gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis Can be Ameliorated by Anti-CXCL10 Ab Treatment (2013)

Background: Interstitial cystitis (IC), more recently called painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a complex disease associated with chronic bladder inflammation that primarily affects women. Its symptoms include frequent urinary urgency accompanied by discomfort or pain in the bladder and lower abdomen. In the United States, eight million people, mostly women, have IC/PBS. New evidence that autoimmune mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of IC/PBS triggered interest.
A region of the C-terminal portion of the human transferrin receptor contains an asparagine-linked glycosylation site critical for receptor structure and function (1993)

The transferrin receptor is a cell surface protein and is responsible for the uptake of iron into many eukaryotic cells. In its mature form, the receptor possesses three asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The effect of asparagine-linked glycosylation on the processing and cell surface localization of the human transferrin receptor is examined here by site-directed mutagenesis. Each of the extracellular consensus sequences (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) for asparagine-linked glycosylation was mutated individually and in all possible combinations. The constructs were transfected stably into NIH-3T3 cells and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line lacking endogenous transferrin receptors. Of the seven possible combinations of glycosylation sites, single mutations eliminating glycosylation at either Asn251 or Asn317 do not affect the processing and surface localization of the receptor. Eliminating both of these sites together has a small effect on the behavior of the receptor. However, mutation of the C-terminal glycosylation site (Asn727) has the most profound negative effect on the appearance of the receptor at the cell surface. The mutants lacking glycosylation at Asn727 appear to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum as an increased association with binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) is observed. Addition of a new glycosylation site in the C-terminal region of the unglycosylated mutated transferrin receptor restores the cell surface localization and the transferrin binding of the transferrin receptor, indicating that glycosylation in this region is critical for the correct transport of this receptor to the cell surface.
Clinical significance of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein expression on acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia cells at diagnosis [see comments] (1992)

To evaluate the clinical value of the expression of multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-170) on the surface of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) cells, we analyzed specimens from 150 newly diagnosed patients for staining with MRK16, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that binds to an external epitope of P-170. Other surface markers (CD13, CD14, CD15, and CD34) were studied by the same technique. A marker was considered positive when 20% or more cells were stained. Of 150 samples, 71 were P-170-positive. These cases did not differ from P-170-negative cases with regard to age, sex, initial white blood cell (WBC) counts, or French-American-British (FAB) type (except for M3 ANLL, which were more frequently negative). However, leukemias arising from previous myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and therapy-induced leukemias were more frequently P-170-positive. CD34 and P-170 expression were significantly associated. All patients were treated by intensive chemotherapy. Complete remission (CR) rates were significantly lower in P-170-positive (23/71, 32%) than in P-170-negative cases (64/79, 81%) (P less than 10(-5)). CD34 positivity was also associated with a low remission rate (P less than 10(-5)). Survival was shorter for P-170- and CD34-positive patients (P less than 10(-5)). The prognostic value of both markers was confirmed in multivariate analysis. CR duration was also shorter for P-170-positive cases, but the difference is less significant (P = .05). It is concluded that P-170 analysis may be an important tool for predicting the outcome of intensive chemotherapy in ANLL patients.
Assessing the Impact of the Frequency of Quality Control Testing on the Quality of Reported Patient Results (2008)

To assess the impact of the frequency of QC testing on QC performance, it is necessary to move beyond thinking in terms of the probability of accepting or rejecting analytical runs. A performance measure based on the expected increase in the number of unacceptable patient results reported has the dual advantage of objectively assessing the impact of changes in QC-testing frequency and putting focus on the quality of reported patient results rather than the quality of laboratory batches.
Tensile earthquakes: Theory, modeling, and inversion (2011)

[1] Tensile earthquakes are earthquakes which combine shear and tensile motions on a fault during the rupture process. The geometry of faulting is described by four angles: strike, dip, rake, and slope. The strike, dip, and rake define the orientation of the fault normal and the tangential component of the dislocation vector along the fault. The slope defines the deviation of the dislocation vector from the fault. The strike, dip, and rake are determined ambiguously from moment tensors similarly as for shear sources. The slope is determined uniquely and has the same value for both complementary solutions. The moment tensors of tensile earthquakes are characterized by significant non-double-couple (non-DC) components comprising both the compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) and the isotropic (ISO) components. In isotropic media, the CLVD and ISO percentages should have the same sign and should depend linearly for earthquakes that occurred in the same focal area. The direction of the linear function between the CLVD and ISO defines the velocity ratio νP/νS in the focal area. The parameters of tensile earthquakes can be retrieved from their moment tensors. The procedure yields the angles describing the geometry of faulting as well as the νP/νS ratio in the focal area. The accuracy of the νP/νS ratio can be increased if a set of moment tensors of earthquakes that occurred in the same focal area is analyzed. The calculation of the νP/νS ratio from moment tensors is an auspicious method which might find applications in tomography of the focal area or in monitoring fluid flow during seismic activity. If the νP/νS ratio is found and well constrained, the parameters of tensile earthquakes can be inverted directly from observed data using a constrained nonlinear inversion. In this inversion, the parameter space can be limited by fixing the νP/νS ratio or forcing the νP/νS ratio to lie within some physically reasonable limits.
Exploring Metal-Air Chemistries with A New Solid Oxide Metal-Air Redox Battery (2014)

This paper introduces a new class of solid oxide metal air redox batteries, targeting at stationary energy storage. Distinct from traditional liquid based metal-air batteries, this new battery has a completely new system design, which was developed from reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) technologies, relying on the conduction of O 2- . This all-solid-state battery circumvents the major problems facing conventional metal-air batteries with its unique design: a reversible solid oxide fuel cell is decoupled with a metal-metal oxide containing energy storage bed. This decoupling design allows for an easy exploitation of new metal-air chemistries, for example, tungsten-air and molybdenum-air. Theoretical analysis and experimental results both show that heavy metals like tungsten and molybdenum are promising redox metals to provide higher energy density for the new battery.
Evaluating Differences in Aluminum Exposure through Parenteral Nutrition in Neonatal Morbidities (2020)

Aluminum is a common contaminant in many components of parenteral nutrition, especially calcium and phosphate additives. Although long-term effects have been described in the literature, short-term effects are not well-known. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration recommends maintaining aluminum at <5 mcg/kg/day. This was a single center, retrospective case-control study of 102 neonatal intensive care unit patients. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis, rickets/osteopenia, or seizures and received at least 14 days of parenteral nutrition. Patients were matched 1:1 with control patients by gestational age and birth weight. Mean total aluminum exposure for the 14 days of parenteral nutrition was calculated using manufacturer label information. Differences in mean aluminum exposure between cases and controls, as well as subgroup analysis in those with renal impairment or cholestasis, was conducted. Aluminum exposure in patients meeting inclusion criteria closely mirrored the aluminum exposure of control patients. The difference in aluminum exposure was not found to be statistically significant, except in patients with cholestasis. Although the study found no difference in aluminum exposure in short-term complications with neonates, long-term complications are well established and may warrant the need to monitor and limit neonatal aluminum exposure.
The kinetic mechanism of wild-type and mutant mouse dihydrofolate reductases (1990)

A kinetic mechanism is presented for mouse dihydrofolate reductase that predicts all the steady-state parameters and full time-course kinetics. This mechanism was derived from association and dissociation rate constants and pre-steady-state transients by using stopped-flow fluorescence and absorbance measurements. The major features of this kinetic mechanism are as follows: (1) the two native enzyme conformers, E1 and E2, bind ligands with varying affinities although only one conformer, E1, can support catalysis in the forward direction, (2) tetrahydrofolate dissociation is the rate-limiting step under steady-state turnover at low pH, and (3) the pH-independent rate of hydride transfer from NADPH to dihydrofolate is fast (khyd = 9000 s-1) and favorable (Keq = 100). The overall mechanism is similar in form to the Escherichia coli kinetic scheme (Fierke et al., 1987), although several differences are observed: (1) substrates and products predominantly bind the same form of the E. coli enzyme, and (2) the hydride transfer rate from NADPH to either folate or dihydrofolate is considerably faster for the mouse enzyme. The role of Glu-30 (Asp-27 in E. coli) in mouse DHFR has also been examined by using site-directed mutagenesis as a potential source of these differences. While aspartic acid is strictly conserved in all bacterial DHFRs, glutamic acid is conserved in all known eucaryotes. The two major effects of substituting Asp for Glu-30 in the mouse enzyme are (1) a decreased rate of folate reduction and (2) an increased rate of hydride transfer from NADPH to dihydrofolate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Developments in the treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis (2002)

The leishmaniases and trypanosomiases are diseases caused by related parasites belonging to the kinetoplastidae family. They share common biological traits, which are comparatively better known than for other parasites, and which would favour the identification of common targets. Yet, very few new drugs are on the horizon and treatment relies on old, often toxic and ineffective drugs. Miltefosine may soon become the first oral drug registered for Leishmaniasis. Other compounds in clinical trials are paromomycin, sitamquine and lipid formulations of amphotericin B. For African trypanosomiasis old drugs primarily indicated for Chagas disease are being considered (nifurtimox, megazole). Earlier projects are berenil, bisamidines and triazines for African trypanosomiasis, and novel azoles and cruzipain inhibitors for Chagas disease.
Induction of cell death by ascorbic acid derivatives in human renal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines. (2000)

Sodium-L-ascorbate, L-ascorbic acid, D-isoascorbic acid, sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate and sodium-6-beta-O-galactosyl-L-ascorbate, which produce ascorbyl radicals during the oxidative degradation, also induced cytotoxicity against cultured human renal carcinoma (TC-1) and glioblastoma multiform tumor (T98G) cell lines. On the other hand, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium and L-ascorbic acid 2-sulfate dipotassium salt, which do not produce the ascorbyl radical, were inactive. This suggests the possible role of the ascorbyl radical for cell death induction. T98G cells were more resistant to ascorbate analogs than TC-1 and HL-60 cells, possibly due to higher intracellular glutathione concentrations. Ascorbate treatment induced rapid elevation of both intracellular concentration of cAMP and Ca2+ in HL-60 cells, but not in TC-1 and T98G cells. However, the elevation of cAMP by theophyline and N,2-dibutyryl adenosine 3,5 cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) resulted in a decrease in the viable cell number. This suggests the possible role of cAMP for ascorbate-induced cell death.
Hematopoietic stimulation by a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor reveals a novel regulatory mechanism and therapeutic treatment for blood cell deficiencies (2003)

In hematopoiesis, cytokine levels modulate blood cell replacement, self-renewal of stem cells, and responses to disease. Feedback pathways regulating cytokine levels and targets for therapeutic intervention remain to be determined. Amino boronic dipeptides are orally bioavailable inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidases. Here we show that the high-affinity inhibitor Val-boro-Pro (PT-100) can stimulate the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vivo and can accelerate neutrophil and erythrocyte regeneration in mouse models of neutropenia and acute anemia. Hematopoietic stimulation by PT-100 correlated with increased cytokine levels in vivo. In vitro, PT-100 promoted the growth of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells by increasing granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-11 production by bone marrow stromal cells. Two molecular targets of PT-100 are expressed by stromal cells- CD26/DPP-IV and the closely related fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Because PT-100 was active in the absence of CD26, FAP appears to be the hematopoietic target for PT-100. Interaction of PT-100 with the catalytic site seems to be required because amino-terminal acetylation of PT-100 abrogated enzyme inhibition and hematopoietic stimulation. PT-100 is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of neutropenia and anemia. The data support increasing evidence that dipeptidyl peptidases can regulate complex biologic systems by the proteolysis of signaling peptides.
In vivo corneal neovascularization imaging by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2014)

Corneal neovascularization leads to blurred vision, thus <i>in vivo</i> visualization is essential for pathological studies in animal models. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging can delineate microvasculature and hemodynamics noninvasively, which is suitable for investigating corneal neovascularization. In this study, we demonstrate <i>in vivo</i> imaging of corneal neovascularization in the mouse eye by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), where corneal neovascularization is induced by deliberate alkali burn injuries in C57BL6/J inbred mice corneas on the left eye. We used OR-PAM to image five mice with corneal alkali burn injuries; the uninjured eyes (right eye) in these mice are then used as the controls. Corneal images acquired by OR-PAM with and without alkali burn injury are compared, clear signs of corneal neovascularization are present in the OR-PAM images of injured eyes; the OR-PAM results are also confirmed by postmortem fluorescence-labeled confocal microscopy.
A tunable 'negative' stiffness system for vibration control (2012)

Commonly used variable stiffness methods for vibration control are employed to alter a system's resonant frequency by increasing its stiffness. The concept of "negative" stiffness could be used to decrease the system stiffness; thus, reducing resonant systems' frequency. A tunable stiffness isolation device (TSID) with negative stiffness capability enables a controlled mass to be isolated in a large range of excitation frequencies. This study presents theoretical and experimental investigations of a tunable stiffness system with negative stiffness. The proposed system comprises two electromagnets, two rubber elements and a mass. The negative stiffness effect is obtained from a magnetic force which is nearly a linear function of amplitude in small vibrations. A finite element analysis is performed to obtain a relation between the magnetic force and geometrical dimensions, as well as electromagnets' characteristics. The force transmissibility of the system under different applied currents for a frequency range of 30 to 120Hz is investigated. The results show that the system's resonant frequency decreases with the increased applied magnetic field.
Pancreatic β-Cell Neogenesis by Direct Conversion from Mature α-Cells (2010)

Because type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by loss of β-cells, β-cell regeneration has garnered great interest as an approach to diabetes therapy. Here, we developed a new model of β-cell regeneration, combining pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) with elimination of pre-existing β-cells with alloxan. In this model, in which virtually all β-cells observed are neogenic, large numbers of β-cells were generated within 2 weeks. Strikingly, the neogenic β-cells arose primarily from α-cells. α-cell proliferation was prominent following PDL plus alloxan, providing a large pool of precursors, but we found that β-cells could form from α-cells by direct conversion with or without intervening cell division. Thus, classical asymmetric division was not a required feature of the process of α- to β-cell conversion. Intermediate cells coexpressing α-cell- and β-cell-specific markers appeared within the first week following PDL plus alloxan, declining gradually in number by 2 weeks as β-cells with a mature phenotype, as defined by lack of glucagon and expression of MafA, became predominant. In summary, these data revealed a novel function of α-cells as β-cell progenitors. The high efficiency and rapidity of this process make it attractive for performing the studies required to gain the mechanistic understanding of the process of α- to β-cell conversion that will be required for eventual clinical translation as a therapy for diabetes.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Aryl-3 (or 5)-alkyl/aryl-5 (or 3)-(<i>N</i>-cycloamino)pyrazoles (2005)

[Reaction: see text]. An efficient highly regioselective protocol for the synthesis of isomeric 1,3-diaryl (or 1-aryl-3-alkyl) and 1,5-diaryl (or 1-aryl-5-alkyl)-5 (or 3)-(N-cycloamino)pyrazoles has been reported by cyclocondensation of common alpha-oxoketene N,S-acetal precursors with arylhydrazines by variation of reaction conditions.
Magnetoelectronic Phenomena at a Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Interface (2000)

A Comment on the Letter by P. R. Hammar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 203 (1999). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Received 9 July 1999DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.5022©2000 American Physical Society
Hepatocyte Growth Factor as Cardiovascular Hormone: Role of HGF in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease (2002)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mesenchyme-derived pleiotropic factor which regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis of various types of cells, and is thus considered a humoral mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions responsible for morphogenic tissue interactions during embryonic development and organogenesis. Although HGF was originally identified as a potent mitogen for hepatocytes, HGF has also been identified as a member of angiogenic growth factors. Interestingly, the presence of its specific receptor, c-met, is observed in vascular cells, endothelial cells and cardiac myocytes. In addition, the mitogenic action of HGF on human endothelial cells was most potent among growth factors. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential application of HGF to treat cardiovascular disease such as peripheral vascular disease, myocardial infarction and restenosis after angioplasty. On the other hand, serum HGF concentration was significantly correlated with blood pressure. These results suggest that HGF secretion might be elevated in response to high blood pressure as a counter-system against endothelial dysfunction, and may be considered as an index of severity of hypertension. In this review, we discussed the potential role of HGF in cardiovascular disease.
Classification of extra virgin olive oil and verification of adulteration using digital images and discriminant analysis (2015)

This work proposes a new methodology based on digital images and supervised pattern recognition methods for the classification of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples with respect to brand (A, B and C) and verification of adulteration with soybean oil.
Information Management Platform for Data Analytics and Aggregation (IMPALA) System Design Document (2016)

The System Design document tracks the design activities that are performed to guide the integration, installation, verification, and acceptance testing of the IMPALA Platform. The inputs to the design document are derived from the activities recorded in Tasks 1 through 6 of the Statement of Work (SOW), with the proposed technical solution being the completion of Phase 1-A. With the documentation of the architecture of the IMPALA Platform and the installation steps taken, the SDD will be a living document, capturing the details about capability enhancements and system improvements to the IMPALA Platform to provide users in development of accurate and precise analytical models. The IMPALA Platform infrastructure team, data architecture team, system integration team, security management team, project manager, NASA data scientists and users are the intended audience of this document. The IMPALA Platform is an assembly of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products installed on an Apache-Hadoop platform. User interface details for the COTS products will be sourced from the COTS tools vendor documentation. The SDD is a focused explanation of the inputs, design steps, and projected outcomes of every design activity for the IMPALA Platform through installation and validation.
Optical Network Control: Architecture, Protocols, and Standards (2003)

Optical Network Control is the first expert guide and single-source reference for controlling and managing optical networks. This book fills the gap between optical network engineering and routing/signaling-helping both optical and IP professionals build networks that are more robust, flexible, manageable, and profitable. Coverage includes: Designing networks to deliver a range of on-demand services from mission-critical, time-sensitive protected services to low-cost unprotected services Network control and operations in WDM/DWDM and SONET/SDH environments Control principles and features for evolving mesh-based optical networks and existing ring networks-with practical examples Emerging, proposed, and future optical routing/signaling protocols and standards including GMPLS, ASON and Optical UNI Optical network control planes: design, scenarios, interworking, and interactions with existing network management systems Crucial IETF, ITU-T, OIF, ANSI, Bellcore, and industry information-brought together for the first time