gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passively mode-locked Nd:glass laser oscillator optimized for TEM00 selectivity and long term stability and reliability (1981)

A passively mode-locked Nd:glass laser oscillator optimized for TEM00 selectivity and long term stability and reliability is presented. The important aspects of the optimized design are explained in detail. A detailed alignment procedure is also included. This laser oscillator is capable of producing TEM00, bandwidth-limited, ≃9 picosecond pulses for ⩾12 hours.
Differentiation and expansion of endothelial cells from human bone marrow CD133<sup>+</sup> cells (2001)

We report a method of purifying, characterizing and expanding endothelial cells (ECs) derived from CD133(+) bone marrow cells, a subset of CD34(+) haematopoietic progenitors. Isolated using immunomagnetic sorting (mean purity 90 +/- 5%), the CD133(+) bone marrow cells were grown on fibronectin-coated flasks in M199 medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF-1). The CD133(+) fraction contained 95 +/- 4% CD34(+) cells, 3 +/- 2% cells expressing VEGF receptor (VEGFR-2/KDR), but did not express von Willebrand factor (VWF), VE-cadherin, P1H12 or TE-7. After 3 weeks of culture, the cells formed a monolayer with a typical EC morphology and expanded 11 +/- 5 times. The cells were further purified using Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1)-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and anti-FITC microbeads, and expanded with VEGF for a further 3 weeks. All of the cells were CD45(-) and CD14(-), and expressed several endothelial markers (UEA-1, VWF, P1H12, CD105, E-selectin, VCAM-1 and VE-cadherin) and typical Weibel-Palade bodies. They had a high proliferative potential (up to a 2400-fold increase in cell number after 3 weeks of culture) and the capacity to modulate cell surface antigens upon stimulation with inflammatory cytokines. Purified ECs were also co-cultivated with CD34(+) cells, in parallel with a purified fibroblastic cell monolayer. CD34(+) cells (10 x 10(5)) gave rise to 17,951 +/- 2422 CFU-GM colonies when grown on endothelial cells, and to 12,928 +/- 4415 CFU-GM colonies on fibroblast monolayers. The ECs also supported erythroid blast-forming unit (BFU-E) colonies better. These results suggest that bone marrow CD133(+) progenitor cells can give rise to highly purified ECs, which have a high proliferative capacity, can be activated by inflammatory cytokines and are superior to fibroblasts in supporting haematopoiesis. Our data support the hypothesis that endothelial cell progenitors are present in adult bone marrow and may contribute to neo-angiogenesis.
Content-Based Image Retrieval for Large Biomedical Image Archives (2004)

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has been a topic of research interest for nearly a decade. Approaches to date use image features for describing content. A survey of the literature shows that progress has been limited to prototype systems that make gross assumptions and approximations. Additionally, research attention has been largely focused on stock image collections. Advances in medical imaging have led to growth in large image collections. At the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communication, an R&D division of the National Library of Medicine, we are conducting research on CBIR for biomedical images. We maintain an archive of over 17,000 digitized x-rays of the cervical and lumbar spine from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). In addition, we are developing an archive of a large number of digitized 35 mm color slides of the uterine cervix. Our research focuses on developing techniques for hybrid text/image query-retrieval from the survey text and image data. In this paper we present the challenges in developing CBIR of biomedical images and results from our research efforts.
Blockade of the NMDA receptor increases developmental apoptotic elimination of granule neurons and activates caspases in the rat cerebellum (2000)

Elimination of neurons produced in excess naturally occurs during brain development through programmed cell death. Among the many survival factors affecting this process, a role for neurotransmitters acting on specific receptors has been suggested. We have performed an in vivo pharmacological blockade of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors, using the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist CGP 39551 at developmental stages corresponding to those at which a survival dependence on the stimulation of this receptor has been demonstrated for cerebellar granule neurons explanted in culture (typically from postnatal day 7 to postnatal day 11 or 13). We were able to demonstrate an increased level of DNA fragmentation in the cerebellum of the treated rats. At the P11 stage, in particular, the fragmented DNA extracted from the cerebellum of CGP 39551-treated pups showed a clear laddering of nucleosomal fragments after agarose-gel electrophoresis. Accordingly, in situ TUNEL technique showed a remarkable increase of cells positive for nucleosomal DNA fragmentation, particularly in the inner granular layer of the cerebellum of treated rats at P11 stage. Therefore, the natural rate of apoptotic elimination of cerebellar granule neurons is considerably enhanced under conditions of pharmacological blockade of the NMDA receptor, thus demonstrating, for the first time in vivo, a clear survival dependence of these neurons upon the stimulation of the NMDA receptor. Concomitantly with the increased rate of apoptotic elimination of granule neurons, the activity of two death proteases of the caspase family, in particular of caspase 3 and caspase 1 at a lower extent, was remarkably increased in the cerebellum of the treated rats. On the contrary, a marker related to the normal differentiation process of granule neurons, the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, was strongly decreased in its activity in the cerebellum of treated rat pups.
An Experimental Study on the Bending Process of Stainless Steel Sheets (1999)

An experimental study has been carried out to reduce bending load, surface roughness and springback in bending process of stainless steel sheets. A U-bending test has been performed to investigate appropriate process parameters for getting better surfaces and accurate dimensions of stainless steel products. In the test, selected process parameters are die material, lubricant, and die clearance. Die materials used in the test are STD11(HRC60), STD11(TiCN), and AMPCO. From the test results, we can suggest that AMPCO dies are most suitable for reducing bending load and surface roughness of stainless steel sheets. And STD11 dies are favorable for avoiding spring-back in the stainless steel sheet-bending.
Pyridazines. <b>XXXVII</b>. Novel triazanaphthalene derivatives <i>via</i> intramolecular cyclization reactions of <i>vic</i>‐disubstituted pyridazines (1988)

Abstract 8‐Phenylpyrido[3,4‐ d ]pyridazines bearing various amino substituents at C‐5 ( 7a‐d, 8 ) were prepared from ethyl 5‐benzyl‐4‐pyridazinecarboxylate 1 via the fused pyridone 5 . The isomeric 4‐phenylpyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyridazines having the amino functions attached to C‐2 ( 10a‐f ) were obtained by a one‐pot cyclization of the amino ketone 1 with appropriate acetamide acetals. These novel triazanaphthalene derivatives are of interest as analogues of diuretic and antithrombotic agents.
Chitosan-Coated Flexible Liposomes Magnify the Anticancer Activity and Bioavailability of Docetaxel: Impact on Composition (2019)

Flexible liposomes (FLs) were developed as promising nano-carriers for anticancer drugs. Coating them with chitosan (CS) could improve their drug delivery properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics behavior, and cytotoxic efficacy of docetaxel (DTX)-loaded CS-coated FLs (C-FLs). DTX-loaded FLs and C-FLs were produced via thin-film evaporation and electrostatic deposition methods, respectively. To explore their physicochemical characterization, the particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), morphology, and DTX release profiles were determined. In addition, pharmacokinetic studies were performed, and cytotoxic effect was assessed using colon cancer cells (HT29). Various FLs, dependent on the type of surfactant, were formed with particle sizes in the nano-range, 137.6 ± 6.3 to 238.2 ± 14.2 nm, and an EE% of 59⁻94%. Moreover, the zeta potential shifted from a negative to a positive value for C-FL with increased particle size and EE%, and the in vitro sustained-release profiles of C-FL compared to those of FL were evident. The optimized C-FL containing sodium deoxycholate (NDC) and dicetyl phosphate (DP) elicited enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters and cytotoxic efficiency compared to those of the uncoated ones and Onkotaxel<sup>®</sup>. In conclusion, this approach offers a promising solution for DTX delivery.
Measuring and Modeling Repeat and Near-Repeat Burglary Effects (2009)

We develop a mathematical framework aimed at analyzing repeat and near-repeat effects in crime data. Parsing burglary data from Long Beach, CA according to different counting methods, we determine the probability distribution functions for the time interval τ between repeat offenses. We then compare these observed distributions to theoretically derived distributions in which the repeat effects are due solely to persistent risk heterogeneity. We find that risk heterogeneity alone cannot explain the observed distributions, while a form of event dependence (boosts) can. Using this information, we model repeat victimization as a series of random events, the likelihood of which changes each time an offense occurs. We are able to estimate typical time scales for repeat burglary events in Long Beach by fitting our data to this model. Computer simulations of this model using these observed parameters agree with the empirical data.
Chemistry and Lithography (2010)

Here the boundaries meet and all contradictions exist side by side.
Failure-Resilient Computations in the EcliPSe System (1994)

Local or wide-area connected workstation cluster-based computation systems are inherently failure-prone, particularly for long running computations. In this work we introduce a variety of features for failure resilience in the EcliPSe system for replicative applications. Key characteristics of fault-tolerant EcliPSe are ease of use, low statesaving costs, system scalability and good performance.
Application of via post interconnection for build up printed circuit board (2002)

Recently, printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been downsized and electronic circuits have become more dense, because of the tendency for electronic component miniaturization. With the shrinkage of PCBs, the build up process has become an important production technique in PCB preparation. For the build up technique, each of the electric circuit layers is electrically connected with via holes. The via holes are metallized by means of electroless plating and electroplating of copper. In the electroless plating process with miniaturization of via hole diameter, if the via hole deposition uniformity is decreased, the electrical reliability between the layers significantly deteriorates. Accordingly, the authors investigated build up printed circuit boards using via posts, which are metallized using the Cu electroplating method. The shear strength between electroplated via posts and electrolessly plated underlayers was evaluated. It was found that electroplated via posts with higher shear strength are obtained by optimization of the pretreatment process and electroplating conditions. In particular, it was important that oxide films on the copper underlayer were removed for improved shear strength.
Rice C2-Domain Proteins Are Induced and Translocated to the Plasma Membrane in Response to a Fungal Elicitor (2003)

Hundreds of proteins involved in signaling pathways contain a Ca(2+)-dependent membrane-binding motif called the C2-domain. However, no small C2-domain proteins consisting of a single C2-domain have been reported in animal cells. We have isolated two cDNA clones, OsERG1a and OsERG1b, that encode two small C2-domain proteins of 156 and 159 amino acids, respectively, from a fungal elicitor-treated rice cDNA library. The clones are believed to have originated from a single gene by alternative splicing. Transcript levels of the OsERG1 gene are dramatically elevated by a fungal elicitor prepared from Magnaporthe grisea or by Ca(2+) ions. The OsERG1 protein produced in Escherichia coli binds to phospholipid vesicles in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and is translocated to the plasma membrane of plant cells by treatment with either a fungal elicitor or a Ca(2+) ionophore. These results suggest that OsERG1 proteins containing a single C2-domain are involved in plant defense signaling systems.
Amorfrutin C Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation in Colon Cancer Cells through Targeting Mitochondria (2016)

A known (1) and a structurally related new natural product (2), both belonging to the amorfrutin benzoic acid class, were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza foetida. Compound 1 (amorfrutin B) is an efficient agonist of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and of other PPAR subtypes. Compound 2 (amorfrutin C) showed comparably lower PPAR activation potential. Amorfrutin C exhibited striking antiproliferative effects for human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29 and T84), prostate cancer (PC-3), and breast cancer (MCF7) cells (IC50 values ranging from 8 to 16 μM in these cancer cell lines). Notably, amorfrutin C (2) showed less potent antiproliferative effects in primary colon cells. For HT-29 cells, compound 2 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and modulated protein expression of key cell cycle modulators. Amorfrutin C further induced apoptotic events in HT-29 cells, including caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, phosphatidylserine externalization, and formation of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2 disrupts the mitochondrial integrity by depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane (IC50 0.6 μM) and permanent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, leading to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification. Structure-activity-relationship experiments revealed the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group residues of 2 as fundamental structural requirements for inducing these apoptotic effects. Synergy analyses demonstrated stimulation of the death receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, amorfrutin C (2) represents a promising lead for the development of anticancer drugs.
A Dual-Polarized Wideband Planar Phased Array With Spiral Antennas (2014)

The design of a wide bandwidth dual-polarized phased array of Archimedean spiral antennas with cavity is presented. The reflection coefficient, circular polarization and grating lobes are addressed independently in the design process. Uniform concentric rings array is used to control the grating lobes, thanks to its non uniform spatial distribution, and obtain a good circular polarization, thanks to its rotational symmetry. Simulations of one-ring array agree with the measurements. Adding more rings keeps the side lobes level to less than -10 dB, relative to the main lobe. The dual-polarized array can scan up to θ = 30° keeping a low reflection coefficient and low side lobe levels.
Modeling and Characterization of Electroformed MEMS Variable Capacitors for Cobalt Iron Magnetostriction Measurements (2016)

Electroplated CoFe alloys demonstrating Joule magnetostriction (i.e., a large change in material shape induced by an applied magnetic field) have been recently developed for the creation of microfabricated magnetoelastic resonators for tagging applications. This development requires a measurement technique for evaluating film magnetostriction performance to provide feedback for optimization of the electrodeposition process. This technique must be suitable for electrodeposited films in terms of thickness and ease of processing, have the required sensitivity and dynamic range for accurate microstrain measurements in low magnetic fields up to saturation, and be cost competitive with commercial instruments. A new MEMS variable capacitor has been developed for this purpose that incorporates electroformed mechanical and electrical features as well as the electrodeposited film under test. This capacitor has a modeled 3 pF variable range covering microstrains up to 200 ppm. This presentation will cover the design, modeling, and characterization of these capacitors for magnetostriction measurements of CoFeB and CoFe electrodeposited films. This will also include a discussion of a custom printed circuit board for extracting capacitance signals during the magnetic field ramp inside of a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer.
Linked porphyrin systems (1991)

Abstract Porphyrin monomers, 5‐(monopyridyl)‐10,15,20‐(triphenyl)porphyrin ( 1 ), 5,10‐(dipyridyl)‐15,20‐(diphenyl)‐porphyrin ( 2 ), and 5,15‐(dipyridyl)‐10,20‐{diphenyl)porphyrin ( 3 ), were linked by hydrocarbon chains to form a series of dimers, trimers and polymers. The 5‐(monopyridyl)‐10,15,20‐(triphenyl)porphyrin monomers were linked by 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 carbon chains through the alkylation of the pyridine nitrogens using the appropriate diiodoalkane to form positively charged linked dimers 4–8 . A trimer 12 was synthesized from two 5‐(monopyridyl)‐10,15,20‐(triphenyl)porphyrin and one 5,10‐(dipyridyl)‐15,20‐(diphenyl)porphyrin linked by a six carbon chain. Hydrocarbon linked (5,10‐(dipyridyl)‐15,20‐(diphenyl)porphyrin) n ( 13 ) and (5,15‐(dipyridyl)‐10,20‐(diphenyl)porphyrin) n ( 14 ) were also prepared.
Functional Properties and Bitterness of Sodium Caseinate Hydrolysates Prepared with a <i>Bacillus</i> Proteinase (1998)

ABSTRACT The functional and physicochemical characteristics, and bitterness were evaluated on sodium caseinate hydrolysates generated with a commercial Bacillus proteinase complex. At low degrees of hydrolysis (0.5 and 1.0% DH) the hydrolysates compared to the unhydrolyzed substrate had increased emulsion activity at pH 2 and 4. However, higher DH resulted in lower emulsion activities. At pH 8 and 10, the low DH hydrolysates displayed increased foam expansion and decreased foam drainage compared to the starting substrate. The Bacillus proteinase hydrolysates at higher DH had similar bitterness values to tryptic hydrolysates at equivalent DH. However, the Bacillus hydrolysate at 0.5% DH was less bitter (p<0.05) than the tryptic hydrolysate at the same DH.
Protein interactions : Developed from the Symposium on Protein Interactions, held at the 201st annual meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlanta, Ga, USA, April 15-17, 1991 (1992)

Protein interactions - an overview, M.M.G. Koning and Hans Visser hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, C.J. van Oss protein-protein interaction - an ultracentrifugal approach, S. Nakai interactions between phosphoprotein complexes - phosvitin and casein micelles, Athina Tziboula and Douglas Dalgleish different coagulation and gelation modes of casei micelles followed by diffusing wave spectroscopy, Douglas Dalgleish and David Horne heat induced whey protein-casein micelle interactions in milk and gelation of whey protein concentrate, Charles V. Morr heat-induced interactions of milk proteins studies by differential scanning calorimetry, Marie Paulssen and Hans Visser a new casein micelle model and its consequences for pH and temperature effects on the properties of milk, Hans Visser whey protein denaturation in milk protein solutions dependent on the casein/whey protein ratio and its influence of gelation, Jorn Plock et al effects of physico-chemical parameters on heat-induced gel firmness and water holding capacity of whey protein concentrates, P. Gault modelling the gelation of whey protein concentrates using percolation theory, A.J. Steventon et al dissociation of 11 S globulins from plant seeds after succinylation - a problem of subunit interaction, Klaus Dieter Schwenke et al interactions between rapeseed proteins and polyanions, Klaus Dieter Schwenke et al thermal aggregation of oat globulin, C.-Y. Ma and V.P. Harwalkar changes in conformation of globular proteins induced by a non-ionic surface active agent, Pasawadee Pradipasena et al structural and dynamic properties of gelatin solutions and gels, M. Djabourov stabilization and destabilization of protein conformations, Aase Hvidt and Peter Westh subunit assembly and function of phosphofructokinase from baker's yeast, G. Kopperschlaeger et al evaluation of interactions of beta-lactoglobulin by differential scanning calorimetry, V.R. Harwalkar and C.-Y. Ma.
Dealing with Limited Backhaul Capacity in Millimeter-Wave Systems: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach (2019)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology of fifth generation wireless systems to achieve the expected 1000x data rate. With large bandwidth at the mmWave band, the link capacity between users and base stations (BSs) can be much higher compared to sub-6 GHz wireless systems. Meanwhile, due to the high cost of infrastructure upgrade, it would be difficult for operators to drastically enhance the capacity of backhaul links between mmWave BSs and the core network. As a result, the data rate provided by backhaul may not be sufficient to support all mmWave links; hence, the backhaul connection becomes the new bottleneck. On the other hand, as mmWave channels are subject to random blockage, the data rates of mmWave users significantly vary over time. With limited backhaul capacity and highly dynamic data rates of users, how to allocate backhaul resource to each user remains a challenge for mmWave systems. In this article, we present a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to address this challenge. By learning the blockage pattern, the system dynamics can be captured and predicted, resulting in efficient utilization of backhaul resource. We begin with a discussion on DRL and its application in wireless systems. We then investigate the problem of backhaul resource allocation and present the DRL-based solution. Finally, we discuss open problems for future research and conclude this article.
A review of coronary vessel segmentation algorithms (2011)

Coronary heart disease has been one of the main threats to human health. Coronary angiography is taken as the gold standard; for the assessment of coronary artery disease. However, sometimes, the images are difficult to visually interpret because of the crossing and overlapping of vessels in the angiogram. Vessel extraction from X-ray angiograms has been a challenging problem for several years. There are several problems in the extraction of vessels, including: weak contrast between the coronary arteries and the background, unknown and easily deformable shape of the vessel tree, and strong overlapping shadows of the bones. In this article we investigate the coronary vessel extraction and enhancement techniques, and present capabilities of the most important algorithms concerning coronary vessel segmentation.