gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A MEMS Thermal Biosensor for Metabolic Monitoring Applications (2008)

This paper presents a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) differential thermal biosensor integrated with microfluidics for metabolite measurements in either flow-injection or flow-through mode. The MEMS device consists of two identical freestanding polymer diaphragms, resistive heaters, and a thermopile between the diaphragms. Integrated with polymer-based microfluidic measurement chambers, the device allows sensitive measurement of small volumes of liquid samples. Enzymes specific to a metabolic analyte system are immobilized on microbeads packed in the chambers. When a sample solution containing the analyte is introduced to the device, the heat released from the enzymatic reactions of the analyte is detected by the thermopile. The device has been tested with glucose solutions at physiologically relevant concentrations. In flow-injection mode, the device demonstrates a sensitivity of approximately 2.1 muV/mM and a resolution of about 0.025 mM. In flow-through mode with a perfusion flow rate of 0.5 mL/h, the sensitivity and resolution of the device are determined to be approximately 0.24 muV/mM and 0.4 mM, respectively. These results illustrate that the device, when integrated with subcutaneous sampling methods, can potentially allow for continuous monitoring of glucose and other metabolites.
Analysis of Aldehydes and Ketones in the Headspace of Heated Pork Fat (1989)

ABSTRACT Volatile chemicals in the headspace above heated pork fat were purged into aqueous solutions of cysteamine, sodium bisulfite, or methylhydrazine to trap aldehydes and ketones. Nine aldehydes and four ketones were determined as thiazolidine derivatives in traps containing aqueous cysteamine or aqueous sodium bisulfite. The major compounds produced were hexanal, heptanal, and pentanal. In general, aqueous cysteamine was more efficient at trapping carbonyl compounds than was aqueous sodium bisulfite. However, formalydehyde and acetaldehyde were trapped better by sodium bisulfite solution than by cysteamine solution. Acrolein and malonaldehyde were determined as l‐methyl‐2‐pyrazoline and 1‐methylpyrazole, respectively, from the trap containing methylhydrazine. This represents the first time that malonaldehyde has been determined in the vapor phase.
Highly efficient incremental estimation of Gaussian mixture models for online data stream clustering (2005)

We present a probability-density-based data stream clustering approach which requires only the newly arrived data, not the entire historical data, to be saved in memory. This approach incrementally updates the density estimate taking only the newly arrived data and the previously estimated density. The idea roots on a theorem of estimator updating and it works naturally with Gaussian mixture models. We implement it through the expectation maximization algorithm and a cluster merging strategy by multivariate statistical tests for equality of covariance and mean. Our approach is highly efficient in clustering voluminous <i>online</i> data streams when compared to the standard EM algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on clustering a simulated Gaussian mixture data stream and clustering real noisy spike signals extracted from neuronal recordings.
Popularity dynamics of foursquare micro-reviews (2014)

Foursquare, the currently most popular location-based social network, allows users not only to share the places (venues) they visit but also post micro-reviews (tips) about their previous experiences at specific venues as well as "like" previously posted tips. The number of "likes" a tip receives ultimately reflects its popularity among users, providing valuable feedback to venue owners and other users.
True Online Temporal-Difference Learning (2015)

The temporal-difference methods TD($λ$) and Sarsa($λ$) form a core part of modern reinforcement learning. Their appeal comes from their good performance, low computational cost, and their simple interpretation, given by their forward view. Recently, new versions of these methods were introduced, called true online TD($λ$) and true online Sarsa($λ$), respectively (van Seijen & Sutton, 2014). These new versions maintain an exact equivalence with the forward view at all times, whereas the traditional versions only approximate it for small step-sizes. We hypothesize that these true online methods not only have better theoretical properties, but also dominate the regular methods empirically. In this article, we put this hypothesis to the test by performing an extensive empirical comparison. Specifically, we compare the performance of true online TD($λ$)/Sarsa($λ$) with regular TD($λ$)/Sarsa($λ$) on random MRPs, a real-world myoelectric prosthetic arm, and a domain from the Arcade Learning Environment. We use linear function approximation with tabular, binary, and non-binary features. Our results suggest that the true online methods indeed dominate the regular methods. Across all domains/representations the learning speed of the true online methods are often better, but never worse than that of the regular methods. An additional advantage is that no choice between traces has to be made for the true online methods. Besides the empirical results, we provide an in-depth analysis of the theory behind true online temporal-difference learning. In addition, we show that new true online temporal-difference methods can be derived by making changes to the online forward view and then rewriting the update equations.
T1A: Opportunities and challenges for secure hardware and verifying trust in integrated circuits (2014)

Summary form only given. The migration from a vertical to horizontal business model has made it easier to introduce many vulnerabilities to electronic component design and supply chain. In the first part of this tutorial, we discuss the major issues that must be addressed including securing hardware, verifying trustworthiness of integrated circuits, unique key generation, side-channel attacks and more. In the latter two parts of this tutorial, we will place more emphasis on detection and prevention of hardware Trojans and counterfeit electronic parts and discuss how test can help. In this tutorial, we will cover (i) An introduction to hardware security and trust (physically unclonable functions, true random number generation, hardware Trojans, counterfeit ICs, sidechannel attacks, supply chain vulnerabilities, etc.), (ii) Background and motivation for hardware Trojan and counterfeit prevention/detection; (iii) Taxonomies related to both topics; (iv) Existing solutions; (v) Open test challenges; (vi) Design for security and trust, (vii) New and unified solutions to address these challenges.
Suppression of gene expression by a cell-permeable Tet repressor (2003)

Engineered transcription factors designed to selectively activate or repress endogenous genes have great potential in medical and biotechnological applications. Ultimately, their success will depend on the development of efficient delivery systems. We show here that a chimeric tetracycline- controlled transcription factor, encompassing the Tet repressor (TetR) from the tetracycline-resistance operon (tet from Escherichia coli transposon Tn10) and a cell membrane transducing peptide, is able to regulate transcription from a tetracycline responsive promoter (pCMV2xtetO2). When added directly to cultured cells, TetR fused to the full-length Antennapedia homeodomain (AntpHD) from Drosophila (TetRAntp), was able to selectively repress transcription in cells transiently transfected with a tetracycline-regulated reporter transcription unit. Moreover, TetRAntp could repress expression of a tetracycline responsive reporter transcription unit stably integrated into the genome of HeLa cells, demonstrating the possibility of manipulating endogenous gene expression by cell-permeable transcription factors.
Aerobic regulation of cytochrome <i>d</i> oxidase (<i>cydAB</i> ) operon expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: roles of Fnr and ArcA in repression and activation (1997)

The cydAB operon of Escherichia coli encodes the cytochrome d oxidase complex, one of two aerobic terminal oxidases that catalyses the oxidation of ubiquinol-8 and the reduction of oxygen to water. This enzyme has a higher affinity for oxygen than the cytochrome o oxidase complex and accumulates as oxygen becomes limiting. Expression of the cydAB operon is microaerobically controlled by the ArcA/ArcB two-component regulatory system and by Fnr. To understand how ArcA and Fnr contribute to this control, a set of cyd-lacZ reporter fusions were constructed and analysed in vivo. Two cydAB promoters, designated P1 and P2, were identified by primer extension analysis and are located 288 and 173 bp upstream of the start of cydA translation respectively. Transcription from promoter P1 was shown to be regulated by both Fnr and ArcA in response to anaerobiosis. DNasel footprint experiments revealed the locations of two Fnr binding sites at the P1 promoter: one is centred at the start of cyd transcription, while the other is positioned 53.5 bp upstream. A single ArcA-phosphate binding site of 49 bp, centred 93 bp upstream of promoter P1, was identified to be sufficient for the activation of cydAB expression. Based on the results of the in vitro and in vivo studies, a working model for ArcA activation and Fnr repression of cydAB transcription is proposed.
Excitation ratiometric fluorescent biosensor for zinc ion at picomolar levels (2002)

Zinc is a metal ion of increasing significance in several biomedical fields, including neuroscience, immunology, reproductive biology, and cancer. Fluorescent indicators have added greatly to our understanding of the biology of several metal ions, most notably calcium. Despite substantial efforts, only recently have zinc indicators been developed which are sufficiently selective for use in the complex intra- and extracellular milieus, and which are capable of quantifying the free zinc levels with some degree of reliability. However, these indicators (such as FuraZin-1 and Newport Green DCF) have only modest sensitivity, and there is growing evidence that significantly lower levels of free zinc may be biologically relevant in some instances. We have adapted the peerless selectivity and sensitivity of a carbonic anhydrase-based indicator system to an excitation ratiometric format based on resonance energy transfer: i.e., where the zinc ion level is transduced as the ratio of fluorescence intensities excited at two different excitation wavelengths, which is preferred for fluorescence microscopy. The system exhibits more than a 60% increase in the ratio of intensity excited at 365 nm to that excited at 546 nm (emission observed at 617 nm). The detection limit is about 10 pM in zinc buffered systems, a 10-1000-fold improvement on the Fura indicators (which respond to Ca and Mg as well), and a 10 000-fold improvement on the recently described FuraZin-1.
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Y_3Al_5O_(12)∶Eu~(3+) Phosphor (2003)

Yttrium aluminates are interesting compounds,in particular with regards to their optical properties.Activation by Ce3+,for example,gives a fastresponse flyingspot scanner phosphor,and activation by Tb3+ gives a characteristic narrowband phosphor suitable for contrastenhanced display applications in high ambient illumination conditions.The YAGbased materials are normally synthesized at a relatively high temperature(1 500℃) by a solidstate reaction between Al2O3 and Y2O3.Such conditions normally lead to powders of relatively large and widervarying grain sizes and varying impurity content.The solgel method,because of its apparent advantages of fine homogeneity,high reactivity of starting materials and lower sintering temperature,is a new route to synthesize powders. In this study,the Eu3+doped YAG phosphors were synthesized by the solgel process using metal alkoxide at the lower temperature of 1 000℃.The formation process and structure of the phosphor powders were investigated by means of TGDSC,XRD.The purified crystalline phase of YAG were obtained at 1 000℃.The differences for the excitation and emission spectra of Eu3+ in crystalline and amorphous states of YAG were observed,and the emission intensities increased with the increasing of sintering temperature and Eu3+ concentration.
Improved VO_2 thin films for infrared switching (1991)

Vanadium dioxide (VO(2),) undergoes a thermally induced phase transition from a semiconductor to a metal near 68 degrees C. The deposition of VO(2), thin films by using a process of activated-reactive evaporation provides high-quality VO(2)-film material; specifically, the semiconducting phase-extinction coefficient in the infrared is reduced by an order of magnitude without detrimental effect on the corresponding metal phase coefficient. The materials improvement significantly enhances accessible performance limits for optical switching devices, as compared with VO(2) thin films deposited by both standard reactive and ion-assisted reactive evaporation.
On the solubility of nitrogen in liquid iron and steel alloys using elevated pressure (1991)

Using a recently developed high pressure induction furnace it was possible to introduce large amounts of nitrogen to pure iron, Fe-Cr, Fe-Mn, Fe-Mo, Fe-Ni, and Fe-multicomponent alloys. The correlation of the nitrogen solubility to the partial pressure of nitrogen is shown. Further, the deviation from Sieverts' square root law is explained. An equation for the calculation of the nitrogen solubility is derived.
Present and Possible Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2014)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly population worldwide and is defined as a chronic, progressive disorder characterized by changes occurring within the macula reflective of the ageing process. At present, the prevalence of AMD is currently rising and is estimated to increase by a third by 2020. Although our understanding of the several components underpinning the pathogenesis of this condition has increased significantly, the treatment options for this condition remain substantially limited. In this review, we outline the existing arsenal of therapies available for AMD and discuss the additional role of further novel therapies currently under investigation for this debilitating disease.
Prospective Study of Peripregnancy Consumption of Peanuts or Tree Nuts by Mothers and the Risk of Peanut or Tree Nut Allergy in Their Offspring (2013)

Among mothers without P/TN allergy, higher peripregnancy consumption of P/TN was associated with lower risk of P/TN allergy in their offspring. Our study supports the hypothesis that early allergen exposure increases tolerance and lowers risk of childhood food allergy.
An Analytical Approach for Time-Division Multiplexing Optimization in Multi-FPGA based Systems (2019)

To increase the utilization of FPGAs in multi-FPGA based systems, time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a widely used technique to accommodate a large number of inter-FPGA signals. However, with this technique, the delay imposed by the inter-FPGA connections becomes significant. Previous research shows that TDM ratio of signals can greatly affect the performance of a system. In this paper, we extend previous problem formulation to meet more general constraints in multi-FPGA based systems and propose a novel approach to solve it. In particular, to optimize system clock period effectively and efficiently, we propose a two-step analytical framework, which first gives a continuous result using a non-linear conjugate gradient-based method and then finalizes the result optimally by a dynamic programming-based discretization algorithm. For comparison, we also solve the problem using an integer linear programming (ILP)-based method. Experimental results show that our approach can improve the system clock period by about 7% on top of a well optimized inter-FPGA routing result. Moreover, our approach scales for designs over 400K nodes while ILP-based method is not able to finish for designs with 2K nodes.
Bioactive macroporous titanium surface layer on titanium substrate (2000)

A macroporous titanium surface layer is often formed on titanium and titanium alloy implants for morphological fixation of the implants to bone via bony ingrowth into the porous structure. The surface of titanium metal was recently shown to become highly bioactive by being subjected to 5.0 M-NaOH treatment at 60 degrees C for 24 h and subsequent heat treatment at 600 degrees C for 1 h. In the present study, the NaOH and heat treatments were applied to a macroporous titanium surface layer formed on titanium substrate by a plasma spraying method. The NaOH and heat treatments produced an uniform amorphous sodium titanate layer on the surface of the porous titanium. The sodium titanate induced a bonelike apatite formation in simulated body fluid at an early soaking period, whereby the apatite layer grew uniformly along the surface and cross-sectional macrotextures of the porous titanium. This indicates that the NaOH and heat treatments lead to a bioactive macroporous titanium surface layer on titanium substrate. Such a bioactive macroporous layer on an implant is expected not only to enhance bony ingrowth into the porous structure, but also to provide a chemical integration with bone via apatite formation on its surface in the body.
Protective Effect of Atazanavir Sulphate Against Pulmonary Fibrosis<i>In Vivo</i>and<i>In Vitro</i> (2017)

Atazanavir sulphate, an antiretroviral protease inhibitor, has been used to treat HIV/AIDS, but its ability to serve as an antipulmonary fibrosis (PF) agent remains unknown. In this study, the effects of atazanavir sulphate on various aspects of PF were examined and CoCl<sub>2</sub> was used to induce the hypoxia-mimicking condition in vitro, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 cells, endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), proliferation in human lung fibroblasts (HLF-1) and potential protective effects in human type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT I). Additionally, the effects of atazanavir sulphate were examined using a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. After atazanavir sulphate treatment, in A549 cells and HPMECs, the expression of vimentin, HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and p-NF-κB decreased, while the expression of E-cadherin and VE-cadherin increased. In AT I cells, the expression of aquaporin 5 and RAGE were increased after atazanavir treatment. Proliferation of HLF-1 was reduced after atazanavir treatment, meanwhile the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD-2), HMGB1, TLR-9, p-NF-κB, collagen I and collagen III was decreased. In the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model, atazanavir sulphate ameliorated PF by reducing pathological score, collagen deposition and the expression of α-SMA, HIF-1α, PHD-2, HMGB1, TLR-4, TLR-9 and p-NF-κB. In summary, our study supports the proposal that atazanavir sulphate may have a therapeutic potential in reducing the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing HMGB1/TLR signalling.
Improved flavor of navel orange and grapefruit juices by removal of bitter components with .beta.-cyclodextrin polymer (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved flavor of navel orange and grapefruit juices by removal of bitter components with .beta.-cyclodextrin polymerPhilip E. Shaw, James H. Tatum, and Charles W. Wilson IIICite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 4, 832–836Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00124a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00124a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views521Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-speed GaAs/AlGaAs photoconductive detector using a <i>p</i>-modulation-doped multiquantum well structure (1986)

A new type of high-speed GaAs/AlGaAs photoconductive detector utilizing the high drift velocity of minority electrons in a p-modulation doped multiquantum well structure is demonstrated. In this modulation-doped structure, the electron scattering is reduced, which leads to the enhancement of the electron (minority carrier) drift velocity which determines the response speed of the detector. A deconvolved pulse response as narrow as 33 ps full width at half-maximum was obtained with an electric field of 3.1 kV/cm at room temperature.
Semi‐Stochastic Tilings for Example‐Based Texture Synthesis (2010)

Abstract We investigate semi‐stochastic tilings based on Wang or corner tiles for the real‐time synthesis of example‐based textures. In particular, we propose two new tiling approaches: (1) to replace stochastic tilings with pseudo‐random tilings based on the Halton low‐discrepancy sequence, and (2) to allow the controllable generation of tilings based on a user‐provided probability distribution. Our first method prevents local repetition of texture content as common with stochastic approaches and yields better results with smaller sets of utilized tiles. Our second method allows to directly influence the synthesis result which—in combination with an enhanced tile construction method that merges multiple source textures—extends synthesis tasks to globally‐varying textures. We show that both methods can be implemented very efficiently in connection with tile‐based texture mapping and also present a general rule that allows to significantly reduce resulting tile sets.