gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of ultra-precision micro-cavity measurement technique in HIT-UOI (2010)

Micro cavities with high aspect ratio are widely used in different fields including aerospace and defense industries with the development of manufacturing technology. So how to measure the dimension of these cavities has become one of the major research subjects in the field of measurement and instrument. This paper describes some activities of the precision micro cavity measurement technique in Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument (UOI), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT). The key issue of micro cavity measurement in UOI is called touch-trigger measurement method. The first scheme is double optical fiber coupling, in which light coming from the incident optical fiber is transmitted in the reversal direction via the optical fiber coupling into the effluent optical fiber, the lateral displacement of the touch-trigger sensor is transformed into the deflexion of light coming out from the effluent optical fiber, and the deflexion is transformed into an image signal by the object lens and CCD capturing system. And the second scheme is micro focal-length collimation, in which a fiber stem with a ball mounted on its end is used as a probe and a small segment of it is used as a cylindrical lens to collimate a point light source and image it to a camera, the deflection of the fiber stem can be inferred from the change in image acquired by the camera with ultrahigh displacement sensitivity. Experiments for these activities will be given with a focus on the measurement results and repeatability uncertainty.
Nanocrystal silicon light emitting devices (2006)

An electrically driven light emission from silicon is a long-standing problem in silicon photonics. Recently, significant progress has been made using silicon quantum dots embedded in silicon nitride thin films, transparent doping layers and electrodes, and surface modified structures. This paper provides an overview of progress in the device physics and fabrications of the nanocrystal silicon light emitting diodes including new device structures to improve the light extraction efficiency as well as highlights in growth of silicon quantum dots and their quantum confinement effects.
Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging of dynamic atrioventricular delay programming in a patient with left bundle branch block (2021)

The response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is determined by various factors, including left ventricular (LV) lead location, atrioventricular (AV) delay, and inter-/intraventricular delays. Advances in quadripolar lead technology and device algorithms have improved patient response, yet selection of optimal settings remains challenging. Studies have shown acute improvement in electrical synchrony with manual AV optimization by fusion optimized intervals1,2; automated device algorithms, for example AdaptivCRT (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN),3 SmartDelay (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA),4 and SyncAVTM (Abbott, Sylmar, CA)5; and pacing from multiple LV lead electrodes with MultiPoint Pacing (MPP).
Dynamic Culturing of Cartilage Tissue: The Significance of Hydrostatic Pressure (2012)

Human articular cartilage functions under a wide range of mechanical loads in synovial joints, where hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the prevalent actuating force. We hypothesized that the formation of engineered cartilage can be augmented by applying such physiologic stimuli to chondrogenic cells or stem cells, cultured in hydrogels, using custom-designed HP bioreactors. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of distinct HP regimens on cartilage formation in vitro by either human nasal chondrocytes (HNCs) or human adipose stem cells (hASCs) encapsulated in gellan gum (GG) hydrogels. To this end, we varied the frequency of low HP, by applying pulsatile hydrostatic pressure or a steady hydrostatic pressure load to HNC-GG constructs over a period of 3 weeks, and evaluated their effects on cartilage tissue-engineering outcomes. HNCs (10×10(6) cells/mL) were encapsulated in GG hydrogels (1.5%) and cultured in a chondrogenic medium under three regimens for 3 weeks: (1) 0.4 MPa Pulsatile HP; (2) 0.4 MPa Steady HP; and (3) Static. Subsequently, we applied the pulsatile regimen to hASC-GG constructs and varied the amplitude of loading, by generating both low (0.4 MPa) and physiologic (5 MPa) HP levels. hASCs (10×10(6) cells/mL) were encapsulated in GG hydrogels (1.5%) and cultured in a chondrogenic medium under three regimens for 4 weeks: (1) 0.4 MPa Pulsatile HP; (2) 5 MPa Pulsatile HP; and (3) Static. In the HNC study, the best tissue development was achieved by the pulsatile HP regimen, whereas in the hASC study, greater chondrogenic differentiation and matrix deposition were obtained for physiologic loading, as evidenced by gene expression of aggrecan, collagen type II, and sox-9; metachromatic staining of cartilage extracellular matrix; and immunolocalization of collagens. We thus propose that both HNCs and hASCs detect and respond to physical forces, thus resembling joint loading, by enhancing cartilage tissue development in a frequency- and amplitude-dependant manner.
Modelling of a pressure wave supercharger including external exhaust gas recirculation (2002)

This paper presents a mean value model of a pressure wave supercharger together with a spark ignition engine including external exhaust gas recirculation. The model of the pressure wave supercharger is based on linear one-dimensional gas dynamics. It includes an approach for the mixing zone between exhaust gases and fresh air which permits the calculation of the exhaust gas recirculation rate within the charger. The mass flow of the recirculated exhaust gas is the combined effect of too large an exhaust gas penetration into the cell wheel of the charger and of incomplete scavenging of the cell wheel. The model of the pressure wave supercharger is validated by the identification of four physically based model parameters and shows an error smaller than 5 per cent over the operating range investigated. The model can be integrated into an overall engine system model which predicts transient exhaust gas recirculation effects during load steps with good accuracy. The system model demonstrates that exhaust gas recirculation during transients is mainly caused by incomplete scavenging of the cell wheel and not by the exhaust gas penetration into the cell wheel being too large. Both the model of the pressure wave supercharger and the overall engine system model are validated by steady state and transient measurements on a dynamic test bench.
Bus guardians: an effective solution for online detection and correction of faults affecting system-on-chip buses (2001)

This paper presents a methodology for designing system-on-chip (SOC) interconnection architectures providing a high level of protection from crosstalk effects. An event driven simulator enriched with fault injection capabilities is exploited to evaluate the dependability level of the system being designed. The simulation environment supports several bus coding protocols and, thus, designers can easily evaluate different design alternatives. To enhance the dependability level of the interconnection architecture, we propose a distributed bus guardian scheme, where dedicated hardware modules monitor the integrity of the information transmitted over the bus and provide error correction mechanisms.
Cell Autonomous Apoptosis Defects in Acid Sphingomyelinase Knockout Fibroblasts (2001)

A body of evidence suggests that stress-induced sphingomyelin hydrolysis to the second messenger ceramide initiates apoptosis in some cells. Although studies using lymphoblasts from Niemann-Pick disease patients or acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)-deficient mice have provided genetic support for this hypothesis, these models have not been universally accepted as definitive. Here, we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) prepared from asmase mice manifest cell autonomous defects in apoptosis in response to several stresses. In particular, asmase(-/-) MEFs failed to generate ceramide and were totally resistant to radiation-induced apoptosis but remained sensitive to staurosporine, which did not induce ceramide. asmase(-/-) MEFs were also partially resistant to tumor necrosis factor alpha/ actinomycin D and serum withdrawal. Thus, resistance to apoptosis in asmase(-/-) MEFs was not global but rather stress type specific. Most importantly, the sensitivity to stress could be restored in the asmase(-/-) MEFs by administration of natural ceramide. Overcoming apoptosis resistance by natural ceramide is evidence that it is the lack of ceramide, not ASMase, that determines apoptosis sensitivity. The ability to rescue the apoptotic phenotype without reversing the genotype by the product of the enzymatic deficiency provides proof that ceramide is obligate for apoptosis induction in response to some stresses.
Development of a linear Hall thruster (1998)

In this paper, we present a discussion of the physics of modern Hall thrusters and the impact that this physics may have on the design of new thrusters of varying geometries and power. Particular attention is placed on the design of a linear-device (non-coaxial) and the issue of closing the electron drift in the E x B direction. A new thruster was designed with appropriate scaling to operate at powers in the 50-100W range. The thruster has been fabricated and preliminary tests have been performed. A stable operation has been achieved only at off-design conditions. Attempts to operate the discharge stably at design conditions were unsuccessful, and resulted in pulsed operation in the frequency range of approximately 1 lOHz. It is believed that the pulsed operation is a result of the lack of an adequately closed (short circuited) Hall current.
Characteristics of binding of human seminal alpha-inhibin-92 to human pituitary membranes. (1987)

We investigated the binding of 125I-labeled alpha-inhibin-92 (a 92-residue peptide) to human pituitary membrane preparations. Unlabeled alpha-inhibin-92 competed effectively with the labeled peptide for binding to the membranes. Binding was also inhibited by both alpha-inhibin-52 and alpha-inhibin-31, but less effectively. Scatchard analysis of the alpha-inhibin-92 binding data indicated the presence of high-affinity binding sites (1.35 nM/mg of membrane protein) with an apparent Kd of 0.37 nM. When 125I-labeled alpha-inhibin-92 was covalently crosslinked to the pituitary membrane preparation with disuccinimidyl suberate and the solubilized labeled receptor complex was analyzed by NaDodSO4/PAGE under either reducing or nonreducing conditions, a single radioactive band at an apparent molecular weight of 90,000 +/- 5000 was observed. These data suggest that human pituitary has specific binding sites for alpha-inhibins.
Rapid screening and quantification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products with NMR spectroscopic methods (2015)

1-D and 2-D NMR methods were used exclusively to rapidly screen for and quantify synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products with direct and simple NMR-solvent extraction.
Estrogenic and Antiestrogenic Activities of FlavonoidPhytochemicals Through Estrogen ReceptorBinding-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2000)

Members of the flavonoid class of phytochemicals have previously been demonstrated to possess estrogenic activity in a number of hormonally responsive systems. We have performed the present study to characterize the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of flavonoids in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Using an ER-dependent reporter gene assay and an ER competition binding assay, we have identified phytochemicals possessing estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities, which appeared to correlate directly with their capacity to displace [3H]estradiol from ER. Several flavonoids, including kaempferide, apigenin, and flavone, were distinct, in that their antiestrogenic activity did not appear to correlate with binding to ER, and therefore their suppression of estrogen-mediated gene transactivation and proliferation may occur independent of direct antagonism of the receptor. Further examination in HEK-293 cells transfected with ERalpha or ERbeta demonstrated potent antagonism with kaempferide and apigenin, while flavone was weakly antagonistic only toward ERP. These results suggest that the receptor binding-independent antiestrogenic chemicals may function through alternate signaling pathways as indirect ER modulators in a receptor- and cell type-specific manner. We conclude that antiestrogenic activities of flavonoid phytochemicals may occur through ER binding-dependent and -independent mechanisms and that the binding-independent antiestrogen activity of certain flavonoids is biologically significant in regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation.
Effective approach for calculations of absolute stability of proteins using focused dielectric constants (2009)

The ability to predict the absolute stability of proteins based on their corresponding sequence and structure is a problem of great fundamental and practical importance. In this work, we report an extensive, refinement and validation of our recent approach (Roca et al., FEBS Lett 2007;581:2065-2071) for predicting absolute values of protein stability DeltaG(fold). This approach employs the semimacroscopic protein dipole Langevin dipole method in its linear response approximation version (PDLD/S-LRA) while using the best fitted values of the dielectric constants epsilon'(p) and epsilon'(eff) for the self energy and charge-charge interactions, respectively. The method is validated on a diverse set of 45 proteins. It is found that the best fitted values of both dielectric constants are around 40. However, the self energy of internal residues and the charge-charge interactions of Lys have to be treated with care, using a somewhat lower values of epsilon'(p) and epsilon'(eff). The predictions of DeltaG(fold) reported here, have an average error of only 1.8 kcal/mole compared to the observed values, making our method very promising for estimating protein stability. It also provides valuable insight into the complex electrostatic phenomena taking place in folded proteins.
Noise Reduction Method for Quantifying Nanoparticle Light Scattering in Low Magnification Dark-Field Microscope Far-Field Images (2016)

Nanoparticles have become a powerful tool for cell imaging and biomolecule, cell and protein interaction studies, but are difficult to rapidly and accurately measure in most assays. Dark-field microscope (DFM) image analysis approaches used to quantify nanoparticles require high-magnification near-field (HN) images that are labor intensive due to a requirement for manual image selection and focal adjustments needed when identifying and capturing new regions of interest. Low-magnification far-field (LF) DFM imagery is technically simpler to perform but cannot be used as an alternate to HN-DFM quantification, since it is highly sensitive to surface artifacts and debris that can easily mask nanoparticle signal. We now describe a new noise reduction approach that markedly reduces LF-DFM image artifacts to allow sensitive and accurate nanoparticle signal quantification from LF-DFM images. We have used this approach to develop a "Dark Scatter Master" (DSM) algorithm for the popular NIH image analysis program ImageJ, which can be readily adapted for use with automated high-throughput assay analyses. This method demonstrated robust performance quantifying nanoparticles in different assay formats, including a novel method that quantified extracellular vesicles in patient blood sample to detect pancreatic cancer cases. Based on these results, we believe our LF-DFM quantification method can markedly decrease the analysis time of most nanoparticle-based assays to impact both basic research and clinical analyses.
H-Studio (2013)

Haptic and motion effects have been widely used for virtual reality applications in order to provide a physical feedback from the virtual world. Such feedback was recently studied to improve the user experience in audiovisual entertainment applications. But the creation of haptic and motion effects is a main issue and requires dedicated editing tool. This paper describes a user-friendly authoring tool to create and synchronize such effects with audiovisual content. More precisely we focus on the edition of motion effects. Authoring is simplified thanks to a dedicated graphical user interface, allowing either to import external data or to synthesize effects thanks to a force-feedback device. Another key feature of this editor is the playback function which enables to preview the motion effect. Hence this new tool allows non expert users to create immersive haptic-audiovisual experiences.
Vehicle localization using road markings (2013)

Reliable lane-level localization is a requirement for many driver-assistance methods as well as for autonomous driving. Localization using cameras is desirable due to ubiquity and cheapness of sensors but is hard to achieve reliably. We propose a method towards reliable visual localization using traffic signs painted on the road such as arrows, pedestrian crossings, and speed limits. These road markings are relatively easily detected since they are designed to be highly conspicuous. Our method automatically recognizes road markings and uses features detected within them to compute the location of the vehicle. This provides an absolute global localization if the road markings have been surveyed before hand, and relative positioning information otherwise. We demonstrate using experiments and with groundtruth data that our method provides accurate lane-level visual localization under various lighting conditions and using various types of road markings.
Inhibition of .BETA.-galactosidase by galactostatin, galactostatin-lactam, and 1-deoxygalactostatin. (1988)

Galactostatin obtained from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces lydicus PA-5726 strongly inhibited β-galactosidase. Its derivatives, galactostatin-lactam and 1-deoxygalactostatin, were also inhibitors. Galactostatin and 1-deoxygalactostatin were fully competitive inhibitors with high affinities for Penicillium multicolor β-galactosidase, and their Ki values were 4.0 × 10-9 and 3.3 × 10-8 at pH 6.0, respectively, using ONPG as substrate. In their presence, the steady-state velocities of the enzyme were reached in a matter of minutes. Galactostatin-lactam, in contrast, showed no detectable lag time on interaction with the enzyme, and the type of inhibition was also competitive with a Ki value of 1.3 × 10-5 M. These three inhibitors bound to the enzyme in the same molar ratio (1:1).
Domino logic with dynamic body biased keeper (2002)

A dynamic body biased keeper circuit technique is proposed for simultaneous power reduction and speed enhancement of domino logic circuits. The threshold voltage of the keeper transistor is dynamically modified during circuit operation to reduce contention current without sacrificing noise immunity. The proposed circuit technique is applied to wide fan-in domino OR gates. With the proposed dynamic body biased keeper circuit technique, circuit evaluation speed is increased by up to 66% while reducing power dissipation by 43% as compared to standard domino logic circuits. © 2002 Non IEEE.
Update on the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Voclosporin: An Integrated Analysis of Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis (2022)

This integrated analysis demonstrates the efficacy and safety of voclosporin in the treatment of LN across the diverse racial and ethnic groups studied.
A novel method of partitioning regions in lungs and their usage in feature extraction for reducing false positives (2008)

Chest X-ray (CXR) data is a 2D projection image. The main drawback of such an image is that each pixel of it represents a volumetric integration. This poses a challenge in detection and estimation of nodules and their characteristics. Due to human anatomy there are a lot of lung structures which can be falsely identified as nodules in a projection data. Detection of nodules with a large number of false positives (FP) adds more work for the radiologists. With the help of CAD algorithms we aim to identify regions which cause higher FP readings or provide additional information for nodule detection based on the human anatomy. Different lung regions have different image characteristics we take advantage of this and propose an automatic lung partitioning into vessel, apical, basal and exterior pulmonary regions. Anatomical landmarks like aortic arch and end of cardiac-notch along-with inter intra-rib width and their shape characteristics were used for this partitioning. Likelihood of FPs is more in vessel, apical and exterior pulmonary regions due to rib-crossing, overlap of vessel with rib and vessel branching. For each of these three cases, special features were designed based on histogram of rib slope and the structural properties of rib segments information. These features were assigned different weights based on the partitioning. An experiment was carried out using a prototype CAD system 150 routine CXR studies were acquired from three institutions (24 negatives, rest with one or more nodules). Our algorithm provided a sensitivity of 70.4% with 5 FP/image for cross-validation without partition. Inclusion of the proposed techniques increases the sensitivity to 78.1% with 4.1 FP/image.
Multicomponent Remote Sensing of Vehicle Exhaust by Dispersive Absorption Spectroscopy. 1. Effect of Fuel Type and Catalyst Performance (2000)

A remote sensor incorporating UV and IR spectrometers in conjunction with an innovative optical design is described. The instrument was used to noninvasively measure over 20 pollutants in the exhaust of 19 in-use vehicles powered by a range of fuelsreformulated Phase II gasoline, diesel, compressed natural gas, and methanol blended with 15% gasoline. CO2, CO, aldehydes, and aliphatic and speciated aromatic hydrocarbons were identified along with NOx, determined as the sum of NO, NO2; N2O and HONO were also measured, although their levels were typically below the instrument's detection limit. NH3 levels in vehicle exhaust are reported for the first time on a car-by-car basis. The exhaust from gasoline- and methanol-powered cars was found to contain elevated levels of NH3, in some cases over 1000 ppm, despite near stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratios, and were often significantly higher than corresponding NO levels. Catalyst efficiency is discussed as a function of NH3 and NO concentrations in the exhaust of vehicles operating “cold” and “hot”. In some of the tested vehicles, the three-way catalysts showed high reduction activity but poor selectivity resulting in the formation of NH3 and possibly other nitrogen-containing products other than N2. These observations could have significant implications on the formation of ammonium nitrate aerosol and on the acid-neutralizing capacity of urban air masses.