gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The passivation of electrically active sites on the surface of crystalline silicon by fluorination (1985)

A nonoxide surface passivation for crystalline silicon is described. It involves the fluorination of the silicon surface. Characterization by photoconductive lifetime measurements and C–V measurements on MIS structures indicate that the fluorinated silicon surface is extraordinarily electrically passive, ≲1010 traps per cm2. Our technique for producing such high quality surfaces is described as is a novel gate insulator structure employing organic thin films. Potential device advantages of this alternative to oxide technology are also discussed.
Immunoglobulin Preparation: Safe from Virus Transmission? (1989)

The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis associated with the administration of immunoglobulin preparations, especially intravenous preparations, which had been considered to be free from virus transmission, is reported. Research efforts to improve the safety of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations which could be administered in a large volume must be continued. Adding sorbitol under weakly acidic conditions, heat treatment of IgG at 60°C for 10 h is possible. Intravenous immunoglobulin preparation manufactured by polyethylene glycol fractionation followed by the heat treatment is not only intact, but also much closer to the ideal intravenous immunoglobulin preparation in the safety and stability.
Laser direct writing of volume modified Fresnel zone plates (2007)

Volume zone plates consisting of a number of Fresnel zone plate layers are designed and fabricated inside a fused silica by the femtosecond laser direct writing method. Light diffracted from different layers of a volume zone plate constructively interfere at the focal spot to increase diffraction efficiency. The technique is experimentally verified to be effective for both low-numerical-aperture (NA) and high-NA zone plates, resulting in a significant increase in overall diffraction efficiency. The spatial resolution of a high NA volume zone plate is 500 nm.
Comparison between<i>rpoB</i>and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Molecular Identification of 168 Clinical Isolates of<i>Corynebacterium</i> (2005)

Higher proportions (91%) of 168 corynebacterial isolates were positively identified by partial rpoB gene determination than by that based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. This method is thus a simple, molecular-analysis-based method for identification of corynebacteria, but it should be used in conjunction with other tests for definitive identification.
Magnetic field sensors using arrays of electrospun magnetoelectric Janus nanowires (2018)

The fabrication and characterization of the first magnetoelectric sensors utilizing arrays of Janus magnetoelectric composite nanowires composed of barium titanate and cobalt ferrite are presented. By utilizing magnetoelectric nanowires suspended across electrodes above the substrate, substrate clamping is reduced when compared to layered thin-film architectures; this results in enhanced magnetoelectric coupling. Janus magnetoelectric nanowires are fabricated by sol-gel electrospinning, and their length is controlled through the electrospinning and calcination conditions. Using a directed nanomanufacturing approach, the nanowires are then assembled onto pre-patterned metal electrodes on a silicon substrate using dielectrophoresis. Using this process, functional magnetic field sensors are formed by connecting many nanowires in parallel. The observed magnetic field sensitivity from the parallel array of nanowires is 0.514 ± .027 mV Oe<sup>-1</sup> at 1 kHz, which translates to a magnetoelectric coefficient of 514 ± 27 mV cm<sup>-1</sup> Oe<sup>-1</sup>.
Expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen by CD8+ T cells specific for a skin-tropic virus (2002)

Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells traffic to infected tissues to promote clearance of infection. We used herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as a model system to investigate CD8(+) T cell trafficking to the skin in humans. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I tetramers, we observed that HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the peripheral blood expressed high levels of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). In contrast, CD8(+) T cells specific for non-skin-tropic herpesviruses lacked CLA expression. CLA-positive HSV-2-specific CD8(+) T cells had the characteristics of central memory cells, expressing CCR7, CD62L, and CD28, and they proliferated briskly in response to antigen. CLA is related to a functional E-selectin ligand, and both E-selectin and CLA-positive cells were detected in HSV-2-infected skin. HSV-2-specific T cells adhered to cells transfected with E-selectin. A higher proportion of HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells recovered from herpes lesions express CLA compared with blood, consistent with a role for CLA in skin homing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of expression of tissue-specific adhesion-associated molecules by virus-specific CD8(+) T cells. The evaluation of vaccines for skin and mucosal pathogens should include study of the induction of appropriate tissue-specific homing molecules.
Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater from the Production of Chemi-Thermomechanical Pulp (1985)

The anaerobic treatment of waste water from the production of peroxide-bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp was studied. Hydrogen peroxide had to be removed from the waste water before treatment in a methane producing reactor was possible. Peroxide in concentrations up to 200 mg/1 could be removed from the waste water by means of degradation in an acidogenic reactor, the first stage in an anaerobic two-stage process. A system consisting of a prestage and a subsequent acidogenic reactor could successfully remove peroxide in a concentration of 1200 mg/l from the waste water. The prestage was continuously fed with sludge from the acidogenic reactor. The redox potential in the acidogenic stage of a two-stage process proved to be a valuable control parameter when treating waste water containing peroxide. Adaptation of the methanogenic microflora to inhibitory compounds in the waste water was possible. Treatment of the waste water in a pilot plant at low loading rates gave a COD reduction of 50-60% and a methane yield of 0.3 Nm3/kg COD reduced.
On flow control and scheduling in time-shared wireless packet data channels (2006)

In high-speed wireless packet data networks such as 1xEV-DV, 1xEV-DO and HSDPA, the mobiles periodically (on the order of 1-2 ms) report channel quality information to the Base Station which then uses this information to schedule mobiles on the forward link over a slotted time-shared channel. The rate at which a mobile is served varies widely (by orders of magnitude) from slot to slot. Since each time a mobile switches to a new cell all data queued at the old cell must be forwarded on to the new cell for transmission it is desirable to keep only a limited amount of queued data at the cell. Therefore, due to the fluctuating servicing of data, the fluctuating arrival of data and the desire to maintain a small queue at the Base Station, flow control between the Base Station Controller and the Base Station is necessary. In this paper we consider this flow control problem and its interaction with the scheduling mechanism at the Base Station. We show that, for best effort traffic, instead of controlling the flow for each individual user one can maintain good performance by controlling the flow to a shared buffer. This results in reduced signaling overhead. We also show that for QoS traffic, minimal flow control is necessary.
Multi-Level Cu Interconnects Integration and Characterization with Air Gap as Ultra-Low K Material Formed using a Hybrid Sacrificial Oxide / Polymer Stack (2007)

The introduction of air gaps in multi-level Cu interconnect stacks will be mandatory to achieve high performance signal propagation characteristics for advanced technology node. In this paper, air cavities were successfully introduced in a two-metal level interconnect stack using respectively a polymer and a sacrificial SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at via and metal levels. Combined with a diluted HF chemistry and specific HF diffusion pathways patterned in a SiC liner, the ability to localize the introduction of air cavities in a dedicated large electrical area was demonstrated. Electrical characteristics and mechanical simulations demonstrated the interest of the approach with respect to ultra-low K material integration issues.
Structural analysis of the principal immunodominant domain of the feline immunodeficiency virus transmembrane glycoprotein (1995)

In the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein (TM) of lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), two cysteine residues, conserved in most retroviruses, are thought to form a loop containing five to seven amino acids. These elements make up a B-cell epitope recognized by nearly 100% of sera from infected patients or animals, designated the principal immunodominant domain (PID). The PID amino acid sequences are highly conserved between isolates of the same lentivirus but are unrelated, except for the two cysteines, when divergent lentiviruses are compared. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between amino acid sequence in the PID and envelope function. We introduced two kinds of mutations in the PID of FIV: mutations which impeded the formation of a loop and mutations which substituted the sequence of FIV with the corresponding sequences from other lentiviruses, HIV-1, visna virus, and equine infectious anemia virus. We analyzed antibody recognition, processing, and fusogenic properties of the modified envelopes, using two methods of Env expression: a cell-free expression system and transfection of a feline fibroblast cell line with gag-pol-deleted FIV proviruses. Most mutations in the PID of FIV severely affected envelope processing and abolished syncytium formation. Only the chimeric envelope containing the HIV-1 PID sequence was correctly processed and maintained the capacity to induce syncytium formation, although less efficiently than the wild-type envelope. We computed three-dimensional structural models of the PID, which were consistent with mutagenesis data and confirmed the similarity of FIV and HIV-1 PID structures, despite their divergence in amino acid sequence. Considering these results, we discussed the respective importance of selection exerted by functional requirements or host antibodies to explain the observed variations of the PIDs in lentiviruses.
Development of a Multiplex Selected Reaction Monitoring Assay for Quantification of Biochemical Markers of Down Syndrome in Amniotic Fluid Samples (2012)

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities affecting about 1 of every 700 fetuses. Current screening strategies have detection rates of 90-95% at a 5% false positive rate. The aim of this study was to discover new biomarkers of DS in amniotic fluid by using a multiplex selected reaction monitoring assay. Nine proteins were analyzed: CEL, CPA1, MUC13, CLCA1, MUC5AC, PLUNC, and HAPLN1, and CGB as positive control and serotransferrin as negative control. One proteotypic peptide for each protein was selected, and internal heavy isotope-labeled peptide standards were spiked into the samples. Fifty-four samples from pregnant women carrying normal (n = 37) or DS-affected (n = 17) fetuses were analyzed. The median protein concentrations for DS and normal samples, respectively, were as follows: 20 and 49 ng/mL (p < 0.01) for CEL; 3.7 and 14 ng/mL (p < 0.001) for CPA1; 80 and 263 ng/mL (p < 0.001) for MUC13; 46 and 135 ng/mL (p < 0.001) for CLCA1; 0.65 and 0.93 μg/mL (p < 0.05) for MUC5AC; 61 and 73 ng/mL (p > 0.05) for PLUNC; 144 and 86 ng/mL (p < 0.01) for HAPLN1; 0.89 and 0.54 μg/mL (p = 0.05) for CGB; 91 and 87 μg/mL (p > 0.05) for serotransferrin. Statistically significant differences were found in six out of the seven candidate proteins analyzed, reflecting a different regulation in DS.
An exon-specific U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) strategy to correct splicing defects (2012)

A significant proportion of disease-causing mutations affect precursor-mRNA splicing, inducing skipping of the exon from the mature transcript. Using F9 exon 5, CFTR exon 12 and SMN2 exon 7 models, we characterized natural mutations associated to exon skipping in Haemophilia B, cystic fibrosis and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), respectively, and the therapeutic splicing rescue by using U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). In minigene expression systems, loading of U1 snRNA by complementarity to the normal or mutated donor splice sites (5'ss) corrected the exon skipping caused by mutations at the polypyrimidine tract of the acceptor splice site, at the consensus 5'ss or at exonic regulatory elements. To improve specificity and reduce potential off-target effects, we developed U1 snRNA variants targeting non-conserved intronic sequences downstream of the 5'ss. For each gene system, we identified an exon-specific U1 snRNA (ExSpeU1) able to rescue splicing impaired by the different types of mutations. Through splicing-competent cDNA constructs, we demonstrated that the ExSpeU1-mediated splicing correction of several F9 mutations results in complete restoration of secreted functional factor IX levels. Furthermore, two ExSpeU1s for SMA improved SMN exon 7 splicing in the chromosomal context of normal cells. We propose ExSpeU1s as a novel therapeutic strategy to correct, in several human disorders, different types of splicing mutations associated with defective exon definition.
High-performance low-memory interleaver banks for turbo-codes (2002)

A new method of designing high-performance, low-memory, interleaver banks for turbo-codes is presented. The new interleavers are called dithered relative prime (DRP) interleavers. Only a small number of parameters are required to both store and implement each interleaver in the bank. The error rate performance is similar to that achieved by other good interleaver designs that typically require the storage of all K indexes for each interleaver of length K.
Management of patients with multiple rib fractures (2001)

Multiple rib fractures in trauma patients are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Delayed morbidity for patients with rib fractures is often a result of hypoventilation leading to atelectasis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure. Pain management was first recognized as an important factor in preventing complications in these patients. Later, management of the respiratory system became more widely recognized as a major factor in patients' care. It is now known that patients with multiple rib fractures benefit most from adequate pain control, rapid mobilization, and meticulous respiratory care to prevent complications. A protocol based on a synthesis of the existing literature is developed. Development of such a protocol for decisions about rapid mobilization, respiratory support, and pain management is the first step in testing the hypothesis that these interventions will decrease the length of patients' stay in intensive care units.
217 Anterior and posterior tongue activity measurement using triaxial force sensor (2013)

In this research, we fabricated triaxial force sensors which can measure tongue activities. In order to analyze the role of tongue activity of front part (anterior tongue) and back part (posterior) of the tongue, we fixed two triaxial force sensors to the palate. Our triaxial force sensors also have temperature sensors, which can measure the temperature change in the mouth so that temperature drift of the force sensors output can be compensated. In the liquid-swallowing experiment, pressure and shear force distributions were observed to clarify tongue motion. We measured and calculated anterior and posterior tongue activities during swallowing, and found that anterior tongue activity was larger than posterior tongue activity. These results indicated that the anterior tongue works as an anchor and the posterior tongue works as an actuator which transports the food or liquid to the throat.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions in Poly(ethylene oxide) (2005)

Abstract Dispersions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) assisted by a lithium‐based anionic surfactant demonstrate an electrical percolation of 0.03 wt.‐% and a geometrical percolation, inferred from melt rheometry, of 0.09 wt.‐%. Both the melting temperature and the extent of crystallinity of the PEO crystals decrease with increasing SWNT loading. Raman spectroscopy of the nanocomposites indicates a down‐shift of the SWNT G‐modes and suggests that the nanotubes are subjected to tensile stress transfer from the polymer at room temperature.
DeComplex: Task planning from complex natural instructions by a collocating robot (2020)

As the number of robots in our daily surroundings like home, office, restaurants, factory floors, etc. are increasing rapidly, the development of natural human-robot interaction mechanism becomes more vital as it dictates the usability and acceptability of the robots. One of the valued features of such a cohabitant robot is that it performs tasks that are instructed in natural language. However, it is not trivial to execute the human intended tasks as natural language expressions can have large linguistic variations. Existing works assume either single task instruction is given to the robot at a time or there are multiple independent tasks in an instruction. However, complex task instructions composed of multiple inter-dependent tasks are not handled efficiently in the literature. There can be ordering dependency among the tasks, i.e., the tasks have to be executed in a certain order or there can be execution dependency, i.e., input parameter or execution of a task depends on the outcome of another task. Understanding such dependencies in a complex instruction is not trivial if an unconstrained natural language is allowed. In this work, we propose a method to find the intended order of execution of multiple inter-dependent tasks given in natural language instruction. Based on our experiment, we show that our system is very accurate in generating a viable execution plan from a complex instruction.
A nematic liquid crystal storage display based on bistable boundary layer configurations (1982)

We describe a new twisted nematic liquid crystal display effect exhibiting bistable equilibrium states under an applied field. Each state is characterized by a boundary layer configuration whose properties provide for optical differentiation of the states. The basic principles, optics, and switching properties of this device are discussed.
Wide-Band Audio Coding Based on Frequency-Domain Linear Prediction (2010)

We revisit an original concept of speech coding in which the signal is separated into the carrier modulated by the signal envelope. A recently developed technique, called frequency-domain linear prediction (FDLP), is applied for the efficient estimation of the envelope. The processing in the temporal domain allows for a straightforward emulation of the forward temporal masking. This, combined with an efficient nonuniform sub-band decomposition and application of noise shaping in spectral domain instead of temporal domain (a technique to suppress artifacts in tonal audio signals), yields a codec that does not rely on the linear speech production model but rather uses well-accepted concept of frequency-selective auditory perception. As such, the codec is not only specific for coding speech but also well suited for coding other important acoustic signals such as music and mixed content. The quality of the proposed codec at 66âkbps is evaluated using objective and subjective quality assessments. The evaluation indicates competitive performance with the MPEG codecs operating at similar bit rates.
Low noise figure, high gain, high conversion efficiency L-band EDFA (1999)

We report a novel L-band EDFA uses in-line tilted fiber Bragg gratings to filter the C-band ASE. This amplifier has a low external noise figure (<4.5 dB), high gain (>27 dB) over a 33 nm bandwidth, and high power conversion efficiency of 24.3%.
Multi-Layer Multi-Instance Learning for Video Concept Detection (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a novel learning-based method, called “multi-layer multi-instance (MLMI) learning,” for video concept detection. Most of existing methods have treated video as a flat data sequence and have not investigated the <emphasis emphasistype="italic">intrinsic hierarchy structure</emphasis> of the video content deeply. However, video is essentially a kind of media with ML structure. For example, a video can be represented by a hierarchical structure including, from large to small, <emphasis emphasistype="italic">shot</emphasis>, <emphasis emphasistype="italic">frame</emphasis>, and <emphasis emphasistype="italic">region</emphasis>, where each pair of contiguous layers fits the typical MI setting. We call such a ML structure and the MI relations embedded in the structure as the MLMI setting. In this paper, we systematically study both ML structure and MI relations embedded in video content by formulating video concept detection as a MLMI learning problem. Specifically, we first construct a MLMI kernel to simultaneously model such ML structure and MI relations. To deal with the <emphasis emphasistype="italic">ambiguity propagation</emphasis> problem which is introduced by weak labeling and ML structure, we then propose a regularization framework which takes <emphasis emphasistype="italic">hyper-bag</emphasis> prediction error, sublayer prediction error, inter-layer inconsistency measure, and classifier complexity into consideration. We have applied the proposed MLMI learning method to concept detection task over TRECVid 2005 development corpus, and report better performance to vector-based and the state-of-the-art MI learning methods. </para>
Highly Durable Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Analysis and design of latch-controlled synchronous digital circuits (1992)

The authors present a succinct formulation of the timing constraints for latch-controlled synchronous digital circuits. It is shown that the constraints are mildly nonlinear. The equivalence of the nonlinear optimal cycle time calculation problem to an associated and simpler linear programming (LP) problem is proved. A LP-based algorithm which is guaranteed to obtain the optimal cycle time for arbitrary circuits controlled by a general class of multiphase overlapped clocks is presented. The formulation and an initial implementation of the algorithm on some example circuits are illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combination vaccines (2011)

The combination of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines into a single product has been central to the protection of the pediatric population over the past 50 years. The addition of inactivated polio, Haemophilus influenzae, and hepatitis B vaccines into the combination has facilitated the introduction of these vaccines into recommended immunization schedules by reducing the number of injections required and has therefore increased immunization compliance. However, the development of these combinations encountered numerous challenges, including the reduced response to Haemophilus influenzae vaccine when given in combination; the need to consolidate the differences in the immunization schedule (hepatitis B); and the need to improve the safety profile of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis combination. Here, we review these challenges and also discuss future prospects for combination vaccines.