gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Graphlets (2020)

In this article, we introduce a generalization of graphlets to heterogeneous networks called typed graphlets . Informally, typed graphlets are small typed induced subgraphs. Typed graphlets generalize graphlets to rich heterogeneous networks as they explicitly capture the higher-order typed connectivity patterns in such networks. To address this problem, we describe a general framework for counting the occurrences of such typed graphlets. The proposed algorithms leverage a number of combinatorial relationships for different typed graphlets. For each edge, we count a few typed graphlets, and with these counts along with the combinatorial relationships, we obtain the exact counts of the other typed graphlets in o (1) constant time. Notably, the worst-case time complexity of the proposed approach matches the time complexity of the best known untyped algorithm. In addition, the approach lends itself to an efficient lock-free and asynchronous parallel implementation. While there are no existing methods for typed graphlets, there has been some work that focused on computing a different and much simpler notion called colored graphlet. The experiments confirm that our proposed approach is orders of magnitude faster and more space-efficient than methods for computing the simpler notion of colored graphlet. Unlike these methods that take hours on small networks, the proposed approach takes only seconds on large networks with millions of edges. Notably, since typed graphlet is more general than colored graphlet (and untyped graphlets), the counts of various typed graphlets can be combined to obtain the counts of the much simpler notion of colored graphlets. The proposed methods give rise to new opportunities and applications for typed graphlets.
ON/OFF decision of global and local motion compensation in low-bit-rate video coding (2003)

In a coding method which selects global motion compensation (GMC) or local motion compensation (LMC) as the motion compensation method for each block in an image, the appropriate selection of motion compensation methods is crucial for improving the coding efficiency. The difficulty of this GMC/LMC selection problem is mainly caused by the difference in the amount of motion information: GMC requires only a few motion parameters for the whole image, while LMC requires at least one motion vector per block. To develop an effective and practical selection criterion, we address the issue of: (1) estimating the number of bits used for the coding of the DCT coefficients from the mean absolute prediction error in a block, and (2) adopting a new function for evaluating the reconstruction error in a block and its side effect in future frames. Simulation results of the proposed coding method indicate that the coding efficiency is improved by up to 34.7% compared with conventional coding method which do not use GMC.
MRI-Based Segmentation of Pubic Bone for Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2014)

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a major women's health problem. Its diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become popular due to current inaccuracies of clinical examination. The diagnosis of POP on MRI consists of identifying reference points on pelvic bone structures for measurement and evaluation. However, it is currently performed manually, making it a time-consuming and subjective procedure. We present a new segmentation approach for automating pelvic bone point identification on MRI. It consists of a multistage mechanism based on texture-based block classification, leak detection, and prior shape information. Texture-based block classification and clustering analysis using K-means algorithm are integrated to generate the initial bone segmentation and to identify leak areas. Prior shape information is incorporated to obtain the final bone segmentation. Then, the reference points are identified using morphological skeleton operation. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves higher bone segmentation accuracy compared to other segmentation methods. The proposed method can also automatically identify reference points faster and with more consistency compared with the manually identified point process by experts. This research aims to enable faster and consistent pelvic measurements on MRI to facilitate and improve the diagnosis of female POP.
Errata to "space-time codes for high data rate wireless communications: performance criteria in the presence of channel estimation errors, mobility, and multiple paths" (2003)

Space-time coding is a bandwidth and power efficient method of communication over fading channels that realizes the benefits of multiple transmit antennas. Specific codes have been constructed using design criteria derived for quasi-static flat Rayleigh or Rician fading, where channel state information is available at the receiver. It is evident that the practicality of space-time codes will be greatly enhanced if the derived design criteria remain valid in the absence of perfect channel state information. It is even more desirable that the design criteria not be unduly sensitive to frequency selectivity and to the Doppler spread. This paper presents a theoretical study of these issues beginning with the effect of channel estimation error. Here it is assumed that a channel estimator extracts fade coefficients at the receiver and for constellations with constant energy, it is proved that in the absence of ideal channel state information the design criteria for space-time codes is still valid. The analysis also demonstrates that standard channel estimation techniques can be used in conjunction with space-time codes provided that the number of transmit antennas is small. We also derive the maximum-likelihood detection metric in the presence of channel estimation errors. Next, the effect of multiple paths on the performance of space-time codes is studied for a slowly changing Rayleigh channel. It is proved that the presence of multiple paths does not decrease the diversity order guaranteed by the design criteria used to construct the space-time codes. Similar results hold for rapid fading channels with or without multiple paths. The conclusion is that the diversity order promised by space-time coding is achieved under a variety of mobility conditions and environmental effects.
In vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos constructed using fetal fibroblasts (2000)

The in vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos constructed using primary cultures from day 25 fetal fibroblasts which were either rapidly dividing (cycling) or had their cell-cycle synchronized in G0/G1 using serum starvation (serum-starved) was examined. Oocyte-karyoplast complexes were fused and activated simultaneously and then cultured in vitro for seven days to assess development. Fusion rates were not different for either cell population. The proportion of reconstructed embryos that cleaved was higher in the cycling group compared to the serum-starved group (79 vs. 56% respectively; P < 0.05). Development to the 4-cell stage was not different using either population. Both treatments supported similar rates of development to the morula (1.5 vs. 7%, cycling vs. serum-starved) and blastocyst stage (1.5 vs. 3%, cycling vs. serum-starved). The blastocyst produced using cycling cells had a total cell number of 10. Total cell numbers for the three blastocysts produced serum-starved cells were 22, 24, and 33. These blastocysts had inner cell mass numbers of 0, 15, and 4, respectively. Six hundred and thirty-five nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using serum-starved cells were transferred to 15 temporarily mated recipients for 3–4 days. Of these, 486 were recovered (77% recovery rate) of which 106 (22%) had developed to the 4-cell stage or later. These were transferred to a total of 15 recipients which were either unmated or mated. Seven recipients farrowed a total of 51 piglets. Microsatellite analysis revealed that none of these were derived from the nuclear transfer embryos transferred. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 57:262–269, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Titanium superoxide catalyzed selective oxidation of phenols to p -quinones with aq. H 2 O 2 (2005)

Titanium superoxide, a novel heterogeneous and readily accessible catalyst, is found to catalyze the selective oxidation of phenols to the corresponding 1,4-benzoquinones in preparative yields with aq. 30% H 2 O 2 as oxidant under mild reaction conditions.
Effect of Quasicrystal Phase Particle Dispersion on Mechanical Properties in Mg-Zn-Al Alloys (2011)

Four kinds of Mg-x mass%Zn-y mass%Al (x=6, 8, 10, 12 and y=3, 4, 5, 6) alloys, each with a grain size of 2∼3 μm and containing quasicrystal phase particles, were successfully produced by casting and extrusion. These rare-earth free wrought processed magnesium alloys showed a reduction in mechanical asymmetry and a weak basal texture. Although the yield strength improved, the elongation decreased with increasing volume fraction of quasicrystal phase particle. The decrease in ductility was related to the existence of coarse quasicrystal phase particles. The strength was affected by the interface strength mechanism; however, the coherency strain in the quasicrystal phase was smaller than that in the conventional phase, due to the strong matching between the matrix and the quasicrystal phase.
Data Driven 2-D-to-3-D Video Conversion for Soccer (2017)

A wide adoption of 3-D videos is hindered by the lack of high-quality 3-D content. One promising solution to this problem is through data-driven 2-D-to-3-D video conversion. Such approaches are based on learning depth maps from a large dataset of 2-D+Depth images. However, current conversion methods, while general, produce low-quality results with artifacts that are not acceptable to many viewers. We propose a novel, data-driven method for 2-D-to-3-D video conversion. Our method transfers the depth gradients from a large database of 2-D+Depth images. Capturing 2-D+Depth databases, however, are complex and costly, especially for outdoor sports games. We address this problem by creating a synthetic database from computer games and showing that this synthetic database can effectively be used to convert real videos. We propose a spatio-temporal method to ensure the smoothness of the generated depth within individual frames and across successive frames. In addition, we present an object boundary detection method customized for 2-D-to-3-D conversion systems, which produces clear depth boundaries for players. We implement our method and validate it by conducting user studies that evaluate depth perception and visual comfort of the converted 3-D videos. We show that our method produces high-quality 3-D videos that are almost indistinguishable from videos shot by stereo cameras. In addition, our method significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods. For example, up to 20% improvement in the perceived depth is achieved by our method, which translates to improving the mean opinion score from good to excellent.
Rapid large scale purification of ellagitannins from pomegranate husk, a by-product of the commercial juice industry - eScholarship (2005)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed fresh and in the forms of juice, concentrate, wine and jam. Pomegranate fruit husk is a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins called ellagitannins (ETs). During processing methods in the commercial pomegranate juice (PJ) industry, ETs are extracted from the fruit husk in significant quantities into the juice. Pomegranate husk, a by-product of the PJindustry, is therefore an inexpensive and abundant source of ETs which are present in PJ. Previous methods to isolate pomegranate ETs included labor intensive and time-consuming solid phase extractions by column chromatography (C-18, polyamides, cellulose, Sephadex Lipophilic LH-20, Diaion HP20) and/or use of specialized instruments such as preparative-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We have used an Amberlite XAD-16 resin vacuum-aspirated column to rapidly purify an aqueous extract of pomegranate husk to afford total pomegranate tannins (TPT) in substantial yields (58-60 g TPT/Kg husk; time <1h). Using analytical HPLC, NMR and tandem LC-ES/MS, evaluation of TPT showed that it contains the major fruit husk ET, punicalagin (85% w/w), and ellagic acid (EA; 1.3% w/w) as well as unquantified amounts of punicalin and EA glycosides (hexoside, rhamnoside and pentoside). Since ETs are reported to show potent antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic and anticancer activities, this method can be used for the large-scale production of TPT for future in vitro and in vivo biological studies. This method is practical for industrial applications and could provide a low-cost means to use a currently underutilized food by-product to develop phytoceuticals with potential health benefits or to develop products for use in the cosmetic and food biopreservative industries.
Highly Reliable Nitride-Based LEDs With Internal ESD Protection Diodes (2006)

Nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with internal electrostatic-discharge (ESD) protection diodes emitting at 460 nm were proposed and realized. By building an internal GaN p-n junction diode, a negative ESD-induced pulse current is expected to flow through the protection diode without damaging the major LED. The ESD characteristic of the fabricated LEDs was obviously improved with this design. Furthermore, the dimension of the internal p-n diode would influence the capacity for tolerating the ESD stress. It was found that a negative ESD threshold could be significantly increased from 300-400 to 2000 V. On the other hand, the authors managed to bring down the 20-mA operation voltage to 3.29 V using the n-metal finger, which entails a good current spreading under operation as the result of a reduced current-crowding effect. Since a good current spreading beneficially alleviates the thermal effect under long-term operation, an effective pattern layout design clearly would also prolong the lifetime of the proposed LEDs
Multiple perspective interactive video (1995)

Crucial to the transformation of computers into intelligent multimedia systems is the ability to access, manipulate and manage visual information. In particular, video data is becoming a prevalent source of such information. Our Multiple Perspective Interactive Video (MPI-Video), project integrates a variety of visual computing operations with modeling and interaction techniques, to extract, synthesize and manage dynamic representations of scenes observed from multiple perspectives. Automatic and semi-automatic analysis of video data from multiple cameras is performed. This analysis is used to build a three-dimensional model of the environment monitored by the cameras. MPI- Video has applications in a variety of areas including the development of immersive video for telepresence systems, traffic monitoring and control and the analysis of physical performances, e.g. sports and dance. This video presents an overview of MPI- Video along with demonstrations of two MPI-Video prototypes developed in the Visual Computing Lab. Further details on MPI- Video are described by Jain and Wakimoto in [Jain and Wakimoto, 1995] and in our technical report [Kelly et al., 1995]
TARP: A nuclear protein expressed in prostate and breast cancer cellsderived from an alternate reading frame of the T cell receptor gamma chainlocus [In Process Citation] (2000)

TARP: A nuclear protein expressed in prostate and breast cancer cellsderived from an alternate reading frame of the T cell receptor gamma chainlocus [In Process Citation]
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Dictyostatin: Confirmation of Relative and Absolute Configurations (2004)

Das echte Dictyostatin bitte melden! Zum Schluss blieben fünf Kandidaten-Stereostrukturen für das wirksame Tumortherapeutikum Dictyostatin – sogar zehn, wenn man die Enantiomere einschließt. Die Totalsynthese von (−)-Dictyostatin (1) hat eine zehn Jahre andauernde Maskerade beendet: Der Gewinner ist die kürzlich von Paterson und Wright vorgeschlagene Struktur.
Integrated Task and Data Parallel Support for Dynamic Applications (1999)

There is an emerging class of real‐time interactive applications that require the dynamic integration of task and data parallelism. An example is the Smart Kiosk, a free‐standing computer device that provides information and entertainment to people in public spaces. The kiosk interface is computationally demanding: It employs vision and speech sensing and an animated graphical talking face for output. The computational demands of an interactive kiosk can vary widely with the number of customers and the state of the interaction. Unfortunately this makes it difficult to apply current techniques for integrated task and data parallel computing, which can produce optimal decompositions for static problems. Using experimental results from a color‐based people tracking module, we demonstrate the existence of a small number of distinct operating regimes in the kiosk application. We refer to this type of program behavior as constrained dynamism . An application exhibiting constrained dynamism can execute efficiently by dynamically switching among a small number of statically determined fixed data parallel strategies. We present a novel framework for integrating task and data parallelism for applications that exhibit constrained dynamism. Our solution has been implemented using Stampede , a cluster programming system developed at the Cambridge Research Laboratory.
Magnetically programmable fibre Bragg gratings (1998)

An attractive force between magnetic poles was utilised to produce significant wavelength shifts in fibre Bragg gratings. Programmable magnets were used to controllably strain and shift the wavelength of the grating by more than 15 nm. The wavelength tuning is fast and the device requires no power to maintain the shifted wavelengths.
Transactions - Drift compensation for reduced spatial resolution transcoding: a summary (2004)

This paper discusses the problem of reduced-resolution transcoding of compressed video bitstreams. An analysis of drift errors is provided to identify the sources of quality degradation when transcoding to a lower spatial resolution. Two types of drift error are considered: a reference picture error, which has been identified in previous works, and error due to the noncommutative property of motion compensation and down-sampling, which is unique to this work. To overcome these sources of error, four novel architectures are presented. One architecture attempts to compensate for the reference picture error in the reduced resolution, while another architecture attempts to do the same in the original resolution. We present a third architecture that attempts to eliminate the second type of drift error and a final architecture that relies on an intrablock refresh method to compensate for all types of errors. In all of these architectures, a variety of macroblock level conversions are required, such as motion vector mapping and texture down-sampling. These conversions are discussed in detail. Another important issue for the transcoder is rate control. This is especially important for the intra-refresh architecture since it must find a balance between number of intrablocks used to compensate for errors and the associated rate-distortion characteristics of the low-resolution signal. The complexity and quality of the architectures are compared. Based on the results, we find that the intra-refresh architecture offers the best tradeoff between quality and complexity and is also the most flexible.
Novel Controlled-Release Breakers for High-Temperature Fracturing (2013)

Abstract Various types of breaker systems are used for viscosity degradation of fluids in fracture stimulation operations. Achieving improved fracture conductivity is one of the key advantages of using effective breaker systems, but there could be an increased risk of poor proppant placement and premature screenouts resulting from early viscosity reductions as the fluid is exposed to temperature. To resolve this issue, a controlled release of the breaker over a period of time is very desirable. This paper highlights the controlled release of encapsulated oxidizers and chelating types of breakers that are effective in bottomhole static temperatures (BHSTs) up to 275°F. Oxidizers without encapsulation begin to decompose fluids at low to moderate temperature, which can lead to a rapid decrease in gel viscosity before completion of the fracturing operation. Neat chelating breakers can absorb the crosslinker rapidly; thus, little to no crosslinking action would be present, even at moderate temperatures. A newly developed encapsulant makes oxidizers and chelating agents viable for reducing the crosslinked viscosity gradually with temperature. The new encapsulant is a blend of selected polymers that release the active breaker through diffusion. It is possible to optimize the release rate of a breaker by simply adjusting its ratio in a polymer blend. The controlled release of a breaker through an encapsulant was evaluated at 200°F under static conditions. The dynamic rheology of fracturing fluids was also studied as a function of encapsulated breaker concentration in temperatures up to 275°F. The results derived from this investigation are of significant importance to the oilfield industry.
Discontinuity edge overdraw (2001)

Aliasing is an important problem when rendering triangle meshes. Efficient antialiasing techniques such as mipmapping greatly improve the filtering of textures defined over a mesh. A major component of the remaining aliasing occurs along discontinuity edges such as silhouettes, creases, and material boundaries. Framebuffer supersampling is a simple remedy, but 2x2 supersampling leaves behind significant temporal artifacts, while greater supersampling demands even more fill-rate and memory. We present an alternative that focuses effort on discontinuity edges by overdrawing such edges as antialiased lines. Although the idea is simple, several subtleties arise. Visible silhouette edges must be detected efficiently. Discontinuity edges need consistent orientations. They must be blended as they approach the silhouette to avoid popping. Unfortunately, edge blending results in blurriness. Our technique balances these two competing objectives of temporal smoothness and spatial sharpness. Finally, the best results are obtained when discontinuity edges are sorted by depth. Our approach proves surprisingly effective at reducing temporal artifacts commonly referred to as "crawling jaggies," with little added cost.
Carbohydrate binding activities of <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> III. Lectin expression, bacterial binding, and nodulation efficiency (1994)

In previous studies, evidence that the Bradyrhizobium japonicum lectin, designated BJ38, mediated the observed carbohydrate-specific binding activities of the bacteria, including the saccharide-specific adhesion to soybean root cells was presented. In the present study, it is found that both B. japonicum, as well as the purified BJ38, bind predominantly to young emergent root hairs of soybean roots and, to a much lesser extent, to the root cap, mature root hairs, epicotyl or hypocotyl regions. Thus, the region of preferential binding for both the bacteria and the isolated lectin coincide with the region of the soybean root most susceptible to B. japonicum infection. The importance of bacterial binding for the nodulation process was studied by comparing the nodulation efficiency of binding-deficient mutants N4 and N6 to the wild-type. These mutants had been shown to be defective in carbohydrate recognition, as represented by their diminished ability to bind to soybean roots. BJ38 was immunolocalized to one pole of the cell surface of wild-type B. japonicum, but no surface labeling could be detected on either mutant. Moreover, both N4 and N6 showed a substantial decrease in nodulation activity, relative to the wild-type. These results provide additional evidence that the carbohydrate binding activity of B. japonicum, most probably mediated by BJ38, may play an important role(s) in the initial phases of the infection process.