gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically conducting blends of polyaniline (1994)

Summary form only given. A melt-processable, conducting polyaniline composition, Polarene/sup TM/ has recently been developed. This composition allows blending and processing using conventional techniques. In this study we present results on electrical conductivity, blend morphology and mechanical properties of conducting binary blends comprising Polarene/sup TM/ and polypropylene or polystyrene, respectively.
Graphene Oxide: A New Carrier for Slow Release of Plant Micronutrients (2017)

The environmental problems and low efficiency associated with conventional fertilizers provides an impetus to develop advanced fertilizers with slower release and better performances. Here, we report of development of a new carrier platform based on graphene oxide (GO) sheets that can provide a high loading of plant micronutrients with controllable slow release. To prove this concept, two micronutrients, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), were used to load on GO sheets and hence formulate GO-based micronutrients fertilizer. The chemical composition and successful loading of both nutrients on GO sheets were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared Zn-graphene oxide (Zn-GO) and Cu-graphene oxide (Cu-GO) fertilizers showed a biphasic dissolution behavior compared to that of commercial zinc sulfate and copper sulfate fertilizer granules, displaying desirable fast and slow micronutrient release. A visualization method and chemical analysis were used to assess the release and diffusion of Cu and Zn in soil from GO-based fertilizers compared with commercial soluble fertilizers to demonstrate the advantages of GO carriers and show their capability to be used as a generic platform for macro- and micronutrients delivery. A pot trial demonstrated that Zn and Cu uptake by wheat was higher when using GO-based fertilizers compared to that when using standard zinc or copper salts. This is the first report on the agronomic performance of GO-based slow-release fertilizer.
Miniature photoacoustic chemical sensor using microelectromechanical structures (2004)

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a useful monitoring technique that is well suited for trace gas detection. The technique also possesses favorable detection characteristics when the system dimensions are scaled to a micro-system design. The objective of present work is to incorporate two strengths of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and chemical and biological sensing into a monolithic MEMS photoacoustic trace gas sensor. A miniaturized macro-cell design was studied as a means to examine performance and design issues as the photoacoustics is scaled to a dimension approaching the MEMS level. Performance of the macro-cell was tested using standard organo-phosphate nerve gas simulants, Dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and Diisoprpyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP). Current MEMS work centered on fabrication of a multi-layer cell subsystem to be incorporated in the full photoacoustic device. Preliminary results were very positive for the macro-cell sensitivity (ppb levels) and specificity indicating that the scaled cell maintains sensitivity. Several bonding schemes for a three-dimension MEMS photoacoustic cavity were investigated with initial results of a low temperature AuSn bond proving most feasible.
2P1-C26 Miniaturizing a low backlash crown reducer (2010)

We are developing a low backlash reducer using precessing crown gears. We call it crown reducer. The features of this reducer are low backlash, high reduction ratio, and advantage in miniaturizing. These features greatly contribute to design various small mechanisms such as a finger joint of a robot hand. In this paper, we describe some modifications of mechanical design for miniaturizing the crown reducer. Two prototype reducers, which diameter are φ6 and φ012 (gears' diameter are φ5 and φ10, respectively), are shown in this paper. Some evaluation results for φ6 type are also presented.
Cross-adaptation of Sweaty-smelling 3-methyl-2- hexenoic Acid by a Structurally-similar, Pleasant-smelling Odorant (1995)

Cross-adaptation has been interpreted as a measure of the degree to which odors share common sensory channels. How structural similarity, in the absence of perceptual similarity, influences cross-adaptation is unknown. The present study assessed cross-adaptation by structurally similar, but perceptually different, odorants. Magnitude estimates for a 10:1 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), a principal component of human underarm odor, decreased following adaptation to a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-ethyl esters of 3M2H (EE3M2H), which possess a pleasant, fruity odor. Cross-adaptation was asymmetric; adaptation to 3M2H did not significantly affect the perceived intensity of EE3M2H. By contrast, there was no significant cross-adaptation between 3M2H and the fruity-smelling ethyl esters of its homologues, 3-methyl-2-octenoic acid (EE3M20) and 3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid (EE3M2P). Similarity ratings revealed no differences among the three ethyl esters in their perceptual similarity to 3M2H (i.e. all were rated equally dissimilar to 3M2H). Molecular modeling studies revealed no difference in the charge distribution of these molecules. Rather, differences in the shape and size of the hydrophobic part of the molecule may determine the extent of cross-adaptation. These results demonstrate that structurally-similar, yet perceptually-distinct, odorants may cross-adapt and suggest that the extent of cross-adaptation may be affected by the degree of structural, as well as perceptual, similarity.
Signatures for Network Coding (2006)

This paper presents a practical digital signature scheme to be used in conjunction with network coding. Our scheme simultaneously provides authentication and detects malicious nodes that intentionally corrupt content on the network.
A Novel Route for in situ H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Generation from Selective Reduction of O<sub>2</sub> by Hydrazine Using Heterogeneous Pd Catalyst in an Aqueous Medium. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Biochemical Pharmacology of Atrial Peptides (1989)

A schematic overview is presented as a framework for the more com­ prehensive review of the atrial peptide system that follows (Figure 1). An expanded discussion of the specific details and references is detailed in the subsequent section. Briefly, granules located in the atria (but not the ventri­ cles) contain the 126-amino acid prohormone termed atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) , atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) , cardionatrin or atriopeptin (AP). cDNA probes have been used to characterize the amino acid sequence of a 152-amino acid rat atrial preprohormone. Non-atrial sites of AP synthesis have also been discovered in the central nervous system and the cardiac ventricle, which only expresses AP biosynthesis during fetal and neonatal development and during cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, Flynn and colleagues announced (at the Third International Congress on Biologically Active Atrial Peptides, New York, June 25-26, 1988) the isolation and sequencing from rat atrial extracts of a unique atriopeptin-like peptide termed iso-rANP (rat atrial natriuretic peptide) (Fig-
Full-rate distributed space-time codes for cooperative communications (2008)

A full-rate distributed space-time (ST) code design is proposed for amplify-and-forward cooperative wireless channels. By employing a signal space diversity technique at the source node and a unique signature vector at each relay node, the proposed distributed ST codes can achieve full cooperative diversity and full rate. The achievable diversity gain is shown to be M + 1, where M is the number of relay nodes. Optimal power allocation is also proposed to maximize the coding gain under a total power constraint.
Automatic real-time capture and segmentation of endoscopy video (2008)

Endoscopy is a medical technology used to inspect the inner surface of organs such as the colon. During endoscopic inspection of the colon or colonoscopy, a tiny video camera generates a video signal, which is displayed on a monitor for manual interpretation by physicians. In practice, these images are not typically captured, which may be attributed by lack of tools for automatic capturing, automatic analysis of important contents, and quick and easy access to these contents. However, this lack of tools is being addressed by recent research efforts. This paper presents the description and evaluation results of novel software that automates the capture of all images of a single colonoscopy into a single digitized video file. The system uses metrics based on color and motion over time to determine whether the images are derived from inside a single patient. During testing our system extracted 173 videos totaling 70 hours of endoscopic video, out of 230 hours of raw video, with a segment-based sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99%. No procedures were missed. Two video files contained only a non-patient video signal. The features of our system are robust enough to be suitable for day-to-day use in medical practice.
GFOC Project results: High Temperature / High Pressure, Hydrogen Tolerant Optical Fiber (2012)

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) may be primary or secondary to malignancies, infections, autoimmune diseases, or drugs. In most cases, HPS occurs at the same time as the diagnosis of underlying malignancy or when it relapses. In rare situations, the neoplastic disease can be occult, even for more than a decade. Were port the case of a 28-year-old woman admitted because of HPS. Treatment with etoposide for fulminant HPS was effective. Four months later, she was admitted again because of newly developed subcutaneous nodules and cellulitis-like skin lesions over her legs. Excisional biopsy of subcutaneous nodule showed subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. After etoposide, solumedrol, cytosine arabinoside, and cisplatin regimen chemotherapy, both skin lesions and subcutaneous nodules disappeared. In conclusion, for patients presenting with HPS and cellulitis-like skin lesions, occult lymphoma should be considered, which might not be diagnosed for months, even years. Adequate treatment, including steroid and chemotherapy against malignant lymphoma, should be started as soon as possible for patients with fulminant HPS because of its fatal course.
Characterization of a suppressive factor of platelet cytotoxic functions in human and rat schistosomiasis mansoni. (1989)

In a previous study we demonstrated that mitogen-stimulated CD8+ CD4-T cells from normal donors produce a suppressive lymphokine (PASL) of IgE-dependent platelet cytotoxicity. Here we demonstrate the production, after antigenic-stimulation, of this suppressive factor during ongoing infections by Schistosoma mansoni in man and in the rat. The T lymphocyte subpopulation producing this factor was also identified as expressing the marker of the suppressive subset. Because of the absence of species restriction, the relevance in vivo of PASL was determined in the rat model. In these conditions we observed a complete abolition of the protection normally conferred against a challenge infection by the passive transfer of platelets from immune to normal rats after treatment of transferred platelets with T lymphocyte supernatants.
A new kind of PM fiber, using cylindrical vector beams (2008)

We generate radially polarised beams, attractive for many scientific and technological applications, as stable eigenmodes in an optical fiber. This yields a new class of fibers that are polarization-maintaining even though they are strictly cylindrically symmetric.
A Review of Augmented Reality in Robotic-Assisted Surgery (2019)

Augmented reality (AR) and robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) are both rapidly evolving technologies in recent years. RAS systems, such as the da Vinci Surgical System, aim to improve surgical precision and dexterity, as well as access to minimally-invasive procedures, while AR provides an advanced interface to enhance user perception. Combining the features of both, AR-integrated RAS has become an appealing concept with increased interest among the academic community. In this paper, we review the existing literature about AR-integrated RAS. We discuss the hardware components, application paradigms and clinical relevance of the literature. The concept of AR-integrated RAS has been shown to be feasible for various procedures. Encouraging preliminary results include reduced sight diversion and improved situation awareness. Special techniques, e.g., activation-on-demand, are taken into consideration to address visual clutter of the AR interface and ensure that the system is fail-safe. Although AR-integrated RAS is not yet mature, we believe that if the current trend of development continues, it will soon demonstrate its clinical value.
P.28: Hue‐Blending Method: Improved Red‐Green Color Segregation Capability for Dichromacy Support (2013)

Abstract We propose a hue‐blending method with improved red‐green color segregation capability that supports dichromacy. Subjective test results suggest that the proposed method yields quite high red‐green color segregation performance. Furthermore, matches or exceeds the performance of previous methods as regards understanding color perception offered by trichromatic views.
Scalable extension of HEVC using enhanced inter-layer prediction (2014)

In Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC), inter-layer prediction efficiency may be degraded because much high frequency information can be removed during: 1) the down-sampling/up-sampling process and, 2) the base layer coding/quantization process. In this paper, we present a method to enhance the quality of the inter-layer reference (ILR) picture by combining the high frequency information from enhancement layer temporal reference pictures with the low frequency information from the up-sampled base layer picture. Experimental results show that on average 3.9% weighted BD-rate gain is achieved compared to SHM-2.0 under SHVC common test conditions.
Non-ionic surfactant assembly of ordered, very large pore molecular sieve silicas from water soluble silicates (2000)

Very large pore hexagonal and cellular foam-like molecular sieve silicas with well cross-linked framework walls (denoted MSU-H and MSU-F, respectively), have been prepared from soluble silicate precursors under neutral pH conditions.
Spread-spectrum audio watermarking: requirements, applications, and limitations (2002)

Watermarking has been adopted as a technology of choice for many applications related to e-commerce of audio content. We present a brief summary of a set of spread-spectrum watermarking techniques for effective covert communication over an audio signal carrier. Watermark robustness is enabled using redundant spread-spectrum for prevention against de-synchronization attacks. We improve watermark inaudibility by detecting and not watermarking blocks of audio where a spread spectrum sequence, if added to the frequency spectrum, would be audible. Finally, we overview the security limitations of our technology with respect to parameter selection and position it with respect to three main applications of watermarking: (a) content screening, (b) tracing unlicensed content distribution, and (c) robust metadata.
Deposition of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon film by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1996)

Hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited by the layer-by-layer technique using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), i.e., the alternative deposition of thin DLC layer and subsequent CF4 plasma exposure on its surface. The hydrogen-free DLC could be grown on the Si wafer by repeated deposition of the 5 nm DLC layer and subsequent 200 s CF4 plasma exposure on its surface. On the other hand, the conventional DLC deposited by PECVD contains 25 at. % hydrogen inside. The CF4 plasma exposure on the thin DLC layer appears to etch weak C–C bonds and break hydrogen bonds, resulting in a widening optical band gap and increasing conductivity activation energy.
Exceptional points at the subwavelength scale (2021)

We present our latest work and investigation of exceptional point in plasmonic nanostructures. We show that the non-Hermitian singularity can be effectively deployed in small scale sensors and pave the path for engineering metamaterials with novel properties.
Phase noise reduction of an RF oscillator by photonic-based highly sensitive phase noise analyzer (2017)

Low phase noise micro - mm waves are critical building blocks for future wireless communications and radar. Micro - mm waves generated by optical frequency combs via optical frequency division can have extremely low phase noise [1], but producible RF carrier frequencies are essentially limited to harmonics of the comb repetition frequency. Actively suppressing phase noise of RF oscillators is a more universal way to generate low noise arbitrary RF carrier frequencies [2, 3]. For this, electro-optic comb (EO comb) based active phase noise suppression of RF oscillators is a powerful method, compatible with referencing to micro cavities [2] and optical frequency combs [3]. In this report, we propose and demonstrate an alternative approach for active phase noise suppression by referencing to a long fiber delay, based on highly sensitive phase noise measurements as enabled via a two wavelength, delayed self-heterodyne interferometer [4].
Calculation View: multiple-representation editing in spreadsheets (2018)

Spreadsheet errors are ubiquitous and costly, an unfortunate combination that is well-reported. A large class of these errors can be attributed to the inability to clearly see the underlying computational structure, as well as poor support for abstraction (encapsulation, re-use, etc). In this paper we propose a novel solution: a multiple-representation spreadsheet containing additional representations that allow abstract operations, without altering the conventional grid representation or its formula syntax. Through a user study, we demonstrate that the use of multiple representations can significantly improve user performance when performing spreadsheet authoring and debugging tasks. We close with a discussion of design implications and outline future directions for this line of inquiry.
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of an Intracellular Pathogen in Human Peripheral Leukocytes with Hybridizing Magnetic Relaxation Nanosensors (2012)

Bacterial infections are still a major global healthcare problem. The quick and sensitive detection of pathogens responsible for these infections would facilitate correct diagnosis of the disease and expedite treatment. Of major importance are intracellular slow-growing pathogens that reside within peripheral leukocytes, evading recognition by the immune system and detection by traditional culture methods. Herein, we report the use of hybridizing magnetic nanosensors (hMRS) for the detection of an intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The hMRS are designed to bind to a unique genomic sequence found in the MAP genome, causing significant changes in the sample's magnetic resonance signal. Clinically relevant samples, including tissue and blood, were screened with hMRS and results were compared with traditional PCR analysis. Within less than an hour, the hMRS identified MAP-positive samples in a library of laboratory cultures, clinical isolates, blood and homogenized tissues. Comparison of the hMRS with culture methods in terms of prediction of disease state revealed that the hMRS outperformed established culture methods, while being significantly faster (1 hour vs 12 weeks). Additionally, using a single instrument and one nanoparticle preparation we were able to detect the intracellular bacterial target in clinical samples at the genomic and epitope levels. Overall, since the nanoparticles are robust in diverse environmental settings and substantially more affordable than PCR enzymes, the potential clinical and field-based use of hMRS in the multiplexed identification of microbial pathogens and other disease-related biomarkers via a single, deployable instrument in clinical and complex environmental samples is foreseen.
ISHair: Importance Sampling for Hair Scattering (2012)

Abstract We present an importance sampling method for the bidirectional scattering distribution function ( bsdf ) of hair. Our method is based on the multi‐lobe hair scattering model presented by Sadeghi et al. [ SPJT10 ]. We reduce noise by drawing samples from a distribution that approximates the bsdf well. Our algorithm is efficient and easy to implement, since the sampling process requires only the evaluation of a few analytic functions, with no significant memory overhead or need for precomputation. We tested our method in a research raytracer and a production renderer based on micropolygon rasterization. We show significant improvements for rendering direct illumination using multiple importance sampling and for rendering indirect illumination using path tracing.
Quantitative measurement of blood flow using cylindrically localized fourier velocity encoding (1991)

A procedure for the quantitative measurement of blood velocity was developed and evaluated in the portal vein, aorta, and vena cava of healthy volunteers. This procedure utilizes Fourier velocity encoding and can be performed with or without cardiac gating. The accuracy of velocity measurements is determined by the accuracy of the gradient subsystem. Flow measurements derived from the velocity measurement are further limited in their accuracy by the luminal cross-section measurement. Spatial localization is accomplished with an excitation pulse having a cylindrical rather than slab geometry. Data are acquired in the presence of a readout gradient to provide resolution along the cylindrical axis.
Multifunctional Electrospun Fabrics via Layer-by-Layer Electrostatic Assembly for Chemical and Biological Protection (2010)

Breathable chemical and biological detoxifying protective fabrics are obtained via functionalization of electrospun fiber mats using a layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly technique. The chemically reactive polyanion, poly(N-hydroxyacrylamide) or poly(hydroxamic acid) (PHA), and bactericidal polycation, poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG), were synthesized and assembled electrostatically to generate multifunctional coatings on prefabricated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber mats. Reactivity of PHA in the hydrolysis of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a close analog of the chemical warfare agent sarin, was demonstrated. The DFP degradation rate with PHA is comparable to that with compounds such as isonicotinhydroxamic acid methiodide, an efficient catalyst of organophosphate ester hydrolysis. Protective fabrics functionalized with PVG/PHA layers are able to degrade DFP mists, with DFP hydrolysis rates 60-fold higher than those with unmodified fabrics under identical conditions. Fabrics modified with PVG/PHA layers are bactericidal against E. coli and S. epidermidis. Breathability of functionalized fiber mats as protective fabrics was evaluated versus standard reference fabrics.
Tomographic lifetime imaging using combined early- and late-arriving photons (2014)

We present a novel, hybrid approach for time domain fluorescence tomography that efficiently combines lifetime multiplexing using late-arriving or asymptotic photons, with the high spatial resolution capability of early photon tomography. We also show that a decay amplitude-based asymptotic approach is superior to direct inversion of late-arriving photons for tomographic lifetime imaging within turbid media. The hybrid reconstruction approach is experimentally shown to recover fluorescent inclusions separated as close as 1.4 mm, with improved resolution and reduced cross talk compared to just using early photons or the asymptotic approach alone.