gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive fetal QRS detection using a linear combination of abdomen ECG signals (2013)

The fetal ECG can serve as a tool for fetal distress detection. However, the abdominal ECG of a pregnant woman contains mainly the maternal ECG and a relatively small amplitude fetal ECG signal, contaminated by various noises. As part of the 2013 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge, this study aimed to develop an algorithm for noninvasive fetal QRS detection. The proposed algorithm is mainly based on fetal ECG source signal enhancement using a modified linear combiner. After initial noise reduction, the maternal QRS complexes are detected. Then, fetal QRS candidates are found. For each candidate, a Gaussian-like synthetic fetal QRS signal is created. This signal is considered an observation signal for a modified linear combiner. The 4 filtered abdomen ECG signals then undergo maternal ECG cancellation and serve as reference signals in this linear combiner; hence by finding the appropriate weight coefficients, their linear combination is forced to converge to a signal that represents the fetal QRS complexes solely. The method was developed using the entire 75 1minute-long abdomen ECG training set, and its evaluation on the 100 abdomen ECG test set led to scores of 262.076 for event 4 (fetal heart rate measurement) and 27.848 for event 5 (fetal RR interval measurement).
New System for Digital to Analog Transformation and Reconstruction of 12-Lead ECGs (2013)

Original analog 12-lead ECG signals can be reconstructed from digital data files with accuracy sufficient for clinical use. Such reconstructions can readily enable automated second opinions for difficult-to-interpret 12-lead ECGs, either locally or remotely through the use of dedicated or cloud-based servers.
Privacy preserving disclosure of authenticated energy usage data (2014)

Fine-grained energy usage data made available by recent advancement of smart grid technologies benefit not only electricity utility companies but also customers. Nowadays customers can utilize various services by sharing their own energy usage data. At the same time, such utilization and sharing of electricity usage data with a variety of third party service providers may cause privacy concerns. In this paper, we discuss a privacy preserving mechanism for customers' sharing of energy usage data with third parties using non-interactive zero-knowledge proof systems. Under our scheme, a customer can, for each data sharing and disclosure, add noise to her electricity usage data without entirely losing verifiability of data authenticity, thereby retaining utility of data at third parties even for billing or accounting purposes.
Cooperative Dynamics of an Artificial Stochastic Resonant System (2008)

We have investigated cooperative dynamics of an artificial stochastic resonant system, which is a recurrent ring connection of neuron-like signal transducers (NST) based on stochastic resonance (SR), using electronic circuit experiments. The ring showed quasi-periodic, tunable oscillation driven by only noise. An oscillation coherently amplified by noise demonstrated that SR may lead to unusual oscillation features. Furthermore, we found that the ring showed synchronized oscillation in a chain network composed of multiple rings. Our results suggest that basic functions (oscillation and synchronization) that may be used in the central pattern generator of biological system are induced by collective integration of the NST element.
Image enhancement system for mobile displays (2005)

In this paper, we present a system for enhancing digital photography on mobile displays. The system is using adaptive filtering and display specific methods for maximizing the subjective quality of images. Because mobile platforms have a limited amount of memory and processing power, we describe computationally efficient scaling and enhancement algorithms that are especially suitable for mobile devices and displays. We also show how a proper arrangement of these algorithms forms an image processing chain that is optimized for mobile use. The developed image enhancement system has been implemented using the Nokia Series60 platform and tested on imaging phones. Tests and results show that significant improvement of quality can be achieved with this solution within the processing power and memory limitations that mobile platforms set.
Discovery of (3<i>S</i>)-Amino-(4<i>R</i>)-ethylpiperidinyl Quinolones as Potent Antibacterial Agents with a Broad Spectrum of Activity and Activity against Resistant Pathogens (2003)

Novel quinolone antibacterial agents bearing (3S)-amino-(4R)-ethylpiperidines were designed by using low energy conformation analysis and synthesized by applying a conventional coupling reaction of the quinolone nuclei with new piperidine side chains. These compounds were tested in MIC assays and found to be highly potent against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. In particular, the new compounds exhibited high activity against the resistant pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (MRCR) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (PR). Importantly, when the (3S)-amino-(4R)-ethylpiperidinyl quinolones were compared with marketed quinolones sharing the same quinolone nuclei but different side chains at the C-7 position, the new quinolones showed superior activity against Gram-positive organisms, including resistant pathogens.
Isolation of a Degeneration-Resistant Mutant of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> NCIMB 8052 (1993)

Unless periodically grown from germinated spores, Clostridium acetobutylicum tends to degenerate (that is, to spontaneously lose the capacity both to produce solvents and to develop into spores). To obtain mutants that are deficient in degeneration, C. acetobutylicum NCIMB 8052 was mated with Enterococcus faecalis BM4110 harboring transposon Tn1545. We developed a degeneration resistance assay based on a secondary effect of degeneration, the production of toxic levels of acetic and butyric acids. Erythromycin-resistant transconjugant clones were tested individually for longevity by repeated and timely subculturing. One long-lived mutant, A10, survived 18 +/- 3 transfers (mean +/- standard deviation; n = 20) before extinction, while the wild type (parental cells) survived 6.6 +/- 1.5 transfers (n = 11). The three-fold difference in longevity is statistically significant. In a batch culture in a rich medium, the wild-type cells degenerated within 24 h after inoculation with 1% of an overnight culture derived from germinated spores. In contrast, A10 cells were able to switch to solventogenesis and to sporulate. In a minimal medium with greater buffering capacity, both cell types produced solvents and spores. Southern blots of EcoRI and HindIII restriction digests of A10 chromosomal DNA (but not parental DNA) showed that only one copy of Tn1545 was inserted into the clostridial chromosome. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that there was an alteration at a regulatory locus that was effected by the insertion of the transposon.
Weaving of organic threads into a crystalline covalent organic framework (2016)

A three-dimensional covalent organic framework (COF-505) constructed from helical organic threads, designed to be mutually weaving at regular intervals, has been synthesized by imine condensation reactions of aldehyde functionalized copper(I)-bisphenanthroline tetrafluoroborate, Cu(PDB)2(BF4), and benzidine (BZ). The copper centers are topologically independent of the weaving within the COF structure and serve as templates for bringing the threads into a woven pattern rather than the more commonly observed parallel arrangement. The copper(I) ions can be reversibly removed and added without loss of the COF structure, for which a tenfold increase in elasticity accompanies its demetalation. The threads in COF-505 have many degrees of freedom for enormous deviations to take place between them, throughout the material, without undoing the weaving of the overall structure.
Non-volatile memories in the foundry business (2010)

The role of non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies in the business of silicon foundries is reviewed. Solutions that comply with the NVM requests of diverse customers in today's semiconductor market are analyzed both from technical and business viewpoints. The strategy of NVM internal development in a foundry, the availability of NVM for special technology platforms, and the compromise between internal and external memory intellectual property (IP) are discussed using TowerJazz memory solutions as examples.
Tumor antigens eliciting autoantibody response in cancer of gingivo‐buccal complex (2007)

Cancer of the gingivo-buccal complex (GBC) is a major cancer in Indian men. This study reports the identification of tumor antigens, which elicit an antibody response in cancer of GBC using immunoproteomics. Proteins from KB cells separated by 2-D PAGE, were immunoblotted with IgG from sera of 28 cancer patients, 12 patients with leukoplakia, and 28 healthy individuals. Antigens detected by the IgGs from the patient's sera were different among different individuals with presence of any single antigen ranging from 7 to 79%. Several of these antigens have been identified by MS and confirmed by immunostaining. They are three forms of α-enolase, peroxiredoxin-VI, annexin-II, HSP70, pyruvate kinase, α-tubulin, β-tubulin, ATP-synthase, phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM), aldose reductase, triosephosphate isomerase, and cyclophilin-A. Except, HSP70, these antigens are being reported in cancer of GBC for the first time. Pyruvate kinase and aldose reductase have not been reported to elicit autoantibody response in any other cancer earlier. Initial results show that autoantibody response against α-enolase, HSP70, annexin-II, peroxiredoxin-VI, and aldose reductase are also seen in patients with leukoplakia of GBC, which suggest early occurrence of these autoantibodies during the process of oral carcinogenesis. These antigens can be further validated for their use in cancer management by immune intervention.
Design Strategy Towards Horizontally Oriented Luminescent Tetradentate‐Ligand‐Containing Gold(III) Systems (2020)

Phosphorescent dopants are promising candidates for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although it has been established that the out-coupling efficiency and overall performances of vacuum-deposited OLEDs can be significantly improved by a horizontal orientation of the dopants, no horizontally oriented gold(III) complexes have been reported to date. Herein, a novel class of tetradentate C^C^N^N ligand-containing gold(III) complexes with a preferential horizontal orientation successfully generated through a one-pot reaction is reported. These complexes demonstrate high photoluminescence quantum yields of 70 % and a high horizontal dipole ratio of 0.87 in solid-state thin films. Green-emitting OLEDs based on these complexes operate with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.6 % with an estimated out-coupling efficiency of around 30 %. A promising device stability has been achieved in the vacuum-deposited OLEDs, with operational half-lifetimes of around 37 500 h at 100 cd m<sup>-2</sup> .
Time Evolution of the Excimer State of a Conjugated Polymer Laser (2017)

An excited dimer is an important complex formed in nano- or pico-second time scales in many photophysics and photochemistry applications. The spectral and temporal profile of the excimer state of a laser from a new conjugated polymer, namely, poly (9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO), under several concentrations in benzene were investigated. These solutions were optically pumped by intense pulsed third-harmonic Nd:YAG laser (355-nm) to obtain the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectra of a monomer and an excimer with bandwidths of 6 and 7 nm, respectively. The monomer and excimer ASEs were dependent on the PFO concentration, pump power, and temperature. Employing a sophisticated picosecond spectrometer, the time evolution of the excimer state of this polymer, which is over 400 ps, can be monitored.
Synthesis, X-ray Opacity, and Biological Compatibility of Ultra-High Payload Elemental Bismuth Nanoparticle X-ray Contrast Agents (2014)

Inorganic nanoscale X-ray contrast agents (XCAs) offer many potential advantages over currently used intravascular molecular contrast agents, including longer circulation and retention times, lower administration volumes, and greater potential for site directed imaging. Elemental bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) are particularly attractive candidate XCAs due to the low cost, the high atomic number and high density of bismuth, and the likelihood that BiNPs will oxidatively decompose to biocompatible bismuth(III) ions at controlled rates for renal excretion. Herein we describe the synthesis of ultrahigh payload BiNPs in 1,2-propanediol using a borane reducing agent and glucose as a biocompatible surface stabilizer. Both synthetic solvent (1,2-propanediol) and surfactant (glucose) are evident on the BiNP surfaces when analyzed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. These particles contain ∼6 million Bi atoms per NP and have large inorganic cores (74 nm by TEM) compared to their hydrodynamic size (86 nm by DLS). Thus, the dense BiNP core constitutes the majority (∼60%) of each particle's volume, a necessary property to realize the full potential of nanoscale XCAs. Using quantitative computed tomography in phantom and in vitro imaging studies, we demonstrate that these BiNPs have greater X-ray opacity than clinical small molecule iodinated contrast agents at the same concentrations. We furthermore demonstrate a favorable biocompatibility profile for these BiNPs in vitro. Altogether, these studies indicate that these ultrahigh payload BiNPs, synthesized from known biocompatible components, have promising physical and cytotoxicological properties for use as XCAs.
An Example of Node-Based Postassembly Elaboration of a Hydrogen-Sorbing, Metal−Organic Framework Material (2008)

A robust, noncatenated, and permanently microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) material has been synthesized by combining a new nonplanar ligand, 4,4',4'',4'''-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrabenzoic acid, with a zinc(II) source under solvothermal conditions. The new material features cavities that are readily modified via activation and functionalization of framework nodes (as opposed to struts). A preliminary investigation of the "empty cavity" version of the material and six cavity-modified versions reveals that modification can substantially modulate the MOF's internal surface area, pore volume, and ability to sorb molecular hydrogen.
Highly reflective coatings for micromechanical mirror arrays operating in the DUV and VUV spectral range (2005)

High reflecting low-stress optical coatings for the next-generation of micro mechanical mirrors have been developed. The optimized metal systems are applicable from VUV and DUV down to the UV and VIS spectral region and can be integrated in the technology of MOEMS, such as spatial light modulators (SLM) and micro scanning mirrors. This optimized metal designs enable to reconcile high optical performances with adequate mechanical properties and convenient CMOS compatibility. Currently, micro-mirror arrays with enhanced highly reflective coatings for DUV (λ = 193 nm) and VUV (λ = 157 nm) exist as prototypes.
Fractionation of menhaden oil and partially hydrogenated menhaden oil: Characterization of triacylglycerol fractions (2001)

Abstract Menhaden oil (MO) and partially hydrogenated menhaden oil (PHMO) were dry‐fractionated and solvent‐fractionated from acetone. After conversion to fatty acid methyl esters, the compositional distribution of saturated, monounsaturated, trans , and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the isolated fractions was determined by gas chromatography. Acetone fractionation of MO at −38°C significantly increased the n−3 PUFA content in the liquid fractions over that of starting MO ( P <0.05). For PHMO, liquid fractions obtained by low‐temperature crystallization (−38, −18, and 0°C) from acetone showed significant increases ( P <0.05) in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content over that of the starting PHMO. For selected MUFA‐enriched fractions, reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate, isolate, and characterize the major triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species present. Thermal crystallization patterns for these fractions also were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that under the appropriate conditions it is possible to dry‐fractionate or solvent‐fractionate MO and PHMO into various solid and liquid fractions that are enriched in either saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or the n−3 classes of fatty acids. Moreover, characterization of these TAG fractions by reversed‐phase HPLC gives insight into the compositional nature of the TAG that are concentrated into the various fractions produced by these fractionation processes. Finally, the DSC crystallization patterns for the fractions in conjunction with their fatty acid compositional data allow for the optimization of the fractionation schemes developed in this study. This information allows for the production of specific TAG fractions from MO and PHMO that are potentially useful as functional lipid products.
Cooperative Communication In Store And Forward Wireless Networks Using Rateless Codes (2010)

In this thesis, we consider a cooperative relay-assisted communication system that uses rateless codes. When multiple relays are present, the relay with the highest channel gain to the source is the first to successfully decode a message from the source and forward it to the destination. Thus, the unique properties of rateless codes ensure that both rate adaptation and relay selection occur without the transmitting source or relays acquiring instantaneous channel knowledge. We show that in such cooperative systems, buffering messages at relays significantly increases throughput. We develop a novel analysis of these systems that combines the communication-theoretic aspects of cooperation over fading channels with the queuing-theoretic aspects associated with buffering. Closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput and end-to-end delay for the general case in which the channels between various nodes are not statistically identical. Results are also shown for the benchmark system that does not buffer messages. 
Though relay selection combined with buffering of messages at the relays substantially increases the throughput of a cooperative network, it also increases the end-to-end delays due to the additional queuing delays at the relay nodes. In order to overcome this, we propose a novel method that exploits a unique property of rateless codes that enables a receiver to decode a message from non-contiguous and unordered portions of the received signal. In it, each relay, depending on its queue length, ignores its received coded bits with a given probability. We show that this substantially reduces the end-to-end delays while retaining almost all of the throughput gain achieved by buffering. In effect, the method increases the odds that the message is first decoded by a relay with a smaller queue. Thus, the queuing load is balanced across the relays and traded off with transmission times. We derive conditions for the stability of this system when the various channels undergo fading. Despite encountering analytically intractable G/GI/1 queues in our system, we also gain insights about the method by analyzing a similar system with a simpler model for the relay-to-destination transmission times. 
Next we combine the single relay selection scheme at the source with physical layer power control at the relays (due to the diversity provided by the rateless codes, power control at the source is not needed). We derive an optimal power control policy that minimizes the relay to destination transmission time. Due to its computational and implementation complexity, we develop another heuristic easily implementable near optimal policy. In this policy, power allocated turns out to be inversely proportional to the square root of channel gain. We also see that this policy performs better than the channel inversion policy. Our power control solution substantially decreases the mean end-to-end delays with a marginal increase in throughput also. Finally, we combine bit dropping with power control at the relays which further…
Context-based routing: techniques, applications and experience (2008)

Routing protocols in multi-hop networks typically find low cost paths by modeling the cost of a path as the sum of the costs on the constituting links. However, the insufficiency of this approach becomes more apparent as new lower layer technologies are incorporated. For instance, to maximize the benefit of multiple radios, ideally we should use routes that contain low interference among the constituting links. Similarly, to maximize the benefit of network coding, we should ideally use routes that create more coding opportunities. Both of these are difficult to accomplish within the conventional routing framework because therein the links are examined in isolation of each other, whereas the nature of the problem involves interdependencies among the links. This paper aims at revealing a unifying framework for routing in the presence of inherent link interdependencies, which we call “context-based routing”. Through the case studies of two concrete application scenarios in wireless networks, network coding–aware routing and self-interference aware routing in multi-radio systems, we highlight the common key pillars for context-based routing and their interplay: a context-based path metric and a route selection method. We implement contextbased routing protocols in Windows XP and Linux and evaluate them in detail. Experiments conducted on 2 testbeds demonstrate significant throughput gains. 1
Boiling histotripsy method to mechanically fractionate tissue volumes in ex vivo bovine liver using a clinical MR-guided HIFU system (2015)

Most current HIFU approaches to treat liver tumors rely on thermal tissue ablation. Challenges still remain that prevent widespread clinical application of this technology including long treatment times, side effects such as skin burns, attenuation and aberration by ribs, heat diffusion and perfusion. Recently, a new method named boiling histotripsy (BH) was developed at the UW/MSU to address these challenges. BH applies a sequence of millisecond-long pulses with high-amplitude shocks that rapidly heat tissue and initiate boiling within each pulse. Interaction of shocks with the resulting vapor cavity leads to tissue fractionation into subcellular debris. Multiple BH lesions can be generated to sonicate clinically relevant tissue volumes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a clinical HIFU system to treat tissue with BH and to develop exposure protocols for such treatments with real-time and post-treatment MR imaging.
Brassinosteroid actions in plants (1999)

Recent studies on dwarf mutants of Arabidopsis, tomato and pea have provided convincing evidence that brassinosteroids are a unique class of plant hormones that are essential for normal plant growth. Detailed metabolic analyses of these mutants, coupled with thorough molecular and biochemical studies of their corresponding genes and gene products, are essential for a better understanding of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and its regulation. Molecular and genetic approaches have been undertaken to dissect the brassinosteroid signalling pathway, leading to the identification of a putative brassinosteroid receptor and a few brassinosteroid-response genes. Further studies should expand our knowledge on how brassinosteroids are perceived and transduced to regulate plant development.