gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the stress of steel members using the ultrasonic phase spectrum (2022)

The stress state of steel members is an important indicator in evaluating structural safety. The ultrasonic time-of-flight method of measuring the stress of steel members based on acoustoelastic theory has been fully developed. However, the time difference is hard to be measured. The present paper proposes a new method of measuring the uniaxial stress of steel members using the phase spectrum of the ultrasonic transverse wave. The effect of interference of the two wave components generated by shear-wave birefringence under uniaxial stress is investigated. It is found that the derivative curve of the phase spectrum of the pulse-echo comprising the two wave components reaches a maximum periodically, and the frequency corresponding to the maxima is sensitive to stress and relatively easy to be measured. On this basis, a theoretical formula for the measurement of the uniaxial stress of steel members based on the phase spectrum is derived. Results of calibration tests show a good linear relationship between the stress and the reciprocal of the first response frequency corresponding to the maximum of the derivative curve of the phase spectrum. The uniaxial stress can then be measured by obtaining the first response frequency of the phase spectrum of the in-service structural steel member. In addition, the effects of the thickness of steel members and the sampling rate of the oscilloscope on the uniaxial stress measurement are investigated. The present paper also illustrates the correspondence between the amplitude spectrum method and phase spectrum method.
Techniques to enhance GNSS signal acquisition and tracking sensitivity (2013)

Enhancing GNSS acquisition and tracking sensitivity is critical to improving the GNSS user experience in indoor situations. This paper describes various techniques to enhance GNSS signal acquisition and tracking sensitivity and increasing the robustness and availability of position fixes. Specifically, a technique called Staggered Coherent Integration is proposed which enables up to 1 dB improvement in sensitivity compared to conventional techniques. Also discussed are challenges in tracking the weak signals seen in indoor conditions and techniques to improve sustained tracking under these conditions. Analysis and simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques described.
An electromagnetic/electrostatic dual cathode system for electron beam instruments (1986)

A method of providing cathode redundancy which consists of two fixed cathodes and uses electromagnetic and/or electrostatic fields to direct the electron beam to the electron optical axis is presented, with application to the cathode system of the Scanning Electron Microscope and Particle Analyzer proposed for NASA's Mariner Mark II Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby projected for the 1990s. The symmetric double deflection system chosen has the optical property that the image of the effective electron source is formed above the magnet assembly near the apparent position of the effective source, and it makes the transverse positions of the electron sources independent of the electron beam energy. Good performance of the system is found, with the sample imaging resolution being the same as for the single-axis cathode.
Lamprey GnRH-III Acts on Its Putative Receptor via Nitric Oxide to Release Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Specifically (2002)

Lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (l-GnRH-III), the putative follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-releasing factor (FSHRF), exerts a preferential FSH-releasing activity in rats both in vitro and in vivo. To test the hypothesis that l-GnRH-III acts on its own receptors to stimulate gonadotropin release, the functional activity of this peptide at mammalian (m) leutinizing hormone (LH)RH receptors transfected to COS cells was tested. l-GnRH-III activated m-LHRH receptors only at a minimal effective concentration (MEC) of 10(-6) M, whereas m-LHRH was active at a MEC of 10(-9) M, at least 1,000 times less than that required for l-GnRH-III. In 4-day monolayer cultured cells, l-GnRH-III was similarly extremely weak in releasing either LH or FSH, and, in fact, it released LH at a lower concentration (10(-7) M) than that required for FSH release (10(-6) M). In this assay, m-LHRH released both FSH and LH significantly at the lowest concentration tested (10(-10) M). On the other hand, l-GnRH-III had a high potency to selectively release FSH and not LH from hemipituitaries of male rats. The results suggest that the cultured cells were devoid of FSHRF receptors, thereby resulting in a pattern of FSH and LH release caused by the LHRH receptor. On the other hand, the putative FSH-releasing factor receptor accounts for the selective FSH release by l-GnRH-III when tested on hemipituitaries. Removal of calcium from the medium plus the addition of EGTA, a calcium chelator, suppressed the release of gonadotropins induced by either l-GnRH-III or LHRH, indicating that calcium is required for the action of either peptide. Previous results showed that sodium nitroprusside, a releaser of nitric oxide (NO), causes the release of both FSH and LH from hemipituitaries incubated in vitro. In the present experiments, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase, L-NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (300 micro M) blocked the action of l-GnRH-III or partially purified FSHRF. The results indicate that l-GnRH-III and FSHRF act on putative FSHRF receptors by a calcium-dependent NO pathway.
A Novel Human Detection Scheme using a Human Characteristics Function in a Low Resolution 2D LIDAR (2016)

Human detection technologies are widely used in smart homes and autonomous vehicles. However, in order to detect human, autonomous vehicle researchers have used a high-resolution LIDAR and smart home researchers have applied a camera with a narrow detection range. In this paper, we propose a novel method using a low-cost and low-resolution LIDAR that can detect human fast and precisely without complex learning algorithm and additional devices. In other words, human can be distinguished from objects by using a new human characteristics function which is empirically extracted from the characteristics of a human. In addition, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through a number of experiments.
Fourier transform digital holographic adaptive optics imaging system (2012)

A Fourier transform digital holographic adaptive optics imaging system and its basic principles are proposed. The CCD is put at the exact Fourier transform plane of the pupil of the eye lens. The spherical curvature introduced by the optics except the eye lens itself is eliminated. The CCD is also at image plane of the target. The point-spread function of the system is directly recorded, making it easier to determine the correct guide-star hologram. Also, the light signal will be stronger at the CCD, especially for phase-aberration sensing. Numerical propagation is avoided. The sensor aperture has nothing to do with the resolution and the possibility of using low coherence or incoherent illumination is opened. The system becomes more efficient and flexible. Although it is intended for ophthalmic use, it also shows potential application in microscopy. The robustness and feasibility of this compact system are demonstrated by simulations and experiments using scattering objects.
Four-Dimensional Printing Hierarchy Scaffolds with Highly Biocompatible Smart Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications (2016)

The objective of this study was to four-dimensional (4D) print novel biomimetic gradient tissue scaffolds with highly biocompatible naturally derived smart polymers. The term "4D printing" refers to the inherent smart shape transformation of fabricated constructs when implanted minimally invasively for seamless and dynamic integration. For this purpose, a series of novel shape memory polymers with excellent biocompatibility and tunable shape changing effects were synthesized and cured in the presence of three-dimensional printed sacrificial molds, which were subsequently dissolved to create controllable and graded porosity within the scaffold. Surface morphology, thermal, mechanical, and biocompatible properties as well as shape memory effects of the synthesized smart polymers and resultant porous scaffolds were characterized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel content analysis confirmed the formation of chemical crosslinking by reacting polycaprolactone triol and castor oil with multi-isocyanate groups. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an adjustable glass transition temperature in a range from -8°C to 35°C. Uniaxial compression testing indicated that the obtained polymers, possessing a highly crosslinked interpenetrating polymeric networks, have similar compressive modulus to polycaprolactone. Shape memory tests revealed that the smart polymers display finely tunable recovery speed and exhibit greater than 92% shape fixing at -18°C or 0°C and full shape recovery at physiological temperature. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fabricated scaffolds revealed a graded microporous structure, which mimics the nonuniform distribution of porosity found within natural tissues. With polycaprolactone serving as a control, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation greatly increased on our novel smart polymers. The current work will significantly advance the future design and development of novel and functional biomedical scaffolds with advanced 4D printing technology and highly biocompatible smart biomaterials.
Gain-peak-wavelength measurements using a polarization-scrambled fiber-loop configuration (1994)

Design of optical communication systems based on concatenated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) requires a good understanding of concatenated effects. For example, the gain- peak wavelength (GPW), determined by the autofiltering function of concatenated amplifiers,1-3 should be close to the minimum-dispersion wavelength of the fiber spans when the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format is used. For long undersea systems the operating-signal wavelength window created by as many as a few hundred amplifiers will be very narrow. It then becomes critical to measure and control this GPW.
An ultrafast Geiger-mode single-photon avalanche diode in 0.18-μm CMOS technology (2006)

We demonstrate a new single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) device, which utilizes the silicon-dioxide shallow-trench isolation (STI) structure common to all deep-submicron CMOS technologies, both for junction planarization and as an area-efficient guard-ring. This makes it possible to achieve an order-of-magnitude improvement in fill factor and a significant reduction in pixel area compared with existing CMOS SPADs, and results in improved SPAD performance. We present numerical simulations as well preliminary experimental results from a test chip, which was manufactured in an IBM 0.18 μm CMOS technology, and which incorporates the devices. With these new and efficient structures, 12 μm-pitch pixels with sub-10ns dead times are achievable without requiring active recharge, creating the opportunity to integrate large arrays of these ultra-fast SPADs for use in biological imaging systems.
Mapping the landscape of histomorphological cancer phenotypes using self-supervised learning on unlabeled, unannotated pathology slides (2022)

Definitive cancer diagnosis and management depend upon the extraction of information from microscopy images by pathologists. These images contain complex information requiring time-consuming expert human interpretation that is prone to human bias. Supervised deep learning approaches have proven powerful for classification tasks, but they are inherently limited by the cost and quality of annotations used for training these models. To address this limitation of supervised methods, we developed Histomorphological Phenotype Learning (HPL), a fully blue{self-}supervised methodology that requires no expert labels or annotations and operates via the automatic discovery of discriminatory image features in small image tiles. Tiles are grouped into morphologically similar clusters which constitute a library of histomorphological phenotypes, revealing trajectories from benign to malignant tissue via inflammatory and reactive phenotypes. These clusters have distinct features which can be identified using orthogonal methods, linking histologic, molecular and clinical phenotypes. Applied to lung cancer tissues, we show that they align closely with patient survival, with histopathologically recognised tumor types and growth patterns, and with transcriptomic measures of immunophenotype. We then demonstrate that these properties are maintained in a multi-cancer study. These results show the clusters represent recurrent host responses and modes of tumor growth emerging under natural selection. Code, pre-trained models, learned embeddings, and documentation are available to the community at https://github.com/AdalbertoCq/Histomorphological-Phenotype-Learning
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: Phase I Dose-Escalation Clinical Trial (2018)

We previously demonstrated that transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improved recovery from brain injury induced by severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in newborn rats. To assess the safety and feasibility of MSCs in preterm infants with severe IVH, we performed a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial. The first three patients received a low dose of MSCs (5 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/kg), and the next six received a high dose (1 × 10<sup>7</sup> cells/kg). We assessed adverse outcomes, including mortality and the progress of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Intraventricular transplantation of MSCs was performed in nine premature infants with mean gestational age of 26.1 ± 0.7 weeks and birth weight of 808 ± 85 g at 11.6 ± 0.9 postnatal days. Treatment with MSCs was well tolerated, and no patients showed serious adverse effects or dose-limiting toxicities attributable to MSC transplantation. There was no mortality in IVH patients receiving MSCs. Infants who underwent shunt surgery showed a higher level of interleukin (IL)-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained before MSC transplantation in comparison with infants who did not receive a shunt. Levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in initially obtained CSF correlated significantly with baseline ventricular index. Intraventricular transplantation of allogeneic human UCB-derived MSCs into preterm infants with severe IVH is safe and feasible, and warrants a larger, and controlled, phase II study. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:847-856.
Solubility and Size Separation of Large Fullerenes in Concentrated Sulfuric Acids (2007)

We show that large fullerenes (LFs) are soluble in concentrated sulfuric acids. We employ a centrifugation technique in conjunction with ultraviolet−visible and near-infrared (UV−vis−nIR) spectroscopy to quantify solubility. The Beer's Law dependence of UV−vis−nIR absorbance of LFs in concentrated sulfuric acids between 400 and 1400 nm facilitates the construction of linear calibration curves for measuring LF concentration in acids. Centrifugation of concentrated dispersions of LFs in concentrated sulfuric acids results in a clear phase separation. UV−vis-nIR absorbance measurements on the less concentrated phase yield the solubility of LFs. Large fullerenes exhibit an unusually high solubility in sulfuric acids concentrated in the range of 88−96%. The solubility of LFs in 96% sulfuric acid is higher than the solubility of the smallest fullerene (C60) in many organic solvents. We find that the solubility of LFs grows with acid strength, as is expected for solubilization by a protonation mechanism. Moreover, the average size of LFs solubilized in sulfuric acid increases with the strength of the acid.
CFD Investigation of Aeromechanics (2001)

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool was developed and applied to a variety of aeromechanics problems, including both forced response and flutter. This 3-D non-linear, viscous, time accurate code, in conjunction with a large parallel network, is used to demonstrate the mature capability of CFD based tools for aeromechanical analysis. An example of multistage blade row interaction analysis is presented and compared against detailed experimental data highlighting the fidelity of current CFD tools. Flutter analyses of isolated blade rows are also compared to data and used to demonstrate several classical aeromechanical concepts such as influence coefficients, the destabilizing effect of neighboring blades in cascade flutter, the depiction of an aerodynamic damping map, and the flutter benefit of frequency mistuning. These two capabilities, multistage and flutter, are then combined to examine the effect of multistage interaction on the flutter problem. Finally the reasons for extending the above modeling to include full-aeroelastic capability are discussed and an example is presented.
Spiro[1<i>H</i>-indene-1,4‘-piperidine] Derivatives As Potent and Selective Non-Peptide Human Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 (sst<sub>2</sub>) Agonists (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTSpiro[1H-indene-1,4'-piperidine] Derivatives As Potent and Selective Non-Peptide Human Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 (sst2) AgonistsLihu Yang, Liangqin Guo, Alexander Pasternak, Ralph Mosley, Susan Rohrer, Elizabeth Birzin, Forrest Foor, Kang Cheng, James Schaeffer, and Arthur A. PatchettView Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry & Physiology, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 13, 2175–2179Publication Date (Web):June 3, 1998Publication History Received30 March 1998Published online3 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm980194hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm980194hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1520Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Selective Growth of Diamond in Thermal Vias for GaN HEMTs (2013)

GaN on SiC technology has offered tremendous benefits over existing GaAs-based RF technologies. The high breakdown voltage and current handling capability of GaN HEMTs enable a 10x increase in RF power over conventional GaAs- based devices for the same device size. These benefits translate to dramatically improved performance for military and commercial communications, radar and high-power RF systems. However, despite the high thermal conductivity materials and optimized epitaxial profiles already being used, additional improvement of MMIC performance is limited by thermal constraints. Substrate and near channel thermal resistance is a key thermal bottleneck limiting device compaction and junction temperature reduction. NGAS will report on revolutionary methods being developed to directly integrate high quality, high thermal conductivity diamond materials with more than 4x greater thermal conductivity over existing state-of-the-art GaN on SiC HEMT technology. Reducing temperature in the device channel and surrounding regions is critical for reliable operation, supporting additional device compaction and improving circuit performance.
Resource Requirements and Speed versus Geometry of Unconditionally Secure Physical Key Exchanges (2015)

The imperative need for unconditional secure key exchange is expounded by the increasing connectivity of networks and by the increasing number and level of sophistication of cyberattacks. Two concepts that are theoretically information-secure are quantum key distribution (QKD) and Kirchoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN). However, these concepts require a dedicated connection between hosts in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks which can be impractical and or cost prohibitive. A practical and cost effective method is to have each host share their respective cable(s) with other hosts such that two remote hosts can realize a secure key exchange without the need of an additional cable or key exchanger. In this article we analyze the cost complexities of cable, key exchangers, and time required in the star network. We mentioned the reliability of the star network and compare it with other network geometries. We also conceived a protocol and equation for the number of secure bit exchange periods needed in a star network. We then outline other network geometries and trade-off possibilities that seem interesting to explore.
Genetic interaction studies link autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease in a common pathway (2007)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) describes a heterogeneous collection of disorders that differ significantly with respect to their etiology and clinical presentation. They share, however, abnormal tubular morphology as a common feature, leading to the hypothesis that their respective gene products may function cooperatively in a common pathway to maintain tubular integrity. To study the pathobiology of one major form of human PKD, we generated a mouse line with a floxed allele of Pkhd1, the orthologue of the gene mutated in human autosomal recessive PKD. Cre-mediated excision of exons 3-4 results in a probable hypomorphic allele. Pkhd1(del3-4/del3-4) developed a range of phenotypes that recapitulate key features of the human disease. Like in humans, abnormalities of the biliary tract were an invariant finding. Most mice 6 months or older also developed renal cysts. Subsets of animals presented with either perinatal respiratory failure or exhibited growth retardation that was not due to the renal disease. We then tested for genetic interaction between Pkhd1 and Pkd1, the mouse orthologue of the gene most commonly linked to human autosomal dominant PKD. Pkd1(+/-); Pkhd1(del3-4/del3-4) mice had markedly more severe disease than Pkd1(+/+); Pkhd1(del3-4/del3-4) littermates. These studies are the first to show genetic interaction between the major loci responsible for human renal cystic disease in a common PKD pathway.