gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Synthetic “Tour de Force”: Well‐Defined Multivalent and Multimodal Dendritic Structures for Biomedical Applications (2010)

Dendrimers have several unique properties that make them attractive scaffolds for use in biomedical applications. To date, multivalent and multimodal dendritic structures have been synthesized predominantly by statistical modification of peripheral groups. However, the potential application of such probes in patients demands well-defined and monodisperse materials that have unique structures. Current progress in the field of chemical biology, in particular chemoselective ligation methods, renders this challenge possible. In this Minireview, we outline the different available synthetic strategies, some applications that already make use of this new generation of multivalent and multimodal architectures, and the challenges for future developments.
Association of interleukin-1 <b>β</b> and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genes with disease severity in MS (1999)

IL-1RA and IL-1beta are disease severity genes rather than disease susceptibility genes. Furthermore, these gene polymorphisms may define subgroups of patients with a worse prognosis.
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Is a Plant Growth Promotion Factor Produced by <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> B16 (2007)

Pseudomonas fluorescens B16 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. To determine the factors involved in plant growth promotion by this organism, we mutagenized wild-type strain B16 using OmegaKm elements and isolated one mutant, K818, which is defective in plant growth promotion, in a rockwool culture system. A cosmid clone, pOK40, which complements the mutant K818, was isolated from a genomic library of the parent strain. Tn3-gusA mutagenesis of pOK40 revealed that the genes responsible for plant growth promotion reside in a 13.3-kb BamHI fragment. Analysis of the DNA sequence of the fragment identified 11 putative open reading frames, consisting of seven known and four previously unidentified pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) biosynthetic genes. All of the pqq genes showed expression only in nutrient-limiting conditions in a PqqH-dependent manner. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of culture filtrates confirmed that wild-type B16 produces PQQ, whereas mutants defective in plant growth promotion do not. Application of wild-type B16 on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants cultivated in a hydroponic culture system significantly increased the height, flower number, fruit number, and total fruit weight, whereas none of the strains that did not produce PQQ promoted tomato growth. Furthermore, 5 to 1,000 nm of synthetic PQQ conferred a significant increase in the fresh weight of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings, confirming that PQQ is a plant growth promotion factor. Treatment of cucumber leaf discs with PQQ and wild-type B16 resulted in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that PQQ acts as an antioxidant in plants.
Credit Analysis Using Data Mining: Application in the Case of a Credit Union (2014)

The search for efficiency in the cooperative credit sector has led cooperatives to adopt new technology and managerial knowhow. Among the tools that facilitate efficiency, data mining has stood out in recent years as a sophisticated methodology to search for knowledge that is “hidden” in organizations' databases. The process of granting credit is one of the central functions of a credit union; therefore, the use of instruments that support that process is desirable and may become a key factor in credit management. The steps undertaken by the present case study to perform the knowledge discovery process were data selection, data pre-processing and cleanup, data transformation, data mining, and the interpretation and evaluation of results. The results were evaluated through cross-validation of ten sets, repeated in ten simulations. The goal of this study is to develop models to analyze the capacity of a credit union's members to settle their commitments, using a decision tree—C4.5 algorithm and an artificial neural network—multilayer perceptron algorithm. It is concluded that for the problem at hand, the models have statistically similar results and may aid in a cooperative's decision-making process.
De-elastisation: from asynchronous dataflows to synchronous circuits (2015)

Asynchronous VLSI programming provides a flexible abstract formalism for concurrent systems but the is an issue for industrial adoption. The asynchronous design paradigm provides ‘elasticity’ enabling the system to tolerate delays in communication and computation but can impose a prohibitive communication overhead when applied at a fine-grained level. This paper proposes ‘De-elastisation’ in a CAD flow for asynchronous dataflow networks to improve the circuits' performance and area. To preserve the architectural advantages of asynchronous design (e.g. short cycles), circuits are classified into blocking and non-blocking loops which the De-elastisation scheme relies upon. The technique is incorporated in the Teak CAD flow. Experimental results on substantial case studies show significant performance and area improvements. This work shows 3× improvement for the first category of circuits, suitable for iterative realisations and DSP-like architectures and 4× for the second category which are suitable for concurrent realisations.
Indirect Enzyme-Linked Method for Determining Biotin in Human Serum (1997)

An indirect enzyme-linked assay was developed for quantifying biotin concentrations in human sera. Biotin standard solutions or unknown samples are preincubated with streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (streptavidin-HRP) and added to plates coated with biotinylated bovine IgG (B-IgGb). The concentration of the streptavidin-HRP is such that the streptavidin binding sites are sufficient to bind apparently all the biotin present in samples, whereas, the remaining sites are inversely proportional to the amount of biotin in analysed sample. These sites could subsequently interact with the immobilized B-IgGb providing signal. The assay demonstrated dynamic range 5 to 640 ng/L, detection limit 2 ng/L, intra- and interassay C.V., 1.6-3.9% and 3.7-7.2% respectively, recovery 100-114% and linear recovery 90-117%. Serum biotin determined: healthy individuals 66 to 600 ng/L, pregnant women (> or = 36 weeks) 60 to 360 ng/L, and patients under chronic haemodialysis 0.56 to 1.62 micrograms/L. The method described is among those few which have been experimentally evaluated for their capabilitity of assessing biotin in human sera.
Condensed heteroaromatic ring systems. XV. Synthesis of pyranopyridinones from halopyridinecarbonitriles. (1988)

Four kinds of pyranopyridinones were synthesized from pyridinecarbonitriles containing a chlorine or bromine substituent at the adjacent position to the cyano group by the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with terminal acetylenes followed by intramolecular cyclization with polyphosphoric acid.
Dynamic Construction of Dictionaries for Sentiment Classification (2013)

The sentiment classification is one of the new challenges emerged with the advence of social networks. Our purpose is to determine the sentimental orientation of a Facebook comment (positive or negative) by using the linguistic approach. In most of the sentiment analysis applications using this approach, the sentiment lexicon plays a key role. Thus, it is very important to create a lexicon covering several sentiment words. For this reason, we address in this paper the problem how to group and list words present in the corpus into two dictionaries. We proposed a new automatic technique to create the positive and negative dictionaries that exploits the emotions symbols (emoticons, acronyms and exclamation words) present in comments. More importantly, our idea allows to enlarge these dictionaries with an enrichment step. Finally, by using these prepared dictionaries, we predict the positive and negative polarities of the comment. We evaluate our approach by comparison to human classification. Our results are also effective and consistent.
[The safety of tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction]. (2007)

The cyclic nucleotide (cGMP) signalling pathway mediates the smooth-muscle relaxing effects of nitric oxide necessary for normal erectile function. Down-regulation of this pathway is the pathophysiological pivot of many forms of erectile dysfunction (ED) and leads to the development of some chronic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, selective inhibition of the enzyme that catalyses the degradation of cGMP promotes erectile responses to sexual stimulation. Recently, a new phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor tadalafil has emerged, which has a prolonged half-life. Here is a review of recent studies on the safety of tadalafil in the treatment of ED.
Vascular effects of novel calmodulin-related proteins that mediate development of hypertension (2013)

Ca2+結合タンパク質であるカルモジュリン（CaM）はCaM依存性（関連）タンパク質の機能調節を介して筋収縮，免疫応答，代謝，神経成長といった様々な細胞機能に影響を与える．最近，CaMおよびCaM依存性プロテインキナーゼ（CaMK）IIが心血管疾患の病態進展に関わるという報告がなされた．高血圧症の病態ではTNF-αやIL-6といった炎症性サイトカインの血中濃度が上昇し，活性酸素種（reactive oxygen species：ROS）産生を介して血管の炎症性反応が亢進する．しかしながら，血管炎症の観点からCaM関連タンパク質の高血圧症進展に及ぼす影響はほとんど検討されていない．本総説ではCaM関連タンパク質の中でCaMKs（CaMKI，CaMKII，eukaryotic elongation factor（eEF）2 kinase（CaMKIII），CaMKIV）とCaMKスーパーファミリータンパク質（death associated protein kinase（DAPK）ファミリータンパク質，CaM serine kinase（CASK），checkpoint kinase（Chk））をとりあげ，これらの機能を心疾患における役割と血管炎症を介した高血圧症の病態制御機構に焦点を当て概説する．今後，本総説で紹介したCaM関連タンパク質をターゲットとした薬物の開発がACE阻害薬，カルシウム拮抗薬といった既存の降圧薬では治療が難しい患者に対しても有効な治療戦略になることが期待され，さらなる病態生理的役割の解明が重要になると考えられる．
mRNA deadenylation and telomere disease (2015)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited BM failure disorder that is associated with mutations in genes involved with telomere function and maintenance; however, the genetic cause of many instances of DC remains uncharacterized. In this issue of the JCI, Tummala and colleagues identify mutations in the gene encoding the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) in individuals with a severe form of DC in three different families. PARN deficiency resulted in decreased expression of genes required for telomere maintenance and an aberrant DNA damage response, including increased levels of p53. Together, the results of this study support PARN as a DC-associated gene and suggest a potential link between p53 and telomere shortening.
Introduction (2020)

The prevailing Soviet "strategic culture" is founded in a political environment that combines the concept of territorial empire with an ideology with pretensions to global reach and global relevance. Both, in varying degrees, promote the notion of the permanence of the power struggle, the quest for total security and its counterpart in military invulnerability. The five branches of the Soviet Armed Forces-the navy, nuclear forces, ground forces, air force and air defense troops-exist as peacetime administrative entities, but in war they form the combined Soviet Armed Forces-"force packages" that are structured to the requirements of given theater operations. The Soviet threat seems to be real, and is evidenced by the thrust of Soviet naval and other power outward into the world to challenge Western interests and positions. An important aspect of that threat is the persistence with which the Soviet Union pushes its "offensive-defensive" mix of weapons, seeking an invulnerability which becomes increasingly elusive.
The Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold for the treatment of coronary artery disease (2016)

The current generation of the bioresorbable scaffold has structural and mechanical limitations that might preclude the widespread use in clinical practice. The strut thickness (150 µm) limits deliverability and creates laminar flow disruptions that might be the nidus of an increased rate of scaffold thrombosis. In the next generation of bioresorbable scaffolds, the resorption process should be faster and in particular, strut thickness must be reduced. This will probably represent a significant step forward in an attempt to increase the efficacy and safety profile of the device and achieve a similar performance with the current generation drug-eluting stent even in complex scenarios.
I and Q decomposition of self-noise in square-law clock regenerators (1988)

A method for obtaining power spectra for the self-noise components in phase and in quadrature to the desired generated clock signal for PAM systems is described. A previously recognized cross spectrum is also discussed. Results can be expressed either in a closed form or as the sum of rapidly convergent series, depending on the signalling waveform used. A computation of the in-phase and quadrature spectra for Nyquist pulses for excess bandwidth factors ranging from 0.1-0.9 is included, along with demonstration showing that for signalling waveforms with even or odd symmetry, cross power spectrum is zero at all frequencies. It is also shown that if the cross power spectrum is not zero due to asymmetry in the signalling waveform, sampling keyed to other than zero-crossing of the timing wave can give a lower timing jitter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Organized Two- and Three-Dimensional Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Hybrid Architectures (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network architectures combined with flexible mediums (especially polymers) are strong candidates for functional flexible devices and composite structures requiring the combination of unique electronic, optical, and/or mechanical properties of SWCNTs and polymer materials. However, to build functional flexible devices with SWCNTs, it is required to have abilities to assemble and incorporate SWCNTs in desired locations, orientations, and dimensions on/inside polymer substrates. Here, we present unique two- and three-dimensional SWCNT network-polymer hybrid architectures by combining unprecedented control over growth, assembly, and transfer processes of SWCNTs. Several SWCNT architectures have been built on polymer materials ranging from two-dimensional suspended SWCNT microlines on PDMS microchannels to three-dimensional "PDMS-vertically aligned SWCNTs-PDMS" sandwich structures. Also a combined lateral SWCNT microline and vertically aligned SWCNT flexible device was demonstrated with good electrical conductivity and low junction resistance. The results reported here open the pathway for the development of SWCNT-based functional systems in various flexible device applications.
Lead Halide Perovskites and Other Metal Halide Complexes As Inorganic Capping Ligands for Colloidal Nanocrystals (2014)

Lead halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3, where X = I, Br) and other metal halide complexes (MX(n), where M = Pb, Cd, In, Zn, Fe, Bi, Sb) have been studied as inorganic capping ligands for colloidal nanocrystals. We present the methodology for the surface functionalization via ligand-exchange reactions and the effect on the optical properties of IV-VI, II-VI, and III-V semiconductor nanocrystals. In particular, we show that the Lewis acid-base properties of the solvents, in addition to the solvent dielectric constant, must be properly adjusted for successful ligand exchange and colloidal stability. High luminescence quantum efficiencies of 20-30% for near-infrared emitting CH3NH3PbI3-functionalized PbS nanocrystals and 50-65% for red-emitting CH3NH3CdBr3- and (NH4)2ZnCl4-capped CdSe/CdS nanocrystals point to highly efficient electronic passivation of the nanocrystal surface.
Surgery for colorectal cancer guided by radiodetecting probe. Clinical evaluation using monoclonal antibody B72.3. (1991)

Radioactive antibodies that react with tumour-associated antigens to "tag" antigen-positive tumour cell deposits were given to 20 patients with primary or recurrent colorectal cancer. The tumour associated antigen TAG 72-specific monoclonal antibody B72.3 labelled with 125-Iodine was used, and the radioactivity in the tumour was sought during operation with a hand-held gamma detecting probe. Tumour was detected by the probe in 7 of 15 patients with primary cancer, with a mean tumour: normal tissue ratio of 3.9, and in 4 of 5 patients with recurrent disease, with a mean tumour: normal tissue ratio of 2.0. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgical specimens confirmed the results of the intraoperative detection. The incidence of TAG 72-positive tumours (11/20, 55%), detected by immunohistochemistry, was lower than the 80% in the other series, possibly because of sampling errors or because the cases studied were uncomplicated with small primary tumours. Results obtained with the probe were instrumental in modifying the operation in two of the four "positive" patients with recurrences, allowing the removal of tumour masses that would otherwise have been overlooked.
Antibody-independent activation of the classical pathway of human serum complement by lipid A is restricted to re-chemotype lipopolysaccharide and purified lipid A (1986)

Incubation of most bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with normal human sera at 37 degrees C activates the serum complement system, resulting in decreased levels of hemolytic complement. A panel of R-chemotype LPS preparations isolated from Salmonella minnesota rough mutant strains, as well as smooth wild-type LPS from S. minnesota, Escherichia coli O55-B5, Serratia marcescens, and Yersinia enterolitica, were used to examine the effect of LPS polysaccharide chain length on LPS lipid (lipid A)-dependent activation of the classical pathway of complement (CPC). To examine specific lipid A-dependent activation of the CPC, sera deficient in alternative pathway of complement activity were prepared by the removal of factor D. Absorption of normal human sera with formalinized rabbit erythrocytes was found to remove natural antibodies, factors capable of forming LPS complexes which activate the CPC, or both. By using such factor D-depleted formalinized rabbit erythrocyte-absorbed normal human sera, only isolated lipid A and Re-chemotype LPS (R595 LPS) were found to activate the CPC. Thus, the presence of the additional monosaccharide L-glycero-D-mannoheptose in the Rd2 LPS oligosaccharide chain compared with the L-glycero-D-mannoheptose-deficient Re-chemotype LPS structure is sufficient to block lipid A-dependent activation of the CPC by LPS.
<i>In Vivo</i>Mechanisms Involved in Enhanced Protection Utilizing an Fc Receptor-Targeted Mucosal Vaccine Platform in a Bacterial Vaccine and Challenge Model (2014)

Targeting antigens (Ag) to Fcγ receptors (FcγR) intranasally (i.n.) enhances immunogenicity and protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens. Specifically, we have demonstrated that targeting fixed (inactivated) Francisella tularensis (iFT) organisms to FcR in mice i.n., with MAb-iFT immune complexes, enhances F. tularensis-specific immune responses and protection against F. tularensis challenge. Furthermore, traditional adjuvant is not required. In addition, we have demonstrated that the increased immunogenicity following the targeting of iFT to FcR is due, in part, to enhanced dendritic cell (DC) maturation, enhanced internalization, and processing and presentation of iFT by DCs, as well as neonatal FcR (FcRn)-enhanced trafficking of iFT from the nasal passage to the nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). Using this immunization and challenge model, we expanded on these studies to identify specific in vivo immune responses impacted and enhanced by FcR targeting of iFT i.n. Specifically, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that targeting iFT to FcR increases the frequency of activated DCs within the lungs of MAb-iFT-immunized mice subsequent to F. tularensis LVS challenge. In addition, the frequency and number of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting effector memory (EM) CD4(+) T cells elicited by F. tularensis infection (postimmunization) is increased in an interleukin 12 (IL-12)-dependent manner. In summary, these studies build significantly upon previously published work utilizing this vaccine platform. We have identified a number of additional mechanisms by which this novel, adjuvant-independent, FcR-targeted mucosal vaccine approach enhances immunity and protection against infection, while further validating its potential as a universal vaccine platform against mucosal pathogens.
Los financieros del PP, a la gresca (1999)

Fue Josep Pique quien paralizo la oscura Opa de Radiotronica sobre Amper, con lo que a Juan Villalonga, amigo y familiar del comprador Javier Tallada, no le quedo mas remedio que declarar hostil la operacion. En el entorno del PP proliferan los financieros que hacen fortuna en la sombra.
Eight Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ABCG2/BCRP in Japanese Cancer Patients Administered Irinotacan (2003)

Eight novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the gene encoding the ATP-binding cassette transporter, ABCG2/BCRP, from 60 Japanese individuals administered the anti-cancer drug irinotecan. The detected SNPs were as follows: 1) SNP, MPJ6_AG2005 (IVS2-93T>C); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 2) SNP, MPJ6_AG2007 (IVS3+71_72 insT); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 3) SNP, MPJ6_AG2012 (IVS6-204C>T); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 4) SNP, MPJ6_AG2015 (at nucleotide 1098G>A (exon 9) from the A of the translation initiation codon); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 5) SNP, MPJ6_AG2017 (1291T>C (exon 11)); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 6) SNP, MPJ6_AG2019 (IVS11-135G>A); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 7) SNP, MPJ6_AG2020 (1465T>C (exon 12)); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204; 8) SNP, MPJ6_AG2023 (IVS13+65T>G); Gene Name, ABCG2; Accession Number, NT_006204.MPJ6_AG2015 was a synonymous SNP (E366E). MPJ6_AG2017 and MPJ6_AG2020 resulted in amino acid alterations, F431L and F489L, respectively.
New probiotic strains for inflammatory bowel disease management identified by combining in vitro and in vivo approaches (2018)

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition play a key role in the development of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The potential use of probiotics therefore gained attention, although outcomes were sometimes conflicting and results largely strain-dependent. The present study aimed to identify new probiotic strains that have a high potential for the management of this type of pathologies. Strains were selected from a large collection by combining different in vitro and in vivo approaches, addressing both anti-inflammatory potential and ability to improve the gut barrier function. We identified six strains with an interesting anti-inflammatory profile on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and with the ability to restore the gut barrier using a gut permeability model based on Caco-2 cells sensitized with hydrogen peroxide. The in vivo evaluation in two 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced murine models of colitis highlighted that some of the strains exhibited beneficial activities against acute colitis while others improved chronic colitis. Bifidobacterium bifidum PI22, the strain that exhibited the most protective capacities against acute colitis was only slightly efficacious against chronic colitis, while Bifidobacterium lactis LA804 which was less efficacious in the acute model was the most protective against chronic colitis. Lactobacillus helveticus PI5 was not anti-inflammatory in vitro but the best in strengthening the epithelial barrier and as such able to significantly dampen murine acute colitis. Interestingly, Lactobacillus salivarius LA307 protected mice significantly against both types of colitis. This work provides crucial clues for selecting the best strains for more efficacious therapeutic approaches in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. The strategy employed allowed us to identify four strains with different characteristics and a high potential for the management of inflammatory diseases, such as IBD.