gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arterial Pulsation-driven Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Perivascular Space: A Computational Model (2003)

This study was conducted to determine whether local arterial pulsations are sufficient to cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow along perivascular spaces (PVS) within the spinal cord. A theoretical model of the perivascular space surrounding a "typical" small artery was analysed using computational fluid dynamics. Systolic pulsations were modelled as travelling waves on the arterial wall. The effects of wave geometry and variable pressure conditions on fluid flow were investigated. Arterial pulsations induce fluid movement in the PVS in the direction of arterial wave travel. Perivascular flow continues even in the presence of adverse pressure gradients of a few kilopascals. Flow rates are greater with increasing pulse wave velocities and arterial deformation, as both an absolute amplitude and as a proportion of the PVS. The model suggests that arterial pulsations are sufficient to cause fluid flow in the perivascular space even against modest adverse pressure gradients. Local increases in flow in this perivascular pumping mechanism or reduction in outflow may be important in the etiology of syringomyelia.
The Role of Interleukin-6 in Nociception and Pain (2003)

That IL-6 is an interesting target in the study of pain is underscored by its biomolecular properties, its localization after experimental pain, and its modulating effect on pain after administration.
Specific Assembly with the NMDA Receptor 3B Subunit Controls Surface Expression and Calcium Permeability of NMDA Receptors (2003)

The NMDA receptor 3B (NR3B) subunit is the most recently identified member of the NMDA receptor family. In heterologous cells, it has been shown to reduce the Ca2+ permeability of glutamatergic receptor complexes formed together with NR1 and NR2 subunits and to form the unique excitatory glycine receptor complex with the NR1 subunit. However, it is unclear whether NR3B protein is expressed in and exerts similar functions in neurons. In addition, it is not understood how NR3B interacts with NR1 and NR2 and how such an interaction may regulate the membrane trafficking of the NMDA receptor complex. Here we report that our analysis using an antibody specific for NR3B showed that the NR3B protein is selectively expressed in somatic motor neurons in the brainstem of adult mice. Coimmunoprecipitation and electrophysiological analyses demonstrated that NR3B, when exogenously introduced into hippocampal neurons, can coassemble with endogenous NR1 and NR2A and can reduce the Ca2+ permeability of NMDA currents. In contrast, NR3B was not involved in the excitatory glycine response in neurons under our test conditions. Although NR1 or NR3B alone cannot be transported to the cell surface, coexpression of these subunits mutually supported transport of the NMDA receptor complex by interaction involving the specific regions of the C terminus of NR3B. These results indicate that NR3B may modulate the function of NMDA receptors in somatic motor neurons during adulthood by controlling membrane trafficking and by reducing Ca2+ permeability.
The 'Pro Caelio': Cicero's Dramatic Tapestry (2009)

Cicero's 'Pro Caelio' can be distinguished1 from his other forensic speeches because of its overtly theatrical style. Cicero effectively employs a number of dramatic techniques to serve his purpose to render his audience 'attenti' and 'benivoli'. As Austin notes in his commentary to the text, 'the three traditional functions of the orator were 'docere', 'delectare', 'movere''. Cicero's speech is especially concerned with the third of these, the 'grand style'. Notably, Cicero's ability to characterise his client, the prosecution and himself differentiates the 'Pro Caelio' from other orations and marks his ability as one of Rome's finest orators. This essay will examine how Cicero's overtly theatrical style is largely advantageous to his case and how he cleverly weaves mythology and 'fabulae' into his dramatic tapestry.
Prediction cubes (2005)

In this paper, we introduce a new family of tools for exploratory data analysis, called prediction cubes. As in standard OLAP data cubes, each cell in a prediction cube contains a value that summarizes the data belonging to that cell, and the granularity of cells can be changed via operations such as roll-up and drill-down. In contrast to data cubes, in which each cell value is computed by an aggregate function, e.g., SUM or AVG, each cell value in a prediction cube summarizes a predictive model trained on the data corresponding to that cell, and characterizes its decision behavior or predictiveness. In this paper, we propose and motivate prediction cubes, and show that they can be efficiently computed by exploiting the idea of model decomposition.
Iron and Virulence in the Family Enterobacteriaceae (1988)

The ability of bacterial pathogens to acquire iron in the host is an essential component of the disease process. Pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae spp. may either scavenge host iron sources such as heme or induce high-affinity iron-transport systems to remove iron from host proteins. The ease with which iron is acquired from the host will be at least partially determined by the iron status of the host at the time of infection. In response to infection, mammalian hosts reduce serum iron levels and withhold iron from the invading microorganisms. Thus the competition for iron is an active process which influences the outcome of a host-bacterial interaction.
An Integrated Dead Reckoning with Cooperative Positioning Solution to Assist GPS NLOS Using Vehicular Communications (2018)

In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) paradigm based on the WAVE IEEE 802.11p standard is the main alternative for inter-vehicle communications. Recently, many protocols, applications, and services have been developed with a wide range of objectives, ranging from comfort to security. Most of these services rely on location systems and require different levels of accuracy for their full operation. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an off-the-shelf solution for localization in VANETs and ITS. However, GPS systems present problems regarding inaccuracy and unavailability in dense urban areas, multilevel roads, and tunnels, posing a challenge for protocols, applications, and services that rely on localization. With this motivation, we carried out a characterization of the problems of inaccuracy and unavailability of GPS systems from real datasets, and regions around tunnels were selected. Since the nodes of the vehicular network are endowed with wireless communication, processing and storage capabilities, an integrated Dead Reckoning aided Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP)-based Cooperative Positioning solution was developed and evaluated. Leveraging the potential of vehicular sensors, such as odometers, gyroscopes, and digital compasses, vehicles share their positions and kinematics information using vehicular communication to improve their location estimations. With the assistance of a digital map, vehicles adjust the final estimated position using the road geometry. The situations of GPS unavailability characterized in the datasets were reproduced in a simulation environment to validate the proposed localization solution. The simulation results show average gains in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between 97% to 98% in comparison with the stand-alone GPS solution, and 83.00% to 88.00% against the GPS and Dead Reckoning (DR) only solution. The average absolute RMSE was reduced to the range of 3 to 5 m by vehicle. In addition, the proposed solution was shown to support 100% of the GPS unavailability zones on the evaluated scenarios.
Anaerobic Bioremediation of Benzene under Sulfate-Reducing Conditions in a Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifer (2000)

The addition of sulfate to an anaerobic petroleum-contaminated aquifer in which benzene was a major soluble contaminant resulted in removal of benzene from the groundwater. The loss in benzene was associated with a decrease in sulfate along the groundwater flow path, relative to a conservative bromide tracer. Studies with [2-14C]acetate and molybdate demonstrated that sulfate reduction was the predominant terminal electron-accepting process (TEAP) in the sulfate-amended sediments, and studies with [14C]benzene indicated that benzene oxidation was dependent upon sulfate reduction. Abundant ferrous iron in the subsurface likely prevented the generation of free sulfide in the groundwater during the field trial. Comparisons of benzene and sulfate depletion in the treatment zone indicated that benzene degradation could account for 53% of the sulfate depletion. These results suggest that the addition of sulfate stimulated the activity of benzene-degrading, sulfate-reducing microorganisms. This is the first field study demonstrating that it is possible to stimulate anaerobic benzene degradation in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer.
Evaluation of serum sialic acid, sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in oral cavity cancer (2003)

Our results confirmed the elevations in sialic acid and sialyltransferase levels in OC patients and suggested potential utility of these parameters in prognostication and treatment monitoring of this neoplasm. The alterations in these parameters in circulation were in accordance with the changes in alpha 2-6 sialylated proteins.
Axillary Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Surgical Treatment by Early Wide Excision and Skin Grafting (2004)

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, debilitating disease of apocrine gland-bearing skin. It leads to painful eruptions with malodorous discharge and causes significant morbidity. Thorough treatment should regard wide excision and skin grafting, especially in young patients. Post operative physical training is important to prevent limitation of shoulder movement. We present three cases from 2001 to 2004 and review the literature.
Synergistic Effect between Pd and Nonstoichiometric Cerium Oxide for Oxygen Activation in Methane Oxidation (1998)

The catalytic behavior of activated oxygen on Pd/CeO2-x/Al2O3 catalyst as well as the synergistic effect between Pd and nonstoichiometric cerium oxide has been revealed through methane oxidation by comparison with Pd catalysts such as Pd/CeO2/Al2O3, Pd/CeO2/SiO2, Pd/Al2O3, and Pd/SiO2 catalysts. The highest activity for methane oxidation was observed on the Pd/CeO2-x/Al2O3 catalyst. This was ascribed to the deactivation of Pd, which was inhibited by the oxygen spillover from Pd to CeO2-x, where the enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC) was observed by the nonstoichiometric structure and the oxygen species were reversibly stored/released in the presence of methane. Kinetics studies of methane oxidation resulted in it being first order with respect to methane and a half order with respect to oxygen for Pd/CeO2-x/Al2O3 but nearly zero order with respect to oxygen for other catalysts. From temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), reduction (TPR), oxidation (TPO), and 18O tracer technique analyses, it was found that the oxygen species in Pd/CeO2-x/Al2O3 behave reversibly, going from Pd to the lattice of cerium oxide by the spillover, and then are consumed on Pd in methane oxidation by the inverse spillover from cerium oxide. It is thus concluded that the high activity of oxygen activation on the Pd/CeO2-x/Al2O3 catalyst is induced by both the nonstoichiometric structure of cerium oxide and Pd as the active center.
ELECTRONIC MESSAGING USING VRC (VEHICLE TO ROADSIDE COMMUNICATIONS) (1994)

This paper describes an electronic messaging system (also known as in-vehicle signing) for IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle-Highway System) applications based on the VRC (Vehicle to Roadside Communications) system. Driver inattentiveness, poor visibility, and information overload all interfere with the driver's ability to read and acknowledge fixed message roadway signs. An electronic messaging system improves the present highway sign system by providing the message to the driver in the vehicle and by sending dynamic safety and warning information (such as railroad crossing, ice on bridge, high wind, deer crossing, etc.). Convenience information such as food, gas, lodging, intersections, and other items of interest can be provided. The VRC system using the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) protocol provides the infrastructure for the electronic messaging system.
The Evaluation of Training: (1994)

Recognizes the difficulties of evaluating training and argues that what is required to make it more effective is the adoption of an integrated approach to evaluation and, most significantly, the creation of an appropriate organizational culture, which promotes and recognizes the value of evaluation in general and training evaluation in particular. Discusses reasons for the absence of, or ineffective practice of, evaluation within so many organizations and these are shown to be related to organizational cultures which discourage training evaluation, especially organizational‐level evaluation. Discusses the nature and meaning of organizational culture from a practical point of view before providing advice to those responsible for training about how they can attempt to change an organization′s culture towards one which supports and values the evaluation of training.
Gesture Keyboard USING MACHINE LEARNING (2014)

The market for mobile devices is expanding rapidly. Input of text is a large part of using a mobile device and an input method that is convenient and fast is therefore very interesting. Gesture keyboards allow the user to input text by dragging a finger over the letters in the desired word. This study investigates if enhancements of gesture keyboards can be accomplished using machine learning. A gesture keyboard was developed based on an algorithm which used a Multilayer Perceptron with backpropagation and evaluated. The results indicate that the evaluated implementation is not an optimal solution to the problem of recognizing swiped words.
Engineering Terpene Biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces</i> for Production of the Advanced Biofuel Precursor Bisabolene (2014)

The past decade has witnessed a large influx of research toward the creation of sustainable, biologically derived fuels. While significant effort has been exerted to improve production capacity in common hosts, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, studies concerning alternate microbes comparatively lag. In an effort to expand the breadth of characterized hosts for fuel production, we map the terpene biosynthetic pathway in a model actinobacterium, Streptomyces venezuelae, and further alter secondary metabolism to afford the advanced biofuel precursor bisabolene. Leveraging information gained from study of the native isoprenoid pathway, we were able to increase bisabolene titer nearly 5-fold over the base production strain, more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the combined terpene yield in the wild-type host. We also explored production on carbon sources of varying complexity to, notably, define this host as one able to perform consolidated bioprocessing.
Various regions within the alpha-helical domain of theCOL1A1 gene are fused to the second exon of thePDGFB gene in dermatofibrosarcomas and giant-cell fibroblastomas (1998)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) and its juvenile form, giant-cell fibroblastoma (GCF), are uncommon infiltrative tumors of the dermis, which present unique cytogenetic features, such as the reciprocal translocation t(17;22) or, more commonly, supernumerary ring chromosomes containing sequences from chromosomes 17 and 22. We have recently shown that these aberrations are cytogenetic manifestations of gene fusions between the platelet-derived growth factor B-chain gene (PDGFB), the cellular equivalent of the v-sis oncogene, and the collagen type 1 alpha 1 gene (COL1A1), the major protein constituent of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue of skin. We now report characterization of COL1A1/PDGFB chimeric genes at the RNA and DNA sequence levels in a series of DFSPs and GCFs. All 16 tumors studied contained the COL1A1/PDGFB gene. The location of breakpoints within COL1A1 varied greatly, but was always limited to the region encoding the alpha-helical domain. The PDGFB segment of the chimeric transcript always starts with exon 2, placing PDGFB under the control of the COL1A1 promoter and removing all known elements negatively controlling PDGFB transcription and translation. Production of these aberrant transcripts in fibroblasts, the suspected cell of origin of DFSP/GCF, likely causes autocrine stimulation and cell proliferation. No specific function has yet been assigned to exon 2 of PDGFB, and this exon does not encode for the mature growth factor. Its retention in all chimeric COL1A1/PDGFB genes suggests that it is important for the normal processing of the PDGFB polypeptide.
Transgenic expression of the human LEDGF/p75 gene relieves the species barrier against HIV-1 infection in mouse cells (2013)

Attempts to create mouse models for AIDS have been hampered by species barriers in HIV-1 infection. We previously showed that the nuclear accumulation of HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) was suppressed in mouse cells. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a host factor identified as a binding partner of integrase (IN), and has been suggested to be involved in promoting viral integration by tethering PIC to the chromatin, which are observed as nuclear accumulation of IN by LEDGF/p75. Therefore, we here hypothesized that this host factor might act as one of the species-specific barriers in mouse cells. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice that constitutively express human (h) LEDGF/p75. The GFP-fused IN was efficiently accumulated into the nucleus of hLEDGF/p75 expressing Tg mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in contrast to the control MEF cells. Importantly, hLEDGF/p75 Tg MEF cells were significantly more susceptible to HIV-1 infection. These results suggest that LEDGF/p75 is one of the host factors that constitute species barrier against HIV-1 in mouse cells.
Enterprise Java platform data access (1998)

This paper describes alternative methods for data access that are available to developers using the Java™ platform and related technologies to create a new generation of enterprise applications. The paper highlights industry trends and describes Java technologies that are responsible for a new paradigm in data access. Java technology represents a new level of portability, scalability, and ease-of-use for applications that require data access.
The structural peculiarities of condensed DNA micro- and nanoparticles formed in PCR (2013)

Studies of DNA condensation have opened new perspectives in biotechnology and medicine. DNA condensation induced by polyamines or trivalent metal ions in vitro at room temperature has been investigated in detail. Our recent studies have demonstrated Mg(2+)-mediated formation of DNA condensates during the PCR. In this study, we report the unique morphology and fine structure of PCR-generated condensed DNA particles using electron and atomic force microscopy. The principal morphologies of studied DNA condensates are 3D particles of micrometer dimensions, oval microdisks of nanometer thickness, filaments, and compact nano-sized particles. SEM examinations have revealed a new structural type of spherical and elliptical 3D microparticles formed by numerous definitely oriented microdisks and their segments. AFM revealed a granular structure of the microdisk surface and the smallest nano-sized disks and thinnest nanofibrils - that appear to be the primary products of DNA condensation during the PCR. We suggest that the formation of DNA nanofibrils and nanodisks in PCR occurs due to Mg(2+) - mediated intermolecular (lateral) and intramolecular condensation of ssDNA. Aggregation of elementary nanodisks in the course of thermal PCR cycles, occurring both by magnesium cations and via complementary interactions, give a rise to large nano-sized aggregates and more complex microparticles.
Evaluation of tensile strength of surgical synthetic absorbable suture materials: an <i>in vitro</i> study (2013)

4-0 sutures are stronger and have greater tensile strength than 5-0 sutures. The PGA 4-0 suture showed the highest tensile strength at the end of day 10.
Conditional Expression of a Truncated Fragment of Nonmuscle Myosin II-A Alters Cell Shape but Not Cytokinesis in HeLa Cells (2000)

A truncated fragment of the nonmuscle myosin II-A heavy chain (NMHC II-A) lacking amino acids 1-591, delta N592, was used to examine the cellular functions of this protein. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused to the amino terminus of full-length human NMHC II-A, NMHC II-B, and delta N592 and the fusion proteins were stably expressed in HeLa cells by using a conditional expression system requiring absence of doxycycline. The HeLa cell line studied normally expressed only NMHC II-A and not NMHC II-B protein. Confocal microscopy indicated that the GFP fusion proteins of full-length NMHC II-A, II-B, and delta N592 were localized to stress fibers. However, in vitro assays showed that baculovirus-expressed delta N592 did not bind to actin, suggesting that delta N592 was localized to actin stress fibers through incorporation into endogenous myosin filaments. There was no evidence for the formation of heterodimers between the full-length endogenous nonmuscle myosin and truncated nonmuscle MHCs. Expression of delta N592, but not full-length NMHC II-A or NMHC II-B, induced cell rounding with rearrangement of actin filaments and disappearance of focal adhesions. These cells returned to their normal morphology when expression of delta N592 was repressed by addition of doxycycline. We also show that GFP-tagged full-length NMHC II-A or II-B, but not delta N592, were localized to the cytokinetic ring during mitosis, indicating that, in vertebrates, the amino-terminus part of mammalian nonmuscle myosin II may be necessary for localization to the cytokinetic ring.
Complex Plasmas Liquid Crystal (2011)

Ordered structures of rodlike (cylindricaりparticlesin de and rf gas discharge plasmas were investigated. It was shown theoretically and observed experimentally that only two orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the external electric field) of cylindrical particles are possible, and that changing of discharge parameters can result in changing of the particle orientation.