gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra line copy for HEVC screen content coding (2014)

This paper presents an intra line copy mode, which introduces a finer-granularity block partitioning structure for the intra copying technique, to further improve the coding efficiency for screen content. This mode first divides a prediction block horizontally or vertically into 1-pixel-wide lines and then operates intra copying line-by-line from the reconstructed pixels in the current frame. It shares some parallels with the notion of string matching widely used for lossless data compression. It, however, is more compliant to the current HEVC design and is parallel-friendly. This paper shall detail its various design issues, including the design of a fast algorithm based on hashing techniques and the impact of search window size on its performance and complexity trade-off. Experimental results show that the proposed mode can offer 2.7-12.9% of BD-rate reductions, with 26% increase of encoding runtime while keeping the decoding runtime unchanged, when integrated into the SCM-1.0 test model.
Compiler-Directed Power Management for Superscalars (2015)

Modern superscalar CPUs contain large complex structures and diverse execution units, consuming wide dynamic power range. Building a power delivery network for the worst-case power consumption is not energy efficient and often is impossible to fit in small systems. Instantaneous power excursions can cause voltage droops. Power management algorithms are too slow to respond to instantaneous events. In this article, we propose a novel compiler-directed framework to address this problem. The framework is validated on a 4th Generation Intel® Core™ processor and with simulator on output trace. Up to 16% performance speedup is measured over baseline for the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks.
Rusfertide (PTG-300), a Hepcidin Mimetic, Maintains Liver Iron Concentration in the Absence of Phlebotomies in Patients with Hereditary Hemochromatosis (2021)

Abstract Introduction: Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) require continued phlebotomies to limit end-organ damage. Approximately 25% of patients in maintenance felt receiving phlebotomies was "inconvenient" or "very inconvenient" (Brisott et al, 2011). Patient compliance with phlebotomies generally declines with time (Hicken et al, 2003), and therapeutic phlebotomies may not be medically suitable for some HH patients. Rusfertide, a peptide mimetic of hepcidin, is an effective regulator of iron distribution and utilization that has demonstrated control of iron in an animal model of HH. Methods: We conducted an open-label, dose-finding efficacy study that investigated subcutaneous rusfertide in HH patients on a stable phlebotomy regimen of 0.25 to 1 phlebotomy per month for at least 6 months. Patients with clinical laboratory abnormalities and those receiving iron chelation therapy or erythrocytapheresis were excluded. Subjects received individually titrated rusfertide doses once or twice a week to maintain transferrin saturation (TSAT) below 45% and were followed for 6 months. Study measures included TSAT, serum iron, transferrin and ferritin, liver iron concentration (LIC) measured by MRI, and adverse events (AEs). Results: Sixteen subjects (10 male/6 female) were enrolled. Mean age and weight were 62.5 years and 88.1 kg, respectively. LIC values were maintained at pre-study levels, with minimal use of phlebotomies during the duration of the study (Figure 1A). Average pre-study phlebotomy rate was 0.27 phlebotomies/month compared to 0.03 phlebotomies/month during the study (p&lt;0.0001; Figure 1B). There was a dose- and concentration-dependent decrease in serum iron and TSAT (Figure 2A and 2B). Transferrin levels were relatively constant over the course of the study. There were no notable changes in hematological parameters such as hematocrit, erythrocytes, leucocytes, or platelets. Rusfertide was generally well tolerated. Adverse events reported in 2 or more subjects included diarrhea, fatigue, injection site reactions (erythema, induration, pain, pruritis), dizziness, and headache. Conclusions: Rusfertide demonstrated a pharmacodynamic effect in reducing TSAT and serum iron, with corresponding significant reduction in the number of phlebotomies, and with LIC maintained at pre-study levels with minimal use of phlebotomies. These data indicate rusfertide was well tolerated in patients with HH and controls LIC, supporting development of rusfertide as a potential treatment for HH. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kowdley: PTG: Consultancy, Research Funding. Modi: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment. Valone: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gupta: Protagonist Therapeutics: Current Employment.
Somatic mutation of TSSC5, a novel imprinted gene from human chromosome 11p15.5. (1998)

We previously reported the isolation of a 2.5 Mb tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment (STF) from 11p15.5 and the identification of nine known genes and four novel genes within this STF. We now report the isolation of a fifth novel cDNA, tumor-suppressing STF cDNA 5, designated TSSC5, located within the STF. TSSC5 encodes a predicted protein of 424 amino acids. Sequence analysis suggests that TSSC5 is a membrane protein with 10 transmembrane segments, and it is located between two imprinted genes, p57KIP2 and TSSC3. Northern blot hybridization revealed a 1.6-kb transcript in multiple adult tissues and in fetal liver and kidney, consistent with a potential role in embryonal tumors. We also found that TSSC5 is imprinted with preferential expression from the maternal chromosome. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of TSSC5 revealed frequent occurrence of aberrant RNA splicing, which deleted exons 4, 5, and 6 in Wilms' tumors. Mutational analysis of TSSC5 by direct DNA sequencing of exons revealed a base substitution of G1120A in a Wilms' tumor, matched normal kidney, and the patient's mother, changed Arg at codon 309 to Gln. The G1120A substitution thus represents either a rare polymorphism or a tumor-predisposing mutation, because the mutant allele was of maternal origin and preferentially expressed in the patient's tissue. A second base substitution, C892T, was found in a lung cancer, changing Ser at codon 233 to Phe. This substitution was absent from the matched normal tissue and thus represented a somatic mutation. We also found loss of heterozygosity in the lung cancer, suggesting that TSSC5 may be a conventional tumor suppressor gene in the adult human lung and an imprinted tumor suppressor gene in the fetal kidney.
Real-time and label-free monitoring of nanoparticle cellular uptake using capacitance-based assays (2016)

Nanoparticles have shown great potential as vehicles for the delivery of drugs, nucleic acids, and therapeutic proteins; an efficient, high-throughput screening method to analyze nanoparticle interaction with the cytomembrane would substantially improve the efficiency and accuracy of the delivery. Here, we developed a capacitance sensor array that monitored the capacitance values of nanoparticle-treated cells in a real-time manner, without the need for labeling. Upon cellular uptake of the nanoparticles, a capacitance peak was observed at a low frequency (e.g., 100 Hz) as a function of time based on zeta potential changes. In the high frequency region (e.g., 15-20 kHz), the rate of decreasing capacitance slowed as a function of time compared to the cell growth control group, due to increased cytoplasm resistance and decreased membrane capacitance and resistance. The information provided by our capacitance sensor array will be a powerful tool for scientists designing nanoparticles for specific purposes.
DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, PILOT TRIAL OF BOTULINUM TOXIN A IN RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (2008)

Discussion. This study showed no significant improvement in IRLS and CGI at week 4 for BTX-A. A statistically significant benefit was noted on the CGI secondary endpoint for the placebo group at week 2. AEs were similar between the groups. Any future studies should be powered to account for the significant placebo response while exploring higher doses without unmasking controls.
Molecular and immunological characterization of a DNA-launched yellow fever virus 17D infectious clone (2014)

Yellow fever virus (YFV)-17D is an empirically developed, highly effective live-attenuated vaccine that has been administered to human beings for almost a century. YFV-17D has stood as a paradigm for a successful viral vaccine, and has been exploited as a potential virus vector for the development of recombinant vaccines against other diseases. In this study, a DNA-launched YFV-17D construct (pBeloBAC-FLYF) was explored as a new modality to the standard vaccine to combine the commendable features of both DNA vaccine and live-attenuated viral vaccine. The DNA-launched YFV-17D construct was characterized extensively both in cell culture and in mice. High titres of YFV-17D were generated upon transfection of the DNA into cells, whereas a mutant with deletion in the capsid-coding region (pBeloBAC-YF/ΔC) was restricted to a single round of infection, with no release of progeny virus. Homologous prime-boost immunization of AAD mice with both pBeloBAC-FLYF and pBeloBAC-YF/ΔC elicited specific dose-dependent cellular immune response against YFV-17D. Vaccination of A129 mice with pBeloBAC-FLYF resulted in the induction of YFV-specific neutralizing antibodies in all vaccinated subjects. These promising results underlined the potential of the DNA-launched YFV both as an alternative to standard YFV-17D vaccination and as a vaccine platform for the development of DNA-based recombinant YFV vaccines.
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells: Device Stability Based on Chemical Flexibility (1999)

Is “self-healing” the source of the stability of Cu(In, Ga)Se2-based solar modules? The proven remarkable stability and radiation hardness of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells stand in apparent contradiction to the fact that CIGS shows both short-range (metastable defect centers) and long-range (significant Cu migration) instabilities. The authors suggest that these instabilities may in fact be a prerequisite for CIGS's stability as they allow a degree of flexibility or “smartness” in accommodating externally imposed changes. Two self-healing cycles are proposed, in which copper species play a particularly important role.
Combination therapy with PTH and DBM cannot heal a critical sized murine femoral defect (2015)

Orthopaedic surgeons continue to search for cost-effective bone graft substitutes to enhance bone repair. Teriparatide (PTH 1-34) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) have been used in patients to promote bone healing. We evaluated the efficacy of PTH and DBM in healing a critical sized femoral defect in three lineage-specific transgenic mice expressing Col3.6GFPtopaz (pre-osteoblastic marker), Col2.3GFPemerald (osteoblastic marker) and α-SMA-Cherry (pericyte/myofibroblast marker). Mid-diaphyseal defects measuring 2 mm in length were created in the central 1/3 of mice femora using a circular saw and stabilized with an alveolar distractor device and cerclage wires. Three groups were evaluated: Group I, PTH 30 μg/kg injection daily, Group II, PTH 30 μg/kg injection daily + DBM, and Group III, DBM + 30μL saline injection. PTH was given for 28 days or until the time of sacrifice. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Radiographs at the time of sacrifice were evaluated using a 5-point scaled scoring system. Radiographs showed a lack of healing across all treatment groups at all time points: Group I, 1.57 +/- 0.68; Group II, 3.00 +/- 1.29; and Group III, 2.90 +/- 1.03. Bone formation in the defect as measured by radiographic healing score was significantly better at 56 days in Groups II (p = 0.01) and III (p < 0.01) compared to Group I. Across all treatment groups and time points the defects were largely absent of osteoprogenitor cells based on gross observation of frozen histology and quantitation of cellular based histomorphometric parameters. Quantitation of frozen histologic slides showed a limited osteoprogenitor response to PTH and DBM. Our results suggest that the anabolic agent teriparatide is unable to induce healing in a critical sized mouse femoral defect when given alone or in combination with the DBM preparation we used as a local bone graft substitute.
Comparison of the catalytic activity of MOFs and zeolites in Knoevenagel condensation (2012)

The catalytic behavior of metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs) CuBTC and FeBTC was investigated in Knoevenagel condensation of cyclohexane carbaldehyde and benzaldehyde with active methylene compounds and compared with zeolites BEA and TS-1. High yields were achieved over the CuBTC catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation involving malonitrile, especially at a relatively low reaction temperature (80 °C); no leaching of the active phase was evidenced. In contrast, zeolites were not active under such reaction conditions. We propose an activation of malonitrile on a pair of adjacent Cu ions to explain the high catalytic activity of CuBTC with respect to conventional catalysts. Compared with CuBTC, zeolites exhibited usually lower selectivities, which is ascribed to a high acid strength of their active sites promoting consecutive reactions.
Enhanced client polling with multilevel pre-fetching algorithm for wireless networks (2007)

The implementation of client polling as a weak cache coherence mechanism has two major drawbacks: Firstly, the cache may return a stale copy if the object is changed in the origin server while the cached copy is considered valid. Secondly, the cache can invalidate a cached copy that is still valid in the server. Therefore, we propose a multilevel pre-fetching (MLP) in conjunction with the client polling to refine these drawbacks. MLP is introduced to improve the level of freshness among the cached objects. The simulation results presented in this paper show that the proposed MLP significantly minimizes the number of stale objects and reduces the invalidation messages sent out to the server, i.e., increase the cache HIT rate.
Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds and Disulfides with Trifluoromethane and Silicon-Containing Bases (2000)

Provided that DMF (or another N,N-dialkylformamide) is present in the reaction medium, at least in a catalytic amount, fluoroform trifluoromethylates efficiently carbonyl compounds, even enolizable ones, when opposed to (TMS)(2)N(-) M(+), generated in situ from N(TMS)(3) and M(+) F(-) or RO(-) Na(+). When F(-) is used in a catalytic amount, silylated alpha-(trifluoromethyl)carbinols are obtained: in this case, the four-component system HCF(3)/N(TMS)(3)/catalytic F(-)/catalytic DMF behaves like the Ruppert's reagent, especially as far as nonenolizable carbonyl compounds are concerned (CF(3)SiMe(3) remains more efficient for enolizable carbonyl compounds). This process involves an adduct between DMF and (-)CF(3) which is the true trifluoromethylating agent. In the same way, fluoroform efficiently trifluoromethylates disulfides and diselenides when deprotonated with a strong base selected from t-BuOK or N(SiMe(3))(3)/Me(4)NF (or TBAT). t-BuOK is more adapted to the trifluoromethylation of aryl disulfides whereas N(SiMe(3))(3)/F(-) is well suited to that of aliphatic disulfides.
Use of beamforming and interference mitigation techniques for relay backhaul enhancement (2016)

Relaying is one of the promising approaches for extending service coverage and improving quality of service. The self-backhauling of relays towards a serving (donor) eNode B provides cost-effective solution for deployment scenarios where conventional backhauling is either costly or unavailable. The end-to-end throughputs achievable by users served by relays are dependent on achievable throughputs on both the relay access and backhaul links. The 3GPP standardized Type 1 inband relay node (RN) employs a time-based resource partitioning between relay backhaul and access links. This resource allocation strategy coupled with sharing of eNode B (eNB) resources between the RN and users served directly by the eNB usually creates a backhaul bottleneck. The relay backhaul link performance is further degraded due to intercell interference, particularly on the cell edge where the deployment of relays are usually targeted. In this paper, the relay user's throughput enhancements by relaxation of relay backhaul bottlenecks are investigated through the use of beamforming and interference mitigation techniques. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in relay backhaul performance and end-to-end throughputs for relay users through the use of limited feedback beamforming and interference mitigation schemes.
Multiuser Limited Feedback for Wireless Multi-Antenna Communication (2007)

For a wireless multi-antenna network with a large number of users, the sum capacity scales at most linearly with the number of antennas and double logarithmically the number of users. Achieving this optimal capacity scaling potentially requires feedback of channel state information (CSI) from all users, leading to overflow of the feedback channel. This paper proposes a limited feedback strategy that provides feedback control such that a sum CSI feedback rate constraint is satisfied. It is proved that a wireless multi-antenna network using the proposed limited feedback strategy achieves the optimal capacity scaling for the broadcast channel.
Stabilization of lysozyme against irreversible inactivation by alterations of the Asp-Gly sequences (1995)

Site-directed mutagenesis was performed at Asp-Gly (48-49, 66-67, 101-102) and Asn-Gly (103-104) sequences of hen egg-white lysozyme to protect the enzyme against irreversible thermoinactivation. Because the lysozyme inactivation was caused by the accumulation of multiple chemical reactions, including the isomerization of the Asp-Gly sequence and the deamidation of Asn [Tomizawa et al. (1994) Biochemistry, 33, 13032-13037], the suppression of these reactions by the substitution of Gly to Ala, or the introduction of a sequence of human-type lysozyme, was attempted and the mutants (where each or all labile sequences were replaced) were prepared. The substitution resulted in the reversible destabilization from 1 to 2 kcal/mol per substitution. The destabilization was caused by the introduction of beta-carbon to the constrained position that had conformational angles within the allowed range for the Gly residue. Despite the decrease in the reversible conformational stability, the mutants had more resistance to irreversible inactivation at pH 4 and 100 degrees C. In particular, the rate of irreversible inactivation of the mutant, which was replaced at four chemically labile sequences, was the latest and corresponded to approximately 18 kcal/mol of the reversible conformational stability. Therefore, replacement of the chemically labile sequence was found to be more effective at protecting enzymes against irreversible thermoinactivation than at strengthening reversible conformational stability.
The Dislocation of Women's Experience in Family Therapy (1998)

(1998). The Dislocation of Women's Experience in Family Therapy. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-22.
Health Care Use And At-Work Productivity Among Employees With Mental Disorders (2000)

This study examines the differential medical care use and work productivity of employees with and without anxiety and with other mental disorders at a large national firm. A unique aspect of this study is that we integrate medical claims and employer-provided, objective productivity data for the same employees. We find extensive mental health comorbidities among anxious employees. Although medical care use differs considerably among employees having no, one, or several treated mental disorders, in most cases their annual average absenteeism and average at-work productivity performance do not differ. Differences among subgroups are observed for job tenure and maternity claims. We discuss these long-term average productivity findings in relation to other literature encompassing shorter time periods.
Mechanistic, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies on the Catecholase Activity of a Dinuclear Copper Complex by Dioxygen (1999)

Dinuclear copper(II) complexes with the new ligand 1,6-bis[[bis(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)methyl]amino]-n-hexane (EBA) have been synthesized, and their reactivity as models for tyrosinase has been investigated in comparison with that of previously reported dinuclear complexes containing similar aminobis(benzimidazole) donor groups. The complex [Cu2(EBA)(H2O)4]4+, five-coordinated SPY, with three nitrogen donors from the ligand and two water molecules per copper, can be reversibly converted into the bis(hydroxo) complex [Cu2(EBA)(OH)2]2+ by addition of base (pKa1 = 7.77, pKa2 = 9.01). The latter complex can also be obtained by air oxidation of [Cu2(EBA)]2+ in methanol. The X-ray structural characterization of [Cu2(EBA)(OH)2]2+ shows that a double μ-hydroxo bridge is established between the two Cu(II) centers in this complex. The coordination geometry of the coppers is distorted square planar, with two benzimidazole donors and two hydroxo groups in the equatorial plane, and an additional, lengthened and severely distorted axial interaction (∼2.5 Å) with the tertiary amine donor. The small size and the quality of the single crystal as well as the fair loss of crystallinity during data collection required the use of synchrotron radiation at 100 K. [Cu2(EBA)(OH)2][PF6]2: orthorhombic Pca21 space group, a = 22.458(2) Å, b = 10.728(1) Å, c = 19.843(2) Å, R = 0.089. Besides OH-, the [Cu2(EBA)(H2O)4]4+ complex binds azide as a bridging ligand, with the μ-1,3 mode. Azide can also displace μ-OH in [Cu2(EBA)(OH)2]2+ as a bridging ligand. In general, the binding constants indicate that the long alkyl chain of EBA is less easily folded in the structures containing bridging ligands than the m-xylyl residue present in the previously reported dicopper(II) complexes. Electrochemical experiments show that [Cu2(EBA)(H2O)4]4+ undergoes a single, partially chemically reversible, two-electron reduction to the corresponding dicopper(I) congener at positive potential values (E0‘ = 0.22 V, vs SCE). Interestingly, however, coordination to azide ion makes the reduction process proceed through two separated one-electron steps. The catalytic activity of [Cu2(EBA)(H2O)4]4+ in the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol has been examined in methanol/aqueous buffer, pH 5.1. The mechanism of the catalytic cycle parallels that of tyrosinase, where no hydrogen peroxide is released and dioxygen is reduced to water. Low-temperature (−80 °C) spectroscopic experiments show that oxygenation of the reduced complex [Cu2(EBA)]2+ does not produce a stable dioxygen adduct and leads to a μ-oxodicopper(II) species in a fast reaction.