gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate cognitive deficits in an endothelin-1 rat model of stroke (2015)

These findings indicate that: (1) the ET-1 model produces chronic cognitive deficits; (2) the SORT efficiently measures cognitive deficits that are not confounded by motoric impairment; and (3) BMMSCs may be a viable treatment for stroke-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Nanocomposites of Titanium Dioxide and Polystyrene-Poly(ethylene oxide) Block Copolymer as Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries (2013)

There is considerable interest in developing solid electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries as they have the potential to increase both energy d. due to incorporation of a lithium metal anode and safety of batteries due to the fact that they are nonflammable. Block copolymers with a mech. hard nonconducting block and a soft ion-conducting block provide an avenue for obtaining highly conducting rigid solids. The authors add surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles to a mixt. of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt. The presence of BF4- moieties on the surface of the particles was essential for obtaining macroscopically homogeneous electrolytes; macrophase sepn. was obsd. with the same nanoparticles with surfaces covered with oleic acid. The stability of these composite electrolytes against lithium metal electrodes was tested in sym. lithium-composite electrolyte-lithium cells. The surprising result was that electrolytes with 24% nanoparticles exhibited optimum stability; the amt. of charge passed before dendrite formation obsd. in the optimized composite electrolyte was a factor of 4.7 larger than that of the neat block copolymer electrolyte. Both tensile and shear moduli of the electrolytes were non-monotonic functions of particle concn. with peaks in the vicinity of 17 to 20%.
Mitochondria-targeted cyclosporin A delivery system to treat myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury of rats (2019)

CsA@PLGA-PEG-SS31 exhibited significant cardioprotective effects against MI/RI in rats hearts through protecting mitochondrial integrity, decreasing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and myocardial infract area. Thus, CsA@PLGA-PEG-SS31 offered a promising therapeutic method for patients with acute myocardial infarction.
RGB Color Calibration for Quantitative Image Analysis: The “3D Thin-Plate Spline” Warping Approach (2012)

In the last years the need to numerically define color by its coordinates in n-dimensional space has increased strongly. Colorimetric calibration is fundamental in food processing and other biological disciplines to quantitatively compare samples' color during workflow with many devices. Several software programmes are available to perform standardized colorimetric procedures, but they are often too imprecise for scientific purposes. In this study, we applied the Thin-Plate Spline interpolation algorithm to calibrate colours in sRGB space (the corresponding Matlab code is reported in the Appendix). This was compared with other two approaches. The first is based on a commercial calibration system (ProfileMaker) and the second on a Partial Least Square analysis. Moreover, to explore device variability and resolution two different cameras were adopted and for each sensor, three consecutive pictures were acquired under four different light conditions. According to our results, the Thin-Plate Spline approach reported a very high efficiency of calibration allowing the possibility to create a revolution in the in-field applicative context of colour quantification not only in food sciences, but also in other biological disciplines. These results are of great importance for scientific color evaluation when lighting conditions are not controlled. Moreover, it allows the use of low cost instruments while still returning scientifically sound quantitative data.
Pancreatic cancer and <scp>FOLFIRINOX</scp>: a new era and new questions (2015)

FOLFIRINOX (FFX) was introduced to clinical practice in 2010 following publication of the PRODIGE 4/ACCORD 11 study, which compared this novel regimen to gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Median overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective responses were all superior with FFX and there was improved time to definitive deterioration in quality of life. Despite initial concerns over toxicity, there has been rapid uptake of this regimen, both revolutionizing management and opening the door to innovative research. As experience with FFX has accrued, many questions have arisen including the management of toxicities, the impact of frequent modifications, the optimal number of cycles, integration with other regimens and modalities, interpretation of radiologic and serologic response, utility of molecular signatures, and potential benefit in unique clinical settings such as pre- and postsurgery. This review will closely examine these issues, not only to summarize current knowledge but also to fuel scientific debate.
Advances in Hardware Architectures for Image and Video Coding - A Survey (2004)

This paper provides a survey of state-of-the-art hardware architectures for image and video coding. Fundamental design issues are discussed with particular emphasis on efficient dedicated implementation. Hardware architectures for MPEG-4 video coding and JPEG 2000 still image coding are reviewed as design examples, and special approaches exploited to improve efficiency are identified. Further perspectives are also presented to address the challenges of hardware architecture design for advanced image and video coding in the future.
Necessary role of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in transforming growth factor β–mediated activation of Akt in normal and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (2002)

TGFbeta exerts its growth and antiapoptotic effects on fibroblasts, at least in part, by activation of the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
A survey on control issues in renewable energy integration and microgrid (2019)

Abstract This paper describes the usefulness of renewable energy throughout the world to generate power. Renewable energy adds a remarkable scope in power system. Renewable energy sources act as the prime mover of a microgrid. The Microgrid is a small network of power system with distributed generation (DG) units connected in parallel. The integration challenges of renewable energy sources and the control of microgrid are described in this paper. The varied nature of DG system produces voltage and frequency deviation. The unknown nature of the load produces un-modeled dynamics. This un-modeled dynamic introduces measurable effects on the performance of the microgrid. This paper investigates the performance of the microgrid against different scenarios. The voltage of the microgrid is controlled by using different controllers and their results are also investigated. The performance of controllers is investigated using MATLAB/Simulink SimPowerSystems.
Intracranial Hemorrhage in a Patient with Moyamoya Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review (2005)

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a specific chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease which is characterized by progressive occlusion of the vasculature, predominantly in the brain. Many branches of collateral circulation develop and give rise to the angiographic appearance of a ”puff of smoke” that is pathogonomic of this disease and is also the origin of its name in Japanese. In addition to ischemic insults to the brain, various types of complicated intracranial hemorrhaging often occur. Herein we reported a case who presented with intracranial hemorrhage. The associated literature was reviewed MMD is a rare disease in Taiwan in comparison to Japan. However, this disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis treating a young patient with infarction stroke or non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.
The <i>Xanthomonas</i> Type III Effector Protein AvrBs3 Modulates Plant Gene Expression and Induces Cell Hypertrophy in the Susceptible Host (2002)

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria bacteria expressing the type III effector protein AvrBs3 induce a hypersensitive response in pepper plants carrying the resistance gene Bs3. Here, we report that infection of susceptible pepper and tomato plants leads to an AvrBs3-dependent hypertrophy of the mesophyll tissue. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of the avrBs3 gene in tobacco and potato plants resulted in a similar phenotype. Induction of hypertrophy was shown to depend on the repeat region, nuclear localization signals, and acidic transcription activation domain (AAD) of AvrBs3, suggesting that the effector modulates the host's transcriptome. To search for host genes regulated by AvrBs3 in an AAD-dependent manner, we performed a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of pepper mRNA populations. Thirteen AvrBs3-induced transcripts were identified and confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Sequence analysis revealed homologies to auxin-induced and expansinlike genes, which play a role in cell enlargement. These results suggest that some of the AvrBs3-induced genes may be involved in hypertrophy development and that xanthomonads possess type III effectors that steer host gene expression.
Optical fiber and preform profiling technology (1982)

A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art optical fiber and preform index-profiling methods has been prepared. The advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches are discussed. Important parameters include measurement accuracy, resolution, simplicity, and the nondestructive features of some methods. Both optical and nonoptical techniques have been treated. Resolution considerations probably favor the refracted near-field technique and this may be a decisive factor for the measurement of single-mode fibers. Simplicity of apparatus lies with near-field methods generally so that the bound near-field method is most often used for dimensional measurements. Preform profiling is dominated by deflection function methods, usually accompanied by spatial filtering or focusing. Methods restricted to certain classes of fiber, such as the far-field approaches, are less attractive and, consequently, do not receive as much use.
Waveguide-QED-Based Photonic Quantum Computation (2013)

We propose a new scheme for quantum computation using flying qubits--propagating photons in a one-dimensional waveguide interacting with matter qubits. Photon-photon interactions are mediated by the coupling to a four-level system, based on which photon-photon π-phase gates (CONTROLLED-NOT) can be implemented for universal quantum computation. We show that high gate fidelity is possible, given recent dramatic experimental progress in superconducting circuits and photonic-crystal waveguides. The proposed system can be an important building block for future on-chip quantum networks.
New developments of thiocarbonyl compounds and sulfines in organic synthesis (1996)

Abstract
Bayesian Model Assessment and Comparison Using Cross-Validation Predictive Densities (2002)

In this work, we discuss practical methods for the assessment, comparison, and selection of complex hierarchical Bayesian models. A natural way to assess the goodness of the model is to estimate its future predictive capability by estimating expected utilities. Instead of just making a point estimate, it is important to obtain the distribution of the expected utility estimate because it describes the uncertainty in the estimate. The distributions of the expected utility estimates can also be used to compare models, for example, by computing the probability of one model having a better expected utility than some other model. We propose an approach using cross-validation predictive densities to obtain expected utility estimates and Bayesian bootstrap to obtain samples from their distributions. We also discuss the probabilistic assumptions made and properties of two practical cross-validation methods, importance sampling and k-fold cross-validation. As illustrative examples, we use multilayer perceptron neural networks and gaussian processes with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling in one toy problem and two challenging real-world problems.
Prolactin concurrently activates Src‐PLD and JAK/Stat signaling pathways to induce proliferation while promoting differentiation in embryonic astrocytes (2000)

In normal development, embryonic astrocytes progress through their cell lineage by acquiring differentiation, by apoptosis, and by proliferation. In this study, we show that embryonic astrocytes may maintain and make gains in differentiation as they simultaneously progress through one cell cycle when induced by prolactin (PRL). Prolactin induced the majority of astrocytes to incorporate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) with a four-fold increase over controls after 18 h of exposure. Investigating possible mitogenic signaling pathways we show for the first time that prolactin is coupled to a sustained phospholipase D (PLD) activation, with an efficacy similar to the phorbol ester and astrocytic mitogen 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Both cyclosporine and suramin abolished this activation. Staurosporine and calphostin C also inhibited the PRL effect by 50%, consistent with involvement of protein kinase C-(PKC)-alpha, the major PKC isoform in astrocytes. Genistein and PP1 blocked the activation indicating additional regulation by cytosolic tyrosine kinases. This profile of PLD activation was suggestive of a PLD I isoform and a mitogenic response. Upon completion of the cell cycle, analysis of glia fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin abundance, and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity showed that astrocytes had gained in expression of differentiation markers. Moreover, the intensity of GFAP immunofluorescence was greater per cell, as was the length of the cell processes. In exploring the signaling for prolactin-induced differentiation we found that prolactin activated the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase (JAK) 2 and significantly stimulated tyrosine, phosphorylation of the prolactin receptor. Stat 1 and 3 were also activated presumably downstream to JAK2 activation. A rapid translocation of the cytosolic Stats over the nucleus was seen in nearly every astrocyte corresponding well with the gains in GFAP per cell. The Stats translocation did not depend on MEK-ERK inhibition by PD98059, inhibition of p38 by 1 microm SB203580, or Src kinase family inhibition by PP1. Our results demonstrate the ability of PRL to concurrently induce activation of PLD, a mitogenic signaling pathway in astrocytes, and prolonged stimulation of Stat1, compatible with the increased GFAP upregulation and cell differentiation. Considered together this data may provide an explanation on the fast gain in both numbers and differentiation in the astrocytic population during development (HD 09402, CRF).
Outlier detection in sensor networks (2007)

Outlier detection has many important applications in sensor networks, e.g., abnormal event detection, animal behavior change, etc. It is a difficult problem since global information about data distributions must be known to identify outliers. In this paper, we use a histogram-based method for outlier detection to reduce communication cost. Rather than collecting all the data in one location for centralized processing, we propose collecting hints (in the form of a histogram) about the data distribution, and using the hints to filter out unnecessary data and identify potential outliers. We show that this method can be used for detecting outliers in terms of two different definitions. Our simulation results show that the histogram method can dramatically reduce the communication cost.
Digital Signal Processing Based Waveform Generator for Flickermeter Calibration Test System (2006)

This paper describes a method of waveform generation using digital signal processing processor for flickermeter calibration test system. Flickermeter is a power analyzer designed to quantify to what degree the light intensity variation caused by voltage changes will irritate test subjects. Calibration test system for flickermeters is a system used to generate and measure accurately all the modulated test signals required for testing flickermeters [1]. Two waveform generators are needed in the system to produce the test conditions; one represents the mains frequency, generating frequency of 50 Hz while another represents the modulating frequency, generating frequencies from 2-25 Hz. The modulating frequencies, acting as flicker, are to be applied with the main frequency, resulting in modulation of frequencies. The DSP processor TMS320C6713DSK with code composer studio has been used to generate the two waveforms. It generates waveforms with different frequencies by using the look-up tables for the required waveforms up to 32 kHz. The required waveform, amplitude, and frequency can be programmed by the user. The DSP processor has also been programmed to produce amplitude modulated signal. Using the stereo audio codec of the kit, two difference types of frequencies have been generated simultaneously.
Inside-out integrin signaling in macrophages. Analysis of the role of the alpha 6A beta 1 and alpha 6B beta 1 integrin variants in laminin adhesion by cDNA expression in an alpha 6 integrin-deficient macrophage cell line (1993)

Leukocytes use the alpha 6 beta 1 integrin to adhere to laminin based on mAb inhibition and affinity chromatography studies. This adhesion requires leukocyte stimulation with either PMA or specific cytokines, a process that has been termed "inside-out" integrin signaling. In the present study, the involvement of alpha 6 integrin structural variants in this regulated adhesion was examined using mouse macrophages. The two known alpha 6 structural variants, alpha 6A and alpha 6B, differ only in their cytoplasmic domain sequences. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we observed that macrophages express only the alpha 6A structural variant, in contrast to most cell types which express both alpha 6A and alpha 6B variants. The role of this integrin subunit in macrophage adhesion was assessed by cDNA transfection of P388D1 cells. We found that this mouse macrophage cell line does not adhere to laminin even in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, though it does adhere normally to fibronectin and tissue culture plastic. Subsequent analysis employing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoprecipitation of surface labeled cells revealed that this cell line expresses neither the alpha 6A nor alpha 6B integrin subunits. Stable transfection of either the chick or human alpha 6A cDNAs into P388D1 cells resulted in chimeric alpha 6A beta 1 surface expression. The alpha 6A transfectants exhibited inside-out integrin signaling because PMA stimulation markedly increased their ability to adhere to laminin but it did not increase alpha 6A beta 1 surface expression. Similar results were obtained after transfection of the human alpha 6B cDNA. Analysis of the human transfectants was facilitated by the generation of a monoclonal antibody, 2B7, that is specific for the human alpha 6 integrin subunit. These observations demonstrate that both alpha 6A beta 1 and alpha 6B beta 1 can be regulated by inside-out signaling pathways in macrophages, even though this cell type expresses only alpha 6A beta 1. The data presented also demonstrate clearly that the alpha 6A and alpha 6B cytoplasmic domains do not differ in their ability to be regulated by PMA.
Efficient determination of dynamic split points in a decision tree (2002)

We consider the problem of choosing split points for continuous predictor variables in a decision tree. Previous approaches to this problem typically either: (1) discretize the continuous predictor values prior to learning, or (2) apply a dynamic method that considers all possible split points for each potential split. We describe a number of alternative approaches that generate a small number of candidate split points dynamically with little overhead. We argue that these approaches are preferable to pre-discretization, and provide experimental evidence that they yield probabilistic decision trees with the same prediction accuracy as the traditional dynamic approach. Furthermore, because the time to grow a decision tree is proportional to the number of split points evaluated, our approach is significantly faster than the traditional dynamic approach.
Internet topology discovery: a survey (2007)

Since the beginning of the nineties, the internet has undergone impressive growth. This growth can be appreciated in terms of the equipment, such as routers and links, that has been added, as well as in the numbers of users and the value of commerce that it supports. In parallel to this expansion, over the past decade the networking research community has shown a growing interest in discovering and analyzing the internet topology. Some researchers have developed tools for gathering network topology data while others have tried to understand and model the internet's properties. These efforts have brought us to a crucial juncture for toplogy measurement infrastructures: while, previously, these were both small (in terms of number of measurement points) and monolithic, we are starting to see the deployment of large-scale distributed systems composed of hundreds or thousands of monitors. As we look forward to this next generation of systems, we take stock of what has been achieved so far. In this survey, we discuss past and current mechanisms for discovering the internet topology at various levels: the IP interface, the router, the AS, and the PoP level. In addition to discovery techniques, we provide insights into some of the wellknown properties of the internet topology.
Tafel Constants and Changes in Hydrogen Coverage during Corrosion of Fe18Cr (1983)

Cathodic Tafel constants associated with the hydrogen reaction at Fe18Cr in were determined by computer analysis of the potential decay following current interruption at fixed starting potentials positive to the corrosion potential. The values of were evaluated from the general current‐interruptive equation, , from its linear log form, and from a modification of the general equation that was derived to analyze multiple Tafel regions. For starting potentials of 0, −0.05, −0.075, and −0.2V (RHE), the number of Tafel regions was 3, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The amount of hydrogen associated with the electrode at the fixed potentials and during decay was determined from anodic charging pulses. Results indicated that the bonding strength between metal sites and hydrogen varies with decay and starting potential. The first Tafel region from 0, −0.05, and −0.075V was under combination control, . The decay from −0.2V was controlled by the electrochemical‐desorption step, .
A wide-dynamic-range programmable synapse for impulse neural networks (2002)

A fully-analog synapse circuit for impulse neural networks is described. The circuit is programmable over a dynamic range of several orders of magnitude. It is essentially a programmable switched-circuit source which incrementally contributes to the excitation of an impulse neuron. Shared-floating-gate FETs are used to implement a programmable current mirror exhibiting a nonvolatile storage characteristic. The synapse connection strength is modulated by incrementally adding or removing charge on the shared floating gate. A wide dynamic range is achieved through biasing the circuit to operate in the subthreshold region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>