gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relations between Child Poverty and New Migrant Child Status, Academic Attainment and Social Participation: Insights Using Social Capital Theory (2016)

Currently, around one in five children in the United Kingdom and the United States live in poverty. This has a devastating effect on their wellbeing, education and broader socio-political participation, and life chances. In this paper, Scottish policy documentary data are used to discuss the effects of relations amongst categories of children in poverty, migrant child status, and academic under-attainment. The study draws on social capital and intersectionalities theory to explore some of the power and knowledge relations that are effects of policy statements. The paper concludes by suggesting that addressing the issues of poverty and educational under-attainment, including for migrant children, requires a policy strategy beyond education. Disconnections across social, cultural, and economic child policy need to be redesigned in order to change the very real socio-economic-cultural-political relations which policy produces; these relations can lead to either high levels of social participation and potential academic attainment of new arrival children or to their social exclusion. Accordingly, knowledge practices aiming to improve the socio-economic-cultural-political inclusion of migrant children make central the conditions and experiences constitutive of new migrants’ lived social lives.
Molecular cloning of DNA encoding a calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase enriched in striatum. (1992)

A murine cDNA for the 63-kDa calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE), PDE1B-1, was isolated by using polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers followed by the cloning of a full-length cDNA from a whole-brain phage library. The nucleotide sequence of 2986 base pairs contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 535 amino acids (M(r) = 61,231) with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.54. The deduced protein sequence shows approximately 60% identity with that of the 61-kDa isoform (PDE1A2), consistent with the proposal that these proteins arise from two separate genes [Novack, J. P., Charbonneau, H., Bentley, J. K., Walsh, K. A. & Beavo, J. A. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 7940-7947]. Southern blot analysis suggests high nucleotide-sequence conservation of the PDE1B1 gene among mammalian and avian species. A single approximately 3600-nucleotide mRNA transcript was seen in all brain regions, with striatum containing 4- to 30-fold higher levels than other areas. In nonneural tissues, low amounts of PDE1B1 mRNA were detected in lung, spleen, thymus, and testis; hybridization to several larger mRNA species was also seen in thymus and testis. By using nucleic acid probes for PDE1B1, the mechanisms that control its highly selective gene expression can now be studied at the molecular level.
High-performance Si/SiGe n-type modulation-doped transistors (1993)

Enhancement-mode Si/SiGe n-type modulation-doped transistors with a 0.5- mu m-length T-gate have been fabricated. Peak transconductances of 390 mS/mm at room temperature and 520 mS/mm at 77 K have been achieved. These high values are attributable to a combination of the high quality of the material used, having a room temperature mobility of 2600 cm/sup 2//V-s at an electron sheet concentration of 1.5*10/sup 12/ cm/sup 2/, and an optimized layer design that minimizes the parasitic series resistance and the gate-to-channel distance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunotherapy with Tinospora cordifolia: a new lead in the management of obstructive jaundice. (1993)

Tinospora cordifolia appears to improve surgical outcome by strengthening host defenses.
Lyra da Lapa: Acorde imperfeito menor (2012)

Sem resumo
The Effect of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation on Metabolites of These Carotenoids in the Serum of Persons Aged 60 or Older (2006)

The increase in the serum levels of lutein/zeaxanthin correlates with increases in the serum levels of their metabolites that have previously been identified in the ocular tissues. Elderly human subjects with and without AMD can safely take supplements of lutein up to 10 mg/d for 6 months with no apparent toxicity or side effects.
MOS transistor model and the fast timing simulator (1999)

A new table-based region-wise-linear MOS transistor model and analytical solution of generic sub-circuit primitive is presented. The MOS model includes the body effect and this subcircuit primitive can also handle floating capacitors. Compared with HSPICE, the results of the system are very accurate with an error of < 3%, and there is a speedup of 1–2 orders of magnitude.
Engineering Solutions for Representative Models of the Gastrointestinal Human-Microbe Interface (2017)

Host-microbe interactions at the gastrointestinal interface have emerged as a key component in the governance of human health and disease. Advances in micro-physiological systems are providing researchers with unprecedented access and insights into this complex relationship. These systems combine the benefits of microengineering, microfluidics, and cell culture in a bid to recreate the environmental conditions prevalent in the human gut. Here we present the human-microbial cross talk (HuMiX) platform, one such system that leverages this multidisciplinary approach to provide a representative in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal interface. HuMiX presents a novel and robust means to study the molecular interactions at the host-microbe interface. We summarize our proof-of-concept results obtained using the platform and highlight its potential to greatly enhance our understanding of host-microbe interactions with a potential to greatly impact the pharmaceutical, food, nutrition, and healthcare industries in the future. A number of key questions and challenges facing these technologies are also discussed. (C) 2017 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
A Renewable-Reagent Fiber-Optic Sensor for Measurement of High Acidities (1996)

A renewable-reagent fiber-optic HNO(3) sensor was developed for HNO(3) measurement in the 0.1-10.0 M range. The HNO(3) sensor employs a tubular Nafion cation-exchange membrane to extract acid species from an external HNO(3) sample into an internal flowing reagent solution. In high-concentration HNO(3) samples, incomplete HNO(3) dissociation results in a significant concentration of neutral HNO(3) species in addition to protons. As both neutrals and protons are potentially membrane-permeable species, various reagent compositions were tested to examine the contributions of both acid transfer mechanisms. Continuous reagent flow limited internal acid accumulation and transferred reagent to the sensor optical detection cell. All reagent compositions included cresol red as a colorimetric indicator, which was measured within the sensor detection cell. Careful fiber-optic alignment provided sufficient light throughput in a backscatter illumination mode to allow use of a photodiode array detector for visible spectral acquisition. The use of Ca(2+) as a reagent countercation produced notable reductions in HNO(3) sensor response to interferent cations and temperature changes. Sensor measurement of HNO(3) samples in the tested concentration range produced average relative standard deviations of less than 0.4%. Control over reagent flow rate should allow for extension of the HNO(3) sensor measurement range to 16.0 M HNO(3).
Catalytic Enantioselective Alkylation of Sulfenate Anions to Chiral Heterocyclic Sulfoxides Using Halogenated Pentanidium Salts (2014)

Abstract We report halogenated pentanidiums as phase‐transfer catalysts for the asymmetric alkylation of sulfenate anions to various sulfoxides with high enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee ) and yields (up to 99 %). This approach gives access to enantioenriched heterocyclic sulfoxides that might not be compatible with strong oxidants or organometallic reagents. Computational studies have revealed that the multiple noncovalent interactions such as halogen bonds and nonclassical hydrogen bonds are involved.
Discovery of 3-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, a Non-nitrogen Containing Morpholine Isostere, and Its Application in Novel Inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway (2019)

4-(Pyrimidin-4-yl)morpholines are privileged pharmacophores for PI3K and PIKKs inhibition by virtue of the morpholine oxygen, both forming the key hydrogen bonding interaction and conveying selectivity over the broader kinome. Key to the morpholine utility as a kinase hinge binder is its ability to adopt a coplanar conformation with an adjacent aromatic core favored by the morpholine nitrogen nonbonding pair of electrons interacting with the electron deficient pyrimidine π-system. Few selective morpholine replacements have been identified to date. Herein we describe the discovery of a potent non-nitrogen containing morpholine isostere with the ability to mimic this conformation and its application in a potent selective dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 (<b>29b</b>).
Electrostatic Ligand Coatings of Nanoparticles Enable Ligand-Specific Gene Delivery to Human Primary Cells (2007)

A general method of coating polymer/DNA nanoparticles was developed. Peptide coated nanoparticles were found to have favorable biophysical characteristics including small particle size, near-neutral zeta potential, and stability in serum. At appropriate formulation conditions including near-neutral charge ratio, the coated nanoparticles enabled effective ligand-specific gene delivery to human primary endothelial cells in serum-containing media. As this nanoparticulate drug delivery system has high efficacy, ligand-based specificity, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity, it may be potentially useful in several clinical applications.
Immunological Interactions between 2 Common Pathogens, Th1-Inducing Protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the Th2-Inducing Helminth Fasciola hepatica (2009)

Despite previous studies showing that F. hepatica suppressed the classical activation of macrophages and the Th1-driven responses of mice to bystander microbial infection, as well as reduced their ability to reject these, here we found that the potent immune responses to T. gondii were capable of suppressing the responses to helminth infection. Clearly, the outcome of particular infections in polyparasitoses depends on the means and potency by which each pathogen controls the immune response.
T cell epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax. Recognition by lymphocytes of a sporozoite-immunized chimpanzee (1991)

The humoral and cellular antisporozoite immune responses of a laboratory-born chimpanzee were measured following multiple exposures to the bites of Plasmodium vivax-infected mosquitoes. T cell lines and clones derived from the chimpanzee's PBL were used to identify T cell epitopes of the P. vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Two independently obtained cell lines, established by culturing the PBL with either a recombinant P. vivax circumsporozoite (rPvCS) protein or a pool of synthetic peptides spanning the rPvCS sequence, recognized a 20-mer peptide from a nonpolymorphic region of the carboxyl terminus of the CS protein. This peptide overlaps a sequence homologous to region II of the Plasmodium falciparum CS protein. A third T cell line recognized an epitope within the central repeat domain, which has recently been found to be a polymorphic region of the P. vivax CS protein. The CD4+ clones derived from this third T cell line secreted IFN-gamma and IL-2 when stimulated with either the P. vivax repeat peptide (DRAAGQPAG)2 or the rPvCS protein.
Analyzing Functional Connectivity Using a Network Likelihood Model of Ensemble Neural Spiking Activity (2005)

Analyzing the dependencies between spike trains is an important step in understanding how neurons work in concert to represent biological signals. Usually this is done for pairs of neurons at a time using correlation-based techniques. Chornoboy, Schramm, and Karr (1988) proposed maximum likelihood methods for the simultaneous analysis of multiple pair-wise interactions among an ensemble of neurons. One of these methods is an iterative, continuous-time estimation algorithm for a network likelihood model formulated in terms of multiplicative conditional intensity functions. We devised a discrete-time version of this algorithm that includes a new, efficient computational strategy, a principled method to compute starting values, and a principled stopping criterion. In an analysis of simulated neural spike trains from ensembles of interacting neurons, the algorithm recovered the correct connectivity matrices and interaction parameters. In the analysis of spike trains from an ensemble of rat hippocampal place cells, the algorithm identified a connectivity matrix and interaction parameters consistent with the pattern of conjoined firing predicted by the overlap of the neurons' spatial receptive fields. These results suggest that the network likelihood model can be an efficient tool for the analysis of ensemble spiking activity.
Compaction-induced porosity/permeability reduction in sandstone reservoirs:<i>Data and model for elasticity-dominated deformation</i> (2001)

Abstract Open-literature and new experimental compaction data of five reservoir and 16 outcrop sandstones are used to delineate the near-elastic, inelastic and failure domain in 3D-stress space for porosity classes 5 to 15%, 15 to 25% and 25 to 35%. Applications of this compaction-domain model include the analysis of the extent of the near-elastic domain (where elasticity theory can be used to describe and predict rock deformation), the pore volume compressibility (Cpp), and the permeability reduction as a function of reservoir stress path. This is illustrated for a well-consolidated sandstone reservoir with an average porosity of about 18%. Two aspects of dynamic reservoir modeling in the near-elastic domain are addressed: Calculation of Cpp from raw data of volumetric compaction as a function of isotropic total stress change, and the correction of Cpp for a non-hydrostatic reservoir stress path. Open-literature work combined with our experimental data indicates that the compaction-induced permeability reduction of 15-25% porosity sandstone in the near-elastic domain depends predominantly on the increase of the effective mean stress, and not on the reservoir stress path.
High performance HBTs with built-in base fields: exponentially-graded doping vs. graded composition (2002)

A comparison of exponentially graded doping and graded composition as a means of producing built-in drift fields in the base of npn GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is discussed. The reduction in base transit time ( tau /sub B/) associated with the built-in fields is substantial. Compared to uniformly doped devices with the same base width, tau /sub B/ is reduced by approximately 70% for both the graded doping and graded composition profiles. The field associated with exponentially graded base doping is derived, accounting both for bandgap narrowing effects and for degeneracy. It is found that the built-in field due to doping gradients is substantially larger than that expected when computed using only nondegenerate Boltzmann statistics. The increase in device performance when exponentially graded doping is used is demonstrated using a distributed HBT amplifier with 24-GHz bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Emitter Patterning for Back-Contacted Si Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Laser Written Mask Layers for Etching and Self-Aligned Passivation (LEAP) (2016)

A novel emitter patterning method for back-contacted Si heterojunction solar cells is presented, which combines laser processing and wet etching of a mask layer stack with self-aligned repassivation, thus reducing the process complexity, as compared with the commonly used emitter patterning methods. Lifetime samples demonstrate that with a suitable mask stack, laser scribing can be performed without inducing laser damage to the passivation. Despite nonoptimal wet etch and repassivation processes which currently limit the obtained lifetime, proof-of-concept cells on p-type wafers fabricated using this novel emitter patterning process and lithographically patterned metallization exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 694 mV and pseudo-fill-factors of 83%. With the laser written mask layers for etching and self-aligned passivation process, we have thus developed the proof-of-concept for a simple, lithography free, and contactless emitter patterning method for industrial applications.
Back Cover: Formation of epitaxial domains: Unified theory and survey of experimental results (Phys. Status Solidi B 4/2011) (2011)

Epilayers Take Turns (M. Grundmann, pp. 805–824). You can park your car into a spot two ways: forward and backward. In the language of crystallography this corresponds to two rotation domains. How many equivalent ways can you fit a square on a hexagon? In crystal growth this problem arises for cubic ferroelectric barium titanate deposited on hexagonal zinc oxide, a prototype system for novel transparent, non-volatile memory cells. The answer is three. The inverse problem, hexagon on a square, yields a different number of only two possibilities. Considering the 10 two-dimensional point groups, all heteroepitaxial material combinations fall into one of 125 categories, depending on the symmetries and relative angular arrangement of substrate and epilayer. The number of epitaxial (rotation and mirror) domains has been derived now for all cases using group theory, helping in the design of novel heterostructures. Many examples from literature involving metals, semiconductors and dielectrics are categorized. Occasionally Nature allows additional domains – kind of allowing parallel parking as well.
Study of the osteoconductive properties of bioactive glass fibers (1989)

Bioactive glass fibers have been prepared and implanted in cortical defect and in muscle. The fibers can act as a substrate for bone apposition, when implanted in a cortical defect, and become incorporated in the new bone matrix. The same results were obtained when fibers were implanted in a muscle pouch together with bone marrow cells. An intense inflammatory reaction was observed when bioactive glass fibers were implanted in muscle; the reaction was milder when fibers were implanted in bone or in muscle together with bone marrow cells. This fact supports the hypothesis that osteogenic cells adhere in an early phase to the substrate and prevent recognition of the foreign material by inflammatory cells. This appears to be a fundamental condition for direct bone matrix apposition on the surface of fibers.
ROPAD: A Fully Digital Highly Predictive Ring Oscillator Probing Attempt Detector (2020)

Microprobing is an invasive attack technique to intercept data from on-chip signals. As a countermeasure, we propose a new probing detector for an industrial sub-40 nm advanced process node. It is based on ring oscillators incorporating bus lines. The oscillation frequency caused by the capacity of bus lines is differentially measured to detect attached probes. This concept reduces calibration effort and required protected nonvolatile memory in comparison to state of the art. Furthermore, the protected bus line capacitance is increased up to four times. This work is the first analyzing the detector behavior considering cross coupling between the protected bus lines.
Stoichiometry of system I and system II reaction centers and of plastoquinone in different photosynthetic membranes (1980)

The concentrations of photochemical centers and of plastoquinone were measured in several kinds of photosynthetic membranes by optical difference spectroscopy. Photosystem I reaction centers were measured from the light-induced absorbance change at 700 nm (oxidation of the primary electron donor, P700). Photosystem II reaction centers were estimated from the light-induced absorbance change at 325 nm (reduction of the primary electron acceptor, Q). Spinach chloroplasts and membrane fractions obtained by French press treatment, mature and developing pea chloroplasts, and blue-green algal membranes were investigated. No loss of primary photochemical activity occurred during fractionation of the chloroplasts. The results indicated a large variability in the ratio of system II to system I reaction centers (from 0.43 to 3.3) in different photosynthetic membranes. Oxygen-evolving plants may change the ratio of their photosystems in response to environmental light conditions. The amount of photoreducible plastoquinone was also measured at 263 nm. In spinach chloroplasts, seven to eight plastoquinone molecules were found per reaction center of system II. Most of the plastoquinone pool was associated with the grana. However, the ratio of chemically determined plastoquinone to chlorophyll was similar in the grana and stroma thylakoids.
Dynamic Measurements of Aqueous Lanthanide Triflate-Catalyzed Reactions Using Luminescence Decay (2009)

There is tremendous interest in water-compatible lanthanide triflate-based catalysts for carbon-carbon bond forming reactions; however, poor understanding of their aqueous mechanism severely limits the ability to increase the utility of these catalysts. Here, we report dynamic measurements of the water-coordination number of lanthanide triflate-based catalysts using luminescence-decay measurements in a range of aqueous systems. This unique characterization method is a reliable, convenient, and fast approach to analyze lanthanide-based catalysts in aqueous systems.
"chem friendly": the institutional basis of "club-drug" use in a sample of urban gay men (2003)

In recent years, club-drug use among a segment of urban gay men has gained in popularity, contributing to a range of effects, including heightened sexual stimulation, increased sexual performance and endurance, but also, unsafe sexual practices, drug overdose, drug addiction and death. This article draws from a larger study of urban sexual careers and identifies two prominent forms of club-drug use: the first, to facilitate sexual performance; and the second, to facilitate community. The author argues that the basis of both patterns of drug use lie in adaptations to the institutional organization of urban gay sexual sociality.
A Survey on Blockchain-based Identity Management and Decentralized Privacy for Personal Data (2020)

In the digital revolution, even secure communication between individuals, services and devices through centralized digital entities presents considerable risks. Having service providers continue to offer their centric solutions is inefficient in terms of duplication, has serious security lacunae and is cumbersome to the users. The self-sovereign Identity concept, which includes the individual’s consolidated digital identity and verified attributes, enables the users of data to exert their ownership and gain insights from their data’s usage. The authentication and verification of digital identity is essential to achieve the privacy and security of distributed digital identities. In this paper, we provide a coherent view of the central concepts of self-sovereign Identity, including the components of identity proofing and authentication solutions for different self-sovereign Identity solutions. We discussed an overview of Identity management approaches, introducing an architecture overview as well as the relevant actors in such a system and blockchain technology as solution for distributed user-centric identity. Finally, we discuss the existing solutions and point out the research gaps and elaborate challenges and trade-offs towards building a complete identity management system.