gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Proteins of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus with Monoclonal Antibodies (1991)

Eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) were developed. These MAbs identified three isolates adapted to grow in the Marek's disease chicken cell line MSB1 (Cux-1, GA-1, and Conn-B) and the chicken-propagated CIA-1 isolate. All MAbs stained MSB1 in the same way with mostly perinuclear staining, although larger nuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic staining were also detected. None of the MAbs neutralized Cux-1. All MAbs reacted in a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Cux-1 antigen treated with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by extraction with chloroform, but not with MSB1 cells infected with Cux-1 or chloroform-extracts of these cells. Three viral proteins--VP1, VP2, and VP3--with estimated sizes of 45, 30, and 16 kilodaltons (kd), respectively, were immunoprecipitated using the MAbs and Cux-1-infected cell lysates. The 16-kd protein was the major VP. In addition, a 79-kd protein was detected in infected cell lysates by immunoprecipitation with CIAV-antibody-positive and -negative chicken serum, and CIAV-specific and non-specific MAbs.
ColabAR: A Toolkit for Remote Collaboration in Tangible Augmented Reality Laboratories (2022)

Current times are accelerating new technologies to provide high-quality education for remote collaboration, as well as hands-on learning. This is particularly important in the case of laboratory-based classes, which play an essential role in STEM education. In this paper, we introduce ColabAR, a toolkit that uses physical proxies to manipulate virtual objects in Tangible Augmented Reality (TAR) laboratories. ColabAR introduces haptic-based customizable interaction techniques to promote remote collaboration between students. Our toolkit provides hardware and software that enable haptic feedback to improve user experience and promote collaboration during learning. Also, we present the architecture of our cloud platform for haptic interaction that supports information sharing between students in a TAR laboratory. We performed two user studies (N=40) to test the effect of our toolkit in enriching local and remote collaborative experiences. Finally, we demonstrated that our TAR laboratory enables students' performance (i.e., lab completion rate, lab scores) to be similar to their performance in an in-person laboratory.
Progress towards an orthogonal strain state sensor based optical fiber technology (1999)

This paper describes a single micro-optical fiber sensor capable of measuring three strains simultaneously in a composite structure subjected to ballistic impact. The development of the sensor fabrication and signal processing techniques and finite element analysis are provided.
Real-Time PCR-Based Analysis of the Human Bile MicroRNAome Identifies miR-9 as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Biliary Tract Cancer (2011)

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is often difficult to diagnose definitively, even through histological examination. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a variety of physiological processes. In recent years, it has been suggested that profiles for circulating miRNAs, as well as those for tissue miRNAs, have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer. The aim of this study was to confirm the existence of miRNAs in human bile and to assess their potential as clinical biomarkers for BTC. We sampled bile from patients who underwent biliary drainage for biliary diseases such as BTC and choledocholithiasis. PCR-based miRNA detection and miRNA cloning were performed to identify bile miRNAs. Using high-throughput real-time PCR-based miRNA microarrays, the expression profiles of 667 miRNAs were compared in patients with malignant disease (n = 9) and age-matched patients with the benign disease choledocholithiasis (n = 9). We subsequently characterized bile miRNAs in terms of stability and localization. Through cloning and using PCR methods, we confirmed that miRNAs exist in bile. Differential analysis of bile miRNAs demonstrated that 10 of the 667 miRNAs were significantly more highly expressed in the malignant group than in the benign group at P<0.0005. Setting the specificity threshold to 100% showed that some miRNAs (miR-9, miR-302c*, miR-199a-3p and miR-222*) had a sensitivity level of 88.9%, and receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that miR-9 and miR-145* could be useful diagnostic markers for BTC. Moreover, we verified the long-term stability of miRNAs in bile, a characteristic that makes them suitable for diagnostic use in clinical settings. We also confirmed that bile miRNAs are localized to the malignant/benign biliary epithelia. These findings suggest that bile miRNAs could be informative biomarkers for hepatobiliary disease and that some miRNAs, particularly miR-9, may be helpful in the diagnosis and clinical management of BTC.
Isoform-Specific Increases in Murine Skeletal Muscle Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA in Response to β2-Adrenergic Receptor Activation and Exercise (2008)

Adrenergic receptor (AR) activation increases expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA, which may promote mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscles. An AR-activated increase in PGC-1alpha mRNA was observed in exercise. PGC-1alpha mRNA is considered a single transcript (PGC-1alpha-a); however, a transcript search of PGC-1alpha in expressed sequence tag libraries revealed that two novel isoforms of PGC-1alpha mRNA, named PGC-1alpha-b and PGC-1alpha-c, were expressed in mice tissues. Compared with PGC-1alpha-a mRNA (a previously described isoform), PGC-1alpha-b or PGC-1alpha-c mRNA was transcribed by a different exon 1 of the PGC-1alpha gene and produced slightly smaller-sized proteins. PGC-1alpha-b or PGC-1alpha-c protein was functional; both isoforms possessed transcriptional activity and could coactivate PPARs, similar to those in PGC-1alpha-a in vitro. Transgenic mice overexpressing PGC-1alpha-b or PGC-1alpha-c in skeletal muscles showed increased gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. In C57BL/6J mice, injection of the beta2-AR agonist clenbuterol increased PGC-1alpha-b and PGC-1alpha-c mRNA expression more than 350-fold, but not PGC-1alpha-a, in skeletal muscle. A single bout of exercise also increased PGC-1alpha-b and PGC-1alpha-c mRNAs, but not PGC-1alpha-a, in skeletal muscles. The increases in skeletal muscles in response to exercise were inhibited by pretreatment with the beta2-AR-specific inhibitor ICI 118,551. However, in liver, fasting increased PGC-1alpha-a mRNA, but not PGC-1alpha-b and PGC-1alpha-c mRNAs. These data indicate that AR activation is a major mechanism of an increase in PGC-1alpha expression in skeletal muscles, and the increase in PGC-1alpha mRNAs was isoform specific.
Exercise-induced Muscle-derived Cytokines Inhibit Mammary Cancer Cell Growth (2010)

PURPOSE: Regular physical activity protects against the development of cancer. This is in particular true for breast and colon cancer, where regular physical activity can reduce the risk of developing these with 25-30%. The mechanisms whereby physical activity protects against cancer are practically unknown. During exercise, humoral factors, known as myokines, are released from the working muscles to signal to other organs in an endocrine fashion. We hypothesized that these myokines may play a role in mediating the inhibitory effect of exercise on mammary cancer cell proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum and muscles were collected from mice following one hour of swimming exercise. Incubation with serum obtained after exercise inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 mammary cancer cell line by 52% and increased caspase activity with 54%. PCR array analysis (CAPM-0838E, SABiosciences) revealed that 8 genes were up- regulated in the muscles after one hour of swimming, and of these Oncostatin M (OSM) proved to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth by 42%, increase caspase activity by 53% and induce apoptosis as determined by annexin-streptavidin staining. To verify that OSM was a myokine, we measured serum OSM concentrations and OSM expression in several tissues following a bout of swimming exercise. OSM was significantly up-regulated in serum and in the 3 muscles: tibialis cranialis, gastronemius and soleus. In contrast, OSM expression remained unchanged in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, liver and spleen (mononuclear cells) after the swimming exercise bout. CONCLUSION: post exercise serum inhibits mammary cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of these cells. We suggest that one or more myokines secreted from working muscles, may be mediating this effect and that OSM is a possible candidate.
Subsea Separation: An Economic Method for Submarginal Fields (1989)

ABSTRACT BOET have recently developed an economic method for the production of submarginal oil fields (less than 30mb recoverable reserves). Following feasibility studies and the development of the conceptual design, a 5,000 bid pilot unit has been constructed to prove the concept and was installed on Hamilton Is Argyll Field in the North Sea during the latter half of 1988. This paper presents the concept, potential market, economics and provides an overview of the pilot unit. A comparison is also made with other production methods for submarginal fields. INTRODUCTION Project Objectives The objective of the project was to develop a subsea separation system that would enable an operator to develop a small oil field that would not be economic by other methods. Such a field is likely to have less than 30 million barrels recoverable reserves, be located in 200–600ft. water depth, and be over 10-15km from an existing platform. Small field developments can generally be categorised into three groups as shown in Fig. 1:within 10–15km of a platform where it will probably be developed subsea using a simple tie-back to a platform;within 15–25km of a platform (extended step-out) where it will require pumping, and can benefit from separation of the liquids and gas such that known (i. e. single phase) pipeline and pump experience and equipment can be used;beyond 25km (isolated fields) and cannot support a pipeline and thus will rely on tanker export.The subsea separation project is directed at the latter two cases i. e. extended step-out and isolated fields. Project Programme The project is being 'undertaken within a 30 month timescale in the following phases: PHASE 1: Which commenced in November 1986 consisted of:- Feasibility and Market Study 3 months An assessment of the technical feasibility of subsea separation and storage, and how it would compare in cost with other methods being considered for small field development. Conceptual Design 9 months The conceptual design of a unit which an operator can install on a short life field, develop the field profitably and subsequently redeploy on another field.
Thermal rearrangement of vinylallenes: synthesis of 3-deoxy-1.alpha.-hydroxy-14-epiprevitamin D3 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal rearrangement of vinylallenes: synthesis of 3-deoxy-1.alpha.-hydroxy-14-epiprevitamin D3S. Jeganathan, Allen D. Johnston, Elizabeth A. Kuenzel, Anthony W. Norman, and William H. OkamuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 12, 2152–2158Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00186a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00186a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Arylphosphonic Acid Monoethyl Esters with Alkenes: Efficient Synthesis of Benzoxaphosphole 1-Oxides (2013)

Rhodium-catalyzed tandem oxidative alkenylation and an intramolecular oxy-Michael reaction were developed using arylphosphonic acid monoethyl esters and alkenes under aerobic conditions, which produced benzoxaphosphole 1-oxides in good to excellent yields.
Efficient Light Harvesting by Using Green Zn-Porphyrin-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> Films (2005)

A series of novel zinc metalloporphyrins, cyano-3-(2'-(5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II))yl)-acrylic acid (Zn-3), 3-(trans-2'-(5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II))yl)-acrylic acid (Zn-5), 2-cyano-5-(2'-(5',10',15',20'-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II))yl)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid (Zn-8), 4-(trans-2'-(2' '-(5' ',10' ',15' ',20' '-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II))yl)ethen-1'-yl))-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (Zn-11), and 2-cyano-3-[4'-(trans-2' '-(2' ''-(5' '',10' '',15' '',20' ''-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II))yl) ethen-1' '-yl)-phenyl]-acrylic acid (Zn-13) were synthesized and characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations show that key molecular orbitals (MOs) of porphyrins Zn-5 and Zn-3 are stabilized and extended out onto the substituent by pi-conjugation, causing enhancement and red shifts of visible transitions and increasing the possibility of electron transfer from the substituent. The porphyrins were investigated for conversion of sunlight into electricity by constructing dye-sensitized TiO(2) solar cells using an I(-)/I(3)(-) electrolyte. The cells yield close to 85% incident photon-to-current efficiencies (IPCEs), and under standard AM 1.5 sunlight, the Zn-3-sensitized solar cell demonstrates a short circuit photocurrent density of 13.0 +/- 0.5 mA/cm(2), an open-circuit voltage of 610 +/- 50 mV, and a fill factor of 0.70 +/- 0.03. This corresponds to an overall conversion efficiency of 5.6%, making it the most efficient porphyrin-sensitized solar cell reported to date.
Patients' Perceptions of Cholesterol, Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and Risk Communication Strategies (2006)

Complex explanations about cholesterol and CVD risk appear to be insufficient for motivating behavior change. A cardiovascular risk-adjusted age calculator is one strategy that may engage patients in recognizing their CVD risk and, when accompanied by information about risk reduction, may be helpful in communicating risk to patients.
Integration, expression and germ-line transmission of growth-related genes in pigs. (1990)

We have produced transgenic pigs that harbour structural genes for bovine and human growth hormone (bGH and hGH) ligated to a mouse metallothionein-I (MT) promoter, human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) ligated to the MT or mouse albumin (ALB) promoter, and human insulin-like growth factor-I (hIGF-I) ligated to MT promoter. From 0.31 to 1.03% of microinjected ova developed into transgenic pigs with the various fusion genes. Foreign GH was present in plasma of 61% of the MT-hGH and 89% of the MT-bGH transgenic pigs. Two of 7 pigs with MT-hGRF and all 3 ALB-hGRF transgenic pigs had high concentrations of GRF in their plasma, but plasma concentrations of porcine GH (pGH) were not higher in GRF transgenic pigs than in littermate control pigs. In contrast, plasma concentrations at birth ranged from 3 to 949 ng hGH/ml for MT-hGH transgenic pigs and 5 to 944 ng bGH/ml for MT-bGH transgenic pigs. Presence of the foreign GH depressed endogenous pGH to non-detectable levels. In MT-bGH transgenic pigs, plasma IGF-I was elevated more than 2-fold, plasma glucose was elevated about 30 mg/dl, and plasma insulin was 20-fold higher than in littermate or sibling control pigs. Two lines of pigs expressing the MT-bGH transgene gained 11.1% and 13.7% faster, and were 18% more efficient in converting feed to body weight gain than were sibling control pigs. Expression of the MT-bGH transgene caused a marked repartitioning of nutrients from subcutaneous fat into other carcass components, including muscle, skin, bone and certain organs. The persistent excess hGH or bGH in transgenic pigs was detrimental to general health; lameness, lethargy and gastric ulcers were the most prevalent problems. Gilts that expressed the hGH or bGH transgenes were anoestrous. Germ-line transmission was obtained in 4 of 5 expressing transgenic boars and 4 of 5 nonexpressing transgenic boars and gilts. From 2% to 73% of progeny inherited a transgene from founder transgenics. All transgenic progeny of MT-hGH, MT-bGH and MT-hGRF founder males expressed the transgene if their sire also expressed the gene. The concentration of bGH or hGH in plasma of transgenic progeny was similar to the concentration present in the founder transgenic.
Auto-Dialabel: Labeling Dialogue Data with Unsupervised Learning (2018)

The lack of labeled data is one of the main challenges when building a task-oriented dialogue system. Existing dialogue datasets usually rely on human labeling, which is expensive, limited in size, and in low coverage. In this paper, we instead propose our framework auto-dialabel to automatically cluster the dialogue intents and slots. In this framework, we collect a set of context features, leverage an autoencoder for feature assembly, and adapt a dynamic hierarchical clustering method for intent and slot labeling. Experimental results show that our framework can promote human labeling cost to a great extent, achieve good intent clustering accuracy (84.1%), and provide reasonable and instructive slot labeling results.
Cloning and Expression of the <i>algL</i> Gene, Encoding the <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i> Alginate Lyase: Purification and Characterization of the Enzyme (1999)

The alginate lyase-encoding gene (algL) of Azotobacter chroococcum was localized to a 3.1-kb EcoRI DNA fragment that revealed an open reading frame of 1,116 bp. This open reading frame encodes a protein of 42.98 kDa, in agreement with the value previously reported by us for this protein. The deduced protein has a potential N-terminal signal peptide that is consistent with its proposed periplasmic location. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the gene sequence has a high homology (90% identity) to the Azotobacter vinelandii gene sequence, which has very recently been deposited in the GenBank database, and that it has 64% identity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene sequence but that it has rather low homology (15 to 22% identity) to the gene sequences encoding alginate lyase in other bacteria. The A. chroococcum AlgL protein was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity in a two-step chromatography procedure on hydroxyapatite and phenyl-Sepharose. The kinetic and molecular parameters of the recombinant alginate lyase are similar to those found for the native enzyme.
Rotating disk device for slit radiography of the chest. (1980)

A pair of rapidly rotating disks was assembled with multiple radial slits for obtaining chest radiographs in 1/60-1/20 sec., using automatic exposure timing, without visible images of individual slits. Substantial reduction of scattered radiation levels is achieved (one half to one fourth), especially in the retrocardiac and central mediastinal areas of the chest film. Full realization of the potential contrast improvement resulting from this degree of scatter reduction is impaired by the limited latitude of x-ray films used for radiography. These problems and potential solutions are discussed.
Modeling and Simulation of a Divided Wall Column for 1,3 Butadiene Purification (2015)

The distillation process remains as the most common method ofseparation in chemical process industries. The energy used from this process accounts for an estimated 3% of the world energy consumption. The Dividing-Wall Column (DWC) for separation of multi-component mixtures has recently become a major concern ofindustries. The design ofDWC is based on Thermally Coupled Distillation System (TCDS) eliminating some of the operational equipment. This paper presents the results of simulation of a DWC by using 3-simple sequence column model based on shortcut method by a commercial chemical Engineering software for purification of1,3 butadiene unit. From the results, it is shown, by using a DWC instead of two conventional sequential column, the heat duties ofboth the condenser and the reboiler are reduced about 28.5% and also desirable purity ofthe key-components for the case ofstudy have been achieved.
Cyclin D1 protein oscillates and is essential for cell cycle progression in human tumour cell lines. (1994)

Among the key cell cycle regulators, cyclin D1 has been implicated most strongly in oncogenesis. This G1 cyclin is a putative proto-oncogene whose clonal rearrangement and/or amplification and mRNA overexpression occurs in several types of human neoplasias. We have now raised a series of monoclonal antibodies to human cyclin D1 and analysed its regulation at the protein level in 40 human tumour cell lines. We found that 12 cell lines displayed low or undetectable cyclin D1 protein level, while the remaining lines accumulated the protein to a level comparable to, or moderately higher than, that of four normal diploid non-immortalized cell types. The cell cycle-dependent oscillation and subcellular localization of cyclin D1 were similar in both tumour and normal cells. The protein localized to the nucleus of G1 cells, and it was reduced to immunocytochemically undetectable level in DNA-replicating cells. At the functional level, microinjection and electroporation of anti-D1 antibodies revealed that in most tumour cell lines studied, including those with amplification at the cyclin D1 locus, this cyclin is essential for cell cycle progression in G1. Some tumours, however, seem to have evolved mechanism(s) that enable them to bypass the requirement for functional cyclin D1.
Influence of γ‐irradiation on poly(methyl methacrylate) (2002)

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was γ‐irradiated (5–20 kGy) by a 137 Cs source at room temperature in air. The changes in the molecular structure attributed to γ‐irradiation were studied by mechanical testing (flexure and hardness), size‐exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and both Fourier transform infrared and solution 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the influence of the dose of γ rays on the fracture behavior of PMMA. The experimental results confirm that the PMMA degradation process involves chain scission. It was also observed that PMMA presents a brittle fracture mechanism and modifications in the color, becoming yellowish. The mechanical property curves show a similar pattern when the γ‐radiation dose increases. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 886–895, 2002