gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Portable System for Continuous Intravenous Insulin Delivery: Characteristics and Results in Diabetic Patients (1980)

A portable insulin delivery system for clinical use has been developed, with the aim of improving glycemic control for prolonged periods for individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes. It weighs 1.5 kg and measures 8 × 11 × 20 cm. A plastic case contains two insulin reservoirs, two peristaltic pumps (flow variability ± 3%), a battery pack, and voltage regulator. Silastic tubes connect the reservoirs to an indwelling intravenous catheter inserted into the arm. The system is carried by a strap over the shoulder. One pump operates continuously, giving insulin at a “basal” rate, and the other is activated during meals to give a preprogrammed waveform of insulin, the latter controlled by a small bedside unit. Twelve insulin-dependent diabetic patients were infused with insulin by this system for 4–60 days (mean 18 days), for a total of 199 patient days. Insulin delivery rates were modified according to data obtained by intermittent glycemic monitoring, and on one and in some cases two days glycemia was continuously monitored (N = 10). With a basal infusion rate of 18 ± 2 mU/min (mean ± SEM), fasting glycemia was 99 ± 7 mg/dl. The mean insulin delivered with meals was 12 ± 2 U for breakfast, 9 ± 2 U for lunch, and 11 ± 2 U for dinner. Mean glycemia before lunch and supper was 102 ± 6 and 121 ± 11 mg/dl, respectively. The lowest mean glycemia occurred after lunch (88 ± 7 mg/dl) and the mean peak postprandial glycemia was 136 ± 8 mg/dl (2 h after supper). The range from lowest to highest observed value was 47–189 mg/dl. This system is capable of maintaining glycemia within the normal range for periods up to 60 days. Further refinement of the waveforms of insulin delivery may allow for total glycemic normalization. The future refinement of such a system will allow for longer-term studies addressing the relationship between glycemic control and complications.
Tuning the self-assembly of lanthanide triple stranded heterobimetallic helicates by ligand design (2007)

The heterobitopic ligands L(AB4) and L(AB5) have been designed and synthesised with the ultimate aim of self-assembling dual-function lanthanide complexes containing either a magnetic and a luminescent probe or two luminescent probes emitting at different wavelengths. They react with lanthanide ions to form complexes of composition [Ln(2)(L(ABX))(3)](6+) of which three (X = 4; Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm) have been isolated and characterised by means of X-ray diffraction. The unit cells contain triple-stranded helicates in which the three ligand strands are wrapped tightly around the two lanthanide ions. In acetonitrile solution the ligands form not only homobimetallic, but also heterobimetallic complexes of composition [Ln(1)Ln(2)(L(ABX))(3)](6+) when reacted with a pair of different lanthanide ions. The yield of heterobimetallic complexes is analyzed in terms of both the difference in ionic radii of the lanthanide ions and of the inherent tendency of the ligands to form high percentages of head-head-head (HHH) helicates in which all three ligand strands are oriented in the same direction with respect to the Ln-Ln vector. The latter is very sensitive to slight modifications of the tridentate coordinating units.
End Points and Outcomes in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice (2011)

New therapeutic approaches for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) introduce new treatment dilemmas: how best to sequence these options to maximally benefit patients, what tests to perform before and after treatment to assess disease status, and how to interpret the test results and use them to guide treatment. New and specific end points for different classes of drugs are needed to provide the information to guide these treatment decisions. In 2008, the Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 consensus criteria for early-phase clinical trials redefined clinical trial end points as first, to control, relieve, or eliminate disease manifestations present when treatment is started and second, to prevent or delay future disease manifestations. Disease manifestations include prostate-specific antigen (PSA), soft-tissue disease (nodes and/or viscera), bone disease (most common site of spread), and symptoms. Recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for CRPC therapies have been based on the prevent/delay end points that reflect unequivocal benefit to a patient: prolongation of life or reduction in skeletal-related events (SREs). For the practicing oncologist, the control/relieve/eliminate outcomes should serve primarily to inform the decision of whether to continue therapy. In this review, we consider individual end points such as PSA, imaging, and patient-reported outcomes in the context of the control/relieve/eliminate and prevent/delay framework. We address the time-to-event end points of metastasis prevention, SRE, time to progression, and overall survival in the context of regulatory approvals. We also discuss circulating tumor cells measured with the CellSearch assay, recently cleared by the FDA for monitoring CRPC.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF FRUCTANS IN ONIONS (1978)

SUMMARY The non‐structural carbohydrate content of individual leaf bases of onion bulbs was determined, and confirmed the presence of glucose, fructose, sucrose and a series of fructans as the only components. The fructans decreased in concentration with increasing molecular weight and those with a DP (degree of polymerization) of up to 10 were estimated. Total fructan concentration decreased from the youngest to the oldest leaf bases of the bulb, while fructose levels increased and glucose and sucrose levels tended to remain constant.
Discovery of a drug targeting microenvironmental support for lymphoma cells by screening using patient-derived xenograft cells (2015)

Cell lines have been used for drug discovery as useful models of cancers; however, they do not recapitulate cancers faithfully, especially in the points of rapid growth rate and microenvironment independency. Consequently, the majority of conventional anti-cancer drugs are less sensitive to slow growing cells and do not target microenvironmental support, although most primary cancer cells grow slower than cell lines and depend on microenvironmental support. Here, we developed a novel high throughput drug screening system using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells of lymphoma that maintained primary cancer cell phenotype more than cell lines. The library containing 2613 known pharmacologically active substance and off-patent drugs were screened by this system. We could find many compounds showing higher cytotoxicity than conventional anti-tumor drugs. Especially, pyruvinium pamoate showed the highest activity and its strong anti-tumor effect was confirmed also in vivo. We extensively investigated its mechanism of action and found that it inhibited glutathione supply from stromal cells to lymphoma cells, implying the importance of the stromal protection from oxidative stress for lymphoma cell survival and a new therapeutic strategy for lymphoma. Our system introduces a primary cancer cell phenotype into cell-based phenotype screening and sheds new light on anti-cancer drug development.
Surface PEGylation and Ligand Exchange Chemistry of FePt Nanoparticles for Biological Applications (2005)

FePt magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were functionalized with a mixed monolayer of poly(ethylene glycol)-terminated thiol and dopamine ligands. The resulting nanoparticles were soluble and stable in aqueous media, including water, ionic solutions, and cell culture medium. The surface thiol ligands are readily exchanged with other thiols bearing chain-end functionalities. MNPs featuring either a cationic or an anionic surface were synthesized by ligand exchange chemistry to afford ligand peripheries capable of binding biomolecules. Surface binding of cationic MNPs to DNA and anionic MNPs to chymotrypsin was enabled by incorporation of a charged functionality on the nanoparticle surface. This approach represents a general strategy to synthesize functionalized FePt nanoparticles that form stable solutions in water and facilitates the use of these magnetic FePt nanoparticles in biological applications.
Uniform actions in asynchronous distributed systems (1994)

We develop necessary conditions for the development of asynchronous distributed software that will perform {\em uniform} actions (events that if performed by any process, must be performed at all processes). The paper focuses on {\em dynamic uniformity}, which differs from the classical problems in that processes continually leave and join the ongoing computation. Here, we first treat a static version of the problem (lacking joins), and then extend the results so obtained to also include joins. Our results demonstrate that in contrast to Consensus, which cannot be solved in asynchronous systems with even a single faulty process, dynamic uniformity can be solved using a failure detection mechanism that makes bounded numbers of mistakes. Because dynamic uniformity arises in systems that maintain safety within a ``primary partition'''' of a network, our paper provides a rigorous characterization of the framework upon which several existing distributed programming environments are based.
Union election activity in the health care industry (1994)

The health care industry in the United States has undergone many changes in recent years. One problem facing employers in this industry is the threat of unionization. The article examines union election activity since 1980 in hospitals, nursing homes, and other types of health care employers. Variance in the union victory rate was found over time and across the different sectors of the industry, types of employees involved, union involved, and sizes of the bargaining unit. The effects of geographic location and type of ownership are investigated. Decertification elections are also examined.
Cannabidiol Modulates Cytokine Storm in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by Simulated Viral Infection Using Synthetic RNA (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> In the absence of effective antivirals and vaccination, the pandemic of COVID-19 remains the most significant challenge to our health care system in decades. There is an urgent need for definitive therapeutic intervention. Clinical reports indicate that the cytokine storm associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of mortality in severe cases of some respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19. In recent years, cannabinoids have been investigated extensively due to their potential effects on the human body. Among all cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of pathological conditions. Therefore, it is logical to explore whether CBD can reduce the cytokine storm and treat ARDS. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this study, we show that intranasal application of Poly(I:C), a synthetic analogue of viral double-stranded RNA, simulated symptoms of severe viral infections inducing signs of ARDS and cytokine storm. <b>Discussion:</b> The administration of CBD downregulated the level of proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorated the clinical symptoms of Poly I:C-induced ARDS. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest a potential protective role for CBD during ARDS that may extend CBD as part of the treatment of COVID-19 by reducing the cytokine storm, protecting pulmonary tissues, and re-establishing inflammatory homeostasis.
7-Diethylamino-3-{(<i>E</i>)-4-[(<i>E</i>)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl]styryl}-2<i>H</i>-chromen-2-one (2014)

In the title coumarin derivative, C28H26N2O2, the coumarin unit is approximately planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.048 (3) Å. The central benzene ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 30.15 (14) and 10.51 (11)°, respectively, to the pyridine ring and coumarin ring system. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture.
Applications of Continuous Spatial Models in Multiple Antenna Signal Processing (2007)

This thesis covers the investigation and application of continuous spatial models for multiple antenna signal processing. The use of antenna arrays for advanced sensing and communications systems has been facilitated by the rapid increase in the capabilities of digital signal processing systems. The wireless communications channel will vary across space as different signal paths from the same source combine and interfere. This creates a level of spatial diversity that can be exploited to improve the robustness and overall capacity of the wireless channel. Conventional approaches to using spatial diversity have centered on smart, adaptive antennas and spatial beam forming. Recently, the more general theory of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) systems has been developed to utilise the independent spatial communication modes offered in a scattering environment. ¶ ...
Microscopic Investigation of Shear in Multiwalled Nanotube Deformation (2007)

The cylindrical geometry of nanotubes dictates a strong anisotropy of their physical properties. In practice, the difficulty in extracting individual components of the elastic tensor has limited the available information to only very partial and indirect experimental data. Here, the interlayer shear (sliding) modulus (C44) of single multiwalled WS2 nanotubes was studied by atomic force microscopy bending tests. The observed value of 2 GPa agrees well with the value of 4 GPa obtained for density functional tight binding calculations for 2H−MoS2. This value of the shear modulus represents a much higher degree of anisotropy than that obtained for carbon nanotubes and enables assignment of the mode of shear deformation.
Basal Linear Deposit and Large Drusen Are Specific for Early Age-Related Maculopathy (1999)

Basal linear deposits and large drusen with membranous contents constitute different morphologic forms of the same ARM-associated lesion and may be significant for progression to late ARM.
α-synuclein in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (2019)

The Alzheimer's disease (AD) afflicted brain is neuropathologically defined by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn), mainly associated with synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA), is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Lewy-related pathology (LRP), primarily comprised of αSyn, is present in a majority of autopsied AD brains, and higher levels of αSyn in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD have been linked to cognitive decline. Recent studies also suggest that the asymptomatic accumulation of Aβ plaques is associated with higher CSF αSyn levels in subjects at risk of sporadic AD and in individuals carrying autosomal dominant AD mutations. Experimental evidence has further linked αSyn mainly to tau hyperphosphorylation, but also to the pathological actions of Aβ and the APOEε4 allele, the latter being a major genetic risk factor for both AD and DLB. In this review, we provide a summary of the current evidence proposing an involvement of αSyn either as an active or passive player in the pathophysiological ensemble of AD, and furthermore describe in detail the current knowledge of αSyn structure and inferred function.
A comparative socio-technical discourse analysis of water sensitive urban design for Melbourne, Australia and Copenhagen, Denmark (2013)

This paper presents a comparative socio-technical discourse analysis of WUSD for Melbourne and Copenhagen. Despite Melbourne appearing to have progressed further, the technology pathways are very similar, suggesting significant potential for transfer of insights and policy mechanisms. However, there are some fundamental differences in the underpinning ontology of WUSD policy makers and practitioners, which provides more nuanced insights into how best to adapt the knowledge transfer process.
Architectural requirements of parallel scientific applications with explicit communication (1993)

This paper studies the behavior of scientific applications running on distributed memory parallel computers. Our goal is to quantify the floating point, memory, I/O and communication requirements of highly parallel scientific applications that perform explicit communication. In addition to quantifying these requirements for fixed problem sizes and numbers of processors, we develop analytical models for the effects of changing the problem size and the degree of parallelism for several of the applications. We use the results to evaluate the trade-offs in the design of multicomputer architectures.
For fission yeast nuclei, it takes two to tango (2015)

![Figure][1] 

In this time-lapse series, dynein (green) accumulates on the spindle pole bodies as two haploid nuclei (delineated by their nuclear envelopes, red) approach each other.



Two minus end–directed microtubule motors work in parallel to bring haploid nuclei together during fission
MIS diodes on n-InP with tantalum oxide interfacial layer grown by rapid thermal oxidation of tantalum (1994)

The electrical properties of MIS InP diodes where the interfacial layer is prepared by electron beam evaporation of Ta and subsequent rapid thermal oxidation of evaporated Ta film are studied. Ta and Al are used as the gate metals. Compared with the case of no interfacial film between metal and InP, the barrier height increases by 0.22 and 0.12 eV for Ta and Al gate metals, respectively. The MIS diode with Ta gate metal shows good thermal stability. In the case of Al gate metal the thermal stability is poor.
Cardiovascular Risks of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition (2006)

Millions of patients use nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for relief of arthritic pain. Although NSAIDs reduce pain, their use has been linked to gastroduodenal complications. Selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme appeared to offer patients similar pain relief with an improved adverse-effect profile. However, accumulating experiences have raised concerns regarding the cardiovascular toxicities of the selective COX-2 inhibitors. Although selective COX inhibitors provide more gastrointestinal protection than NSAIDs, the unbalanced inhibition of prostaglandins may promote cardiovascular complications. Variability in study designs and inconsistency in results have made the evaluation of NSAID and COX-2 inhibitor safety very difficult, creating confusion among health care practitioners. We examine the pharmacologic and clinical evidence that defines the cardiovascular risk associated with COX inhibition.
Nuclear Receptors and the Control of Metabolism (2003)

The metabolic nuclear receptors act as metabolic and toxicological sensors, enabling the organism to quickly adapt to environmental changes by inducing the appropriate metabolic genes and pathways. Ligands for these metabolic receptors are compounds from dietary origin, intermediates in metabolic pathways, drugs, or other environmental factors that, unlike classical nuclear receptor ligands, are present in high concentrations. Metabolic receptors are master regulators integrating the homeostatic control of (a) energy and glucose metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma); (b) fatty acid, triglyceride, and lipoprotein metabolism via PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma; (c) reverse cholesterol transport and cholesterol absorption through the liver X receptors (LXRs) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1); (d) bile acid metabolism through the farnesol X receptor (FXR), LXRs, LRH-1; and (e) the defense against xeno- and endobiotics by the pregnane X receptor/steroid and xenobiotic receptor (PXR/SXR). The transcriptional control of these metabolic circuits requires coordination between these metabolic receptors and other transcription factors and coregulators. Altered signaling by this subset of receptors, either through chronic ligand excess or genetic factors, may cause an imbalance in these homeostatic circuits and contribute to the pathogenesis of common metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, and gallbladder disease. Further studies should exploit the fact that many of these nuclear receptors are designed to respond to small molecules and turn them into therapeutic targets for the treatment of these disorders.
Deconstructed Microfluidic Bone Marrow On‐A‐Chip to Study Normal and Malignant Hemopoietic Cell–Niche Interactions (2019)

Human hematopoietic niches are complex specialized microenvironments that maintain and regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Thus far, most of the studies performed investigating alterations of HSPC-niche dynamic interactions are conducted in animal models. Herein, organ microengineering with microfluidics is combined to develop a human bone marrow (BM)-on-a-chip with an integrated recirculating perfusion system that consolidates a variety of important parameters such as 3D architecture, cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, and circulation, allowing a better mimicry of in vivo conditions. The complex BM environment is deconvoluted to 4 major distinct, but integrated, tissue-engineered 3D niche constructs housed within a single, closed, recirculating microfluidic device system, and equipped with cell tracking technology. It is shown that this technology successfully enables the identification and quantification of preferential interactions-homing and retention-of circulating normal and malignant HSPC with distinct niches.
A high-power-factor LED driver with zero-voltage switching-on characteristics (2013)

This paper proposes a high-efficiency LED driver consisting of interleaved buck-boost and buck converters. With no need to use any auxiliary reactive components, the active switches can operate at zero-voltage switching on (ZVS). The buck-boost converter is operated at discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) to perform the function of power-factor correction (PFC). The buck converter regulates the output voltage to drive LEDs. A prototype 60-W LED driver is built and tested. Experimental results show that the switching losses can be effectively reduced by operating the active switches at ZVS. The measured power factor and circuit efficiency are as high as 0.99 and 93%, respectively.