gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A versatile microreactor platform featuring a chemical-resistant microvalve array for addressable multiplex syntheses and assays (2006)

A versatile microreactor platform featuring a novel chemical-resistant microvalve array has been developed using combined silicon/polymer micromachining and a special polymer membrane transfer process. The basic valve unit in the array has a typical ‘transistor’ structure and a PDMS/parylene double-layer valve membrane. A robust multiplexing algorithm is also proposed for individual addressing of a large array using a minimal number of signal inputs. The in-channel microvalve is leakproof upon pneumatic actuation. In open status it introduces small impedance to the fluidic flow, and allows a significantly larger dynamic range of flow rates (∼ml min−1) compared with most of the microvalves reported. Equivalent electronic circuits were established by modeling the microvalves as PMOS transistors and the fluidic channels as simple resistors to provide theoretical prediction of the device fluidic behavior. The presented microvalve/reactor array showed excellent chemical compatibility in the tests with several typical aggressive chemicals including those seriously degrading PDMS-based microfluidic devices. Combined with the multiplexing strategy, this versatile array platform can find a variety of lab-on-a-chip applications such as addressable multiplex biochemical synthesis/assays, and is particularly suitable for those requiring tough chemicals, large flow rates and/or high-throughput parallel processing. As an example, the device performance was examined through the addressed synthesis of 30-mer DNA oligonucleotides followed by sequence validation using on-chip hybridization. The results showed leakage-free valve array addressing and proper synthesis in target reactors, as well as uniform flow distribution and excellent regional reaction selectivity.
A surgical stereo-video microscope. (1975)

In our lifetime, electronic photography, that is television, has replaced optical film photography in many areas and has opened new fields in other areas. The surgical optical microscope is a closed, limited system. Television can revolutionize this by converting the optical picture into an electronic picture which can be sent down a cable, through the air, or recorded on magnetic tape to be seen now or at a later time. The Stereo-Video Microscope offers a new surgical instrument which provides the surgeon with greater ease of viewing and other numerous advantages over optical microscopy.
Applications of Anti/Prooxidant Fullerenes in Nanomedicine along with Fullerenes Influence on the Immune System (2015)

Fullerenes are molecules that, due to their unique structure, have very specific chemical properties which offer them very wide array of applications in nanomedicine. The most prominent are protection from radiation‐induced injury, neuroprotection, drug and gene delivery, anticancer therapy, adjuvant within different treatments, photosensitizing, sonosensitizing, bone reparation, and biosensing. However, it is of crucial importance to be elucidated how fullerenes immunomodulate human system of defense. In addition, the most current research, merging immunology and nanomedicine, results in development of nanovaccines, which may represent the milestone of future treatment of diseases.
Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Model Based on Multi-Task Learning (2022)

The key issue in the field of smart contract security is efficient and rapid vulnerability detection in smart contracts. Most of the existing detection methods can only detect the presence of vulnerabilities in the contract and can hardly identify their type. Furthermore, they have poor scalability. To resolve these issues, in this study, we developed a smart contract vulnerability detection model based on multi-task learning. By setting auxiliary tasks to learn more directional vulnerability features, the detection capability of the model was improved to realize the detection and recognition of vulnerabilities. The model is based on a hard-sharing design, which consists of two parts. First, the bottom sharing layer is mainly used to learn the semantic information of the input contract. The text representation is first transformed into a new vector by word and positional embedding, and then the neural network, based on an attention mechanism, is used to learn and extract the feature vector of the contract. Second, the task-specific layer is mainly employed to realize the functions of each task. A classical convolutional neural network was used to construct a classification model for each task that learns and extracts features from the shared layer for training to achieve their respective task objectives. The experimental results show that the model can better identify the types of vulnerabilities after adding the auxiliary vulnerability detection task. This model realizes the detection of vulnerabilities and recognizes three types of vulnerabilities. The multi-task model was observed to perform better and is less expensive than a single-task model in terms of time, computation, and storage.
A PHY-MAC Cross-Layer Approach for Sleep Scheduling in LTE/LTE-A Uplink (2015)

To support mobility, wireless mobile devices are powered by batteries; however, a battery can only store a limited amount of energy. Take a 3G handheld device for example, according to the real test, the wireless interface consumes the largest proportion of the total amount of power (up to 40%). In particular, the 4G wireless communications adopt OFDMA and MIMO as the wireless access technology, where the former improves the bandwidth efficiency and the latter enhances throughput. In this case, the wireless interface in a mobile device will consume much more power than that for 3G devices. To save power, we have designed a PHY-MAC cross-layer sleep scheduling method which considers power saving, energy efficiency, and QoS at the same time over the 4G LTE/LTE-A wireless networks. Several papers have been published or submitted and three master theses have been accomplished. In this paper, we discuss a cross-layer design of sleep scheduling in 3GPP LTE/LTE-A wireless networks. The design jointly considers the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer multi-user sleep scheduling (via the settings of DRX/DTX parameters) and the physical layer power and radio resource allocations. The new approach enables UEs to gain longer battery life time and better utility of radio resource while guarantee the delay, packet drop rate, and maximum transmit power constraints. The design is validated through comparisons with simulation results and we find significant improvement on power saving.
Fabrication of ceramic membranes on porous ceramic supports by electrophoretic deposition (2013)

Nanoporous alumina membrane and continuous zeolite L membrane were fabricated on the inner surface of microporous alumina tubes. In the former case, an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used for the deposition of bimodal alumina particles for the subsequent low temperature sintering. In the latter case, the EPD was used for the seeding process of zeolite L particles for the subsequent hydrothermal synthesis. A thin layer of polypyrrole was synthesised on the inside wall of the porous tubes by the chemical polymerisation of pyrrole to give the wall electric conduction for the EPD electrode. The thickness of the coating layers was controlled by altering the applied voltage and deposition time. The interfacial connection of the alumina or zeolite coated layer and the substrate was evaluated by SEM observations before and after the thermal treatment. The nanoporous structure of the alumina membrane was also characterised by a pore size analyser.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cell with High Open-Circuit Voltage by Dimensional Interface Modification (2019)

High-efficiency organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have experienced rapid development and attracted significant attention in recent years. However, instability to an ambient environment such as moisture is a facile challenge for the application of perovskite solar cells. Herein, 1,8-octanediammonium iodide (ODAI) is employed to construct a two-dimensional modified interface by in situ combined with residual PbI<sub>2</sub> on the formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite surface. The ODA<sup>2+</sup> ion seems to lie horizontally on the surface of a three-dimensional perovskite due to its substitution for two FA<sup>+</sup> ions, which could protect the bulk perovskite more effectively. The unencapsulated perovskite solar cells showed notably improved stability, which remained 92% of its initial efficiency after storing in an ambient environment for 120 days. In addition, a higher open-circuit voltage of 1.13 V compared to that of the control device (1.04 V) was obtained due to the interface energy level modification and defect passivation. A champion power conversion efficiency of 21.18% was therefore obtained with a stabilized power output of 20.64% at the maximum power point for planar perovskite solar cells.
SAR Target Recognition in Large Scene Images via Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

In this paper, a new Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (RCNN) method is proposed for target recognition in large scene synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. To locate and recognize the targets in SAR images, there are three steps in the traditional procedure: detection, discrimination, classification and recognition. Each step is supposed to provide optimal processing results for the next step, but this is difficult to implement in real-life applications because of speckle noise and inefficient connection among these procedures. To solve this problem, the RCNN is applied to large scene SAR target recognition, which can detect the objects while recognizing their classes based on its regression method and the sharing network structure. However, size of the input images to RCNN is limited so that the classification could be accomplished, which leads to a problem that RCNN is not able to handle the large scene SAR images directly. Thus, before the RCNN, a fast sliding method is proposed to segment the scene image into sub-images with suitable size and avoid dividing targets into different sub-images. After the RCNN, candidate regions on different slices are predicted. To locate targets on large scene SAR images from these candidate regions on small slices, the Non-maximum Suppression between Regions (NMSR) is proposed, which could find the most proper candidate region among all the overlapped regions. Experiments on 1476 × 1784 simulated MSTAR images of simple scenes and complex scenes show that the proposed method can recognize all targets with the best accuracy and fastest speed, and outperform the other methods, such as constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector + support vector machine (SVM), Visual Attention+SVM, and Sliding-RCNN.
Formation of narrow low-energy high-intensity electron beams (2008)

The process of formation of high-density low-energy (5–10 keV) pulsed electron beams of small diameter (on the order of a few millimeters) in a gun of the “channel-spark” type is studied. It is shown that beams with a rate of rise of the current exceeding 1011 A/s and an amplitude exceeding the Alfvén current by a factor of 1.5–2.0 can be obtained in experiments with intense preionisation of the transport channel combined with a pulsed supply of the accelerating voltage to the cathode. In the optimal pressure mode, the current density at a distance of 2–3 cm from the gun outlet is 40–25 kA/cm2, which will ensure ablation of most solid targets.
Load-Independent Control of Switching DC-DC Converters with Freewheeling Current Feedback (2008)

In this paper, a load-independent converter with freewheeling current feedback, whose output is controlled by a comparator, is presented. This control method is very useful for single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) converters. A single-inductor bipolar-output (SIBO) converter with the proposed control scheme is implemented in a 0.5 mum power BiCMOS process and uses 3.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of die area. The current sensing gain can be increased and and the circuit is less sensitive to switching noise than CPM converters are because the slope compensation used in CPM converters reduces the current sensing gain to comply with low supply voltage.
Prospective investigation on the relationship between weight change and blood sugar in obese subjects (2009)

Objective To study the effects of weight change on blood sugar in obesity adult in servern years to explore the role of body weight in the blood suger. Methods A severn years follow-up study was con-ducted in the 583 simple obesity adult(BMI≥25 kg/m2) who were chosen in 2000-2001 and were divided into three groups rely on body weight change. Before and after follow-up adiposity, weight、fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , fasting insulin (FIns) and 2 h blood glucose (2 hPG) were measured. , while insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and endothelial dysfunction (EDD)were caeulated. Results 524 of 583 subjects were followed up in 2007,the average of FPG、2 hPG were significant higher than those of the former,while EDD were de-creased. Meanwhile the weight gain group have higher changes of FPG、PBG、HOMA-IR、EDD than those with weight loss group and constant weight group,in control of age, sex, the partial correlation analysis showed that: Baseline weight, BMI, and follow-up weight (BMI) changes have positively correlated with FPG, PBG. △BMI and △BG has a significant linear relationship. Conclusion The increased weight has closely relationship with high blood sugar and EDD. Effective weight control is one of the most effective means to prevent the occurring of DM in obese subjects.

Key words: 
Obesity; Weight change; Blood suger. ; Endothelial dysfunction
New Magnesium-ion Conductive Electrolyte Solution Based on Triglyme for Reversible Magnesium Metal Deposition and Dissolution at Ambient Temperature (2014)

Abstract New electrolyte solutions for rechargeable magnesium metal batteries were studied. The electrolyte solution composed of triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (triglyme) and butyl methyl triglyme as solvents and magnesium(II) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide as a magnesium salt. The reversible deposition and dissolution of magnesium metal was achieved in these electrolyte solutions at ambient temperature. The electrochemical stability of triglyme-based electrolyte solutions showed high stability toward oxidation.
Methods of case adaptation: A survey (2005)

In this article, we provide an overview of the case adaptation process. We classify various existing case adaptation methods available in the literature. We consider three different aspects, namely, domain knowledge requirement, adaptive capabilities of the case adaptation methods, and the kind of adaptation knowledge required. We then derive certain findings about the nature of the case adaptation methods and their applicability in real-life tasks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 627–645, 2005.
Concrete microstructure porosity and permeability (1993)

A model has been developed that lays the foundation for relating porosity to permeability. This is based on knowledge gained from previous work as well as experimental and theoretical input from the present program. A linear combination of lognormal distributions may be used to define the pore structure. This report contains five papers relevant to this topic.
Audio-Visual Keyword Spotting Based on Multidimensional Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

The fusion of audio and visual information is one of the most promising solutions for reliable keyword spotting (KWS), particularly when audio is corrupted by noise. KWS aims to detect a specific word in an audio stream, which still remains a challenging problem under noisy environments. In this paper, an audio-visual neural network based on multidimensional convolutional neural network (MCNN) is proposed to perform audio-visual KWS. Firstly, the log mel-spectrogram and lip area sequence are extracted, respectively, from the audio and visual streams, and are taken as the input of the audio-visual neural network. Then, an audio-visual neural network based on MCNN consisting of 2D CNN and 3D CNN is used to model the time-frequency feature of the log mel-spectrogram and the spatiotemporal feature of the lip area sequence, respectively. Finally, the outputs of the audio and visual networks are combined for KWS through decision fusion. Experimental results on the PKU-AV database under complex acoustic conditions demonstrate that the proposed method achieves preferable performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Effect of humic acid on leaching of CCA from treated wood (2001)

It is known that organic acids are effective at extracting chromated copper arsenate (CCA) components from wood, so the effect of natural humic acids on leaching was studied in the laboratory and in poles in service. Comparative analysis of poles of similar ages was done between those in wet, boggy sites and dry sites. Laboratory leaching studies done according to American Wood Preservers' Association (AWPA) Standard E-11-97 indicated that relatively high concentrations (1,000 to 10,000 ppm) of humic acids increase the leaching of chromium and copper from CCA-C treated wood, and that copper was most affected. They also showed that leaching with natural water samples resulted in higher leaching of all components than leaching with distilled water. Evaluation of CCA component retentions and mass balances in the 5-mm surface of poles in service showed that copper and arsenic were leached significantly from the portions of the poles in contact with water in wet sites. Arsenic losses increased more with pole age compared to the other components. Chromium leaching did not appear to be affected by location in the pole or by site. Although regression analysis showed that the concentration of CCA components in water near poles in wet sites increased with higher natural humic acid concentrations and lower water pH, CCA component levels and mass balances in the wood surface in contact with water in service did not confirm that these factors increased surface leaching.
Relationship of Pressure and Flow to Arterial Diameter (1982)

The effects of manipulations of blood pressure and flow on the diameter of the femoral artery in dogs were studied. Diameter measurements were made utilizing real time ultrasound scanning. Although diameter of a flexible tube in a mechanical system varies with internal pressure, in the intact femoral artery the diameter varied with changes in blood flow rate rather than pressure. Increase in blood flow rate resulted in increase in vessel diameter, whether the pressure changed or remained the same. Decrease in blood flow rate resulted in decrease in diameter, irrespective of the pressure. However, when a segment of the femoral artery was isolated from the femoral artery by interposition between plastic tubes, the diameter of the isolated segment no longer increased when flow increased. These findings suggest that arterial diameter is regulated by a conducting mechanism that depends on vascular continuity.
Cullin 3 Promotes Proteasomal Degradation of the Topoisomerase I-DNA Covalent Complex (2004)

DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1)-DNA covalent complexes are the initial lesions produced by antitumor camptothecins (CPTs). The TOP1-directed drugs stimulate degradation of TOP1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We found that proteasome inhibition prevents degradation of DNA-bound TOP1 and sustains high levels of covalent complexes, thus enhancing CPT-induced cell death. Consistent with this, increased degradation of TOP1-DNA covalent complexes was seen in acquired CPT-resistant cells. We found that the resistant cells showed elevated expressions of Cul3, a member of the cullin family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The reduction in Cul3 expression by small interfering RNA decreased degradation of TOP1-DNA covalent complexes. Conversely, Cul3 overexpression by stable transfection promoted covalent complex degradation and reduced CPT-induced cell death without affecting basal TOP1 expression levels. These results indicate that Cul3, by promoting proteasomal degradation of TOP1-DNA covalent complexes, becomes an important regulator for cellular CPT sensitivity.
선조실록과 선조수정실록에 나타난 시대상황과 군공평가 -이순신과 원균을 중심으로- (2011)

우리나라의 대표적 전쟁 영웅은 이순신이다. 이순신도 장기간 여론의 검증을 거쳐 우리민족의 영웅이 되었다. 그러나 여타 영웅과는 달리 이순신의 검증 과정은 길고 지루한 절차를 거쳤다. 그 과정에서 이순신과 원균간의 군공 우열론, 전투 결과 보고의 眞僞問題, 선조의 執權慾, 그리고 시대적 가치관이 군공평가에 반영되어 이순신과 원균이 나란히 선무一等功臣에 오르게...
Development of educational tools: a Web-oriented approach (2002)

This paper deals with the development of educational and website maintenance tools using CGI-Programming and Java. The authors present some basics of CGI-Programming and how "dynamic document generation" can greatly enhance the possibilities of traditional static HTML. Webtools are presented, in the context of a bachelor's degree C++ programming language course at Laval University. This year, over 200 students performed successfully an exam directly over the Net. This evaluation system and some necessary security measures are also presented.
Removal of Endotoxin and Cytokines by Adsorbents and the Effect of Plasma Protein Binding (1991)

High serum levels of endotoxin and cytokines, through which its activity is mediated, have been shown to be associated with disease severity in septic shock and in fulminant hepatic failure. In the present study, we have investigated the ability of activated charcoals (DHP-1 and Adsorba 150C) and uncharged resin (Amberlite XAD-7) to adsorb lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various cytokines, namely tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-α (IFN-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The capacities of the adsorbents were assessed by measurement of their equilibrium adsorption isotherms for these substances labelled with 125 I. There was no single adsorbent that uniformly adsorbed LPS and the cytokines from phosphate buffered saline or human plasma. DHP-1 charcoal was superior to Adsorba 150C for all substances and was the most effective adsorbent for binding LPS, IL-1α and IFN-γ. Amberlite XAD-7 resin was most effective for TNF, IL-6 and IFN-α, but bound little LPS, particularly from human plasma. Ultrafiltration through a membrane which retains substances of molecular weight > 50 kD did not filter the cytokines from human plasma, although the molecular weight of the cytokines range from 17 to 22 kD. This demonstrated that TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IFN-α and IFN-γ readily bind to proteins and/or other large molecules in plasma.
Organic Complementary D Flip-Flops Enabled by Perylene Diimides and Pentacene (2006)

The development of organic complementary circuits has been largely limited by the development of suitable organic n-channel transistors. However, recent advances have led to materials such as the high-mobility air-stable n-channel organic semiconductor, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$N,N^prime$</tex> -bis(n-octyl)-dicyanoperylene-3, 4 : 9, 10-bis(dicarboximide), PDI- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hbox8CN_2$</tex> . Here, the fabrication of an organic complementary D flip-flop using PDI- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hbox8CN_2$</tex> n-channel transistors and pentacene p-channel transistors is described. The measured clock-to-output delay is 25 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhboxs$</tex> for 1 kHz, and 14 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$muhboxs$</tex> at the clock frequency of 5 kHz. This is the fastest clock speed for an organic complementary circuit yet achieved.