gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal estimator for tomographic fluorescence lifetime multiplexing (2016)

We use the model resolution matrix to analytically derive an optimal Bayesian estimator for multiparameter inverse problems that simultaneously minimizes inter-parameter cross talk and the total reconstruction error. Application of this estimator to time-domain diffuse fluorescence imaging shows that the optimal estimator for lifetime multiplexing is identical to a previously developed asymptotic time-domain (ATD) approach, except for the inclusion of a diagonal regularization term containing decay amplitude uncertainties. We show that, while the optimal estimator and ATD provide zero cross talk, the optimal estimator provides lower reconstruction error, while ATD results in superior relative quantitation. The framework presented here is generally applicable to other multiplexing problems where the simultaneous and accurate relative quantitation of multiple parameters is of interest.
Sidelobe suppression in OFDM-based spectrum sharing systems using adaptive symbol transition (2008)

In this letter, we introduce a new method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sidelobe suppression. An extension is added to OFDM symbols that is calculated using optimization methods to minimize adjacent channel interference (ACI) while keeping the extension power at an acceptable level. Using this technique, interference to adjacent signals is reduced significantly at the cost of a small decrease in the useful symbol energy. The proposed method can be used by cognitive radio (CR) systems to shape the spectrum of OFDM signals and to minimize interference to licensed users (LU), or to reduce the size of guard bands used in conventional OFDM systems.
Development of polylactide and polyethylene vinyl acetate blends for the manufacture of vaginal rings (2012)

Abstract Vaginal rings are currently being investigated for delivery of HIV microbicides. However, vaginal rings are currently manufactured form hydrophobic polymers such as silicone elastomer and polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), which do not permit release of hydrophilic microbicides such as the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir. Biodegradable polymers such as polylactide (PLA) may help increase release rates by controlling polymer degradation rather than diffusion of the drug through the polymer. However, biodegradable polymers have limited flexibility making them unsuitable for use in the manufacture of vaginal rings. This study demonstrates that by blending PLA and PEVA together it is possible to achieve a blend that has flexibility similar to native PEVA but also allows for the release of tenofovir. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Multiwavelength pulse generator using time-lens compression (2004)

We demonstrate a novel method of generating a multiwavelength pulse train by use of time-lens compression. In addition to pulse compression, this time lens simultaneously displaces the pulses according to their center wavelengths, resulting in a temporally evenly spaced multiwavelength pulse train. We further demonstrate a new aberration-correction technique based on the temporal analog of a spatial correction lens to improve the quality of the compressed pulses. Through the use of cw distributed-feedback lasers and electro-optic phase modulators, the all-fiber system allows complete tunability of temporal spacing, spectral profile, and repetition rate.
Abstract 418: Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 4 Deficiency Reduces Size and Incidence Rate of Angiotensin II Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice (2015)

Microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein primarily located in elastic arteries. It can bind elastin and collagen, and furthermore activate vascular cells through cellular integrin binding and modulate matrix metalloprotinase (MMP) activity. We hypothesized that lack of MFAP4 would decrease vascular inflammation and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. AAA was induced in 9-11 week old mice using two experimental mouse models: 1) Male Mfap4 -/- /ApoE -/- double knock-out (dKO) and ApoE -/- littermate control mice were feed western diet and subjected to continuously angiotensin II (AngII, 1000 ng/kg/min) infusion for 9-28 days via subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps. Arterial blood pressure was measured in the femoral artery. 2) 1.5 U/mL elastase was infused into the infrarenal aorta in Mfap4 -/- and littermate Mfap4 +/+ mice for 5 minutes. Aortic blood flow was restored and the mice recovered for 9-16 days. Aortic diameter was measured in mice subjected to AngII or elastase infusion at day 28 and 16 respectively. MMP activity was detected by zymography. No difference in AAA formation was observed between genotypes after elastase perfusion. In response to AngII infusion dKO mice showed a significantly decrease in AAA diameter and incidence rate compared to ApoE -/- mice. AngII-induced increase in blood pressure was not dependent of MFAP4. However, there was decreased aortic arch atherosclerotic plaque formation, MMP2 and MMP9 activity in aortic tissue from dKO mice compared to ApoE -/- mice. Furthermore there was a non-significant tendency of decreased elastin degradation score in the AngII infused dKO mice, however this was not observed in the elastase perfused mice. Activity of MMP12 and extent of infiltrating leukocytes in aneurysmal tissue from both models will be further investigated. In conclusion we observed a decreased AAA formation and MMP activity in Mfap4 -/- /ApoE -/- mice which was not explained by variation in blood pressure or altered elastin degradation. The data suggest that MFAP4 induces MMP2-activity and thus the propensity for AAA formation.
Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.) Population Composition as Determined by Baited Traps (2012)

Two established field populations of bed bugs were sampled using host-mimicking traps baited with a combination of CO2, heat and a synthetic kairomone. The proportion of first instar nymphs (between 52% and 78% of all captured insects) was significantly higher than reported in previous studies, which had employed different sampling methods. The proportion of adults was correspondingly much lower than previously reported, between 5% and 7% of total capture. As many as 120 bed bugs were captured in a single trap in one night; the variation in catches between sampling locations within the same room and between days at the same location indicates that multiple nights of trapping may be required to obtain an accurate representation of population structure.
Edge illumination and coded-aperture X-ray phase-contrast imaging: increased sensitivity at synchrotrons and lab-based translations into medicine, biology and materials science (2013)

The edge illumination principle was first proposed at Elettra (Italy) in the late nineties, as an alternative method for achieving high phase sensitivity with a very simple and flexible set-up, and has since been under continuous development in the radiation physics group at UCL. Edge illumination allows overcoming most of the limitations of other phase-contrast techniques, enabling their translation into a laboratory environment. It is relatively insensitive to mechanical and thermal instabilities and it can be adapted to the divergent and polychromatic beams provided by X-ray tubes. This method has been demonstrated to work efficiently with source sizes up to 100m, compatible with state-of-the-art mammography sources. Two full prototypes have been built and are operational at UCL. Recent activity focused on applications such as breast and cartilage imaging, homeland security and detection of defects in composite materials. New methods such as phase retrieval, tomosynthesis and computed tomography algorithms are currently being theoretically and experimentally investigated. These results strongly indicate the technique as an extremely powerful and versatile tool for X-ray imaging in a wide range of applications.
Reduced Polymer Based Fracturing Fluid: Is Less Really More? (2004)

Abstract A new generation of guar gum is produced in a manner that provides high crosslinked fluid viscosity. The ultra high efficiency of these polymers enables polymer concentration (loading) to be reduced without sacrificing essential fracturing fluid properties such as rheological performance, proppant transport and fluid loss control. Reduced polymer loading also provides enhanced clean-up allowing for better utilization of fracture length, as measured by lower flow initiation stresses, and higher proppant pack conductivity. These factors positively influence well productivity. These polymers are also more tolerant to both KCl and a wider range of mix waters. Field loadings of the new polymer typically range from 15 to 30 lb/1000 gal of water (i.e., 15 to 30 pptg), with most treatments ranging from 15 to 20 pptg. This paper will describe the results of rheological measurements made on low polymer crosslinked gels using steady shear. Proppant pack conductivity and regained permeability testing will also be presented. In particular, numerous treatments have been pumped into wells completed in the tight sands of the Unita, Piceance, Greater Green River and Wind River Basins of the Rocky Mountain province. Comparative post treatment analysis, utilizing basic indication techniques such as normalized production (e.g., gas production/ net pay) at fixed reference times (e.g., 30-day cumulative gas) will be presented. In addition, a more comprehensive analysis using well testing (drawdown) methods will also be included as a means to evaluate the benefits of using borate crosslinked fluids based on lower polymer loadings.
Partial nitrification in MBBRs for mainstream deammonification with thin biofilms and alternating feed supply (2015)

A new principle for mainstream nitrogen removal through nitritation followed by anammox was studied in a two-stage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) configuration. The first stage was optimized for nitritation by using thin biofilms and a feed alternating between synthetic mainstream wastewater at 15°C and, for shorter periods, synthetic reject water at 30 °C. The exposure of the biofilm to reject water conditions aimed to improve the growth conditions for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, while inhibiting nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The biofilm thickness was maintained below 200 μm to ensure high exposure of the total biomass to the bulk reactor conditions. Nitritation was successfully achieved in the configuration, with a nitrite accumulation ratio above 75% during the majority of the study, and ammonia removal rates between 0.25 and 0.50 g NH4-N/L,d. The anoxic second stage, optimized for anammox, was fed with the effluent from the nitritation reactor, reaching nitrogen removal rates above 0.20 g TN/L,d.
New approach on multi-axial analysis of camera shake (2010)

A new measurement on camera shakes featuring a combination of a gyro sensor and signal processing is reported. For higher accuracy, shake movements are separated into rotational and translational motions. Advanced quantitative analysis on image quality is also presented considering the effect from translation which was not discussed previously.
Adaptive Decoding and Equalization for Time Reversal-Space Time Block-Coded Cooperative Diversity Systems (2008)

We develop a practical adaptive equalizer structure for time reversal-space time block-coded amplify-and-forward relaying systems, which eliminates the need for a separate decoding block requiring explicit channel estimation. The adaptive equalizer length is also independent of the data block length, making it particularly suitable for frequency selective fading channels with short delay spreads. We derive the minimum mean square error (MMSE) solution and, using the resulting structure, we develop a block recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithm. We use computer simulations to compare two new adaptive equalizer structures for an amplify-and-forward relay network based on Protocols I and III proposed by Nabar et al. We show that both adaptive equalizers work well, but the equalizer tailored for Protocol I outperforms that for Protocol III.
A mitochondrial DNA mutation at nucleotide pair 14459 of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 gene associated with maternally inherited Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dystonia. (1994)

A five-generation Hispanic family expressing maternally transmitted Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and/or early-onset dystonia associated with bilateral basal ganglia lesions was studied. Buffy coat mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from a severely affected child was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and greater than 90% sequenced. The mtDNA proved to be a Native American haplogroup D genotype and differed from the standard "Cambridge" sequence at 40 nucleotide positions. One of these variants, a G-to-A transition at nucleotide pair (np) 14459, changed a moderately conserved alanine to a valine at NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) residue 72. The np 14459 variant was not found in any of 38 Native American haplogroup D mtDNAs, nor was it detected in 108 Asian, 103 Caucasian, or 99 African mtDNAs. Six maternal relatives in three generations were tested and were found to harbor the mutation, with one female affected with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy being heteroplasmic. Thus, the np 14459 G-to-A missense mutation is specific to this family, alters a moderately conserved amino acid in a complex I gene, is a unique mtDNA variant in Native American haplogroup D, and is heteroplasmic, suggesting that it is the disease-causing mutation.
Active finite element analysis of skeletal muscle-tendon complex during isometric, shortening and lengthening contraction. (2004)

An active finite element model was developed to predict the mechanical behaviors of skeletal muscle-tendon complex during isometric, shortening and lengthening contraction. The active finite element was created through incorporation of a user-defined material property into ABAQUS finite element code. The active finite element is controlled by a motor element that is activated by a mathematical function. The nonlinear passive behavior of the muscle was defined by the viscoelastic elements and can be easily altered to other properties by using other elements in the material library without the need of re-defining the constitutive relation of the muscle. The isometric force-length relationship, force-strain relations of the muscle-tendon complex during both shortening and lengthening contraction and muscle relaxation response were predicted using the proposed finite element model. The predicted results were found to be in good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, the stress distribution in the muscle-tendon complex during isometric, shortening and lengthening contractions was simulated. The location of the maximum stress may provide useful information for studying muscle damage and fatigue in the future.
A general protein purification and immobilization method on controlled porosity glass: biocatalytic applications (2014)

A general combined purification and immobilization method to facilitate biocatalytic process development is presented. The support material, EziG™, is based on controlled porosity glass (CPG) or polymer-coated versions thereof (HybCPG) and binds protein affinity tags. Biocatalytic reactions in aqueous and organic media with seven enzymes of biocatalytic interest are shown.
Soft Robotic Haptic Interface with Variable Stiffness for Rehabilitation of Neurologically Impaired Hand Function (2017)

The human hand comprises complex sensorimotor functions that can be impaired by neurological diseases and traumatic injuries. Effective rehabilitation can bring the impaired hand back to a functional state because of the plasticity of the central nervous system to relearn and remodel the lost synapses in the brain. Current rehabilitation therapies focus on strengthening motor skills, such as grasping, employ multiple objects of varying stiffness so that affected persons can experience a wide range of strength training. These devices have limited range of stiffness due to the rigid mechanisms employed in their variable stiffness actuators. This paper presents a novel soft robotic haptic device for neuromuscular rehabilitation of the hand, which is designed to offer adjustable stiffness and can be utilized in both clinical and home settings. The device eliminates the need for multiple objects by employing a pneumatic soft structure made with highly compliant materials that act as the actuator of the haptic interface. It is made with interchangeable sleeves that can be customized to include materials of varying stiffness to increase the upper limit of the stiffness range. The device is fabricated using existing 3-D printing technologies, and polymer molding and casting techniques thus keeping the cost low and throughput high. The haptic interface is linked to either an open-loop system that allows for an increased pressure during usage or closed-loop system that provides pressure regulation in accordance to the stiffness the user specifies. Preliminary evaluation is performed to characterize the effective controllable region of variance in stiffness. It was found that the region of controllable stiffness was between points 3 and 7, where the stiffness appeared to plateau with each increase in pressure. The two control systems are tested to derive relationships between internal pressure, grasping force exertion on the surface, and displacement using multiple probing points on the haptic device. Additional quantitative evaluation is performed with study participants and juxtaposed to a qualitative analysis to ensure adequate perception in compliance variance. The qualitative evaluation showed that greater than 60% of the trials resulted in the correct perception of stiffness in the haptic device.
Validation of an ICH Q2 Compliant Flow Cytometry-Based Assay for the Assessment of the Inhibitory Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on T Cell Proliferation (2023)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to suppress pathological activation of immune cells and have therefore been considered for the treatment of Graft-versus-Host-Disease. The clinical application of MSCs requires a process validation to ensure consistent quality. A flow cytometry-based mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was developed to analyse the inhibitory effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation. Monoclonal antibodies were used to stimulate T cell expansion and determine the effect of MSCs after four days of co-culture based on proliferation tracking with the violet proliferation dye VPD450. Following the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R1), the performance of <i>n</i> = 30 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) donor pairs was assessed. The specific inhibition of T cells by viable MSCs was determined and precision values of <10% variation for repeatability and <15% for intermediate precision were found. Compared to a non-compendial reference method, a linear correlation of r = 0.9021 was shown. Serial dilution experiments demonstrated a linear range for PBMC:MSC ratios from 1:1 to 1:0.01. The assay was unaffected by PBMC inter-donor variability. In conclusion, the presented MLR can be used as part of quality control tests for the validation of MSCs as a clinical product.
Pro-Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (ProGRP) - ein neuer Tumormarker beim kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom. Pro-Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (ProGRP) - A New Marker in Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas (1997)

Article Pro-Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (ProGRP) - ein neuer Tumormarker beim kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom. Pro-Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (ProGRP) - A New Marker in Small-Cell Lung Carcinomas was published on January 1, 1997 in the journal Journal of Laboratory Medicine (volume 21, issue 6).
Ultrasonic flowmeters (1981)

Recent accounts of ultrasonic flowmeters usually concentrate on either transit time or Doppler types. Although these are the most common types in use today, at least six other types exist. Part 1 of this two-part paper describes the physical principles of eight types of ultrasonic flowmeters, along with some general considerations (flow profile, accuracy, response time) applicable to any flowmeter. Part 2 deals mainly with single-path transit time ultrasonic flowmeters for liquids, but discusses in a more general sense ultrasonic propagation starting at the transmitting transducer, continuing across impedance mismatches and attenuating media, and including the effects of reflection, refraction and diffraction. Application of these ultrasonic propagation principles is illustrated by various flow cell designs such as the axial offset type for pipe diameters down to a few mm; the square-hole zigzag type for in-line area-averaging; clamp-on and wetted-transducer installations on conventional pipes; and special cells. Finally, the use of microprocessor technology is illustrated with respect to improving accuracy and reliability, and for calculating fluid-or flow-related parameters such as sound speed, temperature, density, viscosity, Reynolds number, Mach number, standard deviation of the flow velocity, and mass flow rate.
Abstract 3258: Development of novel ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: A story from structural analysis to preclinical study (2011)

Abstract The goal of this project is to develop new class inhibitors for Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR), a key enzyme for DNA synthesis. These inhibitors are more effective than existing small molecule therapies, and can overcome resistance from Hydroxyurea (HU), the only FDA approved drug for targeting RR-based cancers. In addition, this new class of inhibitors will ameliorate the severe iron chelating side effects associated with 3-Aminopyridine-2-Carboxaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, Triapine®), a compound that is currently been testing in human phase II clinic trials. A lead compound, COH29 (US Patent No. 54435.8056.US01) with sub-micro molar range inhibition was developed through modification of a hit identified from screening a diverse compound library from NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP). COH29 demonstrated 90.2% inhibitory activity of recombinant human RRM2/RRM1 enzyme complex at 9 µM in vitro. Moreover, examine the cytotoxicity of COH29 in a NCI broad panel of 60 human cancer cell lines in vitro by 5 doses MTT cytotoxicity assay indicated COH29 show a good inhibition against cancer cells special to leukemia and ovarian cancer cells. Importantly, COH29 shows less toxicity to human normal fibroblast cells as compared to 3-AP. Results from computer modeling and biophysical measurements suggest that COH29 interferes with the radical transfer pathway at the interface between RRM1 and RRM2. This represents a unique binding mechanism that is completely different from existing known inhibitors. Biacore binding analysis, computer docking, as well as NMR Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) studies have been performed and identified COH29 binding is specific to RRM2. These studies further confirm a V-shaped binding pocket of RRM2 with COH29. Preliminary data suggest that COH29 represents a promising new class of RR inhibitors with the advantages of (a) a unique mechanism and target specificity that interferes with the radical transfer pathway at the RRM1-RRM2 interface, (b) greater potency than HU in the sub-µM range of IC50, and (c) avoiding iron chelating-related side effects compared to 3-AP. Therefore, our objectives are to optimize the properties of COH29 into a viable candidate as a future anticancer drug targeting over expressed RR based cancers. (This project was supported by NIH grant CA 127541) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3258. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3258
Bolus characteristics based on Magnetic Resonance Angiography (2006)

The convolution function describes bolus dynamics reasonably well and could be used to implement the adaptive controller design.