gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Selectin-mediated Cell Adhesion and Prevention of Acute Inflammation by Nonanticoagulant Sulfated Saccharides (2000)

Selectins play a major role in the inflammatory reaction by initiating neutrophil attachment to activated vascular endothelium. Some heparin preparations can interact with L- and P-selectin; however, the determinants required for inhibiting selectin-mediated cell adhesion have not yet been characterized. We now report that carboxyl-reduced and sulfated heparin (prepared by chemical modifications of porcine intestinal mucosal heparin leading to the replacement of carboxylates by O-sulfate groups) and trestatin A sulfate (obtained by sulfation of trestatin A, a non-uronic pseudo-nonasaccharide extracted from Streptomyces dimorphogenes) exhibit strong anti-P-selectin and anti-L-selectin activity while lacking antithrombin-mediated anticoagulant activity. In vitro experiments revealed that both compounds inhibited P-selectin- and L-selectin-mediated cell adhesion under laminar flow conditions. Moreover, carboxyl-reduced and sulfated heparin and trestatin A sulfate were also active in vivo, as assessed by experiments showing 1) that microinfusion of trestatin A sulfate reduced by 96% leukocyte rolling along rat mesenteric postcapillary venules and 2) that both compounds inhibited (by 58-81%) neutrophil migration into thioglycollate-inflamed peritoneum of BALB/c mice. These results indicate that nonanticoagulant sulfated saccharides targeted at P-selectin and L-selectin may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders.
Accurate Deployment of Vena Cava Filters: Comparison of Intravascular Ultrasound and Contrast Venography (2001)

IVUS is a more accurate method of localizing the renal veins and measuring vena cava diameter for placement of vena cava filters than contrast venography.
Optimizing Queries on Compressed Bitmaps (2000)

Bitmap indices are used by DBMS&apos;s to accelerate decision support queries. A significant advantage of bitmap indices is that complex logical selection operations can be performed very quickly, by performing bit-wise AND, OR, and NOT operators. Although bitmap indices can be space inefficient for high cardinality attributes, the space use of compressed bitmaps compares well to other indexing methods. Oracle and Sybase IQ are two commercial products that make extensive use of compressed bitmap indices. Our recent research showed that there are several fast algorithms for evaluating Boolean operators on compressed bitmaps. Depending on the nature of the operand bitmaps (their format, density and clusterdness) and the operation to be performed (AND, NOT, ...), these algorithms can have execution times that are orders of magnitude different. Choosing an algorithm for performing a Boolean operation has global effects in the Boolean query expression, requiring global optimization. We present a linear time dynamic programming search strategy based on a cost model to optimize query expression evaluation plans. We also present rewriting heuristics that rewrite the query expression to an equivalent one to encourage better algorithms assignments. Our performance results show that the optimizer requires a negligible amount of time to execute, and that optimized complex queries can execute up to three times faster than unoptimized queries on real data. 1
Differentiation of progenitors in the liver: a matter of local choice (2013)

The liver is a complex organ that requires multiple rounds of cell fate decision for development and homeostasis throughout the lifetime. During the earliest phases of organogenesis, the liver acquires a separate lineage from the pancreas and the intestine, and subsequently, the liver bud must appropriately differentiate to form metabolic hepatocytes and cholangiocytes for proper hepatic physiology. In addition, throughout life, the liver is bombarded with chemical and pathological insults, which require the activation and correct differentiation of adult progenitor cells. This Review seeks to provide an overview of the complex signaling relationships that allow these tightly regulated processes to occur.
Thru-Reflect-Line: An Improved Technique for Calibrating the Dual Six-Port Automatic Network Analyzer (1979)

In an earlier paper, the use of a "thru-short-delay" (TSD) technique for calibrating the dual six-port automatic network analyzer was described. Another scheme required only a length of precision transmission line and a "calibration circuit." The better features of these two somewhat different approaches have now been combined and the requirement for either a known short, or a "calibration circuit" eliminated. This paper will develop the theory for this new procedure.
A Second Actin-Like MamK Protein in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 Encoded Outside the Genomic Magnetosome Island (2010)

Magnetotactic bacteria are able to swim navigating along geomagnetic field lines. They synthesize ferromagnetic nanocrystals that are embedded in cytoplasmic membrane invaginations forming magnetosomes. Regularly aligned in the cytoplasm along cytoskeleton filaments, the magnetosome chain effectively forms a compass needle bestowing on bacteria their magnetotactic behaviour. A large genomic island, conserved among magnetotactic bacteria, contains the genes potentially involved in magnetosome formation. One of the genes, mamK has been described as encoding a prokaryotic actin-like protein which when it polymerizes forms in the cytoplasm filamentous structures that provide the scaffold for magnetosome alignment. Here, we have identified a series of genes highly similar to the mam genes in the genome of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1. The newly annotated genes are clustered in a genomic islet distinct and distant from the known magnetosome genomic island and most probably acquired by lateral gene transfer rather than duplication. We focused on a mamK-like gene whose product shares 54.5% identity with the actin-like MamK. Filament bundles of polymerized MamK-like protein were observed in vitro with electron microscopy and in vivo in E. coli cells expressing MamK-like-Venus fusions by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, we demonstrate that mamK-like is transcribed in AMB-1 wild-type and DeltamamK mutant cells and that the actin-like filamentous structures observed in the DeltamamK strain are probably MamK-like polymers. Thus MamK-like is a new member of the prokaryotic actin-like family. This is the first evidence of a functional mam gene encoded outside the magnetosome genomic island.
가토 각막 알칼리 화상에서 Na-Hyaluronan 국소 점안이 각막 실질과 내피 치유에 미치는 영향 (2000)

각막 알칼리 화상에서 Na-Hyaluronan 국소 점안이 각막 실질과 내피 치유에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 5.5 mm 거름 종이를 1N NaOH 용액에 적셔 가토 각막 중앙부에 60초간 올려 놓아 알칼리 화상을 유발한 후, 두 군으로 나누어 1%Na-HA(치료군), 또는 Phosphate buffered saline(PBS) (대조군)을 3주간 하루 4회 점안하였다. 각막을 알리 자린 레드와 트리판 블루로 염색하여 내피의 형태학적 관찰을 시행하고 상처의 중앙부와 경계부에서 다형핵 백혈구(PMNs)와 각막세포(keratocytes)의 수를 세어 실질 치유를 예측하였다. 초기 치유기에 Na-HA로 치료 받은 군에서 실질의 다형핵 백혈구의 침윤이 대조군에 비하여 적었고 수상 후 5일째 내피 결손 면적도 Na-HA 치료군에서 의미 있게 작게 나타났다. 본 연구로 각막 알칼리 화상 후 초기 치유 과정에서 1%Na-HA 점안이 실질과 내피 치유에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다(한안지 41:1631~1637,2000).
The Neoproterozoic Rivieradal Group of Kronprins Christian Land, eastern North Greenland (2004)

The Rivieradal Group, formally defined here, is confined to the Vandredalen thrust sheet of the Caledonian orogen in Kronprins Christian Land, eastern North Greenland. It comprises a succession of Neoproterozoic siliciclastic sediments that represent the fill of a half-graben basin. The syn-rift Rivieradal Group is overlain by post-rift sediments of the Hagen Fjord Group. The latter succession is present in both the thrust sheet and the Caledonian foreland to the west. In the foreland, where the Rivieradal Group is not represented, the Hagen Fjord Group disconformably overlies Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic sandstones of the Independence Fjord Group.
Kinetic Trends in RAFT Homopolymerization from Online Monitoring (2007)

Automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) was used to follow kinetic trends in the reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) in butyl acetate, using 2-{[(dodecylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl]sulfanyl}propanoic acid (DoPAT) as the RAFT agent and 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator (AIBN). The goals were to demonstrate the use of ACOMP for RAFT studies and to examine the trend in conversion and evolution of weight-average molar mass Mw and weight-average intrinsic viscosity [η]w for a series of experiments in which the RAFT agent concentration was decreased over a wide range while all the other reaction conditions were held constant; [DOPAT]/[AIBN] ranged from 0 to 2.4. This allowed monitoring the transition from “living”-like behavior in the “controlled radical polymerization” (CRP) regime, where sufficient RAFT agent was used, to the noncontrolled radical polymerization regime as RAFT agent was progressively reduced to zero. The conversion kinetics were found to be essentially zeroeth order in DoPAT, and deviations from living behavior allowed estimates of radical efficiency. The evolution of Mw vs monomer conversion varied dramatically from near-ideal living behavior at high [DoPAT]/[AIBN] to classical radical polymerization behavior at [DoPAT] = 0. All but one experiment showed a nonzero Mw at f = 0, and the conversion behavior of Mw points to transfer and branching side reactions, depending on [DoPAT]. ACOMP should prove to be a useful tool both for fundamental RAFT research and process development.
Alkali Metal Nitrate-Promoted High-Capacity MgO Adsorbents for Regenerable CO<sub>2</sub> Capture at Moderate Temperatures (2015)

Regenerable high capacity CO2 sorbents are desirable for the establishment of widespread carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems to reduce global CO2 emissions. We report on the marked effects of molten alkali metal nitrates on CO2 uptake by MgO particles and their impact on the development of highly regenerable CO2 adsorbents with high capacity (>10.2 mmol g–1) at moderate temperatures (∼300 °C) under ambient pressure. The molten alkali metal nitrates are shown to prevent the formation of a rigid, CO2-impermeable, unidentate carbonate layer on the surfaces of MgO particles and promote the rapid generation of carbonate ions to allow the high rate of CO2 uptake.
A class of (12, 8) codes for correcting single errors and detecting double errors within a nibble (1993)

A class of (12, 8) codes is given that corrects all single errors, and detects all double errors in the three nibbles. It is shown that there exist three distinct solutions to this problem. One of these can be implemented with an LS636/7 chip. It is also shown that there do not exist any other codes except these three which correct all single errors and detect adjacent double errors confined to a nibble.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid Routing Protocol Based on the k-hop Clustering Structure for MANETs (2009)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing protocol based on the k-hop clustering structure for MANETs. The source sends packets to the destination directly if it is in the source's neighbor table; otherwise the source reactively sends the route request packet (RREQ) to trigger the routing process. Instead of adopting the nodes that forwards the RREQ as the route between the source and destination, the route reply packet (RREP) is broadcasted via the nodes in the clusters that the RREQ has ever passed to find the route. The route constructed in this way can avoid the clusterheads always being in the transmission route and collapsing due to overloading. In comparison with the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), the proposed protocol can distribute the communication workload from the clusterheads to member nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol has better packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay time than that of CBRP.
Hybrid Magnetoelectric Nanowires for Nanorobotic Applications: Fabrication, Magnetoelectric Coupling, and Magnetically Assisted In Vitro Targeted Drug Delivery (2016)

An FeGa@P(VDF-TrFE) wire-shaped magnetoelectric nanorobot is designed and fabricated to demonstrate a proof-of-concept integrated device, which features wireless locomotion and on-site triggered therapeutics with a single external power source (i.e., a magnetic field). The device can be precisely steered toward a targeted location wirelessly by rotating magnetic fields and perform on-demand magnetoelectrically assisted drug release to kill cancer cells.
Identification of a guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) in human neuroblastoma. (1988)

It has been found that neuroblastoma contains a relatively high immunoreactivity for the alpha subunit of guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) (G(o) alpha) (Kato et al., Cancer Res. 47, 5800-5805, 1987), which is predominantly localized in the nervous tissues and neuroendocrine cells. To make clear whether neuroblastoma indeed produces G(o) alpha, we purified a guanine nucleotide-binding protein from human neuroblastoma and compared it with G(o) alpha from human brain. A guanine nucleotide-binding protein serving as the specific substrate of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, was purified from a human neuroblastoma tissue obtained at surgical resection. The protein had a molecular mass of 39 kDa and reacted with rabbit antibodies to bovine G(o) alpha. Heat stability and kinetics of guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate binding of this protein were very similar to those of G(o) alpha purified from human brain. The results of peptide mapping analysis with a limited proteolysis and amino acid analysis indicated that there was no difference between these proteins. Therefore, it was concluded that this guanine nucleotide-binding protein isolated from neuroblastoma was very similar, if not identical, to brain G(o) alpha.
Measurements and mitigation of peer-to-peer-based botnets: a case study on storm worm (2008)

Botnets, i.e., networks of compromised machines under a common control infrastructure, are commonly controlled by an attacker with the help of a central server: all compromised machines connect to the central server and wait for commands. However, the first botnets that use peer-to-peer (P2P) networks for remote control of the compromised machines appeared in the wild recently. In this paper, we introduce a methodology to analyze and mitigate P2P botnets. In a case study, we examine in detail the Storm Worm botnet, the most wide-spread P2P botnet currently propagating in the wild. We were able to infiltrate and analyze in-depth the botnet, which allows us to estimate the total number of compromised machines. Furthermore, we present two different ways to disrupt the communication channel between controller and compromised machines in order to mitigate the botnet and evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms.
Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>−Graphene Hybrid as a High-Capacity Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries (2010)

We developed two-step solution-phase reactions to form hybrid materials of Mn(3)O(4) nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for lithium ion battery applications. Selective growth of Mn(3)O(4) nanoparticles on RGO sheets, in contrast to free particle growth in solution, allowed for the electrically insulating Mn(3)O(4) nanoparticles to be wired up to a current collector through the underlying conducting graphene network. The Mn(3)O(4) nanoparticles formed on RGO show a high specific capacity up to ∼900 mAh/g, near their theoretical capacity, with good rate capability and cycling stability, owing to the intimate interactions between the graphene substrates and the Mn(3)O(4) nanoparticles grown atop. The Mn(3)O(4)/RGO hybrid could be a promising candidate material for a high-capacity, low-cost, and environmentally friendly anode for lithium ion batteries. Our growth-on-graphene approach should offer a new technique for the design and synthesis of battery electrodes based on highly insulating materials.
Sentinel-Lymphknotenbiopsie beim Mammakarzinom (2006)

Die Sentinel-Lymphknotenbiopsie (SLNB) hat sich innerhalb von wenigen Jahren als ein Standardverfahren für das axilläre Staging beim frühen Mammakarzinom etabliert.
High Availability Cluster Failover Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Networks (2015)

Cloud computing is popular for its utility based computing model for business. As we consume compute as a utility, There comes a question about Availability and reliability of the service. Business requires high available computation/application infrastructure which provides nearly continuous application availability. Many High Availability applications in market are configured into a cluster, which typically involves at least two systems or more. The cluster monitors the critical resources for changes that may indicate a failure and trigger fall over operation to one of the cluster system based on policies (explained in detail in further sections). When a high available cluster is deployed having large number of systems as a part of cluster, it becomes cumbersome for a cluster to monitor the health and to detect the best available node for the resource to fall over. In Cloud environment where cluster systems can be used for other applications during idle time, these policies may not serve the purpose for fall over as the required CPU/memory/network for the highly available application may fall short because of the applications already running on the fall over node. So in this paper we present the way to detect the best system on which application has to fall over using artificial neural networks. Based on the parameters such as available CPU, Memory, Network load. Artificial neural network monitors the nodes and chooses the best node on which application to fallover.
Escherichia coli MazF Leads to the Simultaneous Selective Synthesis of Both “Death Proteins” and “Survival Proteins” (2009)

The Escherichia coli mazEF module is one of the most thoroughly studied toxin-antitoxin systems. mazF encodes a stable toxin, MazF, and mazE encodes a labile antitoxin, MazE, which prevents the lethal effect of MazF. MazF is an endoribonuclease that leads to the inhibition of protein synthesis by cleaving mRNAs at ACA sequences. Here, using 2D-gels, we show that in E. coli, although MazF induction leads to the inhibition of the synthesis of most proteins, the synthesis of an exclusive group of proteins, mostly smaller than about 20 kDa, is still permitted. We identified some of those small proteins by mass spectrometry. By deleting the genes encoding those proteins from the E. coli chromosome, we showed that they were required for the death of most of the cellular population. Under the same experimental conditions, which induce mazEF-mediated cell death, other such proteins were found to be required for the survival of a small sub-population of cells. Thus, MazF appears to be a regulator that induces downstream pathways leading to death of most of the population and the continued survival of a small sub-population, which will likely become the nucleus of a new population when growth conditions become less stressful.
Motion estimation techniques for digital TV: a review and a new contribution (1995)

The key to high performance in image sequence coding lies in an efficient reduction of the temporal redundancies. For this purpose, motion estimation and compensation techniques have been successfully applied. This paper studies motion estimation algorithms in the context of first generation coding techniques commonly used in digital TV. In this framework, estimating the motion in the scene is not an intrinsic goal. Motion estimation should indeed provide good temporal prediction and simultaneously require low overhead information. More specifically the aim is to minimize globally the bandwidth corresponding to both the prediction error information and the motion parameters. This paper first clarifies the notion of motion, reviews classical motion estimation techniques, and outlines new perspectives. Block matching techniques are shown to be the most appropriate in the framework of first generation coding. To overcome the drawbacks characteristic of most block matching techniques, this paper proposes a new locally adaptive multigrid block matching motion estimation technique. This algorithm has been designed taking into account the above aims. It leads to a robust motion field estimation precise prediction along moving edges and a decreased amount of side information in uniform areas. Furthermore, the algorithm controls the accuracy of the motion estimation procedure in order to optimally balance the amount of information corresponding to the prediction error and to the motion parameters. Experimental results show that the technique results in greatly enhanced visual quality and significant saving in terms of bit rate when compared to classical block matching techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser sintering of direct write silver nano-ink conductors for microelectronic applications (2008)

Direct Write Technologies are reaching the goal of entirely printable microelectronic devices on flexible polymeric substrates. In the present work, nanoparticle inks deposited on low temperature polyimide substrates using Maskless Mesoscale Material Deposition (M3D®) technology were laser sintered using a continuous wave 1.06 micron Nd:YAG laser. In-situ measurements were made during sintering to capture the dynamic change in bulk resistivity as a function of deposited energy per volume of sintered material. It was shown that less than 0.05-μJ/μm<sup>3</sup> started the sintering and 0.34-μJ/μm<sup>3</sup> was enough for sintering the deposited samples regardless of initial resistance.
WWN-8: Incremental Online Stereo with Shape-from-X Using Life-Long Big Data from Multiple Modalities (2015)

When a child lives in the real world, from infancy to adulthood, his retinae receive a flood of stereo sensory stream. His muscles produce another action stream. How does the child's brain deal with such big data from multiple sensory modalities (left- and right-eye modalities) and multiple effector modalities (location, disparity map, and shape type)? This capability incrementally learns to produce simple-to-complex sensorimotor behaviors — autonomous development. We present a model that incrementally fuses such an open-ended life-long stream and updates the “brain” online so the perceived world is 3D. Traditional methods for shape- from-X use a particular type of cue X (e.g., stereo disparity, shading, etc.) to compute depths or local shapes based on a handcrafted physical model. Such a model likely results in a brit- tle system because of the fluctuation of the availability of the cue. An embodiment of the Developmental Network (DN), called Stereo Where-What Network (WWN-8), learns to per- form simultaneous attention and recognition, while developing invariances in location, disparity, shape, and surface type, so that multiple cues can automatically fill in if a particular type of cue (e.g., texture) is missing locally from the real world. We report some experiments: 1) dynamic synapse retraction and growth as a method of developing receptive fields. 2) training for recognizing 3D objects directly in cluttered natural backgrounds. 3) integration of depth perception with location and type information. The experiments used stereo images and motor actions on the order of 105 frames. Potential applications include driver assistance for road safety, mobile robots, autonomous navigation, and autonomous vision-guided manipulators.