gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian deconvolution of gamma-ray logs (1987)

Abstract The spatial resolution of gamma-ray logs is defined by the length l of the gamma-ray detector. To resolve thin beds whose thickness is less than l, it is generally desirable to deconvolve the data to reduce the averaging effect of the detector. However, inherent in the deconvolution operation is an amplification of high-frequency noise, which can be a detriment to the intended goal of increased resolution. We propose a Bayesian statistical approach to gamma-ray log deconvolution which is based on optimization of a probability function which takes into account the statistics of gamma-ray log measurements as well as the empirical information derived from the data. Application of this method to simulated data and to field measurements shows that it is effective in suppressing high-frequency noise encountered in the deconvolution of gamma-ray logs. In particular, a comparison with the least-squares deconvolution approach indicates that the incorporation of physical and statistical information in the Bayesian optimization process results in optimal filtering of the deconvolved results.
Initial and 6-Month Results of Biodegradable Poly- <i>l</i> -Lactic Acid Coronary Stents in Humans (2000)

Our preliminary experience suggests that coronary PLLA biodegradable stents are feasible, safe, and effective in humans. Long-term follow-up with more patients will be required to validate the long-term efficacy of PLLA stents.
Primary geochemical haloes study of the possibly Carlin-like Dashui gold deposit for gold exploration in southern Gansu Province, central China (2018)

To increase the reserves of the possibly Carlin-like Dashui gold deposit in Maqu county, Gansu Province, central China, exploration techniques to detect mineralization in the subsurface of the mining district are required. Orebodies in the Dashui deposit are usually controlled by structures closely associated with the Ge'erkuohe granitoid. Samples collected from the deposit area indicate that the mineralization is primarily associated with the indicator elements, Au-Ag-As-Hg-Te-Sb, and less so with the indicator elements, K 2 O-Rb-F-Ba. The supra- and/or near-ore haloes are characterized by an As-Sb-Hg-Te-Au-Ag association and sub-ore haloes by a W-Mo-Bi-Co-Sc-Ni-V-Cd association. The primary geochemical haloes of the two main orebodies show that they were formed by up to three hydrothermal events. These results indicated that the two orebodies may extend downward to great depths, as was later confirmed by drilling down to depths of c. 3500–3400 m.
A Two‐Photoelectrode Solid‐State Photoelectrochemical Cell (1985)

This article describes a two photoelectrode solid-state photoelectrochemical cell which is able to produce photopotentials in excess of one voltage and possesses some inherent storage capacity. The storage capacity is presently limited by the low concentration and thin solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) redox layers used between the photoelectrode and the SPE membrane. The use of solid-electrolyte based photoelectrochemical cells provides a unique approach for the photoelectrochemical conversion and storage of selected redox species incorporated within the proximity of the semiconductor/solid electrolyte interface. It is expected that the described cell will be of potential value as not only a specialized storage device, but for specific detector applications.
Viral and Non-viral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Technology Development and Clinical Trials (2003)

Gene therapy as part of modern molecular medicine holds great promise for the treatment of both acute and chronic diseases and has the potential to bring a revolutionary era to cancer treatment. Gene therapy has been named the medicine of the future. For the past 10 years various viral and non-viral vectors have been engineered for improved gene and drug delivery. Although various diseases have been targeted, cancer therapy has been addressed to a large extent because of the straight forward approach. Delivery of toxic or immunostimulatory genes by viral and non-viral vectors has been investigated and encouraging results have been obtained in animal models. A large number of clinical trials have been conducted with some highly promising outcome. We propose that combinations of viruses with liposomes or polymers will solve the problem of systemic viral delivery and tumor targeting, bringing a revolution in molecular medicine and in applications of gene therapy in humans.
Rechargeable Mg Batteries with Graphene‐like MoS<sub>2</sub> Cathode and Ultrasmall Mg Nanoparticle Anode (2010)

The combination of a highly exfoliated, graphene-like MoS₂ cathode and ultrasmall Mg nanoparticle anode is proposed, for the first time, for rechargeable Mg batteries. Such a configuration exhibits an operating voltage of 1.8 V and a well reversible discharge capacity of ca. 170 mA h g−1, emphasizing the necessity of rational morphological control of electrode materials and opening up new opportunities for rechargeable Mg batteries.
Design of large-scale polylingual systems (2004)

Building systems from existing applications written in two or more languages is common practice. Such systems are polylingual. Polylingual systems are relatively easy to build when the number of APIs needed to achieve language interoperability is small. However, when the number of distinct APIs become large, maintaining and evolving polylingual systems becomes a notoriously difficult task. In this paper, we present a simple, practical, and effective way to develop, maintain, and evolve large-scale polylingual systems. Our approach relies on recursive type systems whose instances can be manipulated by reflection. Foreign objects (i.e. objects that are not defined in a host programming language) are abstracted as graphs and path expressions are used for accessing and manipulating data. Path expressions are implemented by type reification - turning foreign type instances into first-class objects and enabling access to and manipulation of them in a host programming language. Doing this results in multiple benefits, including coding simplicity and uniformity that we demonstrate in a complex commercial project.
Processive Endoglucanase Active in Crystalline Cellulose Hydrolysis by the Brown Rot Basidiomycete <i>Gloeophyllum trabeum</i> (2005)

Brown rot basidiomycetes have long been thought to lack the processive cellulases that release soluble sugars from crystalline cellulose. On the other hand, these fungi remove all of the cellulose, both crystalline and amorphous, from wood when they degrade it. To resolve this discrepancy, we grew Gloeophyllum trabeum on microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and purified the major glycosylhydrolases it produced. The most abundant extracellular enzymes in these cultures were a 42-kDa endoglucanase (Cel5A), a 39-kDa xylanase (Xyn10A), and a 28-kDa endoglucanase (Cel12A). Cel5A had significant Avicelase activity--4.5 nmol glucose equivalents released/min/mg protein. It is a processive endoglucanase, because it hydrolyzed Avicel to cellobiose as the major product while introducing only a small proportion of reducing sugars into the remaining, insoluble substrate. Therefore, since G. trabeum is already known to produce a beta-glucosidase, it is now clear that this brown rot fungus produces enzymes capable of yielding assimilable glucose from crystalline cellulose.
ChemInform Abstract: GROUP VA PENTAFLUOROPHENYL COMPOUNDS. 14. PENTAFLUOROPHENYL‐SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHORANES (1978)

Abstract ,Das Pentafluorphenyl‐substituierte Fluorphosphoran (IIa) wird durch Fluorierung des Phosphins (I) mit Sb‐pentafluorid oder seine analogen, relativ unbeständigen Chlorphosphorans in situ mit Sb‐trifluorid erhalten.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR Investigation of Solid-State Polymorphism in 10-Deacetyl Baccatin III (2002)

To investigate the origins of solid-state NMR shift differences in polymorphs, carbon NMR chemical shift tensors are measured for two forms of solid 10-deacetyl baccatin III: a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvate and an unsolvated form. A comparison of ab initio computed tensors that includes and omits the DMSO molecules demonstrates that lattice interactions cannot fully account for the shift differences in the two forms. Instead, conformational differences in the cyclohexenyl, benzoyl, and acetyl moieties are postulated to create the differences observed. X-ray analysis of six baccatin III analogues supports the suggested changes in the cyclohexenyl and benzoyl systems. The close statistical match of the (13)C chemical shifts of both polymorphic forms with those calculated using the X-ray geometry of 10-deacetyl baccatin III supports the contention that the B, C, and D rings are fairly rigid. Therefore, the observed tensor differences appear to arise primarily from conformational variations in ring substituents and the cyclohexenyl ring.
A real-time gesture recognition system using near-infrared imagery (2019)

Visual hand gesture recognition systems are promising technologies for Human Computer Interaction, as they allow a more immersive and intuitive interaction. Most of these systems are based on the analysis of skeleton information, which is in turn inferred from color, depth, or near-infrared imagery. However, the robust extraction of skeleton information from images is only possible for a subset of hand poses, which restricts the range of gestures that can be recognized. In this paper, a real-time hand gesture recognition system based on a near-infrared device is presented, which directly analyzes the infrared imagery to infer static and dynamic gestures, without using skeleton information. Thus, a much wider range of hand gestures can be recognized in comparison with skeleton-based approaches. To validate the proposed system, a new dataset of near-infrared imagery has been created, from which good results that outperform other state-of-the-art strategies have been obtained.
Reduced Immunoregulatory CD31 <sup>+</sup> T Cells in the Blood of Atherosclerotic Mice With Plaque Thrombosis (2005)

Reduced CD31+ T cells in circulating blood is a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaque thrombosis. Our data suggest that CD31+ T cells may play an important regulatory role in the development of plaque thrombosis.
Particle animation and rendering using data parallel computation (1990)

Techniques are presented that are used to animate and render particle systems with the Connection Machine CM-2, a data parallel supercomputer. A particle behavior language provides an animator with levels of control from kinematic spline motions to physically based simulations. A parallel particle rendering system allows particles of different shapes, sizes, colors and transparencies to be rendered with antialiasing, hidden surfaces, and motion-blur. One virtual processor is assigned to each primitive data element: one to each particle, and during the rendering process, one to each pixel-sized particle fragment, and to each pixel. These tools are used to model dynamic phenomena such as wind, snow, water, and fire.
LiDAR and Camera Fusion Approach for Object Distance Estimation in Self-Driving Vehicles (2020)

The fusion of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and camera data in real-time is known to be a crucial process in many applications, such as in autonomous driving, industrial automation, and robotics. Especially in the case of autonomous vehicles, the efficient fusion of data from these two types of sensors is important to enabling the depth of objects as well as the detection of objects at short and long distances. As both the sensors are capable of capturing the different attributes of the environment simultaneously, the integration of those attributes with an efficient fusion approach greatly benefits the reliable and consistent perception of the environment. This paper presents a method to estimate the distance (depth) between a self-driving car and other vehicles, objects, and signboards on its path using the accurate fusion approach. Based on the geometrical transformation and projection, low-level sensor fusion was performed between a camera and LiDAR using a 3D marker. Further, the fusion information is utilized to estimate the distance of objects detected by the RefineDet detector. Finally, the accuracy and performance of the sensor fusion and distance estimation approach were evaluated in terms of quantitative and qualitative analysis by considering real road and simulation environment scenarios. Thus the proposed low-level sensor fusion, based on the computational geometric transformation and projection for object distance estimation proves to be a promising solution for enabling reliable and consistent environment perception ability for autonomous vehicles.
A Transnasal Microscopic Approach for Nasolabial Cyst Extirpation (2002)

Objectives:sublabial approach and lateral rhinotomy have been widely used in the past for nasolabial cysts, but are accompanied by various complications. For this reason, we designed a less invasive, safer and more effective procedure for thorough transnasal extirpation of cystic lesions under microsope. Between 1995 and 1999, 11 patients were treated with the new method. Patients and Methods: All procedures were performed using local anesthesia. Under microscope, the operative field was clear and the cyst could be easily separated from surrounding tissue by bimanual manipulation. The cyst was removed as a whole in all 11 patients. Results: There were none of the cosmetic prblems associated with trditional approaches and tissue damage was minimal. Nasoendoscopy showed normal epithelialization without pus accumulation at the operative site four to six weeks after surgery. Conclusion: We feel that the transnasal microscopic method described is a useful alternative to traditional approaches.
Model-Driven Engineering: Automatic Code Generation and Beyond (2023)

Increasing consideration of model-driven engineering (MDE) tools for software development efforts means that acquisition executives must more often deal with the following challenge: Vendors claim that by using MDE tools, they can generate software code automatically and achieve high developer productivity. However, MDE consists of more than code generation tools; it is also a software engineering approach that can affect the entire lifecycle of a system from requirements gathering through sustainment. This report focuses on the application of MDE tools for automatic code generation when acquiring systems built using these software development tools and processes. The report defines some terminology used by MDE tools and methods, emphasizing that MDE consists of both tools and methods that must align with overall acquisition strategy. Next, it discusses how the use of MDE for automatic code generation affects acquisition strategy and introduces new risks to the program. It then offers guidance on selecting, analyzing, and evaluating MDE tools in the context of risks to an organization's acquisition effort through-out the system lifecycle. Appendices provide a questionnaire that an organization can use to gather information about vendor tools along with criteria for evaluating tools mapped to the questionnaire that relate to acquisition concerns. The supplementary file available through the spreadsheet link below is the Questionnaire Template. It contains the questionnaire used in this study and is available for download and use to collect information from vendors for your own model-driven engineering tool assessments.
Recurrent Loss of STING Signaling in Melanoma Correlates with Susceptibility to Viral Oncolysis (2016)

The innate immunoregulator STING stimulates cytokine production in response to the presence of cytosolic DNA, which can arise following DNA damage. Extrinsic STING signaling is also needed for antigen-presenting cells to stimulate antitumor T-cell immunity. Here, we show that STING signaling is recurrently suppressed in melanoma cells, where this event may enable immune escape after DNA damage. Mechanistically, STING signaling was suppressed most frequently by epigenetic silencing of either STING or the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, which generates STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides after binding cytosolic DNA species. Loss of STING function rendered melanoma cells unable to produce type I IFN and other immune cytokines after exposure to cytosolic DNA species. Consequently, such cells were highly susceptible to infection with DNA viruses including HSV1, a variant of which is being developed presently as a therapeutic oncolytic virus [talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC)]. Our findings provide insight into the basis for susceptibility to viral oncolysis by agents such as HSV1. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6747-59. ©2016 AACR.
Autonomic changes in patients with heart failure and in post-myocardial infarction patients (2004)

A range of techniques for the assessment of autonomic tone are described. Impaired baroreflex control of heart period, measured in terms of heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity, is independently associated with adverse prognosis in patients with heart failure and following acute myocardial infarction. These techniques have not yet entered routine clinical practice.
Multiple SH2-mediated interactions in v-src-transformed cells. (1992)

The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain is a noncatalytic region which is conserved among a number of signaling and transforming proteins, including cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases and Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Genetic and biochemical data indicate that the SH2 domain of the p60v-src (v-Src) protein-tyrosine kinase is required for full v-src transforming activity and may direct the association of v-Src with specific tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. To test the ability of the v-Src SH2 domain to mediate protein-protein interactions, v-Src polypeptides were expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The bacterial v-Src SH2 domain bound a series of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in a lysate of v-src-transformed Rat-2 cells, including prominent species of 130 and 62 kDa (p130 and p62). The p130 and p62 tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins that complexed v-Src SH2 in vitro also associated with v-Src in v-src-transformed Rat-2 cells; this in vivo binding was dependent on the v-Src SH2 domain. In addition to binding soluble p62 and p130, the SH2 domains of v-Src, GAP, and v-Crk directly recognized these phosphotyrosine-containing proteins which had been previously denatured and immobilized on a filter. In addition, the SH2 domains of GAP and v-Crk bound to the GAP-associated protein p190 immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane. These results show that SH2 domains bind directly to tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and that the Src SH2 domain can bind phosphorylated targets of the v-Src kinase domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alpha-power law MOSFET model and its applications to CMOS inverter delay and other formulas (1990)

An alpha -power-law MOS model that includes the carrier velocity saturation effect, which becomes prominent in short-channel MOSFETs, is introduced. The model is an extension of Shockley's square-law MOS model in the saturation region. Since the model is simple, it can be used to handle MOSFET circuits analytically and can predict the circuit behavior in the submicrometer region. Using the model, closed-form expressions for the delay, short-circuit power, and transition voltage of CMOS inverters are derived. The delay expression includes input waveform slope effects and parasitic drain/source resistance effects and can be used in simulation and/or optimization CAD tools. It is found that the CMOS inverter delay becomes less sensitive to the input waveform slope and that short-circuit dissipation increases as the carrier velocity saturation effect in short-channel MOSFETs gets more severe.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Transaction Network, Telephones, and Terminals</i>: The Switched Network Transaction Telephone System (1978)

In June of 1972, an AT&T/BTL project team was formed to determine the evolving communication needs of the financial and retail industries as they moved to implement electronic funds transfer systems. The Bell System response occurred in three phases. The first phase introduced the Transaction I telephone, 407B data sets, and the Transaction Telephone Test Line Station in order to provide a simple means of evolving from the widespread manual-entry/audio-response systems into automatic-entry/audio-response systems. The second phase expanded our system offering to include Transaction II telephone, 407C data sets, and an upgraded Transaction Telephone Test Line Station. The third phase introduced the Transaction printer, which provided a simple means of generating receipts at the terminal location under control of the data center computer. This paper describes the resulting Switched Network Transaction Telephone System and the individual products of which it is built.
Electronic Contract Ledger System Based on Blockchain Technology (2021)

Abstract The rapid development of the information Internet has promoted the development of electronic contracts, but user identities have been stolen and electronic contracts are easily tampered with. Seriously affected the fairness and security of online electronic transactions. For the main body of the transaction, how to confirm that the data identity of the transaction body has not been misused and the transaction electronic contract has not been tampered is the key problem which needs to be solved first. This paper designs the electronic contract platform by combining user identity authentication, encrypted transmission of electronic contracts and blockchain ledger storage. Ensure user identity uniqueness, contract transmission data integrity and non-tampering, and traceability of the signing process, thereby achieving security and fairness.
Functional heterogeneity of human memory CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cell clones primed by pathogens or vaccines (2014)

Distinct types of CD4(+) T cells protect the host against different classes of pathogens. However, it is unclear whether a given pathogen induces a single type of polarized T cell. By combining antigenic stimulation and T cell receptor deep sequencing, we found that human pathogen- and vaccine-specific T helper 1 (T(H)1), T(H)2, and T(H)17 memory cells have different frequencies but comparable diversity and comprise not only clones polarized toward a single fate, but also clones whose progeny have acquired multiple fates. Single naïve T cells primed by a pathogen in vitro could also give rise to multiple fates. Our results unravel an unexpected degree of interclonal and intraclonal functional heterogeneity of the human T cell response and suggest that polarized responses result from preferential expansion rather than priming.