gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the ultrasound standing wave in vibroacoustography for surface roughness imaging applications (2006)

The surface roughness (of about 20 microns) of an acrylic block immersed in water was measured using the acoustic emission pressure field (in the kHz range) induced by the dynamic radiation force of ultrasound (2 MHz). The dynamic radiation force is produced by mixing two beams of different frequencies to excite the probed object. The acoustic emission is a result of object vibration at the difference frequency of the incident ultrasound beams and is detected by a low-frequency hydrophone placed nearby the block. Due to the presence of the block, an ultrasound standing wave field is generated as a result of multiple reflections between the transducer and the block’s surface. The acoustic emission by the block’s surface varies according to its relative position to the transducer. This variation is used to form an image of the surface roughness at two difference frequencies Δf=9.9 and 22.4 kHz. To have a one-to-one map between the surface roughness and the image, the surface variation has to lie within the distance from a maximum to its nearest minimum in the standing wave. Images obtained here demonstrate that vibroacoustography may be used as a powerful tool for the nondestructive inspection and imaging of surface roughness [Mitri et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 234105 (2006)]. [Work supported by NIH.]
Adaptive work-stealing with parallelism feedback (2008)

Multiprocessor scheduling in a shared multiprogramming environment can be structured as two-level scheduling, where a kernel-level job scheduler allots processors to jobs and a user-level thread scheduler schedules the work of a job on its allotted processors. We present a randomized work-stealing thread scheduler for fork-join multithreaded jobs that provides continual parallelism feedback to the job scheduler in the form of requests for processors. Our A-STEAL algorithm is appropriate for large parallel servers where many jobs share a common multiprocessor resource and in which the number of processors available to a particular job may vary during the job's execution. Assuming that the job scheduler never allots a job more processors than requested by the job's thread scheduler, A-STEAL guarantees that the job completes in near-optimal time while utilizing at least a constant fraction of the allotted processors. We model the job scheduler as the thread scheduler's adversary, challenging the thread scheduler to be robust to the operating environment as well as to the job scheduler's administrative policies. For example, the job scheduler might make a large number of processors available exactly when the job has little use for them. To analyze the performance of our adaptive thread scheduler under this stringent adversarial assumption, we introduce a new technique called trim analysis, which allows us to prove that our thread scheduler performs poorly on no more than a small number of time steps, exhibiting near-optimal behavior on the vast majority. More precisely, suppose that a job has work T 1 and span T ∞ . On a machine with P processors, A-STEAL completes the job in an expected duration of O ( T 1 / P˜ + T ∞ + L lg P ) time steps, where L is the length of a scheduling quantum, and P˜ denotes the O ( T ∞ + L lg P )-trimmed availability. This quantity is the average of the processor availability over all time steps except the O ( T ∞ + L lg P ) time steps that have the highest processor availability. When the job's parallelism dominates the trimmed availability, that is, P˜ < T 1 / T ∞ , the job achieves nearly perfect linear speedup. Conversely, when the trimmed mean dominates the parallelism, the asymptotic running time of the job is nearly the length of its span, which is optimal. We measured the performance of A-STEAL on a simulated multiprocessor system using synthetic workloads. For jobs with sufficient parallelism, our experiments confirm that A-STEAL provides almost perfect linear speedup across a variety of processor availability profiles. We compared A-STEAL with the ABP algorithm, an adaptive work-stealing thread scheduler developed by Arora et al. [1998] which does not employ parallelism feedback. On moderately to heavily loaded machines with large numbers of processors, A-STEAL typically completed jobs more than twice as quickly as ABP, despite being allotted the same number or fewer processors on every step, while wasting only 10% of the processor cycles wasted by ABP.
Dependent random access point pictures in HEVC (2015)

This paper describes the concept and a number of system aspects for the Dependent Random Access Point (DRAP) picture, a new feature that was recently introduced in the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard. A DRAP picture is an inter-coded picture that may only reference the previous Intra Random Access Point (IRAP) picture and provides a random access point in the bitstream at the DRAP picture given that the IRAP picture is available. The DRAP picture is indicated in the HEVC bitstream by a supplementary enhancement indication (SEI) message. DRAP pictures could increase coding efficiency for random access configured bitstreams for video services like adaptive video streaming, video conferencing, and may also provide faster channel switching for broadcasted TV for a certain bitrate.
A highly sensitive two-photon fluorescent probe for mitochondrial zinc ions in living tissue (2012)

We report a highly sensitive two-photon probe (SZn2-Mito) which shows a 70-fold two-photon excited fluorescence enhancement in response to Zn(2+) and can selectively detect mitochondrial Zn(2+) in a rat hippocampal slice at a depth of 100-200 μm by using two-photon microscopy.
Derivation of Airway Basal Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2020)

Summary The derivation of self-renewing tissue-specific stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would shorten the time needed to engineer mature cell types in vitro and would have broad reaching implications for the field of regenerative medicine. Here we report the directed differentiation of human iPSCs into putative airway basal cells (“iBCs”), a population resembling the epithelial stem cell of lung airways. Using a dual fluorescent reporter system (NKX2-1 GFP ;TP63 tdTomato ) we track and purify these cells over time, as they first emerge from iPSC-derived foregut endoderm as developmentally immature NKX2-1 GFP+ lung progenitors which then augment a TP63 program during subsequent proximal airway epithelial patterning. These cells clonally proliferate, initially as NKX2-1 GFP+ /TP63 tdTomato+ immature airway progenitors that lack expression of the adult basal cell surface marker NGFR. However, in response to primary basal cell medium, NKX2-1 GFP+ / TP63 tdTomato+ cells upregulate NGFR and display the molecular and functional phenotype of airway basal stem cells, including the capacity to clonally self-renew or undergo multilineage ciliated and secretory epithelial differentiation in air-liquid interface cultures. iBCs and their differentiated progeny recapitulate several fundamental physiologic features of normal primary airway epithelial cells and model perturbations that characterize acquired and genetic airway diseases. In an asthma model of mucus metaplasia, the inflammatory cytokine IL-13 induced an increase in MUC5AC+ cells similar to primary cells. CFTR-dependent chloride flux in airway epithelium generated from cystic fibrosis iBCs or their syngeneic CFTR-corrected controls exhibited a pattern consistent with the flux measured in primary diseased and normal human airway epithelium, respectively. Finally, multiciliated cells generated from an individual with primary ciliary dyskinesia recapitulated the ciliary beat and ultrastructural defects observed in the donor. Thus, we demonstrate the successful de novo generation of a tissue-resident stem cell-like population in vitro from iPSCs, an approach which should facilitate disease modeling and future regenerative therapies for a variety of diseases affecting the lung airways.
Optimal service channel reconfiguration based on multi-agent simulation (2008)

Solving the problem of long queues becomes increasingly urgent in many on-site service outlets. For example, in a bank branch or a government agency, customers may have to wait for a very long time to be served. How to optimally reconfigure the capability of service channels in such outlets is a key for the service providers to improve efficiency and quality of service. In this paper, we propose a method to optimally configure service channels at a given service outlet. We integrate customer experience metrics with cost and profit into a unified objective function for optimization. Multi-agent simulation technique is employed to model the stochastic service processes and customer behavior, and to evaluate the objective function in optimizing service channel capacity. Some real-life data collected from bank branches provide significant empirical support to the method and demonstrate that the presented method is both effective and efficient.
Ketone Supplementation Reduces Superoxide Production in Cultured Primary Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Comparison of Young vs Aged Cells (2013)

In the United States, it is estimated that there are 1.8 million new cases of chronic wounds annually, with the majority occurring in the elderly. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage is augmented in aged patients leading to redox imbalance and is a key characteristic in impaired wound healing. Ketones are an energy substrate that reduce ROS production in the brain and heart, and thus may augment wound healing. We hypothesized that Beta‐Hydroxybutyrate (BHB; 5mM) would reduce cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production in both young and aged primary human dermal fibroblasts. Primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs, passaged 2–8) from young and aged donors (24 to 88 years) were incubated in the absence or presence of BHB for 72 hours prior to stress with 100uM tert‐buytl‐hydrogen peroxide for 3 hours. ROS production was measured fluorescently with dihydroethidium (DHE, cytosolic) and Mitosox Red (mitochondrial) in triplicate, N=6. In the cytosol, aged HDFs produced 28% (p=<0.001)) more ROS basally compared to their young counterparts. When incubated in BHB for 72 hours, ROS production in the young HDFs decreased by 40% (p=<0.0001) and by 41% (p=<0.0001) in the aged. In the mitochondria, aged HDFs produced 27% (p=<0.0001) more ROS at baseline than the young HDFs, consistent with observations in cytosol. When incubated in BHB, ROS production was reduced in the young by 29% (p<0.0001) and in the aged by 51% (p<0.0001); the aged ROS production was no longer significantly different from the young. Ketone supplementation did not significantly change proliferation in the HDFs, but did increase migration in both young and aged HDFs. We conclude that ketone supplementation may protect against redox stress and augment wound healing, shifting redox homeostasis in HDFs, especially in the elderly. Funding: ONR, VA Merit Review.
Towards Blockchain-enabled Open Architectures for Scalable Digital Asset\n Platforms (2021)

Today there is considerable interest in deploying blockchains and\ndecentralized ledger technology as a means to address the deficiencies of\ncurrent financial and digital asset infrastructures. The focal point of\nattention in many projects on digital asset and cryptocurrency is centered\naround blockchain systems and smart contracts. Many projects seek to make the\nblockchain as the centerpiece of the new decentralized world of finance.\nHowever, several roadblocks and challenges currently face this predominant\nblockchain-centric view. In this paper we argue that the proper and correct\nperspective on decentralized economy should be one that is asset-centric, where\nthe goal should be the consistent lifecycle management of assets in the\nreal-world with their digital representation on the blockchain. We introduce\nthe notion of the digital twin to capture the relationship between a real-world\nasset and its on-chain representation. A digital twin container is utilized to\npermit off-chain state persistence and on-chain state traceability, where the\ncontainer can be deployed on the blockchain as well as on traditional\napplication servers. The digital twin container becomes the bridge between\nlegacy infrastructures and the newly emergent blockchain infrastructures,\npermitting legacy systems to interoperate consistently with blockchain systems.\nWe believe this asset-centric view to be the correct evolutionary direction for\nthe nascent field of blockchains and decentralized ledger technology.\n
Development of a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip based on EuNPs-ES fluorescent probe for the detection of early Trichinella spiralis-specific IgG antibody in pigs (2021)

Trichinellosis, which is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is one of the most important zoonotic parasite diseases in the world. A rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip (ICS) based on Eu (III) nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed for the detection of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection in pigs. T. spiralis muscle larvae excretory secretory or preadult worm excretory secretory (ML-ES or PAW-ES) antigens were conjugated with EuNPs probes to capture T. spiralis-specific antibodies in pig sera, after which the complex bound to mouse anti-pig IgG deposited on the test line (T-line), producing a fluorescent signal. In the pigs infected with 100, 1000 and 10 000 ML, seroconversion was first detectable for the EuNPs-ML-ES ICS at 30, 25 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and for the EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS at 25, 21 and 17 dpi. These results show that EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS detects anti-Trichinella IgG in pigs 4-5 days earlier that test using ML-ES antigens. Our ICS have no cross reaction with other parasite infection sera. Furthermore, the detection process could be completed in 10 min. This study indicated that our ICS can be used for the detection of the circulating antibodies in early T. spiralis infection and provide a novel method for on-site detection of T. spiralis infection in pigs.
Influence of photon reabsorption on quasi-steady-state photoluminescence measurements on crystalline silicon (2006)

The influence of reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons within silicon samples on quasi-steady-state photoluminescence lifetime measurements and on implied current voltage curves obtained from photoluminescence is analyzed. It is shown that experimental artifacts resulting from reabsorption can generally be expected to be small and that they are expected only if the relative carrier density profile varies strongly with injection level. Such strong variations in the relative carrier density profile are shown to be expected only if the effective minority carrier lifetime varies with injection level over the range from 1to50μs which even then results in an under- or overestimation of the effective minority carrier lifetime by less than 20%.
Enzymatic Properties of a Novel Liquefying α-Amylase from an Alkaliphilic <i>Bacillus</i> Isolate and Entire Nucleotide and Amino Acid Sequences (1998)

A novel liquefying alpha-amylase (LAMY) was found in cultures of an alkaliphilic Bacillus isolate, KSM-1378. The specific activity of purified LAMY was approximately 5,000 U mg of protein-1, a value two- to fivefold greater between pH 5 and 10 than that of an industrial, thermostable Bacillus licheniformis enzyme. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.0 to 8.5 and displayed maximum activity at 55 degreesC. The molecular mass deduced from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was approximately 53 kDa, and the apparent isoelectric point was around pH 9. This enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed various carbohydrates to yield maltotriose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltose as major end products after completion of the reaction. Maltooligosaccharides in the maltose-to-maltopentaose range were unhydrolyzable by the enzyme. The structural gene for LAMY contained a single open reading frame 1, 548 bp in length, corresponding to 516 amino acids that included a signal peptide of 31 amino acids. The calculated molecular mass of the extracellular mature enzyme was 55,391 Da. LAMY exhibited relatively low amino acid identity to other liquefying amylases, such as the enzymes from B. licheniformis (68.9%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (66.7%), and Bacillus stearothermophilus (68.6%). The four conserved regions, designated I, II, III, and IV, and the putative catalytic triad were found in the deduced amino acid sequence of LAMY. Essentially, the sequence of LAMY was consistent with the tertiary structures of reported amylolytic enzymes, which are composed of domains A, B, and C and which include the well-known (alpha/beta)8 barrel motif in domain A.
Technique for mounting pyroelectric detector arrays (1980)

Technique is developed at Langley Research Center for mounting pyroelectric detector arrays on silicon integrated circuits. Procedure incorporates normal silicon integrated-circuit technology to form quasi-free mounts for detector arrays. Advantages of technique include lower cost, better image registration, and improved reliability.
Dispersion Diagram Characteristics of Periodic Array of Dielectric and Magnetic Materials Based Spheres (2009)

In this paper, the characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves supported by three dimensional (3D) periodic arrays of dielectric and magneto-dielectric spheres are theoretically investigated. The sphere particles have the potential to offer electric and magnetic dipole modes, where their novel arrangements engineer desired metamaterial performance. A full wave spherical modal analysis is applied to express the electromagnetic fields in terms of the electric and magnetic dipole modes and the higher order terms. Imposing the boundary conditions, determine the required equations for obtaining <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kd</i> -beta <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> dispersion characteristics. A metamaterial constructed from unit-cells of two different spheres is created, where one set of spheres develops electric modes, and the other set establishes magnetic modes. It is demonstrated that such a composite of high dielectric spheres provides double negative (DNG) metamaterial in a narrow frequency band spectrum where kd,betad<1. We also investigate the dispersion diagram for a 3D array of one-set of highly coupled dielectric spheres. Here, the couplings between the electric and magnetic dipoles of the spheres generate hybrid modes, resulting in a backward wave medium for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kd</i> > 1. The developments of DNG and backward wave metamaterials utilizing 3D array of magneto-dielectric spheres located inside space, and dielectric spheres embedded in a negative mu host, are also addressed. The use of magnetic materials allows accomplishing wider dispersion characteristic bandwidths and tunable feasibility.
Polysaccharide-Based Tissue Adhesives for Sealing Corneal Incisions (2007)

Polysaccharide-based tissue adhesives are efficacious in sealing corneal wounds and are non-cytotoxic to corneal endothelial cells. Such adhesives represent a promising new technology for ophthalmic surgery.
Stable Clouding Agent from Isolated Soy Protein (1992)

ABSTRACT In a dilute suspension the stability of soy protein particles equalled or surpassed that of orange juice prepared from concentrate during short‐term storage at 4°C. Soluble soy protein produced a stable cloud only when soluble pectin was present in the incubation medium as the particles were forming. In the absence of soluble pectin the nascent soy protein particles rapidly aggregated. This soy protein based clouding agent may provide a natural and healthy alternative to oil‐derived clouding agents. The stabilization of such suspended soy protein particles also provides a model system that may be comparable to orange juice cloud for stability studies.
Theoretical Overview of the Large Area Plasma Processing System (LAPPS) (2000)

Summary form only given. An initial theoretical study of LAPPS has focused on plasma and free radical production, ion fluxes to substrates, uniformity of the plasma and flux for insulating and conducting substrates, as well as DC and RF sheaths. This theoretical work has been used to analyze several initial experiments on isotropic etching, ion fluxes to conducting substrates, and measurements of electron temperature.
Characterization of New TPS Resins (2019)

Ablative thermal protection systems are commonly used as protection from the intense heat during re-entry of a space vehicle and have been used successfully on many missions including Stardust and Mars Science Laboratory both of which used PICA a phenolic based ablator. Historically, phenolic resin has served as the ablative polymer for many TPS systems. However, it has limitations in both processing and properties such as char yield, glass transition temperature and char stability. Therefore alternative high performance polymers are being considered such as: cyanate ester resin, polyimide, polybenzoxazine (PBZ), and polyimidazole (PBI).Thermal and mechanical properties of these four resin systems were characterized and compared with phenolic resin.
Detection of downlink transmit diversity in third generation cellular networks (2004)

The 3GPP WCDMA specification requires that the mobile support optional space time transmit diversity (STTD) encoding of various physical channels on the downlink. This means that the mobile needs to know if any physical channel is STTD encoded. In this paper, we propose an efficient and robust algorithm to detect STTD on the downlink by correlating the received signal at the mobile with the known patterns of the downlink synchronization channel (SCH) and the primary common pilot channel (P-CPlCH). The correlation result is used to estimate the relative phase between SCH and P-CPICH, which can only be set to two possible values at the base station transmitter, depending on whether STTD is used or not. We introduce near-optimum, but practical, decision metrics for this approach and provide a statistical analysis of the proposed method.
VoiceFilter: Targeted Voice Separation by Speaker-Conditioned Spectrogram Masking (2019)

In this paper, we present a novel system that separates the voice of a target speaker from multi-speaker signals, by making use of a reference signal from the target speaker.We achieve this by training two separate neural networks: (1) A speaker recognition network that produces speaker-discriminative embeddings;(2) A spectrogram masking network that takes both noisy spectrogram and speaker embedding as input, and produces a mask.Our system significantly reduces the speech recognition WER on multi-speaker signals, with minimal WER degradation on single-speaker signals.
Seperating and integrating control in a rule-based tool (1984)

For practical expert systems, more task-specific control is needed than provided in the bunt-in inference engine provided by most rule-based tools. A knowledge engineer typically accomplishes this by encoding the control within the rules or by programming outside the tool. This problem is addressed within the S.1 tool by providing a separate procedural representation for control knowledge that is integrated within the tool; this allows for a cleaner knowledge base and support by the tool for utilities such as explanation and translation of the control knowledge.