gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting and tolerating asymmetric races (2009)

This paper introduces ToleRace, a runtime system that allows programs to detect and even tolerate asymmetric data races. Asymmetric races are race conditions where one thread correctly acquires and releases a lock for a shared variable while another thread improperly accesses the same variable. ToleRace provides approximate isolation in the critical sections of lock-based parallel programs by creating a local copy of each shared variable when entering a critical section, operating on the local copies, and propagating the appropriate copies upon leaving the critical section. We start by characterizing all possible interleavings that can cause races and precisely describe the effect of ToleRace in each case. Then, we study the theoretical aspects of an oracle that knows exactly what type of interleaving has occurred. Finally, we present two software implementations of ToleRace and evaluate them on multithreaded applications from the SPLASH2 and PARSEC suites. Our implementation on top of a dynamic instrumentation tool, which works directly on executables and requires no source code modifications, incurs an overhead of a factor of two on average. Manually adding ToleRace to the source code of these applications results in an average overhead of 6.4 percent.
Electrodeposition of In‐Se, Cu‐Se, and Cu‐In‐Se Thin Films (1996)

Indium‐selenium, copper‐selenium, and copper‐indium‐selenium thin films have been prepared by electrodeposition techniques on molybdenum substrates. Electrodeposited precursors are prepared at varying potentials, pH, and deposition times. The adhesion and uniformity of indium selenide on molybdenum substrates are improved by electrodepositing an initial copper layer (500 Å) on molybdenum. The films (In‐Se, Cu‐Se, and Cu‐In‐Se) are annealed at 250 and 450°C in Ar for 15 min and are slow‐cooled (3°C/min). The films are characterized by electron microprobe analysis, inductive‐coupled plasma spectrometry, x‐ray diffraction analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The as‐deposited precursor films are loaded in a physical evaporation chamber and additional In or Cu and Se are added to the film to adjust the final composition to . The device fabricated using electrodeposited Cu‐In‐Se precursor layers resulted in a solar cell efficiency of 9.4%.
Vertebral Growth Modulation by Electrical Current in an Animal Model: Potential Treatment for Scoliosis (2010)

A potential new method for modulating spinal growth was developed, and, with further research, this method may be useful in treating children with scoliosis by delivering a growth-inhibiting current to the physeal areas of vertebra through electrodes placed percutaneously.
Differential Regulation of HIV-1 Fusion Cofactor Expression by CD28 Costimulation of CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells (1997)

Activation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1)-infected donors with immobilized antibodies to CD3 and CD28 induces a virus-resistant state. This effect is specific for macrophage-tropic HIV-1. Transcripts encoding CXCR4/Fusin, the fusion cofactor used by T cell line-tropic isolates, were abundant in CD3/CD28-stimulated cells, but transcripts encoding CCR5, the fusion cofactor used by macrophage-tropic viruses, were not detectable. Thus, CD3/CD28 costimulation induces an HIV-1-resistant phenotype similar to that seen in some highly exposed and HIV-uninfected individuals.
Nonenhanced arterial spin labeled carotid MR angiography using three‐dimensional radial balanced steady‐state free precession imaging (2014)

Nonenhanced MRA using hybridized ASL with a 3D radial bSSFP trajectory can display long lengths of the carotid arteries with 1 mm(3) isotropic resolution.
Sequential Benzylic Oxidation of Naloxone 3-Methyl Ether (2000)

Abstract Naloxone 3-methyl ether was selectively oxidized by treatment with cerium ammonium nitrate in aqueous acetonitrile at ambient temperature to provide the 10-(S)-hydroxy adduct. The stereochemistry of the oxidation product was proven by single crystal X-ray structure determination. The Dess-Martin periodinane further oxidized the 10-hydroxy to the 10-keto analog. Deprotection formed 10-ketonaloxone as an analytical reference standard.
High mechanical strength fiber Bragg gratings made with infrared femtosecond pulses and a phase mask (2014)

We report that by using 800 nm femtosecond pulses and the phase-mask technique, first-order fiber Bragg gratings with refractive index modulation in excess of 1×10(-3) can be written through both the acrylate and polyimide coatings of unloaded standard silica fibers without noticeable degradation of mechanical strength. We also demonstrate that the same experimental conditions can be applied for efficient FBG writing through the polyimide coating of pure silica core fibers, opening significant opportunities in the field of fiber sensors.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of a Well‐Defined Rhodium Siloxide Complex Immobilized on Silica (2007)

Rhodium siloxide surface complex 2, which was obtained directly by reaction of molecular precursor 1 with aerosil silica and characterized inter alia by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, is a highly active and stable catalyst for hydrosilylation reactions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704362_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Differentiation Potential of Multipotent Progenitor Cells Derived from War-Traumatized Muscle Tissue (2008)

To our knowledge, the present report provides the first description of mesenchymal progenitor cell isolation from traumatized human muscle. These cells may play an integral role in tissue repair and regeneration and merit additional investigation as they could be useful in future cell-based tissue-engineering strategies.
A photonic variable RF delay line for phased array antennas (1990)

It is shown that by applying spatial frequency-dependent phase compensation in an optical heterodyne process a variable RF delay line can be synthesized over a prescribed frequency band. Experimental results which demonstrate the performance of the delay line with regard to both maximum delay and resolution over a broad bandwidth are presented. A spatially integrated optical system is proposed for control of phased array antennas. The integrated system provides mechanical stability essentially eliminates the drift problems associated with freespace optical systems, and can provide high-packing density. The approach uses a class of spatial light modulator known as a deformable mirror device and leads to a steerable arbitrary antenna radiation pattern of the true time-delay type.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amplified stimulated emission of sub-wavelength gratings integrated VCSEL (2006)

We demonstrate the monolithic integration of a VCSEL half-cavity and a single-layer sub-wavelength grating as its top mirror. Polarization-selective amplified stimulated emission with selection ratio of 20 dB was obtained.
A Foundation for Grading the Overall Cut Quality of Round Brilliant Cut Diamonds (2004)

The GIA diamond cut grading system described here includes the components of brightness, fire, scintillation, polish, and symmetry, as well as weight and durability concerns, into a single overall grade for cut quality for standard round brilliants.
Identification of hemolysin BL-producing Bacillus cereus isolates by a discontinuous hemolytic pattern in blood agar (1994)

Bacillus cereus causes distinct exotoxin-mediated diarrheal and emetic food poisoning syndromes and a variety of nongastrointestinal infections. Evidence is accumulating that hemolysin BL is a major B. cereus virulence factor. We describe two methods for detection of hemolysin BL in crude samples and on primary culture media. In the first method, the highly unusual discontinuous hemolysis pattern that is characteristic of pure hemolysin BL was produced in sheep and calf blood agar around wells filled with crude culture supernatant from hemolysin BL-producing strains. In the second method, the pattern was formed surrounding colonies of hemolysin BL-producing strains grown on media consisting of nutrient agar, 0.15 M NaCl, 2% calf serum, and sheep or calf blood. Hemolysin BL production was detected with these methods in 41 of 62 (66%) previously identified B. cereus isolates and in 46 of 136 (34%) presumptive B. cereus isolates from soil. All nine isolates tested that were associated with diarrhea or nongastrointestinal illness were positive for hemolysin BL. The methods presented here are specific, simple, inexpensive, and applicable to the screening of large numbers of samples or isolates.
Spike-Based Readout of POSFET Tactile Sensors (2016)

We present a low-power compact circuit for the event-driven readout of tactile sensors. The taxel is based on the POSFET device, a sensotronic unit where a piezo-electric material is deposited on the gate of a transistor, integrated with a Leaky-Integrate and Fire neuron circuit. This device encodes the applied force with trains of digital pulses, using the asynchronous Address Event Representation protocol. The instantaneous output spiking frequency is directly proportional to the force applied to the taxel. We show a full characterization of the device as well as quantitative measurements from a prototype fabricated on AMS CMOS 350-nm process. The taxel can reliably distinguish applied forces from 0.1 N up to 1.5 N.
Effect of Pore Size on Threshold and Impedance of Pacemaker Electrodes (1983)

SummaryThe effect of pore size on threshold and pacing impedance of two sintered porous platinum electrodes was evaluated using non porous electrodes as controls.Seventeen 8 mm2 non-porous (NP), 17, 8 mm2 large porous (LP) (200 micron diameter spheres) and 16, 8 mm2 small porous (SP) (80 micron diameter spheres) were implanted, together with an Impedance and Threshold Measuring Pulse Generator in 32 male and 18 female patients with a mean age of 72 years. There was an attrition rate of 12% due to pacemaker unrelated death. No patients were treated with cardioactive drugs during the study.The results indicate that there is no significant difference among the 3 electrode types over a 6 month period for threshold and pacing impedance. This study has shown that the porosity of pacemaker electrodes does not influence the acute or chronic values of threshold or pacing impedance.
Discovery of the ergothioneine transporter (2005)

Variants of the SLC22A4 gene are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. SLC22A4 codes for an integral membrane protein, OCTN1, that has been presumed to carry organic cations like tetraethylammonium across the plasma membrane. Here, we show that the key substrate of this transporter is in fact ergothioneine (ET). Human OCTN1 was expressed in 293 cells. A substrate lead, stachydrine (alias proline betaine), was identified by liquid chromatography MS difference shading, a new substrate search strategy. Analysis of transport efficiency of stachydrine-related solutes, affinity, and Na+ dependence indicates that the physiological substrate is ET. Efficiency of transport of ET was as high as 195 microl per min per mg of protein. By contrast, the carnitine transporter OCTN2 from rat did not transport ET at all. Because ET is transported >100 times more efficiently than tetraethylammonium and carnitine, we propose the functional name ETT (ET transporter) instead of OCTN1. ET, all of which is absorbed from food, is an intracellular antioxidant with metal ion affinity. Its particular purpose is unresolved. Cells with expression of ETT accumulate ET to high levels and avidly retain it. By contrast, cells lacking ETT do not accumulate ET, because their plasma membrane is virtually impermeable for this compound. The real-time PCR expression profile of human ETT, with strong expression in CD71+ cells, is consistent with a pivotal function of ET in erythrocytes. Moreover, prominent expression of ETT in monocytes and SLC22A4 polymorphism associations suggest a protective role of ET in chronic inflammatory disorders.
Transducerless position and velocity estimation in induction and salient AC machines (1995)

This paper presents a viable transducerless rotor position and velocity estimation scheme for PWM inverter driven induction, synchronous, and reluctance machines with the capability of providing robust and accurate dynamic estimation independent of operating point, including zero and very high speeds, light and heavy loading. The injection of a balanced three-phase high frequency signal (500 to 2 kHz) generated by the inverter, followed by appropriate signal demodulation and processing combined with a closed-loop observer, enable the tracking of rotor magnetic saliencies from the machine terminals. Although rotor magnetic saliency is inherent within reluctance machines, and most synchronous machines, saliency in the induction machine is introduced via a modulation of the rotor slot leakage with minimal detrimental effects on the machine performance. Experimental verification for the induction machine is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient motion vector coding scheme based on minimum bitrate prediction (1999)

Motion vector coding efficiency is becoming an important issue in low bitrate video coding because of its increasing relative bit portion. This work presents a new motion vector coding technique based on minimum bitrate prediction. In the proposed scheme, a predicted motion vector is chosen from the three causal neighboring motion vectors so that it can produce a minimum bitrate in motion vector difference coding. Then the prediction error, or motion vector difference (MVD), and the mode information (MODE) for determining the predicted motion vector at a decoder are coded and transmitted in order. Sending bits for the MVD ahead of bits for the MODE, the scheme can minimize the bit amount for the MODE by taking advantage of the fact that the minimum bitrate predictor is used for motion vector prediction. Adaptively combining this minimum bitrate prediction scheme with the conventional model-based prediction scheme, more efficient motion vector coding can be achieved. The proposed scheme improves the coding efficiency noticeably for various video sequences.
Peripherally-substituted polydimethylsiloxane phthalocyanines: a novel class of liquid materials (2001)

Isotropic liquid phthalocyanine compounds with peripheral polydimethylsiloxane oligomer substitution were synthesized and found to have a unique combination of thermorefractive and nonlinear optical properties along with unusual metal substitution reactivity and aggregation behavior.
Robust and efficient Cartesian mesh generation for component-based geometry (1997)

This work documents a new method for rapid and robust Cartesian mesh generation for component-based geometry. The new algorithm adopts a novel strategy that first intersects the components to extract the wetted surface before proceeding with volume mesh generation in a second phase. The intersection scheme is based on a robust geometry engine that uses adaptive precision arithmetic and automatically and consistently handles geometric degenerades with an algorithmic tie-breaking routine. The intersection procedure has worst-case computational complexity of O(N log N) and is demonstrated on test cases with up to 121 overlapping and intersecting components, including a variety of geometric degeneracies. The volume mesh generation takes the intersected surface triangulation as input and generates the mesh through cell division of an initially uniform coarse grid. In refining hexagonal cells to resolve the geometry, the new approach preserves the ability to directionally divide cells that are well aligned with local geometry. The mesh generation scheme has linear asymptotic complexity with memory requirements that total approximately 14-17 words/cell. The mesh generation speed is approximately 10 6 cells/minute on a typical engineering workstation
22.2: Photoaligned Transmissive Bistable TN‐LCD (2004)

Abstract Transmissive bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display has been fabricated using photoalignment. This display can be switched by breaking of the anchoring on one of the substrates. The application of a new photo‐alignable polymer SDA‐1 was able to achieve the weak polar anchoring condition necessary for switching.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline 316-Stainless Steel Coatings by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying (1998)

Abstract The present paper describes the synthesis of nanocrystalline 316-stainless steel coatings by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. The feedstock powders were synthesized by mechanical milling to produce flake-shaped agglomerates with an average grain size of less than 100 nm. The powders were introduced into the HVOF spray to successfully produce nanocrystalline coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the average grain size of the milled powders. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology of the nanometric particles and the microstructure of the as-sprayed coatings. The properties of various coating materials were characterized by microhardness measurements performed on the polished surface of the cross section.
Total synthesis of (±)-flavipucine (1976)

The total synthesis of (±)-flavipucine and its diastereoisomer (±)-isoflavipucine is reported.
Identification of Immunodominant Sites on the Spike Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus: Implication for Developing SARS Diagnostics and Vaccines (2004)

The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is not only responsible for receptor binding and virus fusion, but also a major Ag among the SARS-CoV proteins that induces protective Ab responses. In this study, we showed that the S protein of SARS-CoV is highly immunogenic during infection and immunizations, and contains five linear immunodominant sites (sites I to V) as determined by Pepscan analysis with a set of synthetic peptides overlapping the entire S protein sequence against the convalescent sera from SARS patients and antisera from small animals immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV. Site IV located in the middle region of the S protein (residues 528-635) is a major immunodominant epitope. The synthetic peptide S(603-634), which overlaps the site IV sequence reacted with all the convalescent sera from 42 SARS patient, but none of the 30 serum samples from healthy blood donors, suggesting its potential application as an Ag for developing SARS diagnostics. This study also provides information useful for designing SARS vaccines and understanding the SARS pathogenesis.
Characterization of two outer membrane protein antigens of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> that are protective in a murine lesion model (2003)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen that has been implicated in the aetiology of chronic adult periodontitis. The aim of this study was to characterize two potential vaccine candidates (PG32 and PG33) identified from a previous genomic sequence analysis. Gene knockout studies suggested that these proteins play an important role in bacterial growth and are transcriptionally linked. Analysis of 14 laboratory and clinical isolates of P. gingivalis found that in all strains, both genes were present with a high level of conservation and that the two proteins were also expressed in vitro. Truncated recombinant PG32 and PG33 proteins were produced in Escherichia coli in an attempt to increase the solubility of the proteins while retaining their native conformation. While most of the truncated proteins remained insoluble, two truncated proteins showed good solubility and high levels of protection in the P. gingivalis murine lesion model and may be considered as potential vaccine candidates for further testing in models of human periodontal disease.
Zinc and magnesium complexes supported by bulky multidentate amino-ether phenolate ligands: potent pre-catalysts for the immortalring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters (2010)

A family of heteroleptic complexes of zinc and magnesium supported by bulky multidentate amino-ether phenolate ligands has been developed; in combination with external chain transfer agents, they constitute efficient binary catalytic systems for the immortal ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters.
Persistent applications using generalized redo recovery (2002)

We describe how to recover applications after system crashes using database recovery. Earlier efforts, based on frequent application checkpoints and/or logging values read, are very expensive. We treat application state as a cached object and log application execution as operations in the recovery framework of D. Lomet and M. Tuttle (1995). Logging application execution does not require logging the application state. Further logged application reads are mostly logical operations in which only the data source identity is logged. We describe a cache manager that handles the flush order dependencies introduced by these log operations and a recovery process that restores application state by replaying the application.
A facile approach using MgCl2 to formulate high performance Mg2+ electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries (2013)

Rechargeable Mg batteries have been regarded as a viable battery technology for grid scale energy storage and transportation applications. However, the limited performance of Mg2+ electrolytes has been a primary technical hurdle to develop high energy density rechargeable Mg batteries. In this study, MgCl2 is demonstrated as a non-nucleophilic and cheap Mg2+ source in combination with Al Lewis acids (AlCl3, AlPh3 and AlEtCl2) to formulate a series of Mg2+ electrolytes, representing the simplest method to prepare Mg2+ conductive electrolytes (no precursor synthesis, free of recrystallization and giving quantitative yield). These electrolytes are characterized by high oxidation stability (up to 3.4 V vs. Mg), improved electrophile compatibility and electrochemical reversibility (up to 100% coulombic efficiency). Three electrolyte systems (MgCl2–AlCl3, MgCl2–AlPh3, and MgCl2–AlEtCl2) were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 27Al{1H} and 25Mg{1H}) spectroscopies and electrochemical analysis. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR studies consistently established molecular structures of the three electrolytes sharing a common Mg2+-dimer mono-cation, [(μ-Cl)3Mg2(THF)6]+, along with an anion (AlCl4−, AlPh3Cl− and AlEtCl3− respectively). Clean and dendrite free Mg bulk plating and viable battery performance were validated through representative studies using the MgCl2–AlEtCl2 electrolyte. The reaction mechanism of MgCl2 and the Al Lewis acids in THF is discussed to highlight the formation of the electrochemically active [(μ-Cl)3Mg2(THF)6]+ dimer mono-cation in these electrolytes and their improved performance compared to reported electrolytes using nucleophilic Mg2+ sources.
4D Digital Subtraction Angiography: Implementation and Demonstration of Feasibility (2013)

It is feasible to generate time-resolved 3D-DSA vascular volumes with the use of commercially available flat detector angiographic systems and clinically practical injection protocols. The spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the time frames are largely determined by that of the conventional 3D-DSA constraining image and not by that of the projections used to generate the 3D reconstruction. The spatial resolution and temporal resolution exceed that of CTA and MRA, and the small vessel contrast is increased relative to that of conventional 2D-DSA due to the use of maximum intensity projections.