gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rule-based knowledge in neural computing (1993)

Similar to humans, an information processing system should be able to exploit knowledge that is presented in form of rules as well as information that is acquired through experience. The author demonstrates how rule-based knowledge can be used to pre-structure a neural network. In this way, the network has problem specific knowledge prior to training. After training, the altered rules can be extracted and interpreted by an expert. The viability of the approach is demonstrated in a legal application, where rules defined by a legal expert as well as previous court decisions are used for network structuring and training.
Astigmatism, accommodation, and visual instrumentation (1978)

The possibility is discussed that, through the exercise of his accommodation, an observer may be able to compensate partially for the aberrations of a visual instrument, in particular, for field curvature and astigmatism. The relevant properties of the accommodation response are briefly reviewed. Experiments are described in which an astigmatic image field was simulated with the aid of cylindrical lenses, and the accommodation responses were determined with a laser optometer. Observers were found to adjust their accommodation with the orientation of a grating target in such a way as to attempt to minimize the effects of the instrumental astigmatism. The degree of compensation achieved depended upon the position of the image vergence within the range of accommodation of the observer. Field studies with a fixed-focus sighting telescope support these ideas.
The p38 and MK2 Kinase Cascade Phosphorylates Tuberin, the Tuberous Sclerosis 2 Gene Product, and Enhances Its Interaction with 14-3-3 (2003)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes. TSC1 and TSC2 (also known as hamartin and tuberin, respectively) form a functional complex and negatively regulate cell growth by inhibiting protein synthesis. 14-3-3 binds to TSC2 and may inhibit TSC2 function. We have reported previously that phosphorylation of serine 1210 (Ser(1210)) in TSC2 is essential for 14-3-3 binding. Here we show that serum and anisomycin enhance the interaction between TSC2 and 14-3-3 by stimulating phosphorylation of Ser(1210). Activation of p38 MAP kinase (p38) is essential for the stimulating effect of serum and anisomycin although p38 is not directly responsible for the phosphorylation of Ser(1210) in TSC2. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the p38-activated kinase MK2 (also known as MAPKAPK2) is directly responsible for the phosphorylation of Ser(1210). Our data show that anisomycin stimulates phosphorylation of Ser(1210) of TSC2 via the p38-MK2 kinase cascade. Phosphorylation of TSC2 by MK2 creates a 14-3-3 binding site and thus regulates the cellular function of the TSC2 tumor suppressor protein.
Construction of Hydroxylated Alkaloids (.+-.)-Mannonolactam, (.+-.)-Deoxymannojirimycin, and (.+-.)-Prosopinine through Aza-Annulation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConstruction of Hydroxylated Alkaloids (.+-.)-Mannonolactam, (.+-.)-Deoxymannojirimycin, and (.+-.)-Prosopinine through Aza-AnnulationGregory R. Cook, Lars G. Beholz, and John R. StilleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 13, 3575–3584Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00092a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00092a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2109Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Uptake and Accumulation of Cobalt in Plants: a Study Based on Exogenous Cobalt in Soybean (2009)

Abstract: An investigation was carried out with the heavy metal Cobalt and legume plant soybean, in order to test the heavy metal accumulating ability of soybean. Cobalt was given to Soybean (Glycine max) plants in pot culture by soil drenching method. The accumulation and uptake of cobalt was tested from root, stem and leaves of treated plants. The results showed higher concentration (Co level (100-200 mg kg) in the soil) resulted in1 maximum accumulation in all parts of soybean plants, while the low concentrations of cobalt (50 mg kg 1 Co level) in the soil didn’t show any significant effect. Key words: Glycine max Uptake Accumulation Cobalt INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are continuously released into the Estimation of the migration ability of any pollutant in activities. The uptake and accumulation of heavy metals the natural environment is considered to be a necessary by plants promotes a mechanistic understanding of the stage for predicting the ecological situation. The process biological significance of particular metal concentrations of heavy metals accumulation in agricultural crops is and distributions in biota [13]. The toxicity of chromium,
Size regulation of von Willebrand factor–mediated platelet thrombi by ADAMTS13 in flowing blood (2005)

The metalloproteinase ADAMTS13 regulates the size of released von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers bound to endothelial cells, but it is unknown whether it can cleave plasma VWF during thrombogenesis. To address this issue, we perfused blood over immobilized VWF and used videomicroscopy to visualize an activation-independent platelet aggregation process mediated by soluble VWF at shear rates greater than 10 000 s-1. At normal Ca2+ concentration, platelets formed rolling as well as surface-attached clusters that grew larger during the first 5 minutes but then lost more than 70% of their mass by 10 minutes. In contrast, platelet clusters were stable in size when metal ions were chelated, anti-ADAMTS13 IgG were added, or washed blood cells were perfused with purified VWF but no plasma. In the latter case, addition of recombinant ADAMTS13 reduced platelet cluster size by more than 70%. Incubating ADAMTS13 with VWF before perfusion did not prevent the initial platelet clustering, indicating that the enzyme may act on platelet-bound VWF under shear stress. At the concentrations tested, ADAMTS13 had no effect on platelet aggregates formed upon blood perfusion over collagen fibrils. ADAMTS13, therefore, may regulate thrombus size preferentially when the cohesion between platelets depends on VWF binding induced by pathologically elevated shear stress.
Test results for a reciprocating pump powered by decomposed hydrogen peroxide (2001)

A four-chamber piston pump has been tested in several evolving configurations. A significant improvement over an earlier hyadrazine pump is the elimination of warm gas leakage in the powerhead. This has been achieved through the used of soft seals for the power piston and intake-exhaust valves, with gas temperatures approaching 800 K (980 F). The pumped fluid serves as a coolant, and the cylinder walls and heads are made of aluminum for high thermal conductivity, low mass, and affordability.
La Formación Permanente de calidad a través de la Red (2007)

El marco europeo de Educacion Superior esta demandando a las Instituciones
educativas que refuercen la Educacion a lo largo de la vida. La mayoria de las
universidades espanolas han aumentando la oferta educativa con el objetivo de
impulsar el desarrollo de la Formacion Permanente. Esta claro que, en este campo,
la “Declaracion de Bolonia” es el elemento que rige actualmente la Educacion
Superior en Europa, y no podemos quedarnos al margen: debemos ajustar nuestras
ensenanzas a los requisitos exigidos. Los espacios de teleformacion pueden
constituir una herramienta de ayuda para cumplir con estas exigencias.
Feature Interactions in Telecommunications and Software Systems V (1998)

Feature interaction occurs when one telecommunication feature modifies or subverts the operation of another one. This text contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Feature Interactions in Telecommunications and Software Systems.
The circulating processor model of parallel systems (1997)

This paper introduces the circulating processor model for parallel computer systems. Models of parallel systems tend to be computationally complex due to synchronization constraints such as task forking and joining. However, product form queuing network models remain computationally efficient as the size of the system grows by calculating only the mean performance metrics of the system. The circulating processor model is a product form queuing network model that differs from more traditional models in that the processors circulate among the parallel applications. In traditional models, the tasks of the parallel application circulate among the processors. Behaviors such as forking and joining of tasks and barrier synchronizations are better captured using this new approach. The circulating processor model may be load-dependent or load-independent. For systems that contain a single parallel application, the load-dependent circulating processor model is exact, while the load-independent model is not. In the latter case, an exact error can be calculated. For systems that contain multiple parallel applications, the load-dependent circulating processor model is a good approximation to the actual system, while the load-independent model is not. A case study using Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) on a network of workstations illustrates the applicability of the circulating processor model.
Improving Color Modeling for Alpha Matting (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of extracting an alpha matte from a single photograph given a user-defined trimap. A crucial part of this task is the color modeling step where for each pixel the optimal alpha value, together with its confidence, is estimated individually. This forms the data term of the objective function. It comprises of three steps: (i) Collecting a candidate set of potential foreand background colors; (ii) Selecting high confidence samples from the candidate set; (iii) Estimating a sparsity prior to remove blurry artifacts. We introduce novel ideas for each of these steps and show that our approach considerably improves over state-of-the-art techniques by evaluating it on a large database of 54 images with known high-quality ground truth.
Molecular Pathways: VCAM-1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Metastasis (2012)

Interactions between disseminated tumor cells (DTC) and stromal cells in the microenvironment are critical for tumor colonization of distal organs. Recent studies have shown that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer cells and mediates prometastatic tumor-stromal interactions. Moreover, the usefulness of VCAM-1 to DTCs in 2 different organs--lung and bone--is based on distinct mechanisms. In the lungs, VCAM-1 on the surface of cancer cells binds to its counterreceptor, the α4β1 integrin (also known as very-late antigen, VLA-4), on metastasis-associated macrophages, triggering VCAM-1-mediated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase growth and survival pathway in the cancer cells. In the bone marrow, cancer cell VCAM-1 attracts and tethers α4 integrin-expressing osteoclast progenitors to facilitate their maturation into multinucleated osteoclasts that mediate osteolytic metastasis. These findings highlight the importance of direct interactions between DTCs and stromal cells during tumor dissemination and draw attention to the possibility of targeting the α4 integrin-VCAM-1 interactions in metastatic breast cancer. Anti-α4 integrin inhibitors have been developed to treat various diseases driven by massive leukocyte infiltrates and have gained U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval or are undergoing clinical trials. Testing these drugs against tumor-stromal leukocyte interactions may provide a new strategy to suppress lung and bone relapse of breast cancer.
Fault detection, classification and location for transmission lines and distribution systems: a review on the methods (2016)

A comprehensive review on the methods used for fault detection, classification and location in transmission lines and distribution systems is presented in this study. Though the three topics are highly correlated, the authors try to discuss them separately, so that one may have a more logical and comprehensive understanding of the concepts without getting confused. Great significance is also attached to the feature extraction process, without which the majority of the methods may not be implemented properly. Fault detection techniques are discussed on the basis of feature extraction. After the overall concepts and general ideas are presented, representative works as well as new progress in the techniques are covered and discussed in detail. One may find the content of this study helpful as a detailed literature review or a practical technical guidance.
Mechanism of Formation of Au Vacancy Islands in Alkanethiol Monolayers on Au(111) (1997)

Using an ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope we have discovered evidence for a novel mechanism by which Au vacancy islands form during assembly of alkanethiol monolayers on Au(111). Our results suggest a model whereby excess Au atoms are forced out of the surface layer by relaxation of the compressed herringbone reconstruction. This creates adatoms on, and vacancies in, the surface layer. On large terraces the vacancies nucleate into islands while the adatoms migrate and adsorb at ascending step edges. At saturation coverage of alkanethiols the surface exhibits ≈6% of a monolayer of vacancy islands. These results show that complex interactions between the assembling thiols and the herringbone reconstruction influence the mesoscopic aspects of the final monolayer surface.
A Novel Proficient Blind Signature Scheme using ECC (2014)

Internet has become an Integral part and prime need of every human being in their day to day life. People now prefer to do transaction over the internet than doing it offline as it reduces time consumption. In such scenarios, securing customer data is one of the biggest challenges for software developers. For this reason Security protocols like Blind Signature Scheme came into picture where requester is allowed obtain a signature from the signer who signs a message without reading the content of the message, and cannot link the protocol with the resulting message signature pair. Blind Signature scheme is mostly used for E-commerce applications like Digital payment system, Electronic-voting system as it provides security goals like blindness, untraceability, correctness and nonforgeability. Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller has presented Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) which is an approach to public key cryptography based on algebraic structure of elliptic curves in over finite fields. Elliptic curve cryptosystem is more efficient than other public key cryptosystem due to difficulty in solving elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Using the benefits of elliptic curve cryptography we have presented implementation of blind signature scheme using JAVA.
Structure and biosynthesis of novel conjugated polyene fatty acids from the marine green alga<i>Anadyomene stellata</i> (1995)

Novel polyunsaturated fatty acids with four conjugated double bonds were found in extracts of the green macroalga, Anadyomene stellata. The isolation of five of these with different chain lengths and varying degrees of unsaturation--16:5, 18:4, 20:5, 20:6, and 22:7--was accomplished by organic extraction followed by a combination of vacuum and high-performance liquid chromatography. One of these that was a novel substance (22:7) was characterized as 4Z,7Z,9E,11E,13Z,16Z,19Z-do cosaheptaenoic acid and assigned the trivial name stellaheptaenoic acid. The structure of this new compound, isolated as its methyl ester derivative, was deduced from detailed nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and other spectroscopic methods. Incubation of a chloroplast preparation, isolated from a crude algal homogenate by differential centrifugation, with six unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic, 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosatetraenoic acid, and 4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoi c acid) resulted in substantially increased synthesis of unique tetraene compounds as detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and tentatively identified by GC/MS.
Multiple mitogenic pathways in pancreatic cancer cells are blocked by a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor. (2002)

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) family consists of four transmembrane tyrosine kinases that undergo homodimerization and heterodimerization. Pancreatic cancers overexpress these receptors. To examine the effects of EGFR blockade on pancreatic cancer cell mitogenesis in relation to activation of specific signaling pathways, four pancreatic cancer cell lines were infected with an adenoviral vector encoding a truncated EGFR (AdtrEGFR), and activation of signaling was assessed with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitors PD98059 and U0126, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125. In all four cell lines, AdtrEGFR markedly attenuated EGF and heparin-binding EGF-dependent cell growth, EGFR family tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of MAPK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38 MAPK, and activating transcription factor 2. AdtrEGFR did not alter fibroblast growth factor 2 actions on mitogenesis. In ASPC-1, PANC-1, and T3M4 cells, PD98059 and U0126 inhibited MAPK kinase activation but not EGF-stimulated mitogenesis, whereas SB203580 inhibited EGF-stimulated mitogenesis, p38 MAPK activation, and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 activation, without attenuating the mitogenic effect of insulin-like growth factor 1. In contrast, in COLO-357 cells, PD98059, and U0126, but not SB203580, inhibited EGF-stimulated mitogenesis, whereas SP600125 did not alter the mitogenic actions of EGF in any of the cell lines. Thus, EGF promotes proliferation via the MAPK in COLO-357 cells but via p38 MAPK in ASPC-1, PANC-1, and T3M4 cells, and whereas EGFR activation leads to the activation of all four members of the EGFR family in these cells, downstream signaling is efficiently blocked by AdtrEGFR.
The current role and future prospects of paclitaxel in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. (1999)

When combination regimens containing a platinum compound and etoposide are used, median survivals in patients with extensive- and limited-stage small cell lung cancer are 7 to 10 months and 15 to 20 months, respectively. A recent randomized trial demonstrated equivalent efficacy and decreased toxicity with carboplatin/etoposide compared with cisplatin/etoposide. Because of excellent single-agent activity, paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) has been recently added to various platinum/etoposide combinations. Phase I/II studies with paclitaxel/cisplatin/etoposide and paclitaxel/carboplatin/etoposide have demonstrated excellent activity with acceptable toxicity. Ongoing phase III trials will better define the contribution of paclitaxel to standard platinum/etoposide regimens. In addition, phase II trials of novel paclitaxel combinations (e.g., paclitaxel/topotecan, paclitaxel/carboplatin/topotecan) are ongoing.
Relation Networks for Object Detection (2017)

Although it is well believed for years that modeling relations between objects would help object recognition, there has not been evidence that the idea is working in the deep learning era. All state-of-the-art object detection systems still rely on recognizing object instances individually, without exploiting their relations during learning. This work proposes an object relation module. It processes a set of objects simultaneously through interaction between their appearance feature and geometry, thus allowing modeling of their relations. It is lightweight and in-place. It does not require additional supervision and is easy to embed in existing networks. It is shown effective on improving object recognition and duplicate removal steps in the modern object detection pipeline. It verifies the efficacy of modeling object relations in CNN based detection. It gives rise to the first fully end-to-end object detector.
INTERCOMPARISON AND VALIDATION OF CONTINENTAL WATER LEVEL PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE RADAR ALTIMETRY, MODELING AND FORECASTING TROPICAL LAKE LEVELS (2012)

This dissertation focuses on validating the use of satellite radar altimetry products to observe and forecast water level in lakes and reservoirs. Satellite measurements of lake and reservoir water levels complement <italic>in situ</italic> observations by providing stage information for ungauged basins and by filling data gaps in gauge records. Yet different satellite radar altimeter-derived continental water level products may differ significantly due to choice of satellites, geophysical corrections, etc. To explore the impacts of these differences, in the first part of this dissertation a direct comparison between three different altimeter-based lake level estimates is presented and validated with lake level gauge time series for lakes of a variety of sizes and conditions (e.g. whether they freeze seasonally). This comparison provides quantitative estimates of the error in lake levels as well as advice on product choices to end users. The largest discrepancies among the altimeter products occur for the lakes that freeze. In the second part of this dissertation a simple water balance model is developed relating net freshwater flux on a catchment basin to lake level. The model is constructed with two empirical parameters: effective catchment to lake area ratio and time delay between freshwater flux and lake level response. This model allows comparison of observed net freshwater flux with the lake level estimates from altimetry for a series of 12 tropical lakes distributed across three continents. The results show encouraging agreement between these independent datasets. The third part of this dissertation uses the simple lake model, developed in the second part of this dissertation, and applies it to NOAA's Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled model thus allowing us to produce seasonal lake level forecasts based on seasonal predictions of net freshwater flux. In the CFS net freshwater flux data bias with respect to the independent reanalysis is determined. One example of such a lake level model forecast is presented, showing promising significant results over most examined tropical lakes, but failing for reservoirs and smaller lakes. Model forecast bias with respect to altimeter observations is proposed to be further investigated for multiple lead times.