gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model predictive control for lane keeping system in autonomous vehicle (2017)

This paper presents a controller for lane keeping system (LKS), and the method of the reference trajectory generation is interpolating five preview points obtained by sensors. Its mean purpose is to reduce the demand for sensors by only using five points. Also the distance between these five preview points is determined by the longitudinal velocity. The computation of the controller has been achieved by casting the model predictive control (MPC) for tracking problem into the quadratic programming (QP) problem. The steering angle is minimized to generate the optimal control sequence and the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approaches are demonstrated through co-simulations of Matlab/Simulink and CarSim under the different velocity. And the simulation results show that the MPC controller is suitable for reducing the lateral displacement and achieving better performance.
Contraction-Induced Cell Wounding and Release of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Heart (1995)

The heart hypertrophies in response to certain forms of increased mechanical load, but it is not understood how, at the molecular level, the mechanical stimulus of increased load is transduced into a cell growth response. One possibility is that mechanical stress provokes the release of myocyte-derived autocrine growth factors. Two such candidate growth factors, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF and bFGF, respectively), are released via mechanically induced disruptions of the cell plasma membrane. In the present study, we demonstrate that transient, survivable disruption (wounding) of the cardiac myocyte plasma membrane is a constitutive event in vivo. Frozen sections of normal rat heart were immunostained to reveal the distribution of the wound event marker, serum albumin. Quantitative image analysis of these sections indicated that an average of 25% of the myocytes contained cytosolic serum albumin; ie, this proportion had suffered a plasma membrane wound. Wounding frequency increased approximately threefold after beta-adrenergic stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction. Heparin-Sepharose chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, growth assay coupled with antibody neutralization, and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting were used to demonstrate that both aFGF and bFGF were released from an ex vivo beating rat heart. Importantly, beta-adrenergic stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction increased FGF release. Cell wounding is a fundamental but previously unrecognized aspect of the biology of the cardiac myocyte. We propose that contraction-induced cardiac myocyte wounding releases aFGF and bFGF, which then may act as autocrine growth-promoting stimuli.
Hydrodesulfurization activity of catalysts with non-cylindrical shape. (1980)

The effects of non-cylindrical extrudates consisting of MoO3-CoO-γ-Alumina on hydrodesulfurization of vacuum gas oil and atmospheric residue have been investigated. In the experiments, non-cylindrical extrudates with cross sections of symmetrical quadrulobes, asymmetrical quadrulobes and three-lobes and cylindrical extrudates with nominal diameters of 1/32, 1/16 and 1/12 inch were tested in a small bench scale unit with diluted catalyst bed. Some of them were tested also in a pilot plant scale unit with undiluted catalyst bed.A good relation between activity and particle size expressed in terms of volume and surface ratio have been observed. This relation is independent of variation in catalyst shape.
Plasmid-Associated Bacteriocin Production and Sucrose Fermentation in <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> (1987)

Production of bacteriocin activity designated pediocin PA-1 was associated with the presence of a 6.2-megadalton plasmid in Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0. The bacteriocin exhibited activity against P. acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, L. bifermentans, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum. Partial characterization of pediocin PA-1 is described. The molecular weight of pediocin PA-1 was ca. 16,500. Additionally, strain PAC1.0 was found to contain a 23-megadalton plasmid associated with sucrose-fermenting ability.
A Systematic Review of Perception System and Simulators for Autonomous Vehicles Research (2019)

This paper presents a systematic review of the perception systems and simulators for autonomous vehicles (AV). This work has been divided into three parts. In the first part, perception systems are categorized as environment perception systems and positioning estimation systems. The paper presents the physical fundamentals, principle functioning, and electromagnetic spectrum used to operate the most common sensors used in perception systems (ultrasonic, RADAR, LiDAR, cameras, IMU, GNSS, RTK, etc.). Furthermore, their strengths and weaknesses are shown, and the quantification of their features using spider charts will allow proper selection of different sensors depending on 11 features. In the second part, the main elements to be taken into account in the simulation of a perception system of an AV are presented. For this purpose, the paper describes simulators for model-based development, the main game engines that can be used for simulation, simulators from the robotics field, and lastly simulators used specifically for AV. Finally, the current state of regulations that are being applied in different countries around the world on issues concerning the implementation of autonomous vehicles is presented.
English teaching profile (2003)

Atherosclerosis has many features of a chronic inflammatory disease. Atherosclerotic lesions contain inflammatory cells like activated T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Systemic markers of inflammation such as white blood cells, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin 6 and soluble adhesion molecules are predictive of future cardiovascular events, even after adjustment for the contribution of established cardiovascular risk factors. Atherogenic lipoprotein particles, in particular modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL), elicit pro-inflammatory responses of cellular elements of the vessel wall, including endothelial dysfunction and activation of monocyte-derived macrophages. Treatment, with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors has proven the most successful strategy to reduce the concentration of LDL in the circulatory system. These compounds lower LDL cholesterol by inhibiting the mevalonate pathway in the liver, which in turn depletes the regulatory pool of cholesterol and enhances the activity of LDL receptors. Five prospective clinical trials have convincingly demonstrated that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can effectively lower the incidence of cardiovascular events in primary and secondary prevention. Post hoc analyses of these trials suggest that the clinical benefit brought about by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors may not entirely be due to their effect on the levels of circulating lipoproteins. In-vitro observations of anti-inflammatory actions of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on vascular cells have been suggested to explain effects beyond lipid-lowering. It is, however, not clear whether these findings are relevant to the in-vivo situation. Further investigation is now necessary in order to determine the relative significance of cholesterol lowering and of ancillary effects to the overall clinical benefit of statin treatment.
Colour-Encoded Structured Light for Digitisation of Real-Time 3D Data (1992)

The paper describes the implementation of a colour-encoded structured light 3D digitiser to be used to measure the human face during continuous speech. The algorithms currently used to give results on static, lightly coloured objects are outlined, including a novel method of stripe identification using an extension of minimum cost-matching for strings. Visually acceptable results are shown, and ongoing work is described. >
Model-Driven Development - From Object-Oriented Design to Actor-Oriented Design (2003)

deeply rooted in procedural abstractions. These say little about concurrency, temporal properties, and assumptions and guarantees in the face of dynamic system structure. Actor-oriented design contrasts with (and complements) object-oriented design by emphasizing concurrency and communication between components. Components called actors execute and communicate with other actors. While interfaces in object-oriented design (methods, principally) mediate transfer of the locus of control, interfaces in actor-oriented design (which we call ports) mediate communication. But the communication is not assumed to involve a transfer of control. This paper explores the use of behavioral type systems in actor-oriented design. I.
Chaos in an electronic circuit—experiment on coupled oscillator system (1990)

Abstract An electronic circuit is studied as a coupled oscillator system. We have found that the coupled system shows a new type of intermittency different from that of Pomeau and Manneville (1980).
Amplification of <i>PRKCI</i>, located in 3q26, is associated with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2007)

DNA amplification is one of the mechanisms to activate genes that are implicated in neoplastic transformation and gain of chromosome band 3q26 is a common event in squamous cell carcinomas. The aim of the present work was to identify the specific target gene from four candidates (MDS1, PRKCI, ECT2, and PIK3CA) located on 3q26 amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). To assess the prevalence of copy number gains of putative genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied on 108 ESCCs and 9 ESCC cell lines. Our data showed that MDS1 and PRKCI were more frequently gained. Positive correlation was found only for PRKCI between amplification and tumor size (P = 0.043), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015) and clinical stage (P = 0.002). PRKCI gene amplification was highly correlated with protein overexpression (P = 0.009), suggesting that gene amplification is one important mechanism involved in PRKCI overexpression. To investigate further the role of PRKCI alteration in esophageal tumors, a tissue microarray containing samples from 180 ESCCs was used for immunohistochemistry analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that PRKCI overexpression was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) and higher stage (P = 0.004). Performing multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant association between PRKCI overexpression and presence of lymph node metastasis was found, which was independent of T-stage of the primary tumors (P = 0.004). Our results indicate that PRKCI is an attractive target in the 3q26 amplicon and that it may serve as a molecular marker for metastasis and occult advanced tumor stages in ESCC.
Low-threshold index-guided 1.5 μm long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with high efficiency (2000)

A significantly improved InP-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with record device performance is demonstrated. Utilizing a twofold epitaxial growth process, self-adjusted lateral current confinement and index guiding are accomplished by means of a buried InGa(Al)As tunnel junction. Front and back mirrors are realized by 35 epitaxial InGaAlAs/InAlAs layer pairs and a 1.5 MgF2/a-Si layer pair, respectively. At room temperature and under continuous wave condition, lasers with small aperture diameters of only 13 μm exhibit record output powers of 1.6 mW with quantum efficiencies around 25%. For these devices, threshold current and voltage are as low as 4 mA and 1.2 V, respectively, because of low series resistances around 70 Ω.
Wavelength-selective cleavage of photoprotecting groups: strategies and applications in dynamic systems (2015)

Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) are extensively used in chemical and biological sciences. In their application, advantage is taken of using light as an external, non-invasive stimulus, which can be delivered with very high spatiotemporal precision. More recently, orthogonally addressing multiple PPGs, in a single system and with different wavelengths of light, has been explored. This approach allows one to independently control multiple functionalities in an external, non-invasive fashion. In this tutorial review, we discuss the design principles for dynamic systems involving wavelength-selective deprotection, focusing on the choice and optimization of PPGs, synthetic methods for their introduction and strategies for combining multiple PPGs into one system. Finally, we illustrate the design principles with representative examples, aiming at providing the reader with an instructive overview on how the wavelength-selective cleavage of photoprotecting groups can be applied in materials science, organic synthesis and biological systems.
Learning Nonsymmetric Determinantal Point Processes (2019)

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) have attracted substantial attention as an elegant probabilistic model that captures the balance between quality and diversity within sets. DPPs are conventionally parameterized by a positive semi-definite kernel matrix, and this symmetric kernel encodes only repulsive interactions between items. These so-called symmetric DPPs have significant expressive power, and have been successfully applied to a variety of machine learning tasks, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and automatic summarization, among many others. Efficient algorithms for learning symmetric DPPs and sampling from these models have been reasonably well studied. However, relatively little attention has been given to nonsymmetric DPPs, which relax the symmetric constraint on the kernel. Nonsymmetric DPPs allow for both repulsive and attractive item interactions, which can significantly improve modeling power, resulting in a model that may better fit for some applications. We present a method that enables a tractable algorithm, based on maximum likelihood estimation, for learning nonsymmetric DPPs from data composed of observed subsets. Our method imposes a particular decomposition of the nonsymmetric kernel that enables such tractable learning algorithms, which we analyze both theoretically and experimentally. We evaluate our model on synthetic and real-world datasets, demonstrating improved predictive performance compared to symmetric DPPs, which have previously shown strong performance on modeling tasks associated with these datasets.
Perovskite/polymer monolithic hybrid tandem solar cells utilizing a low-temperature, full solution process (2015)

In the current study, a monolithic integration of perovskite and polymer subcells into a tandem structure is realized through a full solution process.
Uterine Msx-1 and Wnt4 Signaling Becomes Aberrant in Mice with the Loss of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor or Hoxa-10: Evidence for a Novel Cytokine-Homeobox-Wnt Signaling in Implantation (2004)

Successful implantation absolutely depends on the reciprocal interaction between the implantation-competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus. Expression and gene targeting studies have shown that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine of the IL-6 family, and Hoxa-10, an abdominalB-like homeobox gene, are crucial to implantation and decidualization in mice. Using these mutant mice, we sought to determine the importance of Msx-1 (another homeobox gene formerly known as Hox-7.1) and of Wnt4 (a ligand of the Wnt family) signaling in implantation because of their reported functions during development. We observed that Msx-1, Wnt4, and a Wnt antagonist sFRP4 are differentially expressed in the mouse uterus during the periimplantation period, suggesting their role in implantation. In addition, we observed an aberrant uterine expression of Msx-1 and sFRP4 in Lif mutant mice, and of Wnt4 and sFRP4 in Hoxa-10 mutant mice, further reinforcing the importance of these signaling pathways in implantation. Collectively, the present results provide evidence for a novel cytokine-homeotic-Wnt signaling network in implantation.
Inference for multiple heterogeneous networks with a common invariant subspace (2019)

The development of models and methodology for the analysis of data from multiple heterogeneous networks is of importance both in statistical network theory and across a wide spectrum of application domains. Although single-graph analysis is well-studied, multiple graph inference is largely unexplored, in part because of the challenges inherent in appropriately modeling graph differences and yet retaining sufficient model simplicity to render estimation feasible. This paper addresses exactly this gap, by introducing a new model, the common subspace independent-edge multiple random graph model, which describes a heterogeneous collection of networks with a shared latent structure on the vertices but potentially different connectivity patterns for each graph. The model encompasses many popular network representations, including the stochastic blockmodel. The model is both flexible enough to meaningfully account for important graph differences, and tractable enough to allow for accurate inference in multiple networks. In particular, a joint spectral embedding of adjacency matrices-the multiple adjacency spectral embedding-leads to simultaneous consistent estimation of underlying parameters for each graph. Under mild additional assumptions, the estimates satisfy asymptotic normality and yield improvements for graph eigenvalue estimation. In both simulated and real data, the model and the embedding can be deployed for a number of subsequent network inference tasks, including dimensionality reduction, classification, hypothesis testing, and community detection. Specifically, when the embedding is applied to a data set of connectomes constructed through diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, the result is an accurate classification of brain scans by human subject and a meaningful determination of heterogeneity across scans of different individuals.
Improving Deep Learning using Generic Data Augmentation (2017)

Deep artificial neural networks require a large corpus of training data in order to effectively learn, where collection of such training data is often expensive and laborious. Data augmentation overcomes this issue by artificially inflating the training set with label preserving transformations. Recently there has been extensive use of generic data augmentation to improve Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) task performance. This study benchmarks various popular data augmentation schemes to allow researchers to make informed decisions as to which training methods are most appropriate for their data sets. Various geometric and photometric schemes are evaluated on a coarse-grained data set using a relatively simple CNN. Experimental results, run using 4-fold cross-validation and reported in terms of Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy, indicate that cropping in geometric augmentation significantly increases CNN task performance.
Adsorption of poly(isobutenyl)succinimide dispersants onto calcium alkylarylsulfonate colloidal dispersions in hydrocarbon media (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of poly(isobutenyl)succinimide dispersants onto calcium alkylarylsulfonate colloidal dispersions in hydrocarbon mediaB. L. Papke, L. S. Bartley, and C. A. MigdalCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 11, 2614–2619Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00059a036https://doi.org/10.1021/la00059a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New synthetic reactions. Allylic alkylation (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic reactions. Allylic alkylationBarry M. Trost and Terry J. FullertonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 1, 292–294Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00782a080RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6000Altmetric-Citations314LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (341 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Assessing vulnerability of coasts to climate change: A review of approaches and their application to the Australian coast (2006)

This paper reviews approaches to assessing vulnerability of coasts to climate change and gives details of one of the approaches, coastal vulnerability index (CVI). The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: dune height, barrier type, beach type, relative sea-level change, shoreline erosion and accretion, mean tidal range and mean wave height. These variables are seen to be more useful to the Australian coast. The ranking for each input variable were combined and an index value calculated for selected beaches on the Illawarra and Batemans Bay coasts. The results are presented here.
Synergic Effect of Active Sites in Zinc‐Modified ZSM‐5 Zeolites as Revealed by High‐Field Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy (2016)

Understanding the nature of active sites in metal-supported catalysts is of great importance towards establishing their structure-property relationships. The outstanding catalytic performance of metal-supported catalysts is frequently ascribed to the synergic effect of different active sites, which is however not well spectroscopically characterized. Herein, we report the direct detection of surface Zn species and <sup>1</sup> H-<sup>67</sup> Zn internuclear interaction between Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions and Brønsted acid sites on Zn-modified ZSM-5 zeolites by high-field solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The observed promotion of C-H bond activation of methane is rationalized by the enhanced Brønsted acidity generated by synergic effects arising from the spatial proximity/interaction between Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions and Brønsted acidic protons. The concentration of synergic active sites is determined by <sup>1</sup> H-<sup>67</sup> Zn double-resonance solid-state NMR spectroscopy.