gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cultured Chondrocytes Produce Injectable Tissue-Engineered Cartilage in Hydrogel Polymer (2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine if chondrocytes cultured through several subcultures at very low plating density would produce new cartilage matrix after being reimplanted in vivo with or without a hydrogel polymer scaffold. Chondrocytes were initially plated in low-density monolayer culture, grown to confluence, and passaged four times. After each passage cells were suspended in purified porcine fibrinogen and injected into the subcutaneous space of nude mice while simultaneously polymerizing with thrombin to reach a final concentration of 40 million cells/cc. Controls were made by injecting fresh, uncultured cells with fibrin polymer and by injecting the cultured cells in saline (without polymer). All samples were harvested at 6 weeks. When injected in polymer, both fresh cells and cells that had undergone only one passage in culture produced cartilaginous nodules. Cultured cells did not produce cartilage, regardless of length of time spent in culture, when injected without polymer. Cartilage was also not recovered from samples with cells kept in culture for longer than one passage, even when provided with a polymer matrix. All samples harvested were subjected to histological analysis and assayed for total DNA, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and type II collagen. There was histological evidence of cartilage in the groups that used fresh cells and cultured cells suspended in fibrin polymer that only underwent one passage. No other group contained areas that would be consistent with cartilage histologically. All experimental samples had a higher percent of DNA than native swine cartilage, and there was no statistical difference between the DNA content of the groups containing cultured or fresh cells in fibrin polymer. Whereas the GAG content of native cartilage was 8.39% of dry weight and fresh cells in fibrin polymer was 12.85%, cultured cells in fibrin polymer never exceded the 2.48% noted from first passage cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that porcine chondrocytes that have been cultured in monolayer for one passage will produce cartilage in vivo when suspended in fibrin polymer.
Link-time optimization of address calculation on a 64-bit architecture (1994)

Compilers for new machines with 64-bit addresses must generate code that works when the memory used by the program is large. Procedures and global variables are accessed indirectly via global address tables , and calling conventions include code to establish the addressability of the appropriate tables. In the common case of a program that does not require a lot of memory, all of this can be simplified considerably, with a corresponding reduction in program size and execution time. We have used our link-time code modification system OM to perform program transformations related to global address use on the Alpha AXP. Though simple, many of these are whole-program optimizations that can be done only when we can see the entire program at once, so link-time is an ideal occasion to perform them. This paper describes the optimizations performed and shows their effects on program size and performance. Relatively modest transformations, possible without moving code, improve the performance of SPEC benchmarks by an average of 1.5%. More ambitious transformations, requiring an understanding of program structure that is thorough but not difficult at link-time, can do even better, reducing program size by 10% or more, and improving performance by an average of 3.8%. Even a program compiled monolithically with interprocedural optimization can benefit nearly as much from this technique, if it contains statically-linked pre-compiled library code. When the benchmark sources were compiled in this way, we were still able to improve their performance by 1.35% with the modest transformations and 3.4% with the ambitious transformations.
Effect of Diltiazem and Verapamil on Endothelin Release by Cultured Human Coronary Smooth-Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells (1998)

Recent data suggest that endothelin (ET) production is enhanced in coronary atherosclerotic lesions. In several studies, an anti-atherosclerotic effect has been attributed to calcium-channel antagonists. This study aimed to investigate whether ET release from cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells is influenced by the calcium-channel antagonists diltiazem and verapamil. Coronary plaque smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) were isolated from primary stenosis plaque material. Normal coronary smooth muscle and endothelial cells were obtained from organ donors. Addition of diltiazem (5, 15, 25, 50, or 100 μg/ml) and verapamil (0.25, 2.5, 25, 50, or 75μg/ml) to the culture medium induced in all three cell types a dose-dependent reduction in ET secretion (coronary plaque SMCs: diltiazem 98.1 ± 1.5, 94.9± 5.0, 82.0 ± 6.4**, 63.3 ± 3.7***, 38.9 ± 2.4***; control 108.4 ± 2.8; verapamil 97.0 ± 7.7, 91.9 ± 5.5, 67.3 ± 4.5**, 30.6 ± 3.0***, 27.6 ± 2.2***; control 103.4 ± 6.1 pg/104 cells, n = 6; normal coronary SMCs: diltiazem 9.6 ± 0.7, 8.7 ± 0.6, 5.4 ± 0.5***; 3.7 ± 0.5***, 3.2 ± 0.4***; control 10.7± 0.5; verapamil 10.3 ± 0.9, 10.0 ± 0.7, 6.6 ± 0.5***, 4.0 ± 0.3***, 3.0 ± 0.3***; control 11.1 ± 0.6 pg/104 cells, n = 6; means ± SEM, **p < 0.01, ***p< 0.001 vs. control). These data suggest that ET release from cultured coronary smooth muscle and endothelial cells is decreased by diltiazem and verapamil. In further studies, it remains to be elucidated whether the local application of diltiazem or verapamil might have a beneficial effect on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Isolation and Characterization of Organosolv and Alkaline Lignins from Hardwood and Softwood Biomass (2016)

Isolation of lignins from hardwood and softwood biomass samples, containing 26.1% and 28.1% lignin, respectively, has been performed with the use of alkaline and organosolv pretreatment methods. The effect of catalyst loading, ethanol content, particle size, and pretreatment time on the yields and properties of the isolated lignins were investigated. Alkaline lignins had higher carbohydrate content—up to 30%—and exhibited higher molecular weights in the range of 3000 Da, with a maximum phenolic hydroxyl content of 1 mmol g–1 for birch and 2 mmol g–1 for spruce. Organosolv lignins, on the other hand, showed high purity—93% or higher—despite the more extensive biomass dissolution into the pretreatment medium; they also exhibited a lower range of molecular weights between 600 and 1600 Da depending on the source and pretreatment conditions. Due to the lower molecular weight, phenolic hydroxyl content was also increased, reaching as high as 4 mmol g–1 with a simultaneous decrease in aliphatic hydroxyl content as low as 0.6 mmol g–1. Efficient lignin dissolution of 62% for spruce and 69% for birch, achieved at optimal pretreatment conditions, was combined with extensive hemicellulose removal.
New results in hydrodynamic radial polishing using HyDRa (2005)

New results using hydrodynamic radial polishing techniques on assorted materials, using HyDRa are presented. This tool performs corrective lapping and fine polishing by means of a low-cost, foamy abrasive flux. The functioning principle is based on the generation of a grazing, high-velocity, low-pressure, rotational, variable density, abrasive flux with radial geometry. It is currently possible to polish aspheres and free-form optics on diverse materials and sizes. This tool is particularly useful for polishing thin substrates such as membranes and semiconductors since it can be biased for a non-interactive action on the work piece. This process also has the advantage of achieving high removal rates. In order to achieve high degrees of accuracy and repeatability in the HyDRa finishing process, fully automated bias and slurry supply units must be incorporated to the polishing system. The air and slurry supply systems are described, as well as operational tool parameters for optimal polishing performance.
Costs for collagenase injections compared with fasciectomy in the treatment of Dupuytren's contracture: a retrospective cohort study (2014)

Treatment of DC with one collagenase injection costs 33% less than fasciectomy with equivalent efficacy at 6 weeks regarding reduction in contracture.
The ambient Loo (2010)

On numerous occasions, trips to the facilities coincide with an important mobile phone call. Due to the sleek and polished nature of modern phones, attempting to promptly deal with such calls can occasionally lead to the phone sliding through the owner's hands, surrendering to the force of gravity and flying down the hole. This is a disaster, and often an expensive incident. It can also be a health and safety hazard, with the owner desperately attempting to retrieve their phone and re-using it. This paper provides a first attempt at a cell phone recovery system using the modern functionalities of Toto Japanese toilets. In our approach, the phone is calmly recovered, sanitized and retrieved by the user. This can all happen without the call even being dropped, with possibility of secure back-up of the user data by embedded sensor and Wi-Fi network connectivity in the toilet. We envision that such an approach will increase the collaboration between Japanese, European and American mobile operators, network researchers and hardware manufacturers.
A numerical fitting routine for frequency-domain thermoreflectance measurements of nanoscale material systems having arbitrary geometries (2021)

In this work, we develop a numerical fitting routine to extract multiple thermal parameters using frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) for materials having non-standard, non-semi-infinite geometries. The numerical fitting routine is predicated on either a 2D or 3D finite element analysis that permits the inclusion of non-semi-infinite boundary conditions, which cannot be considered in the analytical solution to the heat diffusion equation in the frequency domain. We validate the fitting routine by comparing it with the analytical solution to the heat diffusion equation used within the wider literature for FDTR and known values of thermal conductivity for semi-infinite substrates (SiO2, Al2O3, and Si). We then demonstrate its capacity to extract the thermal properties of Si when etched into micropillars that have radii on the order of the pump beam. Experimental measurements of Si micropillars with circular and square cross sections are provided and fit using the numerical fitting routine established as part of this work. Likewise, we show that the analytical solution is unsuitable for the extraction of thermal properties when the geometry deviates significantly from the standard semi-infinite case. This work is critical for measuring the thermal properties of materials having arbitrary geometries, including ultra-drawn glass fibers and laser gain media.
Gray testing support in software repository with keyword based extraction (2014)

In the software industry, generally software manufacturers develop the component and use it only once. As a result of which there is lot of wastage in effort, cost as well as time in developing software's. The solution to the above is to reuse the software components further in the development of other similar kind of products or the products having same functionality. So, a successful component storage structure is required to increase the availability of reusable components. Repository must be developed which supports essential features like efficient storage and retrieval. In this paper gray testing tool has been implemented with an efficient storage structure which will provide both black box and white box testing support to the reusable components and will store all the test cases generated while performing gray testing of the component for future use.
Effect of fusion protein cleavage site mutations on virulence of Newcastle disease virus: non-virulent cleavage site mutants revert to virulence after one passage in chicken brain (2003)

Virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is mainly determined by the amino acid sequence of the fusion (F0) protein cleavage site. Full-length NDV cDNA clone pNDFL was used to generate infectious NDV with defined mutations in the F0 cleavage site (RRQRR downward arrow L, GRQGR downward arrow F, RRQGR downward arrow F, RGQRR downward arrow F and RKQKR downward arrow F). All the mutants were viable and the mutations were maintained after virus propagation in embryonated eggs. The mutants showed single-cell infections on chicken embryo fibroblasts, which suggested that they were non-virulent. However, virulence tests in 1-day-old chickens resulted in an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) between 0 and 1.3. Moreover, virulent virus was isolated from chickens that had died in the virulence tests. Subsequent sequence analysis showed that the mutants RRQRR downward arrow L, RRQGR downward arrow F, RGQRR downward arrow F and RKQKR downward arrow F gave rise to the appearance of revertants containing the virulent cleavage site RRQ(K/R)R downward arrow F and an ICPI of 1.4 or higher. This indicated that reversion to virulence was caused by alteration of the amino acid sequence of the F0 cleavage site from a non-virulent to a virulent type. Furthermore, the ICPI of the revertants was higher than that of cDNA-derived strain NDFLtag, which has the same cleavage site, RRQRR downward arrow F (ICPI=1.3). NDFLtag(Pass), which was isolated from dead chickens after intracerebral inoculation of NDFLtag, also showed an increase in the ICPI from 1.3 to 1.5. This study proves that reversion to virulence occurs within non-virulent NDV populations and that the virulence may increase after one passage in chicken brain.
Achieving Conduction Band-Edge Effective Work Functions by $\hbox{La}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Capping of Hafnium Silicates (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Conduction band-edge effective work functions (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\phi_{m, {\rm eff}}$</tex> </formula>) are demonstrated with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{TaC}_{x}$</tex></formula> and TiN by means of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{La}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> capping of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{HfSiO}_{x}$</tex></formula> in a gate-first process flow with CMOS-compatible thermal budget. With <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{TaC}_{x}$</tex></formula>, a 10- <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{\bf \AA}$</tex></formula>-thick <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$ \hbox{La}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> cap results in a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\phi_{m, {\rm eff}}$ </tex></formula> of 3.9 eV with a low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) increase (1–2 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{\bf \AA}$</tex></formula>) and unaffected electron mobility. With TiN, non-nitrided <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{La}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> capping results in a smaller <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\phi_{m, {\rm eff}}$</tex></formula> reduction at a larger EOT increase, while with post-cap nitridation, the TiN <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\phi_{m, {\rm eff}}$</tex></formula> is lower at a smaller EOT increase. Results show that the choice of metal and nitridation conditions have significant effects on <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{La}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> capped stacks. </para>
Performance evaluation of BLAST-OFDM enhanced Hiperlan/2using simulatedand measured channel data (2001)

The performance benefits of spatial multiplexing are evaluated for an otherwise unmodified Hiperlan/2 physical layer. To obtain an ‘upper bound’ result, full complexity ML decoding of the V-BLAST OFDM signal is performed. Performance results using statistical multi-element channel models are compared with those using state-of-the-art MIMO channel measurements.
Architecting SkyBridge-CMOS (2021)

As the scaling of CMOS approaches fundamental limits, revolutionary technology beyond the end of CMOS roadmap is essential to continue the progress and miniaturization of integrated circuits. Recent research efforts in 3-D circuit integration explore pathways of continuing the scaling by co-designing for device, circuit, connectivity, heat and manufacturing challenges in a 3-D fabric-centric manner. SkyBridge fabric is one such approach that addresses fine-grained integration in 3-D, achieves orders of magnitude benefits over projected scaled 2-D CMOS, and provides a pathway for continuing scaling beyond 2-D CMOS. However, SkyBridge fabric utilizes only single type transistors in order to reduce manufacture complexity, which limits its circuit implementation to dynamic logic. This design choice introduces multiple challenges for SkyBridge such as high switching power consumption, susceptibility to noise, and increased complexity for clocking. In this thesis we propose a new 3-D fabric, similar in mindset to SkyBridge, but with static logic circuit implementation in order to mitigate the afore-mentioned challenges. We present an integrated framework to realize static circuits with vertical nanowires, and co-design it across all layers spanning fundamental fabric structures to large circuits. The new fabric, named as SkyBridge-CMOS, introduces new technology, structures and circuit designs to meet the additional requirements for implementing static circuits. One of the critical challenges addressed here is integrating both n-type and p-type nanowires. Molecular bonding process allows precise control between different doping regions, and novel fabric components are proposed to achieve 3-D routing between various doping regions. Core fabric components are designed, optimized and modeled with their physical level information taken into account. Based on these basic structures we design and evaluate various logic gates, arithmetic circuits and SRAM in terms of power, area footprint and delay. A comprehensive evaluation methodology spanning material/device level to circuit level is followed. Benchmarking against 16nm 2-D CMOS shows significant improvement of up to 50X in area footprint and 9.3X in total power efficiency for low power applications, and 3X in throughput for high performance applications. Also, better noise resilience and better power efficiency can be guaranteed when compared with original SkyBridge fabrics.
Purification of .ALPHA.-maltotetraose-forming exo-amylase of Pseudomonas stutzeri - Two-forms of the amylase and their enzymatic properties. (1983)

Two active forms (F-1 and F-2) of a maltotetraose-forming amylase [EC 3.2. 1.60 exomaltotetraohydrolase] from Pseudomonas stutzeri were completely separated and highly purified by using Polybuffer exchanger PBETM 94, and their enzymatic properties were compared. The purified F-1 and F-2 both showed a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate. The optimum pH for the action of F-1 and F-2 on starch was exactly the same at 8.0. The isoelectric points of F-1 and F-2 were estimated to be 5.6 and 5.3 by polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing. Except the properties above, other enzymatic properties were very similar for F-1 and F-2: 1) the optimum temperature (45°C at pH 8.0) and the molecular weight (5.5×104), 2) the stabilization by Ca2+, and the inhibition by some metal ions and N-bromosuccinimide, 3) the inhibition by cyclomaltodextrins and the inability to hydrolyze cyclomaltodextrins, 4) the kinetic constants (Km and k0) for starch, glycogens and short chain amylose (DP=17), and 5) the type of inhibition and inhibitor constants (Ki) of some microbial a-amylase inhibitors. Both purified F-1 and F-2 attacked starch from the non-reducing end to produce a-anomer oligosaccharides; these results confirmed that both enzymeswere exo-a-amylases as reported previously.
Air‐Stable, Efficient Mixed‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with Cu Electrode by Scalable Fabrication of Active Layer (2016)

High efficiency and air stable doctor-blade coated perovskite solar cells are reported. The high quality mixed cation perovskite film (FA x MA1− x PbI3) is fabricated by taking the unique advantage of doctor-blade coating method, based on which solar cell efficiency larger than 18% is realized. In addition, choosing copper as cathode enhances device environmental stability substantially, paving the way for real applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A test harness for maintaining unfamiliar software (1988)

A process is described that uses the existing code, in a maintenance/test harness, to guide the unfamiliar maintainer through a maintenance activity efficiently. This process uses the code and test cases that execute correctly on the code to build a database of interlocking module tests before maintenance is begun. The maintenance activity is defined by making the changes or additions to the test cases used to build the database thereby defining the desired modification of the software's function. This is quite different from the conventional, documentation-oriented approach. A description is also given of an existing test harness which implements many of the features of the proposed maintenance/test harness. This implementation has demonstrated feasibility and has provided the experience to establish the software tools required to support the proposed maintenance approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A comparison of best-worst scaling marginal and rank methods (2023)

This study compares the marginal and the rank methods for analysing best-worst scaling case 2 data using a simulated and an empirical example dataset. Simulation results suggest the rank method improves accuracy of estimates compared to the marginal method as measured by bias and mean square error. The rank method reduced bias on average by 48% across all coefficient estimates as compared to the marginal-CL method. Results from the empirical example align with those of the simulation and added robustness to the findings.
An α/β-Peptide Helix Bundle with a Pure β<sup>3</sup>-Amino Acid Core and a Distinctive Quaternary Structure (2009)

Helix bundles are among the most widely studied tertiary and quaternary structural motifs in proteins. Here we present the crystal structure of an alpha/beta-peptide foldamer that adopts a tetrameric helix-bundle quaternary structure with a hydrophobic core composed solely of beta-amino acids. The structure displays features that are unprecedented among all known helix bundles composed of either alpha-peptides or peptidic foldamers. The tetramer is characterized by an asymmetry of interaction between neighboring helices, and the side-chain packing within the hydrophobic core differs fundamentally from the knobs-into-holes arrangement typical of most helix bundles.