gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equalization in Amplified WDM Lightwave Systems (1992)

One of the major remaining problems in implementing amplified WDM lightwave systems is "gain equalization". Because of the nonuniform wavelength-dependent gain profile and saturation characteristics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, each channel in a WDM system will experience different optical gain. In long amplified systems this leads to unacceptable bitenorrate (BER) performance of some channels. We describe techniques to equalize either the optical powers or the optical signal-to-noise ratios of WDM channels in amplified systems. No new optical components and no upgrades or adjustments are required at the intermediate amplifier sites.
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Single Line to Ground Fault Locator for Distribution Feeders (2019)

Power quality disturbances became a major issue in modern commercial distribution grids; hence, an innovative attempt to diagnose the faults is necessary for their optimal management. This paper presents a hybrid approach using Stockwell Transform (ST) and Machine Learning Techniques (MLT) to detect, classify and locate the single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults in a modeled distribution feeder to a laboratory scale. The three-phase current signals are processed with ST to extract useful features whereas the Machine Learning Techniques (MLT) including the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP-NN) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) were employed to diagnose the SLG faults based on the extracted features. The presented results proven to be highly satisfactory for the proposed hybrid SLG fault diagnosis methodology under the presence of measurement noise and load demand uncertainties.
Easy-setup clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter (2014)

A clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter is the only flowmeter that can be installed on existing pipelines without draining and plumbing. In conventional clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters, the relative position of transducers depends heavily on the properties of the pipe on which the transducers are mounted. It takes a high engineering cost at the time of installation because a specialized engineer is needed to align the position of the transducers and input pipe properties. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose a new type of clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter with opposing transducers configuration to reduce engineering cost during the installation by eliminating the location alignment of transducers, and show flow velocity measurement results at various pipe diameters with ±6% accuracy. Additionally, we show the measurement results of the pipe diameter from the received signal and suggest the possibility for the automatic measurement of pipe properties.
Response of a MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) directional microphone diaphragm with active Q control. (2010)

Measured results are presented that demonstrate the use of proportional and derivative electronic feedback to improve the performance of a directional microphone. The microphone diaphragm consists of a 1 × 2 mm stiffened plate fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon that is supported on a central hinge. The sound pressure gradient incident on the diaphragm produces a rocking motion about the central hinge. Interdigitated comb fingers at each end of the diaphragm enable both capacitive sensing and electrostatic actuation. The sound pressure gradient near the diaphragm has been measured by numerically differentiating the pressure measured by a probe microphone at locations around the diaphragm. The sound-induced motion of the diaphragm was measured using a laser vibrometer. From these measurements, estimates of the mechanical parameters of the diaphragm were obtained. By applying a known quasi-static voltage across the interdigitated fingers and measuring the resulting diaphragm deflection, an estimate for the derivative of the capacitance with respect to the displacement is obtained for the comb fingers of the diaphragm. Using these experimentally determined parameters and a linearized dynamic model of the system, the measured response of the microphone system with feedback is accurately predicted. [Work funded by NIH Grant R01 DC009429.]
54) METHOD FOR RESOURCE CONTROL IN PARALLEL ENVIRONMENTS USING TIME SUPPORT PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND RUN (2001)

ABSTRACT Asystem and method for dynamic scheduling and allocation of resources to parallel applications during the course their execution. By establishing well-defined interactions between an executing job and the parallel system, the system and method support dynamic reconfiguration of processor partitions, dynamic distribution and redistribution of data, communication among cooperating applications, and vari- ous other monitoring actions. The interactions occur only at specific points in the execution of the program where the aforementioned operations can be performed efficiently. 1993, pp 160-169.* 12 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets ~316 ’ 1 PROGRAM SPECIFIC INPUT / INPUT FROM OTHER PROGRAM SEGMENTS I PROGRAM INPUT PARAMETERS IS I RESOURCE LEVEL SPEC I FIC ATlON VIA USER INTERACTION PARALLEL APPLICATION CODE INITIALIZATION OF PROGRAM SEGMENT CONTROL RSM CONTROLLING AND STEERJNG LOGIC PROGRAM SEGMENT CONTROL INITIALIZATION OF CONTROL LOGIC VARl BLES .. VARIABLES PROGRAM CONSTRUCTS (INCLUDES APP LIC ATlON CODE)
Combining Confidence Scores with Contextual Features for Robust Multi-Device Dialogue (2005)

We present an approach to multi-device dialogue that evaluates and selects amongst candidate dialogue moves based on features at multiple levels. Multiple sources of information can be combined, multiple speech recognition and parsing hypotheses tested, and multiple devices and moves considered to choose the highest scoring hypothesis overall. The approach has the added benefit of potentially re-ordering n-best lists of inputs, effectively correcting errors in speech recognition or parsing. A current application includes conversational interaction with a collection of in-car devices. 1
Fluorine-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]Pyrimidine Analogues with Tumor Targeting via Cellular Uptake by Folate Receptor α and the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter and Inhibition of<i>de Novo</i>Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis (2018)

Novel fluorinated 2-amino-4-oxo-6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine analogues 7-12 were synthesized and tested for selective cellular uptake by folate receptors (FRs) α and β or the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) and for antitumor efficacy. Compounds 8, 9, 11, and 12 showed increased in vitro antiproliferative activities (∼11-fold) over the nonfluorinated analogues 2, 3, 5, and 6 toward engineered Chinese hamster ovary and HeLa cells expressing FRs or PCFT. Compounds 8, 9, 11, and 12 also inhibited proliferation of IGROV1 and A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells; in IGROV1 cells with knockdown of FRα, 9, 11, and 12 showed sustained inhibition associated with uptake by PCFT. All compounds inhibited glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, a key enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. Molecular modeling studies validated in vitro cell-based results. NMR evidence supports the presence of an intramolecular fluorine-hydrogen bond. Potent in vivo efficacy of 11 was established with IGROV1 xenografts in severe compromised immunodeficient mice.
A Proxy Signature-Based Drone Authentication in 5G D2D Networks (2021)

5G is the beginning of a new era in cellular communication, bringing up a highly connected network with the incorporation of the Internet of Things (IoT). To flexibly operate all the IoT devices over a cellular network, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication standard was developed. However, IoT devices such as drones utilizing 5G D2D services could be a perfect target for malicious attacks as they pose several safety threats if they are compromised. Furthermore, there will be heavy traffic with an increased number of IoT devices connected to the 5G core. Therefore, we propose a lightweight, fast, and reliable authentication mechanism compatible with the 5G D2D ProSe standard mechanisms. Specifically, we propose a distributed authentication with a delegation-based scheme instead of the repeated access to the 5G core network key management functions. Hence, a legitimate drone is authorized by the core network via offering a proxy signature to authenticate itself to other drones. We implemented the proposed protocol in ns-3 that supports 5G D2D-based communication. We also conducted computational calculations on the RaspberryPi3 IoT device to mimic the drone calculation process and delays. The results demonstrate that the proposed protocol is lightweight and reliable.
A Novel Passive RFID Temperature Sensor (2018)

A novel passive RFID temperature sensor is proposed in this paper. The sensor utilizes an integrated T -match network (TMN) for matching the antenna to the RFID IC. Furthermore., the sensor detects changes in temperature by shifting its operating frequency. The frequency shifts are accomplished by a 3D printed liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) array that can reversibly actuate depending on the temperature to move the antenna and change its distance from the ground plane.
Two year persistent treatment effect in reducing nasal symptoms of cat allergy after 4 doses of Cat‐PAD, the first in a new class of synthetic peptide immuno‐regulatory epitopes (2013)

Treatment with Cat-PAD (also known as ToleroMune® Cat, the first in a new class of synthetic peptide immuno-regulatory epitopes), in an Environmental Exposure Chamber (EEC) model of cat allergy showed a persistent treatment effect one year [1] and two years [2] after administration of only 4 injections over 12 weeks. Here we report the differences in Total Nasal Symptom Scores (TNSS) between Cat-PAD treatment arms and placebo two years after treatment started. Originally 202 subjects were randomised to 4x6nmol Cat-PAD 4 weeks (wk) apart, 8x3nmol Cat-PAD 2wk apart, or placebo. EEC challenges were performed at baseline and 18-22wk. 89 subjects were recruited into a follow-on study one year after the start of treatment. Of the subjects who completed the one year EEC challenge, 50 subjects were recruited for a further EEC challenge 100-104wk after the start of treatment. All EEC challenges consisted of 4 consecutive days of 3 hours (h) of allergen exposure with Fel d1 levels of circa 50 ng/m3. The 4 day challenge was designed to ensure late phase responses were present in the nasal airway. Subjects scored each of 4 symptoms (Running nose; Sneezing; Blocked nose; Itchy nose) on a scale of 0-3 every 30 minutes during the EEC challenge. These scores were summed to give a TNSS on a scale of 0-12. The least squares (LS) mean TNSS was significantly lower (p <0.05) for 4x6nmol Cat-PAD vs placebo at the following EEC challenge: Day 1 at 2h and 2.5h; Day 2 at 2h, 2.5h and 3h; Day 3 at 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h and 3h. On Day 4 of EEC Challenge, when the cumulative allergen challenge is greatest and late phase responses in the nose are likely to be maximal, LS mean TNSS was significantly lower for 4x6nmol Cat-PAD vs placebo at 2h (4.818 vs 7.762, p=0.0090), 2.5h (5.091 vs 7.667, p=0.0290) and 3h (4.818 vs 7.952, p=0.0080) time points. No significant reductions in LS mean TNSS were observed for 8x3nmol Cat-PAD vs placebo. Treatment with 4 injections of 6nmol Cat-PAD over 12wk showed a substantial reduction in patients' TNSS that persisted two years after starting treatment. The treatment effect is substantial under conditions where late phase responses are expected to be present in the nasal airway. Cat-PAD is the first in a new class of synthetic peptide immuno-regulatory epitopes and may confer long-term disease-modification in chronic nasal airway disease due to cat allergy.
Discovery of mammalian genes that participate in virus infection (2004)

Tagged sequence mutagenesis provides a rapid, genome-wide strategy to identify candidate cellular genes required for virus infection. The candidate genes provide a starting point for mechanistic studies of cellular processes that participate in the virus lifecycle and may provide targets for novel anti-viral therapies.
Recursive photoalignment for single-shot large-area processing with micrometer scale details (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Patterning the surface alignment in liquid crystal devices is a highly effective strategy to realize additional functionalities to the liquid crystal electro-optic devices. One example is a switchable diffractive optical device that utilizes polarization/phase grating structures imprinted on the alignment surface. When it is working in the Pancharatnam-Berry phase mode, it is possible to realize a perfect beam diffraction without the loss of energy into higher order diffractions. In order to apply this attractive technology to a practical device, a drawback often encountered is the low throughput of the fabrication of such fine patterns with a spatial resolution comparable to the light wavelength, irrespective of the fabrication techniques employed. The purpose of this presentation is to describe an efficient scheme for fabricating fine polarization patterns over a large area based on the unique property of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase itself. We refer this scheme as “recursive photoalignment,” since the photoaligned pattern is used as the photomask for the subsequent photoalignment step; each step of photoalignment in this way allows us to prepare an enlarged pattern by a linear factor of 2, while maintaining the pattern resolution always the same as the original pattern. We demonstrated the feasibility of this technique by fabricating a 50mmX50mm photoalignment pattern with a finest resolution of a few micrometers, starting from a 2mmX2mm master pattern fabricated by a DMD-based maskless photoalignment processor. Although there are certain limitations on the type of pattern for this method to work, it also opens up a new opportunity to synthesize large area-fine resolution patterns from a less technically demanding photoalignment pattern.
Possible Role for Vascular Cell Proliferation in Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2003)

Vascular mitogens are increased in the CSF of patients after SAH. Proliferation of cells in the vascular wall is associated with perivascular thrombus. Cellular proliferation and subsequent vessel wall thickening may contribute to the syndrome of delayed cerebral vasospasm.
ISMRM workshop on fat–water separation: Insights, applications and progress in MRI (2012)

Approximately 130 attendees convened on February 19-22, 2012 for the first ISMRM-sponsored workshop on water-fat imaging. The motivation to host this meeting was driven by the increasing number of research publications on this topic over the past decade. The scientific program included an historical perspective and a discussion of the clinical relevance of water-fat MRI, a technical description of multiecho pulse sequences, a review of data acquisition and reconstruction algorithms, a summary of the confounding factors that influence quantitative fat measurements and the importance of MRI-based biomarkers, a description of applications in the heart, liver, pancreas, abdomen, spine, pelvis, and muscles, an overview of the implications of fat in diabetes and obesity, a discussion on MR spectroscopy, a review of childhood obesity, the efficacy of lifestyle interventional studies, and the role of brown adipose tissue, and an outlook on federal funding opportunities from the National Institutes of Health.
Continuous self-calibration canceling drive-induced errors in MEMS vibratory gyroscopes (2015)

We report a system for simultaneous rate readout and drift cancellation for MEMS vibratory gyroscopes without significantly affecting the sensor noise or bandwidth. The drift cancellation is accomplished by periodically reversing polarity of the gyroscope's forcing voltage. As opposed to the state-of-the-art methods, our self-calibration does not interrupt normal gyroscope operation nor require a symmetric sensor. The proposed here self-calibration has enabled a five-fold reduction of the output drift (rate random walk) for ADXRS800 iMEMS gyroscope with a quadruple mass architecture.
Modeling and Analysis of Multichannel P2P Live Video Systems (2010)

In recent years, there have been several large-scale deployments of P2P live video systems. Existing and future P2P live video systems will offer a large number of channels, with users switching frequently among the channels. In this paper, we develop infinite-server queueing network models to analytically study the performance of multichannel P2P live video systems. Our models capture essential aspects of multichannel video systems, including peer channel switching, peer churn, peer bandwidth heterogeneity, and Zipf-like channel popularity. We apply the queueing network models to two P2P streaming designs: the isolated channel design (ISO) and the View-Upload Decoupling (VUD) design. For both of these designs, we develop efficient algorithms to calculate critical performance measures, develop an asymptotic theory to provide closed-form results when the number of peers approaches infinity, and derive near-optimal provisioning rules for assigning peers to groups in VUD. We use the analytical results to compare VUD with ISO. We show that VUD design generally performs significantly better, particularly for systems with heterogeneous channel popularities and streaming rates.
Abstract 4185: miR-129 is a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by regulating apoptosis and modulating fluropyrimidine based chemosensitivity. (2013)

Abstract Resistance to fluoropyrimidine based chemotherapy is the major reason for the failure of treating advanced colorectal cancer. The lack of ability for tumor cells to undergo apoptosis after genotoxic stress is the key contributor to such intrinsic mechanism. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression, in particular, under acute stress. However, there is still very limited knowledge about the role of miRNAs in apoptosis. In this study, we discovered a novel mechanism mediated by miR-129 directly inducing apoptosis by suppressing a key anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Ectopic expression of miR-129 promotes apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation and causes G2-cell-cycle arrest in colon cancer cells in vitro. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway triggered by miR-129 is activated by cleaving caspase-9 and caspase-3. The expression of miR-129 is very significantly down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissue specimens compared with the paired normal control samples (p&lt;0.00001). More importantly, we demonstrated that miR-129 functions synergistically with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and in vivo to enhance 5-FU cytotoxicity. These results suggest that miR-129 is a major regulator of apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Therefore, miR-129 may be a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer and a novel candidate for developing miR-129 based therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Mihriban Karaayvaz, Haiyan Zhai, Jingfang Ju. miR-129 is a potential tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by regulating apoptosis and modulating fluropyrimidine based chemosensitivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4185. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4185
Expression of Active Subunit of Nitrogenase via Integration into Plant Organelle Genome (2016)

Nitrogen availability is crucial for crop yield with nitrogen fertilizer accounting for a large percentage of farmers' expenses. However, an untimely or excessive application of fertilizer can increase risks of negative environmental effects. These factors, along with the environmental and energy costs of synthesizing nitrogen fertilizer, led us to seek out novel biotechnology-driven approaches to supply nitrogen to plants. The strategy we focused on involves transgenic expression of nitrogenase, a bacterial multi-subunit enzyme that can capture atmospheric nitrogen. Here we report expression of the active Fe subunit of nitrogenase via integration into the tobacco plastid genome of bacterial gene sequences modified for expression in plastid. Our study suggests that it will be possible to engineer plants that are able to produce their own nitrogen fertilizer by expressing nitrogenase genes in plant plastids.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Superestrogen (<i>E</i>)-17-Oximino-3-<i>O</i>-sulfamoyl-1,3,5(10)-estratriene:  X-ray Crystal Structure of (<i>E</i>)-17-Oximino-3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene (1999)

Steroid sulfatases regulate the formation of estrogenic steroids which can support the growth of endocrine-dependent breast tumors. Therefore, the development of potent steroid sulfatase inhibitors could have considerable therapeutic potential. Several such inhibitors have now been developed including estrone 3-O-sulfamate (EMATE, 1), which shows potent active site-directed inhibition. However, EMATE was subsequently shown to be also a potent estrogen. In an attempt to reduce the estrogenicity while retaining the potent sulfatase inhibitory properties associated with this type of molecule, (E)-17-oximino-3-O-sulfamoyl-1,3,5(10)-estratriene (5) (estrone oxime 3-O-sulfamate, OMATE) was synthesized. The X-ray crystal structure of (E)-17-oximino-3-hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene (4) (estrone oxime) demonstrated the presence of only one geometrical isomer [anti-isomer, (E)]. OMATE potently inhibited estrone sulfatase (E1-STS) activity and was similar to EMATE (>99% inhibition at 0.1 μM in MCF-7 breast cancer cells). It was also evaluated in vivo for its estrogenicity and ability to inhibit sulfatase activity. While it was equipotent with EMATE in vivo as a sulfatase inhibitor, it surprisingly had a stimulatory effect on uterine growth in ovariectomized rats about 1.5-fold greater than that of EMATE. Thus, OMATE possesses potential as a superestrogen and modification at C-17 is identified as a useful route for enhancement of estrogenicity in sulfamate-based estrogens.
Water‐Soluble Triazabutadienes that Release Diazonium Species upon Protonation under Physiologically Relevant Conditions (2015)

Abstract Triazabutadienes are an understudied structural motif that have remarkable reactivity once rendered water‐soluble. It is shown that these molecules readily release diazonium species in a pH‐dependent manner in a series of buffer solutions with pH ranges similar to those found in cells. Upon further development, we expect that this process will be well suited to cargo‐release strategies and organelle‐specific bioconjugation reactions. These compounds offer one of the mildest ways of generating diazonium species in aqueous solutions.
Projection-resolved optical coherence tomographic angiography (2016)

Shadowgraphic projection artifacts from superficial vasculature interfere with the visualization of deeper vascular networks in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). We developed a novel algorithm to remove this artifact by resolving the ambiguity between in situ and projected flow signals. The algorithm identifies voxels with in situ flow as those where intensity-normalized decorrelation values are higher than all shallower voxels in the same axial scan line. This "projection-resolved" (PR) algorithm effectively suppressed the projection artifact on both en face and cross-sectional angiograms and enhanced depth resolution of vascular networks. In the human macula, the enhanced angiograms show three distinct vascular plexuses in the inner retina and no vessels in the outer retina. We demonstrate that PR OCT-A cleanly removes flow projection from the normally avascular outer retinal slab while preserving the density and continuity of the intermediate and deep retinal capillary plexuses.