gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of highly conductive graphene/ITO transparent bi-film through CVD and organic additives-free sol-gel techniques (2017)

Indium tin oxide (ITO) still remains as the main candidate for high-performance optoelectronic devices, but there is a vital requirement in the development of sol-gel based synthesizing techniques with regards to green environment and higher conductivity. Graphene/ITO transparent bi-film was synthesized by a two-step process: 10 wt. % tin-doped ITO thin films were produced by an environmentally friendly aqueous sol-gel spin coating technique with economical salts of In(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>.H<sub>2</sub>O and SnCl<sub>4</sub>, without using organic additives, on surface free energy enhanced (from 53.826 to 97.698 mJm<sup>-2</sup>) glass substrate by oxygen plasma treatment, which facilitated void-free continuous ITO film due to high surface wetting. The chemical vapor deposited monolayer graphene was transferred onto the synthesized ITO to enhance its electrical properties and it was capable of reducing sheet resistance over 12% while preserving the bi-film surface smoother. The ITO films contain the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase only and exhibit the polycrystalline nature of cubic structure with 14.35 ± 0.5 nm crystallite size. The graphene/ITO bi-film exhibits reproducible optical transparency with 88.66% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength, and electrical conductivity with sheet resistance of 117 Ω/sq which is much lower than that of individual sol-gel derived ITO film.
Analysis of Nuclear High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)-Binding Proteins in Colon Cancer Cells: Clustering with Proteins Involved in Secretion and Extranuclear Function (2010)

HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that is overexpressed and secreted in cancer cells. However, little is known about the roles of HMGB1 in the cytoplasm and secretory pathway in cancer cells. To clarify this aspect of HMGB1 function, we fractionated the cytoplasm of HCT116 colon cancer cells and used a proteomic approach to analyze cytoplasmic HMGB1-binding proteins. Pull-down experiments using recombinant HMGB1 protein as bait, followed by mass spectrometry analysis identified 162 interacting proteins. Among them were 74 proteins known to be localized exclusively to the extra-nuclear region, and 60 proteins known to be localized to both nuclear and extranuclear regions. The functions of these binding proteins include involvement in cell-cycle progression, cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In addition, nine of the identified proteins are related to protein translocation and secretion. These include annexin A2, myosin IC isoform a, myosin-9, and Ras-related protein Rab10, which are involved in unconventional protein secretion. Cytoplasmic HMGB1 was primarily associated with the lysosomal cytosol fraction and was colocalized with the lysosomal marker LAMP1. Our findings suggest that cytoplasmic HMGB1 binds to a number of molecules related to cancer progression and the unconventional secretory pathway.
Selective Adsorption and Separation of <i>ortho</i>-Substituted Alkylaromatics with the Microporous Aluminum Terephthalate MIL-53 (2008)

The metal-organic framework MIL-53(Al) was tested for selective adsorption and separation of xylenes and ethylbenzene, ethyltoluenes, and cymenes using batch, pulse chromatographic, and breakthrough experiments. In all conditions tested, MIL-53 has the largest affinity for the ortho-isomer among each group of alkylaromatic compounds. Separations of the ortho-compounds from the other isomers can be realized using a column packed with MIL-53 crystallites. As evidenced by Rietveld refinements, specific interactions of the xylenes with the pore walls of MIL-53 determine selectivity. In comparison with the structurally similar metal-organic framework MIL-47, the selectivities among alkylaromatics found for MIL-53 are different. Separation of ethyltoluene and cymene isomers is more effective on MIL-53 than on MIL-47; the pores of MIL-53 seem to be a more suitable environment for hosting the larger ethyltoluene and cymene isomers than those of MIL-47.
Single Molecule Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with Silver Tips (2007)

We present single molecule tip-enhanced resonance Raman spectra from brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) submonolayers adsorbed on a planar Au surface with Ag tips. A gap of 1 nm between a Ag tip and the Au substrate was employed to create a highly enhanced electric field and to generate Raman scattering from an area of ∼100 nm2. Three lines of evidence are presented to prove the single molecule sensitivity of our experiments: (1) Extremely diluted samples were used. Estimations show that at most a few molecules were excited by the Ag tip. (2) Spectroscopic fluctuations, including intensity fluctuations, frequency shifts, and line shape changes were observed. A histogram analysis of the intensity fluctuations of two different BCB coverages was carried out. The results clearly show the features of single molecule behavior. (3) Discrete signal losses also were observed. This is because of photochemical processes involving single molecules. Besides BCB, which shows a strong resonant absorption at 633 nm (the wavelength of the excitation laser), a self-assembled monolayer of benzenethiol, which does not strongly absorb at 633 nm, was studied. Good quality spectra were recorded with a short exposure time (10 s) and time-dependent spectral changes were also observed.
Evaluation of ultraviolet-C and spray-drying processes as two independent inactivation steps on enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>K88 and K99 strains inoculated in fresh unconcentrated porcine plasma (2018)

The safety of raw materials from animal origin such as spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) may be a concern for the swine industry. Ultraviolet treatment at 254 nm (UV-C) of liquid plasma has been proposed as an additional biosafety feature in the manufacturing process of SDPP. We found that UV-C exposure in the liquid plasma at 3000 J l<sup>-1</sup> reduces about 4 log10 ml<sup>-1</sup> for E. coli K88 and K99. Full inactivation of both E. coli strains was achieved in all spray-dried samples. The incorporation of UV-C treatment to liquid plasma improves the robustness of the SDPP manufacturing process.
SBS suppression using a depolarized source for high power fiber applications (1996)

A depolarized source for fiber applications is demonstrated using a traveling wave LiNbO/sub 3/ phase modulator. The source suppresses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in the fiber when operated at high drive frequencies, enabling more power to be delivered to a remote location. The threshold for SBS is examined in detail using optical powers up to 150 mW and drive frequencies up to 4 GHz. A resonant enhancement technique is demonstrated which reduces the drive power requirement for frequencies <2 GHz by up to 7.6 dB.
Synthesis and Preliminary Screening of Novel Tryptamines as 5-HT4 Receptor Ligands (2010)

For the development of novel 5-HT(4) receptor ligands we have designed and synthesized two series of 5-methoxytryptamine derivatives varying the substitution on the primary amine. Their biological activities were evaluated in a receptor binding assay where a subset of compounds showed comparable potency to the agonists serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine. Structure-activity analyses have highlighted promising avenues for further synthetic work and binding modes were proposed by docking these compounds into a homology model of the 5-HT(4) receptor.
Lysogenic Strains of Lactic Acid Streptococci and Lytic Spectra of Their Temperate Bacteriophages (1982)

A total of 113 strains of mesophilic strains lactic streptococci of the species Streptococcus lactis, S. lactis subsp. diacetilactis, and S. cremoris, chosen from 291 strains that had been previously classified into six groups on the basis of their sensitivity to 132 virulent phages, were subjected to induction with mitomycin C. Among these strains, 43% produced phages capable of forming plaques of lysis on an indicator strain either spontaneously or after induction. There was a close correlation between the lytic spectra of temperate and virulent phages. Among the strains studied, 25% were shown to be indicator strains. These results emphasized the high probability of development of temperate phages in a starter culture containing mesophilic lactic streptococci and therefore their importance as a cause of accidents in cheese making.
Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in patients with pulmonary complications of rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was originally described as a mucosal lymphoid organ in the lungs of some species. However, while the lungs of naive mice and humans typically lack BALT, pulmonary infection in mice leads to the development of inducible BALT (iBALT), which is located in peribronchial, perivascular, and interstitial areas throughout the lung. Here we investigated whether iBALT forms in patients with a variety of interstitial lung diseases. We show that while iBALT can be found in the lungs of patients suffering from multiple diseases, well-developed iBALT is most prevalent in patients with pulmonary complications of RA and Sjögren syndrome. In these patients, iBALT consisted of numerous B cell follicles containing germinal centers and follicular dendritic cells. A loosely defined T cell area surrounded the B cell follicles while lymphatics and high endothelial venules were found at the B cell/T cell interface. Increased expression of lymphoid-organizing chemokines, such as CXCL13 and CCL21, as well as molecules involved in the immunopathology of RA, such as B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), ICOS ligand, and lymphotoxin, correlated with more well-developed iBALT. Finally, the presence of iBALT correlated with tissue damage in the lungs of RA patients, suggesting that iBALT participates in local RA pathogenesis.
Design and experimental study on desulphurization process of ship exhaust (2018)

This desulfurization process involves removing sulfur oxides with seawater or alkaline aqueous solutions and then treating the effluent by aeration and pH adjustment before discharging it into the ocean. In the desulfurization system, the spray tower is the key equipment and the venturi tubes are the pretreatment device. The two stages of plates are designed to fully absorb sulfur oxides in exhaust gases. The spiral nozzles atomize and evenly spray the desulfurizers into the tower. This study experimentally investigated the effectiveness of this desulfurization process and the factors influencing it under laboratory conditions, with a diesel engine exhaust used to represent ship exhaust. The experimental results show that this process can effectively absorb the SO2 in the exhaust. When the exhaust flow rate was 25 m3/h and the desulfurizer flow rate was 4 L/min, the sulfur removal efficiency (SRE) reached 99.7%. The flow rate, alkalinity, and temperature of seawater were found to have significant effects on the SRE. Adjusting seawater flow rate (SWR) and alkalinity within certain ranges can substantially improve the SRE.
Optimal variable switching frequency scheme to reduce combined switching loss and inductor core loss of single phase grid connected inverter (2015)

Reducing the power loss of a converter without increasing volume or cost in hardware has always been a much sought-after, but challenging goal. This paper discusses a scheme to improve the system overall efficiency while still meeting a given THD requirement by implementing variable instantaneous switching frequency method without any hardware changes. This paper aims at minimizing the combined switching loss and inductor core loss by including different characteristics of the two types of losses relative to the instantaneous switching frequency in the optimization process. A 1kW H-bridge inverter using SiC MOSFETs and powdered iron core has been built to validate the theoretical analysis. Both constant switching frequency scheme (20 kHz) and optimal variable frequency scheme with simple code modification have been implemented in the experimental prototype using DSP TMS320f28335. The optimal variable switching frequency scheme shows a significant saving of 27.6% on the combined switching loss and inductor core loss compared with constant switching frequency scheme.
¿Quién es el responsable cuando las cosas fallan: el ingeniero o la empresa? (2004)

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) constitute a new family of fungal heme-thiolate enzymes in which there is high biotechnological interest. Although several thousand genes encoding hypothetical UPO-type proteins have been identified in sequenced fungal genomes and other databases, only a few UPO enzymes have been experimentally characterized to date. Therefore, gene screening and heterologous expression from genetic databases are a priority in the search for <i>ad hoc</i> UPOs for oxyfunctionalization reactions of interest. Very recently, <i>Escherichia coli</i> production of a previously described basidiomycete UPO (as a soluble and active enzyme) has been reported. Here, we explored this convenient heterologous expression system to obtain the protein products from available putative UPO genes. In this way, two UPOs from the ascomycetes <i>Collariella virescens</i> (syn., <i>Chaetomium virescens</i>) and <i>Daldinia caldariorum</i> were successfully obtained, purified, and characterized. Comparison of their kinetic constants for oxidation of model substrates revealed 10- to 20-fold-higher catalytic efficiency of the latter enzyme in oxidizing simple aromatic compounds (such as veratryl alcohol, naphthalene, and benzyl alcohol). Homology molecular models of these enzymes showed three conserved and two differing residues in the distal side of the heme (the latter representing two different positions of a phenylalanine residue). Interestingly, replacement of the <i>C. virescens</i> UPO Phe88 by the homologous residue in the <i>D. caldariorum</i> UPO resulted in an F88L variant with 5- to 21-fold-higher efficiency in oxidizing these aromatic compounds.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> UPOs catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxygenations of both aromatic and aliphatic compounds. Similar reactions were previously described for cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, but UPOs have the noteworthy biotechnological advantage of being stable enzymes requiring only H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to be activated. Both characteristics are related to the extracellular nature of UPOs as secreted proteins. In the present study, the limited repertoire of UPO enzymes available for organic synthesis and other applications is expanded with the description of two new ascomycete UPOs obtained by <i>Escherichia coli</i> expression of the corresponding genes as soluble and active enzymes. Moreover, directed mutagenesis in <i>E. coli</i>, together with enzyme molecular modeling, provided relevant structure-function information on aromatic substrate oxidation by these two new biocatalysts.
Electron <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>g</mml:mi></mml:math>-factor of valley states in realistic silicon quantum dots (2018)

We theoretically model the spin-orbit interaction in silicon quantum dot devices, relevant for quantum computation and spintronics. Our model is based on a modified effective mass approach which properly accounts for spin-valley boundary conditions, derived from the interface symmetry, and should have applicability for other heterostructures. We show how the valley-dependent interface-induced spin-orbit 2D (3D) interaction, under the presence of an electric field that is perpendicular to the interface, leads to a $g$-factor renormalization in the two lowest valley states of a silicon quantum dot. These $g$-factors can change with electric field in opposite direction when intervalley spin-flip tunneling is favored over intravalley processes, explaining recent experimental results. We show that the quantum dot level structure makes only negligible higher order effects to the $g$-factor. We calculate the $g$-factor as a function of the magnetic field direction, which is sensitive to the interface symmetry. We identify spin-qubit dephasing sweet spots at certain directions of the magnetic field, where the $g$-factor renormalization is zeroed: these include perpendicular to the interface magnetic field, and also in-plane directions, the latter being defined by the interface-induced spin-orbit constants. The $g$-factor dependence on electric field opens the possibility for fast all-electric manipulation of an encoded, few electron spin qubit, without the need of a nanomagnet or a nuclear spin-background. Our approach of an almost fully analytic theory allows for a deeper physical understanding of the importance of spin-orbit coupling to silicon spin qubits.
Oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK induces expression of the growth-promoting receptor ICOS (2011)

Here we report that T-cell lymphoma cells carrying the NPM-ALK fusion protein (ALK(+) TCL) frequently express the cell-stimulatory receptor ICOS. ICOS expression in ALK(+) TCL is moderate and strictly dependent on the expression and enzymatic activity of NPM-ALK. NPM-ALK induces ICOS expression via STAT3, which triggers the transcriptional activity of the ICOS gene promoter. In addition, STAT3 suppresses the expression of miR-219 that, in turn, selectively inhibits ICOS expression. ALK(+) TCL cell lines display extensive DNA methylation of the CpG island located within intron 1, the putative enhancer region, of the ICOS gene, whereas cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines, which strongly express ICOS, show no methylation of the island. Treatment of the ALK(+) TCL cell lines with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor reversed the CpG island methylation and augmented the expression of ICOS mRNA and protein. Stimulation of the ICOS receptor with anti-ICOS antibody or ICOS ligand-expressing B cells markedly enhanced proliferation of the ALK(+) TCL cells. These results demonstrate that NPM-ALK, acting through STAT3 as the gene transcriptional activator, induces the expression of ICOS, a cell growth promoting receptor. These data also show that the DNA methylation status of the intronic CpG island affects transcriptional activity of the ICOS gene and, consequently, modulates the concentration of the expressed ICOS protein.
SMOKING INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SERUM AND NEUTROPHIL OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (2008)

Cigarette smoking has been implicated as a significant risk factor for the establishment and progression of several diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking in serum as well as in neutrophil oxidative damage and antioxidant status. Subjects were randomly chosen from male university students (22-25 years) in a rural community in the District of Midnapore, West Bengal, India. To understand status of oxidative damage, we measured the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA), activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. The MDA level and the LDH activity in serum and neutrophil were higher in smokers than the non-smokers. The activities of CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and the level of GSH were significantly lower in smokers in comparison to the non-smokers in both serum and neutrophil. These findings may suggest that, students with a short smoking history have evidence of oxidative stress and an impaired oxidant defense system. Alterations observed in smokers that increased oxidative stress can represent a risk factor for the development of chronic disease in earlier future.
Production, measurement and analysis of sinusoidal artefacts for calibration of surface texture measuring instruments. (2001)

As part of a collaborative project, gratings with sinusoidal profiles and with periods in the range of 0.8 to 25 µm have been developed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The gratings are formed in photoresist-coated substrates by exposing them to an optical interference pattern. The photoresist gratings are then replicated into electroformed nickel. The gratings are measured using the NanoSurf IV instrument and the measurement data are analysed using mathematical algorithms developed at NPL to extract the period and amplitude.
Impact of user habits in smart home control (2011)

Lifestyle and habits of users have a direct effect on the energy performance of dwellings and facilities. Hence, in the built environment, advanced control strategies must adapt to user behaviors trying to keep a commitment between energy consumption and comfort requirements. In previous works, the suitability of predictive control based on occupancy profiles for the optimization of HVAC systems has been shown. Resting upon this basis, the present work performs a sensitivity analysis for control strategies based on usage profiles, where the input under variation is the level of habit-regularity of users. Therefore, different hypothetical user models are created and tested. The results of this analysis provide a better understanding of how user behavior affects the energy and comfort performance in dwellings under smart control and paves the way for enhanced controller design.
MAO‐Free Activation of Metallocenes and other Single‐Site Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization using Spherical Supports based on MgCl<sub>2</sub> (2004)

Abstract Summary: Supports of type MgCl 2 /AlR n (OEt) 3− n , obtained by reaction of AlR 3 with adducts of MgCl 2 and ethanol, have been shown to be effective for the immobilization and activation of [Cp 2 TiCl 2 ] and other single‐site olefin polymerization catalysts without the use of methylaluminoxane or a borate activator. Polyethylene with a spherical particle morphology and narrow molecular weight distribution was obtained. magnified image
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP/Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Receptors: Actions on the Anterior Pituitary Gland* (1996)

I. Introduction PITUITARY adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) was first isolated from ovine hypothalamus by its potent activity in stimulating cAMP production in rat anterior pituitary cells (1). Since its isolation a wealth of literature has been published describing its activity in a variety of tissues including pituitary, brain, adrenal, testis, and in the nerve fibers of both the gut and the lung. A number of reviews have discussed its actions in a variety of cell types (2–4), its binding sites (5), and the characteristics of the three PACAP receptors cloned to date, two of which it apparently shares with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (4, 6, 7). The present review will deal specifically with the putative role of PACAP as a hypophysiotropic factor regulating anterior pituitary cell activity: This review begins with a brief history of PACAP and a description of its structure and its receptors. We will then discuss the distribution of PACAP in the hypothalamus, which suggests its role as a hypophysiotropic factor, and review the literature describing the effects of this peptide on each anterior pituitary cell type in turn.
Usage Of New Activation Function In Neuro-Symbolic Integration (2010)

New activation function is examined for its ability to accelerate the performance of doing logic programming in Hopfield network. This method has a higher capacity and upgrades the neuro symbolic integration. Computer simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the new activation function. Empirical results obtained support our theory.