gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Well-Defined Cyclic Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) via Click Chemistry and Its Unique Thermal Phase Transition Behavior (2007)

We report on the preparation of well-defined cyclic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (cyclic-PNIPAM) via click chemistry and its unique thermal phase transition behavior as compared to the linear counterpart. α-Alkyne-ω-azido heterodifunctional PNIPAM precursor (linear-PNIPAM-N3) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide in 2-propanol using propargyl 2-chloropropionate as the initiator, followed by reacting with NaN3 to transform the terminal chloride into azide group. The subsequent end-to-end intramolecular coupling reaction under high dilution and “click” conditions leads to efficient preparation of narrow-disperse cyclic-PNIPAM. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry all confirmed the complete transformation of linear-PNIPAM-N3 to cyclic-PNIPAM. The thermal phase transition behavior of cyclic-PNIPAM was investigated by temperature-dependent turbidity measurements and micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC) and compared to that of linear-PNIPAM-N3 with the same molecular weight. The former possesses lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), more prominent concentration dependences of LCST values and cloud points (CPs), broader thermal phase transition range, and prominently lower enthalpy changes (ΔH). The above differences in thermal phase transition behaviors between cyclic- and linear-PNIPAM should be due to the absence of chain ends and stringent restrictions on backbone conformations in the former.
Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy: A meta-analysis of reported mutations in the first decade following the discovery of the<i>EPM2A</i>and<i>NHLRC1</i>genes (2009)

Lafora disease (LD) is an autosomal recessive and fatal form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy. LD patients manifest myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures, visual hallucinations, and progressive neurologic deterioration beginning at 12 to 15 years of age. The two genes known to be associated with LD are EPM2A and NHLRC1. Mutations in at least one other as yet unknown gene also cause LD. The EMP2A encodes a protein phosphatase and NHLRC1 encodes an ubiquitin ligase. These two proteins interact with each other and, as a complex, are thought to regulate critical neuronal functions. Nearly 100 distinct mutations have been discovered in the two genes in over 200 independent LD families. Nearly half of them are missense mutations, and the deletion mutations account for one-quarter. Several reports have provided functional data for the mutant proteins and a few also provide genotype-phenotype correlations. In this review we provide an update on the spectrum of EPM2A and NHLRC1 mutations, and discuss their distribution in the patient population, genotype-phenotype correlations, and on the possible effect of disease mutations on the cellular functions of LD proteins.
ERFASSUNG DER MEHRAXIALEN FAHRBETRIEBSBELASTUNGEN MIT DEM MESSRAD "VELOS" (1994)

Die am rollenden Rad angreifenden Kraefte und Momente spielen bei der Entwicklung neuer Automobile eine wichtige Rolle. Wegen der steigenden Anforderungen an die Komponenten, kuerzerer Entwicklungszeiten und der Produkthaftung ist eine schnelle, preiswerte und zuverlaessige Messung der massgebenden Betriebsbelastungen nicht nur fuer die Fahrzeughersteller, sondern auch fuer die mehr Entwicklungsaufgaben uebernehmende Zuliefererindustrie immer wichtiger. Zunehmend werden dazu an Automobile montierbare Messraeder eingesetzt, die meist jedoch ungenau und zu schwer sind und zudem umfangreiche Kalibrierungen erfordern. Im Beitrag wird das leichte, mit neuer Konzeption entwickelte, Messrad VELOS fuer Pkw und Lkw vorgestellt sowie erfasste Kraefte und Momente waehrend verschiedener Fahrmanoever und beim Ueberfahren von Unebenheiten den mit Kraftsensoren am Fahrwerk gemessenen Kraeften gegenuebergestellt. Damit wird die Messgenauigkeit der Sensoren beurteilt und der Einfluss der Massenkraefte auf das Messergebnis demonstriert. Titel in Englisch: Road load data acquisition with the vehicle load sensor VELOS.
Emulation of fractional turns in push-pull topologies (2005)

Winding a transformer with fractional turns yields precise secondary voltages and good output regulation in a power converter. However, the real fractional turns introduce a significant amount of leakage inductance which is generally not desirable. This work describes a method of emulating the fractional turns in push-pull topologies. The technical aspects of emulation of fractional turns are examined and some design guidelines are given. The method is tested experimentally and the fundamental waveforms are presented
Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Locus on Chromosome 7832-q33 Identified by Linkage and Allelic Imbalance Studies (2002)

The biologic aggressiveness of prostate tumors is an important indicator of prognosis. Chromosome 7q32-q33 was recently reported to show linkage to more aggressive prostate cancer, based on Gleason score, in a large sibling pair study. We report confirmation and narrowing of the linked region using finer-scale genotyping. We also report a high frequency of allelic imbalance (AI) defined within this locus in a series of 48 primary prostate tumors from men unselected for family history or disease status. The highest frequency of AI was observed with adjacent markers D7S2531 (52%) and D7S1804 (36%). These two markers delineated a common region of AI, with 24 tumors exhibiting interstitial AI involving one or both markers. The 1.1-Mb candidate region contains relatively few transcripts. Additionally, we observed positive associations between interstitial AI at D7S1804 and early age at diagnosis (P=.03) as well as a high combined Gleason score and tumor stage (P=.06). Interstitial AI at D7S2531 was associated with a positive family history of prostate cancer (P=.05). These data imply that we have localized a prostate cancer tumor aggressiveness loci to chromosome 7q32-q33 that is involved in familial and nonfamilial forms of prostate cancer.
Lubricated-to-frictional shear thickening scenario in dense suspensions (2018)

A scenario in which shear thickening results from a transition of interactions between suspended particles from lubricated to frictional (LF) with increasing stress is described, with a presentation of primary results and a perspective on outstanding questions which are raised by the LF mechanism.
Stationarity of speckle in laser refraction (1983)

The equation that describes the tangential focal conditions for a curved grating is found to be a natural solution for the position of the plane of stationarity in laser refraction. It is also found that the imaging equation of the macroscopic surface treated as a mirror is a particular solution when (1) the observation is in the specular direction or (2) the incidence and observation directions are close to the normal to the surface. When speckle is viewed in this way, some errors in previous research on speckle motion are brought to light.
Decomposition by Successive Convex Approximation: A Unifying Approach for Linear Transceiver Design in Heterogeneous Networks (2012)

We study the downlink linear precoder design problem in a multi-cell dense heterogeneous network (HetNet). The problem is formulated as a general sum-utility maximization (SUM) problem, which includes as special cases many practical precoder design problems such as multi-cell coordinated linear precoding, full and partial per-cell coordinated multi-point transmission, zero-forcing precoding and joint BS clustering and beamforming/precoding. The SUM problem is difficult due to its non-convexity and the tight coupling of the users' precoders. In this paper we propose a novel convex approximation technique to approximate the original problem by a series of convex subproblems, each of which decomposes across all the cells. The convexity of the subproblems allows for efficient computation, while their decomposability leads to distributed implementation. {Our approach hinges upon the identification of certain key convexity properties of the sum-utility objective, which allows us to transform the problem into a form that can be solved using a popular algorithmic framework called BSUM (Block Successive Upper-Bound Minimization).} Simulation experiments show that the proposed framework is effective for solving interference management problems in large HetNet.
TIN2-Tethered TPP1 Recruits Human Telomerase to Telomeres <i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

Recruitment to telomeres is a pivotal step in the function and regulation of human telomerase; however, the molecular basis for recruitment is not known. Here, we have directly investigated the process of telomerase recruitment via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We find that depletion of two components of the shelterin complex that is found at telomeres--TPP1 and the protein that tethers TPP1 to the complex, TIN2--results in a loss of telomerase recruitment. On the other hand, we find that the majority of the observed telomerase association with telomeres does not require POT1, the shelterin protein that links TPP1 to the single-stranded region of the telomere. Deletion of the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding fold (OB-fold) of TPP1 disrupts telomerase recruitment. In addition, while loss of TPP1 results in the appearance of DNA damage factors at telomeres, the DNA damage response per se does not account for the telomerase recruitment defect observed in the absence of TPP1. Our findings indicate that TIN2-anchored TPP1 plays a major role in the recruitment of telomerase to telomeres in human cells and that recruitment does not depend on POT1 or interaction of the shelterin complex with the single-stranded region of the telomere.
Phase I trial of a humanized, Fc receptor nonbinding anti-CD3 antibody, hu12F6mu in patients receiving renal allografts (2010)

Hu12F6mu is an Fc-mutated, humanized anti-CD3 antibody developed in our lab. The aim of this study was to assess single dose escalation pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety profile of hu12F6mu and to measure the effects of the antibody on levels of circulating T cells over time. Twenty-seven patients receiving renal allografts were randomized to receive hu12F6mu intravenously at a single-dose of 2.5, 5 or 10 mg. The concentration-time data obtained by a validated ELISA method were subjected to non-compartmental PK analysis by DAS 2.1 software. Subgroups of CD2(+), CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes were monitored periodically by flow cytometry. Our results showed that hu12F6mu exhibited linear PK over the dose range of 2.5 to 10 mg. A significant decline in the proportion of T cells was observed immediately after the infusion, followed by a progressive increase occurring over the ensuing days of therapy. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum concentration of hu12F6mu and CD3(+) cell proportion. Intravenous infusion of hu12F6mu was well-tolerated in patients receiving renal allografts. These results suggest that hu12F6mu may have potential as a therapeutic agent, although further studies are needed.
Look into My Eyes: Fine-Grained Detection of Face-Screen Distance on Smartphones (2016)

The detection of face-screen distance on smartphone (i.e., the distance between the user face and the smartphone screen) is of paramount importance for many mobile applications, including dynamic adjustment of screen on-off, screen resolution, screen luminance, font size, with the purposes of power saving, protection of human eyesight, etc. Existing detection techniques for face-screen distance depend on external or internal hardware, e.g., an accessory plug-in sensor (e.g., infrared or ultrasonic sensors) to measure the face-screen distance, a built-in proximity sensor that usually outputs a coarse-grained, two-valued, proximity index (for the purpose of powering on/off the screen), etc. In this paper, we present a fine-grained detection method, called "Look Into My Eyes (LIME)", that utilizes the front camera and inertial accelerometer of the smartphone to estimate the face-screen distance. Specifically, LIME captures the photo of the user's face only when the accelerometer detects certain motion patterns of mobile phones, and then estimates the face-screen distance by looking at the distance between the user's eyes. Besides, LIME is able to take care of the user experience when multiple users are facing the phone screen. The experimental results show that LIME can achieve a mean squared error smaller than 2.4 cm in all of experimented scenarios, and it incurs a small cost on battery life when integrated into an SMS application for enabling dynamic font size by detecting the face-screen distance.
Feasibility Studies of the NaBH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O Hydrolysis to Generate Hydrogen Gas to Inflate Lighter than Air (LTA) Vehicles (2015)

Experiments using the CoCl2 catalyzed NaBH4/H2O hydrolysis were conducted at ambient and cold temperatures as well as under pressure. The purpose of these experiments was to (1) provide guidance in designing a portable reactor capable of producing 330 standard cubic feet (SCF) of hydrogen gas and (2) determine how to control the reaction so that it could be used to generate hydrogen gas to inflate lighter than air (LTA) vehicles.
The Effect of Age of Breeder Hen on the Levels of Vitamins and Minerals in Turkey Eggs (1983)

Eggs (960) from each of six hens were selected from Large and Small White turkey hens housed in cages or floor pens and fed a standard 17% protein turkey breeder diet. Ten consecutive eggs laid between 2 to 5, 5 to 9, 12 to 16, and 19 to 23 weeks of the egg production cycle were analyzed for folic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, biotin, selenium, and calcium. There were significant decreasing changes with aging for egg levels of pyridoxine, vitamin B12, and calcium but significant increasing changes with aging for egg levels of biotin between 4 to 20 weeks of production for all combinations of strains and housing types. There was a significant interaction between the effect of strain types, housing types, and aging for egg folic acid levels and a significant interaction between strains and aging for vitamin B12 levels. At 24 weeks of production all combinations of strains and housing types decreased to the lowest egg folic acid levels measured over the production season. Egg pantothenic acid and selenium levels did not change significantly with aging for either strain or housing type. In general, there were no significant correlations between dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals with vitamin or mineral levels deposited in eggs. These data suggest that changes in vitamin and mineral levels deposited in the egg are related to the aging process of the hen.
Antibacterial activity of phosphono dipeptides related to alafosfalin (1986)

A series of dipeptides containing N-terminal alanine or leucine and a wide range of P-terminal racemic 1-amino-alkanephosphonates were prepared and tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of various bacterial species. The results demonstrate that peptides containing 4-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and 1-amino-1-methylethanephosphonic acid exhibit antibacterial activity comparable with that observed in the case of peptides containing P-terminal racemic 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid (analogue of alanine) used as a positive control.
Dietary Heat-Killed <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> SBC8803 Attenuates Chronic Sleep Disorders Induced by Psychophysiological Stress in Mice (2019)

We previously reported that dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 affects sleep in mice and humans. The present study examined whether SBC8803 improves psychophysiological stress-induced chronic sleep disorders (CSD) using a mouse model characterized by disrupted circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity and sleep-wake cycles. Mice were fed with a diet supplemented with 0.5% heat-killed SBC8803 for 6 wk and imposed stress-induced CSD for last 2 wk. Dietary SBC8803 suppressed the reduction in wheel-running activity induced by CSD. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed that SBC8803 significantly restored wakefulness and increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep during the second half of the active phase during CSD. The CSD-induced reduction in EEG slow wave activity, a marker of NREM sleep intensity, during the beginning of the inactive phase was significantly improved by SBC8803 supplementation. These findings suggest that dietary heat-killed SBC8803 confers beneficial effects on insomnia and circadian sleep disorders induced by psychophysiological stress.
Role of spacer cations and structural distortion in two-dimensional germanium halide perovskites (2021)

The role of the organic spacer on the properties of Ge-based layered perovskites has been highlighted.
Compression Of Stereo Images And The Evaluation Of Its Effects On 3-D Perception (1990)

The proposed approach to stereo image coding takes advantage of the singleness of vision property of the human visual system. Experiments show that a stereo image pair, in which one of the images is low-pass filtered and subsampled, is perceived as a sharp 3-D image. The depth information is perceived due to the stereopsis effect, and the sharpness is maintained due to the details in the non-filtered image. A methodology for the evaluation of the compression effects on the 3-D perception of stereo images is presented. It is based on measurements of response-time and accuracy of human subjects performing simple 3-D perception tasks.
Design rule optimization for 65-nm-node (CMOS5) BEOL using process and layout decomposition methodology (2004)

With downscaling of dimensions, essential challenges on layout printability significantly increase. The design rule cannot be shrunk with linearity any more. Historically, in the early development stage, simple test patterns like snake/comb or border/borderless via chains were used for identifying design and process issues electrically. However it is unclear how much these patterns represent the sensitive patterns for the real critical failures. The lack of these kinds of critical patterns would always cause yield problems in the volume production. In this paper, we show the result of evaluating 65-nm BEOL process by using the test patterns that can cover critical layout situations. Especially, it was focused on the line end via hole, which is believed to cause the systematic yield degradation. The key steps in our process/design decomposition methodology are design attribute and process space analysis. By exploring the process space for a given design, the method allows to find the most challenging patterns to print due to various process issues. The test patterns were generated from critical pattern extracted from standard cells library by considering our preliminary opc and mask design flow. Simulation of all test patterns are performed to ensure that DOE range is sufficient to cover the entire process/design space. These patterns are generated from the 65nm node ground design rule. It used a size of 90nm as metal minimum width and space, and a size of 100nm for fixed via hole diameter. It was confirmed by simulations that all the test pattern represent for the original design on each module process/design space. All the test patterns were measured by the standard parametric e-test setup. The amount of line end pull back can be inferred from the via resistance, and the amount of line end widening can be inferred from the leakage current between via chains and neighboring lines. Thus the meaningful information about the OPC and litho process can be obtained quickly without extensive use of SEM measurements. More than 200 test patterns considering logic randomness were designed and fabricated by using 65-nm node BEOL process. We found that 50nm or more line extension is necessary to suppress the pull back issue caused by the defocus effect. To prevent the metal short of the isolated pattern next to or surrounding by the wide metal, the minimum space with wide neighboring metal was defined. Using this methodology, our 65-nm design rule has been successfully evaluated and optimized.
Discovery of Metabolomics Biomarkers for Early Detection of Nephrotoxicity (2009)

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a major concern, since many pharmacological compounds are filtered through the kidneys for excretion into urine. To discover biochemical biomarkers useful for early identification of nephrotoxicity, metabolomic experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley Crl:CD (SD) rats treated with the nephrotoxins gentamicin, cisplatin, or tobramycin. Using a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), a global, nontargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on urine and kidney samples collected after one, five, and twenty-eight dosing days. Increases in polyamines and amino acids were observed in urine from drug-treated rats after a single dose, and prior to observable histological kidney damage and conventional clinical chemistry indications of nephrotoxicity. Thus, these metabolites are potential biomarkers for the early detection of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Upon prolonged dosing, nephrotoxin-induced changes included a progressive loss of amino acids in urine, concomitant with a decrease in amino acids and nucleosides in kidney tissue. A nephrotoxicity prediction model, based on the levels of branched-chain amino acids in urine, distinguished nephrotoxin-treated samples from vehicle-control samples, with 100%, 93%, and 70% accuracy at day 28, day 5, and day 1, respectively. Thus, this panel of biomarkers may provide a noninvasive method to detect kidney injury long before the onset of histopathological kidney damage.
TSO1 is a novel protein that modulates cytokinesis and cell expansion in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2000)

Previous analyses of tso1 mutants revealed a loss of control of directional cellular expansion and coordination of growth of adjacent cells, and defects in karyokinesis and cytokinesis. We isolated TSO1 using a map-based approach, and show that it is a member of a family of at least three genes in Arabidopsis. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, TSO1 transcript was most abundant in flowers, where it accumulated to the highest levels in developing ovules and microspores. The putative TSO1 protein has two cysteine-rich regions that are similar to the CXC domains of a variety of proteins from plants and animals, including a class of kinesins involved in chromosome segregation, and enhancer of zeste-type proteins. Visualization of TSO1-fusion proteins indicated that TSO1 is a nuclear protein. The tso1 mutant phenotypes and the novelty of the TSO1 sequence suggest the existence of previously unknown participants in regulation of directional processes in eukaryotic cells.
The orbiting Internet fiber in the sky (1997)

We evaluated the usefulness of in vitro human tumor culture system using a specialized collagen gel matrix derived from pigskin as a chemosensitivity test for human gastric cancer including scirrhous type. Seven xenograft tumors derived from human gastric cancers were examined with this system and compared with the data obtained by the nude mouse chemosensitivity assay. Xenograft tumors exhibited an in vivo like three-dimensional growth on the collagen gel matrix. There were very close associations between the results obtained by this assay and those obtained from the same drug by the nude mouse assay. Moreover, this system seemed to be useful for prediction of drug sensitivity for scirrhous type gastric cancers. This in vitro assay system has an advantage for chemosensitivity test, because of its convenience, rapidity, and in vivo like three-dimensional tumor growth.