gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Esophageal and Gastric Pressure Measurements (2005)

The measurement of esophageal and gastric pressures with balloon-tipped catheters has been used with great success over the past half century to delineate the physiology of the mechanical respiratory system. Pleural pressure and abdominal pressure values estimated from esophageal and gastric pressure measurements allow analysis of lung and chest wall compliance, as well as work of breathing, respiratory muscle function, and the presence of diaphragm paralysis. Although much of the use of these measurement techniques has been in the clinical laboratory, to improve the understanding of basic physiologic mechanisms, the techniques have also been used in clinical situations to diagnose diaphragm paralysis, assess the work of breathing during mechanical ventilation, and estimate pulmonary compliance. In this article I review the historical background, physiology, placement techniques, and potential clinical applications of esophageal and gastric pressure measurements. In addition, I will briefly review the measurement of bladder pressure, which is a related topic.
Direct Electrical Communication between Graphite Electrodes and Surface Adsorbed Glucose Oxidase/Redox Polymer Complexes (1990)

The electrodes mentioned in the title can respond to temporal changes in glucose concentration in less than a second. They consist of the redox terpolymer 1, which is tightly adsorbed on graphite and which, in turn, adsorbs glucose-oxidase. The redox centers of the polymer can thereby reach into the neighborhood of the redox center of the enzyme. If the electrodes are kept at the redox potential of the polymer (ca. 0.25 V vs. SCE) or above, a current flows from the enzyme-bound glucose via enzyme and polymer to the electrodes.
Life (2021)

This chapter provides an overview of Roth’s life, focusing on the author's upbringing in the Weequahic neighborhood of Newark, his education at Bucknell University and University of Chicago, his first forays into publication, his teaching positions at the Iowa Writers Workshop and University of Pennsylvania, his marriages, health struggles, and the significant peaks and valleys of his career, from critical setbacks to major awards and recognitions, including The Pulitzer Prize, National Book Awards, and PEN/Faulkner awards.
Hand Gesture Recognition for Sign Language Transcription (2017)

Sign Language is a language which allows mute people to communicate with other mute or non-mute people. The benefits provided by this language, however, disappear when one of the members of a group does not know Sign Language and a conversation starts using that language. In this document, I present a system that takes advantage of Convolutional Neural Networks to recognize hand letter and number gestures from American Sign Language based on depth images captured by the Kinect camera. In addition, as a byproduct of these research efforts, I collected a new dataset of depth images of American Sign Language letters and numbers, and I compared the presented method for image recognition against a similar dataset but for Vietnamese Sign Language. Finally, I present how this work supports my ideas for the future work on a complete system for Sign Language transcription.
Polaron-pair generation in poly(phenylene vinylenes) (1992)

The effects of weak magnetic fields on the photoconductivity of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and two derivatives, poly(1,4-phenylene-1,2-dimethoxyphenyl vinylene) (DMOP-PPV) and poly(2-phenyl-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (PPPV), were observed within the temperature range 130--350 K. These effects are attributed to the formation of interchain pairs involving a negative polaron and a positive polaron. A polaron pair is formed as a result of interchain electron transfer from a molecular exciton. The lifetime of a pair is estimated to be within the range of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8--}$${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}$ s. Thermal dissociation of a polaron pair produces free charge carriers, and recombination of the pair regenerates a singlet or triplet exciton on a single conjugated segment of a chain.
Induction of Glutathione S-transferase Activity in Triatoma infestans (1997)

Several synthetic pesticides and allelochemicals used to treat Triatoma infestans adults by topic application showed some degree of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) induction. General inducers of detoxication systems such as phenobarbital and 3-methylcholantrene topically applied on T. infestans resulted in no GST induction. Meanwhile, general insecticide synergist such as piperonyl butoxide (160 micrograms/insect) increased the GST-activity in the range of 120-140%. Insects injected with reduced glutathione (300 mg/insect) presented at the forth day elevated GST activity.
The disposal of cremation ashes in tourism settings: practices, impacts and management (2022)

Although research into the relationship between tourism and death has predominantly focused on dark tourism, tourism scholars are exploring other forms of association between the two. In this context, this paper focuses on a little-researched practice in tourism studies: the scattering of cremation ashes in spaces used for tourism and leisure. This is not a universal practice, and it may only be commonplace in countries with permissive legislation regarding the ‘disposal’ of cremation ashes. After considering the disposal of ashes in historical context, we examine practices of ashes scattering in three types of tourism setting: visitor attractions, areas of managed countryside, and sports grounds/stadia. We explore the range of management responses to scattering, ranging from outright prohibition, to treating the practice as a form of revenue generation. We also consider the dissonance that can arise from ashes scattering, particularly the emotional impact on other leisure users of an encounter with human remains, but also the emotional labour demanded of employees who are required to manage this practice. The paper identifies a number of future research directions intended to throw more light on the practices and implications of scattering cremation ashes in tourism and leisure settings.
Circular phase mask for control and stabilization of single optical filaments (2006)

We experimentally demonstrate an efficient way to control and stabilize single optical filaments initiated by ultrashort laser pulses in a rare gas medium. This is done by the application of a stationary two-dimensional phase mask to the laser beam prior to focusing. Simple circular phase-step patterns of a given radius and relative phase are sufficient to stabilize the pointing of the filament output and to optimize the spectral bandwidth of the light without any resulting loss of input laser power.
Room-Temperature Spin Hall Effect in Graphene/MoS<sub>2</sub> van der Waals Heterostructures (2019)

Graphene is an excellent material for long-distance spin transport but allows little spin manipulation. Transition-metal dichalcogenides imprint their strong spin-orbit coupling into graphene via the proximity effect, and it has been predicted that efficient spin-to-charge conversion due to spin Hall and Rashba-Edelstein effects could be achieved. Here, by combining Hall probes with ferromagnetic electrodes, we unambiguously demonstrate experimentally the spin Hall effect in graphene induced by MoS<sub>2</sub> proximity and for varying temperatures up to room temperature. The fact that spin transport and the spin Hall effect occur in different parts of the same material gives rise to a hitherto unreported efficiency for the spin-to-charge voltage output. Additionally, for a single graphene/MoS<sub>2</sub> heterostructure-based device, we evidence a superimposed spin-to-charge current conversion that can be indistinguishably associated with either the proximity-induced Rashba-Edelstein effect in graphene or the spin Hall effect in MoS<sub>2</sub>. By a comparison of our results to theoretical calculations, the latter scenario is found to be the most plausible one. Our findings pave the way toward the combination of spin information transport and spin-to-charge conversion in two-dimensional materials, opening exciting opportunities in a variety of future spintronic applications.
A genistein-enriched diet neither improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity nor prevents the transition towards advanced insulin resistance in ZDF rats (2016)

Genistein, a natural food compound mainly present in soybeans, is considered a potent antioxidant and to improve glucose homeostasis. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed whether genistein could antagonize the progression of the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic state (pre-diabetes) toward full-blown T2DM in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats by decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress and improving skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Rats were assigned to three groups: (1) lean control (CNTL), (2) fa/fa CNTL, and (3) fa/fa genistein (GEN). GEN animals were subjected to a 0.02% (w/w) genistein-enriched diet for 8 weeks, whereas CNTL rats received a standard diet. We show that genistein did not affect the overall response to a glucose challenge in ZDF rats. In fact, genistein may exacerbate glucose intolerance as fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in fa/fa GEN (17.6 ± 0.7 mM) compared with fa/fa CNTL animals (14.9 ± 1.4 mM). Oxidative stress, established by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, carbonylated protein content and UCP3 levels, remained unchanged upon dietary genistein supplementation. Furthermore, respirometry measurements revealed no effects of genistein on mitochondrial function. In conclusion, dietary genistein supplementation did not improve glucose homeostasis, alleviate oxidative stress, or augment skeletal muscle metabolism in ZDF rats.
Local minimum generation error criterion for hybrid HMM speech synthesis (2009)

This paper presents an HMM-driven hybrid speech synthesis\napproach in which unit selection concatenative synthesis is used\nto improve the quality of the statistical system using a Local\nMinimum Generation Error (LMGE) during the synthesis stage.\nThe idea behind this approach is to combine the robustness due\nto HMMs with the naturalness of concatenated units. Unlike\nthe conventional hybrid approaches to speech synthesis that use\nconcatenative synthesis as a backbone, the proposed system employs stable regions of natural units to improve the statistically\ngenerated parameters. We show that this approach improves the\ngeneration of vocal tract parameters, smoothes the bad joints\nand increases the overall quality.
Heterogeneity of interferon mRNA species from Sendai virus-induced human Iymphoblastoid (Namalva) cells and Newcastle disease virus-induced murine fibroblastoid (L) cells (1981)

Cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA preparations obtained from Sendai-induced human lymphoblastoid (Namalva) cells and from Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced murine (L) cells were denatured in 10-12.5 mM CH3HgOH and then electrophoresed in 2% agarose tube gels containing 10 mM CH3HgOH, the RNA eluted from gel slices and translationally active interferon mRNA species located using the Xenopus oocyte assay. The interferons synthesized were characterized as alpha or beta types based on neutralization tests using specific antisera against human or murine interferon-alpha and interferon-beta. At least two species of mRNA for human interferon-alpha and two for human interferon-beta were detected in RNA from Sendai-induced Namalva cells. These are (approximate mRNA length in parentheses) alpha (1.3 kb), alpha (1.9 kb), beta (1.1 kb) and beta (1.9 kb). Two populations of murine interferon mRNA of lengths approximately 1.4 kb and 3 kb were detected in mRNA preparations from NDV-induced L cells by electrophoresis. However, since the translation products of each of these two populations of mRNA consist of both murine interferon-alpha and murine interferon-beta it is likely that both the 1.4 kb and 3 kb populations contain at least one species each of murine interferon-alpha and murine interferon-beta mRNA.
Base excision repair of U:G mismatches at a mutational hotspot in the p53 gene is more efficient than base excision repair of T:G mismatches in extracts of human colon tumors. (1995)

Approximately 50% of mutations that inactivate the p53 tumor suppressor gene in the germline and in colon tumors are C to T transitions at methylation sites (CpG sites). These mutations are believed to be caused by an endogenous mechanism and spontaneous deamination of 5-methyl-cytosine to T is likely to contribute significantly to this high mutation rate. The resulting T:G mismatches created by this process have been hypothesized to be less efficiently repaired than U:G mismatches formed by deamination of C. We have, therefore, performed the first study to directly compare rates of T:G versus U:G base excision repair at identical sites observed to be mutated in the p53 gene using extracts of human normal colon mucosa and colon carcinoma tissue. Mismatched U was excised up to 6000-fold more efficiently than T, suggesting that differences in repair efficiencies are the major source of C to T transition mutations at CpG sites in human tissues. The data also suggests that T:G mismatches are repaired by additional mechanisms in human cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Peptides (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RHEOLOGY OF LIQUID FOODS ‐ A REVIEW<sup>1</sup> (1977)

ABSTRACT Liquid foods are classified and their properties discussed under various types of rheological behavior: Newtonian, pseudoplastic, shear thickening, thixotropic, and viscoelastic. Rheological data on selected liquid foods are summarized in either tabular form or in the form of equations. Wherever possible the influence of temperature, constituents, and structure on the rheological behavior is detailed. Because many foods are suspensions, the measurement of flow properties of suspensions and factors influencing their rheological behavior are also covered. Finally, the relationship between the flow behavior and the sensory evaluation of mouth feel and viscosity is discussed.
[Prokaryotic expression, purification and antigenicity identification of human GRP78 protein]. (2011)

The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1-GRP78 has been constructed successfully. The purified GRP78 has been obtained with good antigenicity, which will be used for GRP78-based serum diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Localized spin-wave excitation by the evanescent microwave scanning probe (2006)

We report a technique for the local contactless spin-wave excitation using the evanescent microwave scanning probe. Our probe is based on a dielectric resonator with the thin slit aperture. It operates at 8.8 GHz, has a spatial resolution of 10–100μm, and may be operated in the parallel and in the perpendicular magnetic field. The measurements can be performed in contact mode or by scanning the sample at constant probe-sample separation. Using 120–150 nm thick Permalloy films on a glass substrate as test samples, we show how our technique can be used for thickness measurements of thin magnetic films and for the mapping of their magnetic properties, such as magnetization and surface anisotropy.
Is the central nervous system a reservoir of HIV-1? (2014)

Together, these findings provide evidence that the CNS can potentially act as a viral reservoir of HIV-1. However, the majority of these studies were performed in historical cohorts (absence of combination antiretroviral therapy or presence of viral load), which do not reflect modern day patients (combination antiretroviral therapy-treated and undetectable viral load). Future studies will need to examine patient samples with these characteristics to conclusively determine whether the CNS represents a relevant and important viral reservoir.
Designing Rich Internet Applications with Web Engineering Methodologies (2007)

Nowadays, Rich Internet Applications are gaining ground thanks to the facilities they provide to develop Web applications with multimedia, high levels of interactivity, collaborative work, and/or homogeneous presentation requirements at the client side. However, this new kind of Web applications currently lacks complete methodologies and models which aid its design and development. This paper introduces the concepts at the base of Rich Internet Applications to take full advantage of their new capacities, and proposes an integrated Web Engineering approach based on the WebML and the RUX-Model conceptual models for supporting a high-level design of these applications and their automatic code generation.
Effect of Concanavalin A on Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Maturation (1977)

Addition of concanavalin A to BHK cell monolayers infected with vesicular stomatitis virus prevented the formation of mature virus particles. In these cells the virus glycoprotein (G) was inserted into the plasma membrane and the protein that is in close association with the ribonucleic acid, protein N, was found in the cytoplasm. At times when cells infected in the absence of the lectin were liberating virus into the supernatant medium, the M or matrix protein was found in association with the plasma membrane of the lectin-treated cells. The removal of the lectin from the cells with alpha-methyl-D-glucoside 3 h after infection was followed by the immediate release of mature virus particles. The rate of virus release from these cells was the same as that from cells infected in the absence of the lectin. Addition of cycloheximide, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, immediately after alpha-methyl-D-glucoside treatment of the cells did not alter the rate of virus production, suggesting that the proteins required for virus synthesis were available in the lectin-treated cells and that virus assembly took place without further protein synthesis on removal of the lectin.
Towards Context-aware Interaction Recognition (2017)

Recognizing how objects interact with each other is a crucial task in visual recognition. If we define the context of the interaction to be the objects involved, then most current methods can be categorized as either: (i) training a single classifier on the combination of the interaction and its context; or (ii) aiming to recognize the interaction independently of its explicit context. Both methods suffer limitations: the former scales poorly with the number of combinations and fails to generalize to unseen combinations, while the latter often leads to poor interaction recognition performance due to the difficulty of designing a context-independent interaction classifier. To mitigate those drawbacks, this paper proposes an alternative, context-aware interaction recognition framework. The key to our method is to explicitly construct an interaction classifier which combines the context, and the interaction. The context is encoded via word2vec into a semantic space, and is used to derive a classification result for the interaction. The proposed method still builds one classifier for one interaction (as per type (ii) above), but the classifier built is adaptive to context via weights which are context dependent. The benefit of using the semantic space is that it naturally leads to zero-shot generalizations in which semantically similar contexts (subjectobject pairs) can be recognized as suitable contexts for an interaction, even if they were not observed in the training set.
Gene therapy for malignant melanoma (1997)

O'Rourke, MGE; Parkes, J; Nicholson, V; Bell, J; DuBois, R; Schmidt, C W; Down, M; Bloch, N; Vladimirova, V; Ellem, KAO; Thomas, R; Drayer, J; Mulligan, R Author Information
Second‐order nonlinear optical properties of a chromophore‐functionalized polypeptide (1996)

The attachment of a nonlinear optical chromophore to a polypeptide backbone yields a structure in which the chromophores are oriented non‐centrosymmetrically, likely due to the supramolecular helix structure of the polypeptide. This structure exhibits enhanced nonlinear optical properties and can be easily poled in an electrostatic field. The result demonstrates the great potential of supramolecular engineering for optimizing NLO properties.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the complement resistance gene from plasmid R100 (1982)

The multiple antibiotic resistance plasmid R100 renders Escherichia coli resistant to the bactericidal action of serum complement. We constructed a plasmid (pOW3) consisting of a 1,900-base-pair-long restriction fragment from R100 joined to a 2,900-base-pair-long fragment of pBR322 carrying ampicillin resistance. E. coli strains carrying pOW3 or R100 were up to 10,000-fold less sensitive to killing by serum complement than were plasmid-free bacteria or bacteria carrying pBR322. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that 875 of the 1,900 bases from R100 correspond exactly to part of the bacterial insertion sequence IS2. The remaining 1,075 bases contained only one sizeable open reading frame; it covered 729 base pairs (243 amino acids) and was preceded by nucleotide sequences characteristic of bacterial promoters and ribosome binding sites. The first 20 amino acids of the predicted protein showed features characteristic of a signal sequence. The remainder of the predicted protein showed an amino acid composition almost identical with that determined for the traT protein from the E. coli F factor. Southern blot analysis showed that the resistance gene from R100 does not hybridize to the serum resistance gene from ColV,I-K94 isolated by Binns et al.; we concluded that these genes are distinct.
Pharmacological studies of lappaconitine. Analgesia produced by intracerebroventricular, intracisternal and intrathecal injections. (1990)

The antinociceptive effects of lappaconitine (LA) and morphine (MOR) when injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), intracisternally (i.cist.) or intrathecally (i.t.) were investigated in mice by use of the tail pinch, hot plate and acetic acid-induced writhing tests. In addition, the effects of naloxone (NLX) administered subcutaneously on the antinociceptive action of LA and MOR were studied. LA and MOR after i.c.v., i.cist. and i.t. injection produced dose-dependent antinociception. MOR was more potent in the tail pinch and acetic acid-induced writhing tests by i.t. injection than by i.c.v. or i.cist. injection, but the potency in the hot plate test was independent of the injection site. On the other hand, like MOR, LA was more potent after i.t. injection than after i.c.v. or i.cist. injection in the tail pinch and acetic acid-induced writhing test. Its antinociceptive action was less potent than that of MOR. The antinociceptive actions of MOR were antagonized by NLX (1 mg/kg, s.c.) in every test and injection site, whereas the antinociceptive actions of LA were not inhibited, except for the antinociception on the tail pinch test, which was partially antagonized by NLX. It is suggested that LA mainly produced an NLX-resistant antinociceptive effect at the spinal site.