gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuel intermediates, agricultural nutrients and pure water from Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed (2013)

The present work reports a standalone integrated scheme for the production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) from granular biomass rich in the sulphated polysaccharide, κ-carrageenan. Fresh Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed was crushed to expel the juice rich in KCl (0.7 m3 t−1 of fresh seaweed) and granular biomass (0.04 t dry weight per t of fresh seaweed). The latter yielded κ-carrageenan through seawater extraction. HMF was derived from this phycocolloid through reaction with Mg(HSO4)2 acid catalyst and isolated in pure form. Galactose was a co-product which remained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase was recycled up to 10 times by maintaining a constant acid strength, and utilized thereafter for the recovery of K2SO4. Selective crystallization of K2SO4 was guided by the phase diagram and use was made of a part of the seaweed juice in this process. The spent aqueous phase rich in galactose was subjected to further reaction with HCl obtainable through bipolar electro-dialysis (ED) of seaweed juice. The reaction yielded levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA) in nearly equal proportions. The processing of 1 t of granular biomass was computed to require 30.15 GJ of energy and would yield 0.18 t HMF, 0.056 t LA, 0.020 t FA, 0.27 t K2SO4, and 5.77 m3 pure water. The process energy requirement for the scheme can be met from additional supplies of granule (3.35 t). Combustion/gasification of this biomass would yield additionally 0.74 t glaserite fertilizer and the required amount of H2SO4 for Mg(HSO4)2 preparation.
Alpha-prototype system for zone-plate-array lithography (2004)

In this article, we present lithography results from a continuous-scan zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL) system using the grating light valve (GLV) as the multiplexing element. ZPAL is an optical-maskless-lithography technique, in which an array of diffractive lenses (e.g., zone plates) focuses incident light into an array of spots on a photoresist-coated substrate. The intensity of the light incident on each lens is controlled by the GLV. By scanning the wafer and appropriately modulating the incident light, patterns are written in a “dot-matrix” fashion. We have incorporated the elements of ZPAL into an alpha-prototype system. We describe this system and characterize its lithographic performance.
Collision avoidance among multiple autonomous mobile robots using LOCISS (locally communicable infrared sensory system) (2002)

Collision avoidance is an essential problem for applications of multiple mobile robots. The authors have proposed new sensor system called LOCISS (Locally Communicable Infrared Sensory System) to detect robots and obstacles using infrared local communication. Robots mounting LOCISS can exchange useful information for collision avoidance such as speed and moving direction. In this paper, a set of rules for collision avoidance among multiple autonomous mobile robots using LOCISS is proposed. Each robot mutually carries out collision avoidance using the proposed rule. The validity of this set of rules is shown through a series of experiments using mobile robots.
Calibration and measurement of six-port reflectometer using a matrix approach. Part I, Theory (1986)

ABSTRACT: Analysis of an arbitrary microwave network -- Ideal power detector -- Ideal matched network -- Reflection measurements using a six-port -- Calibration technique for the six-port -- Measurement of the reflection coefficient.
Abstract 2315: Reversible disruption of mSWI/SNF-like BAF complexes by the SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion in synovial sarcoma. (2013)

Abstract Recent exon sequencing studies have revealed frequent mutations in subunits of SWI/SNF or BAF complexes and implicated them as tumor suppressors. Indeed, we estimate that they are mutated in 15.8 percent of sequenced human cancers. Interestingly, the subunits most commonly mutated are not required for chromatin remodeling in vitro and thus may contribute to chromatin regulation in a novel way. One difficultly in understanding the role of these complexes in cancer is distinguishing primary driving mutations from passenger mutations. To investigate the underlying mechanism we studied human synovial sarcoma (SS), in which transformation results from a remarkably precise and uniform translocation of exactly 78 amino acids of SSX to the SS18 protein. In a proteomic study we discovered that SS18 is a dedicated, non-exchangeable subunit of BAF complexes. We demonstrate that the hallmark SS18-SSX fusion incorporates into BAF complexes, evicting both the wild-type SS18 protein and the tumor suppressor, hSNF5 (BAF47). The altered complex binds the Sox2 locus, reversing polycomb-mediated repression and results in Sox2 activation. Sox2 is uniformly expressed in SS tumors and is essential for their proliferation. Increasing the concentration of wild-type SS18 leads to reassembly of the wild-type complex, retargeting of BAF complexes away from the Sox2 locus, polycomb-mediated repression of Sox2 and cessation of proliferation. This mechanism of transformation depends on only two amino acids of SSX and hence provides a potential foundation for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Cigall Kadoch, Gerald R. Crabtree. Reversible disruption of mSWI/SNF-like BAF complexes by the SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion in synovial sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2315. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2315
Surface-emitting red, green, and blue colloidal quantum dot distributed feedback lasers (2014)

We demonstrate surface emitting distributed feedback (DFB) lasers across the red, green, and blue from densely packed colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films. The solid CQD films were deposited on periodic grating patterns to enable 2nd-order DFB lasing action at mere 120, 280, and 330 μJ/cm2 of optical pumping energy densities for red, green, and blue DFB lasers, respectively. The lasers operated in single mode operation with less than 1 nm of full-width-half-maximum. We measured far-field patterns showing high degree of spatial beam coherence. Specifically, by taking advantage of single exciton optical gain regime from our engineered CQDs, we can significantly suppress the Auger recombination to reduce lasing threshold and achieve quasi-steady state, optically pumped operation.
Adaptive Motion Vector Resolution for Affine-Inter Mode Coding (2019)

Affine Motion Model (AMM) based inter prediction, which can represent complex motions such as zooming, rotation or shearing, has been adopted into the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. AMM is defined by Control Point Motion Vectors (CPMVs) in VVC. On the other hand, Adaptive Motion Vector Resolution (AMVR) has also been adopted into VVC standard due to a favorable trade-off between the Motion Vector (MV) precision and the bit consumption on MV Differences (MVDs). However, AMVR is only applied to the Translational Motion Model (TMM), and AMM cannot benefit from it. In this paper, it is proposed to extend AMVR to AMM. Specifically, 1-pixel, 1/4-pixel and 1/16-pixel MV precisions are allowed and can be selected adaptively by each affine-inter mode coded Coding Unit (CU). Simulation results reportedly show that the proposed method can achieve 0.32% BD-rate saving on average under the Random Access configuration.
EDFA Wavelength Dependent Gain Spectrum Measurement Using Weak Optical Probe Sampling (2017)

Wavelength dependent gain is a critical parameter in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and is the primary determinant of the channel power divergence and excursions in optical transmission systems, each of which varies with channel loading in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. In an optical transmission system, measurements of the wavelength dependent gain between two locations can be used to obtain estimates of optical power excursions that occur in optical circuit switching. Non-intrusive sampling of just 10% of the WDM channel positions using weak probe signals achieves less than 0.15 dB error for the gain spectrum estimation of the amplifier with 5 dB tilt. In a two-span node-to-node network with a 3 dB peak-to-peak channel power difference, the weak probe approach further shows to provide less than 0.2 dB error in optical channel power excursion prediction for changes in channel loading.
Thermosensitive and hydrolysis‐sensitive poly(organophosphazenes) (2002)

Abstract The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) properties and hydrolytic behaviour of thermosensitive biodegradable polyphosphazenes with monomethoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol), glycine ethyl ester and depsipeptide ethyl esters substituents have been studied. All the polymers synthesized show LCST properties. The LCSTs of the polymers are affected by the composition of the polymers and increase with the degradation of the polymers in aqueous solution. The higher content of depsipeptide ethyl esters in the polymers accelerates the LCST change and the degradation of the polymers in aqueous solution. Most polymers synthesized have half‐lives of less than 10 days in neutral solution. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Open-Loop Control of Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames (2001)

Active open loop control of a swirl-stabilized diffusion flame was experimentally studied for three different swirl-stabilized combustor configurations, each with a different Swirl number range. Control was achieved by forcing the airstream and/or the fuel stream. The effect of the forcing amplitude and the phase difference between the forcing signals were studied for selected configurations. The burners in the first and second configurations tested both represent a coaxial flow configuration with a conventional air-blast atomizing nozzle. The maximum Swirl numbers that could be achieved with these combustors were 0.3 and 1 respectively. The third nozzle is a conical high-swirl preburner with swirl-air injected tangentially along the length of the preburner. Swirl numbers as high as 3 could be achieved with this burner. Forcing the air stream alone led to increases in the radial entrainment of air and higher temperatures associated with improved mixing. This was noted to be true even at the highest Swirl number (=3) studied. This implies that the basic mechanism of enhanced mixing through increased entrainment into the near field vortical structures also applies to swirling flows.
Pressure sensors for petroleum wells (1990)

A patent is claimed for a pressure sensor to be used in petroleum wells. Measurements can be performed under extreme temperature and pressure conditions. The system consists of a cell, containing an extensometric circuit, placed in a container and in contact with the pressure to be measured. The cell is formed by two sapphire half-shells. Their crystallographic orientation is chosen in order to obtain isotropy of stresses. The sensor is nearly independent from temperature fluctuations.
Tailoring cardiac resynchronization therapy using interventricular asynchrony. Validation of a simple model (2005)

This study explores the use of interventricular asynchrony (interVA) for optimizing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), an idea emerging from a simple pathway model of conduction in the ventricles. Measurements were performed in six dogs with chronic left bundle branch block (LBBB) and in 29 patients of the Pacing Therapies for Congestive Heart Failure (PATH-CHF)-I study. In the dogs, intraventricular asynchrony (intraVA) was determined using left ventricular (LV) endocardial activation maps. In dogs and patients, the maximum rate of rise of LV pressure (LV dP/dt(max)) and the pulse pressure (PP) and interVA [time delay between upslope of LV and right ventricular (RV) pressure curves] were measured during LV, RV, and biventricular (BiV) pacing with various atrioventricular (AV) delays. Measurements in the canine hearts supported the pathway model in that optimal resynchronization occurred at approximately 50% reduction of intraVA and at an interVA value halfway that during LBBB and LV pacing. In patients with significant hemodynamic response during pacing (n = 22), intrinsic interVA and interVA at peak improvement (interVA(p)) varied widely between patients (from -83 to -15 ms and from -42 to +31 ms, respectively). However, the model predicted individual interVA(p) accurately (SD of +/-6 ms and +/-12 ms for LV dP/dt(max) and PP, respectively). At equal interVA, LV and BiV pacing produced equal hemodynamic response, but in 11 of 22 responders, BiV pacing reduced interVA insufficiently to reach the maximum hemodynamic response. LV pacing at short AV delay proved to result in better hemodynamics than predicted by the model, indicating that additional factors determine hemodynamics during LV preexcitation. Guided by a simple pathway model, interVA measurements accurately predict optimal hemodynamic performance in individual CRT patients.
Delineation of <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer (2008)

Qualitative and quantitative features of specific ERG splice variants defined here promise to enhance the utility of ERG as a biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
Determinants of specificity in TGF-β signal transduction (1998)

Signal transduction by the TGF-beta family involves sets of receptor serine/threonine kinases, Smad proteins that act as receptor substrates, and Smad-associated transcription factors that target specific genes. We have identified discrete structural elements that dictate the selective interactions between receptors and Smads and between Smads and transcription factors in the TGF-beta and BMP pathways. A cluster of four residues in the L45 loop of the type I receptor kinase domain, and a matching set of two residues in the L3 loop of the Smad carboxy-terminal domain establish the specificity of receptor-Smad interactions. A cluster of residues in the highly exposed alpha-helix 2 of the Smad carboxy-terminal domain specify the interaction with the DNA-binding factor Fast1 and, as a result, the gene responses mediated by the pathway. By establishing specific interactions, these determinants keep the TGF-beta and BMP pathways segregated from each other.
Key role of poly-γ-dl-glutamic acid in immune evasion and virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (2005)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci, with the leading species Staphylococcus epidermidis, are the predominant cause of hospital-acquired infections. Treatment is especially difficult owing to biofilm formation and frequent antibiotic resistance. However, virulence mechanisms of these important opportunistic pathogens have remained poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that S. epidermidis secretes poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid (PGA) to facilitate growth and survival in the human host. Importantly, PGA efficiently sheltered S. epidermidis from key components of innate host defense, namely antimicrobial peptides and neutrophil phagocytosis, and was indispensable for persistence during device-related infection. Furthermore, PGA protected S. epidermidis from high salt concentration, a key feature of its natural environment, the human skin. Notably, PGA was synthesized by all tested strains of S. epidermidis and a series of closely related coagulase-negative staphylococci, most of which are opportunistic pathogens. Our study presents important novel biological functions for PGA and indicates that PGA represents an excellent target for therapeutic maneuvers aimed at treating disease caused by S. epidermidis and related staphylococci.
Dual phase grating interferometer for tunable dark-field sensitivity (2017)

Hard X-ray dark-field and phase contrast imaging using grating interferometry have shown great potential for medical and industrial applications. However, the wide spread applicability of the method is challenged by a number of technical related issues such as relatively low dose and flux efficiency due to the absorption grating, fabrication of high quality absorption gratings, slow data acquisition protocol and high mechanical stability requirements. In this paper, the authors propose an interferometric method for dark-field and differential phase contrast imaging based on phase shifting elements only with the purpose to improve the dose and flux efficiency and simplify the setup. The proposed interferometer consists of two identical phase gratings of small pitch (1.3 μm), which generate an interference fringe at the detector plane with a large enough pitch that can be resolved directly. In particular, the system exhibits flexible and tunable dark-field sensitivity which is advantageous to probe unresolvable micro-structure in the sample. Experiments on a micro focal tube validated the method and demonstrated the versatility and tunability of the system compared to conventional Talbot grating interferometer.
On multivariable matrix spectral factorization method (2021)

Spectral factorization is a prominent tool with several important applications in various areas of applied science. Wiener and Masani proved the existence of matrix spectral factorization. Their theorem has been extended to the multivariable case by Helson and Lowdenslager. Solving the problem numerically is challenging in both situations, and also important due to its practical applications. Therefore, several authors have developed algorithms for factorization. The Janashia-Lagvilava algorithm is a relatively new method for matrix spectral factorization which has proved to be useful in several applications. In this paper, we extend this method to the multivariable case. Consequently, a new numerical algorithm for multivariable matrix spectral factorization is constructed.
Transparent oxyhalide glass and glass ceramics for gamma-ray detection (2011)

Nuclear radiation detection is continuously becoming more important for today's society. Conventional scintillator based gamma-ray detectors use single crystal materials such as NaI:Tl, LaBr<sub>3</sub>:Ce, which provide excellent radiation detection properties, but suffer from their environment-related fluctuation, high cost and size limitation. The incorporation of nanophosphors or quantum dots (QD) into a transparent host matrix has been studied recently as a cost-saving alternative that may solve the scalability and stability problems while still providing considerable optical performance. In this work, a new glass based detecting material with promising gamma-ray detection performance is reported. Transparent alumino-silicate glasses containing cerium-doped gadolinium halide nanocrystals were prepared by a melt-quench method followed by annealing to form nanocrystal precipitates. Samples were cast and polished for optical and radiation characterization. The preliminary results indicated a similar gamma-ray detection efficiency compared to a conventional NaI:Tl detector and a gamma-ray peak resolution of ~27% at 662 KeV from some of these samples. By controlling elemental composition and ratio of the in-situ precipitated nanoparticles, radiation detection performance is expected to be improved.
Phase 1 study of the PI3Kδ inhibitor INCB040093 ± JAK1 inhibitor itacitinib in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma (2018)

Because both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways contribute to tumor cell proliferation and survival in B-cell malignancies, their simultaneous inhibition may provide synergistic treatment efficacy. This phase 1 dose-escalation/expansion study assessed the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of INCB040093, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with itacitinib (formerly INCB039110), a selective JAK1 inhibitor, in adult patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphomas. Final results are reported. Overall, 114 patients were treated (monotherapy, n = 49; combination therapy, n = 72 [7 patients crossed over from monotherapy to combination]). INCB040093 100 mg twice daily (monotherapy) and INCB040093 100 mg twice daily + itacitinib 300 mg once daily (combination) were the recommended phase 2 doses. One dose-limiting toxicity (gastrointestinal bleed secondary to gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL] regression) occurred with monotherapy. The most common serious adverse events with monotherapy were pneumonia (n = 5) and pyrexia (n = 4), and with combination <i>Pneumocystis jiroveci</i> pneumonia (n = 5), pneumonia (unrelated to <i>P jiroveci</i>; n = 5), and pyrexia (n = 4). Grade 3 or higher transaminase elevations were less common with combination. INCB040093 was active across the B-cell lymphomas; 63% of patients (5/8) with follicular lymphoma responded to monotherapy. Adding itacitinib provided promising activity in select subtypes, with responses of 67% (14/21) in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (vs 29% [5/17] with monotherapy) and 31% (4/13) in nongerminal center B-cell-like DLBCL. INCB040093 with/without itacitinib was tolerated and active in this study, and is a promising treatment strategy for patients with select R/R B-cell lymphomas. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01905813.
A Continuous Leaf Monitoring System for Precision Irrigation Management in Orchard Crops (2014)

Studies have shown that measurement of plant water status (PWS) provides the keyinformation necessary to implement efficient irrigation management scheme in orchard andvineyard crops. A pressure chamber is often used to measure PWS. However, this technique islabor intensive, tedious and time-consuming. To address these issues, we developed a sensor suiteconsisting of a thermal infrared (IR) sensor and relevant environmental parameters (ambienttemperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), wind speed and relative humidity) andtested it extensively in almond, walnut, and grape crops. The system was found to work well in allthree crops. However, this sensor suite was quite bulky and we noticed temporal drifts in thecalibration curve as the season progressed. To address these issues, we developed a continuousleaf monitoring system that included same sensors as the sensor suite. We have deployed 22 suchleaf monitors in almond and walnut orchards in Nickels Soil Laboratory, Arbuckle, CA, USA andinterfaced them to a wireless mesh network so that data could be uploaded to the internet througha gateway computer and accessed through the web. The system also included a controller capableof actuating latching solenoid valves to manage precision irrigation in the orchard. Field datacollected from these experiments were used to calculate daily crop water stress index (CWSI). Theresults showed that this system has the potential to be used as irrigation management tool as itwas able to provide daily CWSI values which followed similar pattern as the actual PWS values.
Transfer of Sucrose-Fermenting Ability and Nisin Production Phenotype among Lactic Streptococci (1985)

Transfer of sucrose fermentation ability, nisin production, and nisin resistance from Streptococcus lactis to S. lactis and Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis occurred between cells immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of DNase. Transconjugants were able to act as donors to transfer the Suc-Nis phenotype in subsequent mating. No changes in sensitivity to lytic phage c2 were noted in S. lactis transconjugants. However, temperature-independent restriction of lytic phage 18-16 was noted in transconjugants of S. lactis subsp. diacetylactis 18-16. Adsorption studies with phage-resistant transconjugants showed that resistance was not due to lack of adsorption by the lytic phage. Physical evidence for the presence of introduced plasmid DNA was not found in lysates of transconjugants.