gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The miRNA Profile of Platelets Stored in a Blood Bank and Its Relation to Cellular Damage from Storage (2015)

Millions of blood products are transfused each year, and many lives are directly affected by transfusion. Platelet concentrate (PC) is one of the main products derived from blood. Even under good storage conditions, PC is likely to suffer cell damage. The shape of platelets changes after 5 to 7 days of storage at 22°C. Taking into consideration that some platelet proteins undergo changes in their shape and functionality during PC storage. Sixteen PC bags were collected and each PC bag tube was cut into six equal pieces to perform experiments with platelets from six different days of storage. Thus, on the first day of storage, 1/6 of the tube was used for miRNA extraction, and the remaining 5/6 was stored under the same conditions until extraction of miRNAs on each the following five days. Samples were sequenced on an Illumina Platform to demonstrate the most highly expressed miRNAs. Three miRNAs, mir127, mir191 and mir320a were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) in 100 PC bags tubes. Our method suggests, the use of the miRNAs mir127 and mir320a as biomarkers to assess the "validity period" of PC bags stored in blood banks for long periods. Thus, bags can be tested on the 5th day of storage for the relative expression levels of mir127 and mir320a. Thus, we highlight candidate miRNAs as biomarkers of storage damage that can be used as tools to evaluate the quality of stored PC. The use of miRNAs as biomarkers of damage is unprecedented and will contribute to improved quality of blood products for transfusions.
A family of antimicrobial peptides is produced by processing of a 7S globulin protein in Macadamia integrifolia kernels (1999)

A new family of antimicrobial peptides has been discovered in Macadamia integrifolia. The first member of this new family to be purified from nut kernels was a peptide of 45 aa residues, termed MiAMP2c. This peptide inhibited various plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. cDNA clones corresponding to MiAMP2c encoded a 666 aa precursor protein homologous to vicilin 7S globulin proteins. The deduced precursor protein sequence contained a putative hydrophobic N-terminal signal sequence (28 aa), an extremely hydrophilic N-proximal region (212 aa), and a C-terminal region of 426 aa which is represented in all vicilins. The hydrophilic portion of the deduced protein contained the sequence for MiAMP2c as well as three additional segments having the same cysteine spacing pattern as MiAMP2c. Each member of the MiAMP2 family (i.e. MiAMP2a, b, c and d) consisted of approximately 50 amino acids and contained a C-X-X-X-C-(10-12)X-C-X-X-X-C motif. Subsequent isolations from seed exudates led to the purification of the predicted family members MiAMP2b and 2d, both of which also exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro. These results suggest that some vicilins play a role in defence during seed germination.
Hydrophone design to overcome reduction in leakage resistance between electrode surface of transducer element assembly and the water in which the hydrophone is immersed (1988)

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Magnetic bubble memory chip design (1973)

The choice and organization of bubble-circuit functions in the design of a magnetic bubble mass memory chip are discussed with emphasis on factors such as circuit function compatibility and performance, circuit density, and processing simplicity. A specific major-minor organized chip design is described which uses rotating field driven propagation, $-sign transfer gates, all T-bar minor loops, a nucleate generator with chevron merging port, a chevron based replicator/ annihilator and a chevron guard rail expander detector. The overall operating characteristics of chips having 20 510 bits of storage capacity have been measured and a bias field margin of 12 Oe is typically obtained with a 25 Oe, 100 kHz rotating field.
HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma and related diseases (2017)

: The search for the etiologic agent for Kaposi sarcoma led to the discovery of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in 1994. KSHV, also called human herpesvirus-8, has since been shown to be the etiologic agent for several other tumors and diseases, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an extracavitary variant of PEL, KSHV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a form of multicentric Castleman disease, and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. KSHV encodes several genes that interfere with innate and specific immunity, thwart apoptosis, enhance cell proliferation and cytokine production, and promote angiogenesis, and these play important roles in disease pathogenesis. HIV is an important cofactor in Kaposi sarcoma pathogenesis, and widespread use of antiretroviral therapy has reduced Kaposi sarcoma incidence. However, Kaposi sarcoma remains the second most frequent tumor arising in HIV-infected patients in the United States and is particularly common in sub-Saharan Africa. KSHV prevalence varies substantially in different populations. KSHV is secreted in saliva, and public health measures to reduce its spread may help reduce the incidence of KSHV-associated diseases. Although there have been advances in the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma, KSHV-multicentric Castleman disease, and PEL, improved therapies are needed, especially those that are appropriate for Kaposi sarcoma in resource-poor regions.
Higher-Energy Collisional Dissociation in the Existing High Pressure Multipole Region of a Stand-Alone Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2006)

A method for higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) in an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) has been developed. Precursor ions are selected in the ITMS and passed to the high pressure RF-only multipole (MP00) for dissociation. Fragment ions are then transferred back to the ITMS for mass analysis. Conventionally, collision induced dissociation in an ITMS is performed by resonantly exciting precursor ions (rCID) in the presence of buffer gas. This method is robust and informative. However, low-mass fragment ions are not captured and generally only primary fragmentation pathways of lower energy are observed. By performing HCD in MP00, both of these limitations are overcome, opening the way for applications such as peptide quantification by isotopic labeling strategies.
Inhibition of Neutrophil Exocytosis Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury in Rats (2013)

Exocytosis of neutrophil granules contributes to acute lung injury (ALI) induced by infection or inflammation, suggesting that inhibition of neutrophil exocytosis in vivo could be a viable therapeutic strategy. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a cell-permeable fusion protein that inhibits neutrophil exocytosis (TAT-SNAP-23) on ALI using an immune complex deposition model in rats. The effect of inhibition of neutrophil exocytosis by intravenous administration of TAT-SNAP-23 on ALI was assessed by albumin leakage, neutrophil infiltration, lung histology, and proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Administration of TAT-SNAP-23, but not TAT-control, significantly reduced albumin leakage, total protein levels in the BALF, and intra-alveolar edema and hemorrhage. Evidence that TAT-SNAP-23 inhibits neutrophil exocytosis included a reduction in plasma membrane CD18 expression by BALF neutrophils and a decrease in neutrophil granule proteins in BALF. Similar degree of neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and/or BALF suggests that TAT-SNAP-23 did not alter vascular endothelial cell function. Proteomic analysis of BALF revealed that components of the complement and coagulation pathways were significantly reduced in BALF from TAT-SNAP-23-treated animals. Our results indicate that administration of a TAT-fusion protein that inhibits neutrophil exocytosis reduces in vivo ALI. Targeting neutrophil exocytosis is a potential therapeutic strategy to ameliorate ALI.
A new approach to transducer design applied to a foil electret acoustic antenna (1984)

A new approach to transducer design is introduced in which a transducer is viewed as a continuum of infinitesimal, locally reacting elements. The transducer response is the coherent sum of the responses of the infinitesimal elements. Hence variations in transducer response characteristics will be produced by variations in the relative contribution of each element. It is thus possible to produce designed transducer characteristics through selection of a suitable local sensitivity shading function. This new approach is used to design a foil electret acoustic antenna which achieves with a single transducer direction characteristics similar to these of a linear microphone array. Five methods for accomplishing sensitivity variation in the electret microphone have been identified: variation of active width, variation of charge density, variation of actual airgap, variation of foil thickness, and variation of effective airgap. It is shown that compared to a linear microphone array, the single transducer acoustic antenna offers advantages of lower sensitivity to small construction errors, directional behavior over a wider frequency range, easier construction, and potentially higher signal to noise ratio.
Competitive Immunosorbent Assays Using Ligand−Enzyme Conjugates and Bifunctional Liposomes: Theory and Experiment (1996)

Two models of immunoadsorbent assays are developed that describe the competitive adsorption of labeled antigen and unlabeled analyte to antibody binding sites immobilized on a solid surface. In the first model, a small labeled antigen and a small unlabeled analyte compete with only binding site limitations and no steric limitations. A multicomponent langmuir isotherm results that is sufficient to quantify competitive adsorption. This model can describe, with no adjustable parameters, the data of competitive assays for biotin using biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) over a wide range of anti-biotin antibody (ABA) surface densities. In the second model, the small unlabeled analyte competes with a large colloidal particle containing many antigens and enzyme labels attached to its surface. This model quantifies the steric interference that large particles can experience upon binding (large ligand effect) due to the lower probability of finding an available area of the right size to accommodate the larger adsorbent. This large ligand model also takes into account the increased probability of binding a large particle due to the larger number of antibody binding sites covered per collision. The resulting model is used to analyze the competitive assay data of biotin competing with liposomes to which many biotin and HRP molecules have been conjugated. This analysis is of interest because previous work has shown that these bifunctional liposomes can reduce the detection limit for antigens in bulk solution relative to assays performed with conventional small labeled antigens.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylic C—H Oxidation of Terminal Olefins to Isochromans by Palladium(II)/Chiral Sulfoxide Catalysis. (2016)

Abstract Novel chiral aryl sulfoxide‐oxazoline ligands are synthesized and employed in the enantioselective synthesis of isochromans.
<i>Anaplasma marginale</i>(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host–pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia (2004)

The tick-borne intracellular pathogen Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) develops persistent infections in cattle and tick hosts. While erythrocytes appear to be the only site of infection in cattle, A. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks and transmission occurs via salivary glands during feeding. Many geographic isolates occur that vary in genotype, antigenic composition, morphology and infectivity for ticks. In this chapter we review recent research on the host-vector-pathogen interactions of A. marginale. Major surface proteins (MSPs) play a crucial role in the interaction of A. marginale with host cells. The MSP1a protein, which is an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, is differentially regulated and affects infection and transmission of A. marginale by Dermacentor spp. ticks. MSP2 undergoes antigenic variation and selection in cattle and ticks, and contributes to the maintenance of persistent infections. Phylogenetic studies of A. marginale geographic isolates using msp4 and msp1alpha provide information about the biogeography and evolution of A. marginale: msp1alpha genotypes evolve under positive selection pressure. Isolates of A. marginale are maintained by independent transmission events and a mechanism of infection exclusion in cattle and ticks allows for only the infection of one isolate per animal. Prospects for development of control strategies by use of pathogen and tick-derived antigens are discussed. The A. marginale/vector/host studies described herein could serve as a model for research on other tick-borne rickettsiae.
Heterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of saturated carboxylic acids on titanium dioxide powder. Decarboxylative route to alkanes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of saturated carboxylic acids on titanium dioxide powder. Decarboxylative route to alkanesBernhard Kraeutler and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 19, 5985–5992Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00487a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00487a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2213Altmetric-Citations432LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>G·TE</i> Correction for Processing Multigradient, Multiple-<i>TE</i> NMR Log Data (2003)

Abstract We have developed a data processing method that allows a valid integration, in the time domain, of echo trains acquired in different field gradients, G, and different interecho times, TE. The combined echo train can be used to obtain clay bound water (CBW), bulk volume irreducible (BVI), and total porosity information with improved vertical resolution. The same data, in the uncombined form, are used for fluid property estimation. Thus, the data are used more economically. As an added benefit, the combined echo train allows the use of a single T2cutoff, consistent with the laboratory core-NMR derived T2cutoff. Although using a zero-gradient, laboratory core-NMR derived T2cutoff to "calibrate" NMR logs acquired in a gradient field is a common practice, the discrepancy cannot be ignored for NMR logs acquired with a large G·TE product. With the new method, this discrepancy is minimized. Field examples are provided to show the benefit with the new method.
Characteristics of the stacked microstructured solid state neutron detector (2010)

Silicon diodes with large aspect ratio perforated microstructures backfilled with 6LiF show a dramatic increase in neutron
detection efficiency beyond that of conventional thin-film coated planar devices. Described in this work are
advancements in the technology with increased microstructure depths and detector stacking methods that work to
increase thermal-neutron detection efficiency. Models for ion energy deposition and intrinsic thermal-neutron detection
efficiency for the straight trench design are described and results presented. A dual stacked device was fabricated by
coupling two detectors back-to-back, along with counting electronics, into a single detector. Experimentally verified
results and modeled predictions are compared. The stacked device delivered 37% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection
efficiency, lower than the predicted value of 47%. It was determined that this lower observed efficiency is due to
detector misalignment in the stacked structure and ballistic deficit from slow charge collection from the deep trench
structures. The intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency depends strongly upon the geometry, size, and depth of the
perforated microstructures. This work is part of on-going research to develop solid-state semiconductor neutron detectors
with high detection efficiencies.
Location of variable and conserved epitopes among the multiple serotypes of streptococcal M protein. (1985)

In studies primarily confined to the amino-terminal region of the fibrillar group A streptococcal M protein, only limited immunological crossreactions have been observed among M serotypes. In this investigation, two monoclonal antibodies generated against nearly the entire M6 molecule (LysM6) were used to determine the extent of crossreactions among M serotyping strains and to localize their epitopes on the M molecule. Colony blot and immunoblot analyses revealed that an epitope responsible for crossreactions among 5 of the 56 strains of different M serotypes tested is located in the amino-terminal half of the molecule, distal to the cell surface. In contrast, a more common crossreactive epitope, reacting with 20 of the 56 strains, is located near the middle of the M molecule. These studies also reveal that the more conserved determinant, located more proximally to the cell surface, is accessible to the immune system, even on the whole organism, and, thus, may be useful in devising means to protect against infections by multiple group A streptococcal M serotypes.
Efficacy of HIV-1 and FIV subunit vaccines against FIV (132.3) (2009)

Abstract Defining the minimum essential vaccine components required for protective immunity to HIV and FIV remains a major challenge. A recent study reported that recombinant HIV-1 capsid p24 vaccines conferred cross-protection against FIV in cats. Current studies were performed to confirm this protection and identify other protective HIV/FIV proteins. Pathogen-free cats were immunized 3X with HIV p24 (CA), HIV p66 (reverse transcriptase RT), FIV p24, FIV p66, FIV p15 (matrix MA), or combination in adjuvant (plus LPS/IL-12), and were challenged 3 wk later with FIV. Infection was monitored by immunoblot for FIV antibodies, and by FIV RT and PCR tests of lymphoid cells. Cellular immunity was monitored by virus-specific IFN-γ ELISPOT and CFSE-based proliferation of T cells. Protection rates were 2/8 cats for HIV p24, 2/8 HIV p24+p66, 3/7 HIV p66, 1/8 FIV p24, 0/3 FIV p15, 2/7 FIV p24+p66, 5/7 FIV p66, 2/4 HIV p24+FIV p66, and 0/8 adjuvant or PBS. Vaccinated cats had strong IFN-γ and CD4/CD8-CFSE responses to HIV or FIV peptides, but developed no virus neutralizing antibodies. Combined protection rates for current and previous studies are 40/64 cats for HIV p24, 4/25 FIV p24, 5/7 FIV p66, 3/7 HIV p66, 0/3 FIV p15, 0/22 adjuvant, and 0/37 PBS. Thus, cross-protective immunity between HIV-1 and FIV is achievable, and selection of vaccine proteins and epitopes based on structural homology that risk viral fitness is an effective strategy.
Towards sensitive terahertz detection based on graphene quantum dot bolometer (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Light absorption in graphene causes a significant change in electron temperature due to the low electronic heat capacity and weak electron-phonon coupling. This property makes graphene a beautiful material for hot-electron bolometers (HEB). However, along with the above advantages, a major challenge remains that, with weak electron-phonon scattering, the resistance is only weakly temperature dependent for pristine graphene. It is thus challenging to measure the electron temperature change due to incoming radiation power. In addition, thermally isolating graphene in order to achieve the small electron-phonon thermal conductance is difficult. To overcome this issue, stronger temperature dependence has been obtained either by using dual-gated bilayer graphene to create a tunable bandgap or by introducing defects to induce strong localization. Both schemes have successfully produced bolometric detection, with responsivities up to 2×105 V W−1 and a temperature coefficient for the resistance as high as 22 kΩ K−1 at 1.5 K. Here we use graphene quantum dots, where a bandgap is induced via quantum confinement and the graphene quantum dots device exhibits an extraordinarily high variation of resistance with temperature (higher than 430 MΩ K−1), leading to responsivities of 1 × 1010 V W−1.
Using complete-1-distinguishability for FSM equivalence checking (1996)

This paper introduces the use of the Complete-1-Distinguishability (C-1-D) property for simplifying FSM verification. This property eliminates the need for a traversal of the product machine for the implementation and the specification. Instead, a much simpler check suffices. This check consists of first obtaining a 1-equivalence mapping between states of the two machines, and then checking that it is a bisimulation relation. The C-1-D property can be used directly on specifications for which it naturally holds -- a condition that has not been exploited thus far in FSM verification. We also show how this property can be enforced on arbitrary FSMs by exposing some of the latch outputs as pseudo-primary outputs during synthesis and verification. In this sense, our synthesis/verification methodology provides another point in the tradeoff curve between constraints-on-synthesis versus complexity-of-verification. Practical experiences with using this methodology have resulted in success with several examples for which it is not possible to complete verification using existing implicit state space traversal techniques.
Biotemplated Multilayer Structure for Nanoscale Energy Storage Units (2005)

The focus of the present study is to develop a multilayer structure of bioinorganic proteins for nanoscale energy storage units for future NASA missions. The concept of a bio- nanobattery as a nanoscale energy storage unit is based on ferritin, an iron storage protein that naturally exists in most biological systems. Biomineralization allows ferritins to reconstitute their iron core with various metallic cores. The redox potential of each half cell of a bio-nanobattery determines the final potential difference of a complete cell. A spin self- assembly (SA) method was used to fabricate multilayered film structures with high packing density. Ellipsometric analysis showed that the thickness of ferritin multilayers increased linearly as the spin SA deposition was repeated.
Multispectral optics (2022)

NRL is developing new materials that transmit across wide wavelength ranges and will present recent results. MILTRAN is a new optical ceramic that transmits visible through LWIR and is well suited as an internal lens element. NRL-series moldable glasses transmit SWIR through LWIR and may be bonded to each other in an adhesive-free thermal process. NRL-200-series glasses transmit visible through MWIR and expand the glass map for multispectral lens designs. These new materials enable greater flexibility for designers of lenses for advanced defense applications and potentially reduce the size, weight and cost of next-generation optics.