gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SecA: A Potential Antimicrobial Target (2015)

There is a consensus in the medical profession of the pressing need for novel antimicrobial agents due to issues related to drug resistance. In practice, solutions to this problem to a large degree lie with the identification of new and vital targets in bacteria and subsequently designing their inhibitors. We consider SecA a very promising antimicrobial target. In this review, we compile and analyze information available on SecA to show that inhibition of SecA has a multitude of consequences. Furthermore, we discuss issues critical to the design and evaluation of SecA inhibitors.
Crystallographic facets chemically etched in GaInAsP/InP for integrated optics (1981)

Vertical crystallographic (011) planes were exposed on (100) GaInAsP/InP double heterostructures (DH) by a newly developed chemical etchant and method. This method provides optically flat, mirror quality facets reproducibly and could be very attractive in integrated optics and optoelectronic devices.
Optical waveguides in crystalline organic semiconductor thin films (1991)

Optical waveguiding in a crystalline organic semiconductor, namely, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), has been demonstrated in slab and rib waveguides using both end-fire and grating coupling at λ 1.064 μm. The effective indices of the transverse electric (TE) modes measured by means of grating coupling are in good agreement with theoretical prediction. A very low propagation loss of 2.5 dB/cm in a PTCDA rib waveguide has been determined from measurements of the scattered light intensity from the top surface of the guide.
Completely passivated high conductivity copper films made by annealing Cu/Al bilayers (1996)

Thin films made by annealing Cu(500 nm)/Al(7 nm)/SiO2/Si are investigated using Rutherford backscattering and resistivity measurements. Annealing these films in a low pressure of oxygen results in the formation of a thin surface layer of hole-free aluminum oxide which protects the underlying copper from oxidation. Even when heated in air at 350 °C for 4 h, no growth of copper oxide is detected. These films have a resistivity as low as 2.4 μΩ cm, comparable to the resistivity of pure copper films (2.1 μΩ cm) made in the same deposition system. The use of such films for microelectronic metallization is briefly discussed.
Conversion of Quinazoline Modulators from Inhibitors to Activators of β-Glucocerebrosidase (2019)

Gaucher's disease is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase gene ( GBA1 and GCase) that have been also linked to increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Diffuse Lewy body dementia. Prior studies have suggested that mutant GCase protein undergoes misfolding and degradation, and therefore, stabilization of the mutant protein represents an important therapeutic strategy in synucleinopathies. In this work, we present a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of quinazoline compounds that serve as inhibitors of GCase. Unexpectedly, we found that N-methylation of these inhibitors transformed them into GCase activators. A systematic SAR study further revealed that replacement of the key oxygen atom in the linker of the quinazoline derivative also contributed to the activity switch. PD patient-derived fibroblasts and dopaminergic midbrain neurons were treated with a selected compound (9q) that partially stabilized GCase and improved its activity. These results highlight a novel strategy for therapeutic development of noninhibitory GCase modulators in PD and related synucleinopathies.
Applying Relay Stations with Multiple Antennas in the One- and Two-Way Relay Channel (2007)

This paper considers the two-hop relaying case with bidirectional communication of two nodes 51 and 52 via an intermediate relay station (RS). The RS is equipped with multiple antennas and channel state information is available at the RS. Either the multiple antennas can be used to achieve spatial diversity by applying receive and transmit maximum ratio combining (MRC) at the RS in a one-way relaying approach where up- and downlink are transmitted on orthogonal channel resources, or they can be used to apply the recently introduced multiple input multiple output (MHVIO) two-way relaying. In MIMO two-way relaying, the number of required channel resources is reduced since up- and downlink are transmitted on the same channel resources. In this paper, it is investigated which approach provides a better average and outage performance, respectively. Concerning the average performance, MIMO two-way relaying always outperforms MRC one-way relaying. However, the outage performance in MIMO two-way relaying significantly depends on the choice of the linear filter at the RS. MIMO two-way relaying with a linear zero forcing filter provides a worse outage performance than MRC one-way relaying while MIMO two-way relaying with a linear minimum mean square error filter outperforms MRC one-way relaying.
High Transmission Rate of Germline Chimerism Using Cultured Primordial Germ Cells in Chickens. (2000)

Although primordial germ cells (PGCs) have been used in the production of germline chimera, efficiency has not been satisfactory. The present study was conducted to improve efficiency of germline chimera production using the cultured gonadal PGCs (gPGCs). Germline chimeric chickens were produced by transfer of cultured gonadal primordial germ cells from Korean Ogol Chicken (KOC) to White Leghorn (WL). Gonadal PGCs were isolated from KOC embryonic gonads at stage 27 (5.5-day-old) and cultured in vitro for 10 days. Approximately 200 gPGCs were injected into the bloodstream through the dorsal aorta of stage 12-13 (2-day-old) recipient embryos from which blood had been withdrawn via the dorsal aorta prior to the injection. Recipient embryos were incubated until hatching. Germline chimerism of the chickens reaching maturity was examined by mating them with Korean Ogol Chicken. Donor-derived offspring were identified as germline chimeric chickens based on their feather color. The frequency of germline transmission of donor PGCs ranged 1.9-60.7%. There was no difference between both sexes. Therefore, it can be concluded that efficiency of germline chimerism can be improved via using cultured gPGCs.
Stressed liquid crystals (Invited Paper) (2005)

The recently discovered stressed liquid crystals (SLCs) are of a great interest because they provide the largest phase retardation shift achievable within the shortest time interval. This was accomplished by decoupling the speed of a liquid crystal layer from its thickness. SLCs easily switch 5 microns of phase retardation at sub-millisecond speeds. We have produced phase shifts as large 50 microns in several milliseconds. SLCs are therefore able to modulate IR light with response frequencies higher than 10 kHz. The SLCs are polymer/liquid crystal composites; however, their electro-optic properties differ significantly from previously developed polymer dispersed liquid crystals and polymer network/stabilized liquid crystals. An applied mechanical stress aligns the liquid crystal domains, eliminating scattering and hysteresis at the same time. The phase shift is highly linear with the applied voltage, greatly simplifying the drive electronics. The SLCs pose intriguing basic scientific questions and may be used in a host of new electro-optical applications (micro-displays, diffractive optical elements, beam steering devices).
Ultra-low-noise high-speed single-photon detection using a sinusoidally gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (2010)

We report an ultra-low-noise single-photon detection at 1550nm using a 1-GHz sinusoidally gated InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode. The avalanche photodiode was operated in a low temperature regime ( > 183 K) which can be achieved by a simple electrical cooling system. At 183 K, the dark count probability can be reduced to 2.0×10<sup>-7</sup> with a detection efficiency of 9.6 %, while the afterpulsing probability remained at a low value (3 %).
A robust and fast DP-CELP (double-pulse CELP) vocoder at the bit rate of 4 kb/s (2002)

It has been reported that in a CELP vocoder the perceptual quality of synthesized speech can be improved by replacing the traditional stochastic codebook with a mixed codebook containing periodic SP (single-pulse) and noise-like sequences. At the bit rate of 4 kb/s, the frame and subframe sizes are relatively long to reduce the bit rates for coding the gains and the synthesis filter parameters. In this case, the coding of noise-like sequences requires many more bits than the coding of periodic SP sequences to obtain high-quality speech, thus, a periodic DP (double-pulse) excitation can be introduced while the bit rate required to code the excitation is not significantly increased. In the 4 kb/s DP-CELP vocoder presented in the paper, a mixed codebook containing periodic SP and binary noise-like sequences is first searched, avoiding V/UV decision and exhaustive searching of all possible candidates. If the optimal sequence is of periodic SP, a second periodic SP sequence is combined with it to generate a periodic DP excitation. In the decoder, a proposed short-term postfilter is added to increase the clarity of synthesized speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
OLED Hybrid Integrated Polymer Microfluidic Biosensing for Point of Care Testing (2015)

This paper reports a microfluidic platform with external hybrid integration of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) as an excitation source. This device can be used as a simple and cost effective biosensing element. The device is capable of rapid in-situ detection of biological elements such as sensing of interaction of antigen with fluorescent tagged antibody conjugates. These portable microfluidic systems have great potential for use an OLED in a single chip with very high accuracy and sensitivity for various point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and lab on a chip (LOC) applications, as the miniaturization of the biosensor is essential for handling smaller sample volumes in order to achieve high throughput. The biosensing element was successfully tested to detect anti-sheep IgG conjugates tagged to Alexafluor using a fluorescence based immunoassay method.
Study of Water Balance in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell by Locally Resolved Impedance Spectroscopy (2005)

The water balance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell operated on pure H <sub>2</sub>/O <sub>2</sub> has been investigated in coflow and counterflow mode for different gas humidifications by using locally resolved impedance spectroscopy. The locally resolved impedance spectra show that the strongly decreasing performance with decreasing humidification in coflow mode can be mainly attributed to drying of the membrane and the catalyst layers in the gas inlet region. In contrast, the internal humidification in counterflow mode provides a rapid decrease in ohmic and charge-transfer resistance at the gas inlets and by this allows higher performance, even at low gas humidity.
Cloning, mRNA distribution and chromosomal localisation of the gene for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor beta, a homologue to GDNFR-alpha (1997)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor for central dopaminergic neurons, motor neurons and several other populations of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. GDNF and its receptor complex of c-RET tyrosine kinase and a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linked protein GDNFR-alpha are of great interest due to their potential use in the therapy of Parkinson's and motoneuron diseases. We have cloned the human and rat cDNA sequences of GDNFR-beta, a new gene encoding for a 464 amino acid long homologue of GDNFR-alpha, and assign the locus of this new gene to human chromosome 8p21-22 and mouse chromosome 14D3-E1. Similarly to GDNFR-alpha, GDNFR-beta mediates GDNF-induced Ret autophosphorylation in transfected cells. By northern hybridisation we show that the transcript level of human GDNFR-beta mRNA is high in the adult brain, intestine and placenta and in fetal brain, lung and kidney. Studied by in situ hybridisation, GDNFR-beta mRNA shows in E17 rat embryo different distribution to that of GDNFR-alpha mRNA, especially, in adrenal gland, kidney and gut. In the developing nervous system, GDNFR-beta mRNA expression is restricted to certain neuronal populations, while GDNFR-alpha mRNA is widely expressed also in non-neuronal cells. The distinct tissue distribution of GDNFR-beta mRNA and its ability to mediate GDNF signal in transfected cells suggest a role in signal transduction of GDNF and, possibly, related neurotrophic factors in vivo.
Locally Austempered Ductile Iron (LADI) (2010)

There are numerous component applications that would benefit from localized austempering (heat treating only a portion of the component) for either improved wear properties or fatigue strength. Currently available methods for “surface austempering” of ductile iron are often expensive and not as well controlled as would be desired. This study was undertaken to find a better process. Locally Austempered Ductile Iron (LADI) is the result of those efforts. LADI is a surface hardening heat treatment process that will produce a localized case depth of an ausferrite microstructure (ADI) in a desired area of a component. This process has been jointly developed by Ajax Tocco Magnethermic Corporation (ATM) and Applied Process, Inc.- Technologies Division (AP) with support and collaboration from ThyssenKrupp Waupaca, Inc. (TKW). This paper describes the outcome of using this patent pending process (US #65/195,131).
One scorpion, two venoms: Prevenom of<i>Parabuthus transvaalicus</i>acts as an alternative type of venom with distinct mechanism of action (2003)

Scorpion venom is a complex mixture of salts, small molecules, peptides, and proteins. Scorpions employ this valuable tool in several sophisticated ways for subduing prey, deterring predators, and possibly during mating. Here, a subtle but clever strategy of venom utilization by scorpions is reported. Scorpions secrete a small quantity of transparent venom when initially stimulated that we propose to name prevenom. If secretion continues, a cloudy and dense venom that is white in color is subsequently released. The prevenom contains a combination of high K(+) salt and several peptides including some that block rectifying K(+) channels and elicit significant pain and toxicity because of a massive local depolarization. The presence of high extracellular K(+) in the prevenom can depolarize cells and also decrease the local electrochemical gradient making it more difficult to reestablish the resting potential. When this positive change to the K(+) equilibrium potential is combined with the blockage of rectifying K(+) channels, this further delays the recovery of the resting potential, causing a prolonged effect. We propose that the prevenom of scorpions is used as a highly efficacious predator deterrent and for immobilizing small prey while conserving metabolically expensive venom until a certain level of stimuli is reached, after which the venom is secreted.
Ultrasensitive Optofluidic Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection with Flow-through Multihole Capillaries (2011)

3-Dimensional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection integrated with optofluidics offers many advantages over conventional SERS conducted under planar and static conditions. In this paper, we developed a novel optofluidic SERS platform based on nanoparticle-functionalized flow-through multihole capillaries for rapid, reliable, and ultrasensitive analyte detection. The unique configuration not only provides 3-dimensional geometry for significantly increased SERS-active area and inherent fluidic channels for rapid and efficient sample delivery, but also confines and transmits light along the capillary for large SERS signal accumulation. Using a capillary consisting of thousands of micrometer-sized holes adsorbed with gold nanoparticles, we investigated the proposed optofluidic SERS system using the transverse and longitudinal detection methods, where the SERS excitation and collection were perpendicular to and along the capillary, respectively. A detection limit better than 100 fM for rhodamine 6G was achieved with an enhancement factor exceeding 10(8).
Development of low loss, wide bandwidth hollow core photonic bandgap fibres for telecom applications (2012)

Hollow core Photonic Bandgap Fibres (PBGFs) with a 19-cell core geometry and displaying ultralow loss over record 3 dB transmission bandwidths have been developed. In particular, we demonstrate PBGFs with as low as 4.5 dB/km loss at 2 μm and over >;150 nm wide sub-10 dB/km transmission. Absorbing gas species present in our fibres were identified and their loss contribution quantified. An initial explanation on the origin of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> absorption around 2 μm is formulated along with possible means for its removal.
Improved Temperature Stability of Microwave Properties in Tunable Devices Using Substituted Ba 1− x Sr x TiO 3 (2002)

An improvement in ferroelectric device technology has become possible through optimization of the properties of the ferroelectric materials used to make the devices. The improvements discussed herein impact true time delay line and phase shifter performance by enhancing control over dielectric constant and extending the temperature range of tunability and device operation. Figures of merit were obtained for substituted-Ba 1 m x Sr x TiO 3 materials which have lower, less varying dielectric constant and adequate, less varying tunability at 1 MHz over the mil spec ( m 50 °C to 100 °C) range. For the sample whose figure of merit varies the least, dielectric constant and losses at 20 GHz and room temperature are reported. Dielectric constant and losses at 1 kHz are discussed.
Samsung Physically Unclonable Function (SAMPUF™) and its integration with Samsung Security System (2021)

Physically unclonable functions are the most secure technology to keep a static cryptographic key in a device due to its unclonable and volatile properties, where PUF responses disappear when the power is off. These make a PUF-based key is intrinsically secure against reverse engineering. Though the PUF itself is secure, its integration into a system must be carefully designed to keep its security. This paper presents SAMPUF™ design approach and its integration with security systems.
Expression of the Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1 keratinase gene in B. subtilis (1997)

The kerA gene which encodes the enzyme keratinase was isolated from the feather-degrading bacterium Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1. The entire gene, including pre-, pro- and mature protein regions, was cloned with Pker, its own promoter, P43, the vegetative growth promoter, or the combination of P43-Pker into plasmid pUB18. Transformation of the protease-deficient strain B. subtilis DB104 with these plasmids generated transformant strains FDB-3, FDB-108 and FDB-29 respectively. All transformants expressed active keratinase in both feather and LB media, in contrast to PWD-1, in which kerA was repressed when grown in LB medium. With P43-Pker upstream of kerA, FDB-29 displayed the highest activity in feather medium. Production of keratinase in PWD-1 and transformants was further characterized when glucose or casamino acids were supplemented into the feather medium. These studies help understand the regulation of kerA expression and, in the long run, can help strain development and medium conditioning for the production of this industrially important keratinase.
A Review on the Cerebrovascular Segmentation Methods (2018)

This paper explores various methods that have been proposed for the segmentation of the cerebrovascular structure. All of the methods listed are a combination old, new, automatic and semiautomatic models that produce promising results. Each method will be explained along with its advantages and disadvantages. Each of the methods explained are further explored in this paper with variety algorithms produced by using certain models to target certain areas in the cerebrovascular structure. These algorithms were developed to segment cerebrovascular structures from scans obtained from various image modalities e.g., time of flight magnetic-resonance angiography (TOF-MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA).
Word alignment for languages with scarce resources using bilingual corpora of other language pairs (2006)

This paper proposes an approach to improve word alignment for languages with scarce resources using bilingual corpora of other language pairs. To perform word alignment between languages L1 and L2, we introduce a third language L3. Although only small amounts of bilingual data are available for the desired language pair L1-L2, large-scale bilingual corpora in L1-L3 and L2-L3 are available. Based on these two additional corpora and with L3 as the pivot language, we build a word alignment model for L1 and L2. This approach can build a word alignment model for two languages even if no bilingual corpus is available in this language pair. In addition, we build another word alignment model for L1 and L2 using the small L1-L2 bilingual corpus. Then we interpolate the above two models to further improve word alignment between L1 and L2. Experimental results indicate a relative error rate reduction of 21.30% as compared with the method only using the small bilingual corpus in L1 and L2.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-core fibers (2012)

Reduction of inter-core crosstalk in uncoupled multi-core fibers (MCFs) is the most critical issue for long-haul space division multiplexing transmission. In homogeneous MCFs, the crosstalk is degraded as increasing a bending radius. On the other hand, in heterogeneous MCFs, the crosstalk can be drastically reduced when a bending radius is larger than a specific value. Required coupling coefficient and propagation constant difference between neighboring cores as well as allowable outer cladding diameter and assumed bending radii range are important fiber design parameters for maximizing a relative core density in a MCF.
Evaluation of Isobutylene-Based Elastomers in a Model Winter Tire Tread (2003)

Abstract The performance of butyl, chlorobutyl, bromobutyl, and brominated isobutylene-co-para-methylstyrene (BIMS) rubbers were evaluated versus a solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber with 20% bound styrene in model winter tire tread formulations containing natural rubber and butadiene rubber. Isobutylene-based elastomer performance was compared in carbon black-filled and silane-coupled silica-filled systems. Based on laboratory dynamic properties predictive of wet and winter traction, and on DIN abrasion index values, BIMS is the elastomer of choice affording increased tangent delta values between 0 °C and −40 °C, and the highest DIN abrasion index values of the isobutylene-based elastomers. Evaluation of BIMS / NR / BR blends in model compounds show its utility as a tread polymer for improving winter performance.
Mapping the Antigenicity of the Parasites in Leishmania donovani Infection by Proteome Serology (2006)

Proteomics-based dissection of the serospecificities of leishmaniasis patients provides a comprehensive inventory of the complexity and interindividual heterogeneity of the host-responses to and variations in the antigenicity of the Leishmania parasites. This information can be instrumental in the development of vaccines and new immune monitoring and diagnostic devices.