gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric Dimension and Tolerance Modeling and Validation System Based on Object Oriented Paradigm for 3D Solid Model (2004)

This paper introduces an approach for modeling and representation of geometric tolerances on any 3D solid model using the Objected Oriented Programming (OOP) paradigm. The modeling scheme is supported by a comprehensive validation engine, which certifies the tolerance type against the 3D geometry context both syntactically and semantically. The major objective of this work is to develop a methodology for interfacing tolerance modeling with boundary representation (B-Rep) based 3D solid model geometry. We will demonstrate that the OOP paradigm is very efficient and flexible for tolerance model representation, which is required within the interactive design process. Six categories of tolerance classes have been developed for size, form, orientation, position, runout and profile, which extend a general tolerance class through inheritance. An instance of the general tolerance class will be initialized when picking a feature or a group of features to tolerance, depending upon feature(s’) characteristics and attributes. To apply a tolerance object the system obtains the 3D geometric data from the solid model using the feature extraction paradigm. When the required tolerance type is selected for modeling, an instance from the specified tolerance type class will be initialized through inheritance from the general feature tolerance class and gathers the necessary information / tolerance data. An intelligent validation engine that supports the modeler is introduced. The engine validates any selected tolerancing activity in two stages. First, it ensures that the selected feature or group of features is suitable for the selected tolerance type. Second, it ensures that the data specified does not lead to over/under-dimensioning. The paper also discusses a prototype system implemented to test the modeler and the validation engine. The results have been very encouraging while testing the system on a number of engineering models.
Structurally Homogeneous Nanosheets from Self‐Assembly of a Collagen‐Mimetic Peptide (2014)

A collagen-mimetic peptide, NSIII, has been designed with three sequential blocks having positive, neutral, and negative charges, respectively. The non-canonical imino acid, (2S,4S)-4-aminoproline (amp), was used to specify the positive charges at the Xaa positions of (Xaa-Yaa-Gly) triads in the N-terminal domain of NSIII. Peptide NSIII underwent self-assembly from aqueous solution to form a highly homogeneous population of nanosheets. Two-dimensional crystalline sheets formed in which the length of the peptide defined the height of the sheets. These results contrasted with prior results on a similar multi-domain collagen-mimetic polypeptides in which the sheets had highly polydisperse distribution of sizes in the (x/y)- and (z)-dimensions. The structural differences between the two nanosheet assemblies were interpreted in terms of the relative stereoelectronic effects of the different aminoproline derivatives on the local triple helical conformation of the peptides.
Repetitive Motion Disorders of the Upper Extremity (1995)

Based on a 1994 workshop, this volume explores pathophysiology, pain and dysfunction. It discusses the effects of repetitive motion on connective tissue, muscle and nerve; offers suggestions for determining whether the disorder is job related; and addresses diagnostic and treatment issues.
Mapping virtual and physical reality (2016)

Real walking offers higher immersive presence for virtual reality (VR) applications than alternative locomotive means such as walking-in-place and external control gadgets, but needs to take into consideration different room sizes, wall shapes, and surrounding objects in the virtual and real worlds. Despite perceptual study of impossible spaces and redirected walking, there are no general methods to match a given pair of virtual and real scenes. We propose a system to match a given pair of virtual and physical worlds for immersive VR navigation. We first compute a planar map between the virtual and physical floor plans that minimizes angular and distal distortions while conforming to the virtual environment goals and physical environment constraints. Our key idea is to design maps that are globally surjective to allow proper folding of large virtual scenes into smaller real scenes but locally injective to avoid locomotion ambiguity and intersecting virtual objects. From these maps we derive altered rendering to guide user navigation within the physical environment while retaining visual fidelity to the virtual environment. Our key idea is to properly warp the virtual world appearance into real world geometry with sufficient quality and performance. We evaluate our method through a formative user study, and demonstrate applications in gaming, architecture walkthrough, and medical imaging.
Lipoproteins of fetal and newborn calves and adult steer: A study of developmental changes (1981)

Abstract Serum lipoproteins in fetal and newborn calves were characterized and compared with those of adult animals. Fetal calf serum contains only low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins; the LDL is the major lipoprotein class. Fetal LDL are ca. 26.0 nm diameter and are morphologically unusual in that particles form linear aggregates or “chains” in which LDL have flattened, parallel sides. These particles contain only apolipoprotein B and are high in polar lipids. Fetal HDL consist of 8.2‐nm, round particles which contain large amounts of chlesteryl ester thus suggesting an active lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase system in the fetal state. The major protein in fetal HDL is apolipoprotein A−I (80%); however, another component with a molecular weight (MW) of ca. 9,000 is also present. Newborn calves show a 5‐fold increase in HDL concentration. These particles are 9.0 nm spherical particles and they contain mainly apolipoprotein A−I although C‐apolipoproteins are also present; the lipid and apolipoprotein composition of newborn HDL is similar to that of adults. Newborn calves possess very low density (VLDL) lipoproteins which have a mean diameter of 61 nm and are similar in size and composition to those of adult animals; their apolipoprotein composition is principally apolipoprotein B, although C‐apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein A−I are also present. The LDL of neonatal and adult animals are similar in morphology, chemical composition and apolipoprotein content. In both instances, LDL are round particles ca. 19.0 nm diameter which contain less polar lipids than the fetal animal. Apolipoprotein B is the major protein in newborn LDL, but adult LDL additionally contains a protein of 27,000 MW which probably represents apolipoprotein A−I from overlapping α‐migrating particles in this region. The altered morphology and composition of fetal LDL, together with the lack of VLDL, suggest that the LDL particles may be synthesized de novo.
Stress Testing and Non-Invasive Coronary Angiography in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: Time for a New Paradigm (2012)

Diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease represents major challenges to our health care system, affecting millions of patients each year. Until recently, the diagnosis of coronary artery disease was possible only through cardiac catheterization and invasive coronary angiography. To avoid the risks of an invasive procedure, stress testing is often employed for an initial assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, serving as a gatekeeper for cardiac catheterization. With the emergence of non-invasive coronary angiography, the question arises if such a strategy is still sensible, particularly, in view of only a modest agreement between stress testing results and the presence of coronary artery disease established by cardiac catheterization. Much data in support of the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of non-invasive coronary angiography by computed tomography have emerged within the last few years. These data challenge the role of stress testing as the initial imaging modality in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. This article reviews the clinical utility, limitations, as well as the hazards of stress testing compared with non-invasive coronary artery imaging by computed tomography. Finally, the implications of this review are discussed in relation to clinical practice.
Using Meteorological Wind Data to Estimate Turbine Generation Output: A Sensitivity Analysis (2011)

The selection of suitable organic fluids for use in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for waste energy recovery from many potential sources of low-medium temperature (up to 350 ºC) is a crucial step to achieve high thermal efficiency.In order to identify the most suitable organic fluids, several general criteria have to be taken into consideration, from the thermophysical properties of the fluids leading to the environmental impact and cost related issues.The aim of the study is to elaborate a tool for the comparison of the influence of different working fluids on performance of an ORC heat recovery power plant installation.A database of a number of organic fluids as well as a s oftware (code) which allows the user to select the proper organic fluid for particular application have been developed.Calculations have been conducted for the same heat source and installation component parameters.The elaborated tool should create a support by choosing an optimal working fluid for special applications and become a part of a bigger optimization procedure by different frame conditions.
Study of the quantum confined stark effect in ZnO quantum wells (2009)

Photoluminescence and time resolved pump-probe spectroscopy have been used to study the quantum confined Stark effect in ZnO quantum wells caused by an internal electrical field. Different quantum well structures are proposed to enhance the optical properties of this material.
Assessment of reperfusion of the infarct zone after acute myocardial infarction by serial cardiac troponin T measurements in serum. (1994)

The PV1/38 or 14/38 ratios of serum troponin T concentration indicated the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in achieving reperfusion of AMI.
New Anode Material for Rechargeable Li-ION Cells (1995)

Carbon materials, such as graphite, cokes, pitch and PAN fibers, are being evaluated in lithium batteries as alternate anode materials with some degree of success. There is an effort to look for other non-carbon anode materials which have larger Li capacity, higher rate capability, smaller first charge capacity loss and better mechanical stability during cycling. A Li-Mg-Si material is evaluated.
A Continuous Identity Authentication Scheme Based on Physiological and Behavioral Characteristics (2018)

Wearable devices have flourished over the past ten years providing great advantages to people and, recently, they have also been used for identity authentication. Most of the authentication methods adopt a one-time authentication manner which cannot provide continuous certification. To address this issue, we present a two-step authentication method based on an own-built fingertip sensor device which can capture motion data (e.g., acceleration and angular velocity) and physiological data (e.g., a photoplethysmography (PPG) signal) simultaneously. When the device is worn on the user's fingertip, it will automatically recognize whether the wearer is a legitimate user or not. More specifically, multisensor data is collected and analyzed to extract representative and intensive features. Then, human activity recognition is applied as the first step to enhance the practicability of the authentication system. After correctly discriminating the motion state, a one-class machine learning algorithm is applied for identity authentication as the second step. When a user wears the device, the authentication process is carried on automatically at set intervals. Analyses were conducted using data from 40 individuals across various operational scenarios. Extensive experiments were executed to examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which achieved an average accuracy rate of 98.5% and an F1-score of 86.67%. Our results suggest that the proposed scheme provides a feasible and practical solution for authentication.
A Novel Cytochrome P450 Is Implicated in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis via the Characterization of a Rice Dwarf Mutant, <i>dwarf11</i>, with Reduced Seed Length (2005)

We have characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf mutant, dwarf11 (d11), that bears seeds of reduced length. To understand the mechanism by which seed length is regulated, the D11 gene was isolated by a map-based cloning method. The gene was found to encode a novel cytochrome P450 (CYP724B1), which showed homology to enzymes involved in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. The dwarf phenotype of d11 mutants was restored by the application of the brassinolide (BL). Compared with wild-type plants, the aberrant D11 mRNA accumulated at higher levels in d11 mutants and was dramatically reduced by treatment with BL, implying that the gene is feedback-regulated by BL. Precise determination of the defective step(s) in BR synthesis in d11 mutants proved intractable because of tissue specificity and the complex control of BR accumulation in plants. However, 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-DeoxoTY) and typhasterol (TY), but not any upstream intermediates before these compounds, effectively restored BR response in d11 mutants in a lamina joint bending assay. Multiple lines of evidence together suggest that the D11/CYP724B1 gene plays a role in BR synthesis and may be involved in the supply of 6-DeoxoTY and TY in the BR biosynthesis network in rice.
On the use of fractional Brownian motion in the theory of connectionless networks (1995)

An abstract model for aggregated connectionless traffic, based on the fractional Brownian motion, is presented. Insight into the parameters is obtained by relating the model to an equivalent burst model. Results on a corresponding storage process are presented. The buffer occupancy distribution is approximated by a Weibull distribution. The model is compared with publicly available samples of real Ethernet traffic. The degree of the short-term predictability of the traffic model is studied through an exact formula for the conditional variance of a future value given the past. The applicability and interpretation of the self-similar model are discussed extensively, and the notion of ideal free traffic is introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Risk factor control is key in diabetic nephropathy. (2014)

Prolonged duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control and hypertension are major risk factors for both diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Optimising blood sugar control together with excellent control of blood pressure can reduce the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy should be considered in any patient with diabetes when persistent albuminuria develops. Microalbuminuria is the earliest clinically detectable indicator of diabetic nephropathy risk. The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are appropriately diagnosed based on elevated urinary albumin excretion and/or reduced 0032-6518 renal function. Patients with type 2 diabetes should have annual urinary ACR measurements from the time of diabetes diagnosis while those with type 1 diabetes should commence five years after diagnosis. Blood pressure lowering to 130/80mmHg and reduction of proteinuria to <1 g/day retards progression of diabetic nephropathy and reduces the number of cardiovascular events. Drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are effective in reducing proteinuria, managing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular risk. Unless there are clear contraindications or intolerance all patients with diabetic nephropathy should be prescribed an ACEI or ARB. Stopping an ACEI or ARB during intercurrent illness or times of volume depletion is critically important. Patients with diabetic nephropathy should have at least yearly measurements of blood pressure, renal function and urinary ACR.
Asynchronous control of low-power gated-clock finite-state-machines (2003)

An efficient approach to reduce power consumption in a synchronous Finite-State Machine (FSM) is to de-compose it, according to a partitioning algorithm, to a number of sub-FSMs that interact through some communication signals. Only one sub-FSM is clocked at a time and low power operation is obtained by only clocking the active sub-FSM. In this paper we introduce a new asynchronous communication control for the interacting sub-FSMs, which reduces the total capacitance switched by the system clock. Experimental results show that this leads to significant power savings when the FSM is partitioned into many sub-FSMs.
Bronchiolitis (1993)

Bronchiolitis is an acute respiratory illness precipitated by a viral infection and resulting in obstruction of the small airways. While mortality due to bronchiolitis is low in developed countries, it remains an important illness because of the frequency with which infants require hospitalization and because of the potential association with asthma during later life.DefinitionAn enduring definition of bronchiolitis has been the first episode during infancy of an illness beginning as an upper respiratory infection that progresses to the development of wheezing. This definition is inadequate for a number of reasons. First, infants who have obstructive airway disease do not always wheeze audibly. Second, many infants have two or more episodes of viral bronchiolitis within an interval of only a few months. The recurrent wheezing episodes are clinically quite similar to the first episode. Finally, some children may have their first episode of virus-induced wheezing during the second year of life, with the age of onset being the only feature that is different from a typical episode of bronchiolitis.It has been suggested that clinicians use the response of the wheezing infant to a single subcutaneous dose of epinephrine to distinguish bronchiolitis from asthma. This is inappropriate because a small number of infants who have true bronchiolitis respond to the first course of beta-adrenergic agents while many patients with status asthmaticus do not.
35<sup>th</sup> Annual David W Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis: Abstracts of the 2014 Annual Meeting (2015)

The 35(th) Annual David W Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis was held on July 25-30, 2014 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. The conference, which honors the legacy of David Smith, brought together over 130 clinicians and researchers interested in congenital malformations and their underlying mechanisms of morphogenesis. As is the tradition of the meeting, the Workshop highlighted five themes besides mechanisms of morphogenesis: Evolution and Development, Minor Malformations, CHARGE syndrome, Craniofacial Development/ Malformations, and Disorders of Chromatin Remodeling. This Conference Report includes the abstracts presented at the Workshop.
Protein delivery into cells using inorganic nanoparticle–protein supramolecular assemblies (2018)

The delivery of proteins into cells is a potential game changer for a wide array of therapeutic purposes, including cancer therapy, immunomodulation and treatment of inherited diseases. In this review, we present recently developed nanoassemblies for protein delivery that utilize strategies that range from direct assembly, encapsulation and composite formation. We will discuss factors that affect the efficacy of nanoassemblies for delivery from the perspective of both nanoparticles and proteins. Challenges in the field, particularly achieving effective cytosolar protein delivery through endosomal escape or evasion are discussed.
SIT: A Lightweight Encryption Algorithm for Secure Internet of Things (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) being a promising technology of the future is expected to connect billions of devices. The increased number of communication is expected to generate mountains of data and the security of data can be a threat. The devices in the architecture are essentially smaller in size and low powered. Conventional encryption algorithms are generally computationally expensive due to their complexity and requires many rounds to encrypt, essentially wasting the constrained energy of the gadgets. Less complex algorithm, however, may compromise the desired integrity. In this paper we propose a lightweight encryption algorithm named as Secure IoT (SIT). It is a 64-bit block cipher and requires 64-bit key to encrypt the data. The architecture of the algorithm is a mixture of feistel and a uniform substitution-permutation network. Simulations result shows the algorithm provides substantial security in just five encryption rounds. The hardware implementation of the algorithm is done on a low cost 8-bit micro-controller and the results of code size, memory utilization and encryption/decryption execution cycles are compared with benchmark encryption algo-rithms. The MATLAB code for relevant simulations is available online at https://goo.gl/Uw7E0W.
Emerging Targeted Therapy for Tumors with <i>NTRK</i> Fusion Proteins (2018)

The oncogenesis-promoting role of chromosomal rearrangements for several hematologic and solid malignancies is well recognized. However, identifying targetable, actionable, and druggable chromosomal rearrangements remains a challenge. Targeting gene fusions and chromosomal rearrangements is an effective strategy in treating gene rearrangement-driven tumors. The <i>NTRK</i> (<i>N</i>eurotrophic <i>T</i>yrosine <i>R</i>eceptor <i>K</i>inase) gene family encodes three tropomyosin-related kinase (TRK) receptors that preserve central and peripheral nervous system development and function. <i>NTRK</i> genes, similar to other genes, are subject to alterations, including fusions. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that TRK fusion proteins promote oncogenesis by mediating constitutive cell proliferation and survival. Several clinical trials have estimated the safety and efficacy of TRK fusion kinase receptor inhibitors and have demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in patients with <i>NTRK</i>-rearranged malignancies. Specifically, larotrectinib and entrectinib have emerged as potent, safe, and promising TRK inhibitors. Herein, we discuss the potential oncogenic characteristics of TRK fusion proteins in various malignancies and highlight ongoing clinical trials of kinase inhibitors targeting them.
Sugar-Based Gemini Surfactant with a Vesicle-to-Micelle Transition at Acidic pH and a Reversible Vesicle Flocculation near Neutral pH (2002)

A sugar-based (reduced glucose) gemini surfactant forms vesicles in dilute aqueous solution near neutral pH. At lower pH, there is a vesicle-to-micelle transition within a narrow pH region (pH 6.0-5.6). The vesicles are transformed into large cylindrical micelles that in turn are transformed into small globular micelles at even lower pH. In the vesicular pH region, the vesicles are positively charged at pH < 7 and exhibit a good colloidal stability. However, close to pH 7, the vesicles become unstable and rapidly flocculate and eventually sediment out from the solution. We find that the flocculation correlates with low vesicle zeta-potentials and the behavior is thus well predicted by the classical DLVO theory of colloidal stability. Surprisingly, we find that the vesicles are easily redispersed by increasing the pH to above pH 7.5. We show that this is due to a vesicle surface charge reversal resulting in negatively charged vesicles at pH > 7.1. Adsorption, or binding, of hydroxide ions to the vesicular surface is likely the cause for the charge reversal, and a hydroxide ion binding constant is calculated using a Poisson-Boltzmann model.