gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA sequencing on Solanum lycopersicum trichomes identifies transcription factors that activate terpene synthase promoters (2014)

High-throughput sequencing of tomato stem trichomes led to the discovery of two transcription factors that activated several terpene synthase promoters. Our results identified new elements of the transcriptional regulation of tomato terpene biosynthesis in trichomes, a largely unexplored field.
beta-endorphin is a potent analgesic agent. (1976)

beta-Endorphin, an opiate-like peptide, has potent antinociceptive properties when it is administered directly into the brain and assayed in the the tail-flick, hot-plate, and writhing tests in mice and in the wet shake test in rats. On a molar basis, beta-endorphin is 18 to 33 times more potent than morphine and its actions are blocked by the specific opiate antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride. The activity of beta-endorphin in vivo is also compared to other peptides that show opiate-like activity in assays in vitro.
CO chain-reaction chemical laser research (1976)

A chain-reaction CO chemical laser fueled by carbon monosulfide (CS) and molecular oxygen (O2) has been demonstrated. Initiation by the chain carriers (either O-atoms or S-atoms) is necessary; the chain length lambda* increases rapidly with CS/CS2 fuel mole ratio reaching a value lambda* approximately equal to 9.5 at CS/CS2 = 1.57. Mass flow efficiencies up to 67 kJ/lb sub m have been measured with a small-scale subsonic device, and laser operation has been observed up to 64 Torr cavity pressure. Gain measurements, mixing effects, and computer modeling of this system have been investigated. This work was made possible by the development of a thermoelectric CS gas generator, which is also described.
Audience Expansion for Online Social Network Advertising (2016)

Online social network advertising platforms, such as that provided by LinkedIn, generally allow marketers to specify targeting options so that their ads appear to a desired demographic. Audience Expansion is a technique developed at LinkedIn to simplify targeting and identify new audiences with similar attributes to the original target audience. We developed two methods to achieve Audience Expansion: campaign-agnostic expansion and campaign-aware expansion. In this paper, we describe the details of these methods, present in-depth analysis of their trade-offs, and demonstrate a hybrid strategy that possesses the combined strength of both methods. Through large scale online experiments, we show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, and as a result, the benefits it brings to the whole marketplace including both LinkedIn and advertisers. The achieved benefits can be characterized as: 1) simplified targeting process and increased reach for advertisers, and 2) better utilization of LinkedIn's ads inventory and higher and more efficient market participation.
A superconducting tunnel junction x-ray detector with performance limited by statistical effects (1998)

We have characterized a thin-film Nb/Al/AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) optimized for low electronic noise as an x-ray detector in the 0.2–1 keV photon energy range. The spectra measured with this junction have high spectral purity with, to the best of our knowledge, the best energy resolution ever achieved with this type of detector in this energy band. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental energy resolution is only about 15%. Part of this small discrepancy may be explained by the fact that our junction has electrodes made from niobium/aluminum bilayers, while the theoretical result is for electrodes made from only one material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that resolution achieved with a STJ x-ray detector is in agreement with the resolution predicted from statistical fluctuations in the creation and tunneling of quasiparticles.
AIR conferencing (2010)

When people attend meetings they may miss parts of the discussion if they, for example, step out to take a phone call, go to the bathroom, or have a momentary lapse in concentration. As a result, they may need to catch up on what they missed upon returning to the meeting. Asking other attendees for a recap is often disruptive. To avoid such disruptions, we have developed an Accelerated Instant Replay (AIR) Conferencing system for videoconferencing that enables participants to privately catch up to an ongoing meeting. We explored several mechanisms where the meeting content is replayed at an accelerated rate so that the participants can catch up to the live discussion reasonably quickly.
Low‐pressure packed‐bed gas phase conversion of glycerol to acetol (2008)

Abstract This article describes the investigations carried out on the vapor‐phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to acetol over a copper‐chromite catalyst in a packed bed flow reactor. The effects of reaction method (liquid‐phase vs. vapor‐phase mode), vapor‐phase reaction with gas feed, reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and hydrogen feed rate were studied to arrive at optimum conditions. Operating the reactor in vapor‐phase mode dramatically reduced the amount of undesired by‐product formation, and thereby increased the overall yield of acetol and propylene glycol. The optimum reaction temperature is near 220°C. Higher hydrogen feed rates increased propylene glycol selectivity. The proposed production scheme has application for production of both acetol and propylene glycol from the crude glycerol that contains various soluble salts. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
A Varying-Parameter Convergent Neural Dynamic Controller of Multirotor UAVs for Tracking Time-Varying Tasks (2018)

To stably control the position and attitude angles of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a varying-parameter convergent neural dynamic (VP-CND) method is proposed and applied. First, the dynamic models of multirotor UAVs are presented. Second, to meet the requirements of high accuracy and real-time control, a VP-CND method is proposed based on an error function to derive the position and attitude angle controllers. The existing fixed-parameter CND methods (e.g., the triple-Zhang dynamics or the Zhang dynamics and gradient dynamics) and the corresponding controllers are presented, and their limitations are analyzed. The proposed VP-CND control method not only can track time-varying target values but also possesses super-exponential convergence performance. Third, simulation comparisons verify the effectiveness, stability, and fast convergence of the VP-CND controllers.
Separation Techniques for Auto Shredder Residue (1991)

Disposal of automobile shredder residue (ASR), remaining from the reclamation of steel from junked automobiles, promises to be an increasing environmental and economic concern. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is investigating alternative technology for recovering value from ASR while also, it is hoped, lessening landfill disposal concerns. Of the ASR total, some 20% by weight consists of plastics. Preliminary work at ANL is being directed toward developing a protocol, both mechanical and chemical (solvent dissolution), to separate and recover polyurethane foam and the major thermoplastic fraction from ASR. Feasibility has been demonstrated in laboratory-size equipment.
Optimal Design of Loudspeaker Systems Based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) (2007)

Miniature loudspeakers are key components to many 3C (computer, communication, and consumer electronics) products, especially for portable devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and MP3 players. Due to size limitation, miniature loudspeakers suffer from the problem of low output level. To gain higher output, one tends to drive the miniature loudspeaker over the excursion limit and induce nonlinear distortion. Thus how to best reconcile the conflicting requirements of nonlinear distortion and acoustic output is extremely crucial in the design of such loudspeakers. To address the issue, a systematic procedure is presented to pinpoint optimal designs appropriate for miniature dynamic moving-coil loudspeakers. The optimization procedure is based on an electroacoustic model established by using the test-box method. Characteristics including voice-coil impedance, frequency response, and harmonic distortion are evaluated. The results show that significant improvement in output performance and excursion limitation has been gained by using the optimal design.
RabGEF1 regulates stem cell factor/c‐Kit‐mediated signaling events and biological responses in mast cells (2006)

We recently reported that RabGEF1 is a negative regulator of FcεRIdependent mast cell activation and that mice lacking RabGEF1 developed severe skin inflammation and increased numbers of dermal mast cells. To extend our understanding of how RabGEF1 can regulate signaling events and biological responses in mast cells, we examined the responses of bone marrow‐derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) from wild‐type (+/+) and Rabgef1 knockout (−/−) mice after stimulation with the c‐Kit ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), an important regulator of mast cell development, survival, proliferation and activation. We found that activation of Ras and Erk was enhanced and prolonged, and IL‐6 secretion was significantly elevated, in RabGEF1‐deficient BMCMCs after stimulation with SCF. SCF‐induced activation of JNK was increased in Rabgef1 −/− BMCMCs, but without corresponding significant increases in SCF‐induced migration or adhesion. SCF‐mediated activation of the survival‐enhancing kinase, Akt, was also increased in Rabgef1 −/− BMCMCs, and these cells had a survival advantage over their +/+ counterparts in vitro . Despite enhancement of the Ras pathway in the absence of RabGEF1, SCF‐induced proliferation was lower in Rabgef1 −/− vs . +/+ BMCMCs. Finally, we found that c‐Kit internalization was delayed in the absence of RabGEF1, reflecting a positive role for RabGEF1 in the regulation of endocytic events, and infection of Rabgef1 −/− BMCMCs with a lentiviral introduced RabGEF1 expression construct normalized c‐Kit internalization to the levels seen in +/+ BMCMCs. Thus, RabGEF1 plays a critical role in the regulation of SCF/c‐Kit‐mediated signaling events and biological responses in mast cells.
Development of an Air-Cycle Environmental Control System for Automotive Applications (2011)

The Reverse-Brayton cycle has been used for aircraft cabin cooling for many decades. However, air-cycle cooling hasn’t been popular in the automotive field yet. This study demonstrates that air-cycle technology can provide sufficient cooling for certain applications. The primary focus is a novel forced induction engine control system, where compressor bleed is used both to provide engine boost control and air-conditioning. The bleed-air drives an air-cycle machine (ACM) consisting of typical automotive components: a turbocharger, heat exchanger, and ducting. The components of an ACM system are lightweight and compact compared to those of a typical vapor compression system; both qualities are critical in high performance applications, where such a system seems to make most sense. The ACM was tested first on a test stand and then directly on an engine, in a bootstrap-cycle configuration. The turbocharged test engine’s intake manifold pressure was controlled by bleeding air from the outlet of the engine’s intercooler and feeding the ACM compressor inlet. Once the compressed air was supplied to the ACM it was further compressed by the ACM, cooled by the secondary intercooler, and expanded through the ACM turbine. The engine’s turbocharger was resized to compensate for the increased air flow during ACM operation. The results show that a dry-air-rated (DAR) coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.73 and a DAR cooling capacity of 1.5 tons are possible on a test stand, and a DAR COP of 0.56 and a DAR cooling capacity of 0.72 tons are possible on-engine. The data available from the on-engine testing was limited to lower ACM pressure ratios due to a bearing failure before full testing was complete; performance would likely increase with higher inlet pressures, as shown by the compressed air test stand results. The test results strongly suggest that continued development and in-vehicle testing will provide adequate air-conditioning and engine performance, using only the most benign and environmentally friendly working fluid: air.
Design of high-energy THz sources based on optical rectification (2009)

Tilting the pump pulse front has been proposed for efficient phase-matched THz generation by optical rectification (OR) of femtosecond laser pulses in LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LN). This technique has recently resulted in generation of near-single-cycle THz pulses with energies on the 10-muJ scale. Such high-energy THz pulses have opened up the field of sub-picosecond THz nonlinear optics and spectroscopy. This paper reports on a guideline in designing high-energy ultrafast THz sources based on OR of femtosecond pulses and to assess the possibilities of further upscaling the THz energy. The key design issues are selection of the nonlinear material, phase matching, and optimal pumping conditions (wavelength, pulse duration, intensity). In order to compare the performance of different nonlinear materials at various pump wavelengths model calculations are used.
A 2D Nearest-Neighbor Quantum Architecture for Factoring (2012)

We present a 2D nearest-neighbor quantum architecture for Shor’s factoring algorithm in polylogarithmic depth. Our implementation uses parallel phase estimation, constant-depth fanout and teleportation, and constant-depth carry-save modular addition. We derive asymptotic bounds on the circuit depth and width of our architecture and provide a comparison to all previous nearest-neighbor factoring implementations.
Ranking Metric Anomaly in Invariant Networks (2014)

The management of large-scale distributed information systems relies on the effective use and modeling of monitoring data collected at various points in the distributed information systems. A traditional approach to model monitoring data is to discover invariant relationships among the monitoring data. Indeed, we can discover all invariant relationships among all pairs of monitoring data and generate invariant networks, where a node is a monitoring data source (metric) and a link indicates an invariant relationship between two monitoring data. Such an invariant network representation can help system experts to localize and diagnose the system faults by examining those broken invariant relationships and their related metrics, since system faults usually propagate among the monitoring data and eventually lead to some broken invariant relationships. However, at one time, there are usually a lot of broken links (invariant relationships) within an invariant network. Without proper guidance, it is difficult for system experts to manually inspect this large number of broken links. To this end, in this article, we propose the problem of ranking metrics according to the anomaly levels for a given invariant network, while this is a nontrivial task due to the uncertainties and the complex nature of invariant networks. Specifically, we propose two types of algorithms for ranking metric anomaly by link analysis in invariant networks. Along this line, we first define two measurements to quantify the anomaly level of each metric, and introduce the m R ank algorithm. Also, we provide a weighted score mechanism and develop the g R ank algorithm, which involves an iterative process to obtain a score to measure the anomaly levels. In addition, some extended algorithms based on m R ank and g R ank algorithms are developed by taking into account the probability of being broken as well as noisy links. Finally, we validate all the proposed algorithms on a large number of real-world and synthetic data sets to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of different algorithms.
Linearity and Bias of Proton Density Fat Fraction as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker: A Multicenter, Multiplatform, Multivendor Phantom Study (2021)

Background Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimated by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI is an accepted imaging biomarker of hepatic steatosis. This work aims to promote standardized use of CSE MRI to estimate PDFF. Purpose To assess the accuracy of CSE MRI methods for estimating PDFF by determining the linearity and range of bias observed in a phantom. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, a commercial phantom with 12 vials of known PDFF values were shipped across nine U.S. centers. The phantom underwent 160 independent MRI examinations on 27 1.5-T and 3.0-T systems from three vendors. Two three-dimensional CSE MRI protocols with minimal T1 bias were included: vendor and standardized. Each vendor's confounder-corrected complex or hybrid magnitude-complex based reconstruction algorithm was used to generate PDFF maps in both protocols. The Siemens reconstruction required a configuration change to correct for water-fat swaps in the phantom. The MRI PDFF values were compared with the known PDFF values by using linear regression with mixed-effects modeling. The 95% CIs were calculated for the regression slope (ie, proportional bias) and intercept (ie, constant bias) and compared with the null hypothesis (slope = 1, intercept = 0). Results Pooled regression slope for estimated PDFF values versus phantom-derived reference PDFF values was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.98) in the biologically relevant 0%-47.5% PDFF range. The corresponding pooled intercept was -0.27% (95% CI: -0.50%, -0.05%). Across vendors, slope ranges were 0.86-1.02 (vendor protocols) and 0.97-1.0 (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and 0.91-1.01 (vendor protocols) and 0.87-1.01 (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. The intercept ranges (absolute PDFF percentage) were -0.65% to 0.18% (vendor protocols) and -0.69% to -0.17% (standardized protocol) at 1.5 T and -0.48% to 0.10% (vendor protocols) and -0.78% to -0.21% (standardized protocol) at 3.0 T. Conclusion Proton density fat fraction estimation derived from three-dimensional chemical shift-encoded MRI in a commercial phantom was accurate across vendors, imaging centers, and field strengths, with use of the vendors' product acquisition and reconstruction software. © RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Dyke in this issue.
Ordered subsets with momentum for accelerated X-ray CT image reconstruction (2013)

Statistical image reconstruction methods provide improved image quality in low-dose X-ray CT. However, the long computation time of iterative algorithms limits their clinical use. Ordered subsets algorithms based on separable quadratic surrogates (OS-SQS) are attractive as they are simple and amenable for massive parallelization in modern computing architecture, but require many iterations to converge. Here, we further accelerate OS algorithms by using momentum techniques. We use real patient CT scan to illustrate that the proposed algorithms converge rapidly compared to previous OS algorithms.
3-Hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones as an Inhibitor Scaffold of HIV Integrase (2011)

Integrase (IN) represents a clinically validated target for the development of antivirals against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Inhibitors with a novel structure core are essential for combating resistance associated with known IN inhibitors (INIs). We have previously disclosed a novel dual inhibitor scaffold of HIV IN and reverse transcriptase (RT). Here we report the complete structure-activity relationship (SAR), molecular modeling, and resistance profile of this inhibitor type on IN inhibition. These studies support an antiviral mechanism of dual inhibition against both IN and RT and validate 3-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones as an IN inhibitor scaffold.
Electrical resistance tomography used in environmental restoration (1992)

We are developing a new imaging technique, Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT), to map subsurface liquids as flow occurs during natural or clean-up processes; ERT can also be used to map geologic structure. Natural processes (such as surface water infiltrating the vadose zone) and clean-up processes (such as air injection in the saturated zone, steam injection, emplacement of subsurface barriers) can create changes in a soil's electrical properties that are readily measured. We use these measurements to calculate tomographs that show the spatial distribution of the subsurface resistivities. The information derived from ERT can be used by remediation projects to: monitor the effectiveness of clean-up processes, characterize hydrologic processes affecting contaminant transport, select appropriate clean-up alternatives, demonstrate regulatory compliance, and to verify the installation and performance of subsurface barriers.
Anti-inflammatory role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist AM251 in high fat diet-induced obesity— a focus on microRNAs. (2016)

Abstract Obesity is a major health problem in the U.S. that continues to increase in prevalence. Excessive calorie consumption leads to expansion of adipose tissue through both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. As a result, adipocytes die and macrophages infiltrate into the adipose tissue to repair damage. Activation and infiltration of immune cells contribute to the chronic low-grade inflammation present in obesity. Immune cells express cannabinoid receptors that regulate inflammation. In this study, a mouse model of high fat diet-induced obesity was used to determine the effect the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 has on adipose tissue inflammation. C57BL6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for twelve weeks to induce obesity and then given AM251 (10mg/kg/day) oral gavage for four weeks while continuing HFD. Treatment improved metabolic parameters while reducing fat mass and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. To further investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of AM251, infiltrating F4/80+ cells were isolated from epididymal fat and used for microRNA microarray. Nine miRNAs were differentially expressed as a result of AM251 treatment. These miRNAs were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (Qiagen) and were found to significantly affect the “Inflammatory Disease and Inflammatory Response” pathways. Upregulated miRNAs such as miR-466i-3p were found to target macrophage polarization genes including Pik3r1. The current study suggests that CB1 antagonists may mediate anti-inflammatory effects and amelioration of obesity through regulation of miRNA expression. (Supported in parts by NIH grants P01AT003961, R01AT006888, R01ES019313, R01MH094755, P20GM103641, and Veterans Affairs Merit Award BX001357.)
A Direct Injection High-Efficiency Nebulizer for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (1998)

A simple, relatively low-cost direct injection high-efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) is introduced for argon inductively coupled plasma (Ar ICP) spectrometry. The DIHEN may be operated at solution uptake rates of 1-100 microL/min. Analytical performance indexes for the DIHEN and fundamental characteristics of the aerosol produced are obtained using an ICP mass spectrometer (ICPMS) and a two-dimensional phase Doppler particle analyzer (2D PDPA), respectively. Results are compared to those obtained with a conventional crossflow pneumatic nebulizer (PN), equipped with a Scott-type spray chamber. Droplet sizes and velocities produced with the DIHEN are smaller than those reported for the direct injection nebulizer (DIN). The DIHEN offers optimal sensitivity at low injector gas flow rates (approximately 0.25 L/min) and high rf power (approximately 1.5 kW). For the 17 elements tested, detection limits (ppt) and sensitivities achieved with the DIHEN (at 85 microL/min) are similar to, or better than, those obtained on the same instrument using the PN (at 1 mL/min). However, because the primary aerosol is injected directly into the plasma, oxide-to-metal ion ratios (MO+/M+) are high, as in the case of the DIN. The utility of the DIHEN for the analysis of small-volume samples is demonstrated by microscale flow injection analysis (muFIA) of Cr bound to human lung DNA. Detection of Cr at the femtogram level is feasible.