gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yield estimation using bandpass-filtered seismograms: Preliminary results using neural networks with <i>mb</i>(<i>Pn</i>), short-time, long-time, and coda energy measurements (1993)

Abstract A neural network has been developed to simultaneously use multiple seismic measurements, such as mb(Pn) and coda energy, for estimating yields of underground nuclear explosions. Yield estimation results based on a large number of Nevada Test Site events that were recorded at the broadband seismic stations at Elko, Kanab, Landers, and Mina indicate that different length windows (6, 18, and 200 sec) of seismogram energy are as useful as the mb(Pn) measurement when the seismogram is filtered between 0.5 and 2 Hz. Detailed results of yield estimation trends as a function of signal frequency are also obtained. Yield estimation performance using long lapse time coda energy above 2 Hz is significantly limited by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Performance of the neural network with both mb(Pn) and energy information as input does not significantly exceed the performance of a conventional linear regression analysis that is based only on mb(Pn). Properties of the coda signal as a function of frequency and SNR that might ultimately lead us to the application of a full seismogram with a neural network for accurate seismic yield estimation are discussed.
Optically transparent conductive polymer RFID meandering dipole antenna (2009)

In this paper, we present optically transparent flexible conductive polymer antennas for radio frequency identification systems. The designs for these antennas are presented along with simulated and measured results of antenna radiating properties. These conductive polymer antennas are compared to antennas with the same design fabricated out of copper. Finally, we include an analysis of the optical transparency of the conductive polymer antennas.
Adaptive access control of ATM traffic using neural networks (2002)

We report a new adaptive mechanism for the access control of VBR sources in an ATM network environment. The general requirement for ATM in the context of B-ISDN is to accommodate on the same network, the varying bandwidth needs of future video, voice and data services. In establishing a call or connection, the quality of service on the source-to-destination path of already existing connections within the network, has to be evaluated and found not to violate an agreed contract. This evaluation of the end-to-end performance along a complete virtual path (VP), before deciding whether to reject or accept the call is both slow and difficult to achieve, especially for inhomogeneous variable bit rate sources. If the statistically time independent characteristics of the new and existing connections are known, then a more direct and preventive access control can be exerted on individual cell streams at the nodal switching points. An efficient access control has to be adaptive and fast (short delay), in order to cope well with the high bit rate traffic expected in ATM networks. We have trained the probabilistic random access memory neural network to learn the stochastic arrival pattern of cells at an ATM switching node during a given time slot. This knowledge is then applied to achieve adaptive access control of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous sources.
Evaluation of three-dimensional segmentation algorithms for the identification of luminal and medial-adventitial borders in intravascular ultrasound images (2000)

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides direct depiction of coronary artery anatomy, including plaque and vessel area, which is important in quantitative studies on the progression or regression of coronary artery disease. Traditionally, these studies have relied on manual evaluation, which is laborious, time consuming, and subject to large interobserver and intraobserver variability. A new technique, called active surface segmentation, alleviates these limitations and makes strides toward routine analyses. However, for three-dimensional (3-D) plaque assessment or 3-D reconstruction to become a clinical reality, methods must be developed which can analyze many images quickly. Presented is a comparison between two active surface techniques for three-dimensional segmentation of luminal and medial-adventitial borders. The force-acceleration technique and the neighborhood-search technique accurately detected both borders in vivo (r2 = 0.95 and 0.99, Williams' index = 0.67 and 0.65, and r2 = 0.95 and 0.99, WI = 0.67 and 0.70, respectively). However, the neighborhood-search technique was significantly faster and required less computation. Volume calculations for both techniques (r2 = 0.99 and r2 = 0.99) also agreed with a known-volume phantom. Active surface segmentation allows 3-D assessment of coronary morphology and further developments with this technology will provide clinical analysis tools.
Phase III randomized study of postradiotherapy chemotherapy with combination alpha-difluoromethylornithine-PCV versus PCV for anaplastic gliomas. (2003)

The addition of DFMO to the nitrosourea-based PCV regimen in this Phase III study demonstrated a sustained benefit in survival probabilities for AG patients but not in the corresponding hazard rates. Survival analysis from registration found a DFMO-PCV median survival of 6.3 years (49 of 114 events), whereas that for PCV alone was 5.1 years (55 of 114 events). The hazard function demonstrated a difference over the first 2 years of study (hazard ratio 0.53, P = 0.02) but not after 2 years (hazard ratio 1.06, P = 0.84), supporting the conclusion that DFMO adds to the survival advantage of PCV chemotherapy for AG patients by direct temporal interaction with PCV.
Cover Picture: Surface Wrinkles for Smart Adhesion (Adv. Mater. 4/2008) (2008)

Abstract A patterned adhesive, based on surface wrinkling through swelling of a laterally confined polymer film, is presented by Alfred J. Crosby and co‐workers on p. 711. The image highlights the interface between the wrinkles (bright cylinders) of the patterned adhesive separating from a glass substrate (circular region). Enhanced control of adhesion is attributed to contact line splitting, which is fundamental to adhesion control in numerous examples in nature, for example, the gecko.
Light-Weight Instrumentation From Relational Queries Over Program Traces (2004)

Abstract : Instrumenting programs with code to monitor their dynamic behaviour is a technique as old as computing. Today most instrumentation is either inserted manually by programmers which is tedious, or automatically by specialized tools, which are nontrivial to build and monitor particular properties. We introduce Program Trace Query Language (PTQL), a general language in which programmers can write expressive, declarative queries about program behaviour. PTQL is based on relational queries over program traces. We argue that PTQL is more amenable to human and machine understanding than competing languages. We also describe a compiler, Partiqle, that takes a PTQL query and a Java program and produces an instrumented program. This instrumented program runs normally but also evaluates the PTQL query on-line. We explain some novel optimizations required to compile relational queries into efficient instrumentation. To help evaluate our work, we present the results of applying a variety of PTQL queries to a set of benchmark programs, including the Apache Tomcat Web server. The results show that our prototype system already has usable performance, and that our optimizations are critical to obtaining this performance. Our queries also revealed significant (and apparently unknown) performance bugs in the jack SpecJVM98 benchmark, in Tomcat, and in the IBM Java class library, and some uncomfortably clever code in the Xerces XML parser.
Conformational analysis of potent and very selective δ opioid dipeptide antagonists (1995)

The delta selectivity and antagonism of peptides containing L-tetrahydro-3-isoquinoline carboxylic acid (Tic) in second position can be attributed mainly to the Tyr-Tic unit. These properties can be further enhanced by substituting Tyr1 with 2,6-dimethyl-L-tyrosyl (Dmt). Dmt-Tic-NH2, Dmt-Tic-OH, Dmt-Tic-Ala-NH2 and Dmt-Tic-Ala-OH are all more active and/or selective than the corresponding [Tyr1]-parent peptides. In fact the selectivities of Dmt-Tic-OH and Dmt-Tic-Ala-OH are the highest ever recorded for opioid molecules. 1H NMR spectra in a DMSO/water mixture at 278 K reveal the presence of two similar conformers, characterised by a cis or trans Dmt-Tic bond, in all four peptides. A detailed conformational analysis in solution of Dmt-Tic-NH2 shows that these conformers have a shape very similar to that of the bioactive conformation of Tyr-Tic-NH2 and to that of naltrindole.
High critical currents by isotropic magnetic-flux-pinning centres in a 3 µm-thick YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>superconducting coated conductor (2007)

The critical current densities Jc−w(H) per unit width of the tape were measured at 75 K in applied magnetic fields H on a 3 µm-thick YBa2Cu3O7 film on a metallic substrate fabricated using the BaF2 process. Jc−w(H) was the highest reported for YBa2Cu3O7 conductors with H perpendicular to the tape, and was independent of the angle between H and the tape plane for μ0H≤3 T. The film did not contain artificial flux-pinning centres, implying the existence of a strong isotropic-pinning centre in undoped YBa2Cu3O7 films, thus opening up unexplored avenues for improving performance of coated conductors.
Cardiospheres and cardiosphere-derived cells as therapeutic agents following myocardial infarction (2012)

Heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cellular therapies hold significant promise for patients with heart disease. Heart-derived progenitor cells are capable of repairing a diseased heart through modulation of growth factor milieu and temporary engraftment leading to endogenous repair. The proof-of-concept CADUCEUS clinical trial using cardiosphere-derived cells has shown evidence of therapeutic cardiac tissue regeneration. Future clinical trials are now being planned to generate additional safety and efficacy data in the hopes of building toward an approved cellular therapy for heart disease.
New Approach to Remove Metals from Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)-Treated Wood (2012)

Recovery of metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated southern pine wood particles was investigated using binary acid solutions consisting of acetic, oxalic, and phosphoric acids in a microwave reactor. Formation of an insoluble copper oxalate complex in the binary solution containing oxalic acid was the major factor for low copper removal. Furthermore, the possible complexation of acetic/oxalic acid in the organic phase, the decomposition of oxalic acid in acetic acid at high temperatures, and the promotion of the formation and precipitation of the copper oxalate by phosphoric acid may induce an antagonistic effect which adversely influenced the effectiveness of the copper extraction. It was found that the addition of acetic acid into phosphoric acid enhanced the chromium recovery rate of the mixed acid solution. This synergistic effect of mixed acetic acid and phosphoric acids is considered one of the most interesting and significant discoveries in the study.
Single-Cell Photonic Nanocavity Probes (2013)

In this report, we demonstrate for the first time photonic nanocavities operating inside single biological cells. Here we develop a nanobeam photonic crystal (PC) cavity as an advanced cellular nanoprobe, active in nature, and configurable to provide a multitude of actions for both intracellular sensing and control. Our semiconductor nanocavity probes emit photoluminescence (PL) from embedded quantum dots (QD) and sustain high quality resonant photonic modes inside cells. The probes are shown to be minimally cytotoxic to cells from viability studies, and the beams can be loaded in cells and tracked for days at a time, with cells undergoing regular division with the beams. We present in vitro label-free protein sensing with our probes to detect streptavidin as a path towards real-time biomarker and biomolecule detection inside single cells. The results of this work will enable new areas of research merging the strengths of photonic nanocavities with fundamental cell biology.
Creating nanoscale emulsions using condensation (2017)

Abstract Nanoscale emulsions are essential components in numerous products, ranging from processed foods to novel drug delivery systems. Existing emulsification methods rely either on the breakup of larger droplets or solvent exchange/inversion. Here we report a simple, scalable method of creating nanoscale water-in-oil emulsions by condensing water vapor onto a subcooled oil-surfactant solution. Our technique enables a bottom-up approach to forming small-scale emulsions. Nanoscale water droplets nucleate at the oil/air interface and spontaneously disperse within the oil, due to the spreading dynamics of oil on water. Oil-soluble surfactants stabilize the resulting emulsions. We find that the oil-surfactant concentration controls the spreading behavior of oil on water, as well as the peak size, polydispersity, and stability of the resulting emulsions. Using condensation, we form emulsions with peak radii around 100 nm and polydispersities around 10%. This emulsion formation technique may open different routes to creating emulsions, colloidal systems, and emulsion-based materials.
Fiber-optic Cerenkov radiation sensor for proton therapy dosimetry (2012)

In proton therapy dosimetry, a fiber-optic radiation sensor incorporating a scintillator must undergo complicated correction processes due to the quenching effect of the scintillator. To overcome the drawbacks of the fiber-optic radiation sensor, we proposed an innovative method using the Cerenkov radiation generated in plastic optical fibers. In this study, we fabricated a fiber-optic Cerenkov radiation sensor without an organic scintillator to measure Cerenkov radiation induced by therapeutic proton beams. Bragg peaks and spread-out Bragg peaks of proton beams were measured using the fiber-optic Cerenkov radiation sensor and the results were compared with those of an ionization chamber and a fiber-optic radiation sensor incorporating an organic scintillator. From the results, we could obtain the Bragg peak and the spread-out Bragg peak of proton beams without quenching effects induced by the scintillator, and these results were in good agreement with those of the ionization chamber. We also measured the Cerenkov radiation generated from the fiber-optic Cerenkov radiation sensor as a function of the dose rate of the proton beam.
Integrated Optical Approaches to Millimeter-Wave Generation and Modulation (2007)

Two lithium niobate modulators and an arrayed waveguide grating are used to generate a millimeter-wave carrier at 94 GHz and to encode a 10 GB/s data stream onto the carrier for wireless data transport.
Deep Polarization Cues for Transparent Object Segmentation (2020)

Segmentation of transparent objects is a hard, open problem in computer vision. Transparent objects lack texture of their own, adopting instead the texture of scene background. This paper reframes the problem of transparent object segmentation into the realm of light polarization, i.e., the rotation of light waves. We use a polarization camera to capture multi-modal imagery and couple this with a unique deep learning backbone for processing polarization input data. Our method achieves instance segmentation on cluttered, transparent objects in various scene and background conditions, demonstrating an improvement over traditional image-based approaches. As an application we use this for robotic bin picking of transparent objects.
Conducting clinical trials over the internet: feasibility study (2003)

Can randomised controlled trials be successfully conducted over the internet? The authors report a feasibility study of such a trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Nanostructured Optical Photonic Crystal Biosensor for HIV Viral Load Measurement (2014)

Detecting and quantifying biomarkers and viruses in biological samples have broad applications in early disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We have demonstrated a label-free optical sensing mechanism using nanostructured photonic crystals (PC) to capture and quantify intact viruses (HIV-1) from biologically relevant samples. The nanostructured surface of the PC biosensor resonantly reflects a narrow wavelength band during illumination with a broadband light source. Surface-adsorbed biotarget induces a shift in the resonant Peak Wavelength Value (PWV) that is detectable with <10 pm wavelength resolution, enabling detection of both biomolecular layers and small number of viruses that sparsely populate the transducer surface. We have successfully captured and detected HIV-1 in serum and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) samples with viral loads ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) copies/mL. The surface density of immobilized biomolecular layers used in the sensor functionalization process, including 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPS), N-gamma-Maleimidobutyryl-oxysuccinimide ester (GMBS), NeutrAvidin, anti-gp120, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were also quantified by the PC biosensor.
Highly active iridium catalysts for the hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes (2009)

The pressure hydrogenation capabilities of the iridium pincer complexes IrH2Cl[((i)Pr2PC2H4)2NH] (1) and IrH3[((i)Pr2PC2H4)2NH] (2) are described and compared to related results obtained previously in transfer hydrogenation. Complex 1 was shown to act as a convenient air-stable entry point to the active catalyst 2, in the presence of base and hydrogen gas. The catalysts are active in a range of solvents, including CH2Cl2 and CHCl3, in contrast to related ruthenium systems. This class of iridium complexes is very effective for the direct hydrogenation of a wide range of carbonyl compounds including ketones, diketones, alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes. A catalytic cycle is proposed for this system which involves an ionic heterolytic bifunctional hydrogenation mechanism.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (2012)

Abstract Molecular imprinting—or templating at a molecular level—allows the preparation of synthetic polymers featuring receptor or catalytically active sites. The most common form of imprinting comprises the synthesis of reticulated polymers in the presence of templates which, widely defined, may range from ions and small molecules to biological macromolecules and ultimately microorganisms. Functional monomers act as anchors interacting with the template and holding it in place during the polymerization. Removal of the template from the formed polymer liberates binding sites complementary in shape and binding groups to the template structure. This review starts by outlining the main synthetic concepts underlying the design of imprinted polymers and thereafter highlights key contributions devoted to various molecular recognition‐based applications.
Fourier optical processing enables new capabilities in diamond magnetic imaging (2017)

Diamond-based magnetic field sensors have attracted great interest in recent years. In particular, wide-field magnetic imaging using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has been previously demonstrated in condensed matter, biological, and paleomagnetic applications. Vector magnetic imaging with NV ensembles typically requires an applied field (>10 G) to separate the contributions from four crystallographic orientations, hindering studies of magnetic samples that require measurement in low or independently specified bias fields. Here we decompose the NV ensemble magnetic resonance spectrum without such a bias field by modulating the collected light at the microscope's Fourier plane. In addition to enabling vector magnetic imaging at arbitrarily low fields, our method can be used to extend the dynamic range at a given bias field. As demonstrated here, optically-detected diamond magnetometry stands to benefit from Fourier optical approaches, which have already found widespread utility in other branches of photonics.
Observability Analysis of a Vision-aided Inertial Navigation System Using Planar Features on the Ground : Supplemental Material (2013)

In this paper, we present an observability analysis of a vision-aided inertial navigation system (VINS) in which the camera is downward looking and observes a single point feature on the ground. In our analysis, the full INS parameter vector (including position, velocity, rotation, and inertial sensor biases) as well as the 3D position of the observed point feature are considered as state variables. In particular, we prove that the system has only three unobservable directions corresponding to global translations along the x and y axes, and rotations around the gravity vector. Hence, compared to general VINS, an advantage of using only ground features is that the vertical translation becomes observable. The findings of the theoretical analysis are validated through real-world experiments.
Fluorescence-lifetime-based phase-sensitive sensor array with LED or diode laser excitation for chemical- and biosensing (1999)

Fluorescence lifetime-based sensors are well-suited for chemical and biological applications since they are relatively insensitive to background light intensity, fluctuations and bleaching of fluorophores. Examples of applications include biosensing strategies where binding or a target analyte to an immobilized biological receptor molecule results in a change in the fluorescence lifetime of a fluorescent reporter group. It is desirable in many instances to have a sensor array to monitor the simultaneous binding of several analytes. We have designed a multichannel system using LEDs (or laser diodes) to excite fluorescence, multiple photodetectors, and a multichannel computer algorithm-based phase meter. The multichannel phase meter utilizes a PC and multichannel digital acquisition board. The resolution of each channel in the multichannel phase meter has been estimated at approximately 0.05 degrees. The eigen-phase fluctuations for each channel of the system are approximately 0.15 degrees, which allow us to estimate the lifetime resolution as better than 10 ps. We estimate the processing time of phase measurements for each channel as less than 200 ms. The usefulness of the system has been demonstrated in several operational examples, including a multichannnel pH meter and a fluoresphore competitive immunoassay-based chemical sensor.
A generalized Benford's law for JPEG coefficients and its applications in image forensics (2007)

In this paper, a novel statistical model based on Benford's law for the probability distributions of the first digits of the block-DCT and quantized JPEG coefficients is presented. A parametric logarithmic law, i.e., the generalized Benford's law, is formulated. Furthermore, some potential applications of this model in image forensics are discussed in this paper, which include the detection of JPEG compression for images in bitmap format, the estimation of JPEG compression Qfactor for JPEG compressed bitmap image, and the detection of double compressed JPEG image. The results of our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed statistical model.
Turbo ASL: Arterial spin labeling with higher SNR and temporal resolution (2000)

A modified pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique is introduced here that has both higher temporal resolution and higher SNR per unit time than existing ASL techniques. In this technique, the time TI between the application of the tag and image acquisition is longer than the repetition time TR, allowing for the use of greatly reduced TR values without a significant decrease in the amplitude of the ASL signal. This improves both the temporal resolution and the sensitivity of ASL for functional brain mapping.