gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allocation and scheduling algorithms for IEEE 802.14 and MCNS in hybrid fiber coaxial networks (1998)

IEEE 802.14 and MCNS (multimedia cable network system) are two standards developed for the hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) CATV networks. Both standards model an upstream channel as a stream of minislots. But their philosophies on resolving collisions in the shared upstream channel are rather different, where IEEE 802.14 adopts the priority+FIFO first-transmission rule and the n-ary tree retransmission rule, and MCNS adopts the binary exponential backoff algorithm with adjustable window sizes. Both provide reservation access, while IEEE 802.14 and MCNS also support isochronous access and immediate access, respectively. In this paper, we try to prepare a suggestion list for vendors on how to allocate minislots for reservation access and immediate access and how to schedule the reserved bandwidth, which greatly affect the performance of a cable network and are left open by the standards.
Accurate, high-throughput typing of copy number variation using paralogue ratios from dispersed repeats (2006)

Recent work has demonstrated an unexpected prevalence of copy number variation in the human genome, and has highlighted the part this variation may play in predisposition to common phenotypes. Some important genes vary in number over a high range (e.g. DEFB4, which commonly varies between two and seven copies), and have posed formidable technical challenges for accurate copy number typing, so that there are no simple, cheap, high-throughput approaches suitable for large-scale screening. We have developed a simple comparative PCR method based on dispersed repeat sequences, using a single pair of precisely designed primers to amplify products simultaneously from both test and reference loci, which are subsequently distinguished and quantified via internal sequence differences. We have validated the method for the measurement of copy number at DEFB4 by comparison of results from >800 DNA samples with copy number measurements by MAPH/REDVR, MLPA and array-CGH. The new Paralogue Ratio Test (PRT) method can require as little as 10 ng genomic DNA, appears to be comparable in accuracy to the other methods, and for the first time provides a rapid, simple and inexpensive method for copy number analysis, suitable for application to typing thousands of samples in large case-control association studies.
Recent advances in the mechanism of pyridoxine‐responsive disorders (1985)

Pyridoxine metabolism is summarised and speculation on possible defects leading to disease is made. Inherited deficiencies of PLP enzymes, which are known to respond in vivo to pharmacologic doses of pyridoxine are listed. The mechanism of pyridoxine responsiveness in homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency is discussed. There is a correlation in most (but not all) cases between the presence of residual CS activity, which is often stimulated by pyridoxal phosphate much more than control enzyme, in cultured fibroblasts and pyridoxine responsiveness in vivo. Exceptional patients have been found and are discussed in the light of more detailed studies on their cell lines. Clearly defined abnormalities of pyridoxal phosphate binding to mutant enzyme have been demonstrated and evidence of reduced intracellular stability of mutant CS and possible modulation by pyridoxal phosphate is presented. Preliminary findings suggest that the tissue level of pyridoxal phosphate achieved following pyridoxine treatment could be one other factor in determining pyridoxine responsiveness.
Reactive Inkjet Printing of Cathodes for Organic Radical Batteries (2013)

Inkjet printing can be used to manufacture flexible organic radical battery (ORB) electrodes. A reactive printing approach based on the thermal crosslinking of amine bearing redoxactive radical polymers is developed. The printed electrodes are stable for over one hundred charging/discharging cycles.
Ankara Piyasasında Satılan Sosislerde Nitrit Miktarı üzerinde Araştırma (1983)

Bircok ulkelerde ve yurdumuzda 200 ppm olarak siniriandirilan nitrit miktari sisis-salamin teknolojisinde konservatif etkisi, renk ve arama verici ozellikleri nedeniyle kullanilmaktadir. Ankara piyasasinda satilan degisik firmalara ait 50 sosis orneginde saptanan nitrit miktari 20,7 - 265,4 ppm arasindadir. Orneklerin % 28'i 200 ppm uzerinde, % 72'si 200 ppm'in altinda bu~ lunmustur.
Multimodal Analysis of PEI-Mediated Endocytosis of Nanoparticles in Neural Cells (2011)

Polymer nanoparticles are widely used as a highly generalizable tool to entrap a range of different drugs for controlled or site-specific release. However, despite numerous studies examining the kinetics of controlled release, the biological behavior of such nanoparticles remains poorly understood, particularly with respect to endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. We synthesized polyethylenimine-decorated polymer nanospheres (ca. 100-250 nm) of the type commonly used for drug release and used correlated electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, and relaxometry to track endocytosis in neural cells. These capabilities provide insight into how polyethylenimine mediates the entry of nanoparticles into neural cells and show that polymer nanosphere uptake involves three distinct steps, namely, plasma membrane attachment, fluid-phase as well as clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis, and progressive accumulation in membrane-bound intracellular vesicles. These findings provide detailed insight into how the intracellular delivery of nanoparticles is mediated by polyethylenimine, which is presently the most commonly used nonviral gene transfer agent. This fundamental knowledge may also assist in the preparation of next-generation nonviral vectors.
Oxidative Stress as a Regulator of Gene Expression in the Vasculature (1999)

Oxidative stress and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In excess, ROS and their byproducts that are capable of causing oxidative damage may be cytotoxic to cells. However, it is now well established that moderate amounts of ROS play a role in signal transduction processes such as cell growth and posttranslational modification of proteins. Oxidants, antioxidants, and other determinants of the intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Recent insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis suggest that this disease may be viewed as an inflammatory disease linked to an abnormality in oxidation-mediated signals in the vasculature. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the notion that oxidative stress and the production of ROS function as physiological regulators of vascular gene expression mediated via specific redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks. Elucidating, at the molecular level, the regulatory processes involved in redox-sensitive vascular gene expression represents a foundation not only for understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases but also for the development of novel therapeutic treatment strategies.
Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators (2011)

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high product quality. Although pesticides are developed through very strict regulation processes to function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment, serious concerns have been raised about health risks resulting from occupational exposure and from residues in food and drinking water. Occupational exposure to pesticides often occurs in the case of agricultural workers in open fields and greenhouses, workers in the pesticide industry, and exterminators of house pests. Exposure of the general population to pesticides occurs primarily through eating food and drinking water contaminated with pesticide residues, whereas substantial exposure can also occur in or around the home. Regarding the adverse effects on the environment (water, soil and air contamination from leaching, runoff, and spray drift, as well as the detrimental effects on wildlife, fish, plants, and other non-target organisms), many of these effects depend on the toxicity of the pesticide, the measures taken during its application, the dosage applied, the adsorption on soil colloids, the weather conditions prevailing after application, and how long the pesticide persists in the environment. Therefore, the risk assessment of the impact of pesticides either on human health or on the environment is not an easy and particularly accurate process because of differences in the periods and levels of exposure, the types of pesticides used (regarding toxicity and persistence), and the environmental characteristics of the areas where pesticides are usually applied. Also, the number of the criteria used and the method of their implementation to assess the adverse effects of pesticides on human health could affect risk assessment and would possibly affect the characterization of the already approved pesticides and the approval of the new compounds in the near future. Thus, new tools or techniques with greater reliability than those already existing are needed to predict the potential hazards of pesticides and thus contribute to reduction of the adverse effects on human health and the environment. On the other hand, the implementation of alternative cropping systems that are less dependent on pesticides, the development of new pesticides with novel modes of action and improved safety profiles, and the improvement of the already used pesticide formulations towards safer formulations (e.g., microcapsule suspensions) could reduce the adverse effects of farming and particularly the toxic effects of pesticides. In addition, the use of appropriate and well-maintained spraying equipment along with taking all precautions that are required in all stages of pesticide handling could minimize human exposure to pesticides and their potential adverse effects on the environment.
Calcium-Mediated Mechanisms in Chemically Induced Cell Death (1992)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Ki-67 predicts outcome in advanced-stage mantle cell lymphoma patients treated with anti-CD20 immunochemotherapy: results from randomized trials of the European MCL Network and the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (2007)

Clinical outcome of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is highly heterogeneous. Tumor cell proliferation as assessed by the Ki-67 index has been shown to yield prognostic information on MCL in many studies using heterogeneously treated patient cohorts. The prognostic value of the Ki-67 index in patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy has not been studied so far. We analyzed the Ki-67 index at primary diagnosis in 249 advanced-stage MCL patients treated within randomized trials. Ki-67 showed high prognostic relevance for overall survival (relative risk 1.27 for 10% higher Ki-67, P < .001), also independently from clinical prognostic factors. The 3 groups with different Ki-67 index of less than 10%, 10% to less than 30%, and 30% or more showed significantly different overall survival in patients treated with CHOP (P = .001) as well as in patients treated with CHOP in combination with anti-CD20 therapy (R-CHOP, P = .013). Thus, the Ki-67 index remains an important prognostic marker in the era of anti-CD20 therapy. The Euro-pean MCL study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00016887.
Fourier Transform Infrared Evolved Gas Analysis: Additional Considerations and Options (1981)

The technique of Fourier transform infrared evolved gas analysis described previously has been expanded both with respect to data processing options and to application areas. In this paper several of these additional options and applications are described. For improved qualitative and quantitative capabilities, smoothing and integration have been found beneficial. The use of interferometric processing permits compound specific profiles to be generated quickly. By considering reaction properties, the operations of spectral subtraction and factor analysis can be shown to yield information on both reaction stoichiometries and the number of reactions occurring vs temperature. In the area of applications, the examination of polymer chain length, functional group analysis, and intermolecular interactions are discussed.
High-power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for Ka-band applications (2005)

We report on the fabrication and high-frequency characterization of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In devices with a gate length of 160 nm, a record power density of 10.5 W/mm with 34% power added efficiency (PAE) has been measured at 40 GHz in MOCVD-grown HEMTs biased at V/sub DS/=30 V. Under similar bias conditions, more than 8.6 W/mm, with 32% PAE, were obtained on the MBE-grown sample. The dependence of output power, gain, and PAE on gate and drain voltages, and frequency have also been analyzed.
Picomolar selective detection of mercuric ion (Hg<sup>2 +</sup>) using a functionalized single plasmonic gold nanoparticle (2010)

A highly sensitive method for the selective detection and quantification of mercuric ions (Hg(2+)) using single plasmonic gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based dark-field microspectroscopy (DFMS) is demonstrated. The method is based on the scattering property of a single GNP that is functionalized with thiolated molecules, which is altered when analytes bind to the functionalized GNP. The spectral resolution of the system is 0.26 nm and a linear response to Hg(2+) was found in the dynamic range of 100 pM-10 microM. The method permits Hg(2+) to be detected at the picomolar level, which is a remarkable reduction in the detection limit, considering the currently proscribed Environmental Protection Agency regulation level (10 nM, or 2 ppb) and the detection limits of other optical methods for detecting Hg(2+) (recently approx. 1-10 nM). In addition, Hg(2+) can be sensitively detected in the presence of Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+) and Ni(2+), which do not interfere with the analysis. Based on the findings reported herein, it is likely that single-nanoparticle-based metal ion sensing can be extended to the development of other chemo- and biosensors for the direct detection of specific targets in an intracellular environment as well as in environmental monitoring.
Current ZP3-based immunocontraceptive vaccine for free ranging wild pest. (2011)

There is an overabundance of certain animal species that are considered as destructive and have reproductive control acts as a humane management of pest population. In particular, mammalian zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) has provoked a great interest as a potential antigen for immunocontraception. High levels of long-term infertility have been achieved in many species following ZP3-based immunization. This paper discusses the current updates on the ZP3-based immunocontraception for several major pest species of the world.
Shape and Texture Based Countermeasure to Protect Face Recognition Systems against Mask Attacks (2013)

Photographs, videos or masks can be used to spoof face recognition systems. In this paper, a countermeasure is proposed to protect face recognition systems against 3D mask attacks. The reason for the lack of studies on countermeasures against mask attacks is mainly due to the unavailability of public databases dedicated to mask attack. In this study, a 2D+3D mask attacks database is used that is prepared for a research project in which the authors are all involved. The proposed countermeasure is based on the fusion of the information extracted from both the texture and the depth images in the mask database, and provides satisfactory results to protect recognition systems against mask attacks. Another contribution of this study is that the countermeasure is integrated to the selected baseline systems for 2D and 3D face recognition, which provides to analyze the performances of the systems with/without attacks and with/without the countermeasure.
Arrow R-CNN for handwritten diagram recognition (2021)

Abstract We address the problem of offline handwritten diagram recognition. Recently, it has been shown that diagram symbols can be directly recognized with deep learning object detectors. However, object detectors are not able to recognize the diagram structure. We propose Arrow R-CNN, the first deep learning system for joint symbol and structure recognition in handwritten diagrams. Arrow R-CNN extends the Faster R-CNN object detector with an arrow head and tail keypoint predictor and a diagram-aware postprocessing method. We propose a network architecture and data augmentation methods targeted at small diagram datasets. Our diagram-aware postprocessing method addresses the insufficiencies of standard Faster R-CNN postprocessing. It reconstructs a diagram from a set of symbol detections and arrow keypoints. Arrow R-CNN improves state-of-the-art substantially: on a scanned flowchart dataset, we increase the rate of recognized diagrams from 37.7 to 78.6%.
Adaptive parameter compensation for robust hands-free speech recognition using a dual beamforming microphone array (2002)

This paper proposes a parameter compensation technique to improve the performance of hands-free speech recognition in noisy environments. The technique employs a microphone array to perform spatial filtering on the noisy input signals. A dual beamformer is used to form an estimate of both the desired speech signal and also the combined noise signals. Additional enhancement to the desired signal features is performed using the estimated noise feature vectors. The parameter compensation is seen to provide significant performance improvement in a simple speech recognition application.
Estrogen regulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system in protection against angiotensin II-induced sensitization of hypertension (2014)

This study investigated sex differences in the sensitization of angiotensin (ANG) II-induced hypertension and the role of central estrogen and ANG-(1-7) in this process. Male and female rats were implanted for telemetered blood pressure (BP) recording. A subcutaneous subpressor dose of ANG II was given alone or concurrently with intracerebroventricular estrogen, ANG-(1-7), an ANG-(1-7) receptor antagonist A-779 or vehicle for 1 wk (induction). After a 1-wk rest (delay), a pressor dose of ANG II was given for 2 wk (expression). In males and ovariectomized females, subpressor ANG II had no sustained effect on BP during induction, but produced an enhanced hypertensive response to the subsequent pressor dose of ANG II during expression. Central administration of estrogen or ANG-(1-7) during induction blocked ANG II-induced sensitization. In intact females, subpressor ANG II treatment produced a decrease in BP during induction and delay, and subsequent pressor ANG II treatment given during expression produced only a slight but significant increase in BP. However, central blockade of ANG-(1-7) by intracerebroventricular infusion of A-779 during induction restored the decreased BP observed in females during induction and enhanced the pressor response to the ANG II treatment during expression. RT-PCR analyses indicated that estrogen given during induction upregulated mRNA expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) antihypertensive components, whereas both central estrogen and ANG-(1-7) downregulated mRNA expression of RAS hypertensive components in the lamina terminalis. The results indicate that females are protected from ANG II-induced sensitization through central estrogen and its regulation of brain RAS.
Refactoring - improving coupling and cohesion of existing code (2005)

Refactorings are widely recognised as ways to improve the internal structure of object-oriented software while maintaining its external behaviour. Unfortunately, refactorings concentrate on the treatment of symptoms (the so called code-smells), thus improvements depend a lot on the skills of the maintained coupling and cohesion on the other hand are quality attributes which are generally recognized as being among the most likely quantifiable indicators for software maintainability. Therefore, this paper analyzes how refactorings manipulate coupling/cohesion characteristics, and how to identify refactoring opportunities that improve these characteristics. As such we provide practical guidelines for the optimal usage of refactoring in a software maintenance process.
Are fetuses that fail to achieve their growth potential at increased risk of intrapartum compromise? (2014)

Fetuses that failed to achieve their growth potential (defined as CPR < 0.6765 MoM) were at increased risk of intrapartum compromise and were less likely to be delivered vaginally. However, a low negative predictive value was observed for fetal compromise and further studies are required to support the translation of this technique into clinical practice.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) with grafted 4-vinylpyridine polymer side chains for pH-sensitive microfiltration membranes (2002)

The thermally induced molecular graft copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) with ozone-preactivated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was carried out in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution to produce 4VP-g-PVDF copolymers. The chemical composition and structure of the 4VP-g-PVDF copolymers were characterized by element analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In general, the graft concentration of the 4VP polymer in the 4VP-g-PVDF copolymer increased with the [4VP]/[PVDF] molar feed ratio used for the graft copolymerization. Microfiltration (MF) membranes were prepared by phase inversion in aqueous solutions of different pH values and from copolymers of different graft concentrations. The surface composition of the copolymer MF membranes was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A significant surface enrichment of the more hydrophilic 4VP side chains was observed. The surface morphology of the MF membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pore size and pore size distribution of the 4VP-g-PVDF MF membranes were measured using a Coulter Porometer II apparatus. The flux of the aqueous solutions through the 4VP-g-PVDF MF membranes exhibited a pH-dependent behavior, due to the interactions of the pyridine groups of the grafted 4VP chains with the aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding and protonation.