gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional polymorphisms of the brain serotonin synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (2005)

Many neuropsychiatric disorders are considered to be related to the dysregulation of brain serotonergic neurotransmission. Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) is the neuronal-specific enzyme that controls brain serotonin synthesis. There is growing genetic evidence for the possible involvement of TPH2 in serotonin-related neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the degree of genetic variation in TPH2 and, in particular, its possible functional consequences remain unknown. In this short review, we will summarize some recent findings with respect to the functional analysis of TPH2.
<title>All-optical atomic magnetometers based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with amplitude modulated light</title> (2007)

We demonstrate a magnetometric technique based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation using amplitude modulated light. The magnetometers can be operated in either open-loop (typical nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with amplitude-modulated light) or closed-loop (self-oscillating) modes. The latter mode is particularly well suited for conditions where the magnetic field is changing by large amounts over a relatively short timescale.
Periodic High-Sensitive Beam-Steering Leaky-Wave Antenna With Circular Polarization (2019)

This article proposes an analytical optimization approach in order to optimize the frequency-dependent beam-steering capability of a 1-D serial-fed leaky-wave antenna under the constraint of circular polarization. In the presented approach, the high beam-steering sensitivity is achieved by a circular patch approach. The circular polarization constraint, the impedance matching across unit cells, and open stopband problem are reduced to a mode rotation condition of the electric field within the circular patch. It is further shown that the mode rotation condition is achieved by a single optimization parameter. Measurements proof the beam-steering sensitivity, the circular polarization, and open stopband suppression.
Optical pattern recognition with LAPS-SLM (II): feedback joint transform correlator using LAPS-SLM (1990)

A new algorithm of the feedback joint transform correlator ( FJTC ) was proposed. The system is made by using the ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator named LAPS-SLM. The FJTC features excellent pattern recognition characteristics and pattern associative characteristics, compared to conventional joint transform correlators ( JTC).
Lonestar: A suite of parallel irregular programs (2009)

Until recently, parallel programming has largely focused on the exploitation of data-parallelism in dense matrix programs. However, many important application domains, including meshing, clustering, simulation, and machine learning, have very different algorithmic foundations: they require building, computing with, and modifying large sparse graphs. In the parallel programming literature, these types of applications are usually classified as irregular applications, and relatively little attention has been paid to them. To study and understand the patterns of parallelism and locality in sparse graph computations better, we are in the process of building the Lonestar benchmark suite. In this paper, we characterize the first five programs from this suite, which target domains like data mining, survey propagation, and design automation. We show that even such irregular applications often expose large amounts of parallelism in the form of amorphous data-parallelism. Our speedup numbers demonstrate that this new type of parallelism can successfully be exploited on modern multi-core machines.
Total Synthesis of Ciguatoxin CTX3C, a Causative Toxin of Ciguatera Seafood Poisoning (2004)

More than 20,000 people suffer annually from ciguatera seafood poisoning in subtropical and tropical regions. The extremely low content of the causative neurotoxins, designated as cigua­toxins, in fish has hampered the isolation, detailed biological studies, and preparation of anti-ciguatoxin antibodies for detecting these toxins. Furthermore, the large (3 nanometer long) and complicated molecular structure of ciguatoxins has impeded chemists from completing their total synthesis. In 2001, our highly convergent strategic approach enabled the total synthesis of ciguatoxin CTX3C through assembling the four structural fragments. In this account, we describe the updated version of the total synthesis, where the yields and practicality are greatly improved. The high efficiency of the present synthesis ensures a supply of ciguatoxins for biomedical applications.
Electrophilic Fluorination with N,N′‐Difluoro‐2,2′‐bipyridinium Salt and Elemental Fluorine. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Void Coalescence in Core/Alloy Nanoparticles with Stainless Interfaces (2013)

The oxidation properties of nanoparticles with core/alloy microstructure and stainless steel like interfaces is described. In particular, 15-nm Fe/FeCr nanoparticles with a stainless steel like interface are prepared. These particles show a unique morphological transformation that is induced by surface oxidation, oxide passivation, and vacancy coalescence. This Kirkendall diffusion results in a tailorable oxide layer thickness, Fe-core size, as well as void size and symmetry. Much like the interface of bulk stainless steel, the interfacial FeCr oxide passivates oxidation, resulting in self-limited diffusion. Because of this, a highly uniform and stable core-void-shell morphology is observed.
A Single-Shot Method for Capillary Pressure Curve Measurement Using Centrifuge and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2006)

Abstract The centrifuge method for capillary pressure curve measurement involves increasing the centrifuge speed in steps and measuring the liquid expelled from a short core plug, at equilibrium, for each step. However, the traditional methods for deducing approximate solutions for the capillary pressure curve are based on the assumption that the capillary pressure is zero at the outflow end of the core. In addition, the traditional centrifuge methods for capillary pressure measurement are time consuming. A full capillary pressure curve requires approximately 10 different rotational speeds. We have observed for most sedimentary rocks that the experimental magnetic resonance free induction decay is single exponential and the effective transverse relaxation time (T2*) is largely insensitive to fluid saturation. These features ensure that Centric Scan SPRITE (single-point ramped imaging with T1 enhancement) is a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, since its local image intensity is directly proportional to the local fluid content. We propose a single-shot method to measure the capillary pressure curve of a long rock core using a single-speed centrifuge experiment and one-dimensional Centric Scan SPRITE MRI to determine the fluid saturation distribution, S(r), along the length of the core. A full capillary pressure curve can be directly determined by the relation of S(r) and the capillary pressure distribution, Pc(r), along the length of the core. The single-shot method, employing a desktop centrifuge and a desktop permanent magnet based one-dimensional MRI instrument, has been applied to measure the primary drainage, imbibition, and secondary drainage capillary pressure curves for reservoir rocks. The proposed method for determining the capillary pressure curve is rapid, cheap, and precise. The capillary pressure curve can be obtained straightforwardly with about 40 data points. The duration of the experiment is approximately 10 times less than the traditional method. Since only a single moderate rotational speed is employed, the outflow boundary condition can be maintained, and the effect of gravity can be neglected. In addition, the long rock cores employed for the single-shot method result in a relatively small radial effect.
Using Spatial Light Modulators in MIMO Visible Light Communication Receivers to Dynamically Control the Optical Channel (2016)

We propose a new MIMO visible light communication (VLC) receiver architecture that can dynamically adjust the optical channel by using a spatial light modulator (SLM). This capability enables the VLC receiver to track moving transmitters to support mobility. We also present operating procedures and control algorithms for this SLM VLC receiver to measure the gain from each transmitter, to configure the SLM, and to track the transmitters as they move relative to the receiver. Through the design of a two-photodetector prototype and simplified models for imaging systems, we demonstrate that the SLM VLC receiver can outperform similar traditional imaging VLC receivers that do not use an SLM, even if the traditional VLC receiver is equipped with more photodetectors.
Allocating Resources to Parallel Query Plans in Data Grids (2007)

In this paper we present a heuristic algorithm for solving the parallel query plan scheduling problem in data grids. The algorithm exploits the binary tree structure of the query plan to determine profitable allocations. It takes care of multiple forms of parallelism while allocating resources to the sub- plans. Previous approaches towards solving the problem either ignores partitioned parallelism by focusing solely on pipelined parallelism wherein the communication cost is minimized or lays more emphasis on partitioned parallelism at the cost of pipelined parallelism. The work in this paper attempts to take care of both pipelining and partitioning mechanisms while optimizing the allocation of resources to the query sub-plans. The algorithm is particularly well suited for allocation of resources to sub-plans in a bushy query plan - which is the most profitable form of query plan in distributed database query optimization.
PI-partner based motion detection and motion artifact reduction (2005)

We present an algorithm for helical cone-beam CT, which can detect motion based on the analysis of so-called PI-partners. For each object point, the two independent measurements of the line integral along the PI-line of this object point are considered. It is shown in a simulation study that a difference in these two values correlates well with the occurrence of motion artifacts, if no redundant data are used for the reconstruction. Compared with other projection based motion detection techniques, our approach does not require any rebinning or approximations and it provides a spatially resolved motion estimate and works also in the case of truncated projections. The motion detection method can be readily applied to other complete trajectories like the saddle trajectory.
Immunoreactivity of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein (2005)

Collectively, these results demonstrate that while the 19-kDa protein from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis stimulates a humoral immune response and weak IFN-gamma production in infected cattle, the elicited responses are not strong enough to be used in a sensitive diagnostic assay.
Predicting query execution time: Are optimizer cost models really unusable? (2013)

Predicting query execution time is useful in many database management issues including admission control, query scheduling, progress monitoring, and system sizing. Recently the research community has been exploring the use of statistical machine learning approaches to build predictive models for this task. An implicit assumption behind this work is that the cost models used by query optimizers are insufficient for query execution time prediction. In this paper we challenge this assumption and show while the simple approach of scaling the optimizer's estimated cost indeed fails, a properly calibrated optimizer cost model is surprisingly effective. However, even a well-tuned optimizer cost model will fail in the presence of errors in cardinality estimates. Accordingly we investigate the novel idea of spending extra resources to refine estimates for the query plan after it has been chosen by the optimizer but before execution. In our experiments we find that a well calibrated query optimizer model along with cardinality estimation refinement provides a low overhead way to provide estimates that are always competitive and often much better than the best reported numbers from the machine learning approaches.
Recombinant<i>Streptococcus equi</i>Proteins Protect Mice in Challenge Experiments and Induce Immune Response in Horses (2004)

Horses that have undergone infection caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (strangles) were found to have significantly increased serum antibody titers against three previously characterized proteins, FNZ (cell surface-bound fibronectin binding protein), SFS (secreted fibronectin binding protein), and EAG (alpha2-macroglobulin, albumin, and immunoglobulin G [IgG] binding protein) from S. equi. To assess the protective efficacy of vaccination with these three proteins, a mouse model of equine strangles was utilized. Parts of the three recombinant proteins were used to immunize mice, either subcutaneously or intranasally, prior to nasal challenge with S. equi subsp. equi. The adjuvant used was EtxB, a recombinant form of the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. It was shown that nasal colonization of S. equi subsp. equi and weight loss due to infection were significantly reduced after vaccination compared with a mock-vaccinated control group. This effect was more pronounced after intranasal vaccination than after subcutaneous vaccination; nearly complete eradication of nasal colonization was obtained after intranasal vaccination (P < 0.001). When the same antigens were administered both intranasally and subcutaneously to healthy horses, significant mucosal IgA and serum IgG antibody responses against FNZ and EAG were obtained. The antibody response was enhanced when EtxB was used as an adjuvant. No adverse effects of the antigens or EtxB were observed. Thus, FNZ and EAG in conjunction with EtxB are promising candidates for an efficacious and safe vaccine against strangles.
Novel exact power loss design method for high output power density converter (2006)

Novel exact circuit loss design method has been proposed to design high output power density converters employing a MOSFET and a Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD). The design method is based on a theoretically established minimum circuit loss estimation model for unipolar devices, which takes into account influences of device and circuit stray parameters on the circuit loss. Calculation process of the minimum circuit loss is described. To enhance the accuracy of the calculation data, data-tables of the nonlinear capacitance and transconductance of devices are utilized in the calculation. The data-tables are prepared by using measurement data or simulation data obtained with an exact device simulator. By using this circuit loss design method, exact circuit loss data and optimum circuit parameters to achieve the minimum circuit loss can be obtained.
Highly Diastereoselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Imidazolines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Engineered Minichromosomes in Plants (2010)

Engineered minichromosomes provide the ability to target transgenes to a defined insertion position for predictable expression on an independent chromosome. This technology promises to provide a means to add many genes to a synthetic chromosome in sequential manner. An additional advantage is that the multiple transgenes will not be inserted into the normal chromosomes and thus will not exhibit linkage drag when converging the transgenes to different germplasm nor will they be mutagenic. Telomere truncation coupled with the introduction of site-specific recombination cassettes has proven to be an easy method to produce minichromosomes. Telomere truncation results from the transformation of plasmids carrying a block of telomere repeats at one end. Minichromosomes consisting of little more than a centromere have been produced for B chromosomes of maize. Such small chromosomes have been studied for their meiotic behavior, which differs from normal sized chromosomes in that homologue pairing is rare or nonexistent and sister chromatid cohesion fails at meiosis I. Potential modifications of the minichromosomes that can address these issues are discussed. Minichromosomes can be recovered from transformed plants that are polyploid or that carry an additional chromosome as the preferred target for truncation. Site-specific recombination has been demonstrated to operate on these terminally located sites. By introducing normal B chromosomes into lines with engineered mini-B chromosomes, the latter can be increased in copy number, which provides the potential to augment the expression of the introduced genes. Because the vast majority of plant species have the same telomere sequence, the truncating transgenes should be effective in most plants to generate engineered minichromosomes. Such chromosomes establish the means to add or subtract multiple transgenes, multigene complexes, or whole biochemical pathways to plants to change their properties for agronomic applications or to use plants as factories for the production of foreign proteins or metabolites.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> Small RNAs and Their Targets During Cyst Nematode Parasitism (2008)

Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes induce the formation of specialized feeding cells in infected roots, which involves plant developmental processes that have been shown to be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small RNAs. This observation provided the foundation to investigate the potential involvement of small RNAs in plant-cyst nematode interactions. First, we examined the susceptibilities of Arabidopsis DICER-like (dcl) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rdr) mutants to the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. The examined mutants exhibited a trend of decreased susceptibility, suggesting a role of small RNAs mediating gene regulation processes during the plant-nematode interaction. Second, we generated two small RNA libraries from aseptic Arabidopsis roots harvested at 4 and 7 days after infection with surface-sterilized H. schachtii. Sequences of known miRNAs as well as novel small interfering (si)RNAs were identified. Following this discovery, we used real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to quantify a total of 15 Arabidopsis transcripts that are known targets of six of the different miRNA families found in our study (miR160, miR164, miR167, miR171, miR396, and miR398) in inoculated and noninoculated Arabidopsis roots. Our analyses showed mostly negative correlations between miRNA accumulation and target gene mRNA abundance, suggesting regulatory roles of these miRNAs during parasitism. Also, we identified a total of 125 non-miRNA siRNAs. Some of these siRNAs perfectly complement protein-coding mRNAs or match transposon or retrotransposon sequences in sense or antisense orientations. We further quantified a group of siRNAs in H. schachtii-inoculated roots. The examined siRNAs exhibited distinct expression patterns in infected and noninfected roots, providing additional evidence for the implication of small RNAs in cyst nematode parasitism. These data lay the foundation for detailed analyses of the functions of small RNAs during phytonematode parasitism.
Enhanced Privacy ID: A Direct Anonymous Attestation Scheme with Enhanced Revocation Capabilities (2011)

Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) is a scheme that enables the remote authentication of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) while preserving the user's privacy. A TPM can prove to a remote party that it is a valid TPM without revealing its identity and without linkability. In the DAA scheme, a TPM can be revoked only if the DAA private key in the hardware has been extracted and published widely so that verifiers obtain the corrupted private key. If the unlinkability requirement is relaxed, a TPM suspected of being compromised can be revoked even if the private key is not known. However, with the full unlinkability requirement intact, if a TPM has been compromised but its private key has not been distributed to verifiers, the TPM cannot be revoked. Furthermore, a TPM cannot be revoked from the issuer, if the TPM is found to be compromised after the DAA issuing has occurred. In this paper, we present a new DAA scheme called Enhanced Privacy ID (EPID) scheme that addresses the above limitations. While still providing unlinkability, our scheme provides a method to revoke a TPM even if the TPM private key is unknown. This expanded revocation property makes the scheme useful for other applications such as for driver's license. Our EPID scheme is efficient and provably secure in the same security model as DAA, i.e., in the random oracle model under the strong RSA assumption and the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption.
Investigating self-homodyne coherent detection in a 19 channel space-division-multiplexed transmission link (2013)

We investigate the performance of a self-homodyne coherent detection (SHCD) system using a 19 core multi-core fiber (MCF) and 16 wavelength-division-multiplexed channels. We show that SHCD, with the pilot-tone transmitted on a single MCF core and information carrying signals on the remaining cores, is compatible with space-division-multiplexed transmission, potentially relaxing laser linewidth and digital signal processing requirements due to phase noise cancellation. However, inter-core crosstalk can have an impact on performance and core selection.
Spatially partitioned lossless image compression in an embedded framework (2002)

We present a new method of lossless image compression which has two additional useful properties: (1) a continuous range of lower resolution images (e.g., lossy images) can be extracted from the representation and (2) any desired region of the image can be individually extracted with up to lossless quality. We achieve these additional properties by spatially partitioning a modified version of the embedded zerotree wavelet compression algorithm. Specifically, the proposed approach uses a new form of successive coefficient refinement which reduces its complexity and improves its rate-distortion performance for lossy decompression. We show that the compression performance of the proposed method is only slightly worse than that of the Said and Pearlman (see IEEE Trans. on Image Proc., vol.5, no.9, p.1303-10, 1996) approach which does not offer regional decompression.
Probe systems for static pressure and cross-stream turbulence intensity (1991)

A recent study of total-pressure probes for use in highly turbulent streams is extended herein by developing probe systems that measure time-averaged static or ambient pressure and turbulence intensity. Arrangements of tubular probes of circular and elliptical cross section are described that measure the pressure at orifices on the sides of the probes to obtain different responses to the cross-stream velocity fluctuations. When the measured data are combined to remove the effect of the presence of the probes on the local pressure, the time-averaged static pressure and the cross-stream components of turbulence intensity can be determined. If a system of total pressure tubes, as described in an accompanying paper, is added to the static pressure group to form a single cluster, redundant measurements are obtained that permit accuracy and consistency checks.
Dytective: Diagnosing Risk of Dyslexia with a Game (2016)

More than 10% of the population has dyslexia, and most are diagnosed only after they fail in school. This work seeks to change this through scalable early detection via machine learning models that predict reading and writing difficulties by watching how people interact with a linguistic web-based g