gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinctive Features of Saccadic Intrusions and Microsaccades in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (2011)

The eyes do not stay perfectly still during attempted fixation; fixational eye movements and saccadic intrusions (SIs) continuously change the position of gaze. The most common type of SI, square-wave jerks (SWJs), consists of saccade pairs that appear purely horizontal on clinical inspection: the first saccade moves the eye away from the fixation target, and after a short interval, the second saccade brings it back toward the target. SWJs are prevalent in certain neurological disorders, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Here, we developed an objective method to identify SWJs. We found that SWJs are more frequent, larger, and more markedly horizontal in PSP patients than in healthy human subjects. Furthermore, the loss of a vertical component in fixational saccades and SWJs was the eye movement feature that best distinguished PSP patients from controls. We moreover determined that, in PSP patients and controls, the larger the saccade the more likely it was part of a SWJ. Furthermore, saccades produced by PSP patients had equivalent properties whether they were part of a SWJ or not, suggesting that normal fixational saccades (microsaccades) are rare in PSP. We propose that fixational saccades and SIs are generated by the same neural circuit and that, both in PSP patients and in controls, SWJs result from a coupling mechanism that generates a second corrective saccade shortly after a large fixation saccade. Because of brainstem and/or cerebellum impairment, fixational saccades in PSP are abnormally large and thus more likely to trigger a corrective saccade, giving rise to SWJs.
A Method for Dynamic Measurement of Lumbar Lordosis (2000)

Trunk flexion-extension is accomplished with pelvic and thoracic rotation in the sagittal plane and a smooth coordination of lumbar vertebral translation and rotation. Several systems exist that measure gross trunk movements, but they typically do not track changes in lumbar arc length or curvature. A method for dynamic measurement of changes in lumbar arc length that uses a lordosimeter is presented. A static validation study of postures showed that the measurements are repeatable and compare favorably with a standard measure of lumbar curvature. In a dynamic validation study of a lifting task with a 23-kg load, the measurement method was highly correlated with thoracic and pelvic angular displacement. A discussion of the utility of this measure in biomechanical modeling is presented. A clinical or field version of the lordosimeter is also described.
Optimal profile descent with 4-D trajectory (2013)

Optimal Profile Descents or Continuous Descent Approaches enable aircraft to descend continuously from cruise altitude to the bottom of descent or an initial approach fix without level path segments. By using idle or near-idle thrust during descent, Optimal Profile Descents provide significant benefits for reducing fuel consumption and engine noise. However, to utilize Optimal Profile Descents without reducing the traffic throughput around an airport, a Required Time of Arrival is usually imposed at a metering waypoint to safely merge incoming traffic. The 4-dimensional trajectory of an Optimal Profile Descent that complies with a Required Time of Arrival is generally constructed in-flight by a Flight Management System, while taking into account up-to-date data for wind and temperature. In addition, path constraints, such as speed and altitude restrictions, are considered in the generation of the 4-dimensional trajectory. This paper presents a design, named as Optimal E∗, to construct the 4-dimensional flight trajectories for Optimal Profile Descents. Optimal E∗ uses a layered method to ensure its computational efficiency so that it can be hosted inside a Flight Management System as an embedded module. The Optimal E∗ design has been tested in a simulation environment and results show significant benefits to airliners or the Air Force in terms of reduced fuel cost and carbon emission. The simulation test results are also presented in this paper.
5133 Theoretical Study on New Mechanism for Converting Rotary Motion into Linear Motion (2006)

We have originated a mechanism for converting rotary motion into linear motion for a linear actuator. This mechanism is composed of a columnar-shaped rod, a holder member supported around the rod that is rotatable relative to the rod, and rollers supported for rotation on the holder member. The rod is comprised of a thread having a predetermined lead angle. The axial angle of each of the rollers relative to the axis of the rod is set to be almost equal to the lead angle of the thread of the rod. Each of the rollers is comprised of annular grooves, which mesh with the thread of the rod. If the holder member is rotated, the rod will move linearly. As the result of a theoretical study on the mechanism, the efficiency of the mechanism is expected to be equal to that of the ball screw mechanism, and its thrust will be larger.
Measurement of depolarization and scaling associated with second-order polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers (1999)

The Muller matrix method enables the low-noise, high-resolution measurement of second-order polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) depolarization and related parameters required for systems modeling. We report experimental observations of second-order PMD statistical dependencies and scaling for fibers with mean differential group delay (DGD) ranging from 1.3 to 17.0 ps. Measurements of 10 different fibers confirm that the depolarization scales with the mean DGD while the polarization-dependent chromatic dispersion scales with the square of the mean DGD.
A New Digital Slope-Aspect Display Process (1990)

Maps displaying variations in slope-aspect across a surface such as the physical landscape are commonly created from digital elevation model data, in the form of regular or irregular surface tesselations. Computed slope-aspect azimuths are normally assigned to the aspect class within which the azimuth falls, and each aspect class is colored differently for map display. Most coloring schemes employ hue differences to create visually distinguishable map classes, and little attention has been given to visually relating aspect to the underlying landform. In this paper, coloring schemes that simulate relief shading while maximizing visual discrimination of individual classes are presented for four- and eight-class slope-aspect maps. Opponent process color theory and a modified version of the cosine illumination law for relief shading are used in concert as the theoretical basis for color selection.
DC-SIGN–mediated Infectious Synapse Formation Enhances X4 HIV-1 Transmission from Dendritic Cells to T Cells (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the early events of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Model systems of HIV sexual transmission have shown that DCs expressing the DC-specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN capture and internalize HIV at mucosal surfaces and efficiently transfer HIV to CD4+ T cells in lymph nodes, where viral replication occurs. Upon DC-T cell clustering, internalized HIV accumulates on the DC side at the contact zone (infectious synapse), between DCs and T cells, whereas HIV receptors and coreceptors are enriched on the T cell side. Viral concentration at the infectious synapse may explain, at least in part, why DC transmission of HIV to T cells is so efficient.Here, we have investigated the role of DC-SIGN on primary DCs in X4 HIV-1 capture and transmission using small interfering RNA-expressing lentiviral vectors to specifically knockdown DC-SIGN. We demonstrate that DC-SIGN- DCs internalize X4 HIV-1 as well as DC-SIGN+ DCs, although binding of virions is reduced. Strikingly, DC-SIGN knockdown in DCs selectively impairs infectious synapse formation between DCs and resting CD4+ T cells, but does not prevent the formation of DC-T cells conjugates. Our results demonstrate that DC-SIGN is required downstream from viral capture for the formation of the infectious synapse between DCs and T cells. These findings provide a novel explanation for the role of DC-SIGN in the transfer and enhancement of HIV infection from DCs to T cells, a crucial step for HIV transmission and pathogenesis.
Low-energy Comminution of Woody Biomass to Create Precision Feedstock Particles (2012)

Under funding from DOE Office of Biomass Programs, engineers at Forest Concepts are working to apply low-energy comminution methods to produce improved biomass particle geometry and sizes optimal for biochemical and thermochemical conversion to liquid transportation fuels. Designs are constrained to concurrently achieve the DOE Uniform Feedstock Format criteria for bulk handling and flowability. The innovative comminution process independently controls shearing of biomass feedstocks parallel to the fiber orientation and cross-grain. Short-length cross grain shearing opens particles to high mass transport and eliminates fiber balls and other materials handling problems typically associated with hammer milling. The process is currently operating routinely at laboratory scale (200 kg/shift) on woody materials at a roundwood to 2mm cubic particle at a specific energy cost of approximately 150 MJ/odMg.
Convergence media service platform for real sense experience (2014)

In this paper, we propose a system and method for processing media in a convergence media service platform, which provide convergence media into which one or more sensory effects have been inserted based on media and user interaction feedback.
Interaction of <i>cis</i>-(6-Benzhydrylpiperidin-3-yl)benzylamine Analogues with Monoamine Transporters:  Structure−Activity Relationship Study of Structurally Constrained 3,6-Disubstituted Piperidine Analogues of (2,2-Diphenylethyl)-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-ylmethyl]amine (2003)

To explore structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a novel conformationally constrained lead cis-3,6-disubstituted piperidine derivative derived from (2,2-diphenylethyl)-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidine-4-ylmethyl]amine (I), a series of compounds was synthesized by derivatizing the exocyclic N-atom at the 3-position of the lead. This study led to the formation of substituted phenyl and heterocyclic derivatives. All novel compounds were tested for their affinity at the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain by measuring their potency in competing for the binding of [3H]WIN 35 428, [3H]citalopram, and [3H]nisoxetine, respectively. Selected compounds were also evaluated for their activity in inhibiting the uptake of [3H]DA. The SAR results demonstrated that the nature of substitutions on the phenyl ring is important in activity at the DAT with the presence of an electron-withdrawing group having the maximum effect on potency. Replacement of the phenyl ring in the benzyl group by heterocyclic moieties resulted in the development of compounds with moderate activity for the DAT. Two most potent racemic compounds were separated by a diastereoisomeric separation procedure, and differential affinities were observed for the enantiomers. Absolute configuration of the enantiomers was obtained unambiguously by X-ray crystal structural study. One of the enantiomers, compound S,S-(-)-19a, exhibited the highest potency for the DAT (IC50 = 11.3 nM) among all the compounds tested and was as potent as GBR 12909 (1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine). However, the compound (-)-19a was more selective than GBR 12909 in binding to the DAT compared with binding to the SERT and NET. The present results establish the newly developed 3,6-disubstituted piperidine derivatives as a novel template for high-affinity inhibitors of DAT. Structurally these molecules are more constrained compared to our earlier flexible piperidine molecules and, thus, should provide more insights about their bioactive conformations.
High-throughput screen detects calcium signaling dysfunction in typical sporadic autism spectrum disorder (2017)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders without any defined uniting pathophysiology. Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling is emerging as a potential node in the genetic architecture of the disorder. We previously reported decreased inositol trisphosphate (IP<sub>3</sub>)-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from the endoplasmic reticulum in several rare monogenic syndromes highly comorbid with autism - fragile X and tuberous sclerosis types 1 and 2 syndromes. We now extend those findings to a cohort of subjects with sporadic ASD without any known mutations. We developed and applied a high throughput Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) assay to monitor agonist-evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in human primary skin fibroblasts. Our results indicate that IP<sub>3</sub> -mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to activation of purinergic receptors is significantly depressed in subjects with sporadic as well as rare syndromic forms of ASD. We propose that deficits in IP<sub>3</sub>-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling represent a convergent hub function shared across the spectrum of autistic disorders - whether caused by rare highly penetrant mutations or sporadic forms - and holds promise as a biomarker for diagnosis and novel drug discovery.
Synthesis and characterization of low viscosity hexafluoroacetylacetonate-based hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (2017)

The properties of low viscosity, hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids featuring transition and rare earth metal hexafluoroacetylacetonate chelated anions paired with the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation are studied.
Enhancement of phosphoprotein analysis using a fluorescent affinity tag and mass spectrometry (2005)

Abstract A fluorescent affinity tag (FAT) was synthesized and was utilized to selectively modify phosphorylated serine and threonine residues via beta‐elimination and Michael addition chemistries in a ‘one‐step’ reaction. This labeling technique was used for covalent modification of both phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides, allowing identification of these molecular species by fluorescence imaging after solution‐ or gel‐based separation methods. In addition to the strong fluorescence of the rhodamine tag, a commercially available antibody can be used to enrich low‐abundance post‐labeled phosphopeptides present in complex mixtures. Application of this methodology to phosphorylation‐site mapping has been evaluated for a phosphoprotein standard, bovine beta‐casein. Initial results demonstrated low femtomole detection limits after fluorescence image analysis of FAT‐labeled proteins or peptides. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A highly-simplified nucleic-acid microfluidic test device based on capillary wicking action for point-of-care diagnostics (2015)

On-chip devices for point-of-care diagnostics are excellent options for rapid and low-cost testing. However, there are not many fully integrated on-chip nucleic-acid tests reported in literature. Here, we propose a palm-sized `chip' in which solid-phase extraction, isothermal enzymatic amplification (LAMP) and real-time fluorescence detection are integrated. The device operates with one moving part; fluid actuation and control is effected by capillary wicking action of absorbent materials, requiring no external pumping or power.
A rapid aerodynamic design procedure based on artificial neural networks (2001)

An aerodynamic design procedure that uses neural networks to model the functional behavior of the objective function in design space has been developed. This method incorporates several improvements to an earlier method that employed a strategy called parameter-based partitioning of the design space in order to reduce the computational costs associated with design optimization. As with the earlier method, the current method uses a sequence of response surfaces to traverse the design space in search of the optimal solution. The new method yields significant reductions in computational costs by using composite response surfaces with better generalization capabilities and by exploiting synergies between the optimization method and the simulation codes used to generate the training data. These reductions in design optimization costs are demonstrated for a turbine airfoil design study where a generic shape is evolved into an optimal airfoil.
Effects of alloy ambient on PdGe contacts on n-type GaAs (1998)

A high concentration of hydrogen in the alloy ambient slows the formation of PdGe contacts and increases the resistance of the PdGe to GaAs etchants. The effects of alloy ambient on alloy formation, specific contact resistance, and chemical reactivity of PdGe contacts on n-type GaAs have been studied. A very low specific contact resistance of &lt;1×10−7 Ω cm2 has been achieved on GaAs with PdGe contacts alloyed at 300 °C for 15 min in a hydrogen ambient. These results indicate that PdGe may be a desirable contact for GaAs-based transistors.
Pharmacological inhibition of Dock5 prevents osteolysis by affecting osteoclast podosome organization while preserving bone formation (2015)

Osteoporosis is caused by excessive activity of bone-degrading osteoclasts over bone-forming osteoblast. Standard antiosteolytic treatments inhibit bone resorption by inducing osteoclast loss, with the adverse effect of hindering also bone formation. Formation of the osteoclast sealing zone requires Dock5, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rac, and C21, a chemical inhibitor of Dock5, decreases bone resorption by cultured osteoclasts. Here we show that C21 directly inhibits the exchange activity of Dock5 and disrupts osteoclast podosome organization. Remarkably, C21 administration protects mice against bone degradation in models recapitulating major osteolytic diseases: menopause, rheumatoid arthritis and bone metastasis. Furthermore, C21 administration does not affect bone formation and is not toxic. Our results validate the pharmacological inhibition of Dock5 as a novel therapeutic route for fighting osteolytic diseases while preserving bone formation.
Molecular Identification of Sex in<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (2016)

Early sex identification of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) at seedling stage is an economically desirable objective, which will significantly increase the profits of seed based cultivation. The utilization of molecular markers at this stage for early and rapid identification of sex is important due to the lack of morphological markers. In this study, a total of two hundred Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers were screened among male and female Date palm plants to identify putative sex-specific marker, out of which only two primers (IS_A02 and IS_A71) were found to be associated with sex. The primer IS_A02 produced a unique band of size 390 bp and was found clearly in all female plants, while it was absent in all male plants. Contrary to this, the primer IS_A71 produced a unique band of size 380 bp and was clearly found in all male plants, whereas it was absent in all the female plants. Subsequently, these specific fragments were excised, purified, and sequenced for the development of sequence specific markers further in future for the implementation on dioecious Date Palm for sex determination. These markers are efficient, highly reliable, and reproducible for sex identification at the early stage of seedling.
Conservative Whole Blood Extended Differential Method. (2007)

Abstract The neutrophilic precursors (excluding bands), blast cells and erythroblasts normally reside in the bone marrow. The presence of any of these precursors as well as atypical/variant lymphocytes in peripheral blood is indicative of a diseased or disordered state. Therefore, it is of clinical importance to identify and enumerate these atypical cell populations. In general, commercial hematology systems do not have the ability to enumerate all of the nucleated atypical cells that are traditionally identified by manual differential. However, the manual differential is labor intensive and can be highly variable between qualified readers resulting in significant cost and quality assurance issues for the laboratory. We have developed a unique fluorescent based Extended Differential method that uses a minimum number of monoclonal antibodies in combination with a cell permeant metachromatic nucleic acid dye to detect circulating atypical cells. Data will be presented comparing the results of this approach with the manual differential. The current study was comprised of 579 clinical samples containing a variety of atypical cell types as determined by morphological examination. Analysis of difference plots comparing the Extended Differential method with the manual differential revealed good agreement between the percent of immature granulocytes (IGs) and the number of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) per 100 white blood cells (WBCs). The same analysis applied to the determination of blast percent exposed a greater frequency of disparate results. These disparate results were further investigated using a comprehensive monoclonal antibody based reference method incorporating a variety of specificities including anti-CD45 and anti-CD34. The data demonstrated that cells classified as atypical/variant lymphocytes or smudge cells by morphological examination were classified as blasts utilizing CD45 and/or CD34 expression with the Extended Differential and flow reference methods. In addition to the difference analyses, the results obtained with manual differential and Extended Differential methods were subjected to Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis in order to determine the overall analytical sensitivity and specificity using a threshold of 1% or greater as the criteria for the presence of atypical cells. The ROC analysis demonstrated areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.9743, 0.9831 and 0.9643 for IGs, blasts and NRBCs, respectively showing good agreement for the presence or absence of the respective atypical cell populations (p &lt; 0.0001).
Parallel soft spherical detection for coded MIMO systems (2006)

A sub-optimum a-posteriori probability (APP) detector is proposed for iterative joint detection/decoding in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system employing an outer code. The proposed detector searches inside a given sphere in a parallel manner to simultaneously find a list of m-best points based on an additive metric. The metric is formed by combining the channel output and the a-priori information. The parallel structure of the proposed method is suitable for hardware parallelization. The radius of the sphere and the value of m are selected according to the channel condition to reduce the complexity. Numerical results are provided showing a significant reduction in the average complexity (for a similar performance and peak complexity) as compared to the best earlier known method. The proposed scheme is applied for the decoding of the rate 2, 4 times 2 MIMO code employed in the 802.16e standard