gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Timing verification and delay test generation for hierarchical designs (2002)

This paper develops an effective solution for timing verification and delay test generation at the full chip level by exploiting the hierarchy in large designs. Currently, timing verification can only be done at the module level. We consider the timing verification problem when a module is instantiated in a larger design, where the module-level critical paths might no longer hold. In order to check whether a module-level critical path is true at the chip level, we use a fault injection circuit where detecting a stuck-at fault in this circuit will result in a pair of vectors which sensitize the critical path in the module. Unfortunately, existing sequential automatic test pattern generators (ATPG) cannot deal with complete chip designs in generating tests using the above approach. Therefore, we use a hierarchical test generation approach which abstracts the rest of the large chip into just the logic behavior relevant to the embedded module. This resulting reduction in complexity allows us to identify chip-level critical paths in large designs and to find delay tests for sensitizing these true critical paths. Experimental results confirm that the proposed technique is able to validate all the module-level critical paths in processor designs and show that most of the module-level critical paths are false at the chip level, while commercial ATPG at the full-chip level aborts in all the cases.
Improving Efficiency of Evaporated Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>Thin Film Solar Cells by a Thin Ag Intermediate Layer between Absorber and Back Contact (2015)

A 20 nm Ag coating on Mo back contact was adopted to improve the back contact of evaporated Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) solar cells. The Ag layer helped reduce the thickness of MoS 2 which improves fill factor (FF) significantly; additionally, it reduced secondary phases ZnS and SnS 2− x , which may help carrier transport; it was also involved in the doping of the absorber layer, which compensated the intrinsic p-type doping and therefore drags down the doping level. The doping involvement may enlarge the depletion region and improve lifetime of the absorber, which led to enhancing open circuit voltage (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>), short circuit current density (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>J</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>S</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>), and efficiency significantly. However, it degrades the crystallinity of the material slightly.
The lectin-like domain of tumor necrosis factor improves lung function after rat lung transplantation—Potential role for a reduction in reactive oxygen species generation* (2010)

These data demonstrate that the TIP peptide significantly improves lung function after lung transplantation in the rat, in part, by reducing neutrophil content and reactive oxygen species generation. These studies suggest that the TIP peptide is a potential therapeutic agent against the ischemia reperfusion injury associated with lung transplantation.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Oxidative C—N/C—O and C—N/C—N Bond Formation Tandems Initiated by Visible Light: Synthesis of Fused N‐Arylindolines. (2015)

Abstract C‐2 and C‐3 fused indolines with a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter are obtained with diastereoselectivities higher than 99:1 from both oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles.
Continuous flow cold vapor atomic absorption determination of mercury (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous flow cold vapor atomic absorption determination of mercuryC. E. Oda and J. D. IngleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 13, 2030–2033Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00236a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00236a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
5.5 GHz multiple quantum wellreflection modulator (1989)

We report the fabrication and operation of a high-speed reflection modulator using the quantum-confined Stark effect in GaAs quantum wells grown over a dielectric mirror. The modulator has a 5.5 GHz 3 dB response.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has distinct adaptive responses to both hydrogen peroxide and menadione (1992)

Treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with low concentrations of either hydrogen peroxide or menadione (a superoxide-generating agent) induces adaptive responses which protect cells from the lethal effects of subsequent challenge with higher concentrations of these oxidants. Pretreatment with menadione is protective against cell killing by hydrogen peroxide; however, pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide is unable to protect cells from subsequent challenge with menadione. This suggests that the adaptive responses to these two different oxidants may be distinct.
A new approach to JBIG2 binary image compression (2007)

The JBIG2 binary image encoder dramatically improves compression ratios over previous encoders. The effectiveness
of JBIG2 is largely due to its use of pattern matching techniques and symbol dictionaries for the
representation of text. While dictionary design is critical to achieving high compression ratios, little research
has been done in the optimization of dictionaries across stripes and pages.
In this paper we propose a novel dynamic dictionary design that substantially improves JBIG2 compression
ratios, particularly for multi-page documents. This dynamic dictionary updating scheme uses caching algorithms
to more effciently manage the symbol dictionary memory. Results show that the new dynamic symbol caching
technique outperforms the best previous dictionary construction schemes by between 13% and 46% for lossy
compression when encoding multi-page documents. In addition, we propose a fast and low-complexity pattern
matching algorithm that is robust to substitution errors and achieves high compression ratios.
Hac1: A novel yeast bZIP protein binding to the CRE motif is a multicopy suppressor for cdcW mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1994)

We cloned by phenotypic complementation a novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae's multicopy suppressor of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc10-129 mutant which we call HAC1, an acronym of 'homologous to ATF/CREB 1'. It encodes a bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) protein of 230 amino acids with close homology to the mammalian ATF/CREB transcription factor and gel-retardation assays showed that it binds specifically to the CRE motif. HAC1 is not essential for viability. However, the hac1 disruptant becomes caffeine sensitive, which is suppressed by multicopy expression of the yeast PDE2 (Phosphodiesterase 2) gene. Although the mRNA level of HAC1 is almost constitutive throughout the cell cycle, it fluctuates during meiosis. The upstream region of the HAC1 gene contains a T4C site, a URS (upstream repression sequence) and a TR (T-rich) box-like sequence, which reside upstream of many meiotic genes. These results suggest that HAC1 may also be one of the meiotic genes.
Phylogenomics of nonavian reptiles and the structure of the ancestral amniote genome (2007)

We report results of a megabase-scale phylogenomic analysis of the Reptilia, the sister group of mammals. Large-scale end-sequence scanning of genomic clones of a turtle, alligator, and lizard reveals diverse, mammal-like landscapes of retroelements and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) not found in the chicken. Several global genomic traits, including distinctive phylogenetic lineages of CR1-like long interspersed elements (LINEs) and a paucity of A-T rich SSRs, characterize turtles and archosaur genomes, whereas higher frequencies of tandem repeats and a lower global GC content reveal mammal-like features in Anolis. Nonavian reptile genomes also possess a high frequency of diverse and novel 50-bp unit tandem duplications not found in chicken or mammals. The frequency distributions of approximately 65,000 8-mer oligonucleotides suggest that rates of DNA-word frequency change are an order of magnitude slower in reptiles than in mammals. These results suggest a diverse array of interspersed and SSRs in the common ancestor of amniotes and a genomic conservatism and gradual loss of retroelements in reptiles that culminated in the minimalist chicken genome. The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. CZ 250707-CZ 257443 and DX 390731-DX 389174).
P‐112: Previous computer knowledge effect on older adults' computerized cognitive test performance (2007)

Because gerontological neuropsychological assessment is often a time-consuming procedure that requires many hours of interviewing, testing, scoring, and reporting, methods to simplify and still accurately detect cognitive performance in the elderly are needed. In recent years, there have been considerable interests in the application of computerized neuropsychological tests to detect cognitive impairment and decline in older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate older adults' cognitive performance using a computerized neuropsychological battery system. In addition, we evaluated if the participants' previous knowledge of computer use had an effect on test performance. The Central Nervous System (CNS) Vital Signs™ computerized battery was used to evaluate cognitive function on a diverse sample of older adults from Denver (N=76) and Texas (N= 67). All participants completed tests of verbal memory, stroop, shifting attention, and continuous performance test. Both Denver and Texas groups were statistically significantly different in education levels (t=2.75, DF=141, p <.007), age (t=5.36, DF=141, p<.000), and on the summary score of the computerized cognitive battery (t=-4.29, DF=132, p<.000). However, previous knowledge about computer use was not significantly associated with the ability to perform computerized cognitive tests (r=-.134, p<.123). These results suggest that although the Denver and Texas groups were significantly different in age, education, and cognitive testing outcomes, previous knowledge on computer use showed no association with a better computerized cognitive test score on both groups.
Impact of disease on feedlot performance: a review. (1998)

Morbidity and mortality of feedlot cattle have a variety of causes. Compared to respiratory disease, metabolic and digestive disorders generally are less prevalent and occur later in the feeding period. In addition to the obvious costs related to animal death and medication, subsequent performance of sick cattle often is depressed substantially. Closer coordination between veterinarians, nutritionists, and feedlot managers should help reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality of feedlot cattle.
Imaging system for creating 3D block-face cryo-images of whole mice (2006)

We developed a cryomicrotome/imaging system that provides high resolution, high sensitivity block-face images of whole mice or excised organs, and applied it to a variety of biological applications. With this cryo-imaging system, we sectioned cryo-preserved tissues at 2-40 μm thickness and acquired high resolution brightfield and fluorescence images with microscopic in-plane resolution (as good as 1.2 μm). Brightfield images of normal and pathological anatomy show exquisite detail, especially in the abdominal cavity. Multi-planar reformatting and 3D renderings allow one to interrogate 3D structures. In this report, we present brightfield images of mouse anatomy, as well as 3D renderings of organs. For BPK mice model of polycystic kidney disease, we compared brightfield cryo-images and kidney volumes to MRI. The color images provided greater contrast and resolution of cysts as compared to in vivo MRI. We note that color cryo-images are closer to what a researcher sees in dissection, making it easier for them to interpret image data. The combination of field of view, depth of field, ultra high resolution and color/fluorescence contrast enables cryo-image volumes to provide details that cannot be found through in vivo imaging or other ex vivo optical imaging approaches. We believe that this novel imaging system will have applications that include identification of mouse phenotypes, characterization of diseases like blood vessel disease, kidney disease, and cancer, assessment of drug and gene therapy delivery and efficacy and validation of other imaging modalities.
Isotope Enrichment by Aerodynamic Means: A Review and Some Theoretical Considerations (1977)

Aerodynamic separation processes are characterized as those involving diffusion of disparate masses driven either by a pressure gradient or by inertia effects. Seven aerodynamic schemes are identified for the separation of isotopes and their salient features discussed briefly. Numerical methods are developed for analyzing the flowfields associated with those devices. The methods consist of a finite-difference solution of the ternary gas mixture equations and two Monte Carlo numerical simulation techniques. A test case is employed to compare the three techniques. The tracer-field Monte Carlo method is then used to evaluate the separation characteristics of two of the seven aerodynamic devices. 12 figures, 4 tables.
Bionic Running for Unilateral Transtibial Military Amputees (2010)

Abstract : A team from the United States Military Academy and Walter Reed Medical Center, in collaboration with private industry partner, SpringActive, Inc., have designed, built, and demonstrated a first of its kind motor powered, single board computer controlled, running prosthesis for military transtibial amputees. This paper presents the design and initial results of the new prototype, which includes successful testing with one unilateral transtibial Military amputee running at 3.6 m/s (8 mph) on a treadmill. The 2011 prototype described in this paper is intended to support a unilateral transtibial Military amputee on an Army Physical Fitness Test which includes a 2 mile timed run on a level ground.
A critical review on application of secure multi party computation protocols in cloud environment (2018)

Security is the essential entity of the digital computations in the internet world. Many internet and mobile applications require private data inputs from different clients for data analysis. Now a days many of the Mobile Apps collect the sensitive user data for analysis may be without knowledge of users. Secure Multi Party computation enables distributed users to share their private inputs to a third party which computes a common function over these inputs and the collaborative outcome shared to the user. It is very essential in many engineering, medical and financial sectors where privacy of the sensitive data provided by the user. Many medical researchers require sensitive patient’s data for typical diagnosis. This paper detailed the origin for SMC which is secret sharing. It discussed the evolution of two party computation to secure multiparty computation. Several protocols and their pros and limitations are described. Cloud computing changed the way SMC was interpreted by earlier works. Cloud provides all the computations as a service basis is used to drastically reducing the communications overhead of the SMC. Our contribution is focused on evolution from conventional SMC with towards Secure Multiple Computation in collaboration with the cloud. The works focuses on the research issues to be addressed because of the untrustworthy nature of the cloud. A comparative analysis of different approach of SMC is presented. The comparative study details the open issues like transparency, public data auditability in SMC with cloud architecture.
Dimensioning of secondary cellular system in TVWS (2012)

The attractiveness of TV white space depends on the cost of secondary network. The cost mainly depends on the number of deployed cell sites. Traditionally, the required number of sites is estimated at the dimensioning stage of the network planning process. However, in TVWS the amount of available sp
Effects of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids and ethylene‐vinyl acetate co‐polymer on crystallization behavior of biodiesel (2010)

Abstract Biodiesel fuels (BDF) have many problems in the cold due to their crystallization properties. In particular, precipitation of large crystals of high‐melting fractions in BDF at low temperatures remarkably changes cold flow property of BDF and, thereby, it increases the values of cold filter plugging point. In this study, we evaluated polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGE) and ethylene‐vinyl acetate co‐polymer (EVA) as chemical additives to improve the cold flow property of palm oil‐based FAME (PFME). The results of solid fat content measurement indicate that the simultaneous addition of PGE and EVA showed synergistic effects on suppression of crystallization of PFME, however such effect was not observed when EVA was used alone. DSC thermograms indicated that the PGE additives not only decreased the crystallization temperature but also kinetically suppressed the crystal growth. Polarized light microscopy showed that the simultaneous addition of PGE and EVA led to the formation of considerably small and fine‐dispersed crystals of PFME. These results indicate that combined effects of PGE and EVA caused the formation of fine‐dispersed PFME crystals, which could improve the viscous properties of palm oil‐based BDF at relatively cold temperatures.
Multiplexing-Diversity Medium Access for Multi-User MIMO Networks (2015)

While MIMO technologies are rapidly adopted in 802.11, mobile devices increasingly have different numbers of antennas. Several multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) MAC protocols have recently been proposed to allow concurrent transmissions across different links. Though those protocols better utilize the available degrees of freedom, they however do not provide each data stream any receive diversity. This paper introduces multiplexing-diversity medium access (MDMA), a distributed MU-MIMO MAC protocol that achieves both the multiplexing and receive diversity gains at the same time. Instead of letting a node pair use its full degrees of freedom, MDMA allows as many contending node pairs as possible to transmit concurrently and share all the available degrees of freedom. By doing this, MDMA exploits more antennas equipped at different receiving nodes to provide concurrent streams more receive diversity, without sacrificing the multiplexing gain. We show via testbed experiments and simulations that MDMA achieves a similar multiplexing gain, but extracts more diversity gains as the number of antennas at any nodes increases. It hence improves the throughput by up to 48.8 percent as compared to the protocol enabling only spatial multiplexing.
Adsorption of Copper from an Ammonia-Thiosulfate Media Using DOWEX 550A Ion Exchange Resin (2016)

The study of copper adsorption onto ion exchange resins of anionic type is part of the gold recovery from ammonia-thiosulfate solutions, where copper is the main impurity of the system because it acts as a catalyst of gold dissolution reaction. A study is made of the adsorption and desorption of copper in the form of the complex in an ammonia-thiosulfate media on an ion exchange resin, DOWEX 550A, classified as a strong base, which in its inner structure has a quaternary amine functional group. In the studied pH range copper adsorption increased with increasing pH, while the presence of thiosulfate decreased it, the same as the ammonia content, due to the greater presence of cuprotetramine, . Elution of the copper complexes from the resin was more efficient with sulfite than with perchlorate.
Real-Time City-Scale Taxi Ridesharing (2014)

We proposed and developed a taxi-sharing system that accepts taxi passengers' real-time ride requests sent from smart phones and schedules proper taxis to pick up them via ride sharing, subject to time, capacity, and monetary constraints. The monetary constraints provide incentives for both passengers and taxi drivers: passengers will not pay more compared with no ride sharing and get compensated if their travel time is lengthened due to ride sharing; taxi drivers will make money for all the detour distance due to ride sharing. While such a system is of significant social and environmental benefit, e.g., saving energy consumption and satisfying people's commute, real-time taxi-sharing has not been well studied yet. To this end, we devise a mobile-cloud architecture based taxi-sharing system. Taxi riders and taxi drivers use the taxi-sharing service provided by the system via a smart phone App. The Cloud first finds candidate taxis quickly for a taxi ride request using a taxi searching algorithm supported by a spatio-temporal index. A scheduling process is then performed in the cloud to select a taxi that satisfies the request with minimum increase in travel distance. We built an experimental platform using the GPS trajectories generated by over 33,000 taxis over a period of three months. A ride request generator is developed (available at http://cs.uic.edu/~sma/ridesharing) in terms of the stochastic process modelling real ride requests learned from the data set. Tested on this platform with extensive experiments, our proposed system demonstrated its efficiency, effectiveness and scalability. For example, when the ratio of the number of ride requests to the number of taxis is 6, our proposed system serves three times as many taxi riders as that when no ridesharing is performed while saving 11 percent in total travel distance and 7 percent taxi fare per rider.