gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Newer topical treatments in skin and nail dermatophyte infections (2018)

Dermatophytes are amongst the most common causative agents of fungal infections worldwide and widespread in the developing countries. Various studies have found the significantly rising trend of this infection in India especially in last 4-5 years. The growing epidemic of recurrent/chronic dermatophytosis has led to the need for newer antifungal agents and/or preparations. Furthermore, resistance to commonly used topical and oral antifungals has increased alarmingly. Significantly increasing resistance has led to state of anxiety in physicians and significant distress to the patients socially, emotionally, and financially. Newer formulations or newer derivatives of existing drug classes and few newer drug classes are being developed to tackle this menace. Other forms of local therapies including lasers and photodynamic therapy are still in developmental phase and still need to be optimized in terms of dosing schedule, frequency of use and duration of therapy. Moreover, cost of these therapies remained most important obstacle in developing countries like India. We are hereby reviewing the newer formulations of topical therapies and drugs/interventions in experimental phase.
Efficient free viewpoint image reconstruction from multi-focus imaging sequences based on dimension reduction (2007)

This paper deals with the technique for generating free viewpoint images by using multi-focus imaging sequences. The method may enable us to realize dense 4-D ray-space reconstruction from 3-D multi-focus imaging sequences. Previously, we proposed a method of generating free viewpoint, iris and focus images directly from multi-focus imaging sequences with a 3-D convolution filter that expresses how the scene is defocused in the sequence. However, the cost of the spatial frequency analysis based on 3-D FFT is not inexpensive. In this paper, efficient reconstruction of free viewpoint images by dimension reduction and 2-D FFT is discussed. We show some experimental results by using synthetic images. Epipolar plane images are also reconstructed in order to estimate the disparity between generated free viewpoint images.
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Abrogates TNF-Induced NF-κB Activation through Inhibition of Activation of IκBα Kinase and Akt in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Correlation with Suppression of COX-2 Synthesis (2004)

The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib (also called celebrex), approved for the treatment of colon carcinogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases, has been shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis. Because NF-kappa B plays a major role in regulation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, and inflammation, we postulated that celecoxib modulates NF-kappa B. In the present study, we investigated the effect of this drug on the activation of NF-kappa B by a wide variety of agents. We found that celecoxib suppressed NF-kappa B activation induced by various carcinogens, including TNF, phorbol ester, okadaic acid, LPS, and IL-1 beta. Celecoxib inhibited TNF-induced I kappa B alpha kinase activation, leading to suppression of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation. Celecoxib suppressed both inducible and constitutive NF-kappa B without cell type specificity. Celecoxib also suppressed p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Akt activation, which is required for TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation, was also suppressed by this drug. Celecoxib also inhibited the TNF-induced interaction of Akt with I kappa B alpha kinase (IKK). Celecoxib abrogated the NF-kappa B-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF, TNF receptor, TNF receptor-associated death domain, TNF receptor-associated factor 2, NF-kappa B-inducing kinase, and IKK, but not that activated by p65. The COX-2 promoter, which is regulated by NF-kappa B, was also inhibited by celecoxib, and this inhibition correlated with suppression of TNF-induced COX-2 expression. Besides NF-kappa B, celecoxib also suppressed TNF-induced JNK, p38 MAPK, and ERK activation. Thus, overall, our results indicate that celecoxib inhibits NF-kappa B activation through inhibition of IKK and Akt activation, leading to down-regulation of synthesis of COX-2 and other genes needed for inflammation, proliferation, and carcinogenesis.
Novel Drugs Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Antiviral Therapy (2014)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sentinel receptors of the host innate immune system that recognize conserved 'pathogen-associated molecular patterns' of invading microbes, including viruses. The activation of TLRs establishes antiviral innate immune responses and coordinates the development of long-lasting adaptive immunity in order to control viral pathogenesis. However, microbe-induced damage to host tissues may release 'danger-associated molecular patterns' that also activate TLRs, leading to an overexuberant inflammatory response and, ultimately, to tissue damage. Thus, TLRs have proven to be promising targets as therapeutics for the treatment of viral infections that result in inflammatory damage or as adjuvants in order to enhance the efficacy of vaccines. Here, we explore recent advances in TLR biology with a focus on novel drugs that target TLRs (agonists and antagonists) for antiviral therapy.
Higher order hybrid method of moments-physical optics modeling technique for radiation and scattering from large perfectly conducting surfaces (2005)

An efficient and accurate higher order, large-domain hybrid computational technique based on the method of moments (MoM) and physical optics (PO) is proposed for analysis of large antennas and scatterers composed of perfectly conducting surfaces of arbitrary shapes. The technique utilizes large generalized curvilinear quadrilaterals of arbitrary geometrical orders in both the MoM and PO regions. It employs higher order divergence-conforming hierarchical polynomial basis functions in the context of the Galerkin method in the MoM region and higher order divergence-conforming interpolatory Chebyshev-type polynomial basis functions in conjunction with a point-matching method in the PO region. The results obtained by the higher order MoM-PO are validated against the results of the full MoM analysis in three characteristic realistic examples. The truly higher order and large-domain nature of the technique in both MoM and PO regions enables a very substantial reduction in the number of unknowns and increase in accuracy and efficiency when compared to the low-order, small-domain MoM-PO solutions. The PO part of the proposed technique, on the other hand, allows for a dramatic reduction in the computation time and memory with respect to the pure MoM higher order technique, which greatly extends the practicality of the higher order MoM with a smooth transition between low- and high-frequency applications.
Wearable Lab on Body: Combining Sensing of Biochemical and Digital Markers in a Wearable Device (2019)

Wearables are being widely researched for monitoring individual's health and wellbeing. Current generation wearable devices sense an individual's physiological data such as heart rate, respiration, electrodermal activity, and EEG, but lack in sensing their biological counterparts, which drive the majority of individual's physiological signals. On the other hand, biosensors for detecting biochemical markers are currently limited to one-time use, are non-continuous and don't provide flexibility in choosing which biomarker they sense. We present "wearable lab on body", a platform for active continuous monitoring of human biomarkers from the biological fluid. Our platform contains both digital sensors such as IMU for activity recognition, as well as an automated system for continuous sampling of biomarkers from saliva by leveraging already existing paper-based biochemical sensors. The platform could aid with longitudinal studies of biomarkers and early diagnosis of diseases.
Studies of micro actuators in Japan (2003)

Various kinds of driving principles are proposed for micro actuators. Electrostatic, superconducting, piezoelectric, and shape-memory alloy actuators are studied, with emphasis on work done in Japan. Electrostatic actuators, a superconducting actuator, an actuator which simulates muscles, a microfluid system with piezoelectric actuators, and a cell fusion system based on a fluid integration circuit are described. Microactuators and the micro machines driven by them are expected to have wide varieties of applications in medical, bioengineering, optics, information machinery, and robotics fields. It is shown that before a practical microsystem is distributed, however, there are still difficulties such as micro sources, packaging, interfacing, reliability, and control of many autonomous systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Cancer Antiproliferative Activity of New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Hydrophilic Hydroxamates and 2‐Aminobenzamide‐Containing Derivatives. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The extraction of buildings' roof feature lines based on point clouds (2008)

The traditional method of building reconstruction is mostly realized by the digital photogrammetric workstation.LiDAR can acquire large areas high resolution DSM directly and rapidly.It is beneficial to the extraction of buildings' roof feature lines and building model reconstruction.In the past,people just can extract the simple flat and slope roofs' feature lines based on point clouds generally.This paper proposes an algorithm,which can extract the roofs' detail feature lines.By ascertaining the building land,classifying the roofs,it can extract the flat,slop and multi-level buildings' feature lines.
A Survey on the Scalability of Blockchain Systems (2019)

In the past decade, crypto-currencies such as Bitcoin and Litecoin have developed rapidly. Blockchain as the underlying technology of these digital crypto-currencies has attracted great attention from academia and industry. Blockchain has many good features, such as trust-free, transparency, anonymity, democracy, automation, decentralization and security. Despite these promising features, scalability is still a key barrier when the blockchain technology is widely used in real business environments. In this article, we focus on the scalability issue, and provide a brief survey of recent studies on scalable blockchain systems. We first discuss the scalability issue from the perspectives of throughput, storage and networking. Then, existing enabling technologies for scalable blockchain systems are presented. We also discuss some research challenges and future research directions for scalable blockchain systems.
X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of ZnO and (Zn, Mg)O Single Crystalline Films Epitaxially Grown on a-Plane Sapphire Substrates (2007)

Precise X-ray diffraction analyses are performed on epitaxial ZnO and (Zn, Mg)O (0001) films with 50 nm thick cap layers grown on Sapphire (1120) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy method. The tilting of c-axis of ZnO and (Zn, Mg)O films is as small as 0.2 degree. In-plane X-ray diffraction analysis reveals directly the twisting of a-axis of films as smaller than 0.8 degree. Orientational misalignments between films and substrates are confirmed in the order of 1 degree both from out-of-plane and from In-plane Reciprocal space mapping measurements, together with the pseudomorphic coherent growth of cap layers. It is concluded that the lattice misalignment in the out-of-plane direction is affected by the miscut of substrate surface treatment.
Experimental observation of depolarized GAWBS in partially uncoated optical fibre (2017)

We observed the depolarized guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) spectrum in a highly nonlinear fibre with partially side-stripped polymer coating. The linewidth of the GAWBS spectral line at 941 MHz was measured to be 6.4 MHz, which was 0.9 times that of a coated fibre.
VERY HIGH-SPEED DRILL STRING COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK (2002)

Testing of recent upgrades to the drill pipe telemetry system in a 1000-ft vertical well has shown that the new system can achieve at least 1,000 ft passive transmission distance with sufficient bandwidth to accommodate a digital transmission rate of 2 Mbit/sec. Digitized data from a module at the bottom of the well has been successfully transmitted through the transmission line to the top of the well for a period of approximately one month. Manufacture of 30 prototype range 2 drill pipes has demonstrated greater simplicity of manufacturing and greater consistency of electrical characteristics from part to part, as compared to the first production run previously reported. Further work is needed to improve the high pressure capability of the system and to improve the robustness of the system in a high-vibration environment.
Drillstring Solutions Improve the Torque-Drag Model (2008)

Abstract The only standard drillstring model in use today is the torque-drag model, and because of the simplicity and general availability of this model, it has been used extensively for planning and in the field. Field experience indicates that this model generally gives good results for many wells, but sometimes performs poorly. In the standard torque-drag model, the drillstring shape is taken as the wellbore shape. Considering that surveys are taken within the drillstring, this is an excellent assumption. However, given that the most common method for determining the wellbore shape is the minimum curvature method, the wellbore shape is less than ideal, because the bending moment is not smooth at survey points. This defect is dealt with by neglecting bending moment, but as a result of this assumption some of the contact force will also be neglected. If the wellbore shape is the drillstring shape, why not use analytic drillstring solutions to model the wellbore trajectory? Before these solutions can properly interpolate the survey data, they require some modification. This paper shows how this can be done in a simple and efficient way, so that little of the calculation speed of the conventional model is lost. With this new wellbore model, the simple torque-drag model becomes a full stiff-string formulation. The paper gives a complete description of the wellbore trajectory calculation, including tests of circular, helical, and catenary trajectories to verify the accuracy of the formulation. Several example problems with different inclinations and wellbore curvatures are studied to compare the two torque-drag formulations. These studies give comparisons in execution time, drag forces, and torques for the two models, and for the new formulation, the magnitude of the bending moments.
Shutdown Characteristics of an Axial-Groove Liquid-Trap Heat-Pipe Thermal Diode (1982)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Sackcloth or silk? (2015)

Physical simulation and rendering of cloth is widely used in 3D graphics applications to create realistic and compelling scenes. However, cloth animation can be slow to compute and difficult to specify. In this paper, we present a set of experiments in which we explore some factors that contribute to the perception of cloth, to determine how efficiency could be improved without sacrificing realism. Using real video footage of several fabrics covering a wide range of visual appearances and dynamic behaviors, and their simulated counterparts, we explore the interplay of visual appearance and dynamics in cloth animation.
When good trigger circuits go bad: A case history (2011)

A case history is presented of an advanced latched dual time constant ESD transient trigger circuit design. An unexpected failure occurred with this design which interfered with functional operation of the device. Analysis of the failure is presented along with successful circuit fixes and techniques that ensure safe operation of these circuits.
Layered semiconductor molybdenum disulfide nanomembrane based Schottky-barrier solar cells (2012)

We demonstrate Schottky-barrier solar cells employing a stack of layer-structured semiconductor molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) nanomembranes, synthesized by the chemical-vapor-deposition method, as the critical photoactive layer. An MoS(2) nanomembrane forms a Schottky-barrier with a metal contact by the layer-transfer process onto an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. Two vibrational modes in MoS(2) nanomembranes, E(1)(2g) (in-plane) and A(1g) (perpendicular-to-plane), were verified by Raman spectroscopy. With a simple stacked structure of ITO-MoS(2)-Au, the fabricated solar cell demonstrates a photo-conversion efficiency of 0.7% for ~110 nm MoS(2) and 1.8% for ~220 nm MoS(2). The improvement is attributed to a substantial increase in photonic absorption. The MoS(2) nanomembrane exhibits efficient photo-absorption in the spectral region of 350-950 nm, as confirmed by the external quantum efficiency. A sizable increase in MoS(2) thickness results in only minor change in Mott-Schottky behavior, indicating that defect density is insensitive to nanomembrane thickness attributed to the dangling-bond-free layered structure.
<p>Combination of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer</p> (2020)

Tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy in lung cancer in recent years. To generate robust, long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses in lung cancer patients, combinational ICI therapies have been explored deeply. Conventionally, chemotherapy was considered as immunosuppressive. It is now recognized that chemotherapy could also reinstate cancer cell immune-surveillance and enable the perception of cancer cells as dangerous. That is to say that chemotherapeutic drugs are not only a source of direct cytotoxic effects but also an adjuvant for anti-tumor immunity. Recently, multiple clinical studies of ICIs combined with chemotherapeutic drugs have been explored and proved effective. However, there are still crucial questions that are not well addressed, such as the optimal dose and schedule for a given combination may differ across disease indications, and the appropriate strategy of selecting patient population that can benefit from ICIs remains unclear. To facilitate more rational lung cancer ICIs therapy development, this review summarizes the immune-regulatory effects and related mechanisms of chemotherapeutic drugs and the clinical progress of ICIs and their combination with chemotherapies in lung cancer treatment.
Detection and significance of loss of heterozygosity on 8p22 in chronic myeloid leukemia. (2009)

Objective To study the role of the loss of heterozygosity(LOH)on the chromosome 8p22 in the occurrence and development of the chronic myeloid leukemia(CML).Method The LOH was observed in two microsatellite markers including D8S511 and D8S258 on 8p22 using polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification.Result No LOH on D8S511 and D8S258 occurred in 30 CML patients at chronic phase and accelerated phase.Also,no LOH on D8S511 occurred in 4 CML patients at blast crisis except the appearance of LOH on D8S258 in one patient.None of 5 normal controls had LOH.Conclusion The LOH on D8S511 within 8p22 is not correlated with the occurrence and development of CML at all stages.The LOH on D8S258 is not correlated with the occurrence and development of CML at chronic and accelerated phase,but may play a role in the acute transformation of CML.
Storage and Querying of E-Commerce Data (2001)

New generation of e-commerce applications require data schemas that are constantly evolving and sparsely populated. The conventional horizontal row representation fails to meet these requirements. We represent objects in a vertical format storing an object as a set of tuples. Each tuple consists of an object identifier and attribute name-value pair. Schema evolution is now easy. However, writing queries against this format becomes cumbersome. We create a logical horizontal view of the vertical representation and transform queries on this view to the vertical table. We present alternative implementations and performance results that show the effectiveness of the vertical representation for sparse data. We also identify additional facilities needed in database systems to support these applications well.
Drug use in pregnancy; a point to ponder! (2009)

Pregnancy is a special physiological condition where drug treatment presents a special concern because the physiology of pregnancy affects the pharmacokinetics of medications used and certain medications can reach the fetus and cause harm. Total avoidance of pharmacological treatment in pregnancy is not possible and may be dangerous because some women enter pregnancy with medical conditions that require ongoing and episodic treatment (e.g. asthma, epilepsy, hypertension). Also during pregnancy new medical problems can develop and old ones can be exacerbated (e.g. migraine, headache) requiring pharmacological therapy. The fact that certain drugs given during pregnancy may prove harmful to the unborn child is one of the classical problems in medical treatment. In 1960's pregnant ladies who ingested thalidomide gave birth to children with phocomalia. Various other examples of teratogenic effects of drugs are known. It has been documented that congenital abnormalities caused by human teratogenic drugs account for less than 1% of total congenital abnormalities. Hence in 1979, Food and Drug Administration developed a system that determines the teratogenic risk of drugs by considering the quality of data from animal and human studies. FDA classifies various drugs used in pregnancy into five categories, categories A, B, C, D and X. Category A is considered the safest category and category X is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. This provides therapeutic guidance for the clinician. This article focuses on various aspects relating to drug use during pregnancy.
Thermal simulations of a hydrogen storage tank during fast filling (2015)

A finite element analysis is performed on the heat transfer process across the tank walls to determine the temperature distributions of hydrogen storage tanks during fast filling. The accuracy of the numerical model is shown by comparison between the experimental measurements and the computed results. A sensitivity analysis of the tank wall thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, density and heat transfer coefficient between the tank's external surface and the ambient air is carried out and the resulting effects are described. The properties of the tank's composite layer have a larger effect on the temperature history on the tank external surface than the properties of the plastic liner. The heat transfer coefficient between the tank's external surface and the environment has a negligible effect during the filling but a significant impact during the holding time. Increasing the liner thickness significantly decreases the temperature in the composite layer.
Local measurement of secondary electron emission from ZnO-coated carbon nanotubes (2006)

The secondary electron emission (SEE) of ZnO-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was measured using a biasing technique in a scanning electron microscope. The SEE yield of the ZnO-coated CNTs is higher than that of the ZnO film deposited on Si substrates. Direct observation of the variation in SEE from tip-end and non-CNT positions was demonstrated. Local measurement reveals that the SEE yield at the tip-end of the ZnO-coated CNTs is much higher than that of non-CNT positions. The enhancement of SEE is attributed to the strong local field generated at the tip of the CNTs.