gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lens Model (2016)

Firms consist of people who make decisions to achieve goals. How do these people develop the expectations which underpin the choices they make? The lens model provides one answer to this question. It was developed by cognitive psychologist (Brunswik, Egon. The conceptual framework of psychology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952) to illustrate his theory of probabilistic functionalism, and concerns the environment and the mind, and adaptation by the latter to the former. This entry is about the lens model, and probabilistic functionalism more broadly. Focus will mostly be on firms and their employees, but, to fully appreciate the scope, we have to keep in mind the fact that probabilistic functionalism extends to all purposive organisms. Probabilistic functionalism is currently experiencing growing interest among strategy scholars, and some very recent papers are highlighted in conclusion.
Clonal propagation on Eucalyptus by cuttings in France (1983)

A.FO.CEL has developed a technique for mass propagation by cuttings of Eucalyptus in France. This technique is described from the selection of the ortet to the mass propagation of the clone for afforestation: the first stage is the mobilization of the ortet, the second stage is called pre-propagation which includes rejuvenating and rooting conditioning, the third stage is mass propagation. The mass propagation is realized from successive propagations of mother trees; the number of which increases from generation to generation by including the new rooted cuttings. We give practical advices on atmosphere, treatments depending on the season which govern the success of the technique.
Meta‐learning how to forecast time series (2023)

Abstract Features of time series are useful in identifying suitable models for forecasting. We present a general framework, labelled Feature‐based FORecast Model Selection (FFORMS), which selects forecast models based on features calculated from each time series. The FFORMS framework builds a mapping that relates the features of a time series to the “best” forecast model using a classification algorithm such as a random forest. The framework is evaluated using time series from the M‐forecasting competitions and is shown to yield forecasts that are almost as accurate as state‐of‐the‐art methods but are much faster to compute. We use model‐agnostic machine learning interpretability methods to explore the results and to study what types of time series are best suited to each forecasting model.
Single-mode electro-optically tuned Nd:YVO_4 laser (1994)

The design and operating characteristics of a single-mode electro-optically tuned Nd-doped YVO(4) laser are described. Tuning is accomplished by means of a section of LiTaO(3) included in the 600-microm-long cavity. The laser has been tuned electronically over a range of > 10 GHz and thermally over a range of > 100 GHz without mode hopping.
Gene Expression of the Human Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Is Regulated by Sp1 and Sp3 (1999)

The human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor mediates the insulinotropic effects of the incretin hormone GLP-1. It is expressed in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Recently, we cloned the 5′-region of the GLP-1 receptor gene and found that tissue and cell specificity is lost by 5′-deletion to −574. In this region proximal to the main transcription start point three putative binding sites for Sp1 were localized. Now, in vitro binding of Sp1 was shown by deoxyribonuclease footprint analysis with DNA fragments using either recombinant Sp1 or nuclear extracts from HIT cells. To elucidate the roles of the three Sp1-binding sites, we mutated each of the sites individually as well as in different combinations. The activity of each construct was analyzed in comparison to the wild-type promoter. Mutation of two adjacent Sp1-binding sites showed a clear reduction of activity. Contrasting results were obtained after mutation of the third, more distal Sp1-binding site. Here, a clear increase (∼150%) revealed a silencing effect of this cis-regulatory element, possibly resembling a Sp3-binding site. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis revealed binding of Sp1 and Sp3, which was demonstrated by supershifts using specific antibodies. Cotransfection with Sp1 and Sp3 expression vectors in insect cells lacking endogenous Sp factors clearly demonstrated the involvement of Sp1 and Sp3. Therefore, the basal activity of the GLP-1 receptor gene is mediated by two proximal Sp1-binding sites, whereas a more distal site acts as a repressor.
<i>Drosophila</i> Chk2 is required for DNA damage‐mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (2001)

Chk2 is a major target of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR). Germline mutations in Chk2 have been identified in a subset of patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, suggesting that Chk2 is a tumor suppressor gene. To investigate the role of Chk2 in multicellular organisms, a Drosophila chk2 (Dmchk2) mutant was generated. Dmchk2 mutants are viable but show defects in maintaining genome stability and are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Interestingly, mutating Dmchk2 completely blocks DNA damage-induced apoptosis and partially blocks DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. These results indicate that Chk2 protein plays a crucial role in the DNA damage response pathway mediating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and that the ATM-Chk2 pathway is likely conserved in Drosophila.
Integrity of Glycosylation Processing of a Glycan-Depleted Trimeric HIV-1 Immunogen Targeting Key B-Cell Lineages (2018)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that target the trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein spike (Env) are tools that can guide the design of recombinant Env proteins intended to engage the predicted human germline precursors of bNAbs (gl-bNAbs). The protein components of gl-bNAb epitopes are often masked by glycans, while mature bNAbs can evolve to accommodate or bypass these shielding glycans. The design of germline-targeting Env immunogens therefore includes the targeted deletion of specific glycan sites. However, the processing of glycans on Env trimers can be influenced by the density with which they are packed together, a highly relevant point given the essential contributions under-processed glycans make to multiple bNAb epitopes. We sought to determine the impact of the removal of 15 potential N-glycan sites (5 per protomer) from the germline-targeting soluble trimer, BG505 SOSIP.v4.1-GT1, using quantitative, site-specific N-glycan mass spectrometry analysis. We find that, compared with SOSIP.664, there was little overall change in the glycan profile but only subtle increases in the extent of processing at sites immediately adjacent to where glycans had been deleted. We conclude that multiple glycans can be deleted from BG505 SOSIP trimers without perturbing the overall integrity of the glycan shield.
Problems affecting performance of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test for syphilis (1979)

Immunofluorescent staining of Treponema pallidum was studied to clarify the effect of three factors on the results of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test: (i) heat inactivation of sera at 56 degrees C for 30 min before testing, (ii) use of multicircle slides, and (iii) tungsten illumination to visualize and assess unstained treponemes on reactive as well as nonreactive smears. It was found that serum inactivation before testing was not necessary for detection of immunoglobin G antibody, but an immunoglobulin M prozone was detected in unheated serum. On multicircle slides, it was demonstrated that a false-positive reaction could be obtained in 30 s at 37 and 25 degrees C if a smear where a nonreactive serum had been placed was crossed by a strongly reactive serum from another circle. Tungsten illumination proved necessary for correct assessment of unstained treponemes on all fluorescent treponemal antibody-aborption test smears, reactive or nonreactive. The possible role of these factors in incorrect fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test results is discussed.
Comparison of Two Probes for Testing Susceptibilities of Pathogenic Yeasts to Voriconazole, Itraconazole, and Caspofungin by Flow Cytometry (2005)

A cytometric approach to determine the susceptibilities of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans to voriconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin is described. A total of 63 clinical isolates with different susceptibility patterns were exposed for 1, 2, 4, and 6 h to serial concentrations of each antifungal agent, followed by staining with two fluorescent probes: propidium iodide (PI) and FUN-1. FUN-1 was able to identify the susceptibility patterns of the assayed strains to the three agents after 1 h. PI penetrated a maximum of 50% of the cells treated with PI, at the highest concentration of caspofungin, 16 mug/ml, after 6 h of incubation (this percentage varied with the strain and was drug concentration and time of incubation dependent) and did not stain cells treated with high concentrations of either azole after 6 h. The use of FUN-1 appears to be an excellent fast and reliable alternative to the classical dilution method for determining the susceptibility of Candida spp. and C. neoformans to these three antifungal agents.
RNA-sequence analysis of human B-cells (2011)

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) allows quantitative measurement of expression levels of genes and their transcripts. In this study, we sequenced complementary DNA fragments of cultured human B-cells and obtained 879 million 50-bp reads comprising 44 Gb of sequence. The results allowed us to study the gene expression profile of B-cells and to determine experimental parameters for sequencing-based expression studies. We identified 20,766 genes and 67,453 of their alternatively spliced transcripts. More than 90% of the genes with multiple exons are alternatively spliced; for most genes, one isoform is predominantly expressed. We found that while chromosomes differ in gene density, the percentage of transcribed genes in each chromosome is less variable. In addition, genes involved in related biological processes are expressed at more similar levels than genes with different functions. Besides characterizing gene expression, we also used the data to investigate the effect of sequencing depth on gene expression measurements. While 100 million reads are sufficient to detect most expressed genes and transcripts, about 500 million reads are needed to measure accurately their expression levels. We provide examples in which deep sequencing is needed to determine the relative abundance of genes and their isoforms. With data from 20 individuals and about 40 million sequence reads per sample, we uncovered only 21 alternatively spliced, multi-exon genes that are not in databases; this result suggests that at this sequence coverage, we can detect most of the known genes. Results from this project are available on the UCSC Genome Browser to allow readers to study the expression and structure of genes in human B-cells.
Stimulation of Chitin Synthesis Rescues Candida albicans from Echinocandins (2008)

Echinocandins are a new generation of novel antifungal agent that inhibit cell wall beta(1,3)-glucan synthesis and are normally cidal for the human pathogen Candida albicans. Treatment of C. albicans with low levels of echinocandins stimulated chitin synthase (CHS) gene expression, increased Chs activity, elevated chitin content and reduced efficacy of these drugs. Elevation of chitin synthesis was mediated via the PKC, HOG, and Ca(2+)-calcineurin signalling pathways. Stimulation of Chs2p and Chs8p by activators of these pathways enabled cells to survive otherwise lethal concentrations of echinocandins, even in the absence of Chs3p and the normally essential Chs1p, which synthesize the chitinous septal ring and primary septum of the fungus. Under such conditions, a novel proximally offset septum was synthesized that restored the capacity for cell division, sustained the viability of the cell, and abrogated morphological and growth defects associated with echinocandin treatment and the chs mutations. These findings anticipate potential resistance mechanisms to echinocandins. However, echinocandins and chitin synthase inhibitors synergized strongly, highlighting the potential for combination therapies with greatly enhanced cidal activity.
Identifying users with application-specific command streams (2014)

This paper proposes and describes an active authentication model based on user profiles built from user-issued commands when interacting with GUI-based application. Previous behavioral models derived from user issued commands were limited to analyzing the user's interaction with the *Nix (Linux or Unix) command shell program. Human-computer interaction (HCI) research has explored the idea of building users profiles based on their behavioral patterns when interacting with such graphical interfaces. It did so by analyzing the user's keystroke and/or mouse dynamics. However, none had explored the idea of creating profiles by capturing users' usage characteristics when interacting with a specific application beyond how a user strikes the keyboard or moves the mouse across the screen. We obtain and utilize a dataset of user command streams collected from working with Microsoft (MS) Word to serve as a test bed. User profiles are first built using MS Word commands and identification takes place using machine learning algorithms. Best performance in terms of both accuracy and Area under the Curve (AUC) for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is reported using Random Forests (RF) and AdaBoost with random forests.
A performance modeling framework applied to real time infrared search and track processing (2002)

The purpose and goals of performance modeling for multiprocessor systems using a token-based methodology in VHDL are discussed. Following this motivation, a framework for performance modeling is described, which involves modeling hardware and software at different levels of abstraction; the scope of the paper primarily addresses the high profile performance model. A commercial tool supporting this modeling framework is then introduced. The discussion continues with an overview of the real time infrared search and track algorithm, and the system design problem. Preliminary results of the performance modeling efforts and validation via code profiling is summarized, and future plans are described.
Gas barrier properties of plasma-deposited coatings – Substrate effects (2023)

Plasma deposition of ultra-thin, glass-like SiOX high gas barrier coatings on conventional packaging materials such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), oriented polypropylene (OPP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) films has been investigated. In particular, the influence of the polymer film substrate on the gas barrier properties has been examined. It is obvious that the surface roughness in combination with the gas permeability of the polymer film substrate is the most important parameter to determine the level of oxygen transmission rate (OTR). The roughness of the films increases in the following order: PET<OPP<LDPE and so does the corresponding OTR after deposition of the SiOX coating. The LDPE substrate was found to be more sensitive to variations in the plasma conditions, especially the discharge power and deposition time, than were the PET and OPP. The influence of various plasma parameters, such as discharge power, HMDSO:O2 ratio, pressure, deposition time, pre-treatments, etc. has also been investigated. Careful optimization of the plasma parameters is required since improper parameter settings will lead to poor barrier performance of the SiOX coatings.
Fabrication of monodispersive FePt nanoparticle films stabilized on rigid substrates (2003)

Monodispersive FePt nanoparticle films can be stabilized firmly on rigid Si substrates using amino-functional silane, such as [3-(2-aminoethlyamino) propyl]trimethoxysilane, as a coupling layer. The Si substrate/SiO2/APTS/FePt nanoparticles heterostructure was confirmed using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The HREM result agreed well with the x-ray reflectivity measurement upon the individual layer thickness. The as-made superparamagnetic FePt nanoparticle film transformed from chemically disordered fcc structure to chemically ordered L10 phase upon annealing at 800 °C for 30 min under a vacuum of 10−8 Torr. Plan-view high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) observation indicated that under high-vacuum annealing, coalescence of the monodispersive nanoparticle film was not significant. The HRSEM result was consistent with the in-plane x-ray diffractometry measurement, in which sharpening of the diffraction peaks occurred only very slightly for the annealed films.
Noise figure and S-parameter measurement setups for on-wafer differential 60GHz circuits (2010)

On-wafer measurement setups are introduced for measuring the noise figure and s-parameters of differential 60GHz circuits. The need for expensive four-port mm-wave vector network analyzers is circumvented by using magic-Ts, providing a minimum CMRR of 20dB, in combination with cheaper two-port mm-wave network analyzers. Waveguide interfaces are used in the vicinity of the RF probes to achieve a robust and repeatable setup, as the cables at mm-wave frequencies are prone to impedance and delay variation due to movement and bending. The noise figure of a double-balanced 60GHz mixer and the noise figure and s-parameters of a differential 60GHz LNA are measured using this setup and the measurement results are in good agreement with the simulations.
Electroanalysis and Biosensors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroanalysis and BiosensorsJoseph. WangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 12, 450–453Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1993Publication History Published online5 March 2003Published inissue 15 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00060a615https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a615research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular regulation of peripheral B cells and their progeny in immunity (2019)

Mature B lymphocytes are crucial components of adaptive immunity, a system essential for the evolutionary fitness of mammals. Adaptive lymphocyte function requires an initially naïve cell to proliferate extensively and its progeny to have the capacity to assume a variety of fates. These include either terminal differentiation (the long-lived plasma cell) or metastable transcriptional reprogramming (germinal center and memory B cells). In this review, we focus principally on the regulation of differentiation and functional diversification of the "B2" subset. An overview is combined with an account of more recent advances, including initial work on mechanisms that eliminate DNA methylation and potential links between intracellular metabolites and chromatin editing.
Design for tolerance of electro-mechanical assemblies (2002)

Tolerancing decisions during the design of electromechanical products profoundly affect cost and quality. Existing approaches to tolerance analysis and synthesis entail detailed knowledge of geometry of the assemblies and are mostly applicable during advanced stages of design, leading to a less than optimal design process. During design, both the assembly structure and associated tolerance information evolve continuously and significant gains can be achieved by effectively using this information to influence the design. We explore two goals of research to expand the scope of tolerancing to the entire design process. The first goal is to advance tolerancing decisions to the earliest possible stages of design. This issue raises the need for effective representation of tolerancing information during early stages. The second goal addresses the appropriate use of industry best practices and efficient computational approaches. Pursuit of these goals leads to the definition of a multilevel approach that enables tolerancing to be addressed at successive stages of design in an incremental, continuous ongoing fashion. The resulting design process, which we call the design-for-tolerance process, integrates three important domains: (1) design activities at successive stages of design; (2) assembly models that evolve continuously through the design process; and (3) methods and best practices for tolerance analysis and synthesis. We demonstrate major steps of our proposed approach through a simple, yet illustrative, example.
Bile Acid Malabsorption in Chronic Diarrhea: Pathophysiology and Treatment (2013)

BAM is a common cause of chronic diarrhea presenting in gastroenterology practice. In accordance with current guidelines, an empirical trial of a bile acid sequestering agent is warranted as part of the clinical workup to rule out BAM.
Acute Cholangitis Caused by Rhizobium Radiobacter (2013)

Rhizobium radiobacter infrequently causes human infections. Most of reported cases developed in immunocompromised patients with indwelling foreign devices. Herein, we documented the first case of biliary tract infection caused by R. radiobacter in a patient with gall bladder cancer with obstructive jaundice received percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage. By this demonstration, we expand the disease spectrum of infection caused by R. radiobacter.
Dramatic increases in blood glutamate concentrations are closely related to traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury (2017)

Traumatic brain injury-induced acute lung injury (TBI-ALI) is a serious complication after brain injury for which predictive factors are lacking. In this study, we found significantly elevated blood glutamate concentrations in patients with TBI or multiple peripheral trauma (MPT), and patients with more severe injuries showed higher blood glutamate concentrations and longer durations of elevated levels. Although the increase in amplitude was similar between the two groups, the duration was longer in the patients with TBI. There were no significant differences in blood glutamate concentrations in the patients with MPT with regard to ALI status, but the blood glutamate levels were significantly higher in the patients with TBI-ALI than in those without ALI. Moreover, compared to patients without ALI, patients with TBI showed a clearly enhanced inflammatory response that was closely correlated with the blood glutamate levels. The blood glutamate concentration was also found to be a risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 2.229; 95% CI, 1.082-2.634) and was a better predictor of TBI-ALI than the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. These results indicated that dramatically increased blood glutamate concentrations were closely related to the occurrence of TBI-ALI and could be used as a predictive marker for "at-risk" patients.