gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local expression of the ipt gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. SR1) axillary buds establishes a role for cytokinins in tuberization and sink formation (2002)

The developmental characteristics of a transgenic tobacco line (BIK62) expressing the ipt cytokinin-biosynthetic gene under the control of a tagged promoter were analysed. In situ hybridization and cytokinin immunocytochemistry revealed that the ipt gene was mainly expressed in the axillary buds after the floral transition. The ipt-expressing axillary buds presented morphological alterations such as short and narrow scale-leaflets, and swollen internodes filled with starch grains, giving rise to short and tuberized lateral branches. In addition, the modification of the endogenous cytokinin balance in the axillary meristems resulted in a fast rate of leaf initiation and cytokinins accumulated mostly in the lateral zones of the reactivated axillary meristems, suggesting a role in leaf organogenesis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the reactivated axillary meristems were characterized by predominant S+G2 nuclei. Terminal internodes displayed low levels of hexose and sucrose concomitant with starch accumulation. Extracellular invertases (EC 3.1.26) were also present in higher amounts in the tuberizing internodes compared to the axillary buds of wild-type tobacco. These results underline the role of cytokinins in cell cycle regulation and in the creation of a sink--source effect. They also provide new information about cytokinin involvement in the process of tuberization and their overproduction in axillary buds giving rise to tuberized lateral branches in a naturally non-tuberizing species.
Maintenance of periportal and pericentral oxygen tensions in primary rat hepatocyte cultures: Influence on cellular DNA and protein content monitored by flow cytometry (1987)

Primary hepatocytes were cultured at oxygen tensions similar to those reported to be present in periportal (13% O2) and pericentral (4% O2) regions of the liver lobules. Cellular DNA and protein content of individual hepatocytes were determined simultaneously by two-parameter (DNA/protein) flow cytometry after 1, 4, and 7 days in culture. pO2 tensions monitored on line in conventional plastic culture dishes revealed that the depletion of the pO2 in the culture medium depended on the number of hepatocytes plated. When cultured as monolayer after 4-7 days at periportal (13% O2) and more pronounced at pericentral oxygen concentration (4% O2), up to 90% of the hepatocytes showed degenerated nuclei but normal protein content. By using culture dishes with teflon membrane bottoms the oxygen tension in the culture medium was accurately maintained by the incubator atmosphere. At pericentral oxygen tension the fraction of 2N cells increased by about 20%. That of the 4N cell was not affected, and the contribution of 8N hepatocytes dropped to 70% compared to cultures at periportal oxygen tension. Concomitantly, in the 4% O2 hepatocyte cultures the protein content of the 2N and the 4N cells was better preserved and increased by up to 10%. These results suggest that in vitro at pericentral oxygen conditions (4% O2) ageing of hepatocytes is delayed, regenerating processes are better maintained, and, furthermore, freshly isolated 4N hepatocytes have the potency to adapt their metabolism in vitro to periportal as well as to perivenous oxygen tensions.
Droplet transport on flat chemically heterogeneous surfaces via periodic wetting barriers and vibration (2010)

We report on a Flat Surface Ratchet, capable of achieving droplet transport using curved hydrophilic rungs patterned onto a hydrophobic surface. These periodic asymmetric wetting barriers can be fabricated easily on a wide variety of surfaces. Transport of a 10 ¿l droplet is achieved by an electromagnetic speaker with vertical sinusoidal vibrational amplitudes as low as 37 ¿m at 82 Hz, making this technology implementable for a wide range of discrete microfluidic applications.
Improved zero-current transition converters for high-power applications (1997)

Existing zero-current transition (ZCT) converters do not solve main switch turn-on problems and require auxiliary switches to be turned off with high current and, therefore, are not suitable for high-power applications. Novel ZCT schemes proposed in this paper enable all main switches and auxiliary switches to be turned on and off under zero-current conditions. The zero-current switching at both turn-on and turn-off not only reduces switching losses significantly, but also eliminates the need for passive snubbers, due to the much reduced switch stress. The cost of the auxiliary switches can he reduced compared to the existing ZCT schemes, due to their zero-current turnoff. The proposed technology is well suited for DC-DC and three-phase converters with insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs), and gate-turnoff switches (GTOs). Theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and experimental results are presented to explain the proposed schemes.
Neuromodulation and neurostimulation: overview and future potential. (2012)

The history of neuromodulation and neurostimulation began after several important discoveries in the fields of neurophysiology and electricity. In 1811, Bell (1) was the first to conduct experiments on the spinal nerve roots. He reported that manipulation of the anterior sacral roots led to muscle contractions of the back, but not the posterior fibers of the spinal nerves. Magendie (1822) further recognized the anterior motor and the posterior sensory function of the roots (2).
Learning Discriminative Feature Representation for Estimating Smoke Density of Smoky Vehicle Rear (2022)

Estimating the smoke density from a single image of the smoky vehicle rear is significant for smoke level estimation and smoky vehicle recognition. However, this is a highly ill-posed problem. To solve it, this paper presents a novel smoke density estimation network (SDENet). First, to reduce the susceptibility of deeper convolutions towards the smoke scale variant and enhance feature diversity, we propose the attention multi-scale encoding blocks based on multi-scale blocks and the convolutional block attention. The multi-scale block exploits the multi-scale features at a granular level within a single basic block. The attention makes our model pay more attention to specific regions which are beneficial to smoke density estimation. Second, the extracted features for smoke recognition may contain background interference information due to the smoke translucency, so we propose semantic-guided feature selection blocks to progressively select smoke-relevant features and suppress background interference features from the encoded feature via global high-level semantic information for learning more discriminative features. Finally, to make the learned features more adaptive to smoke feature resolution and visual appearance, we design attention gate decoding blocks to fuse different features via gate blocks, which enhance the features at spatial locations and channel locations where the features are essential for smoke density estimation. Extensive experiments on smoke density estimation show that our model achieves the best performance among existing methods.
Absorption Anisotropy for Lattice Matched GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Well Structures under External Anisotropic Biaxial Strain: Compression along [110] and Tension along [110] (2000)

We report theoretical studies on the optical absorption anisotropy for excitonic transitions in lattice-matched GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures under simultaneous compression and tension applied along the [110] and [1̄10] directions of the MQW, respectively. The analyses are based on a model that includes both the 4×4 k · p Hamiltonian and the strain Hamiltonian. The wave functions, found by solving the eigenvalue equations, are used to calculate the dipole matrix elements for excitonic transitions and evaluate the anisotropic absorption properties. The effect of variation of parameters such as well width and barrier height on the performance of the strained GaAs/AlGaAs MQW electroabsorption modulators is discussed.
Relieving self-healing SSDs of heal storms (2017)

Building self-healing SSDs is proven feasible by recent studies. When the stress of a block becomes critical, it can be healed to remove part of the stress. However, with wear leveling, all blocks are evenly worn and have similar stress, and all blocks could undergo the healing process within a short period of time. The intensive heal operations, called heal storms, cause highly unpredictable I/O performance and storage reliability. Inspired by the even distribution of erase counts under wear leveling, we propose to operate wear leveling on virtual erase counts instead of real erase counts. When the balance among virtual erase counts is achieved through wear leveling, all real erase counts become evenly dispersed in a controlled interval. In this way, blocks will undergo healing at different times. Virtual erase counts are progressively adjusted such that all blocks reach their endurance limit when the SSD permanently retires. Our results show that our approach successfully resolved the heal storm problem without impacting on the SSD lifespan.
Experimental Investigation of Micro/Nano Heat Pipe Wick Structures (2008)

The performance of electronic devices is limited by the capability to remove heat from these devices. A heat pipe is a device to facilitate heat transport that has seen increased usage to address this challenge. A heat pipe is a two-phase heat transfer device capable of transporting heat with minimal temperature gradient. An important component of a heat pipe is the wick structure, which transports the condensate from the condenser to the evaporator. The requirements for high heat transport capability and high resilience to external accelerations leads to the necessity of a design trade off in the wick geometry. This makes the wick performance a critical parameter in the design of heat pipes. The present study investigates experimental methods of testing capillary performance of wick structures ranging from micro- to nano-scales. These techniques will facilitate a pathway to the development of nano-engineered wick structures for high performance heat pipes.
Phosphatidylethanolamine Is a Key Regulator of Membrane Fluidity in Eukaryotic Cells (2015)

Adequate membrane fluidity is required for a variety of key cellular processes and in particular for proper function of membrane proteins. In most eukaryotic cells, membrane fluidity is known to be regulated by fatty acid desaturation and cholesterol, although some cells, such as insect cells, are almost devoid of sterol synthesis. We show here that insect and mammalian cells present similar microviscosity at their respective physiological temperature. To investigate how both sterols and phospholipids control fluidity homeostasis, we quantified the lipidic composition of insect SF9 and mammalian HEK 293T cells under normal or sterol-modified condition. As expected, insect cells show minimal sterols compared with mammalian cells. A major difference is also observed in phospholipid content as the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) is inverted (4 times higher in SF9 cells). In vitro studies in liposomes confirm that both cholesterol and PE can increase rigidity of the bilayer, suggesting that both can be used by cells to maintain membrane fluidity. We then show that exogenously increasing the cholesterol amount in SF9 membranes leads to a significant decrease in PE:PC ratio whereas decreasing cholesterol in HEK 293T cells using statin treatment leads to an increase in the PE:PC ratio. In all cases, the membrane fluidity is maintained, indicating that both cell types combine regulation by sterols and phospholipids to control proper membrane fluidity.
Production of Polyethylene Fibers and their Optical Properties and Radial Differences in Orientation (1980)

An apparatus was designed to produce polyethelene fibers of varying diameters ranging from 40 to 220 μm. The diameter of the produced fibers was measured from the forward scattering of a He-Ne laser beam at 632.8 mm. The Becke line method was used to measure the refractive indices of the outer layer of the fiber (skin). Interferometric methods were applied for the determination of the refractive index of the inner layer of the fiber (core) and the mean refractive indices of the fiber for light vibrating parallel and perpendicular to its axis. Also a technique, based upon an analysis of the back-scattered light when a laser beam impinges perpendicular to the fiber axis, was applied to deter mine the mean refractive index. The measured values are presented and found to be in agreement with those of the interferometric methods.
Comparison of WDM Bandwidth Loading Using Individual Transponders, Shaped, and Flat ASE Noise (2018)

Channel emulation is compared for 100-Gb/s PDM-QPSK from commercial transponders with channel-like spectrally carved noise and flat noise bands. The performance is evaluated in experiments and simulations on standard SMF and TW-RS DWDM transmission links.
Thrombopoietin and Thrombopoietin Mimetics in the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia (2008)

Although the thrombopoietin receptor was discovered in 1991 and thrombopoietin (TPO) was purified in 1994, the development of a clinically useful TPO was hampered by the appearance of neutralizing antibodies to some forms of recombinant TPO. However, in 2008 two new drugs that mimic the effect of TPO became available to treat thrombocytopenia. Romiplostim is a TPO peptide mimetic given by subcutaneous injection that activates the TPO receptor by binding to the distal hematopoietic receptor domain just like TPO. Eltrombopag is a TPO nonpeptide mimetic administered orally that activates the TPO receptor by binding to the transmembrane domain. Both increase the platelet count in healthy humans as well as in >80% of patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Although initially restricted to the second-line treatment of ITP, both agents could help treat many thrombocytopenic disorders. Both agents are well tolerated, with mild headache being the most common complaint. Potential long-term complications include thrombosis, increased bone marrow reticulin, rebound worsening of thrombocytopenia upon discontinuation, and increased blast formation. Ongoing studies should establish the incidence of these complications and determine the efficacy of these new agents in a variety of other thrombocytopenic conditions.
Development and characterization of extruded product of carrot pomace, rice flour and pulse powder (2010)

Rice flour was added in different proportions (10 - 30%) to dehydrated carrot pomace and pulse powder (CPPP) mixture having equal ratio. The formulation was extruded at different moisture content (17 - 21%), screw speed (270 - 310 rpm) and die temperature (110 - 130°C). The lateral expansion, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, hardness and sensory characteristics were measured as responses. Significant regression models were established with the coefficient of determination, R2 greater than 0.72. The results indicated that CPPP proportion and moisture content significantly influenced (P < 0.10) lateral expansion; temperature for water absorption index; screw speed and temperature for hardness and screw speed for sensory score. The compromised optimum condition obtained by numerical integration for development of extrudates were: CPPP mixture of 16.5% in rice flour, moisture content 19.23%, screw speed 310 rpm and die temperature 110°C. Sensory evaluation revealed that carrot pomace could be incorporated into ready-to-eat expanded products upto the level of 8.25%.

	 

	Key words: Twin screw extrusion, carrot pomace, response surface methodology, rice flour, pulse powder.
Optical equalization of fiber chromatic dispersion in a 5-Gb/s transmission system (1990)

A 5-Gb/s lightwave transmission experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of an all-pass-type fiber Fabry-Perot optical equalizer for eliminating an error floor caused by laser chirp and chromatic dispersion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plant Mitochondrial Proteomics (2013)

Mitochondria are responsible for a number of major biochemical processes in plant cells including oxidative phosphorylation and photorespiration. Traditionally their primary role has been viewed as the oxidation of organic acids via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the synthesis of ATP coupled to the transfer of electrons to O2. More recently its role in the synthesis of many metabolites such as amino acids, lipids, and vitamins has been revealed. They also contain large number of transporters including members of the mitochondrial carrier substrate family (MCSF) that allow the exchange of metabolites with the cytosol. Mitochondria also contain their own genome and actively transcribe and translate a set of proteins that are coordinated with proteins encoded by the nuclear genome to produce large multisubunit enzymes. To reveal the full diversity of metabolism carried out by mitochondria significant efforts have sought to uncover the protein profile of mitochondria from both crops and model plants. Successful proteomic analysis depends on the preparation of high-quality isolated mitochondria, coupled to high-resolution proteomic techniques for identification, quantitation, and assessment of the degree of contamination by other organelles and cellular compartments. Here we outline a mitochondrial isolation protocol that can be applied to a range of plant tissues, and detail methods of assessing the quality and purity of the resultant sample, including calculations of respiratory control ratio, marker enzyme assays, differential in-gel electrophoresis, and quantitative gel-free mass spectrometry.
Self-Adjusting of Ternary Search Tries Using Conditional Rotations and Randomized Heuristics (2005)

Journal Article Self-Adjusting of Ternary Search Tries Using Conditional Rotations and Randomized Heuristics Get access Ghada Hany Badr, Ghada Hany Badr School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. John Oommen B. John Oommen School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 48, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 200–219, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxh073 Published: 01 January 2005
An Introduction to PET-CT Imaging (2004)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries such as the United States. Complex clinical decisions about treatment of oncologic patients are largely guided by imaging findings, among other factors. Most radiologic procedures map the anatomy and morphology of tumors with little or no information about their metabolism. Positron emission tomography (PET) performed with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has proved valuable in providing important tumor-related qualitative and quantitative metabolic information that is critical to diagnosis and follow-up. PET-computed tomography (CT) is a unique combination of the cross-sectional anatomic information provided by CT and the metabolic information provided by PET, which are acquired during a single examination and fused. FDG PET-CT offers several advantages over PET alone; the most important is the ability to accurately localize increased FDG activity to specific normal or abnormal anatomic locations, which may be difficult or even impossible with PET alone. Understanding the principles of FDG PET-CT and the optimal scanning techniques and recognizing the potential pitfalls and limitations are important for advantageous use of this imaging modality.
Ultrasonic imaging system for in-process fabric defect detection (2023)

An ultrasonic method and system are provided for monitoring a fabric to identify a defect. A plurality of ultrasonic transmitters generate ultrasonic waves relative to the fabric. An ultrasonic receiver means responsive to the generated ultrasonic waves from the transmitters receives ultrasonic waves coupled through the fabric and generates a signal. An integrated peak value of the generated signal is applied to a digital signal processor and is digitized. The digitized signal is processed to identify a defect in the fabric. The digitized signal processing includes a median value filtering step to filter out high frequency noise. Then a mean value and standard deviation of the median value filtered signal is calculated. The calculated mean value and standard deviation are compared with predetermined threshold values to identify a defect in the fabric.
General Framework to Evaluate Unlinkability in Biometric Template Protection Systems (2017)

The wide deployment of biometric recognition systems in the last two decades has raised privacy concerns regarding the storage and use of biometric data. As a consequence, the ISO/IEC 24745 international standard on biometric information protection has established two main requirements for protecting biometric templates: irreversibility and unlinkability. Numerous efforts have been directed to the development and analysis of irreversible templates. However, there is still no systematic quantitative manner to analyze the unlinkability of such templates. In this paper, we address this shortcoming by proposing a new general framework for the evaluation of biometric templates' unlinkability. To illustrate the potential of the approach, it is applied to assess the unlinkability of the four state-of-the-art techniques for biometric template protection: biometric salting, bloom filters, homomorphic encryption, and block re-mapping. For the last technique, the proposed framework is compared with other existing metrics to show its advantages.
Fines migration in sediments containing methane hydrate during depressurization (2018)

This project presents the X-ray CT image sets obtained during depressurization of methane hydrate bearing sediments. Particularly, the imaging experiment aims on quantifying the extent of fines migration in sediments containing some fines due to depressurization. In this study, three sediments were tested as follows: (a) Ottawa 20-30 sand with 9%w/w silica silt (b) F110 sand with 11.5%w/w silica silt (c) F110 sand with 6%w/w kaolinite and 4%w/w silica silt. These three are referred to as Sample#1, Sample#2, and Sample#3 in the files. Each experiment was divided into four steps: 1. Gas injection 2. Hydrate formation 3. Water injection 4. Depressurization The details of this experiment can be found in the published paper below: Gyeol Han, Tae-Hyuk Kwon, Joo Yong Lee, and Timothy J. Kneafsey (2018) "Depressurization-induced fines migration in sediments containing methane hydrate: X-ray computed tomography imaging experiments", Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, DOI:10.1002/2017JB014988.
Fraud detection and management in mobile telecommunications networks (1997)

The paper discusses the status of research on detection of fraud undertaken as part of the European Commission-funded ACTS ASPeCT (Advanced security for personal communications technologies) project. A first task has been the identification of possible fraud scenarios and of typical fraud indicators which can be mapped to data in toll tickets. Currently, the project is exploring the detection of fraudulent behaviour based on a combination of absolute and differential usage. Three approaches are being investigated: a rule based approach and two approaches based on neural networks, where both supervised and unsupervised learning are considered. Special attention is being paid to the feasibility of the implementations.