gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High yield non-axisymmetric atomization of nickel base superalloys (1998)

A preliminary study has shown that certain nonaxisymmetric close-coupled atomization geometries demonstrate superior efficiency in the production of fine nickel base superalloy powder compared to conventional close-coupled atomization utilizing an axisymmetric annular gas orifice and melt nozzle, Test conditions range from creating minor disturbances in the gas flow to substantial changes to both the gas flow and geometry of the melt nozzle. Various tests assess the mechanisms by which this performance is achieved; these include local static and dynamic pressure measurements, flow visualization and water atomization tests. The principal physical mechanisms leading to yield improvement are thought to be atomization plume spreading, and improved melt film formation at the nozzle tip. The film formation and stabilization effects have a basis in a flow model developed previously for symmetric geometries. The highest improvement in powder yield occurs when the nonaxisymmetric nozzles are operated with atomization parameters that result in nonaxisymmetric atomization plumes. Recognition of these plume characteristics provides a basis for process control and improved yields of fine powder.
Switching Experiments with a Mach-Zehnder-type All-Optical Device Based on the Band-Filling Nonlinearity in a GaAs Waveguide and Reduction in Its Relaxation Time (1994)

We examine switching characteristics of an all-optical device in Mach-Zehnder configuration, that is based on the band-filling nonlinearity in a GaAs waveguide. Switching waveforms corresponding to π (full switching), 2π, and 2.7π have been obtained and they were compared with theoretical curves. Good agreement has been observed between experimental and theoretical results. The control light pulse energy required for full switching is estimated to be approximately 6 pJ. The switching speed of the above device is limited by the slow relaxation time of photogenerated carriers. In order to reduce the switch-off time determined by the carrier relaxation, we investigated a method which involves application of a DC electric field across the thin core layer of the waveguide in order to sweep photogenerated carriers away from the light-guiding region and effectively reduce the relaxation time. With this technique, the usual switching speed of approximately 1 ns was reduced to approximately 24 ps.
Data files for "Neural reparameterization improves structural optimization" (2019)

Structural optimization is a popular method for designing objects such as bridge trusses, airplane wings, and optical devices. Unfortunately, the quality of solutions depends heavily on how the problem is parameterized. In this paper, we propose using the implicit bias over functions induced by neural networks to improve the parameterization of structural optimization. Rather than directly optimizing densities on a grid, we instead optimize the parameters of a neural network which outputs those densities. This reparameterization leads to different and often better solutions. On a selection of 116 structural optimization tasks, our approach produces the best design 50% more often than the best baseline method.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,5‐THIADIAZOLE‐1‐OXIDES. I. SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF ALKOXY AND ALKYLTHIO ANALOGS (1982)

Abstract Die aus den Oxalimidaten (I) zugänglichen Thiadiazole (II) lassen sich durch normale Substitutionsreaktionen in die Derivate (III), (IV), (V) u.ä.
Integrated Clock Mesh Synthesis With Incremental Register Placement (2012)

A clock mesh planning and synthesis method is proposed which significantly reduces the power dissipation on the network while considering the power density and timing slack simultaneously. The proposed method is performed at the postplacement stage and consists of three major steps: 1) feasible moving region construction of each register considering timing slack; 2) mesh grid wire generation and placement; and 3) incremental register placement for stub wire minimization considering power density and timing slack. The advantages of the proposed method are the reduced power dissipation-28% on average on the benchmark circuits-the optimized power density, and the guaranteed nonnegative timing slack. These advantages are possible through a decreased timing slack (1.1% of the clock period) and change in the logic wirelength (+5.9%) on the benchmark circuits.
Enhanced Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) Connection Establishment (2012)

5043 and RFC 5044 by extending Marker Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Aligned Framing (MPA) negotiation for Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) connection establishment. The first enhancement extends RFC 5044, enabling peer-to-peer connection establishment over MPA / Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The second enhancement extends both RFC 5043 and RFC 5044, by providing an option for standardized exchange of RDMA-layer connection configuration.
Plant-produced anti-dengue virus monoclonal antibodies exhibit reduced antibody-dependent enhancement of infection activity (2016)

The mAb E60 has the potential to be a desirable therapeutic molecule since it efficiently neutralizes all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). However, mammalian-cell-produced E60 exhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) activity, rendering it inefficacious in vivo, and treated animals more susceptible to developing more severe diseases during secondary infection. In this study, we evaluated a plant-based expression system for the production of therapeutically suitable E60. The mAb was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamianaWT and a ∆XFT line, a glycosylation mutant lacking plant-specific N-glycan residues. The mAb was efficiently expressed and assembled in leaves and exhibited highly homogenous N-glycosylation profiles, i.e. GnGnXF3 or GnGn structures, depending on the expression host. Both E60 glycovariants demonstrated equivalent antigen-binding specificity and in vitro neutralization potency against DENV serotypes 2 and 4 compared with their mammalian-cell-produced counterpart. By contrast, plant-produced E60 exhibited reduced ADE activity in Fc gamma receptor expressing human cells. Our results suggest the ability of plant-produced antibodies to minimize ADE, which may lead to the development of safe and highly efficacious antibody-based therapeutics against DENV and other ADE-prone viral diseases. Our study provides so far unknown insight into the relationship between mAb N-glycosylation and ADE, which contributes to our understanding of how sugar moieties of antibodies modulate Fc-mediated functions and viral pathogenesis.
Learning Semantics-enriched Representation via Self-discovery, Self-classification, and Self-restoration (2020)

Medical images are naturally associated with rich semantics about the human anatomy, reflected in an abundance of recurring anatomical patterns, offering unique potential to foster deep semantic representation learning and yield semantically more powerful models for different medical applications. But how exactly such strong yet free semantics embedded in medical images can be harnessed for self-supervised learning remains largely unexplored. To this end, we train deep models to learn semantically enriched visual representation by self-discovery, self-classification, and self-restoration of the anatomy underneath medical images, resulting in a semantics-enriched, general-purpose, pre-trained 3D model, named Semantic Genesis. We examine our Semantic Genesis with all the publicly-available pre-trained models, by either self-supervision or fully supervision, on the six distinct target tasks, covering both classification and segmentation in various medical modalities (i.e.,CT, MRI, and X-ray). Our extensive experiments demonstrate that Semantic Genesis significantly exceeds all of its 3D counterparts as well as the de facto ImageNet-based transfer learning in 2D. This performance is attributed to our novel self-supervised learning framework, encouraging deep models to learn compelling semantic representation from abundant anatomical patterns resulting from consistent anatomies embedded in medical images. Code and pre-trained Semantic Genesis are available at https://github.com/JLiangLab/SemanticGenesis .
The Thermoelectric Properties of SnSe Continue to Surprise: Extraordinary Electron and Phonon Transport (2018)

Thermoelectric technology enables the harvest of waste heat and its direct conversion into electricity. Most well-developed strategies aimed at enhancing thermoelectric performance are based on isotropic bulk materials. The strong coupling relationships in thermoelectric parameters make it difficult to optimize electron or phonon transport solely to realize high thermoelectric performance. Recently, many emerging materials with 2D structures elucidate superior thermoelectric properties originating from their anisotropic structures and transport features. However, the strategies to enhance thermoelectric performance for these materials with 2D structures are still ambiguous. In this Perspective, SnSe was selected as an example with 2D structures; the remarkable electron and phonon transport of SnSe are summarized for several aspects, including crystal structure, anharmonicity, multiple valence band structure, continuous phase transition, and 3D charge and 2D phonon transport. These illuminating discoveries in SnSe could provide routes to seek promising thermoelectric materials with 2D structures and enhance the thermoelectric performance.
Tri-Phasing Modulation for Efficient and Wideband Radio Transmitters (2018)

In this paper, we show that amplitude transitions that are inherent to the multilevel outphasing radio transmitter architecture distort the transmitted signal due to time-domain discontinuities. In order to address this challenge, we propose a new transmitter architecture called tri-phasing which avoids discontinuities in signal waveforms and thus achieves significantly better linearity than multilevel outphasing. The output wave-form in tri-phasing can be made continuous by representing the baseband signal with three components. One of the three components is amplified by discrete amplitude steps, whereas the other two are used to compensate the instantaneous shift in the output waveform due to the discrete amplitude step and to provide fine amplitude resolution. An implementation of the tri-phasing transmitter requires three phase modulators and additional digital signal processing. The system-level simulations performed in this paper demonstrate that the ACLR of a multilevel outphasing transmitter with 4 amplitude levels and 10-bit phase resolution is limited to -48 dBc, when simulated with a 100 MHz carrier-aggregated LTE downlink signal at 2.46 GHz carrier frequency. The proposed tri-phasing transmitter achieves -58 dBc ACLR with the same simulation parameters, indicating that continuous amplitude transitions can significantly improve the transmitter linearity.
Visibility Enhancement of Single Hazy Images Using Hybrid Dark Channel Prior (2013)

Outdoor images captured during inclement weather conditions generally exhibit visibility degradation. Localized light sources often result from activation of streetlights and vehicle headlights and are common scenarios in these conditions. The presence of localized light sources in hazy images may cause the generation of over saturation artifacts when those images are restored by traditional state-of-the-art haze removal techniques. Therefore, we propose a novel haze removal approach based on the proposed hybrid dark channel prior technique in order to remedy the problems associated with localized light sources during image restoration. The overall results show that the proposed haze removal approach can recover haze-free images more effectively than can the other previous state-of-the-art haze removal approach while avoiding over-saturation.
Optimized design of highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber for optical parametric amplifier (2004)

Fiber requirements for raising the gain and broadening the gain bandwidth of OPA were investigated. We optimized the fiber design considering high nonlinearity, low dispersion slope, zero dispersion wavelength, and low bending loss.
A micropower low-voltage multiplier with reduced spurious switching (2005)

We describe a micropower 16/spl times/16-bit multiplier (18.8 /spl mu/W/MHz @1.1 V) for low-voltage power-critical low speed (/spl les/5 MHz) applications including hearing aids. We achieve the micropower operation by substantially reducing (by /spl sim/62% and /spl sim/79% compared to conventional 16/spl times/16-bit and 32/spl times/32-bit designs respectively) the spurious switching in the Adder Block in the multiplier. The approach taken is to use latches to synchronize the inputs to the adders in the Adder Block in a predetermined chronological sequence. The hardware penalty of the latches is small because the latches are integrated (as opposed to external latches) into the adder, termed the latch adder (LA). By means of the LAs and timing, the number of switchings (spurious and that for computation) is reduced from /spl sim/5.6 and /spl sim/10 per adder in the adder block in conventional 16/spl times/16-bit and 32/spl times/32-bit designs respectively to /spl sim/2 in our designs. Based on simulations and measurements on prototype ICs (0.35 /spl mu/m three metal dual poly CMOS process), we show that our 16/spl times/16-bit design dissipates /spl sim/32% less power, is /spl sim/20% slower but has /spl sim/20% better energy-delay-product (EDP) than conventional 16/spl times/16-bit multipliers. Our 32/spl times/32-bit design is estimated to dissipate /spl sim/53% less power, /spl sim/29% slower but is /spl sim/39% better EDP than the conventional general multiplier.
Counted cycles method to quantify the onset response in high-frequency peripheral nerve block (2009)

The clinical use of high frequency alternating current (HFAC) to block nerve conduction in peripheral nerves is limited due to the large volley of nerve activity generated at the initiation of HFAC. This "onset response" must be characterized in order to determine if it is possible to eliminate it. In this study, preliminary experiments were conducted in an in-vivo animal model using counted cycles of HFAC to investigate and quantify the onset response. Using this method, it is possible to show quantitatively that the onset response has two phases with distinct characteristics. Eliminating the onset response is likely to require addressing each phase independently. It was also possible to show that HFAC establishes a complete block of nerve activity in 50-100 ms.
Design methodology: edgeless 3D ASICs with complex in-pixel processing for pixel detectors (2015)

The design methodology for the development of 3D integrated edgeless pixel detectors with in-pixel processing using Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools is presented. A large area 3 tier 3D detector with one sensor layer and two ASIC layers containing one analog and one digital tier, is built for x-ray photon time of arrival measurement and imaging. A full custom analog pixel is 65μm x 65μm. It is connected to a sensor pixel of the same size on one side, and on the other side it has approximately 40 connections to the digital pixel. A 32 x 32 edgeless array without any peripheral functional blocks constitutes a sub-chip. The sub-chip is an indivisible unit, which is further arranged in a 6 x 6 array to create the entire 1.248cm x 1.248cm ASIC. Each chip has 720 bump-bond I/O connections, on the back of the digital tier to the ceramic PCB. All the analog tier power and biasing is conveyed through the digital tier from the PCB. The assembly has no peripheral functional blocks, and hence the active area extends to the edge of the detector. This was achieved by using a few flavors of almost identical analog pixels (minimal variation in layout) to allow for peripheral biasing blocks to be placed within pixels. The 1024 pixels within a digital sub-chip array have a variety of full custom, semi-custom and automated timing driven functional blocks placed together. The methodology uses a modified mixed-mode on-top digital implementation flow to not only harness the tool efficiency for timing and floor-planning but also to maintain designer control over compact parasitically aware layout. The methodology uses the Cadence design platform, however it is not limited to this tool.
Cellular mimics engineered from diblock copolymers (2003)

Cell-size vesicles were made from amphiphilic diblock copolymers and characterized by micromanipulation. The average molecular weight of the base, synthetic polymer studied, polyethyleneoxide-polyethylethylene (EO/sub 40/-EE/sub 37/), is several-fold greater than that of usual phospholipids of biomembranes. Both the membrane bending and area expansion moduli of electroformed polymersomes (polymer-based liposomes) fell within the range of lipid membrane measurements, but the giant polymersome's membrane proved to be almost an order of magnitude tougher, sustaining far greater areal strain before rupture. The polymersome membrane was also at least tenfold less permeable to water than common phospholipid bilayers. A rich range of vesicle shapes, as well as encapsulation of oxygen-binding proteins, and capabilities to mix the polymer with other amphiphiles and crosslink it, all suggest a new class of functional, biomimetic capsules based on block copolymer chemistry.
The LiftLT: fast lapped transforms via lifting steps (1999)

This paper introduces a class of multi-band linear phase lapped biorthogonal transforms with fast, VLSI-friendly implementations via lifting steps called the LiftLT. The transform is based on a lattice structure which robustly enforces both linear phase and perfect reconstruction properties. The lattice coefficients are parameterized as a series of lifting steps, providing fast, efficient in-place computation of the transform coefficients. Our main motivation of the new transform is its application in image and video coding. Comparing to the popular 8/spl times/8 DCT, the 8/spl times/16 LiftLT only requires 1 more multiplication, 22 more additions, and 6 more shifting operations. However, image coding examples show that the LiftLT is far superior than the DCT in both objective and subjective coding performance. Thanks to properly designed overlapping basis functions, the LiftLT can completely eliminate annoying blocking artifacts. In fact, the novel LT's coding performance consistently surpasses that of the much more complex 9/7-tap biorthogonal wavelet with floating-point coefficients. More importantly, the transform's block-based nature facilitates one-pass sequential block coding, region-of-interest coding/decoding as well as parallel processing.
Immobilization of Polymeric Electrolytes in a Microporous Membrane (1989)

In the present study, liquid polyethers having oxyalkane structures complexed with LiC10 4 were immobilized in pores of a polyethylene membrane having about an average pore radius of 0.01 μm to produce electrolytes which were substantially in solid states
The accuracy of portable peak flow meters. (1992)

Although the Mini-Wright, Ferraris, and Vitalograph meters gave remarkably repeatable results their error profiles for the full range meters will lead to important errors in recording PEF variability. This may lead to incorrect diagnosis and bias in implementing strategies of asthma treatment based on PEF measurement.
Generalized prism-array lenses for hard X-rays (2005)

A Fresnel-like X-ray lens can be constructed by a triangular array of identical prisms whose base corresponds to the 2pi-shift length. Each column of prisms is progressively shifted from the optical axis by an arbitrary fraction of the prism height. Similarly to the multi-prism lens, quasi-parabolic profiles are formed by a superposition of straight-line segments. The resulting projected lens profile is approximately linear with a Fresnel-lens pattern superimposed on it to provide the focusing. This geometry exhibits a significantly larger effective aperture than conventional parabolic refractive lenses. Prototype lenses were fabricated by deep reactive ion etching of silicon. These one-dimensionally focusing lenses were tested at a synchrotron beamline and provided focal line-widths down to 1.4 microm FWHM and an intensity gain of 39 at a photon energy of 13.4 keV. Fabrication imperfections gave rise to unwanted interference effects resulting in several intensity maxima in the focal plane. The presented design allows the focal length to be shortened without decreasing the feature size of the lens. Furthermore, this feature size does not limit the resolution as for real Fresnel optics.
Recognition System Using Fusion Normalization Based on Morphological Features of Post-Exercise ECG for Intelligent Biometrics (2020)

Although biometrics systems using an electrocardiogram (ECG) have been actively researched, there is a characteristic that the morphological features of the ECG signal are measured differently depending on the measurement environment. In general, post-exercise ECG is not matched with the morphological features of the pre-exercise ECG because of the temporary tachycardia. This can degrade the user recognition performance. Although normalization studies have been conducted to match the post- and pre-exercise ECG, limitations related to the distortion of the P wave, QRS complexes, and T wave, which are morphological features, often arise. In this paper, we propose a method for matching pre- and post-exercise ECG cycles based on time and frequency fusion normalization in consideration of morphological features and classifying users with high performance by an optimized system. One cycle of post-exercise ECG is expanded by linear interpolation and filtered with an optimized frequency through the fusion normalization method. The fusion normalization method aims to match one post-exercise ECG cycle to one pre-exercise ECG cycle. The experimental results show that the average similarity between the pre- and post-exercise states improves by 25.6% after normalization, for 30 ECG cycles. Additionally, the normalization algorithm improves the maximum user recognition performance from 96.4 to 98%.
Chopper: Partitioning models into 3D-printable parts (2012)

Figure 1: Chopper partitions a given 3D model into parts that are small enough to be 3D-printed and assembled into the original model. Left to right: the input chair model, Chopper’s partition (with a printing volume shown as a reference), printed parts, and assembled chair. 3D printing technology is rapidly maturing and becoming ubiquitous. One of the remaining obstacles to wide-scale adoption is that the object to be printed must fit into the working volume of the 3D printer. We propose a framework, called Chopper, to decompose a large 3D object into smaller parts so that each part fits into the printing volume. These parts can then be assembled to form the original object. We formulate a number of desirable criteria for the partition, including assemblability, having few components, unobtrusiveness of the seams, and structural soundness. Chopper optimizes these criteria and generates a partition either automatically or with user guidance. Our prototype outputs the final decomposed parts with customized connectors on the interfaces. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Chopper on a variety of non-trivial real-world objects.