gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Agr-Like Quorum Sensing System Is Required for Pathogenesis of Necrotic Enteritis Caused by Clostridium perfringens in Poultry (2017)

<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> encodes at least two different quorum sensing (QS) systems, the Agr-like and LuxS, and recent studies have highlighted their importance in the regulation of toxin production and virulence. The role of QS in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry and the regulation of NetB, the key toxin involved, has not yet been investigated. We have generated isogenic <i>agrB</i>-null and complemented strains from parent strain CP1 and demonstrated that the virulence of the <i>agrB</i>-null mutant was strongly attenuated in a chicken NE model system and restored by complementation. The production of NetB, a key NE-associated toxin, was dramatically reduced in the <i>agrB</i> mutant at both the transcriptional and protein levels, though not in a <i>luxS</i> mutant. Transwell assays confirmed that the Agr-like QS system controls NetB production through a diffusible signal. Global gene expression analysis of the <i>agrB</i> mutant identified additional genes modulated by Agr-like QS, including operons related to phospholipid metabolism and adherence, which may also play a role in NE pathogenesis. This study provides the first evidence that the Agr-like QS system is critical for NE pathogenesis and identifies a number of Agr-regulated genes, most notably <i>netB</i>, that are potentially involved in mediating its effects. The Agr-like QS system thus may serve as a target for developing novel interventions to prevent NE in chickens.
Haem degradation in animals and plants (2002)

Two enzyme systems have evolved for the reduction of linear tetrapyrroles: one family, found in plants, algae and cyanobacteria, uses ferredoxin and catalyses the reduction of the terminal pyrrole rings (A and D) and one of the vinyl side chains to form various light-harvesting and light-sensing chromophores. The other group (biliverdin reductases A and B) utilize NAD(P)H and catalyse reduction at C10 (hydride addition) to form the 'bile' pigments bilirubin-IX alpha and bilirubin-IX.
Characterization of SgcE6, the flavin reductase component supporting FAD-dependent halogenation and hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027 (2009)

The C-1027 enediyne antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces globisporus possesses an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-beta-tyrosine moiety, the chloro- and hydroxy-substituents of which are installed by a flavin-dependent halogenase SgcC3 and monooxygenase SgcC, respectively. Interestingly, a single flavin reductase, SgcE6, can provide reduced flavin to both enzymes. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that, similar to other flavin reductases involved in natural product biosynthesis, SgcE6 belongs to the HpaC-like subfamily of the Class I flavin reductases. The present study describes the steady-state kinetic characterization of SgcE6 as a strictly NADH- and FAD-specific enzyme.
Analysis of human monoclonal antibodies derived from lymphocytes of patients with cancer. (1984)

Human lymphocytes from tumor-bearing patients and normal individuals have been fused with the NS-1 mouse myeloma line or the LICR -LON- HMY2 ( LICR -2) or SK0 -007 human cell lines. For a given number of lymphocytes, fusions with NS-1 produced 8 times more clones than fusions with LICR -2 and greater than 20 times more clones than fusions with SK0 -007. The percentage of clones that secrete human immunoglobulin (Ig) and the range of Ig production were comparable for clones derived from the three myeloma/lymphoblastoid lines. Clones derived from fusions with LICR -2 and SK0 -007 were found to secrete new species of light and heavy Ig chains in addition to those of the myeloma/lymphoblastoid lines, and clones derived from fusions with NS-1 secreted human Ig and contained both mouse and human chromosomes, which indicates that true hybrid cells were derived from fusions with each of the myeloma/lymphoblastoid lines under study. The stability of Ig production was similar for clones derived from fusions with NS-1, LICR -2, or SK0 -007; these results were comparable to those obtained with standard mouse/mouse hybrids. Stable clones producing human monoclonal antibodies that react with cell surface, cytoplasmic, cytoskeletal, nuclear, or nucleolar antigens have been isolated from tumor-bearing patients and normal individuals. A number of human monoclonal antibodies reactive with cytoskeletal antigens appear to be directed against components of the intermediate filament family. Techniques for the production of human monoclonal antibody appear to be sufficiently advanced to initiate a serological dissection of the humoral immune response to cancer.
Hypopyon following laser iridotomy. (1984)

Two patients who had laser iridotomy performed for pupillary block glaucoma developed hypopyon following surgery. One case had iris bombé with rubeosis iridis, and the other had chronic angle closure glaucoma. Factors contributing to inflammation and possible hypopyon following laser iridotomy are discussed.
Structural Characterization of Semen Coagulum-Derived SEM1(86–107) Amyloid Fibrils That Enhance HIV-1 Infection (2014)

SEM1(86-107) is a 22-residue peptide corresponding to residues 86-107 in the semenogelin I protein. SEM1(86-107) is an abundant component of freshly liquefied semen and forms amyloid fibrils capable of enhancing HIV infection. To probe the factors affecting fibril formation and gain a better understanding of how differences in pH between semen and vaginal fluid affect fibril stability, this study determined the effect of pH on SEM1(86-107) fibril formation and dissociation. The SEM1(86-107) fibril structure (i.e., residues that comprise the fibrillar core) was also probed using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) and hydroxyl radical-mediated protein modification. The average percent exposure to hydroxyl radical-mediated modification in the SEM1(86-107) fibrils was determined without requiring tandem mass spectrometry spectral acquisition or complete separation of modified peptides. It was found that the residue exposures calculated from HDXMS and hydroxyl radical-mediated modification were similar. These techniques demonstrated that three regions of SEM1(86-107) comprise the amyloid fibril core and that positively charged residues are exposed, suggesting that electrostatic interactions between SEM1(86-107) and HIV or the cell surface may be responsible for mediating HIV infection enhancement by the SEM1(86-107) fibrils.
α-Conotoxin Dendrimers Have Enhanced Potency and Selectivity for Homomeric Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2015)

Covalently attached peptide dendrimers can enhance binding affinity and functional activity. Homogenous di- and tetravalent dendrimers incorporating the α7-nicotinic receptor blocker α-conotoxin ImI (α-ImI) with polyethylene glycol spacers were designed and synthesized via a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of azide-modified α-ImI to an alkyne-modified polylysine dendron. NMR and CD structural analysis confirmed that each α-ImI moiety in the dendrimers had the same 3D structure as native α-ImI. The binding of the α-ImI dendrimers to binding protein Ac-AChBP was measured by surface plasmon resonance and revealed enhanced affinity. Quantitative electrophysiology showed that α-ImI dendrimers had ∼100-fold enhanced potency at hα7 nAChRs (IC50 = 4 nM) compared to native α-ImI (IC50 = 440 nM). In contrast, no significant potency enhancement was observed at heteromeric hα3β2 and hα9α10 nAChRs. These findings indicate that multimeric ligands can significantly enhance conotoxin potency and selectivity at homomeric nicotinic ion channels.
Exploiting Exosomes in Cancer Liquid Biopsies and Drug Delivery (2019)

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that transfer molecular cargo from donor to recipient cells and mediate intercellular communication. Advancement in elucidating the biological capabilities and functionalities of exosomes has revealed the striking roles of exosomes as conveyors of bioactive molecules across the biological barriers. Tumor-derived exosomes hold great promise to serve as a liquid biopsy tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as large quantities of exosomes are excreted by tumor cells continuously into the circulation, carrying the molecular cargo (DNA, RNA, proteins) reflective of the genetic and signaling alterations in tumor cells. Two inherent characteristics of exosomes offer important opportunities for drug delivery: their superb transcellular permeability and biocompatibility. Exosomes are uniquely capable of encapsulating a variety of payloads and deliver them to the target tissues. This review discusses the potential of tumor-derived exosomes in cancer liquid biopsies as well as the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the recent progress of developing exosomes as highly versatile and efficient drug carriers is also summarized.
Nutrition and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Significance of Cholesterol (2012)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that ranges in severity from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered to be associated with hepatic metabolic disorders, resulting in overaccumulation of fatty acids/triglycerides and cholesterol. The pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD are generally explained by the "two-hit theory." Most studies of lipid metabolism in the NAFLD liver have focused on the metabolism of fatty acids/triglycerides; therefore, the impact of cholesterol metabolism is still ambiguous. In this paper, we review recent studies on NAFLD from the viewpoint of hepatic lipid metabolism-associated factors and discuss the impact of disordered cholesterol metabolism in the etiology of NAFLD. The clinical significance of managing cholesterol metabolism, an option for the treatment of NAFLD, is also discussed.
Regulation and Co‐Ordination of Nuclear Gene Expression During Mitochondrial Biogenesis (2003)

Biogenesis of mitochondria is happening constantly due to the physiological and developmental situation of a cell. As mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process producing about 20 % of cellular protein, the expression of the 1000 genes involved is expected to be coordinated and regulated tightly. The variety of physiological stimuli and differentiation states lead to the idea of a complex network connecting many different regulatory pathways. By analysing nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes some of the factors involved in the regulation and coordination of mitochondrial gene expression were identified. These factors include general transcription factors such as Sp1 or YY1, as well as transcription factors specific for mitochondrial genes like the nuclear respiratory factors NRF1 and 2. An important control function linked to the physiological situation of a cell is triggered by hormones such as steroid and thyroid hormones. Even cell type-specific regulatory proteins like the myogenin transcription factor family have a strong influence on some mitochondrial genes in the specific cellular background. The regulatory function of most of these proteins can be modulated and enhanced by the coactivators PGC-1a and b and PRC. Although regulatory pathways have been characterized in more detail in recent years, no regulation mechanism has been shown to work on all analysed mitochondrial genes, and the general concept of mitochondrial regulation still remains unclear.
Supporting Salespersons Through Location Based Mobile Applications and Services (2006)

The paper aims at assessing how mobile location applications and services can support salespersons, for greater performance when they are operating within a mobile work environment. After briefly discussing the state of the art issues associated with mobile location technologies, the paper conceptualises key dimensions of location-based mobile support. The paper then suggests a categorization of salespersons tasks based on both properties of location-based mobile support and the areas of salespersons tasks that may be affected by mobile location technologies. A third section suggests potential mobile location services and applications that can support salespersons in performing effectively their everyday tasks and links such applications to the determinant of salespersons’ performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of a number of critical issues such as salespersons privacy, risk of information overload, autonomy and some core areas of further research.
Spatial atomic layer deposition on flexible porous substrates: ZnO on anodic aluminum oxide films and Al2O3 on Li ion battery electrodes (2015)

Spatial atomic layer deposition (S-ALD) was examined on flexible porous substrates utilizing a rotating cylinder reactor to perform the S-ALD. S-ALD was first explored on flexible polyethylene terephthalate polymer substrates to obtain S-ALD growth rates on flat surfaces. ZnO ALD with diethylzinc and ozone as the reactants at 50 °C was the model S-ALD system. ZnO S-ALD was then performed on nanoporous flexible anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films. ZnO S-ALD in porous substrates depends on the pore diameter, pore aspect ratio, and reactant exposure time that define the gas transport. To evaluate these parameters, the Zn coverage profiles in the pores of the AAO films were measured using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). EDS measurements were conducted for different reaction conditions and AAO pore geometries. Substrate speeds and reactant pulse durations were defined by rotating cylinder rates of 10, 100, and 200 revolutions per minute (RPM). AAO pore diameters of 10, 25, 50, and 100 nm were utilized with a pore length of 25 μm. Uniform Zn coverage profiles were obtained at 10 RPM and pore diameters of 100 nm. The Zn coverage was less uniform at higher RPM values and smaller pore diameters. These results indicate that S-ALD into porous substrates is feasible under certain reaction conditions. S-ALD was then performed on porous Li ion battery electrodes to test S-ALD on a technologically important porous substrate. Li0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 electrodes on flexible metal foil were coated with Al2O3 using 2–5 Al2O3 ALD cycles. The Al2O3 ALD was performed in the S-ALD reactor at a rotating cylinder rate of 10 RPM using trimethylaluminum and ozone as the reactants at 50 °C. The capacity of the electrodes was then tested versus number of charge–discharge cycles. These measurements revealed that the Al2O3 S-ALD coating on the electrodes enhanced the capacity stability. This S-ALD process could be extended to roll-to-roll operation for the commercialization of S-ALD for coating Li ion battery electrodes.
Jean-Luc Migué : Étatisme et déclin du Québec. Bilan de la Révolution tranquille. Montréal, Varia, coll. « Histoire et société », 247 p. (1999)

Jean-Luc Migué : Étatisme et déclin du Québec. Bilan de la Révolution tranquille. Montréal, Varia, coll. « Histoire et société », 247 p.. Un article de la revue Globe (Relire la révolution tranquille) diffusée par la plateforme Érudit.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in the Presence of Composite Catalysts with Different Types of Active Cobalt (2013)

The use of different types of active cobalt affects the basic parameters of the catalytic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, including the yield of isoparaffins or olefins.
Pixel sieve method for secret sharing & visual cryptography (2010)

Secret sharing and visual cryptography although they are two different type of cryptographic methods most of the time they are used together. In this paper a method is proposed which combines visual cryptography with secret sharing for encryption of visually represented information. The image is decrypted from the shares on the screen of the computer.
Anterior optic nerve blood flow in experimental optic atrophy. (1985)

This study attempts to establish whether neurogenic optic atrophy induces changes in anterior optic nerve circulation and to determine how noninvasive techniques of measuring blood flow in vivo compare to microsphere distribution. Five cats underwent unilateral optic nerve transection in the orbital apex and a sham procedure in the contralateral eye. Two to three months later, no abnormalities were detected by fluorescein angiography. Laser Doppler measurements demonstrated a 53% decrease in red blood cell speed through the capillaries of the atrophic optic nerve heads in vivo. Optic disk reflectance measurements of anterior optic nerve blood volume in vivo demonstrated a 51% decrease in the estimated blood volume of the capillaries in atrophic optic nerve heads. Flow was calculated on the basis of these noninvasive measurements and demonstrated an average decrease of 74% in optic atrophy. Histologic studies of microsphere distribution demonstrated an average decrease of 80% in flow to the anterior optic nerve in optic atrophy. These results suggest that anterior optic nerve blood flow is significantly reduced in primary neurogenic optic atrophy. This study also demonstrates that the noninvasive measurements of blood flow are substantiated by histologic evaluation of microsphere distribution.
Investigating the Feasibility of Near Real-Time Music Transcription on Mobile Devices (2008)

Converting music from an audio signal into its abstract (notated) form is an ex-tremely complex task. With increased processing power comes the possibility of more complex, and accurate, analysis. The aim of this project is to investigate the feasibility of developing a system designed to run in near-real time on mobile devices, which have limited processing power. Two analysis techniques are de-scribed: a windowed Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) technique, and a sliding window DFT, both of which are well-defined and computationally efficient. Com-putationally expensive techniques, such as wavelets, are not considered, as their processing requirements are prohibitively high for mobile devices. Ultimately in the transcription of audio signals, there is a trade-off between accuracy and processing requirements; the goal, then, is to maximise accuracy and minimise the computation needed. To attain this goal and determine the feasibility of developing a mobile system for transcription, a modular prototype system was developed for desktop computers, and is fully explained in this project. Through experiments conducted using this prototype system, it is shown that a system capable of automatically transcribing music within the context of a mobile device is certainly feasible.
A New Approach to Streambed Modeling and Simulation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (2008)

Realistic three-dimensional computer models of natural streams and rivers have become a priority for many civil works researchers, particularly in light of the exorbitant costs associated with typical stream restoration. Fortunately, the rapid advances and availability of high performance computing resources along with the increased sophistication of both in-house and commercial software have made the creation of such models significantly more tenable. In light of these needs, the objectives for this research include: 1) the creation of realistic representations of naturally occurring streambeds from potentially coarse sets of field measurements; 2) the demonstrated capability to freely deform the streambed surface as well as embed complex objects within the surface (rocks, fallen trees, etc.); 3) the ability to successfully mesh the surface and its surrounding volume in accordance with established mesh quality criteria; and 4) the ability to obtain sufficiently resolved flow field solutions utilizing HPC resources. Beginning with a coarse set of field data measurements taken from one of four study sites along a 1.5-mile stretch along the Robinson Restoration project of the Merced River, California, we will demonstrate, for each objective stated, the respective challenges, solution strategies, and resulting outcomes. Flow field solutions are conducted using parallelized finite element/volume solvers.
Inflammatory and immune responses are impaired in mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1. (1993)

Gene targeting was used to produce mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or CD54, an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule that binds beta 2 integrins. Homozygous deficient animals develop normally, are fertile, and have a moderate granulocytosis. The nature of the mutation, RNA analysis, and immunostaining are consistent with complete loss of surface expression of ICAM-1. Deficient mice exhibit prominent abnormalities of inflammatory responses including impaired neutrophil emigration in response to chemical peritonitis and decreased contact hypersensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Mutant cells provided negligible stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, although they proliferated normally as responder cells. These mutant animals will be extremely valuable for examining the role of ICAM-1 and its counterreceptors in inflammatory disease processes and atherosclerosis.
Improving Two-Way Ranging Precision with Phase-offset Measurements. (2006)

Two-way ranging (TWR) based on time-of-arrival (TOA) provides a viable ranging solution that does not necessitate clock synchronization among the devices in an ad-hoc network. However, the accuracy of TOA-based solutions suffer from the finite sampling clock-frequency resolution. This paper introduces a novel technique of improving the accuracy of TWR using additional phase-offset ranging measurements. These additional ranging measurements are performed at n/N, n =1 , ··· ,N − 1 clock-period phase-offsets introduced in the device that initiates the ranging measurement. It has been analytically shown that the appropriate use of the differences between the time of arrival (in clock cycles) estimated without and with n/N, n = 1, ··· ,N − 1 clock-period phase-offset reduces the sampling- clock uncertainty due to the finite resolution of the clock. The improved performance obtained is equivalent to the use of N times higher sampling clock frequency. Our analytical results are further corroborated by simulations. Index Terms— Ranging, local positioning systems, unbiased estimator, confidence interval
Frequency offset tolerance between optical source and delay interferometer in DPSK and DQPSK systems (2004)

We assess, both by measurement and simulation, the receiver performance degradation caused by frequency offsets between the optical source and the delay interferometer for NRZ and RZ, DPSK and DQPSK systems.
Inhibition of CD4/p56lck signaling by a dominant negative mutant of the Shc adaptor protein. (1995)

T-cell antigen receptor stimulation results in phosphorylation of the SH2 containing Shc proteins and recruitment of the Grb2/mSos complex suggesting that Shc proteins are involved in transducing T-cell activating signals to Ras. We have measured the effects of the isolated Shc-SH2 domain and the dominant negative RasN17 protein on activation of the T-cell specific transcription factor NF-AT. The isolated Shc-SH2 domain was designed to compete with endogenous Shc binding to upstream tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and to interfere with coupling to regulators of Ras activation. We have demonstrated that both the Shc-SH2 domain and the RasN17 protein significantly inhibited NF-AT activation by the CD4 coreceptor and the CD4 associated tyrosine kinase p56lck. In contrast, only the RasN17 protein reduced NF-AT activation by the TCR/CD3 complex. Furthermore, tyrosine kinase activity and p56lck protein were found in complexes immunoprecipitated with Shc specific antisera after CD4 triggering but not after CD3 triggering. These results indicate that both CD4 and CD3 signal to Ras and that this signaling is mediated by independent pathways of activation of the Shc adaptor protein.