gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poster abstract: Ubiquitous writer: Robust text input for small mobile devices via acoustic sensing (2018)

Efficient typing or text-input on mobile devices such as smart-phones and wearables is a long standing problem, due to miniature touch screen on the devices. Recently, touchscreen-free solutions leveraging on acoustic sensing have been proposed, with the advantage of low cost and ubiquitous availability. However, existing solutions usually require people to write in print-style, and more importantly they are highly vulnerable to environment change, i.e., they need repetitive training upon slight deviation of writing place or device locations. Therefore, they are far from practical usage. In this paper, we propose a novel acoustic based input system called UbiWriter, which can recognize free-style handwriting with high robustness, i.e., one time training and writing other where. UbiWriter is built on a new letter recognition principle, which treats the acoustic signal generated by letter writing on hard surfaces as a complete trajectory, and then distill recognition feature from the trajectory, which is highly resilient to environment change. For the actual realization of the principle, we adopt and synthesize multiple techniques including dynamic time wrapping based letter alignment, k-Nearest Neighbor letter classification and language structure driven word recognition. Extensive experiment results demonstrate that UbiWriter outperforms state-of-the-art under various practical settings.
Why Cholesterol Measurements May be Misleading about Lipoprotein Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk – Clinical Implications of Lipoprotein Quantification Using NMR Spectroscopy/Warum Cholesterin bei der Beurteilung von Lipoprotein-Konzentrationen und kardiovaskulärem Risiko in die Irre führt – Klinische Implikationen der Lipoproteinqualifizierung mittels NMR-Spektroskopie (2002)

Article Why Cholesterol Measurements May be Misleading about Lipoprotein Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk – Clinical Implications of Lipoprotein Quantification Using NMR Spectroscopy/Warum Cholesterin bei der Beurteilung von Lipoprotein-Konzentrationen und kardiovaskulärem Risiko in die Irre führt – Klinische Implikationen der Lipoproteinqualifizierung mittels NMR-Spektroskopie was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal Journal of Laboratory Medicine (volume 26, issue 11-12).
Scalable RFID systems: a privacy-preserving protocol with constant-time identification (2010)

In RFID literature, most “privacy-preserving” protocols require the reader to search all tags in the system in order to identify a single tag. In another class of protocols, the search complexity is reduced to be logarithmic in the number of tags, but it comes with two major drawbacks: it requires a large communication overhead over the fragile wireless channel, and the compromise of a tag in the system reveals secret information about other, uncompromised, tags in the same system. In this work, we take a different approach to address time-complexity of private identification in large-scale RFID systems. We utilize the special architecture of RFID systems to propose the first symmetric-key privacy-preserving authentication protocol for RFID systems with constant-time identification. Instead of increasing communication overhead, the existence of a large storage device in RFID systems, the database, is utilized for improving the time efficiency of tag identification.
Blue-Violet Laser Write-Once Optical Disc with Spin-Coated Dye-Based Recording Layer (2003)

Jitter of 9.8% with conventional equalizer and 6.3% with limit equalizer have been achieved on a 23.3GB blue-violet laser write-once optical disc with a recording layer formed by spin coating with a dye-based solution. The disc is composed of a polycarbonate substrate, a reflective layer, a dye-coated recording layer, a bonding layer, and a polycarbonate protective sheet. Cavities formed in the marks during recording result in large changes in refractive index for superior signal amplitude.
Development of a Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Probe for Hydrogen Peroxide (2011)

Hydrogen peroxide is believed to play a role in cellular signal transduction by reversible oxidation of proteins. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel fluorescence probe for hydrogen peroxide, utilizing a photoinduced electron transfer strategy based on benzil chemistry to control the fluorescence. The practical value of this highly sensitive and selective fluorescence probe, NBzF, was confirmed by its application to imaging of hydrogen peroxide generation in live RAW 264.7 macrophages. NBzF was also employed for live cell imaging of hydrogen peroxide generated as a signaling molecule in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells.
TOCCATA: A Customized Carbon Total Correlation Spectroscopy NMR Metabolomics Database (2012)

A customized metabolomics NMR database, TOCCATA, is introduced, which uses (13)C chemical shift information for the reliable identification of metabolites, their spin systems, and isomeric states. TOCCATA, whose information was derived from the BMRB and HMDB databases and the literature, currently contains 463 compounds and 801 spin systems, and it can be used through a publicly accessible web server. TOCCATA allows the identification of metabolites in the submillimolar concentration range from (13)C-(13)C total correlation spectroscopy experiments of complex mixtures, which is demonstrated for an Escherichia coli cell lysate, a carbohydrate mixture, and an amino acid mixture, all of which were uniformly (13)C-labeled.
Crystal Distortion of Submicron Sr-Ferrite Particles by Milling (1994)

Submicron-size particles of M-type Sr ferrite were obtained from fine Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and precipitated SrCO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . The magnetic properties of the powder were σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> =71 emu/g and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cJ</sub> =5.5 kOe. The Hc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</sub> of the powder was reduced to less than 40% of its initial value by dry vibration milling. SEM observations showed that the primary particle size distribution was not much different from that in the initial state. Crystal distortion was determined by X-ray diffraction studies, using the method of Warren and Averbach. The torque curve of the milled powder was measured using a highly sensitive torque magnetometer. The dependence of K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> on the measuring magnetic field was increased with milling-induced crystal distortion. The Mössbauer absorption effect was also measured. submicron particles were analyzed in comparison with coarse Sr ferrite particles (3 μm) by a conventional breaking-down process.
Structure-based inhibitors of amyloid beta core suggest a common interface with tau (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of tau. Aβ aggregation is thought to occur at early stages of the disease, and ultimately gives way to the formation of tau tangles which track with cognitive decline in humans. Here, we report the crystal structure of an Aβ core segment determined by MicroED and in it, note characteristics of both fibrillar and oligomeric structure. Using this structure, we designed peptide-based inhibitors that reduce Aβ aggregation and toxicity of already-aggregated species. Unexpectedly, we also found that these inhibitors reduce the efficiency of Aβ-mediated tau aggregation, and moreover reduce aggregation and self-seeding of tau fibrils. The ability of these inhibitors to interfere with both Aβ and tau seeds suggests these fibrils share a common epitope, and supports the hypothesis that cross-seeding is one mechanism by which amyloid is linked to tau aggregation and could promote cognitive decline.
Modeling and control of magnetorheological dampers for seismic response reduction (1996)

Control of civil engineering structures for earthquake hazard mitigation represents a relatively new area of research that is growing rapidly. Control systems for these structures have unique requirements and constraints. For example, during a severe seismic event, the external power to a structure may be severed, rendering control schemes relying on large external power supplies ineffective. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are a new class of devices that mesh well with the requirements and constraints of seismic applications, including having very low power requirements. This paper proposes a clipped-optimal control strategy based on acceleration feedback for controlling MR dampers to reduce structural responses due to seismic loads. A numerical example, employing a newly developed model that accurately portrays the salient characteristics of the MR dampers, is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
The potential of heat shock protein-peptide complexes as a therapeutic HIV vaccine. (2005)

HIV evades host immune responses through multiple mechanisms including high mutation rate, downregulation of host-cell, HLA class I molecules and depletion of key immune cells. Accordingly, an effective therapeutic vaccine approach to controlling HIV infection will nost likely need to modulate several pathways of both the innate and adaptive immune system. We propose the use of heat shock protein-peptide complexes (HSPPCs) to address this challenge. HSPPCs have been tested for 10 years in cancer patients with signals of clinical activity in phase I and II trials, and the results of two randomised phase III trials are anticipated in the near future. As the cancer setting can also be considered one of chronic disease, the rationale for using HSPPCs to treat HIV infection is clear. Several types of HSPPC vaccines that may be manufactured for testing in HIV-positive patients are discussed, including generation of an autologous vaccine derived from peripheral blood monloonuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected individuals.
A supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on biological subtypes (2008)

11008 Background: The biological subtypes of breast cancer designated as Luminal A (LumA), Luminal B (LumB), HER2, and Basal have shown prognostic significance. However, risk predictors based on these gene expression profiles have been difficult to clinically implement. Recognizing that there is a continuum in both the spectrum of breast cancer disease and the risk of survival, we sought to develop a supervised risk classier within the context of biological subtypes of breast cancer. Methods: Microarray and real-time quantitative RT-PCR data from 189 samples, procured as fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, were used to statistically select prototypes for the biological subtypes of breast cancer. Classification algorithms were developed using 4 independent breast microarray studies consisting of 1,244 cases. A final test set prediction was done using real-time quantitative RT-PCR data generated on a cohort of 279 breast cancers archived for a median of 20.1 years. Results: The biological subtypes predicted on the combined training set showed prognostic significance in all stages of disease (1,244 subjects; p=7.1e-14), node negative disease with no adjuvant systemic therapy (733 subjects; p=6.2e-7), and in patients treated with endocrine therapy (404 subjects; p=1.3e-3). Basal tumors identified using the 50-gene breast classifier had a more complete response to chemotherapy as compared to the same cohort scored as triple negatives. An additional cohort of 279 heterogeneously treated samples was collected from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. Our risk predictor based on distance to subtype centroids provided additional prognostic information and has a linear relationship to prognosis across diverse cohorts. Conclusions: We present an objective method to predict subtypes of breast cancer and generate a continuous risk score based on biological subtypes. The standardized assay can be performed on archived tissue blocks using real-time qRT-PCR, allowing retrospective cohorts and clinical samples to be tested within the framework of specimen processing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Universtiy Genomics
Tissue-specific activation of gene expression by the Synergistic Activation Mediator (SAM) CRISPRa system in mice (2021)

CRISPR-based transcriptional activation is a powerful tool for functional gene interrogation; however, delivery difficulties have limited its applications in vivo. Here, we created a mouse model expressing all components of the CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNA-directed Synergistic Activation Mediator (SAM) from a single transcript that is capable of activating target genes in a tissue-specific manner. We optimized Lipid Nanoparticles and Adeno-Associated Virus guide RNA delivery approaches to achieve expression modulation of one or more genes in vivo. We utilized the SAM mouse model to generate a hypercholesteremia disease state that we could bidirectionally modulate with various guide RNAs. Additionally, we applied SAM to optimize gene expression in a humanized Transthyretin mouse model to recapitulate human expression levels. These results demonstrate that the SAM gene activation platform can facilitate in vivo research and drug discovery.
Non coherent integration in a medium PRF radar (2002)

In a medium PRF radar, detection is ambiguous in both range and radial speed. The paper discusses some methods for the detection and resolution of range and radial speed in a radar with a burst oriented waveform, featuring PRF and RF changes from burst to burst. Two methods of detection are compared: (1) initial detection on a burst by burst basis and subsequent combination of the detections obtained from each burst; and (2) first unfolding the Doppler-processed video in both range and radial speed, summation of the corresponding received normalised powers and finally detection of the summed results. The results of both methods are compared, showing that the processing gain of the second method is significantly above the first method. An important aspect of these methods of detection is the power to resolve ambiguities. Without particular measures, the number of so-called ghost detections, i.e. detections at incorrectly resolved position and speed, may be significant. Two procedures to reduce the ghost rate are illustrated for a three burst scenario. The results indicate that the ghost rate may be reduced to low levels at the expense of a part of the processing gain.
Stability of a bi-resonant klynac (2016)

We have built the first-ever klynac, consisting of a klystron and linac combined into a single integrated structure using a single electron beam. This device has two resonant circuits, one for the klystron input and gain section, and one for the klystron output cavity and linac section. Here we describe this device's stability properties driven by its resonant properties.
New scaled DCT algorithms for fused multiply/add architectures (1991)

The authors present novel scaled discrete cosine transform (DCT) and inverse scaled DCT algorithms designed for fused multiply/add architecture. Since the most popular case used in image processing involves 8*8 blocks (both emerging JPEG and MPEG standards call for DCT coding on blocks of this size), the authors discuss this case in detail. The scaled DCT and inverse scaled DCT each use 416 operations, so that, combined with scaling or descaling, each uses 480 operations. For the inverse, the descaling can be combined with computation of the IDCT (inverse DCT). If multiplicative constants, which depend on the quantization matrix, can be computed offline, then the descaling and IDCT can be computed simultaneously with 417 operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cardinality estimation using neural networks (2015)

Database query optimizers benefit greatly from accurate cardinality estimation; however, this is hard to achieve on tables with correlated and/or skewed columns. We present a novel approach using neural networks to learn and approximate selectivity functions that take a bounded range on each column as input, effectively estimating selectivities for all relational operators. Experimental results with a simplified prototype show a significant improvement over state-of-the-art cardinality estimators on constructed datasets in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and amount of user input required.
Recombinant human IgA expressed in insect cells. (1994)

IgA serves as the first line of humoral defense at all mucosal surfaces and is present in large quantities in serum. To map the sites of interaction of immune effector molecules with the IgA constant region (C alpha), we have expressed soluble, chimeric human IgA in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. This antibody is correctly assembled into heavy chain/light chain heterodimers, N-glycosylated, and secreted by the insect cells; further, when coexpressed with a human J chain, the antibodies can assemble into dimers. The recombinant protein is authentic by a number of criteria, including antigen-binding, recognition by monoclonal antibodies, complement fixation via the alternative pathway, and specific binding to the monocyte IgA Fc receptor. We have also constructed viruses which encode structurally altered IgA heavy chains. Using one of these variant viruses, we have shown that glycosylation of the second domain of C alpha is required for interaction with the monocyte IgA Fc receptor. This system should prove useful in further characterization of the structure-function relationships in human C alpha.
Nanocrystal physical attributes influencing non-volatile memory performance (2005)

The impact of nanocrystal [NC] number density, size and areal coverage on the program-erase characteristics, data retention and disturbs of nanocrystal memory devices is investigated. It is shown that the memory window, data retention, and read disturb are relatively insensitive to NC size and density, which ease processing restrictions and aid manufacturability.
High rate epitaxial growth of InP by merged hydride organometallic vapor phase epitaxy in a hot-wall reactor (1993)

A new method which combines features of organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (VPE) with hydride VPE has been demonstrated for the epitaxial growth of InP. In this method trimethylindium is coinjected with HCl into a hot-wall reactor to form volatile InCl, and PH3 is used as the phosphorus source. Layers of InP were grown at approximately 8 μm/h with excellent morphology and good electrical properties. Hall measurements at 77 K show background n-type conductivity with n=7×1015/cm3 and μ=34 000 cm2/V s. This technique should be capable of growing ternary and quaternary heterostructures with thin layers and abrupt junctions.
Experimental Study on Particle Size Distribution Characteristics of Aerosol for Fire Detection (2023)

Current optical fire smoke detectors use scattering light intensity as an indicator of smoke concentration and trigger fire alarms when the intensity exceeds a threshold value. However, such detectors are prone to false alarms caused by non-fire aerosols since both fire smokes and non-fire aerosols scatter light. Thus, in order to reduce false alarms caused by non-fire aerosols such as dust and water vapor, fire detectors must be capable of distinguishing fire smoke from non-fire aerosols. Since the light scattering signals depend on the particle size information of aerosols, it is essential to study and characterize the particle size distribution of fire smoke and non-fire aerosols for differentiating them. In this paper, a comprehensive aerosol experimental platform is built to measure the particle size distribution of various typical fire smokes and non-fire aerosols. Through the conducted experiments, we note that there are significant differences in the particle size distributions of typical fire smokes and non-fire aerosols, with a boundary of about 1μm. The experimental results provide fundamental data support of the particle size distribution for developing a better fire detector that accurately identifies smoke.
Notice of Removal: Prevent lithium dendrite formation in rechargeable batteries through surface acoustic waves (2017)

Removed.
Quantification of iron in the non-human primate brain with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2014)

Pathological iron deposits in the brain, especially within basal ganglia, are linked to severe neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. As iron induces local changes in magnetic susceptibility, its presence can be visualized with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The usual approach, based on iron induced changes in magnetic relaxation (T2/T2′), is often prone, however, to confounding artifacts and lacks specificity. Here, we propose a new method to quantify and map iron deposits using water diffusion MRI. This method is based on the differential sensitivity of two image acquisition schemes to the local magnetic field gradients induced by iron deposits and their cross-term with gradient pulses used for diffusion encoding. Iron concentration could be imaged and estimated with high accuracy in the brain cortex, the thalamus, the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus of macaques, showing iron distributions in agreement with literature. Additionally, iron maps could clearly show a dramatic increase in iron content upon injection of an UltraSmall Particle Iron Oxide (USPIO) contrast agent, notably in the cortex and the thalamus, reflecting regional differences in blood volume. The method will benefit clinical investigations on the effect of iron deposits in the brain or other organs, as iron deposits are increasingly seen as a biomarker for a wide range of diseases, notably, neurodegenerative diseases in the pre-symptomatic stage. It also has the potential for quantifying variations in blood volume induced by brain activation in fMRI studies using USPIOs.
<title>Reading digital data embedded in iconic text</title> (1998)

Methods for embedding arbitrary digital data within an iconic representation of a document page image are summarized. The result of the encoding is a small iconic image containing the iconic data as small rectangular blocks of pixels, along with a mixture of reduced document image components such as graphics, text and images. As a first step in ensuring data recovery, the encoder verifies that the iconic image can contain the entire message, and that it can be decoded correctly from the noiseless pre-printing image. To retrieve the message, the data must be separated from the other components in the iconic image and decoded. The decoder is assumed to have no prior information about the location of data within the icon, the encoding channels in which it is encoded, or other meta-data about the message, such as the size or the amount of error-correction encoding. There are three major steps in the decoding process: segmentation, to identify and serialize the datablocks in the icon; measurement of encoding parameters, including determination of the encoding channels; and extraction of the message. Errors can be introduced into the decoding process at a number of places, and it is necessary to provide mechanisms for detecting and correcting them. For the parameters used here, datablocks from icons generated at reductions of up to 7x are robustly decoded, and error-free message decoding is typically achieved for icons derived from arbitrary pages of scanned documents.