gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of Brain Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Enhanced by Rho-Associated Coiled Coil-Containing Kinase Inhibition (2016)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis but also presents a major obstacle to brain drug delivery. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) form the principal barrier and therefore represent the major cellular component of in vitro BBB models. Such models are often used for mechanistic studies of the BBB in health and disease and for drug screening. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a new source for generating BMEC-like cells for use in in vitro human BBB studies. However, the inability to cryopreserve iPSC-BMECs has impeded implementation of this model by requiring a fresh differentiation to generate cells for each experiment. Cryopreservation of differentiated iPSC-BMECs would have a number of distinct advantages, including enabling production of larger scale lots, decreasing lead time to generate purified iPSC-BMEC cultures, and facilitating use of iPSC-BMECs in large-scale screening. In this study, we demonstrate that iPSC-BMECs can be successfully cryopreserved at multiple differentiation stages. Cryopreserved iPSC-BMECs retain high viability, express standard endothelial and BBB markers, and reach a high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of ∼3000 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>, equivalent to nonfrozen controls. Rho-associated coiled coil-containing kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 substantially increased survival and attachment of cryopreserved iPSC-BMECs, as well as stabilized TEER above 800 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> out to 7 days post-thaw. Overall, cryopreservation will ease handling and storage of high-quality iPSC-BMECs, reducing a key barrier to greater implementation of these cells in modeling the human BBB.
Eliminating Leakage Errors in Hyperfine Qubits (2020)

Population leakage outside the qubit subspace presents a particularly harmful source of error that cannot be handled by standard error correction methods. Using a trapped ^{171}Yb^{+} ion, we demonstrate an optical pumping scheme to suppress leakage errors in atomic hyperfine qubits. The selection rules and narrow linewidth of a quadrupole transition are used to selectively pump population out of leakage states and back into the qubit subspace. Each pumping cycle reduces the leakage population by a factor of ∼3, allowing for an exponential suppression in the number of cycles. We use interleaved randomized benchmarking on the qubit subspace to show that this pumping procedure has negligible side effects on the qubit subspace, bounding the induced qubit memory error by ≤2.0(8)×10^{-5} per cycle, and qubit population decay to ≤1.4(3)×10^{-7} per cycle. These results clear a major obstacle for implementations of quantum error correction and error mitigation protocols.
Estimating and correcting the amplitude radiation pattern of a virtual source (2009)

Abstract In the virtual source (VS) method we crosscorrelate seismic recordings at two receivers to create a new data set as if one of these receivers were a virtual source and the other a receiver. We focus on the amplitudes and kinematics of VS data, generated by an array of active sources at the surface and recorded by an array of receivers in a borehole. The quality of the VS data depends on the radiation pattern of the virtual source, which in turn is controlled by the spatial aperture of the surface source distribution. Theory suggests that when the receivers are surrounded by multi-component sources completely filling a closed surface, then the virtual source has an isotropic radiation pattern and VS data possess true amplitudes. In practical applications, limited sourceaperture and deployment of a single source type create an anisotropic radiation pattern of the virtual source, leading to distorted amplitudes. This pattern can be estimated by autocorrelating the spatial Fourier transform of the downgoing wavefield in the special case of a laterally invariant medium. The VS data can be improved by deconvolving the VS data with the estimated amplitude radiation pattern in the frequency-wavenumber domain. This operation alters the amplitude spectrum but not the phase of the data. We can also steer the virtual source by assigning it a new desired amplitude radiation pattern, given sufficient illumination exists in the desired directions. Alternatively, time-gating the downgoing wavefield before crosscorrelation, already common practice in implementing the VS method, can improve the radiation characteristics of a virtual source.
Allogeneic Cell-Mediated and Cytokine-Activated Immunotherapy for Malignant Lymphoma at the Stage of Minimal Residual Disease After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (1998)

Immunocompetent donor-derived T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the elimination of residual leukemic cells post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Because this graft versus leukemia (GVL) effects is absent after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), a high rate of relapse ensues. We introduced cell-mediated immunotherapy at the stage of minimal residual disease in lymphoma patients to help effect a GVL-like reaction by adoptive transfer of immunocompetent human leukocyte antigen-matched donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Thirteen consecutive patients with high-risk lymphoma were treated with allogeneic cell therapy (AlloCT) after having undergone ASCT. In the absence of graft-versus-host disease, cell therapy-induced graft-versus-lymphoma reaction was amplified by human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) during 3 days to activate donor PBL in vivo, followed by infusion of in vitro rIL-2 activated donor lymphocytes combined with 3-day rIL-2 therapy. Nine of the patients underwent the treatment protocol well. In the four other patients, in whom the AlloCT resulted in marrow aplasia due to elimination of host hematopoietic cells, treatment with donor marrow cell infusion without further conditioning was performed. Adoptive cell therapy in the form of AlloCT may turn out to be an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of resistant residual disease in lymphoma patients.
Tin–Germanium Alloys as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2014)

The sodium electrochemistry of evaporatively deposited tin, germanium, and alloys of the two elements is reported. Limiting the sodium stripping voltage window to 0.75 V versus Na/Na+ improves the stability of the tin and tin-rich compositions on repeated sodiation/desodiation cycles, whereas the germanium and germanium-rich alloys were stable up to 1.5 V. The stability of the electrodes could be correlated to the surface mobility of the alloy species during deposition suggesting that tin must be effectively immobilized in order to be successfully utilized as a stable electrode. While the stability of the alloys is greatly increased by the presence of germanium, the specific Coulombic capacity of the alloy decreases with increasing germanium content due to the lower Coulombic capacity of germanium. Additionally, the presence of germanium in the alloy suppresses the formation of intermediate phases present in the electrochemical sodiation of tin. Four-point probe resistivity measurements of the different compositions show that electrical resistivity increases with germanium content. Pure germanium is the most resistive yet exhibited the best electrochemical performance at high current densities which indicates that electrical resistivity is not rate limiting for any of the tested compositions.
3D-Printing Spatially Varying BRDFs (2013)

A new method fabricates custom surface reflectance and spatially varying bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (svBRDFs). Researchers optimize a microgeometry for a range of normal distribution functions and simulate the resulting surface's effective reflectance. Using the simulation's results, they reproduce an input svBRDF's appearance by distributing the microgeometry on the printed material's surface. This method lets people print svBRDFs on planar samples with current 3D printing technology, even with a limited set of printing materials. It extends naturally to printing svBRDFs on arbitrary shapes.
Single Particle Fluorescence Analysis on Demand on Electro-Optofluidic Chip with Gated Particle Delivery (2017)

Electronic feedback enables introduction of single microbeads and DNA molecules into a liquid-core waveguide through a micro/nanopore. Subsequent fluorescence detection from a controlled number of individual particles is demonstrated, enabling single particle analysis on demand.
Activation of IFN-<i>β</i>element by IRF-1 requires a post-translational event in addition to IRF-1 synthesis (1991)

Expression of the Type I IFN (i.e., IFN-alpha s and IFN-beta) genes is efficiently induced by viruses at the transcriptional level. This induction is mediated by at least two types of positive regulatory elements located in the human IFN-beta gene promoter: (1) the repeated elements which bind both the transcriptional activator IRF-1 and the repressor IRF-2 (IRF-elements; IRF-Es), and (2) the kappa B element (kappa B-E), which binds NF kappa B and is located between the IRF-Es and the TATA box. In this study we demonstrate that a promoter containing synthetic IRF-E, which displays high affinity for the IRFs can be efficiently activated by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In contrast, such activation was either very weak or nil when cells were treated by IFN-beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), despite the fact they both efficiently induce de novo synthesis of the short-lived IRF-1 in L929 cells. In fact, efficient activation of the IRF-E apparently requires an event in addition to de novo IRF-1 induction, which can be elicited by NDV even in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Moreover, efficient activation of the IRF-E by NDV is specifically inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor, Staurosporin. Hence our results suggest the importance of IRF-1 synthesis and post-translational modification event(s), possibly phosphorylation for the efficient activation of IRF-Es, which are otherwise under negative regulation by IRF-2.
Chlorhexidine : skin permeation and antisepsis (2010)

This study from Aston University shows that skin penetration and antimicrobial efficiency of chlorhexidine can be enhanced by combining it with eucalyptus oil.
Dispersion Compensation using All-Pass Digital IIR Filters (2007)

The use of infinite impulse response filters to achieve chromatic dispersion compensation for homodyne phase-diversity detection systems employing digital signal processing is proposed. Theory, simulation and experimental results show the advantages of this approach.
Physical characterization of a self‐healing dental restorative material (2010)

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of self‐healing a highly filled composite and to investigate the physical properties of a model dental compound formulated to autonomically heal cracks. A visible light cured model resin consisting of TEGMA : UDMA : BisGMA (1 : 1 : 1) at 45% w/w with silane 0.7 μ glass was formulated with a self‐healing system consisting of encapsulated dicyclopentadiene and Grubbs' catalyst. The base resin was also formulated and characterized with the microcapsules alone, Grubbs' catalyst alone, and no healing additives. Fracture toughness ( K Ic ) was assessed using single edge notch specimens in three‐point bend ( n = 12). Data was analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's at p ≤ 0.05. DMA was performed from −140 to 250°C at 2°/min and 1 Hz. Storage and loss modulus, T g and tan δ, was recorded for each material. The self‐healing material was loaded to failure, was left to sit for 7 days and then loaded a second time to failure to determine healing in the material. These specimens had a K Ic = 0.69 ± 0.072 for a 57% average recovery rate of the original fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of the self‐healing material was statistically similar to the control. The modulus decreased in the composites with encapsulated dicyclopentadiene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A new high-speed x-ray beam chopper (2000)

A new high-speed x-ray beam chopper using laser scanner technology has been developed and tested on the SRI-CAT sector 1 beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring (1). As illustrated in figure 1, it is compact in size and has two sets of transmission windows: BK-7 glass for visible light transmission and 0.23-mm-thick Be for the transmission of x-rays. The rotor is made of aluminum and has a diameter of 50.8 mm. A 0.5-mm-wide and 2.29-mm-tall slit is cut through the center of the rotor. The circumference of the rotor has a coating of 1-mm-thick Ni, which gives an attenuation of 10{sup 8} at 30 keV. Turning at nearly 80000 RPM, this beam chopper has an opening time window of 2450 ns, corresponding to 67% of the revolution time of the APS storage ring. The primary feature in selecting laser scanner technology to develop into an x-ray beam chopper was the high level of rotational speed control of the rotor that makes up the beam chopper element (2). By using an optical feedback circuit to sample the rotational speed four times each revolution, the jitter in the position of the transmission open time window is only 3 ns at the 3 standard deviation level. The APS storage ring orbital frequency, supplied by the control room, is divided down to provide the appropriate drive frequency for the beam chopper motor controller. By this means, both the storage ring and the beam chopper are operating off the same master clock. After a turn-on time of about 15 to 20 seconds, the rotational precision of the motor results in immediate phase locking to the temporal structure of the APS storage ring. By inserting a Stanford delay generator between the frequency divider and the beam chopper motor controller, the phase between the storage ring temporal structure and the beam chopper rotation can be adjusted to position the transmission time window of the beam chopper on any desired part of the storage ring fill pattern. If an asymmetric fill pattern is used in the APS storage ring, as illustrated in figure 2, such that only one bucket falls within the transmission time window of the beam chopper, then time resolution as short as 100 ps becomes possible with this new compact beam chopper.
Third party interference and leak detection on buried pipelines for reliable transportation of fluids (2011)

Third Party Interference (TPI) and fluid leaks are the most frequent cause of failure in oil&gas pipelines infrastructures, and constitute a major risk for safety and environment. In order to mitigate such risks and to minimize environment exposure, it is possible to deploy remote real-time monitoring technologies, which in turn need to be field tested and qualified in a real production scenario. Not only it is necessary to assess their performance, but also to evaluate their integrability within the company business processes, as well as, their easy-of-use, and the training efforts required. Two technologies were identified that allow remote real-time detection, classification and geo-localization of TPI and leak events. The first one is based on Fiber Optics (FO) standard communication cable, typically buried along the pipeline for communication purposes. In this technology the fiber optics cable is used as a distributed vibration sensor, able to detect remotely possible threats to the pipeline infrastructure. The second one is discrete Acoustic Sensing (AS), and comprises a set of dynamic pressure and vibroacoustic sensors installed on the pipeline, at relative distances of a few kilometers. Both technologies require a significant amount of development and field tests, in order to qualify detection and classification algorithms. We have started in Y2010 a long term field trial on an oil pipeline in service in the North of Italy to evaluate the benefits that such technologies might contribute to the asset integrity. In this paper, we report and discuss the preliminary results of an extensive set of tests performed by simulating intrusions, impacts and leak events.
Acoustically segmented photonic crystal fiber for single-frequency high-power laser applications (2011)

The Brillouin gain characteristics of a Yb-doped polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber possessing a segmented acoustic profile are investigated using a pump-probe technique. The concentrations of fluorine, aluminum, and germanium in two regions of the core were selected, such that the corresponding Brillouin shifts were sufficiently separated to allow for the introduction of a temperature profile along the fiber for further stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression. By using a cutback technique to measure loss, we estimated the Brillouin gain coefficient to be 1.2×10(-11) m/W. Despite differences in the concentration levels of dopants between the two segments, there was no evidence of a development of an optical interface. When this fiber was utilized in a counterpumped amplifier configuration, close to 500 W of near-diffraction-limited single-frequency output was obtained.
Transmission Error of a Helical Gear Pair with Modified Tooth Surfaces. 1st Report. Actual Contact Ratio and the Effects of the Load on the Transmission Error. (1996)

The loaded transmission error is calculated using Hertzian formulas for the approach deformation of a pair of teeth and approximate formulas based on the FEM analysis for the bending deflection. Analysis of the loaded transmission error proved that the actual contact ratio is an effective index of the loaded transmission error of a helical gear pair. The actual contact ratio is the ratio of the rotational angle to the angular pitch during the period in which a tooth pair is actually in contact. The analysis based on the actual contact ratio clarified the following. (1) The actual contact ratio varies between 1.0 and the geometrical contact ratio, depending on the applied load. (2) The loaded transmission error exhibits maxima when the actual contact ratios are integers. (3) The no-load transmission error whose actual contact ratio is 1.0 results in the absolute maximum. (4) A gear pair with low level of no-load transmission error exhibits low level of loaded one.
Graphene-Insulator-Semiconductor Junction for Hybrid Photodetection Modalities (2017)

A sensitive optical detector is presented based on a deeply depleted graphene-insulator-semiconducting (D<sup>2</sup>GIS) junction, which offers the possibility of simultaneously leveraging the advantages of both charge integration and localized amplification. Direct read-out and built-in amplification are accomplished via photogating of a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) by carriers generated within a deeply depleted low-doped silicon substrate. Analogous to a depleted metal-oxide-semiconducting junction, photo-generated charge collects in the potential well that forms at the semiconductor/insulator interface and induces charges of opposite polarity within the graphene film modifying its conductivity. This device enables simultaneous photo-induced charge integration with continuous "on detector" readout through use of graphene. The resulting devices exhibit responsivities as high as 2,500 A/W (25,000 S/W) for visible wavelengths and a dynamic range of 30 dB. As both the graphene and device principles are transferrable to arbitrary semiconductor absorbers, D<sup>2</sup>GIS devices offer a high-performance paradigm for imaging across the electromagnetic spectrum.
A simultaneous-imaging machine-vision approach for the precision alignment of two mm-wave antennas (2012)

We present an optical imaging tool, the Overlay Imaging Aligner (OIA), developed to aid in the mechanical alignment of antenna components in the mm-wave and low-THz frequency regimes (50-500 GHz) where wavelength size poses significant challenges for alignment. A polarization-selective machine-vision approach used to generate two simultaneous overlaid images along a common axis allows for aligning two antenna components to within fractions of a wavelength. The concept and application examples are presented along with a quantitative assessment of the alignment accuracy in the WR-2.2 band where the OIA alignment is compared to an electrical alignment.
Multigraft copolymer superelastomers: Synthesis morphology, and properties (2010)

The synthesis of well-defined multigraft copolymers having a polydiene backbone with polystyrene side chains is briefly reviewed, with particular focus on controlling branch point spacing and branch point functionality. Use of living anionic polymerization and chlorosilane linking chemistry has led to the synthesis of series of materials having regularly spaced trifunctional (comb), tetrafunctional (centipede), and hexafunctional (barbwire) branch points. The morphologies of these materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, and it was found that the morphologies were controlled by the local architectural asymmetry associated with each branch point. Mechanical properties studies revealed that such multigraft copolymers represent a new class of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) with superior elongation at break and low residual strains as compared to conventional TPEs.
A Nanoparticle Catalyst for Heterogeneous Phase Para‐Hydrogen‐Induced Polarization in Water (2015)

Para-hydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a technique capable of producing spin polarization at a magnitude far greater than state-of-the-art magnets. A significant application of PHIP is to generate contrast agents for biomedical imaging. Clinically viable and effective contrast agents not only require high levels of polarization but heterogeneous catalysts that can be used in water to eliminate the toxicity impact. Herein, we demonstrate the use of Pt nanoparticles capped with glutathione to induce heterogeneous PHIP in water. The ligand-inhibited surface diffusion on the nanoparticles resulted in a (1) H polarization of P=0.25% for hydroxyethyl propionate, a known contrast agent for magnetic resonance angiography. Transferring the (1) H polarization to a (13) C nucleus using a para-hydrogen polarizer yielded a polarization of 0.013%. The nuclear-spin polarizations achieved in these experiments are the first reported to date involving heterogeneous reactions in water.
<title>Information-based sensor management</title> (1993)

The problem of intelligent use of sensors in a multi-sensor, multi-target surveillance system is discussed. The problem is to make the optimal assignment of targets to sensors subject to given constraints on sensor capacity and for a given definition of optimal. We have found previous work on the sensor management problem to have deficiencies due to the way information is used to optimize the assignment. There are numerous formulations of such `information' based approaches in the literature. This paper attempts to put the problem on a first principles basis. The approach taken here it to determine the predicted gain in information content of a track j after it is updated with data from sensor i for all pairs i,j. This information content can be predicted without making the actual observation by using the properties of the Kalman covariance matrix. The particular assignment of tracks to sensors that maximizes the total information gain subject to the constraints on the sensors is then generated using linear programming methods.