gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison and simulation of wavelength allocation algorithms on passive optical networks (1998)

A comparison is made between wavelength routing and dynamic wavelength assignment in passive optical networks (PON), to determine quantitatively the benefits of the latter. A Gaussian approximation to the demand spread across a fibre to the cabinet PON is used, firstly to examine an ideal system with perfect reallocation and then to simulate a possible algorithm for wavelength allocation.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Perfluoroalkyl Carbanion Salts. (1986)

Abstract Reaction of the perfluorinated olefins (I) with the difluorosiliconate (II) yields the stable TAS tert. carbanion salts (III).
Analysis and Modeling of Miles-in-Trail Restrictions in the National Airspace System (2013)

This paper presents an analysis of values and locations of Miles-in-Trail restrictions used within the National Airspace System over the last three years. Using specific severe weather avoidance routes, various locations are selected to implement the Miles-in-Trail restrictions to study their individual impact on the delay of flights and sector congestion in the airspace. The current traffic management operational infrastructure lacks the modeling of multiple restrictions with passback Miles-in-Trail values to upstream facilities. The model developed here allows implementation of multiple restriction locations for multiple merging streams of traffic. The model also permits speed control, vectoring or airborne holding, and passback of restrictions to upstream facilities. The simulation environment allows implementation of these restrictions, enabling a what-if capability in a rapid evaluation mode for Miles-in-Trail impact. Preliminary results are presented for delay of impacted flights due to implementation of three different playbook routes and Miles-in-Trail values at various locations with passbacks to upstream facilities. Results of sector congestion in the airspace for those cases are discussed as well. It was observed that for a particular playbook route implementation with Miles-in-Trail between 25 and 30 nmi applied at a reference fix resulted in low total delay and sector congestion. Overall, the model appears to be a good starting point for evaluation of passback restriction impact and, with operational feedback, could be used for advising passback values to upstream facilities.
Transcription of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> Genes Involved in Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Glyoxylate Cycle (2008)

Transcription of the tricarboxylic acid cycle genes of Corynebacterium glutamicum was investigated. Northern hybridizations revealed that gltA-fkb, odhA-orfA, sucC-sucD, sdhC-sdhA-sdhB-orfB and mdh-orfC were transcribed as polycistronic mRNAs of size 1.9, 4.5, 2.5, 4.0 and 1.7 kb, respectively. The acn-acnR-gat gene cluster was transcribed as a mono-, bi- or tricistronic mRNA, depending on the carbon source. The 2.9-kb (acn) and 1.5-kb (acnR-gat) mRNAs, which were regulated by different promoters upstream of acn and acnR, were inversely expressed in acetate and glucose. The 4.5 kb (acn-acnR-gat) mRNA was constitutively expressed. The sizes of the mRNAs were 2.3, 2.1, 1.5, 1.3, 1.7, 1.5 and 2.9 kb for icd, sucB, fum, mdhB, mqo, aceA and aceB, respectively, indicating monocistronic transcription of these genes. RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis of C. glutamicum RNA showed that the transcriptional start sites of gltA, acn, icd, odhA, sucB, sucC, sdhC, fum, mdh, mdhB, mqo, aceA and aceB were located 121, 107, 31, 99, 46, 83, 15, 25, 33, 23, 70, 111 and 183 bp upstream from the first nucleotide of the respective translation initiation codons. Alignment of these gene promoter regions provided evidence for highly conserved sequences that exhibited similarity to the sigma(A) consensus promoter sequences of Gram-positive bacteria.
Critical assessment of operational path analysis: effect of coupling between path inputs (2008)

Classical transfer path analysis (TPA) is a widely used and reliable method for tackling noise and vibration problems. But due to its complexity and time-consuming procedure the industry is constantly seeking for simpler and faster methods. One such method, often referred to as operational path analysis (OPA), was presented in 2006 and has quickly gained popularity in the NVH field. The method works with measured operational input and output accelerations and sound pressures and the transmissibilities calculated from these. The claim for its accuracy is based on being able to reproduce the original output signal by summing the calculated partial contributions but it has not yet been compared to other TPA methods. This new method is now critically examined and compared to a reliable classical TPA measurement. The results of this examination reveal three significant weaknesses. This paper deals with the effect of the cross-coupling between the input signals. Due to modal behavior a single force will cause vibrations at all inputs. Thus, there is not a simple one-to-one relationship between loads and inputs. This coupling then can easily lead to false identification of significant paths in case of the OPA method.
PEGASUS: Pre-training with Extracted Gap-sentences for Abstractive Summarization (2019)

Recent work pre-training Transformers with self-supervised objectives on large text corpora has shown great success when fine-tuned on downstream NLP tasks including text summarization. However, pre-training objectives tailored for abstractive text summarization have not been explored. Furthermore there is a lack of systematic evaluation across diverse domains. In this work, we propose pre-training large Transformer-based encoder-decoder models on massive text corpora with a new self-supervised objective. In PEGASUS, important sentences are removed/masked from an input document and are generated together as one output sequence from the remaining sentences, similar to an extractive summary. We evaluated our best PEGASUS model on 12 downstream summarization tasks spanning news, science, stories, instructions, emails, patents, and legislative bills. Experiments demonstrate it achieves state-of-the-art performance on all 12 downstream datasets measured by ROUGE scores. Our model also shows surprising performance on low-resource summarization, surpassing previous state-of-the-art results on 6 datasets with only 1000 examples. Finally we validated our results using human evaluation and show that our model summaries achieve human performance on multiple datasets.
Holographic photoelectrochemical etching of diffraction gratings in n-InP and n-GaInAsP for DFB lasers (1984)

Direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of submicron diffraction gratings in n-InP and n-Ga-InAsP has been studied using laser interference holography. In this technique the semiconductor is placed in an electrolyte and electrically biased to form a depletion region at the sample surface. A 2-mole HF/0.5-mole KOH solution was used in these experiments. Etching is controlled by the laser beam intensity at the electrolyte-crystal interface and for n-type materials occurs by an oxidative decomposition reaction involving photogenerated holes. Holographic exposure of the sample results in selective photoetching since the light-to-dark etch rate ratio is > 100:1. Development of such a maskless technique for producing gratings has potential application in the fabrication of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers which are currently made by a multistep photoresist process.
Hot Corrosion Resistance of Thermal Barrier Coatings (1992)

The hot corrosion resistance of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings was evaluated using an atmospheric burner rig. The coatings were deposited by plasma spraying and electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The tests were performed for up to 2000 hours at 1700°F and 1300°F. The test parameters were designed to simulate the deposit chemistry and corrosion microstructures observed in marine gas turbine engines. The YSZ coating performed very well in the tests, with no spallation and little bond coat corrosion. Plasma sprayed YSZ coating was also evaluated by engine testing in a hot corrosive environment. Post test evaluation showed virtually no corrosion of the ceramic or the bond coat. Parts that were not ceramic coated had undergona severe corrosion. The results are discussed in terms of coating microstructures and the chemistry of the environment.
InGaP/InGaAsP/GaAs 0.808 /spl mu/m separate confinement laser diodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1994)

Aluminum-free InGaP/InGaAsP/GaAs separate confinement heterostructures have been grown and used for broad-area stripe diode laser fabrication. The lasers demonstrated a uniform near-field pattern and emission spectrum at /spl lambda/=0.808 μm with a full width at half maximum /spl les/2 mm, meeting the necessary requirements for Nd:YAG pumping systems. A threshold current density of 470 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and differential efficiency of 0.7 W/A with series resistance of 0.12 /spl Omega/ for 1.37 mm-long diodes have been measured.
DNA Microarray Expression Profiling of Bladder Cancer Allows Identification of Noninvasive Diagnostic Markers (2009)

Bladder cancer analysis by DNA microarrays provides new putative mRNA markers for bladder cancer diagnosis and/or prognosis that can be extrapolated to bladder fluids.
<title>Compression-compatible fragile and semifragile tamper detection</title> (2000)

In this paper, we present two tamper-detection techniques. The first is a fragile technique that can detect the most minor changes in a marked image using a DCT-based data hiding method to embed a tamper-detection mark. The second is a semi-fragile technique that detects the locations of significant manipulations while disregarding the less important effects of image compression and additive channel noise. Both techniques are fully described and the performance of each algorithms demonstrated by manipulation of the marked images.
The Mode-Locked SAW Oscillator (1975)

The mode-locked SAW oscillator is a new type of signal source, one which generates a stable and highly coherent pulsed rf output. The new device is analogous to the self mode-locked microwave oscillator described by Cutler in 1955 and the mode-locked lasersintroduced by Hargrove, et al. in 1964 and by DeMaria, et al. in 1967. In operation, the multiple modes of oscillation, spaced by the reciprocal of the decay time and usually deemed undesirable, are synchronized by inserting a nonlinear element, a signal e~ander, into the feedback loop. The synchronized spectral lines, whose number are governed by the bandwidth of the SAW transducers, combine to form a precise train of short rf pulses~with a repetition rate equal to the reciprocal of the delay time. Furthermore, the rf frequency is a precise harmonic of the pulse repetition rate. The precision, highly synchronized, comb spectrum is a feature which could prove important for frequency synthesis in programmable frequency hopping systems. Experiments with mode-locked oscillators operating near 100 MHz with 50 ns pulse widths, 0.56 MHz repetition rates and comb spectrums spanning more than 20 MHz are described.
An Extended Method of Higher-order Local Autocorrelation Feature Extraction for Classification of Histopathological Images (2011)

In histopathological diagnosis, a clinical pathologist discriminates between normal tissues and cancerous tissues. However, recently, the shortage of clinical pathologists is posing increasing burdens on meeting the demands for such diagnoses, and this is becoming a serious social problem. Currently, it is necessary to develop new medical technologies to help reduce their burdens. Therefore, as a diagnostic support technology, this paper describes an extended method of HLAC feature extraction for classification of histopathological images into normal and anomaly. The proposed method can automatically classify cancerous images as anomaly by using an extended geometric invariant HLAC features with rotation- and reflection-invariant properties from three-level histopathological images, which are segmented into nucleus, cytoplasm and background. In conducted experiments, we demonstrate a reduction in the rate of not only false-negative errors but also of false-positive errors, where a normal image is falsely classified as an image with an anomaly that is suspected as being cancerous.
Selective electrogenerative reduction of nitric oxide (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective electrogenerative reduction of nitric oxideStanley H. Langer and Kevin T. PateCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 264–271Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200021a016https://doi.org/10.1021/i200021a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Introducing Ductile Strip for Durability Enhancement of Concrete Slabs (2002)

This paper presents an experimental study on the potential applications of the fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite (ECC) in concrete slabs, such as concrete bridge decks and pavements. It is recognized that cracking due to concrete shrinkage and temperature gradient in the transverse direction in concrete slabs strongly influences the fatigue service life of the slabs. In the present study, attempts at localizing cracks, especially shrinkage cracks, into designated strips, where ECC material with strain-hardening and high strain capacity (up to 5%) and high fatigue crack resistance behavior is used, were carried out. As a result, while microstructure damage exists in the ECC strip, the concrete remains intact. This is demonstrated by simulating the shrinkage in concrete under restrained conditions as tensile load acting on a specially designed specimen. Experimental results show that it is possible to achieve the targeted deformation mode with a certain design on the ECC/concrete interfaces and a certain curing period on the ECC-concrete composite slab. Due to the special material properties of ECC, the strain energy produced by shrinkage (under restrained conditions) of hardened cement and temperature changes can be released by the high strain ability of ECC material so that cracking in plain concrete can be avoided. Thus, the fatigue durability of concrete slabs can be improved, resulting in a longer service life. The proposed design concept may be implemented by placing ECC as periodic special joints or “ductile strip” between stretches of concrete slabs. By replacing standard joints, common deterioration (e.g., D-cracking) problems associated with joints may be also eliminated.
Production of high-brightness continuous wave proton beams with very high proton fractionsa) (1996)

This article demonstrates a new technique to significantly enhance the proton fraction of an ion beam extracted from a plasma ion source. We employ a magnetically confined microwave driven source, though the technique is not source specific and can probably be applied equally effectively to other plasma sources such as Penning and multicusp types. Specifically, we dope the plasma with about 1% H2O, which increases the proton fraction of a 45 keV 45 mA beam from 75% to 90% with 375 W 2.45 GHz power to the source and from 84% to 92% for 500 W when the source is operated under nonresonant conditions. Much of the remaining fraction of the beam comprises a heavy mass ion we believe to be N+ impurity ions resulting from the conditions under which the experiments were performed. If so, this impurity can easily be removed and much higher proton fractions could be expected. Preliminary measurements show the additive has no adverse effect on the emittance of the extracted beam, and source stability is greatly improved.
Subwavelength acoustic metamaterial with tunable acoustic absorption (2015)

We present numerical simulations and experimental measurements for ultrasonic transmission through a subwavelength metamaterial consisting of an array of hollow cylinders embedded in a soft elastic matrix. The mechanical properties of the matrix, the lattice constant, and the size of the cylinders are optimized in order to maximize sound absorption in the metamaterial while the cylinders are filled with air. The acoustic transmission is restored when the cylinders are filled with water. Our design expands the concept of metamaterial as it demonstrates the ability to tune the acoustic properties of a subwavelength material.
Broadband, Amplitude and Phase Compensating Transducers for Monolithic Convolvers (1980)

A pair of identical dispersive transducers provides a convenient means of introducing broadband signals into a SAW monolithic convolver. By means of a straightforward design technique it is possible to control the shape of the insertion lossversus-frequency function while maintaining zero dispersion for the transducer pair. This enables compensation of the frequency dependence of the SAW propagation loss and of the o utput circuit response in a convolver. Once this has been done, a small perturbation can be applied to the design of the transducers so that their phase transfer function now has a prescribed dispersion while their amplitude transfer function is essentially unchanged. The transducer dispersion is chosen to compensate for the known convolver phase errors which arise primarily from dispersive SAW propagation in the beam compressors and output electrodes. specific transducer design is given for use in a convolver having -100 MHz input bandwidth centered at 300 MHz. It is demonstrated that these transducers are sufficiently broadband that they do n ot perceptibly degrade the performance of a convolver in processing a typical spread-spectrum waveform of -100 MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, it is shown that this transducer design is capable of compensating a hypothetical phase error believed to be typical of broadband monolithic convolvers. As an example illustrating these techniques, a
High-resolution pulmonary arterio- and venography using multiple-bolus multiphase 3D-gd-mRA (1999)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate selective visualization of pulmonary arteries and veins with high spatial resolution for improved detection of vascular pathologies. Time-resolved pulmonary three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiograms (3D-Gd-MRA) were acquired with an ultrashort 3D fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence (TR/TE 2.3/0.9 msec) using asymmetric k-space sampling in readout, phase-encoding, and partition directions. In a single breath-hold four consecutive acquisitions were performed with a scan time of 6.28 seconds for each phase. A spatial resolution of 1.9 x 1.4 x 2 mm(3) could be achieved for a 12 cm thick 3D volume. To exploit the intrinsic enhancement kinetics of the pulmonary vascular system, the infusion of two gadolinium chelate boli was synchronized with the acquisition of the first and third data sets. This infusion strategy created two predominantly pulmonary arterial and venous data sets with the arterial and venous signal being maximally anti-correlated in time. A further separation of arterial and venous signal could be achieved by means of a correlation analysis. Eight patients with suspected thrombi in the pulmonary veins were studied. The calculated correlation angiographies provided high-quality pulmonary arterio- and venograms. Background signal was completely eliminated, allowing maximum intensity projection analysis of the full data set. In 7/8 patients no venous contamination of the arterial phase and vice versa was found. Patency of the pulmonary arteries and veins could be reliably assessed to the level of the segmental vessels. The combination of ultrafast multiphase 3D-Gd-MRA and dual-bolus injection with a correlation analysis of vascular signal provides high-resolution pulmonary arterio- and venograms. This imaging strategy initiates a new competitor to X-ray angiography.
Apparatus and method for feeding coal into a coal gasifier. [US DOE patent] (1979)

This invention is directed to a system for feeding coal into a gasifier operating at high pressures. A coal-water slurry is pumped to the desired pressure and then the coal is dried prior to feeding the coal into the gasifier by contacting the slurry with superheated steam in an entrained bed dryer for vaporizing the water in the slurry.
Implementation of a 16 Phase Digital Modulator in a 0.35 /spl mu/m Process (2006)

In this paper we present a custom IC design and experimental results for a hardware efficient 16 phase digital modulator implemented in a 0.35 mum process. The hardware efficient realization is achieved by time sharing the high resolution portion of the modulator hardware and a simple solution to track phase rotation. The modulator is designed for a duty cycle update rate at 16 times the single phase switching frequency to enable wide bandwidth multiphase converter operation. Two versions of the time shared high resolution portion of the IC are realized, including counter based and self tuning delay line based designs. Design details and experimental results are given to evaluate the two options and demonstrate performance of the IC
Developing whole mycobacteria cell vaccines for tuberculosis: Workshop proceedings, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany, July 9, 2014 (2015)

On July 9, 2014, Aeras and the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology convened a workshop entitled "Whole Mycobacteria Cell Vaccines for Tuberculosis" at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology on the grounds of the Charité Hospital in Berlin, Germany, close to the laboratory where, in 1882, Robert Koch first identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of the meeting was to discuss progress in the development of TB vaccines based on whole mycobacteria cells. Live whole cell TB vaccines discussed at this meeting were derived from Mtb itself, from Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against TB, which was genetically modified to reduce pathogenicity and increase immunogenicity, or from commensal non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Inactivated whole cell TB and non-tuberculous mycobacterial vaccines, intended as immunotherapy or as safer immunization alternatives for HIV+ individuals, also were discussed. Workshop participants agreed that TB vaccine development is significantly hampered by imperfect animal models, unknown immune correlates of protection and the absence of a human challenge model. Although a more effective TB vaccine is needed to replace or enhance the limited effectiveness of BCG in all age groups, members of the workshop concurred that an effective vaccine would have the greatest impact on TB control when administered to adolescents and adults, and that use of whole mycobacteria cells as TB vaccine candidates merits greater support, particularly given the limited understanding of the specific Mtb antigens necessary to generate an immune response capable of preventing Mtb infection and/or disease.