gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile Quantification of Enantiomeric Excess <i>and</i> Concentration with Indicator-Displacement Assays:  An Example in the Analyses of α-Hydroxyacids (2004)

An enantioselective indicator-displacement assay was developed to determine enantiomeric excess (ee) and concentration of α-hydroxyacid samples with two independent absorption measurements. The inherent relationship between the absorbance of the indicator-displacement ensemble and the overall concentration and ee of the analyte was established through solution equilibria.
4(1H)-Pyridone and 4(1H)-Quinolone Derivatives as Antimalarials with Erythrocytic, Exoerythrocytic, and Transmission Blocking Activities (2014)

Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of deaths in the world with malaria being responsible for approximately the same amount of deaths as cancer in 2012. Despite the success in malaria prevention and control measures decreasing the disease mortality rate by 45% since 2000, the development of single-dose therapeutics with radical cure potential is required to completely eradicate this deadly condition. Targeting multiple stages of the malaria parasite is becoming a primary requirement for new candidates in antimalarial drug discovery and development. Recently, 4(1H)- pyridone, 4(1H)-quinolone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridone, and phenoxyethoxy-4(1H)-quinolone chemotypes have been shown to be antimalarials with blood stage activity, liver stage activity, and transmission blocking activity. Advancements in structure-activity relationship and structure-property relationship studies, biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo, as well as pharmacokinetics of the 4(1H)-pyridone and 4(1H)-quinolone chemotypes are discussed.
The Use of Ionizing Radiation for Fixing Textile Resins on Wool (1980)

Ambient-temperature treatments with ionizing radiation can be used as an alternative to conventional thermal/ catalytic cure methods of fixing textile resins on wool materials. The effectiveness of the radiation-induced fixation of resins on wool has been demonstrated by machine-wash shrinkage tests on fabrics treated with a variety of commercial polymer resins.
An efficient modeling approach for substrate noise coupling analysis (2003)

A computationally efficient and accurate substrate noise coupling model for heavily doped CMOS processes is presented and validated with simulations and experimental data. The model is based on Z parameters that are scalable with contact separation and size. This results in fast extraction of substrate resistances for large circuit examples. Several examples demonstrate that this approach can be orders of magnitude faster than currently available techniques for substrate resistance extraction. The computed substrate resistances are within 10% of numerical simulations.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Can Tolerate an Intergenic Sequence of at Least 160 Nucleotides with Little Effect on Transcription or Replication In Vitro and In Vivo (2000)

The intergenic sequences (IGS) between the first nine genes of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vary in length from 1 to 56 nucleotides and lack apparent conserved sequence motifs. To investigate their influence on sequential transcription and viral growth, recombinant RSV strain A2, from which the SH gene had been deleted to facilitate manipulation, was further modified to contain an M-G IGS of 16, 30, 44, 58, 65, 72, 86, 100, 120, 140, or 160 nucleotides. All of the viruses were viable. For viruses with an M-G IGS of 100 nucleotides or more, plaque size decreased with increasing IGS length. In this same length range, increasing IGS length was associated with modest attenuation during single-step, but not multistep, growth in HEp-2 cells. Surprisingly, Northern blot analysis of the accumulation of six different mRNAs indicated that there was little or no change in transcription with increasing IGS length. Thus, the RSV polymerase apparently can readily cross IGS of various lengths, including unnaturally long ones, with little or no effect on the efficiency of termination and reinitiation. This finding supports the view that the IGS do not have much effect on sequential transcription and provides evidence from infectious virus that IGS length is not an important regulatory feature. To evaluate replication in vivo, BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with RSV containing an M-G IGS of 65, 140, or 160 nucleotides. Replication of the latter two viruses was decreased up to 5- and 25-fold in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, respectively, on day 3 following infection. However, the level of replication at both sites on days 4 and 5 was very similar to that of the virus with an IGS of 65 nucleotides. Thus, the modest attenuation in vivo associated with the longer IGS was additive to that conferred by deletion of the SH gene and might be useful to incrementally increase the level of attenuation of a live-attenuated vaccine virus.
Development of fully automated quantitative capillary electrophoresis with high accuracy and repeatability (2015)

A quantitative capillary electrophoresis (qCE) was developed by utilizing a rotary type of nano-volume injector, an autosampler, and a thermostat with cooling capacity. The accuracy and precision were greatly improved compared with conventional capillary electrophoresis. The 10 nL volume accuracy was guaranteed by the carefully designed nano-injector with an accurate internal loop. The system repeatability (precision) in terms of RSD <0.5% for migration time and 1% for peak area were achieved by using DMSO as a test sample. We believe that this fully automated qCE system has the potential to be employed broadly in quality control and quality assurance in the pharmaceutical industry.
Phased-array advancement for aeroacoustic measurements—A deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources (DAMAS) (2007)

Since the 1990s, there has been a significant increase in the use of phased arrays of microphones in studies of noise sources for both wind tunnel models and full-scale aircraft. This is in spite of the fact that array data interpretation has been burdened with considerable uncertainty when using traditional array processing. Results represent noise sources that are convolved with array beamform response functions, which themselves depend on array geometry, size, and frequency. Recently, Langley Research Center developed breakthrough methodology that decouples the array design and processing influence from the noise being measured, using a relatively simple and robust algorithm. The deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources (DAMAS) method removes beamforming characteristics from output presentations. This presentation shows results from several airframe noise studies and a MIT air brake noise study conducted at Langley’s Quiet Flow Facility (QFF). It is shown that DAMAS can permit an unambiguous and accurate determination of acoustic source positions and strengths that cannot be otherwise attained. The acoustic community is accepting the methodology and applying it to other applications. At Langley, recent enhancements have been made to the original DAMAS code that allow the determination and separation of coherent and incoherent noise source distributions.
Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic C–H Amination of Substituted 1,3‐Dienes (2014)

Abstract A catalytic method for the selective allylic C–H amination of dienes and trienes using arylhydroxylamines has been developed. This iron‐catalyzed approach involves the in situ generation of activated nitrosoarenes, which in turn react with dienes or trienes to give the corresponding aminomethyl dienes or trienes as the major products, and hetero‐Diels–Alder adducts as minor products. The selectivity depends on the structures of both the catalyst and the substrate. We have also studied substituent effects using p ‐substituted phenylhydroxylamines.
Introduction to Microfluidic Techniques (2007)

Abstract This chapter provides an introduction to concepts of microfluidics and microfluidic design. First, terms are defined and basic fluid dynamic relationships are introduced. Physical aspects and design consequences of working with fluid flow at the microscale are described. Then, the determination of the preferred scale for various applications of microfluidic devices is discussed. Finally, various kinds of fluid flow typical of microdevices are described in more detail, including gravity‐ and pressure‐driven flow, flow through packed media, electrokinetic flow, capillary‐driven flow, and absorption‐driven flow.
Terahertz Fiber Bragg Grating for Distributed Sensing (2015)

This letter reports a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for distributed sensing applications fabricated using single-mode optical fiber and a femtosecond laser and interrogated in the terahertz (THz) range. A theoretical model of device behavior was derived, which agreed well with experimentally observed device behavior. In order to investigate the utility of THZ FBGs (THz FBGs) as a sensing modality, temperature tests were conducted. The results demonstrated a sensitivity of -1.32 GHz/°C and a detection resolution of <;0.0017 °C. A temperature distribution test was also conducted using a THz FBG, demonstrating its potential as a distributed sensing platform with high spatial resolution. The feasibility of interrogating THz FBGs using narrow interrogation bandwidths was also experimentally shown.
The Sleep-inducing Lipid Oleamide Deconvolutes Gap Junction Communication and Calcium Wave Transmission in Glial Cells (1997)

Oleamide is a sleep-inducing lipid originally isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of sleep-deprived cats. Oleamide was found to potently and selectively inactivate gap junction-mediated communication between rat glial cells. In contrast, oleamide had no effect on mechanically stimulated calcium wave transmission in this same cell type. Other chemical compounds traditionally used as inhibitors of gap junctional communication, like heptanol and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, blocked not only gap junctional communication but also intercellular calcium signaling. Given the central role for intercellular small molecule and electrical signaling in central nervous system function, oleamide- induced inactivation of glial cell gap junction channels may serve to regulate communication between brain cells, and in doing so, may influence higher order neuronal events like sleep induction.
CMUTs with dual electrode structure for improved transmit and receive performance (2005)

We report on the use of a dual electrode structure to improve the performance of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs.). In the dual electrode structure, separate transmit and receive electrodes are embedded either in the same CMUT membrane or in the dielectric substrate beneath the same membrane. This configuration has several advantages. First, the maximum pressure amplitude during transmit mode can be significantly increased by locating the transmit electrodes near the edges of the membrane. In this case, leveraged bending increases the maximum displacement without collapsing the membrane. Second, since the DC bias of the electrodes can be controlled independently, the device capacitance can be increased during the receive time by biasing both receive and transmit electrodes. Additionally, separate electronics can be used for transmit and receive without the need for a switch. We have fabricated a 0.3/spl times/0.65 mm/sup 2/ CMUT element consisting of 20 /spl mu/m wide, 100 /spl mu/m long and 0.9 /spl mu/m thick rectangular silicon nitride membranes. The transmit electrodes are 4 /spl mu/m wide and located at the edges of the membrane, whereas the 8 /spl mu/m wide receive electrode is at the center. With this non-optimized structure, we measured a 6.8 dB increase in maximum output pressure at 9 MHz with side electrode excitation. We also demonstrated the possibility of using dual electrodes for simultaneous excitation and detection of several CMUT membrane vibration modes.
Nuclear matrix localization of high mobility group protein I(Y) in a transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer (2003)

Abstract Nuclear shape and the underlying nuclear structure, the nuclear matrix in cancer cells. Since the NM composition is considered to maintain nuclear shape and architecture, nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) may be involved in transformation. Our laboratory has recently characterized a subset of NMPs that are associated with prostate cancer development in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. One of the identified NMPs, E3E, has a similar molecular weight (22 kDa) with a protein known as HMGI(Y). HMGI(Y) belongs to a group of non‐histone and chromatin‐associated proteins, high‐mobility‐group (HMG) proteins, and it has been shown to associate with the NM. HMGI(Y) has been reported to be elevated in different types of cancer including prostate cancer. In this study, we examined the expression of HMGI(Y) protein in the NMP composition of the TRAMP model during the progression from normal to neoplasia. The expression of HMGI(Y) in the NMP extracts of three prostatic epithelial cell lines derived from a 32‐week TRAMP mouse: TRAMP‐C1, TRAMP‐C2, and TRAMP‐C3 was also examined. Using both one‐dimensional and high‐resolution two‐dimensional immunoblot analyses, we found that: (i) HMGI(Y) is a nuclear matrix protein expressed as two protein bands with MW of 22–24 kDa and (ii) HMGI(Y) expression is correlated with neoplastic and malignant properties in late stage TRAMP prostate tumors. Overall, these findings support the evidence that HMGI(Y) can be utilized as a marker and prognostic tool for prostate cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activated protein C variants with normal cytoprotective but reduced anticoagulant activity (2004)

Recombinant activated protein C (APC), a well-defined anticoagulant enzyme, reduced mortality in severe sepsis patients in a phase 3 trial. However, 2 potent anticoagulants, antithrombin III and recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor, failed to do so, implying the physiologic relevance of APC's less well-defined anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities. Recombinant APC therapy conveys an increased risk of serious bleeding complications due to APC anticoagulant activity. To generate recombinant APC variants with reduced risk of bleeding due to reduced anticoagulant activity, we dissected APC's anticoagulant activity from its cytoprotective activity by site-directed mutagenesis. Using staurosporine-induced endothelial cell apoptosis assays, we show here that Ala mutations (RR229/230AA and KKK191_ 193AAA) in 2 APC surface loops that severely reduce anticoagulant activity result in 2 APC variants that retain normal antiapoptotic activity that requires protease activated receptor-1 and endothelial cell protein C receptor. Thus, it is possible to reduce anticoagulant activity while preserving antiapoptotic activity of recombinant APC variants. We suggest that therapeutic use of such APC variants may reduce serious bleeding risks while providing the beneficial effects of APC acting directly on cells.
High-Voltage Organic Thin-Film Transistors on Flexible and Curved Surfaces (2015)

A pentacene (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sub> )-based high-voltage organic thin-film transistor (HVOTFT) was demonstrated on both a rigid and a flexible substrate. The HVOTFT showed minimal degradation of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics under flexure. Consistent with the previous reports on amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFTs, the offset drain/source structure enabled high-voltage operation, allowing for the HVOTFT to switch very large drain-to-source voltages (VDS > 300 V) with a relatively lower controlling voltage (0 V <; V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> <; 20 V). The HVOTFT was evaluated with three different gate insulators to assess how the dielectric constant and interface states influence device performance. Due to the high electric field generated in the device, the HVOTFT suffered from impeded charge injection into the gated semiconductor channel, similar to that reported in a-Si-based high-voltage TFTs, as well as from a nonsaturating I-V characteristic behavior similar to the short-channel effects found in FETs. A field plate was implemented to improve charge injection into the gated semiconductor channel. Output characteristics of the HVOTFT were numerically corrected to demonstrate that the device I-V can be modeled with the existing Si-based FET models.
Testing the helicopter obstacle avoidance system (1995)

This paper summarizes test results of the Helicopter Laser Radar (HLR) System which has been developed at Fibertek, Inc. The HLR program is under the direction of the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, Air Systems Division, as part of the Army Helicopter Obstacle Avoidance System (OASYS) program. The HLR system is a direct detection laser radar system using a diode-pumped solid-state laser operating at 1.54 micrometer. A diode-pumped system offers small size, robust range performance, small output aperture, and a short pulse length for high range resolution. The output wavelength was chosen for extended eyesafety limits and covertness.
Design of a novel coaxial wiggler (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. The Naval Research Laboratory is investigating innovative wiggler designs in order to reduce the beam energy requirements for short wavelength FEL operation and to enhance the gain, efficiency, and total output power. Recent work has focused on coaxial wiggler designs. The advantages of this are twofold. Firstly, it is advantageous to employ annular configurations in propagating high current electron beams. The hollow beam geometry permits the use of a central structure which can be used to enhance the wiggler field. This latter feature represents the second advantage; specifically, the enhanced wiggler field allows us to use shorter wiggler periods without sacrificing field strength. We will discuss a wiggler design that uses both outer and inner bifilar helical current windings. This wiggler design results in substantial enhancements in the periodic wiggler field experienced by the electron beam as compared with the fields in the absence of the central structure. Steady-state orbits are derived analytically which indicate that substantial enhancements in the transverse beam velocity can be obtained. Integration of single-particle orbits yields results which are consistent with the steady-state orbits, but only axis-encircling orbits appear to be stable. Nonlinear device simulations will also be discussed.
Effective NOx remediation from a surrogate flue gas using the US NRL <i>Electra</i> electron beam facility (2017)

Nitric oxide (NOx) emission is under restrictive federal regulations because of its negative impact on atmosphere, biosphere, and human health. Therefore, its removal has been a subject of extensive research to develop new efficient and cost effective techniques that can be applied on an industrial scale. In this work, we study both experimentally and theoretically an effective removal of NOx pollutants from a surrogate flue gas (SFG) using high power electron beam (e-beam) pulses. SFG is a simulant for exhaust from coal combustion power plants (82% N2, 6% O2, 12% CO2, and ∼100 ppm of NOx). The pulsed electron beam is generated using the United States Naval Research Laboratory Electra facility, which delivers e-beams with energies of ∼500 keV and a power pulse duration of ∼140 ns. During the e-beam irradiation, the energetic electrons generate a non-equilibrium plasma containing chemically active species, which then react with NOx to form harmless substances. A non-equilibrium time-dependent model is developed to describe NOx remediation from SFG. The model combines e-beam deposition rates obtained by solving the electron Boltzmann equation and extensive plasma chemistry modeling, which follows the species on a time scale from sub-nanoseconds to a few seconds. NOx decomposition as a function of electron beam parameters is studied. It is demonstrated experimentally that short (ns) pulses are the most efficient for NOx removal. A sharp reduction of NOx was measured with e-beam power deposition increasing, following the trend predicted by the model, achieving a 20 fold reduction to ∼5 ppm at energy deposition ∼20 J/l.
Modulator structures for radio-on-fiber applications (2003)

This paper presents a resonant electrode structure that can be employed in optical modulator designs to improve the optical response of the modulator over a narrow frequency band, and improve the performance of optical radio systems. A simple model of the structure is developed, and experimental results presented.
Design, Synthesis and Development of Novel Camptothecin Drugs (2008)

For almost 5 decades later since it was first discovered in 1958, efforts continue to be made in the medicinal chemistry of camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives. Thousands of CPT analogues have been prepared. However, many of the earlier CPT derivatives were either too toxic for clinical use or had very poor pharmacokinetics. Efforts in the last 2 decades were most successful and two derivatives, Irinotecan and topotecan, have been clinically approved by the FDA. This review mainly summarizes the design and synthesis of camptothecin drugs in various stages of preclinical or clinical developments.
Robust Keyframe-based Monocular SLAM for Augmented Reality (2016)

Keyframe-based SLAM has achieved great success in terms of accuracy, efficiency and scalability. However, due to parallax requirement and delay of map expansion, traditional keyframe-based methods easily encounter the robustness problem in the challenging cases especially for fast motion with strong rotation. For AR applications in practice, these challenging cases are easily encountered, since a home user may not carefully move the camera to avoid potential problems. With the above motivation, in this paper, we present RKSLAM, a robust keyframe-based monocular SLAM system that can reliably handle fast motion and strong rotation, ensuring good AR experiences. First, we propose a novel multihomography based feature tracking method which is robust and efficient for fast motion and strong rotation. Based on it, we propose a real-time local map expansion scheme to triangulate the observed 3D points immediately without delay. A sliding-window based camera pose optimization framework is proposed, which imposes the motion prior constraints between consecutive frames through simulated or real IMU data. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with the state-of-the-art methods, and an AR application on mobile devices demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Blue-Emitting Iridium Complexes with Substituted 1,2,4-Triazole Ligands:  Synthesis, Photophysics, and Devices (2007)

Neutral heteroleptic mononuclear iridium(III) complexes with (2,4-difluoro)phenylpyridine and different pyridine-1,2,4-triazole ligands were synthesized and fully characterized. We investigated the effects of substituents in the 5-position of the triazole ring on the photophysical and electrochemical behavior. Increasing the electron-withdrawing capabilities generally leads to a lowering of the HOMO level with a consequent slight widening of the HOMO-LUMO gap and a blue shift in emission. The complexes reported exhibit high emission quantum yields and long luminescent lifetimes, typical of iridium(III) complexes, and most of them show reversible redox processes in solution. Also, many of the complexes reported here have been obtained as single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. Two of the complexes were further tested as phosphorescent dyes in OLED devices and showed high external quantum efficiencies (~7%) and color points better than the "standard" for blue iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2']picolinate (FIrpic). We also report the full electrochemical investigation of FIrpic in different solvents.