gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A decentralized game theoretic approach for team formation and task assignment by autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (2017)

A number of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are tasked to search an unknown/uncertain environment, and neutralize targets whenever they come across such threats. Due to resource constraints of the UAVs, neutralizing some threats require simultaneous effort of a certain number of UAVs in minimum. When a UAV detects multiple such targets which require team efforts, it needs to communicate with its neighbour UAVs asking for their cooperation to form colaitions to neutralize the targets. Since the involved entities are dynamic in nature, a UAV may have to terminate information exchange with its neighbours within a few iterative steps so that the decision making process can be finished before any topological change takes place. Moreover, due to sensor range and communication bandwidth limitations, a UAV cannot know about other tasks available to its neighbours in an instantaneous manner. Through communication, UAVs can learn correspondence between their own utilities and utilities of the neighbour UAVs to different joint action profiles, but not the decisions of other UAVs. We formulate the problem that a UAV faces when it detects multiple such targets and needs to decide as to which target it should try to neutralize, given the uncertainty over the decisions of its neighbour UAVs, in a game theoretic framework. We propose a correlated equilibrium concept based decentralized game theoretic solution that requires local information of the UAVs.
[Separation of hemoglobins F, Fac, S, C, A1c and determination of hemoglobin F using high performance liquid chromatography]. (1994)

Separation of hemoglobins F, Fac, S, C and A1c was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with a cation exchange Polycat A column in a 15-minute assay. HbF titration results were well correlated with those of the reference alkali denaturation technique for values below 12% (r = 0.95; P < 0.001). This technique may be used as a confirmation test for neonatal screening of sickle cell disease.
Malware variant detection using similarity search over content fingerprint (2014)

Detection of polymorphic malware variants plays an important role to improve information system security. Traditional static/dynamic analysis technologies have shown to be an effective characteristic that represents polymorphic malware instances. While these approaches demonstrate promise, they are themselves subject to a growing array of countermeasures that increase the cost of capturing these malware code features. Further, feature extraction requires a time investment per malware that does not scale well to the daily volume of malwares being reported by those who diligently collect malware. In this paper, we propose a similarity search of malware using novel distance (similarity) metrics of malware content fingerprint based on the locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) schemes. We describe a malware by the binary content of the malware contains; the next step is to compute an feature fingerprint for the malware binary image sample by using the SURF algorithm, and then do fast fingerprint matching with the LSH from malware code corpus to return the top most visually (structurally) similar variants. The LSH algorithm that captures malware similarity is based on image similarity. We implement B2M (Binary mapping to image) algorithm, the SURF algorithm and the LSH algorithm in a complete malware variant detection system. The evaluation shows that our approach is highly effective in terms of response time and malware variant detection.
Semi-Supervised Training Using Adversarial Multi-Task Learning for Spoken Language Understanding (2018)

Spoken language understanding (SLU) usually requires human semantic annotation on collected data, but the process is expensive. In order to make better use of unlabeled data for robust SLU, we propose an adversarial multi-task learning method by merging a bidirectional language model (BLM) and a slot tagging model (STM). As a secondary objective, the BLM is used to learn generalized and unsupervised knowledge with abundant unlabeled data and improve the performance of STM on unseen data samples. We construct a shared space for both tasks and independent private spaces for each task respectively. Additional adversarial task discriminator is also used to obtain more task - independent sharing information. Experiments show that the proposed approaches achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the small scale ATIS benchmark and significantly improve the semi -supervised performance on a large-scale dataset.
Source-controlled channel decoding (1995)

Source and channel coding have been treated separately in most cases. It can be observed that most source coding algorithms for voice, audio and images still have correlation in certain bits. Transmission errors in these bits usually account for the significant errors in the reconstructed source signal. This paper proposes a modification of the Viterbi decoding algorithm (VA) for binary trellises which uses a priori or a posteriori information about the source bit probability for better decoding in addition to soft inputs and channel state information. Analytical upper bounds for the BER of convolutional codes for this modified VA (APRI-VA) are given. The algorithm is combined with the soft output viterbi algorithm (SOVA) and an estimator for the residual correlation of the source bits to achieve source-controlled channel decoding for framed source bits. The description is simplified by an algebra for the log-likelihood ratio L(u)=log(P(u=+1)/P(u=-1)) which allows a clear definition of the "soft" values of source-, channel-, and decoded bits as well as a simplified description of the traceback version of the SOVA. Applications are given for PCM transmission and the full rate GSM speech codec. For an PCM coded oversampled bandlimited Gaussian source transmitted over Gaussian and Rayleigh channels with convolutional codes the decoding errors are reduced by a factor of 4 to 5 when the APRI-SOVA is used instead of the VA. A simple dynamic Markov correlation estimator is used. With these receiver-only modifications the channel SNR in a bad mobile environment can be lowered by 2 to 4 dB resulting in the same voice quality. Further applications are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screening Congo Red and its analogues for their ability to prevent the formation of PrP-res in scrapie-infected cells (2000)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are incurable, fatal diseases. The dye Congo Red (CR) can cure cells infected with agents of the sheep TSE, scrapie, but is not used as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent in vivo, as its effects are small, possibly due to low blood-brain barrier permeability, and complicated by its intrinsic carcinogenicity. In this paper, the development is described of a structure-activity profile for CR by testing a series of analogues of this dye for their ability to inhibit the formation of the protease-resistant prion protein, PrP-res, a molecular marker for the infectious agent, in the scrapie-infected, SMB cell line. It was found that the central benzidine unit in CR, which gives the molecule potential carcinogenicity, can be replaced by other, less toxic moieties and that the sulphonate groups on the core molecule can be replaced by carboxylic acids, which should improve the brain permeability of these compounds. However, detailed dose-response curves were generated for several derivatives and they revealed that, while some compounds showed inhibition of PrP-res accumulation at high concentrations, at low concentrations they actually stimulated levels of PrP-res above control values.
Toward a universal quantum programming language (2019)

Quantum computing may be more powerful than classical computing, but it has a radically different programming model. While current languages are in their infancy and future languages are likely to be different, now is a great time for language designers and implementers to try new ideas.
Effects of 3'-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) on the repair of X-ray-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks in Chinese hamster V79 cells. (1990)

The ability of cordycepin to inhibit the repair of DNA strand breaks was examined with X-irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells in log-phase culture. A filter elution technique revealed that 70 microM cordycepin did not inhibit the repair of single-strand breaks but inhibited the repair of double-strand breaks. These findings confirmed the fact that the increase in the lethality of cordycepin in X-irradiated cultured mammalian cells was attributable to unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks.
Transplanted Stem Cell-Secreted Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Effects Poststroke Recovery, Inflammation, and Vascular Repair (2011)

Cell transplantation offers a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke; however, how transplanted cells function in vivo is poorly understood. We show for the first time that after subacute transplantation into the ischemic brain of human central nervous system stem cells grown as neurospheres (hCNS-SCns), the stem cell-secreted factor, human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF), is necessary for cell-induced functional recovery. We correlate this functional recovery to hVEGF-induced effects on the host brain including multiple facets of vascular repair and its unexpected suppression of the inflammatory response. We found that transplanted hCNS-SCns affected multiple parameters in the brain with different kinetics: early improvement in blood-brain barrier integrity and suppression of inflammation was followed by a delayed spatiotemporal regulated increase in neovascularization. These events coincided with a bimodal pattern of functional recovery, with, an early recovery independent of neovascularization, and a delayed hVEGF-dependent recovery coincident with neovascularization. Therefore, cell transplantation therapy offers an exciting multimodal strategy for brain repair in stroke and potentially other disorders with a vascular or inflammatory component.
Global Asset Allocation with Multirisk Considerations (1998)

Multirisk asset allocations help investors optimally balance their desire for expected return with their aversion to two types of risk—absolute volatility and tracking error relative to a benchmark. Zhang empirically tests a multirisk optimization model by allocating funds among global equity markets. The results suggest that mean– variance tracking error optimization may provide more efficient portfolios than the traditional approach of mean–variance with constraints.
RETRACTED: Cell-Permeable NM23 Blocks the Maintenance and Progression of Established Pulmonary Metastasis (2011)

Occult metastases are a major cause of cancer mortality, even among patients undergoing curative resection. Therefore, practical strategies to target the growth and persistence of already established metastases would provide an important advance in cancer treatment. Here, we assessed the potential of protein therapy using a cell permeable NM23-H1 metastasis suppressor protein. Hydrophobic transduction domains developed from a screen of 1,500 signaling peptide sequences enhanced the uptake of the NM23 protein by cultured cells and systemic delivery to animal tissues. The cell-permeable (CP)-NM23 inhibited metastasis-associated phenotypes in tumor cell lines, blocked the establishment of lung metastases, and cleared already established pulmonary metastases, significantly prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing animals. Therefore, these results establish the potential use of cell-permeable metastasis suppressors as adjuvant therapy against disseminated cancers.
Deep learning in medical imaging and radiation therapy (2018)

The goals of this review paper on deep learning (DL) in medical imaging and radiation therapy are to (a) summarize what has been achieved to date; (b) identify common and unique challenges, and strategies that researchers have taken to address these challenges; and (c) identify some of the promising avenues for the future both in terms of applications as well as technical innovations. We introduce the general principles of DL and convolutional neural networks, survey five major areas of application of DL in medical imaging and radiation therapy, identify common themes, discuss methods for dataset expansion, and conclude by summarizing lessons learned, remaining challenges, and future directions.
Improved strapdown inertial measurement unit calibration procedures (2018)

This article describes an improved strapdown rotation test (SRT) for calibrating the compensation coefficients in a strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU). The SRT consists of a set of IMU rotation sequences and processing routines that enable precision determination of IMU gyro/accelerometer misalignment, gyro/accelerometer scale factor, and accelerometer bias calibration errors, all without requiring precision rotation fixtures and IMU mounting procedures. The improved SRT is compatible with a broad range of IMU types from aircraft accuracy inertial navigation systems to low cost micro-machined electronic module systems (MEMS). This article describes the general theory for the improved rotation tests, rotation test operations, data collection during test, post-test data processing, rotation test fixture requirements, and an analysis of SRT accuracy in determining IMU sensor errors.
SARS-CoV-2 induces transcriptional signatures in human lung epithelial cells that promote lung fibrosis (2020)

Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 binds with ACE2 and activates fibrosis-related genes and processes to induce lung fibrosis.
A Rotated-Coordinate Gaussian Position Reconstruction Algorithm for the Microwave Landing System (1990)

The Microwave Landing System (MLS) avionics convert the received signals of range, azimuth angle, and elevation angle to yield aircraft position in Cartesian coordinates relative to a point on the centerline of the selected runway. This enables area navigation, including multileg, curved, and computed centerline approaches. The MLS ground equipment transmitters may be sited in various arrangements relative to the runway; an iterative algorithm is required in the avionics to compute the correct approach path. The size and speed of the algorithm, and its computational burden, affect the MLS avionics storage and timing requirements. The principal candidate algorithms are Gauss-Seidel (GS) and Newton-Raphson (NR) types. The usual GS types may diverge within the minimum MLS coverage, while the NR types have problems with singularities and multiple solutions, need more storage, and impose a greater computational burden. This paper presents a GS algorithm which, by an ideal rotation of the coordinate system, enables fast convergence everywhere in the maximum MLS coverage.
Power aware HEVC streaming for mobile (2013)

Mobile devices, increasingly equipped with high capability processors and connected with fast wireless networks, have become a major consumer of multi-media content. Limited battery life on mobile devices makes power saving a critical factor in delivering a good user experience. This paper proposes a power aware streaming system that combines the emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard. The proposed system uses power aware HEVC encoding technologies and client side power adaptation logic to adaptively control power consumption on the client device. The proposed power aware HEVC streaming system can improve quality of experience by setting full-length video playback as client's objective. Demonstration of the proposed power aware HEVC system is available on the ASUS Transformer Xfinity (TF700T) tablet using an ARM processor.
IRFinder: assessing the impact of intron retention on mammalian gene expression (2017)

Intron retention (IR) occurs when an intron is transcribed into pre-mRNA and remains in the final mRNA. We have developed a program and database called IRFinder to accurately detect IR from mRNA sequencing data. Analysis of 2573 samples showed that IR occurs in all tissues analyzed, affects over 80% of all coding genes and is associated with cell differentiation and the cell cycle. Frequently retained introns are enriched for specific RNA binding protein sites and are often retained in clusters in the same gene. IR is associated with lower protein levels and intron-retaining transcripts that escape nonsense-mediated decay are not actively translated.
Microstructure and Rheology of Lime Putty (2009)

The rheology of lime binders, which is critical in the final performance of lime mortars and plasters, is poorly understood, particularly in its relationship with the microstructure and colloidal characteristics of slaked lime (Ca(OH)(2)) suspensions (i.e., lime putties). Here, the contrasting flow behavior of lime putties obtained upon slaking (hydration) of soft and hard burnt quicklimes (CaO) is compared and discussed in terms of the differences found in particle size, morphology, degree of aggregation, and fractal nature of aggregates as well as their evolution with aging time. We show that lime putties behave as non-Newtonian fluids, with thixotropic and rheopectic behavior observed for hard and soft burnt limes, respectively. Aggregation of portlandite nanoparticles in the aqueous suspension controls the time evolution of the rheological properties of lime putty, which is also influenced by the dominant slaking mechanism, that is, liquid versus vapor slaking in hard and soft burnt quicklimes, respectively. These results may be of relevance in the selection of optimal procedures and conditions for the preparation of lime mortars used in the conservation of historical buildings.
Clinical development and regulatory points for consideration for second-generation live attenuated dengue vaccines (2018)

Licensing and decisions on public health use of a vaccine rely on a robust clinical development program that permits a risk-benefit assessment of the product in the target population. Studies undertaken early in clinical development, as well as well-designed pivotal trials, allow for this robust characterization. In 2012, WHO published guidelines on the quality, safety and efficacy of live attenuated dengue tetravalent vaccines. Subsequently, efficacy and longer-term follow-up data have become available from two Phase 3 trials of a dengue vaccine, conducted in parallel, and the vaccine was licensed in December 2015. The findings and interpretation of the results from these trials released both before and after licensure have highlighted key complexities for tetravalent dengue vaccines, including concerns vaccination could increase the incidence of dengue disease in certain subpopulations. This report summarizes clinical and regulatory points for consideration that may guide vaccine developers on some aspects of trial design and facilitate regulatory review to enable broader public health recommendations for second-generation dengue vaccines.
Content-driven Multi-modal Techniques for Non-linear Video Navigation (2015)

The growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has been remarkable in the last few years. A significant amount of MOOCs content is in the form of videos and participants often use non-linear navigation to browse through a video. This paper proposes the design of a system that provides non-linear navigation in educational videos using features derived from a combination of audio and visual content of a video. It provides multiple dimensions for quickly navigating to a given point of interest in a video i.e., customized dynamic time-aware word-cloud, video pages, and a 2-D timeline. In word-cloud, the relative placement of the words indicates their temporal ordering in the video whereas color codes are used to represent acoustic stress. The 2-D timeline is used to present multiple occurrences of a keyword/concept in the video in response to user click in the word-cloud. Additionally, visual content is analyzed to identify frames with "maximum written content", known as video pages. We conducted a user study with 20 users to evaluate the proposed system and compared it with transcription-based interfaces used by major MOOC providers. Our findings suggest that the proposed system leads to statistically significant navigation time savings especially on multimodal navigation tasks.
Surface-aerosol stability and pathogenicity of diverse MERS-CoV strains from 2012 - 2018 (2021)

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a coronavirus that infects both humans and dromedary camels and is responsible for an ongoing outbreak of severe respiratory illness in humans in the Middle East. While some mutations found in camel-derived MERS-CoV strains have been characterized, the majority of natural variation found across MERS-CoV isolates remains unstudied. Here we report on the environmental stability, replication kinetics and pathogenicity of several diverse isolates of MERS-CoV as well as SARS-CoV-2 to serve as a basis of comparison with other stability studies. While most of the MERS-CoV isolates exhibited similar stability and pathogenicity in our experiments, the camel derived isolate, C/KSA/13, exhibited reduced surface stability while another camel isolate, C/BF/15, had reduced pathogenicity in a small animal model. These results suggest that while betacoronaviruses may have similar environmental stability profiles, individual variation can influence this phenotype, underscoring the importance of continual, global viral surveillance.
World Allergy Organization-McMaster University Guidelines for Allergic Disease Prevention (GLAD-P): Probiotics (2020)

BackgroundPrevalence of allergic diseases in infants, whose parents and siblings do not have allergy, is approximately 10% and reaches 20–30% in those with an allergic first-degree relative. Intestinal microbiota may modulate immunologic and inflammatory systemic responses and, thus, influence development of sensitization and allergy. Probiotics have been reported to modulate immune responses and their supplementation has been proposed as a preventive intervention.ObjectiveThe World Allergy Organization (WAO) convened a guideline panel to develop evidence-based recommendations about the use of probiotics in the prevention of allergy.MethodsWe identified the most relevant clinical questions and performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the prevention of allergy. We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to develop recommendations. We searched for and reviewed the evidence about health effects, patient values and preferences, and resource use (up to November 2014). We followed the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework to develop recommendations.ResultsCurrently available evidence does not indicate that probiotic supplementation reduces the risk of developing allergy in children. However, considering all critical outcomes in this context, the WAO guideline panel determined that there is a likely net benefit from using probiotics resulting primarily from prevention of eczema. The WAO guideline panel suggests: a) using probiotics in pregnant women at high risk for having an allergic child; b) using probiotics in women who breastfeed infants at high risk of developing allergy; and c) using probiotics in infants at high risk of developing allergy. All recommendations are conditional and supported by very low quality evidence.ConclusionsWAO recommendations about probiotic supplementation for prevention of allergy are intended to support parents, clinicians and other health care professionals in their decisions whether to use probiotics in pregnancy and during breastfeeding, and whether to give them to infants.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40413-015-0055-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.