gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma-assisted heterogeneous catalysis for NOx reduction in lean-burn engine exhaust (1997)

Abstract : Recent developments in catalytic control of NOx are revealing the significance of NO2 as an intermediary for achieving higher NOx removal efficiencies. This paper discusses the combination of the plasma with a catalyst to improve the selective reduction of NOx under lean-burn conditions. It is shown that the main effect of the plasma is to enhance the gas-phase oxidation of NO to NO2. The reduction of NOx to N2 is then accomplished by the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with activated hydrocarbons on the catalyst surface. By using a plasma, one can take advantage of a new class of catalysts that are potentially more durable, more active, more selective and more sulfur-tolerant compared to conventional lean-NOx catalysts. The plasma-assisted catalytic reduction process can be implemented with any type of plasma reactor and does not require a specific type of electrical power supply. It can also easily accommodate any type of catalyst support structure.
Predicting vehicular travel times by modeling heterogeneous influences\n between arterial roads (2017)

Predicting travel times of vehicles in urban settings is a useful and\ntangible quantity of interest in the context of intelligent transportation\nsystems. We address the problem of travel time prediction in arterial roads\nusing data sampled from probe vehicles. There is only a limited literature on\nmethods using data input from probe vehicles. The spatio-temporal dependencies\ncaptured by existing data driven approaches are either too detailed or very\nsimplistic. We strike a balance of the existing data driven approaches to\naccount for varying degrees of influence a given road may experience from its\nneighbors, while controlling the number of parameters to be learnt.\nSpecifically, we use a NoisyOR conditional probability distribution (CPD) in\nconjunction with a dynamic bayesian network (DBN) to model state transitions of\nvarious roads. We propose an efficient algorithm to learn model parameters. We\npropose an algorithm for predicting travel times on trips of arbitrary\ndurations. Using synthetic and real world data traces we demonstrate the\nsuperior performance of the proposed method under different traffic conditions.\n
Gooey interfaces (2004)

With the acceleration of technological development we are reaching the point where our systems and their user interfaces become to some degree outdated 'legacy systems' as soon as they are released. This raises the question of how can we maintain, extend, override, and adapt these systems while preserving what people depend on in them? In this paper we describe an approach for dynamically restructuring user interfaces into a set of communicating processes that 1) provide methods for changing their appearance, behavior, and state; and 2) report their proposed state changes so that other processes may override their actions in updating themselves to a new state. We do this for both new and wrapped legacy user interface components, thereby allowing us to repurpose user interfaces for our evolving needs. We describe how this approach has been successfully used in rapidly creating and deploying interfaces that repurpose content for new appearances and behaviors.
Process Modeling Results of Bio-Syntrolysis: Converting Biomass to Liquid Fuel with High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (2010)

A new process called Bio-Syntrolysis is being researched at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) investigating syngas production from renewable biomass that is assisted with high temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE). The INL is the world leader in researching HTSE and has recently produced hydrogen from high temperature solid oxide cells running in the electrolysis mode setting several world records along the way. A high temperature (~800°C) heat source is necessary to heat the steam as it goes into the electrolytic cells. Biomass provides the heat source and the carbon source for this process. Syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, can be used for the production of synthetic liquid fuels via Fischer-Tropsch processes. This concept, coupled with fossil-free electricity, provides a possible path to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and increased energy independence, without the major infrastructure shift that would be required for a purely hydrogen-based transportation system. Furthermore, since the carbon source is obtained from recyclable biomass, the entire concept is carbon-neutral
Separation of particles by size from a suspension using the motion of a confined bubble (2018)

When confined in a liquid-filled circular cylinder, a long air bubble moves slightly faster than the bulk liquid as a small fraction of the liquid leaks through a very thin annular gap between the bubble and the internal wall of the cylinder. At low velocities, the thickness of this lubricating film formed around the bubble is set only by the liquid properties and the translational speed of the bubble and thus can be tuned in a simple fashion. Here, we use this setting to filter, based on size, micron-size particles that are originally dispersed in a suspension. Furthermore, we apply this process for separation of particles from a polydisperse solution. The bubble interface is free of particles initially, and particles of different sizes can enter the liquid film region. Particle separation occurs when the thickness of the lubricating liquid film falls between the diameters of the two different particles. While large particles will be collected at the bubble surface, smaller particles can leak through the thin film and reach the fluid region behind the bubble. As a result, the film thickness can be fine-tuned by simply adjusting the speed of a translating confined bubble, so as to achieve separation of particles by size based on the relative particle diameter compared to the film thickness.
Mid-infrared (λ≈7.4 μm) quantum cascade laser amplifier for high power single-mode emission and improved beam quality (2002)

A quantum cascade laser amplifier has been developed. It was used to obtain high power single-mode emission at λ≈7.4 μm from a quantum cascade distributed feedback laser, together with enhanced beam quality. Laser and amplifier are directly coupled in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration. Peak optical powers of 0.5 W at 80 K have been obtained. Ninety percent of the total power is thereby emitted within a divergence of 20° in the lateral direction. The device showed single mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of 30 dB in the temperature range from 10 to 280 K. This allowed tuning of the emission wavelength in the range from 7.36 to 7.46 μm. The estimated peak amplifier gain is 6.4 and 4.9 dB at 80 and 300 K, respectively, and the cavity losses are 12.5 and 22 cm−1 at the corresponding temperatures.
Venom Coagglutinin and Lyophilized Platelets for Assay of Plasma Von Willebrand Factor: Comparison With Ristocetin (1979)

A new procedure for assay of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF), employing venom coagglutinin, a recently discovered “activator” of vWF, and lyophilized human or animal platelets has been developed (Brinkhous, K.M., Potter, J.Y., Read, M.S., Fed. Proc. 38, 1979). Comparison was made of vWF levels as assayed by ristocetin (0.6 mg/ml) and venom coagglutinin (1.25 u/ml) with fixed and lyophilized human and canine platelets. A unit of venom coagglutinin is that amount which causes 4+ aggregation of a standard canine platelet-plasma mixture in 15 sec. The vWF values of 20 normal subjects fell in the range of 80-125% and for subjects from vWD kindreds the range was <5-60%. There were no significant differences in vWF levels with either the ristocetin or venom coagglutinin assay. The latter assay has two advantages: no false positive results due to protein precipitation and animal platelets can be used.
Quantum Key Distribution Using the Trine Ensemble (2003)

Mutually unbiased bases have been extensively studied in the literature and are simple and effective in quantum key distribution protocols, but they are not optimal. Here equiangular spherical codes are introduced as a more efficient and robust resource for key distribution. Such codes are sets of states that are as evenly spaced throughout the vector space as possible. In the case of qubits, the two parties can make use of three equally-spaced states, called a trine, to outperform the original four-state BB84 protocol in both speed and reliability. This points toward the optimality of spherical codes in arbitrary dimensions.
Pathogenicity of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines Isolates on Soybean and Green Bean Plants (1999)

Green bean plants were grown in a greenhouse in soil removed from a soybean field in 1996 that had a high incidence of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS). Over a period of 4 weeks, isolations were made from taproot tissue of green bean plants to recover Fusarium isolates. Ten isolates of Fusarium solani were recovered and used to inoculate soybean and green bean plants in the greenhouse. These 10 isolates caused typical SDS symptoms on the soybean plants and caused a root and crown rot on green bean plants. The green bean plants did not develop typical symptoms associated with soybean SDS but, rather, leaves on infected plants showed yellowing and necrosis. Molecular data indicated that these 10 isolates were identical to Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines that cause soybean sudden death syndrome. All isolates were re-isolated from greenhouse-inoculated soybean and green bean plants.

Zusammenfassung

Pathogenitat von Isolaten des Pilzes Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines fur Sojabohnen und Gartenbohnen



Im Gewachshaus wurden Gartenbohnen in einem Boden kultiviert, der 1996 aus einem Sojabohnenfeld entnommen worden war, einem Jahr mit starkem Auftreten des Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS, plotzliches Absterben der Sojabohne). Uber einen Zeitraum von 4 Wochen wurden Fusarium-Isolate aus den Hauptwurzeln der Gartenbohnen isoliert. Dabei wurden zehn Isolate von Fusarium solani gewonnen und zur Inokulation von Soja- und Gartenbohnen im Gewachshaus verwendet. Die zehn Isolate riefen bei den Sojabohnen typische SDS-Symptome hervor, bei den Gartenbohnen eine Faule der Wurzeln und oberirdischen Pflanzenteile. Die Gartenbohnen wiesen keine typischen SDS-Symptome auf, ihre Blatter zeigten jedoch Vergilbungen und Nekrosen. Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen ergaben, das es sich bei den zehn Isolaten um Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines handelte, den Erreger des Soybean sudden death syndrome. Alle Isolate wurden aus den im Gewachshaus inokulierten Soja- und Gartenbohnen reisoliert.
Physiomarkers of Neonatal Heart Rate: In Reply (2006)

In Reply.—We thank Dr El-Khatib for his insights into our analysis of abnormal heart rate characteristics (HRC) before clinical signs of neonatal sepsis. We have, indeed, found that an entropy measure alone has predictive information in this important clinical setting, and we refer him to our earlier work.1 We stop short, however, of agreeing that entropy alone provides either an adequate or even a simplified estimate of risk or that entropy in this setting is a measure of regularity.First, our multivariate models uniformly have higher predictive accuracy than models that use only the components of SD, sample entropy, or sample asymmetry. In our view, the importance of early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis easily justifies the use of more than one measure.Second, using only an entropy measure does not really simplify the calculations very much; it is by far the most complex and time consuming computationally and itself requires calculation of another HRC component, the SD. The HRC index adds only sample asymmetry, which merely requires sorting, and a regression expression. The value of the regression is that it relates the calculated parameters to actual clinical cases of illness, making the HRC index a real-world test.Finally, sample entropy is helpful in diagnosing sepsis in the NICU because it detects the heart rate records with reduced variability and transient decelerations that indicate imminent illness. Surprisingly, this finding is not related to the conventional interpretation of entropy as a measure of regularity, order, or complexity but is an inevitable feature of all data sets with flat baselines punctuated by spikes.1 We note that sample entropy is a better measure than approximate entropy because it has less bias, especially in short data sets, and is more likely to maintain accurate hierarchies among data sets of differing order.2,3The complexity of the pathophysiology of sepsis defies simple diagnostic approaches. The predictive model that we described optimizes contributions from different HRC measures and gives us our best chance to date at the early diagnosis of late-onset neonatal sepsis.
Antifreeze glycoproteins inhibit leakage from liposomes during thermotropic phase transitions. (1996)

Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), found in the blood of polar fish at concentrations as high as 35 g/liter, are known to prevent ice crystal growth and depress the freezing temperature of the blood. Previously, Rubinsky et al. [Rubinsky, B., Mattioli, M., Arav, A., Barboni, B. & Fletcher, G. L. (1992) Am. J. Physiol. 262, R542-R545] provided evidence that AFGPs block ion fluxes across membranes during cooling, an effect that they ascribed to interactions with ion channels. We investigated the effects of AFGPs on the leakage of a trapped marker from liposomes during chilling. As these liposomes are cooled through the transition temperature, they leak approximately 50% of their contents. Addition of less than 1 mg/ml of AFGP prevents up to 100% of this leakage, both during chilling and warming through the phase transition. This is a general effect that we show here applies to liposomes composed of phospholipids with transition temperatures ranging from 12 degrees C to 41 degrees C. Because these results were obtained with liposomes composed of phospholipids alone, we conclude that the stabilizing effects of AFGPs on intact cells during chilling reported by Rubinsky et al. may be due to a nonspecific effect on the lipid components of native membranes. There are other proteins that prevent leakage, but only under specialized conditions. For instance, antifreeze proteins, bovine serum albumin, and ovomucoid all either have no effect or actually induce leakage. Following precipitation with acetone, all three proteins inhibited leakage, although not to the extent seen with AFGPs. Alternatively, there are proteins such as ovotransferrin that have no effect on leakage, either before or after acetone precipitation.
Proteome Profiling of Urinary Exosomes Identifies Alpha 1-Antitrypsin and H2B1K as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Urothelial Carcinoma (2016)

MALDI-TOF spectrometry has not been used for urinary exosome analysis. We used it for determining UC biomarkers. From 2012 to 2015, we enrolled 129 consecutive patients with UC and 62 participants without UC. Exosomes from their urine were isolated, and analyzed through MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of another 122 UC and 26 non-UC tissues was conducted to verify the discovered biomarkers. Two peaks at m/z 5593 (fragmented peptide of alpha-1-antitrypsin; sensitivity, 50.4%; specificity, 96.9%) and m/z 5947 (fragmented peptide of histone H2B1K sensitivity, 62.0%; specificity, 92.3%) were identified as UC diagnosis exosome biomarkers. UC patients with detectable histone H2B1K showed 2.29- and 3.11-fold increased risks of recurrence and progression, respectively, compared with those with nondetectable histone H2B1K. Verification results of IHC staining revealed significantly higher expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin (p = 0.038) and H2B1K (p = 0.005) in UC tissues than in normal tissues. The expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin and H2B1K in UC tissues was significantly correlated with UC grades (p < 0.05). Urinary exosome proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and histone H2B1K, which are identified through MALDI-TOF analysis, could facilitate rapid diagnosis and prognosis of UC.
An Absorption Detection Approach for Multiplexed Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Linear Photodiode Array (1999)

A novel absorption detection method for highly multiplexed capillary electrophoresis is presented for zone electrophoresis and for micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The approach involves the use of a linear photodiode array on which a capillary array is imaged by a camera lens. Either a tungsten lamp or a mercury lamp can be used as the light source such that all common wavelengths for absorption detection are accessible by simply interchanging narrow-band filters. Each capillary spans several diodes in the photodiode array for absorption measurements. Over 100 densely packed capillaries can be monitored by a single photodiode array element with 1024 diodes. The detection limit for rhodamine 6G for each capillary in the multiplexed array is ∼1.8 × 10(-)(8) M injected (S/N = 2). The cross-talk between adjacent capillaries is less than 0.2%. Simultaneous analysis of 96 samples is demonstrated.
Tuning of whispering gallery modes of polymeric micro-spheres and shells using external electric field (2010)

The electrostriction effect on the whispering gallery modes (WGM) of polymeric micro-spheres is investigated analytically and experimentally. Electrostriction is the elastic deformation (mechanical strain) of a dielectric material due the force exerted by an electric field. The elastic deformation also leads to mechanical stress which perturbs the refractive index of the sphere. Both if these effects (strain and stress) induce a shift in the WGM of the dielectric microsphere. We develop analytical expressions for the WGM shift due to electrostriction for solid and thin-walled micro-shells. The analytical results show that detection of electric fields < 1000 V/m is possible using water filled PDMS microshells. The electric field sensitivities for solid spheres, on the other hand, are significantly smaller. Results of experiments carried out using solid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spheres agree well with the analytical prediction. These results are encouraging for future development of WGM-based optical switches/filters as well as electric field sensors.
Semiautomatic segmentation and tracking of semantic video objects (1998)

This paper introduces a novel semantic video object extraction system using mathematical morphology and a perspective motion model. Inspired by the results from the study of the human visual system, we intend to solve the semantic video object extraction problem in two separate steps: supervised I-frame segmentation, and unsupervised P-frame tracking. First, the precise semantic video object boundary can be found using a combination of human assistance and a morphological segmentation tool. Second, the semantic video objects in the remaining frames are obtained using global perspective motion estimation and compensation of the previous semantic video object plus boundary refinement as used for I frames.
Single-/Multi-Band Bandpass Filters and Duplexers With Fully Reconfigurable Transfer-Function Characteristics (2019)

This paper reports on the RF design of fully reconfigurable quasi-elliptic-type single- and multi-band microwave bandpass filters (BPFs) and duplexers. They are based on series-cascaded resonators and multi-resonant/multi-band cells that produce frequency-reconfigurable poles and transmission zeros (TZs). By appropriately tuning the resonant frequencies of their constituent resonators, multiple levels of transfer-function adaptivity can be obtained. These capabilities include center-frequency and bandwidth tuning, as well as intrinsic RF switching-off (i.e., without the use of RF switches). As opposed to conventional BPF tuning mechanisms, the aforementioned reconfiguration characteristics avoid the use of tunable couplings. The basic operating principles of the engineered resonator-cascade BPF concept are presented through a three-pole/two-TZ example. Afterward, methods for expanding the proposed filter design approach to higher order, multi-band, and multi-port (e.g., duplexers) realizations are explained through coupling-matrix-based analysis. For practical-demonstration purposes, four L-band tunable microstrip prototypes were developed and measured. They include: 1) a five-pole/four-TZ BPF; 2) a five-pole/two-TZ BPF; 3) a dual-band BPF with two three-pole/two-TZ passbands; and 4) an RF duplexer.
Primary-secondary ventilated flow mixer nozzle for high bypass turbo fan jet propulsion system (1990)

First Page
Video post processing: low-latency spatiotemporal approach for detection and removal of rain (2012)

In this study, a novel, efficient and simple algorithm for detection and removal of rain from video using spatiotemporal properties is proposed. Advantageously, the spatiotemporal properties are involved to separate rain pixels from non-rain pixels. It is thus possible by way of the proposed algorithm to involve less number of consecutive frames, reducing the buffer size and delay. It works only on the intensity plane which further reduces the complexity and execution time significantly. This new algorithm does not assume the shape, size and velocity of raindrops which makes it robust to different rain conditions. Proposed method reduces the buffer size, which reduces the system cost, delay and power consumption. For performance evaluation, in addition to miss & false detection a new metric spatiotemporal variance is introduced. Results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other rain removal algorithms.
Two-Scale Topology Optimization with Microstructures (2017)

In this paper we present a novel two-scale framework to optimize the structure and the material distribution of an object given its functional specifications. Our approach utilizes multi-material microstructures as low-level building blocks of the object. We start by precomputing the material property gamut -- the set of bulk material properties that can be achieved with all material microstructures of a given size. We represent the boundary of this material property gamut using a level set field. Next, we propose an efficient and general topology optimization algorithm that simultaneously computes an optimal object topology and spatially-varying material properties constrained by the precomputed gamut. Finally, we map the optimal spatially-varying material properties onto the microstructures with the corresponding properties in order to generate a high-resolution printable structure. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework by designing, optimizing, and fabricating objects in different material property spaces on the level of a trillion voxels, i.e several orders of magnitude higher than what can be achieved with current systems.