gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computationally Efficient Image Super Resolution from Totally Aliased Low Resolution Images (2018)

This paper considers the problem of super-resolution (SR) image reconstruction from a set of totally aliased low resolution (LR) images with different unknown sub-pixel offsets. By assuming the translational motion model, a linear compact representation between the LR image spectrums and SR image spectrum, based on multi-coset sampling is provided. Based on this model, we formulate the joint estimation of the unknown shifts and SR image spectrum as a dictionary learning problem and alternating minimization approach is employed to solve this joint estimation. Two different approaches for obtaining the SR image; one based on estimated shifts and another based on estimate SR spectrum are described. The significant advantage of the proposed approach is the smaller matrix sizes to be handled during the computation; typically on the order of number of images and enhancement factors, and is completely independent on the actual dimensions of LR and SR images, hence requiring significantly lesser resources than the current state of the art approaches. Brief simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Autonomous Vehicle Dynamic Model-Based Navigation for Small UAVs (2016)

This paper presents a novel approach to autonomous navigation for small UAVs, with no extra sensor added to the conventional INS/GNSS setup. The proposed method significantly increases the accuracy and reliability of autonomous navigation, especially for small UAVs with low-cost IMUs. This improvement is of special interest in the case of GNSS outages, where inertial coasting drifts very quickly. In the proposed architecture, the VDM provides the estimate of position, velocity, and attitude, which is updated within a filter based on available observations, such as IMU data or when available, GNSS measurements. The filter is capable of estimating wind velocity and dynamic model parameters, in addition to navigation states and IMU sensor errors. Monte Carlo simulations reveal major improvements in navigation accuracy compared to conventional INS/GNSS systems during GNSS outages of 5 min. A discussion on the observability is also presented at the end. Copyright © 2016 Institute of Navigation
Cytotoxic and immune-sensitizing properties of nitric oxide-modified saquinavir in iNOS-positive human melanoma cells (2010)

We have recently shown that covalent attachment of the NO moiety to the HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq) produced a qualitatively new chemical entity, named Saquinavir-NO (Saq-NO), with enhanced anticancer properties and reduced toxicity. In this study we evaluated the impact of Saq-NO on the growth of A375 human melanoma cells, as a prototype of NO-dependent cancer model. The novel compound strongly affected the in vitro and in vivo progression of A375 melanoma cell growth. The mechanism of antimelanoma action comprised dual drug activity-induction of apoptotic cell death and acquisition of melanoma cell responsiveness to TRAIL. Saq-NO-triggered apoptosis was dependent on transient AKT up-regulation and reduced pERK and iNOS expression that were observed within the first 12 h of exposure to the drug. Thereafter, however, Saq-NO up-regulated both iNOS transcription and NO endogenous synthesis and sensitized A375 cells to TRAIL. Furthermore, reduced YY1 expression was observed after 24 h of Saq-NO exposure, which correlated with increased expression of DR5. The biological relevance of this complex and powerful action of Saq-NO was consistent with the marked drug-induced inhibition of the growth of A375 xenotransplants in nude mice.
New autoantibodies in early rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

We identified new autoantibodies associated with RA with disease duration less than one year. These autoantibodies could be used as diagnosis markers in RA patients.
Digital plasma density determining device (1974)

A device is described for measuring the time dependent, volume averaged density of a decaying plasma in a large multimode microwave cavity such as is typically used for plasma confinement studies. The technique consists of filling the cavity with microwave radiation and digitally counting the modes observed with a detector as the plasma decays. Since each mode corresponds statistically to a constant density increment, the density at a given time is proportional to the number of modes that appear as the density decays to zero. Experiments in a toroidal octopole show good agreement with density as measured by other methods.
Preparation of multi-phase microspheres of poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) containing a W/O emulsion by a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique (1991)

Multi-phase microspheres of poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) containing a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion were prepared by a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Acetonitrile was used as the solvent for the polymers and light mineral oil as the dispersion medium for the encapsulation procedure. Process and formulation parameters to optimize the microencapsulation of a W/O emulsion containing water-soluble drugs were investigated. Drug loading efficiencies of 80-100 per cent were obtained under specific preparative conditions. The drug loading efficiency in the microspheres was dependent upon the ratio of the W/O emulsion to polymer and the concentration of surfactant in the mineral oil. Compared to conventional microspheres, in which fine drug particles are homogeneously dispersed in the polymer beads, the multi-phase microspheres permit the higher encapsulation efficiency of water-soluble drugs and eliminate partitioning into the polymer-acetonitrile phase which results in low encapsulation efficiency with conventional solvent evaporation techniques.
Event Detection in Social Streams (2012)

Social networks generate a large amount of text content over time because of continuous interaction between participants. The mining of such social streams is more challenging than traditional text streams, because of the presence of both text content and implicit network structure within the stream. The problem of event detection is also closely related to clustering, because the events can only be inferred from aggregate trend changes in the stream. In this paper, we will study the two related problems of clustering and event detection in social streams. We will study both the supervised and unsupervised case for the event detection problem. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of incorporating network structure in event discovery over purely content-based methods.
DSP-Enhanced Analog-to-Digital Conversion for High-Speed Data Centers' Optical Connectivities (2015)

As data centers evolve to sustain the economic scale in network traffic, optical interconnections are adapted to support the vast amount of capacity requirements. Among emerging solutions is the incorporation of digital-signal-processing (DSP) functionalities at the receiver to compensate for the optical fiber and optoelectronic components impairments. The bottleneck in such architecture is often implementing a high-resolution and high-speed analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) device, which usually leads to massive power consumption and high costs. In this paper, we propose novel transmission schemes based on low-resolution ADCs, termed DSP-enhanced analog-to-digital conversion. The proposed methods are based on the mathematical principle of predictive quantization, combined with linear equalization theory. Mathematical analysis and performance bounds associated with common channel impairments are derived. Simulation results demonstrate that the DSP-enhanced ADC provides a significant signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) gain and, subsequently, may enable heavy digital compensation with reduced-resolution ADCs.
Evolving Deep Neural Networks (2017)

The success of deep learning depends on finding an architecture to fit the task. As deep learning has scaled up to more challenging tasks, the architectures have become difficult to design by hand. This paper proposes an automated method, CoDeepNEAT, for optimizing deep learning architectures through evolution. By extending existing neuroevolution methods to topology, components, and hyperparameters, this method achieves results comparable to best human designs in standard benchmarks in object recognition and language modeling. It also supports building a real-world application of automated image captioning on a magazine website. Given the anticipated increases in available computing power, evolution of deep networks is promising approach to constructing deep learning applications in the future.
Cuanta (2011)

Workload consolidation is very attractive for cloud platforms due to several reasons including reduced infrastructure costs, lower energy consumption, and ease of management. Advances in virtualization hardware and software continue to improve resource isolation among consolidated workloads but a particular form of resource interference is yet to see a commercially widely adopted solution - the interference due to shared processor caches. Existing solutions for handling cache interference require new hardware features, extensive software changes, or reduce the achieved overall throughput. A crucial requirement for effective consolidation is to be able to predict the impact of cache interference among consolidated workloads. In this paper, we present a practical technique for predicting performance interference due to shared processor cache which works on current processor architectures and requires minimal software changes. While performance degradation can be empirically measured for a given placement of consolidated workloads, the number of possible placements grows exponentially with the number of workloads and actual measurement of degradation is thus not practical for every possible placement. Our technique predicts the degradation for any possible placement using only a linear number of measurements, and can be used to select the most efficient consolidation pattern, for required performance and resource constraints. An average prediction error of less than 4% is achieved across a wide variety of benchmark workloads, using Xen VMM on Intel Core 2 Duo and Nehalem quad-core processor platforms. We also illustrate the usefulness of our prediction technique in realizing better workload placement decisions for given performance and resource cost objectives.
Plasmonic enhancement of a whispering-gallery-mode biosensor for single nanoparticle detection in aqueous solution (2012)

We describe and demonstrate a physical mechanism that substantially enhances the label-free sensitivity of a Whispering-Gallery-Mode biosensor for the detection of individual nanoparticles in aqueous solution. It involves the interaction of dielectric nanoparticle in an equatorial carousel orbit with a plasmonic nanoparticle bound on the orbital path. As a 60 nm dielectric particle parks on plasmonic hot spots we observe frequency shifts that are considerably enhanced consistent with a simple reactive model. Using the same model the label free detection of a single bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecule is projected.
HUMAN TASTE GENETICS (2005)

Humans show substantial differences in taste sensitivity to many different substances. Some of this variation is known to be genetic in origin, and many other inter-individual differences are likely to be partially or wholly determined by genetic mechanisms. Recent advances in the understanding of taste at the molecular level have provided candidate genes that can be evaluated for contributions to phenotypic differences in taste abilities. This approach has provided an understanding of variation in the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), and has resolved long-standing controversies about the genetics of this classic human genetic trait. Significant coding sequence variation exists in taste receptor genes, which suggests that PTC tasting may indicate more general taste sensory variation. However, many aspects of taste perception remain poorly characterized. Better understanding of the molecular components of salty and sour tastes is still needed, as is a more complete picture of second messenger and downstream signaling mechanisms for all taste modalities. More general studies of linkage and association between genetic markers and taste phenotypes may reveal genes encoding proteins that were previously unsuspected to be involved in this sensory process.
New Prediction-Augmented Classical Least-Squares (PACLS) Methods: Application to Unmodeled Interferents (2000)

A significant improvement to the classical least-squares (CLS) multivariate analysis method has been developed. The new method, called prediction-augmented classical least-squares (PACLS), removes the restriction for CLS that all interfering spectral species must be known and their concentrations included during the calibration. We demonstrate that PACLS can correct inadequate CLS models if spectral components left out of the calibration can be identified and if their “spectral shapes” can be derived and added during a PACLS prediction step. The new PACLS method is demonstrated for a system of dilute aqueous solutions containing urea, creatinine, and NaCl analytes with and without temperature variations. We demonstrate that if CLS calibrations are performed with only a single analyte's concentrations, then there is little, if any, prediction ability. However, if pure-component spectra of analytes left out of the calibration are independently obtained and added during PACLS prediction, then the CLS prediction ability is corrected and predictions become comparable to that of a CLS calibration that contains all analyte concentrations. It is also demonstrated that constant-temperature CLS models can be used to predict variable-temperature data by employing the PACLS method augmented by the spectral shape of a temperature change of the water solvent. In this case, PACLS can also be used to predict sample temperature with a standard error of prediction of 0.07 °C even though the calibration data did not contain temperature variations. The PACLS method is also shown to be capable of modeling system drift to maintain a calibration in the presence of spectrometer drift.
Novel Regulators of Bone Formation (1989)

WOZNEY, JOHN M.; ROSEN, VICKI; CELESTE, ANTHONY J.; MITSOCK, LISA M.; WHITTERS, MATTHEW J.; KRIZ, RONALD W.; HEWICK, RODNEY M.; WANG, ELIZABETH A. Author Information
High power two-color orbital angular momentum beam generation using vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (2018)

We report the design and experimental results for a two-chip T-cavity vertical external cavity surface emitting laser utilized for two-color collinear generation of Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) transverse modes. A combination of intracavity mode-control elements and an external astigmatic mode converter was used to achieve high power LG modes. By incorporating intracavity birefringent filters in each arm of the T-cavity, wide wavelength tuning in excess of 12 nm of each mode is demonstrated. Output power exceeding 1.5 W is measured for all the modes.
Silicon Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2000)

Abstract This paper reviews capacitor micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs). Transducers for air-borne and immersion applications are made from parallel-plate capacitors whose dimensions are controlled through traditional integrated circuit manufacturing methods. Transducers for airborne ultrasound applications have been operated in the frequency range of 0.1–11 MHz, while immersion transducers have been operated in the frequency range of 1–20 MHz. The Mason model is used to represent the cMUT and highlight the important parameters in the design of both airborne and immersion transducers. Theory is used to compare the dynamic range and the bandwidth of the cMUTs to piezoelectric transducers. It is seen that cMUTs perform at least as well if not better than piezoelectric transducers. Examples of single-element transducers, linear-array transducers, and two-dimensional arrays of transducers will be presented.
Reflection-mode submicron-resolution photoacoustic microscopy in vivo (2012)

We developed the first reflection-mode submicron-resolution photoacoustic microscopy system. With a lateral resolution of ~0.5 μm and a maximum penetration depth of ~0.42 mm in soft tissue, it is suitable for in vivo high-resolution imaging.
Broad-Spectrum Beam Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2003)

The measurement method termed Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) permits a direct measurement of elastic displacements within media that are subject to forced vibration. Standard MRE methods, however, allow for sensitization to only a single frequency of vibration and must be phase locked to the mechanical stimulus. In this paper, we present a novel adaptation of standard MRE methods which permits an extremely rapid measurement of elastic displacements along a beam of interrogation due to broad-spectrum vibration. Temporal and spatial Fourier transforms are then performed on the displacement information to form dispersion images for elastic modulus, attenuation, and anisotropic characterization.
Foldering voicemail messages by caller using text independent speaker recognition (2000)

The ability to automatically scan voicemail messages for content and caller identity cues would be a useful service. This paper describes a system which automatically files voicemail messages into caller folders using text independent speaker recognition techniques. Callers are represented by Gaussian mixture models (GMM’s). The speech for an incoming message is processed and scored against caller models created for a subscriber. A message whose matching score exceeds a threshold is filed in the matching caller folder; otherwise it is tagged as “unknown”. The subscriber has the ability to listen to an “unknown” message and file it in the proper folder, if it exists, or create a new folder, if it does not. Such subscriber labelled messages are used to train and adapt caller models. The system has been evaluated on a database of voicemail messages collected at AT&T Labs. A set of 20 callers from this database is designated as “ingroup”. Each of these callers has recorded at least 20 messages totalling 10 or more minutes in duration. A distinct set of 220 messages, each from a dierent caller, are designated as “outgroup”. Representative performance figures with threshold parameters set to ensure that outgroup acceptance is low compared with ingroup rejection are the following. The average ingroup message rejection rate is 11.0% and the average ingroup message confusion rate (matching the wrong caller) is 1.0%, while the average outgroup message accept rate is 2.7%.
Molecular Design Principles for Near‐Infrared Absorbing and Emitting Indolizine Dyes (2016)

Abstract Desirable components for dye‐sensitzed solar cell (DSC) sensitizers and fluorescent imaging dyes include strong donating building blocks coupled with well‐balanced acceptor functionalities for absorption beyond the visible range. We have evaluated the effects of increasing acceptor strengths and incorporation of dye morphology controlling groups on molar absorptivity and absorption breadth with indolizine donor‐based dyes. Indolizine‐based D –A and D –π–A sensitizers incorporating bis‐rhodanine, tricyanofuran (TCF), and cyanoacrylic acid functionalities were analyzed for performance in DSC devices. The TCF derivatives were also evaluated as near‐infrared (NIR)‐emissive materials with the AH25 emissions extending past 1000 nm.
The<i>Drosophila erg</i>K<sup>+</sup>Channel Polypeptide Is Encoded by the Seizure Locus (1997)

The eag family of K+ channels contains three known subtypes: eag, elk, and erg. Genes representing the first two subtypes have been identified in flies and mammals, whereas the third subtype has been defined only by the human HERG gene, which encodes an inwardly rectifying channel that is mutated in some cardiac arrhythmias. To establish the predicted existence of a Drosophila gene in the erg subfamily and to learn more about the structure and biological function of channels within this subfamily, we undertook a search for the Drosophila counterpart of HERG. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the Drosophila erg gene. We show that it corresponds with the previously identified seizure (sei) locus, mutations of which cause a temperature-sensitive paralytic phenotype associated with hyperactivity in the flight motor pathway. These results yield new insights into the structure and evolution of the eag family of channels, provide a molecular explanation for the sei mutant phenotype, and demonstrate the important physiological roles of erg-type channels from invertebrates to mammals.
Two-wavelength fibre gyroscope with wide dynamic range (1986)

An optical fibre gyroscope configuration which utilises dual-wavelength determination of the Sagnac shift is described. It is shown that this provides a means of extending the unambiguous rotation sensing range, and thus the dynamic range, of the gyroscope. Using an all-fibre system and sources at wavelengths of 812 nm and 842 nm, an increase in unambiguous sensing range of approximately 27 times is demonstrated.
Conjugated Polymers as Materials for Thin Film Solid State Lasers (1997)

Optically pumped gain narrowing and lasing have been demonstrated in submicron thick films, neat and undiluted, of photoluminescent conjugated polymers. The dramatic collapse of the emission line width occurs at very low pump energy thresholds (~10 μJ/cm 2 ). Gain narrowing is found in over a dozen different conjugated polymers representing a variety of molecular structures, including poly( p -phenylenevinylene), poly( p -phenylene) and polyfluorene derivatives; the emission wavelengths in these materials span the visible spectrum. The short gain lengths in conjugated polymers are attributed to the high density of chromophores, the large density of states associated with the interband (π-π * ) transition in quasi-one-dimensional systems, and the Stokes shift which minimizes self-absorption and allows optical pumping to the excited state without simultaneously stimulating emission (thereby yielding population inversion). Lasing and gain narrowing are compared for a soluble poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative using two different resonant structures: planar waveguides and microcavities. In both cases, the gain narrowing threshold is at 0.05 - 0.1 μJ per 10 ns pulse focused to approximately 1.5 mm. Single mode microcavity lasers are obtained when a cavity resonance occurs at the wavelength where the gain of the polymer is a maximum. Low threshold lasing (threshold more than an order of magnitude below that observed in planar waveguides and microcavities) has also been demonstrated using distributed feedback in a planar chip film configuration.
Inhibition of Cytokine Production by Hymenialdisine Derivatives (2004)

We describe herein the synthesis and biological activity of two indoloazepines that are structurally related to the marine sponge metabolite hymenialdisine. The natural product hymenialdisine was found to be a potent inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IC(50) = 2.4 microM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (IC(50) = 1.4 microM) production. One of the hymenialdisine derived indoloazepines was found to also inhibit interleukin-2 (IC(50) = 3.5 microM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (IC(50) = 8.2 microM) production.
Virus Inactivation in Hemoglobin Solutions by Heat (1988)

To determine the feasibility of heat treating hemoglobin solutions to inactivate viruses, we performed experiments on the thermal stability of this protein and found that the structure and function of deoxyhemoglobin are well preserved during incubation at 60 degrees C for 10 hours at a pH of 7.5. Model viruses and the human immunodeficiency virus were rapidly inactivated under these conditions. The results imply that incubation at 60 degrees C is a practical method for inactivating viruses in hemoglobin solutions.