gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Ti-TADDOLate-Catalyzed Diels-Alder Addition of 3-Butenoyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one to Cyclopentadiene. General Features of Ti-BINOLate- and Ti-TADDOLate-Mediated Reactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Ti-TADDOLate-Catalyzed Diels-Alder Addition of 3-Butenoyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one to Cyclopentadiene. General Features of Ti-BINOLate- and Ti-TADDOLate-Mediated ReactionsDieter Seebach, Robert Dahinden, Roger E. Marti, Albert K. Beck, Dietmar A. Plattner, and Florian N. M. KuehnleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1788–1799Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00111a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1506Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AlGaAs-GaAs polarization converter with electrooptic phase mismatch control (2001)

We designed and fabricated an electrooptic transverse magnetic-transverse electric mode converter with phase mismatch control integrated in AlGaAs-GaAs. The electrode scheme, which is reported for the first time in such a device, insures a high polarization conversion efficiency with low-driving voltages.
Concordance of MERFISH Spatial Transcriptomics with Bulk and Single-cell RNA Sequencing (2022)

Abstract Spatial transcriptomics extends single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) by providing spatial context for cell type identification and analysis. Imaging-based spatial technologies such as Multiplexed Error-Robust Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (MERFISH) can achieve single-cell resolution, directly mapping single cell identities to spatial positions. MERFISH produces an intrinsically different data type than scRNA-seq and a technical comparison between the two modalities is necessary to ascertain how to best integrate them. We performed MERFISH on mouse liver and kidney and compared the resulting bulk and single-cell RNA statistics with those from the Tabula Muris Senis cell atlas as well as from two Visium datasets. MERFISH quantitatively reproduced the bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq results with improvements in overall dropout rates and sensitivity. Finally, we found that MERFISH independently resolved distinct cell types and spatial structure in both liver and kidney. Computational integration with the Tabula Muris Senis atlas did not enhance these results. We conclude that compared to scRNA-seq, MERFISH provides a quantitatively comparable method for measuring single-cell gene expression and can robustly identify cell types without the need for computational integration with scRNA-seq reference atlases.
Inflammation and Liver Cancer (2009)

A connection between inflammation and cancer has been long suspected. Epidemiological studies have established that many tumors occur in association with chronic infectious diseases, and it is also known that persistent inflammation in the absence of infections increases the risk and accelerates the development of cancer. One clear example of inflammation-related cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a type tumor that slowly unfolds on a background of chronic inflammation mainly triggered by exposure to infectious agents (hepatotropic viruses) or to toxic compounds (ethanol). The molecular links that connect inflammation and cancer are not completely known, but evidences gathered over the past few years are beginning to define the precise mechanisms. In this article we review the most compelling evidences on the role of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and STAT3, cytokines like IL-6 and IL-1alpha, ligands of the EGF receptor and other inflammatory mediators in cancer development, with special emphasis in HCC. The molecular dissection of the pathways connecting the inflammatory reaction and neoplasia will pave the way for better therapies to treat cancers.
<i>In situ</i> monitoring of ion sputtering and thermal annealing of crystalline surfaces using an oblique-incidence optical reflectance difference method (1998)

We demonstrate that the morphology of crystalline surfaces during ion sputtering and thermal annealing can be monitored in situ with an oblique-incidence polarization-modulated optical reflectance difference technique. Such a technique is effective under high ambient pressures as well as ultrahigh vacuum. We studied the Ne ion sputtering and thermal annealing of Ni(111) from 623 to 823 K. We found that the rate-limiting step (with an activation energy of 1.1 eV/atom) during annealing is most likely to be direct evaporation of Ni atoms from step edges.
Fibrin Glue Sealing for the Prevention of Pancreatic Fistulas Following Distal Pancreatectomy (1995)

Intraoperative use of fibrin glue following distal pancreatectomy could prevent pancreatic fistula formation. This method was feasible, safe, and reliable and will complement other prophylactic methods.
Over 1.0 kV GaN <i>p</i>–<i>n</i> junction diodes on free‐standing GaN substrates (2011)

Abstract This report describes the fabrication and characteristics of GaN p – n junction diodes on free‐standing GaN substrates with low dislocation density. We have demonstrated GaN p – n junction diodes with a unique field‐plate (FP) structure. The breakdown voltage V B is further improved due to the FP structure and the low dislocation density. The breakdown voltage of a diode of 60 µm in diameter with the FP structure is over −1000 V, and the leakage current is below 10 −9 A until reaching the breakdown voltage. Even in larger diodes (100 and 200 µm in diameter) with FP, the breakdown voltage is over −800 V. However, the specific on‐resistance R on is high due to damage by the plasma process of sputtering. The specific on‐resistance is further improved due to using a low damage passivation film. As a result, a specific on‐resistance of 1.2 mΩ · cm 2 is obtained.
Oxidation of Single‐Crystal Silicon Carbide: Part I . Experimental Studies (1990)

The oxidation of single crystal in dry oxygen (10−3–1 atm and 1200°–1500°C) followed parabolic kinetics. Two different apparent activation energies were calculated for oxidation of the (0001) C faces of , approximately 120 kJ/mol below 1350°C and 260 kJ/mol above 1350°C. Two regimes were not apparent for oxidation of the (0001) Si faces, and apparent activation energies lay between 223 and 298 kJ/mol. Double oxidation experiments using and indicated that the process is dominated by the transport of molecular oxygen at lower temperatures (<1300°C) with a substantial contribution from diffusion of ionic oxygen at higher temperatures. Epitaxially grown Si 13C films on alpha‐Si 12C substrates via CVD were used to study carbon transport behavior during oxidation of . Depth profiles for carbonaceous species using SIMS showed that carbon can transport quickly through the oxide layer, which eliminates the possibility that transport of carbonaceous species is rate controlling in the oxidation of . Oxidation mechanisms of are discussed on the basis of these results.
Fast bistable wavelength switching characteristics in two-electrode distributed feedback laser (1990)

Fast bistable wavelength switching between two longitudinal modes separated by 1.7 nm was achieved in a two-electrode distributed feedback laser with inhomogeneous excitation. As a result, a fast wavelength switching time less than 200 ps was observed in this device. In addition, high-speed repetitive wavelength switching operation up to 1 GHz was achieved. This indicates that the device is capable of repetitive wavelength switching within 1 ns, including delay time and rise time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Breath-borne VOC Biomarkers for COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract Rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 is key to controlling the pandemic. Here we report the potential breath-borne volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers for COVID-19. Higher levels of ethyl butanoate were detected in exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients (N=10) than healthy controls/health care workers (N=21), lung cancer (LC) patients (N=7) and backgrounds. In contrast, breath-borne butyraldehyde and isopropanol (an efficient SARS-CoV-2 inactivation agent) were significantly higher for non-COVID-19 respiratory infections (URTI) (N=22) than COVID-19, HC, LC patients and backgrounds. Breath-borne isopropanol emission from COVID-19 patients varied greatly up to ∼100-fold difference. COVID-19 patients had lower acetone levels than other subjects, except LC patients. The monitoring of ethyl butanoate, butyraldehyde and isopropanol could lend considerable support in rapidly screening COVID-19; and alerting the presence of COVID-19 patient in particular environments. One Sentence Summary COVID-19 patients emit distinctive VOC profiles
Diastolic viscous properties of the intact canine left ventricle. (1990)

The viscoelastic model of the ventricle predicts that the rate of change of volume (strain rate) is a determinant of the instantaneous pressure in the ventricle during diastole. Because relaxation is not complete before the onset of filling, one cannot distinguish the individual effects of relaxation and viscosity unless the passive and active components that determine the ventricular pressure are separated. To overcome this problem, we used the method of ventricular volume clamping to compare the pressures in the fully relaxed ventricle at a given volume at zero strain rate (static pressure) and high strain rate (dynamic pressure). Six open-chest, fentanyl-anesthetized dogs were instrumented with micromanometers and an electronically controlled mitral valve occluder in series with the electromagnetic flow probe. We reasoned as follows: If there were significant viscosity, then the dynamic pressure would be higher than the static pressure. The static pressure was measured when the ventricle was completely relaxed following a mitral valve occlusion after an arbitrary filling volume had been achieved. The dynamic pressure was determined by delaying the onset of filling until relaxation was complete and then measuring the pressure at the same volume that was achieved when the static pressure was measured. In 19 different hemodynamic situations, the dynamic and static pressures were identical (mean difference, 0.1 +/- 0.8 mm Hg), indicating that in the passive ventricle viscoelastic effects are insignificant and do not contribute to the left ventricular diastolic pressure under normal filling rates.
Oxygen-Rich Porous Carbon Derived from Biomass for Mercury Removal: An Experimental and Theoretical Study (2018)

A porous carbon was synthesized by the combination of freeze-drying and CO<sub>2</sub> activation from starch. Nonthermal plasma was employed to quickly produce oxygen functional groups on a porous carbon surface. The plasma treatment has a negligible effect on the textural properties of the porous carbon. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggested that the plasma treatment significantly increased the amount and promoted the evolution of oxygen groups on surface. The unique pore structure of porous carbon was proven favorable to effective oxygen loading. The elemental mercury (Hg<sup>0</sup>) adsorption ability of the oxygen enriched porous carbon was tested. The results indicated that the oxygen-rich porous carbon constitutes an effective sorbent for Hg<sup>0</sup> removal. The excellent textural properties, surface atomic oxygen concentration, and the type of oxygen group are the three key factors for realizing high Hg<sup>0</sup> removal performance. Density functional calculations were performed to understand the effect of oxygen groups on Hg<sup>0</sup> adsorption. Carbonyl and ester groups are beneficial for Hg<sup>0</sup> adsorption, whereas epoxy, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups inhibit Hg<sup>0</sup> adsorption. Plasma treatment enhances Hg<sup>0</sup> adsorption by increasing the amount of ester and carbonyl groups on surface.
Decision quality support in diagnostic breast ultrasound through artificial Intelligence (2016)

Medical Ultrasonography is a valuable imaging technology for medical diagnostics and, more recently, as a screening alternative to mammography for women with dense breasts. However, ultrasound imaging within the contexts of both diagnostic and screening mammography suffers from inter-operator and intra-operator variability. Consequently, there is a broad distribution of performance profiles, even for radiologists of similar training. Typically, these profiles tend to err on the side of caution, preferring false positive errors to false negative errors. While this approach may lead to a higher Cancer Detection Rate (CDR), it also lowers the Positive Predictive Value (PPV3) of performed biopsies. A lower PPV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> translates to an increase in benign biopsies, the annual cost of which are estimated to be on the order of $1 - $3 billion USD (not including pathological workups). And, of course, there is the immeasurable cost of pain, worry, and suffering borne by women undergoing these potentially unnecessary procedures. In this paper, we evaluate the ability of the ClearView cCAD algorithms to increase overall performance and reduce the inter-operator variance on a set of imaged lesions. The cCAD system provides an automated assessment of some ACR BI-RADs criteria and calculates a preliminary BI-RADs assessment, given as BI-RADS categorical bucket (1-3) or (4-5). Through the evaluation of 1300 breast lesion images, 3 MQSA certified radiologists were asked to determine both a Likelihood of Malignancy (LoM) and a BI-RADs assessment, from which their ROC curve AUC as well as PPV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> could be calculated. The cCAD system was also evaluated, on the same set of lesions, by a similar set of metrics. From this analysis we have been able to show that the cCAD system outperforms radiologists at all operating points within the scope of this study design. Furthermore, we've shown that through simple fusion schemes we are able to increase performance beyond that of either the cCAD system or the radiologist alone by all typically tracked quality metrics, and significantly reduce inter-operator variance.
Diamagnetic levitation changes growth, cell cycle, and gene expression of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2007)

Inhomogeneous magnetic fields are used in magnetic traps to levitate biological specimens by exploiting the natural diamagnetism of virtually all materials. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this report investigates whether magnetic field (B) induces changes in growth, cell cycle, and gene expression. Comparison to the effects of gravity and temperature allowed determination of whether the responses are general pathways or stimulus specific. Growth and cell cycle analysis were examined in wild-type (WT) yeast and strains with deletions in transcription factors Msn4 or Sfp1. Msn4, Sfp1, and Rap1 have been implicated in responses to physical forces, but only Msn4 and Sfp1 deletions are viable. Gene expression changes were examined in strains bearing GFP-tagged reporters for YIL052C (Sfp1-dependent), YST-2 (Sfp1/Rap1-dependent), or SSA4 (Msn4-dependent). The cell growth and gene expression responses were highly stimulus specific. B increased growth only following Msn4 or Sfp1 deletion, associated with decreased G1 and G2/M and increased S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, B suppressed expression of both YIL052C and YST2. Gravity decreased growth in an Sfp1 but not Msn4-dependent manner, in association with decreased G2/M and increased S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, gravity decreased expression of SSA4 and YIL052C genes. Temperature increased cell growth in an Msn4- and Sfp1-dependent manner in association with increased G1 and G2/M with decreased S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, temperature increased YIL052C gene expression. This study shows that B has selective effects on cell growth, cell cycle, and gene expression that are stimulus specific.
Aqueous Extracts of the Marine Brown Alga Lobophora variegata Inhibit HIV-1 Infection at the Level of Virus Entry into Cells (2014)

In recent years, marine algae have emerged as a rich and promising source of molecules with potent activities against various human pathogens. The widely distributed brown alga Lobophora variegata that is often associated with tropical coral reefs exerts strong antibacterial and antiprotozoal effects, but so far has not been associated with specific anti-viral activities. This study investigated potential HIV-1 inhibitory activity of L. variegata collected from different geographical regions, using a cell-based full replication HIV-1 reporter assay. Aqueous L. variegata extracts showed strong inhibitory effects on several HIV-1 strains, including drug-resistant and primary HIV-1 isolates, and protected even primary cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infection. Anti-viral potency was related to ecological factors and showed clear differences depending on light exposition or epiphyte growth. Assays addressing early events of the HIV-1 replication cycle indicated that L. variegata extracts inhibited entry of HIV-1 into cells at a pre-fusion step possibly by impeding mobility of virus particles. Further characterization of the aqueous extract demonstrated that even high doses had only moderate effects on viability of cultured and primary cells (PBMCs). Imaging-based techniques revealed extract effects on the plasma membrane and actin filaments as well as induction of apoptosis at concentrations exceeding EC50 of anti-HIV-1 activity by more than 400 fold. In summary, we show for the first time that L. variegata extracts inhibit HIV-1 entry, thereby suggesting this alga as promising source for the development of novel HIV-1 inhibitors.
Binding of human plasminogen and lactoferrin by Helicobacter pylori coccoid forms (1996)

The interactions between Helicobacter pylori spiral and coccoid forms, extracellular matrix (ECM) and plasma proteins were studied in an 125I-labelled protein assay. The range of binding of collagen V, plasminogen, human lactoferrin (HLf) and vitronectin to coccoid forms of H. pylori NCTC 11637 was 26-48%. In contrast, binding of radiolabelled fibronectin and collagen types I and III was low (3-8%). The coccoid forms of 14 strains of H. pylori showed significant HLf binding (median 26%). With plasminogen, no significant difference was found between binding to the coccoid (median = 13%) and spiral (median = 12%) forms, of 13 of the 14 strains of H. pylori tested; the exception was strain NCTC 11637. 125I-plasminogen showed a dose-dependent binding to both the coccoid and spiral forms. Plasminogen binding to both forms was specific; the binding was inhibited by non-labelled plasminogen, plasmin, lysine, EACA (epsilon-aminocaproic acid) but not by fetuin or various carbohydrates. Similarly, HLf binding was found to be specific and was inhibited by non-labelled HLf and BLf. The coccoid forms showed either similar or enhanced ECM binding capabilities compared with the spiral forms. As the binding of ECM proteins may be an important mechanism of tissue adhesion for various pathogenic bacteria, the coccoid differentiated form of H. pylori can be considered as an infective form in the pathogenesis of helicobacter infection and type B gastritis.
A variation of Knoop, Rüthing, and Steffen's <i>Lazy Code Motion</i> (1993)

Morel and Renvoise discussed in 1979 a universal method for global code optimization in a compiler. By suppressing partial redundancies their method achieves several optimization techniques - such as moving loop invariant computations out of a loop or deleting redundant computations - at once. Their algorithm moves computations to earlier places in execution paths to eliminate partial redundancies. The movement is controlled by some heuristics.The heuristics and algorithms used by Morel and Renvoise sometimes cause difficulties for practical use. Subsequent papers partly circumvented these difficulties by slightly modifying the heuristics and the algorithms. Knoop, R&uuml;thing, and Steffen published in their paper Lazy Code Motion an optimal algorithm for the elimination of partial redundancies which entirely prevents these difficulties. This paper presents a variant of their algorithm which is better prepared for practical use.
7.4 A covalent-bonded cross-coupled current-mode sense amplifier for STT-MRAM with 1T1MTJ common source-line structure array (2015)

In this paper, we present a sensing scheme for STT-MRAM with 1T1MTJ common SL structure array: covalent-bonded cross-coupled current-mode sense amplifier (CBSA). The CBSA can fit in conventional DRAM array architecture and use two normal cells in adjacent BLs, one for storing data “1” and the other for storing data “0”, for generating reference currents for CBSA. There are 64 CBSAs in a row of 8k cells, where one CBSA and two references BLs are shared by adjacent 128 BLs. STT-MRAM cell is directly accessed instead of page opening as in DRAM. By introducing CBSAs as sensing schemes, read-access time can be reduced to under 10ns with strong robustness against wide random variations of MTJ cell resistances with a small TMR.
A method for software reliability analysis and prediction application to the TROPICO-R switching system (1991)

An evaluation method which allows existing reliability growth models to provide better predictions of software behavior is presented. The method is primarily based on the analysis of the trend exhibited by the data collected on the program (which is determined by reliability growth tests). Reliability data are then partitioned according to the trend, and two types of reliability growth models can be applied: when the data exhibit reliability decrease followed by reliability growth, an S-shaped model can be applied, and in case of reliability growth, most of the other existing reliability growth models can be applied. The hyperexponential model is shown to allow prediction of the software residual failure rate in operation, and this failure rate is used as a qualification index for the software product. The method is illustrated through its application to the Brazilian electronic switching system TROPICO-R.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predictors of Weight Loss in Adults with Topiramate‐Treated Epilepsy (2003)

Our results suggest that weight loss occurs in most adults treated with topiramate and is sustained for at least 1 year. Reduced caloric intake may account, in part, for weight loss during early treatment. The pattern of weight loss differs according to baseline BMI, with obese patients experiencing greater weight loss during continued therapy.