gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk Scoring for Prediction of Acute Cardiac Complications from Imbalanced Clinical Data (2014)

Fast and accurate risk stratification is essential in the emergency department (ED) as it allows clinicians to identify chest pain patients who are at high risk of cardiac complications and require intensive monitoring and early intervention. In this paper, we present a novel intelligent scoring system using heart rate variability, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and vital signs where a hybrid sampling-based ensemble learning strategy is proposed to handle data imbalance. The experiments were conducted on a dataset consisting of 564 chest pain patients recruited at the ED of a tertiary hospital. The proposed ensemble-based scoring system was compared with established scoring methods such as the modified early warning score and the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score, and showed its effectiveness in predicting acute cardiac complications within 72 h in terms of the receiver operation characteristic analysis.
Metrology of Nanostructures by Tomographic Mueller-Matrix Scatterometry (2018)

The development of necessary instrumentation and metrology at the nanoscale, especially fast, low-cost, and nondestructive metrology techniques, is of great significance for the realization of reliable and repeatable nanomanufacturing. In this work, we present the application of a homemade novel optical scatterometer called the tomographic Mueller-matrix scatterometer (TMS), for the measurement of photoresist gratings. The TMS adopts a dual rotating-compensator configuration and illuminates the nanostructure sequentially under test conditions by a plane wave, with varying illumination directions and records. For each illumination direction, the polarized scattered field along various directions of observation can be seen in the form of scattering Mueller matrices. That more scattering information is collected by TMS than conventional optical scatterometry ensures that it achieves better measurement sensitivity and accuracy. We also show the capability of TMS for determining both grating pitch and other structural parameters, which is incapable by current zeroth-order methods such as reflectometry- or ellipsometry-based scatterometry.
Abstract 2344: Discovery and characterization of new original blocking antibodies targeting the CD73 immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy (2016)

Abstract CD73 (NT5E) is a cell membrane ectoenzyme of the NTPDase family that plays a major role in the conversion of AMP into Adenosine (Ado). Within the tumor microenvironment, accumulation of Ado causes immune suppression and dysregulation of immune cell infiltrates resulting in tumor spreading. CD73 expression in the tumor environment has been associated with poor disease outcome and/or with a pro-metastatic phenotype. Thus, targeting CD73 may promote anti-tumor immunity by reducing Ado accumulation and may block tumor cell metastasis by inhibiting CD73 on tumor cells. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of novel anti-human CD73 antibodies, intended for the treatment of a wide range of cancers. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n°602200. Antibodies were discovered that inhibited CD73 function by different mechanisms, including the direct blocking of CD73 enzymatic activity or the down-modulation of membrane CD73 expression. Epitope mapping revealed that antibodies acting by these different modes of action bound to distinct sites on CD73. All selected antibodies cross-react with cynomolgus CD73 protein and have strong avidity and affinity for membrane or recombinant CD73, by flow cytometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance, respectively. Antibodies that inhibit CD73 enzymatic activity strongly reduce AMP catabolism by both recombinant and cellular CD73 with IC50 in the nanomolar range. They also efficiently reverse ATP- and AMP-mediated T cell suppression in in vitro assays in presence of both CD39+ and CD73+ cells. The antibodies that induce down-modulation of cellular CD73 expression do not block recombinant CD73 enzyme activity and partially inhibit cellular CD73 activity; they reverse ATP- but not AMP-dependent T cell suppression. The antibodies displaying the most interesting features were humanized. Evaluation of their activity in animal models is ongoing. Citation Format: Marc Giraudon Paoli, Severine Augier, Marilyne Royannez Blemont, Céline Rodriguez, Hélène Rispaud Blanc, Stéphanie Chanteux, Nicolas Gourdin, Laurent Gauthier, Christine Ménétrier Caux, Yannis Morel, Christophe Caux, Carine Paturel, Ivan Perrot. Discovery and characterization of new original blocking antibodies targeting the CD73 immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2344.
Progress in myoblast transplantation: a potential treatment of dystrophies (2000)

Myoblast transplantation (MT) consists of injecting normal or genetically modified myogenic cells into muscles, where they are expected to fuse and form mature fibers. As an experimental approach to treat severe genetic muscle diseases, MT was tested in dystrophic patients at the beginning of the 1990s. Although these early clinical trials were unsuccessful, MT has progressed through the research on animal models. Many factors that may condition the success of MT were identified in the last years. The present review updates our knowledge on MT and describes the different problems that have limited its success. Factors that were first underestimated, like the specific immune response after MT, are presently well characterized. Destruction of the hybrid fibers by activated T-lymphocytes and production of antibodies against the transplanted myoblasts take place after MT and are responsible for the graft rejection. The choice of the immunosuppression seems to be very important, and FK506 is the best agent known to allow the best results after MT. Under FK506 immunosuppression, very efficient MT were obtained both in mice and monkeys. Moreover, in dystrophic mice it was demonstrated that MT ameliorates some phenotypical characteristics of the disease. The improvement of the survival of the transplanted cells and the increase of their migration into the injected tissue are presently under investigation. Some of the present research is directed also to bypass the immunosuppression by using the patient's own cells for MT. In this sense, efforts are conducted to introduce the normal gene into the patient's myoblasts before MT and to improve the ability of these cells to proliferate in vitro. Micros. Res. Tech. 48:213-222, 2000.
Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learning (2020)

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning setting where many clients (e.g., mobile devices or whole organizations) collaboratively train a model under the orchestration of a central server (e.g., service provider), while keeping the training data decentralized. FL embodies the principles of focused data collection and minimization, and can mitigate many of the systemic privacy risks and costs resulting from traditional, centralized machine learning and data science approaches. Motivated by the explosive growth in FL research, this monograph discusses recent advances and presents an extensive collection of open problems and challenges.
High-Efficiency Transient Temperature Calculations for Applications in Dynamic Thermal Management of Electronic Devices (2013)

The highly nonuniform transient power densities in modern semiconductor devices present difficult performance and reliability challenges for circuit components, multiple levels of interconnections and packaging, and adversely impact overall power efficiencies. Runtime temperature calculations would be beneficial to architectures with dynamic thermal management, which control hotspots by effectively optimizing regional power densities. Unfortunately, existing algorithms remain computationally prohibitive for integration within such systems. This work addresses these shortcomings by formulating an efficient method for fast calculations of temperature response in semiconductor devices under a time-dependent dissipation power. A device temperature is represented as output of an infinite-impulse response (IIR) multistage digital filter, processing a stream of sampled power data; this method effectively calculates temperatures by a fast numerical convolution of the sampled power with the modeled system's impulse response. Parameters such as a steady-state thermal resistance or its extension to a transient regime, a thermal transfer function, are typically used with the assumption of a linearity and time-invariance (LTI) to form a basis for device thermal characterization. These modeling tools and the time-discretized estimates of dissipated power make digital filtering a well-suited technique for a run-time temperature calculation. A recursive property of the proposed algorithm allows a highly efficient use of an available computational resource; also, the impact of all of the input power trace is retained when calculating a temperature trace. A network identification by deconvolution (NID) method is used to extract a time-constant spectrum of the device temperature response. We verify this network extraction procedure for a simple geometry with a closed-form solution. In the proposed technique, the amount of microprocessor clock cycles needed for each temperature evaluation remains fixed, which results in a linear relationship between the overall computation time and the number of temperature evaluations. This is in contrast to time-domain convolution, where the number of clock cycles needed for each evaluation increases as the time window expands. The linear dependence is similar to techniques based on FFT algorithms; in this work, however, use of z-transforms significantly decreases the amount of computations needed per temperature evaluation, in addition to much reduced memory requirements. Together, these two features result in vast improvements in computational throughput and allow implementations of sophisticated runtime dynamic thermal management algorithms for all high-power architectures and expand the application range to embedded platforms for use in a pervasive computing environment.
Towards estimating the number of distinct value combinations for a set of attributes (2005)

Accurately and efficiently estimating the number of distinct values for some attribute(s) or sets of attributes in a data set is of critical importance to many database operations, such as query optimization and approximation query answering. Previous work has focused on the estimation of the number of distinct values for a single attribute and most existing work adopts a data sampling approach. This paper addresses the equally important issue of estimating the number of distinct value combinations for multiple attributes which we call COLSCARD (for COLumn Set CARDinality). It also takes a different approach that uses existing statistical information (e.g., histograms) available on the individual attributes to assist estimation. We start with cases where exact frequency information on individual attributes is available, and present a pair of lower and upper bounds on COLSCARD that are consistent with the available information, as well as an estimator of COLSCARD based on probability. We then proceed to study the case where only partial information (in the form of histograms) is available on individual attributes, and show how the proposed estimator can be adapted to this case. We consider two types of widely used histograms and show how they can be constructed in order to obtain optimal approximation. An experimental evaluation of the proposed estimation method on synthetic as well as two real data sets is provided.
Realizing lateral wrap-gated nanowire FETs: Controlling gate length with chemistry rather than lithography (2012)

An important consideration in miniaturizing transistors is maximizing the coupling between the gate and the semiconductor channel. A nanowire with a coaxial metal gate provides optimal gate-channel coupling, but has only been realized for vertically oriented nanowire transistors. We report a method for producing laterally oriented wrap-gated nanowire field-effect transistors that provides exquisite control over the gate length via a single wet etch step, eliminating the need for additional lithography beyond that required to define the source/drain contacts and gate lead. It allows the contacts and nanowire segments extending beyond the wrap-gate to be controlled independently by biasing the doped substrate, significantly improving the sub-threshold electrical characteristics. Our devices provide stronger, more symmetric gating of the nanowire, operate at temperatures between 300 to 4 Kelvin, and offer new opportunities in applications ranging from studies of one-dimensional quantum transport through to chemical and biological sensing.
Design, implementation and evaluation of an explicit rate allocation algorithm in an ATM switch (2002)

We discuss a hardware implementation of an explicit rate allocation algorithm for support of available bit rate (ABR) service in ATM switches. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm at the network-level through measurements on the actual implementation in a network testbed. The rate allocation algorithm has several desirable properties, such as exact computation of the max-min rates, O(1) computations per resource management (RM) cell received, and the ability to provide minimum cell rate (MCR) guarantees. We show that the algorithm can be implemented with a modest amount of hardware (64,000 gates in an Altera 10K100 programmable logic device and 16 bytes of SRAM storage per VC), and that even a slow FPGA-based implementation with a 20 MHz internal clock rate can process RM cells within one cell time at an OC-3 port. We also outline the design for supporting OC-12 and OC-48 links. We present results from measurements of ABR traffic in network configurations with up to four bottlenecks and 100 connections. The results show that the algorithm is able to converge to the exact max-min fair allocations with no oscillations after convergence, maintains minimum rate guarantees, and is also able to maintain high link utilization in the presence of on-off traffic.
State-of-the-Art Review Donor Lymphocyte Infusion: The Use of Alloreactive and Tumor-Reactive Lymphocytes for Immunotherapy of Malignant and Nonmalignant Diseases in Conjunction with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2002)

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), pioneered in Jerusalem in January 1987, represents the first proof of principle of the absolute efficacy of immunotherapy as a means of curing cancer. Immunotherapy with alloreactive donor lymphocytes can eliminate “ the last tumor cell” even in patients with hematological malignancies resistant to maximally tolerated doses of chemoradiotherapy. Alloreactive lymphocytes that can mediate anti-tumor effects following induction of host-versus-graft tolerance induced by transplantation of donor stem cells, can induce graft-versus-malignancy (GVM) effects which are usually accompanied by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, occasionally GVM effects may also be accomplished independently of clinically overt GVHD. Interestingly, allogeneic donor lymphocytes may also eliminate undesirable host-derived hematopoietic cells in a large number of nonmalignant indications including genetic diseases, diseases caused by deficiency of stem cell products, and autoimmune disorders mediated by self-reactive lymphocytes. The cumulative clinical experience suggests feasibility of effective induction of graft-versus-leukemia (GVL); graft-versus-lymphoma (GVLy); graft-versus-multiple myeloma, as well as graft-versussolid tumors (GVT), well-documented in patients with renal and breast cancer, even in patients with resistant disease that have failed myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. These observations that suggested that cell therapy by donor lymphocytes is the main therapeutic benefit of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) led to development of the nonmyeloablative approach for safer allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) makes it possible to offer an option for cure to elderly patients with no upper age limit, as well as to patients with poor performance status not considered eligible for conventional BMT. Using well-tolerated NST regimen, allogeneic stem cell transplantation can be accomplished with minimal procedure-related toxicity and mortality, possibly even on an outpatient basis. Immunotherapy mediated by adoptive allogeneic cell-mediated immunotherapy can be further improved by utilizing specifically immune donor lymphocytes, thus maximizing their efficacy against undesirable target cells of host origin on the one hand, while minimizing their ontoward efficacy against normal cells of host origin that could result in GVHD on the other. Taken together, DLI and subsequently NST, may have opened new horizons for treatment of life-threatening malignant and nonmalignant disorders correctable by allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is anticipated that further improvement of reactivity and specificity of donor lymphocytes will lead to safer clinical application of cell therapy for a larger number of indications toward improving disease-free survival in a large number of indications while minimizing immediate and late procedure-related complications.
Successful high‐level accumulation of fish oil omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in a transgenic oilseed crop (2013)

Omega-3 (also called n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥C20; LC-PUFAs) are of considerable interest, based on clear evidence of dietary health benefits and the concurrent decline of global sources (fish oils). Generating alternative transgenic plant sources of omega-3 LC-PUFAs, i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3, DHA) has previously proved problematic. Here we describe a set of heterologous genes capable of efficiently directing synthesis of these fatty acids in the seed oil of the crop Camelina sativa, while simultaneously avoiding accumulation of undesirable intermediate fatty acids. We describe two iterations: RRes_EPA in which seeds contain EPA levels of up to 31% (mean 24%), and RRes_DHA, in which seeds accumulate up to 12% EPA and 14% DHA (mean 11% EPA and 8% DHA). These omega-3 LC-PUFA levels are equivalent to those in fish oils, and represent a sustainable, terrestrial source of these fatty acids. We also describe the distribution of these non-native fatty acids within C. sativa seed lipids, and consider these data in the context of our current understanding of acyl exchange during seed oil synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Control of Reactivity in the Solid State: From Templates to Ladderanes to Metal—Organic Frameworks (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IgE cross-reactivity between Pas n 1 of Bahia grass pollen and other group 1 grass pollen allergens [Conference Abstract] (2010)

Background The subtropical Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) is an important source of pollen allergens with an extended season of pollination and wide distribution in warmer climates. The immunological relationship between pollen allergens of Bahia grass and temperate grasses is unresolved. Methods Serum IgE reactivity of grass pollen-allergic patients with Bahia, Ryegrass and Bermuda grass pollen extracts and their purified group 1 allergens, Pas n 1, Lol p 1 and Cyn d 1, were compared by immunoblotting, ELISA, inhibition ELISA, basophil activation by flow cytometry and molecular modeling. Results Differences in antibody recognition of allergenic components between Bahia grass and Ryegrass pollen were observed by immunoblotting. Eight grass pollen-allergic patients from a temperate region showed greater serum IgE reactivity with Ryegrass pollen than Bahia grass by ELISA. For seven of these sera, Ryegrass pollen inhibited IgE reactivity with Bahia grass pollen but not the converse. For 51 sera from grass pollen-allergic patients in this temperate region, IgE reactivity with Lol p 1 was greater than Pas n 1 or Cyn d 1. IgE reactivity with Lol p 1 was not inhibited by Pas n 1 or Cyn d 1, but Pas n 1 IgE reactivity was inhibited by Lol p 1. Two group 1 grass pollen allergen-specific mAb distinguished between temperate and subtropical grass pollens. Basophil activation for three patients tested was greater by Ryegrass pollen than Bahia or Bermuda grass, and by Lol p 1 than Pas n 1 or Cyn d 1. In contrast, two patients from a subtropical region had higher serum IgE reactivity with Bahia grass pollen than Ryegrass and Bahia grass pollen inhibited IgE reactivity with Ryegrass. A structural model of Pas n 1 showed amino acids implicated in IgE epitopes of other group 1 allergens were juxtaposed on the surface. Conclusion Allergens from subtropical Bahia grass pollen, including Pas n 1, share antigenic determinants with temperate grass pollen allergens, but patients exhibit higher serum IgE reactivity to their locally predominant grass pollen. Basophil activation by Bahia grass pollen and Pas n 1 in patients from a temperate climate indicates clinically relevant cross-sensitization between temperate and subtropical grass pollens.
Fluoride-ion conversion alloy for fluoride-ion batteries (2022)

In the charge process of a fluoride-ion battery, LaNi 5 as the cathode material is decomposed into LaF 3 and Ni. The decomposition forms nano-scale networks of F − -ion and electron conduction paths, which helps to exploit a large amount of Ni.
Freeform spectrometer enabling increased compactness (2017)

We present optical designs with freeform optics in the context of hyperspectral imaging. Results show designs that are 5 × more compact in volume than similar designs using conventional spherical or aspherical surfaces. We will show how combining the concepts of spatial and spectral-band broadening, which will be introduced in this paper, led to the improvement in compactness that is uniquely enabled by freeform optics.
Automatic identification of wheezing in auscultated lung sounds (2016)

Asthma is a chronic lung disease, occurring in about 10% of children and 8% of adults [1]. It inflames and tightens the airways, and causes wheezing, coughing, breathlessness, and chest tightness. Without proper management, asthma can result in frequent emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and premature deaths. In 2010, almost 1.8 million patients visited an ED for asthma-related care and 439,000 people were hospitalized in the United States [2]. The high number of ED visits and hospitalizations underscores that asthma management remains a problem.
Deja vu (2011)

We ask the question: can network problems experienced by applications be identified based on symptoms contained in a network packet trace? An answer in the affirmative would open the doors to many opportunities, including non-intrusive monitoring of such problems on the network and matching a problem with past instances of the same problem.
Interaction of the apolipoprotein E and CI loci in predisposing to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (1998)

Association of AD with both the ApoE epsilon4 and ApoCI A alleles was found. The increased risk of AD among carriers of epsilon4 was found to be higher among those who also bear the ApoCI A allele but this may be due to a dose effect of the epsilon4 allele.