gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel peroxide‐vulcanized NBR‐PAni.DBSA blends, part 1: Preparation and characterization (2009)

Abstract Blends of poly(butadiene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile)‐polyaniline dodecylbenzenesulfonate [NBR‐PAni.DBSA] were successfully prepared using an internal mixer for the first time. Electrical conductivities of all the vulcanized blends (up to 10 −2 S/cm with a conductivity percolation threshold 6.0 wt %/5.4 vol % of PAni.DBSA) were not affected with the addition of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the vulcanizing agent. The FTIR spectra of vulcanized NBR‐PAni.DBSA blends resembled a superposition of the spectra of the raw materials, but with some notable peak shifts because of the changing intermolecular interactions between the polymers. Blends with ≤30 wt % of PAni.DBSA showed the best compatibility, i.e., with greatest peak shifts for their FTIR spectra and largest temperature shifts for their DSC recorded thermal events. The morphological studies (of both optical and transmission electron micrographs) showed that the thermomechanical mixing method had reduced the amounts of phase separation in all these NBR‐PAni.DBSA blends. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
High reliability mid-temperature pb-free alloy for multi-step soldering (2017)

High silver Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys, such as Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305), result in solder joints with high mechanical and thermal reliability, and can sustain relatively high operational temperatures. However, their melting point (generally above 217°C) requires at least 240-250°C reflow temperatures, putting additional stresses on printed circuit boards. Solder alloys allowing for lower reflow temperatures can be very advantageous, adding benefits such as long-term reliability, lower energy cost and reduced cycle time and enabling multi-step soldering. Here we present our new Pb-free solder alloy that allows for a 25-30°C reduction in peak reflow temperatures. We investigate the effect of various alloying additions into the mechanical properties of three alloys, 1N, 3D and 3E. We also investigate the thermal cycling performance of these alloys when used as solder paste. The results presented here show that solder alloy 3D enables peak reflow temperatures as low as 215°C, in combination with higher mechanical properties and improved fatigue life that is significantly higher than SAC305.
Convolutional Dictionary Learning: A Comparative Review and New Algorithms (2018)

Convolutional sparse representations are a form of sparse representation with a dictionary that has a structure that is equivalent to convolution with a set of linear filters. While effective algorithms have recently been developed for the convolutional sparse coding problem, the corresponding dictionary learning problem is substantially more challenging. Furthermore, although a number of different approaches have been proposed, the absence of thorough comparisons between them makes it difficult to determine which of them represents the current state of the art. The present work both addresses this deficiency and proposes some new approaches that outperform existing ones in certain contexts. A thorough set of performance comparisons indicates a very wide range of performance differences among the existing and proposed methods, and clearly identifies those that are the most effective.
Iron Phosphate Coating：A Novel Approach to Controlling Pyrite Oxidation (1997)

A novel coating technique was develped for controlling pyrite oxidation .The technique involved leaching pyrite particles with a solution containing low concentrations of phosphate and hydrogen peroxide.During the leaching rpocess,the iron released from pyrite by hydrogen proxide was precipitated by phosphate as a ferric phosphate coating .This coating was shown to be able to effectively prevent pyirte from oxidation and it could be established at the expense of only surface portions of pyrite.The emergence of this technique could provide a unique potential route for abating acid mine draingage and reclaiming sulfide-containing degraded mining land.
Tissue Engineering of the Intervertebral Disc (2012)

Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field of research that aims to repair damaged tissues within the body. Among tissue engineering approaches is the use of scaffolds to help regenerate lost tissues. Scaffolds provide structural support for specific areas within the body, namely load bearing regions, and allow for cells to be seeded within the scaffold for tissue regeneration. Scaffolds that specifically replicate the properties and/or composition of native tissues are referred to as biomimetic scaffolds.
Optical Active Molecules used as Molecular Contrast Agents for Enhanced Imaging (2008)

A novel technique aimed at increasing the image contrast of a structure surrounded by a scattering medium, using optically active molecules as molecular contrast agents, is presented. Specifically, enhanced target detection was obtained by doping the surrounding medium with molecular contrast agents, consisting of aqueous glucose molecules, in conjunction to advanced polarimetric imaging techniques. The outcome of this study opens new horizons in the areas of molecular imaging, early disease detection and cancer identification.
Gene Expression Profiling Predictive of Tipifarnib (ZARNESTRA®, R115777) Response in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2005)

Abstract The farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), tipifarnib (ZARNESTRA®, R115777), has demonstrated clinical response in patients with hematological disease. While the inhibition of protein farnesylation is the primary mechanism of action (MOA), the level of farnesyl inhibition is not a reliable pharmacodynamic marker of response, nor is it clear what genetic markers can be employed to predict response. This prospectively designed study was conducted to identify potential genetic markers and expression signatures that may be surrogate predictors of response for tipifarnib in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bone marrow samples were collected and gene expression profiles analyzed from a single arm phase 2 clinical study of tipifarnib in poor-risk patients with newly diagnosed AML (Lancet, et al. Blood. 2004;104:249a). In total, 79 samples were obtained before (n = 25), during (n = 30), and after (n = 24) tipifarnib treatment. Bone marrow samples were analyzed using the Affymetrix U133A GeneChip® array. Global gene expression signatures revealed that tipifarnib treatment resulted in gene expression changes that were maintained for up to 120 days following treatment termination. Pretreatment vs posttreatment samples identified approximately 500 genes that had significant changes (False Discovery Rate [FDR] &lt;0.005) in gene expression following farnesyltransferase inhibition, including several genes associated with farnesylation (eg, K-ras, FNTA). Many of the modulated genes were identified as those significantly involved in protein biosynthesis, DNA replication, intracellular signaling, and cell cycle pathways, thus, reflective of inhibition of cellular proliferation. A subset of 27 genes (including genes associated with signal transduction and cell cycle) was also identified as being differentially modulated between responders and nonresponders (P &lt;0.01). Gene expression signatures previously identified from a phase 2 clinical trial in relapsed and refractory AML were also tested in pretreatment samples to examine their ability to predict response (Raponi, et al. Blood. 2004;104:246a). A combination of 6 genes was found to have significant predictive accuracy in this independent set of samples (P = 0.05). The genes identified from these studies might be used as surrogate biomarkers of tipifarnib activity.
Unconstrained motion compensated temporal filtering (UMCTF) framework for wavelet video coding (2003)

This paper presents a new framework for adaptive temporal filtering in wavelet interframe codecs, called the unconstrained motion compensated temporal filtering (UMCTF). This framework allows flexible and efficient temporal filtering by combining the best features of motion compensation, used in predictive coding, with the advantages of interframe scalable wavelet video coding schemes. UMCTF provides higher coding efficiency, improved visual quality and flexibility of temporal and spatial scalability, higher coding efficiency and tower decoding delay than conventional MCTF schemes. Furthermore, UMCTF can also be employed in alternative open-loop scalable coding frameworks using DCT for the texture coding.
Relaxed InxGa1−xAs graded buffers grown with organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on GaAs (1998)

In x Ga 1−x As structures with compositionally graded buffers were grown with organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates and characterized with plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results show that surface roughness experiences a maximum at growth temperatures where phase separation occurs in InxGa1−xAs. The strain fields from misfit dislocations induce this phase separation in the 〈110〉 directions. At growth temperatures above and below this temperature, the surface roughness is decreased significantly; however, only growth temperatures above this regime ensure nearly complete relaxed graded buffers with the most uniform composition caps. With the optimum growth temperature for grading InxGa1−xAs determined to be 700 °C, it was possible to produce In0.33Ga0.67As diode structures on GaAs with threading dislocation densities &lt;8.5×106/cm2.
Novel Visible Light Emitting Optical Fibers Using Up-Conversion (2011)

Optical fibers are described that emit visible light along their length when particulate up-converters in the cladding are excited by light from semiconductor light sources propagating in the core and leaking into the cladding. These eye-catching fibers can be made in almost any color. They can enhance the display of safety gear, enliven novelty clothing displays, make more spectacular theatrical costumes and find use in a wide range of specialty fabrics for other novel display applications.
The effect of scattering from buildings on interferometric SAR measurements (2002)

The determination of elevation models of buildings using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) is an important area of active research. The focus of this paper is on some of the unique scattering mechanisms that occur with buildings and how they affect the IFSAR height measurement and the coherence. The authors show by theory and examples that the various data products obtained from IFSAR can be used to aid in interpreting building height results. They also present a method that they have used successfully in mapping buildings in Washington D.C.
WDM fiber laser source using loop mirror configuration (2000)

A novel, simple, and flexible WDM laser source is demonstrated using a loop erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Two configurations of the source are investigated where reflecting FBGs are cascaded in series or parallel at the loop outputs. High output power per channel with a signal-to-noise ratio better than 55 dB can be achieved. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 187–189, 2001.
ReBucket: a method for clustering duplicate crash reports based on call stack similarity (2012)

Software often crashes. Once a crash happens, a crash report could be sent to software developers for investigation upon user permission. To facilitate efficient handling of crashes, crash reports received by Microsoft's Windows Error Reporting (WER) system are organized into a set of buckets. Each bucket contains duplicate crash reports that are deemed as manifestations of the same bug. The bucket information is important for prioritizing efforts to resolve crashing bugs. To improve the accuracy of bucketing, we propose ReBucket, a method for clustering crash reports based on call stack matching. ReBucket measures the similarities of call stacks in crash reports and then assigns the reports to appropriate buckets based on the similarity values. We evaluate ReBucket using crash data collected from five widely-used Microsoft products. The results show that ReBucket achieves better overall performance than the existing methods. In average, the F-measure obtained by ReBucket is about 0.88.
Identification of a replication‐defective herpes simplex virus for recombinant adeno‐associated virus type 2 (rAAV2) particle assembly using stable producer cell lines (2004)

This study, together with our previous report describing a rAAV chromatography-based purification process, contributes to the definition of an entirely scalable process for the generation of rAAV particles.
Cybersecurity: A Stochastic Predictive Model to Determine Overall Network Security Risk Using Markovian Process (2017)

There are several security metrics developed to protect the computer networks. In general, common security metrics focus on qualitative and subjective aspects of networks lacking formal statistical models. In the present study, we propose a stochastic model to quantify the risk associated with the overall network using Markovian process in conjunction with Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) framework. The model we developed uses host access graph to represent the network environment. Utilizing the developed model, one can filter the large amount of information available by making a priority list of vulnerable nodes existing in the network. Once a priority list is prepared, network administrators can make software patch decisions. Gaining in depth understanding of the risk and priority level of each host helps individuals to implement decisions like deployment of security products and to design network topologies.
Delivering HIV Gagp24 to DCIR Induces Strong Antibody Responses In Vivo (2015)

Targeting dendritic cell-specific endocytic receptors using monoclonal antibodies fused to desired antigens is an approach widely used in vaccine development to enhance the poor immunogenicity of protein-based vaccines and to induce immune responses. Here, we engineered an anti-human DCIR recombinant antibody, which cross-reacts with the homologous cynomolgous macaque receptor and was fused via the heavy chain C-terminus to HIV Gagp24 protein (αDCIR.Gagp24). In vitro, αDCIR.Gagp24 expanded multifunctional antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells recognizing multiple Gagp24 peptides from HIV-infected patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In non human primates, priming with αDCIR.Gagp24 without adjuvant elicited a strong anti-Gagp24 antibody response after the second immunization, while in the non-targeted HIV Gagp24 protein control groups the titers were weak. The presence of the double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) adjuvant significantly enhanced the anti-Gagp24 antibody response in all the groups and reduced the discrimination between the different vaccine groups. The avidity of the anti-Gagp24 antibody responses was similar with either αDCIR.Gagp24 or Gagp24 immunization, but increased from medium to high avidity in both groups when poly(I:C) was co-administered. This data provides a comparative analysis of DC-targeted and non-targeted proteins for their capacity to induce antigen-specific antibody responses in vivo. This study supports the further development of DCIR-based DC-targeting vaccines for protective durable antibody induction, especially in the absence of adjuvant.
Bandgap and Molecular Energy Level Control of Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Materials Based on Benzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,5-<i>b</i>′]dithiophene (2008)

Bandgap and molecular energy level control are of great importance in improving photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers. A common approach to tuning these parameters is to modify the structure of conjugated polymers by copolymerizing with different units. In this paper, research work focuses on the synthesis of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) with different conjugated units and their photovoltaic performance. Eight new BDT-based polymers with commonly used conjugated units, including thiophene, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT), thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPZ), etc., were synthesized. The bandgaps of the polymers were tuned in the range of 1.0−2.0 eV, and their HOMO and LUMO energy levels could also be tuned effectively. The absorption spectra as well as electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these polymers were investigated systematically. Some units exhibiting the same effect of bandgap lowering exhibited different effects on molecular energy levels of the polymers. For example, the TPZ unit can reduce the bandgap by lowering the LUMO energy level and elevating the HOMO level of the polymer, but the BT unit can lower the bandgap only by depressing the LUMO level. Since open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the heterojunction polymer solar cell is believed to be inversely proportional to the HOMO level of electron donor material, Voc of the devices based on H9, the copolymer of BDT and TPZ, was ca. 0.5 V lower than that of the device based on H7, the copolymer of BDT and BT. The effects of seven commonly used units on bandgap, molecular energy level, and photovoltaic properties of the BDT based polymers are studied and discussed in this paper, which can provide a guideline not only for design of photovoltaic materials but also for materials of various other electronic devices. In addition, the PCE of the device based on PCBM and H6, one of the BDT-based polymers, reached 1.6%, and Voc, Isc, and FF of the device were 0.75 V, 3.8 mA/cm2, and 56%, respectively, which indicates that BDT is a promising common unit for photovoltaic conjugated polymers. Since we have developed the synthetic method of the 4,8-bisalkoxy-BDT monomer, the BDT unit will play an important role in future research on conjugated polymer design.
DETECTION OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN PREGNANCY BY LASER DESORPTION MASS SPECTROMETRY (2005)

Detection of Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy is complicated by sequestration of parasites in the placenta, which reduces peripheral blood microscopic detection. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has previously demonstrated sensitive detection of hemozoin from P. falciparum blood cultures and the ability to track parasitemia in a Plasmodium yoelii malaria mouse model. Here we use a simple, dilution in water, blood sample preparation protocol for LDMS detection of malaria in 45 asymptomatic, pregnant Zambian women. We compare LDMS to microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. All women were microscopy negative. LDMS detected P. falciparum hemozoin in 15 out of 45 women, while PCR results were positive in 25 women. Compared with PCR, which analyzed 20-30 microL of blood, the sensitivity of LDMS, which analyzed < 1 microL of blood, was 52%, with a specificity of 92%. LDMS is a potentially rapid and more sensitive alternate diagnostic method than microscopy.
A novel rapid method for the determination of frying oil quality: development of prototype and equations and examination with respect to legislation criteria (2020)

Summary The present work presents a prototype apparatus developed for a novel method based on capillary penetration for the determination of frying oil quality and examines the method and the performance of the prototype. The work further assesses the method results in comparison with the results of established methods and proposes equations for calculating frying oil quality parameters relevant to legislation criteria. The examination of the method is performed by using 184 oil samples produced by frying different foods in different oils for forty‐five successive batches. Equations relating the method output with the total polar compounds, total polymers and viscosity are proposed. High correlation coefficients between legislation criteria and the method result are obtained: R 2 = 0.96, R 2 = 0.91 and R 2 = 0.86 for correlation with the oil viscosity, the polymer compounds and the TPC of the fried oils, respectively. The false‐positive and false‐negative answers of the method are below 2.5% for all cases.
Development and Demonstration of a Fault Current Limiting HTS Cable to be Installed in the Con Edison Grid (2009)

The US Department of Homeland Security is currently funding the design, development and demonstration of an inherently fault current limiting HTS cable, called Secure Super Grids, under the Hydra project with Con Edison. The cable is 300 m long and is being designed to carry 96 MVA at a distribution level voltage of 13.8 kV. The cable will be built using cable system experience gained by AMSC and Ultera (a Southwire and nkt Cables joint venture) on previous projects. The underground cable will be permanently installed and energized in New York City in 2010. The project is led by American Superconductor who is teamed with Ultera and Con Edison. This paper describes the general goals and design criteria of the project. An overview of the concept of Secure Super Grids and advantages of this type of cable are presented in a grid-based network modeling. In addition, the design issues such as tailoring of the HTS wire to provide adequate thermal stability and electrical properties both under normal operation and during a fault are presented.
Mode Properties of a High Intensity Plasma Waveguide (1994)

New results are presented from the first experimental demonstration of the channeling of intense laser pulses over distances much greater than a Rayleigh length 1 . In this scheme, two laser pulses are used: The first pulse creates a column of hot plasma that forms a channel behind a radially expanding shock wave, and the second pulse is injected into the channel after an appropriate delay. Single-mode and multi-mode propagation of the channeled beam is observed, with the mode structure depending on the two-pulse delay, gas density, and input beam coupling. Pulses have been channeled for distances as long as 70 Rayleigh lengths at intensities of at least 10 14 W/cm 2 . As much as 75% of the energy in the focal spot of the injection lens is coupled into the guide.
Practical Aspects and Usage Tips for the Volta Phase Plate (2015)

Compared to other technical advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), such as brighter electron sources, energy filters, better optics and direct detection cameras, phase plates have lagged behind in both development and applications. The main reason for that is the difficulty in solving practical issues, such as beam-induced electrostatic charging, which cannot be reliably predicted or avoided based on theoretical research. Another reason is that phase plates add more complexity to the operation of the microscope and until not so long ago were not usable for automated data acquisition.