gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Tetraploid and Triploid Hemp (2020)

To maximize yield, cannabidiol (CBD) hemp producers prefer female plants, and this is accomplished by using expensive feminized seed, vegetatively propagated female clones, or by removing male plants from dioecious seed lots. Hemp pollen drifts long distances on wind, and pollination of females reduces CBD content. Induction of triploidy is a common strategy used by plant breeders to produce sterile cultivars of agricultural crops. Triploid (3n) hemp, with three sets of chromosomes, was developed by crossing naturally diploid (2n) hemp with tetraploid (4n) hemp. Tetraploid plants used to create triploids were produced using pregerminated seeds and the mitotic spindle inhibitor colchicine. Seedlings from seeds of ‘Abacas’ × [(‘Otto2’ × ‘BaOx’) × (‘BaOx’ × ‘Colorado Cherry’)] treated with 0.05% colchicine or 0.02% colchicine for 12 hours and longer were significantly shorter than controls and ≤1 cm tall at 10 days after sowing. Surviving seedlings exhibited thickened cotyledons and hypocotyls, which indicated a potential change in ploidy. Tetraploid induction ranged from 26% to 64% for pregerminated seeds of five different hemp cultivars (Abacus × Wife, Cherry Wine, Mountain Mango, Wife, and Youngsim10) treated with 0.05% colchicine for 12 hours. Tetraploids had nearly twice the DNA content as diploids according to flow cytometric analysis. Tetraploid ‘Wife’ had larger stomates and reduced stomatal density compared with diploid ‘Wife’. Four triploid ‘Wife’ genotypes produced from crossing tetraploid ‘Wife’ with diploid ‘Wife’ were acclimated to greenhouse conditions after embryo rescue. DNA content and stomate size of triploid ‘Wife’ was intermediate between the parents. This is the first report of triploid plants of hemp. Future research will evaluate the sterility of triploid hemp.
<title>Tolerancing and testing of CGH aspheric nulls</title> (1999)

In this paper we discuss the results given by the nominal design, tolerance analysis, and tests of aspheric CGH null. The optical testing configuration has been used contained a Zygo interferometer, a self-alignment CGH null and a convex aspheric surface under test with revolution symmetry. The CGH null design has been carried out while taking into consideration the parameters of the test surface such as focal ratio, axial coordinates of the test surface normal as function of radial height, as well as the diffractive technology limits. The worst case generated by Monte Carlo analysis of the tolerance has been used to determine the photolithography tolerances. Finally the CGH null testing results are compared with the nominal design and tolerance analysis predictions.
A New EDI-based Deinterlacing Algorithm (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new deinterlacing algorithm using edge direction field, edge parity, and motion expansion scheme. The algorithm consists of an EDI (edge dependent interpolation)-based intra-field deinterlacing and inter-field deinterlacing that uses block-based motion detection. Most of the EDI algorithms use pixel-by-pixel or block-by-block distance to estimate the edge direction, which results in many annoying artifacts. We propose the edge direction field, and estimate an interpolation direction using the field and SAD (sum of absolute differences) values. The edge direction field is a set of edge orientations and their gradient magnitudes. The proposed algorithm assumes that a local minimum around the gradient edge field is most probably the true edge direction. Our approach provides good visual results in various kinds of edges (horizontal, narrow and weak). And we propose a new temporal interpolation method based on block motion detection. The algorithm works reliably in scenes which have very fast moving objects and low SNR signals. Experimental results on various data set show that the proposed algorithm works well for the diverse kinds of sequences and reconstructs flicker-free details in the static region1.
Different Mechanisms for Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Postprandial Glucose Tolerance in Humans (2006)

Since first-phase insulin responses were similarly reduced in IFG/NGT and NFG/IGT, we conclude that IFG is due to impaired basal insulin secretion and preferential resistance of glucose production to suppression by insulin, as reflected by fasting hyperglycemia despite normal plasma insulin concentrations and increased HOMA-IR, whereas IGT mainly results from reduced second-phase insulin release and peripheral insulin resistance, as reflected by reduced clamp-determined insulin sensitivity.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF INTRAVAGINAL MISOPROSTOL (PGE1) WITH INTRACERVICAL DINOPROSTONE (PGE2) GEL FOR CERVICAL RIPENING AND LABOUR INDUCTION (2020)

Objectives: (1) To compare the efficacy of low dose PGE1 with PGE2 for induction of labour at term. (2) To compare the safety of PGE1 with PGE2 in terms of labour and neonatal outcome. METHODOLOGY: It was an open label randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, J.L.N.M.C.H Bhagalpur. Total 200 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were included in the study. One hundred of them received PGE1 (25 µg repeated 4th hourly to a maximum of six doses) and remaining one hundred received PGE2 (0.5 mg gel repeated 6th hourly to a maximum of three doses). Analysis was done with respect to age, parity, gestational age, indication for induction, number of doses required, oxytocin requirement, mode of delivery, indication if LSCS done, induction delivery interval, complications and neonatal outcome with respect to 5 minutes APGAR score, meconium stained liquor and NICU admission. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable to age, parity and gestational age. Oxytocin requirement was more for PGE2 group (63%) than PGE1 group (35%). LSCS rate was 26% for PGE1 group compared to 23% in PGE2 group. The major indication for LSCS was fetal distress , more in PGE1 (80%) group than PGE2(73%) group, whereas the incidence of failed induction and failure to progress was more in PGE2 group. Incidence of traumatic PPH was 11% in PGE1 group compared to 6% in PGE2 group. Incidence of atonic PPH was 3% in PGE2 group which was 2% in PGE1 group. Other complications and induction to delivery interval were comparable in both groups. Neonatal outcome in terms of 5 minutes APGAR < 7, NICU admission rates and meconium staining of liquor were all less with PGE2 group. CONCLUSION: Dinoprostone (PGE2) appears to be a safer inducing agent in view of fewer complications with respect to labour and neonatal outcome with induction delivery interval almost equal in both drugs. Misoprostol is efficacious and low cost agent for cervical ripening and labour induction. But even with low dose regimens (25 µg repeated 4th hourly to a maximum of 6 doses), it is associated with increased uterine contraction abnormalities, Fetal HR irregularities; NICU admission rates and low APGAR scores. Although it is efficacious, it requires extensive trials to determine the appropriate dose and route of administration.
 Keywords: Cervical Ripening; Dinoprostone; Labour Induction; Misoprostol
Switching of Enzymatic Activity through Functional Connection of Molecular Recognition on Lipid Bilayer Membranes (2004)

This article provides an overview of our recent studies on developing functionalized lipid bilayer membranes, on which enzymatic activity was controlled by a molecular switch through connection of molecular recognition. A water-soluble enzyme, such as lactate dehydrogenase, was immobilized noncovalently on the lipid vesicular surface maintaining the catalytic activity. Various types of molecular switches capable of performing as ditopic receptors for an organic signal molecule and a metal ion were prepared and embedded in the lipid membrane. The resulting supramolecular assemblies exhibited the functions of molecular devices triggered by an input signal, which synchronize the enzymatic activity with the recognition of the molecular switch by using a metal ion as a mediator species between the enzyme and the molecular switch. The cationic bilayer membrane formed with the synthetic peptide lipids or the Cerasome-forming lipids is an effective platform for such molecular devices.
Laser-aided Infrared Visual Inertial Odometry for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Multi-plane Constraint (2018)

In this work, we propose an infrared visual inertial odometry (VIO) algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for both daytime and nighttime. It utilizes images from a single downward-looking thermal camera, and uses a laser scanner to measure relative distance to determine the scale factor. The scale recovery process consists of a comprehensive logic flow to try out measurements into a homography decomposition with a multi-plane constraint, obtaining the results with minimum error, making the algorithm more robust. Moreover, other modifications, such as keyframe idea and pruning KLT tracker with sub-regions further improves the performance. Besides, the results are fused with an on-board IMU through an EKF-based sensor fusion framework. This infrared visual inertial odometry algorithm can still navigate UAVs during the missions when GPS is down or not reliable or under poor illumination condition.
Modeling and control of flexible HEV charging station upgraded with flywheel energy storage (2014)

This paper deals with the design of a fast DC charging station (FCS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) that is connected at a remote location. Power rating of this new technology can go up to a hundred kW and it represents a main challenge for its broad acceptance in distribution systems. In that sense, growing number of these stations, if operated in a non-flexible regime, will start to cause problems in future distribution systems such as overloads of local network's corridors and reduction of its total equivalent spinning reserves. A power balancing strategy based on a local energy storage system (ESS) is proposed in this paper. Flywheel has been selected as the means of storing energy as it provides high power density and does not have significant performance degradation along its lifetime. Implemented control algorithm uses the energy stored in flywheel to compensate for the peak of power introduced by HEV charger, avoiding big initial stress in grid converter and also is able to limit the maximum extracted power. In addition, feed-forward compensation has been implemented to reduce the voltage dip within the station. Real time simulation results, that prove the validity of proposed approach, have been presented.
MeroGel Hyaluronic Acid Sinonasal Implants: Osteogenic Implications (2002)

MeroGel, a unique esterified form of hyaluronic acid, induced bone formation within the sinonasal cavity and on the calvaria of mice implanted with it. Our experiments suggest that, when placed adjacent to traumatized, remodeling bone, MeroGel may have osteogenic potential.
Three-dimensional neural net for learning visuomotor coordination of a robot arm (1990)

An extension of T. Kohonen's (1982) self-organizing mapping algorithm together with an error-correction scheme based on the Widrow-Hoff learning rule is applied to develop a learning algorithm for the visuomotor coordination of a simulated robot arm. Learning occurs by a sequence of trial movements without the need for an external teacher. Using input signals from a pair of cameras, the closed robot arm system is able to reduce its positioning error to about 0.3% of the linear dimensions of its work space. This is achieved by choosing the connectivity of a three-dimensional lattice consisting of the units of the neural net.
Pacemaker Mediated Tachycardia as a Complication of the Autointrinsic Conduction Search Function (2004)

The autointrinsic conduction search (AICS) option, featured on some DDD pacemakers, performs periodic assessments of atrioventricular (AV) conduction capability during a single beat AV delay extension. Demonstration of ventricular conduction during the prolonged AV delay, permits ongoing AV delay extension if the patient's intrinsic conduction is preferred to ventricular pacing. A case is presented where the wide separation of atrial and ventricular pacing during the conduction search permitted retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction, precipitating pacemaker mediated tachycardia (PMT) on seven occasions in one patient. Two onset patterns are reported, both attributable to the AICS option. Recommendations for prevention strategies are made.
An improved integration replacement/disruption method for mutagenesis of yeast essential genes. (2000)

We improved the integration replacement/disruption method (Shortle, D., Novic, P., and Botstein, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 4889-4893, 1984) for isolating mutants in any of essential genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by integrating mutagenized DNA into the wild type gene of interest. We adopted this method to isolate temperature-sensitive mutants of the MPC1 gene encoding the YLL031C ORF. To facilitate integration of the mutagenic plasmid at a site near the 5' end of the ORF, a BamHI site was created at 300 bp downstream of the 5' end of the truncated ORF to be mutagenized. The MPC1 gene was disrupted in the wild type haploid strain by integrating a 5'-truncated derivative of the gene with mutations induced by in vitro mutagenesis. Transformants thus obtained were subjected for diagnosis of conditional lethality by replica-plating onto an appropriate selection medium to detect mutants. A primary mutant isolated by this method reverted in a high frequency due to a tandem repeat created by mutagenic integration. We deviced a method to obtain a stable temperature-sensitive strain by disrupting the tandem duplication. Two stable temperature-sensitive mutants thus obtained were found to be remedial either with 1 M sorbitol or with 0.1 M Mg2+ and to be sensitive to local anestheticum, tetracaine, at 25 degrees C.
Differential binding of gold-labeled zona pellucida glycoproteins mZP2 and mZP3 to mouse sperm membrane compartments (1991)

Egg zona pellucida glycoproteins mZP3 and mZP2 serve as primary and secondary sperm receptors, respectively, during initial stages of fertilization in mice [Wassarman (1988) A. Rev. Biochem. 57, 415-442]. These receptors interact with complementary egg-binding proteins (EBPs) located on the sperm surface to support species-specific gamete adhesion. Results of whole-mount autoradiographic experiments suggest that purified egg mZP3 and mZP2 bind preferentially to acrosome-intact (AI) and acrosome-reacted (AR) sperm heads, respectively [Bleil and Wassarman (1986) J. Cell Biol. 102, 1363-1371]. Here, we used purified egg mZP2, egg mZP3 and fetuin, which were coupled directly to colloidal gold ('gold-probes'), to examine binding of these glycoproteins to membrane compartments of AI and AR sperm by transmission electron microscopy. mZP3 gold-probes were found associated primarily with plasma membrane overlying the acrosomal and post-acrosomal regions of AI sperm heads. They were also found associated with plasma membrane overlying the post-acrosomal region of AR sperm heads. mZP2 gold-probes were found associated primarily with inner acrosomal membrane of AR sperm heads, although some gold was associated with outer acrosomal membrane of AI sperm that had holes in plasma membrane overlying the acrosome. Fetuin gold-probes, used to assess background levels of binding, were bound at relatively low levels to plasma membrane and inner acrosomal membrane of AI and AR sperm, respectively. None of the gold-probes exhibited significant binding to sperm tails, or to red blood cells and residual bodies present in sperm preparations. These results provide further evidence that mZP2 and mZP3 bind preferentially to heads of AR and AI sperm, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An economical route to high quality lubricants (1996)

The current rends in the automotive and industrial markets toward more efficient engines, longer drain intervals, and lower emissions all contribute to placing increasingly stringent performance requirements on lubricants. The demand for higher quality synthetic and non-conventional basestocks is expected to grow at a much faster rate than that of conventional lube basestocks to meet these higher performance standards. Yukong Limited has developed a novel technology (the Yukong UCO Lube Process) for the economic production of high quality, high-viscosity-index lube basestocks from a fuels hydrocracker unconverted oil stream. A pilot plant based on this process has been producing oils for testing purposes since May 1994. A commercial facility designed to produce 3,500 BPD of VHVI lube basestocks cane on-stream at Yukong`s Ulsan refinery in October 1995. The Badger Technology Center of Raytheon Engineers and Constructors assisted Yukong during the development of the technology and prepared the basic process design package for the commercial facility. This paper presents process aspects of the technology and comparative data on investment and operating costs. Yukong lube basestock product properties and performance data are compared to basestocks produced by conventional means and by lube hydrocracking.
Automatic Detection of Speech Under Cold Using Discriminative Autoencoders and Strength Modeling with Multiple Sub-Dictionary Generation (2018)

In this paper we aim to tackle the Cold sub-challenge proposed in the INTERSPEECH 2017 ComParE Challenge. The goal is to determine whether given speech is under cold condition. In this paper we present two frameworks. One of them is based on an alternative neural network-based autoencoder using two different loss functions. The first one is the standard reconstruction error used in unsupervised autoencoder, and the hinge loss (second loss function) is incorporated into the middle layer to attract utterances spoken by the same condition into similar identity code spaces. The classification is then carried out by comparing the cosine similarity of identity codes between the target and the mean of cold and non-cold utterances. With a simple logistic regression combining our method and the baseline systems predictions, we achieve 65.81 % and 66% UAR on development set and test set provided by 2017 ComParE, respectively. Another approach is based on strength modeling, where diverse classifiers' confidence outputs are concatenated to original feature space as input to the support vector machine. The feature representations are derived from multiple sub-dictionary within the framework of GMM Fisher-vector encoding and eGeMAPS functional features concatenating with diverse classifiers. We achieve 70.2% and 65.5% on development and test set provided by 2017 ComPareE, respectively.
Collagen Degradation by Host-derived Enzymes during Aging (2004)

Incompletely infiltrated collagen fibrils in acid-etched dentin are susceptible to degradation. We hypothesize that degradation can occur in the absence of bacteria. Partially demineralized collagen matrices (DCMs) prepared from human dentin were stored in artificial saliva. Control specimens were stored in artificial saliva containing proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, or pure mineral oil. We retrieved them at 24 hrs, 90 and 250 days to examine the extent of degradation of DCM. In the 24-hour experimental and 90- and 250-day control specimens, we observed 5- to 6-microm-thick layers of DCM containing banded collagen fibrils. DCMs were almost completely destroyed in the 250-day experimental specimens, but not when incubated with enzyme inhibitors or mineral oil. Functional enzyme analysis of dentin powder revealed low levels of collagenolytic activity that was inhibited by protease inhibitors or 0.2% chlorhexidine. We hypothesize that collagen degradation occurred over time, via host-derived matrix metalloproteinases that are released slowly over time.
Mitochondrial genome evolution and tRNA truncation in Acariformes mites: new evidence from eriophyoid mites (2016)

The subclass Acari (mites and ticks) comprises two super-orders: Acariformes and Parasitiformes. Most species of the Parasitiformes known retained the ancestral pattern of mitochondrial (mt) gene arrangement of arthropods, and their mt tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf structure. All of the species of the Acariformes known, however, have rearranged mt genomes and truncated mt tRNAs. We sequenced the mt genomes of two species of Eriophyoidea: Phyllocoptes taishanensis and Epitrimerus sabinae. The mt genomes of P. taishanensis and E. sabinae are 13,475 bp and 13,531 bp, respectively, are circular and contain the 37 genes typical of animals; most mt tRNAs are highly truncated in both mites. On the other hand, these two eriophyoid mites have the least rearranged mt genomes seen in the Acariformes. Comparison between eriophyoid mites and other Aacariformes mites showed that: 1) the most recent common ancestor of Acariformes mites retained the ancestral pattern of mt gene arrangement of arthropods with slight modifications; 2) truncation of tRNAs for cysteine, phenylalanine and histidine occurred once in the most recent common ancestor of Acariformes mites whereas truncation of other tRNAs occurred multiple times; and 3) the placement of eriophyoid mites in the order Trombidiformes needs to be reviewed.
Cylindrical laser resonator (2023)

The properties of an improved class of lasers is presented. In one configuration of these lasers the radiation propagates radially within the amplifying medium, resulting in high fields and symmetric illumination at the resonator axis. Thus there is a strong focusing of energy at the axis of the resonator. In a second configuration the radiation propagates back and forth in a tubular region of space.
High‐intensity red light suppresses melatonin (2006)

Early studies on rodents indicated that the long-wavelength portion of the spectrum (orange- and red-appearing light) could influence circadian and neuroendocrine responses. Since then, both polychromatic and analytic action spectra in various rodent species have demonstrated that long-wavelength light is very weak, if not entirely inactive, for regulating neurobehavioral responses. Since testing of monochromatic light wavelengths above 600 nm is uncommon, many researchers have assumed that there is little to no effect of red light on the neuroendocrine or circadian systems. The aims of the following studies were to test the efficacy of monochromatic light above 600 nm for melatonin suppression in hamsters and humans. Results in hamsters show that 640 nm monochromatic light at 1.1 x 10(17) photons/cm2 can acutely suppress pineal melatonin levels. In normal healthy humans, equal photon density exposures of 1.9 x 10(18) photons/cm2 at 460, 630, and 700 nm monochromatic light elicited a significant melatonin suppression at 460 nm and small reductions of plasma melatonin levels at 630 and 700 nm. These findings are discussed relative to the possible roles of classical visual photoreceptors and the recently discovered intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells for circadian phototransduction. That physiology, and its potential for responding to red light, has implications for domestic applications involving animal care, the lighting of typical human environments, and advanced applications such as space exploration.