gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Classification of 17 Diseases from 1404 Subjects <i>via</i> Pattern Analysis of Exhaled Molecules (2016)

We report on an artificially intelligent nanoarray based on molecularly modified gold nanoparticles and a random network of single-walled carbon nanotubes for noninvasive diagnosis and classification of a number of diseases from exhaled breath. The performance of this artificially intelligent nanoarray was clinically assessed on breath samples collected from 1404 subjects having one of 17 different disease conditions included in the study or having no evidence of any disease (healthy controls). Blind experiments showed that 86% accuracy could be achieved with the artificially intelligent nanoarray, allowing both detection and discrimination between the different disease conditions examined. Analysis of the artificially intelligent nanoarray also showed that each disease has its own unique breathprint, and that the presence of one disease would not screen out others. Cluster analysis showed a reasonable classification power of diseases from the same categories. The effect of confounding clinical and environmental factors on the performance of the nanoarray did not significantly alter the obtained results. The diagnosis and classification power of the nanoarray was also validated by an independent analytical technique, i.e., gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry. This analysis found that 13 exhaled chemical species, called volatile organic compounds, are associated with certain diseases, and the composition of this assembly of volatile organic compounds differs from one disease to another. Overall, these findings could contribute to one of the most important criteria for successful health intervention in the modern era, viz. easy-to-use, inexpensive (affordable), and miniaturized tools that could also be used for personalized screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of a number of diseases, which can clearly be extended by further development.
Systemic application of CpG‐rich DNA suppresses adaptive T cell immunity via induction of IDO (2005)

CpG-rich oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN) bind to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are used as powerful adjuvants for vaccination. Here we report that CpG-ODN not only act as immune stimulatory agents but can also induce strong immune suppression depending on the anatomical location of application. In agreement with the adjuvant effect, subcutaneous application of antigen plus CpG-ODN resulted in antigen-specific T cell activation in local lymph nodes. In contrast, systemic application of CpG-ODN resulted in suppression of T cell expansion and CTL activity in the spleen. The suppressive effect was mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) as indicated by the observation that CpG-ODN induced IDO in the spleen and that T cell suppression could be abrogated by 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT), an inhibitor of IDO. No expression of IDO was observed in lymph nodes after injection of CpG-ODN, explaining why suppression was restricted to the spleen. Studies with a set of knockout mice demonstrated that the CpG-ODN-induced immune suppression is dependent on TLR9 stimulation and independent of type I and type II interferons. The present study shows that for the use of CpG-ODN as an adjuvant in vaccines, the route of application is crucial and needs to be considered. In addition, the results indicate that down-modulation of immune responses by CpG-ODN may be possible in certain pathological conditions.
Modulatory Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Human B Cell Differentiation (2007)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) can modulate immune responses, but whether it directly affects B cell function is unknown. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, especially those with antinuclear Abs and increased disease activity, had decreased 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels, suggesting that vitamin D might play a role in regulating autoantibody production. To address this, we examined the effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on B cell responses and found that it inhibited the ongoing proliferation of activated B cells and induced their apoptosis, whereas initial cell division was unimpeded. The generation of plasma cells and postswitch memory B cells was significantly inhibited by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), although the up-regulation of genetic programs involved in B cell differentiation was only modestly affected. B cells expressed mRNAs for proteins involved in vitamin D activity, including 1 alpha-hydroxylase, 24-hydroxylase, and the vitamin D receptor, each of which was regulated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and/or activation. Importantly, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) up-regulated the expression of p27, but not of p18 and p21, which may be important in regulating the proliferation of activated B cells and their subsequent differentiation. These results indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may play an important role in the maintenance of B cell homeostasis and that the correction of vitamin D deficiency may be useful in the treatment of B cell-mediated autoimmune disorders.
Thermal conductivity of filled silicone rubber and its relationship to erosion resistance in the inclined plane test (2004)

Silicone rubber samples having various concentrations and mean particle sizes of either alumina tri-hydrate or silica filters, prepared by room temperature and heat cured under pressure (hot pressed), are tested for erosion resistance in the ASTM D2303 inclined plane tracking and erosion test. Their corresponding thermal conductivities are determined using a transient temperature technique in which an infrared laser is employed as the heat source and a thermal imaging camera as a temperature detection device. Scanning electron microscope observations show greater filler bonding to the silicone matrix in the hot pressed samples than in the room temperature vulcanized samples leading higher thermal conductivity and increased resistance to erosion, for both ATH and silica filled samples. The correlation study shows a strong relationship between the erosion resistance and the thermal conductivity of the tested samples, highlighting the importance of an outdoor insulating material to have high thermal conductivity in order to withstand dry band arcing. The results can be used to provide guidance on filler selection for silicone rubber compounding for outdoor insulation applications.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of labile intercalative ruthenium(<scp>ii</scp>) complexes for anticancer drug screening (2016)

DNA binding and DNA transcription inhibition is regarded as a promising strategy for cancer chemotherapy. Herein, chloro terpyridyl Ru(ii) complexes, [Ru(tpy)(N^N)Cl](+) (Ru1, N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine; Ru2, N^N = 3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]acenaphthylene; Ru3, N^N = 3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]phenanthrene; Ru4, N^N = 3-(pyrazin-2-yl)-as-triazino[5,6-f]pyrene) were prepared as DNA intercalative and covalent binding anticancer agents. The chloro ligand hydrolysis slowly and the octanol and water partition coefficient of Ru2-Ru4 were between 0.6 and 1.2. MALDI-TOF mass, DNA gel electrophoresis confirmed covalent and intercalative DNA binding modes of Ru2-Ru4, while Ru1 can only bind DNA covalently. As a result, Ru2-Ru4 exhibited stronger DNA transcription inhibition activity, higher cell uptake efficiency and better anticancer activity than Ru1. Ru4 was the most toxic complex toward all cancer cells which inhibited DNA replication and transcription. AO/EB, Annexin V/PI, nuclear staining, JC-1 assays further confirmed that Ru2-Ru4 induced cancer cell death by an apoptosis mechanism.
A single-dose mRNA vaccine provides a long-term protection for hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

The rapid expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic has made the development of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine a global health and economic priority. Taking advantage of versatility and rapid development, three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials with a two-dose immunization regimen. However, the waning antibody response in convalescent patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the emergence of human re-infection have raised widespread concerns about a possible short duration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine protection. Here, we developed a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine in lipid-encapsulated form that encoded the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, termed as mRNA-RBD. A single immunization of mRNA-RBD elicited both robust neutralizing antibody and cellular responses, and conferred a near-complete protection against wild SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of hACE2 transgenic mice. Noticeably, the high levels of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice induced by mRNA-RBD vaccination were maintained for at least 6.5 months and conferred a long-term notable protection for hACE2 transgenic mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a sera transfer study. These data demonstrated that a single dose of mRNA-RBD provided long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
5 GHz SiGe HBT monolithic radio transceiver with tunable filtering (2003)

A W-CDMA compliant, fully integrated 5 GHz radio transceiver was realized in SiGe technology with on-chip, tunable, VCO-tracking filters. It allows for wide band, up to 20 MHz, modulation schemes demonstrating a SSB receiver NF of 5.9 dB, 40 dB on-chip image rejection, IP1 of -22 dBm and larger than 70 dB LO-RF isolation. The VCO phase noise is -100 dBc/Hz and -128 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 5 MHz offset, respectively. The transmitter output compression point is 10 dBm. The image rejection in the transmitter is better than 40 dB and all spurious signals are 40 dB below the carrier.
Efficient Geometric, Photometric, and Temporal Calibration of an Array of Unsynchronized Video Cameras (2009)

Camera-arrays have become popular in many computer vision and computer graphics applications. Among all preprocessing steps, an efficient method to calibrate a large number of cameras is very much desired. The required calibration includes both the geometric and photometric calibration, which are the most common and also well studied for single camera. However, few existing efforts are devoted to camera arrays or to integrate both methods in a fully automatic way. Additionally, most existing camera array systems require or assume implicitly that all the cameras in the array are hardware-synchronized to simplify subsequent application-specific processing such as the calibration of all the cameras. While this constraint is useful, it greatly restricts the use of heterogeneous types of cameras and the configuration of cameras that could be used. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated and fully automatic solution for performing geometric, photometric and temporal calibration (synchronization) of an array of unsynchronized video cameras. In particular, our new method is based on the classic plane based calibration approach. By using a redesigned calibration pattern, the geometric, photometric and temporal calibrations are done in an integrated and extensible framework automatically. Extensive experimental results show that the new method is very easy to use and can achieve high accuracy in the calibrated parameters.
Dihydroxyphenylethanol induces apoptosis by activating serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP2A and promotes the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human colon carcinoma cells (2006)

The search for effective chemopreventive compounds is a major challenge facing research into preventing the progression of cancer cells. The naturally occurring polyphenol antioxidants look very promising, but their mechanism of action still remains poorly understood. Here, we show that 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (DPE), a phenol antioxidant derived from olive oil, induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. The mechanisms involve prolonged stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to the activation of the two main branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR), including the Ire1/XBP-1/GRP78/Bip and PERK/eIF2alpha arms. DPE treatment led to overexpression of the pro-apoptotic factor CHOP/GADD153 and persistent activation of the Jun-NH2-terminal kinase/activator protein-1 signaling pathway. DPE concomitantly modulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt/PKB pro-survival factors by altering their phosphorylation status as well as inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation by inactivating the phosphorylation of nuclear factor inhibitor-kappaB kinase. These findings prompted us to investigate the possible involvement of phosphatases in DPE-mediated action. Using phosphatase inhibitors and RNA interference to silence the Ser/Thr phosphatase 2A (PP2A) prevented DPE-induced cell death. These findings demonstrate that DPE specifically activates PP2A, which plays a key initiating role in various pathways that lead to apoptosis in colon cancer cells.
Protocol design for integrity protection (2002)

The authors present a design method for message integrity protection. They illustrate the use of the method by designing large classes of message types whose integrity is provably preserved and by applying the method to the symmetric key option of the privacy-enhanced electronic mail protocol to help discover and eliminate an integrity vulnerability. The method is independent of the specific encryption system and checksum/digest functions used. It expresses desirable requirements for message integrity protection in terms of abstract encryption and checksum/digest properties, and relates these properties to the message type representation, and lifetime of the protocol run and keys used. The use of the method is illustrated by the design of a large class of message types whose integrity is provably preserved in the face of active intruder attacks. In particular, the method is used to help discover and eliminate a vulnerability in the symmetric-key option of the privacy-enhanced electronic mail (PEM) protocol for the internet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Youth Competition: Problems and Solutions (1988)

The obsession Americans have with being #1 has led to an attitude of disdain toward all those who do not achieve the status of champion. We fail to realize that for every successful college athlete there are tens of thousands of college students. For every professional athlete there are hundreds of thousands of successful adults raising families and contributing to their communities and to society. If there is any meaning to active participation, doing one's best within acceptable criteria, it appears to have been lost since that infamous day Howard Cosell coined the word "Superstar." Parents expect and demand success and perfection from their children. Program leaders/administrators provide the first resistance many parents face in this area. How we deal with those attitudes may make all the difference.
Efficacy and Safety of Amphetamine Extended-Release Oral Suspension in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2017)

AMPH EROS was effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD and had a rapid onset and extended duration of effect. Reported AEs were consistent with those of other extended-release amphetamine products.
The Cambridge guide to women's writing in English (2000)

This Guide aims to consolidate and epitomise the re-reading of women's writing that has gone on in the last twenty-five years. This is an opportunity for stock-taking - a timely project, when so much writing has been rediscovered, reclaimed and republished. There are entries on writers, on individual texts, and on general terms, genres and movements, all printed in a single alphabetical sequence. The earliest written documents in medieval English (the visionary writings of Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe) are covered in an historical - and geographical - sweep that takes us up to the present day. The book reflects the spread of literacy, the history of colonisation and the development of post-colonial cultures using and changing the English language. The entries are written by contributors from all the countries covered. The result is a work of reference with a unique feeling for the vitality, wealth and diversity of women's writing.
Coordination of supply chain with advertise-setting newsvendor (2010)

This paper investigates the coordination of a decentralized supply chain in which a single manufacturer is selling a perishable product to a single retailer facing uncertain demand affected by her adverting expenditure and having shortage penalty. When the retailer behaving as a newsvendor faces stochastic advertisement-sensitive demands, she has to make the advertising and inventory decisions before the demand is realized. First, we establish that the supply chain can not be coordinated with the buy back, revenue sharing, and target rebate and quantity flexibility contract. Next, we show quantity discount contract can coordinate the supply chain and give a special quantity discount contract. Finally, we present a contract called revenue and loss sharing contract which mitigates the effect of shortage penalty loss and coordinates the decentralized supply chain.
Loss of CD4+ T Cell IL-6R Expression during Inflammation Underlines a Role for IL-6 <i>Trans</i> Signaling in the Local Maintenance of Th17 Cells (2010)

IL-6 responses are classically orchestrated via a membrane-bound IL-6R (CD126) alpha subunit (classical IL-6R signaling) or through a soluble form of this cognate receptor (IL-6 trans signaling). Appraisal of IL-6R expression on human and mouse T cells emphasized that IL-6R expression is closely linked with that of CCR7 and CD62L. In this regard, infiltrating effector T cells from clinical and experimental peritonitis episodes lose IL-6R expression, and anti-CD3/CD28 Ab costimulation of peripheral T cells in vitro leads to a downregulation in IL-6R expression. Consequently, IL-6 signaling through membrane-bound IL-6R seems to be limited to naive or central memory T cell populations. Loss of IL-6R expression by activated T cells further suggests that these effector cells might still retain IL-6 responsiveness via IL-6 trans signaling. Using IL-6R-deficient mice and recombinant tools that modulate the capacity of IL-6 to signal via its soluble receptor, we report that local control of IL-6 trans signaling regulates the effector characteristics of the T cell infiltrate and promotes the maintenance of IL-17A-secreting CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, we concluded that classical IL-6R signaling in naive or central memory CD4(+) T cells is required to steer their effector characteristics, whereas local regulation of soluble IL-6R activity might serve to maintain the cytokine profile of the Th cell infiltrate. Therefore, the activation status of a T cell population is linked with an alteration in IL-6 responsiveness.
Mechanical and dielectric properties of crystalline poly(arylene ether nitrile) copolymers (2018)

Poly(arylene ether nitrile) (PEN) copolymers (HQ/RS-PEN) containing different proportions of hydroquinone (HQ-PEN) block and resorcinol (RS-PEN) block were synthesized, and their crystalline, mechanical, and dielectric properties were investigated. Three HQ/RS-PEN copolymers with 10%, 20%, and 30% of RS-PEN blocks were prepared via condensation polymerization of HQ and RS with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile. The PEN copolymers were characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity, and thermal analyses. With the addition of RS-PEN block, the flexibility of PEN copolymers was increased. In addition, even though the high loading content of RS-PEN block was incorporated, the PEN copolymers still exhibited relatively high dielectric constant, whereas the dielectric loss decreased. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of treatment time and temperature on the physical properties of crystalline PEN copolymers, HQ/RS-PEN20 was isothermally treated at different temperatures (280°C, 300°C, 310°C, 320°C, and 330°C) for a constant time and at a constant time for different hours (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h). After the optimization of the crystallization of HQ/RS-PEN polymer, excellent mechanical and dielectric properties of copolymers were obtained. The results showed that when isothermally treated at 320°C for 2 h, the HQ/RS-PEN20 showed optimal properties of tensile strength of 117.6 MPa and dielectric constant of 4.07 at 1 kHz.
Red cell glycolytic intermediates in diabetic patients. (1980)

The glycolytic intermediates of the red cells of 11 adult diabetic patients were compared with those of eight normal controls. A statistically significant elevation of glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P levels were correlated with the blood sugar levels and 2,3-DPG levels. The absence of a metabolic crossover point suggests that the effect of high levels of glucose may be exerted through regulation of the hexokinase step, itself, but the nature of the regulation cannot be deduced from the complex situation which exists in vivo.
Nitro displacement by methanethiol anion. Synthesis of bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, and pentakis(methylthio)benzoic acids and related derivatives (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitro displacement by methanethiol anion. Synthesis of bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, and pentakis(methylthio)benzoic acids and related derivativesJames R. Beck and Joseph A. YahnerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 10, 2052–2055Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00404a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00404a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inorganic pyrophosphate generation and disposition in pathophysiology (2001)

Inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)) regulates certain intracellular functions and extracellular crystal deposition. PP(i) is produced, degraded, and transported by specialized mechanisms. Moreover, dysregulated cellular PP(i) production, degradation, and transport all have been associated with disease, and PP(i) appears to directly mediate specific disease manifestations. In addition, natural and synthetic analogs of PP(i) are in use or currently under evaluation as prophylactic agents or therapies for disease. This review summarizes recent developments in the understanding of how PP(i) is made and disposed of by cells and assesses the body of evidence for potentially significant physiological functions of intracellular PP(i) in higher organisms. Major topics addressed are recent lines of molecular evidence that directly link decreased and increased extracellular PP(i) levels with diseases in which connective tissue matrix calcification is disordered. To illustrate in depth the effects of disordered PP(i) metabolism, this review weighs the roles in matrix calcification of the transmembrane protein ANK, which regulates intracellular to extracellular movement of PP(i), and the PP(i)-generating phosphodiesterase nucleotide pyrophosphatase family isoenzyme plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1).