gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near‐infrared fluorescence imaging of mouse myocardial microvascular endothelium using Cy5.5‐lectin conjugate (2012)

Cy5.5-lectin, a non-toxic conjugate, combines the benefits of near-infrared (NIR) imaging, such as significant reduction of background fluorescence and increased tissue depth penetration, with its affinity for vascular endothelial cells. When compared to endothelial staining methods using FITC-lectin and ICAM2 antibodies, Cy5.5-lectin was confirmed to specifically bind endothelial cells and produce a fluorescence signal both in real-time and post-infusion. Ex-vivo experiments with isolated hearts demonstrated that binding was limited to perfused areas of the myocardium. With mouse in-vivo tail-vein injections, other organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidney were also stained and yielded similar quality images of the heart.
Research of multi-beams antenna array using butler matrix in MIMO communication (2014)

To control the multiple beams in MIMO communication, paper investigated three topology of antenna array. Linear antenna array and planar antenna array formed beams in different direction. Concentric circles planar antenna array were proposed to reduce first side lobe level. Distance between antenna elements influence on the radiation pattern was also discussed. All arrays were fed by Butler network to control amplitude and phase of antenna elements. It was verified that project of MIMO multiple beams was feasible and effective by ADS simulation.
Fatness QTL on chicken chromosome 5 and interaction with sex (2006)

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fatness in male chickens were previously identified on chromosome 5 (GGA5) in a three-generation design derived from two experimental chicken lines divergently selected for abdominal fat weight. A new design, established from the same pure lines, produced 407 F2 progenies (males and females) from 4 F1-sire families. Body weight and abdominal fat were measured on the F2 at 9 wk of age. In each sire family, selective genotyping was carried out for 48 extreme individuals for abdominal fat using seven microsatellite markers from GGA5. QTL analyses confirmed the presence of QTL for fatness on GGA5 and identified a QTL by sex interaction. By crossing one F1 sire heterozygous at the QTL with lean line dams, three recombinant backcross 1 (BC1) males were produced and their QTL genotypes were assessed in backcross 2 (BC2) progenies. These results confirmed the QTL by sex interaction identified in the F2 generation and they allow mapping of the female QTL to less than 8 Mb at the distal part of the GGA5. They also indicate that fat QTL alleles were segregating in both fat and lean lines.
High efficiency video coding (HEVC) motion estimation parallel algorithms on GPU (2014)

Exhausted motion estimation in HEVC with variable block sizes is the bottleneck for real time encoding. Previous works show that CTU-based parallel processing will induce much coding efficiency loss. In this paper, focusing on the parallel processing in one CTU, efficient parallel algorithms are presented to accelerate integer motion estimation (IME) and fractional motion estimation (FME) on GPU, including multistep composite method for IME and eliminating redundancies for FME. Experimental results show that the highest time reduction can reach up to about 52.38% compared with the non-parallel baseline implementation.
A Cohort Methods for Score Normalization in Speaker Verification System, Acceleration of On-line Cohort Methods (2007)

Tento článek pojednává o kohortních metodách pro normalizaci skóre. Nastinuje důvody a principy normalizace,které jsou dále otestovány společně s novou navrženou metodou normalizace na korpusu Nist2002. On-line metody vykazují velkou časovou náročnost, proto bylo navrženo urychlení.
A simple proof for optimality of (<i>s, S</i>) policies in infinite-horizon inventory systems (1991)

The classical proofs for the existence of a stationary ( s, S ) inventory policy that minimizes the total discounted or average cost over an infinite horizon are lengthy because they depend heavily on the optimality results for corresponding finite-horizon models. This note presents a simpler alternative. Since optimal stationary ( s, S ) policies are relatively simple to characterize, it is easy to construct a solution to the optimality equation which is satisfied by an ( s, S ) policy or an equivalent variant thereof. For the discounted model, the proof characterizes an ( s, S ) policy that is optimal for all initial inventory positions. This policy can be generated by a simple existing algorithm. For the average-cost model, the optimality proof is completed with some additional arguments, which are simple but novel, to overcome the normal difficulties encountered in models with unbounded one-step expected costs.
Effects of intrathecal morphine, baclofen, clonidine and R‐PIA on the acute allodynia‐like behaviours after spinal cord ischaemia in rats (2001)

The present study assessed the efficacy and potency of intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the opiate morphine, the gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABA(B)) receptor agonist baclofen, the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine and the adenosine A1-receptor agonist R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) on the acute allodynia-like behaviour after photochemically induced spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Rats displaying allodynia-like behaviours to brushing, von Frey hairs and cold stimulation 1-2 days after photochemically induced SCI were studied. In a cumulative dose regime, morphine (0.1-10 micrcog), baclofen (0.1-1 microg), clonidine (0.1-10 microg) and R-PIA (0.01-10 nmol) were administered i.t. through an implanted catheter at the lumbar spinal cord. All tested drugs dose-dependently reduced the brushing, von Frey hairs and cold stimulation-induced allodynia-like behaviour. No increase in adverse effects such as motor deficits was found for morphine, clonidine and R-PIA. There was a slight increase in motor impairments at the highest dose of baclofen. For the mechanical allodynia, morphine appeared to be most effective, whereas baclofen, clonidine and R-PIA only provided a partial alleviation. For the cold allodynia, morphine and baclofen were more effective than clonidine and R-PIA. In relieving acute mechanical and cold allodynia-like behaviours in rats 1-2 days after SCI, i.t. morphine and baclofen were superior to clonidine and R-PIA.
CONCOLOR: Constrained Non-Convex Low-Rank Model for Image Deblocking (2016)

Due to independent and coarse quantization of transform coefficients in each block, block-based transform coding usually introduces visually annoying blocking artifacts at low bitrates, which greatly prevents further bit reduction. To alleviate the conflict between bit reduction and quality preservation, deblocking as a post-processing strategy is an attractive and promising solution without changing existing codec. In this paper, in order to reduce blocking artifacts and obtain high-quality image, image deblocking is formulated as an optimization problem within maximum a posteriori framework, and a novel algorithm for image deblocking using constrained non-convex low-rank model is proposed. The l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> (0 <; p <; 1) penalty function is extended on singular values of a matrix to characterize low-rank prior model rather than the nuclear norm, while the quantization constraint is explicitly transformed into the feasible solution space to constrain the non-convex low-rank optimization. Moreover, a new quantization noise model is developed, and an alternatively minimizing strategy with adaptive parameter adjustment is developed to solve the proposed optimization problem. This parameter-free advantage enables the whole algorithm more attractive and practical. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed image deblocking algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods in both the objective quality and the perceptual quality.
The Jigsaw continuous sensing engine for mobile phone applications (2010)

Supporting continuous sensing applications on mobile phones is challenging because of the resource demands of long-term sensing, inference and communication algorithms. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of the Jigsaw continuous sensing engine, which balances the performance needs of the application and the resource demands of continuous sensing on the phone. Jigsaw comprises a set of sensing pipelines for the accelerometer, microphone and GPS sensors, which are built in a plug and play manner to support: i) resilient accelerometer data processing, which allows inferences to be robust to different phone hardware, orientation and body positions; ii) smart admission control and on-demand processing for the microphone and accelerometer data, which adaptively throttles the depth and sophistication of sensing pipelines when the input data is low quality or uninformative; and iii) adaptive pipeline processing, which judiciously triggers power hungry pipeline stages (e.g., sampling the GPS) taking into account the mobility and behavioral patterns of the user to drive down energy costs. We implement and evaluate Jigsaw on the Nokia N95 and the Apple iPhone, two popular smartphone platforms, to demonstrate its capability to recognize user activities and perform long term GPS tracking in an energy-efficient manner.
Reconstruction-free inference on compressive measurements (2015)

Spatial-multiplexing cameras have emerged as a promising alternative to classical imaging devices, often enabling acquisition of `more for less'. One popular architecture for spatial multiplexing is the single-pixel camera (SPC), which acquires coded measurements of the scene with pseudo-random spatial masks. Significant theoretical developments over the past few years provide a means for reconstruction of the original imagery from coded measurements at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. Yet, accurate reconstruction generally requires high measurement rates and high signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper, we enquire if one can perform high-level visual inference problems (e.g. face recognition or action recognition) from compressive cameras without the need for image reconstruction. This is an interesting question since in many practical scenarios, our goals extend beyond image reconstruction. However, most inference tasks often require non-linear features and it is not clear how to extract such features directly from compressed measurements. In this paper, we show that one can extract nontrivial correlational features directly without reconstruction of the imagery. As a specific example, we consider the problem of face recognition beyond the visible spectrum e.g in the short-wave infra-red region (SWIR) - where pixels are expensive. We base our framework on smashed filters which suggests that inner-products between high-dimensional signals can be computed in the compressive domain to a high degree of accuracy. We collect a new face image dataset of 30 subjects, obtained using an SPC. Using face recognition as an example, we show that one can indeed perform reconstruction-free inference with a very small loss of accuracy at very high compression ratios of 100 and more.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide-Induced Delayed Modulation of TRPV1 and P2X3 Receptors of Mouse Trigeminal Sensory Neurons (2013)

Important pain transducers of noxious stimuli are small- and medium-diameter sensory neurons that express transient receptor vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X3 receptors whose activity is upregulated by endogenous neuropeptides in acute and chronic pain models. Little is known about the role of endogenous modulators in restraining the expression and function of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors. In dorsal root ganglia, evidence supports the involvement of the natriuretic peptide system in the modulation of nociceptive transmission especially via the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) that activates the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) to downregulate sensory neuron excitability. Since the role of BNP in trigeminal ganglia (TG) is unclear, we investigated the expression of BNP in mouse TG in situ or in primary cultures and its effect on P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors of patch-clamped cultured neurons. Against scant expression of BNP, almost all neurons expressed NPR-A at membrane level. While BNP rapidly increased cGMP production and Akt kinase phosphorylation, there was no early change in passive neuronal properties or responses to capsaicin, α,β-meATP or GABA. Nonetheless, 24 h application of BNP depressed TRPV1 mediated currents (an effect blocked by the NPR-A antagonist anantin) without changing responses to α,β-meATP or GABA. Anantin alone decreased basal cGMP production and enhanced control α,β-meATP-evoked responses, implying constitutive regulation of P2X3 receptors by ambient BNP. These data suggest a slow modulatory action by BNP on TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors outlining the role of this peptide as a negative regulator of trigeminal sensory neuron excitability to nociceptive stimuli.
Enhancing effect of absorption promoters on percutaneous absorption of a model dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) as poorly absorbable drugs. I. Comparison of plasma levels after addition of various absorption promoters in rat. (1984)

We have investigated the promotive effect of various agents on percutaneous absorption of 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF), a water-soluble fluorescent dye, as poorly absorbable drugs. The absorption of CF was determined by measuring rat plasma CF levels. As an absorption promoter, several reagents such as surface-active agents, protein solubilizers and permeation promoters were used. The used concentration of the reagents was determined so as not to make a trauma on the skin. As results, plasma CF levels following the co-administration of 0.05 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 v/v% 2-mercaptoethanol showed the highest values. Plasma CF level was increased 40 times as compared to that of control experiment and was increased 9 times as compared to that of pretreatment with 4 w/v% calcium thioglycolate which was reported previously as a strong absorption promoter for theophylline by us. When the stratum corneum, having a barrier function for percutaneous absorption of many compounds, was removed mechanically, plasma CF levels of control experiment and pretreatment with 4 w/v% calcium thioglycolate were increased remarkably. However, plasma CF level after the co-administration of 0.05 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 v/v% 2-mercaptoethanol did not show a considerable difference as compared to that of the case with the presence of the stratum corneum.
Infection control and prevention: a review of hospital-acquired infections and the economic implications. (2009)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 2 million patients suffer from hospital-acquired infections every year and nearly 100,000 of them die. Most of these medical errors are preventable. Hospital-acquired infections result in up to $4.5 billion in additional healthcare expenses annually. The U.S. government has responded to this financial loss by focusing on healthcare quality report cards and by taking strong action to curb healthcare spending. The Medicare Program has proposed changes to the Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System and Fiscal Year Rates: Proposed Rule CMS 1488-P-Healthcare-associated infection. Payment will be linked to performance. Under the new rule, payment will be withheld from hospitals for care associated with treating certain catheter-associated urinary tract infections, vascular catheter-associated infections, and mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Infection-prevention strategies are essential. In the healthcare setting, the infection control department is categorized as non-revenue-producing. Funds dedicated to resources such as staff, educational programs, and prevention measures are vastly limited. Hospital leaders will need to balance the upfront cost needed to prevent hospital-related infections with the non-reimbursed expense accrued secondary to potentially preventable infections. The purpose of this paper is to present case studies and cost analysis of hospital-acquired infections and present strategies that reduce infections and cost.
Site-Specific Conjugation of Auristatins onto Engineered scFv Using Second Generation Maleimide to Target HER2-positive Breast Cancer <i>in Vitro</i> (2018)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are spearheading vectorized chemotherapy against cancer, with 4 FDA-approved ADCs and 79 in clinical trials. However, most ADCs are produced using a stochastic bioconjugation method, target hematological cancers, and are derived from a full immunoglobulin-G (IgG). These factors limit their efficacy, especially against solid tumors which remain difficult to treat. Here we report the site-specific conjugation of a single auristatin derivative onto an engineered anti-HER2 single chain fragment variable (scFv) of the trastuzumab antibody, generating new scFv-drug conjugates (SDC). Two cysteines were judiciously incorporated at the beginning of the scFv hexahistidine tag, in order to allow controlled bioconjugation of a heterobifunctional linker including a second generation maleimide (SGM), either cleavable (for monomethyl auristatin E) or noncleavable (for monomethyl auristatin F). Our data indicated that both SDCs conserved their affinity to HER2 in comparison to the native scFv, and were efficiently able to kill in vitro HER2-positive SK-BR-3 cells at subnanomolar concentrations (EC<sub>50</sub> of 0.68 nM and 0.32 nM). No effect was observed on HER2-negative MCF-7 cells. Ours results showed efficient targeting of site-specific SDCs against HER2-positive breast cancer cells. This work represents a first important step in the design of more effective small conjugates, paving the way for future in vivo translation to evaluate their full potential.
Synthesis of Thiol-Functionalized Ionic Liquids and Formation of Self-Assembled Monolayer on Gold Surfaces: Effects of Alkyl Group and Anion on the Surface Wettability (2004)

Twenty four thiol-functionalized ionic liquids based on imidazolium cation, 1-(12-mercaptododecyl)-3-alkylimidazolium salts, have been synthesized, and utilized to investigate the effects of alkyl-chain length and anion on the wettability of Au surfaces on the basis of self-assembled monolayers presenting [(CnSAMIM)X], where n = 1-6, X = Br, <TEX>$BF_4$</TEX>, <TEX>$PF_4$</TEX> and <TEX>$NTf_2$</TEX>. Water wettabilities of the surfaces were measured as a water contact angle by contact angle goniometry. It was found that water wettability of the Au surfaces coated with imidazolium ions was largely dependent not only on counter anions but also on the length of alkyl chains. In the case of SAMs of N-alkylimidazolium ions having short length of N-alkyl chain (C1-<TEX>$C_4$</TEX>), anions played great role in determining water wettability of the surfaces.
3D Microperiodic Hydrogel Scaffolds for Robust Neuronal Cultures (2010)

Three-dimensional (3D) microperiodic scaffolds of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) have been fabricated by direct-write assembly of a photopolymerizable hydrogel ink. The ink is initially composed of physically entangled pHEMA chains dissolved in a solution of HEMA monomer, comonomer, photoinitiator and water. Upon printing 3D scaffolds of varying architecture, the ink filaments are exposed to UV light, where they are transformed into an interpenetrating hydrogel network of chemically cross-linked and physically entangled pHEMA chains. These 3D microperiodic scaffolds are rendered growth compliant for primary rat hippocampal neurons by absorption of polylysine. Neuronal cells thrive on these scaffolds, forming differentiated, intricately branched networks. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals that both cell distribution and extent of neuronal process alignment depend upon scaffold architecture. This work provides an important step forward in the creation of suitable platforms for in vitro study of sensitive cell types.
Service Lifecycle in the Cloud Environment (2012)

Cloud governance's approach to development in the cloud environment allows for a way in which services are well defined and unambiguous, where they can be easily designed, implemented, deployed and executed, for a way in which they can be consumed. This approach is beneficial to SMEs which can now empower themselves by adopting cloud-based technologies and platforms. They now have the opportunity to develop niche solutions, or to group themselves in specialized clusters, in order to build complex, targeted solutions, tailored on customers' needs. The focus of this paper is detailing the service lifecycle from the point of view of our proposed cloud governance architecture that is based on a cloud management solution, the Cloud Agency, a multi-agent system that is part of the mOSAIC project.
Two-Step Chemoenzymatic Detection of <i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid−α(2-3)-Galactose Glycans (2016)

Sialic acids are typically linked α(2-3) or α(2-6) to the galactose that located at the non-reducing terminal end of glycans, playing important but distinct roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. However, details about their respective roles are still largely unknown due to the lack of an effective analytical technique. Herein, a two-step chemoenzymatic approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of N-acetylneuraminic acid-α(2-3)-galactose glycans is described.
Localization of a yeast early Golgi mannosyltransferase, Och1p, involves retrograde transport. (1996)

To analyze the mechanism of integral membrane protein localization in the early Golgi apparatus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have used Och1p, a cis-Golgi mannosyltransferase. A series of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged fusion proteins was constructed in which invertase is appended to the Golgi-luminal carboxy terminus of full-length Och1p. Several constructs included a Kex2p cleavage site between the Och1p and invertase moieties to monitor transit to the Kex2p-containing TGN. Cells expressing an Och1p-invertase fusion do not secrete invertase, but those expressing an Och1p-Kex2p site-invertase fusion protein secrete high levels of invertase in a Kex2p-dependent manner. The Och1p-Kex2p site-invertase fusion protein is cleaved with a half-time of 5 min, and the process proceeds to completion. Before cleavage the protein receives glycosyl modifications indicative of passage through the medial- and trans-Golgi, therefore cleavage occurs after ordered anterograde transport through the Golgi to the TGN. Transit to distal compartments is not induced by the invertase moiety, since noninvertase fusion constructs encounter the same glycosyltransferases and Kex2p as well. The Och1p-HA moiety, irrespective of whether it is generated by cleavage of the fusion protein in the TGN or synthesized de novo, is degraded with a half-time of about 60 min. Thus, the half-time of degradation is 12-fold longer than the time required to reach the TGN. At steady state, de novo-synthesized and TGN-generated HA epitope-tagged Och1p reside in a compartment with a buoyant density identical to that of wild-type Och1p and distinct from that of the vacuole or the TGN. Finally, och1 null cells that express an Ochlp fusion construct known to rapidly encounter the TGN glycosylate invertase to the same extent as wild-type cells, indicating that they have phenotypically wild-type Och1p activity. These results lead us to propose a model for Och1p-HA localization that involves movement to distal compartments, at least as far as the TGN, followed by retrieval to the cis compartment, presumably by vesicular transport.