gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental and genetic regulation of the phosphorylcholine epitope of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> lipooligosaccharide (2004)

In response to environmental signals in the host, bacterial pathogens express factors required during infection and repress those that interfere with specific stages of this process. Signalling pathways controlling virulence factors of the human respiratory pathogen, Haemophilus influenzae, are predominantly unknown. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) outer core represents a prototypical virulence trait of H. influenzae that enhances virulence but also provides targets for innate and adaptive immunity. We report regulation of the display of the virulence-associated phosphorylcholine (PC) epitope on the LOS in response to environmental conditions. PC display is optimal under microaerobic conditions and markedly decreased under conditions of high culture aeration. Gene expression analysis using a DNA microarray was performed to begin to define the metabolic state of the cell under these conditions and to identify genes potentially involved in PC epitope modulation. Global gene expression profiling detected changes in redox responsive genes and in genes of carbohydrate metabolism. The effects on carbohydrate metabolism led us to examine the role of the putative H. influenzae homologue of csrA, a regulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in Escherichia coli. A mutant containing an in-frame deletion of the H. influenzae csrA gene showed increased PC epitope levels under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, deletion of csrA elevated mRNA expression of galU, an essential virulence gene that is critical in generating sugar precursors needed for polysaccharide formation and LOS outer core synthesis. Growth conditions predicted to alter the redox state of the culture modulated the PC epitope and galU expression as well. The results are consistent with a multifactorial mechanism of control of LOS-PC epitope display involving csrA and environmental signals that coordinately regulate biosynthetic and metabolic genes controlling the LOS structure.
Fast scanning transmissive delay line for multi-scan optical coherence tomography (2005)

A new transmissive grating-based scanning delay-line for optical coherence tomography is proposed, with dispersion compensation capability. Compared to other spectral delay-lines, our implementation has less loss due to a halved number of diffraction grating reflections, and implements a walk off compensation scheme. The performance of the delay line is evaluated. The delay line transmissive geometry targets balance detection configurations.
Photochemical method for generating superoxide radicals (O/sub 2/-) in aqueous solutions. [US Patent] (1980)

This patent describes a photochemical method and apparatus for generating superoxide radicals (O/sub 2/-) in an aqueous solution by means of a vacuum-ultraviolet lamp of simple design. The lamp is a microwave powered rare gas device that emits far-ultraviolet light. The lamp includes an inner loop of high purity quartz tubing through which flows an oxygen-saturated sodium formate solution. The inner loop is designed so that the solution is subjected to an intense flux of far-ultraviolet light. This causes the solution to photodecompose and form the product radical (O/sub 2/-).
Targeted Osmotic Lysis of Highly Invasive Carcinomas Using a Pulsed Magnetic Field and Pharmacological Blockade of Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels (2018)

Simultaneous electrical or physiological stimulation of voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and concomitant pharmacological blockade of sodium, potassium‐ATPase (sodium pumps) causes lysis of cells that overexpress VGSCs. Lysis does not occur in tissues that express normal levels of VGSCs. Metastatic carcinomas overexpress VGSCs. Pulsed magnetic fields (PMFS) will also activate VGSCs. Accordingly, we hypothesized that a PMF would lyse invasive carcinomas concomitantly treated with the sodium pump blocker, digoxin, without affecting noncancerous cells or tissue. MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells cultured in DMEM, or MCF‐10a normal breast epithelial cells cultured in MEGM, were dissociated with Cellstripper and resuspended in microfuge tubes with or without 5–500 nM digoxin. Microfuge tubes were placed in an 8″l × 2.5″dia. electromagnetic solenoid with 697 turns of 12 ga copper wire. A Tektronix AFG 3021B waveform generator provided a 2 V pk – 5 V pk , 25 Hz pulse. The signal was fed into an AE Techron 7224 DC amplifier connected between the solenoid and the function generator, producing 9 A pk – 22 A pk monophasic DC current pulses into the solenoid, resulting in a 36 to 90 mT PMF inside the solenoid. After stimulation, cells were fixed, stained with cresyl violet and percent nonviable cells counted. Digoxin treated MDA‐MB‐231 cells lysed dose‐ and stimulation‐dependently within the 10 min stimulation interval, whereas drug‐only and stimulation‐only controls were unaffected. Neither digoxin‐treated nor untreated MCF‐10a cells lysed. For in vivo experiments, J/Nu mice with MDA‐MB‐231 xenografts were injected with 5 mg/kg digoxin or saline 5 times at 1 hr intervals on days 1, 3 and 5. This protocol achieves steady‐state pharmacokinetics. On each of the stimulation days, mice were confined to the solenoid and exposed to the 25 Hz, 90 mT PMF for 15 min starting 30 min after the last injection. Mice were euthanized and fixed with paraformaldehyde 24 hrs after the last treatment. Subcutaneous tumors from mice treated with digoxin and PMF were characterized by 60–100% tumor lysis. No lysis was observed in any of the normal tissues of treated mice. Drug‐only and stimulation‐only controls did not differ from untreated controls. These results are evidence that targeted osmotic lysis using a PMF warrants further study as a treatment for metastatic carcinomas. Support or Funding Information Supported by the LSUHSC Depts. of Pharmacology and Neurology and a research contract with Oleander Medical Technologies . This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
A Biomechanical Comparison of Fan‐Folded, Single‐Looped Fascia Lata With Other Graft Tissues as a Suitable Substitute for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2010)

In the face of potential allograft tissue shortages and increasing constraints on health care expenditures, the use of fascia lata has the potential to be a readily available graft for ACL reconstruction that performs as well as other grafts and at a comparable or lower cost.
Serological Evaluation of Turkey Herpesvirus Vector Vaccines Expressing the Hemagglutinin Gene of Avian Influenza Virus H5 Subtype under Three Different Promoters (2014)

Marek’s disease virus, including turkey herpesvirus (HVT), have been utilized as vectors to express foreign antigen genes and induce immunity against the antigens in chickens. Selection of promoters in developing such vector vaccines is one of the most important factors influencing efficacy of vector vaccines. In this study, in order to find a suitable promoter for expressing the hemagglutinin gene of avian influenza virus H5 subtype in HVT vector vaccines, three HVT vector avian influenza virus H5 subtype (HVT-AI) viruses expressing the hemagglutinin gene were constructed using three promoters; the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, the chicken β-actin (Bac) promoter, and CMV/Bac chimera (Pec) promoter. Of those three vector vaccines, HVT-AI with the CMV promoter induced significantly higher avian influenza virus (AIV) hemagglutinin inhibition titers than the other HVT-AI vaccines with the Bac or the Pec promoters, after inoculation into chickens at one day old. When evaluated with two of commercially available AIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, the HVT-AI vaccines did not induce positive titers, indicating that these HVT-AI vaccines may be utilized for easy differentiation of vaccinated chickens from ones infected with field AIV.
Evaluation of three-dimensional anisotropic head model for mapping realistic electromagnetic fields of brain tissues (2015)

Electromagnetic fields provide fundamental data for the imaging of electrical tissue properties, such as conductivity and permittivity, in recent magnetic resonance (MR)-based tissue property mapping. The induced voltage, current density, and magnetic flux density caused by externally injected current are critical factors for determining the image quality of electrical tissue conductivity. As a useful tool to identify bio-electromagnetic phenomena, precise approaches are required to understand the exact responses inside the human body subject to an injected currents. In this study, we provide the numerical simulation results of electromagnetic field mapping of brain tissues using a MR-based conductivity imaging method. First, we implemented a realistic three-dimensional human anisotropic head model using high-resolution anatomical and diffusion tensor MR images. The voltage, current density, and magnetic flux density of brain tissues were imaged by injecting 1 mA of current through pairs of electrodes on the surface of our head model. The current density map of anisotropic brain tissues was calculated from the measured magnetic flux density based on the linear relationship between the water diffusion tensor and the electrical conductivity tensor. Comparing the current density to the previous isotropic model, the anisotropic model clearly showed the differences between the brain tissues. This originates from the enhanced signals by the inherent conductivity contrast as well as the actual tissue condition resulting from the injected currents.
Preparation of different forms of titanium oxide on titanium surface: Effects on apatite deposition (2004)

Methods of preparing different types of titanium oxide (TiO(2)) and their effects on apatite deposition and adhesion on titanium surfaces were investigated. Forty-eight commercially pure titanium (Ti) discs were divided into four groups (12 per group) and each group was subjected to the following treatments: Group 1, heat treatment at 750 degrees C; Group 2, oxidation in H(2)O(2) solution followed by heat treatment; Group 3, dipping in rutile/gelatin slurry; and Group 4, dipping in anatase/gelatin slurry. Surface-treated Ti discs were immersed in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution to allow apatite deposition. Results showed that the percentage of area covered by deposited apatite was highest in Group 4 compared to the other groups. Apatite deposited on Ti discs pretreated in H(2)O(2) solution (Group 2) demonstrated the highest adhesion to the titanium substrate. Results from this study indicated that surface treatment method affects the type of TiO(2) layer formed (anatase or rutile) and affects apatite deposition and adhesion on the Ti surface.
Micro-solder precoat technology by Precoat by Powder Sheet method (2010)

Micro-solder precoat technology is expected especially for fine pitch assemblies. We have developed PPS, “Precoat by Powder Sheet”, method which can be applicable to fine pitch patterns, e.g. less than 100 μm pitch patterns. PPS sheet has mono layer of solder powder typically with a diameter of less than 10 μm. First, PPS sheet is pressed to the electrodes of the work with heat, which temperature is usually lower than the melting temperature of the solder powder. The diffusion of elements between solder powder and electrode will make metallic connection. The strength of the connection will be much stronger than the tackiness between the tacky layer and solder powder on the PPS sheet. Thus, solder powder pressed on the electrodes will be selectively transferred after the PPS sheet is removed from the work. This method has several advantages, for example, uniformity of solder bump height, availability of any solder compositions, no-need of precise arrangement between PPS sheet and the work. Especially in case of Ni-Au pads, Au will be easily dissolved in solder powder pressed on Ni-Au pad. The Au dissolved solder will show lower melting temperature than that of the solder powder originally coated on the PPS sheet. When the PPS transfer temperature is set to be higher than the melting temperature of Au dissolved solder but lower than that of the solder powder, selective transfer will be observed only between the Ni-Au pads and the solder powder due to the PPS transfer mechanism.
Characterization of boron carbide thin films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from boranes (1992)

We have fabricated boron carbide thin films on Si(111) and other substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD). The PECVD of boron carbides from nido-cage boranes, specially nido-pentaborane(9) (B5H9), and methane (CH4) is demonstrated. The band gap is closely correlated with the boron to carbon ratio and can range from 0.77 to 1.80 eV and is consistent with the thermal activation barrier of 1.25 eV for conductivity. We have made boron carbide by PECVD from pentaborane and methane that is sufficiently isotropic to obtain resistivities as large as 1010 Ω cm at room temperature. This material is also shown to be suitable for photoactive p-n heterojunction diode fabrication in combination with Si(111).
Development of patient‐controlled respiratory gating system based on visual guidance for magnetic‐resonance image‐guided radiation therapy (2017)

The developed system could improve treatment efficiency when performing respiratory-gated MR-IGRT. The VG-PC gating system could be applied to any kind of bore-type radiotherapy machine.
Improvement of selectivity during diamond growth utilizing a new process (1995)

A new process, which employs the photoresist or SiO2 as a mask, the CH4-CO2 gas mixtures as the gas source of diamond deposition, and the HF:HNO3:H2O (1:1.1:10) solution as etching solution after the first step deposition, has been developed to improve the selective growth of diamond films. The longer etching time would result in increasing the selectivity during the following step of diamond film growth. The diamond nuclei growth on the undesired region would be removed and a thin SiO2 layer would be formed using the above solution, therefore, increasing the selectivity. Scanning electron microscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis were used to examine the selective loss and morphological change for the as-grown diamond films.
Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (TOAD) (1993)

We present a new device capable of demultiplexing Tbit/s pulse trains which uses less than one picojoule switching energy and can be integrated on a chip.
An Electron-Conducting Cross-Linked Polyaniline-Based Redox Hydrogel, Formed in One Step at pH 7.2, Wires Glucose Oxidase (2007)

A polyaniline-based, electron-conducting, glucose-permeable, redox hydrogel was formed in one step at pH 7.2 by cross-linking polymer acid-templated polyaniline with a water-soluble diepoxide, poly(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether). Coimmobilization of glucose oxidase in the hydrogel, by co-cross-linking in the same step, led to the electrical wiring of the enzyme and to the formation of a glucose electrooxidation catalyst, allowing the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at a steady-state current density of 225 μA·cm-2 at 0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl.
Optimal Resource Allocation for Serverless Queries (2021)

Optimizing resource allocation for analytical workloads is vital for reducing costs of cloud-data services. At the same time, it is incredibly hard for users to allocate resources per query in serverless processing systems, and they frequently misallocate by orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, prior work focused on predicting peak allocation while ignoring aggressive trade-offs between resource allocation and run-time. Additionally, these methods fail to predict allocation for queries that have not been observed in the past. In this paper, we tackle both these problems. We introduce a system for optimal resource allocation that can predict performance with aggressive trade-offs, for both new and past observed queries. We introduce the notion of a performance characteristic curve (PCC) as a parameterized representation that can compactly capture the relationship between resources and performance. To tackle training data sparsity, we introduce a novel data augmentation technique to efficiently synthesize the entire PCC using a single run of the query. Lastly, we demonstrate the advantages of a constrained loss function coupled with GNNs, over traditional ML methods, for capturing the domain specific behavior through an extensive experimental evaluation over SCOPE big data workloads at Microsoft.
Noninvasive stress test measurement that indicates the presence of CAD (1988)

A novel technology has been developed that allows blood pressure to be more accurately measured during heavy exercise. While using computer algorithms to eliminate artifact from Korotkov sounds a systolic interval, the time from ECG (electrocardiogram) R-wave peak to the Korotkov sound onset (the RK-interval), is measured for each heart beat. When plotted against cuff pressure, the RK-interval follows a slowly varying curve. A linear regression line fitted to this curve approximates the reciprocal of the systolic slope of the pressure pulse in the brachial artery, which is correlated with dp/dt in the left ventricle. The regression line slopes were measured during treadmill stress tests at the Palo Alto Medical Clinic, and curves of slope versus heart rate were plotted for each treadmilltest. A set of shape descriptors for these curves has been developed and statistically analyzed. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were discriminated from healthy patients with an accuracy rate of approximately 80%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrating Mussel Chemistry into a Bio-Based Polymer to Create Degradable Adhesives (2017)

Adhesives releasing carcinogenic formaldehyde are almost everywhere in our homes and offices. Most of these glues are permanent, preventing disassembly and recycling of the components. New materials are thus needed to bond and debond without releasing reactive pollutants. In order to develop the next generation of advanced adhesives we have turned to biology for inspiration. The bonding chemistry of mussel proteins was combined with preformed poly(lactic acid), a bio-based polymer, by utilizing side reactions of Sn(oct)2, to create catechol-containing copolymers. Structure–function studies revealed that bulk adhesion was comparable to that of several petroleum-based commercial glues. Bonds could then be degraded in a controlled fashion, separating substrates gradually using mild hydrolysis conditions. These results show that biomimetic design principles can bring about the next generation of adhesive materials. Such new copolymers may help replace permanent materials with renewable and degradable adhesives that do not create chronic exposure to toxins.
Development of an efficient, low-NOx domestic gas-range cooktop. Phase 2. Annual report, January 1984-December 1984 (1985)

The objective of the program is to develop a domestic cooktop with low NOx emissions and higher efficiency. During the first phase of the program, a developmental prototype incorporating four IR-Jet burners was assembled. The report describes the work performed during the second phase of the program and covers optimization, and testing of the developmental prototype and design, fabrication and testing of the field-test prototype.
Hyaluronic Acid-Based Microgels and Microgel Networks for Vocal Fold Regeneration (2006)

Vocal fold scarring disrupts the viscoelastic properties of the lamina propria that are critical for normal phonation. There is a clinical need for the development of advanced biomaterials that approximate the mechanical properties of the lamina propria for in vivo vocal fold regeneration. We have developed hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microgels and cross-linked microgel networks with tunable degradation and mechanical properties. HA microgels were prepared by cross-linking HA derivatives carrying hydrazide (HAADH) and aldehyde (HAALD) functionalities within the inverse emulsion droplets. Alternatively, poly(ethylene glycol) dialdehyde (PEGDiALD) was employed in place of HAALD. Microgels based on HAADH/HAALD are more resistant to enzymatic degradation than those generated from HAADH/PEGDiALD. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using vocal fold fibroblasts indicate that microgels synthesized from HAADH/HAALD are essentially nontoxic, whereas microgels derived from HAADH/PEGDiALD exhibit certain adverse effects on the cultured cells at high concentration (> or =2 mg/mL). These microgels exhibit residual functional groups that can be used as reactive handles for covalent conjugation of therapeutic molecules. The presence of residual functional groups also allows for subsequent cross-linking of the microgels with other reactive polymers, giving rise to doubly cross-linked networks (DXNs) with tunable viscoelasticity. Mechanical measurements using a torsional wave apparatus indicate that HA-based DXNs exhibit elastic moduli that are similar to those of vocal fold lamina propria at frequencies close to the range of human phonation. These HA-based microgel systems are promising candidates for the treatment of vocal fold scarring, not just as biocompatible filler materials, but as smart entities that can repair focal defects, smooth the vocal fold margin, and potentially soften and dissolve scar tissue.
Cationic Iridium Complexes Bearing Imidazol-2-ylidene Ligands as Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts (2001)

The synthesis and characterization by X-ray crystallography of the complexes [Ir(cod)(py)(L)]PF6 (L = IMes, 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (2); L = IPr, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (3); L = ICy, 1,3-bis(cyclohexyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (4)) are reported. Complexes 2−4 have been employed as catalysts for transfer hydrogenation reactions from 2-propanol to a number of unsaturated substrates and their activity compared with that of the related cationic iridium(I) species [Ir(cod)(py)(SIMes)]PF6 (1), [Ir(cod)(py)(PCy3)]PF6 (5), and complexes formed in situ from [Ir(cod)(py)2]PF6 and diazabutadienes (RNCHCHNR, DAB-R; R = cyclohexyl, DAB-Cy; R = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, DAB-Mes; R = adamantyl, DAB-Ad; R = 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, DAB-trimethoxyphenyl). All complexes tested were found to be active catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones, with complex 4 displaying the highest activity. Complex 4 also exhibits moderate activity toward simple olefins and an aromatic nitro compound.
A subjective survey of user experience for data applications for future cellular wireless networks (2002)

We present results from a subjective survey of user experience for data applications in future cellular wireless networks. Using a network emulator, we tested various computing scenarios with different channel sharing schemes (dedicated and shared bandwidth), computing models (local processing with remote files and thin-client server based computing), applications (Web browsing, MS Word, and MS Power Point), and devices (laptops and palm devices). Subjective quality ratings (1 to 5) from 100+ users were collected to obtain an average quality score for the user experience in each scenario. They are used to generate a set of utility curves based on channel rate and number of users sharing the system. Our survey results show that, with laptop-type devices, the preferred computing model changes with the application, and may also change as the available bandwidth changes. For palm devices, the ability to handle general computing tasks is primarily limited by the display and is not sensitive to the wireless channel conditions.