gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and surface modification of highly fluorescent gold nanoclusters and their exploitation for cellular labeling (2010)

We introduce a general approach to make colorful fluorescent gold nanoclusters which are protected by dihydrolipoic acid, mercaptoundecanoic acid and polyethylenimine. The fluorescent gold nanoclusters can perform a variety of bioconjugation processes such as PEGylation, biotinylation as well as forming complex nanobioconjugates with streptavidins. The brightening effects under proper surface modification are also reported. The clusters have a decent quantum yield, high colloidal stability, and can be readily conjugated with biological molecules. Nonspecific uptake by human aortic endothelial cells is demonstrated.
Magnetic properties and microstructural characterisation of isotropic nanocrystalline Fe-Nd-B based alloys (1993)

The effects of a nanocrystalline structure on the magnetic properties of isotropic melt spun Fe-Nd-B alloy ribbon are discussed. Three classes of alloys are considered: (a) low Nd (8-10 at.%) which also contains alpha -Fe; (b) near-stoichiometric Nd contents (11-13 at.%) which are single phase Fe/sub 14/Nd/sub 2/B; (c) high Nd (16-20 at.%) which also contains a Nd-rich phase. For types (a) and (b), as the scale of the nanostructive decreases, the remanence J/sub r/ is increasingly above J/sub s//2, while the coercivity H/sub cj/ is decreased, with a linear J/sub r/-H/sub cj/ relationship. No J/sub r/ enhancement occurs for type (c) alloys, even for a nanocrystalline structure, but rather a decrease due to volume dilution of the Fe/sub 14/Nd/sub 2/B phase. These effects are discussed in terms of inter-grain exchange coupling and decoupling, and the implications with respect to permanent magnets with improved properties are considered. It is demonstrated that the benefits of enhanced J/sub r/ in terms of improved energy product are limited by corresponding attenuation of the coercivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Genes Contributing to the Virulence of Francisella tularensis SCHU S4 in a Mouse Intradermal Infection Model (2009)

The results demonstrate that the characterization of targeted mutants yielded important information about essential virulence determinants that will help to identify the so far little understood extreme virulence of F. tularensis subspecies tularensis.
An Integrated Approach to Evaluate the Cycle Time in Injection Molding (2000)

Abstract The cycle time prediction is considered as a critical issue in injection molding. It relates directly to the production rate and the part quality. It is commonly defined as the time duration between the start of the injection and the ejection of the part. When the cycle time exceeds the desired range, the production rate will be compromised. In some cases, due to excessively increased friction force, the part may be subject to severe failure such as breakage during ejection. Another possible situation is that the ejector pins can be damaged because the friction force exceeds the maximum ejection force that the machine can provide through the ejectors. If the part is ejected too early, only a thin layer of polymer is solidified and the ejection may cause the part to be deformed permanently which generally leads to surface defects. For most injection molders, the cycle time is estimated through molding trials, which is very costly and time consuming. In the case of testing a new material, it is even more difficult to determine a proper cycle time ranger due to the lack of knowledge on the material behavior.
Towards Annotation Free License Plate Recognition (2015)

Automated license plate recognition (ALPR) is a key capability in transportation imaging applications including tolling, enforcement, and parking, among others. An important module in ALPR systems is image classification that includes training classifiers for character recognition, commonly employed after detecting a license plate in a license plate image and segmenting out the characters from the localized plate region. A classifier is trained for each character in a one-vs-all fashion using segmented character samples collected from the actual camera capture site, where the collected samples are manually labeled by an operator. The substantial time and effort required for manual annotation of training images can result in excessive operational cost and overhead. In this paper, we propose a new method to minimize manual annotation required for training classifiers in an ALPR system. Instead of collecting training images from the actual camera capture site, our method utilizes either artificially generated synthetic license plate images or character samples acquired by trained ALPR systems already operating in other sites. The performance gap due to differences between training and target domain distributions is minimized using an unsupervised domain adaptation. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown on artificially generated and actual character samples collected from CA and NY.
On the Use of LSH for Privacy Preserving Personalization (2013)

The Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) technique of scalably finding nearest-neighbors can be adapted to enable discovering similar users while preserving their privacy. The key idea is to compute the user profile on the end-user device, apply LSH on the local profile, and use the LSH cluster identifier as the interest group identifier of a user. By properties of LSH, the interest group comprises other users with similar interests. The collective behavior of the members of the interest group is anonymously collected at some aggregation node to generate recommendations for the group members. The quality of recommendation depends on the efficiency of the LSH clustering algorithm, i.e. its capability of gathering similar users. In contrast, with conventional usage of LSH (for scalability and not privacy), in our framework one can not perform a linear search over the cluster members to identify the nearest neighbors and to prune away false positives. A good clustering quality is therefore of functional importance for our system. We report in this work how changing the nature of LSH inputs, which in our case corresponds to the user profile representations, impacts the performance of LSH-based clustering and the final quality of recommendations. We present extensive performance evaluations of the LSH-based privacypreserving recommender system using two large datasets of MovieLens ratings and Delicious bookmarks, respectively.
Intrinsic Point Defects in Silicon: a Unified View from Crystal Growth, Wafer Processing and Metal Diffusion (2005)

There are several phenomena where the properties of vacancies and self-interstitials in silicon are manifested in straightforward ways. These include the formation of grown-in microdefects, the diffusion of metals (such as Au, Zn), self-diffusion and the installation of vacancy depth profiles in wafers by Rapid Thermal Annealing. Combining features extracted from the analysis of these phenomena, it is possible to define the diffusivities and equilibrium concentrations of the intrinsic point defects. Their diffusivities are remarkably high, and have weak temperature dependence. Their equilibrium concentrations are very low, and have strong temperature dependence.
Ocean flow measurements using acoustic scintillation (1983)

A wave propagating in a medium having random fluctuations in refractive index will suffer phase and amplitude perturbations. In the receiving plane, a random interference pattern will appear and this so-called scintillation pattern will vary in time for two reasons: (1) the decay of the refractive-index fluctuations producing the amplitude perturbation (eddy decay) and (2) advection of the eddies by the flow. In the case where eddy lifetimes are long compared with the scintillation period, we can derive estimates of flow from a statistical analysis of the scintillation pattern. In this paper, we discuss the propagation theory and report measurements of oceanic flows by analysis of the acoustic scintillation pattern produced by the density fluctuations in the ocean. By mounting a 214-kHz source and two receivers on opposite sides of a barge such that the axis of propagation is perpendicular to the direction of travel, we induce a known flow rate equal to the barge velocity. We compute the slope of the time-lagged covariance function of the logarithm of the amplitude at the two detectors. The slope is proportional to the path-averaged flow transverse to the propagation path. Simultaneous measurements with a current meter provide sea truth. We have shown that such a technique will measure flow velocity with reasonable accuracy. An interesting result of the measurements is the demonstration that sound speed fluctuations in the spatial window 15–30 cm satisfy the Kolmogorov spectral slope for an inertial subrange, at the shallow depth (2.1 m) of the observation.
A Linear Bandit for Seasonal Environments (2020)

Contextual bandit algorithms are extremely popular and widely used in recommendation systems to provide online personalised recommendations. A recurrent assumption is the stationarity of the reward function, which is rather unrealistic in most of the real-world applications. In the music recommendation scenario for instance, people's music taste can abruptly change during certain events, such as Halloween or Christmas, and revert to the previous music taste soon after. We would therefore need an algorithm which can promptly react to these changes. Moreover, we would like to leverage already observed rewards collected during different stationary periods which can potentially reoccur, without the need of restarting the learning process from scratch. A growing literature has addressed the problem of reward's non-stationarity, providing algorithms that could quickly adapt to the changing environment. However, up to our knowledge, there is no algorithm which deals with seasonal changes of the reward function. Here we present a contextual bandit algorithm which detects and adapts to abrupt changes of the reward function and leverages previous estimations whenever the environment falls back to a previously observed state. We show that the proposed method can outperform state-of-the-art algorithms for non-stationary environments. We ran our experiment on both synthetic and real datasets.
Regulation of the Soybean-<i>Rhizobium</i> Nodule Symbiosis by Shoot and Root Factors (1986)

The availability of soybean mutants with altered symbiotic properties allowed an investigation of the shoot or root control of the relevant phenotype. By means of grafts between these mutants and wild-type plants (cultivar Bragg and Williams), we demonstrated that supernodulation as well as hypernodulation (nitrate tolerance in nodulation and lack of autoregulation) is shoot controlled in two mutants (nts382 and nts1116) belonging most likely to two separate complementation groups. The supernodulation phenotype was expressed on roots of the parent cultivar Bragg as well as the roots of cultivar Williams. Likewise it was shown that non-nodulation (resistance to Bradyrhizobium) is root controlled in mutant nod49. The shoot control of nodule initiation is epistatically suppressed by the non-nodulation, root-expressed mutation. These findings suggest that different plant organs can influence the expression of the nodulation phenotype.
Quadrupole Ion Traps and Trap Arrays: Geometry, Material, Scale, Performance (2007)

Quadrupole ion traps are reviewed, emphasizing recent developments, especially the investigation of new geometries, guided by multiple particle simulations such as the ITSIM program. These geometries include linear ion traps (LITs) and the simplified rectilinear ion trap (RIT). Various methods of fabrication are described, including the use of rapid prototyping apparatus (RPA), in which 3D objects are generated through point-by-point laser polymerization. Fabrication in silicon using multilayer semi-conductor fabrication techniques has been used to construct arrays of micro-traps. The performance of instruments containing individual traps as well as arrays of traps of various sizes and geometries is reviewed. Two types of array are differentiated. In the first type, trap arrays constitute fully multiplexed mass spectrometers in which multiple samples are examined using multiple sources, analyzers and detectors, to achieve high throughput analysis. In the second, an array of individual traps acts collectively as a composite trap to increase trapping capacity and performance for a single sample. Much progress has been made in building miniaturized mass spectrometers; a specific example is a 10 kg hand-held tandem mass spectrometer based on the RIT mass analyzer. The performance of this instrument in air and water analysis, using membrane sampling, is described.
Realizing white phosphorescent 100 lm/W OLED efficacy (2008)

OLED display manufacturers are interested in white organic light emitting devices (WOLED<sup>TM</sup>s) because these devices, together with color filters, eliminate the need for high resolution shadow masks. Additionally, WOLEDs are well suited for general-purpose illumination, since their power efficacies are approaching fluorescent lamps. A new structure was developed that had the following characteristics that were measured using a spot meter: at 100 cd/m<sup>2</sup> normal luminance, EQE = 20%, power efficacy is 34 lm/W, operating voltage = 3.6 V, CIE = (0.44, 0.44) and CRI = 75.
Computerized scheme for the detection of pulmonary nodules (2003)

A computerized scheme to detect locations of lung nodules in digital chest images is discussed. The method is based on a difference-image approach and various feature-extraction techniques, including a growth test, a slope test and a profile test. The aim of the detection scheme is to direct the radiologist's attention to locations in an image that may contain a pulmonary nodule. Final decisions are made by the radiologist. Results of a preliminary observer study suggest that such a computer aid can improve the detection performance of radiologists.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Multiresolution transform and its application to video coding</title> (1996)

Traditional wavelet edge detection and encoding schemes preserve shape features of objects effectively at a variety of spatial scales and also allow an efficient means of image and video compression. However these schemes also remove texture from imagery and thus image reproduction quality suffers. Fractal encoding techniques on the other hand generate high compression ratios but tend to introduce blocky artifacts in imagery. Thus we describe a video encoding method that combines the shape preserving capability of wavelets with the compression qualities of fractal compression for a hybrid multiresolution technique that achieves high compression, selective and accurate feature preservation, and is computationally efficient.
Strategies for active colloidal manipulation with plasmonic tweezers (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Controlled manipulation of nanoscale objects in fluidic media is one of the defining goals of modern nanotechnology. In this respect, optical traps based on highly localized electromagnetic fields around plasmonic nanostructures offer a promising solution in generating strong trapping forces at low levels of optical illumination. However, conventional plasmonic trapping occurs at predefined spots on the surface of a nanopatterned substrate where trapping is limited by the diffusion of colloidal objects into a small trapping volume which renders the process inherently slow. As we discuss here, this limitation can be overcome by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with magnetically driven helical nanoswimmers and maneuvering these mobile nanotweezers under optical illumination. In an alternate strategy, a similar functionality has been obtained in a unique nanophotonic device, where sub-micron colloids could be manipulated using optical forces alone. The strategy with magnetic nanoswimmers provide a working range that matches with state-of-the-art plasmonic tweezers and in-addition allows selective pickup, transport, release, and positioning of submicrometer objects over large areas in standard microfluidic environments with great speed and control. The MNTs can be used to manipulate one or many nano-objects in three dimensions and are applicable to a variety of materials beyond model colloids (e.g. silica, polystyrene) including living bacteria and fluorescent nanodiamonds. A crucial component of these tweezers is the generation of thermofluidic forces which provide an additional handle to trap and sort objects. The alternate strategy with optical forces, as we will explain in detail, works in a regime where optical absorption and therefore generated heat is minimized.
Novel Antioxidant Compounds from Tart Cherries (<i>Prunus</i> <i>c</i><i>erasus</i>) (1998)

As indicated by an Fe(II)-induced liposome peroxidation bioassay, the EtOAc extract of tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) was found to have strong antioxidant activity. Purification of this extract afforded chlorogenic acid methyl ester (1) and three novel compounds, 2-hydroxy-3-(o-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (2); 1-(3', 4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,5-diol (3), and 1-(3', 4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-cyclopenta-2,3-diol (4), as determined by their spectral data. At a 20-microM concentration, the antioxidant activities of compounds 3 and 4 were comparable to the antioxidant activities of caffeic acid, whereas compound 1 showed activity similar to chlorogenic acid. Also, these compounds showed antioxidant activities similar to the commercial antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene. However, compound 2 was not active when tested at a 100-microM concentration.
Power control with time delay compensation (2002)

Closed-loop power control is considered as an important component in the management of radio resources in cellular radio systems. The algorithms are typically based on feedback information, which for practical reasons is outdated. These time delays in the system, hamper the performance and might even result in unstable systems. Several power control strategies have been proposed in order to improve the capacity of cellular radio systems, but time delays are usually neglected. Here, time delay compensation is introduced as a means to improve the dynamical behavior of power controlled cellular systems, despite time delays. The improvements are validated both in theory with respect to global convergence and stability and in some illuminating simulations.
Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering for Heart Failure (2016)

In recent years, regenerative medicine using cells for treating tissue defects has been in the spotlight as a new treatment for severe heart failure. Direct injection of bone marrow-derived cells and isolated skeletal myoblasts has already been used clinically as a method to improve cardiac function by regenerating cardiac muscle cells and blood vessels. The research on reconstructing functional three-dimensional (3D) cardiac grafts using tissue engineering methods has also now been addressed as a treatment for the next generation. Our laboratory has proposed an original tissue engineering technology called “cell sheet engineering” that stacks cell sheets to reconstruct functional 3D tissues. Transplantation of cell sheets has already shown it can cure damaged hearts, and it seems clear that the field of cell sheet tissue engineering can offer realistic treatment for patients with severe cardiac disorders.
Comparative Analysis of the In Vivo Expression of Tyrosinase, MART-1/Melan-A, and gp100 in Metastatic Melanoma Lesions: Implications for Immunotherapy (1998)

A variety of human melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) have been identified that can be recognized by T lymphocytes in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashion. Among them, tyrosinase, MART-1/Melan- A, and gp100 are derived from nonmutated melanocyte lineage-specific antigens (Ag). These Ag can be recognized by CD8+ and, in the case of tyrosinase, CD4+ T cells. The in situ expression of these MAA may be a significant cofactor in determining the recognition of melanoma targets by Ag-specific T cells. In this study, we examined the patterns of expression of these MAA using immunohistochemical methods on 30 metastatic tumor deposits derived from 25 patients. MAA expression was heterogeneous among the 30 specimens and also within individual lesions. Of note, 23% of the samples examined failed to express the gp100 protein, and 17% of samples had no detectable expression of MART-1. In contrast, all lesions demonstrated some degree of tyrosinase expression even in cases where both gp100 and MART-1 were not detectable. In addition, 60% of samples (18 of 30) showed strong positivity for tyrosinase (> 75% of cells staining) compared with 40% for gp100 and 36% for MART-1. Currently, a number of experimental immunotherapies for melanoma are directed against the MAA tyrosinase, MART-1, and gp100. Although threshold levels of Ag required for T-cell recognition have not yet been defined, tumor-associated Ag expressed in high density, such as tyrosinase, may be better targets for future immunotherapy trials.
Biological activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 24-epi-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1988)

The biological activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 [1,25(OH)2D2] and 24-epi-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 [24-epi-1,25(OH)2D2] has been determined in vitamin D-deficient rats. The biological effectiveness of 1,25(OH)2D2 is equal to that reported previously for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (15) in intestinal calcium transport, mineralization of bone, mobilization of bone calcium, and elevation of plasma inorganic phosphorus of rachitic rats. However, 24-epi-1,25(OH)2D2 is at best one-half as active as 1,25(OH)2D2 in stimulating intestinal calcium transport and in the mineralization of rachitic bone. The 24-epi-1,25(OH)2D2 is one-third as active as 1,25(OH)2D3 in binding to the chick intestinal receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3. Thus receptor discrimination may account for the twofold difference in intestinal calcium transport activity. 24-Epi-1,25(OH)2D2 appeared inactive in in vivo mobilization of bone calcium or bone phosphorus. On the other hand, in fetal rat bone in culture, the epi compound was only five times less active than 1,25(OH)2D2 in inducing resorption. Short-term experiments on bone mineral mobilization in vivo show that the 24-epi-1,25(OH)2D2 does induce bone calcium mobilization but that its activity in this respect is short lived. It is suggested that 24-epi-1,25(OH)2D2 and, as a result, it shows preferential activity on intestine whose response to a single dose of 1,25(OH)2D2 remains for several days, whereas the short-lived bone system does not remain stimulated during the 24-h period between doses.
Improved clinical outcomes after non-invasive oocyte selection and Day 3 eSET in ICSI patients (2021)

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03659786 / NCT02962466 (Registered 6Sep2018/11Nov2016, retrospectively registered.