gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles - A 10GHz SiGe OC192 frequency synthesizer using a passive feed-forward loop filter and a half rate oscillator (2004)

Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles<br><br>"A 10GHz SiGe OC192 frequency synthesizer using a passive feed-forward loop filter and a half rate oscillator"<br>by Maxim, A.<br>in the Proceeding of the 30th European Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2004. ESSCIRC 2004.<br>21-23 Sept. 2004 Page(s):363 - 366<br><br>After careful and considered review, it has been determined that the above paper is in violation of IEEE's Publication Principles.<br><br>Specifically, the paper contains information that Adrian Maxim admits had been falsified. In response to an inquiry on this misconduct, Mr. Maxim acknowledged that the following people who have been listed as co-authors on several of his papers are fabricated names and that he is the only author:<br><br>C. Turinici, D. Smith, S. Dupue, M. Gheorge, R. Johns, D. Antrik<br><br>Additionally, in papers by Mr. Maxim that have co-authors other than those listed above, it was discovered in some cases that he had not consulted with them while writing the papers, and submitted papers without their knowledge.<br><br>Although Mr. Maxim maintains that not all of the data is falsified, IEEE nevertheless cannot assure the integrity of papers posted by him because of his repeated false statements.<br><br>Due to the nature of this violation, reasonable effort should be made to remove all past references to the above paper, and to refrain from any future references.<br><br> <br/> A 10 GHz OC192 PLL frequency synthesizer was realized in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS process with 60 GHz transition frequency. Its phase noise was significantly reduced by using a half rate oscillator followed by a frequency doubler that alleviates the low quality factor of junction varactors at 10 GHz. A fully integrated loop filter was implemented using a passive feed-forward configuration, in conjunction with a Miller capacitance multiplier. A process and divider modulus independent PLL architecture keeps constant the phase margin, settling time and loop sampling ratio over design corners. The IC specifications include: 9.953/10.3125 GHz serial data rates, 155/622 MHz reference frequency, 5 mUI/sub rms/ serial clock random jitter, <8ps/sub p-p/ serial data deterministic jitter, 120 dBc oscillator phase noise at 100 kHz offset, 3-3.6 supply voltage, 1 W power dissipation and 2×2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A NOVEL 3-FLUID LIQUID-TO-AIR MEMBRANE ENERGY EXCHANGER (2016)

Liquid-to-air membrane energy exchangers (LAMEEs) allow simultaneous heat and moisture transfer between air and desiccant solution streams that are separated by semi-permeable membranes. Moisture transfer between the air and desiccant solution is accompanied by the release/absorption of phase change energy which increases/decreases the temperature of the desiccant solution as it flows through the exchanger. The resulting change in the desiccant solution temperature decreases the driving potential for heat and moisture transfer (i.e. the differences between the air and desiccant solution temperatures and vapor pressures), which decreases the rates of heat and moisture transfer between the air and desiccant solution inside the exchanger. To overcome this problem, a novel 3-fluid LAMEE prototype is designed, built and tested. The 3-fluid LAMEE is composed of several adjacent parallel air and solution channels separated by semi-permeable membranes with refrigerant tubes within each solution channel. The aim of these refrigerant tubes is to reduce the change in the desiccant solution temperature inside the exchanger to guarantee high differences between the air and desiccant solution temperatures and vapor pressures along the entire length of the exchanger.\nThis thesis has three main objectives. The first objective is to determine the practical nominal air and solution channel widths for flat-plate LAMEEs, and the effects of flow maldistribution caused by membrane deflections on the performance of flat-plate LAMEEs. The results in this thesis show that the practical air and solution channel widths for flat-plate LAMEEs are 5-6 mm and 1-2 mm, respectively. The second objective is to test and compare the rates of heat and moisture transfer between the air and desiccant solution in 3-fluid and 2-fluid LAMEEs under several operating conditions. Results show that the 3-fluid LAMEE can achieve the same heat and moisture transfer rates between the air and desiccant solution as a 2-fluid LAMEE at lower desiccant solution mass flow rates and with smaller membrane surface areas. Therefore the size of LAMEEs can be significantly decreased if refrigerant tubes are installed inside the solution channels. The third objective is to present performance definitions for evaluating the overall performance of 3-fluid LAMEEs. Unlike the traditional energy exchanger effectiveness equations, results show that the overall performance definitions can be used to evaluate the overall sensible and latent effectivenesses of 3-fluid LAMEEs and are less sensitive to the inlet refrigerant temperature.
A 20 ns 4 Mb CMOS SRAM with hierarchical word decoding architecture (1990)

A 20-ns, 4-Mb CMOS SRAM with both 4 M*1 and 1M*4 organizations and fabricated using a quadruple-polysilicon, double-metal, twin-well 0.6- mu m CMOS process technology is described. A word-decoding architecture and a sensitive sense amplifier, combined with an address transition detector (ATD) technique, realize high-speed, low-power operation. Because conventional divided-word-line (DWL) structure cannot realize the high-speed and low-power word decoding in megabit SRAMs, hierarchical word decoding (HWD) is utilized. The RAM has a fast address mode using the 16-b parallel data bus scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Sennoside-Hydrolyzing .BETA.-Glucosidase from Bifidobacterium Sp. Strain SEN Is Inducible. (1996)

Bifidobacterium sp. strain SEN was isolated and characterized by hydrolytic conversion of sennosides to sennidins (Akao et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 1041 (1994)). The sennoside-hydrolyzing capacity of the strain SEN was disappeared following the addition of glucose to the media in spite of good bacterial growth and potent activity hydrolyzing p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG). In a fructose-containing medium, no such suppressing effect was shown. Following a 10 h incubation in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), the sennoside-hydrolyzing activity of the bacterium increased, dose-dependently, with the addition of sennoside B. Inhibition of the substrate-induced increase in sennoside-hydrolyzing activity was observed following the addition of some antibiotics (chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and rifampicin). In particular, chloramphenicol completely inhibited the increase of sennoside-hydrolyzing activity while 38% pNPG-hydrolyzing activity remained. It is suggested that the strain SEN produces two different beta-glucosidases of which the sennoside-hydrolyzing enzyme is inducible. In addition, the glucosides pNPG, esculin, salicin, or amygdalin stimulated the induction of the sennoside beta-glucosidase, but less markedly than sennoside. Sennidin A or sugars (glucose, fructose, cellobiose, or maltose) did not induce the enzyme.
The Virus of Hepatitis, Type B (1976)

The discovery of hepatitis B antigen1 2 3 4 has led to studies of the physical and chemical nature of the antigen and to the discovery of different structural forms of the antigen, some of which have properties of an incomplete virus and at least one having properties consistent with those of a complete virus. Here, we review some of the more recently acquired knowledge of the morphologic, antigenic and macromolecular structure of the hepatitis B antigen forms and compare hepatitis B virus (HBV) with better studied viruses. Some of the clinical and biologic implications of the recent findings . . .
Comparison of OOK- and PAM-4 Modulation for 10 Gbit/s Transmission over up to 300 m Polymer Optical Fiber (2008)

10 Gbit/s Transmission over up to 300 m of multimode 62.5 μm core-diameter perfluorinated graded-index polymer optical fiber is compared using on-off-keying (OOK) or 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and feed-forward or decision-feedback equalization.
Experiments in Constructing a Corpus of Discourse Trees (1999)

We discuss a tagging schema and a tagging tool for labeling the rhetorical structure of texts. We also propose a statistical method for measuring agreement of hierarchical structure annotations and we discuss its strengths and weaknesses. The statistical measure we use suggests that annotators can achieve good levels of agreement on the task of determining the high-level, rhetorical structure of texts. Our empirical experiments also suggest that building discourse parsers that incrementally derive correct rhetorical structures of unrestricted texts without applying any form of backtracking is unfeasible. 1 Introduction Empirical studies of discourse structure have primarily focused on identifying discourse segment boundaries and their linguistic correlates. Very little attention has been paid so far to the highlevel, rhetorical relations that hold between discourse segments. In some cases, the role of these relations was considered to fall outside the scope of a study (Flammia and Zu...
Quantitative modeling of stochastic systems in molecular biology by using stochastic Petri nets (1998)

An integrated understanding of molecular and developmental biology must consider the large number of molecular species involved and the low concentrations of many species in vivo. Quantitative stochastic models of molecular interaction networks can be expressed as stochastic Petri nets (SPNs), a mathematical formalism developed in computer science. Existing software can be used to define molecular interaction networks as SPNs and solve such models for the probability distributions of molecular species. This approach allows biologists to focus on the content of models and their interpretation, rather than their implementation. The standardized format of SPNs also facilitates the replication, extension, and transfer of models between researchers. A simple chemical system is presented to demonstrate the link between stochastic models of molecular interactions and SPNs. The approach is illustrated with examples of models of genetic and biochemical phenomena where the ULTRASAN package is used to present results from numerical analysis and the outcome of simulations.
Principles of obstacle avoidance with a transfemoral prosthetic limb (2011)

In this study, conditions that enable a prosthetic knee flexion strategy in transfemoral amputee subjects during obstacle avoidance were investigated. This study explored the hip torque principle and the static ground principle as object avoidance strategies. A prosthetic limb simulator device was used to study the influence of applied hip torques and static ground friction on the prosthetic foot trajectory. Inverse dynamics were used to calculate the energy produced by the hip joint. A two-dimensional forward dynamics model was used to investigate the relation between obstacle-foot distance and the necessary hip torques utilized during obstacle avoidance. The study showed that a prosthetic knee flexion strategy was facilitated by the use of ground friction and by larger active hip torques. This strategy required more energy produced by the hip compared to a knee extension strategy. We conclude that when an amputee maintains enough distance between the distal tip of the foot and the obstacle during stance, he or she produces sufficiently high, yet feasible, hip torques and uses static ground friction, the amputee satisfies the conditions for enable stepping over an obstacle using a knee flexion strategy.
The FXG: A Presynaptic Fragile X Granule Expressed in a Subset of Developing Brain Circuits (2009)

The loss of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes Fragile X syndrome, the most common inherited mental retardation and single gene cause of autism. Although postsynaptic functions for FMRP are well established, potential roles at the presynaptic apparatus remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterize the expression of FMRP and its homologs, FXR1P and FXR2P, in the developing, mature and regenerating rodent nervous system, with a focus on presynaptic expression. As expected, FMRP is expressed in the somatodendritic domain in virtually all neurons. However, FMRP is also localized in discrete granules (Fragile X granules; FXGs) in a subset of brain regions including frontal cortex, hippocampal area CA3 and olfactory bulb glomeruli. Immunoelectron microscopy shows that FMRP is localized at presynaptic terminals and in axons within these FXG-rich regions. With the exception of the olfactory bulb, FXGs are prominent only in the developing brain. Experiments in regenerating olfactory circuits indicate that peak FXG expression occurs 2-4 weeks after neurogenesis, a period that correlates with synapse formation and refinement. Virtually all FXGs contain FXR2P, while region-selective subsets harbor FMRP and/or FXR1P. Genetic studies show that FXR2P is essential for FXG expression, while FMRP regulates FXG number and developmental profile. These findings suggest that Fragile X proteins play a distinct, presynaptic role during discrete developmental epochs in defined circuits of the mammalian CNS. We propose that the neurological defects in Fragile X syndrome, including the autistic features, could be due in part to the loss of FMRP function in presynaptic compartments.
Separating style and content on a nonlinear manifold (2004)

Bilinear and multi-linear models have been successful in decomposing static image ensembles into perceptually orthogonal sources of variations, e.g., separation of style and content. If we consider the appearance of human motion such as gait, facial expression and gesturing, most of such activities result in nonlinear manifolds in the image space. The question that we address in this paper is how to separate style and content on manifolds representing dynamic objects. In this paper we learn a decomposable generative model that explicitly decomposes the intrinsic body configuration (content) as a function of time from the appearance (style) of the person performing the action as time-invariant parameter. The framework we present in this paper is based on decomposing the style parameters in the space of nonlinear functions which map between a learned unified nonlinear embedding of multiple content manifolds and the visual input space.
Interpretare Montalbano: dal romanzo allo schermo. Appunti per una trasposizione cinematografica (2019)

Il centesimo romanzo di Andrea Camilleri (L'altro capo del filo, 2016), ambientato nel contesto degli sbarchi di migranti in Sicilia, vede tra i protagonisti un medico e una giovane donna tunisini che fungono da interpreti per il commissario Montalbano. I tratti salienti dei due personaggi sono tutti riconducibili a caratteristiche riscontrabili anche nel mondo professionale reale e rispecchiano una percezione di questa figura molto diversa dagli stereotipi correnti. Dopo alcune riflessioni sulla figura dell’interprete nelle opere di finzione letteraria e cinematografica, l’articolo analizza gli aspetti più interessanti dei due personaggi in vista di una trasposizione cinematografica del romanzo.
Abstract 4875: Developing tumor-localized, combination immunotherapies (2016)

Abstract Building on the recent clinical successes of checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, the field of cancer immunotherapy is now focussing on combination treatment regimens to further improve efficacy benefits to patients. However, combining such systemically dosed agents is associated with a number of challenges including enhanced side effect profiles and high costs. One strategy being explored to overcome such issues is to dose the therapeutics directly into the tumor rather than systemically but many tumors will not be accessible for this type of treatment. We have developed a broadly applicable vector platform system, based on the potent chimeric oncolytic group B adenovirus enadenotucirev (EnAd), for directing the efficient local production of a combination of immunotherapeutic agents selectively within the tumor. The versatility and fidelity of the platform has been exemplified by encoding up to three separate biomolecules in the same virus, including antibodies, cytokines, chemokines and tumor-associated antigens, without altering other virus properties. A systemic clinical dosing regimen has been established for EnAd, with data directly demonstrating selective virus delivery to and protein production from colorectal and other tumor types. The advantage of this approach is that immunotherapeutics encoded in the virus can be produced locally, both in tumors that are not directly injectable and in metastases, while minimising systemic off-target effects. A candidate virus NG-345 has been designed to produce a combination of three secreted immunomodulatory agents (human IFNá, MIP1á and Flt3L) aimed at enhancing the recruitment and activation of immune cells into tumor cell nests. We have shown that NG-345 retains the full oncolytic properties (potency and selectivity) of the parental EnAd virus, with infected human tumor cells producing high levels of all three cytokine/chemokines in the culture supernatants. Functional activity of individual encoded agents has also been demonstrated using relevant cell-based assays. EnAd is highly human-tumor selective and does not replicate, produce infectious progeny or express endogenously regulated transgenes in non-human cells. In vivo evaluation of immuno-modulatory activities of armed viruses is therefore challenging and requires the application of multiple approaches that can collectively provide informative data. In particular, studies are focusing on using surrogate candidate viruses expressing murine gene homologs in human tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice with or without a reconstituted immune system. Citation Format: Brian R. Champion, Nalini Rasiah, Sam Illingworth, Matthieu Besneux, Rochelle Lear, Darren Plumb, Prithvi Kodialbail, Alice C.N. Brown. Developing tumor-localized, combination immunotherapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4875.
Poloxamer 407‐chitosan grafted thermoresponsive hydrogels achieve synchronous and sustained release of antigen and adjuvant from single‐shot vaccines (2018)

Sustained-release vaccine delivery systems may enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines and reduce the need for multiple vaccinations. The aim of this study was to develop a thermoresponsive hydrogel using poloxamer 407-chitosan (CP) grafted copolymer as a delivery system for single-shot sustained-release vaccines. The CP copolymer was synthesized using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. The CP copolymer was a free flowing solution at ambient temperature and transformed rapidly into a gel at body temperature. The hydrogels were loaded with vaccine antigen and adjuvants or the vaccine components were encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles in order to ensure synchronous release. The CP hydrogels were stable for up to 18 days in vitro. Release of both nanoparticles and the individual components was complete, with release of the individual components being modulated by incorporation into nanoparticles. In vivo, a single dose of CP hydrogel vaccine induced strong, long lasting, cellular and humoral responses that could protect against the development of tumors in a murine melanoma model.
Microbiological Transformations. 47. A Step toward a Green Chemistry Preparation of Enantiopure (<i>S</i>)-2-, -3-, and -4-Pyridyloxirane via an Epoxide Hydrolase Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution (2000)

The biocatalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution of 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyloxirane by the Aspergillus niger epoxide hydrolase (EH) has been explored. This was used to perform a gram scale preparation of these epoxides of (S) absolute configuration using a process performed at a concentration as high as 10 g/L (82 mM). All three epoxides have been obtained in a nearly enantiopure form (ee > 98%). Interestingly, it was shown that this biotransformation could be achieved using plain water instead of buffer solution, an important improvement as far as downstream processing of an eventual industrial process is concerned. Neither of these substrates could be obtained in reasonable enantiomeric purity and yield using the nowadays most efficient metal-based catalysts.
SYNTHESIS OF 5-(2,2′-BIPYRIDINYL AND 2,2′-BIPYRIDINEDIIUMYL)-2′-DEOXYURIDINE NUCLEOSIDES: PRECURSORS TO METALLO-DNA CONJUGATES (2002)

The synthesis of 2,2'-bipyridinyl-2'-deoxyuridine metal-chelator nucleosides (Bipy-dU) with either ethynyl or ethylenyl linkers was now been accomplished. These new nucleosides will permit the construction of a number of corresponding metallo-DNA conjugates where many types of metals can be complexed to the 2,2'-bipyridinyl chelator group and the resulting metallo-dU conjugates incorporated into DNA oligonucleotides. Additionally this paper also reports the synthesis of a di-N-alkylated bipyridinediiumyl-2'-deoxyuridine nucleoside (Bipy(2+)-dU) with an ethylenyl linker. The Bipy(2+)-dU nucleoside was found to decompose under basic conditions precluding its use in standard automated DNA-synthesis by the phosphoramidite method. No such restrictions apply to the two Bipy-dU nucleosides reported here for use as metal chelators.
A new approach combining simulation and randomization for the analysis of large continuous time Markov chains (1998)

A new analysis method for continuous time Markov chains is introduced. The method combines, in some sense, simulation and numerical techniques for the analysis of large Markov chains. The basis of the new method is the description of a continuous-time Markov chain as a set of communicating processes. The state of all or some of the processes is described by a state vector, including a probability distribution over the set of locally reachable states. Simulation is used to determine the event times and message types exchanged between processes. Local transitions are realized by vector matrix products describing the next state distribution form the current one. In this way, the state explosion problem of numerical analysis is avoided, but it is still possible to obtain more accurate results that with pure simulation. The approach is therefore especially useful for the analysis of quantities with small probabilities or for the analysis of rare events.