gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and mechanical properties of polyisobutylene‐based thermoplastic polyurethanes (2013)

We investigated thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with the soft segment comprising of both polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(tetramethylene)oxide (PTMO) diols. Thermal analysis reveals that the hard segment in all the TPUs investigated is completely amorphous. Significant mixing between the hard and soft segments was also observed. By adjusting the ratio between the hard and soft segments, the mechanical properties of these TPUs were tuned over a wide range, which are comparable to conventional polyether‐based TPUs. Constant stress creep and cyclic stress hysteresis analysis suggested a strong dependence of permanent deformation on hard segment content. The melt viscosity correlation with shear rate and shear stress follows a typical non‐Newtonian behavior, showing decrease in shear viscosity with increase in shear rate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 891‐897, 2013
Novel photodetector design using open circuit voltage for mid-wave infrared imagers (2019)

Strong motivation for low-cost infrared imaging devices over the past few years have given rise to advances in infrared detector technology, specifically in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region. With increasing demand for small pixel sizes and large format focal plane arrays (FPAs), the extreme complexity in realizing MWIR imagers is expected to increase in difficulty. In this work, a novel approach to provide improved infrared detection at high operating temperatures is proposed by integrating proven MWIR photovoltaic material and mature digital CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) technology in a resultant technology concept of an open circuit voltage photodetector (VocP). With this new approach to photon detection, the photosensitive material generates an open circuit voltage to control the drain current of a transistor. The drain current can then be considered the photocurrent in the proposed pixel design. The VocP design decouples the photocurrent from the pixel area, exploits the invariance of open circuit voltage to pixel dimensions, improves the detectors dark current, and results in higher sensitivity. The proposed approach also couples an infrared sensitive material to CIS technology that is well established and continues to be advanced for visible imagers. In this paper, initial research demonstrations and test results are presented to provide evidence of MWIR detection at high operating temperatures to prove the concept and modeling predictions for the sensitivity and dynamic range of VocP.
Can We Vaccinate Against Atherosclerosis? (2013)

A large body of evidence implicates the immune system in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Both active and passive immunizations have been tested as immunomodulation strategies to confer protective effect against atherogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the complex role and the potential for immune modulation therapy via active immunization for atherosclerosis.
Copper complexes: the effect of ligands on their photoinitiation efficiencies in radical polymerization reactions under visible light (2014)

Twenty-three copper complexes (CuC) containing different ligands were synthesized. Most of them exhibited light absorption in the visible range (adapted to LEDs, laser diodes and halogen lamp exposure). The CuC/iodonium salt (Iod), CuC/Iod/N-vinylcarbazole, CuC/alkyl bromide/methyl diethanolamine photoinitiating systems (PISs) allow good monomer conversion profiles for the free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Some of them are better than bisacylphosphine oxide or camphorquinone based systems used as references. Real-Time Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and steady state photolysis were used as analytical methods. The results revealed that the ligands of the copper complexes played an important role towards the photoinitiation ability of these PISs. The use of CuC as photocatalysts to initiate thiol–ene reaction is also discussed.
Bucket-brigade transversal filters (1974)

The bucket-brigade delay line (BBDL) is a sampled data circuit in which signal samples are stored and manipulated as packets of charge under the control of a digitally generated clock. The clock-controllable time delay function that is realized by the BBDL may be used to implement a number of signal processing functions. The tapped delay line or transversal filter structure is of particular interest, however, since it has wide application in the field of signal processing. The implementation of transversal filters via BBDL's is examined. The impact of nonideal delay line parameters on filter performance is considered and the results of computer simulations are presented. The practicability of monolithic transversal filters is demonstrated and the performance of experimental filters is described.
Bioluminescent Reporter Bacterium for Toxicity Monitoring in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems (1999)

Toxic shock due to certain chemical loads in biological wastewater treatment systems can result in death of microorganisms and loss of floc structure. To overcome the limitations of existing approaches to toxicity monitoring, genes encoding enzymes for light production were inserted to a bacterium (Shk 1) isolated from activated sludge. The Shk 1 bioreporter indicated a toxic response to concentrations of cadmium (0.01 to 10 000 mg/L), 2,4‐dinitrophenol (0.01 to 1 000 mg/L), and hydroquinone (0.01 to 10 000 mg/L) by reductions in initial levels of bioluminescence on exposure to the toxicant. The decrease in bioluminescence was more severe with increasing toxicant concentration. Bioluminescence did not decrease in response to ethanol concentrations up to 10 000 mg/L or to pH conditions between 6.1 and 7.9. A continuous toxicity monitoring system using this bioreporter was developed for influent wastewater and tested with hydroquinone. The reporter exhibited a rapid and proportional decrease in bioluminescence in response to increasing hydroquinone concentrations.
In vivo suppression of the renal Na+/Pi cotransporter by antisense oligonucleotides. (1996)

A 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (AS1) was designed to hybridize to the message for the rat kidney sodium phosphate cotransporter NaPi-2 close to the translation initiation site. Single intravenous doses of this oligonucleotide were given to rats maintained on a low phosphorus diet to increase NaPi-2 expression. At 3 days after oligonucleotide infusion, rats receiving 2.5 micromol of AS1 exhibited a reduction in renal NaPi-2 to cyclophilin mRNA ratio by 40% +/- 17%, and rats receiving 7.5 micromol of AS1 exhibited a reduction in NaPi-2 to cyclophilin mRNA ratio by 46% +/- 21%. Reversed-sequence AS1 was without effect. The higher dose of 7.5 micromol of AS1 also reduced the rate of phosphate uptake into renal brush border membrane vesicles and the expression of NaPi-2 protein detected by Western blotting in these vesicles. Reversed sequence AS1 was again without effect on these parameters. These results suggest that systemically infused oligonucleotides can exert antisense effects in the renal proximal tubule.
Chitosan Fibers: Versatile Platform for Nickel-Mediated Protein Assembly (2008)

Fibers are a versatile platform because standard methods are available for the hierarchical assembly of individual fibers into controllable patterns (e.g., fabrics). Here, we report a method to biofunctionalize individual fibers by the reversible binding of proteins, and we suggest the potential of fiber assemblies by generating simple multifiber structures. Specifically, we use chitosan fibers and show that nickel can mediate assembly of histidine-tagged proteins to these fibers. Initial studies with the model His-GFP demonstrate the concept of nickel-mediated protein assembly. Subsequent studies with a His-tagged streptococcal antibody-binding protein (protein G) demonstrate the assembly of antibodies to generate antibody-presenting fibers. Antibody assembly onto the fiber was shown to be controllable, and antigen-binding to these antibody-presenting fibers was measured. Importantly, antibody and antigen were observed to penetrate substantially into the individual fibers (tens of microns) to allow the assembly of pmole levels of protein per cm of fiber length. Finally, antibody-presenting fibers with different specificities were assembled into simple one- and two-dimensional structures, and individual fibers in these fiber assemblies were observed to capture their respective antigens from antigen mixtures. The potential of fiber assemblies for multiplexed analysis is discussed.
Space-Time Coding (2005)

This book covers the fundamental principles of space-time coding for wireless communications over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, and sets out practical coding methods for achieving the performance improvements predicted by the theory. Starting with background material on wireless communications and the capacity of MIMO channels, the book then reviews design criteria for space-time codes. A detailed treatment of the theory behind space-time block codes then leads on to an in-depth discussion of space-time trellis codes. The book continues with discussion of differential space-time modulation, BLAST and some other space-time processing methods and the final chapter addresses additional topics in space-time coding. The theory and practice sections can be used independently of each other. Written by one of the inventors of space-time block coding, this book is ideal for a graduate student familiar with the basics of digital communications, and for engineers implementing the theory in real systems.
Prolactin receptor gene expression in the fetal rat (1995)

The expression of mRNA encoding the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) in the fetal rat was examined using the method of reverse transcription-PCR. A 742 bp PCR product encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the PRLR was detected in maternal and fetal liver and in fetal adrenal, kidney, small intestine, pancreas, brain, pituitary, thymus, lung and skin but not in fetal heart. Highest levels of the 742 bp PRLR transcript were detected in fetal adrenal (45.2% of levels in maternal liver), kidney (27.2%), small intestine (21.7%), pancreas (18.3%) and liver (10.8%), and tissue levels of the 742 bp product correlated positively (r = 0.92, P < 0.01) with the specific binding of the fetal lactogenic hormone rat placental lactogen II (rPL-II). These findings suggest that the PRLR may serve as a physiological binding protein for rPL-II in the rat fetus. There were striking differences in the relative expression of mRNA encoding the long and short forms of the PRLR. The long form of the receptor was expressed in maternal liver and placenta and in all fetal tissues studied except fetal heart. The short form of the receptor was also detected in maternal liver and placenta and fetal adrenal, kidney, small intestine, liver and thymus; in contrast, there was limited expression of the short-form of the receptor in fetal pancreas, pituitary and brain and no short form transcripts were detected in fetal lung, skin or heart.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AlN Two-Dimensional-Mode Resonators for Ultra-High Frequency Applications (2015)

In this letter, we present the first prototype of aluminum nitride two-dimensional-mode resonators (2DMRs) for operation in the ultra-high-frequency range. The 2DMRs in this letter are made of thick AlN films (5.9μm) and rely on both the d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> and the d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> coefficients of AlN to attain high electromechanical coupling (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), low motional resistance, and a limited lithographic control of the resonance frequency. k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> > 3.4%, a mechanical quality factor larger than 2400, and >10% lithographic variation of the center frequency were demonstrated.
Hop-by-hop trust evaluation algorithm for identity anonymous sensor networks (2015)

Most of the existing trust models that are proposed for wireless sensor networks are based on the assumption that the sensor nodes have unique identities. Evaluating trust in an identity anonymous resource constraint environment is an open research problem. In this work, we propose a first novel hop-by-hop trust evaluation algorithm (H-TEA) that operates in the identity anonymous wireless sensor network environment. Simulation results show that the H-TEA scheme reduces communication overhead and energy consumption of sensor nodes at the cost of increased delay in the network. That makes it suitable to use for non-time-critical applications.
Extraction of orthogonal incident state of polarization spectra using mueller matrix approach (2004)

Novel algorithms based upon Mueller matrix terms m are presented herein. These allow the recovery of the spectra of incident TE and TM orthogonal states of polarization, which yield polarization-dependent frequency shifts and other parameters of interest. This solution involves little computational efforts and has significantly improved the testing capacity and capabilities of the Test and Measurement group of MetroPhotonics Inc.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Adenosine-N1-Oxide and 1-(Benzyloxy) Adenosines (1989)

Abstract The antiviral activity of adenosine-N1-oxide (1) and a variety of substituted 1-(benzyloxy) adenosines (2) has been re-investigated and significant in vitro activity vs. Vaccinia virus has been shown. In vivo activity in mice has also been demonstrated.
Controllable Drogue for Automated Aerial Refueling (2010)

This paper presents a new method for controlling and stabilizing an automated refueling drogue. The drogue automatically stabilizes in the presence of winds or receiver forebody effects using drogue canopy manipulation. This paper reports on a characterization and simulation study in which the stability derivatives of a low-speed drogue were calculated based on wind-tunnel data. A simulation was developed using a pendulum-based hose model combined with the aerodynamic drogue model. An active feedback control system is shown to stabilize and control the drogue to hold a commanded steady-state offset.
Silicon emitter for field desorption mass spectrometry (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon emitter for field desorption mass spectrometryT. Matsuo, H. Matsuda, and I. KatakuseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 1, 69–72Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50037a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50037a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning Optimized Features for Hierarchical Models of Invariant Object Recognition (2003)

There is an ongoing debate over the capabilities of hierarchical neural feedforward architectures for performing real-world invariant object recognition. Although a variety of hierarchical models exists, appropriate supervised and unsupervised learning methods are still an issue of intense research. We propose a feedforward model for recognition that shares components like weight sharing, pooling stages, and competitive nonlinearities with earlier approaches but focuses on new methods for learning optimal feature-detecting cells in intermediate stages of the hierarchical network. We show that principles of sparse coding, which were previously mostly applied to the initial feature detection stages, can also be employed to obtain optimized intermediate complex features. We suggest a new approach to optimize the learning of sparse features under the constraints of a weight-sharing or convolutional architecture that uses pooling operations to achieve gradual invariance in the feature hierarchy. The approach explicitly enforces symmetry constraints like translation invariance on the feature set. This leads to a dimension reduction in the search space of optimal features and allows determining more efficiently the basis representatives, which achieve a sparse decomposition of the input. We analyze the quality of the learned feature representation by investigating the recognition performance of the resulting hierarchical network on object and face databases. We show that a hierarchy with features learned on a single object data set can also be applied to face recognition without parameter changes and is competitive with other recent machine learning recognition approaches. To investigate the effect of the interplay between sparse coding and processing nonlinearities, we also consider alternative feedforward pooling nonlinearities such as presynaptic maximum selection and sum-of-squares integration. The comparison shows that a combination of strong competitive nonlinearities with sparse coding offers the best recognition performance in the difficult scenario of segmentation-free recognition in cluttered surround. We demonstrate that for both learning and recognition, a precise segmentation of the objects is not necessary.
A three-dimensional culture system for generating cardiac spheroids composed of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth-muscle cells, and cardiac fibroblasts derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells (2022)

Cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells (ECs), smooth-muscle cells (SMCs), and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiated from human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are the fundamental components of cell-based regenerative myocardial therapy and can be used as <i>in-vitro</i> models for mechanistic studies and drug testing. However, newly differentiated hiPSC-CMs tend to more closely resemble fetal CMs than the mature CMs of adult hearts, and current techniques for improving CM maturation can be both complex and labor-intensive. Thus, the production of CMs for commercial and industrial applications will require more elementary methods for promoting CM maturity. CMs tend to develop a more mature phenotype when cultured as spheroids in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, rather than as two-dimensional monolayers, and the activity of ECs, SMCs, and CFs promote both CM maturation and electrical activity. Here, we introduce a simple and reproducible 3D-culture-based process for generating spheroids containing all four cardiac-cell types (i.e., cardiac spheroids) that is compatible with a wide range of applications and research equipment. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the inclusion of vascular cells and CFs was associated with an increase in spheroid size, a decline in apoptosis, an improvement in sarcomere maturation and a change in CM bioenergetics.
Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Bimetallic Lithium Borohydrides as Hydrogen Storage Media (2011)

Borohydrides, such as LiBH4, have been studied as candidates for hydrogen storage for their high hydrogen contents. However, the high dehydriding temperature and irreversibility prevent them from practical application. Attempting to overcome the hardening, several bimetallic borohydrides were synthesized using wet chemistry, high pressure reactive ball milling, and sintering processes. The investigation found that the thermodynamic stability indicated by dehydriding temperature was reduced considerably and the dehydrided bimetallic borohydrides reabsorbed some of hydrogen released, but the full rehydrogenation is still a challenge. Due to the hydrogen inert intermediates formed during dehydrogenation, the long-term reversibility of bimetallic borohydrides is uncertain.
Development of a Machine Vision Fire Detection System (1994)

This project resulted in the development, test, and delivery of a patented Machine Vision Fire Detector System (MVFDS) that provides for the first time a unique and reliable method of detecting fire events and determining their size, growth, distance, location, and overall threat in real-time. The system also provides simultaneous video coverage of the area being monitored by the MVFDS for fires. This 'man-in-the-loop' capability provides an option for manual override of automatic suppressant dump, or manual release of suppressant agent. The MVFDS is designed to be immune to false alarms based upon its decision process which involves identification, comparison, and deduction (emulates a human's process of deduction/decision) of unique properties of fire. These unique properties have been included into a fire model from which algorithms have been developed. The MVFDS uses a commercially available color CCD camera, frame grabber, microprocessor, video chip, and electronics. In aircraft hangar and facility applications, the detector is designed to identify a 2-foot x 2- foot fire at a distance of 100 feet in less than 0.5 seconds with no false alarms and, in other applications, detect fires in less than 30 milliseconds.
MEMS inertial sensors with integral rotation means. (2003)

The state-of-the-art of inertial micro-sensors (gyroscopes and accelerometers) has advanced to the point where they are displacing the more traditional sensors in many size, power, and/or cost-sensitive applications. A factor limiting the range of application of inertial micro-sensors has been their relatively poor bias stability. The incorporation of an integral sensitive axis rotation capability would enable bias mitigation through proven techniques such as indexing, and foster the use of inertial micro-sensors in more accuracy-sensitive applications. Fabricating the integral rotation mechanism in MEMS technology would minimize the penalties associated with incorporation of this capability, and preserve the inherent advantages of inertial micro-sensors.
Optimizing ATM cash flow network management (2016)

Automated Teller Machine (ATM) service providers are increasingly challenged with improving the quality of customer service while reducing the cost of cash flow management. Effectively balancing the need to have enough cash in the ATMs to avoid out-of-cash incidents as well as to reduce the cash interest cost and the cash refill cost challenges the most experienced cash flow management teams. In this paper we propose an optimization framework for managing the ATM cash flow network. The interactions among various constraints and cost factors are included in the framework to allow decision-making regarding the optimal cash refill amount and schedule. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach using sample data from a large commercial bank.