gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compromised mitochondrial function leads to increased cytosolic calcium and to activation of MAP kinases (1997)

We have investigated in rat pheochromacytoma PC12 cells the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 by the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP). This treatment slowly decreases ATP levels to 30% of control, whereas the internal calcium level rises very rapidly to 250% of control, derived from internal stores. Tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 increases gradually, starting after 5 min of treatment, to reach a maximum at 30 min; the kinase activity reaches 250% when measured after 1 hr of treatment. The drop in ATP levels is slower still. Comparison of the time courses of the rapid rise in cytosolic calcium with the slower increase in ERK1 and ERK2 activation suggests one or more intermediate stages in this pathway. Chelation of cytosolic calcium with dimethyl bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid abolished the FCCP-stimulated rise in internal calcium, as well as the tyrosine phosphorylation and the activation of the ERKs. Surprisingly, caffeine, which releases calcium from different internal stores, did not increase the tyrosine phosphorylation and did not activate the ERKs. The FCCP effect on calcium storage may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer disease, which might result in ineffective buffering of cytosolic calcium that leads to mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and subsequent protein phosphorylations.
Seed‐set and pollen–stigma compatibility in <i>Leymus chinensis</i> (2004)

Abstract Chinese leymus [ Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.] is an important forage distributed in East Asia. The seed‐set rates and the pollen–stigma compatibility in six populations were investigated in 2001. Proportionately seed‐set ranged from 0·065 to 0·567 under open pollination and 0·0056 to 0·0426 under self‐pollination. The former is significantly higher than the latter in each population. Microscopic observations showed that proportionately only 0·0551 to 0·1167 of self‐pollinated pollen grains were compatible but most cross‐pollinated pollen grains were compatible. The tubes of most incompatible pollen grains aborted upon entering into the stigmas. Among the six populations, there was a significant correlation between seed‐set under open pollination and the compatible pollen rates under cross‐pollination. These results suggest that Chinese leymus is a self‐incompatible species, and the compatibility of pollen and stigma might be one of the factors influencing seed‐set in natural conditions. This information will be useful for future breeding efforts.
Sensitivity of the Distorted Born Iterative Method to the Initial Guess in Microwave Breast Imaging (2015)

The distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) has been explored recently for microwave breast imaging. DBIM is an iterative method; thus, it requires an initial guess of the dielectric properties of the breast. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of DBIM imaging accuracy and convergence speed to the properties of a homogeneous initial guess. We conduct this investigation for a multifrequency formulation of DBIM, wherein the dispersive breast tissue properties are described with a Debye model. The parameters of the Debye model for the initial guess are linearly linked to reflect typical breast tissue dielectric properties. The static permittivity characterizing the properties is swept over an appropriate range of initial guesses and DBIM is used to obtain imaging results for each guess. Image quality and the number of iterations required for convergence is evaluated using three-dimensional (3-D) anatomically realistic numerical breast phantoms. This investigation not only vividly illustrates the sensitivity of DBIM to the initial guess but also definitively demonstrates that the use of initial values close to the average properties of the breast yields near-optimal performance. Finally, we present and evaluate a practical algorithm for estimating the average properties to be used as the initial guess.
Convolutional aggregation of local evidence for large pose face alignment (2016)

Methods for unconstrained face alignment must satisfy two requirements: they must not rely on accurate initialisation/face detection and they should perform equally well for the whole spectrum of facial poses. To the best of our knowledge, there are no methods meeting these requirements to satisfactory extent, and in this paper, we propose Convolutional Aggregation of Local Evidence (CALE), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture particularly designed for addressing both of them. In particular, to remove the requirement for accurate face detection, our system firstly performs facial part detection, providing confidence scores for the location of each of the facial landmarks (local evidence). Next, these score maps along with early CNN features are aggregated by our system through joint regression in order to refine the landmarks’ location. Besides playing the role of a graphical model, CNN regression is a key feature of our system, guiding the network to rely on context for predicting the location of occluded landmarks, typically encountered in very large poses. The whole system is trained end-to-end with intermediate supervision. When applied to AFLW-PIFA, the most challenging human face alignment test set to date, our method provides more than 50% gain in localisation accuracy when compared to other recently published methods for large pose face alignment. Going beyond human faces, we also demonstrate that CALE is effective in dealing with very large changes in shape and appearance, typically encountered in animal faces.
Changes in mood state following whole-body hyperthermia (1992)

Mood states of cancer patients were assessed pre- and post-41.8 degrees C whole-body hyperthermia using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in fatigue associated with decreased vigour which returned to baseline values by 72 h. In contrast, a significant improvement in depression was evident through 72 h following treatment. The relationship of this result to earlier studies of WBH-induced beta-endorphin is discussed.
Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues (2017)

Characterization of the molecular function of the human genome and its variation across individuals is essential for identifying the cellular mechanisms that underlie human genetic traits and diseases. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project aims to characterize variation in gene expression levels across individuals and diverse tissues of the human body, many of which are not easily accessible. Here we describe genetic effects on gene expression levels across 44 human tissues. We find that local genetic variation affects gene expression levels for the majority of genes, and we further identify inter-chromosomal genetic effects for 93 genes and 112 loci. On the basis of the identified genetic effects, we characterize patterns of tissue specificity, compare local and distal effects, and evaluate the functional properties of the genetic effects. We also demonstrate that multi-tissue, multi-individual data can be used to identify genes and pathways affected by human disease-associated variation, enabling a mechanistic interpretation of gene regulation and the genetic basis of disease.
An architecture of wireless Web and dialogue system convergence for multimodal service interaction over converged networks (2003)

This paper presents an approach based on wireless Web and dialogue system convergence for multimodal, multimedia communication services over converged networks. It uses a unique event-triggered service delivery method that separates service interaction and wirelessWeb-based service delivery. Our approach results in an architecture of WAP-based, location-independent, wireless service monitoring, notification and service access for mobile users that can be applied over various network bearers in enterprise environment. A new wireless secure server (WSS) provides secure connections to dialogue systems. It allows one-key switching to retrieve the multimedia content. A prototype system was implemented and performance advantages were demonstrated on several enterprise service applications.
Automated Big-O analysis of algorithms (2017)

Algorithm analysis is an important part of algorithm design. Traditionally, analysis of programming code or algorithms is theoretical and mathematical. This makes it a time consuming and manual process. This limits the scope and scale of undertaking such a task. There has always been an ever-growing need to automate this analysis. With mobile development taking the center stage, we need to ensure that we build programs that are efficient as this translates to better power consumption and improved battery life. We have compiled this paper after taking all the limitations around the input domain into consideration. We have developed and presented the idea, data structures and the algorithm that can accomplish the automated Big O analysis of basic programs. For our research, we have considered programs written in the Java programming language. We have illustrated the working using an example. Further, we have presented the future scope of the system. Using this anyone interested in the field can enhance and extend the system.
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-mediated Efflux of 7-Ketocholesterol from Macrophage Foam Cells (1996)

Atherosclerosis involves the arterial accumulation of lipid-laden "foam cells" containing oxidized and unoxidized sterols and their esters (Mattsson-Hulten, L., Lindmark, H., Diczfalusy, U., Bjorkhem, I., Ottosson, M., Liu, Y., Bondjers, G., and Wiklund, O. (1996) J. Clin. Invest. 97, 461-8). Oxidized sterols are probably critical to atherogenesis because they inhibit cholesterol removal from cells and are cytotoxic. We recently reported that there is deficient induction of cellular cholesterol efflux by apolipoprotein A-I, the main initial acceptor of cellular cholesterol from macrophages loaded in vitro with oxidized low density lipoprotein (Kritharides, L., Jessup, W., Mander, E., and Dean, R. T. (1995) Arterioscler. Thromb. 15, 276-289). There was an even more marked impairment of the release of 7-ketocholesterol which is a major oxysterol in these cells and in human atherosclerotic lesions. Here we show that hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin can induce selective efflux of 7-ketocholesterol. Efflux of 7-ketocholesterol was time and concentration dependent, and the rate of its removal was 50-fold greater for hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin than for apolipoprotein A-I. Over a defined range of concentrations (0-5 mg/ml), efflux of 7-ketocholesterol was preferred over that of cholesterol and occurred without cell toxicity. Efflux of free 7-ketocholesterol was associated with decreased intracellular free and esterified 7-ketocholesterol. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin also enhanced efflux of other oxysterols. The physical solubilization of 7-ketocholesterol by the cyclodextrin was much greater than that of cholesterol, in accordance with its differential effects on efflux. These data highlight the importance of extracellular sterol solubilization in the efflux of cellular oxysterols and the mobilization of intracellular free and esterified oxysterol pools in macrophages loaded with oxidized low density lipoprotein. Synthetic sterol-solubilizing agents such as hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin are thus potential prototypes for the further development of oxysterol-removing agents.
Characterizing stratum corneum structure, barrier function, and chemical content of human skin with coherent Raman scattering imaging (2018)

The most superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, plays a crucial role in retaining hydration; if its structure or composition is compromised, dry skin may result as a consequence of poor water retention. Dry skin is typically treated with topical application of humectant agents that attract water into the skin. Corneometry, the industry standard for measuring skin hydration, works by assessing the bulk electrical properties of skin. However, this technique samples a large volume of tissue and thus does not resolve the biochemical changes that occur at the cellular level that may underlie mechanisms of dry skin. These limitations can be addressed using coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy to probe the intrinsic vibrational modes of chemical groups such as lipids and water. In the present study, <i>ex vivo</i> human skin explants undergoing dehydration and humectant-induced rehydration were measured via CRS imaging and corneometry. Corneometry data and chemically specific images were obtained from the stratum corneum of each patient sample at each timepoint. The resulting data was statistically analyzed using linear mixed effect model regression analysis. The cellular imaging data revealed water loss in the stratum corneum during dehydration that was correlated with corneometer readings. Interestingly, the imaging data and corneometer readings show differences under the experimental rehydration conditions. The rehydration results suggest that hydration restored by the humectant agents may not be retained by the corneocytes in the <i>ex vivo</i> model system. Given the complementary nature of corneometry, a bulk assessment tool, and CRS microscopy, a modality with subcellular resolution implemented here in an en-face tissue imaging setup, these techniques can be used to measure uptake and efficacy of topical compounds in order to better understand their mode of action and improve therapeutic applications.
Development of PCR assays to detect ampicillin resistance genes in cerebrospinal fluid samples containing Haemophilus influenzae (1994)

We developed PCR primers specific for the blaTEM and blaROB ampicillin resistance genes. The specificity of the primers was confirmed by testing a series of Escherichia coli isolates containing a variety of ampicillin resistance genes and a series of ampicillin-resistant and ampicillin-susceptible Haemophilus influenzae isolates. There was a perfect correlation between ampicillin MICs, the presence of beta-lactamase (as determined by the nitrocefin test), and the results with the blaTEM and blaROB primers. Isolates of H. influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from 25 frozen cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were also tested. Four of 14 H. influenzae isolates were positive with the blaTEM primers; none were positive with the blaROB primers. Ampicillin MICs were determined for the H. influenzae isolates, and penicillin MICs were determined for the S. pneumoniae isolates. Only the four PCR-positive H. influenzae isolates had elevated MICs of ampicillin and were beta-lactamase positive. None of the H. influenzae isolates contained the blaROB gene, and none of the S. pneumoniae isolates produced positive reactions with either primer set. We then used universal primers directed to conserved regions of rRNA and a Haemophilus detection probe to identify which of the 25 frozen samples of CSF contained H. influenzae. Fourteen of the 25 CSF specimens were positive for H. influenzae, which correlated with the number of organisms obtained by culture of the CSF samples. Four of the CSF samples were positive with the blaTEM primer set, and these correlated with the four H. influenzae isolates that were positive when tested directly by PCR. The blaTEM assay required the use of native Taq polymerase because Amplitaq preparations were contaminated with vector DNA that contained the blaTEM-1 gene.
Survey of the Economics of Hydrogen Technologies (1999)

A survey of the economics of hydrogen production, storage, transport, and end-use technologies has been completed. More than 100 publications concerning the economics of current and near-term hydrogen technologies were surveyed. Technologies more than 20 years from commercialization were not considered.
DAVID gene ID conversion tool (2008)

http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/conversion.jsp.
AUTOMATIC URBAN ILLEGAL BUILDING DETECTION USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SATELLITE IMAGES AND GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (2015)

Abstract. With the unprecedented growth of urban population and urban development, we are faced with the growing trend of illegal building (IB) construction. Field visit, as the currently used method of IB detection, is time and man power consuming, in addition to its high cost. Therefore, an automatic IB detection is required. Acquiring multi-temporal satellite images and using image processing techniques for automatic change detection is one of the optimum methods which can be used in IB monitoring. In this research an automatic method of IB detection has been proposed. Two-temporal panchromatic satellite images of IRS-P5 of the study area in a part of Tehran, the city map and an updated spatial database of existing buildings were used to detect the suspected IBs. In the pre-processing step, the images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected. In the next step, the changed pixels were detected using K-means clustering technique because of its quickness and less user’s intervention required. Then, all the changed pixels of each building were identified and the change percentage of each building with the standard threshold of changes was compared to detect the buildings which are under construction. Finally, the IBs were detected by checking the municipality database. The unmatched constructed buildings with municipal database will be field checked to identify the IBs. The results show that out of 343 buildings appeared in the images; only 19 buildings were detected as under construction and three of them as unlicensed buildings. Furthermore, the overall accuracies of 83%, 79% and 75% were obtained for K-means change detection, detection of under construction buildings and IBs detection, respectively.
New photoresist coating method for high topography surfaces (2010)

A novel technique of photoresist coating, Dynamic Surface Tension (DST) coating, is presented. This technique is particularly well suited for surfaces with pre-existing topography, which is often the case in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated circuits packaging. A simple setup is employed and several resist solutions are tested. Promising results are obtained using a commercial photoresist Shipley SPR 220-3.0. Uniform coverage on micromachined surfaces with high topography is demonstrated. Successful pattern transfer at the bottom and on top of silicon trenches as deep as 15 ¿m with different width from 1 ¿m to 100 ¿m was achieved with 1.5 ¿m resolution.
Mutation screening of MSH2 and MLH1 mRNA in hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome. (1996)

Germline mutations in four human mismatch repair genes (MSH2, MLH1, PMS1, and PMS2) have been reported to cause hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome (HNPCC). The identification of germline mutations in HNPCC kindreds allows precise diagnosis and accurate predictive testing. To investigate further the genetic epidemiology of HNPCC and the nature and frequency of germline mutations in this disorder, we studied 17 English HNPCC kindreds for germline mutations in MSH2 and MLH1. A previous genetic linkage study had suggested that most English HNPCC families will have mutations in one of these genes. Mutation analysis was performed in a three step process. (1) mRNA extracted from lymphoblastoid cell lines was analysed for gross rearrangements, (2) the in vitro transcription-translation (IVTT) assay was then performed to detect protein truncating mutations, and (3) partial cDNA sequencing of MSH2 or MLH1 was undertaken in families (n = 6) linked to MSH2 or MLH1 but without a detectable mutation. Seven different germline mutations were identified in eight of 17 (47%) kindreds (five in MSH2 and three in MLH1). In three cases there was a deletion of a single exon in MSH2 mRNA, three mutations resulted in a truncated protein product, and two missense mutations were identified by direct sequencing. Six mutations were novel. No precise correlation between genotype and phenotype was observed, although a MSH2 missense (Thr905Arg) mutation was associated with a susceptibility to multiple colorectal polyps. Age related risks for colorectal and uterine cancer were similar for MSH2 and MLH1 mutations.
New reaction of saturated fluorocarbons: partial reduction by ammonia with mercury photosensitization. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew reaction of saturated fluorocarbons: partial reduction by ammonia with mercury photosensitization.Juan Burdeniuc, William Chupka, and Robert H. CrabtreeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 40, 10119–10120Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00145a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00145a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA structure at the plasmid origin-of-transfer indicates its potential transfer range (2018)

Horizontal gene transfer via plasmid conjugation enables antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to spread among bacteria and is a major health concern. The range of potential transfer hosts of a particular conjugative plasmid is characterised by its mobility (MOB) group, which is currently determined based on the amino acid sequence of the plasmid-encoded relaxase. To facilitate prediction of plasmid MOB groups, we have developed a bioinformatic procedure based on analysis of the origin-of-transfer (oriT), a merely 230 bp long non-coding plasmid DNA region that is the enzymatic substrate for the relaxase. By computationally interpreting conformational and physicochemical properties of the oriT region, which facilitate relaxase-oriT recognition and initiation of nicking, MOB groups can be resolved with over 99% accuracy. We have shown that oriT structural properties are highly conserved and can be used to discriminate among MOB groups more efficiently than the oriT nucleotide sequence. The procedure for prediction of MOB groups and potential transfer range of plasmids was implemented using published data and is available at http://dnatools.eu/MOB/plasmid.html .
Research progress in nonlinear analysis of heart electric activities (2006)

非线性的科学研究是在世界上的一个热点。它加深了我们宿命论的认知， randomicity，简洁和复杂性，噪音和顺序和它将深刻地影响自然科学的学习的进步，包括生命科学。生命是最复杂的非线性的系统，心是生命周期系统的核心。在里面迟了更多的 than20 年，关于电的活动使许多前进成为了的心的非线性的研究。通常使用的参数基于混乱和分数维的理论，例如关联尺寸， Lyapunov 代表， Kolmogorov 熵和多分数维的奇特光谱。这篇论文在心的非线性的学习总结通常使用的方法电的信号。就上述传统的非线性的参数的缺乏而言，然后，我们主要在信号(500 R-R 间隔) 和 HFECG 表明的短期的心率可变性(HRV )(1-2s ) 上介绍结果。最后，我们指出把强调放在短期的心的敏感非线性参数的学习上是值得的电的信号和他们的动态字符和临床的有效性。