gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient 10  cm long fiber laser (2015)

We investigate an innovative multipass-pumping technique in a short photonic crystal fiber laser. The technique is based on simple optical elements and shows, in a power oscillator configuration, highly efficient CW and Q-switched operation of an extremely short fiber laser. We report significantly higher absorption of the pump light, compared to a single-pass configuration, which results in an impressive fourfold increase in slope efficiency, up to 60%. Moreover, we show pulse energy of 1.22 mJ and pulse duration shorter than 12 ns, corresponding to a peak power of more than 100 kW.
Intrinsic optical properties of bacterial spores and cells (2003)

Detecting contamination of our food and sterilized surfaces (such as our medical supplies) is a significant public health problem. All living cells respire, producing metabolites, which have intrinsic fluorescence properties. These markers can be used for the detection of bacterial spores and cells in a variety of environments. Intrinsic fluorescence detection is highly sensitive, rapid, requires no sample contact, can differentiate between spores and viable cells. Using intrinsic fluorescence we are able to monitor microbial contamination of foods and sterilized surfaces.
Heterologous Expression and Rational Design of l-asparaginase from Rhizomucor miehei to Improve Thermostability (2021)

l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) hydrolyzes l-asparagine to produce l-aspartate and ammonia and is widely found in microorganisms, plants, and some rodent sera. l-asparaginase used for industrial production should have good thermostability. We heterologously expressed l-asparaginase from <i>Rhizomucor miehei</i>, selected nine loci for site-directed mutagenesis by rational design, and obtained two mutants with significantly improved thermostability. The optimal temperature of mutants S302I and S302M was 50 °C. After incubating the mutant and wild-type enzymes at 45 °C for 35 h, the residual activity of the wild-type enzyme (WT) was only about 10%. In contrast, the residual activity of S302I and S302M was more than 50%. After combination mutagenesis, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168-pMA5-A344E/S302I was constructed using the food-safe host strain <i>B. subtilis</i> 168. Additionally, a 5' untranslated region (UTR) modification strategy was adopted to enhance the expression level of <i>R. miehei</i>-derived l-asparaginase in <i>B. subtilis</i>. In a 5-L fermenter scale-up experiment, the enzyme activity of recombinant <i>B. subtilis</i> 168-pMA5-UTR-A344E/S302I reached 521.9 U·mL<sup>-1</sup> by fed-batch fermentation.
Expression, purification and characterization of a Kunitz‐type protease inhibitor domain from human amyloid precursor protein homolog (1994)

The Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domain from a recently identified homolog of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APPH KPI) was expressed in yeast, purified and characterized. Its inhibition profile towards several serine proteases was studied and compared to that of APP KPI, the Kunitz domain from the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. APPH KPI was shown to inhibit proteases with trypsin-like specificity with an inhibitor profile resembling that of the APP KPI domain. The KPI domains from APP and APPH inhibited trypsin (Ki = 0.02 nM), and plasma kallikrein (Ki = 86 nM) with approximal equal affinity. In comparison to APP KPI (Ki = 82 nM) the KPI domain of the homolog, APPH KPI, (Ki = 8.8 nM) was a more potent inhibitor of glandular kallikrein. APPH KPI was a less potent inhibitor of chymotrypsin than APP KPI (Ki = 78 nM as compared to Ki = 6 nM), plasmin (Ki = 81 nM as compared to 42 nM), and factor XIa (Ki = 14 nM as compared to Ki = 0.7 nM). The affinity of factor XIa for APPH KPI is sufficiently high to allow for an interaction in the blood. It is, however, well possible that the physiological protease ligand for the receptor-like APPH protein has yet to be identified.
A Pathogen-Specific Cargo Delivery Platform Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2017)

We present a synthetic approach to a highly pathogen-selective detection and delivery platform based on the interaction of an antibody nanovalve with a tetrasaccharide from the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Francisella tularensis bacteria, a Tier 1 Select Agent of bioterrorism. Different design considerations are explored, and proof-of-concept for highly pathogen-specific cargo release from mesoporous silica nanoparticles is demonstrated by comparisons of the release of a signal transducer and model drug by LPS from F. tularensis vs Pseudomonas aeruginosa and by F. tularensis live bacteria vs the closely related bacterium Francisella novocida. In addition to the specific response to a biowarfare agent, treatment of infectious diseases in general could benefit tremendously from a delivery platform that releases its antibiotic payload only at the site of infection and only in the presence of the target pathogen, thereby minimizing off-target toxicities.
Effect of processing variables on texture development in a mica‐based glass–ceramic (2002)

The purpose of this study was primarily to determine the feasibility of heat-pressing a mica-based glass-ceramic with the use of commercially available dental equipment, and secondly to evaluate the effect of various processing variables on the degree of crystal alignment in the pressed glass-ceramic. The hypotheses were that the mica-based glass-ceramic could be successfully heat-pressed and that some degree of crystal orientation would be obtained, depending on the processing variables. The glass composition was melted at 1400 degrees C for 2 h and cast into 12 x 60-mm rods. Ingots (10 x 12 mm) were cut from the glass rods, heat treated, and heat-pressed under various conditions. The microstructure of the pressed specimens was investigated by SEM and compared to that of heat-treated controls. The length of Vickers-induced cracks was measured on heat-pressed specimens and heat-treated controls. The results showed that mica-based glass-ceramics could be successfully pressed with the use of commercially available dental equipment. The resulting degree of crystal alignment (texture) along the direction of pressing varied between 35 +/- 6 and 79 +/- 6. There was a linear relationship between the degree of texture and the apparent aspect ratio of the mica platelets. A significant decrease in the length of the Vickers-induced cracks in the direction perpendicular to pressing was observed, associated with an increase in length in the direction of pressing.
The dc sputter coating of solar-selective surfaces onto tubes (1976)

A device for coating tubes using reactive or nonreactive dc sputtering is described. The coating of glass tubes with a solar selective surface consisting of a layer of metallic carbides on copper is used as an example. Uniformity of thickness and composition are demonstrated. The cylindrical design of the coating equipment and low manufacturing tolerances make this a low-cost system.
GANTRY STUDIES FOR THE PROPOSED HEAVY ION CANCER THERAPY FACILITY IN HEIDELBERG (2000)

The Heavy Ion Cancer Therapy Facility HICAT [1] proposed for the clinic in Heidelberg will contain three treatment rooms- one treatment room will be equipped with a fixed horizontal beam line and two treatment rooms will contain heavy ion gantries. In parallel to the design of the accelerator facility, the heavy ion gantries were subject of detailed studies at GSI during the last years. Different layouts of the gantry ion optical system and of the gantry structure have been compared. The mechanical stability during rotation was analyzed and the effects of deformations on the beam transport were studied. Finally, an integrated gantry concept was found which satisfies the requirements on beam position stability in the ISO center. The gantry quadrupole system must allow the generation of spot radii between 2 to 5 mm in the ISO-plane. This range of spot radii must be achievable at all rigidity levels and at all expected transverse emittance ratios up to ɛ x(y)/ɛ y(x) =1/5. Furthermore, the focusing properties should be independent from the gantry rotation angle (Fig. 1). 1
A Computationally Designed Water-Soluble Variant of a G-Protein-Coupled Receptor: The Human Mu Opioid Receptor (2013)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play essential roles in various physiological processes, and are widely targeted by pharmaceutical drugs. Despite their importance, studying GPCRs has been problematic due to difficulties in isolating large quantities of these membrane proteins in forms that retain their ligand binding capabilities. Creating water-soluble variants of GPCRs by mutating the exterior, transmembrane residues provides a potential method to overcome these difficulties. Here we present the first study involving the computational design, expression and characterization of water-soluble variant of a human GPCR, the human mu opioid receptor (MUR), which is involved in pain and addiction. An atomistic structure of the transmembrane domain was built using comparative (homology) modeling and known GPCR structures. This structure was highly similar to the subsequently determined structure of the murine receptor and was used to computationally design 53 mutations of exterior residues in the transmembrane region, yielding a variant intended to be soluble in aqueous media. The designed variant expressed in high yield in Escherichia coli and was water soluble. The variant shared structural and functionally related features with the native human MUR, including helical secondary structure and comparable affinity for the antagonist naltrexone (Kd = 65 nM). The roles of cholesterol and disulfide bonds on the stability of the receptor variant were also investigated. This study exemplifies the potential of the computational approach to produce water-soluble variants of GPCRs amenable for structural and functionally related characterization in aqueous solution.
Anthocyanin Production in Suspension Cultures of High-producing Cells of<i>Euphorbia millii</i> (1989)

Journal Article Anthocyanin Production in Suspension Cultures of High-producing Cells of Euphorbia millii Get access Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Yoshikazu Yamamoto Technical Center, Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., 19-17 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuhiro Kinoshita, Yasuhiro Kinoshita Technical Center, Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., 19-17 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Satomi Watanabe, Satomi Watanabe Technical Center, Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., 19-17 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuyuki Yamada Yasuyuki Yamada Research Center for Cell and Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 2, 1 February 1989, Pages 417–423, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869303 Published: 01 February 1989 Article history Received: 24 August 1988 Published: 01 February 1989
<title>Adaptive model for mixed binary image coding</title> (1993)

In recent facsimile application fields, mixed documents comprising characters and photographs have come to be generally treated. Following this trend, the `joint bi-level image group (JBIG)' of ISO/IEC/JTC1/SCWG9 and CCITT/SG VIII prepared an international standard for the encoding of binary images obtained by quantizing mixed documents into binary levels. This JBIG coding scheme consists of two parts: (1) the modeling part based on binary Markov model referring to 10 pixels surrounding a current pixel to be encoded and (2) the coding part based on an adaptive arithmetic compression coder. This paper presents an adaptive model for mixed binary images, which realizes higher compression efficiency than the typical Markov model of the JBIG scheme. We describe two significant characteristics, generalized model and area classification. The generalized model refers not only to neighboring pixels like the typical Markov model, but also to a predicted gray-level calculated pixel by pixel from previously scanned pixels near a current pixel. The area classification classifies mixed binary images including both characters and halftone images into two types of areas. In this adaptive model, the typical Markov model and the generalized model for halftone images are selected according to the types of the areas. As a result, the adaptive model reduces the values of Markov entropy of mixed binary images and realizes high compression efficiency.
Quantum interference devices made from superconducting oxide thin films (1987)

We have fabricated superconducting quantum interference devices (dc SQUID’s) from thin films of the superconducting oxide YBa2Cu3Oy. The devices were made by first lithographically patterning an ion implant mask containing a 40 by 40 μm loop and two 17-μm-wide weak links over a ∼1-μm-thick oxide film. Ion implantation was then used to destroy the superconductivity in the film surrounding the device without actually removing material, resulting in a completely planar structure for the SQUID’s. The SQUID’s were operated in the temperature range from 4.2 to 68 K. The superconducting flux quantum was measured to be h/2e in these materials.
Three-Dimensional Magnetometer Calibration With Small Space Coverage for Pedestrians (2014)

Magnetometers are sensors that can sense the earth magnetic field from which heading can be determined. Gyroscopes can provide the angular rate from which the heading can be calculated, they can be available in low cost and light weight. Nevertheless, the problem of using gyroscopes as a sole source of heading is that gyroscopes readings are drifting with time in addition to the accumulated errors due to mathematical integration operation. Magnetometer is available in low cost, it does not suffer from mathematical integration errors, and it can provide an absolute heading from magnetic north. Magnetometer readings are usually affected by magnetic fields, other than the earth's field, and by other error sources. Therefore, magnetometer calibration is required to use magnetometer as a reliable source of heading. In this paper, two techniques are proposed for fast automatic 3D-space magnetometer calibration requiring small space coverage. There is no user involvement during calibration and there are no required specific movements. The proposed techniques perform 3D-space magnetometer calibration by calibrating the three magnetometer readings in the device frame, which makes the magnetometer useful for determining heading in untethered devices, especially in pedestrian navigation, in which, portable navigation devices (such as smartphones) are always moving freely between the user's hands, belt, pocket, or placed on the ear during phone calls. The two proposed magnetometer calibration techniques are also capable of calibrating magnetometers in tethered devices, given that the platform to which the device is tethered is capable of performing 3D motion.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Compounds of 5‐Substituted 2‐(4‐Alkylphenyl)pyridines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Greedy Technique and Its Validation for Fusion of Two Segmentation Paradigms Leads to an Accurate Intima–Media Thickness Measure in Plaque Carotid Arterial Ultrasound (2010)

The intima–media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries is a reliable indicator of cardiovascular risk. IMT is usually manually measured on longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images. Many computer-based techniques for IMT measurement have been proposed to overcome the limits of manual segmentation. Most of these, however, require a certain degree of user interaction. We recently developed two automated techniques for segmentation of carotid arteries in ultrasound images and its intima–media thickness (IMT) measurement. The first technique was determined on the basis of local statistics and signal analysis (we named it CULEXsa, ie, Completely User-independent Layer EXtraction based on signal analysis). The second technique was determined on the basis of an integrated approach consisting of feature extraction, line fitting, and classification (or CALEXia, Completely Automated Layers EXtraction based on integrated approach). Both the techniques automatically traced the lumen—intima (LI) and the media—adventitia (MA) boundaries of the carotid wall. IMT was measured as the distance between LI and MA. We observed that CULEXsa offers better performance in the LI segmentation and CALEXia offers better performance in MA segmentation. The goal of this research was to estimate the IMT measurement by using a greedy approach by fusing CULEXsa and CALEXia segmentations, given the ground truth (manually traced by experts). Starting from the technique with the lower system error (CULEXsa for LI and CALEXia for MA), we iteratively swapped the vertices of the profiles until we minimized its overall distance with respect to manual boundary. The fusion boundary, consisting of points of CULEXsa and points of CALEXia, was the Greedy boundary. We used the polyline distance as a metric for both performance evaluation and error minimization. We ran the segmentation protocol over the database of 200 carotid longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images and compared the performance of all the three techniques. The mean error of the greedy technique yielded 0.42 ± 0.89 pixel (26.3 ± 55.6 μm) for the LI boundary (a 12.5 ± 5.6% improvement over CULEXsa) and 0.26 ± 0.56 pixel (16.2 ± 31.3 μm) for MA boundary (a 16.1 ± 6.7% improvement over CALEXia). IMT measurement error is 1.33 ± 0.99 pixel (83.1 ± 61.8 μm), a 3.6 ± 1.4% improvement over CULEXsa.
Linear Ion Trap For Atomic Clock (1990)

Linear, radio-frequency ion trap increases frequency stability of atomic frequency standard device. Confines ions with less radio-frequency motion than does point ion trap.
Variable Rate ADPCM Based on Explicit Noise Coding (1983)

This paper discusses a variable bit rate speech coding system based on explicit coding of the reconstruction noise in ADPCM (differential pulse code modulation with adaptive quantization). If the ADPCM bit rate is R bits/sample, PCM coding of its noise using an average bit rate of R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> bits/sample provides the receiver with the possibility of operating at any bit rate in the range R to R + max{R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> }. Using R values in the range 2 to 5, and R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> values in the range 0 to 3, we compare the performance of the (R + R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> )-bit system with that of conventional (R + R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> )-bit ADPCM. If noise coding is based on instantaneous R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> -bit quantization of its samples with an optimized step size, the signal-to-noise ratio performance is comparable to that of conventional ADPCM for R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> = 1, but it deteriorates significantly for R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> > 1. With non-instantaneous noise coding, the performance can exceed that of conventional ADPCM for any R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> > 1, if R > 2. This is due to a variable bit allocation algorithm that quantizes noise samples with differing resolutions, while maintaining a constant total bit rate in every block of 4 ms. The algorithm does not require the transmission of any extra side information. It can also be regarded as a way of improving the performance of ADPCM coding at a single bit rate of R + R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</inf> bits/sample.
Mammographic imaging with a small format CCD‐based digital cassette: Physical characteristics of a clinical system (2000)

The physical characteristics of a clinical charge coupled device (CCD)-based imager (Senovision, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) for small-field digital mammography have been investigated. The imager employs a MinR 2000 (Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY) scintillator coupled by a 1:1 optical fiber to a front-illuminated 61 x 61 mm CCD operating at a pixel pitch of 30 microns. Objective criteria such as modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) were employed for this evaluation. The results demonstrated a limiting spatial resolution (10% MTF) of 10 cy/mm. The measured DQE of the current prototype utilizing a 28 kVp, Mo-Mo spectrum beam hardened with 4.5 cm Lucite is approximately 40% at close to zero spatial frequency at an exposure of 8.2 mR, and decreases to approximately 28% at a low exposure of 1.1 mR. Detector element nonuniformity and electronic gain variations were not significant after appropriate calibration and software corrections. The response of the imager was linear and did not exhibit signal saturation under tested exposure conditions.
Redirected optimized cell killing (ROCK®): A highly versatile multispecific fit-for-purpose antibody platform for engaging innate immunity (2019)

Redirection of immune cells to efficiently eliminate tumor cells holds great promise. Natural killer cells (NK), macrophages, or T cells are specifically engaged with target cells expressing markers after infection or neoplastic transformation, resulting in their activation and subsequent killing of those targets. Multiple strategies to redirect immunity have been developed in the past two decades, but they have technical hurdles or cause undesirable side-effects, as exemplified by the T cell-based chimeric antigen receptor approaches (CAR-T therapies) or bispecific T cell engager platforms. Our first-in-class bispecific antibody redirecting innate immune cells to tumors (AFM13, a CD30/CD16A-specific innate immune cell engager) has shown signs of clinical efficacy in CD30-positive lymphomas and the potential to be safely administered, indicating a wider therapeutic window compared to T cell engaging therapies. AFM13 is the most advanced candidate from our fit-for-purpose redirected optimized cell killing (ROCK®) antibody platform, which comprises a plethora of CD16A-binding innate immune cell engagers with unique properties. Here, we discuss aspects of this modular platform, including the advantages of innate immune cell engagement over classical monoclonal antibodies and other engager concepts. We also present details on its potential to engineer a fit-for-purpose innate immune cell engager format that can be equipped with unique CD16A domains, modules that influence pharmacokinetic properties and molecular architectures that influence the activation of immune effectors, as well as tumor targeting. The ROCK® platform is aimed at the activation of innate immunity for the effective lysis of tumor cells and holds the promise of overcoming limitations of other approaches that redirect immune cells by widening the therapeutic window.