gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing the sensitivity of DNA microarrays by metal-enhanced fluorescence using surface-bound silver nanoparticles (2006)

The effects of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) have been measured for two dyes commonly used in DNA microarrays, Cy3 and Cy5. Silver island films (SIFs) grown on glass microscope slides were used as substrates for MEF DNA arrays. We examined MEF by spotting biotinylated, singly-labeled 23 bp DNAs onto avidin-coated SIF substrates. The fluorescence enhancement was found to be dependent on the DNA spotting concentration: below approximately 12.5 muM, MEF increased linearly, and at higher concentrations MEF remained at a constant maximum of 28-fold for Cy5 and 4-fold for Cy3, compared to avidin-coated glass substrates. Hybridization of singly-labeled oligonucleotides to arrayed single-stranded probes showed lower maximal MEF factors of 10-fold for Cy5 and 2.5-fold for Cy3, because of the smaller amount of immobilized fluorophores as a result of reduced surface hybridization efficiencies. We discuss how MEF can be used to increase the sensitivity of DNA arrays, especially for far red emitting fluorophores like Cy5, without significantly altering current microarray protocols.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp<sup>3</sup>)−H Borylation of Aminocyclopropanes (2022)

Transition-metal-catalyzed regio- and stereo-controllable C-H functionalization remains a formidable challenge in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we disclose the first example of iridium-catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H borylation of aminocyclopropanes by using simple imides as weakly coordinating directing groups under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded via a six-membered iridacycle, affording a vast range of chiral aminocyclopropyl boronates. The current method features a broad spectrum of functional groups (36 examples) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99 %). We also demonstrated the synthetic utility by a preparative scale C-H borylation, C-B bond transformations, and conversion of the directing group.
Overexpression of OSBP-related protein 2 (ORP2) induces changes in cellular cholesterol metabolism and enhances endocytosis (2005)

ORP2 [OSBP (oxysterol-binding protein)-related protein 2] belongs to the 12-member mammalian ORP gene/protein family. We characterize in the present study the effects of inducible ORP2 overexpression on cellular cholesterol metabolism in HeLa cells and compare the results with those obtained for CHO cells (Chinese-hamster ovary cells) that express ORP2 constitutively. In both cell systems, the prominent phenotype is enhancement of [14C]cholesterol efflux to all extracellular acceptors, which results in a reduction of cellular free cholesterol. No change was observed in the plasma membrane cholesterol content or distribution between raft and non-raft domains upon ORP2 expression. However, elevated HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase activity and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor expression, as well as enhanced transport of newly synthesized cholesterol to a cyclodextrin-accessible pool, suggest that the ORP2 expression stimulates transport of cholesterol out of the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast with ORP2/CHO cells, the inducible ORP2/HeLa cells do not show down-regulation of cholesterol esterification, suggesting that this effect represents an adaptive response to long-term cholesterol depletion in the CHO cell model. Finally, we provide evidence that ORP2 binds PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and enhances endocytosis, phenomena that are probably interconnected. Our results suggest a function of ORP2 in both cholesterol trafficking and control of endocytic membrane transport.
Embracing the Complexity of Catalytic Structures: A Viewpoint on the Synthesis of Nonstoichiometric Mixed Metal Oxides for Catalysis (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTEmbracing the Complexity of Catalytic Structures: A Viewpoint on the Synthesis of Nonstoichiometric Mixed Metal Oxides for CatalysisJuliana S. A. CarneiroJuliana S. A. CarneiroDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United StatesMore by Juliana S. A. Carneiro, Jillian WilliamsJillian WilliamsDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United StatesMore by Jillian Williams, Aleksandra GrykoAleksandra GrykoDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United StatesMore by Aleksandra Gryko, Laura Paz HerreraLaura Paz HerreraDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United StatesMore by Laura Paz Herrera, and Eranda Nikolla*Eranda NikollaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States*E-mail for E.N.: [email protected]More by Eranda Nikollahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-884XCite this: ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 1, 516–527Publication Date (Web):November 27, 2019Publication History Received30 September 2019Published online27 November 2019Published inissue 3 January 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.9b04226https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b04226editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4473Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Ions,Metals,Nanoparticles,Oxides,Precursors Get e-Alerts
[Evaluation of antimicrobial drugs and atmospheres for the isolation of Campylobacter fetus subspp. from the bovine genital tract]. (1993)

Growth of 3 reference bovine C. fetus strains in media with and without antibiotics and bacteriostats active against the most common contaminant bacteria in the bovine genital tract was evaluated. In addition, 2 regional bovine C. fetus strains and 1 reference C. sputorum biovar bubulus strain were used in some experiments. Reference strain C. fetus subsp. venerealis was completely inhibited by polymyxin (> or = 0.25 IU/ml) whereas the other C. fetus strains were not inhibited. In Shepler's medium supplemented with rifampicin (10 micrograms/ml) subsp. fetus, was the only one to grow. When rifampicin was used at 5 micrograms/ml together with a reduced dose of the other Shepler's antibiotics, especially polymyxin B (0.85 IU/ml), subsp. venerealis was able to grow; nevertheless even at such a reduced dose, rifampicin was inhibitory for the biotype intermedius. It was demonstrated that triclosan (Irgasan) could be very useful at < or = 10 micrograms/ml in media with added blood, < or = 6 micrograms/ml in brucella broth and < or = 3 micrograms/ml in Mueller-Hinton broth for isolation of all subspecies of C. fetus. The sensitivity of C. fetus to 5-fluorouracil was variable: subsp. fetus was resistant (up to 800 micrograms/ml) whereas subspp. venerealis and biotype intermedius grew slowly or sometimes did not grow at all in concentrations of 6.25 micrograms/ml onwards. Fosfomycin was inhibitory to all C. fetus strains at > or = 50 micrograms/ml. C. sputorum biovar. bubulus was less inhibited than C. fetus with triclosan grew up to more than 100 micrograms/ml, with 5-fluorouracil up to 100 micrograms/ml and with fosfomycin up to 50 micrograms/ml. Growth of C. fetus subspp. was compared in different microaerophilic atmospheres contained in anaerobic jars (Oxoid HP 11) without palladium catalyzer. Growth with nitrogen or hydrogen was similar. When jars were replaced by 15 x 13 cm cylindrical cans without valves or gas measurement devices only pure hydrogen supported satisfactory growth of all C. fetus subspp. and C. sputorum biovar. bubulus strains. The candle system, a commercial nitrogen rich gas mixture and pure carbonic anhydride prepared in these cans failed to enable these strains to grow. C. fetus subsp. fetus was more aero-tolerant than subsp. venerealis and its biotype intermedius and was able to grow, although very weakly, with only carbonic anhydride added to an aerobic atmosphere. The growth obtained using a commercial gas generating microaerophilic kit (Oxoid BR-56) was comparable to the one achieved with the hydrogen rich atmosphere prepared in our laboratory.
Towards a natural language interface for web based application programming interfaces : An analysis of state-of-the-art methods (2016)

Natural language interfaces aim at providing seamless interaction for users to the functionality computer systems offer. Much of this functionality is accessible online through web based application programming interfaces. A NLI capable of leveraging this has the potential of being a powerful tool and to our knowledge, no previous research in this area exist. Therefore, this thesis aims at investigating how existing methods and concepts can be applied to the subject of a NLI over several APIs. The thesis is based on an extensive literature study focused on state-of-the-art within portability of NLI research. Methods from this are discussed in the context of a NLI over APIs and a suitable way of approaching a solution is presented. The approach divides the problem into identifying a domain for the conversation using available knowledge bases and handling specific domains individually using dialog state trackers. The main finding of the study is that it is feasible to create a scalable general purpose NLI over web APIs leveraging existing research.
Energy Optimization of Solar Micro-Grid Using Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning (2015)

In this paper, two solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered; one in the department with capacity of 100 kW and the other in the hostel with capacity of 200 kW. Each one has battery and load. The capital cost and energy savings by conventional methods are compared and it is proved that the energy dependency from grid is reduced in solar micro-grid element, operating in distributed environment. In the smart grid frame work, the grid energy consumption is further reduced by optimal scheduling of the battery, using Reinforcement Learning. Individual unit optimization is done by a model free reinforcement learning method, called Q-Learning and it is compared with distributed operations of solar micro-grid using a Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning method, called Joint Q-Learning. The energy planning is designed according to the prediction of solar PV energy production and observed load pattern of department and the hostel. A simulation model was developed using Python programming.
Efficient asymmetric synthesis of lamivudine <i>via</i> enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (2013)

The anti-HIV nucleoside lamivudine was asymmetrically synthesized in only three steps via a novel surfactant-treated subtilisin Carlsberg-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution protocol. The enantiomer of lamivudine could also be accessed using the same protocol catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B.
The feasibility of recovering medium to heavy oil using geopressured- geothermal fluids (1991)

The feasibility, economics and environmental concerns of producing more domestic oil using thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) are reviewed and the unique nature of geopressured-geothermal (GPGT) fluids for thermal recovery are outlined. Current methods of TEOR are briefly discussed and it is noted that these methods are presently under scrutiny by both federal and state air quality agencies; and moreover, they often involve costly operational and mechanical problems associated with heating water on the surface for injection into the target reservoir. The characteristics of the GPGT resources as seen through previous Department of Energy (DOE) studies from sites in Louisiana and Texas are discussed. These studies indicate sufficient quantities of GPGT fluids can be produced to sustain a TEOR project. The Alworth Field in the south Texas Mirando Trend is proposed as a TEOR pilot site. The target reservoirs for injection of the GPGT fluids are the Jackson and Yegua sandstones of the upper Eocene Epoch. The reservoirs contain an estimated 4 MMbbls of heavy oil in place (OIP) (18.6{degree}API) of which it is estimated that at least 1 MMbbls could be recovered by TEOR. The problems associated with using the GPGT fluids for TEOR include those normally associated with hot water flooding but in addition the reaction of the brine from the geopressured-geothermal reservoir with the target reservoir is uncertain. Under the elevated temperatures associated with GPGT TEOR, actual increased porosity and permeability are possible. 120 refs., 40 figs., 13 tabs.
The Th17 Cell Population and the Immune Homeostasis of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2013)

Th17 cells are a recently discovered subset of CD4(+) T lymphocytes filling a hole in the repertoire of effector T cells. Th17 cells produce multiple cytokines, with pivotal impact on immune homeostasis, inflammation, and influencing a wide range of intestinal cell targets. The current issue of the International Reviews of Immunology is entirely dedicated to the various roles of Th17 T cells in the immune homeostasis and inflammation occurring in the gut. In addition to describing diverse Th17-mediated molecular pathways, a specific focus is being given to Th17 cell plasticity. This enables the Th17 cells to shift towards a Th1 profile, or to express IL-22, a protective cytokine in experimental colitis. Participation of microbiota-specific Th17 cells to normal immune homeostasis, and their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or of gluten specific-Th17 cells in celiac disease, are also being discussed. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-17A and IL-17F have commenced clinical testing in IBD. In conclusion, Th17 cells emerge as a key immune cell population and further elucidation of their roles and functional plasticity are warranted to support the discovery of novel therapies against IBD and other intestinal disorders.
A utilização da plataforma Kahoot como ferramenta de gamificação: uma contribuição para o ensino e a aprendizagem na educação básica (2022)

Existem diversas concepções voltadas ao ensino e aprendizagem, muitas delas tentando explicar os desafios dessa relação, dentre os quais está a falta de interesse dos alunos, cada vez mais antenados com as novas tecnologias. Como forma de reverter estas e outras problemáticas, passou-se a discutir cada vez mais a adoção de metodologias ativas e atrativas de ensino, como a gamificação. Este artigo tem como objetivo reconhecer o uso da gamificação no ambiente educacional e como pode ser aplicada por meio da plataforma Kahoot!, de forma a contribuir com o ensino e aprendizagem dos componentes curriculares da educação básica. Para tanto, será realizada uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do tema, assim como um estudo exploratório do ambiente virtual aqui evidenciado. Por meio dos resultados, é possível reconhecer o uso da gamificação no ambiente educacional, através da plataforma Kahoot!, à medida que mais trabalhos científicos vêm sendo divulgados acerca dessa temática. Enfim, a plataforma contribui com o ensino e aprendizagem por meio da abordagem de conteúdos de forma mais atrativa, proporcionando experiências cognitivas, sociais e motoras, a autoavaliação e intervenção pedagógica mais efetiva.
An error analysis of the rapid lifetime determination method for the evaluation of single exponential decays (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn error analysis of the rapid lifetime determination method for the evaluation of single exponential decaysRichard M. Ballew and J. N. DemasCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 1, 30–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00176a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00176a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1119Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ragged <i>N</i>-termini and other variants of class A <i>β</i>-lactamases analysed by chromatofocusing (1991)

Four beta-lactamases excreted by Gram-positive bacteria exhibited microheterogeneity when analysed by chromatofocusing or ion-exchange chromatography. Ragged N-termini were in part responsible for the charge variants, but deamidation of an asparagine residue was also involved, at least for the Bacillus licheniformis enzyme. The activity of a contaminating proteinase could also be demonstrated in the case of Actinomadura R39 beta-lactamase. With that enzyme, proteolysis resulted in partial inactivation, but the inactivated fragments were easily separated from the active forms. With these, as with the other enzymes, the kinetic parameters of the major variants were identical with those of the mixture within the limits of experimental error, so that the catalytic properties of these enzymes can be determined with the 'heterogeneous' preparations.
Aircraft routing under the risk of detection (2006)

Abstract The deterministic problem for finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory in a threat environment has been formulated. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars or similar sensors. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three‐dimensional (3‐D) space and represents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry directing the trajectory. Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft with variable radar cross‐section (RCS) subject to a constraint on the trajectory length have been developed. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, a solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. A network optimization approach reduces the original problem to the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3‐D network. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in cases with several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as the impact of variable RCS on the performance of a network optimization algorithm have been analyzed and illustrated by several numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Bioelectric impedance measurements using synchronous sampling (1993)

We have applied synchronous sampling to the demodulation of bioelectric impedance signals. This overcomes the need for analog demodulators in bioimpedance measurements. The sampling rate is determined by signal bandwidth, rather than by the highest frequency component before demodulation.
Yield Improvement Using a Fast Product Wafer Level Monitoring System (2006)

A Scribe Characterization Vehiclereg (CVreg) test chip has been developed to enable a fast turn around mass production yield monitoring system. The test chip design is being placed within the scribe lines of product chip reticles, efficiently utilizing three-dimensional stacking of test structures. During manufacturing, wafer level testing will be executed using pdFasTestreg to ensure test times below 10 minutes per 300 mm wafer. The measurement data will then be analyzed using pdCVtrade to determine yield predictive data like fail rates and defect densities. Also variability data of layer specific parameters like sheet resistance and contact/via resistance will be extracted. Finally, extensive statistical analysis will be run using dataPOWERtrade to derive correlation to product yield as well as lot equipment history
Click Fraud Prevention via multimodal evidence fusion by Dempster-Shafer theory (2010)

We address the problem of combining information from diversified sources in a coherent fashion. A generalized evidence processing theory and an architecture for data fusion that accommodates diversified sources of information are presented. Different levels at which data fusion may take place such as the level of dynamics, the level of attributes, and the level of evidence are discussed. A multi-level fusion architecture based Collaborative Click Fraud Detection and Prevention (CCFDP) system for real time click fraud detection and prevention is proposed and its performance is compared with a traditional rule based click fraud detection system. Both systems are tested with real world data from an actual ad campaign. Results show that use of multi-level data fusion improves the quality of click fraud analysis.
Enzymic oxidative coupling of urushiol in sap of the lac tree, Rhus vernicifera (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic oxidative coupling of urushiol in sap of the lac tree, Rhus verniciferaRyuichi Oshima, Yoshio Yamauchi, Chuichi Watanabe, and Ju KumanotaniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 15, 2613–2621Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00215a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00215a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts