gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D nanostructured inkjet printed graphene via UV-pulsed laser irradiation enables paper-based electronics and electrochemical devices (2016)

Emerging research on printed and flexible graphene-based electronics is beginning to show tremendous promise for a wide variety of fields including wearable sensors and thin film transistors. However, post-print annealing/reduction processes that are necessary to increase the electrical conductivity of the printed graphene degrade sensitive substrates (e.g., paper) and are whole substrate processes that are unable to selectively anneal/reduce only the printed graphene-leaving sensitive device components exposed to damaging heat or chemicals. Herein a pulsed laser process is introduced that can selectively irradiate inkjet printed reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and subsequently improve the electrical conductivity (Rsheet∼0.7 kΩ□(-1)) of printed graphene above previously published reports. Furthermore, the laser process is capable of developing 3D petal-like graphene nanostructures from 2D planar printed graphene. These visible morphological changes display favorable electrochemical sensing characteristics-ferricyanide cyclic voltammetry with a redox peak separation (ΔEp) ≈ 0.7 V as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amperometry with a sensitivity of 3.32 μA mM(-1) and a response time of <5 s. Thus this work paves the way for not only paper-based electronics with graphene circuits, it enables the creation of low-cost and disposable graphene-based electrochemical electrodes for myriad applications including sensors, biosensors, fuel cells, and theranostic devices.
Hybrid interference suppression for multistatic radar (2008)

The accurate estimation of a monostatic radar range profile is considered when in the presence of multistatic radar interference for which the illuminating waveforms are assumed known. In an effort to approach the ideal interference-free performance, the range–domain ‘beamforming’ properties of the recently developed multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm is herein combined with the well-known CLEAN algorithm which operates on an interference-subtraction basis. Two versions of this hybridised methodology are presented and compared. To ascertain relative sensitivity, both the mean-squared error and the probability of detection are examined as a function of SNR when in the presence of multistatic interference. It is demonstrated that the respective merits of MAPC and CLEAN can be used to offset the limitations of the other and thereby combine to provide significant additional sensitivity improvement.
Pharmacological stimulation of brain carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 decreases food intake and body weight (2007)

Inhibition of brain carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 (CPT-1) is reported to decrease food intake and body weight in rats. Yet, the fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor and CPT-1 stimulator C75 produces hypophagia and weight loss when given to rodents intracerebroventricularly (icv). Thus roles and relative contributions of altered brain CPT-1 activity and fatty acid oxidation in these phenomena remain unclarified. We administered compounds that target FAS or CPT-1 to mice by single icv bolus and examined acute and prolonged effects on feeding and body weight. C75 decreased food intake rapidly and potently at all doses (1-56 nmol) and dose dependently inhibited intake on day 1. Dose-dependent weight loss on day 1 persisted through 4 days of postinjection monitoring. The FAS inhibitor cerulenin produced dose-dependent (560 nmol) hypophagia for 1 day, weight loss for 2 days, and weight regain to vehicle control by day 3. The CPT-1 inhibitor etomoxir (32, 320 nmol) did not alter overall day 1 feeding. However, etomoxir attenuated the hypophagia produced by C75, indicating that CPT-1 stimulation is important for C75's effect. A novel compound, C89b, was characterized in vitro as a selective stimulator of CPT-1 that does not affect fatty acid synthesis. C89b (100, 320 nmol) decreased feeding in mice for 3 days and produced persistent weight loss for 6 days without producing conditioned taste aversion. Similarly, intraperitoneal administration decreased feeding and body weight without producing conditioned taste aversion. These results suggest a role for brain CPT-1 in the regulation of energy balance and implicate CPT-1 stimulation as a pharmacological approach to weight loss.
High-efficiency focusing waveguide grating coupler with parallelogramic groove profiles (1997)

A high-efficiency focusing waveguide grating coupler (FWGC) using parallelogramic group profiles is proposed, designed and fabricated. A new waveguide grating structure has been employed which consists of bilayered grating with one grating etched into the guiding layer and the other into a high-index cladding layer. Computer simulation shows that both high directionality and large radiation decay factor are obtainable with this structure. Fabrication of this FWGC by electron beam lithography is described. A coupling efficiency of 86% and focusing spot size full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 10 /spl mu/m have been achieved.
Metabolic Engineering of<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i>for Cadaverine Fermentation (2007)

Cadaverine, the expected raw material of polyamides, is produced by decarboxylation of L-lysine. If we could produce cadaverine from the cheapest sugar, and as a renewable resource, it would be an effective solution against global warming, but there has been no attempt to produce cadaverine from glucose by fermentation. We focused on Corynebacterium glutamicum, whose L-lysine fermentation ability is superior, and constructed a metabolically engineered C. glutamicum in which the L-homoserine dehydrogenase gene (hom) was replaced by the L-lysine decarboxylase gene (cadA) of Escherichia coli. In this recombinant strain, cadaverine was produced at a concentration of 2.6 g/l, equivalent to up to 9.1% (molecular yield) of the glucose transformed into cadaverine in neutralizing cultivation. This is the first report of cadaverine fermentation by C. glutamicum.
Room Temperature Diamond Color Center Laser (1985)

An important class of tunable lasers is the color-center laser which has been developed commercially in alkali halide materials to provide widely tunable radiation in the near infrared region from 0.8 to 3.2 μm. These lasers exhibit a number of outstanding properties such as low threshold, high efficiency (~50%) and excellent frequency and mode stability. However, they suffer disadvantages of short shelf-life, low- power optical bleaching of the laser centers, and cryogenic temperature operation. The development of a color-center laser as a practical field device has not been possible because of the need for cryogenic cooling to stabilize the color center under the effects of optical pumping. In addition, the blue-green spectral region of interest in many applications cannot be covered by F-aggregate centers for which the emission wavelengths are invariably longer than 650 nm. We report on research directed towards the goal of a color-center solid-state laser which can operate with high efficiency at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Catalyst Control of Alkene Isomerization (2014)

Abstract Review: 69 refs.
Colorimetric assay of blood coagulation factor XIII in plasma. (1988)

In this new colorimetric assay for Factor XIII in plasma, 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine is used as the amine substrate. Factor XIII, a zymogen, is transformed by thrombin and Ca2+ to active Factor XIIIa, and the incorporation of 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine into N,N-dimethylcasein is used to measure catalytically active Factor XIIIa. The biotinylated enzymatic product is immobilized onto 96-well microtiter plates, complexed with streptavidin-beta-galactosidase, and the absorbance at 405 nm is monitored for production of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. Concentrations of N,N-dimethylcasein, 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine, Ca2+, and thrombin were chosen to allow near-maximum velocity of amine incorporation. A linear relationship was obtained between assay product and plasma volume, from 0.5 to 50 microL of plasma. Results correlated well (r greater than 0.924) with those from the most frequently utilized radiometric filter-paper assay for Factor XIII. The method appears to be ideal for routine diagnostic estimation of Factor XIII in plasma because of its simplicity, its lack of use of radioisotopes, and its potential for assay of large numbers of samples by use of microtiter plates and automated plate readers.
Radiolabeling kit/generator for 5‐radiohalogenated uridines (1994)

Abstract A rapid, simple and inexpensive synthesis of 5‐radiohalogenated‐2′‐deoxyuridine from 5‐trimethylstannyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine is described. The total reaction and purification time including thin layer chromatography (tlc) for quality control is less than 30 min. This method produces excellent yields (>95%) of 123 I‐, 125 I‐, 131 I‐UdR. The radiochemical purity of all tested preparations (>20) was determined to be greater than 99%. This new method is the basis of a radiolabeling kit/generator for preparation of radiohalogenated nucleosides. 2′‐Deoxyuridine (UdR) halogenated with a stable isotope of bromine was also synthesized indicating that the method can be applied to the preparation of 5‐radiobromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BUdR).
Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization: An Alternative Approach to Potential Treatment of Crystal Deposition Diseases (2017)

Gout is a painful and prevalent crystal deposition disease caused by the overproduction of Uric Acid (UA) in the body and the atypical deposition in human synovial joints as Monosodium Urate Monohydrate (MSUM). Conventional treatments, such as NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids often present harmful side-effects and are short-lived. Long-term therapies including xanthine oxidase inhibitors and the use of uricosuric agents have been developed and aim to lower the UA serum levels in the body. As regards to post-crystals deposition, our research laboratory recently proposed and demonstrated the use of the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization (MAMAD) technique for the breakdown of organic and biological crystals on planar surfaces. The MAMAD technique is based on the combined use of microwave heating and Au NPs in solution. The interactions of the Au NPs with microwave's electromagnetic field result in an increase in the kinetic energy of Au NPs, and subsequently, an increase in the collisions with target crystals placed on planar surfaces leading to rapid crystal breakdown. In this regard, our laboratory aims to develop the MAMAD technique as an alternative treatment for crystal deposition diseases, particularly gout, with minimal invasion and side-effects as compared to current treatments. In this review article, we will summarize our previous findings and provide additional data detailing the effectiveness of the MAMAD technique as a rapid and efficient method for the breakdown of gout related crystals and L-alanine crystals (a model crystal).
Ion-beam-enhanced adhesion in the electronic stopping region (1981)

We report here the first use of ion beams in the electronic stopping region to improve the adhesion of insulators to other materials. In particular, we have dramatically improved the bonding of Au films to teflon, ferrite, and SiO_2 by bombarding them with He and Cl, respectively. Improvements in bonding have also been observed for Au on glass, Au and Cu on sapphire, and Si_3N_4 on Si. The mechanism is apparently associated with sputtering and track-forming processes occuring in the electronic stopping region. Numerous applications are discussed.
Hardware Efficient Low-Latency Architecture for High Throughput Rate Viterbi Decoders (2008)

By optimizing the number of look-ahead steps of the first layer of the previous low-latency architectures for M-step look-ahead high-throughput rate Viterbi decoders, this paper improves the hardware efficiency by large percentage with slight increase or even further decrease of the latency for the add-compare-select (ACS) computation. This is true especially when the encoder constraint length (K) is large. For example, when K = 7 and M varies from 21 to 84, 20.83% to 41.27% of the hardware cost in previous low latency Viterbi method can be saved with only up to 12% increase or 4% decrease of the latency of the conventional M-step look-ahead Viterbi decoder. The proposed architecture also relaxes the constraint on the look-ahead level M to be a multiple of K as was needed in the previous work. For example, when K = 7 and M (indivisible by K) varies from 40 to 80, 60.27% to 69.3% latency of conventional M-step look ahead Viterbi architecture can be reduced at the expense of 148.62% to 320.20% extra hardware complexity.
Blind channel estimation for MLSE receiver in high speed optical communications: theory and ASIC implementation (2013)

Blind channel estimation is critical for digital signal processing (DSP) compensation of optical fiber communications links. The overall channel consists of deterministic distortions such as chromatic dispersion, as well as random and time varying distortions including polarization mode dispersion and timing jitter. It is critical to obtain robust acquisition and tracking methods for estimating these distortions effects, which, in turn, can be compensated by means of DSP such as Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE). Here, a novel blind estimation algorithm is developed, accompanied by inclusive mathematical modeling, and followed by extensive set of real time experiments that verify quantitatively its performance and convergence. The developed blind channel estimation is used as the basis of an MLSE receiver. The entire scheme is fully implemented in a 65 nm CMOS Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Experimental measurements and results are presented, including Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements, which demonstrate the successful data recovery by the MLSE ASIC under various channel conditions and distances.
P1‐023: MASS SPECTROMETRY–BASED MEASUREMENT OF LONGITUDINAL CSF TAU IDENTIFIES DIFFERENT PHOSPHORYLATED SITES THAT TRACK DISTINCT STAGES OF PRESYMPTOMATIC DOMINANTLY INHERITED AD (2018)

Misfolded tau protein as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are a core pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the process leading to soluble tau release and insoluble aggregation represent complex biological processes with uncertain relationships to other AD pathologies and clinical symptoms. The objective of this study is to assess the longitudinal profile of multiple cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau sites in familial dominantly inherited AD (DIAD) in relation to cortical amyloid and the estimated age of symptom onset. We analyzed longitudinal Amyloid beta (Aβ) PiB-PET and CSF by mass spectrometry (MS) and immunoassays in 115 participants (405 samples) at 50% risk of carrying a DIAD mutation enrolled in dominantly inherited AD study. CSF tau peptides and phosphorylated peptides at T181, S202, T205 and T217 were quantified. Multivariable, linear mixed effect models were used to estimate the rate of change for all measures in relation to the estimated years until symptom onset (EYO) and Pearson's correlation to assess the cross-sectional association between measures. Compared to mutation non-carriers, mutation carriers began cortical fibrillar Aβ deposition and elevation of CSF tau T217 hyper phosphorylation at 19 and 21 years before the estimated year of onset (Figure, top/middle). Together with total tau levels, the rate of phosphorylation on T205 appeared to increase closer to symptom onset (not significant, Figure, bottom). MS and ELISA total tau levels were strongly correlated (r = 0.96, p <0.05) and MS and ELISA p-tau181 p-tau181 (r =0.69, p < 0.05). Furthermore, both T217 and T205 phosphorylation rates were strongly inversely associated with cognitive decline (r = -0.73 and -0.74; p < 0.05).
Progression marker of Parkinson’s disease: a 4-year multi-site imaging study (2017)

Progression markers of Parkinson's disease are crucial for successful therapeutic development. Recently, a diffusion magnetic resonance imaging analysis technique using a bitensor model was introduced allowing the estimation of the fractional volume of free water within a voxel, which is expected to increase in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Prior work demonstrated that free water in the posterior substantia nigra was elevated in Parkinson's disease compared to controls across single- and multi-site cohorts, and increased over 1 year in Parkinson's disease but not in controls at a single site. Here, the goal was to validate free water in the posterior substantia nigra as a progression marker in Parkinson's disease, and describe the pattern of progression of free water in patients with a 4-year follow-up tested in a multicentre international longitudinal study of de novo Parkinson's disease (http://www.ppmi-info.org/). The analyses examined: (i) 1-year changes in free water in 103 de novo patients with Parkinson's disease and 49 controls; (ii) 2- and 4-year changes in free water in a subset of 46 patients with Parkinson's disease imaged at baseline, 12, 24, and 48 months; (iii) whether 1- and 2-year changes in free water predict 4-year changes in the Hoehn and Yahr scale; and (iv) the relationship between 4-year changes in free water and striatal binding ratio in a subgroup of Parkinson's disease who had undergone both diffusion and dopamine transporter imaging. Results demonstrated that: (i) free water level in the posterior substantia nigra increased over 1 year in de novo Parkinson's disease but not in controls; (ii) free water kept increasing over 4 years in Parkinson's disease; (iii) sex and baseline free water predicted 4-year changes in free water; (iv) free water increases over 1 and 2 years were related to worsening on the Hoehn and Yahr scale over 4 years; and (v) the 4-year increase in free water was associated with the 4-year decrease in striatal binding ratio in the putamen. Importantly, all longitudinal results were consistent across sites. In summary, this study demonstrates an increase over 1 year in free water in the posterior substantia nigra in a large cohort of de novo patients with Parkinson's disease from a multi-site cohort study and no change in healthy controls, and further demonstrates an increase of free water in Parkinson's disease over the course of 4 years. A key finding was that results are consistent across sites and the 1-year and 2-year increase in free water in the posterior substantia nigra predicts subsequent long-term progression on the Hoehn and Yahr staging system. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that free water in the posterior substantia nigra is a valid, progression imaging marker of Parkinson's disease, which may be used in clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies.
Two-stage stochastic optimization for optimal power flow under renewable generation uncertainty (2014)

We propose a two-stage stochastic version of the classical economic dispatch problem with alternating-current power flow constraints, a nonconvex optimization formulation that is central to power transmission and distribution over an electricity grid. Certain generation decisions made in the first stage cannot further be changed in the second stage, where the uncertainty due to various factors such as renewable generation is realized. Any supply-demand mismatch in the second stage must be alleviated using high marginal cost power sources that can be tapped in short order. We solve a Sample-Average Approximation (SAA) of this formulation by capturing the uncertainty using a finite number of scenario samples. We propose two outer approximation algorithms to solve this nonconvex program to global optimality. We use recently discovered structural properties for the classical deterministic problem to show that when these properties hold the sequence of approximate solutions obtained under both alternatives has a limit point that is a globally optimal solution to the two-stage nonconvex SAA program. We also present an alternate local optimization approach to solving the SAA problem based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Numerical experiments for a variety of parameter settings were carried out to demonstrate the efficiency and usability of our method over ADMM for large practical instances.
High ethanol tolerance of the thermophilic anaerobic ethanol producer Thermoanaerobacter BG1L1 (2007)

Abstract The low ethanol tolerance of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria, generally less than 2% (v/v) ethanol, is one of the main limiting factors for their potential use for second generation fuel ethanol production. In this work, the tolerance of thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter BG1L1 to exogenously added ethanol was studied in a continuous immobilized reactor system at a growth temperature of 70°C. Ethanol tolerance was evaluated based on inhibition of fermentative performance e.g. inhibition of substrate conversion. At the highest ethanol concentration tested (8.3% v/v), the strain was able to convert 42% of the xylose initially present, indicating that this ethanol concentration is not the upper limit tolerated by the strain. Long-term strain adaptation to high ethanol concentrations (6–8.3%) resulted in an improvement of xylose conversion by 25% at an ethanol concentration of 5% v/v, which is the concentration required in practice for economically efficient product recovery. For all ethanol concentrations tested, relatively high and stable ethanol yields (0.40–0.42 g/g) were seen. The strain demonstrated a remarkable ethanol tolerance, which is the second highest displayed by thermophilic anaerobic bacteria known to the authors. This appears to be the first study of the ethanol tolerance of these microorganisms in a continuous immobilized reactor system.
Sn whisker growth mitigation by using NiO sublayers (2017)

The potential of NiO sublayers for whisker growth mitigation has been examined. A thin NiO film was applied on a Cu-coated substrate before the deposition of a thicker Sn layer. The growth of Sn whiskers was then followed by optical and scanning electron microscopy and was compared with the whisker growth on a control sample without the NiO sublayer. No whiskers were observed on the sample with the NiO layer even after 12 months, whereas the control sample developed whiskers of size and density that is generally expected, based on the vast amount of published work on the topic. The mechanisms of whisker growth and whisker growth suppression are briefly discussed as well.
High Transparency Coded Apertures in Planar Nuclear Medicine Imaging (2007)

Coded apertures provide an alternative to the collimators of nuclear medicine imaging, and advances in the field have lessened the artifacts that are associated with the near-field geometry. Thickness of the aperture material, however, results in a decoded image with thickness artifacts, and constrains both image resolution and the available manufacturing techniques. Thus in theory, thin apertures are clearly desirable, but high transparency leads to a loss of contrast in the recorded data. Coupled with the quantization effects of detectors, this leads to significant noise in the decoded image. This noise must be dependent on the bit-depth of the gamma camera. If there are a sufficient number of measurable values, high transparency need not adversely affect the signal-to-noise ratio. This novel hypothesis is tested by means of a ray-tracing computer simulator. The simulation results presented in the paper show that replacing a highly opaque coded aperture with a highly transparent aperture, simulated with an 8-bit gamma camera, worsens the root-mean-square error measurement. However, when simulated with a 16-bit gamma camera, a highly transparent coded aperture significantly reduces both thickness artifacts and the root-mean-square error measurement.