gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotics or pro‐healers: the role of beneficial bacteria in tissue repair (2017)

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms, known to exert numerous positive effects on human health, primarily in the battle against pathogens. Probiotics have been associated with improved healing of intestinal ulcers, and healing of infected cutaneous wounds. This article reviews the latest findings on probiotics related to their pro-healing properties on gut epithelium and skin. Proven mechanisms by which probiotic bacteria exert their beneficial effects include direct killing of pathogens, competitive displacement of pathogenic bacteria, reinforcement of epithelial barrier, induction of fibroblasts, and epithelial cells' migration and function. Beneficial immunomodulatory effects of probiotics relate to modulation and activation of intraepithelial lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages through induced production of cytokines. Systemic effects of beneficial bacteria and link between gut microbiota, immune system, and cutaneous health through gut-brain-skin axes are discussed as well. In light of growing antibiotic resistance of pathogens, antibiotic use is becoming less effective in treating cutaneous and systemic infections. This review points to a new perspective and therapeutic potential of beneficial probiotic species as a safe alternative approach for treatment of patients affected by wound healing disorders and cutaneous infections.
Stat6 Regulation of In Vivo IL-4 Responses (2000)

Although in vitro development of a Th2 response from naive CD4+ T cells is Stat6 dependent, mice immunized with a goat Ab to mouse IgD have been reported to produce a normal primary IL-4 response in Stat6-deficient mice. Experiments have now been performed with mice immunized with more conventional Ags or inoculated with nematode parasites to account for this apparent discrepancy. The ability of an immunogen to induce a primary in vivo IL-4 response in Stat6-deficient mice was found to vary directly with its ability to induce a strong type 2 cytokine-biased response in normal mice. Even immunogens, however, that induce strong primary IL-4 responses in Stat6-deficient mice induce poor memory IL-4 responses in these mice. Consistent with this, Stat6-deficient CD4+ T cells make relatively normal IL-4 responses when stimulated in vitro for 3 days with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, but poor IL-4 responses if they are later restimulated with anti-CD3. Thus, Stat6 signaling enhances primary IL-4 responses that are made as part of a type 0 cytokine response (mixed type 1 and type 2) and is required for normal development or survival of Th2 memory cells.
Automatic current sharing mechanism in the series capacitor buck converter (2015)

This study examines the mechanism and effectiveness of current sharing in a multiphase, series capacitor buck converter. The automatic current sharing mechanism is inherent to the series capacitor buck topology and uniquely utilizes its series capacitor. Unlike conventional multiphase buck converters, current sharing is achieved without any current sensing circuits or added external control loops. Analysis of the automatic current sharing mechanism explains its robustness to variations in inductance, dc resistance (DCR), and temperature. Unequal control switch on-times are found to have measurable impact on sharing accuracy. Results from a two-phase, 12 V input, 10 A output hardware prototype demonstrate the simple, highly accurate current sharing capabilities of the series capacitor buck converter. Experimental results for unequal on-times exhibit unmatched average currents but stable operation with a dc offset.
A fast MPI-based parallel framework for cycle-accurate HDL multi-parametric simulations (2010)

The growing complexity of digital architectures strongly impacts on their verification phase, which becomes critical. In fact, without giving up cycle-accuracy, it seems there are not at the state-of-the-art fast frameworks allowing multi-parametric simulations at a fine granularity level for accurate verification and design space exploration purposes. In this paper, we propose a parallel, fast and cycle-accurate SystemC simulation framework: SysCgrid. SysCgrid is designed to provide automatic generation and parallel execution of multi-parametric simulations with minimum effort by hardware architects. This framework is conceived to run on a cluster/grid computing infrastructure, exploiting the message passing interface (MPI) to automatically distribute the multi-parametric simulation set over more than one node. The achieved results on a network-on-chip (NoC) architecture verification demonstrate the good SysCgrid scalability, both in case of shared and non-shared memory computing infrastructures, achieving impressive speed up with respect to traditional single-run simulations approaches.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Promotes Neurogenesis and Ameliorates Autism Related Behaviors in BTBR Mice (2015)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social communication deficits, cognitive rigidity, and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a paracrine regenerative effect, and were speculated to be a potential therapy for ASD. The BTBR inbred mouse strain is a commonly used model of ASD as it demonstrates robust behavioral deficits consistent with the diagnostic criteria for ASD. BTBR mice also exhibit decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis. In the current study, we evaluated the behavioral and molecular effects of intracerebroventricular MSC transplantation in BTBR mice. Transplantation of MSC resulted in a reduction of stereotypical behaviors, a decrease in cognitive rigidity and an improvement in social behavior. Tissue analysis revealed elevated BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus accompanied by increased hippocampal neurogenesis in the MSC-transplanted mice compared with sham treated mice. This might indicate a possible mechanism underpinning the behavioral improvement. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic approach which may be translatable to ASD patients in the future.
Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences (2002)

Psychological researchers typically distinguish five major domains of individual differences in human behavior: cognitive abilities, personality, social attitudes, psychological interests, and psychopathology (Lubinski, 2000). In this article we: discuss a number of methodological errors commonly found in research on human individual differences; introduce a broad framework for interpreting findings from contemporary behavioral genetic studies; briefly outline the basic quantitative methods used in human behavioral genetic research; review the major criticisms of behavior genetic designs, with particular emphasis on the twin and adoption methods; describe the major or dominant theoretical scheme in each domain; and review behavioral genetic findings in all five domains. We conclude that there is now strong evidence that virtually all individual psychological differences, when reliably measured, are moderately to substantially heritable.
The control of the morphologies, structures and photoluminescence properties of C70 nano/microcrystals with different trichlorobenzene isomers (2014)

Trichlorobenzene isomers with different molecular structures (1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene) were used as shape and luminescence tuners of C70 nano/microcrystals. C70 nano/microcrystals with different morphologies (nano/microrods, nano/microsheet clusters and nano/microballs) were synthesized. C70 nano/microballs fabricated using 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene have a simple cubic (sc) structure, and C70 nano/microcrystals obtained using other solvents have a face-centered-cubic (fcc) structure. Meanwhile, the introduction of different trichlorobenzenes in the C70 nano/microcrystals enhanced their PL intensities to different degrees. In particular, the PL intensities of the C70 nano/microcrystals doped with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene were most highly enhanced, which is one order of magnitude higher than that for the pristine bulk C70 crystals.
A current-mode CMOS RMS-DC converter for very low-voltage applications (2002)

A very low voltage CMOS RMS-DC converter is designed based on MOS Translinear techniques. Its main building blocks are a squarer/divider and a geometric-mean cell, which are obtained by using simple second-order MOS Translinear loops, leading to a very regular and compact implementation. The biasing employed for such loops allows to operate them at supply voltages as low as 1.5 V. Measurement results demonstrate the practicality of the circuit.
Analogy of TE waveguide and vibrating plate with sliding edge condition and exact solutions (2012)

Presented herein is a proof that the TE (transverse electric) waveguide problem is analogous to the vibration problem of thin plates with zero slope and zero twisting moment at the freely sliding edges in the vertical (transverse) direction. This analogy is confirmed because of the mathematical similarity of the governing equations and the boundary conditions of the two problems. We also present exact solutions for these two analogous problems for various domain shapes. The exact solutions are very useful for checking the validity, convergence and accuracy of numerical methods for solving the Helmholtz equation.
Creation of an Eclipse-based IDE for the D programming language (2007)

Modern IDEs support a set of impressive semantic features, such as code navigation, code assistance, and code refactoring, which greatly enhance the productivity of IDE users. Of these, Eclipse JDT stands out as one of the most advanced open-source IDEs available, and is one of several IDEs based on the Eclipse Platform, an extensible framework for the creation of custom IDEs. This document explores the issues and techniques concerning the creation of language IDEs with rich semantic features, based on the Eclipse Platform, while at the same time describing the development of one such IDE implementation for the D programming language. The architecture, and the various components of an IDE are examined, with particular focus given to the concepts and data structures that provide support for IDE semantic functionality. The application of those concepts to the creation of the D IDE implementation is then described, illustrating how it is possible, with the current state of the art, to use Eclipse and related projects to create a featurerich IDE for a new language, with functionality such as an advanced code editor, code completion, rich project model, and others.
NKX3.1 as a Marker of Prostatic Origin in Metastatic Tumors (2010)

NKX3.1 is a prostatic tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 8p. Although most studies have shown that staining for NKX3.1 protein is positive in the majority of primary prostatic adenocarcinomas, it has been shown to be downregulated in many high-grade prostate cancers, and completely lost in the majority of metastatic prostate cancers (eg, in 65% to 78% of lesions). A recent study showed that NKX3.1 staining with a novel antibody was highly sensitive and specific for high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma when compared with high-grade urothelial carcinoma. This raised the question that this antibody may perform better than earlier used antibodies in metastatic prostate tumors. However, the sensitivity and specificity for prostate carcinomas for this antibody in metastatic lesions was not determined. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) are excellent tissue markers of prostate cancer, at times they may be expressed at low levels, focally, or not at all in poorly differentiated primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of NKX3.1 as a marker of metastatic adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin. Immunohistochemical staining against NKX3.1, PSA, and PSAP was carried out on a tissue microarray (TMA) (0.6-mm tissue cores) of hormone naïve metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma specimens from lymph nodes, bone, and soft tissue. To determine the specificity of NKX3.1 for prostatic adenocarcinoma, we used TMAs that contained cancers from various sites including the urinary bladder, breast, colon, salivary gland, stomach, pancreas, thyroid, and central nervous system, and standard paraffin sections of cancers from other sites including the adrenal cortex, kidney, liver, lung, and testis. Overall 349 nonprostatic tumors were evaluated. Any nuclear staining for NKX3.1 was considered positive and the percentage of cells with nuclear staining and their mean intensity level were assessed visually. Sensitivity was calculated by considering a case positive if any TMA core was positive. The sensitivity for identifying metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas overall was 98.6% (68/69 cases positive) for NKX3.1, 94.2% (65/69 cores positive) for PSA, and 98.6% (68/69 cores positive) for PSAP. The specificity of NKX3.1 was 99.7% (1/349 nonprostatic tumors positive). The sole positive nonprostatic cancer case was an invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. NKX3.1 seems to be a highly sensitive and specific tissue marker of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. In the appropriate clinical setting, the addition of IHC staining for NKX3.1, along with other prostate-restricted markers, may prove to be a valuable adjunct to definitively determine prostatic origin in poorly differentiated metastatic carcinomas.
An information-theoretic approach to normal forms for relational and XML data (2005)

Normalization as a way of producing good relational database designs is a well-understood topic. However, the same problem of distinguishing well-designed databases from poorly designed ones arises in other data models, in particular, XML. While, in the relational world, the criteria for being well designed are usually very intuitive and clear to state, they become more obscure when one moves to more complex data models.Our goal is to provide a set of tools for testing when a condition on a database design, specified by a normal form , corresponds to a good design. We use techniques of information theory, and define a measure of information content of elements in a database with respect to a set of constraints. We first test this measure in the relational context, providing information-theoretic justification for familiar normal forms such as BCNF, 4NF, PJ/NF, 5NFR, DK/NF. We then show that the same measure applies in the XML context, which gives us a characterization of a recently introduced XML normal form called XNF. Finally, we look at information-theoretic criteria for justifying normalization algorithms.
Combining X-Ray Imaging And Machine Vision (1988)

The use of x-rays as a light source for medical diagnosis has been around since the early 20th century. The use of x-rays as a tool in nondestructive testing (for industrial use) has been around almost as long. Photographic film has been the medium that converts the x-ray energy that it encounters into areas of light and dark depending on the amount of energy absorbed. Referring to industrial use of x-rays only, many systems have been manufactured that replaced the photographic film with a combination of x-rays, fluorescent screen, and a television camera. This type of system was mainly used as a nondestructive testing tool to inspect various products (such as tires) for internal flaws and always used an operator to make the decisions. In general, the images produced by such systems were poor in nature due to lack of contrast and noise. The improvements in digital image processing and complex algorithms have made it possible to combine machine vision and x-rays to address a whole new spectrum of applications that require automatic analysis for flaw inspection. The objective of this presentation will be to familiarize the audience with some of the techniques used to solve automatic real-time x-ray problems. References will be made to real applications in the aerospace, pharmaceutical, food, and automotive industries.
Efficacy of Gait Training With Real-Time Biofeedback in Correcting Knee Hyperextension Patterns in Young Women (2011)

The present study demonstrated that knee sagittal plane kinematics may be influenced by gait retraining using real-time biofeedback.
RUC-4 (2014)

RUC-4 has favorable biochemical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, antithrombotic, and solubility properties as a prehospital therapy of myocardial infarction, but the possibility of increased bleeding with therapeutic doses remains to be evaluated.
“Mir”acles in hox gene regulation (2006)

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to control many cellular processes including developmental timing in different organisms. The prediction that miRNAs are involved in regulating hox genes of flies and mouse is quite a recent idea and is supported by the finding that mir-196 represses Hoxb8 gene expression. The non-coding regions that encode these miRNAs are also conserved across species in the same way as other mechanisms that regulate expression of hox genes. On the contrary, until now no homeotic phenotype, a hallmark of any hox gene mutation, had been associated with any hox miRNA. Recent work on bithorax complex miRNA (miR-iab-4-5p) shows, for the first time, that miRNAs can lead to homeotic transformation. This miRNA regulates Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and results in the transformation of haltere to wing. This study unveils a new complexity and finesse to the regulation of hox gene expression pattern that is needed for determining the anteroposterior body axis in all bilaterians.
Absolutely, Positively Operations Research: The Federal Express Story (1997)

Federal Express Corporation has used operations research (OR) to help make its major business decisions since its overnight package delivery operations began in 1973. An early failure pointed out the need for scientific analysis. Subsequently, a successful origin-destination model followed by models to simulate operations, finances, engine use, personal assignments, and route structures influenced the conduct of business during periods of substantial growth. There were many false starts between the successes. CEO and founder Frederick W. Smith played a central role in the use of OR at the company: he established a relationship with OR and management science personnel and this relationship supported the growth and success of the company.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum LfQi6, Derived from the Human Microbiome (2015)

We report a 2.21-Mbp draft whole-genome sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum Qi6 (LfQi6). This strain demonstrates activity against pathogenic biofilms, enhances the skin barrier, and upregulates innate immune defenses. The genome sequence information of this strain will help to identify molecules that hold promise for the discovery of novel therapeutics for dermatological disorders.
Neural Quality Estimation of Grammatical Error Correction (2018)

Grammatical error correction (GEC) systems deployed in language learning environments are expected to accurately correct errors in learners' writing. However, in practice, they often produce spurious corrections and fail to correct many errors, thereby misleading learners. This necessitates the estimation of the quality of output sentences produced by GEC systems so that instructors can selectively intervene and re-correct the sentences which are poorly corrected by the system and ensure that learners get accurate feedback. We propose the first neural approach to automatic quality estimation of GEC output sentences that does not employ any hand-crafted features. Our system is trained in a supervised manner on learner sentences and corresponding GEC system outputs with quality score labels computed using human-annotated references. Our neural quality estimation models for GEC show significant improvements over a strong feature-based baseline. We also show that a state-of-the-art GEC system can be improved when quality scores are used as features for reranking the N-best candidates.
Generation of Macrophages from Early T Progenitors In Vitro (2001)

Early T progenitors in the thymus have been reported to have the capacity to develop into B cells, thymic dendritic cells, and NK cells. Here we describe conditions that induce early T progenitors to develop into macrophages. Initially, we observed that early T progenitors could be induced to develop into macrophages by cytokines produced from a thymic stromal cell line, TFGD, and later we found that the cytokine mixture of M-CSF plus IL-6 plus IL-7 also induced macrophage differentiation from pro-T cells. M-CSF by itself was unable to induce macrophage differentiation from early T progenitors. To correlate this observation with the developmental potential of early T progenitors, mouse embryonic thymocytes were sorted into four populations, pro-T1 to pro-T4, based on the expression of CD44 and CD25, and then cultured with TFGD culture supernatant. We found that pro-T1 and pro-T2 cells, but not pro-T3 and pro-T4 cells, generate macrophages. Limiting dilution analysis of the differentiation capability of sorted pro-T2 cells also confirmed that pro-T2 cells could generate macrophages. These results suggest that T cells and thymic macrophages could originate from a common intrathymic precursor.
Telephone Sales Manpower Planning at Qantas (1979)

When the traditional procedure for planning annual manpower requirements for the telephone sales reservation offices of Qantas Airways was replaced by a model utilizing queueing and integer linear programming techniques, savings in excess of US$235,000 were realized in staff reductions over a two-year period, and investigation into applications in several other Qantas service areas continues. Relationships of staff size to waiting time and service time are also evaluated.
<i>Ab initio</i>thermodynamics calculation of the relative concentration of NV<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>and NV<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>defects in diamond (2012)

Two charge states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond are modeled using density functional theory. Vibrational properties and the free formation energies of the defects are calculated, with the implementation of the charge-neutrality condition for NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to determine the chemical potential of the electron as a function of temperature. We find that at temperatures above 600 K the concentration of NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ becomes greater than that of the NV${}^{0}$.
Nanocrystal Technology in the Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs: An Overview (2011)

Extensive attempts to overcome problems related to solubility of drugs for maximizing bioavailability at targeted sites in the body have been made. The issue of drug solubility appears to attract the continued interest of pharmaceutical manufacturers. In this context, nanocrystallization has emerged as an important tool. In the present review, the authors discuss the advantages of nanocrystallized drugs and examine the products available in the market as well as drugs in the pipeline using nanocrystal-based formulations, which are being developed by pharmaceutical companies for drug delivery.