gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Imaging System for Simultaneous Spiral MR and X-ray (MRX) Scans (2016)

The needs and the feasibility of simultaneous computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recently reported. In this paper, a spiral magnetic resonance X-ray CT (MRX) imaging system is proposed for head and extremities imaging, which serves as a simple, cost-effective solution on the path to a full-scale CT-MRI fusion. While MRI and X-ray radiography were integrated before, we propose novel designs to acquire simultaneous CT and MR views for synchronized radiographic imaging or joint tomographic reconstruction. Our preliminary permanent magnet configurations achieve a magnetic field strength between 0.1 and 0.2 T while keeping weight low enough for portability. We have also shown that a field strength up to 0.35 T is achievable with permanent magnets that maintain a compact profile, though increased weight would hinder ease of transportation. Simulation results of a joint tomographic reconstruction scheme show the advantage of simultaneously acquired images. The proposed MRX system performs double helical scans in CT and MRI mechanisms, and has multiple niche applications, such as medical imaging on disaster sites, in battle fields, and for under-developed regions.
High-shear treatment of single-walled carbon nanotube—superacid solutions as a pre-processing technique for the assembly of fibres and films (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) show great promise for use in a wide range of applications. One of the most promising avenues for attaining these applications is the dispersion of SWNTs at high concentrations in superacids, and their processing into macroscopic articles such as fibres or films. Fibres spun from SWNT/superacid dispersions indicate that the morphology of the starting SWNT material is reflected in the final morphology of the as-spun fibre. Here, we describe a method (termed disentanglement) of dispersing SWNTs in superacids and treating them using a high-shear, rotor/stator homogenizer, followed by coagulation to recover the solid SWNT material for use in fibre spinning. Several lines of experimental evidence (rheology and optical microscopy of the SWNTs in solution, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the coagulated material, and SEM of fibres spun from the coagulated material) show that this treatment radically improves the degree of alignment in the SWNTs' morphology, which in turn improves the dispersibility and processability. Raman microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) before and after homogenization show that the treatment does not damage the SWNTs. Although this technique is particularly useful as a pre-processing step for fibre spinning of neat SWNT fibres, it is also useful for neat SWNT films, SWNT/polymer composites, and surfactant- or polymer-stabilized SWNT dispersions.
Spin-transfer torque MRAM with reliable 2 ns writing for last level cache applications (2019)

We report for the first time reliable 2 ns switching of spin-transfer torque magneto-resistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) devices by demonstrating 100% write-error-rate (WER) yield at 1e-6 write-error floor of 254 devices with tight distributions and steep WER slope at a nominal size of 49 nm. A single device was demonstrated with 2 ns write pulses to have less than 1e-11 write-error rate, limited only by test time. We further demonstrate reliable 3 ns switching performance, with 99% WER yield at 1e-6 write-error floor of 256 devices with nominal size of 43 nm and a single device with less than 1e-11 write-error rate with a completely different free layer materials design. These two different free layer materials designs address one of the major remaining challenges for STT-MRAM to replace SRAM for last level cache (LLC) applications.
Towards a semantic-aware file store (2003)

Abstract—Traditional hierarchical namespaces are not sufficient for representing and managing the rich semantics of today’s storage systems. In this paper, we discuss the principles of semantic-aware file stores. We identify the requirements of applications and end-users and propose to use a generic data model to capture and represent file semantics. A distinct challenge that we face is to handle dynamic evolution of the data schemas. Further, we outline a framework of basic relations and tools for generating and using semantic metadata. The proposed data model and framework are aimed to be more generic and flexible than what is offered by existing semantic file systems. We envision a range of applications and tools that will exploit semantic information, ranging from personal storage systems with features for advanced searching and roaming access, to enterprise systems supporting distributed data location or archiving. 1
E6AP Mediates Regulated Proteasomal Degradation of the Nuclear Receptor Coactivator Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 in Immortalized Cells (2006)

The steroid receptor coactivator oncogene, amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1; also known as ACTR/RAC-3/TRAM-1/SRC-3/p/CIP), is amplified and overexpressed in a variety of epithelial tumors. AIB1 has been reported to have roles in both steroid-dependent and steroid-independent transcription during tumor progression. In this report, we describe that the cellular levels of AIB1 are controlled through regulated proteasomal degradation. We found that serum withdrawal or growth in high cell density caused rapid degradation of AIB1 protein, but not mRNA, in immortalized cell lines. Proteasome inhibitors prevented this process, and high molecular weight ubiquitylated species of AIB1 were detected. Nuclear export was required for proteasomal degradation of AIB1 and involved the ubiquitin ligase, E6AP. AIB1/E6AP complexes were detected in cellular extracts, and reduction of cellular E6AP levels with E6AP short interfering RNA prevented proteasomal degradation of AIB1. Conversely, overexpression of E6AP promoted AIB1 degradation. The COOH terminus of AIB1 interacted with E6AP in vitro and deletion of this region in AIB1 rendered it resistant to degradation in cells. From our results, we propose a model whereby signals promoted by changes in the cellular milieu initiate E6AP-mediated proteasomal degradation of AIB1 and thus contribute to the control of steady-state levels of this protein.
Accurate image reconstruction for DOI-PET systems and its implications for the development of economic, compact PET (ezPET) systems (2003)

We study the use of computationally efficient sinogram restoration (SR) approach for reconstruction of PET data acquired by systems with depth-of-interaction (DOI-PET) capability. Our preliminary results show that the proposed approach can yield images of excellent resolution uniformity for a hypothetical compact system with a field-of-view (FOV) as large as 98% of the detector ring size. In comparison with images generated by the conventional rebinning approach, the resolution uniformity across the FOV in the image produced by incorporating SR is improved by a factor of 6, and the spatial resolution at the edge of the FOV is improved by a factor of 2. Moreover, the SR approach produces better intensity recovery and peak positioning. Integration of the use of DOI detectors and SR reconstruction can thus provide a new way for developing economic, compact PET (ezPET) systems. We demonstrate that this ezPET design can produce images of quality comparable with those obtained by a conventional system that employs a detector ring /spl sim/50% larger than the compact system. The much reduced detector ring size of the ezPET system can provide greatly reduced production cost, improved image resolution and resolution uniformity, and increased system sensitivity.
Modified cotton gauze dressings that selectively absorb neutrophil elastase activity in solution (2001)

Dressings for chronic human wounds have been aimed at protection, removal of exudate, and improved appearance. However since the time of ancient Greece wound care and dressing strategies have primarily relied on empiricism. Recent studies have shown that chronic wounds contain high levels of tissue and cytokine destroying proteases including collagenase and neutrophil elastase. Therefore we sought to develop an effective wound dressing that could absorb elastase through affinity sequestration. Cotton gauze was modified by oxidation, phosphorylation, and sulfonation to enhance elastase affinity by ionic or active site uptake. Type VII absorbent cotton gauze was oxidized to dialdehyde cotton which was subsequently converted in part to the bisulfite addition product. Gauze preparations were also phosphorylated and carboxymethylated. Modified cotton gauzes were compared with untreated gauze for reduction of elastase activity in buffered saline. Solutions of elastase that were soaked in oxidized, sulfonated, and phosphorylated cotton gauze showed reduced elastase activity. The initial velocities (v(o)) and turnover rates of elastase showed significant decreases compared with solutions taken from untreated gauze. The reduction in enzyme activity with dialdehyde cotton gauze was confirmed in solution by determining elastase inhibition with dialdehyde starch. The dialdehyde cotton gauze also decreased elastase activity in human wound fluid in a dose response relation based on weight of gauze per volume of wound fluid. Absorbency, pH, air permeability and strength properties of the modified gauze were also compared with untreated cotton gauze. This report shows the effect of reducing elastase activity in solution with cotton containing aldehydic or negatively charged cellulose fibers that may be applicable to treatment modalities in chronic wounds.
High performance and grid computing with quality of service control (2014)

Up to writing this paper, existing High Performance Computing (HPC) systems do not provide proper quality of service (QoS) controls and reliability features because of two limitations: first, standard middleware libraries such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) do not provide means for applications to specify service quality for computation and communication. Second, modern high-speed interconnects such as Infiniband, Myrinet and Quadrics are optimized for performance rather than fault-tolerance and QoS control. The Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe (DCPS) model - the core of Data Distribution Service (DDS) systems - defines standards that enable applications running on heterogeneous platforms to control various QoS policies in a net-centric system. In this paper, we present our novel model of incorporating DDS QoS and reliability controls into HPC systems. Our results show that DDS integration into HPC adds considerable overheard in terms of performance and network utilization, when the application is mainly communication.
360° Video Coding Based on Projection Format Adaptation and Spherical Neighboring Relationship (2018)

This paper describes a 360° video coding scheme submitted in response to the joint call for proposal on video compression for capability beyond HEVC issued by ITU-T SG16 Q.6 (VCEG) and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 (MPEG) in October 2017. The proposed coding scheme uses projection format adaptation and spherical neighboring relationship to improve coding efficiency. A hybrid angular cubemap projection format is used to adapt the sampling within each face. The faces are packed in an adaptive manner, and the frame packing configuration is updated at regular intervals. Geometry padding of reference photographs is used to improve inter prediction. For intra-/inter-prediction and in-loop filters, processes are modified to avoid utilizing “wrong” neighbors in the frame packed photograph. Finally, post-filtering is used to reduce artifacts at face discontinuities. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the superior compression efficiency achieved by the proposed 360° video coding scheme. Based on the end-to-end weighted-to-spherically uniform PSNR metric, it achieves average bit rate savings of 33.9% and 13.5% over the HM and joint exploration model anchors, respectively, encoded in the padded equirectangular projection format.
Cytotoxicity of Murine B Lymphocytes Induced by Human VH4-34 (VH4.21) Gene-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies (1997)

We have previously described specific binding and cytotoxicity of human B lymphocytes by VH4-34 gene-derived anti-i cold agglutinin (CA) mAbs. Here we demonstrate that the carbohydrate ligand recognized by human VH4-34 anti-i CA mAbs is also expressed on murine B lymphocytes. Similar to human B cells, binding of murine B lymphocytes by VH4-34-derived anti-i CA mAbs leads to rapid cytotoxicity of target cells as tested both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the mechanism leading to murine B cell death is also similar to human B cells, since morphologically identical membrane pores were detected within 15 min of mAb exposure by scanning electron microscopy. The conservation of the carbohydrate ligand across species provides an ideal system to study the function of human VH4-34 gene derived Abs in immune regulation.
A Triad of Costimulatory Molecules Synergize to Amplify T‐‐Cell Activation in Both Vector‐‐Based and Vector‐‐Infected Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2003)

The activation of a T cell has been shown to require two signals via molecules present on professional antigen presenting cells: signal 1, via a peptide/MHC complex, and signal 2, via a costimulatory molecule. Here, the role of three costimulatory molecules in the activation of T cells was examined. Poxvirus (vaccinia and avipox) vectors were employed because of their ability to efficiently express multiple genes. Murine cells provided with signal 1 and infected with either recombinant vaccinia or avipox vectors containing a TRIad of COstimulatory Molecules (B7-1/ICAM-1/LFA-3, designated TRICOM) induced the activation of T cells to a far greater extent than cells infected with vectors expressing any one or two costimulatory molecules. Despite this T-cell "hyperstimulation" using TRICOM vectors, no evidence of apoptosis above that seen using the B7-1 vector was observed. Results employing the TRICOM vectors were most dramatic under conditions of either low levels of first signal or low stimulator cell to T-cell ratios. Experiments employing a four-gene construct also showed that TRICOM recombinants could enhance antigen-specific T-cell responses in vivo. These studies thus demonstrate the ability of vectors to introduce three costimulatory molecules into cells, thereby activating both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations to levels greater than those achieved with the use of only one or two costimulatory molecules. This new threshold of T-cell activation has broad implications in vaccine design and development. Dendritic cells infected with TRICOM vectors were found to greatly enhance naïve T-cell activation, and peptide-specific T-cell stimulation. In vivo, peptide-pulsed DCs infected with TRICOM vectors induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity markedly and significantly greater than peptide-pulsed DCs.
NMR Guided Design of Endcaps With Improved Oxidation Resistance (2002)

A polyimide is a polymer composed of alternating units of diamine and dianhydride, linked to each other via an imide bond. PMR polyimides, commonly used in the aerospace industry, are generally capped at each end by a norbornene endcap which serves a double function: (1) It limits the number of repeating units and, hence, the average molecular weight of the various polymer chains (oligomers), thereby improving processibility; (2) Upon further treatment (curing), the endcap crosslinks the various oligomer strands into a tough heat-resistant piece. Norbornenyl-end capped PMR polyimide resins' are widely used as polymer matrix composite materials for aircraft engine applications,2 since they combine ease of processing with good oxidative stability up to 300 C. PMR resins are prepared by a twestep approach involving the initial formation of oligomeric pre-polymers capped at both ends by a latent reactive end cap. The end cap undergoes cross-linking during higher temperature processing, producing the desired low density, high specific strength materials, as shown for PMR-15.
Measles Vaccine Expressing the Secreted Form of West Nile Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Induces Protective Immunity in Squirrel Monkeys, a New Model of West Nile Virus Infection (2012)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in North America and caused numerous cases of human encephalitis, thus urging the development of a vaccine. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of a recombinant measles vaccine (MV) expressing the secreted form of the envelope glycoprotein from WNV to prevent WNV encephalitis in mice. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of this vaccine candidate to control WNV infection in a primate model. We first established experimental WNV infection of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). A high titer of virus was detected in plasma on day 2 after infection, and viremia persisted for 5 days. A single immunization of recombinant MV-WNV vaccine elicited anti-WNV neutralizing antibodies that strongly reduced WNV viremia at challenge. This study demonstrates for the first time the capacity of a recombinant live attenuated measles vector to protect nonhuman primates from a heterologous infectious challenge.
Calcium determination in serum with stable alkaline Arsenazo III and triglyceride clearing. (1993)

We describe an analytical procedure for determining serum calcium, using the ligand Arsenazo III in an aqueous alkaline medium. The choice of pH for the proposed technique differs from current procedures, which are for the most part carried out in a slightly acidic medium. An acidic medium avoids interference from magnesium, but is spectrophotometrically suboptimal for this pH-dependent reaction: the molar absorptivity of the Arsenazo III complex with calcium at acid pH is 13,787 L mol-1 cm-1, about one-half of that at a more optimal alkaline pH (26,574 L mol-1 cm-1). We have included a clearing technique in the reagent to avoid spectral aberrations from hypertriglyceridemic samples. alpha-Cyclodextrin absorbs the nonesterified fatty acids liberated from triglycerides by a microbial lipase. This modification may also be helpful for binding nonesterified fatty acids, which are known to interfere with calcium procedures by forming calcium soaps and thus preventing the reaction with intended ligands. The use of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfonate as the magnesium-masking agent facilitates the use of alkaline pH. The less-water-soluble alternative, 8-hydroxyquinoline, commonly used as a precipitating agent for several methods, is difficult to solubilize in the alkaline reagent and tends to precipitate when complexed to magnesium. Finally, the use of alkaline pH results in a prolonged (> or = 6 weeks) shelf life for the reagent.
Neuraminidase 1–mediated desialylation of the mucin 1 ectodomain releases a decoy receptor that protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection (2018)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (Pa) expresses an adhesin, flagellin, that engages the mucin 1 (MUC1) ectodomain (ED) expressed on airway epithelia, increasing association of MUC1-ED with neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) and MUC1-ED desialylation. The MUC1-ED desialylation unmasks both cryptic binding sites for Pa and a protease recognition site, permitting its proteolytic release as a hyperadhesive decoy receptor for Pa. We found here that intranasal administration of Pa strain K (PAK) to BALB/c mice increases MUC1-ED shedding into the bronchoalveolar compartment. MUC1-ED levels increased as early as 12 h, peaked at 24-48 h with a 7.8-fold increase, and decreased by 72 h. The a-type flagellin-expressing PAK strain and the b-type flagellin-expressing PAO1 strain stimulated comparable levels of MUC1-ED shedding. A flagellin-deficient PAK mutant provoked dramatically reduced MUC1-ED shedding compared with the WT strain, and purified flagellin recapitulated the WT effect. In lung tissues, Pa increased association of NEU1 and protective protein/cathepsin A with MUC1-ED in reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation assays and stimulated MUC1-ED desialylation. NEU1-selective sialidase inhibition protected against Pa-induced MUC1-ED desialylation and shedding. In Pa-challenged mice, MUC1-ED-enriched bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inhibited flagellin binding and Pa adhesion to human airway epithelia by up to 44% and flagellin-driven motility by >30%. Finally, Pa co-administration with recombinant human MUC1-ED dramatically diminished lung and BALF bacterial burden, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and pulmonary leukostasis and increased 5-day survival from 0% to 75%. We conclude that Pa flagellin provokes NEU1-mediated airway shedding of MUC1-ED, which functions as a decoy receptor protecting against lethal Pa lung infection.
Xanthone-2-carboxylic acids, a new series of antiallergic substances (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTXanthone-2-carboxylic acids, a new series of antiallergic substancesJ. R. Pfister, R. W. Ferraresi, I. T. Harrison, W. H. Rooks, A. P. Roszkowski, A. Van Horn, and J. H. FriedCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 10, 1032–1035Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00280a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00280a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interface reactions between machinable bioactive glass‐ceramics and bone (1985)

A new biomaterial for bone substitution, a "machinable bioactive glass-ceramic" has been developed. The material contains two main crystal phases, mica and apatite, and is therefore machinable and bioactive. It has the advantage to be workable by the surgeon, if necessary, during operation. The preparation method of this glass-ceramic is described. Different types of the material can be produced in dependence of the composition, nucleation, and crystallization of the basic glass. In vivo and in vitro investigations showed a characteristic solubility of the material. A Ca-phosphate-rich interface layer with apatite crystals (from the basic glass-ceramic) and a thickness of about 5-10 micrometers grows as solid-state reaction between glass-ceramic and bone. This interface reaction is interpreted as a chemical process which includes a slight solubility of the glass-ceramic and a solid state reaction between the stable apatite crystals in the glass-ceramic and the bone.