gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the inflammatory protein serine protease inhibitor Kazal in preventing cytolytic granule granzyme A-mediated apoptosis (2011)

Serine protease inhibitor Kazal (SPIK) is an inflammatory protein whose levels are elevated in numerous cancers. However, the role of this protein in cancer development is unknown. We have recently found that SPIK suppresses serine protease-dependent cell apoptosis. Here, we report that anti-SPIK antibodies can co-immmunoprecipitate serine protease granzyme A (GzmA), a cytolytic granule secreted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells during immune surveillance, and that SPIK suppresses GzmA-induced cell apoptosis. Deletion studies show that the C3-C4 region of SPIK is critical for this suppression. These studies suggest that over-expression of SPIK may prevent GzmA-mediated immune-killing, thereby establishing the tolerance of cancer cells to the body's immune surveillance system. Suppression of over-expressed SPIK can restore the susceptibility of these cells to apoptotic death triggered by GzmA. This finding implies that it is possible to overcome tolerance of cancer cells to the body's immune surveillance system and restore the GzmA-mediated immune-killing by suppressing the over-expression of SPIK.
Use of cardiac output to improve measurement of input function in quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (2009)

A new method significantly improves the precision of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) parameters. The method may be especially useful for analyzing repeated DCE examinations, such as monitoring tumor therapy or angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor renography.
The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum (2019)

Data-intensive key-value stores based on the Log-Structured Merge-Tree are used in numerous modern applications ranging from social media and data science to cloud infrastructure. We show that such designs exhibit an intrinsic contention between the costs of point reads, writes and memory, and that this trade-off deteriorates as the data size grows. The root of the problem is that in all existing designs, the capacity ratio between any pair of levels is fixed. This causes write cost to increase with the data size while yielding exponentially diminishing returns for point reads and memory. We introduce the Log-Structured Merge-Bush (LSM-Bush), a new data structure that sets increasing capacity ratios between adjacent pairs of smaller levels. As a result, smaller levels get lazier by gathering more runs before merging them. By using a doubly-exponential ratio growth rate, LSM-bush brings write cost down from \small$O(łog N)$ to \small$O(łogłog N)$, and it can trade this gain to either improve point reads or memory. Thus, it enables more scalable trade-offs all around. We further introduce Wacky, a design continuum that includes LSM-Bush as well as all state-of-the-art merge policies, from laziest to greediest, and can assume any of them within a single implementation. Wacky encompasses a vast space of performance properties, including ones that favor range reads, and it can be searched analytically to find the design that performs best for a given workload in practice.
Transmit adaptive array without user-specific pilot for 3G CDMA (2002)

The transmit adaptive array (TxAA) is one of the promising closed-loop downlink diversity schemes being considered for the third generation wireless systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA). The TxAA technique originally proposed, requires a user-specific auxiliary pilot for coherent demodulation. This affects the capacity of the system due to additional power being used by this pilot. The mobile receiver requires additional hardware correlators for demodulating the pilot. Since different channels in spread spectrum systems are distinguished by their spreading sequences, it also uses up an additional Walsh code per user. This paper proposes a decision directed method for demodulation which does not require a user-specific pilot. Our simulations demonstrate that the performance of the technique is comparable to that of the method based on a user specific pilot.
A Study on Structure for Monitoring and Detecting VoIP Abnormal Traffic (2008)

With the development of VoIP (Voice over IP) service, new security threats are expected to be appeared. However, existing IP network security solutions can not detect new VoIP specified network threats because they can not reflect characteristics of VoIP. In this paper, we propose a novel system that can monitor VoIP service and detect VoIP network threats practically. The proposed system collects attributes of VoIP traffic based on NetFlow, and executes monitoring and detecting based on statistic and behavior.
A Large-Scale Synthesis of α-Olefins and α,ω-Dienes (2012)

The decarbonylation of carboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids in the presence of a palladium catalyst above 190 °C in the absence of a solvent constitutes a mild method for the large-scale synthesis of α-olefins and α,ω-dienes.
Holographic 1XN Couplers For Single-Mode Fibers (1987)

We propose the use of holographic optical elements (HOEs) to make 1XN couplers for single-mode fibers. The main advantage of this approach is that each HOE is made with the particular fibers that it is intended for, and automatically adjusts to their locations, which need not be chosen in any particular manner. A number of possible techniques are considered. All require the use of a focusing element at some point in the process, but some do not use a lens in the final device; clearly that situation is preferred. At this time, a transmission hologram which generates a time-reversed replica of the output of the original N fibers looks most attractive. In theory, the overall efficiency of such a holographic coupler can approach 100%, regardless of the value of N. The fabrication technique is also virtually the same for all N. For these reasons, this method could be particularly attractive for large values of N, where more conventional techniques become less efficient, and more costly. In this paper we present theoretical and practical considerations concerning the fabrication of these devices. We also describe preliminary experiments which we have performed, and point to promising experimental techniques for future work.
Orthogonal source adaptive modulation for image transmission over noisy channels (2002)

This paper presents a low-complexity method of transmitting digitally compressed imagery through AWGN and fading channels. The proposed method combines a wavelet-based image coder that employs phase scrambling and trellis-coded quantization (TCQ), and orthogonal source adaptive modulation (OSAM), which is implemented using time diversity and orthogonal modulation. We compare the performance of the OSAM-TCQ system to that of a system that utilizes unequal error protection (UEP). We show that for the AWGN channel, the OSAM-TCQ system performs nearly 4 dB better than UEP-TCQ at high bit error rates (BERs), and the same as the UEP-TCQ system at low bit error rates, with much lower complexity than the UEP-based system.
DBR-based tunable optical filter (1990)

A device structure for implementing a continuously tunable optical filter is described. The proposed filter relies on the creation of a resonant optical cavity between a high-reflectivity mirror and a periodic grating, with a phase control section in between. The filter has only one transmission peak over the entire frequency range, can be tuned in a few nanoseconds, and is suitable for integration with the receiver in a photonic circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic Decomposition of the Clinical Electromyogram (1985)

We describe a new, automatic signal-processing method (ADEMG) for extracting motor-unit action potentials (MUAP's) from the electromyographic interference pattern for clinical diagnostic purposes. The method employs digital filtering to select the spike components of the MUAP's from the background activity, identifies the spikes by template matching, averages the MUAP waveforms from the raw signal using the identified spikes as triggers, and measures their amplitudes, durations, rise rates, numbers of phases, and firing rates. Efficient new algorithms are used to align and compare spikes and to eliminate interference from the MUAP averages. In a typical 10-s signal recorded from the biceps brachii muscle using a needle electrode during a 20 percent-maximal isometric contraction, the method identifies 8-15 simultaneously active MUAP's and detects 30-70 percent of their occurrences. The analysis time is 90 s on a PDP-11/34A.
Genetic Reprogramming after Somatic Cell cloning (2002)

Cloning by nuclear transfer in mammals using somatic cells has enormous potential applications. However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which NT is successful. High abortion and fetal death rates have been observed. These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete nuclear reprogramming by the somatic cloning process. In this review, we will discuss studies conducted in our labs to understand the nuclear reprogramming process.
Curcumin Suppresses the Paclitaxel-Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells and Inhibits Lung Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer in Nude Mice (2005)

Currently, there is no effective therapy for metastatic breast cancer after surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used against the primary tumor. Because curcumin suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and most chemotherapeutic agents activate NF-kappaB that mediates cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, we hypothesized that curcumin would potentiate the effect of chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer and inhibit lung metastasis. We tested this hypothesis using paclitaxel (Taxol)-resistant breast cancer cells and a human breast cancer xenograft model. As examined by electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay, paclitaxel activated NF-kappaB in breast cancer cells and curcumin inhibited it; this inhibition was mediated through inhibition of IkappaBalpha kinase activation and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. Curcumin also suppressed the paclitaxel-induced expression of antiapoptotic (XIAP, IAP-1, IAP-2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL), proliferative (cyclooxygenase 2, c-Myc, and cyclin D1), and metastatic proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1). It also enhanced apoptosis. In a human breast cancer xenograft model, dietary administration of curcumin significantly decreased the incidence of breast cancer metastasis to the lung and suppressed the expression of NF-kappaB, cyclooxygenase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Overall, our results indicate that curcumin, which is a pharmacologically safe compound, has a therapeutic potential in preventing breast cancer metastasis possibly through suppression of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene products.
A Small Molecule that Induces Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis with Unparalleled Speed (2015)

Apoptosis is generally believed to be a process that requires several hours, in contrast to non-programmed forms of cell death that can occur in minutes. Our findings challenge the time-consuming nature of apoptosis as we describe the discovery and characterization of a small molecule, named Raptinal, which initiates intrinsic pathway caspase-dependent apoptosis within minutes in multiple cell lines. Comparison to a mechanistically diverse panel of apoptotic stimuli reveals that Raptinal-induced apoptosis proceeds with unparalleled speed. The rapid phenotype enabled identification of the critical roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel function, mitochondrial membrane potential/coupled respiration, and mitochondrial complex I, III, and IV function for apoptosis induction. Use of Raptinal in whole organisms demonstrates its utility for studying apoptosis in vivo for a variety of applications. Overall, rapid inducers of apoptosis are powerful tools that will be used in a variety of settings to generate further insight into the apoptotic machinery.
Routing track duplication with fine-grained power-gating for FPGA interconnect power reduction (2005)

Power has become an increasingly important design constraint for FPGAs in nanometer technologies, and global interconnects should be the focus of FPGA power reduction as they consume more power than logic cells. We design area-efficient circuits for programmable fine-grained power-gating of individual unused interconnect switches, and reduce interconnect leakage power dramatically because the interconnect switches have an intrinsically low utilization rate for the purpose of programmability. The low leakage interconnect via power-gating reduces total power by 38.18% for the FPGA in 100nm technology. Furthermore, it enables interconnect dynamic power reduction. We design a routing channel containing abundant or duplicated routing tracks with pre-determined high and low Vdd, and develop routing algorithm using low Vdd for non-critical routing to reduce dynamic power. The track-duplicated routing channel has small leakage power and increase the FPGA power reduction to 45.00%.
Flow Distribution Concepts for New Type Monolithic Co- or Countercurrent Reactors (1999)

For co- and countercurrent processes two different concepts of gas distribution for monoliths have been studied. The concept of separate reactor heads has been compared with a monolith preparation concept. The novel reactor heads offer the advantage that the distribution of the separate gas streams into the different monolith channels is more flexible and a more uniform flow profile can be achieved over the monolith cross section.
Evidence that <i>Equine Rhinitis A Virus</i> VP1 Is a Target of Neutralizing Antibodies and Participates Directly in Receptor Binding (2001)

ABSTRACT Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is a respiratory pathogen of horses and is classified as an Aphthovirus , the only non- Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) member of this genus. In FMDV, virion protein 1 (VP1) is a major target of protective antibodies and is responsible for viral attachment to permissive cells via an RGD motif located in a distal surface loop. Although both viruses share considerable sequence identity, ERAV VP1 does not contain an RGD motif. To investigate antibody and receptor-binding properties of ERAV VP1, we have expressed full-length ERAV VP1 in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S -transferase (GST) fusion protein (GST-VP1). GST-VP1 reacted specifically with antibodies present in serum from a rabbit immunized with purified ERAV virions and also in convalescent-phase sera from horses experimentally infected with ERAV. An antiserum raised in rabbits to GST-VP1 reacted strongly with viral VP1 and effectively neutralized ERAV infection in vitro. Using a flow cytometry-based binding assay, we found that GST-VP1, but not other GST fusion proteins, bound to cell surface receptors. This binding was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of purified ERAV virions, demonstrating the specificity of this interaction. A separate cell-binding assay also implicated GST-VP1 in receptor binding. Importantly, anti-GST-VP1 antibodies inhibited the binding of ERAV virions to Vero cells, suggesting that these antibodies exert their neutralizing effect by blocking viral attachment. Thus ERAV VP1, like its counterpart in FMDV, appears to be both a target of protective antibodies and involved directly in receptor binding. This study reveals the potential of recombinant VP1 molecules to serve as vaccines and diagnostic reagents for the control of ERAV infections.
Detecting actionable items in meetings by convolutional deep structured semantic models (2015)

The recent success of voice interaction with smart devices (human-machine genre) and improvements in speech recognition for conversational speech show the possibility of conversation-related applications. This paper investigates the task of actionable item detection in meetings (human-human genre), where the intelligent assistant dynamically provides the participants access to information (e.g. scheduling a meeting, taking notes) without interrupting the meetings. A convolutional deep structured semantic model (CDSSM) is applied to learn the latent semantics for human actions and utterances from human-machine (source genre) and human-human (target) interactions. Furthermore, considering the mismatch between source and target genre and scarcity of annotated data sets for the target genre, we develop adaptation techniques that adjust the learned embeddings to better fit the target genre. Experiments show that CDSSM performs better for actionable item detection compared to baselines using lexical features (27.5% relative) and other semantic features (15.9% relative) when the source genre and target genre match with each other. When the target genre mismatches with the source genre, our proposed adaptation techniques further improve the performance. The discussion and analysis of the experiments provide a reasonable direction for such an actionable item detection task1.
Body Mass Index Effect on Differing Responses to Psychological Stress in Blood Glucose Dynamics in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2018)

Findings suggest that (1) stress has both behavioral and nonbehavioral glycemic effects on T1D patients and (2) the direction and magnitude of these effects are potentially influenced by level of stress and patient BMI. Possibly responsible for these observed effects are T1D/BMI related alterations in endocrine response.
Optoelectronic techniques for high-speed digital testing applications (1992)

The potential of electro-optic techniques for application to the testing of high-speed digital electronics is explored. The generic problem of digital testing is discussed along with the requirements for a 2-GHz testing scenario. A testing procedure appropriate for high-speed digital testing is described and the motivation for investigating optical techniques is discussed. A generalized optical architecture for generating, setting, and providing the high-speed digital input data to the device under test (DUT) is presented along with two candidate optical techniques for generating high-speed pulses. This is followed by a description of an optical architecture that is appropriate for receiving and comparing the DUT output signals. Low-cost programmable, picosecond-type delay lines and programmable time-division fiber optic multiplexers necessary for controlling the rate and timing of the input/output data are also presented.
Physics-Based Detection of Radioactive Contraband: A Sequential Bayesian Approach (2009)

The timely and accurate detection of nuclear contraband is an extremely important problem of national security. The development of a prototype sequential Bayesian processor that incorporates the underlying physics of ¿-ray emissions and the measurement of photon energies and their interarrival times that offers a physics-based approach to attack this challenging problem is described. A basic radionuclide representation in terms of its ¿-ray energies along with photon interarrival times is used to extract the physics information available from the uncertain measurements. It is shown that not only does this approach lead to a physics-based structure that can be used to develop an effective threat detection technique, but also motivates the implementation of this approach using advanced sequential Monte Carlo processors or particle filters to extract the required information. The resulting processor is applied to experimental data to demonstrate its feasibility.
Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Lung Regeneration (2015)

The discovery of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs) has ushered in an exciting new era of regenerative medicine. Human pluripotent stem cells can be "directed" in vitro toward lung epithelium by applying specific stepwise combinations of growth factors that recapitulate the molecular mechanisms of respiratory development in animal models. In a relatively short time, there has been significant progress in deriving lung epithelium from ESCs/iPSCs. These directed differentiation protocols include high concentrations of activin A to induce definitive endoderm followed by dual inhibition of bone morphogenic protein and TGF-β signaling pathways to produce anterior foregut endoderm. Subsequent stimulation of Wnt, bone morphogenic protein, and fibroblast growth factor signaling leads to lung epithelial lineage specification, identified by the expression of Nkx2.1. These cells subsequently express other markers of the developing lung and a variety of lung epithelial subtypes. The major limitation in the field currently is deriving and characterizing mature, functional lung epithelium. The generation of iPSCs is now well established, and researchers have generated iPSCs from patients with acquired and inherited lung diseases. This platform offers unparalleled opportunities to model lung development and disease using human cells.
Quantifier Elimination by Dependency Sequents (2012)

We consider the problem of existential quantifier elimination for Boolean formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). We present a new method for solving this problem called Derivation of Dependency-Sequents (DDS). A Dependency-sequent (D-sequent) is used to record that a set of quantified variables is redundant under a partial assignment. We introduce a resolution-like operation called join that produces a new D-sequent from two existing D-sequents. We also show that DDS is compositional, i.e. if our input formula is a conjunction of independent formulas, DDS automatically recognizes and exploits this information. We introduce an algorithm based on DDS and present experimental results demonstrating its potential.
Clinical Aspects of Parathyroid Hypertensive Factor (1994)

To determine the clinical significance of parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF), physiological studies previously performed in animal models of hypertension were parallelled by human studies. These studies revealed that PHF-like activity is present in human hypertension, where it correlates with the salt-sensitive, low-renin state. As in spontaneously hypertensive rats, both supplemental calcium and calcium-channel blockers appear to be useful in the treatment of PHF-related hypertension. In primary hyperparathyroid patients, PHF presence is linked with the presence of hypertension. Postparathyroidectomy blood pressure falls in parallel with PHF levels. These preliminary human studies suggest that PHF may be a useful marker in the treatment of hypertension.
A human D1 dopamine receptor gene is located on chromosome 5 at q35.1 and identifies an EcoRI RFLP. (1990)

Dopaminergic neurons have been shown to affect voluntary movement, hormone secretion, and emotional tone. Mediating these activities are two receptor subtypes, D1 and D2, which are biochemically and pharmacologically distinct. The D1 subtype, the most abundant form of dopamine receptor in the central nervous system, stimulates adenylate cyclase, modulates D2 receptor activity, regulates neuron growth and differentiation, and mediates several behavioral responses. Recently we reported the cloning of a human D1 dopamine receptor gene (DRD1). High-stringency hybridization of the DRD1 clone to human genomic blots suggests that DRD1 is single copy. When used to probe a Southern blot made with DNAs from a rodent-human somatic cell hybrid panel, DRD1 hybridized to a 6.5-kb EcoRI restriction fragment which was assigned to chromosome 5. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of this gene to human metaphase chromosomes refined the location of DRD1 to 5q35.1. A search for RFLPs associated with DRD1 identified a two-allele EcoRI RFLP, allowing confirmation of DRD1's localization by linkage analysis in Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain families.