gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating methodology for a large regional application of conservation voltage reduction (1990)

The authors describe a supply-curve methodology that can determine the conservation value of CVR (conservation voltage reduction) applied to many distribution systems in a region. It is shown that, in the area served by Bonneville Power Administration involving approximately 150 utilities, the systematic implementation of CVR could conserve between 170 and 268 average Megawatts at a cost of 5 cents/kWh. A large portion of this CVR resource would be available at less than 1 cent/kWh (142 to 230 AMW). The intermediate estimate of the regional CVR resource at 1 cent/kWh (179 AMW) exceeds the conservation potential (150 AMW) that is possible at the same cost from implementing major efficiency improvements (reconductoring, transformer replacement, and voltage upgrading) on Pacific Northwest transmission and distribution systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate and efficient CAD-oriented modeling of circular waveguide bends (2002)

An extended local modes approach suitable for computer-aided design of curved waveguide bends is presented. This together with a new equivalent network representation of the circular bend consisting of uncoupled modes and coupling networks are found to provide accurate and efficient computer-aided design and simulation tools for circular bends.
Experiments with Animating Direct Manipulation in a Drawing Editor (1998)

We are investigating how animation can be applied to human computer interaction. In particular, we have applied techniques borrowed from cartoon animation to the visual appearance of objects that a user manipulates. Such animation effects can heighten the user&apos;s sense of engagement by giving the objects greater &quot;substance&quot;, and it can convey more information about the nature and progress of the interaction. This paper describes two experiments that we have conducted to explore how effective these techniques are in the context of a direct manipulation drawing editor. Our results suggest that users like the &quot;feel&quot; of the animated interaction, and that the techniques offer promise as a way to augment interactive interfaces. Keywords: animation, cartooning, direct manipulation, graphical interfaces, drawing editors, InterViews 1 Introduction Along with other recent workers [1], we have been investigating how animation can benefit human computer interaction. Our primary concern is not wit...
Spring Establishment of Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses After Fall Indaziflam Applications (2013)

Indaziflam is an effective PRE herbicide for annual bluegrass control, but soil residual effects could inhibit spring turf establishment in treated areas. To test this hypothesis, field experiments were conducted to evaluate establishment of bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass after fall indaziflam applications. Lateral spread of turfgrasses from plugs in summer generally had no meaningful differences from treatments. However, high indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1 ) had approximately two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control while low rates (17.5 and 35 g ha −1 ), oxadiazon at 3360 g ai ha −1 , and prodiamine at 840 g ai ha −1 were similar to the nontreated. Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 and prodiamine applications in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species from the nontreated control, but oxadiazon and low rates of indaziflam were similar. Bermudagrass establishment from seed was significantly reduced (20 to 50%) by indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 , prodiamine, and oxadiazon, on several dates, but the low rate of indaziflam was similar to the nontreated at 10 wk after seeding. Overall, fall indaziflam applications at 17.5 to 35 g ha −1 appear safe on vegetative establishment of four warm-season turfgrasses in spring but reseeding bermudagrass in areas treated with rates > 17.5 g ha −1 may cause unacceptable delays in growth.
Causal Markov random field for brain MR image segmentation (2012)

We propose a new Bayesian classifier, based on the recently introduced causal Markov random field (MRF) model, Quadrilateral MRF (QMRF). We use a second order inhomogeneous anisotropic QMRF to model the prior and likelihood probabilities in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) classifier, named here as MAP-QMRF. The joint distribution of QMRF is given in terms of the product of two dimensional clique distributions existing in its neighboring structure. 20 manually labeled human brain MR images are used to train and assess the MAP-QMRF classifier using the jackknife validation method. Comparing the results of the proposed classifier and FreeSurfer on the Dice overlap measure shows an average gain of 1.8%. We have performed a power analysis to demonstrate that this increase in segmentation accuracy substantially reduces the number of samples required to detect a 5% change in volume of a brain region.
CT EVALUATION OF MEDIASTINAL MASSES: A STUDY OF 80 CASES (1996)

Eighty patients with mediastinal masses were imaged with computed tomography (CT). Results were analyzed with regard to the ability of CT to demonstrate the masses, their location, their morphology, and their encroachment upon or displacement of adjacent mediastinal structures. CT images were compared with plain chest radiographs which were available in all cases. CT depicted all lesions successfully with good anatomic detail. Among the 80patients the largest number of cases (n =51) were found to be having lymphadenopathy with Hodgkin's lymphoma in 57% and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in J5% of cases. CT is regarded as the best single radiological investigation for evaluating a mediastinal abnormality demonstrated on a high-kV chest radiograph or for detecting occult mediastinal disease.
Abstract A26: Imprime PGG improves the efficacy of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and cetuximab chemoimmunotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2014)

Abstract Imprime PGG is a yeast-derived beta 1,3/1,6 glucan that primes innate immune cells to kill monoclonal antibody (MAb)-targeted cancer cells via a mechanism dependent on complement receptor 3 (CR3). In humans, naturally occurring anti-beta glucan antibodies are required for binding of Imprime PGG to CR3 on immune cells. A quantitative assay has been developed to measure these antibodies in serum; subjects with levels conducive to binding are considered “biomarker positive” (BM+) and others “biomarker negative” (BM-). In a Phase 2 study, stage IIIb or IV NSCLC subjects received cetuximab (250 mg/m2 following initial 400 mg/m2 loading dose) without (Control, N=30) or with Imprime PGG 4mg/kg (Imprime, N=60) on Days 1, 8 and 15 of each 3-week treatment cycle; all subjects also received carboplatin (AUC 6) plus paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) on Day 2 of each cycle for the first 4 to 6 cycles. Maintenance treatment with cetuximab alone or with Imprime was continued in subjects achieving radiographic stable disease or tumor responses (RECIST 1.0). In the efficacy population comprised of all treated subjects who had evaluable baseline and post-baseline scans, median overall survival was 11.2 mo in the control group (N=26), 10.2 mo in the entire Imprime group (N=46) (HR 1.06, p=0.85 vs. control), 16.5 mo in the BM+ Imprime group (N=15) (HR 0.63, p=0.26 vs. control) and 9.1 mo in the BM- Imprime group (N=31) (HR 1.35, p=0.35 vs. control). Three-year survival was 0% in the control group, 7% in the entire Imprime group, 17% in the BM+ Imprime group and 0% in the BM- Imprime group. The objective response rate (ORR, all partial responses) was 23% in the control group, 48% in the entire Imprime group (p= 0.048 vs. control), 67% in the BM+ Imprime group (p=0.009 vs. control) and 39% in the BM- Imprime group (p=0.26 vs. control). Among subjects with squamous cell histology, 6 of 6 BM+ Imprime subjects had responses compared with 3 of 10 control subjects (p=0.01). Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 25 of 29 control subjects (86%) and 46 of 59 Imprime subjects (78%). All adverse events were consistent with toxicities attributable to the cytotoxic drugs or cetuximab. In summary, the addition of Imprime PGG to chemoimmunotherapy with carboplatin, paclitaxel and cetuximab resulted in improved outcomes in BM+ subjects with respect to increased ORR and extended survival compared to control subjects and had a good safety profile. Citation Format: Michael Thomas, Parvis Sadjadian, Jens Kollmeier, Zhonglin Hao, Myra Patchen, Jamie Lowe, Paulette Mattson, Richard D. Huhn, Nandita Bose, Mary Antonysamy, Michele Gargano, Keith Gordon, Folker Schneller. Imprime PGG improves the efficacy of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and cetuximab chemoimmunotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
Automatic Data Quality Evaluation for the AVM System (2011)

This paper proposes the schemes of automatic process and metrology data-quality evaluations for the automatic virtual metrology (AVM) system. Firstly, principal component analysis is applied to extract data features of all the collected equipment process data; then Euclidean distance is utilized to unify all the principal components into a single index denoted by process data quality index (DQI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> ) for evaluating the quality of process data. Second, adaptive resonance theory 2 (ART2) and normalized variability are applied to define the metrology data quality index (DQI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ) for appraising the quality of metrology data. The thresholds of both DQI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> and DQI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> are also defined and can be adaptively calculated. The DQI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> and DQI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> data quality evaluation schemes are well suited for the AVM systems of the semiconductor and thin film transistor-liquid crystal display industries to online, real-time, and automatically evaluate the quality of all the collected process and metrology data. As such, abnormal data will not be adopted for VM model training or tuning and VM conjecture accuracy can be maintained.
Persistent Nerve Injury and CRPS After Ankle Sprains (2021)

A number of patients continue to experience prolonged pain, swelling, instability, and disability after a lateral ankle sprain, which is sufficient to limit their activity. There are several conditions that are misdiagnosed as chronic lateral ligament injury. In this review, we highlight common nerve conditions, with specific attention to the peroneal nerve, and chronic regional pain syndrome that can mimic chronic lateral ligament injury and can cause persistent ankle pain after lateral ankle sprain. We also offer advice for effective diagnosis and treatment of these associated pathologies. Sprained ankle syndrome, as it has been referred to, continues to be an unsolved problem in many, but we hope to better elucidate the diagnostic and treatment dilemma in most of these patients. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Dynamic Imaging of Lung Ventilation with Hyperpolarized Gas MRI (2005)

I. Introduction 162II. MRI Methodology 162A. Sequence Design and k-Space Sampling 162Multishot Sequences 162Single Shot Sequences 164B. Spin Polarization 167C. Breathing Factors 168D. Local Static Magnetic Field Homogeneity 169E. Localized Diffusion 170III. Quantitative Evaluation 170A. Spatio-Temporal Parametric Analysis 170IV. Clinical Applications 171A. Cystic Fibrosis 173B. Asthma 174C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 174D. Hemidiaphragm 175V. Dynamic Imaging Using Proton MRI 175References 177I. IntroductionHyperpolarized (HP) gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown to beeffective at visualizing breath-hold images of ventilation in humans (1).Optical pumping techniques permit high nuclear spin polarization levels of thenoble gas nuclei, irrespective of the strength of the MRI scanner static field(B0). As the polarization is not constrained by the processes of saturationrecovery, but more so by radio-frequency (RF) depletion, imaging with veryfast repetition times at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a realistic prospectin vivo. This has enabled the dynamic study of gas inhalation and visualizationof the respiratory cycle with fast imaging techniques. Aside from providing visu-ally striking cinematic movies of ventilation in the lungs, the study of ventilationdynamics may give insights into lung pathophysiology such as obstruction and airtrapping.
The Application of Three-Dimension Brain Atlas in the Surgery Planning (2009)

The article introduces the Talairach Daemon brain atlas, Talairach proportional grid system in three dimensions, Talairach transformation and the application in the surgery planning. In the Talairach coordinate system, MRI and Talairach Daemon brain atlas were registered by within each region linearly. Base on the Talairach Daemon brain and linear methods, We complete a atlas-assisted surgery planning system through VC++ software and this system has been applied in surgery planning. Through actual clinical application, this algorithm is a kind of feasibility method, the Talairach Daemon brain atlas along with applications and methodology allow for rapid surgery planning and more sophisticated trajectories. Additionally, this might result in increased accuracy of targeting, as well as reduced duration, cost of surgery, surgical complications. We think that the proposed solution and application is a step forward in bringing the atlas and research and clinical data together within a practical and powerful solution.
On the Mechanism of Pulsed Electron Beam Production From an Uninterrupted Plasma Cathode (2016)

Electron extraction from a hollow cathode plasma discharge through a primary anode, biased with a dc accelerating potential, is modulated to produce pulsed or continuous electron beams without the interruption of the plasma cathode discharge. This is achieved with the addition of a secondary anode, within the hollow cathode. When this secondary anode is electrically connected to the primary anode, beam production ceases; when the secondary anode is electrically isolated, beam production resumes. Previous works demonstrated the utility and operation of this device; however, the precise physical principles allowing beam modulation were not well characterized. In this paper, we show that beam modulation can be understood in terms of changes in plasma potential within the hollow cathode that either promote or prevent the formation of an electron sheath at the exit of the hollow cathode, which is mediated by the electrical state of the secondary anode. Maintaining a plasma within the hollow cathode during a state change of the secondary anode depends on the secondary anode meeting the criteria for global nonambipolar flow. These effects are explored with both the Langmuir probe measurements within the hollow cathode during the steady-state operation, and the high-speed current and voltage monitoring during beam pulses.
Single-molecule visualization in cell biology. (2003)

Recent progress in single-molecule detection techniques has allowed us to visualize the dynamic behaviour and reaction kinetics of individual biological molecules inside living cells. Single-molecule visualization provides a direct way to quantify, with a high spatial and temporal resolution, biological events inside cells at the single-molecule level. In this article, we discuss how single-molecule visualization can be used in cell biology.
VARA-TTS: Non-Autoregressive Text-to-Speech Synthesis based on Very Deep VAE with Residual Attention (2021)

This paper proposes VARA-TTS, a non-autoregressive (non-AR) text-to-speech (TTS) model using a very deep Variational Autoencoder (VDVAE) with Residual Attention mechanism, which refines the textual-to-acoustic alignment layer-wisely. Hierarchical latent variables with different temporal resolutions from the VDVAE are used as queries for residual attention module. By leveraging the coarse global alignment from previous attention layer as an extra input, the following attention layer can produce a refined version of alignment. This amortizes the burden of learning the textual-to-acoustic alignment among multiple attention layers and outperforms the use of only a single attention layer in robustness. An utterance-level speaking speed factor is computed by a jointly-trained speaking speed predictor, which takes the mean-pooled latent variables of the coarsest layer as input, to determine number of acoustic frames at inference. Experimental results show that VARA-TTS achieves slightly inferior speech quality to an AR counterpart Tacotron 2 but an order-of-magnitude speed-up at inference; and outperforms an analogous non-AR model, BVAE-TTS, in terms of speech quality.
Multiplexed Optical Imaging of Tumor-Directed Nanoparticles: A Review of Imaging Systems and Approaches (2017)

In recent decades, various classes of nanoparticles have been developed for optical imaging of cancers. Many of these nanoparticles are designed to specifically target tumor sites, and specific cancer biomarkers, to facilitate the visualization of tumors. However, one challenge for accurate detection of tumors is that the molecular profiles of most cancers vary greatly between patients as well as spatially and temporally within a single tumor mass. To overcome this challenge, certain nanoparticles and imaging systems have been developed to enable multiplexed imaging of large panels of cancer biomarkers. Multiplexed molecular imaging can potentially enable sensitive tumor detection, precise delineation of tumors during interventional procedures, and the prediction/monitoring of therapy response. In this review, we summarize recent advances in systems that have been developed for the imaging of optical nanoparticles that can be heavily multiplexed, which include surface-enhanced Raman-scattering nanoparticles (SERS NPs) and quantum dots (QDs). In addition to surveying the optical properties of these various types of nanoparticles, and the most-popular multiplexed imaging approaches that have been employed, representative preclinical and clinical imaging studies are also highlighted.
Effects of Tamm-Horsfall Protein and Albumin on the Inhibition of Free Radicals (2001)

Both proteins can inhibit the reaction of xanthine oxidase on xanthine, although the effect was decreased after enzymatic deglycosylation of sialic acid. Albumin has an IC(50) of 10.7 nM in native condition and 11.9 nM after deglycosylation, whereas THP has 69.6 nM in native condition and 102.0 nM in deglycosylated condition. The data indicates that THP and albumin have an antioxidant effect. Sialic acid in THP has partly an inhibitory effect and is associated with calcium oxalate formation. Studies have indicated that further investigation of the role of free radicals in the formation of urolithiasis and of sialic acid in protein function is needed.
A New Self‐Aligned Contact Technology (1978)

A new self‐aligned contact technology for high density MIS LSI is described in this paper. The technology does not need any alignment tolerances of contact regions which have been indispensable for the conventional Si gate technology. Therefore the technology makes a grate reduction in contact areas. An R‐S flip‐flop circuit was designed by the technology. The packing density has been increased about 20% compared with that of the conventional circuit structure.
Image Quality In Selenium-Based Digital Radiography (1986)

Capacitive sensing of x-ray generated charge images on amorphous selenium layers represents an attractive technique for the electronic recording of projection radiographs. In order to evaluate the practical limits of image quality with such a selenium detector we have set up a laboratory system that allows the recording of small size (70 x 70 mm2) radiographic images. We have measured MTF and noise power spectra and have calculated from these data noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) as a function of dose and spatial frequency. On the basis of these quantities the imaging performance of the system is discussed.
Improving the stability and reusability of dextranase by immobilization on polyethylenimine modified magnetic particles (2018)

The stability and reusability of dextranase were improved by immobilizing it on polyethylenimine modified magnetic particles.
Density and Surface Tension of Aqueous H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>at Low Temperature (1998)

The density and surface tension of 0.12 to 0.75 acid mass fraction in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions have been measured in the temperature region from (220 to 300) K. The density has been expressed as a polynomial of the acid mass fraction and temperature, fitting the new measurements together with the tabulated values from International Critical Tables (1928). Older literature data for the surface tension of aqueous sulfuric acid has been corrected for systematic errors and used with the new data to derive a parametrization of the surface tension as a function of acid mass fraction and temperature.
Cover Picture: Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose as the Entry Point into Biorefinery Schemes (ChemSusChem 12/2009) (2009)

The cover image shows a sustainable biorefinery scheme. Cellulose is a renewable and highly available feedstock that is typically found in wood, straw, grass, municipal solid waste, and crop residues. Its use, as raw material for biofuel production, opens a possibility for sustainable biorefinery schemes that do not compete with the food supply. Tapping into this feedstock for the production of biofuels and chemicals requires, as the first step, its depolymerization or its hydrolysis to intermediates more susceptible to chemical and/or biological transformations. Rinaldi and Schüth from the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung describe efficient methods for the conversion of cellulose in their Review found on page 1096.