gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> formation of protein corona on gold nanoparticles. The effect of their size and shape (2017)

The efficacy of drug delivery and other nanomedicine-related therapies largely relies on the ability of nanoparticles to reach the target organ. However, when nanoparticles are injected into the bloodstream, their surface is instantly modified upon interaction with blood components, principally with proteins. It is well known that a dynamic and multi-layered protein structure is formed spontaneously on the nanoparticle upon contact with physiological media, which has been termed protein corona. Although several determinant factors involved in protein corona formation have been identified from in vitro studies, specific relationships between the nanomaterial synthetic identity and its ensuing biological identity under realistic in vivo conditions remain elusive. We present here a detailed study of in vivo protein corona formation after blood circulation of anisotropic gold nanoparticles (nanorods and nanostars). Plasmonic gold nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes were coated with polyethyleneglycol, intravenously administered in CD-1 mice and subsequently recovered. The results from gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis revealed the formation of complex protein coronas, as early as 10 minutes post-injection. The total amount of protein adsorbed onto the particle surface and the protein corona composition were found to be affected by both the particle size and shape.
Modeling of an omni-directional high precision friction drive positioning stage (2002)

A friction drive high precision positioning stage is proposed. While conventional three degrees of freedom stage systems usually utilize three different stages, the proposed system has only one movable stage for the three degrees of freedom. Therefore, this design has a simple structure and low cost. Furthermore, the stage can move omni-directionally with three degrees of freedom, namely, two linear and one rotational motions. The stage uses three special actuation systems, each of which is designed so as to generate a directional elliptical motion which allows the stage to move in a desired direction. The kinematic and dynamic models of the proposed system are presented. The bond graph modeling representation is used to offer a clear understanding of the general friction drive stage dynamic behavior. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the design concept.
Ricin A-Chain Inhibitors Resembling the Oxacarbenium Ion Transition State (2001)

Ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) is expressed by the castor bean plant and is among the most potent mammalian toxins. Upon activation in the cytosol, RTA depurinates a single adenine from position 4324 of rat 28S ribosomal RNA, causing inactivation of ribosomes by preventing the binding of elongation factors. Kinetic isotope effect studies have established that RTA operates via a D(N)*A(N) mechanism involving an oxacarbenium ion intermediate with bound adenine [Chen, X.-Y., Berti, P. J., and Schramm, V. L. (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 1609-1617]. On the basis of this information, stem-loop RNA molecules were chemically synthesized, incorporating structural features of the oxacarbenium ion-like transition state. A 10-base RNA stem-loop incorporating (1S)-1-(9-deazaadenin-9-yl)-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol at the depurination site binds four times better (0.57 microM) than the 10-base RNA stem-loop with adenosine at the depurination site (2.2 microM). A 10-base RNA stem-loop with 1,2-dideoxyribitol [(2R,3S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran] at the depurination site binds with a Kd of 3.2 microM and tightens to 0.75 microM in the presence of 9-deazaadenine. A similar RNA stem-loop with 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol at the depurination site binds with a K(d) of 1.3 microM and improves to 0.65 micro;M with 9-deazaadenine added. When (3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine was incorporated at the depurination site of a 14-base RNA stem-loop, the Kd was 0.48 microM. Addition of 9-deazaadenine tightens the binding to 0.10 microM whereas added adenine increases the affinity to 12 nM. The results of this study are consistent with the unusual dissociative D(N)*A(N) mechanism determined for RTA. Knowledge of this intermediate has led to the design and synthesis of the highest affinity inhibitor reported for the catalytic site of RTA.
Factors Influencing the Synthesis of Zeolites A, X, and Y (1983)

The synthesis of zeolite A, mixtures of A and X, and zeolite X using batch compositions not previously reported are described. The synthesis regions defined by triangular coordinates demonstrate that any of these materials may be made in the same area. The results are described in terms of the time required to initiate crystallization at a given reaction temperature. Control of the factors which can influence the crystallization time are discussed in terms of "time table selectors" and "species selectors". Once a metastable species has preferentially crystallized, it can transform to a more stable phase. For example, when synthesis conditions are chosen to produce zeolite A, the rate of hydroxysodalite formation is dependent on five variables. These variables and their effect on the conversion of zeolite A to hydroxysodalite are described mathematically.
Recent Progress on Nonlinear Compensation Technique in Digital Coherent Receiver (2010)

Enhanced digital signal processing algorithms are proposed and evaluated experimentally in order to improve the tolerances to intra-channel and inter-channel nonlinear effects of intradyne receiver and thus to extend the reach of WDM transmission systems.
Spatial Light Modulator using Semi-Insulating Multiple Quantum Well Material (1993)

In recent years, the large excitonic electroabsorptive nonlinearities of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) has been used for electrically as well as optically addressed two dimensional optical modulators.
Metal Halide Perovskites: A New Class of Semiconductors (2019)

International audience
Combining Weakly and Webly Supervised Learning for Classifying Food Images (2017)

Food classification from images is a fine-grained classification problem. Manual curation of food images is cost, time and scalability prohibitive. On the other hand, web data is available freely but contains noise. In this paper, we address the problem of classifying food images with minimal data curation. We also tackle a key problems with food images from the web where they often have multiple cooccuring food types but are weakly labeled with a single label. We first demonstrate that by sequentially adding a few manually curated samples to a larger uncurated dataset from two web sources, the top-1 classification accuracy increases from 50.3% to 72.8%. To tackle the issue of weak labels, we augment the deep model with Weakly Supervised learning (WSL) that results in an increase in performance to 76.2%. Finally, we show some qualitative results to provide insights into the performance improvements using the proposed ideas.
Stall Inception, Evolution and Control in a Low Speed Axial Fan With Variable Pitch in Motion (2011)

Obtaining the right pitch in turbomachinery blading is crucial to efficient and successful operations. Engineers adjust the rotor’s pitch angle to control the production or absorption of power. Even for low speed fans this is a promising tool. This paper focuses on a low speed axial fan’s inception and the evolution of the flow instabilities in the tip region which drive the stall onset. The authors conducted an experimental study to investigate the inception patterns of rotating stall evolution at different rotor blade stagger-angle settings with the aim of extending the stable operating range. The authors drove the fan to stall at the design stagger-angle setting and then operated the variable pitch mechanism in order to recover the unstable operation. They measured pressure fluctuations in the tip region of the low-speed axial-flow fan using a variable pitch in motion mechanism, with flush mounted probes. The authors studied the flow mechanisms for spike and modal stall inceptions in this low-speed axial-flow fan which showed relatively small tip clearance. The authors cross-correlated the pressure fluctuations and analysed the cross-spectra in order to clarify blade pitch, end-wall flow, and tip-leakage flow influences on stall inception during the transient at the rotor blades’ different stagger-angle settings. The authors observed a rotating instability near the maximum pressure-rise point at both design and low stagger-angle settings. The stall inception patterns were a spike type at the design stagger-angle setting and a modal type at the low stagger-angle setting as a result of the interaction between the incoming flow, tip-leakage flow and end-wall backflow.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Immunodominant Domains Present on the<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Vaccine Component Filamentous Hemagglutinin (1997)

To identify immunologically important domains on filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a Bordetella pertussis protein included in new acellular pertussis vaccines (ACPVs), a series of monoclonal antibodies, sera from infants vaccinated with ACPVs or whole cell pertussis vaccine (WCPV), and sera from patients with pertussis were analyzed by immunoblots containing FHA fragments and recombinant FHA proteins. Immunodominant domains located at the COOH-terminus of FHA (type I domain) and near the NH2-terminus (type II domain) were defined by the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. The sera from patients with pertussis and sera from infants vaccinated with WCPV or with 6 different investigational ACPVs specifically recognized well-defined regions within the type I and type II domains. Identification of these prominent immunologic epitopes on FHA should be useful for the construction of more well-defined pertussis vaccines and for the interpretation of human serologic responses, which may correlate with efficacy of pertussis vaccines.
Thermal modeling of Laser Capture Microdissection (1998)

A first-order thermal analysis is applied to Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM), a new microscope technique for routine targeting and extraction of specific cells from tissue sections for subsequent multiplex molecular analysis. In LCM a polymer film placed in contact with the tissue is focally activated by a pulsed IR laser beam and is melted and bonded to adjacent targeted cells. A three-dimensional finite-element model is used to predict the thermal transients within the polymer, the captured tissue, and its macromolecules. The simulations allow a comparison of models for the physical process of LCM with the experimental data on the dependence of the transfer spot size on laser power. The validated physical model and the thermal simulations permit optimization of the complex LCM parameter space for a wide variety of configurations and applications.
Cavity length dependence of a metasurface quantum-cascade laser with electrically switchable polarization (2020)

Polarization switchable terahertz quantum-cascade lasers are candidate sources for polarimetric terahertz imaging and sensing as their output polarization can be switched electrically without moving parts. We report on the importance of the external cavity on the spectral properties and polarization purity for a metasurface quantum-cascade VECSEL.
Analysis of a cone-based distributed topology control algorithm for wireless multi-hop networks (2001)

The topology of a wireless multi-hop network can be controlled by varying the transmission power at each node. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis of a cone-based distributed topology control algorithm. This algorithm, introduced in [16], does not assume that nodes have GPS information available; rather it depends only on directional information. Roughly speaking, the basic idea of the algorithm is that a node u transmits with the minimum power pu, α required to ensure that in every cone of degree α around u, there is some node that u can reach with power pu, α. We show that taking α = 5π/6 is a necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee that network connectivity is preserved. More precisely, if there is a path from s to t when every node communicates at maximum power then, if α ⪇ 5π/6, there is still a path in the smallest symmetric graph Gα containing all edges (u, v) such that u can communicate with v using power pu, α. On the other hand, if α > 5π/6, connectivity is not necessarily preserved. We also propose a set of optimizations that further reduce power consumption and prove that they retain network connectivity. Dynamic reconfiguration in the presence of failures and mobility is also discussed. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm and the optimizations.
Multivalent HSA Conjugates of 3′‐Sialyllactose are Potent Inhibitors of Adenoviral Cell Attachment and Infection (2005)

Adenoviruses of serotypes 8, 19 and 37 are the major cause of the severe eye infection EKC (epidemic keratoconjunctivitis). In general, all adenoviruses interact with their cellular receptors through the fibre proteins, which extend from the virus particle. Recently, adenovirus type 37 (Ad37) was found to bind and infect human corneal cells through attachment to carbohydrate structures that carry terminal alpha-(2-3)-linked sialic acids. Herein we present a synthetic route to a 3'-sialyllactose derivative and corresponding multivalent HSA conjugates with varying orders of valency. The potential of these compounds as inhibitors of EKC-causing adenovirus of serotype Ad37, was studied with both a binding assay and an infectivity assay. The results revealed that these compounds effectively prevent Ad37 from binding to and infecting human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. Moreover, the inhibition is significantly increased with higher orders of multivalency.
Linear induction accelerator (1988)

A linear induction accelerator includes a plurality of adder cavities arranged in a series and provided in a structure which is evacuated so that a vacuum inductance is provided between each adder cavity and the structure. An energy storage system for the adder cavities includes a pulsed current source and a respective plurality of bipolar converting networks connected thereto. The bipolar high-voltage, high-repetition-rate square pulse train sets and resets the cavities. 4 figs.
Hybrid receiver system for single photon sensitive direct and coherent detection (2015)

Hybrid receivers that enable switching between direct and coherent detection provide many imaging functions beneficial to scientific and defense applications. A hybrid receiver system is presented wherein a single detector is switched between the Geiger-mode and linear amplification modes of operation. This system benefits from enhanced functionality and lower size, weight, power, cost, and complexity compared with dual receiver implementations. The hybrid receiver sensing modality is reconfigurable on-the-fly between single photon direct detection and amplitude/phase coherent detection. The reconfiguration is achieved by adjusting detector bias (electrically) and by simultaneously enabling or disabling the local oscillator (optically). This work describes these two sensing scenarios, discusses the operation of the receiver system and shows laboratory-scale imaging results for each mode of hybrid receiver operation.
A Controlled-Cooling Protocol for Cryopreservation of Human and Non-Human Primate Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

Freeze storage of human embryonic stem (hES) cells has not proven effective using the methods employed for mouse ES (mES) cells, while rhesus ES (rhES) cells are only modestly effectively frozen using common mES cell methods. Because human and rhES cells are passaged and frozen in clusters that approximate the size of embryos, we employed a mammalian embryo freezing method to cryopreserve primate ES cells. This protocol involves freezing in a dimethylsulfoxide cryoprotectant using straws. An ice crystal seed is induced at -10 degrees C followed by controlled cooling at -1 degrees C per minute down to -33 degrees C with a plunge from there directly into liquid nitrogen (LN2) at -196 degrees C. Thaw is effected rapidly by moving the frozen cells directly from LN2 into a water bath and placing directly into culture medium without step-wise cryoprotectant removal. Using this protocol, we have increased the survival of human ES cells from < or = 1 to approximately 80% and rhES cells from approximately 30 to > or = 90%. Thus, this protocol describes a technically simple but effective means of long-term storage of primate ES cells.
TITAN: Future Forecast Using Action Priors (2020)

We consider the problem of predicting the future trajectory of scene agents from egocentric views obtained from a moving platform. This problem is important in a variety of domains, particularly for autonomous systems making reactive or strategic decisions in navigation. In an attempt to address this problem, we introduce TITAN (Trajectory Inference using Targeted Action priors Network), a new model that incorporates prior positions, actions, and context to forecast future trajectory of agents and future ego-motion. In the absence of an appropriate dataset for this task, we created the TITAN dataset that consists of 700 labeled video-clips (with odometry) captured from a moving vehicle on highly interactive urban traffic scenes in Tokyo. Our dataset includes 50 labels including vehicle states and actions, pedestrian age groups, and targeted pedestrian action attributes that are organized hierarchically corresponding to atomic, simple/complex-contextual, transportive, and communicative actions. To evaluate our model, we conducted extensive experiments on the TITAN dataset, revealing significant performance improvement against baselines and state-of-the-art algorithms. We also report promising results from our Agent Importance Mechanism (AIM), a module which provides insight into assessment of perceived risk by calculating the relative influence of each agent on the future ego-trajectory. The dataset is available at https://usa.honda-ri.com/titan.
Morphological and Spectroscopic Studies of Electrochemically Deposited Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Hole Extraction Layer for Organic Photovoltaic Device (OPVd) Fabrication (2011)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was deposited on ITO surface by cyclic voltammetry from mixed toluene/acetonitrile solvent. Thickness and oxidation state of the layer were monitored by UV−vis−NIR spectroscopy and grazing angle FTIR (GA-FTIR) spectroscopy. Morphology had fibrillar character with roughness and porosity dependent on the thickness of the layer. PEDOT was incorporated into organic photovoltaic cell as a hole extraction layer with spin-coated P3HT−PCBM intrinsic layer without further annealing. Performance of the cell was found to be effected by the morphology of the PEDOT layer. A fully doped PEDOT layer of moderate thickness was found to have the highest efficiency demonstrating an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.48 V, short-circuit current (Isc) of 5.1 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 0.46, and overall efficiency (ε) of 1.1%. Electrochemically deposited PEDOT was compared to traditional spin-coated PEDOT−PSS of the same thickness. Although Voc and Isc were the same, a 30% improvement in the fill factor was observed for electrochemically deposited PEDOT. The phenomenon was attributed to lower series resistance of the cell due to higher hole mobility of pure PEDOT and better electrical contacts with both the ITO electrode and intrinsic layers.
Whole heart magnetization‐prepared steady‐state free precession coronary vein MRI (2009)

We demonstrated the feasibility of whole-heart coronary vein MRI using a 3D MT-SSFP imaging sequence. A targeted acquisition along the lateral left ventricular wall is preferred for visualization of branches commonly used in CRT lead implantation.
DextrES (2018)

We introduce DextrES, a flexible and wearable haptic glove which integrates both kinesthetic and cutaneous feedback in a thin and light form factor (weight is less than 8g). Our approach is based on an electrostatic clutch generating up to 20 N of holding force on each finger by modulating the electrostatic attraction between flexible elastic metal strips to generate an electrically-controlled friction force. We harness the resulting braking force to rapidly render on-demand kinesthetic feedback. The electrostatic brake is mounted onto the the index finger and thumb via modular 3D printed articulated guides which allow the metal strips to glide smoothly. Cutaneous feedback is provided via piezo actuators at the fingertips. We demonstrate that our approach can provide rich haptic feedback under dexterous articulation of the user's hands and provides effective haptic feedback across a variety of different grasps. A controlled experiment indicates that DextrES improves the grasping precision for different types of virtual objects. Finally, we report on results of a psycho-physical study which identifies discrimination thresholds for different levels of holding force.
Extendible Optical Interconnection Network (1989)

This paper describes a new form of non-blocking extendible multi-stage optical interconnection network that combines one, two, or more degrees of switching freedom via access to a common multiple access bus. The common bus is capable of exploiting the spatial, spectral, and temporal multiplexing powers of optics, significantly reducing the number of physical interconnections required.
Bulk-micromachined optical filter based on guided-mode resonance in silicon-nitride membrane (2006)

In this paper, a single-layer guided-mode resonance (GMR) filter based on a free-standing silicon-nitride membrane suspended on a silicon substrate is achieved by using bulk-micromachining technology. Both of grating and waveguide structures without a lower-cladding layer, i.e., substrate, are fabricated simultaneously on a silicon-nitride membrane. The device can be used as a transmission bandstop filter with the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, and feasibility to integrate with other optoelectronic elements into a microsystem chip. The design consideration, fabrication procedures, and measured spectral response are shown in this paper. Moreover, by stacking two proposed devices, /spl Delta//spl lambda/ of the stopband at a transmission below 10% is 5.06 nm.
Graphene-based Aerogels (2021)

3sensing, 4 and composites. 5 Developing three-dimensional (3D) structures with this extraordinary nanomaterial would further expand its significance both in the number of applications and in the manufacturability of devices. However, literature on the assembly of 3D graphene structures is limited. 3b, 6 Typically, previous reports rely on the high stability of graphene oxide (GO) suspensions to assemble an initial GO macrostructure, which is then thermally reduced to yield the 3D graphene network. These reports indicate that physical crosslinks (e.g. Van der Waals forces) hold the 3D graphene networks together, and that electrical conductivities obtained only reach approximately 5x10 -1 S/m. 6c
Flow‐independent magnetic resonance projection angiography (1991)

The performance of current, flow-based sequences for imaging vasculature using MR is severely restricted in regions with inherently slow flow. We address this problem with a flow-independent imaging method. Specifically, we generate projection images of blood in the limbs while suppressing signal from all other tissues (primarily skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and subcutaneous fat) using a flow-compensated, water-selective, short TI inversion recovery sequence with a long echo time. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of this sequence and present in vivo results clearly demonstrating the method's potential.