gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors & CNS Disorders (2008)

Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are complex disease states that represent a major challenge for modern medicine. Although aetilogy is often unknown, it is established that multiple factors such as defects in genetics and/or epigenetics, the environment as well as imbalance in neurotransmitter receptor systems are all at play in determining an individual's susceptibility to disease. Gene therapy is currently not available and therefore, most conditions are treated with pharmacological agents that modify neurotransmitter receptor signaling. Here, I provide a review of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and the roles they fulfill in numerous CNS disorders. Specifically, I argue that our understanding of iGluRs has reached a critical turning point to permit, for the first time, a comprehensive re-evaluation of their role in the cause of disease. I illustrate this by highlighting how defects in AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking are important to fragile X mental retardation and ectopic expression of kainate receptor (KAR) synapses contributes to the pathology of temporal lobe epilepsy. Finally, I discuss how parallel advances in studies of other neurotransmitter systems may allow pharmacologists to work towards a cure for many CNS disorders rather than developing drugs to treat their symptoms.
Expression of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) in breast cancer. (2000)

Our results suggest that MRP1 might be an important factor in breast cancer indicating excellent prognosis for patients with MRP1-negative carcinomas.
Synthesis and Characterization of Near-Infrared Emissive BODIPY-Based Conjugated Polymers (2012)

Three novel BODIPY-based conjugated polymers could be synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. Compared with BODIPY model derivatives, the polymers can emit in the range from deep-red to near-infrared region with emission spectral maxima at λ = 640-660 nm and exhibit moderate fluorescent quantum yield from 0.23 to 0.26. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed on three polymers repeat units, and HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the conjugated polymers are estimated.
System-level applications of model-based diagnostic reasoning (2003)

Progress in developing adequate diagnostic capabilities for future computing and communications systems has been hampered by the lack of an adequate technological basis. Over the past decade, researchers within the artificial intelligence community have developed model-based diagnostic reasoning techniques. These techniques have the potential to provide comprehensive diagnostic coverage and to automate the design analysis process. MITRE is developing a prototype of the Generic Model-based Diagnostic System (GMODS) that is able to use VHDL models of circuit structure and behavior to diagnose single and multiple points of failure within digital sequential circuits. We provide an overview of GMODS and discuss the remaining research issues that need to be addressed before model-based reasoning systems such as GMODS will be of general utility to the R&M community. We also explore three potential system-level application areas-design analysis, depot-level diagnostics, and embedded diagnostics. We conclude that design analysis and depot-level diagnostics represent the most promising applications during the next few years.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochemical Doping of Protonic Transistors from a Cephalopod Protein (2016)

The field of bioelectronics has the potential to revolutionize both fundamental biology and personalized medicine. As such, much research effort has been devoted to the development of devices and materials that are intrinsically compatible with biological systems. Within this context, several recent studies have focused on protonic transistors from naturally occurring materials, such as squid-derived polysaccharides and proteins. Herein, we report the rational design, fabrication, and characterization of two- and three-terminal protonic devices, for which the active material consists of a protein-based proton conductor doped with a small molecular photoacid. We electrically interrogate these devices both in the absence and presence of illumination, demonstrating that an exogenous photophysical stimulus selectively enhances their electrical properties. Our findings hold significance for understanding and controlling proton transport not only in bioelectronic platforms but also across a wide range of voltage-regulated proton-conducting materials and device platforms.
Perovskites for Solar Thermoelectric Applications: A First Principle Study of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>AI<sub>3</sub>(A = Pb and Sn) (2014)

Hybrid organic/inorganic CH3NH3AI3 (A = Pb and Sn) perovskites have been recognized as promising photovoltaic materials. Using ab initio calculations, we showed that these systems may also be promising materials for solar thermoelectric applications. We found that their large carrier mobilities mainly originate from a combination of the small effective masses of electrons and holes and a relatively weak carrier–phonon interaction. We propose that by tuning the carrier concentration to values of the order of ∼1018cm–3, the thermoelectric figure of merit of Sn and Pb based perovskites may reach values ranging from 1 to 2, which could possibly be further increased by optimizing the lattice thermal conductivity through engineering perovskite superlattices.
Foveated Depth-of-Field Filtering in Head-Mounted Displays (2018)

In recent years, a variety of methods have been introduced to exploit the decrease in visual acuity of peripheral vision, known as foveated rendering. As more and more computationally involved shading is requested and display resolutions increase, maintaining low latencies is challenging when rendering in a virtual reality context. Here, foveated rendering is a promising approach for reducing the number of shaded samples. However, besides the reduction of the visual acuity, the eye is an optical system, filtering radiance through lenses. The lenses create depth-of-field (DoF) effects when accommodated to objects at varying distances. The central idea of this article is to exploit these effects as a filtering method to conceal rendering artifacts. To showcase the potential of such filters, we present a foveated rendering system, tightly integrated with a gaze-contingent DoF filter. Besides presenting benchmarks of the DoF and rendering pipeline, we carried out a perceptual study, showing that rendering quality is rated almost on par with full rendering when using DoF in our foveated mode, while shaded samples are reduced by more than 69%.
Mechanoprotection by Polycystins against Apoptosis Is Mediated through the Opening of Stretch-Activated K2P Channels (2012)

How renal epithelial cells respond to increased pressure and the link with kidney disease states remain poorly understood. Pkd1 knockout or expression of a PC2 pathogenic mutant, mimicking the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, dramatically enhances mechanical stress-induced tubular apoptotic cell death. We show the presence of a stretch-activated K(+) channel dependent on the TREK-2 K(2P) subunit in proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells. Our findings further demonstrate that polycystins protect renal epithelial cells against apoptosis in response to mechanical stress, and this function is mediated through the opening of stretch-activated K(2P) channels. Thus, to our knowledge, we establish for the first time, both in vitro and in vivo, a functional relationship between mechanotransduction and mechanoprotection. We propose that this mechanism is at play in other important pathologies associated with apoptosis and in which pressure or flow stimulation is altered, including heart failure or atherosclerosis.
Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio: a novel marker for critical limb ischemia in PAOD patients (2014)

A decreased LMR is significantly associated with a high risk for CLI and other vascular endpoints. The LMR is an easily determinable, broadly available and inexpensive marker that could be used to identify patients at high risk for vascular endpoints.
Learning about risk: Machine learning for risk assessment (2019)

Risk assessment has a primary role in safety-critical industries. However, it faces a series of overall challenges, partially related to technology advancements and increasing needs. There is currently a call for continuous risk assessment, improvement in learning past lessons and definition of techniques to process relevant data, which are to be coupled with adequate capability to deal with unexpected events and provide the right support to enable risk management. Through this work, we suggest a risk assessment approach based on machine learning. In particular, a deep neural network (DNN) model is developed and tested for a drive-off scenario involving an Oil & Gas drilling rig. Results show reasonable accuracy for DNN predictions and general suitability to (partially) overcome risk assessment challenges. Nevertheless, intrinsic model limitations should be taken into account and appropriate model selection and customization should be carefully carried out to deliver appropriate support for safety-related decision-making.
Performance of packet scheduling methods with different degree of fairness in HSDPA (2005)

The present paper focuses on assessing the performance of the packet scheduler in HSDPA. The investigation has especially concentrated on assessing different scheduling methods with different degrees of fairness for non-delay-sensitive elastic traffic. The fairness ultimately determines the QoS perceived by the users. The results show that very unfair scheduling methods provide the highest HSDPA cell throughput for best effort NRT traffic, although, under heavy load situations, the unfairness of these policies causes the starvation of users under poor average radio propagation conditions. Under minimum user throughput guarantees, the proportional fair algorithm provides the highest cell capacity of all tested algorithms. With this scheduler, the provision of user throughput guarantees of CA, 128 and 384 kbit/s (for at least 95% of the users) incurs on a cell throughput reduction respectively of around 10, 30 and 80% relative to the maximum cell throughput for best effort traffic (i.e. no user throughput guarantees at all).
Fiscal Sustainability and Generational Burden Sharing in Denmark (2002)

Based on generational accounts and a simple welfare calculus, this paper studies two alternative scenarios of sustainable fiscal policy. A strategy of tax smoothing is found to successfully distribute the financial burden associated with population ageing across generations, but this happens at the cost of a sharp increase in public debt along the transition path. This can be avoided if a strategy of debt smoothing is followed, but this shifts the financial burden onto current generations. A comparison based on a social welfare function indicates a marginal superiority of tax smoothing.
Common and specific effects of TIE2 mutations causing venous malformations (2015)

Venous malformations (VMs) are localized defects in vascular morphogenesis frequently caused by mutations in the gene for the endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2. Here, we report the analysis of a comprehensive collection of 22 TIE2 mutations identified in patients with VM, either as single amino acid substitutions or as double-mutations on the same allele. Using endothelial cell (EC) cultures, mouse models and ultrastructural analysis of tissue biopsies from patients, we demonstrate common as well as mutation-specific cellular and molecular features, on the basis of which mutations cluster into categories that correlate with data from genetic studies. Comparisons of double-mutants with their constituent single-mutant forms identified the pathogenic contributions of individual changes, and their compound effects. We find that defective receptor trafficking and subcellular localization of different TIE2 mutant forms occur via a variety of mechanisms, resulting in attenuated response to ligand. We also demonstrate, for the first time, that TIE2 mutations cause chronic activation of the MAPK pathway resulting in loss of normal EC monolayer due to extracellular matrix (ECM) fibronectin deficiency and leading to upregulation of plasminogen/plasmin proteolytic pathway. Corresponding EC and ECM irregularities are observed in affected tissues from mouse models and patients. Importantly, an imbalance between plasminogen activators versus inhibitors would also account for high d-dimer levels, a major feature of unknown cause that distinguishes VMs from other vascular anomalies.
Second virial coefficient for real gases at high temperature (1997)

We study the second virial coefficient, $B(T)$, for simple real gases at high temperature. Theoretical arguments imply that there exists a certain temperature, $T_i$, for each gas, for which this coefficient is a maximum. However, the experimental data clearly exhibits this maximum only for the Helium gas. We argue that this is so because few experimental data are known in the region where these maxima should appear for other gases. We make different assumptions to estimate $T_i$. First, we adopt an empirical formulae for $B(T)$. Secondly, we assume that the intermolecular potential is the Lennard-Jones one and later we interpolate the known experimental data of $B(T)$ for Ar, He, Kr, H_2, N_2, O_2, Ne and Xe with simple polynomials of arbitrary powers, combined or not with exponentials. With these assumptions we estimate the values of $T_i$ for these gases and compare them.
T-bet, a T-Cell–Associated Transcription Factor, Is Expressed in a Subset of B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders (2004)

T-bet, a T-box transcription factor, is expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes committed to Th1 T-cell development and in a subset of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Recent evidence indicates that T-bet also is expressed in B lymphocytes and might participate in immunoglobulin class switching. We examined T-bet expression in 116 cases of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders by immunostaining and found that T-bet was expressed consistently in precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (14/14 cases) in contrast with precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma, which is consistently T-bet- (13 cases), as previously reported. T-bet is expressed in memory B cell-derived neoplasms (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia; 35/42 cases) but not in cases of mantle cell, follicular, and large cell lymphoma (43 cases). Expression of T-bet in precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The expression of T-bet in a significant subset of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders but not in the vast majority of reactive B cells suggests it might have a role in the oncogenesis of T-bet+ B-cell neoplasms. In addition, T-bet should serve as a useful new marker for the diagnosis and subtyping of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Quantitative analysis of topical treatments in atopic dermatitis: unexpectedly low use of emollients and strong correlation of topical corticosteroid use both with depression and concurrent asthma (2019)

Deficient use of emollients may be a factor contributing to AD severity. Our analysis showed that the use of TCS does not exceed current guidelines. Accurate quantification of topical treatments provides a widely accessible strategy to measure the real-world impact of novel AD treatments. What's already known about this topic? Both emollient and topical corticosteroid (TCS) use have been a mainstay of atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment for over 60 years. The actual quantities used by patients under real-world conditions are unknown. What does this study add? The real-world use of emollients is fourfold lower than the amount recommended in current guidelines. Underuse of emollients may be a significant factor in disease exacerbation. The use of TCS is significantly higher in male patients and is higher in patients with AD who also have asthma. The use of TCS is strongly associated with concurrent antidepressant treatment.
Three cases of paraphilias responsive to fluoxetine treatment. (1991)

Three cases are presented in which fluoxetine was employed in the apparently successful treatment of paraphilia, a disorder which has been difficult to treat pharmacologically. Therapeutic benefit may have been related to the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorders or to direct effects on sexual activity, or both.
Perspectives on quantum transduction (2020)

Abstract Quantum transduction, the process of converting quantum signals from one form of energy to another, is an important area of quantum science and technology. The present perspective article reviews quantum transduction between microwave and optical photons, an area that has recently seen a lot of activity and progress because of its relevance for connecting superconducting quantum processors over long distances, among other applications. Our review covers the leading approaches to achieving such transduction, with an emphasis on those based on atomic ensembles, opto-electro-mechanics, and electro-optics. We briefly discuss relevant metrics from the point of view of different applications, as well as challenges for the future.
Cuerpo, sexo y reproducción. La noción de autonomía de las mujeres puesta en cuestión: el aborto y otras situaciones sensibles (2013)

En salud sexual y reproductiva los temas relativos a la autonomía son cruciales, personales y a veces muy problemáticos. Nuestro interés es indagar sobre distintas concepciones acerca del “ser una paciente”, en tanto pone en juego cuestiones políticas y sociales de primer orden, por ejemplo las que tienen que ver con las formas de la autonomía y las relaciones sociales de subordinación. Y cuestiones que tienen que ver con la construcción social del cuerpo, la individuación y la ciudadanía. Aquí exploramos empírica y conceptualmente algunos tipos ideales de paciente, en función de su autonomía como individuo capaz de juicio y acción, y como sujeto de derechos y responsabilidades. El análisis de diversas situaciones – algunas límite (como el caso del aborto) – nos permiten problematizar qué se entiende por “sujetos/personas autónomos/as” en el ámbito de la salud-enfermedad. Aquí exponemos los resultados del análisis que por un lado problematizan la noción de autonomía desligándola de la matriz liberal y poniéndola en relación con el cuerpo y las emociones en el marco de relaciones interpersonales; y por otro, permiten operacionalizar la tipología de paciente definido en función de la autonomía de la que partimos (sujeto pasivo, consumidor/usuario, e interlocutor-ciudadano).
A joint MIMO-OFDM transceiver and MAC design for mobile ad hoc networking (2006)

In this paper, we present a promising joint design of physical layer transceiver architecture and a medium access control (MAC) protocol for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ad hoc networks. The receiver design is based on a new space-time interference cancelling technique for MIMO-OFDM ad hoc networks which suppresses co-channel interference and jammers, separates out multiple data streams, and minimizes inter-carrier interference (ICI). We take a cross layer approach to design the medium access control (MAC) protocol to fully exploit the advantages of the physical layer transceiver architecture. The MAC protocol is the recently developed medium access control protocol - mitigating interference using multiple antennas MAC (MIMA-MAC). It takes the advantage of the ability of MIMO-OFDM to demodulate multiple data streams to solve a key problem of 802.11-style MACs. Joint physical and higher layer simulations confirm that our joint design experiences good performance in terms of BER and MAC throughput and fairness.
Altered functional connectivity of primary visual cortex in early blindness (2007)

In early blindness, the primary visual area (PVA) loses the ability to process visual information, and shifts to working on the processing of somatosensory input, auditory input, and some higher-level cognitive functions. It has not yet been investigated whether such functional changes can lead to alterations of the functional connectivity between the PVA and other brain areas in resting state. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in the functional connectivity of the PVA between early blind and sighted subjects using resting functional MRI data. The altered functional connectivity was identified by comparing the correlation coefficients of the PVA with other brain areas between 16 early blind subjects (blindness onset within 1 year of age) and 32 gender- and age-matched healthy sighted volunteers. Compared with the sighted, the early blind subjects showed decreased functional connectivity between the left PVA and the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), pre- and postcentral gyri, superior parietal lobule, and the left superior and middle temporal gyri. Early blind subjects also showed decreased functional connectivity between the right PVA and the bilateral SMA, pre- and postcentral gyri. Our findings suggest that early deprivation of a single sensory modality induces alterations of functional connectivity between the deprived functional area and other associated brain areas.
A comprehensive guide to the management of anaemia (2019)

A systematic approach to evaluation and investigation is key to the successful management of anaemia. This article examines the classification of anaemia, its underlying causes and clinical manifestations, and the range of treatments available.
Hyperspectral ghost imaging camera based on a flat-field grating (2018)

We propose a hyperspectral ghost imaging camera based on a flat-field grating, which can improve spectral resolution of spectral camera and provide a possibility of optimizing measurement matrix according to light fields with different wavelengths.
Split-PHY Processing Architecture to Realize Base Station Coordination and Transmission Bandwidth Reduction in Mobile Fronthaul (2015)

We propose a new RAN architecture splitting BS functions within PHY layer. It reduces mobile fronthaul transmission bandwidth by 90 % and achieves BS coordination performance with 0.5 dB SNR degradation compared to conventional C-RAN.
Patterned growth of oriented 2<scp>D</scp> covalent organic framework thin films on single‐layer graphene (2014)

ABSTRACT Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are polymer networks that organize molecular building blocks into porous, layered structures of interest for organic optoelectronic and energy storage devices. Current synthetic methods produce these materials as either insoluble, microcrystalline powders or as oriented thin films on various substrates, including single‐layer graphene (SLG). Under these conditions, COF thin films form on both the graphene‐coated and bare regions of the substrate, suggesting uncontrolled nucleation processes that occur either in solution or nonselectively on different surfaces. Here, we describe modified polymerization conditions that provide COF films selectively on SLG. This finding enables COF films to be grown on lithographically patterned SLG substrates, which provide insight into the uniformity of film growth across the substrate and factors relevant to their nucleation and growth. The ability to grow COF films selectively on lithographically patterned SLG will facilitate their integration into devices. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 378–384