gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of nonuniform well width on compressively strained multiple quantum well lasers (1992)

We theoretically investigate the effects of nonuniform well widths on compressively strained In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs multiple quantum well lasers using multiband effective mass theory and density matrix formalism. We find that the well width fluctuations do not degrade the transparency current, differential gain, and linewidth broadening factor. Besides, lasers with intentionally designed chirped well width have much broader gain profiles compared to uniform well lasers. This feature is attractive for applications requiring large gain bandwidth such as tunable lasers, mode-locked lasers, and wavelength division multiplexed laser arrays.
A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR PLOT UNITS (2012)

This research revisits plot units , which were developed in the 1980s as a conceptual knowledge structure to represent the affect states of and emotional tensions between characters in narrative stories. We present a fully automated system, called AESOP, that generates plot unit representations for narrative texts. AESOP performs four steps: affect state recognition, character identification, affect state projection, and link creation. We also identify a type of knowledge that seems to be missing from existing lexical resources: verbs that impart positive or negative polarity onto their patients (e.g., “eat” imparts negative polarity because being eaten is bad, whereas “fed” imparts positive polarity because being fed is good). We develop two techniques to automatically harvest these “patient polarity verbs” (PPVs) from a Web corpus, and show that the PPVs improve affect state recognition. Finally, we evaluate AESOP’s performance on a set of fables, and present several analyses to shed light on the capabilities and limitations of current natural language processing technology for plot unit generation.
[Studies on etiology and vaccines of hepatitis E]. (2004)

戊型肝炎既往称肠道传播的非甲非乙型肝炎,是由戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)引起的,主要经污染的水源传播,也可通过食物和日常生活接触传播,常引起大的爆发或流行,但也可散发.1986年～1988年我国新疆南部地区曾发生戊型肝炎水型流行,共计发病119 280例,死亡707例,是迄今世界上最大的一次戊型肝炎流行[1].对我国17个城市2548例急性散发性病毒性肝炎的血清学调查表明,戊型肝炎占3.4%～26.3%,平均为9.7%[2]。
Determination of wax content in crude oil (2016)

Wax deposition is one of the chronic problems in the petroleum industry. The various crude oils present in the world contain wax contents of up to 32.5%. Paraffin waxes consist of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons with carbons atoms ranging from C18 to C36. Paraffin wax consists mostly with normal paraffin content (80–90%), while, the rest consists of branched paraffins (iso-paraffins) and cycloparaffins. The sources of higher molecular weight waxes in oils have not yet been proven and are under exploration. Waxes may precipitate as the temperature decreases and a solid phase may arise due to their low solubility. For instance, paraffinic waxes can precipitate out when temperature decreases during oil production, transportation through pipelines, and oil storage. The process of solvent dewaxing is used to remove wax from either distillate or residual feedstocks at any stage in the refining process. The solvents used, methyl-ethyl ketone and toluene, can then be separated from dewaxed oil filtrate stream by membrane process and recycled back to be used again in solvent dewaxing process.
Bandwidth Efficient Channel Estimation Using Super-Imposed Pilots in OFDM Systems (2007)

This paper proposes a channel estimation algorithm using super-imposed pilots for OFDM systems. The pilot symbols are added linearly to the modulated data symbol at a fraction of the total transmit power, making the method spectrally efficient. We present a series of iterative and non-iterative receivers in which complexity is traded for performance. In particular, a high complexity non-iterative receiver that achieves the theoretically lowest BER and a low complexity iterative receiver that show near-optimal performance are presented. The proposed iterative receiver offers a 50 - 98% reduction in complexity over a non- iterative receiver having equivalent performance, depending on the modulation used. We observe that the performance of the receiver is independent of the channel's Doppler frequency and delay spread. Finally, we compute an analytic bound for the bit error rate of the proposed non-iterative receiver.
Low-Temperature Hydrogenation of Acetaldehyde to Ethanol on H-Precovered Au(111) (2011)

Gold-based classical high surface area catalysts have been widely investigated for hydrogenation reactions, but fundamental studies on model catalysts are lacking. We present experimental measurements of the reaction of hydrogen adatoms and adsorbed acetaldehyde on the Au(111) surface employing temperature-programmed desorption. Here, we show that chemisorbed hydrogen adatoms bind weakly with desorption peaks at ∼110 K, indicating an activation energy for recombinative desorption of ∼28 kJ/mol. We further demonstrate that acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) can be hydrogenated to ethanol (CH3CH2OH) on the H-atom-precovered Au(111) surface at cryogenic temperatures. Isotopic experiments employing D atoms indicate a lower hydrogenation reactivity.
Partial Gap Transduced MEMS Optoacoustic Oscillator Beyond Gigahertz (2014)

Electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) oscillators are limited to few megahertz-gigahertz range on account of transduction inefficiency at higher frequencies. Piezoelectric transduction affords lower motional impedances at high frequencies, however mass-loading on account of metal electrodes imposes practical limits on the mechanical quality factor of piezoelectric resonators in the gigahertz frequency regime. In this paper, we present a silicon optoacoustic oscillator operating at 2.05 GHz with signal power 18 dBm and phase noise -80 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset from carrier. We employ displacement amplification and partial air gap capacitive transduction to enhance the transduction efficiency. An unconventional photolithography step is performed on a released MEMS structure, which greatly simplifies the fabrication process and allows electrical contact with the electrodes. Built-in nonlinear optomechanical modulation provides noiseless up-conversion of the oscillation signal all the way up to 16.4 GHz with -45-dBm signal power. We develop a phase noise model for the oscillator and identify the photodetector shot noise to be the dominant noise source. Using a high gain and low noise avalanche photodetector enables reduction of the far-from-carrier phase noise floor by 15dB. The phase noise model provides insights into understanding the influence of laser detuning on the oscillator noise performance, which has not been studied to date.
Fitting Statistical Distributions (2000)

Although the study of statistical modelling has made great strides in recent years, the number and variety of distributions to choose from continue to create problems. . Focusing on techniques used successfully across many fields, Fitting Statistical Distributions presents all of the relevant results related to the Generalized Lambda Distribution, the Generalized Bootstrap, and Monte Carlo simulation. It provides the tables, algorithms, and computer programs needed for fitting continuous probability distributions to data in a wide variety of circumstances-covering bivariate as well as univariate distributions, and including situations where moments do not exist.
Characterization of an angiotensin binding site in rabbit renomedullary interstitial cells in tissue culture: correlation with prostaglandin biosynthesis. (1979)

High affinity binding sites for angiotensin II have been identified and characterized in rabbit renomedullary interstitial cells in tissue culture. Binding studies were performed using monoiodinated angiotensin II of high specific activity; the angiotensinase inhibitors dithiothreitol and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride were added to the incubation medium to retard degradation of the labeled hormone. Uptake of 125I angiotensin II was maximal at pH 7.4 and Scatchard analysis indicated a single binding site with a KD of 3.1 nM. Binding to a particulate preparation of the cells was rapid and reversible. Competition for binding by angiotensin II analogs correlated with their biologic potencies: (Sar1Ala8) AII greater than AII greater than (desAsp1) AII greater than greater than 3-8 hexapeptide. The 1-7 heptapeptide was completely ineffective in displacing the labeled angiotensin II from its binding sites. Angiotensin II directly stimulated prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by the renomedullary cells in tissue culture; the concentration of angiotensin II that resulted in half maximal stimulation of PG biosynthesis (6.5 nM) was similar to the concentration of angiotensin II that resulted in half maximal occupancy of binding sites (3.1 nM). These results suggest that the renomedullary cells may provide a model homogeneous tissue for the study of the angiotensin receptor and the hormonal regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Exploring PAZ/3′-overhang interaction to improve siRNA specificity. A combined experimental and modeling study (2018)

The understanding of the dynamical and mechanistic aspects that lie behind siRNA-based gene regulation is a requisite to boost the performance of siRNA therapeutics. A systematic experimental and computational study on the 3'-overhang structural requirements for the design of more specific and potent siRNA molecules was carried out using nucleotide analogues differing in structural parameters, such as sugar constraint, lack of nucleobase, distance between the phosphodiester backbone and nucleobase, enantioselectivity, and steric hindrance. The results established a set of rules governing the siRNA-mediated silencing, indicating that the thermodynamic stability of the 5'-end is a crucial determinant for antisense-mediated silencing but is not sufficient to avoid sense-mediated silencing. Both theoretical and experimental approaches consistently evidence the existence of a direct connection between the PAZ/3'-overhang binding affinity and siRNA's potency and specificity. An overall description of the systems is thus achieved by atomistic simulations and free energy calculations that allow us to propose a robust and self-contained procedure for studying the factors implied in PAZ/3'-overhang siRNA interactions. A higher RNAi activity is associated with a moderate-to-strong PAZ/3'-overhang binding. Contrarily, lower binding energies compromise siRNA potency, increase specificity, and favor siRNA downregulation by Ago2-independent mechanisms. This work provides in-depth details for the design of powerful and safe synthetic nucleotide analogues for substitution at the 3'-overhang, enabling some of the intrinsic siRNA disadvantages to be overcome.
Monetary policy, inequality and political instability (2018)

Abstract Voters in the industrialised countries are increasingly expressing dissatisfaction by dissenting from the established political parties and candidates. Based on the concepts of justice by Hayek, Rawls and Buchanan, we argue that the growing dissatisfaction is rooted in the asymmetric pattern of monetary policies since the mid‐1980s for two reasons. First, the structurally declining interest rates and the unconventional monetary policy measures have granted privileges to specific groups. Second, the increasingly expansionary monetary policies have negative growth effects, which have reduced the scope for compensation of the ones excluded from the privileges. As a result, the acceptance of the prevailing economic and political order is undermined and political instability increases.
Considerations on the roles and ontology in modeling workflow management systems (2010)

Business Process Modeling became complex due to interorganizational interaction and to the dynamic of the context in that it evolves. Using Concepts from Knowledge Management and specific analysis was done. Ontology serves as a mean for detail the specificities and also for assuring a common understanding between the process and its management. The context due to the complexity of overall problem imposes a deeply analysis and modeling. The importance and specific feature of roles are presented.
Asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams (1981)

C. Bełżecki and E. Rogalska, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 57 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000057
Ctf3p, the Mis6 budding yeast homolog, interacts with Mcm22p and Mcm16p at the yeast outer kinetochore (2002)

The budding yeast kinetochore is composed of an inner and outer protein complex, which binds to centromere (CEN) DNA and attaches to microtubules. We performed a genetic synthetic dosage lethality screen to identify novel kinetochore proteins in a collection of chromosome transmission fidelity mutants. Our screen identified several new kinetochore-related proteins including YLR381Wp/Ctf3p, which is a member of a conserved family of centromere-binding proteins. Ctf3p interacts with Mcm22p, Mcm16p, and the outer kinetochore protein Ctf19p. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation to demonstrate that Ctf3p, Mcm22p, and Mcm16p bind to CEN DNA in a Ctf19p-dependent manner. In addition, Ctf3p, Mcm22p, and Mcm16p have a localization pattern similar to other kinetochore proteins. The fission yeast Ctf3p homolog, Mis6, is required for loading of a CENP-A centromere specific histone, Cnp1, onto centromere DNA. We find however that Ctf3p is not required for loading of the budding yeast CENP-A homolog, Cse4p, onto CEN DNA. In contrast, Ctf3p and Ctf19p fail to bind properly to the centromere in a cse4-1 mutant strain. We conclude that the requirements for CENP-A loading onto centromere DNA differ in fission versus budding yeast.
Fate of Metals in Waste Combustion Systems (1990)

Abstract The mechanisms which control the emission of trace metals from waste combustion systems were examined. Important phenomena include particle entrainment, chemical interactions, vaporization, condensation, particle coagulation and particle collection by flue gas cleaning equipment. A model based on these phenomena was developed to estimate their relative importance and to assess the potential impact of waste combustor operating parameters on metals emissions. The results of this assessment were used to develop a more accurate method of assessing the ability of waste combustion devices to control the emission of toxic metals than is currently proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The method is based on use of metals spiking and was tested in a pilot scale rotary kiln incinerator. The tests indicated that the spiking method could effectively be used to estimate metals emissions.
Single-channel electrophysiology of cell-free expressed ion channels by direct incorporation in lipid bilayers (2013)

Single-channel electrophysiology with lipid bilayer systems requires ion channel expression, purification from cell culture, and reconstitution in proteoliposomes for delivery to a planar bilayer. Here we demonstrate that single-channel current measurements of the potassium channels KcsA and hERGS5–S6 can be obtained by direct insertion in interdroplet lipid bilayers from microliters of a cell-free expression medium.
International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tenth revision. (1988)

The International Classification of Diseases has, under various names, been for many decades the essential tool for national and international comparability in public health. This statistical tool has been customarily revised every 10 years in order to keep up with the advances of medicine. At first intended primarily for the classification of causes of death, its scope has been progressively widening to include coding and tabulation of causes of morbidity as well as medical record indexing and retrieval. The ability to exchange comparable data from region to region and from country to country, to allow comparison from one population to another and to permit study of diseases over long periods, is one of the strengths of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD). WHO has been responsible for the organization, coordination and execution of activities related to ICD since 1948 (Sixth Revision of the ICD) and is now proceeding with the Tenth Revision. For the first time in its history the ICD will be based on an alphanumeric coding scheme and will have to function as a core classification from which a series of modules can be derived, each reaching a different degree of specificity and adapted to a particular specialty or type of user. It is proposed that the chapters on external causes of injury and poisoning, and factors influencing health status and contact with health services, which were supplementary classifications in ICD-9, should form an integral part of ICD-10. The title of ICD has been amended to "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems"', but the abbreviation "ICD" will be retained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase balancing using genetic algorithm (2004)

Unbalanced loads and feeders increase power system investment and operating costs. Single-phase lateral load phase swapping is one of the most popular methods to balance the systems. Phase swapping is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem and it is necessary to apply a proper optimization method. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the phase swapping problem for single-phase loads. An example is used to illustrate the proposed method.
Formation of Nanocrystal-amorphous Al-Ni-Y Composite (2000)

Al Ni Y alloy ribbon produced by melt spinning has a good bending ductility. In this paper, the ribbon is investigated by X ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained show that its structure varies with its compoistion. Rapid solidifaction of Al 91 Ni 7Y 2 alloy can result in formation of a composite consisting of part of amorphous crystals and part of crystals. In the composite structure, Al Nanocrystals are distributed uniformly in amorphous matrix.
Better Glycemic Control and Weight Loss With the Novel Long-Acting Basal Insulin LY2605541 Compared With Insulin Glargine in Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

OBJECTIVE To compare effects of LY2605541 versus insulin glargine on daily mean blood glucose as part of a basal-bolus regimen for type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this randomized, Phase 2, open-label, 2 × 2 crossover study, 137 patients received once-daily basal insulin (LY2605541 or glargine) plus mealtime insulin for 8 weeks, followed by crossover treatment for 8 weeks. Daily mean blood glucose was obtained from 8-point self-monitored blood glucose profiles. The noninferiority margin was 10.8 mg/dL. RESULTS LY2605541 met noninferiority and superiority criteria compared with insulin glargine in daily mean blood glucose (144.2 vs. 151.7 mg/dL, least squares mean difference = -9.9 mg/dL [90% CI -14.6 to -5.2], P < 0.001). Fasting blood glucose variability and A1C were reduced with LY2605541 compared with insulin glargine (both P < 0.001). Mealtime insulin dose decreased with LY2605541 and increased with insulin glargine. Mean weight decreased 1.2 kg with LY2605541 and increased 0.7 kg with insulin glargine (P < 0.001). The total hypoglycemia rate was higher for LY2605541 (P = 0.04) and the nocturnal hypoglycemia rate was lower (P = 0.01), compared with insulin glargine. Adverse events (including severe hypoglycemia) were similar, although more gastrointestinal-related events occurred with LY2605541 (15% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). Mean changes (all within normal range) were higher for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and lower for HDL-cholesterol with LY2605541 compared with insulin glargine (all P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In type 1 diabetes, compared with insulin glargine, LY2605541, a novel, long-acting basal insulin, demonstrated greater improvements in glycemic control, increased total hypoglycemia, and reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia, as well as reduced weight and lowered mealtime insulin doses.
Tumor cells expressing a retroviral envelope escape immune rejection<i>in vivo</i> (1998)

A model system for the in vivo control of tumor cell proliferation by the immune system has been used to assay for the possible immunosuppressive activity of retroviral proteins. Expression vectors for the entire or the transmembrane subunit of the Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein were constructed, as well as control vectors for irrelevant transmembrane proteins-or no protein. They were introduced either into MCA205 murine tumor cells, which do not proliferate upon s.c. injection into an allogeneic host, or into CL8.1 murine tumor cells, which overexpress class I antigens and are rejected in a syngeneic host. In both cases, expression of the complete envelope protein or of the transmembrane subunit resulted in tumor growth in vivo, with no effect of control vectors. Tumor cell growth results from inhibition of the host immune response, as the envelope-dependent effect was no more observed for MCA205 cells in syngeneic mice or for CL8.1 cells in x-irradiated mice. This inhibition is local because it is not observed at the level of control tumor cells injected contralaterally. These results suggest a noncanonical function of retroviral envelopes in the "penetrance" of viral infections, as well as a possible involvement of the envelope proteins of endogenous retroviruses in tumoral processes.
Deepwater problems around the world (1999)

Deepwater is whatever depth our industry is struggling to make money in today. Ten years ago, deepwater meant beyond conventional diving depth, say 600 ft. Today in areas where the metocean conditions are kind, development and production in 1000–2000 ft of water is really not news. The shallow end of “deepwater” in most people’s minds is now around 2500 ft, and the battlefront where our struggle to make money is going on is at around 6000 ft (Figure 1). It’s here that engineers and scientists are working beyond their previous limits, making it work for the first time. And it’s entirely consistent with our definition of “deep” that a new word, ultradeep, is beginning to be used for 6000–10 000 ft, where we stop trying to convince the boss that he can make money and instead distract him with visions!
IMD reduction coding to improve the error probability performance of nonlinearly distorted OFDM signals (2005)

Intermodulation distortion (IMD) reduction coding is proposed to improve the error probability performance of nonlinearly distorted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In particular, two IMD reduction coding strategies are considered: one requires knowledge of the system nonlinearity, whereas the other does not. Simulation results demonstrate that in the presence of nonlinearities, the error probability of OFDM systems relying on IMD reduction coding is considerably lower than that of OFDM systems relying on peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction coding. Additionally, simulation results also demonstrate that in the presence of nonlinearities the average out-of-band power generated by IMD reduction coding is similar to that generated by PAPR reduction coding.
Chromium supplementation enhances insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of obese KK/HlJ diabetic mice (2008)

Our data suggest that chromium-containing milk powder supplementation can provide a beneficial effect in diabetic subjects by enhancing insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. The improvement in insulin signalling by chromium was associated with the decreased IRS1-Ser307 phosphorylation, JNK activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.