gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analogues of the antiviral acyclonucleoside 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine. Part 3. Modification of a 3′-hydroxymethyl group (1988)

Syntheses of 3′-hydroxymethyl modified analogues of the potent antiviral agent 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine (1c) are described. These include methyl homologues (7a, b), chain-extended compounds such as the methylene homologue (16) and hydroxyalkyl ethers (26b, c), and methoxy (26a), bromo (28), azido (29), amino (30), and formamido (31) substituted analogues. Compounds (7a, b), (16), and (26a–c) were prepared by construction of an appropriately functionalised alkyl unit followed by purine alkylation and deprotection, whereas compounds (28)–(31) were prepared by selective modification of (1c). The formamido analogue (31) showed moderate anti-herpes virus activity and compounds (16), (26b), and (29) weak activity.
Coal desulfurization by a microwave process. Technical progress report (1982)

As a result of technical discussions and directions from DOE the effort in this reporting period was concentrated on coal samples from Upper Freeport and Pittsburgh No. 8. Sulfur and ash reductions were measured as a function of NaOH to coal ratios (0.15 to 4) as well as coal particle size in the mesh range 30 x 200 to 200 x 0. Although the data have not been analyzed in any detail it appears that very good cleaning can be accomplished with relatively low concentrations of NaOH (13% to 37%). The particle size variation results suggest that the most mineral matter was removed from the finest coal sample (200 x 0). This statement is based on the fact that the (200 x 0) feed sample was least beneficiated by the float-sink step (22% ash vs 9 to 15% for more coarse samples). As for the sulfur reduction, it is difficult to distinguish significant differences between 200 x 0 and 30 x 0 mesh sizes.
Semaphorin-3A levels in urine demonstrate promising sensitivity for detection of upper-tract urothelial carcinoma - a preliminary case series (2018)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of Semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A) as a biomarker for diagnosis and management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma, independently and in conjunction to cytology. Upper tract noninvasive urothelial carcinoma is a lifelong chronic non-curable disease. It is infamously difficult both to diagnose and to follow-up, and current non-invasive methods are commonly inadequate. Sema-3A protein levels can be measured from a simple urine test and can aid in the diagnosis and follow-up and early non-invasive tumor recurrence detection. Assigned cases for this series were those with pathologically verified upper tract neoplastic lesions. Urine samples for cytology and Sema-3A were taken on admission from all recruited patients. Sema-3A protein levels were determined using ELISA in every sample, and the tumor was graded and staged according to the 2004 WHO grading system. Descriptive and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of Sema-3A and the cytology exam. This case series included 10 patients with pathologically proven upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Sensitivity for recognizing disease was calculated as 80% for cytology, and 89% for a predetermined Sema-3A cutoff. Combining the strengths of both urine tests to a single criterion (Sema-3A ＞ 5 or positive cytology) resulted in 100% sensitivity. In conclusion, in the current preliminary study, high levels of Sema-3A correlated with upper-tract urothelial cancer stage and displayed higher sensitivity than cytology. Combined analysis of both positive Sema-3A and cytology demonstrated 100% sensitivity. Thus, Sema-3A levels can potentially serve as a reliable biomarker for diagnosis and management for the disease, given that further dedicated studies with larger patient cohorts are undertaken.
End-to-End Saliency Mapping via Probability Distribution Prediction (2018)

Most saliency estimation methods aim to explicitly model low-level conspicuity cues such as edges or blobs and may additionally incorporate top-down cues using face or text detection. Data-driven methods for training saliency models using eye-fixation data are increasingly popular, particularly with the introduction of large-scale datasets and deep architectures. However, current methods in this latter paradigm use loss functions designed for classification or regression tasks whereas saliency estimation is evaluated on topographical maps. In this work, we introduce a new saliency map model which formulates a map as a generalized Bernoulli distribution. We then train a deep architecture to predict such maps using novel loss functions which pair the softmax activation function with measures designed to compute distances between probability distributions. We show in extensive experiments the effectiveness of such loss functions over standard ones on four public benchmark datasets, and demonstrate improved performance over state-of-the-art saliency methods.
Methods for boundary scan access of built-in self-test for field programmable gate arrays (2003)

In this paper we present four methods for accessing BIST for FPGAs via the IEEE 1149.1 standard boundary scan interface along with the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Each method is evaluated with consideration to test time, logic overhead, diagnostics resolution, usability in FPGAs, and architectural features which would be required to implement the approach. These methods can be used in a variety of FPGA architectures for all levels of testing.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Anticancer β‐Lactams (2011)

Abstract Review: 158 refs.
Silver resin chromatographic separation of methyl cis‐ and trans‐ mono‐ and dihydroxy fatty esters (1978)

Abstract Column chromatography on silver ion‐saturated Amberlyst XN 1010 cation exchange resin gave very good separation of a mixture of methyl 12‐hydroxy‐ cis ‐and trans ‐9‐octadecenoates and of methyl threo ‐12, 13‐dihydroxy‐ cis ‐ and trans ‐9‐octadecenoates. Comparison of the retention volumes of nonhydroxy, monohydroxy, and dihydroxy saturated and monoenoic methyl esters and of dienoic methyl esters shows that the hydroxy group interacts with the column packing to slow passage of the compound through the column, although the effect of a hydroxy group is less than that of a trans double bond. The effects of the hydroxy groups are additive; the ratio of retention volumes of dihydroxy ester to monohydroxy ester is slightly larger that that of monohydroxy ester to nonhydroxy ester. The retention volume of a cis monoenoic ester is equal to that of a hydroxy trans monoenoic ester and that of a hydroxy cis monoenoic ester is equal to that of a dihydroxy trans monoenoic ester.
Fluorescent‐based tandem white OLEDs designed for display and solid‐state‐lighting applications (2009)

Abstract— Highly efficient tandem white OLEDs based on fluorescent materials were developed for display and solid‐state‐lighting (SSL) applications. In both cases, the white OLED must have high power efficiency and long lifetime, but there are a number of attributes unique to each application that also must be considered. Tandem OLED technology has been demonstrated as an effective approach to increase luminance, extend OLED lifetime, and allow for use of different emitters in the individual stacks for tuning the emission spectrum to achieve desired performance. Here, examples of bottom‐emission tandem white OLEDs based on small‐molecule fluorescent emitters designed for displays and for SSL applications are reported. A two‐stack tandem white OLED designed for display applications achieved 36.5‐cd/A luminance efficiency, 8500K color temperature, and lifetime estimated to exceed 50,000 hours at 1000 cd/m 2 . This performance is expected to meet the specifications for large AMOLED displays. A two‐stack tandem white OLED designed for SSL applications achieved 20‐lm/W power efficiency, 38‐cd/A luminance efficiency, 3500K color temperature, and lifetime estimated to exceed 140,000 hours at 1000 cd/m 2 . With the use of proven light‐extraction techniques, it is estimated that this tandem device will exceed 40 lm/W with more than 500,000‐hour lifetime, performance that should be sufficient for first‐generation lighting products.
Compression/decompression DRAM for unified memory systems: a 16 Mb, 200 MHz, 90% to 50% graphics-bandwidth reduction prototype (2002)

Describes a unified memory system containing CompressDRAMs. The system is based on a Synclink-type packet-oriented DRAM architecture. CompressDRAMs are connected along the main memory bus, just as other conventional DRAMs are. A frame buffer is allocated on a CompressDRAM, and the graphics data is transferred in compressed form from/to the frame buffer. Here the memory bus consists of unidirectional command link and bi-directional data link, both at 200MHz, double data rate. A 40b request packet is issued from a memory/graphics controller to a target DRAM or CompressDRAM using 10b CA of Command Link, while a variable length data packet is transmitted over 16b DQ of Data Link (800MB/s peak bandwidth). A unidirectional READY signal is newly introduced to synchronize the controller and the CompressDRAMs.
High-performance avalanche photodiode with separate absorption ‘grading’ and multiplication regions (1983)

High-speed operation of avalanche photodiodes with separated absorption and multiplication regions has been achieved by incorporating an intermediate bandgap InGaAsP ‘grading’ layer between the InP multiplication layer and the InGaAs absorption layer. These APDs also exhibit low dark currents, high quantum efficiencies and good avalanche gains. Sensitivity measurements have been made at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm with one of these APDs in a high-speed optical receiver: at bit rates of 420 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s the minimum average powers required for 10−9 BER are −43 dBm and −38 dBm at 1.55 μm, and −41.5 dBm and −37.5 dBm at 1.3 μm, respectively.
Maximum likelihood estimates for exponential type density families (1999)

We consider a parametric family of density functions of the type exp(-|x|/sup /spl alpha//2/) for modeling acoustic feature vectors used in automatic recognition of speech. The parameter /spl alpha/ is a measure of the impulsiveness as well as the nongaussian nature of the data. While previous work has focused on estimating the mean and the variance of the data here we attempt to estimate the impulsiveness /spl alpha/ from the data on a maximum likelihood basis. We show that there is a balance between /spl alpha/ and the number of data points N that must be satisfied before maximum likelihood estimation is carried out. Numerical experiments are performed on multidimensional vectors obtained from speech data.
Error Concealment for Frame Losses in MDC (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <emphasis emphasistype="italic">Multiple description coding</emphasis> (MDC) is an effective <emphasis emphasistype="italic">error resilience</emphasis> (ER) technique for video coding. In case of frame loss, <emphasis emphasistype="italic">error concealment</emphasis> (EC) techniques can be used in MDC to reconstruct the lost frame, with error, from which subsequent frames can be decoded directly. With such direct decoding, the subsequent decoded frames will gradually recover from the frame loss, though slowly. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm using <emphasis emphasistype="italic">multihypothesis error concealment</emphasis> (MHC) to improve the error recovery rate of any EC in the temporal subsampling MDC. In MHC, the simultaneous temporal-interpolated frame is used as an additional hypothesis to improve the reconstructed video quality after the lost frame. Both subjective and objective results show that MHC can achieve significantly better video quality than direct decoding. </para>
Navigation- vs. index-based XML multi-query processing (2004)

XML path queries form the basis of complex filtering of XML data. Most current XML path query processing techniques can be divided in two groups. Navigation-based algorithms compute results by analyzing an input document one tag at a time. In contrast, index-based algorithms take advantage of precomputed numbering schemes over the input XML document. We introduce a new index-based technique, index-filter, to answer multiple XML path queries. Index-filter uses indexes built over the document tags to avoid processing large portions of the input document that are guaranteed not to be part of any match. We analyze index-filter and compare it against Y-filter, a state-of-the-art navigation-based technique. We show that both techniques have their advantages, and we discuss the scenarios under which each technique is superior to the other one. In particular, we show that while most XML path query processing techniques work off SAX events, in some cases it pays off to preprocess the input document, augmenting it with auxiliary information that can be used to evaluate the queries faster. We present experimental results over real and synthetic XML documents that validate our claims.
EFFECT OF TUNICAMYCIN ON THE SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULES IN CULTURES OF CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS INFECTED WITH NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS (1971)

The effect of tunicamycin on the synthesis of macromolecules in cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts was investigated by measuring the incorporation of radioactive percursors into acid-insoluble product after infection or mockinfection with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Tunicamycin had slight or no effect on incorporation of uridine, thymidine and choline. Protein synthesis proceeded to some extent depending on concentrations of tunicamycin. Incorporation of glucosamine and glucose was greatly affected by the antibiotic at low concentrations. Mechanism of action of tunicamycin against NDV multiplication is discussed in relation to membrane synthesis.
A Robust and Efficient Framework for Sports-Field Registration (2021)

We propose a novel framework to register sports-fields as they appear in broadcast sports videos. Unlike previous approaches, we particularly address the challenge of field- registration when: (a) there are not enough distinguishable features on the field, and (b) no prior knowledge is available about the camera. To this end, we detect a grid of key- points distributed uniformly on the entire field instead of using only sparse local corners and line intersections, thereby extending the keypoint coverage to the texture-less parts of the field as well. To further improve keypoint based homography estimate, we differentialbly warp and align it with a set of dense field-features defined as normalized distance- map of pixels to their nearest lines and key-regions. We predict the keypoints and dense field-features simultaneously using a multi-task deep network to achieve computational efficiency. To have a comprehensive evaluation, we have compiled a new dataset called SportsFields which is collected from 192 video-clips from 5 different sports covering large environmental and camera variations. We empirically demonstrate that our algorithm not only achieves state of the art field-registration accuracy but also runs in real-time for HD resolution videos using commodity hardware.
CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocyte-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Transcription: A Novel Antiviral Mechanism (1993)

HIV-1 infection evokes a vigorous antiviral response that may participate in resolving the initial peak of plasma viremia and maintenance of the asymptomatic state. CD8+ T lymphocytes of HIV-1-infected individuals play a critical role in the cellular anti-HIV response. In agreement with previous reports, we observed a potent suppressive effect on HIV-1 production from autologous CD4+ T lymphocytes by CD8+ T lymphocytes from asymptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of the nonlytic suppressive antiviral activity, we examined the effect of CD8+ T lymphocytes on the transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 promoter (HIV-LTR). CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected asymptomatic individuals suppressed tat-mediated HIV-LTR transcription in CD4+ lymphocytes. HIV-LTR transcriptional activity was suppressed by CD8 lymphocytes to an extent similar to tat-mediated transcription whereas CMV immediate early gene promoter activity was not affected. In contrast to the suppressive effect seen with CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals, CD8+ lymphocytes from uninfected individuals did not significantly inhibit tat-mediated or HIV-LTR transcription. The transcriptional inhibitory activity was not MHC class I restricted and could be mediated by a soluble factor(s). Supernatants from some CD8+ T lymphocyte cultures from HIV-1+ individuals exerted an inhibitory effect on tat-mediated HIV-LTR transcription comparable to that seen with CD8+ cells. In conclusion, CD8+ lymphocytes from asymptomatic HIV-1+ individuals could suppress virus production by inhibiting HIV-1 gene expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular communication for health care applications (2006)

Molecular communication is a new communication paradigm using molecules as a communication carrier. In molecular communication, information is encoded onto molecules at senders and the molecules propagate to receivers in a controlled manner. The receivers, upon receiving the molecules, decode the encoded information and react biochemically. Molecular communication provides means to deliver molecules to destinations and allows biological and artificially-created components to communicate with each other. This paper describes a design of a molecular communication system that has potentialities to enable future health care applications
Free BDD based CAD of Compact Memristor Crossbars for in-Memory Computing (2018)

The demise of Moore's law, breakdown of Dennard Scaling, dark silicon phenomenon, process variation, leakage currents and quantum tunneling are some of the hurdles faced in the further advancement of computing systems today. As a result, there is a renewed interest in alternate computing paradigms using emerging nanoelectronic devices. This work uses free binary decision diagrams (FBDDs) for computer-aided design (CAD) of compact memristive crossbars for sneak-path based in-memory computing. The absence of a fixed variable ordering makes FBDDs more compact than their ordered counterpart called reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (ROBDDs). Our design has used the size of the circuit-representation of Boolean functions for selecting different variable orderings along different paths which results in compact FBDDs. We have demonstrated our approach by designing compact crossbars for a four-bit multiplier and other RevLib benchmarks. Our synthesis process yields a 50.1% reduction in area over the previous FBDD-based synthesis for the fourth-output-bit of the multiplier. Overall, our approach has reduced the multiplier area by 20.1%.
Visual Aesthetic Quality Assessment with Multi-task Deep Learning. (2016)

This paper considers the problem of assessing visual aesthetic quality with semantic information. We cast the assessment problem as the main task among a multi-task deep model, and argue that semantic recognition offers the key to addressing this problem. Based on convolutional neural networks, we propose a general multi-task framework with four different structures. In each structure, aesthetic quality assessment task and semantic recognition task are leveraged, and different features are explored to improve the quality assessment. Moreover, an effective strategy of keeping a balanced effect between the semantic task and aesthetic task is developed to optimize the parameters of our framework. The correlation analysis among the tasks validates the importance of the semantic recognition in aesthetic quality assessment. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-task framework, and further corroborate the above proposition.
Kawasaki syndrome (1995)

Although a general consensus on the etiology of Kawasaki syndrome has not been reached, increasing evidence suggests that this illness represents a response to a superantigen. This conclusion is based on the observations of the immunologic changes that characterize the acute stages of illness as well as on the demonstrated association with toxin-producing bacteria in the pharynx and gastrointestinal tract. Therapy with intravenous gamma globulin and high-dose aspirin remains the standard of care for acute disease. Long-term follow-up of increasing numbers of children has confirmed that few properly treated children are at risk for the development of coronary artery abnormalities due to this illness.
Hidden Database Research and Analytics (HYDRA) System . (2015)

A significant portion of data on the web is available on private or hidden databases that lie behind formlike query interfaces that allow users to browse these databases in a controlled manner. In this paper, we describe System HYDRA that enables fast sampling and data analytics over a hidden web database with a form-like web search interface. Broadly, it consists of three major components: (1) SAMPLE-GEN which produces samples according to a given sampling distribution (2) SAMPLE-EVAL that evaluates samples produced by SAMPLE-GEN and also generates estimations for a given aggregate query and (3) TIMBR that enables fast and easy construction of a wrapper that models both input and output interface of the web database thereby translating supported search queries to HTTP requests and retrieving top-k query answers from HTTP responses.
Preclinical Evaluation of <sup>86</sup>Y-Labeled Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Dosimetry Estimates (2015)

<sup>86</sup>Y (half-life = 14.74 h, 33% β<sup>+</sup>) is within an emerging class of positron-emitting isotopes with relatively long physical half-lives that enables extended imaging of biologic processes. We report the synthesis and evaluation of 3 low-molecular-weight compounds labeled with <sup>86</sup>Y for imaging the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) using PET. Impetus for the study derives from the need to perform dosimetry estimates for the corresponding <sup>90</sup>Y-labeled radiotherapeutics. <b>Methods:</b> Multistep syntheses were used in preparing <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>4</b>–<b>6.</b> PSMA inhibition constants were evaluated by competitive binding assay. In vivo characterization using tumor-bearing male mice was performed by PET/CT for <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>4</b>–<b>6</b> and by biodistribution studies of <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>4</b> and <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>6</b> out to 24 h after injection. Quantitative whole-body PET scans were recorded to measure the kinetics for 14 organs in a male baboon using <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>6. Results:</b> Compounds <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>4</b>–<b>6</b> were obtained in high radiochemical yield and purity, with specific radioactivities of more than 83.92 GBq/μmol. PET imaging and biodistribution studies using PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP and PSMA-negative PC-3 flu tumor-bearing mice revealed that <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>4–6</b> had high site-specific uptake in PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP tumor starting at 20 min after injection and remained high at 24 h. Compound <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>6</b> demonstrated the highest tumor uptake and retention, with 32.17 ± 7.99 and 15.79 ± 6.44 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 5 and 24 h, respectively. Low activity concentrations were associated with blood and normal organs, except for the kidneys, a PSMA-expressing tissue. PET imaging in baboons reveals that all organs have a 2-phase (rapid and slow) clearance, with the highest uptake (8 %ID/g) in the kidneys at 25 min. The individual absolute uptake kinetics were used to calculate radiation doses using the OLINDA/EXM software. The highest mean absorbed dose was received by the renal cortex, with 1.9 mGy per MBq of <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>6.</b><b>Conclusion:</b> Compound <sup>86</sup>Y-<b>6</b> is a promising candidate for quantitative PET imaging of PSMA-expressing tumors. Dosimetry calculations indicate promise for future <sup>90</sup>Y or other radiometals that could use a similar chelator/scaffold combination for radiopharmaceutical therapy based on the structure of <b>6.</b>