gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data locality in Hadoop cluster systems (2014)

MapReduce has become a major programming model that supports distributed and parallel processing for large-scale data-intensive applications such as Web data mining, network traffic analysis, machine learning and scientific simulation. Hadoop is the most popular open-source implementation of the MapReduce programming model. In Hadoop, input files are divided into many data blocks and these blocks are distributed over several nodes in cluster. To efficiently process the data blocks, Hadoop should provide an efficient scheduling mechanism for enhancing the performance of the system in a shared cluster environment. In Hadoop scheduling mainly caused by data locality issues due to limited network bandwidth. By introducing the scheduling issues with regarding to the data locality, this paper review different data locality aware scheduling algorithms that handling the data locality issues. In addition, this paper also evaluating their features, strength, weakness and provided some guidelines on how to improve further these scheduling algorithms.
Protein and allergen content of various natural latex articles (1997)

Proteins remaining in products made of natural rubber latex are potential sensitizers. In the present work, we quantified the releasable protein and allergen contents in 37 brands of latex gloves and 26 other latex products. Our results demonstrate the presence of widely varied protein and allergen contents in various latex articles and the lack of a correlation between the protein and allergen values. These findings may assist hospital management and medical staff to take effective preventive measures.
Lattice Oxygen Activity in Pr- and La-Doped CeO<sub>2</sub>for Low-Temperature Soot Oxidation (2013)

Effects of Pr- and La-doped CeO2 on desorption of active lattice oxygen to soot oxidation were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis under N2 flow indicated that, despite the decrease in reducible Ce content, the amount of oxygen deficiency increases with increasing La content (x) to 15 mol % in Ce0.80–xPr0.20LaxO2. In inert atmosphere, the introduction of oxygen vacancies by doping La increased the available lattice oxygen for desorption. In the oxygen isotopic exchange, under 18O2 flow, desorption of oxygen molecules containing lattice oxygen atom (16O) was favored because of Pr and La doping in CeO2. These dopants increase the exchange rate constant between gas-phase and lattice oxygen atoms. The apparent activation energy, derived from an Arrhenius plot, for CeO2, Ce0.80Pr0.20O2, and Ce0.65 Pr0.20La0.15O2 were 311, 230, and 135 kJ/mol, respectively. The values indicated that Pr and La doping causes facile oxygen exchange between the gas phase and the solid. The comparison of the rate constants for 16O18O formation under 18O2 flow and 18O2/16O2 mixture flow showed that lattice oxygen predominantly contributes to the exchange reaction. Surface exchange coefficient (k) and diffusion coefficient (D) were obtained by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth analysis of the oxides after diffusion annealing in 18O2. The values of both k and D increase by doping Pr and La, and the surface exchange coefficient value, k, especially increases significantly. Hence, Pr and La doping enhances the oxygen exchange with lattice oxygen, and so high soot oxidation activity at low temperature could be related to the increased contribution of lattice oxygen.
Preparation and Characterization of Gallium Releasing 3‐D Alginate Coated 45S5 Bioglass® Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering (2010)

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop functional three‐dimensional scaffolds based on Bioglass® derived glass–ceramics for bone tissue engineering (TE) with prophylaxis effect against infections. The highly porous scaffolds were fabricated by the foam replication technique and then coated with sodium alginate crosslinked with Ga 3+ . It was confirmed that the polymer coating did not affect the interconnectivity of the scaffold pore structure. The resulting composite scaffold exhibited antibacterial effect and improved mechanical properties as well as high bioactivity. The novel Ga 3+ loaded 45S5 Bioglass®‐based scaffolds coated with alginate are promising candidates for bone TE applications.
Gene Interaction Network Suggests Dioxin Induces a Significant Linkage between Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta (2004)

Gene expression arrays (gene chips) have enabled researchers to roughly quantify the level of mRNA expression for a large number of genes in a single sample. Several methods have been developed for the analysis of gene array data including clustering, outlier detection, and correlation studies. Most of these analyses are aimed at a qualitative identification of what is different between two samples and/or the relationship between two genes. We propose a quantitative, statistically sound methodology for the analysis of gene regulatory networks using gene expression data sets. The method is based on Bayesian networks for direct quantification of gene expression networks. Using the gene expression changes in HPL1A lung airway epithelial cells after exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin at levels of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 nM for 24 hr, a gene expression network was hypothesized and analyzed. The method clearly demonstrates support for the assumed network and the hypothesis linking the usual dioxin expression changes to the retinoic acid receptor system. Simulation studies demonstrated the method works well, even for small samples.
Postural adjustments while standing with two types of loaded backpack ∗ (1987)

Two types of frame backpack, the internal-frame pack and the external-frame pack, are commonly used by hikers to carry heavy loads. The centre of volume of the internal-frame pack is lower and closer to the body than that of the external-frame type. This study examined how carrying each pack type changed the body posture compared with the typical standing posture as a control. The packs were loaded with 19 kg loads for the men and 14 kg loads for the women. The positions of the knees, hips, shoulders and ears were recorded photographically; the whole-body centre of gravity and the partial centres of gravity above the knee and hip were calculated. The nine female and seven male subjects were experienced in carrying packs. Both types of packs caused the subjects to lean forward; the bend was greatest above the hips but the knees and hips were also forward of the control position. The internal-frame pack caused a greater displacement and also a greater uncompensated torque at the hips: The female subjects overwhelmingly preferred the external-frame pack, while the male subjects preferred the internal-frame pack; no difference in parameters was seen between the men and the women that might explain these preferences. Although the internal-frame pack seems less adaptive in a static test, it would provide greater stability and less moment of inertia during walking.
Penile Response to Intracavernosal Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Alone and in Combination with Other Vasoactive Agents (1989)

Intracavernosally injected vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (2 micrograms and 4 micrograms) resulted in penile tumescence even in men with predominantly organic impotence. Papaverine and phentolamine were successful in inducing erections in all subjects studied but the addition of VIP to this combination improved the erectile response further. A combination of papaverine and VIP produced penile rigidity similar to that with papaverine and phentolamine. While intracavernosal VIP alone produced disappointing penile responses, its combination with papaverine potentiated the response to this drug, probably by increasing venous outflow resistance.
MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY-ONSET PREECLAMPSIA (2000)

A conservative approach to the management of early-onset preeclampsia results in a good obstetric outcome for the majority of fetuses, but this must be balanced against the significant risk of morbidity to the mothers.
Decoding of trellis-encoded signals in the presence of intersymbol interference and noise (2003)

A novel receiver for data transmission systems using trellis-coded modulation (TCM) is investigated. It comprises a whitened matched filter and a trellis decoder which combines the previously separated functions of equalization and TCM decoding. TCM encoder, channel, and whitened matched filter are modeled by a single finite-state machine with combined ISI (intersymbol interference) and code states. Using ISI-state truncation and the self-partitioning principles inherent in TCM, a systematic method is developed for reducing the state complexity of the corresponding combined ISI and code trellis. A modified branch metric is used for canceling those ISI terms which are not represented by the trellis states. The approach leads to a family of Viterbi decoders which offer a tradeoff between complexity and performance. An adaptive version of the receiver is discussed, and simulation results are presented for channels with severe linear distortion. It is shown that the adaptive receiver achieves a significant gain in noise margin.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How many logic levels does floating-point addition require? (2002)

We present an algorithm for IEEE floating-point addition. The latency of the addition algorithm for double precision is roughly 24 logic levels, not including delays of latches between pipeline stages. The algorithm accepts normalized numbers, supports all four IEEE rounding modes, and outputs the correctly rounded sum/difference in the format required by the IEEE Standard. The presentation of the algorithm is technology independent and can serve as basis for evaluation and comparison with other floating-point addition algorithms.
Dynamic properties of colloidal suspensions of manganese ferrite particles (1997)

Measurement of the magnetic field dependence of the complex susceptibility, /spl chi/(/spl omega/)=/spl chi/'(/spl omega/)-i/spl chi/"(/spl omega/), of four colloidal suspension of Mn/sub x/Fe/sub 1-x/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ particles in isopar M has enabled the dependence on x of anisotropy constant, K, internal field, H/sub A/, magnetogyric ratio, /spl gamma/, and resonant frequency, f/sub res/, to be determined. For x having values of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7, H/sub A/ has average values of 40, 35, 40 and 49 kA m/sup -1/, whilst /spl gamma/ has corresponding values of 2.36, 2.48, 2.43 and 2.4 10/sup 5/ s/sup -1/ A/sup -1/ m, respectively.
Multicomponent separation using a column‐switching chromatographic method (1994)

Abstract A cyclic chromatographic process based on the method of column switching was used to separate a three‐component carbohydrate mixture. It permits continuous introduction of the feed and is designed to produce higher product concentration compared to a normal elution cyclic process. A fixed‐bed model incorporating axial dispersion and a linear driving force for mass transfer was successfully used to estimate optimum operating conditions (switch times and fluid‐flow rates). Its experimental setup can be easily constructed by modifying the apparatus of a simulated countercurrent process since both systems comprise segmented columns equipped with on‐off valves for fluid‐flow control. This allows one to conduct either multicomponent separation based on elution operation or binary separation based on countercurrent operation using essentially the same set of experimental apparatus with minor modification.
Cationic Flocculants Carrying Hydrophobic Functionalities:  Applications for Solid/Liquid Separation (2007)

The flocculation behaviors of three series of polycations with narrow molecular weight distributions carrying hydrophobic substituents on their backbones [poly(N-vinylbenzyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride), poly(N-vinylbenzyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-butylammonium chloride), and poly(N-vinylbenzylpyridinium chloride)] were investigated in dispersions of monodisperse polystyrene latexes and kaolin. Apparently, the charge density of the polycations decreases with increasing substituent hydrophobicity and increasing molecular weight of the polyelectrolytes. The necessary amount of flocculant for phase separation in dispersions with high substrate surface charge densities increases with increasing hydrophobicity of the polyelectrolyte. Nevertheless, the introduction of hydrophobic functionalities is beneficial, resulting in a substantial broadening of the range between the minimum and maximum amounts of flocculant necessary for efficient flocculation (flocculation window). An increase in ionic strength supports this effect. When the substrate has a low charge density, the hydrophobic interactions play a much more significant role in the flocculation process. Here, the minimum efficient doses remained the same for all three polyelectrolytes investigated, but the width of the flocculation window increased as the polycation hydrophobicity and the molecular weight increased. The necessary amount of flocculant increased with an increase in particle size at constant solid content of the dispersion, as well as with a decreasing number of particles at a constant particle size.
VLSI implementation of high performance burst mode for 128-bit block ciphers (2002)

A new cipher mode, called the burst mode, is devised dedicatedly for the high performance implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and other next generation 128-bit block cipher algorithms. In comparison with the conventional modes, the burst mode achieves a considerable increase in the throughput by employing a novel stream cipher mechanism which can encrypt 64 plaintext blocks through 16 times of block cipher encryptions. Experimental results show that the VLSI implementation of the burst mode with the use of a hardware accelerator, where AES is performed by software, raises the speed of the software implementation by four times, achieving the maximum rate of 1.3 Gbps.
The PAH mutation analysis consortium database: update 1996 (1997)

A website (http://www.mcgill.ca/pahdb ) is maintained by the curators for a Consortium (88 investigators, 28 countries) and all other users; it serves a relational database for human locus-specific genetic variation in a defined DNA sequence (GenBank U49897); (100 kb on human chromosome 12q24.1, gene symbol PAH). The intragenic nucleotide variation is both rare (Q< 0.01), extensive (>320 different mutations) and phenotype modifying, causing hyperphenylalaninemia by impairing phenylalanine hydroxylase function (see OMIM 261600), as well as polymorphic and neutral, the latter providing informative locus-specific haplotypes (>1200 different mutation/haplotype associations). The PAH database contains both offline core components (mutations, population associations and data source information) and several accessory online components: (i) relative frequencies of mutations by populations/regions (expanding file); (ii) data on genotype- phenotype correlations both in vitro and in vivo (new file); (iii) polymorphic haplotype structures (new file); (iv) intron sequence data (new file for design of primers); (v) description of mouse homologues (new file for mutations and phenotypes); (vi) the predicted PAH gene mutability profile (improved graphic); (vii) a clinical field for patient use (new interface with database). The website home page has been revised and a counter is recording >15 visits per day. Linkages to other mutation databases and an alliance of mutation database curators (new) are expanding. The primary 'electronic publication' reports now vastly exceed print reports. PAHdb serves as a prototype for obtaining, storing and distributing records of human genetic variation.
Characterization of the red light emission from Eu doped GaN (2003)

Visible light emitting diodes (LED’s) based on III-nitrides are of great current interest for applications in displays and solid-state lighting. The development of red LED’s based on InGaN, however, is rather difficult. An alternative approach for red light emission is the doping of Eu3+ into GaN. In this paper we present the optical properties of Eu doped GaN.
Grief Exploited for Political Purposes (2006)

Sudden death disrupts family members and friends as they are not mentally prepared and immediate reaction will be shock, disbelief and anger, which is considered a normal and healthy reaction and should be considered private and not to be politicised, although this happens. It is important that the anger which can be a part of mourning, not be confused with the anger that demands explanations.
Hydrophobicity profiles in G protein-coupled receptor transmembrane helical domains (2010)

The lack of a crystallographically derived structure for all but three G (TP [guanosine triphosphate]-binding) protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) proteins necessitates the use of computationally derived methods to determine their structures. Computational methodologies allow a mechanistic glimpse into GPCR-ligand interactions at a molecular level to better understand the initial steps leading to a protein's biologic functions, ie, protecting the ligands that activate, deactivate, or inhibit the protein, stabilizing protein structure in the membrane's lipid bilayer, and ensuring that the hydrophilic environment within the GPCR-binding pocket is maintained. Described here is a formalism that quantifies the amphiphilic nature of a helix, by determining the effective hydrophobicity (or hydrophilicity) at specific positions around it. This formalism will enable computational protein modelers to position helices so that the functional aspects of GPCRs are adequately represented in the model. Hydro-Eff®, an online tool, allows users to calculate effective helical hydrophobicities.
Eigenmode analysis of transmit coil array for tailored <i>B</i> <sub>1</sub> mapping (2010)

In vivo radiofrequency (RF) field B(1) mapping represents an essential prerequisite for parallel transmit applications. However, the large dynamic range of the transmit fields of the individual coil elements challenges the accuracy of MR-based B(1) mapping techniques. In the present work, the B(1) mapping error and its impact on the RF performance are studied based on a coil eigenmode analysis. Furthermore, the linear properties of the transmit chain are exploited to virtually adjust the weighting of the different coil eigenmodes in the B(1) mapping procedure, resulting in considerably reduced mapping errors. In addition, the weighting of the eigenmodes is tailored to potential target applications, e.g., specific absorption rate (SAR) reduced RF shimming or multidimensional RF pulses, resulting in improved RF performance. The basic theoretic principles of the concept are elaborated and validated by corresponding simulations. Furthermore, results on B(1) mapping and RF shimming experiments, performed on phantoms and in vivo using a 3-T scanner equipped with an eight-channel transmit/receive body coil, are presented to prove the feasibility of the approach.
Antibacterial Activity of Extracts and Constituents of<i>Pelargonium sidoides</i>and<i>Pelargonium reniforme</i> (1997)

The antibacterial activity of extracts and isolated constituents (scopoletin, umckalin, 5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin, 6,8-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, (+)-catechin, gallic acid and its methyl ester) of Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme (Geraniaceae), plant species used in folk medicine by the Southern African native population, was evaluated against 8 microorganisms, including 3 Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus 1451) and 5 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) varied with the preparation of the extracts and microorganisms tested, from about 0.6 mg/ml for aqueous phases to over 10 mg/ml for crude Pelargonium extracts. With the exception of the ineffective (+)-catechin, all the potentially active compounds exhibited antibacterial activities with MICs of 200-1000 micrograms/ml. The results provide for a rational basis of the traditional use of the titled Pelargonium species.
Disease‐specific accumulation of mutant ubiquitin as a marker for proteasomal dysfunction in the brain (2003)

Molecular misreading of the ubiquitin-B (UBB) gene results in a dinucleotide deletion in UBB mRNA. The resulting mutant protein, UBB+1, accumulates in the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. In vitro, UBB+1 inhibits proteasomal proteolysis, although it is also an ubiquitin fusion degradation substrate for the proteasome. Using the ligase chain reaction to detect dinucleotide deletions, we report here that UBB+1 transcripts are present in each neurodegenerative disease studied (tauo- and synucleinopathies) and even in control brain samples. In contrast to UBB+1 transcripts, UBB+1 protein accumulation in the ubiquitin-containing neuropathological hallmarks is restricted to the tauopathies such as Pick disease, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and argyrophilic grain disease. Remarkably, UBB+1 protein is not detected in the major forms of synucleinopathies (Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy). The neurologically intact brain can cope with UBB+1 as lentivirally delivered UBB+1 protein is rapidly degraded in rat hippocampus, whereas the K29,48R mutant of UBB+1, which is not ubiquitinated, is abundantly expressed. The finding that UBB+1 protein only accumulates in tauopathies thus implies that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is impaired specifically in this group of neurodegenerative diseases and not in synucleinopathies and that the presence of UBB+1 protein reports proteasomal dysfunction in the brain.
Activation of mouse phosphodiesterase 3B gene promoter by adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells (2001)

Activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B reduces free fatty acid output from adipocytes. Induction of PDE3B gene expression by adipocyte differentiation could improve insulin resistance. To examine whether the PDE3B promoter is activated by this differentiation, the 5' flanking sequence of the mouse PDE3B gene was isolated. The transcription initiation site was determined to be located 195 bp upstream of the translation start site. No putative binding site for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was found within 2 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site. This region had promoter activity, which was further activated on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.
Exploring the Influence that Different Ways of Thought have on Language Learning: Taking the Russian Language and Chinese Language for Example (2010)

This paper begins from exploring such differences in ways of thought of the Russian people and the Chinese people as between integer-first and part-first, helical and linear thought, different sequence of time and space, form-oriented and meaning-oriented thought, precision-first and ambiguity-first and subjectivity-focus and objectivity-focus way of thought, then analyzes the influence the above differences have on the ways of thought of the Russian people and the Chinese people as well as on their languages. And finally explores the influence that different ways of thought between these two languages have on Russian Learning Key words: way of thought, difference, influence, the Russian language and Chinese language Resume: L’article present etudie l’influence des differences de facon de penser des Russes et des Chinois sur leur langue respective et leur expression, et sur l’apprentissage du russe, sous les six angles suivants : ensemble en priorite et partie en priorite ; spirale et lineaire ; ordre temporel et ordre spatial, cohesion par forme et cohesion par sens ; exact et vague, sujet et objet. Mots-cles: facon de penser, difference, influence, le russe et le chinois 摘要：本文從整體優先與局部優先思維方式差異；螺旋性與直線性思維方式差異；時空順序思維方式差異；形意合思維方式差異；精確與模糊思維方式差異；主客體思維方式差異等六個方面探討了俄漢民族思維方式的差異對俄漢語言及其表達方式的影響，以及俄漢思維差異對俄語學習的影響。 關鍵詞：思維方式；差異；影響；俄漢語言