gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stiffness Study of a Parallel Link Robot Crane for Shipbuilding Applications (1989)

This describes the first phase of an effort to develop a robot crane for shipbuilding applications. The focus of this phase is on the study of the stiffness characteristics of this robot as a function of its geometry payload and height. A brief description of the design of the main part of the robot crane consisting of a six-wire parallel link manipulator is given. The stiffness of the manipulator to side loads and moments was studied. The nonlinear and linearized mathematical model of the manipulator stiffness matrix is derived. Stiffness measurement tests were conducted using a small size laboratory model. The results of these tests for various external loads, heights, and payloads are given. Computer simulation and theoretical results are also discussed.
Effects of Deep Trapping States at High Temperatures on Transient Performance of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

Kinetic studies on the current collapse of a normally-OFF AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor under a high voltage have been performed above room temperature. The ON-state resistance after the ON switching from the OFF state increases at high temperatures, contrary to the expectation that the emission of electrons is enhanced at elevated temperatures. This result indicates that elevating the temperature enhances not only the emission of electrons but also their capture. We experimentally observe that the enhancement of the capture process at high temperatures originates from the energy barrier for the capture of electrons, the value of which is determined to be 0.17±0.04 eV. The origin of the energy barrier for the capture process is explained by a configuration coordinate diagram.
Functional Grammar (1979)

The term functional grammar has been used before, notably by Dik (1978). I risk adding to the number of its meanings here, and thus debasing its value, only because it is peculiarly apt for this new employment. I propose to outline a new grammatical formalism which, if it can be successfully developed, will be worthy of the name functional on three counts. First, it is required to function as part of a model of language production and comprehension. The formalism is interpretable by an abstract machine whose operation is intended to model tl1c syntactic processing of sentences by speakers and hearers indifferently. This is not to say that it is not also intended to represent a speaker's grammatical competence. Secondly, the formalism ascribes to every sentence, word, and phrase, a functional description which differs from the strnctural description of better known formalisms mainly by stressing the function mat a part plays in a whole rather than me position a part occupies in a sequence of omers. The names of grammatical categories, like S, NP, and VP will therefore play a secondary role to terms like subject, object, and modifier. Thirdly, properties that distinguish among logically equivalent sentences will have equal importance with properties that they share. In omer words, mis will be a functionalist view of grammar in which notions like topic and focus, given and new will have equal status with subject and predicate, positive and negative.
Vertical Alliteration in Middle English Alliterative Poems (2006)

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An automatic layout faults detection technique in responsive web pages considering JavaScript defined dynamic layouts (2016)

Revolutionary changes in technology has brought a lots of different types of devices towards the Internet enabled services. It has become challenging to keep web sites functional and user friendly in a wide range of devices. Responsive Web Design (RWD) steps up to facilitate the necessary support to overcome those challenges with complex cascading style sheet (CSS) and JavaScript defined layouts. Fluidly modified layout that controls appearance of Responsive Web Pages (RWP) is subjected to erroneous when faulty CSS and JavaScript modifies the actual look of the web page. Though several methods have already been proposed to detect layout faults in web pages, they are error-prone and time consuming in nature. Thus an automatic approach considering both CSS and JavaScript defined dynamic layout fault detection technique have been proposed in this paper. Simulation result demonstrates that proposed technique outperforms the existing methods in case of time requirement, memory requirement and fault detection rate.
Leave the Cache Hierarchy Operation as It Is (2017)

Persistent memory places NVRAM on the memory bus, offering fast access to persistent data. Yet maintaining NVRAM data persistence raises a host of challenges. Most proposed schemes either incur much performance overhead or require substantial modifications to existing architectures.
mGluR5 Negative Allosteric Modulators Overview: A Medicinal Chemistry Approach Towards a Series of Novel Therapeutic Agents (2011)

Allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) subtypes 1-8 have been shown to offer a valid way to develop small molecule non aminoacid-like therapeutics that can be administered orally and that readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Allosteric modulators of glutamatergic receptors and in particular mGluR5 have emerged as a novel and highly desirable class of compounds for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and peripheral disorders. This article provides medicinal chemistry highlights around the chemical classes of potent and highly selective mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) and their therapeutic potential. In addition, it describes the medicinal chemistry approach from the discovery to the clinical candidate selection of a new series of heteroaryl-butynylpyridines targeting mGluR5. The multiparametric optimization of the initial starting point which ended in the selection of potential clinical candidates combining the best pharmacophoric features is presented. The pharmacological properties are reported and support the interest of these agents for new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, a summary of the diverse mGluR5 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligands is reported.
Waveguides, resonators and their coupled elements in photonic crystal slabs (2004)

The design, fabrication, and measurement of photonic-band-gap (PBG) waveguides, resonators and their coupled elements in two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slabs have been investigated. We have studied various loss mechanisms in PBG waveguides and have achieved a very low propagation loss (~1 dB/mm). For these waveguides, we have observed a large group delay (>100 ps) by time-domain measurement. As regards PBG resonators, we realize very high-Q and small volume resonators in PhC slabs by appropriate design. Finally, we demonstrate various forms of coupled elements of waveguides and resonators: 2-port resonant-tunneling transmission devices, 4-port channel-drop devices using the slow light mode, and 3-port channel-drop devices using the resonant-tunneling process.
Breakthrough in radio technology offers new application options (2003)

Spread spectrum transmission and the implementation of this technology in a wireless packet data network called ARLAN are described. Some key features of the combination include wideband data transmission about 100 times faster than conventional radio, ultrasecure communication, high immunity to interference, error-free transmission, fast user response time, and transparence to user software. The status of Canadian regulations is also presented. Typical uses are described and new applications suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optuna: A Next-generation Hyperparameter Optimization Framework (2019)

Hybrid systems, which combine both continuous and discrete behavior, are used in many fields, including robotics, biological systems, and control systems. However, due to their complexity, finding an accurate model is a challenge. This paper discusses the usage of symbolic regression to learn hybrid systems from data and specifically analyses learning parameters for a recent algorithm. Symbolic regression is a powerful tool that can automatically discover accurate and interpretable mathematical models in the form of symbolic expressions. Models generated by symbolic regression are a valuable tool for system identification and diagnosis, e.g., to predict future system behavior or detect anomalies. A major opportunity of our approach is the ability to detect transitions between different continuous behaviors of a system directly based on the dynamics. From a diagnosis perspective, this can advantageously be used to detect the system entering fault modes and identify their models. This paper presents a parameter study for a symbolic regression based identification algorithm.
Effect of X-irradiation on the Permeability of L-Alpha Hydroxy Acid Oxidase From Mouse Liver Peroxisomes (1974)

Mice were exposed to 800 R whole body X-irradiation at a rate of 15 R per minute. Following exposure there was an increase in the permeability of L-alpha hydroxy acid oxidase from mouse liver peroxisomes, and an increased sensitivity of the peroxisomes to low concentrations of Triton X-100, These results indicate that latency characteristics of peroxisomes from irradiated animals are altered compared to the latency characteristics of peroxisomes from control animals.
The effect of externally imposed mechanical stress on the hot-carrier-induced degradation of deep-sub micron nMOSFET's (1997)

The influence of externally imposed mechanical stress (MS) on the hot-carrier-induced degradation of MOSFET's is studied. For nMOSFET's, tensile (compressive) stress increases (decreases) degradation. This effect is ascribed to the piezoresistance effect which causes a change of the hot-carrier generation. It is demonstrated that, in contradiction with earlier reports in literature, externally imposed mechanical stress has no influence on carrier trapping, nor on interface trap creation. Also, since the piezoresistance coefficient is reduced in deep-sub micron transistors, the effect of mechanical stress on hot-carrier degradation becomes negligible for 0.35-/spl mu/m transistors.
The Jupiter program (2002)

Jupiter is a Sandia National Laboratories initiative to develop the next generation of fast Z-pinch drivers for applications to high energy density physics, inertial confinement fusion, and radiation effects simulation. Jupiter will also provide unique capabilities for science research in a broad spectrum of areas involving ultra high magnetic fields, hot/dense plasmas, X-ray physics, intense neutron sources, etc. The program is based on the premise that a single facility using magnetically driven implosions can meet the needs in these multiple program areas. Jupiter requires a 450-500 TW, 8-10 MV, /spl sim/100 ns pulsed power generator to impart /spl sim/15 MJ kinetic energy to an imploding plasma load. The baseline concept uses a highly modular, robust architecture with demonstrated performance reliability. The design also has the flexibility to drive longer implosion times. This paper describes the Jupiter accelerator concept, and the research underway to establish the technological readiness to proceed with construction of the facility.
Current Synthetic Approaches to Peptide and Peptidomimetic Cyclization (2002)

An increasingly large number of bioactive cyclic peptides have been found in nature. The enhanced biological specificity, activity, and metabolic stability of cyclopeptides, by virtue of their conformationally constrained structural feature, have attracted much attention and made these compounds extensively studied. Cyclic peptidomimetic scaffolds and templates have been widely used to assemble various spatially defined functional groups for molecular recognition and drug discovery. These efforts are complemented optimally by NMR and X-ray based structure information, and assisted by molecular modeling based structure predictive methods. Peptide cyclization also becomes an effective and commonly employed strategy for peptide modifications. During the past several decades, great effort has been made to develop more efficient methods for the synthesis of cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics, as potential drug leads and / or as models for conformational analysis. This review is aimed at highlighting nove l recently developed peptide cyclization approaches, and illustrating the profitable applications.
Constitutive activation of Akt/protein kinase B in melanoma leads to up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and tumor progression. (2002)

The serine/threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B and the pleiotropic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB [NF-kappaB (p50/p65)] play important roles in the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in melanoma cells. However, the mechanism of this activation is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of Akt in the activation of NF-kappaB during melanoma tumor progression. Based on our observation that two of the five melanoma cell lines examined exhibit constitutive Akt activation, we evaluated Akt activation by immunohistochemistry in a series of pigmented skin lesions using an antibody specific for phospho-Akt Ser-473. Normal and slightly dysplastic nevi exhibited no significant Akt expression, in marked contrast to the dramatic Akt immunoreactivity seen in severely dysplastic nevi and melanomas (66.3% positive). When these same lesions were stained for nuclear p65, a similar expression pattern was observed. In addition, interruption of Akt activation resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased NF-kappaB promoter activity. These results indicate that activation of Akt kinase is linked to enhanced NF-kappaB nuclear localization and transactivation. We propose that activation of Akt may be an early marker for tumor progression in melanoma.
CRF2 alpha and CRF2 beta receptor mRNAs are differentially distributed between the rat central nervous system and peripheral tissues. (1995)

We have recently described the cloning and characterization of a novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype (CRF2) from rat brain that exists in two alternatively spliced forms, CRF2 alpha and CRF2 beta. These forms differ in their N-terminal coding sequence which results in the production of two distinct receptors of 411 and 431 amino acids, respectively. To assess whether these two forms might represent distinct targets for CRF action, RNase protection and in situ hybridization studies were performed using specific N-terminal cRNA probes. The results showed a differential distribution of the mRNAs for these two receptor forms in the rat. The mRNA for CRF2 alpha is found almost exclusively in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus, lateral septum, and olfactory bulb, whereas the mRNA for CRF2 beta appears to be both in the brain and in the periphery, with the greatest abundance in the heart and skeletal muscle. Thus, the data suggest that these alternatively spliced forms of the CRF2 receptor may represent functionally distinct CRF receptors. In addition, it highlights the importance of probe specificity for in situ hybridization studies.
Ultra‐Sensitive Colorimetric Plasmonic Sensing and Microfluidics for Biofluid Diagnostics Using Nanohole Array (2015)

Colorimetric techniques provide a useful approach for sensing application because of their low cost, use of inexpensive equipment, requirement of fewer signal transduction hardware, and, above all, their simple‐to‐understand results. Colorimetric sensor can be used for both qualitative analyte identification as well as quantitative analysis for many application areas such as clinical diagnosis, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. A gap exists between high‐end, accurate, and expensive laboratory equipment and low‐cost qualitative point‐of‐care testing tools. Here, we present a label‐free plasmonic‐based colorimetric sensor fabricated on a transparent plastic substrate consisting of about one billion nanocups in an array with a subwavelength opening and decorated with metal nanoparticles on the side walls, to bridge that gap. The fabrication techniques of the plasmonic sensor, integration to portable microfluidic devices for lab on chip applications, demonstration of highly sensitive refractive‐index sensing, DNA hybridization detection, and protein‐protein interaction will be reviewed. Further, we anticipate that the colorimetric sensor can be applied to point‐of‐care diagnostics by utilizing proper surface functionalization techniques, which seems to be one of the current limiting factors. Finally, the future outlook for the colorimetric plasmonic sensors is discussed.
New Miniaturized Highly Sensitive Immunoassay Device for Quantitative Measurement of Soluble or Particular Antigen or Antibodies in a Liquid Sample (1999)

observe binding of hER- to the ERE. Binding data were consistent with the observed agonist or antagonist activity of the aforementioned compounds. Graphs of P vs concentration of ligand generally displayed an increase in P t low concentrations followed by a decrease in P as concentrations increased. This type of response would be expected if hER possesses multiple ligand-binding sites displaying cooperative behavior as has been reported At low ligand concentrations, the likelihood of receptor binding only one ligand in solution dominates. When such binding occurs, a conformational change producing positive cooperativity would increase the onrate of the receptor binding to the fiber. As the concentration of ligand in solution increases, it becomes more likely that all receptor binding sites are occupied; therefore, the rate of binding to the fiber would decrease, reflecting a decreased concentration of available receptor. Thus, the data obtained with the fiber optic sensor appear to be consistent with expected results.
On the mechanism of anti-CD39 immune checkpoint therapy (2020)

With the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, the search for new therapeutic targets has led to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an important regulator of antitumor immunity. This resulted in the development of selective inhibitors targeting various components of the adenosinergic pathway, including small molecules antagonists targeting the high affinity A2A adenosine receptor and low affinity A2B receptor, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules targeting CD73 and therapeutic mAbs targeting CD39. As each regulator of the adenosinergic pathway present non-overlapping biologic functions, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of each targeted approach should accelerate clinical translation and improve rational design of combination treatments. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms-of-action of anti-CD39 cancer therapy and potential toxicities that may emerge from sustained CD39 inhibition. Caution should be taken, however, in extrapolating data from gene-targeted mice to patients treated with blocking anti-CD39 agents. As phase I clinical trials are now underway, further insights into the mechanism of action and potential adverse events associated with anti-CD39 therapy are anticipated in coming years.
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Acetylsalicylate Kill Bacteria by Disrupting the Bacterial Membrane Potential in Different Ways (1994)

Lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), a local anesthetic, and acetylsalicylate (AcSAL), show antibacterial activity for both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Kinetic studies indicated that antibacterial activity of LH was different from that of AcSAL. A subinhibitory concentration of LH and AcSAL enhanced the sensitivity of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to novobiocin and nalidixic acid. The synergistic effect of AcSAL with novobiocin and nalidixic acid was higher than that of LH. The effect of both drugs on the membrane potential of inner membrane was also studied using inverted membrane vesicles of bacteria. Both LH and AcSAL depolarized the membrane potential after the vesicles were energized with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. However, unlike AcSAL, pre-treatment of vesicles with LH had no effect on the generation of membrane potential. These results suggest that depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane, preceded by the permeabilization of the outer membrane for gram-negative bacteria, is associated with antibacterial activity of LH and AcSAL. The difference in actions of LH and AcSAL was discussed.
A reference genome for Nicotiana tabacum enables map-based cloning of homeologous loci implicated in nitrogen utilization efficiency (2017)

Development of an improved genome assembly for N. tabacum enables what we believe to be the first successful map-based gene discovery for the species, and demonstrates the value of an improved assembly for future research in this model and commercially-important species.
Tunable Coupling Architecture for Fixed-Frequency Transmon Superconducting Qubits (2021)

Implementation of high-fidelity 2-qubit operations is a key ingredient for scalable quantum error correction. In superconducting qubit architectures, tunable buses have been explored as a means to higher-fidelity gates. However, these buses introduce new pathways for leakage. Here we present a modified tunable bus architecture appropriate for fixed-frequency qubits in which the adiabaticity restrictions on gate speed are reduced. We characterize this coupler on a range of 2-qubit devices, achieving a maximum gate fidelity of 99.85%. We further show the calibration is stable over one day.
Varietal screening for resistance to wilt of cowpea. (2011)

HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE SUMMARY A study was carried out to screen different varieties/ cultures for their resistance against wilt of cowpea (Fusarium solani) in pot at Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during 2007. Pathogenicity was proved by soil inoculation and hydroponics method. The data revealed that out of twelve varieties, Gujarat Forage Cowpea-4 was found resistant while Gujarat Forage Cowpea-2 was found to be moderately resistant. Six varieties/ cultures viz., Gujarat Cowpea-3, Gujarat Cowpea-4, Gujarat Forage Cowpea-1, Gujarat Forage Cowpea-3, C-43 and ACS-17 showed moderate susceptible reaction where as, remaining cowpea varieties/ cultures viz., C-58, Gujarat Cowpea-1, Pusa Falguni and EC-4216 were found to be susceptible against wilt disease. See end of the article for authors’ affiliations
On a new catalyzed silylation of alcohols by phenylhydrosilanes (2001)

KOH–18-crown-6 ether is a valuable system for the catalyzed dehydrocoupling of alcohols with phenylhydrosilanes (Ph3SiH and PhMe2SiH).