gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping basigin (BSG), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, to 19p13.3 (1993)

Basigin is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. We mapped the basigin gene at 19p13.3, using a 1.6-kb cDNA fragment of the gene as a probe and sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization and G-banding on human metaphase chromosomes.
Freeform illumination optics construction following an optimal transport map (2016)

We present a modified optimal transport (OT) ray-mapping approach for designing freeform illumination optics. After mapping the source intensity into a virtual irradiance distribution under stereographic projection, we employ an advanced OT map computation method with the ability to tackle nonstandard boundary conditions. Following the computed map, we construct the freeform optical surface directly from normal vectors by requiring that the chord between two adjacent points is perpendicular to the average of the two normal vectors at these two points and enforcing this relationship with a least squares method. Examples of designing freeform lenses for LED sources show that we can produce various uniform illumination patterns with high optical efficiencies.
Impact of long‐term elosulfase alfa treatment on respiratory function in patients with Morquio A syndrome (2016)

Long-term ERT is associated with sustained improvements in respiratory function in Morquio A. In younger patients (≤14 years), some improvement may be ascribed to growth. In older patients, other mechanisms, e.g., decreased glycosaminoglycan storage, are likely involved.
Preeclampsia Effect on Platelet Count (1992)

Thrombocytopenia is well recognized when preeclampsia is complicated by the hemolysis, elevated liver tests, low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. We studied the effect of preeclampsia on the platelets of women whose platelet count and liver function were within normal range. We prospectively evaluated 67 preeclamptic women, gestational age 30 to 42 weeks, with disease of variable severity. The platelet counts of these patients, obtained within 24 hours preceding delivery, were significantly lower than the platelet counts of 71 control subjects. The platelet counts did not differ significantly between patients with mild and severe preeclampsia. Our findings suggest the existence of subclinical thrombocytopenia in preeclamptic women whose platelet values are within normal range.
Thin-film magnetic head using impedance change at high frequency (1995)

This article reports on the reproducing characteristics of a new type of thin-film magnetic head, which is based on impedance change due to field dependent permeability at a frequency of several MHz. The head is flux responsive, and a field from a medium is perceived as an amplitude modulation of an AC carrier voltage and reproduced by detection. In order to obtain a large change, the head element is composed of magnetic core/sensing lead/magnetic core sandwich structure, and a NiFe/SiO/sub 2/ multilayer film is adopted for the cores. The lead is also used for a DC bias. A single pole type head and a ring type head, both with this simple core/lead/core structure, were examined for two fundamental operations, and were confirmed to exhibit a differential waveform and an integral waveform, respectively.
Si ∕ Si Ge  n-type resonant tunneling diodes fabricated using <i>in situ</i> hydrogen cleaning (2007)

In situ hydrogen cleaning to reduce the surface segregation of n-type dopants in SiGe epitaxy has been used to fabricate Si∕SiGe resonant tunneling diodes in a joint gas source chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxial system. Diodes fabricated without the in situ clean demonstrate linear current-voltage characteristics, while a 15min hydrogen clean produces negative differential resistance with peak-to-valley current ratios up to 2.2 and peak current densities of 5.0A∕cm2 at 30K. Analysis of the valley current and the band structure of the devices suggest methods for increasing the operating temperature of Si∕SiGe resonant tunneling diodes as required for applications.
Evidence of cryptic introgression in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) based on wild tomato species alleles (2012)

Of the 47 genetic markers surveyed in this study, four were involved in linkage drag on chromosome 9 during introgression breeding, while alleles at five markers apparently originated from natural hybridization with S. pimpinellifolium and were associated with primitive genotypes of S. lycopersicum. The positive identification of introgressed genes within crop species such as S. lycopersicum will help inform conservation and utilization of crop germplasm diversity, for example, facilitating the purging of undesirable linkage drag or the exploitation of novel, favorable alleles.
Gradient-enhanced HMQC and HSQC spectroscopy. Applications to 15N-labeled Mnt repressor (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGradient-enhanced HMQC and HSQC spectroscopy. Applications to 15N-labeled Mnt repressorGeerten W. Vuister, Rolf Boelens, Robert Kaptein, Ralph E. Hurd, Boban John, and Peter C. M. Van ZijlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 25, 9688–9690Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00025a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views452Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Practical considerations for Kalman filter training of recurrent neural networks (2002)

General recurrent neural networks for application studies have not been widely used, possibly due to the relative ineffectiveness of existing gradient-based training algorithms. An overview of a decoupled extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm for training of recurrent neural network architectures is presented, with special emphasis on application to control problems. Qualitative differences between the DEKF algorithm, which only performs updates to a recurrent network's weight parameters, and a recent EKF formulation of R.J. Williams (1992) that performs parallel estimation of both the network's weights and recurrent node outputs are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Broadening the cofactor specificity of a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase using rational protein design introduces novel kinetic transient behavior (2010)

Cofactor specificity in the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily has been well studied, and several groups have reported the rational alteration of cofactor specificity in these enzymes. Although most efforts have focused on mesostable AKRs, several putative AKRs have recently been identified from hyperthermophiles. The few that have been characterized exhibit a strong preference for NAD(H) as a cofactor, in contrast to the NADP(H) preference of the mesophilic AKRs. Using the design rules elucidated from mesostable AKRs, we introduced two site-directed mutations in the cofactor binding pocket to investigate cofactor specificity in a thermostable AKR, AdhD, which is an alcohol dehydrogenase from Pyrococcus furiosus. The resulting double mutant exhibited significantly improved activity and broadened cofactor specificity as compared to the wild-type. Results of previous pre-steady-state kinetic experiments suggest that the high affinity of the mesostable AKRs for NADP(H) stems from a conformational change upon cofactor binding which is mediated by interactions between a canonical arginine and the 2'-phosphate of the cofactor. Pre-steady-state kinetics with AdhD and the new mutants show a rich conformational behavior that is independent of the canonical arginine or the 2'-phosphate. Additionally, experiments with the highly active double mutant using NADPH as a cofactor demonstrate an unprecedented transient behavior where the binding mechanism appears to be dependent on cofactor concentration. These results suggest that the structural features involved in cofactor specificity in the AKRs are conserved within the superfamily, but the dynamic interactions of the enzyme with cofactors are unexpectedly complex.
High-temperature characteristics of high-quality SiC MIS capacitors with O/N/O gate dielectric (2000)

This paper reports the high temperature (up to 450/spl deg/C) characteristics of 6H-SiC MIS capacitors made with SiO/sub 2//SiN/SiO/sub 2/ (ONO) stack gate dielectric deposited by the jet vapor deposition (JVD) process. This ONO stack gate dielectric provides: (1) high immunity to instability caused by mobile ions, (2) orders of magnitude lower gate leakage current than its thermal oxide counterpart, (3) the highest dielectric breakdown strength ever reported for SiC MIS structures at elevated temperatures (i.e., greater than 12 MV/cm at 450/spl deg/C), (4) relatively symmetric p-and n-type C-V and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, due to low densities of dielectric charge as well as interface traps in both types of samples, and (5) over ten years of projected lifetime for both types operating at an electric field of 3 MV/cm at 350/spl deg/C. The key factors contributing to such success are briefly discussed.
Calicoferols A and B, Two Novel Secosterols Possessing Brine-Shrimp Lethality from the Gorgonian <i>Calicogorgia</i> sp. (1991)

Abstract The structures of calicoferols A and B, two new secosterols possessing brine-shrimp lethality isolated from the gorgonian Calicogorgia sp. have been determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Introduction: Education Reform Past, Present, and Future (2013)

This is an introduction to the special issue of The Councilor on the topic of education reform. Author biography: Jeffrey Manuel is an assistant professor in the Department of Historical Studies at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. His research and public scholarship examine the social, cultural, and political consequences of deindustrialization and envirotechnical history. His research has appeared in several journals. He is currently working on a manuscript that describes efforts to fight industrial decline in the Lake Superior iron mining region. He is also active in public history, including exhibit design and oral history.
Marketing Using Web 2.0 (2008)

The increasing popularity of Web 2.0 tools, such as blogs, wikis, and virtual worlds, is fundamentally changing how consumers use the Web. The basic core of Web 2.0, that users can generate and share their own content, often regarding company brands and products, provides both potential value and challenges to marketing practitioners. Along with conducting secondary research, we interviewed 30 marketing executives and senior managers at companies at the forefront of using this technology. We found that there were four principles which guided managers' marketing actions: 1) facilitate users in generating content, 2) focus on building a community, 3) ensure authenticity of the message, and 4) look for marketing opportunities through experimentation.
Sleep Architecture and Respiratory Disturbances in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2000)

Little is known regarding sleep architecture in children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We hypothesized that sleep architecture was normal, and that apnea increased over the course of the night, in children with OSAS. We analyzed polysomnographic studies from 20 children with OSAS and 10 control subjects. Sleep architecture was similar between the groups. Of obstructive apneas 55% occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The apnea index, apnea duration, and degree of desaturation were greater during REM than non-REM sleep. OSAS data from the first and third periods of the night (periods A and C) were compared. Both the overall and the REM apnea index increased between periods A and C (11 to 25/h, p < 0.02; and 24 to 51/h, p < 0.01, respectively). There was no difference in Sa(O(2)) over time. Spontaneous arousals, but not respiratory-related arousals, were more frequent during non-REM than REM sleep; these did not change from periods A to C. We conclude that children with OSAS have normal sleep stage distribution. OSAS is predominantly a REM phenomenon in children. Obstructive apnea worsens over the course of the night, independent of the changing amounts of REM sleep. We speculate that this increase in apnea severity may be secondary to upper airway muscle fatigue, changes in upper airway neuromotor control, or changes in REM density.
Thymosin β <sub>4</sub> is released from human blood platelets and attached by factor XIIIa (transglutaminase) to fibrin and collagen (2002)

The beta-thymosins constitute a family of highly conserved and extremely water-soluble 5 kDa polypeptides. Thymosin beta4 is the most abundant member; it is expressed in most cell types and is regarded as the main intracellular G-actin sequestering peptide. There is increasing evidence for extracellular functions of thymosin beta4. For example, thymosin beta4 increases the rate of attachment and spreading of endothelial cells on matrix components and stimulates the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Here we show that thymosin beta4 can be cross-linked to proteins such as fibrin and collagen by tissue transglutaminase. Thymosin beta4 is not cross-linked to many other proteins and its cross-linking to fibrin is competed by another family member, thymosin beta10. After activation of human platelets with thrombin, thymosin beta4 is released and cross-linked to fibrin in a time- and calcium-dependent manner. We suggest that thymosin beta4 cross-linking is mediated by factor XIIIa, a transglutaminase that is coreleased from stimulated platelets. This provides a mechanism to increase the local concentration of thymosin beta4 near sites of clots and tissue damage, where it may contribute to wound healing, angiogenesis and inflammatory responses.
Who, When, Where: Obfuscation Preferences in Location-Sharing Applications (2011)

Abstract : This paper presents a study of obfuscation practices in location-sharing systems. The study shows that users have relatively complex preferences that depend on the recipient of the location the time of the request and location. The preferences also require multiple levels of obfuscation (ranging from disclosing no location information to disclosing the exact location) to accurately capture. For example, we find that users tend to reveal finer-grained locations to recipients with closer ties, such as family members, but coarser-grained locations to colleagues and strangers. We also find that users utilize the full range of obfuscation options, from high-level region to exact address, which further demonstrates the complexity of their preferences and highlights the importance of obfuscation as a privacy control. Additionally, we find that day of week and type of location affect users' decisions on how much detail to share.
Polypropylene Surface Modification by Entrapment Functionalization (1998)

A new approach to prepare surface-functionalized polypropylene using block cooligomers of propylene and acrylate esters is described. Using boron-promoted radical polymerization and a vinyl-terminated polypropylene oligomer, block cooligomers of propylene and tert-butyl acrylate were prepared. Codissolution of such cooligomers with excess isotactic polypropylene and film casting produced functionalized films. Acidolysis of the tert-butyl esters at the surface of these films produced a poly(acrylic acid)-grafted polypropylene film that could be further modified chemically. Incorporation of pH-sensitive dyes into this poly(acrylic acid) surface in turn produced films whose reactivity in proton-transfer chemistry in various solvent suspensions was studied as a function of solvent.
Comparison of the treament to adhesion ileus between laparoscopic surgery and traditional surgery (2013)

Objective To compare the treament to adhesion ileus between laparoscopic surgery and traditional surgery.Methods 59 cases of patients with adhesion ileus were selected.32 patients were given laparoscopic adhesion ileus loose solution method.And the other 32 patients were given traditional surgery.Results The operation time(t =12.135,P =0.002),peristalsis recovery time (t =9.053,P =0.001),postoperative infection rate (x2 =8.346,P =0.004),obstruction again (x2 =4.863,P =0.026) and hospital stays (t =4.724,P =0.028) in laparoscopic surgery group was significantly better.The differences between both groups were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with the traditional open surgery,laparoscopic adhesion ileus loose solution with surgical trauma is small.Operation time and the postoperative recovery time is short,It can be used as the main treatment of adhesion ileus.

Key words: 
Intestinal obstruction;  Laparoscopy ;  Digestive system surgical procedures
Demonstration of plug-and-play function by automatically controlling tunable DWDM-SFP transceiver for coexistence-type colorless WDM-PONs (2008)

The plug-and-play function for coexistence-type colorless WDM-PONs, which remotely and automatically assigns dedicated wavelengths, is demonstrated using tunable DWDM-SFP transceivers. Prototypes of the tunable ONU controller are developed and its dynamic performance is evaluated.
Reducing the Channel Scanning Latency for Intermittently Connected IEEE 802.11 Networks in Vehicular Environments (2008)

In an intermittently connected environment, access points are sparsely distributed throughout an area. As mobile users travel along the roadway, they can opportunistically connect, albeit temporarily, to roadside 802.11 (Wi-Fi) APs for Internet access. Networking characteristics of vehicular opportunistic Internet access in an intermittently connected environment face numerous challenges, such as short periods of connectivity and unpredictable connection times. To meet these challenges, we propose an access point report (APR) protocol where mobile stations opportunistically collaborate by broadcasting an APR to other mobile stations to fully utilize the short-lived connection periods. APR can optimize the use of short connection periods by minimizing the scanning delay and also act as a hint that enables mobile users to predict when connection can be established.
LaVAN: Localized and Visible Adversarial Noise (2018)

Most works on adversarial examples for deep-learning based image classifiers use noise that, while small, covers the entire image. We explore the case where the noise is allowed to be visible but confined to a small, localized patch of the image, without covering any of the main object(s) in the image. We show that it is possible to generate localized adversarial noises that cover only 2% of the pixels in the image, none of them over the main object, and that are transferable across images and locations, and successfully fool a state-of-the-art Inception v3 model with very high success rates.
Complex Inductance, Excess Noise, and Surface Magnetism in dc SQUIDs (2009)

We have characterized the complex inductance of dc SQUIDs cooled to millikelvin temperatures. The SQUID inductance displays a rich, history-dependent structure as a function of temperature, with fluctuations of order 1 fH. At a fixed temperature, the SQUID inductance fluctuates with a 1/f power spectrum; the inductance noise is highly correlated with the conventional 1/f flux noise. The data are interpreted in terms of the reconfiguration of clusters of surface spins, with correlated fluctuations of effective magnetic moments and relaxation times.
Amyloidogenesis of Tau protein (2017)

The role of microtubule-associated protein Tau in neurodegeneration has been extensively investigated since the discovery of Tau amyloid aggregates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The process of formation of amyloid fibrils is known as amyloidogenesis and attracts much attention as a potential target in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative conditions linked to protein aggregation. Cerebral deposition of amyloid aggregates of Tau is observed not only in AD but also in numerous other tauopathies and prion diseases. Amyloidogenesis of intrinsically unstructured monomers of Tau can be triggered by mutations in the Tau gene, post-translational modifications, or interactions with polyanionic molecules and aggregation-prone proteins/peptides. The self-assembly of amyloid fibrils of Tau shares a number of characteristic features with amyloidogenesis of other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the nucleation phase, which is the rate-limiting stage of Tau amyloidogenesis, is shortened in the presence of fragmented preformed Tau fibrils acting as aggregation templates ("seeds"). Accordingly, Tau aggregates released by tauopathy-affected neurons can spread the neurodegenerative process in the brain through a prion-like mechanism, originally described for the pathogenic form of prion protein. Moreover, Tau has been shown to form amyloid strains-structurally diverse self-propagating aggregates of potentially various pathological effects, resembling in this respect prion strains. Here, we review the current literature on Tau aggregation and discuss mechanisms of propagation of Tau amyloid in the light of the prion-like paradigm.
Target-Guided Open-Domain Conversation (2019)

Many real-world open-domain conversation applications have specific goals to achieve during open-ended chats, such as recommendation, psychotherapy, education, etc. We study the problem of imposing conversational goals on open-domain chat agents. In particular, we want a conversational system to chat naturally with human and proactively guide the conversation to a designated target subject. The problem is challenging as no public data is available for learning such a target-guided strategy. We propose a structured approach that introduces coarse-grained keywords to control the intended content of system responses. We then attain smooth conversation transition through turn-level supervised learning, and drive the conversation towards the target with discourse-level constraints. We further derive a keyword-augmented conversation dataset for the study. Quantitative and human evaluations show our system can produce meaningful and effective conversations, significantly improving over other approaches.