gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effects of Islets Isolated From Genetically Engineered Pigs Transgenic for hCD46 and hCD39 in Immune-Deficient Mice. (2014)

Background: Xenotransplantation using neonatal porcine islets is being considered as an alternative to allotransplantation as treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus due to a more stable supply of islets. To overcome severe immunological responses, genetically engineered (GE) pigs have been developed with islets that may be quiescent to the human immune system. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of islets isolated from two different types of neonatal GE pigs. Group 1 GE pigs (GT KO+hCD46), the epitope alpha1, 3-galactose (αGal) was absent (GT KO), and transgenic for a human complement regulatory protein (hCD46). Group 2 GE pigs (GT KO+hCD46+hCD39) had the same genetic modification as Group 1 GE pigs but also were transgenic for a human anticoagulant gene (hCD39). Methods: Pancreases were harvested from Group 1 GE pigs aged 5 days, and from Group 2 GE pigs aged 2, 6 and 7 days. Islets were isolated with collagenase processing and followed by 7-day culture purification. Morphological and cellular composition of the islets were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and 2000 islet equivalents were transplanted under the kidney capsule of Sterptozotocin-induced diabetic immune-deficient mice to assess their function in vivo. Results: Morphological evaluation of the islets from Group 1 and Group 2 GE pigs showed no difference in the insulin and glucagon-positive cells. In addition, neonatal islets from both groups had no detectable αGal-positive cells. Immunoflorescence staining of pancreas sections taken from pigs cloned from the same exact cells showed strong CD46 and CD39 expression. The in vivo study showed that six of the 10 mice that received islets from Group 1 GE pigs and two of the four mouse recipients of islets from 6 day-old Group 2 GE pigs reached normal glycemia after 54.0 and 55.5 days of transplantation respectively. The mouse recipients of islets from 2 and 7 day-old Group 2 GE pigs remained diabetic for 113 days post-transplantation. Conclusions: In this study, islets from both types of GE pigs showed therapeutic effect on chemically induced diabetic immune-deficient mice. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether islets from GT KO+hCD46 ± hCD39 pigs will be less susceptible to rejection mediated by human immune cells. DISCLOSURES:Bianchi, J.: Employee, Revivicor/United Therapeutics. Ayares, D.: Employee, Revivicor/United Therapeutics.
Fully automated detection of the counting area in blood smears for computer aided hematology (2011)

For medical diagnosis, blood is an indispensable indicator for a wide variety of diseases, i.e. hemic, parasitic and sexually transmitted diseases. A robust detection and exact segmentation of white blood cells (leukocytes) in stained blood smears of the peripheral blood provides the base for a fully automated, image based preparation of the so called differential blood cell count in the context of medical laboratory diagnostics. Especially for the localization of the blood cells and in particular for the segmentation of the cells it is necessary to detect the working area of the blood smear. In this contribution we present an approach for locating the so called counting area on stained blood smears that is the region where cells are predominantly separated and do not interfere with each other. For this multiple images of a blood smear are taken and analyzed in order to select the image corresponding to this area. The analysis involves the computation of an unimodal function from image content that serves as indicator for the corresponding image. This requires a prior segmentation of the cells that is carried out by a binarization in the HSV color space. Finally, the indicator function is derived from the number of cells and the cells' surface area. Its unimodality guarantees to find a maximum value that corresponds to the counting areas image index. By this, a fast lookup of the counting area is performed enabling a fully automated analysis of blood smears for medical diagnosis. For an evaluation the algorithm's performance on a number of blood smears was compared with the ground truth information that has been defined by an adept hematologist.
Monoclonal antibodies to human recombinant interleukin 1 (IL 1)<i>beta</i>: quantitation of IL 1 <i>beta</i> and inhibition of biological activity. (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were developed to the Mr 17,500 form of human recombinant interleukin 1, IL 1 beta. Four McAb have been identified that inhibit the biological activity of IL 1 beta. McAb H34 and H67, at 1 microgram/ml (6 X 10(-9) M), completely inhibit the capacity of 1 ng/ml (6 X 10(-11) M) recombinant IL 1 beta to stimulate the proliferation of murine thymocytes or human fibroblasts in vitro. McAb H6 and H21 are approximately 10-fold less potent, and completely inhibit IL 1 beta activity at 10 micrograms/ml (6 X 10(-8) M) in both assays. The McAb do not have a significant effect on the biological activity of human recombinant IL 1 alpha in either assay. These McAb block the binding of recombinant [125I]IL 1 beta to IL 1 receptors on mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and have affinity constants for IL 1 beta in the range of 10(9) to 10(10) liters/mol. Competition studies suggest that two nonoverlapping epitopes on the IL 1 beta molecule are recognized by the McAb. H6 and H34 recognize one epitope, and H21 and H67 another. McAb H6 and H67 have been used together in a two-site ELISA to detect IL 1 beta. The sensitivity of the ELISA, which is 15 pg/ml (0.86 pM), approaches the limit of sensitivity of the thymocyte proliferation assay. The ELISA and thymocyte proliferation assay were used to quantitate IL 1 beta in E. coli LPS-stimulated human monocyte culture supernatants (HMCS). The level of IL 1 beta detected by ELISA in culture supernatants from eight donors ranged from 1.7 to 5.6 ng/ml, with a mean value of approximately 3 ng/ml. By comparison, the thymocyte proliferation assay gave levels of IL 1 in HMCS that were eight fold higher when quantitated by using recombinant IL 1 beta as a standard. This discrepancy with the bioassay used was reflected by the three fold higher maximum stimulation of thymocyte proliferation by HMCS as compared with recombinant IL 1 alpha or IL 1 beta, and only 45% inhibition of HMCS IL 1 activity by McAb. Thus, factors other than IL 1 beta account for the IL 1-like activity in monocyte culture supernatant as measured by the bioassay. The ILB1 McAb and ELISA allow for the first time-sensitive, accurate, and convenient quantitation of IL 1 beta levels in biological fluids or specimens.
Industrial catalytic applications of zeolites (1988)

<b>Background:</b> Previous research had shown that an imbalance in cell proliferation and apoptosis is a vital mechanism for tumorigenesis and cancer progression that may directly influence biological behaviors of cancer. microRNAs are associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. This study aimed to explore the influence of miR-937 on breast cancer regulation of APAF1 expression. <b>Methods:</b> Cancer Genome Altas microarray analysis (fold change > 2, p<0.05) was used to verify differentially expressed microRNAs and RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-937 mRNA level in breast cancer. Cell viability and proliferation were measured using CCK8 and colony formation assays, respectively, after the miR-937 mimics/inhibitors and their negative control were transfected into MCF7 cells. The variations in cell cycle and apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry. DAVID database was used to perform GO enrichment analysis. We use dual luciferase report system to detect the effect of miR-937 on the transcriptional activity of APAF1. APAF1 protein level was determined by Western blot assay. <b>Results:</b> miR-937 was up-regulated in breast cancer cell lines and high miR-937 expression is associated with a poorer survival rate in cancer patients. miR-937 overexpression promoted the viability, down-regulated the G1 phase ratios and increased the ability of colony formation in breast cancer cells. miR-937 inhibition inhibited the viability and the ability of colony formation, promoted the apoptosis and up-regulated the G1 phase ratios. Our results showed that miR-937 targeted bind to the APAF1-3'UTR. APAF1 overexpression inhibited the viability and the ability of colony formation, promoted the apoptosis and up-regulated the G1 phase ratios. After cells were co-transfection miR-937 mimics and APAF1, cell apoptosis level was increased. <b>Conclusion:</b> APAF1 up-regulation or APAF1 down-regulation in breast cancer may regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Cold Sintering: A Paradigm Shift for Processing and Integration of Ceramics. (2016)

Abstract A new sintering technique (cold sintering) for ceramics and ceramic‐based composites using water as a transient solvent to effect densification at temperatures between room temperature and 200 °C is described.
Low‐Temperature, Rapid Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid and Sodium Acrylate in Water (2019)

ABSTRACT Regulating the aqueous polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) is a major opportunity for future materials design, requiring the development of scalable, industry‐oriented procedures that afford modest molar mass and dispersity control without long reaction times and environmentally demanding conditions. To address these challenges, this report presents the rapid copolymerization of aqueous mixtures of AA and sodium acrylate using an inexpensive and scalable protocol based on alkyl iodides/sodium iodide as mediators in water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1414–1419
Synthetic applications of Z-selective ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts (2013)

The first report of Z-selective macrocyclizations using a ruthenium-based metathesis catalyst is described. Selectivity for Z--\nmacrocycles is consistently high for a diverse set of substrates bearing different functional groups and comprised of various ring\nsizes. The same catalyst was employed for the Z-selective ethenolysis of a mixt. of E and Z macrocycles, providing the pure Eisomers.\nThese methodologies were successfully applied to the construction of several olfactory macrocycles, as well as the\nbackbone of cytotoxic alkaloid natural products. Conditions were also optimized for a series of challenging cross metathesis\nreactions using the same catalyst system, and subsequently exploited in the synthesis of a family of lepidopteran insect\npheromones. A detailed mechanistic study probing the origin of the stereoselectivity in these challenging transformations is\ncurrently underway, and will also be discussed in detail.
Solar radiation forecast with machine learning (2016)

Renewable energy forecasting becomes increasingly important as the contribution of solar/wind power production to the electrical power grid constantly increases. Significant improvement in forecasting accuracy has been demonstrated by developing more sophisticated solar irradiance forecasting models using statistics and/or numerical weather predictions. In this presentation, we report the development of a machine-learning based multi-model blending approach for statistically combing multiple meteorological models to improve the accuracy of solar power forecasting. The system leverages upon multiple existing physical models for prediction including numerous atmospheric and cloud prediction models based on satellite imagery as well as numerical weather prediction (NWP) products.
Breaking the interactive bottleneck in multi-class classification with active selection and binary feedback (2010)

Multi-class classification schemes typically require human input in the form of precise category names or numbers for each example to be annotated - providing this can be impractical for the user when a large (and possibly unknown) number of categories are present. In this paper, we propose a multi-class active learning model that requires only binary (yes/no type) feedback from the user. For instance, given two images the user only has to say whether they belong to the same class or not. We first show the interactive benefits of such a scheme with user experiments. We then propose a Value of Information (VOI)-based active selection algorithm in the binary feedback model. The algorithm iteratively selects image pairs for annotation so as to maximize accuracy, while also minimizing user annotation effort. To our knowledge, this is the first multi-class active learning approach that requires only yes/no inputs. Experiments show that the proposed method can substantially minimize user supervision compared to the traditional training model, on problems with as many as 100 classes. We also demonstrate that the system is robust to real-world issues such as class population imbalance and labeling noise.
Performance comparison of dual-rotor radial-flux and axial-flux permanent-magnet BLDC machines (2003)

A novel machine family-dual-rotor, Radial-Flux, Permanent-Magnet (RFPM) machines-has demonstrated that it can substantially improve machine torque density and efficiency. The objective of this paper is to provide a performance comparison between two major alternatives of this technology: Surface-mounted dual-rotor RFPM machines and Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet (AFPM) machines. The comparison is accomplished at four power levels ranging from 3 to 50 HP at a constant speed of 1800 RPM. The comparison includes material weights and costs, copper and iron losses torque and power per unit active volume, torque per unit active material weight, magnet material effect, losses per unit airgap area, and machine efficiency. Pole number effects on both machine types are investigated as well. The results reveal an Indication of the machine best suited with respect to performance criterion for a particular design requirement.
Comparison of mismatch error shaping in multibitoversampled converters (1998)

A number of mismatch error-shaping schemes for oversampled DACs are compared. Simulation results are presented to show that such a comparison should take account of the distribution of the mismatch errors, since the pattern of errors present affects different algorithms in different ways. A scheme for improving the error tolerance of one mismatch shaping architecture is presented.
Novel techniques for the design and control of generalized processor sharing schedulers for multiple QoS classes (2002)

Generalized processor sharing (GPS) is a scheduling discipline which provides minimum service guarantees as well as fair resource sharing. The performance of GPS is governed by the scheduling weights associated with individual connections. We address the design of the GPS weights, along with the related connection admission control (CAC). Our main goal is to achieve statistical multiplexing gains in the presence of multiple traffic and quality-of-service (QoS) classes of connections that share a common trunk. We present novel techniques to compute and adapt the weights. We also characterize the capacity region of the system, and propose a natural CAC procedure. Numerical results on 2-class and 3-class examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Performance-Driven Clustering of Asynchronous Circuits (2014)

This paper proposes the method of generating asynchronous circuits from hardware description language specifications by clustering the synthesized gates into asynchronous pipeline stages while preserving liveness, meeting throughput and latency constraints, and minimizing area. This method provides a form of automatic pipelining in which the throughput of the overall design is not limited to the clock frequency or the level of pipelining in the original Register-Transfer Level (RTL) specification. The method is design-style agnostic and is thus applicable to many asynchronous design styles.
Scorpion Venom Heat-Resistant Peptide Protects Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans from β-Amyloid Toxicity (2016)

Scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide (SVHRP) is a component purified from Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion venom. Our previous studies found SVHRP could enhance neurogenesis and inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in vivo. Here, we use the transgenic CL4176, CL2006, and CL2355 strains of Caenorhabditis elegans which express the human Aβ1-42 to investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of SVHRP mediated protection against Aβ toxicity in vivo. The results showed that SVHRP-fed worms displayed remarkably decreased paralysis, less abundant toxic Aβ oligomers, reduced Aβ plaque deposition with respect to untreated animals. SVHRP also suppressed neuronal Aβ expression-induced defects in chemotaxis behavior and attenuated levels of ROS in the transgenic C. elegans. Taken together, these results suggest SVHRP could protect against Aβ-induced toxicity in C. elegans. Further studies need to be conducted in murine models and humans to analyze the effectiveness of the peptide.
Inhibin Is a Novel Paracrine Factor for Tumor Angiogenesis and Metastasis (2018)

Inhibin is a heterodimeric TGFβ family ligand that is expressed in many cancers and is a selective biomarker for ovarian cancers; however, its tumor-specific functions remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the α subunit of inhibin (INHA), which is critical for the functionality of dimeric inhibin A/B, correlates with microvessel density in human ovarian tissues and is predictive of poor clinical outcomes in multiple cancers. We demonstrate that inhibin-regulated angiogenesis is necessary for metastasis. Although inhibin had no direct impact on tumor cell signaling, both tumor cell-derived and recombinant inhibin elicit a strong paracrine response from endothelial cells by triggering SMAD1/5 activation and angiogenesis i<i>n vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Inhibin-induced angiogenesis was abrogated via anti-inhibin α antibodies. The endothelial-specific TGFβ receptor complex comprising ALK1 and endoglin was a crucial mediator of inhibin signaling, offering a molecular mechanism for inhibin-mediated angiogenesis. These results are the first to define a role for inhibin in tumor metastasis and vascularization and offer an antibody-based approach for targeting inhibin therapeutically.<b>Significance:</b> Inhibin is a predictor of poor patient survival in multiple cancers and is a potential target for antiangiogenic therapies. <i>Cancer Res; 78(11); 2978-89. ©2018 AACR</i>.
<title>Primitive-based contrast enhancement method</title> (1996)

In this article we present a new solution for the problem of contrast enhancement. The method is based on the decomposition of the original image into its primitive components. In a first stage a multiresolution representation of the image is computed yielding transform coefficients proportional to the maximum of the local gradient at a specific scale and at a specific position in the image. As an image detail exists at several scales, the transform coefficients corresponding to the same image primitive are grouped. Contrast is enhanced by groupwise non-linear amplification of the transform coefficients. An inverse transform is then applied to the modified coefficients, resulting in a uniformly contrast-enhanced image without artifacts. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. It could be used in a wide range of applications.
Compact Micro-Optical Diode Laser Assembly Using Mass-Transported Large-Numerical-Aperture Refractive Microlenses (1996)

The advancement of semiconductor laser materials growth and device fabrication technology has brought the cost of the laser chip well below the cost of the associated optics, precision alignment, and packaging required to effectively utilize the device in systems applications. 1 We report here a novel compact packaging approach that utilizes unique microlenses for simplified lens support and alignment In this scheme, a microlens fabricated on a planar substrate is directly attached to the laser/heatsink to form a precision optical assembly providing a collimated (or focused) output beam. The approach is applicable to either single lasers or laser arrays.
ScentHighlights (2005)

Researchers have noticed that readers are increasingly skimming instead of reading in depth. Skimming also occur in re-reading activities, where the goal is to recall specific topical facts. Bookmarks and highlighters were invented precisely to achieve this goal. For skimming activities, readers need effective ways to direct their attention toward the most relevant passages within text. We describe how we have enhanced skimming activity by conceptually highlighting sentences within electronic text that relate to search keywords. We perform the conceptual highlighting by computing what conceptual keywords are related to each other via word co-occurrence and spreading activation. Spreading activation is a cognitive model developed in psychology to simulate how memory chunks and conceptual items are retrieved in our brain. We describe the method used, and illustrate the idea with realistic scenarios using our system.
Adaptive Channel Estimation and Data Detection for Discontinuous Transmission in TD-SCDMA Systems (2007)

In the TD-SCDMA (time division synchronous code division multiple access) system, joint channel estimation (JCE) and joint detection (JD) take into account all users' signals, and effectively estimate the channel impulse responses (CIRs) and detect the data symbols for all active users, respectively. If the discontinuous transmission (DTX) is employed in the system, both JCE and JD may process the active and non-active users' signals together, but with high complexity and low accuracy. In this paper, adaptive JCE and JD are proposed to process only the active users' signals with lower complexity, based on the known activity information from signaling. The simulation results show that adaptive JCE improves the channel estimation performance, and the combination of adaptive JCE and JD yields better system performance compared with conventional methods.
60-GHz pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.25/Ga/sub 0.75/As/In/sub 0.28/Ga/sub 0.72/As low-noise HEMTs (1991)

V-band low-noise planar-doped pseudomorphic (PM) InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated with an indium mole fraction of 28% in the InGaAs channel. A device with 0.15- mu m T-gate achieved a minimum noise figure of 1.5 dB with an associated gain of 6.1 dB at 61.5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prior Image Guided Undersampled Dual Energy Reconstruction with Piecewise Polynomial Function Constraint (2013)

Dual energy CT has the ability to give more information about the test object by reconstructing the attenuation factors under different energies. These images under different energies share identical structures but different attenuation factors. By referring to the fully sampled low-energy image, we show that it is possible to greatly reduce the sampling rate of the high-energy image in order to lower dose. To compensate the attenuation factor difference between the two modalities, we use piecewise polynomial fitting to fit the low-energy image to the high-energy image. During the reconstruction, the result is constrained by its distance to the fitted image, and the structural information thus can be preserved. An ASD-POCS-based optimization schedule is proposed to solve the problem, and numerical simulations are taken to verify the algorithm.