gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handwritten Numeral Recognition Using Personal Handwriting Characteristics Based On Clustering Method (1996)

To improve recognition rate, it is important not only to utilize one character feature but personal handwriting characteristics. This paper realizes above approach based on our investigation result that characters written by the same writer have similar shapes and that there are several shapes even in the same category. In our method, clustering method is used to absorb the variance of character shapes in the category. First, character recognition for each character is executed. Next, misrecognized character candidates are extracted as isolated cluster by within-category clustering. Then, recognition results of the extracted characters are amended by between-category clustering which evaluates the distance between the cluster composed of misrecognized characters and the cluster composed of correctly recognized characters in every categories. Finally, experimental results shows that recognition rate is remarkably improved by our method.
Influence of Plasticizers on Thermal and Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Soy-Based Bioplastics (2006)

Bioplastics from soy protein and biodegradable polyester amide with plasticizers including glycerol, d-sorbitol, and blends of these two have been made using extrusion and injection molding. The thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphologies of the soy-based bioplastics were evaluated with a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), a united testing system (UTS), and an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The influence of plasticizers on the physical properties of the soy-based bioplastics was determined. It was found that sorbitol-plasticized soy-based bioplastic (SSBP) had a higher tensile modulus and tensile strength than glycerol-plasticized soy-based bioplastic (GSBP). GSBP had the highest impact strength, whereas SSBP had the highest thermal stability. The mixed plasticized soy-based bioplastic (MSBP) that was obtained using a mixture of glycerol and d-sorbitol showed an intermediate range of tensile modulus and tensile strength values in comparison to those of SSBP and GSBP. The ESEM results suggested that SSBP had brittle fracture features, whereas GSBP had local ductile fracture features, which is consistent with the results obtained for the mechanical properties. The glass transition temperatures from DMA measurements of the soy protein and polyester amide in the soy-based bioplastics differed from those of the neat components. Using Fox equation calculations, this was interpreted as compatibility between the soy protein and polyester amide, which causes thermal and mechanical changes in different soy-based bioplastics.
Single-Shot Specular Surface Reconstruction with Gonio-Plenoptic Imaging (2015)

We present a gonio-plenoptic imaging system that realizes a single-shot shape measurement for specular surfaces. The system is comprised of a collimated illumination source and a plenoptic camera. Unlike a conventional plenoptic camera, our system captures the BRDF variation of the object surface in a single image in addition to the light field information from the scene, which allows us to recover very fine 3D structures of the surface. The shape of the surface is reconstructed based on the reflectance property of the material rather than the parallax between different views. Since only a single-shot is required to reconstruct the whole surface, our system is able to capture dynamic surface deformation in a video mode. We also describe a novel calibration technique that maps the light field viewing directions from the object space to subpixels on the sensor plane. The proposed system is evaluated using a concave mirror with known curvature, and is compared to a parabolic mirror scanning system as well as a multi-illumination photometric stereo approach based on simulations and experiments.
Customer-centric energy usage data management and sharing in smart grid systems (2013)

A recent study revealed that fine-grained energy usage data could potentially leak sensitive information about an electricity customer. On the other hand, a number of online service providers utilizing such data have emerged and improved effectiveness of smart grid technologies (for instance, demand-response aggregators), and therefore sharing of data is getting popular. In this work, we propose a customer-centric framework to manage, store, and share energy usage data in a privacy-enhanced way. We present a mechanism to enable customers to flexibly control the amount of energy usage information disclosed while still allowing third-party service providers to be convinced of the authenticity of data. A prototype implementation using the widely used Green Button data model is presented and evaluated. We further discuss the design of a demand-response aggregation service on top of the proposed framework.
Experimental Evaluation of Frequency Regulation From Commercial Building HVAC Systems (2015)

Automated demand response can be a valuable resource for ancillary services in the power grid. This paper illustrates this value with the first experimental demonstration of frequency regulation from commercial building heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The experiments were conducted in Pugh Hall, a 40000 sq. ft. commercial building located at the University of Florida. Detailed are the steps required to make this possible, including control architecture, system identification, and control design. Experiments demonstrate: that satisfactory frequency regulation service can be provided by the HVAC system without noticeable effect on the indoor climate, and the ancillary service provided by this system passes the qualification criteria for participating in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) interconnection's frequency regulation market.
On using an associative memory for improving digital color images: color characterization, enhancement, and color balancing (2006)

Actual observed scenes usually produce a wide dynamic range. Currently available visual systems use low dynamic range light detector that provide only 8 bits of brightness information at each pixel. This greatly limits what visual systems can do for surveillance applications such as face detection and face recognition. A color image enhancement procedure based on the concept of color characterization, enhancement, and color balancing is proposed in this paper. The enhancement technique directly operates on pixels using a hyperbolic tangent function to increase the dynamic range of the pixel. The global and local statistics of the image is used to control the curvature of the hyperbolic tangent function. The color characterization and color balancing processes are based on a new nonlinear line attractor network to create a color manifold to restore the relationship of red, green, and blue components of the pixels. The proposed enhancement approach greatly improves the dynamic range compression and color rendition of an image.
Co-ordination behaviour of a novel tristhiourea tripodal ligand; structural variations in a series of transition metal complexes (2016)

The co-ordination chemistry of a tristhiourea tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligand () with a series of transition metal ions has been investigated. Crystallographic data show that large metal ions, with no geometrical preferences, such as Mn(ii) and Cd(ii), will form seven co-ordinate monocapped octahedral complexes, while smaller metal ions such as Zn(ii) favour five co-ordinate trigonal bipyramidal structures. In a similar manner to the related bisthiourea complexes, the Ni(ii) complex shows a strong preference for octahedral geometries resulting in the ligand binding asymmetrically. Spectroscopic (IR and NMR), spectrometric (MS) as well as electrochemical data for these complexes are reported.
Unmutated and mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemias derive from self-reactive B cell precursors despite expressing different antibody reactivity (2005)

B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of expanding monoclonal B cells whose B cell receptor (BCR) mutational status defines 2 subgroups; patients with mutated BCRs have a more favorable prognosis than those with unmutated BCRs. CLL B cells express a restricted BCR repertoire including antibodies with quasi-identical complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), which suggests specific antigen recognition. The antigens recognized by CLL antibodies may include autoantigens since about half of CLL B cells produce autoreactive antibodies. However, the distribution of autoreactive antibodies between Ig heavy-chain variable-unmutated (IgV-unmutated) CLL (UM-CLL) and IgV-mutated CLL (M-CLL) is unknown. To determine the role of antibody reactivity and the impact of somatic hypermutation (SHM) on CLL antibody specificity, we cloned and expressed in vitro recombinant antibodies from M- and UM-CLL B cells and tested their reactivity by ELISA. We found that UM-CLL B cells expressed highly polyreactive antibodies whereas most M-CLL B cells did not. When mutated nonautoreactive CLL antibody sequences were reverted in vitro to their germline counterparts, they encoded polyreactive and autoreactive antibodies. We concluded that both UM-CLLs and M-CLLs originate from self-reactive B cell precursors and that SHM plays an important role in the development of the disease by altering original BCR autoreactivity.
307 Van der Pol type self-excited oscillation of AFM micro cantilever by using integral controller (2008)

Usage of self-excitation as an excitation method has been proposed for vibration machines as well as the cantilever-probe in an atomic force microscopy (AFM). The amplitude control is carried out by producing the dynamics of the van der Pol oscillator in the cantilever. The control has been performed by applying nonlinear feedback proportional to the squared angle and the angular velocity. In this study, we propose a new control method which has high performance even in the high-frequency range and realize van der Pol oscillator in the cantilever with laterally exited fixed end by not using differential of the measurement signal, but integral control with respect to the angle at the tip of the cantilever. This control method is demonstrated by our own making analog electrical circuit. Then, the steady state amplitude of self-excited oscillation with amplitude of 4nm is experimentally realized.
Advances in Plant−Nematode Interactions with Emphasis on the Notorious Nematode Genus <i>Meloidogyne</i> (2019)

Plant infections by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) continue to be one of the major limitations in agricultural systems. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), belonging to the genus <i>Meloidogyne</i>, are one of the most important groups of PPNs worldwide. Their wide host range combined with ubiquitous presence, continues to provide challenges for their control and breeding for resistance. Although resistance to RKNs has been identified, incorporation of these resistances into crops and durability of the resistance remains challenging. In addition, progress in cloning of RKN resistance genes has been dismal. Recent identification of pattern-triggered immunity in roots against nematodes, an ascaroside as a nematode-associated molecular pattern (NAMP) and the discovery of a NAMP plant receptor, provide tools and opportunities to develop durable host resistance against nematodes including RKNs.
Tactical Line-of-Sight Path Reliability: Improved MSE System Procedures (1992)

Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) provides digital voice, data, and packet-switched tactical communications for Army corps and division areas of coverage deployed anywhere in the world. Line-of-sight (LOS) links in MSE must operate satisfactorily in all climates and terrains; however, difficult propagation environments (e.g., that encountered in Southwest Asia) can diminish link reliability. This report describes enhancements to MSE operating procedures to address this problem. The enhanced procedures call for the user to specify the propagation reliability desired on a link, e.g., 99.9 percent. The corresponding required margin is then calculated as a function of link parameters such as path length and climate. The margin achieved during link initialization is measured, reported, and compared to the required margin as the basis for link acceptance. Also, since propagation-caused problems can not be cured by the current practice of replacing equipment, enhanced troubleshooting procedures are described. Although this report utilizes the MSE framework and terminology the methodology and recommendations are applicable to any LOS digital radio system.
Physical Limitation of the Cascoded Snapback NMOS ESD Protection Capability Due to the Non-Uniform Turn-Off (2004)

The nonlinear effects and physical failure mechanism in over-voltage protection NMOS snapback structures during ESD operation have been analyzed with the use of experimental test structures as well as process and device simulations. A phenomenological explanation has been provided to account for the effect due to substrate type and the use of a so-called ESD implant. A generic design solution for the cascoded snapback NMOS structure suitable for 5-V tolerant I/O applications is proposed, one that delivers robust operation and eliminates the requirement for an additional ESD implant.
Majorana vortex photons a form of entangled photons propagation through brain tissue (2019)

This paper extends the concept of entangled vector vortex beams as a form of Majorana-like photons. Majorana photon quasi particles are introduced and attributed to a class of entangled vector beams and show higher transmission. These photons and the antiphotons are identical. A Majorana photon has within itself both right and left handed twists. These majorana beams travel at speeds other than speed of light, c in free space. Light transmission of Majorana photon vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) are investigated in a mouse brain at different local regions showing enhanced transmission and properties of being entangled. This work is new interpretation of our past paper of mixed photon beam states. The transmission change observed with Majorana structured light other than linear polarization is attributed to the nonseparable and mixed nature of radial and azimuthal polarizations with OAM and the handedness of the light passing through chiral brain media. These mixed nonhomogeneous beams are entangled in OAM and polarization. Majorana photons may play an important role in the future for quantum and optical computing and sub and super luminal speeds due to its traversal wave vector, k.
The Stacked ABR: A Sensitive and Specific Screening Tool for Detecting Small Acoustic Tumors (2005)

The failure of standard ABR measures to detect small (< or =1 cm) acoustic tumors has led to the use of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the standard to screen for small tumors. This study investigates the suitability of the stacked ABR as a sensitive screening alternative to MRI for small acoustic tumors (SATs). The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the stacked ABR technique for detecting SATs. A total of 54 patients with acoustic tumors identified by MRI that were either < or =1 cm in size or undetected by standard ABR methods, irrespective of size, were studied. A control population of 78 nontumor normal-hearing subjects was also tested. For comparison, two standard ABR measures (IT5 and I-V delay) were also analyzed. The stacked ABR demonstrated 95% sensitivity and 88% specificity; 100% sensitivity was obtained at 50% specificity. Standard ABR measures were much poorer in detecting these tumors. In conclusion, the stacked ABR can be used as a sensitive, widely-available, cost-effective, and comfortable tool for screening SATs.
Trust-based recommendation systems (2008)

High-quality, personalized recommendations are a key feature in many online systems. Since these systems often have explicit knowledge of social network structures, the recommendations may incorporate this information. This paper focuses on networks that represent trust and recommendation systems that incorporate these trust relationships. The goal of a trust-based recommendation system is to generate personalized recommendations by aggregating the opinions of other users in the trust network.In analogy to prior work on voting and ranking systems, we use the axiomatic approach from the theory of social choice. We develop a set of five natural axioms that a trust-based recommendation system might be expected to satisfy. Then, we show that no system can simultaneously satisfy all the axioms. However, for any subset of four of the five axioms we exhibit a recommendation system that satisfies those axioms. Next we consider various ways of weakening the axioms, one of which leads to a unique recommendation system based on random walks. We consider other recommendation systems, including systems based on personalized PageRank, majority of majorities, and minimum cuts, and search for alternative axiomatizations that uniquely characterize these systems.Finally, we determine which of these systems are incentive compatible, meaning that groups of agents interested in manipulating recommendations can not induce others to share their opinion by lying about their votes or modifying their trust links. This is an important property for systems deployed in a monetized environment.
Efficacy and safety of ivermectin 1% cream in treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled pivotal studies. (2014)

Ivermectin 1% cream was effective and safe in treating inflammatory lesions of papulopustular rosacea.
Chemical Synthesis of Microporous Nonoxide Ceramics from Polysilazanes (1997)

In a search for a generic synthesis methodology to produce microporous, nonoxide ceramics, pyrolysis of silicon-based preceramic polymers has been studied in inert (He or Ar) and reactive (NH3) atmospheres over the temperature range 25−1300 °C. Pyrolysis of polysilazanes in an inert atmosphere in the absence of additives produced only low-density, nonmicroporous solids. However, four successful approaches to induce microporosity were developed, involving controlled reaction of selected low molecular weight polysilazane preceramic polymers. The first method employs the formation of colloidal polysilazane mixtures with micron-size particles of ceramics such as Si3N4, SiC, and AlN, followed by their pyrolysis in He or NH3 to form a ceramic−ceramic composite. The second method involves the synthesis of a nanoscale, polysilazane-stabilized metal colloid of a noble or transition metal and its conversion to a metal− or cermet−ceramic composite by pyrolysis in He or NH3. In the third method, a polysilazane is pyrolyzed in NH3 at low heating rates, to form an amorphous, covalent ceramic. The fourth method involves the pyrolysis of polysilazane/metal−organic mixtures in He or NH3. The microporous solids formed by these techniques have surface areas up to >500 m2/g and micropore volumes up to >0.20 cm3/g as determined by nitrogen adsorption measurements. Hexane adsorption measurements indicate that the micropore space is accessible to hydrocarbons.
Advances in holey fibers (2003)

The combination of wavelength-scale features and design flexibility offered by holey fibers leads to a significanlty broader range of optical properties than is possible in conventional optical fibers. Of particular interest, holey fibers offer the combination of broadband single mode guidance and large mode areas, and such fibers are promising for high power delivery applications such as including laser welding and machining, and for fiber lasers and amplifiers. Holey fiber technology has now reached the point that km-lengths of polymer-coated fiber with less than 1 dB/km loss at 1550nm are possible. As well as being of fundamental scientific interest, the novel guidance properties of holey fibers can be exploited to develop technologically important devices. Here recent advances in holey fibers will be presented, with a particular focus on recent results in developing holey fiber-based lasers.
Mono- and Bimetallic Rhodium(I) Complexes Supported by New <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Bis-N-heterocyclic Carbene Ligands:  Metalation via CC Bond Cleavage under Mild Conditions (2007)

The first example of a tethered chiral enetetramine is presented along with its mild metalation with Rh(I) sources to produce chiral, bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Subtle steric effects determine whether an enetetramine is accessible versus a free biscarbene.
Effect of readout magnetic-field direction on trilayer magnetically induced super resolution media (abstract) (1997)

Among the proposed magnetically induced super resolution media, double-mask rear aperture detection (RAD) has the greatest potential for use in high-density land/groove recording.1 We proposed a trilayer double-mask RAD media that does not require a large initializing magnetic field.2 In this paper, we report the land/groove recording on the trilayer media for a 0.4 μm mark length and 0.7 μm track pitch. We found that crosstalk drastically changed depending on the direction of the readout magnetic field, and that the crosswrite is related to crosstalk. When applying the readout magnetic field in the erasing direction, the value of crosstalk was about −25 dB and a large crosswrite effect was observed. Conversely, the crosstalk was below −45 dB and no crosswrite effect was observed when applying the magnetic field in the writing direction. CNRs had almost the same value of 48 dB for both the above cases. To investigate the mask formation while applying the readout field in the writing direction, we precisely observed the wave form of the isolated marks. The carrier level rose twice with increasing readout field. However, the position of the leading edge mainly changed when increasing the field. We think that the low crosstalk is attributable to the enhancement of the front mask area. The trilayer media enables an areal density of 3 Gbit/in.2
Higher Order MIMO Outdoor-to-Indoor Measurements Using Repeaters (2010)

In this paper we present results from a outdoor-to-indoor MIMO measurement campaign where we study the effect of repeaters on singular values, spatial richness, capacity, and delay spread distributions. We present results from different repeater scenarios such as, e.g. different outdoor/indoor repeater deployments with single/dual polarized antennas. The measurements show that repeaters significantly enhance the received SNR while they increase the delay spread and decrease the spatial richness of the MIMO channel. However, the main conclusion is that a significant increase in channel capacity is attained when deploying repeaters mostly thanks to their ability to provide spatial multiplexing over the high-quality eigenmodes they may provide. The number of such eigenmodes is limited by the number of repeaters, deployment, and their antennas.
Nucleic Acid (Patent WO 2007/093776 A2) (2007)

The invention relates to nucleic acid derived from Perkinsus marinus which encodes a 9-elongase, a ?8-desaturase and a ?5-desaturase enzyme. All of the coding sequences can be transcribed as a single transcript.
An Aluminum Hypochlorite Electrochemical System (2000)

The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell which has utility in propulsion systems of undersea vehicles. The electrochemical cell comprises an anode formed from an aluminum containing material, a cathode formed from a hypochlorite solution phase catholyte material, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte may be an aqueous alkaline solution, seawater, or an aqueous alkaline solution with seawater. The anode, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is formed from a bipolar electrode having an aluminum containing material and an electrocatalyst capable of carrying out the reduction of the hypochlorite.