gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Template-free fabrication of hierarchical porous carbon by constructing carbonyl crosslinking bridges between polystyrene chains (2009)

A simple and effective template-free method to fabricate hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) has been successfully developed by adopting linear polystyrene resin as raw material, anhydrous aluminium chloride as Friedel–Crafts catalyst, and carbon tetrachloride as crosslinker and solvent. Experimental results show that the as-constructed carbonyl (–CO–) crosslinking bridges between polystyrene chains provide simultaneously to its hierarchical porous polystyrene precursor, both a high crosslinking density and a proper amount of oxygen atoms, and thus achieve good framework carbonizability and nanostructure inheritability during carbonization. The as-prepared HPC's hierarchical porous structure exhibits interesting uniqueness: micropores (<2 nm) are from the network inside crosslinking polystyrene-based carbon nanoparticles of 10–30 nm in size, and mesopores (2–50 nm) and macropores (50–400 nm) result from the compact and loose aggregation of these network nanoparticles, respectively; and these micro-, meso- and macropores are three-dimensionally interconnected to each other. Its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and total pore volume are 679 m2g−1 and 0.66 cm3g−1, respectively.
Research Needs Related to Forensic Engineering of Constructed Facilities (1992)

The Technical Council on Forensic Engineering created a Research Committee to identify research needs for constructed facilities that do not perform in accordance with established standards, to define research problems and assign priorities to them, and to develop effective means for implementing the results of research. In 1991, the Research Committee completed a national survey. The intent of the questionnaire used in this survey was to identify the research needs related to forensic engineering. This paper summarizes the results of that poll. It is evident that civil engineers vary considerably in their opinions about research needs within their respective fields. However, significant needs were identified for information related to historical data, corrosion, new materials, leakage, in situ monitoring, and construction flaws.
Investigation of Temperature Rise in an Induction Motor Considering the Effect of Loading (2014)

This paper presents an investigation into the temperature rise in induction motors used to power machine tool spindles by considering the effects of loading. To develop a second-order fitted power-loss distribution model for the constant-torque operating range of the induction motor, we employed the design of experiment and response surface methodology techniques. In particular, the way in which the temperature of the induction motor rises is calculated using an equivalent thermal resistance model. Finally, the analysis results were experimentally verified, and the validity of the proposed analysis method was confirmed.
A Stereoselective Cyclization Strategy for the Preparation of γ-Lactams and Their Use in the Synthesis of α-Methyl-β-Proline (2012)

A straightforward stereoselective and enantiodivergent cyclization strategy for the construction of γ-lactams is described. The cyclization strategy makes use of chiral malonic esters prepared from enantiomerically enriched monoesters of disubstituted malonic acid. The cyclization occurs with the selective displacement of a substituted benzyl alcohol as the leaving group. A Hammett study illustrates that the cyclization is under electronic control. The resulting γ-lactam can be readily converted into a novel proline analogue.
Revised characterization of the controlled clearance piston gauge (2003)

A revised equation is presented for the effective piston area of controlled clearance deadweight testers from the theory of elasticity which accounts for the semi-infinite loading of the measured pressure cylinder. The concept of pressure transmissibility expressed in terms of transmission delay threshold pressure and the importance in the choice of operating fluids is discussed. Test results illustrating pressure transmissibility for 25 different fluids at pressure between 138 MPa (20 000 psi) and 1380 MPa (200 000 psi) are presented, together with proposed ranking of the fluids based on their relative pressure transmissibility. The linear nature of the stall curve with fluids of high transmissibility and the resulting linear nature of the adjustments to the effective area are shown. The linearity allows the use of considerable extrapolation for making reasonable estimates of effective area, where direct knowledge of the slope of the stall curve is not known. The robustness of the new equation is demonstrated by applying the equation to data from two mercury point experiments at Harwood (9 years apart), several National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) characterizations of controlled clearance gauges, some other experiments at Harwood, and the data from NIST’s experiment using a controlled clearance piston gauge to isolate the transition pressure of bismuth from Bi I to Bi II. The conclusions reached indicate that with suitable operating fluids, there is a negligibly small difference between pressure values calculated from the method discussed here and that used by NIST based on experimental determination of the jacket pressure coefficient.
Liquid hydrogen for Europe - the Linde plant at Ingolstadt. Fluessigwasserstoff fuer Europa - die Linde-Anlage in Ingolstadt (1994)

In view of the increasing demand for liquid hydrogen on the European market in Industrial Gases Division of Linde AG invested a pure hydrogen production facility with a capacity of 4.4 tons/day which has been in operation at Ingolstadt since 1992. The plant uses raw gas from a refinery. After prification, the hydrogen gas can either be liquefied or delivered as high-pressure gas. In addition to liquefaction the facility comprises liquid hydrogen storage and filling stations. The following article highlights the commitment of the Linde Group supporting the introduction and use of this environmental friendly energy medium in Europe. The concept of the facility and the individual processes are described as well as the main components of this pure hydrogen plant. (orig.)
Estrogen-Binding Sites and Their Functional Capacity in Estrogen Receptor Double Knockout Mouse Brain (2002)

Early studies found estrogen-binding sites in the ER knockout (ERalphaKO) mouse brain, suggesting a splice variant of ERalpha or another ER. The discovery of ERbeta suggested that binding was due to ERbeta, although questions about an ERgamma remained. To test this hypothesis, ERbetaKO mice were generated and crossed with ERalphaKO mice, and ERalpha/betaKO animals were used for in vivo binding studies with [(125)I]estrogen. The results revealed nuclear binding sites in the ERalpha/betaKO hypothalamus and amygdala. As the binding resembled the distribution of ERalpha, we evaluated the presence of ERalpha splicing variants. A nonphysiological splice variant of ERalpha was identified in ERalpha/betaKO brain and uterus, but was absent in wild-type mice. ERalpha immunoreactivity was also detected in regions of ERalpha/betaKO brain where residual binding was seen. To ascertain the functionality of the variant, the regulation of PR was assessed in brain. The results revealed that E2 significantly increased PR expression, an indication that the variant can regulate gene transcription. These data demonstrate the presence and functionality of an ERalpha variant in ERalpha/betaKO brain and suggest that the residual binding and regulation of PR in ERalpha/betaKO brain can be accounted for by the variant.
Building a Roadmap to Biomarker Qualification: Challenges and Opportunities (2015)

The traditional route for regulatory acceptance of biomarkers in drug development is through submission of biomarker data in drug approval submissions in the context of a single drug development program. The US FDA's Critical Path Initiative called for establishment of a biomarker qualification process to enable progress in the drug development paradigm. In response to this, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) established a Biomarker Qualification Program (BQP) to qualify a biomarker for a specific context of use (COU). The qualified biomarker can then be used in multiple drug development programs for this COU without re-review. Here, we describe some of the features of the BQP and two new initiatives that have the potential to aid biomarker development through early interactions with the FDA. Finally, we discuss some of the feedback the FDA has received from submitters and the BQP's actions to strengthen the program.
Noninvasive functionalization of polymers of intrinsic microporosity for enhanced CO2 capture (2012)

Modifying sorbents for the purpose of improving carbon dioxide capture often results in the loss of surface area or accessible pores, or both. We report the first noninvasive functionalization of the polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) where inclusion of the amidoxime functionality in PIM-1 increases carbon dioxide capacity up to 17% and micropore surface area by 20% without losing its film forming ability.
Viral oncoprotein binding to pRB, p107, p130, and p300 (1995)

The purpose of this review is to bring attention to some additional work in the tumor virus/tumor suppressor field which may have been overshadowed by reports describing adenovirus, SV40, and HPV oncoprotein binding to pRB and p53. The data reviewed herein provide further support for the model that a common mechanism by which DNA tumor viruses transform cells involves inactivation of cellular proteins which function as negative regulators of cell growth.
Anandamide regulates neuropeptide release from capsaicin‐sensitive primary sensory neurons by activating both the cannabinoid 1 receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1 <i>in vitro</i> (2003)

The effect of anandamide, which activates both the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1), was studied on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from cultured primary sensory neurons, the majority of which coexpress the CB1 receptor and VR1. Concentrations of anandamide < 1 micro m produced a small but significant CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of basal CGRP release while higher concentrations induced VR1-mediated CGRP release. The excitatory effect of anandamide was potentiated by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. In the presence of SR141716A at concentrations < 100 nm, anandamide was equipotent with capsaicin in stimulating CGRP release. However, at higher concentrations anandamide produced more CGRP release than equimolar concentrations of capsaicin. Three and ten nanomolar anandamide inhibited the capsaicin-evoked CGRP release. In the presence of SR141716A, treatments which activated protein kinase A, protein kinase C and phospholipase C significantly potentiated the anandamide-evoked CGRP release at all anandamide concentrations. Although this potentiation was reduced when the CB1 receptor antagonist was omitted from the buffer, the CGRP release evoked by 300 nm and 1 micro m anandamide was still significantly larger than that seen with nonpotentiated cells. These data indicate that anandamide may regulate CGRP release from capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons in vivo, and that the net effect of anandamide on transmitter release from capsaicin-sensitive primary sensory neurons depends on the concentration of anandamide and the state of the CB1 receptor and VR1. These findings also suggest that anandamide could be one of the molecules responsible for the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia.
Compiling Optimized Code from Decision Tables (1972)

This paper reviews the structure of decision tables and methods for converting them into procedural code. It describes new optimization methods, which are applied before, during, and after code generation. Some results from an experimental decision table processor are provided.
Statistics and the Single Market (1990)

Abstract. At the end of 1992customs barriers will fall and the European Internal Market will be realized, as envisaged by the Single European Act signed in 1986 by the EEC's member countries. Statistical Offices are preparing to meet the new information requirements from all the economic and social forces of the new Europe. EUROSTAT planned a politically endorsed statistical programme and established the European Statistical Planning Committee, enlarging the tasks of the Conference of the Heads of National Statistical Institutes. Each National Statistical Institute is urgently required to improve the comparability of statistics and implement the harmonised projects of the European Statistical Programme. Official statistics will conform to the new requirements in order to supply the business world, national governments, the EEC authorities and public opinion with up‐to‐date information to face a wider, more open and competitive market. The business world will focus its attention on information on the flows by sectors and very small areas. Statistics on intra‐community foreign trades will shift from customs bills to new tools more directly assigned to national statistical bodies. National governments and EEC countries will need more information on population behaviour as to employment, consumptions, use of leisure time, fruition of public facilities, and social security, as well as more precise estimates of GDP, now the basic contribution to EEC budget. Citizens and public opinion will ask for timely information on migrations, social mobility, income distribution. Demographic projections show the European population is progressively ageing, unemployment is bound to decrease and women are going to be more present within society and the labour market. Information on the home care of elderly people. health, environment, crime prevention and the status of women in general will have to be supplied. Presently Statistics Offices have greater experience in two essential domains: conceptual frameworks and the techniques for conceptual statistical representation of the investigated events. Moreover, the improving of computer technology will provide substantial help to survey methodologies and data processing.
High resolution ultraviolet photoablation of SiO<i>x</i> films (1985)

The ability of UV laser radiation at 248 nm to cause the photoablation of SiOx films is demonstrated. Given the relatively low doses necessary to ablate significant SiOx thicknesses and the excellent etched wall verticality obtained, it appears that SiOx might be a viable UV photoresist. A brief discussion of the mechanisms leading to SiOx photoablation is presented.
OUTCOMES AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AMONG MEN WHO ARE CANDIDATES FOR ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE: RESULTS FROM THE SEARCH DATABASE (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008OUTCOMES AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AMONG MEN WHO ARE CANDIDATES FOR ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE: RESULTS FROM THE SEARCH DATABASE Christopher J Kane, Martha K Terris, William J Aronson, Joseph C Presti, Christopher L Amling, and Stephen J Freedland Christopher J KaneChristopher J Kane More articles by this author , Martha K TerrisMartha K Terris More articles by this author , William J AronsonWilliam J Aronson More articles by this author , Joseph C PrestiJoseph C Presti More articles by this author , Christopher L AmlingChristopher L Amling More articles by this author , and Stephen J FreedlandStephen J Freedland More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61902-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "OUTCOMES AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY AMONG MEN WHO ARE CANDIDATES FOR ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE: RESULTS FROM THE SEARCH DATABASE." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 651 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 651 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetrics Author Information Christopher J Kane More articles by this author Martha K Terris More articles by this author William J Aronson More articles by this author Joseph C Presti More articles by this author Christopher L Amling More articles by this author Stephen J Freedland More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A heterodyne receiver for harmonic doppler radar cardio-pulmonary monitoring with body-worn passive RF tags (2010)

Summary form only given. Harmonic Doppler radar can be used to isolate a subject's respiratory motion from environmental clutter. In this paper, a heterodyne receiver is used to detect tag motion and human cardiopulmonary activity, with the results compared with a that using a homodyne receiver. The heterodyne system is shown to work at a greater distance from the subject (more than 160 cm) with greater sensitivity to tag motion (more than 10 dB), using the same transmitted power (10 dBm). Both homodyne and heterodyne receivers are also used to successfully detect a human heartbeat by attaching a passive harmonic tag over a subject's chest.
Combined determination of plasma MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 improves the non-invasive detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (2006)

MMP2 is a statistically significant marker in blood plasma for bladder cancer detection with an increased diagnostic value in combination with MMP9 and TIMP1. This study showed that the highest sensitivities and specificities are not obtained by testing each marker alone. As shown by the best two-marker combination, which includes MMP9 and TIMP1, the optimized combination does not always include the best single markers.
Catecholamines suppress leptin release from in vitro differentiated subcutaneous human adipocytes in primary culture via beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors (2000)

In a first set of experiments, the expression of the three beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in cultured human adipocytes was demonstrated. To test their functional activity, the effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonists isoproterenol (non-selective agonist), dobutamine (beta(1)-selective), fenoterol (beta(2)-selective) and the beta(3)-selective agonists BRL 37344 and CGP 12177 was studied. All agonists exhibited a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of glycerol release into the medium in a rather uniform manner. Isoproterenol rapidly reduced leptin secretion from cultured subcutaneous adipocytes in a dose-dependent fashion. Incubation with 10(-6)mol/l isoproterenol for 24h resulted in a reduction of the leptin concentration by 48% (P < 0.01). A similar, but less pronounced suppressing effect was seen for dobutamine and fenoterol, whereas both BRL 37344 and CGP 12177 were not effective. These data provide evidence that catecholamines are able to suppress leptin release from differentiated human adipocytes, supporting the concept that leptin secretion is acutely regulated by surrounding hormones. This inhibition is obviously mediated via beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors.
EFFECT OF SUB-PIXEL VARIABILITY AND LAND-COVER ON SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL FROM RADARSAT-1 DATA (2006)

The dynamic of soil moisture is generally affected by the spatial variation in soil surface characteristics such as land cover, vegetation density, soil texture, and soil material. The main purpose of this project is to develop neural network algorithm for soil moisture retrieval from active microwave data. A back-propagation neural network has been used to estimate the soil moisture from Synthetic Aperture Radar data. Soil moisture data with a spatial resolution of 800 m acquired during the SGP97 campaign, were used as truth data in the training and the validation processes. In addition to backscatter values retrieved from RADARSAT-1 image, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land cover and soil texture have been added as an input to neural network algorithm. The effects of sub-pixels variability of the NDVI and land cover type on the retrieval of soil moisture have been investigated by comparing the measured and the predicted soil moisture. Further, all training and validation pixels (800 m resolution) have been labeled as either homogeneous or heterogeneous based on the occurrence of the same land cover type. The results showed that, homogeneous pixels are more likely to have better accuracy than heterogeneous pixels in soil moisture classification. A better correlation between soil moisture and SAR backscattering was found in areas with high soil moisture content, where the surface wetness dominated the vegetation contribution to the radar backscatter
Biomedical applications of holographic microscopy (2018)

Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.
Nitric oxide nanoparticles (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical component of host defense against invading pathogens; however, its therapeutic utility is limited due to a lack of practical delivery systems. Recently, a NO-releasing nanoparticulate platform (NO-np) was shown to have in vitro broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and in vivo pre-clinical efficacy in a dermal abscess model. To extend these findings, both topical (TP) and intralesional (IL) NO-np administration was evaluated in a MRSA intramuscular murine abscess model and compared with vancomycin. All treatment arms accelerated abscess clearance clinically, histologically, and by microbiological assays on both days 4 and 7 following infection. However, abscesses treated with NO-np via either route demonstrated a more substantial, statistically significant decrease in bacterial survival based on colony forming unit assays and histologically revealed less inflammatory cell infiltration and preserved muscular architecture. These data suggest that the NO-np may be an effective addition to our armament for deep soft tissue infections.
Quantitative trait loci mapping in dairy cattle: review and meta-analysis (2004)

From an extensive review of public domain information on dairy cattle quantitative trait loci (QTL), we have prepared a draft online QTL map for dairy production traits. Most publications (45 out of 55 reviewed) reported QTL for the major milk production traits (milk, fat and protein yield, and fat and protein concentration (%)) and somatic cell score. Relatively few QTL studies have been reported for more complex traits such as mastitis, fertility and health. The collated QTL map shows some chromosomal regions with a high density of QTL, as well as a substantial number of QTL at single chromosomal locations. To extract the most information from these published records, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain consensus on QTL location and allelic substitution effect of these QTL. This required modification and development of statistical methodologies. The meta-analysis indicated a number of consensus regions, the most striking being two distinct regions affecting milk yield on chromosome 6 at 49 cM and 87 cM explaining 4.2 and 3.6 percent of the genetic variance of milk yield, respectively. The first of these regions (near marker BM143) affects five separate milk production traits (protein yield, protein percent, fat yield, fat percent, as well as milk yield).