gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Modal Power Distribution Measurement for High-Speed Short-Reach Optical Systems (2004)

We propose a pair of related new techniques for measuring the modal power distribution (MPD) of light launched into a multimode fiber (MMF). For modern applications involving laser launches, our method has several potential advantages over ray optics-based methods such as and recent extensions of them . Instead of relying on a time-averaged measurement of near-field intensity with a CCD camera to spatially resolve the launched power, our method uses a specially designed probe fiber to temporally resolve the launched power. If the source can be modulated fast enough (as is necessary for 10 Gbps serial transmission, for instance), the measurement is straightforward and the calculation of the MPD is trivial. For slower sources, a more involved measurement and inversion algorithm are required.
Flow Cytometric Characterization of Antigen-Specific T Cells Based on RNA and Its Advantages in Detecting Infections and Immunological Disorders (2016)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with flow cytometry (FISH-Flow) is a highly quantitative, high-throughput platform allowing precise quantification of total mRNA transcripts in single cells. In undiagnosed infections posing a significant health burden worldwide, such as latent tuberculosis or asymptomatic recurrent malaria, an important challenge is to develop accurate diagnostic tools. Antigen-specific T cells create a persistent memory to pathogens, making them useful for diagnosis of infection. Stimulation of memory response initiates T-cell transitions between functional states. Numerous studies have shown that changes in protein levels lag real-time T-cell transitions. However, analysis at the single-cell transcriptional level can determine the differences. FISH-Flow is a powerful tool with which to study the functional states of T-cell subsets and to identify the gene expression profiles of antigen-specific T cells during disease progression. Advances in instrumentation, fluorophores, and FISH methodologies will broaden and deepen the use of FISH-Flow, changing the immunological field by allowing determination of functional immune signatures at the mRNA level and the development of new diagnostic tools.
RNA Interference Prevents Autosomal-Dominant Hearing Loss (2016)

Hearing impairment is the most common sensory deficit. It is frequently caused by the expression of an allele carrying a single dominant missense mutation. Herein, we show that a single intracochlear injection of an artificial microRNA carried in a viral vector can slow progression of hearing loss for up to 35 weeks in the Beethoven mouse, a murine model of non-syndromic human deafness caused by a dominant gain-of-function mutation in Tmc1 (transmembrane channel-like 1). This outcome is noteworthy because it demonstrates the feasibility of RNA-interference-mediated suppression of an endogenous deafness-causing allele to slow progression of hearing loss. Given that most autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss in humans is caused by this mechanism of action, microRNA-based therapeutics might be broadly applicable as a therapy for this type of deafness.
A method for computing calibrated ocean wave spectra from measurements with a nautical X-band radar (2002)

The radar backscatter from the ocean surface, called sea clutter, is modulated due to the surface wave field. The modulation introduces a spatio-temporal correlation of the sea clutter signal. A three-dimensional wavenumber frequency spectrum of the sea clutter is calculated from a time series of radar images with an FFT algorithm. Because of the non-linearity of the imaging process the image spectrum contains harmonics in addition to the linear fundamental mode. These modes are localized at distinct surfaces in the wave number frequency space corresponding to the scaled dispersion relation of surface gravity waves. Because of the localization of the spectral energy on dispersion shells, the aliasing effect due to a temporal undersampling can be overcome. The dispersion shells are reconstructed over the Nyquist frequency barrier and for negative frequencies. The dispersion shells are used as spectral filters to separate the modes from the clutter noise pedestal of radar image spectra. This pedestal shows the effect of the impulse response due to the finite spatial resolution of the radar. The spectral energy of the wavenumber frequency spectrum is integrated over the frequency coordinate axis, with the positive solution of the dispersion relation of surface gravity waves as signal filter. With this spectral filter method an unambiguous wave number image spectrum is selected. The fundamental image spectrum is related to the surface wave spectrum by an image transfer function. An empirical calibration procedure is presented. This procedure is based on the correlation of the signal to noise ratio with the significant wave height. The applicability of the method is shown using a radar and buoy data set. The spectral energies of fundamental mode, first harmonic, and the clutter component are compared.
Analyzing CSP Trustworthiness and Predicting Cloud Service Performance (2020)

Analytics firm Cyence estimated Amazon's four-hour cloud computing outage in 2017 "cost S&P 500 companies at least $150 million" and traffic monitoring firm Apica claimed "54 of the top 100 online retailers saw site performance slump by at least 20 percent". According to Ponemon, 2015 data center outages cost Fortune 1000 companies between $1.25 and $2.5 billion. Despite potential risks, the cloud computing industry continues to grow. For example, Internet of Things, which is projected to grow 266% between 2013 and 2020, will drive increased demand on cloud computing as data across multiple industries is collected and sent back to cloud data centers for processing. RightScale estimates enterprises will continue to increase cloud demand with 85% having multi-cloud strategies. This growth and dependency will influence risk exposure and potential for impact (e.g. availability, performance, security, financial). The research in this paper and proposed solution calculates cloud service provider (CSP) trustworthiness levels and predicts cloud service and cloud service level agreement (SLA) availability performance. Evolving industry standards (e.g. NIST, ISO/IEC) for cloud SLAs and existing work regarding CSP trustworthiness will be leveraged as regression-based predictive models are constructed to analyze CSP cloud computing services, SLA performance and CSP trustworthiness.
Linear probability based admission control policy for video on demand system (2011)

In this paper, we propose a dynamic admission control policy for distributed video on demand system, based on linear probability function. The probability of accepting a video request is calculated by using a liner mathematical formula. Quality of service (QoS) is granted by restricting the requests on the basis of popularity of request and availability of resources. The popular video request will get better chance to be accepted. The distinction of this paper from the others is dynamic admission control policy instead of static and threshold. The evaluation of proposed system is done by simulation model, number of rejected requests and total generated revenue is calculated for performance measurement, and it is observed that proposed admission control policy not only improves the performance of all the request classes but also improves a lot the overall system.
<title>White-light and broadband laser for medical imaging</title> (1993)

A new laser is developed for medical imaging, with the construction based on the new principles of lasing spectrum operation. The output radiation possesses unusual spectral properties that are investigated experimentally. The advantages of this radiation application for imaging in medical and biological investigations by the methods of microscopy, endoscopy, photography and holography are examined.
Safety, Dosimetry, and Tumor Detection Ability of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-AE105: First-in-Human Study of a Novel Radioligand for uPAR PET Imaging (2016)

The overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors (uPARs) represents an established biomarker for aggressiveness in most common malignant diseases, including breast cancer (BC), prostate cancer (PC), and urinary bladder cancer (UBC), and is therefore an important target for new cancer therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. In this study, uPAR PET imaging using a <sup>68</sup>Ga-labeled version of the uPAR-targeting peptide (AE105) was investigated in a group of patients with BC, PC, and UBC. The aim of this first-in-human, phase I clinical trial was to investigate the safety and biodistribution in normal tissues and uptake in tumor lesions. <b>Methods:</b> Ten patients (6 PC, 2 BC, and 2 UBC) received a single intravenous dose of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-AE105 (154 ± 59 MBq; range, 48-208 MBq). The biodistribution and radiation dosimetry were assessed by serial whole-body PET/CT scans (10 min, 1 h, and 2 h after injection). Safety assessment included measurements of vital signs with regular intervals during the imaging sessions and laboratory blood screening tests performed before and after injection. In a subgroup of patients, the in vivo stability of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-AE105 was determined in collected blood and urine. PET images were visually analyzed for visible tumor uptake of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-AE105, and SUVs were obtained from tumor lesions by manually drawing volumes of interest in the malignant tissue. <b>Results:</b> No adverse events or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects were found. The radioligand exhibited good in vivo stability and fast clearance from tissue compartments primarily by renal excretion. The effective dose was 0.015 mSv/MBq, leading to a radiation burden of 3 mSv when the clinical target dose of 200 MBq was used. In addition, radioligand accumulation was seen in primary tumor lesions as well as in metastases. <b>Conclusion:</b> This first-in-human, phase I clinical trial demonstrates the safe use and clinical potential of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-AE105 as a new radioligand for uPAR PET imaging in cancer patients.
Numerical Temporal Dispersion Corrections For Broadband Temporal Simulation, RTM and FWI (2015)

Summary A time-domain seismic simulator used to compute either the forward simulation of a source or the adjoint simulation of a recorded wave field is often implemented using a time stepping algorithm based upon a selected explicit or implicit finite difference approximation to either a first or a second time derivative. Any finite-order approximation provides a solution that suffers from some degree of temporal dispersion, particularly at higher frequencies. The temporal dispersion errors can be corrected via a resampling operation in the frequency domain when using this type of simulator for forward simulation, Reverse Time Depth Migration (RTM), and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) gradients. This correction can impact how well broad-band RTM or FWI inversion results tie to well logs.
Discovery of a Series of 5,11-Dihydro-6<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]pyrimido[5,4-<i>b</i>][1,4]diazepin-6-ones as Selective PI3K-δ/γ Inhibitors (2016)

Dual inhibition of PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ is an established therapeutic strategy for treatment of hematological malignancies. Reported molecules targeting PI3K-δ/γ selectively are chemically similar and based upon isoquinolin-1(2H)-one or quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffolds. Here we report a chemically distinct series of potent, selective PI3K-δ/γ inhibitors based on a 5,11-dihydro-6H-benzo[e]pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]diazepin-6-one scaffold with comparable biochemical potency and cellular effects on PI3K signaling. We envisage these molecules will provide useful leads for development of next-generation PI3K-δ/γ targeting therapeutics.
Vremiere (2017)

Creative professionals are creating Virtual Reality (VR) experiences today by capturing spherical videos, but video editing is still done primarily in traditional 2D desktop GUI applications such as Premiere. These interfaces provide limited capabilities for previewing content in a VR headset or for directly manipulating the spherical video in an intuitive way. As a result, editors must alternate between editing on the desktop and previewing in the headset, which is tedious and interrupts the creative process. We demonstrate an application that enables a user to directly edit spherical video while fully immersed in a VR headset. We first interviewed professional VR filmmakers to understand current practice and derived a suitable workflow for in-headset VR video editing. We then developed a prototype system implementing this new workflow. Our system is built upon a familiar timeline design, but is enhanced with custom widgets to enable intuitive editing of spherical video inside the headset. We conducted an expert review study and found that with our prototype, experts were able to edit videos entirely within the headset. Experts also found our interface and widgets useful, providing intuitive controls for their editing needs.
Probability admission control in class-based Video-on-Demand system (2011)

Admission control is applied to maintain a predefined Quality of Service in online streaming services such as Video-on-Demand system. In common admission control, a new request to a specific class will be rejected when the ports dedicated to such a class are fully-occupied. This proposed system is different from previous works as follows: (1) we experimented on the advent of probability for this fully-occupied class so that it might use other class' ports which are still available. (2) Every higher priority class (popular class) has higher probability to get admitted in lower priority class (less-popular class). Conversely, lower priority class has lower probability to get admitted in higher priority class. It is expected that our proposed system will not only increase the performance of popular class but also the performance of overall system. The proposed admission control policy is validated through simulation using NS-2 simulator. In general, with such experiments, it is shown that blockage has significantly been reduced for popular class and also for overall system.
A Fluorogenic, Small Molecule Reporter for Mammalian Phospholipase C Isozymes (2010)

Phospholipase C isozymes (PLCs) catalyze the conversion of the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) into two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. This family of enzymes are key signaling proteins that regulate the physiological responses of many extracellular stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Aberrant regulation of PLCs has been implicated in various diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. How, when, and where PLCs are activated under different cellular contexts are still largely unknown. We have developed a fluorogenic PLC reporter, WH-15, that can be cleaved in a cascade reaction to generate fluorescent 6-aminoquinoline. When applied in enzymatic assays with either pure PLCs or cell lysates, this reporter displays more than a 20-fold fluorescence enhancement in response to PLC activity. Under assay conditions, WH-15 has comparable K(m) and V(max) with the endogenous PIP(2). This novel reporter will likely find broad applications that vary from imaging PLC activity in live cells to high-throughput screening of PLC inhibitors.
New and Old Concepts in Thermoelectric Materials (2009)

Herein we cover the key concepts in the field of thermoelectric materials research, present the current understanding, and show the latest developments. Current research is aimed at increasing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) by maximizing the power factor and/or minimizing the thermal conductivity. Attempts at maximizing the power factor include the development of new materials, optimization of existing materials by doping, and the exploration of nanoscale materials. The minimization of the thermal conductivity can come through solid-solution alloying, use of materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity, and nanostructuring. Herein we describe the most promising bulk materials with emphasis on results from the last decade. Single-phase bulk materials are discussed in terms of chemistry, crystal structure, physical properties, and optimization of thermoelectric performance. The new opportunities for enhanced performance bulk nanostructured composite materials are examined and a look into the not so distant future is attempted.
The adhesion to hydrophilic surfaces of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) containing novolac ‐ hexamethylenetetramine (1979)

Abstract The addition of relatively small amounts of novolachexamethylenetetramine phenolic to poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols has been used to increase the adhesion of the fused plastisol to hydrophilic surfaces like those of glass and steel. The principal mechanism by which this occurs has been studied and found to be, first, the dissolution of the novolachexamethylenetetramine complex in the plasticizer; second, the interaction of the nearby phenolic groups with the hydrophilic surface; and, third, the chain extension and crosslinking of the phenolic to form perhaps a very open cell foam structure through the plasticized vinyl that is attached to the substrate. Additional adhesion may arise from the adsorption of particles of the undissolved novolac complex on the surface and from viscoelastic effects from the cured vinyl composition. The problem with the decreased adhesion of thin plastisol coatings was also studied. It was found to be unrelated to the thickness per se . Rather, it seems to arise from the loss of hexamethylenetetramine at the air interface. Though hexamethylenetetramine is lost also from thicker coatings, the concentration near the adherend interface is less affected.
Expression of <i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V mRNA in mammalian tissues and cell lines (1994)

The expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (Glc-NAc-T V) is increased in many oncogenically transformed cells and in cell lines which are induced to proliferate. In order to characterize the regulation of GlcNAc-T V at the molecular level, we have examined the expression of Glc-NAc-T V mRNAs in a number of mouse tissues and in several human and rodent cell lines. The GlcNAc-T V mRNA is expressed in different amounts in the various mouse tissues, with the greatest amount observed in brain, followed by thymus, kidney, lung, intestine, heart and stomach, and no transcripts detected in liver or skeletal muscle. Measurements of GlcNAc-T V enzymatic activity, by contrast, show brain to have lower levels of activity than several of the other tissues, suggesting possible post-translational regulation. We find that there are two GlcNAc-T V transcripts in most of the RNAs analysed. The rodent cell lines all express both a 7.5 and a 9.5 kb mRNA, with the smaller transcript being more abundant. The human cells have mRNAs of 4.5 and 9.5 kb. Both mRNAs are expressed in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, while A431 cells express only the 4.5 kb mRNA and HL60 cells express only the 9.5 kb transcript. Furthermore, only the 9.5 kb mRNA appears to be increased, along with activity, when HepG2 cells are stimulated to proliferate, suggesting that the two mRNAs may be under different regulatory controls. Also, a GlcNAc-T V-deficient, mutant lymphoma cell line, PHAR2.1, was found to express mRNAs which are larger than the normal mRNAs, possible due to an insertion or aberrant splicing, resulting in a defective mRNA.
New Insights into the SAR and Binding Modes of Bis(hydroxyphenyl)thiophenes and -benzenes: Influence of Additional Substituents on 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (17β-HSD1) Inhibitory Activity and Selectivity (2009)

17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) is responsible for the catalytic reduction of weakly active E1 to highly potent E2. E2 stimulates the proliferation of hormone-dependent diseases via activation of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Because of the overexpression of 17beta-HSD1 in mammary tumors, this enzyme should be an attractive target for the treatment of estrogen-dependent pathologies. Recently, we have reported on a series of potent 17beta-HSD1 inhibitors: bis(hydroxyphenyl) azoles, thiophenes, and benzenes. In this paper, different substituents are introduced into the core structure and the biological properties of the corresponding inhibitors are evaluated. Computational methods and analysis of different X-rays of 17beta-HSD1 lead to identification of two different binding modes for these inhibitors. The fluorine compound 23 exhibits an IC(50) of 8 nM and is the most potent nonsteroidal inhibitor described so far. It also shows a high selectivity (17beta-HSD2, ERalpha) and excellent pharmacokinetic properties after peroral application to rats.
A 1.3-GHz 350-mW Hybrid Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer in 90-nm CMOS (2010)

This paper presents a low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) based on a hybrid design with a maximum operating frequency of 1.3 GHz. The proposed hybrid design is capable of extending the resolution of traditional nonlinear digital-to-analog converter (DAC)-based DDFS by adding a linear slope component to the approximated sine wave produced from a nonlinear DAC via an additional linear DAC. With an 11-bit combined DAC, the prototype DDFS produces a minimum spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 52 dBc from dc up to Nyquist frequency when clocked at 1.3 GHz. This 90-nm CMOS chip occupies 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including bond pads and dissipates 350 mW with a 1.2-V digital supply and 2.5-V analog supply. The FOM of this chip is measured at 1207.9 GHz ·2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ENOB</sup> /W .
Antihypertensive effects of purple passion fruit peel extract in rats and humans (2006)

With an increasing number of patients suffering from hypertension and the frequent inability of conventional diet modification and therapy to effectively control the problem, alternative therapies are being sought after. These studies were undertaken to investigate the efficacy of the purple passion fruit peel (PFP) extract—a mixture of bioflavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins—in animals and patients with mild to severe hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into 3 groups: basic diet, basic diet supplemented with the PFP extract at 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg; and serum nitric oxide and systolic blood pressure were analyzed. Studies were then extended to hypertensive subjects within a four‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial through the administration of oral PFP extract (400 mg/day) or placebo pills. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, consumption of the PFP extract at 50 mg/kg lowered systolic blood pressure by 12.3 mm Hg on average (p<0.01) and markedly decreased the nitric oxide production by 65% on average (p<0.05). In hypertensive humans, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of those supplemented with the PFP extract decreased significantly (p<0.001). Hypertensive patients given the PFP extract reported experiencing no significant adverse effects from it. The purple passion fruit peel extract may be safely offered to hypertensive patients as an alternative treatment option. This study was supported in part by Kemin Foods.