gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New approaches to removing alkyl-methoxypyrazines from grape juice and wine. (2014)

Grape-based products, including wine, are amongst the world's most important value-added horticultural commodities, both economically and culturally. 3-isobutyl- (IBMP) and 3-isopropyl- (IPMP) 2-methoxypyrazine are important grape- and insect-derived flavour compounds in some grape juices and wine, and are responsible for undesirable green characters associated with under-ripe grapes or infestation from Coccinellidae. Here we present data on two novel approaches to removing these compounds from juice and wine. Firstly, we describe a protein-based technology that binds and removes IPMP and IBMP in juice. The lipocalin Mouse Major Urinary Protein 1 (mMUP) was expressed in Pichia pastoris, secreted, and purified using anion exchange chromatography. mMUP, combined with a 10 KD cut-off PES membrane filtration system, resulted in a reduction of IPMP and IBMP in juice of > 98%. However, removal of methoxypyrazines from wine using this technique may be limited by ethanol-induced changes in the mMUP structure. Therefore, a 2 nd approach is being developed that takes advantage of the sorptive properties of various polymeric materials. A range of food-grade polyethylene-, polypropylene- and silicon- based polymers were evaluated for their capacity to remove IPMP and IBMP from red wine. Candidate polymers were standardized to a common surface area and added to red wine for 2 hrs. Quantification of IPMP and IBMP using HS-SPME-MD-GC-MS showed reductions of up to 40% for some polymers, and minimal changes to the sensory characteristics of the wine. We conclude there is capacity to significantly mediate the impact of methoxypyrazines on juice and wine quality using these biotechnology tools.
Characterization of the Anti-Bovine Podoplanin Monoclonal Antibody PMab-44 (2017)

A type I transmembrane sialoglycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN) is expressed in several normal cells, including podocytes of the kidney, type I alveolar cells of the lung, and lymphatic endothelial cells. We recently produced an anti-bovine PDPN (bovPDPN) monoclonal antibody (mAb), PMab-44, by immunizing mice with recombinant proteins of bovPDPN. In this study, we determined the critical epitope of PMab-44 for the recognition of bovPDPN using many deletion mutants and point mutants of bovPDPN. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the epitope of PMab-44 was Glu46-Thr50, which corresponds to platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domain-3. The important amino acids in the PMab-44 epitope were determined to be Glu46, Tyr48, and Thr50. Western blot analysis also confirmed these results, indicating that the PLAG domain of bovPDPN is also important in immunogenicity for producing useful anti-PDPN mAbs.
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diamond Materials Held in Washington, DC on 5-10 May 1991. Volume 91-8 (1991)

This symposium will address all aspects of diamond materials science and technology from growth fundamentals to applications. Both invited and contributed papers will be included. Contributed papers are solicited on the following topics: (1) synthesis techniques; (2) vapor phase diagnostics; (3) nucleation and crystal growth; (4) microstructural characterization and local atomic order; (5) mechanical behavior; (6) optical properties; (7) electronic properties; and (8) manufacturing issues.
<title>Prism fingerprint sensor that uses a modified holographic optical element</title> (1997)

This is an improved version of the prism fingerprint sensor described in an earlier paper by Bahuguna et. al.1. The new design uses a modified holographic grating glued to a right-angled truncated prism and is more compact than the previous one.
Data-driven selection of electrolyte additives for aqueous magnesium batteries (2022)

Data-driven quantitative structure–property relationship models facilitate the selection of potent electrolyte additives for aqueous magnesium batteries in an active design of experiments approach.
Compression limits in cascaded quadratic soliton compressors (2008)

Cascaded quadratic soliton compressors generate under optimal conditions few-cycle pulses. Using theory and numerical simulations in a nonlinear crystal suitable for high-energy pulse compression, we address the limits to the compression quality and efficiency.
Event-driven observability enhanced coverage analysis of C programs for functional validation (2003)

Software programs written in some programming languages like C, C++, Java, etc, are mostly verified by functional simulation. Since exhaustive functional simulation is impossible for even a small C program, it is important to quantitatively measure the extent of design verification during simulation by a set of test vectors. Various coverage metrics have been proposed for measuring the degree of design verification. Most of them compute the extent of design excitation (controllability) but are unable to say whether the excitation responses have propagated to observable points in the program (observability). In this paper we propose a metric for code coverage analysis of C programs that addresses not only controllability but tackles observability as well. Thus, this metric is able to tell what percentage of the simulation responses have been propagated to observable points in the program like primary outputs or printed variables. We improve upon a recently proposed observability enhanced software coverage metric by increasing the accuracy of the analysis as well as decreasing the simulation runtime overhead by using an event-driven coverage analysis method. We report some experimental results of using our coverage analysis tool for several C programs.
Towards a 2D Printer: A Deterministic Cross Contamination-free Transfer Method for Atomically Layered Materials (2018)

Precision and chip contamination-free placement of two-dimensional (2D) materials is expected to accelerate both the study of fundamental properties and novel device functionality. Current transfer methods of 2D materials onto an arbitrary substrate deploy wet chemistry and viscoelastic stamping. However, these methods produce a) significant cross contamination of the substrate due to the lack of spatial selectivity b) may not be compatible with chemically sensitive device structures, and c) are challenged with respect to spatial alignment. Here, we demonstrate a novel method of transferring 2D materials resembling the functionality known from printing; utilizing a combination of a sharp micro-stamper and viscoelastic polymer, we show precise placement of individual 2D materials resulting in vanishing cross contamination to the substrate. Our 2D printer-method results show an aerial cross contamination improvement of two to three orders of magnitude relative to state-of-the-art dry and direct transfer methods. Moreover, we find that the 2D material quality is preserved in this transfer method. Testing this 2D material printer on taped-out integrated Silicon photonic chips, we find that the micro-stamper stamping transfer does not physically harm the underneath Silicon nanophotonic structures such as waveguides or micro-ring resonators receiving the 2D material. Such accurate and substrate-benign transfer method for 2D materials could be industrialized for rapid device prototyping due to its high time-reduction, accuracy, and contamination-free process.
<title>Holographic Carrier Landing Simulator</title> (1975)

A feasibility model simulation system utilizing holography is described for use in training pilots to land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. The unique aspect of this system is that the visual display information is created solely by the hologram. The visual presentation is controlled by inputs from a simulated cockpit with a complete six degree of freedom motion system and a computer input for aerodynamics.
LiteRace (2009)

Data races are one of the most common and subtle causes of pernicious concurrency bugs. Static techniques for preventing data races are overly conservative and do not scale well to large programs. Past research has produced several dynamic data race detectors that can be applied to large programs. They are precise in the sense that they only report actual data races. However, dynamic data race detectors incur a high performance overhead, slowing down a program's execution by an order of magnitude.
CYCLOOXYGENASE AND LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS SYNERGISTICALLY MODULATE TUMOR CELL INDUCED PLATELET AGGREGATION (1987)

There has been considerable controversy surrounding the ability of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism to concomitantly inhibit tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). Reconciliation of this controversy has been difficult due to the wide variability of experimental conditions (e.g., inhibitor concentration, strength of the inducing agonist).In the present study, we examined the effects of several cyclooxygenaseand lipoxygenase inhibitors on the induction of platelet aggregation by Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (W256) cells. We have previously demonstrated that aggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP), induced by W256 cells, was initiated via a thrombin dependent mechanism. Platelet aggregation was induced by the addition of W256 cells (75,000-J500,000 cells/cuvette) to rat PRP preincubated with inhibitor(s) or diluent. The strength of the inducing stimulus affected both the degree of aggregation and the production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in a dose dependent manner. A weak stimulus (low concentration of W256 cells) produced only a low level of aggregation and low TXA2 production, whereas aggregation induced by a strong stimulus (high concentration of W256 cells) resulted in significant aggregation and increased TXA2 production. Preincubation (5 min., 37°C) of rat PRP with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (e.g., aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen) resulted in complete inhibition of platelet aggregation at low agonist concentration (75,000 W256 cells), whereas when a high agonist concentration (500,000 W256 cells) was used to induce aggregation, the inhibitors failed to inhibit TCIPA. The addition of fewer than 50,000W256 cells failed to induce any measurable platelet aggregation in the presence or absence of inhibitors. TCIPA was not affected by lipoxygenaseinhibitors (e.g.,quercetin) alone regardless of agonist concentration. Both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors, however, were required to significantly inhibit TCIPA induced by high agonist concentration. Compounds which inhibited both the cycloogygenase and lipoxygenase pathways (e.g.,hydroquinone, BW755c) inhibited TCIPA at all agonist concentrations. Nafazatrom failed to inhibit TCIPA consistant with a lack of effect on platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. Therefore, we conclude cyclooxygenase (e.g., TXA2) and lipoxygenase (e.g., 12-HETE) products of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism and the strength of the inducingagonist are important criteria in TCIPA. This study may help to clarify the current controversy regarding the inhibition of TCIPA by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
A robust controller for non-linear MIMO systems using radial basis function neural network (2011)

This paper presents a controller design method for multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems using the artificial neural network. The designed controller uses radial basis function networks to generate optimal control signals abiding by constraints, if any, on the control signal, or on the system output. The salient features of the proposed controller include: no requirement of the explicit knowledge of the states of the system, no requirement of a priori knowledge of the non-linear model of the system, and ability of the controller to control time-varying systems or systems having non-minimum-phase characteristics. A recursive algorithm is developed to update the weights of the neural network. Non-linearities in the system as well as variations in system parameters are compensated by the neural network. Simulation results for non-linear systems are included at the end, and controller performance is analysed. A practical case study of single area non-linear automatic generation control is also considered to test the performance of the controller.
Expression and function of gamma delta- and <i>alpha beta</i> -T cell receptor heterodimers on human somatic T cell hybrids. (1990)

T cell somatic hybrids were obtained by fusion of human tetanus toxoid-specific gamma + delta + T cells and a T cell lymphoma cell line that expresses beta-chain but not alpha-chain transcripts. The hybrids simultaneously and independently expressed alpha beta and gamma delta TCR heterodimers on the cell surface without any significant differences in the level of expression. No heterodimers containing alpha delta-, beta delta-, beta gamma-, and alpha gamma-chains were transported to the cell membrane, indicating a chain specificity in dimer formation. The presence of productively rearranged gamma- and delta-alleles in the hybrid cells and immunoprecipitation of an identical type of TCR-gamma delta from both hybrid and parental gamma + delta + T cells suggests that TCR-gamma delta on the hybrid cells derives from gamma + delta + T cells. Anti-TCR (TCS-delta 1 or WT31) and anti-CD3 antibodies induced a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i in the double-positive hybrids and their variants positive for either the alpha beta or gamma delta complex. Double positive hybrid cells were refractory to stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody after pretreatment with a mixture of anti-TCR-gamma delta and anti-TCR-alpha beta antibodies but not with either antibody alone indicating the functional independence of the two receptors. However, only gamma delta heterodimer receptor was able to respond to tetanus toxoid presented on autologous APC as measured by induction of the p55 chain of IL-2R on stimulated cells.
Noobing: A Nonwoven 3D Fabric-forming Process Explained (2002)

A unique nonwoven 3D fabric-forming process, designed to bind a set of linear yarns that is arrayed in either uniaxial or multiaxial orientation, was identified, characterised and termed noobing five years ago. The produced 3D fabric, usually intended for composite materials application, is layerless and comprises crimpless yarns. This process has been mistaken to be 3D-weaving and multiaxial/3D-knitting. It is thus necessary to explain its non-compliance with the well-established technicalities of both these processes. A dozen patents are therefore exemplified and discussed collectively according to a new classification of this noteworthy process, for the first time. The factors causing misrepresentation of this process, such as its incorrect technical description and patent classification, are also considered to complement the discussions.
A scheme for authentication and dynamic key exchange in wireless networks (2002)

Despite significant shortcomings in the initial security architecture, 802.11 wireless LANs have experienced explosive growth in recent years. Ongoing work in IEEE standards bodies is currently attempting to fix these shortcomings. One specific topic that has received extensive attention is how to enable these networks to authenticate users and to dynamically establish per-user per-session cryptographic keys. The IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Access Control standard, which formalizes a new EAP-over-LAN (EAPOL) protocol, has emerged as the preferred way to achieve this. The EAPOL protocol employs the extensible authentication protocol (EAP), standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force, to allow the use of existing and new authentication methods and authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) infrastructure. In this paper we present a new EAP scheme — called shared key exchange (SKE) — suitable for use in 802.11 private or public access wireless LANs. The scheme relies on secure pre-shared secret keys in wireless LAN mobile nodes devices and AAA servers. When instantiated with relatively minor changes to RADIUS and EAP, the resulting protocol is provably secure and offers a full set of security features. A second, simplified protocol results from minimal modifications to existing RADIUS and EAP standards, but it provides a lower level of security. Both protocols efficiently support roaming scenarios wherein an end user roams across different networks and requires frequent re-authentication with low latency. The protocols can easily be extended to support migration to new AAA protocols such as DIAMETER.
<i>INNOVATIONS FORUM</i> : Engineered Cementitious Composites for Structural Applications (1998)

In the last several years, the University of Michigan has been investigating a composite material known as Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). In many respects, this material has characteristics similar to medium- to high-strength concrete. However, the tensile strain capacity generally exceeds 1% with the most ductile composite in the 6-8% range. This article briefly reviews these emerging materials and also reports on some ongoing developmental application studies. The relatively small amount of fibers (less than or equal to 2%) utilized ensures economic feasibility in practical applications, whether in precast elements or on-site constructions. Results of the studies provide confidence in the widening use of ECC in a broad range of new and retrofitted concrete structures.
Electrochemical performance, biocompatibility, and adhesion of new polymer matrixes for solid-state ion sensors (1991)

Ammonium and potassium ion-selective membranes formulated with PVC/hydroxylated PVC, polyurethane/hydroxylated PVC, and moisture-curable silicone rubber matrices are studied in an effort to extend the lifetime of solid-state ion sensors through improved membrane adhesion. The PVC/membranes exhibit electrochemical performance equivalent to that of conventional PVC membranes in terms of slope, detection limit, and selectivity. The polyurethane- and silicone-rubber-based membranes have better adhesion to silicon nitride than do PVC or hydroxylated PVC matrices. Incorporating a silanizing reagent (silicon tetrachloride) significantly improves the adhesion of the polyurethane matrix. The use of silicon tetrachloride in membrane matrices also enhances the electrochemical stability of the interfacial potential between ion-selective polymer-matrix membranes and silver epoxy inner reference electrodes of solid-state sensors. The biocompatibility of the polymer matrices is examined via radiotracer protein adsorption studies and whole blood clotting time measurements. The polyurethane- and silicone-rubber-based membranes exhibit less overall nonspecific protein adsorption than the PVC or hydroxylated PVC matrices.
Reproducing-only and recordable-reproduceable optical discs and common optical disc player therefore (1989)

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF LASALOCID. I (1974)

The biosynthesis of lasalocid A (formerly antibiotic X-537 A) in cultures of Strepto-myces lasaliensis has been studied using 13C- and 14C-labelled precursors. The antibiotic is derived from five acetate, four propionate and three butyrate units. This study has provided the first illustration of an ethyl group arising from butyrate and 2-ethylmalonate.
SKUTTERUDITES: A Phonon-Glass-Electron Crystal Approach to Advanced Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Applications (1999)

▪ Abstract Recently there has been a resurgence of research efforts related to the investigation of new and novel materials for small-scale thermoelectric refrigeration and power generation applications. These materials need to couple and optimize a variety of properties in order to exhibit the necessary figure of merit, i.e. the numerical expression that is commonly used to compare one potential thermoelectric material with another. The figure of merit is related to the coefficient of performance or efficiency of a particular device made from a material. The best thermoelectric material should possess thermal properties similar to that of a glass and electrical properties similar to that of a perfect single-crystal material, i.e. a poor thermal conductor and a good electrical conductor. Skutterudites are materials that appear to have the potential to fulfill such criteria. These materials exhibit many types of interesting properties. For example, skutterudites are members of a family of compounds we call open structure or cage-like, materials. When atoms are placed into the interstitial voids or cages of these materials, the lattice thermal conductivity can be substantially reduced compared with that of unfilled skutterudites. These compounds exhibit electrical properties ranging from that of low-temperature superconductors to narrow gap semiconductors.
Nonlinear Crack Growth Monitoring (2000)

Abstract Structures subject to crack growth spend 90–95% of their lifetime in nucleation of very tiny flaws into measurable crack sizes. Due to the large variation in initial flaw sizes and the mathematics of flaw growth, the fatigue lifetimes, even of high-quality structures, can vary by a factor of as much as 10 to 20 even in a small fleet. This large variation in fatigue lifetimes leads to conservative statistics, which often prompts the premature retirement or overhaul of structures, since they focus on the weakest members of the fleet, while the remainder of the fleet is sound. In the past two years, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a new Griffith energy-based technique that can provide useful warning of the impending failure of a structure due to end-of-life crack propagation. This technique has been demonstrated by test and analysis in fiberglass composite for tension-tension fatigue.
Single siRNA Nanocapsules for Enhanced RNAi Delivery (2012)

Synthetic siRNA has been considered as a highly promising therapeutic agent for human diseases. However, clinical use of siRNA has been hampered by instability in the body and inability to deliver sufficient RNA interference compounds to the tissues or cells. To address this challenge, we present here a single siRNA nanocapsule delivery technology, which is achieved by encapsulating a single siRNA molecule within a degradable polymer nanocapsule with a diameter around 20 nm and positive surface charge. As proof-of-concept, since CCR5 is considered a major silencing target of HIV therapy, CCR5-siRNA nanocapsules were delivered into 293T cells and successfully downregulated the CCR5 RNA fused with mCherry reporter RNA. In the absence of human serum, nanocapsules and lipofectamine silenced expression of CCR5-mCherry expression to 8% and 15%, respectively. Such nanocapsules maintain the integrity of siRNA inside even after incubation with ribonuclease and serum for 1 h; under the same conditions, siRNA is degraded in the native form or when formulated with lipofectamine. In the presence of serum, CCR5-siRNA nanocapsules knocked down CCR5-mCherry expression to less than 15% while siRNAs delivered through lipofectamine slightly knocked down the expression to 55%. In summary, this work provides a novel platform for siRNA delivery that can be developed for therapeutic purposes.