gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Location Privacy in Location-Based Services: Beyond TTP-based Schemes. (2008)

Abstract. Location-Based Services (LBS) are gaining importance due to the advances in mobile networks and positioning technologies. Nevertheless, the wide deployment of LBS can jeopardise the privacy of their users, so ensuring user privacy is paramount to the success of those services. This article surveys the most relevant techniques for guaranteeing location privacy to LBS users. The rigid dichotomy between schemes which rely on Trusted Third Parties (TTP-based) and those which do not (TTP-free) is emphasised. Also, the convenience of both approaches is discussed and some ideas on the future of location privacy in these services are sketched. Keywords: Anonymisation/pseudonymisation in LBS, Trust management in LBS.
Repeated Cycles of Recombinant Human Interleukin 7 in HIV-Infected Patients With Low CD4 T-Cell Reconstitution on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results of 2 Phase II Multicenter Studies (2016)

INSPIRE II: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01190111) and INSPIRE III: EudraCT (No. 2010-019773-15) and clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01241643).
[A histological and ultrastructural study of the tidemark in human condylar cartilage]. (2002)

In the region of the tidemark, physiological calcification takes place and is more active in the load-bearing areas; gradient and horizontal fibrils interweave with each other, which is correlated with the force on the articulation.
Characterizing the Deployment and Performance of Multi-CDNs (2018)

Pushing software updates to millions of geographically diverse clients is an important technical challenge for software providers. In this paper, we characterize how content delivery networks (CDNs) are used to deliver software updates of two prominent operating systems (Windows and iOS), over a span of 3 years. We leverage a data set of DNS and ping measurements from 9,000 RIPE Atlas clients, distributed across 206 countries, to understand regional and temporal trends in the use of multiple CDNs for delivering OS updates. We contrast two competing methodologies for distributing OS updates employed by Microsoft and Apple, where the majority of Microsoft clients download Windows updates from their local ISP. But, 90% of Apple clients access iOS updates from Apple's own network. We find an approximate improvement of 70 ms in the latency observed by clients in Asia and Africa when accessing content from edge caches in local ISPs. Additionally, Microsoft provides lower latencies to its clients in developing regions by directing them to Akamai's rich network of edge caches. We also observe that clients in developing regions accessing Windows updates from Level 3 get poor latencies arising from the absence of Level 3's footprint in those regions.
Chemoselective Oxidation of 6‐Hydroxyalkylpteridine and Its Application to the Synthesis of 6‐Acyl‐7,8‐dihydropteridines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Timespent based models for predicting user retention (2013)

Content discovery is fast becoming the preferred tool for user engagement on the web. Discovery allows users to get educated and entertained about their topics of interest. StumbleUpon is the largest personalized content discovery engine on the Web, delivering more than 1 billion personalized recommendations per month. As a recommendation system one of the primary metrics we track is whether the user returns (retention) to use the product after their initial experience (session) with StumbleUpon.
Development of amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon tandem solar cells (2003)

Using very high frequency plasma CVD with a ladder-shaped electrode, manufacturing technologies for a-Si solar cells having 1.4 m/spl times/1.1 m large area glass substrate and stable efficiency of about 8% have been developed. Based on these technologies, we are currently engaged in the development of a-Si//spl mu/c-Si tandem solar cells. It was found effective to adjust the hydrogen dilution ratio so as to obtain a higher quality /spl mu/c-Si i-layer, and to deposit film under mild plasma conditions so as to optimize the p/i interface. An extremely high Voc of 0.573 V was achieved for a /spl mu/c-Si single solar cell with a /spl mu/c-SiC p-layer. The /spl mu/c-Si bottom cell features a higher quality /spl mu/c-Si i-layer and an optimized p/i interface for improved Voc, in addition to optimized fabrication processes for the back contact, delivering improved Jsc as well. As a result, initial efficiency of 13.1% has been achieved for a small area cell.
<title>Optimized regional caching for on-demand data delivery</title> (1998)

Systems for on-demand delivery of large, widely-shared data can use several techniques to improve cost/performance, including: multicast data delivery, segmented data delivery, and regional (or proxy) servers that cache some of the data close to the clients. This paper makes three contributions to the state-of-the-art design of such systems. First, we show how segmented multicast delivery techniques, in particular the recently proposed high-performance dynamic skyscraper scheme, can be modified to allow each object to be partially or fully cached at regional servers. The new partitioned delivery architecture supports shared delivery between the regional and remote servers and improves performance even if one server delivers the entire object. The second contribution is an analytic model that can be solved to determine the full/partial object caching strategy that minimizes delivery cost in the context of a system that has homogeneous regional servers. Finally, results in the paper illustrate the use of the model and provide insight into how the optimal caching strategy is influenced by key system and workload parameters, including client request rate, the relative severity of the disk bandwidth and storage capacity constraints at the regional servers, and the relative costs of regional and remote delivery. Two important conclusions from the results are: (1) it is often cost-effective to cache the initial segments of many data objects rather than the complete data for fewer objects, and (2) the partitioned delivery architecture and caching partial objects can each greatly reduce delivery cost.
Prognostic Determinants in Prostate Cancer (2011)

Clinical outcomes in prostate cancer are heterogeneous, and given the high prevalence of the disease, there is a pressing need to identify clinically useful markers of prognosis. Many clinical, pathological, molecular, and genetic factors have been investigated in this capacity, although relatively few are routinely used. With a growing understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer, there is the potential that the next generation of makers will prove sufficiently robust to guide the optimal management of men with prostate cancer. Here, we review the various clinical and molecular prognostic determinants in prostate cancer.
Why the U.S. Treasury Began Auctioning Treasury Bills in 1929 (2008)

The U.S. Treasury began auctioning zero-coupon bills in 1929 to complement the fixed-price subscription offerings of coupon-bearing certificates of indebtedness, notes, and bonds that it had previously relied upon. Bills soon came to play a central role in Treasury cash and debt management. This article explains that the Treasury began auctioning bills to mitigate flaws in the structure of its financing operations that had become apparent during the 1920s. The flaws included the underpricing of new issues to limit the risk of a failed offering; borrowing in advance of actual requirements, resulting in negative carry on Treasury cash balances at commercial banks; and the redemption of maturing issues in advance of tax receipts, resulting in short-term borrowings from Federal Reserve Banks that sometimes led to transient fluctuations in reserves available to the banking system and undesirable volatility in overnight interest rates.
Heterogeneous Bimetallic Cu–Ni Nanoparticle-Supported Catalysts in the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde (2019)

Three bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticle-supported catalysts were synthesized by co-immobilization followed by H2 reduction. A chromium(III) terephthalate metal organic framework (MIL-101), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and carbon (C) with different properties (acidity and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area) were selected as supports for studying the effect of the support nature on the catalytic activity and selectivity in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The physicochemical properties of the Cu–Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, TEM, EDS, XPS, and ICP-OES. Bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles were highly dispersed on the support. The catalytic activities of CuNi/MIL-101, CuNi/TiO2, and CuNi/C were tested in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in the presence of molecular oxygen under mild reaction conditions. The highest benzaldehyde yields were achieved with CuNi/TiO2, CuNi/MIL-101, and CuNi/C catalysts at 100 °C within 4 h under 5, 3, and 3 bar of O2, respectively. The bimetallic Cu–Ni-supported catalysts possessed two types of catalytic active sites: acid sites and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles. The CuNi/MIL-101 catalyst possessed a high number of acid sites and exhibited high yield during selective benzyl alcohol oxidation to benzaldehyde. Importantly, the catalysts exhibited a high functional group (electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups) tolerance. Cu–Ni-supported catalysts with an Cu:Ni mole ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest yield of 47% for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Reusability and leaching experiment results exhibited that CuNi/MIL-101 showed better stability than CuNi/TiO2 and CuNi/C catalysts due to the large porous cavities of MIL-101 support; these cavities can be used to trap bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles and inhibit nanoparticle leaching.
Three-dimensional Shape Measurement by LC Grating Pattern Projection Method. Development of Striped Liquid Crystal Grating. (2001)

This paper describes a key device for measuring three-dimensional surface profiles using grating projection method. In this system a structured pattern is projected onto the object and the pattern deformed in accordance with the surface shape is captured by a CCD camera. And the captured image is analyzed to get three-dimensional coordinates of the surface on the basis of phase shifting technique. A special grating is built-up which consists of an active-controlled liquid crystal (LC) aligned as stripes. This LC grating has the performances of 4bits gray levels and 50 micrometers of period. Experimental results are gotten by using this LC grating and improved driving method.
Fast and Differentially Private Algorithms for Decentralized Collaborative Machine Learning (2017)

The rise of connected personal devices together with privacy concerns call\nfor machine learning algorithms capable of leveraging the data of a large\nnumber of agents to learn personalized models under strong privacy\nrequirements. In this paper, we introduce an efficient algorithm to address the\nabove problem in a fully decentralized (peer-to-peer) and asynchronous fashion,\nwith provable convergence rate. We show how to make the algorithm\ndifferentially private to protect against the disclosure of information about\nthe personal datasets, and formally analyze the trade-off between utility and\nprivacy. Our experiments show that our approach dramatically outperforms\nprevious work in the non-private case, and that under privacy constraints, we\ncan significantly improve over models learned in isolation.\n
Development of a microtitre ELISA to quantify development of Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro (1995)

An in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to evaluate growth of Cryptosporidium paroum in vitro.Ninety-six-well tissue culture microtitre plates were each seeded with 4.0 X lo4 human ileocecal adenocarcinoma (HCI-8) cells, then infected with CsCl-purified oocysts 24 h later.The growth medium consisted of RPM1 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 15 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine N'-Zethanesulfonic acid), 50 mM glucose, 1 pg ml -' folic acid, 4 pg ml -' 4-aminobenzoic acid, 2 fig ml-' pantothenic acid and 35 gg ml-' ascorbic acid.Incubation conditions were at 37" C in a 5% CO,/95% humidified air incubator.Oocysts were allowed to excyst in situ so that sporozoites could infect cells directly.Monolayers were then washed, new medium added, and infected cells re-incubated.Levels of infection were assessed 48 h later using a rat anti-C.paruum polyvalent antiserum directed against purified parasite membranes, followed by a goat anti-rat IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as substrate.Using various parasite inoculating doses and incubation times, optimal results were obtained using a 90-min exposure of host cells to 2.5-3.0X lo4 oocysts/well.Evaluation of various concentrations of four anti-microbials (monensin, lasalocid, paromomycin and sulfadimethoxine) in the system resulted in the acquisition of precise dose-response curves for each compound.
Histological Findings and Predictors of Cerebral Debris From Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The ALSTER Experience (2016)

This study showed a high rate of embolic debris consisting of typical anatomic structures known to be altered in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Female patients with diabetes mellitus have increased risk of embolic debris and should be protected by a cerebral protection system during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Because valve tissue embolizes more often in patients with predilation, procedural planning should consider this finding. Both cerebral arteries (brachiocephalic trunk, left carotid artery) should be protected in the same way.
Analytical Determination of Enantiomeric Purity Using Raman Optical Activity (1994)

Increased restrictions on the enantiomeric purity of pharmaceuticals underscore the need for improved analytical techniques to quantitate chiral purity. The method of scattered circularly polarized Raman optical activity (SCP ROA) is examined as a potentially useful analytical technique. Preliminary studies revealed SCP ROA measurements were reproducible to within current experimental noise limits and displayed the expected linear decrease in SCP ROA with increasing racemization of the enantiomeric mixtures. Minimal interference in SCP ROA signal was observed when either an achiral or another chiral entity was present in a mixture. The advantages of spectral subtraction techniques were demonstrated for separation of SCP ROA signals when multiple chiral entities are present. SCP ROA has been shown to be capable of quantitative analysis and is capable of simultaneous identification of multiple enantiomeric species. This is significant since traditional optical activity measurements, such as polarimetry and circular dichroism, are of limited value on mixtures where the impurities are not quantitatively defined.
Fish p53 as a possible biomarker for genotoxins in the aquatic environment (1999)

The p53 gene is a tumour suppressor gene which has a fundamental role in cell cycle control and division, and in mammals certain genotoxic agents induce specific mutations in p53, leading to tumourigenesis. Fish have been investigated as models for studying carcinogens, but as yet very little data exists that links exposure to specific chemicals with the aetiology of tumours found in wild populations. In this study, p53 was sequenced from five species of fish with a view to the possible use of mutations in the highly conserved domains of p53 to identify genotoxins in the aquatic environment. A 0.8kb fragment of the cDNA encompassing the conserved DNA-binding domain of p53 was sequenced in three Oncorhynchus salmonid fish: coho (O. kisutch), chum (O. keta), and chinook (O. tshawytscha) and full-length p53 cDNAs were sequenced in the puffer fish (Tetraodon miurus) and the barbel (Barbus barbus). The full-length puffer fish and barbel p53 cDNAs were 1834 bp and 1790 bp in length, encoding a 367 aa protein and a 369 aa protein, respectively. The deduced aa sequences of the p53 cDNA in the Oncorhynchus salmon shared a 100% identity in the five conserved regions (I–V). Comparisons of the deduced aa sequences for puffer fish and barbel p53 with other fish p53s revealed a high homology within the conserved DNA binding domain (68–86% for puffer fish and between 66–88% for barbel). “Conserved” domain I was not highly conserved in fish, as it is in mammals, and, therefore, conserved domains II–V are most likely to provide the valuable sequences in fish p53 for use in mutational studies to fingerprint genotoxins in the aquatic environment. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 33:177–184, 1999 © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interfacial Molecular Imprinting in Nanoparticle-Stabilized Emulsions (2011)

A new interfacial nano and molecular imprinting approach is developed to prepare spherical molecularly imprinted polymers with well-controlled hierarchical structures. This method is based on Pickering emulsion polymerization using template-modified colloidal particles. The interfacial imprinting is carried out in particle-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, where the molecular template is presented on the surface of silica nanoparticles during the polymerization of the monomer phase. After polymerization, the template-modified silica nanoparticles are removed from the new spherical particles to leave tiny indentations decorated with molecularly imprinted sites. The imprinted microspheres prepared using the new interfacial nano and molecular imprinting have very interesting features: a well-controlled hierarchical structure composed of large pores decorated with easily accessible molecular binding sites, group selectivity toward a series of chemicals having a common structural moiety (epitopes), and a hydrophilic surface that enables the MIPs to be used under aqueous conditions.
Adaptive multicast of multi-layered video: rate-based and credit-based approaches (2002)

Network architectures that can efficiently transport high quality, multicast video are rapidly becoming a basic requirement of emerging multimedia applications. The main problem complicating multicast video transport is variation in network bandwidth constraints. An attractive solution to this problem is to use an adaptive, multi-layered video encoding mechanism. We consider two such mechanisms for the support of video multicast; one is a rate-based mechanism that relies on explicit rate congestion feedback from the network, and the other is a credit-based mechanism that relies on hop-by-hop congestion feedback. The responsiveness, bandwidth utilization, scalability and fairness of the two mechanisms are evaluated through simulations. Results suggest that while the two mechanisms exhibit performance trade-offs, both are capable of providing a high quality video service in the presence of varying bandwidth constraints.
A phase I study of the AKT inhibitor (MK-2206) with concurrent trastuzumab and lapatinib in patients with HER2-positive solid tumors. (2011)

3028 Background: Trastuzumab (T) is effective in HER2 overexpressing breast and gastric cancer, but patients eventually develop clinical resistance. Lapatinib (L) with chemotherapy is active after progression on T. Preclinical data suggest that signaling downstream of HER2 via PI3K-AKT pathway may be one mechanism of resistance. MK-2206, an investigational allosteric AKT inhibitor, should inhibit this compensatory signaling. As a single agent, DLTs of MK-2206 are rash and diarrhea. Combined with either T or T/L, MK-2206 could provide more effective HER-family signaling blockade in HER2 positive disease. Methods: Patients with HER2+ treatment-refractory breast and gastroesophageal cancer with adequate organ function were enrolled. In part 1, patients were treated with standard doses of IV T (8 mg/kg load, followed by 6 mg/kg Q3W), and escalating dose levels of PO MK-2206 using either a QOD or QW schedule. In part 2, patients are treated with MK-2206 at the MTD dose derived from part 1 with standard T and escalating doses of L. Results: Between Sept. 2009 and Jan. 2011, a total of 40 HER2+ patients were screened and 32 were enrolled. The MTD for MK-2206 in combination with q3W T (part 1) is 60 mg for QOD schedule and 135 mg QW schedule. The major toxicity is consistent with prior experience and no grade 4 or 5 toxicity. The DLT is skin rash in the 200 mg QW cohort occurring in 2/4 patients. There were one complete remission (CR) after 12 weeks of therapy for a breast cancer patient who had skin only metastasis during enrollment, and another unconfirmed partial remission (PR) lasting less than 4 weeks but 4/24 patients have had prolonged stable disease (SD) for at least 4 months despite progression on multiple prior T and L-based therapies. Part 2 (T/L/MK-2206) is anticipated to start in Feb. 2011 and updated information will be available for the ASCO meeting. Conclusions: The AKT inhibitor MK-2206 can be safely combined with T and is associated with clinical activity in phase I. The addition of L is predicted to further increase efficacy and is now being tested. Updated results will be provided.
Autoimmune hepatitis and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (2009)

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are both autoimmune disorders that are rare in children and have a widespread clinical manifestation. A few case reports have shown a JSLE-AIH associated disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first study that simultaneously evaluated the prevalence of JSLE-AIH in a large JLSE and AIH population in groups of Hepatology and Rheumatology of a tertiary Paediatric University Hospital. In a 24-year period, 228 patients were diagnosed with JSLE (ACR criteria). In the same period, 252 patients were diagnosed with AIH according to the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. In this article, we present the demographic data, clinical features, laboratory exams and treatment of four children with both the diseases. The prevalence was 1.8% in JSLE population and was 1.6% in AIH population. The current median age was 15.5 years and three were females. In three of them, the diagnosis of AIH preceded JSLE. All of them had increased liver enzymes with a characteristic liver biopsy of AIH and responded to the combination of prednisone, azathioprine and antimalarial drugs. In conclusion, the presence of AIH-JSLE associated disorder was rarely observed. The liver biopsy could be necessary in patients with JLSE with a persistent increase of liver enzymes.
An American Negro Gandhi? (2012)

Abstract Chapter 1 focuses on the efforts of the black community in Montgomery, Alabama, to desegregate the city's buses between 1955 and 1956. It explores the way in which city authorities attempted to destroy the bus boycott by using the threat of arrest and imprisonment to intimidate supporters and isolate the leadership. In response, community members resisted such repression by seeking to transform imprisonment from something to be feared into a source of pride and an act of resistance. However, the author concludes that the period from 1955 to 1960 was one of limited change in terms of movement responses to the legal repression of civil rights activity.