gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long term preservation of digital information (2001)

The preservation of digital data for the long term presents a variety of challenges from technical to social and organizational. The technical challenge is to ensure that the information, generated today, can survive long term changes in storage media, devices and data formats. This paper presents a novel approach to the problem. It distinguishes between archiving of data files and archiving of programs (so that their behavior may be reenacted in the future).
Reception of Multiple Telemetry Signals via One Dish Antenna (2010)

A microwave aeronautical-telemetry receiver system includes an antenna comprising a seven-element planar array of receiving feed horns centered at the focal point of a paraboloidal dish reflector that is nominally aimed at a single aircraft or at multiple aircraft flying in formation. Through digital processing of the signals received by the seven feed horns, the system implements a method of enhanced cancellation of interference, such that it becomes possible to receive telemetry signals in the same frequency channel simultaneously from either or both of two aircraft at slightly different angular positions within the field of view of the antenna, even in the presence of multipath propagation. The present system is an advanced version of the system described in Spatio- Temporal Equalizer for a Receiving-Antenna Feed Array NPO-43077, NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 34, No. 2 (February 2010), page 32. To recapitulate: The radio-frequency telemetry signals received by the seven elements of the array are digitized, converted to complex baseband form, and sent to a spatio-temporal equalizer that consists mostly of a bank of seven adaptive finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters (one for each element in the array) plus a unit that sums the outputs of the filters. The combination of the spatial diversity of the feedhorn array and the temporal diversity of the filter bank affords better multipath suppression performance than is achievable by means of temporal equalization alone. The FIR filter bank adapts itself in real time to enable reception of telemetry at a low bit error rate, even in the presence of frequency-selective multipath propagation like that commonly found at flight-test ranges. The combination of the array and the filter bank makes it possible to constructively add multipath incoming signals to the corresponding directly arriving signals, thereby enabling reductions in telemetry bit-error rates.
Wearable telescopic contact lens (2015)

We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of a 1.6 mm thick scleral contact lens providing both 1× and 2.8× magnified vision paths, intended for use as a switchable eye-borne telescopic low-vision aid. The F/9.7 telescopic vision path uses an 8.2 mm diameter annular entrance pupil and 4 internal reflections in a polymethyl methacrylate precision optic. This gas-impermeable insert is contained inside a smooth outer casing of rigid gas-permeable polymer, which also provides achromatic correction for refraction at the curved lens face. The unmagnified F/4.1 vision path is through the central aperture of the lens, with additional transmission between the annular telescope rings to enable peripheral vision. We discuss potential solutions for providing oxygenation for an extended wear version of the lens. The prototype lenses were characterized using a scale-model human eye, and telescope functionality was confirmed in a small-scale clinical (nondispensed) demonstration.
TR-SAR: Time Reversal Target Focusing in Spotlight SAR (2007)

We develop time reversal spotlight synthetic aperture radar (TR-SAR) for target focusing and ghost images removal in SAR. Conventional SAR is not designed for imaging targets in a rich scattering environment. In this case, ghost images due to secondary reflections appear in the SAR images. We show in this paper, how, from a rough estimate of the target location obtained from a conventional SAR image and using time reversal, TR-SAR focuses on the target with improved resolution, and reduces or removes ghost images. Verification with experimentally measured electromagnetic data demonstrates the success of TR-SAR.
Inhibition of Skin Wound Contraction by Nanofibrillar Cellulose Hydrogel (2017)

The authors' results, although preliminary, indicate a potential for nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel as a novel material for controlling excessive wound contraction.
Construction of a ultrananocrystalline diamond-based cold cathode arrays for a flat-panel x-ray source (2013)

A novel cold cathode field emission array (FEA) X-ray source based on ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) field emitters is being constructed as an alternative for detection of obscured objects and material. Depending on the geometry of the given situation the flat-panel X-ray source could be used in tomography, radiography, or tomosynthesis. Furthermore, the unit could be used as a portable X-ray scanner or an integral part of an existing detection system. UNCD field emitters show great field emission output and can be deposited over large areas as the case with carbon nanotube “forest” (CNT) cathodes. Furthermore, UNCDs have better mechanical and thermal properties as compared to CNT tips which further extend the lifetime of UNCD based FEA. This work includes the first generation of the UNCD based FEA prototype which is being manufactured at the Center for Nanoscale Materials within Argonne National Laboratory with standard microfabrication techniques. The prototype is a 3x3 pixel FEA, with a pixel pitch of 500 μm, where each pixel is individually controllable.
MoSi2-Base Composite for Engine Applications (1997)

The intermetallic compound MoSi2 has long been known as a high temperature material that has excellent oxidation resistance and electrical/thermal conductivity. Also its low cost, high melting point (2023 C), relatively low density (6.2 g/cm versus 8 g/cm for current engine materials), and ease of machining make it an attractive structural material. However, the use of MoSi2 has been hindered because of the brittle nature of the material at low temperatures, inadequate creep resistance at high temperatures, accelerated oxidation (also known as 'pest' oxidation) at temperatures between approximately 400 and 500 C, and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is relatively high in comparison to potential reinforcing fibers such as SiC. This CTE mismatch between the fiber and the matrix resulted in severe matrix cracking during thermal cycling.
Measuring the perceived aesthetic quality of photographic images (2009)

There have been few studies that empirically assess the perception of aesthetics in photography. This study addressed a few image attributes that were hypothesized to be important to the perception of aesthetics. Thirty consumer photographers evaluated 450 images in a repeated measures factorial experiment and provided artistic quality ratings on a 0 to 100-point scale. The image set balanced main subject size, images with people and without people, and the type of perspective cue. Three first-party scenes supplied by each observer were evaluated by all observers in the study. Study results indicate that aesthetic preferences were mediated by all three of the study variables as a significant threeway interaction. Principal component and cluster analyses provided further insight into other features that impact aesthetic preference. Images in this study formed a continuum of quality ranging from low aesthetic and low technical quality to high aesthetic and high technical quality.
DNA demethylation in the human <i>FOXP3</i> locus discriminates regulatory T cells from activated FOXP3<sup>+</sup> conventional T cells (2007)

The transcription factor FOXP3 is critical for development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Their number and functioning appears to be crucial in the prevention of autoimmunity and allergy, but also to be a negative prognostic marker for various solid tumors. Although expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 currently constitutes the best-known marker for Treg, in humans, transient expression is also observed in activated non-Treg. Extending our recent findings for the murine foxp3 locus, we observed epigenetic modification of several regions in the human FOXP3 locus exclusively occurring in Treg. Importantly, activated conventional CD4(+) T cells and TGF-beta-treated cells displayed no FOXP3 DNA demethylation despite expression of FOXP3, whereas subsets of Treg stable even upon extended in vitro expansion remained demethylated. To investigate whether a whole set of genes might be epigenetically imprinted in the Treg lineage, we conducted a genome-wide differential methylation hybridization analysis. Several genes were found displaying differential methylation between Treg and conventional T cells, but none beside FOXP3 turned out to be entirely specific to Treg when tested on a broad panel of cells and tissues. We conclude that FOXP3 DNA demethylation constitutes the most reliable criterion for natural Treg available at present.
Simplified Multi-Level Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes for Low-Complexity Encoders (2012)

In this paper we propose a parity check matrix construction technique that simplifies the hardware encoders for Multi-Level-Quasi-Cyclic (ML-QC) LDPC codes. The proposed construction method is based on semi-random - ML-QC extension and appropriately selects shifting factors to reduce the density of the inverted matrix used in several encoding algorithms. The construction method derives low-complexity encoders with minimal degradation of error-correction performance, observable at low BER only. Furthermore a VLSI encoding architecture based on the suggested parity-check matrix (PCM) is also introduced. Experimental results show that the complexity of the proposed encoders depends on the density of the binary base matrix. A comparison with random QC codes reveals substantial complexity reduction without performance degradation for cases of practical interest. In fact a hardware complexity reduction by a factor of 7.5 is achieved, combined with the acceleration of the encoder, for certain cases.
Stable Inks Containing Upconverting Nanoparticles Based on an Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion (2018)

An oil-in-water nanoemulsion capable of dispersing upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) for 7 months was investigated. Negative staining transmission electron microscopy shows that the UCNPs reside in the oil phase of the nanoemulsion. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicate that the majority of the oil volume is contained in droplets less than 1 μm in diameter. The system studied could be used to inkjet print UCNPs at least 7 months after the ink was first formulated. Nanoemulsion stability was tested in the short term, over 11 days, using an ink stability test developed for this research. It was found that after an initial loss of UCNPs, the majority of the UCNPs remained well-dispersed in solution. The UCNP dispersion was stable for longer periods under storage at 333 K compared to storage at 277 K.
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography via Differential Flow Modulation (2000)

A novel comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph has been developed that utilizes differential flow modulation. This technique uses a 6-port valve to collect effluent from a primary column and periodically inject the effluent into a secondary column. The flow in the secondary column is kept 20 times larger than the flow in the primary column so the contents of the sample loop can be flushed into the secondary column in 5% of the collection time. Peaks widths at half-maximum of approximately 0.06 s are generated for a 1.0 Hz secondary injection frequency. Sensitivity is not compromised, as 80% of the sample passes through both columns and reaches the detector. This simple yet effective technique has been used to analyze mixtures of alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, alcohols, aromatics, esters, and ketones with high speed and high resolution.
Blockchain-Assisted Spectrum Trading Between Elastic Virtual Optical Networks (2020)

In communication networks, network virtualization can usually provide better capacity utilization and quality of service (QoS) than what can be achieved otherwise. Under this operation, once the capacity of a virtual optical network (VON) is allocated, it will be static for a certain period, for example, a service contract period. However, in reality, the actual traffic demand of a VON always fluctuates, which would lead to a mismatch between the capacity assigned and the actual traffic demand carried. This mismatch would further cause degradation of provisioned network services and inefficiency in assigned network capacity. To overcome this issue, we propose a new scheme, called spectrum trading (ST), to trade spectrum resources between VONs in the context of an elastic optical network (EON). The key idea is to allow different VONs to trade their spectrum resources according to their actual capacity requirement at different time instants. A VON with unused spectra can trade away its unused spectra to other VONs that are short of spectrum resources at that time. in exchange, it is rewarded with some credit for its contribution to the ST community, which it can then use later to obtain extra capacity, if needed. The trust-worthiness of the trading records between the VONs is ensured in a distributed fashion through a blockchain- assisted ledger that is updated whenever a new trade occurs. A software-defined control plane is also developed to enable spectrum trading with the support of the blockchain-assisted ledger. The performance of the ST scheme is evaluated and compared with the scenario without such trading. Results show that the proposed ST scheme is efficient in improving the QoS of each VON and significantly improves overall network capacity utilization.
Quantification of Retinal Microvascular Density in Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography Images in Diabetic Retinopathy (2017)

Vessel density measured by OCTA provides a quantitative metric of capillary closure that correlates with severity of DR and may allow staging, diagnosis, and monitoring that do not require subjective evaluation of fundus images.
Explicit Exclusive Set Systems with Applications to Broadcast Encryption (2006)

A family of subsets C of [n] = <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">def</sup> {1,...,n} is (r, t)-exclusive if for every S sub [n] of size at least n - r, there exist S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ,...,S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> isin C with S = S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> cupS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> cup...cupS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> . These families, also known as complement-cover families, have cryptographic applications, and form the basis of information-theoretic broadcast encryption and multi-certificate revocation. We give the first explicit construction of such families with size poly(r, t)n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sup> t/, essentially matching a basic lower bound. Our techniques are algebraic in nature. When r = O(t), as is natural for many applications, we can improve our bound to poly(r, t)( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> t/. Further, when r, t are small, our construction is tight up to a factor of r. We also provide a poly(r, t, log n) algorithm for finding S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 </sub> ,...,S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , which is crucial for efficient use in applications. Previous constructions either had much larger size, were randomized and took super-polynomial time to find S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ,...,S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , or did not work for arbitrary n, r, and t. Finally, we improve the known lower bound on the number of sets containing each i isin [n]. Our bound shows that our derived broadcast encryption schemes have essentially optimal total number of keys and keys per user for n users, transmission size t, and revoked set size r
Parallelism-Aware Batch Scheduling: Enabling High-Performance and Fair Memory Controllers (2009)

Uncontrolled interthread interference in main memory can destroy individual threads’ memory-level parallelism, effectively serializing the memory requests of a thread whose latencies would otherwise have largely overlapped, thereby reducing single-thread performance. PAR-BS, the parallelism-aware batch scheduler, preserves each thread’s memory-level parallelism, ensures fairness and starvation freedom, and supports system-level thread priorities.
A novel and potent brain penetrant inhibitor of extracellular vesicle release (2019)

PDDC is a structurally novel, potent, orally available, and brain penetrant inhibitor of nSMase2. PDDC inhibited release of ADEVs in tissue culture and in vivo. PDDC is actively being tested in animal models of neurological disease and, along with closely related analogues, is being considered for clinical translation.
Knowledge-Based Multi-Spectral Pixel Level Fusion for Surveillance (2006)

Multi-Spectral Fusion focused on the task of image enhancement by processing raw data collected at various electromagnetic bands via passive sensors. Passive spectral sensors collect information about the scene based on the inherently reflected or emitted energy of the scene and is represented by spectral distributions and intensities. These systems can be designed so that they provide collocated information through common optics or other means (algorithms). This paper addresses the issue of Multi-Spectral Pixel-Level Fusion to enhance the visual quality of the "combined" (fused) image data as compared to that of each single spectral band image data. We propose a Knowledge-based Fusion methodology. We also make the implicit assumption that visually superior image data are also better image data for processing by most types of algorithms
Flow cytometer for resolving signals from heterogeneous fluorescence emissions and quantifying lifetime in fluorochrome-labeled cells/particles by phase-sensitive detection (1993)

A phase-sensitive flow cytometer has been developed that combines flow cytometry and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique capabilities for making phase-resolved measurements on fluorochrome-labeled cells and particles. Stained cells are analyzed as they intersect a high-frequency intensity-modulated (sinusoid) laser excitation beam. Fluorescence is measured orthogonally using only a single-channel optical detector. The detector output signals, which are phase shifted from a reference signal and amplitude demodulated, are processed by phase-sensitive detection electronics to resolve signals from heterogeneous fluorescence emissions and quantify single-component decay times. Results show signal phase shift and amplitude demodulation on fluorospheres; a detection limit threshold of 300–500 fluorescein molecules equivalence for excitation frequencies 1–30 MHz; a measurement precision (coefficient of variation) of 1.8% on alignment fluorospheres and 3.6% on cells stained for DNA content; the resolution of fluorescence signals from cells stained in combination with two fluorochromes, based on differences in their decay times; and the measurement of fluorescence lifetimes directly by the two-phase ratio method.
Polarizing ytterbium-doped all-solid photonic bandgap fiber with ~1150µm^2 effective mode area (2015)

We demonstrate an Yb-doped polarizing all-solid photonic bandgap fiber for single-polarization and single-mode operation with an effective mode area of ~1150µm(2), a record for all-solid photonic bandgap fibers. The differential polarization mode loss is measured to be >5dB/m over the entire transmission band with a 160nm bandwidth and >15dB/m on the short wavelength edge of the band. A 2.6m long fiber was tested in a laser configuration producing a linearly polarized laser output with a PER value of 21dB without any polarizer, the highest for any fiber lasers based on polarizing fibers.
Experimental study of a jet-driven Helmholtz oscillator (1978)

This paper describes an experimental study of a Helmholtz resonator driven by a round jet passing through it. This device, dubbed the jet-driven Helmholtz oscillator (JDHO), is a rigid chamber with two round openings located coaxially in two opposite walls, through which a jet is allowed to pass across the chamber. At certain jet velocities, jet instabilities couple with the Helmholtz resonance to produce very powerful chamber-pressure oscillations at a frequency slightly higher than the chamber Helmholtz frequency. The amplitude of these pressure oscillations may reach values of up to 5.6 times the jet dynamic pressure. Simultaneously, the exiting flow pulsates at the same frequency with an amplitude of up to 60 percent of the exit jet velocity, and a loud sound is emitted. The thrust of the present study was twofold: to determine the optimum range of geometrical parameters producing the maximum magnitudes, and to identify the mechanisms underlying the oscillator operation.
Polymerization-Crosslinking of N-Methylolmethacrylamide in Cotton Fabric (1980)

Cotton fabric treated with N-methylolmethacrylamide (NMMA) was compared to corresponding products treated with N-methylolacrylamide (NMA). Variations included type of cotton fabric, extent of methylolation of NMMA or NMA, concentration of reagent, and cure conditions. NMMA imparted high levels of resilience, comparable to those from NMA and dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea, together with superior retentions of strengths and abrasion resistance. A nitrogen atmosphere for cures was beneficial for the NMMA and NMA reactions, primarily for high retentions of strengths and abrasion resistance. However, even when cured in air, NMMA cottons were superior to NMA cottons cured in air or nitrogen in retentions of strengths and abrasion resistance.