf3b1<sup>K700E/+</sup> hematopoietic cells. Aberrant splicing was associated with the usage of cryptic 3' splice and branchpoint sites, as described for human SF3B1 mutants. However, we found a little overlap between aberrantly spliced mRNAs in mouse versus human, suggesting that anemia may be a consequence of globally disrupted splicing. Furthermore, the murine orthologues of genes associated with ring sideroblasts in human MDS, including Abcb7 and Tmem14c, were not aberrantly spliced in Sf3b1<sup>K700E/+</sup> mice. Our findings demonstrate that, despite significant differences in affected transcripts, there is overlap in the phenotypes associated with SF3B1-K700E between human and mouse. Future studies should focus on understanding the basis of these similarities and differences as a means of deciphering the consequences of spliceosome gene mutations in MDS.
Precision Polymerization and Polymers II. Living Radical Polymerization with Transition Metal Complexes. (1997)

本総合論文は, ラジカル重合において遷移金属錯体を用いた開始剤系により, リビング重合を実現するための一般的な原理および実例に関する総説である. 種々のビニルモノマーの重合に対して, 含ハロゲン化合物を開始剤とし, これに遷移金属錯体を活性化剤として組み合わせると, 生長活性種と共有結合性dormant種との平衡に基づいて, 分子量と構造が精密に規制されたリビングポリマーが生成することを明らかにした. またこれらのリビングラジカル重合による, 分子量分布の狭い高分子量ポリマー, ブロック共重合体, 末端官能性高分子, 星型多分岐高分子などの合成についても概説した.
Nanofibrillated cellulose as a coating agent to improve print quality of synthetic fiber sheets (2010)

To determine the potential of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) for use as a coating material, we studied the characteristics of several NFC-coated samples on a synthetic fiber sheet. We used two water-based printing methods to characterize the change in print quality and prepared two types of NFC by two different physical treatment methods. Various coat weights were applied onto synthetic fiber sheets, and the printability of the coated sheets was evaluated by ink absorption rates and print density. Ink pigment penetration was characterized with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope, with chemical analysis of samples using focused ion beam. The contact angle and the ink penetration rates decreased with increased coat weight of NFC. This result is the opposite of what the Lucas-Washburn equation would predict. For pigment-based flexographic inks, ink pigments were captured at the NFC layer. For dye-based inks, the ink components penetrated and moved through the NFC-coated layer. For ink-jet printing, the print quality improved with the NFC coating.
Synthesis of Structurally Simple Supervisors Enforcing Generalized Mutual Exclusion Constraints in Petri Nets (2010)

Generalized mutual exclusion constraints (GMECs) are a typical class of specifications for the supervisory control of discrete event systems in a Petri net formalism. This paper classifies the given constraints into elementary and dependent ones according to the linear dependency of their characteristic transition vectors that indicate the token count change of the concerned places. The dependent constraints are further divided into strongly and weakly dependent ones. A constraint is usually enforced by explicitly adding a monitor to a plant model. This research develops the conditions under which a dependent constraint is enforced due to the enforcement of the elementary constraints. The results developed in this paper are applied to the existing manufacturing-oriented Petri net classes. An algorithm is also proposed to identify a set of elementary constraints. Examples are used to demonstrate the proposed methods. Some potential extensions and applications are also discussed. This research improves the existing methods in computational efficiency and structure simplification of the supervisor, given a set of GMECs.
Technology evolution of mobile peer-to-peer communications (2008)

We built a technology evolution analysis framework for a single case study of mobile peer-to-peer (MP2P) communications. We identified three different evolution paths for MP2P communications: Internet-driven, telecom-driven and proprietary. We used P2PSIP, IMS and Skype respectively to represent the evolution paths. According to our analysis, P2PSIP is an alternative to existing networks in situations where lower costs are desired, IMS is a foundation for operator-controlled services, and proprietary services are the first wave of MP2P communications services. We proposed the evolution of mobile client-server voice over IP services as a significant determinant for the evolution of MP2P communications services.
Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology (2014)

We describe an in vitro method to measure bladder smooth muscle contractility, and its use for investigating physiological and pharmacological properties of the smooth muscle as well as changes induced by pathology. This method provides critical information for understanding bladder function while overcoming major methodological difficulties encountered in in vivo experiments, such as surgical and pharmacological manipulations that affect stability and survival of the preparations, the use of human tissue, and/or the use of expensive chemicals. It also provides a way to investigate the properties of each bladder component (i.e. smooth muscle, mucosa, nerves) in healthy and pathological conditions. The urinary bladder is removed from an anesthetized animal, placed in Krebs solution and cut into strips. Strips are placed into a chamber filled with warm Krebs solution. One end is attached to an isometric tension transducer to measure contraction force, the other end is attached to a fixed rod. Tissue is stimulated by directly adding compounds to the bath or by electric field stimulation electrodes that activate nerves, similar to triggering bladder contractions in vivo. We demonstrate the use of this method to evaluate spontaneous smooth muscle contractility during development and after an experimental spinal cord injury, the nature of neurotransmission (transmitters and receptors involved), factors involved in modulation of smooth muscle activity, the role of individual bladder components, and species and organ differences in response to pharmacological agents. Additionally, it could be used for investigating intracellular pathways involved in contraction and/or relaxation of the smooth muscle, drug structure-activity relationships and evaluation of transmitter release. The in vitro smooth muscle contractility method has been used extensively for over 50 years, and has provided data that significantly contributed to our understanding of bladder function as well as to pharmaceutical development of compounds currently used clinically for bladder management.
Postural stability in the elderly: a comparison between fallers and non-fallers (2004)

simple and safe laboratory quantitative tests were able to differentiate between elderly fallers and elderly individuals who did not fall, suggesting a possible clinical application as a preliminary screening tool for predicting future risk of falling.
Introduction (2019)

Humanistic coaching sees athletes as thinking, feeling humans with a life outside their sport that has an influence on how they practise and perform in competition. Humanistic psychology is based on the philosophy of existentialism and humanism, which is the case with humanistic coaching and Positive Pedagogy for sport coaching (PPed). Humanism is a philosophical position that emphasizes human agency, interests, values, dignity and faith in humankind, and it is a broad category of ethics, metaphysics, politics and epistemology. In using the term ‘holistic coaching’, it is important to note that PPed sits on certain philosophical assumptions that coaches should be aware of as the basis for making decisions about their coaching and adapting to the practical challenges that arise when coaching. The PPed framework is aimed at encouraging an open, enquiring and reflective disposition toward coaching and to engage readers with ideas that will enhance current coaching, are forward focused and will shape coaching.