gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Pipeline Welding Technologies for Strain-Based Design (2016)

In order to meet the increasing worldwide energy demand, there is a need to economically develop remote oil and gas resources. Construction of pipelines is required to connect these resource locations to markets. Such pipeline routes may cross areas of large ground motions such as regions of active seismicity, discontinuous permafrost, and offshore ice gouging. All of these features can subject pipelines to significant longitudinal strains. For these conditions a strain-based design (SBD) approach may be required to maintain pipeline integrity. Welding technology is a key component of pipeline construction. Significant pipeline construction cost savings are enabled with the use of higher strength steels (X80+). Higher strengths enable reduced pipe wall thicknesses, which reduces both weight and girth welding time. However, robust welding technology for high strength SBD pipelines remains challenging. Such applications demand welds with both high strength (&gt;120ksi) and low temperature (−15°C) toughness, combinations that are at the limits of, or beyond, existing commercial technology. This paper discusses the development of an enabling welding technology which offers a superior combination of strength and toughness properties. An iron-nickel (FeNi) martensitic weld metal with a refined mixed cellular microstructure has been developed as a promising high strength weld metal that can be applied for field pipeline construction. This paper describes how this technology has been applied to create welds for X80 strain-based pipelines requiring significant weld strength overmatch and superior ductile tearing resistance. The welding technology can also be applied to X70 grade strain-based pipelines where high toughness is required. This approach has been developed for mainline girth, tie-in girth, and girth repair welding scenarios. Welding procedures are discussed and examples of the mechanical properties achieved and calculated strain capacities are described.
Spectroscopic study of terahertz difference-frequency nonlinear susceptibility in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2016)

We present a detailed spectroscopic study of terahertz difference-frequency nonlinear susceptibility in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers using a room temperature broadly tunable double-Littrow external-cavity laser system. Experimental observation of optical rectification process in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers is presented for the first time.
DC-Bias and Power Allocation in Cooperative VLC Networks for Joint\n Information and Energy Transfer (2018)

Visible light communications (VLC) have emerged as strong candidates for\nmeeting the escalating demand for high data rates. Consider a VLC network,\nwhere multiple access-points (APs) serve both energy-harvesting users (EHUs),\ni.e., users which harvest energy from light intensity, and information-users\n(IUs), i.e., users which gather data information. In order to jointly balance\nthe achievable sum-rate at the IUs and the energy harvested by the EHUs, the\npaper considers maximizing a network-wide utility, which consists of a\nweighted-sum of the IUs sum-rate and the EHUs harvested energy, subject to\nindividual IU rate constraint, individual EHU harvested-energy constraint, and\nAP power constraints, so as to jointly determine the direct current (DC)-bias\nvalue at each AP, and the users powers. The paper solves such a difficult\nnon-convex optimization problem using an iterative approach which relies on\ninner convex approximations, and compensates for the used approximations using\nproper outer-loop updates. The paper further considers solving the special\ncases of the problem, i.e., maximizing the sum-rate, and maximizing the total\nharvested-energy, both subject to the same constraints. Numerical results\nhighlight the significant performance improvement of the proposed algorithms,\nand illustrate the impacts of the network parameters on the performance\ntrade-off between the sum-rate and harvested-energy.\n
Agile multiple-pulse coherent lidar for range and micro-Doppler measurement (1998)

A novel high time-bandwidth product waveform lidar has been developed. The lidar operates at the eyesafe 2 micrometers wavelength and produces a sequence of two or more cavity- dumped pulselets with a controllable intra-pulse spacing. The number of and spacing for the individual pulselets is adjusted to match the target and atmospheric characteristics. This waveform agility enables the sensor to operate at very long stand-off ranges. Performance predictions and results from recent field demonstrations are described.
Blind Change Detection for Audio Segmentation (2006)

Automatic segmentation of audio streams according to speaker identities and environmental and channel conditions has become an important preprocessing step for speech recognition, speaker recognition, and audio data mining. In most previous approaches, the automatic segmentation was evaluated in terms of the performance of the final system, like the word error rate for speech recognition systems. In many applications, like online audio indexing, and information retrieval systems, the actual boundaries of the segments are required. We present an approach based on the cumulative sum (CuSum) algorithm for automatic segmentation which minimizes the missing probability for a given false alarm rate. We compare the CuSum algorithm to the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) algorithm, and a generalization of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for automatic segmentation of audio streams. We present a two-step variation of the three algorithms which improves the performance significantly. We present also a novel approach that combines hypothesized boundaries from the three algorithms to achieve the final segmentation of the audio stream. Our experiments, on the 1998 Hub4 broadcast news, show that a variation of the CuSum algorithm significantly outperforms the other two approaches and that combining the three approaches using a voting scheme improves the performance slightly compared to using the a two-step variation of the CuSum algorithm alone.
<title>High Efficiency Multifacet Holographic Optical Elements For Image Formation</title> (1983)

In this paper we describe the use of a multifacet holographic optical element which utilizes nearly all the energy in an incident Gaussian laser beam to form a gray tone output pattern or image.
DEVELOPMENT OF DRIVER'S ALERTNESS MONITORING SYSTEM (1996)

As vehicles become more comfortable and easy to drive, there is an increasing need for systems to detect lapses in driver's alertness and issue warnings when necessary. To determine decreases in a driver's alertness from vehicle operation and behavior, the authors deduced the meandering rate, monotony value and steering operation amount from a variety of data and constructed a system predicated on these three factors. With this system, the meandering rate is determined from the positions of white lines on the road ahead as seen by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera mounted in the cabin. The monotony value is determined from the frequency of turn signal, exhaust brake, and gear shift operations. The steering operation amount is represented by total corrective steering inputs over a fixed time period. To determine the driver's alertness level from these three factors, the system uses fuzzy logic. Once calculated, the driver's alertness level is displayed on the instrument panel together with any variations in the level which may have taken place during the past ten minutes. The driver can thus verify decreases in alertness at a glance. Warnings are issued visually and audibly at two threshold alertness levels. A lane deviation alarm is activated when the driver's alertness has decreased to a predetermined level or lower. The system was subjected to 100 continuous operation tests, each of 2 to 4 hours in duration. In these tests, alertness levels calculated by the system closely corresponded with actual levels of alertness as represented by the duration of blinking on the part of the driver, and it was confirmed that proper and timely warnings were issued.
Exploratory Data Analysis in SAP IQ Using Query-Time Sampling (2021)

As businesses continue to consume and produce ever-growing volumes of data, exploratory data analysis (EDA) is becoming an integral part of everyday operations. While online analytical processing (OLAP) systems in general - and column-oriented relational database management systems (RDBMS) in particular - are equipped with powerful tools to plough through petabytes of data, analytical queries may take seconds to execute, which is not always desirable in exploratory data analysis. Data scientists often need tools for fast visualization of data, and they are interested in identifying subsets of data that need further drilling-down before running computationally expensive analytical functions. In this paper, we describe our early work on extending SAP IQ (a disk-based columnar RDBMS) to support approximate query processing for exploratory data analysis using a technique known as query-time sampling. Specifically, we introduce two classes of novel samplers: (i) a stratified sampler with randomized row access to address the early-row bias problem in sampling, and (ii) hash-based equi-join samplers that are outlier-aware. We demonstrate how SAP IQ's polymorphic table function (PTF) technology can be utilized to implement these samplers as new query plan operators.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐METHYLANGELICINS: A NEW SERIES OF POTENTIAL PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Verbindungen (I) werden die Tricyclen (III), (IV), (VI) und (VII) dargestellt.
Neural engineering utility with adaptive algorithms (2002)

The neural engineering utility with adaptive algorithms (NEUWAA) is a machine-based intelligence system for automatic test equipment, which integrates various technologies in an adaptive fault-detection environment. Computer enhancements and mathematical algorithms allow for the use of man-machine and intelligent applications. The human/machine interface optimizes the test environment by providing state-of-the-art adaptive algorithms to streamline test sequences and diagnostics. NEUWAA employs state-of-the-art diagnostics methodologies coupled with self-organizing evolution to provide an efficient test environment at any level. Highlighted visual images with dialogue of the unit under test provide interactive fault-isolation including guided-probe sequences to streamline fault/diagnosis. The system is completely interoperable with all other standard software packages. This paper outlines the neural engineering utility with adaptive algorithms system including its various characteristics and the techniques involved in its creation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-pressure gas sensor exploiting the Knudsen thermal force: DSMC modeling and experimental validation (2016)

We present performance modeling and experimental validation of a novel MEMS vacuum gas sensor based on the Knudsen thermal force. Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) modeling of thermally-driven gas flow and force measurements show a non-monotonic dependence on ambient pressure, peaking at a Knudsen number on the order of unity. Combining force dependence on pressure with the monotonically varying heat transfer rate allows both ambient pressure and species concentration to be determined if the constituents are known. The DSMC modeling also shows that thermal gradients between the shuttle and heater induce complex vortical flow structures that could be applied to control mixing/separation in gas-phase microfluidic devices.
Laser welding copper with hight power CW blue laser (2017)

This paper will report the bead on plate test results with a 275 Watt Continuous Wave blue laser, for welding Copper foils up to 500 µm thick, and the bead on plate test results for a 500 Watt Continuous Wave blue laser up to a 1 mm thickness. The high absorption (∼65%) at this wavelength enables both the conduction mode and keyhole mode welding regimes resulting in highly stable weld puddles. Metallurgical analysis of the weld beads will be presented and clearly shows the transition between conduction mode welding and keyhole mode welding of the Copper as well as minimal porosity and no gaps in the weld bead due to melt ejection. The conduction mode welding process results in a micro-structure that is nearly identical to the base material. The weld bead exhibits a uniform Vickers hardness similar to the base material through the heat affected zone. The keyhole mode is observed with a characteristic “hourglass” shape but the micro-structure is significantly different than the base material as observed in deep penetration welds. Welding of multiple layers of thin Copper was demonstrated for both the conduction mode and keyhole mode welding processes. The stability of the weld puddle during the process results in minimal ejection of molten material producing virtually no spatter on the surface of the part being welded. The high coupling efficiency of this wavelength makes the blue laser the ideal source for stably welding these highly reflective materials.
Vertical InGaN light-emitting diode with a retained patterned sapphire layer (2012)

We present an efficient vertical InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) in which the proposed vertical LEDs were fabricated with patterned sapphire substrates (PSS) using thinning techniques. After the thinning of sapphire substrate, selective dry etching process was performed on the remainder sapphire layer to expose the n-GaN contact layer instead of removing the sapphire substrate using the laser lift-off technique. These processes feature the LEDs with a sapphire-face-up structure and vertical conduction property. The PSS was adopted as a growth substrate to mitigate the light-guided effect, and thereby increase the light-extraction efficiency. Compared with conventional lateral GaN LEDs grown on PSS, the proposed vertical LEDs exhibit a higher light output power and less power degradation at a high driving current. This could be attributed to the fact that the vertical LEDs behave in a manner similar to flip-chip GaN/sapphire LEDs with excellent heat conduction.
Petrophysical Inversion of Resistivity Logging Data (2000)

Abstract Inversion is a powerful tool for interpreting resistivity-logging data in complex situations, such as deep invasion, high conductive shoulders, thin beds, anisotropic formations, and highly deviated and horizontal wells. Inversion also provides a general means to interpret data from earlier, unfocused resistivity tools as well as the new generation of array-type instruments, allowing for accurate delineation of the resistivity structure. Although, in most cases, inversion produces solutions that are consistent with petrophysics and geology, there are occasions where consistency is not achieved. In order to address these inconsistencies, we have developed a petrophysical inversion algorithm that involves gamma ray, neutron, density, acoustic, and resistivity data in a single, unified interpretation process. The steps in the interpretation process consist of estimating bed boundary positions from all available measurements, including gamma ray, neutron, density, and resistivity data, using a weighted inflection point method. Bed boundary positions are then adjusted using the tool response functions associated with the various instruments involved and integrated to produce a consistent set of bed boundaries, which best represents the subsurface geology and lithology. Next, upper and lower bounds for formation resistivity and flushed zone resistivity are estimated using an appropriate water saturation equation. Input for resistivity bound estimation includes shale volume, porosity, as well as the possible range of variation for water saturation, formation water resistivity, and shale resistivity. The resistivity bounds are incorporated into the inversion algorithm via an outside penalty function added to the original objective function of the optimization. The proposed inversion algorithm utilizes a generic objective function including a reference model and data weighting based on uncertainties. Furthermore, a first-order spatial-finite difference operator has been built into the objective function to eliminate unrealistic oscillations in the inversion results. A field case example shows that the proposed inversion process can effectively handle systematic noise in the data caused by borehole washouts and inappropriate bed boundary positioning, and generates petrophysically meaningful inversion results.
The barley lectin carboxyl-terminal propeptide is a vacuolar protein sorting determinant in plants. (1991)

We have previously shown that the 15-amino acid carboxyl-terminal propeptide of probarley lectin is necessary for the proper sorting of this protein to the plant vacuole. A mutant form of the protein lacking the carboxyl-terminal propeptide is secreted. To test whether the carboxyl-terminal propeptide is the vacuole sorting determinant of probarley lectin, we examined in transgenic tobacco the processing and sorting of a series of fusion proteins containing the secreted protein, cucumber chitinase, and regions of probarley lectin. Pulse-labeling experiments demonstrated that the fusion proteins were properly translocated through the tobacco secretory system and that cucumber chitinase and cucumber chitinase fusion proteins lacking the carboxyl-terminal propeptide were secreted. The cucumber chitinase fusion protein containing the carboxyl-terminal propeptide was properly processed and sorted to the vacuole in transgenic tobacco as confirmed by organelle fractionation and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry. Therefore, the barley lectin carboxyl-terminal propeptide is both necessary and sufficient for protein sorting to the plant vacuole.
Androgen Regulation of the Human Ornithine Decarboxylase Promoter in Prostate Cancer Cells (1998)

We studied the response of the human ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) promoter to androgen in human prostate cancer cell lines. In the well-differentiated, androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer line LNCaP, a genomic ODC promoter fragment that includes putative androgen response elements was suppressed by androgen. In contrast, the androgen-regulated probasin promoter was induced by androgens. The ODC promoter was also induced by cotransfected androgen receptor in the poorly differentiated, androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer cell line PPC-1. We examined the effects of cotransfected mutant androgen receptors containing the LNCaP mutation or DNA-binding mutations. All cotransfected androgen receptors switched the ODC androgen response from suppression to induction in LNCaP cells. Gel-shift and DNA footprint assays demonstrated androgen receptor binding to an ODC sequence that does not contain a consensus androgen response element. Deletion of the sequence abolished androgen suppression of the ODC promoter. We propose a model of pleiotropic gene regulation by androgen that requires a regulatory balance between androgen receptor and a transcription factor binding to the nonconsensus androgen response element.
An asymmetric electrostatic lens for field-emission microprobe applications (1979)

The properties of a physically asymmetric three-element electrostatic lens have been calculated numerically for voltage-symmetric and voltage-asymmetric cases. The lens has low chromatic aberration, Cc∞/f &lt; 0.5, when operated in the voltage-asymmetric mode with voltage ratios Vfinal/Vinitial as low as 2. Calculations of beam diameter versus current with realistic field electron emission parameters of dI/dΩ=1 mA sr−1 and ΔE=2 eV at 5 kV emitter voltage show that at 30-kV final-beam voltage 250 nA current could be focused into a 0.25-μm spot at 5 cm working distance, with an emitter-lens separation of 1.5 cm. It is shown that while the two-element immersion lens is inappropriate for high-current microprobe applications, the three-element asymmetric lens is well suited for this work.
Recombinant Protein-Stabilized Monodisperse Microbubbles with Tunable Size Using a Valve-Based Microfluidic Device (2014)

Microbubbles are used as contrast enhancing agents in ultrasound sonography and more recently have shown great potential as theranostic agents that enable both diagnostics and therapy. Conventional production methods lead to highly polydisperse microbubbles, which compromise the effectiveness of ultrasound imaging and therapy. Stabilizing microbubbles with surfactant molecules that can impart functionality and properties that are desirable for specific applications would enhance the utility of microbubbles. Here we generate monodisperse microbubbles with a large potential for functionalization by combining a microfluidic method and recombinant protein technology. Our microfluidic device uses an air-actuated membrane valve that enables production of monodisperse microbubbles with narrow size distribution. The size of microbubbles can be precisely tuned by dynamically changing the dimension of the channel using the valve. The microbubbles are stabilized by an amphiphilic protein, oleosin, which provides versatility in controlling the functionalization of microbubbles through recombinant biotechnology. We show that it is critical to control the composition of the stabilizing agents to enable formation of highly stable and monodisperse microbubbles that are echogenic under ultrasound insonation. Our protein-shelled microbubbles based on the combination of microfluidic generation and recombinant protein technology provide a promising platform for ultrasound-related applications.
Analytical prediction of sound transmission through automotive door seal systems (1996)

A finite element-based acoustic-structure interaction modeling procedure is developed to determine the sound transmission loss characteristics of automotive door seals. The model accounts for the effects of seal system compression, the density and constitutive behavior of the materials used in the seal construction, individual seal cross-sectional geometry, and spacing between layers of seals. The results of a sensitivity analysis conducted using the modeling procedure reveals that the overall transmission loss of door seal systems is most sensitive to changes in: seal material density, geometry of the seal in the compressed deformed configuration, and geometry of the cavities formed by the space between seals of adjoining layers. An important implication arising from the sensitivity analysis for the design of door systems for closing efforts is that, without changing seal system compression load deflection behavior, the sound transmission characteristics may be altered substantially by changing the spacing between layers of seals in the system. The results of the sensitivity study and an application to a prototype door seal system demonstrate that the new modeling procedure can be used to effectively eliminate much of the ‘‘cut and try’’ from the present process of designing door seal systems.