gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dual constant‐composition titration system as an <i>in vitro</i> resorption model for comparing dissolution rates of calcium phosphate biomaterials (2003)

It has been postulated that the in vivo resorption rates of calcium-phosphate bone-graft materials are closely related to their dissolution rates in demineralizing solutions having ionic compositions mimicking the acidic environment produced by osteoclasts. Thus, it should be possible to use an in vitro model to produce dissolution-rate data of calcium-phosphate materials as a starting point for predicting in vivo resorption properties. Direct pH measurements of the extracellular fluid from bone-resorbing cells showed that the pH was as low as 3. In the present study, a dual constant-composition dissolution system was used as an in vitro resorption model to compare dissolution rates of different calcium-phosphate materials. NIST standard reference hydroxyapatite (HA), dicalcium-phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and calcium-phosphate cement (CPC) discs of known dimensions (6-mm d x 3-mm h) were allowed to dissolve at 37 degrees C in a solution that had an inorganic composition similar to that of serum ([Ca] = 1.15 mmol/l; [P] = 1.2 mmol/l; [KCl] = 133 mmol/l) and a pH of 3.0. A Ca ion-specific electrode and a pH electrode were used to control the addition of titrants to compensate for the increases in calcium and phosphate concentrations, respectively, in the demineralizing solution. The rate and stoichiometry (Ca/P molar ratio) of dissolution were obtained from the titration data. Each solid dissolved at an approximately constant rate during the dissolution process. The dissolution rates, expressed in mg cm(-2) min(-1), (mean +/- standard deviation, n = 5) were for HA: 6.58 +/- 1.22; DCPD: 21.0 +/- 2.6; and CPC: 8.21 +/- 0.73. DCPD dissolved three times faster than HA (p < 0.05). CPC dissolved 1.2 times faster than HA but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). This model can be used to study the rate and stoichiometry of dissolution of calcium-phosphate bone-graft materials and coatings under a wide range of mineral saturation conditions.
Detection of mammary tumor virus env gene-like sequences in human breast cancer. (1995)

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has been related to human breast cancer (BC) in previous studies. Although suggestive sequence homology to MMTV has been described in BC DNA, the presence of human endogenous retroviruses (HERs) confounded these results. We have selected a 660-bp sequence of the MMTV env gene with very low homology to HER or to any other human or viral gene. We have searched for sequences homologous to it using the polymerase chain reaction. DNA was extracted from fresh or frozen tissues using primers and probes constructed to detect 660 bp; for paraffin-embedded tissues, we sought 250-bp sequences by similar methodology. The 660-bp sequence was detected in 121 (38.5%) of the 314 unselected BC samples, in cultured BC cells, in 2 (6.9%) of 29 breast fibroadenomas and in 2 (1.8%) of 107 breast specimens from reduction mammoplastias. The sequence was not found in normal tissues including breast, lymphocytes from BC patients, nor in other human cancers or cell lines. The 250-bp sequence was detected in 60 (39.7%) of the 151 BCs, and in 1 of 27 normal breast samples assayed from paraffin-embedded sections. Cloning and sequencing of the 660 bp and 250 bp demonstrated that they are 95-99% homologous to MMTV env gene, but not to the known HERs nor to other viral or human genes (< 18%). Southern blot analysis using labeled cloned sequences showed that the 660-bp sequences were present in low copy number as a 7-8-kb EcoRI fragment only in breast cancer samples and two breast cancer cell lines that were positive by PCR. These data indicate that 38-40% of human breast cancers contain gene sequences homologous to the MMTV env gene that are absent from other tumors and tissues. These MMTV env gene-like sequences may play a role in the etiology of a large proportion of human breast cancer.
Holes in the valence band of superconducting boron-doped diamond film studied by soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy (2004)

Carbon- and boron-2$p$ states of superconducting and non-superconducting boron-doped diamond samples are measured using soft X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy. For the superconducting sample, a large density of hole states is observed in the valence band in addition to the states in the impurity band. The hole states in the valence band is located at about 1.3 eV below the valence band maximum regardless of the doping level, which cannot be interpreted within a simple rigid band model. Present experimental results, combined with the first principles calculations, suggest that superconductivity is to be attributed to the holes in the valence band.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new thiazolo [5,4-f]quinazolines as serine/threonine kinases inhibitors (2015)

In our continuous effort aiming at preparing novel heterocyclic scaffolds able to modulate the activity of kinases in signal transduction, thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolines were particularly studied. This presentation describes a novel strategy for a convenient structure-activity-relationship study towards five serine/threonine kinases (CDK1/cyclin B, CDK5/p25, DYRK1A, CK1, and GSK-3α/β) involved in Alzheimer’s disease. The chemical highlight of this work was the use of Appel salt (4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride) for the conception of 6-amino-2-cyanobenzo[d]thiazole-7-carboxylate derivatives as a versatile molecular platform from the 5-nitroanthranilic acid. Thus, introduction of various aliphatic, aromatic or amino substituents at position 8 was best achieved by one-pot DMFDMA-mediated cyclisation. Transformation of carbonitrile group into various chemical functions (e.g. imidate, ester, amidine...) allowed the efficient preparation of a library of novel thiazoloquinazoline derivatives. The first biological results have identified great and selective inhibition against DYRK1A and DYRK1B. The more active compounds are imidate derivatives exhibiting inhibitory activity in a subnanomolar range against DYRK1A.
Self-tracking solar concentrator with an acceptance angle of 32° (2014)

Solar concentration has the potential to decrease the cost associated with solar cells by replacing the receiving surface aperture with cheaper optics that concentrate light onto a smaller cell aperture. However a mechanical tracker has to be added to the system to keep the concentrated light on the size reduced solar cell at all times. The tracking device itself uses energy to follow the sun's position during the day. We have previously shown a mechanism for self-tracking that works by making use of the infrared energy of the solar spectrum, to activate a phase change material. In this paper, we show an implementation of a working 53 x 53 mm(2) selftracking system with an acceptance angle of 32 degrees (+/- 16 degrees). This paper describes the design optimizations and upscaling process to extend the proof-of-principle self-tracking mechanism to a working demonstration device including the incorporation of custom photodiodes for system characterization. The current version demonstrates an effective concentration of 3.5x (compared to 8x theoretical) over 80% of the desired acceptance angle. Further improvements are expected to increase the efficiency of the system and open the possibility to expand the device to concentrations as high as 200x (C-geo = 400x, eta = 50%, for a solar cell matched spectrum). (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
The Nuclear Receptor Interacting Factor-3 Transcriptional Coregulator Mediates Rapid Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells through Direct and Bystander-Mediated Events (2007)

We previously reported that amino acids 20 to 50 of nuclear receptor interacting factor-3 mediates rapid apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines but not in cells derived from other tissues. We refer to this short region as death domain-1 (DD1). Small interfering RNA studies indicated that DD1-mediated apoptosis is caspase-2 dependent. In this study, we examined DD1-mediated apoptosis in more detail and generated stable caspase-2 knockdown breast cancer cells. These cells are resistant to DD1-mediated apoptosis. Time-lapse movies suggested that DD1-mediated apoptosis also leads to a "bystander effect." We found that within 5 h of DD1 expression, breast cancer cells release a factor(s) into the medium that leads to apoptosis of naive breast cancer cells or DD1-resistant cells (e.g., HeLa). The DD1-expressing caspase-2 knockdown cells also release a factor(s) that kills other cells, indicating that this effect is not dependent on the apoptogenic process. The bystander effect seems dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These and other studies indicate that DD1 expression in breast cancer cells leads to at least two death signals: one involving the rapid production of ROS and/or other soluble factors that directly or indirectly leads to a bystander effect and a second caspase-2-dependent process that leads to apoptosis in cells in which DD1 is expressed.
A DASH-Based Adaptive Multiple Sensorial Content Delivery Solution for Improved User Quality of Experience (2019)

Increasing number of researchers are focusing on the emerging communication technologies which enrich user perceived quality of experience by involving vision, auditory, tactile, olfaction, gustatory, and other senses. However, there are multiple challenges related to using multiple sensorial media (i.e., mulsemedia), including synchronization with the traditional multimedia content and delivery over diverse network environments. This paper proposes MulseDASH, a novel multiple sensorial media content delivery solutions based on the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP standard (DASH). MulseDASH is described and evaluated in a real test-bed in terms of the effectiveness of its adaptive streaming and synchronization mechanisms. The extensive testing involving both network emulation and subjective assessment experiments shows how MulseDASH performs an excellent real-time streaming adjustment to match network conditions and improves user quality of experience.
A new subaperture approach for real‐time SAR processing (1991)

Abstract A novel, subaperture approach for high quality SAR processing has been developed at DLR. This approach is based on dividing the received SAR signal (range or azimuth direction) into small subapertures, allowing a quadratic phase variation of up to_ 115° within one subaperture. With a simple linear correction of the phase variation, the correlation process in each subaperture is reduced to an up/down frequency conversion followed by two moving average operations. By adding all the subapertures coherently, a high resolution impulse response function is obtained, which leads to the same image quality as with the conventional matched filter method. Due to the reduced amount of computation and the subaperture structure, this new approach is especially suitable for real‐time SAR processing while providing flexibility to multi‐look processing and auto‐focus. The concept of a high resolution real‐time SAR processor for the DLR's airborne E‐SAR system is discussed and a simulation result for evaluating the performance of the proposed algorithm is shown.
Stabilizing clays with potassium hydroxide (1983)

A new potassium hydroxide treatment, when properly designed and applied to clay-sensitive sandstone formations, will effectively and permanently stabilize clays and will prevent reduced oil production caused by changes in salt compositions of oil field brines. The potassium hydroxide treatment for stabilizing clays is applicable to a wide range of formation temperatures and mineralogies. The treatment consists of slow injection of a single aqueous solution containing potassium hydroxide, along with a soft water preflush and postflush. During laboratory flooding experiments in clay-sensitive sandstone, the treatment effectively stabilized clays and greatly diminished the tendency of fresh water to reduce permeability. Also, during laboratory floods, the treatment generated little, and often no, treatment-induced permeability damage. Treatment effectiveness depends on potassium hydroxide concentration, formation temperature, and treatment-fluid/sandstone contact time. For a studied clay-sensitive sandstone at its 185/sup 0/F (85/sup 0/C) formation temperature, optimum conditions were determined to be about 15-wt% potassium hydroxide and about 16-hours contact time. Potassium hydroxide clay stabilization results from caustic interacting irreversibly with clays in the presence of potassium ions. Potassium hydroxide ''permanently'' alters the silicate chemistry of clays so as to render them insensitive to fresh water. The concepts and procedures for evaluating clay-stabilization treatments via laboratory floodingmore » experiments are discussed.« less
Confirmation of Legionella pneumophila cultures with a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody (1985)

We compared a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody directed against an outer membrane protein of Legionella pneumophila (Genetic Systems Corp. [GSC], Seattle, Wash.) with a similarly labeled polyclonal reagent (L. pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, poly; BioDx, Inc., Denville, N.J.) for the confirmation of L. pneumophila isolates grown in culture. Duplicate suspensions of 52 organisms, including 21 L. pneumophila and 8 non-L. pneumophila species of legionella, were placed on individual glass slides, fixed, and stained with both reagents, and the results were compared. Both antisera correctly identified all L. pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, but only the GSC reagent produced definitive staining of the L. pneumophila isolates of serogroups 7, 8, and 9. Additionally, the GSC reagent produced more uniform staining patterns around the legionella bacilli and displayed little background fluorescence when compared with the BioDx reagent.
Development of a Water Purification System using Superconducting Magnetic Separation (2011)

This study presents a newly developed superconducting magnetic separation system capable of continuous operation without interruption of feed-water owing to its unique structure, consisting of a continuously rotating disk-type magnetic filter and solenoid-type superconducting magnet. The continuously rotating disk-type magnetic filter, which is installed outwardly from the center axis of the magnet bore, is mounted on the cryostat and the superconducting magnet is energized using a permanent current switch, which consumes less electric power. This structure enables provision of a continuous operation system with high-speed and energy-saving separation treatment. We carried out a field test for two years including continuous operation for 1,000 hours. The test plant constructed had a capacity of 500 m3/day in order to study the possibility of applying the system for the purification of polluted lake and river water. The results show that the system has good performance, evidenced by a phosphorous removal rate of more than 85% and a suspended solid removal rate of less than 5 mg/L at a separation speed of 0.1 m/s. This system was found to be capable of being used practically for water pollution purification.
WACA: Wearable-Assisted Continuous Authentication (2018)

One-time login process in conventional authentication systems does not guarantee that the identified user is the actual user throughout the session. However, it is necessary to re-verify the user identity periodically throughout a login session, which is lacking in existing one-time login systems. In this paper, we introduce a usable and reliable Wearable-Assisted Continuous Authentication (WACA), which relies on the sensor-based keystroke dynamics and the authentication data is acquired through the built-in sensors of a wearable (e.g., smartwatch) while the user is typing. The acquired data is periodically and transparently compared with the registered profile of the initially logged-in user with one-way classifiers. With this, WACA continuously ensures that the current user is the user who logged in initially. We implemented the WACA framework and evaluated its performance on real devices with real users. The empirical evaluation of WACA reveals that WACA is feasible and its error rate is as low as 1% with 30 seconds of processing time and 2 - 3% for 20 seconds. The computational overhead is minimal. Furthermore, WACA is capable of identifying insider threats with very high accuracy (99.2%).
All-Optical Swapping of Digital Lightpath Labels (2008)

We describe a new method of swapping digital lightpath labels, by selective inversion of blocks of bits. All-optical label swapping is demonstrated using an SOA-MZI regenerator, optically switched from inverting to non-inverting operation.
Molecular Characterization of Dopamine Receptors (1990)

The D1 and D2 dopamine receptors have been biochemically characterized using specific probes based on the subtype selective antagonists SCH 23390 and spiperone, respectively. The D2 dopamine receptor was identified from several tissues by photoaffinity labeling and was purified from bovine anterior pituitary to homogeneity using a combination of affinity, lectin and hydroxylapatite chromatography. A complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding a rat brain D2 dopamine receptor has been cloned via low stringency hybridization using a portion of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor gene as a probe. Photoaffinity crosslinking and affinity chromatography have also been used to identify and purify the rat brain D1 dopamine receptor.
22-nm lithography using near-field x rays (2003)

By using the Near Field in Proximity X-ray Lithography (PXL), the technique is demonstrated that extends beyond a resolution of 25 nm print featuer size with 2:1 pitch to line width. "Demagnification by bias" of clear mask features is positively used in Fresnel diffraction together with multiple exposures of sharp peaks. Exposures are performed without lenses or mirrors between mask and wafer, and the "demagnification" is achieved in the selectable range 1X to 9X. Pitch is kept small by multiple, stepped exposures of sharp, intense, image peaks followed by single development. Low pitch nested lines are demonstrated. The optical field is kep compact at the mask. Since the mask-wafer gap scales as the square of the mask feature size, mask feature sizes and mask-wafer gaps are comparatively large. Because the features are themselves larger, the masks are more easily manufactured. Meanwhile exposure times, for development levels high on sharp peaks, are short, and there are further benefits including defect reduction. Many devices, including batches of microprocessors, have been demonstrated previously by traditional 1X PXL which is the most mature of the Next Generation Lithographies and which is now further extended. For 2D Near field patterning, temporal and spatial incoherence at the Critical Condition are used to show, not only that peculiarities in the aerial pattern, such as "ripple" and "bright spots", can be virtually eliminated, but also that there is an optimum demagnification, around 3X, in the Fresnel diffraction, where the contrast is highest. At this demagnification, patterns of various dimensions can be printed using various and appropriate demagnifications.
Ultrasensitive biomolecular assays with amplifying nanowire FET biosensors (2013)

In this paper, we review our recent development and validation of the ultrasensitive electronic biomolecular assays enabled by our novel amplifying nanowire field-effect transistor (nwFET) biosensors. Our semiconductor nwFET biosensor platform technology performs extreme proximity signal amplification in the electrical domain that requires neither labeling nor enzymes nor optics. We have designed and fabricated the biomolecular assay prototypes and developed the corresponding analytical procedures. We have also confirmed their analytical performance in quantitating key protein biomarker in human serum, demonstrating an ultralow limit of detection and concurrently high output current level for the first time.
Augmented Region-Growing-Based Motion Tracking Using Bayesian Inference For Quasi-Static Ultrasound Elastography (2020)

Tissue motion tracking is a critically important step for many ultrasound elastography applications. In this study, we are particularly interested in evaluating motion tracking strategies for large deformation quasi-static elastography. In this study, Bayesian inference is incorporated into a region-growing motion estimation framework and we named the proposed tracking algorithm as a region-growing Bayesian motion tracking (RGBMT) algorithm. Basically, we replace signal correlation by a maximum posterior probability density function to perform motion tracking. Using a computer-simulated phantom and one set of human subject ultrasound data with pathologically-confirmed breast cancer, the proposed RGBMT algorithm was compared to the original region-growing motion tracking algorithm. Our preliminary data suggested that the addition of Bayesian inference is useful in terms of improving the accuracy of motion tracking. Results from both the numerical phantom and in vivo ultrasound data set showed that there are fewer tracking errors in axial displacement and strain images obtained from the proposed RGBMT algorithms. That explained why the contrast-to-noise (CNR) values were higher and the breast tumor on the reconstructed modulus image was better visualized.