gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum Data Fitting (2012)

We provide a new quantum algorithm that efficiently determines the quality of a least-squares fit over an exponentially large data set by building upon an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations efficiently (Harrow et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 103}, 150502 (2009)). In many cases, our algorithm can also efficiently find a concise function that approximates the data to be fitted and bound the approximation error. In cases where the input data is a pure quantum state, the algorithm can be used to provide an efficient parametric estimation of the quantum state and therefore can be applied as an alternative to full quantum state tomography given a fault tolerant quantum computer.
Quantitative Study of Optical Frequency Noise to Intensity Noise Conversion in Line-by-Line Pulse Shaping (2009)

We report the first quantitative study of intensity noise induced in line-by-line pulse shaping in response to time-varying changes in the comb frequency offset. Controllable comb linewidth broadening is synthesized through frequency dithering of a continuous-wave laser that is fed to a phase modulator. An electrical spectrum analyzer is used to examine the current power spectra of shaped time-domain intensity waveforms subject to comb frequency noise. A theoretical model predicting a 20 dB/decade scaling relation between the dither-induced noise and the frequency dither amplitude is presented. A numerical simulation method capable of predicting the precise form of the RF power spectrum in the presence of optical frequency dithering is explained. Two line-by-line shaping cases are considered in detail. Experimental data are in excellent agreement with the simulated results down to frequency dithers of a few tenths of a percent of the comb spacing. Tolerances to laser frequency fluctuations are given for several simple pulse shaping examples. The effect of pulse shaper parameters is also discussed.
岡山大学保健環境センター公開講演会（2006年）の報告 (2007)

CD73 inhibitors are considered to be used in the therapies of melanomas, gliomas or breast cancer. However, little is known about their pharmacology and kinetics in mouse experimental models. Thus, this study is aimed to define a metabolic stability and elimination of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) analog - α,β-Methylene-ADP also known as AOPCP in BALB/c mice. The process starts with an intravenous injection of AOPCP, next blood and serum samples are collected. Urine samples are possessed by a bladder puncture. Mice aortas are dissected for the e5NT activity evaluation. In order to assess the AOPCP degradation, the incubation of AOPCP in mice blood and plasma is performed. The AOPCP concentration as well as the activity of e5NT were analyzed with the reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The study shows that after 60 minutes of the 20 mg/kg intravenous injection of AOPCP (body weight dose), the concentration of AOPCP in blood diminished rapidly from 38.6 ± 5.0 µM (measured 5 minutes after the injection) to 6.4 ± 1.4 µM. Interestingly, it is also noted that 60 minutes after the incubation of mice blood samples the AOPCP concentration decreases from 50 µM to 30.0 ± 0.3 µM. This study demonstrates a significant and quick decrease of AOPCP concentration in BALB/c mice blood after the intravenous injection and in isolated blood sample incubation. These findings emphasize the quick elimination of AOPCP as well as its instability and suggest that the AOPCP concentration have to be accurately and frequently monitored in all the studies that address its clinical application.
CO oxidation over Cu<sub>2</sub>O deposited on 2D continuous lamellar g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (2015)

The changing trend of adsorption ability and the catalytic activity of Cu<sub>2</sub>O/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> moved in the same direction.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits activation of HER-2/neu and downstream signaling pathways in human head and neck and breast carcinoma cells. (2003)

Overexpression of the HER-2/neu receptor (HER-2) is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma and also in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a previous study on HNSCC cell lines, we found that epigalocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major biologically active component of green tea, inhibited activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and thereby inhibited EGFR-related downstream signaling pathways in HNSCC cells. In the present study, we examined the effects of EGCG on activation of the HER-2 receptor in human HNSCC and breast carcinoma cell lines that display constitutive activation of HER-2. Treatment of these cells with 10 or 30 microg of EGCG, respectively, doses that cause 50% inhibition of growth, markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of HER-2 in both cell lines. This was associated with inhibition of Stat3 activation, inhibition of c-fos and cyclin D1 promoter activity, and decreased cellular levels of the cyclin D1 and Bcl-XL proteins. Although these concentrations of EGCG are quite high, we found that concentrations of 0.1-1.0 microg/ml, which are in the range of plasma concentrations after administering a single oral dose of EGCG or a green tea extract, markedly enhanced the sensitivity of both types of cell lines to growth inhibition by Taxol, a drug frequently used in the treatment of breast carcinoma and HNSCC. These results, taken together with previous evidence that EGCG also inhibits activation of the EGFR in carcinoma cells, suggest that EGCG may be useful in treating cases of breast carcinoma and HNSCC in which activation of the EGFR and/or HER-2 plays important roles in tumor survival and growth.
Evolution of the Lambdoid Phages (1983)

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to explain the origin of bacteriophage λ . For such an explanation to make sense, we must first define what we mean by “lambda,” for there is abundant experimental evidence that the organisms that we call by this name are members of a large family of similar temperate bacteriophages that share the same genome organization and the same life-style. Furthermore, members of the lambdoid family can still undergo exchanges of genes or groups of genes, producing clearly different but, nevertheless, perfectly functional lambdoid phages. DEFINITION OF THE LAMBDOID FAMILY A central problem then becomes the definition of the limits of the λ family. We suggest that the criterion for inclusion should be the ability to exchange genetic information with λ by homologous recombination with λ itself. If this definition is accepted, the family comprises not only the lambdoid phages of Escherichia coli but also includes phage P22, whose normal host is Salmonella typhimurium, as well as the large family of Salmonella phages related to P22. P22 has a grossly different virion morphology and lacks some features common to the lambdoid coliphages, including the cohesive DNA ends. When one takes this broad view of family membership, such striking similarities remain among all the phages in the family that abandonment of the traditional criteria for inclusion in the family (ability to grow on E. coli and cohesiveness of the DNA ends to the DNA ends of λ itself) is amply justified. Definition of the family...
1:4 Demagnifying Electron Projection System (1979)

Reported here are the features of a 1: 4 demagnifying electron projection system, its imaging method and alignment procedures. Use of a new projection system with a small, parallel illumination beam at the mask plane plus a raster scan to cover the entire mask has made it possible to obtain high alignment accuracy as well as a large image field with a relatively small electron optical column. A linewidth of 0.5 µm and the distortion of less than 1% over an image field of 3 mm square were obtained experimentally. An alignment accuracy achieved is ±0.2 µm.
Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (furaneol) from (2R,3R)-tartaric acid (1985)

(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid (6) has been converted through a five-step sequence into the important volatile flavour and aroma component 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (furaneol)(1) in 18.5% overall yield. The key step involves the formation of (4R,5R)-4,5-diacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (10) by reaction of methylmagnesium chloride with the corresponding 4,5-bis(dimethylamide). The same dioxolane (10) was also prepared via a related reaction sequence involving a Grignard type reaction on the corresponding dinitrile.
Optical Transport Phenomena in Coupled Spherical Cavities (2007)

The efficiency of optical transport is studied in one-dimensional (ID) chains and in 3D lattices of coupled microspheres with ~1-3% size disorder. To couple light into such structures we used sources of light formed by dye-doped fluorescent microspheres. Using techniques of spatially resolved scattering spectroscopy we observed large propagation losses (~ 3 dB per sphere) along the chain at the frequencies of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the source sphere. Away from the resonance with WGMs we observed much smaller losses (< 1 dB per sphere) due to formation of nanojet-induced modes. The propagation of light in 3D lattices of disordered coupled cavities with WGM resonances is interpreted in terms of percolation theory. In transmission spectra of such 3D structures we observed spectral signatures of strong coupling between multiple spheres with nearly resonant WGMs. The results indicate that the transmission properties can be significantly improved in 3D structures formed by more uniform spheres due to achieving an optical percolation threshold for WGM transport.
The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men (2003)

To elucidate the role of leptin in regulating neuroendocrine and metabolic function during an acute fast, six to eight healthy, lean men were studied under four separate conditions: a baseline fed state and three 72-hour fasting studies with administration of either placebo, low-dose recombinant-methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin), or replacement-dose r-metHuLeptin designed to maintain serum leptin at levels similar to those in the fed state. Replacement-dose r-metHuLeptin administered during fasting prevents the starvation-induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and, in part, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and IGF-1 binding capacity in serum. Thus, in normal men, the fall in leptin with fasting may be both necessary and sufficient for the physiologic adaptations of these axes, which require leptin levels above a certain threshold for activation. In contrast to findings in mice, fasting-induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, renin-aldosterone, and growth hormone–IGF-1 axes as well as fuel utilization may be independent of leptin in humans. The role of leptin in normalizing several starvation-induced neuroendocrine changes may have important implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of eating disorders and obesity.
SDN based traffic engineering without optimization: A centrality based approach (2017)

Software defined networks (SDNs) reduce the complexity of implementing multi-commodity flow (MCF) optimization problems and several optimization based SDN Traffic Engineering (TE) schemes have been proposed. This approach has several limitations like the need to know or infer bandwidth demands, the number of forwarding rules needed to implement the solution and the cost of the control-loop communication between controller and switches. This usually results in systems that do not scale and need to adapt the problem formulation to an approximation of the optimal solution. In this work we propose an approach for TE in SDNs without optimization and no need for traffic demand knowledge. We propose a logically hierarchical controller architecture built on the premise of low rule space and sparse controller communication where TE is performed in two actions: the setting of stable paths in the core and the distribution of traffic among them in the access. Different algorithms can be used for these purposes. We start by studying the performance of using a shortest path algorithm for the calculation of the stable core paths and a concept from social networks analysis called betweenness centrality to measure congestion risk and support the traffic distribution decisions in the access. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Controlled angular redirection of light via nanoimprinted disordered gratings (2013)

Enhanced control of diffraction through transparent substrates is achieved via disordered gratings in a silica sol-gel film. Tailoring the degree of disorder allows tuning of the diffractive behavior from discrete orders into broad distributions over large angular range. Gratings of optical quality are formed by silica sol-gel nanoimprint lithography and an optical setup for the measurement of continuous diffraction patterns is presented. Sound agreement is found between measurements and simulation, validating both the approach for redirection of light and the fabrication process. The disordered gratings are presented in the context of improved interior daylighting and may furthermore be suited to a wide variety of applications where controlled angular redirection of light is desired.
Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in cotton by improved sgRNA expression (2018)

This study provides essential improvements to maximize CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation efficiency by reducing risk and workload for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 approaches in the targeted mutagenesis of cotton.
Lipidic mimetics as inhibitors of pancreatic phospholipase A2 (1995)

Conference Article| November 01 1995 Lipidic mimetics as inhibitors of pancreatic phospholipase A2 ANNA NICOLAOU; ANNA NICOLAOU 1U.I.C.P.R. The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29 Brunswick Sq, London WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE KOKOTOS; GEORGE KOKOTOS 2Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 157 71, Greece Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar VIOLETA CONSTANTINOU; VIOLETA CONSTANTINOU 3Chemical Lab., Agricultural University of Athens, Greece Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JELENA YORK; JELENA YORK 1U.I.C.P.R. The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29 Brunswick Sq, London WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM A. GIBBONS WILLIAM A. GIBBONS 1U.I.C.P.R. The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29 Brunswick Sq, London WC1N 1AX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (4): 614S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023614s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ANNA NICOLAOU, GEORGE KOKOTOS, VIOLETA CONSTANTINOU, JELENA YORK, WILLIAM A. GIBBONS; Lipidic mimetics as inhibitors of pancreatic phospholipase A2. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1995; 23 (4): 614S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023614s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Post-operative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio predicts complications following colorectal surgery (2006)

NLR > or =9.3 on the first post-operative day is associated with an increased risk of complications. This simple derivation of routinely available data helps to identify patients at high-risk of complications, allowing targeted preventive measures.
Medical evaluation of panic attacks. (1987)

Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia is dominated by the occurrence of panic attacks. However, panic attacks are also reported to occur as part of the clinical picture in several medical conditions, notably thyroid disease, hypoglycemia, and pheochromocytoma. The authors examine these conditions, review the relevant literature, and offer an evaluation strategy. Routine screening is not recommended. Panic disorder is also associated with mitral-valve prolapse and temporal lobe seizures. The authors explore the possible consequences of this association and outline an evaluation strategy. Again, routine screening is not recommended.
A FPGA IEEE-754-2008 decimal64 Floating-Point adder/subtractor (2011)

This paper describes the FPGA implementation of a Decimal Floating Point (DFP) adder/subtractor. The design performs addition and subtraction on 64-bit operands that use the IEEE 754-2008 decimal encoding of DFP numbers and is based on a fully pipelined circuit. The design presents a novel hardware for pre-signal generation stage and an enhanced version of previously published leading zero stage. The design can operate at a frequency of 200 MHZ on a Virtex-5 with a latency of 8 cycles. The presented DFP adder/subtractor supports operations on the decimal64 format and it is easily extendable for the decimal128 format. To our knowledge, this is the first hardware FPGA design for adding and subtracting IEEE 754-2008 using decimal64 encoding.
Association Between Erythropoietin Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetic Retinopathy (2010)

Identifying EPO genetic markers for high risk of developing DR could lead to the possibility of developing novel treatments or preventive therapies.
Modular BIST concept for microprocessors (2002)

A concept of general usability of a complete self-test for microprocessors is shown by an example. A combination of a firmware-based and a hardware-based self-test architecture is chosen. The hardware approach is useful to test completely embedded macrocells and to support and minimize the self-test firmware. Four embedded macrocells are made self-testable by implementing well-known modular built-in self-test (BIST) methods. The self-test architecture applied is of general applicability. The remaining macrocells, as well as the coordination of the various chip macrocells, are tested by executing an on-chip firmware routine. By using the ordinary processor functions it is possible to considerably reduce the hardware overhead for implementing a complete self-test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Pilot Pattern for OFDM-based Cognitive Radio Channel Estimation - Part 1 (2007)

Nowadays research in the area of Cognitive Radio has grown tremendously. In the application of spectrum pooling in OFDM-based Cognitive Radio system there will be subcarriers that are deactivated due to the access of Licensed Users. The unloaded subcarriers that are caused by Licensed Users access create problems in performing channel estimation. The unloaded subcarriers restrict putting the pilot symbols in time and frequency lattice. This issue should be considered in the designing pilot symbols grid. In the part I of this paper, new pilot patterns for OFDM-based Cognitive Radio channel estimation are proposed. These new pilot patterns are the modification of rectangular pilot patterns by shifting the pilot subcarricrs into the adjacent subcarriers which are free from the interference of Licensed Users. Using the proposed pilot patterns, the channel estimation based on two cascaded one dimensional (2 times 1-D) Wiener filter is investigated by considering the appearance of narrowband and wideband Licensed Users. Results have shown that the proposed pilot pattern outperforms the regular pilot pattern by around 6.5 dB gain at Mean Square Error value of 2 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> in the case of narrowband interference.
Presynaptic kynurenate‐sensitive receptors inhibit glutamate release (2001)

Kynurenic acid is a tryptophan metabolite provided with antagonist activity on ionotropic glutamate and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We noticed that in rats with a dialysis probe placed in the head of their caudate nuclei, local administration of kynurenic acid (30-100 nM) significantly reduced glutamate output. Qualitatively and quantitatively similar effects were observed after systemic administration of kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors, a procedure able to increase brain kynurenate concentrations. Interestingly, in microdialysis studies, methyllycaconitine (0.3-10 nM), a selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor antagonist, also reduced glutamate output. In isolated superfused striatal synaptosomes, kynurenic acid (100 nM), but not methyllycaconitine, inhibited the depolarization (KCl 12.5 mM)-induced release of transmitter or previously taken-up [3H]-D-aspartate. This inhibition was not modified by glycine, N-methyl-D-aspartate or subtype-selective kainate receptor agents, while CNQX or DNQX (10 microM), two AMPA and kainate receptor antagonists, reduced kynurenic acid effects. Low concentrations of kynurenic acid, however, did not modify [3H]-kainate (high and low affinity) or [3H]-AMPA binding to rat brain membranes. Finally, because metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors modulate transmitter release in striatal preparations, we evaluated, with negative results, kynurenic acid (1-100 nM) effects in cells transfected with mGlu1, mGlu2, mGlu4 or mGlu5 receptors. In conclusion, our data show that kynurenate-induced inhibition of glutamate release is not mediated by glutamate receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, however, may contribute to the inhibitory effects of kynurenate found in microdialysis studies, but not in those found in isolated synaptosomes.
BER performance of an optical fast frequency-hopping CDMA system with multiple simultaneous users (2003)

We report the bit error rate (BER) performance of an optical fast frequency-hopping CDMA system for up to 16 simultaneous users. Previous predictions of BER are shown to be overly pessimistic (beat noise limited) or optimistic (interference limited).
Herpesvirus tegument protein activates NF-κB signaling through the TRAF6 adaptor protein (2008)

Viruses remodel the host cell to optimize their replication both by delivery of virion proteins into the cell and by de novo expression of viral proteins. The HSV particle contains several proteins that function to prepare the host cell for viral replication, including the VP16 transcriptional activator protein and virion host shutoff protein. HSV infection activates NF-kappaB pathways through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and non-TLR pathways, and NF-kappaB activity is required for efficient viral replication. In a screen of the HSV proteome, we observed that the HSV U(L)37 tegument protein activates NF-kappaB signaling in a TLR2-independent manner. Expression of U(L)37 in transfected cells leads to IkappaB degradation and activation of both reporter genes and the endogenous IL-8 gene. This activation requires TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and U(L)37 contains a TRAF6-binding domain that is required for interaction with TRAF6 and activation of NF-kappaB. A mutant virus encoding U(L)37 with an altered TRAF6-binding site shows reduced NF-kappaB activation in the early phase of infection. Therefore, the HSV U(L)37 virion structural protein can activate NF-kappaB through TRAF6. Activation of NF-kappaB by a virion tegument protein that is delivered into the host cell cytoplasm during viral entry represents a mechanism for activation of this pathway by a virus.