gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and purification of an Fc.epsilon. receptor activated ion channel from the rat mast cell line RBL-2H3 (1988)

Derivatives of the antiallergic drug cromolyn [disodium 5,5'-[(2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl)-bis(oxy)]bis [4-oxo-(4H-1-benzopyran)-2- carboxylate]], which can be conjugated covalently at the propane 2-position to macromolecules and to insoluble matrices, were synthesized. Conjugates of these derivatives with macromolecules were examined for their binding to cells of the rat basophilic leukemia line RBL-2H3, which is widely employed as a model for immunologically induced mast cell degranulation. Only those drug-protein conjugates in which the cromolyn analogue with an amino group at the propane 2-carbon instead of the hydroxyl was linked to the carrier by glutaraldehyde were found to exhibit specific and saturable binding to these cells. Analysis of the binding data for these conjugates yielded an apparent binding constant of 3.8 +/- 0.2 X 10(8) M-1 and an apparent number of binding sites for the probe of 4000-8000 per cell. The conjugates found to bind specifically to the cells were also immobilized on agarose matrices and employed in an affinity-based isolation of the membrane component responsible for the observed binding. A single labeled polypeptide was eluted from these columns, onto which either whole cell lysates or solubilized purified plasma membranes of surface-radioiodinated RBL-2H3 cells had been adsorbed. This membrane protein appears on autoradiograms of nonreducing SDS-PAGE as a single broad band of approximately 110,000 daltons (Da) apparent molecular mass. On autoradiograms of reducing gels, the only band detected has an apparent mass of approximately 50,000 Da and appears narrower. Elution of the columns with the drug and disulfide-reducing agents or with the latter alone resulted in significantly higher yields of the 50-kDa polypeptide. Both the intact and reduced proteins bind strongly to immobilized concanavalin A and less so to immobilized wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting that the isolated intact protein is probably a dimer of two glycosylated subunits of similar molecular mass. Treatment of the reduced protein with endoglycosidase F leads to a decrease in its apparent molecular mass by approximately 12 kDa, suggesting that the extent of glycosylation of this polypeptide is approximately 25%. As shown in the following paper, the intact protein constitutes a Ca2+ channel that is activated upon IgE-Fc epsilon receptor aggregation.
MPEG Immersive Video Coding Standard (2021)

This article introduces the ISO/IEC MPEG Immersive Video (MIV) standard, MPEG-I Part 12, which is undergoing standardization. The draft MIV standard provides support for viewing immersive volumetric content captured by multiple cameras with six degrees of freedom (6DoF) within a viewing space that is determined by the camera arrangement in the capture rig. The bitstream format and decoding processes of the draft specification along with aspects of the Test Model for Immersive Video (TMIV) reference software encoder, decoder, and renderer are described. The use cases, test conditions, quality assessment methods, and experimental results are provided. In the TMIV, multiple texture and geometry views are coded as atlases of patches using a legacy 2-D video codec, while optimizing for bitrate, pixel rate, and quality. The design of the bitstream format and decoder is based on the visual volumetric video-based coding (V3C) and video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC) standard, MPEG-I Part 5.
Bio‐Inspired Band‐Gap Tunable Elastic Optical Multilayer Fibers (2013)

The concentrically-layered photonic structure found in the tropical fruit Margaritaria nobilis serves as inspiration for photonic fibers with mechanically tunable band-gap. The fibers show the spectral filtering capabilities of a planar Bragg stack while the microscopic curvature decreases the strong directional chromaticity associated with flat multilayers. Elongation of the elastic fibers results in a shift of the reflection of over 200 nm.
Leaching of Iron-Containing Copper-Nickel Matte at Atmospheric Pressure (1979)

AbstractAbstractTechnology is developed and demonstrated at plant scale 'for leaching high iron (>0.5 %) Ni-Cu matte with spent copper sulfate tankhouse electrolyte at atmospheric pressure to solubilize over half of the matte's nickel values while maintaining near complete rejection of the electrolyte's acid, copper and iron content. The higher the ratio of acid-to-copper in the electrolyte feed, the easier copper is to reject; nickel extraction is maximized. The reverse is true with regard to iron precipitation. When sulfur content of the matte is decreased, copper rejection accelerates; iron removal becomes more difficult. High reaction temperature (90°C) retards iron rejection; low temperature facilitates iron rejection. Copper behaves in the opposite manner. Résumé On a développé et mis à l'épreuve en usine une technique de lixiviation d'une matte de nickel-cuivre a haute teneur en fer (>0.5%); on utilise à cette fin le résidu industriel de l'électrolyse d'une solution de sulfate de cuivre. La lixiviation se fait à la pression atmosphérique, et on peut dissoudre plus de 50% du nickel, tout en rejetant la presque totalité de l'acide, du cuivre et du fer. L'emploi d'une solution à proportion acide sulfurique/cuivre élevée facilite le rejet du cuivre; on obtient aussi dans ce cas une extraction de nickel maximale; le contraire est vrai, pour ce qui est du fer. Lorsque la matte contient moins de soufre, le rejet du cuivre est accélére, mais la précipitation du fer est plus difficile.Une température de réaction élevée (90°C) retarde le rejet du fer, tandis qu'une basse température de réaction l'accélère; le contraire est vrai pour le cuivre.
Block-based Static Timing Analysis with Uncertainty (2003)

Static timing analysis is a critical step in design of any digital integrated circuit. Technology and design trends have led to significant increase in environmental and process variations which need to be incorporated in static timing analysis. This paper presents a new, efficient and accurate block-based static timing analysis technique considering uncertainty. This new method is more efficient as its models arrival times as cumulative density functions (CDFs) and delays as probability functions (PDFs). Computationally simple expression are presented for basic static timing operations. The techniques are valid for any form of the probability distribution, though the use piecewise linear modeling of CDFs is highlighted in this paper. Reconvergent fanouts are handled using a new technique that avoids path tracing. Variable accuracy timing analysis can be performed by varying the modeling accuracy of the piecewise linear model. Regular and statistical timing on different parts of the circuit can be incorporated into a single timing analysis run. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated for various ISCAS benchmark circuits.
Tactile Touch Plate with Variable Boundary Conditions (2008)

The touch screen device is becoming more and more widespread because it is a very user friendly human/machine interface. In acoustic domains, several approaches are used to realize such a device. Triangulation or Rayleigh waves absorption are such classical methods. However, these approaches are limited because they need a large number of sensors and are only applicable to plates of constant thickness and homogeneous materials. To remedy these limitations, a new approach is proposed using only two sensors. In this approach, one sensor is used to excite the plate, either continuously or impulsively. The second sensor is used to detect the acoustic waves generated in the plate. When an object comes into contact with the plate, some acoustic wave characteristics change. These changes affect different frequencies and depend on the position of the contact point. Comparing these changes with pre-recorded values, it is possible to achieve a tactile touch plate that only responds to specific touch locations. Several experiments with different types of plates were conducted and the results will be presented.
A Novel Thermoreversible Gelling Product Made by Enzymatic Modification of Starch (2005)

No abstracts.
Propellant-Flow-Actuated Rocket Engine Igniter (2013)

A rocket engine igniter has been created that uses a pneumatically driven hammer that, by specialized geometry, is induced into an oscillatory state that can be used to either repeatedly impact a piezoelectric crystal with sufficient force to generate a spark capable of initiating combustion, or can be used with any other system capable of generating a spark from direct oscillatory motion. This innovation uses the energy of flowing gaseous propellant, which by means of pressure differentials and kinetic motion, causes a hammer object to oscillate. The concept works by mass flows being induced through orifices on both sides of a cylindrical tube with one or more vent paths. As the mass flow enters the chamber, the pressure differential is caused because the hammer object is supplied with flow on one side and the other side is opened with access to the vent path. The object then crosses the vent opening and begins to slow because the pressure differential across the ball reverses due to the geometry in the tube. Eventually, the object stops because of the increasing pressure differential on the object until all of the kinetic energy has been transferred to the gas via compression. This is the point where the object reverses direction because of the pressure differential. This behavior excites a piezoelectric crystal via direct impact from the hammer object. The hammer strikes a piezoelectric crystal, then reverses direction, and the resultant high voltage created from the crystal is transferred via an electrode to a spark gap in the ignition zone, thereby providing a spark to ignite the engine. Magnets, or other retention methods, might be employed to favorably position the hammer object prior to start, but are not necessary to maintain the oscillatory behavior. Various manifestations of the igniter have been developed and tested to improve device efficiency, and some improved designs are capable of operation at gas flow rates of a fraction of a gram per second (0.001 lb/s) and pressure drops on the order of 30 to 50 kilopascal (a few psi). An analytical model has been created and tested in conjunction with a precisely calibrated reference model. The analytical model accurately captures the overall behavior of this innovation. The model is a simple "volume-orifice" concept, with each chamber considered a single temperature and pressure "node" connected to adjacent nodes, or to vent paths through flow control orifices. Mass and energy balances are applied to each node, with gas flow predicted using simple compressible flow equations.
Orbital-Angular-Momentum-Based Reconfigurable and “Lossless” Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing of Multiple 100-Gbit/s Channels (2013)

We propose reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexing in a data link using orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode division multiplexing. Adding/dropping of one OAM mode from three multiplexed OAM modes, each carrying 100 Gbit/s QPSK data is demonstrated, with an OSNR penalty of < 2dB.
Activation of ferrierite and conversion of hydrocarbons therewith. [zeolite catalyst preparation for catalytic cracking] (1977)

Ferrierite ore is activated for normal paraffin conversion by exchanging with the ammonium ion, heating in air at a temperature from about 775/sup 0/F to about 1000/sup 0/F and exchanging again with the ammonium ion. Activation of ammonium ferrierite for conversion of branched paraffins is accomplished (1) by treatment with HF or (2) by heating in steam at a temperature within the above range, followed by exchange with ammonium ion. Ferrierite ore per se may be treated with HF, but to complete activation for conversion of branched paraffins, the HF treated ore must be exchanged with the ammonium ion.
Fractional-length sync-pumped degenerate optical parametric oscillator for 500-MHz 3-μm mid-infrared frequency comb generation (2014)

We demonstrate a mid-IR frequency comb centered at 3120 nm with 650-nm (20-THz) bandwidth at a comb-teeth spacing of 500 MHz. The generated comb is based on a compact ring-type synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) operating at degeneracy and pumped by a mode-locked Er-doped 1560 nm fiber laser at a repetition rate of 100 MHz. We achieve high-repetition rate by using a fractional-length cavity with a roundtrip length of 60 cm, which is one-fifth of the length dictated by conventional synchronous pumping.
Strong Sintered Miserite Glass‐Ceramics (1999)

Strong and tough glass‐ceramic materials based on the complex chain silicate miserite (KCa 5 open square(Si 2 O 7 )(Si 6 O 15 )F) have been prepared using standard frit sintering and internal nucleation processes. The miserite may be accompanied by crystals of fluorite, cristobalite, xonotlite, a canasite‐like phase, and fluorapatite. The highly crystalline glass‐ceramics have a microstructure composed primarily of interlocked, lath‐ or log‐shaped miserite crystals with pronounced cleavage planes. This microstructure provides abraded flexural strength values as high as 235 MPa (34 000 psi) and fracture toughness values >3.0 MPa·m 1/2 . These strength and toughness values are quite high for a glass‐derived material. Miserite glass‐ceramics may be useful for many applications in which such strength and toughness are desired.
InGaP/InGaAsN/GaAs <i>NpN</i> double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (2000)

We have demonstrated a functional NpN double-heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) using InGaAsN for the base layer. The InGaP/In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01/GaAs DHBT has a low VON of 0.81 V, which is 0.13 V lower than in a InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). The lower turn-on voltage is attributed to the smaller band gap (1.20 eV) of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown In0.03Ga0.97As0.99N0.01 base layer. GaAs is used for the collector; thus the breakdown voltage (BVCEO) is 10 V, consistent with the BVCEO of InGaP/GaAs HBTs of comparable collector thickness and doping level. To alleviate the current blocking phenomenon caused by the larger conduction band discontinuity between InGaAsN and GaAs, a graded InGaAs layer with δ doping is inserted at the base–collector junction. The improved device has a peak current gain of seven with ideal current–voltage characteristics.
An Approach to Measure Security of Cloud Hosted Application (2013)

Recent time has seen rampant proliferation in the cloud services. However cloud services characteristics has also increased opportunities for attacks on data and applications hosted in the cloud. Unsecure practices at technical or/and at operational level by cloud service providers (CSP), dependency on web based service delivery and cloud technology related vulnerabilities could lead to application and data compromise. These threat scenarios require cloud customer to look for more transparency and controls. SLA's and contracts do not provide technical and measurable method to find the security control status of cloud hosted application/data. In this paper,we propose an approach and system for security measurement, which can help cloud customers to have realistic view of their application/data security posture in the cloud environment.
Electrochemical cell and negative electrode therefor. [Li-Al anode] (1981)

A secondary electrochemical cell is described with the positive and negative electrodes separated by a molten salt electrolyte with the negative electrode comprising a particulate mixture of lithium-aluminum alloy and electrolyte and an additive selected from graphitized carbon, Raney iron or mixtures thereof. The lithium-aluminum alloy is present in the range of from about 45 to about 80% by volume of the negative electrode, and the electrolyte is present in an amount not less than about 10% by volume of the negative electrode. The additive of graphitized carbon is present in the range of from about 1 to about 10% by volume of the negative electrode, and the Raney iron additive is present in the range of from about 3 to about 10% by volume of the negative electrode.
Imaging multicellular specimens with real-time optimized tiling light-sheet selective plane illumination microscopy (2016)

Despite the progress made in selective plane illumination microscopy, high-resolution 3D live imaging of multicellular specimens remains challenging. Tiling light-sheet selective plane illumination microscopy (TLS-SPIM) with real-time light-sheet optimization was developed to respond to the challenge. It improves the 3D imaging ability of SPIM in resolving complex structures and optimizes SPIM live imaging performance by using a real-time adjustable tiling light sheet and creating a flexible compromise between spatial and temporal resolution. We demonstrate the 3D live imaging ability of TLS-SPIM by imaging cellular and subcellular behaviours in live C. elegans and zebrafish embryos, and show how TLS-SPIM can facilitate cell biology research in multicellular specimens by studying left-right symmetry breaking behaviour of C. elegans embryos.
Experimental Wave Generation and Cancellation With a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter (2011)

We investigate a lift based wave energy converter (WEC), namely, a cycloidal turbine, as a wave termination device. A cycloidal turbine employs the same geometry as the well established Cycloidal or Voith-Schneider Propeller. The main shaft is aligned parallel to the wave crests and fully submerged at a fixed depth. We show that the geometry of the Cycloidal WEC is suitable for single sided wave generation as well as wave termination of straight crested waves using feedback control.The cycloidal WEC consists of a shaft and one or more hydrofoils that are attached eccentrically to the main shaft. An experimental investigation into the wave generation capabilities of the WEC are presented in this paper, along with initial wave cancellation results for deep water waves. The experiments are conducted in a small 2D wave flume equipped with a flap type wave maker as well as a 1:4 sloped beach. The operation of the Cycloidal WEC both as a wave generator as well as a wave energy converter interacting with a linear Airy wave is demonstrated. The influence that design parameters radius and submergence depth on the performance of the WEC have is shown. For wave cancellation, the incoming wave is reduced in amplitude by ≈ 80% in these experiments. In this case wave termination efficiencies of up to 95% of the incoming wave energy with neglegible harmonic waves generated are achieved by synchronizing the rotational rate and phase of the Cycloidal WEC to the incoming wave.
Periodic, pseudonoise waveforms for multifunction coherent ladar (2010)

We report the use of periodic, pseudonoise waveforms in a multifunction coherent ladar system. We exploit the Doppler sensitivity of these waveforms, as well as agile processing, to enable diverse ladar functions, including high range resolution imaging, macro-Doppler imaging, synthetic aperture ladar, and range-resolved micro-Doppler imaging. We present analytic expressions and simulations demonstrating the utility of pseudonoise waveforms for each of the ladar modes. We also discuss a laboratory pseudonoise ladar system that was developed to demonstrate range compression and range-resolved micro-Doppler imaging, as well as the phase recovery common to each of the coherent modes.
A functional genomics screen identifies diverse transcription factors that regulate alkaloid biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana (2010)

Biosynthesis of the alkaloid nicotine in Nicotiana species is induced by insect damage and jasmonate application. To probe the transcriptional regulation of the nicotine pathway, we constructed two subtracted cDNA libraries from methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated Nicotiana benthamiana roots directly in a viral vector suitable for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Sequencing of cDNA inserts produced a data set of 3271 expressed sequence tags (ESTs; 1898 unigenes), which were enriched in jasmonate-responsive genes, and included 69 putative transcription factors (TFs). After a VIGS screen to determine their effect on nicotine metabolism, six TFs from three different TF families altered constitutive and MeJA-induced leaf nicotine levels. VIGS of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF, NbbHLH3, and an auxin response factor TF, NbARF1, increased nicotine content compared with control plants; silencing the bHLH family members, NbbHLH1 and NbbHLH2, an ethylene response factor TF, NbERF1, and a homeobox domain-like TF, NbHB1, reduced nicotine levels. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants overexpressing NbbHLH1 or NbbHLH2 showed increased leaf nicotine levels compared with vector controls. RNAi silencing led to both reduced nicotine and decreased levels of transcript encoding of enzymes of the nicotine pathway. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that recombinant NbbHLH1 and NbbHLH2 directly bind G-box elements identified from the putrescine N-methyltransferase promoter. We conclude that NbbHLH1 and NbbHLH2 function as positive regulators in the jasmonate activation of nicotine biosynthesis.
Simple, low-cost, portable corneal fluorometer for detection of the level of diabetic retinopathy (1998)

A simple, low-cost, portable instrument for measurement of the autofluorescence of the human cornea is presented. Corneal autofluorescence has proved to be strongly correlated with the grade of retinopathy in diabetic patients. It is therefore a reliable parameter for detection of different levels of diabetic retinopathy, thus permitting timely intervention by ophthalmologists. The instrument contains custom optics and electronics and exhibits excellent linearity and repeatability both in vitro and in vivo. Preliminary tests on volunteers show promise for its use in clinical practice.
Modelling of road surface temperature from a geographical parameter database. Part 2: Numerical (2001)

Abstract A new ice prediction strategy is presented based on the numerical modelling of surveyed geographical parameters. This approach enables the thermal projection of road surface temperatures across the road network entirely by model predictions and without the need for thermal maps. The influence of eight geographical parameters (latitude, altitude, sky‐view factor, screening, roughness length, road construction, traffic density and topography) is investigated by means of sensitivity analyses. The sky‐view factor is highlighted as the dominant control on road surface temperature, particularly at high levels of atmospheric stability. A numerical road weather model incorporating all eight parameters was run over 20 nights using forecast and retrospective meteorological data. The model has the ability to explain up to 72% of the variation in road surface temperature purely by thermally projecting surface temperature using geographical variables. Retrospective results produce an average r.m.s. error of $1\ ^{\circ}\hbox{C}$ which is comparable to existing UK road weather models. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society