gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angular spectrum tailoring in solid immersion microscopy for circuit analysis (2008)

We present a technique that involves tailoring the angular spectrum in optical microscopy of silicon integrated circuits, with a solid immersion lens. Spatial light modulation to select only supercritical light at the substrate/dielectric interface yields only evanescent and scattered light in the interconnect layers. We demonstrated the technique in optical excitation microscopy of 65nm silicon-on-insulator circuits, which enabled localization of a fault during microprocessor development. Acquiring images with and without angular spectrum tailoring allowed longitudinal localization of the electrical response to optical excitation. Lateral registration of electrical response and confocal reflection images to the circuit layout was also significantly improved.
Stable Scale Factor Performance of an In-line Sagnac Interferometer Current Sensor (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. X. Short, J. U. de Arruda, A. A. Tselikov, and J. Blake, "Stable Scale Factor Performance of an In-line Sagnac Interferometer Current Sensor," in 12th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Vol. 16 of 1997 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1997), paper OWA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Flexible Polyimide Aerogels Derived from the Use of a Neopentyl Spacer in the Backbone (2020)

Polyimide aerogels have gained much attention in the last decade due to their highly porous structure with low density, low dielectric constant, good mechanical properties, and thermal stability. They are desirable for many aerospace and commercial applications including lightweight substrates for antennas and for aerospace vehicles, due to the low dielectric constant, approaching one as density decreases. However, with only aromatic diamines in the backbone, the aerogels are flexible only as very thin films, nominally 0.5 mm thick. A more flexible aerogel substrate would allow them to be used as conformal antennas, which would reduce drag and also save space in aerospace vehicles. In this research, we demonstrate that the flexibility can be increased by substituting the aromatic diamines typically used in polyimide aerogels with 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpropane (BAPN), which contains a flexible neopentyl spacer group. Using the aliphatic diamine, BAPN leads to aerogels with a high bend radius even when the aerogels are 2–3 mm thick. Twenty different formulations of polyimide aerogels were synthesized from 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and a combination of BAPN and 2,2′-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) and cross-linked with 1,3,5-triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB) to understand the effect of polymer concentration, oligomer chain length, and concentration of BAPN on the properties of the aerogels. Aerogels made using 50 mol % BAPN with n of 45 and 7 wt % polymer possessed the best combination of properties conducive to use as a flexible substrate for conformal antennas, including low density, good hydrophobicity, low shrinkage with high surface area, a 1 in. bend radius in aerogels up to 3 mm thickness, and a dielectric constant of 1.11.
<title>High-resolution noncontact thermal characterization of semiconductor devices</title> (2001)

Non-contact optical methods can be used for sub micron surface thermal characterization of active semiconductor devices. Point measurements were first made, and then real time thermal images were acquired with a specialized PIN- array detector. This method of thermal imaging can have spatial resolution better than the diffraction limit of an infrared camera and can work in a wide range of ambient temperatures. The experimentally obtained thermal resolution is on the order of 50 mK.
Indene-Based Thiazolidinethione Chiral Auxiliary for Propionate and Acetate Aldol Additions (2008)

An indene-based thiazolidinethione chiral auxiliary was prepared in two steps from trans-1-amino-2-indanol. Chlorotitanium enolates of this chiral auxiliary delivered excellent diastereoselectivities in propionate and acetate aldol additions. The chiral auxiliary was easily removed to deliver several valuable functionalities.
Robust block-matching motion-estimation technique for noisy sources (2002)

Video coding standards use the block-matching algorithm (BMA) and motion-compensated prediction to reduce temporal redundancies present in image sequences. Block matching is used since it is computationally efficient and produces a minimal representation of the motion field that is transmitted as side information. In order to build a robust coder the motion-estimation technique must be able to track motion in a noisy source. The approach presented in this paper uses spatio-temporal motion prediction, providing an accurate motion estimate even in the presence of noise. With this approach, noisy sources can be compressed efficiently and robustly in standard video coders (e.g., MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H.261, and H.263) with little increase in complexity.
Immunochemical Characterization of Native Polysaccharides from Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>: The Relationship of the Type III and Group B Determinants (1978)

Abstract Three polysaccharides were purified from a type III strain of Group B Streptococcus grown under conditions varying in exposure to acid by washing the cells with an EDTA buffer or extracting with cold 10% TCA. Extraction of cells grown in a medium buffered with a pH titrator resulted in a polysaccharide antigen of 1.2 × 106 daltons having only type III serologic specificity. The antigen extracted with EDTA from cells grown in a medium where acid accumulated had a molecular size of approximately 600,000, and demonstrated both type III and group B serologic activity. The antigen extracted with TCA had a molecular size of approximately 500,000 and also reacted with type III and group B sera. Chemical studies revealed that all three polysaccharides contained varying concentrations of galactose, glucose, glucosamine, and sialic acid. Only the TCA antigen contained rhamnose. Alcohol fractionation of the TCA antigen allowed separation of type III from group B serologic reactivity. However, this method failed to separate the two determinants of the EDTA-non-pH titrated antigen. Other physical, chemical, and immunologic methods similarly failed to separate these two determinants. Mild hydrolysis of the EDTA-pH-titrated antigen exposed a determinant immunologically identical to the formamide-extracted group B antigen. These studies as well as electron microscopy and affinity chromatography demonstrated that two determinants exist on the native polysaccharide antigen of type III, Group B Streptococcus. One is the superficial capsular type specific determinant, which in the most native state masks the second determinant, a common group B determinant. Quantitative precipitation inhibition studies confirmed that l-rhamnose was the immunodominant sugar for the formamide-extracted B antigen. No monosaccharide inhibited the cross-reactive determinant on the EDTA-non pH titrated antigen. Despite this observation, both the formamide-extracted B antigen and the EDTA-non pH titrated antigen were demonstrated to be precipitating antibodies of identical specificity.
Pipelined Feed-Forward Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Calculation (2006)

This paper discusses a method for pipelining the calculation of CRC's, such as ITU/CCITT CRC32, into a mostly feed-forward architecture. This method allows several benefits such as independent scaling of circuit frequency and data throughput. Additionally it allows calculation over packet tails (packet length not a multiple of CRC input width). Finally it offers the ability to update a CRC where a subset of data in the packet has changed.
Cancer Chemoprotective Effects of Cruciferous Vegetables (1996)

High fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with a striking reduction in susceptibility to malignancy. In addition to other health benefits (e.g., high levels of vitamin C, carotenoids, and dietary fiber), cruciferous vegetables contribute significantly to this chemoprotective effect. Cruciferous vegetables (e.g. Brassica sp.), contain glucosinolates, water-soluble secondary metabolites that are converted to highly reactive isothiocyanates as a defense response to predation or injury. When fed to mammals, isothiocyanates induce Phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione- S -transferase and quinone reductase, that detoxify xenobiotics. Phase 2 enzyme induction potential was assessed for fruits and vegetables from a wide variety of plant families and the Brassica vegetables were particularly rich in such activity. Tremendous variability in glucosinolate content and Phase 2 enzyme induction potential was found between commercial broccoli cultivars (n = 12) and between sites (n = 7) growing transplants produced at the same time, from the same seedlot. Broccoli ( B. oleracea var. italica ) cvs. Green Comet and Excelsior had an almost identical spatial distribution of Phase 2 enzyme induction potential that varied by position on market-stage plants. Fertilization regime also affected Phase 2 enzyme induction by these two cultivars. Additionally, induction of detoxication enzymes and glucosinolate profiles have been evaluated in primary and axillary shoots of two greenhouse-grown broccoli cultivars (Broccolo Natalino and a proprietary hybrid), harvested over the duration of a 2-month period of side-shoot production. This approach to evaluating the germplasm, positional, temporal, and cultural effects on levels of inducers of mammalian detoxication enzymes should lead to development of cultivation strategies to enhance the chemoprotective effect of Cruciferous vegetables.
Modeling, design & characterization of a novel Passive Variable Stiffness Joint (pVSJ) (2016)

In this paper we present the design and characterization of a novel Passive Variable Stiffness Joint (pVSJ). pVSJ is the proof of concept of a passive revolute joint with controllable variable stiffness. The current design is intended to be a bench-test for future development towards applications in haptic teleoperation purposed exoskeletons. The main feature of the pVSJ is its capability of varying the stiffness with infinite range based on a simple mechanical system. Moreover, the joint can rotate freely at the zero stiffness case without any limitation. The stiffness varying mechanism consists of two torsional springs, mounted with an offset from the pVSJ rotation center and coupled with the joint shaft by an idle roller. The position of the roller between the pVSJ rotation center and the spring's center is controlled by a linear sliding actuator fitted on the chassis of the joint. The variation of the output stiffness is obtained by changing the distance from the roller-springs contact point to the joint rotation center (effective arm). If this effective arm is null, the stiffness of the joint will be zero. The stiffness increases to reach high stiffness values when the effective arm approaches its maximum value, bringing the roller close to the torsional springs' center. The experimental results matched with the physical-based modeling of the pVSJ in terms of stiffness variation curve, stiffness dependency upon the springs' elasticity, joint deflection and the spring's deflection.
A speaker verification system using alpha-nets (1991)

Speaker verification is performed by comparing the output probabilities of two Markov models of the same phonetic unit. One of these Markov models is speaker-specific, being built from utterances from the speaker whose identity is to be verified. The second model is built from utterances from a large population of speakers. The performance of the system is improved by treating the pair of models as a connectionist network, an alpha-net, which then allows discriminative training to be carried out. Experimental results show that adapting the spectral observation probabilities of each state of the model by the back propagation of errors can correct misclassification errors. The real-time implementation of the system produced an average digit error rate of 4.5% and only one misclassification in 600 trials using a five-digit sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gut microbiome predictors of treatment response and recurrence in primary <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (2016)

Gut microbiota signatures predict treatment response and recurrence potentially, allowing identification of patients with Clostridium difficile infection that may benefit from early institution of alternate therapies.
Dielectrophoretic Cell Capture on Polyester Membranes (2012)

A new system for dielectrophoretic cell capture on permeable polyester membranes is presented. Conventional photolithographic techniques were used to fabricate gold microelectrodes on a polyester membrane. The characterization of the microelectrodes showed that there were no differences regarding roughness, permeability, and hydrophilicity of the membrane before and after processing. Finally, dielectrophoretic cell capture and viability in a microfluidic device was demonstrated on the patterned membrane. These membranes could ultimately be combined with multilayer microfluidic devices to form a powerful tool for studies of cell-cell interactions in coculture, whereby spatial separation of different cell types and/or microenvironments are required.
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (1998)

(1998). Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) Emerging Therapeutic Targets: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 19-21.
Power System Stabilization Control Based on the Wide Area Phasor Measurement (2006)

This paper presents a method for tuning of power system stabilizers (PSS) for damping low-frequency oscillations in a multi-machine power system based on the wide area phasor measurement. The authors have developed a method for detecting inter-area low-frequency modes from the measured small oscillation associated with the load fluctuation by approximating oscillations as a coupled vibration model. In this paper, the coupled vibration model is extended for including the effect of PSSs. PSSs are tuned directly by using the extended model since the model includes parameters of PSSs. The advantage of this method is that steady state phasor fluctuations are available to tuning PSSs and assess the effect of the tuning control. In other words, a large disturbance like a line fault is not necessary since the stability of the major modes can be investigated directly by using eigenvalues of the extended model. The identification process does not require the information on the input to the system for perturbation. Some numerical analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by using phasor dynamical data obtained by a power system simulation package.
Development of a framework for a circulation control-based unmanned aerial vehicle (2016)

The focus of this paper is on the design, development and evaluation of a framework for a fixed-wing UAV to achieve efficient Circulation Control-based (CC) flights. The research presented in this paper is the natural outgrowth of results reported in [1] related to the design and development of an Air Supply Unit (ASU) and plenum design for CC-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The framework consists of a light-weight Air Supply Unit (ASU) and an Air Delivery System (ADS) integrated with a plenum capable of distributing air uniformly across the wingspan. The ASU, which is a centrifugal compressor, is experimentally tested and the results are validated using CFD. The ASU is capable of providing the ADS with the required mass flow (0.03 kg/s) at the maximum tested RPM. Airflow is delivered with low losses. The use of a vaned straight-walled wide angle diffuser (plenum) results in uniform spanwise flow.
High resolution fast quantitative docking using fourier domain correlation techniques (1997)

A 'docking' method based on finite grid forcefield sampling is proposed for fast evaluation of interaction energies between macromolecules and ligands. Forcefield used to calculate interaction energies utilizes a potential energy function composed of a 1/r-dependent electrostatic term and a (6-12) Lennard-Jones term for van der Waals interactions. Fast evaluation makes use of the convolution theorem allowing a point-by-point N-dimensional correlation in direct space to be replaced by a simple multiplication in spatial frequency space. Predictive accuracy was assessed by using seven protein-ligand complexes available from the Brookhaven Data Bank and determined crystallographically to high resolution. Successful prediction of ligand position and determination of ligand-protein interaction enthalpy was dependent on forecefield sampling grid size. Minimum interaction enthalpy calculated for four protein-ligand complexes coincided with crystallographic structures that used sampling grid sizes of 0.25 A resolution and was independent of ligand starting position and orientation. Successful docking was obtained for the remaining complexes at same grid resolution provided ligand starting positions were not randomized. Sensitivity of the docking algorithm to starting orientation was a consequence of tight fit of respective ligand structures with their protein target sites for these three cases and can be circumvented by using finer rotational sampling grids for the ligand. Boltzmann statistics derived from calculated interaction energies successfully extracted the observed ribonuclease A cytidylic acid complex from a manifold of similar interaction energies. The proposed method was able to reproduce the observed crystallographic complex by using a dynamical description of ligand.
Electrically Pumped Photonic Crystal Lasers (2007)

Visible electrically pumped 2D photonic crystal lasers were fabricated within membranes of InGaP /InGaAlP quantum well material which has the PIN diode structure incorporated. They are the first current driven lasers with ultrasmall mode volumes.
Antigenicity of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> extracellular products and vaccine efficacy (2005)

Streptococcus agalactiae is a major bacterial pathogen that is the cause of serious economic losses in many species of freshwater, marine and estuarine fish worldwide. A highly efficacious S. agalactiae vaccine was developed using extracellular products (ECP) and formalin-killed whole cells of S. agalactiae. The vaccine efficacy following storage of S. agalactiae ECP and formalin-killed S. agalactiae cells at 4 degrees C for 1 year was determined. The stored ECP containing S. agalactiae formalin-killed cells failed to prevent morbidity and mortality among the vaccinated fish, and the relative percentage survival was 29. Serum antibody responses of the stored ECP and freshly prepared ECP against soluble whole cell extract of S. agalactiae indicated that significantly less antibody was produced in fish immunized with stored ECP and S. agalactiae cells than in those fish immunized with freshly prepared ECP and S. agalactiae cells at day 31 post-vaccination. Silver staining of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels and immunostaining of Western blots with tilapia antiserum to S. agalactiae revealed that predominant 54 and 55 kDa bands were present in the freshly prepared ECP fraction. The 55 kDa band was absent from the stored ECP and new bands below 54 kDa appeared on the Western blot. The results of this study on S. agalactiae ECP provide evidence for a correlation between protection and antibody production to ECP and for the importance of the 55 kDa ECP antigen for vaccine efficacy.
HIPAD - A Hybrid Interior-Point Alternating Direction algorithm for knowledge-based SVM and feature selection (2014)

We consider classification tasks in the regime of scarce labeled training data in high dimensional feature space, where specific expert knowledge is also available. We propose a new hybrid optimization algorithm that solves the elastic-net support vector machine (SVM) through an alternating direction method of multipliers in the first phase, followed by an interior-point method for the classical SVM in the second phase. Both SVM formulations are adapted to knowledge incorporation. Our proposed algorithm addresses the challenges of automatic feature selection, high optimization accuracy, and algorithmic flexibility for taking advantage of prior knowledge. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm and compare it with existing methods on a collection of synthetic and real-world data.
Anterior cruciate ligament recovery monitoring system using hybrid computational intelligent techniques (2013)

A recovery monitoring system, based on hybrid computational intelligent techniques, is presented for post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured/reconstructed subjects. The case based reasoning methodology has been combined with fuzzy and neuro-fuz
Highly Potent and Selective <i>N</i> -Aryl Oxamic Acid-Based Inhibitors for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase B (2020)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb). Mtb protein tyrosine phosphatase B (mPTPB) is a virulence factor required for Mtb survival in host macrophages. Consequently, mPTPB represents an exciting target for tuberculosis treatment. Here, we identified <i>N</i>-phenyl oxamic acid as a highly potent and selective monoacid-based phosphotyrosine mimetic for mPTPB inhibition. SAR studies on the initial hit, compound <b>4</b> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 257 nM), resulted in several highly potent inhibitors with IC<sub>50</sub> values lower than 20 nM for mPTPB. Among them, compound <b>4t</b> showed a <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> of 2.7 nM for mPTPB with over 4500-fold preference over 25 mammalian PTPs. Kinetic, molecular docking, and site-directed mutagenesis analyses confirmed these compounds as active site-directed reversible inhibitors of mPTPB. These inhibitors can reverse the altered host cell immune responses induced by the bacterial phosphatase. Furthermore, the inhibitors possess molecular weights <400 Da, log <i>D</i><sub>7.4</sub> < 2.5, topological polar surface area < 75, ligand efficiency > 0.43, and good aqueous solubility and metabolic stability, thus offering excellent starting points for further therapeutic development.
Optimal Error Rate Performance of Binary TH-UWB Receivers in Multiuser Interference (2008)

An exact mathematical model which explains the important characteristics of the probability density function (PDF) of the multiple access interference (MAI) in time-hopping UWB (TH-UWB) systems is discussed. The proposed model accurately foresees impulses, singularities, and heavy tails found in the distribution of the MAI. Also, it discloses precisely why a Gaussian approximation for the MAI in TH-UWB systems is highly inaccurate even in the presence of a large number of interferers. Then, using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) receiver rule and based on the obtained model for the PDF of the MAI, the optimal achievable BER performance of binary TH-UWB receivers is numerically determined. Finally, the performances of some recently proposed UWB receivers are benchmarked against the optimal performance.