gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low‐contrast focal lesion detectability phantom for <sup>1</sup>H MR imaging (1991)

A phantom made from tissue-mimicking materials is reported for testing 1H MRI systems regarding their ability to detect small low-contrast focal lesions and to delineate the boundaries of larger lesions. Two sets of seven spherical simulated lesions with diameters of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.3, 7.9, and 9.5 mm have T1 and T2 values somewhat higher than the corresponding values in the surrounding simulated normal tissue. Relaxometer determinations of T1 and T2 for the simulated normal tissue yielded 955 and 106 ms, respectively, at 22 degrees C and 1 T. The corresponding values in set #1 of the simulated lesions were 1017 and 175 ms and in set #2 were 1002 and 127 ms. These T1 and T2 values are similar to those for brain and brain lesions but are too high to represent soft tissue such as liver and muscle. The centers of the 14 lesions are coplanar, and eight alignment devices surround them facilitating superposition of the scan plane and the plane containing the centers of the lesions. Illustrative images made with a 1.5-T system are shown. All simulated lesions are detectable in T2-weighted head coil images. Corresponding T1-weighted images are also shown, the 2- and 3-mm lesions of set #2 and the 2-mm lesion of set #1 not being detectable. The phantoms could be useful for performance or acceptance testing and perhaps for quality assurance testing.
Solute focusing technique for on‐column injection in capillary gas chromatography (1983)

Abstract A novel solute focusing technique for on‐column injection of liquid samples onto capillary GC columns is described. The focusing technique allows injection of 8.0 microliters or more of sample without producing the peak distortion or splitting observed under conventional on‐column injection conditions. The experimentally determined performance of the technique is given for a wide volatility range sample. Solute focusing is useful in situations where on‐column injection of 1.0 microliter or greater is required.
TerpyridineCuII-mediated reversible nanocomposites of single-wall carbon nanotubes: towards metallo-nanoscale architectures (2006)

The self-assembly of Oxi-SWNTs, based on terpyridineCu(II) coordination, produces a thermally stable, neutral [(Oxi-SWNT)(tpyCu(II))m]n nanocomposite possessing notable luminscence properties; quantitative disassembly occurred by treatment with aqueous KCN.
Activation of futile cycles as an approach to increase ethanol yield during glucose fermentation in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2016)

An increase in ethanol yield by yeast from the fermentation of conventional sugars such as glucose and sucrose is possible by reducing the production of a key byproduct such as cellular biomass. Previously we have reported that overexpression of PHO8 gene encoding non-specific ATP-hydrolyzing alkaline phosphatase can lead to a decrease in cellular ATP content and to an increase in ethanol yield during glucose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work we further report on 2 new successful approaches to reduce cellular levels of ATP that increase ethanol yield and productivity. The first approach is based on the overexpression of the heterologous Escherichia coli apy gene encoding apyrase or SSB1 part of the chaperon that exhibit ATPase activity in yeast. In the second approach we constructed a futile cycle by the overexpression of S. cerevisiae genes encoding pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in S. cerevisiae. These genetically engineered strains accumulated more ethanol compared to the wild-type strain during alcoholic fermentation.
Automated Focus Distance Estimation for Digital Microscopy Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

An essential component of an automated digital microscopy system is auto focusing, which involves moving the microscope stage along the vertical axis to find the position where the underlying image is the sharpest. Auto focusing algorithms deployed in current commercially available digital microscopes cannot match the efficiency of a trained human operator. Traditionally, auto focusing has been achieved by acquiring multiple images in the vertical direction and maximising a measure of image sharpness. This paper presents a method for auto focusing based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). Given two images in the vertical focus stack, the CNN predicts the optimal distance the stage needs to be moved to achieve best focus, relative to the current position. The method was trained and results are demonstrated on a publicly available data set. It is shown to outperform previously published work on this data set. The compute and memory requirements of the model are shown to be ideal for deployment in an edge device with limited computing resources.
Durchmesserbestimmung von Netzhautgefäßabschnitten in digitalen Fundusfotografien - Eine klinische Studie zur Methodik und Reproduzierbarkeit12 (2001)

Ziel Es wurden neue untersucherunabhängige Algorithmen zur ortsabhängigen Durchmesserbestimmung von Netzhautgefäßabschnitten in Einzelbildern getestet.Methode Von 12 Augen gesunder Probanden wurden 360 geblitzte Einzelfotos (10 voneinander unabhängige Sitzungen mit je 3 Fotos je Auge) aufgenommen (Kamera: FF 450 Zeiss Germany, Visualis IMEDOS GmbH Weimar/Germany). Angewandt wurden Algorithmen, mit denen entlang des Gefäßverlaufes automatisch die ortsabhängigen Durchmesserwerte bestimmt werden können. In jedem Bild eines Auges wurde ein korrespondierender Arterien- und Venenabschnitt (mittlere Gefäßsegmentlänge ca. 2,5 mm) analysiert.Ergebnisse Der markierte arterielle Gefäßabschnitt wurde in 359 Bildern automatisch erkannt und gemessen, der markierte venöse in allen Bildern. Bei Analyse der ersten Einzelbilder jeder Untersuchung wurde der Mittelwert der Arterienabschnitte mit einem mittleren Variationskoeffizienten (VC) von 3,4 %, derjenige der Venen mit einem VC von 2,7 % bestimmt. Die Mittelwerte des arteriellen und venösen Gefäßdurchmessers differierten zwischen den Bildern nicht signifikant. Die Zusammenfassung von 3 sequenziellen Bildern einer Sitzung reduzierte den VC für Arterien auf 2,7 % und für Venen auf 2,5 %. Der VC an den Einzelorten betrug in einer Sitzung im Mittel für Arterien 5,7 % und für Venen 3,8 %. Die Standardabweichung des Mittelwertes ( %) war unabhängig vom Gefäßdurchmesser der untersuchten Gefäßsegmente im Bereich von 120 bis 200 μm Durchmesser.Schlussfolgerungen Die untersuchten Algorithmen sind für Fragestellungen der retinalen Gefäßanalyse geeignet, sofern auf eine Beurteilung der Dynamik des Gefäßverhaltens verzichtet werden kann.
A Survey of PCN-Based Admission Control and Flow Termination (2010)

Pre-congestion notification (PCN) provides feedback about load conditions in a network to its boundary nodes. The PCN working group of the IETF discusses the use of PCN to implement admission control (AC) and flow termination (FT) for prioritized realtime traffic in a DiffServ domain. Admission control (AC) is a well-known flow control function that blocks admission requests of new flows when they need to be carried over a link whose admitted PCN rate already exceeds an admissible rate. Flow termination (FT) is a new flow control function that terminates some already admitted flows when they are carried over a link whose admitted PCN rate exceeds a supportable rate. The latter condition can occur in spite of AC, e.g., when traffic is rerouted due to network failures. This survey gives an introduction to PCN and is a primer for this new technology. It presents and discusses the multitude of architectural design options in an early stage of the standardization process in a comprehensive and streamlined way before only a subset of them is standardized by the IETF. It brings PCN from the IETF to the research community and serves as historical record.
Building a Hypothesis for Nucleotide Transport Inhibitors (1999)

Structure-activity relationship studies of nucleoside transport inhibitors have revealed a diverse group of compounds with potent inhibitory activity against the major mammalian equilibrative nucleoside transporter, the es transporter. Inhibitors of the es transporter have potential therapeutic applications for adenosine potentiation in heart disease and stroke, as well as for anticancer and antiviral chemotherapy. Computational techniques have been applied to derive a pharmacophore hypothesis of generalized chemical interaction features that can be used to search 3D molecular databases to identify novel inhibitors. The methodology of feature-based hypothesis generation and the results are presented .
Estimating conversion rate in display advertising from past erformance data (2012)

In targeted display advertising, the goal is to identify the best opportunities to display a banner ad to an online user who is most likely to take a desired action such as purchasing a product or signing up for a newsletter. Finding the best ad impression, i.e., the opportunity to show an ad to a user, requires the ability to estimate the probability that the user who sees the ad on his or her browser will take an action, i.e., the user will convert. However, conversion probability estimation is a challenging task since there is extreme data sparsity across different data dimensions and the conversion event occurs rarely. In this paper, we present our approach to conversion rate estimation which relies on utilizing past performance observations along user, publisher and advertiser data hierarchies. More specifically, we model the conversion event at different select hierarchical levels with separate binomial distributions and estimate the distribution parameters individually. Then we demonstrate how we can combine these individual estimators using logistic regression to accurately identify conversion events. In our presentation, we also discuss main practical considerations such as data imbalance, missing data, and output probability calibration, which render this estimation problem more difficult but yet need solving for a real-world implementation of the approach. We provide results from real advertising campaigns to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Development of full-fill bottom antireflective coatings for dual-damascene process (2001)

Among the variety of dual damascene (DD) processes, the via- first approach has drawn much attention because of its reduced process steps and improved photolithography process window. The via-first process requires a layer of via-fill material to be applied beneath the photoresist layer. The primary function of this via-fill materials is to act as an etch-block at the base of the vias to prevent over-etching and punch-through of the bottom barrier layer during the trench-etch process. However, such materials also help to planarize the substrate and may limit back reflection from the substrate as well, helping to control the critical dimension (CD) of the printed features. Based on this understanding, our research efforts have been focused on the advancement of DD-applicable bottom antireflective coatings (BARCs). A series of novel planarizing DUV BARCs with full- via-fill properties and enhanced etching selectivity to resists have been developed. They showed good full-fill, void-free performance in 0.20micrometers vias having an aspect ratio of five, also sufficient top coverage i.e., enough coating thickness, low surface variation, and little thickness bias of isolated-via (1:10) area versus dense-via (1:1) area. The resist sidewall profiles with features sizes less than 0.20micrometers indicated that there was good compatibility of the BARCs with the resists. The thin film etching selectivity to commercial resists was about 1.2:1 under an Hbr/O<SUB>2</SUB> atmosphere. A study of the BARCs described in this report allows further discussion of the impact of pattern density, feature size, and processing conditions on BARC coating performance.
Novel lipid complexes for transferring at least a therapeutically active substance, in particular a polynucleotide into a.. (1998)

The invention concerns a complex comprising at least a lipid and at least a therapeutically active substance useful for transferring said substance into a target cell, characterised in that said lipid is of formula (I): in which: n 1 , n 2 ,..
Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of AM103, a Novel Inhibitor of 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein (FLAP) (2010)

The 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) gene and an increase in leukotriene (LT) production are linked to the risk of asthma, myocardial infarction, and stroke. We evaluated the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of 3-[3-tert-butylsulfanyl-1-[4-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-benzyl]-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid (AM103), a novel FLAP inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Single and multiple doses of AM103 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of blood LTB(4) production and dose-related inhibition of urinary LTE(4). After a single oral dose (50-1,000 mg) of AM103, the maximum concentration (C(max)) and area under the curve (AUC) in plasma increased in a dose-dependent manner. After multiple-dose administration (50-1,000 mg once daily for 11 days), there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the first and last days of treatment. AM103 was well tolerated at all doses in both the single- and multiple-dose cohorts. Further clinical trials with AM103 in inflammatory diseases are warranted.
<title>Fiber optic liquid crystal high-pressure sensor</title> (1991)

A new fiber-optic high hydrostatic pressure sensor up to 100 MPa based on extrinsic intensity modulation of light reflected from a cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) sensing element is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor exploits the effect of pressure-induced changes in the wavelength of maximum light reflection observed in ChLCs. Three different configurations of the sensor which utilizes multimode optical fibers for communication with the high-pressure region were investigated: a double-source configuration and two configurations with double sensing elements. Results obtained demonstrate that the proposed cost-effective fiber-optic liquid-crystal sensor has a pressure coefficient two orders of magnitude higher than current high-pressure sensors. Depending on the applied configuration, the sensor can display a good linear response and sensitivity for specific ranges of pressure useful in industrial applications.
Nocturnal sound analysis for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (2010)

A novel method for screening obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAs) based on nocturnal acoustic signal is proposed. Full-night audio signals from sixty subjects were segmented into snore, noise and silence events using semi-automatic algorithm based on Gaussian mixture models which achieves more than 90% (92%) sensitivity (specificity) and produces an average of 2,000 snores per subject. A classification into 3 groups is proposed for the diagnosis: comparison group - non-OSA subjects (apnea hypopnea index, AHI < 10), mild to moderate OSA (10 < AHI < 30) and severe OSA (AHI>30). A Bayes classifier was implemented, fed with five acoustic features, all correlated with the severity of the syndrome: (1) Inter Event Silence, which quantifies segments suspicious as apnea; (2) Mel Cepstability, measures the entire night stability of the spectrum, expressed using mel-frequency cepstrum; (3) Energy Running Variance, a criterion for the variation of the nocturnal acoustic pattern; (4) Apneic Phase Ratio, exploiting the finding that snores around apnea events expressing larger acoustic variation; and (5) Pitch Density. Correct classification of 92% for resubstitution method and 80% for 5-fold cross validation method was achieved. Moreover, in a case of two groups with a threshold of AHI=10, a sensitivity (specificity) of 96.5% (90.6%) and 87.5% (82.1%) for resubstitution and cross-validation respectively were obtained.
Survivability analysis of power distribution in smart grids with active and reactive power modeling (2012)

column Share on Survivability analysis of power distribution in smart grids with active and reactive power modeling Authors: Daniel S. Menasché Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BrazilView Profile , Rosa Maria Meri Leäo Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BrazilView Profile , Edmundo de Souza e Silva Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BrazilView Profile , Alberto Avritzer Siemens Corporate Research, USA Siemens Corporate Research, USAView Profile , Sindhu Suresh Siemens Corporate Research, USA Siemens Corporate Research, USAView Profile , Kishor Trivedi Duke University, USA Duke University, USAView Profile , Raymond A. Marie Rennes I University IRISA/INRIA, France Rennes I University IRISA/INRIA, FranceView Profile , Lucia Happe Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, GermanyView Profile , Anne Koziolek University of Zurich, Switzerland University of Zurich, SwitzerlandView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation ReviewVolume 40Issue 3December 2012 pp 53–57https://doi.org/10.1145/2425248.2425260Online:04 January 2012Publication History 18citation34DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads34Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Behavior of AV synchrony pacing mode in a leadless pacemaker during variable AV conduction and arrhythmias (2021)

The mode switching algorithm reduced VP in patients with 1:1 AVC and appropriately switched to VDD during AV block. No pacing safety issues were observed during arrhythmias.
Pyroelectric aluminum nitride micro electromechanical systems infrared sensor with wavelength-selective infrared absorber (2014)

This paper describes a micro electromechanical systems type wavelength-selective pyroelectric sensor, with highly c-axis oriented Aluminum nitride film as the pyroelectric material. Wavelength-selective infrared absorption is realized via periodic structures of holes patterned into the top metal electrode that also collects pyroelectric charge signal. The periodic hole array results in optical absorption resonances whose wavelength is determined by the hole pitch, demonstrated experimentally using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and numerically calculated using the finite difference time domain method. A significant difference in infrared absorption between patterned and unpatterned detectors is demonstrated through optical experiments comparing the pyroelectric responses.
Increased Biotransformation Efficiency of Chunk-TNT-Contaminated Soil Using Acetone Pretreatments (2000)

Abstract Particulate, or chunk 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), in soil was found to be recalcitrant to composting down to particle sizes of approximately 2 mm. Evidence for the colonization of TNT surfaces was obtained, but no pitting or otherwise preferential solid TNT solubilization was observed. Acetone pretreatments were used to make the chunk-TNT-contaminated soil more amenable to bioremediation. A pretreatment of acetone slurrying to dissolve and redisperse solid TNT in soil before applying remedial treatments was developed. The well-described treatment of composting was subsequently applied to native and acetone-pretreated contaminated soils. Acetone-pretreated soil responded to composting significantly better than untreated soil. After evaporating off the acetone used as pretreatment, composting microcosms held at 55°C showed sporadic removal from 3000 ppm to 300 ppm TNT in 24 days for untreated soil, while pretreated soil demonstrated conclusive removal from 3000 ppm to 18.1 ppm TNT in 6 days. Separate results indicated that residual acetone from pretreatment without subsequent evaporation was found to delay, but not otherwise inhibit, the compost's ability to degrade TNT. Community level physiological profile testing of 13-day-old composts, with pretreatment and residual acetone, suggests that three significantly different microbiological compost communities were equally adept at degrading the repartitioned TNT. The superior removal rates and efficiencies in the acetone-pretreated systems are likely to be due to the increased availability of TNT to the necessary microflora.
Early posttransplantation donor-derived invariant natural killer T-cell recovery predicts the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease and overall survival (2012)

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can experimentally dissociate GVL from graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Their role in human conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is unknown. Here, we analyzed the post-HSCT recovery of iNKT cells in 71 adult allografted patients. Results were compared with conventional T- and NK-cell recovery and correlated to the occurrence of GVHD, relapse, and survival. We observed that posttransplantation iNKT cells, likely of donor origin, recovered independently of T and NK cells in the first 90 days after HSCT and reached greater levels in recipient younger than 45 years (P = .003) and after a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (P = .03). Low posttransplantation iNKT/T ratios (ie, < 10(-3)) were an independent factor associated with the occurrence of acute GVHD (aGVHD; P = .001). Inversely, reaching iNKT/T ratios > 10(-3) before day 90 was associated with reduced nonrelapse mortality (P = .009) without increased risk of relapse and appeared as an independent predictive factor of an improved overall survival (P = .028). Furthermore, an iNKT/T ratio on day 15 > 0.58 × 10(-3) was associated with a 94% risk reduction of aGVHD. These findings provide a proof of concept that early postallogeneic HSCT iNKT cell recovery can predict the occurrence of aGVHD and an improved overall survival.
ELECTRICALLY SMALL ANTENNA FOR RFID AND WIRELESS SENSOR TRANSPONDERS (2005)

This work discloses a novel electrically small planar antenna for microwave RFID and Wireless Sensor passive transponders. The proposed antenna takes advantage of its unique topology in order to assure conjugate matching with essentially complex impedance of the electronic chip directly embedded into radiator. Very good performance is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally over an operating bandwidth of actual RFID system.