gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realistic rendering and animation of knitwear (2003)

We present a framework for knitwear modeling and rendering that accounts for characteristics that are particular to knitted fabrics. We first describe a model for animation that considers knitwear features and their effects on knitwear shape and interaction. With the computed free-form knitwear configurations, we present an efficient procedure for realistic synthesis based on the observation that a single cross section of yarn can serve as the basic primitive for modeling entire articles of knitwear. This primitive, called the lumislice, describes radiance from a yarn cross section that accounts for fine-level interactions among yarn fibers. By representing yarn as a sequence of identical but rotated cross sections, the lumislice can effectively propagate local microstructure over arbitrary stitch patterns and knitwear shapes. The lumislice accommodates varying levels of detail, allows for soft shadow generation, and capitalizes on hardware-assisted transparency blending. These modeling and rendering techniques together form a complete approach for generating realistic knitwear.
Packaging of 8/spl times/16 delivery and coupling switch for a 320 Gb/s throughput optical path cross-connect system (1996)

8/spl times/16 delivery and coupling switch boards are developed for the construction of a fully engineered optical path cross-connect system that has 320 Gb/s throughput. The average insertion loss and ON/OFF ratio are 13.8 dB and 43.3 dB, respectively. This paper presents, for the first time, newly developed 8/spl times/16 delivery and coupling switch (DC-SW) boards designed for use in the fully engineered optical path cross-connect system.
Integrated Hydrogenated Amorphous Si Photodiode Detector for Microfluidic Bioanalytical Devices (2003)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) PIN photodiodes have been developed and characterized as fluorescence detectors for microfluidic analysis devices. A discrete a-Si:H photodiode is first fabricated on a glass substrate and used to detect fluorescent dye standards using conventional confocal microscopy. In this format, the limit of detection for fluorescein flowing in a 50-microm deep channel is 680 pM (S/N = 3). A hybrid integrated detection system consisting of a half-ball lens, a ZnS/YF3 multilayer optical interference filter with a pinhole, and an annular a-Si:H photodiode is also developed that allows the laser excitation to pass up through the central aperture in the detector. Using this integrated detection device, the limit of detection for fluorescein is 17 nM, and DNA fragment sizing and chiral analysis of glutamic acid are successfully performed. The a-Si:H detector exhibits high sensitivity at the emission wavelengths of commonly used fluorescent dyes and is readily microfabricated and integrated at low cost making it ideal for portable microfluidic bioanalyzers and emerging large scale integrated microfluidic technologies.
Tunable Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Quantum-Confined Layered Perovskite Emitters (2017)

Organic–inorganic perovskites have been shown to have excellent optoelectronic properties. Further, layered perovskites have been demonstrated, utilizing quantum confinement to achieve emission blue-shifted from the bulk band gap. Here, we tune this blue-shift to build LEDs that span the visible spectrum. We demonstrate that electroluminescence from red-shifted layers dominates emission from mixed-thickness devices and that the addition of excess ligand is necessary to drive emission toward blue-shifted layers. By tuning the thickness of the layers, we build LEDs with blue emission utilizing the lead bromide system and orange emission utilizing the lead iodide system. Finally, we demonstrate that these materials suffer reversible degradation under an applied electric field. The spectrally narrow emission, combined with the favorable electronic properties of perovskite materials and access to shorter emission wavelengths through quantum confinement, demonstrates the promise of these materials as a new platform for low-cost, high-performance light-emitting devices.
Inactivation of the cytochrome P450 gene <i>CYP82E2 </i>by degenerative mutations was a key event in the evolution of the alkaloid profile of modern tobacco (2007)

The alkaloid profile of cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is different from that of its two progenitors, Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis, in that tobacco accumulates nicotine as the most abundant alkaloid, while its ancestors convert nicotine to nornicotine in the senescing leaf. The nicotine-retaining phenotype of tobacco is thought to have evolved through the inactivation of the conversion loci inherited from its two progenitors. Here, the genetic changes associated with the inactivation of the conversion locus derived from N. sylvestris were investigated. Candidate genes were isolated from a N. sylvestris senescing leaf cDNA library and characterized by heterologous gene expression in yeast, site-directed mutagenesis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A cytochrome P450 gene, designated NsylCYP82E2, was isolated from N. sylvestris. Located on the chromosomal fragment defined by the N. sylvestris conversion locus, NsylCYP82E2 confers high nicotine N-demethylase (NND) activity in the senescing leaves of N. sylvestris, but the gene is inactivated by two degenerative mutations in tobacco. Collectively with previously published data, these results show that inactivation of NND genes by degenerative mutations and/or transcriptional suppression played a key role in the evolution of the alkaloid profile of modern tobacco.
Structure Modification of Fluorocarbon Ether Bibenzoxazole Polymers to Improve Hydrolytic Stability (1979)

Hydrolytically and thermooxidatively stable fluorocarbon ether bibenzoxazole (FEB) polymers were synthesized by the acetic acid-promoted polycyclocondensation of fluorocarbon ether bis (o-aminophenol) monomers with novel fluorocarbon ether dithioimidate ester monomers. The dithioimidate esters were derived from hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) or, preferably, from a combination of tetrafluoroethylene oxide (TFEO) and HFPO. The latter class of TFEO:HFPO-derived dithioimidate esters was tailored to impart improved hydrolytic stability to the resultant FEB polymers while minimizing undesirable, concomitant increases in polymer glass transition temperatures (Tg). The polymers were obtained in moderate-to-high molecular weight and exhibited inherent viscosities in the range of 0.20 to 0.41 dl/g. Polymer structures were verified by elemental and infrared spectral analysis. Lower polymer Tg's were obtained with increased fluorocarbon ether content, a minimum value of -48 C (- 55 F) being achieved. High thermooxidative stability of the HFPO- and TFEO:HFPO- based FEB polymers was substantiated by thermogravimetric analysis and isothermal aging studies in air. After isothermal aging in air for 200 hours at 288 C (550 F) and 260 C (500 F), respresentative polymers exhibited weight losses of 17 and 7 percent, respectively. Hydrolytic stability of the polymers was evaluated by exposure to a 95 percent relative humidity, 93 C (200 F) environment for prolonged periods of time. Based on comparative polymer Tg, inherent viscosity and infrared spectral data, the HFPO- and TFEO:HFPO-based FEB polymers exhibited vastly improved hydrolytic stability over analogous TFEO- based FEB polymers.
A novel, highly-strained structure with an integrated optical cavity for a low threshold germanium laser (2015)

We propose a novel low threshold, CMOS-compatible laser structure with a strained germanium gain medium and a photonic crystal cavity. We demonstrate 1.70% uniaxial tensile strain through experiments and design a high quality factor (>11,000) optical cavity around the gain medium.
Geometry of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1988)

This study aimed to define the articular geometry of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe. Embedded in resin blocks, five pairs of cadaveric first MTP joints (all from men) were sequentially cut in the sagittal plane with a milling machine, removing 0.5 mm of bone in each cut. The photographed cartilaginous outline of each cut was digitized against reference markers, which enabled a computer system to superimpose each outline in three dimensions. The intersesamoidal ridge was found to be parallel to the lateral shaft. The peak of the ridge was just lateral to the midline of the MT head. The articular outline, through the ridge of each sample, was circular; however, other surface contours were noncircular. The undulating plantar aspect of the MTP head formed by the intersesamoidal ridge and related grooves was found to have symmetric relationships to the sesamoid bones and a consistent orientation to the shaft. The rounded distal dorsal aspect of the MTP head showed consistent differences to the concavity formed by the phalangeal base. The sample size is too small for the sizing of prostheses but it is adequate to study the geometry of the MTP joint. More data are needed for the accurate replication of a resurfacing prosthesis and understanding of joint kinematics.
Transformations in the dibenzo[<i>a,d</i>]cycloheptene series (1981)

Abstract The synthesis of 5‐aminomethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐5 H ‐dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene derivatives 3 was accomplished by two separate routes. The first route involves the reaction of 4 with Corey's Reagent followed by reaction with either amines or hydrazines. The reaction products with hydrazines ( e.g. 6 ) were hydrogenolyzed, either with hydrogen in the presence of platinum, or with hydrazine in the presence of Raney nickel to yield 3 . The second route to these compounds ( 3 ) proceeds by a Reformatsky reaction on 4 followed by acid‐hydrazide formation and Curtius degradation of 8 to afford spirooxazolidones 9 . Compounds 9 can be alkylated on nitrogen ( 10 ), and either 9 or 10 hydrolyzed to give the target compounds 3 .
Super-resolution Microscopy at Cryogenic Temperatures Using Solid Immersion Lenses (2019)

Our mechanistic understanding of cell function depends on imaging biological processes in cells with molecular resolution. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy plays a crucial role by reporting cellular ultrastructure with 20-30 nm resolution. However, this resolution is insufficient to image macro-molecular machinery at work. A path to improve resolution is to image under cryogenic conditions, which substantially increases the brightness of most fluorophores and preserves native ultrastructure much better than chemical fixatives. Cryogenic conditions are, however, underutilized because of the lack of compatible high numerical aperture (NA) objectives. Here we describe a protocol for the use of super-hemispherical solid immersion lenses (<i>super</i>SILs) to achieve super-resolution imaging at cryogenic temperatures with an effective NA of 2.17 and resolution of ~10 nm.
Infectious Virions Produced from a Human Papillomavirus Type 18/16 Genomic DNA Chimera (2002)

The organotypic raft culture system has allowed the study of the differentiation-dependent aspects of the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle. However, genetic strategies to more completely understand the HPV life cycle are limited. The generation of chimeric viruses has been a useful tool in other virus systems to analyze infection and replication. To investigate the specificity of the interaction of nonstructural genes of one HPV type with the structural genes of another HPV type, we have replaced the L2 and L1 open reading frames (ORFs) of HPV type 18 (HPV18) with the L2 and L1 ORFs of HPV type 16 (HPV16). The resulting HPV18/16 chimeric construct was introduced into primary keratinocytes, where it was stably maintained episomally at a range of 50 to 100 copies of HPV genomic DNA, similar to that typically found in HPV-infected cells in vivo. The integrity of the HPV18/16 genomic DNA chimera was demonstrated. Upon differentiation in raft cultures, late viral functions, including viral DNA amplification, capsid gene expression, and virion morphogenesis, occurred. Chimeric HPV18/16 virions were purified from the raft cultures and were capable of infecting keratinocytes in vitro. Additionally, infection was specifically neutralized with human HPV16 virus-like particle (VLP)-specific antiserum and not with human HPV18 VLP-specific antiserum. Our data demonstrate that the nonstructural genes of HPV18 functionally interact with the structural genes of HPV16, allowing the complete HPV life cycle to occur. We believe that this is the first report of the propagation of chimeric HPV by normal life cycle pathways.
Logistic regression over encrypted data from fully homomorphic encryption (2018)

We demonstrate the feasibility but high computational cost of training over encrypted data. On the other hand, our method can guarantee the highest level of data privacy in critical applications.
A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling (1998)

Recently, several implementations of arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques have been developed for producing MRI images sensitive to local tissue perfusion. For quantitation of perfusion, both pulsed and continuous labeling methods potentially suffer from a number of systematic errors. In this study, a general kinetic model for the ASL signal is described that can be used to assess these errors. With appropriate assumptions, the general model reduces to models that have been used previously to analyze ASL data, but the general model also provides a way to analyze the errors that result if these assumptions are not accurate. The model was used for an initial assessment of systematic errors due to the effects of variable transit delays from the tagging band to the imaging voxel, the effects of capillary/tissue exchange of water on the relaxation of the tag, and the effects of incomplete water extraction. In preliminary experiments with a human subject, the model provided a good description of pulsed ASL data during a simple sensorimotor activation task.
ARG-GLY-ASP (RGD) PEPTIDES INCREASE THE EXPOSURE OF THE CARBOXYL TERMINAL REGION OF THE HEAVY CHAIN OF GPIIB ON THE PLATELET SURFACE (1987)

RGD peptides and those derived from the fibrinogen γ chain (e.g., γ 400-411 (H12)) are inhibitors of platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding. These two sets of peptides interact with a common adhesive protein receptor on platelets which contains GPIIb-IIIa (JBC, 262:947, 1987). A 17 amino acid sequence near the carboxyl terminus of GPIIbα recognized by the PMI-1 monoclonal antibody (JCI, 78:1103, 1986), isexpressed on the cell surface under certain conditions which are not permissive for fibrinogen binding. Thus, achange in the surface orientation of GPIIb is associated with inhibitionofplatelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding. To investigate whether or notsuch changes in GPIIb-IIIa occur during peptide inhibition of plateletfunction, we examined peptide effectson exposure of the PMI-1 epitope. Three different RGD peptides induced reversibly increased binding of 125I-PMI-1 to both resting and thrombin-stimulated platelets. Specificity of this effect was demonstrated bythe failure of the inactive peptides GRGESP andSDGR to induce PMI-1 binding. This effect does not appear to requireviable platelets since it was observed on fixed cells and in detergent solutioncontaining purified GPIIb-IIIa. Theγchair, peptides provoked asimilar effect, but required greater concentrations than the RGD peptides.These results indicate that RGDpeptides, in addition to their presumed competitive effect on adhesive protein binding to platelets, are also capableof increasing the surface exposureofthe carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of GPIIb, thus potentially altering platelet function.
Rate control for MPEG transcoders (2001)

In MPEG, the input pictures can be coded in three different types: I, P, and B. The three pictures require quite different numbers of bits because of different natures of their temporal processing. Hence, an intelligent bit-allocation strategy should assign a picture the number of bits according to the picture's type, as well as the picture organization. This implies a requirement of a prior knowledge of the picture types for a given bit budget. This requirement is not a problem for the encoder, as the encoder can decide the type for each input picture. In fact, the encoder can plan ahead the types of the pictures. A transcoder however has no such a prior knowledge about a picture's type before actually processing the picture. This creates a difficulty in bit allocation for the transcoder. This paper presents a novel rate control scheme for MPEG transcoder that requires no a prior knowledge of the picture types. Our study indicates that the picture target rates determined by the proposed rate control with and without a prior knowledge of the picture types are very close.
Prototype fiber optic liquid crystalline sensor for pressure monitoring (1999)

This paper presents results of initial tests performed on a new prototype fiber optic liquid crystalline sensor for hydrostatic pressure monitoring, which employs pressure-induced deformations in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells. The prototype pressure sensor is based on polarization effects occurring in the reflective configuration of the liquid crystal cells under the Mauguin limit. Results indicate that the prototype sensor offers high response to pressure with reduced temperature sensitivity and, depending on the replaceable liquid crystalline sensing element, can be adjusted for monitoring of low hydrostatic pressures up to 4 MPa.
FPGA PLB Architecture Evaluation and Area Optimization Techniques Using (2007)

This paper presents a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) logic synthesis technique based upon Boolean satisfi- ability. This paper shows how to map any Boolean function into an arbitrary programmable logic block (PLB) architecture with- out any custom decomposition techniques. The authors illustrate several useful applications of this technique by showing how this technique can be used for architecture evaluation and area op- timization. When evaluating the FPGA architecture, the authors focus on the basic building block of the FPGA, which they refer to as PLB. In order to illustrate the flexibility of their evaluation framework, several unrelated PLB architectures are evaluated in an automated fashion. Furthermore, the authors show that using their technique is able to reduce FPGA resource usage by 27% on average in common subcircuits found in digital design. Index Terms—Boolean satisfiability (SAT), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), logic synthesis, quantified SAT (QSAT), resynthesis.
Stopless (2007)

We present Stopless: a concurrent real-time garbage collector suitable for modern multiprocessors running parallel multithreaded applications. Creating a garbage-collected environment that supports real-time on modern platforms is notoriously hard,especially if real-time implies lock-freedom. Known real-time collectors either restrict the real-time guarantees to uniprocessors only, rely on special hardware, or just give up supporting atomic operations (which are crucial for lock-free software). Stopless is the first collector that provides real-time responsiveness while preserving lock-freedom, supporting atomic operations, controlling fragmentation by compaction, and supporting modern parallel platforms. Stopless is adequate for modern languages such as C# or Java. It was implemented on top of the Bartok compiler and runtime for C# and measurements demonstrate high responsiveness (a factor of a 100 better than previously published systems), virtually no pause times, good mutator utilization, and acceptable overheads.
47 CHROMIUM LABELED RED BLOOD CELLS, A POTENTIAL INTRA-VASCULAR MRI CONTRAST AGENT (1985)

Eisenberg, A. D.; Conturo, T. E.; Mitchell, M. R.; Schwartzberg, M. S.; Price, R. R.; Partain, C. L.; James, A. E. Author Information
The Kinetics of In Vivo Priming of CD4 and CD8 T Cells by Dendritic/Tumor Fusion Cells in MUC1-Transgenic Mice (2002)

Previous work has demonstrated that dendritic/tumor fusion cells induce potent antitumor immune responses in vivo and in vitro. However, little is known about the migration and homing of fusion cells after s.c. injection or the kinetics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation. In the present study, fluorescence-labeled dendritic/MUC1-positive tumor fusion cells (FC/MUC1) were injected s.c. into MUC1-transgenic mice. The FC/MUC1 migrated to draining lymph nodes and were closely associated with T cells in a pattern comparable with that of unfused dendritic cells. Immunization of MUC1-transgenic mice with FC/MUC1 resulted in proliferation of T cells and induced MUC1-specific CD8+ CTL. Moreover, CD4+ T cells activated by FC/MUC1 were multifunctional effectors that produced IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10. These findings indicate that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can be primed in vivo by FC/MUC1 immunization.
Comparison of Fluoride Uptake Produced by Tray and Flossing Methods in vitro (1989)

The purposes of this study were to compare: (i) the fluoride (F) uptake by enamel in approximal areas of teeth when the F agent was applied in vitro via a tray or a flossing technique; and (ii) the effectiveness of two treatments--acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) alone and CaHPO4.2H2O (DCPD)-forming pre-treatment followed by APF. Groups of three teeth (one premolar and two molars) were mounted in impression compounds simulating their oral configuration. In the tray group, teeth received one four-minute treatment by means of custom-formed trays. In the flossing group, the approximal areas of teeth were flossed for 40 sec twice daily for three days with an absorbent floss wetted with the treatment solution. All teeth were incubated in a saliva-like solution except during treatment. At the end of the three-day period, teeth were unmounted and washed in 1 mol/L KOH for 24 hours. The F uptake was calculated from biopsy data obtained before and after the treatment. The results showed that (i) DCPD-APF produced significantly greater F uptake than APF alone in both the tray and flossing methods, and (ii) the flossing technique produced significantly greater F uptake in the approximal areas than the tray method for either treatment.
Microscope (2020)

By moving monolithic network appliances to software running on commodity hardware, network function virtualization allows flexible resource sharing among network functions and achieves scalability with low cost. However, due to resource contention, network functions can suffer from performance problems that are hard to diagnose. In particular, when many flows traverse a complex topology of NF instances, it is hard to pinpoint root causes for a flow experiencing performance issues such as low throughput or high latency. Simply maintaining resource counters at individual NFs is not sufficient since the effect of resource contention can propagate across NFs and over time. In this paper, we introduce Microscope, a performance diagnosis tool, for network functions that leverages queuing information at NFs to identify the root causes (i.e., resources, NFs, traffic patterns of flows etc.). Our evaluation on realistic NF chains and traffic shows that we can correctly capture root causes behind 89.7% of performance impairments, up to 2.5 times more than the state-of-the-art tools with low overhead.