gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Perovskite (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O<sub> 3</sub> Thin Films by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1997)

Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin films were fabricated by electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR-PECVD) using MO sources. The composition of the PLZT films could be controlled by varying the flow rate of each MO source. Perovskite PLZT thin films with a smooth surface and fine grains were successfully fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si at 450°C. The deposition mechanism of the PLZT films in the ECR plasma was studied by examining the rate of incorporation of each cation into the film at various MO source flow rates. The microstructure of the deposited films and RTA treatment effects were also evaluated.
Stimulus-locked responses of two phase oscillators coupled with delayed feedback (2006)

For a system of two phase oscillators coupled with delayed self-feedback we study the impact of pulsatile stimulation administered to both oscillators. This system models the dynamics of two coupled phase-locked loops (PLLs) with a finite internal delay within each loop. The delayed self-feedback leads to a rich variety of dynamical regimes, ranging from phase-locked and periodically modulated synchronized states to chaotic phase synchronization and desynchronization. Remarkably, for large coupling strength the two PLLs are completely desynchronized. We study stimulus-locked responses emerging in the different dynamical regimes. Simple phase resets may be followed by a response clustering, which is intimately connected with long poststimulus resynchronization. Intriguingly, a maximal perturbation (i.e., maximal response clustering and maximal resynchronization time) occurs, if the system gets trapped at a stable manifold of an unstable saddle fixed point due to appropriately calibrated stimulus. Also, single stimuli with suitable parameters can shift the system from a stable synchronized state to a stable desynchronized state or vice versa. Our result show that appropriately calibrated single pulse stimuli may cause pronounced transient and/or long-lasting changes of the oscillators' dynamics. Pulse stimulation may, hence, constitute an effective approach for the control of coupled oscillators, which might be relevant to both physical and medical applications.
Design and Implementation of RAS-Based Reusable Asset Management Tool (2008)

In order to manage asset library effectively, this paper represents an approach of RAS-based asset management. The paper firstly extends the default component profile of RAS to improve software reuse, and then present tool's architecture based on the extended RAS, which is divided into main system and assistant system according to the function of every part of the tool. Finally, the tool is implemented to show that this solution is feasible and effective.
Directionally solidified thin-film eutectic alloys (1981)

A natural, submicron-size periodic structure was fabricated by directional solidification of Pb-Sn eutectic thin films. Eutectic alloy films between 1 and 8 μm thick were deposited on glass and directionally solidified at rates between 0.5 and 12.6 mm/min that yielded fault-free lamellar structures. A mechanism that involves the propagation of bent plates was observed to adjust the spacing without forming faults. Below a critical thickness comparable to the periodic spacing, the structure was observed to become irregular. The spacing control and stability of the lamellar eutectic thin films are discussed.
Photoacoustic radio-frequency spectroscopy (PA-RFS): A technique for monitoring absorber size and concentration (2013)

A photoacoustic technique for monitoring absorber size and concentration is presented. The technique relies on analyzing the power spectra of the radio-frequency signals and taking into account the receiving transducer response in order to remove system dependencies. By normalizing the power spectra, parameters derived from ultrasound tissue characterization (spectral slope and midband fit) can be obtained. Tissue mimicking phantoms were constructed using black polystyrene beads of various sizes and concentrations as absorbers. The spectral slope decreased by 0.63 dB/MHz when the size of the particle increased from 1 μm to 10 μm at every bead concentration. The midband fit was ~4 dB higher for the 10 μm particle and increased linearly with concentration. These results suggest that photoacoustic radiofrequency spectroscopy (PA-RFS) can potentially monitor changes in absorber size and concentration thus improving the ability of photoacoustic imaging to distinguish structural tissue variations.
Mechanical properties of all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair (2017)

We demonstrate decreased failure load, increased total displacement, and variable failure mechanisms in all-suture anchors, compared with traditional anchors designed for rotator cuff repair. These findings will aid the surgeon's choice of implant, in the context of the clinical scenario.Cite this article: N. S. Nagra, N. Zargar, R. D. J. Smith, A. J. Carr. Mechanical properties of all-suture anchors for rotator cuff repair. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:82-89. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.BJR-2016-0225.R1.
Highly efficient electrocaloric cooling with electrostatic actuation (2017)

Solid-state refrigeration offers potential advantages over traditional cooling systems, but few devices offer high specific cooling power with a high coefficient of performance (COP) and the ability to be applied directly to surfaces. We developed a cooling device with a high intrinsic thermodynamic efficiency using a flexible electrocaloric (EC) polymer film and an electrostatic actuation mechanism. Reversible electrostatic forces reduce parasitic power consumption and allow efficient heat transfer through good thermal contacts with the heat source or heat sink. The EC device produced a specific cooling power of 2.8 watts per gram and a COP of 13. The new cooling device is more efficient and compact than existing surface-conformable solid-state cooling technologies, opening a path to using the technology for a variety of practical applications.
A technique for the deidentification of structural brain MR images (2007)

Due to the increasing need for subject privacy, the ability to deidentify structural MR images so that they do not provide full facial detail is desirable. A program was developed that uses models of nonbrain structures for removing potentially identifying facial features. When a novel image is presented, the optimal linear transform is computed for the input volume (Fischl et al. [2002]: Neuron 33:341-355; Fischl et al. [2004]: Neuroimage 23 (Suppl 1):S69-S84). A brain mask is constructed by forming the union of all voxels with nonzero probability of being brain and then morphologically dilated. All voxels outside the mask with a nonzero probability of being a facial feature are set to 0. The algorithm was applied to 342 datasets that included two different T1-weighted pulse sequences and four different diagnoses (depressed, Alzheimer's, and elderly and young control groups). Visual inspection showed none had brain tissue removed. In a detailed analysis of the impact of defacing on skull-stripping, 16 datasets were bias corrected with N3 (Sled et al. [1998]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 17:87-97), defaced, and then skull-stripped using either a hybrid watershed algorithm (Ségonne et al. [2004]: Neuroimage 22:1060-1075, in FreeSurfer) or Brain Surface Extractor (Sandor and Leahy [1997]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16:41-54; Shattuck et al. [2001]: Neuroimage 13:856-876); defacing did not appreciably influence the outcome of skull-stripping. Results suggested that the automatic defacing algorithm is robust, efficiently removes nonbrain tissue, and does not unduly influence the outcome of the processing methods utilized; in some cases, skull-stripping was improved. Analyses support this algorithm as a viable method to allow data sharing with minimal data alteration within large-scale multisite projects.
Preparation of vicinal N-alkylamino alcohols via acylation-rearrangement of nitrones followed by hydride reduction (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of vicinal N-alkylamino alcohols via acylation-rearrangement of nitrones followed by hydride reductionRobert M. Coates and Clark H. CumminsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 9, 1383–1389Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00359a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00359a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Accumulation of Amino Acids in Forest Plants in Relation to Ecological Amplitude and Nitrogen Supply (1995)

Summary 1. Field experiments were conducted to examine how total nitrogen (N) concentration and accumulation of free amino acids in boreal forest plants were affected by nitrogen supply. Nine species, including grasses, herbs and one ericaceous dwarf shrub, were fertilized with ammonium and nitrate (30 g N m-2), respectively. Leaves, rhizomes and roots were harvested 10 and 65 days after fertilization. The experiments were done in two spruce-dominated forest ecosystems that differed in biodiversity and productivity. 2. With some exceptions, ammonium fertilization gave the largest increase in both total N concentration and amino acid accumulation. The increase in total N was largely caused by an increase in amino acid N. 3. Glutamine N showed the largest response to fertilization and dominated the amino acid N pool 10 days after fertilization. Fertilization gave a more significant effect in the less productive forest. 4. At the end of the growing season, 65 days after fertilization, species typical of nutrient-rich habitats (Filipendula ulmaria, Lactuca alpina and Poa remota), had mainly accumulated asparagine, while species typical of poorer habitats (Geranium sylvaticum, Maianthemum bifolium and Vaccinium myrtillus), had accumulated arginine in rhizomes and roots as a response to increased N availability.
The endothelin axis in urologic tumors: mechanisms of tumor biology and therapeutic implications (2006)

Endothelin (ET)-1 and its receptors ET-A and ET-B, referred to commonly as the endothelin axis, have been identified in various human cancers, especially gynecologic tumors, such as breast cancer or ovarian cancer, but also including urologic tumor entities. They play a key role in tumor growth and progression by influencing critical cancer pathways, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis and proliferation. In prostate cancer, overexpression of the ET-A receptor increases with tumor progression, and clinical trials with selective ET-A receptor antagonists, such as atrasentan (ABT-627), have shown promising early results. In preclinical models of bladder cancer, overexpression of the ET axis has been demonstrated and ET-targeting agents are under investigation. This paper reviews the role of the ET axis in human cancers and focuses on preclinical and clinical studies in urologic tumor entities to further define the role of ET-targeting agents as targeted molecular therapy.
Thrombophilia as a multigenic disease. (1999)

The risk of venous thrombosis is increased when the hemostatic balance between pro- and anti-coagulant forces is shifted in favor of coagulation. When this is caused by an inherited defect, the resulting hypercoagulable state is a lifelong risk factor for thrombosis. Resistance to activated protein C (APC resistance) is the most common inherited hypercoagulable state found to be associated with venous thrombosis. It is caused by a single point mutation in the factor V (FV) gene, which predicts the substitution of Arg506 with a Gln. Arg506 is one of three APC-cleavage sites and the mutation results in the loss of this APC-cleavage site. The mutation is only found in Caucasians but the prevalence of the mutant FV allele (FV:Q506) varies between countries. It is found to be highly prevalent (up to 15%) in Scandinavian populations, in areas with high incidence of thrombosis. FV:Q506 is associated with a 5-10-fold increased risk of thrombosis and is found in 20-60% of Caucasian patients with thrombosis. The second most common inherited risk factor for thrombosis is a point mutation (G20210A) in the 3' untranslated region of the prothrombin gene. This mutation is present in approximately 2% of healthy individuals and in 6-7% of thrombosis patients, suggesting it to be a mild risk factor of thrombosis. Other less common genetic risk factors for thrombosis are the deficiencies of natural anticoagulant proteins such as antithrombin, protein C or protein S. Such defects are present in less than 1% of healthy individuals and together they account for 5-10% of genetic defects found in patients with venous thrombosis. Owing to the high prevalence of inherited APC resistance (FV:Q506) and of the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene, combinations of genetic defects are relatively common in the general population. As each genetic defect is an independent risk factor for thrombosis, individuals with multiple defects have a highly increased risk of thrombosis. As a consequence, multiple defects are often found in patients with thrombosis.
Two-Dimensional Textures and Prediction-Error Filters (1999)

For many years it has been true that our most powerful signal-analysis techniques are in one-dimensional space, while our most important applications are in multi-dimensional space. The helical coordinate system introduced by Claerbout (Geophysics, 1998, vol 63, no 5) makes a giant step towards overcoming this difficulty. Figure 1 shows how convolution in two dimensions is equivalent to that in one dimension.
ON TERM SELECTION FOR QUERY EXPANSION (1990)

In the framework of a relevance feedback system, term values or term weights may be used to (a) select new terms for inclusion in a query, and/or (b) weight the terms for retrieval purposes once selected. It has sometimes been assumed that the same weighting formula should be used for both purposes. This paper sketches a quantitative argument which suggests that the two purposes require different weighting formulae.
Simultaneous Determination of Major and Minor Components in Clay Samples by XRF Spectrometry (2011)

An X-Ray fluorescence spectrometric method(using a ZSX Primus Ⅱ XRF spectrometor) with fusion sample preparation technique has been developed for the determination of Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、P2O5、TiO2、 Cu、Cr in clay.The matrix effect was corrected by experiential α coefficient and scattered line as the internal standard.The results are in agreement with certified values with precision of less than 10% RSD.
Table-Free Bridging (1987)

Simple interconnection of high-speed local area networks (LAN's) can be accomplished without special technology through the use of table-free bridges. Self-guided frame routing allows frames to trace specific routes through bridged LAN's without requiring bridges to maintain address tables or perform table lookups. As a result, the technique applies to networks regardless of their operating speed or topological configuration and requires no interbridge protocols. The paper discusses a method known as source routing that provides tablefree bridging and self-guided frame routing for LAN's. Participation by the bridges that interconnect pairs of LAN's and by the stations whose frames they forward is described. Possible frame formats are shown as enhancements to the standard frame formats of the IEEE 802 and ISO 8802 local area networks.
Charge transition levels of carbon-, oxygen-, and hydrogen-related defects at the SiC/SiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>interface through hybrid functionals (2011)

We calculate charge transition levels of various defects at the SiC/SiO${}_{2}$ interface within a scheme based on hybrid density functionals, which accurately reproduce the involved band gaps and band offsets. The defect levels are first evaluated in bulk models of the interface components and then aligned with respect to the interface band diagram through the use of a model interface showing good structural and electronic properties. Interface-specific polarization effects are evaluated separately through classical electrostatics. We considered carbon-related defects involving single atoms and dimers in both the crystalline SiC substrate and the amorphous SiO${}_{2}$ oxide. Our investigation also comprises oxygen- and hydrogen-related defects, including the Si-Si bond (O vacancy), the Si${}_{2}$-C-O structure, the peroxy linkage, and the hydrogen bridge (Si-H-Si). Among the defects studied, the Si${}_{2}$-C-O structure represents the best candidate for the high defect density measured near the conduction band of SiC.
Contributed Review: A review of compact interferometers (2018)

Compact interferometers, called phasemeters, make it possible to operate over a large range while ensuring a high resolution. Such performance is required for the stabilization of large instruments dedicated to experimental physics such as gravitational wave detectors. This paper aims at presenting the working principle of the different types of phasemeters developed in the literature. These devices can be classified into two categories: homodyne and heterodyne interferometers. Improvement of resolution and accuracy has been studied for both devices. Resolution is related to the noise sources that are added to the signal. Accuracy corresponds to distortion of the phase measured with respect to the real phase, called non-linearity. The solutions proposed to improve the device resolution and accuracy are discussed based on a comparison of the reached resolutions and of the residual non-linearities.
A parallel architecture for large scale production systems (2003)

The authors present an architecture, suitable for implementation on a shared memory multiprocessor system, in which all the phases can run in parallel. Running multiple match, execution, and select phases causes subtle synchronization problems, which if not resolved can lead to altered semantics. The proposed architecture uses a lock and interference manager and a scheduler to resolve the possible synchronization conflicts. A new lock which provides concurrency beyond the standard two-phase locking in databases is used. The conflict resolution phase has been formalized as a scheduling problem. The approach taken is conservative in the sense that the scheduler performs careful analysis (interference avoidance and abort avoidance tests) to prevent interference, abort, and blocking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic calibration of a scanner-based laser welding system (2007)

In precision engineering scanners are widely used for laser beam positioning. Equipped with cameras, scanners enable process monitoring or even position recognition of the parts to be welded. To allow precise welding or position recognition, it is essential to calibrate a welding system. Instead of calibrating the whole system, most approaches only help to adjust the laser beam position. Consequently, the varying lateral offset between the laser’s focus point and the camera’s field of view, due to chromatic aberration of the scanner optics, cannot be compensated. Furthermore, these approaches require manual microscopic measurement of weld seams, which comes along with several downsides. This paper proposes two techniques for automatic calibration without these downsides by use of the system-incorporated camera. The first technique is the calibration at laser wavelength. To this end, the system automatically creates laser spots, evaluates their positions and possible offsets and finally fits an affine model for compensation. The second technique is based on a specially coded test pattern, which is used for calibration at camera wavelengths. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the calibration obtained.
Spectral domain, common path OCT in a handheld PIC based system (2018)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has made it into the clinic in the last decade with systems based on bulk optical components. The next disruptive step will be the introduction of handheld OCT systems. Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) technology is the key enabler for this further miniaturization. PIC technology allows signal processing on a stable platform and the implementation of a common path interferometer in that same platform creates a robust fully integrated OCT system with a flexible fiber probe. In this work the first PIC based handheld and integrated common path based spectral domain OCT system is described and demonstrated. The spectrometer in the system is based on an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) and fully integrated with the CCD and a fiber probe into a system operating at 850 nm. The AWG on the PIC creates a 512 channel spectrometer with a resolution of 0.22 nm enabling a high speed analysis of the full A-scan. The silicon nitride based proprietary waveguide technology (TriPleX<sup>TM</sup>) enables low loss complex photonic structures from the visible (405 nm) to IR (2350 nm) range, making it a unique candidate for OCT applications. Broadband AWG operation from visible to 1700 nm has been shown in the platform and Photonic Design Kits (PDK) are available enabling custom made designs in a system level design environment. This allows a low threshold entry for designing new (OCT) designs for a broad wavelength range.
Quantitative Ischemia Detection During Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Stress Testing by Use of FastHARP (2003)

The rapid acquisition and detection of induced ischemia with FastHARP MRI shows promise as a nonsubjective method to diagnose significant coronary lesions during MR stress testing.
Blockchains everywhere - a use-case of blockchains in the pharma supply-chain (2017)

Blockchains are on the top of the Gartner Hype Cycle 2016 and many start-ups are integrating blockchains into their technology portfolio. While blockchains have emerged in the context of financial applications, non-financial application areas are of interest as well. In this paper, modum.io is presented, a start-up that uses IoT (Internet of Things) sensor devices leveraging blockchain technology to assert data immutability and public accessibility of temperature records, while reducing operational costs in the pharmaceutical supply-chain. The medical industry has many complex and strict environmental control process (e.g., temperature and humidity) to ensure quality control and regulatory compliance over the transport of medical products. The sensor devices monitor the temperature of each parcel during the shipment to fully ensure GDP regulations. All data is transferred to the blockchain where a smart contract assesses against the product attributes. As modum.io is not the only non-financial start-up working with blockchains, a list of areas and other start-ups is provided that aim to reduce bureaucracy, distribute the infrastructure, and saving costs using blockchains.