gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Plasma Albumin Levels Are Associated with Increased Plasma Protein Glycation and HbA1c in Diabetes (2011)

Albumin is one of the most abundant plasma proteins and is heavily glycated in diabetes. In this study, we have addressed whether variation in the albumin levels influence glycation of plasma proteins and HbA1c. The study was performed in three systems: (1) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice plasma, (2) diabetic clinical plasma, and (3) in vitro glycated plasma. Diabetic mice and clinical plasma samples were categorized as diabetic high albumin plasma (DHAP) and diabetic low albumin plasma (DLAP) on the basis of their albumin levels. For the in vitro experiment, two albumin levels, high albumin plasma (HAP) and low albumin plasma (LAP), were created by differential depletion of plasma albumin. Protein glycation was studied by using a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), Western blotting, and LC-MS(E). In both mice and clinical experiments, an increased plasma protein glycation was observed in DLAP than in DHAP. Additionally, plasma albumin levels were negatively correlated with HbA1c. The in vitro experiment with differential depletion of albumin mechanistically showed that the low albumin levels are associated with increased plasma protein glycation and that albumin competes for glycation with other plasma proteins.
A study in using neural networks for anomaly and misuse detection (1999)

Current intrusion detection systems lack the ability to generalize from previously observed attacks to detect even slight variations of known attacks. This paper describes new process-based intrusion detection approaches that provide the ability to generalize from previously observed behavior to recognize future unseen behavior. The approach employs artificial neural networks (ANNs), and can be used for both anomaly detection in order to detect novel attacks and misuse detection in order to detect known attacks and even variations of known attacks. These techniques were applied to a large corpus of data collected by Lincoln Labs at MIT for an intrusion detection system evaluation sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Results from applying these techniques for both anomaly and misuse detection against the DARPA evaluation data are presented.
Comparison of Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of human papillomavirus DNA (1991)

A methodologic study was performed to compare the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization, two commonly used testing strategies for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Three laboratories tested masked aliquots of exfoliated cervical cell specimens obtained from 120 women by cervicovaginal lavage. The study population included 32 women with condylomatous atypia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 88 control women with no known history of cervical neoplasia. Two laboratories used PCR with different sets of consensus primers for HPV detection. The third laboratory used low-stringency Southern blot hybridization to identify all HPV types, followed by high-stringency Southern and/or dot blot hybridization to confirm specific HPV types. One of the PCR primer sets detected HPV types with a differential efficiency that was not predicted by analysis of DNA sequences or direct testing of HPV-containing plasmids. In contrast, the second PCR primer set was shown to be a much broader consensus system, detecting the same HPV types as Southern blotting, though requiring much less clinical specimen. Over 80% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or condylomatous atypia were found to be HPV infected both by Southern blotting and by the second PCR primer set. Among the control women, 11% were HPV positive by Southern blotting, while 31% were positive with the second set of primers. Most of the HPV infections found only by PCR were not due to HPV type 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, or 45. These known HPV types were uncommon among normal women in the study population, even as determined by the PCR method.
RGD mimetics γ-AApeptides and methods of use (US 20,140,004,039 A1): a patent evaluation (2015)

The patent (US 20140004039 A1) claims Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) mimetics based on a new type of peptidomimetics - γ-AApeptides - which display high binding affinity and specificity to integrin αvβ3. Integrin αvβ3 is one of the most important proteins involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of solid tumors. It binds tightly to the tripeptide RGD, a prominent recognition motif found in extracellular matrix proteins. As αvβ3 is frequently upregulated during tumor angiogenesis, molecules mimicking the RGD recognition motif may target αvβ3 specifically and therefore can be used for cancer prevention or targeted diagnosis. Indeed, several positron emission tomography tracers targeting αvβ3 are currently under clinical investigation. γ-AApeptides as a new class of peptidomimetics show enhanced stability against proteolytic degradation and are amendable for derivatization due to their enormous chemodiversity. γ-AApeptide-based RGD mimetics, including linear, cyclic and multimeric γ-AApeptides, display comparable binding affinity and specificity to integrin αvβ3. These RGD mimetics can be synthesized easily on the solid phase and have been shown to be excellent positron emission tomography tracers by targeting glioblastoma tumor on the mouse model. As γ-AApeptide-based peptidomimetics are more stable than RGD peptides, they could be novel agents for the diagnostics and treatment of various cancers.
Optoelectronic cellular neural networks based on amorphous silicon thin film technology (2002)

In this paper, hardware realization of cellular neural networks in amorphous silicon thin film technology is proposed. In this way, it is possible to realize inexpensive large-scale, easily programmable circuits, with integrated light-sensing and light-emitting devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Component Balance in Mixed Lactic Starters as Influenced by Preservative Procedures (1974)

Relative storage efficiency o~ freezing at --20 C, lyophilization, and ultra-low temperature freezing ( --196 C) in mainraining the component-strain balance of mixed lactic cultures was evaluated. Liquid nitrogen freezing, followed by lyophilization and freezing at --20 C, was the best preservative procedure for retaining the original strain balance and acid-producing ability of mixed lactic cultures.
Deterministic wavelet thresholding for maximum-error metrics (2004)

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the wavelet, decomposition as a tool for reducing large amounts of data down to compact, wavelet synopses that can be used to obtain fast, accurate approximate answers to user queries. While conventional wavelet synopses are based on greedily minimizing the overall root-mean-squared (i.e., L2-norm) error in the data approximation, recent work has demonstrated that such synopses can suffer from important problems, including severe bias and wide variance in the quality of the data reconstruction, and lack of non-trivial guarantees for individual approximate answers. As a result, probabilistic thresholding schemes have been recently proposed as a means of building wavelet synopses that try to probabilistically control other approximation-error metrics, such as the maximum relative error in data-value reconstruction, which is arguably the most important for approximate query answers and meaningful error guarantees.One of the main open problems posed by this earlier work is whether it is possible to design efficient deterministic wavelet-thresholding algorithms for minimizing non-L2 error metrics that are relevant to approximate query processing systems, such as maximum relative or maximum absolute error. Obviously, such algorithms can guarantee better wavelet synopses and avoid the pitfalls of probabilistic techniques (e.g., "bad" coin-flip sequences) leading to poor solutions. In this paper, we address this problem and propose novel, computationally efficient schemes for deterministic wavelet thresholding with the objective of optimizing maximum-error metrics. We introduce an optimal low polynomial-time algorithm for one-dimensional wavelet thresholding--our algorithm is based on a new Dynamic-Programming (DP) formulation, and can be employed to minimize the maximum relative or absolute error in the data reconstruction. Unfortunately, directly extending our one-dimensional DP algorithm to multi-dimensional wavelets results in a super-exponential increase in time complexity with the data dimensionality. Thus, we also introduce novel, polynomial-time approximation schemes (with tunable approximation guarantees for the target maximum-error metric) for deterministic wavelet thresholding in multiple dimensions.
Authenticating displayed names in telephony (2009)

In both traditional and Internet Protocol (IP) telephony, a caller ID number is subject to control and verification, whereas the displayable caller ID name is a convenience feature which operators have no control over. It may be arbitrarily set by the caller. Voice phishing can exploit this weakness-e.g., make a call spoofing the name of a bank and ask for account information. We present a framework that allows each call participant to authenticate the displayed name of other parties via public name registries and International Telecommunication Union Telecom Standardization Sector (ITU-T) X.509 certificates. The authentication can work end-to-end, on-demand, for both called and calling party's name, for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), landline, or mobile endpoints. The framework is flexible, does not require global public key infrastructure (PKI), and allows concerned financial, medical, and legal institutions to delegate the use of their authenticated names to employees outside the office as well as outsourcing companies. A proof-of-concept implementation is also presented.
A study on negative Poisson’s ratio effect of 3D auxetic orthogonal textile composites under compression (2017)

More and more researches have been focused on auxetic composite materials and a number of composite structures have been fabricated, synthesized or theoretically predicted. Since their structures are complex, their mechanical behavior is very difficult to be characterized. The purpose of the present paper is to systematically investigate the negative Poisson's ratio effect of a novel three-dimensional auxetic orthogonal textile composite under compression. Firstly, a set of equations are derived for the theoretical calculation of the Poisson's ratio of the composite under uniaxial compression via an analytical analysis. Secondly, a finite element model (FEM) is created by ANSYS Parameter Design Language and is verified by experiment. The deviation between the simulation and experimental results are carefully discussed. Thirdly, the effects of geometry parameters and material properties on the negative Poisson's ratio behavior of the composite are discussed based on the FEM simulated results. At last, a general basis is concluded. It is expected that the outcomes of this study could be useful to guide the design and fabrication of auxetic textile composites with required negative Poisson's ratio behavior.
Bioleaching vs. Chloride Leaching: Real Advantages and Drawbacks for Primary Sulfides (2015)

Currently the vast majority of the world’s copper is obtained through sulfide mineral processing. Among the copper sulfides, chalcopyrite is the most economically relevant due to its abundance. Therefore, several technologies have been developed in order to achieve an efficient copper extraction from copper sulfides. Among these developments, the hydrometallurgical options of bioleaching as well as chemical chloride leaching are prevailing for secondary copper sulfides due to their good results at lab, pilot and industrial scale. Examples such as the Bacterial Thin-Layer technology developed by Minera Pudahuel in the ́80s (CL Patent 32025), as well as the Cuprochlor® process developed by Minera Michilla (CL Patent 45163), coming to the more recent “Heap leaching method” (US Patent WO2014030048A1) and the mixed version of the “Chloride method for bioleaching” patented by BHP Billiton (US Patent WO2012001501A1), are some examples that are currently being extended to the efficient copper extraction from chalcopyrite. In this work, we have compared at lab-scale BioSigma’s bioleaching technology and the industrial state-of-art chloride leaching for a mainly chalcopyritic copper sulfide ore. The metallurgical and microbial results, and the economical evaluation and comparative analysis clearly show that bioleaching presents several advantages compared to chloride leaching, being the biotechnological option more cost-effective and therefore industrially applicable.
A Framework for Semi-Automated Generation of a Virtual Combine Harvester (2016)

This paper describes a generic data-driven model of the threshing, separation and cleaning process in a combine harvester. The aim is a model that describes the actual material flow and sensor values for relevant actuator configurations and measured environmental disturbances in order to facilitate Hardware In the Loop (HIL) simulation and sensor based material flow estimation. A modular data-driven model structure is chosen as it maintains the actual steady-state values and facilitates verification and debugging using laboratory and field data. The overall model structure, model generation procedure, and estimation of parameters from field data are described, as well as simulation results are presented.
Anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin does not enhance the activation of plasminogen by tissue plasminogen activator (1989)

The activity of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is stimulated by heparin. Heparin binds tightly to t-PA, u-PA, and plasminogen and decreases the usual stimulatory effect of fibrin on t-PA activity. In the present study we have found that low molecular weight heparin (LMW-heparin) preparations obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization or heparinase treatment of standard heparin have different properties with respect to their interaction with the fibrinolytic system. LMW-heparin prepared by either method does not stimulate plasmin formation by t-PA. However, these preparations of heparin still efficiently accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III. Binding data show that LMW-heparin does not bind t-PA and Glu-plasminogen and only binds very weakly to Lys-plasminogen. These results illustrate that it is possible to selectively destroy the fibrinolytic stimulating properties of heparin while leaving the classical anticoagulant characteristics intact.
Efficient conditional operations for data-parallel architectures (2000)

Many data-parallel applications, including emerging media applications, have regular structures that can easily be expressed as a series of arithmetic kernels operating on data streams. Data-parallel architectures are designed to exploit this regularity by performing the same operation on many data elements concurrently. However, applications containing data-dependent control constructs perform poorly on these architectures. Conditional streams convert these constructs into data-dependent data movement. This allows data-parallel architectures to efficiently execute applications with data-dependent control flow. Essentially, conditional streams extend the range of applications that a data-parallel architecture can execute efficiently. For example, polygon rendering speeds up by a factor of 1.8 with the use of conditional streams.
Validation of conductivity tensor imaging using giant vesicle suspensions with different ion mobilities (2020)

The accuracy of the new CTI technique was estimated to be high enough for most clinical applications. Future studies of animal models and human subjects should be pursued to show the clinical efficacy of the CTI technique.
THE AEROGEL GLASS CONVERSION (1989)

The different treatments which have been carried out to transform an aerogel into a glass are reviewed. Monolithicity of aerogels can be reached using hypercritical drying of methanol or CO2. These two ways are investigated and comparisons about the structure of the aerogels are deduced. Aerogels obtained from methanol hypercritical evacuation are hydrophobic. The oxidation treatment gives rise to free carbon aerogels. The sintering temperature depends on the nature of the aerogel and is linked to its hydroxyl content. It is shown that the water content plays a very important role and causes the bloating and the crystallization phenomena. A chlorination treatment of aerogel allows free water silica glass to be obtained.
Probe Development Efforts to Identify Novel Antagonists of the Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor 4 (S1P4) (2010)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive phospholipid released by activated blood platelets that serves to influence heart rate, coronary artery caliber, endothelial integrity, lung epithelial integrity and lymphocyte recirculation through five related high affinity G-protein coupled receptors. S1P4 receptor is coupled to Gαi and Gαo G proteins and activates extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK), Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Phospholipase C (PLC) downstream pathways. Inhibition of lymphocyte recirculation by nonselective S1P receptor agonists produces clinical immunosuppression preventing transplant rejection, but is associated with transient bradycardia. Understanding the contribution of individual receptors has been limited by the unavailability of selective agonists or antagonists for the 5 receptor subtypes. The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC), part of the Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN), identified a selective S1P4 agonist probe, ML178, by high-throughput screening using a cell-based Tango-format assay. ML178 activates S1P4 receptor with an EC50 of 46.3 nM, and is inactive as an agonist against other members of the receptor family, with EC50s > 50 μM against S1P1 receptor, S1P2 receptor, S1P3 receptor, and S1P5 receptor. ML178 is inhibited by an S1P4 receptor-selective antagonist with an IC50 of 0.83 μM, and is nontoxic to U2OS cells, with a CC50 of > 20 μM. Compound ML178 was submitted to Ricerca Biosciences, LLC target profiling against a panel of receptors, transporters, or ion channels; the data suggest that compound ML178 is generally inactive against a broad array of off targets and does not likely exert unwanted effects. ML178 is the first submicromolar, completely selective S1P4 receptor agonist to be identified.
Dominant mutations causing alterations in acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase confer tolerance to cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides in maize. (1990)

A partially dominant mutation exhibiting increased tolerance to cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides was isolated by exposing susceptible maize (Zea mays) tissue cultures to increasingly inhibitory concentrations of sethoxydim (a cyclohexanedione). The selected tissue culture (S2) was greater than 40-fold more tolerant to sethoxydim and 20-fold more tolerant to haloxyfop (an aryloxyphenoxypropionate) than the nonselected wild-type tissue culture. Regenerated S2 plants were heterozygous for the mutant allele and exhibited a high-level, but not complete, tolerance to both herbicides. Homozygous mutant families derived by self-pollinating the regenerated S2 plants exhibited no injury after treatment with 0.8 kg of sethoxydim per ha, which was greater than 16-fold the rate lethal to wild-type plants. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) is the target enzyme of cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. ACCase activities of the nonselected wild-type and homozygous mutant seedlings were similar in the absence of herbicide. ACCase activity from homozygous tolerant plants required greater than 100-fold more sethoxydim and 16-fold more haloxyfop for 50% inhibition than ACCase from wild-type plants. These results indicate that tolerance to sethoxydim and haloxyfop is controlled by a partially dominant nuclear mutation encoding a herbicide-insensitive alteration in maize ACCase.
Haplotype analysis defines a minimal interval for the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. (1997)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an inherited syndrome characterized by development of multiple endocrine tumors in affected individuals. The gene responsible for the disease has been mapped to chromosome 11q13 by linkage analysis, but the gene itself has not yet been identified. We allelotyped 33 affected individuals from an extensive MEN1 kindred using eight polymorphic markers located on chromosome 11q13, including two new markers (D11S4907 and D11S4908) that we derived and mapped to the SEA-D11S913 region. Analysis of affected individuals revealed two separate recombination events, providing new centromeric and telomeric boundaries for the MEN1 gene. The present data indicate the MEN1 gene is located between markers D11S1883 and D11S4907, an approximate 2 Mb region on chromosome 11q13.
The Ferritin Family of Iron Storage Proteins (1990)

The ferritins are a family of proteins produced in a variety of amounts and types depending on the state of development of an animal, or the state of differentiation of a particular cell type, or the environment. Iron storage is the main function of the ferritins when iron is needed for intracellular use (housekeeping) for iron proteins such as ribonucleotide reductase, cytochromes, oxidases, nitrogenases, or photosynthetic reaction centers or for extracellular use by other cells (specialized). Under abnormal conditions, such as the breach of transferrin-receptor-controlled incorporation of iron, ferritin can also serve to detoxify excess intracellular iron. The structure of ferritin is very complex, consisting of a protein coat of 24 polypeptide subunits, approximately 20 kDa, which surrounds an inorganic phase of hydrous ferric oxide. The polypeptide subunits, bundles of four alpha helices, display remarkable conservation of sequence among plants and animals, which is probably related to the necessity of forming the hollow sphere pierced by 14 channels through which iron may pass. In spite of the conserved regions of sequence, there are multiple genes for ferritin polypeptide subunits within an organism; at the moment three distinct subunit types, H H'(or M), and L, have been identified which are expressed in a cell-specific fashion. How many different subunit types exist, the influence on function, and the number of genes required to encode them are currently being actively investigated. Not only does the protein coat of ferritin display variations, the inorganic phase of ferritin can vary as well. For instance, differences can occur in the number of Fe atoms (up to 4500), as well as in the phosphorus content and in the degree of hydration and order. Such observations have depended on the use of a variety of physical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, EXAFS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The same approaches, as well as EPR spectroscopy, have been used to monitor the path taken by Fe as it passes from mononuclear Fe(II) outside the protein coat to polynuclear Fe(III) inside the protein coat. Both mononuclear Fe(II) and Fe(III) have been observed, as well as dimeric Fe(II)-O-Fe(III), and Fe(III)-oxo bridged clusters attached to the protein. A possible protein site for the Fe(III) cluster is a groove on the inner surface of the dimeric interface, suggested by the structure and from the affect of natural cross-links between subunit pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)