gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral Electrical Surface Stimulation for the Treatment of Progressive Idiopathic Scoliosis (1983)

Transcutaneous lateral electrical muscle stimulation is demonstrated to be a reasonable alternative to bracing in the treatment of progressive, mild-to-moderate idiopathic scoliosis. Stimulation is applied nightly during sleep, through surface electrodes, on the convex side of the curve, evoking muscle contractions which cause correction of the curvature. Arrest of progression or curve correction in 90 patients treated up to four years (average 15 months) was observed in 84% of 61 patients with single primary curves and 83% of 29 patients with double primary curves. If only the patients who complied totally with the program are considered, the above rates improve to 97% and 93%, respectively. Post-treatment observations of skeletally mature curves for up to two years in 13 patients show no increase in curvature.
Salt extraction from hydrogen‐sulfide scrubber solution using electrodialysis (1995)

Abstract The buildup of undesirable sulfur compounds(sulfates and thiosulfates) reduces the scrubbing effectiveness of the LO‐CAT I autocirculation sulfur recovery process from acid‐gas stream. Among various processes, withdrawing and disposing of a portion of the scrubber solution and replacing this “blowdown” with fresh solution have been the practice in the industry. The application of the electrodialysis system to recycle the blowdown is presented. Experiments were carried out using electrodialysis to separate salts (sulfates and thiosulfates) from the LO‐CAT I autocirculation scrubber solution containing organic chelating agents, iron, and various alkali‐metal inorganic salts. The results indicated that the electrodialysis was successful in removing 50% of the salts from the scrubber solution with less than 8% loss of organic and 8% loss of carbonates. The fluxes of the undesired salt species were high even at low current densities (200 to 400 A/m 2 ).
Characterization of a Silent Gene for Human Pancreatic Elastase I: Structure of the 5'-Flanking Region (1987)

A cDNA for porcine pancreatic elastase I has been cloned and used as a probe for blot hybridization analysis. Southern blot analysis of total DNA demonstrated that the elastase I gene is conserved among the porcine, rat, calf, and human genomes. Northern blot analysis, however, indicated that the elastase I gene is not expressed in the human adult pancreas, even though abundant expression is observed in the rat and porcine pancreas. Sequence analysis of the cloned human elastase I gene revealed that the proximal 5'-flanking region from -1 to -200 shows 78% identity with that of the actively transcribed rat elastase I gene, and contains a consensus TATA box and a putative tissue specific enhancer sequence. The transcriptional activity of the human elastase I gene appears to be suppressed in the human adult pancreas.
Organic photovoltaics incorporating electron conducting exciton blocking layers (2011)

We demonstrate that 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) and 1,4,5,8-napthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) can function as electron conducting and exciton blocking layers when interposed between the acceptor layer and cathode. A low-resistance contact is provided by PTCBI, while NTCDA acts as an exciton blocking layer and optical spacer. Both materials serve as efficient electron conductors, leading to a fill factor as high as 0.70. By using an NTCDA/PTCBI compound blocking layer structure in a functionalized-squaraine/C60-based device, we obtain a spectrally corrected power conversion efficiency of 5.1±0.1% under 1 sun, AM 1.5G simulated solar illumination, an improvement of &gt;25% compared to an analogous device using a conventional bathocuproine layer that has previously been shown to conduct electrons via damage-induced midgap states.
Predictions of defect detection performance of air-coupled ultrasonic rail inspection system (2017)

A rail inspection system based on ultrasonic guided waves and non-contact (air-coupled) ultrasound transduction is under development at the University of California at San Diego. The system targets defects in the rail head that are major causes of train accidents. Because of the high acoustic impedance mismatch between air and steel, the non-contact system poses severe challenges and questions on the defect detection performance. This article presents an extensive numerical study, conducted with a local interaction simulation approach, to model the ultrasound propagation and interaction with defects in the proposed system. This model was used to predict the expected detection performance of the system in the presence of various defects of different sizes and positions, and at varying levels of signal-to-noise ratios. When possible, operating variables for the model were chosen consistently with the field test of an experimental prototype that was conducted in 2014. The defect detection performance was evaluated through the computation of receiver operating characteristic curves in terms of probability of detection versus probability of false alarms. The study indicates that despite the challenges of non-contact probing of the rail, quite satisfactory inspection performance can be expected for a variety of defect types, sizes, and positions. Beyond the specific cases examined in this article, this numerical framework can also be used in the future to examine a larger variety of field test conditions.
Estimation of the anesthetic depth using wavelet analysis of electroencephalogram (2005)

This paper investigates the use of wavelet decomposition of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to assess the hypnotic state of anesthetized patients undergoing surgery. A single case study and a comparison with an existing monitor of hypnosis are presented. The proposed technique can differentiate clearly between the anesthetized state and the awake "baseline" state.
Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams (2000)

Abstract One promising approach for removing mercury from coalfired, utility flue gas involves the direct injection of mercury sorbents. Although this method has been effective at removing mercury in municipal waste incinerators, tests conducted to date on utility coal‐fired boilers show that mercury removal is much more difficult in utility flue gas. EPRI is conducting research to investigate mercury removal using sorbents in this application. Bench‐scale, pilot‐scale, and field tests have been conducted to determine the ability of different sorbents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams. This paper focuses on recent bench‐scale and field test results evaluating the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and fly ash and the use of these results to develop a predictive mercury removal model. Field tests with activated carbon show that adsorption characteristics measured in the lab agree reasonably well with characteristics measured in the field. However, more laboratory and field data will be needed to identify other gas phase components which may impact performance. This will allow laboratory tests to better simulate field conditions and pro vide improved estimates of sorbent performance for specific sites. In addition to activated carbon results, bench‐scale and modeling results using fly ash are presented which suggest that certain fly ashes are capable of adsorbing mercury.
Intestinal Proglucagon-Derived Peptides (1999)

The proglucagon gene is expressed in the pancreatic A cell, intestinal L cell, and selected neurons of the brain (1,2). Together, the A and L cells account for the vast majority of proglucagon gene expression, with approximately equal contributions by each tissue. However, within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, proglucagon gene expression increases along the aboral axis, with highest numbers of L cells in the distal ileum and colon (3,4). The products of proglucagon gene expression, known as the proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs), are generated with a high degree of tissue-specificity, and possess a remarkable diversity of physiological roles. The recent discoveries of novel biological activities of the intestinal PGDPs, including stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and of intestinal growth, have heightened interest in the physiology of these peptides. The purpose of this chapter is to review the diverse factors that regulate the tissue-specific synthesis and secretion of the intestinal PGDPs, as well as to discuss the biological activities of these interesting regulatory peptides.
A capsule conjugate vaccine approach to prevent diarrheal disease caused by<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2014)

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrheal disease and results in high levels of morbidity and economic loss in both industrialized and developing regions of the world. To date, prior vaccine approaches have failed to confer protection against this enteric pathogen. Key challenges to the development of a practical Campylobacter vaccine for human use include a lack of understanding of Campylobacter pathogenesis and well-defined immune correlates of protection. With the discovery that C. jejuni expresses a capsule polysaccharide associated with virulence, a conjugate vaccine approach is currently being evaluated. Conjugate vaccines have been successfully developed and implemented against other invasive mucosal pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Hemophilus influenzae. Furthermore, Shigella-based conjugate vaccines based on lipopolysaccharide have shown promising results in field trials. A prototype C. jejuni conjugate vaccine is currently entering human testing.
LiNbO3 and GaP Based Scalable Terahertz Pulse Sources in Reflection Geometry (2020)

New type of imaging-free terahertz sources were suggested. For pulse-front-tilting a periodic structure is created either on the back surface of the nonlinear crystal or in a nearby metal plate.
New piezoelectric transformer converter for AC-adapter (2002)

A new piezoelectric transformer (PT) converter which functions as an AC-adapter is proposed. The device's PT operates in longitudinal-vibration mode and features good isolation, incombustibility and compact size. The PT was implemented as a part of the new AC-adapter and a significant reduction in size was achieved as a result. Experimental evaluation of the new adapter confirms that good performance was successfully obtained in spite of the need to comply with strict safety and noise standards.
The Intervention of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Interactions Lead to the Disappearing of Virus Particles (2021)

In the context of plant-pathogen interaction, the application of nanoparticle technology and efficient transportation of substances, such as systemic AuNPs to the specific coupling of AuNPs and virus, provide novel solutions for the treatment of plants against the virus. The included data proved that AuNPs provide an efficient means to control virus infection in a fashion way with reducing collateral damage. The AuNPs assure fatal damage to the VLPs with low concentration using different AuNPs sizes. Synergistic therapeutic effects could lead to virus resistance.
Treatment of Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Increases the Concentration of Growth Hormone in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Affects Neurotransmitters (1995)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the effects of recombinant human growth hormone were studied on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), monoamine metabolites, neuropeptides and endogenous opioid peptides. Twenty patients, 10 patients in each of 2 groups, with adult-onset, growth hormone deficiency were treated for 1 month with recombinant human growth hormone (0.25 U/kg/week) or placebo. All the patients received the appropriate thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormone replacement. In cerebrospinal fluid, the mean concentration of growth hormone increased from 13.3 +/- 4.4 to 149.3 +/- 22.2 muU/l (p = 0.002), during recombinant human growth hormone treatment. The cerebrospinal fluid IGF-I concentration increased from 0.67 +/- 0.04 to 0.99 +/- 0.10 micrograms/l (p = 0.005) and the IGFBP-3 concentration rose from 13.4 +/- 1.25 to 17.5 +/- 1.83 micrograms/l (p = 0.002). The dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid decreased from 282.1 +/- 36.0 to 234.3 +/- 26.5 nmol/l (p = 0.02) and the vasoactive intestinal peptide decreased from 4.1 +/- 0.6 to 3.7 +/- 0.4 pmol/l (p = 0.03). Cerebrospinal fluid immunoreactive beta-endorphin increased from 24.4 +/- 1.8 to 29.9 +/- 2.1 pmol/l (p = 0.002). There were no significant changes compared to baseline in the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of enkephalins, dynorphin A, the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-ethyleneglycol, the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, somatostatin or corticotropin-releasing factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 4097: Small molecule mediated transcriptional derepression of E-cadherin and inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (2015)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Transcriptional repression of E-Cadherin is a hallmark of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and is associated with metastasis in cancer. Understanding mechanisms behind E-cadherin repression may provide important insights into the regulation of EMT and novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. In this report, we applied a medicinal chemistry approach to generate a novel EMT-reversing compound, ML327. We tested the hypothesis that ML327 activity impinges directly on the mechanism of EMT in cancer and represents a potential therapeutic agent to block or reverse EMT in vivo. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used cell based biochemical approaches to show that ML327 increases E-cadherin expression in 5 cancer cell lines and 2 non-transformed cell lines. ML327 was shown to induce global changes in histone modifications, but through a distinct mechanism than similar chemical agents such as Histone De-Acetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Cell based assays were used to show that ML327 inhibits cell invasion, partially reverses EMT, and inhibits metastasis in vivo. We examined gene expression changes induced by ML327 within 3 hrs in the presence of cycloheximide by RNA-seq and determined a mechanistic requirement for Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α) in ML327 activity on E-cadherin gene expression. Through direct testing, we have determined the ML327 is not a promiscuous chemical probe and that it lacks direct HDAC inhibitory and kinase inhibitory activity, however, our study is limited by the lack of identification of the direct cellular target. Significant ongoing studies are designed to address this limitation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: ML327 increases E-cadherin in cells and translate to an important biological behavior in vivo that may be exploited for therapeutic potential in cancer. Furthermore, ML327 represents a novel chemical structure for continued pharmacological optimization toward the development of novel therapeutics. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was supported by NIH through the Molecular Library Probe Center Network (MPLCN) under grant U54MH084659 to CWL. DISCLOSURE of POTENTIAL CONFLICT of INTEREST: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. DISCLOSURE of CHEMICAL STRUCTURES: Chemical compounds were used in this scientific work to generate the data, and the structures of the compounds will be disclosed at the time of presentation at the meeting. Citation Format: Hanbing An, Natasha Deane, Sydney Stoops, Jing Zhu, Alex Waterson, Andries Zijlstra, Craig Lindsley, Robert Daniel Beauchamp. Small molecule mediated transcriptional derepression of E-cadherin and inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4097. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4097
Spatial Resolution in NMR Imaging (1984)

NMR imaging is used as an example of how spatial resolution can be improved in a signal-to-noise (S/N) limited situation. The NMR imaging process consists of two components-generating the NMR signal and localizing it in space. This paper will show that spatial resolution not only aids in identifying small structures, but improves the detectability of larger features by preserving their object contrast.
Carbon nanotube sensors integrated inside a microfluidic channel for water quality monitoring (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with their unique electrical properties and large surface area are remarkable materials for detecting low concentration of toxic and hazardous chemicals (both from the gaseous and liquid phases). Ionic adsorbates in water will attach on to SWNTs and drastically alter their electrical properties. Several SWNTs based pH and chemical sensors have been demonstrated. However, most of them require external components to test and analyze the response of SWNTs to ions inside the liquid samples. Here, we report a water quality monitoring sensor composed of SWNTs integrated inside microfluidic channels and on-chip testing components with a wireless transmission board. To detect multiple analytes in water requires the functionalization of SWNTs with different chemistries. In addition, microfluidic channels are used to guide liquid samples to individual nanotube sensors in an efficient manner. Furthermore, the microfluidic system enables sample mixing and separation before testing. To realize the nanosensors, first microelectrodes were fabricated on an oxidized silicon substrate. Next, PDMS micro channels were fabricated and bonded on the substrate. These channels can be incorporated with a microfluidic system which can be designed to manipulate different analytes for specific molecule detection. Low temperature, solution based Dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly was conducted inside this microfluidic system which successfully bridged SWNTs between the microelectrodes. The SWNTs sensors were next characterized with different pH buffer solutions. The resistance of SWNTs had a linearly increase as the pH values ranged from 5 to 8. The nanosensor incorporated within the microfluidic system is a versatile platform and can be utilized to detect numerous water pollutants, including toxic organics and microorganisms down to low concentrations. On-chip processing and wireless transmission enables the realization of a full autonomous system for real time monitoring of water quality.
Uncertainty reduction in collaborative bootstrapping (2003)

This paper proposes the use of uncertainty reduction in machine learning methods such as co-training and bilingual boot-strapping, which are referred to, in a general term, as 'collaborative bootstrapping'. The paper indicates that uncertainty reduction is an important factor for enhancing the performance of collaborative bootstrapping. It proposes a new measure for representing the degree of uncertainty correlation of the two classifiers in collaborative bootstrapping and uses the measure in analysis of collaborative bootstrapping. Furthermore, it proposes a new algorithm of collaborative bootstrapping on the basis of uncertainty reduction. Experimental results have verified the correctness of the analysis and have demonstrated the significance of the new algorithm.
Chipless RFID tags based on metamaterial concepts (2017)

Tags for chipless radiofrequency identification (chipless-RFID) based on chains of identical S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs) are presented in this paper. The tag code is implemented by the presence or absence of resonant elements (S-SRRs) at predefined and equidistant positions. Tag reading is carried out by means of near-field coupling, by transversally displacing the chain of S-SRRs (tag) above a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. By injecting a carrier signal tuned to the frequency of the S-SRR, the amplitude of such signal is modulated by the presence/absence of S-SRRs in the code. Therefore, the tag ID code can be inferred from the envelope of the output signal. Through this sequential bit reading, the number of bits is only limited by the area occupied by the tag. Such tags are useful in applications where reading distance can be sacrificed in favor of data capacity (e.g. security and authentication of paper documents).
Micro and nano fabricated phononic crystals: technology and applications (2011)

With the application of microfabrication techniques, phononic crystals have been transformed over the past decade: from hand assembled millimeter-to-meter scale crystals consisting of metal balls in water or epoxy, to precisely machined crystals with sub-micron features operating at frequencies in excess of 1 GHz. This paper reviews the contributions of Sandia National Laboratories to micro and nano scale phononic crystal devices including: the integration of piezoelectric transducers, the choice of phononic crystal materials, phononic crystal design, and the application of phononic crystals to radio frequency and thermal management applications.
Utilization of fly ash in metallic composites (1996)

Fly ash particles have been successfully dispersed into aluminum alloy to make aluminum alloy-fly ash composites (Ashalloy) at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Additions of solid and hollow particles of fly ash reduce the cost and density of aluminum castings while increasing their performance. Ashalloy represents a candidate material for high value added use of fly ash, while reducing the disposal volumes of fly ash for the electric utility industry and making the US foundries more competitive. The fly ash particle distribution in the matrix aluminum alloy and the microstructure of aluminum-fly ash composite was determined. Selected properties of cast aluminum-fly ash composites are also presented in this paper. Mechanical properties of aluminum-fly ash composites show that the composite possesses higher hardness and higher elastic modulus compared to the matrix alloy. The flow behavior of molten aluminum-fly ash slurries along with the components cast in aluminum-fly ash composites will be presented. Fly ash containing metal components have potential applications in covers, shrouds, casings, manifolds, valve covers, garden furniture, engine blocks in automotive, small engine and electromechanical industry sector.
The Relationship between Population Structure and Aluminum Tolerance in Cultivated Sorghum (2011)

Six subpopulations were revealed featuring specific racial and geographic origins. Al tolerance was found to be rather rare and present primarily in guinea and to lesser extent in caudatum subpopulations. Alt(SB) was found to play a role in Al tolerance in most of the Al tolerant accessions. A striking variation was observed in the mode of gene action for the Al tolerance trait, which ranged from almost complete recessivity to near complete dominance, with a higher frequency of partially recessive sources of Al tolerance. A possible interpretation of our results concerning the origin and evolution of Al tolerance in cultivated sorghum is discussed. This study demonstrates the importance of deeply exploring the crop diversity reservoir both for a comprehensive view of the dynamics underlying the distribution and function of Al tolerance genes and to design efficient molecular breeding strategies aimed at enhancing Al tolerance.
Building a Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer Using Concatenated Cat Codes (2022)

An architectural analysis for a fault-tolerant quantum computer is thoroughly presented: With 1,000 superconducting circuit components, problems currently intractable for classical computers could be solved.