gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Networks and Multitask Strategies for Semantic Mapping of Natural Language Input to a Structured Database (2018)

In this work, we investigate mapping both natural language food and quantity descriptions to matching USDA database entries. We demonstrate that a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with a softmax layer on top to directly predict the most likely database matches outperforms our previous state-of-the-art approach of learning binary classification and subsequently ranking database entries using similarity scores with the learned embeddings. The softmax model achieves 97.3% top-5 USDA quantity and 91.1 % food recall over the full database, compared to only 70.0% quantity and 46.4% food recall with a sigmoid model, where top-5 recall indicates the percentage of test cases in which the correct quantity or food is in the top-5 hits. Evaluated on 9,600 spoken meals over all foods, the softmax model achieves 91.6% top-5 quantity and 80.1 % food recall. We also explore jointly learning both mappings with a single CNN to boost quantity mapping, and improve food mapping by reranking the food database entries using the predicted quantity matches.
XPERANTO: Publishing Object-Relational Data as XML. (2000)

Since its introduction, XML, the eXtended Markup Language, has quickly emerged as the universal format for publishing and exchanging data in the World Wide Web. As a result, data sources, including object-relational databases, are now faced with a new class of users: clients and customers who would like to deal directly with XML data rather than being forced to deal with the data source’s particular (e.g., object-relational) schema and query language. The goal of the XPERANTO project at the IBM Almaden Research Center is to serve as a middleware layer that supports the publishing of XML data to this class of users. XPERANTO provides a uniform, XML-based query interface over an object-relational database that allows users to query and (re)structure the contents of the database as XML data, ignoring the underlying SQL tables and query language. In this paper, we give an overview of the XPERANTO system prototype, explaining how it translates XML-based queries into SQL requests, receives and then structures the tabular query results, and finally returns XML documents to the system’s users and applications.
Hybrid GaSb/Si swept-wavelength laser sensor technology for next generation wearable healthcare device platform (2019)

Spectral region beyond 1.7 μm is particularly interesting for biomedical spectroscopic sensing applications due to the presence of strong and molecule-specific ro-vibrational overtone and combination absorption bands for a number of important analytes such as glucose, lactate, urea, human serum albumin among others. However, this spectral region has been largely unexplored for applications targeting wearable device technology due to the absence of commercially available semiconductor light source technology. In this work we report on recent progress in developing beyond-stateof-the-art GaSb-based swept-wavelength laser technology as a key building-block of the proposed spectroscopic sensor concept. To demonstrate the capability of the technology, we provide experimental data of in vitro sensing concentrations down to the normal physiological range and beyond for glucose, lactates, urea and bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, we provide initial experimental evidence of non-invasive in vivo sensing experiment with extracted absorbance signature of human serum albumin collected from the wrist and demonstrate a clear path towards sensing other analytes. Finally, to demonstrate the full potential of the spectroscopic sensor technology for the wearable device market, we present results of our initial effort to realize a complete spectroscopic sensor system-on-a-chip based on hybrid GaSb/Si material platform and manufactured using conventional 200 mm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology process in a commercial high-volume foundry.
A computation-distortion optimized framework for efficient DCT-based video coding (2001)

The rapidly expanding field of multimedia communications has fueled significant research and development work in the area of real-time video encoding. Dedicated hardware solutions have reached maturity and cost-efficient hardware encoders are being developed by several manufacturers. However, software solutions based on a general purpose processor or a programmable digital signal processor (DSP) have significant merits. Toward this objective, we have developed a flexible framework for video encoding that yields very good computation-performance tradeoffs. The proposed framework consists of a set of optimized core components: motion estimation (ME), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), quantization, and mode selection. Each of the components can be configured to achieve a desired computation-performance tradeoff. The components can be assembled to obtain encoders with varying degrees of computational complexity. Computation control has been implemented within the proposed framework to allow the resulting algorithms to adapt to the available computational resources. The proposed framework was applied to MPEG-2 and H.263 encoding using Intel's Pentium/MMX desktop processor. Excellent speed-performance tradeoffs were obtained.
Development of high power CO<sub>2</sub> laser welding process (2001)

A deep penetration CO 2 laser welding process has been developed as a low heat input, high efficiency fabrication route for advanced structural steels. To improve fundamental understanding of the process and facilitate the elimination of welding defects, the laser–plasma interaction has been characterised using a power probe, infrared spectroscopy, and high speed photography of monochlomatic images. The extent of the laser induced plasma was found to increase on raising the laser beam focal point from below the surface to the surface position. Plasma absorptivity was strongly affected by plasma composition, and hence by vapour generated by inhomogeneous melting of the keyhole wall; this effect exerts an important influence on keyhole instability. Variation in the keyhole wall profile as a result of inhomogeneous melting has been found to lead to porosity through the generation of bubbles that fail to escape from the weld pool. It is shown that appropriate pulse modulation of the laser beam can improve keyhole stability, thereby greatly reducing porosity in the welded joint.
Associative Arrays: Unified Mathematics for Spreadsheets, Databases, Matrices, and Graphs (2015)

Data processing systems impose multiple views on data as it is processed by the system. These views include spreadsheets, databases, matrices, and graphs. The common theme amongst these views is the need to store and operate on data as whole sets instead of as individual data elements. This work describes a common mathematical representation of these data sets (associative arrays) that applies across a wide range of applications and technologies. Associative arrays unify and simplify these different approaches for representing and manipulating data into common two-dimensional view of data. Specifically, associative arrays (1) reduce the effort required to pass data between steps in a data processing system, (2) allow steps to be interchanged with full confidence that the results will be unchanged, and (3) make it possible to recognize when steps can be simplified or eliminated. Most database system naturally support associative arrays via their tabular interfaces. The D4M implementation of associative arrays uses this feature to provide a common interface across SQL, NoSQL, and NewSQL databases.
Recent Advances in Spin Torque MRAM (2012)

The switching current of Spin Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) can be reduced significantly by using perpendicularly magnetized materials. The Ta|CoFeB|MgO system provides both high tunneling magnetoresistance and perpendicular anisotropy. Using this materials system we have demonstrated basic write functionality in fully integrated Spin Torque MRAM arrays. Here, we further demonstrate device scaling down to 20 nm diameter, opening up the possibility of ultra-dense Spin Torque MRAM.
Functions of the two glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in the retina (1998)

In the retina, the glutamate transporter GLAST is expressed in Müller cells, whereas the glutamate transporter GLT-1 is found only in cones and various types of bipolar cells. To investigate the functional role of this differential distribution of glutamate transporters, we have analyzed GLAST and GLT-1 mutant mice. In GLAST-deficient mice, the electroretinogram b-wave and oscillatory potentials are reduced and retinal damage after ischemia is exacerbated, whereas GLT-1-deficient mice show almost normal electroretinograms and mild increased retinal damage after ischemia. These results demonstrate that GLAST is required for normal signal transmission between photoreceptors and bipolar cells and that both GLAST and GLT-1 play a neuroprotective role during ischemia in the retina.
Wheat Growth Monitoring and Yield Estimation based on Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2020)

Leaf area index (LAI) and leaf dry matter (LDM) are important indices of crop growth. Real-time, nondestructive monitoring of crop growth is instructive for the diagnosis of crop growth and prediction of grain yield. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing is widely used in precision agriculture due to its unique advantages in flexibility and resolution. This study was carried out on wheat trials treated with different nitrogen levels and seeding densities in three regions of Jiangsu Province in 2018–2019. Canopy spectral images were collected by the UAV equipped with a multi-spectral camera during key wheat growth stages. To verify the results of the UAV images, the LAI, LDM, and yield data were obtained by destructive sampling. We extracted the wheat canopy reflectance and selected the best vegetation index for monitoring growth and predicting yield. Simple linear regression (LR), multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF) modeling methods were used to construct a model for wheat yield estimation. The results show that the multi-spectral camera mounted on the multi-rotor UAV has a broad application prospect in crop growth index monitoring and yield estimation. The vegetation index combined with the red edge band and the near-infrared band was significantly correlated with LAI and LDM. Machine learning methods (i.e., PLSR, ANN, and RF) performed better for predicting wheat yield. The RF model constructed by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at the jointing stage, heading stage, flowering stage, and filling stage was the optimal wheat yield estimation model in this study, with an R2 of 0.78 and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 0.1030. The results provide a theoretical basis for monitoring crop growth with a multi-rotor UAV platform and explore a technical method for improving the precision of yield estimation.
A synthetic peptide analogue of a determinant of type II collagen prevents the onset of collagen-induced arthritis (1993)

The immunization of genetically susceptible strains of mice with type II collagen (CII) elicits a collagen-induced arthritis that resembles rheumatoid arthritis. Our laboratory previously identified a region of CII, CII-245-270, that contains a T cell epitope that is prominent in the immune response to CII. Residues critical to the I-Aq-restricted presentation of this determinant have been characterized. To produce synthetic peptides with the potential of disrupting I-Aq-restricted Ag presentation, synthetic analogue peptides were developed that contain site-directed substitutions in critical positions. One analogue peptide was found to be an efficient competitor for binding to I-Aq and to be capable of inhibiting T cell responses in vitro. When DBA/1 mice were coimmunized with CII and the analogue peptide, the incidence and severity of arthritis were greatly reduced, concordant with the humoral immune responses to CII.
Electroplating of Thick and Ductile Palladium‐nickel Alloys (1991)

Electroplating of palladium‐nickel alloy is becoming widely used, mainly for interconnection applications in the electronics industry and for decorative purposes. Enhanced hardness and brightness combined with superior wear properties compared with hard gold deposits make this alloy desirable in many applications. Like pure palladium, palladium‐nickel is frequently covered with a thin layer of hard gold to improve contact reliability; this results in a much less expensive and longer‐lasting contact material than hard gold on its own. In response to the growing demand, the authors have developed a palladium‐nickel alloy electroplating process that can plate alloys of varying composition (10–50 w % Ni) at current densities ranging from <5 mA/cm to >500 mA/cm. This process produces specular, hard and ductile deposits up to a thickness of ‐25 ?m. The new palladium‐nickel alloy electroplating process is described with regard to its chemistry, operating conditions, bath maintenance and regeneration, diagnostic measures, and properties of the electrodeposits.
Joining of Dissimilar Materials by the Cold Spray Process (2015)

Abstract This paper presents a concept to develop a practical method to join dissimilar materials by the cold spray process currently not possible with conventional technologies. The novel aspect of the process includes the development of a joint design using cold spray as the enabling technology to join dissimilar materials. The emphasis in this study will be on the method used in the joining of cast ZE41A-T5 magnesium and wrought 6061 aluminum by the cold spray process (CSP) in combination with friction-stir welding (FSW) and the subsequent materials characterization. Microstructural analysis by electron and optical microscopy, along with mechanical test results will be presented. Comparisons will be made to conventional joining techniques and the importance, as well as the applications of this technique, will be discussed.
A Novel Dual-targeted Lentiviral Vector Leads to Specific Transduction of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases In Vivo After Systemic Administration (2007)

Targeted gene transduction to organs and tissues of interest is the ultimate goal of therapeutic gene delivery. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are powerful tools for stable gene delivery but their integration into undesired cell types poses a serious safety concern for their use in the clinic. Here we report the development of a new dual-targeted LV that can preferentially home to and express in prostate cancer bone metastases in vivo after systemic delivery. Transductional targeting is mediated by a modified Sindbis virus envelope that interacts with the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) expressed by prostate cancer cells, and transcriptional targeting is mediated by a prostate cell specific promoter. Homing to prostate tumors was achieved in 70% of the animals. Importantly, tumors could be detected in some cases by molecular imaging prior to X-ray detection. The dual-targeted vector presents enhanced specificity with respect to individual transcriptional or transductional targeted vectors. Transgene expression in the liver was 190 times lower than the expression associated with solely transductionally targeted vectors, and there was 12 times less vector DNA than the amount present with solely transcriptionally targeted vectors. The LV presented here is a powerful tool for obtaining stable and site-specific gene expression and can be easily modified for its use in other diseases.
Perovskite hybrid solar cells with a fullerene derivative electron extraction layer (2017)

The performance of perovskite solar cells is enhanced through pyridine-modified PC<sub>61</sub>BM as an electron extraction layer.
Automated Generation of Optimally Directed Three Dimensional Component Layouts (1993)

Abstract This research introduces a novel approach towards automating the generation of three dimensional component layouts. Three dimensional component layout tasks are typically highly combinatorial, and exhibit objective function spaces that can be nonlinear and/or discontinuous due to discrete allowable locations for component placement. We present an approach to the three dimensional component layout problem that employs shape annealing, a design generation technique combining concepts from shape grammars and simulated annealing, to produce optimally directed designs. The shape annealing paradigm sacrifices global optimality in exchange for the ability to find good designs in a reasonable amount of time, given very large, ill-behaved objective function spaces.
Polarization diversity detection for fiber interferometers using active feedback control of output polarization-mode selection (1990)

The application of an adaptive polarization diversity detection technique in an interferometric fiber sensor system is described. The approach utilizes feedback control of the polarization modes selected at the sensor output and produces the optimum level of total interference signal while allowing the states of polarization of the light in the signal and reference arms of the interferometer to vary randomly.
Corrosion behaviour of Mg-Alloy AZ91E with atypical alloying additions (2007)

Abstract Magnesium alloys are the lightest of all the structural metals with good strength/weight ratio and castability, however their application continues to be severely limited by relatively poor resistance to corrosion. Unlike most passivating metallic materials which develop their own protective surface oxide, magnesium suffers continued dissolution in neutral chloride solutions. AZ91E is a widely used magnesium-based alloy, which exhibits a balance between mechanical properties and moderate corrosion resistance; this work explores the affect of atypical alloying additions on the corrosion behaviour of this alloy. Results are presented in the form of a survey, along with an ensuing discussion of electrochemical test results and microscopy. It is noted that several elements are beneficial in improving corrosion resistance of AZ91E, while others accelerate corrosion rather dramatically.
Microwave-Assisted Formalin Fixation of Fresh Tissue (2001)

Over the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in reducing the turnaround time required to preserve and process specimens into paraffin blocks for sectioning, and subsequent evaluation by light microscopy (LM) for surgical pathology (PATH) or research (Login, 1978; Leong, 1991, Leong, 1993, Leong, 1994; Hopwood, 1993; Boon et al., 1986; Kok and Boon, 1990a; Battifora, 1999; Ruijter et al., 1997; Gamble, 1998). Tissue samples are typically placed in plastic cassettes for all processing steps. Equipment has been on the market for a number of years to facilitate rapid processing. Processing, after sample preservation, is done either by automatic tissue processors (Leong, 1991, Leong, 1993, Leong, 1994; Hopwood, 1993; Gamble, 1998; Battifora, 1999) or by microwave (MW)-assisted processing (Boon et al., 1986; Kok and Boon, 1992, Kok and Boon, 1996, Kok and Boon, 1997; Crowder and Giberson, 1998). Either process cycles the tissue cassettes, after preservation, through dehydration (usually a graded series of ethanol), intermedium (usually xylene, isopropanol, chloroform, or other xylene substitute), and molten paraffin. MW-assisted methods are generally considered to result in quicker turnaround times (Boon et al., 1986; Kok and Boon, 1992; Crowder and Giberson, 1998) than those obtained with automated processors (Leong, 1991, Leong, 1994; Kok and Boon, 1992).
Low Modulus Dry Silicone-Gel Materials by Photoinduced Thiol–Ene Chemistry (2014)

The curing behavior of telechelic vinyl-functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-propylmercaptomethylsiloxane) using photoinitiated radical thiol–ene polyaddition was studied, by means of rheology, mechanical analysis of the cured elastomeric products, and high resolution magic angle spinning NMR (HR-MAS). Postpolymerization modification of a hydroxy-functionalized PDMS-derivative (OH-PDMS) yielded a telechelic thiol-functionalized PDMS-derivative, which was subsequently used as chain extender for the preparation of dry silicone-gel materials with elastic moduli between 30 and 500 kPa. The rate of thiol–ene polyaddition of the chain extender proved to be similar to that of the cross-linking process using multifunctional PDMS-based thiols. HR-MAS analysis of the loosely cross-linked thiol–ene PDMS networks and their fluoride-solubilized counterparts proved a highly efficient cross-linking with an optimal cure at 1:1 thiol to ene stoichiometric ratios. Using mechanical analysis, it was shown that the low molecular weight thiol-functionalized chain extender was efficiently incorporated in the PDMS polymer network.
Aligned graphene nanoribbons and crossbars from unzipped carbon nanotubes (2010)

Aligned graphene nanoribbon (GNR) arrays have been made by unzipping of aligned single-walled and few-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Nanotube unzipping was achieved by a polymer-protected Ar plasma etching method, and the resulting nanoribbon array can be transferred onto any chosen substrate. Atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging and Raman mapping on the same CNTs before and after unzipping confirmed that ˜80% of CNTs were opened up to form single layer sub-10 nm GNRs. Electrical devices made from the GNRs (after annealing in H2 at high temperature) showed on/off current (I on/I off) ratios up to 103 at room temperature, suggesting the semiconducting nature of the narrow GNRs. Novel GNR-GNR and GNR-CNT crossbars were fabricated by transferring GNR arrays across GNR and CNT arrays, respectively. The production of such ordered graphene nanoribbon architectures may allow for large scale integration of GNRs into nanoelectronics or optoelectronics.
Dynamic step-size power control in UMTS (2003)

We propose a novel dynamic stepsize power control method to improve the performance of UMTS/WCDMA cellular systems. The proposed method utilizes dynamic step-size power control commands, received SIR/power, and mobile handset location assistance data. Furthermore, dynamic inter-operation between the power control, admission control, and handoff control is evolved to improve the convergence of the proposed power control mechanism. Based on the output of this interoperability, a multi-step transmit power edge setting is proposed. Finally, the performance of the proposed method has been evaluated by extensive simulations.
Long-lasting Insulin Treatment Via a Single Subcutaneous Administration of Liposomes in Thermoreversible Pluronic® F127 Based Hydrogel (2017)

Obtained results show that the insulin-loaded liposomes dispersed within Pluronic® F127 gel can be used as a long-acting drug delivery system, and replacement for conventional insulin therapy.