gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic fabrication of woodpile-type photonic crystal templates using silicon based single reflective optical element (2013)

In this work, we present the holographic fabrication of woodpile-type photonic crystal templates in photosensitive polymer using a silicon-on-PDMS based reflective optical element. The reflective optical element is fabricated from four silicon chips placed inside a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold, which reflects a circularly or elliptically polarized beam into four linearly polarized side beams, arranged four-fold symmetrically about a central beam, with electric fields normal to the incident plane, and also reduces the laser intensity of the side beams. With a single beam and a single reflective optical element, we can generate the desired laser beam intensities and polarization of each beam, thereby creating woodpile-type photonic crystal templates, and improving the contrast of 3D structures.
<title>Requirement of microcalcification detection for computerized classification of malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications</title> (1998)

We are developing computerized schemes to detect clustered microcalcifications in mammograms, and to classify malignant versus benign microcalcifications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on the performance of computer classification when results of computer-detected true microcalcifications and computer detected false-positive signals are used as input to the computer classification scheme. We found that when trained using manually identified microcalcifications, the computer classification performance was not degraded significantly when up to 60% of true microcalcifications were missed, and when false-positive signals made up approximately one half of the computer detection.
Tagged handles (2000)

Discrete and continuous modes of manual control are fundamentally different: buttons select or change state, while handles persistently modulate an analog parameter. User interfaces for many electronically aided tasks afford only one of these modes when both are needed. We describe an integration of two kinds of physical interfaces (tagged objects and force feedback) that enables seamless execution of such multimodal tasks while applying the benefits of physicality; and demonstrate application scenarios with conceptual and engineering prototypes. Our emphasis is on sharing insights gained in a design case study, including expert user reactions.
A temporal domain audio watermarking technique (2003)

Audio watermarking techniques can be used to embed extra information into audio signals. The goal is to hide prespecified data carrying some information into the audio stream such that it is not audible to the human ear (i.e., transparent) and is, at the same time, resistant to removal attacks (i.e., robust). In the currently known watermarking systems, the above challenges are not always adequately resolved. We present an alternative audio watermarking technique that mitigates these and other related shortcomings. The system is referred to as modified audio signal keying (MASK). In MASK, the short-time envelope of the audio signal is modified in such a way that the change is imperceptible to the human listener. The MASK system can easily be tailored for a wide range of applications. Moreover, informal experimental results show that it has a good robustness and audibility behavior.
If SAW filters without love wave's spurious consisting of ZnO film and specific cut angle quartz substrate (2004)

The substrate with large electromechanical coupling factor and excellent temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) is required to realize surface acoustic wave filters for the first intermediate frequency stage (1st IF). One of the authors (M. Kadota) realized a Rayleigh wave substrate with an excellent TCF and a large electromechanical coupling factor by a combination of a specific quartz substrate (ST-cut 35/spl deg/X propagation: ST- 35/spl deg/X) having a positive TCF with a ZnO film having a negative TCF. But, it has been clarified that the SAW filter having of a single electrode (strip) or single-phase unidirectional transducer (SPUDT) on the ZnO/ST-35/spl deg/X-quartz substrates, often had a large spurious response due to the Love wave which was a higher-order-mode of the Rayleigh wave. The new cutting angle and the propagating direction (26-27/spl deg/Y-X) on quartz has been developed in order to suppress the spurious response. The IF SAW filters for the wide-band and the narrow-band code division multiple access (W-CDMA: 380 MHz and N-CDMA: 183.6 MHz) have been developed by combining this 26-27/spl deg/YX quartz with the ZnO film. The IF filters which have a small-size, an excellent TCF, a low insertion loss, a cost advantage in their applications, and no spurious responses due to the Love wave have been realized. Their frequency shift per 1/spl deg/C from -20/spl deg/C to 80/spl deg/C was less than 0.37 ppm//spl deg/C, which was better than a Rayleigh SAW on an ST-cut X propagation quartz.
FRP sheet/jacket system as an alternative method for splicing prestressed-precast concrete piles (2022)

Prestressed precast concrete pile (PPCP) is the most common type of pile currently practiced for establishing bridge foundations because it provides for a rapid, economical, and durable method of construction. For various reasons, including unpredictable soil conditions and shipping as well as transportation limitations, it is preferable or imperative to cast PPCPs with shorter lengths and connect them at the site to achieve longer lengths. Accordingly, various splice systems have been implemented over the decades for connecting PPCPs. However, current splice methods have shortcomings that have limited their applications. This study briefly reviews the limitations of the existing pile splices and introduces a novel method for splicing prestressed precast concrete piles. The proposed splice system utilizes Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets to provide the required strength. The performance of the proposed splice system in developing the required capacity has been investigated according to both ACI 318–14 and FDOT Standard Design Specifications. To demonstrate the effectiveness and constructability of the proposed system, the proposed splice has been designed for an 18-inch (457 mm) square PPCP according to a procedure consistent with ACI 440.2R-17. The results show that this system is effective and can meet all the requirements set forward by the design specifications. The major contribution of this study is the development of a new splicing method that is applicable to both unforeseen and preplanned situations, and offers an economical, corrosion-resistant, and rapid alternative advantageous to other available splicing methods. The new splice is especially valuable for unforeseen conditions where other splice systems fail to provide the required capacity. As important as its novelty, the proposed splice can be designed according to well-established and validated design codes making the need for experimental verification trivial.
Potassium Channel Modulation by a Toxin Domain in Matrix Metalloprotease 23 (2009)

Peptide toxins found in a wide array of venoms block K(+) channels, causing profound physiological and pathological effects. Here we describe the first functional K(+) channel-blocking toxin domain in a mammalian protein. MMP23 (matrix metalloprotease 23) contains a domain (MMP23(TxD)) that is evolutionarily related to peptide toxins from sea anemones. MMP23(TxD) shows close structural similarity to the sea anemone toxins BgK and ShK. Moreover, this domain blocks K(+) channels in the nanomolar to low micromolar range (Kv1.6 > Kv1.3 > Kv1.1 = Kv3.2 > Kv1.4, in decreasing order of potency) while sparing other K(+) channels (Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv1.7, and KCa3.1). Full-length MMP23 suppresses K(+) channels by co-localizing with and trapping MMP23(TxD)-sensitive channels in the ER. Our results provide clues to the structure and function of the vast family of proteins that contain domains related to sea anemone toxins. Evolutionary pressure to maintain a channel-modulatory function may contribute to the conservation of this domain throughout the plant and animal kingdoms.
Single-ended spatial enhancement using a cross-coupled lattice equalizer (2002)

A stereophonic enhancement system is described which expands the perceived width of the stereo sound image. The system accepts electrical audio signals comprising a two-channel (left and right) stereo pair and produces enhanced left and right stereo signals for use with conventional two-channel audio recording and playback systems. The system includes control circuitry which monitors the dissimilarity of the left and right input signals and optionally the dissimilarity of the left and right processed output signals. An all-pass decorrelation subsystem can also be included for mono-to-stereo conversion of monophonic input signals prior to the spatial enhancement system.
No-Reference Quality Assessment for Networked Video via Primary Analysis of Bit Stream (2010)

A no-reference (NR) quality measure for networked video is introduced using information extracted from the compressed bit stream without resorting to complete video decoding. This NR video quality assessment measure accounts for three key factors which affect the overall perceived picture quality of networked video, namely, picture distortion caused by quantization, quality degradation due to packet loss and error propagation, and temporal effects of the human visual system. First, the picture quality in the spatial domain is measured, for each frame, relative to quantization under an error-free transmission condition. Second, picture quality is evaluated with respect to packet loss and the subsequent error propagation. The video frame quality in the spatial domain is, therefore, jointly determined by coding distortion and packet loss. Third, a pooling scheme is devised as the last step of the proposed quality measure to capture the perceived quality degradation in the temporal domain. The results obtained by performance evaluations using MPEG-4 coded video streams have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed NR video quality metric.
Automated three-dimensional registration and volume rebuilding for wide-field angiographic and structural optical coherence tomography (2017)

We propose a three-dimensional (3-D) registration method to correct motion artifacts and construct the volume structure for angiographic and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT). This algorithm is particularly suitable for the nonorthogonal wide-field OCT scan acquired by a ultrahigh-speed swept-source system ( > 200 ?? kHz A-scan rate). First, the transverse motion artifacts are corrected by the between-frame registration based on en face OCT angiography (OCTA). After A-scan transverse translation between B-frames, the axial motions are corrected based on the rebuilt boundary of inner limiting membrane. Finally, a within-frame registration is performed for local optimization based on cross-sectional OCTA. We evaluated this algorithm on retinal volumes of six normal subjects. The results showed significantly improved retinal smoothness in 3-D-registered structural OCT and image contrast on en face OCTA.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles (2008)

A central challenge in the development of drug-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles is the inability to control the nanoparticle physicochemical properties that affect their biodistribution, drug release, and efficacy. Nanoparticles may be developed by mixing and nanoprecipitation of polymers and drugs dissolved in organic solvents with non-solvents. Inadequate control over this mixing process is a source of variability in the synthesis of these nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. We demonstrate that rapid and tunable mixing through hydrodynamic flow focusing in a microfluidic device can be used to control nanoprecipitation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-bpoly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) diblock copolymers as a model polymeric biomaterial for drug delivery.
An Optimization-Based GTS Allocation Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC with Application to Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks (2010)

IEEE 802.15.4 standard is widely used in wireless personal area networks (WPANs). This standard supports a limited number of guaranteed time slots (GTSs) for time-critical or delay-sensitive data transmission.We propose a GTS allocation scheme to improve reliability and bandwidth utilization in IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless body area sensor networks (WiBaSe-Nets). A knapsack problem is formulated to obtain optimal GTS allocation such that a minimum bandwidth requirement is satisfied for the sensor devices. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better GTS utilization and higher packet delivery ratio than the standard IEEE 802.15.4 scheme does.
TlSn<sub>2</sub>I<sub>5</sub>, a Robust Halide Antiperovskite Semiconductor for γ-Ray Detection at Room Temperature (2017)

The semiconductor TlSn2I5 with a two-dimensional crystal structure and an antiperovskite topology is a promising novel detection material. The compound crystallizes in the I4/mcm space group, has an indirect band gap of 2.14 eV, and melts congruently at 314 °C. Electronic band structure calculations reveal that the most facile electron transport is along the ab layered plane. Compared to CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I), TlSn2I5 features higher long-term stability, higher photon stopping power (average atomic number of 55), higher resistivity (∼1010 Ω·cm), and robust mechanical properties. Centimeter-size TlSn2I5 single crystals grown from the melt by the Bridgman method can be used to fabricate detector devices, which detect Ag Kα X-rays (22 keV), 57Co γ-rays (122 keV), and 241Am α-particles (5.5 MeV). The mobility-lifetime product and mobility for electrons were estimated to be 1.1 × 10–3 cm2·V–1 and 94 ± 16 cm2·V–1·s–1, respectively. Unlike other halide perovskites, TlSn2I5 shows no signs of ionic polarization under long-term, high-voltage bias.
Quantitative preparation of allyl telechelic polyisobutylene under reflux conditions (2017)

ABSTRACT Allyl telechelic polyisobutylene (allyl‐PIB‐allyl) is of great commercial and scientific interest produced by living polymerization of isobutylene followed by functionalization (allylation with allyltrimethylsilane) under external cooling, typically to −78 °C. Cooling is cumbersome and costly, and temperature control is far from ideal. Herein we describe the quantitative preparation of allyl‐PIB‐allyl under ideal internal temperature control at ∼−40 °C using refluxing propane/methyl chloride mixtures. The exact composition of the nonpolar/polar solvents and polymerization time crucially affect product quality. Well‐defined allyl‐PIB‐allyl is obtained using 60/40 (v/v) refluxing propane/methyl chloride and terminating not more than 5 min after monomer depletion. In pure refluxing propane or methyl chloride, or at longer reaction times, byproducts form that compromise product quality. A mechanism is presented to explain the observations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 1784–1789
Compact planar optical correlator (1997)

A compact planar configuration for performing optical correlation is described. It comprises two pairs of identical holographic lenses and a holographic filter. Each pair of lenses is recorded on a single substrate; together the lenses perform exact Fourier transformation. The light between the lenses propagates inside the substrate by total internal reflection. The design and recording considerations for each of the elements along with experimental results for the overall planar correlator are presented.
Activity of clindamycin with primaquine against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo (1988)

The combination of primaquine with clindamycin is effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of Pneumocystis infection. Primaquine alone at concentrations from 10 to 300 micrograms/ml reduced the numbers of organisms in cultures to less than 7% of control. Significant inhibition was observed down to 0.1 microgram/ml. Clindamycin at 5 micrograms/ml was ineffective alone. Combinations of clindamycin and primaquine in culture at various concentrations were effective, but there was no evidence of true synergy. In rats with established Pneumocystis pneumonia, clindamycin alone at 5 or 225 mg/kg was ineffective. Primaquine alone at 0.5 or 2 mg/kg did not significantly affect the numbers of organisms remaining. The combination of 0.5 mg of primaquine per kg and 225 mg of clindamycin per kg was effective for therapy, lowering the numbers of organisms in the lungs by about 90%. The combination of 2 mg of primaquine per kg and 225 mg of clindamycin per kg was more effective, lowering the numbers of organisms by almost 98%. In the in vivo prophylaxis model, primaquine at 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg did not prevent the development of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immune-suppressed rats. Clindamycin at 50 mg/kg had a modest effect alone, but at 5 mg/kg all animals became heavily infected. At 0.5 mg/kg, primaquine alone reduced the severity of infection, but seven of eight rats were still infected. In contrast, the combination of 5 mg of clindamycin per kg and 0.5 mg of primaquine per kg prevented infection in 8 of 10 rats; 2 rats had minimal infection. These studies suggest that the combination of clindamycin and primaquine should be tested in therapy or prophylaxis of Pneumocystis infections in humans.
Mechanically Strong and Multifunctional Polyimide Nanocomposites Using Amimophenyl Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets (2013)

We report an effective way to fabricate mechanically strong and multifunctional polyimide (PI) nanocomposites using aminophenyl functionalized graphene nanosheet (APGNS). APGNS was successfully obtained through a diazonium salt reaction. PI composites with different loading of APGNS were prepared by in situ polymerization. Both the mechanical and electrical properties of the APGNS/PI composites were significantly improved compared with those of pure PI due to the homogeneous dispersion of APGNS and the strong interfacial covalent bonds between APGNS and the PI matrix. The electrical conductivity of APGNS/PI (3:97 w/w) was 6.6 × 10–2 S/m which was about 1011 times higher than that of pure PI. Furthermore, the modulus of APGNS/PI was increased up to 16.5 GPa, which is approximately a 610% enhancement compared to that of pure PI, and tensile strength was increased from 75 to 138 MPa. The water vapor transmission rate of APGNS/PI composites (3:97 w/w) was reduced by about 74% compared to that of pure PI.
A generic low power scan chain wrapper for designs using scan compression (2010)

Shrinking power budgets in low power system-on-chips (SoCs) have elevated test power consumption as a major consideration for chip design and test engineering teams. Many traditional automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) and design-for-test (DFT) techniques for test power reduction are either effective for circuits not using test data compression hardware or have implications on the physical design cycle. This paper describes a technique for reducing peak current during scan based testing that can work in the presence of compression, and impose no restrictions on physical design, e.g. related to chip clocking. We propose low-design effort modifications to the test compression logic (wrapper-like changes) that enable us to (a) bypass scan chains or groups of them and (b) shift in constant values into the bypassed flip-flops for lowering the instantaneous current drawn. The modifications are easily localized to a scan chain wrapper that can be used with any scan compression solution. An SoC using low-power scan chain wrappers provides sufficient configurability (scan chains bypassed or scan chains included) to explore different power reductions with test cost trade-offs. We describe a methodology that allows us to manage the inherent configurability available in our solution. For empirical validation, we have implemented low-power scan chain wrappers for a subset of scan chains in a recently taped-out 65nm low-power SoC. We present experimental data from ATPG and initial silicon power measurements for this chip to demonstrate the benefits and limitations of the proposal.
A 40 nm CMOS 195 mW/55 mW Dual-Path Receiver AFE for Multi-Standard 8.5–11.5 Gb/s Serial Links (2014)

This paper presents the design of a power- and area-efficient, high-performance dual-path receiver analog front-end (AFE) for wide multistandard applications of 8.5-11.5 Gb/s, such as 10GBASE-LRM, 10GBASE-KR, 10GBASE-CX1, and 10GBASE-LR/SR. A common programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with programmable peaking is followed by ADC-based and slicer-based paths. The ADC-based path employs a low-power, 6-bit 10 Gs/s, 4X time-interleaved, low BER rectified flash 10 Gs/s ADC that is digitally calibrated to compensate for offset, gain, and phase mismatches between the interleaved channels. The ADC-based receiver with transmitter can compensate for up to a 34 dB insertion loss at 5 GHz Nyquist frequency for a copper backplane channel (10GBASE-KR). The ADC-based receiver can achieve greater than 6 dB margin for three 10GBASE-LRM stressors and dynamic channels. The ADC Figure of Merit (FoM) is a 0.59 pJ/conversion-step for a 5 GHz input at a 10.3125 GHz clock rate. The slicer-based path uses a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) after high linear PGA to provide 10 dB total equalization at 5 GHz Nyquist frequency for 10GBASE-SR application. Its measured input sensitivity of 30 mVppd and high-frequency jitter tolerance of 0.35 UIpp with 0.7 UIpp total input jitter well exceed specifications in the standard. The receiver AFE occupies 0.82 mm 2 and consumes 195 mW for ADC path and 55 mW for slicer path in a 40 nm standard CMOS process.
Recognition of Smoking Gesture Using Smart Watch Technology (2020)

Diseases resulting from prolonged smoking are the most common preventable causes of death in the world today. In this report we investigate the success of utilizing accelerometer sensors in smart watches to identify smoking gestures. Early identification of smoking gestures can help to initiate the appropriate intervention method and prevent relapses in smoking. Our experiments indicate 85%-95% success rates in identification of smoking gesture among other similar gestures using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Our investigations concluded that information obtained from the x-dimension of accelerometers is the best means of identifying the smoking gesture, while y and z dimensions are helpful in eliminating other gestures such as: eating, drinking, and scratch of nose. We utilized sensor data from the Apple Watch during the training of the ANN. Using sensor data from another participant collected on Pebble Steel, we obtained a smoking identification accuracy of greater than 90% when using an ANN trained on data previously collected from the Apple Watch. Finally, we have demonstrated the possibility of using smart watches to perform continuous monitoring of daily activities.
Mode Structure and Temporal Solitons in Optical Microresonators (2014)

Temporal dissipative solitons in microresonators constitute a novel class of ultra-short optical pulse generators. Here we study the influence of resonator mode-structure, particularly avoided mode crossings, on soliton formation and derive resonator design criteria.
Intuitive modeling of bend distortion in large-mode-area fibers (2007)

Bend distortion is emerging as an important consideration in the design of amplifier fibers with a large mode area, in addition to bend loss and mode-coupling effects. Simple, intuitive estimates of distortion sensitivity are presented for two interesting classes of fibers, in agreement with full numerical simulations.