gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imidazolium Cations with Exceptional Alkaline Stability: A Systematic Study of Structure–Stability Relationships (2015)

Highly base-stable cationic moieties are a critical component of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in alkaline fuel cells (AFCs); however, the commonly employed organic cations have limited alkaline stability. To address this problem, we synthesized and characterized the stability of a series of imidazolium cations in 1, 2, or 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 °C, systematically evaluating the impact of substitution on chemical stability. The substituent identity at each position of the imidazolium ring has a dramatic effect on the overall cation stability. We report imidazolium cations that have the highest alkaline stabilities reported to date, >99% cation remaining after 30 days in 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 °C.
Single photons on pseudodemand from stored parametric down-conversion (2002)

We describe the results of a parametric down-conversion experiment in which the detection of one photon of a pair causes the other photon to be switched into a storage loop. The stored photon can then be switched out of the loop at a later time chosen by the user, providing a single photon for potential use in a variety of quantum information processing applications. Although the stored single photon is only available at periodic time intervals, those times can be chosen to match the cycle time of a quantum computer by using pulsed down-conversion. The potential use of the storage loop as a photonic quantum memory device is also discussed.
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in the pathogenesis of Fabry disease (2017)

Fabry disease is caused by deficient activity of α-galactosidase A and subsequent accumulation of glycosphingolipids (mainly globotriaosylceramide, Gb3), leading to multisystem organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling are thought to contribute to Fabry cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that decreased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) plays a role in the pathogenesis of Fabry disease. We found that BH4 was decreased in the heart and kidney but not in the liver and aorta of Fabry mice. BH4 was also decreased in the plasma of female Fabry patients, which was not corrected by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Gb3 levels were inversely correlated with BH4 levels in animal tissues and cultured patient cells. To investigate the role of BH4 deficiency in disease phenotypes, 12-month-old Fabry mice were treated with gene transfer-mediated ERT or substrate reduction therapy (SRT) for 6 months. In the Fabry mice receiving SRT but not ERT, BH4 deficiency was restored, concomitant with ameliorated cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Additionally, glutathione levels were decreased in Fabry mouse tissues in a sex-dependent manner. Renal BH4 levels were closely correlated with glutathione levels and inversely correlated with cardiac and kidney weight. In conclusion, this study showed that BH4 deficiency occurs in Fabry disease and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease through oxidative stress associated with a reduced antioxidant capacity of cells and NOS uncoupling. This study also suggested dissimilar efficacy of ERT and SRT in correcting pre-existing pathologies in Fabry disease.
Tissue oxygenation measurements in diabetic foot ulcers using a smartphone based near infrared imaging device (2021)

Major challenges in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) treatment include compliance and routine clinical visits to facilitate healing. Virtual Medicine (VM) can greatly impact DFU wound care management with tools for remote patient monitoring (RPM). Herein, a novel low-cost smartphone-based imaging device was developed to provide physiological (in terms of tissue oxygenation) and visual measurements of DFUs. Quantitative changes in tissue oxygenation between the wound and peri-wound in DFUs are obtained using SPOT device in an IRB approved pilot study. On a long-term, SPOT has potential to offer a low-cost alternative for VM and RPM in DFU wound care management.
Imaging concert hall acoustics using visual and audio cameras (2008)

Using a developed real time audio camera, that uses the output of a spherical microphone array beamformer steered in all directions to create central projection to create acoustic intensity images, we present a technique to measure the acoustics of rooms and halls. A panoramic mosaiced visual image of the space is also create. Since both the visual and the audio camera images are central projection, registration of the acquired audio and video images can be performed using standard computer vision techniques. We describe the technique, and apply it to the examine the relation between acoustical features and architectural details of the Dekelbaum concert hall at the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center in College Park, MD.
Filtered backprojection reconstruction with depth-dependent filtering (2010)

A direct filtered-backprojection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm is presented for circular cone-beam computed tomography (CB-CT) that allows the filter operation to be applied efficiently with shift-variant band-pass characteristics on the kernel function. Our algorithm is derived from the ramp-filter based FBP method of Feldkamp et al. and obtained by decomposing the ramp filtering into a convolution involving the Hilbert kernel (global operation) and a subsequent differentiation operation (local operation). The differentiation is implemented as a finite difference of two (Hilbert filtered) data samples and carried out as part of the backprojection step. The spacing between the two samples, which defines the low-pass characteristics of the filter operation, can thus be selected individually for each point in the image volume. We here define the sample spacing to follow the magnification of the divergent-beam geometry and thus obtain a novel, depth-dependent filtering algorithm for circular CB-CT. We evaluate this resulting algorithm using computer-simulated CB data and demonstrate that our algorithm yields results where spatial resolution and image noise are distributed much more uniformly over the field-of-view, compared to Feldkamp's approach.
SoftBeam: Precise tracking of transient faults and vulnerability analysis at processor design time (2011)

To study system reliability of a next-generation system, we undertake a soft error vulnerability study for a next-generation microprocessor design. Starting from design data for the entire processor, we extend the microprocessor verification methodology to study soft error propagation through microprocessor logic into the architected processor state. We use soft error injection into randomly selected latch bits to (1) identify areas for improvement, (2) derate technology susceptibility by architectural, microarchitectural, and logic masking resulting in increased soft error resilience; and (3) identify areas where microarchitectural data corruption can be tolerated as performance degradation without impact on correctness, yielding even greater soft error resilience. Based on these results, we reduce design vulnerability to soft errors by factors ranging from 2 for an execution unit to more than 32 for a memory management unit.
Analysis of a novel optical fiber interferometer with common-mode compensation (1988)

Much of the success of optical fiber interferometric sensors stems from the ease with which very long path length devices can be fabricated. High measurand sensitivities are acheived through the length dependence of the propagation phase shifts U=2πne(L/λo), where ne is the mode effective index and λo, the vacuum wavelength.
Delay chain based programmable jitter generator (2004)

In this paper, we presents a programmable jitter generator. Different from the traditional jitter generator that uses the analog phase modulation (PM) technique to generate only non-Gaussian distributed jitter components, the proposed jitter generator uses digital techniques. It consists of a voltage controlled delay chain, jitter control block, and some basic digital components. It can generate not only the non-Gaussian distributed jitter component, but also the Gaussiandistributed jitter component. In addition, almost all jitter characteristics are controllable. This jitter generator can be used in jitter tolerance test and jitter transfer function measurement. A Xilinx XC4010 FPGA chip is used to validate this design.
A 146-&lt;tex&gt;$hbox mm^2$&lt;/tex&gt;8-Gb Multi-Level NAND Flash Memory With 70-nm CMOS Technology (2005)

An 8-Gb multi-level NAND Flash memory with 4-level programmed cells has been developed successfully. The cost-effective small chip has been fabricated in 70-nm CMOS technology. To decrease the chip size, a one-sided pad arrangement with compacted core architecture and a block address expansion scheme without block redundancy replacement have been introduced. With these methods, the chip size has been reduced to 146 mm/sup 2/, which is 4.9% smaller than the conventional chip. In terms of performance, the program throughput reaches 6 MB/s at 4-KB page operation, which is significantly faster than previously reported and very competitive with binary Flash memories. This high performance has been achieved by the combination of the multi-level cell (MLC) programming with write caches and with the program voltage compensation technique for neighboring select transistors. The read throughput reaches 60 MB/s using 16I/O configuration.
Towards Automated Monomer Synthesis: A Streamlined Approach for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates (2020)

Accessing cyclic carbonate monomers on large scales is critical for development of any new carbonate-based material platform. This is particularly important in the context of using automated experimental systems for materials synthesis, which can often require large inputs of starting materials. However, the synthesis of carbonate monomers can be a challenging and tedious endeavor, requiring multiple synthetic steps and purifications. To address this, we report a drastically improved and scalable process for the synthesis of carbonate monomers via a two-step route that avoids the use of hazardous phosgene or chloroformate reagents. The cyclic carbonate monomers can be obtained in high yields and with minimal need for chromatographic purification. This process enables rapid access to a broad array of functional groups on the carbonate monomer and monomers generated from procedure can readily be polymerized via ring-opening polymerization.
Vertex-centric computation of service function chains in multi-domain networks (2016)

Computation of service function chains in multi-domain networks is critical for enabling the wide deployment of network function visualization for providing end-to-end network services. In this paper, we present a vertex-centric distributed orchestration framework for multi-domain networks, in which physical infrastructure information is maintained locally within each domain without infrastructure information sharing between domains, so that the management and control of multi-domain networks can be significantly simplified. We also propose a distributed computing algorithm for mapping a service function chain request in multi-domain networks. Our objective is to find all feasible mappings, from which we can further prune to obtain the optimal solution satisfying different constraints and policies. We implement the proposed algorithm in an open source vertex-centric distributed computing system and simulate two practical network topologies to evaluate the performance, including signaling delay, message overhead, and computation time. Simulation results demonstrate superior efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYCLIC ANALOGS OF 2′‐DEOXYNUCLEOSIDES RELATED TO 9‐((1,3‐DIHYDROXY‐2‐PROPOXY)METHYL)GUANINE AS POTENTIAL ANTIVIRAL AGENTS (1985)

Abstract Verbindungen wie (III) und (IV) werden dargestellt und auf antivirale Aktivität untersucht.
Cross-Linkable Microgel Composite Matrix Bath for Embedded Bioprinting of Perfusable Tissue Constructs and Sculpting of Solid Objects (2020)

Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field, which requires advanced fabrication technologies to generate cell-laden tissue analogues with a wide range of internal and external physical features including perfusable channels, cavities, custom shapes, and spatially varying material and/or cell compositions. A versatile embedded printing methodology is proposed in this work for creating custom biomedical acellular and cell-laden hydrogel constructs by utilizing a biocompatible microgel composite matrix bath. A sacrificial material is patterned within a biocompatible hydrogel precursor matrix bath using extrusion printing to create three-dimensional features; after printing, the matrix bath is cross-linked, and the sacrificial material is flushed away to create perfusable channels within the bulk composite hydrogel matrix. The composite matrix bath material consists of jammed cross-linked hydrogel microparticles (microgels) to control rheology during fabrication along with a fluid hydrogel precursor, which is cross-linked after fabrication to form the continuous phase of the composite hydrogel. For demonstration, gellan or enzymatically cross-linked gelatin microgels are utilized with a continuous gelatin hydrogel precursor solution to make the composite matrix bath herein; the composite hydrogel matrix is formed by cross-linking the continuous gelatin phase enzymatically after printing. A variety of features including discrete channels, junctions, networks, and external contours are fabricated in the proposed composite matrix bath using embedded printing. Cell-laden constructs with printed features are also evaluated; the microgel composite hydrogel matrices support cell activity, and printed channels enhance proliferation compared to solid constructs even in static culture. The proposed method can be expanded as a solid object sculpting method to sculpt external contours by printing a shell of sacrificial ink and further discarding excess composite hydrogel matrix after printing and cross-linking. While aqueous alginate solution is used as a sacrificial ink, more advanced sacrificial materials can be utilized for better printing resolution.
21.3: Compensation of Various LCD Modes by Positive O‐Plates (2006)

Abstract Crossed A‐plates are known to exhibit properties similar to a negative C‐plate. Extending this concept, we examined compensation schemes for Twisted Nematic (TN), Optically Compensated Birefringence (OCB), and Vertically Aligned (VA) modes. By adjusting the tilt angle profile and the phase retardation, considerable improvements in contrast ratio over a wide viewing angle have been achieved for these modes.
Ads Keyword Rewriting Using Search Engine Results (2015)

Paid Search (PS) ads are one of the main revenue sources of online advertising companies where the goal is returning a set of relevant ads for a searched query in search engine websites such as Bing. Typical PS algorithms, return the ads which their Bided Keywords (BKs) are a subset of searched queries or relevant to them. However, there is a huge gap between BKs and searched queries as a considerable amount of BKs are rarely searched by the users. This is mostly due to the rare BKs provided by advertisers. In this paper, we propose an approach to rewrite the rare BKs to more commonly searched keywords, without compromising the original BKs intent, which increases the coverage and depth of PS ads and thus it delivers higher monetization power. In general, we first find the relevant web documents pertaining to the BKs and then extract common keywords using the web doc title and its summary snippets. Experimental results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm in rewriting rare BKs and consequently providing us with a significant improvement in recall and thereby revenue.
Learning On-Road Visual Control for Self-Driving Vehicles with Auxiliary Tasks (2018)

A safe and robust on-road navigation system is a crucial component of achieving fully automated vehicles. NVIDIA recently proposed an End-to-End algorithm that can directly learn steering commands from raw pixels of a front camera by using one convolutional neural network. In this paper, we leverage auxiliary information aside from raw images and design a novel network structure, called Auxiliary Task Network (ATN), to help boost the driving performance while maintaining the advantage of minimal training data and an End-to-End training method. In this network, we introduce human prior knowledge into vehicle navigation by transferring features from image recognition tasks. Image semantic segmentation is applied as an auxiliary task for navigation. We consider temporal information by introducing an LSTM module and optical flow to the network. Finally, we combine vehicle kinematics with a sensor fusion step. We discuss the benefits of our method over state-of-the-art visual navigation methods both in the Udacity simulation environment and on the real-world Comma.ai dataset.
Ultrafast and Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization with Sterically Hindered Strong Bases (2020)

The controlled anionic ring-opening polymerization of lactones and siloxanes is carried out in continuous-flow reactors. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters with strong, soluble bases such as potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) is typically performed as batch reactions, leading to broad dispersity and poor control over the molecular weight (Mn) mainly because of transesterification reactions. Although reactions with strong bases give rise to “uncontrolled” polymerizations, a variety of transition metal-based and organocatalysts have been developed with the goal of reliably controlling the dispersity and Mn. Herein, we show that the rapid mixing and short residence times accessible with a continuous-flow apparatus can enable the controlled polymerization of low-reactivity monomers such as δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone on millisecond time scales using a base [such as KOtBu or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS)] in conjunction with a primary alcohol. These reactions exhibit characteristics capable of producing narrow dispersity with predictable molecular weights and can rapidly generate well-defined block copolymers with residence times below 0.1 s.
Localization from mere connectivity (2003)

It is often useful to know the geographic positions of nodes in a communications network, but adding GPS receivers or other sophisticated sensors to every node can be expensive. We present an algorithm that uses connectivity information who is within communications range of whom to derive the locations of the nodes in the network. The method can take advantage of additional information, such as estimated distances between neighbors or known positions for certain anchor nodes, if it is available. The algorithm is based on multidimensional scaling, a data analysis technique that takes O(n3) time for a network of n nodes. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that the algorithm is more robust to measurement error than previous proposals, especially when nodes are positioned relatively uniformly throughout the plane. Furthermore, it can achieve comparable results using many fewer anchor nodes than previous methods, and even yields relative coordinates when no anchor nodes are available.
Texture space caching and reconstruction for ray tracing (2016)

We present a texture space caching and reconstruction system for Monte Carlo ray tracing. Our system gathers and filters shading on-demand, including querying secondary rays, directly within a filter footprint around the current shading point. We shade on local grids in texture space with primary visibility decoupled from shading. Unique filters can be applied per material, where any terms of the shader can be chosen to be included in each kernel. This is a departure from recent screen space image reconstruction techniques, which typically use a single, complex kernel with a set of large auxiliary guide images as input. We show a number of high-performance use cases for our system, including interactive denoising of Monte Carlo ray tracing with motion/defocus blur, spatial and temporal shading reuse, cached product importance sampling, and filters based on linear regression in texture space.
Rate Distortion Optimized Tone Curve for High Dynamic Range Compression (2014)

International audience
Current-fed quadratic full-bridge buck converter for PV systems interfacing: Dynamic characterization (2011)

Interfacing a single photovoltaic (PV) module into either a single-phase or a three-phase inverter requires an interfacing converter with wide conversion range and sufficient dynamic headroom. In terms of avoiding issues with common-mode currents between the PV module and the inverter, a converter with galvanic isolation is preferred. This is especially important with the emerging thin-film modules that have larger cell-to-frame parasitic capacitances compared to traditional modules. This paper discusses the dynamic characteristics of the current-fed quadratic full-bridge buck converter (CFQFB) in photovoltaic application. The foundation for the proposed topology is based on the concept of true current-fed converters that differ fundamentally from the conventional voltage fed converters. In addition, the paper will discuss the effects emerging from a non-ideal source, paying particular attention to the properties of the PV module. The analytical claims are verified with extensive measurement results from a corresponding 190-W prototype.
Stable, dual mode, high repetition rate mode-locked laser based on a microring resonator (2012)

We demonstrate a novel mode locked ultrafast laser, based on an integrated high-Q microring resonator. Our scheme exhibits stable operation of two slightly shifted spectral optical comb replicas. It generates a highly monochromatic radiofrequency modulation of 65.8MHz with a linewidth < 10kHz, on a 200GHz output pulse train.
Quantifying and Leveraging Predictive Uncertainty for Medical Image\n Assessment (2020)

The interpretation of medical images is a challenging task, often complicated\nby the presence of artifacts, occlusions, limited contrast and more. Most\nnotable is the case of chest radiography, where there is a high inter-rater\nvariability in the detection and classification of abnormalities. This is\nlargely due to inconclusive evidence in the data or subjective definitions of\ndisease appearance. An additional example is the classification of anatomical\nviews based on 2D Ultrasound images. Often, the anatomical context captured in\na frame is not sufficient to recognize the underlying anatomy. Current machine\nlearning solutions for these problems are typically limited to providing\nprobabilistic predictions, relying on the capacity of underlying models to\nadapt to limited information and the high degree of label noise. In practice,\nhowever, this leads to overconfident systems with poor generalization on unseen\ndata. To account for this, we propose a system that learns not only the\nprobabilistic estimate for classification, but also an explicit uncertainty\nmeasure which captures the confidence of the system in the predicted output. We\nargue that this approach is essential to account for the inherent ambiguity\ncharacteristic of medical images from different radiologic exams including\ncomputed radiography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. In our\nexperiments we demonstrate that sample rejection based on the predicted\nuncertainty can significantly improve the ROC-AUC for various tasks, e.g., by\n8% to 0.91 with an expected rejection rate of under 25% for the classification\nof different abnormalities in chest radiographs. In addition, we show that\nusing uncertainty-driven bootstrapping to filter the training data, one can\nachieve a significant increase in robustness and accuracy.\n