gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UHF-band bandpass filters with fully-reconfigurable transfer function (2018)

This paper presents a lumped-element bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple levels of transfer-function tunability including bandwidth (BW), center frequency, and intrinsic RF switching. The reported filter is based on a cascaded-resonator structure that exhibits three poles and two transmission zeros (TZs). Transfer-function reconfigurability is achieved by only tuning the filter's resonators via variable capacitors which results in less in-band insertion-loss (IL) variation and better linearity than in conventional filter schemes in which coupling controllability is required. For practical-validation purposes, a lumped-element BPF prototype was designed, built, and measured in the UHF band. It exhibits center-frequency tunability of 1.63:1, BW tunability of 7.3:1 and minimum in-band IL in the range 1.26-3.96 dB.
Quantum cipher based on phase inversion (2018)

We present a quantum version of a cipher used in cryptography where the message to be communicated is encoded into the relative phase of a quantum state using the shared key. The encoded quantum information carrying the message is actually sent to the recipient over a quantum channel, assuming the proper secrecy of shared key between peers.
Detection of HCV core antigen in human serum and plasma with an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (2002)

These data indicate that the automated, microparticle-based chemiluminescent HCV core antigen assay can reduce the window period for detection of potentially infected blood donors by 32.7 days, and it represents a viable alternative to HCV RNA testing.
Process for recovery of hydrogen and (1987)

on of sulfur Abstract A process of abstracting sulfur from H.sub.2 S and generating hydrogen is disclosed comprising dissolving Pd.sub.2 X.sub.2 (.mu.-dppm).sub.2 in a solvent and then introducing H.sub.2 S. The palladium complex abstracts sulfur, forming hydrogen and a (.mu.-S) complex. The (.mu.-S) complex is readily oxidizable to a (.mu.-SO.sub.2) adduct which spontaneously loses SO.sub.2 and regenerates the palladium complex.
Expression of sialic acid and polysialic acid in serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis: divergent transcription of biosynthesis and transport operons through a common promoter region (1996)

We studied capsule-defective (Cap-) serogroup B meningococcal mutants created through Tn916 or omega-fragment mutagenesis. The Cap- phenotypes were the results of insertions in three of four linked genes (synX, synC, and synD) involved in CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid and polysialic acid capsule biosynthesis, and in ctrA the first of four linked genes involved in capsule membrane transport. Mutations in the CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid biosynthesis genes synX and synC caused defects in lipooligosaccharide sialylation but not mutations in the putative (alpha2 -> 8)-linked polysialyltransferase (synD) or in ctrA. Reverse transcriptase PCR studies indicated that the four biosynthesis genes (synX to -D) and the capsule transport genes (ctr to -D) were separately transcribed as operons. The operons were separated by a 134-bp intergenic region. Primer extension of synX and ctrA demonstrated that transcription of the operons was divergently initiated from adjacent start sites present in the intergenic region. Both transcriptional start sites were preceded by a perfect -10 Pribnow promoter binding region. The synX to -D, but not the ctrA to -D, transcriptional start site was preceded by a sequence bearing strong homology to the consensus sigma 70 -35 promoter binding sequence. Both promoters showed transcriptional activity when cloned behind a lacZ reporter gene in Escherichia coli. Our results confirm the intrinsic relationship between polysialic acid capsule biosynthesis and lipooligosaccharide sialylation pathways in group B Neisseria meningitidis. Our study also suggests that the intergenic region separating the synX to -D and ctrA to -D operons is an important control point for the regulation of group B capsule expression through coordinated transcriptional regulation of the synX to -D and drA to -D promoters.
In vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos constructed using fetal fibroblasts (2000)

The in vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer embryos constructed using primary cultures from day 25 fetal fibroblasts which were either rapidly dividing (cycling) or had their cell-cycle synchronized in G0/G1 using serum starvation (serum-starved) was examined. Oocyte-karyoplast complexes were fused and activated simultaneously and then cultured in vitro for seven days to assess development. Fusion rates were not different for either cell population. The proportion of reconstructed embryos that cleaved was higher in the cycling group compared to the serum-starved group (79 vs. 56% respectively; P < 0.05). Development to the 4-cell stage was not different using either population. Both treatments supported similar rates of development to the morula (1.5 vs. 7%, cycling vs. serum-starved) and blastocyst stage (1.5 vs. 3%, cycling vs. serum-starved). The blastocyst produced using cycling cells had a total cell number of 10. Total cell numbers for the three blastocysts produced serum-starved cells were 22, 24, and 33. These blastocysts had inner cell mass numbers of 0, 15, and 4, respectively. Six hundred and thirty-five nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using serum-starved cells were transferred to 15 temporarily mated recipients for 3-4 days. Of these, 486 were recovered (77% recovery rate) of which 106 (22%) had developed to the 4-cell stage or later. These were transferred to a total of 15 recipients which were either unmated or mated. Seven recipients farrowed a total of 51 piglets. Microsatellite analysis revealed that none of these were derived from the nuclear transfer embryos transferred.
The in vitro Activity of Pentane-1,5-diol against Aerobic Bacteria. A New Antimicrobial Agent for Topical Usage? (2005)

Multi-resistance to antibiotic therapy and to biocides is becoming increasingly common, which has led to mounting concern worldwide regarding the future use of traditional antimicrobials. Diols or glycols also have antimicrobial effects. Pentane-1,5-diol has low oral toxicity, is essentially non-irritating to the skin and has high antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses. The effect of pentane-1,5-diol against both sensitive and multi-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was tested in vitro against 85 bacterial strains showing minimal inhibitory concentrations in the range of 2.5 to 15.0% (vol/vol) against both antibiotic-susceptible and multi-resistant aerobic bacteria. The exact mechanism of action is unknown but probably pentane-1,5-diol sucks water out of the bacterial cells which then collapse, a mechanism to which it is probably very difficult to develop resistance. The high activity against multi-resistant bacteria makes pentane-1,5-diol an interesting new compound for topical antimicrobial therapy in humans.
2-D analog filters for real time video signal processing (1990)

A practical hardware design of a two-dimensional (2D) analog filter proposed by M.A. Sid-Ahmed (IEEE Circ. and Syst., vol.36, p.153-4, Jan. 1989) is developed. The structure is implemented using charge coupled device (CCD) analog shift registers and wideband operational amplifiers. The operation of the filter is demonstrated by processing TV video images in real time. The 2D analog approach is evaluated by comparison with a 2D distributed arithmetic digital filter. The analog approach offers realization at lower cost, less power consumption, higher resolution, and inherent true real-time capability independent of filter order.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal erasure protection for scalably compressed video streams with limited retransmission (2005)

This paper shows how the priority encoding transmission (PET) framework may be leveraged to exploit both unequal error protection and limited retransmission for RD-optimized delivery of streaming media. Previous work on scalable media protection with PET has largely ignored the possibility of retransmission. Conversely, the PET framework has not been harnessed by the substantial body of previous work on RD optimized hybrid forward error correction/automatic repeat request schemes. We limit our attention to sources which can be modeled as independently compressed frames (e.g., video frames), where each element in the scalable representation of each frame can be transmitted in one or both of two transmission slots. An optimization algorithm determines the level of protection which should be assigned to each element in each slot, subject to transmission bandwidth constraints. To balance the protection assigned to elements which are being transmitted for the first time with those which are being retransmitted, the proposed algorithm formulates a collection of hypotheses concerning its own behavior in future transmission slots. We show how the PET framework allows for a decoupled optimization algorithm with only modest complexity. Experimental results obtained with Motion JPEG2000 compressed video demonstrate that substantial performance benefits can be obtained using the proposed framework.
Effects of Nitrogen Doping on Basal Plane Dislocation Reduction in 8° Off-Cut 4H-SiC Epilayers (2011)

The effectiveness of an in-situ growth interrupt in nitrogen doped 8° off-cut epilayers was investigated using ultraviolet photoluminescence imaging. Low-doped n-type epilayers (<1016 cm-3) exhibited an abrupt increase in BPD to TED conversion at the growth interrupt and achieved 96-99% conversion overall (< 10 BPDs/cm-2), while high-doped epilayers had minimal conversion at the interrupt (< 1%) and overall (< 30%). This large discrepancy suggests nitrogen prohibits or alters the conversion mechanism at the growth interrupt. Therefore, a novel SEM technique was developed to "freeze-in" the interface morphology and help elucidate the conversion mechanism. Preliminary results suggest that preferential etching at the point of BPD intersection with the surface is greatly reduced in highly doped layers, which inhibits the conversion mechanism.
Choline monooxygenase, an unusual iron-sulfur enzyme catalyzing the first step of glycine betaine synthesis in plants: Prosthetic group characterization and cDNA cloning (1997)

Plants synthesize the osmoprotectant glycine betaine via the route choline --> betaine aldehyde --> glycine betaine. In spinach, the first step is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase (CMO), a ferredoxin-dependent stromal enzyme that has been hypothesized to be an oligomer of identical subunits and to be an Fe-S protein. Analysis by HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization MS confirmed that native CMO contains only one type of subunit (Mr 42,864). Determination of acid-labile sulfur and nonheme iron demonstrated that there is one [2Fe-2S] cluster per subunit, and EPR spectral data indicated that this cluster is of the Rieske type--i.e., coordinated by two Cys and two His ligands. A full-length CMO cDNA (1,622 bp) was cloned from spinach using a probe generated by PCR amplification for which the primers were based on internal peptide sequences. The ORF encoded a 440-amino acid polypeptide that included a 60-residue transit peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence included two Cys-His pairs spaced 16 residues apart, a motif characteristic of Rieske-type Fe-S proteins. Larger regions that included this motif also showed some sequence similarity (approximately 40%) to Rieske-type proteins, particularly bacterial oxygenases. Otherwise there was very little similarity between CMO and proteins from plants or other organisms. RNA and immunoblot analyses showed that the expression of CMO in leaves increased several-fold during salinization. We conclude that CMO is a stress-inducible representative of a new class of plant oxygenases.
Ion Soft Landing Using a Rectilinear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2008)

A new ion soft landing instrument has been built for the controlled deposition of mass selected polyatomic ions. The instrument has been operated with an electrospray ionization source; its major components are an electrodynamic ion funnel to reduce ion loss, a 90-degree bent square quadrupole that prevents deposition of fast neutral molecules onto the landing surface, and a novel rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass analyzer. The ion trap is elongated (inner dimensions: 8 mm x 10 mm x 10 cm). Three methods of mass analysis have been implemented. (i) A conventional mass-selective instability scan with radial resonance ejection can provide a complete mass spectrum. (ii) The RIT can also be operated as a continuous rf/dc mass filter for isolation and subsequent soft landing of ions of the desired m/ z value. (iii) The 90-degree bent square quadrupole can also be used as a continuous rf/dc mass filter. The mass resolution (50% definition) of the RIT in the trapping mode (radial ion ejection) is approximately 550. Ions from various test mixtures have been mass selected and collected on fluorinated self-assembled monolayers on gold substrates, as verified by analysis of the surface rinses. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) has been used to confirm intact deposition of [Val (5)]-Angiotensin I on a surface. Nonmass selective currents up to 1.1 nA and mass-selected currents of up to 500 pA have been collected at the landing surface using continuous rf/dc filtering with the RIT. A quantitative analysis of rinsed surfaces showed that the overall solution-to-solution soft landing yields are between 0.2 and 0.4%. Similar experiments were performed with rf/dc isolation of both arginine and lysine from a mixture using the bent square quadrupole in the rf/dc mode. The unconventional continuous mass selection methods maximize soft landing yields, while still allowing the simple acquisition of full mass spectra.
Direct measurement of mutational spectra in humans (1989)

By combining high fidelity in vitro DNA amplification and mutant DNA sequence separation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, we are able to directly observe mutational hotspots in human genomic DNA. Our technological development has progressed through the stage of identifying mutant sequences in independently derived, 6-thioguanine-resistant human B cells. We are now analyzing uncloned, complex populations derived from several thousand 6-thioguanine-resistant cells and report preliminary data concerning the mutational spectra of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide and ultraviolet light in exon 3 of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. In addition, the approach appears to be general for any gene sequence for which a means to select mutants exists. The more global need to eliminate phenotypic selection is, however, our primary impetus. Our analysis leads us to conclude that no known in vitro DNA polymerase has sufficient fidelity to permit direct observation of unselected mutants. Therefore, an additional change in technology will be necessary to observe nonselected mutant DNA sequences at the low frequencies found in human tissues.
Polarization-independent orbital angular momentum generator based on a chiral fiber grating (2018)

A polarization-independent orbital angular momentum (OAM) generator, based on a chiral fiber grating (CFG), is proposed and demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Helical phases were successfully excited in this device for the arbitrary polarization states of the input light, and the resulting OAM modes could be produced with a desired polarization state. The employed CFG was fabricated by twisting a fused few-mode fiber during hydrogen-oxygen flame heating. The polarization characteristics, helical phase, and purity of the coupled modes in the CFG were experimentally investigated for varying input light polarization states. The results showed that the coupled higher-order modes had the same polarization as the input fundamental mode. The chirality of the excited OAM was polarization-independent and determined solely by the helicity of the CFG. The purity of the OAM mode was higher than 93% with a slight fluctuation of 2% which occurred during measurement processing.
3-D Antenna Structures Using Novel Direct-Write Additive Manufacturing Method (2015)

Sub-mm wavelength 3-D antennas are emerging as critical elements for ultrafast data transfer for various applications. The inherent 2-D nature of lithographic processes severely limits the available manufacturing routes to fabricate such antennas. In this work, we demonstrate a novel additive manufacturing method to fabricate 3-D metal-dielectric antenna structures at sub-mm length scale. A UV curable dielectric is dispensed from an Aerosol Jet system and instantaneously cured to form complex 3-D shapes. A metal nano particle ink is then dispensed over the 3-D dielectric, also by the Aerosol Jet technique, followed by thermal sintering. This novel method opens up the possibility of fabricating an entirely new class of 3-D antenna structures at sub-mm length scales.
Application of adaptive impulsive noise separation to automotive squeak and rattle detection/quantification (1999)

Abnormal noises such as road-induced squeaks and rattles (S&R) in automobiles are very undesired and perceived as quality risks to the customers. Subjective evaluation by trained experts is the typical S&R assessment procedure for product development and quality control. S&R noises usually have impulsive characteristics (time varying, and transient), and are very difficult to be detected and quantified objectively using traditional signal processing techniques. Emerging wavelet signal processing technique and kurtosis impulsive criteria were used to develop an objective impulsive noise detection and separation technique (US Patent Filed). The method has been shown to work successfully with S&R samples in various frequency bands. The technique has been implemented in a portable PC to acquire or operate on any pre-recorded acoustic signal. The system then automatically detects the presence of any S&R, and separates them from the original composite signal. The results can be played back for listening or processed to characterize, and quantify the S&R noises. These new impulsive noise detection and separation tools have been applied to S&R assessment at the vehicle level and subsystem durability tests. Applications to vibration problems have been envisioned. Conceptually, this technique may also have potential signal enhancement applications in the telecommunication field.
Testable Path Delay Fault Cover for Sequential Circuits (2000)

We present an algorithm for identifying a set of faults that do not have to be targeted by a sequential delay fault test generator. These faults either cannot independently affect the performance of the circuit, or no test can be generated for them. To find such faults, our methodology takes advantage of the sequential behavior of the circuit as well as of the information about uncontrollable signals in the sequential circuit. It can handle sequential circuits described as two- or multi-level netlists. The outcome of applying our methodology is a smaller fault set and possibly a smaller test set. We present experimental results on several ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits demonstrating that a large number of path delay faults in these circuits either cannot or do not have to be examined for delay defects.
Photonic Crystal Fibers: New Solutions in Fiber Optics (2002)

Optical fibers with tiny air holes running along their length have recently aroused great excitement due to their unusual optical properties and their potential for device design. The article describes the new fiber waveguide forms enabled by this technology.
A General and Efficient Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Olefins (2010)

Breaking with conventional wisdom: Hydroformylation catalysts are generally based on rhodium; earlier, cobalt was used. Iridium, which is less expensive than rhodium, was considered too unreactive. However, iridium/phosphine complexes have now been shown to form active catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins under mild conditions (see scheme; R1, R2=H, alkyl, aryl; R3=H, alkyl). Competing hydrogenation side reactions can be suppressed.
A Context-aware Framework for Detecting Sensor-based Threats on Smart\n Devices (2019)

Sensors (e.g., light, gyroscope, accelerometer) and sensing-enabled\napplications on a smart device make the applications more user-friendly and\nefficient. However, the current permission-based sensor management systems of\nsmart devices only focus on certain sensors and any App can get access to other\nsensors by just accessing the generic sensor Application Programming Interface\n(API). In this way, attackers can exploit these sensors in numerous ways: they\ncan extract or leak users' sensitive information, transfer malware, or record\nor steal sensitive information from other nearby devices. In this paper, we\npropose 6thSense, a context-aware intrusion detection system which enhances the\nsecurity of smart devices by observing changes in sensor data for different\ntasks of users and creating a contextual model to distinguish benign and\nmalicious behavior of sensors. 6thSense utilizes three different Machine\nLearning-based detection mechanisms (i.e., Markov Chain, Naive Bayes, and LMT).\nWe implemented 6thSense on several sensor-rich Android-based smart devices\n(i.e., smart watch and smartphone) and collected data from typical daily\nactivities of 100 real users. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of\n6thSense against three sensor-based threats: (1) a malicious App that can be\ntriggered via a sensor, (2) a malicious App that can leak information via a\nsensor, and (3) a malicious App that can steal data using sensors. Our\nextensive evaluations show that the 6thSense framework is an effective and\npractical approach to defeat growing sensor-based threats with an accuracy\nabove 96% without compromising the normal functionality of the device.\nMoreover, our framework reveals minimal overhead.\n
Direct fermentation of 2‐keto‐l‐gulonic acid in recombinant Gluconobacter oxydans (1998)

We isolated Gluconobacter oxydans T-100 that had an activity to produce 2-KLGA from d-sorbitol; however, the yield of 2-KLGA was quite insufficient. Therefore, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of l-sorbosone and 2-KLGA, l-sorbose dehydrogenase (SDH) and l-sorbosone dehydrogenase (SNDH), respectively, were purified from G. oxydans T-100. A genomic library of G. oxydans T-100 was screened to clone both genes for SDH and SNDH based on their amino acid sequences. SNDH and SDH were encoded in sequential open reading frames with 1497 and 1596 nucleotides, respectively, which were verified by the expression in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence of SDH and SNDH showed close similarity with E. coli choline dehydrogenase (CDH) and betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), respectively, which cooperatively play a key role for conferring osmotic tolerance. Because the yield of 2-KLGA by G. oxydans introduced with the genes for SDH and SNDH were insufficient, replacement of the promoter with that of Escherichia coli tufB1 in combination with chemical mutagenesis by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine resulted in improvement of the production level. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:309–315, 1998.