gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> domain mediating adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A: A receptor for human placental infection (1999)

Malaria during the first pregnancy causes a high rate of fetal and neonatal death. The decreasing susceptibility during subsequent pregnancies correlates with acquisition of antibodies that block binding of infected red cells to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), a receptor for parasites in the placenta. Here we identify a domain within a particular Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 that binds CSA. We cloned a var gene expressed in CSA-binding parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs). The gene had eight receptor-like domains, each of which was expressed on the surface of Chinese hamster ovary cells and was tested for CSA binding. CSA linked to biotin used as a probe demonstrated that two Duffy-binding-like (DBL) domains (DBL3 and DBL7) bound CSA. DBL7, but not DBL3, also bound chondroitin sulfate C (CSC) linked to biotin, a negatively charged sugar that does not support PRBC adhesion. Furthermore, CSA, but not CSC, blocked the interaction with DBL3; both CSA and CSC blocked binding to DBL7. Thus, only the DBL3 domain displays the same binding specificity as PRBCs. Because protective antibodies present after pregnancy block binding to CSA of parasites from different parts of the world, DBL-3, although variant, may induce cross-reactive immunity that will protect pregnant women and their fetuses.
Dry (fluxless) thermal soldering processes (1988)

Summary form only given. With the shrinking sizes of all electronic components and bonding pads, the very fast growth of surface-mount technology (SMT), and the greater demand for flip-chip device bonding, both fluxing and cleaning steps are becoming more difficult to perform effectively. A dry fluxless soldering process can avoid these limitations and provide a practical solution especially attractive to SMT. An approach for dry fluxless thermal soldering using conventional solders and soldering temperatures is being developed. The process is, however, not limited to specific solder joints and can be extended to different solder systems and different metallurgies. The basic process and the results of applying it to dry soldering of SMT parts with 60/40 solder at 240 degrees C are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A p37-based ELISA used to monitor anti–<i>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</i> IgG in serum from pigs immunized with inactivated <i>M. hyorhinis</i> vaccines (2018)

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is an important pathogen of swine that can often occur as a respiratory coinfection with viral pathogens, but can also cause arthritis and polyserositis in infected animals. To date, no assay is available to assess the serologic response to M. hyorhinis vaccines, to our knowledge. We used recombinantly expressed M. hyorhinis p37 protein to monitor the magnitude of the IgG response in vaccinated animals. The assay was able to distinguish animals vaccinated with M. hyorhinis from those vaccinated with the other important Mycoplasma species: M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyosynoviae. When formulated with an ideal adjuvant, inactivated vaccines designed to protect animals against M. hyorhinis induced a measurable and dose-dependent antibody response against the p37 protein. Additionally, the protein appears to be highly conserved between strains of M. hyorhinis isolated in the United States. The specificity of the assay as well as the conservation and immunogenicity of the p37 protein make it an ideal candidate antigen for use in measuring the immune response against M. hyorhinis after vaccination in weaned pigs.
Cyclic Prefix Noise Reduction for Digital Self Interference Cancellation in OFDM-Based In-Band Full-Duplex Wireless Systems (2021)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the pertinent waveform for current and next generation wireless systems, whose spectral efficiency can be potentially doubled by in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication. However, in OFDM based IBFD systems, digital self-interference cancellation (DSIC) employed at baseband does not provide sufficient cancellation in the cyclic prefix (CP) region. When the propagation delay between two communicating radios is non-zero, the CP noise affects the data region of the desired signal. In this work, we propose CP noise reduction (CPNR) technique for OFDM based IBFD radios. We have evaluated CPNR with time and frequency domain DSIC schemes via both simulations and MATLAB and FPGA implementations on our Software Defined Radio based IBFD radio. In the laboratory tests, the total suppression of the IBFD radio is improved by 6 dB by employing CPNR in frequency-domain DSIC and EVM for bidirectional communication is improved by up to 5%, allowing realistic propagation delays. In addition to improving the total suppression and EVM performance, CPNR is also shown to enhance the multi-path resiliency of DSIC techniques.
Inside Cover: Writing Self‐Erasing Images using Metastable Nanoparticle “Inks” (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38/2009) (2009)

Light-sensitive inks for self-erasing images are formed from metal nanoparticles (NPs) covered with photoswitchable ligands dispersed in a polymer film, as described by B. A. Grzybowski and co-workers on page 7035 ff. Upon exposure to UV light, the NPs form metastable aggregates; the apparent color corresponds to the degree of aggregation. In the absence of light, the aggregates fall apart and the images gradually self-erase. Multicolor images can be also be created with a single NP ink.
Body-doping considerations for high performance 0.1- mu m SOI MOSFETs (2002)

Various factors for determining body doping for a high performance 0.1- mu m SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFET technology are considered. Long channel constraints on body doping and thickness for assuring full depletion are treated first. Then short channel considerations for body doping for a high performance 0.1- mu m SOI MOSFET technology are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Super-High-Strength Bolt, "SHTB (2008)

Super-high-strength bolt, ® , is a new steel bolt product having a strength 1.5 times that of conventional F10T and excellent in resistance to delayed fracture. To study countermeasures against delayed fracture, a method for evaluating de- layed fracture properties was developed, and on that basis, a new steel excellent in delayed fracture resistance and a new bolt shape to prevent delayed fracture were developed. Additionally, to confirm the delayed fracture resistance of the developed bolts, atmospheric exposure tests were conducted. Use of SHTB reduces the size of a structural joint to 2/3 that of conventional ones, reducing construction costs and time and enhancing work safety.
Subpilot Demonstration of the Carbonation−Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process: High-Temperature CO<sub>2</sub> and Sulfur Capture from Coal-Fired Power Plants (2010)

Increasing concerns over growing CO2 levels in the atmosphere have led to a worldwide demand for efficient, cost-effective, and clean carbon capture technologies. One of these technologies is the Carbonation−Calcination Reaction (CCR) process, which utilizes a calcium-based sorbent in a high-temperature reaction (carbonation) to capture the CO2 from the flue gas stream and releases a pure stream of CO2 in the subsequent calcination reaction that can be sequestered. A 120 KWth subpilot-scale combustion plant utilizing coal at 20 pph along with natural gas has been established at The Ohio State University to test the CCR process. Experimental studies on CO2 capture using calcium-based sorbents have been performed at this facility. Greater than 99% CO2 and SO2 capture has been achieved at the subpilot-scale facility on a once-through basis at a Ca:C mole ratio of 1.6. In addition, the sorbent reactivity is maintained over multiple cycles by the incorporation of a sorbent reactivation hydration step in the carbonation−calcination cycle.
Development of a Gel Formulation of Formic Acid for Control of Parasitic Mites of Honey Bees (1999)

Formic acid has been used in various countries for the control of parasitic mites of honey bees (Apis mellifera), particularly the Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni) and the tracheal mite (Acarapis woodi). Its corrosivity and consequent fear of liability have precluded commercial interest in the United States, and its rapid vaporization requires frequent reapplication. We have developed a gel formulation of formic acid which provides controlled release over 2-3 weeks and improves the convenience and safety of handling of formic acid. The strong acidity of formic acid restricts the choice of gelling agents; vegetable gellants such as agar are destroyed, and bentonite clay derivatives do not gel, even with high-shear mixing. Polyacrylamides lead to viscous liquids lacking thixotropic properties. High-molecular-weight poly(acrylic acids) and fumed silicas provided gels with suitable physical characteristics. The poly(acrylic acid) gels were difficult to mix and gave slower and nonlinear release behavior, while the fumed silica gels were easy to prepare and linear in formic acid vaporization.
Dimers of Melampomagnolide B Exhibit Potent Anticancer Activity against Hematological and Solid Tumor Cells (2015)

Novel carbamate (7a-7h) and carbonate (7i, 7j, and 8) dimers of melampomagnolide B have been synthesized by reaction of the melampomagnolide-B-triazole carbamate synthon 6 with various terminal diamino- and dihydroxyalkanes. Dimeric carbamate products 7b, 7c, and 7f exhibited potent growth inhibition (GI50 = 0.16-0.99 μM) against the majority of cell lines in the NCI panel of 60 human hematological and solid tumor cell lines. Compound 7f and 8 exhibited anticancer activity that was 300-fold and 1 × 10(6)-fold more cytotoxic than DMAPT, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM against rat 9L-SF gliosarcoma cells. Compounds 7a-7j and 8 were also screened against M9-ENL1 and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) primary cell lines and exhibited 2- to 10-fold more potent antileukemic activity against M9-ENL1 cells (EC50 = 0.57-2.90 μM) when compared to parthenolide (EC50 = 6.0) and showed potent antileukemic activity against five primary AML cell lines (EC50 = 0.76-7.3 μM).
Maintenance of Chicken Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro (2006)

In this chapter, we describe the methods we have used to show that chicken leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) maintains chicken embryonic stem (ES) cells in an undifferentiated state in culture. Recombinant chicken LIF (rchLIF) was expressed as a fusion protein linked to glutathione S-transferase (GST) and purified to greater than 90% purity in two chromatography stages, the first an affinity step using the GST tail, which was cleaved before further purification by gel chromatography. Chicken ES cells were obtained by culturing chicken blastodermal cells isolated from stage X embryos of freshly laid chicken eggs. These cells can be maintained in media containing rchLIF for at least 9 d without any other cytokines or feeder cells. Chicken ES cells were characterized by the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity, stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-1 and embryonal carcinoma cell monoclonal antibody-1. In addition, the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 by LIF, which is sufficient to maintain the undifferentiated state of ES cells, was detected by Western blotting analysis.
Genetic Relationships between Loci Controlling the High Stearic and the High Oleic Acid Traits in Sunflower (2000)

Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) lines with seed oils containing either high oleic (C18:1) or high stearic (C18:0) acid have been obtained through induced mutagenesis. The combination of the seed oil phenotypes of these lines would result in a novel oil quality of great value for the food industry. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the genetic relationships between the high C18:0 and the high C18:1 traits, and (ii) to combine both characters. The sunflower lines HAOL‐9 (high C18:1), carrying the high C18:1 Ol alleles, and CAS‐3 (high C18:0), with the high C18:0 alleles es1 and es2 , were reciprocally crossed. The fatty acid content of the F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 F 1 to both parents, and F 3 seeds was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). The segregation patterns for C18:0 (F 2 ratio of 15:1) and C18:1 (F 2 ratio of 1:3 or 7:9) in the F 2 and BC 1 F 1 to both parents fit those previously reported when each fatty acid was studied independently. However, a distortion was observed in their combined segregation, indicating that neither character was independently inherited. Furthermore, the analysis of the F 3 generation revealed that F 2 half seeds with the highest C18:0 concentration in a high C18:1 background were still heterozygous for either the C18:0 or the C18:1 levels, suggesting a genetic linkage between the alleles Es2 and Ol These alleles determine a lower C18:0 and a higher C18:1 content, respectively. No F 2 recombination between them was achieved, resulting in the absence of high C18:0/high C18:1 phenotypes. However, some intermediate C18:0/high C18:1 F 2 seeds led to stable F 3 seeds with this phenotype (130 g kg −1 C18:0/790 g kg −1 C18:1).
Energy Assisted Magnetic Recording (2011)

Energy assisted magnetic recording physics are studied by optical-thermal-magnetic modeling and spin-stand testing. Specifically, effects of DC-media noise, jitter noise, heat sink and head geometry to EAMR recording performance are discussed.
Elucidating the role of Neuropilin-1 in intra-tumoral regulatory T cell stability (2015)

Meeting abstracts Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an integral role in the adaptive immune system through suppression of self-reactive immune responses in order to prevent autoimmunity and maintain homeostasis. However, they are deleterious in cancer through suppression of the anti-tumor immune
Electrokinetic Remediation of Unsaturated Soils (1994)

An electrokinetic process for in situ remediation of anionic contaminants from unsaturated soil is under development at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The electromigration rate of anionic food dye ions through unsaturated sand under constant current conditions was measured at various moisture contents ranging from 4 wt% to 27 wt%. The results indicate a maximum migration rate at moisture contents between 14 wt% and 18 wt% water. The drop in the electromigration rate at lower moisture contents is explained by rapid increases in pore tortuosity. The decrease of the migration rate at higher moisture contents is explained by the expected decrease in the pore water current density. In an experiment using chromate ions, the chromate moved faster than dye ions in an analogous experiment. This was expected because chromate is a smaller molecule. When the chromate reached the graphite anode, it apparently migrated into the slightly porous graphite.
Behavioral Recovery in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats by Cotransduction of Striatum with Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Genes Using Two Separate Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors (1998)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a severe decrease in dopamine in the striatum. A promising approach to the gene therapy of PD is intrastriatal expression of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway for dopamine. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the synthesis of L-dopa, which must be converted to dopamine by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Since the endogenous AADC activity in the striatum is considered to be low, coexpression of both TH and AADC in the same striatal cells would increase the dopamine production and thereby augment the therapeutic effects. In the present study, the TH gene and also the AADC gene were simultaneously transduced into rat striatal cells, using two separate adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, AAV-TH and AAV-AADC. Immunostaining showed that TH and AADC were coexpressed efficiently in the same striatal cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, cotransduction with these two AAV vectors resulted in more effective dopamine production and more remarkable behavioral recovery in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, compared with rats receiving AAV-TH alone (p < 0.01). These findings suggest an alternative strategy for gene therapy of PD and indicate that the simultaneous transduction with two AAV vectors can extend their utility for potential gene therapy applications.
Decreased extra-renal urate excretion is a common cause of hyperuricemia (2012)

ABCG2, also known as BCRP, is a high-capacity urate exporter, the dysfunction of which raises gout/hyperuricemia risk. Generally, hyperuricemia has been classified into urate 'overproduction type' and/or 'underexcretion type' based solely on renal urate excretion, without considering an extra-renal pathway. Here we show that decreased extra-renal urate excretion caused by ABCG2 dysfunction is a common mechanism of hyperuricemia. Clinical parameters, including urinary urate excretion, are examined in 644 male outpatients with hyperuricemia. Paradoxically, ABCG2 export dysfunction significantly increases urinary urate excretion and risk ratio of urate overproduction. Abcg2-knockout mice show increased serum uric acid levels and renal urate excretion, and decreased intestinal urate excretion. Together with high ABCG2 expression in extra-renal tissues, our data suggest that the 'overproduction type' in the current concept of hyperuricemia be renamed 'renal overload type', which consists of two subtypes-'extra-renal urate underexcretion' and genuine 'urate overproduction'-providing a new concept valuable for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
Domain wall pinning for racetrack memory using exchange bias (2015)

The development of racetrack memory has been limited by the inability to produce domain wall pinning sites in the nanowires which pin domain walls reproducibly. Several techniques have been proposed to achieve the required domain wall pinning including the cutting of notches and the use of steps in ferromagnetic wires. These have had some limited success but are expensive to fabricate.
Throughput enabled rate adaptation in wireless networks  (2015)

Rate adaptation in a digital wireless communication network is performed by measuring by a wireless node data throughput values attained while communicating at different data rates on a channel in the network. The node calculates from the measured throughput alone a current transmission rate without any a priori knowledge of a state of the channel. The transmission rate calculation involves calculating a ratio of the measured throughput with respect to an exponential weighted moving average of the measured throughput. By repeating the measurements and calculations periodically, the rate used for transmission by the node is adapted automatically.
KIR3DL2 expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: expanding the spectrum for KIR3DL2 targeting (2017)

KIR3DL2, a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor normally expressed by a subset of natural killer (NK) cells, is aberrantly expressed in Szary syndrome (SS), an aggressive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). In SS patients, the detection of KIR3DL2 expression on circulating tumor cells using flow cytometry is useful for diagnosis, follow-up of circulating tumor cell burden, and prognosis. The detection of KIR3DL2, PLS3, Twist, and NKp46 gene expression in the blood using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may also be used for reliable SS diagnosis. 3 ] IPH4102 appears to be safe and have beneficial clinical activity in the IPH4102-101 phase 1 study (NCT02593045). n a context of unmet medical need for therapy of patients with advanced-stage CTCL, we studied the expression of KIR3DL2, the IPH4102 target, in all CTCL World Health Organization subtypes 9 to identify all potential candidates for KIR3DL2-targeted therapy. The secondary objectives were to study the association between KIR3DL2 in situ expression and mycosis fungoides (MF)/SS disease stage and examine the potential prognostic value of KIR3DL2 in situ expression for overall survival (OS) in CTCL.
A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models (2017)

Progressive kidney diseases are often associated with scarring of the kidney's filtration unit, a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This scarring is due to loss of podocytes, cells critical for glomerular filtration, and leads to proteinuria and kidney failure. Inherited forms of FSGS are caused by Rac1-activating mutations, and Rac1 induces TRPC5 ion channel activity and cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes. Whether TRPC5 activity mediates FSGS onset and progression is unknown. We identified a small molecule, AC1903, that specifically blocks TRPC5 channel activity in glomeruli of proteinuric rats. Chronic administration of AC1903 suppressed severe proteinuria and prevented podocyte loss in a transgenic rat model of FSGS. AC1903 also provided therapeutic benefit in a rat model of hypertensive proteinuric kidney disease. These data indicate that TRPC5 activity drives disease and that TRPC5 inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases.
Enhanced Fidelity in Mismatch Extension by DNA Polymerase through Directed Combinatorial Enzyme Design (2005)

How is a selective enzyme made even more selective? With a combinatorial approach to redesign an enzyme motif (see figure; red=O, blue=N), the mismatch extension selectivity of DNA polymerases was increased. The results impart new and deeper insight into the mechanisms of DNA polymerases and provide new tools for applications such as efficient genotyping.
High-Temperature Selective Emitter Design and Materials: Titanium Aluminum Nitride Alloys for Thermophotovoltaics (2019)

The efficiency of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system depends critically upon the spectral selectivity and stability of an emitter, which may operate most effectively at temperatures in excess of 1000 °C. We computationally design and experimentally demonstrate a novel selective emitter design based on multilayer nanostructures, robust to off-normal emission angles. A computational search of the material and temperature compatibility space of simple emitter designs motivates new material classes and identifies several promising multilayer nanostructure designs for both TPV absorber and emitter applications. One such structure, comprising a thin (<100 nm) tunable Ti<sub><i>x</i></sub>Al<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>N (TiAlN) absorber and refractory oxide Bragg reflector is grown on W metal foil. In agreement with simulations, the emitter achieves record spectral efficiency (43.4%) and power density (3.6 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) for an emitter with at least 1 h of high temperature (>800 °C) operation.
Near-infrared silicon quantum dots metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor photodetector (2009)

A fully silicon-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is demonstrated for the detection of near-infrared light. Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) are synthesized in the nanopore channels of mesoporous silica (MS) inserted between two oxide layers to form a complete gate structure of polycrystalline Si/SiO2/nc-Si-in-MS/SiO2 with a polycrystalline Si electrode. Illuminating the gate with near-infrared light, a photoresponsivity as high as 2.8 A/W at 1.55 μm can be achieved. The improved photoresponsivity is attributed to from optical transitions via interface states and a current amplification mechanism of the device.