gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of azeotropic mixtures using hyperbranched polymers or ionic liquids (2004)

Abstract In this work the suitability of selected commercially available hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids as entrainers for the extractive distillation and as extraction solvents for the liquid–liquid extraction is investigated. Based on thermodynamic studies on the influence of hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids on the vapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibrium of the azeotropic ethanol–water and THF–water systems, process simulations are carried out, which allow evaluating the potential of hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids as selective components for the mentioned applications in terms of feasibility and energetic efficiency. Both hyperbranched polymers and ionic liquids break a variety of azeotropic systems. Since their selectivity, capacity, viscosity, and thermal stability can be customized, they appear superior to many conventional entrainers and extraction solvents. For the ethanol–water separation, the nonvolatile substances hyperbranched polyglycerol and [EMIM] + [BF 4 ] − show a remarkable entrainer performance and therefore enable extractive distillation processes, which require less energy than the conventional process using 1,2‐ethanediol as an entrainer. Evaluation of a new THF–water separation process indicates the competitiveness of the suggested process and a considerable potential of using hyperbranched polymers as extraction solvents. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 50: 2439–2454, 2004
Charge-sensitive preamplifier for integration on silicon radiation detectors: first experimental results (1989)

The first implementation of a charge-sensitive preamplifier integrated on a fully depleted, high-resistivity silicon wafer and first results about its performance are reported. The preamplifier is based on a new type of implanted n-channel JFET, and it is implemented by the same process as for fully depleted silicon radiation detectors.
Wideband resonant polarizers made with ultra-sparse dielectric nanowire grids (2015)

Polarizers are essential in diverse photonics applications including display [1], microscopy [2], polarimetric astrophysical observation [3], laser machining [4], and quantum information processing [5]. Whereas conventional polarizers based on natural crystals and multilayer thin films are commonplace, nanostructured polarizers offer compact integrability [6,7], thermal stability in high-power systems [4,8], and space-variant vector beam generation [9,10]. Here, we introduce a new class of reflectors and polarizers fashioned with dielectric nanowire grids that are mostly empty space. It is fundamentally extremely significant that the wideband spectral expressions presented can be generated in these minimal systems. We provide computed results predicting high reflection and attendant polarization extinction in multiple spectral regions. Experimental results with Si nanowire arrays show ~200-nm-wide band of total reflection for one polarization state and free transmission for the orthogonal state. These results agree quantitatively with theoretical predictions.
Soluble β-amyloid induces Alzheimer's disease features in human fibroblasts and in neuronal tissues (1996)

It has been shown that K+ channels, Cp20 (a 20kD GTP-binding protein), and intracellular calcium release, play a key role in associative memory storage. These same elements have been shown to be altered in fibroblasts from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients. In addition, it has been shown that PKC, also implicated in memory storage and closely related to the above mentioned components, is also altered in AD fibroblasts. Moreover, beta-amyloid was capable of inducing an AD-like phenotype for K+ channels and Cp20 in otherwise normal fibroblasts, providing additional evidence for the potential involvement of these components in AD and suggesting a possible pathological consequence of soluble beta-amyloid elevation in AD. Preliminary evidence shows that comparable changes in potassium channel function are also present in human olfactory neuroblasts from AD patients. These results indicate that the observed changes not only occur in peripheral tissues such as fibroblasts, but also in neural tissue, the primary site of AD pathology.
Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxoid vaccine for prevention of liver abscesses (1998)

The efficacy of Fusobacterium necrophorum crude leukotoxoid vaccine to immunize and protect steers against experimentally induced liver abscesses was evaluated. The vaccine consisted of cell-free culture supernatant of a high leukotoxin-producing strain of F. necrophorum, inactivated with formalin and homogenized with an oil emulsion adjuvant. Vaccine was injected subcutaneously on days 0 and 21. Blood samples were collected weekly to monitor immune response. Three weeks after the second vaccination, steers were injected intraportally with F. necrophorum culture to induce liver abscesses. Three weeks later (day 63), steers were euthanatized and necropsied; livers were examined, and protection was assessed. Anti-leukotoxin antibody titers in the control steers generally did not differ from the baseline (week 0) titers. The titers in the vaccinated groups increased, more so after the second injection, and the increase was generally dose dependent. At necropsy, all steers in the control group had liver abscesses. In the vaccinated groups, two out of five steers in the 1.0 ml group and one each in the 2.0, 5.0, and 2.25 ml (concentrated) groups had liver abscesses. The difference suggests a protective effect of antileukotoxin antibodies against experimentally induced liver abscesses.
Joint IP/optical layer restoration after a router failure (2002)

The optical layer can provide for an Internet protocol (IP) client a rapid, efficient restoration after a link failure; however its inability to protect against router failure erodes its attractiveness. Here, we propose a joint IP/optical restoration mechanism addressing this problem.
An integrated RF balanced-filter with enhanced rejection characteristics (2005)

In this paper, a new and simple 2.4-GHz third-order integrated RF balanced-filter for LTCC-based applications is proposed. This device is derived from the basic center-tapped transformer circuit and works as a balun as well as a bandpass filter at the same time. According to the center-tapped transformer representation, three coupled resonant tanks are used to perform the balun-type operation. Thus, with only minor modifications, a balun having specific bandpass filtering characteristics can be designed by the use of traditional coupled-resonator filter theory. In our case, a third-order Chebyshev filtering balun is designed and implemented. Furthermore, a transmission zero at 1.9-GHz is introduced to its transmission response by means of the extracted-pole technique. Experimental measurements show good agreement with computer simulations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Green Ir(III) Complexes with High Current Efficiency and Very Low Efficiency Roll‐Off (2018)

Abstract Three new highly efficient green‐emitting heteroleptic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are designed and synthesized for the fabrication of solution‐processable phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Their photophysical, thermal, and electroluminescent (EL) properties are systematically investigated. The Ir(III) complexes comprise an amide‐bridged trifluoromethyl (CF 3 )‐substituted phenylpyridine unit as the main ligand and picolinic acid (pic) and tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate (tpip) as ancillary ligands. In addition, the 2‐ethoxyethnol (EO 2 ) solubilizing group is attached to the 4‐position of pic ancillary ligand via tandem reaction, which improved the absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and EL performance. The high‐performance solution‐processable PHOLEDs based on the bis[5‐methyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5 H ‐benzo(c)(1,5)naphthyridin‐6‐one](4‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy picolinate) iridium(III) (Ir1) complex exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.22% and a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 92.44 cd A −1 , with the latter being among the best reported CEs achieved though solution processing. In contrast, PHOLEDs with the bis[5‐hexyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl‐5 H ‐benzo(c)(1,5)naphthyridin‐6‐one] (tetraphenylimidodiphosphinato)iridium (Ir3) complex show extremely low efficiency roll‐off, with an EQE max of 19.40% and an EQE of 19.29% at 10 000 cd m −2 .
Increased thermoelectric system thermodynamic efficiency by use of convective heat transport (2003)

The thermodynamic efficiencies of thermoelectric systems are shown to increase in geometries where convective heat transport can be used to effectively reduce internal heat conduction losses within the thermoelectric elements themselves. For the case of one-dimensional, temperature-independent material properties, exact analytic solutions are given. Equations for maximum COP and cooling power are presented, as are equations for maximum COP in heating and maximum efficiency and power output for power generation. Comparisons with standard thermoelectric show efficiency gains of 20% to 50% for important cooling applications. In heating, 40% to 80% gains are shown to be attainable. Power generation benefits and efficiency gains are described. Methods of achieving convective transport are discussed briefly, as are applications to air conditioning, heating and temperature control.
Validation of cine phase‐contrast MR imaging for motion analysis (1995)

The accuracy of cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for motion analysis was evaluated. By using a rotating phantom and postprocessing algorithm for phase tracking, errors arising during data acquisition were identified and compensation methods were developed. A spatially varying background phase offset in the velocity images was found to be due to eddy current-induced fields. The magnitude of the offset was in the range of 0-20 cm/sec, which is of the same order of magnitude as cardiac contractile velocities. Background offset is thus an important source of error in tracking cardiac motion. Study of different tracking algorithms revealed the need for an integration scheme using motion terms higher than velocity. Also, considerable improvement in the accuracy and stability of the predicted trajectories was obtained by averaging the trajectories proceeding both forward and backward in time from the starting point. With the algorithm developed, the motion of the phantom was tracked through a complete rotation of the phantom to an accuracy of 2 pixels.
Quarter Cycle Modulation of a Minimally Actuated Biomimetic Vehicle (2014)

This paper describes a technique, called quarter cycle constant-period frequency modulation, to control the motion of wings on a flapping wing micro air vehicle. This technique allows control over the wingbeat period and three additional points within a single wingbeat cycle, allowing modulation of the wing’s velocity to provide control over multiple degrees-of-freedom of the vehicle. Using a blade element based aerodynamic model, both instantaneous and cycle averaged forces and moments are analytically computed for a specific type of wing beat motion that enables nearly decoupled, multiple degrees-of-freedom control of the aircraft. The wing positions are controlled using oscillators whose frequencies change once per wing beat cycle. A control oriented dynamic model of the vehicle is derived, which is based on a cycle averaged representation of the forces and moments. Control derivatives are calculated and a cycle-averaged control law is designed that provides control over multiple degrees-of-freedom of the vehicle.
Overexpression of O‐polysaccharide chain length regulators in Gram‐negative bacteria using the Wzx‐/Wzy‐dependent pathway enhances production of defined modal length O‐polysaccharide polymers for use as haptens in glycoconjugate vaccines (2018)

The methods presented herein represent a cost-effective and improved strategy for isolating preferred OPS vaccine haptens, and could facilitate the further use of O-polysaccharides in glycoconjugate vaccine development.
BPG3 is a novel chloroplast protein that involves the greening of leaves and related to brassinosteroid signaling (2014)

Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones that regulate plant organs and chloroplast development. The detailed molecular mechanism for plant development by BR signaling is yet to be revealed, and many points regarding the relationship between BR signaling and chloroplast development remain unknown. We identify here the dominant mutant Brz-insensitive-pale green3-1D (bpg3-1D) from the Arabidopsis FOX lines that show reduced sensitivity to the chlorophyll accumulation promoted by the BR biosynthesis inhibitor, Brassinazole (Brz), in the light. BPG3 encodes a novel chloroplast protein that is evolutionally conserved in bacteria, algae, and higher plants. The expression of BPG3 was induced by light and Brz. The inhibition of electron transport in photosystem II of the chloroplasts was detected in bpg3-1D. These results suggest that BPG3 played an important role in regulating photosynthesis in the chloroplast under BR signaling.
Intelligent differential pressure transmitter with multiple sensor formed on a (1991)

A multiple piezoresistive gauge sensor was developed for application to intelligent differential pressure transmitters. The sensor can measure differential pressure, static pressure, and temperature. Three piezoresistive gauges are positioned on a
Activation of Vitamin D3 in Bovine Mastitis Caused by Streptococcus uberis (2009)

Inflamed mammary tissue of three cows infected with <em>Streptococcus uberis</em> was found to have higher concentrations of 1α-hydroxylase than un-inflamed control mammary glands. Increased levels of 1α−hydroxylase resulted in increased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Therefore, vitamin D3 may have a role in the inflammation and resolution of bovine mastitis.
Noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens, ex vivo (2009)

Male sterilization (vasectomy) is more successful, safer, less expensive, and easier to perform than female sterilization (tubal ligation). However, female sterilization is more popular, due to male fear of vasectomy complications (e.g. incision, bleeding, infection, and scrotal pain). The development of a completely noninvasive vasectomy technique may allay some of these concerns. Ytterbium fiber laser radiation with a wavelength of 1075 nm, average power of 11.7 W, 1-s pulse duration, 0.5 Hz pulse rate, and 3-mm-diameter spot was synchronized with cryogen cooling of the scrotal skin surface in canine tissue for a treatment time of 60 s. Vas thermal lesion dimensions measured 2.0 ± 0.3 mm diameter by 3.0 ± 0.9 mm length, without skin damage. The coagulated vas bursting pressure measured 295 ± 72 mm Hg, significantly higher than typical vas ejaculation pressures of 136 + 29 mm Hg. Noninvasive thermal coagulation and occlusion of the vas is feasible.
<p>Usefulness of a Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Response Test to Demonstrate Rapid Onset Analgesia with Phenytoin 10% Cream in Polyneuropathy</p> (2020)

A DOBRET is easy to perform, quickly identifies an analgesic effect in responders and could be a useful tool to personalize neuropathic pain treatment with topical formulations.
Investigation of the In Vitro and In Vivo efficiency of RM-532-105, a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitor, in LAPC-4 prostate cancer cell and tumor models (2017)

In the fight against androgen-sensitive prostate cancer, the enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3) is an attractive therapeutic target considering its key role in the formation of androgenic steroids. In this study, we attempted to assess the in vivo efficacy of the compound RM-532-105, an androsterone derivative developed as an inhibitor of 17β-HSD3, in the prostate cancer model of androgen-sensitive LAPC-4 cells xenografted in nude mice. RM-532-105 did not inhibit the tumor growth induced by 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione); rather, the levels of the androgens testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased within the tumors. In plasma, however, DHT levels increased but T levels did not. In troubleshooting experiments, the non-androgenic potential of RM-532-105 was confirmed by two different assays (LAPC-4 proliferation and androgen receptor transcriptional activity assays). The enzyme 5α-reductase was also revealed to be the predominant enzyme metabolizing 4-dione in LAPC-4 cells, yielding 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and not T. Other 17β-HSDs than 17β-HSD3 seem responsible in the androgen synthesis. From experiments with LAPC-4 cells, we fortuitously came across the interesting finding that 17β-HSD3 inhibitor RM-532-105 is concentrated inside tumors.
Predictions and measurements of scattering and absorption over broad wavelength ranges in tissue phantoms (1997)

Predictions from Mie theory regarding the wavelength dependence of scattering in tissue from the near UV to the near IR are discussed and compared with experiments on tissue phantoms. For large fiber separations it is shown that rapid, simultaneous measurements of the elastic scatter signal for several fiber separations can yield the absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient. With this information, the size of the scattering particles can be estimated, and this is done for Intralipid. Measurements made at smaller source detector separations support Mie theory calculations, demonstrating that the sensitivity of elastic scatter measurements to morphological features, such as scatterer size, is enhanced when the distance between the source and detector fibers is small.
3D stacking of high-performance processors (2014)

In most 3D work to date, people have looked at two situations: 1) a case in which power density is not a problem, and the parts of a processor and/or entire processors can be stacked atop each other, and 2) a case in which power density is limited, and storage is stacked atop processors. In this paper, we consider the case in which power density is a limitation, yet we stack processors atop processors. We also will discuss some of the physical limitations today that render many of the good ideas presented in other work impractical, and what would be required in the technology to make them feasible. In the high-performance regime, circuits are not designed to be “power efficient;” they're designed to be fast. In power-efficient design, the speed and power of a processor should be nearly proportional. In the high-performance regime, the frequency is (ever progressingly) sublinear in power. Thus, when the power density is constrained - as it is in high-performance machines, there may be opportunities to selectively exploit parallelism in workloads by running processor-on-processor systems at the same power, yet at much greater than half speed.
The Plasmid Complement of Lactococcus lactis UC509.9 Encodes Multiple Bacteriophage Resistance Systems (2014)

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains are used globally for the production of fermented dairy products, particularly hard cheeses. Believed to be of plant origin, L. lactis strains that are used as starter cultures have undergone extensive adaptation to the dairy environment, partially through the acquisition of extrachromosomal DNA in the form of plasmids that specify technologically important phenotypic traits. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the eight plasmids of L. lactis UC509.9, an Irish dairy starter strain. Key industrial phenotypes were mapped, and genes that are typically associated with lactococcal plasmids were identified. Four distinct, plasmid-borne bacteriophage resistance systems were identified, including two abortive infection systems, AbiB and AbiD1, thereby supporting the observed phage resistance of L. lactis UC509.9. AbiB escape mutants were generated for phage sk1, which were found to carry mutations in orf6, which encodes the major capsid protein of this phage.
Pulsed voltage multiplier based on printed organic devices (2015)

To enable the integration of components with different supply voltage requirements, and to optimize power consumption in printed flexible electronics, we demonstrate an inkjet-printed pulsed voltage multiplier that boosts the voltage at specific circuit nodes above the supply voltage. A five-stage pulsed voltage multiplier is shown to provide an output voltage up to 18 V from a supply voltage of 10 V, with minimum 10 ms pulse rise time for a 70 pF load. This circuit allows a single power source to deliver multiple voltage levels and enables integration of low-voltage logic with components that require higher operating voltage. A key requirement for the pulsed voltage multiplier circuit is low device leakage to boost the output voltage level. To this end, the composition of the transistor semiconducting layer is modified by blending an insulating polymer with the small molecule semiconductor. This modification allows control over the transistor turn-on voltage, which enables low leakage current required for operation of the circuit.
Luneburg Lens for Wide-Angle Chip-Scale Optical Beam Steering (2019)

We present a design for a planar generalized Luneburg lens for use in a chip-scale optical beam steering device. The device has a theoretical in-plane field of view of 160° with no off-axis aberrations. © 2019 The Author(s)
Stochastic Route Planning in Public Transport (2017)

Journey planning is a key process in public transport, where travelers get informed how to make the best use of a given public transport system for their individual travel needs. A common trait of most available journey planners is that they assume deterministic travel times, but vehicles in public transport often deviate from their schedule. The present paper investigates the problem of finding journey plans in a stochastic environment. To fully exploit the flexibility inherent in multi-service public transport systems, we propose to use the concept of a routing policy instead of a linear journey plan. A policy is a state-dependent routing advice which specifies a set of services at each location from which the traveler is recommended to take the one that arrives first. We consider current time dependent policies, that is, when the routing advice at a given location is based solely on the current time. We propose two heuristic solutions that find routing policies that perform better than deterministic journey plans. A numerical comparison shows the achievable gains when applying the different heuristic policies based on extensive simulations on the public transport network of Budapest. The results show that the probability of arriving on time to a given destination can be significantly improved by following a policy instead of a linear travel plan.