gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magneto-Mechanical Transmitters for Ultralow Frequency Near-Field Data Transfer (2021)

Electromagnetic signals in the ultralow frequency (ULF) range below 3 kHz are well suited for underwater and underground wireless communication thanks to low signal attenuation and high penetration depth. However, it is challenging to design ULF transmitters that are simultaneously compact and energy efficient using traditional approaches, e.g., using coils or dipole antennas. Recent works have considered magneto-mechanical alternatives, in which ULF magnetic fields are generated using the motion of permanent magnets, since they enable extremely compact ULF transmitters that can operate with low energy consumption and are suitable for human-portable applications. Here we explore the design and operating principles of resonant magneto-mechanical transmitters (MMT) that operate over frequencies spanning a few 10 s of Hz up to 1 kHz. We experimentally demonstrate two types of MMT designs using both single-rotor and multirotor architectures. We study the nonlinear electro-mechanical dynamics of MMTs using point dipole approximation and magneto-static simulations. We further experimentally explore techniques to control the operation frequency and demonstrate amplitude modulation up to 10 bits-per-second. We additionally demonstrate how using oppositely polarized MMT modules can permit systems that have low dc-field but do not sacrifice the ac magnetic field produced.
Specific covalent inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase suppresses B cell lymphoma growth (2018)

The paracaspase MALT1 plays an essential role in activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL) downstream of B cell and TLR pathway genes mutated in these tumors. Although MALT1 is considered a compelling therapeutic target, the development of tractable and specific MALT1 protease inhibitors has thus far been elusive. Here, we developed a target engagement assay that provides a quantitative readout for specific MALT1-inhibitory effects in living cells. This enabled a structure-guided medicinal chemistry effort culminating in the discovery of pharmacologically tractable, irreversible substrate-mimetic compounds that bind the MALT1 active site. We confirmed that MALT1 targeting with compound 3 is effective at suppressing ABC DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that a reduction in serum IL-10 levels exquisitely correlates with the drug pharmacokinetics and degree of MALT1 inhibition in vitro and in vivo and could constitute a useful pharmacodynamic biomarker to evaluate these compounds in clinical trials. Compound 3 revealed insights into the biology of MALT1 in ABC DLBCL, such as the role of MALT1 in driving JAK/STAT signaling and suppressing the type I IFN response and MHC class II expression, suggesting that MALT1 inhibition could prime lymphomas for immune recognition by cytotoxic immune cells.
Epitaxial Graphene Growth on SiC Wafers (2009)

An in vacuo thermal desorption process has been accomplished to form epitaxial graphene (EG) on 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates using a commercial chemical vapor deposition reactor. Correlation of growth conditions and the morphology and electrical properties of EG are described. Raman spectra of EG on Si-face samples were dominated by monolayer thickness. This approach was used to grow EG on 50 mm SiC wafers that were subsequently fabricated into field effect transistors with fmax of 14 GHz.
Fast prefix matching of bounded strings (2003)

Longest Prefix Matching (LPM) is the problem of finding which string from a given set is the longest prefix of another, given string. LPM is a core problem in many applications, including IP routing, network data clustering, and telephone network management. These applications typically require very fast matching of bounded strings, i.e., strings that are short and based on small alphabets. We note a simple correspondence between bounded strings and natural numbers that maps prefixes to nested intervals so that computing the longest prefix matching a string is equivalent to finding the shortest interval containing its corresponding integer value. We then present retries , a fast and compact data structure for LPM on general alphabets. Performance results show that retries often outperform previously published data structures for IP look-up. By extending LPM to general alphabets, retries admit new applications that could not exploit prior LPM solutions designed for IP look-ups.
XNOR-SRAM: In-Memory Computing SRAM Macro for Binary/Ternary Deep Neural Networks (2018)

We present an in-memory computing SRAM macro that computes XNOR-and-accumulate in binary/ternary deep neural networks on the bitline without row-by-row data access. It achieves 33X better energy and 300X better energy-delay product than digital ASIC, and also achieves significantly higher accuracy than prior in-SRAM computing macro (e.g., 98.3% vs. 90% for MNIST) by being able to support the mainstream DNN/CNN algorithms.
New Phosphate Fluorosurfactants for Carbon Dioxide (2002)

Anionic phosphate fluorosurfactants were shown to self-assemble into water-in-carbon dioxide microemulsions. The surfactants, having either two fluorinated chains or one fluorinated chain and one hydrocarbon chain, facilitated significant water uptake in CO2. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of surfactant/water/CO2 solutions confirmed the presence of nanometer-scale aggregates, indicative of microemulsion formation.
Vibration and torsional damping coupling for a power transmission (1992)

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Single‐ and Multicompartment Hollow Polyelectrolyte Complex Microcapsules by One‐Step Spraying (2015)

Polyelectrolyte complex microcapsules are prepared using a novel template- and surfactant-free method. The microcapsules are produced spontaneously by ultrasonically spraying a solution of complex into a hot water reservoir, which enhances diffusion and relaxation of the polymer. The size and wall thickness of the microcapsules are precisely controlled. Encapsulation of polymers and nanoparticles by mixing them with polyelectrolyte solutions is demonstrated.
Video-to-Video Dynamic Super-Resolution for Grayscale and Color Sequences (2006)

We address the dynamic super-resolution (SR) problem of reconstructing a high-quality set of monochromatic or color super-resolved images from low-quality monochromatic, color, or mosaiced frames. Our approach includes a joint method for simultaneous SR, deblurring, and demosaicing, this way taking into account practical color measurements encountered in video sequences. For the case of translational motion and common space-invariant blur, the proposed method is based on a very fast and memory efficient approximation of the Kalman filter (KF). Experimental results on both simulated and real data are supplied, demonstrating the presented algorithms, and their strength.
Circuit Techniques Utilizing Independent Gate Control in Double-Gate Technologies (2008)

Independent gate control in double-gate (DG) devices enhances circuit performance and robustness while substantially reducing leakage and chip area. In this paper, we describe circuit techniques which take advantage of the independent biasing properties of symmetrical and asymmetrical DG devices in design. DG circuits at the 25-nm node are analyzed via mixed-mode numerical simulations using Taurus MEDICI. In dynamic circuits, we give examples of conditional keepers, charge sharing prevention scheme, and static keepers. A conditional keeper can dynamically achieve the optimal strength ratio between keeper and evaluation devices by utilizing the front- and backchannel currents in DG devices. A charge sharing mitigation scheme utilizing the back-gate of a logic transistor is then described. Static data retention scheme in dynamic circuits is proposed. A case study for analog applications using a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) illustrates the specific advantages of DG devices.
Transverse Mode Control in High-Contrast Subwavelength Grating VCSEL (2007)

We present the experimental study on transverse mode control in VCSEL utilizing finite-area single-layer high-index-contrast subwavelength grating. A 2 mW, single transverse mode (30 dB) emission can be obtained for HCG-VCSEL with oxide aperture up to 10μm.
Jacobian-Based Iterative Method for Magnetic Localization in Robotic Capsule Endoscopy (2016)

The purpose of this study is to validate a Jacobian-based iterative method for real-time localization of magnetically controlled endoscopic capsules. The proposed approach applies finite-element solutions to the magnetic field problem and least-squares interpolations to obtain closed-form and fast estimates of the magnetic field. By defining a closed-form expression for the Jacobian of the magnetic field relative to changes in the capsule pose, we are able to obtain an iterative localization at a faster computational time when compared with prior works, without suffering from the inaccuracies stemming from dipole assumptions. This new algorithm can be used in conjunction with an absolute localization technique that provides initialization values at a slower refresh rate. The proposed approach was assessed via simulation and experimental trials, adopting a wireless capsule equipped with a permanent magnet, six magnetic field sensors, and an inertial measurement unit. The overall refresh rate, including sensor data acquisition and wireless communication was 7 ms, thus enabling closed-loop control strategies for magnetic manipulation running faster than 100 Hz. The average localization error, expressed in cylindrical coordinates was below 7 mm in both the radial and axial components and 5<i>°</i> in the azimuthal component. The average error for the capsule orientation angles, obtained by fusing gyroscope and inclinometer measurements, was below 5°.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of a highly active <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> lipase fragment identifies residues essential for catalysis (2000)

Abstract A fragment of Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase gene (Lys‐303 to Lys‐688) was inserted into plasmid pET‐20b(+). The resulting C‐terminal His‐tagged recombinant protein (43 kDa) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as a highly active lipase and was purified with nickel‐coupled resin. Putative catalytic sites were determined by site‐directed mutagenesis. Mutant enzymes (S418C and H648K) lost enzyme activities, which strongly suggests that the proposed residues of Ser‐418 and His‐648 are involved in catalysis. Site‐directed mutagenesis showed that in comparison with wild‐type enzyme, the M419A and V649l enzymes showed a 2.0‐ and 4.0‐fold increase in the k cat / K m′ respectively, but the M419l, M419Q, V649A, and V649L variants lost enzyme activities. The wild‐type enzyme and the V649l mutant favored the hydrolysis of p ‐nitrophenyl esters of butyrate, but the M419A favored decanoate. The results suggested that the amino acid residues (Met‐419 and Val‐649), following the catalytic triad, could affect the substrate specificity and/or catalytic efficiency.
Stochastic modeling of spectral adjustment for high quality pitch modification (2002)

We present a new algorithm for adjusting the magnitude spectrum when the fundamental frequency (F/sub 0/) of a speech signal is altered. The algorithm exploits the correlation between F/sub 0/ and the magnitude spectrum of speech as represented by line spectral frequencies (LSFs). This correlation is class-dependent, and thus a broad classification of the input is achieved by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The within-class dependencies of LSFs on F/sub 0/ values are captured by constructing their joint probability densities using a series of GMMs, one for each speech class. The proposed system is used for post-processing the pitch modified signal. Perceptual tests showed that the addition of this post-processing system improves the naturalness of the pitch modified signal for large pitch modification factors.
<title>Informed digital watermark embedding based on guided scrambling</title> (2003)

Digital watermarking systems are required to embed as much information as possible in a digital media without the perceptual distortion as well as to extract it correctly with high probabilities even though the media is subjected to many kinds of operations. To this end, guided scrambling (GS) techniques, usually used for a recording channel, are applied to digital watermarking systems. A simple GS scheme can make the power of a watermark signal larger against the power of media noise under the condition of preserving the perceptual fidelity, resulting in smaller error probabilities of the retrieved watermark bits. In addition, watermarking systems based on the GS can have more robustness to some specified operations if the prior information on the operations is given to the embedder. JPEG compression is a good example of such an operation when still images are transmitted over the Internet. In order for watermark signals to be more tolerable to the known JPEG attack, the GS-based watermark embedder having advance knowledge of the JPEG compression is realized. Further, the GS concatenated with turbo coding is introduced to lower the bit error rate more.
Fabrication and optical-switching results of the double-gate static-induction thyristor with the first planar-gate and the second buried-gate structure (1986)

A new thyristor structure-a class of the double-gate (DG) static-induction (SI) thyristors-was fabricated and showed quick dual-gate current controllability and less turn-off tailing current, because the anode current can be controlled by both the first and the second gate and the electrons stored at the second gate can be discharged through the second gate circuit in a very short time at the turn-off process. Moreover, the DG SI thyristors have a capability of lower forward voltage drop and faster switching speed than those values of the single-gate SI thyristor.
A novel fast-acting sub-perception spinal cord stimulation therapy enables rapid onset of analgesia in patients with chronic pain (2021)

<b>Background</b>: Treating chronic pain using sub-perception Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) does not elicit paresthesia but is associated with long analgesic 'wash-in' (i.e. duration until maximum pain relief) and prolonged assessment of therapy. We describe the attainment of clinically meaningful and rapid-onset analgesic outcomes using a novel sub-perception SCS approach.<b>Methods</b>: This observational case-series evaluated patients implanted with an SCS device for chronic pain, who underwent re-programming utilizing a new methodology in which paresthesia was used to guide sub-perception stimulation field targeting at specific parameters including charge-balanced symmetrical pulses at 90 Hz (termed Fast-Acting Sub-Perception Therapy, FAST). Pain scores (NRS) were collected as reported per standard-of-care from patient charts.<b>Results</b>: Mean overall pain score at baseline was 8.4 ± 0.2 (n = 41). After activation of FAST, a 7.1-point reduction in overall pain score was (1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001) reported within 11.2 ± 1.9 minutes (n = 34). This decrease in pain score was sustained out to 3-month (1.6 ± 0.3, n = 26) and 6-month follow-up (1.7 ± 0.4, n = 18). At last follow up (mean = 223 ± 132 days), a pain score of 1.6 ± 0.3, n = 30 was determined.<b>Conclusions</b>: After FAST implementation, a profound analgesic response, requiring substantially less energy than conventional sub-perception methodologies, was observed. This rapid analgesic onset achieved with the novel FAST technique suggests the potential for an alternative mechanism of action(s) of sub-perception SCS.
Hydrogen-rich gas generators to reduce air pollution and improve gasoline economy (1975)

Thermal generator, consisting of burner, reaction chamber, and heat exchanger, produces gas from gasoline/air mixture. Units can be utilized with spark ignition engine.
Effect of fixation tasks on multifocal visual evoked potentials (2005)

Our findings indicate that task 1 required a minimal demand of cognition and was associated with the greatest amount of alpha rhythm. It was also the most difficult to perform because of loss of interest. The other two tasks required a greater demand of higher order cognitive skills resulting in significantly enhanced amplitudes centrally and the attenuation of alpha rhythm. Therefore, amplitudes are increased around the area of attention.
SUN-044 PLASMONIC FLUOR PROVIDES ULTRASENSITIVE DETECTION OF KIDNEY INJURY BIOMARKERS ON ANTIBODY SANDWICH MICROARRAYS (2020)

Detection and quantification of low abundant biomarkers within biological fluids is important but remains extremely challenging in biomedical research as well as clinical diagnostics. Here, we designed and synthesized an ultrabright fluorescent nanoconstruct, termed “plasmonic-fluor”, as an “add-on” label to dramatically improve the signal-to-noise ratio of a wide variety of fluorescence bioassays without altering or complicating the conventional assay workflow or read-out devices. Plasmonic-fluor is highly tunable over the entire visible and near infrared spectrum and up to 6500 times brighter than the conventional fluorophores.
Unstable resonator with canceling edge waves: asymptotic analysis (1983)

The asymptotic analysis of the diffraction integral equation for an unstable optical resonator is extended to include a mirror with an internal surface discontinuity. The treatment is then applied to an unstable resonator with canceling edge waves, and the result obtained compares favorably with the predictions of a numerical-propagation code. Also, other applications of the approach taken here are suggested.
Big data analysis of irregular operations: Aborted approaches and their underlying factors (2013)

Procedures such as Missed Approaches and Holding Patterns are designed into Air Traffic Control procedures to provide a safe manner for flights to temporarily exit the airspace or the traffic flow when irregular operations occur. These procedures serve as “pressure release valves” and in this way are symptoms of the occurrence of infrequent phenomena that impact efficiency and safety margins. The occurrence of these procedures is not currently tracked by airlines or Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) due to the inability to identify these situations using the existing time-stamped event data (i.e. OOOI data) that is the basis for NAS performance analysis today. This paper describes a Big Data analysis of surveillance track data to establish the frequency of occurrence of Aborted Approaches, and an analysis of voluntary pilot/air traffic controller reports to establish factors leading to Aborted Approaches. Aborted Approaches include a Go Around for a Missed Approach as well as a turn off the final approach segment prior to the Missed Approach Point (MAP). Analysis of 21 days of surveillance track data for approaches at ORD identified a 7.4 in 1000 frequency of approaches resulting in an Aborted Approach. Daily Aborted Approaches ranged from 0 per day to 21 per 1000 approaches per day. Eighty percent of the Aborted Approaches involved a turn off the final approach segment prior to the MAP. An analysis of 467 voluntary pilot/air traffic controller reports from all U.S. airports identified factors leading to aborted approaches: (1) 48% airplane issues (e.g. onboard failure, unstable approach), (2) 27% traffic separation issues, (3) 16% weather (e.g. ceiling, visibility, crosswind), (4) 5% runway issues, and (5) 4% flightcrew-ATC interaction issues. These results suggest mitigation strategies to reduce the high variance in daily occurrences through procedure modification, training and equipment design.
Analysis of Xyloglucan Fucosylation in Arabidopsis (2003)

Xyloglucan (XyG) is a load-bearing primary wall component in dicotyledonous and non-graminaceous monocotyledonous plants. XyG fucosyltransferase (FUTase), encoded by the Arabidopsis gene AtFUT1, directs addition of fucose (Fuc) residues to terminal galactose residues on XyG side chains. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analysis of promoter-beta-glucuronidase transgenic plants indicated highest expression of AtFUT1 in the upper portion of elongating inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis. XyG FUTase activity was highest in Golgi vesicles prepared from growing Arabidopsis tissues and low in those isolated from mature tissues. There was no discernible correlation between the Fuc contents of XyG oligosaccharides derived from different Arabidopsis organs and the level of AtFUT1 expression in the organs. Thus, organ-specific variations in AtFUT1 expression and enzyme activity probably reflect differential rates of cell wall biosynthesis, rather than differences in levels of XyG fucosylation. The effects of manipulating AtFUT1 expression were examined using an Arabidopsis mutant (atfut1) containing a T-DNA insertion in the AtFUT1 locus and transgenic plants with strong constitutive expression of AtFUT1. No Fuc was detected in XyG derived from leaves or roots of atfut1. Plants overexpressing AtFUT1 had higher XyG FUTase activity than wild-type plants, but the XyG oligosaccharides derived from the transgenic and wild-type plants contained comparable amounts of Fuc, indicating that suitable acceptor substrates are limiting. Galactosyl residues had slightly higher levels of O-acetylation in XyG from plants that overexpressed AtFUT1 than in XyG from wild-type plants. O-Acetylation of galactose residues was considerably reduced in Fuc-deficient mutants (atfut1, mur1, and mur2) that synthesize XyG containing little or no Fuc. These results suggest that fucosylated XyG is a suitable substrate for at least one O-acetyltransferase in Arabidopsis.
Development of Anticandidal Delivery Systems: (II) Mucoadhesive Devices for Prolonged Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity (1996)

Conventional dosage forms designed for drug delivery in the oral cavity suffer from the disadvantage of an initial burst of activity followed by a rapid decrease in concentration to subtherapeutic levels. To counter this effect, two prolonged-release dosage forms were devised for the treatment of oral candidiasis. These devices were to contain the antifungals, chlorhexidine and clotrimazole, for therapy against Candida albicans, and also benzocaine and hydrocortisone to combat the pain and inflammation secondaly to a candidal infection. Release studies demonstrated that only chlorhexidine and clotrimazole could be delivered in a controlled manner from the mucoadhesive patches. On the other hand, release of all four drugs could be controlled from the mucoadhesive tablets, with optimum release of the drugs in 24 hr achieved using sodium carboxymethylcellulose and polyethylene oxide (85:15) combination tablets.
Switchable Antimicrobial and Antifouling Hydrogels with Enhanced Mechanical Properties (2013)

New switchable hydrogels are developed. Under acidic conditions, hydrogels undergo self-cyclization and can catch and kill bacteria. Under neutral/basic conditions, hydrogels undergo ring-opening and can release killed bacterial cells and resist protein adsorption and bacterial attachment. Smart hydrogels also show a dramatically improved mechanical property, which is highly desired for biomedical applications.
Positioning Data-Rate Trade-Off in mm-Wave Small Cells and Service Differentiation for 5G Networks (2018)

We analyze a millimeter wave network, deployed along the streets of a city, in terms of positioning and downlink data-rate performance, respectively. First, we present a transmission scheme where the base stations provide jointly positioning and data-communication functionalities. Accordingly, we study the trade- off between the localization and the data rate performance based on theoretical bounds. Then, we obtain an upper bound on the probability of beam misalignment based on the derived localization error bound. Finally, we prescribe the network operator a scheme to select the beamwidth and the power splitting factor between the localization and communication functions to address different quality of service requirements, while limiting cellular outage.