gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency and temperature tests for lateral nonuniformities in MIS capacitors (1977)

Interface states and lateral nonuniformities produce very similar abnormalities in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> curves of MIS capacitors. Two <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> techniques are presented here to aid in distinguishing between them. The first technique is based on the frequency dependence of the interface-state capacitance and utilizes the resulting frequency dispersion of the "high-frequency" capacitance in the depletion regime, which occurs in a frequency range typically between a few hundred Hz and 1 MHz. The second method utilizes a freeze-in of carriers in the interface states at liquid nitrogen temperature. A sweep of bias from accumulation into deep depletion at low temperature produces a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> characteristic which, when compared with the corresponding ideal characteristic for the same semiconductor doping profile, reveals the presence of lateral nonuniformities. A complementary test is provided by temporary illumination of the deep-depleted structure followed by a sweep of bias from inversion into accumulation. A ledge in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> characteristic reveals the presence of interface states in the central half of the bandgap.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of a Physically and Chemically Gelling Polymer System Using Poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-acrylate) and Poly(NIPAAm-co-cysteamine) (2011)

The aim of this work was to develop a simultaneous physically and chemically gelling system using NIPAAm co-polymers. The in situ polymer gel was obtained by synthesizing poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMAacrylate) and poly(NIPAAm-co-cysteamine) through free radical polymerization and further nucleophilic substitution. The purpose of the dual gelation is that physical gelation would take place at higher temperatures as the NIPAAm chains associate, while chemical gelation would occur through a Michael-type addition reaction, resulting in a cross-link forming through a nucleophilic attack of the thiolate on the acrylate. The structure of each co-polymer was then verified using (1)H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The corresponding lower critical solution temperature and phase transition behavior of each co-polymer was analyzed through cloud point and DSC, while mechanical properties were investigated through rheology. Swelling behavior was also monitored at different temperatures. The resulting polymer system demonstrated properties compatible with physiological conditions, forming a gel at pH 7.4 and at temperatures near body temperature. The hydrogel also showed reduced viscoelastic flow at low frequency stress, and increased strength than purely physical or chemical gels. Swelling behavior was determined to be temperature-dependent; however, no difference was observed in swelling percent beyond 48 h. Having the ability to alter these co-polymers through various synthesis parameters and techniques, this hydrogel can potentially be used as an injectable, waterborne gelling material for biomedical applications such as endovascular embolization.
Mechanisms of Suppression Used by Regulatory T Cells in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2008)

Abstract An elevated frequency of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg) has been reported in the peripheral blood in patients with various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Although the increase in Treg seems to be a characteristic feature of most tumors, the functional role of Treg and the mechanisms of suppression, especially in patients with hematologic malignancies, have been less well defined. We investigated Treg-mediated suppression and the responsible mechanisms in thirty newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients prior to any treatment and twenty five healthy donors (NC). The percentage of circulating CD4+ CD25high Treg was higher (p &lt;0.0001) in the AML patients (4.5 ±0.2%, range 1.7–8.2%) compared to NC (1.5 ± 0.08%, range 0.9–3.1 %). To evaluate the suppressive function, CD4+CD25high T cells (S) were co-cultured with sorted, CFSE-labeled autologous CD4+CD25high T cells (R) at different S/R ratios. Suppression mediated by Treg co-incubated with proliferating autologous responders was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in AML than that mediated by control Treg. To evaluate the role of cytokines produced by Treg in suppression and a need for cell-to- cell contact, transwell analysis of S/R co-cultures was performed. Co-incubation in the presence of transwell inserts (TRI) resulted in significant reduction of suppression (p&lt;0.05), and the addition of neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the presence of TRI further decreased suppression mediated by Treg. These data suggest that both immunoinhibitory cytokine production and cell-to-cell contact are necessary for suppression. To explore other potential mechanisms of Treg suppression, we evaluated the expression by Treg of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and the capability of Treg to produce adenosine. CD4+CD25high T cells of AML patients had higher expression (p&lt;0.01) of CD39 and more efficiently hydrolyzed ATP to adenosine relative to Treg in NC. These data indicate that various mechanisms of suppression may be utilized by Treg in patients with AML. The increase frequency of Treg mediating potent suppression by various mechanisms is likely to play a role in host anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, modulation of the frequency and functions of Treg might provide new immunotherapeutic approaches in AML.
Purification and properties of a membrane-bound lytic transglycosylase from Escherichia coli (1994)

A membrane-bound lytic transglycosylase (Mlt) has been solubilized in the presence of 2% Triton X-100 containing 0.5 M NaCl from membranes of an Escherichia coli mutant that carries a deletion in the slt gene coding for a 70-kDa soluble lytic transglycosylase (Slt70). The enzyme was purified by a four-step procedure including anion-exchange (HiLoad SP-Sepharose and MonoS), heparin-Sepharose, and poly(U)-Sepharose 4B column chromatography. The purified protein that migrated during denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band corresponding to an apparent molecular mass of about 38 kDa is referred to as Mlt38. Optimal activity was found in buffers with a pH between 4.0 and 4.5. The enzyme is stimulated by a factor of 2.5 in the presence of Mg2+ at a concentration of 10 mM and loses its activity rapidly at temperatures above 30 degrees C. Besides insoluble murein sacculi, the enzyme was able to degrade glycan strands isolated from murein by amidase treatment. The enzymatic reaction occurred with a maximal velocity of about 2.2 mg/liter/min with murein sacculi as a substrate. The amino acid sequences of four proteolytic peptides showed no identity with known sequences in the data bank. With Mlt38, the number of proteins in E. coli showing lytic transglycosylase activity rises to three.
Infantile Cobalamin Deficiency with Cerebral Lactate Accumulation and Sustained Choline Depletion (2003)

A remarkable, intermittent sudden-onset vigilance and movement disorder in an exclusively breast-fed infant is reported, which was caused by cobalamin depletion due to maternal vitamin B12 malabsorption. The lack of cobalamin caused a severe encephalopathy in the infant, whose brain displayed a striking loss of volume and a delay of myelination. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed an accumulation of lactate in the gray and white matter of the brain and a sustained depletion of choline-containing compounds in the white matter, reflecting a reversible disturbance of oxidative energy metabolism in brain cells and a long-lasting hypomyelination disorder. The clinical picture in conjunction with MRI and spectroscopic data of this case study yields more insight into the functions of cobalamin in the cerebral metabolism.
Trusted display and input using screen overlays (2017)

Consumer Operating Systems, such as Android are often used in mobile devices to handle secure information, such as for example logging in to an online banking service. These operating systems are difficult to fully secure, especially because they can run applications outside of the control of the vendor. Certifying such devices is expensive and time consuming. Various software techniques, such as for instance SELinux access policies are used to limit access to secure features for untrusted applications. A different approach is to use a physically separate processor, running a simpler, and therefore easier to verify and certify, OS. This OS can overlay information on the screen, which can never be altered by the untrusted OS. The overlay is created using an FPGA which sits between the processor and display, thereby ensuring that the information is never seen, and cannot be altered, by the untrusted processor.
Preparation of α-mannoside hydrogel and electrical detection of saccharide-protein interactions using the smart gel-modified gate field effect transistor (2012)

The purpose of this study was to detect saccharide-protein interaction capitalizing on the gel-modified field effect transistor [FET]. A lectin-sensitive polymer gel that undergoes volume changes in response to the formation of molecular complex between 'pendant' carbohydrate and a 'target' lectin concanavalin A [Con A] was synthesized. It was revealed that direction and magnitude of the gel response (swelling or deswelling) could be readily designed depending on composition and network density of the gel. The Con A-sensitive polymer gel has shown the ability to transduce the detection of saccharide-protein interactions into electrical signals for FET.PACS: 87.85.jf, bio-based materials.
Reputation and social network analysis in multi-agent systems (2002)

The use of previous direct interactions is probably the best way to calculate a reputation but, unfortunately this information is not always available. This is especially true in large multi-agent systems where interaction is scarce. In this paper we present a reputation system that takes advantage, among other things, of social relations between agents to overcome this problem.
Probe mapping to facilitate transposon-based DNA sequencing. (1990)

A promising strategy for DNA sequencing exploits transposons to provide mobile sites for the binding of sequencing primers. For such a strategy to be maximally efficient, the location and orientation of the transposon must be readily determined and the insertion sites should be randomly distributed. We demonstrate an efficient probe-based method for the localization and orientation of transposon-borne primer sites, which is adaptable to large-scale sequencing strategies. This approach requires no prior restriction enzyme mapping or knowledge of the cloned sequence and eliminates the inefficiency inherent in totally random sequencing methods. To test the efficiency of probe mapping, 49 insertions of the transposon gamma delta (Tn1000) in a cloned fragment of Drosophila melanogaster DNA were mapped and oriented. In addition, oligonucleotide primers specific for unique subterminal gamma delta segments were used to prime dideoxynucleotide double-stranded sequencing. These data provided an opportunity to rigorously examine gamma delta insertion sites. The insertions were quite randomly distributed, even though the target DNA fragment had both A + T-rich and G + C-rich regions; in G + C-rich DNA, the insertions were found in A + T-rich "valleys." These data demonstrate that gamma delta is an excellent choice for supplying mobile primer binding sites to cloned DNA and that transposon-based probe mapping permits the sequences of large cloned segments to be determined without any subcloning.
CHARGE STATES OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND CORRELATIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE INTENSITIES (1991)

A possible ionic charge state distributions of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, Sand Fe in solar energetic particle events is presented in this paper. The number of different ionic orders in the distributions of elements increases with the elemental mass except for He. The correlations between the mean particle intensities for the elements as a function of mean intensities of Cin the energy range 2-3 MeV per nucleon can be explainel in terms of the increase of ionic-order number with mass for the elements. The ionic charge states cannot be explained in a model in which the coronal temperature determines a charge equilibrium. It is concluded that ionic charges of solar energtic particles can be produced in a solar flaring region rather than in an interplanetary shock region.
Enhanced channel coding using source criteria in speech coders (2002)

Spectral efficiency is deemed highly desirable in many digital voice communication systems. This has largely been achieved by using bit reduced representations of speech signals through advanced speech coding techniques. Transmission errors pose a threat to the quality of voice service in these systems. Forward error correction (FEC) coding techniques is often used to curb the effects of channel impairments, but the performance is limited to bandwidth limitations. This can result in a rapid decline of the speech quality as the effects of the channel impairments increase. We describe a technique for further improving the FEC performance without additional spectral requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis Of Phosphate In Wastewater Using An Autonomous Microfluidics-Based Analyser (2009)

A portable sensor for the analysis of phosphate in aqueous samples has been developed. The sensor incorporates microfluidic technology, colorimetric detection, and wireless communications into a compact and rugged portable device. The detection method used is the molybdenum yellow method, in which a phosphate-containing sample is mixed with a reagent containing ammonium metavanadate and ammonium molybdate in an acidic medium. A yellow-coloured compound is generated and the absorption of this compound is measured using a light emitting diode (LED) light source and a photodiode detector. The absorption is directly proportional to the phosphate concentration in the original sample. In this paper we describe the application of this phosphate sensor to the analysis of wastewater at a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Design and realization of GPS and GIS integration technology in wetland study (2004)

Discusses some important problems in applying integration technology of GPS (Global Positioning System) and GIS (Geographical Information System) to wetland study. The study focuses on both dynamic data exchange of GPS and GIS technology and wetland resource investigation on current status using information integration technology of GPS and GIS. Study points' position in subject digital maps can be displayed and tracked using GPS and GIS integration technology. Ecological environment changes can be found. The GPS study points' position information and satellite status data can be displayed and be used to update the wetland database. GPS data communication technology, positioning data process method and data display techniques are presented in This work. A special resolving method, flow charts and the data processing method are discussed in detail. The GIS platform is Arc/Info 8.2 of ESRI. The data communication is realized by using MSComm Control. The study is undertaken on Zhalong Wetland, Qiqihaer City, Heilongjiang Province, China. The result of practice proves that the integration technology of GIS and GPS can orient changed areas accurately and reflect the current situation and historical background of wetland comprehensively. It is an efficient method in dynamic analysis of wetland protection and is helpful in trend prediction of wetland for the sustainable development of regional economy. It offers basic data for some macro adjustments and government policy.
TV 리얼리티 여행 프로그램의 시청동기가 시청만족도 및 방문의도에 미치는 영향 연구 (2018)

소비자들은 저비용 항공의 출범과 해외여행에 대한 인식의 변화에 의하여 새로운 예능 방식을 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 리얼리티 여행 예능 프로그램의 시청동기(문화정보성, 오락성, 사회교류, 여가시간이용)가 시청만족도 및 방문의도에 미치는 영향과 시청자의 여행관여도의 정도에 따라 어떠한 영향 관계가 나타나는지에 대한 연구를 하고자 함에 목적이 있다....
Survivable communication concept via multiple low Earth-orbiting satellites (1989)

An overview of a reliable cross-link communication system using multiple low-Earth-orbit satellites is presented, covering the overall network concept, data packet routing, communication techniques including antenna subsystems, communication parameter tradeoffs, signal processing, and the overall radio design concept definition. The critical issue addressed is the maximum cross-link distance coverage obtained under stressed conditions by utilizing an optimal coding technique for a given prime power of the satellite.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clustered Distributed Index for Efficient Text Retrieval Using Threads (2010)

In this research paper, a novel method of improving the clustered distributed indices for efficient text retrieval using threads is presented. In text retrieval, text search refers to a technique of searching stored document or database. In a full text search, the search engine examines all the words in every stored document as it tries to match search words supplied by the user. When dealing with a small number of documents, the full-text search engine performs a serial scan, where it directly scans the contents of the documents with each query. When the number of documents to search is potentially large or the quantity of search queries to perform is substantial, the problem of full text search is often divided into two tasks, viz., indexing and searching. The indexing stage scans for text of all the documents and builds a list of search terms, often called an index. In the search stage, when performing a specific query, only the index is referenced rather than the text of the original documents. Considering all the above mentioned criterias, this paper aims at improving the search time on the index, by clustering the index. Threads are used to perform a parallel search on each of these clusters. The algorithm developed in C has been tested on various sizes of data and queries and compared with the sequential search method. The depicted results shown in the result section clearly show that this approach improves the search time significantly & the method proposed shows the efficacy, effectiveness, which can be further implemented for real time applications.
Effect of Polyamine-Induced Compaction and Aggregation of DNA on the Formation of Radiation-Induced Strand Breaks: Quantitative Models for Cellular Radiation Damage (1997)

The yield of DNA single-strand breaks, G(SSB), upon gamma irradiation of SV40 DNA and SV40 minichromosomes in aqueous solution under aerobic conditions was determined at physiological ionic strength in the presence of various potential radioprotective agents. Putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), glutathione, trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane, 2-mercaptoethyl disulfide and cystamine, all at 0.1-10 mM, spermine (SPM, 0.1-1 mM) and WR-33278 (WRSSWR, 0.1-2 mM) lowered G(SSB) of SV40 DNA. These results were expected from the ability of these agents to scavenge OH radical in the bulk solution. However, SPD, above 10 mM, and SPM and WRSSWR, each above 2 mM, produced dramatic radioprotection attributed to polyamine-induced compaction and aggregation of the DNA (PICA effect). The DNA of SV40 minichromosomes was inherently less radiosensitive and was subject to a PICA effect at lower polyamine concentrations, i.e. approximately 5 mM SPD, approximately 0.6 mM SPM and approximately 0.5 mM WRSSWR. The PICA effect decreased G(SSB) for SV40 DNA and minichromosomes by one to two orders of magnitude, depending upon the scavenging capacity of the medium. The final yields were similar for SV40 DNA and minichromosomes and were comparable to the corresponding yield determined for cells. Results for the yield of double-strand breaks indicated that the yield of double-strand breaks, G(DSB), for DNA and minichromosomes is subject to a PICA effect by SPM and SPD comparable to that measured for G(SSB). Values of G(SSB) for SV40 DNA and minichromosomes subjected to the PICA effect were well approximated by calculations based upon a 30-nm cylinder assumed to model their condensed states. The results indicate that a major fraction of the formation of SSBs in condensed DNA and minichromosomes results from nonscavengeable radical intermediates. Minichromosomes subjected to the PICA effect of 2 mM SPM were protected against formation of radiation-induced SSBs 1.5-fold by 20 mM DTT but 5-fold by 10 mM DTT plus 10 mM WR-1065 relative to 2 mM SPM alone. Thus WR-1065 is capable of providing marked protection of compacted and aggregated minichromosomes, a protection ascribed to the chemical repair of DNA radicals by WR-1065.
La objeción de conciencia del farmacéutico-sanitaria: fundamento, límites y reconocimiento constitucional (2020)

La presente investigacion afronta el estudio del derecho a la objecion de conciencia en Espana en el ambito de las profesiones relacionadas con las ciencias de la salud y mas especificamente de los farmaceuticos, haciendo un recorrido por el desarrollo historico-legislativo y jurisprudencial de este derecho, con especial enfasis en la proteccion de su dimension constitucional, refiriendo las aportaciones doctrinales mas relevantes en una materia que, por las profundas divergencias que suscita, se manifiestan dificilmente conciliables. Con esta finalidad se aborda el reconocimiento de la objecion de conciencia en nuestro ordenamiento como un derecho constitucional que deriva de la libertad ideologica y religiosa reconocida como fundamental en el art. 16 CE. Asimismo, se estudia el cumplimiento por el legislador de la prevision constitucional del art. 30.2 CE respecto a su desarrollo normativo, asi como la proteccion que le corresponde cuando no existe tal regulacion expresa. El analisis se extiende igualmente a la cobertura que se brinda a este derecho en el ambito institucional de las profesiones sanitarias en su correspondiente normativa deontologica. Y, finalmente, se trata la colision entre la obligacion de dispensacion del farmaceutico y el ejercicio de la objecion desde le perspectiva jurisprudencial, tomando como referencia los tres recursos planteados hasta el momento en nuestro pais -en los que el autor de esta tesis tuvo la oportunidad de asumir la direccion letrada-, valorando en detalle la importante sentencia dictada por el Tribunal Constitucional en junio de 2015, siendo este su primer y unico pronunciamiento sobre esta controvertida materia.
Blood platelets contain tumor-derived RNA biomarkers (2011)

Diagnostic platforms providing biomarkers that are highly predictive for diagnosing, monitoring, and stratifying cancer patients are key instruments in the development of personalized medicine. We demonstrate that tumor cells transfer (mutant) RNA into blood platelets in vitro and in vivo, and show that blood platelets isolated from glioma and prostate cancer patients contain the cancer-associated RNA biomarkers EGFRvIII and PCA3, respectively. In addition, gene-expression profiling revealed a distinct RNA signature in platelets from glioma patients compared with normal control subjects. Because platelets are easily accessible and isolated, they may form an attractive platform for the companion diagnostics of cancer.
Covid-19: WHO and China acted too slowly in early days of pandemic, says report (2021)

WHO and China acted too slowly in early days of pandemic, says report Elisabeth MahaseThe World Health Organization was slow to act when SARS-CoV-2 emerged and should have declared a pandemic sooner to ensure countries understood the gravity of the situation, a panel of experts has concluded.