gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B virus escape mutants induced by antiviral therapy (2008)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase and envelope genes overlap in such a way that resistance mutations to antiviral agents in the reverse transcriptase gene may affect the antigenicity of the HBV surface antigen. Mutant viruses may escape serological diagnosis using specific anti-HBV surface antigen antibodies, causing occult forms of chronic hepatitis B. Moreover, these HBV strains may evade vaccine protection, representing a public health challenge. Thus, the circulation of HBVs encoding envelope mutations selected by antiviral agents requires close monitoring.
Image sequence restoration and deinterlacing by motion-compensated Kalman filtering (1993)

In this paper we address the following two problems: (1) restoration of noisy and blurred progressively scanned image sequences, and (2) simultaneous restoration and de-interlacing of noisy and blurred interlaced image sequences. De-interlacing refers to the conversion of an interlaced image sequence to a progressive one. We first formulate a Kalman filtering algorithm for image sequence restoration, and then apply this algorithm to the simultaneous de-interlacing and restoration problem. To use Kalman filtering for image sequence restoration effectively, the temporal information contained in the image sequence needs to be incorporated into the problem formulation. One method of quantifying the new information inherent in an image sequence is to estimate the motion between successive frames of the sequence. We use this method, and incorporate the motion information into the Kalman filter through the observation equation. To restore frame k of an image sequence, an autoregressive (AR) model for the k'th frame is used, along with observations coming from both frame k and a previously restored and motion compensated frame k-1.
Feedback control of the subsonic plasma spray process: System model (1995)

In the development of real-time closed-loop control of the plasma spray process a system model which accurately represents system characteristics is required. The system model is developed by randomly varying the process input parameters and observing the outputs. In the thermal plasma spray process the primary parameters to be controlled are the particle temperature, the particle molten state or fraction, and the particle velocity. The process inputs are current, primary and secondary gas flow and powder feed rate and injection velocity. The system model represents the system transfer function and is the first step in the design and assessment of a process controller.
Advanced laminated antiferromagnetically coupled media with high thermal stability and low noise (2002)

Novel laminated antiferromagnetically coupled (LAC) media structures for high areal densities have been proposed. It is shown that a larger M/sub r//spl delta/ reduction can be achieved by adding another stabilizing layer on top of the two-layered LAC media structures. The new structure also provides a lower noise and a higher signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to the existing two-layered LAC media. Another novel structure with a larger thermal stability has also been proposed. This structure can provide very high thermal stability and very low M/sub r//spl delta/ values. These novel structures have potential for ultra-high areal densities above 100 Gb-in/sup 2/.
Alteration of Arterial Vasomotor Function in Vitro by Gene Transfer with a Replication-Deficient Adenovirus (1997)

Gene transfer technologies offer great potential both to investigate and alter the course of vessel wall pathophysiology. Replication-deficient adenovirus vectors appear particu larly useful for the transfection of blood vessels, because of their ability to accommodate large cDNA inserts and to rapidly and efficiently infect mammalian endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The potential effects of transfection with a replication-deficient adenovirus on vasomotor function have not, however, been described. This study reports gene transfer experiments with a replication-deficient adenovirus containing a cytome galovirus promotor and a nuclear localizing variant of the bacterial β-galactosidase gene. Excised carotid artery segments from 6 rabbits were divided into four segments and infected in pairs for thirty minutes with four viral titers (control [0], 2.5×10 9 , 5×10 9 , and 1×10 10 pfu/mL) at 37°C in serum-free culture media (M199). Expression of β-galac tosidase and in vitro vasomotor function were determined after seventy-two hours' incu bation. Isometric tension studies were performed to examine the response of the vessel segments to the contractile agonist norepinephrine. β-galactosidase was expressed in all vessel segments exposed to the adenovirus. There was a significant difference in the sensitivity to norepinephrine (P < 0.04) of the segments treated with the highest and lowest viral titers (mean ±sem, -log 10 [EC 50 ] of 5.98 ±0.09, 5.77 ±0.11, 5.68 ±0.14, and 5.52 ±0.13 for the control, 2.5×10 9 , 5×10 9 , and 1×10 10 plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL groups respectively). Replication-deficient adenovirus vectors can rapidly and efficiently infect rabbit carotid vessels, but there is, however, a dose-dependent alteration of in vitro vessel vasomotor function that may be mediated by a cytotoxic effect of the viral vector. Although further in vivo work is required to verify these results, this effect needs to be taken into account in studies involving adenoviral gene transfer.
Ignitability test method. II (1990)

To determine functional performance of initiating devices, the NASA's Langley Research Center's novel ignitability research on percussion primers has been expanded in 1989 to include measurements of function time, the evaluation of six primer lots (five types), and the determination of the effects of the military cold-temperature requirement of -65 F and primer output closure disks. This test method, a major improvement over the prior primer output test methods, fully met all objectives, while showing a significant amount of ignition variability.
<title>Phase control of backward stimulated Brillouin scattering wave by a self-generated density modulation</title> (2005)

We shows that the phase of a backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) wave can be controlled, which is necessary for a beam combination laser using SBS phase conjugate mirrors. The phase control is achieved by a self-generated density modulation without seeding the Stokes beam. Theoretical analysis shows that the phase fluctuation is mainly due to the pump energy fluctuation and is inversely proportional to the pump energy. We have achieved that the relative phase difference between two SBS waves is smaller than λ/4 for all the pump pulses.
Relationships between Levels of Urinary Podocalyxin, Number of Urinary Podocytes, and Histologic Injury in Adult Patients with IgA Nephropathy (2012)

Levels of u-PCX and the number of urinary podocytes are associated with histologic abnormalities in adults with IgAN.
<i>Francisella tularensis</i>vaccines (2007)

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia, a disease which occurs naturally in some countries in the northern hemisphere. Recently, there has been a high level of interest in devising vaccines against the bacterium because of the potential for it to be used as a bioterrorism agent. Previous human volunteer studies have shown that a strain of F. tularensis [the live vaccine strain (LVS)] that has been attenuated by laboratory passage is effective in humans as a vaccine against airborne disease. However, for a variety of reasons it seems unlikely that the LVS strain will be licensed for use in humans. Against this background there is an effort to devise a licensable vaccine against tularaemia. The prospects for a killed whole-cell subunit of live attenuated vaccine are reviewed. A rationally attenuated mutant seems the most likely route to a new tularaemia vaccine.
Regioregular poly(3-hexyl)selenophene: a low band gap organic hole transporting polymer (2007)

The synthesis of regioregular poly(3-hexyl)selenophene is reported, and its optical and electrical properties are compared to those of regioregular poly(3-hexyl)thiophene.
Calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling (COSMOS): A method for conditioning the inverse problem from measured magnetic field map to susceptibility source image in MRI (2008)

Magnetic susceptibility differs among tissues based on their contents of iron, calcium, contrast agent, and other molecular compositions. Susceptibility modifies the magnetic field detected in the MR signal phase. The determination of an arbitrary susceptibility distribution from the induced field shifts is a challenging, ill-posed inverse problem. A method called "calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling" (COSMOS) is proposed to stabilize this inverse problem. The field created by the susceptibility distribution is sampled at multiple orientations with respect to the polarization field, B(0), and the susceptibility map is reconstructed by weighted linear least squares to account for field noise and the signal void region. Numerical simulations and phantom and in vitro imaging validations demonstrated that COSMOS is a stable and precise approach to quantify a susceptibility distribution using MRI.
Partial SP-B deficiency perturbs lung function and causes air space abnormalities (2005)

Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is required for function of newborn and adult lung, and partial deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to lung injury. In the present study, transgenic mice were produced in which expression of SP-B in type II epithelial cells was conditionally regulated. Concentrations of SP-B were maintained at 60-70% of that normally present in control. Immunostaining for SP-B demonstrated cellular heterogeneity in expression of the protein. In subsets of type II cells in which SP-B staining was decreased, immunostaining for pro-SP-C was increased and lamellar body ultrastructure was disrupted, consistent with focal SP-B deficiency. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses of freshly isolated type II cells identified a population of cells with low SP-B content and a smaller population with increased SP-B content, confirming nonuniform expression of the SP-B transgene. Focal air space enlargement, without cellular infiltration or inflammation, was observed. Pressure-volume curves indicated that maximal tidal volume was unchanged; however, hysteresis was modestly altered and residual volumes were significantly decreased in the SP-B-deficient mice. Chronic, nonuniform SP-B deficiency perturbed pulmonary function and caused air space enlargement.
Model and Characterization of a Press-Button-Type Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (2018)

In this paper, a press-button-type piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is presented. The proposed device is composed of a piezoelectric bender, four magnets, a button, and a reverted spring. The proposed structure is triggered by an impact driven by magnetic force, so this novel trigger mechanism enhances its optimal power output. Based on the piezoelectricity, beam theory, and the vibration theory, a complete numerical model was developed to simulate and predict the output voltage. A prototype was fabricated for verification, and the characterization of the energy harvester was measured. The harvested power and energy by a single impact was recorded as 20 mW and 190 μJ, respectively, at an optimum resistive load of 30 kΩ. The measured data agreed with the results of numerical model. Finally, the piezoelectric energy charger extractor (PECE) was used to store the harvested energy. The energy stored in a capacitor of 1 μF was 42.1 μJ.
N-Linked Glycans and K147 Residue on Hemagglutinin Synergize To Elicit Broadly Reactive H1N1 Influenza Virus Antibodies (2019)

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infections. However, the diversity of antigenically distinct isolates is a challenge for vaccine development. In order to overcome the antigenic variability and improve the protective efficacy of influenza vaccines, our research group has pioneered the development of computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRA) for hemagglutinin (HA). Two candidate COBRA HA vaccines, P1 and X6, elicited antibodies with differential patterns of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activity against a panel of H1N1 influenza viruses. In order to better understand how these HA antigens elicit broadly reactive immune responses, epitopes in the Cb, Sa, or Sb antigenic sites of seasonal-like and pandemic-like wild-type or COBRA HA antigens were exchanged with homologous regions in the COBRA HA proteins to determine which regions and residues were responsible for the elicited antibody profile. Mice were vaccinated with virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing one of the 12 modified HA antigens (designated V1 to V12), COBRA HA antigens, or wild-type HA antigens. The elicited antisera was assessed for hemagglutination inhibition activity against a panel of historical seasonal-like and pandemic-like H1N1 influenza viruses. Primarily, the pattern of glycosylation sites and residues in the Sa antigenic region, around the receptor binding site (RBS), served as signatures for the elicitation of broadly reactive antibodies by these HA immunogens. Mice were vaccinated with VLPs expressing HA antigens that lacked a glycosylation site at residue 144 and a deleted lysine at position 147 residue were more effective at protecting against morbidity and mortality following infection with pandemic-like and seasonal-like H1N1 influenza viruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> There is a great need to develop broadly reactive or universal vaccines against influenza viruses. Advanced, next-generation hemagglutinin (HA) head-based vaccines that elicit protective antibodies against H1N1 influenza viruses have been developed. This study focused on understanding the specific amino acids around the receptor binding site (RBS) that were important in elicitation of these broadly reactive antibodies. Specific glycan sites and amino acids located at the tip of the HA molecule enhanced the elicitation of these broadly reactive antibodies. A better understanding of the HA structures around the RBS will lead to more effective HA immunogens.
Timing analysis with nonseparable statistical and deterministic variations (2012)

Statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) is ideal for random variations but is not suitable for environmental variations like Vdd and temperature. SSTA uses statistical approximation, according to which circuit timing is predicted accurately only for highly probable combinations of variational parameters. SSTA is not able to handle accurately deterministic sources of variation like supply voltage. This paper presents a novel technique for modeling nonseparable deterministic and statistical variations in single timing run.
Enhanced light extraction in tunnel junction-enabled top emitting UV LEDs (2016)

Abstract The efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is critically limited by absorption losses in p-type and metal layers. In this work, surface-roughening-based light extraction structures were combined with tunneling-based top-layer contacts to achieve highly efficient top-side light extraction in UV LEDs. By using self-assembled Ni nanoclusters as an etch mask, the top surface-roughened LEDs were found to enhance the external quantum efficiency by over 40% for UV LEDs with a peak emission wavelength of 326 nm. The method described here can be used for fabricating highly efficient UV LEDs without the need for complex manufacturing techniques such as flip chip bonding.
The Effect of an Intralesional Sustained-Release Formulation of Interferon Alfa-2b on Basal Cell Carcinomas (1990)

Intralesional interferon alfa-2b has been proven effective in the treatment of basal cell carcinomas. Because nine injections over a 3-week period have been necessary to produce clinically significant cure rates, a sustained-release protamine zinc chelate interferon formulation has been developed. In this study, 65 basal cell carcinomas were treated in one of two dosing schedules with intralesional sustained release interferon alfa-2b (10 million IU per injection). Thirty-three patients received a single injection and 32 patients received one injection per week for 3 weeks. At study week 16, 80% of evaluable tumors treated with three injections and 52% treated with one injection were cured histologically. Two patients discontinued injections because of side effects. A sustained-release protamine zinc preparation of interferon alfa-2b shows promise as a practical, effective, and cosmetically elegant treatment for basal cell carcinoma.
Dual-Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Electrospun Polystyrene Nanofibrous Membranes for Membrane Distillation (2014)

A new type of dual-biomimetic hierarchically rough polystyrene (PS) superhydrophobic micro/nano-fibrous membrane was fabricated via a one-step electrospinning technique at various polymer concentrations from 15 to 30 wt %. The obtained micro/nano-fibers exhibited a nanopapillose, nanoporous, and microgrooved surface morphology that originated from mimicking the micro/nanoscale hierarchical structures of lotus leaf and silver ragwort leaf, respectively. Superhydrophobicity and high porosity of such resultant electrospun nanofibrous membranes make them attractive candidates for membrane distillation (MD) application with low energy water recovery. In this study, two kinds of optimized PS nanofibrous membranes with different thicknesses were applied for desalination via direct contact MD. The membranes maintained a high and stable permeate water vapor flux (104.8 ± 4.9 kg/m(2)·h, 20 g/L NaCl salt feed for a thinner PS nanofibrous membrane with thickness of 60 μm; 51 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)·h, 35 g/L NaCl salt feed for the thicker sample with thickness of 120 μm; ΔT = 50 °C) for a test period of 10 h without remarkable membrane pores wetting detected. These results were better than those of typical commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MD membranes or related PVDF nanofibrous membranes reported in literature, suggesting excellent competency of PS nanofibrous membranes for MD applications.
Flexible and Iridescent Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Organosilica Films (2011)

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) has been used to template ethylene-bridged mesoporous organosilica films with long-range chirality and photonic properties. The structural color of the organosilica films results from their chiral nematic ordering, can be varied across the entire visible spectrum, and responds to the presence of chemicals within the mesopores. To synthesize these materials, acid hydrolysis was used to remove the NCC template without disrupting the organosilica framework. The resulting mesoporous organosilica films are much more flexible than brittle mesoporous silica films templated by NCC. These materials are the first of a novel family of chiral mesoporous organosilicas with photonic properties.
IoT boot integrity measuring and reporting (2018)

The current era can be characterized by the massive reliance on computing platforms in almost all domains, such as manufacturing, defense, healthcare, government. However, with the increased productivity, flexibility, and effectiveness that computers provide, comes the vulnerability to cyber-attacks where software, or even firmware, gets subtly modified by a hacker. The integration of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) opts to tackle this issue by aiding in the detection of unauthorized modifications so that devices get remediation as needed. Nonetheless, the use of a TPM is impractical for resource-constrained devices due to power, space and cost limitations. With the recent proliferation of miniaturized devices along with the push towards the Internet-of Things (IoT) there is a need for a lightweight and practical alternative to the TPM. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution that incorporates modest amounts of integrated roots-of-trust logic and supports attestation of the integrity of the device's boot-up state. Our solution leverages crypto-acceleration modules found on many microprocessor and microcontroller based IoT devices nowadays, and introduces little additional overhead. The basic concepts have been validated through implementation on an SoC with an FPGA and a hard microcontroller. We report the validation results and highlight the involved tradeoffs.
Fabrication and Demonstration of Planar Micro-Reactors for Solar Steam Methane Reforming (2018)

International audience
Electrospun Nanocomposites as Flexible Sensors (2008)

Electrospun polymer/nanoparticle composite-fiber strips are introduced as permeable, flexible strain sensors. The composite strips are referred as nanocomposite in this study. In the experiments with uniaxial elongation, the nanocomposite strips showed a reproducible increase in electrical resistance indicating the strain level. The resistance increase was interpreted with a novel percolation model that accommodated changing strips geometry. A theoretical framework for nanocomposites as possible detectors of local clogging in large-scale filters is also proposed.
Neutron radiography (1990)

Abstract Neutron radiography (NR) is a special application of neutron beams that developed rather late compared to other neutron beam applications. It has recently attracted a great deal of attention. Theearliest work on NR was done by the Germans, Kallmann and Kuhn (1935), with a publication by Kallmann in 1948 (1). However, little interest in NR was expressed until later because of the very weak neutron sources available. Interest developedmore rapidly after a slow start in the 1960s using the intense neutron sources from reactors.
Photochemically Synthesized Polyimides (2008)

An alternative to the conventional approach to synthesis of polyimides involves the use of single monomers that are amenable to photopolymerization. Heretofore, the synthesis of polyimides has involved multiple-monomer formulations and heating to temperatures that often exceed 250 C. The present alternative approach enables synthesis under relatively mild conditions that can include room temperature. The main disadvantages of the conventional approach are the following: Elevated production temperatures can lead to high production costs and can impart thermal stresses to the final products. If the proportions of the multiple monomeric ingredients in a given batch are not exactly correct, the molecular weight and other physical properties of the final material could be reduced from their optimum or desired values. To be useful in the alternative approach, a monomer must have a molecular structure tailored to exploit Diels-Alder trapping of a photochemically generated ortho-quinodimethane. (In a Diels-Alder reaction, a diene combines with a dienophile to form molecules that contain six-membered rings.) In particular, a suitable monomer (see figure) contains ortho-methylbenzophenone connected to a dienophile (in this case, a maleimide) through a generic spacer group. Irradiation with ultraviolet light gives rise to a photochemical intermediate the aforementioned ortho-quinodimethane from the ortho-methylbenzophenone. This group may react with the dienophile on another such monomer molecule to produce an oligomer that, in turn may react in a stepgrowth manner to produce a polyimide. This approach offers several advantages in addition to those mentioned above: The monomer can be stored for a long time because it remains unreactive until exposed to light. Because the monomer is the only active starting ingredient, there is no need for mixing, no concern for ensuring correct proportions of monomers, and the purity of the final product material is inherently high. The use of solvents is optional: The synthesis can be performed using the neat monomer or the monomer mixed with one or more solvent(s) in dilute or concentrated solution. The solubility of the monomer and the physical and chemical properties of the final polymer can be tailored through selection of the spacer group.