gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyper-adhesion: a new concept in cell–cell adhesion (2008)

We have developed a new concept of cell-cell adhesion termed 'hyper-adhesion', the very strong adhesion adopted by desmosomes. This uniquely desmosomal property accounts for their ability to provide the intercellular links in the desmosome-intermediate filament complex. These links are targeted by diseases, resulting in disruption of the complex with severe consequences. Hyper-adhesion is characteristic of desmosomes in tissues and is believed to result from a highly ordered arrangement of the extracellular domains of the desmosomal cadherins that locks their binding interaction so that it is highly resistant to disruption. This ordered arrangement may be reflected by and dependent upon a similarly ordered molecular structure of the desmosomal plaque. Hyper-adhesion can be down-regulated to a more weakly adhesive state by cell signalling involving protein kinase C, which translocates to the desmosomal plaque. Down-regulation takes place in wound edge epithelium and appears to be accompanied by loss of the ordered arrangement causing desmosomes to adopt the type of weaker adhesion characteristic of adherens junctions. We review the evidence for hyper-adhesion and speculate on the molecular basis of its mechanism.
Dimming-discrete-multi-tone (DMT) for simultaneous color control and high speed visible light communication (2014)

Visible light communication (VLC) using LEDs has attracted significant attention recently for the future secure, license-free and electromagnetic-interference (EMI)-free optical wireless communication. Dimming technique in LED lamp is advantageous for energy efficiency. Color control can be performed in the red-green-blue (RGB) LEDs by using dimming technique. It is highly desirable to employ dimming technique to provide simultaneous color and dimming control and high speed VLC. Here, we proposed and demonstrated a LED dimming control using dimming-discrete-multi-tone (DMT) modulation. High speed DMT-based VLC with simultaneous color and dimming control is demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Demonstration and analyses for several modulation conditions and transmission distances are performed, for instance, demonstrating the data rate of 103.5 Mb/s (using RGB LED) with fast Fourier transform (FFT) size of 512.
Interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs and cardiac memory (2001)

Pacing to induce CM significantly affects ventricular repolarization and refractoriness, and there are interactions between CM, quinidine and E4031. Depending on the specific drug, these interactions have the potential to be anti- or proarrhythmic, and may impact importantly on the clinical efficacy of drugs as well as on electrophysiologic testing of drug actions.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopes (2014)

Lauren Epstein, MD, MSc; Jennifer C. Hunter, DrPH; M. Allison Arwady, MD; Victoria Tsai, MPH; Linda Stein, MPH; Marguerite Gribogiannis, MPA; Mabel Frias, MPH; Alice Y. Guh, MD; Alison S. Laufer, PhD; Stephanie Black, MD; Massimo Pacilli, MS; Heather Moulton-Meissner, PhD; J. Kamile Rasheed, PhD; Johannetsy J. Avillan, BS; Brandon Kitchel, MS; Brandi M. Limbago, PhD; Duncan MacCannell, PhD; David Lonsway, PhD; Judith Noble-Wang, PhD; Judith Conway, RN; Craig Conover, MD; Michael Vernon, DrPH; Alexander J. Kallen, MD
Wild-Type <i>KRAS</i> Is Required for Panitumumab Efficacy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2008)

Purpose Panitumumab, a fully human antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has activity in a subset of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Although activating mutations in KRAS, a small G-protein downstream of EGFR, correlate with poor response to anti-EGFR antibodies in mCRC, their role as a selection marker has not been established in randomized trials. Patients and Methods KRAS mutations were detected using polymerase chain reaction on DNA from tumor sections collected in a phase III mCRC trial comparing panitumumab monotherapy to best supportive care (BSC). We tested whether the effect of panitumumab on progression-free survival (PFS) differed by KRAS status. Results KRAS status was ascertained in 427 (92%) of 463 patients (208 panitumumab, 219 BSC). KRAS mutations were found in 43% of patients. The treatment effect on PFS in the wild-type (WT) KRAS group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.45; 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.59) was significantly greater (P < .0001) than in the mutant group (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.36). Median PFS in the WT KRAS group was 12.3 weeks for panitumumab and 7.3 weeks for BSC. Response rates to panitumumab were 17% and 0%, for the WT and mutant groups, respectively. WT KRAS patients had longer overall survival (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.82; treatment arms combined). Consistent with longer exposure, more grade III treatment-related toxicities occurred in the WT KRAS group. No significant differences in toxicity were observed between the WT KRAS group and the overall population. Conclusion Panitumumab monotherapy efficacy in mCRC is confined to patients with WT KRAS tumors. KRAS status should be considered in selecting patients with mCRC as candidates for panitumumab monotherapy.
P-113 <scp>d</scp> , an Antimicrobial Peptide Active against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> , Retains Activity in the Presence of Sputum from Cystic Fibrosis Patients (2001)

Antimicrobial peptides are a source of novel agents that could be useful for treatment of the chronic lung infections that afflict cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Efficacy depends on antimicrobial activity against the major pathogens of CF patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae, in the environment of the CF patient's airway. We describe the in vitro efficacies of derivatives of histatins, which are histidine-rich peptides produced by the salivary glands of humans and higher primates. P-113, a peptide containing 12 of the 24 amino acid residues of the parent molecule, histatin 5, retained full antibacterial activity and had a good spectrum of activity in vitro against the prominent pathogens of CF patients. However, P-113 was not active in the presence of purulent sputum from CF patients. In contrast, P-113D, the mirror-image peptide with the amino acid residues in the D configuration, was stable in sputum, was as active as P-113 against pathogens of CF patients in the absence of sputum and retained significant activity in the presence of sputum from CF patients. Recombinant human DNase, which effectively liquefies sputum, enhanced the activity of P-113D in undiluted sputum against both exogenous (added) bacteria and endogenous bacteria. Because of its properties, P-113D shows potential as an inhalant in chronic suppressive therapy for CF patients.
Fabrication of an Oriented Lectin Microarray (2010)

To tag or not to tag: An oriented lectin microarray utilizing recombinant lectins with the standard prokaryotic expression tag glutathione S-transferase has been reported. The oriented lectin microarray improves the overall sensitivity and limits of detection by site-specific orientation of recombinant lectins. This continual improvement of the lectin microarray technology enables a deeper understanding of the biological function of glycans. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
TimeML: Robust Specification of Event and Temporal Expressions in Text (2003)

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed on epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. CEACAM1 is a differentiation antigen involved in the maintenance of epithelial polarity that is induced during hepatocyte differentiation and liver regeneration. CEACAM1 regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance, and controls liver tolerance and mucosal immunity. Obese insulin-resistant humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease manifest loss of hepatic CEACAM1. In mice, deletion or functional inactivation of CEACAM1 impairs insulin clearance and compromises metabolic homeostasis which initiates the development of obesity and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with other features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and adipogenesis in white adipose depot. This is followed by inflammation and endothelial and cardiovascular dysfunctions. In obstructive and inflammatory liver diseases, soluble CEACAM1 is shed into human bile where it can serve as an indicator of liver disease. On immune cells, CEACAM1 acts as an immune checkpoint regulator, and deletion of <i>Ceacam1</i> gene in mice causes exacerbation of inflammation and hyperactivation of myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Hence, hepatic CEACAM1 resides at the central hub of immune and metabolic homeostasis in both humans and mice. This review focuses on the regulatory role of CEACAM1 in liver and biliary tract architecture in health and disease, and on its metabolic role and function as an immune checkpoint regulator of hepatic inflammation.
Inhibition of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in liver enzymes and chicken hepatocytes by polar fractions of garlic, (1983)

Different concentrations of polar fractions, methanol-soluble (MESF), or water-soluble (WASF), of 1-8% equivalent to fresh garlic paste were added to yellow corn-soybean based diets and fed to 5-week-old male broiler chickens for 3 weeks to measure the inhibition of hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (7 alpha-hydroxy) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS). Dose-related decreases in the activities of these enzymes were obtained. Decreases in serum total cholesterol and in low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were also observed. There was no effect on the level of cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL). The most effective dose for these decreases was found 0.54% (MESF) and 1.2% (WASF) equivalent to 6% of the fresh garlic. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and FAS by 25-300 micrograms of MESF or WASF for 15 min was tested in vitro, in male and female chicken hepatocytes. Inhibitions of activity were dose-dependent and the degree of inhibition increased with duration of incubation (150 micrograms of MESF or WASF 5 to 60 min). Dietary supplementation of odorless WASF of garlic was found to be very effective in lowering the total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to control chickens.
Two Types of Ventricular Fibrillation in Isolated Rabbit Hearts (2002)

Two types of VF exist in isolated rabbit hearts. Fast (type I) VF is associated with a steep APD restitution, a flat CT(-1) restitution, and wandering wavelets. Slow (type II) VF is associated with a flat APD restitution, a steep CT(-1) restitution, and spatiotemporal periodicity. Both excitability and APD restitution are important in VF maintenance.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrates of Carp Oil: Chemical Hydrolysis and Urea Complexation (2011)

Abstract The aims of this study were to compare three treatments in the chemical hydrolysis reaction of bleached oil from carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) heads and to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates by urea complexation. The three treatments were carried out with different oil:ethanol molar ratios. In the treatment with a 1:39 molar ratio, a higher yield of free fatty acids was found. These fatty acids were submitted to urea complexation (−10 °C for 20 h, and urea–fatty acid ratio of 4.5–1). There was a 31.4% increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) content and a 75% decrease in saturated fatty acids (SAF) content. An increase of 85.4% in the EPA + DHA content was found. The non‐urea complexing fraction can be considered a rich source of MUFA and PUFA with a total amount of 88.9%.
Surface mechanical properties of pHEMA contact lenses: Viscoelastic and adhesive property changes on exposure to controlled humidity (2003)

The surface mechanical properties of poly(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (pHEMA)-based contact lenses were monitored as a function of humidity by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface viscoelastic and adhesion values were extracted from AFM force versus distance interaction curves and were found to be strongly dependent on the bulk water content of the lens and on the relative humidity. At low relative humidity, 40-50%, the dehydration rate from the surface is faster than the hydration rate from the bulk, leading to a rigid surface region that has mechanical properties similar to those measured on totally dehydrated lenses. At relative humidity values > 60%, the dehydration rate from the lens surface rapidly decreases, leading to higher surface water content and a softer surface region. The results indicate that, in an ocular environment, although the bulk of the pHEMA contact lens is hydrated, the surface region may be in a transition between a dehydrated glassy state and a hydrated rubbery state.
Using Inverted Files to Compress Text (2002)

This is the first report on a new approach to text compression. It consists of representing the text file with compressed inverted file index in conjunction with very compact lexicon, where lexicon includes every word in the text. The index is compressed using standard index compression techniques, and lexicon is compressed by original dictionary compression method that gives better compression results than existing procedures. Compression procedure is complex, but decompression time is linear with the file size, although it requires two passes and hence can not be performed online. First experiments show that this method, when refined, can be competitive for larger texts that only need to be decompressed in the real time.
Self-paced brain–computer interface control of ambulation in a virtual reality environment (2012)

By using a data-driven machine learning approach to decode users' KMI, this BCI-VRE system enabled intuitive and purposeful self-paced control of ambulation after only 10 minutes training. The ability to achieve such BCI control with minimal training indicates that the implementation of future BCI-lower extremity prosthesis systems may be feasible.
Bacterial motility: links to the environment and a driving force for microbial physics (2005)

Bacterial motility was recognized 300 years ago. Throughout this history, research into motility has led to advances in microbiology and physics. Thirty years ago, this union helped to make run and tumble chemotaxis the paradigm for bacterial movement. This review highlights how this paradigm has expanded and changed, and emphasizes the following points. The absolute magnitude of swimming speed is ecologically important because it helps determine vulnerability to Brownian motion, sensitivity to gradients, the type of receptors used and the cost of moving, with some bacteria moving at 1 mm s(-1). High costs for high speeds are offset by the benefit of resource translocation across submillimetre redox and other environmental gradients. Much of environmental chemotaxis appears adapted to respond to gradients of micrometres, rather than migrations of centimetres. In such gradients, control of ion pumps is particularly important. Motility, at least in the ocean, is highly intermittent and the speed is variable within a run. Subtleties in flagellar physics provide a variety of reorientation mechanisms. Finally, while careful physical analysis has contributed to our current understanding of bacterial movement, tactic bacteria are increasingly widely used as experimental and theoretical model systems in physics.
Four Trends Leading to Java Runtime Bloat (2010)

Today, programmers work in an environment of rapid global development of large-scale applications that have become increasingly interconnected. These drivers are the backdrop for four important software engineering trends: the wide adoption of object-oriented principles, the pervasive use of abstractions, system and data integration, and the increasing need for software flexibility. Programmers no longer write monolithic applications; they assemble code from a sea of reuseable libraries and frameworks. Many programmers believe that improved productivity always outweighs any resulting loss in performance, but experience with large Java applications doesn't support this belief.
Dietary Saturated and<i>Trans</i>Fatty Acids and Lipoprotein Metabolism (1994)

Earlier studies have shown that not all saturated fatty acids are equally hypercholesterolaemic: stearic acid (C18:0) and saturated fatty acids with less than 12 carbon atoms are thought not to raise serum cholesterol levels. This suggests that the cholesterol-raising effects of saturated fatty acids can be attributed to lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0). These three saturated fatty acids also have different effects on serum total cholesterol levels. Results from recent controlled dietary experiments suggest that lauric acid raises serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels slightly less, and myristic acid more, as compared with palmitic acid. Myristic acid, however, also causes higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Stearic acid has only a slight effect on serum LDL and HDL cholesterol levels as compared with oleic acid. Trans monounsaturated fatty acids, however, increase LDL and decrease HDL cholesterol levels. Precise effects on lipoproteins of short and medium chain triglycerides (C4:0-C10:0) have never been examined.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Report of 2506 Catheter Days (1995)

The majority of published data about PICC lines is in the area of chemotherapy or antibiotic infusion. Our study supports the use of PICC lines in patients receiving a variety of solutions, primarily parenteral nutrition. With an experienced, team approach to catheter placement and maintenance, PICC lines provide reliable, cost-effective venous access and reduce many of the complications of central venous access in a variety of clinical settings.
Supramolecular Catalyst for Aldehyde Hydrogenation and Tandem Hydroformylation–Hydrogenation (2009)

The chemoselective reduction of aldehydes and the tandem hydroformylation–hydrogenation of terminal alkenes are possible with a supramolecular catalyst that operates by a novel mechanism involving substrate activation by hydrogen bonding and subsequent metal–ligand bifunctional hydrogenation (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Marketing in the Network Economy (1999)

As the twenty-first century dawns, marketing is poised for revolutionary changes in its organizational context, as well as in its relationship with customers. Driven by a dynamic and knowledge-rich...
Integrated Circuits of a PFC Controller for Interleaved Critical-Mode Boost Converters (2007)

Boost converters operated in critical mode can achieve high efficiency, while they have some limitations, such as high current ripple, high component rating and low power application. Thus, this paper proposes integrated circuits (IC) of a powerfactor corrector (PFC) controller for interleaved critical-mode boost converters. The proposed PFC control IC can achieve the features of interleaving function, zero voltage switching, wide input voltage range and wide output load range. Simulated results obtained from two-phase boost converters with the proposed PFC IC have verified the features and control schemes of the proposed controller.
The effect of dynamic culture conditions on endothelial cell seeding and retention on small diameter polyurethane vascular grafts (2004)

Due to the limited number of cells available in endothelial cell (EC) seeding of small diameter vascular grafts, high seeding rate and ideal proliferation are normally required and can be achieved by optimizing the EC seeding and culture procedures. In this study, by using rotational seeding at 0.16 rpm for 12 h in an incubator, 90% cells were successfully seeded on the polyurethane vascular grafts. Following a period of 72 h of static culture, the cell retention after 6 h of flushing could reach 90%. The retention was further enhanced after perfuse culture (9 cm/s). The optimal procedures to prepare a polyurethane vascular graft (4-mm i.d., 4 cm long) populated with firmly attached EC were therefore: (1) seeding the graft with 0.5 ml of cell suspension containing approximately 10(5) cells rotated at 0.16 rpm for 12 h; (2) culturing the seeded graft in static for 72 h; and (3) culturing the graft by perfusion (9 cm/s) for another 72 h to 7 days. These procedures consistently resulted in a graft covered with confluent vein EC that fully retained on the surface after 6 h of in vitro flushing.
Remote versus face-to-face asthma reviews (2015)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the safety and efficacy of conducting asthma reviews remotely versus face‐to‐face.
Direct oral anticoagulants and cancer-associated VTE: good for all, or just some? (2020)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer. Therefore, tailoring anticoagulation is of utmost importance to decrease the risk of recurrent VTE while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Direct oral anticoagulants have been recently compared with low-molecular-weight heparin for the management of acute cancer-associated thrombosis. Although direct oral anticoagulants are a welcome addition, clinicians need to incorporate clinical characteristics, drug-drug interactions, and patient preference in decision making.
Better transfer learning with inferred successor maps (2019)

Humans and animals show remarkable flexibility in adjusting their behaviour when their goals, or rewards in the environment change. While such flexibility is a hallmark of intelligent behaviour, these multi-task scenarios remain an important challenge for machine learning algorithms and neurobiological models alike. We investigated two approaches that could enable this flexibility: factorized representations, which abstract away general aspects of a task from those prone to change, and nonparametric, memory-based approaches, which can provide a principled way of using similarity to past experiences to guide current behaviour. In particular, we combine the successor representation (SR) that factors the value of actions into expected outcomes and corresponding rewards with evaluating task similarity through clustering the space of reward functions. The proposed algorithm inverts a generative model over tasks, and dynamically samples from a flexible number of distinct SR maps while accumulating evidence about the current task context through amortized inference. It improves SR's transfer capabilities and outperforms competing algorithms and baselines in settings with both known and unsignalled rewards changes. Further, as a neurobiological model of spatial coding in the hippocampus, it explains important signatures of this representation, such as the "flickering" behaviour of hippocampal maps, and trajectory-dependent place cells (so-called splitter cells) and their dynamics. We thus provide a novel algorithmic approach for multi-task learning, as well as a common normative framework that links together these different characteristics of the brain's spatial representation.