gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV Photogrammetry in producing the LoD3 of 3D high building model (2022)

Both Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) are important techniques for surveying and mapping. UAV equipment is commonly used to collect 2D or 3D data acquisition. Meanwhile, TLS equipment is used for obtaining only 3D data acquisition. However, if both are integrated, they were able to produce more accurate data. Multi-sensor data fusion helps overcome the limitations of a single sensor and enables a complete 3D model for the structure and better object classification. This study focuses on studying the combination of UAV and TLS technologies to collect, process data, and create the complete point cloud between two point clouds of the high building in Ha Long city, Quang Ninh province to establish a 3D model at LoD 3 detail level, with high accuracy. FARO FOCUS3D X130 and DJI Phantom 4 RTK equipments were used to acquire the data in the field. The aerial and ground data were processed using FARO SCENE 2019 and Agisoft PhotoScan software, respectively. The data integration process is done by converting both point clouds into the same coordinate system and then by aligning the same points of both points clouds in Cloud Compare. The result of this study is a 3D model at LoD 3 detail level of the high building based on the point cloud accuracy in centimeter level. The combined use of UAV and TLS technologies has proven to be possible to create a highly accurate 3D model, at the 1:500 scale of urban areas according to current standards.
Improved shortening algorithm for irregular QC-LDPC codes using known bits (2011)

Shortening is a technique to achieve rate and length adaptable low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes. Other than the puncturing and extending techniques, shortening aims to remove certain information columns, i.e., the columns standing for the known information bits, from a given parity check matrix. In this paper, we first review the recently suggested largest-extrinsic-sum (LES) algorithm which is especially designed for quasic-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes, and then propose a method based on smallest-row-variance priority (SRVP). Moreover, we obtain both theoretical analysis and simulation results of the codes in 802.11n and 802.16e standards, which shows that: 1) the proposed SRVP algorithm always achieves better Eb/No threshold than the existing LES algorithm and generally, the shortened codes outperform the original codes; 2) severe performance degradation occurs when too many information bits are shortened for low rate codes. The proposed algorithm as well as the corresponding performance evaluations is instructive to practical applications.
Perimeter and plug effects in deep sub-micron polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors (1990)

The scaling limits of nonplanar polysilicon emitters are studied by fabricating and measuring NPN transistors with emitter depths between 10 nm and 25 nm, with emitter widths down to 0.2 μm, and with an epitaxial base as narrow as 50 nm. Excellent device characteristics can be achieved for an emitter depth of 25 nm. Transistors with shallower emitters are degraded by an arsenic depletion at the emitter perimeter and by plugging of the polysilicon in very narrow emitters. The dopant depletion at the perimeter for wide and plugged emitters has been verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. Additional rapid thermal annealing (RTA) gives more uniform dopant distribution and a nondegraded transistor with a 0.2 μm-wide, 20 nm-deep poly emitter. It is thought desirable to scale down the emitter poly thickness, to reduce the emitter topography, or to use in situ doping in order to overcome the perimeter and plug effects in very narrow bipolar transistors
Far-red fluorescent probes for canonical and non-canonical nucleic acid structures: current progress and future implications (2017)

The structural diversity and functional relevance of nucleic acids (NAs), mainly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are indispensable for almost all living organisms, with minute aberrations in their structure and function becoming causative factors in numerous human diseases. The standard structures of NAs, termed canonical structures, are supported by Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding. Under special physiological conditions, NAs adopt distinct spatial organisations, giving rise to non-canonical conformations supported by hydrogen bonding other than the Watson-Crick type; such non-canonical structures have a definite function in controlling gene expression and are considered as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Development of molecular probes for these canonical and non-canonical DNA/RNA structures has been an active field of research. Among the numerous probes studied, probes with turn-on fluorescence in the far-red (600-750 nm) region are highly sought-after due to minimal autofluorescence and cellular damage. Far-red fluorescent probes are vital for real-time imaging of NAs in live cells as they provide good resolution and minimal perturbation of the cell under investigation. In this review, we present recent advances in the area of far-red fluorescent probes of DNA/RNA and non-canonical G-quadruplex structures. For the sake of continuity and completeness, we provide a brief overview of visible fluorescent probes. Utmost importance is given to design criteria, characteristic properties and biological applications, including in cellulo imaging, apart from critical discussion on limitations of the far-red fluorescent probes. Finally, we offer current and future prospects in targeting canonical and non-canonical NAs specific to cellular organelles, through sequence- and conformation-specific far-red fluorescent probes. We also cover their implications in chemical and molecular biology, with particular focus on decoding various disease mechanisms involving NAs.
Peanut Protein: Rich Source As Vegan Protein (2020)

Peanut is an important oilseed and defatted peanut flour is a byproduct of peanut oil milling industry with a rich source of protein. This protein can be concentrated as Peanut Protein Concentrate (PPC) and Peanut Protein Isolate (PPI) with around 80-85% and more than 90% protein, respectively.
Stacked Semantics-Guided Attention Model for Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Learning (2018)

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) is generally achieved via aligning the semantic relationships between the visual features and the corresponding class semantic descriptions. However, using the global features to represent fine-grained images may lead to sub-optimal results since they neglect the discriminative differences of local regions. Besides, different regions contain distinct discriminative information. The important regions should contribute more to the prediction. To this end, we propose a novel stacked semantics-guided attention (S2GA) model to obtain semantic relevant features by using individual class semantic features to progressively guide the visual features to generate an attention map for weighting the importance of different local regions. Feeding both the integrated visual features and the class semantic features into a multi-class classification architecture, the proposed framework can be trained end-to-end. Extensive experimental results on CUB and NABird datasets show that the proposed approach has a consistent improvement on both fine-grained zero-shot classification and retrieval tasks.
Case 1 (2013)

Abstract Case 1 is a 75-year-old man with chronic renal insufficiency presents with a mediastinal abnormality detected during workup of emphysema. It includes diagnosis, findings, differential diagnosis, teaching points, and management.
New Antiviral Cassane Furanoditerpenes from <i>Caesalpinia </i><i>m</i><i>inax</i> (2001)

A bioassay-guided study led to the isolation of five new cassane furanoditerpenes, designated as caesalmin C (1), D (2), E (3), F (4), and G (5), along with stigmasterol (6) from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were completely assigned by using a combination of 2D NMR analyses. The structures of all five furanoditerpenes were confirmed by X-ray analyses. The structure of 6 was verified by X-ray analysis for the first time. The bioassay results showed that the anti-Para3 virus activity of tetracyclic furanoditerpenoids 1-4 is more potent than that of the furanoditerpenoid lactone 5, which is in turn better than 6. As the major components of the plant possess significant potent activity, it may be feasible to develop new antiviral agents from this source.
Tumor Evasion of the Immune System: Inhibiting p38 MAP Kinase Signaling Restores the Function of Dendritic Cells. (2005)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) from cancer patients are functionally defective, however, molecular mechanisms underlying are still poorly understood. In this study, we used the murine 5TGM1 myeloma model to examine the effect and mechanism of tumor-derived factors on the differentiation and function of DCs. Myeloma cells (5TGM1) or tumor culture conditioning medium (TCCM) were shown to inhibit differentiation and function of BM-derived DCs (BMDCs), evidenced by the downregulated expression of DC-related surface molecules, decreased IL-12 but increased IL-10 secretion, and compromised capacity of the cells to activate allospecific T cells in vitro. Similar results were obtained with other murine myeloma cells MOPC-315 and MPC-11. Moreover, TCCM-treated BMDCs were inferior to normal BMDCs at priming tumor-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo (in the 5TGM1 mouse model). Neutralizing antibodies against IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β partially abrogated the effects. TCCM treatment activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and JNK but inhibited extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). Inhibiting p38 MAPK by three different specific inhibitors was found to restore the phenotype, cytokine secretion, and function of TCCM-treated BMDCs. Vaccinating mice with BMDCs obtained from cultures in which both TCCM and p38 inhibitor were added was as efficacious as normal BMDCs at inducing tumor-specific antibody, type-1 (IFN-γ) T-cell, and CTL responses. Thus, our results suggest that tumor-induced p38 MAPK activation and ERK inhibition in DCs may be a new mechanism for tumor evasion, and regulating these signaling pathways in vivo or during DC differentiation may provide new strategies for generating potent DC vaccines for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma and other tumors.
A Stress-Inducible Gene for 9-cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Involved in Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis under Water Stress in Drought-Tolerant Cowpea (2000)

Four cDNA clones named CPRD (cowpea responsive to dehydration) corresponding to genes that are responsive to dehydration were isolated using differential screening of a cDNA library prepared from 10-h dehydrated drought-tolerant cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plants. One of the cDNA clones has a homology to 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (named VuNCED1), which is supposed to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. The GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fused protein indicates a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase activity, which catalyzes the cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid. The N-terminal region of the VuNCED1 protein directed the fused sGFP (synthetic green-fluorescent protein) into the plastids of the protoplasts, indicating that the N-terminal sequence acts as a transit peptide. Both the accumulation of ABA and expression of VuNCED1 were strongly induced by drought stress in the 8-d-old cowpea plant, whereas drought stress did not trigger the expression of VuABA1 (accession no. AB030295) gene that encodes zeaxanthin epoxidase. These results indicate that the VuNCED1 cDNA encodes a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase and that its product has a key role in the synthesis of ABA under drought stress.
Ubiquitous and contextual identifier resolution for the real-world wide web (2001)

Identifier resolution is presented as a way to link the physical world with virtual applications and services. In this paradigm, designed to support nomadic users, the user employs a handheld, wirelessly connected, sensor-equipped device to read identifiers associated with physical entities. The identifiers are resolved into virtual resources or actions related to the physical entities. We have integrated identifier resolution with the Web so that it can be deployed as ubiquitously as the Web, in the infrastructure and on wirelessly connected handheld devices. We present a new way for users to specify relevant contextual parameters by a combination of sensing and navigation on the Web. In particular, they capture resolution services and applications in their local context. We use the Web to invoke resolution services, with a new model of `physical&apos; web form-filling. We propose a new scheme for binding identifiers to resources, to promote services and applications linking the physical and virtual worlds.
Small <scp>RNA</scp> and degradome profiling reveals a role for mi<scp>RNA</scp>s and their targets in the developing fibers of <i><scp>G</scp>ossypium barbadense</i> (2014)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-24 nucleotide non-coding small RNAs that play important roles in plant development. The stages of cotton fiber development include initiation, elongation, secondary wall thickening (SWT) and maturation. We constructed seven fiber RNA libraries representing the initiation, elongation and SWT stages. In total, 47 conserved miRNA families and seven candidate miRNAs were profiled using small RNA sequencing. Northern blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed the dynamic expression of miRNAs during fiber development. In addition, 140 targets of 30 conserved miRNAs and 38 targets of five candidate miRNAs were identified through degradome sequencing. Analysis of correlated expression between miRNAs and their targets demonstrated that specific miRNAs suppressed the expression of transcription factors, SBP and MYB, a leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, a pectate lyase, α-tubulin, a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 to affect fiber development. Histochemical analyses detected the biological activity of miRNA156/157 in ovule and fiber development. Suppressing miRNA156/157 function resulted in the reduction of mature fiber length, illustrating that miRNA156/157 plays an essential role in fiber elongation.
REGULATION OF BMP-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION IN CULTURED HUMAN BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS (2003)

Most human femur bone marrow stromal cell samples appear incapable of expressing elevated alkaline phosphatase levels in response to BMPs. Since BMP treatment induced expression of several other BMP-regulated genes, the defect in alkaline phosphatase induction is presumably not due to impaired BMP signaling. We hypothesize that the mechanism by which BMPs modulate alkaline phosphatase expression is indirect, involving a BMP-regulated transcription factor for alkaline phosphatase expression that is controlled differently in humans and rodents.
Effect of Catalytic Activity on the Metallic Nanoparticle Size Distribution:  Electron-Transfer Reaction between Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>and Thiosulfate Ions Catalyzed by PVP−Platinum Nanoparticles (2003)

The electron-transfer reaction between hexacyanoferrate(III) ions and thiosulfate ions is known to be catalyzed by platinum nanoparticles. In the present study, the stability and catalytic activity of the PVP−Pt nanoparticle during its catalytic function for this electron-transfer reaction is studied. The stability of the nanoparticles after various perturbations was assessed using TEM, and the kinetics of the reaction was followed using absorption spectroscopy. The studies were conducted on four different concentrations of PVP−Pt nanoparticles. It was found that the average size and width of the PVP−Pt nanoparticles decrease slightly after the first and second cycles of the electron-transfer reaction. The size and size distribution width do not change in the presence of only the thiosulfate reactant, whereas the presence of only the hexacyanoferrate reactant results in a reduction of the nanoparticle size. The reduction in the nanoparticle size in the presence of hexacyanoferrate(III) ions is proposed to result from the dissolution of surface Pt atoms through complexation with the strong cyanide ligand. Thiosulfate ions bind to the nanoparticle surface and act as a capping material, resulting in the stability of the nanoparticles. Judging from these observations, it is possible that the mechanism of this catalytic reaction involves the thiosulfate ions binding to the free sites on the surface of the nanoparticles, followed by reaction with hexacyanoferrate ions approaching the nanoparticle surface from the solution. Conducting the reaction with the nanoparticles preexposed to thiosulfate results in very little change in the centers and widths of the size distributions of the nanoparticles, thus suggesting that thiosulfate ions bind to the nanoparticle surface and inhibit desorption of Pt atoms by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions. The kinetics of the electron-transfer reaction during the first and second cycles is similar. The activation energy of the nanoparticle catalytic reaction is found to decrease linearly with increasing nanoparticle concentration during both the first and second cycles. If increasing the nanoparticle concentration leads to more aggregation, then these results suggest that the aggregated Pt has greater catalytic activity than the individual nanoparticles.
Synergistic and Catalytic Effects in Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials— An Overview (1999)

Synergistic and antagonistic effects of two or more additives are often encountered in flame retardancy of polymeric materials. Halo gen-antimony synergism is the best known. Evidence for bromine-ammonium, bromine-chlorine and bromine-phosphorus synergisms has been observed in some systems. Useful phosphorus-nitrogen synergism has frequently been ob served and has been studied in detail, with the result that various postulates can explain the effect. Combinations of phosphorus compounds are sometimes syner gistic and various combinations of phosphorus with intumescent char-forming agents are often highly efficacious as flame retardants.
Acoustic method for levitation of small living animals (2006)

Ultrasonic levitation of some small living animals such as ant, ladybug, and young fish has been achieved with a single-axis acoustic levitator. The vitality of ant and ladybug is not evidently influenced during the acoustic levitation, whereas that of the young fish is reduced because of the inadequacy of water supply. Numerical analysis shows that the sound pressures on the ladybug’s surface almost reach the incident pressure amplitude p0 due to sound scattering. It is estimated that 99.98% of the acoustic energy is reflected away from the ladybug. The acoustic radiation pressure pa on the ladybug’s surface is only 1%–3% of p0, which plays a compression role on the central region and a suction role on the peripheral region.
The effect of moderators on the salesperson behavior performance and salesperson outcome performance and sales organization effectiveness relationships (2002)

Salesperson behavior performance is conceptualized as a predictor of outcome performance and sales organization effectiveness. The research considers the effects of salesperson capabilities, industrial/consumer products, and industry growth moderators on salesperson performance and sales organization effectiveness relationships. Empirical analyses are conducted using data from a sample of 174 field sales managers in Austrian sales organizations. The results of moderator regression analyses indicate that salesperson capabilities, product type, and industry growth are relevant moderators. The roles of the moderators vary across the relationships analyzed. Several management and research implications are examined.
Vertically oriented carbon nanofiber based nanoelectromechanical switch (2006)

We present a proof-of-principle study of a vertically aligned carbon nanofiber switch and study relevant parameters via a model for a static switch. Vertically aligned freestanding carbon nanofibers are produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and their deflection under applied voltage is measured using an optical microscope. The deflection is compared with a static force balance model, which successfully predicts the switching behavior assuming a nanofiber modulus of 40 GPa, which is consistent with independent modulus measurements made in our laboratory. The model is then extended to explore constraints for implementing a vertically aligned nanotube switch into present CMOS process flow. Carbon nanofibers of less than 40 nm in diameter, which may be grown by current PECVD technology, are shown to be acceptable for device integration for current and future CMOS scaling. To accommodate varying tube sizes and architectures, a basic scaling relationship is developed to relate CMOS via parameters and nanofiber characteristics to programming voltage
Raising the fuel heating value and recovering exhaust heat by on-board oxidative reforming of bioethanol (2010)

Several reactions can contribute to the overall process of exhaust gas reforming, during which some of the engine fuel is catalytically converted mainly to H2 and CO. If the predominant reactions are endothermic, the process acts as a means of exhaust-heat recovery, and the fuel heating value is raised. When using conventional gasoline or diesel fuel, the reforming catalyst is required to promote steam- and dry-reforming, at the expense of the exothermic reactions—water gas shift, methanation, partial oxidation and combustion. In this study we show that a precious metal formulation is capable of catalysing most of the key reforming routes with the exception of the water gas shift reaction, under the set of conditions that we have used to simulate an exhaust from a bioethanol-fuelled spark ignition engine. Our results predict that the overall process of exhaust gas reforming of C2H5OH will be oxidative, and yet waste heat will be consumed. The expected increase in fuel heating value is 6%, but can rise towards 20% if there is less O2 available in the exhaust, allowing more of the bioethanol to react by steam- and dry-reforming in the catalyst bed. By feeding the reformate back to the engine, the intention is to improve the fuel economy and emission quality.