gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double half RF pulses for reduced sensitivity to eddy currents in UTE imaging (2009)

Abstract Ultrashort echo time imaging with half RF pulse excitation is challenging as eddy currents induced by the slice‐select gradient distort the half pulse slice profile. This work presents two pulses with T 2 ‐dependent slice profiles that are less sensitive to eddy currents. The double half pulse improves the slice selectivity for long T 2 components, while the inverted double half pulse suppresses the unwanted long T 2 signal. Thus, both approaches prevent imperfect cancellation of out‐of‐slice signal from contaminating the desired slice. Experimental results demonstrate substantially improved slice selectivity and R 2 * quantitation accuracy with these pulses. These pulses are effective in making short T 2 imaging and quantitation less sensitive to eddy currents and provide an alternative to time‐consuming gradient characterization. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of demethyl derivatives of istamycin A. (1980)

4-N,6'-N,3-O-Tridemethylistamycin A0 (9) and 6'N,3-O-didemethylistamycin A0 (15) were synthesized from 3,2',6'-tri-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3',4'-dideoxyneamine 1,6-carbamate (1) through an aziridine derivative 6 by an analogous procedure employed in the total synthesis of istamycin A0 (19). Acylation of 15 with glycine at the 4-methylamino group gave 6'-N,3-O-didemethylistamycin A (18) having interesting activities especially against pseudomonas, but 4-N,6'-N,3-O-tridemethylistamycin A (12) derived from 9 showed only weak activity. Therefore, the 4-N-methyl group of istamycin A (20) is essential for the antimicrobial activity.
High-speed analog refractive-index modulator that uses a chiral smectic liquid crystal (1994)

We demonstrate a fast liquid-crystal analog phase modulator composed of a homeotropically aligned electroclinic chiral smectic liquid crystal. Pure phase modulation is obtained by electrical modulation of the refractive index of the liquid crystal. A refractive-index change of 0.045 can be obtained at a 5-micros switching speed with a 15-V/microm applied electric field by use of the commercial electroclinic chiral smectic liquid crystal mixture BDH764E. This results in a pi phase modulation depth at lambda = 0.633 microm in a device of 10-microm thickness.
A stochastic model to quantify the steady-state crustal geotherms subject to uncertainties in thermal conductivity (1999)

In this communication the 1-D steady-state heat conduction problem is solved in a stochastic framework incorporating uncertainties in the depth-dependent thermal conductivity. For this purpose, a new approach to the perturbation method, an expansion series method, which allows for the incorporation of a large variance in the controlling parameters, has been used. This method helps in avoiding assumptions on the probability distribution of the parameter and instead uses information pertaining to the mean and spatial correlation structure. This information is easily available in most geological situations and hence the thermal conductivity is assumed to have a Gaussian coloured noise correlation structure. With this information the stochastic heat conduction equation in equilibrium is solved and analytical expressions for the first two moments, that is, the mean and variance of the temperature field, are obtained. The expression for variance shows that it is highly dependent on the coefficient of variability of thermal conductivity, on the correlation length scale and on the depth. The methodology developed has been applied to quantify the steady-state geotherms, along with their associated error bounds, on a standard crustal model.
Inhomogeneously broadened fiber-amplifier cascades for transparent multiwavelength lightwave networks (1995)

The emergence of practical fiber-amplifier chains has swiftly raised the prospect of transparent lightwave networks, in which signals travel from source to destination through a sequence of intermediate nodes without optoelectronic conversion. When such networks employ multiple wavelengths, however, some of the most substantial new research challenges are those posed by the amplifier chains themselves. Such networks suffer from accumulating interchannel power spread, from sensitivity to interamplifier loss variations, and from transient cross saturation, as the network undergoes reconfiguration. All of these difficulties effectively vanish in a chain of saturated lightwave amplifiers whose per-channel gains are decoupled by, e.g., inhomogeneous broadening. Unlike conventional, homogeneously broadened systems, saturated fiber-amplifier chains with decoupled gain dynamics provide automatic channel-by-channel power regulation, tolerance to interamplifier loss variations, and immunity to transient cross saturation. Thus, if amplifiers with such decoupled gain dynamics can be implemented in a practical way, they promise to solve-in a single stroke-several of the most substantial technological challenges facing transparent multiwavelength lightwave networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assisting Composition of Email Responses: a Topic Prediction Approach (2015)

We propose an approach for helping agents compose email replies to customer requests. To enable that, we use LDA to extract latent topics from a collection of email exchanges. We then use these latent topics to label our data, obtaining a so-called "silver standard" topic labelling. We exploit this labelled set to train a classifier to: (i) predict the topic distribution of the entire agent's email response, based on features of the customer's email; and (ii) predict the topic distribution of the next sentence in the agent's reply, based on the customer's email features and on features of the agent's current sentence. The experimental results on a large email collection from a contact center in the tele- com domain show that the proposed ap- proach is effective in predicting the best topic of the agent's next sentence. In 80% of the cases, the correct topic is present among the top five recommended topics (out of fifty possible ones). This shows the potential of this method to be applied in an interactive setting, where the agent is presented a small list of likely topics to choose from for the next sentence.
Evaluation of Ultra High Speed Micro Traction Drive (2005)

Micro traction drive is a device to transmit driving force modified from angular ball bearing. The micro traction drive consists of an input/inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling element, a retainer/output shaft, and a casing. In addition, the micro traction drive of the tandem type that combined two bearings was developed to obtain a big reduction ratio. As a result, we are able to attain the reduction ratio 7.3. Traction oil on the market was sealed in the test piece for oil bath lubrication. Input shaft could be driven with a motor in ultra high speed. Power absorbing type test equipment was made the efficiency and temperature of micro traction drive operated at high speed were successfully measured. In the result of measurement, temperature rise are a few and it turns out a micro traction drive can be used by ultra high-speed.
Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Anthocyanins and Their Aglycon, Cyanidin, from Tart Cherries (1999)

The anthocyanins (1−3) and cyanidin isolated from tart cherries exhibited in vitro antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities comparable to commercial products. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation of anthocyanins 1−3 and their aglycon, cyanidin, were 39, 70, 75, and 57%, respectively, at 2-mM concentrations. The antioxidant activities of 1-3 and cyanidin were comparable to the antioxidant activities of tert-butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene and superior to vitamin E at 2-mM concentrations. In the antiinflammatory assay, cyanidin gave IC50 values of 90 and 60 mM, respectively, for prostaglandin H endoperoxide synthase-1 and prostaglandin H endoperoxide synthase-2 enzymes.
Population‐wide Infant Screening for HLA‐Based Type 1 Diabetes Risk via Dried Blood Spots from the Public Health Infrastructure (2003)

The frequency of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated HLA DQ alleles in the U.S. Pacific Northwest is as high as in Scandinavia, which has the highest T1DM incidence in the world. The high regional rate of islet autoimmunity observed among DPT-1 relatives supports this notion. Fortunately, Washington State archives dried blood spots after legislature-mandated newborn screening. The Diabetes Evaluation in Washington (DEW-IT) study aims to show that population-based prospective prediction of T1DM by HLA genotype screening followed by autoantibody surveillance can be performed within the public health infrastructure.
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Inhibit and Reduce the Attachment of Viable <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> to Poultry Tissues (1995)

ABSTRACT Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) were studied to characterize their inhibition and reversal of S. typhimurium's strong attachment to chicken skin. An initial screening human buccal epithelial cell model and a novel, highly quantitative model using pieces of chicken skin in culture plates were used. Some QAC, particularly cetylpyridinium chlo ride (CPC), were extremely effective at both inhibiting and reversing attachment of viable S. typhinlurium to chicken skin. Pretreatment of chicken skin (room temperature, 10 min) with 0.1% CPC completely inhibited the attachment of S. typhimurium . CPC may be very beneficial in reducing S. typhimurium contamination of poultry carcasses during processing and especially in preventing cross‐contamination.
A Stochastic and Optimized Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

Wireless sensor network consisting of a large number of small sensors of low-power transceiver is effective for gathering data in a variety of environments. Since the network is built with low-cost sensor nodes of limited battery power, it is a challenging task to design an efficient routing scheme maximizing the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new clustering protocol reducing the energy taken for routing, and thus extending the network lifetime. The proposed scheme is based on a newly developed model of optimal number of clusters in the network with which the energy consumption can be minimized. It also includes a method of cluster-head rotation inside each cluster, which avoids the clustering operation during normal operation and evenly distributes the load among the nodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the clustering-based routing protocols, Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), LEACH-Centralized (LEACH-C), and Adaptive and Energy Efficient Clustering (AEEC) algorithm. Simulation results show that it significantly reduces energy consumption and improves network lifetime. It is thus expected to be effective for large-scale semantic sensor web.
The fabrication and use of silicon and gallium arsenide ion source extraction grids (1982)

This paper describes the fabrication and use of silicon ion source extraction grids. Ion beam processing is dependent upon the extraction grid design and materials since the stability of the beam characteristics depends upon the stability of the grids. Conventional ion source extraction grids are produced using mechanical methods and have several disadvantages, including cost and distortion. A procedure is presented here for fabricating silicon grids using microelectronic fabrication methods. Designs for producing collimated, diverging or focused beams, and a fine mesh single grid configuration suitable for low energy operation are described. Beam profiles and performance are presented. Extraction grids of gallium arsenide have also been prepared, and their fabrication is described.
CSMA/CA in Time and Frequency Domains (2015)

It has recently been shown that "flexible channelization", whereby wireless stations adapt their spectrum bands on a per-frame basis, is feasible in practice. In this paper, we propose TF-CSMA/CA, an algorithm for flexible channelization that schedules packets in time and frequency domains. TF-CSMA/CA is a simple extension of the CSMA/CA protocol used by IEEE 802.11. Contrary to existing channelization schemes, it is entirely distributed and it reacts only to packet collisions, successful transmissions and carrier sensing. With TF-CSMA/CA, when a station is involved in a collision, it performs backoff in both time and frequency domains. Backing off also in the frequency domain allows the transmitters to be much more efficient and aggressive in the time domain, which significantly reduces the severe overheads present with recent 802.11 PHY layers. The main challenge, however, is that the stations need some level of self-organization in order to find spectrum bands of variable widths that minimize interference, while still efficiently using the available spectrum. Using analysis and simulations, we show that such an extension of CSMA/CA to the frequency domain drastically improves both throughput and fairness. Notably, it enables the stations to find interference-free spectrum bands of appropriate size using no communication -- relying only on collisions and successes as implicit signals.
All-Optical Photochromic Spatial Light Modulators (1989)

Photochemical transfer of electrons enables fast reading and writing. New concept based on transfer of electrons between donor and acceptor molecules randomly distributed or covalently linked and dispersed in glassy-polymer host material. Transfer causes significant changes in optical-transmission characteristics of material and used to modulate transmission of reading beam of light impinging on material.
Multi-task Multi-modal Models for Collective Anomaly Detection (2017)

This paper proposes a new framework for anomaly detection when collectively monitoring many complex systems. The prerequisite for condition-based monitoring in industrial applications is the capability of (1) capturing multiple operational states, (2) managing many similar but different assets, and (3) providing insights into the internal relationship of the variables. To meet these criteria, we propose a multi-task learning approach based on a sparse mixture of sparse Gaussian graphical models (GGMs). Unlike existing fused- and group-lasso-based approaches, each task is represented by a sparse mixture of sparse GGMs, and can handle multi-modalities. We develop a variational inference algorithm combined with a novel sparse mixture weight selection algorithm. To handle issues in the conventional automatic relevance determination (ARD) approach, we propose a new ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -regularized formulation that has guaranteed sparsity in mixture weights. We show that our framework eliminates well-known issues of numerical instability in the iterative procedure of mixture model learning. We also show better performance in anomaly detection tasks on real-world data sets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal of multi-task GGM learning allowing multi-modal distributions.
Non-Invasive Neuromodulation Using Time-Varying Caloric Vestibular Stimulation (2016)

Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) to elicit the vestibulo-ocular reflex has long been used in clinical settings to aid in the diagnosis of balance disorders and to confirm the absence of brainstem function. While a number of studies have hinted at the potential therapeutic applications of CVS, the limitations of existing devices have frustrated that potential. Current CVS irrigators use water or air during short-duration applications; however, this approach is not tenable for longer duration therapeutic protocols or home use. Here, we describe a solid-state CVS device we developed in order to address these limitations. This device delivers tightly controlled time-varying thermal waveforms, which can be programmed through an external control unit. It contains several safety features, which limit patients to the prescribed waveform and prevent the potential for temperature extremes. In this paper, we provide evidence that CVS treatment with time-varying, but not constant temperature waveforms, elicits changes in cerebral blood flow physiology consistent with the neuromodulation of brainstem centers, and we present results from a small pilot study, which demonstrate that the CVS can safely and feasibly be used longitudinally in the home setting to treat episodic migraine. Together, these results indicate that this solid-state CVS device may be a viable tool for non-invasive neuromodulation.
Poly(L-lactic acid)/Pluronic blends: characterization of phase separation behavior, degradation, and morphology and use as protein-releasing matrixes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(L-lactic acid)/Pluronic blends: characterization of phase separation behavior, degradation, and morphology and use as protein-releasing matrixesTae Gwan Park, Smadar Cohen, and Robert LangerCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1, 116–122Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00027a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00027a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1689Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biosynthesis of riboflavin (2009)

GTP cyclohydrolase II catalyzes the first dedicated step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin and appears to be a limiting factor for the production of the vitamin by recombinant Bacillus subtilis overproducer strains. Using error-prone PCR amplification, we generated a library of the B. subtilis ribA gene selectively mutated in the GTP cyclohydrolase II domain. The ratio of the GTP cyclohydrolase II to 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone synthase activities of the mutant proteins was measured. A mutant designated Construct E, carrying seven point mutations, showed a two-fold increase in GTP cyclohydrolase II activity and a four-fold increase in the K(m) value with GTP as the substrate. Using the analog 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-triphosphate as the substrate, the mutant showed a rate enhancement by a factor of about two and an increase in the K(m) value by a factor of about 5. A series of UV absorption spectra obtained in stopped-flow experiments using the wild-type and mutant enzymes revealed isosbestic points indicative of apparently perfect reactions, which were similar to the findings obtained with GTP cyclohydrolase II of Escherichia coli. Initial burst velocities obtained for the mutant and wild-type proteins were similar. The data suggest that the mutations present in Construct E are jointly conducive to the acceleration of a late step in the reaction trajectory, most probably the release of product from the enzyme.
Quantum Confinement Observed in ZnO/ZnMgO Nanorod Heterostructures (2003)

Multiple quantum well nanorods have been fabricated via heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO and ZnMgO (see Figure and also cover). Simple yet accurate thickness control allows the realization of nanosized well structures in individual nanorods that are tunable through the effects of quantum confinement. This approach should be readily extendible to other heteroepitaxial semiconductor nanorods.
Strain monitoring using distributed Rayleigh sensing (2019)

Rayleigh Backscatter has been used for many years as the source signal for fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in many industrial and civilian activities such as situational information monitoring and down-hole hydrocarbon exploitation. The signal from a DRS system is affected by temperature, strain and acoustics/vibrations. The very low frequency content representing temperature and strain contributions has historically been overlooked in favour of the higher frequency acoustic content. In this paper we describe the potential of a quantitative DRS system to deliver low frequency strain monitoring together with an understanding of the degree of thermal coupling to the system which allows useful results. A long term (50 day) measurement using a quantitative DRS system was carried out to investigate how much drift there was in the system and demonstrate a compensation approach. An example of strain monitoring in a novel pipeline system is illustrated to show the degree of measurement resolution deliverable as compared to conventional strain gauges.
Online Coating Thickness Monitoring: Conclusive Results from Early Industrial Implementations (2007)

Abstract Numerous efforts have been carried out over the years to improve process control in the thermal spray industry. Among those, the need for online monitoring of the thickness of the coating is unquestionable as it leads directly to better uniformity, less powder usage and increased productivity. In 2006, a new technology based on 3D profiling has been adapted to the thermal spraying environment and has shown conclusive results for online real-time monitoring of the thickness of single layers as they were being sprayed. A micron level resolution was achieved independently of the process, the powder and the thermal effects related to thermal spraying. In this paper, we present the latest results from early industrial implementations. New applications of this technology for substrate geometries with increased complexity are also investigated.
The Large Scale Preparation of Clottable Fibrinogen-Free, High Purity, High Potency Factor VIII Concentrate (1977)

Crude Factor VIII was initially extracted from plasma as cryoprecipitate. This crude concentrate was treated with high molecular weight polymer F-48 to remove the bulk of fibrinogen. The yield of Factor VIII at this point was 6356 theoretical and 42% actual (the starting plasma contained,66 units/ml VIII), Total protein in the cryoprecipitate was 2,2 gm# and 0.93 gn# after removal of fibrinogen bulk. The next step was addition of a thrombin-like enzyme, at a concentration of 0.5 units, with the resultant removal of remaining fibrinogen. After clotting out residual fibrinogen, resultant fibrin strands were removed by high speed centrifugation. The final product gave a theoretical yield of 65% and an actual yield of 28%; thus, 65% of the initial Factor VIII was recovered in the final product. Prior to lyophilization, the final product was stabilized with albumin. After lyophilization, no loss of activity occurred and solubility was excellent. Protein electrophoretic analysis revealed 70% in the albumin region, 7% in the alpha & beta globulin region, and 20% in the gamma region. Tests for hemolysins were negative and isoagglutin-in titers were 1:6. Plasminogen and plasmin were undetectable and fibrin(ogen) degradation products were 80 ug/ml. The large scale preparation of this fibrinogen-free Factor VIII concentrate may prove highly useful in sparing the hemophilic patient fibrin(ogen) deposits in the kidneys and other organs, a complication of existing concentrates. In addition, much higher potency in much less volume may be achieved with this material. The cost for large scale preparation of this material should be the same as for existing concentrates.