gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internetworking connectionless and connection oriented networks (1999)

The use of connection-oriented (CO) networks for the transport of IP traffic is seen to have value to both users and service providers. Given the expectation that most endpoint-generated traffic will be in the form of connectionless (CL) IP datagrams, we address the problem of how to internetwork a CL (IP) network with a CO network. CO networks can be packet-switched or circuit-switched. Examples of packet-switched CO networks include ATM and MPLS networks, in which resource reservations are made at the ATM or shim layer, and IP-switch-based networks, in which resource reservations are made at the IP layer. Examples of circuit-switched networks include SONET/SDH and WDM networks that consist of programmable optical crossconnects. We consider the internetworking problem for two modes of operation of CO networks: provisioned, in which connections are set up a priori, and switched, in which connections are set up on demand. The main focus of this article is on the more complex problem: the internetworking of CL IP networks with CO networks operated in a switched mode. Our solution consists of (i) interworking user plane protocols with protocol conversion in some cases instead of always using protocol encapsulation, (ii) interworking routing protocols by either simply having gateways know routing information of both networks or having all nodes know routing information of both networks, and (iii) interworking signaling protocols by using application- or transport-layer end-to-end handshakes to trigger connection setups through the CO network. We demonstrate throughput improvements with our integrated routing interworking scheme over the MPOA IP-ATM internetworking solution for two example networks.
Tripartite haemolysin BL: isolation and characterization of two distinct homologous sets of components from a single Bacillus cereus isolate (2000)

Haemolysin BL (HBL), a three-component enterotoxic/necrotizing/vascular permeability toxin, is a likely virulence factor of Bacillus cereus diarrhoeal food poisoning and necrotic infections. This paper describes the isolation of two distinct homologous sets of all three HBL components from a single B. cereus isolate, MGBC 145. The proteins of one set (designated HBL, consisting of B, L(1) and L(2)), were about 87-100% identical in N-terminal amino acid sequences to their respective prototype components from strain F837/76, and the proteins of the homologous set (HBL(a), consisting of B(a), L(1a) and L(2a)) were all about 62-65% identical. Only the latter homologues differed immunochemically and physicochemically from the prototypes. HBL and HBL(a) exhibited similar haemolytic and vascular permeability potencies, and the homologues could be interchanged freely. There were no notable differences in activity between the L component homologues. However, components B and B(a) were significantly different. Both were secreted as monomers, but unlike B, B(a) was isolated as a relatively inactive complex that could be reactivated with urea. When B(a) was substituted for B in gel-diffusion assays the distinct discontinuous haemolysis pattern typical of the presence of B did not occur. In suspension assays, excess B inhibited the haemolysis of B-primed cells by L(1) (as previously described), but not that of B(a)-primed cells. Excess B(a) had the opposite effect and enhanced lysis of B(a)-primed cells, but not that of B-primed cells. These differences reveal details about how the toxin components interact on target cell membranes. The authors' observations indicate that HBL represents a new family of multicomponent toxins that was generated by a process of gene and operon duplication that occurred either intracellularly or by horizontal transfer, and raise the possibility of the existence of other related toxins in the genetically diverse B. cereus taxonomic group.
Bubble domain propagation mechanisms in ion-implanted structures (1975)

Experiments on disk and hole patterns in permalloy and in ion‐implanted garnet layers1..2 lead to the conclusion that the bubble domain propagation mechanism in the two structures is different. A ’’charged‐wall’’ model explains the ion‐implanted structure, and a single‐domain model relates the minimum propagation field to the garnet’s cubic anisotropy energy, in good agreement with experiment.
Metabolic Evidence for the Involvement of a [delta]4-Palmitoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase in Petroselinic Acid Synthesis in Coriander Endosperm and Transgenic Tobacco Cells (1994)

We have previously demonstrated that the double bond of petroselinic acid (18:1[delta]6cis) in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed results from the activity of a 36-kD desaturase that is structurally related to the [delta]9-stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase (E.B. Cahoon, J. Shanklin, J.B. Ohlrogge [1992] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 11184-11188). To further characterize the biosynthetic pathway of this unusual fatty acid, 14C-labeling experiments were conducted using developing endosperm of coriander. Studies were also performed using suspension cultures of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) that express the coriander 36-kD desaturase, and as a result produce petroselinic acid and [delta]4-hexadecenoic acid. When supplied exogenously to coriander endosperm slices, [1-14C]palmitic acid and stearic acid were incorporated into glycerolipids but were not converted to petroselinic acid. This suggested that petroselinic acid is not formed by the desaturation of a fatty acid bound to a glycerolipid or by reactions involving acyl-coenzyme As (CoA). Instead, evidence was most consistent with an acyl-ACP route of petroselinic acid synthesis. For example, the exogenous feeding of [1-14C]lauric acid and myristic acid to coriander endosperm slices resulted in the incorporation of the radiolabels into long-chain fatty acids, including primarily petroselinic acid, presumably through acyl-ACP-associated reactions. In addition, using an in vitro fatty acid biosynthetic system, homogenates of coriander endosperm incorporated [2-14C]malonyl-CoA into petroselinic acid, of which a portion was detected in a putative acyl-ACP fraction. Furthermore, analysis of transgenic tobacco suspension cultures expressing the coriander 36-kD desaturase revealed significant amounts of petroselinic acid and [delta]4-hexadecenoic acid in the acyl-ACP pool of these cells. Also presented is evidence derived from [U-14C]nonanoic acid labeling of coriander endosperm, which demonstrates that the coriander 36-kD desaturase positions double bonds relative to the carboxyl end of acyl-ACP substrates. The data obtained in these studies are rationalized in terms of a biosynthetic pathway of petroselinic acid involving the [delta]4 desaturation of palmitoyl-ACP by the 36-kD desaturase followed by two-carbon elongation of the resulting [delta]4-hexadecenoyl-ACP.
Response to the comments on “Environmentally responsible fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells from recycled car batteries” by Po-Yen Chen, Jifa Qi, Matthew T. Klug, Xiangnan Dang, Paula T. Hammond, and Angela M. Belcher published in Energy Environ. Sci. in 2014 (2015)

We provide a detailed scientific demonstration to prove that the comment from the Yi Wang group is false.
A Soybean G2 Glycinin Allergen (2000)

Only 1 epitope could be rendered non-IgE binding by alanine substitutions in the peptide. The nonrandom distribution of the IgE binding sites provides new insight into their organization in trimers in 11S complexes of the G2 glycinin allergen.
Variation-Aware Delay Fault Testing for Carbon-Nanotube FET Circuits (2021)

Sensitivity to process variations and manufacturing defects are major showstoppers for the high-volume manufacturing of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). These imperfections affect gate delay and may remain undetected when test patterns obtained using conventional test-generation techniques are used. We propose a new test generation method that takes CNFET-specific process variations into account and identifies multiple testable long paths through each node in a netlist. In contrast to state-of-the-art techniques, our method can also handle variations that have a nonlinear impact on the propagation delay. The generated test patterns ensure the detection of delay faults through the longest path, even under random CNFET process variations. The proposed method shows significant improvement in the statistical delay quality level (SDQL) compared with a state-of-the-art technique and a commercial ATPG tool for multiple benchmarks. We observed a minimum of 17.1% improvement in the SDQL offered by our patterns over a test set of the same size generated by the commercial tool. We also show that our method, when integrated with the conventional transition fault test flow, offers a significant improvement in the quality of test patterns under random variations. Moreover, the proposed method is flexible and can be easily extended to other emerging device technologies.
Design of a Potent<scp>d</scp>-Peptide HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor with a Strong Barrier to Resistance (2010)

The HIV gp41 N-trimer pocket region is an ideal viral target because it is extracellular, highly conserved, and essential for viral entry. Here, we report on the design of a pocket-specific D-peptide, PIE12-trimer, that is extraordinarily elusive to resistance and characterize its inhibitory and structural properties. D-peptides (peptides composed of D-amino acids) are promising therapeutic agents due to their insensitivity to protease degradation. PIE12-trimer was designed using structure-guided mirror-image phage display and linker optimization and is the first D-peptide HIV entry inhibitor with the breadth and potency required for clinical use. PIE12-trimer has an ultrahigh affinity for the gp41 pocket, providing it with a reserve of binding energy (resistance capacitor) that yields a dramatically improved resistance profile compared to those of other fusion inhibitors. These results demonstrate that the gp41 pocket is an ideal drug target and establish PIE12-trimer as a leading anti-HIV antiviral candidate.
THE CELL TO CELL INTERACTION OF BREAST CANCER CELLS REGULATES CANCER INVASION VIA ADAM15 (2012)

Increasing evidence suggests that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) have essential roles in the process of cancer metastasis via degradation of the extracellular matrix and binding to integrins. Among them, ADAM15 possesses an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence within its disintegrin domain (d.d., hereafter) and binds to RGD recognizing-integrins such as v3 and 51 and also interacts with integrin 91 in RGD-independent manner. Although these integrins play important roles in the process of cancer metastasis, the role of the interactions between ADAM15 and integrins during processes of cancer metastasis remains to be elucidated. We produced the specific antibody (8F7) that interferes with the interaction of human ADAM15 and integrin receptors and performed in vitro aggregation assay, invasion assay, proliferation assay, proteinase activity assay and cell-cell adhesion assay. 8F7 inhibited tumor cell aggregation, invasion and migration, but not proliferation of breast cancer cells and proteinase activity of ADAM15. Furthermore, the interactions between ADAM15 and integrin receptors induced collective cell migration, phosphorylation of Akt, which was known to promote invasion of breast cancer cells. These data suggested that the binding of ADAM15 to v3 or 91 integrins through its d.d. Induces cell aggregation, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells with concomitant activation of Akt signaling pathway.
Highly Enantioselective Monoalkylation of p‐Chlorobenzaldehyde Imine of Glycine tert‐Butyl Ester under Mild Phase‐Transfer Conditions. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dummy Gate-Assisted n-MOSFET Layout for a Radiation-Tolerant Integrated Circuit (2013)

A dummy gate-assisted n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (DGA n-MOSFET) layout was evaluated to demonstrate its effectiveness at mitigating radiation-induced leakage currents in a conventional n-MOSFET. In the proposed DGA n-MOSFET layout, radiation-induced leakage currents are settled by isolating both the source and drain from the sidewall oxides using a p+ layer and dummy gates. Moreover, the dummy gates and dummy Metal-1 layers are expected to suppress the charge trapping in the sidewall oxides. The inherent structure of the DGA n-MOSFET supplements the drawbacks of the enclosed layout transistor, which is also proposed in order to improve radiation tolerance characteristics. The V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> -I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> simulation results of the DGA n-MOSFET layout demonstrated the effectiveness of eliminating such radiation-induced leakage current paths. Furthermore, the radiation exposure experimental results obtained with the fabricated DGA n-MOSFET layout also exhibited good performance with regard to the total ionizing dose tolerance.
Simulation Studies Comparing Feedback Predictive Control to Model Predictive Control for Unmeasured Disturbances in the Artificial Pancreas Application (2019)

The artificial pancreas (AP) is an electro-mechanical device to control glucose (G) levels in the blood for people with diabetes using mathematical modeling and control system technology. There are many variables not measured and modeled by these devices that affect G levels. This work evaluates the effectiveness of two control systems for the case where critical inputs are unmeasured. This work compares and evaluates two predictive feedback control (FBC) algorithms in two unmeasured input studies. In the first study, the process is a dynamic transfer function model with one measured input variable and one unmeasured input variable. The process for the second study is a diabetes simulator with insulin feed rate (IFR) measured and carbohydrate consumption (CC) unmeasured. The feedback predictive control (FBPC) approach achieved much better control performance than model predictive control (MPC) in both studies. In the first study, MPC was shown to get worse as the process lag increases but FBPC was unaffected by process lag. In the diabetes simulation study, for five surrogate type 1 diabetes subjects, the standard deviation of G about its mean (standard deviation) (i.e., the set point) was 133% larger for MPC relative to FBPC. For FBPC, its standard deviation was less than 10% larger for unmeasured CC versus measured CC. Thus, FBPC appears to be a more effective AP control algorithm than MPC for unmeasured disturbances and may not perform much worse in practice when CC is measured versus when it is unmeasured since CC can be very inaccurate in real situations.
Serum angiotensin converting enzyme in sarcoidosis: clinical significance. (1977)

The elevated activity of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in sarcoidosis was usually reduced during steroid therapy but remained above the normal value (52 nmol-min-1-ml-1) in approximately a third of patients during the first year of therapy. ACE was elevated in 5 of 10 patients treated with steroids for at least four years. It was significantly higher in untreated patients (placebo group), who were subsequently placed on steroid therapy because of clinical deterioration, than in those remaining on placebo therapy. In general ACE tended to diminish with increasing duration of disease. The results suggest that serial study of ACE may be useful in the clinical management of sarcoidosis, including assessment of the degree of activity, the need for steroid therapy, therapeutic result and the prognosis.
Perforated Semiconductor Neutron Detector Modules for Detection of Spontaneous Fission Neutrons (2007)

Compact neutron detectors are being designed and tested for use as low-power real-time personnel dosimeters and for remote neutron sensing. The neutron detectors are pin diodes that are mass produced from high-purity Si wafers. Each detector has thousands of circular perforations etched vertically into the device. The perforations are backfilled with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> LiF to make the pin diodes sensitive to thermal neutrons. The prototype devices delivered over 3.8% thermal neutron detection efficiency while operating on only 15 volts. The highest efficiency devices thus far have delivered over 12% thermal neutron detection efficiency. Devices moderated with high density polyethylene (HDPE) can be used for fast neutron detection. Compact packages with or without remote readout electronics are under construction and characterization.
Detonation Engine Performance Comparison Using First and Second Law Analyses (2010)

A performance comparison between airbreathing pulsed detonation engine (PDE) and rotating detonation wave engine (RDWE) concepts is made. The ight speed range used for the analysis is approximately Mach 1{5, which is typically thought to be where these concepts are viable and perhaps competitive with each other and Brayton cycle engines. Since the RDWE is ideally capable of operation with a steady state inlet and nozzle, a PDE model with similar steady state systems was developed. The comparison shows a PDE is more e cient at low supersonic speeds, but the relative RDWE performance gradually increases until it becomes comparable. The thermodynamic cycles of these detonationbased engines have been examined in detail using the Second Law to show the losses associated with mixing and purging. Additionally, the combination of an exergy analysis with First Law performance benchmarks proves to be a useful approach for optimization since sources of losses and component interrelationships are easier to identify.
Screening of Lactobacillus spp. for the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections (2014)

Eight strains belonging to L. fermentum, L. zeae and L. paracasei species harbouring anti-elastase and anti-biofilm properties are potential probiotics for fighting P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections. However, further studies are needed in order to test their innocuity and their capacity to behave such as an oropharyngeal barrier against Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation in vivo.
Gellan Gum Injectable Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications: <i>In Vitro</i> Studies and Preliminary <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation (2009)

Gellan gum is a polysaccharide that we have previously proposed for applications in the cartilage tissue engineering field. In this work, gellan gum hydrogels were tested for their ability to be used as injectable systems using simple processing methods, able to deliver and maintain chondrocytes by in situ gelation, and support cell viability and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Rheological measurements determined that the sol-gel transition occurred near the body temperature at 39 degrees C, upon temperature decrease, in approximately 20 s. Gellan gum discs shows a storage compression modulus of around 80 kPa at a frequency of 1 Hz by dynamic mechanical analysis. Human articular chondrocytes were encapsulated in the gels, cultured in vitro for total periods of 56 days, and analyzed for cell viability and ECM production. Calcein AM staining showed that cell kept viable after 14 days and the histological analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that hyaline-like cartilage ECM was synthesized. Finally, the in vivo performance of the gellan gum hydrogels, in terms of induced inflammatory reaction and integration into the host tissue, was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation in Balb/c mice for 21 days. Histological analysis showed a residual fibrotic capsule at the end of the experiments. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that the gels were stable throughout the experiments while evidencing a tendency for decreasing mechanical properties, which was consistent with weight measurements. Altogether, the results demonstrate the adequacy of gellan gum hydrogels processed by simple methods for noninvasive injectable applications toward the formation of a functional cartilage tissue-engineered construct and originally report the preliminary response of a living organism to the subcutaneous implantation of the gellan gum hydrogels. These are the two novel features of this work.
Optical Fiber Sensor For Vibration Monitoring In High Power Electrical Plants (1989)

An optical fiber vibration sensor designed for monitoring a fixed vibration frequency (in particular 100 Hz) is presented. The device utilizes multimode PCS optical fibers and graded-index microlenses in order to detect cantilever displacements induced by vibrations. A suitable signal processing provides a down-lead insensitive response. Design details of the optoelectronic system and experimental results are presented.
<title>Fiber optics temperature sensor</title> (1996)

A simple optical fiber temperature sensor is under development. The expected temperature range to be measured by the sensor is from minus 50 degrees Celsius to over 1000 degrees Celsius, and the measurement accuracy is 1 degree Celsius. The sensor is robust against harsh environments. It is immune to source fluctuations, surface deterioration of the optical element inside the sensor head, and coupling inconsistency [sensor to electro-optics (EO) board]. The sensor is constructed so that calibration is done automatically upon installation. The sensor uses a high-temperature fiber and a high-temperature metal, and its operation is based on a simple optical interferometer. The source for the sensor is a wideband (white light) source. Data processing software is needed to operate the sensor. The frequency response is 10 Hz or faster. A breadboard sensor made of stainless steel and a silica fiber was built and tested to temperatures up to 500 degrees Celsius. The results show the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Association Studies of BMI and Type 2 Diabetes in the Neuropeptide Y Pathway (2007)

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides and receptors regulate food intake. Inherited variation in this pathway could influence susceptibility to obesity and its complications, including type 2 diabetes. We genotyped a set of 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture the most common variation in NPY, PPY, PYY, NPY1R, NPY2R, and NPY5R in 2,800 individuals of recent European ancestry drawn from the near extremes of BMI distribution. Five SNPs located upstream of NPY2R were nominally associated with BMI in men (P values = 0.001-0.009, odds ratios [ORs] 1.27-1.34). No association with BMI was observed in women, and no consistent associations were observed for other genes in this pathway. We attempted to replicate the association with BMI in 2,500 men and tested these SNPs for association with type 2 diabetes in 8,000 samples. We observed association with BMI in men in only one replication sample and saw no association in the combined replication samples (P = 0.154, OR = 1.09). Finally, a 9% haplotype was associated with type 2 diabetes in men (P = 1.73 x 10(-4), OR = 1.36) and not in women. Variation in this pathway likely does not have a major influence on BMI, although small effects cannot be ruled out; NPY2R should be considered a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes in men.