gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construcción de mutantes de Vibrio cholerae auxótrofos a lisina con propósitos vacunales (2006)

Cólera, la enfermedad diarreica aguda causada por Vibrio cholerae O1 y O139 continúa produciendo brotes endémicos y epidémicos en muchas partes del mundo, principalmente, en países pobres. Las investigaciones más promisorias hasta el momento para obtener una vacuna eficaz contra esta enfermedad se han centrado en la obtención de cepas de V. cholerae vivas atenuadas para ser usadas como vacunas orales. El comportamiento de estas cepas genéticamente modificadas en el ambiente al ser liberadas durante campañas de vacunación, es impredecible. Se sabe que potencialmente pueden adquirir genes de virulencia mediante el mecanismo de transferencia genética horizontal con otros microorganismos. Con el objetivo de disminuir la probabilidad de ocurrencia de este evento genético no deseado este trabajo describe la construcción de nuevos candidatos vacunales con capacidad disminuída para proliferar en el ambiente. La estrategia que se siguió fue la introducción de una mutación definida en el gen lysA en el candidato vacunal de V. cholerae 1333. Este gen codifica para la diaminopimelato descarboxilasa, enzima que cataliza el último paso de la vía biosintética de la lisina y por tanto, las cepas mutadas obtenidas son auxótrofos a lisina y poseen una capacidad disminuida para proliferar en condiciones deficientes de este aminoácido. Uno de los mutantes, 1333L2-2, se caracterizó en cuanto a su morfología, motilidad, crecimiento in vitro y colonización en el modelo de cólera del ratón lactante mostrando características similares a su cepa parental.
Properties of Nanostructured Resonant Leaky-Mode Photonic Devices (2008)

In this paper, we review the basic properties of resonant leaky mode elements implemented with periodic waveguide layers and consider their applicability in photonic devices and systems. Leaky waveguide modes can be exited when an incident light beam is coupled into the waveguide structure through an inscribed periodicity under phase-matching conditions. This results in generation of a guided-mode resonance field response in the spectrum. Device operation can be explained in terms of the photonic band structure and associated leaky-wave effects near the second stop band. Resonant devices such as bandpass/bandstop filters, polarizers, wideband reflectors, biosensors, tunable filters, and display pixels can be designed using this operational principle.
Single-Stage AC/DC Single-Inductor Multiple-Output LED Drivers (2015)

Various ac/dc LED driver topologies have been proposed to meet the challenges of achieving a compact, efficient, low-cost, and robust multistring LED lighting system. These LED drivers typically employ a two-stage topology to realize the functions of ac/dc rectification and independent current control of each LED string. The choice of having two stage conversions involves additional hardware components and a more complicated controller design process. Such two-stage topologies suffer from a higher system cost, increased power loss, and large form factor. In this paper, a single-stage ac/dc single-inductor multiple-output LED driver is proposed. It uses only one single inductor and N + 1 active power switches (N being the number of LED strings) with reduced component count and smaller form factor. The proposed driver can achieve both functions of ac/dc rectification with a high power factor and precise independent current control of each individual LED string simultaneously. A prototype of an ac/dc single-inductor triple-output LED driver is constructed for verification. Experimental results corroborate that precise and independent current regulation of each individual LED string is achievable with the proposed driver. A power factor of above 0.99 and a peak efficiency of 89% at 30-W rated output power are attainable.
Cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar demonstrator: Design and analysis of a frequency scanning antenna array (2013)

The design, modeling and measurement results of a mid-size cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar (CPPAR) antenna for weather sensing applications is presented. The beam scanning in the elevation is obtained using the frequency scanning concept while the azimuth scanning is achieved using both the commutation and the beam scanning. The maximum elevation scan angle is about 20 degrees and the frequency range is from 2.7 to 3.0 GHz. The cylindrical array consists of 96 frequency scanning vertical columns mounted on the surface of cylinder with the diameter and height of 2 meters. Each antenna column consists of 19 stacked microstrip patch elements fed by two series feed striplines terminated to matched loads. The patch elements are excited through the aperture on the ground plane. The antenna column is modeled using a full wave solution and then it is fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber. In addition, the simulation results of the full cylinder consisting of 96 antenna columns are presented.
Abstract 557: Pharmacological Inhibition of ADAM17 by a Human-Cross Reactive Antibody and Selective Inhibitor JG26 Prevents Vascular Fibrosis Induced by Angiotensin II <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2016)

In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we have shown that a metalloprotease, ADAM17, mediates EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation induced by angiotensin II (AngII). We have also shown that in mice with AngII infusion, EGFR inhibitor erlotinib prevents vessel remodeling independently from hypertension. In the present study, we hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of ADAM17 prevents AngII-induced vascular fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. A novel human-cross reactive ADAM17 inhibitory antibody, A9(B8), (10 mg/kg ip on day 1 and 7) was utilized in C57Bl/6 mice with AngII infusion (1000 ng/kg/min for 2 weeks). A novel ADAM17 inhibitor JG26 (1 μM) was utilized in cultured rat aortic VSMCs stimulated with 100 nM AngII. A9(B8) but not control IgG treatment attenuated perivascular fibrosis and vascular hypertrophy in mouse coronary arteries (assessed by Sirius Red staining) infused with AngII. A9(B8) also attenuated cardiac hypertrophy (assessed by echocardiogram and heart body weight ratio) but not hypertension in mice with AngII infusion. In VSMCs, 30 min pretreatment of JG26 inhibited AngII-induced extracellular collagen accumulation at 48 h (assessed by a Sirius Red quantification kit). JG26 also inhibited AngII-induced EGFR transactivation (2 and 10 min) and ERK activation (10 min) in VSMCs. We conclude that inhibition of ADAM17 is an effective approach to attenuate pathophysiological cardiovascular remodeling in an AngII-dependent model of hypertension. These data highlight ADAM17 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent end-organ damage associated with hypertension.
A Skin-Contact-Actuated Micropump for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2011)

In this paper, a skin-contact-actuated dispenser/micropump for transdermal drug delivery applications is presented. The micropump consists of stacked polydimethylsiloxane layers mounted on a silicon substrate and operates based on the evaporation and condensation of a low-boiling-point liquid. Therefore, there is no need for a heater and a power source, since only the thermal energy provided by skin contact is required for the actuation. A prototype device with overall dimensions of 14 mm × 14 mm × 8 mm is fabricated and characterized. For a perfluoro compound working fluid (3M FC-3284), a flow rate of 28.8 μ L/min and a maximum back pressure of 28.9 kPa is measured.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Photoredox Catalysis as a General Strategy for anti‐Markovnikov Alkene Hydrofunctionalization (2014)

Abstract Review: [25 refs.
Experiments in Active Diesel Particulate Filter Regeneration (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are a technology likely to be deployed to meet future stringent emission levels for heavy and light duty diesel powertrains in North America and Europe. This paper discusses experimental results in the active regeneration of DPFs. Attention is given to the system components, the information based on which regeneration is triggered, and the means to achieve a regeneration. The paper will report on successful regenerations under several extreme conditions.</div>
Enhanced pyroelectric effect in self-supported films of BaTiO3 with polycrystalline macrodomains (2007)

Self-supported films of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 exhibit a two orders of magnitude enhancement of the pyroelectric coefficient (≈1μC∕cm2K) with respect to the value measured for a single BaTiO3 crystal. The enhancement strongly depends on film geometry and appears only in buckled films where ferroelectric grains undergo self-organization into polycrystalline macrodomains. The authors posit that the enhancement of the pyroelectric effect is related to 90° polarization switching and is, therefore, similar in nature to an “extrinsic” piezoelectric effect.
Automatic detection of retina disease: Robustness to image quality and localization of anatomy structure (2011)

The automated detection of diabetic retinopathy and other eye diseases in images of the retina has great promise as a low-cost method for broad-based screening. Many systems in the literature which perform automated detection include a quality estimation step and physiological feature detection, including the vascular tree and the optic nerve / macula location. In this work, we study the robustness of an automated disease detection method with respect to the accuracy of the optic nerve location and the quality of the images obtained as judged by a quality estimation algorithm. The detection algorithm features microaneurysm and exudate detection followed by feature extraction on the detected population to describe the overall retina image. Labeled images of retinas ground-truthed to disease states are used to train a supervised learning algorithm to identify the disease state of the retina image and exam set. Under the restrictions of high confidence optic nerve detections and good quality imagery, the system achieves a sensitivity and specificity of 94.8% and 78.7% with area-under-curve of 95.3%. Analysis of the effect of constraining quality and the distinction between mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, normal retina images, and more severe disease states is included.
Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators: Static & Dynamic Applications (2007)

Amplified Piezoelectric Actuators offer the advantage of large deformation (up to 8%) and large strokes. Because of a prestress applied to the piezo ceramics and an efficient mechanical amplifier, they can produce large strokes both in static and dynamic conditions including resonance. For these reasons, these actuators can be used for micro positioning, structure shaping, structure active damping, vibration generation, fluid control functions or energy harvesting, in various domains such as spacecraft, aircraft, instrumentation, optics, machine tools & production equipment. This paper presents these actuators, explains their properties as regard amplification and dynamic forces, and describes some applications.
Expression of a single dopamine transporter cDNA can confer two cocaine binding sites (1992)

Radiolabeled cocaine analogs can bind to low and high affinity sites on striatal dopamine transporters (DAT). Recently, a cDNA encoding a rat brain dopamine transporter pDAT1 has been cloned. COS cells transfected with the pDAT1 in a eukaryotic expression vector express both a high (KD = 3.4 nM) and low affinity (KD = 163.6 nM) cocaine binding sites, suggesting that both sites are provided by a single gene product.
Adsorption of Vapor Phase Mercury on Various Carbons (2004)

Unburned carbon was found to be a component of fly ash resulting from incomplete combustion in a pulverized-coal based power plant. Previous investigations found that unburned carbon separated from fly ash exhibited good mercury adsorption property. It would offer an opportunity to substitute activated carbon with low cost unburned carbon for mercury adsorption from power plant emission gases. This study provides a comparison of mercury adsorption by carbon from various sources, including activated carbon and unburned carbon from two different power plants. The experiments were conducted under various temperatures and mercury concentrations to determine whether good mercury adsorption properties can be obtained from various carbon sources. This study revealed that mercury adsorption depended on the carbon sources and conditions. Activated carbon (F400) demonstrated the best mercury absorbability among the three tested carbons, followed by AEP unburned carbon. Pepco unburned carbon showed very little mercury absorbability. Increasing the temperature generally resulted in the decrease of mercury adsorption. Adsorption rate could be effectively increased with increasing gaseous Hg concentration. Desorption treatment before adsorption test could improve unburned carbon's adsorption capacity, especially for Pepco carbon.
A Mitochondrial-Targeted Two-Photon Probe for Zinc Ion (2011)

We report a two-photon probe (SZn-Mito) for mitochondrial zinc ions ([Zn2+]m). This probe shows a 7-fold enhancement of two-photon-excited fluorescence in response to Zn2+ with a dissociation constant (Kd(TP)) of 3.1 ± 0.1 nM and pH insensitivity in the biologically relevant range, allowing the detection of [Zn2+]m in a rat hippocampal slice at a depth of 100−200 μm without interference from other metal ions through the use of two-photon microscopy.
Protein Crystallization in Restricted Geometry: Advancing Old Ideas for Modern Times in Structural Proteomics (2008)

In the structural genomics period traditional methods for protein crystallization have been eclipsed by automation using batch or vapor diffusion equilibration to find conditions conducive for protein crystal growth. Although many globular and soluble proteins predominantly from prokaryotes have been crystallized and their structures solved by high throughput approaches, the remaining difficult proteins require more systematic and reflective methods combining miniaturization and integration of modern and traditional crystallography techniques. One of these conventional methods is growing crystals in restricted geometry, which is a historically well-known concept and a practical technique under-used by today's crystallographers. This chapter presents practical guidelines to use capillaries for microbatch crystallization screening and counter-diffusion crystallization as valuable techniques to obtain protein crystals in confined volumes. The emphasis in the authors' application is to perform broad-based screening with a microgram amount of protein, optimize crystal growth in a supersaturation gradient, and undergo in situ x-ray data analysis for x-ray crystallography without invasive manipulation. Applications and concepts presented here bring to light future prerequisites for the next generation of automation for structural genomics.
Processing and Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced by Functionalized SWNTs (2005)

Carbon nanotube is seen to be an excellent reinforcement candidate to produce multifunctional composites with improved mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Strong interfacial bonding and homogenous dispersion are necessary conditions to obtain effective load transfer for mechanical enhancement. This paper addresses the processing of polymer composites reinforced by functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes. FTIR, SEM/EDX and DMA analysis are presented. The results demonstrated that the chemical functionalization of nanotubes helps to improve both dispersion and interaction in polymer matrix. Mechanical property improvement for the epoxy polymer composites has been shown with a small amount of carbon nanotube addition.
Experience with Automatic, Dynamic Load Balancing and Adaptive Finite Element Computation (1994)

We describe a fine-grained, element-based data migration system that dynamically maintains global load balance on massively parallel MIMD computers, and is effective in the presence of changing work loads. Global load balance is achieved by overlapping neighborhoods of processors, where each neighborhood performs local load balancing. The method supports a large class of finite element and finite difference based applications and provides an automatic element management system to which applications are easily integrated. We test the system&apos;s effectiveness with an adaptive order ( -) refinement Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws on a 1024-processor nCUBE2. The results show the significant reduction in execution time synergistically obtained by combining the automatic data migration system and the adaptive finite element method.
Hard and soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe–Nd–Zr–B alloys containing intergranular amorphous phase (abstract) (1996)

The nanoscale crystalline and amorphous phases obtained by partial crystallization of an amorphous phase in rapidly solidified Fe90Nd7−xZrxB3 alloys were found to exhibit rather good hard magnetic properties in the composition range below 3 at. % Zr and good soft magnetic properties in the range above 4 at. % Zr. The hard magnetic alloys consist of nanoscale bcc–Fe and bct–Fe14Nd2B particles surrounded by the remaining amorphous phase, while the soft magnetic alloys are composed of bcc–Fe and remaining amorphous phases. The particle size is measured to be about 20 nm for the bcc–Fe phase and 15 nm for the Fe14Nd2B phase for a the former alloys and about 10 nm for the bcc–Fe phase for the latter alloys. The volume fraction of the remaining amorphous phase is evaluated to be about 20 to 30 at. % and the Nd and Zr contents are much higher than the nominal concentrations for the hard and soft magnetic alloys from the high-resolution TEM images and nanobeam compositional analyses. The remanence (Br), intrinsic coercivity (iHc), and maximum energy product are 1.24 T, 200 kA/m, and 88 kJ/m3, respectively, for the nanocrystalline Fe90Nd5Zr2B3 alloy annealed for 180 s at 1023 K, while the saturation magnetization (Bs), coercivity (Hc), and permeability at 1 kHz are 1.63 T, 16 A/m, and 7000, respectively, for the nanocrystalline Fe90Nd2Zr5B3 alloy annealed for 180 s at 923 K. The high Br and Bs values are presumably due to the magnetic coupling between bcc–Fe particles via the ferromagnetic intergranular amorphous phase and the large iHc for the alloy containing more than 4 at. % Nd is due to the exchange magnetic interaction betweeen Fe14Nd2B particles via ferromagnetic bcc–Fe and amorphous phases. The appearance of the rather good hard and soft magnetic properties for the same alloy series containing the high Fe content is extremely important for future development of manocrystalline hard and soft magnetic materials.
Optical Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Waveguide Structures in Photorefractive Material. Photo-Induced Refractive Index Changes in Glasses with Ultra-Short Pulse Laser. (1998)

In an attempt to write optical waveguides in bulk glasses, photo-induced refractive index changes were continuously created by focusing an ultra-short pulse laser through a microscope objective and translating the sample parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the laser beam. The resulting linear refractive index changes were written inside the bulk glasses along the path traversed by the focal point of the laser. From field intensity distributions in the output of guided light for these waveguides, we demonstrated that permanent optical waveguides could be successfully formed in various types of glass.
Molecular Detection and Quantitation of the Red TideDinoflagellate <i>Karenia brevis</i> in the MarineEnvironment (2003)

A real-time reverse transcription-PCR method targeting the rbcL gene was developed for the detection and quantitation of the Florida red tide organism, Karenia brevis. The assay was sensitive to less than 1 cell per reaction, did not detect rbcL from 38 nontarget taxa, and accurately quantitated K. brevis organisms in red tide samples from around Florida. These studies have resulted in a sensitive and specific method for K. brevis detection in the marine environment.
SNR-dependent waveform processing for improving the robustness of ASR front-end (2002)

We introduce a new concept in advancing the noise robustness of a speech recognition front-end. The presented method, called SNR-dependent waveform processing (SWP), exploits SNR variability within a speech period for enhancing the high SNR period portion and attenuating the low SNR period portion in the waveform time domain. In this way, the overall SNR of noisy-speech is increased, and at the same time, the periodicity of voiced speech is enhanced. This approach differs significantly from the well-known speech enhancement techniques, which are mostly frequency domain based, and we use it in this work as a complementary technique to them. In tests with SWP, we present significant clean and noisy speech recognition performance gains using the AURORA 2 database and recognition system as defined by ETSI for the robust frontend standardization process. Moreover, the presented algorithm is very simple and it is attractive also in terms of computational load.
Effect of Nb<sub><i>x</i></sub>B<sub>2</sub>addition on the<i>J</i><sub>c</sub><i>–B</i>characteristics of MgB<sub>2</sub>tapes (2005)

The effect of NbxB2 addition on the critical current density in applied magnetic fields (Jc–B characteristics) of iron sheathed MgB2 tapes prepared via an in situ powder-in-tube (PIT) technique was investigated. The results show that the Jc–B characteristics of MgB2 tapes are enhanced by the addition of an appropriate amount of NbxB2. This effect is considered to be due to the introduction of a pinning centre and the densification of the superconducting core. Furthermore, the effect of NbxB2 addition is not dependent upon the stoichiometry of Nb. The NbxB2 has the same crystal structure as MgB2 (AlB2 type), and the lattice parameter is close to that of MgB2, hence utilization of NbxB2 is expected to have some advantages in the tape fabrication of MgB2.
Production of and applications for a polyclonal IgY diagnostic reagent specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (2009)

Antibodies specific to the cell surface antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have multiple useful applications, e.g. organism detection, immunoconcentration, and cell visualization. The aim of this study was to produce and compare polyclonal antibodies for such research and diagnostic purposes. Three polyclonal antibodies to MAP were produced using sera from immunized rabbits and chickens plus naturally infected cows. Cross-reactive antibodies in each MAP antibody preparation were removed by absorption with heterologous mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial cells. The specificity of each resulting polyclonal antibody preparation was evaluated by ELISA to multiple bacterial cell wall extract antigens. After absorption, chicken anti-MAP IgY had the highest specificity of the three antibody preparations. FITC-la-beled anti-MAP IgY was used to effectively locate MAP in macrophages 12 h post-infection. Also, immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-MAP IgY enhanced recovery of MAP from bacterial suspensions in comparison with non-antibody coated beads. Anti-MAP IgY provides a novel new reagent with broad diagnostic and research applications requiring specific concentration, detection, and quantification of MAP.
Pegylated derivatives of recombinant human arginase (rhArg1) for sustained in vivo activity in cancer therapy: preparation, characterization and analysis of their pharmacodynamics in vivo and in vitro and action upon hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) (2009)

Valuable data on the optimization of the pegylation procedure and choice of ligand that best stabilizes the enzyme arginase 1 are presented, a protocol that should equally fit many other enzymes and proteins. It is a long lasting arginine-depleting enzyme in vivo which will greatly improve its use in anti-cancer therapy.