gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Versatile microsecond movie camera (1980)

A laboratory-type camera is readily assembled using the following off-the-shelf components: a 3-mW He-Ne laser; an acoustooptic modulator; an electromechanical beam deflector; and a video (TV) tape recorder. The present camera is distinct in its operation in that submicrosecond laser flashes freeze the image motion while still allowing the simplicity of (millisecond range) electromechanical image deflection. The gating and pulse delay circuits of an oscilloscope synchronize the modulator and scanner relative to the subject being photographed. The pictures consist of a 3-64 frame sequence; the interframe time ranged from ~1 microsec to >1000 microsec. Video recording provides immediate monitoring of the picture quality and accuracy of synchronization. A number of variations are available for particular applications. For example, one can change the electrical pulsing to produce either streak or stroboscopic pictures instead of frames, and film can be substituted for video recording in order to retain more details of the image.
Removable silicon insertion stiffeners for neural probes using polyethylene glycol as a biodissolvable adhesive (2012)

Flexible polymer probes are expected to enable extended interaction with neural tissue by minimizing damage from micromotion and reducing inflammatory tissue response. However, their flexibility prevents them from being easily inserted into the tissue. This paper describes an approach for temporarily attaching a silicon stiffener with biodissolvable polyethylene glycol (PEG) so that the stiffener can be released from the probe and extracted shortly after probe placement. A novel stiffener design with wicking channels, along with flip-chip technology, enable accurate alignment of the probe to the stiffener, as well as uniform distribution of the PEG adhesive. Insertion, extraction, and electrode function were tested in both agarose gel and a rat brain. Several geometric and material parameters were tested to minimize probe displacement during stiffener extraction. We demonstrated average probe displacement of 28 ± 9 µm.
Spectral Quantification for High-Resolution MR Spectroscopic Imaging With Spatiospectral Constraints (2016)

The proposed method is expected to be useful for various quantitative MRSI studies.
KNN–NTK composite lead-free piezoelectric ceramic (2014)

A (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic was successfully densified. It exhibited an enhanced electromechanical coupling factor of kp = 0.52, a piezoelectric constant d33 = 252 pC/N, and a frequency constant Np = 3170 Hz m because of the incorporation of an elaborate secondary phase composed primarily of KTiNbO5. The ceramic's nominal composition was 0.92K0.42Na0.44Ca0.04Li0.02Nb0.85O3–0.047K0.85Ti0.85Nb1.15O5–0.023BaZrO3–0.0017Co3O4–0.002Fe2O3–0.005ZnO, abbreviated herein as KNN–NTK composite. The KNN–NTK ceramic exhibited a dense microstructure with few microvoids which significantly degraded its piezoelectric properties. Elemental maps recorded using transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM–EDS) revealed regions of high concentrations of Co and Zn inside the NTK phase. In addition, X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that a small portion of the NTK phase was converted into K2(Ti,Nb,Co,Zn)6O13 or CoZnTiO4 by a possible reaction between Co and Zn solutes and the NTK phase during a programmed sintering schedule. TEM studies also clarified a distortion around the KNN/NTK interfaces. Such an NTK phase filled voids between KNN particles, resulting in an improved chemical stability of the KNN ceramic. The manufacturing process was subsequently scaled to 100 kg per batch for granulated ceramic powder using a spray-drying technique. The properties of the KNN–NTK composite ceramic produced using the scaled-up method were confirmed to be identical to those of the ceramic prepared by conventional solid-state reaction sintering. Consequently, slight changes in the NTK phase composition and the distortion around the KNN/NTK interfaces affected the KNN–NTK composite ceramic's piezoelectric characteristics.
Reported Side Effects, Weight and Blood Pressure, After Repeated Sessions of Transcranial Photobiomodulation (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) consists in the delivery of near-infrared light (NIR) to the scalp, directed to cortical areas of the brain. NIR t-PBM recently emerged as a potential therapy for depression, although safety of repeated treatments has not been adequately explored. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study assessed incidence of side effects, including weight and blood pressure changes, during repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM using a light-emitting diode source. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a secondary analysis of a double-blind clinical trial on t-PBM for major depressive disorder. Eighteen individuals received NIR t-PBM (<i>n</i> = 9) or sham (<i>n</i> = 9) twice weekly for 8 weeks. Side effects were assessed using the Systematic Assessment for Treatment-Emergent Effects-Specific Inquiry. In 14 individuals (n<sub>NIR</sub> = 6 vs. n<sub>sham</sub> = 8), body weight and systemic blood pressure were recorded at baseline and end-point. <b><i>Results:</i></b> More subjects in the NIR t-PBM group experienced side effects compared to sham, but only a trend for statistical significance was observed (χ<sup>2</sup> = 3.60; <i>df</i> = 1; <i>p</i> = 0.058). The rate of side effects described by participants as "severe" in intensity was low and similar between the treatment groups (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.4; <i>df</i> = 1; <i>p</i> = 0.53), with no serious adverse events. Most side effects resolved during the study and treatment interruption were not required. Changes in weight and systolic blood pressure across groups were neither significant nor approached significance. In the NIR t-PBM group, diastolic blood pressure increased and reached statistical-however not clinical-significance (5.67 ± 7.26 vs. -6.13 ± 6.88; <i>z</i> = -2.40, <i>p</i> = 0.016). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This small-sample, exploratory study indicates repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM might be associated with treatment-emergent side effects. The systemic metabolic and hemodynamic profile of repeated t-PBM appeared benign. Future studies with larger samples and longer follow-up are needed to more accurately determine the side-effect profile and safety of NIR t-PBM.
New Benzo[<i>h</i>]quinoline‐Based Ligands and their Pincer Ru and Os Complexes for Efficient Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds (2008)

New benzo[h]quinoline ligands (HCN'N) containing a CHRNH2 (R=H (a), Me (b), tBu (c)) function in the 2-position were prepared starting from benzo[h]quinoline N-oxide (in the case of ligand a) and 2-chlorobenzo[h]quinoline (for ligands b and c). These compounds were used to prepare ruthenium and osmium complexes, which are excellent catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketones. The reaction of a with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] in 2-propanol at reflux afforded the terdentate CN'N complex [RuCl(CN'N)(PPh3)2] (1), whereas the complexes [RuCl(CN'N)(dppb)] (2-4; dppb=Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2) were obtained from [RuCl2(PPh3)(dppb)] with a-c, respectively. Employment of (R,S)-Josiphos, (S,R)-Josiphos*, (S,S)-Skewphos, and (S)-MeO-Biphep in combination with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and ligand a gave the chiral derivatives [RuCl(CN'N)(PP)] (5-8). The osmium complex [OsCl(CN'N)(dppb)] (12) was prepared by treatment of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with dppb and ligand a. Reaction of the chloride 2 and 12 with NaOiPr in 2-propanol/toluene afforded the hydride complexes [MH(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 10, Os 14), through elimination of acetone from [M(OiPr)(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 9, Os 13). The species 9 and 13 easily reacted with 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, via 10 and 14, respectively, affording the corresponding isolable alkoxides [M(OR)(CN'N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 11, Os 15). The complexes [MX(CN'N)(P2)] (1-15) (M=Ru, Os; X=Cl, H, OR; P=PPh3 and P2=diphosphane) are efficient catalysts for the TH of carbonyl compounds with 2-propanol in the presence of NaOiPr (2 mol %). Turnover frequency (TOF) values up to 1.8x10(6) h(-1) have been achieved using 0.02-0.001 mol % of catalyst. Much the same activity has been observed for the Ru--Cl, --H, --OR, and the Os--Cl derivatives, whereas the Os--H and Os--OR derivatives display significantly lower activity on account of their high oxygen sensitivity. The chiral Ru complexes 5-8 catalyze the asymmetric TH of methyl-aryl ketones with TOF approximately 10(5) h(-1) at 60 degrees C, up to 97 % enatiomeric excess (ee) and remarkably high productivity (0.005 mol % catalyst loading). High catalytic activity (TOF up to 2.2x10(5) h(-1)) and enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee) have also been achieved with the in-situ-generated catalysts prepared from [MCl2(PPh3)3], (S,R)-Josiphos or (S,R)-Josiphos*, and the benzo[h]quinoline ligands a-c.
Development of a biosensor for assaying postmortem nucleotide degradation in fish tissues (1990)

An enzyme sensor system has been developed to assess the freshness level in fish tissue. The system was designed to measure the K value, the concentration ratio of [Hx + HxR] and [Hx + HxR + IMP], where Hx, HxR, and IMP are hypoxanthine, inosine and inosine-5'-monophosphate, respectively. The [Hx + HxR] concentration in tissue extract was measured by nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase immobilized on a preactivated nylon membrane and attached to the tip of a polarographic electrode. The electrode amperometrically detected the products of degradation, hydrogen peroxide and uric acid. For determination of [IMP + HxR + Hx], IMP was first converted to HxR by nucleotidase immobilized on the wall of a polystyrene tube. The enzyme electrode consisting of nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase provided excellent reproducible results for at least 40 repeated assays and immobilized nucleotidase was good for at least 40 assays as well. The K value for each sample could be determined in ca. 10 min. When applied to K value measurements in several fish meats, the results obtained agreed well with those obtained by the conventional enzymatic method.
Long-Range Alpha Detector (LRAD) technology applied to ER and D&D problems (1993)

Standard alpha detectors are severely limited when monitoring alpha contamination on large surfaces and the inside surfaces of pipes, ducts, and equipment. The Long-Range Alpha Detector (LRAD) system overcomes these problems by detecting the ion pairs created by an alpha particle in ambient air, rather than the alpha particle directly. These ion pairs are transported to a collection grid by either an air current or an electric field and create a small electric current (typically 10{sup {minus}13} to 10{sup {minus}14} A) that is read by an electrometer and displayed on a data acquisition system. This method of detection is used to create monitoring systems for both the environmental restoration and decontamination and decommissioning fields.
Cloning of a Truncated <i>Babesia equi</i> Gene Encoding an 82-Kilodalton Protein and Its Potential Use in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2002)

To isolate Babesia equi genes encoding immunodominant proteins, a cDNA expression library prepared from B. equi mRNA was immunoscreened with B. equi-infected horse serum. Eighteen positive cDNA clones were obtained, and the clone that showed the strongest immunoreactivity, designated Be82, was further characterized. The Be82 gene consisted of 1,953 bp and contained a partial open reading frame lacking the 5'-terminal sequence. As shown by Western blot analyses, immune sera from mice intraperitoneally injected with the Be82 gene product recognized the 82- and 52-kDa proteins of B. equi but not those of Babesia caballi. The glutathione S-transferase fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli that was purified and used as the antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reacted specifically with B. equi-infected horse sera. These results suggest that the Be82 gene product is a potential diagnostic antigen candidate in the detection of B. equi infection in horses that will be useful both in the performance of epidemiological studies and in the granting of quarantine passes.
Nanotip Carpets as Antireflection Surfaces (2008)

Carpet-like random arrays of metal-coated silicon nanotips have been shown to be effective as antireflection surfaces. Now undergoing development for incorporation into Sun sensors that would provide guidance for robotic exploratory vehicles on Mars, nanotip carpets of this type could also have many uses on Earth as antireflection surfaces in instruments that handle or detect ultraviolet, visible, or infrared light. In the original Sun-sensor application, what is required is an array of 50-micron-diameter apertures on what is otherwise an opaque, minimally reflective surface, as needed to implement a miniature multiple-pinhole camera. The process for fabrication of an antireflection nanotip carpet for this application (see Figure 1) includes, and goes somewhat beyond, the process described in A New Process for Fabricating Random Silicon Nanotips (NPO-40123), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 1 (November 2004), page 62. In the first step, which is not part of the previously reported process, photolithography is performed to deposit etch masks to define the 50-micron apertures on a silicon substrate. In the second step, which is part of the previously reported process, the non-masked silicon area between the apertures is subjected to reactive ion etching (RIE) under a special combination of conditions that results in the growth of fluorine-based compounds in randomly distributed formations, known in the art as RIE grass, that have dimensions of the order of microns. The polymer RIE grass formations serve as microscopic etch masks during the next step, in which deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is performed. What remains after DRIE is the carpet of nano - tips, which are high-aspect-ratio peaks, the tips of which have radii of the order of nanometers. Next, the nanotip array is evaporatively coated with Cr/Au to enhance the absorption of light (more specifically, infrared light in the Sun-sensor application). The photoresist etch masks protecting the apertures are then removed by dipping the substrate into acetone. Finally, for the Sun-sensor application, the back surface of the substrate is coated with a 57-nm-thick layer of Cr for attenuation of sunlight.
Estimation of the sea surface radar cross section at HF from second order Doppler spectrum characteristics (1982)

Abstract : A technique is developed for estimating the radar cross section of the sea surface at HF (2-30 MHz) from two simple measurements made of the radar Doppler spectrum. These are: the ratio of approach/recede Bragg line energy, and the ratio of strongest Bragg line amplitude to average value amplitude of second-order backscatter at zero Doppler frequency. A nomograph is given, based on a theoretical model of second-order scatter developed by the author, which then allows one to determine the number of decibels the Bragg ocean spectral component is down from the classical Phillips asymptotic value, used here only for a reference. Comparison is made with some surface wave data for three different cases in which buoy data are available for comparison with multi- frequency radar data collected simultaneously at two different look angles. An example is also shown where such a calculation can be used to estimate the cross section of a target return existing within the same Doppler spectrum. Limitations of the technique are also discussed.
Quinoid heteropentacenes as promising organic semiconductors for field-effect transistor applications (2009)

We report on a quinoid heteropentacene as p-type semiconductor in organic field-effect transistors. Both single crystal and thin-film transistors were fabricated with 7,14-diphenyl-chromeno[2,3-b]xanthene (DPCX). In this small molecule organic semiconductor the field-effect mobility is as high as 0.16 cm2/Vs in single-crystal devices and 0.01 cm2/Vs in thin-film devices. In addition, the devices show favorable properties such as near zero onset/threshold voltages and a small current hysteresis. X-ray diffraction experiments show the molecules to be arranged in slipped stacks and to have a flat backbone in the crystals. For thin films of DPCX the situation is complicated by the coexistence of a thin-film phase with the bulk phase. However, a comparison of DPCX thin films on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-treated and bare SiO2 gate dielectrics provides clear evidence that the OTS surface treatment leads to organic thin films with a better structural order. The low-cost synthesis and purification of DPCX along with the improved processability and the good electrical characteristics suggest that quinoid heteropentacenes are promising materials for organic field-effect transistors.
Design and Properties of Glass-Ceramics (1992)

Glass-ceramics are microcrystalline solids produced by the controlled devitrification of glass. Glasses are melted, fabricated to shape, and then converted by heat treatment to a predominantly crystalline ceramic. The basis of controlled crystallization lies in efficient internal nucleation ( 1), which allows development of fine, randomly oriented grains without voids, microcracks, or other porosity. A unique manufacturing advantage of glass-ceramics over conventional ceramics is the ability to use high-speed plastic forming processes developed in the glass industry (e.g. pressing, blowing, rolling, etc.) to create complex shapes essentially free of internal inhomogeneities. Because glass-ceramic compositions are designed to crystallize, however, they can­ not be held for long periods at temperatures below the liquidus during the forming process. Therefore, the viscosity at the liquidus temperature is critical both in the choice of a forming process and in the choice of a glass composition. The properties of glass-ceramics depend upon both composition and microstructure. The bulk chemical composition controls the ability to form a glass and its degree of workability. In order to achieve internal nucleation, suitable nucleating agents are melted into the glass. Bulk com­ position also directly determines the potential crystalline phase assem­ blage, and this in turn governs the general physical and chemical charac­ teristics, e.g. hardness, density, acid resistance, etc. Secondly, but equally important, is the importance of microstructure. Microstructure is the key
Bound zeolite catalyst and process for using the catalyst (1987)

A process is described for reforming naphtha. The process comprises (a) contacting the naphtha in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising a binder, a type L zeolite containing exchangeable cations of which at least 75% are selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium and barium, at least one Group VIII noble metal, the particles of which are well dispersed over the surface of the catalyst and at least 90% of the noble metal associated with the zeolite is in the form of particles having a diameter of less than about 7 A; and (b) recovering reformed product.
Targeted Drug Delivery and Penetration Into Solid Tumors (2011)

Delivery and penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumors are limited by a number of factors related to abnormal vasculature and altered stroma composition in neoplastic tissues. Coupling of chemotherapeutic drugs with tumor vasculature-homing peptides or administration of drugs in combination with biological agents that affect the integrity of the endothelial lining of tumor vasculature is an appealing strategy to improve drug delivery to tumor cells. Promising approaches to achieve this goal are based on the use of Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR)-containing peptides as ligands for drug delivery and of NGR-TNF, a peptide-tumor necrosis factor-α fusion protein that selectively alters drug penetration barriers and that is currently tested in a randomized Phase III trial in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Speaker adaptive training for deep neural networks embedding linear transformation networks (2015)

Recently, a novel speaker adaptation method was proposed that applied the Speaker Adaptive Training (SAT) concept to a speech recognizer consisting of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), and its utility was demonstrated. This method implements the SAT scheme by allocating one Speaker Dependent (SD) module for each training speaker to one of the intermediate layers of the front-end DNN. It then jointly optimizes the SD modules and the other part of network, which is shared by all the speakers. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the above SAT-based adaptation scheme for a DNN-HMM recognizer. Our new training adopts a Linear Transformation Network (LTN) for the SD module, and such LTN employment leads to more appropriate regularization in both the SAT and adaptation stages by replacing an empirically selected anchorage of a network for regularization in the preceding SAT-DNN-HMM with a SAT-optimized anchorage. We elaborate the effectiveness of our proposed method over TED Talks corpus data. Our experimental results show that a speaker-adapted recognizer using our method achieves a significant word error rate reduction of 9.2 points from a baseline SI-DNN recognizer and also steadily outperforms speaker-adapted recognizers, each of which originates from the preceding SAT-based DNN-HMM.
In vivo measurement of T<sub>1ρ</sub> dispersion in the human brain at 1.5 tesla (2004)

T1rho-weighted MRI provides images of the brain with superb contrast and detail. T1rho values measured in the different brain tissues will serve as useful baseline values for analysis of T1rho changes associated with pathology.
Cholecystokinin antagonists. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-substituted 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines (1988)

A series of 4-substituted 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines was prepared by standard methodology. These compounds were tested in vitro as antagonists of the binding of [125I]cholecystokinin (CCK) to rat pancreas and guinea pig brain receptors and of the binding of [125I]gastrin to guinea pig gastric glands. All compounds proved to have greater affinity for the peripheral CCK receptor with some analogues having IC50's in the subnanomolar range. In vivo activity of selected compounds in mice is presented and the structure/activity profile of this class of benzodiazepines as CCK antagonists is discussed.
Development and Characterization of Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole/Sulfonated Polysulfone Blend Polymer Electrolytes for Fuel Cells (2001)

Polymeric membranes from blends of sulfonated polysulfones SPSF and polybenzimidazole PBI doped with phosphoric acid were developed as potential high-temperature polymer electrolytes for fuel cells and other electrochemical applications. The water uptake and acid doping of these polymeric membranes were investigated. Ionic conductivity of the membranes was measured in relation to temperature, acid doping level, sulfonation degree of SPSF, relative humidity, and blend composition. The conductivity of SPSF was of the order of 10 3 S cm 1 . In the case of blends of PBI and SPSF it was found to be higher than 10 2 S cm 1 . Much improvement in the mechanical strength is observed for the blend polymer membranes, especially at higher temperatures. Preliminary work has demonstrated the feasibility of these polymeric membranes for fuel-cell applications.