gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transdermal Drug Delivery System for Deferoxamine Improves Vascularity and Fat Graft Take Postirradiation (2019)

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is an important curative and preventative oncologic treatment but causes significant collateral damage to healthy soft tissue in the radiation field. The long-term outcome of radiotherapy is pathologic tissue fibrosis, which distorts tissue esthetic appearance, impairs function, and can profoundly effect patient quality of life. Fat grafting is gaining popularity as a technique able to restore and regenerate irradiated tissue. Grafted fat, however, is often poorly retained in the damaged and hypovascular recipient site. We have previously shown that preconditioning the irradiated tissue with subcutaneous injections of deferoxamine (DFO) can improve perfusion and subsequent fat graft retention. Repeated subcutaneous injections, however, may be painful and further irritate the recipient site. In this study, we therefore explored whether DFO preconditioning using a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) could reverse radiation-induced soft tissue damage and enhance subsequent fat graft survival. METHODS: Female CD-1 nude mice underwent external beam irradiation of the scalp with 30 Gy fractionated in 5 Gy doses every 2 days for a total of 12 days. After a 5-week recovery period, mice either received a DFO–TDDS or a control carrier TDDS, which was replaced changed every other day for a 2-week period. Laser Doppler analysis was recorded before irradiation, following irradiation, and 24 hours following each TDDS treatment. Human lipoaspirate was then injected into the subcutaneous plane of the scalp (200 μl/graft), and fat graft retention was monitored radiographically every 2 weeks for 8 weeks total, at which point the skin and transplanted fat were harvested for mechanical strength testing and histologic analysis. Blood samples were obtained from mice receiving the DFO–TDDS after 24 hours to assess systemic levels of DFO by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The DFO–TDDS application resulted in significantly increased perfusion at the recipient site, as indicated by both laser Doppler analysis and CD31 immunofluorescent staining. The mice receiving DFO treated also had reduced skin stiffness, and significantly greater fat retention compared to the mice receiving the control carrier TDDS. Intravenous systemic levels of DFO were below a quantifiable level at 24 hours after DFO–TDDS placement. CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal DFO delivery offers an effective and noninvasive mechanism to improve perfusion and reduce stiffness of irradiated tissue. These findings are also associated with improved fat graft retention at irradiated, DFO-preconditioned recipient sites making this approach promising in the reconstruction of postoncologic irradiated soft tissue defects.
Towards picoTesla Magnetic Field Detection Using a GMR-MEMS Hybrid Device (2012)

We are developing a novel MEMS-magnetoresistive hybrid device aimed at ultra low magnetic field detection. The hybrid device combines magnetoresistive (MR) sensors and AlN based piezoelectric MEMS resonators. The MR sensor can achieve highly sensitive magnetic field detection but suffers from high magnetic and electrical 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise, limiting its applicability for dc and low-frequency field detection. We overcome this problem by using two piezoelectric cantilevers with integrated magnetic flux concentrators (MFC) to mechanically modulate the external magnetic fields into the high frequency region where the 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise in the MR device vanishes. In this paper we report our fabrication approach and preliminary characterization of the hybrid device.
Generating Hydrogen Gas from Methane with Carbon Captured as Pure Spheroidal Nanomaterials (2011)

Energy production by using hydrogen gas as a feedstock is considered to be one of the keys to creating clean energy, with the proviso that the gas is generated in a sustainable way with no emissions. A simple, self-sustaining process generating hydrogen gas from methane using inexpensive stainless steel wire-mesh catalysts at elevated temperatures (800 °C) is reported. A theoretical analysis of the production of electricity by this process revealed peak chain energy efficiencies up to 21% (emission free) when using a percentage of the produced hydrogen (approximately 40% of purified yield) as the heat source. In addition, a practical method has been developed to purify the carbon byproduct, affording essentially pure highly graphitic spheroidal carbon for advanced materials applications.
Synthesis and biological activity of 3-amino-5-(3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole. An amiloride prodrug (1986)

The pyrazinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 4a and 4b were synthesized by two different approaches. The corresponding N-methyloxadiazolium salts 13a and 13b were also prepared. These compounds were evaluated for their diuretic and saluretic activity in rats and dogs. All compounds exhibited electrolyte excretion profiles similar to amiloride 1. The facile conversion of 4a to 1 was demonstrated chemically and in vivo in both rats and dogs.
Towards an approach and framework for test-execution plan derivation (2011)

In industrial test and maintenance projects, test execution plans are important for performing test cycle in a time constrained manner with the objective, of delivering the expected quality by effective utilization of resources. To take advantage of the inherent parallelism in test suites, multiple resources are often deployed to test an application. The resource allocation is however driven more by costs and risks and does not exploit the parallelism. Test execution plans are often static in nature and are not well equipped to handle dynamically occurring events like abends, and changes in resource availability and test requirements. Derivation of test plans is a cumbersome activity, as it also needs to take into account test execution order, violation of which may result in unexpected failures. In this paper, we describe an approach to derive a test execution plan to facilitate parallel execution, given resource availability and test case dependencies. The execution plan provides workload distribution and scheduling of the test cases in a test suite. The case studies on test projects have shown that the derived test plans can contribute significantly towards improving the test execution cycles of the test suites.
High-power, single-mode ARROW-type diode lasers (1995)

Diode laser sources which operate in a stable, single spatial mode to high output powers have a variety of applications including free-space communications and high-speed, high-resolution printing. These applications demand that the diode source, in addition to having a long lifetime, maintain mode stability throughout the operation of the device. Built-in positive-index-guided structures have demonstrated 0.2 W cw single spatial mode with reliable operation,1 which is limited by the width of the emitting aperture (typically 3 µm). Reliable operation at higher power levels can only be achieved by increasimitting aperture, thereby reducing the optical power density at the facet. The approach, taken here, utilizes the antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) structure2-4 as the built-in real-index waveguide to stabilize the lateral optical mode of the diode laser. ARROW structures, studied extensively as passive waveguides,5 are known to propagate a low loss, large spot-size optical mode. It is therefore natural to extend these concepts to stabilize the lateral mode of a diode laser.
Metal/semiconductor separation of single‐wall carbon nanotubes by selective adsorption and desorption for agarose gel (2010)

Abstract Metallic and semiconducting single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were separated by selective adsorption and desorption using agarose gel beads and SWCNTs/sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion. Comparison to the batch method, the purities of metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs obtained by a column method were improved to 90 and 95%, respectively. When linear‐gradient elution was applied to the column method, semiconducting SWCNTs and presumed mixed bundles could be separated into early‐ and late‐eluted fractions, respectively. In the semiconducting fractions, chirality separation was also detected.
Analysis of a memristor based 1T1M crossbar architecture (2011)

The recently discovered memristor has the potential to be the building block of a high-density memory system. A memristor based crossbar memory system was analyzed in terms of timing and switching energy using SPICE. The memristor model in the simulations was designed to match the I-V characteristics of three different published devices. The simulation results for each device were compared to demonstrate the performance of a one transistor one memristor (1T1M) memristor crossbar.
Segmentation of brain from computed tomography head images (2005)

An algorithm to determine the human brain (gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM)) from computed tomography (CT) head volumes with large slice thickness is proposed based on thresholding and brain mask propagation. Firstly, a 2D reference image is chosen to represent the intensity characteristics of the original 3D data set. Secondly, the region of interest of the reference image is determined as the space enclosed by the skull. Fuzzy C-means clustering is employed to determine the threshold for head mask and the low threshold for brain segmentation. The high threshold is calculated as the weighted intensity average of the boundary pixels between bones and GM/WM. Based on the low and high thresholds, the CT volume is binarized, followed by finding the brain candidates through distance criterion. Finally the brain is identified through brain mask propagation using the spatial relationship of neighboring axial slices. The algorithm has been validated against one non-enhanced CT and one enhanced CT volume with pathology.
Tumor‐targeting and anti‐tumor activity of anti‐claudin‐3/‐4 antibody (1062.7) (2014)

Claudins (CLDNs) comprise a tetra‐transmembrane protein family with ~20 members, which are located in the lateral membrane between adjacent epithelial cells. Because of loss of cellular polarity during malignant transformation, CLDN often migrates from the lateral membrane and becomes exposed on epithelial cell surfaces. CLDN3 and CLDN4 are targets for tumor therapy because they are overexpressed in various malignant tumors. We previously optimized a protocol for immunization with CLDN and developed 8 rat anti‐CLDN4 monoclonal antibodies, one of which recognized both CLDN3 and CLDN4. In this study, we focused on the CLDN3/4 antibody. The CLDN3/4 antibody showed high affinity for CLDN4 (K D value: 4.3 nM). We fluorescently labeled the CLDN3/4 antibody and intravenously injected it into mice bearing tumors (human colon cancer Lovo cells, or human gastric cancer MKN74 cells). The CLDN3/4 antibody accumulated in tumor tissues and attenuated tumor growth without apparent adverse effects in the Lovo‐ and MKN74‐bearing mice. Furthermore, CLDN3/4 antibody activated the Fcγ receptor in vitro . Therefore, the CLDN3/4 antibody may exert its anti‐tumor activity through antibody‐dependent cellular toxicity. These findings suggest that the CLDN3/4 antibody is a candidate anti‐tumor agent. Grant Funding Source : supported by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan
Improving the reliability of the label distribution protocol (2002)

The LDP (label distribution protocol) is used in the control plane to control an optical network. The data plane and the control plane of an optical network could be physically separate. So a failure in the control plane does not necessarily imply a data plane failure and that user communications have to be interrupted. The standard LDP, however, does not provide any mechanism to recover the knowledge stored in LDP entities about the status of the data plane after the faults are fixed. This is a reliability problem of LDP and results in the unnecessary degradation of user communications. On the other hand, in MPLS-enabled IP networks, being able to recover LDP sessions would be potentially faster and more scalable than to re-establish all affected LSPs. The proposed recovery method of LDP for the control plane failures uses label information mirrors (LIMs) in upstream downstream label switching routers (LSRs). Each LIM is a copy of the label information database (LID) in the LSR of an LDP session. We propose a systematic approach to synchronize the contents of a LIM and the corresponding LID, and show how a LIM is used to handle a control plane failure. Detailed descriptions of the recovery procedure for both control channel failures and control node failures are presented. Some significant features of the proposal are outlined.
Synthesis and Anti-juvenile Hormone Activity of 1-Citronellyl-5-substituted Imidazoles (1984)

Journal Article Synthesis and Anti-juvenile Hormone Activity of 1-Citronellyl-5-substituted Imidazoles Get access Eiichi Kuwano, Eiichi Kuwano Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryuko Takeya, Ryuko Takeya Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Morifusa Eto Morifusa Eto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 12, 1 December 1984, Pages 3115–3119, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866647 Published: 01 December 1984 Article history Received: 13 July 1984 Published: 01 December 1984
Total Synthesis of Ciguatoxin CTX3C, a Causative Toxin of Ciguatera Seafood Poisoning (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient optic cup localization using regional propagation based on retinal structure priors (2012)

We present a regional propagation approach based on retinal structure priors to localize the optic cup in 2D fundus images, which is the primary image component clinically used for identifying glaucoma. This method provides three major contributions. First, it proposes processing of the fundus images at the superpixel level, which leads to more descriptive and effective features than those employed by pixel based techniques, without additional computational cost. Second, the proposed approach does not need manually labeled training samples, but uses the structural priors on relative cup and disc positions. Third, a refinement scheme that utilizes local context information is adopted to further improve the accuracy. Tested on the ORIGA-light clinical dataset, which comprises of 325 images from a population-based study, the proposed method achieves a 34.9% non-overlap ratio with manually-labeled ground-truth and a 0.104 absolute cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) error. This level of accuracy is much higher than the state-of-the-art pixel based techniques, with a comparable or even less computational cost.
Process for producing hydrogen from water using cobalt and barium compounds and compositions useful therein. [Patent application] (1978)

A thermochemical process for producing hydrogen comprises the step of reacting CoO with BaO or Ba(OH)/sub 2/ in the presence of steam to produce H/sub 2/ and novel double oxides of Ba and Co having the empirical formulas BaCoO/sub 2/./sub 33/ and Ba/sub 2/CoO/sub 3/./sub 33/. The double oxide can be reacted with H/sub 2/O to form Co/sub 3/O/sub 4/ and Ba(OH)/sub 2/ which can be recycled to the original reaction. The Co/sub 3/O/sub 4/ is converted to CoO by either of two procedures. In one embodiment Co/sub 3/O/sub 4/ is heated, preferably in steam, to form CoO. In another embodiment Co/sub 3/O/sub 4/ is reacted with aqueous HCl solution to produce CoCl/sub 2/ and Cl/sub 2/. The CoCl/sub 2/ is reacted with H/sub 2/O to form CoO and HCl and the CoO is recycled to the initial reaction step. The Cl/sub 2/ can be reacted with H/sub 2/O to produce HCl. HCl can be recycled for reaction with Co/sub 3/O/sub 4/.
Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors on-fiber (2012)

We present a design of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector fabricated on a core of a single mode optical fiber. The proposed design allows high overlap between the fiber light mode and the detector, and consequently, our fabricated devices can remain small in dimension and maintain speed of operation, without sacrificing the detection efficiency. The on-fiber fabrication method is detailed, together with experimental results. The proposed method can be exploited in the future for the fabrication of other fiber coupled devices.
Broadening the Applicable Scope of Seed-Directed, Organic Structure-Directing Agent-Free Synthesis of Zeolite to Zincosilicate Components: A Case of VET-Type Zincosilicate Zeolites (2014)

Seed-directed synthesis of zeolite without using organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) has been considered to be a low-cost, environmentally friendly technique, potentially for application in the commercial manufacture of zeolites. The synthesis of zincosilicate zeolites by this method is thought to be more difficult than the aluminosilicate and borosilicate analogues, mainly because of the highly dissolution of zincosilicates in alkali solutions and the lack of comprehensive, structural information of intermediate zincosilicate species in zeolite synthesis systems. Here, a successful synthesis of zincosilicate zeolites possessing the VET-type structure by the seed-directed, OSDA-free method is reported for the first time. The obtained products show comparable pore characteristics and superior acidities to those of the seed crystals synthesized with OSDAs. In addition, VET-type zincoaluminosilicate zeolites are synthesized, which show better acidities than those of zincosilicate counterparts. In contrast, a layered silicate magadiite is formed under the identical synthesis conditions but without seeding; interestingly, a 5–3 unit, a structural unit with 8 tetrahedral atoms consisting of a 5-membered ring and liner 3 tetrahedral atoms, is found to be a common structural unit between magadiite and VET-type zeolite. Analyses of the intermediate matters formed during the synthesis reveal that the intermediates have similar chemical compositions and medium-range orders (silicate ring-structures) to the resultant zeolites, suggesting that selective incorporations of Zn and Li ions into solids and minimal structural changes during synthesis are critical to achieve VET-type zincosilicate zeolite. It is anticipated that these findings can help and stimulate us to broaden the applicable scope of the seed-directed, OSDA-free method, thus far mostly limited to aluminosilicate and borosilicate zeolites, to zincosilicate and other metallosilicate compositions.
Single molecular observation of the apolipoprotein B and its folding intermediates in reassembled low density lipoprotein (2010)

Low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) is a clinical significant marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Each particle of LDL contains only one molecule of apolipoprotein B (apoB). In human, the liver secretes full‐length apoB (apoB‐100) which also serves as a ligand for receptor‐mediated uptake of LDL by a variety of cell types. The deficiency of the LDL assembly may play a vital role in many diseases progression. Therefore, it is desired to reveal the folding/assembly process of ApoB. However, it is challenge to monitor its folding/assembly intermediates due to its high insolubility in an aqueous solution. In this study, we had purified LDL from human plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation and the apoB‐100 had been isolated from LDL by ice cheer method. ApoB was dissolved in the denature buffer which contained detergents. The apoB‐100 protein was refolded by the way of an over‐critical refolding process. The folding intermediates of apoB‐100 and its truncated mutants could be observed by immunofluorescence microscopy analysis at the single molecular level. Our data indicate that the N terminus of apoB is important for LDL assembly and stabilization. This study can help the understating the mechanism of lipoproteins folding. Meanwhile, the transportation of LDL in the living body can be monitored, too.
DNA methylation biomarkers of cancer: moving toward clinical application (2004)

While different markers for cancer diagnosis have been known for at least a decade, the systematic search for biomarkers emerged only several years ago. In this article, I will concentrate on DNA methylation as a dynamic and robust platform for the development of cancer-specific biomarkers. Simultaneous analysis of a growing number of independent methylation events can create increasingly more precise and individualized diagnostics. The differential detection of methylated and unmethylated DNA can be accomplished through either chemical modification or digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme(s). The benefits and potential pitfalls of both these approaches for clinical sample analysis will be addressed.
Generalized Self-Driven AC-DC Synchronous Rectification Techniques for Single- and (2011)

This paper extends the single-phase self-driven synchronous rectification (SDSR) technique to multiphase ac-dc systems. Power MOSFETs with either voltage- or current-sensing self-driven gate drives are used to replace the diodes in the rectifier circuits. The generalized methodology allows multiphase SDSRs to be designed to replace the multiphase diode rectifiers. Unlike the traditional SR that is designed for high-frequency power convert- ers, the SDSR proposed here can be a direct replacement of the power diode bridges for both low- and high-frequency operations. The SDSR utilizes its output dc voltage to supply power to its control circuit. No start-up control is needed because the body diodes of the power MOSFETs provide the diode rectifier for the initial start-up stage. The generalized method is demonstrated in 2-kW one-phase and three-phase SDSRs for inductive, capacitive, and resistive loads. Power loss reduction in the range of 50%-69% has been achieved for the resistive load.
Weldability of 10 Nickel Modified Type Steel. (1977)

Abstract : Several filler metal heats, melted to a base composition of 14Co-10Ni-2Cr-1Mo-0.16C-bal Fe (AF 1410 steel) with controlled levels of impurity/deoxidizing elements, were evaluated by three arc welding processes. The CW-GTAW deposited weld metal exhibited the best balance between strength and toughness. Maximum fusion zone toughness was associated with low levels of Al, S, and O. A high purity filler metal composition deposited by the CW-GTAW process resulted in post weld aged mechanical properties of TYS-212 Ksi (1462 MPa), TUS-224 Ksi (1544 MPa), CVN absorbed energy - 43.5 ft-lbf (58.9J), and K(ISCC) - 91 KSI square root of (in.) (100 MPA square root of (M)). The post weld aged HAZ notch toughness exceeded 34 ft-lbf (46.1J) absorbed energy at equivalent FZ strength levels for all the arc weld processes evaluated. The as-deposited (last pass) CW-GTAW fusion zone microstructure consisted of dislocated lath martensite, minor quantities of interlath retained austenite, and widmanstatten cementite. Post weld aging of multi-pass weld microstructures led to complete dissolution of cementite platelets in favor of alloy carbide precipitation and large amounts of reverted austenite at lath boundary and intralath sites. (Author)