gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CEnPiT: Helical cardiac CT reconstruction (2006)

Computer tomography (CT) scanners with an increasing number of detector rows offer the potential of shorter scanning times. Nevertheless, the reconstruction problem becomes more challenging, since cone beam artifacts are likely to enter. Here, we consider helical cardiac CT. We analyze how a relationship can be established between exact reconstruction algorithms and the demand to perform a cardiac gating. Utilizing the redundancies requires the consideration of all kinds of Radon planes. For the reconstruction algorithm proposed here, we separate the data into two parts. The first part contains contributions of Radon planes, which are measured with a large number of redundancies. The second part contains the remaining contributions. As it turns out, the second part contributes rather to the low-frequency contents of trans-axial slices. Therefore, we propose to perform a gated back-projection only for the first part, while the second part is back-projected in an ungated way. Data from the complete source trajectory are employed in the reconstruction process in contrary to conventional helical cardiac reconstruction methods. Moreover, all different types of Radon planes are taken into account in the reconstruction, though an ECG-dependent cardiac gating is applied. The reconstruction results, which we present for clinical and simulated data, demonstrate the high potential of CEnPiT for helical cardiac CT with large cone angle systems.
Variable Speed induction Motor Drives Use Electronic Slip Calculator Based on Motor Voltages and Currents (1975)

In certain types of adjustable frequency induction motor drives, optimal control of the motor can be best implemented by using information on the motor slip frequency. Unfortunately, this generally requires the use of an electromechanical speed transducer coupled to the shaft. The presence of this transducer spoils the general characteristics of ruggedness and mechanical simplicity typical of an ac drive. This paper discusses an improved method of obtaining the slip information without the use of rotary transducers of any kind. By sensing the electrical quantities applied to the motor (voltages, currents, and phases) and by performing simple signal processing operations on the sensed quantities, an analog signal proportional to the slip level is derived and used in motor control functions.
Automatic anatomy recognition of sparse objects (2015)

A general body-wide automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) methodology was proposed in our previous work based on hierarchical fuzzy models of multitudes of objects which was not tied to any specific organ system, body region, or image modality. That work revealed the challenges encountered in modeling, recognizing, and delineating sparse objects throughout the body (compared to their non-sparse counterparts) if the models are based on the object’s exact geometric representations. The challenges stem mainly from the variation in sparse objects in their shape, topology, geographic layout, and relationship to other objects. That led to the idea of modeling sparse objects not from the precise geometric representations of their samples but by using a properly designed optimal super form. This paper presents the underlying improved methodology which includes 5 steps: (a) Collecting image data from a specific population group G and body region Β and delineating in these images the objects in Β to be modeled; (b) Building a super form, S-form, for each object O in Β; (c) Refining the S-form of O to construct an optimal (minimal) super form, S*-form, which constitutes the (fuzzy) model of O; (d) Recognizing objects in Β using the S*-form; (e) Defining confounding and background objects in each S*-form for each object and performing optimal delineation. Our evaluations based on 50 3D computed tomography (CT) image sets in the thorax on four sparse objects indicate that substantially improved performance (FPVF~2%, FNVF~10%, and success where the previous approach failed) can be achieved using the new approach.
577. Distribution, Time Course, In-Vivo Imaging, Expression and Inflammatory Response after Non-Viral Gene Delivery to Rat and Primate CNS (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Gene delivery may provide both pre-operative neuroprotection before procedures with a predictable high risk, as well as an effective therapy after post-traumatic or ischemic CNS or spinal cord injury. Both DNA and mRNA can be delivered by non-viral, cationic lipid-mediated methods 1, 2. We describe and quantitate extensive distribution, uptake, and cellular expression, including in vivo imaging, in the CNS of the rat of reporter genes such as GFP, luciferase, and Hsp70, in cells which include neurons. PCR and immunohistochemistry results confirm extensive distribution and uptake throughout primate CNS.

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are rapidly induced by severe stress. The inducible Hsp70 is protective in whole animals, isolated organs and cells subjected to heat shock against a subsequent near lethal ischemic or hypoxic event. However, the induction of protective intracellular responses by heat shock is not clinically useful.

Using methods identical to those for rodent experiments, a single injection of 50 |[mu]|g/kg of GFP-expressing DNA vector with cationic lipid (MLRI) was injected into free CSF in the cistern of anesthetized animals. After recovery from the anesthetic, normal behavior was observed for various times from 24 hours to 6 months, then sacrificed and perfused. At necropsy, blood, CSF and 50 tissues are analyzed for vector copies, and expression is characterized by immunohistochemistry of brain sections. Experiments in human CSF (2) confirm extended protection from degradation of mRNA by CNS RNases using these formulation techniques. In-vivo imaging in rat CNS (Xenogen IVIS) shows a peak at 72 hours after DNA delivery, with signal persisting to at least 18 days. mRNA expression in vivo has much more rapid onset, peak, and decay. Neuroprotection strategies designed for pre-operative use will also have significant application following stroke, brain or spinal cord trauma, or neurodegenerative disease. (See Table)
Colonic Phenotypes Are Associated with Poorer Response to Anti-TNF Therapies in Patients with IBD (2017)

Our results may help to optimize the use of anti-TNF agents in clinical practice and position these therapies appropriately as clinicians strive for a more personalized approach to managing IBD.
Immune history shapes specificity of pandemic H1N1 influenza antibody responses (2013)

Human antibody responses against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus are predominantly directed against conserved epitopes in the stalk and receptor-binding domain of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. This is in stark contrast to pH1N1 antibody responses generated in ferrets, which are focused on the variable Sa antigenic site of HA. Here, we show that most humans born between 1983 and 1996 elicited pH1N1 antibody responses that are directed against an epitope near the HA receptor-binding domain. Importantly, most individuals born before 1983 or after 1996 did not elicit pH1N1 antibodies to this HA epitope. The HAs of most seasonal H1N1 (sH1N1) viruses that circulated between 1983 and 1996 possess a critical K133 amino acid in this HA epitope, whereas this amino acid is either mutated or deleted in most sH1N1 viruses circulating before 1983 or after 1996. We sequentially infected ferrets with a 1991 sH1N1 virus and then a pH1N1 virus. Sera isolated from these animals were directed against the HA epitope involving amino acid K133. These data suggest that the specificity of pH1N1 antibody responses can be shifted to epitopes near the HA receptor-binding domain after sequential infections with sH1N1 and pH1N1 viruses that share homology in this region.
Growth Suppression of Human Coronary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Gene Transfer of the Transcription Factor E2F-1 (2001)

Overexpression of the transcription factor E2F-1 regulates growth of human coronary VSMCs by forcing the cells to enter the S phase and then to die. Cell death appears to involve caspase 3-like activity, which, in the VSMCs, is markedly increased by overexpression of E2F-1.
A new family of geodesic lenses for waveguide optical devices (1987)

A new family of geodesic lenses is described. The design procedure is analytical and allows one to project lenses with diffraction limited aperture larger than 60 percent of the dimple diameter. A simplified profile of the outer rim has been introduced which avoids any critical region both for radiation and transition losses; as a consequence total losses of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5 \times 10^{-2}</tex> dB become achievable. Moreover the simplified profile should make the substrate grinding and polishing easier. Two lenses belonging to this new family have been fabricated on glass with ion exchanged waveguides. The substrate shaping was performed by means of a simple machine for optical manufacturing and a talystep to check up the profile. With a beam width equal to 50 percent of the total lens diameter, focal spot sizes of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15-18 \mu</tex> m have been achieved. There was no evidence of additional losses due to the lenses.
Vibration Sensing and Energy Harvesting Using Ultra-Long Vertically Aligned Array of Barium Titanate Nanowires (2012)

In this paper, novel ultra-long aligned array of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) nanowires (NWs) was used to fabricate piezoelectric sensors and investigate their vibration sensing and energy harvesting potential. The acceleration sensing characteristics of the piezoelectric BaTiO3 NWs based sensor was presented by conducting vibration excitation experiments induced from an electromagnetic shaker. Two different top electrode configurations which include a melted Indium and a short cantilever Indium beam located over the BaTiO3 NWs surface were utilized to study the acceleration sensing and energy harvesting scope respectively. The results shown validate their excellent energy conversion capabilities and demonstrate linear behavior over a wide frequency spectrum which elucidates their potential to be developed as advanced sensors and high efficiency vibrational energy harvesting devices.
No Effects of Estrogen Receptor Overexpression on Gonadal Sex Differentiation and Reversal in Medaka Fish (2003)

In order to elucidate a possible role of estrogen receptor in the gonadal sex differentiation and the sex reversal with sex steroids, we examined for the formation of testis or ovary in transgenic medaka fish overexpressing the medaka estrogen receptor under the constitutive medaka beta-actin promoter. The transgenic fish underwent the genetically determined gonadal differentiation and showed the same sex-reversal rates as those of wild-type non-transgenic fish after treatments with estrogen and androgen. These results present invaluable data to reconsider the role of estrogen receptor in the gonadal sex determination.
A New Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3E,5Z-Undecatriene (1992)

Abstract 1,3E,5Z-Undecatriene is synthesized by coupling of Z-heptenyl copper reagent, obtained through carbocupration of acetylene, with 1-chloro-1E,3-butadiene, in the presence of 5% NiCl2(PPh3)2
Design of torque actuator based on ferromagnetic shape memory alloy composite (2004)

Experimental tests were conducted on a torque actuator based on ferromagnetic shape memory alloy composite and performance data obtained. Based on experimental results of the initial design, several design changes were made to the actuator that resulted in improved torque capability and maximum angle of twist compared to the original design. A full 3-D finite element method model was undertaken to optimize magnetic flux lines generated by the hybrid magnet.
A classification scheme for acoustical room responses (2002)

Room acoustical modes, particularly in small rooms, cause a significant variation in the room responses measured at different locations. Responses measured only a few cm apart can vary by up to 15-20 dB at certain frequencies. This makes it difficult to equalize an audio system for multiple simultaneous listeners. Previous methods have utilized multiple microphones and spatial averaging with equal weighting. We determine representative prototypical room responses derived from several room responses that share similar characteristics. We present a fuzzy unsupervised technique for finding similarities between room responses by clustering the room responses, and determining their prototypical responses. These prototypical responses can then be combined to form a general point response. When we use the inverse of the general point response as an equalizing filter, our results show a significant improvement in equalization performance over single point equalization and spatial averaging methods. Our method also allows a unique determination of the optimal number of representatives that are required for a given set of room responses. Applications of this method thus include equalization and multiple point sound control at home and in automobiles.
Preservation of DNA in nuclease-rich samples using magnetic ionic liquids (2016)

Magnetic ionic liquids (MIL) can serve as DNA preservation media in nuclease-rich environments. Plasmid DNA exhibited structural stability for up to 1 week in MILs.
Extremum Seeking Control with an Adaptive Gain Based On Gradient Estimation Error (2021)

This paper presents an extremum seeking control algorithm with an adaptive step-size that adjusts the aggressiveness of the controller based on the quality of the gradient estimate. The adaptive step-size ensures that the integral-action produced by the gradient descent does not destabilize the closed-loop system. To quantify the quality of the gradient estimate, we present a batch least squares estimator with a novel weighting and show that it produces bounded estimation errors, where the uncertainty is due to the curvature of the unknown cost function. The adaptive step-size then maximizes the decrease of the combined plant and controller Lyapunov function for the worst-case estimation error. We prove that our ESC is input-to-state stable with respect to the dither signal. Finally, we demonstrate our proposed ESC through five numerical examples; one illustrative, one practical, and three benchmarks.
Hybrid-mode horn antenna with design-specific aperture distribution and gain (2004)

Horn antennas with high directivity or high aperture efficiency are required as feed horns in multibeam reflector antennas and as an element in limited scan arrays. Candidate high directivity horns for circular polarization often suffer from limited bandwidth, complex design or limited aperture size. In this paper a relatively simple dielectric-loaded hybrid mode horn with high efficiency under balanced hybrid conditions (low cross-polarization) is presented. The horn meets the so-called hard boundary conditions, supporting a TEM mode inside the horn at the design frequency. Like other hybrid mode horns this horn is not limited in aperture size, and works for linear and circular polarization. The concept also allows for the design of any boundary conditions between soft and hard.
The potential role of α<sub>2</sub>‐macroglobulin in the control of cysteine proteinases (gingipains) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (1997)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely associated with the development of some forms of periodontitis. The major cysteine proteinases released by this bacterium hydrolyze peptide bonds only after arginyl (gingipain R) or lysyl residues (gingipain K). No target protein inhibitors have been identified for either enzyme, leading us to investigate their inhibition by human plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). Both 50- and 95 kDa gingipain R were efficiently inhibited by alpha 2M, whereas the catalytic activity of gingipain K could not be eliminated. All 3 enzymes were, however, inhibited by a homologous macroglobulin from rat plasma, alpha 1-inhibitor-3 (alpha 1I3). alpha-Macroglobulins must be cleaved in the so-called "bait region" in order to inhibit proteinases by a mechanism involving physical entrapment of the enzyme. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of the 2 macroglobulins indicates that the lack of lysyl residues within the bait region of alpha 2M protects Lys-specific proteinases from being trapped. On this basis, other highly specific proteinases might also not be inhibited by alpha 2M, possibly explaining the inability of the inhibitor to control proteolytic activity in some bacterially induced inflammatory states, despite its abundance (2-5 mg/ml) in vascular fluids.
Design and operation of a 150 W near diffraction-limited laser amplifier with SBS wavefront correction (1995)

The design and operation of a Nd:glass regenerative amplifier using a stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phase conjugate mirror is presented. The system can be operated at 25-30 J per pulse with a pulse width of 14 ns and a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 6 Hz. This results in an average output power of >150 W with a peak power of 2 GW. The experimentally measured divergence of the amplifier output is 1.25/spl times/ the diffraction limit and it can be frequency doubled with >80% efficiency. The detailed considerations required for this specific amplifier design are discussed as well as how these considerations apply to the design of high average power, high beam quality laser systems in general.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitrogen‐Enriched Core‐Shell Structured Fe/Fe<sub>3</sub>C‐C Nanorods as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2012)

A cost-effective route for the preparation of Fe(3) C-based core-shell structured catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions was developed. The novel catalysts generated a much higher power density (i.e., three times higher at R(ex) of 1 Ω) than the Pt/C in microbial fuel cells. Furthermore, the N-Fe/Fe(3)C@C features an ultralow cost and excellent long-term stability suitable for mass production.
Constant frequency resonant DC/DC converters with zero switching losses (1994)

This paper presents two distinct resonant DC/DC converter topologies which operate at a constant frequency and exhibit near zero switching losses. The proposed topologies also feature 1) near zero turn-on turn-off and snubber losses, 2) low voltage stresses across the switches of the full-bridge and output diodes, 3) reduced requirements for output filter, and 4) no added penalty on conduction losses, at full-load. Both topologies described comprise a series and a parallel branch. The topologies can be distinguished from each other by the nature of the series branch. The topology described first consists of an inductor and a capacitor for the series branch. This topology is well suited for low input voltage, low output voltage, and high output current systems. The topology described in the later parts of the paper comprise just an inductor in the series branch. This topology is well suited for high voltage, high power systems with ultra low ripple requirements. A detailed description of the converters along with possible verification is established covering each of the above mentioned topologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bleaching Deinked Pulp with Ozonl-Based, Reductive-Oxidative. (1995)

Ozone bleaching applied to secondary fibers represents a new area of development for the recycled paper industry. The objective of this paper is to present data related to ozone-based bleaching technology. For this purpose, wood-free deinked office waste (low mechanical pulp content) was bleached by 13 different methods. The comparison includes Air Liquide's reductive-oxidative proprietary process called RedoxalTM and other chlorine-based or chlorine-free bleaching alternatives.The results show that reductive-oxidative, ozone-based bleaching sequences are able to produce pulp with excellent optical and mechanical properties at very competitive chemical cost, providing an efficient alternative for TCF bleaching of recycled fibers for market pulp, tissue, and printing and writing products.
Spreadsheets for stream processing with unbounded windows and partitions (2016)

Stream processing is a computational paradigm that allows the analysis of live data streams as they are produced. This paper describes a programming model, based on enhancements to spreadsheets, that enables users with limited programming experience to participate directly in the development of complex streaming applications. The programming model augments a conventional spreadsheet with streaming features that permit operating over unbounded data sets despite the finite interface provided by the spreadsheet. The new constructs include time-based windows and partitioning. We introduce a spreadsheet compiler that generates C++ code to achieve integration with existing stream processing systems. Our experimental study illustrates the expressivity of the new features and finds that our implementation is between 8x slower and 2x faster than hand-written stream programs.
Single-cell gap polymer-stabilized fringe-field switching transflective liquid crystal display (2016)

Transflective liquid crystal displays are highly desired for mobile devices because they can be operated either in transmissive mode, illuminated by backlight in dark ambient light conditions, or reflective mode, illuminated by ambient light in bright ambient light conditions. We developed a single-cell gap transflective display based on fringe-field switching. The display consists of transmissive and reflective subpixels whose operations are synchronized through polymer stabilization. This display has a high contrast ratio because the transmittance-voltage dependences of the two subpixels are similar (they are both in dark state at 0 V and in bright state at an applied voltage) and do not interfere with each other. It has the advantages of single-cell gap and no in-cell retarder and its manufacturing process is simple.
Determining the resolution of scanned document images (1999)

Given the existence of digital scanners, printers and fax machines, documents can undergo a history of sequential reproductions. One of the most important determiners of the quality of the resulting image is the set of underlying resolutions at which the images were scanned and binarized. In particular, a low resolution scan produces a noticeable degradation of image quality, and produces a set of printed fonts that cause omnifront OCR systems to operate with a relatively high error rate. This error rate can be reduced if the OCR system is trained on text having fax scanner degradations, but this also requires that the OCR system can determine in advance if such degraded fonts are present.
Three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography through coherent-weighted focal-line-based image reconstruction (2017)

Here, we introduce a new image reconstruction algorithm that combines coherent weighting with focal-line-based three-dimensional image reconstruction. The new algorithm addresses the major limitation of a linear ultrasound transducer array, i.e., the poor elevation resolution, and does not require any modification to the imaging system or the scanning geometry. We first numerically validated our approach through simulation and then experimentally tested it in phantom and <i>in vivo</i>. Both simulation and experimental results proved that the method can significantly improve the elevation resolution (up to 3.4 times in our experiment) and enhance object contrast.