gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioreactor for continuous synthesis of compactin by Penicillium cyclopium (1998)

Compactin was synthesized by Penicillium cyclopium in submerged as well as in bioreactor systems and assayed spectrophotometrically with a detection limit of 0.5 g ml -1 solvent. Synthesis in submerged culture was affected by aeration, glucose level, pH, and type and molarity of buffer. Citrate or succinate (pH 4.0, 0.10 M) in malt glucose peptone broth (MGPB) stimulated cell specialization, sporulation, enhanced compactin permeation from mycelia and its production (60.05 g ml -1 after 12 days). Fungal spores, immobilized onto-into loofah sponge, in a bioreactor, using MGPB-citrate as feed stock, resulted in productivity of 23.04 mg compactin (L -1 h -1 ) during 50 days operation at 0.45 h -1 dilution rate. Compactin synthesis in the bioreactor was also affected by culture age, substrate, incubation and dilution rates. Scanning electron micrographs of the loofah sponge, prior to, during and post-spores immobilization showed that loofah channels served well for fungal support in the bioreactor.
Use of melatonin for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders (1998)

Although not licensed as a drug, melatonin is widely sold as a nutritional supplement in the USA for its purported sleep-promoting and antiageing properties. In this article, we provide some guidelines for its use in sleep disorders medicine. In brief, melatonin appears to promote sleep by producing corrective circadian phase shifts, thereby improving the alignment of the endogenous sleep propensity rhythm with the desired sleep schedule. Melatonin may also have a direct soporific effect, especially when administered during the day. We suggest that the direct soporific action results from the release of accumulated sleep drive by melatonin's attenuation of the circadian alerting signal. Melatonin has not been proven safe by the usual clinical trial criteria, but to date no catastrophes have been related to its use. Also, there is little information about the safety and efficacy of chronic administration.
A low-complexity dynamic element matching technique for reduced-distortion digital-to-analog conversion (2003)

This paper presents a dynamic element matching (DEM) technique for low harmonic distortion digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The technique employs simple binary switches controlled by pseudo-random bit sequences to make appropriate selections in a bank of unit DAC-elements whose outputs are summed to form the output of the composite DAC. Harmonic distortion resulting from static mismatches of the unit DAC-elements is eliminated at the expense of an increased noise floor. A comparison with previously reported DEM techniques for low harmonic distortion DACs shows that the technique proposed here is of least hardware complexity. For example, for DAC resolutions of 5 bits or greater, the proposed scheme uses about 50% fewer binary switches than the most hardware efficient prior art.
Automatic Decomposition for Parallel Reservoir Simulation (2011)

Abstract A large amount of research in domain decomposition methods for parallel computing has been carried out in the last twenty years. This paper presents an automatic domain decomposition framework for parallel reservoir simulation. It emphasizes practical issues and implementation rather than theoretical complexity. At least three main factors affect the parallel simulator performance when decomposing the domain for the given total number of sub-grids: 1) the active cell distribution in the reservoir, 2) reservoir geometry, and 3) fault locations. This discussion primarily focuses on the active cell distribution to improve the performance of the parallel reservoir simulator by load balancing. Four domain decomposition algorithms are implemented before determining the best decomposition for the given total number of sub-domains. These four algorithms applied to all factors of the total number of sub-domains. The ideal decomposition for active cells and the offset size between the ideal number and real number from each scenario are then calculated. The smallest offset size determines the best decomposition. Several examples, such as a synthetic model, a GOM (Gulf of Mexico) model with over 550,000+ grid blocks and a synthetic African reservoir compositional model, illustrate the improved parallel simulator performance resulting from the automatic decomposition framework. For both cases, the reservoir models were decomposed by different algorithms, and the CPU time for each algorithm was summarized. The automatic decomposition framework provides an effective way to improve the parallel simulator performance.
Substrate-free Biosensing using Brownian Rotation of Bio-conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles (2006)

The recent development of bio-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles offers many opportunities for applications in the field of biomedicine. In particular, the use of magnetic nanoparticles for biosensing has generated widespread research efforts following the progress of various magnetic field sensors. Here we demonstrate substrate-free biosensing approaches based on the Brownian rotation of ferromagnetic nanoparticles suspended in liquids. The signal transduction is through the measurement of the magnetic ac susceptibility as a function of frequency, whose peak position changes due to the modification of the hydrodynamic radius of bio-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles upon binding to target bio-molecules. The advantage of this approach includes its relative simplicity and integrity compared to methods that use substrate-based stray-field detectors.
Efficient verification of web-content searching through authenticated web crawlers (2012)

We consider the problem of verifying the correctness and completeness of the result of a keyword search. We introduce the concept of an authenticated web crawler and present its design and prototype implementation. An authenticated web crawler is a trusted program that computes a specially-crafted signature over the web contents it visits. This signature enables (i) the verification of common Internet queries on web pages, such as conjunctive keyword searches---this guarantees that the output of a conjunctive keyword search is correct and complete ; (ii) the verification of the content returned by such Internet queries---this guarantees that web data is authentic and has not been maliciously altered since the computation of the signature by the crawler. In our solution, the search engine returns a cryptographic proof of the query result. Both the proof size and the verification time are proportional only to the sizes of the query description and the query result, but do not depend on the number or sizes of the web pages over which the search is performed. As we experimentally demonstrate, the prototype implementation of our system provides a low communication overhead between the search engine and the user, and fast verification of the returned results by the user.
Intravenous Administration of Manuka Honey Inhibits Tumor Growth and Improves Host Survival When Used in Combination with Chemotherapy in a Melanoma Mouse Model (2013)

Manuka honey has been recognized for its anti-bacterial and wound-healing activity but its potential antitumor effect is poorly studied despite the fact that it contains many antioxidant compounds. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of manuka honey on three different cancer cell lines, murine melanoma (B16.F1) and colorectal carcinoma (CT26) as well as human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in vitro. The data demonstrate that manuka honey has potent anti-proliferative effect on all three cancer cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner, being effective at concentrations as low as 0.6% (w/v). This effect is mediated via the activation of a caspase 9-dependent apoptotic pathway, leading to the induction of caspase 3, reduced Bcl-2 expression, DNA fragmentation and cell death. Combination treatment of cancer cells with manuka and paclitaxel in vitro, however, revealed no evidence of a synergistic action on cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, we utilized an in vivo syngeneic mouse melanoma model to assess the potential effect of intravenously-administered manuka honey, alone or in combination with paclitaxel, on the growth of established tumors. Our findings indicate that systemic administration of manuka honey was not associated with any alterations in haematological or clinical chemistry values in serum of treated mice, demonstrating its safety profile. Treatment with manuka honey alone resulted in about 33% inhibition of tumor growth, which correlated with histologically observable increase in tumor apoptosis. Although better control of tumor growth was observed in animals treated with paclitaxel alone or in combination with manuka honey (61% inhibition), a dramatic improvement in host survival was seen in the co-treatment group. This highlights a potentially novel role for manuka honey in alleviating chemotherapy-induced toxicity.
Alpha-Interferon for Severe Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss; A New Treatment. (1994)

The severe type of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) was treated with genetic recombination interferon alpha-2a (alpha-IFN) (3 million IU/day for 10 days) plus cortico-steroid, and the results were significantly better than those obtained by conventional treatment with cortico-steroid, vitamins, and vasodilators. Assays for 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 AS), one of the indices of circulating anti-viral activity were performed patients before and on the third day of IFN therapy, and the levels were found to correlate well with the degree of their hearing improvement. These results suggest that viral infections may be related to the etiology of the severe type of ISSHL and that alpha-Interferon is useful in its treatment.
Structure-Activity Studies of B<sub>1</sub>Receptor–Related Peptides (1996)

We tested several peptides related to des-Arg9-bradykinin as stimulants or inhibitors of B1 (rabbit aorta, human umbilical vein) and B2 (rabbit jugular vein, guinea pig ileum, human umbilical vein) receptors. We also incubated the compounds with purified angiotensin-converting enzyme from rabbit lung to test their resistance to degradation. We evaluated apparent affinities (in terms of the affinity constant pA2) of compounds and their potential residual agonistic activities (alpha E). Bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin were used as agonists for the B2 and B1 receptors, respectively. Degradation of peptides by the angiotensin-converting enzyme was prevented in the presence of a D-residue in position 7 of des-Arg9-bradykinin. Replacement of Pro7 with D-Tic combined with Leu, Ile, Ala, or D-Tic in position 8 led to weak B1 receptor antagonists, some of which had strong residual agonistic activities on the B2 receptor preparations. The use of D-beta Nal in position 7, combined with Ile in position 8 and AcLys at the N-terminal (eg, AcLys[D-beta Nal7, Ile8]des-Arg9-bradykinin) gave the most active B1 receptor antagonist (pA2 of 8.5 on rabbit aorta and human umbilical vein), which is also partially resistant to enzymatic degradation. Extension of the N-terminal end by Sar-Tyr-epsilon Ahx (used for labeling purposes) and even cold-labeling of Tyr with iodine were compatible with high, selective, and specific antagonism of the B1 receptors. We compared some compounds with some already known B1 receptor antagonists to underline the novelty of new peptidic compounds.
Wireless piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru (2007)

There are numerous engineering applications where there is a need to transfer power and communication data thru the walls of a structure. A piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru system was developed in this reported study allowing for wireless transfer of electric power through a metallic wall using elastic waves. The technology is applicable to the transfer of power for actuation, sensing and other tasks inside sealed containers and vacuum/pressure vessels. A network equivalent circuit including material damping loss was developed to analyze the performance of the devices. Experimental test devices were constructed and tested. The power transfer capability and the transfer efficiency were measured. A 100W feed though capability with 38 mm diameter device and 88% transmission efficiency were demonstrated. Both analytical and experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper.
The design and use of steerable filters (1991)

The authors present an efficient architecture to synthesize filters of arbitrary orientations from linear combinations of basis filters, allowing one to adaptively steer a filter to any orientation, and to determine analytically the filter output as a function of orientation. Steerable filters may be designed in quadrature pairs to allow adaptive control over phase as well as orientation. The authors show how to design and steer the filters and present examples of their use in the analysis of orientation and phase, angularly adaptive filtering, edge detection, and shape from shading. One can also build a self-similar steerable pyramid representation. The same concepts can be generalized to the design of 3-D steerable filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiplexing of adjacent vortex modes with the forked grating coupler (2017)

For vortex fiber multiplexing to reach practical commercial viability, simple silicon photonic interfaces with vortex fiber will be required. These interfaces must support multiplexing. Toward this goal, an efficient singlefed multimode Forked Grating Coupler (FGC) for coupling two different optical vortex OAM charges to or from the TE0 and TE1 rectangular waveguide modes has been developed. A simple, apodized device implemented with e-beam lithography and a conventional dual-etch processing on SOI wafer exhibits low crosstalk and reasonable mode match. Advanced designs using this concept are expected to further improve performance.
A robust data hiding technique using multidimensional lattices (2002)

Describes a data hiding technique which uses noise-resilient channel codes based on multidimensional lattices. A trade-off between between the quantity of hidden data and the quality of the watermarked image is achieved by varying the number of quantization levels for the signature and a scale factor for data embedding. Experimental results show that the watermarked image is transparent to embedding for large amounts of hidden data, and the quality of the extracted signature is high even when the watermarked image is subjected to up to 75% wavelet compression and 85% JPEG lossy compression. These results can be combined with a private key-based scheme to make unauthorized retrieval practically impossible, even with the knowledge of the algorithm.
11.2 dB SBS gain suppression in a large mode area Yb-doped optical fiber (2008)

11.2 dB suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an Yb-doped, Al/Ge co-doped large mode area (LMA) gain fiber is demonstrated with a ramp-like acoustic index profile exhibiting an acoustic index contrast of 0.09 and acoustic index slope of 0.01/μm.
CASA-NLU: Context-Aware Self-Attentive Natural Language Understanding\n for Task-Oriented Chatbots (2019)

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is a core component of dialog systems.\nIt typically involves two tasks - intent classification (IC) and slot labeling\n(SL), which are then followed by a dialogue management (DM) component. Such NLU\nsystems cater to utterances in isolation, thus pushing the problem of context\nmanagement to DM. However, contextual information is critical to the correct\nprediction of intents and slots in a conversation. Prior work on contextual NLU\nhas been limited in terms of the types of contextual signals used and the\nunderstanding of their impact on the model. In this work, we propose a\ncontext-aware self-attentive NLU (CASA-NLU) model that uses multiple signals,\nsuch as previous intents, slots, dialog acts and utterances over a variable\ncontext window, in addition to the current user utterance. CASA-NLU outperforms\na recurrent contextual NLU baseline on two conversational datasets, yielding a\ngain of up to 7% on the IC task for one of the datasets. Moreover, a\nnon-contextual variant of CASA-NLU achieves state-of-the-art performance for IC\ntask on standard public datasets - Snips and ATIS.\n
Optimal PET protection for scalably compressed video with multiple retransmissions (2008)

This paper investigates the problem of optimal PET (priority encoding transmission) protection for scalably compressed streams, for applications where the delivery time constraints allow for the possibility of multiple retransmissions. To determine the optimal redundancy indices to use in each transmission opportunity, hypotheses concerning the possible future retransmissions are considered. The key contribution of this paper is the development of a method to derive an effective recover-probability versus redundancy characteristic for any number of transmissions. This greatly simplifies the protection assignment, compared to previous approaches. The paper also demonstrates the advantage of the proposed protection assignment strategy for multiple retransmissions, especially for long memory bursty channels.
Method of preparing a dimensionally stable electrode for use in a molten carbonate fuel cell (1986)

A method is disclosed for preparing a dimensionally stable electrode structure, particularly nickel-chromium anodes, for use in a molten carbonate fuel cell stack. A low-chromium to nickel alloy is provided and oxidized in a mildly oxidizing gas of sufficient oxidation potential to oxidize chromium in the alloy structure. Typically, a steam/H/sub 2/ gas mixture in a ratio of about 100/1 and at a temperature below 800/sup 0/C is used as the oxidizing medium. This method permits the use of less than 5 wt % chromium in nickel alloy electrodes while obtaining good resistance to creep in the electrodes of a fuel cell stack.
A new semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminylerythronolide a oxime. (1976)

A new antibiotic, 3-O-oleandrosyl-5-O-desosaminylerythronolide A oxime (3) was produced from erythronolide A oxime (1) by the oleandomycin-producing culture, Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 11891. The structure of 3 was determined by degradative studies and confirmed by X-ray analysis. Compound 3 was found to be less active, but more stable to acid, than erythromycin A oxime.
Efficient mining for association rules with relational database systems (2003)

With the tremendous growth of large scale data repositories, a need for integrating the exploratory techniques of data mining with the capabilities of relational systems to efficiently handle large volumes of data has now risen. We look at the performance of the most prevalent association rule mining algorithm-Apriori with IBM's DB2 Universal Database system. We show that a multi-column (MC) data model is preferable over the commonly used single column (SC) data model for association rule mining. We obtain factors of 4.8 to 6 improvement in performance for the MC data model over commercial implementations for the SC data model. We provide a new relational operator called Combinations, for efficient SQL implementation of Apriori in the database engine-this results in trivial parallelizability, reliability, and portability for the mining application.
Attention from Afar (2017)

Gaze is a powerful form of social feedback, providing cues about attention and interest, and boredom and distraction. We designed a working prototype that enabled remote participants in a collocated meeting to look around the local meeting space, and that showed local participants where the remote participants' "simulated gazes" (that is, their virtual cameras) were directed. Of course, pointing a camera is not the same as gazing, and so we conducted a study to understand how simulated gazes might be used, and to what extent they would be experienced as social cues. Findings range from the use of simulated gaze to signal attention, to ways in which local and remote participants experienced these simulated gazes. These findings illustrate the value of indirection and abstraction in presenting social cues; raise issues of privacy, visibility, and participation asymmetry; and suggest implications for design and further research.
A window-of-opportunity trial of vorinostat (V) in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2011)

7062 Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States and novel treatments are needed. We previously engineered murine transgenic cyclin E models that recapitulated frequent features of human lung cancer including chromosome instability, hedgehog pathway, cyclin D1 activation and pre-malignant and malignant lung lesions. Cell lines (ED-1 and ED-2) were derived from these lung cancers as models to identify promising anti-neoplastic agents. Among a panel of drugs that caused growth inhibition of lung cancer cells and repression of cyclin D1, the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (V) was found to be most potent. V repressed cyclin D1 and cyclin E proteins, but increased p27 expression in ED-1 cells. V treatment also significantly reduced lung tumor formation in mice harboring transplanted syngeneic lung cancer cells. To translate studies into the clinic, a window of opportunity trial of V was conducted in patients (pts) with early stage NSCLC. Methods: Pts with resectable NSCLC received 400 mg V once daily orally for 7 days prior to undergoing surgical resection. Post- versus pre-treatment tumor biopsies were scored for changes in immunohistochemical profiles of cyclin D1, cyclin E, EGFR, phospho-EGFR and Ki-67. Results: Ten pts were enrolled, median age 66 (60-73) years, 60% were women, 1 was a never smoker, 4 were current smokers, pathological stages IA-IIB, 2 had squamous cell carcinoma, 7 had adenocarcinoma, 1 had poorly differentiated carcinoma. Five pts completed the study treatment, 3 pts received V for less than 7 days, 2 did not take the study medication. Ki-67 staining decreased in all examined pairs, cyclin D1 levels decreased in 1 sample, 3 pts had reduced cyclin E expression, 2 pts had reduced EGFR expression, and there was no change in phospho-EGFR detection. Four pairs showed necrosis in the posttreatment specimens. Results for p27, other exploratory markers, and dynamic CT will be reported at the meeting. Conclusions: Preoperative treatment with V decreased Ki-67 and other biomarkers in resected NSCLC. The results from this window of opportunity trial demonstrate the value of clinically-relevant mouse lung cancer models to guide NSCLC clinical trials.
Development of a culture medium for large‐scale production of cellulolytic enzymes by <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> (1983)

Culture filtrates of CL-847 strain of Trichoderma reesei grown on different carbon sources have been compared. The highest enzyme production is obtained with Whatman C 41 cellulose: 17.9 mg/mL of soluble proteins and 13.7 units of filter paper (FP) activity. Wood pulps gave lower production values and more viscous culture media. About one-third of maximal enzyme production is obtained on lactose as the sole carbon source. Addition of 0.5% cellulosic inducer to 6% lactose media enhances enzyme production up to the following levels: 14.1 mg/mL of soluble proteins and 8.4 units of FP activity.