gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro hematotoxicity testing in drug development: a review of past, present and future applications. (2003)

Conventional hematotoxicity testing usually begins at the preclinical studies stage, and is valuable for monitoring the clinical status of subjects in clinical trials. However, as it is based on mature blood elements and related parameters, and not the cells producing these elements, it is not predictive. All proliferating cell systems, including lympho-hematopoiesis, exhibit a similar organizational structure that includes stem cells and their immediate progeny, the progenitor cells. These populations are the dose-limiting target populations for most drugs, especially anticancer drugs, as well as other compounds. In vitro assays detecting stem and progenitor cell populations are highly predictive, and new high-throughout colony-forming assays using human hematopoietic tissue allow hematotoxicity testing to be performed throughout drug development. Chronotoxicology and chronotherapeutics constitute a special application, and can predict the best time of the day to administer anticancer drugs.
<title>Low-contrast enhancement for electro-optic data</title> (1997)

Laser line scan imagery has been found to have fluctuating brightness regions due to high/low signal strengths when scanning data. The low signal strength regions can obscure visibility of potential mines, sometimes to the point of preventing identification by an operator inspecting the data. Two contrast enhancement routines have been developed to enhance obscured objects in the low signal strength regions: a background equalization routine that equalizes the high/low signal strength regions and a local histogram clipping routine that applies a moving window histogram clip to enhance details in the low strength regions without effecting the high strength regions.
Determination of the Biological Activity of Heparin by Use of a Chromogenic Substrate (1979)

We describe a new method for determining the biological activity of heparin in plasma with use of thrombin and the substrate Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA. The procedure is based on the photometric determination of the inactivation of thrombin after incubation with plasma in the presence of endogenous antithrombin III (At III). The method allows the specific determination of heparin concentrations from 0.02 USP to 0.8 USP/ml of plasma in the presence of normal At III levels. It has been carried out manually by use of an Eppendorf spectrum line photometer or automatically by use of a Vitatron Akes analyzer. For evaluation, the results were compared with two standard samples which contained heparin in the low and high therapeutic range, respectively.
Short Circuit Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SC-SECE) Strategy for Wideband Vibration Energy Harvesting (2018)

This paper presents an energy harvesting interface called Short Circuit Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SC-SECE), which is an improvement of the SECE interface for highly coupled piezoelectric generators. The SC-SECE interface is based on the control of a short-circuit through two tuning parameters. The first one, Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> , represents the phase between the displacement extrema and the energy harvesting event. The second, ΔΦ, is the angle difference between the beginning and end of the short-circuit phase. The performance of this approach has been compared to other interfaces such as the SECE and the capacitance tuning approach. With the SC-SECE interface, both the power and bandwidth are greatly improved. Experimental measurements have been performed on a highly-coupled piezoelectric harvester (km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.48) which provides a maximal harvestable power Plim of 6μW under an extremely low vibration amplitude (0.03G). We have been able to harvest more than 50% of this P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">lim</sub> over a large frequency band, from 90Hz to 140Hz. These results demonstrate the excellent potential of this approach for extending the bandwidth of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters.
Implementation, Design and Cost Assessment of a Membrane-Based Process for Selectively Enriching Desalinated Water with Divalent Seawater Ions (2018)

The paper describes results from operating a new 3-step membrane-based process targeted at separating Mg2+ from seawater in an inexpensive way, with the purpose of using it to enrich desalinated water with magnesium, with as little as possible Cl− and Na+ addition. To this end, seawater undergoes a series of processes aimed at increasing the Mg2+ concentration from ~1350 to ~4000 mg/L through nanofiltration while the monovalent ion concentrations are reduced by a nanofiltration-diananofiltration sequence, in which the diluent is RO produced water from a desalination plant. A dense ultrafiltration (UF) step precedes the nanofiltration-diananofiltration (NF-DiaNF) cycles. In this step sulfate in seawater is rejected better than divalent cations hence the retentate of this step has a ratio of total hardness to sulfate (([Ca2+] + [Mg2+])/[SO42−] → 1) which enables attaining an almost complete washout of monovalent ions in the DiaNF step. The paper is concluded with presentation of general design of the process steps and a cost assessment, which shows the process to be both flexible in the quality of the rich Mg solution generated, and cost competitive, relative to other alternatives.
A comparative study of two transient analysis algorithms for lossy transmission lines with frequency-dependent data (2002)

Two general algorithms for the modeling or lossy transmission lines with frequency-dependent parameters are contrasted and compared. The first is based on the generalized method of characteristics while the second is based on a more recent Pade macromodeling approach. The different approximations made in these two algorithms are contrasted and computational evidence is presented to show that these two methods complement each other in their properties.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO CATALYTIC DESULFURIZATION OF COAL (1998)

No abstract prepared.
Bioactivities and Secondary Structures of Constrained Analogues of Human Parathyroid Hormone:  Cyclic Lactams of the Receptor Binding Region (1997)

In a search for analogues of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) with improved activities and bioavailabilities, we have prepared the following three lactam analogues of hPTH-(1-31)-NH2 (1) or [Leu27]hPTH-(1-31)-NH2 (2): [Leu27]cyclo(Glu22-Lys26)-hPTH-(1-31)-NH2 (3), [Leu27]cyclo(Lys26-Asp30)-hPTH-(1-31)-NH2 (4), and cyclo(Lys27-Asp30)-hPTH-(1-31)-NH2 (5). Analogues 1, 2, and 5 had seven or eight residues of alpha-helix, as estimated from their circular dichroism (CD) spectra, in contrast to 12 residues in cyclic analogues 3 and 4. Thus, lactams 3 and 4 stabilized a helix previously shown to exist within residues 17-29. The adenylyl cyclase activity (EC50), measured in rat osteosarcoma 17/2 cells, of 5 (40.3 +/- 2.3 nM) was half that of its linear form 1 (19.9 +/- 3.9 nM). The linear Leu27 mutant 2 was twice as active (11.5 +/- 5.2) as analogue 1, and lactam analogue 3 was 6-fold more active (3.3 +/- 0.3 nM). Lactam analogue 4 had less activity (16.9 +/- 3.3 nM) than 2, its linear form. Peptides hPTH-(1-30)-NH2 (6), [Leu27]hPTH-(1-30)-NH2 (7), and [Leu27]cyclo(Glu22-Lys26)-hPTH-(1-30)-NH2 (8) all had AC-stimulating activities similar to that of 1. When injected intravenously, with a dose of 0.8 nmol/100 g of analogue in acid saline, hypotensive effects paralleled their adenylyl cyclase activities. They behaved quite differently when applied subcutaneously. Analogues 1, 5, and 6, the weakest, showed about half the drop in blood pressure observed with 3 and 4, the most active. In contrast, the time required to reach a maximum drop in blood pressure of 4-8, after subcutaneous administration, was 2-4 times that of the other analogues. Thus, the bioavailabilities of the lactam analogues, unlike their adenylyl cyclase-stimulating activities, were highly dependent on the presence or conformation of Val31.
TRAM: a design methodology for high-performance, easily testable, multimegabit RAMs (1988)

An architecture is proposed for multimegabit dynamic RAMs (random-access memories) that achieves higher testability and performance than the conventional four-quadrant RAMs. Applying the principle of divide and conquer, the RAM is partitioned into modules, each appearing as the leaf node of a binary interconnect network. Such a network carries the address/data/control bus, permitting the nodes to communicate among themselves as well as with the outside world. This architecture is shown to be easily testable. Parallelism in testing and partial self-test result in a large savings of testing time; the savings is independent of the test algorithm used. Unlike other testability schemes, this approach promises improved performance with only a small increase in chip area. It is also shown that the architecture is easily partionable and restructurable, with potential for yield and reliability improvement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
iSAN: Storage Area Network Management Modeling Simulation (2007)

Storage management plays an important role in ensuring the service level agreements (availability, reliability, performance etc..) that are critical to the operation of resilient business IT infrastructure. Also, storage resource management (SRM) is becoming the largest component in the overall cost of ownership of any large enterprise IT environment. Considering these functional requirements and business opportunities, several SRM suites have cropped up in the market place to provide uniform and interoperable management. But, development and test of these suites require access to huge set of heterogeneous multi- vendor storage area network (SAN) devices like fiber channel switches, storage subsystems, tape libraries, servers etc... It's almost impractical for a SRM Suite software manufacturer to own and manage these huge varieties of devices. Management modules of SAN devices have become logically independent components with the emergence of CIM and SMI-S. In this paper, we propose a framework and implementation named iSAN (imitation storage area network) that models the management module of the devices. Our tool can be used to perform a) simulation of management module ranging from individual device to large scale multi-vendor heterogeneous SAN for enterprise b) what-ifanalysis of enterprise IT environment before modeling the changes. This tool provides efficiency and cost- effectiveness with respect to development, test of SRM suites and planning of IT environment by removing their dependence on high cost SAN hardware. We have implemented this tool iSAN, and our experiment results show that one can attain the above mentioned functional objectives and bring significant productivity to enterprise IT environment management.
Lab-on-chip stretchable impedance spectroscopy device for mammalian cells studies (2017)

This paper presents the fabrication and testing of a novel Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Spectroscopy (ECIS) biosensor. This is the first time when ECIS electrodes were fabricated on a stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and ECIS measurements on mammalian cells exposed to cyclic strain of 4% and 8% were performed. The stretchable ECIS biosensors simulate in vitro the dynamic environment of organism, such as pulsation, bending and stretching, which enable the investigation on cell behavior that undergoes mechanical stimuli in biological tissue. This novel stretchable ECIS sensor was demonstrated to measure the cell impedance in static and stretching states.
Saturated high-repetition soft X-ray lasers at wavelengths down to 13.9 nm in Ni-like ions (2005)

Saturated tabletop lasers between 18.9 and 13.9 nm operating at 5 Hz repetition rate are demonstrated from Nickel-like transitions. The results were obtained utilizing a picosecond laser heating pulse of only 1 J.
Singularity Exponent from Wavelet-Based Multiscale Analysis: A New Seismic Attribute (2005)

Seismic interpretation has been traditionally based on reflections or amplitudes. However, amplitude alone can also disguise the true nature of subsurface geology and blur stratigraphic boundaries. In many cases important information is carried by singularities that are not necessarily associated to certain amplitude patterns. We present Hölder exponent (α) as a new seismic attribute which captures the locations and strengths of irregularities in the data. Holder exponent (α) is a measure of singularity strength defined at or around a point. Higher α indicates higher degree of regularity, and vice versa. It is demonstrated that α is a natural attribute for delineating stratigraphy boundaries due to its excellent abilities in detecting detailed geologic features from seismic data. We test our concept and wavelet-based multiscale analyzing algorithm on both synthetic and seismic data, and show that α improves our ability in the delineation of stratigraphy layers that would be otherwise vague in the original seismic amplitude display.
Adding real-time noise suppression capability to the cochlear implant PDA research platform (2012)

This paper presents the real-time implementation of an environment-adaptive noise suppression algorithm on an FDA-approved PDA platform for cochlear implant studies. This added capability involves identifying the background noise environment in real-time and adapting a data-driven noise suppression approach to that noise environment on-the-fly. Various software optimization steps are taken in order to achieve a real-time throughput on the PDA platform involving both the speech decomposition and the adaptive noise suppression components. Real-time timing results and a quantitative measure of noise suppression are presented.
Small molecule Photoregulin3 prevents retinal degeneration in the RhoP23H mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (2017)

Regulation of rod gene expression has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat retinal degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We previously reported on a small molecule modulator of the rod transcription factor Nr2e3, Photoregulin1 (PR1), that regulates the expression of photoreceptor-specific genes. Although PR1 slows the progression of retinal degeneration in models of RP in vitro, in vivo analyses were not possible with PR1. We now report a structurally unrelated compound, Photoregulin3 (PR3) that also inhibits rod photoreceptor gene expression, potentially though Nr2e3 modulation. To determine the effectiveness of PR3 as a potential therapy for RP, we treated <i>Rho<sup>P23H</sup></i> mice with PR3 and assessed retinal structure and function. PR3-treated <i>Rho<sup>P23H</sup></i> mice showed significant structural and functional photoreceptor rescue compared with vehicle-treated littermate control mice. These results provide further support that pharmacological modulation of rod gene expression provides a potential strategy for the treatment of RP.
Chemical synthesis and growth-promoting activity of all-<i>trans</i>-retinyl β-<scp>d</scp>-glucuronide (1987)

All-trans-retinol reacts with methyl (2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-bromo-1-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyran)uronate in the presence of Ag2CO3 to give the triacetate methyl ester of retinyl beta-glucuronide. Hydrolysis of this ester with sodium methylate in methanol gives retinyl beta-D-glucuronide in about 15% yield. The water-soluble retinyl beta-D-glucuronide was characterized by u.v.-visible, n.m.r. and mass spectra, by elemental analysis and by its susceptibility to hydrolysis by bacterial beta-glucuronidase. Retinyl beta-glucuronide, when administered intraperitoneally in saline (0.9% NaCl), supports well the growth of vitamin A-deficient rats.
Quantum mechanical scoring for protein docking (2009)

We develop a docking protocol based on quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations in which quantum mechanical energy is used as scoring. We test the protocol with three groups of examples with various binding site characteristics. The new docking method performs as well as or better than conventional docking methods in all three groups. In particular, for proteins with primarily hydrophobic binding sites, structural motifs with possible pi-pi interactions are often found and it is shown that these can be better modeled with quantum mechanical scoring docking than force field based methods. It seems that the new method performs in such cases to a great accuracy.
Size Effect: Effective T2 (T2*) of Gadolinium Silicide (Gd5Si4) Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles for High Magnetic Field (21.1 T) MRI (2023)

Introduction Contrast agents (CA) that are used in MRI today are mostly based on chelated gadolinium compounds for use as T1 CAs or superparamagnetic iron oxides (Fe3O4) for use as T2 CAs. Furthermore, these CAs have limited effectiveness at high magnetic fields [1]. However, ferromagnetic CAs are potentially more sensitive as T2 CAs than T1 paramagnetic compounds due to their large magnetic moments. In this study, effect of Gd5Si4 nano particles (NPs) of varying sizes and with different concentrations are investigated on T1, T2 and T2* relaxations times using the 21.1 T magnet at the NHMFL. Experimental Synthesis process of Gd5Si4 is described in detail elsewhere [2, 3]. Ball-milled Gd5Si4 NPs are size separated through time sedimentation process that provided four fractions (named S1, S2, S3 and S4) with average sizes of 735 nm, 655 nm, 541 nm and 287 nm respectively, as analyzed from SEM images. For MRI the NPs are diluted in solution with low-temperature 1% agarose with the 1:20 concentration. MR images were acquired using the 21.1 T (900 MHz) magnet at the NHMFL. For T1 measurements, a turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence was used with two rare factors. The echo time (TE) was 8.8 ms and repetition time (TR) of 600 ms were used. T2 relaxation rates were acquired with a multi slice multi echo (MSME) sequence using a TR/TE=5000/71.5 ms. For T2*, a 2D gradient echo (GRE) sequence was used with TR/TE=5000/1.1 ms. Relaxation data were processed in Matlab. Results and Discussion Magnetic properties measured in vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) reveal that the Curie temperature (Tc) decreases for Gd5Si4 phase from 315 K for S1 to 305 K for S4. The M-H curves at 300 K exhibits ferromagnetic behavior to more paramagnetic characteristics as we move from S1 to S4 fraction (Fig. 1). MRI results shown in Table 1 indicate that T2*, which is sensitive to local field distortions, increases with increasing particle size as would be expected. Contradictorily, the transverse relaxation (T2), show opposite trends. Fig.1a XRD patterns obtained from fractions. Reference peaks of Gd5Si4, Gd5Si3 and GdSi matches with the patterns. (b) M-H curve for all fractions. (c) M-T curve for all fractions. Table 1. Relaxation measurements for all 4 fractions of the Gd5Si4 particle Conclusions The timed sedimentation process provides four distinct fractions of the Gd5Si4 particle with different sizes and magnetic properties. The particles show strong T2 and T2* contrast. While T2* relaxation shows decreased relaxation time with increased particle size, T2 relaxation shows opposite trend, which could be due to the ferromagnetic properties of the CA, having different effects on the transverse relaxation. The strong contrast generated should provide excellent cell tracking properties, which is the aim for future work.
DSHARP—a wide-screen multi-projector display (2003)

This paper describes a projection system using DLP projectors and parabolic mirrors to provide a 90° curved screen with a 4-to-1 aspect ratio. This display is intended to provide an 'immersive' experience for the user and facilitate a very large canvas on which to utilize multiple applications or single ones requiring a large screen. The resulting display has a 3072 × 768 pixel display area.
Dispersion flattened fiber with large-effective-core area more than 50 μm/sup 2/ (2002)

Summary form only given. In summary, we have presented the design of dispersion-flattened fibers with relatively large-effective-core areas employing the triple-cladding profile and successfully fabricated quasi-dispersion-flattened fibers exhibiting the dispersion slopes <0.03 ps/nm/sup 2//km at 1.55 /spl mu/m and the effective core areas >55 /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Dual-Phase Interferometric Confocal Imaging for Electrical Signal Modulation Mapping in ICs (2012)

Abstract This paper demonstrates a differential dual-phase interferometric imaging method in which the reflected probe beam modulated weakly by the charge carriers is mixed separately with two reference beams with a known phase shift in between. Performing a balanced detection scheme on these two channels, the common-mode-noise associated with strong DC background and its noise can be significantly reduced. The performance of the interferometric technique is systematically compared with the conventional mapping method through investigating inverter chains on two test chips of 180nm bulk silicon technology and 32nm SOI technology. The future work will focus on adapting the method for GHz frequency regime and time-domain implementation of the method. The method will find applications in failure analysis and testing of advanced technology IC chips for which the high sensitivity in modulation mapping is required.
Near-infrared emitting ytterbium metal–organic frameworks with tunable excitation properties (2009)

The design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporating near-infrared emitting ytterbium cations and organic sensitizers allows for the preparation of new materials with tunable and enhanced photophysical properties.
The effective opening of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with single agonist binding sites (2011)

We have identified a means by which agonist-evoked responses of nicotinic receptors can be conditionally eliminated. Modification of α7L119C mutants by the sulfhydryl reagent 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) reduces responses to acetylcholine (ACh) by more than 97%, whereas corresponding mutations in muscle-type receptors produce effects that depend on the specific subunits mutated and ACh concentration. We coexpressed α7L119C subunits with pseudo wild-type α7C116S subunits, as well as ACh-insensitive α7Y188F subunits with wild-type α7 subunits in Xenopus laevis oocytes using varying ratios of cRNA. When mutant α7 cRNA was coinjected at a 5:1 ratio with wild-type cRNA, net charge responses to 300 µM ACh were retained by α7L119C-containing mutants after MTSEA modification and by the ACh-insensitive Y188F-containing mutants, even though the expected number of ACh-sensitive wild-type binding sites would on average be fewer than two per receptor. Responses of muscle-type receptors with one MTSEA-sensitive subunit were reduced at low ACh concentrations, but much less of an effect was observed when ACh concentrations were high (1 mM), indicating that saturation of a single binding site with agonist can evoke strong activation of nicotinic ACh receptors. Single-channel patch clamp analysis revealed that the burst durations of fetal wild-type and α1β1γδL121C receptors were equivalent until the α1β1γδL121C mutants were exposed to MTSEA, after which the majority (81%) of bursts were brief (≤2 ms). The longest duration events of the receptors modified at only one binding site were similar to the long bursts of native receptors traditionally associated with the activation of receptors with two sites containing bound agonists.
Flame-Retardant Coating is Heat-Sealed (1982)

Plastic coating that makes fabrics flame-and abrasion-resistant is sealed to fabric by heat. Coating produces flexible, lightweight, impermeable fabrics that are firesafe and can withstand rough use. Coated fabric was developed for use in garments and containers for space exploration, but would also be suitable for rainwear, clothing for hazardous environments, and leakproof containers.