gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Information Extraction from Piping and Instrumentation\n Diagrams (2019)

One of the most common modes of representing engineering schematics are\nPiping and Instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) that describe the layout of an\nengineering process flow along with the interconnected process equipment. Over\nthe years, P&ID diagrams have been manually generated, scanned and stored as\nimage files. These files need to be digitized for purposes of inventory\nmanagement and updation, and easy reference to different components of the\nschematics. There are several challenging vision problems associated with\ndigitizing real world P&ID diagrams. Real world P&IDs come in several different\nresolutions, and often contain noisy textual information. Extraction of\ninstrumentation information from these diagrams involves accurate detection of\nsymbols that frequently have minute visual differences between them.\nIdentification of pipelines that may converge and diverge at different points\nin the image is a further cause for concern. Due to these reasons, to the best\nof our knowledge, no system has been proposed for end-to-end data extraction\nfrom P&ID diagrams. However, with the advent of deep learning and the\nspectacular successes it has achieved in vision, we hypothesized that it is now\npossible to re-examine this problem armed with the latest deep learning models.\nTo that end, we present a novel pipeline for information extraction from P&ID\nsheets via a combination of traditional vision techniques and state-of-the-art\ndeep learning models to identify and isolate pipeline codes, pipelines, inlets\nand outlets, and for detecting symbols. This is followed by association of the\ndetected components with the appropriate pipeline. The extracted pipeline\ninformation is used to populate a tree-like data-structure for capturing the\nstructure of the piping schematics. We evaluated proposed method on a real\nworld dataset of P&ID sheets obtained from an oil firm and have obtained\npromising results.\n
120 Gb/s OFDM Transmission with Direct Detection using Compatible Single-Sideband Modulation (2008)

A short haul transmission system for 120 Gb/s compatible with 50 GHz channel spacing and capable of direct detection is suggested using OFDM combined with compatible SSB. Simulation results show a reach well suited for metro applications.
Lessons Learned to Avoid Formation Damage Development During Waste Slurry Injection Operations (2020)

Abstract The injection of oil and gas wastes produced during the exploration and production phases have been proven to be an effective technique toward achieving zero discharge. However, several challenges are associated with the injection of slurry into an underground formation. The most common challenge during waste slurry injection (WSI) is the continuous loss of well injectivity due to poor engineering design of the injection parameters for most of the current existing WSI wells. For the WSI operation, near wellbore formation damage (including the fracture damage) will be formed by the injected solids. The real time injection monitoring of the ongoing operations is important to correct any operational mistake and adjust the injection parameters in order to ensure the well longevity. The paper discusses the importance of injection monitoring and steps necessary to maintain the injectivity and perform a healthy WSI operation. Three different case studies are presented to highlight the operational mistakes that caused a significant formation damage development in injectors in Eagle Ford, Haynesville, and Permian Basin shale plays. Certain guidelines depending on the monitoring results are provided in modifying the slurry rheology, pressure, injection strategy etc. that are helpful in maintaining the injectivity. The presented case studies show that the wells with good monitoring program maintained its injectivity during the course of its operation compared to the other wells that lost its injectivity sooner. The results from different case studies are used to prepare a set of guidelines that can be used to maintain the well injectivity and extend the well life. This paper discusses the techniques that will help in eliminating and avoiding the problems leading to formation damage and well plugging during the WSI operation.
Expression Using Vectors with Phage λ Regulatory Sequences (1990)

In the expression system described here, plasmids (pSKF) utilize regulatory signals--such as the powerful promoter pL--from the bacteriophage lambda. Transcription from pL can be fully repressed and plasmids containing it are thus stabilized by the lambda repressor, cI. The repressor is supplied by an E. coli host which contains a integrated copy of a portion of the lambda genome. This so-called defective lysogen supplies the lambda regulatory proteins cI and N but does not provide the lytic components that would normally lead to cell lysis. Thus, cells carrying these plasmids can be grown initially to high density without expression of the cloned gene and subsequently induced to synthesize the product upon inactivation of the repressor. This system also ensures that pL-directed transcription efficiently traverses any gene insert, which is accomplished by providing the phage lambda antitermination function, N, to the cell and by including on the pL transcription unit a site necessary for N utilization (Nut site). The N protein interacts with and modifies the RNA polymerase at the Nut site so as to block transcription termination at distal sites in the transcription unit. In order to express the coding sequence, efficient ribosome-recognition and translation-initiation sites have been engineered into the pL transcription unit. Expression occurs after temperature or chemical induction inactivates the repressor (see first and second basic protocols). Restriction endonuclease sites for insertion of the desired gene have been introduced both upstream and downstream from an ATG initiation codon. Thus, the system allows either direct expression or indirect expression (via protein fusion) of any coding sequence, thereby potentially allowing expression of any gene insert. Protocols describe direct expression of "authentic" gene products, as well as heterologous genes fused to highly expressed gene partners generates chimeric proteins that differ from the native form. In the latter case, the fusion partner can be removed to obtain an unfused version of the gene product.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity of Benzo[<i>b</i>]pyrano[3,2-<i>h</i>]acridin-7-one Analogues of Acronycine (2000)

Benzo¿băcronycine (6-methoxy-3,3,14-trimethyl-3, 14-dihydro-7H-benzo¿bpyrano¿3,2-hăcridin-7-one, 4), an acronycine analogue with an additional aromatic ring linearly fused on the natural alkaloid basic skeleton, was synthesized in three steps, starting from 3-amino-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (5). Eight 1, 2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrobenzo¿băcronycine esters and diesters (17-24) were obtained by catalytic osmic oxidation, followed by acylation. All these compounds were significantly more cytotoxic than acronycine, when tested against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. The potency of the cyclic carbonate 24 was in the range of the most active drugs currently used in cancer chemotherapy. Two selected diesters (17 and 24) were evaluated in vivo against P388 leukemia and colon 38 adenocarcinoma implanted in mice. Both compounds were markedly active at doses 16-fold lower than the dose of acronycine itself. Against colon 38 adenocarcinoma, compounds 17 and 24 were highly efficient, inhibiting tumor growth by more than 80%. Diacetate 17 was the most active, inhibiting tumor growth by 96% at 6.25 mg/kg, with two of seven mice being tumor-free on day 43.
Tunable lens by spatially varying liquid crystal pretilt angles (2011)

We report a method of obtaining controllable spatially varying liquid crystal pretilt angles using a stacked alignment layer. The stacked alignment layer consists of nano-domains of horizontal and vertical alignment materials. The pretilt angle is controlled by varying the domain ratio of the two layers. By using photoalignment material as the top layer, the pretilt angle can be controlled by varying the UV light dosage. A spatially variable UV light beam can be used to control the pretilt angle spatially. An electrically tunable-focus liquid crystal lens is obtained using this method.
Optimal cryogen spray cooling parameters for pulsed laser treatment of port wine stains (2000)

In the absence of knowledge about the lesion anatomy, using a tau(s) of 100-200 msec and no delay is a good compromise. A delay is justified only when basal layer and target chromophore are relatively deep and the optimal spurt duration cannot be applied, e.g., to avoid frostbite.
Identification of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis merozoite proteins with isolate- and species-common epitopes recognized by antibodies in bovine immune sera (1988)

Immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled antigens with bovine antisera indicated that many Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis merozoite proteins contain isolate-common epitopes, while at least 16 B. bigemina and 8 B. bovis proteins contain species-cross-reactive epitopes. One immunogenic, isolate-common, and species-specific candidate diagnostic protein from each species was identified.
Challenges in Phase Plate Product Development (2014)

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ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF 2‐(SUBSTITUTED PHENYLUREIDO)‐4‐THIOCYANATOBENZOTHIAZOLES (1978)

Abstract 2‐Amino‐4‐thiocyanatobenzothiazole (I) werden mit Arylisocyanaten (II) zu Harnstoffen (III) umgesetzt.
Moderated Mineral Acid Catalysis for Durable-Press Finishing Under Mild-Curing Conditions 1 (1974)

Mineral acids are effective catalysts in mild-cure finishing treatments for producing wrinkle resistance in cotton fabrics. In these treatments fabrics are impregnated with a solution containing an N-methylolated amide crosslinking agent and the catalyst, and heated without predrying, at 60-100°C for a short time. The heating is regulated so that the moisture content of the fibers at the end of the crosslinking treatment is about 3-5%. However, because of the potentially corro sive effect on equipment and the precise control necessary during treatments that utilize mineral acid catalysts, other catalyst systems have been sought. The present approach has been to modify the activity of the mineral acid by in cluding a moderating salt in the catalyst system. Certain acid/salt combinations that provide sufficient catalytic activity for mild-cure finishing were developed. The catalyst systems used were HCl/NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , HCl/NH 4 C 2 H 3 O 2 , and HNO 3 / NH 4 H 2 PO 4 . Treatments utilizing these catalysts gave fabrics with greater strength but lower wrinkle- and chlorine- resistance than those receiving treatments catalyzed by mineral acid alone. Magnitude of the changes varied with concentrations and relative amounts of acid and salt in the catalyst system; quantities for optimum relationships were established.
C-Terminal Invariable Domain of VlsE May Not Serve as Target for Protective Immune Response against<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2001)

VlsE, the variable surface antigen of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, contains two invariable domains, at the amino and carboxyl termini, respectively, which collectively account for approximately one-half of the entire molecule's length and remain unchanged during antigenic variation. It is not known if these two invariable domains are exposed at the surface of either the antigen or the spirochete. If they are exposed at the spirochete's surface, they may elicit a protective immune response against B. burgdorferi and serve as vaccine candidates. In this study, a 51-mer synthetic peptide that reproduced the entire sequence of the C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE was conjugated to the carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin and used to immunize mice. Generated mouse antibody was able to immunoprecipitate native VlsE extracted from cultured B. burgdorferi B31 spirochetes, indicating that the C-terminal invariable domain was exposed at the antigen's surface. However, this domain was inaccessible to antibody binding at the surface of cultured intact spirochetes, as demonstrated by both an immunofluorescence experiment and an in vitro killing assay. Mouse antibody to the C-terminal invariable domain was not able to confer protection against B. burgdorferi infection, indicating that this domain was unlikely exposed at the spirochete's surface in vivo. We concluded that the C-terminal invariable domain was exposed at the antigen's surface but not at the surface of either cultured or in vivo spirochetes and thus cannot elicit protection against B. burgdorferi infection.
Efficiency enhancement in manganese-doped zinc silicate phosphor with AlPO4 substitution (1979)

Large increases in the efficiency of the conventional P1 phosphor (Zn2SiO4 : Mn) have been achieved by substituting various combinations of III and V oxides for SiO2, e.g., Zn2−yMnySi1−2xAlxPxO4. The photoluminescence efficiency of these phosphors exhibit strong dependence on the AlPO4 substitution concentration x having highest efficiency for x=0.5–1.5%. Cathodoluminescence and decay measurements show that such materials can have CL efficiency greater than the commercial zinc silicates and still have comparable persistence characteristics.
A novel group coordination protocol for collaborative multimedia systems (2002)

Group collaboration in distributed multimedia environments extends gradually to larger groups and wide area networks. While reliable multicasting has made significant advancements in recent years, effective mechanisms to synchronize and coordinate work within large multicast groups and across long distances are still lacking. Group coordination is here understood as the mediated access to shared remote resources in synchronous groupwork, as for example in telecollaboration and distributed simulation environments, complementing protocols for group membership, media synchronization and reliable ordered multicast. A comparative analytic model for known classes of group coordination mechanisms, ranging from socially mediated control to floor control in ring and tree topologies, is presented. It is shown that hierarchical group coordination is the most efficient and scalable approach to date. Based on these findings, a novel protocol is described, which dynamically organizes participants in a multilevel control tree and aggregates resource sharing directives on the paths between interacting stations.
Antigenic relationships among the porin proteins of encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae clones (1990)

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) specific for Haemophilus influenzae were generated to identify antigenic determinants shared among encapsulated H. influenzae clones. Sixteen MAbs reacted by Western immunoblot with a protein of an approximate molecular size of 40 kilodaltons corresponding to the P2 major outer membrane protein (porin). These MAbs also reacted with purified and recombinant H. influenzae porin. Fourteen of the MAbs recognized cell surface-exposed epitopes, and two of the MAbs, P2-16 and P2-17, identified epitopes that are not present or are not accessible on the cell surface. The reactivity spectrum of the MAb panel was studied by dot immunoassay against 32 serologically nontypeable and 119 encapsulated H. influenzae strains recovered worldwide, representing the major serotype a, b, and d clone families. MAbs P2-4 and P2-6 recognized only serotype b clones assigned to primary phylogenetic division I. These clones account for more than 99% of all invasive episodes worldwide. MAbs P2-3, P2-8, and P2-11 reacted with division I serotype b isolates and also identified all genetically allied strains expressing serotype a and d polysaccharide capsules. In contrast, none of the 16 MAbs reacted with genetically divergent serotype a or b clones assigned to primary phylogenetic division II. These results demonstrate that, in general, the patterns of P2 protein surface epitope exposure are cognate with genetic lineages of encapsulated H. influenzae strains and support the hypothesis that the population structure of encapsulated H. influenzae is predominantly clonal.
An automated patient recognition method based on an image‐matching technique using previous chest radiographs in the picture archiving and communication system environment (2001)

An automated patient recognition method for correcting "wrong" chest radiographs being stored in a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) environment has been developed. The method is based on an image-matching technique that uses previous chest radiographs. For identification of a "wrong" patient, the correlation value was determined for a previous image of a patient and a new, current image of the presumed corresponding patient. The current image was shifted horizontally and vertically and rotated, so that we could determine the best match between the two images. The results indicated that the correlation values between the current and previous images for the same, "correct" patients were generally greater than those for different, "wrong" patients. Although the two histograms for the same patient and for different patients overlapped at correlation values greater than 0.80, most parts of the histograms were separated. The correlation value was compared with a threshold value that was determined based on an analysis of the histograms of correlation values obtained for the same patient and for different patients. If the current image is considered potentially to belong to a "wrong" patient, then a warning sign with the probability for a "wrong" patient is provided to alert radiology personnel. Our results indicate that at least half of the "wrong" images in our database can be identified correctly with the method described in this study. The overall performance in terms of a receiver operating characteristic curve showed a high performance of the system. The results also indicate that some readings of "wrong" images for a given patient in the PACS environment can be prevented by use of the method we developed. Therefore an automated warning system for patient recognition would be useful in correcting "wrong" images being stored in the PACS environment.
Electrochemical Performance of Li<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>2-y</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>O<sub>4-z</sub>Cl<sub>z</sub>Synthesized through in Situ Glycine Nitrate Combustion (2017)

Lithium manganese oxide spinel is an attractive material for lithium-ion battery cathodes due to its 3D network of lithium pathways within the structure. However this material suffers from limited cyclability as a result of the energy barriers for removing lithium from the octahedral sites and capacity fading as a result of manganese dissociation. This work incorporates chlorine into the lattice of the high surface area material to help assist in lithium deinsertion and can be synthesized for use in less than 8 hours by using the common ceramic synthesis technique of glycine nitrate combustion. The resulting electrochemical cells cycle between 4.5 V and 3.5 V at 1.0 mA cm-2 (10 mA gactive-1) and achieve over 250 cycles while maintaining a capacity of 71 mAh/g, about 98% of the its original capacity. Additionally when cycled to 2.25 V the electrochemical cell is completely reversible and delivered a capacity of 150 mAh/g.
Dadda Multiplier designs using memristors (2017)

Memristors have recently become a leader in future system design due to their unique storage abilities and high density. This work presents an optimized Dadda Multiplier using memristors and IMPLY logic. The design reduces the baseline delay by 30% and complexity by 50% and has fewer than 60% the components of the CMOS design. The design is also pipelined to achieve 3× the throughput of CMOS.
SPATIALLY-MODULATED AUDITORY ALERTS (2003)

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Boston, MA, July 7-9, 2003.
Quantum cascade laser: a unipolar intersubband semiconductor laser (2002)

A new semiconductor injection laser (Quantum Cascade Laser) which differs in a fundamental way from diode lasers has been demonstrated. It relies on only one type of carrier (it is a unipolar semiconductor laser), and on electronic transitions between conduction band energy levels of quantum wells.
Extraction of Power Dissipation Profile in an IC Chip from Temperature Map (2007)

This paper presents a new technique to calculate the power dissipation profile from the IC temperature map using an analogy with image processing and restoration. In this technique, finite element analysis (FEA) is used to find the heat point spread function of the IC chip. Then, the temperature map is used as input for an efficient image restoration algorithm which locates the sources of strong power dissipation non-uniformities. Therefore, for the first time the inverse heat transfer problem was optimally solved, and estimate the IC power map without involving extensive laboratory experiments. This computationally efficient and robust method, unlike some previous techniques in the literature, is applicable to virtually any experimental scenario. Simulation results on a typical commercial IC device confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Recurable Durable-Press Fabrics (1972)

A recurability test, consisting of a standard ironing to impart a crease, followed by laundering and visual rating of the remaining crease, was developed and applied to cotton fabrics which had been treated with combinations of a methylol crosslinking reagent and a polycarboxylic acid. These fabrics were recurable to a much greater extent than fabrics treated with a conventional metal salt catalyst. A series of ten methylol reagents, when used with polycarboxylic acids, showed a direct relationship between recurability and wrinkle-recovery angle in the treated fabrics. Dimethyloidihydro xyethyleneurea was the best of these reagents in both respects.
Optical lace for synthetic afferent neural networks (2019)

While vision dominates sensing in robots, animals with limited vision deftly navigate their environment using other forms of perception such as touch. Efforts have been made to apply artificial skins with tactile sensing to robots for similarly sophisticated mobile and manipulative skills. The ability to functionally mimic the afferent sensory neural network, required for distributed sensing and communication networks throughout the body is still missing. This limitation is partially due to the lack of cointegration of the mechanosensors in the body of the robot. In this paper, lacings of stretchable optical fibers distributed throughout 3D printed elastomer frameworks create a cointegrated body, sensing, and communication network. This soft, functional structure can localize deformation with sub-millimeter positional accuracy (Err = 0.71 mm), and sub-Newton force resolution (~0.3 N).