gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised visual clustering for spherical coordinates systems (2008)

In this paper we propose a method that combines the advanced data analysis of the automatic statistical methods and the flexibility and manual parameter tuning of interactive visual clustering. We present the Semi-Supervised Visual Clustering (SSVC) interface; its main contribution is the learning of the optimal projection distance metric for the star and spherical coordinate visualization systems. Beyond the conventional manual setting, it couples the visual clustering with the automatic setting where the projection distance metric is learned from the available set of user feedbacks in the form of either item similarities or direct item annotations. Moreover, SSVC interface allows for the hybrid setting where some parameters are manually set by the user while the remaining parameters are determined by the optimal distance algorithm.
Treatment of Open Angle Glaucoma and Ischemic Retinopathy with Dopamine Antagonists (1994)

Ocular blood flow in the retina, choroid and optic nerve head should be measured in addition to the intraocular pressure (IOP) in order to better diagnose glaucoma disease and to better evaluate the efficacy of antiglaucoma drugs. It was found that beta-adrenergic blockers, the most widely used antiglaucoma drugs, reduced ocular blood flow in animals and worsened glaucoma disease in some patients, even though the IOP was reduced to the normal range. Therefore, their use for glaucoma treatment requires careful re-evaluation. On the other hand, most dopamine antagonists were found to reduce the IOP and increase the blood flow to the retina, choroid, iris and ciliary muscle. Therefore, these agents could be used for glaucoma treatment. Further, dopamine antagonists were found to improve retinal function after ischemia and, thus, also could be used for the treatment of ischemic retinopathy.
Association with natural polymers modifies lipase selectivity (1994)

Abstract It was shown in the previous communication that the specificity of lipases can be altered through physico‐chemical modifications with defined polymers. The same effect is achieved when lipases form associations with natural polymers. In this communication, non‐covalent modifications of lipases with other polymers, such as carbohydrates and proteins, were investigated and again a correlation between the polarity of the polymer and that of the liberated fatty acids was established. This was most clearly seen following hydrolysis of the pectin in a pectin‐lipase associate: The ratio of liberated oleic‐ to stearic acid changed from 2.2:1 to 1:1 when pectin hydrolysis was stopped. The natural oleic versus stearic ratio of the pure lipase was 0.5:1. Use of a model system consisting of triglycerides containing only one fatty acid provided an explanation for modified lipase specificity. It is suggested that the potential penetration depth of the lipase complex does not determine the profile of liberated fatty acids, but rather that the determining factor is the stabilisation of the modified lipase‐oil/water interface‐complex and the different energy levels in the transition state during lipolysis. A partial purification of a commercial lipase preparation from Mucor javanicus was also performed.
Free-Space Micromachined Optical Switches with Submillisecond Switching Time for Large-Scale Optical Crossconnects (1999)

Optical crossconnects with large port counts are fast becoming critical components for high-capacity optical transport networks. The free-space micromachined optical switches (FS- MOS) demonstrated in this letter represent a means of filling this network need by combining the advantages of free-space interconnection with the virtues of integrated optics. Featuring free-rotating hinged micromirrors, the switch overcomes the common drawback of mechanical-type switches, namely long switching time. Measurements have revealed switching times less than 700μs, crosstalk less than -60 dB, extinction r&o greater than 60 dB, negligible polarization-dependent loss, and excellent bit-error-rate (BER) performance.
Fully Human Antagonistic Antibodies against CCR4 Potently Inhibit Cell Signaling and Chemotaxis (2014)

For the first time, successful generation of anti- G-protein coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) antibodies using human non-immune library and phage display on GPCR-expressing cells was demonstrated. The generated anti-CCR4 antibodies possess a dual mode of action (inhibition of ligand-induced signaling and antibody-directed tumor cell killing). The data demonstrate that the anti-tumor activity in vivo is mediated, at least in part, through Fc-receptor dependent effector mechanisms, such as ADCC and phagocytosis. Anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 antibodies inhibiting receptor signaling have potential as immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer.
Mass Defect-Based Dimethyl Pyrimidinyl Ornithine (DiPyrO) Tags for Multiplex Quantitative Proteomics (2017)

We have developed a novel amine-reactive mass defect-based chemical tag, dimethyl pyrimidinyl ornithine (DiPyrO), that is compact in size, is suitable for various biological samples, and enables highly multiplexed quantification of peptides at the MS<sup>1</sup> level without increasing mass spectral complexity. The DiPyrO tag structure incorporates heavy isotopes in a variety of configurations to impart as much as 45.3 mDa or as little as 5.8 mDa per tag between labeled peptides. Notably, peptides containing lysine are labeled with two tags, doubling the imparted mass defect to up to 90.6 mDa for the duplex tags and effectively reducing the resolving power requirement compared to previously reported mass defect-based quantification approaches. This permits current and previous generation LTQ-Orbitrap platforms to perform confident quantitative analyses of two DiPyrO-labeled samples at 100K resolving power, whereas 3-plex and 6-plex quantifications are possible at 240K and 480K resolving powers, respectively. In this work, we discuss the design and synthesis of the DiPyrO tag, characterize its effect on labeled proteome analysis by nanoLC-MS<sup>2</sup>, and demonstrate proof-of-principle applications of the duplex and triplex tags for quantitative proteomics using high-resolution MS acquisition on the Orbitrap Elite and Orbitrap Fusion Lumos.
A practical scheme for quantum oblivious transfer and private database sampling (2008)

We present an unconditionally secure Oblivious Transfer protocol relying on two rounds of entanglement-free quantum communication. When played honestly, the protocol only requires the ability to measure a single qubit in a fixed basis, and to perform a coherent bit-flip (Pauli X) operation. We present a generalization to a "Private Data Sampling" protocol, where a player (Bob) can obtain a random sample of fixed size from a classical database of size N, while the database owner (Alice) remains oblivious as to which bits were accessed. The protocol is efficient in the sense that the communication complexity per query scales at most linearly with the size of the database. It does not violate Lo's "no-go" theorem for one-sided two-party secure computation, since a given joint input by Alice and Bob can result in randomly different protocol outcomes. Finally it could be used to implement a practical bit string commitment protocol, among other applications.
Plakortinic Acids A and B: Cytotoxic Cycloperoxides with a Bicyclo[4.2.0]octene Unit from Sponges of the Genera <i>Plakortis</i> and <i>Xestospongia</i> (2017)

Plakortinic acids A (2) and B (3), two polyketide endoperoxides with a bicyclo[4.2.0]octene unit, were isolated as minor constituents from the sponge-sponge symbiotic association Plakortis halichondrioides-Xestospongia deweerdtae, along with known epiplakinic acid F (1). The structures of the mixture of two inseparable compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Screening for cytotoxic activity of the mixture against two human tumor cell lines revealed that these compounds are very active at sub-micromolar concentration.
Small molecule antagonist reveals seizure-induced mediation of neuronal injury by prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP2 (2012)

With interest waning in the use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors for inflammatory disease, prostaglandin receptors provide alternative targets for the treatment of COX-2-mediated pathological conditions in both the periphery and the central nervous system. Activation of prostaglandin E2 receptor (PGE(2)) subtype EP2 promotes inflammation and is just beginning to be explored as a therapeutic target. To better understand physiological and pathological functions of the prostaglandin EP2 receptor, we developed a suite of small molecules with a 3-aryl-acrylamide scaffold as selective EP2 antagonists. The 12 most potent compounds displayed competitive antagonism of the human EP2 receptor with K(B) 2-20 nM in Schild regression analysis and 268- to 4,730-fold selectivity over the prostaglandin EP4 receptor. A brain-permeant compound completely suppressed the up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA in rat cultured microglia by EP2 activation and significantly reduced neuronal injury in hippocampus when administered in mice beginning 1 h after termination of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. The salutary actions of this novel group of antagonists raise the possibility that selective block of EP2 signaling via small molecules can be an innovative therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related brain injury.
Improvement of High-Temperature Characteristics of the Sintered Nickel Positive Electrode for an Alkaline Storage Battery (2003)

The high-temperature characteristics of sintered nickel positive electrodes for alkaline storage batteries such as nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries were investigated. Generally, the discharge capacity of an alkaline storage battery charged at high temperature is smaller than that charged at room temperature due to the oxygen evolution reaction. In order to enhance high-temperature characteristics, we coated sintered nickel positive electrodes with yttrium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or cobalt hydroxide. The high-temperature characteristics of the sintered nickel positive electrodes coated with yttrium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide by immersing them in sodium hydroxide solution after immersing in nitrate solution were greatly enhanced because of the increased oxygen overvoltage.
Novel Polymer Capsules from Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers and Cross-Metathesis (2003)

We report the synthesis of polymer capsules from amphiphilic graft copolymers composed of reactive, hydrophobic polyolefin backbones and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafts. The capsules are produced by self-assembly of the polymers at the oil-water interface, followed by cross-linking with bis-cyclooctene PEG derivatives. The fluorescence of these capsules results from integration of rhodamine B functionalized cyclooctene 1 into the polymer structure. The use of the graft copolymer architecture in capsule synthesis provides significant opportunities to tune both the surface properties, in terms of recognition, and the membrane properties, in terms of mechanical strength, encapsulation, and release.
Outlier-Robust Matrix Completion via $\ell _p$ -Minimization (2017)

Matrix completion refers to recovering a low-rank matrix from only a subset of its possibly noisy entries, and has a variety of important applications because many real-world signals can be modeled by a n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> × n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> matrix with rank r ≪ min(n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). Most existing techniques for matrix completion assume Gaussian noise and, thus, they are not robust to outliers. In this paper, we devise two algorithms for robust matrix completion based on low-rank matrix factorization and ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -norm minimization of the fitting error with 0 <; p <; 2. The first method tackles the low-rank matrix factorization with missing data by iteratively solving (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> + n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) linear ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -regression problems, whereas the second applies the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) in the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -space. At each iteration of the ADMM, it requires performing a least squares (LS) matrix factorization and calculating the proximity operator of the pth power of the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> -norm. The LS factorization is efficiently solved using linear LS regression while the proximity operator has closed-form solution for p = 1 or can be obtained by root finding of a scalar nonlinear equation for other values of p. The two proposed algorithms have comparable recovery capability and computational complexity of O(K|Ω|r <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), where |Ω| is the number of observed entries and K is a fixed constant of several hundreds to thousands and dimension independent. It is demonstrated that they are superior to the singular value thresholding, singular value projection, and alternating projection schemes in terms of computational simplicity, statistical accuracy, and outlier-robustness.
Human and murine CD4 T cell epitopes map to the same region of the malaria circumsporozoite protein: limited immunogenicity of sporozoites and circumsporozoite protein. (1988)

The circumsporozoite (CS) protein is a candidate vaccine antigen for the sporozoite stage in the life cycle of the malaria parasite. Using CS protein purified from recombinant baculovirus-infected cells and a panel of H-2 congenic mice, we are able to demonstrate that this protein is poorly immunogenic in terms of antibody production as a result of Ir gene control. The immune response to the protein is also restricted following immunization with a CS-recombinant vaccinia virus or with sporozoites. Using a panel of overlapping peptides spanning the entire protein, we are able to show that the high responder mice recognize helper T cell epitopes from the same region of the protein as do humans. This region, however, is the polymorphic segment of the protein, which has implications for vaccine development. However, the close overlap of human and murine T cell epitopes demonstrates that murine models may be very useful in epitope mapping and vaccine development for human pathogens. The T cell antigenic regions of this protein fulfil the predictive requirements for the amphipathic helicity algorithm.
Synthesis and Antiarrhythmic Activity of 2,2-Dialkyl-1'-(N-substituted aminoalkyl)-spiro-(chroman-4,4'-imidazolidine)-2',5'-diones. (1992)

A novel series of 2,2-dialkyl-1'-(N-substituted aminoalkyl)-spiro-[chroman-4,4' -imidazolidine]-2',5'-diones was synthesized and evaluated for antiarrhythmic activity in chloroform- or/and aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmia in mice. Among these compounds, (-)-6-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-1'-[3-(4-hydroxypiperidino)propyl] -spiro-[chroman-4,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5' -dione was found to be more effective than reference agents and was selected for further development.
Large enhancement of the in-field critical current density of YBCO coated conductors due to composite pinning landscape (2020)

Abstract YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -based coated conductors (CCs) achieve the highest critical current densities ( J c ) of any known superconductor and are a key technology for applications such as rotatory machines, high-field magnets and power transmission. Incorporation of nano-sized non-superconducting second phases as additional vortex pinning centers has been considered the most amenable route to further enhance J c at an industrial scale, and has been successfully used in commercial CCs. The resulting pinning landscape is quite complex, with both synergistic and competing interactions among the various types of defects. Particle irradiation, on the other hand, allows for a controlled post-processing incorporation of a well-defined defect morphology. We have previously shown that irradiation with protons and other light ions can further enhance the in-field J c in commercial state-of-the-art CCs. Here we develop a combined irradiation process that increases J c above values previously achieved by irradiating with only one species. Our new approach involves sequentially irradiating with 250 MeV Au ions and 4 MeV protons. For example, at T ∼ 27 K (liquid neon) and µ 0 H ∼ 4 T, a region of interest for rotatory machines applications, we obtain J c ∼ 5 MA cm −2 , which is about 40% higher than the values produced by the individual irradiations. Finally, we conclude that this is due to the synergistic pinning effects of the introduced splayed, non-uniform columnar defects and small clusters.
New Design Technique for Wide Band Pass Filters using Direct Frequency Conversion Design Method (2007)

In this paper, a new design technique called the direct frequency conversion method is proposed, for wideband pass filters, which can be applied to the UWB (ultra wide band) system. Using the proposed method, a wide band-pass filter is designed as an equivalent circuit, composed of parallel and serial L-C resonators. In the equivalent circuit, a microstrip line and a suspended stripline (SS) are adopted to implement short-and open-stubs of the parallel L-C resonator. Distributed models for the inductor and the capacitor are used to implement the series L-C resonator. The proposed filter is designed so that the attenuation characteristic is better than -30 dB in the range of DC~1.4 GHz and 6.6-20 GHz, and lower than -60 dB in the range of 7.2-20 GHz. The low-pass filter is connected to the wide band-pass filter, in order to obtain a flat band stop characteristic that is lower than -60 dB at 20 GHz and above. The very low insertion loss and excellent attenuation rejection characteristics are remarkable aspects of the proposed design. The measured data agree well with predictions.
Identification and characterization of a functional mitochondrial angiotensin system (2011)

The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system regulates multiple physiological functions through Ang II type 1 and type 2 receptors. Prior studies suggest an intracellular pool of Ang II that may be released in an autocrine manner upon stretch to activate surface membrane Ang receptors. Alternatively, an intracellular renin-Ang system has been proposed, with a primary focus on nuclear Ang receptors. A mitochondrial Ang system has not been previously described. Here we report that functional Ang II type 2 receptors are present on mitochondrial inner membranes and are colocalized with endogenous Ang. We demonstrate that activation of the mitochondrial Ang system is coupled to mitochondrial nitric oxide production and can modulate respiration. In addition, we present evidence of age-related changes in mitochondrial Ang receptor expression, i.e., increased mitochondrial Ang II type 1 receptor and decreased type 2 receptor density that is reversed by chronic treatment with the Ang II type 1 receptor blocker losartan. The presence of a functional Ang system in human mitochondria provides a foundation for understanding the interaction between mitochondria and chronic disease states and reveals potential therapeutic targets for optimizing mitochondrial function and decreasing chronic disease burden with aging.
Facile synthesis of formaldehyde‐based polyether(‐carbonate) polyols (2015)

Paraformaldehyde (pFA) was utilized as an abundant building block to synthesize remarkably stable liquid pFA-poly(alkoxy) and pFA-poly(alkoxy)(carbonate) triblock polyols by graft oligomerization of epoxides and variable amounts of CO2. The resulting tailor-made oligo diols are highly interesting precursors. They are partially made from alternative feedstock and are well suited as starting materials for state-of-the-art polyurethane chemistry. Moreover, this study demonstrates the general feasibility of a novel polyether polyol process with a significantly reduced epoxide demand. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Supplementary Information Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in the larynx: Preliminary findings (2005)

In the larynx, spectral differences appear to exist between normal tissue, carcinoma, and papilloma. The ability to obtain spectra rapidly supports potential for future in vivo studies.
Impact of High Contrast Grating Size in Tunable VCSELs (2009)

We show the effects of shrinking the high contrast grating size on a wavelength-tunable VCSEL experimentally and theoretically. With a grating having only 4 periods, we demonstrate the fastest tunable VCSEL with speed >25 MHz.
HTG Bevel Gears, the New Performance Class in Azimuth Thruster Gears (2018)

As the bevel gear is the size-determining key element within the upper and lower gearboxes of an azimuth thruster, there is a significant trickle effect onto many downstream features of the overall system. As part of its research programme, SCHOTTEL has developed a unique and major improvement of this key element: a new type of bevel gear which comes with a unique gearing geometry never used before, and which has a significantly increased load capacity.
Noise Estimation for Spectrum Sensing Schemes (2016)

In this paper, a noise estimation method is proposed and examined for spectrum sensing purposes. The proposed method is based on the use of the first Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF), which is the output of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). This technique is blind and a priori knowledge of the received signal characteristics are not required. Two well known noise-dependent spectrum sensing techniques, namely Energy Detector (ED) and Maximum Eigenvalue Detector (MED), are utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The simulated results show an improvement in the detection rate for both techniques, ED and MED, in contrast with scenarios with noise uncertainty.
Hybrid Distributed Acoustic-Temperature Sensor Using a Multimode Fiber (2021)

We report on simultaneous measurements of vibration and temperature along a multimode fiber (MMF). The MMF operates in a quasi-single-mode (QSM) state to satisfy the operational requirements of the distributed acoustic and temperature sensing systems.