gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RTFNet: RGB-Thermal Fusion Network for Semantic Segmentation of Urban Scenes (2019)

Semantic segmentation is a fundamental capability for autonomous vehicles. With the advancements of deep learning technologies, many effective semantic segmentation networks have been proposed in recent years. However, most of them are designed using RGB images from visible cameras. The quality of RGB images is prone to be degraded under unsatisfied lighting conditions, such as darkness and glares of oncoming headlights, which imposes critical challenges for the networks that use only RGB images. Different from visible cameras, thermal imaging cameras generate images using thermal radiations. They are able to see under various lighting conditions. In order to enable robust and accurate semantic segmentation for autonomous vehicles, we take the advantage of thermal images and fuse both the RGB and thermal information in a novel deep neural network. The main innovation of this letter is the architecture of the proposed network. We adopt the encoder–decoder design concept. ResNet is employed for feature extraction and a new decoder is developed to restore the feature map resolution. The experimental results prove that our network outperforms the state of the arts.
Hard disk drive bandwidth limitations due to sampling frequency and computational delay (1999)

The improvements in track density and performance expected of future disk drives require increased servo bandwidths. The mechanics are often cited as a bandwidth limiter, but sampling frequency and computational delay also play a part in reducing the achievable bandwidth. To isolate the effects of the sampling frequency and the computational delay, the higher frequency resonances often found in disk drives were ignored, and a simple double-integrator plant model was used for the controller designs. The maximum bandwidths (assuming fixed stability margins) were calculated using two controller types, a second-order lead-lag filter and an H/sub /spl infin// controller, for a range of sampling frequencies and computational delays. The results are summarized in a scaling law that relates the bandwidth to the sampling period, delay time, and an empirically determined constant. The effects of sampling and delay on the sensitivity function, and the implications of the Bode integral theorem, are also discussed.
Towards the smart sensors based human emotion recognition (2012)

A smart sensing system, which would help in detecting human emotions based on information from physiological parameters obtained from sensors, has been designed and developed. Sensors continuously monitor the heart rate, skin conductance and skin temperature. The amplified and filtered signals from the sensors are then processed by a microcontroller and transmitted wirelessly using ZigBee technology. The received signals from the system are displayed and stored on the computer where they are analysed visually for obvious patterns. An algorithm is being developed for automatic recognition of emotions using various clustering techniques. The partial developed system has shown good results in monitoring the physiological parameters.
A visual servoing system for an aquatic swimming robot (2005)

This paper describes a visual servoing system for an underwater legged robotic system named AQUA and initial experiments with the system performed in the open sea. A large class of significant applications can be leveraged by allowing such a robot to follow a diver or some other moving target. The robot uses a suite of sensing technologies, primarily based on computer vision, to allow it to navigate in shallow-water environments. The visual servoing system described here allows the robot to track and follow a given target underwater. The servo package is made up of two distinct parts: a tracker and a feedback controller. The system has been evaluated in the sea water and under natural lighting conditions. The servo system has been tested underwater, and with minor modifications, the system can be used while the robot is walking on the ground as well.
Analgesia and tolerance to intrathecal morphine and norepinephrine infusion via implanted mini-osmotic pumps in the rat (1985)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the duration of analgesia and the development of tolerance following continuous intrathecal administration of morphine and norepinephrine alone, and morphine followed by norepinephrine via mini-osmotic pumps in the rat. Analgesia was assessed by the tail-flick test. In single pump experiments morphine 1 microliter (10 micrograms)/h (7 days) and 0.5 microliter (10 micrograms)/h (14 days) produced analgesia with tolerance by days 5-7. Norepinephrine 1 microliter (15 micrograms)/h (7 days) produced analgesia equivalent to that of morphine with tolerance developing by day 3. Following continuous intrathecal morphine 1 microliter (10 micrograms)/h for 5 days, norepinephrine 1 microliter (15 micrograms)/h for 7 days failed to produce a significant increase in analgesia. This was in contrast to the increase in analgesia seen when the norepinephrine infusion followed a saline infusion. Determination of the norepinephrine concentration in the solution from the osmotic pumps verified that the norepinephrine is stable for the treatment period.
Type I interferon signaling in hematopoietic cells is required for survival in mouse polymicrobial sepsis by regulating CXCL10 (2010)

Type I interferon (IFN) alpha/beta is critical for host defense. During endotoxicosis or highly lethal bacterial infections where systemic inflammation predominates, mice deficient in IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR) display decreased systemic inflammation and improved outcome. However, human sepsis mortality often occurs during a prolonged period of immunosuppression and not from exaggerated inflammation. We used a low lethality cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis to determine the role of type I IFNs in host defense during sepsis. Despite increased endotoxin resistance, IFNAR(-/-) and chimeric mice lacking IFNAR in hematopoietic cells display increased mortality to CLP. This was not associated with an altered early systemic inflammatory response, except for decreased CXCL10 production. IFNAR(-/-) mice display persistently elevated peritoneal bacterial counts compared with wild-type mice, reduced peritoneal neutrophil recruitment, and recruitment of neutrophils with poor phagocytic function despite normal to enhanced adaptive immune function during sepsis. Importantly, CXCL10 treatment of IFNAR(-/-) mice improves survival and decreases peritoneal bacterial loads, and CXCL10 increases mouse and human neutrophil phagocytosis. Using a low lethality sepsis model, we identify a critical role of type I IFN-dependent CXCL10 in host defense during polymicrobial sepsis by increasing neutrophil recruitment and function.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of Dislocations in GaN Layer Grown by Facet-Controlled Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (2001)

We investigated the propagation of the threading dislocations in the GaN layer grown by facet-controlled epitaxial lateral overgrowth (FACELO). The mixed-type dislocations were bent toward the mask areas and they were terminated at the voids on the SiO 2 masks. On the other hand, the pure edge dislocations were bent in the direction of the mask stripe. No dislocations originating from the GaN/sapphire interface propagated to the surface. As a result, it was confirmed that a large reduction of dislocation density was achieved. Therefore, FACELO seems to be a promising technique for the realization of a GaN wafer of low dislocation density.
독일 배아보호법 제3조a에 대한 연구 (2012)

Soll die Praimplantationsdiagnostik (PID) an Embryonen unter strengen Voraussetzungen zulassig sein? In Korea und Deutschand wird...
Plasma levels and antidepressive effect of imipramine (1976)

The relationship between the antidepressive effect of imipramine and the plasma concentrations of imipramine and the active metabolite desipramine was studied in 24 patients suffering from endogenous depression. After a placebo period of 7 days, the patients received imipramine, 75 mg 3 times a day. The dose was reduced in patients with pronounced side effects. Blood samples for drug assay were drawn in the morning, 15 hr after the last drug intake. Imipramine and desipramine in plasma were assayed by quantitative in situ thin-layer chromatography. Individual variations in plasma concentration were 20- to 30-fold in both imipramine and desipramine. Severity of depression was assessed on the Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS). Eleven of 12 patients who responded satisfactorily to the treatment (HRS post-treatment score less than 8) had plasma concentration of imipramine greater than or equal to 45 mug/L, and desipramine greater than 75 mug/L, whereas the 12 patients not responding satisfactorily (post-treatment score on HRS greater than or equal to 8) all had concentrations of imipramine or desipramine or both below these limits.
Apoptosis in metanephric development. (1992)

During metanephric development, non-polarized mesenchymal cells are induced to form the epithelial structures of the nephron following interaction with extracellular matrix proteins and factors produced by the inducing tissue, ureteric bud. This induction can occur in a transfilter organ culture system where it can also be produced by heterologous cells such as the embryonic spinal cord. We found that when embryonic mesenchyme was induced in vitro and in vivo, many of the cells surrounding the new epithelium showed morphological evidence of programmed cell death (apoptosis) such as condensed nuclei, fragmented cytoplasm, and cell shrinking. A biochemical correlate of apoptosis is the transcriptional activation of a calcium-sensitive endonuclease. Indeed, DNA isolated from uninduced mesenchyme showed progressive degradation, a process that was prevented by treatment with actinomycin-D or cycloheximide and by buffering intracellular calcium. These results demonstrate that the metanephric mesenchyme is programmed for apoptosis. Incubation of mesenchyme with a heterologous inducer, embryonic spinal cord prevented this DNA degradation. To investigate the mechanism by which inducers prevented apoptosis we tested the effects of protein kinase C modulators on this process. Phorbol esters mimicked the effects of the inducer and staurosporine, an inhibitor of this protein kinase, prevented the effect of the inducer. EGF also prevented DNA degradation but did not lead to differentiation. These results demonstrate that conversion of mesenchyme to epithelial requires at least two steps, rescue of the mesenchyme from apoptosis and induction of differentiation.
Filterless non-dispersive infra-red gas detection: A proof of concept (2017)

For the first time, we demonstrate the detection of carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) using a non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) technique that does not require an expensive CMOS-incompatible optical filter. This is achieved by employing a differential IR thermopile detector with micro-engineered (plasmonic) optical properties, fabricated in a commercially available standard CMOS MEMS process. The proof of concept demonstrated here represents a milestone in low-cost gas sensing spectroscopy, and has the potential to impact profoundly in the entire IR field; many consumer electronics applications (wearables, smartphones, tablets and portable medical devices) will become viable, leading to high volume commercial applications for plasmonic devices.
Human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is an IFN-γ–inducible entry factor for Enterovirus (2018)

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) receptors that have been identified to date cannot fully explain the pathogenesis of EV-A71, which is an important global cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease and life-threatening encephalitis. We identified an IFN-γ-inducible EV-A71 cellular entry factor, human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (hWARS), using genome-wide RNAi library screening. The importance of hWARS in mediating virus entry and infectivity was confirmed by virus attachment, in vitro pulldown, antibody/antigen blocking, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion. Hyperexpression and plasma membrane translocation of hWARS were observed in IFN-γ-treated semipermissive (human neuronal NT2) and cDNA-transfected nonpermissive (mouse fibroblast L929) cells, resulting in their sensitization to EV-A71 infection. Our hWARS-transduced mouse infection model showed pathological changes similar to those seen in patients with severe EV-A71 infection. Expression of hWARS is also required for productive infection by other human enteroviruses, including the clinically important coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and EV-D68. This is the first report to our knowledge on the discovery of an entry factor, hWARS, that can be induced by IFN-γ for EV-A71 infection. Given that we detected high levels of IFN-γ in patients with severe EV-A71 infection, our findings extend the knowledge of the pathogenicity of EV-A71 in relation to entry factor expression upon IFN-γ stimulation and the therapeutic options for treating severe EV-A71-associated complications.
A novel powder metallurgy-based method for the recycling of aluminum adapted to a small island developing state in the Pacific. (2007)

22 pages
Respiratory viruses in rural Zambia during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)

Declines in influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were reversed once public health measures were lifted. Respiratory viruses contributed to a significant burden of respiratory infections in 2021. This study provides important information about respiratory viruses in this changing context and underrepresented region.
An evaluation of network stack parallelization strategies in modern operating systems (2006)

As technology trends push future microprocessors toward chip multiprocessor designs, operating system network stacks must be parallelized in order to keep pace with improvements in network bandwidth. There are two competing strategies for stack parallelization. Messageparallel network stacks use concurrent threads to carry out network operations on independent messages (usually packets), whereas connection-parallel stacks map operations to groups of connections and permit concurrent processing on independent connection groups. Connection-parallel stacks can use either locks or threads to serialize access to connection groups. This paper evaluates these parallel stack organizations using a modern operating system and chip multiprocessor hardware. Compared to uniprocessor kernels, all parallel stack organizations incur additional locking overhead, cache inefficiencies, and scheduling overhead. However, the organizations balance these limitations differently, leading to variations in peak performance and connection scalability. Lock-serialized connection-parallel organizations reduce the locking overhead of message-parallel organizations by using many connection groups and eliminate the expensive thread handoff mechanism of thread-serialized connection-parallel organizations. The resultant organization outperforms the others, delivering 5.4 Gb/s of TCP throughput for most connection loads and providing a 126 % throughput improvement versus a uniprocessor for the heaviest connection loads. 1
Theory of superfluorescent fiber lasers (1986)

We report a theoretical analysis of superfluorescence in short active fiber devices for fiber system applications requiring broad-band light sources. Using a mode overlap approach, we derive simple expressions for the threshold and energy conversion efficiency of this new class of devices, and study the effect of the fiber <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> -number and internal loss on their overall performance. We show that near single-mode Nd:YAG single crystal fibers pumped near 810 nm, possibly with a high-power laser diode, are anticipated to exhibit thresholds on the order of a few milliwatts, conversion efficiencies in excess 35 percent, and power-independent bandwidths of several nanometers.
Improving combination cancer therapy: the CombiPlex <sup>®</sup> development platform (2018)

Current combination therapy approaches assume that better outcomes are achieved by combining drugs at their maximally tolerated doses. However, administration of individual agents cannot consistently deliver synergistic drug ratios to tumor cells due to differences in pharmacokinetics of the individual drugs. Further, the toxicity of combination regimens often necessitates administration of suboptimal dosages. Delivery technologies, such as the CombiPlex<sup>®</sup> platform, can enable efficient and sustained delivery of combination treatments at a synergistic ratio. The CombiPlex platform determines synergistic drug ratios in vitro and identifies an appropriate nanoscale carrier to maintain that ratio in vivo and enhance its delivery to tumor cells. CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of cytarabine and daunorubicin, is the first clinical proof-of-concept example of the CombiPlex platform.
Detection of piscine nodaviruses by real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) (2004)

Nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification procedure based on target-specific primers and probes, and the co-ordinated activity of 3 enzymes: AMV reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and T7 RNA polymerase. We have developed a real-time NASBA procedure for detection of piscine nodaviruses, which have emerged as major pathogens of marine fish. Viral RNA was isolated by guanidine thiocyanate lysis followed by purification on silica particles. Primers were designed to target sequences in the nodavirus capsid protein gene, yielding an amplification product of 120 nucleotides. Amplification products were detected in real-time with a molecular beacon (FAM labelled/methyl-red quenched) that recognised an internal region of the target amplicon. Amplification and detection were performed at 41 degrees C for 90 min in a Corbett Research Rotorgene. Based on the detection of cell culture-derived nodavirus, and a synthetic RNA target, the real-time NASBA procedure was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than single-tube RT-PCR. When used to test a panel of 37 clinical samples (negative, n = 18; positive, n = 19), the real-time NASBA assay correctly identified all 18 negative and 19 positive samples. In comparison, the RT-PCR procedure identified all 18 negative samples, but only 16 of the positive samples. These results suggest that real-time NASBA may represent a sensitive and specific diagnostic procedure for piscine nodaviruses.
Arterivirus Nsp1 Modulates the Accumulation of Minus-Strand Templates to Control the Relative Abundance of Viral mRNAs (2010)

The gene expression of plus-strand RNA viruses with a polycistronic genome depends on translation and replication of the genomic mRNA, as well as synthesis of subgenomic (sg) mRNAs. Arteriviruses and coronaviruses, distantly related members of the nidovirus order, employ a unique mechanism of discontinuous minus-strand RNA synthesis to generate subgenome-length templates for the synthesis of a nested set of sg mRNAs. Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) of the arterivirus equine arteritis virus (EAV), a multifunctional regulator of viral RNA synthesis and virion biogenesis, was previously implicated in controlling the balance between genome replication and sg mRNA synthesis. Here, we employed reverse and forward genetics to gain insight into the multiple regulatory roles of nsp1. Our analysis revealed that the relative abundance of viral mRNAs is tightly controlled by an intricate network of interactions involving all nsp1 subdomains. Distinct nsp1 mutations affected the quantitative balance among viral mRNA species, and our data implicate nsp1 in controlling the accumulation of full-length and subgenome-length minus-strand templates for viral mRNA synthesis. The moderate differential changes in viral mRNA abundance of nsp1 mutants resulted in similarly altered viral protein levels, but progeny virus yields were greatly reduced. Pseudorevertant analysis provided compelling genetic evidence that balanced EAV mRNA accumulation is critical for efficient virus production. This first report on protein-mediated, mRNA-specific control of nidovirus RNA synthesis reveals the existence of an integral control mechanism to fine-tune replication, sg mRNA synthesis, and virus production, and establishes a major role for nsp1 in coordinating the arterivirus replicative cycle.
Active immunotherapy options for Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and a major contributor to disability and dependency among older people. AD pathogenesis is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) and/or hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain. At present, current therapies provide temporary symptomatic benefit, but do not treat the underlying disease. Recent research has thus focused on investigating the molecular and cellular pathways and processes involved in AD pathogenesis to support the development of effective disease-modifying agents. In accordance with the existing Aβ-cascade hypothesis for AD pathogenesis, immunotherapy has been the most extensively studied approach in Aβ-targeted therapy. Both passive and active immunotherapies have been shown to effectively reduce Aβ accumulation and prevent downstream pathology in preclinical models. Following AN1792, second-generation active immunotherapies have shown promising results in terms of antibody response and safety. Comparatively, tau immunotherapy is not as advanced, but preclinical data support its development into clinical trials. Results from active amyloid-based immunotherapy studies in preclinical models indicate that intervention appears to be more effective in early stages of amyloid accumulation, highlighting the importance of diagnosing AD as early as possible and undertaking clinical trials at this stage. This strategy, combined with improving our understanding of the complex AD pathogenesis, is imperative to the successful development of these disease-modifying agents. This paper will review the active immunotherapies currently in development, including the benefits and challenges associated with this approach.
Comparison of a genetic algorithm neural network with logistic regression for predicting outcome after surgery for patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (1997)

In this study of surgically treated NSCLC patients, outcome predictions were significantly improved by including measures of tumor volume. For predicting individual patient outcome, GANN was found to be highly accurate and significantly better than logistic regression.
Molecular calcium in interstellar space and circumstellar envelopes ? A possible candidate : CaC2. (1991)

Hydrazine sulfate pretreatment has previously been shown in our laboratory to protect normal mice against endotoxin and D-galactosamine-sensitized mice against both exogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and endotoxin. An intact pituitary is required for manifestation of the protective effects. Further, we have demonstrated that hydrazine sulfate pretreatment specifically modulates the TNF response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophages in vitro. This in vivo study was performed to test whether a reduced TNF response and/or increased glucocorticoid response may contribute to hydrazine sulfate protection against LPS-induced lethality in vivo. The results presented here establish that hydrazine sulfate pretreatment selectively attenuates circulating TNF levels following LPS challenge. Moreover, adrenalectomy abrogates hydrazine sulfate protection but does not prevent hydrazine sulfate attenuation of circulating TNF levels in response to LPS. Hydrazine sulfate-mediated protection is, however, restored permissively by corticosterone. Thus, the mechanism by which hydrazine sulfate protects against LPS lethality in adrenalectomized mice includes TNF modulation in response to endotoxin, as well as a pivotal requirement for glucocorticoid.