gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Trans</i> -Complementation of E1-Deleted Adenovirus: A New Vector to Reduce the Possibility of Codissemination of Wild-Type and Recombinant Adenoviruses (1995)

Treatment of cystic fibrosis by gene therapy will require the development of vectors capable of efficient and safe transfer of a functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to airway epithelia. To achieve this goal, replication-deficient (E1-) adenoviruses (Ad) are promising vectors. We have previously demonstrated efficient CFTR gene delivery to the airways of cotton rats and rhesus monkeys using a replication-deficient adenovirus, Ad-CFTR. Here, we have investigated an important safety issue, the interaction between the vector and wild-type virus which can provide the missing E1 function in trans. We show that Ad5 can mobilize the defective Ad-CFTR genome in vitro and in cotton rats. However, the extent of the complementation in vivo by wild-type virus is limited because no additional spreading or shedding of Ad-CFTR to trachea, lungs, and stools is elicited. To attenuate Ad-CFTR further, a mutation was introduced in the cis-acting regulatory sequences that control the encapsidation of the viral genome. We demonstrate that when cells are coinfected with wild-type virus and the new attenuated vector, the viral DNA containing the natural encapsidation sequences is preferentially packaged, leading to a rapid dilution of the recombinant virus.
Quantifying Cortical Activity During General Anesthesia Using Wavelet Analysis (2006)

This paper reports on a novel method for quantifying the cortical activity of a patient during general anesthesia as a surrogate measure of the patient's level of consciousness. The proposed technique is based on the analysis of a single-channel (frontal) electroencephalogram (EEG) signal using stationary wavelet transform (SWT). The wavelet coefficients calculated from the EEG are pooled into a statistical representation, which is then compared to two well-defined states: the awake state with normal EEG activity, and the isoelectric state with maximal cortical depression. The resulting index, referred to as the wavelet-based anesthetic value for central nervous system monitoring (WAV(CNS)), quantifies the depth of consciousness between these two extremes. To validate the proposed technique, we present a clinical study which explores the advantages of the WAV(CNS) in comparison with the BIS monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, MA), currently a reference in consciousness monitoring. Results show that the WAV(CNS) and BIS are well correlated (r = 0.969) during periods of steady-state despite fundamental algorithmic differences. However, in terms of dynamic behavior, the WAV(CNS) offers faster tracking of transitory changes at induction and emergence, with an average lead of 15-30 s. Furthermore, and conversely to the BIS, the WAV(CNS) regains its preinduction baseline value when patients are responding to verbal command after emergence from anesthesia. We conclude that the proposed analysis technique is an attractive alternative to BIS monitoring. In addition, we show that the WAV(CNS) dynamics can be modeled as a linear time invariant transfer function. This index is, therefore, well suited for use as a feedback sensor in advisory systems, closed-loop control schemes, and for the identification of the pharmacodynamic models of anesthetic drugs.
Singing information processing based on singing voice modeling (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel area of research referred to as singing information processing. To shape the concept of this area, we first introduce singing understanding systems for synchronizing between vocal melody and corresponding lyrics, identifying the singer name, evaluating singing skills, creating hyperlinks between phrases in the lyrics of songs, and detecting breath sounds. We then introduce music information retrieval systems based on similarity of vocal melody timbre and vocal percussion, and singing synthesis systems. Common signal processing techniques for modeling singing voices that are used in these systems, such as techniques for extracting the vocal melody from polyphonic music recordings and modeling the lyrics by using phoneme HMMs for singing voices, are discussed.
A realistic comparison of biaxial performance of nylon 6,6 and nylon 6 fabrics used in passive restraints?airbags (1996)

Nylon has been the material of choice for airbag construction because of its specific strength and dimensional stability during deployment. Of the nylons, nylon 6,6 has been widely used in airbag construction. In this article, we attempted to compare the performance of several commercial nylon 6,6 and nylon 6 fabrics offered, for use, to the auto industry. The performance of four traditional nylon 6,6 fabrics are compared with identical fabrics made from nylon 6 fibers. We used a test procedure championed by Chrysler but was developed in our laboratory called the blister-inflation. This test mimics the biaxial deformation of airbag fabric in a manner similar to the deformation of airbag fabric during actual deployment. Several other engineering properties of interest in airbag application are also addressed in this article for comparison purposes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tm-Yb Doped Optical Fiber Performance with Variation of Host-Glass Composition (2015)

The fabrication process of Thulium-Ytterbium doped optical fiber comprising different host glass through the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD) coupled with solution doping technique is presented. The material and optical performance of different fibers are compared with special emphasis on their lasing efficiency for 2 µm application.
Compact Dual-Band Antenna Using an Anisotropic Metamaterial (2006)

This paper presents a resonant type dual-band antenna with compact size which is realized by using an anisotropic metamaterial. The artificial anisotropic medium is implemented by employing a composite right/left-handed transmission line. The dispersion relation and the antenna physical size only depend on the composition of the unit cell and the number of cells used. By engineering the characteristics of the unit cells to be different in two orthogonal directions, the corresponding propagation constants can be controlled, thus enabling dual-band antenna resonances. In addition, the antenna dimensions can be markedly minimized by maximally reducing the unit cell size. The proposed antenna is designed at frequencies for PCS/Bluetooth applications. The physical size of the proposed dual-band antenna is 1/17λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> x1/17λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> x1/19λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free space wavelength at 2.37GHz.
A pairwise ranking based approach to learning with positive and unlabeled examples (2011)

A large fraction of binary classification problems arising in web applications are of the type where the positive class is well defined and compact while the negative class comprises everything else in the distribution for which the classifier is developed; it is hard to represent and sample from such a broad negative class. Classifiers based only on positive and unlabeled examples reduce human annotation effort significantly by removing the burden of choosing a representative set of negative examples. Various methods have been proposed in the literature for building such classifiers. Of these, the state of the art methods are Biased SVM and Elkan & Noto's methods. While these methods often work well in practice, they are computationally expensive since hyperparameter tuning is very important, particularly when the size of labeled positive examples set is small and class imbalance is high. In this paper we propose a pairwise ranking based approach to learn from positive and unlabeled examples (LPU) and we give a theoretical justification for it. We present a pairwise RankSVM (RSVM) based method for our approach. The method is simple, efficient, and its hyperparameters are easy to tune. A detailed experimental study using several benchmark datasets shows that the proposed method gives competitive classification performance compared to the mentioned state of the art methods, while training 3-10 times faster. We also propose an efficient AUC based feature selection technique in the LPU setting and demonstrate its usefulness on the datasets. To get an idea of the goodness of the LPU methods we compare them against supervised learning (SL) methods that also make use of negative examples in training. SL methods give a slightly better performance than LPU methods when there is a rich set of negative examples; however, they are inferior when the number of negative training examples is not large enough.
Explicit Construction of Optimal Exact Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage (2009)

Erasure coding techniques are used to increase the reliability of distributed storage systems while minimizing storage overhead. Also of interest is minimization of the bandwidth required to repair the system following a node failure. In a recent paper, Wu et al. characterize the tradeoff between the repair bandwidth and the amount of data stored per node. They also prove the existence of regenerating codes that achieve this tradeoff. In this paper, we introduce Exact Regenerating Codes, which are regenerating codes possessing the additional property of being able to duplicate the data stored at a failed node. Such codes require low processing and communication overheads, making the system practical and easy to maintain. Explicit construction of exact regenerating codes is provided for the minimum bandwidth point on the storage-repair bandwidth tradeoff, relevant to distributed-mail-server applications. A subspace based approach is provided and shown to yield necessary and sufficient conditions on a linear code to possess the exact regeneration property as well as prove the uniqueness of our construction. Also included in the paper, is an explicit construction of regenerating codes for the minimum storage point for parameters relevant to storage in peer-to-peer systems. This construction supports a variable number of nodes and can handle multiple, simultaneous node failures. All constructions given in the paper are of low complexity, requiring low field size in particular.
RECAP: A region-based cure for the common cold (cache) (2013)

Virtualization has become a magic bullet to increase utilization, improve security, lower costs, and reduce management overheads. In many scenarios, the number of virtual machines consolidated onto a single processor has grown even faster than the number of hardware threads. This results in multiprogrammed virtualization where many virtual machines time-share a single processor core. Such fine-grain sharing comes at a cost; each time a virtual machine gets scheduled by the hypervisor, it effectively begins with a “cold” cache, since any cache blocks it accessed in the past have likely been evicted by other virtual machines. Recently, cache restoration prefetchers have been shown to reduce the cold cache effects caused by multiprogrammed virtualization. However, these prefetchers waste large amounts of bandwidth prefetching many useless blocks and writing and reading metadata to and from memory. Using block reuse based filtering, we enhance two existing cache restoration prefetchers and reduce their bandwidth overheads by 16% and 32%, with slowdowns of only 0.5% and 0.6%. We also propose a Region-Based Cache Restoration Prefetcher (RECAP), which groups cache blocks into coarse-grain regions of memory, and predicts which regions contain useful blocks to prefetch the next time the current virtual machine executes. Based on these predictions, and using a simple compression technique that exploits spatial locality, RECAP provides a robust prefetcher that improves performance by up to 42% for some applications and only uses 14% more bandwidth and 3.5% more power than a stride prefetcher, on average. Compared to other prefetchers designed for multiprogrammed virtualization, RECAP provides comparable performance while using an average of 12% to 27% less bandwidth, and reducing the energy-delay product of the L2 cache and main memory by 12% to 13% on average.
Mercury Oxidation via Catalytic Barrier Filters Phase II (2007)

In 2004, the Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory awarded the University of North Dakota a Phase II University Coal Research grant to explore the feasibility of using barrier filters coated with a catalyst to oxidize elemental mercury in coal combustion flue gas streams. Oxidized mercury is substantially easier to remove than elemental mercury. If successful, this technique has the potential to substantially reduce mercury control costs for those installations that already utilize baghouse barrier filters for particulate removal. Completed in 2004, Phase I of this project successfully met its objectives of screening and assessing the possible feasibility of using catalyst coated barrier filters for the oxidation of vapor phase elemental mercury in coal combustion generated flue gas streams. Completed in September 2007, Phase II of this project successfully met its three objectives. First, an effective coating method for a catalytic barrier filter was found. Second, the effects of a simulated flue gas on the catalysts in a bench-scale reactor were determined. Finally, the performance of the best catalyst was assessed using real flue gas generated by a 19 kW research combustor firing each of three separate coal types.
On-chip low spatially coherent laser with directional emission (2019)

We design and fabricate an electrically pumped semiconductor laser producing a directional beam with low spatial coherence. The device features decoherence time of a few nanoseconds, which will enable ultrafast speckle-free imaging and sensing.
Intrablock Interleaving for Batched Network Coding with Blockwise\n Adaptive Recoding (2021)

Batched network coding (BNC) is a low-complexity solution to network\ntransmission in multi-hop packet networks with packet loss. BNC encodes the\nsource data into batches of packets. As a network coding scheme, the\nintermediate nodes perform recoding on the received packets belonging to the\nsame batch instead of just forwarding them. A recoding scheme that may generate\nmore recoded packets for batches of a higher rank is also called adaptive\nrecoding. Meanwhile, in order to combat burst packet loss, the transmission of\na block of batches can be interleaved. Stream interleaving studied in\nliterature achieves the maximum separation among any two consecutive packets of\na batch, but permutes packets across blocks and hence cannot bound the buffer\nsize and the latency. To resolve the issue of stream interleaver, we design an\nintrablock interleaver for adaptive recoding that can preserve the advantages\nof using a block interleaver when the number of recoded packets is the same for\nall batches. We use potential energy in classical mechanics to measure the\nperformance of an interleaver, and propose an algorithm to optimize the\ninterleaver with this performance measure. Our problem formulation and\nalgorithm for intrablock interleaving are also of independent interest.\n
Phytol derivatives as novel immunoadjuvants (87.33) (2010)

Abstract Adjuvants are widely used to influence the course of immune response. Improved adjuvants tailored to immunogens are much sought after. In order to achieve this, we are developing new adjuvants based on chemically modified phytol (J Immune Based Ther. Vaccines 2006, 5:4). We developed hydrogenated/nitrated or glycosylated derivatives of phytol (US patent pending). These compounds exhibit excellent adjuvanticity, and in some respects seem superior to Alum or Freunds’ adjuvants. In this study, we show using cytokine microarray how they influence host microenvironment in the peritoneal lavages of BALB/c mice after injection of phytol adjuvants alone or in combination with different antigens. Our results indicate that 1) within 2 hr after injection there was increase in levels of chemotactic factors MCP-1, KC, MIP-1, LIX and IL-6. 2) The levels of these cytokines were more pronounced with PHIS-01 compared to PHIS-02 and PHIS-03. At 24 hours after injection, the inflammatory cascade was amplified stimulating the production of other cytokines that could involve cells of acquired immunity such as B-lymphocyte chemo-attractant (BLC), T-cell activation-3 (TCA), IL-12 , TIMP-1; in addition, they induced innate immunity-related chemotactic factors. Unlike alum, there was no induction of IL-1β and IL-4 suggesting a different mode of action. We also noted that the cytokine profiles significantly changed when protein antigens were incorporated with the phytol-derived adjuvants.
Access method concurrency with recovery (1992)

Providing high concurrency in B+-trees has been studied extensively. But few efforts have been documented for combining concurrency methods with a recovery scheme that preserves well-formed trees across system crashes. We describe an approach for this that works for a class of index trees that is a generalization of the Blink-tree. A major feature of our method is that it works with a range of different recovery methods. It achieves this by decomposing structure changes in an index tree into a sequence of atomic actions, each one leaving the tree well-formed and each working on a separate level of the tree. All atomic actions on levels of the tree above the leaf level are independent of database transactions, and so are of short duration.
Laser-air hybrid ultrasonic technique for dynamic railroad inspection applications (2005)

The Laser-Air Hybrid Ultrasonic Technique (LAHUT) combines laser generation with air-coupled detection of ultrasound. The technique is non-contact and has the characteristic of operating from remote distances. Acoustic wave laser-generation apparatus can be metres away from the interrogated surface, while air-coupled detection stand-off can be on the order of several centimetres. The technique has the unique capability of interrogating structural materials in their true industrial environment. Dynamic tests are performed on parts with complex geometry, limited accessibility and curved surfaces. Also, dark and rough finish surfaces, which significantly reduce the efficiency of optical detection techniques, can be interrogated successfully. These characteristics make the LAHUT ideal for many industrial applications including the rail industry. It was developed for railroad inspections targeting the most critical cracks in rails and wheels. State-of-the-art inspection techniques available to the rail industry often miss Vertical Split Head (VSH) and Transverse Detail Defect (TDD), which lie in unfavourable positions and orientations in the rail head. No method exists to perform dynamic inspections of the rail base or any part of the railroad wheel. Laboratory experiments were performed for the detection of TDD and Proof Of Concept (POC) field tests were performed for VSH, rail base cracks, thermal fatigue cracks along the wheel flange and tread and subsurface Shattered Rim Cracks (SRC) along the wheel tread. The results were successful and highly repeatable. The technique lennds itself for digital collection anal automated processing of data, making the LAHUT a very strong candidate for next-generation rail inspection technique.
Computer-aided morphometry of liver inflammation in needle biopsies (2005)

The availability of rigorous metrical measures and the reasonable representativeness of the status of the organ as a whole raise the question as to whether the indication for hepatic biopsy should be revised by establishing clear rules concerning the contraindications suggested by its invasiveness and subjective interpretation.
Fast wavelength-parallel polarization sensor for multi-wavelength optical networks (2003)

A wavelength-parallel polarization sensor has been developed for measuring the complete state of polarization of over 100 wavelengths in parallel within 1 millisecond.
The presence of the FRA12E/SMRT fragile site in the genome of prostate cancer patients is a predictor of metastatic development (2006)

A60 Background: The Silencing Mediator of Retinoic Acid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor (SMRT) gene that maps at chromosome 12q24 is a transcriptional co-repressor. Based on previous experiments in our Laboratory, we determined that prostate cancer cell lines and samples from prostate cancer patients with advanced disease have altered SMRT expression. We mapped a fragile site (FRA12E) within the SMRT gene. We hypothesized that patients with metastatic CaP have a higher incidence of FRA12E in their genome.Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 14 healthy men, 14 prostate cancer patients with no evidence of disease >5 years from diagnosis, and 14 men with metastatic CaP. Each sample was set in culture in the presence of aphidicoline (an inducer of fragile sites); chromosomes were harvested and fixed using classical cytogenetic techniques. SMRT-specific BAC clones were used in fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) experiments using the patient9s metaphase chromosomes. Images were collected, scored, and analyzed for a disrupted FISH signal indicative of FRA12E presence. Clinical data were also recorded.Results: The results of this pilot study showed that 1/14 healthy individual was carrier of the FRA12E fragile site, none of the patients with no evidence of disease >5 years from their primary diagnostic were carrier of the fragile site whereas all the patients with spread disease studied were carrier.Discussion: This pilot study examines the incidence of FRA12E in the genome of prostate cancer patients and suggests that the presence of FRA12E may be a useful predictor for the development of metastatic disease. Larger studies are underway to validate this potentially powerful metastatic predictor.
Combined HPV Genotyping and Cell-Based E6, E7 mRNA (HPV OncoTect) Detection in Cervical Cytology Specimens Performed on a Molecular Hybrid Platform (MoHP) Maximizes Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value (2008)

Background: Current cervical cancer screening relies on cervical cytologic diagnosis combined with high risk HPV DNA (HR HPV) detection. This screening algorithm identifies women at risk for developing cervical cancer with high sensitivity and high negative predictive value. The positive predictive value (PPV) of HR HPV DNA detection for biopsy proven pre-cancerous lesions, however, is low (15%-25%).Objectives: In this study, we sought to combine HPV tests with high sensitivity and high positive predictive value to develop a cervical cancer screening test bundle with optimal clinical performance that can be run on the same compact instrument.Materials and Methods: We collected 100 cytologically normal samples in ThinPrep PreservCyt liquid and 20 samples in ThinPrep PreservCyt liquid of women with biopsy proven CIN 2 or above. All samples were analyzed using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2, Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA), bead-based HPV Genotyping (Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA), and HPV OncoTect (Invirion Diagnostics, Oakbrook Il, USA) for cell-based E6, E7 mRNA expression. Analysis of bead-based HPV Genotyping and HPV OncoTect were performed on the same MoHP (Invirion Diagnostics, Oakbrook Il, USA). Results: HPV Genotyping had a 95% sensitivity for CIN 2 or above and HPV OncoTect had a 90% PPV for CIN 2 or above. By comparison, HC2 had a 90% sensitivity for CIN 2 or above and a PPV of 50%. Of the 18 cytologically normal samples that were positive by HC2, five were negative by genotyping and four were HPV type 70 a non-high risk genotype.Conclusions: In summary, HPV genotyping and HPV OncoTect can be performed on the same, compact, cost-effective instrument and provide superior performance for cervical cancer screening compared to HPV DNA alone.