gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Reliable Approach for Assessing Anticancer Activity In Vitro (2015)

Cancer patients need better anticancer drugs, and medicinal chemistry can play a critical role in the discovery of these drugs. For an efficient drug discovery process, chemists working on the synthesis of potential anticancer agents need to use reliable screening methods. These methods should not only detect the compounds with the highest therapeutic potential, but should also predict whether such potential is high enough to deserve additional attention. Unfortunately, the current strategies for assessing anticancer activity in vitro are unable to do this reliably. This review article analyzes these strategies and describes an alternative screening approach. It is based on establishing suitable experimental conditions to detect compounds that improve the selective cytotoxicity of the drugs used in cancer therapy. This patient-oriented approach is easy to implement and may help medicinal chemists, and other researchers involved in cancer drug discovery, assess in vitro anticancer activity more reliably.
Regulation of glycerol metabolism in Enterococcus faecalis by phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol kinase catalyzed by enzyme I and HPr of the phosphotransferase system (1993)

Using a polyclonal antibody against glycerol kinase from Enterococcus faecalis, we could demonstrate that glycerol kinase is inducible by growth on glycerol-containing medium and that during growth on glycerol the enzyme is mainly phosphorylated. Glucose and other sugars metabolized via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway strongly repressed the synthesis of glycerol kinase, while if glycerol was also present during growth, low activity, reflecting partial induction and the presence of mainly unphosphorylated, less active enzyme, was found. With gluconate, which is also a substrate of the phosphotransferase system, repression of glycerol kinase was less severe, but the enzyme was mainly present in the less active, unphosphorylated form. Effects of growth on different carbon sources on glycerol uptake are also reported.
Framework hydroxyl groups of H-ZSM-5 zeolites (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleFramework hydroxyl groups of H-ZSM-5 zeolitesPeter A. Jacobs and Roland Von BallmoosCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 15, 3050–3052Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100212a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j100212a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2203Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Solution Synthesis of Gadolinium Nanoparticles (2002)

Gadolinium nanoparticles have been produced at subambient temperature by alkalide reduction. The nanoparticles display maxima in the temperature dependence of their magnetization, cooled in the absence of an applied external field, at T(max) of 5.0 and 17.5 K for unheated samples and samples annealed at 1000 degrees C for 4 h, respectively. Field cooled behavior deviates at temperatures slightly above T(max), increasing at lower temperature. Curie-Weiss law fits of the high-temperature data yield magnetic moments in close agreement with those expected for noninteracting Gd(3+) ions, suggesting that the behavior seen is due to a magnetic transition rather than superparamagnetism. Magnetization is linearly dependent on field at temperatures higher than 7-8 times T(max) and shows remanence-free hysteresis at lower temperature, suggesting metamagnetism. Some annealed samples show evidence of additional ferromagnetic interactions below approximately 170 K. Magnetic entropy curves generated from magnetization data are consistent with that expected for a paramagnet.
Pleural effusion. Use of the semi-supine position for radiographic detection. (1984)

Chest radiographs of 100 routinely examined patients were evaluated to study the effectiveness of the oblique semi-supine position when attempting to identify pleural effusion. Comparisons were made to images obtained with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Radiography was performed without noticeable discomfort for 62 patients in the lateral decubitus position and for 97 patients in the oblique semi-supine position. The visualization of free pleural fluid was not affected by the different body positions, but demonstration of encapsulated fluid was superior in views obtained with the patient in the oblique semi-supine posture. For most individuals with suspected pleural effusion, the oblique semi-supine position is preferable to the lateral decubitus position.
Strategic Demography: Population, Poverty, and Military Power in Pre-1914 Britain (1985)

In Europe between 1870 and 1940 it was a common phenomenon for public figures to seek in the demographic sphere the causes of and antidotes to perceived shortcomings in political and military affairs. It should cause little surprise, therefore, that in the aftermath of the Boer War, in which a handful of South African settlers managed for a considerable period to keep the British army at bay, many concerned individuals responded to the military shortcomings of the campaign by calling for an enquiry not only into prevailing notions of command or logistics, but also into the health of the population.KeywordsPhysical DeteriorationRoyal CommissionSlum DwellerBRITISH PeopleMilitary AffairThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions for Organic Synthesis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRuthenium-Catalyzed Reactions for Organic SynthesisTakeshi Naota, Hikaru Takaya, and Shun-Ichi MurahashiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 7, 2599–2660Publication Date (Web):October 7, 1998Publication History Received13 March 1998Revised26 June 1998Published online7 October 1998Published inissue 5 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9403695https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9403695research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14883Altmetric-Citations915LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Group 8 complexes,Hydrocarbons,Ruthenium Get e-Alerts
Conducting Polymer Dough for Deformable Electronics (2015)

PSS) into a solution-processed highly deformable viscoelastic polymer is presented. Rapid self-healing of conductivity, customer-designed LEDs with complex micro-patterns, and foldable stretchable LEDs are demonstrated.
History and Examination of the Thrower's Elbow (2003)

Elbow pain is a common problem in throwing athletes. Because of its unique anatomy, the elbow joint is especially vulnerable to the repeated stresses placed on the upper extremity by the throwing motion. Injuries can be acute or chronic, such as those caused by stress overload or repetitive motion, and may involve osseous or soft-tissue structures or both. Although they have received less attention than lower extremity athletic injuries, elbow injuries can be just as debilitating to athletes involved in sports that require overhead motions, such as baseball players, racquet-sport players, swimmers, and gymnasts. Inadequate treatment can cause permanent disability. The first step in early and appropriate treatment of elbow pain in athletes is establishing the correct diagnosis.
Fundamental competition and market practice impacts of real-time payments (2017)

Real-time processing has long been employed in a variety of industries. In the retail payment industry, however, it has only just started. National-level implementation has begun in several countries and seems to be catching on, one country at a time. Real-time payments are mostly seen as an exercise in improved delivery speed. This paper analyses the more fundamental changes that the financial market will face due to immediate payments as well as the profound effects on economic incentives. Real-time payments will particularly affect competition between payment instruments and service providers. However, much wider impacts can be expected with respect to business and market practices in currency, money market, and securities trading and settlement. Real-time payments will change the roles and business opportunities of many intermediaries and stakeholders in the payment and banking industry when infrastructures will become more ‘flat’ and based on direct end-to-end connections.
Suspension of Mitotic Activity in Dentate Gyrus of the Hibernating Ground Squirrel (2011)

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian hippocampus, a region of the brain important for learning and memory. Hibernation in Siberian ground squirrels provides a natural model to study mitosis as the rapid fall in body temperature in 24 h (from 35-36°C to +4-6°C) permits accumulation of mitotic cells at different stages of the cell cycle. Histological methods used to study adult neurogenesis are limited largely to fixed tissue, and the mitotic state elucidated depends on the specific phase of mitosis at the time of day. However, using an immunohistochemical study of doublecortin (DCX) and BrdU-labelled neurons, we demonstrate that the dentate gyrus of the ground squirrel hippocampus contains a population of immature cells which appear to possess mitotic activity. Our data suggest that doublecortin-labelled immature cells exist in a mitotic state and may represent a renewable pool for generation of new neurons within the dentate gyrus.
X-ray detection by direct modulation of an optical probe beam—Radsensor: Progress on development for imaging applications (2004)

We present a progress report on our new x-ray detection technique based on optical measurement of the effects of x-ray absorption and electron hole pair creation in a direct band-gap semiconductor. The electron–hole pairs create a frequency dependent shift in optical refractive index and absorption. This is sensed by simultaneously directing an optical probe beam through the same volume of semiconducting medium that has experienced an x-ray induced modulation in the electron–hole population. If the wavelength of the optical probe beam is close to the semiconductor band-edge, the optical probe will be modulated significantly in phase and amplitude. We have analyzed the physics of the imaging radsensor, developed modeling tools for device design, and are cautiously optimistic that we will achieve single x-ray photon sensitivity, and picosecond response. These predictions will be tested with Cu Kα xrays at the LLNL USP facility this spring and summer, with a cavity-based radsensor detector suitable for use in x-ray imagers.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategies in Regenerative Medicine (2017)

Earlier research primarily attributed the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies to their capacity for local engrafting and differentiating into multiple tissue types. However, recent studies have revealed that implanted cells do not survive for long, and that the benefits of MSC therapy could be due to the vast array of bioactive factors they produce, which play an important role in the regulation of key biologic processes. Secretome derivatives, such as conditioned media or exosomes, may present considerable advantages over cells for manufacturing, storage, handling, product shelf life and their potential as a ready-to-go biologic product. Nevertheless, regulatory requirements for manufacturing and quality control will be necessary to establish the safety and efficacy profile of these products. Among MSCs, human uterine cervical stem cells (hUCESCs) may be a good candidate for obtaining secretome-derived products. hUCESCs are obtained by Pap cervical smear, which is a less invasive and painful method than those used for obtaining other MSCs (for example, from bone marrow or adipose tissue). Moreover, due to easy isolation and a high proliferative rate, it is possible to obtain large amounts of hUCESCs or secretome-derived products for research and clinical use.
Solubilization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Diamine-Terminated Oligomeric Poly(ethylene Glycol) in Different Functionalization Reactions (2003)

A comparative study is reported on the solubilization of as-prepared and purified single-walled carbon nanotubes with diamine-terminated oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) in different functionalization reactions under various conditions. The soluble nanotube samples were characterized by using spectroscopic, microscopic, and gravimetric techniques. The results were used in the evaluation of the functionalization reactions.
A distributed controller for a virtualized router (2012)

Abstract In this paper, a distributed controller for a virtualized router is proposed. This controller enables the dynamic and automatic resource allocation between the different virtual routers (called slices) running on top of the physical router. The controller is designed on a two-layer architecture. A slice controller (one for each slice) estimates the relationship between the past performances and resource allocations of the slice using a linear model, and then determines the requested allocation for the slice to meet its target performance. The physical router consists of a set of modular linecards. A resource controller (one for each linecard), collects the resource allocation requests from the different slices using the resources it controls and determines the allocations based on the available capacities of the resources. Resources are allocated to slices to guarantee their target performances if possible, or provide service differentiation if the total requests from all the slices exceeds the capacities of the shared resources. We have found that the convergence of the controller depends on different parameters (such as the number of slices and the parameters of the linear model) and therefore some tuning of these parameters is needed for the system to achieve the stability.
20 Gbit/s, 205 km optical time division multiplexed transmission system (1991)

A 20 Gbit/s optical time division multiplexed transmission system based on components and subsystems operating at not more than 5 GHz repetition rate is reported. Full BER measurements indicate a penalty of only 0.8 dB after transmission through 205 km of dispersion-shifted fibre. The penalty was mostly attributed to the accumulation of noise from erbium-doped fibre repeater amplifiers in the system.
Change in teachers' ratings of attention problems and subsequent change in academic achievement: a prospective analysis (2009)

Increases in teacher-rated attention problems from age 6 to age 11 were followed by declines in academic achievement from age 11 to age 17; decreases were followed by gains. The results underscore the need for research on the course of attention problems, the testing of interventions to address children's early attention problems and the evaluation of their effects on subsequent academic achievement.
Inhibition of PTP1B by Trodusquemine (MSI‐1436) Causes Fat‐specific Weight Loss in Diet‐induced Obese Mice (2010)

Trodusquemine (MSI-1436) causes rapid and reversible weight loss in genetic models of obesity. To better predict the potential effects of trodusquemine in the clinic, we investigated the effects of trodusquemine treatment in a murine model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Trodusquemine suppressed appetite, reduced body weight (BW) in a fat-specific manner, and improved plasma insulin and leptin levels in mice. Screening assays revealed that trodusquemine selectively inhibited protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a key enzyme regulating insulin and leptin signaling. Trodusquemine significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) beta and STAT3, direct targets of PTP1B, in HepG2 cells in vitro and/or hypothalamic tissue in vivo. These data establish trodusquemine as an effective central and peripheral PTP1B inhibitor with the potential to elicit noncachectic fat-specific weight loss and improve insulin and leptin levels.
CC chemokine receptor 5 polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis. (1998)

The CCR5 delta32 allele seems to have some influence on RA variables including RF, which suggests that inhibition of chemokine receptors might be a potential target for disease modifying therapy in RA.
Liquefaction of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Oil: A Review (2019)

The liquefaction of biomass is an important technology to converse the biomass into valuable biofuel. The common technologies for liquefaction of biomass are indirect liquefaction and direct liquefaction. The indirect liquefaction refers to the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) process using the syngas of biomass as the raw material to produce the liquid fuel, including methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and dimethyl ether. The direct liquefaction of biomass refers to the conversion biomass into bio-oil, and the main technologies are hydrolysis fermentation and thermodynamic liquefaction. For thermodynamic liquefaction, it could be divided into fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, this review provides an overview of the physicochemical properties and common upgrading methods of bio-oil.
Analogs of phosphoenolpyruvate. Substrate specificities of enolase and pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of phosphoenolpyruvate. Substrate specificities of enolase and pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscleJo A. Stubbe and George L. KenyonCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 3, 338–345Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00753a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00753a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances of the Semantic Link Network (2012)

The Semantic Link Network (SLN) is a loosely coupled semantic data model for managing the network resources. A SLN consists of three components: a set of semantic nodes, a set of semantic links, and a set of reasoning rules. Semantic nodes can be objects of any types. Semantic links reflect the semantic relations among objects. Reasoning rules, which describe the internal relations among semantic links, are used to derive new semantic links hidden behind. SLN is designed to establish semantic relationships among various resources for extending the current hyperlink network to a semantic-rich network. In this paper, we conduct a survey on the research of SLN from its theory and applications. Furthermore, the future trends of SLN and it's potential applications in future Internet of Things are discussed.
Understanding the mobility of nonspherical particles in the free molecular regime (2014)

An approach to obtain the mobility of nonspherical particles is proposed by averaging the drag force orientationally, and two other widely used approaches in the literature, the averaged-collision-integral and averaged-drift-velocity methods, are summarized and extended. The concept of orientationally averaged collision integrals based on Chapman-Enskog theory for small gas-phase ions is re-examined for macromolecular ions whose surface cannot be treated as specular, but with inelastic interactions. A well accepted collision model considering inelastic collisions is Epstein's theory, which has been extended to include long-range potential forces by Li and Wang [Phys. Rev. E 68, 061206 (2003)] for spherical particles. This work extends Li and Wang's spherical particle theory to convex nonspherical particles considering long-range potential, and simplifies this collision integral to a product of the averaged projection area and an enhancement factor for short-range interactions (hard collisions), which is independent of convex particle shape and is identical to the value for a sphere that people are using. We also show that the averaged projection area of a convex particle in free molecular regime for hard collisions is equal to its mobility diameter. The second approach is the averaged-drift-velocity approach using the friction coefficient in a tensor form, which is often employed in aerosol science. We extend this approach in our previous work for axisymmetric particles to develop an expression for the mobility of nonspherical particles in a general form. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this approach is only valid when the particle Brownian rotation is slow compared with the particle translational relaxation time. If the particle Brownian rotation is fast, usually so in the case of very small ions and particles, we propose an "averaged-drag-force" approach. The three approaches are then compared for a randomly oriented rod and the protein GroEL. We show that for a cylinder rod in the free molecular regime at random orientation, the averaged-drag-force approach is identical to the averaged-collision-integral approach for short-range interactions (hard collisions). We then summarize the relationship between collision-integral based approach and tensor based approaches. For readers only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide useful expressions in Tables I and II.