gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and conformation of 3′-O,4′-C-methyleneribonucleosides, novel bicyclic nucleoside analogues for 2′,5′-linked oligonucleotide modification (1997)

Novel bicyclic nucleoside analogues 3′-O,4′-C-methyleneribonucleosides 1 are conveniently prepared starting from uridine; the sugar puckering of 1 is found to be nearly in the S-conformation by means of PM3 calculations and 1 H NMR studies.
Feedback-Resistant Acetohydroxy Acid Synthase Increases Valine Production in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2005)

Acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS), which catalyzes the key reactions in the biosynthesis pathways of branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and leucine), is regulated by the end products of these pathways. The whole Corynebacterium glutamicum ilvBNC operon, coding for acetohydroxy acid synthase (ilvBN) and aceto hydroxy acid isomeroreductase (ilvC), was cloned in the newly constructed Escherichia coli-C. glutamicum shuttle vector pECKA (5.4 kb, Km(r)). By using site-directed mutagenesis, one to three amino acid alterations (mutations M8, M11, and M13) were introduced into the small (regulatory) AHAS subunit encoded by ilvN. The activity of AHAS and its inhibition by valine, isoleucine, and leucine were measured in strains carrying the ilvBNC operon with mutations on the plasmid or the ilvNM13 mutation within the chromosome. The enzyme containing the M13 mutation was feedback resistant to all three amino acids. Different combinations of branched-chain amino acids did not inhibit wild-type AHAS to a greater extent than was measured in the presence of 5 mM valine alone (about 57%). We infer from these results that there is a single binding (allosteric) site for all three amino acids in the enzyme molecule. The strains carrying the ilvNM13 mutation in the chromosome produced more valine than their wild-type counterparts. The plasmid-free C. glutamicum DeltailvA DeltapanB ilvNM13 strain formed 90 mM valine within 48 h of cultivation in minimal medium. The same strain harboring the plasmid pECKAilvBNC produced as much as 130 mM valine under the same conditions.
<title>Design of the infrared fast steering mirror chopping control system for the Keck II Telescope</title> (1998)

The Keck 2 ten meter telescope will utilize an advanced chopping secondary mirror in order to enhance observations in the infrared. The Infrared Fast Steering Mirror (IFSM) can execute a square-wave chop at frequencies as high as 25 Hz with an accuracy of +/- 0.1 arcsec. Chopping can be synchronized by focal plane instruments, and the system can simultaneously perform high-performance chopping as well as beam-steering (for atmospheric correction), providing the Keck telescope with greatly enhanced capability. Details of design, testing, and performance of the Keck 2 IFSM are presented in this paper. The mirror is controlled by three voice coil actuators. Reaction forces generated by the actuators are absorbed by a reaction mass suspended from the main IFSM structure. Motor driven springs are used to minimize power dissipation in the actuators. The IFSM all- digital control system uses a unique adaptive algorithm that forces the mirror to precisely follow the commanded chop waveform. Tests use various computerized instruments: a three-axis laser interferometer for calibration and stability, a 6-axis dynamometer to evaluate reaction forces transmitted to the telescope. In addition to specifics of the design, performance, and testing, a video illustrating details of the IFSM hardware and showing it in operation will be presented.
Predicting the Intelligibility of Noisy and Nonlinearly Processed Binaural Speech (2016)

Objective speech intelligibility measures are gaining popularity in the development of speech enhancement algorithms and speech processing devices such as hearing aids. Such devices may process the input signals nonlinearly and modify the binaural cues presented to the user. We propose a method for predicting the intelligibility of noisy and nonlinearly processed binaural speech. This prediction is based on the noisy and processed signal as well as a clean speech reference signal. The method is obtained by extending a modified version of the short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) measure with a modified equalization-cancellation (EC) stage. We evaluate the performance of the method by comparing the predictions with measured intelligibility from four listening experiments. These comparisons indicate that the proposed measure can provide accurate predictions of (1) the intelligibility of diotic speech with an accuracy similar to that of the original STOI measure, (2) speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in conditions with a frontal target speaker and a single interferer in the horizontal plane, (3) SRTs in conditions with a frontal target and a single interferer when ideal time frequency segregation (ITFS) is applied to the left and right ears separately, and (4) the advantage of two-microphone beamforming as applied in state-of-the-art hearing aids. A MATLAB implementation of the proposed measure is available online <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Self-assembled oxide films with tailored nanoscale ionic and electronic channels for controlled resistive switching (2016)

Resistive switches are non-volatile memory cells based on nano-ionic redox processes that offer energy efficient device architectures and open pathways to neuromorphics and cognitive computing. However, channel formation typically requires an irreversible, not well controlled electroforming process, giving difficulty to independently control ionic and electronic properties. The device performance is also limited by the incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we report a novel memristive model material system based on self-assembled Sm-doped CeO2 and SrTiO3 films that allow the separate tailoring of nanoscale ionic and electronic channels at high density (∼10(12) inch(-2)). We systematically show that these devices allow precise engineering of the resistance states, thus enabling large on-off ratios and high reproducibility. The tunable structure presents an ideal platform to explore ionic and electronic mechanisms and we expect a wide potential impact also on other nascent technologies, ranging from ionic gating to micro-solid oxide fuel cells and neuromorphics.
Demonstration of a reconfigurable beamformer for simplified 2-D time-steered arrays (2002)

We present the first demonstration of a 2-D, true-time delay, transmit beamformer based on a novel technique that dynamically maps a 1-D beamformer's output onto the input plane of an antenna array producing 2-D steering. This significantly reduces system complexity. The reconfigurable beamformer exhibits squint-free, /spl plusmn/70/spl deg/ azimuth and elevation steering over 4-20 GHz.
Increasing Sensitivity In Continuous-Flow Electrophoresis (1994)

Sensitivity of continuous-flow electrophoresis (CFE) chamber increased by introducing lateral gradients in concentration of buffer solution and thickness of chamber. Such gradients, with resulting enhanced separation, achieved in CFE chamber with wedge-shaped cross section and collateral flow. Enables improved separations of homogeneous components of mixtures of variety of biologically important substances.
Fault Location on Double-Circuit Series-Compensated Lines Using Two-End Unsynchronized Measurements (2011)

This paper presents an accurate fault-location algorithm for double-circuit series-compensated lines. Use of two-end current and voltage signals is taken into account and a more general case of unsynchronized measurements is studied. Different options for analytical synchronization of the measurements are considered. The algorithm applies two subroutines, designated for locating faults on particular line sections, and in addition, the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine. The subroutines are formulated with the use of the generalized fault-loop model, leading to compact formulas. Consideration of the distributed parameter line model ensures high accuracy of the fault location. The proposed selection procedure allows for reliable selection of the valid subroutine. The developed fault-location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals taken from Alternate Transients Program-Electromagnetic Transients Program versatile simulations of faults on a double-circuit series-compensated transmission line. The presented fault-location evaluation shows the validity of the derived fault-location algorithm and its high accuracy.
Gate-assisted turn-off thyristor (1978)

1,000-volt, 200-ampere gate-assisted turn-off thyristor has been developed for power circuits requiring high efficiency, small size, and low weight. Design features include shunted cathode for high dV/dt capability. Cathode in interdigitated with dynamic gate for fast, low-loss switching. Operating frequency exceeds 20 kHz with overall energy dissipation of less that 12 mJ per pulse for typical 20-microsecond half-sine waveform. Device has turn-on time of 2 microseconds and turn-off time as short as 3 microseconds with only 2 amperes of gate drive.
Low-level motion activity features for semantic characterization of video (2002)

Efficient methods of content characterization for the browsing, retrieval or filtering of vast amount of digital video content has become a necessity. Still, there is a gap between the computationally available measures of content characteristics and the semantic interpretations of these characteristics. We want to establish connections between motion activity characteristics of video segments and the semantic characterization of them. For this purpose, two simple descriptors for motion activity of video content is used to infer high-level semantic features of video in certain contexts. One of these descriptors, monotonous activity, is defined as the average block-based motion vector magnitude. The second descriptor, nonmonotonous activity, is an approximation to the average temporal derivative of motion vectors. Simulation results for browsing and retrieval applications show that by using the two measures together, object motions that occur close to the camera can be distinguished from distant ones. Also by using the two descriptors together, we are able to differentiate between high activity due to camera motion and high activity due to dancing people. Hence, these simple descriptors, especially when used to complete each other, promise to provide important clues about semantics of a video.
Hexagonal waveguides: New class of waveguides for mm-wave circulaly polarized horns (2018)

In this work, we develop a class of broadband circularly polarized (CP) horn antennas that are realizable at sub-mm-wave and terahertz frequencies. Here, the underlying technology is a hexagonal waveguide that act as linear to circular polarizer enabling the generation circularly polarized (CP) wave in a waveguide environment. We have developed analytical models to characterize these waveguides and thus optimize the designs of CP horns. The optimized designs have shown 3dB axial-ratio bandwidths upto 30-40% with 18-21 dBi gain in WR-8 band.
Single-stage input-current-shaping technique with voltage-doubler-rectifier front end (1999)

In this paper, a new single-stage input-current-shaping (ICS) technique that integrates the voltage-doubler-rectifier front end with a DC/DC output stage is introduced. Due to the voltage-doubler-rectifier front end, the reduction of line-current harmonics can be achieved with a higher conversion efficiency compared to the corresponding single-stage ICS circuit with the conventional wide-range full-bridge rectifier. In addition, the proposed technique requires energy-storage capacitors with a lower voltage rating and smaller total capacitance than the conventional single-stage ICS counterpart, which reduces the size and cost of the power supply. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on a 100 W (5 V/20 A) experimental prototype circuit.
An Alkaline Amylopullulanase from Alkalophilic<i>Bacillus</i>sp. KSM-1378; Kinetic Evidence for Two Independent Active Sites for the<i>α</i>-1,4 and<i>α</i>-1,6 Hydrolytic Reactions (1995)

Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-1378 produces an alkaline amylopullulanase that hydrolyzes both α-1,4 linkages in amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen and α-1,6 linkages in pullulan. The hydrolytic activities against amylose and pullulan were specifically inhibited by maltotriose (Ki = 0.5 mM), isomaltitol (Ki = 5.2 mM), and methyl α-D-galactoside (Ki = 40 mM) and by β-cyclodextrin (Ki = 0.9 mM), α-cyclodextrin (Ki = 11 mM), and raffinose (Ki = 31 mM), respectively, in a competitive manner in each case. Inhibition by N-bromosuccinimide of the α-amylase activity was prevented by amylose but not by pullulan, while inhibition by N-bromosuccinimide of the pullulanase activity was prevented by pullulan but not by amylose. Kinetics of reactions in the simultaneous presence of amylose and pullulan indicated that the observed rates of formation of products closely matched those predicted by a kientic model in which the α-1,4 and α-1,6 hydrolytic reactions were catalyzed at two independent active sites. Incubation of the enzyme at 40°C and pH 9.0 caused complete inactivation of the amylase activity within 4 days, but the pullulanase activity remained at the original level under the same conditions. This alkaline amylopullulanase can, therefore, be considered to be a “two-headed” enzyme molecule.
A Combination of the Arabidopsis DREB1A Gene and Stress-Inducible rd29A Promoter Improved Drought- and Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Tobacco by Gene Transfer (2004)

The transcription factor DREB1A/CBF3 specifically interacts with the dehydration responsive element (DRE/CRT) and induces expression of genes involved in environmental stress tolerance in Arabidopsis: Overexpression of DREB1A improved drought- and low-temperature stress tolerance in tobacco. The stress-inducible rd29A promoter minimized the negative effects on the plant growth in tobacco. Furthermore, we detected overexpression of stress-inducible target genes of DREB1A in tobacco. These results indicate that a combination of the rd29A promoter and DREB1A is useful for improvement of various kinds of transgenic plants that are tolerant to environmental stress.
Signal Processing for Real-Time DNA Microarrays (2007)

In conventional fluorescent-based microarrays, data is acquired after the completion of the hybridization phase. In this phase the target analytes (i.e., DNA fragments) bind to the capturing probes on the array and supposedly reach a steady state. Accordingly, microarray experiments essentially provide only a single, steady-state data point of the hybridization process. On the other hand, a novel technique (i.e., real-time microarrays) capable of recording the kinetics of hybridization in fluorescent-based microarrays has recently been proposed in A. Hassibi, et al., (2007). The richness of the information obtained therein promises higher signal-to-noise ratio, smaller estimation error, and broader assay detection dynamic range compared to the conventional microarrays. In the current paper, we model the kinetics of the hybridization process measured by the realtime microarrays, and develop techniques for estimating the amounts of analytes present therein.
1.4nm gold cluster labeling of tRNA and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (1992)

A new 1.4 nm gold cluster that is stable, water soluble, and can be covalently linked to specific sites has recently been described. Previous applications have coupled this gold to Fab’ fragments to make one of the smallest EM immunolabels yet developed. This gold differs from colloidal gold significantly: it does not aggregate proteins by non-specific binding; binding is covalent and to a specific residue (e.g., thiol, amine, or carboxyl); it is very uniform in size; its small size makes it a high resolution marker.
Hierarchically Clustered P2P Streaming System (2007)

Peer-to-peer video streaming has been gaining popularity. However, it is still challenging to manage a P2P system efficiently to support high video playback rate. In this paper, we propose HCPS - Hierarchically Clustered P2P Streaming system that can support a streaming rate approaching the optimum upper bound with short delay, yet is simple enough to be implemented in practice. In HCPS, the peers are grouped into clusters and a hierarchy is formed among clusters to retrieve video data from the source server. By actively balancing the uploading capacities among clusters, and executing the perfect scheduling algorithm [1] within each cluster, the system resource can be fully utilized. The simulation experiments driven by the traces collected from a real P2P streaming system demonstrate the effectiveness of HCPS.
Excimer Laser Projection Photoablation Patterning of Metal Thin Films for Fabrication of Microelectronic Devices and Displays (2008)

A nonlithographic process is demonstrated for patterning Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Ti, and W thin films, which are widely used in microelectronic and display fabrication. A projection photoablation process using 248-nm-deep ultraviolet radiation from a KrF excimer laser was used to pattern a polyimide film coated on a SiN layer deposited on glass. The photoablation-patterned polyimide film was used as a sacrificial layer in a lift-off patterning process for the metal films, which resulted in clean metal patterns with fine line-edge definition being fabricated after lift-off. This process provides a simpler and more economical patterning technique compared to conventional lithography methods, eliminating the developing and etching steps.
Adding functionality to fibre Bragg gratings (2002)

Until recently, research on optical fibre Bragg gratings has focused mainly on optimizing the fabrication of "plain" gratings, i.e. gratings with uniform amplitude and period. Grating lengths have also been limited by the size and shape of the writing beam, precluding fabrication of more complex structures. It is possible, however, to use more advanced writing and post-processing techniques to fabricate complex grating structures, whose response can be tailored to meet specific needs. We give some examples here of recent work done by the gratings group at the Optical Fibre Technology Centre, University of Sydney, Australia.
Electrochemical ozone generation for detoxification of groundwater (1995)

This paper describes the design and field testing of a process that uses electrochemically-generated ozone combined with ultraviolet light for removing micropollutants from hazardous waste water. In addition, a two week on site field test of the system was conducted using ground water contaminated with trichloroethylene.
The attachments of the anteromedial and posterolateral fibre bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (2007)

The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical locations of the femoral attachments of the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Twenty-two human cadaver knees with intact ACLs were used. The femoral attachments of the two bundles were identified, marked and photographed. They were measured and described in terms of the o'clock positions parallel to the femoral long axis and parallel to the roof of the intercondylar notch. The centres of the bundles were also measured in a high-low and a superficial-deep manner referencing from the centre of the posterior femoral condyle, and with respect to their positions within a measurement grid defined in this study. The bulk of the AM bundle was attached between the 9.30 and 11.30 o'clock positions and the PL bundle between the 8.30 and 10 o'clock positions. The AM and PL bundles were consistently found in specific zones of the measurement grid. Using the posterior condyle reference method, the centre of the AM bundle was at 68 +/- 7% (range 57-78) in a shallow-deep direction and 55 +/- 5% (44-62) in a high-low direction. The PL bundle was found at 56 +/- 8% (40-73) in a shallow-deep direction, and 62 +/- 7.0% (40-70) in a high-low direction. The attachment was oriented at 37 degrees to the femoral long axis. The results from this study could be used to guide ACL reconstruction techniques.
Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction and Purification Using a Miniature Ultrasonic Technique (2017)

Miniature ultrasonic lysis for biological sample preparation is a promising technique for efficient and rapid extraction of nucleic acids and proteins from a wide variety of biological sources. Acoustic methods achieve rapid, unbiased, and efficacious disruption of cellular membranes while avoiding the use of harsh chemicals and enzymes, which interfere with detection assays. In this work, a miniature acoustic nucleic acid extraction system is presented. Using a miniature bulk acoustic wave (BAW) transducer array based on 36° Y-cut lithium niobate, acoustic waves were coupled into disposable laminate-based microfluidic cartridges. To verify the lysing effectiveness, the amount of liberated ATP and the cell viability were measured and compared to untreated samples. The relationship between input power, energy dose, flow-rate, and lysing efficiency were determined. DNA was purified on-chip using three approaches implemented in the cartridges: a silica-based sol-gel silica-bead filled microchannel, nucleic acid binding magnetic beads, and Nafion-coated electrodes. Using <i>E. coli,</i> the lysing dose defined as ATP released per joule was 2.2× greater, releasing 6.1× more ATP for the miniature BAW array compared to a bench-top acoustic lysis system. An electric field-based nucleic acid purification approach using Nafion films yielded an extraction efficiency of 69.2% in 10 min for 50 µL samples.
Nonlinear contradirectional coupler (1998)

Results of room-temperature experiments with a multiple-quantum-well, nonlinear, contradirectional coupler are reported. A power-dependent, contradirectional coupling condition is demonstrated, inducing an optically controlled switching of optical signals, with a switching energy of 1 pJ.
Primary Immunoprevention of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma by Vaccination against the Extracellular Domain of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor II (2017)

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most prevalent form of ovarian cancer in the United States, representing approximately 85% of all cases and causing more deaths than any other gynecologic malignancy. We propose that optimized control of EOC requires the incorporation of a vaccine capable of inducing safe and effective preemptive immunity in cancer-free women. In addition, we hypothesize that ovarian-specific self-proteins that are "retired" from autoimmune-inducing expression levels as ovaries age but are expressed at high levels in emerging EOC may serve as vaccine targets for mediating safe and effective primary immunoprevention. Here, we show that expression of the extracellular domain of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor II (AMHR2-ED) in normal tissues is confined exclusively to the human ovary, drops to nonautoimmune inducing levels in postmenopausal ovaries, and is at high levels in approximately 90% of human EOC. We found that AMHR2-ED vaccination significantly inhibits growth of murine EOC and enhances overall survival without inducing oophoritis in aged female mice. The observed inhibition of EOC growth was mediated substantially by induction of AMHR2-ED-specific IgG antibodies that agonize receptor signaling of a Bax/caspase-3-dependent proapoptotic cascade. Our results indicate that AMHR2-ED vaccination may be particularly useful in providing safe and effective preemptive immunity against EOC in women at high genetic or familial risk who have the greatest need for a preventive vaccine and ultimately in cancer-free postmenopausal women who account for 75% of all EOC cases. <i>Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 612-24. ©2017 AACR</i><i>See related editorial by Shoemaker et al., p. 607</i>.