gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracting INT8 Multipliers from INT18 Multipliers (2019)

With the advent of machine learning as perhaps the most high-profile application area for FPGAs, there is a compelling reason to improve the provision of smaller precision arithmetic on these devices. INT8 is commonly used for AI inferencing, and along with some additional soft logic for exponent handling, can be an effective solution for training as well. This paper describes techniques for efficiently extracting INT8 multipliers from commonly available INT18 multipliers found in many modern FPGAs. A small amount of soft logic - as little as 7 ALMs per INT8 multiplier - is required to provide pre or post multiplier correction to calculate two INT8 multiplies from a single 18x18 multiplier. We present two configurations for both signed and unsigned representations where two multiplications share one input operand. In addition to the individual INT8 variants, we present full device cases of 22,400 INT8 multipliers organized as DOT32 product arrays, with the soft logic tightly bound to the INT18 based DSP Blocks. A majority of the soft logic and routing in the device is left untouched, and available for application development.
Performance of thin separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (1998)

Previously, it has been demonstrated that resonant-cavity-enhanced separate-absorption-and-multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) can achieve high bandwidths and high gain-bandwidth products while maintaining good quantum efficiency. In this paper, we describe a GaAs-based resonant-cavity-enhanced SAM APD that utilizes a thin charge layer for improved control of the electric field profile. These devices have shown RC-limited bandwidths above 30 GHz at low gains and gain-bandwidth products as high as 290 GHz. In order to gain insight into the performance of these APDs, homojunction APDs with thin multiplication regions were studied. It was found that the gain and noise have a dependence on the width of the multiplication region that is not predicted by conventional models. Calculations using width-dependent ionization coefficients provide good fits to the measured results. These calculations indicate that the gain-bandwidth product depends strongly on the charge layer doping and on the multiplication layer thickness and, further, that even higher gain-bandwidth products can be achieved with optimized structures.
Dynamic hair manipulation in images and videos (2013)

This paper presents a single-view hair modeling technique for generating visually and physically plausible 3D hair models with modest user interaction. By solving an unambiguous 3D vector field explicitly from the image and adopting an iterative hair generation algorithm, we can create hair models that not only visually match the original input very well but also possess physical plausibility (e.g., having strand roots fixed on the scalp and preserving the length and continuity of real strands in the image as much as possible). The latter property enables us to manipulate hair in many new ways that were previously very difficult with a single image, such as dynamic simulation or interactive hair shape editing. We further extend the modeling approach to handle simple video input, and generate dynamic 3D hair models. This allows users to manipulate hair in a video or transfer styles from images to videos.
Artifacts associated with implementation of the Grangeat formula (2002)

To compensate for image artifacts introduced in approximate cone-beam reconstruction, exact cone-beam reconstruction algorithms are being developed for medical x-ray CT. Although the exact cone-beam approach is theoretically error-free, it is subject to image artifacts due to the discrete nature of numerical implementation. We report a study on image artifacts associated with the Grangeat algorithm as applied to a circular scanning locus. Three types of artifacts are found, which are thorn, wrinkle, and V-shaped artifacts. The thorn pattern is created by inappropriate extrapolation into the shadow zone in the radon domain. If the shadow zone is filled in with continuous data, the thorn artifacts along the boundary of the shadow zone can be removed. The wrinkle appearance arises if interpolated first derivatives of the radon data are not smooth between adjacent detector planes. In particular, the nearest-neighbor interpolation method should not be used. If the number of projections is not small, the bilinear interpolation method is effective to suppress the wrinkle artifacts. The V-shaped artifacts on the meridian plane come from the line integrations through the transition zones where derivative data change abruptly. Two remedies are to increase the sampling rate and suppress data noise.
Point-Based data analysis for extracting parameters of cutting tools (2009)

Various types of cutting tools are known and are in use for machining parts. The dimensional parameters associated with cutting tools need to be estimated and compared to the desired values for determining their cutting performance. In this paper, a data analysis methodology for extracting parameters from a measured point set corresponding to the surface of a cutting tool is provided. We propose that the 3-D data can be simplified into 2-D data or regular data by virtually slicing it at a predetermined section or by projecting it onto a same axial plane after a simple fixed-axis rotation. A plurality of curves can be generated and optimized based on the obtained 2-D points on a cross section for calculating the section parameters, including radial (axial) rake angle, relief angle, and land width. Other dimensional parameters can also be extracted from the contour of the presented rotary axial projection data. The experimental results have shown that the approaches elaborated in this paper are effective and robust, which can be potentially extended to other applications such as the inspection of similar parts and their parameters extraction.
High-frequency ultrasound sensors using polymer microring resonators (2007)

Polymer microring resonators are demonstrated as high-frequency, ultrasound detectors. An optical microring resonator consists of a ring waveguide closely coupled to a straight bus waveguide, serving as light input and output. Acoustic waves irradiating the ring induce strain, deforming the waveguide dimensions and changing the refractive index of the waveguide via the elasto-optic effect. These effects modify the effective refractive index of the guided mode inside the waveguide. The sharp wavelength dependence of the microring resonance can enhance the optical response to acoustic strain. Such polymer microring resonators are experimentally demonstrated in detecting broadband ultrasound pulses from a 50 MHz transducer. Measured frequency response shows that these devices have potential in high-frequency, ultrasound detection. Design guidelines for polymer microring resonators forming an ultrasound detector array are discussed.
Developing Riboswitch-Mediated Gene Regulatory Controls in Thermophilic Bacteria (2019)

Thermophilic bacteria are attractive hosts to produce bio-based chemicals. While various genetic manipulations have been employed in the metabolic engineering of thermophiles, a robust means to regulate gene expression in these bacteria (∼55 °C) is missing. Our bioinformatic search for various riboswitches in thermophilic bacteria revealed that major classes of riboswitches are present, suggesting riboswitches' regulatory roles in these bacteria. By building synthetic constructs incorporating natural and engineered purine riboswitch sequences originated from foreign species, we quantified respective riboswitches activities in repressing and up-regulating gene expression in Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius using a green fluorescence protein. The elicited regulatory response was ligand-concentration-dependent. We further demonstrated that riboswitch-mediated gene expression of adhE (responsible for ethanol production) in Clostridium thermocellum can modulate ethanol production, redirect metabolites, and control cell growth in the adhE knockout mutant. This work has made tunable gene expression feasible across different thermophiles for broad applications including biofuels production and gene-to-trait mapping.
Optically pumped Iodine monofluoride <i>B</i>3Π(O+)→<i>X</i>1Σ+ laser (1980)

An optically pumped iodine monofluoride laser operating on the B3Π(O+)→X2Σ+ system has been demonstrated. Ground-state IF was produced by the reaction of I2+F2 and subsequently excited with a high-energy, broadband dye laser. Lasing was observed on the (2,10), (3,11), (4,9), and (4,10) transitions covering the wavelength range 7200–6500 Å.
<title>Workstation interface for ROC studies in digital mammography</title> (1997)

The goal of this project was the development of a workstation-user interface for evaluating computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) methods for digital mammography in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) experiments. Digital mammography poses significant and unique difficulties in the design and implementation of such an interface because multiple, large size images need to be handled at high- speeds. Furthermore, controls such as contrast, pan and zoom, and tools such as reporting forms, case information, and analysis of results need to be included. The software and hardware used to develop such a workstation and interface were based on Sun platforms and the Unix operating system. The software was evaluated by radiologists, and found to be user friendly, and comparable to standard mammography film reading in terms of display layout and speed. The software, as designed, will work on entry level workstations as well as high-end workstations with specialized hardware, thus being usable in either an educational, training, or clinical environment for annotation purposes using CAD techniques as well as primary diagnosis.
CompactDFA: Generic State Machine Compression for Scalable Pattern Matching (2010)

Pattern matching algorithms lie at the core of all contemporary Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), making it intrinsic to reduce their speed and memory requirements. This paper focuses on the most popular class of pattern-matching algorithms, the Aho-Corasick-like algorithms, which are based on constructing and traversing a Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA), representing the patterns. While this approach ensures deterministic time guarantees, modern IDSs need to deal with hundreds of patterns, thus requiring to store very large DFAs which usually do not fit in fast memory. This results in a major bottleneck on the throughput of the IDS, as well as its power consumption and cost. We propose a novel method to compress DFAs by observing that the name of the states is meaningless. While regular DFAs store separately each transition between two states, we use this degree of freedom and encode states in such a way that all transitions to a specific state can be represented by a single prefix that defines a set of current states. Our technique applies to a large class of automata, which can be categorized by simple properties. Then, the problem of pattern matching is reduced to the well-studied problem of Longest Prefix Matching (LPM) that can be solved either in TCAM, in commercially available IP-lookup chips, or in software. Specifically, we show that with a TCAM our scheme can reach a throughput of 10 Gbps with low power consumption.
An approach to targeted drug delivery based on uniform magnetic fields (2003)

The capability to deliver high effective dosages to specific sites in the human body has become the holy grail of drug delivery research. Drugs with proven effectiveness under in vitro investigation often reach a major roadblock under in vivo testing due to a lack of an effective delivery strategy. In addition, many clinical scenarios require delivery of agents that are therapeutic at the desired delivery point, but otherwise systemically toxic. We propose a method for targeted drug delivery by applying uniform magnetic fields to an injected superparamagnetic colloidal fluid carrying a drug. The experimental and theoretical models presented give insight into the use of magnetic microspheres for site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents and blood flow occlusion for embolotherapy.
Functional Studies of [FeFe] Hydrogenase Maturation in an <i>Escherichia coli</i> Biosynthetic System (2006)

Maturation of [FeFe] hydrogenases requires the biosynthesis and insertion of the catalytic iron-sulfur cluster, the H cluster. Two radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) proteins proposed to function in H cluster biosynthesis, HydEF and HydG, were recently identified in the hydEF-1 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (M. C. Posewitz, P. W. King, S. L. Smolinski, L. Zhang, M. Seibert, and M. L. Ghirardi, J. Biol. Chem. 279:25711-25720, 2004). Previous efforts to study [FeFe] hydrogenase maturation in Escherichia coli by coexpression of C. reinhardtii HydEF and HydG and the HydA1 [FeFe] hydrogenase were hindered by instability of the hydEF and hydG expression clones. A more stable [FeFe] hydrogenase expression system has been achieved in E. coli by cloning and coexpression of hydE, hydF, and hydG from the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. Coexpression of the C. acetobutylicum maturation proteins with various algal and bacterial [FeFe] hydrogenases in E. coli resulted in purified enzymes with specific activities that were similar to those of the enzymes purified from native sources. In the case of structurally complex [FeFe] hydrogenases, maturation of the catalytic sites could occur in the absence of an accessory iron-sulfur cluster domain. Initial investigations of the structure and function of the maturation proteins HydE, HydF, and HydG showed that the highly conserved radical-SAM domains of both HydE and HydG and the GTPase domain of HydF were essential for achieving biosynthesis of active [FeFe] hydrogenases. Together, these results demonstrate that the catalytic domain and a functionally complete set of Hyd maturation proteins are fundamental to achieving biosynthesis of catalytic [FeFe] hydrogenases.
Automatic performance device with tempo follow-up function (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Akira Nakada, Eisaku Okamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida; Automatic performance device with tempo follow‐up function. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1984; 75 (1): 306. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.390319 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The impact of respiratory motion on tumor quantification and delineation in static PET/CT imaging (2009)

Our aim is to investigate the impact of respiratory motion on tumor quantification and delineation in static PET/CT imaging using a population of patient respiratory traces. A total of 1295 respiratory traces acquired during whole body PET/CT imaging were classified into three types according to the qualitative shape of their signal histograms. Each trace was scaled to three diaphragm motion amplitudes (6 mm, 11 mm and 16 mm) to drive a whole body PET/CT computer simulation that was validated with a physical phantom experiment. Three lung lesions and one liver lesion were simulated with diameters of 1 cm and 2 cm. PET data were reconstructed using the OS-EM algorithm with attenuation correction using CT images at the end-expiration phase and respiratory-averaged CT. The errors of the lesion maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(max)) and lesion volumes between motion-free and motion-blurred PET/CT images were measured and analyzed. For respiration with 11 mm diaphragm motion and larger quiescent period fraction, respiratory motion can cause a mean lesion SUV(max) underestimation of 28% and a mean lesion volume overestimation of 130% in PET/CT images with 1 cm lesions. The errors of lesion SUV(max) and volume are larger for patient traces with larger motion amplitudes. Smaller lesions are more sensitive to respiratory motion than larger lesions for the same motion amplitude. Patient respiratory traces with relatively larger quiescent period fraction yield results less subject to respiratory motion than traces with long-term amplitude variability. Mismatched attenuation correction due to respiratory motion can cause SUV(max) overestimation for lesions in the lower lung region close to the liver dome. Using respiratory-averaged CT for attenuation correction yields smaller mismatch errors than those using end-expiration CT. Respiratory motion can have a significant impact on static oncological PET/CT imaging where SUV and/or volume measurements are important. The impact is highly dependent upon motion amplitude, lesion location and size, attenuation map and respiratory pattern. To overcome the motion effect, motion compensation techniques may be necessary in clinical practice to improve the tumor quantification for determining the response to therapy or for radiation treatment planning.
Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in koi carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L (2008)

Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdovirus associated with systemic illness and mortality in cyprinids. Several diagnostic tests are available for detection of SVCV. However, most of these tests are time consuming and are not well adapted for field-based diagnostics. In this study, a diagnostic tool for SVCV detection based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has been developed. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein (G) gene of SVCV North Carolina (NC) isolate, four sets (each set containing two outer and two inner) of primers were designed. Temperature and time conditions were optimized to 65 degrees C and 60 min, respectively, for LAMP and RT-LAMP using one primer set. In vitro specificity was evaluated using four different strains of fish rhabdoviruses and RT-LAMP was found to be specific to SVCV. Serial dilutions of SVCV NC isolate was used to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of RT-LAMP. Sensitivity of the assays was similar to RT-PCR and detected SVCV even at the lowest dilution of 10(1) TCID50 mL(-1). The ability of RT-LAMP to detect SVCV from infected carp was also tested and the assay detected SVCV from all infected fish. The isothermal temperature requirements, high specificity and sensitivity, and short incubation time of the RT-LAMP assay make it an excellent choice as a field diagnostic test for SVCV.
<title>Passive detection of subpixel obstacles for flight safety</title> (2001)

Military aircraft fly below 100 ft. above ground level in support of their missions. These aircraft include fixed and rotary wing and may be manned or unmanned. Flying at these low altitudes presents a safety hazard to the aircrew and aircraft, due to the occurrences of obstacles within the aircraft's flight path. The pilot must rely on eyesight and in some cases, infrared sensors to see obstacles. Many conditions can exacerbate visibility creating a situation in which obstacles are essentially invisible, creating a safety hazard, even to an alerted aircrew. Numerous catastrophic accidents have occurred in which aircraft have collided with undetected obstacles. Accidents of this type continue to be a problem for low flying military and commercial aircraft. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have the same problem, whether operating autonomously or under control of a ground operator. Boeing-SVS has designed a passive, small, low- cost (under $100k) gimbaled, infrared imaging based system with advanced obstacle detection algorithms. Obstacles are detected in the infrared band, and linear features are analyzed by innovative cellular automata based software. These algorithms perform detection and location of sub-pixel linear features. The detection of the obstacles is performed on a frame by frame basis, in real time. Processed images are presented to the aircrew on their display as color enhanced features. The system has been designed such that the detected obstacles are displayed to the aircrew in sufficient time to react and maneuver the aircraft to safety. A patent for this system is on file with the US patent office, and all material herein should be treated accordingly.
Multiuser interference mitigation in time-hopped ultra-wideband Receivers (2012)

Offering a large bandwidth under strict transmission power limits, UWB communications can overcome the spectral congestion and consequent performance impairment experienced by narrowband devices operating in common unlicensed frequency bands. The impulse radio (IR) class of UWB systems typically uses time-hopping (TH) and repetition codes. The TH scheme is intended to prevent catastrophic interference between TH-UWB transmissions. However, in applications where several UWB devices are located at close range, multiple-user interference (MUI) can impair uncoordinated transmissions. In particular, a conventional receiver does not properly exploit the TH code and performs poorly in the presence of strong MUI. In this paper, the properties of MUI in TH-UWB are reviewed, and two classes of techniques for mitigation of this MUI are presented. The first class uses statistical characterizations of the MUI-plus-AWGN disturbance as a basis for receiver design, leading to improved nonlinear receiver structures. The second class uses interference-sensing techniques specifically developed for TH-UWB radio, which control combining of pulse replicas at the receiver. Both methods lead to greatly improved bit error rate performance versus the conventional receiver. Different implementations are presented for each class, and the complexity and performance of each implementation is discussed. Both types of interference mitigation can be powerfully and efficiently used in a single receiver, and composite receiver designs are shown that provide superior performance.
Registration of ‘Georgia-14N’ Peanut (2015)

‘Georgia-14N’ (Reg. No. CV-126, PI 674169) is a new high-yielding, high-oleic, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)–resistant, root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1]–resistant, small-seeded, runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2014. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia-14N originated from a cross made between ‘Georgia-02C’ × F4 (‘Georgia-01R’ × ‘COAN’). Pedigree selection was practiced within the early-segregating generations. Performance testing began in the F4:6 generation with the advanced pure-line selection GA 082522, the experimental designation of Georgia-14N. During 3 yr (2011–2013) averaged over 29 multiple location tests without nematode pressure in Georgia, Georgia-14N had significantly less TSWV and total disease incidence, higher yield, grade, and dollar value return per hectare compared with ‘Tifguard’. Georgia-14N was also found to have a smaller runner seed size compared with the larger runner-type check cultivar Tifguard. Georgia-14N combines high yield, TSWV resistance and RKN resistance with smaller seed size and the high-oleic trait for longer shelf-life and improved oil quality of peanut and peanut products.