gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentameric Procyanidins Isolated from Theobroma cacao Seeds Selectively Downregulate ErbB2 in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (2004)

Flavonoids isolated from cocoa have biological activities relevant to oxidant defenses, vascular health, tumor suppression, and immune function. The intake of certain dietary flavonoids, along with other dietary substances such as tocopherols, ascorbate, and carotenoids, is epidemiologically associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have also been shown to modulate tumor pathology in vitro and in animal models. We took advantage of the conserved sequences found in tyrosine kinases to study the influence of cocoa fractions and controls on gene expression. We report that the pentameric procyanidin (molecular weight of 1442 daltons) fraction isolated from cocoa was a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinase ErbB2 expression, a receptor important in angiogenesis regulation. Consistent with this primary observation, the cocoa flavonoid fraction also suppressed human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) growth and decreased expression of two tyrosine kinases responsive to ErbB2 modulation, namely VEGFR-2/KDR and MapK 11/p38beta2. These inhibitory effects were observed when HAECs were treated with the flavonol fraction (molecular weight 280 daltons) isolated from cocoa, which comprise the structural subunits from which the procyanidin flavonoid subclass is biosynthetically constructed. Down-regulation of ErbB2 and inhibition of HAEC growth by cocoa procyanidins may have several downstream implications, including reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity and angiogenic activity associated with tumor pathology. These results suggest specific dietary flavonoids are capable of selectively inhibiting ErbB2 and therefore may offer important insight into the design of therapeutic agents that target tumors overexpressing ErbB2.
Enhancement of polarization performance of suspended plate antenna (2003)

A square suspended plate antenna with enhanced radiation performances is experimentally presented. The proposed antenna is fed by a feeding strip and grounded by a narrow shorting strip at its two radiating edges. The investigations into the radiation characteristics of the suspended plate antennas are carried out experimentally. The results show an improvement on the radiation performances of the proposed antenna over a 6 % bandwidth with VSWR<2:1.
High aperture efficiency symmetric reflector antennas with up to 60 degrees field of view (1991)

A microwave single-reflector scanning antenna derived from an ellipse (rather than the usual parabola) which gives a much greater field of view is presented. This reflector combines reasonable scanning in one plane with good focusing in the other, and its scanning ability is superior to the torus and other single reflectors because it has much greater aperture efficiency and is thus smaller while having the same performance. The reflector surface is derived in two steps: a fourth-order even polynomial profile curve in the scan plane is found using least squares to minimize the scanned ray errors; then even polynomial terms in x and y that minimize astigmatism for both the unscanned and maximally scanned beams are added to form the three-dimensional surface. Numerical simulations of radiation patterns for a variety of antenna diameter and field-of-view cases give excellent results. The 60 degrees scan case with 30- lambda -diameter aperture has only 0.2-dB peak gain deviation from ideal and first sidelobe levels below 14 dB down from peak gain. The 17 degrees , 500- lambda case has only 0.8-dB gain variation and -14 to -11 dB sidelobe levels for approximately +or-68 beamwidths of scan, with focal length to aperture diameter ratio equal to about one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolic products of microorganisms. 234 Urdamycins, new angucycline antibiotics from Streptomyces fradiae. I Isolation, characterization and biological properties. (1986)

The colored urdamycins A to F, six new angucycline antibiotics produced by Streptomyces fradiae strain Tü 2717, were detected by chemical screening. They are biologically active against Gram-positive bacteria and stem cells of murine L1210 leukemia. The urdamycins are glycosides and differ in their aglycones, which can be liberated by acidic hydrolysis besides the sugars D-olivose and L-rhodinose. The structure of the main compound, urdamycin A, follows from the spectroscopic and chemical data in connection with an X-ray analysis. The aglycone urdamycinone A is identical with aquayamycin. The structures of urdamycin B, E, F and partial structures of urdamycin C and D, will be presented in a subsequent paper. The new term "angucycline/angucyclinone" is used for an increasing group of related antibiotics.
Wide Range and Linearity of Near-UV Induced Index Change in Hydrogen-Loaded Fibers: Applications for Bragg Grating Fabrication (1997)

Because of their potential applications in fiber communication systems, there is a considerable interest and possible profit in exploring new techniques for fabricating fiber Bragg gratings. For example, the photosensitivity of Ge-doped fiber to mid-UV (240 nm) light can be substantially improved by loading the fiber with molecular hydrogen before writing [1-3]. However, the strong absorption of 240 nm light in the fiber’s core causes the induced index change across the core to be non-uniform [4]. Also, strong absorption of 240 nm light can heat the core and cause a thermal reaction with molecular hydrogen [3] that saturates the index change and substantially reduces the contrast of the final grating.
Maintenance of genomic imprinting at the Arabidopsis medea locus requires zygotic DDM1 activity (1999)

In higher plants, seed development requires maternal gene activity in the haploid (gametophytic) as well as diploid (sporophytic) tissues of the developing ovule. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene MEDEA (MEA) encodes a SET-domain protein of the Polycomb group that regulates cell proliferation by exerting a gametophytic maternal control during seed development. Seeds derived from female gametocytes (embryo sacs) carrying a mutant mea allele abort and exhibit cell proliferation defects in both the embryo and the endosperm. In this study we show that the mea mutation affects an imprinted gene expressed maternally in cells of the female gametophyte and after fertilization only from maternally inherited MEA alleles. Paternally inherited MEA alleles are transcriptionally silent in both the young embryo and endosperm. Mutations at the decrease in DNA methylation1 (ddm1) locus are able to rescue mea seeds by functionally reactivating paternally inherited MEA alleles during seed development. Rescued seeds are larger than the wild type and exhibit some of the abnormalities found in aborting mea seeds. Our results indicate that the maintenance of the genomic imprint at the mea locus requires zygotic DDM1 activity. Because DDM1 encodes a putative chromatin remodeling factor, chromatin structure is likely to be interrelated with genomic imprinting in Arabidopsis.
Clinical SERS: are we there yet? (2011)

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy or SERS has witnessed many successes over the past 3 decades, owing particularly to its simplicity of use as well as its highly-multiplexing capability. This article provides an overview of SERS and its applicability in the field of bio-medicine. We will preview recent developments in SERS substrate designs, and the various sensing technologies that are based on the SERS phenomenon. An overview of the clinical applications of SERS is also included. Finally, we provide an opinion on the future trends of this unique spectroscopic technique.
Characterization of metal and metal alloy films as contact materials in MEMS switches (2006)

This study presents a basic step toward the selection methodology of electric contact materials for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) metal contact switches. This involves the interrelationship between two important parameters, resistivity and hardness, since they provide the guidelines and assessment of contact resistance, wear, deformation and adhesion characteristics of MEMS switches. For this purpose, thin film alloys of three noble metals, platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh) and ruthenium (Ru) with gold (Au), were investigated. The interrelationship between resistivity and hardness was established for three levels of alloying of these metals with gold. Thin films of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Rh) and rhodium (Ru) were also characterized to obtain their baseline data for comparison. All films were deposited on silicon substrates. When Ru, Rh and Pt are alloyed with Au, their hardness generally decreases but resistivity increases. This decrease or increase was, in general, dependent upon the amount of alloying.
Speech recognition circuitry employing nonlinear processing speech element modeling and phoneme estimation (1995)

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Electrochemical Corrosion Rate Probes for High-Temperature Energy Applications (2004)

Abstract High-temperature corrosion occurs in different sections of energy production plants due to a number of factors: ash deposition, coal impurities, thermal gradients, and low NOx conditions, among others. High-temperature electrochemical corrosion rate (ECR) probes are rarely used at the present time, but if they were more fully understood, corrosion could become a process variable at the control of plant operators. Research is being conducted to understand the effects of probe composition, ash composition, environment chemistry, and measurement technique on the accuracy, response, and longevity of electrochemical corrosion rate probes. The primary goal is to understand when ECR probes accurately measure corrosion rates and when they are simply qualitative indicators of changes in the corrosion processes. Research to date has shown that ECR probe corrosion rates and corrosion rates from mass loss coupons agree within a factor of 2. This good agreement was found to depend on the composition of the sensors, with the best results coming from more highly alloyed materials such as 316L stainless steel and poorer results from carbon steel sensors. Factors being considered to help explain the good or poor agreement between mass loss and ECR probe corrosion rates are: values selected for the Stern-Geary constant, the effect of internal corrosion, and the presence of conductive corrosion scales and ash deposits.
Nanostructured zinc oxide films synthesized by successive chemical solution deposition for gas sensor applications (2008)

Nanostructured ZnO thin films have been deposited using a successive chemical solution deposition method. The structural, morphological, electrical and sensing properties of the films were studied for different concentrations of Al-dopant and were analyzed as a function of rapid photothermal processing temperatures. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Electrical and gas sensitivity measurements were conducted as well. The average grain size is 240 and 224 Å for undoped ZnO and Al-doped ZnO films, respectively. We demonstrate that rapid photothermal processing is an efficient method for improving the quality of nanostructured ZnO films. Nanostructured ZnO films doped with Al showed a higher sensitivity to carbon dioxide than undoped ZnO films. The correlations between material compositions, microstructures of the films and the properties of the gas sensors are discussed.
DRAG: Director-Generator Language Modelling Framework for Non-Parallel\n Author Stylized Rewriting (2021)

Author stylized rewriting is the task of rewriting an input text in a\nparticular author's style. Recent works in this area have leveraged\nTransformer-based language models in a denoising autoencoder setup to generate\nauthor stylized text without relying on a parallel corpus of data. However,\nthese approaches are limited by the lack of explicit control of target\nattributes and being entirely data-driven. In this paper, we propose a\nDirector-Generator framework to rewrite content in the target author's style,\nspecifically focusing on certain target attributes. We show that our proposed\nframework works well even with a limited-sized target author corpus. Our\nexperiments on corpora consisting of relatively small-sized text authored by\nthree distinct authors show significant improvements upon existing works to\nrewrite input texts in target author's style. Our quantitative and qualitative\nanalyses further show that our model has better meaning retention and results\nin more fluent generations.\n
Ndr Protein Kinase Is Regulated by Phosphorylation on Two Conserved Sequence Motifs (1999)

Ndr is a nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to a subfamily of kinases implicated in the regulation of cell division and cell morphology. This subfamily includes the kinases LATS, Orb6, Cot-1, and Dbf2. We show here that Ndr is potently activated when intact cells are treated with okadaic acid, suggesting that Ndr is normally held in a state of low activity by protein phosphatase 2A. We mapped the regulatory phosphorylation sites of Ndr protein kinase and found that active Ndr is phosphorylated on Ser-281 and Thr-444. Mutation of either site to alanine strongly reduced both basal and okadaic acid-stimulated Ndr activity, while combined mutation abolished Ndr activity completely. Importantly, each of these sites (and also the surrounding sequences) are conserved in the kinase relatives of Ndr, suggesting a general mechanism of activation for kinases of this subfamily. Ser-281 and Thr-444 are also similar to the regulatory phosphorylation sites in several targets of the phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase PDK1.(1) However, PDK1 does not appear to function as an upstream kinase for Ndr. Thus, Ndr and its close relatives may operate in a novel signaling pathway downstream of an as-yet-unidentified kinase with specificity similar to, but distinct from, PDK1.
Effect of Deformation Resistance of Steel on Material Flow in Friction Stir Welding – <i>In-situ</i> Observation by X-ray Radiography – (2015)

Material flow of steels with different composition in friction stir welding (FSW) was directly investigated by x-ray radiography. The three-dimensional flow patterns in various FSW conditions were obtained using two pairs of x-ray transmission real-time imaging systems. It revealed that the material flow pattern and the flow rate were tightly connected to the deformation resistance of the steel at process temperature. The material flow zone of the steel with higher carbon content, which has higher deformation resistance, was narrower, and its flow rate was lower than those of the steel with lower carbon content. The shape of the material flow zone around the rotating tool was changed from concentric to ellipse due to the stagnation of the material flow on advancing side (AS) in stir zone (SZ) under the insufficient heat-input FSW condition. Further decrement of the heat-input in FSW led to the defect on AS in SZ. The obtained relationship between the FSW conditions and the flow pattern showed that the lower travel speed of the tool is effective to keep the concentric shape so as not to form the defect for the steel with higher carbon content.
Expression of rat liver vitamin D<sub>3</sub> 25‐hydroxylase cDNA in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1991)

The cDNA coding for the precursor protein of rat liver mitochondrial vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase, cytochrome P450LMT25, was expressed under the control of the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I promoter and terminator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 cells. The transformed yeast cells produced a P450LMT25 protein with an almost similar apparent molecular weight as compared with that of the authentic mature enzyme. The expression level of the P450LMT25 hemoprotein was about 5 x 10(4) molecules per cell as determined by reduced CO-difference spectra. The mitochondrial fraction prepared from the transformed yeast cells exhibited both 25-hydroxylase activity toward 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 27-hydroxylase activity toward 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol in a reconstituted system containing bovine adrenodoxin and NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase.
Nanostructural Control of Implantable Xerogels for the Controlled Release of Biomolecules (2005)

Based on the in vitro and the in vivo analyses, silica xerogels can be characterized as resordable and biocompatible materials for the controlled release of drugs and larger biologically active molecules.
Asynchronous version advancement in a distributed three version database (2002)

We present an efficient protocol for multi-version concurrency control in distributed databases. The protocol creates no more than three versions of any data item, while guaranteeing that: update transactions never interfere with read-only transactions; the version advancement mechanism is completely asynchronous with (both update and read-only) user transactions; and read-only transactions do not acquire locks and do not write control information into the data items being read. This is an improvement over existing multi-versioning schemes for distributed databases, which either require a potentially unlimited number of versions, or require coordination between version advancement and user transactions. Our protocol can be applied in a centralized system also, where the improvement over existing techniques is in reducing the number of versions from four to three. The proposed protocol is valuable in large applications that currently shut off access to the system while managing version advancement manually, but now have a need for automating this process and providing continuous access to the data.
An InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiode exhibiting a gain-bandwidth product of 60 GHz (1986)

Previously we reported on the pulse1 and frequency response2 of InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption, grading, and multiplication regions (SAGM-APD). In this paper we describe several modifications we have made to the device structure, shown schematically in Fig. 1, to achieve significant improvement in both the frequency and pulse response. The changes include (1) reduction of the total depletion width to decrease the transit time of the free carriers, (2) use of low-resistance substrates to reduce the RC time constant, (3) introduction of an additional transition layer to eliminate effectively hole trapping at the heterojunction interfaces, and (4) increasing the carrier concentration in the multiplication region to reduce avalanche buildup time.
miR-129 as a novel therapeutic target and biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer (2014)

In the last decade, cancer research efforts in the field of noncoding microRNA (miRNA) have been growing exponentially. miRNA-based therapeutics have been tested in both preclinical and clinical settings, and miRNA-based cancer diagnostics and prognostics have moved into clinics to help better manage cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence in recent literature suggests miRNA-129 plays important roles in gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular carcinoma, and esophageal cancer. In this review, we focus on accumulating evidence demonstrating the key roles that miRNA-129 plays in tumorigenesis, disease progression, chemoresistance, proliferation, and cell cycle control. Understanding the emerging roles and mechanisms of miRNA-129 in cancer will help us realize the therapeutic and diagnostic/prognostic potential.
Near-infrared simultaneous Stokes imaging polarimeter: integration, field acquisitions, and instrument error estimation (2011)

In 2009, we presented a compact division of amplitude imaging polarimeter design that captures the complete Stokes parameters simultaneously. The advantages of this design are 1) reduced sensitivity to noise based on the optimized selection of polarization elements, 2) minimization of differential aberrations in the four polarimetric channels, and 3) reduction in image registration errors. A prototype polarimeter was integrated for the near-infrared wavelength, field tested, and shown to calculate and display estimated scene polarization in real time. In this paper, several data sets are presented showing the instruments unique remote detection capabilities from various platforms and scene types. Acquisitions include ground view, aerial view of an urban area, and K-model rocket plume imaging at 2.5 kilometers. The acquisitions were processed using several new polarimetric imaging techniques detailing the unique remote detection capability. This polarimeter design was driven by the requirement to increase the accuracy of Stokes estimation. Therefore, this paper will conclude with the precision or an estimate of errors associated with this particular instrument.
The Effects of Laser Polarization on The Performance of Terahertz Time-domain Spectrometer (2019)

A fiber-type terahertz time-domain spectrometer was designed by combining fiber femtosecond laser with fiber-coupled photoconductive antenna. The effects of laser polarization on the terahertz time-domain waveform, intensity and spectral characteristics are studied experimentally. By precise control and optimization of the polarization state of the femtosecond laser, the time-domain pulse splitting phenomenon is eliminated, and a single peak time-domain pulse with high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained.
A Compact Enhanced-Bandwidth Hybrid Ring Using an Artificial Lumped-Element Left-Handed Transmission-Line Section (2004)

A new type of compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring using an artificial lumped-element left-handed (LH) transmission-line (TL) section is proposed. The replacement of the 270/spl deg/ branch of the conventional hybrid ring by a -90/spl deg/ LH-TL branch results in both size reduction and bandwidth enhancement. The working principle of the LH TL used in the hybrid ring is explained and the performances of the component are demonstrated by measurement results. The proposed hybrid exhibits 67% size reduction compared to the conventional one, and shows a 58% and 49% bandwidth enhancements at 2 GHz in the 180/spl deg/-out-of-phase and in-phase operations, respectively.
Safe Maritime Autonomous Navigation With COLREGS, Using Velocity Obstacles (2013)

This paper presents an autonomous motion planning algorithm for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to navigate safely in dynamic, cluttered environments. The algorithm not only addresses hazard avoidance (HA) for stationary and moving hazards, but also applies the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (known as COLREGS, for COLlision REGulationS). The COLREGS rules specify, for example, which vessel is responsible for giving way to the other and to which side of the “stand-on” vessel to maneuver. Three primary COLREGS rules are considered in this paper: crossing, overtaking, and head-on situations. For autonomous USVs to be safely deployed in environments with other traffic boats, it is imperative that the USV's navigation algorithm obeys COLREGS. Furthermore, when other boats disregard their responsibility under COLREGS, the USV must fall back to its HA algorithms to prevent a collision. The proposed approach is based on velocity obstacles (VO) method, which generates a cone-shaped obstacle in the velocity space. Because VOs also specify on which side of the obstacle the vehicle will pass during the avoidance maneuver, COLREGS are encoded in the velocity space in a natural way. Results from several experiments involving up to four vessels are presented, in what we believe is the first on-water demonstration of autonomous COLREGS maneuvers without explicit intervehicle communication. We also show an application of this motion planner to a target trailing task, where a strategic planner commands USV waypoints based on high-level objectives, and the local motion planner ensures hazard avoidance and compliance with COLREGS during a traverse.