gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and atheroma‐associated cytokines on cell proliferation and apoptosis in plaque smooth muscle cells of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis (2006)

Morbidity and mortality from atherosclerosis are associated with complicated atherosclerotic lesions due to plaque rupture, which is regulated by a balance between proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We examined insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced survival of plaque VSMC from carotid endarterectomy specimens and investigated the underlying cellular mechanisms in the presence and absence of IL-12 and IFN-gamma. Both IL-12 and IFN-gamma were strongly expressed in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques as compared with asymptomatic plaques. In asymptomatic plaque VSMC, IGF-1 induced the survival and proliferation of VSMC and accelerated VSMC into S-phase. IL-12 or IFN-gamma inhibited proliferation and VSMC were arrested in the G0-G1 phase. IGF-1 markedly inhibited the expression of p27(kip) and p21(cip) and significantly induced cyclin E and cyclin D. Both cytokines by themselves increased the expression of p27(kip) and p21(cip) and inhibited cyclin E and cyclin D. On the contrary, in symptomatic VSMC there was already increased apoptosis of VSMC and there was no significant effect of IGF-1 or inflammatory cytokines on proliferation, apoptosis or the expression of p27(kip) and p21(cip) and cyclin D and E. These data suggest that IGF-1 is more potent in inducing the survival of VSMC from the endarterectomy specimens of asymptomatic patients as compared to that of symptomatic subjects and cytokines associated with atheroma lesions decrease the activity of IGF-1-induced survival in the VSMC of asymptomatic plaques. The different expression and activity of cell cycle regulatory proteins could be responsible for apoptosis of VSMC and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.
Conditioning of oil‐bearing materials for solvent extraction by extrusion (1984)

Abstract A new procedure, based on extrusion, was developed to prepare soybeans for direct solvent extraction. The procedure eliminates the need of controlled cracking, partial shell remotion, heating and flaking, requiring only an adequate communition to particles passing Sieve USS 14 followed by extrusion in a specially developed extruder. Extruded soybeans were obtained in the form of hard and porous agglomerates, without any dusting tendency, higher extraction, draining and percolation rates, lower solvent hold up and higher apparent density than the best possible flakes. Extruded soybeans were processed by solvent extraction in batch and continuous industrial installations, enabling substantial increases in capacity (up to 100%) and reduction in overall steam consumption (up to 30%) when compared with flakes processing. Extracted oil from extruded soybeans seems to show lower levels of gums and toasted meal at higher soluble protein levels for the same urease activity. Peanut press‐cakes were preconditioned by extrusion before solvent extraction in batch‐type installations, enabling a substantial reduction in residual oil for similar conditions with nonextruded press‐cake. For existing plants, the new procedure allows a substantial increase in plant capacity and lower steam consumption. For new plants, the new procedure allows substantial capital savings in equipment and space. The new procedure enables soybean processing by direct solvent extraction in small batch‐type installation, which may be very convenient for some underdeveloped areas.
Cytomegalovirus infection (1992)

Recent diagnostic advances in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection include tests for seroreactivity to individual viral proteins and additional experience with DNA amplification and immunostaining for CMV antigen in leukocytes. In certain well-defined high-risk patient subsets, presence of infectious virus in the blood or bronchoalveolar lavage is sufficiently predictive of invasive CMV disease to warrant immediate therapy. Emphasis on viral quantitation in clinical specimens will increase, because this is a way to assess the urgency of antiviral therapy. Foscarnet has become more available as an alternative to ganciclovir for treatment of disease, but both drugs are toxic and must not be used casually. CMV strains resistant to either or both drugs are of concern. Debate continues on various approaches to preventing CMV disease, such as donor-recipient screening, selection of immunosuppressive regimens, immune globulins, acyclovir, and ganciclovir.
Effect of Prophylactic Phenobarbital on Intraventricular Hemorrhage in High-Risk Infants (1984)

Forty-two premature infants less than 24 hours of age, with normal admission echoencephalograms, were randomly assigned to control or phenobarbital treatment groups. Infants in the treated group received two loading doses of 10 mg/kg of phenobarbital 12 hours apart, followed by a maintenance dose of 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours for 6 days. Serial echoencephalograms were obtained in both groups. The groups were comparable with regard to birth weight, gestational age, and potential risk factors for subependymal-intraventricular hemorrhage. Ten infants (48%) in each group developed hemorrhage. The hemorrhages in the phenobarbital-treated group were significantly less severe than those in the control group. The phenobarbital-treated infants who bled, however, were also significantly larger and more mature than control infants who bled. The results of this study indicate no effect of phenobarbital on the incidence of subependymal-intraventricular hemorrhage, but a possible beneficial effect on the severity of hemorrhage.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Datacenter Consolidation Using Virtualization (2014)

The objectives of datacenter consolidation are cost reduction and superior services. A datacenter consolidation plan includes minimizing investments in IT infrastructure and buildings and reducing power consumption related to cooling. Such a process requires scalable planning and implementation. Virtualization is the most popular and cost-effective technology for datacenter consolidation. In this article, the author runs a cost-benefit analysis of virtualization and datacenter consolidation using the Global Virtual datacenter online calculator and VMware's ROI CO ((for) return on investment/total cost of ownership) calculator version 3.0.
Chemoselective Arylamidine Cyclizations:  Mild Formation of 2-Arylimidazole-4-carboxylic Acids (2005)

A versatile, one-pot synthesis of 2-arylimidazole-4-carboxylic acids from arylamidines and methyl-2-chloroacetoacetate is described. The transformation is chemoselective, and reaction conditions are mild. Moreover, the flexibility of the strategy offers rapid access to two important classes of biaryl compounds, both 2-arylimidazoles and 2-arylpyrimidines, depending simply upon solvent and base selection. [reaction: see text]
Interactions Between Nematophagous Fungi and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Attraction, Induction of Trap Formation and Capture (1980)

The behaviour of five plant-parasitic nematodes was compared with that of a bacteria-feeding nematode. The attraction of the plant-parasitic nematodes to thirteen nematophagous fungi was tested. The two plant-parasitic nematodes also known to be mycophagous were attracted to all fungi. In the other nematodes there was no distinct attraction pattern. The ability of different fungi to attract tended to increase with increasing dependence of the fungi on nematodes for nutrients. The rapidity with which the nematodes induced trap formation depended on their motility and on the concentration of nutrients in the culture medium. The ability of a nematode to induce trap formation was not correlated with feeding behaviour (bacteria-feeding, mycophagous or plant-parasitic). All nematodes were rapidly captured when traps were present.
Accurate Predictions of Genetic Circuit Behavior from Part Characterization and Modular Composition (2014)

A long-standing goal of synthetic biology is to rapidly engineer new regulatory circuits from simpler devices. As circuit complexity grows, it becomes increasingly important to guide design with quantitative models, but previous efforts have been hindered by lack of predictive accuracy. To address this, we developed Empirical Quantitative Incremental Prediction (EQuIP), a new method for accurate prediction of genetic regulatory network behavior from detailed characterizations of their components. In EQuIP, precisely calibrated time-series and dosage-response assays are used to construct hybrid phenotypic/mechanistic models of regulatory processes. This hybrid method ensures that model parameters match observable phenomena, using phenotypic formulation where current hypotheses about biological mechanisms do not agree closely with experimental observations. We demonstrate EQuIP's precision at predicting distributions of cell behaviors for six transcriptional cascades and three feed-forward circuits in mammalian cells. Our cascade predictions have only 1.6-fold mean error over a 261-fold mean range of fluorescence variation, owing primarily to calibrated measurements and piecewise-linear models. Predictions for three feed-forward circuits had a 2.0-fold mean error on a 333-fold mean range, further demonstrating that EQuIP can scale to more complex systems. Such accurate predictions will foster reliable forward engineering of complex biological circuits from libraries of standardized devices.
Prismless passively mode-locked femtosecond Cr:LiSGaF laser (1996)

A Kerr-lens mode-locked Cr:LiSrGaF laser containing no intracavity prisms has been demonstrated for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The laser produced stable near-transform-limited 44-fs pulses with an output power of 200 mW, tunable between 833 and 857 nm. Low-loss Gires-Tournois structured dielectric mirrors were used for dispersion control. The measured group-delay dispersion of the active medium as well as of the mirrors permitted to minimize the number of reflections, permitting higher output power.
Multi-label Classification using Labels as Hidden Nodes (2015)

Competitive methods for multi-label classification typically invest in learning labels together. To do so in a beneficial way, analysis of label dependence is often seen as a fundamental step, separate and prior to constructing a classifier. Some methods invest up to hundreds of times more computational effort in building dependency models, than training the final classifier itself. We extend some recent discussion in the literature and provide a deeper analysis, namely, developing the view that label dependence is often introduced by an inadequate base classifier, rather than being inherent to the data or underlying concept; showing how even an exhaustive analysis of label dependence may not lead to an optimal classification structure. Viewing labels as additional features (a transformation of the input), we create neural-network inspired novel methods that remove the emphasis of a prior dependency structure. Our methods have an important advantage particular to multi-label data: they leverage labels to create effective units in middle layers, rather than learning these units from scratch in an unsupervised fashion with gradient-based methods. Results are promising. The methods we propose perform competitively, and also have very important qualities of scalability.
A Compact, Dual-Polarized Multiband Array for 2G/3G/4G Base Stations (2019)

A compact, dual-polarized multiband array is proposed and developed for 2G/3G/4G base station applications. The antenna is formed by two-element lower band array, five-element higher band array, bowl-shaped reflectors, bended baffles, and rectangular baffles, which are coexisting over one reflector. Miniaturized higher band element covering 2G/3G/4G bands and new square-shaped aperture lower band element covering LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 have been proposed. The higher band elements are placed upon the bowl-shaped reflector and composed of two pairs of loop dipoles with chamfers and vertical stubs for miniaturization. The bowl-shaped reflector is of great significance to the stable beamwidth, while the rectangular and bended baffles are designed further to improve the beamwidth. Moreover, the five-element higher band array is designed with electric downtilt from 0° to 10°. The measured results determined by VSWR <;1.7 are with the whole broadband coverage from 0.698 to 0.96 and 1.7 to 2.7 GHz, which can cover the whole 2G/3G/4G bands. Furthermore, the stable half-power beamwidth of 65.9 ± 4.3° at the horizontal plane (H-plane) as well as stable gain and enhanced cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) are achieved within both higher and lower frequency bands.
Early Fire Detection for High Space Based on Video-Image Processing (2014)

In high space fire is one of the great threats for human security. The previous temperature-sensed and smoke-sensed method can't respond quickly to early fire, and the fire may not be detected immediately if it is far away from the sensors. Therefore, double band infrared vision-based fire detection is adopted to overcome the drawbacks of traditional detection equipments for high space. Firstly, a region partition algorithm is proposed, which improves the recognition efficiency. The flame features are extracted and normalized, and then a BP neural network model is established for recognition combined with image processing. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can distinguish fire effectively and improve the accuracy. In addition, the false alarms rate issued to traditional approach can be reduced drastically. This approach has short response time and strong robustness.
Gravel Pit Reservoirs — Colorado's Water Storage Solution (2006)

Gravel pit reservoirs emerged in the mid-1980s as a solution to water storage in the Front Range of Colorado. The stratigraphy within gravel pits in the Front Range generally consists of sand and gravel deposits covered by thin clayey sand overburden. Beneath the sand and gravel exists claystone bedrock. When the aggregates are mined to the claystone floor, a storage "bucket" is formed by simply sealing the gravel highwalls. The earliest lined pits consisted of below grade earthen slope liners founded on bedrock and extending upward to the original ground surface. Soil-bentonite slurry walls constructed around the perimeter of a gravel mine property were introduced in 1990 as a lining system. Slurry wall liner systems allowed an owner to claim storage in both surface water and groundwater present in the void space of gravel deposits inside the slurry wall. Additional developments occurred when above-grade dams were constructed around gravel pits. This resulted in the increase in the size of a specified project from 1,000 to 2,000 acre-feet (1.2 to 2.4 million m3) to 6,000+ acre-feet (7.4 million m3). As the population of the Colorado Front Range grows, economic water storage is becoming a greater challenge. Increased competition for reservoirs has caused miners to coordinate with water storage purchasers at the conception of mine investigation work. This paper presents the development of gravel pit reservoirs through the presentation of multiple case histories. Many successful projects and a handful of failures caused by geologic conditions and improper construction techniques are discussed.
Functional expression of cloned cDNA encoding the α‐subunit of adenylate cyclase‐stimulating G‐protein (1987)

Cloned cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of the adenylate cyclase-stimulating G-protein (Gs), carried by a simian virus 40 vector, has been introduced into the cyc- variant of S49 lymphoma cells by electroporation. In contrast to untransfected cys- cells, clones transformed with the cDNA exhibit an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration in response to a beta-adrenergic agonist.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Optical Isomers of 2-(4-Diphenylmethl-1-piperazinly)ethyl 5-(4,6-Dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate Dihydrochloride(NIP-101). (1992)

Six optical isomers of 2-(4-diphenylmethyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl 5-(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate dihydrochloride (NIP-101, 1.2HCl.2H2O), a potent calcium antagonist, were successfully prepared by using optically active (2R,4R)-(-)- and (2S,4S)-(+)-2,4-pentanediols, and cis-2,4-pentanediol and optically active (S)-(+)-2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol. Their proton nuclear magnetic resonance investigations demonstrate that the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane group is conformationally constrained around the C-P bond. Calcium-antagonistic and hypotensive activities of the optical isomers were examined and found to depend mainly on the absolute configuration at a stereogenic center in the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring rather than the configuration of the 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane moiety.
Utility of genetic and non-genetic risk factors in prediction of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study (2010)

The phenotype based risk models provided greater discrimination for type 2 diabetes than did models based on 20 common independently inherited diabetes risk alleles. The addition of genotypes to phenotype based risk models produced only minimal improvement in accuracy of risk estimation assessed by recalibration and, at best, a minor net reclassification improvement. The major translational application of the currently known common, small effect genetic variants influencing susceptibility to type 2 diabetes is likely to come from the insight they provide on causes of disease and potential therapeutic targets.
Gd Complexes of DO3A-(Biphenyl-2,2′-bisamides) Conjugates as MRI Blood-Pool Contrast Agents (2012)

We report the synthesis of DO3A derivatives of 2,2'-diaminobiphenyl (1a,b) and their Gd complexes of the type [Gd(1)(H2O)]·xH2O (2a,b) for use as new MRI blood-pool contrast agents (BPCAs) that provide strong and prolonged vascular enhancement. Pharmacokinetic inertness of 2 compares well with that of structurally related Dotarem, a DOTA-based MRI CA currently in use. The R 1 relaxivity in water reaches 7.3 mM(-1) s(-1), which is approximately twice as high as that of Dotarem (R 1 = 3.9 mM(-1) s(-1)). They show interaction with HSA to give association constants (K a) in the order of two (∼10(2)), revealing the existence of the blood-pool effect. The in vivo MR images of mice obtained with 2 are coherent, showing strong signal enhancement in both heart, abdominal aorta, and small vessels. Furthermore, the brain tumor is vividly enhanced for an extended period of time.
Oxford Textbook of Oncology (2002)

SECTION HEADINGS MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF CANCER AETIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND PREVENTION OF CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF CANCER TREATMENT COMPLICATIONS OF CANCER QUALITY OF LIFE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES ASSESSENT OF THE RESULTS OF CANCER TREATMENT MELANOMA AND SKIN CANCER HEAD AND NECK CANCER GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOURS BREAST CANCER GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER UROLOGICAL CANCER THORACIC TUMOURS LYMPHOID AND MYELOID DYSPLASIA, HISTIOCYTOSIS AND AIDS-RELATED MALIGNANCY BONE TUMOURS AND SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS PAEDIATRIC TUMOURS TUMOURS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE TUMOURS TUMOURS OF UNKNOWN PRIMARY SITE
Cyclosporin A and prednisolone do not inhibit the expression of high-affinity receptors for interleukin 2. (1988)

To elucidate the mechanisms of action of cyclosporin A (CyA) and prednisolone (pred), we investigated the effects of these immunosuppressive drugs on the expression of receptors for interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as the effect of exogenous IL-2 on CyA-inhibited and pred-inhibited responses. Pred-induced inhibition of T cell proliferative responses could be reversed by addition of exogenous IL-2. In contrast, exogenous IL-2 could not overcome CyA-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation. Receptors for IL-2, as measured by the expression of Tac antigen, were slightly decreased by CyA and pred. However, expression of the biologically active, high-affinity IL-2 receptors was not diminished. These data suggest that pred-mediated inhibition occurs at the level of the IL-2 system, whereas CyA affects the proliferative mechanism of the T cell itself.
Two-photon lidar technique for remote sensing of atomic oxygen (1979)

A technique is proposed for remote sensing of atomic oxygen by laser excitation of a two-photon transition. Excitation at 2256 A and subsequent fluorescence at 8447 A allow probing of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere without interference by absorption. The two-photon excitation rate is calculated, and its dependence on laser power, duration, and linewidth is discussed. Values are given for remote sensing from a spacecraft at 200 km ranging down to 80 km with 1-km range resolution. Accuracies of better than 10% are expected with a 1 J, a 20-psec excitation pulse, and a 1-m(2) collecting telescope.
Female Narrative as a Strategy in Maxing Hong Kingston’s and Amy Tan’s Fiction (2023)

Female narrative is a powerful strategy Chinese American female writers use to counteract male tradition. With women as the focus in their fiction, Maxine Hong Kingston and Amy Tan mix fables and popular stories as free and interchangeable narratives to represent Chinese American life and experience. Standing at the cross-point of two cultures, they use multiple narrative strategies to upgrade their personal or family experiences to the ethnic experience of Chinese Americans and explicate it as an embodiment of historical and cultural development. By using traditional and modern Chinese and Western narrative techniques, they present to readers the historical progression of the contradiction, conflict, and clash of the two entirely different cultures, thus imbuing their fiction with more profound cultural significance and artistic appeal.