gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GigaHash (2007)

A minimal perfect function maps a static set of n keys on to the range of integers {0,1,2,...,n - 1}. We present a scalable high performance algorithm based on random graphs for constructing minimal perfect hash functions (MPHFs). For a set of n keys, our algorithm outputs a description of h in expected time O(n). The evaluation of h(x) requires three memory accesses for any key x and the description of h takes up 0.89n bytes (7.13n bits). This is the best (most space efficient) known result to date. Using a simple heuristic and Huffman coding, the space requirement is further reduced to 0.79n bytes (6.86n bits). We present a high performance architecture that is easy to parallelize and scales well to very large data sets encountered in internet search applications. Experimental results on a one billion URL dataset obtained from Live Search crawl data, show that the proposed algorithm (a)finds an MPHF for one billion URLs in less than 4 minutes, and (b) requires only 6.86 bits/key for the description of h.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an NADPH Quinone Oxidoreductase from Kluyveromyces marxianus (2003)

NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase is a ubiquitous enzyme that is known to directly reduce quinone substrates to hydroquinones by a two-electron reaction. We report the identification of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase from Kluyveromyces marxianus (KmQOR), which reduces quinone substrates directly to hydroquinones. The KmQOR gene was sequenced, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The open-reading frame of the KmQOR gene consists of 1143 nucleotides, encoding a 380 amino acid polypeptide. The nucleotide sequence of the KmQOR gene was assigned to EMBL under accession number AY040868. The M(r) that was determined by SDS-PAGE for the protein subunit was about 42 kDa, and the molecular mass of the native KmQOR was 84 kDa, as determined by column calibration, indicating that the native protein is a homodimer. The KmQOR protein efficiently reduced 1,4-benzoquinone, whereas no activities were found for menadiones and methoxyquinones. These observations, and the result of an extended sequence analysis of known NADPH quinone oxidoreductase, suggest that KmQOR possesses a different action mechanism.
In-Situ Grafting of Hyperbranched Poly(ether ketone)s onto Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes via the A<sub>3</sub> + B<sub>2</sub> Approach (2007)

Trimesic acid and phenyl ether were in-situ polymerized as A3 and B2 monomers, respectively, in the presence of a fixed amount (10 wt %) of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) to afford hyperbranched poly(ether ketone)s (PEK's)/MWNT nanocomposites. The feed ratios of A3 and B2 monomers vary from 3:2 to 1:2 in the A3 + B2 polycondensations. The polymerization was carried out in a mildly acidic medium, i.e., poly(phosphoric acid) or PPA, with an optimized amount of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) added. The overall evidence based on the data of elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) implicates that hyperbranched PEK's were attached to the surface of MWNT to form hyperbranched PEK-g-MWNT nanocomposites. Furthermore, MWNT remained structurally intact under the polymerization and workup conditions. Evidently driven by the molecular architecture of globular hyperbranched polymers, the morphology of the nanocomposites resembles “mushroom-like clusters on MWNT stalks”. The hyperbranched PEK-g-MWNT nanocomposites were soluble in polar aprotic solvents stemming from numerous carboxylic acids on their surfaces. When some of samples were dispersed in 1 M LiOH aqueous solutions, they formed very stable suspensions. The resulting lithiated nanocomposites are being investigated in the applications such as ion conductivity and energy capacitance.
Self-emulsifying formulation of Spinacia oleracea reduces the dose and escalates bioavailability of bioactive compounds to accelerate fracture repair in rats (2020)

Abstract Background Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea) is a rich source of flavonoids and therefore widely used therapeutically as an antioxidant agent in traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to study the bone regenerating property of dried Spinacia oleracea extract (DSE) and self-emulsifying formulation of the extract (FDSE) on drill-hole model of fracture repair in rats. Methods 0.8 mm hole was drilled in the diaphyseal region of femur in adult SD rats. DSE and formulated extract (FDSE) was administered orally and fractured femur was collected after treatment regimen. Micro-CT, transcriptional analysis and measurement of calcein intensity of callus formed at the injured site was performed to study the efficacy of the extract and formulation on bone regeneration. Further, compounds from extract were assessed for in-vitro osteoblast activity. Results Micro-architecture of the regenerated bone at injured site exhibited 26% ( p < 0.001) and 35% ( p < 0.01) increased BV/TV (bone volume /tissue volume) and Tb.N. (trabecular number) for DSE (500 mg.kg − 1 ). Further, FDSE exhibited similar augmentation in BV/TV ( p < 0.01) and Tb. N ( p < 0.01) parameters at dose of 250 mg.kg − 1 . Analogous results were obtained from transcriptional analysis and calcein intensity at the fractured site. 3-O-Methylpatuletin, one of the compound isolated from the extract stimulated the differentiation and mineralization of primary osteoblast and depicted concentration dependent antagonizing effect of H 2 O 2 in osteoblast apparently, minimizing ROS generation thus affectivity in fracture repair. Conclusions The present study showed that bone regenerating property of spinach was augmented by formulating extract to deliverable form and can be further studied to develop as therapeutic agent for fracture repair. Graphical abstract
A New Stable-Isotope-Aided NMR Method for Structural Determinations of Proteins: The SAIL Method (2004)

In the post-genomic era the NMR method for structural determinations of proteins has to be high-throughput, accurate, and applicable to larger proteins. Conventional NMR methods, however, do not meet these requirements simultaneously. The stereo-array-isotope-labeling (SAIL) method, which we are currently developing, is an entirely new NMR technique which satisfies all of these criteria.
<title>Directional interstitial ultrasound applicators for thermal coagulation of tissue</title> (1998)

Direct-coupled and catheter-cooled interstitial ultrasound applicators have been evaluated for thermal necrosis of small, localized tumors. Emphasis of the design criteria has been on directionality of power deposition and the corresponding tissue heating. Ultrasound applicators have been fabricated using piezoceramic tubes operating at approximately 7 MHz. The applicators have full 360 degree(s) active acoustic zones, or are sectored to provide different angular heating patterns. The applicators were characterized through acoustic power output measurements, beam profile distributions in water, thermal distribution measurements in an in vitro perfused kidney model, and in vivo thermal dosimetry in porcine thigh muscle. Bench tests demonstrated that high power output levels could be sustained in both the direct-coupled and catheter-cooled devices without degradation of the ultrasound transducer. The angular power depositions obtained in water were closely correlated to the resultant temperature distributions measured both in the in vitro kidney and in vivo experiments, thus demonstrating the ability to shape the beam profiles for controlled, directional ablation of tissue.
Project PBerry (2019)

Recent research efforts propose remote memory systems that pool memory from multiple hosts. These systems rely on the virtual memory subsystem to track application memory accesses and transparently offer remote memory to applications. We outline several limitations of this approach, such as page fault overheads and dirty data amplification. Instead, we argue for a fundamentally different approach: leverage the local host's cache coherence traffic to track application memory accesses at cache line granularity. Our approach uses emerging cache-coherent FPGAs to expose cache coherence events to the operating system. This approach not only accelerates remote memory systems by reducing dirty data amplification and by eliminating page faults, but also enables other use cases, such as live virtual machine migration, unified virtual memory, security and code analysis. All of these use cases open up many promising research directions.
Major challenges and opportunities in silicon solar module recycling (2020)

Abstract This article examines some of the basic questions about silicon module recycling: (1) What can be recovered from silicon modules? (2) What recycling technologies are needed? (3) What are the potential revenues for different recycling scenarios? And (4) what are the major challenges for different recycling scenarios? Three recycling scenarios are considered: module reuse, component extraction, and material extraction. Recycling process sequences for different scenarios are outlined. The discussions conclude that module reuse generates the highest revenue with the fewest processing steps, while material extraction leads to the lowest revenue with the most processing steps. It is suggested that gentle and clean separation of silicon solar cells from the glass pane is a critical technology for silicon module recycling. It is also argued that two low‐concentration metals must be recovered from silicon modules: silver as a scarce material and lead as a toxic material. Their recovery requires chemical methods, while bulky materials including glass cullet, aluminum frame, and copper wiring can be recovered with physical methods. The silicon in the cells can be extracted with different qualities: ferro‐silicon, metallurgical‐grade silicon, or solar‐grade silicon, with a higher revenue and more complicated recycling process for purer silicon. Markets outside the solar industry for the recovered silicon should be explored. The biggest challenge for module reuse is to find a large and sustained market for hundreds of gigawatts peak of decommissioned modules a year, and the biggest challenge for component extraction is the many different module and cell structures on the market and cell efficiency variability. For all the three scenarios, the cost of collecting and processing waste modules is a common challenge.
Ferroelectricity in epitaxial pulsed laser deposited bismuth-layered perovskite thin films of different crystallographic orientations (2001)

Epitaxial thin films Of various bismuth-layered perovskites SrBi(2)Ta(2)O(9), Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12), BaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15), and Ba(2)Bi(4)Ti(5)O(18) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition onto epitaxial conducting LaNiO(3) or SrRuO(3) electrodes on single crystalline SrTiO(3) substrates with different crystallographic orientations or on top of epitaxial buffer layers on (100) silicon. The conductive perovskite electrodes and the epitaxial ferroelectric films are strongly influenced by the nature of the substrate, and bismuth-layered perovskite ferroelectric films with mixed (100), (110)- and (001)-orientations as well as with uniform (001)-, (116)- and (103)- orientations have been obtained. Structure and morphology investigations performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning probe microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy reveal the different epitaxial relationships between films and substrates. A clear correlation of the crystallographic orientation of the epitaxial films with their ferroelectric properties is illustrated by macroscopic and microscopic measurements of epitaxial bismuth-layered perovskite thin films of different crystallographic orientations.
“Faithless Replay” for Persistent Logless Mid-Tier Components (2008)

<i>Drosophila</i> Dicer-2 efficiently and precisely produces 21-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs from long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates and loads these siRNAs onto the effector protein Argonaute2 for RNA silencing. The functional roles of each domain of the multidomain Dicer-2 enzyme in the production and loading of siRNAs are not fully understood. Here we characterized Dicer-2 mutants lacking either the N-terminal helicase domain or the C-terminal dsRNA-binding domain (CdsRBD) (ΔHelicase and ΔCdsRBD, respectively) in vivo and in vitro. We found that ΔCdsRBD Dicer-2 produces siRNAs with lowered efficiency and length fidelity, producing a smaller ratio of 21-nt siRNAs and higher ratios of 20- and 22-nt siRNAs in vivo and in vitro. We also found that ΔCdsRBD Dicer-2 cannot load siRNA duplexes to Argonaute2 in vitro. Consistent with these findings, we found that ΔCdsRBD Dicer-2 causes partial loss of RNA silencing activity in vivo. Thus, Dicer-2 CdsRBD is crucial for the efficiency and length fidelity in siRNA production and for siRNA loading. Together with our previously published findings, we propose that CdsRBD binds the proximal body region of a long dsRNA substrate whose 5'-monophosphate end is anchored by the phosphate-binding pocket in the PAZ domain. CdsRBD aligns the RNA to the RNA cleavage active site in the RNase III domain for efficient and high-fidelity siRNA production. This study reveals multifunctions of Dicer-2 CdsRBD and sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which Dicer-2 produces 21-nt siRNAs with a high efficiency and fidelity for efficient RNA silencing.
<title>Model of intravenous bolus propagation for optimization of contrast enhancement</title> (2000)

Synchronization of contrast administration and CT imaging can maximize the signal differences between arteries and background in first pass studies. In this paper, a bolus propagation model is developed for tomographic angiography, especially CT angiography that relies on bolus peak prediction, real-time CT observation and adaptive table transport. The bolus propagation model is configured as a network of vessels and organs, each of which is described based on the vascular transport operator theory. The traditional vascular operator is augmented by introducing a longitudinal length parameter to depict the bolus propagation along a vessel. A parameter adjustment algorithm is also designed for the extended vascular operator, assuming real- time measurements of concentration-time curves are available at multiple locations along the vessel. As a result, the bolus concentration can be computed with respective to both the time since bolus injection and the location along the vessel. Numerical simulation and patient studies with CT and MRI are performed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of the bolus propagation model. Individualization of the bolus propagation model are tested. Theoretical and practical values are in excellent agreement. This bolus propagation model has a significant potential for optimization of tomographic angiography. In particular, this model can be applied to CT angiography so that the intravenous bolus peak and the X-ray imaging aperture are matched with an adaptive table transport.
Mechanical and Self-Healing Performances of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Materials and Light-Activated Self-Healing Polymer (2019)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a new generation of ultraviolet (UV) light–induced self-healing polymers in enhancing the durability of asphalt mixtures and improving their self-healing capabilities. Mixtures were prepared using two different binders, with and without recycled materials, and self-healing polymers. Results showed that the addition of recycled asphalt materials to mixtures prepared with an unmodified binder (PG 67-22) negatively affected healing recovery at room temperature. The self-healing properties of the mixtures were improved by increasing the healing temperature from 25°C to 50°C, which indicates the temperature dependency of the self-healing properties of asphalt mixtures. The addition of 5% self-healing polymers to the control mixture followed by 48 h of UV light exposure resulted in an increase in the self-healing properties of the mixtures prepared with PG 67-22 binder. Semicircular bending (SCB) test results showed that the incorporation of self-healing polymer and 48 h of UV light exposure improved the cracking resistance of the mixture. Loaded-wheel tracking (LWT) test results showed that the addition of the self-healing polymer caused an increase in the rut depth of the samples prepared with the unmodified binder. However, the final rut depth was less than 6 mm, which is an acceptable rutting performance. Thermal stress restrained specimen test results showed that self-healing polymer improved the low-temperature cracking performance of the mix by increasing the fracture load and decreasing the fracture temperature.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Novel 2-Substituted Pyrazinoylguanidine Epithelial Sodium Channel Blockers:  Drugs for Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Bronchitis (2006)

Amiloride (1), the prototypical epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker, has been administered with limited success as aerosol therapy for improving pulmonary function in patients with the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis. This study was conducted to synthesize and identify more potent, less reversible ENaC blockers, targeted for aerosol therapy and possessing minimal systemic renal activity. A series of novel 2-substituted acylguanidine analogues of amiloride were synthesized and evaluated for potency and reversibility on bronchial ENaC. All compounds tested were more potent and less reversible at blocking sodium-dependent short-circuit current than amiloride. Compounds 30-34 showed the greatest potency on ENaC with IC(50) values below 10 nM. A regioselective difference in potency was found (compounds 30, 39, and 40), whereas no stereospecific (compounds 33, 34) difference in potency on ENaC was displayed. Lead compound 32 was 102-fold more potent and 5-fold less reversible than amiloride and displayed the lowest IC(50) value ever reported for an ENaC blocker.
OMNIDIRECTIONAL SENSOR ARRAY SYSTEM / SYSTÈME DE RÉSEAU DE CAPTEURS OMNIDIRECTIONNELS (2010)

An omnidirectional sensor array system, for example a panoptic camera, comprising a plurality of sensors arranged on a support of predetermined shape to acquire data, wherein said sensors are directional and wherein each sensor is attached to a processing node which comprises integrated electronics that carries out at least a portion of the signal processing algorithms locally in order to reduce the computational load of a central hardware unit.\n\nLa présente invention concerne un système de réseau de capteurs omnidirectionnels, par exemple une caméra panoptique, comprenant une pluralité de capteurs agencés sur un support de forme prédéterminée pour acquérir des données, lesdits capteurs étant directionnels et chacun des capteurs étant fixé à un noeud de traitement qui comprend une électronique intégrée exécutant au moins une partie des algorithmes de traitement de signaux localement de façon à réduire la charge de calcul d'une unité matérielle centrale.
Using neighbouring nodes for the compression of octrees representing the geometry of point clouds (2019)

The geometry of a point cloud is commonly represented by an octree recursively decomposing a 3D volume into eight child sub-volumes. Said volumes and sub-volumes are associated with nodes and child-nodes of the octree. The geometry is defined by the occupancy information indicating the presence or not of a point in each of the sub-volumes. This naturally leads to an eight-bit occupancy information to be coded for each internal node of the tree.
Public-key cryptography using paraunitary matrices (2006)

In this paper, we propose an algebraic approach for designing multivariate cryptosystems. Our method is based on formulating a general system of multivariate polynomial equations by paraunitary matrices. These matrices are a special family of invertible polynomial matrices that can be completely parameterized and efficiently generated by primitive building blocks. Using the general formulation that involves paraunitary matrices, we design a one-way function that operates over the fields of characteristic two. In order to include a trapdoor, we make some approximations to the paraunitary matrix. The result is a trapdoor one-way function that is efficient to evaluate but hard to invert unless secret information about the trapdoor is known. Using this function, we propose a paraunitary asymmetric cryptosystem (PAC). We present an instance of the PAC and show how it can be efficiently implemented. This instance operates on the finite field GF(256). The message block consists of 16 to 32 symbols from GF(256), i.e., the block size n is an integer between 16 and 32. The ciphertext block takes its elements from the same field and has at least ten extra symbols. We show that the encryption and decryption can be efficiently performed with complexities O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) and O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), respectively, where n is the size of the message block. Comparing complexities of the PAC to those in the hidden-field equation (HFE) family, we show that the PAC is faster in public-key generation and decryption. We study the computational security of the PAC. In addition, we show that the attacks developed for the HFE are not applicable on the PAC
Modeling Complex Building Structure (LoD2) Using Image-Based Point Cloud (2018)

A method designed to reconstruct outdoor 3D building models automatically from a point cloud is presented in this paper. The proposed approach starts with building detection using spectral and spatial data from the UAV point cloud to remove non-building features. RANSAC, modified convex hull, and line growing algorithms are used to extract main roof planes and their boundaries. Roof planes are adjusted to each other using geometrical constraints, the height of each plane is estimated and a 3D model for the whole structure is constructed with LoD2. The key contribution of this approach is using a hybrid approach of model-driven with statistical analysis for modeling complex structures from a noisy point cloud. The reconstructed model shows that the workflow is sufficient to describe the whole building structure in the required LoD.
A trusted process to digitally sign a document (2001)

This paper describes a method of increasing the trust in open computing platforms, such that a person can have confidence in producing a digital signature using open platforms.The process of using a digital signature to sign a digital document is well understood. Most descriptions assume the correctness of the process of signing a document within a computing platform. In an increasing connected world, this assumption is no longer true when open computing platforms are used. This paper proposes the signing of a document in a general-purpose computing platform using a trusted process. That trusted process creates a signature over a digital image that represents the document and uses a trusted display controller in the platform plus a smart card owned by the prospective signer. The trusted display controller is part of the video processing path, and can display video data on a monitor without interference or subversion by any software components at the platform. The smart card is able to authenticate the trusted display controller, and demonstrate to the signer the results of that authentication using the trusted display controller.The most unusual aspects of the method are: (1) a thumbnail image is stored in the smart card, and used as a surround or background for an image (on a display) that is to be signed; (2) the smart card signs image data on the authority of the trusted display controller, without direct authorisation from the signer.