gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possibility of Long-Term Preservation of Freeze-Dried Mouse Spermatozoa1 (2004)

Freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa are capable of participating in normal embryonic development after injection into oocytes. When the freeze-dried spermatozoa are used as a method for storage of genetic materials, however, it is essential to assure the relevance of long-term preservation over several decades or centuries. Thus, we applied the theory of accelerated degradation kinetics to freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa. Thermal denaturation kinetics were determined based on Arrhenius plots derived from transition-state theory analysis at three elevated temperatures: 30, 40, and 50 degrees C. Accelerated degradation kinetics were calculated by extrapolation of Arrhenius plots. This theory also is being applied to the long-term stability of drugs. The estimated rate of development to the blastocyst stage at 3 and 6 mo and at 1, 10, and 100 yr of sperm storage at 4 degrees C were 21.60%, 7.91%, 1.00%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. At -80 degrees C, estimated development rates to the blastocyst stage that would be expected after 100 yr of storage did not decline significantly. In addition, after 3 or 6 mo of storage at 4 or -80 degrees C, preimplantation development of the embryos derived from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was examined. The actual developmental rates to the blastocyst stage from ICSI by freeze-dried sperm stored for 3 mo at 4 and -80 degrees C were 21% and 62%, respectively, and the rates for such sperm stored for 6 mo were 13% and 59%, respectively. These results indicate that the determination of accelerated degradation kinetics can be applied to the preservation of freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa. Furthermore, for long-term preservation, freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa appear to require being kept at lower than -80 degrees C.
Lactoferrin cDNA. Expression and in vitro mutagenesis. (1994)

The full length copy DNA (cDNA) for human lactoferrin has been synthesised by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using sequence specific primers. The template was first strand cDNA, synthesised from human bone marrow RNA using oligo(dT) to prime DNA synthesis by MMLV reverse transcriptase. The full-length human lactoferrin cDNA has been expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells using the expression vector pNUT. The protein expressed from the cloned cDNA is secreted into the culture medium and yields of up to 40 mg per litre have been obtained. A mutant protein corresponding to the N-lobe of human lactoferrin (LfN) has also been expressed in BHK cells. The cDNA coding for this protein was produced by the introduction of stop codons into the region of the cDNA corresponding to the helix linking the N- and C-lobes of the native protein. LfN is also expressed as a secreted protein and has been obtained in high yield. LfN binds iron and has UV/Vis and ESR spectra which are virtually identical to the native protein. However, the pH at which iron is released from LfN is quite different to the pH of iron release from the native and the full-length recombinant protein. A number of mutations have been introduced into LfN by site-directed mutagenesis and the mutant proteins expressed in BHK cells. These mutations involve the iron binding ligands and have been designed to introduce some of the changes found in the C-lobe of melanotransferrin into LfN. An attempt has been made to express a protein corresponding to the C-lobe of human lactoferrin (LfC) by attaching the sequence for the signal peptide of lactoferrin to the cDNA sequences coding for the C-lobe.
Instantaneous Flow Rate Measurement of Ideal Gases (1996)

In this paper, a chamber called an “Isothermal Chamber” was developed. The isothermal chamber can almost realize isothermal condition due to larger heat transfer area and heat transfer coefficient by stuffing steel wool in it. Using this chamber, a simple method to measure flow rates of ideal gases was developed. As the process during charge or discharge is almost isothermal, instantaneous flow rates charged into or discharged from the chamber can be obtained measuring only pressure in the chamber. The steady and the unsteady flow rate of air were measured by the proposed method, and the effectiveness of the method was demonstrated. [S0022-0434(00)00301-4]
Market Analysis of CO 2 Sequestration in Concrete Building Products (2010)

Four typical cement based building products are studied for their abilities to sequester carbon dioxide through early age carbonation curing. They are concrete blocks, paving stones, expanded polystyrene bead (EPB) cement boards and cellulose fiber boards. Carbonation curing takes place in a chamber under a pressure of 500 kPa, at ambient temperature, for duration of 2 hours. Pure carbon dioxide gas is used to simulate the recovered CO2 from point sources. Carbon uptake, immediate strength gain and long term strength development are measured. It is found that the uptake is dependent on the type of products, water cement ratio and porosity. In the United States and Canada, the annual cement consumed in their productions is about 14 million tonnes. If all of these products were carbonation cured then the net annual sequestration of CO2 would reach 1.8 million tonnes of CO2. The proposed process offers a feasible method of safe and permanent sequestration of carbon dioxide in manufactured concrete products.
Verification and application of multi-source focus quantification (2016)

The concept of the multi-source focus correlation method was presented in 2015 [1, 2]. A more accurate understanding of real on-product focus can be obtained by gathering information from different sectors: design, scanner short loop monitoring, scanner leveling, on-product focus and topography. This work will show that chip topography can be predicted from reticle density and perimeter density data, including experimental proof. Different pixel sizes are used to perform the correlation in-line with the minimum resolution, correlation length of CMP effects and the spot size of the scanner level sensor. Potential applications of the topography determination will be evaluated, including optimizing scanner leveling by ignoring non-critical parts of the field, and without the need for time-consuming offline topography measurements.
Microcephalin/MCPH1 Associates with the Condensin II Complex to Function in Homologous Recombination Repair (2008)

Microcephalin/MCPH1 is one of the causative genes responsible for the autosomal recessive disorder primary microcephaly. Patients with this disease present with mental retardation and dramatic reduction in head size, and cells derived from these patients contain abnormally condensed chromosomes. MCPH1 contains an N-terminal BRCT and tandem C-terminal BRCT domains. More recently, MCPH1 has been implicated in the cellular response to DNA damage; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report the identification Condensin II as a major MCPH1-interacting protein. MCPH1 and Condensin II interact in vivo, mediated by the CAPG2 subunit of Condensin II binding to a middle domain (residues 376-485) of MCPH1. Interestingly, while Condensin II is not required for the IR-induced G2/M checkpoint, Condensin II-depleted cells have a defect in HR repair, which is also present in MCPH1(-/-)MEFs. Moreover, the Condensin II binding region of MCPH1 is also required for HR function. Collectively, we have identified a novel function of MCPH1 to modulate HR repair through Condensin II, and thereby maintain genome integrity.
Diffusion into a hollow cylinder (1978)

A completely general solution to the problem of diffusion into a hollow cylinder was obtained. When one of the dimensions of the cylinder, either length or radius, is large compared to the other, one of the two infinite series of this solution converges slowly and is not suitable for practical application. For these situations two alternate solutions, utilizing rapidly converging series, were obtained. Both the concentration distribution and the total uptake as functions of time are considered. A number of specializations are used to show that the solutions are reducible to the cases of a finite solid cylinder, an infinite solid cylinder, an infinite plate, and an infinite hollow cylinder. Finally, several examples are given to show the efficacy of these solutions.
Removing Scale Damage with Fast-Acting Anhydrite CaSO4 Removal System (2020)

Abstract The development of a highly efficient calcium sulfate (CaSO4) scale removal fluid containing a first-of-its class dissolver system is presented. Common CaSO4 scale dissolvers require chelant(s) along with scale converters. A drawback of this type of dissolver is that removal of anhydrite represents a problem if extended shut-in periods are necessary. To help minimize the nonproductive time (NPT) necessary to dissolve CaSO4, a solution has been identified that can restore production within two hours or less and is field-proven. Mineral anhydrite and gypsum samples were exposed to dissolver formulations at 200°F under static conditions, from one hour up to 24 hours. Dissolution kinetics investigation indicates that the limiting step is a substitution surface process that catalyzes the reaction. The formulation was generated based on the discrete chemical activities of individual components with respect to anhydrite, and then refined against a performance-based design of experiments (DoE). Various chemical agents were tested for activity as a function of the chemical functionality (i.e., carboxylate, halide, etc.). Combining the results from multiple design spaces allowed determination of the most desirable formulation. A customized performance methodology was implemented to rapidly identify formulations having a dissolution efficiency exceeding 70% within one hour, followed by a targeted design space aiming for 90% dissolution of actual wellbore anhydrite scale. All tests were conducted with low surface area samples cut from mined substrates for the purpose of experimental designs while wellbore scale was used to validate the formulation efficacy. Elemental analysis of gypsum and anhydrite dissolution products over time was conducted to elucidate kinetic parameters at 150 and 200°F from 1 to 24 hours. The dissolution of anhydrite as a function of time, at 150 and 200°F, showed limiting effect dependency as a function of scale converter concentration. Mass of scale to volume of dissolver fluid effects indicate a dependence on the converter concentration while temperature had the most significant effect. Formulations showed 60-80% dissolution in one hour using anhydrite. This signifies that wellbore and equipment clean out can be accomplished with a simple, non-corrosive treatment fluid when the mineral is of the CaSO4 type. Field trials have been conducted, demonstrating the efficacy of the fluid. The anhydrite dissolver formulation provides mineral dissolution within one hour under conditions representative of a wellbore, such as static fluid column and temperatures of 200°F. The treatment is delivered as a one-fluid system, or single treatment design, whereas a majority of existing treatments require multiple fluids providing protection to downhole equipment such as electro submersible pumps (ESP). The new system functions without the need for prolonged well shut-ins or the use of complicated treatment fluid designs.
Comparative Study of Extracts from Rhubarb on Inflammatory Activity in Raw 264.7 Cells (2009)

Rhubarb is the well-known and frequently used herbal medicine for the treatment of constipation, inflammation, and cancer. As described in the Korea and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, rhubarb consists of the roots and rhizomes of Rheum palmatum, R. officinale, and R. tanguticum. However, the pharmacological differences among rhubarb have not been scientifically established. In the present study, we investigated and compared the inhibitory effects of 70% ethanolic extracts from R. palmatum (RPE), R. officinale (ROE), R. nobile (RNE), and R. franzenbachii (RFE) on the production of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (), interlukin-1beta (), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha () in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. ROE, RNE, and RFE significantly inhibited the release of NO, , , and . RPE significantly reduced the release of , but not NO, , and . Overall, RFE was found to inhibit the release of and , to a far greater degree than RPE, ROE, and RNE. Our results indicate that RFE possess the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among 4 tested rhubarb.
Review on the development of defect‐free and ultrathin‐skinned asymmetric membranes for gas separation through manipulation of phase inversion and rheological factors (2003)

Abstract Development of high‐performance asymmetric membranes is a major breakthrough in membrane technology. A comprehensive study on original concepts and new advances in membrane formation process is necessary to generate defect‐free and ultrathin‐skinned asymmetric membranes with superior performance for gas separation process. Correlation of rheological factors with primary‐phase inversion process is a novel approach in membrane research that provides a potential platform to improve membrane performance. The former controls general morphology of membrane, whereas the latter further affects molecular orientation in membrane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 442–451, 2003
Adaptive query execution for data management in the cloud (2010)

A major component of many cloud services is query processing on data stored in the underlying cloud cluster. The traditional techniques for query processing on a cluster are those offered by parallel DBMS. These techniques however, cannot guarantee high performance for cloud; parallel DBMS lack adequate fault tolerance mechanisms in order to deal with non-negligible software and hardware failures. MapReduce, on the other hand, allows query processing solutions that are fault tolerant, but imposes substantial overheads. In this paper, we propose an adaptive software architecture which can effortlessly switch between MapReduce and parallel DBMS in order to efficiently process queries regardless of their response times. Switching between the two architectures is performed in a transparent manner based on an intuitive cost model, which computes the expected execution time in presence of failures. The experimental results show that the adaptive architecture achieves the lowest possible query execution time for various scenarios.
Evaluation of Sirtuin Role in Neuroprotection of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Hypoxia (2012)

PURPOSE. Hypoxia-induced apoptosis is responsible for reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) viability in a variety of chronic ocular disorders. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in preserving cell viability during hypoxia. We investigated the role of SIRT1 in sustaining RGC viability in an in vitro model of hypoxia. METHODS. Staurosphorine-differentiated RGCs (RGC-5) received varying hypoxic concentrations (100-500 μM) of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) for 24 hours. Hypoxia-induced cell viability was assessed by WST-1 assay. The role of SIRT1 in promoting viability was determined indirectly via sirtinol (SIRT1 inhibitor). Hypoxia-induced apoptosis was evaluated by measuring stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and caspase 3 activity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured to ascertain the influence of SIRT1. RESULTS. CoCl2 concentrations greater than 100 μM resulted in significantly reduced RGC viability (P=0.01). CoCl2 treatment increased SIRT1 levels significantly (P<0.01): 100 (6.5-fold), 200 (6-fold), 300 (3.5-fold), and 400 μM (4.5-fold). Phosphorylated SAPK/JNK increased 36-fold (200 μM CoCl2 concentration), then plateaued at the 300- (25-fold) and 400-μM (27.8-fold) CoCl2 concentrations (P<0.01). CoCl2 and sirtinol treatment increased Caspase 3 activity (P<0.05). VEGF release was significantly higher than control at the 100-μM CoCl2 concentrations (P<0.01). Sirtinol reduced RGC viability, SIRT1 levels, and VEGF release (P<0.01) while having greater effect on SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS. SIRT1 significantly influences RGC viability. Sirtinol's effect reflects the interaction SIRT1 has with apoptotic signaling proteins. This investigation demonstrated SIRT1 importance in forestalling the effects of hypoxia-induced apoptosis.
High Efficiency Antimicrobial Thiazolium and Triazolium Side-Chain Polymethacrylates Obtained by Controlled Alkylation of the Corresponding Azole Derivatives (2015)

Two series of antimicrobial polymethacrylates (PMTAs) bearing mono and bis-cationic quaternary ammonium cations (QUATs) were prepared by controlled N-alkylation of 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,3-triazole pendant groups with butyl iodide (PMTAs-BuI). The degree of quaternization (DQ) of the azole heterocycles was monitored by (1)H NMR spectroscopy over a wide range of reaction times. Spectra analysis of the (1)H NMR aromatic region allowed to characterize and quantify the different species involved and, therefore, to control the chemical composition distribution of the amphiphilic polycations. The polymer charge density and the hydrodynamic sizes were measured by zeta potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Consequently, the relationship between structure and antibacterial properties and toxicity was studied. Interestingly, these polyelectrolytes present excellent selective toxicity against bacteria being nonhemolytic even at low values of DQ. Furthermore, they were also evaluated for their microbial time-killing efficiency, presenting a 3 log-reduction in only 15 min. Additionally, the bacteria cell morphology treated with PMTAs-BuI was analyzed.
Indented Antenna Arrays for High Isolation: The Growing Interest in Simultaneous-Transmit-and-Receive-Based Full-Duplex Communication Systems (2017)

In full-duplex communication systems, reflections of transmitted waves as a result of the antenna mismatch may leak into the receiver and create strong on-site interferences. Such reflections cannot be suppressed by conventional frontend isolation techniques even with ideal circulators. Indented antenna arrays are thus proposed to destructively combine the reflection from each antenna element and prevent them from negatively impacting the receiver sensitivity. The essential idea is to break the symmetry between the transmitting and receiving paths by using an antenna aperture that is curved by indenting the antenna elements. Because of this asymmetry, all of the elements contribute to the wave transmission and reception in phase, whereas the reflections from those elements are out of phase and cancel each other out. With indented antenna configurations, broadband isolation between the transmitting and receiving paths can be achieved for both monostatic and bistatic antenna settings. The improvement is obtained without sacrificing antenna radiation patterns or polarizations. Measured results with a four-element indented quasi-Yagi antenna array operating from 3.2 to 3.4 GHz are presented. The results have demonstrated a 13-dB improvement on the antenna return loss of a single array, a 15-dB transmit/receive isolation improvement in a monostatic array, including circulators, and a 20-dB transmit/receive isolation improvement for a bistatic array without using circulators.
Gameplay using Reinforcement Learning (2019)

In this article we present a study of different Reinforcement Learning algorithms and how these algorithms can be used to train agents which can achieve human level performance in different games and control tasks.
Foundations of Logico-Linguistics. (1979)

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Foundations of Logico-Linguistics. By William S. Cooper. (Dordrecht & Boston: Beidel. 1978. Pp. xvi+250.) D. E. Over D. E. Over Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 29, Issue 116, July 1979, Pages 275–276, https://doi.org/10.2307/2218832 Published: 01 July 1979
Reconfigurable dipole chaff elements for passive standoff detection of chemical agents (2007)

Reconfigurable dipole chaff elements for the remote passive detection of chemical agents are presented in this paper. Each chaff element consists of a metallic reference dipole, and a detection dipole with a switch that changes conductivity in the presence of a chemical analyte. In the absence of an analyte, both dipoles are resonant at the same frequency; however, when the analyte is present, the resonance frequency of the detection dipole shifts. This shift in frequency is remotely detected via a RADAR system.
Identification and characterization of a collagen‐binding protein, Cbm, in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (2012)

Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, is occasionally isolated from the blood of patients with infective endocarditis. Bacterial attachment of exposed collagen tissue in the impaired endothelium is an important step in the onset of infective endocarditis. In our previous studies, some S. mutans strains were shown to possess collagen-binding activities and most of them had an approximately 120-kDa cell-surface collagen-binding protein called Cnm. However, several strains without Cnm proteins show collagen-binding properties. In the present study, another collagen-binding protein, Cbm, was characterized and its coding gene cbm was sequenced in these strains. The amino acid alignment in the putative collagen-binding domain of Cbm was shown to have approximately 80% identity and 90% similarity to the comparable region of Cnm. Cbm-deficient isogenic mutant strains constructed by insertional inactivation of the cbm gene, lacked collagen-binding properties, which were recovered in the complemented mutant. Analyses of a large number of clinical isolates from Japan, Thailand and Finland revealed that cbm-positive strains were present in all of these countries and that cnm-positive and cbm-positive strains were detected in the oral cavity of approximately 10 and 2% of systemically healthy subjects, respectively. In addition, cnm-positive strains were predominantly identified in the serotype f group, whereas cbm-positive strains were frequently detected in serotype k. These results suggest that Cbm as well as Cnm are major cell surface proteins of S. mutans associated with binding to type I collagen and predominantly identified in serotype k strains.
Dynamically Switching between Synergistic Workﬂows for Crowdsourcing (2021)

To ensure quality results from unreliable crowdsourced workers, task designers often construct complex workflows and aggregate worker responses from redundant runs. Frequently, they experiment with several alternative workflows to accomplish the task, and eventually deploy the one that achieves the best performance during early trials. Surprisingly, this seemingly natural design paradigm does not achieve the full potential of crowdsourcing. In particular, using a single workflow (even the best) to accomplish a task is suboptimal. We show that alternative workflows can compose synergistically to yield much higher quality output. We formalize the insight with a novel probabilistic graphical model. Based on this model, we design and implement AGENTHUNT, a POMDP-based controller that dynamically switches between these workflows to achieve higher returns on investment. Additionally, we design offline and online methods for learning model parameters. Live experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk demonstrate the superiority of AGENTHUNT for the task of generating NLP training data, yielding up to 50% error reduction and greater net utility compared to previous methods.