gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virus validation experiments on the production process of OCTAVI SDPlus (1995)

The inactivation of both transfusion-relevant and model viruses by modified pasteurization has been evaluated following the established guidelines of the European Union Committee for Proprietary Medical Products Ad Hoc Working Party on Biotechnology/Pharmacy. This heat treatment in solution for 10 h at 63 degrees C was introduced into the manufacturing process of OCTAVI, a very high purity factor VIII concentrate stabilized by von Willebrand factor. It could be demonstrated that both enveloped (human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, pseudorabies virus) and non-enveloped viruses (poliovirus, coxsackievirus, hepatitis A virus) were inactivated by this heating step with an efficacy of greater than 4.5 log10 TCID50. The combination of the solvent/detergent step already used in the manufacture with this modified pasteurization leads to a double virus-inactivated factor VIII concentrate (OCTAVI SDPlus) with a viral safety distinctly superior to monoinactivated products.
Iron-Dependent Cytochrome <i>c</i> <sub>1</sub> Expression Is Mediated by the Status of Heme in <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> (2005)

The heme prosthetic group of heme proteins contains iron, which can be a limiting nutrient. Here, we show that cytochrome c1 protein from Bradyrhizobium japonicum was strongly affected by the iron status, with low expression in cells grown under iron limitation. This control was not affected in mutants encoding the iron regulator Irr or Fur. Furthermore, cytochrome c1 mRNA was not influenced by the iron status, suggesting control at a posttranscriptional step. Cytochrome c1 protein levels were very low in mutants defective in the genes encoding delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase and ferrochelatase, enzymes that catalyze the first and final steps of the heme biosynthetic pathway, respectively. Iron-dependent cytochrome c1 expression was restored in the ALA synthase mutant by supplementation of the medium with the heme precursor ALA. Supplementation with heme resulted in high levels of cytochrome c1 protein in the wild type and in both mutants, but expression was no longer iron dependent. Cytochrome c1 is synthesized as a protein precursor fused with cytochrome b. A plasmid-borne construct encoding only cytochrome c1 was expressed in an iron- and heme-dependent manner similar to that of the wild-type gene, indicating that control by those effectors is not linked to posttranslational processing of the fusion protein. Mutation of the cytochrome c1 cysteines involved in covalent binding to heme nearly abolished immunodetectable protein. Thus, defects in heme synthesis or heme binding abrogate cytochrome c1 accumulation, apparently due to protein degradation. We suggest that iron-dependent cytochrome c1 expression is mediated by heme availability for heme protein formation.
Evaluation of intracellular signaling downstream chimeric antigen receptors (2021)

CD19-targeting CAR T cells have shown potency in clinical trials targeting B cell leukemia. Although mainly second generation (2G) CARs carrying CD28 or 4-1BB have been investigated in patients, preclinical studies suggest that third generation (3G) CARs with both CD28 and 4-1BB have enhanced capacity. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of CARs. In the present work, we have analyzed the signaling capacity post antigen stimulation in both 2G and 3G CARs. 3G CAR T cells expanded better than 2G CAR T cells upon repeated stimulation with IL-2 and autologous B cells. An antigen-driven accumulation of CAR+ cells was evident post antigen stimulation. The cytotoxicity of both 2G and 3G CAR T cells was maintained by repeated stimulation. The phosphorylation status of intracellular signaling proteins post antigen stimulation showed that 3G CAR T cells had a higher activation status than 2G. Several proteins involved in signaling downstream the TCR were activated, as were proteins involved in the cell cycle, cell adhesion and exocytosis. In conclusion, 3G CART cells had a higher degree of intracellular signaling activity than 2G CARs which may explain the increased proliferative capacity seen in 3G CAR T cells. The study also indicates that there may be other signaling pathways to consider when designing or evaluating new generations of CARs.
Synthetic Studies on d-Biotin, Part 9. An Improved Asymmetric Synthetic Route to d-Biotin via Hoffmann-Roche Lactone-Thiolactone Approach (2005)

An efficient and highly stereoselective total synthesis of d-biotin has been achieved starting from cis-1,3-dibenzyl-2-imidazolidone-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (2) with an overall yield of 33%. Polymer-supported oxazaborolidine-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of meso-cyclic imide 4 constitutes the key synthetic step in introducing stereogenic centers into the d-biotin molecule.
About detection and diagnosis of Freezing of Gait (2013)

This paper is about the initiative of detecting Freezing of Gait (FoG) in Parkinson Disease (PD). Summarizing more than twelve years of accumulated data, presenting the techniques used, and evaluating their results would create a reference paper for future works. We traced the development of diverse researches and sensor-based systems (acceleration, force resistive, angle, EMG, etc...) to expand and refine the results, pointing out flaws and demonstrating the advantages of each one. The paper sums up the investigations in one of the most unpredictable and impairing symptoms of PD, specifically the area of FoG detection and prevention.
Effect of Health Risk Assessment and Counselling on Health Behaviour and Survival in Older People: A Pragmatic Randomised Trial (2015)

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN 28458424.
Adaptive array antenna combined with tapped delay line using processing gain for spread-spectrum CDMA systems (2003)

The paper first proposes a method to correctly update the weights of an adaptive array antenna using the inherent processing gain of a spread spectrum (SS) receiver, even for received signals with very low desired-to-undesired signal power ratio (DUR). Since the method reduces effect of the delay in the controlling loop, stable convergence can be guaranteed in a fading channel. Secondly the method is applied to a tapped delay line (TDL) adaptive array antenna in order to improve performance of rejecting co-channel interference in CDMA. The array is investigated corresponding to the DUR and bandwidth of SS signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physical activity levels in schistosomiasis associated-pulmonary arterial hypertension (2019)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease which leads to a reduction in physical activity levels (PAL). Schistosomiasis associated-PAH (Sch-PAH) is one of the most prevalent forms of PAH in developing countries. Previously, we demonstrated that Sch-PAH patients had a better clinical outcome in comparison to idiopathic form. However, no previous studies have evaluated the PAL in Sch-PAH patients. Therefore, we compared PAL in patients diagnosed with Sch-PAH and idiopathic-PAH (IPAH). <b>Methods:</b> All patients underwent: right heart catheterization, brain natriuretic peptide, and 6-minute walk test for risk assessment according to ESC/ERS guideline. Physical activity was evaluated by a triaxial accelerometer. Data are presented as %, mean±SD or median (25-75%). <b>Results:</b> Despite the similar hemodynamic profile, most of IPAH patients had an intermediate risk profile (79 vs. 44%; p=0.03) in comparison to Sch-PAH. In addition, IPAH patients were more sedentary (626±94 vs. 482±87 minutes/day; p<0.01), and performed less moderate to vigorous physical activity (2.5 (1.4-11) vs. 9.6 (4.2-12) minutes/day; p<0.05). No difference was observed in steps count (3902±1518 vs. 4838±1265 steps/day; p=014) between groups. Moreover, moderate to vigorous physical activity (r=-0.45; p=0.03) and steps count/day (r=-0.55; p<0.01) were inversely correlated to risk assessment score. <b>Conclusion:</b> Sch-PAH patients are more active, as they expend less sedentary time and performed higher moderate to vigorous activities in comparison to IPAH patients. This highlights the possibility that the differences in physical activity levels could be associated to the better clinical outcome observed in Sch-PAH patients.
Personalization and Community Communication for Customer Support (2002)

Using electronic media for interaction with customers enables enterprises to integrate customer activity and knowledge about customers resulting in a high-quality relationship thus turning buying processes more efficient. In this paper we present findings and concepts from two projects. A study of the potential for online personalization conducted in Switzerland gives hints about the readiness of companies for the adoption of personalization tools and about some challenges in implementing these. In a basic research project in Germany we are investigating how personalization and community communication can be used in a specific context with a focus on the selection and design of individualized products. This paper provides an overview of personalization and community communication in customer support and highlights some issues in the context of the projects. 1
Toward energy-efficient cloud computing: Prediction, consolidation, and overcommitment (2015)

Energy consumption has become a significant concern for cloud service providers due to financial as well as environmental factors. As a result, cloud service providers are seeking innovative ways that allow them to reduce the amount of energy that their data centers consume. They are calling for the development of new energy-efficient techniques that are suitable for their data centers. The services offered by the cloud computing paradigm have unique characteristics that distinguish them from traditional services, giving rise to new design challenges as well as opportunities when it comes to developing energy-aware resource allocation techniques for cloud computing data centers. In this article we highlight key resource allocation challenges, and present some potential solutions to reduce cloud data center energy consumption. Special focus is given to power management techniques that exploit the virtualization technology to save energy. Several experiments, based on real traces from a Google cluster, are also presented to support some of the claims we make in this article.
Synthesis of Poly(vinylene-arsine)s:  Alternating Radical Copolymerization of Arsenic Atomic Biradical Equivalent and Phenylacetylene (2002)

Novel organoarsenic polymers, poly(vinylene-arsine)s, were synthesized by a free-radical alternating copolymerization of phenylacetylene with cyclooligoarsines as an atomic biradical equivalent. The polymerization between pentamethylpentacycloarsine (1a) or hexaphenylhexacycloarsine (1b) with phenylacetylene (2) in the presence of a catalytic amount of AIBN (in benzene; refluxing; for 12 h) gave the corresponding poly(vinylene-arsine)s. The obtained polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as THF, chloroform, and benzene. From gel permeation chromatographic analysis (chloroform, PSt standards), the number-average molecular weights of the polymers from 1a and 1b were found to be 11500 and 3900, respectively. The structures of the polymers were supported by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The corresponding polymer was also obtained by irradiation of a benzene solution of 1a and 2 with xenon lamp at room temperature. After the polymer from 1a was stirred vigorously with 30% H2O2, the 1H NMR spectrum of the polymer showed the methyl proton that was assigned to As(III)-Me, suggesting the insensitivity of the trivalent state arsenic in the main chain to the oxidation. The structures and the molecular weights of the polymers were insensitive to the feed ratio of the monomers. This result indicates that the addition of the arsenic radical to phenylacetylene was a rate-determining step in the copolymerization.
Thrombospondin secretion by cultured human glomerular mesangial cells. (1987)

Thrombospondin is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein constituent of extracellular matrices of several cells in culture. Immunoreactive thrombospondin is also present within the normal human renal mesangium. To determine whether this thrombospondin could be a synthetic product of the intrinsic glomerular mesangial cells, we examined cultured human glomerular mesangial cells for the ability to synthesize and secrete thrombospondin. Well-characterized human mesangial cells were found to synthesize and secrete thrombospondin, as determined by specific immunostaining at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. Furthermore, metabolically labeled thrombospondin was immunoprecipitated from the conditioned medium of cultured cells. These studies suggest that the thrombospondin present within the normal mesangium is of intrinsic glomerular cell origin. Mesangial thrombospondin may be an important mediator of cellular function, particularly in disease states characterized by intrinsic glomerular cell proliferation.
Excellent Stability of a Lithium‐Ion‐Conducting Solid Electrolyte upon Reversible Li<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Exchange in Aqueous Solutions (2014)

Batteries with an aqueous catholyte and a Li metal anode have attracted interest owing to their exceptional energy density and high charge/discharge rate. The long-term operation of such batteries requires that the solid electrolyte separator between the anode and aqueous solutions must be compatible with Li and stable over a wide pH range. Unfortunately, no such compound has yet been reported. In this study, an excellent stability in neutral and strongly basic solutions was observed when using the cubic Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 garnet as a Li-stable solid electrolyte. The material underwent a Li(+) /H(+) exchange in aqueous solutions. Nevertheless, its structure remained unchanged even under a high exchange rate of 63.6 %. When treated with a 2 M LiOH solution, the Li(+) /H(+) exchange was reversed without any structural change. These observations suggest that cubic Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 is a promising candidate for the separator in aqueous lithium batteries.
Extramammary Paget's disease found by abnormal vulvar brush sampling. (2002)

Doctors are usually reluctant to perform a vulvar biopsy on a patient with non-specific chronic vulvitis--especially because of the rarity of vulvar malignancy in young women--until the lesion is suspected of being malignant. Therefore, most cases of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) were originally misdiagnosed as chronic and recurrent vulvar lesions. Late diagnosis of invasive lesions occurring in elderly females have resulted in cases of death.A 37-year-old patient showed an extended lesion on the vulva and perineum. In addition, abnormal cells were found from a vulvar scrape smear, and a following punch biopsy was used to diagnose and determine the extension of the disease.Diagnosis and demarcation of EMPD remain difficult due to the multifocal lesions and subtle nature of the disease. Brush sampling taken from suspicious areas can be a guide for multiple biopsies to demarcate the lesion before major surgery. A brush biopsy is presented as a first-step method to detect vulvar malignancy.
Pricing-based game for spectrum allocation in multi-relay cooperative transmission networks (2011)

A pricing-based non-cooperative game is proposed to stimulate cooperation and perform spectrum allocation in multi-relay cooperative transmission networks. The authors construct a buyers' market competition model to consider that multiple relays are willing to share their spectrum resources with a single user. Both the benefits of the relays and the user are concerned in the game. First, according to the current user's demand, the relays as sellers compete with each other to determine the price of relaying that can maximise their profits. Then to maximise its utility, the user purchases the optimal amount of spectrum resources from each relay. The existence of the Nash equilibrium (NE), that is, the solution of the game, is proved. Even though the NE can be obtained in a centralised manner, a distributed algorithm to search for the NE is developed, which is more applicable in practical systems. Also, the convergence conditions of the algorithm are also analysed. Furthermore, the authors have also proved that the NE is not efficient when considering the total relays' profits. Thus, a general method to find the global optimal solution that maximises the total relays' profits is given. Simulation results show, by using the game, that a reasonable spectrum allocation can be performed between the relays and the user.
Bytecode-to-C ahead-of-time compilation for Android Dalvik virtual machine (2015)

Android employs Java for programming its apps which is executed by its own virtual machine called the Dalvik VM (DVM). One problem of the DVM is its performance. Its just-in-time compiler (JITC) cannot generate high-performance code due to its trace-based compilation with short traces and modest optimizations, compared to JVM's method-based compilation with ample optimziations. This paper proposes a bytecode-to-C ahead-of-time compilation (AOTC) for the DVM to accelerate pre-installed apps. We translated the bytecode of some of the hot methods used by these apps to C code, which is then compiled together with the DVM source code. AOTC-generated code works with the existing Android zygote mechanism, with corrects garbage collection and exception handling. Due to off-line, method-based compilation using existing compiler with full optimizations and Java-specific optimizations, AOTC can generate quality code while obviating runtime compilation overhead. For benchmarks, AOTC can improve the performance by 10% to 500%. When we compare this result with the recently-introduced ART, which also performs ahead-of-time compilation, our AOTC performs better.
Hippocampal-dependent learning requires a functional circadian system (2008)

Decades of studies have shown that eliminating circadian rhythms of mammals does not compromise their health or longevity in the laboratory in any obvious way. These observations have raised questions about the functional significance of the mammalian circadian system, but have been difficult to address for lack of an appropriate animal model. Surgical ablation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and clock gene knockouts eliminate rhythms, but also damage adjacent brain regions or cause developmental effects that may impair cognitive or other physiological functions. We developed a method that avoids these problems and eliminates rhythms by noninvasive means in Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus ). The present study evaluated cognitive function in arrhythmic animals by using a hippocampal-dependent learning task. Control hamsters exhibited normal circadian modulation of performance in a delayed novel-object recognition task. By contrast, arrhythmic animals could not discriminate a novel object from a familiar one only 20 or 60 min after training. Memory performance was not related to prior sleep history as sleep manipulations had no effect on performance. The GABA antagonist pentylenetetrazol restored learning without restoring circadian rhythms. We conclude that the circadian system is involved in memory function in a manner that is independent of sleep. Circadian influence on learning may be exerted via cyclic GABA output from the SCN to target sites involved in learning. Arrhythmic hamsters may have failed to perform this task because of chronic inhibitory signaling from the SCN that interfered with the plastic mechanisms that encode learning in the hippocampus.
Enhancing digital cephalic radiography with mixture models and local gamma correction (2005)

We present a new algorithm, called the soft-tissue filter, that can make both soft and bone tissue clearly visible in digital cephalic radiographies under a wide range of exposures. It uses a mixture model made up of two Gaussian distributions and one inverted lognormal distribution to analyze the image histogram. The image is clustered in three parts: background, soft tissue, and bone using this model. Improvement in the visibility of both structures is achieved through a local transformation based on gamma correction, stretching, and saturation, which is applied using different parameters for bone and soft-tissue pixels. A processing time of 1 s for 5 Mpixel images allows the filter to operate in real time. Although the default value of the filter parameters is adequate for most images, real-time operation allows adjustment to recover under- and overexposed images or to obtain the best quality subjectively. The filter was extensively clinically tested: quantitative and qualitative results are reported here.
Vacuum fusion bonding of glass plates (2023)

An improved apparatus and method for vacuum fusion bonding of large, patterned glass plates. One or both glass plates are patterned with etched features such as microstructure capillaries and a vacuum pumpout moat, with one plate having at least one hole therethrough for communication with a vacuum pumpout fixture. High accuracy alignment of the plates is accomplished by a temporary clamping fixture until the start of the fusion bonding heat cycle. A complete, void-free fusion bond of seamless, full-strength quality is obtained through the plates; because the glass is heated well into its softening point and because of a large, distributed force that is developed that presses the two plates together from the difference in pressure between the furnace ambient (high pressure) and the channeling and microstructures in the plates (low pressure) due to the vacuum drawn. The apparatus and method may be used to fabricate microcapillary arrays for chemical electrophoresis; for example, any apparatus using a network of microfluidic channels embedded between plates of glass or similar moderate melting point substrates with a gradual softening point curve, or for assembly of glass-based substrates onto larger substrates, such as in flat panel display systems.
Synthesis of C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>-Substituted Aminoethanols via Acetate Ion Mediated C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>-Group Transfer Reaction (2006)

A new approach for the synthesis of N-(pentafluorophen­ylmethyl)aminoethanols is developed. The method includes alkyl­ation of imines with 2-tris(pentafluorophenyl)silyloxyethyl triflate, prepared from ethylene oxide and (C6F5)3SiOTf, to give 2-silyloxyethyliminium ions. Their treatment with sodium acetate induces C-C bond formation proceeding as transfer of the C6F5 group from the five-coordinate silicate intermediate to the iminium center.