gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved infrared spectral photography (1979)

A new technique for time-resolved (5-nsec) recording of broadband infrared absorption spectra is demonstrated. Resonantly enhanced, third-order nonlinearities of metal vapors are used both to produce a pulsed infrared continuum that interrogates the sample and to upconvert this infrared continuum into the visible. Single-shot absorption spectra of CO(2) and H(2)O bands in the region 2.55-2.85 microm were obtained.
On the Physical Layer Security of Backscatter Wireless Systems (2014)

Backscatter wireless communication lies at the heart of many practical low-cost, low-power, distributed passive sensing systems. The inherent cost restrictions coupled with the modest computational and storage capabilities of passive sensors, such as RFID tags, render the adoption of classical security techniques challenging; which motivates the introduction of physical layer security approaches. Despite their promising potential, little has been done to study the prospective benefits of such physical layer techniques in backscatter systems. In this paper, the physical layer security of wireless backscatter systems is studied and analyzed. First, the secrecy rate of a basic single-reader, single-tag model is studied. Then, the unique features of the backscatter channel are exploited to maximize this secrecy rate. In particular, the proposed approach allows a backscatter system's reader to inject a noise-like signal, added to the conventional continuous wave signal, in order to interfere with an eavesdropper's reception of the tag's information signal. The benefits of this approach are studied for a variety of scenarios while assessing the impact of key factors, such as antenna gains and location of the eavesdropper, on the overall secrecy of the backscatter transmission. Numerical results corroborate our analytical insights and show that, if properly deployed, the injection of artificial noise yields significant performance gains in terms of improving the secrecy of backscatter wireless transmission.
New approach to image amplification based on an optically-pumped multi-core optical fiber (2006)

This paper describes a new approach to amplify optical images by using optically pumped doped cores in a multi-core optical fiber structure. This approach combines the high gain and high efficiency properties of cladding pumped optical amplifiers with the imaging properties of coherent fiber bundles. The individual cores correspond to the pixels in the image amplifier. We have demonstrated 3x3 arrays in an ytterbium-doped phosphate fiber energized by one multimode semiconductor diode. Each pixel is capable of high gain (> 20 dB), low noise, and large acceptance angle (>12 degrees). We expect our glass and preform fabrication method to scale to over 100 pixels. The amplified image can preserve coherence (phase and wavelength) - or scramble the coherence depending on the design of the cores. This image amplifier is an enabling technology for any type of imaging system that is photon-starved and requires a compact and low noise image amplifier.
A Direct and Efficient Stereocontrolled Synthetic Route to the Pseudopterosins, Potent Marine Antiinflammatory Agents (1998)

Described herein is a new synthetic route to pseudopterosin aglycone (3), a key intermediate for the synthesis of a group of antiinflammatory natural products including pseudopterosin A (1) and E (2). The pathway of synthesis starts with the abundant and inexpensive (S)-(−)-limonene and its long-known cyclic hydroboration product (4) and leads to the chiral hydroxy ketone 6. Conversion of 6 to 10 followed by a novel aromatic annulation produced 15 which underwent a highly diastereoselective cyclization to afford the protected pseudopterosin aglycone 16. The naturally occurring pseudopterosins such as 1 and 2 are readily available from this key intermediate.
Retrieval Augmented Convolutional Encoder-decoder Networks for Video Captioning (2022)

Video captioning has been an emerging research topic in computer vision, which aims to generate a natural sentence to correctly reflect the visual content of a video. The well-established way of doing so is to rely on encoder-decoder paradigm by learning to encode the input video and decode the variable-length output sentence in a sequence-to-sequence manner. Nevertheless, these approaches often fail to produce complex and descriptive sentences as natural as those from human being, since the models are incapable of memorizing all visual contents and syntactic structures in the human-annotated video-sentence pairs. In this article, we uniquely introduce a Retrieval Augmentation Mechanism (RAM) that enables the explicit reference to existing video-sentence pairs within any encoder-decoder captioning model. Specifically, for each query video, a video-sentence retrieval model is first utilized to fetch semantically relevant sentences from the training sentence pool, coupled with the corresponding training videos. RAM then writes the relevant video-sentence pairs into memory and reads the memorized visual contents/syntactic structures in video-sentence pairs from memory to facilitate the word prediction at each timestep. Furthermore, we present Retrieval Augmented Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Network (R-ConvED), which novelly integrates RAM into convolutional encoder-decoder structure to boost video captioning. Extensive experiments on MSVD, MSR-VTT, Activity Net Captions, and VATEX datasets validate the superiority of our proposals and demonstrate quantitatively compelling results.
Interaction between Vitamin D Receptor Genotype and Estrogen Receptor α Genotype Influences Vertebral Fracture Risk (2003)

In view of the interactions of vitamin D and the estrogen endocrine system, we studied the combined influence of polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene on the susceptibility to osteoporotic vertebral fractures in 634 women aged 55 yr and older. Three VDR haplotypes (1, 2, and 3) of the BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphisms and three ERalpha haplotypes (1, 2, and 3) of the PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified. We captured 131 nonvertebral and 85 vertebral fracture cases during a mean follow-up period of 7 yr. ERalpha haplotype 1 was dose-dependently associated with increased vertebral fracture risk (P < 0.001) corresponding to an odds ratio of 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-4.1] per copy of the risk allele. VDR haplotype 1 was overrepresented in vertebral fracture cases. There was a significant interaction (P = 0.01) between ERalpha haplotype 1 and VDR haplotype 1 in determining vertebral fracture risk. The association of ERalpha haplotype 1 with vertebral fracture risk was only present in homozygous carriers of VDR haplotype 1. The risk of fracture was 2.5 (95% CI, 0.6-9.9) for heterozygous and 10.3 (95% CI, 2.7-40) for homozygous carriers of ERalpha haplotype 1. These associations were independent of bone mineral density. In conclusion, interaction between ERalpha and VDR gene polymorphisms leads to increased risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in women, largely independent of bone mineral density.
Methane Separation: High CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> and C2 Hydrocarbons/CH<sub>4</sub> Selectivity in a Chemically Robust Porous Coordination Polymer (Adv. Funct. Mater. 28/2013) (2013)

On page 3525, Susumu Kitagawa and co-workers demonstrate a new porous coordination polymer, in which the uniform 1D channel and open metal sites lead to excellent methane separation capability towards carbon dioxide and C2 hydrocarbons at ambient temperature. More importantly, its high water- and acid/alkaline-resistance properties will pave the way for practical use for methane purification in the future.
Focusing metasurface quantum-cascade laser with a near diffraction-limited beam (2016)

A terahertz vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is demonstrated using an active focusing reflectarray metasurface based on quantum-cascade gain material. The focusing effect enables a hemispherical cavity with flat optics, which exhibits higher geometric stability than a plano-plano cavity and a directive and circular near-diffraction limited Gaussian beam with M<sup>2</sup> beam parameter as low as 1.3 and brightness of 1.86 × 10<sup>6</sup> Wsr<sup>-1</sup>m<sup>-2</sup>. This work initiates the potential of leveraging inhomogeneous metasurface and reflectarray designs to achieve high-power and high-brightness terahertz quantum-cascade VECSELs.
Load-balanced combined input-crosspoint buffered packet switch and long round-trip times (2005)

The amount of memory in buffered crossbars is proportional to the number of crosspoints, or O(N/sup 2/), where N is the number of ports, and to the crosspoint buffer size, which is defined by the distance between the line cards and the buffered crossbar, to achieve 100% throughput under high-speed data flows. A long distance between these two components can make a buffered crossbar costly to implement. In this letter, we propose a load-balanced combined input-crosspoint buffered packet switch that uses small crosspoint buffers and no speedup. The proposed switch reduces the required size of the crosspoint buffers by a factor of N and keeps the cells in sequence.
MHC class II Tetramer Guided Detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>‐specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Peripheral Blood from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2007)

Abstract Novel diagnostic tools are needed to diagnose latent infection and to provide biologically meaningful surrogate markers to define cellular immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Interferon gamma‐based assays have recently been developed in addition to the more than 100‐year‐old tuberculin skin test (TST) for the immune diagnosis of MTB in blood. The advent of soluble MHC/peptide tetramer molecules allows to objectively enumerate antigen‐specific T cells. We identified novel MHC class II‐restricted MTB epitopes and used HLA‐DR4 tetrameric complexes to visualize ex vivo CD4 + T cells directed against the antigens Ag85B and the 19‐kDa lipoprotein, shared between MTB and other Mycobacterium species, and CD4 + T cells which recognize the MTB‐associated ESAT‐6 antigen. MTB‐reactive CD4 + T cells reside predominantly in the CD45RA + CD28 + and CD45 − CD28 + T‐cell subset and recognize naturally processed and presented MTB epitopes. HLA‐DR4‐restricted, Ag85B or ESAT‐6‐specific CD4 + T cells show similar dynamics over time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) when compared with CD8 + T cells directed against the corresponding HLA‐A2‐presented MTB epitopes in patients with pulmonary MTB infection and subsequent successful therapy. This was not found to be true for T‐cell responses directed against the 19‐kDa lipoprotein. The dissection of the cellular immune response in M. tuberculosis infection will enable novel strategies for monitoring MTB vaccine candidates and to gauge CD4 + T cells directed against MTB.
Echo identification using phase information (1989)

The signal waveforms chosen for reflectometry often result in overlapping echo waveforms. The waveforms chosen are constrained by transducer limitations, attenuation, and resolution properties of the test medium. The extraction of echo location information can be achieved using phase information, via the maximum entropy method. The phase estimate is constructed from the power spectrum of the even components (See) of the signal and the power spectrum of the odd components (Soo) of the signal. The cosine of the phase is cos[2θ] = See(e∫ω) − Soo(e∫ω)See(e∫ω) + Soo(e∫ω). By computing the spectrum of the above relation, the echo delay td can be computed using cos[2θ(ω)[ = cos[2ω(td)] in the frequency domain. The method of analysis is presented, along with experimental verification that overlapped echoes are easily identified for a simple reflecting structure using ultrasound.
CIRCUMFLEX (2012)

We consider MapReduce clusters designed to support multiple concurrent jobs, concentrating on environments in which the number of distinct datasets is modest relative to the number of jobs. Many datasets in such scenarios wind up being scanned by multiple concurrent Map phase jobs. As has been noticed previously, this scenario provides an opportunity for Map phase jobs to cooperate , sharing the scans of these datasets, and thus reducing the costs of such scans. Our paper has two main contributions. First, we present a novel and highly general method for sharing scans and thus amortizing their costs. This concept, which we call cyclic piggybacking , has a number of advantages over the more traditional batching scheme described in the literature. Second, we describe a significant but natural generalization of the recently introduced flex scheduler, for optimizing schedules within the context of this cyclic piggybacking paradigm. The overall approach, including both cyclic piggybacking and the flex generalization, is called circumflex. We demonstrate the excellent performance of circumflex via a variety of simulation experiments.
Self organizing IP Multimedia Subsystem (2009)

While there have been tremendous efforts to develop the architecture and protocols to support advanced Internet-based services over 3G and 4G networks, IMS is far from being deployed in a wide scale manner. Effort to create an operator controlled signaling infrastructure using IP-based protocols has resulted in a large number of functional components and interactions between those components. Thus, the carriers are trying to explore alternative ways to deploy IMS that will allow them to manage their network in a cost effective manner while offering the value-added services. One of such approaches is self organization of IMS. The self organizing IMS can enable the IMS functional components and corresponding nodes to adapt them dynamically based on the features like network load, number of users and available system resources. This paper introduces such a self organizing and adaptive IMS architecture, describes the advanced functions and demonstrates the initial results from the prototype test-bed. In particular, we show how all IMS functional components can be merged and split among different nodes as the network demand and environment change without disrupting the ongoing sessions or calls. Although it is too early to conclude the effectiveness of self organizing IMS, initial results are encouraging and it may provide additional incentives to the operators for network evolution.
Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Continuous Emissions Monitor for Hazardous Air Pollutant Metals (1997)

The design and operation of instrumentation capable of continuous, real-time detection and monitoring of hazardous air pollutant metals in the effluent of boilers, incinerators, and furnaces is reported. A commercially available inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometer, modified for introduction of sample air, provides sensitivity for several metals comparable to that of EPA-approved manual methods, with a measurement frequency of 30−60 measurements/h. Achievable detection limits for the present list of hazardous air pollutant metals range from 0.1 to 20 μg/dry standard cubic meter; a capability unmatched by competing CEM technologies. To ensure that a representative sample is obtained at all times, air is isokinetically extracted from a stack or duct by an automated system. An innovative sampling interface combines continuous sample extraction at the relatively high and often variable flow rates required for isokinetic conditions with periodic introduc tion of aliquots of sample air and reference air at the constant and low flow rates required for injection into the argon plasma.
Diverse Phenotypes and Specific Transcription Patterns in Twenty Mouse Lines with Ablated LincRNAs (2015)

In a survey of 20 knockout mouse lines designed to examine the biological functions of large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), we have found a variety of phenotypes, ranging from perinatal lethality to defects associated with premature aging and morphological and functional abnormalities in the lungs, skeleton, and muscle. Each mutant allele carried a lacZ reporter whose expression profile highlighted a wide spectrum of spatiotemporal and tissue-specific transcription patterns in embryos and adults that informed our phenotypic analyses and will serve as a guide for future investigations of these genes. Our study shows that lincRNAs are a new class of encoded molecules that, like proteins, serve essential and important functional roles in embryonic development, physiology, and homeostasis of a broad array of tissues and organs in mammals.
Low VOC Dibenzoate Triblend and Dibenzoate Diblend in Exterior Coatings (2013)

In 2010, a new low VOC dibenzoate triblend platform was introduced as a coalescent/plasticizer for use in coatings. A basic latex paint evaluation was conducted to determine the utility of the blend platform in interior architectural coatings based on a typical vinyl acrylic, a soft acrylic type used in low VOC formulations, and a harder styrene acrylic type. Two dibenzoate triblends were evaluated versus a standard high volatility type coalescent and a commercial low VOC type coalescent. The data were very positive. One of the blends, K-Flex 975P, was selected for additional study. As only a basic screen in interior formulations was initially considered, it was decided to evaluate the 975P in exterior coatings. The exterior paint evaluation included initial results of fence testing as well as standard paint testing. The paper will provide a review of the initial work and a complete update detailing the results of the testing in exterior paint.
Low-Temperature-Fireable Dielectric Material Pb(Fe<sub>2/3</sub>W<sub>1/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-(Pb, Ca)(Fe<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> for Microwave Use (1993)

A ferroelectric Pb(Fe 2/3 W 1/3 )O 3 -Pb (Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (PFW-PFN) system has a low sintering temperature. A partial substitution of Ca for Pb in PFN shift the transition temperature sufficiently low, transforming this material into a paraelectric at room temperature. When paraelectric PFW-PCFN formed a single-phase (Pb, Ca)(W, Fe, Nb)O 3 (PCWFN), this material was confirmed to have a high dielectric constant with temperature stability and low dissipation loss. There was a certain amount of difficulty associated with the synthesis of single-phased PCWFN. A process to overcome this difficulty is reported. Up to now, the sintering temperature of the best characterized material was 1000°C. This temperature is very low for the sintering of a glass-free dielectric material used as a microwave resonator.
Harmonic-Based Nonlinearity Factorization of Switching Behavior in Up-Conversion Mixers (2019)

A systematic approach is presented to analyze the switching pair linearity of low intermediate frequency (IF) up-conversion mixers. The approach explicitly divides the switching pair operation of the mixer into two steps-conversion of the low IF input to the common-source node voltage, in a common-mode domain, and conversion of the common-source node voltage to the output, in a differential-mode domain. In this way, closed-form formulas of the signal gain and third-order intermodulation distortions (IMD3) are derived, demonstrating that the even harmonics (mainly twice local oscillator frequency harmonics) on the common-source node affects the linearity performance significantly. As a result, the mixer linearity is strongly sensitive to the common-source node parasitic reactance. To suppress the even harmonics, we adopt a harmonic-trapping (HT) capacitor and demonstrate 9.1 dB improvement in OIP3 from the fabricated chip prototypes. The analysis approach and HT technique are further validated by well-matched analytical predictions, simulation and measurement results.
Optical Oximetry of Volume-Oscillating Vascular Compartments at any Frequency (2016)

We describe a quantitative analysis of diffuse optical measurements of time-varying vascular compartments. A method is presented to translate oscillatory signals at any frequency into the oxygen saturation of the volume-oscillating compartment.
Max-Min Fair Resource Allocation for Multiuser Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks (2010)

We investigate the problem of multi-user radio resource allocation for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) amplify-and-forward (AF) relays. In the single-user case, the problem reduces to the well know assignment problem, which maximizes the user rate. For the multi-user case we devise a resource allocation algorithm to achieve max-min fairness. We find max-min fairness since it can provide almost flat ubiquitous coverage. We start by formulating a convex optimization, which takes a parameter that asymptotically makes the optimization produce max-min fair rates. Since the optimization is a convex problem, we are able to devise a sub-optimal gradient-based algorithm to solve it quickly. Simulations show that the algorithm achieves results very close to the optimum solutions due to its gradient origins.
Improvement of the beam quality of a diode laser with two active segments (2003)

The beam quality of a diode laser with two active segments was improved by an external cavity. The cavity includes collimating optics, a grating, and an output coupler. The beam quality was improved by a factor of 2, and at least half of the freely running power of the laser was coupled out from the external cavity.
Plasma Jet Printing of Electronic Materials on Flexible and Nonconformal Objects (2014)

We present a novel approach for the room-temperature fabrication of conductive traces and their subsequent site-selective dielectric encapsulation for use in flexible electronics. We have developed an aerosol-assisted atmospheric pressure plasma-based deposition process for efficiently depositing materials on flexible substrates. Silver nanowire conductive traces and silicon dioxide dielectric coatings for encapsulation were deposited using this approach as a demonstration. The paper substrate with silver nanowires exhibited a very low change in resistance upon 50 cycles of systematic deformation, exhibiting high mechanical flexibility. The applicability of this process to print conductive traces on nonconformal 3D objects was also demonstrated through deposition on a 3D-printed thermoplastic object, indicating the potential to combine plasma printing with 3D printing technology. The role of plasma here includes activation of the material present in the aerosol for deposition, increasing the deposition rate, and plasma polymerization in the case of inorganic coatings. The demonstration here establishes a low-cost, high-throughput, and facile process for printing electronic components on nonconventional platforms.
Accelerating boolean satisfiability through application specific processing (2001)

This paper presents our work in developing an application specific multiprocessor system for SAT, utilizing the most recent results such as the development of highly efficient sequential SAT algorithms, the emergence of commercial configurable processor cores and the rapid progress in IC manufacturing techniques. Based on an analysis of the basic SAT search algorithm, we propose a new parallel SAT algorithm that utilizes fine grain parallelism. This is then used to design a multiprocessor architecture in which each processing node consists of a processor and a communication assist node that deals with message processing. Each processor is an application specific processor built from a commercial configurable processor core. All the system configurations are determined based on the characteristics of SAT algorithms, and are supported by simulation results. While this hardware accelerator system does not change the inherent intractability of the SAT problems, it achieves a 30-60x speedup over and above the fastest known SAT solver - Chaff. We believe that this system can be used to expand the practical applicability of SAT in all its application areas.