gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and biological effects of functional nanomaterials delivered to various cell lines (2009)

Functional nanomaterials that included gold, silver nanoparticles and single wall carbon nanotubes were delivered to two cell lines (MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells and HeLa cervical cancer cells) in various concentrations. The cells were found to uptake the nanomaterials in a relatively short time, a process that significantly affected the shape and the size of the cells. The percentage of cellular death, due to the delivery of these nanomaterials, was found to be the highest for carbon nanotubes and increased gradually with the concentration of these nanostructures. Moreover, when the nanomaterials were delivered to the cells combined with commonly used chemotherapeutic agents such as etoposide or dexamethasone, the number of the cells that died increased significantly (100-300%) as compared with the case when only the nanomaterials or the chemotherapeutic agents were delivered. The experimental results were confirmed by Caspase 3 studies, indicating a strong interaction between the nanomaterials used in this study and the protein structure of the cells, which allowed a more effective action of the apoptotic agents. These findings could be the foundation of a new class of cancer therapies that are composed of both chemotherapeutic agents and nanomaterials.
Hemi-Phorboxazole A: Structure Confirmation, Analogue Design and Biological Evaluation (2009)

A synthesis providing totally synthetic (+)-hemi-phorboxazole A (1), proceeding in two steps (85% yield) from known vinyl iodide precursor (+)-2, has been achieved in conjunction with the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of two hemi-phorboxazole analogues [(+)-3 and (-)-4] featuring ring replacements inscribed within the macrolide. Although hemi-phorboxazole A (1) displayed no activity when tested against Candida albicans and two human cancer cell lines, analogue (-)-4 exhibited significant tumor cell growth inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range against HCT-116 (colon) and SK-BR-3 (breast), while (+)-3 displayed promising antifungal activity against C. albicans.
Internet-Based Prompted Recall Diary with Automated GPS Activity-Trip Detection: System Design (2006)

The use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) to detect certain aspects of human activity and travel patterns is well established. This is especially true for extracting start and end times of activities and trips that are difficult for people to recall accurately. Some attempts have been made to develop automated routines for such detection, although most involve by-hand analysis to complete the picture. Even then, not all aspects of human activity are traceable via GPS, such as activity types and involved persons, and there is growing demand for other activity attributes related to underlying decisions processes. It is inevitable that some form of interaction with subjects is needed to obtain these attributes and gain a better understanding of behaviour. Conducting a Prompted Recall survey is one approach to filling this gap. Three possible approaches are discussed in this paper, including sequential, temporal/tabular, and spatial. The detailed design of a tabular diary-like prompted survey is then presented. It is unique in that it is administered via the Internet, designed explicitly for person-based GPS tracking, incorporates wireless data transmission to a central server, and utilizes a fully automated activity and trip detection algorithm. It also has a compact diary style format and utilizes an intuitive means for correcting and updating detected attributes to arrive at a complete schedule. Example results are presented that demonstrate the potential of the system to handle simple and complex patterns, and for organizing prompts for detailed attribute acquisition. Several key avenues for future development and application are discussed.
New concepts for matrix converter design (2002)

In this paper the design and testing of new concepts in matrix converter construction and control are presented. The matrix converter has a more complex commutation behaviour and over-voltage protection in emergency switch-off compared to the voltage-link converter. New investigations have overcome this problems. The new revolutionary concepts in protection, commutation, switch design and modulation strategy are simple and cheap. A further milestone towards an easy design for a matrix converter has been achieved. The practical operation of the new concepts are verified on a 5.5 kW matrix converter drive system with an induction motor.
Managing drift in DCT-based scalable video coding (2002)

When compressed video is transmitted over erasure-prone channels, errors will propagate whenever temporal or spatial prediction is used. Typical tools to combat this error propagation are packetization, re-synchronizing codewords, intra-coding, and scalability. In recent years, the concern over so-called "drift" has sent researchers toward structures for scalability that do not use enhancement-layer information to predict base-layer information and hence have no drift. In this paper, we propose alternative structures for scalability that use previous enhancement-layer information to predict the current base layer, while simultaneously managing the resulting possibility of drift. These structures allow better compression efficiency, while introducing only limited impairments in the quality of the reconstruction.
Low-cost, bottom-up fabrication of large-scale single-molecule nanoarrays by DNA origami placement (2020)

Large-scale nanoarrays of single biomolecules enable high-throughput assays while unmasking the underlying heterogeneity within ensemble populations. Until recently, creating such grids which combine the unique advantages of microarrays and single-molecule experiments (SMEs) has been particularly challenging due to the mismatch between the size of these molecules and the resolution of top-down fabrication techniques. DNA Origami Placement (DOP) combines two powerful techniques to address this issue: ( i ) DNA origami, which provides a ∼ 100-nm self-assembled template for single-molecule organization with 5 nm resolution, and ( ii ) top-down lithography, which patterns these DNA nanostructures, transforming them into functional nanodevices via large-scale integration with arbitrary substrates. Presently, this technique relies on state-of-the-art infrastructure and highly-trained personnel, making it prohibitively expensive for researchers. Here, we introduce a bench-top technique to create meso-to-macro-scale DNA origami nanoarrays using self-assembled colloidal nanoparticles, thereby circumventing the need for top-down fabrication. We report a maximum yield of 74%, two-fold higher than the statistical limit of 37% imposed on non-specific molecular loading alternatives. Furthermore, we provide a proof-of-principle for the ability of this nanoarray platform to transform traditionally low-throughput, stochastic, single-molecule assays into high-throughput, deterministic ones, without compromising data quality. Our approach has the potential to democratize single-molecule nanoarrays and demonstrates their utility as a tool for biophysical assays and diagnostics.
Morphology of Undifferentiated Human Embryonic and Induced Stem Cells Grown in Suspension and in Dynamic Cultures (2011)

The realization of the potential in research and therapy of human ­pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), both embryonic and induced, will require mass ­production of undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Clearly, the conventional two-dimensional techniques for hPSCs are inadequate for such. This chapter focuses on suspension culturing of undifferentiated hPSCs, a method suitable for the robust production of these cells in controlled bioreactors.
Isolation and mutational analysis of a novel human cDNA, DEC1 (deleted in esophageal cancer 1), derived from the tumor suppressor locus in 9q32 (2000)

The long arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one or more putative tumor suppressor genes that are mutated in squamous cell carcinomas. This region shows frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in carcinomas arising in several developmentally related tissues, including the esophagus, head and neck, lung, and urinary bladder. We previously delineated the commonly deleted region in a panel of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas to a ∼200 kb genomic segment at 9q32. Here we report the isolation of a novel gene, DEC1 (deleted in esophageal cancer 1), from the target region. Mutational analysis of this gene by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction disclosed significantly reduced expression of DEC1 in 8 of 13 (62%) esophageal cancer cell lines and in 16 of 30 (53%) primary squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. However, no genetic alteration was detected in any of the cancers examined. Introduction of DEC1 cDNA into 3 cancer cell lines that lacked expression of DEC1 significantly suppressed cell growth, whereas antisense cDNA or the vector DNA alone did not. Given the reduced expression of the DEC1 gene in esophageal cancer, the high frequency of LOH at 9q32 in esophageal carcinomas, and the fact that the DEC1 cDNA can suppress growth of some cancer cells in vitro, we suggest that the DEC1 gene is a candidate tumor suppressor in 9q32. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:169–176, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Soft magnetic properties for Fe-Al-Nb-N-O films (1990)

Magnetic and other properties of fine-crystal Fe-N films with additional Al, Nb, and O were investigated. Films were prepared by RF planar magnetron sputtering. The grain size and the lattice spacing were changed by the addition of Al and Nb, and the coaddition of Al and Nb was found to be effective in improving the soft magnetic properties of the films after annealing at 550 degrees C. Introducing oxygen into the sputtering gas of argon and nitrogen increased the nitrogen concentration in the films and was effective in reducing the coercivity of the films. The magnetostriction of the films changed from negative toward positive with increasing nitrogen concentration and crossed zero at the nitrogen concentration where the coercivity had a minimum value. Hardness measurement of the films revealed that the addition of Al and Nb prevents recrystallization in Fe films as well as in Fe-N-O films. The (Fe/sub 97.5/Al/sub 1.1/Nb/sub 1.4/)/sub 92/N/sub 6/O/sub 2/ films exhibited a saturation magnetic flux density of 20 kG, a coercivity of 0.3-0.5 Oe, and a hardness above 1000 even after annealing at 550 degrees C without magnetic field application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A network service design and deployment process for NFV systems (2016)

Recently, the paradigm of Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) has emerged for the rapid provisioning and management of network services. It is based on the cloud paradigm and the virtualisation technology. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has been actively defining the NFV framework, which includes several functional blocks for network service provisioning and management. The interfaces and the roles of these functional blocks are being defined as well as the artifacts they manipulate. However, the workflow defining the relations and dependencies between these different blocks as well as the successive processing of the artifacts throughout this workflow have not been specified. This is the purpose of this paper where we define an NFV standard compliant process for network service design and deployment. The process starts from the tenant network service requirements all the way to the network service deployment.
The association of Duffy binding protein region II polymorphisms and its antigenicity in Plasmodium vivax isolates from Thailand (2014)

Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein II (DBPII) plays an important role in reticulocyte invasion and is a potential vaccine candidate against vivax malaria. However, polymorphisms in DBPII are a challenge for the successful design of a broadly protective vaccine. In this study, the genetic diversity of DBPII among Thai isolates was analyzed from Plasmodium vivax-infected blood samples and polymorphism characters were defined with the MEGA4 program. Sequence analysis identified 12 variant residues that are common among Thai DBPII haplotypes with variant residues L333F, L424I, W437R and I503K having the highest frequency. Variant residue D384K occurs in combination with either E385K or K386N/Q. Additionally, variant residue L424I occurs in conjunction with W437R in most Thai DBPII alleles and these variants frequently occur in combination with the I503K variant. The polymorphic patterns of Thai isolates were defined into 9 haplotypes (Thai DBL-1, -2, -3, etc.…). Thai DBL-2, -5, -6 haplotypes are the most common DBPII variants in Thai residents. To study the association of these Thai DBPII polymorphisms with antigenic character, the functional inhibition of anti-DBPII monoclonal antibodies against a panel of Thai DBL variants was characterized by an in vitro erythrocyte binding inhibition assay. The functional inhibition of anti-DBPII monoclonal antibodies 3C9, 2D10 and 2C6 against Thai variants was significantly different, suggesting that polymorphisms of Thai DBPII variants alter the antigenic character of the target epitopes. In contrast, anti-DBPII monoclonal antibody 2H2 inhibited all Thai DBPII variants equally well. Our results suggest that the immune efficacy of a DBPII vaccine will depend on the specificity of the anti-DBPII antibodies induced and that it is preferable to optimize responses to conserved epitopes for broadly neutralizing protection against P. vivax.
Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Recombinant L1 Capsomeres Induce Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies (1998)

The human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) L1 major capsid protein can be trypsinized to generate recombinant capsomeres that retain HPV genotype-restricted capsid antigenicity (M. Li, T. P. Cripe, P. A. Estes, M. K. Lyon, R. C. Rose, and R. L. Garcea, J. Virol. 71:2988-2995, 1997). In the present study, HPV-11 virion-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies H11.F1 and H11.H3, previously characterized as recognizing two distinct HPV-11 capsid-neutralizing antigenic domains (S. W. Ludmerer, D. Benincasa, and G. E. Mark III, J. Virol. 70:4791-4794, 1996), were each found to be highly immunoreactive with trypsin-generated capsomeres in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Capsomeres were used to generate high-titer polyclonal immune sera that demonstrated HPV genotype-restricted reactivity by ELISA. The capsomere antisera were then tested in an in vitro infectivity assay and found to neutralize HPV-11 virions. In this assay, HPV-11 capsomere polyclonal antisera exhibited neutralization titers (10(-5) to 10(-6)) comparable to those obtained with a virion-neutralizing antiserum raised previously against intact HPV-11 VLPs (R. C. Rose, R. C. Reichman, and W. Bonnez, J. Gen. Virol. 75:2075-2079, 1994). These results indicate that highly immunogenic, genotype-restricted HPV capsid-neutralizing antigenic domains are contained entirely within capsomeres. Thus, capsomeres may be viable vaccine candidates for the prevention of HPV disease.
Methods of sustaining dietary ketosis in Sprague‐Dawley rats (643.5) (2014)

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been successfully used to treat pediatric refractory epilepsy since the 1920s and is currently being investigated as an adjunct treatment for cancer and neurological disorders. The therapeutic efficacy of the ketogenic diet results from an elevation of blood ketones. Concerns regarding this treatment include low compliance due to restrictive diet and adverse effects on blood lipids. We hypothesized ketone precursor supplementation would elevate blood ketone levels to therapeutic ranges (2‐5mM) without need for dietary restriction. We tested the effects of the following ketone precursors on blood glucose, ketones, and lipids with a 28‐day dose escalation study in male Sprague‐Dawley rats: R,S‐1,3‐Butandiol (BD), a mineral (Na+/K+) salt of β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB) (SO), medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil (MO), SO+MO 1:1 mixture (SM), acetoacetate ketone ester (KE), and control (H2O) (n 蠅8). Days 1‐14, rats received a daily 5g/kg intragastric gavage, and days 15‐28 rats received a 10g/kg dose of their respective test substances. BD and KE rats were not increased to 10g/kg based on previous toxicology studies and were administered a 5g/kg dose for the duration of the study. Once weekly, whole blood samples (10 μl) were acquired for analysis of glucose and βHB at 0, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, and 12 hours after test substance administration, or until βHB returned to baseline. At day 1 and 28, 10 μL of whole blood were collected to measure triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL concentration. At days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 substances significantly decreased blood glucose and elevated βHB without dietary restriction. There were no significant elevations in the lipid panel for any of the substances. Grant Funding Source : Funded by the Office of Naval Research
Fast HEVC Intra Mode Decision Based on Edge Detection and SATD Costs Classification (2015)

The recent High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard was designed to achieve significantly improved compression performance compared to the widely used H.264/AVC standard. This achievement was motivated by the ever-increasing popularity of high-definition video applications and the emergence of ultra-HD. Unfortunately, this comes at the expense of a significant increase in computational complexity for both inter and intra coding. To alleviate this problem, in this paper, we propose a fast intra mode decision method based on improved edge detection, consideration of most relevant modes from neighboring blocks, and classification of SATD costs permitting the elimination of several candidate modes prior to rate distortion optimization (RDO). Experimental results show that the proposed method provides time reduction up to 39.2% and an average 35.6% with negligible quality loss as compared to the HEVC reference implementation HM 15.0.
Belief Condensation Filter for Navigation in Harsh Environments (2011)

Traditional techniques for navigation such as the Kalman filter cannot capture the nonlinear and non-Gaussian models appearing in wireless localization systems deployed in harsh environments. Nonparametric filters as particle filters can cope with such models at the expense of a computational complexity beyond the reach of low-cost navigation devices. In this paper, we establish a general framework for parametric filters based on belief condensation (BC), which can express highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian system and measurement models. Our methodology exploits the specific structure of the problem and decomposes it in such a way that the linear and Gaussian part can be solved efficiently. The set of parameters for the posterior distribution is updated by an optimization process, referred to as BC. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed parametric filter is close to that of the particle filter, but with a much lower complexity.
Reconfigurable mesh filters for terahertz modulation (2012)

A new scheme for terahertz modulation based on reconfigurable mesh filters is presented. Compared to existing terahertz modulator solutions, reconfigurable mesh filters have the promise of significant enhancement in modulation index over a broad range of terahertz frequencies.
Method For The Production Of Gamma-linolenic Acid And/or Stearidonic Acid In Transgenic Brassicaceae And Linaceae (Patent US 2008/0229454 A1) (2008)

The present invention relates to the production of gamma-linolenic acid (18:3<SUP>Delta6,9,12</SUP>) or stearidonic acid (18:4<SUP>Delta6,9,12,15</SUP>) or gamma-linolenic acid (18:3<SUP>Delta6,9,12</SUP>) and stearidonic acid (18:4<SUP>Delta6,9,12,15</SUP>) in transgenic plants of the family Brassicaceae, where the transgenic plants comprise at least 10% by weight of oleic acid based on the total fatty acid content and, as the result of the activity of the Delta6-desaturases used in the method, have an increased Delta6-C<SUB>18</SUB>-fatty acid content. The invention furthermore relates to novel nucleic acid sequences which code for the Delta6-desaturases used in the method, gene constructs comprising these nucleic acid sequences, a vector and transgenic plants comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence or a gene construct.
Conversion of coal to high octane gasoline. [4 claims; 2 drawings] (1976)

An integrated process is described for converting coal to high octane gasoline by gasifying the coal in such manner as to form a gas comprising carbon oxides, hydrogen, and methane; contacting this gas in one or a series of steps with one or a series of catalysts, respectively comprising a special high silica to alumina ratio zeolite; converting the carbon oxides and hydrogen by such contact to a product comprising water, high octane aromatic gasoline and light hydrocarbon gases; alkylating the C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ olefins with the isobutane in the light gases to produce alkylate gasoline; admixing the aromatic and alkylate gasoline; and subjecting the C/sub 2/-portion of the product to steam reforming whereby additional synthesis gas to be admixed with the gas produced by coal gasification is formed.
Bimorph Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2016)

This paper presents the concept, basic theory, fabrication, and testing results of dual-electrode bimorph piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) for both airand liquid-coupled applications. Both the theoretical analyses and experimental verifications under the proposed differential drive scheme display high drive sensitivity and an electromechanical coupling energy efficiency that is as high as 4× of the state-of-the-art pMUT with a similar geometry and frequency. The prototype transducers are fabricated in a CMOS-compatible process with the radii of 100-230 μm using aluminum nitride as the piezoelectric layers with the thicknesses varying from 715 to 950 nm and molybdenum (Mo) as the electrodes with a thickness of 130 nm. The tested operation frequencies of the prototype transducers are 200-970 kHz in air for possible ranging and motion detection applications, and from 250 kHz to 1 MHz in water for medical ultrasound applications such as fracture healing, tumor ablation, and transcranial sonothrombolysis. A 12 × 12 array structure is measured to have the highest intensity per voltage squared, per number of pMUTs squared, and per piezoelectric constant squared (In = I/(V Nd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) among all reported pMUT arrays. The generated acoustic intensity is in the range of 30-70 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> up to 2.5 mm from the transducer surface in mineral oil with a driving voltage of 5 Vac, which is suitable for battery-powered therapeutic ultrasound devices.
Performance-based optimal selection of cutting conditions and cutting tools in multipass turning operations using genetic algorithms (2002)

The paper presents a new methodology involving the use of genetic algorithms for the selection of optimum cutting conditions and cutting tools in multipass turning operations based on a comprehensive optimization criterion. The optimization objective includes the contributing effects of all major machining performance measures. A hybrid process model, based on metal-cutting theories and numerical interpolation from an experimental database, predicts major machining performance measures. Presented case studies demonstrate the application of the new methodology for the determination of optimum cutting conditions and the selection of cutting tool inserts.