gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated overcurrent protection for class D power stages (2004)

Integrated audio power amplifiers are expected to be robust against short circuits between the output and supply terminals. Naturally this also applies to class D amplifiers. The design of an accurate overcurrent protection is complicated by the continuous switching of the power transistors in class D power stages. In this paper a fully integrated overcurrent protection is presented suitable for application in integrated class D power amplifiers.
Increase of chemokine levels in sputum precedes exacerbation of acute asthma attacks (1996)

Basophils and eosinophils can be activated in vitro by several chemokines such as RANTES, monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF/MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory peptide-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). To explore the clinical relevance of the in vitro observations, we measured here the concentrations of these chemokines in sputa from asthmatic patients during acute attacks. Before the onset of a late-phase exacerbation, sputum MCAF/MCP-1, MIP-1 alpha, and IL-8 levels transiently but markedly increased from the basal levels in all of the patients with exacerbation, whereas the sputum levels of these chemokines remained unchanged during the course in the patients without a late-phase exacerbation. These results suggest the involvement of these chemokines in the late-phase exacerbation of asthma.
Thirty years of density functional theory in computational chemistry: an overview and extensive assessment of 200 density functionals (2017)

In the past 30 years, Kohn–Sham density functional theory has emerged as the most popular electronic structure method in computational chemistry. To assess the ever-increasing number of approximate exchange-correlation functionals, this review benchmarks a total of 200 density functionals on a molecular database (MGCDB84) of nearly 5000 data points. The database employed, provided as Supplemental Data, is comprised of 84 data-sets and contains non-covalent interactions, isomerisation energies, thermochemistry, and barrier heights. In addition, the evolution of nonempirical and semi-empirical density functional design is reviewed, and guidelines are provided for the proper and effective use of density functionals. The most promising functional considered is ωB97M-V, a range-separated hybrid meta-GGA with VV10 nonlocal correlation, designed using a combinatorial approach. From the local GGAs, B97-D3, revPBE-D3, and BLYP-D3 are recommended, while from the local meta-GGAs, B97M-rV is the leading choice, followed by MS1-D3 and M06-LD3. The best hybrid GGAs are ωB97X-V, ωB97X-D3, and ωB97X-D, while useful hybrid meta-GGAs (besides ωB97M-V) include ωM05-D, M06-2X-D3, and MN15. Ultimately, today’s state-of-the-art functionals are close to achieving the level of accuracy desired for a broad range of chemical applications, and the principal remaining limitations are associated with systems that exhibit significant self-interaction/delocalisation errors and/or strong correlation effects.
Toward a new video compression scheme using super-resolution (2006)

The term <i>super-resolution</i> is typically used in the literature to describe the process of obtaining a high resolution (HR) image or a sequence of HR images from a set of low resolution (LR) observations. This term has been applied primarily to spatial and temporal resolution enhancement. However, intentional pre-processing and downsampling can be applied during encoding and super-resolution techniques to upsample the image can be applied during decoding when video compression is the main objective. In this paper we consider the following three video compression models. The first one simply compresses the sequence using any of the available standard compression methods, the second one pre-processes (without downsampling) the image sequence before compression, so that post-processing (without upsampling) is applied to the compressed sequence. The third model includes downsampling in the pre-processing stage and the application of a super resolution technique during decoding. In this paper we describe these three models but concentrate on the application of super-resolution techniques as a way to post-process and upsample a compressed video sequences. Experimental results are provided on a wide range of bitrates for two very important applications: format conversion between different platforms and scalable video coding.
Scapinin, the Protein Phosphatase 1 Binding Protein, Enhances Cell Spreading and Motility by Interacting with the Actin Cytoskeleton (2009)

Scapinin, also named phactr3, is an actin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) binding protein, which is expressed in the adult brain and some tumor cells. At present, the role(s) of scapinin in the brain and tumors are poorly understood. We show that the RPEL-repeat domain of scapinin, which is responsible for its direct interaction with actin, inhibits actin polymerization in vitro. Next, we established a Hela cell line, where scapinin expression was induced by tetracycline. In these cells, expression of scapinin stimulated cell spreading and motility. Scapinin was colocalized with actin at the edge of spreading cells. To explore the roles of the RPEL-repeat and PP1-binding domains, we expressed wild-type and mutant scapinins as fusion proteins with green fluorescence protein (GFP) in Cos7 cells. Expression of GFP-scapinin (wild type) also stimulated cell spreading, but mutation in the RPEL-repeat domain abolished both the actin binding and the cell spreading activity. PP1-binding deficient mutants strongly induced cell retraction. Long and branched cytoplasmic processes were developed during the cell retraction. These results suggest that scapinin enhances cell spreading and motility through direct interaction with actin and that PP1 plays a regulatory role in scapinin-induced morphological changes.
Building a portable file system for heterogeneous clusters (2005)

Existing in-kernel distributed file systems cannot cope with the higher requirements in wellequipped cluster environments, especially when the system becomes larger and inevitably heterogeneous. TH-CluFS is a cluster file system designed for large heterogeneous systems. TH-CluFS is implemented completely in the user space by emulating the network file system (N FS) V2 server, and is easily portable to other portable operating system interface (POSIX)-compliant platforms with application programming/binary interface API/ABI compliance. In addition, TH-CluFS uses a serverless architecture which flexibly distributes data at file granularity and achieves a consistent file system view from distributed metadata. The global cache makes full use of the aggregated memories and disks in the cluster to optimize system performance. Experimental results suggest that although TH-CluFS is implemented as user-level components, it functions as a portable, single system image, and scalable cluster file system with acceptable performance sacrifices.
New Indocyanine Derivatives for the Synthesis of Fluorescently Labeled Oligonucleotides (2008)

New sulfonated Cy3 and Cy5 phosphoramidites and solid supports were synthesized. These building blocks were used in the synthesis of terminally or internally labeled oligodeoxynucleotides. Mild deprotection schemes were applied to the sulfocyanine-labeled oligonucleotides.
Gas purification using membrane gas absorption processes (2003)

Owing to the increasing energy demand and the abundance of low quality natural gas reservoirs containing high percentages of CO2, considerable attention is given to the bulk removal of CO2 and upgrading of low quality natural gas. The main goal in doing so is to increase the heating value of natural gas and to reduce the transportation cost.
Dissecting the role of the Golgi complex and lipid rafts in biosynthetic transport of cholesterol to the cell surface (2000)

In this study, we compared the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol with that of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. The arrival of cholesterol on the cell surface was monitored by cyclodextrin removal, and HA transport was monitored by surface trypsinization and endoglycosidase H digestion. We found that disassembly of the Golgi complex by brefeldin A treatment resulted in partial inhibition of cholesterol transport while completely blocking HA transport. Further, microtubule depolymerization by nocodazole inhibited cholesterol and HA transport to a similar extent. When the partitioning of cholesterol into lipid rafts was analyzed, we found that newly synthesized cholesterol began to associate with low-density detergent-resistant membranes rapidly after synthesis, before it was detectable on the cell surface, and its raft association increased further upon chasing. When cholesterol transport was blocked by using 15 degrees C incubation, the association of newly synthesized cholesterol with low-density detergent-insoluble membranes was decreased and cholesterol accumulated in a fraction with intermediate density. Our results provide evidence for the partial contribution of the Golgi complex to the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol to the cell surface and suggest that detergent-resistant membranes are involved in the process.
Cocrystals of Fenamic Acids with Nicotinamide (2011)

Cocrystal formation between nicotinamide and five fenamic acid derivative drugs (flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid, mefenamic acid and meclofenamic acid) was investigated using solution-based and solid-state preparation methods. It was anticipated that the well-known acid–aromatic nitrogen heterosynthon would provide a sufficient driving force for cocrystallization. The experiments yielded cocrystals with four of the five acids. Although the structures of these molecules are similar, they showed marked differences in both the stability and the stoichiometry of the cocrystals. A detailed analysis of the structures and properties of both the starting materials and the cocrystals allows a tentative explanation of these differences, but it also shows that even though all four cocrystals utilize one of the most predictable supramolecular synthons (COOH···N), their structures and properties remain elusive to design.
Effect of genotype on cooking and texture of corn for tortilla production (1980)

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Self-healing metallo-supramolecular polymers from a ligand macromolecule synthesized via copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition and thiol–ene double “click” reactions (2013)

In this study, we develop a series of new materials that can simultaneously and reversibly self-heal without external stimuli based on metallo-supramolecular interactions. Multiple tridentate 2,6-bis(1,2,3-trizaol-4-yl)pyridine (BTP) ligand units synthesized via a copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” reaction are incorporated into the polymer backbone of a ligand macromolecule through a thiol–ene “click” reaction. 3D transient supramolecular networks are formed from the ligand macromolecule upon coordination with transition and/or lanthanide metal ions. As compared to the ligand macromolecule, the resultant supramolecular films exhibit improved mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, strength and toughness, which can be readily tuned by the stoichiometric ratio of Zn2+ to Eu3+ to Tb3+. The supramolecular films exhibit characteristics of weakly crosslinked networks where the storage modulus G′ and loss modulus G′′ scaled with normalized frequency ωaT by the same slope of 0.5. Both the supramolecular bulk films and gels are found to exhibit fast and effective self-healing properties by virtue of the kinetically labile nature of the metal–ligand interactions.
Adaptive Stable PID Controller with Parallel Feedforward Compensator (2006)

In this paper, a new design method of adaptive PID controller is proposed. The method utilizes the plant characteristics called almost strict positive realness (ASPR) so that the stability of the adaptive PID control system is always guaranteed. The design scheme is derived for the design of adaptive tracking PID control system. Here it is also proposed a new design procedure of the parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) which actually guarantees the ASPRness of the controlled plant. The result is examined by applying it to the design of the first order with time delay process system. The effectiveness of the method is examined through simulations and experiments using thermal pilot plant
Automated Real-Time Pavement Crack Detection and Classification (2007)

This Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project was aimed at refining and field testing a computer vision technique using multiple cameras for automated condition survey of highway pavements. Work in the initial stage involved components acquisition, evaluation and integration into the automated pavement survey system. A new vehicle for collecting digital highway data was procured and four cameras were mounted in the rear of the vehicle to collect pavement surface images across a 4-m wide pavement. However, calibration work to correct camera distortion for 3-D surface reconstruction showed the inadequacy of the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method for the purpose and further work indicated that the Tsai method provided better accuracy than the DLT method. The space relationship between the two cameras also affected the calibration accuracy. While efforts were directed at improving the accuracy by adjusting each camera's angle and the space between the cameras, the research team also experimented with a new laser-based illumination imaging system for image capture and developed an automated algorithm for surveying pavement cracking with promising results. The system allows image acquisition without the influence of sunlight or shadows providing a 1-mm resolution of both longitudinal and transverse cracks at speeds up to 60 mph. However, with the line-scan camera, the stereovision technology is not directly applicable and additional work is needed to establish the 1-mm level resolution of 3-D pavement surface models with multiple laser imaging devices.
Solution Structure of a DNA Complex with the Fluorescent Bis-Intercalator TOTO Modified on the Benzothiazole Ring (1998)

We have used two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine the solution structure of the DNA oligonucleotide d(5'-CGCTAGCG-3')2 complexed with the bis-intercalating dye 1,1'-(4,4,8,8-tetramethyl-4, 8-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-[3-ethyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1, 3-thiazolyl)-2-methylidene]quinolinium tetraiodide (TOTOEt). The determination of the structure was based on a total relaxation matrix analysis of the NOESY cross-peak intensities. DQF-COSY spectra were used to obtain coupling constants for the deoxyribose ring protons. The coupling constants were transformed into angle estimates. The NOE-derived distance and dihedral restraints were applied in restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Twenty final structures each were generated for the TOTOEt complex from both A-form and B-form double-stranded (ds) DNA starting structures, giving a total of 40 final structures. Since many NOE contacts were observed between TOTOEt and dsDNA, the resulting structure has a fairly high resolution and allows determination of local features in the dsDNA structure after TOTOEt binding. The root-mean-square (rms) deviation of the coordinates for the 40 structures of the complex was 0.52 A. The local DNA structure is distorted in the complex. The helix is unwound by 80 degrees and has an overall helical repeat of 12 base pairs, caused by bis-intercalation of TOTOEt. The benzothiazole ring system is twisted relative to the quinoline in the uncomplexed TOTOEt molecule. The site selectivity of TOTOEt for the CTAG.CTAG site is explained by its ability to adapt to the base pair propeller twist of dsDNA to optimize stacking and the hydrophobic interaction between the thymidine methyl group and the benzothiazole ring. The polypropylene amine linker chain is located in the minor groove of dsDNA. The N-ethyl group on the benzothiazole of TOTOEt is placed in the major groove pointing toward the center of the oligonucleotide and the dyad symmetry axis of the complex. This orientation seems to make it feasible to create a TOTO analogue with a linker connecting the two chromophores in the major groove. The design of such an analogue and a macrocyclic analogue with a linker in both the major groove and the minor groove seems to be straightforward.
Chronic exposure to retroviral vector encoded MGDF (mpl-ligand) induces lineage-specific growth and differentiation of megakaryocytes in mice (1995)

Megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) has recently been identified as a ligand for the c-mpl receptor. Using retroviral-mediated gene transfer, MGDF has been overexpressed in mice to evaluate the systematic effects due to chronic exposure to this growth factor. MGDF overexpressing mice had more rapid platelet recovery than control mice after transplantation. Following this recovery, the platelet levels continued increasing to fourfold to eightfold above normal baseline levels and remained elevated (five-fold above control mice) in these animals, which are alive and well at more than 4 months posttransplantation. Increased megakaryocyte numbers were detected in a number of organs in these mice including bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Prolonged overexpression of MGDF led to decreased marrow hematopoiesis, especially erythropoiesis, with a shift to extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and liver. All the MGDF overexpressing mice analyzed to date developed myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis, possibly induced by megakaryocyte and platelet produced cytokines. No significant effect on other hematopoietic lineages was seen in the MGDF overexpressing mice, showing that the stimulatory effect of MGDF in vivo is restricted to the megakaryocyte lineage.
Epitaxial growth of a monolayer WSe <sub>2</sub> -MoS <sub>2</sub> lateral p-n junction with an atomically sharp interface (2015)

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum sulfide MoS2 and tungsten sulfide WSe2 have potential applications in electronics because they exhibit high on-off current ratios and distinctive electro-optical properties. Spatially connected TMDC lateral heterojunctions are key components for constructing monolayer p-n rectifying diodes, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and bipolar junction transistors. However, such structures are not readily prepared via the layer-stacking techniques, and direct growth favors the thermodynamically preferred TMDC alloys. We report the two-step epitaxial growth of lateral WSe2-MoS2 heterojunction, where the edge of WSe2 induces the epitaxial MoS2 growth despite a large lattice mismatch. The epitaxial growth process offers a controllable method to obtain lateral heterojunction with an atomically sharp interface.
Robust Radar Emitter Recognition Based on the Three-Dimensional Distribution Feature and Transfer Learning (2016)

Due to the increasing complexity of electromagnetic signals, there exists a significant challenge for radar emitter signal recognition. To address this challenge, multi-component radar emitter recognition under a complicated noise environment is studied in this paper. A novel radar emitter recognition approach based on the three-dimensional distribution feature and transfer learning is proposed. The cubic feature for the time-frequency-energy distribution is proposed to describe the intra-pulse modulation information of radar emitters. Furthermore, the feature is reconstructed by using transfer learning in order to obtain the robust feature against signal noise rate (SNR) variation. Last, but not the least, the relevance vector machine is used to classify radar emitter signals. Simulations demonstrate that the approach proposed in this paper has better performances in accuracy and robustness than existing approaches.
Validation of deformable registration in head and neck cancer using analysis of variance (2012)

The PWD-ANOVA method accounts for human observer variation allowing a better estimation of the of DIR errors.
Vascular Immunotargeting to Endothelial Determinant ICAM-1 Enables Optimal Partnering of Recombinant scFv-Thrombomodulin Fusion with Endogenous Cofactor (2013)

The use of targeted therapeutics to replenish pathologically deficient proteins on the luminal endothelial membrane has the potential to revolutionize emergency and cardiovascular medicine. Untargeted recombinant proteins, like activated protein C (APC) and thrombomodulin (TM), have demonstrated beneficial effects in acute vascular disorders, but have failed to have a major impact on clinical care. We recently reported that TM fused with an scFv antibody fragment to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) exerts therapeutic effects superior to untargeted TM. PECAM-1 is localized to cell-cell junctions, however, whereas the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), the key co-factor of TM/APC, is exposed in the apical membrane. Here we tested whether anchoring TM to the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) favors scFv/TM collaboration with EPCR. Indeed: i) endothelial targeting scFv/TM to ICAM-1 provides ~15-fold greater activation of protein C than its PECAM-targeted counterpart; ii) blocking EPCR reduces protein C activation by scFv/TM anchored to endothelial ICAM-1, but not PECAM-1; and iii) anti-ICAM scFv/TM fusion provides more profound anti-inflammatory effects than anti-PECAM scFv/TM in a mouse model of acute lung injury. These findings, obtained using new translational constructs, emphasize the importance of targeting protein therapeutics to the proper surface determinant, in order to optimize their microenvironment and beneficial effects.