gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fetal undernutrition and disease in later life (1997)

Recent findings suggest that coronary heart disease and stroke, and the associated conditions, hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes, originate through impaired growth and development during fetal life and infancy. These diseases may be consequences of 'programming', whereby a stimulus or insult at a critical, sensitive period of early life results in long-term changes in physiology or metabolism. Animal studies provide many examples of programming, which occurs because the systems and organs of the body mature during periods of rapid growth in fetal life and infancy. There are critical windows of time during which maturation must be achieved; and failure of maturation is largely irrecoverable.
Energetic Nitrogen‐Rich Polymers with a Tetrazene‐Based Backbone (2020)

New energetic polymers were synthesized from monomers containing a trans-2-tetrazene unit. In contrast to traditional binders, such as inert hydroxytelechelic polybutadiene or glycidyl azide polymers-in which the energetic features are on the side chains-the energetic groups in the polytetrazenes are incorporated directly in the polymer backbone. Thermal analyses demonstrated that decomposition occurs at approximately 130 °C, regardless of the polymer structure. Glass-transition temperatures ranged from -34.2 to 0.2 °C and could be lowered further (to -61 °C) with the help of a new diazidotetrazene energetic plasticizer. Interestingly, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) enabled complete, room-temperature depolymerization within 1 week. This depolymerization should enable the recycling of unused pyrotechnic compositions based on these new binders.
Facebook emotional contagion experiment controversy (2016)

In mid-2014 a story broke about Facebook conducting psychological experiments on the newsfeed of almost 700,000 of its users without consent or IRB approval. The aim of the research was to test the hypothesis that users would experience emotional contagion – that is, if they perceived others as posting more negatively they would post more negatively, and if they perceived others as posting more positively they would post more positively. They tested this by manipulating the newsfeed users saw showing them either more negative posts from their friends or more positive ones. The effect was significant, albeit small; altered newsfeeds demonstrated a slight emotional contagion effect. This kind of A/B testing is common in online websites, and some wondered why there was any controversy. Others were concerned about the absence of any consent other than the user agreement you agree to when you sign up to Facebook (and did not at the time include research explicitly). Although the effect was small, some were worried about the potential for harm given the sheer numbers involved – what if one of the users who had a more negative newsfeed had a serious mental illness? Concerns were also raised about whether ethical approval ought to have been sought as well as jurisdictional issues: where were these 700,000 users located, and was approval required in each jurisdiction? The experiment, as a collaboration between academic researchers at Cornell, and Facebook, existed in a grey area of federal regulation. It was allegedly designed
Epitope specificity of bee venom phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>-specific suppressor T cells which produce antigen-binding glycosylation inhibiting factor (1993)

From the spleen cells of BALB/c mice primed with bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2), we established seven T cell hybridomas which constitutively secreted glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF), expressed both CD3 and TCR alpha beta, and responded to antigen-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APC) for the formation of IgE-binding factor. Upon stimulation with antigen-pulsed APC, four of the seven hybridomas produced GIF having affinity for native PLA2. The antigen-binding GIF could suppress the anti-hapten antibody response of BALB/c mice to dinitrophenyl (DNP)-PLA2 conjugates in a carrier-specific manner and bound to immunosorbents coupled with either the mAb 14-12 or anti-TCR alpha chain, H28-710. Analysis of the epitope specificity of the TCR on the GIF-producing T hybridomas indicated that all of the hybridomas which could produce antigen-binding GIF upon antigenic stimulation recognized the synthetic peptide representing amino acid residues 19-34 in PLA2 molecules in the context of the product of the I-Ad subregion and the antigen-binding GIF formed by the cells had affinity for the peptide. The 3-D structure of bee venom PLA2 indicates that the sequence of amino acid 14-24 forms a loop in the PLA2 molecule and represents an external structure of the antigen, while peptide 25-37 forms an alpha helix. Evidence was obtained which suggests that the sequence of 25-34 contains amino acid residues interacting with Ia molecules, while peptide 19-24 contains residues involved in the interaction of p19-34-Ia complexes with TCR on the hybridomas. It was also found that not only the synthetic peptide 19-34, but also the peptides 13-28 and 19-30 inhibited the binding of antigen-binding GIF to PLA2-coupled Sepharose, while peptide 25-40 failed to do so. The results collectively indicate that the antigen-binding GIF and TCR on the cell source of the factor interact with a common epitope which is exposed on the surface of a nominal antigen.
Music Therapy and Attachment Disorder: A Case Study (1996)

Public and clinical awareness of the phenomenon known as attachment has increased significantly in the last several decades. When the process of a child's attachment to his or her primary caregiver is disturbed or interrupted during the first two years of life by such events as traumatic separations, abuse or neglect, the child may develop an attachment disorder which can last a lifetime. Children with an impaired capacity for attachment do not respond well to traditional parenting or therapy as both are based on the child's internalization of the parent's voice and values, a desire to please, and an ability to form relationships. Music therapy, on the other hand, offers an inviting, less threatening medium in which to address attachment-related behaviors and issues. This paper will present the innovative use of music therapy to bridge one child's attachment problems.
Retraining Mechanism for On-Line Peer-to-Peer Traffic Classification. (2012)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) detection using machine learning (ML) classification is affected by its training quality and recency. In this paper, a practical retraining mechanism is proposed to retrain an on-line P2P ML classifier with the changes in network traffic behavior. This mechanism evaluates the accuracy of the on-line P2P ML classifier based on the training datasets containing flows labeled by a heuristic based training dataset generator. The on-line P2P ML classifier is retrained if its accuracy falls below a predefined threshold. The proposed system has been evaluated on traces captured from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) campus network between October and November 2011. The overall results shows that the training dataset generation can generate accurate training dataset by classifying P2P flows with high accuracy (98.47%) and low false positive (1.37%). The on-line P2P ML classifier which is built based on J48 algorithm which has been demonstrated to be capable of self-retraining over time.
Issues in the Synthesis of Crystalline Molecular Sieves: Towards the Crystallization of Low Framework‐Density Structures (2004)

Fundamental and practical interest in crystalline, microporous, molecular sieves is largely a direct consequence of the fact that their bulk properties can be manipulated through variations in atomic structure. This correspondence between the macroscale and the atomic scale is due to the uniformity of these crystalline materials. Control of the atomic structure therefore is of extreme importance, and is the thesis of this Review. Synthesis mechanisms and the parameters that can direct the crystal assembly pathway and the ultimate product formed are discussed and rationalized.
Finding in History the Right to Estimate (1994)

ary position; at the same time it would acknowledge the multiple hierarchies of power and influence that monitor the crossing of their boundaries. Such a model would open up for scrutiny the rich and boundless cultural materials Gere suggests. It would also allow us to return to materials we thought closed, or empty, to texts we have dismissed as simple. Arguments about reading, writing, and education traverse these sites; they do not adhere at all times and with decorum to institutional categories or publishing conventions. We need to rethink the notion that influence and tradition are produced in straight lines, that theories are uttered and then get implemented somehow and the influence spreads down and out until it is diffused in the hinterlands. It is important to recognize that there is always interference with such a model, and that such interference may have considerable effect on how a theory travels and is sustained. This interference can come-and does-from the extracurriculum in its many forms, but it can also come from within the academy, from the pressure of new groups of students or new modes of teacher training, from multiple levels of educational activity, from diverse sites of teaching and learning.
Rotated Binary Neural Network (2020)

Binary Neural Network (BNN) shows its predominance in reducing the complexity of deep neural networks. However, it suffers severe performance degradation. One of the major impediments is the large quantization error between the full-precision weight vector and its binary vector. Previous works focus on compensating for the norm gap while leaving the angular bias hardly touched. In this paper, for the first time, we explore the influence of angular bias on the quantization error and then introduce a Rotated Binary Neural Network (RBNN), which considers the angle alignment between the full-precision weight vector and its binarized version. At the beginning of each training epoch, we propose to rotate the full-precision weight vector to its binary vector to reduce the angular bias. To avoid the high complexity of learning a large rotation matrix, we further introduce a bi-rotation formulation that learns two smaller rotation matrices. In the training stage, we devise an adjustable rotated weight vector for binarization to escape the potential local optimum. Our rotation leads to around 50% weight flips which maximize the information gain. Finally, we propose a training-aware approximation of the sign function for the gradient backward. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet demonstrate the superiorities of RBNN over many state-of-the-arts. Our source code, experimental settings, training logs and binary models are available at https://github.com/lmbxmu/RBNN.
STEADY‐STATE NEAR‐INFRARED DETECTION OF SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN: A STERN‐VOLMER QUENCHING EXPERIMENT WITH SODIUM AZIDE (1987)

Abstract— A sensitive near‐infrared detection system incorporating improvements to existing methodologies has been used to characterize the sodium azide quenching of the steady‐state luminescence of singlet molecular oxygen at 1270 nm. Stern‐Volmer plots which were linear up to 80% quenching of the 1 O 2 generated by rose bengal and eosin Y yielded a rate constant of 5.8 ± 0.1 times 10 8 M −1 s −1 for the quenching of 1 O 2 in water, while the rate constants obtained in deuterium oxide with the same sensitizers were 6.28 times 10 8 M −1 s −1 and 6.91 times 10 8 M −1 s −1 respectively. A flow system minimized the effects of photobleaching of the rose bengal. With a mercury arc light source, the instrument can be used in photosensitization experiments to detect low levels of 1 O 2 production in aqueous media.
A novel humanized anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand‐R2 monoclonal antibody induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death (2017)

It is well known that the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/TNFSF10) is specifically expressed in various tumor cells, but less or no expression in most normal tissues and cells. While TRAIL engages with its native death receptors, TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) or 2 (TRAIL-R2), usually elicits the tumor cell death by apoptosis. In this study, we report that a novel humanized monoclonal antibody against TRAIL-R2 (named as zaptuzumab) well remain the biological activity of the parental mouse antibody AD5-10 inducing cell death in various cancer cells, but little effect on normal cells. Zaptuzumab also markedly inhibited the tumor growth in the mouse xenograft of NCI-H460 without toxicity to the liver and kidney, and the efficacy of tumor suppression was increased significantly while it combined with cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum. Especially, <sup>131</sup> I-labeled zaptuzumab injected into mouse tail vein specifically targeted to the xenograft of the lung cancer cells. Confocal analysis showed that zaptuzumab bound with TRAIL-R2 on cell surface could be quickly internalized and transferred into the lysosome. Furthermore, zaptuzumab possessed a high level of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity as well as complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Study on the mechanisms of cell death induced by zaptuzumab showed that it efficiently induced both caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagic cell death. These data suggest that the humanized anti-TRAIL-R2 monoclonal antibody or the second generation of the antibody may have an important clinical usage for cancer immunotherapy. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(9):735-744, 2017.
Wrapper files - the key to network technology (1997)

The last IBC in 1996 saw the start of a joint EBU/SMPTE Task Force with a mandate to study the consequences of introducing compressed video bit streams into broadcast operations. The results of intensive studies by both the user and manufacturing communities saw the publication of a comprehensive user requirements report at the NAB in Las Vegas, April 1997. One section of that report was on the combined topics of wrappers and metadata and this paper introduces some of the work covered by that section. The paper explains what makes a wrapper file and why it may become a key part of broadcast operations in the future. A wrapper file can contain either or both the individual program essence or make reference to where the program essence can be found via a pointer. The other key component is metadata which provides descriptive information about the program essence. There are many other aspects to the needs of a wrapper file and this addresss some of them. It should be noted that a wrapper file format does not yet exist. The specification is a complex and ongoing process now under study.
Time, Tourism Consumption and Sustainable Development (2012)

ABSTRACT The availability of time has played a pivotal role in the analysis of tourism. An examination of social theory and time suggests that tourists experience time in multiple ways, which has implications for the traditional temporal and spatial reference frame. This article calls for a better understanding of ‘time’ in tourism and sets the agenda for further research into time and the sustainable development of tourism. It analyses the role of time in shaping tourism consumption and illustrates the challenges posed by new temporal understandings and distance concepts to create less greenhouse‐gas‐dependent tourism in our society. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Industrial Augmented Reallity Applications (2007)

This chapter explains and illustrates the terminology and the different types of Industrial Augmented Reality (IAR) applications according to their purpose and degree of maturity. Augmented Reality is well on its way to becoming a valuable application tool in industry. Certain stages in research and development are required to get there, namely demonstration systems, prototype systems, and productive systems. We discuss the progress made within these requirements, with illustrating examples, and conclude with some lessons learned while implementing Augmented Reality in an industrial context. The information presented here provides valuable insights into the underlying principles and issues associated with Augmented Reality applications. We hope that this chapter becomes a useful resource for all individuals who research or develop Augmented Reality tools.
A Context-Aware Spontaneous Mobile Social Network (2015)

Context-awareness has become an essential concept in the field of pervasive computing and mobile systems, because of the emerging of online social networks, along with the worldwide diffusion of smartphones. Recent efforts and relevant research regarding mobile social network (MSN) aim at connecting people in smart environments considering not only their social behavior but also their context. In this area, this work presents a novel MSN model and discusses related applications. The main scientific contribution of this model, called Spontaneous Social Network (SSN), is the possibility of creating dynamic social networks based on a combination of multiple context-aware data, including location, profile and data obtained from popular online social networks. We also developed some scenarios to evaluate the proposed model. The results showed the feasibility of the proposed model and some possible applications in a University Campus.
Unusual pox lesions found in Chinese jungle mynahs (<i>Acridotheres cristatellus</i>) (2005)

Pox lesions involving feathered and unfeathered skin, the oral cavity and the uropygial gland were found in Chinese jungle mynahs. Characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions were detected in the proliferative cells of all lesions. Ultrastructurally, the virus particles consisted of a convoluted outer membrane enclosing lateral bodies and a biconcave central core, typical for poxvirus. The nucleotide sequences of the amplicon obtained with a set of primers for the 4b core protein of fowl poxvirus revealed that the mynah poxvirus was phylogenetically related to wood pigeon poxvirus. This is the first report of poxvirus infection affecting the uropygial gland.
Faites vos jeux! Efectos transfronterizos de los tributos regionales sobre el juego (2011)

Utilizando la tecnica de datos de panel, para todas las Comunidades Autonomas y las Ciudades
Autonomas de Ceuta y Melilla, y para el periodo 1999-2009, el presente trabajo estima los ingresos de los
casinos de cada region en funcion de la tributacion del juego en la propia Comunidad Autonoma y en las
Comunidades vecinas. La estimacion realizada no permite verificar la hipotesis de que la tributacion sobre el
juego en una region afecte al juego desarrollado en la misma, pero si que ofrece evidencia de que las
diferencias de tributacion entre una Comunidad y las Comunidades colindantes afectan de forma decisiva a
los ingresos de los casinos en aquella region. Los resultados alcanzados tambien confirman el impacto sobre
los ingresos de los casinos de la existencia de jugadores �tipo�, de la situacion economica y del desarrollo del
juego on-line.
Influence of DPH1 and DPH5 Protein Variants on the Synthesis of Diphthamide, the Target of ADPRibosylating Toxins (2017)

The diphthamide on eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is the target of ADPribosylating toxins and -derivatives that serve as payloads in targeted tumor therapy. Diphthamide is generated by seven DPH proteins; cells deficient in these (DPHko) lack diphthamide and are toxin-resistant. We have established assays to address the functionality of DPH1 (OVCA1) and DPH5 variants listed in dbSNP and cosmic databases: plasmids encoding wildtype and mutant DPHs were transfected into DPHko cells. Supplementation of DPH1 and DPH5 restores diphthamide synthesis and toxin sensitivity in DPH1ko and DPH5ko cells, respectively. Consequently, the determination of the diphthamide status of cells expressing DPH variants differentiates active and compromised proteins. The DPH1 frameshift variant L96fs* (with Nterminal 96 amino acids, truncated thereafter) and two splice isoforms lacking 80 or 140 amino acids at their N-termini failed to restore DPH1ko deficiency. The DPH1 frameshift variant R312fs* retained some residual activity even though it lacks a large C-terminal portion. DPH1 missense variants R27W and S56F retained activity while S221P had reduced activity, indicated by a decreased capability to restore diphthamide synthesis. The DPH5 nonsense or frameshift variants E60*, W136fs* and R207* (containing intact N-termini with truncations after 60, 136 or 207 amino acids, respectively) were inactive: none compensated the deficiency of DPH5ko cells. In contrast, missense variants D57G, G87R, S123C and Q170H as well as the frequently occurring DPH5 isoform delA212 retained activity. Sensitivity to ADP-ribosylating toxins and tumor-targeted immunotoxins depends on diphthamide which, in turn, requires DPH functionality. Because of that, DPH variants (in particular those that are functionally compromised) may serve as a biomarker and correlate with the efficacy of immunotoxin-based therapies.
High-Resolution Side Channels for Untrusted Operating Systems (2017)

Feature-rich mass-market operating systems have large trusted computing bases (TCBs) and a long history of vulnerabilities. Systems like Overshadow, InkTag or Haven attempt to remove the operating system (OS) from the TCB of applications while retaining its functionality. However, the untrusted OS’s control of most physical resources puts it in a much better position to launch side-channel attacks than traditional unprivileged side-channel attackers. Initial attacks focused on the page-fault channel, demonstrating significant information leakage for three legacy applications. We present two new side channels for an untrusted OS which use timer interrupts and cache misses to achieve higher temporal and spatial resolution than the page-fault channel.  We leverage the untrusted OS’s control over hardware to reduce noise in the side channels to enable successful attacks in just a single run of the target. We demonstrate that our side channels enable attacks against new SGX applications such as VC3 that were designed not to trust the OS.  We also show a new attack against libjpeg that extracts images with two orders of magnitude more information than the page-fault channel attack.
Comparison of antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 grown in vitro and in vivo. (1992)

To determine whether antigenic differences exist in Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 grown in different culture conditions, the bacteria was grown on solid enriched medium, in broth culture, and in tissue chambers subcutaneously implanted in the flanks of calves. The organisms obtained by each culture method were comparable with respect to encapsulation and lipopolysaccharide content. In the bacteria grown in vivo, several unique high molecular-mass (greater than 150 kDa) protein antigens were found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein immunoblotting. Bacteria grown in vitro had higher concentrations of a 49- and a 26-kDa protein than the organisms grown in vivo. The concentration of several major proteins (30, 42, 55, 71, and 100 kDa) were similar among the organisms grown by the three cultural conditions. Although the high molecular-mass antigens were unique for the chamber-grown bacteria, they were recognized by serum from a calf that had been vaccinated with formalin-killed, solid medium-grown P haemolytica and were resistant to challenge exposure with the live organism. This recognition of antigens by serum from the P haemolytica-resistant calf that had been vaccinated with solid-medium-grown bacterium, indicates that the high molecular-mass antigens from chamber-grown P haemolytica may be precursors of or share antigenic determinants with other P haemolytica proteins and may not be important for consideration in vaccine formulation.