gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SubTTD: DOA Estimation via Sub-Nyquist Tensor Train Decomposition (2022)

Conventional tensor direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods for sparse arrays apply canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) to the high-order coarray covariance tensor for retrieving angle information. However, due to the low convergence rate of CPD-based algorithms for high-order tensors, these methods suffer from a high computation cost. To address this issue, a sub-Nyquist tensor train decomposition (SubTTD)-based DOA estimation method is proposed for a three-dimensional (3-D) sparse array, where an augmented virtual array is derived from the sub-Nyquist tensor statistics. To reduce computational complexity of processing the 6-D coarray covariance tensor, the proposed SubTTD model efficiently decomposes it into a train of head matrix, 3-D core tensors, and tail matrix. Based on that, a core tensor decomposition and a change-of-basis transformation for the head matrix are designed to retrieve canonical polyadic factors of the coarray covariance tensor for DOA estimation. The computational efficiency of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed, and its effectiveness is verified via simulations.
Influence of oxygen partial pressure and silver additions on microstructure and related properties of YBCO superconductors (1992)

Microstructure has a great influence on the mechanical and superconducting properties of YBCO. Mechanical properties of YBCO can be improved by both modifying the monolithic microstructure and developing composites of YBCO with silver (Ag). When monolithic YBCO was sintered to high densities ({approx} 91%) at a relatively low temperature ({approx} 910{degrees}C) by controlling oxygen partial pressure during sintering, the result was a small-grain microstructure (average grain size {approx} 5 {mu}m) and hence a high strength of 191 {plus_minus} 7 MPa. Addition of Ag as a second phase further improved the strength of YBCO. Composites of YBCO with 10 to 15 vol % Ag has a strength of 225 {plus_minus} 6 MPa and a fracture toughness of 3.3 {plus_minus} 0.2 MPa{radical}m. These improvements are believed to be due to compressive stresses in the YBCO matrix as a result of thermal mismatch between the YBCO and Ag phases. Furthermore, the Ag particles may provide increased resistance to crack propagation by pinning the crack. On the other hand, addition of Ag as a dopant to substitute for Cu sites in YBCO has a profound but nonmonotonic effect on grain microstructure and the resulting critical current density.
Soluble Pep Statins: A New Approach to Blockade in Vivo of the Renin–Angiotensin System (1978)

1. Synthesis of several pepstatin A derivatives was performed with the aim of increasing water solubility without altering the capacity to inhibit the renin-angiotensinogen reaction. 2. Pepstatinyl-arginine-O-methyl ester was studied in vitro and in vivo and compared with pepstatin A and with the arginine salt of pepstatin A. 3. This compound inhibited in vitro the reaction between purified hog renin and the synthetic renin N-acetyl-tetradecapeptide or the natural rat renin substrate. The inhibitory constant was of the same order of magnitude as that of pepstatin A. 4. In renal hypertensive rats, the bolus injection of pepstatinyl-arginine-O-methyl-ester or of the arginine salt of pepstatin decreased blood pressure to the same extent as a bolus injection of Sar1, Ala8-angiotensin II.
Fuselage mounted anti-collision lights utilizing high power LEDs (2005)

As LEDs continue to improve in efficacy and total light output, they are increasingly finding their way in to new applications in the aviation industry as well as adjacent markets. One function that is particularly challenging and may reap substantial benefits from this new technology is the fuselage mounted anti-collision light. Anti-collision lights provide conspicuity for the aircraft by periodically emitting bright flashes of light. The color, light distribution and intensity levels for these lights are all closely regulated through Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) documents. These lighting requirements, along with thermal, environmental and aerodynamic requirements, drive the overall design. In this paper, we will discuss the existing technologies used in anti-collision lights and the advantages and challenges associated with an LED solution. Particular attention will be given to the optical, thermal, electrical and aerodynamic aspects associated with an LED approach. A specific case study will be presented along with some of the challenges that have arisen during the design process. These challenges include the addition of an integrated covert anti-collision lighting.
Development of high quantum efficiency, flat panel, thick detectors for megavoltage x‐ray imaging: A novel direct‐conversion design and its feasibility (2004)

Most electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) developed to date, including recently developed flat panel systems, have low x-ray absorption, i.e., low quantum efficiency (QE) of 2%-4% as compared to the theoretical limit of 100%. A significant increase of QE is desirable for applications such as a megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (MVCT) and megavoltage fluoroscopy. However, the spatial resolution of an imaging system usually decreases significantly with an increase of QE. The key to the success in the design of a high QE detector is therefore to maintain the spatial resolution. Recently, we demonstrated theoretically that it is possible to design a portal imaging detector with both high QE and high resolution [see Pang and Rowlands, Med. Phys. 29, 2274 (2002)]. In this paper, we introduce such a novel design consisting of a large number of microstructured plates (made by, e.g., photolithographic patterning of evaporated or electroplated layers) packed together and aligned with the incident x rays. On each plate, microstrip charge collectors are focused toward the x-ray source to collect charges generated in the ionization medium (e.g., air or gas) surrounded by high-density materials that act as x-ray converters. The collected charges represent the x-ray image and can be read out by various means, including a two-dimensional (2-D) active readout matrix. The QE, spatial resolution, and sensitivity of the detector have been calculated. It has been shown that the new design will have a QE of more than an order of magnitude higher and a spatial resolution equivalent to that of flat panel systems currently used for portal imaging. The new design is also quantum noise limited down to very low doses (approximately 1-2 radiation pulses of the linear accelerator).
Fuel Flexible Distributed Combustion for Gas Turbine Engines (2012)

Distributed Combustion provides significant performance improvement of gas turbine combustors including uniform thermal field in the entire combustion chamber (improved pattern factor), ultra low emission of NOx and CO, low noise, enhanced stability and higher efficiency. Distributed combustion with swirl have been investigated to determine the beneficial aspects of such flows on clean and efficient combustion under simulated gas turbine combustion conditions with close focus on NOx emission. Near Zero emissions of NO and CO have been demonstrated using methane under distributed combustion conditions with heat release intensities commensurable to gas turbine applications. In this paper, distributed combustion is further investigated using both gaseous and liquid fuels with emphasis on pollutants emission and combustor performance with each fuel. Performance evaluation with the different fuels is established to outline the flexibility of the combustor in handling a wide range of fuels with different calorific values and phases with focus on ultra-low pollutants emission. Results obtained on pollutants emission and OH* chemiluminescence for the specific fuels examined at various equivalence ratios are presented. Near distributed combustion conditions with less than 5 PPM of NO emission were demonstrated under novel premixed conditions for the various fuels tested thus outlining the combustor ability to handle different fuels with high performance. Further reduction of NOx can be made with true distributed combustion condition.
Microbial production of a novel trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid from linoleic acid (1997)

A bacterium isolated from a dry soil sample collected from McCalla, AL, USA, converted linoleic acid to a novel compound, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9 (Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA). The organism is a Gram-positive, non-motile rod (0.5 microns x 2 microns). It was identified as a species of Clavibacter ALA2. The product was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its structure was determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, and by mass spectrometer. Maximum production of THOA with 25% conversion of the substrate was reached after 5-6 days of reaction. THOA was not further metabolized by strain ALA2. This is the first report of a 12,13,17-trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid and its production by microbial transformation. Some dihydroxy intermediates were also detected. THOA has a structure similar to those of known plant self-defense substances.
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Lorazepam after Intranasal, Intravenous, and Intramuscular Administration (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of intranasal lorazepam in comparison to currently established administration routes. Eleven healthy volunteers completed this randomized crossover study. On three occasions, each separated by a 1-week washout, subjects received a 2 mg dose of lorazepam via the intranasal, intravenous, or intramuscular route. Blood samples were collected serially from 0 to 36 hours. Noncompartmental methods were used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. Lorazepam was well absorbed following intranasal administration with a mean (%CV) bioavailability of 77.7(11.1). Intranasal administration resulted in a faster absorption rate than intramuscular administration. Elimination profiles were comparable between all three routes. The concentration-time profile for intranasal delivery demonstrated evidence of a double peak in several subjects, suggesting partial oral absorption. Females were found to have significantly higher AUC values than males for all three delivery routes. Overall, this study demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics of intranasal lorazepam in relation to standard administration methods. Intranasal delivery could provide an alternative, noninvasive delivery route for lorazepam.
Bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes as Efficient Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers (2002)

We report the singlet oxygen sensitization properties of a series of bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes (i.e., (bt)2Ir(acac), (bsn)2Ir(acac), and (pq)2Ir(acac); bt = 2-phenylbenzothiazole, bsn = 2-(1-naphthyl)benzothiazole, pq = 2-phenylquinoline, and acac = acetylacetonate). Complexes with acetylacetonate ancillary ligands give singlet oxygen quantum yields near unity (PhiDelta = (0.7-1.0) +/- 0.1), whether exciting the ligand-based state or the lowest energy excited state (MLCT + 3LC). The singlet oxygen quenching rates for these beta-diketonate complexes were found to be small [(5 +/- 2) x 105 to (6 +/- 0.2) x 106 M-1 s-1], roughly 3 orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding phosphorescence quenching rate. Similar complexes were prepared with glycine or pyridine tethered to the Ir(III) center (i.e., (bsn)2Ir(gly) and (bt)2Ir(py)Cl; gly = glycine and py = pyridine). The glycine and pyridine derivatives give high singlet oxygen yields (PhiDelta = (0.7-1.0) +/- 0.1).
A Quantitative Thrombin Time for Determining Levels of Hirudin and Hirulog™ (1993)

The anticoagulant effect of recombinant hirudin (rHir) and Hirulog has been monitored in patients with the activated partial thromboplastin time. Accurate monitoring with this test cannot be achieved if plasmas contain heparin, lupus anticoagulants, low concentrations of fibrinogen or other factors, or elevated fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (FDP). We have therefore developed a simple, rapid, sensitive clot-based method, the quantitative thrombin time (QTT), to measure levels of rHir and Hirulog in patient plasma (or whole blood). The QTT is performed by mixing a 1:10 dilution of patient plasma (50 microliters) with human fibrinogen (50 microliters, 128 mg/dl) at 37 degrees C; the clotting time is initiated by adding human thrombin (50 microliters, 5-7.5 U/ml). The concentration of Hirulog or rHir in plasma can be determined by comparing the QTT in patient plasma with a standard curve that is generated by adding different concentrations of anticoagulant to pooled normal plasma. Studies with whole blood using the same procedure yield similar results. In the absence of Hirulog or rHir, the baseline QTT is the same in normal and abnormal plasmas (fibrinogen < 150 mg/dl and FDP as high as 1024 micrograms/ml, elevated FDP alone, lupus anticoagulant, or heparin < 0.9 U/ml). When known concentrations of either rHir or Hirulog are added to abnormal plasmas, the mean observed concentrations as determined by the QTT deviate from the expected values by less than 10% (range 0-19%). The data indicate that the QTT is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for the determination of levels of rHir and Hirulog in plasma or whole blood.
Optothermal spectroscopy of whispering gallery microresonators (2011)

We demonstrate an optothermal resonance scanning scheme to obtain stable spectra of resonant modes in whispering gallery microresonators. A wavelength stability of 0.1 pm for a temperature variation of more than 10 °C is obtained. In this scheme, a resonance mode is thermally locked to a tunable laser, and its wavelength is linearly scanned across the lasing line of a fixed wavelength laser. The scheme enables reliable and accurate readings for whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensing platforms and allows the spectroscopy of WGM resonators within wavelength bands where tunable lasers are not available.
Synthetic antagonists of the myometrial response to vasopressin and oxytocin (1986)

With the aim of developing inhibitors of vasopressin- and oxytocin-induced uterine activity, 17 analogues of 1-deamino-oxytocin were synthesized by the solid-phase method. Modifications were made at positions 2, O-methyltyrosine (Tyr(OMe] and O-ethyltyrosine (Tyr(OEt],D-Tyr,D-Tyr(OEt),D-Trp; 4, Val,Thr and 8, Orn,Cit,Arg,D-Arg. The analogues were tested for antiuterotonic activity in vitro and in vivo in the rat and in vitro on myometrial strips from non-pregnant women and pregnant women at term. Their selectivity was also investigated in blood pressure and antidiuretic bioassays in rats. Results were compared with those from an original antiuterotonic analogue 1-deamino-2-Tyr(OEt)-oxytocin (d(OEt)-oxytocin). In the rat in vitro and in vivo all analogues possessed higher antiuterotonic activity than d(OEt)-oxytocin. The negative logarithm of the molar concentration of the antagonist which reduced the effect of a dose of agonist to that of half the dose (pA2) was between 7.6 and 8.9 for all the new inhibitors compared with 7.2 for d(OEt)-oxytocin. The highest pA2 value was found for 1-deamino-2-Tyr(OMe)-8-Orn-oxytocin (8.9 +/- 0.2, S.E.M.) and 1-deamino-2-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin (8.9 +/- 0.6). In myometrium from non-pregnant women the most potent peptide was 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin (17.2 +/- 2.0 times more potent that d(OEt)-oxytocin). In myometrium from pregnant women the inhibitory effects of the majority of the analogues were less pronounced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimization of Downhole Fluid Sampling Using Focused Probes (2018)

Abstract Acquisition of fluid samples using wireline formation testers is an integral part of reservoir evaluation and fluid characterization. The use of focused probe technology, in which the flow of mud filtrate to the main sampling port is shielded by one or more guard ports, has proved to be particularly effective in acquiring clean formation fluid samples with short pump-out times. To both improve operational efficiency for the current focused probes and optimize the design of next-generation tools, it is necessary to understand how to optimally operate the tools in different sampling environments. The objective of this study is to investigate optimal sampling strategies for focused tools in presence of formation and fluid property uncertainty. In particular, the pump rates for the sample and guard ports in a focused tool can be manipulated, allowing for optimization of pump rate profiles to maximize overall sampling efficiency. We use a numerical forward model of the filtrate cleanup process coupled with optimization. We study the problem of pump rate profile optimization in different sampling environments and compare the results against two operating strategies commonly applied in the field. The optimization results show that significant sampling time savings are possible (for each sampling station) compared with a default fixed-rate strategy, especially in environments characterized by a high viscosity contrast between the formation fluid and mud filtrate. These savings translate directly into rig time savings for the operator. In general, the results in the paper provide guidance on optimal focused-sampling operation in different environments.
Automatic detection of excessively oscillatory feedback control loops (2003)

A statistically-based approach is proposed to detect excessively oscillatory feedback control loops. The technique is simple and requires only normal operating data. The effectiveness and widespread applicability of the new approach are demonstrated in several experimental applications, including an industrial distillation column.
Engineered <i>Streptomyces platensis</i> Strains That Overproduce Antibiotics Platensimycin and Platencin (2009)

Platensimycin, which is isolated from Streptomyces platensis MA7327, and platencin, which is isolated from S. platensis MA7339, are two recently discovered natural products that serve as important antibiotic leads. Here we report on the identification of S. platensis MA7327 as a dual producer of both platensimycin and platencin. A PCR-based approach was used to locate and clone the locus involved in platensimycin and platencin production, including ptmR1, which encodes a putative GntR-like transcriptional regulator. Deletion of this gene from the producing organism allowed us to isolate strains that overproduce platensimycin and platencin with yields of 323 +/- 29 mg/liter and 255 +/- 30 mg/liter, respectively. These results illustrate the effectiveness of genetic manipulation for the rational engineering of improvements in titers.
Development of a Practical Synthesis of Novel, Pyrrole‐Based HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitors. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comparison of high-speed switched reluctance machines with conventional and toroidal windings (2016)

This paper presents designs of 50,000 rpm 6/4 switched reluctance motors (SRM's) with a focus of the comparative study on conventional and toroidal windings. There are four different machines compared in this paper, while the first is a conventional SRM, and the other three are toroidal winding machines. The first toroidal SRM (TSRM1) employs the conventional asymmetric convert and the same switching sequence as conventional SRM (CSRM). Therefore, an equivalent magnetic performance is observed. The second toroidal SRM (TSRM2) introduces a 12-switch converter topology. With a proper coil connection and switching sequence, all the coils are active and contribute to the flux and torque generation at the same time. The analysis shows that for the same amount of copper losses, TSRM2 yields a 50% higher output torque and power at rated speed than CSRM, while TSRM1 only generates half the torque of CSRM. The third toroidal SRM is a resized TSRM2, which is presented with the same envelope dimension of CSRM (same volumetric comparison). The comparison shows it's competitive to CSRM, especially as toroidal-winding can achieve higher filling factor during the manufacture process of winding.
The regulation of oestrogen biosynthesis in human adipose tissue (1989)

Synopsis The enzyme complex responsible for the conversion of androgens to oestrogens is called aromatase. This enzyme is expressed in a number of tissue sites, including granulosa cells, placenta, hypothalamus and adipose. Oestrogen formation in adipose tissue has been implicated in the aetiology of endometrial and breast cancer. Aromatase comprises two components: a member of the cytochrome P-450 gene family known as aromatase cytochrome P-450, and a flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. We have recently obtained a full-length cDNA insert encoding human aromatase cytochrome P-450 and have expressed it in COSI monkey kidney tumour cells. The resulting transcript encodes a protein which is capable of converting androstenedione, testosterone and 16α-hydroxyandrostenedione to the corresponding oestrogens. Furthermore, characterisation of the aromatase cytochrome P-450 gene indicates that in humans there is only one such gene, which spans about 30kb and has at least nine exons. From these results we conclude that there is only one aromatase enzyme in humans. Study of the expression of this enzyme in human adipose stromal cells indicates that it is subject to regulation by a number of factors including cAMP, phorbol esters, and the growth factors, EGF, TGF-α, TGF-β, TNF and 1Lβ. Since several of these growth factors are produced by breast cancer cells in response to oestrogens, the possibility exists for paracrine and autocrine feedback loops within the breast, in which the growth of a tumour is regulated by oestrogen produced locally in the adipose cells of the surrounding tissue, and this in turn is regulated by the growth factors produced by the tumour as a result of oestrogen action.
Anesthesia infusion models: knowledge-based real-time identification via stochastic approximation (2002)

The modeling and identification methodology introduced in the paper captures the unique features encountered in developing a computer-aided control strategy for anesthesia drug infusion. Rather than using models of high complexity, we follow the insights of anesthesiologists in representing the basic features of a patient response to drug infusion that are essential for computer-aided infusion control. The model parameters are initiated by expert knowledge and improved upon in real-time when clinical measurement data become available.
Early assessment of malignant lung nodules based on the spatial analysis of detected lung nodules (2012)

We propose a novel approach for diagnosing malignant lung nodules based on analyzing the spatial distribution of Hounsfield values for the detected lung nodules. Spatial distribution of image intensities (or Hounsfield values) comprising the malignant nodule appearance is accurately modeled with a new rotationally invariant second-order Markov-Gibbs Random Field (MGRF). In this paper, we introduce a new maximum likelihood estimation approach to estimate the neighborhood system of the proposed rotation invariant MGRF and its potentials from a training set of nodule images with normalized intensity ranges. Preliminary experiments on 327 lung nodules (153 malignant and 174 benign) resulted in the 91.1% correct classification (for the 95% confidence interval), showing the proposed method is a promising supplement to current technologies (biopsy-based diagnostic systems) for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Itraconazole and clarithromycin inhibit P‐glycoprotein activity in primary human sinonasal epithelial cells (2015)

Both itraconazole and clarithromycin are capable of inhibiting sinonasal epithelial cell associated P-gp. The anti-inflammatory effects of these agents in CRS may be attributable, in part, to their heretofore unrecognized P-gp modulatory properties.