gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model based print signature profile extraction for forensic analysis of individual text glyphs (2010)

Forensic analysis of individual printed items, including single characters, enables the addition of some level of security to any printed item (label, document, package, etc.). In this paper, we present a model-based approach for extracting a signature profile around the outer edge of virtually any text glyph. We show that for two high-resolution imaging devices (the Dyson Relay CMOS Imaging Device, called DrCID, and a high speed line-scan camera) this signature encodes that part of the glyph boundary that is due to the random fluctuation of the print process, enabling significantly higher levels of forensic discrimination than previously shown. The model-based approach enables a security workflow where the line-scan device is integrated into production line inspection with later forensic investigation in the field using the DrCID device. We also develop a simple shape descriptor to encode the signature profile, making it easier to manipulate, test and store. We argue that the shape descriptor provides forensic-level authentication of a single printed character.
Response and Survival Outcomes to Ibrutinib Monotherapy for Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia on and off Clinical Trials (2020)

Ibrutinib is the first approved therapy for symptomatic patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). The approval was based on a single, multicenter, phase II trial in previously treated WM patients. We sought to evaluate whether there were differences in clinical characteristics, response, and survival outcomes to ibrutinib monotherapy between WM patients treated on and off clinical trials. Treatment naïve and previously treated patients who received ibrutinib monotherapy at our institution and participated in two prospective studies (ON trial; n = 72) or a prospective database (OFF trial; n = 157) were included. The median times from WM diagnosis to ibrutinib initiation were 3.1 and 3.5 years for ON and OFF trial patients, respectively (p = 0.38). Similar rates of categorical response at 6, 12, and 24 months and at best response were also observed between ON trial and OFF trial patients. The 4-year PFS and OS rates for ON trial and OFF trial patients were 72% and 63%, respectively (log-rank p = 0.14) and 83% and 81%, respectively (log-rank p = 0.14). CXCR4 mutations impacted response and survival outcomes to ibrutinib monotherapy. The 4-year rates of ibrutinib discontinuation in ON and OFF trial patients were 36% and 44%, respectively (p = 0.11). Ibrutinib is effective in the routine clinical care of both treatment-naïve and previously treated WM patients. The findings of our study validate the efficacy of ibrutinib monotherapy reported in multiple phase II clinical trials.
EXTRACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM THE ATMOSPHERE THROUGH ENGINEERED CHEMICAL SINKAGE (2024)

We present the case for CO{sub 2} extraction from air as a means of sustaining fossil energy use by avoiding climate change. Our concept harnesses atmospheric circulation to transport CO{sub 2} to sites where the CO{sub 2} is extracted by binding it to an adsorbent. As a proof of concept, we show that an aqueous Ca(OH){sub 2} solution efficiently converts CO{sub 2} to a CaCO{sub 3} solid that can be heated to obtain pure CO{sub 2} and recover the CaO. Even with recycling costs, CO{sub 2} extraction from air blown by wind through a 1 m{sup 2} aperture could eliminate the greenhouse gas impact of 100 kW gasoline engine, making it more favorable than renewable sources as solar, wind, or bio-mass. In addition it collects CO{sub 2} from dispersed sources, preserves the energy infrastructure, can yield negative emissions, and provide free CO{sub 2} transport to sequestration sites. We report economic and scaling arguments, atmospheric simulations and experiments that support pursuing air-extraction as an advanced CO{sub 2} capture technology. This method could process today's world output of CO{sub 2} with many collection units with a net area of 10{sup 3}-10{sup 4} km{sup 2} at costs of {approx} 5{cents}/liter of gasoline, a manageable scale for this massive undertaking.
Observation of a Superconducting Gap in Boron-Doped Diamond by Laser-Excited Photoemission Spectroscopy (2007)

We investigate the temperature (T)-dependent low-energy electronic structure of a boron-doped diamond thin film using ultrahigh resolution laser-excited photoemission spectroscopy. We observe a clear shift of the leading edge below T=11 K, indicative of a superconducting gap opening (Delta approximately 0.78 meV at T=4.5 K). The gap feature is significantly broad and a well-defined quasiparticle peak is lacking even at the lowest temperature of measurement (=4.5 K). We discuss our results in terms of disorder effects on the normal state transport and superconductivity in this system.
Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC)-Based Symbol Representation (2019)

This document describes a symbol representation for Random Linear
Network Coding (RLNC) schemes used for reliable data transfer.
Specifically, the following features are discussed and incorporated:
both block RLNC and a sliding window RLNC, varying data frame sizes,
and one or multiple symbols associated with a single symbol
representation header.
Compensation of Limited Bandwidth and Nonlinearity for Coherent Transponder (2019)

Coherent optical transponders are widely deployed in today’s long haul and metro optical networks using dense wavelength division multiplexing. To increase the data carrying capacity, the coherent transponder utilizes the high order modulation format and operates at a high baud rate. The limited bandwidth and the nonlinearity are two critical impairments for the coherent in-phase quadrature transmitter. These impairments can be mitigated by digital filters. However, to accurately determine the coefficients of these filters is difficult because the impairment from the limited bandwidth and the impairment from nonlinearity are coupled together. In this paper, we present a novel method to solve this problem. During the initial power-up, we apply a sinusoidal stimulus to the coherent IQ transmitter. We then scan the frequency and amplitude of the stimulus and monitor the output power. By curve-fitting with an accurate mathematical model, we determine the limited bandwidth, the nonlinearity, the power imbalance, and the bias point of the transponder simultaneously. Optimized coefficients of the digital filters are determined accordingly. Furthermore, we utilize a coherent IQ transponder and demonstrate that the limited bandwidth is improved by the finite impulse response filter, while nonlinearity is mitigated by the memoryless Volterra filter.
A novel polygonal spiral antenna (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel 2-18 GHz polygonal spiral antenna that approximates a circular spiral in its highest frequencies and gradually transforms itself into a square spiral antenna at its lowest frequencies of operation. The design has successfully addressed the problem of high axial ratios associated with UWB rectangular spiral antenna systems. Our results demonstrate that the polygonal spiral antenna demonstrates excellent axial ratio and gain-bandwidth performance with ≤3 dB axial ratio over 93.5% of its operational bandwidth.
Identification, purification, and radioimmunoassay of NB/70K, a human ovarian tumor-associated antigen. (1981)

NB/70K, a tumor-associated antigen of human ovarian epithelial tumor Fraction OCA, has been purified and identified as a glycoprotein which is stable in 0.6 M perchloric acid, binds to concanavalin A, and migrates electrophoretically with alpha-like mobility in barbital-buffered agarose at pH 8.6. NB/70K does not appear to contain normal serum, normal ovary, normal lung, or carcinoembryonic antigen-like cross-reacting antigenic determinants as measured by radioimmunoassay. NB/70K has been purified from ovarian antigen Fraction OCA by chromatography on gamma-globulin coupled to Sepharose 4B and by elution from acrylamide gels. NB/70K migrates as a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 70,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate:acrylamide gel electrophoresis. A rabbit antibody raised against NB/70K was able to precipitate a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 70,000 as visualized by autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulfate:acrylamide gels. A radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring NB/70K activity, using Staphylococcus aureus protein A as a precipitating agent.
Effects of NAMI-A and some related ruthenium complexes on cell viability after short exposure of tumor cells (2000)

A series of three ruthenium complexes, i.e. trans-dichlorote-trakisdimethyl-sulfoxide ruthenium(ll) (trans-Ru), imidazolium trans-imidazoletetra-chlororuthenate (ICR) and sodium trans-tetramethylensulfoxideisoquinoline-tetrachlororuthenate (TEQU), were studied in vitro in comparison to NAMI-A, a potent ruthenium-based antimetastasis agent. In vitro challenge of TS/A adenocarcinoma or KB oral carcinoma tumor cells with 10(-4) M concentration for 1 h evidenced the lack of cytotoxicity of NAMI-A, ICR and trans-Ru, the accumulation of cells in the G2/M pre-mitotic cell phase by NAMI-A and the attachment of tumor cells to the plastic substrate was significantly greater for NAMI-A than for ICR. These data stress that in vitro cytotoxicity is not necessary for in vivo activity of ruthenium antitumor complexes: NAMIA, ICR and trans-Ru, are in fact known to be active against murine tumors in the mouse system. Rather, TEQU, the compound free of in vivo activity, was the only one to reduce cell growth of in vitro cultured cells. In conclusion, the data on the effects of NAMI-A on in vitro cultured cells show that the increase of cell adhesion properties and the transient cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase are much more relevant than the effects on cell properties relevant to cell growth (i.e. on CD44, CD54 or CD71 antigens) for determining in vivo antimetastasis activity.
N-3-Substituted Pyrimidinones as Potent, Orally Active, AT1 Selective Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (1995)

A novel series of nonpeptide angiotensin II (A II) antagonists containing a pyrimidinone ring which carries a C-linked biphenyltetrazole moiety and a carboxyheteroaryl group on the 3-position have been prepared. Their affinity for the AT1 receptor was determined in a binding assay on rat adrenal cortical membranes. The in vivo antihypertensive properties were tested by evaluating the inhibition of the pressor response to A II followed by iv and id administration. Extensive molecular modeling studies, including comparison of molecular electrostatic potential distributions, conformational analysis, and overlays on a computational pharmacophore model of A II, were used to evaluate structural parameters of the new compounds, in comparison to other known A II antagonists (e.g., DUP-753 and SK&F 108566). According to the modeling studies, the introduction of a (carboxyheteroaryl)methyl moiety at the 3-position of the pyrimidinone ring led to derivatives with increased potency. Methyl 2-[[4-butyl-2-methyl-6-oxo-5-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl ]- 4-yl]methyl]-1-(6H)-pyrimidinyl]methyl]-3-thiophenecarboxylate (3k, LR-B/081), one of the most potent compounds in the series (Ki = 1.4 nM), exhibited a marked antihypertensive activity on oral administration to conscious renal hypertensive rats, with long duration of action. It was selected for clinical evaluation in the treatment of hypertension in man.
Planar dual-band microstrip antenna (1995)

A novel dual-band microstrip antenna is introduced. The entire structure is planar and can be easily mass-produced by using printed-circuit technology. The antenna consists of multiple layers with metallic strips placed at one of the dielectric interfaces under the radiating patch. The resonant frequencies can be selected over a wide frequency range, and the impedance matching at those two frequencies is relatively simple. The physically intuitive cavity model is used for the analysis. A relatively simple design scheme is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Homoleptic <i>mer</i>-Ir(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes for highly efficient solution-processable green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with high current efficiency (2020)

Highly efficient green-emitting phosphorescent Ir(<sc>iii</sc>) complexes with meridional configurations are introduced for solution-processed PHOLEDs that achieve high CE with high EQE. The unexpected high PLQYs leads to high luminous efficiency.
An ellipsoid farrowing crate: its ergonomical design and effects on pig productivity (1994)

An ellipsoid farrowing crate was designed and compared to the conventional rectangular crate with regard to its effect on sows' production traits. The main features of this crate are its oval horizontal frame and bowed vertical bars. Thirty-two sows farrowed in each system. Those in the ellipsoid crates raised 318 pigs and those in the rectangular crates raised 304. Stillbirth rate was lower in the ellipsoid crates than in the rectangular crates (P < .05). Among pigs born live, no significant difference due to crate was found on the deaths by crushing, infection, and other causes. The overall pigs' weaning rate from total births was also similar in both crates (P > .05). The daily weight gains of pigs for the 1st wk in the ellipsoid crate did not differ from those of pigs in the rectangular crates (P > .05) but were higher for the period from d 7 to d 21 (P < .05). The ellipsoid crate allowed the sow to turn around and have more freedom to move. However, the increase in sow movement did not cause a higher pig crushing rate than that in the traditional crate (P > .05). Behavioral observations also showed that the ellipsoid farrowing crate permitted easier visual and tactile contact of dams with their pigs and offered pigs better access to the sow's teats.
All-optical coherent stopping and storage of light (2004)

We show that light can be stopped and stored coherently with an all-optical adiabatic bandwidth compression process, without any coherent or resonant light-matter interactions. Such a process overcomes the fundamental bandwidth-delay constraint in optics.
Urinary Polyamines: A Pilot Study on Their Roles as Prostate Cancer Detection Biomarkers (2016)

Current screening methods towards prostate cancer (PCa) are not without limitations. Research work has been on-going to assess if there are other better tests suitable for primary or secondary screening of PCa to supplement the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, which fails to work accurately in a grey zone of 4-10ng/ml. In this pilot study, the potential roles of urinary polyamines as prostate cancer biomarkers were evaluated. PCa, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and healthy controls (HC) showing PSA>4.0ng/ml were enrolled in the study. Their urine samples were obtained, and the urinary levels of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Student's t-test were used to evaluate their diagnostic accuracies. Among the three biogenic polyamines, Spm had demonstrated a good diagnostic performance when comparing their levels in PCa patients with BPH patients (1.47 in PCa vs 5.87 in BPH; p<0.0001). Results are in accordance with transrectal ultrasound prostatic biopsy (TRUSPB) results, with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.83±0.03. Therefore urinary Spm shows potential to serve as a novel PCa diagnostic biomarker, which in turn can help to address the limited sensitivity and specificity problem of serum PSA test.
FcγRIIB deficiency with Fas mutation is sufficient for the development of systemic autoimmune disease (2003)

MRL.Fas(lpr/lpr) mice, a model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and arthritis in humans, have a Fas mutation that results in spontaneous development of systemic autoimmune diseases and a short life span. Half of them die by 5-6 months of age due to massive progression of systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus nephritis. However, C57BL/6 (B6).Fas(lpr/lpr) strain does not develop such disorders within the normal life span, indicating that suppressor gene(s) in B6 mice may control the onset and exacerbation of disease. Here, we show that the gene for a unique inhibitory Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RIIB) is a critical SLE suppressor. Fc gamma RIIB-deficient B6.Fas(lpr/lpr) (B6.IIB(-/-)Fas(lpr/lpr)) mice developed systemic autoimmune diseases, including anti-DNA and anti-type II collagen autoantibodies and cryoglobulin production, immune complex glomerulonephritis and arthritis. They were short-lived, due to enhanced autoantibody production by B cells culminating in fatal lupus nephritis. Thus, Fc gamma RIIB deletion with Fas mutation is sufficient for the development of systemic autoimmunity in B6 mice. The inhibitory signaling cascade via Fc gamma RIIB may be critical for suppressing SLE in humans.
Pulse compression during second-harmonic generation in aperiodic quasi-phase-matching gratings (1997)

We propose a simple means for compressing optical pulses with second-harmonic generation. Aperiodic quasi-phase-matching gratings impart a frequency-dependent phase shift on the second-harmonic pulse relative to the fundamental pulse and can be engineered to correct for arbitrary phase distortions. The mechanism is discussed, and a detailed analysis of the compression of quadratic phase (linear frequency) chirped pulses is presented.
On-surface synthesis of hydroxy-functionalized graphene nanoribbons through deprotection of methylenedioxy groups (2022)

We demonstrate on-surface deprotection of methylenedioxy groups which yielded graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with edges functionalized by hydroxy groups. While anthracene trimer precursors functionalized with hydroxy groups did not yield GNRs, it was found that hydroxy groups are first protected as methylenedioxy groups and then deprotected during the cyclo-dehydrogenation process to form GNRs with hydroxy groups. The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy studies revealed that ∼20% of the methylenedioxy turned into hydroxy groups, while the others were hydrogen-terminated. The first-principles density functional theory (DFT) study on the cyclo-dehydrogenation process was performed to investigate the deprotection mechanism, which indicates that hydrogen atoms emerging during the cyclo-dehydrogenation process trigger the deprotection of methylenedioxy groups. The scanning tunneling spectroscopy study and DFT revealed a significant charge transfer from hydroxy to the Au substrate, causing an interface dipole and the HOMO being closer to the Fermi level when compared with hydrogen-terminated GNR/Au(111). This result demonstrates on-surface deprotection and indicates a possible new route to obtain GNRs with desired edge functionalization, which can be a critical component for high-performance devices.
Direct ultrasound to video registration using photoacoustic markers from a single image pose (2015)

Fusion of video and other imaging modalities is common in modern surgical scenarios to provide surgeons with additional information. Doing so requires the use of interventional guidance equipment and surgical navigation systems to register the tools and devices used in surgery with each other. In this work, we focus explicitly on registering ultrasound with a stereocamera system using photoacoustic markers. Previous work has shown that photoacoustic markers can be used to register three-dimensional ultrasound with video resulting in target registration errors lower than the current available systems. Photoacoustic markers are non-collinear laser spots projected onto some surface. They can be simultaneously visualized by a stereocamera system and in an ultra-sound volume because of the photoacoustic effect. This work replaces the three-dimensional ultrasound volume with images from a single ultrasound image pose. While an ultrasound volume provides more information than an ultrasound image, it has its disadvantages such as higher cost and slower acquisition rate. However, in general, it is difficult to register two-dimensional with three-dimensional spatial data. We propose the use of photoacoustic markers viewed by a convex array ultrasound transducer. Each photoacoustic markers wavefront provides information on its elevational position, resulting in three-dimensional spatial data. This development enhances this methods practicality as convex array transducers are more common in surgical practice than three-dimensional transducers. This work is demonstrated on a synthetic phantom. The resulting target registration error for this experiment was 2.47mm and the standard deviations was 1.29mm, which is comparable to current available systems.
Fast Human Pose Estimation using Appearance and Motion via Multi-Dimensional Boosting Regression (2007)

We address the problem of estimating human pose in video sequences, where rough location has been determined. We exploit both appearance and motion information by defining suitable features of an image and its temporal neighbors, and learning a regression map to the parameters of a model of the human body using boosting techniques. Our algorithm can be viewed as a fast initialization step for human body trackers, or as a tracker itself. We extend gradient boosting techniques to learn a multi-dimensional map from (rotated and scaled) Haar features to the entire set of joint angles representing the full body pose. We test our approach by learning a map from image patches to body joint angles from synchronized video and motion capture walking data. We show how our technique enables learning an efficient real-time pose estimator, validated on publicly available datasets.
Abstract 12671: Distinct Metabolic Flow Enables Large-Scale Purification of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2011)

Background Mass production of highly purified cardiomyocytes is a critical bottleneck in realizing heart regenerative therapy. Our recently established non-genetic purification method of cardiomyoc...
Min-Delay Margin/Error Detection and Correction for Flip-Flops and Pulsed Latches in 10-nm CMOS (2019)

Min-delay (MID) error rates increase dramatically under aggressive voltage and technology scaling, limiting V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> . Pulsed latches offer significant clocking power savings over flip-flops but further aggravate MID failures. This letter proposes MID margin/error detection and correction (M2/EDAC) for flip-flops and pulsed latches to reduce V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> guard bands for voltage noise, temperature variation, and aging, and to detect and correct rare MID failures. Statistical data collection from a prototype in 10-nm tri-gate CMOS shows up to 122-mV V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> reduction. Reliable pulsed latches enabled by M2/EDAC offer 12%–18% total dynamic power savings for logic blocks in 10-nm CMOS.
Prospective longitudinal study: use of faecal gluten immunogenic peptides to monitor children diagnosed with coeliac disease during transition to a gluten‐free diet (2019)

Faecal gluten peptides testing may guide treatment of coeliac disease prior to diagnosis and during the assessment diet adherence. Further studies could determine if early identification of gluten exposure reduces the need for expensive/invasive investigations for non-responsive coeliac disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT02711397.