gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Testing for Stretchable Electronics (2016)

Stretchable electronics have been a subject of increased research over the past decade [1–3]. Although stretchable electronic devices are a relatively new area for the semiconductor/electronics industries, recent market research indicates the market could be worth more than 900 million dollars by 2023 [4]. At CES (Consumer Electronics Show) in January 2016, two commercial patches were announced which attach to the skin to measure information about the user’s vitals and environmental conditions [5]. One of these measures the sun exposure of the user with a UV sensitive dye — which can communicate with the user’s cell phone to track the user’s sun exposure. Another device is a re-usable flexible patch which measures cardiac activity, muscle activity, galvanic skin response, and user’s motion. These are just two examples of the many devices that will be developed in the coming years for consumer and medical use. This paper investigates mechanical testing methods designed to test the stretching capabilities of potential products across the electronics industry to help quantify and understand the mechanical integrity, response, and the reliability of these devices. Typically, the devices consist of stiff modules connected by stretchable traces [6]. They require electrical and mechanical connectivity between the modules to function. In some cases, these devices will be subject to bi-axial and/or cyclic mechanical strain, especially for wearable applications. The ability to replicate these mechanical strains and understand their effect on the function of the devices is critical to meet performance, process and reliability requirements. There has been a test method proposed recently for harsh / high-rate testing (shock) of stretchable electronics [7]. The focus of the approach presented in the paper aims to simulate expected user conditions in the consumer and medical fields, whereas earlier research was focused on shock testing. In this paper, methods for simulating bi-axial and out-of-plane strains similar to what may occur in a wearable device on the human body are proposed. Electrical and / or optical monitoring (among other methods) can be used to determine cycles to failure depending on expected failure modes. Failure modes can include trace damage in stretchable regions, trace damage in functional component regions, or bulk stretchable material damage, among others. Three different methods of applying mechanical strain are described, including a stretchable air bladder method, membrane test method, and lateral expansion method. This work will describe a prototype of the air bladder method with initial results of the testing for example devices. The system utilizes an expandable bladder to roughly simulate the expansion of muscles in the human body. Besides strain and # of cycles, other variables such as humidity, temperature, ultraviolet exposure, and others can be utilized to determine their effect on the mechanical and electrical reliability of the devices.
The application of recombinant-DNA technology to cellulases and lignocellulosic wastes (1987)

Abstract The efficient utilization of different lignocellulosic wastes will require an understanding of the roles of the different enzymes involved in enzymatic hydrolysis. Towards this goal, we have isolated and characterized the genes coding for four major cellulases, CBH I, CBH II, EG I and EG III, produced by the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei. It seems that T. reesei produces at least two classes of cellulose and in each class both endo- and exo-type enzyme are found. Full-length cDNAs coding for CBH I, CBH II, EG I and EG III have been expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the cellulases are secreted by these strains. The recombinant cellulases produced by the yeast all show activity towards cellulosic substrates. The information obtained from the cloned genes makes possible the construction of new cellulolytic organisms and may also make possible the development of improved enzymes.
Fluorescence detected Mid infrared photothermal microscopy (2022)

We present a novel version of mid-infrared photothermal microscopy in which thermosensitive fluorescent probes are harnessed to sense the mid-infrared photothermal effect. The fluorescence intensity can be modulated at the level of 1% per Kelvin, which is 100 times larger than the modulation of scattering intensity. In addition, fluorescence emission is free of interference, thus much improving the image quality. Moreover, fluorophores can target specific organelles or biomolecules, thus augmenting the specificity of photothermal imaging. Spectral fidelity is confirmed by fingerprinting a single bacterium. A wide-field fluorescence-detected mid-infrared photothermal microscope developed allows video-rate bond-selective imaging of biological specimens.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of cubic silicon carbide surfaces (1988)

Surface topographies of n-type β-SiC single crystals epitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition on Si(100) and Si substrates inclined at 4° off (100) toward (011) were imaged by a scanning tunneling microscope. The images suggest that smooth surfaces can be achieved by epitaxial growth on the 4°-off substrates. Oxidation of the β-SiC surfaces followed by chemical etching to remove the oxide layer also tend to produce smooth surfaces.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure—Activity Relationship of a New Class of Amidinophenylurea‐Based Factor VIIa Inhibitors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical enzyme immunoassay for phenytoin by flow-injection analysis incorporating a redox coupling agent (1991)

Using phenytoin as a model analyte, we demonstrate an electrochemical enzyme immunoassay based on flow-injection analysis and incorporating 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) as a redox coupling agent. DCIP reacts with NADH to form NAD+ and DCIPH2, the reduced form of the coupling agent. The production of DCIPH2 is monitored at +250 mV vs Ag/AgCl. This low applied potential improves selectivity in the biological matrix, differentiating against components that are oxidizable at the more-positive potentials required for direct electrochemical detection of NADH. The kinetics-based assay also eliminates other common interferences, mainly from ascorbic acid and glutathione. This system does not require precolumns or analytical columns for isolation of the NADH response. Good agreement with a routine clinical laboratory procedure for phenytoin is obtained for clinical samples (r = 0.95), illustrating the feasibility of such an approach.
Multichannel spike detector with an adaptive threshold based on a Sigma-delta control loop (2015)

In this paper, we present a digital spike detector using an adaptive threshold which is suitable for real time processing of 32 electrophysiological channels in parallel. Such a new scheme is based on a Sigma-delta control loop that precisely estimates the standard deviation of the amplitude of the noise of the input signal to optimize the detection rate. Additionally, it is not dependent on the amplitude of the input signal thanks to a robust algorithm. The spike detector is implemented inside a Spartan-6 FPGA using low resources, only FPGA basic logic blocks, and is using a low clock frequency under 6 MHz for minimal power consumption. We present a comparison showing that the proposed system can compete with a dedicated off-line spike detection software. The whole system achieves up to 100% of true positive detection rate for SNRs down to 5 dB while achieving 62.3% of true positive detection rate for an SNR as low as -2 dB at a 150 AP/s firing rate.
Quantification of Absorber through a Scattering Medium of Different Thickness Using Evanescent Light Piping (2010)

A non-invasive method has been developed for analyte quantification in fluids surrounded by optically-scattering, opaque walls. This method is based on steady state, visible wavelength reflectance measurements made simultaneously at multiple positions on the surface of a sample. Previous work has shown that reflectance measurements contain information about underlying scattering layers in layered scattering samples. We hypothesise that similar information about an absorbing layer below a scattering layer can be obtained from evanescent wave effects. Principal component analysis showed the data to be composed of three components, which were refined by a multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) approach with non-negativity constraints. The first component is related to the scattering layer thickness, the second is associated with analyte concentration and the third is due to a minor back reflection within the sample cell. Both MCR and stagewise multi-linear regression (SMLR) approaches were taken to estimate analyte concentration and scattering layer thickness, for samples having thicknesses between 1 mm and 8 mm. Results demonstrate that a simple experimental configuration can easily predict optical properties of unknown samples. With the adoption of a multi-wavelength approach to this method, it is expected that improved absorption coefficient (μ a ) estimation accuracy can be realised in a variety of application areas such as in analysis through opaque containers, in vivo measurements and in-line monitoring of reactions.
Controlled retroreflection: a technique for understanding and eliminating parasitic lasing (1992)

Parasitic lasing is examined with an emphasis on understanding and quantifying its effect on high-gain laser systems. Parasitic lasing is unwanted stimulated emission commonly found in high-gain optical systems. A general technique was developed that carefully retroreflects light back into the optical system, thereby creating an externally induced oscillator. Discrepancies between experimental data and threshold calculations for the externally induced oscillator are direct evidence of optical misalignment or of component performance problems. Any changes in the optical system can be directly measured as a change in threshold for the externally induced oscillator. This technique also enables one to align the system for maximum parasitic suppression with the system fully operational. Experimental data illustrating the utility of this technique are presented.
Does AODV perform better with energy harvesting? (2015)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an evolving technology used in a diverse set of applications. WSN might be applied in isolated or hazard areas where it is hard and costly to reach the nodes. Maintaining the sensor nodes in WSN is generally a complex and difficult task especially when the size of the network is large. Energy maintenance of the sensor nodes is one of the challenging tasks in WSN. Supply energy for WSN using energy harvesting is a promising approach. It enables the sensor nodes to exploit the renewable ambient energy sources such as solar, temperature, sound and pressure to achieve a continual energy source. AODV is a routing protocol that was adopted by Zigbee for mesh network. However, not much work exists in literature that explores deeply the capabilities of AODV under energy harvesting. In this paper, extensive simulation experiments have been conducted using ns-3 to study the behavior of ADOV for energy-harvested and limited-battery WSN assuming total supply energy is the same for both approaches. We have compared AODV for both approaches using different performance metrics.
A novel fault tolerant DFIG based wind energy conversion system for seamless operation during grid faults (2014)

A novel fault tolerant configuration of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind energy conversion systems (WECS) is proposed in this paper for the seamless operation during all kinds of grid faults. The proposed configuration is developed by replacing traditional six-switch grid side converter (GSC) of DFIG with a nine-switch converter. With the additional three switches, the nine-switch converter can provide six independent output terminals. One set of three output terminals are connected to the grid through interfacing inductors to realize normal GSC operation while, the other set of three output terminals are connected to neutral side of the stator windings to provide fault ride-through (FRT) capability to the DFIG. An appropriate control algorithm is developed for the proposed configuration that 1) achieves seamless fault ride-through during any kind of grid faults and 2) strictly satisfies new grid codes requirements. The effectiveness of the proposed configuration in riding through different kind of faults is evaluated through detailed simulation studies on a 1.5MW WECS.
Structural Characterization of a Synthetic Tandem-Domain Bacterial Microcompartment Shell Protein Capable of Forming Icosahedral Shell Assemblies (2019)

Bacterial microcompartments are subcellular compartments found in many prokaryotes; they consist of a protein shell that encapsulates enzymes that perform a variety of functions. The shell protects the cell from potentially toxic intermediates and colocalizes enzymes for higher efficiency. Accordingly, it is of considerable interest for biotechnological applications. We have previously structurally characterized an intact 40 nm shell comprising three different types of proteins. One of those proteins, BMC-H, forms a cyclic hexamer; here we have engineered a synthetic protein that consists of a tandem duplication of BMC-H connected by a short linker. The synthetic protein forms cyclic trimers that self-assemble to form a smaller (25 nm) icosahedral shell with gaps at the pentamer positions. When coexpressed in vivo with the pentamer fused to an affinity tag we can purify complete icosahedral shells. This engineered shell protein constitutes a minimal shell system to study permeability; reducing symmetry from 6- to 3-fold will allow for finer control of the pore environment. We have determined a crystal structure of this shell to guide rational engineering of this microcompartment shell for biotechnological applications.
Synthesis of a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of p90 Rsk (2005)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of the naturally occurring kaempferol glycoside SL0101 has been accomplished, as has its biochemical evaluation. SL0101 exhibits selective and potent p90 Rsk inhibitory activity at nanomolar concentrations without inhibiting the function of upstream kinases such as MEK, Raf, or PKC. The synthesis verified the structural assignment of the natural product and has provided access to material sufficient for detailed biological evaluation.
Efficacy of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (ATCC 13146) isomaltooligosaccharides as a poultry prebiotic (2004)

The complex dietary carbohydrates, called prebiotics, have been used to control Salmonella and improve intestinal bacterial balance in broilers. Leuconostoc mesenteroides (ATCC 13146) isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) stimulate growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and are not used by Salmonella or Escherichia coli. We tested the efficacy of these IMO as a prebiotic. IMO, compared with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as sole carbon source, promoted growth of chicken cecal isolates and Bifidobacterium. Cecal isolates and Salmonella typhimurium grown in mixed culture on IMO reduced the Salmonella population. Cecal isolates grown on IMO showed higher viable counts and faster growth than Salmonella, indicating a potential value for these oligomers for poultry intestinal microflora modification.
Combustion Synthesis of Ca3(PO4)2 Net-Shape Surgical Implants (2006)

Self-propagating high-temperature combustion synthesis (SHS) is the basis of a method of making components of porous tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] and related compounds in net sizes and shapes for use as surgical implants that are compatible with bone. The SHS method offers advantages over prior methods of manufacturing Ca3(PO4)2-based surgical implants.
A New Fast Non Local Method for Permeability Field Upscaling (2004)

H029 A new fast non local method for permeability field upscaling L.RICARD M. LE RAVALEC-DUPIN Y. GUÉGUEN Institut Français du Pétrole 1 & 4 avenue Bois préau 92852 Reuil-Malmaison Cedex - France Abstract A new and fast non local upscaling method is developed for turning fine scale permeability fields into coarse scale permeability fields. It is essentially based upon a based Fast Fourier Transform fluid flow simulator which is fast and suitable for highly heterogeneous porous media. Introduction 1 Geo-professionals interpret geological and geophysical data for building a geological model. These models are commonly populated by geostatistical realizations constrained to
Activated protein C resistance as an additional risk factor for thrombosis in protein C-deficient families (1994)

Heterozygous protein C deficiency is associated with an increased risk for thrombosis. This association is restricted to a minority of protein C-deficient families, which have been defined as clinically dominant protein C-deficient. In contrast, in the clinically recessive protein C- deficient families, only the homozygous family members are (severely) affected. One possible explanation for this difference in thrombotic risk between families may be the presence of a second hereditary risk factor. A good candidate for this second risk factor is the recently identified resistance to activated protein C (APC). APC resistance, which is associated with a mutation in the FV gene (FV Leiden), is a common and strong risk factor for thrombosis. We show here that the prevalence of the FV Leiden mutation is high among symptomatic protein C-deficient probands (19%). In 6 clinically dominant protein C- deficient families, the segregation of the FV Leiden mutation and the protein C gene mutation was studied. A thrombotic episode had been experienced by 73% of the family members having both the protein C gene mutation and the FV Leiden mutation. In contrast, respectively, 31% and 13% of the family members having either the protein C gene mutation or the FV Leiden mutation had experienced a thrombotic episode. Moreover, the result of a two locus linkage analysis support the assumption that the FV gene and the protein C gene are the two trait loci responsible for the thrombophilia. These results indicate that carriers of both gene defects have an increased risk for thrombosis compared with related carriers of the single defect.
Microbial desulfurization of natural gas (1987)

The antidiuretic responses of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were studied in rats with marked lithium-polyuria (about 100 ml/100 g/24 h) induced by administration of lithium to the diet for 3-4 months. The hormones were infused i.v. and s.c. at a constant rate for 7 days using implantable osmotic minipumps. Body weight, food consumption and urine volume and osmolality were recorded daily. Whereas supramaximal doses of AVP only had little effect on spontaneous urine flow and osmolality, DDAVP (0.1 microgram/h i.v. or 1 microgram/H s.c.) restored urine volume and osmolality to near-normal values. Although the mechanism of the antidiuresis evoked by DDAVP was not investigated the ability of this compound to reverse AVP-resistant polyuria may be due to its specificity and high intrinsic activity in stimulating the vasopressin receptor. The reversibility of lithium-induced impairment of renal concentrating ability caused by excessive hormonal stimulation is not immediately compatible with the recent hypothesis that lithium-polyuria may reflect irreversible structural kidney damage.
Simple and cost effective wavelength setting and monitoring method using software-based wavelength estimation for WDM pluggable optical transceiver (2007)

In this paper, we propose a wavelength locker free, simple and cost effective wavelength setting and monitoring method that estimates wavelength on a software basis. This method uses preliminarily measured wavelengths at selected sets of drive current and device temperature, which are stored in the memory of the transceiver module. We then determine the relationship among the wavelength, the drive current, and the device temperature as a linear function. This function enables us to estimate the wavelength by setting and monitoring the drive current and device temperature. The same procedure is done for output power estimation. We measured the wavelength estimation accuracy using two practical DFB-LDs and confirmed that the discrepancy between the estimated wavelength and the measured wavelength was less than ±1 GHz.
Discovery News: A Generic Framework for Financial News Recommendation (2020)

In the financial services industry, it is crucial for analysts to constantly monitor and stay informed on the latest developments of their portfolio of companies. This ensures that analysts are up-to-date in their analysis and provide highly credible and timely insights. Currently, analysts receive news alerts through manually created news alert subscriptions that are often noisy and difficult to manage. The manual review process is time-consuming and error-prone. We demonstrate Discovery News, a framework for an automated news recommender system for financial analysis at S&P's Global Ratings. This system includes the automated ingestion, relevancy, clustering, and ranking of news. The proposed framework is adaptable to any form of input news data and can seamlessly integrate with other data used for analysis like financial data.
An all-metal high power circularly polarized X-band RF load (2002)

A compact RF load has been designed using a cascaded array of lossy radial RF chokes to dissipate 100 MW peak and 8 kW average power uniformly along the length of the load. Operation in the circularly polarized TE/sub 11/ mode assures uniform dissipation azimuthally as well.
Carbodiimide-Promoted Olefin Epoxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide<sup>,</sup> (1998)

Commercially available carbodiimides in hydroxylic solvents containing hydrogen peroxide with mildly basic or acidic catalysts have been found to promote the epoxidation of olefins. A commercially available 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide serves as the oxidant for this process. The presumed reactive species is a peroxyisourea generated in situ by the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the carbodiimide.
Mutamicins; biosynthetically created new sisomicin analogues. (1974)

A mutant of Micromonospora inyoensis, the sisomicin-producing organism, has been isolated which requires the addition of 2-deoxystreptamine to the fermentation broth for sisomicin production. The addition of analogues of 2-deoxystreptamine to this mutant resulted in the formation of new antibiotics called mutamicins. Mutamicin 1, produced by the addition of streptamine to the fermentation broth, exhibits broad-spectrum activity with potency similar to or slightly less than sisomicin, with the exception of gentamicin-sisomicin-adenylylating strains against which mutamicin 1 exhibited greatly improved activity. Mutamicin 2, produced by the addition of 2, 5-dideoxystreptamine, exhibits similar broad-spectrum activity but with favorable activity against gentamicin-sisomicin-acetylating strains.