gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive type-II hybrid ARQ/FEC protocol suitable for GSM (2002)

To combat errors in data transmission in mobile radio systems, forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes are combined to hybrid type-I ARQ protocols without using disturbed packets. In poor radio conditions type-I ARQ schemes produce a low throughput with a high delay jitter. Due to these unforeseeable channel delays type-I ARQ protocols are critical for use in cases where timing conditions have to be fulfilled as in speech and e.g. FAX-T30 transmission. Type-II hybrid ARQ (HARQ) protocols combine disturbed and retransmitted packets using FEC methods and limit the mean transmission delay by increasing the throughput. A type-II hybrid ARQ with punctured convolutional codes suitable for GSM data traffic and performance was compared to the recommended radio link protocol (type-I). A new type-II hybrid ARQ protocol is proposed which makes use of the state information given by the equalization process to estimate the amount and best location of the redundancy to be retransmitted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Confining a Tokamak Plasma with rf-Driven Currents (1978)

Continuous toroidal electron currents, which sustain the poloidal magnetic field in tokamaks, may be generated by injecting waves with net parallel momentum into the plasma via phased waveguide arrays. Waves with high phase velocity can produce a current capable of confining a reactor plasma so that steady-state tokamak operation with acceptable power dissipation becomes possible.
Recruitment of Serum Response Factor and Hyperacetylation of Histones at Smooth Muscle–Specific Regulatory Regions During Differentiation of a Novel P19-Derived In Vitro Smooth Muscle Differentiation System (2001)

Little is known regarding transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control the sequential and coordinate expression of genes during smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation. To facilitate mechanistic studies of SMC differentiation, we established a novel P19-derived clonal cell line (designated A404) harboring a smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin promoter/intron-driven puromycin resistance gene. Retinoic acid plus puromycin treatment stimulated rapid differentiation of multipotential A404 cells into SMCs that expressed multiple SMC differentiation marker genes, including the definitive SM-lineage marker SM myosin heavy chain. Using this system, we demonstrated that various transcription factors were upregulated coincidentally with the expression of SMC differentiation marker genes. Of interest, the expression of serum response factor (SRF), whose function is critical for SMC-specific transcription, was high in undifferentiated A404 cells, and it did not increase over the course of differentiation. However, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that SRF did not bind the target sites of endogenous SMC marker genes in chromatin in undifferentiated cells, but it did in differentiated A404 cells, and it was associated with hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4. The present studies define a novel cell system for studies of transcriptional regulation during the early stages of SMC differentiation, and using this system, we obtained evidence for the involvement of chromatin remodeling and selective recruitment of SRF to CArG elements in the induction of cell-selective marker genes during SMC differentiation.
Prototype results of a phase-shifting interferometer capable of measuring the complex index and profile of a test surface (2002)

Results are presented from a prototype phase-shifting interferometer capable of measuring both the real and the imaginary part of the complex index of refraction and the surface profile of a test surface. The three parameters of interest are extracted from the measured data by maximum-likelihood estimation theory. The performance of the system is quantitatively assessed with Cramer-Rao lower bounds. The results are shown to be strongly dependent on the quantization of the interferograms from the 8-bit CCD camera, the incident electric field amplitude, and the relative amplitude and phase difference of each polarized component through each arm of the interferometer.
Impedance sensor for assessing cardiac hemodynamics (2008)

A method for beat-to-beat assessment of left ventricular volume changes by means of intracardiac impedance measurement is presented. Efficient heart failure therapy requires close monitoring of the patientpsilas hemodynamic state. Implantable devices for cardiac resynchronization therapy comprise at least one lead placed in the apex of the right ventricle (RV) and a second one in a coronary vein at the left ventricle (LV). Between the RV and LV bipolar leads transfer impedance Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> is determined by injecting a sub-threshold current via the RV lead and measuring the voltage at the LV lead. Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> varies according to LV contraction during heart cycle. Thus LV volume variation can be determined without additional sensors. The potential to assess hemodynamic parameters like stroke volume with this method was demonstrated in an acute animal study. The hemodynamic performance of the heart can be detected by the impedance sensor integrated into an implantable electrotherapeutic device and used for disease monitoring and automatic optimization of therapy parameters.
How to Respond to Process Module Failure in Residency Time-Constrained Single-Arm Cluster Tools (2014)

Cyclic scheduling and operation of a residency time-constrained single-arm cluster tool with failure-prone process modules are highly challenging. In some cases, when a failure occurs, there still exists a feasible cyclic schedule for the performance-degraded tool. In other cases, such a schedule no longer exists. For the latter, it is highly desired to respond to a process module failure properly such that the tool can continue working and the wafers in the tool can be completed in a feasible way. This work is the first one to study this important issue. The idea is to apply Petri nets to describe the dynamic behavior of a single-arm cluster tool. With the developed Petri net model, this paper formulates failure response policies to control the cluster tool such that it can keep working without violating any residency time constraint. The failure response policies are implemented via efficient real-time control laws. Illustrative examples are presented to show their usage.
Conclusive Entangling Probe (2005)

A design is given for an optimized entangling probe attacking the BB84 (Bennett-Brassard 1984) protocol of quantum key distribution and yielding maximum information to the probe for a full range of induced error rates. Probe photon polarization states become optimally entangled with the signal states on their way between the legitimate transmitter and receiver. Although standard von-Neumann projective measurements of the probe yield maximum information on the pre-privacy amplified key, if instead the probe measurements are performed with a certain positive operator valued measure, then the measurement results are conclusive, at least some of the time, for a full range of inconclusive rates.
New Treatment for Improving the Productivity of Shale Reservoirs Using Thermochemical Fluids (2020)

Abstract Shale reservoirs are characterized with very low productivity due to the high capillary pressure and the ultra-low rock permeability. This article presents an effective treatment to improve the hydrocarbon productivity for shale reservoirs by injecting thermochemical fluids. In this study, several measurements were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the presented treatment. Coreflood, rate transient analysis (RTA), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were performed. The gas productivity was estimated, before and after the treatment, utilizing the gas flowrates and the pressure drop across the treated rocks. The improvement in gas productivity due to thermochemical fluids was estimated by calculating the productivity index (PI) and the absolute open flow (AOF) before and after the chemical injection. Also, the changes in the pore size distribution, due to chemical injection, were studied using NMR measurements. Results showed that thermochemical treatment can improve the gas productivity by 44%, increase the AOF by 450%, and reduce the capillary pressure by 47%. Also, NMR measurements showed that fractures were induced in the shale rocks after the treatment, which will improve the shale productivity. Ultimately, this study introduces, for the first time, the use of thermochemical fluids to improve the hydrocarbon productivity for shale reservoirs.
Raise Your Voice at a Proper Pace to Synchronize in Multiple Ad Hoc Piconets (2006)

Timing synchronization of symbol boundaries is known to affect critically the performance of all coherent communication systems. Its effects are particularly pronounced in contemporary wireless technologies including ultrawideband (UWB) radios and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where cooperative or ad hoc access is challenged by arbitrary asynchronism, intersymbol interference (ISI), receiver noise, as well as inter and intrapiconet interference arising from concurrently communicating nodes. To cope with these challenges, this paper introduces piconet-specific synchronization patterns and simple averaging operations at the receiving ends, which enable low-complexity timing acquisition through energy detection and demodulation by matching to a synchronized aggregate template (SAT). Pattern sequences are designed for both training-based and blind operation. Either way, the idea behind these designs is to periodically increase the transmit-power ("voice") of each piconet's synchronizing node with a period ("pace") characteristic of each piconet. Performance of the novel synchronization protocols is tested with simulations conforming to an UWB wireless personal area network (WPAN) setup
Development of Marine Natural Gas Hydrate Mining Technology and Equipment (2020)

Natural gas hydrate, especially marine natural gas hydrate, is a new clean unconventional energy which is expected to replace the traditional fossil energies. The global reserve for the natural gas hydrate is rich; but its exploitation is still in the research stage, and the commercial and large-scale exploitation faces many challenges regarding technology and equipment. Aimed at the existing hydrate exploitation methods, this study analyzes the key technologies and processes involved in two trial production modes (i.e., depressurization and solid-state fluidization) that were adopted in the pilot production projects of offshore natural gas in Japan and China, summarizes the development status of relevant technology and equipment in China and abroad, and proposes some development suggestions for marine gas hydrate exploitation suitable for the reservoir and equipment technology in China. We found that China lags behind other countries in the fields of general key technologies and equipment for hydrate, oil gas, and subsea metal mining, represented by deep-sea mining vehicles and dual-gradient drilling technology for the loose shallow layer. In the field of special key technologies and equipment, represented by sand control technology and equipment, pre-inclined directional drilling technology for shallow hydrate mining, and combined production of hydrate, free gas, and conventional natural gas, China’s comprehensive level is equivalent to the international advanced level, but it still cannot satisfy the requirements for commercial mining. The development of exploitation technologies and equipment for marine natural gas hydrates in China is expected to enter a leading stage in 2035, and an engineering equipment system for commercial development is expected to be established by then. To this end, we suggest that a research and development plan for marine natural gas hydrate exploitation technology and equipment should be formulated at the national level, so as to promote the commercial development of hydrates, and the research and application of special and general technologies and equipment for offshore non-diagenetic hydrate exploitation should be accelerated.
Clinical, Microbiological, and Histological Factors Which Influence the Success of Regenerative Periodontal Therapy (1994)

The primary objectives of this double-blind, controlled clinical trial were to assess factor(s) which affect the success of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures in mandibular Class II buccal furcation defects. Thirty subjects, with mandibular Class II furcation defects, were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; patients in Group A received oral hygiene instructions with scaling and root planing, while subjects in Group B received similar treatment but without subgingival scaling and root planing at the affected site. After initial oral hygiene instructions and scaling and root planing, GTR surgery was performed using ePTFE barrier membranes. Membranes were retrieved at 6 weeks and subjected to histological examination. Twelve months after regenerative therapy, clinical measurements and re-entry surgical measurements were repeated. Probing reduction (2.61 mm), horizontal probing attachment gain (2.59 mm), and vertical probing attachment gain (0.95 mm) were all significantly better compared to baseline. Likewise, significant improvements in furcation volume (8.0 microliters) and in bone measurements were observed at re-entry. There was no discernible difference between subjects for whom complete anti-infective therapy was deferred to the time of the surgery (Group B) compared to subjects in whom complete anti-infective therapy was performed as part of the hygienic phase of therapy (Group A). Pre-operative pocket depth was directly correlated with the magnitude of attachment gain as well as the amount of new bone formation in the furcation area. Subjects who maintained good oral hygiene and who had minimal gingival inflammation throughout the study demonstrated consistently better regenerative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diploidized eggs reprogram adult somatic cell nuclei to pluripotency in nuclear transfer in medaka fish ( <i>Oryzias latipes</i> ) (2007)

Reprogramming of adult somatic cell nuclei to pluripotency has been unsuccessful in non-mammalian animals, primarily because of chromosomal aberrations in nuclear transplants, which are considered to be caused by asynchrony between the cell cycles of the recipient egg and donor nucleus. In order to normalize the chromosomal status, we used diploidized eggs by retention of second polar body release, instead of enucleated eggs, as recipients in nuclear transfer of primary culture cells from the caudal fin of adult green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) transgenic medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). We found that 2.7% of the reconstructed embryos grew into adults that expressed GFP in various tissues in the same pattern as in the donor fish. Moreover, these fish were diploid, fertile and capable of passing the marker gene to the next generation in Mendelian fashion. We hesitate to call these fish 'clones' because we used non-enucleated eggs as recipients; in effect, they may be chimeras consisting of cells derived from diploid recipient nuclei and donor nuclei. In either case, fish adult somatic cell nuclei were reprogrammed to pluripotency and differentiated into a variety of cell types including germ cells via the use of diploidized recipient eggs.
Phosphorylation Site Mutations Affect Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0 Function (2004)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early (IE) regulatory protein infected-cell protein 0 (ICP0) is a strong and global transactivator of both viral and cellular genes. In a previous study, we reported that ICP0 is highly phosphorylated and contains at least seven distinct phosphorylation signals as determined by phosphotryptic peptide mapping (D. J. Davido et al., J. Virol. 76:1077-1088, 2002). Since phosphorylation affects the activities of many viral regulatory proteins, we sought to determine whether the phosphorylation of ICP0 affects its functions. To address this question, it was first necessary to identify the regions of ICP0 that are phosphorylated. For this purpose, ICP0 was partially purified, and phosphorylation sites were mapped by microcapillary high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Three phosphorylated regions containing 11 putative phosphorylation sites, all within or adjacent to domains important for the transactivating activity of ICP0, were identified. The 11 sites were mutated to alanine as clusters in each of the three regions by site-directed mutagenesis, generating plasmids expressing mutant forms of ICP0: Phos 1 (four mutated sites), Phos 2 (three mutated sites), and Phos 3 (four mutated sites). One-dimensional phosphotryptic peptide analysis confirmed that the phosphorylation state of each Phos mutant form of ICP0 is altered relative to that of wild-type ICP0. In functional assays, the ICP0 phosphorylation site mutations affected the subcellular and subnuclear localization of ICP0, its ability to alter the staining pattern of the nuclear domain 10 (ND10)-associated protein PML, and/or its transactivating activity in Vero cells. Only mutations in Phos 1, however, impaired the ability of ICP0 to complement the replication of an ICP0 null mutant in Vero cells. This study thus suggests that phosphorylation is an important regulator of ICP0 function.
Microfluidic end effector for manufacturing of nano devices (2006)

In this paper, a new pneumatic end effector system for micro/nano fluidic handling, nanomanufacturing, and micro/nano manipulation is presented. The new micro pneumatic end-effector system consists of a DC micro-diaphragm pump and compressor, one region of flexible latex tube, a Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) sensor for in-situ measurement of micro force, and a micro steel tip. The micro steel tip of the new pneumatic end effector system has an internal diameter (ID) of 20 mum used for handling nano entities such as carbon nanotubes, DNA, micro/nano particles as well as for microfluidic handling and droplet control. The DC micro-diaphragm pump is automatically controlled via a voltage driver interfaced with a computer in order to effectively and efficiently control suction force and pressure during microfluidic handling and droplet control in nano manufacturing. The new pneumatic end effector system with force sensing can significantly improve the success rate for handling/depositing micro/nano entities in the case of carbon nanotubes. The experimental results show the success rate of placing carbon nanotubes between electrodes can reach close to 80%. Ultimately, the technology will provide a critical and major step towards the development of automated manufacturing process for batch assembly of micro devices, manufacturing of nano devices, microfluidic droplet control, and drug delivery
High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistor with Matching Energy‐Band Alignment between Organic Semiconductor and the Charge‐Trapping Dielectric (2019)

Abstract High‐performance bottom‐gate nonvolatile organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) devices based on a special matching energy‐band alignment between the organic semiconductor pentacene and the charge‐trapping dielectric ZnTe are reported. The lower potential difference between the conduction band minimum of ZnTe and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of pentacene with a weak electron conductivity endows the OFET a memory window of 10 V at an applied sweeping gate‐voltage of ±15 V, a high I ON / I OFF ratio of more than 10 6 , and good retention with a high I ON / I OFF ratio of 6 × 10 5 after 10 4 s. The large memory window of the OFET is attributed to the unique energy‐band alignment of the memory device and the high density of traps in Te‐deficient ZnTe film, and the prominent retention is attributed to the deeply trapped electrons in the potential well formed by Al 2 O 3 tunneling and blocking layers.
Corona Discharge in Charge Reduction Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Corona discharge is applied to charge reduction electrospray mass spectrometry for the analysis of complex mixtures of biological molecules. Recent work has described a method of charge reduction (reducing the charge states of analyte ions generated by the electrospray process) employing the radioactive isotope 210Po to produce neutralizing species. A variation to this approach is presented, in which charge neutralization is mediated by ions produced in a corona discharge. Varying the corona discharge voltage controls the current and the degree of charge reduction, providing predominantly singly charged ions that are detected by a commercial electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This technique provides charge reduction for the simplification of ESI spectra, without need for any radioactive material.
Self‐Grown Oxy‐Hydroxide@ Nanoporous Metal Electrode for High‐Performance Supercapacitors (2013)

A binder-free self-grown oxy-hydroxide@nanoporous Ni-Mn hybrid electrode with high capacitance and cyclic stability is fabricated by electrochemical polarization of a dealloyed nanoporous Ni-Mn alloy. Combined with the low material costs, high electrochemical stability, and environmentally friendly nature, this novel electrode holds great promise for applications in high-capacity commercial supercapacitors.
High-Performance Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes With a New Collector Design (2008)

We report two uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (PD) structures, for high-power and high-linearity applications. Using a thick collection layer (500 nm), the fabricated 25-m-diameter PDs achieve a 3-dB bandwidth up to 29 GHz, and a maximum dissipated heat power of about 480 mW, simultaneously. A new collector design with a nonuniform doping profile is proposed to better relax the space charge effect. Its performances are compared to a uniformly doped collector layer. Saturation currents and third-order intermodulation distortion measurements at 20 GHz confirm the advantage of the new collector design for high-power and high-linearity performances: 1-dB saturation current as high as 120 mA and a third-order intercept point in excess of 35 dBm at 70 mA are recorded.
Noncoherent ultra-wideband radios (2005)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radios have received increasing attention recently for their potential LPD attributes and low-power consumption and low-complexity implementation. Because of the pulsed or duty-cycled nature of the ultra-short transmitted waveforms, timing synchronization and channel estimation pose major, and often conflicting, challenges. In order to address (or in fact bypass) both tasks, we design and test noncoherent UWB (de)modulation schemes, which remain operational even without timing and channel information. Relying on integrate-and-dump operations of what we term "dirty templates", we first derive a maximum likelihood (ML) optimal scheme. We further establish a conditional ML demodulator with lower complexity. Analysis and simulations show that it can also be applied after (possibly imperfect) timing acquisition, as well as be adapted to a transmitted reference (TR) scheme. The resultant robust-to-timing (RT)TR considerably improves performance of the original TR in the presence of timing offsets or residual timing acquisition errors.