gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium-mediated carbonylation and coupling reactions of iodobenzene and aniline. Model reactions for the preparation of aromatic polyamides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-mediated carbonylation and coupling reactions of iodobenzene and aniline. Model reactions for the preparation of aromatic polyamidesRobert J. Perry and B. David WilsonCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 7, 1503–1508Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00059a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00059a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polarization and Thickness Dependent Absorption Properties of Black Phosphorus: New Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulse Generation (2015)

Black phosphorus (BP) has recently been rediscovered as a new and interesting two-dimensional material due to its unique electronic and optical properties. Here, we study the linear and nonlinear optical properties of BP flakes. We observe that both the linear and nonlinear optical properties are anisotropic and can be tuned by the film thickness in BP, completely different from other typical two-dimensional layered materials (e.g., graphene and the most studied transition metal dichalcogenides). We then use the nonlinear optical properties of BP for ultrafast (pulse duration down to ~786 fs in mode-locking) and large-energy (pulse energy up to >18 nJ in Q-switching) pulse generation in fiber lasers at the near-infrared telecommunication band ~1.5 μm. We observe that the output of our BP based pulsed lasers is linearly polarized (with a degree-of-polarization ~98% in mode-locking, >99% in Q-switching, respectively) due to the anisotropic optical property of BP. Our results underscore the relatively large optical nonlinearity of BP with unique polarization and thickness dependence, and its potential for polarized optical pulse generation, paving the way to BP based nonlinear and ultrafast photonic applications (e.g., ultrafast all-optical polarization switches/modulators, frequency converters etc.).
Joint Information- and Jamming-Beamforming for Physical Layer Security With Full Duplex Base Station (2014)

In this paper, we design joint information beamforming and jamming beamforming to guarantee both transmit security and receive security for a full-duplex base-station (FD-BS). Specifically, we aim to maximize the secret transmit rate while constrain the secret receive rate to be greater than a predefined bound. When FD-BS is equipped with a single transmit antenna, we derive the optimal solutions in closed-form, and interestingly, the results say that simultaneous information and jamming transmission cannot be optimal. When FD-BS is equipped with multiple transmit antennas, we convert the original nonconvex problem into a sequence of subproblems where the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation can be applied to efficiently find the optimal solutions. We strictly prove that such a relaxation does not change the optimality for these subproblems. Then the global optimal solutions of the original nonconvex problem can be obtained via a one-dimensional search. Simulation results are provided to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Abstract OT2-2-02: Phase I/II clinical trial on the combination of carboplatin, eribulin and E7449 (2015)

Abstract The combination of carboplatin and eribulin has been found to be effective in triple negative breast cancer patients. A recently conducted neoadjuvant clinical trial showed a pathologic complete response (pCR) of 45% with four cycle of carboplatin and eribulin. Recent preclinical data from EISAI suggest that there is synergy between carboplatin, eribulin and E7449 (an oral PARP inhibitor) in BRCA deficient and PTEN mutated xenograft models. Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) is DNA alterations which develop through double strand DNA breaks. The homologous recombination (HRD) Score is calculated by the number of LOH regions greater 15Mb in length and less than an entire chromosome present in the genome. A high HRD score is present in BRCA deficient tumors and predicts for sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. We propose a phase I/II clinical trial on the combination of carboplatin, eribulin and E7449. As part of the phase I clinical trial HRD will be performed and correlated to response to therapy. In the phase II clinical trial women with BRCA related breast or ovarian cancer, triple negative breast or ovarian cancer with high HRD score or PTEN deficient will be enrolled at a dose level found during the phase I clinical trial. Tissue will be requested to test for PARP inhibition. The primary endpoint of the phase II clinical trial is response rate. A total of 30 patients will be enrolled to the phase II clinical trial. Citation Format: Virginia Kaklamani, Ruth o'Regan, Kari Wisinski, Kent Hoskins, James Wade, William Gradishar. Phase I/II clinical trial on the combination of carboplatin, eribulin and E7449 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-2-02.
Measurement of minute corrosion of copper thin film by a quartz crystal microbalance. (1990)

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique can detect sensitively a small weight change during minute corrosion of metal thin film from the measurement of change in resonance frequency of quartz crystal. The QCM technique has been applied to monitor the minute corrosion of copper thin film in air or nitrogen gas with different relative humidities containing H2S of 20ppm at 30°C.The weight gain due to sulfide formation as corrosion products on the copper thin film obeyed a linear rate law at the initial stage and subsequently obeyed a prabolic rate law. The linear and parabolic rate constants obtained from the time-variation of weight gain were influenced by the relative humidity and oxygen in air. The corrosion mechanism was discussed from the view-point of electrochemistry.Furthermore, the QCM technique has been applied to investigate the anodic oxidation process of copper thin film in pH 8.4 borate solution. The real electric current, Ireal measured during anodic oxidation at a constant potential in the passive region was compared with the apparent current, Iapp calculated from the frequency change in QCM. It was shown that the dissolution rate of Cu2+ ions through the passive film into solution and the uptake rate of oxygen in the film could be separately evaluated from the comparison between Ireal and Iapp at the high anodic potential where the dissolution of Cu+ ions was negligibly small.These results has revealed that the QCM technique is one of the most powerful tools for the study on minute corrosion of metal thin film.
Atmospheric-turbulence compensation by resonant optical backscattering from the sodium layer in the upper atmosphere (1994)

A new concept is described for creating artificial beacons for atmospheric-turbulence compensation. A laser tuned to the sodium D2 line is used to excite resonant optical backscattering from the sodium layer in the upper atmosphere. The performance of such a system is compared with that expected from artificial beacons based on Rayleigh scattering in the lower atmosphere. It is found that sodium scattering has a more favorable scaling to large-aperture systems. Applications to the compensation of ground-based astronomical telescopes for atmospheric turbulence are described.
<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>: Emerging Resistance and Need for Alternative Agents (1998)

Previously, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from the blood of hospitalized patients were often considered contaminants. Now, coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the leading causes of nosocomial blood infections. Multidrug resistance could predict a true nosocomial infection rather than a blood culture contaminant. Recent studies indicated the emergence of resistance to the quinolones, particularly to ciprofloxacin. Tolerance and occasional resistance to vancomycin have been reported recently. In addition, several reports indicated that vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics lose their effectiveness against S. epidermidis organisms embedded in the biofilm environment on the surface of medical devices. Alternative agents have been proposed in the prevention and treatment of device-related and glycopeptide-tolerant S. epidermidis infections. These agents include minocycline, rifampin, and, more recently, quinupristin/dalfopristin and the oxazolidinones.
Marguerite Naseau—Pointing to Cyberspace? (2000)

Margeurite Naseau, one of the first Daughters of Charity, taught herself and other village girls like her to read. John Freund uses her life to illustrate the importance of Internet literacy in the service of persons who are poor. With specific examples, he explains how members of the Vincentian Family can use the Internet to unite themselves and to serve the poor, and how they are already doing so. He also emphasizes how vital it is to empower poor persons with the tools and the skills to exist in the information age. The widening gap between the rich and the poor has a direct correlation to access to information. Finally, he points out how the Internet can be used in Vincentian formation, evangelization, and vocational outreach, particularly among youth and senior citizens.
Abatement of volatile organic compounds by corona discharge. A study of the reactivity of trichloroethylene under atmospheric pressure ionization conditions (1997)

Non-equilibrium plasma based technologies are currently being developed for the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The promising results obtained so far encourage efforts in fundamental research to improve our knowledge of the processes involved. To gain insight into the role played by analyte-derived ionic species we have investigated the ion chemistry of trichlorethylene (TCE), a representative VOC, in air at ambient pressure by means of an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization commercial mass spectrometer. Different experimental conditions were examined with regard to the following parameters: ion source temperature, water and TCE concentrations, and extraction potential. Notably, modulation of the variable extraction potential provided a means to probe structure and reactivity of the ionic species of interest. Products resulting from TCE oxidation were observed in the analysis of both positive and negative ions. Particularly prominent is a C2H2Cl2O+. species, likely of enol structure, due to reaction with water. A reaction scheme is proposed based on nucleophilic addition of water to ionized TCE followed by elimination of HCl. The negative ion chemistry of TCE is dominated by Cl− and its clusters with water and TCE. At low temperature and with water in high concentration very large positive and negative ion hydrate clusters (with up to 50 water molecules) could be observed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method to stabilize multi-stripe domains for a Bloch line memory (1987)

A method to stabilize stripe domains for vertical Bloch lines storage loops in a Bloch line memory has been developed. Multi-stripe domains are successfully stabilized by surrounding each of stripe domains with a closed wall. This is achieved by generating a comb-like domain at one end of the main groove and by stretching straight the domain in parallel into the regions between main grooves and by combining the domain at the other end of the main groove. Subsidiary grooves are used for assisting the domain in straight stretching. The multistripe domains stabilization has been confirmed for the first time to be suitable for use in a Bloch line memory.
When paxos meets erasure code (2014)

Paxos-based state machine replication is a key technique to build highly reliable and available distributed services, such as lock servers, databases and other data storage systems. Paxos can tolerate any minority number of node crashes in an asynchronous network environment. Traditionally, Paxos is used to perform a full copy replication across all participants. However, full copy is expensive both in term of network and storage cost, especially in wide area with commodity hard drives.
Early-Stage Deactivation of Platinum-Loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> Using In Situ Photodeposition during Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2017)

This work unravels a sudden deactivation of Pt/TiO2 (P25) during the initial stages of photocatalytic H2 evolution from aqueous solution that, until now, has gone unnoticed, using a unique combination of in situ photodeposition of Pt with an on-line gas detector system. Utilizing a set of techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS-UV-vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and physisorption, we were able to attribute this deactivation to a shift in mechanism, accompanied by an increase in CO concentration. Key to this phenomenon is the ratio of Pt atoms to oxygen vacancies, which were created through ultrasonic pretreatment and in situ UV irradiation in the bulk and surface, respectively. We also observed a potential additional contribution to the deactivation by encapsulation of the Pt nanoparticles, indicating that strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) may indeed happen in aqueous and ambient conditions. Furthermore, we encourage implementing the concept of a “dynamic” catalyst to photochemistry that opens up a new approach toward understanding the complex mechanisms and kinetics in heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Box Plots in SAS®: UNIVARIATE, BOXPLOT, or GPLOT? (2008)

The continuous nature of some clinical trial data makes it well-suited for display using box plots. Box plots convey, at a glance, a wealth of information about the data being graphed. This includes the data’s central value, distribution, and variability, as well as how categorical variables compare side-by-side. This paper examines three procedures for creating box plots in SAS: PROC UNIVARIATE, PROC BOXPLOT, and PROC GPLOT. Features and limitations, as well as similarities and differences, are discussed and demonstrated for each of the procedures. As a result, participants are better prepared to choose the SAS procedure which can most effectively present the clinical trial results.
Performance metrics and empirical results of a PUF cryptographic key generation ASIC (2012)

We describe a PUF design with integrated error correction that is robust to various layout implementations and achieves excellent and consistent results in each of the following four areas: Randomness, Uniqueness, Bias and Stability. 133 PUF devices in 0.13 μm technology encompassing seven circuit layout implementations were tested. The PUF-based key generation design achieved less than 0.58 ppm failure rates with 50%+ stability safety margin. 1.75M error correction blocks ran error-free under worst-case V/T corners (±10% V, 125°C/-65°C) and under voltage extremes of ±20% V. All PUF devices demonstrated excellent NIST-random behavior (99 cumulative percentile), a criterion used to qualify random sources for use as keying material for cryptographic-grade applications.
11q23 rearrangements in acute leukemia. (1996)

The MLL gene, located at chromosome 11, band q23, is frequently disrupted by a variety of chromosomal rearrangements that occur in acute lymphoblastic leukemias and in a subset of de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukemias. In both scenarios, MLL rearrangements are associated with distinct clinical features and a poor prognosis. MLL encodes a large protein (MLL) that shares homology with the Drosophila trithorax protein. 11q23 translocations result in the generation of a series of acute leukemia-specific chimeric proteins that contain the N-terminus of MLL and are thought to be crucial to leukemogenesis. In this article, we review the structural features of the MLL fusion proteins as well as the clinical features and molecular diagnosis of acute leukemias containing MLL arrangements.
Drugs to Enhance Motor Recovery After Stroke (2015)

Among the therapeutic strategies under study to improve long-term outcome after stroke are drugs targeting events that underlie recovery. Drugs that enhance recovery are separate from those that promote neuroprotection or reperfusion in patients with stroke. Recovery-based drugs have distinct therapeutic targets that are related to plasticity and growth following stroke, and in general, improvements in behavioral outcome are not accompanied by a reduction in infarct volume. Interventions targeting recovery have a time window measured in days or sometimes weeks-months, suggesting potential utility for a large percentage of patients with stroke. Currently, among drugs that enhance motor recovery after stroke in humans, the strongest evidence exists for serotonergic and dopaminergic agents. Restorative therapies generally target the brain directly, in contrast to approved stroke therapeutics that target arteries, clots, platelets, glucose, or cholesterol. Targeting the brain has wide-ranging implications, for example, in relation to drug delivery. In addition, because restorative drugs aim to change brain structure and function, their effects are influenced by concomitant behavioral experience, a finding that informs selection of entry criteria, outcome measures, and biomarkers in a clinical trial setting. These points underscore the importance of a neural systems approach in studying stroke recovery.
Deletion of α-subunit exon 11 of the epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> channel reveals a regulatory module (2014)

Epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) subunits (α, β, and γ) found in functional complexes are translated from mature mRNAs that are similarly processed by the inclusion of 13 canonical exons. We examined whether individual exons 3-12, encoding the large extracellular domain, are required for functional channel expression. Human ENaCs with an in-frame deletion of a single α-subunit exon were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and their functional properties were examined by two-electrode voltage clamp. With the exception of exon 11, deletion of an individual exon eliminated channel activity. Channels lacking α-subunit exon 11 were hyperactive. Oocytes expressing this mutant exhibited fourfold greater amiloride-sensitive whole cell currents than cells expressing wild-type channels. A parallel fivefold increase in channel open probability was observed with channels lacking α-subunit exon 11. These mutant channels also exhibited a lost of Na(+) self-inhibition, whereas we found similar levels of surface expression of mutant and wild-type channels. In contrast, in-frame deletions of exon 11 from either the β- or γ-subunit led to a significant loss of channel activity, in association with a marked decrease in surface expression. Our results suggest that exon 11 within the three human ENaC genes encodes structurally homologous yet functionally diverse domains and that exon 11 in the α-subunit encodes a module that regulates channel gating.
Update of AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report: A revised AAPM protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations (2004)

Since publication of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group No. 43 Report in 1995 (TG-43), both the utilization of permanent source implantation and the number of low-energy interstitial brachytherapy source models commercially available have dramatically increased. In addition, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has introduced a new primary standard of air-kerma strength, and the brachytherapy dosimetry literature has grown substantially, documenting both improved dosimetry methodologies and dosimetric characterization of particular source models. In response to these advances, the AAPM Low-energy Interstitial Brachytherapy Dosimetry subcommittee (LIBD) herein presents an update of the TG-43 protocol for calculation of dose-rate distributions around photon-emitting brachytherapy sources. The updated protocol (TG-43U1) includes (a) a revised definition of air-kerma strength; (b) elimination of apparent activity for specification of source strength; (c) elimination of the anisotropy constant in favor of the distance-dependent one-dimensional anisotropy function; (d) guidance on extrapolating tabulated TG-43 parameters to longer and shorter distances; and (e) correction for minor inconsistencies and omissions in the original protocol and its implementation. Among the corrections are consistent guidelines for use of point- and line-source geometry functions. In addition, this report recommends a unified approach to comparing reference dose distributions derived from different investigators to develop a single critically evaluated consensus dataset as well as guidelines for performing and describing future theoretical and experimental single-source dosimetry studies. Finally, the report includes consensus datasets, in the form of dose-rate constants, radial dose functions, and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) anisotropy functions, for all low-energy brachytherapy source models that met the AAPM dosimetric prerequisites [Med. Phys. 25, 2269 (1998)] as of July 15, 2001. These include the following 125I sources: Amersham Health models 6702 and 6711, Best Medical model 2301, North American Scientific Inc. (NASI) model MED3631-A/M, Bebig/Theragenics model I25.S06, and the Imagyn Medical Technologies Inc. isostar model IS-12501. The 103Pd sources included are the Theragenics Corporation model 200 and NASI model MED3633. The AAPM recommends that the revised dose-calculation protocol and revised source-specific dose-rate distributions be adopted by all end users for clinical treatment planning of low energy brachytherapy interstitial sources. Depending upon the dose-calculation protocol and parameters currently used by individual physicists, adoption of this protocol may result in changes to patient dose calculations. These changes should be carefully evaluated and reviewed with the radiation oncologist preceding implementation of the current protocol.