gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video Completion by Motion Field Transfer (2006)

Existing methods for video completion typically rely on periodic color transitions, layer extraction, or temporally local motion. However, periodicity may be imperceptible or absent, layer extraction is difficult, and temporally local motion cannot handle large holes. This paper presents a new approach for video completion using motion field transfer to avoid such problems. Unlike prior methods, we fill in missing video parts by sampling spatio-temporal patches of local motion instead of directly sampling color. Once the local motion field has been computed within the missing parts of the video, color can then be propagated to produce a seamless hole-free video. We have validated our method on many videos spanning a variety of scenes. We can also use the same approach to perform frame interpolation using motion fields from different videos.
Thin Biobased Transparent UV-Blocking Coating Enabled by Nanoparticle Self-Assembly (2019)

A waterborne, UV-blocking, and visually transparent nanocomposite coating was formulated with ZnO nanoparticles and 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The coating is highly effective (<5% UV and ∼65% visible transmittance), and the film thickness (0.2-2.5 μm) is ∼100 times thinner than the conventional coatings of similar UV-blocking performance. The superior properties are due to the fractal structures of ZnO nanoparticles assembled within the HEC matrix, revealed by scanning electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Changing the binder to 2-hydroxyethyl starch (HES) diminishes the UV-blocking performance, as ZnO nanoparticles form dense globular aggregates, with an aggregation number measured by SAXS 3 orders of magnitude larger than the HEC coating. Since HEC and HES share the same repeating glucose unit in the polymer backbone, it suggests that the conformational characteristics of the binder polymer have a strong influence on the nanoparticle aggregation, which plays a key role in determining the optical performance. Similar structures were achieved with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. This study not only offers a cost-effective and readily scalable method to fabricate transparent UV-blocking coating but also demonstrates that the unique fractal aggregation structures in a nanocomposite material can provide high performance and functionality without fully dispersing the nanoparticles.
Josephson junction current-switched logic circuits (1979)

A review is given of recent Josephson circuits studies, Emphasis is placed on logic designs employing current-switched gates. These rely on a direct summing of the gate bias current with control current inputs to cause switching from the low-resistance state to the high-resistance state. Present designs are simple, compact and relatively tolerant of fabrication variations. At the same time they retain the advantages of high speed and low power inherent in Josephson devices. Use of these so-called Jaws gates in huffle flip-flops is discussed.
Fusing N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Carborane Anions (2014)

Abstract Here we describe the fusion of two families of unusual carbon‐containing molecules that readily disregard the tendency of carbon to form four chemical bonds, namely N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and carborane anions. Deprotonation of an anionic imidazolium salt with lithium diisopropylamide at room temperature leads to a mixture of lithium complexes of C‐2 and C‐5 dianionic NHC constitutional isomers as well as a trianionic (C‐2, C‐5) adduct. Judicious choice of the base and reaction conditions allows the selective formation of all three stable polyanionic carbenes. In solution, the so‐called abnormal C‐5 NHC lithium complex slowly isomerizes to the normal C‐2 NHC, and the process can be proton‐catalyzed by the addition of the anionic imidazolium salt. These results indicate that the combination of two unusual forms of carbon atoms can lead to unexpected chemical behavior, and that this strategy paves the way for the development of a broad new generation of NHC ligands for catalysis.
STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF SOL-GEL DERIVED TRANSPARENT SILICA AEROGEL (1985)

Transparent silica aerogels are being studied because of their excellent thermal insulation properties for window glazing materials. The chemistry of the base catalyzed Si(OC/sub 2/H/sub 5/)/sub 4/ sol-gel process to produce transparent aerogels is presented. The results of a factorial design set of experiments are discussed in which five process parameters are simultaneously varied. The goal of these experiments was to optimize the process conditions and to analyze the importance of various parameters in improving the properties of the aerogel. A novel technique of ambient temperature supercritical drying of alcogels is described. In this process, supercritical drying occurs at less than or equal to40/sup 0/C instead of at greater than or equal to270/sup 0/C and greater than or equal to1700 PSI (12 MPa), by substituting CO/sub 2/ for alcohol in the alcogel. The time of drying is reduced from 2 to 3 days to 8 to 10 hours. It is shown that light scattering, microstructural properties and other characteristics of aerogels produced by this process and by the high temperature supercritical drying are similar.
Generalized Stability Control for Open-Loop Operation of Motor Drives (2017)

This paper proposes a general approach to designing a stability control for open-loop operation that can be used for either induction motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor, or any other motor drives. A speed or frequency set point is adjusted by a frequency compensation value to provide the stability control to mitigate hunting or motor stoppage. The proposed method can be utilized in either conventional motor drives or motor drives with an output filter and a transformer used for oil pump applications.
Loss resilience for two-qubit state transmission using distributed phase sensitive amplification (2015)

We transmit phase-encoded non-orthogonal quantum states through a 5-km long fibre-based distributed optical phase-sensitive amplifier (OPSA) using telecom-wavelength photonic qubit pairs. The gain is set to equal the transmission loss to probabilistically preserve input states during transmission. While neither state is optimally aligned to the OPSA, each input state is equally amplified with no measurable degradation in state quality. These results promise a new approach to reduce the effects of loss by encoding quantum information in a two-qubit Hilbert space which is designed to benefit from transmission through an OPSA.
A new and more accurate technique to characterize airway nitric oxide using different breath-hold times (2004)

Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) arises from both airway and alveolar regions of the lungs, which provides an opportunity to characterize region-specific inflammation. Current methodologies rely on vital capacity breathing maneuvers and controlled exhalation flow rates, which can be difficult to perform, especially for young children and individuals with compromised lung function. In addition, recent theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that gas-phase axial diffusion of NO has a significant impact on the exhaled NO signal. We have developed a new technique to characterize airway NO, which requires a series of progressively increasing breath-hold times followed by exhalation of only the airway compartment. Using our new technique, we determined values (means +/- SE) in healthy adults (20-38 yr, n = 8) for the airway diffusing capacity [4.5 +/- 1.6 pl.s(-1).parts per billion (ppb)(-1)], the airway wall concentration (1,340 +/- 213 ppb), and the maximum airway wall flux (4,350 +/- 811 pl/s). The new technique is simple to perform, and application of this data to simpler models with cylindrical airways and no axial diffusion yields parameters consistent with previous methods. Inclusion of axial diffusion as well as an anatomically correct trumpet-shaped airway geometry results in significant loss of NO from the airways to the alveolar region, profoundly impacting airway NO characterization. In particular, the airway wall concentration is more than an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates in healthy adults and may approach concentrations (approximately 5 nM) that can influence physiological processes such as smooth muscle tone in disease states such as asthma.
Electric‐Field Triggered Controlled Release of Bioactive Volatiles from Imine‐Based Liquid Crystalline Phases (2008)

Application of an electric field to liquid crystalline film forming imines with negative dielectric anisotropy, such as N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA, 1), results in the expulsion of compounds that do not participate in the formation of the liquid crystalline phase. Furthermore, amines and aromatic aldehydes undergo component exchange with the imine by generating constitutional dynamic libraries. The strength of the electric field and the duration of its application to the liquid crystalline film influence the release rate of the expelled compounds and, at the same time, modulate the equilibration of the dynamic libraries. The controlled release of volatile organic molecules with different chemical functionalities from the film was quantified by dynamic headspace analysis. In all cases, higher headspace concentrations were detected in the presence of an electric field. These results point to the possibility of using imine-based liquid crystalline films to build devices for the controlled release of a broad variety of bioactive volatiles as a direct response to an external electric signal.
Self-dispersed crumpled graphene balls in oil for friction and wear reduction (2016)

Ultrafine particles are often used as lubricant additives because they are capable of entering tribological contacts to reduce friction and protect surfaces from wear. They tend to be more stable than molecular additives under high thermal and mechanical stresses during rubbing. It is highly desirable for these particles to remain well dispersed in oil without relying on molecular ligands. Borrowing from the analogy that pieces of paper that are crumpled do not readily stick to each other (unlike flat sheets), we expect that ultrafine particles resembling miniaturized crumpled paper balls should self-disperse in oil and could act like nanoscale ball bearings to reduce friction and wear. Here we report the use of crumpled graphene balls as a high-performance additive that can significantly improve the lubrication properties of polyalphaolefin base oil. The tribological performance of crumpled graphene balls is only weakly dependent on their concentration in oil and readily exceeds that of other carbon additives such as graphite, reduced graphene oxide, and carbon black. Notably, polyalphaolefin base oil with only 0.01-0.1 wt % of crumpled graphene balls outperforms a fully formulated commercial lubricant in terms of friction and wear reduction.
Noise Cancellation And Low-Snr 2D/3D Imaging Methods For Multi-Channel Surface Nmr Groundwater Investigations (2007)

Multi-channel surface NMR instrumentation and software, developed in the United States, has been applied to investigate 2D and 3D hydrology at various locations in the Western US. Two new multi-channel processing techniques, reference coil-based noise cancellation and T2*-weighted porosity imaging, are shown to increase effective signal to noise ratios by an order of magnitude or more. These effective SNR gains enable multi-coil surface NMR to produce useful and reliable images when the post-averaged SNR is less than 1, and at locations where<br>previous single-coil surface NMR investigations have failed. Experimental results are presented for recent field studies conducted in Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and Washington.
Some 6-alkyl derivatives of D-8-ergolin-I-ylacetamide (1979)

D-6-Alkyl-8-cyanomethylergolines-I were converted either by known procedures via the corresponding methyl esters I-III and hydrazides IV-VI to amides VII-IX , or by hydration of the nitrile group under the conditions of ionic pair extraction to amides VIII and X-XIII . In the same system D-6-methyl-8-ergolin-I-ylacetamide (Deprenon R ) was prepared from D-6-methyl-8-cyanomethylergoline-I. Amides VII, VIII and XI had a considerably higher prolactin inhibiting activity than Deprenon.
Platelet Thrombus Formation on Collagen at High Shear Rates Is Mediated by von Willebrand Factor–Glycoprotein Ib Interaction and Inhibited by von Willebrand Factor–Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Interaction (2000)

We studied the role of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in platelet thrombus formation in flowing blood by using a perfusion system and mutant forms of vWF lacking either interaction with glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) or with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (alphaIIb-beta3). These mutants were added to the blood of patients with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWD) or to normal blood reconstituted with a human albumin solution instead of plasma. This blood was then perfused over collagen type III spray-coated on a glass surface and preincubated for 2 hours with 20 microg/mL plasma vWF. In this way, the adhesion step was mediated by the preincubated plasma vWF bound to collagen type III, whereas thrombus formation was mediated by mutant vWF added to the perfusate. Thrombus formation was absent at all 3 shear rates studied (300, 800, and 2600 s(-1)) when DeltaA1-vWF, lacking interaction with GpIb, was added to the perfusate, indicating the importance of GpIb-vWF interaction for thrombus formation. The interaction of vWF and GpIb is currently thought to be possible under physiological conditions in which the conformation of vWF has been changed by adsorption to a surface. Our results regarding the role of GpIb-vWF interaction in thrombus formation suggest that a second mechanism may operate by which a change may occur in GpIb on the surface of adhered platelets either by activation of the molecule or as a consequence of shear stress. Increased thrombus formation was observed when the Arg-Gly-Gly-Ser-vWF, which does not interact with alphaIIb-beta3, was added to vWD blood and perfused at 2600 s(-1). This increase was not observed in vWD blood at lower shear rates or after addition of Arg-Gly-Gly-Ser-vWF to reconstituted normal blood. Thrombus formation at a high shear rate was largest when either vWF or fibrinogen was present as a single ligand for alphaIIb-beta3 at a high shear rate. When both were present, thrombus formation was decreased. We postulate that thrombus formation is less efficient because of incomplete bridge formation when vWF and fibrinogen are both present as ligands for alphaIIb-beta3.
Optimal cooperative relay beamforming for interference minimization (2015)

We consider a wireless cellular network with multiple amplify-and-forward (AF) relays in each cell, assisting the communication of multiple source-destination pairs with relay transmission beamforming. Our objective is to minimize the maximum interference power among all active receivers in a neighboring cell subject to per-relay power and minimum received SNR constraints. We propose an efficient algorithm to obtain the optimal relay beamforming vectors. We show that even though the optimization problem is non-convex, it has zero Lagrange duality gap and can be converted to a semi-definite programming problem. The performance of the proposed algorithm is studied numerically, both for the case where the interference channel information is exactly known and for the case of inaccurate channel information due to either limited feedback or channel estimation error. It is demonstrated that the min-max interference approach substantially outperforms the alternative where we simply minimize the maximum relay transmission power.
Fundamental spatial performance limitation analysis of multiple array paper machine cross-directional processes (2005)

This paper presents a fundamental spatial performance limitation analysis method for multiple array paper machine cross-directional (CD) processes based on a two-dimensional (temporal and spatial) frequency decomposition method. Paper machine CD processes are spatially-distributed dynamical systems. Due to their (almost) spatially invariant characteristic, the models of these systems are considered as transfer matrices with rectangular circulant matrix blocks, whose input and output singular vectors are the Fourier components of dimension equivalent to number of actuators and measurements respectively. Through this method, a fundamental spatial performance limitation of multiple array CD processes can be observed. A real industrial multiple array CD process is used for illustrating the effectiveness of this method.
Planar-optical mesh-connected tree interconnects: a feasibility study (1995)

The mesh-connected tree is a two-dimensional interconnect topology that combines aspects of a conventional tree network and a two-dimensional nearest-neighbor mesh network. Because of its topological features, a mesh-connected tree has the potential to be implemented with planar optoelectronic interconnect concepts. We examine the feasibility of employing vertical-to-surface-transmissionelectro-photonic optical array switches together with planar micro-optical components for the future implementation of an optoelectronic mesh-connected tree interconnect.
Need of ad-hoc social network based on users' dynamic interests (2015)

Ad-hoc social network (ASN) is a location based network that makes use of ad-hoc network to connect interested users socially. Ad-hoc social network is a combination of social network that maintains profile and interests of users, and ad-hoc network that helps to connect nearby users without centralized access point. A survey was conducted to know users' perception and preferences for ASN. This paper presents survey and results for need of ad-hoc social network. Results also indicate that in users prefer 75% of average profile similarity to connect nearby users.
Large Scale Nanolaminate Deformable Mirror (2005)

This work concerns the development of a technology that uses Nanolaminate foils to form light-weight, deformable mirrors that are scalable over a wide range of mirror sizes. While MEMS-based deformable mirrors and spatial light modulators have considerably reduced the cost and increased the capabilities of adaptive optic systems, there has not been a way to utilize the advantages of lithography and batch-fabrication to produce large-scale deformable mirrors. This technology is made scalable by using fabrication techniques and lithography that are not limited to the sizes of conventional MEMS devices. Like many MEMS devices, these mirrors use parallel plate electrostatic actuators. This technology replicates that functionality by suspending a horizontal piece of nanolaminate foil over an electrode by electroplated nickel posts. This actuator is attached, with another post, to another nanolaminate foil that acts as the mirror surface. Most MEMS devices are produced with integrated circuit lithography techniques that are capable of very small line widths, but are not scalable to large sizes. This technology is very tolerant of lithography errors and can use coarser, printed circuit board lithography techniques that can be scaled to very large sizes. These mirrors use small, lithographically defined actuators and thin nanolaminate foils allowing them to produce deformations over a large area while minimizing weight. This paper will describe a staged program to develop this technology. First-principles models were developed to determine design parameters. Three stages of fabrication will be described starting with a 3 x 3 device using conventional metal foils and epoxy to a 10-across all-metal device with nanolaminate mirror surfaces.
Wafer IMS (Injection molded solder) &#x2014; A new fine pitch solder bumping technology on wafers with solder alloy composition flexibility (2014)

In this paper, we will describe a new low cost solder bumping technology for use on wafers. The wafer IMS (injection molded solder) process can form fine pitch solder bumps on wafers, while offering greater solder alloy flexibility. This method is also applicable to form uniform solder bump heights when a wafer has different size and shape of I/O pads. The wafer IMS bumping process uses a solder injection head that melts the desired bulk solder alloy composition and then dispenses the molten solder into resist material cavities on wafers within a nitrogen environment. The injected molten solder contacts and wets to the metal pads without flux, thus forming intermetallic compounds at the solder/pad interface. After stripping the resist material, solder bumps exhibit straight side walls and round tops as the solders have solidified inside the cavities of this resist film. This particular geometry is unique and offers a ready-for-substrate bonding condition without an additional reflow step. In the case of using Cu pillars, one resist material is used for both Cu electroplating and molten solder injection. After patterning the resist material, the Cu pillars are electroplated to the desired height, and the remaining cavities of resist material are filled by the injection of molten solder. The final bump height is defined by the thickness of the resist material. Therefore, any non-uniformity of Cu pillar height across a wafer is masked by the final solder bump uniformity. A prototype tool for wafer IMS bumping technology has been developed and solder bumping has successfully been demonstrated with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder on 200mm wafers. The test wafer employed interconnects pads of four different diameters and three different shapes. Other solder compositions have also been tried successfully.
Studies on Catalytic Hydrotreating of Recycled Solvents from Coal Liquefaction Process(Part 2) Investigation of Kinetics, Catalyst Deactivation and Prediction of Catalyst Life. (1995)

The following items have been reported based on the results of a series of catalytic hydrotreating tests of feed solvents obtained from a coal liquefaction process using Ni-Mo/alumina catalyst: (1) the kinetics of the hydrogenation of the recycled solvents obtained from a 1t/day PDU liquefaction process using Wandoan and Illinois No. 6 (River King) coals; (2) their reactivities on hydrogenation;
Exploring the mechanisms underlying cell type-specific and retinoid-mediated expression of keratins. (1989)

Keratins constitute a complex and diverse family of proteins that are expressed in a tissue-specific and differentiation-specific fashion. In some cells, retinoids can influence both keratin expression and cell differentiation. In this study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of keratins, we examined keratin proteins, mRNAs, and nascent transcripts in a variety of cultured human cell types, including epidermal cells and simple epithelial cells. We also investigated intermediate filament gene expression in fibroblasts, which express vimentin rather than keratin. We found that both cell type-specific and retinoid-mediated expression of keratins are regulated at least in part at the transcriptional level in these cells. However, given the kinetics of the retinoid-mediated response, it seems most likely that the keratin gene expression that is regulated by retinoids reflects a secondary rather than primary response.
Hew recombination lasers in a segmented plasma device employing foil electrodes (1982)

A technique using metal foil electrodes to produce segmented metal vapor plasmas in a recombination laser device has resulted in laser oscillation on 30 transitions in lithium, aluminum, calcium, and copper where the formation of segmented plasmas and subsequent production of laser action was not previously possible using bulk electrodes of these metals. Laser action was observed in the neutral and ion species, with emission wavelengths from 569.6 to 5460 nm as reported in Table I. Twenty- nine of these transitions have never previously been made to exhibit laser action by any excitation means. The use of foil electrodes should further extend the class of metal vapor recombination lasers when applied to additional metals.