gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense inhibition of osteogenic protein 1 disturbs human articular cartilage integrity (2005)

Our results suggest that OP-1 is an important endogenous cartilage factor that regulates matrix integrity and possibly needs to be induced or up-regulated to maintain normal cartilage homeostasis. These findings confirm our hypothesis that a lack of autocrine OP-1 may lead to an elevated susceptibility of chondrocytes to the catabolic processes, thus contributing/promoting cartilage degeneration.
Serum granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: a tumor marker in colorectal carcinoma? (2009)

This is the first report in which serum levels of GM-CSF, carcinoembriyogenic and peripheral leukocyte counts have been simultaneously evaluated in colorectal cancer patients. We found significantly elevated GM-CSF but the results suggested that serum GM-CSF may not be useful for clinical information in prognosis as a tumor marker in colorectal cancer.
An Effective Matrix Diversion Technique for Carbonate Formations (2000)

Summary The removal of formation skin damage from carbonate reservoirs is ordinarily accomplished by stimulation with hydrochloric acid. Uniform coverage of the zone being treated during matrix acidizing stimulations of carbonate reservoirs is an accepted1 requirement for successful treatment. However, the task of achieving efficient diversion and uniform zonal coverage is often difficult because of permeability heterogeneity within the treated interval. In this article we describe a technique that has been used successfully to divert treating fluids in carbonate formations.
Attentional Speech Recognition Models Misbehave on Out-of-domain Utterances (2020)

We discuss the problem of echographic transcription in autoregressive sequence-to-sequence attentional architectures for automatic speech recognition, where a model produces very long sequences of repetitive outputs when presented with out-of-domain utterances. We decode audio from the British National Corpus with an attentional encoder-decoder model trained solely on the LibriSpeech corpus. We observe that there are many 5-second recordings that produce more than 500 characters of decoding output (i.e. more than 100 characters per second). A frame-synchronous hybrid (DNN-HMM) model trained on the same data does not produce these unusually long transcripts. These decoding issues are reproducible in a speech transformer model from ESPnet, and to a lesser extent in a self-attention CTC model, suggesting that these issues are intrinsic to the use of the attention mechanism. We create a separate length prediction model to predict the correct number of wordpieces in the output, which allows us to identify and truncate problematic decoding results without increasing word error rates on the LibriSpeech task.
A General Model for Analyzing the Thermal Performance of the Heat Charging and Discharging Processes of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems* (2001)

During melting of phase change materials (PCM) encapsulated in a container, the solid PCM sinks to the bottom or floats to the top of the container according to the gravitational force and buoyancy resulting from the difference between solid and liquid densities. Compared with the solidification process, the melting process has a quite different behavior. Although the heat transfer characteristics of melting processes in various typical kinds of containers have been studied, the general model for analyzing the thermal performance of both melting and solidification processes of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems composed of PCM capsules has not been presented in the literature. The present paper describes such a model which can be used to analyze the instantaneous temperature distribution, instantaneous heat transfer rate, and thermal storage capacity of a LHTES system. For solidification, the model is validated with the results in the literature. The thermal performance during melting of a LHTES system composed of PCM spheres is analyzed as an example. The model is not limited to a specific system or a specific PCM, so it can be used to select and optimize system design and to simulate the thermal behavior of various typical LHTES systems.
Viral persistence<i>in vivo</i>through selection of neutralizing antibody-escape variants (2000)

Despite initial virus control by CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), noncytopathic or variably cytopathic viruses (e.g., hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV) are able to establish persistent infections. The role of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in controlling disease progression is unclear. Therefore, the phenomenon of viral evasion from the nAb response and its implications for virus persistence remain controversial. Here we demonstrate nAb-mediated viral clearance in CTL-deficient mice infected with the prototypic noncytopathic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (strain WE). During prolonged CTL absence, neutralization-resistant virus mutants were selected in individual mice within 70-90 days. In naive animals infected with these virus variants only low nAb responses were induced, resulting in an increased tendency of virus to persist.
Anti‐Dengue‐Virus Activity and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Lycorine Derivatives (2014)

Dengue is a systemic viral infection that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. No vaccines or specific therapeutics are currently available for dengue. Lycorine, which is a natural plant alkaloid, has been shown to possess antiviral activities against flaviviruses. In this study, a series of novel lycorine derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their inhibition of dengue virus (DENV) in cell cultures. Among the lycorine analogues, 1-acetyllycorine exhibited the most potent anti-DENV activity (EC50 =0.4 μM) with a reduced cytotoxicity (CC50 >300 μM), which resulted in a selectivity index (CC50 /EC50 ) of more than 750. The ketones 1-acetyl-2-oxolycorine (EC50 =1.8 μM) and 2-oxolycorine (EC50 =0.5 μM) also exhibited excellent antiviral activities with low cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationships for the lycorine derivatives against DENV are discussed. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model was established by using a comparative molecular-field analysis protocol in order to rationalize the experimental results. Further modifications of the hydroxy group at the C1 position with retention of a ketone at the C2 position could potentially lead to inhibitors with improved overall properties.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activators affect the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (2001)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has recently been described as a modulator of macrophage functions and as an inhibitor of T cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of PPARgamma in dendritic cells (DC), the most potent antigen-presenting cells. We showed that PPARgamma is highly expressed in immature human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) and that it may affect the immunostimulatory function of MDDC stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or via CD40 ligand (CD40L). We found that the synthetic PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone (as well as pioglitazone and troglitazone) significantly increases on LPS- and CD40L-activated MDDC, the surface expression of CD36 (by 184% and 104%, respectively) and CD86 (by 54% and 48%), whereas it reduces the synthesis of CD80 (by 42% and 42%). Moreover, activation of PPARgamma resulted in a dramatic decreased secretion of the Th1-promoting factor IL-12 in LPS- and CD40L-stimulated cells (by 47% and 62%), while the production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 was unaffected. Finally, PPARgamma ligands down-modulate the synthesis of IFN-gamma -inducible protein-10 (recently termed as CXCL10) and RANTES (CCL5), both chemokines involved in the recruitment of Th1 lymphocytes (by 49% and 30%), but not the levels of the Th2 cell-attracting chemokines,macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22) and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (CCL17), in mature MDDC. Taken together, our data suggest that activation of PPARgamma in human DC may have an impact in the orientation of primary and secondary immune responses by favoring type 2 responses.
Evidence of hole flow in silicon nitride for positive gate voltage (1984)

This paper discusses the conduction mechanism of silicon nitride. n-channel transistors and MOS capacitors with the top-oxide/ nitride/bottom-oxide dielectric structure were used to characterize the dielectric conduction. Top and bottom oxides were found to have different effects on the dielectric leakage current and electron and hole tunneling. This implies that the dominant charge carriers across the top and bottom oxides are different. We claim the conduction through a bottom oxide is dominated by electron flow and conduction through a top oxide and the nitride is dominated by hole flow for positive gate voltage. Energy band diagrams are presented to discuss the effective trap level for hole conduction in the nitride and holes and electrons tunneling through the oxide/nitride/oxide dielectrics.
Binary, Detour Phase, Microwave Holography (1970)

The concept of detour phase has been previously used as a basis for computer-generated holograms. This paper describes the application of detour phase to produce optical holograms from microwave measurements.
D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral infectivity (2020)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spike (S) protein that mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is a major target for vaccines and therapeutics. Thus, insights into its sequence variations are key to understanding the infection and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. A dominant mutational variant at position 614 of the S protein (aspartate to glycine, D614G mutation) was observed in the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence obtained from the Nextstrain database. Using a pseudovirus-based assay, we identified that S-D614 and S-G614 protein pseudotyped viruses share a common receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which could be blocked by recombinant ACE2 with the fused Fc region of human IgG1. However, S-D614 and S-G614 protein demonstrated functional differences. First, S-G614 protein could be cleaved by serine protease elastase-2 more efficiently. Second, S-G614 pseudovirus infected 293T-ACE2 cells significantly more efficiently than did the S-D614 pseudovirus, especially in the presence of elastase-2. Third, an elastase inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked elastase-enhanced S-G614 pseudovirus infection. Moreover, 93% (65/70) convalescent sera from patients with COVID-19 could neutralize both S-D614 and S-G614 pseudoviruses with comparable efficiencies, but about 7% (5/70) convalescent sera showed reduced neutralizing activity against the S-G614 pseudovirus. These findings have important implications for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and immune interventions.
Economic burden of dehydration among hospitalized elderly patients (2004)

The economic burden associated with avoidable hospitalizations due to dehydration in elderly patients was substantial.
Territoires de Pierre Michon (2009)

Numéro intitulé "Pierre Michon, La Grande Beune, Trois auteurs et Abbés"
A Direct AC–AC Converter for Inductive Power-Transfer Systems (2011)

This paper proposes a direct ac-ac converter to generate a high-frequency current for inductive power-transfer (IPT) systems. Unlike traditional dc-ac converters for IPT systems, the proposed converter can achieve a high-frequency current generation directly from an ac power source without a dc link. The power converter can maintain high-frequency resonance by natural circuit oscillation and discrete energy injection control. A variable-frequency control strategy is developed to vary the switching frequency to keep the high-frequency current operating with zero-current switching. Thus, the switching stress, power losses, and electromagnetic interference of the converter are reduced. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental results show that the output track current is fully controllable with good waveforms for contactless power-transfer applications.
Proposal of a spintronics-based polarization detector (2005)

Connection between spin orientation in semiconductors and optical selection rules has been exploited in spin LEDs (Fiederling et al., 1999), where the degree of luminescence polarization indicates the average spin of electrons injected into the diode. We present a proposal of a reciprocal device: a spin-based detector of circularly polarized light, in which the absorption occurs in the planar semiconductor (SC) structure
Direction‐sensitive stress measurements with carbon nanotube sensors (2002)

Abstract Single‐wall nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in polymer can be used as mechanical sensors because the position of the D* Raman band of SWNTs is strongly dependent on the strain transferred from the matrix to the nanotubes. In order to detect the stress (or strain) information in specific directions, polarized Raman spectroscopy is used to select out the signal from the nanotubes that are parallel to the polarization direction. This method is demonstrated by measuring the stress distribution around a circular hole in the SWNT/polymer composites under uniaxial tension. Then the stress field in a polymer matrix in the vicinity of a single glass fiber is mapped on the micrometer scale. A stress concentration zone is observed around the fiber end. The importance of this technique and the measurements for composite design and micro‐mechanical models is discussed briefly. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular motifs: sextuple aryl embraces in crystalline [M(2,2′-bipy)3] and related complexes † (1998)

Tris(bidentate ligand)metal complexes such as [M(bipy)3] commonly associate in crystals as columns of complexes with collinear three-fold axes, in order that three heterocyclic rings of one complex can engage in six vertex-to-face interactions with three heterocyclic rings from the neighbour. This concerted supramolecular motif is called the sextuple aryl embrace (SAE), and is analogous to the sextuple phenyl embrace formed by XPh3 and XPh4 molecules. The three oxidation states of [Ru(bipy)3]z, z = 0, 2+, 3+, were found to crystallise with SAEs, as do most other [M(bipy)3]z complexes with small symmetrical anions. Expansion of crystal lattices to accommodate anions was found not to disrupt the infinite columns of SAEs. A pair of tris(bidentate ligand)-metal complexes must have opposite chirality to participate in an SAE, and in this way the SAE differs from the otherwise similar homochiral helicate complexes. A small number of tris(tridentate ligand) complexes demonstrate a similar crystal supramolecular motif.
Silicon nanowire piezoresistance: Impact of surface crystallographic orientation (2010)

We investigate piezoresistance in lithographically defined silicon nanowires of various cross-sectional aspect ratios. Both ⟨110⟩- and ⟨100⟩-oriented nanowires are investigated under ⟨110⟩-oriented strain. The nanowire thickness is varied from 23 to 45 nm and the nanowire width is varied from 5 to 113 nm. Our data shows piezoresistance in silicon nanowires being a surface induced effect with {110} surfaces inducing a much larger piezoresistance than {100} surfaces. This is consistent with a higher density of surface states on {110} surfaces than on {100} surfaces. Our experimental findings support recent computational work pointing toward surface states being the source of giant piezoresistance in silicon nanowires.
Alisporivir, a cyclosporin derivative that selectively inhibits cyclophilin, for the treatment of HCV infection. (2010)

HCV infection is the primary cause of chronic liver disease. Host cell cyclophilins (Cyps) are essential for efficient HCV replication in hepatocytes, and thus Cyps are regarded as a new target for anti-HCV therapy. Alisporivir (Debio-025), a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A derivative that selectively inhibits Cyps, is being developed by Debiopharm SA for the potential oral treatment of HCV infection. In the HCV subgenomic replicon system, alisporivir suppressed viral replication more potently than cyclosporine A. A phase II clinical trial demonstrated that treatment with alisporivir alone or combined with PEGylated IFNalpha2a reduced the viral load in patients with chronic HCV infection. The drug was also generally well tolerated. In contrast, a phase I trial of alisporivir monotherapy in patients with HIV-1 infection suggested that the drug has a limited effect on HIV-1 viral load. Alisporivir was also investigated in animal models of muscular dystrophy, acute myocardial infarction and brain disorders. At the time of publication, two phase II trials, evaluating alisporivir alone and in combination with PEGylated IFNalpha2a or with PEGylated IFNalpha2a and ribavirin, were ongoing in treatment-naïve patients with HCV-1 infection and in patients with chronic HCV-1 infection who were prior non-responders to PEGylated IFNalpha or ribavirin.
Between a rock and a soft place: recent progress in understanding matrix mechanics (2015)

The mechanical properties of a cell's surrounding environment play a critical role in modulating cell function, particularly in disease progression. Although simple model systems to study these phenomena have been developed over the last 15 years, several studies indicate that simple models may not adequately capture the complexity surrounding the interplay between matrix mechanics and stiffness. Here, we highlight recent advances in novel technologies, material design strategies, and bioanalytical approaches that have shed new light on the complex interplay between materials, mechanics and biological function.
The First Hexanuclear Copper(I) Carboxylate:  X-ray Crystal Structure and Reactivity in Solution and Gas-Phase Reactions (2007)

The carboxylate ligand-exchange reaction of copper(I) trifluoroacetate by 3,5-difluorobenzoate yielded a new product, [Cu(O2C(3,5-F)2C6H3)] (1). Single crystals of 1 suitable for X-ray structural characterization were obtained by sublimation-deposition procedures at 230 degrees C. An X-ray diffraction study revealed a remarkable planar hexanuclear copper(I) core supported by bridging carboxylates, the first such structural type among other known copper(I) carboxylates. The Cu...Cu distances within the core range from 2.7064(8) to 2.8259(8) A and fall into the category of cuprophillic interactions. The hexacopper unit remains intact upon gas-phase deposition with a planar polyarene, coronene (C24H12), to give [Cu6(O2C(3,5-F)2C6H3)6](C24H12) (2). Density functional theory calculations suggest the latter compound to be a cocrystallization product having electrostatic interactions between the hexacopper complex and coronene. However, cocrystallization affects the photophysical properties of 2. While copper(I) 3,5-difluorobenzoate (1) exhibits photoluminescence at ca. 554 nm (lambda(ex) = 350 nm) in the solid state, compound 2 is nonluminescent at room temperature in the visible region. Gas-phase and solution reactions of 1 with alkyne ligands, diphenylacetylene (C14H10) and 1,4-bis(p-tolylethynyl)benzene (C24H18), result in the rupture of the [Cu6] core to afford dinuclear organometallic copper(I) complexes. The latter have a dimetal core cis-bridged by two carboxylate groups with acetylene ligands eta(2)-coordinated to each copper(I) center.
Inferring Condition-Specific Modulation of Transcription Factor Activity in Yeast through Regulon-Based Analysis of Genomewide Expression (2008)

We analyze the degree to which the mRNA expression level of each TF is predictive of its regulatory activity. We also organize TFs into "co-modulation networks" based on their inferred activity profile across conditions, and find that this reveals functional and mechanistic relationships. Finally, we present evidence that the PAC and rRPE motifs antagonize TBP-dependent regulation, and function as core promoter elements governed by the transcription regulator NC2. Regulon-based monitoring of TF activity modulation is a powerful tool for analyzing regulatory network function that should be applicable in other organisms. Tools and results are available online at http://bussemakerlab.org/RegulonProfiler/.
The advance of perioperative ventilation strategy in obese patients (2009)

Obesity has become one of the most important public health problems confronting modern society. Several physiologic functions of patient have been influenced by obesity. In this article, we review the perioperative respiratory management of obese patients,including preoporat-ive respiratory therapy; strategies of intra-operative mechanical ventilation and postoperative respi-ratory support. Furthermore, we discuss some controversial problems about ventilation of obese patients. Knowledge of the pulmonary pathophysiology and appropriate, individualized ventilation management will help us to reduce perioperative complications of respiratory system of obese patients.

Key words: 
Obese;  Perioperative period;  Ventilation
PXIe Based High-Speed Transmission System Design and Implementation (2010)

PXIe protocol is a novel high-speed transmission bus protocol in industry. PXIe not only offers high performance up to 500MB/s bandwidth (4 lines), but also is completely compatible with PCI Express protocol. However, the current implementation in FPGA can not make full use of its advantages. The paper describes a direct memory access system to improve the real bandwidth of PXIe bus. For direct memory access can operate either as a master or a slave device for PXIe bus, two combined modules are designed to deal with two conditions respectively. Furthermore, a buffer sub-system utilizing DDR2 SDRAM is proposed to satisfy the demands of both high data throughput rate and large capacity in the high-speed environment. Measured experimental results confirm that the direct memory access system increases the bandwidth of original data transfer rate from 100MB/s to 500MB/s with very low bit error rate.
Multiphase Flow of Immiscible Fluids on Unstructured Moving Meshes (2013)

In this paper, we present a method for animating multiphase flow of immiscible fluids using unstructured moving meshes. Our underlying discretization is an unstructured tetrahedral mesh, the deformable simplicial complex (DSC), that moves with the flow in a Lagrangian manner. Mesh optimization operations improve element quality and avoid element inversion. In the context of multiphase flow, we guarantee that every element is occupied by a single fluid and, consequently, the interface between fluids is represented by a set of faces in the simplicial complex. This approach ensures that the underlying discretization matches the physics and avoids the additional book-keeping required in grid-based methods where multiple fluids may occupy the same cell. Our Lagrangian approach naturally leads us to adopt a finite element approach to simulation, in contrast to the finite volume approaches adopted by a majority of fluid simulation techniques that use tetrahedral meshes. We characterize fluid simulation as an optimization problem allowing for full coupling of the pressure and velocity fields and the incorporation of a second-order surface energy. We introduce a preconditioner based on the diagonal Schur complement and solve our optimization on the GPU. We provide the results of parameter studies as well as a performance analysis of our method, together with suggestions for performance optimization.