gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of daily porcine somatotropin administration on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine (1989)

One hundred forty-four pigs (72 barrows and 72 gilts) were utilized in six treatments with six pens each to evaluate four levels of daily porcine somatotropin (pST) injections (0, 1, 3, or 5 mg/d) in combination with diets containing 13 or 16% crude protein (CP). One randomly selected pig from each pen was slaughtered when it reached a weight between 230 and 240 lb. Daily feed intake (ADFI), tenth rib backfat, and estimated percentage of lean pork were reduced in pigs fed the 13% CP diet and injected with 3 mg/d pST compared to pigs fed the same diet and injected daily with a placebo. Feed intake was reduced in pigs fed the 16% CP diet and injected daily with 3 and 5 mg/d pST. Improvement in feed conversion (F/G), tenth rib backfat, and estimated percentage lean pork occurred when pigs fed the 16% CP diet were injected with 1 mg/d, with greater improvements occurring at the 3 and 5 mg/d levels of pST. The improvement in F/G and the greater magnitude of response observed in pigs fed 16% CP diets compared to the response of pigs fed the 13% CP diet indicate that both the performance and carcass characteristics of pigs injected with pST are dependent on the dietary CP content.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1989
Feasibility Assessment of Thermal Barriers for Extreme Transient Temperatures (2000)

Assembly joints of modern solid rocket motor cases are generally sealed using conventional O-ring seals. The 5500 ± F combustion gases produced by rocket motors are kept a safe distance away from the seals by thick layers of phenolic insulation. Special compounds are used to e ll insulation gaps leading up to the seals to prevent a direct e owpath to them. Design criteria require that the seals should not experience torching or charring during operation, or their sealing ability would be compromised. On limited occasions, NASA has observed charring of the primary O-rings of the space shuttle solid rocket nozzle assembly joints because of parasitic leakage paths opening up in the gap-e ll compounds during rocket operation. NASA is investigating different approaches for preventing torching or charring of the primary O-rings. One approach is to implement a braided rope upstream of theprimary O-ring to serve as a thermal barrier that prevents the hot gases from impinging on the O-ring seals. This paper presents e ow, resiliency, and thermal resistance for several types of NASA thermal barriers braided out ofcarbon e bers. Burn tests wereperformed to determine thetime to burn through each ofthethermal barriers when exposed to the e ame of an oxyacetylene torch (5500 ± F), representative of the 5500 ± F solid rocket motor combustion temperatures. Thermal barriers braided out of carbon e bers endured the e ame for over six minutes, three times longer than the solid rocket motor burn time. Room and high temperature e ow tests are presented for the thermal barriers for different amounts of linear compression. Room temperature compression tests were performed to assess resiliency and unit preloads as a function of compression. The thermal barrier was tested in a subscale rocket char motor test in which it served to impede hot gas e ow through an intentionally oversized defect in the gap insulation. Temperature measurements indicated a 2200 ± F temperature drop across the 1 -in.-diam
120 watt continuous wave solar-pumped laser with a liquid light-guide lens and an Nd:YAG rod (2012)

We propose a simple and efficient pumping approach for a high-power solar-pumped laser by using a liquid light-guide lens (LLGL) and a hybrid pumping cavity. A 2×2 m Fresnel lens is used as a primary concentrator to collect natural sunlight; 120 W cw laser power and a 4.3% total slope efficiency are achieved with a 6-mm diameter Nd:YAG rod within a 14-mm diameter LLGL. The corresponded collection efficiency is 30.0 W/m(2), which is 1.5 times larger than the previous record. This result is unexpectedly better than that of Cr:Nd:YAG ceramics. It is because the scattering coefficient of Cr:Nd:YAG ceramics is 0.004cm(1), which is 2 times larger than that of the Nd:YAG crystal, although both have similar saturation gains.
High-power (575 mW) single-lobed emission from a phased-array laser (1985)

Phased-array lasers which emit up to 575 mW in a 1.9 degree (FWHM) single far-field lobe corresponding to the lowest-order supermode are described. Single-lobe operation is achieved in lasers whose stripes are offset near the facet by half a period from the stripes in the central part of the cavity and are linearly chirped across the diode. This stripe geometry tends to lower the threshold of the single-lobe mode relative to that of the undesired double-lobe mode.
DNase Inhibits Gardnerella vaginalis Biofilms In Vitro and In Vivo (2013)

Bacterial vaginosis is a highly prevalent and poorly understood polymicrobial disorder of the vaginal microbiota, with significant adverse sequelae. Gardnerella vaginalis predominates in bacterial vaginosis. Biofilms of G. vaginalis are present in human infections and are implicated in persistent disease, treatment failure, and transmission. Here we demonstrate that G. vaginalis biofilms contain extracellular DNA, which is essential to their structural integrity. Enzymatic disruption of this DNA specifically inhibits biofilms, acting on both newly forming and established biofilms. DNase liberates bacteria from the biofilm to supernatant fractions and potentiates the activity of metronidazole, an antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Using a new murine vaginal colonization model for G. vaginalis, we demonstrate >10-fold inhibition of G. vaginalis colonization by DNase. We conclude that DNase merits investigation as a potential nonantibiotic adjunct to existing bacterial vaginosis therapies in order to decrease the risk of chronic infection, recurrence, and associated morbidities.
Diatoms and diatomaceous earth as novel poultry vaccine adjuvants (2016)

Diatoms are single cell eukaryotic microalgae; their surface possesses a porous nanostructured silica cell wall or frustule. Diatomaceous earth (DE) or diatomite is a natural siliceous sediment of diatoms. Since silica has been proved to have adjuvant capabilities, we propose that diatoms and DE may provide an inexpensive and abundant source of adjuvant readily available to use in livestock vaccines.In a first experiment, the safety of diatoms used as an adjuvant for in-ovo vaccination was investigated. In a second experiment, we assessed the humoral immune response after one in-ovo vaccination with inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and DE as adjuvant followed by 2 subcutaneous boosters on d 21 and 29 of age. In both experiments, results were compared to Freund's incomplete adjuvant and aluminum hydroxide.No detrimental effects on hatchability and chick quality were detected after in-ovo inoculation of diatoms and DE in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. In experiment 2 no humoral responses were detected after the in-ovo vaccination until 29 d of age. Seven d after the second subcutaneous booster an antibody response against NDV was detected in chickens that had received vaccines adjuvanted with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide, and DE. These responses became significantly higher 10 d after the second booster. Finally, 15 d after the second booster, the humoral responses induced by the vaccine with Freund's incomplete adjuvant were statistically higher, followed by comparable responses induced by vaccines containing DE or aluminum hydroxide that were significantly higher than DE+PBS, PBS+INDV and PBS alone. From an applied perspective, we can propose that DE can serve as a potential adjuvant for vaccines against poultry diseases.
Intracellular crowding defines the mode and sequence of substrate uptake by<i>Escherichia coli</i>and constrains its metabolic activity (2007)

The influence of the high intracellular concentration of macromolecules on cell physiology is increasingly appreciated, but its impact on system-level cellular functions remains poorly quantified. To assess its potential effect, here we develop a flux balance model of Escherichia coli cell metabolism that takes into account a systems-level constraint for the concentration of enzymes catalyzing the various metabolic reactions in the crowded cytoplasm. We demonstrate that the model's predictions for the relative maximum growth rate of wild-type and mutant E. coli cells in single substrate-limited media, and the sequence and mode of substrate uptake and utilization from a complex medium are in good agreement with subsequent experimental observations. These results suggest that molecular crowding represents a bound on the achievable functional states of a metabolic network, and they indicate that models incorporating this constraint can systematically identify alterations in cellular metabolism activated in response to environmental change.
A unique device for controlled electrospinning (2006)

The purpose of this research was to develop a system for controlled electrospinning of fibro-porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications and to use this system to assess mesh architecture sensitivity to manufacturing parameters. The intent was to achieve scaffolds with well-controlled fiber diameters and inter-fiber spacing. To accomplish these objectives, a custom, closed-loop controlled, electrospinning system was built. The system was unique in that it had a collection surface that was independent of the electrodes. The system allowed independent manipulation and analysis of a number of manufacturing parameters: distance between the electrodes, distance from the nozzle to the collection surface, applied voltage, temperature of the melt, collection surface dielectric strength, and collection surface area. Morphological analysis of fabricated meshes showed that all test parameters significantly affected fiber diameter and inter-fiber spacing. Further, contrary to what is generally accepted in the electrospinning literature, voltage and temperature (inversely related to viscosity) were not the most significant parameters. Features of the collection surface, including dielectric strength and surface area, were more significant. This dominance is, in part, a reflection of the unique electrospinning system used. The collection surface, which was not connected to either of the electrodes, substantially altered the electric field between the electrodes. Using the developed controlled electrospinning system, thermoplastic polyurethane meshes with fiber diameters ranging from 5 to 18 microm with variability less than 1.8% were made; inter-fiber spacing ranged from 4 to 90 microm with variability less than 20.2%. The system has potential use in biomedical applications where meshes with controlled fiber diameter and inter-fiber spacing are of interest.
Integrated Carbon Capture and Conversion To Produce Syngas: Novel Process Design, Intensification, and Optimization (2017)

An integrated, modular, and multifunctional process is conceptually designed, simulated, and optimized for direct utilization of CO2 from dilute flue gas to produce high-quality syngas, a precursor for many value-added chemicals and liquid transportation fuels. The process is intensified to simultaneously capture and convert CO2 using methane, natural gas, or excess fuel gas from the same plant, or using nearby unconventional methane from biogas or landfill gas. It is an integrated adsorption-purge-reaction system where CO2 is first adsorbed and then desorbed using methane-rich feed leading to a mixture suitable for dry-reforming. The merging of concentration-based CO2 desorption with the reactor feed premixing step eliminates the need for pressure or temperature swings and significantly reduces the energy penalty and cost of CO2 capture and utilization. The process is simulated at different conditions using a high-fidelity process model to elucidate the effects of key decision variables as well as the trade-offs and interactions between the capture and reforming sections. The technology is flexible to handle different feedstock compositions, and is amenable to both centralized and distributed production of syngas. A constrained grey-box optimization method is employed to achieve a maximum of 99.7% net overall CO2 utilization considering auxiliary emissions at a total cost ranging from $110–130 per ton of syngas. As much as 14.6% of the total CO2 input to the process comes “directly” from flue gas without additional cost for CO2 capture while maintaining about 91% overall CO2 utilization. The technology is also computationally found to be robust in terms of CO2 utilization and cost for different natural gas feeds with CO2 contamination as high as 60%. This can be attributed to the novel process intensification concept and the gray-box constrained optimization method presented in this work.
Time-Multiplexed Beamforming for Noninvasive Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment (2011)

A noninvasive microwave beamforming strategy is proposed for selective localized heating of biological tissue. The proposed technique is based on time multiplexing of multiple beamformers. We investigate the effectiveness of the time-multiplexed beamforming in the context of brain hyperthermia treatment by using a high-fidelity numerical head phantom of an adult female from the Virtual Family (IT'IS Foundation) as our testbed. An operating frequency of 1 GHz is considered to balance the improved treatment resolution afforded by higher frequencies against the increased penetration through the brain afforded by lower frequencies. The exact head geometry and dielectric properties of biological tissues in the head are assumed to be available for the creation of patient-specific propagation models used in beamformer design. Electromagnetic and thermal simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain method are used to evaluate the hyperthermia performance of time-multiplexed beamforming and conventional beamforming strategies. The proposed time-multiplexing technique is shown to reduce the unintended heating of healthy tissue without affecting the treatment temperature or volume. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated for target locations in three different regions of the brain. This approach has the potential to improve microwave-induced localized heating for cancer treatment via hyperthermia or heat-activated chemotherapeutic drug release.
Photoaging and topical tretinoin: therapy, pathogenesis, and prevention. (1997)

Repeated exposure to UV radiation from the sun causes premature skin aging. This photoaging is characterized by wrinkles, mottled pigmentations, dry and rough skin, and loss of skin tone. Since the clinical demonstration that the use of topical tretinoin can improve photoaged skin, a great deal of knowledge that may explain wrinkle effacement has been acquired. Central to this pursuit has been dermal collagen. In this article, we summarize evidence (mainly from humans) that implicates a deficiency of superficial dermal collagen as the cause of the dermal aspects of photoaging. In addition, a mechanism through which UV radiation can lead to reduced collagen is presented. Through our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of photoaging, our ability to treat and possibly prevent this skin condition is enhanced.
Two‐Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskites: Theory, Synthesis, and Optoelectronics (2017)

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials attract great attention due to their unique and novel properties in optics, electronics, magnetics, etc. Various 2D materials have been developed since the discovery of graphene, including hexagonal boron nitrides (h‐BNs), transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus, and so on. Meanwhile, metal halide perovskites are also of great interest because of their high absorbance, high quantum yield, color tunability in the visible‐light range, and high color purity with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). Thus, what happens if 2D materials and metal halide perovskites combine? Here work on 2D metal halide perovskites, a class of new 2D materials, is introduced. Besides the advantages of metal halide perovskites, such as high quantum yield, high color purity, and so on, 2D materials are suitable for flexible and wearable devices, giving 2D metal halide perovskites a more and more important role in energy, information displays, illumination, and many other applications.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Description and Brief History Anisotropic Properties of Liquid Crystals Frank Free Energy and Electromagnetic Field Contribution to Free Energy Alignment Layer and LC Pretilt Angle Rotational Viscosity Electro-optical Effect of LCs LC Modes for Projection FOV of LCDs
PREDICTING DNA METHYLATION SUSCEPTIBILITY USING CpG FLANKING SEQUENCES (2007)

DNA methylation is a type of chemical modification of DNA that adds a methyl group to DNA at the fifth carbon of the cytosine pyrimidine ring. In normal cells, methylation of CpG dinucleotides is extensively found across the genome. However, specific DNA regions known as the CpG islands, short CpG dinucleotide-rich stretches (500 bp - 2000bp), are commonly unmethylated. During tumorigenesis, on the other hand, global de-methylation and CpG island hypermethylation are widely observed. De novo hypermethylation at CpG dinucleotides is typically associated with loss of expression of flanking genes, thus it is believed to be an alternative to mutation and deletion in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In this paper, we report that sequences flanking CpG sites can be used for predicting DNA methylation levels. DNA methylation levels were measured by utilizing a new high throughput sequencing technology (454) to sequence bisulfite treated DNA from four types of primary leukemia and lymphoma cells and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. After measuring methylation levels at each CpG site, we used 30 bp flanking sequences to characterize methylation susceptibility in terms of character compositions and built predictive models for DNA methylation susceptibility, achieving up to 75% prediction accuracy in 10-fold cross validation tests. Our study is first of its kind to build predictive models for methylation susceptibility by utilizing CpG site specific methylation levels.
A New Diode Rectifier Type Utility Interface with Clean Power Characteristics (1996)

In this paper, a new active inrerphase reactor for twelve-pulse diode rectifiers is proposed. In this scheme, a low kVA (0.02 P。 (PU)) active current source injects a triangular current into an interphase reactor of a twelve-pulse diode rectifier. The proposed system draws near sinusoidal input currents from the utility with less than 1% THD is suitable for powering larger kVA ac motor drive systems. Detailed analysis of the proposed scheme along with design equations is illustrated. Simulation results verify the concept. Experimental results are provided from a 208V, 10kVA diode rectifier system.
Exploiting Channel Crosstalk for Polarimetric SAR Compressive Sensing (2019)

We propose a new compressive sensing scheme that enables fully polarimetric radar imaging from a subset of channel measurements. Previous sparse recovery methods for polarimetric radar have not modeled channel coupling. We recognize that mixing of information through coupling is key to dropping a channel. Our method complements fast and slow time sampling and may reduce hardware and communications costs. This paper provides the signal model and examples of successful four-channel recovery when only three are measured.
‘Phormidin’, a novel, better fatty acid synthase inhibitor from marine cyanobacteria, Phormidium Ambiguum (2020)

Background and Purpose: Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an attractive drug target for the treatment of cancer, obesity and microbial infections. Since FAS has an important role in primary metabolic process, targeting FAS by non-cross-reacting inhibitors will be operationally difficult to implement, though attractive. Experimental Approach: A novel FAS inhibitor, Phormidin, from the marine cyanobacteria, Phormidium ambiguum is reported. Its structure is similar to C75, the FAS inhibitor with a 17 carbon aliphatic chain and an open 6 carbon ring. But, it is comparatively less similar to Celurinin, another known FAS inhibitor lacking the epozxy ring. Key Results: In vitro assay of phormidin cytotoxicity with A549 lung carcinoma cell line showed it to be more active than cerulenin and C75, with an IC50 value 76.034 µg/mL, compared to 86.419 µg/mL for Cerulenin and 99.034 µg/mL for C75. Conclusion and Implications: Enzyme inhibition assay of microbial and mammalian FASs showed promising results, with potential to develop better FAS inhibitor drugs.
Record Drift Performance in a Hollow-Core Resonator Fiber Optic Gyroscope Using Anti-Resonant Fiber (2021)

Resonator Fiber Gyroscope (RFOG) performance has hitherto been limited by non- linearity, modal impurity, and backscattering in sensing fibers. By employing high-performance anti-resonant fiber, we show dramatically improved long-term stability (>500x) over prior hollow- core fiber RFOGs.
Experimental Characterization of a Novel Cyclotronic Plasma Actuator (2019)

A novel axisymmetric device with pulsed spark emission was developed as an active flow control alternative to passive vortex generators. The flowfield induced by the actuator was studied in quiescent flow. The current–voltage characteristics and power requirements of the high-voltage circuit that powered the discharge were detailed at different operating power levels. A descending current–voltage characteristic typical for electric breakdown was identified. Schlieren visualization was used to study the thermal effects of the plasma on the surrounding air. The induced flow velocity close to the actuator face was directly related to the influence of the rotating discharge, whereas the flow farther away from the actuator face was dominated by thermal instabilities. Phase-locked stereoscopic particle image velocimetry data were acquired across seven evenly spaced planes perpendicular to the surface of the actuator at three different power levels. These data were used to reconstruct three-component volumetric-averaged velocity fields. The induced velocity by the plasma discharge was found to increase with supplied power. Two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional isosurfaces were used to describe the induced flow and characterize the vorticity created during actuation. An annular vorticity region was discovered centered above the electrode gap.