gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the appropriate uses of fuzzy systems: fuzzy sliding mode position control of a switched reluctance motor (2002)

The use of switched reluctance motors in position servo applications is complicated by their non-linear torque production characteristics. In this paper, the use of fuzzy logic to overcome this problem is described. The approach taken is that of exact input-output linearisation of the non-linear motor characteristic using a fast inner control loop in conjunction with a slower outer position control loop. The application of adaptive fuzzy systems to learn the input-output linearisation characteristic for a motor has been reported previously. This paper is concerned with the design of an outer, fuzzy logic based, position control loop. Fuzzy controllers are compared and contrasted with linear controllers and with non-linear sliding mode controllers. Experimental results from a 4 kW four phase switched reluctance motor using a fuzzy controller that is equivalent to a simple sliding mode controller are presented and the applicability of fuzzy logic to this control problem is discussed.
Optimization of the route of the forest logging road (2010)

Effective forest management very much depends on the construction and maintenance of an appropriate forest road network. Road building is essential to the extraction of multiple-use forest resources; hence, roads must be designed to satisfy a whole range of needs. However, careless logging and road building have been the main causes for environmental degradation in many forest regions. The aim of this study is to optimize the forest road network so that it is aligned based on results of the determination of the Net Production Area (NPA) and the identification of harvestable trees, while being constrained by information on soil loss prediction and hydrological flow direction. In optimizing the road routing, there are several matters that have to be considered, namely that the road should be: (1) as near as possible to clusters of harvestable trees, (2) away from the rivers and their buffers, (3) avoid high erosion risk areas, and (4) avoid relatively steep land. A number of software problems are experienced in implementing this procedure, but the results obtained in this chapter show how the final timber harvesting plan might be constructed for the study area, which is ready to be implemented in the forest.
Nitrate tolerance and the links with endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress (2003)

Identification of nitric oxide as the molecule responsible for endothelial dependant vasodilatation has led to an explosion of interest in endothelial function. Oxidative stress has been identified as an important factor in the development of tolerance to organic nitrates. This review examines the evidence supporting this recently developed theory and how mechanisms of nitrate tolerance may link with the wider picture of primary nitric oxide resistance.
Design and Implementation of a Video-conference System supporting H.323 and SIP (2003)

고속통신망과 컴퓨터 기술의 발전과 함께 다양한 멀티미디어 응용 서비스가 개발되고 있다. 그 중 인터넷망에서의 영상회의 시스템은 활용도가 매우 뛰어나고 많은 관심을 받고 있으며, 이를 위하여 ITU-T H.323 및 IETF SIP 표준안이 제정되고 있다. 현재는 H.323 표준안이 많이 사용되고 있으나, 2개의 표준안이 상당기간 공존하리라 예상된다. 따라서, 두 표준안 사이에 상호운용이 필요하며, 이를 위하여 H.323-SIP 게이트웨이의 개발이 진행되고 있다. 이와는 별도로 2개의 표준안이 모두 지원되는 영상회의 시스템의 개발도 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 환경에서 영상회의 표준안인 ITU-T H.323 및 IETF SIP를 지원하는 영상회의 터미널을 구현한다. 시스템 구현시 2개의 표준안 사이의 공통부분을 최대한 사용하도록 설계하였으며, 실험을 통하여 다른 시스템과 상호운용을 만족함을 알 수 있었다. Various multimedia application services have been developed with techniques of high speed networks and computer. Among these services, a video-conference system over internet is useful and important, and its standardization has been shown in ITU-T H.323 and IETF SIP. H.323 standardization is currently used in many products, but two standardizations will coexist for a long time. Since the interoperability is needed between two standardizations, H.323-SIP gateway is developed for it. In audition, a video-conference system supporting two standardizations is necessary to be developed. We have implemented the video-conference terminal supporting both ITU-T H.323 and IETF SIP standardizations over internet. The system implementation has been designed using the common modules of two standardizations maximally, and the interoperability among different systems is satisfied through experiments.
Dynamic stress experiments for understanding hot-carrier degradation phenomena (1988)

The results of inhomogeneous hot-carrier injection experiments in which static and dynamic stresses are applied to n-MOSFETs are presented. A qualitative model in which holes play a key role for the final formation of interface states is developed. The holes are injected and trapped within the strained oxide region. The hole-injection process is controlled by hole traps in the oxide, close to the interface. With this model, a large number of dynamic and static hot-carrier stress experiments are consistently explained. Finally, a simple method by which the lifetime of a device under real operation can be predicted from dynamic stress experiments is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Statistical localization exploiting convolutional neural network for an autonomous vehicle (2015)

In this paper, we propose a self-localization method that exploits object recognition results by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for autonomous vehicles. Monte-Carlo localization (MCL) is one of the most popular localization methods that use odometry and distance sensor data for determining vehicle position. Some errors are often observed in the localization tasks and MCL often suffers from global positional errors. A global positional error means that particles representing a vehicle's position are distributed in the form of a multimodal distribution, i.e., the distribution has several peaks. To overcome this problem, we propose a method in which an autonomous vehicle employs object recognition results, obtained using CNNs, as the measurement data with a Bag-of-Features representation in an integrative manner. The semantic information found in the recognition results obtained using the CNN reduces the global errors in localization. The experimental results show that the proposed method can converge the distribution of the vehicle positions and particle orientations and reduce the global positional errors.
Perioperative management of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using the MAKO robotic arm system (MAKOplasty). (2009)

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a popular treatment for unicompartmental knee arthritis. Indications for UKA include mechanical axis of less than 10 degrees varus and less than 5 degrees valgus, intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and absence of femorotibial subluxation. Appropriately selected patients can expect UKA to last at least 10 years. UKA failures are not common and involve technical errors that are thought to be corrected with use of newly developed robotic technology. The surgeon using this technology may be able to arrive at a set target, enhance surgical precision, and avoid outliers. Whether improved precision will result in improved long-term clinical outcome remains a subject of research. In this article, we describe the perioperative management of patients who undergo UKA whether with conventional techniques or robotic arm assistance. We also describe the distinct aspects of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative pain management and of intraoperative anesthesia and blood management.
Transplantation and Tracking of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Pig Model of Myocardial Infarction (2012)

This study describes for the first time the feasibility of repeated long-term in vivo imaging of viability and tissue distribution of cellular grafts in large animals. Moreover, this is the first report demonstrating vascular differentiation and long-term engraftment of hiPSCs in a large-animal model of myocardial infarction. NIS(pos)-hiPSCs represent a valuable tool to monitor and improve current cellular treatment strategies in clinically relevant animal models.
High to very high-frequency metal/anomaly detector (2014)

Typical metal detectors work at very low to low frequencies. In this paper, a metal/anomaly detector design that operates in the high to very high frequency range is presented. This design uses a high-Q tuned loop antenna for metal/anomaly detection. By measuring the return loss or voltage standing wave ratio a frequency notch can be detected. Tuning to the optimal location of the notch can be accomplished by monitoring the phase response. This phase monitoring technique can be used to ground balance the detector. As a metal object is moved along the longitudinal axis of the loop antenna a substantial shift in the frequency of the notch is detected. For metal targets, the frequency shift is positive, and for ferrite and other targets, the frequency shift is negative. This frequency shift is created by the proximity of the target causing a change in the impedance of the antenna. Experiments with a prototype antenna show long-range detection with low power requirements. The detector requires only one loop with one winding which is used for both transmit and receive. This allows for a metal/anomaly detector with a very simple design. The design is lightweight and, depending on loop size, significantly increases detection depth performance. In the full paper, modeling and further experimental results will be presented. Performance results for various types of soil and for different types of targets are presented.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses Elicit an Attenuated Type I Interferon Response in Polarized Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (2007)

The unparalleled spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5N1 viruses has resulted in devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry and sporadic human infections with a high fatality rate. To better understand the mechanism(s) of H5N1 virus pathogenesis and host responses in humans, we utilized a polarized human bronchial epithelial cell model that expresses both avian alpha-2,3- and human alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid receptors on the apical surface and supports productive replication of both H5N1 and H3N2 viruses. Using this model, we compared the abilities of selected 2004 HPAI H5N1 viruses isolated from humans and a recent human H3N2 virus to trigger the type I interferon (IFN) response. H5N1 viruses elicited significantly less IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) nuclear translocation, as well as delayed and reduced production of IFN-beta compared with the H3N2 virus. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Stat2 and induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as MX1, ISG15, IRF7, and retinoic acid-inducible gene I, were substantially delayed and reduced in cells infected with H5N1 viruses. We also observed that the highly virulent H5N1 virus replicated more efficiently and induced a weaker IFN response than the H5N1 virus that exhibited low virulence in mammals in an earlier study. Our data suggest that the H5N1 viruses tested, especially the virus with the high-pathogenicity phenotype, possess greater capability to attenuate the type I IFN response than the human H3N2 virus. The attenuation of this critical host innate immune defense may contribute to the virulence of H5N1 viruses observed in humans.
HIERARCHICAL ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF ASYMPTOMATIC AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS GAIT PATTERNS USING A WAVELET REPRESENTATION OF KINETIC DATA AND THE NEAREST NEIGHBOR CLASSIFIER (2008)

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to develop a classification method to distinguish between asymptomatic (AS) and knee osteoarthritis (OA) gait patterns using ground reaction force (GRF) measurements, and (2) to investigate OA severity within OA gait patterns. Features were first extracted from the GRF vectors to be used for classification. We investigated a two-level hierarchical classification and analysis method using the nearest neighbor rule. At the first level, the GRF data were classified into two classes: AS and OA. At the second level, the GRF data of OA patients were classified according to the pathology severity. The OA patients were grouped into two OA severity categories according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale: KL 1 and KL 2 for one category, and KL 3 and KL 4 for the other. Experiments were conducted using data of 42 cases, 16 AS and 26 pathological. The method discriminated between AS and OA subjects with an accuracy of 38 of 42 cases, and assessed the severity correctly with an accuracy of 20 of 26 cases. These results demonstrated the validity of both, the feature and the classifier, for automatic classification of AS and knee OA gait patterns and for analysis of OA severity.
The increase of antifouling properties of ultrafiltration membrane coated by star-shaped polymers (2012)

Star-shaped polymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomers and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as a core material. Linear copolymers from PEGMA and MMA were also prepared for comparison purposes. Polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes coated with the star-shaped polymer showed larger fouling resistance and flux recovery than those coated with the linear-shaped polymer. The improved antifouling properties of the star-shaped polymer compared with those of the linear polymer were ascribed to its larger oxygen to carbon ratio and smaller interactive forces with proteins.
System-level power optimization of special purpose applications (1997)

Article Free Access Share on System-level power optimization of special purpose applications: the beach solution Authors: Luca Benini Stanford University, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford, CA Stanford University, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford, CAView Profile , Giovanni De Micheli Stanford University, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford, CA Stanford University, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford, CAView Profile , Enrico Macii Politecnico di Torino, Dip. di Automatica e Informatica, Torino, Italy 10129 Politecnico di Torino, Dip. di Automatica e Informatica, Torino, Italy 10129View Profile , Massimo Poncino Politecnico di Torino, Dip. di Automatica e Informatica, Torino, Italy 10129 Politecnico di Torino, Dip. di Automatica e Informatica, Torino, Italy 10129View Profile , Stefano Quer Politecnico di Torino, Dip. di Automatica e Informatica, Torino, Italy 10129 Politecnico di Torino, Dip. di Automatica e Informatica, Torino, Italy 10129View Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '97: Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Low power electronics and designAugust 1997 Pages 24–29https://doi.org/10.1145/263272.263277Published:01 August 1997Publication History 33citation259DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations33Total Downloads259Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Influence of increased membrane cholesterol on membrane fluidity and cell function in human red blood cells (1978)

Abstract Cholesterol and phospholipid are the two major lipids of the red cell membrane. Cholesterol is insoluble in water but is solubilized by phospholipids both in membranes and in plasma lipoproteins. Morever, cholesterol exchanges between membranes and lipoproteins. An equilibrium partition is established based on the amount of cholesterol relative to phospholipid (C/PL) in these two compartments. Increases in the C/PL of red cell membranes have been studied under three conditions: First, spontaneous increases in vivo have been observed in the spur red cells of patients with severe liver disease; second, similar red cell changes in vivo have been induced by the administration of cholesterol‐enriched diets to rodents and dogs; third, increases in membrane cholesterol have been induced in vitro by enriching the C/PL of the lipoprotein environment with cholesterol‐phospholipid dispersions (liposomes) having a C/PL of >1.0. In each case, there is a close relationship between the C/PL of the plasma environment and the C/PL of the red cell membrane. In vivo, the C/PL mole ratio of red cell membranes ranges from a normal value of 0.9–1.0 to values which approach but do not reach 2.0. In vitro, this ratio approaches 3.0. Cholesterol enrichment of red cell membranes directly influences membrane lipid fluidity, as assessed by the rotational diffusion of hydrophobic fluorescent probes such as diphenyl hexatriene (DPH). A close correlation exists between increases in red cell membrane C/PL and decreases in membrane fluidity over the range of membrane C/PL from 1.0 to 2.0; however, little further change in fluidity occurs when membrane C/PL is increased to 2.0–3.0. Cholesterol enrichment of red cell membranes is associated with the transformation of cell contour to one which is redundant and folded, and this is associated with a decrease in red cell filterability in vitro. Circulation in vivo in the presence of the slpeen further modifies cell shape to a spiny, irregular (spur) form, and the survival of cholesterol‐rich red cells is decreased in the presence of the spleen. Although active Na‐K transport is not influenced by cholesterol enrichment of human red cells, several carrier‐mediated transport pathways are inhibited. We have demonstrated this effect for the cotransport of Na + K and similar results have been obtained by others in studies of organic acid transport and the transport of small neutral molecules such as erythritol and glycerol. Thus, red cell membrane C/PL is sensitive to the C/PL of the plasma environment. Increasing membrane C/PL causes a decrease in membrane fluidity, and these changes are associated with a reduction in membrane permeability, a distortion of cell contour and filterability and a shortening of the survival of redcells in vivo.
A Review of Instrumentation Technology for the Minnesota Road Research Project (1992)

This report presents a literature review of instrumentation practices for the measurement of stresses, strains,\nand deflections in pavement structures. Various types of instruments that are commonly employed in\npavement instrumentation projects are discussed, as well as the factors that influence their performance. In\na series of laboratory experiments, the performance of three different types of embedment strain gages, two\nLVDTs, and one soil stress cell are investigated. These experiments are designed to evaluate the accuracy\nand durability of commercially available transducers. For strain gages, the selection of an appropriate\ntransducer must balance compliance and measurement sensitivity. All of the strain gages tested in concrete\ngave reasonable results. It was found that hermetically sealed LVDTs should be sufficient enough for robust\ninstallations. Experiments with soil stress cells embedded in sand indicate the variability that may be expected\nin the field due to installation procedures, and emphasize the need for in-soil calibrations. A set of\nrecommendations are provided with respect tot the sensor procurement and installation specifications for\nMn/ROAD.
Preparation of Microscopic and Planar Oil−Water Interfaces That Are Decorated with Prescribed Densities of Insoluble Amphiphiles (2008)

Langmuir monolayers (monolayers of insoluble molecules formed at the surface of water), and associated Langmuir-Blodgett/Schaefer monolayers prepared by transfer of Langmuir films to the surfaces of solids, are widely used in studies aimed at understanding the physicochemical properties of biological and synthetic molecules at interfaces. In this article, we report a general and facile procedure that permits transfer of Langmuir monolayers from the surface of water onto microscopic and planar interfaces between oil and aqueous phases. In these experiments, a metallic grid supported on a hydrophobic solid is used to form oil films with thicknesses of 20 mum and interfacial areas of 280 mum x 280 mum. Passage of the supported oil films through a Langmuir monolayer is shown to lead to quantitative transfer of insoluble amphiphiles onto the oil-water interfaces. The amphiphile-decorated oil-water interfaces hosted within the metallic grids (i) are approximately planar, (ii) are sufficiently robust mechanically so as to permit further characterization of the interfaces outside of the Langmuir trough, (iii) can be prepared with prescribed and well-defined densities of amphiphiles, and (iv) require only approximately 200 nL of oil to prepare. The utility of this method is illustrated for the case of the liquid crystalline oil 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). Transfer of monolayers of either dilauroyl- or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC and DPPC, respectively) to the nematic 5CB-aqueous interface is demonstrated by epifluorescence imaging of fluorescently labeled lipid and polarized light imaging of the orientational order within the thin film of nematic 5CB. Interfaces prepared in this manner are used to reveal key differences between the density-dependent phase properties of DLPC and DPPC monolayers formed at air-water as compared to that of nematic 5CB-aqueous interfaces. The methodology described in this article should be broadly useful in advancing studies of the interfacial behavior of synthetic and biological molecules at liquid-liquid interfaces.
Structure and Analysis of Gas-liquid Mixture Flow (1980)

Slip between phases can be accurately observed with void probes, and is here incorporated into simplified general equations for stagnation pressure rise, frictional pipe flow characteristics and waterhammer pressure rise.
Multilayer sheets for thermoforming non thermoformable polymers (2021)

Multilayer sheets were used for thermoforming non thermoformable polymers in order to face the challenge of semi-crystalline polymers like low melt-stiffness. Mono- and 2-layer sheets consisting of different polypropylene (PP) homopolymers were extruded on a twin screw extruder. The PP viscosity as was measured by melt flow rate (MFR) 3 g/10 min., 12 g/10 min., 22 g/10 min. and 50 g/10 min. The layer ratio was varied between the equal layer ratio (A50/B50) of the individual layers and the low (A30/B70) or high viscosity ratio (A70/B30). The extrusion results show that for extreme viscosity differences (MFR3 and MFR50), the critical layer ratios known from the literature are only valid to a limited extent. The critical viscosity ratio < 4, which is known from the literature, is much lower here and should be less than 3. The investigation of thermoformability on laboratory scale of the extruded PP sheets with different viscosities showed that the low viscous layer position has only a marginal influence on the general thermoformability. Thermoforming of materials that are not thermoformable, with a storage modulus of less than 10³ Pa and a ratio between storage and loss modulus (tan δ) greater than 1, becomes possible using a multilayer sheet independant of the layer ratio. If the layer with higher viscosity acts as a stabilizing layer, thermoforming is possible.
Representation, classification and modelling of graphs for efficient pattern recognition in line images (2003)

Improvement of graph matching by a start condition parser is discussed, which arranges the dynamic lists into a hierarchical tree structure, using general topological criteria. The reference graphs of the symbols are generated by another parser, which interprets a model description language. Applications are in the processing of technical drawings. For example, in a circuit diagram, component symbols would be recognised and treated separately from connecting lines. The performance gain over known algorithms exceeds a factor of about ten in experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>