gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of melt temperature on screw speed and size in extrusion (1989)

Abstract Melt temperature in an extrusion process can significantly influence production rate, product quality, and yield. However, prediction of melt temperature is extremely difficult because errors in the predictions of output rate, screw power, and heat transfer, which are used to calculate melt temperature, cumulatively cause a very large error in the prediction of melt temperature. This paper analyzed the overall energy balance of an extruder and developed a simple equation to predict the melt temperature of a projected extruder in scale‐up as a function of screw diameter, depth, and speed based on the experimental results of an experimental extruder and the polymeroperties. The predicted melt temperatures agreed reasonably with the measured values reported in a previous scale‐up study.
Implementation of multiple outpatient formularies: Undesirable effects* (1997)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997) 61, 1–7; doi:
Learning Concept Hierarchies from Text Corpora using Formal Concept Analysis (2005)

We present a novel approach to the automatic acquisition of taxonomies or concept hierarchies from a text corpus. The approach is based on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), a method mainly used for the analysis of data, i.e. for investigating and processing explicitly given information. We follow Harris' distributional hypothesis and model the context of a certain term as a vector representing syntactic dependencies which are automatically acquired from the text corpus with a linguistic parser. On the basis of this context information, FCA produces a lattice that we convert into a special kind of partial order constituting a concept hierarchy. The approach is evaluated by comparing the resulting concept hierarchies with hand-crafted taxonomies for two domains: tourism and finance. We also directly compare our approach with hierarchical agglomerative clustering as well as with Bi-Section-KMeans as an instance of a divisive clustering algorithm. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of using different measures weighting the contribution of each attribute as well as of applying a particular smoothing technique to cope with data sparseness.
Anti-inflammatory effects of a methanol extract from Pulsatilla koreana in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats (2012)

To investigate the therapeutic effect of a Korean herbal medicine Pulsatilla koreana as an anti-septic agent, anti-inflammatory effects of the herbal medicine were determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats. Treatment with a methanol extract from Pulsatilla koreana significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Results from ELISA analysis showed that Pulsatilla koreana decreased the plasma and hepatic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF-α while increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS-exposed rats. Pulsatilla koreana also decreased the plasma levels of other inflammatory mediators such as NO3 -/NO2 -, ICAM-1, PGE2, and CINC-1 in LPS-exposed rats. Although no significant effects were observed in the phagocytic activities, the distribution of lymphocyte population was significantly shifted by the treatment with Pulsatilla koreana. All together, Pulsatilla koreana exerts anti-inflammatory activities in the immune-challenged animals implicating that this Korean herbal medicine is therapeutically useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases like sepsis.
The optimum number of inserted known-bits in the rate matched turbo codes with known bits (2003)

The rate matched turbo codes were first proposed by DACOM Corp. for IMT-2000 in Korea. The main characteristic of the rate matched turbo codes with known bits is that some bits, which both encoder and decoder already know, are inserted in known positions between data before encoding and the inserted bits are deleted before transmitting. In those schemes, the number of inserted known-bits have an effect on the performance of system. In this paper, we derive the optimum number of inserted known-bits that result in the best performance for 64 kbit/s and 128 kbit/s data rates.
Albumin-coupled methotrexate (MTX-HSA) is a new anti-arthritic drug which acts synergistically to MTX (2004)

The data show that the effectiveness of MTX-HSA in CIA is superior to MTX and that both drugs act synergistically. In addition, albumin appears to be taken up by peripheral blood cells, suggesting that they might be one of the potential target cells of this novel anti-arthritic treatment approach.
Fermentative production of <scp>l</scp>‐glycerol 3‐phosphate utilizing a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strain with an engineered glycerol biosynthetic pathway (2008)

Abstract Interest in l ‐glycerol 3‐phosphate ( l ‐G3P) production via microbial fermentation is due to the compound's potential to replace the unstable substrate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in one‐pot enzymatic carbohydrate syntheses. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with deletions in both genes encoding specific l ‐G3Pases ( GPP1 and GPP2 ) and multicopy overexpression of l ‐glycerol 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase ( GPD1 ) was studied via small‐scale (100 mL) batch fermentations under quasi‐anaerobic conditions. Intracellular accumulation of l ‐G3P reached extremely high levels (roughly 200 mM) but thereafter declined. Extracellular l ‐G3P was also detected and its concentration continuously increased throughout the fermentation, such that most of the total l ‐G3P was found outside the cells as fermentation concluded. Moreover, in spite of the complete elimination of specific l ‐G3Pase activity, the strain showed considerable glycerol formation suggesting unspecific dephosphorylation as a mechanism to relieve cells of intracellular l ‐G3P accumulation. Up‐scaling the process employed fed‐batch fermentation with repeated glucose feeding, plus an aerobic growth phase followed by an anaerobic product accumulation phase. This produced a final product titer of about 325 mg total l ‐G3P per liter of fermentation broth. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 497–505. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 300-MHz BiCMOS serial data transceiver (1994)

A BiCMOS circuit for serial data communication is presented. The chip has phase-locked loops for transmit frequency synthesis and receive clock recovery, serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial converters, and encode and decode functions. Since this is a mixed-analog/digital design, and the transmitter and receiver operate asynchronously, many techniques are used to decrease noise coupling. A 1.2 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process allows operation at speeds of 300 MHz along with this high level of system integration, and the chip consumes less than 1 W from a single 5 V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Security and inference in multilevel database and knowledge-base systems (1987)

This paper addresses the threat to multilevel security that arises from logical inference and the semantics of the application. Such compromises of security are particularly challenging since they circumvent traditional security mechanisms and rely on a user's knowledge of the application. The problems of inference and security have heretofore been amorphous and difficult to circumscribe. We focus on these problems in the context of a multilevel database system and show their relevance to knowledge-based systems, sometimes referred to as expert systems. Here we establish a framework for studying these inference control problems, describe a representation for relevant semantics of the application, develop criteria for safety and security of a system to prevent these problems, and outline algorithms for enforcing these criteria.
Effects of Anesthesia and Species on the Uptake or Binding of Radioligands In Vivo in the Göttingen Minipig (2013)

Progress in neuroscience research often involves animals, as no adequate alternatives exist to animal models of living systems. However, both the physiological characteristics of the species used and the effects of anesthesia raise questions of common concern. Here, we demonstrate the confounding influences of these effects on tracer binding in positron emission tomography (PET). We determined the effects of two routinely used anesthetics (isoflurane and propofol) on the binding of two tracers of monoamine function, [(11)C]SCH23390, a tracer of the dopamine D1 and D5 receptors, and the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, [(11)C]yohimbine, in Göttingen minipigs. The kinetics of SCH23390 in the pigs differed from those of our earlier studies in primates. With two different graphical analyses of uptake of SCH23390, the initial clearance values of this tracer were higher with isoflurane than with propofol anesthesia, indicative of differences in blood flow, whereas no significant differences were observed for the volumes of distribution of yohimbine. The study underscores the importance of differences of anesthesia and species when the properties of radioligands are evaluated under different circumstances that may affect blood flow and tracer uptake. These differences must be considered in the choice of a particular animal species and mode of anesthesia for a particular application.
The effect of short-term and long-term femoral artery ligation on rat calf muscle oxygen tension, blood flow, metabolism and function. (1988)

The effect of short-term (1 day-1 week) and long-term (6-12 weeks) femoral artery ligation on the oxygen tension (pO2), blood flow, metabolism and function of rat gastrocnemius muscle has been examined. Femoral artery ligation reduced resting blood flow, pO2 and pH. Concomitantly, the concentration of high energy phosphates was reduced and the muscle lactate concentration increased. The fatigue developed by the gastrocnemius/plantaris muscle, during a 10 min period of isometric exercise, was increased and the associated hyperaemia was attenuated. The surgery, performed to ligate the artery, induced an increase in the plasma fibrinogen concentration and whole blood viscosity. As the time interval increased after the femoral artery ligation there was a progressive reduction of the magnitude of the effects. Ten weeks after ligation resting muscle concentrations of high energy phosphates and lactate, whole blood viscosity and muscle pH had normalized. However, resting muscle blood flow, pO2, ability to sustained isometric exercise and the exercise induced hyperaemia were still reduced compared to intact animals. Comparison with literature data reveals that the changes produced by chronic femoral artery ligation in rat calf muscle mimic those seen in man with intermittent claudication.
Bridgehead radicals (1992)

J. C. Walton, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1992, 21, 105 DOI: 10.1039/CS9922100105
Characterization and Applications of Antibodies Produced in Plants (1993)

Of the variety of compounds expressed in transgenic plants, antibodies offer probably the widest range of applications. The antibodies appear to possess all of the functional characteristics of antibody derived from hybridoma cells, although further study will be required to determine the effect of the difference in heavy chain glycosylation. More work will also be directed toward the assembly, accumulation, stability and secretion of plant antibodies. The effect of the signal sequence on the expression and assembly of antibodies has been shown and further methods of optimizing transgenic protein accumulation in plants almost certainly exist. Plant antibody technology is still in its infancy. However, it offers enormous potential in "mix-and-match" antibody engineering, and the construction of multimeric immunoglobulin complexes may be feasible relatively easily, for the first time. Furthermore, as there is an enduring interest in using antibodies for therapeutic purposes, agricultural production and distribution offers a means of obtaining large quantities of antibodies at a relatively low cost.
Privacy as a Service: Privacy-Aware Data Storage and Processing in Cloud Computing Architectures (2009)

In this paper we present PasS (privacy as a service); a set of security protocols for ensuring the privacy and legal compliance of customer data in cloud computing architectures. PasS allows for the secure storage and processing of users' confidential data by leveraging the tamper-proof capabilities of cryptographic coprocessors. Using tamper-proof facilities provides a secure execution domain in the computing cloud that is physically and logically protected from unauthorized access. PasS central design goal is to maximize users' control in managing the various aspects related to the privacy of sensitive data. This is achieved by implementing user-configurable software protection and data privacy mechanisms. Moreover, PasS provides a privacy feedback process which informs users of the different privacy operations applied on their data and makes them aware of any potential risks that may jeopardize the confidentiality of their sensitive information. To the best of our knowledge, PasS is the first practical cloud computing privacy solution that utilizes previous research on cryptographic coprocessors to solve the problem of securely processing sensitive data in cloud computing infrastructures.
Health status and lifestyle factors as predictors of depression in middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults: a seven-year follow-up of the Komo-Ise cohort study (2011)

These results suggest that lifestyle and health status are risk factors for depression. Having a chronic disease and physical inactivity were distinctive risk factors for depression in men. On the other hand, poor perceived health and a BMI of 25 or more were distinctive risk factors for depression in women. Preventive measures for depression must therefore take gender into account.
Human Peripheral Blood Eosinophils Express a Functional c-<i>kit</i> Receptor for Stem Cell Factor that Stimulates Very Late Antigen 4 (VLA-4)–mediated Cell Adhesion to Fibronectin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (1997)

We evaluated mature peripheral blood eosinophils for their expression of the surface tyrosine kinase, c-kit, the receptor for the stromal cell-derived cytokine, stem cell factor (SCF). Cytofluorographic analysis revealed that c-kit was expressed on the purified peripheral blood eosinophils from 8 of 8 donors (4 nonatopic and 4 atopic) (mean channel fluorescence intensity 2.0- 3. 6-fold, average 2.8 +/- 0.6-fold, greater than the negative control). The uniform and selective expression of c-kit by eosinophils was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of peripheral blood buffy coats. The functional integrity of c-kit was demonstrated by the capacity of 100 ng/ml (5 nM) of recombinant human (rh) SCF to increase eosinophil adhesion to 3, 10, and 30 microg/ml of immobilized FN40, a 40-kD chymotryptic fragment of plasma fibronectin, in 15 min by 7.7 +/- 1.4-, 5.3 +/- 3.3-, and 5.4 +/- 0. 2-fold, respectively, and their adhesion to 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/ml vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), by 12.7 +/- 9. 2-, 3.8 +/- 2.5-, and 1.7 +/- 0.6-fold, respectively. The SCF-stimulated adhesion occurred without concomitant changes in surface integrin expression, thereby indicating an avidity-based mechanism. rhSCF (100 ng/ml, 5 nM) was comparable to rh eotaxin (200 ng/ml, 24 nM) in stimulating adhesion. Cell adhesion to FN40 was completely inhibited with antibodies against the alpha4 and beta1 integrin subunits, revealing that the SCF/c-kit adhesion effect was mediated by a single integrin heterodimer, very late antigen 4 (VLA-4). Thus, SCF represents a newly recognized stromal ligand for the activation of eosinophils for VLA-4-mediated adhesion, which could contribute to the exit of these cells from the blood, their tissue localization, and their prominence in inflammatory lesions.
Classification on Manifolds (2019)

This dissertation studies classification on smooth manifolds and the behavior of High Dimensional Low Sample Size (HDLSS) data as the dimension increases. In modern image analysis, statistical shape analysis plays an important role in understanding several diseases. One of the ways to represent three dimensional shapes is the medial representation, the parameters of which lie on a smooth manifold, and not in the usual d-dimensional Euclidean space. Existing classification methods like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Distance Weighted Discrimination (DWD) do not naturally handle data lying on manifolds. We present a general framework of classification for data lying on manifolds and then extend SVM and DWD as special cases. The approach adopted here is to find control points on the manifold which represent the different classes of data and then define the classifier as a function of the distances (geodesic distances on the manifold) of individual points from the control points. Next, using a deterministic behavior of Euclidean HDLSS data, we show that the generalized version of SVM behaves asymptotically like the Mean Difference method as the dimension increases. Lastly, we consider the manifold (S2)d, and show that under some conditions, data lying on such a manifold has a deterministic geometric structure similar to Euclidean HDLSS data, as the dimension (number of components d in (S2)d) increases. Then we show that the generalized version of SVM behaves like the Geodesic Mean Difference (extension of the Mean Difference method to manifold data) under the deterministic geometric structure.
R proteins as fundamentals of plant innate immunity (2010)

Plants are attacked by a wide spectrum of pathogens, being the targets of viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes and insects. Over the course of their evolution, plants have developed numerous defense mechanisms including the chemical and physical barriers that are constitutive elements of plant cell responses locally and/or systemically. However, the modern approach in plant sciences focuses on the evolution and role of plant protein receptors corresponding to specific pathogen effectors. The recognition of an invader's molecules could be in most cases a prerequisite sine qua non for plant survival. Although the predicted three-dimensional structure of plant resistance proteins (R) is based on research on their animal homologs, advanced technologies in molecular biology and bioinformatics tools enable the investigation or prediction of interaction mechanisms for specific receptors with pathogen effectors. Most of the identified R proteins belong to the NBS-LRR family. The presence of other domains (including the TIR domain) apart from NBS and LRR is fundamental for the classification of R proteins into subclasses. Recently discovered additional domains (e.g. WRKY) of R proteins allowed the examination of their localization in plant cells and the role they play in signal transduction during the plant resistance response to biotic stress factors. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge about the NBS-LRR family of plant R proteins: their structure, function and evolution, and the role they play in plant innate immunity.
A Novel, Synthetic, Neuroactive Steroid Is Effective at Decreasing Depression-Like Behaviors and Improving Maternal Care in Preclinical Models of Postpartum Depression (2018)

Preclinical testing of treatments for postpartum depression (PPD) has been limited due to the lack of available animal models of such a complex disorder. To address this limitation, our laboratory has generated unique preclinical mouse models that exhibit abnormal postpartum behaviors. Mice with a loss or reduction in the expression of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) δ subunit (<i>Gabrd</i> <sup>-/-</sup> or <i>Gabrd</i> <sup>+/-</sup>, respectively) and mice that lack the K<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup> co-transporter, KCC2, specifically in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons (KCC2/Crh mice) exhibit depression-like behaviors restricted to the postpartum period and deficits in maternal care, which serve as useful tools for testing novel therapeutic compounds. Utilizing these preclinical models, we tested the ability of a novel, synthetic, neuroactive steroid developed by SAGE Therapeutics, SGE-516, to improve abnormal postpartum behaviors. <i>Gabrd</i> <sup>-/-</sup>, <i>Gabrd</i> <sup>+/-</sup>, and KCC2/Crh dams treated with SGE-516 (450 mg/kg chow) during late pregnancy exhibit a decrease in depression-like behaviors and improvements in maternal care at 48 h postpartum. Interestingly, acute treatment with SGE-516 also exhibits robust therapeutic effects in these preclinical PPD models. We previously discovered abnormal stress reactivity associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation associated with depression-like behaviors in the preclinical PPD models, evident from an increase in stress-induced corticosterone levels and dephosphorylation and downregulation of KCC2 in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) during the peripartum period. Here we demonstrated that SGE-516 treatment is sufficient to prevent the stress-induced increase in corticosterone and dephosphorylation and downregulation of KCC2 in the PVN. In contrast, and consistent with the distinct pharmacology of SGE-516 compared to benzodiazepines, treatment with clobazam (250 mg/kg chow) did not alter the depression-like phenotype or deficits in maternal care observed in these preclinical models of PPD. These findings are consistent with the positive double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial findings of a similar compound, brexanolone, in the treatment of patients with postpartum depression. Further, these findings validate the use of these preclinical models of PPD for screening novel compounds for the treatment of postpartum depression.
cDNA‐AFLP analysis unravels a genome‐wide <i>hrpG</i>‐regulon in the plant pathogen <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>vesicatoria</i> (2001)

The Hrp type III protein secretion system is essential for pathogenicity of the Gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Expression of the hrp gene cluster is controlled by HrpG, a two-component response regulator, and HrpX, an AraC-type transcriptional activator. Using the cDNA-AFLP technique, 30 hrpG-induced (hgi) and five hrpG-repressed (hgr) cDNA fragments were identified, defining a large hrpG-regulon in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. Expression of most genes in the hrpG-regulon was dependent on hrpX. Seven cDNA fragments map to the known hrp gene cluster and flanking regions. All other genes appear to be scattered over the chromosome and endogenous plasmids. Sequence analysis identified genes encoding putative extracellular proteases, a putative transcriptional regulator and XopJ and XopB (Xanthomonas outer proteins), homologues of YopJ from Yersinia spp. and the avirulence protein AvrPphD of Pseudomonas syringae respectively. XopB is secreted by the Hrp type III secretion system. Analysis of deletion mutants in several hgi genes revealed a new virulence locus. This study demonstrates that cDNA-AFLP is a powerful tool to study prokaryotic transcriptomes and to identify genes contributing to Xanthomonas virulence and putative effector proteins.
Multi-payment Solution for Smartlet Applications (2015)

Organizations from different fields show more and more interest towards an effective solution, which would allow integrating and combining services and products from different providers into the single mobile or smartcard application for easy and comfortable usage by clients. For reaching these demands the need for certain service emerges, which would allow transformation of developer's knowledge to the technological solution in a form of application. We propose to solve these issues with smartlets, role distribution and integrated payment pool for business services. Proposed integrated payment pool was used to design Norvik Bank A-card product in Latvia where multiple payment applications were integrated into single smartcard.