gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION BASED ON SEISMIC ATTRIBUTES RESPONSE TO OVERPRESSURE (2005)

A seismic attribute-based quantitative methodology for remote prediction of effective stresses is proposed in this study. The algorithm uses neural networks as a nonlinear interpolator between a set of seismic attributes to predict changes in differential pressure. This method is based on the relationships between specific seismic attributes and differential pressures, which were established through a series of laboratory tests. A number of ultrasonic elastic measurements simulating normal compaction, fluid expansion and tectonic mechanisms of overpressure were performed on reservoir sandstone and shale core samples. The effects of different stress paths on seismic attributes derived from experimentally recorded wavelets were investigated. Positive relationships were established between differential pressure and several seismic attributes for the first time in these tests. It has been found that instantaneous frequency, weighted mean frequency, instantaneous phase, instantaneous pseudo-Q factor, instantaneous bandwidth, instantaneous dominant frequency and autocorrelation function are sensitive to differential pressure changes. The relationships between those attributes and differential pressure follow Eberhart- Phillips’ stress-velocity empirical relationship. This implies that seismic attributes could be used for a quantitative prediction of overpressure. Moreover, our experimental results show that frequency-based seismic attributes exhibit a greater sensitivity to changes in differential pressure than does seismic velocity. The proposed methodology has been tested on a 3D seismic dataset from the North West Shelf of Australia. Predicted pore pressure values are in good agreement with available borehole data.
A paper/polymer hybrid microfluidic microplate for rapid quantitative detection of multiple disease biomarkers (2016)

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most widely used laboratory disease diagnosis methods. However, performing ELISA in low-resource settings is limited by long incubation time, large volumes of precious reagents, and well-equipped laboratories. Herein, we developed a simple, miniaturized paper/PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) hybrid microfluidic microplate for low-cost, high throughput, and point-of-care (POC) infectious disease diagnosis. The novel use of porous paper in flow-through microwells facilitates rapid antibody/antigen immobilization and efficient washing, avoiding complicated surface modifications. The top reagent delivery channels can simply transfer reagents to multiple microwells thus avoiding repeated manual pipetting and costly robots. Results of colorimetric ELISA can be observed within an hour by the naked eye. Quantitative analysis was achieved by calculating the brightness of images scanned by an office scanner. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) were quantitatively analyzed with good reliability in human serum samples. Without using any specialized equipment, the limits of detection of 1.6 ng/mL for IgG and 1.3 ng/mL for HBsAg were achieved, which were comparable to commercial ELISA kits using specialized equipment. We envisage that this simple POC hybrid microplate can have broad applications in various bioassays, especially in resource-limited settings.
Isolation of a Novel Swine Influenza Virus from Oklahoma in 2011 Which Is Distantly Related to Human Influenza C Viruses (2013)

Of the Orthomyxoviridae family of viruses, only influenza A viruses are thought to exist as multiple subtypes and has non-human maintenance hosts. In April 2011, nasal swabs were collected for virus isolation from pigs exhibiting influenza-like illness. Subsequent electron microscopic, biochemical, and genetic studies identified an orthomyxovirus with seven RNA segments exhibiting approximately 50% overall amino acid identity to human influenza C virus. Based on its genetic organizational similarities to influenza C viruses this virus has been provisionally designated C/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (C/OK). Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted viral proteins found that the divergence between C/OK and human influenza C viruses was similar to that observed between influenza A and B viruses. No cross reactivity was observed between C/OK and human influenza C viruses using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Additionally, screening of pig and human serum samples found that 9.5% and 1.3%, respectively, of individuals had measurable HI antibody titers to C/OK virus. C/OK virus was able to infect both ferrets and pigs and transmit to naive animals by direct contact. Cell culture studies showed that C/OK virus displayed a broader cellular tropism than a human influenza C virus. The observed difference in cellular tropism was further supported by structural analysis showing that hemagglutinin esterase (HE) proteins between two viruses have conserved enzymatic but divergent receptor-binding sites. These results suggest that C/OK virus represents a new subtype of influenza C viruses that currently circulates in pigs that has not been recognized previously. The presence of multiple subtypes of co-circulating influenza C viruses raises the possibility of reassortment and antigenic shift as mechanisms of influenza C virus evolution.
A glow discharge unit to render electron microscope grids and other surfaces hydrophilic (1987)

We describe the design, construction, and operation of a simple glow discharge unit that can be used to make surfaces such as carbon-coated electron microscopy grids and glass coverslips hydrophilic. The use of a vacuum leak detector (Tesla coil) in place of a conventional high-voltage power supply and a small plastic desiccator for the vacuum chamber make the unit very inexpensive. Owing to the small volume of the chamber and the simplicity of the unit, the whole glow discharge process can be carried out in only 2 to 3 min, a time considerably shorter than that required for conventional vacuum evaporators. The hydrophilic surface improves adsorption of particles by several orders of magnitude in preparation for negative staining, freeze-drying, and other procedures.
Microwave methods enable energy savings in restoration of highway pavements (1983)

Hot in-place recycling of asphalt pavement by a method which utilizes microwave energy in combination with hot-engine exhaust gases has been demonstrated to be technically and economically feasible. The process saves both energy and materials compared with conventional hot-mix recycling methods involving removal of old paving and reprocessing at hot-mix plants. Applications for microwave pavement heating include repair of cracks, joints between lanes and shoulders, wheel tracks, bridge decks, strip patching, and eventually in-place recycling of full lanes of asphalt highways. The ability of microwave energy to heat pavements rapidly and fairly uniformly to depths of up to 6 inches make this new method uniquely suitable for repair and restoration of bridges, roads and highways, and also for the construction of new paved roads in places where hot-mix plants are not available.
Repeaterless transmission of eight channels at 10 Gb/s over 137 km (11 Tb/s-km) of dispersion-shifted fiber using unequal channel spacing (1994)

Experimental evidence of the effectiveness of a proper allocation of channel frequencies to suppress four-wave-mixing crosstalk is presented by comparing an eight-channel WDM system with unequal channel spacing with a conventional equally spaced WDM system with the same optical bandwidth. Repeaterless transmission of eight 10-Gb/s WDM channels over 137 km (11 Tb/s-km) of dispersion-shifted fiber was demonstrated and error-free operation was achieved over a wide range of input powers using unequally spaced channels. The same system with equally spaced channels could not achieve a probability of error lower than 10/sup -6/. The use of unequal channel spacing allows fiber input power to be increased by as much as 7 dB, which can be translated to a fivefold increase of the bit rate per channel (and therefore of the system capacity), or to an increase of the system length by about 30 km.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compressing and indexing labeled trees, with applications (2009)

Consider an ordered, static tree T where each node has a label from alphabet Σ. Tree T may be of arbitrary degree and shape. Our goal is designing a compressed storage scheme of T that supports basic navigational operations among the immediate neighbors of a node (i.e. parent, i th child, or any child with some label,…) as well as more sophisticated path -based search operations over its labeled structure. We present a novel approach to this problem by designing what we call the XBW-transform of the tree in the spirit of the well-known Burrows-Wheeler transform for strings [1994]. The XBW-transform uses path-sorting to linearize the labeled tree T into two coordinated arrays, one capturing the structure and the other the labels. For the first time, by using the properties of the XBW-transform, our compressed indexes go beyond the information-theoretic lower bound, and support navigational and path-search operations over labeled trees within (near-)optimal time bounds and entropy-bounded space. Our XBW-transform is simple and likely to spur new results in the theory of tree compression and indexing, as well as interesting application contexts. As an example, we use the XBW-transform to design and implement a compressed index for XML documents whose compression ratio is significantly better than the one achievable by state-of-the-art tools, and its query time performance is order of magnitudes faster.
A new timing recovery architecture for fast convergence (2003)

For any given communication channel, it is desirable to recover all the initial timing information during acquisition and/or any phase and frequency changes during tracking as fast as possible. In this paper, we propose the oversampled per-survivor processing (PSP) timing recovery (TR) architecture to achieve fast convergence rate in the applications of magnetic recording channels. Its performance is compared with the symbol-rate PSP-based TR, the oversampled conventional TR (OCTR), and also with the symbol-rate conventional TR (CTR) architecture used in today's magnetic recording read-channel chip architectures. Results indicate that the oversampled PSP (OPSP) TR yields the best bit-error rate (BER) performance among other TR architectures when fast convergence is required.
Magnetic control of heterogeneous ice nucleation with nanophase magnetite: Biophysical and agricultural implications (2018)

In supercooled water, ice nucleation is a stochastic process that requires ∼250-300 molecules to transiently achieve structural ordering before an embryonic seed crystal can nucleate. This happens most easily on crystalline surfaces, in a process termed heterogeneous nucleation; without such surfaces, water droplets will supercool to below -30 °C before eventually freezing homogeneously. A variety of fundamental processes depends on heterogeneous ice nucleation, ranging from desert-blown dust inducing precipitation in clouds to frost resistance in plants. Recent experiments have shown that crystals of nanophase magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) are powerful nucleation sites for this heterogeneous crystallization of ice, comparable to other materials like silver iodide and some cryobacterial peptides. In natural materials containing magnetite, its ferromagnetism offers the possibility that magneto-mechanical motion induced by external oscillating magnetic fields could act to disrupt the water-crystal interface, inhibiting the heterogeneous nucleation process in subfreezing water and promoting supercooling. For this to act, the magneto-mechanical rotation of the particles should be higher than the magnitude of Brownian motions. We report here that 10-Hz precessing magnetic fields, at strengths of 1 mT and above, on ∼50-nm magnetite crystals dispersed in ultrapure water, meet these criteria and do indeed produce highly significant supercooling. Using these rotating magnetic fields, we were able to elicit supercooling in two representative plant and animal tissues (celery and bovine muscle), both of which have detectable, natural levels of ferromagnetic material. Tailoring magnetic oscillations for the magnetite particle size distribution in different tissues could maximize this supercooling effect.
Input Polarization Effects On Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors (1988)

We present an analysis of the dependence of the fringe visibility on input polarization in two-beam interferometric sensors, and discuss three techniques which can be used to overcome polarization induced fading in such sensor systems. The principle of operation and experimental performance of each scheme is discussed.
Temporal dynamics of innate and adaptive immune responses in broiler birds to oral delivered chitosan nanoparticle-based Salmonella subunit antigens (2020)

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) infection of poultry causes a significant risk to public health through contamination of meat and eggs. Current Salmonella vaccines have failed to provide strong mucosal immunity in the intestines to reduce Salmonella shedding and food contamination. Considering the short lifespan of broilers, an easy-to-deliver, safe and effective Salmonella vaccine is urgently needed. Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the ability of chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine delivery platform in activating immune response to Salmonella antigens in broilers inoculated orally. In an initial study, soluble whole antigen of SE entrapped in CNP was inoculated but the specific immune responses were poor. Therefore, the CNP entrapped immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMP) and flagellin (FLA) of SE and surface conjugated with FLA [CNP-(OMP + FLA)] was developed. In broilers inoculated orally with CNP-(OMP + FLA) formulation once or twice, we monitored the temporal expression of innate immune molecules and antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation. In the cecal tonsils of CNP-(OMP + FLA) inoculated birds, we observed enhanced expression of mRNA coding Toll-like receptors (TLRs)- 1, 4, 5, and 7, especially at dpv 21. In addition, both OMP and FLA specific lymphocytes proliferation at dpv 7 and 21 by CNP-(OMP + FLA) were enhanced in the spleen. In conclusion, CNP-(OMP + FLA) formulation augmented both innate and lymphocyte responses in orally inoculated broilers. Further studies are needed to determine the candidate subunit CNP vaccine's efficacy in a challenge trial.
Abstract 5567: Pancreatic disease-specific carriers of the CA 19-9 antigen identified by antibody microarrays and mass spectrometry (2010)

Abstract Distinguishing patients with malignant pancreatic tumors from those with benign conditions is critical for doctors to make proper treatment decisions. However, this process is usually costly and invasive due to the lack of a simple detection method such as a blood test. The current standard serological biomarker of pancreatic cancer, the CA 19-9 antigen, is not accurate enough for early diagnosis due to its occasional elevation in benign pancreatic diseases. The CA 19-9 antigen is a carbohydrate epitope found on multiple protein carriers. We sought to determine whether the protein carriers of the CA 19-9 antigen are different between benign and malignant pancreatic disease, and whether these differences could be harnessed to develop improved biomarkers. Two approaches were used to investigate this question. In the first, we used antibody microarrays to capture multiple different mucins from the sera of early-stage pancreatic cancer patients (n = 33), late-stage pancreatic cancer patients (n = 17), pancreatitis patients (n = 38), and healthy control subjects (n = 20), and we probed the level of the CA 19-9 antigen on the captured proteins using a monoclonal antibody. Pancreatic cancer progression was associated with a shift in CA 19-9 carriers from MUC16 to MUC1 and MUC5AC. Certain monoclonal antibodies captured glycoforms of MUC1 that predominantly carried CA 19-9 in the cancer patients. Because of that relationship, the detection of CA 19-9 on specific protein glycoforms improved the discrimination of cancer from control subjects over total CA 19-9 (AUC= 0.93 vs. AUC=0.86. In the second approach, we immunoprecipitated CA19-9 carrier proteins from pooled sera of late-stage cancer, early-stage cancer, pancreatitis, and control subjects, followed by deglycosylation and mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/TOF). Several proteins were identified in the sera of the cancer patients but not in the sera of pancreatitis or control subjects, indicating the possible identification of state-specific carriers of CA 19-9. Ongoing studies are aimed at verifying these identifications and testing performance as biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. These findings may lead to more accurate methods of discriminating benign from malignant pancreatic disease, which would improve the ability to render proper care to patients at the earliest possible stages. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5567.
Biotreatment of Refinery Spent Sulfidic Caustics (1995)

Abstract Caustics are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various hydrocarbon streams. Spent sulfidic caustics from two Conoco refineries have been successfully biotreated on a bench scale, resulting in neutralization and removal of active sulfides. Sulfides were completely oxidized to sulfate by Thiobacillus denitrificans. Microbial oxidation of sulfide produced acid, which at least partially neutralized the caustic.
Temporal Silencing of an Androgenic Gland-Specific Insulin-Like Gene Affecting Phenotypical Gender Differences and Spermatogenesis (2008)

Androgenic glands (AGs) of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii were subjected to endocrine manipulation, causing them to hypertrophy. Transcripts from these glands were used in the construction of an AG cDNA subtractive library. Screening of the library revealed an AG-specific gene, termed the M. rosenbergii insulin-like AG (Mr-IAG) gene. The cDNA of this gene was then cloned and fully sequenced. The cysteine backbone of the predicted mature Mr-IAG peptide (B and A chains) showed high similarity to that of other crustacean AG-specific insulin-like peptides. In vivo silencing of the gene, by injecting the prawns with Mr-IAG double-stranded RNA, temporarily prevented the regeneration of male secondary sexual characteristics, accompanied by a lag in molt and a reduction in growth parameters, which are typically higher in males of the species. In terms of reproductive parameters, silencing of Mr-IAG led to the arrest of testicular spermatogenesis and of spermatophore development in the terminal ampullae of the sperm duct, accompanied by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the AGs. This study constitutes the first report of the silencing of a gene expressed specifically in the AG, which caused a transient adverse effect on male phenotypical gender differences and spermatogenesis.
Electrocardiographic Activity before Onset of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery Patients (2008)

Among the 19 ECG parameters analyzed, PAC activity, frequency-domain HRV, and heart rate turbulence parameters were the best discriminators for postoperative AF.
GraB: Visual Saliency via Novel Graph Model and Background Priors (2016)

We propose an unsupervised bottom-up saliency detection approach by exploiting novel graph structure and background priors. The input image is represented as an undirected graph with superpixels as nodes. Feature vectors are extracted from each node to cover regional color, contrast and texture information. A novel graph model is proposed to effectively capture local and global saliency cues. To obtain more accurate saliency estimations, we optimize the saliency map by using a robust background measure. Comprehensive evaluations on benchmark datasets indicate that our algorithm universally surpasses state-of-the-art unsupervised solutions and performs favorably against supervised approaches.
Collapse of the Selection Rules Through 2D Plasmonics (2016)

We demonstrate that 2D plasmons can enable very high-order multipolar transitions and singlet-triplet transitions. In fact, transitions whose lifetimes are normally on the order of the age of the universe can happen in nanoseconds.
Recognition of the galactose- or N-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectin of Entamoeba histolytica by human immune sera (1987)

Cure of amebic liver abscess is associated with resistance to recurrent invasive amebiasis and the development of a humoral and cell-mediated immune response. We determined whether human immune sera contain blocking antibody for the 170-kilodalton (kDa) galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc)-binding lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. By Western blot (immunoblot) of whole amebae subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all eight immune sera studied here prominently recognized a 170-kDa amebic protein. Western blot of the purified Gal/GalNAc lectin with pooled human immune sera (PHIS) confirmed that the 170-kDa band was the adherence lectin. Immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-metabolically-labeled amebae with the antilectin monoclonal antibody H8-5 and with PHIS demonstrated that the 170-kDa lectin was the major antigen recognized by PHIS. The in vitro adherence of E. histolytica trophozoites to CHO cells at 4 degrees C was inhibited by prior exposure of amebae to greater than or equal to 1.0% PHIS. The humoral response to the Gal/GalNAc-binding lectin of the parasite may contribute to the development of protective immunity against invasive amebiasis.
Optimized Gabor filter based feature extraction for character recognition (2003)

/spl omega/This paper proposed a new feature extraction method for Chinese character recognition by using optimized Gabor filters. Based on the theory of Gabor filters and the statistical information of Chinese character images, a simple but effective method to design Gabor filters was developed. Moreover, to improve the performances for low quality images, we modified the non-linear function used in previous research to regulate the outputs of Gabor filters adaptively. This paper also meliorated the feature extraction method to improve the discriminability of histogram features. Experiments had shown that our method perform excellently for images with noises, backgrounds or stroke distortions and can be applied to printed or handwritten character recognition tasks in low quality greyscale or binary images.
A superscalar 3D graphics engine (1999)

3D graphics performance is increasing faster than any other computing application. Almost all PC systems now include 3D graphics accelerators for games, CAD, or visualization applications. Many of the microarchitectural techniques that have been used to enhance the performance of microprocessors can be applied to graphics systems as well. We present an architecture for an out-of-order, superscalar rasterizer for 3D graphics. This allows the concurrent execution of multiple graphics primitives while maintaining exact sequential semantics. Experimental results show 1.5-3.6X speedups on real applications using a simple model, similar to the results from many integer benchmarks on superscalar processors. Enhanced techniques specific to 3D graphics for decomposing large triangles and breaking false dependence chains increase performance to more than 10x a sequential system.