gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Yield Preparation of ZnO Nanoparticles on Exfoliated Graphite as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries and the Effect of Particle Size as well as of Conductivity on the Electrochemical Performance of Such Composites (2018)

The combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NP) and graphite provides a promising approach for applications in the field of anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Here, we report a facile and environmentally friendly method yielding uniformly dispersed ZnO particles with a controllable particle size between 5 and 80 nm, supported by exfoliated graphite (EG) sheets. A thermal post-treatment (420 to 800 °C, N2) of ZnO@EG composite results in high yield with the opportunity for industrial scale-up. The post-treatment leads to growing ZnO particles on the EG sheets, while oxygen is disincorporated from ZnO by the associated carbothermal reduction of ZnO@EG composites above 600 °C and the conductivity is increased. ZnO@EG composite anodes, reduced at 600 °C, show improved Li storage capacity (+25%) and good cycle stability, compared to the EG anode. This can be attributed to the increased conductivity, despite the particle size increased up to 80 nm. Furthermore, we suggest that the mechanism for the reaction of Li+ ions with ZnO@EG-composites including ZnO-particles with an average particle size below 20 nm differs from the classical Li+ ions insertion/de-insertion or alloying process.
DADO: A Tree-Structured Machine Architecture for Production Systems (1982)

DAOO (Stolfo and Shaw, 1981) is a parallel, tree-structured machine designed to provide highly significant performance improvements in the execution of production systems. A production system (Newell, 1973; Davis and King 1975; Rychener, 1976) is defined by a set of rules, or productions, which form the production memory (PM), together with a database of assertions, called the working menory (WM). Each production consists of a conjunction of pattern elements, called the left-hand side (LHS) of the rule, along with a set of actions called the right-hand side (RHS). The RHS specifies information which is to be added to (asserted) or removed from WM when the LHS successfully matches against the contents of WM. In this paper, we describe a tree-structured machine architecture that utilizes the emerging technology of VLSI systems in support of the highly efficient parallel execution of large-scale production systans. Portions of the machine, which we have come to call DADO, are now in the early stages of construction at Columbia University. We believe a full-scale DADO prototype, capable of significant performance improvements over implementations based on von Neumann Machines, to be technically and economically feasible for implementation using current technology.
New conformable mica paper tapes (1979)

A very flexible, highly conformable tape has been developed from a B-staged hydrocarbon elastomer and mica paper. It cures to a tough, rubbery insulation, which has excellent electrical properties and high heat resistance. This new tape is sealable and therefore should have broad application in electrical insulation, especially in stringent applications.
Mode-locked Microresonator Combs in the Normal Dispersion Region (2015)

We investigate mode interaction aided modulational instability and dark solitons in normal-dispersion microresonators. A novel scheme of controllable mode interactions is demonstrated for repetition rate selectable and mode-locked comb generation.
Chirped-pulse terahertz spectroscopy for broadband trace gas sensing (2011)

We report the first demonstration of a broadband trace gas sensor based on chirp-pulse terahertz spectroscopy. The advent of newly developed solid state sources and sensitive heterodyne detectors for the terahertz frequency range have made it possible to generate and detect precise arbitrary waveforms at THz frequencies with ultra-low phase noise. In order to maximize sensitivity, the sample gas is first polarized using sub-μs chirped THz pulses and the free inductive decays (FIDs) are then detected using a heterodyne receiver. This approach allows for a rapid broadband multi-component sensing with low parts in 10(9) (ppb) sensitivities and spectral frequency accuracy of <20 kHz in real-time. Such a system can be configured into a portable, easy to use, and relatively inexpensive sensing platform.
VWF73, a region from D1596 to R1668 of von Willebrand factor, provides a minimal substrate for ADAMTS-13 (2003)

ADAMTS-13 was recently identified as a new hemostatic factor, von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease. Either congenital or acquired defects of the enzymatic activity lead to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). ADAMTS-13 specifically cleaves a peptidyl bond between Y1605 and M1606 in the A2 domain of VWF. Here, we determined the minimal region recognized as a specific substrate by ADAMTS-13. A series of partial deletions in the A2 domain flanked with N- and C-terminal tags were expressed in Escherichia coli and affinity-purified. These purified proteins were incubated with human plasma, subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and analyzed by Western blot. Judging from mobility shifts, all constructs except one were cleaved at the expected site. Data suggested that a minimal region as a functional substrate consisted of 73 amino acid residues from D1596 to R1668 of VWF, designated VWF73, and that further deletion of the E1660-R1668 region led to the loss of cleavage by ADAMTS-13. VWF73 was not cleaved by plasma from patients with congenital or acquired TTP, but cleaved by plasma from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome, suggesting that VWF73 is a specific substrate forADAMTS-13. Thus, VWF73 will be a useful seed to develop a new rapid assay to determine ADAMTS-13 activity.
Mining geographic knowledge using location aware topic model (2007)

Most online activities are associated with geographical locations. For example, people write personal blogs about interesting places they have ever been to; read news about important local events; and search the web to find delicious restaurants. Mining geographical knowledge from these online activities can greatly benefit lots of web applications. In this paper, we propose a Location Aware Topic Model (LATM), a probabilistic graphical model, to explicitly model the relationships between locations and words. Experiments on several data sets, including news and blogs, showed satisfactory results.
Anisotropic plasma etching of polysilicon (1980)

Plasma etching of polycrystalline silicon films for fabrication of silicon gate MOS integrated circuits has been studied with emphasis on fine-line devices. CF4–O2 plasmas, commonly used for etching silicon, are unacceptable for very fine features because the etching is isotropic and load dependent. This results in substantial undercutting and insufficient dimensional control. Several alternative gases were investigated in a parallel–plate reactor. CF3Cl and a 70% CF3Br–30% He mixture were found to provide selectivities of 30:1 and 16:1, respectively, over thermal SiO2, freedom from loading effects and a large vertical to lateral etch rate anisotropy which minimizes undercutting. Extensive measurements of etch rate and edge profile as a function of gas composition were made for C2F6–Cl2 plasmas. Fully anisotropic etching (zero lateral etch rate) was observed at low Cl2 concentrations with a selectivity ≳6:1 over thermal SiO2 when using conventional photoresist masks. The vertical and lateral etch rates and the selectivity increase with increasing Cl2 concentration for n-type polysilicon. The dependence of etch rate on Cl2 concentration for p-type polysilicon is nearly identical to that for undoped polysilicon, whereas n-type material etches faster than undoped material with the etch rate ratio (n-type:undoped) increasing with Cl2 concentration. Values for this ratio as large as 15:1 were measured. ’’Pattern sensitivity’’ was observed with photoresist masks such that at low Cl2 concentrations etching was slower in the vicinity of resist features while at high Cl2 concentrations etching was faster near resist features as compared to open (unmasked) areas of the same film. Pattern sensitivity was negligible at an intermediate Cl2 concentration. Results of effluent sampling with IR absorption and mass spectrometry and spectral analysis of optical emission from the plasma suggest that Cl atoms are the likely active species. It is conjectured that the anisotropy in etch rate is a consequence of enhanced chemical reaction between Cl and Si on surfaces which are ion (or electron) bombarded while lateral etching is suppressed by the combination of CF3 radicals and Cl atoms on surfaces which are not ion (or electron) bombarded.
Role of mask pattern in intelligibility of ideal binary-masked noisy speech (2009)

Intelligibility of ideal binary masked noisy speech was measured on a group of normal hearing individuals across mixture signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels, masker types, and local criteria for forming the binary mask. The binary mask is computed from time-frequency decompositions of target and masker signals using two different schemes: an ideal binary mask computed by thresholding the local SNR within time-frequency units and a target binary mask computed by comparing the local target energy against the long-term average speech spectrum. By depicting intelligibility scores as a function of the difference between mixture SNR and local SNR threshold, alignment of the performance curves is obtained for a large range of mixture SNR levels. Large intelligibility benefits are obtained for both sparse and dense binary masks. When an ideal mask is dense with many ones, the effect of changing mixture SNR level while fixing the mask is significant, whereas for more sparse masks the effect is small or insignificant.
Recycling system for printed wiring boards with mounted parts (1999)

A practical recycling system has been developed for printed wiring boards (PWBs) with electronic parts mounted on them. This system consists of part-removing, solder-removing and resin-board pulverizing/separating processes, and is effective in the recovery of useful materials. The authors have developed a part-removal apparatus which successfully removes through-hole devices as well as surface mounted devices from PWBs with almost no damage to the devices themselves. Most of the solder is removed by the part-removal, and later by surface abrasion followed by heat/impact. After the removal of parts and solder, the resin-boards are pulverized and the resulting powder is then separated into two types: a copper-rich powder and a powder which consists of glass fiber and resin (GR powder). The copper-rich powder is a good copper resource for refining; the GR powder is usable as a filler for polymer products. Recovered parts which contains valuable metal resources (including gold), can be refined out, as is most commonly the case in other recycling systems, but a more economic and ecologically sound approach would be to exploit the potential of parts removed in this system to be reused for their original purposes after being checked for reliability.
Improving the efficiency of stochastic composite simulation models via result caching (2014)

Stochastic composite simulation models, such as those created via the IBM Splash prototype platform, can be used to estimate performance measures for complex stochastic systems of systems. When, as in Splash, a composite model is made up of loosely coupled component models, we propose a method for improving the efficiency of composite-model simulations. To run n Monte Carlo replications of the composite model, we execute certain component models fewer than n times, caching and re-using results as needed. The number of component-model replications is chosen to maximize an asymptotic efficiency measure that balances computation costs and estimator precision. We initiate the study of result-caching schemes by giving an exact theoretical analysis for the most basic two-model scenario, as well as outlining some approaches for obtaining the parameter values needed for result caching.
Characteristic repartition of monocyte subsets as a diagnostic signature of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (2015)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic syndrome/ myeloproliferative neoplasm whose diagnosis is currently based on the elevation of peripheral blood monocytes to >1 × 10(9)/L, measured for ≥3 months. Diagnosis can be ambiguous; for example, with prefibrotic myelofibrosis or reactive monocytosis. We set up a multiparameter flow cytometry assay to distinguish CD14(+)/CD16(-) classical from CD14(+)/CD16(+) intermediate and CD14(low)/CD16(+) nonclassical monocyte subsets in peripheral blood mononucleated cells and in total blood samples. Compared with healthy donors and patients with reactive monocytosis or another hematologic malignancy, CMML patients demonstrate a characteristic increase in the fraction of CD14(+)/CD16(-) cells (cutoff value, 94.0%). The associated specificity and sensitivity values were 95.1% and 90.6% in the learning cohort (175 samples) and 94.1% and 91.9% in the validation cohort (307 samples), respectively. The accumulation of classical monocytes, which demonstrate a distinct gene expression pattern, is independent of the mutational background. Importantly, this increase disappears in patients who respond to hypomethylating agents. We conclude that an increase in the fraction of classical monocytes to >94.0% of total monocytes is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic marker that rapidly and accurately distinguishes CMML from confounding diagnoses.
Exploiting Acoustic and Lexical Properties of Phonemes to Recognize Valence from Speech (2019)

Emotions modulate speech acoustics as well as language. The latter influences the sequences of phonemes that are produced, which in turn further modulate the acoustics. Therefore, phonemes impact emotion recognition in two ways: (1) they introduce an additional source of variability in speech signals and (2) they provide information about the emotion expressed in speech content. Previous work in speech emotion recognition has considered (1) or (2), individually. In this paper, we investigate how we can jointly consider both factors to improve the prediction of emotional valence (positive vs. negative), and the relationship between improved prediction and the emotion elicitation process (e.g., fixed script, improvisation, natural interaction). We present a network that exploits both the acoustic and the lexical properties of phonetic information using multi-stage fusion. Our results on the IEMOCAP and MSP-Improv datasets show that our approach outperforms systems that either do not consider the influence of phonetic information or that only consider a single aspect of this influence.
Electrical properties of lateral p–n junction diodes fabricated by selective growth of n<sup>+</sup> diamond (2012)

Abstract We fabricated diamond lateral p–n junction diodes by selective growth of n + ‐type diamond and evaluated their structural and electrical properties. The phosphorus‐doped n + diamond was selectively grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition at the side of a boron‐doped p‐type layer to form lateral p–n junction diodes. No distinct defects are observed at the interface of the p–n junction diode by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, implying the good homoepitaxial growth of the n‐type diamond. Electron beam induced‐current measurements directly confirmed the existence of the depletion layer in p–n junction diode. The electrical properties of the lateral p–n junction diodes were investigated at room temperature to 773 K. The devices show normal diode characteristics at all temperatures. A very low leakage current <10 −14 A in the reverse bias was obtained at room temperature, resulting in a high rectification ratio of 10 8 . Although the rectification ratio decreases with increasing temperature, it possesses 10 6 even at 573 K. A breakdown voltage was examined to be more than 100 V.
Dual-Polarization OFDM-OQAM Wireless Communication System (2018)

In this paper we describe the overall idea and results of a recently proposed radio access technique based on filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) communication system using two orthogonal polarizations: dual-polarization FBMC (DP-FBMC). Using this system we can alleviate the intrinsic interference problem in FBMC systems. This enables use of all the multicarrier techniques used in cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) systems for channel equalization, multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) processing, etc., without using the extra processing required for conventional FBMC. DP-FBMC also provides other interesting advantages over CP-OFDM and FBMC such as more robustness in multipath fading channels, and more robustness to receiver carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset (TO). For DP-FBMC we propose three different structures based on different multiplexing techniques in time, frequency, and polarization. We will show that one of these structures has exactly the same system complexity and equipment as conventional FBMC. In our simulation results DP-FBMC has better bit error ratio (BER) performance in dispersive channels. Based on these results, DP-FBMC has potential as a promising candidate for future wireless communication systems.
Writing Self‐Erasing Images using Metastable Nanoparticle “Inks” (2009)

Photoresponsive Liganden als Umhüllung machen Metallnanopartikel (NPs) zu „Tinten“ für selbstradierendes „Papier“, indem die lichtinduzierte Assoziation der NPs in lokale Farbwechsel übersetzt wird (siehe Bild). Je nach Ausmaß der Assoziation können vielfarbige Bilder mit nur einer Art von NP-Tinte geschrieben werden. Wie schnell das Bild ausradiert wird, hängt von der Oberflächenkonzentration der photoaktiven Gruppen ab; der Vorgang kann Sekunden bis Tage dauern.
Histotripsy beyond the intrinsic cavitation threshold using very short ultrasound pulses: microtripsy (2014)

Histotripsy produces tissue fractionation through dense energetic bubble clouds generated by short, high-pressure, ultrasound pulses. Conventional histotripsy treatments have used longer pulses from 3 to 10 cycles, wherein the lesion-producing bubble cloud generation depends on the pressure-release scattering of very high peak positive shock fronts from previously initiated, sparsely distributed bubbles (the shock-scattering mechanism). In our recent work, the peak negative pressure (P-) for generation of dense bubble clouds directly by a single negative half cycle, the intrinsic threshold, was measured. In this paper, the dense bubble clouds and resulting lesions (in red blood cell phantoms and canine tissues) generated by these supra-intrinsic threshold pulses were studied. A 32-element, PZT-8, 500-kHz therapy transducer was used to generate very short (<2 cycles) histotripsy pulses at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 Hz and P- from 24.5 to 80.7 MPa. The results showed that the spatial extent of the histotripsy-induced lesions increased as the applied P- increased, and the sizes of these lesions corresponded well to the estimates of the focal regions above the intrinsic cavitation threshold, at least in the lower pressure regime (P- = 26 to 35 MPa). The average sizes for the smallest reproducible lesions were approximately 0.9 × 1.7 mm (lateral × axial), significantly smaller than the -6-dB beamwidth of the transducer (1.8 × 4.0 mm). These results suggest that, using the intrinsic threshold mechanism, well-confined and microscopic lesions can be precisely generated and their spatial extent can be estimated based on the fraction of the focal region exceeding the intrinsic cavitation threshold. Because the supra-threshold portion of the negative half cycle can be precisely controlled, lesions considerably less than a wavelength are easily produced, hence the term microtripsy.
Application of Three Axial Offsets Trajectory Method for Load Follow Operation Control in PWRs. (2001)

During load follow operation of PWRs, it is required to control the core power distribution and to reduce the amount of cost due to the usage of control devices such as boron adjustment and control rod. Since occurrence of xenon spatial distribution oscillation following the change of the reactor power can cause oscillation in the power distribution, one task in the core power distribution control is to suppress xenon oscillation as effectively as possible. A lot of studies have been done to solve the problem, some of which use complex mathematical treatments. On the other hand, the three axial offsets trajectory method, which uses a simple mathematical treatment based on two points reactor model, has been proved to be effective for xenon oscillation control. In this study, we examined the feasibility of application of the three axial offsets trajectory method in the load follow operation by comparing with conventional strategies such as boron priority control and control rods priority control. In order to increase the effectiveness of control means, we propose a new method that is constructed by considering the superiority of each control strategy.
Controlling D.I. Diesel Engine Emissions Using Multiple Injections and EGR (1998)

Experiments have been performed using a modern heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine equipped with a common-rail, electronically-controlled high-pressure fuel injection system. The experimental results demonstrate the utility of using multiple or split fuel injections in combination with EGR for giving significant emissions reduction over the entire engine operating range. The mechanisms of emission reduction have been revealed by means of combustion visualization and CFD modeling. Soot is reduced due to the fact that the soot producing regions at the tip of the sprays are not replenished with fresh fuel when each injection is terminated and then restarted. The large reduction in soot possible with multiple injections allows the use of higher levels of EGR than is possible with single injections, so that NOx can be reduced significantly while soot levels are simultaneously kept low.
Enhancing finite element-based photoacoustic tomography using total variation minimization (2011)

A total variation minimization (TVM)-based finite element reconstruction algorithm for photoacoustic (PA) tomography is described in this paper. This algorithm is used to enhance the quality of reconstructed PA images with time-domain data. Simulations are conducted where different contrast levels between the target and the background, different noise levels, and different sizes and shapes of the target are studied in a 30 mm diameter circular heterogeneous background. These simulated results show that the quality of the reconstructed images can be improved significantly due to the decreased sensitivity to noise effect when the TVM is included in the reconstruction algorithm. The enhancement is further confirmed using experimental data obtained from several phantom experiments and an in vivo animal experiment.
Mitochondrial fission as a driver of stemness in tumor cells: mDIVI1 inhibits mitochondrial function, cell migration and cancer stem cell (CSC) signalling (2018)

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles frequently undergoing fission and fusion events to maintain their integrity, bioenergetics and spatial distribution, which is fundamental to the processes of cell survival. Disruption in mitochondrial dynamics plays a role in cancer. Therefore, proteins involved in regulating mitochondrial dynamics are potential targets for treatment. mDIVI1 is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial fission protein DRP1, which induces i) mitochondrial oxidative stress and ii) effectively reduces mitochondrial metabolism. We show here that mDIVI1 is able to inhibit 3D tumorsphere forming capacity, cell migration and stemness-related signalling in breast cancer cells, indicating that mDIVI1 can potentially be used for the therapeutic elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs).