gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Sampling of Signals Linked by Sparse Filtering: Theory and Applications (2009)

We study the distributed sampling and centralized reconstruction of two correlated signals, modeled as the input and output of an unknown sparse filtering operation. This is akin to a Slepian-Wolf setup, but in the sampling rather than the lossless compression case. Two different scenarios are considered: In the case of universal reconstruction, we look for a sensing and recovery mechanism that works for all possible signals, whereas in what we call almost sure reconstruction, we allow to have a small set (with measure zero) of unrecoverable signals. We derive achievability bounds on the number of samples needed for both scenarios. Our results show that, only in the almost sure setup can we effectively exploit the signal correlations to achieve effective gains in sampling efficiency. In addition to the above theoretical analysis, we propose an efficient and robust distributed sampling and reconstruction algorithm based on annihilating filters. We evaluate the performance of our method in one synthetic scenario, and two practical applications, including the distributed audio sampling in binaural hearing aids and the efficient estimation of room impulse responses. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm in both synthetic and practical setups.
High-power terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2006)

We report the demonstration of quantum-cascade lasers at ~4.4 THz (lambda ~ 68 mum) that emit 248 mW peak power in pulsed mode, and 138 mW continuous-wave power at heat-sink temperatures of 10 K.
Targeted Inhibition of Calcineurin in Pressure-overload Cardiac Hypertrophy (2002)

Calcineurin is a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase that transduces hypertrophic stimuli to regulate transcriptional control of myocyte transformation. It is not known whether overexpression of MCIP1, a recently described endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin, impacts the hypertrophic response to pathophysiologically relevant pressure overload. Further, the functional consequences of calcineurin inhibition by MCIP1 under conditions of hemodynamic stress are unknown. Transgenic mice expressing a human cDNA encoding hMCIP1 in the myocardium were subjected to thoracic aortic banding. Transgenic mice and wild type littermates tolerated pressure overload equally well. Wild type mice developed left ventricular hypertrophy, but the hypertrophic response in transgenics was significantly blunted. An isoform of MCIP1 transcript was up-regulated by pressure stress, whereas MCIP2 transcript was not. Expression patterns of fetal genes were differentially regulated in banded MCIP1 hearts compared with wild type. Echocardiography performed at 3 weeks and 3 months revealed preservation of both left ventricular size and systolic function in banded MCIP1 mice despite the attenuated hypertrophic response. These data demonstrate attenuation of hypertrophic transformation when calcineurin is inhibited by MCIP1. Further, these data suggest that activation of hypertrophic marker genes may not be directly dependent on calcineurin activity. Finally, they demonstrate that ventricular performance is preserved despite attenuation of compensatory hypertrophy.
Wide-Gap Thin Film Si n-i-p Solar Cells Deposited (2002)

ABSTRACT High-voltage wide bandgap thin-film Si n-i-p solarcells have been made using the hot-wire chemical vapordeposition (HWCVD) technique. The best open-circuitvoltage (V oc ) has exceeded 0.94 V in solar cells usingHWCVD in the entire n-i-p structure. A V oc of 0.97V hasbeen achieved using HWCVD in the n and i layers andplasma-enhanced (PE) CVD for the p layer. The highvoltages are attributed to the wide-gap i layer and animproved p/i interface. The wide-gap i layer is obtained byusing low substrate temperatures and sufficient hydrogendilution during the growth of the i layer to arrive at theamorphous-to-microcrystalline phase transition region.The optical band gap (E 04 ) of the i layer is found to be 1.90eV. These high-voltage cells also exhibit good fill factorsexceeding 0.7 with short-circuit-current densities of 8 to 10mA/cm 2 on bare stainless steel substrates. We have alsocarried out photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studiesand found a correlation between V
Cardioprotective effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone agonist after myocardial infarction (2010)

Whether the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) axis exerts cardioprotective effects remains controversial; and the underlying mechanism(s) for such actions are unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) directly activates cellular reparative mechanisms within the injured heart, in a GH/IGF-1 independent fashion. After experimental myocardial infarction (MI), rats were randomly assigned to receive, during a 4-week period, either placebo (n = 14), rat recombinant GH (n = 8) or JI-38 (n = 8; 50 microg/kg per day), a potent GHRH agonist. JI-38 did not elevate serum levels of GH or IGF-1, but it markedly attenuated the degree of cardiac functional decline and remodeling after injury. In contrast, GH administration markedly elevated body weight, heart weight, and circulating GH and IGF-1, but it did not offset the decline in cardiac structure and function. Whereas both JI-38 and GH augmented levels of cardiac precursor cell proliferation, only JI-38 increased antiapoptotic gene expression. The receptor for GHRH was detectable on myocytes, supporting direct activation of cardiac signal transduction. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that within the heart, GHRH agonists can activate cardiac repair after MI, suggesting the existence of a potential signaling pathway based on GHRH in the heart. The phenotypic profile of the response to a potent GHRH agonist has therapeutic implications.
An Investigation of Power Law Probability Distributions for Network Anomaly Detection (2017)

It has been previously determined that SYN packet inter arrival times are conformant with Benford's law, which predicts the frequency of the leading digits in naturally occurring collections of numbers, and suggested that conformity or non-conformity to Benford's law could be used to detect network anomalies. This paper expands upon that suggestion by making three contributions. First, we verify that conformity to Benford's law of inter arrival times is also true for certain types of both TCP and UDP packets. Second, we discover that packet length could also be another alternative to inter arrival times, with the advantage that it follows both Benford's and Zipf's laws, implying its reliability in detecting network traffic anomaly. Finally, we explore the potential application of power laws in the specific detection of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks using both inter arrival times and packet length. Extensive experiments on the MAWI benchmark dataset and two additional datasets support our claims and demonstrate that whilst Benfordian analysis of inter arrival times can identify DoS attacks, the combination of Benfordian and Zipfian analysis of packet length gives more reliable detection.
Fabrication Of Light-Weighted Si/SiC LIDAR Mirrors (1989)

Small models of light-weighted Si/SiC LIDAR mirrors have been fabricated via a scalable and cost effective chemical vapor deposition process. These mirrors are about 7.5-cm in diameter and consist of a Si cladded SiC faceplate and a light-weighted structure made of SiC. The light-weighted structure consists of an outer hexagonal cell with six (6) triangular inner cells. No bonding agent was used to attach SiC light-weighted structure to the faceplate. Flat and curved silicon carbide faceplates were replicated on graphite and then Si was cladded to this replicated faceplate in a CVD reactor. The mirrors were polished to a figure better than 1/5 of a wave and a finish of better than 5Å RMS. The scaling of the CVD process to yield Si/SiC light-weighted, f/1.6 mirrors, 40-cm in diameter is underway. The CVD route to fabrication of mirrors is fast and has the potential to yield several mirrors in a few weeks time from a single reactor.
Molecular recognition mechanism of peptide chain bound to the tRNA<sup>Lys3</sup>anticodon loop<i>in silico</i> (2014)

The mechanism by which proteins recognize and bind the post-transcriptional modifications of RNAs is unknown, yet these interactions play important functions in biology. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed to examine the folding of the model peptide chain -RVTHHAFLGAHRTVG- and the complex formed by the folded peptide with the native anticodon stem and loop of the human tRNA(Lys3) (hASL(Lys3)) in order to explore the binding mechanism. By analyzing and comparing two folded conformations of this peptide obtained from the folding simulation, we found that the van der Waals (VDW) energy is necessary for the thermal stability of the peptide, and the charge-charge (ELE + EGB) energy is crucial for determining the three-dimensional folded structure of the peptide backbone. Subsequently, two conformations of the peptide were employed to investigate their binding behaviors to hASL(Lys3). The metastable folded peptide was found to bind to hASL(Lys3) much easier than the stable folded peptide in the binding simulations. An energetic analysis reveals that the VDW energy favors the binding, whereas the ELE + EGB energies disfavor the binding. Arginines on the peptide preferentially attract the phosphate backbone via the inter-chain ELE + EGB interaction, significantly contributing to the binding affinity. The hydrophobic phenylalanine interacts with the anticodon loop of hASL(Lys3) via the inter-chain VDW interaction, significantly contributing to the binding specificity.
The benefits of physical edges in gesture-making (2003)

People with motor impairments often cannot use a keyboard or a mouse. Our previous work showed that a handheld device, connected to a PC, could be effective for computer access for some people with motor impairments. But text entry was slow, and the popular unistroke methods like Graffiti proved difficult for some people with motor control problems. We are now investigating how physical edges can provide stability for stylus gestures, and we are designing a unistroke alphabet whose letter-forms are defined along the edges of a small plastic square hole. This paper presents data on the benefits of physical edges in making gestures. It then describes EdgeWrite, a new unistroke alphabet designed to leverage physical edges for greater stability in text entry.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Sulfide Materials (2015)

CONSPECTUS: The field of nanoscience is delivering increasingly intricate yet elegant geometric structures incorporating an ever-expanding palette of materials. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful driver of this field, providing exceptionally conformal coatings spanning the periodic table and atomic-scale precision independent of substrate geometry. This versatility is intrinsic to ALD and results from sequential and self-limiting surface reactions. This characteristic facilitates digital synthesis, in which the film grows linearly with the number of reaction cycles. While the majority of ALD processes identified to date produce metal oxides, novel applications in areas such as energy storage, catalysis, and nanophotonics are motivating interest in sulfide materials. Recent progress in ALD of sulfides has expanded the diversity of accessible materials as well as a more complete understanding of the unique chalcogenide surface chemistry. ALD of sulfide materials typically uses metalorganic precursors and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). As in oxide ALD, the precursor chemistry is critical to controlling both the film growth and properties including roughness, crystallinity, and impurity levels. By modification of the precursor sequence, multicomponent sulfides have been deposited, although challenges remain because of the higher propensity for cation exchange reactions, greater diffusion rates, and unintentional annealing of this more labile class of materials. A deeper understanding of these surface chemical reactions has been achieved through a combination of in situ studies and quantum-chemical calculations. As this understanding matures, so does our ability to deterministically tailor film properties to new applications and more sophisticated devices. This Account highlights the attributes of ALD chemistry that are unique to metal sulfides and surveys recent applications of these materials in photovoltaics, energy storage, and photonics. Within each application space, the benefits and challenges of novel ALD processes are emphasized and common trends are summarized. We conclude with a perspective on potential future directions for metal chalcogenide ALD as well as untapped opportunities. Finally, we consider challenges that must be addressed prior to implementing ALD metal sulfides into future device architectures.
A new tone-mapped image quality assessment approach for high dynamic range imaging system (2017)

Tone-mapping operators are designed to apply high dynamic range (HDR) images on widely-used low dynamic range (LDR) devices. Developing well-performed tone-mapped image quality assessment (IQA) method is highly desired because traditional IQA method cannot be adopted in cross dynamic range quality measuring. To this end, we proposed a quality assessment method based on image exposure property. Specifically, an image exposure property determination model is utilized to segment HDR image into different exposure region. Then, quality features are extracted according to the distortion characteristics of each exposure region. Finally, the quality of tone-mapped image can be acquired by a trained regression model. Validation experiments on public database show that the proposed method can accurately predict the quality of tone-mapped image.
Linearised polarimetric optical fibre sensor using a ‘heterodyne-type’ signal recovery scheme (1984)

A ‘heterodyne-type’ detection scheme for use with single-mode-fibre polarimetric sensors is described which overcomes the problems of ‘fringe’ ambiguity and small-signal fading normally associated with polarimetric sensors. The system is demonstrated using a length of ‘bow-tie’ fibre as a simple strain sensor.
Quantitative evaluation of movement disorders in neurological diseases based on EMG signals (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new method to make a quantitative evaluation for movement disorders. Based on the EMG signals, we analyzed the movement disorders for cerebellar patients at the motor command level. As an experimental task, we asked subjects to perform step-tracking wrist movements with a manipulandum, and simultaneously recorded wrist joint movements and muscle activities of four wrist prime movers with surface electrodes. In order to quantitatively evaluate the correspondence between the movement kinematics and the activities of the four muscles, we approximated the relationship between the wrist joint torque calculated from the kinematics and the four EMG signals using a dynamics model of wrist joint. Our surprising observation was that there was very high correlation between the wrist joint torque and the EMG signals. In fact, we identified causal abnormality of muscle activities for movement disorders of cerebellar patients, confirming effectiveness of our proposed method for analysis of movement disorders at the level of the motor command.
Modeling lethal X-linked genetic disorders in pigs with ensured fertility (2018)

Genetically engineered pigs play an indispensable role in the study of rare monogenic diseases. Pigs harboring a gene responsible for a specific disease can be efficiently generated via somatic cell cloning. The generation of somatic cell-cloned pigs from male cells with mutation(s) in an X chromosomal gene is a reliable and straightforward method for reproducing X-linked genetic diseases (XLGDs) in pigs. However, the severe symptoms of XLGDs are often accompanied by impaired growth and reproductive disorders, which hinder the reproduction of these valuable model animals. Here, we generated unique chimeric boars composed of mutant cells harboring a lethal XLGD and normal cells. The chimeric boars exhibited the cured phenotype with fertility while carrying and transmitting the genotype of the XLGD. This unique reproduction system permits routine production of XLGD model pigs through the male-based breeding, thereby opening an avenue for translational research using disease model pigs.
Preparation of Thin Silica Films with Controlled Thickness and Tunable Refractive Index (2003)

Silica films with controlled thickness and refractive index have been formed by the sequential adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte and silica sols. The conditions used to prepare the sol were varied, and allowed films with refractive indices as low as 1.16 to be obtained. The sequential adsorption technique allows the thickness of these films to be controlled in increments of 5-10 nm, depending on the desired refractive index. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a low packing density of constituent silica particles was responsible for the low indices of these films. The as-adsorbed films are thermally robust; calcination at 500 degrees C resulted in only very small decreases in film thickness (by < or =1.8%) and refractive index (to as low as 1.14). After calcination, the silica films remained hydrophilic and sorbed water vapor from the atmosphere. As a result, the refractive indices of these films increased with increasing relative humidity (RH). The dependence of the refractive index on RH was eliminated by treating the calcined films with trimethylchlorosilane.
A Fuel Cell Based Sensing Platform for Selective Detection of Acetone in Hyperglycemic Patients (2017)

Elevated level of acetone in breath or sweat is an indication of type-I diabetes, which can turn into 'ketoacidosis'- a serious hyperglycemic condition. Continuous monitoring is a challenge among the conventional sensing methods. Though real-time detection of acetone from different biofluids is promising, signal interference from other biomarkers remains an issue. A minor fluctuation of the signals in micro-Ampere range causes substantial overlapping in linear/polynomial calibration fittings. To address the above in non-invasive detection, principal component analysis (PCA) was demonstrated which generated specific pattern for the different concentration points of acetone in the subspace. It improves the overlapping of the signals in between of two or different concentration points of the data sets and eliminate dimensionality and redundancy of data variables. An algorithm following PCA was incorporated into the microcontroller (nRF51822) for the functionality of wearable device in a selective manner in the physiological range (0.5ppm to 4ppm) of acetone.
Axial shielding of Pd(II) complexes enables perfect stereoretention in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of Csp3 boronic acids (2019)

Stereocontrolled Csp<sup>3</sup> cross-coupling can fundamentally change the types of chemical structures that can be mined for molecular functions. Although considerable progress in achieving the targeted chemical reactivity has been made, controlling stereochemistry in Csp<sup>3</sup> cross-coupling remains challenging. Here we report that ligand-based axial shielding of Pd(II) complexes enables Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unactivated Csp<sup>3</sup> boronic acids with perfect stereoretention. This approach leverages key differences in spatial orientation between competing pathways for stereoretentive and stereoinvertive transmetalation of Csp<sup>3</sup> boronic acids to Pd(II). We show that axial shielding enables perfectly stereoretentive cross-coupling with a range of unactivated secondary Csp<sup>3</sup> boronic acids, as well as the stereocontrolled synthesis of xylarinic acid B and all of its Csp<sup>3</sup> stereoisomers. We expect these ligand design principles will broadly enable the continued search for practical and effective methods for stereospecific Csp<sup>3</sup> cross-coupling.
Real-time smoke rendering using compensated ray marching (2008)

We present a real-time algorithm called compensated ray marching for rendering of smoke under dynamic low-frequency environment lighting. Our approach is based on a decomposition of the input smoke animation, represented as a sequence of volumetric density fields, into a set of radial basis functions (RBFs) and a sequence of residual fields. To expedite rendering, the source radiance distribution within the smoke is computed from only the low-frequency RBF approximation of the density fields, since the high-frequency residuals have little impact on global illumination under low-frequency environment lighting. Furthermore, in computing source radiances the contributions from single and multiple scattering are evaluated at only the RBF centers and then approximated at other points in the volume using an RBF-based interpolation. A slice-based integration of these source radiances along each view ray is then performed to render the final image. The high-frequency residual fields, which are a critical component in the local appearance of smoke, are compensated back into the radiance integral during this ray march to generate images of high detail.
Performance Evaluation of Face Recognition using Visual and Thermal Imagery with Advanced Correlation Filters (2006)

This paper presents the face recognition performance evaluation using visual and thermal infrared (IR) face images with correlation filter methods. New correlation filter designs have shown to be distortion invariant and the advantages of using thermal IR images are due to their invariance to visible illumination variations. A combined use of thermal IR image data and correlation filters makes a viable means for improving the performance of face recognition techniques, especially beyond visual spectrum. Subset of Equinox databases are used for the performance evaluation. Among various advanced correlation filters, minimum average correlation energy (MACE) filters and optimum trade-off synthetic discriminant function (OTSDF) filters are used in our experiments. We show that correlation filters perform well when the size of face is of significantly low resolution (e.g. 20x20 pixels). Performing robust face recognition using low resolution images has many applications including performing human identification at a distance (HID). The eyeglass detection and removal in thermal images are processed to increase the performance in thermal face recognition. We show that we can outperform commercial face recognition algorithms such as FaceIt® based on Local Feature Analysis (LFA).
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOTOPATTERNED POLYMER MEMBRANES FOR PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND DIALYSIS IN MICROCHIPS (2004)

Unique capability for processing protein samples in microchips is demonstrated via fabrication of photopatterned nanoporous polymer membranes with engineered pore size. Proteins are electrophoresed into membranes and concentrated by over two orders of magnitude before being injected for analysis. Specific analytes can be extracted from complex samples by flowing sample past a long dialysis membranes and perfusing in counterflow.
Supporting PACS on a GSM MSC (1996)

The personal access communications system (PACS) is one of the ANSI air interface standards developed for the 1.9 GHz PCS band in the United States. PACS been optimized for both indoor wireless access and low-mobility pedestrian outdoor usage. The Global System for Mobile Telecommunications (GSM) system is widely deployed in Europe and Asia and is being considered for many other regions around the world. A natural evolution path for PCS would be one that combined the advantages of PACS with readily available GSM network capabilities. This article addresses solutions to interfacing a PACS radio system to a GSM or GSM-derivative network at the GSM A-interface.