gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance, homogeneous broad-gain quantum cascade lasers based on dual-upper-state design (2010)

A broad-gain quantum cascade laser design with dual-upper-state is proposed to clarify its own feasibility. Devices employing the proposed active region design exhibit homogeneously wide (&gt;330 cm−1) electroluminescence spectra of which shapes are insensitive to voltage changes. A buried heterostructure laser, emitting at λ∼8.4 μm, demonstrates a high continuous-wave output power of 152 mW together with a high constant slope efficiency of 518 W/A at room temperature. In addition, the device performance is observed to be very insensitive to temperature change; T0-values of ∼306 K and constant slope efficiency over the wide temperature range, 280–400 K.
Continuous calibration of Rogowski coil current transducer (2015)

Rogowski coils (RC) used for high-accuracy contact-less current measurement ask for precise sensor geometry and specific conditions, such as a centered primary conductor. To relax these constraints, we propose here a recently patented continuous calibration system which features a reference conductor added coaxially to the primary conductor and a proportional-integral controller integrated in CMOS technology. Experimental results obtained with commercial flexible and rigid RC show that the sensor immunity to the conductor position, as well as the dispersion between RC, is reduced to +/-0.1%, i.e. a 0.1 class measurement. In addition, the system may ensure an absolute calibration of the RC current transducer, avoiding any costly calibration procedure at the end of the sensor manufacturing.
Leakage Current Reduction in a Single-Phase Bidirectional AC–DC Full-Bridge Inverter (2012)

The leakage current in grid-interface converter systems presents a considerable issue in regard to safety and efficiency. The full-bridge inverter is a well-accepted topology in single-phase power conversion applications. The high-frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) modulation schemes are normally applied to the full-bridge topology for smaller ac filter size, which, however, generates a high-frequency dc-side leakage current, resulting in an enormous negative impact on dc components, such as photovoltaic panels and energy storage elements. In this paper, a modified full-bridge inverter topology to reduce the dc-side leakage current as well as to mitigate the ac-side common-mode electromagnetic interference noise is presented. Several considerations are discussed, such as the PWM modulation and filter design. Compared to the other existing methods, the proposed solution provides a reliable performance for bidirectional operation, minimum additional components, low cost, and a simple design process.
A novel muscle synergy extraction method to explain the equilibrium-point trajectory and endpoint stiffness during human upper-limb movements on a horizontal plane (2014)

Based on the idea of synergy to explore the building blocks of movements, this study focused on the muscle space for reaching movements by human upper limbs on a horizontal plane to estimate the relationship among muscle synergies, equilibrium-point (EP) trajectories, and endpoint stiffness in two ways: (1) a novel estimation method that analyzes electromyographic signals under the concept of agonist-antagonist (A-A) muscle pairs and (2) a conventional estimation method that uses mechanical perturbations. The experimental results suggest that (1) muscle activities of reaching movements by human upper limbs are represented by only three functional muscle synergies; (2) each muscle synergy balances the coacti-vations of A-A muscle pairs; (3) two of the muscle synergies are invariant bases that form an EP trajectory described in polar coordinates centered on a shoulder joint, where one is a composite unit for radial movement and the other is for angular movement; and (4) the third muscle synergy is the invariant basis for additional adjustment of the endpoint stiffness and has some influence on the direction and size of the endpoint stiffness ellipse.
2 Mb SPRAM (SPin-Transfer Torque RAM) With Bit-by-Bit Bi-Directional Current Write and Parallelizing-Direction Current Read (2008)

A 1.8 V 2 Mb SPin-transfer torque RAM (SPRAM) chip using a 0.2 mum logic process with an MgO tunneling barrier cell demonstrates the circuit technologies for potential low-power nonvolatile RAM, or universal memory. This chip features an array scheme with bit-by-bit bi-directional current writing to achieve proper spin-transfer torque writing of 100 ns, and parallelizing-direction current reading with a low-voltage bit-line for preventing read disturbances that lead to 40 ns access time.
Abstract B32: Serum calcium and serum albumin can discriminate malignant from benign pelvic masses. (2016)

Abstract Background: Biomarkers that aid in the differential diagnosis of malignant pelvic masses from benign ones prior to surgery are needed in order to triage women with malignant masses to appropriate specialist care. Because high albumin-adjusted serum calcium predicted ovarian cancer among women without evidence of disease, we hypothesized that it might predict cancer among women with pelvic masses that were evident radiographically. Methods: We studied a cohort of 514 women with pelvic masses who underwent resection at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center from July 2009 through June 2013. We divided patients into a “training” set, to identify associations in the data, and a “testing” set, to confirm them. Data were obtained from medical records. A best fit model was selected using the Akaike Information Criterion. Results: Albumin-adjusted serum calcium was significantly higher in women with malignant vs. benign masses (P= 0.0004). High normocalcemia, i.e., an albumin-adjusted serum calcium ≥ 10 mg/dL, occurred in 53% of women with malignant tumors vs. 12% of benign tumors. High normocalcemia was associated with a ~14-fold increased risk of malignancy. The best fit model (Overall) included albumin, calcium, and non-linear terms. Overall achieved an AUC of 0.83 with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 83%, a PPV of 71% and a NPV of 85%. Conclusions: A model using serum calcium and serum albumin to predict malignancy in women with pelvic masses has high sensitivity and is economical. Impact: Our model can help triage women with ovarian cancer to appropriate surgical care. Citation Format: Gary G. Schwartz, Michael G. Kelly, Stuart S. Winkler, Samuel S. Lentz, Steve H. Berliner, Melissa F. Swain, Halcyon G. Skinner. Serum calcium and serum albumin can discriminate malignant from benign pelvic masses. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B32.
Fabrication of PbLa0.05TiO3∕Pb1.20(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3∕PbLa0.05TiO3 ferroelectric structure on platinum electrodes by a sol-gel process (2005)

Ferroelectric PbLa0.05TiO3∕Pb1.20(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3∕PbLa0.05TiO3 (PLT/PZT/PLT) thin films were fabricated on platinum-coated silicon wafers using a sol-gel process. The PbLa0.05TiO3 layers between the PZT and Pt electrode are used as seeding layers to improve the crystallization and can greatly enhance the ferroelectric properties of the PZT film. Compared with PZT and PbTiO3∕Pb1.20(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3∕PbTiO3 (PT/PZT/PT) films, the PLT/PZT/PLT capacitors of thickness ∼250nm showed excellent ferroelectric properties in terms of larger remnant polarization (Pr) of ∼19μC∕cm2 (Ec∼60kV∕cm), higher saturation polarization (Ps) of about 45μC∕cm2 for an applied field of 600kV∕cm, fatigue-free characteristics of up to ⩾1010 switching cycles, and a low leakage current density of 10−8A∕cm2 at 200kV∕cm. A possible reason for the beneficial effect of PLT is the improved interfacial characteristics that may lead to the absorption of oxygen vacancies or other point defects from the PZT layer and result in better fatigue properties.
AA′-Stacked Trilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Membrane for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2018)

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene have emerged as promising materials for proton exchange membranes because of their high proton conductivity and chemical stability. However, the defects and grain boundaries generated during the growth and transfer of two-dimensional materials limit their practical applicability. Here, we report the fabrication of membrane electrode assemblies using large-area single-oriented AA'-stacked trilayer h-BN (3L-BN), which exhibits very few defects during the growth and transfer, as a proton exchange membrane for use in fuel cell systems. The fuel cell based on AA'-stacked 3L-BN showed a H<sub>2</sub> permeation current density as low as 2.69 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and an open circuit voltage (OCV) as high as 0.958 V; this performance is much superior to those for cells based on Nafion (3.7 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and 0.942 V, respectively) and single-layer h-BN (10.08 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and 0.894 V, respectively). Furthermore, the fuel cell with the AA'-stacked 3L-BN membrane almost maintained its original performance (OCV, maximum power density, and H<sub>2</sub> permeation current density) even after 100 h of an accelerated stress test at 30% RH and 90 °C, while the fuel cells with the Nafion and single-layer BN membranes exhibited severely deteriorated performances. The stability of the cell based on the AA'-stacked 3L-BN membrane was better because the membrane prevented gas crossover and suppressed the generation of reactive radicals during cell operation.
Effects of zinc deficiency and supplementation on gene expression of bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) on the tongue in rats (2012)

Our findings suggest that zinc may affect gene expression for some TAS2Rs on the tongue in rats.
A grayscale pneumatic micro-valve for use in a reconfigurable tactile tablet for vision-impaired individuals (2014)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a strained bilayer film for use in a micro-valve for a reconfigurable tactile tablet for vision-impaired individuals is presented. The bilayer film consists of a compressive and tensile layer to cause the film to coil and retract from the gas channel when the micro-valve is in the open position. A novel support structure that improves yield and controls the direction of coiling is demonstrated. An array of 225 strained bilayer films was designed and fabricated. Each strained bilayer film was able to be actuated individually with a voltage that ranged between 60 and 70 V. The relationship between the applied voltage and the percentage open of the micro-valve is found to be linear over an extended voltage range, enabling the reconfigurable tactile tablet to produce the equivalent of a grayscale image.
Low Complexity Decision-Directed Channel Estimation Based on a Reliable-Symbol Selection Strategy for OFDM Systems (2010)

This paper presents a low-complexity/low-latency algorithm for estimating and tracking time-varying fading channels in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. More specifically, it is described a decision directed (DD) channel estimation (CE) method, consisting of two main steps: 1) Data detection of the current received OFDM symbol is performed by using the channel coefficients estimated in correspondence to the previous OFDM symbol; 2) The channel corresponding to the current OFDM symbol is estimated by using a subset of the newly detected data symbols. The data subset, used to perform successive refinement on the channel estimation, is found by choosing the OFDM subcarriers with the highest expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Such a subcarrier selection strategy aims to obtain robustness against the introduction of incorrect data symbols in the channel estimation process. The extension of the presented technique to multiple receive antennas is also discussed. The proposed estimation method is potentially useful for IEEE 802.11p compliant vehicular communication systems, whose basic modulation parameters are herein used for computer simulation of the information error rate.
Advances in Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2019)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology has enjoyed rapid development in the last decade. Advancements both in fabrication and integration, coupled with improved modelling, has enabled CMUTs to make their way into mainstream ultrasound imaging systems and find commercial success. In this review paper, we touch upon recent advancements in CMUT technology at all levels of abstraction; modeling, fabrication, integration, and applications. Regarding applications, we discuss future trends for CMUTs and their impact within the broad field of biomedical imaging.
Synthesis of Porphyrins Bearing Hydrocarbon Tethers and Facile Covalent Attachment to Si(100) (2004)

The use of redox-active molecules as the active storage elements in memory chips requires the ability to attach the molecules to an electroactive surface in a reliable and robust manner. To explore the use of porphyrins tethered to silicon via carbosilane linkages, 17 porphyrins have been synthesized. Fourteen porphyrins bear a tether at a single meso site, and three porphyrins bear functional groups at two beta sites for possible two-point attachment. Two high-temperature processing methods (400 degrees C under inert atmosphere) have been developed for rapid (minutes), facile covalent attachment to Si platforms. The high-temperature processing conditions afford attachment either by direct deposition of a dilute solution (1 microM-1 mM) of the porphyrin sample onto the Si substrate or sublimation of a neat sample onto the Si substrate. The availability of this diverse collection of porphyrins enables an in-depth examination of the effects of the tether (length, composition, terminal functional group, number of tethers) and steric bulk of nonlinking substituents on the information-storage properties of the porphyrin monolayers obtained upon attachment to silicon. Attachment proceeds readily with a wide variety of hydrocarbon tethers, including 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl, vinyl, allyl, or 3-butenyl directly appended to the porphyrin and iodo, bromomethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl, ethynyl, vinyl, or allyl appended to the 4-position of a meso-phenyl ring. No attachment occurs with substituents such as phenyl, p-tolyl, mesityl, or ethyl. Collectively, the studies show that the high-temperature attachment procedure (1) has broad scope encompassing diverse functional groups, (2) tolerates a variety of arene substituents, and (3) does not afford indiscriminate attachment. The high-temperature processing conditions are ideally suited for use in fabrication of hybrid molecular/semiconductor circuitry.
Robust diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma phenotypes validated on gene expression data from different laboratories. (2005)

A major challenge in cancer diagnosis from microarray data is the need for robust, accurate, classification models which are independent of the analysis techniques used and can combine data from different laboratories. We propose such a classification scheme originally developed for phenotype identification from mass spectrometry data. The method uses a robust multivariate gene selection procedure and combines the results of several machine learning tools trained on raw and pattern data to produce an accurate meta-classifier. We illustrate and validate our method by applying it to gene expression datasets: the oligonucleotide HuGeneFL microarray dataset of Shipp et al. (www.genome.wi.mit.du/MPR/lymphoma) and the Hu95Av2 Affymetrix dataset (DallaFavera's laboratory, Columbia University). Our pattern-based meta-classification technique achieves higher predictive accuracies than each of the individual classifiers , is robust against data perturbations and provides subsets of related predictive genes. Our techniques predict that combinations of some genes in the p53 pathway are highly predictive of phenotype. In particular, we find that in 80% of DLBCL cases the mRNA level of at least one of the three genes p53, PLK1 and CDK2 is elevated, while in 80% of FL cases, the mRNA level of at most one of them is elevated.
Authenticated System Calls (2005)

System call monitoring is a technique for detecting and controlling compromised applications by checking at runtime that each system call conforms to a policy that specifies the program's normal behavior. A new approach to system call monitoring based on authenticated system calls is introduced. An authenticated system call is a system call augmented with extra arguments that specify the policy for that call and a cryptographic message authentication code (MAC) that guarantees the integrity of the policy and the system call arguments. This extra information is used by the kernel to verify the system call. The version of the application in which regular system calls have been replaced by authenticated calls is generated automatically by an installer program that reads the application binary, uses static analysis to generate policies, and then rewrites the binary with the authenticated calls. This paper presents the approach, describes a prototype implementation based on Linux and the PLTO binary rewriting system, and gives experimental results suggesting that the approach is effective in protecting against compromised applications at modest cost.
Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody-Phage Based Real-Time Immuno-PCR for Detection of Hepatocarcinogen Aflatoxin in Grains and Feedstuffs (2014)

Aflatoxins are a group of extremely toxic small molecules that have been involved in human hepatic and extrahepatic carcinogenesis as causative agents. Herein, we developed a real-time immuno polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) assay for the accurately quantitative detection of aflatoxins in agri-products base on a M13 phage containing aflatoxin anti-idiotypic nanobody and its encoding DNA which was used to design the specific primers. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay is 0.02 ng/mL, which exhibits a 4-fold improvement over traditional phage ELISA. The developed method was successfully validated with the samples of corn, rice, peanut, and feedstuff, which are major aflatoxin-contaminated agri-products. And the recoveries were from 77.05 to 122.16%. For further validation, the developed assay was also compared with a reference HPLC method for the analysis of aflatoxins in corn and peanuts, and concordant results (R(2) = 0.991) were obtained. In this context, this study provides a novel opportunity to analyze aflatoxins in agri-products.
Method for thermally insulating well bores (1981)

Methods of thermally insulating well bores containing tubing strings to reduce heat transfer between the well bores and surrounding formations comprise introducing into the annular space between the well bore and the tubing string a heat-activated gel-forming fluid having heat insulating properties when gelled and then causing the gel-forming fluid to be heated whereby it is gelled. Apparatus for conducting the methods also are provided. Methods are described for insulating well bores which are inexpensive and easily conducted. An apparatus is provided for insulating a well bore which restricts flow in the annular space between the well bore and the tubing string contained therein without the use of elastomer sealing elements or other means which deteriorate at high temperatures and/or are difficult and expensive to use. 23 claims.
An unnatural base pair system for in vitro replication and transcription (2006)

The development of unnatural base pairs that function in replication, transcription, and translation could expand the genetic alphabet and enable the site-specific incorporation of functional components into nucleic acids and proteins. We present an unnatural base pair between 7-(2-thienyl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (denoted by Ds) and pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (denoted by Pa). In replication, the Ds-Pa pair exhibits high selectivity in combination with the usual and modified triphosphate substrates and exonuclease-proficient DNA polymerases. In transcription, the Ds-Pa pair mediates the site-specific incorporation of the substrates of both Ds and Pa into RNA by T7 RNA polymerase. This unnatural base pair system could facilitate the specific incorporation of functional components into RNA molecules at desired positions using DNA templates containing the unnatural base pair, which can be amplified by PCR.
Marine seismic receiving system employing multiple depth hydrostreamer cable (1991)

First Page
Optical Manipulation of Relativistic Electron Beams using THz Pulses (2011)

There are implementations and proposals for using microwave or optical radiation for electron acceleration, undulation, deflection, and spatial as well as temporal focusing. Using terahertz (THz) radiation in such applications can be superior to microwave or optical radiation since THz pulses can be generated with significantly smaller temporal jitter to the electron bunch to be manipulated as compared to microwave pulses, and contrary to the optical pulses, the much larger wavelength of THz pulses compares well with typical sizes of electron bunches. Recently generation of ultrashort THz pulses with 1 MV/cm focused electric field was demonstrated, and it is predicted that THz pulses with even 100 MV/cm focused field will be possible. According to the first results of our analytical and numerical studies this field strength is high enough for manipulation of relativistic electron beams by polarised THz pulses in various geometries. It is possible, e.g., to construct a 30 cm long THz undulator for saturated FEL working at 9.6 nm wavelength using electron bunches with 100 MeV energy and 0.42 nC charge.
Intrapleural Adenoviral-mediated Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Gene Transfer Suppresses the Progression of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in a Mouse Model (2016)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive thoracic cancer with a high mortality rate as it responds poorly to standard therapeutic interventions. Our recent studies showed that expression of endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) in MPM cells suppresses tumorigenicity. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EPCR suppresses MPM tumor growth and evaluate whether EPCR gene therapy could suppress the progression of MPM in a mouse model of MPM. Measurement of cytokines from the pleural lavage showed that mice implanted with MPM cells expressing EPCR had elevated levels of IFNγ and TNFα compared to mice implanted with MPM cells lacking EPCR. In vitro studies demonstrated that EPCR expression renders MPM cells highly susceptible to IFNγ + TNFα-induced apoptosis. Intrapleural injection of Ad.EPCR into mice with an established MPM originating from MPM cells lacking EPCR reduced the progression of tumor growth. Ad.EPCR treatment elicited recruitment of macrophages and NK cells into the tumor microenvironment and increased IFNγ and TNFα levels in the pleural space. Ad.EPCR treatment resulted in a marked increase in tumor cell apoptosis. In summary, our data show that EPCR expression in MPM cells promotes tumor cell apoptosis, and intrapleural EPCR gene therapy suppresses MPM progression.