gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Visual J (1998)

From the Publisher:
Using Visual J++ X is a task-based reference that uses clear organization, step-by-step tasks, abundant code samples, and new cross-indexing techniques to teach Visual J++. This book covers all aspects of using Visual J++ to build a wide range of Java applets and applications, ActiveX objects, COM/DCOM objects, and more. The book also covers some of the more advanced features of the Java 1.2 language. Using Visual J++ X accomplishes these goals by anticipating the needs of the user, providing strong navigation and accessibility to the content. This book provides a powerful price/content value proposition versus other books in the marketplace.
This thorough and easy-to-use, task-based reference helps inexperienced readers quickly learn Visual J++
Hands-on practical approach and well-documented code examples ensure that readers understand and learn Java programming techniques
Strong content and organization, a leading author, new packaging, and 700 pages of material for $29.99 makes Using Visual J++ X an excellent value
Qualitative and quantitative phase analyses of Pingguo bauxite mineral using X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method (2007)

X-ray powder diffraction technique and the Rietveld refinement method have been used successfully for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of Pingguo bauxite from Guangxi, China. Qualitative phase analysis shows that the Pingguo bauxite contains diaspore (AlOOH), hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), goethite (FeOOH), anatase (TiO 2 ), and kaolinite (Al 2 (Si 2 O 5 )(OH) 4 ). Quantitative Rietveld refinement shows that the weight concentrations of diaspore, goethite, hematite, anatase, and kaolinite for the Pingguo bauxite are 71.9(4)%, 7.0(8)%, 11.3(7)%, 6.5(6)%, and 3.3(9)%, respectively.
Nanomechanical and electrical characterization of a new cellular electret sensor–actuator (2007)

Electrically charged cellular polymers are known to display pseudo-piezoelectric effects that endow them with interesting mechano-electrical characteristics. When a film of such a polymer is compressed, charge is generated across its thickness, and conversely, applying an oscillatory or static potential elicits mechanical motions. This dual sensor-actuator behaviour can be embedded in one material and presents distinct advantages of functional integration. A novel electroactive foam is presented here that embeds such a sensor-actuator function. The foam has a sensitivity constant (d(33)) of 330 pC N(-1). Interestingly, the resonant behaviour of the cellular film can be altered by variation in the DC offset across the material. Such adaptive capacity could be of great advantage for tuning polymer-based mechanical devices to be either efficient sound radiators and mechanical actuators, or sensitive and coherent sensors. Possible applications in microfluidics are also discussed.
Two Oxidation Sites for Low Redox Potential Substrates (2012)

Versatile peroxidase shares with manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase the ability to oxidize Mn(2+) and high redox potential aromatic compounds, respectively. Moreover, it is also able to oxidize phenols (and low redox potential dyes) at two catalytic sites, as shown by biphasic kinetics. A high efficiency site (with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and p-hydroquinone catalytic efficiencies of ∼70 and ∼700 s(-1) mM(-1), respectively) was localized at the same exposed Trp-164 responsible for high redox potential substrate oxidation (as shown by activity loss in the W164S variant). The second site, characterized by low catalytic efficiency (∼3 and ∼50 s(-1) mM(-1) for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and p-hydroquinone, respectively) was localized at the main heme access channel. Steady-state and transient-state kinetics for oxidation of phenols and dyes at the latter site were improved when side chains of residues forming the heme channel edge were removed in single and multiple variants. Among them, the E140G/K176G, E140G/P141G/K176G, and E140G/W164S/K176G variants attained catalytic efficiencies for oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) at the heme channel similar to those of the exposed tryptophan site. The heme channel enlargement shown by x-ray diffraction of the E140G, P141G, K176G, and E140G/K176G variants would allow a better substrate accommodation near the heme, as revealed by the up to 26-fold lower K(m) values (compared with native VP). The resulting interactions were shown by the x-ray structure of the E140G-guaiacol complex, which includes two H-bonds of the substrate with Arg-43 and Pro-139 in the distal heme pocket (at the end of the heme channel) and several hydrophobic interactions with other residues and the heme cofactor.
Bias Mitigation Post-processing for Individual and Group Fairness (2019)

Whereas previous post-processing approaches for increasing the fairness of predictions of biased classifiers address only group fairness, we propose a method for increasing both individual and group fairness. Our novel framework includes an individual bias detector used to prioritize data samples in a bias mitigation algorithm aiming to improve the group fairness measure of disparate impact. We show superior performance to previous work in the combination of classification accuracy, individual fairness and group fairness on several real-world datasets in applications such as credit, employment, and criminal justice.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 5-Noranagrelide Derivatives (2013)

Solid-phase synthesis of 1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives employing Fmoc-α-amino acids and nitroaryl fluorides as key building blocks has been developed. The Fmoc-α-amino acids immobilized on Wang resin, equipped with a piperazine carbamate linker, were transformed to o-nitroanilines in two steps. After reduction of the nitro group, the corresponding o-phenylenediamines gave the 2-aminobenzimidazole scaffold by reaction either with cyanogen bromide or with Fmoc-NCS. Cleavage from the polymer support and further cyclization afforded the target compounds. The developed methodology represents a versatile and simple approach for the preparation of various corresponding 1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-2(3H)-ones from a large number of commercially available building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF VITAMIN A (1976)

Abstract Die aus dem β‐Cyclocitral (II) und dem Aldehyd (VII) durch Behandlung mit Orthoameisensäuretrimethylester (III) in Gegenwart von D‐Camphersulfonsäure hergestellten Acetale (IV) bzw. (IX) lassen sich mit Dienoxysilan (V) zu den Aldehydgemischen (VI) bzw. (X) umsetzen, aus denen mit dem Diazabicycloundecen (I) in Gegenwart von Molekularsieb 3A die Polyenale (VII) und (VIII) bzw. und (XI) und (XII) gebildet werden.
Phototreatment of Water by Organic Photosensitizers and Comparison with Inorganic Semiconductors (2015)

Phototreatment of water is drawing the attention of many as a promising alternative to replace methods like chlorination, ozonization, and other oxidation processes, used in current disinfection methods limiting harmful side-products and by-products that can cause damage to the fauna and flora. Porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and other related organic dyes are well known for their use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These photosensitizers cause cell death by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially singlet oxygen in the presence of light. Such molecules are also being explored for photodynamically treating microbial infections, killing of unwanted pathogens in the environment, and oxidation of chemical pollutants. The process of photosensitisation (phototreatment) can be applied for obtaining clean, microbe-free water, thus exploiting the versatile properties of photosensitizers. This review collects the various attempts carried out for phototreatment of water using organic photosensitizers. For comparison, some reports of semiconductors (especially TiO 2 ) used in photocatalytic treatment of water are also mentioned.
Electroporation-mediated gene therapy (2007)

Non-viral gene transfer is markedly enhanced by the application of in vivo electroporation. Electroporation is a safe and efficient system to introduce genes to a wide variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, tumors, kidney, liver and skin. Electroporation has been demonstrated to be effective in numerous disease models. This review focuses on the principles of electroporation and the target tissues employed for gene therapy. Based on the accumulation of positive results, the first clinical study for the treatment of malignant melanoma is now underway, and preclinical studies have suggested that electroporation is useful as a gene therapy protocol.
Medialization Laryngoplasty with Gore-Tex for Voice Restoration Secondary to Glottal Incompetence: Indications and Observations (2003)

Gore-Tex has been used as an effective implant for medialization laryngoplasty in the management of paralytic dysphonia; however, reporting of large patient cohorts has been limited. Furthermore, the use of Gore-Tex in the treatment of glottal incompetence secondary to soft tissue defects has not yet been described. Finally, a number of the procedural nuances of using Gore-Tex have not been elucidated. A prospective investigation was done on 142 patients who underwent 152 Gore-Tex medialization laryngoplasties in 183 vocal folds from December 1997 to March 2002. The primary diagnoses prompting the 152 procedures were paralysis in 94, paresis in 18, cancer reconstruction in 14, sulcus vocalis in 6, atrophy in 3, trauma defect in 5, arytenoid dislocation in 3, bilateral paralysis in 3, bilateral paresis in 1, parkinsonism in 4, and neurologic aerodynamic dissociation in 1. One patient who underwent reconstruction of a complex cancer defect required endoscopic removal of the Gore-Tex because of persistent granulation. Clinical observations reveal that Gore-Tex is a versatile implant that is ideally suited for phonosurgical reconstruction of aerodynamic glottal incompetence secondary to a variety of causes. Gore-Tex was especially useful for medialization of complex anatomic soft tissue defects such as those resulting from cancer resection, trauma, atrophy, and sulcus vocalis. There was superior ease in handling, placement, and in vivo adjustability.
Magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized through a block copolymer nanoreactor route (2002)

The development of self-assembled magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles within polymer matrices at room temperature is reported. Diblock copolymers consisting of poly (norbornene) and poly (norbornene-dicarboxcylic acid) (NOR/NORCOOH) were synthesized. The self-assembly of the mixed metal oxide within the NORCOOH block was achieved at room temperature by processing the copolymer nanocomposite using wet chemical methods. Morphology and magnetic properties were determined by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, wide angle x-ray diffraction, and Fe57 Mössbauer spectroscopy. The CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed within the polymer matrix, and have an average radius of 4.8±1.4 nm. The nanocomposite films are superparamagnetic at room temperature and ferrimagnetic at 5 K.
A new periplasmic protein of Escherichia coli which is synthesized in spheroplasts but not in intact cells (1997)

The gene spy from Escherichia coli has been cloned and sequenced. It encodes a precursor of a so far unknown 139-residue, rather basic periplasmic protein. It was not detectable immunologically in intact cells but was produced abundantly in spheroplasts. It could be a stress protein specific for spheroplasting.
Enantiomeric switching of chiral metamaterial for terahertz polarization modulation employing vertically deformable MEMS spirals (2015)

Active modulation of the polarization states of terahertz light is indispensable for polarization-sensitive spectroscopy, having important applications such as non-contact Hall measurements, vibrational circular dichroism measurements and anisotropy imaging. In the terahertz region, the lack of a polarization modulator similar to a photoelastic modulator in the visible range hampers expansion of such spectroscopy. A terahertz chiral metamaterial has a huge optical activity unavailable in nature; nevertheless, its modulation is still challenging. Here we demonstrate a handedness-switchable chiral metamaterial for polarization modulation employing vertically deformable Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. Vertical deformation of a planar spiral by a pneumatic force creates a three-dimensional spiral. Enantiomeric switching is realized by selecting the deformation direction, where the polarity of the optical activity is altered while maintaining the spectral shape. A polarization rotation as high as 28° is experimentally observed, thus providing a practical and compact polarization modulator for the terahertz range.
Development of an efficient algal H{sub 2}-producing system (2018)

Green algae have the potential to efficiently photoevolve H{sub 2} from water using the photosynthetic O{sub 2} evolving apparatus and the reversible hydrogenase enzyme when CO{sub 2} is not present. Unfortunately algal hydrogenases are very sensitive to inactivation by O{sub 2}, the by-product of the water-splitting process. This problem has been one of the major practical factors limiting the commercial utilization of green algae for H{sub 2} production. The other major limitation, saturation of H{sub 2} production by algae at light intensities much lower than normal solar levels, is being addressed by ORNL. The objectives of this project are to generate O{sub 2}-tolerant, H{sub 2}-producing mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtti, to test them in a laboratory-scale system for continuous production of H{sub 2} under aerobic conditions; and to collaborate with ORNL to improve the overall efficiency of H{sub 2} production in intact and cell-free systems. The ultimate goal of the work is to configure a photobiological water-splitting process that will lead to a H{sub 2}-producing system that is cost effective, scalable, non-polluting, and renewable. The approach to obtain O{sub 2}-tolerant mutants of Chlamydomonas involves two types of selection techniques. The first depends on the survival of cells under photoreductive conditions, where H{sub 2} utilization is required, and the second requires the survival of the organisms under H{sub 2}-producing conditions. As part of this collaboration, the authors have independently confirmed that two of the Chlamydomonas mutants lacking photosystem I used by ORNL do in fact produce O{sub 2} in the light and also evolve H{sub 2}. Not unexpectedly, they do the latter with the same O{sub 2}-sensitivity as the WT cells. This observation is crucial for the credibility of the important ORNL work, since it confirms the potential for doubling the quantum efficiency for H{sub 2} production in these mutants.
Preliminary experiment of surface hardening of polymers by glow discharge polymerization (1982)

Abstract Polymers including polyethylene, polycarbonate, and polytetrafluoroethylene were modified by glow discharge polymerization to enhance surface hardness. The surface hardness of the polymer substrates could be improved by glow discharge polymerizations of silicon‐containing compounds. The mixture of tetramethylsilane (TMS) and oxygen was more effective than tetramethoxysilane to improve the surface hardness. The surface hardness improved by the glow discharge polymerization strongly depended on the nature of the polymer substrates to be modified. The adhesion between polymer films prepared from the TMS/O 2 mixture by glow discharge polymerization and the polymer substrates was good.
Geographic Information System Planning for Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering Applications at the Savannah River Site, SC (1993)

The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) of the Savannah River Site is in the planning stages of compiling a geological, geophysical, and seismological data base on an industry standard Geographic Information System (GIS). The system will serve as a tool for management and integration of already collected site data,planning for additional investigations, and for special studies such as seismic hazard and risk analyses for the Savannah River Site (SRS).
M-SCTP: DESIGN AND PROTOTYPICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF AN END-TO-END MOBILITY CONCEPT (2002)

Abstract The problem of mobility in IP networks has traditionally been solved at the network layer. We present an alternative solution that solves it at the transport layer in an end-to-end fashion, leveraging the ability of a modern transport layer protocol (SCTP) to use multiple IP addresses per association. This is achieved by dynamically modifying this set of IP addresses with new IP addresses that are assigned to the mobile node as it moves around the network We show that this is a feasible approach, discuss the performance ramifications of underlying protocol mechanisms and identify those that are deterrent to handoff performance.
Augmenting mobile 3G using WiFi (2010)

We investigate if WiFi access can be used to augment 3G capacity in mobile environments. We rst conduct a detailed study of 3G and WiFi access from moving vehicles, in three different cities. We find that the average 3G and WiFi availability across the cities is 87% and 11%, respectively. WiFi throughput is lower than 3G through-put, and WiFi loss rates are higher. We then design a system, called Wiffler, to augments mobile 3G capacity. It uses two key ideas leveraging delay tolerance and fast switching -- to overcome the poor availability and performance of WiFi. For delay tolerant applications, Wiffler uses a simple model of the environment to predict WiFi connectivity. It uses these predictions to delays transfers to offload more data on WiFi, but only if delaying reduces 3G usage and the transfers can be completed within the application's tolerance threshold. For applications that are extremely sensitive to delay or loss (e.g., VoIP), Wiffler quickly switches to 3G if WiFi is unable to successfully transmit the packet within a small time window. We implement and deploy Wiffler in our vehicular testbed. Our experiments show that Wiffler significantly reduces 3G usage. For a realistic workload, the reduction is 45% for a delay tolerance of 60 seconds.
Compact hairpin bandpass filter with silicon-based integrated passive device technology for Ka-band application (2019)

In this paper, the design of a miniaturized Ka-band hairpin bandpass filter (BPF) with low insertion loss has been demonstrated. The proposed BPF is composed of a three-order hairpin structure together with two coupled lines leading to the chip pads. Chip-scale package is applied with flip-chip bonding, in order to minimize the interconnection parasitics. Measured with a probe setup, the BPF has a bandwidth of 6 GHz at the center frequency of 33 GHz, ranging from 30 GHz to 36 GHz. An insertion loss of 2.3 dB and a return loss better than 10 dB are achieved throughout the passband. Implemented in a high resistivity silicon integrated passive device process, the BPF features a compact core area of 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Compact broadband low-loss taper for coupling to a silicon nitride photonic wire (2018)

We demonstrate an ultra-compact waveguide taper on a silicon nitride platform. The proposed taper provides a coupling efficiency of 95% at a length of 19.5 μm in comparison to the standard linear taper of length 50 μm, which connects a 10 μm wide waveguide to a 1 μm wide photonic wire. The taper has a spectral response >75% spanning over 800 nm and resilience to fabrication variations; ±200 nm change in taper and end waveguide width varies transmission by <5%. We experimentally demonstrate taper insertion loss of <0.1 dB/transition for a taper as short as 19.5 μm, and reduce the footprint of the photonic device by 50.8% compared to the standard adiabatic taper. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed taper is the shortest waveguide taper ever reported in silicon nitride.
Synthesis and characterization of 10 nm thick piezoelectric AlN films with high <i>c</i>-axis orientation for miniaturized nanoelectromechanical devices (2014)

The scaling of piezoelectric nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) is challenged by the synthesis of ultrathin and high quality piezoelectric films on very thin electrodes. We report the synthesis and characterization of the thinnest piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) films (10 nm) ever deposited on ultrathin platinum layers (2–5 nm) using reactive sputtering. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and fast Fourier transform analyses confirmed the proper crystal orientation, fine columnar texture, and the continuous lattice structure within individual grains in the deposited AlN nanometer thick films. The average extracted d31 piezoelectric coefficient for the synthesized films is −1.73 pC/N, which is comparable to the reported values for micron thick and highly c-axis oriented AlN films. The 10 nm AlN films were employed to demonstrate two different types of optimized piezoelectric nanoactuators. The unimorph actuators exhibit vertical displacements as large as 1.1 μm at 0.7 V for 25 μm long and 30 nm thick beams. These results have a great potential to realize miniaturized NEMS relays with extremely low voltage, high frequency resonators, and ultrasensitive sensors.
<title>Tracking Servo System With New Optical Head Locked Objective Lens</title> (1983)

This paper describes a tracking servo system, with a new optical head, capable of locking an objective lens in place in the head. Using the new optical head, the lens position deviation from the center position in the lens movable range can be detected. Head and lens positions are controlled co-operatively using a detected lens deviation signal. In the tracking servo system, no lens vibration ocuurs, disk eccentricity does not cause track offset and track jump can be repeated as many time as necessary. As a result, stable and high speed accessing and accurate track following are achieved.
An oestrogen-dependent model of breast cancer created by transformation of normal human mammary epithelial cells (2007)

We have created a genetically defined model of ERalpha-positive human breast cancer based on normal HMECs that has the potential to model human oestrogen-dependent breast cancer in a mouse and enables the study of mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Configuration of Detection Software: A Comparison of Decision and Game Theory Approaches (2004)

Firms are increasingly relying on software to detect fraud in domains such as security, financial services, tax, and auditing. A fundamental problem in using detection software for fraud detection is achieving the optimal balance between the detection and false-positive rates. Many firms use decision theory to address the configuration problem. Decision theory is based on the presumption that the firm's actions do not influence the behavior of fraudsters. Game theory recognizes the fact that fraudsters do modify their strategies in response to firms' actions. In this paper, we compare decision and game theory approaches to the detection software configuration problem when firms are faced with strategic users. We find that under most circumstances firms incur lower costs when they use the game theory as opposed to the decision theory because the decision theory approach frequently either over- or underconfigures the detection software. However, firms incur the same or lower cost under the decision theory approach compared with the game theory approach in a simultaneous-move game if configurations under decision theory and game theory are sufficiently close. A limitation of the game theory approach is that it requires user-specific utility parameters, which are difficult to estimate. Decision theory, in contrast to game theory, requires the fraud probability estimate, which is more easily obtained.