gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Suppression of HIV by Antigen Specific T Cells Derived from Engineered Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2012)

The HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is a critical component in controlling viral replication in vivo, but ultimately fails in its ability to eradicate the virus. Our intent in these studies is to develop ways to enhance and restore the HIV-specific CTL response to allow long-term viral suppression or viral clearance. In our approach, we sought to genetically manipulate human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) such that they differentiate into mature CTL that will kill HIV infected cells. To perform this, we molecularly cloned an HIV-specific T cell receptor (TCR) from CD8+ T cells that specifically targets an epitope of the HIV-1 Gag protein. This TCR was then used to genetically transduce HSCs. These HSCs were then introduced into a humanized mouse containing human fetal liver, fetal thymus, and hematopoietic progenitor cells, and were allowed to differentiate into mature human CD8+ CTL. We found human, HIV-specific CTL in multiple tissues in the mouse. Thus, genetic modification of human HSCs with a cloned TCR allows proper differentiation of the cells to occur in vivo, and these cells migrate to multiple anatomic sites, mimicking what is seen in humans. To determine if the presence of the transgenic, HIV-specific TCR has an effect on suppressing HIV replication, we infected with HIV-1 mice expressing the transgenic HIV-specific TCR and, separately, mice expressing a non-specific control TCR. We observed significant suppression of HIV replication in multiple organs in the mice expressing the HIV-specific TCR as compared to control, indicating that the presence of genetically modified HIV-specific CTL can form a functional antiviral response in vivo. These results strongly suggest that stem cell based gene therapy may be a feasible approach in the treatment of chronic viral infections and provide a foundation towards the development of this type of strategy.
Bandwidth-Substitution Technique for Absolute Measurement of Power at All Radio Frequencies. (1976)

A highly sensitive technique for making absolute measurements of power at all radio frequencies is described. This technique surmounts the primary shortcomings of the other existing techniques in that it permits absolute measurement of power at all radio frequencies, whereas all other techniques except one, the Incremental Method, are inherently frequency limited, with the current upper limit being about 75 GHz. This major advantage stems from the fact that this technique uses a direct comparison of the unknown rf power with a primary standard, whereas the other techniques (except for the Incremental Method) require a conversion of the power to heat before the comparison can be made. The main advantage of this technique over the Incremental Method is that it has much higher sensitivity, permitting absolute measurement of rf power to be made down to about -100 dBm, comopared with only about -10 dBm for the Incremental Method. An additional advantage of this technique is that it permits the measurement of noise as well as coherent rf power, whereas the Incremental Method is valid only for coherent rf. (Author)
Intrusion Detection With Quantum Mechanics: A Photonic Quantum Fence (2008)

We describe the use of quantum-mechanically entangled photons for sensing intrusions across a physical perimeter. Our approach to intrusion detection uses the no-cloning principle of quantum information science as protection against an intruder’s ability to spoof a sensor receiver using a ‘classical ’ intercept-resend attack. We explore the bounds on detection using quantum detection and estimation theory, and we experimentally demonstrate the underlying principle of entanglement-based detection using the visibility derived from polarization-correlation measurements.
Hollow silica nanospheres containing a silafluorene–fluorene conjugated polymer for aqueous TNT and RDX detection (2010)

Attachment of a copolymer of silafluorene and fluorene to 100 nm hollow silica nanoparticles provides a new method to detect aqueous TNT and RDX with a low detection limit using the suspended fluorescent nanoshells.
Imaging technique implemented in CellTracks system (2002)

An imaging technique implemented in the CellTracks system provides high-resolution fluorescent images of events previously identified by the system. The images of the fluorescent cells enhance the ability to classify rare events.
Improved gas mixtures for gas-filled radiation detectors (1980)

Improved binary and ternary gas mixtures for gas-filled radiation detectors are provided. The components are chosen on the basis of the principle that the first component is one molecular gas or mixture of two molecular gases having a large electron scattering cross section at energies of about 0.5 eV and higher, and the second component is a noble gas having a very small cross section at and below about 1.0 eV, whereby fast electrons in the gaseous mixture are slowed into the energy range of about 0.5 eV where the cross section for the mixture is small and hence the electron mean free path is large. The reduction in both the cross section and the electron energy results in an increase in the drift velocity of the electrons in the gas mixtures over that for the separate components for a range of E/P (pressure-reduced electric field) values. Several gas mixtures are provided that provide faster response in gas-filled detectors for convenient E/P ranges as compared with conventional gas mixtures.
Bimagrumab to improve recovery after hip fracture in older adults: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 2a/b trial (2021)

Novartis Pharma.
An analytical pipeline for genomic representations used for cytosine methylation studies (2008)

Representations of the genome can be generated by the selection of a subpopulation of restriction fragments using ligation-mediated PCR. Such representations form the basis for a number of high-throughput assays, including the HELP assay to study cytosine methylation. We find that HELP data analysis is complicated not only by PCR amplification heterogeneity but also by a complex and variable distribution of cytosine methylation. To address this, we created an analytical pipeline and novel normalization approach that improves concordance between microarray-derived data and single locus validation results, demonstrating the value of the analytical approach. A major influence on the PCR amplification is the size of the restriction fragment, requiring a quantile normalization approach that reduces the influence of fragment length on signal intensity. Here we describe all of the components of the pipeline, which can also be applied to data derived from other assays based on genomic representations.
A Dual Mode Adaptive Basal-Bolus Advisor Based on Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are commonly used by type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients to measure glucose concentrations. The proposed adaptive basal-bolus algorithm (ABBA) supports inputs from either SMBG or CGM devices to provide personalised suggestions for the daily basal rate and prandial insulin doses on the basis of the patients' glucose level on the previous day. The ABBA is based on reinforcement learning, a type of artificial intelligence, and was validated in silico with an FDA-accepted population of 100 adults under different realistic scenarios lasting three simulated months. The scenarios involve three main meals and one bedtime snack per day, along with different variabilities and uncertainties for insulin sensitivity, mealtime, carbohydrate amount, and glucose measurement time. The results indicate that the proposed approach achieves comparable performance with CGM or SMBG as input signals, without influencing the total daily insulin dose. The results are a promising indication that AI algorithmic approaches can provide personalised adaptive insulin optimization and achieve glucose control-independent of the type of glucose monitoring technology.
Mitigation of resonance in RF high power amplifier enclosure (2017)

This paper presents a novel and cost effective way to mitigate the resonance caused by the enclosure of RF Amplifier circuits. A Grounded metallic post has been used to break down the cavity size. The cavity resonance coupled with the power amplifier circuit, draw huge quiescent current which can potentially breakdown the device. The resonance affects the gain, flatness, Spurious, IRL, ACPR and P1dB of the RFPA. The junction temperature of the transistor, Tj has been simulated for two different materials for the enclosure lid - with the RF absorber material and Aluminum. RF absorber as lid material is found to increase Tj of the Transistor.
Gain-locking method for dual-stage optical amplifiers (2000)

WDM systems require some means to lock the gain of surviving channels when one or several channels are added or dropped. The pump loss method is particularly interesting but, to our knowledge, has not been applied to multiplestage amplifiers. This paper reports on a modified pump loss technique for the gain locking of dual-stage amplifiers.
Organometallic chemistry, biology and medicine: ruthenium arene anticancer complexes (2005)

Our work has shown that certain ruthenium(II) arene complexes exhibit promising anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The complexes are stable and water-soluble, and their frameworks provide considerable scope for optimising the design, both in terms of their biological activity and for minimising side-effects by variations in the arene and the other coordinated ligands. Initial studies on amino acids and nucleotides suggest that kinetic and thermodynamic control over a wide spectrum of reactions of Ru(II) arene complexes with biomolecules can be achieved. These Ru(II) arene complexes appear to have an altered profile of biological activity in comparison with metal-based anticancer complexes currently in clinical use or on clinical trial.
Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (1997)

Prostaglandins (PGs) produced by the inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are important mediators of pain and inflammation. In animals, selective inhibitors of COX-2 have been shown to be anti-inflammatory without typical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) side-effects. Research directed towards the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2 has made significant advances in recent years. The current different structural classes of COX-2 inhibitors are discussed, with an emphasis on the most recent primary and patent literature. Early human clinical results indicate that COX-2 inhibitors offer a significant advancement for the treatment of inflammatory disease states.
RECOMBINANT BACTERIAL CELLS AS EFFICIENT BIOCATALYSTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NUCLEOSIDES (2001)

The preparation of nucleosides as well as their base-modified analogues using purified nucleoside phosphorylase enzymes or, more conveniently, using whole bacterial cells is described. The development of genetically modified strains of Escherichia coli, able to over-produce Uridine-phosphorylase and Purine-nucleoside-phosphorylase in the same cells, improves the specific biocatalytic activity and the consequent industrial scale approach.
Quantum Interferometric Optical Lithography: Exploiting Entanglement to Beat the Quantum Limit (1999)

Optical masking lithography has been the primary tool of the semiconductor industry for transferring circuit images onto substrates to form semiconductor chips.
Satisfiability algorithms and finite quantification (2000)

This paper makes three observations with regard to the application of algorithms such as wsat and relsat to problems of practical interest. First, we identify a specific calculation (&quot;subsearch&quot;) that is performed at each inference step by any existing satisfiability algorithm. We then show that for realistic problems, the time spent on subsearch can be expected to dominate the computational cost of the algorithm. Finally, we present a specific modification to the representation that exploits the structure of naturally occurring problems and leads to exponential reductions in the time needed for subsearch. 1 Introduction The last few years have seen extraordinary improvements in the effectiveness of general-purpose Boolean satisfiability algorithms. This work began with the application of wsat [Selman et al., 1996] to &quot;practical&quot; problems in a variety of domains (generative planning [Kautz and Selman, 1992], circuit layout, and others) by translating these problems into ...
A robust timing and frequency offset estimation scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems (2003)

This paper presents a novel, robust technique to estimate timing and frequency offset in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system without the use of pilot signals. We first present an overview of an OFDM system for high-speed wireless data communications, including the particular parameters chosen for our design. We then describe some prior attempts to estimate timing and frequency offset. We finally present our approach and show simulation results in the presence of the variety of severe impairments that are likely to be observed in a typical outdoor PCS environment.
Carbon Dioxide Flotation of Fine Coal (1985)

The chemistry of coal flotation has received considerable attention in recent years. Most of the research effort has been concerned with the characterization of the coal surface and adsorption reactions, which modulate the hydrophobic/hydrophillic balance at the coal surface. With the possible exception of oxygen very few experimental results have been reported regarding the effect of gas-phase composition on the flotation recovery of coal. Preliminary experimental results which indicate that improved fine coal flotation can be achieved using carbon dioxide are presented and discussed.
Symbolic predictive analysis for concurrent programs (2011)

Abstract Predictive analysis aims at detecting concurrency errors during runtime by monitoring a concrete execution trace of a concurrent program. In recent years, various models based on the happens-before causality relations have been proposed for predictive analysis. However, these models often rely on only the observed runtime events and typically do not utilize the program source code. Furthermore, the enumerative algorithms they use for verifying safety properties in the predicted traces often suffer from the interleaving explosion problem. In this paper, we introduce a precise predictive model based on both the program source code and the observed execution events, and propose a symbolic algorithm to check whether a safety property holds in all feasible permutations of events of the given trace. Rather than explicitly enumerating and checking the interleavings, our method conducts the search using a novel encoding and symbolic reasoning with a satisfiability modulo theory solver. We also propose a technique to bound the number of context switches allowed in the interleavings during the symbolic search, to further improve the scalability of the algorithm.
Akt Mediates Ras Downregulation of RhoB, a Suppressor of Transformation, Invasion, and Metastasis (2004)

Although recent evidence supports a tumor-suppressive role for the GTPase RhoB, little is known about its regulation by signal transduction pathways. Here we demonstrate that Ras downregulates RhoB expression by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)- and Akt- but not Mek-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological blockade of PI3K/Akt results in upregulation of RhoB expression. We also provide evidence for the importance of the downregulation of RhoB in oncogenesis by demonstrating that RhoB antagonizes Ras/PI3K/Akt malignancy. Ectopic expression of RhoB, but not the close relative RhoA, inhibits Ras, PI3K, and Akt induction of transformation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis and anoikis. Finally, RhoB inhibits melanoma metastasis to the lung in a mouse model. These studies identify suppression of RhoB as a mechanism by which the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway induces tumor survival, transformation, invasion, and metastasis.
ALL-1 partial duplication in acute leukemia. (1994)

The ALL-1 gene, located on chromosome band 11q23, is fused to a variety of other genes by reciprocal chromosomal translocations present in 5-10% of human acute leukemias. We have recently reported the detection by Southern blot of ALL-1 gene rearrangements in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia lacking cytogenetic evidence of 11q23 translocations. These include 2 of 19 patients with normal karyotypes as well as 3 of 4 patients with trisomy 11. To characterize the abnormal ALL-1 genes, we cloned the ALL-1 rearrangements from two patients with trisomy 11. Characterization of the clones, together with Southern blot analysis, indicates that the ALL-1 rearrangement in both patients is the result of a direct tandem duplication of a portion of the ALL-1 gene spanning exons 2-6. The partial ALL-1 duplication is also detected by Southern blot analysis in a patient with a normal karyotype. RNA PCR and DNA sequence analysis show that the partially duplicated ALL-1 gene is transcribed into mRNA capable of encoding a partially duplicated protein. Partial duplication of ALL-1, in which a portion of a putative protooncogene is fused with itself, represents an additional genetic mechanism for leukemogenesis. Our findings suggest that the presence of trisomy in malignancy may sometimes indicate the partial duplication of a cellular protooncogene.
Verification of the sensitivity and resolution dependence on the incidence angle for slit–slat collimation (2008)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be performed with various collimator types, which have an inherent tradeoff between the properties of sensitivity, resolution, field of view and complete sampling. Slit-slat collimation, which has seen recent interest in the literature, combines a slit parallel to the axis of rotation of a gamma camera with a set of septa perpendicular to the slit. This collimator geometry exhibits properties that may enhance some SPECT imaging applications, specifically imaging of the breast, limbs and medium-sized animals. However, a complete description of its system response is critical for a comparison to other collimator types and for accurate reconstruction of projection data. Herein, experimental and Monte Carlo methods are used to determine the sensitivity and transaxial and axial resolutions as a function of the incidence angle theta, which is the angle formed by the line from the photon source to the center of the slit and the plane of the slit, to compare to theoretical expectations. Four configurations are investigated by varying the slit width, septal spacing and septal height. Monte Carlo sensitivity data not modeling penetration and scatter exhibit a sin(3)theta dependence. Experimental and Monte Carlo-derived sensitivity data modeling scatter and penetration are consistent with each other and have a sin(x)theta dependence, where x is greater than 3. Transaxial resolution data show a small dependence on theta, and axial resolution data are consistent with no angular dependence.
High Energy Ferrite Magnets (1997)

Lanthanum and zinc substitution in M-type hexaferrite was studied in detail in order to increase the saturation magnetization. For the composition Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7Zn0.3O19, the saturation magnetization was increased by more than 4% and the uniaxial anisotropy constant (K 1) was almost the same as that of non-substituted Ba-ferrite. Furthermore, high energy ferrite magnets having more than 40kJ/m3(5MGOe) were obtained for the first time by the new process for high orientation, high density and submicron-sized grains.
Determining the Effect of Calculus, Hypocalcification, and Stain on Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Polarized Raman Spectroscopy for Detecting White Spot Lesions (2010)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) have been shown as useful methods for distinguishing sound enamel from carious lesions ex vivo. However, factors in the oral environment such as calculus, hypocalcification, and stain could lead to false-positive results. OCT and PRS were used to investigate extracted human teeth clinically examined for sound enamel, white spot lesion (WSL), calculus, hypocalcification, and stain to determine whether these factors would confound WSL detection with these optical methods. Results indicate that OCT allowed differentiating caries from sound enamel, hypocalcification, and stain, with calculus deposits recognizable on OCT images. ANOVA and post-hoc unequal N HSD analyses to compare the mean Raman depolarization ratios from the various groups showed that the mean values were statistically significant at P < .05, except for several comparison pairs. With the current PRS analysis method, the mean depolarization ratios of stained enamel and caries are not significantly different due to the sloping background in the stained enamel spectra. Overall, calculus and hypocalcification are not confounding factors affecting WSL detection using OCT and PRS. Stain does not influence WSL detection with OCT. Improved PRS analysis methods are needed to differentiate carious from stained enamel.
Hydration Sensing: A Wearable Hydration Sensor with Conformal Nanowire Electrodes (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2017) (2017)

A wearable skin hydration sensor is developed by Y. Zhu, J. F. Muth, and co-workers in article number 1601159. The sensor is made of silver nanowires inlaid in a silicone substrate, which renders the sensor flexible and stretchable. Integrated systems with multimodal sensing capability (e.g., hydration, strain/motion and electrophysiological sensing) are demonstrated in two form factors — wristband and chest patch. Image design by Shanshan Yao.
Stable azodye photo-alignment layer for liquid crystal devices achieved by “turning off” dye photosensitivity (2017)

We have previously proposed a low cost, versatile process for stabilizing azodye photo-alignment layers for liquid crystal devices by utilizing a surface localized reactive mesogen (RM) layer. The RM is applied by dissolving the monomer in a liquid crystal material prior to filling the cell. In this paper, we show the significant effect of azodye layer thickness on the long term stability of these alignment layers when exposed to polarized light. We demonstrate, surprisingly, that thin azodye layers (∼3 nm) provide improved stability over thicker (∼40 nm) layers. Using this process, we show cells which have been stable to exposure with polarized light through one month. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of a photo-alignment layer to align the liquid crystals that afterwards can be rendered insensitive to polarized light. This was accomplished by using the process described above with the additional step of eliminating the photosensitivity of the azodye layer through photo-bleaching; the result is an RM alignment layer that will be stable when exposed to polarized light in the dye absorption band.