gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Computational Model of the Hybrid Bio-Machine MPMS for Ratbots Navigation (2014)

As a typical cyborg intelligent system, ratbots possess not only their own biological brain but machine visual sensation, memory, and computation. Electrodes implanted in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) connect the rat's biological brain with the computer, which presents a hybrid bio-machine parallel memory system in the ratbot. For the novel multiple parallel memory system (MPMS) with real-time MFB stimuli, a computational model is proposed to explain the learning and memory processes underlying the enhanced performance of the ratbots in maze navigation tasks. It's shown that the proposed computational model can predict the finish trial number of the maze learning task, which matches well with behavioral experiments. This work will be helpful to understand the memory and learning mechanisms of cyborg intelligent systems and has the potential significance of optimizing the cognitive performance of these systems as well.
Holistic Automated Workflows for Reservoir and Production Optimization (2010)

Abstract The optimization process in the oil industry requires a number of technical applications as well as significant manpower, expertise, and skills to develop robust reservoir and production engineering workflows. Several studies have reported that up to 70% of an engineer&apos;s time is spent in gathering, formatting, translating, and parsing data among applications. Often, engineers are focused on isolated problems and deliver results that are optimized for that element of study. The optimization process frequently involves time-consuming iterations of input variables building output profiles, from which engineers will choose the optimum result. This optimized output data is then taken to the next step in the chain to optimize the subsequent study. These intermittent optimization choices may not deliver suitable input parameters on suboptimal output of the subsequent analyses. Because these sensitivities magnify through the optimization processes, ultimate recovery profiles and field economics are often suboptimal. Even with today&apos;s highly integrated databases and enhanced computing power, the traditional working processes will deliver suboptimal outputs. This paper discusses new toolkits that can model a full chain of application driven data manipulations to assess the ultimate economic effect of engineering decisions such that the best system-wide (holistic) choices can be exploited; the whole of the system is more than the sum of its parts. The holistically optimum result produces the practical natural optimum of the actual operational process. We will demonstrate how holistic optimization processes can greatly enhance workflows for production and reservoir management, fracture design, water conformance, and field development planning.
Intelligent Interface For Remote Supervision And Control Of Underwater Manipulation (1983)

Underwater manipulation continues to pose challenges to both robotics and computer technologies. With recent advances in sensor and artificial intelligence technologies, "intelligent" robotics presents a novel and effective solution to coping with problems typically encountered in underwater manipulation tasks. To date, a number of manipulation systems with computer-based self-monitoring and planning capabilities have been demonstrated. While the principal contribution of these systems is to replace, augment, aid or improve operator performance in underwater tasks, overall system performance still depends on the effectiveness of the combination between the robotic system and the human counterpart. To this end, an "intelligent" interface ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I^{2}</tex> ) is proposed as a means to dynamically manage information, allocate tasks, and actively mediate between the operator and the robotic manipulator in a manner that optimizes their joint performance. The potential efficacy of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I^{2}</tex> is discussed in relation to specific aspects of remote supervision in underwater manipulation tasks (e.g., effective data portrayal, plan communication, contingency handling, and task monitoring). An example of a link between AI and a mechanical underwater manipulator is shown via a prototype system, Task-Oriented Supervision Command System (TOSC). TOSC is a procedural net-based supervisory planning system that provides interactive programming of manipulation tasks in a high-level command language. A series of experimental studies were performed to evaluate TOSC features on a remotely-controlled six degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic manipulator system with an integrated control and display console. Laboratory evaluation of underwater manipulation and maintenance tasks at various levels of task complexity and manipulation difficulty was conducted. The results showed TOSC to be a highly effective and well accepted aid that both improved performance and reduced errors, especially in complex manipulation tasks under uncertain environmental conditions.
Patterned Live Neural Networks by Induced Electrical Fields for Bio-Sensing (2003)

It is estimated that about 18 million people worldwide suffer from dementia and it is projected to increase to about 35 million by the year 2025. All types of dementia occur due to an aberration in memory retention and development, caused by malfunctioning neurons. Experimental investigation of the dynamics of biological networks is a fundamental step towards understanding how the nervous system works. Activity-dependant modification of synaptic strength is widely recognized as cellular basis of learning, memory and developmental plasticity. Understanding memory formation and development, thus translates to changes in the electrical activity of the neurons. It is not possible to achieve this understanding at a cellular level by in vivo studies. To map the changes in the electrical activity it is essential to conduct in-vitro studies on individual neurons. Hence there is an enormous need to develop novel ways for assembly of highly controlled neuronal networks. To this end, we used a 5 × 5 multiple microel...
Automated Model Selection for Time-Series Anomaly Detection (2020)

Time-series anomaly detection is a popular topic in both academia and industrial fields. Many companies need to monitor thousands of temporal signals for their applications and services and require instant feedback and alerts for potential incidents in time. The task is challenging because of the complex characteristics of time-series, which are messy, stochastic, and often without proper labels. This prohibits training supervised models because of lack of labels and a single model hardly fits different time series. In this paper, we propose a solution to address these issues. We present an automated model selection framework to automatically find the most suitable detection model with proper parameters for the incoming data. The model selection layer is extensible as it can be updated without too much effort when a new detector is available to the service. Finally, we incorporate a customized tuning algorithm to flexibly filter anomalies to meet customers' criteria. Experiments on real-world datasets show the effectiveness of our solution.
Fluctuation of Endogenous Gibberellin Levels in the Early Development of Rice (1995)

The endogenous gibberellins (GAs) of rice were analyzed during seed germination and during the regeneration of plant lets from embryogenic cells. Four 13-hydroxylated (13-OH) GAs (GA53, GA19, GA20, and GA1) were identified by combined gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) from the seeds at every stage of germination examined. A significant increase in their level was observed at the time shoot elongation started. No GA was detected in the embryogenic cells before transferring into a regeneration medium, while the occurrence of 13-OH GAs was confirmed by full-scan GC-MS or GC-SIM during the regeneration of plantlets. These results indicate that the early-13-hydroxylation pathway of GA biosynthesis operated during embryo development and seed germination.
Synthesis of Cucurbit [ n ] uril-based Rotaxanes (2003)

Non-covalent attractive forces are commonly employed in biological systems to drive the assembly of highly orga nized supramolecular entities from relatively simple subunits.……
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City (2020)

related to COVID-19.
Empirical Analysis of Locality, Heritability and Heuristic Bias in Evolutionary Algorithms: A Case Study for the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (2005)

Our main aim is to provide guidelines and practical help for the design of appropriate representations and operators for evolutionary algorithms (EAs). For this purpose, we propose techniques to obtain a better understanding of various effects in the interplay of the representation and the operators. We study six different representations and associated variation operators in the context of a steady-state evolutionary algorithm for the multidimensional knapsack problem. Four of them are indirect decoder-based techniques, and two are direct encodings combined with different initialization, repair, and local improvement strategies. The complex decoders and the local improvement and repair strategies make it practically impossible to completely analyze such EAs in a fully theoretical way. After comparing the general performance of the chosen EA variants for the multidimensional knapsack problem on two benchmark suites, we present a hands-on approach for empirically analyzing important aspects of initialization, mutation, and crossover in an isolated fashion. Static, inexpensive measurements based on randomly created solutions are performed in order to quantify and visualize specific properties with respect to heuristic bias, locality, and heritability. These tests shed light onto the complex behavior of such EAs and point out reasons for good or bad performance. In addition, the proposed measures are also examined during actual EA runs, which gives further insight into dynamic aspects of evolutionary search and verifies the validity of the isolated static measurements. All measurements are described in a general way, allowing for an easy adaption to other representations and problems.
An Effective Domain Adaptive Post-Training Method for BERT in Response Selection (2020)

We focus on multi-turn response selection in a retrieval-based dialog system. In this paper, we utilize the powerful pre-trained language model Bi-directional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) for a multi-turn dialog system and propose a highly effective post-training method on domain-specific corpus. Although BERT is easily adopted to various NLP tasks and outperforms previous baselines of each task, it still has limitations if a task corpus is too focused on a certain domain. Post-training on domain-specific corpus (e.g., Ubuntu Corpus) helps the model to train contextualized representations and words that do not appear in general corpus (e.g., English Wikipedia). Experimental results show that our approach achieves new state-of-the-art on two response selection benchmarks (i.e., Ubuntu Corpus V1, Advising Corpus) performance improvement by 5.9% and 6% on R@1.
High-resolution OCT balloon imaging catheter with astigmatism correction (2009)

We report new optics designs for an optical coherence tomography (OCT) balloon imaging catheter to achieve diffraction-limited high resolution at a large working distance and enable the correction of severe astigmatism in the catheter. The designs employed a 1 mm diameter gradient-index lens of a properly chosen pitch number and a glass rod spacer to fully utilize the available NA of the miniature optics. Astigmatism caused by the balloon tubing was analyzed, and a method based on a cylindrical reflector was proposed and demonstrated to compensate the astigmatism. A catheter based on the new designs was successfully developed with a measured diffraction-limited lateral resolution of approximately 21 microm, a working distance of approximately 11-12 mm, and a round-shape beam profile. The performance of the OCT balloon catheter was demonstrated by 3D full-circumferential imaging of a swine esophagus in vivo along with a high-speed, Fourier-domain, mode-locked swept-source OCT system.
Preparation and Properties of Nanostructure Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> Monoliths Using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Template Solvents (2005)

Nanostructure anatase titanium oxide (TiO2) monoliths were prepared using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM+BF4-) room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as template solvents by a simple sol−gel method with a peptization process at ambient temperature. The as-prepared products exhibited wormlike pore structures and large surface areas, which ranged from ca. 118 to ca. 498 m2 g-1 by adding various amounts of BMIM+BF4-. Mesoporous structures of the product with a surface area of ca. 260 m2 g-1 were retained upon calcining to 450 °C, showing excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, the products revealed higher photocatalytic activities than that of the commercially available TiO2, Degussa P25. Compared with the rutile TiO2 crystal of microporous structure prepared without RTIL, it was thought that BMIM+BF4- acted as a structure-directing agent and enhanced the polycondensation and crystallization rate, resulting in the facile formation of anatase crystal. The nanostructure TiO2 has promising applications in photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, sensor, mesoporous membranes, etc.
Extracellular histone release in response to traumatic injury (2012)

Prognostic study, level III.
Effects of neutral sodium hydrogen phosphate on setting reaction and mechanical strength of hydroxyapatite putty (1999)

The setting reaction and mechanical strength in terms of diametral tensile strength (DTS) of hydroxyapatite (HAP) putty made of tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, and neutral sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na1.8H1.2PO4) solution containing 8 wt % sodium alginate were evaluated as a function of the Na1.8H1.2PO4 concentration. In one condition, HAP putty was placed in an incubator kept at 37 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. In the other condition, immediately after mixing HAP putty was immersed in serum kept at 37 degrees C. Longer setting times and lower DTS values were observed when HAP putty was immersed in serum regardless of the Na1.8H1.2PO4 concentration. The setting times of the HAP putty in both conditions became shorter with an increase in the Na1. 8H1.2PO4 concentration, reaching approximately 7-13 min when the Na1. 8H1.2PO4 concentration was 0.6 mol/L or higher. The DTS value of HAP putty was relatively constant (10 MPa) regardless of the Na1.8H1. 2PO4 concentration (0.2-1.0 mol/L) when HAP putty was kept in an incubator. In contrast, when HAP putty was immersed in serum, the DTS value was dependent on the Na1.8H1.2PO4 concentration. It increased with the Na1.8H1.2PO4 concentration and reached approximately 5 MPa when the Na1.8H1.2PO4 concentration was 0.6 mol/L, after which it showed a relatively constant DTS value. We therefore would recommend a HAP putty that uses 0.6 mol/L Na1.8H1. 2PO4 since at that concentration the putty's setting time (approximately 10 min) is proper for clinical use and it shows good DTS value (approximately 5 MPa) even when it is immersed in serum immediately after mixing.
Thoracic injuries in U.S. combat casualties: A review of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (2012)

Ivey, Katherine M. MD; White, Christopher E. MD, FACS; Wallum, Timothy E. MS; Cannon, Jeremy W. MD, FACS; Chung, Kevin K. MD, FACP; McNeil, Jeffrey D. MD; Cohn, Stephen M. MD, FACS; Blackbourne, Lorne H. MD, FACS Author Information
COSMIC (the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer): a resource to investigate acquired mutations in human cancer (2009)

The catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/) is the largest public resource for information on somatically acquired mutations in human cancer and is available freely without restrictions. Currently (v43, August 2009), COSMIC contains details of 1.5-million experiments performed through 13,423 genes in almost 370,000 tumours, describing over 90,000 individual mutations. Data are gathered from two sources, publications in the scientific literature, (v43 contains 7797 curated articles) and the full output of the genome-wide screens from the Cancer Genome Project (CGP) at the Sanger Institute, UK. Most of the world's literature on point mutations in human cancer has now been curated into COSMIC and while this is continually updated, a greater emphasis on curating fusion gene mutations is driving the expansion of this information; over 2700 fusion gene mutations are now described. Whole-genome sequencing screens are now identifying large numbers of genomic rearrangements in cancer and COSMIC is now displaying details of these analyses also. Examination of COSMIC's data is primarily web-driven, focused on providing mutation range and frequency statistics based upon a choice of gene and/or cancer phenotype. Graphical views provide easily interpretable summaries of large quantities of data, and export functions can provide precise details of user-selected data.
Resolution analysis in full waveform inversion (2011)

We propose a new method for the quantitative resolution analysis in full seismic waveform inversion that overcomes the limitations of classical synthetic inversions while being computationally more efficient and applicable to any misfit measure. The method rests on (1) the local quadratic approximation of the misfit functional in the vicinity of an optimal earth model, (2) the parametrization of the Hessian in terms of a parent function and its successive derivatives and (3) the computation of the space-dependent parameters via Fourier transforms of the Hessian, calculated with the help of adjoint techniques. In the simplest case of a Gaussian approximation, we can infer rigorously defined 3-D distributions of direction-dependent resolution lengths and the image distortion introduced by the tomographic method. We illustrate these concepts with a realistic full waveform inversion for upper-mantle structure beneath Europe. As a corollary to the method for resolution analysis, we propose several improvements to full waveform inversion techniques. These include a pre-conditioner for optimization schemes of the conjugate-gradient type, a new family of Newton-like methods, an approach to adaptive parametrization independent from ray theory and a strategy for objective functional design that aims at maximizing resolution. The computational requirements of our approach are less than for a typical synthetic inversion, but yield a much more complete picture of resolution and trade-offs. While the examples presented in this paper are rather specific, the underlying idea is very general. It allows for problem-dependent variations of the theme and for adaptations to exploration scenarios and other wave-equation-based tomography techniques that employ, for instance, georadar or microwave data
3D Perception and Environment Map Generation for Humanoid Robot Navigation (2008)

A humanoid robot that can go up and down stairs, crawl underneath obstacles or simply walk around requires reliable perceptual capabilities for obtaining accurate and useful information about its surroundings. In this work we present a system for generating three-dimensional (3D) environment maps from data taken by stereo vision. At the core is a method for precise segmentation of range data into planar segments based on the algorithm of scan-line grouping extended to cope with the noise dynamics of stereo vision. In off-line experiments we demonstrate that our extensions achieve a more precise segmentation. When compared to a previously developed patch-let method, we obtain a richer segmentation with a higher accuracy while also requiring far less computations. From the obtained segmentation we then build a 3D environment map using occupancy grid and floor height maps. The resulting representation classifies areas into one of six different types while also providing object height information. We apply our perception method for the navigation of the humanoid robot QRIO and present experiments of the robot stepping through narrow space, walking up and down stairs and crawling underneath a table.
Accelerating eye movement research via accurate and affordable smartphone eye tracking (2020)

Eye tracking has been widely used for decades in vision research, language and usability. However, most prior research has focused on large desktop displays using specialized eye trackers that are expensive and cannot scale. Little is known about eye movement behavior on phones, despite their pervasiveness and large amount of time spent. We leverage machine learning to demonstrate accurate smartphone-based eye tracking without any additional hardware. We show that the accuracy of our method is comparable to state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers that are 100x more expensive. Using data from over 100 opted-in users, we replicate key findings from previous eye movement research on oculomotor tasks and saliency analyses during natural image viewing. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of smartphone-based gaze for detecting reading comprehension difficulty. Our results show the potential for scaling eye movement research by orders-of-magnitude to thousands of participants (with explicit consent), enabling advances in vision research, accessibility and healthcare.
Improvement in transient response of fast P control DC-DC converter with static model (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to propose the digital control method that is comprised of the fast P control and model control for an improvement of the transient response of the dc-dc converter. The electronic devices are required the operation in the standby mode and the quick return to the active mode. The fast transient response of the dc-dc converter in such condition is important. In this paper, the fast P control is combined with the model control. Therefore, the transient response in such situation is improved because the operating point is optimized according to the load current. From the results, in the case of the load step from DCM to CCM, the undershoot and the convergence time are improved by about 80%.
Engineering the luxCDABE genes from Photorhabdus luminescens to provide a bioluminescent reporter for constitutive and promoter probe plasmids and mini-Tn5 constructs (1998)

The luxCDABE operon of Photorhabdus luminescens has been cloned and engineered as an easily mobilisable cassette flanked by sites for commonly used restriction enzymes. Constitutive and promoter probe plasmids utilising the P. luminescens luxCDABE have been constructed using a number of compatible replicons and antibiotic markers. Complementary to these plasmids, a range of promoterless and constitutive luxCDABE mini-Tn5 derivatives has been constructed. The potential of coupling mini-Tn5 luxCDABE promoter probe transposons with automated luminometry and photometry to screen for mutants that exhibit growth phase variation in gene expression is demonstrated.