gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of android inter-app security vulnerabilities using COVERT (2015)

The state-of-the-art in securing mobile software systems are substantially intended to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities in a single app, but fail to identify vulnerabilities that arise due to the interaction of multiple apps, such as collusion attacks and privilege escalation chaining, shown to be quite common in the apps on the market. This paper demonstrates COVERT, a novel approach and accompanying tool-suite that relies on a hybrid static analysis and lightweight formal analysis technique to enable compositional security assessment of complex software. Through static analysis of Android application packages, it extracts relevant security specifications in an analyzable formal specification language, and checks them as a whole for inter-app vulnerabilities. To our knowledge, COVERT is the first formally-precise analysis tool for automated compositional analysis of Android apps. Our study of hundreds of Android apps revealed dozens of inter-app vulnerabilities, many of which were previously unknown. A video highlighting the main features of the tool can be found at: http://youtu.be/bMKk7OW7dGg.
Titania nanostructure arrays from lithographically defined templates (2010)

We report the fabrication of TiO2 nanostructures with lithographically defined templates. Interferomeric-lithography was used to define soft templates (polymer posts), and a sol-gel solution was deposited on a patterned surface. In the final step, calcination was employed to form uniform low aspect-ratio crystalline nonclose-packed TiO2 nanotube arrays over a large area. Similarly, nanotree arrays and parallel nanotunnels were prepared as well. The position and morphology of TiO2 nanostructures were well controlled. These TiO2 nanostructures have a potential technological importance in clean energy, biosensor, and drug release.
Endothelin-1 gene expression and regulation of endothelin mRNA and protein biosynthesis in avascular human amnion. Potential source of amniotic fluid endothelin. (1991)

We demonstrated previously that preproendothelin mRNA is present in avascular human amnion tissue and in human amnion cells maintained in primary monolayer culture. In this investigation we sought to identify the specific endothelin (ET) gene that is expressed in amnion and to determine whether endothelin is produced by amnion. Using oligonucleotides specific for ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 mRNA, we identified preproET-1 mRNA in human amnion tissue. By radioimmunoassay of ET we found that human amnion tissue explants and amnion cells in culture secrete immunoreactive ET into the medium. PreproET mRNA levels and immunoreactive ET production by human amnion cells in monolayer culture are increased in response to treatment with agents that are known to be present in human amniotic fluid, i.e. epidermal growth factor, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We found that the level of preproET mRNA in amnion cells was low compared with that in human umbilical endothelial cells; treatment with cycloheximide together with a stimulus of ET-1 gene transcription led to a striking increase in the level of preproET mRNA in amnion cells compared with a much weaker response in endothelial cells. These findings suggest that protein synthesis-dependent mechanisms may be of great importance in maintaining low levels of preproET mRNA in amnion tissue and in regulating the amount of preproET mRNA in amnion exposed to stimuli of ET-1 transcription. In addition, we demonstrated that immunoreactive ET is present in human amniotic fluid at the midtrimester of pregnancy and at term. Thus, it is likely that the avascular fetal amnion is one tissue site of origin of ET in amniotic fluid during human pregnancy.
Characterization of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>-Like Bacteria Isolated from Wild Great Apes from Cote d'Ivoire and Cameroon (2006)

We present the microbiological and molecular characterization of bacteria isolated from four chimpanzees and one gorilla thought to have died of an anthrax-like disease in Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon. These isolates differed significantly from classic Bacillus anthracis by the following criteria: motility, resistance to the gamma phage, and, for isolates from Cameroon, resistance to penicillin G. A capsule was expressed not only after induction by CO(2) and bicarbonate but also under normal growth conditions. Subcultivation resulted in beta-hemolytic activity and gamma phage susceptibility in some subclones, suggesting differences in gene regulation compared to classic B. anthracis. The isolates from Côte d'Ivoire and Cameroon showed slight differences in their biochemical characteristics and MICs of different antibiotics but were identical in all molecular features and sequences analyzed. PCR and Southern blot analyses confirmed the presence of both the toxin and the capsule plasmid, with sizes corresponding to the B. anthracis virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. Protective antigen was expressed and secreted into the culture supernatant. The isolates possessed variants of the Ba813 marker and the SG-749 fragment differing from that of classic B. anthracis strains. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a close relationship of our atypical isolates with both classic B. anthracis strains and two uncommonly virulent Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates. We propose that the newly discovered atypical B. anthracis strains share a common ancestor with classic B. anthracis or that they emerged recently by transfer of the B. anthracis plasmids to a strain of the B. cereus group.
Accelerating storage access by combining block storage with memory storage (2015)

Memory storage technologies, such as next generation non-volatile (NV) memory and battery backed NV-DIMM, are emerging. While they provide much higher performance than the current block storage devices, such as SSDs and HDDs, their capacities are limited. Such limitation makes it difficult to adapt memory storage for mass storage; thus, its uses have been limited. This paper proposes a method that combines block storage with memory storage and makes use of memory storage as cache of block storage. The proposed method effectively utilizes the high performance of memory storage and also provides the large capacity of block storage. Therefore, memory storage can be transparently used as a part of mass storage while its low overhead access can accelerate storage performance. The proposed method was implemented as a device driver of the Linux kernel. Its performance evaluation shows that it outperforms a bare SSD drive and a drive that combines memory storage and a SSD by the existing method.
Preparation and Characterization of Tetra-Imidazolium Hydroxide Polyphenylene Membranes via Nickel Catalyzed C–C Coupling Polymerization (2016)

Imidazolium hydroxide anion exchange membranes functionalized with conjugated tetraphenylethylene moieties were synthesized via Ni(0) catalyzed polymerization by sequential chloromethylation, substitution with imidazoliums and ion exchange. Moreover, with their pendant benzoyl groups the copolymers showed high molecular weight, durability, thermo-oxidative stability, high solubility in polar aprotic solvents and strong chemical and thermal stability in comparison to alkyl quaternary ammonium-functionalized polymers. The proposed polymer membranes, without ether linkages, demonstrated improved performance in ion exchange capacity, water uptake, ion conductivity, and thermal stability. The polymer membranes were studied by 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, water uptake, ion exchange capacity and ion conductivity. Surface morphologies were assessed by atomic force microscope (AFM). The synthesized polymers may have applications as fuel cell membranes because of their excellent ion conductivity.
A 96-well plate cell-based assay to quantify undesired cytotoxic effects against quiescent non-dividing cells (2004)

1157 A major issue in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents is the occurrence of undesired toxicity in normal tissues. In fact, toxicity against normal non-dividing cells within the context of affected organs is the most common reason that compounds fail in the clinic. Here we describe the development of an assay to measure cytotoxicity against quiescent, or non-dividing, cells. IMR-90 human lung fibroblasts were plated at 1.0 x 104 cells/well in 96-well plates and grown in EMEM + 10% FBS. After 5 days in culture, media for the now confluent cells was replaced with EMEM + 0.1% FBS for three days to ensure total quiescence. Quiescence was verified using [3H]-thymidine incorporation with signal to noise ratio calculated by the ability of aphidicolin to further reduce signal. Test compounds were plated at final concentrations of 0.03nM to 100uM, and cell viability determined by measuring intracellular ATP after 1-3 days using a luciferase-based monitoring system (ATPLite, Perkin Elmer). Several clinical and laboratory compounds were evaluated in the quiescent IMR-90 cytotoxicity assay including the clinical drugs paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, 5-FU, doxorubicin, etoposide, SN-38 (active metabolite of CPT-11), gemcitabine and mitomycin C, as well as the laboratory tools actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Results indicate that clinical agents which act solely within proliferative phases of the cell cycle show good cytotoxicity windows between cytotoxic effects on quiescent fibroblasts and growth inhibitory effects against proliferating cancer cells. For example, the mitotic blocker paclitaxel inhibits cancer cell growth at low nM concentrations, yet is not cytotoxic to quiescent fibroblasts until approximately 10 μM even after 72 hours. Interestingly, agents such as doxorubicin, mitomycin C, and actinomycin D, which act via direct interactions with nucleic acids, show time-dependent increases in cytotoxicity against quiescent fibroblasts. Overall, results from a spectrum of drugs tested in this assay indicate that agents with mechanisms which are not exclusive to the proliferative phases of the cell cycle will show cytotoxicity towards quiescent fibroblasts. Most assays currently in use examine both cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in dividing cells, whether malignant or nonmalignant. However, assays which can quantify cytotoxic effects against truly non-proliferating cells have not been described. Development of the quiescent IMR-90 cytotoxicity assay to quantify cytotoxicity in non-dividing cells provides an in vitro tool to gauge the likelihood of undesirable cytotoxicity against non-dividing cells. These data may help guide the decision to subject anticancer leads to in vivo evaluation and thus accelerate progression of only the most promising drug candidates toward clinical testing.
Apigenin inhibits VEGF and HIF‐1 expression via PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 and HDM2/p53 pathways (2005)

Apigenin is a nontoxic dietary flavonoid that has been shown to possess anti-tumor properties and therefore poses special interest for the development of a novel chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent for cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death among women. Here we demonstrate that apigenin inhibits expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human ovarian cancer cells. VEGF plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth. We found that apigenin inhibited VEGF expression at the transcriptional level through expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Apigenin inhibited expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF via the PI3K/AKT/p70S6K1 and HDM2/p53 pathways. Apigenin inhibited tube formation in vitro by endothelial cells. These findings reveal a novel role of apigenin in inhibiting HIF-1 and VEGF expression that is important for tumor angiogenesis and growth, identifying new signaling molecules that mediate this regulation.
Automatic Prostate Cancer Segmentation Using Kinetic Analysis in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI. (2018)

The proposed segmentation algorithm in this work can potentially be implemented for automatic prostate lesion detection in a computer aided diagnosis scheme and combined with morphologic features to increase diagnostic credibility.
Performance study of a multipath routing method for wireless mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile computers forming a temporary network without any existing wire line infrastructure. Due to the dynamic nature of the network topology and the resource constraints, routing in MANETs is a challenging task. Multipath routing can increase end-to-end throughput and provide load balancing in wired networks. However, its advantage is not obvious in MANETs because the traffic along the multiple paths may interfere with each other . In addition, without accurate knowledge of topology, finding multiple disjoint paths is difficult. We propose an on-demand method to efficiently search for multiple node-disjoint paths and present the criteria for selecting the multiple paths. We also perform a simulation study on the proposed method. The purpose of this paper is to present the advantages as well as some difficulties of deploying multipath routing in MANETs.
A Study on Combustion Patterns of Flammable Liquids by Contained Oil Test (2014)

본 연구는 인화성 액체를 특정 용기에 담유하고 구획된 공간에서 연소 실험을 실시하여 연소 패턴을 분석하는 데 있다. 담유 실험에 사용된 용기는 깊이 20 mm, 넓이 150 mm의 플라스틱이다. 화염이 착화되어 연소되는 과정은 디지털카메라(digital camera) 및 비디오카메라(video camera)를 이용하여 확보하였다. 화염이 최성기에 도달하는 속도는 벤젠이 가장 빠르고 약 60 s이다. 반면 가장 늦게 것은 알코올이었으며 약 360.0 s로 6배 정도 차이가 있었다. 화염이 최성기에 도달하였을 때 플라스틱 용기와 인화성 액체가 동시에 연소됨에 따라 연기는 대부분 검정색이었다. 연소가 완료된 후유증 검지관(crime investigation tube)을 이용하여 유증을 조사한 결과 대두유를 제외한 모든 인화성 물질에서 유증 채취가 가능했다. 즉, 연소 물질의 종류에 따라 화재의 확산 속도 및 패턴 등에 큰 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze combustion patterns by filling a specific container with a flammable liquid and performing combustion tests in a divided space. The container used for the test is made of plastic, 20 mm in depth and 150 mm in width. After the liquid was ignited, its combustion process was photographed using a digital camera and video camera. It was found that in the case of benzene, the flame reached its peak at the fastest speed about 60 s while in the case of alcohol, the flame reached its peak at the lowest speed about 360 s, which is approximately six times slower than the benzene. In most cases, when the flame reached its peak, smoke generated was dark as the plastic container and flammable liquid were combusted simultaneously. After completion of the combustion, it was possible to sample oil vapor from all flammable liquids excluding soybean oil as a result of the examination of oil vapor using a crime investigation tube. That is, it can be seen that there is significant difference in flame propagation speed, pattern, etc., depending on the combustible substances.
Rindopepimut (2013)

Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is among the most difficult cancers to treat. Despite the aggressive standard of care, including surgical removal followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy, the often sudden onset, diffuse infiltrating nature and highly malignant features of the lesion result in a median overall survival of < 15 months. Currently employed standard- of-care therapy for glioblastoma is nonspecific, leading to premature withdrawal of treatment due to off-target toxicity. Rindopepimut is a peptide-based vaccine that elicits a potent humoral and cellular immune response specifically against cells expressing EGFRvIII, a rearranged, cell-surface tyrosine kinase receptor present exclusively in glioblastoma and other common neoplasms. Several phase I and phase II clinical trials have demonstrated that vaccination with rindopepimut is safe, well tolerated and produces a highly potent immune response that effectively eradicates EGFRvIII-expressing tumor cells, leading to a 73% increase in survival among patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Furthermore, temozolomide-induced lymphopenia enhances the rindopepimut-induced immune response against EGFRvIII, allowing for enhanced vaccination responses in the context of standard-of-care chemotherapy. Rindopepimut is currently undergoing evaluation in a phase III international trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma and is under clinical investigation for recurrent glioblastoma and pediatric brain stem gliomas.
Content-aware cooperative multiple access (2008)

The previous chapter studied the effects and use of cooperation on the multiple access channel. In this chapter we look further into using the properties of the source traffic to improve the efficiency of cooperative multiple access. Because the presentation in this chapter is highly dependent on the characteristics of the source, we will focus on the communication of packet speech. Nevertheless, the main underlying ideas can be extended to other types of sources.
Parasitic energy barriers in SiGe HBTs (1991)

Parasitic energy barriers can easily be introduced during processing. Measurements and calculations of experimental n-p-n HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors) are presented, showing that a parasitic conduction-band barrier at the base-collector junction reduces the collector current and the cutoff frequency. A simple analytical model explains the f/sub T/ degradation, caused by the reduction of the collector current and a pileup of minority carriers in the base. With the model the effective height and width of the barrier can also be derived from the measured collector current enhancement factor I/sub C/(SiGe)/I/sub C/(Si).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Functional reconstitution of membrane proteins in monolayer liposomes from bipolar lipids of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. (1992)

Membranes of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, an extreme thermophilic archaebacterium, are composed of unusual bipolar lipids. They consist of macrocyclic tetraethers with two polar heads linked by two hydrophobic C40 phytanyl chains which are thought to be arranged as a monolayer in the cytoplasmic membrane. Fractionation of a total lipid-extract from S. acidocaldarius yielded a lipid fraction which forms closed and stable unilamellar liposomes in aqueous media. Beef heart cytochrome c-oxidase could be functionally reconstituted in these liposomes. In the presence of reduced cytochrome c, a protonmotive force (delta p) across the liposomal membrane was generated of up to -92 mV. Upon fusion of these proteoliposomes with membrane vesicles of Lactococcus lactis, the delta p generated by cytochrome c-oxidase activity was capable to drive uphill transport of leucine. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that the tetraether lipids form a single monolayer liposome. The results demonstrate that tetraether lipids of archaebacteria can form a suitable matrix for the function of exogenous membrane proteins originating from a regular lipid bilayer.
Beam Selection Gain Versus Antenna Selection Gain (2011)

We consider beam selection using a fixed beamforming network (FBN) at a base station with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> array antennas. In our setting, a Butler matrix is deployed at the RF stage to form <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> beams, and then the best beam is selected for transmission. We introduce some properties of the noncentral chi-square distribution and prove the resulting properties of the beam selection gain verifying that beam selection is superior to antenna selection in Rician channels with any <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -factors. Furthermore, we find asymptotically tight stochastic bounds of the beam selection gain, which yield approximate closed form expressions of the expected selection gain and the ergodic capacity. Beam selection has the order of growth of the ergodic capacity Θ(log <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> ) regardless of user location in contrast to Θ(log(log <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> )) for antenna selection.
Structure of Glutamate Receptors (2007)

Glutamate receptors mediate a vast array of processes in plants, animals and bacteria. In particular, the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. Because these proteins are constructed from distinct folding domains, most of which can be traced to bacterial precursors, the analyses of these important receptor proteins has been performed on a variety of levels ranging from atomic structure and dynamics to behavioral studies. This review will focus on the structure and dynamics of iGluRs, with particular emphasis on the role that the glutamate-binding domain (S1S2) plays in receptor function.
O efeito placebo no desempenho de praticantes de musculação (2016)

The aim of the research was to analyze placebo effect in the bodybuilding people. Methodology: Thirteen body building people, who practice it for at least two years, will be engaged in tests which comprise 10 repetitions of the supine exercise and, after an interval; these individuals will endeavor one single series of exhaustion with 80% maximum load attained. Upon each test, they showed the sensitivity to pain according to the Cr10 Borg’s measurement standard. After 48 hours the individuals will be encourage experience outcomes similar to those accomplished with the use of amino acids expected to boost strength and performance. In the end they will repeat the procedure taking the placebo as vitamin supplement. The results show that hears an improvement in strength, so that they would exceed the maximum load of 10 replications, showing that the placebo was effective. Already on exhaustion test using the maximum load of individuals can be seen that there has been no improvement, one of the possible reasons may have been short pause time between sets. With all concluded that the placebo effect may indeed come to pass with individuals studied, but the confidence that the student has with the teacher must be very large, so that he can believe what he is taking will actually improve your performance in your sport. Many of the studies found in the literature today talk about the Placebo Effect VS some kind of supplement (Creatine, Whey Protein, etc.), and this research aimed to study the effect than placebo on the performance of practitioners of bodybuilding.
Signal processing by its coil zipper domain activates IKKγ (2008)

NF-kappaB activation occurs upon degradation of its inhibitor I-kappaB and requires prior phosphorylation of the inhibitor by I-kappaB kinase (IKK). Activity of IKK is governed by its noncatalytic subunit IKKgamma. Signaling defects due to missense mutations in IKKgamma have been correlated to its inability to either become ubiquitylated or bind ubiquitin noncovalently. Because the relative contribution of these events to signaling had remained unknown, we have studied mutations in the coil-zipper (CoZi) domain of IKKgamma that either impair signaling or cause constitutive NF-kappaB activity. Certain signaling-deficient alleles neither bound ubiquitin nor were they ubiquitylated by TRAF6. Introducing an activating mutation into those signaling-impaired alleles restored their ubiquitylation and created mutants constitutively activating NF-kappaB without repairing the ubiquitin-binding defect. Constitutive activity therefore arises downstream of ubiquitin binding but upstream of ubiquitylation. Such constitutive activity reveals a signal-processing function for IKKgamma beyond that of a mere ubiquitin-binding adaptor. We propose that this signal processing may involve homophilic CoZi interactions as suggested by the enhanced affinity of CoZi domains from constitutively active IKKgamma.