gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuregulin 1 regulates pyramidal neuron activity via ErbB4 in parvalbumin-positive interneurons (2009)

Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a trophic factor thought to play a role in neural development. Recent studies suggest that it may regulate neurotransmission, mechanisms of which remain elusive. Here we show that NRG1, via stimulating GABA release from interneurons, inhibits pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Ablation of the NRG1 receptor ErbB4 in parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons prevented NRG1 from stimulating GABA release and from inhibiting pyramidal neurons. PV-ErbB4(-/-) mice exhibited schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes similar to those observed in NRG1 or ErbB4 null mutant mice, including hyperactivity, impaired working memory, and deficit in prepulse inhibition (PPI) that was ameliorated by diazepam, a GABA enhancer. These results indicate that NRG1 regulates the activity of pyramidal neurons by promoting GABA release from PV-positive interneurons, identifying a critical function of NRG1 in balancing brain activity. Because both NRG1 and ErbB4 are susceptibility genes of schizophrenia, our study provides insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia and suggests that PV-ErbB4(-/-) mice may serve as a model in the study of this and relevant brain disorders.
Heterogeneous distributed shared memory (1992)

The design, implementation, and performance of heterogeneous distributed shared memory (HDSM) are studied. A prototype HDSM system that integrates very different types of hosts has been developed, and a number of applications of this system are reported. Experience shows that despite a number of difficulties in data conversion, HDSM is implementable with minimal loss in functional and performance transparency when compared to homogeneous DSM systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE DAILY LIVING ACTIVITIES OF THE AGED IN RECUPERATION FACILITIES : A study on the rationalization of recuperation environment for the aged (1994)

This series of studies aim to consider and point out the essentials for the architectural planning and design of recuperation facilities for the aged, dealing with the geriatric hospitals, the nursing homes and the extended care facilities for the aged as the investigation targets. The thorough investigation and observation works were made to them from the view points of daily living activities of the recuperating aged, ADL abilities of them and nursing activities by nurses and care staffs. This article discusses about the actual condition of the daily living activities in the recuperation facilities. Though the patterns of people's daily living activities extend to wide range, its typical patterns can be classified to 5 main categories from the aged who has a tendency to stay in his bed through the greater part of the days to the aged who joins actively to the variety of events and stay in the public common space in the facility.
Analysis of the Game for the Air Pollution in the Perspective of the Amendment about Environmental Law (2014)

The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government’s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.
Generation III high efficiency lower cost technology: Transition to full scale manufacturing (2012)

This paper reports on the first large scale manufacturing of Gen III solar cells. The Gen III product has been designed to deliver increased performance and lower cost throughout the value chain. Reduced emitter recombination is the key feature to deliver the efficiency improvement. Gen III is now ramping on a production line in SunPower's Philippines manufacturing plant. Production run median efficiency is 23.6%. Total area module efficiency is 21.2 %. The Gen III solar cell architecture has a low breakdown voltage in reverse, which minimizes power loss and wear on module materials under shaded conditions.
Renal Elimination of Troponin T and Troponin I (2003)

Cardiovascular complications represent the predominant cause of death in patients in the terminal stage of renal failure. Increased concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) may be a valuable predictor of cardiac risk (1)(2). However, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), clinical symptoms, and electrocardiogram (ECG) indications may be absent in patients with a positive cTnT. This may be attributable to instability of the cTnI molecule (3) or dissimilar glomerular filtration of cTnT and cTnI (4). Positive cTnT values are of cardiac origin because the second generation of cTnT assays will not detect cTnT isoforms expressed in the skeletal muscle of hemodialysis patients (5). We therefore measured the cardiac troponins cTnT and cTnI in the plasma and urine of selected patients differing in their kidney function.

We examined 24 patients with increased plasma cTnT. Patients were grouped according to their basic disease and renal function as follows:

Group A included five patients (patients 1–5) who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction and three patients (patients 6–8) with cardiac damage as a result of heart surgery, all with normal or only slightly restricted glomerular filtration rate of >80 mL/min. All eight patients were male, with a mean (SD) age of 63 (11) years. Patients had clinically typical chest pain (with the exception of patient 8), and electrocardiography (ECG) showed signs of old myocardial infarction, signs of ST-segment reduction or elevation >0.1 mV with and without chest pain, or signs any arrhythmia of unknown origin.

Group B included two patients (patients 9 and 10) who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction and six patients (patients 11–16) with cardiac damage as a result of heart surgery; all had a substantially restricted glomerular filtration rate (only patient 9 had values for creatinine and creatinine clearance that were within the appropriate reference intervals). All patients in …
A gentle introduction to Haskell (1992)

article Free Access Share on A gentle introduction to Haskell Authors: Paul Hudak View Profile , Joseph H. Fasel View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 27Issue 5May 1992 pp 1–52https://doi.org/10.1145/130697.130698Published:01 May 1992Publication History 114citation1,410DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations114Total Downloads1,410Last 12 Months294Last 6 weeks30 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Retinal tissue damage induced by 6-psec 530-nm laser light pulses (1982)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Adam P. Bruckner and J. Taboada, "Retinal tissue damage induced by 6-psec 530-nm laser light pulses," Appl. Opt. 21, 365-367 (1982) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Characterization of a Nonsense Mutation in the Ceruloplasmin Gene Resulting in Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disease (1996)

We report here on the characterization of a mutation in the ceruloplasmin gene in a 45 year old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who presented with the recent onset of gait disturbance and dysarthria. Physical examination revealed an ataxic gait, scanning speech and retinal degeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was consistent with increased basal ganglia iron content and laboratory studies revealed a low serum iron concentration and no detectable serum ceruloplasmin. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ceruloplasmin gene from this patient revealed a G to A substitution in exon 15 resulting in a nonsense mutation at amino acid 858 (Trp858ter). The patient's younger, neurologically asymptomatic brother was also found to be homozygous for this mutation. Taken together the clinical and genetic data support the concept of an essential and unique role for ceruloplasmin in human iron metabolism. Identification of this kindred extends the spectrum of ceruloplasmin gene mutations resulting in this autosomal recessive, late-onset neurodegenerative disease and highlights the importance of recognizing aceruloplasminemia as a genetic cause of diabetes and neurologic disease.
Commentary on an article by Gaetano J. Scuderi, MD, et al.: “Identification of a Novel Fibronectin-Aggrecan Complex in the Synovial Fluid of Knees with Painful Meniscal Injury” (2011)

Arthroscopic procedures for the treatment of meniscal injuries in the knee are one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures in the United States. In a recent review of cases submitted for Part II of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery certification examination, CPT code 29881 (partial meniscectomy) was the most commonly submitted procedural code for five consecutive years between 1999 to 2003, surpassing the next most frequent procedure by a margin of 2:11. However, despite the frequency with which this procedure is performed and the relative low morbidity and generally favorable results with which it is associated, poor results are common in patients with preexisting degenerative joint disease2. For providers whose practices are focused largely on the arthroscopic treatment of knee injuries, it is often impossible to determine clinically which patients with mild degenerative joint disease and meniscal pathology will benefit from arthroscopic treatment. Despite evidence-based guidelines to aid in decision-making, the results are not always predictable or durable. In light of recent level-I evidence data that arthroscopy is not beneficial specifically for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee3, studies of this nature are particularly pertinent. The use of arthroscopic procedures to treat mechanical knee symptoms and meniscal abnormalities in patients with mild osteoarthritis has great value to many patients but has been called into question in the medical community. The authors of this paper should be commended for their efforts and their discovery of a novel fibronectin-aggrecan complex that is present in the synovial fluid of patients with symptomatic meniscal tears. This is potentially a first step in discovering the “holy grail” of a clinical marker that can predict a patient’s response to arthroscopic knee surgery. As the authors point out, there are several limitations to this study that prevent broad application. It remains unclear if patients with painful mild or moderate osteoarthritis without meniscal pathology will demonstrate elevated levels of this fibronectin-aggrecan complex. Additionally, it is unclear at this time if surgical outcomes correlate with the levels of this complex. This clinical correlation will be necessary to determine if this complex can be used for clinical decision-making in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In summary, this is a very interesting paper that is particularly pertinent at this time. The authors should be commended for their efforts. Their goal of discovering a biomarker that can distinguish knees with symptomatic meniscal tears that are likely to respond to arthroscopic treatment from knees that are unlikely to respond to surgery is extremely valuable to the orthopaedic community. Much work remains before we are at a point that such technology is readily available. However, studies of this nature are a first step toward that important goal.
Enhanced Model Predictive Control:Dual Control Approach and State Estimation Issues (2010)

The main contribution of this thesis is the advancement of Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC is a well known and widely used advanced control technique, which is model-based and capable of handling both input and state/output constraints via receding horizon optimization methods. The complex structure of MPC is delineated, and it is shown how improvements of some of its components are able to enhance overall MPC performance.\n\nIn more detail, in Chapter 3, the definition of a state dependent input weight, in the cost function, shows satisfactory controller performance for a large region of working conditions, compared to a standard MPC formulation. The robustness of the optimization problem is improved, i.e., this particular weight configuration yields a ‘better’ conditioned problem than the standard MPC will produce. This is demonstrated by a simulation study of a particular Autonomous Underwater Vehicle.\n\nChapter 4 presents a novel formulation named Persistently Exciting Model Predictive Control (PE-MPC). The fundamental idea is that because of its use of a model, MPC should be amenable to adaptive implementation and on-line tuning of the model. Such an approach requires guaranteeing certain signal properties, known as ‘persistent excitation’, to ensure uniform identifiability of the model. An approach to augment the input constraint set of MPC to provide this guarantee is proposed. It is also shown, how this formulation has properties that are typical of Dual Control problems. Theoretical results are proven and simulation-based examples are used to confirm the strength of this new approach.\n\nChapter 5 takes state estimation issues into account. Kalman filtering for nonlinear systems is described, and throughout the chapter, a comparison of the more recent Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), with the well known Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is given. Two examples are presented, first a photobioreactor for algae production, and then a simple but effective example of locally weakly unobservable nonlinear system. In both cases, simulation-based results prove the advantages of using UKF as an alternative to EKF.
Role of recurrent hydrophobic residues in catalysis of helix formation by T cell-presented peptides in the presence of lipid vesicles. (1990)

We tested the hypothesis that the recurrence of hydrophobic amino acids in a polypeptide at positions falling in an axial, hydrophobic strip if the sequence were coiled as an alpha helix, can lead to helical nucleation on a hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic surface could anchor such residues, whereas the peptide sequence grows in a helical configuration that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds among carbonyl and amido NH groups along the peptidyl backbone of the helix, and by other intercycle interactions among amino acid side chains. Such bound, helical structures might protect peptides from proteases and/or facilitate transport to a MHC-containing compartment and thus be reflected in the selection of T cell-presented segments. Helical structure in a series of HPLC-purified peptides was estimated from circular dichroism measurements in: 1) 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 2) that buffer with 45% trifluoroethanol (TFE), and 3) that buffer with di-O-hexadecyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. By decreasing the dielectric constant of the buffer, TFE enhances intrapeptide interactions generally, whereas the lipid vesicles only provide a surface for hydrophobic interactions. The peptides varied in their strip-of-helix hydrophobicity indices (SOHHI; the mean Kyte-Doolittle hydrophobicities of residues in an axial strip of an alpha helix) and in proline content. Structural order for peptides with helical circular dichroism spectra was estimated as percentage helicity from circular dichroism theta 222 nm values and peptide concentration. A prototypic alpha helical peptide with three cycles plus two amino acids and an axial hydrophobic strip of four leucyl residues (SOHHI = 3.8) was disordered in phosphate buffer, 58% helical in that buffer with 48% TFE, and 36% helical in that buffer with vesicles. Percentage helicity in the presence of vesicles of the subset of peptides without proline followed their SOHHI values. Peptides with multiple prolyl residues had circular dichroism spectra with strong signals, but since they did not have altered spectra in the presence of vesicles relative to phosphate buffer alone, the hydrophobic surface of the vesicle did not appear to stabilize those structures.
An instruction fetch policy handling L2 cache misses in SMT processors (2005)

In simultaneous multithreading (SMT) processors, co-scheduled threads share the processor's resources, but at the same time compete for them. A thread missing in L2 cache may occupy most of available resources for a long time, causing other threads to run slower than they could or even stall because of lack of resources. As a result, the overall performance of SMT processors is degraded. In this paper, we propose a novel fetch policy called MFP (multiple fetch priorities) to prevent the negative effects caused by L2 cache misses. In our policy, there are three fetch priority levels for each thread and threads are assigned different fetch priority based on their cache behaviors. Each cycle, MFP fetches instructions from the threads with the highest priority. Results show that our policy outperforms previously proposed fetch policies for all types of workloads, especially for memory bounded workloads, whether using IPC as a metric or using the harmonic mean as a metric. Results also tell that our policy shows different degrees of improvement over other fetch policies. The increment over PDG is greatest, reaching 19.2% in throughput and 27.7% in Hmean on average.
Segmentation of architecture shape information from 3D point cloud (2009)

Object Segmentation is an important step in object reconstruction from point cloud data of complex urban scenes and in applications to virtual environment. This paper focuses on strategies to extract objects in 3D urban scenes for further object recognition and object reconstruction. Segmentation strategies are proposed according to object shape features. Rough segmentation is first adopted for objects classification, and further detailed segmentation is implemented for object components. Normal directions are adopted to segment each planar region, so that architectures and the ground can be extracted from other objects. Architectural components are further extracted through an analysis of planar residuals, and the residuals are used to choose seed points for region growing. And meanwhile, the size of segmental regions is used to determine whether or not it includes sparse noisy points. Experimental results on the scene scan data demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in object segmentation, so that more details and more concise models can be obtained corresponding to real outdoor objects.
Estimates of Driving Abilities and Skills in Different Conditions (1998)

Evaluators' quantified estimates of driving demands showed driving as a complex task that (a) requires high levels of abilities and skills in all situations; (b) demands greater abilities in some situations than in others; and (c) involves different kinds and various degrees of abilities and skills, depending on the demand characteristics of the situation.
Multivariate Analysis Techniques in the Forensics Investigation of the Postblast Residues by Means of Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (2010)

Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has gained considerable attention among the forensic scientists because it shows high sensitivity and selectivity and offers near real time detection of analyzed samples. However, the amount of obtained information due to complexity of the measured spectra forces the use of additional data processing. Application of the multivariate statistical techniques for the analysis of the FT-IR data seems to be necessary in order to enable feature extraction, proper evaluation, and identification of obtained spectra. In this article, an attempt to develop a feasible procedure for characterization of spectroscopic signatures of the explosive materials in the remnants after explosion has been made. All spectra were derived after analysis of samples from debris after especially prepared and performed blasts with the use of three various highly explosive materials: C-4, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Two well-known multivariate statistical methods, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were tested in order to classify the samples into separate classes using a broad wavelength data range (4000-600 cm(-1)) on collected spectra sets. After many trials it seems that PCA is the best choice for the mentioned earlier tasks. It was found that only three principal components carry over 99.6% of variance within the sample set. The results show that FT-IR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate methods is well-suited for identification and differentiation purposes even in quite large data sets, and for that reason forensic laboratories could employ these methods for rapid screening analysis.
The Digestive Enzymes of the Pancreas: A Mixture of Inconstant Proportions (1977)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Clinical consequences of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (2018)

Clonally restricted hematopoiesis is a common aging-associated biological state that predisposes to subsequent development of a hematological malignancy or cardiovascular death. Clonal expansion driven by leukemia-associated somatic mutations, such as <i>DNMT3A</i>, <i>ASXL1</i>, or <i>TET2</i>, is best characterized, but oligoclonality can also emerge without recognized leukemia-driver mutations, perhaps as a result of stochastic neutral drift. Murine models provide compelling evidence that a major mechanism of increased cardiovascular mortality in the context of clonal hematopoiesis is accelerated atherogenesis driven by inflammasome-mediated endothelial injury, resulting from proinflammatory interactions between endothelium and macrophages derived from circulating clonal monocytes. Altered inflammation likely influences other biological processes as well. The rate of development of overt neoplasia in patients with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), as currently defined, is 0.5% to 1% per year. Contributing factors to clonal progression other than acquisition of secondary mutations in hematopoietic cells (ie, stronger leukemia drivers) are incompletely understood. Disordered endogenous immunity in the context of increased proliferative pressure, short telomeres leading to chromosomal instability, an unhealthy marrow microenvironment that favors expansion of clonal stem cells and acquisition of new mutations while failing to support healthy hematopoiesis, and aging-associated changes in hematopoietic stem cells, including altered DNA damage response, an altered transcriptional program, and consequences of epigenetic alterations, are all potential contributors to clonal progression. Clinical management of patients with CHIP includes monitoring for hematological changes and reduction of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors; eventually, it will also likely include anti-inflammatory therapies and targeted approaches to prune emergent dangerous clones.