gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security vulnerability verification through contract-based assertion monitoring at runtime (2017)

In this dissertation we seek to identify ways in which the systems development life cycle (SDLC) can be augmented with improved software engineering practices to measurably address security concerns that have arisen relating to security vulnerability defects in software. By proposing a general model for identifying potential vulnerabilities (weaknesses) and using runtime monitoring for verifying their reachability and exploitability during development and testing reduces security risk in delivered products.\n\nWe propose a form of contract for our monitoring framework that is used to specify the environmental and system security conditions necessary for the generation of probes that monitor security assertions during runtime to verify suspected vulnerabilities. Our assertion-based security monitoring framework, based on contracts and probes, known as the Contract-Based Security Assertion Monitoring Framework (CB_SAMF) can be employed for verifying and reacting to suspected vulnerabilities in the application and kernel layers of the Linux operating system. Our methodology for integrating CB_SAMF into SDLC during development and testing to verify suspected vulnerabilities reduces the human effort by allowing developers to focus on fixing verified vulnerabilities. Metrics intended for the weighting, prioritizing, establishing confidence, and detectability of potential vulnerability categories are also introduced. These metrics and weighting approaches identify deficiencies in security assurance programs/products and also help focus resources towards a class of suspected vulnerabilities, or a detection method, which may presently be outside of the requirements and priorities of the system.\n\nOur empirical evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of using contracts to verify exploitability of suspected vulnerabilities across five input validation related vulnerability types, combining our contracts with existing static analysis detection mechanisms, and measurably improving security assurance processes/products used in an enhanced SDLC. As a result of this evaluation we introduced two new security assurance test suites, through collaborations with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), replacing existing test suites. The new and revised test cases provide numerous improvements to consistency, accuracy, and preciseness along with enhanced test case metadata to aid researchers using the Software Assurance Reference Dataset (SARD).
Carbon Nanotube Sheet-Synthesis and Applications (2020)

Decades of extensive research have matured the development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Still, the properties of macroscale assemblages, such as sheets of carbon nanotubes, are not good enough to satisfy many applications. This paper gives an overview of different approaches to synthesize CNTs and then focuses on the floating catalyst method to form CNT sheets. A method is also described in this paper to modify the properties of macroscale carbon nanotube sheets produced by the floating catalyst method. The CNT sheet is modified to form a carbon nanotube hybrid (CNTH) sheet by incorporating metal, ceramic, or other types of nanoparticles into the high-temperature synthesis process to improve and customize the properties of the traditional nanotube sheet. This paper also discusses manufacturing obstacles and the possible commercial applications of the CNT sheet and CNTH sheet. Manufacturing problems include the difficulty of injecting dry nanoparticles uniformly, increasing the output of the process to reduce cost, and safely handling the hydrogen gas generated in the process. Applications for CNT sheet include air and water filtering, energy storage applications, and compositing CNTH sheets to produce apparel with anti-microbial properties to protect the population from infectious diseases. The paper also provides an outlook towards large scale commercialization of CNT material.
Validity Of Sleep Nasendoscopy in the Investigation of Sleep Related Breathing Disorders (2005)

None of the patients in the asymptomatic group snored or obstructed at any level of propofol, and this was clearly significant on comparison with the symptomatic group (P < .001). All of the symptomatic patients were induced to become symptomatic (snoring/obstruction).
Forecasting Interactive Dynamics of Pedestrians with Fictitious Play (2017)

We develop predictive models of pedestrian dynamics by encoding the coupled nature of multi-pedestrian interaction using game theory and deep learning-based visual analysis to estimate person-specific behavior parameters. We focus on predictive models since they are important for developing interactive autonomous systems (e.g., autonomous cars, home robots, smart homes) that can understand different human behavior and pre-emptively respond to future human actions. Building predictive models for multi-pedestrian interactions however, is very challenging due to two reasons: (1) the dynamics of interaction are complex interdependent processes, where the decision of one person can affect others, and (2) dynamics are variable, where each person may behave differently (e.g., an older person may walk slowly while the younger person may walk faster). To address these challenges, we utilize concepts from game theory to model the intertwined decision making process of multiple pedestrians and use visual classifiers to learn a mapping from pedestrian appearance to behavior parameters. We evaluate our proposed model on several public multiple pedestrian interaction video datasets. Results show that our strategic planning model predicts and explains human interactions 25% better when compared to a state-of-the-art activity forecasting method.
Self-Tuning Electrostatic Energy-Harvester IC (2010)

Miniature self-powered systems like wireless microsensors that rely only on easily exhaustible tiny in-package batteries suffer from short lifetimes. Harvesters, however, extend life by replenishing consumed energy with energy from the environment. The problem is harvesters generate considerably low power so producing a net gain with which to recharge a battery requires ultra low-energy circuits. This brief presents a 1.5 x1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 0.7-μm BiCMOS self-tuning electrostatic energy-harvester integrated circuit (IC) that adapts to changing battery voltages (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BAT</sub> ) to produce usable power from vibrations across V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BAT</sub> 's entire operating range. The prototype holds C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VAR</sub> 's voltage so that kinetic energy in vibrations can generate and steer current into the battery when capacitance decreases. Unlike in [13], the inductor-based precharger that charges C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VAR</sub> to V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BAT</sub> adapts to a constantly shifting V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BAT</sub> target. Collectively, the precharger and its self-tuning reference, system monitors, and other control circuits draw sufficient power to operate yet dissipate low enough energy to yield a net gain. Experimentally, the harvester IC generates 1.93, 2.43, and 3.89 nJ per vibration cycle at battery voltages 2.7, 3.5, and 4.2 V, which at 30 Hz produce 57.89, 73.02, and 116.55 nW. Accordingly, the system charges 1 μF from 2.7 to 4.2 V (a thin-film lithium-ion range) in 69 s and harnesses 47.9% more energy than with a fixed reference in the same time frame.
[Research on agents with antineoplastic activity. LXIII. Anthramycin and analogous compounds. X. Synthesis of 11-phenyl-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepine derivatives]. (1979)

Reaction between arolychlorides and 1-(2-aminobenzyl)-2-cyanopyrrole afforded the corresponding aroylamides, which were transformed by intramolecular cyclization into 11-aryl-3-cyano-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepines. Hydrolysis of cyanoderivatives furnished the corresponding amides or acids depending on the reaction conditions. Decarboxylation and reduction of some derivatives to afford 11-aryl-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepines and 11-aryl-3-cyano-10,11-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c] [1,4] benzodiazepines are described.
A Spectral Analysis of the Masuda Flare Using<i>Yohkoh</i>Hard X‐Ray Telescope Pixon Reconstruction (1997)

Masuda's discovery of a compact hard X-ray impulsive source at the apex of a flaring coronal loop has received a great deal of recent attention in the solar physics community. The Masuda flare, which occurred on 1992 January 13, exhibited evidence of energy deposition in a compact region some distance above the soft X-ray loop, suggesting, to some authors, a flare process similar to the classical model for two-ribbon flares proposed by Shibata et al. These conclusions were made on the basis of a maximum entropy method (MEM) reconstruction of the Yohkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) observations. Recently, a new approach has been developed for reconstructing the spatial information from the HXT: that of pixon reconstruction, proposed by Metcalf et al.
Multi‐Mode Switching Based on Dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene Photochromism: Synergism of Photochromism and Redox Switching in Heteroaryl‐Functionalized Systems (1996)

Abstract The syntheses of the dihydroazulenes (DHAs) DHA‐a‐DHA‐f containing covalently linked heteroaromatic subunits derived from dibenzodioxin, thianthrene, phenoxathiine, N ‐methylphenothiazine, N ‐methylphenoxazine, and N,N′ ‐dimethylphenazine groups are described, and their spectroscopic and analytical data are reported. The dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photochromism (photochemical forward and thermal back reaction) depends with high sensitivity on the electronic properties of the functional groups. Whereas the dimethylphenazine derivative DHA‐f is photochemically inactive towards rearrangement, all other DHAs ( DHA‐a‐DHA‐e ) were found to isomerize to the corresponding vinylheptafulvene forms under irradiation. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the DHA and the VHP forms have significantly different oxidation and reduction waves. The products of the‐oxidative one‐electron transfer are characterized by UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry. Those DHAs having weaker donor substituents ( DHA‐a‐DHA‐c ) undergo oxidative dimerization whereas DHAs with stronger donating heterocyclic subunits ( DHA‐d‐DHA‐f ) form stable radical cations.
Towards Solar Fuels from Water and CO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

Solar fuels from water and CO2 are a topic of current large scientific and industrial interest. Research advances on bioroutes, concentrated solar thermal and low-temperature conversion using semiconductors and a photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) approach, are critically discussed and compared in an attempt to define challenges and current limits and to identify the priorities on which focus research and development (R&D). The need to produce fuels that are easy to transport and store, which can be integrated into the existing energy infrastructure, is emphasized. The role of solar fuels produced from CO2 in comparison with solar H2 is analyzed. Solar fuels are complementary to solar to electrical energy conversion, but they still need intensified R&D before possible commercialization.
MicroRNA-210: A unique and pleiotropic hypoxamir (2010)

Inadequate oxygen availability or hypoxia induces a complex and still incompletely understood set of adaptations that influence cellular survival and function. Many of these adaptations are directly controlled by a master transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor-alpha (HIF-α). In response to hypoxia, HIF-α levels increase and directly induce the transcription of > 100 genes, influencing functions ranging from metabolism, survival, proliferation, migration, to angiogenesis, among others. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a specific set of microRNA molecules are upregulated by hypoxia, which we denote here as "hypoxamirs." In particular, the HIF-responsive hypoxamir microRNA-210 (miR-210) is a unique microRNA that is evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed in hypoxic cell and tissue types. A number of direct targets of miR-210 have been identified by in silico, transcriptional, and biochemical methods, a subset of which have been extensively validated. As a result, miR-210 has been mechanistically linked to the control of a wide range of cellular responses known to influence normal developmental physiology as well as a number of hypoxia-dependent disease states, including tissue ischemia, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Thus, reflecting the pleiotropic actions of HIF-α, miR-210 appears to function as a "master microRNA" relevant for the control of diverse functions in the hypoxic state.
Fusion of Infrared and Visible Images for Robust Person Detection (2011)

In the current context of increased surveillance and security, more sophisticated and robust surveillance systems are needed. One idea relies on the use of pairs of video (visible spectrum) and thermal infrared (IR) cameras located around premises of interest. To automate the system, a robust person detection algorithm and the development of an efficient technique enabling the fusion of the information provided by the two sensors becomes necessary and these are described in this chapter. Recently, multi-sensor based image fusion system is a challenging task and fundamental to several modern day image processing applications, such as security systems, defence applications, and intelligent machines. Image fusion techniques have been actively investigated and have wide application in various fields. It is often a vital pre-processing procedure to many computer vision and image processing tasks which are dependent on the acquisition of imaging data via sensors, such as IR and visible. One such task is that of human detection. To detect humans with an artificial system is difficult for a number of reasons as shown in Figure The main challenge for a vision-based pedestrian detector is the high degree of variability with the human appearance due to articulated motion, body size, partial occlusion, inconsistent cloth texture, highly cluttered backgrounds and changing lighting conditions.
RsaL, a Novel Repressor of Virulence Gene Expression in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1999)

As components of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing system, LasR and PAI-1 globally regulate expression of multiple virulence determinants, as well as the second P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing system. To date, no information exists on negative regulation of the quorum-sensing cascade in P. aeruginosa. Here we describe a novel gene, rsaL, which is located downstream from lasR and transcribed antisense relative to lasR. In P. aeruginosa, overexpression of rsaL results in reduced lasB expression and decreased elastase activity. With the use of a six-His protein fusion system, we demonstrate that rsaL encodes an 11-kDa protein. Direct quantitation of PAI-1 levels in cultures and studies utilizing Escherichia coli lambda lysogens carrying lacZ transcriptional fusions reveal that RsaL specifically represses transcription of the PAI-1 autoinducer synthase gene, lasI. RsaL's repressive effect on lasI and the associated decrease in elastase activity have important implications for the expression of all LasR-PAI-1-dependent virulence genes and the overall pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa.
Characterization of glycosylated Gag expressed by a neurovirulent murine leukemia virus: identification of differences in processing in vitro and in vivo (1997)

The neuroinvasiveness of a chimeric murine retrovirus, CasFrKP (KP), is dependent on the expression of glycosylated Gag (gp85gag). This viral protein is the product of alternate translation initiation 88 codons upstream of and in frame with the initiation codon of pr65gag, the precursor of the viral core proteins. Although expression of glycosylated Gag affects virus spread in the spleen, it appears not to affect virus spread in vitro in fibroblast cell lines (J. L. Portis et al., J. Virol. 68:3879-3887, 1994). The differential effects of this protein in vitro and in vivo have not been explained, and its function is unknown. We have here compared the in vitro processing of this molecule with that expressed in spleens of infected mice. In vitro, gp85gag was cleaved near the middle of the molecule, releasing the C-terminal half (containing capsid and nucleocapsid domains of pr65gag) as a secreted glycoprotein. The N-terminal half of the protein was associated with the plasma membrane as a approximately 55-kDa glycoprotein bearing the matrix domain of pr65gag as well as the N-terminal 88 residue L domain. This processing scheme was also observed in vivo, although two differences were seen. There were differences in N-linked glycosylation of the secreted form of the protein expressed in the spleen. In addition, whereas the membrane-associated species assumed the orientation of a type II integral membrane protein (N(cyto) C(exo)) in fibroblasts in vitro, a subpopulation of spleen cells was detected in which the N terminus of the protein was exposed at the cell surface. These results suggest that the differential effects of glycosylated Gag expression in vivo and in vitro may be related to differences in posttranslational processing of the protein.
Crowdsourced indoor localization for diverse devices through radiomap fusion (2013)

Crowdsourcing is an emerging field that allows to tackle difficult problems by soliciting contributions from common people, rather than trained professionals. In the post-pc era, where smartphones dominate the personal computing market offering both constant mobility and large amounts of spatiotemporal sensory data, crowdsourcing is becoming increasingly popular. In this context, crowdsourcing stands as the only viable solution for collecting the large amount of location-related network data required to support location-based services, e.g., the signal strength radiomap of a fingerprinting localization system inside a multi-floor building. However, this benefit does not come for free, because crowdsourcing also poses new challenges in radiomap creation. We focus on the problem of device diversity that occurs frequently as the contributors usually carry heterogeneous mobile devices that report network measurements very differently. We demonstrate with simulations and experimental results that the traditional signal strength values from the surrounding network infrastructure are not suitable for crowdsourcing the radiomap. Moreover, we present an alternative approach, based on signal strength differences, that is far more robust to device variations and maintains the localization accuracy regardless of the number of contributing devices.
Bifunctional ITO layer with a high resolution, surface nano-pattern for alignment and switching of LCs in device applications (2012)

We describe a novel method for liquid crystal (LC) alignment using nano-patterns of electrically conductive indium–tin oxide (ITO) layers with high resolution (ca< 20 nm) and high aspect ratio (ca 10), fabricated based on the secondary sputtering phenomenon. The ITO pattern developed in this manner not only provides high anchoring energy comparable to that of rubbed polyimides, but also maintains its low resistivity as an electrode. As a result, the patterned ITO can function as an electrode and alignment layer at the same time, which facilitates successful fabrication of bifunctional conductive alignment layer for LC devices. The LC cells fabricated using patterned ITO substrates show highly stable alignment of LCs over large area and good electro-optical responses. Moreover, systematic approach made by the precise control of pattern dimensions allows us to estimate a critical anchoring energy required for an effective LC alignment based on Berreman's theory. Hee-Tae Jung, Shin-Woong Kang and co-workers have devised an efficient way to prepare liquid-crystal devices. These devices comprise a layer of liquid crystals – molecules that flow as in a liquid state yet can be aligned over large areas in a crystalline manner – sandwiched between two electrodes. Controlling the orientation of the liquid crystals can be used to modulate light, but this is usually achieved through additional components or processing steps. Relying on a lithographic technique, the researchers have now used ion bombardment and a mould material to create stripes on the surface of an electrically conductive indium tin oxide surface. The resulting material is bifunctional, serving as both an electrode and a way to control the alignment of the liquid crystals over large domains. Devices constructed using indium tin oxide patterned in this way have shown good electro-optical properties, making this technique promising for practical applications. We describe a novel method for liquid crystal (LC) alignment using nano-patterns of electrically conductive indium–tin oxide (ITO) layers with high resolution (ca<20 nm) and high aspect ratio (ca 8), fabricated based on the secondary sputtering phenomenon. The ITO pattern developed in this manner can function as an electrode and alignment layer at the same time, which facilitates successful fabrication of bifunctional conductive alignment layer for LC devices.
Gelatin nanoencapsulation of protein/peptide drugs using an emulsifier-free emulsion method (1998)

The nanoencapsulation of a model protein drug, bovine serum albumin (BSA), using gelatin as the matrix material is reported. Nanoencapsulation was conducted using a modified water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion method, which is emulsifier-free and simple. The nanoencapsulation product, BSA-containing gelatin nanoparticles, is characterized in terms of nanoparticle morphology, size and size distribution, water content, and in vitro protein release. The BSA-containing gelatin nanoparticles obtained from this nanoencapsulation process are nearly spherical and have a log-normal size distribution. The average diameter of the BSA-containing gelatin nanoparticles is approximately 840 nm. They can absorb 51-72% of water. In vitro release experiments demonstrate that BSA has been successfully encapsulated in, and can be released from the gelatin nanoparticles. The release of BSA from the gelatin nanoparticulate matrix follows a diffusion-controlled release mechanism. It is found that temperature affects both the water content and the BSA release rate of the gelatin nanoparticles.
Numerical studies of the spectrum of low-intensity ultrasound scattered by bubbles (1985)

The magnitude of the nonlinear effect in the scattering of ultrasound by nitrogen bubbles in water is examined numerically, for ultrasonic frequencies and amplitudes typical of diagnostic medical devices, to determine the suitability of this effect for the detection of bubbles in blood or tissue for application in decompression research. Numerical solutions of the modified ‘‘Rayleigh’’ equation, including the effects of acoustic, thermal, and viscous damping, and the dependence of the polytropic exponent on frequency are presented for pulsed ultrasound. For the chosen conditions, it is shown that nonlinear scattering is significant only for the population of bubbles which are smaller than, or close to, resonance size, and primarily for those bubbles that are one-half resonance size.
Platelet Dense-Granule Secretion Plays a Critical Role in Thrombosis and Subsequent Vascular Remodeling in Atherosclerotic Mice (2009)

In atherosclerotic mice, reduced platelet dense-granule secretion is associated with marked protection against the development of arterial thrombosis, inflammation, and neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.