gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-4 signaling plays a major role in urogenital schistosomiasis-associated bladder pathogenesis (2019)

Abstract IL-4 is crucial in many helminth infections, but its role in urogenital schistosomiasis, infection with Schistosoma haematobium worms, remains poorly understood due to a historical lack of animal models. The bladder pathology of urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by immune responses to eggs deposited in the bladder wall. A range of pathology occurs, including urothelial hyperplasia and cancer, but associated mechanisms and links to IL-4 are largely unknown. We modeled urogenital schistosomiasis by injecting the bladder walls of IL-4 receptor-alpha knockout( Il4ra −/− ) and wild type mice with S. haematobium eggs. Readouts included bladder histology and ex vivo assessments of urothelial proliferation, cell cycle and ploidy status. We also quantified the effects of exogenous IL-4 on urothelial cell proliferation in vitro , including cell cycle status and phosphorylation patterns of major downstream regulators in the IL-4 signaling pathway. There was a significant decrease in the intensity of granulomatous responses to bladder-wall injected S. haematobium eggs in Il4ra −/− versus wild type mice. S. haematobium egg injection triggered significant urothelial proliferation, including evidence of urothelial hyperdiploidy and cell cycle skewing in wild type but not Il4ra −/− mice. Urothelial exposure to IL-4 in vitro led to cell cycle polarization and increased phosphorylation of AKT. Our results show IL-4 signaling is required for key pathogenic features of urogenital schistosomiasis, and that particular aspects of this signaling pathway may exert these effects directly on the urothelium. These findings point to potential mechanisms by which urogenital schistosomiasis promotes bladder carcinogenesis.
WT1 PEPTIDE VACCINATION FOR MALIGNANT GLIOMAS AS A PART OF MULTI-MODAL THERAPY (2014)

BACKGROUND: We have been conducting clinical trials of peptide vaccination targeting WT1 gene product against malignant gliomas. Given the results of phase II trial for recurrent malignant gliomas (Izumoto, Hashimoto et al., J Neurosurg 2008), we performed recursive partitioning analyses (RPA) (Carson et al., J Clin Oncol, 2007). We have also completed phase I trial of combined temozolomide (TMZ) and WT1 vaccination for newly diagnosed glioblastomas (GBM). METHODS: After the Kaplan-Meier analyses giving median PFS and OS, 70 patients with recurrent gliomas who entered into the phase II trial were classified into RPA classes, following Carson et al. Seven patients were enrolled into phase I study for newly diagnosed GBM. They underwent combined TMZ and WT1 vaccination just after the initial RT/TMZ. In both studies, immunological response was analyzed on WT1-specific T cells induction in peripheral blood, delayed type hypersensitivity as well as intra-tumoral immune cell analysis when surgery was indicated after vaccination. In the phase II study, predictive or prognostic indicators were extensively investigated. Although we have originally used RECIST criteria for MRI evaluation, we tried to directly compare RECIST, Macdonald, RANO and irRC using datasets from 50 GBM patients in terms of survival prediction. RESULTS: Median OS in 7 classes (I to VII) obtained by RPA showed the same tendency for OS ranking, and 6 of 7 classes (class II to VII) presented longer OS as compared with Carsons. Hazard ratio calculated for WT1 vaccination was 0.372, which was better than those with other agents used in previously published phase I/II studies. Seven patients with combined TMZ and WT1 vaccination tolerated well and showed no adverse events above CTCAE grade III, except for grade III lymphocytopenia in 71.4% of patients possibly due to preceded RT/TMZ therapy. PFS ranged from 5.2 to 37.1 months (median 31.5 months). We have confirmed the induction of WT1 specific T cells in the majority of patients of both studies. Patients showed longer survival statistically, who had stronger expression of WT1 protein on the tumor cells, DTH turning to be positive and methionine uptake decreased within 3 months. An evaluation by RANO was statistically correlated best with OS among those 4 criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Multivariate analysis with RPA showed the efficacy of WT1 vaccination with some predictive indicators. The following phase I study revealed the safe combination of TMZ and WT1, and throw light on the new multi-modal strategy. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Clinical Neuro-Oncology.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Enzyme, Maltooligosyl Trehalose Trehalohydrolase, from<i>Arthrobacter</i>sp. Q36 (1995)

A novel enzyme, maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase from Arthrobacter sp. Q36 was purified from a cell-free extract to an electrophoretically pure state by successive column chromatography on Sepabeads FP-DA13, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, DEAE-Toyopearl 650S, and Toyopearl HW-55S. The enzyme specifically catalyzed the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage that bound the maltooligosyl and trehalose moieties of maltooligosyl trehalose. The Km of the enzyme for maltosyl trehalose, maltotriosyl trehalose, maltotetraosyl trehalose, and maltopentaosyl trehalose was 5.5 mM, 4.6 mM, 7.0 mM, and 4.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 62,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a pI of 4.1 by gel isoelectrofocusing. The N-terminal amino acid of the enzyme was threonine. The enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 6.5 and 45 degrees C, and was stable from pH 5.0 to 10.0 and up to 45 degrees C. The activity was inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+.
Power Allocation for a Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access System (2016)

This letter investigates power allocation for a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access system with a base station and two users. We first formulate an optimization problem for the single-input single-output (SISO) case in terms of power allocation between two users for maximizing the sum capacity under a total power constraint and a quality-of-service condition that the minimum rate requirement of each user is satisfied. Two closed-form solutions are subsequently derived. Then we extend the SISO solutions to a multiple-input multiple-output scenario. As compared to the optimal and the suboptimal approach presented in a recent work, the proposed schemes achieve close sum capacity performance with much lower computational complexity.
External cavity laser biosensor (2012)

We have demonstrated a novel single-mode continuous-wave narrow bandwidth emission and widely tunable external cavity laser biosensor that simultaneously achieves high resolution, high sensitivity and large dynamic range.
Use of a Cadmium Telluride Detector in a New Tiny Personal Radiation Chirper (1979)

By use of a CdTe crystal coupled to newly designed, low power electronics, we have developed a new personal radiation chirper that is superior to existing instruments. The device emits audible chirps or beeps at a rate proportional to the photon radiation exposure to the wearer. The device is small (6.2 cm high by 3.2 cm wide by 1.7 cm thick) and of low mass (50 grams) and is made to be clipped to the shirt collar of the wearer. The instrument has long continuous-use battery life and is sensitive over a large photon energy and exposure rate span.
High‐Throughput Continuous Production of Shear‐Exfoliated 2D Layered Materials using Compressible Flows (2018)

2D nanomaterials are finding numerous applications in next-generation electronics, consumer goods, energy generation and storage, and healthcare. The rapid rise of utility and applications for 2D nanomaterials necessitates developing means for their mass production. This study details a new compressible flow exfoliation method for producing 2D nanomaterials using a multiphase flow of 2D layered materials suspended in a high-pressure gas undergoing expansion. The expanded gas-solid mixture is sprayed in a suitable solvent, where a significant portion (up to 10% yield) of the initial hexagonal boron nitride material is found to be exfoliated with a mean thickness of 4.2 nm. The exfoliation is attributed to the high shear rates (γ˙ > 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> ) generated by supersonic flow of compressible gases inside narrow orifices and converging-diverging channels. This method has significant advantages over current 2D material exfoliation methods, such as chemical intercalation and exfoliation, as well as liquid phase shear exfoliation, with the most obvious benefit being the fast, continuous nature of the process. Other advantages include environmentally friendly processing, reduced occurrence of defects, and the versatility to be applied to any 2D layered material using any gaseous medium. Scaling this process to industrial production has a strong possibility of reducing the cost of creating 2D nanomaterials.
Bidimensional near-field sampling spectrometry (2010)

We report on a concept of compact optical Fourier-transform spectrometer based on bidimensional (2D) spatial sampling of a confined interferogram. The spectrometer consists of a nanostructured glass surface on which two light beams interfere in total internal reflection. Subwavelength spatial sampling of the interferogram near field is achieved by introducing a tilt angle between a 2D array of optical nanoantennas and the interferogram pattern. The intensity distribution of the scattered light is recorded on a 2D CCD camera, and a one-dimensional Fourier transform of the interferogram is used to recover the input light spectrum. Experimental results show a wide spectral bandwidth in the visible range, down to 380 nm, with spectral resolution of 1.6 nm around 780 nm.
ECG-based machine-learning algorithms for heartbeat classification (2021)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals represent the electrical activity of the human hearts and consist of several waveforms (P, QRS, and T). The duration and shape of each waveform and the distances between different peaks are used to diagnose heart diseases. In this work, to better analyze ECG signals, a new algorithm that exploits two-event related moving-averages (TERMA) and fractional-Fourier-transform (FrFT) algorithms is proposed. The TERMA algorithm specifies certain areas of interest to locate desired peak, while the FrFT rotates ECG signals in the time-frequency plane to manifest the locations of various peaks. The proposed algorithm's performance outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms. Moreover, to automatically classify heart disease, estimated peaks, durations between different peaks, and other ECG signal features were used to train a machine-learning model. Most of the available studies uses the MIT-BIH database (only 48 patients). However, in this work, the recently reported Shaoxing People's Hospital (SPH) database, which consists of more than 10,000 patients, was used to train the proposed machine-learning model, which is more realistic for classification. The cross-database training and testing with promising results is the uniqueness of our proposed machine-learning model.
Domain V Peptides Inhibit β2-Glycoprotein I-Mediated Mesenteric Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Tissue Damage and Inflammation (2010)

Reperfusion of ischemic tissue induces significant tissue damage in multiple conditions, including myocardial infarctions, stroke, and transplantation. Although not as common, the mortality rate of mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (IR) remains >70%. Although complement and naturally occurring Abs are known to mediate significant damage during IR, the target Ags are intracellular molecules. We investigated the role of the serum protein, β2-glycoprotein I as an initiating Ag for Ab recognition and β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) peptides as a therapeutic for mesenteric IR. The time course of β2-GPI binding to the tissue indicated binding and complement activation within 15 min postreperfusion. Treatment of wild-type mice with peptides corresponding to the lipid binding domain V of β2-GPI blocked intestinal injury and inflammation, including cellular influx and cytokine and eicosanoid production. The optimal therapeutic peptide (peptide 296) contained the lysine-rich region of domain V. In addition, damage and most inflammation were also blocked by peptide 305, which overlaps with peptide 296 but does not contain the lysine-rich, phospholipid-binding region. Importantly, peptide 296 retained efficacy after replacement of cysteine residues with serine. In addition, infusion of wild-type serum containing reduced levels of anti-β2-GPI Abs into Rag-1(-/-) mice prevented IR-induced intestinal damage and inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest that the serum protein β2-GPI initiates the IR-induced intestinal damage and inflammatory response and as such is a critical therapeutic target for IR-induced damage and inflammation.
Connection force measurement of precision small interference components using ultrasound (2023)

Precision small interference components are mainly assembled using the press-fit method. Interface wear is inevitable in the press-fit process, which will reduce the connection strength. Pull-out experiments are the main means of measuring the connection force, but they are not available in the production process for its destructive characteristics. In this study, a nondestructive testing method for connection force based on ultrasound is proposed. An acoustic model was constructed based on the virtual layer model and statistical microcontact theory, which can be used to obtain the R- K n - P mapping relationship. An ultrasonic measurement device was built manufactured and calibrated to achieve accurate alignment of the ultrasonic transducer with the interference component and accurate measurement of contact stress. The coaxiality error between the fixture and the turntable is less within ±5.9 μm. The parallelism errors between the turntable and Z-axis stage in the xoz- and yoz-plane are 0.0894° and 0.0662°, respectively. The measurement error due to the transducer positioning error is less than 1.5%. The equivalent static friction coefficient was proposed to compensate R- K n - P calibration error and measurement error. The integral expression of the connection force was given. Finally, the connection force of the interference components was measured and verified by pull-out experiments. The measurement error is within ±10%.
Growth method, optical properties, and application of organic nonlinear optical crystal 2-adamantylamino-5-nitropyridine (1997)

Organic second-order nonlinear optical crystals are expected to be more useful than inorganic crystals such as LiNbO3 or KTiOPO4 (KTP) because oftheir larger nonlinear susceptibility (2))• A long interaction length in the phase-matched direction is required to obtain devices with high wavelength conversion efficiency. We have devised an indirect laser-heated pedestal growth (ILHPG) method in which the growth direction oforganic crystal can be controlled. We have successfully applied the method to grow organic nonlinear optical crystal 2-adamanthylamino-5-nitropyridine(AANP). The grown AANP has been characterized in terms ofits linear and nonlinear optical properties. The results show that Type II angle-tuned phasematched wavelength conversions, such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and optical parametric generation (OPG), are possible in the wavelength region from 1.2 to 1.7 tim. This means, it is possible for AANP to provide Type II angle-tuned phase-matched wavelength conversion with high efficiency foroptical communications systems. As an example, the AANP was applied for optical sampling measurements. In addition, reducing absorption in the AANP crystal by using a deuterated denvertive ofAANP increases the SHG efficiency at 1.55 .tm.
6D-2 MEMS-Enabled Miniaturized Particulate Matter Monitor Employing 1.6 GHz Aluminum Nitride Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator (FBAR) and Thermophoretic Precipitator (2007)

We describe a miniaturized MEMS particulate matter (PM) monitor that employs the deposition of particulates from a sample stream onto a 1.6 GHz piezoelectric thin-film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) by means of thermophoresis, and determination of the mass deposited by measuring the resonant frequency shift of a Pierce oscillator. Real-time measurements made in an environmental chamber over several weeks and during a week-long field study in a residence showed excellent correlation with the responses of other commercial aerosol instruments. An added mass of 1 pg could be resolved with the sensor, and the level of detection was 18 mug / m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The monitor weighs 114 g, has a volume of approximately 245 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , consumes less than 100 mW, and would cost less than $100 USD in small quantities. Efforts to further miniaturize the sensor and integrate it with a cell-phone are described.
A simple user interface system for recovering patterns repeating in time and frequency in mixtures of sounds (2015)

Repetition is a fundamental element in generating and perceiving structure in audio. Especially in music, structures tend to be composed of patterns that repeat through time (e.g., rhythmic elements in a musical accompaniment), and also frequency (e.g., different notes of the same instrument). The auditory system has the remarkable ability to parse such patterns by identifying repetitions within the audio mixture. On this basis, we propose a simple user interface system for recovering patterns repeating in time and frequency in mixtures of sounds. A user selects a region in the log-frequency spectrogram of an audio recording from which she/he wishes to recover a repeating pattern masked by an undesired element (e.g., a note masked by a cough). The selected region is then cross-correlated with the spectrogram to identify similar regions where the underlying pattern repeats. The identified regions are finally averaged over their repetitions and the repeating pattern is recovered.
Optimizing the Weighted-sum Signal to Represent the Actual Force Output from the Vibrator (2010)

Vibrators are the most widely used land seismic sources. To obtain a high quality image of the subsurface, it is important and necessary to know the outgoing signal from the vibrator. This outgoing signal is called the vibrator ground force and is often estimated by using a weighted sum of accelerations of the reaction mass and the baseplate. This weighted-sum method has a limited frequency bandwidth because of the low rigidity of the vibrator baseplate. Using force sensors such as load cells can provide a true measurement of the vibrator ground force, but are not yet robust enough for routine use. With an optimized baseplate accelerometer position on a stiffer baseplate the weighted-sum method yields a significantly better representation for the vibrator ground force. This finding is also supported by the proportional relationship between harmonic components of the weighted-sum signal and the far-field signal.
Circuit-based Boolean Reasoning (2001)

Many tasks in CAD, such as equivalence checking, property checking, logic synthesis, and false paths analysis require efficient Boolean reasoning for problems derived from circuit structures. Traditionally, canonical representations, e. g., BDDs, or SAT- based search methods are used to solve a particular class of problems. In this paper we present a combination of techniques for Boolean reasoning based on BDDs, structural transformations, and a SAT procedure natively working on a shared graph representation of the problem. The described intertwined integration of the three techniques results in a robust summation of their orthogonal strengths. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Intranasal Immunization of Ferrets with Commercial Trivalent Influenza Vaccines Formulated in a Nanoemulsion-Based Adjuvant (2011)

NB-1008 is a surfactant-stabilized soybean oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant with influenza virus antigen incorporated into the NE by simple mixing. Intranasal administration of the antigen with NE adjuvant efficiently produces both mucosal and serum antibody responses as well as a robust cellular Th1 immune response. To demonstrate the adjuvant effect of the W(80)5EC NE, a killed commercial influenza vaccine for intramuscular administration (Fluzone or Fluvirin) was mixed with the W(80)5EC NE adjuvant and administered intranasally to naïve ferrets. After a single intranasal immunization, the adjuvanted influenza vaccine elicited elevated serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titers (GMTs) ranging from 196 to 905 for the three hemagglutinin (HA) antigens present in the vaccine, which are approximately 19- to 90-fold higher titers at 1/50 the standard intramuscular commercial nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine dose. Seroconversion rates of 67% to 100% were achieved against each of the three viral strains present. The adjuvanted nasal influenza vaccine also produced significant cross immunity to five other H3N2 influenza virus strains not present in the vaccine and produced sterile immunity after challenge with homologous live virus. No safety issues were observed in 249 ferrets receiving the adjuvanted influenza vaccine. These findings demonstrate the ability of W(80)5EC NE to adjuvant nasally administered influenza vaccine and provide a basis for studying the intranasal W(80)5EC-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in humans.
Lightweight mutual authentication for CoAP (WIP) (2014)

This draft presents a work-in-progress on a challenge-response based
lightweight authentication scheme to mutually authenticate CoAP client
and server for establishing a secure unicast communication channel.
The draft discusses the generic idea behind the proposed
authentication scheme, as well as presents its CoAP specific adoption.
The proposed scheme has low communication overhead and can be a robust
alternative against the usual DTLS based connection initiation scheme
with PSK.
Traveling-wave photon-phonon coupling as the basis for new signal processing technologies (2014)

We present progress towards the development of novel hybrid photonic-phononic oscillator technologies in both nanoscale silicon photonics and in fiber optic systems. These systems utilize traveling-wave photon-phonon couplings involving both stimulated Brillouin scattering processes (SBS). We explore numerous geometries that have enabled large forward-SBS processes in nanoscale silicon waveguides for the first time, and examine new approaches to achieving integrated Brillouin based signal processing.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure Activity of a Highly Selective α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist (2007)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that contain an alpha7 subunit are widely distributed in neuronal and nonneuronal tissue. These receptors are implicated in the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and in functions ranging from thought processing to inflammation. Currently available ligands for alpha7 nAChRs have substantial affinity for one or more other nAChR subtypes, including those with an alpha1, alpha3, alpha6, and/or alpha9 subunit. An alpha-conotoxin gene was cloned from Conus arenatus. Predicted peptides were synthesized and found to potently block alpha3-, alpha6-, and alpha7-containing nAChRs. Structure-activity information regarding conotoxins from distantly related Conus species was employed to modify the C. arenatus derived toxin into a novel, highly selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist. This ligand, alpha-CtxArIB[V11L,V16D], has low nanomolar affinity for rat alpha7 homomers expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and antagonism is slowly reversible. Kinetic analysis provided insight into the mechanism of antagonism. alpha-CtxArIB interacts with five ligand binding sites per alpha7 receptor, and occupation of a single site is sufficient to block function. The peptide was also shown to be highly selective in competition binding assays in rat brain membranes. alpha-CtxArIB[V11L,V16D] is the most selective ligand yet reported for alpha7 nAChRs.