gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid Crystal Alignment Method for Long Lifetime Tilted-Perpendicular Light Valves (1991)

Abstract A new technique for tilted-perpendicular alignment (TPA) of liquid crystals on surfaces greatly improved the photostability of the photoactivated liquid crystal light valves (LCLVs) with negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystals. The operation of surface-perpendicular aligned LCLVs provided a very dark off-state, high contrast images, and high light throughput efficiency. Alkoxy groups bonded on angle-deposited SiO2 gave controlled TPA, in which the tilt angle of LC on the treated surfaces was primarily dependent on the thickness of the shallow-angle deposited SiO2 layer. We have demonstrated improved photostability to high intensity light exposures using this TPA method in hermetically sealed cells. Projection LCLVs with very high contrast and with greater than 10,000 hours of operational stability at 2000 lumens, were obtained using this new TPA method and more stable liquid crystal mixtures.
Enterprise workflow architecture (2002)

Workflow builders are designed to facilitate development of automated processes and support flexible applications that can be updated, enhanced or completely revamped. The Hewlett-Packard WorkManager is an open product data management solution with workflow management capabilities. WorkManager supports the entire product lifecycle by providing a single, logical repository for all data, and it manages and tracks enterprise-wide processes. With a strong information management platform at its core, WorkManager provides central administration capabilities, including supervision and intervention, where necessary. Because enterprise data is usually fragmented and stored in a variety of legacy systems, and different organizations have different amount of control over their data, an enterprise workflow system needs to support processes accessing data from different sites and applications. This paper describes the architecture of distributed workflow, Hewlett-Packard's solution to the enterprise workflow problem. The architecture is an extension of the existing WorkManager architecture. Its development is based on user requirements and four high-level user models. The user models and the architecture are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical Considerations in Control-Flow Integrity Monitoring (2011)

Control-flow integrity (CFI) checks ensure that programs respect their static call-graphs at runtime. A program might violate its call-graph due to malicious attacks such as shell code injection or return-to-libc style exploits. CFI checking can also be beneficial during testing to discover properties of control-flow, as well as at deployment to detect malicious behavior. We present practical aspects of CFI checking, including advantages and disadvantages of the following: how to represent call-graphs, how to instrument CFI checks, and how to refine CFI checks to properties of control-flow. We discuss two implementations: one instrumenting the source code and the other instrumenting the compiler generated assembly, and we describe their performance. Our paper is meant to be a practical guide to CFI monitoring.
Ionization, Plume Properties, and Performance of Cylindrical Hall Thrusters (2010)

It is shown experimentally that the cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) produces a highly ionized plasma flow with mass utilization efficiencies greater than 100% due to generation of multicharged ions. For the CHT employing geometries with and without a short annular section, used to enhance ionization, plume divergence reductions of approximately 25% were demonstrated by running a cathode-keeper discharge along with the main cathode-anode discharge. Thruster anode efficiencies varied from approximately 15% to 35% over input powers from 70 to 220 W. A 2-A keeper discharge resulted in an approximately 20% increase in anode specific impulse for both geometries, and the specific impulse for the case of no annular section was, on average, 13% higher than that with the annular section. The multicharged ion fraction increased with keeper current, and the quantity of channel erosion products in the plume was correlated with that of multicharged ions.
Single contact tailored gain phased array of semiconductor lasers (1984)

We demonstrate a single contact tailored gain-guided array in which the gain profile across the array is made strongly asymmetric by varying the width of the contact stripes. A proton isolated array of six (GaAl)As lasers with 5-μm separations and widths varying linearly between 3 and 8 μm had a single lobed far field 2° wide, close to the diffraction limit for a single supermode. Fabrication of this device is simple, and suited to large-scale processing techniques. We also show that in such an asymmetric gain-guided array the fundamental mode is favored over higher order modes, and that higher order modes can have single lobed far-field patterns differing only slightly from that of the fundamental.
VLSI Design for High‐Precision Three‐Dimensional Depth Perception Chip (2021)

This paper presents a Very large scale integration (VLSI) design method for Three-dimensional (3D) depth perception chip based on infrared coding structure light. The primary sub-modules on the chip contain the speckle pattern preprocessing module, block-matching disparity estimation, depth mapping and post-processing. The chip employs pipelining technology, and after Application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) verification, it proves that our chip has more advantages in performance of depth precision (12bits, 1mm @ 1m), image resolution (1280×960), time delay (less than 17ms), range limit (0.4~6m). It also can generate more stable and smooth depth map in real-time, which can be used in 3D recognition, motion capture or scene perception.
GaInAsP/InP Double Heterostructure Laser with Monolithically Integrated Passive Waveguide (1982)

Monolithic integration of passive waveguides with double heterostructure (DH) lasers has the potential for a number of interesting device applications, including lasers with distributed Bragg reflectors or integrated external cavities, intensity or frequency modulators, and mode-locked DH lasers. Previous attempts to achieve this structure with GaAs/GaAlAs or GaInAsP/InP systems resulted in relatively high threshold current densities. (1-6) We have developed in this work a liquid-phase epitaxial (LPE) technique to grow <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>Ga</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>x</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>In</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>x</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>As</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>y</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>P</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>y</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>InP</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> DH Passive waveguides integrated with and precisely aligned to previously grown <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq2" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>Ga</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>x</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext> In </mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>x</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>As</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>y</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>P</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>y</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>InP</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> DH laser structures. Uniform waveguide layers and good surface morphology have been achieved in the LPE regrowth. Relatively low threshold current densities (2.4 - 3.1 kA/cm 2 ) were obtained for broad area lasers with one integrated passive waveguide section.
On Randomized Network Coding (2003)

We consider a randomized network coding approach for multicasting from several sources over a network, in which nodes independently and randomly select linear mappings from inputs onto output links over some field. This approach was first described in [3], which gave, for acyclic delay-free networks, a bound on error probability, in terms of the number of receivers and random coding output links, that decreases exponentially with code length. The proof was based on a result in [2] relating algebraic network coding to network flows. In this paper, we generalize these results to networks with cycles and delay. We also show, for any given acyclic network, a tighter bound in terms of the probability of connection feasibility in a related network problem with unreliable links. From this we obtain a success probability bound for randomized network coding in link-redundant networks with unreliable links, in terms of link failure probability and amount of redundancy. 1
1319 Next-generation TCR bispecifics (TCER®) targeting peptide-HLA antigens for the treatment of patients with solid tumors (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> T cell engaging bispecifics have emerged as a promising therapeutic opportunity for patients with solid cancers. However, challenges related to target specificity and drug safety profiles remain and many efforts are being made to generate optimized molecules with improved pharmacodynamic characteristics while reducing T cell engager-associated toxicities. We have developed a pipeline of novel bispecific molecules comprising a T cell receptor (TCR) for giving access to intracellular tumor antigens presented as peptide-HLA molecules and a unique T cell recruiting antibody aiming at conferring a favorable safety profile. <h3>Methods</h3> We designed a novel TCR-incorporating bispecific format, called T cell engaging receptor (TCER®). TCER® molecules targeting different peptide-HLA antigens and using different recruiting moieties were generated and assessed for preclinical characteristics such as <i>in vitro</i> efficacy, <i>in vitro</i> safety and anti-tumor responses in tumor xenograft models. <h3>Results</h3> Based on comparative preclinical testing of different TCR bispecific formats and T cell recruiting antibodies, we have developed a next-generation bispecific (TCER®) consisting of a high-affinity TCR capable of targeting tumor-specific peptide antigens and a low-affinity T cell recruiter designed to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity. The TCER® format harbors an effector function-silenced Fc part for the extension of serum half-life and improved manufacturability. For the development of different TCER® candidates, TCRs with promising functional avidity and high target-specificity are identified from the human repertoire and matured via yeast surface display to enhance TCR stability and to increase TCR affinity towards the target-peptide by at least 1,000-fold while retaining the target-specific binding pattern. TCER® molecules built with the maturated TCRs show <i>in vitro</i> activity at picomolar concentrations against tumor cell lines presenting the target peptide at similar copy numbers as found on patient tumors. Further, the TCER® molecules demonstrate consistent tumor regression including complete remissions in tumor xenograft models in mice and thereby also uncovered an essential role for the type of T cell recruiting antibody. For our clinical lead TCER® candidates we confirmed a favorable<i> in vitro</i> safety profile with a broad therapeutic window between tumor and normal cell reactivity against more than 20 different human normal tissue cell types. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have developed a next-generation, half-life extended TCR Bispecific format that in preclinical tests demonstrated higher potency than multiple other established formats. By incorporating an innovative T cell recruiter we aim to reduce the risk for toxicities, specifically CRS, in patients. For each TCER® candidate we generate a robust preclinical data package before entering clinical development.
A Generic Solution to Bottomhole-Assembly Modeling (2006)

Abstract This paper presents industry's first generic algorithm using Lubinski's equations for Bottom-Hole Assembly (BHA) modeling. The algorithm is designed to "self-structure" the BHA model by dividing complicated BHA configurations into independent modules and segments. Modules are bounded by two stabilizers where segments are bounded by BHA components such as stabilizers, bends, and cross-overs, etc. A recursive process is used to derive solutions for each of the segments and modules, one at a time, starting from the top of the BHA (tangential point) down to the bit. Only two unknowns (and two non-linear equations) are left when the recursive process reaches to the bit. The two unknowns are then solved by iteration. As a result, the entire process is robust and extremely computational efficient. The most significant advantage of the new algorithm is probably its accuracy as attributed to the use of closed-form equations. Field data has confirmed that the algorithm is more accurate than the commonly used finite-element based BHA programs especially for the steerable motor systems and rotary steerable systems.
A learning based deformable template matching method for automatic rib centerline extraction and labeling in CT images (2012)

The automatic extraction and labeling of the rib centerlines is a useful yet challenging task in many clinical applications. In this paper, we propose a new approach integrating rib seed point detection and template matching to detect and identify each rib in chest CT scans. The bottom-up learning based detection exploits local image cues and top-down deformable template matching imposes global shape constraints. To adapt to the shape deformation of different rib cages whereas maintain high computational efficiency, we employ a Markov Random Field (MRF) based articulated rigid transformation method followed by Active Contour Model (ACM) deformation. Compared with traditional methods that each rib is individually detected, traced and labeled, the new approach is not only much more robust due to prior shape constraints of the whole rib cage, but removes tedious post-processing such as rib pairing and ordering steps because each rib is automatically labeled during the template matching. For experimental validation, we create an annotated database of 112 challenging volumes with ribs of various sizes, shapes, and pathologies such as metastases and fractures. The proposed approach shows orders of magnitude higher detection and labeling accuracy than state-of-the-art solutions and runs about 40 seconds for a complete rib cage on the average.
A scalable approach to modeling nonlinear structure in hyperspectral imagery and other high-dimensional data using manifold coordinate representations (2010)

In the past we have presented a framework for deriving a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates that directly parameterize high-dimensional data, such as that found in hyperspectral imagery<sup>1234567</sup>.<sup>10</sup> In these previous works, we have described the potential utility of these representations for such diverse problems as land-cover mapping and in-water retrievals such as bathymetry.<sup>10</sup> Because the manifold coordinates are intrinsic, they offer the potential for significant compression of the data, and are furthermore very useful for displaying data structure that can not be seen by linear image processing representations when the data is inherently nonlinear. This is especially true, for example, when the data are known to contain strong nonlinearities, such as in the reflectance data obtained from hyperspectral imaging sensors over the water, where the medium itself is attenuating<sup>235</sup>.<sup>7</sup> These representations are also potentially useful in such applications as anomaly finding<sup>2</sup>.<sup>3</sup> A number of other researchers have looked at different aspects of the manifold coordinate representations such as the best way to exploit these representations through the backend classifier,<sup>15</sup> while others have examined alternative manifold coordinate models.<sup>14</sup> In this paper, we provide an overview of our scalable algorithm for deriving manifold coordinate representations of high-dimensional data such as hyperspectral imagery, describe some of our recent work to improve the local estimation of spectral neighborhood size, and demonstrate the benefits for problems such as anomaly finding.
Reticulocytes bearing C4d as biomarkers of disease activity for systemic lupus erythematosus (2005)

These findings support our hypothesis that C4d-bearing reticulocytes may serve as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with SLE.
CacheCOW (2003)

Managed hosting and enterprise wide resource consolidation trends are increasingly leading to sharing of storage resources across multiple classes, corresponding to different applications/customers, each with a possibly different Quality of Service (QoS) requirement. To enable a storage system to meet diverse QoS requirements, we present two algorithms for dynamically allocating cache space among multiple classes of workloads. Our algorithms dynamically adapt the cache space allocated to each class in response to the observed response time, the temporal locality of reference, and the arrival pattern for each class. Using trace driven simulations collected from large storage system installations, we experimentally demonstrate that the algorithms not only meet the QoS requirements, but also increase the throughput by achieving a higher hit rate whenever feasible.
Influence of Molecular Design on the Field-Effect Transistor Characteristics of Terthiophene Polymers (2005)

Polymers containing thiophene backbones have demonstrated the highest p-type field-effect mobility of any solution-processed polymer to date. One drawback of this class of polymers, however, is that they can possess a relatively low ionization potential, which, in the presence of oxygen, often results in spontaneous p-type doping. As a result, the transistor properties can change with time, leading to low current modulation caused by high off currents. In this work, we have explored strategies to chemically modify the thiophene backbone structure, which leads to changes in both the backbone conformation and microstructure as well as the electronic energy levels of the molecular orbitals. A series of terthiophene polymers were synthesized, and their physical and electrical properties reported. The effects of changes in molecular structure on transistor performance and air stability are discussed.
HPLC Isolation and Purification of Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide of Heliothis Zea (1986)

A pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide hormone (PBAN) of Heliothis Zea has been recently reported by Raina and Klun (1984). This paper reports the isolation and purification of PBAN in addition to data on recovery of biological activity from various workups, molecular weight and amino acid analysis.
Fabrication of phase-shifting masks with shifter overcoat (1991)

Phase-shifting masks have demonstrated the potential to extend the application of existing optical lithography tools by simultaneously enhancing their resolution, depth of focus, and exposure latitude. This paper identifies a processing sequence for the fabrication of phase-shifting masks using spin-on-glass (SOG) as a shifter overcoat. The SOG is applied uniformly, range of 11 nm, across conventional 5-in. mask substrates. A selective wet etch for patterning the SOG is also demonstrated. Using this processing sequence, alternate aperture, phase-shifting masks are fabricated, and both focus and exposure latitude are evaluated. Additionally, the role of shifter wall angle and level-to-level alignment on the sized rim shifter are explored. It was found that a 45° shifter wall angle resulted in ∼10% degradation in the aerial image of a 0.35-μm feature as compared with a vertical wall angle, and an alignment error of 0.25 μm on the reticle resulted in pattern placement errors of 0.06 μm. In order to circumvent second level lithography constraints several self-aligned schemes have been proposed. Two previously published techniques are reviewed and their implications on the shifter overcoat mask are discussed. Finally, having identified several of the limitations related to the overcoat process, issues related to the fabrication of phase-shifting masks with the shifter material beneath the chromium are defined.
#4606 INNOVATIVE METHOD TO EVALUATE MATURATION OF NEWLY CREATED ARTERIO-VENOUS FISTULAS: INSIGHTS FROM A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (2023)

Abstract Background and Aims Recently, we introduced central-venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and estimated upper-body blood flow (eUBBF) to monitor the maturation of newly created arterio-venous fistulas (AVF) in hemodialysis (HD) patients [1]. The approach was implemented in a clinical quality improvement project (QIP). Method The QIP involved two Renal Research Institute dialysis centers in New York City that use the Crit-Line monitor (CLM, Fresenius Medical Care, Waltham, MA, USA) as part of the standard of care. CLM measures automatically and non-invasively hematocrit and oxygen saturation (i.e., ScvO2 in patients with central venous catheter as vascular access). eUBBF was computed as described previously [1]. Patients with a with a newly created AVF were included, irrespective of their HD vintage. The QIP team comprised a registered nurse per clinic, two research physicians, and two data analysts. The team met weekly to assess the AVF maturation progress based on eUBBF and ScvO2 data that were displayed on a specific dashboard. Successful AVF maturation is typically accompanied by a rise in cardiac output and eUBBF that starts immediately after AVF creation. However, it is unknown what degree of eUBBF increase indicates a subsequently successful AVF maturation. To identify predictive eUBBF thresholds, we correlated eUBBF changes with the progress of AVF maturation in the six weeks following AVF creation. We defined maturation as unsuccessful when the newly created AVF required an intervention (e.g., angioplasty) or was abandoned. Results We studied 39 patients (age 56 ±18 years; 25 males). Twenty-eight of them were incident patients. Two patients had a second AVF created. In 15 patients AVF maturation was unsuccessful. In these patients, eUBBF increased to an average of 119.2% (SD 35.2) compared to pre-AFV creation. In patients with successful AFV maturation (N = 24), eUBBF increased to an average of 153.7% (SD 31.6) (Figure 1). The difference between the groups is 34.4 percentage points (95% CI: 12.4 to 56.4; p = 0.003). Using eUBBF as a diagnostic measure to discriminate successful vs. failed AVF maturation, an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.824 (95% CI: 0.673 to 0.925; p&lt;0.0001) was obtained. An eUBBF increase of 25% had a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 92% to predict AVF maturation outcomes. Conclusion Computation of eUBBF provides a simple and non-invasive means to track AVF maturation and predict its outcomes.