gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Polarization Control (2015)

Dynamic polarization control (DPC) is the method of setting the polarization of the far-field electric field generated by a radiating antenna entirely electronically in order to maintain polarization matching with the receiving antenna regardless of its polarization or orientation in space. This work implements a fully integrated 2 × 1 phased array radiator in 32 nm CMOS SOI at 105.5 GHz with DPC. The system consists of a central locking oscillator that phase locks oscillators within the core of each antenna followed by three amplification stages with variable gain that drive the antennas. By controlling the amplitude and phase of two orthogonal polarized subparts of each multi-port antenna, various far-field polarizations can be realized. The array is capable of beam steering, controlling the polarization angle across the entire tuning range of 0° to 180° while maintaining axial ratios above 10 dB, and controlling the axial ratio from 2.4 dB (near circular) to 14 dB (linear) in various directions of radiation. It radiates a maximum EIRP of 7.8 dBm with a total radiated power of 0.9 mW. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work presents the first integrated radiator with dynamically controllable polarization.
The Novel Mode of Action of Anthranilic Diamide Insecticides: Ryanodine Receptor Activation (2007)

Development of insecticides with unique modes of action is necessary to combat resistance. DuPont Crop Protection has discovered a new class of insecticides which provides exceptional control through action on a novel target, the ryanodine receptor. Studies on native and recombinant insect ryanodine receptors demonstrate that the anthranilic diamides bind to a unique site on this receptor, potently releasing calcium from the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum. As this chemistry exhibits greater than 500-fold differential selectivity toward insect, over mammalian, receptors, anthranilic diamides offer an exciting alternative to existing pest-management strategies.
A Hybrid Phase Shift-Pulsewidth Modulation and Asymmetric Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-Pulsewidth Modulation Technique to Reduce Harmonics and Inductance of Single-Phase Grid-Tied Cascaded Multilevel Converters (2019)

In this article, a low-frequency hybrid modulation technique which is composed of a phase shift-pulsewidth modulation (PS-PWM) and an asymmetric selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (ASHCM-PWM) are proposed for cascaded multilevel converters to meet the harmonic limit of IEEE 519 2014. In the proposed technique, the harmonics within the concerned frequency range due to PS-PWM are reduced by the ASHCM-PWM so that the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter can meet IEEE 519 harmonic limit. The equation set which helps a grid-tied CHB converter meet both harmonic limit and total demand distortion, is developed. The design technique for critical parameters, such as the inductance and the switching frequency of the proposed hybrid modulation technique, is developed. Simulation and experiments are conducted on a single-phase 3-cell 7-level grid-tied CHB converter to validate the proposed technique.
<title>Classification performance results of various medical diagnostic data sets</title> (2002)

In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is applied to a collection of medical diagnostic data sets found at the University of California at Irvine's Repository of Machine Learning databases. The algorithm works by finding the best performing quantization complexity of the feature vectors, and this makes it necessary to discretize all continuous valued features. Therefore, results are given by showing the quantization of the continuous valued features that yields best performance. Further, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is also compared to a conventional linear classifier, which does not discretize any feature values. In general, the Bayesian Data reduction Algorithm is shown to outperform the linear classifier by obtaining a lower probability of error, as averaged over all data sets.
Self-conjugate watermarking technique for halftone images (2003)

A novel method for hiding visual patterns in a single error diffused halftone image is presented, called self-conjugate error diffusion (SCED). The hidden patterns appear on the halftone image when the halftone image is folded or is overlapped with its own rotated version. Simulation results show that the halftone images have good visual quality and the hidden pattern is clearly visible.
Low-field magnetostriction in an annealed Co–30% Fe alloy (1999)

Magnetostriction properties of a deformed and annealed Co–Fe alloy have been investigated. A significant magnetostriction value greater than ∼110×10−6 was obtained in a cold-rolled and recrystallized sample at a practical, low field of ∼100 Oe, while the as-cold-rolled sample gave a small magnetostriction of only ∼15×10−6 for the same applied field. Cold rolling and recrystallization produces much smaller magnetostriction in the longitudinal direction than the transverse direction in the low-field regime. The saturation magnetostriction of the recrystallized Co–Fe alloy was ∼140×10−6. The drastic dependence of the magnetostriction behavior on the alloy processing is tentatively attributed to the microstructure and texture changes brought about by the heat-treatment processing. The availability of such a high magnetostriction in low applied fields using a ductile and low-cost alloy material can be useful for various technical applications.
Real-world design and evaluation of compiler-managed GPU redundant multithreading (2014)

Reliability for general purpose processing on the GPU (GPGPU) is becoming a weak link in the construction of reliable supercomputer systems. Because hardware protection is expensive to develop, requires dedicated on-chip resources, and is not portable across different architectures, the efficiency of software solutions such as redundant multithreading (RMT) must be explored. This paper presents a real-world design and evaluation of automatic software RMT on GPU hardware. We first describe a compiler pass that automatically converts GPGPU kernels into redundantly threaded versions. We then perform detailed power and performance evaluations of three RMT algorithms, each of which provides fault coverage to a set of structures in the GPU. Using real hardware, we show that compiler-managed software RMT has highly variable costs. We further analyze the individual costs of redundant work scheduling, redundant computation, and inter-thread communication, showing that no single component in general is responsible for high overheads across all applications; instead, certain workload properties tend to cause RMT to perform well or poorly. Finally, we demonstrate the benefit of architectural support for RMT with a specific example of fast, register-level thread communication.
Dynamic Model of Multistage Centrifugal Compressor With a Stage-by-Stage Anti-Surge Recirculating System (2021)

Abstract The operability region of a centrifugal compressor is bounded by the low-flow (or high-pressure ratio) limit, commonly referred to as surge. The exact location of the surge line on the map can vary depending on the operating condition and, as a result, a typical Surge Avoidance Line is established at 10% to 15% above the stated flow for the theoretical surge line. The current state of the art of centrifugal compressor surge control is to utilize a global recycle valve to return flow from the discharge side of a centrifugal compressor to the suction side to increase the flow through the compressor and, thus, avoid entering the surge region. This is conventionally handled by defining a compressor surge control line that conservatively assumes that all stages must be kept out of surge at all the time. In compressors with multiple stages, the amount of energy loss is disproportion-ally large since the energy that was added in each stage is lost during system level (or global) recycling. This work proposes an internal stage-wise recycling that provides a much more controlled flow recycling to affect only those stages that may be on the verge of surge. The amount of flow needed for such a scheme will be much smaller than highly conservative global recycling approach. Also, the flow does not leave the compressor casing and therefore does not cross the pressure boundary. Compared to global recycling this inherently has less loss depending upon application and specific of control design.
Waveguide Optical Isolators for Integrated Optics (2008)

Several approaches to realize the isolator integratable with active devices are described. The surface activated direct bonding technique is addressed as a key technology for integrating a magneto-optic material in semiconductor based photonic circuits.
Thermal luminescence sensor for ground-path contamination detection (1999)

A standoff method of detecting liquids on terrestrial and synthetic landscapes is presented. The interstitial liquid layers are identified through their unique molecular vibration modes in the 7.14-14.29-microm middle infrared (fingerprint) region of liberated thermal luminescence. Several seconds of 2.45-GHz beam exposure at 1.5 W cm(-1) is sufficient for detecting polydimethyl siloxane lightly wetting the soil through its fundamental Si-CH3 and Si-O-Si stretching modes in the fingerprint region. A detection window of thermal opportunity opens as the surface attains maximum thermal gradient following irradiation by the microwave beam. The contaminant is revealed inside this window by means of a simple difference-spectrum measurement. Our goal is to reduce the time needed for optimum detection of the contaminant's thermal spectrum to a subsecond exposure from a limited intensity beam.
Use of Flurbiprofen to Inhibit Corneal Neovascularization (1980)

Following the suggestion that prostaglandins are involved in corneal neovascularization, two inhibitors of prostaglandin formation, prednisolone acetate and flurbiprofen sodium, have been evaluated in two experimental models of corneal neovascularization. The fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor, flurbiprofen, at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.1%, significantly decreased the rate of vessel growth compared with vehicle controls in both silver nitrate cauterization and anterior chamber alloxan models of corneal neovascularization. Prednisolone, at a concentration of 1%, was used as a positive control. It did inhibit neovascularization in the latter model, but was ineffective in the former. It is concluded that 0.1% flurbiprofen is equipotent to 1% prednisolone as an inhibitor of corneal neovascularization. The mechanism is unknown but is likely to be via inhibition of prostaglandin formation and/or inhibition of leukocytic infiltration.
High-power continuous-wave interband cascade lasers with 10 active stages (2015)

We report the pulsed and continuous wave (cw) performance of 10-stage interband cascade lasers (ICLs) emitting at both λ ≈3.2 μm and λ ≈3.45 μm. The slope efficiency is higher while the external differential quantum efficiency per stage remains about the same when comparison is made to earlier results for 7-stage ICLs with similar carrier-rebalanced designs. At T = 25°C, an 18-μm-wide ridge with 4.5 mm cavity length and high-reflection/anti-reflection coatings emits up to 464 mW of cw output power with beam quality factor M(2) = 1.9, for higher brightness than has ever been reported previously for an ICL. When the cavity length is reduced to 1 mm, both the 10-stage and 7-stage devices reach 18% cw wallplug efficiency at T = 25°C.
Refractive index and diameter measurements of unclad optical fibers (1974)

A new method is presented to determine the refractive index and the diameter of unclad optical fibers. The technique is based on an analysis of the back-scattered light when a beam from a cw laser impinges upon the fiber. A geometrical-optics analysis shows that the position of a sharp cutoff in the radiation pattern determines the refractive index, whereas the distance between certain successive minima gives the diameter. The theory is compared to experimental observations, with excellent agreement.
Non-linear operating point statistical analysis for local variations in logic timing at low voltage (2010)

For CMOS feature size of 65 nm and below, local (or intra-die or within-die) variations in transistor Vt contribute stochastic variation in logic delay that is a large percentage of the nominal delay. Moreover, when circuits are operated at low voltage (Vdd ≤ 0.5V), the standard deviation of gate delay becomes comparable to nominal delay, and the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the gate delay is highly non-Gaussian. This paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm for computing the PDF of logic Timing Path (TP) delay, which results from local variations. This approach is called Non-linear Operating Point Analysis for Local Variations (NLOPALV). The approach is implemented using commercial STA tools and integrated into the standard CAD flow using custom scripts. Timing paths from a 28nm commercial DSP are analyzed using the proposed technique and the performance is observed to be within 5% accuracy compared to SPICE based Monte-Carlo analysis.
Optimizing Speech Intelligibility in a Noisy Environment: A unified view (2015)

Modern communication technology facilitates communication from anywhere to anywhere. As a result, low speech intelligibility has become a common problem, which is exacerbated by the lack of feedback to the talker about the rendering environment. In recent years, a range of algorithms has been developed to enhance the intelligibility of speech rendered in a noisy environment. We describe methods for intelligibility enhancement from a unified vantage point. Before one defines a measure of intelligibility, the level of abstraction of the representation must be selected. For example, intelligibility can be measured on the message, the sequence of words spoken, the sequence of sounds, or a sequence of states of the auditory system. Natural measures of intelligibility defined at the message level are mutual information and the hit-or-miss criterion. The direct evaluation of high-level measures requires quantitative knowledge of human cognitive processing. Lower-level measures can be derived from higher-level measures by making restrictive assumptions. We discuss the implementation and performance of some specific enhancement systems in detail, including speech intelligibility index (SII)-based systems and systems aimed at enhancing the sound-field where it is perceived by the listener. We conclude with a discussion of the current state of the field and open problems.
Automated Auditory Mismatch Negativity Paradigm Improves Coma Prognostic Accuracy After Cardiac Arrest and Therapeutic Hypothermia (2014)

This automated ADP significantly improves early coma prognostic accuracy after cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia. The progression of auditory discrimination is strongly predictive of favorable recovery and appears complementary to existing prognosticators of poor outcome. Before routine implementation, validation on larger cohorts is warranted.
Owl: a new multimedia data splitting scheme for cluster video server (2002)

In cluster video servers, one of the important issues is how to store multimedia data on many storage nodes. This issue includes two topics: the scheme of splitting an entire file into many clips, and the storage of these clips on many nodes. Our work focuses on the first issue and proposes a new multimedia file splitting scheme. This scheme has universality for almost every media format and makes cluster video servers work efficiently. Besides, the scheme is feasible and easy to implement.
A new online image analyzer for macrocontaminants in recycled pulps (2012)

A new image analysis-based instrument has been developed for measurement of low density and high density macrocontaminants from recycled pulp or whitewater. The unit is coupled to a pulp classifier that isolates the contaminants from pulp and concentrates them before their transfer to a specialized chamber that further separates the contaminants based on their relative density to water. The low density contaminants float on the water surface, whereas the high density macrocontaminants sink onto the settling plate, where images of both contaminant types are then captured and analysed. Through image analysis, the high density contaminants are further classified into two categories: contaminants that are whitish in color and mainly comprised of stickies are named heavy stickies, whereas contaminants that are blackish in color and comprised of black toners and dark wood components are named dirt. When operating in the online mode with autosamplers delivering the samples to the pulp classifier, the instrument provides macrocontaminant determinations every 15 min. The total count and surface area of both types of macrocontaminants per kilograms of pulp can then be sent by direct link to the mill data control system, allowing an effective follow-up of macrocontaminant changes in process pulps and waters. The unit also allows the user to view images of the contaminants. The analyzer results obtained in terms of number and area of macrocontaminants show a linear relationship with TAPPI T-277 om-07 “Macro stickies content in pulp: the ‘pick-up’ method.”
Perturbed Square-Ring Slot Antenna With Reconfigurable Polarization (2009)

A perturbed slot with reconfigurable polarization that allows operation in left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), or linear polarization (LP) is presented. This antenna topology is well suited for wireless communications applications requiring polarization diversity since it provides the ability to switch between the three polarization states. This design is realizable in cost-effective printed circuit board technology, making it an attractive design for low-cost personal communications devices. An element was simulated, built, and tested to illustrate the electromagnetic polarization properties of each polarization state. While the simulation includes p-i-n diode switches, the measurements only use manual switching to prove the concept.
Total Luminous Flux Measurement System Using an Integrating Hemisphere Photometer (2010)

Integrating sphere photometers are simple systems to measure the total luminous flux. However, the issue of self-absorption exists especially for LED measurement. For example, a high-power LED includes parts other than the light emitting point in the integrating sphere, such as a large heat sink and electric circuit module. As a solution, we introduced the integrating hemisphere for the measurement of the total luminous flux of these devices. The integrating hemisphere was composed of a hemisphere whose inside wall was coated with BaSO4 and a high reflectance mirror, which was installed along the equatorial plane. The light source under test was set inside the hemisphere near the central part of the mirror. The spherical integration surface consisted of the real image on the integration hemisphere side and the virtual image on the mirror side because the light source was set up at the center of the mirror that was arranged in the equatorial plane. One of the advantages was that only the light source sat inside the integrating hemisphere while the lamp supporter, driving devices and other parts were outside. Even for the measurement of a high-power LED installed in a temperature control module with a large heat sink, only the illuminant part is in the integration space. Moreover, its emitting part was located at the center of an ideal integration space by the virtual image from the mirror. As a result, the self-absorption of the sample was be significantly reduced.
A 3D fiber probe based on orthogonal micro focal-length collimation and fiber Bragg grating (2016)

A 3D fiber probe is proposed for the precision measurement of micro parts with high aspect ratios. The probing system consists of two measuring systems: two mutually orthogonal micro focal-length collimation optical paths for the radial tactile probing measurement, and a matched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pair interrogation system for the axial tactile probing measurement. The fiber probe consists of a fiber stylus and a probe tip, the fiber stylus works as a micro focal-length cylindrical lens, and the FBG inscribed in the fiber stylus works as a measuring FBG. The radial displacement of the probe tip is transformed into the centroid position shift of the two mutually orthogonal micro focal-length collimation optical paths; the axial displacement of the probe tip is transformed into the power ratio change of the matched FBG pair interrogation system. Experimental results indicate that the probe has a radial sensitivity of 71 pixel μm−1 in both X and Y directions, and an axial sensitivity of 4.9% μm−1 in Z direction; the probe can reach a radial resolution of 5 nm, and an axial resolution of 8 nm. The probe has a capability of decoupling the 3D tactility and it can be applied in the measurement of micro parts.
An efficient and systematic method to generate xslt stylesheets for different wireless pervasive devices (2004)

It is a tedious and cumbersome process to update directly a WML document for the wireless Web because its content composes of both data and presentation. Thus, XML is used to handle the data while its XSLT stylesheet is used to extract and format the data for presentation. However, different stylesheets have to be used for different devices. An efficient and systematic method based on the idea of generating two separate sets of rules corresponding to content extracting and formatting parts of the stylesheet is described in this paper. The data extraction part is constructed from content rules while the formatting part is constructed from presentation rules. They are then combined together to form a stylesheet by an XSLT generator. A large number of stylesheets corresponding to different devices and a number of standard DTD documents or XML schemas can be generated in this way and stored in the pool during application setup stage. They will be individually selected from the pool by an XSLT engine to produce different WML documents for different devices during run time.
Refinements of Multi-Track Viterbi Bit-Detection (2007)

In optical storage, data can be arranged on the disc in a meta-spiral consisting of a large number of bit-rows with a small track-pitch. Successive revolutions of the meta-spiral are separated by a narrow guard band. For high storage densities, such a system results in severe 2-D inter-symbol interference. In the multi-track Viterbi algorithm (MVA) of Krishnamoorthi and Weeks, the complex problem of 2-D bit-detection is broken down into a number of smaller bit-detection problems on sets of adjacent bit-rows called stripes. We improve the bit error rate (bER) performance of such a 2-D bit-detector via a number of measures such as: 1) weighing of the separate contributions to the branch metrics from each bit-row in a stripe and 2) inclusion of an additional contribution to the branch metrics from a bit-row adjacent to a stripe. In addition, we reduce the computational complexity by varying the number of bit-rows per stripe during successive iterations of the MVA, and through the use of local sequence feedback.