gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5J-5 High-Frequency Ultrasound Transduction Using Polymer Microring Resonators (2006)

High-frequency ultrasound detection using polymer microring optical resonators is demonstrated. An optical microring resonator consists of a ring waveguide closely coupled to a straight bus waveguide, serving as light input and output. Acoustic waves irradiating the polymer ring waveguide can induce strain to deform the waveguide dimensions and change the refractive index of the waveguide via the elasto-optic effect. These effects lead to the modification of the effective refractive index of the guided mode inside the waveguide. The sharp wavelength dependence of the microring resonator can enhance the optical response to acoustic strain. A polymer microring resonator with a width of 2.4 mum and a height of 1.85 mum, and a diameter of 95 mum was fabricated using nano-imprint technique. Its frequency response measured using a 50-MHz transducer shows that the microring resonator can detect ultrasound at least up to 55 MHz. A calibrated 10 MHz transducer generating a peak pressure of about 5 MPa was used to estimate the sensitivity and the noise equivalent pressure of the microring resonator to be 21 pm/MPa and 150 kPa, respectively. Furthermore, a two-dimensional scan was performed and the effective detecting area of the microring was estimated to be 1.4 times the ring size, implying that array operation would be possible with minimal cross talk between elements. These results suggest polymer microring resonators may be well suited to high-frequency ultrasound detection arrays
Development of a screening system for cystic fibrosis. (1983)

We have developed a simple method for detecting high concentrations of chloride in sweat from ambulatory subjects, a measurement useful in the detection of cystic fibrosis. The method is based on the standard approach of stimulating sweat generation through iontophoresis of pilocarpine nitrate into the skin, followed by collection and analysis of the sweat for chloride concentration. The sweat-stimulating reagents are contained in polymeric gel pads, which are used in conjunction with a small battery-powered stimulator. The chloride analysis is subsequently done on the stimulated site by use of a thin test patch that picks up a fixed amount of sweat and changes color if the chloride concentration is higher than a predetermined value. The successful completion of a test is indicated by a fill tab, which changes color when the appropriate amount of sweat has been picked up by the chloride test patch.
CP-225,917 and CP-263,114, Novel Ras Farnesylation Inhibitors from an Unidentified Fungus. I. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, and Biochemical Properties. (1997)

During the course of our screening for squalene synthase inhibitors and Ras farnesylation inhibitors, a novel fungal culture was discovered to produce two structurally unique compounds, CP-225,917 and CP-263,114, as well as zaragozic acid A (squalestatin I). The two compounds are characterized by a bicyclo[4.3.1]dec-1,6-diene core plus two extended alkyl chains. CP-225,917 and CP-263,114 inhibit Ras farnesyl transferase from rat brain with IC50 values of 6 microM and 20 microM, respectively. CP-225,917 inhibits squalene synthase with an IC50 value of 43 microM and CP-263,114 with an IC50 of 160 microM. The producing organism, though not fully classified, exhibits the characteristics of a sterile Phoma species.
Quasi-physical phase compensation in digital holographic microscopy (2009)

In digital holographic microscopy, if an optical setup is well aligned, the phase curvature introduced by the microscope objective (MO) together with the illuminating wave to the object wave is a spherical phase curvature. It can be physically compensated by introducing the same spherical phase curvature in the reference beam. Digital holographic microscopy setups based on the Michelson interferometric configuration with MO and an adjustable lens are presented, which can well perform the quasi-physical phase compensation during the hologram recording. In the reflection mode, the adjustable lens serves as both the condensing lens and the compensation lens. When the spatial frequency spectra of the hologram become a point spectrum, one can see that the phase curvature introduced by imaging is quasi-physically compensated. A simple plane numerical reference wavefront used for the reconstruction can give the correct quantitative phase map of the test object. A theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration are given. The simplicity of the presented setup makes it easy to align it well at lower cost.
Combining impulse oscillometry and multi-lead impedance pneumography for regional analysis of dynamic lung function (2013)

Studies suggest that dynamic lung mechanic properties are not homogeneously distributed within the lungs [1].

We hypothesise that pressure pulses induced at the mouth by impulse oscillometry (IOS) produce different volume responses in different lung areas depending on the regional lung mechanic properties. We developed a novel multi-lead impedance pneumography measurement method, that unlike earlier impedance methods, has sufficiently high time resolution to track IOS volume changes in multiple locations [2].

In an initial experiment, three IP signals were recorded at different levels of the thorax while IOS was being performed. Ensemble averaging of the recorded IP signal gated to IOS pulses was used to remove respiratory and cardiac impedance changes.

Results show that IOS pressure pulses can be seen in IP measurement. Furthermore, it was observed that IP signal responses showed consistent differences in shape between the three measured locations (Fig1).

We believe that, with the appropriated processing this method will allow for the first time to assess lung distribution of dynamic air-flow resistance and lung compliance, thus leading to new insights in pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD.

![Figure][1] 



[1] R. Pikkemaat et al. “EIT: New diagnostic possibilities using regional time constant maps”

[2] J. Gracia et al. “Multilead Measurement System for the Time-Domain Analysis of Bioimpedance Magnitude”.

 [1]: pending:yes
A prokaryotic-eukaryotic hybrid viral vector for delivery of large cargos of genes and proteins into human cells (2019)

An engineered viral vector of bacteriophage T4 linked to AAV delivers large payloads of genes and proteins into human cells.
Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of porous silicon and siloxene (1993)

We investigate the optical excitation of visible room-temperature luminescence in electrochemically produced porous silicon and in siloxene obtained from the chemical reaction of calcium disilicide with hydrochloric acid. Luminescence and luminescence excitation spectra (2--5 eV) of different porous silicon and siloxene samples are compared. A characteristic feature of luminescence excitation in porous silicon is the appearance of an exponential tail in the low-energy region. As-prepared siloxene has a pronounced peak in the excitation spectrum at 2.5 eV which is attributed to excitons. A close agreement is found between the properties of porous silicon and annealed siloxene, both in photoluminescence and in luminescence excitation.
Direct synthesis of middle isoparaffins from synthesis gas (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Branched paraffins with 4 to 7 carbon number shows high octane number as well as high reactivity for steam reforming, which suggest the binary fuel for both internal combustion engine and fuel cell engine as well.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It was tried to make iso-paraffin rich hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (F-T-S) over Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst. The basic concept is to secondarily isomerize or hydrocrack the F-T-S products.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Small amount of added zeolite to Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, enhanced the formation of C<sub>4</sub>-C<sub>10</sub> isoparaffins while suppressing the formation of longer hydrocarbons probably because of the selective cracking of higher hydrocarbons by zeolite. The three-component catalyst (Co/SiO<sub>2</sub>-Pd/SiO<sub>2</sub>-ZSM-5) promoted the formation of paraffins, whereas the yield of isomerized products was not high enugh.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For 2-steps reaction, the first step catalyst is the zeolite modified Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst and the second catalyst is Pd/SiO<sub>2</sub>+ZMS-5 catalyst where additional hydrogen was added. The selectivity of isoparaffins was markedly promoted and the molecular weight of the product decread while the syngas conversion was kept constant.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The hydrocracking of n-octane (which is the model compound of FTS reaction) over hybrid catalyst composed of Pd/SiO<sub>2</sub>-zeolite and showed high and stable activity giving iso-paraffin rich hydrocarbons. The isomerization was favored for Pd rich catalyst. The role of Pd is the port hole of hydrogen spill-over to zeolite.</div>
Boundary-Layer-Ingesting Inlet Flow Control (2008)

An experimental study was conducted to provide the first demonstration of an active flow control system for a flush-mounted inlet with significant boundary-layer ingestion in transonic flow conditions. The effectiveness of the flow control in reducing the circumferential distortion at the engine fan-face location was assessed using a 2.5% -scale model of a boundary-layer-ingesting offset diffusing inlet. The inlet was flush mounted to the tunnel wall and ingested a large boundary layer with a boundary-layer-to-inlet height ratio of 35%. Different jet distribution patterns and jet mass-flow rates were used in the inlet to control distortion. A vane configuration was also tested. Finally, a hybrid vane/jet configuration was tested leveraging strengths of both types of devices. Measurements were made of the onset boundary layer, the duct surface static pressures, and the mass-flow rates through the duct and the flow control actuators. The distortion and pressure recovery were measured at the aerodynamic interface plane. The data show that control jets and vanes reduce circumferential distortion to acceptable levels. The point-design vane configuration produced higher distortion levels at off-design settings. The hybrid vane/jet flow control configuration reduced the off-design distortion levels to acceptable ones and used less than 0.5% of the inlet mass flow to supply the jets.
A New Method for Rapidly Generating Inhibitors of Glyoxalase I inside Tumor Cells Using <i>S</i>-(<i>N</i>-Aryl-<i>N</i>-hydroxycarbamoyl)ethylsulfoxides (1999)

The enediol analogue S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione is a powerful mechanism-based competitive inhibitor of the anticancer target enzyme glyoxalase I. Nevertheless, this compound exhibits limited toxicity toward tumor cells in vitro because it does not readily diffuse across cell membranes. We describe an efficient method for indirectly delivering the enzyme inhibitor into murine leukemia L1210 cells via acyl interchange between intracellular glutathione and the cell-permeable prodrug S-(N-p-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)ethylsulfoxide. The second-order rate constant for the acyl-interchange reaction in a cell-free system is 1.84 mM-1 min-1 (100 mM potassium phosphate buffer, 5% ethanol, pH 7.5, 25 degrees C). Incubation of L1210 cells with the sulfoxide in vitro results in a rapid increase in the intracellular concentration of the glyoxalase I inhibitor (kapp = 1. 41 +/- 0.03 min-1 (37 degrees C)) and inhibition of cell growth (GI50 = 0.5 +/- 0.1 microM). This represents an improvement in both efficiency and potency over the dialkyl ester prodrug strategy in which the inhibitor is indirectly delivered into tumor cells as the [glycyl,glutamyl] diethyl or dicyclopentyl esters. The fact that pi-glutathione transferase catalyzes the acyl-interchange reaction between GSH and the sulfoxide suggests that the sulfoxide, or related compounds, might exhibit greater selective toxicity toward tumor cells that overexpress the transferase.
cGMP Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Messenger RNA (2016)

Reprogramming somatic cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has presented the biomedical community with a powerful platform to develop new models for human disease. To fully realize the promise of this technology in cell therapy and regenerative medicine, creating iPSCs under current Good Manufacture Practice (cGMP) conditions is paramount. Some reports have described efforts in this regard, resulting in iPSC lines that are cGMP compliant. The technology developed at Allele Biotechnology for footprint-free, feeder-free, and xeno-free reprogramming using only mRNA is very suitable for creating iPSC lines through an established cGMP process. This technology has resulted in a licensing agreement between Allele Biotechnology and Ocata (formerly ACT, now a wholly owned division of Astellas) for clinical applications. All reagents and vessels are certified as cGMP-produced, all equipment and software are certifiable, and all procedures are carried out in Industry ISO 7 or Class 10,000-grade cleanrooms. In this revised version of the unit, we describe the core improvements to implement steps toward cGMP-compliant generation of iPSCs. Recreating a process close to cGMP production in academic research will make these findings more applicable to translational research. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Biochemical Properties of a Novel Cysteine Protease of Plasmodium vivax, Vivapain-4 (2010)

VX-4 demonstrates pH-dependent substrate switching, which might offer an efficient mechanism for the specific cleavage of different substrates in different intracellular environments. VX-4 might function as a hemoglobinase in the acidic parasite food vacuole, a maturase of P. vivax plasmepsin 4 at neutral or acidic pH, and a cytoskeleton-degrading protease in the neutral erythrocyte cytosol.
Influence of Radiation Cross-linking and Nano-filler on the Flammability of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate and Low Density Polyethylene Blends for Wire and Cable Applications (2010)

Magnesium hydroxide and huntite hydromagnesite were used in halogen free flame retardant (HFFR) compounds based on blends of ethylene vinyl acetate and low density polyethylene. The effect of both cross-linking with electron beam (EB) and the introduction of nano-filler on flammability were investigated. The developed compounds exhibited an improved oxidation induction temperature. A delay in the beginning of the decomposition of compounds was observed due to barrier effect as demonstrated by the cone calorimeter test. In addition, time to ignition increased with increase of irradiation dose and heat release rate was inhibited due to use of nano-fillers.
Polarizer-free imaging of liquid crystal lens (2014)

An image processing method is proposed to realize polarizer-free imaging of liquid crystal lens. Images I(l) and I(nl) are captured sequentially in the lens and non-lens states of the LC lens, respectively, and are used to generate a final high contrast image. The proposal is tested by experiments. Clear and well focused images are obtained, even though no polarizer is employed in the imaging system.
Crossed, Small-Deflection Energy Analyzer for Wind/Temperature Spectrometer (2010)

Determination of neutral winds and ion drifts in low-Earth-orbit missions requires measurements of the angular and energy distributions of the flux of neutrals and ions entering the satellite from the ram direction. The magnitude and direction of the neutral-wind (or ion-drift) determine the location of the maximum in the angular distribution of the flux. Knowledge of the angle of maximum flux with respect to satellite coordinates (pointing) is essential to determine the wind (or ion-drift) vector. The crossed Small-Deflection Energy Analyzer (SDEA) spectrometer (see Figure 1) occupies minimal volume and consumes minimal power. Designed for upper atmosphere/ionosphere investigations at Earth altitudes above 100 km, the spectrometer operates by detecting the angular and energy distributions of neutral atoms/molecules and ions in two mutually perpendicular planes. In this configuration, the two detection planes actually cross at the spectrometer center. It is possible to merge two SDEAs so they share a common optical axis and alternate measurements between two perpendicular planes, and reduce the number of ion sources from two to one. This minimizes the volume and footprint significantly and reduces the ion source power by a factor of two. The area of the entrance aperture affects the number of ions detected/second and also determines the energy resolution. Thermionic emitters require heater power of about 100 mW to produce 1 mA of electron beam current. Typically, electron energy is about 100 eV and requires a 100-V supply for electron acceleration to supply an additional 100 mW of power. Thus, ion source power is at most 200 mW. If two ion sources were to be used, the ion source power would be, at most, 400 mW. Detector power, deflection voltage power, and microcontroller and other functions require less than 150 mW. A WTS (wind/ temperature spectrometer) with two separate optical axes would consume about 650 mW, while the crossed SDEA described here consumes about 350 mW. The entrance aperture has a diameter of 0.004 in. (0.10 mm) to provide the required energy resolution between 0.05 and 0.15. This design (see Figure 2) provides a WTS occupying a volume less than 40 cm(sup 3), on a footprint of diameter about 1.5 in. (38 mm). The Crossed SDEA offers many advantages in the measurements of neutral wind and ion drifts in the Earth's thermosphere. As such, it will be useful in future commercial satellites dedicated to monitoring the ionosphere with a view to improving the integrity and predictability of GPS operations.
P3J-5 High-Frequency Pulsed-Wave Ultrasound Doppler System for Biomedical Applications with PMN-PT Needle Transducer and 30 MHz Linear Array (2006)

In this paper, we report the development of a bidirectional high-frequency (HF) PW ultrasound Doppler system, using either a 45 MHz PMN-PT (lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate) needle transducers or 30-35 MHz linear arrays. The system included the HF directional pulsed-wave Doppler block which can be operated independently with a single element transducer. For 30 MHz linear arrays, a HF analog beamformer was used to focus the beam. Delayed and summed echoes were directly fed to the HF PW Doppler block. The system was evaluated and calibrated on a wire phantom and a micro flow phantom which consisted of polyimide tube with inner diameter 127 mum. The results shows that the system is capable of detecting motion velocity of the wire phantom as low as 0.1 mm/s, and detecting blood-mimicking flow velocity in the 127 mum tube lower than 7 mm/s. With the PMN-PT needle transducer, in vivo experiments have been carried out in rabbit eyes. Blood flow in both the retinal vein and retinal artery with diameter less than 200 mum were measured in real-time. The average maximum velocity in the retinal vein was approximately 1 cm/s, and the average maximum velocity in the retinal artery was approximately 3 cm/s
Radioimmunotherapy of Fibroblast Activation Protein Positive Tumors by Rapidly Internalizing Antibodies (2012)

Our results show the potential of ESC11 and ESC14 as potent radioimmunoconjugates or antibody-drug conjugates for diagnostic and therapeutic use in patients with FAP-expressing tumors.
Scaling of the resolving power and sensitivity for planar FAIMS and mobility-based discrimination in flow- and field-driven analyzers (2007)

Continuing development of the technology and applications of field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) calls for better understanding of its limitations and factors that govern them. While key performance metrics such as resolution and ion transmission have been calculated for specific cases employing numerical simulations, the underlying physical trends remained obscure. Here we determine that the resolving power of planar FAIMS scales as the square root of separation time and sensitivity drops exponentially at the rate controlled by absolute ion mobility and several instrument parameters. A strong dependence of ion transmission on mobility severely discriminates against species with higher mobility, presenting particular problems for analyses of complex mixtures. While the time evolution of resolution and sensitivity is virtually identical in existing FAIMS systems using gas flow and proposed devices driven by electric field, the distributions of separation times are not. The inverse correlation between mobility (and thus diffusion speed) and residence time for ions in field-driven FAIMS greatly reduces the mobility-based discrimination and provides much more uniform separations. Under typical operating conditions, the spread of elimination rates for commonly analyzed ions is reduced from >5 times in flow-driven to 1.6 times in field-driven FAIMS while the difference in resolving power decreases from approximately 60% to approximately 15%.
Fluctuating equilibrium MRI (1999)

A new fast, spectrally selective imaging method called fluctuating equilibrium magnetic resonance is presented. With all gradients refocused over a repetition interval, certain phase schedules of radiofrequency excitation pulses produce an equilibrium magnetization that fluctuates from excitation to excitation, thus permitting simultaneous acquisition of several images with different contrast features. For example, lipid and water images can be rapidly acquired. The effective echo time can be adjusted using the flip angle, thus providing control over the T(2) contribution to the contrast. Several applications of the technique are presented, including fast musculoskeletal, abdominal, breast, and brain imaging, in addition to MR angiography. A technique for combining lipid and water images generated with this sequence for angiography is described and other potential applications are suggested. Magn Reson Med 42:876-883, 1999.
Combining Fullerenes and Zwitterions in Non‐Conjugated Polymer Interlayers to Raise Solar Cell Efficiency (2018)

Abstract Polymer zwitterions were synthesized by nucleophilic ring‐opening of 3,3′‐(but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diyl)bis(1,2‐oxathiolane 2,2‐dioxide) (a bis‐sultone) with functional perylene diimide (PDI) or fullerene monomers. Integration of these polymers into solar cell devices as cathode interlayers boosted efficiencies of fullerene‐based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from 2.75 % to 10.74 %, and of non‐fullerene‐based OPVs from 4.25 % to 10.10 %, demonstrating the versatility of these interlayer materials in OPVs. The fullerene‐containing polymer zwitterion ( C 60 ‐PZ ) showed a higher interfacial dipole (Δ) value and electron mobility than its PDI counterpart ( PDI‐PZ ), affording solar cells with high efficiency. The power of PDI‐PZ and C 60 ‐PZ to improve electron injection and extraction processes when positioned between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors highlights their promise to overcome energy barriers at the hard‐soft materials interface of organic electronics.