gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Direct Assay of Lysosomal Enzymes in Dried Blood Spots: Application to Screening Newborns for Mucopolysaccharidosis I (2008)

BACKGROUND: Treatments now available for Mucopolysaccharidosis I require early detection for optimum therapy. Therefore, we have developed an assay appropriate for newborn screening of the activity of the relevant enzyme, α-l-iduronidase. METHODS: We synthesized a new α-l-iduronidase substrate that can be used to assay the enzyme by use of tandem mass spectrometry together with an internal standard. The assay uses a dried blood spot on a newborn screening card as the enzyme source. The assay protocol uses a simple liquid-liquid extraction step prior to mass spectrometry. We optimized enzyme reaction conditions and procedures for the assay, including the concentration of substrate, the reaction pH, the incubation time, and mass spectrometer operation. We also assessed inter- and intra-assay imprecision. RESULTS: When the assay was tested on dried blood spots, the α-l-iduronidase activity measured for 5 patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis I was well below the interval found for 10 randomly chosen newborns. Inter- and intra-assay imprecision were less than 10 %. The synthesis of the α-l-iduronidase substrate is practical on a scale needed to support newborn screening demands. CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed tandem mass spectrometry assay has the potential to be adopted for newborn screening of Mucopolysaccharidosis I. It presents advantages compared to the one previously published from this laboratory and has the potential to be performed in a multiplex fashion with several lysosomal enzymes relevant to treatable lysosomal storage diseases.
Select-free instruction scheduling logic (2001)

Pipelining allows processors to exploit parallelism. Unfortunately, critical loops---pieces of logic that must evaluate in a single cycle to meet IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) goals---prevent deeper pipelining. In today's processors, one of these loops is the instruction scheduling (wakeup and select) logic [10]. This paper describes a technique that pipelines this loop by breaking it into two smaller loops: a critical, single-cycle loop for wakeup; and a non-critical, potentially multi-cycle, loop for select. For the 12 SPECint*2000 benchmarks, a machine with two-cycle select logic (i. e., three-cycle scheduling logic) using this technique has an average IPC 15% greater than a machine with three-cycle pipelined conventional scheduling logic, and an IPC within 3% of a machine of the same pipeline depth and one-cycle (ideal) scheduling logic. Since select accounts for more than half the scheduling latency [10], this technique could significantly increase clock frequency while having minimal impact on IPC.
Prevention of Stroke with Ticagrelor in Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01225562.
Protective Antiviral Immunity Conferred by a Nonintegrative Lentiviral Vector-Based Vaccine (2008)

Lentiviral vectors are under intense scrutiny as unique candidate viral vector vaccines against tumor and aggressive pathogens because of their ability to initiate potent and durable specific immune responses. Strategies that alleviate safety concerns will facilitate the clinical developments involving lentiviral vectors. In this respect, the development of integration deficient lentiviral vectors circumvents the safety concerns relative to insertional mutagenesis and might pave the way for clinical applications in which gene transfer is targeted to non-dividing cells. We thus evaluated the potential use of nonintegrative lentiviral vectors as vaccination tools since the main targeted cell in vaccination procedures is the non-dividing dendritic cell (DC). In this study, we demonstrated that a single administration of nonintegrative vectors encoding a secreted form of the envelope of a virulent strain of West Nile Virus (WNV) induces a robust B cell response. Remarkably, nonintegrative lentiviral vectors fully protected mice from a challenge with a lethal dose of WNV and a single immunization was sufficient to induce early and long-lasting protective immunity. Thus, nonintegrative lentiviral vectors might represent a safe and efficacious vaccination platform for the development of prophylactic vaccines against infectious agents.
WearDrive: fast and energy-efficient storage for wearables (2015)

Size and weight constraints on wearables limit their bat-tery capacity and restrict them from providing rich func-tionality. The need for durable and secure storage for personal data further compounds this problem as these features incur energy-intensive operations. This paper presents WearDrive, a fast storage system for wearables based on battery-backed RAM and an efficient means to offload energy intensive tasks to the phone. WearDrive leverages low-power network connectivity available on wearables to trade the phone’s battery for the wearable’s by performing large and energy-intensive tasks on the phone while performing small and energy-efficient tasks locally using battery-backed RAM. WearDrive improves the performance of wearable applications by up to 8.85x and improves battery life up to 3.69x with negligible im-pact to the phone’s battery life. 1
Nucleotide sequence and taxonomy of maize chlorotic dwarf virus within the family Sequiviridae. (1997)

The complete sequence of a Tennessee isolate of maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV-TN) was determined from cDNA clones and by direct sequencing of the viral RNA. The genome is 11813 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains one large open reading frame between nt 435 and 10763 that encodes a polyprotein of 3443 amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined for the three capsid proteins. All three were adjacent, starting at nt 2526 and putatively ending at nt 3761. Comparison of the sequence of MCDV-TN with other viral sequences revealed similarities to several plant picorna-like viruses including members of the Sequiviridae, Comoviridae and Potyviridae. This work also provides evidence based on genome organization that MCDV-TN is a member of the genus Waikavirus within the family Sequiviridae.
Simple burner for laser probing of flames (1982)

A research burner for the study of combustion of premixed gases is described. Advantages include access to preheat and primary reaction zones of flames for laser probing, very low heat loss to the burner, and ease of construction. Measurements made with two flame systems to demonstrate performance are reported.
Two Discourse Tree - Based Approaches to Indexing Answers (2019)

We explore anatomy of answers with respect to which text fragments from an answer are worth matching with a question and which should not be matched. We apply the Rhetorical Structure Theory to build a discourse tree of an answer and select elementary discourse units that are suitable for indexing. Manual rules for selection of these discourse units as well as automated classification based on web search engine mining are evaluated concerning improving search accuracy. We form two sets of question-answer pairs for FAQ and community QA search domains and use them for evaluation of the proposed indexing methodology, which delivers up to 16 percent improvement in search recall.
High-energy chirped pulse amplification using a quasi-phase-matched parametric amplifier (1997)

High energy femtosecond pulse amplification is demonstrated in a simple and compact arrangement using periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) as a parametric amplifier and employing chirped pulse amplification. A single-pass gain of 40 dB is observed for 5 mJ 0.5 ns pump pulses at 786 nm in a 5-mm-long PPLN crystal, generating 1 mJ 680 fs amplified optical pulses at 1555 nm.
Long-Term Preservation of Mouse Spermatozoa after Freeze-Drying and Freezing Without Cryoprotection1 (2003)

The widespread production of mice with transgenes, disrupted genes and mutant genes, has strained the resources available for maintaining these mouse lines as live populations, and dependable methods for gamete and embryo preservation in these lines are needed. Here we report the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with spermatozoa freeze-dried or frozen without a cryoprotectant after storage for periods up to 1.5 years. Freeze-dried samples were stored at 4 degrees C. Samples frozen without cryoprotection were maintained at -196 degrees C. After storage, spermatozoa were injected into the oocytes by ICSI. Zygotic chromosomes and fetal development at Day 15 of gestation were examined after 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo of sperm storage. When fresh spermatozoa were used for ICSI, 96% of resultant zygotes contained normal chromosomes, and 58% of two-cell embryos transferred developed to normal viable fetuses. Similar results were obtained when spermatozoa were frozen without cryoprotection and then used for ICSI (87% and 45%, respectively; P > 0.05) and after 12 mo of sperm storage (mean of six endpoints examined: 87% and 52%, respectively; P > 0.05). Freeze-drying decreased the proportion of zygotes with normal karyoplates (75% vs. 96%; P < 0.001) and the proportion of embryos that developed into fetuses (35% vs. 58%; P < 0.001), but similar to freezing, there was no further deterioration during 12 mo of storage (mean of six endpoints examined: 68% and 34%, respectively; P > 0.05). Live offspring were obtained from both freeze-dried and frozen spermatozoa after storage for 1.5 yr. The results indicate that 1) the freeze-drying procedure itself causes some abnormalities in spermatozoa but freezing without cryoprotection does not and 2) long-term storage of both frozen and freeze-dried spermatozoa is not deleterious to their genetic integrity. Freezing without cryoprotection is highly successful, simple, and efficient but, like all routine sperm storage methods, requires liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is also required for freeze-drying, but sperm can then be stored at 4 degrees C and shipped at ambient temperatures. Both preservation methods are successful, but rapid freezing without cryoprotection is the preferred method for preservation of spermatozoa from mouse strains carrying unique genes and mutations.
The serverless trilemma: function composition for serverless computing (2017)

The field of serverless computing has recently emerged in support of highly scalable, event-driven applications. A serverless application is a set of stateless functions, along with the events that should trigger their activation. A serverless runtime allocates resources as events arrive, avoiding the need for costly pre-allocated or dedicated hardware.
Reversible lysine acetylation controls the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (2006)

We report that human acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (AceCS2) is a mitochondrial matrix protein. AceCS2 is reversibly acetylated at Lys-642 in the active site of the enzyme. The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT3 interacts with AceCS2 and deacetylates Lys-642 both in vitro and in vivo. Deacetylation of AceCS2 by SIRT3 activates the acetyl-CoA synthetase activity of AceCS2. This report identifies the first acetylated substrate protein of SIRT3. Our findings show that a mammalian sirtuin directly controls the activity of a metabolic enzyme by means of reversible lysine acetylation. Because the activity of a bacterial ortholog of AceCS2, called ACS, is controlled via deacetylation by a bacterial sirtuin protein, our observation highlights the conservation of a metabolic regulatory pathway from bacteria to humans.
High Energy Density Carbon Nanotube-Based Supercapacitors (2022)

We have developed supercapacitors utilizing electrodes made of binder-free carbon nanotube (CNT) / activated carbon (AC) composites. Due to the absence of organic binder our supercapacitors exhibit a significantly higher volumetric capacitance of ~20 F/cc compared to conventional supercapacitors while maintaining low resistance. This results in higher energy in the same package or smaller, more compact package size (lower volume) with same energy. Our cells pass 1,000 hour float tests at 2.7V between -35°C and 70°C, as well as high voltage operation at 3V and 70°C. Operation for 100,000 continuous cycles at 85°C was also achieved. Flat format supercapacitor pouch cells > 100 F have been demonstrated that can be integrated into automotive panels for autonomous power. Notable features of our CNT/AC composite supercapacitor technology include: Scalable R2R coating of CNT/AC electrodes without additives. Option of water-based process with no solvent recovery Binder-free CNT/AC electrodes provide 20% higher energy density than conventional AC-based electrodes (50% higher energy density at 3V) CNT/AC supercapacitor technology is 100% packaging agnostic Fabrication of 18650 EDLC cells rated at ~ 100 F demonstrated, and pouch cells rated at ~ 350 F demonstrated The flat pouch-cell format allows installation in automotive panels as power sources for emergency door lock/unlock applications. Figure 1
Glass‐to‐Glass Bonding for Vacuum Packaging of Field Emission Display in an Ultra‐High‐Vacuum Chamber Using Silicon Thin Film (1999)

Field emission displays (FEDs) are among the most promising flat panel displays, and require a high vacuum for long‐term performance and reliability. In this paper, glass‐to‐glass electrostatic bonding is presented for providing an in situ vacuum packaging of an FED panel in an ultra‐high‐vacuum chamber, based on a conventional Si‐to‐glass anodic bonding mechanism. Using radio‐frequency sputter deposition, amorphous silicon films have been formed on Sn‐doped coated glass substrates. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to characterize the kinetics of the glass‐to‐glass electrostatic bonding. In order to investigate the applicability of this bonding technique to the in situ vacuum packaging of FED devices, the hermetic sealing test of FED panels with an exhausting hole sealed by this technique was experimented under vacuum level. This technique is suitable for mass production environments since it is capable of high‐speed sealing and eliminating the outgassing problem. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Novel NMDA Antagonists: Replacement of the Pyridinium Ring of 6,11-Ethanobenzo[b]quinolizinium Cations with Heteroisoquinolinium Cations (1995)

Replacement of the pyridinium ring of 6,11-ethanobenzo[b]quinolizinium cations with thiazolium (4a and 4b) and N-methylimidazolium (4c and 4d) resulted in equipotent compounds in the [3H]TCP binding assay. The corresponding N-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium analogs were less potent in this assay. The thiazolium derivative 4b, with a Ki = 2.9 nM, is being evaluated as a possible neuroprotective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonist.
Three-dimensional display by smart pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion with tunable focus (2014)

The original aim of the integral-imaging concept, reported by Gabriel Lippmann more than a century ago, is the capture of images of 3D scenes for their projection onto an autostereoscopic display. In this paper we report a new algorithm for the efficient generation of microimages for their direct projection onto an integral-imaging monitor. Like our previous algorithm, the smart pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion (SPOC) algorithm, this algorithm produces microimages ready to produce 3D display with full parallax. However, this new algorithm is much simpler than the previous one, produces microimages free of black pixels, and permits fixing at will, between certain limits, the reference plane and the field of view of the displayed 3D scene. Proofs of concept are illustrated with 3D capture and 3D display experiments.
Broadband CDMA for personal communications systems (1991)

Multipath propagation in a broadband CDMA environment is described. A propagation model for broadband spread-spectrum signals is presented. Experimental results relating to the sharing of the band by fixed service microwave users and mobile personal communications network (PCN) users are discussed. Field tests indicate that PCN systems can provide high-quality communications when sharing the spectrum with fixed-service microwave systems in suburban and urban areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Low RF-Band Impedance Spectroscopy Based Sensor for <i>In Situ</i>, Wireless Soil Sensing (2014)

A novel on-board solution for a robust, accurate and self-calibrating soil moisture and nutrient sensor with inbuilt wireless transmission and reception capability is presented. The sensor can make real time and accurate measurement of subsurface soil moisture and nutrients and is ideally suited to act as a node in a network spread over a large area. It works on the principle of impedance spectroscopy. Impedance measurement at multiple frequencies is done by comparing the amplitude and phase of signals incident on and reflected from the soil in proximity of the sensor. A distributed transmission line model for the on-board connections is employed to improve the accuracy of measurements. Variations in temperature and surroundings are accounted by realizing a built-in self-calibrating mechanism which operates on the standard short-open-load technique. This also accounts for the parasitic impedance of the board in the measurements to minimize the errors. Measurements of both real and imaginary parts of soil impedance at multiple frequencies give the sensor an ability to detect variations in ionic concentrations other than soil moisture content. A switch-controlled multiple power mode transmission and reception is provided to support highly energy efficient medium access control.
Terahertz Light Sources by Electronic-Oscillator-Driven Second Harmonic Generation in Extreme-Confinement Cavities (2021)

We propose a coherent THz source by efficient, cascaded second harmonic generation from electronic oscillators. We introduce hybrid dielectric cavity designs combining extreme field concentration in high-Q resonators with phonon-resonance-enhanced nonlinear materials.
A true differential pyroelectric IR detector with improved D* (2015)

Pyroelectric infrared detectors are used in many commercial and industrial applications. These by nature are “single ended” and thus any electronic perturbation from an external or internal source such as AC pickup or from a nearby RF or other sources of noise can be coupled onto the detector’s output signal. This is in contrast to other IR detectors such as thermopiles, thermistor bolometers and others which are much lower impedance and don’t require these impedance converters are often used in the differential mode. In practice each electrode forming the capacitor is directly connected to an impedance converting amplifier. While exposed to a changing IR signal the capacitor produces current which flows out of one electrode and must be balanced by an equal but opposite current from the other electrode. When these two signals are connected to separate impedance converters the outputs are the same but of opposite sense. When these are connected to a differential amplifier the output is doubled while all the common mode artifact is canceled out. (Patent Pending) The noise in this configuration is primarily from the impedance converters. However as this noise is random it only RMS’s, thus it is only increased by a factor of 1.41 thus the D* of a detector connected will be increased by this factor This connection will work with any pyroelectric material with current or voltage mode impedance conversion and configurations such as parallel or series with and without temperature fluctuation compensation and of course with standard single elements.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-azacytosine arabinoside (1979)

5-Azacytosine arabinoside (ara-AC) can be considered a combination of structural elements derived from the antitumor nucleosides cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and 5-azacytidine (5-AC). The synthesis of ara-AC, for which standard methods were inadequate, was accomplished using the stable dihydro derivative as a synthetic intermediate. A novel dehydrogenation of the latter through the application of a trimethylsilylation-oxidation procedure gave ara-AC in good yield. Using murine L1210 leukemia as a test system, ara-AC was evaluated for antitumor properties in parallel determinations with 5-AC and ara-C. Although higher dose levels were necessary, ara-AC demonstrated a reproducibly greater efficacy in the L1210 system (% ILS = 144-148) than that shown by 5-AC (% ILS = 126-124) or ara-C (% ILS=127-121 ). Moreover, initial data suggest that ara-AC exhibits less host toxicity than either 5-AC or ARA-C. Although ara-AC can equally be considered an analogue of either 5-AC or ara-C, preliminary results indicate that ara-AC is chemically similar to 5-AC but biologically more closely related to ara-C.
Identifying Surface Defect Opening Profiles Based on the Uniform Magnetic Field Distortion (2020)

Accurate identification of the defect opening profile is significant to quantify the size of defects for the ferromagnetic components. However, traditional non-destructive testing methods are difficult to obtain the image of defect opening contours precisely, especially the complex opening shapes. To solve the problem, we developed a novel opening profile identification method based on the distortion of the uniform magnetic field (UMF). This method has the same detection sensitivity to the defect edge in any direction, and accurate imaging of the defect opening profile can be achieved using the vertical component of the UMF distortion signal merely. In order to examine the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method, regular and irregular defect models are simulated. In addition, an experiment for an artificial defect is conducted. All results show that the novel method has great promise in practical application.
Serum/glucocorticoid‐regulated kinase 1 expression in primary human prostate cancers (2011)

SGK1 expression is high in most untreated prostate cancers and declines with androgen deprivation. However, these data suggest that relatively low expression of SGK1 is associated with higher tumor grade and increased cancer recurrence, and is a potential indicator of aberrant AR signaling in these tumors. GR expression increased with androgen deprivation, potentially providing a mechanism for the maintenance of androgen pathway signaling in these tumors. Further study of the AR/GR/SGK1 network in castration resistance.
Nonlinear self-training adaptive equalization for partial-response systems (1994)

The authors discuss a new self-training algorithm for adaptive equalization of multilevel partial-response class-IV (PRIV) systems. Adaptive distributed-arithmetic equalizers are considered, where the process of multiplying the tap signals with tap gains and summing the resulting products is replaced by a procedure involving only table look-up and shift-and-add operations. Classical self-training adaptation schemes for linear adaptive equalizers do not converge if applied to distributed-arithmetic equalizers, because of the inherent nonlinearity of the system during the adaptation process. The authors show that, by adopting a generalized stochastic gradient to adjust the look-up tables, the mean-square error converges to a value which depends on the system parameters. For practical system implementation, a two-step modified algorithm is proposed to closely approach in the steady state the minimum achievable mean-square error. Numerical results are presented for multilevel PRIV systems for high-rate data transmission over twisted-pair cables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>