gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Code Division Multiple Access in Centimeter Accuracy Harmonic RFID Locating System (2017)

In conventional passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocols are designed to counter inter-tag collision and multi-path interference for digital ID retrieval. However, high-accuracy (centimeter-level and below) localization to track multiple tags simultaneously still awaits a feasible solution. Overlap on the same carrier frequency of the downlink (from the reader to tags) and uplink (from tags to the reader) leads to severe self-jamming and reader collision, which makes tag localization especially difficult. The present narrow bandwidth also limits the localization accuracy and reliability. Starting from the polling process and synchronization by TDMA, we propose the code division multiple access within the broadband harmonic backscatter RFID system to enable the simultaneous real-time (15 Hz) tag localization with centimeter accuracy and millimeter deviation. We investigate the impacts of the number of tags with respect to the sampling rate, tag power consumption, and locating errors originated from the inter-tag collision, and then present an experimental prototype for verification.
Optical pH Sensor with Rapid Response Based on a Fluorescein‐Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide (2010)

Abstract The preparation of a highly oriented photoluminescent film of fluorescein (FLU) and 1‐heptanesulfonic acid sodium (HES) co‐intercalated in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) matrix by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is reported, and its application as an optical pH sensor is demonstrated. The FLU‐HES/LDH films with thickness ranging from nanometer to micrometer on indium tin oxide substrates exhibite good c ‐orientation of LDH platelets (the ab ‐plane of the LDH platelets parallel to the substrate), as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Polarized luminescence of the film is observed with anisotropy value r = 0.29, resulting from the highly oriented FLU in the LDH gallery. Furthermore, the optical pH sensor with film thickness of 300 nm exhibits a broad linear dynamic range for solution pH (5.02–8.54), good repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 1.5% in 20 consecutive cycles) and reversibility (RSD less than 1.5% in 20 cycles), high photostability and storage stability (ca. 95.2% of its initial fluorescence intensity remains after one month) as well as fast response time (2 s). Therefore, this work creates new opportunities for the preparation and application of LDH‐based chromophores in the field of optical sensors.
Pure nucleoside enantiomers of beta-2',3'-dideoxycytidine analogs are selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus in vitro (1994)

(-)-beta-L-2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (beta-L-DDC), (+)-beta-D-2',3'-dideoxycytidine (beta-D-DDC), (-)-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (beta-L-FDDC), (-)-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine (beta-L-FTC), and (+)-beta-D-1,3-dioxolane-5-fluorocytidine (beta-D-FDOC) were evaluated for their anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activities in HBV-transfected human liver cells (2.2.15). The order of decreasing potency for the compounds at the 90% effect level was beta-D-FDOC > beta-L-FTC > beta-L-FDDC approximately beta-L-DDC >> beta-D-DDC. Inhibition of HBV in transfected liver cells by the cytosine nucleosides was selective. The beta-L-nucleoside-5'-triphosphates were consistently more potent inhibitors of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA polymerase than the corresponding natural beta-D-enantiomers.
Imaging of the Iridocorneal Angle with the RTVue Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2012)

The RTVue SDOCT allowed visualization of SL, TM, and SS. However, these landmarks were not detected in a large percentage of images.
Projection Reconstruction Magnetic Particle Imaging (2012)

We acquire the first experimental 3-D tomographic images with magnetic particle imaging (MPI) using projection reconstruction methodology, which is similar to algorithms employed in X-ray computed tomography. The primary advantage of projection reconstruction methods is an order of magnitude increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to averaging. We first derive the point spread function, resolution, number of projections required, and the SNR gain in projection reconstruction MPI. We then design and construct the first scanner capable of gathering the necessary data for nonaliased projection reconstruction and experimentally verify our mathematical predictions. We demonstrate that filtered backprojection in MPI is experimentally feasible and illustrate the SNR and resolution improvements with projection reconstruction. Finally, we show that MPI is capable of producing three dimensional imaging volumes in both phantoms and postmortem mice.
Novel remote gas monitoring and imaging in the IR spectral region (2003)

Real-time gas imaging is of great interest in many contexts. Inspection of leaks from chemical installations, petrochemical plants, tank farms or pipelines has economical, environmental and security aspects. Easily deployable surveillance techniques for assessing sites of accidents involving gas tankers or trains are desirable for public safety considerations. In the indoor working environment, gas flow monitoring around room ventilation ports, extraction hoods, etc., is useful for optimizing the construction and adjustment of installations. Emissions of geophysical origin (volcanoes, geothermal installations or mines) as well as natural emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture, swamps, etc., are also interesting to assess. Useful spectroscopic absorption features of the molecules of interest occur in the visible or infrared spectral regions. The vibrational-rotational fundamental bands in the IR region are particularly suitable for sensitive detection. Two new developments in IR gas monitoring and imaging are reported in the present paper. The first is a passive technique employing the natural thermal background radiation in a gas correlation scheme. The second one is an active technique where a multi-wavelength dial scheme employing an OPO transmitter is developed for simultaneous measurements of different hydrocarbons and interferents.
Separation of CO<sub>2</sub> from Light Gas Mixtures using Ion-Exchanged Silicoaluminophosphate Nanoporous Sorbents (2008)

Na+-SAPO-34 sorbents were ion-exchanged with several individual metal cations to study their effect on the adsorption of similar size light gases. Measurements of pure component adsorption equilibria, with emphasis on CO2, were performed at different temperatures (273−348 K) and pressures (<1 atm). Adsorption isotherms for CO2 in Mn+-SAPO-34 materials displayed a nonlinear behavior and did not follow the typical pore-filling mechanism. In general, the overall adsorption performance of the exchanged materials increased as follows: Ce3+ < Ti3+ < Mg2+ < Ca2+ < Ag+ < Na+ < Sr2+. The strontium exchanged materials excelled at low-pressure ranges, exhibiting very sharp isotherm slopes at all temperatures. For example, the Sr2+-SAPO-34 sorbents were capable of removing as much as 2.8 wt % at a CO2 partial pressure of 10−3 atm and room temperature. Isosteric heat of adsorption data confirmed that the Sr2+ species were responsible for the surface strong interaction, and therefore it is plausible to state that cations were occupying exposed sites (SII′) in the material Chabazite cages. In addition, all divalent cations were found to interact more with the sorbate when compared to the other charged species. Adsorption isotherms for trivalent exchanged cations (Ce3+, Ti3+), on the other hand, showed what appears to be partial blockage of pore windows (occupancy of SIII), resulting in very low adsorption capacities. The surface interactions were analyzed according to electrostatic and nonspecific contributions. Due to strong ion−quadrupole interactions, all the sorbent materials exhibited higher affinity for CO2 over the other gases tested (i.e., CH4, H2, N2, and O2). Mathematical modeling to estimate binary component adsorption performance during vacuum pressure adsorption (VPSA) corroborated that Sr2+-SAPO-34 sorbents are by far the best option for CO2 removal from CH4 mixtures, especially at low concentrations.
PREPARATION OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN MONOMER FOR CONJUGATION EXPERIMENTS BY USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY MEDIA (2013)

The presence of some sugar contaminants and high molecular mass (HMW) derivatives detected in commercially available bovine serum albumin (BSA) preparations precluded the use of such reagents for basic molecular biology experiments. In this study the effectiveness of three separation methods of monomeric BSA from contaminants were examined: gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, HW-55S resin, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Only chromatography on HW-55S allowed obtaining protein lacking HMW derivates and freeing of sugar contaminants, which was confirmed in SDS/PAGE and phenol/sulfuric acid analysis, respectively. Moreover, the determination of protein particle size by dynamic light scattering (DLS) at a level of 7 nm was in accordance with data for BSA monomeric molecules previously reported. Finally, the monomer BSA was subjected to modification with natural core oligosaccharide derived from Shigella lipopolysaccharide. The SDS/PAGE analysis of reaction products demonstrated different amounts of glycoconjugates compared to values obtained for commercial BSA. Only the pure protein modification permitted correct appraisal of obtained products. We propose gel filtration chromatography on HW-55S resin as simple and effective method of monomer BSA separation from commercial reagent before basic and applied research.
Cryogenic spray cooling of human skin: utilization in laser treatment of hypervascular cutaneous malformations (2003)

Presents measurements of port wine stain skin radiometric surface temperature in response to laser irradiation in conjunction with cryogenic spray cooling, internal temperature reductions obtained within an epoxy-resin skin phantom, and temperature predictions within human skin.
A Framework for Recommending Accurate and Diverse Items Using Bayesian Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (2020)

Personalized recommender systems are playing an increasingly important role for online consumption platforms. Because of the multitude of relationships existing in recommender systems, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) based approaches have been proposed to better characterize the various relationships between a user and items while modeling a user's preferences. Previous graph-based recommendation approaches process the observed user-item interaction graph as a ground-truth depiction of the relationships between users and items. However, especially in the implicit recommendation setting, all the unobserved user-item interactions are usually assumed to be negative samples. There are missing links that represent a user's future actions. In addition, there may be spurious or misleading positive interactions. To alleviate the above issue, in this work, we take a first step to introduce a principled way to model the uncertainty in the user-item interaction graph using the Bayesian Graph Convolutional Neural Network framework. We discuss how inference can be performed under our framework and provide a concrete formulation using the Bayesian Probabilistic Ranking training loss. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework on four benchmark recommendation datasets. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art graph-based recommendation models. Furthermore, we conducted an offline evaluation on one industrial large-scale dataset. It shows that our proposed method outperforms the baselines, with the potential gain being more significant for cold-start users. This illustrates the potential practical benefit in real-world recommender systems.
Transient regime of Kerr-frequency-comb formation (2012)

Temporal growth of an optical Kerr frequency comb generated in a nonlinear microresonator is studied experimentally. We show that the comb emerges on time scales significantly exceeding the ring-down time of the resonator modes and measure the time delay. Experimental data are explained via numerical simulations.
Identification of the protein receptor binding site of botulinum neurotoxins B and G proves the double-receptor concept (2006)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause muscle paralysis by selectively cleaving core components of the vesicular fusion machinery within motoneurons. Complex gangliosides initially bind into a pocket that is conserved among the seven BoNTs and tetanus neurotoxin. Productive neurotoxin uptake also requires protein receptors. The interaction site of the protein receptor within the neurotoxin is currently unknown. We report the identification and characterization of the protein receptor binding site of BoNT/B and BoNT/G. Their protein receptors, synaptotagmins I and II, bind to a pocket at the tip of their H(CC) (C-terminal domain of the C-terminal fragment of the heavy chain) that corresponds to the unique second carbohydrate binding site of tetanus neurotoxin, the sialic acid binding site. Substitution of amino acids in this region impaired binding to synaptotagmins and drastically decreased toxicity at mouse phrenic nerve preparations; CD-spectroscopic analyses evidenced that the secondary structure of the mutated neurotoxins was unaltered. Deactivation of the synaptotagmin binding site by single mutations led to virtually inactive BoNT/B and BoNT/G when assayed at phrenic nerve preparations of complex-ganglioside-deficient mice. Analogously, a BoNT B mutant with deactivated ganglioside and synaptotagmin binding sites lacked appreciable activity at wild-type mouse phrenic nerve preparations. Thus, these data exclude relevant contributions of any cell surface molecule other than one ganglioside and one protein receptor to the entry process of BoNTs, which substantiates the double-receptor concept. The molecular characterization of the synaptotagmin binding site provides the basis for designing a novel class of potent binding inhibitors.
Liquid crystals for terahertz technology (2012)

New terahertz (THz) optical devices which can control the optical properties of THz waves are needed to broaden the application area of THz technology. Liquid crystals (LCs) are very attractive materials for developing such devices because they have outstanding properties such as sensitivity to applied electric fields, chemical stability, relatively large birefringence and moderate absorption in the THz range. LCs need to be optimized to have a large birefringence and small absorption in the THz range. In this paper, we have investigated optical properties of a set of LCs in the THz range: E7, BL037, and RDP-97304. Optical parameters for the ordinary and extraordinary axis of LCs were acquired using THz time-domain spectroscopy and THz air-biased coherent detection system. We found that RDP-97304 has the largest birefringence and smallest absorption compared to E7 and BL037 in the THz range. It is thus a good candidate to design fast and efficient THz optical devices.
Cutoff rate optimal binary inputs with imperfect CSI (2006)

We use the cutoff rate to study the optimal binary input distributions for the Rayleigh flat-fading channel with imperfect receiver channel state information (CSI). First, we evaluate the cutoff rate and analyze the optimal binary input as a function of the CSI quality and receiver SNR. Next, we study the limiting distributions - BPSK and on-off keying (OOK) - and derive an analytic design rule that allows adaptive switching between these two as the receiver CSI changes. We establish the virtues of a modulation scheme that employs only these limiting distributions, rather than the full spectrum of binary inputs. Finally, we use our results to design an adaptive modulation scheme for pilot symbol assisted modulation systems. We show that switching between just BPSK and equiprobable-OOK is nearly optimal for moderate to large SNR, and that switching between BPSK and generalized-OOK is nearly optimal for all SNR
Engaging Cervical Spinal Cord Networks to Reenable Volitional Control of Hand Function in Tetraplegic Patients (2016)

The present data are sufficient to suggest that hand motor function in individuals with chronic tetraplegia can be improved with cervical cord neuromodulation and thus should be comprehensively explored as a possible clinical intervention.
Method of selecting ultrasonic transducers for use in ultrasonic inspection apparatus (1995)

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The Influence of Isomer Purity on Trap States and Performance of Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2016)

Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance is dictated by its composition and geometry, as well as the quality of the organic semiconductor (OSC) film, which strongly depends on purity and microstructure. When present, impurities and defects give rise to trap states in the bandgap of the OSC, lowering device performance. Here, 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)-anthradithiophene is used as a model system to study the mechanism responsible for performance degradation in OFETs due to isomer coexistence. The density of trapping states is evaluated through temperature dependent current-voltage measurements, and it is discovered that OFETs containing a mixture of <i>syn</i>- and <i>anti</i>-isomers exhibit a discrete trapping state detected as a peak located at ~ 0.4 eV above the valence-band edge, which is absent in the samples fabricated on single-isomer films. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations do not point to a significant difference in electronic band structure between individual isomers. Instead, it is proposed that the dipole moment of the <i>syn</i>-isomer present in the host crystal of the <i>anti</i>-isomer locally polarizes the neighboring molecules, inducing energetic disorder. The isomers can be separated by applying gentle mechanical vibrations during film crystallization, as confirmed by the suppression of the peak and improvement in device performance.
Characterization of large cadmium zinc telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method (2008)

The focus of this paper is to evaluate thick, 20×20×10 and 10×10×10mm3, cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), Cd0.9Zn0.1Te, crystals grown using the traveling heater method (THM). The phenomenal spectral performance and small size and low concentration of Te inclusions/precipitates of these crystals indicate that the THM is suitable for the mass production of CZT radiation detectors that can be used in a variety of applications. Our result also proves that with careful material selection using IR and high-quality fabrication processes, the theoretical energy resolution limit can be achieved.
Treatment of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection using SQ641, a capuramycin analogue, increases post-treatment survival and improves clinical measures of disease in a murine model (2016)

SQ641 is effective for CDI treatment with prevention of relapse in the murine model of CDI.
CHCA-modified Au nanoparticles for laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric analysis of peptides (2009)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been studied as a potential solid-state matrix for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) but the efficiency in ionization remains low. In this report, AuNPs are capped by a self-assembled monolayer of cysteamine and modified with alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) for effective MALDI measurements. CHCA-terminated AuNPs offer marked improvement on peptide ionization compared with citrate-capped or cysteamine-capped AuNPs. The coating also effectively suppresses formation of Au cluster ions and analyte fragment ions, leading to cleaner mass spectra. Addition of glycerol and citric acid to the peptide/AuNPs sample further improves the performance of these AuNPs for LDI-MS analysis. Glycerol appears to enhance the dispersion of AuNPs in sample spots, increasing the sample ionization and shot-to-shot reproducibility, while citric acid serves as an external proton donor, providing high production of protonated analyte ions and reducing fragmentation of peptides on the nanoparticle-based surface. Optimal ratios of citric acid, glycerol, and AuNPs in sample solution have been systematically studied. A more than 10-fold increase for desorption ionization of peptides can be achieved by combining 5% glycerol and 20 mM citric acid with the CHCA-terminated AuNPs. The applicability of the CHCA-AuNPs for LDI-MS analysis of protein digests has also been demonstrated. This work shows the potential of AuNPs for SALDI-MS analysis, and the improvement with chemical functionalization, controlled dispersion, and use of an effective proton donor.
Design of inhomogeneous pentamode metamaterials for minimization of scattering (2011)

Acoustic metamaterials use sub-wavelength, anisotropic, and inhomogeneous microstructures. Macroscopic properties can be related to the microstructure using homogenization theory Hassani and Hinton [Comput. Struct. 69, 719–738 (1998), which allows an analyst to confirm the extent to which a candidate metamaterial microstructure meets the requirements for a pentamode cloaking material. Norris [Proc. R. Soc. Ser. A, 464, 2411–2434 (2008)] presented a theory of transformation acoustics that enables the realization of inhomogeneous pentamode acoustic materials having anisotropic elastic tensors, isotropic density and finite mass. This theory describes the spatially varying material properties in terms of a mapping, which for separable geometries may be generated using a scalar function. This function, the constraints on its behavior implicit in the Norris theory, and the material equations constitute the defining relations for pentamode transformation acoustics. Previously, analytic work in transformation acoustics developed the material properties after having fixed a transformation. By reversing the process, we create a number of new families of pentamode cloaking materials. We validate the concept with three-dimensional explicit transient finite element simulations.
miRNA profiling in renal carcinoma suggest the existence of a group of pro-angionenic tumors in localized clear cell renal carcinoma (2020)

Renal cell carcinoma comprises a variety of entities, the most common being the clear-cell, papillary and chromophobe subtypes. These subtypes are related to different clinical evolution; however, most therapies have been developed for clear-cell carcinoma and there is not a specific treatment based on different subtypes. In this study, one hundred and sixty-four paraffin samples from primary nephrectomies for localized tumors were analyzed. MiRNAs were isolated and measured by microRNA arrays. Significance Analysis of Microarrays and Consensus Cluster algorithm were used to characterize different renal subtypes. The analyses showed that chromophobe renal tumors are a homogeneous group characterized by an overexpression of miR 1229, miR 10a, miR 182, miR 1208, miR 222, miR 221, miR 891b, miR 629-5p and miR 221-5p. On the other hand, clear cell renal carcinomas presented two different groups inside this histological subtype, with differences in miRNAs that regulate focal adhesion, transcription, apoptosis and angiogenesis processes. Specifically, one of the defined groups had an overexpression of proangiogenic microRNAs miR185, miR126 and miR130a. In conclusion, differences in miRNA expression profiles between histological renal subtypes were established. In addition, clear cell renal carcinomas had different expression of proangiogenic miRNAs. With the emergence of antiangiogenic drugs, these differences could be used as therapeutic targets in the future or as a selection method for tailoring personalized treatments.
Effect of Production Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Extra-low-carbon Steel Sheet for Tin Mill Black Plate. (1994)

The effect of adding Nb on the Lankford value (r-value) and of the continuous annealing conditions on hardness has been investigated for extra-low-carbon steel sheet used as tin mill black plate (TMBP).