gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triple Scissor Extender Robot Arm: A Solution to the Last One Foot Problem of Manipulation (2018)

Final assembly, inspection, and maintenance of aircrafts, automobiles, and industrial equipment often requires a robot to reach confined areas that are difficult to access. While a robot can move freely in open space, the last one foot to a target site in a manufacturing environment is typically cluttered with complex obstacles. Here, we present a novel solution to the last one foot problem. Inspired by plant stem growth, a new design concept for an expandable arm, the triple scissor extender robot arm (TSERA), is developed to access a confined area through a narrow channel. The robot consists of a series of expandable segments each of which is able to extend and tilt. Thus, the robot can elongate its structure along a narrow, winding space. The novel design concept is accompanied by a new algorithm for path planning, the sequential expansion algorithm. Unlike traditional algorithms for articulated robot path planning, TSERA's sequential expansion algorithm reduces the otherwise computationally expensive multibody path planning problem to a single rigid body kinematics problem. Exploiting the serial nature of expandable structure, we can compute arm motion by sequentially solving a simple inverse kinematics problem for each segment.
A Novel Approach for Effective Learning in Low Resourced Scenarios (2017)

Deep learning based discriminative methods, being the state-of-the-art machine learning techniques, are ill-suited for learning from lower amounts of data. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, called simultaneous two sample learning (s2sL), to effectively learn the class discriminative characteristics, even from very low amount of data. In s2sL, more than one sample (here, two samples) are simultaneously considered to both, train and test the classifier. We demonstrate our approach for speech/music discrimination and emotion classification through experiments. Further, we also show the effectiveness of s2sL approach for classification in low-resource scenario, and for imbalanced data.
<i>Saccharomyces</i> Rrm3p, a 5′ to 3′ DNA helicase that promotes replication fork progression through telomeric and subtelomeric DNA (2002)

In wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, replication forks slowed during their passage through telomeric C(1-3)A/TG(1-3) tracts. This slowing was greatly exacerbated in the absence of RRM3, shown here to encode a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. Rrm3p-dependent fork progression was seen at a modified Chromosome VII-L telomere, at the natural X-bearing Chromosome III-L telomere, and at Y'-bearing telomeres. Loss of Rrm3p also resulted in replication fork pausing at specific sites in subtelomeric DNA, such as at inactive replication origins, and at internal tracts of C(1-3)A/TG(1-3) DNA. The ATPase/helicase activity of Rrm3p was required for its role in telomeric and subtelomeric DNA replication. Because Rrm3p was telomere-associated in vivo, it likely has a direct role in telomere replication.
Stacked quantum cascade laser and detector structure for a monolithic mid-infrared sensing device (2019)

We report the stacked quantum cascade laser and detector structures for a monolithic midinfrared sensing device. In the fabricated quantum cascade device, the layer structures for the detector are grown directly on the quantum cascade laser structure. The laser and detector structures thereby are flexibly designed to operate at the same wavelength, without any compensation needed in the way that the active region is designed in the laser and detector. The fabricated monolithic quantum cascade devices exhibit a low threshold current density at the midinfrared wavelength of 5.7 μm. As a result, light emission and detection on the same chip are demonstrated in continuous wave operation at room temperature.
The free-living amoeba Willaertia magna, is particularly resistant to infection by the pathogenic bacteria Legionella pneumophila (2008)

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease, is well characterized as a bacteria surviving and developing, almost exclusively, as intracellular parasite within freshwater protozoa. Several species of protozoa and ciliae have been shown to support the growth of the pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we report for the first time the behaviour of the protozoan Willaertia magna towards L. pneumophila and compared it with Acanthamoeba castellanii and Hartmannella vermiformis, two known L. pneumophila permissive protozoa. The results show that Willaertia amoebas displayed the ability to internalize the pathogenic bacteria but at a different extent when compared to other species. Surprisingly, and at the opposite of the other two amoebic species, coculture experiments showed that Willaertia magna inhibited the growth and the development of L. pneumophila and that it was resistant to bacterial induced cytotoxicity. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the formation of replicative phagosomes observed within Acanthamoeba sp. and Hartmannella sp. is deficient in Willaertia sp. These observations describing for the first time the occurrence of a protozoan species that display resistance towards the bacteria L. pneumophila, shed new light on a cellular model that may provide useful information on the mechanisms underlying bacterial infection and show that among free-living amoebas, the different species are not equally permissive to L. pneumophila
Smart cement modified with iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance the piezoresistive behavior and compressive strength for oil well applications (2015)

In this study, smart cement with a 0.38 water-to-cement ratio was modified with iron oxide nanoparticles (NanoFe2O3) to have better sensing properties, so that the behavior can be monitored at various stages of construction and during the service life of wells. A series of experiments evaluated the piezoresistive smart cement behavior with and without NanoFe2O3 in order to identify the most reliable sensing properties that can also be relatively easily monitored. Tests were performed on the smart cement from the time of mixing to a hardened state behavior. When oil well cement (Class H) was modified with 0.1% of conductive filler, the piezoresistive behavior of the hardened smart cement was substantially improved without affecting the setting properties of the cement. During the initial setting the electrical resistivity changed with time based on the amount of NanoFe2O3 used to modify the smart oil well cement. A new quantification concept has been developed to characterize the smart cement curing based on electrical resistivity changes in the first 24 h of curing. Addition of 1% NanoFe2O3 increased the compressive strength of the smart cement by 26% and 40% after 1 day and 28 days of curing respectively. The modulus of elasticity of the smart cement increased with the addition of 1% NanoFe2O3 by 29% and 28% after 1 day and 28 days of curing respectively. A nonlinear curing model was used to predict the changes in electrical resistivity with curing time. The piezoresistivity of smart cement with NanoFe2O3 was over 750 times higher than the unmodified cement depending on the curing time and nanoparticle content. Also the nonlinear stress–strain and stress–change in resistivity relationships predicated the experimental results very well. Effects of curing time and NanoFe2O3 content on the model parameters have been quantified using a nonlinear model.
Bioaugmentation with Pseudomonasâsp. strain MHP41 promotes simazine attenuation and bacterial community changes in agricultural soils (2009)

Bioremediation is an important technology for the removal of persistent organic pollutants from the environment. Bioaugmentation with the encapsulated Pseudomonas sp. strain MHP41 of agricultural soils contaminated with the herbicide simazine was studied. The experiments were performed in microcosm trials using two soils: soil that had never been previously exposed to s-triazines (NS) and soil that had >20 years of s-triazine application (AS). The efficiency of the bioremediation process was assessed by monitoring simazine removal by HPLC. The simazine-degrading microbiota was estimated using an indicator for respiration combined with most-probable-number enumeration. The soil bacterial community structures and the effect of bioaugmentation on these communities were determined using 16S RNA gene clone libraries and FISH analysis. Bioaugmentation with MHP41 cells enhanced simazine degradation and increased the number of simazine-degrading microorganisms in the two soils. In highly contaminated NS soil, bioaugmentation with strain MHP41 was essential for simazine removal. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from NS and AS soils revealed high bacterial diversity. Bioaugmentation with strain MHP41 promoted soil bacterial community shifts. FISH analysis revealed that bioaugmentation increased the relative abundances of two phylogenetic groups (Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes) in both soils. Although members of the Archaea were metabolically active in these soils, their relative abundance was not altered by bioaugmentation.
Ultraviolet radiation and immunology: something new under the sun--presidential address. (1994)

The carcinogenic activity of solar radiation has been known for nearly a century. However, within the past few years, we have realized that exposing the skin to sunlight also has profound immunological effects on the host and that these immunological changes can contribute to the development of skin cancer and alter host resistance to infectious diseases. These findings have led to the development of a new field of research, termed photoimmunology, which is concerned with the effects of UV radiation on immunological processes. Our interest in this field arose from studies on the antigenic properties of skin cancers induced in mice by chronic exposure to UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation. These cancers are highly antigenic and many are immunologically rejected upon transplantation to normal syngeneic recipients. In studying how these cancers were able to survive and grow in the primary host, we discovered that exposing the skin to UV radiation altered some types of immune responses, including the immune response against skin cancers. Studies on the nature and mechanism of the immunological alterations brought about by exposure to UV radiation suggested that UV-induced DNA damage triggers a cascade of events, leading ultimately to a state of antigen-specific, systemic T lymphocyte-mediated immunosuppression. Key components of this cascade are epidermal cytokines, which modulate the immune response to antigens introduced into the UV-irradiated host and divert the response toward a state of specific immunosuppression. The finding that UV radiation can redirect the immune response from an effector to a suppressor pathway has raised the possibility that immune responses to infectious diseases might also be influenced by exposure of the host to UV radiation. Interest in the health consequences of stratospheric ozone depletion, with its attendant increase in solar UV-B radiation, has stimulated recent investigations on the effects of UV radiation on the pathogenesis of infections in animal models and on immune responses in humans. In addition, attempts are being made to use information about UV-induced specific immunosuppression to eliminate unwanted immune responses, such as transplant rejection and graft-versus-host reactions. Thus, studies on the immunological effects of UV radiation are providing new information on how immune responses are regulated as well as improving our understanding of the role of the immune system in skin cancer induction. This information should facilitate the development of more effective measures for preventing the deleterious effects of overexposure to UV radiation.
Automated video enhancement from a stream of atmospherically-distorted images: the lucky-region fusion approach (2009)

An automated video enhancement technique capable of image fusion from a stream of randomly-distorted images of a still scene is presented in this paper. The technique is based on the "lucky-region" fusion (LRF) approach and aims to improve locally the image quality according to the following steps: (1) for each image of the video stream an image quality map (IQM) which characterizes locally the image quality is computed, (2) each IQM is compared to that of the current fused image leading to the selection of best quality regions (the "lucky-regions"), and (3) the selected regions are merged into the fused video stream. While the LRF approach succeeds in producing images with significantly improved image quality compared to the source images, its performance depends on the imaging conditions and requires adjustment of its fusion parameter - the fusion kernel size - in order to adapt to an evolving environment (e.g. a turbulent atmosphere). Parameter selection was so far performed manually using a trial-and-error approach which causes the technique to be impractical for a real world implementation. The automated LRF technique presented is relaxed from this requirement and selects automatically the fusion parameter based on the analysis of the source images making it more suitable for practical systems. The improved LRF technique is applied to imaging through atmospheric turbulence for various imaging conditions and scenes of interest. In each case automatically-fused video streams demonstrate increases in image quality comparable to that obtained with manual selection of the fusion parameter.
A New Model to Produce Infectious Hepatitis C Virus without the Replication Requirement (2011)

Numerous constraints significantly hamper the experimental study of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Robust replication in cell culture occurs with only a few strains, and is invariably accompanied by adaptive mutations that impair in vivo infectivity/replication. This problem complicates the production and study of authentic HCV, including the most prevalent and clinically important genotype 1 (subtypes 1a and 1b). Here we describe a novel cell culture approach to generate infectious HCV virions without the HCV replication requirement and the associated cell-adaptive mutations. The system is based on our finding that the intracellular environment generated by a West-Nile virus (WNV) subgenomic replicon rendered a mammalian cell line permissive for assembly and release of infectious HCV particles, wherein the HCV RNA with correct 5' and 3' termini was produced in the cytoplasm by a plasmid-driven dual bacteriophage RNA polymerase-based transcription/amplification system. The released particles preferentially contained the HCV-based RNA compared to the WNV subgenomic RNA. Several variations of this system are described with different HCV-based RNAs: (i) HCV bicistronic particles (HCVbp) containing RNA encoding the HCV structural genes upstream of a cell-adapted subgenomic replicon, (ii) HCV reporter particles (HCVrp) containing RNA encoding the bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase in place of HCV nonstructural genes, and (iii) HCV wild-type particles (HCVwt) containing unmodified RNA genomes of diverse genotypes (1a, strain H77; 1b, strain Con1; 2a, strain JFH-1). Infectivity was assessed based on the signals generated by the HCV RNA molecules introduced into the cytoplasm of target cells upon virus entry, i.e. HCV RNA replication and protein production for HCVbp in Huh-7.5 cells as well as for HCVwt in HepG2-CD81 cells and human liver slices, and SP6 RNA polymerase-driven firefly luciferase for HCVrp in target cells displaying candidate HCV surface receptors. HCV infectivity was inhibited by pre-incubation of the particles with anti-HCV antibodies and by a treatment of the target cells with leukocyte interferon plus ribavirin. The production of authentic infectious HCV particles of virtually any genotype without the adaptive mutations associated with in vitro HCV replication represents a new paradigm to decipher the requirements for HCV assembly, release, and entry, amenable to analyses of wild type and genetically modified viruses of the most clinically significant HCV genotypes.
Cell surface antigens of human astrocytoma defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies: identification of astrocytoma subsets. (1982)

The surface antigens of cultured human malignant astrocytomas were analyzed by using mouse monoclonal antibodies. BALB/c mice were immunized repeatedly with either SK-MG-1 [a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA)-negative astrocytoma line] or SK-AO2 (a GFA-positive astrocytoma line). After fusion with NS/1 mouse myeloma cells, 12 antibody-producing clones were selected for detailed study. Serological analysis permitted the identification of nine distinct antigenic systems. Four monoclonal antibodies (Ab AJ225, Ab AO10, Ab AJ8, and Ab AO122) identified cell surface antigens preferentially expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, and these antibodies subdivided the astrocytoma panel into distinguishable subsets. The determinant detected by Ab AO10 and Ab AJ8 showed mutually exclusive expression on the astrocytoma lines. The AO10 and AJ8 phenotypes appeared to reflect the differentiation state of the cultured cells; 4/7 AO10-positive astrocytomas expressed GFA, an intracellular astrocyte differentiation antigen, whereas all AJ8-positive astrocytoma (9/9) were GFA-negative. Five antibodies (Ab AJ10, Ab AJ9, Ab AJ17, Ab AJ425, and Ab AJ2) recognized determinants widely distributed on normal and malignant cells. Four antibodies defined in this study precipitated proteins from reduced preparations of radioisotope-labeled SK-MG-1 and SK-AO2 cells: Ab AJ225 (Mr 145,000); Ab AO122 (Mr265,000); Ab AJ10 (Mrs 195,000 and 165,000); and Ab AJ2 (Mrs 170,000, 140,000, 140,000, and 28,000).
Comparison and design of three coupled inductor structures (2002)

A new coupled-inductor structure that achieves zero current ripple without need for turns ratio adjustment is presented. Its residual ripple performance is as good as conventional structures, it is easier to design and has much less radiated noise. Three different gap arrangements of practical interest are considered and closed-form design equations are given for each of them. As a practical example, coupled inductor design for a 50 W Cuk converter is performed with all three gap arrangements and relative circuit performance is compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Azimuth calibration method in ellipsometer with imaging spectrograph (2004)

The ellipsometry is known as high precision metrology for thin film thickness measurements and its optical properties by measuring ellipsometric parameters, ψ and Δ, defined as amplitude and phase values of the ratio of Fourier reflection coefficients for p- and s-polarized light. With conventional ellipsometers, we can get average values of ellipsometric parameters in the region of interest determined by spot size of measurement beam. However, we can expand the measurement scheme to two dimensional spectral imaging with additional imaging spectrograph compatible to the structure of ellipsometer. That is, we can simultaneously get spatial and spectroscopic ellipsometric parameters using two dimensional imaging detectors. Using this type of ellipsometers, polarization state dependent response of imaging spectrograph must be considered carefully during azimuth calibration procedures as well as ellipsometric parameters measurement. In this paper, we suggest Jones calculus model for ellipsometer with considering dichroic response in spectrograph and background signal levels in detector. And we show experimental calibration results comparison with that of simulation using suggested Jones calculus model.
Cyclic nucleotide specific phosphodiesterases of Leishmania major (2006)

The genome of L. major contains only PDE genes that are predicted to code for class I PDEs, and none for class II PDEs. This is more similar to what is found in higher eukaryotes than it is to the situation in Dictyostelium or the fungi that concomitantly express class I and class II PDEs. Functional complementation demonstrated that LmjPDEA, LmjPDEB1 and LmjPDEB2 are capable of hydrolyzing cAMP. In vitro studies with recombinant LmjPDEB1 and LmjPDEB2 confirmed this, and they demonstrated that both are completely cAMP-specific. Both enzymes are inhibited by several commercially available PDE inhibitors. The observation that these inhibitors also interfere with cell growth in culture indicates that inhibition of the PDEs is fatal for the cell, suggesting an important role of cAMP signalling for the maintenance of cellular integrity and proliferation.
Design and synthesis of a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable, retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist (2017)

A ligand-based virtual screening exercise examining likely bioactive conformations of AM 580 (2) and AGN 193836 (3) was used to identify the novel, less lipophilic RARα agonist 4-(3,5-dichloro-4-ethoxybenzamido)benzoic acid 5, which has good selectivity over the RARβ, and RARγ receptors. Analysis of the medicinal chemistry parameters of the 3,5-substituents of derivatives of template 5 enabled us to design a class of drug-like molecules with lower intrinsic clearance and higher oral bioavailability which led to the novel RARα agonist 4-(3-chloro-4-ethoxy-5-isopropoxybenzamido)-2-methylbenzoic acid 56 that has high RARα potency and excellent selectivity versus RARβ (2 orders of magnitude) and RARγ (4 orders of magnitude) at both the human and mouse RAR receptors with improved drug-like properties. This RARα specific agonist 56 has high oral bioavailability (>80%) in both mice and dogs with a good PK profile and was shown to be inactive in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity screens.
Fabrication of Polyethylene Glycol‐Based Hydrogel Microspheres Through Electrospraying (2015)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel microspheres of controlled sizes and narrow size distribution were fabricated via electrospraying. To facilitate the formation of microspheres through electrospraying, the gelation time of PEG hydrogels by Michael's addition reaction between acrylate and thiol were optimized. The effect of electrospraying parameters such as applied voltage, flow rate, needle gauge, and tip to collector distance (TTCD) on Taylor cone formation and microsphere size and distribution was determined. Applied voltage and TTCD had the strongest influence on Taylor cone formation and microsphere size and distribution. By careful design of process parameters a wide range of PEG hydrogel microspheres were obtained, namely 70–700 μm in diameter. The biodegradable PEG hydrogel microspheres developed in this study through a combination of mild gelation chemistry and electrospraying will be valuable in a variety of biological applications including drug and protein delivery, cell encapsulation, and biosensors.
PROTEIN DISPLACEMENT DURING CLASSIFICATION OF GLANDED COTTONSEED (1980)

ABSTRACT The effects of classification of glanded cottonseed flour on protein displacement were studied. Media were liquid (nonpolar solvent) and air. The fines and coarse fractions had different ratios of water‐soluble functional and storage proteins than the starting material. The difference in protein distribution was reflected in the contents of essential amino acids of each fraction. Fines or “overs” fractions had lower amounts of some limiting essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine and leucine as compared with the coarse fraction. Degossypolised cottonseed flour therefore had lower protein quality than the starting material. Although the fines fractions have lower amounts of essential amino acids as compared with the coarse fractions, they did not differ in the type of proteins as shown by gel electrophoresis.