gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap between Physical Layer Emulation and Network Simulation (2010)

Many of the simulations reported in wireless networking literature contain several abstractions at the physical layer and the corresponding channel models. In particular, the basic simulation unit assumed in such simulations is the frame (or packet), which omits considerations of the signal processing details at the physical layer, such as frame construction and reception. Due to this abstraction, available channel models for network simulators are applied to frames as a whole and cannot reflect properly the effects of fast fading or frequency-selective channels. Moreover, it is not possible to study the mechanisms of the physical layer and their impact on higher layers such as the MAC. Therefore, we propose to address the lack of accurate physical layer representation in modern network simulators by incorporating a physical layer emulator for OFDM-based IEEE 802.11 communications into the popular NS-3 simulator. In this paper, we outline the architecture of the physical layer emulator and present initial results which highlight the promise of the new architecture in providing more detailed simulations to the networking community. The additional memory and computational requirements of the new model are also discussed.
Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen–DR Transcriptional Downregulation by Cortisol during Septic Shock (2004)

Monocyte deactivation has been identified as a major factor of immunosuppression in sepsis and is associated with a loss of surface human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression on circulating monocytes. Using flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we investigated this phenomenon in septic patients. We confirmed the early loss of monocyte HLA-DR expression in all infected patients and demonstrated that this persistent lowered expression at Day 6 correlated with severity scores, secondary infection, and death. This phenomenon occurred at a transcriptional level via a decrease in the class II transactivator A (CIITA) transcription. Furthermore, these abnormalities correlated with the high cortisol levels observed in sepsis and not with those of other putative factors such as catecholamines or interleukin-10. Finally, in vitro studies evidenced that glucocorticoids decrease HLA-DR expression at a transcriptional level via a decrease in CIITA mRNA levels, mainly by down modulating its isoforms I and III. We conclude that in human sepsis, the loss of HLA-DR expression on circulating monocytes is associated with a poor outcome. We suggest that the high endogenous cortisol level observed in septic shock may be a possible new factor involved in the loss of HLA-DR expression on monocytes via its effect on HLA-DR and CIITA transcription.
Health gains from solar water disinfection (SODIS): evaluation of a water quality intervention in Yaoundé, Cameroon (2010)

In developing countries, the burden of diarrhoea is still enormous. One way to reduce transmission of pathogens is by water quality interventions. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a low-cost and simple method to improve drinking water quality on household level. This paper evaluates the implementation of SODIS in slum areas of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Promoters trained 2,911 households in the use of SODIS. Two surveys with randomly selected households were conducted before (N=2,193) and after (N=783) the intervention. Using a questionnaire, interviewers collected information on the health status of children under five, on liquid consumption, hygiene and other issues. Prior to the intervention, diarrhoea prevalence amounted to 34.3% among children. After the intervention, it remained stable in the control group (31.8%) but dropped to 22.8% in the intervention group. Households fully complying with the intervention exhibited even less diarrhoea prevalence (18.3%) and diarrhoea risk could be reduced by 42.5%. Multivariate analyses revealed that the intervention effects are also observed when other diarrhoea risk factors, such as hygiene and cleanliness of household surroundings, are considered. According to the data, adoption of the method was associated with marital status. Findings suggest health benefits from SODIS use. Further promotional activities in low-income settings are recommended.
Makrolide. Neuere Fortschritte ihrer Chemie und Biochemie (1977)

In den letzten Jahren haben sich Chemie und Biochemie der Makrolide eindrucksvoll weiterentwickelt. In dieser Übersicht ist versucht worden, die wesentlichen Arbeiten auf den Gebieten der Strukturermittlung, der chemischen Synthese, der Biochemie und der antimikrobiellen Aktivität vor allem der Polyoxomakrolid-Antibiotica zusammenzufassen. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Fortschritte der Makrolid-Synthese.
CRAFT: Complementary Recommendations Using Adversarial Feature Transformer (2018)

Traditional approaches for complementary product recommendations rely on behavioral and non-visual data such as customer co-views or co-buys. However, certain domains such as fashion are primarily visual. We propose a framework that harnesses visual cues in an unsupervised manner to learn the distribution of co-occurring complementary items in real world images. Our model learns a non-linear transformation between the two manifolds of source and target complementary item categories (e.g., tops and bottoms in outfits). Given a large dataset of images containing instances of co-occurring object categories, we train a generative transformer network directly on the feature representation space by casting it as an adversarial optimization problem. Such a conditional generative model can produce multiple novel samples of complementary items (in the feature space) for a given query item. The final recommendations are selected from the closest real world examples to the synthesized complementary features. We apply our framework to the task of recommending complementary tops for a given bottom clothing item. The recommendations made by our system are diverse, and are favored by human experts over the baseline approaches.
Antiviral Inhibitory Capacity of CD8+ T cells Predicts the Rate of CD4+ T-Cell Decline in HIV-1 Infection (2012)

The antiviral inhibitory capacity of CD8+ T cells is highly predictive of CD4+ T-cell loss in early HIV-1 infection. It has potential as a benchmark of effective immunity in vaccine evaluation.
Designing LLC resonant converters for optimum efficiency (2009)

This paper presents a novel design methodology for the tank circuit of LLC resonant converters, based on a simplified yet accurate model of the steady-state operation in the “below-resonance” region. This model is used in a design strategy that aims to design a converter capable of operating with soft­switching in the specified input voltage range, with a load varying from zero up to the maximum specified level, with minimum reactive energy and, then, maximum efficiency level.
The importance of interfacial design at the carbon nanotube/polymer composite interface (2006)

Abstract This research focuses on the need for interfacial engineering at the carbon nanotube/polymer composite interface in the effort to obtain enhanced mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were studied as a function of both nanotube concentration and surface treatment. One method, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), was successfully used to produce a PMMA conformal coating (using methyl methacrylate monomer) on multiwall carbon nanotubes. Excellent suspensions of MWNTs in organic solvents were achieved via the PMMA coating. The coated‐MWNTs were dispersed into PMMA via melt mixing and orientation was achieved by melt drawing. The overall set of mechanical properties indicates that while the conformal polymer coating had a significant effect on the mechanical properties at a 1% concentration of nanotubes as compared to the uncoated nanotube composites, suggesting improved interfacial adhesion between the nanotube and the matrix material. However, the mechanical properties of the 1% coated nanotube composite were not significantly better than those for pure PMMA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1413–1418, 2006
Dynamic Game Difficulty Scaling Using Adaptive Behavior-Based AI (2011)

Games are played by a wide variety of audiences. Different individuals will play with different gaming styles and employ different strategic approaches. This often involves interacting with nonplayer characters that are controlled by the game AI. From a developer's standpoint, it is important to design a game AI that is able to satisfy the variety of players that will interact with the game. Thus, an adaptive game AI that can scale the difficulty of the game according to the proficiency of the player has greater potential to customize a personalized and entertaining game experience compared to a static game AI. In particular, dynamic game difficulty scaling refers to the use of an adaptive game AI that performs game adaptations in real time during the game session. This paper presents two adaptive algorithms that use ideas from reinforcement learning and evolutionary computation to improve player satisfaction by scaling the difficulty of the game AI while the game is being played. The effects of varying the learning and mutation rates are examined and a general rule of thumb for the parameters is proposed. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated to be capable of matching its opponents in terms of mean scores and winning percentages. Both algorithms are able to generalize well to a variety of opponents.
Preparation of Sr <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Ca <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> LiAl <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> Solid Solutions and Their Photoluminescence Properties (2016)

A series of quaternary nitride solid solutions with a general formula of Sr 1− x Ca x LiAl 3 N 4 :0.5%Eu 2+ was synthesized by a solid‐state reaction method. The experimental results showed that a proper amount of Ca‐doping can improve the crystallinity and the photoluminescence properties of the produced phosphors. Rietveld refinement showed that the volume of the unit cell shrank with the increase of Ca substitution for Sr, which resulted in a red shift of the emission spectra from 654 to 665 nm under blue excitation at 475 nm. Rietveld refinement and CASTPE calculations suggested that Ca 2+ ions prefer to occupy the smaller Sr(I) sites in the crystal lattice, which increases the amount of Eu 2+ ions in Sr( II ) sites and enables the tuning of the chromaticity coordinates of the obtained phosphors. The thermal stability of the produced phosphors is better than that of commercial Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu 2+ phosphor. The experimental results qualify the solid‐solution Sr 1− x Ca x LiAl 3 N 4 :0.5%Eu 2+ for consideration as a potential candidate for application in white LED s.
Unsupervised Modeling of Twitter Conversations (2010)

We propose the first unsupervised approach to the problem of modeling dialogue acts in an open domain. Trained on a corpus of noisy Twitter conversations, our method discovers dialogue acts by clustering raw utterances. Because it accounts for the sequential behaviour of these acts, the learned model can provide insight into the shape of communication in a new medium. We address the challenge of evaluating the emergent model with a qualitative visualization and an intrinsic conversation ordering task. This work is inspired by a corpus of 1.3 million Twitter conversations, which will be made publicly available. This huge amount of data, available only because Twitter blurs the line between chatting and publishing, highlights the need to be able to adapt quickly to a new medium. 1
Sustained Loss of a Neoplastic Phenotype by Brief Inactivation of <i>MYC</i> (2002)

Pharmacological inactivation of oncogenes is being investigated as a possible therapeutic strategy for cancer. One potential drawback is that cessation of such therapy may allow reactivation of the oncogene and tumor regrowth. We used a conditional transgenic mouse model for MYC-induced tumorigenesis to demonstrate that brief inactivation of MYC results in the sustained regression of tumors and the differentiation of osteogenic sarcoma cells into mature osteocytes. Subsequent reactivation of MYC did not restore the cells' malignant properties but instead induced apoptosis. Thus, brief MYC inactivation appears to cause epigenetic changes in tumor cells that render them insensitive to MYC-induced tumorigenesis. These results raise the possibility that transient inactivation of MYC may be an effective therapy for certain cancers.
DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism for gene expression in mammals. (2006)

Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. In the last decade, it has been shown that epigenetic mechanisms provide an "extra" layer of transcriptional control that regulates genes expression. Three distinct mechanisms appear intricately related in initiating and sustaining epigenetic modifications: RNA-associated silencing, DNA methylation and histone modification. These mechanisms are critical components in the normal development and cell growth. DNA methylation is involved in transcriptional silencing of genes, regulation of expression of imprinted genes, a number of tumour suppressor genes in cancer and silencing of genes located on the inactive X chromosome. In this review, we are focused on the basic principles of DNA methylation as the main epigenetic mechanism for normal embryonic development and epigenetic alterations that contribute to carcinogenesis.
Ascorbate transport by primary cultured neurons and its role in neuronal function and protection against excitotoxicity (2007)

Neurons maintain relatively high intracellular concentrations of ascorbic acid, which is achieved primarily by the activity of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter SVCT2. In this work, we studied the mechanisms by which neuronal cells in culture transport and maintain ascorbate as well as whether this system contributes to maturation of neuronal function and cellular defense against oxidative stress and excitotoxic injury. We found that the SVCT2 helps to maintain high intracellular ascorbate levels, normal ascorbate transport kinetics, and activity-dependent ascorbate recycling. Immunocytochemistry studies revealed that SVCT2 is expressed primarily in the axons of mature hippocampal neurons in culture. In the absence of SVCT2, hippocampal neurons exhibited stunted neurite outgrowth, less glutamate receptor clustering, and reduced spontaneous neuronal activity. Finally, hippocampal cultures from SVCT2-deficient mice showed increased susceptibility to oxidative damage and N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity. Our results revealed that maintenance of intracellular ascorbate as a result of SVCT2 activity is crucial for neuronal development, functional maturation, and antioxidant responses.
Realistic modeling of ion cloud motion in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance cell by use of a particle‐in‐cell approach (2007)

Using a 'Particle-In-Cell' approach taken from plasma physics we have developed a new three-dimensional (3D) parallel computer code that today yields the highest possible accuracy of ion trajectory calculations in electromagnetic fields. This approach incorporates coulombic ion-ion and ion-image charge interactions into the calculation. The accuracy is achieved through the implementation of an improved algorithm (the so-called Boris algorithm) that mathematically eliminates cyclotron motion in a magnetic field from digital equations for ion motion dynamics. It facilitates the calculation of the cyclotron motion without numerical errors. At every time-step in the simulation the electric potential inside the cell is calculated by direct solution of Poisson's equation. Calculations are performed on a computational grid with up to 128 x 128 x 128 nodes using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. The ion populations in these simulations ranged from 1000 up to 1,000,000 ions. A maximum of 3,000,000 time-steps were employed in the ion trajectory calculations. This corresponds to an experimental detection time-scale of seconds. In addition to the ion trajectories integral time-domain signals and mass spectra were calculated. The phenomena observed include phase locking of particular m/z ions (high-resolution regime) inside larger ion clouds. A focus was placed on behavior of a cloud of ions of a single m/z value to understand the nature of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) resolution and mass accuracy in selected ion mode detection. The behavior of two and three ion clouds of different but close m/z was investigated as well. Peak coalescence effects were observed in both cases. Very complicated ion cloud dynamics in the case of three ion clouds was demonstrated. It was found that magnetic field does not influence phase locking for a cloud of ions of a single m/z. The ion cloud evolution time-scale is inversely proportional to magnetic field. The number of ions needed for peak coalescence depends quadratically on the magnetic field.
Siamese-twin random projection neural network with Bagging Trees tuning for unsupervised binary image hashing (2017)

In this paper a Siamese-Twin Random Projection Neural Network (ST-RPNN) is proposed for unsupervised binary hashing of images. ST-RPNN is made of two identical random projection neural networks with hard threshold neurons where the binary code is taken as the neuron outputs. The learning objective is to produce similar binary codes for similar input image pairs and different binary codes otherwise. The learning process is divided into two steps. Firstly, overcomplete random projection is used to produce a sufficiently long code, followed by a fast sparse technique for neurons selection (FSNS). Bootstrap Aggregation Trees or Bagging Trees (BT) is then used to make a refined compact code section. BT is also used as a fast retrieval tool that ranks the database with respect to a query without distance calculations and with a significantly lower complexity than Hamming distance approach. The proposed technique is compared with 10 unsupervised image binary hashing techniques on the COREL1K dataset and the CIFAR10 dataset. The proposed technique obtained better precision-recall results than all compared techniques on the COREL1K dataset, and better than 8 of them on the CIFAR10 dataset.
Active control of flutter in turbomachinery using off blade actuators sensors. Part II: Control algorithm (2004)

We describe control design for fan or compressor blades flutter in gas turbine engines. The experimental implementation of active flutter control on a sub-scale fan rig consisted of an array of audio speaker-powered volumetric sources connected to the flow path equally spaced along the circumference axially located between all experimental fan and its exit guide vanes (stator). Blade arrival time detectors based on eddy current sensors placed at the leading end of the blade-tip line were used to generate real-time blade deflection signals. An observer was used to reconstruct the flutter modes. A pole-placement controller was used to generate the speaker command signals.
The role of serotonin in thrombogenesis. (1990)

Serotonin, a weak activator on its own, elicits strong platelet reactions (aggregation, arachidonate metabolization, release reaction) through amplification. Such amplification operates via 5-HT2-serotonergic receptors which are linked to the turnover of polyphosphoinositides and increases of intracellular [Ca2+]i concentrations as signal transducing systems. In experimental animals, selective blockade of 5-HT2-serotonergic receptors eliminates arterial thrombus formation over sites of endothelial injury in stenosed canine coronaries; in combination with a manipulation of TXA2, it prevents coronary thrombotic reocclusion after fibrinolysis with rt-PA, and inhibits drastic platelet activation, elicited by injections of collagen in vivo. These observations suggest that serotonergic amplification substantially contributes to the aggregation of platelets in damaged vessels and offers perspectives for an improved antithrombotic approach.
<i>STYPANDRA IMBRICATA</i> (“BLINDGRASS”) TOXICOSIS IN GOATS AND SHEEP—CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN 4 FIELD CASES (1981)

Two goats and 2 sheep from field outbreaks of Stypandra imbricata toxicosis had severe lesions in the retina, optic nerves and white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical, ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic, electroretinographic and histologic atrophy, necrosis and degeneration of axons in the optic nerves and optic tracts and status spongiosus of cerebral white matter.
Differential Regulation of Doxorubicin-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis by Bcl-2 in Mammary Adenocarcinoma (MTLn3) Cells (2002)

Various anticancer drugs cause mitochondrial perturbations in association with apoptosis. Here we investigated the involvement of caspase- and Bcl-2-dependent pathways in doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial perturbations and apoptosis. For this purpose, we set up a novel three-color flow cytometric assay using rhodamine 123, annexin V-allophycocyanin, and propidium iodide to assess the involvement of the mitochondria in apoptosis caused by doxorubicin in the breast cancer cell line MTLn3. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was preceded by up-regulation of CD95 and CD95L and a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi) occurring prior to phosphatidylserine externalization. This drop in Deltapsi was independent of caspase activity, since benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-dl-Asp-fluoromethylketone did not inhibit it. Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-dl-Asp-fluoromethylketone also blocked activation of caspase-8, thus excluding an involvement of the death receptor pathway in Deltapsi dissipation. Furthermore, although overexpression of Bcl-2 in MTLn3 cells inhibited apoptosis, dissipation of Deltapsi was still observed. No decrease in Deltapsi was observed in cells undergoing etoposide-induced apoptosis. Immunofluorescent analysis of Deltapsi and cytochrome c localization on a cell-to-cell basis indicates that the collapse of Deltapsi and cytochrome c release are mutually independent in both normal and Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. Together, these data indicate that doxorubicin-induced dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential precedes phosphatidylserine externalization and is independent of a caspase- or Bcl-2-controlled checkpoint.
A Stimulatory Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody Enhances Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis in Graves' Orbital Fibroblasts: Inhibition by an IGF-I Receptor Blocking Antibody (2012)

The stimulatory TRAb M22 increases HA production in undifferentiated GO orbital fibroblasts via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin activation. Blockade of IGF-IR inhibits both HA synthesis and Akt phosphorylation induced by M22 or IGF-I in these cells, suggesting that TSH receptor and IGF-IR signaling may be closely linked in the GO orbit.