gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular iron diminishes anticancer effects of vitamin C: An in vitro study (2014)

In vitro studies have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by high-concentration ascorbate and cell culture medium iron efficiently kills cancer cells. This provided the rationale for clinical trials of high-dose intravenous ascorbate-based treatment for cancer. A drawback in all the in vitro studies was their failure to take into account the in vivo concentration of iron to supplement cell culture media which are characterized by low iron content. Here we showed, using two prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) and primary astrocytes, that the anticancer/cytotoxic effects of ascorbate are completely abolished by iron at physiological concentrations in cell culture medium and human plasma. A detailed examination of mechanisms showed that iron at physiological concentrations promotes both production and decomposition of H2O2. The latter is mediated by Fenton reaction and prevents H2O2 accumulation. The hydroxyl radical, which is produced in the Fenton reaction, is buffered by extracellular proteins, and could not affect intracellular targets like H2O2. These findings show that anticancer effects of ascorbate have been significantly overestimated in previous in vitro studies, and that common cell culture media might be unsuitable for redox research.
[Research on A23187 inducing HL-60 cells to differentiate into dendritic cells]. (2007)

The calcium ionophore A23187 can induce the HL-60 cells into mature DCs. This study suggests that calcium mobilization for cell differentiation may be an alternative way to rapidly acquire DCs.
Interventions for chronic kidney disease-associated restless legs syndrome (2018)

Faculty of Health & Medicine, School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Correspondence: Peter M. Sinclair, RN (Renal), MPhil, PhD (c), Lecturer, Faculty of Health & Medicine, School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia E-mail: [email protected]
Natural Size Development of Myomata – Ultrasound Observational Study of 55 Premenopausal Patients (2014)

<b>Objective:</b> The natural growth progression of uterine leiomyomata will be studied and used to identify potential predictive criteria of myoma size development. This should answer the question of whether myoma growth is dependent on patient age, or on the localisation or original size of the myoma, as well as how much of a size increase can be expected per unit of time, and the proportion of myomata which shrink. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> Patient files of a myoma surgery from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The following inclusion criteria applied: diagnosis of at least one, but not more than three myomata, a minimum of two consultations within three years, the performance of a transvaginal ultrasound to determine size, no pregnancy, and no medical or surgical myoma reduction measures. Only premenopausal patients were included in the analysis. Myoma volume was approximated using a formula similar to that used to calculate the volume of an ellipsoid. <b>Results:</b> 55 out of 102 patients (median age: 38 years), in which a total of 72 myomata were diagnosed, could be included in the evaluation. The median diameter of the myomata at the start of the study was 3.8 cm, with an average growth rate of 30 % over 6 months (range: - 46 to + 459 %). 15 % of the myomata regressed. The linear regression analysis showed a correlation between myoma growth over 6 months, the original size of the myoma (p = 0.023) and patient age (p = 0.038), but no connection was found to the localisation of the myoma. Smaller myomata decreased significantly more in size than larger myomata (p = 0.011). Older patients presented with larger myomata. <b>Conclusions:</b> Myomata demonstrate a strikingly large variation in size development. Their growth is highly individual and not ultimately predictable. Patients should be advised of the possibility of spontaneous myoma regression.
Optimum Semi-Codeless Carrier Phase Tracking of L2 (1999)

GPS satellites transmit spread spectrum signals on L1 and
L2 at 1575.42 and 1227.6 MHz, respectively. The
Coarse/Acquisition (C/A) code and the precision (P) code
modulate the L1 signal. The L2 signal is modulated by the
P-code only. GPS receivers measure the carrier and code
phases of the L1 and L2 signals from a number of GPS
satellites to compute the position of the receiver and the
time at which the measurements are collected. To prevent
spoofing of the military P-code signals, an encrypted
code, called the W code, which is not available to civilian
users, is modulated by the Department of Defense with
the publicly known P code on both L1 and L2 to provide
the anti-spoofing Y-code. Since L2, unlike L1, does not
have the C/A code, its access is denied to all users without
knowledge of the W-code. This has severe impacts on
survey, carrier phase differential, and kinematic users
who need rapid carrier phase ambiguity resolution that
requires the difference frequency between L1 and L2 (the
so-called Widelane Frequency). The widelane frequency
has a wavelength that is 4.5 times larger than L1.
Without knowledge of the Y-code, one has to apply a
codeless or a semi-codeless technique for the reconstruction of the L2 carrier phase. Most receivers
utilize a hybrid technique. The L1 carrier is recovered
after C/A code correlation, and the L2 carrier is
reconstructed without knowledge of the Y or W codes.
There are four known techniques that have been published
in the past: squaring, cross-correlation, P-code aided L2
squaring, and Z-tracking. Because of the lack of
knowledge of the W code, these techniques perform
significantly worse (14 to 31 dB at a typical L2 C/No)
than an ideal phase lock loop.
This paper presents five additional techniques that can be
used to reconstruct the L2 carrier without knowledge of
the W-code. These five techniques are: 1) Code-aided L2
Costas loop with W-Bit integrate and dump arm filtering;
2) P-code aided L1, L2 Cross Correlation; 3) Soft
decision Z-tracking; 4) Optimum L2 demodulation
motivated by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation
theory; and 5) Linear approximation of the MAP
approach. The first three techniques are modification of
existing techniques, with improved performance.
Techniques 4 and 5 are optimum and near optimum
techniques based on statistical estimation theory. A
detailed derivation of the MAP approach is given. Also
presented is a detailed comparison of the squaring losses
of the various L2 recovery techniques as functions of
received L2 C/No's. The performance of the MAP
technique and its linear approximation is shown to be at
least 3 dB better than all techniques published previously.
In addition, it is analytically shown that the MAP
approach provides the minimum squaring loss that is
possible, and represents an upper bound of achievable
performance for L2 carrier recovery without knowledge
of the W-code. Computer simulation results agree with
theory.
Improving Text-to-SQL Evaluation Methodology (2018)

Catherine Finegan-Dollak, Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, Li Zhang, Karthik Ramanathan, Sesh Sadasivam, Rui Zhang, Dragomir Radev. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2018.
Transversal gates and error propagation in 3D topological codes (2018)

I study the interplay of errors with transversal gates in 3D color codes, and introduce some new such gates. Two features of the transversal T gate stand out: (i) it naturally defines a set of correctable errors, and (ii) it exhibits a `linking charge' phenomenon that is of interest for a wide class of 3D topologically ordered systems.
A routing protocol for finding two node-disjoint paths in computer networks (2002)

In this paper, we present a routing protocol for finding two node-disjoint paths between each pair of nodes in a computer network. In the proposed protocol, each node in the network has the same procedure, which is driven by local information with respect to the network topology such as an adjacent node on a spanning tree in the network. Thus, the execution of the protocol can continue after changes of the network topology and load. The concept of spanning tree-based kernel construction is introduced to synchronize procedures under the distributed control of the protocol. The routing scheme based on the protocol possesses the enhanced capabilities of alternate routes and load splitting, which cope with failures and load variations in the network. Furthermore, even if topology changes occur which damage the obtained disjoint paths, the paths themselves can be updated efficiently.
Effect of acetyl‐L‐carnitine on the dopaminergic system in aging brain (1991)

We studied the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) on dopamine release and the effect of long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on age-related changes in striatal dopamine receptors and brain amino acid levels. In striatal tissue that had been incubated with [3H]dopamine, acetyl-L-carnitine increased the release of [3H]dopamine evoked by electrical stimulation. In striatal tissue from aged mice administered acetyl-L-carnitine for 3 months, the release of [3H]dopamine evoked by electrical stimulation was higher than that of its aged control; the release after a second stimulation was similar in the two groups. There was a significant decline in the number of D1 striatal dopamine receptors with age. The Bmax was 51% lower in 1.5-year-old mice than in 4-month-old animals. Administration of acetyl-L-carnitine for 3 months diminished the reduction in the binding of [3H]SCH-23390. [3H]Spiperone binding to D2 receptors was not decreased with age and was not affected by acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. Age-related decreases in levels of several amino acids were observed in several brain regions. Acetyl-L-carnitine lessened the reduction in the level of taurine only in the striatum. The findings confirm the multiple effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in brain, and suggest that its administration can have a positive effect on age-related changes in the dopaminergic system.
Atmospheric Absorption Line Compilation (1973)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. S. Garing and R. A. McClatchey, "Atmospheric Absorption Line Compilation," Appl. Opt. 12, 2545-2545 (1973) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Glycoprotein of Nonpathogenic Rabies Viruses Is a Major Inducer of Apoptosis in Human Jurkat T Cells (2003)

This study sought to identify the RV protein that causes apoptosis. For this purpose, we first compared the ability of G and N proteins of a pathogenic and a nonpathogenic strain to trigger apoptosis of Jurkat rtTA by using an inducible Tet-on expression system. Then we analyzed apoptosis induced by a reverse genetic-engineered recombinant rabies virus in which the G gene from a nonpathogenic strain was replaced by its pathogenic strain counterpart. No other virus proteins than G of nonpathogenic RV strains induce apoptosis, and the G polypeptide of RV is a critical determinant for apoptosis in human cells.
Phytotoxins produced by plant pathogenic <i>Streptomyces</i> species (2013)

Streptomyces is a large genus consisting of soil-dwelling, filamentous bacteria that are best known for their capability of producing a vast array of medically and agriculturally useful secondary metabolites. In addition, a small number of Streptomyces spp. are capable of colonizing and infecting the underground portions of living plants and causing economically important crop diseases such as potato common scab (CS). Research into the mechanisms of Streptomyces plant pathogenicity has led to the identification and characterization of several phytotoxic secondary metabolites that are known or suspected of contributing to diseases in various plants. The best characterized are the thaxtomin phytotoxins, which play a critical role in the development of CS, acid scab and soil rot of sweet potato. In addition, the best-characterized CS-causing pathogen, Streptomyces scabies, produces a molecule that is predicted to resemble the Pseudomonas syringae coronatine phytotoxin and which contributes to seedling disease symptom development. Other Streptomyces phytotoxic secondary metabolites that have been identified include concanamycins, FD-891 and borrelidin. Furthermore, there is evidence that additional, unknown metabolites may participate in Streptomyces plant pathogenicity. Such revelations have implications for the rational development of better management procedures for controlling CS and other Streptomyces plant diseases.
Emulsion Polymers and Emulsion Polymerization (1981)

Emulsion polymerization was first reported in 1927 by Ray P. Dinsmore of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (1). He made aqueous emulsions of various methyl-butadienes using oleic acid salts and casein or egg albumin as emulsifiers, and allowed them to stand at 50°-70°C for six months to polymerize. Although not what we would consider a practical process today, it led over the next two decades to an entire industry. It was natural that the term "emulsion polymerization" should be applied: one started with a liquid emulsion and ended with a polymer emulsion. As it turned out, the appellation has been an unfortunate one in that, except in rare circumstances, the mechanism does not involve polymerization in emulsified monomer droplets. It was observed by both McBain and Harkins independently in 1932 that polymeric latex particles could be formed in the absence of emulsifying agents from monomers of low water-solubility (2,
Modeling Skewed Distribution Using Multifractals and the `80-20' Law (2018)

The focus of this paper is on the characterization of the skewness of an attribute-value distribution and on the extrapolations for interesting parameters. More specifically, given a vector with the highest h multiplicities mvec = (m1, m2, ..., mh), and some frequency moments Fq =\sum miq , (e.g., q=0, 2), we provide effective schemes for obtaining estimates about either its statistics or subsets/supersets of the relation. We assume an 80/20 law, and specifically, a p/(1-p) law. This law gives a distribution which is commonly known in the fractals literature as `multifractal'. We show how to estimate p from the given information (first few multiplicities and a few moments), and present the results of our experimentations on real data. Our results demonstrate that schemes based on our multifractal assumption consistently outperforms those schemes based on the uniformity assumption, which are commonly used in current DBMSs. Moreover, our schemes can be used to provide estimates for supersets of a relation, which the uniformity assumption based schemes can not not provide at all.
Deep Learning Based Motion Planning For Autonomous Vehicle Using Spatiotemporal LSTM Network (2018)

Motion Planning, as a fundamental technology of automatic navigation for autonomous vehicle, is still an open challenging issue in real-life traffic situation and is mostly applied by the model-based approaches. However, due to the complexity of the traffic situations and the uncertainty of the edge cases, it is hard to devise a general motion planning system for autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we proposed a motion planning model based on deep learning (named as spatiotemporal LSTM network), which is able to generate a real-time reflection based on spatiotemporal information extraction. To be specific, the model based on spatiotemporal LSTM network has three main structure. Firstly, the Convolutional Long-short Term Memory (Conv-LSTM) is used to extract hidden features through sequential image data. Then, the 3D Convolutional Neural Network(3D-CNN) is applied to extract the spatiotemporal information from the multi-frame feature information. Finally, the fully connected neural networks are used to construct a control model for autonomous vehicle steering angle. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can generate a robust and accurate visual motion planning results for autonomous vehicle.
Darts: an automated feature test system for a digital central office switching system (2002)

The automated testing system described herein was developed to support feature testing of a Digital Central Office Switching System, the Siemens EWSD (System Under Test-SUT). The SUT is a large real-time central office telephone system combining hardware, software and firmware components that have been developed for telephony applications in a large central office environment. The need to provide an automated testing system for embedded software becomes apparent when it is recognized that it may take from 5 to 75 minutes to manually setup, execute and evaluate a single test on the SUT. Also as new features are added to the SUT the number of tests necessary to perform feature and regression testing must be continuously expanded in order to provide the required amount of test coverage. Additional time is also needed to perform re-execution of some tests for debugging and validation of a fault correction. If, however, tests are automated, multiple re-executions of each test increases the amount of regression testing which can be performed and dramatically improves the quality of feature testing on the SUT and by extension the quality of the software on the SUT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Compound Grease on the Performance of Premium Connections (1990)

SUMMARY We investigated the harmful effect of compound grease on premium connections. The pressure buildup of compound grease trapped between threads was measured during and after makeup of the connection. The resulting hoop stress in the coupling and the reduction in the seal interference were also measured. Mathematical models were developed to calculate coupling stress and grease pressure. Results indicate that for the conventional API buttress-thread profile, the pressure of trapped compound grease remains permanently high after the connection is made up because of the small thread-clearance area. This high pressure results in a high coupling stress and a large reduction in seal interference diameter, thereby degrading the integrity of the connection. To solve this problem, the thread profile was redesigned with a thread-clearance area larger than that of conventional buttress thread. The connection with the new thread design showed a significantly lower pressure buildup, coupling stress, and seal interference reduction than that with the conventional thread design. Therefore, premium connections with the new thread design are recommended over those with conventional buttress thread design for wells in hostile environments.
Randomized trial of the immunogenicity of fractional dose regimens of PRP-T Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. (2000)

To assess the immunogenicity of more economical regimens of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, a randomized trial of fractional doses of polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) Hib vaccine was undertaken in the Dominican Republic. Six hundred children were assigned to one of six regimens with PRP-T vaccine: full-dose, half-dose, and one-third-dose of Hib vaccine given separately or combined with diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months. Regimens that elicited antibody levels > 1.0 microg/mL in >70% of children and < or = 0.15 microg/mL in > 90% of children were considered acceptable. At 1 month post Dose 3, all regimens met the criteria for acceptable response. Among those who received Hib as a separate injection, geometric mean concentrations of anti-PRP bodies (GMCs) at age 1 month post Dose 3 were 11.2, 11.9, and 16.3 in the full, half, and one-third dose groups, respectively. Among those who received Hib and DTP combined, the GMCs were 6.4, 5.2, and 5.7 in the full-, half-, and one-third-dose groups respectively.
Improved Properties of Silicon Nitride Films Prepared by the Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1997)

The properties of silicon nitride (SiN x ) films produced by the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (cat-CVD) method are extensively studied for device application. In the cat-CVD method, the deposition gases such as a silane (SiH 4 )) and ammonia (NH 3 )) gas mixture are decomposed by catalytic cracking reactions with a heated catalyzer near the substrates, and the SiN x films are formed at substrate temperatures around 300°C without using plasma. It was found that the electrical insulating properties such as resistivity and breakdown voltage and also the optical properties of the cat-CVD SiN x films were almost similar to those of high-temperature thermal CVD films, and that the hydrogen content was much lower than that of conventional plasma enhanced CVD (PE-CVD) films and was only a few atomic percent. It was also revealed that the film was water-resistive, the chemical etching rate was just 1/10 of that for PE-CVD films, and that the step coverage of cat-CVD SiN x films was conformal. The films are expected to be used as new device passivation films and are superior to the conventional PE-CVD SiN x films.
Plasticity of Î³Î´ T Cells: Impact on the Anti-Tumor Response (2014)

The tumor immune microenvironment contributes to tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapy. Among the immune cell subsets that play a role in the tumor microenvironment, innate-like T cells that express T cell receptors composed of γ and δ chains (γδ T cells) are of particular interest. γδ T cells can contribute to the immune response against many tumor types (lymphoma, myeloma, melanoma, breast, colon, lung, ovary, and prostate cancer) directly through their cytotoxic activity and indirectly by stimulating or regulating the biological functions of other cell types required for the initiation and establishment of the anti-tumor immune response, such as dendritic cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. However, the notion that tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells are a good prognostic marker in cancer was recently challenged by studies showing that the presence of these cells in the tumor microenvironment was associated with poor prognosis in both breast and colon cancer. These findings suggest that γδ T cells may also display pro-tumor activities. Indeed, breast tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells could exert an immunosuppressive activity by negatively regulating dendritic cell maturation. Furthermore, recent studies demonstrated that signals from the microenvironment, particularly cytokines, can confer some plasticity to γδ T cells and promote their differentiation into γδ T cells with regulatory functions. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the functional plasticity of γδ T cells and its effect on their anti-tumor activities. It also discusses the putative mechanisms underlying γδ T cell expansion, differentiation, and recruitment in the tumor microenvironment.
Power loss and efficiency analysis of a four-level π-type converter (2015)

In this paper, an analytical model has been developed to analyze the device power loss and the efficiency of a new four-level π-type converter. The efficiency of the π-type converter has been evaluated against a conventional two-level converter, three-level T-type converter as well as the three-level NPC converter. It has been found out that the four-level π-type converter has a higher efficiency when switching frequency is above 5 kHz. It can achieve 97% efficiency at 50 kHz switching frequency under the rated current. An experimental four-level π-type inverter topology has been built and the efficiency has been validated.