gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of ephrin-A5 aggravates disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2019)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brainstem, spinal cord and motor cortex. ALS is characterized by genetic and clinical heterogeneity, suggesting the existence of genetic factors that modify the phenotypic expression of the disease. We previously identified the axonal guidance EphA4 receptor, member of the Eph-ephrin system, as an ALS disease-modifying factor. EphA4 genetic inhibition rescued the motor neuron phenotype in zebrafish and a rodent model of ALS. Preventing ligands from binding to the EphA4 receptor also successfully improved disease, suggesting a role for EphA4 ligands in ALS. One particular ligand, ephrin-A5, is upregulated in reactive astrocytes after acute neuronal injury and inhibits axonal regeneration. Moreover, it plays a role during development in the correct pathfinding of motor axons towards their target limb muscles. We hypothesized that a constitutive reduction of ephrin-A5 signalling would benefit disease progression in a rodent model for ALS. We discovered that in the spinal cord of control and symptomatic ALS mice ephrin-A5 was predominantly expressed in neurons. Surprisingly, reduction of ephrin-A5 levels in SOD1 G93A mice accelerated disease progression and reduced survival without affecting disease onset, motor neuron numbers or innervated neuromuscular junctions in symptomatic mice. These findings suggest ephrin-A5 as a modifier of disease progression that might play a role in the later stages of the disease. Similarly, we identified a more aggressive disease progression in patients with lower ephrin-A5 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid without modifying disease onset. In summary, we identified reduced expression of ephrin-A5 to accelerate disease progression in a mouse model of ALS as well as in humans. Combined with our previous findings on the role of EphA4 in ALS our current data suggests different contribution for various members of the Eph-ephrin system in the pathophysiology of a motor neuron disease.
Cloud resource orchestration: A data-centric approach (2011)

Cloud computing provides users near instant access to seemingly unlimited resources, and provides service providers the opportunity to deploy complex information technology infrastructure, as a service, to their customers. Providers bene t from economies of scale and multiplexing gains a orded by sharing of resources through virtualization of the underlying physical infrastructure. However, the scale and highly dynamic nature of cloud platforms impose signi cant new challenges to cloud service providers. In particular, realizing sophisticated cloud services requires a cloud control framework that can orchestrate cloud resource provisioning, con guration, utilization and decommissioning across a distributed set of physical resources. In this paper we advocate a data-centric approach to cloud orchestration. Following this approach, cloud resources are modeled as structured data that can be queried by a declarative language, and updated with well-de ned transactional semantics. We examine the feasibility, bene ts and challenges of the approach, and present our design and prototype implementation of the Data-centric Management Framework (DMF) as a solution, with data models, query languages and semantics that are speci cally designed for cloud resource orchestration.
Experimental verification of a command shaping boom crane control system (1999)

Presents experimental results of a command shaping control method for suppressing payload swing caused by operator commanded manoeuvres, in rotary, ship-based, boom cranes. The crane configuration investigated, consists of a payload mass that swings on the end of a spherical pendulum of varying lift-line length (hoisting). The lift-line is attached to a boom capable of elevation (luffing) and rotation about a vertical axis (slewing). Positioning of the payload is accomplished through luff, slew and hoist commands issued in real-time by an operator. The command shaping strategy, consisting of a time-varying filter, reduces payload oscillation by 18 dB in experiments using the 1/16th scale Navy Crane Testbed at Sandia National Laboratories.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Ruthenium Catalysts for Metathesis Reactions (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immersive light field video with a layered mesh representation (2020)

We present a system for capturing, reconstructing, compressing, and rendering high quality immersive light field video. We accomplish this by leveraging the recently introduced DeepView view interpolation algorithm, replacing its underlying multi-plane image (MPI) scene representation with a collection of spherical shells that are better suited for representing panoramic light field content. We further process this data to reduce the large number of shell layers to a small, fixed number of RGBA+depth layers without significant loss in visual quality. The resulting RGB, alpha, and depth channels in these layers are then compressed using conventional texture atlasing and video compression techniques. The final compressed representation is lightweight and can be rendered on mobile VR/AR platforms or in a web browser. We demonstrate light field video results using data from the 16-camera rig of [Pozo et al. 2019] as well as a new low-cost hemispherical array made from 46 synchronized action sports cameras. From this data we produce 6 degree of freedom volumetric videos with a wide 70 cm viewing baseline, 10 pixels per degree angular resolution, and a wide field of view, at 30 frames per second video frame rates. Advancing over previous work, we show that our system is able to reproduce challenging content such as view-dependent reflections, semi-transparent surfaces, and near-field objects as close as 34 cm to the surface of the camera rig.
IMP (2015)

Machine learning, graph analytics and sparse linear algebra-based applications are dominated by irregular memory accesses resulting from following edges in a graph or non-zero elements in a sparse matrix. These accesses have little temporal or spatial locality, and thus incur long memory stalls and large bandwidth requirements. A traditional streaming or striding prefetcher cannot capture these irregular access patterns.
Fluorinated chemistry for high-quality, low hydrogen plasma-deposited silicon nitride films (1987)

We have developed a low-temperature (≲300 °C) plasma deposition process to prepare novel fluorine-containing silicon nitride films (p-SiN:F) using SiH4–NF3–N2 discharge mixtures at 14 MHz rf applied frequency. The deposition rate can be extremely high, up to 1600 Å/min. Data indicate p-SiN:F has electrical properties (dielectric constant, breakdown strength, resistivity, etc.) which compare favorably to high-temperature, chemical-vapor-deposited silicon nitride. By controlling the feed chemistry and physical variables of the discharge, a wide variety of film compositions are achieved. Moreover, this chemistry is superior to the only other p-SiN:F which was prepared from a SiF2/SiF4-H2-N2 feed. Two classes of films were identified as stable or unstable to air exposure and the instability of the films correlated with the atom fraction of fluorine initially incorporated. Infrared, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements show that low hydrogen concentrations are produced by the introduction of fluorine in the silicon nitride films. More importantly, the concentration of Si–H is extremely low because strong Si–F bonding replaces the weak Si–H bonds that satisfy free Si orbitals found in conventional plasma nitride, and the hydrogen remaining in the film is present as stable N–H bonds. We believe this substitution of silicon-bound hydrogen, caused by the gas phase and surface-driven reactions, is a source of superior film properties. The mechanism for this novel discharge chemistry is discussed.
Toward incremental FIB aggregation with quick selections (FAQS) (2018)

FIB aggregation is the most feasible solution to mitigate FIB overflow. We present FAQS, an algorithm that uses a single tree traversal to perform faster FIB aggregation and update handling. FAQS is 2.53 and 1.75 times faster than the-state-of-the-art FIB aggregation algorithm for IPv4 and IPv6 FIBs respectively while achieving a near-optimal aggregation ratio.
Laser decal transfer of electronic materials with thin film characteristics (2008)

We describe a novel technique, called laser decal transfer, for the laser forward transfer of electronic inks that allows the non-contact direct writing of thin film-like patterns and structures on glass and plastic substrates. This technique allows the direct printing of materials such as metallic nano-inks from a donor substrate to the receiving substrate while maintaining the size and shape of the area illuminated by the laser transfer pulse. That is, the area of the donor substrate or ribbon exposed to the laser pulse releases an identical area of nano-ink material which retains its shape while it travels across the gap between the ribbon and the receiving substrate forming a deposited pattern of the same dimensions. As a result, this technique does not exhibit the limited resolution, non-uniform thickness, irregular edge features and surrounding debris associated with earlier laser forward transfer techniques. Continuous and uniform metallic lines typically 5 micrometers or less in width, and a few hundred nanometers in thickness were fabricated by laser decal transfer. These lines are of similar scale as patterns generated by lithographic techniques. Once transferred, the lines are laser-cured in-situ using a CW laser beam, becoming electrically conductive with resistivities as low as 3.4 μΩ cm. This novel laser direct-write technique is a significant improvement in terms of quality and fidelity for directwrite processes and offers great promise for electronic applications such as in the development, customization, modification, and/or repair of microelectronic circuits.
Automated synthesis of analog electrical circuits by means of genetic programming (1997)

Analog circuit synthesis entails the creation of both the topology and the sizing (numerical values) of all of the circuit's components. This paper presents a single uniform approach using genetic programming for the automatic synthesis of both the topology and sizing of a suite of eight different prototypical analog circuits, including a low-pass filter, a crossover filter, a source identification circuit, an amplifier, a computational circuit, a time-optimal controller circuit, a temperature-sensing circuit, and a voltage reference circuit. The problem-specific information required for each of the eight problems is minimal and consists of the number of inputs and outputs of the desired circuit, the types of available components, and a fitness measure that restates the high-level statement of the circuit's desired behavior as a measurable mathematical quantity. The eight genetically evolved circuits constitute an instance of an evolutionary computation technique producing results on a task that is usually thought of as requiring human intelligence.
A Satellite System with Limited-Scan Spot Beams (1979)

A satellite system with several independent spot beams is considered, wherein each spot beam can be scanned over a limited portion of some large service region. The spectral band is totally reused in each spot beam, thereby providing high system capacity. Such a system combines the high antenna gain advantages of a fixed beam system while providing access to the satellite from any point within the overall service region. Moreover, the transmission resources of the satellite can be dynamically allocated to match time-varying changes of the possibly nonuniform terrestrial traffic patterns. The limited-scan antenna forms multiple spot beams, each of which scans only in one dimension; by alternating polarizations among scan strips, high isolation between beams is guaranteed. We show that nearly equal volumes of traffic can be served by each limited scan beam by proper orientation of the scan regions, and complete interconnectivity among all points in all scan regions is achieved easily. A practical antenna design to implement this concept is presented.
Treatment of Crude Petroleum/Water Emulsions by Agglomeration Methods Using Fine Coal (1985)

Persistent crude petroleum-water emulsions are produced in the recovery and extraction of heavier oils, for example, in the hot water processing of surface mined oil sands and during in-situ methods such as steam- or water-flooding. Over the past few years, much attention has been directed to the oil agglomeration method as a means of recovering and upgrading fine coal in water suspensions. The work reported here concerns the use of crude petroleum from produced emulsions in the coal agglomeration process. Two problems are adddressed in this way. Not only is oil recovered and emulsions broken in the case of the produced emulsions, but the coal is also benificiated through the rejection of water and inorganic impurities because of the selectivity of the agglomeration technique. Laboratory-scale experiments are reported using three different samples of produced emulsion from western Canada and a fine coal from waste tailings of a coal preparation plant. Results of the experiments are considered from the point-of-view of both the cleaning of the coal and the treatment of the crude emulsions. Concepts for incorporating this separation scheme into a coal-oil co-processing flowsheet are briefly discussed
11.7 A multimodality CMOS sensor array for cell-based assay and drug screening (2015)

Cell-based assays are powerful tools to characterize cell- or tissue-specific physiological behaviors under external biochemical stimuli. External biochemical stimuli trigger endogenous cellular mechanisms that produce a cascade of physiological changes, resulting in easily measurable signals. Cell-based assays are widely used for large-scale drug screening in the pharmaceutical industry, where in vitro cultured cells are used to characterize the potency and toxicity of thousands of chemicals, leading to new drug development. This is particularly relevant in individualized medicine as patient-derived cells can test personalized drug responses. However, most current cell-based assays are conducted on single-modality sensors (electrical or optical only), which cannot capture the complexity of multi-parameter physiological responses. Sequentially transporting cell samples through different sensor platforms results in low throughput and potential abrogation of cell functions, while parallel monitoring of multiple samples with different modalities is subject to cell-to-cell variation even in a homogeneous cell population.
Inactivated Mouse Cytomegalovirus Vaccine: Preparation, Immunogenicity, and Protective Effect (1980)

Mouse cytomegalovirus (CMV) was rapidly and completely inactivated at 37 C by formalin diluted 1:4,000. Of 18 mice that received two doses of inactivated mouse CMV, 16 survived challenge with 250% lethal doses of mouse CMV; one of 11 mice receiving two doses of a control preparation survived the challenge (P < 0.005). After challenge with live virus, recognizable morbidity occurred in only four of 16 recipients of inactivated mouse CMV, but the virus was recovered from the salivary glands of 15 animals. Mice with reciprocal prechallenge titers of neutralizing antibody of < 4 demonstrated significantly higher morbidity and mortality than mice with higher antibody titers. Administration of inactivated mouse CMV did not depress responsiveness of spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin. Most mice immunized with inactivated virus developed only mild or subclinical infections after challenge with lethal doses of mouse CMV.
Non-coherent detectors for quadrature-multiplexed continuous phase modulation signals (2009)

Here, non-coherent detectors for quadrature-multiplexed continuous phase modulation (QM-CPM) signals are developed (Fonseka et al., 2008). QM-CPM signals are more spectrally efficient than CPM signals, and multiamplitude QM-CPM signals can be constructed that outperform QAM. The non-coherent detectors view a QM-CPM signal as having composite states that represent the information modulated both onto the in-phase and quadrature-phase carriers. Viterbi decoding is used to jointly detect the quadrature-multiplexed signal components. Optimal sequence-based quadrature-matched filter (QMF) detectors are presented for use with QM-CPM detection and a QM-MSK detector is developed in detail. Differential phase and envelope (DPE) detectors are also presented which require less computation and are able to outperform the QMF-type detectors when the unknown carrier phase varies (phase jitter, phase hits etc.) within the sequence length used in the sequence-based QMF detectors. In the absence of these phase fluctuation effects, as the sequence length used in the QMF detectors increases, the performance of the QMF detectors approaches the performance of optimal non-coherent detection. The DPE-type detectors perform within about 2.5 dB of optimal coherent detection.
Unified maximum power tracking among distributed power sources (2014)

Presented herein is Uniform Input Voltage Distribution (UIVD) control [6-9] for Distributed-Input Series-Output (DISO) converter power systems. UIVD for DISO converters is implemented to primarily achieve grouped maximum power throughput from non-identical power sources. This paper also offers a revised Maximum Power Tracking (MPT) controller [11] that facilitates simultaneous processing of distributed power flows among DISO converters. Conventionally, peak powers of distributed power sources are individually tracked by distributed converters that are controlled by independent MPT controllers (IMPT) without UIVD. However, when distributed power sources have similar peak power voltages, such IMPT controllers are not necessary. With UIVD, only one MPT controller is sufficient to achieve near-maximum use of available power. The resulting power and control architectures offer near-maximum power transfer with a lower parts count. Two DISO power converter architectures are described herein: one having a battery-dominated output and the other with a regulated-voltage output. Computer simulation and prototype testing have validated both power architectures with fault-tolerant grouped-tracking uniform voltage distribution (GT-UVD).
Millimeter-order imaging technique from 100 keV to MeV based on germanium Compton camera (2010)

A prototype molecular imaging system that features wide-band imaging capability from 100 keV to MeV was developed based on a germanium Compton camera. In this system, radiotracer imaging is performed through the Compton imaging technique above 300 keV and through the coded mask imaging technique below 200 keV. For practical use, small animal imaging requires spatial resolution of the order of millimeters. We conducted tests with a multiple-well phantom containing <sup>99m</sup>Tc (140 keV) and <sup>54</sup>Mn (834 keV), and confirmed the spatial resolution of better than 3.2 mm for the phantom placed 35 mm above the detector. We also report imaging results of a living mouse into which we injected <sup>99m</sup>Tc (140 keV) and <sup>54</sup>Mn (834 keV).
Modal analysis of a drumlike silencer (2002)

Low-frequency duct noise is difficult to deal with by passive methods such as porous duct lining. Reactive methods like expansion chamber are rather bulky, while compact resonators are too narrow banded. This study shows that a suitably stretched thin membrane backed by a slender cavity can achieve a satisfactory performance from low to medium frequencies over an octave band. The present paper focuses on the details of the modal behavior of the fully coupled membrane-cavity system, and examples are given with parameters set in a practical range. Typically, the membrane has a structure to air mass ratio of unity, and is stretched towards the elastic stress limit for a material like aluminum. The backing cavity has a depth equal to the duct height and a length five times the duct height. Three resonant peaks are found in the low to medium frequency range while the transmission loss between adjacent peaks remain above 10 dB. For the first peak, almost complete sound reflection occurs as a result of an out-of-phase combination of the first and second in vacuo modes of simply supported membranes. The second peak is solely contributed to by the first mode, while the third peak features mainly the second mode vibration.
User-Adaptable Comfort Control for HVAC Systems (1994)

This paper describes a new approach to the control of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The fundamental concept of the new approach is that the controller learns to predict the actual thermal sensation of the specific occupant by tuning parameters of a model of the occupant’s thermal sensation. The parameters are adjusted with respect to thermal sensation ratings acquired from the specific occupant and measurements of physical variables that affect thermal sensation so that with time the model accurately reflects the thermal sensation of the specific occupant. From a lumped-parameter model of a singleroom enclosure, it is shown that the stability of the nominal system can be maintained by utilizing a priori information about the parameters of the thermal sensation model. The method is implemented on a ductless, split-system heat pump. Experiments using human subjects verify the feasibility of the method.