gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reconfigurable 3D Engineering Shape Search System: Part II — Database Indexing, Retrieval, and Clustering (2003)

This paper introduces database and related techniques for a reconfigurable, intelligent 3D engineering shape search system, which retrieves similar 3D models based on their shape content. Feature vectors, which are numeric “fingerprints” of 3D models, and skeletal graphs, which are the “minimal representations of the shape content” of a 3D model, represent the shape content. The Euclidean distance of the feature vectors, as well as the distance between skeletal graphs, provides indirect measures of shape similarity between the 3D models. Critical database issues regarding 3D shape search systems are discussed: (a) database indexing, (b) semantic gap, (c) subjectivity of similarity, and (d) database clustering. An Rtree based multidimensional index is used to speed up the feature-vector based search operation, while a decision treebased approach is used for efficiently indexing/searching skeletal graphs. Interactions among users and the search system, such as relevance feedback and feature vector reconfiguration, are used to bridge the semantic gap and to customize the system for different users. Database clustering of the R-tree index is compared with that generated by a selforganizing map (SOM). Synthetic databases and real 3D model databases are employed to investigate the efficiency of the multidimensional index and the effectiveness of relevance feedback.
Affordable Cyclostationarity-Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio With Smart Antennas (2010)

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is a promising way to improve the bandwidth efficiency of underutilized radio spectra. For practical CR systems with limited <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> knowledge of the primary users' signal characteristics, spectrum sensing is mainly based on energy detection and cyclostationary feature detection. Energy detection is simple and practical but becomes ineffective at a low signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). Conventional cyclostationary feature detection based on cyclic spectrum estimation can robustly detect weak signals from primary users by only exploiting the cyclostationarity property of communication signals. However, the high implementation complexity it requires limits its widespread usage. In the literature, the use of smart-antenna technology is suggested to track the locations of the primary users and apply transmit beamforming to avoid spatial interference with their signals. The objective of this paper is to establish adaptive cyclostationary (receive) beamforming as an effective spectrum-sensing method with affordable complexity for multiple-antenna cognitive radio. Specifically, we introduce a new spectrum-sensing method that exploits a recently proposed beamforming algorithm, called the adaptive cross-self-coherent-restoral (ACS) algorithm. The complexity of the resultant algorithm is higher than that of the energy detector but is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that of the previous cyclostationary feature detectors, such as the Fourier spectrum cyclic density analysis method and its multitaper-Loe¿ve version. Their performances for spectrum sensing are empirically evaluated and compared in detail in an example.
Ultra-thin enzymatic liquid membrane for CO2 separation and capture (2018)

The limited flux and selectivities of current carbon dioxide membranes and the high costs associated with conventional absorption-based CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration call for alternative CO<sub>2</sub> separation approaches. Here we describe an enzymatically active, ultra-thin, biomimetic membrane enabling CO<sub>2</sub> capture and separation under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. The membrane comprises a ~18-nm-thick close-packed array of 8 nm diameter hydrophilic pores that stabilize water by capillary condensation and precisely accommodate the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). CA catalyzes the rapid interconversion of CO<sub>2</sub> and water into carbonic acid. By minimizing diffusional constraints, stabilizing and concentrating CA within the nanopore array to a concentration 10× greater than achievable in solution, our enzymatic liquid membrane separates CO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature and atmospheric pressure at a rate of 2600 GPU with CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> selectivities as high as 788 and 1500, respectively, the highest combined flux and selectivity yet reported for ambient condition operation.
Keratan sulfate levels in sera of patients bearing cartilage tumors (1987)

Previous studies on chondrosarcoma proteoglycans have suggested that keratan sulfate content and average keratan sulfate chain length may be inversely related to the degree of cartilage tumor malignancy. The present study extended this work to an analysis of serum keratan sulfate in chondrosarcoma patients. Keratan sulfate levels of 24 adult patients bearing cartilage tumors were observed to be higher than that for age- and sex-matched controls. In nine of ten patients, keratan sulfate level exhibited a significant decrease following removal of the tumor. Analysis of five general hospital patients before and after surgery did not detect such a change. The data were suggestive of an inverse relationship between tumor histopathologic grade and presurgical serum keratan sulfate concentration. Finally, despite the wide range of serum values within each histopathologic tumor group, sequential serum keratan sulfate measurements may be useful in monitoring patients for secondary growth of chondrosarcoma tumors after primary excision.
Conditions and mechanism of formation of nano-polycrystalline diamonds on direct transformation from graphite and non-graphitic carbon at high pressure and temperature (2006)

The conditions and mechanism of formation of nano-polycrystalline diamonds directly from graphite and non-graphitic carbon (carbon black, glassy carbon, C60 and carbon nanotubes) at high pressure and high temperature have been investigated. The onset temperature for diamond formation at P≥q 15 GPa is 1500–1600 °C for all carbon materials, although the required temperature conditions for pure polycrystalline diamond are T≥q 2200 °C for graphite and T≥q 1600 °C for non-graphitic carbon. Polycrystalline diamond forms as a result of simultaneous diffusion and two-step martensitic processes from graphite, whereas it forms only due to diffusion without graphitization or formation of intermediate phases from non-graphitic carbon. Nano-polycrystalline diamonds consisting only of very fine particles (<10 nm in size) can be obtained from non-graphitic carbon at T∼ 1600–2000 °C under pressures≥q15 GPa.
Capturing and Reproducing Spatial Audio Based on a Circular Microphone Array (2013)

This paper proposes a real-time method for capturing and reproducing spatial audio based on a circular microphone array. Following a different approach than other recently proposed array-based methods for spatial audio, the proposed method estimates the directions of arrival of the active sound sources on a per time-frame basis and performs source separation with a fixed superdirective beamformer, which results in more accurate modelling and reproduction of the recorded acoustic environment. The separated source signals are downmixed into one monophonic audio signal, which, along with side information, is transmitted to the reproduction side. Reproduction is possible using either headphones or an arbitrary loudspeaker configuration. The method is compared with other recently proposed array-based spatial audio methods through a series of listening tests for both simulated and real microphone array recordings. Reproduction using both loudspeakers and headphones is considered in the listening tests. As the results indicate, the proposed method achieves excellent spatialization and sound quality.
Cone-beam Tomography from Short-Scan Circle-plus-Arc Data Measured on a C-arm System (2006)

In C-arm computed tomography (CT) systems, the source trajectory does not follow an ideal trajectory. Thus, the real data acquisition geometry is typically expressed by a sequence of projection matrices. However, exact reconstruction algorithms are based on an analytic expression of the projection geometry. In this work, we present a reformulation of an exact reconstruction method to handle projection matrices. In particular, the M-line approach is investigated for a short-scan circle-plus-arc data acquisition. The computation of the derivative with respect to the source trajectory is numerically most critical for which a novel and stable implementation is developed. In order to determine the backprojection range, a 2D polygonal weighting scheme is proposed. Image results are presented from phantom data acquired by a Siemens AXIOM Artis C-arm system. Excellent image results are achieved. Due to the complete data acquisition, the problem of cone artifacts is totally resolved.
Dependence of resonance frequencies and attenuation for large encapsulated bubbles on bubble wall thickness and bubble fill-material (2013)

Arrays of large encapsulated bubbles are currently under development for the purpose abating low-frequency anthropogenic underwater noise from various sources including marine pile driving and oil and gas exploration and production. An existing predictive model [Church, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1510–1521 (1995)], which was originally intended to describe propagation through suspensions of microbubbles used as ultrasound contrast agents, was previously found to be in good agreement with resonance frequency and attenuation measurements using large encapsulated with radii on the order of 10 cm [Lee et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am 132, 2039 (2012); Lee and Wilson, Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 19, 075048 (2013)]. For the current study, both laboratory and lake experiments were performed on large encapsulated bubbles to investigate the dependence of the bubbles’ resonance frequencies and attenuation on the bubble wall thickness. Additionally, laboratory measurements were made to investigate the effects on encapsulated bubble resonance frequencies and damping using bubble fill-materials other than air, and a lake experiment was then performed to relate these effects on the damping to the attenuation provided by arrays of such bubbles. [Work supported by AdBm Technologies.]
Dislocation engineering for a silicon-based light emitter at 1.5 &#x03BC; (2006)

A new concept for a Si light emitting diode (LED) capable of emitting at 1.5 mum efficiently is proposed. It utilizes radiation from a well-defined dislocation network created in a reproducible manner by Si wafer direct bonding. The wavelength of the light emitted from the network can be tailored by adjusting the misorientation between the Si wafers
Wearable microtubular sensor for pulse monitoring (2017)

Real-time arterial pulse monitoring facilitates early detection of diseases and disorders of human heart and vascular system, and can improve patient survival rate and reduces healthcare costs. However, current pulse monitoring devices are cumbersome and fail to conform to the skin perfectly. In contrast, wearable devices can enable point-of-care health monitoring and provide advantages such as unobtrusiveness, compact size, and light weight. In this presentation, a soft microtubular sensor as small as a strand of hair is proposed as a fast, low cost, reliable and imperceptible human pulse monitoring solution. This microtubular sensor features a unique architecture comprising a liquid-state conductive element (eGaIn) core and an ultrathin silicone elastomer microtube, which responds to subtle epidermal pressure perturbations based on sensor resistance change. Its performance, such as sensitivity, durability and wearability, is investigated. The microtubular sensor can distinguish forces as small as 5 mN and possesses a high force sensitivity of 68 N-1, and can withstand cyclical compressive loading. Brachial and radial arterial pulse waves are continuously monitored with high fidelity using the microtubular sensor. The microtubular sensor showed that, compared to the rest state, radial pulse rate and pressure after exercise increased by a factor of ~1.25 and ~1.5, respectively. The outcome of the proposed sensor demonstrates great potential in developing wearable devices for point of care health monitoring.
Viability of dynamic cooling control in a data center environment (2006)

Data center thermal management challenges have been steadily increasing over the past few years due to rack level power density increases resulting from system level compaction. These challenges have been compounded by antiquated environmental control strategies designed for low power density installations and for the worst-case heat dissipation rates in the computer systems. Current data center environmental control strategies are not energy efficient when applied to the highly dynamic, high power density data centers of the future. Current techniques control the computer room air conditioning units (CRACs) based on the return air temperature of the air â typically set near 20 C. Blowers within the CRACs are normally operated at maximum flow rate throughout the operation of the data center unless they are equipped with non-standard variable frequency drives. At this setting the blowers typically provide significantly more airflow than is required by the equipment racks to prevent recirculation and the subsequent formation of hot spots. This strategy tends to be overly conservative and inefficient. As an example air entering a given system housed in a rack undergoes a temperature rise of 15 C due to the heat added by the system. The return air control strategy strives to keep the entire room at a fixed temperature. Therefore in a typical data center the CRAC supply temperature, and hence the air entering the racks, is 13-15 C and the CRAC return is 20-22 C. At these settings the CRACs can consume almost as much energy as the computer equipment they are cooling [1] [2]. Experiments conducted by the authors using these CRAC settings show that nearly 0.7 W is consumed by the environmental control system for every 1 W of heat dissipated by the computer equipment in the authorsâ experimental facility indicating that the energy efficiency of standard data center environmental control systems is poor. This study examines several opportunities for improving thermal management and energy performance of data centers with automatic control. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate how simple, modular control strategies can be implemented. Furthermore, experimental data is presented that show it is possible to improve the energy performance of a data center by up to 70% over current standards while maintaining proper thermal management conditions.
Suppression of linear scattering for a dual-frequency band imaging technique (2010)

Amyloid plaques in brain tissue are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Primary components of these plaques are 40- and 42-residue peptides, denoted A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-42), that are derived by proteolysis of cellular amyloid precursor protein. Synthetic A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-42) form amyloid fibrils in vitro that share many features with the amyloid in plaques. Soluble intermediates in A beta fibrillogenesis, termed protofibrils, have been identified previously, and here we describe the in vitro formation and isolation of A beta(1-40) protofibrils by size exclusion chromatography. In some experiments, the A beta(1-40) was radiomethylated to better quantify various A beta species. Mechanistic studies clarified two separate modes of protofibril growth, elongation by monomer deposition and protofibril-protofibril association, that could be resolved by varying the NaCl concentration. Small isolated protofibrils in dilute Tris-HCl buffers were directed along the elongation pathway by addition of A beta(1-40) monomer or along the association pathway by addition of NaCl. Multi-angle light scattering analysis revealed that protofibrils with initial molecular masses M(w) of (7-30) x 10(3) kDa grew to M(w) values of up to 250 x 10(3) kDa by these two growth processes. However, the mass per unit length of the associated protofibrils was about 2-3 times that of the elongated protofibrils. Rate constants for further elongation by monomer deposition with the elongated, associated, and initial protofibril pools were identical when equal number concentrations of original protofibrils were compared, indicating that the original number of protofibril ends had not been altered by the elongation or association processes. Atomic force microscopy revealed heterogeneous initial protofibrils that became more rodlike following the elongation reaction. Our data indicate that protofibril elongation in the absence of NaCl results from monomer deposition only at the ends of protofibrils and proceeds without an increase in protofibril diameter. In contrast, protofibril association occurs in the absence of monomer when NaCl is introduced, but this association involves lateral interactions that result in a relatively disordered fibril structure.
A NEW CAUSE AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT FOR PROSTATE CANCER (2006)

Normal growth of the prostate and the malignant growth of prostate cancer (CaP) are dependent on androgen (e.g. testosterone) stimulation. Consequently, treatment of CaP by androgen ablation (administering antiandrogens or castration) stops cancer growth but, after a period of remission, growth is renewed and is not susceptible to antiandrogen therapy. This phase of the disease is termed “androgen‐independent”. It is the androgen‐independent growth that must be blocked to conquer CaP. In 1998 we found that androstenediol (Adiol) is an androgen and that its effects are not inhibited by the drugs currently used to treat CaP. Adiol is produced in the adrenals and accumulates in the prostate to concentrations that maximally transactivate the androgen receptor. In a search for inhibitors of Adiol we have made many new steroids; three are effective vs both Adiol and dihydrotestosterone. ADEK is the most suitable for therapy. It is non‐toxic in rats and inhibits growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Supported by the authors (U.W.) and the George Whipple Professor Endowment (U.R.).
A well-defined rhenium(VII) olefin metathesis catalyst (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA well-defined rhenium(VII) olefin metathesis catalystRobert Toreki and Richard R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6, 2448–2449Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00162a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00162a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views816Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High speed interface for system-on-chip design by self-tested self-synchronization (2003)

Global synchronization has been commonly used to protect clocked I/O from data read failure due to metastability. For future high performance system-on-chip design, global synchronization is more difficult as both frequency and chip size increase quickly. This paper addresses a mesochronous clocking (MC) strategy which can be implemented with three self-tested self-synchronization (STSS) methods for parallel data transfer between processing elements (PEs). Compared with global synchronization, MC has many advantages: lower process cost; less power dissipation in clock distribution; no limit in system scale; less delay in long distance data transfer; more simplicity and flexibility in design. The STSS implementations are also very simple and robust, and the metastability in data read is avoided because STSS is completely insensitive to both clock skew and data delay.
Second‐trimester levels of maternal urinary gonadotropin peptide in down syndrome pregnancy (1995)

Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP; beta-core fragment), a major metabolite of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), was shown recently to be markedly elevated in Down syndrome pregnancy between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. To confirm and extend this finding, we obtained maternal urine and matching maternal serum samples from 14 cases of Down syndrome and six other aneuploidies between 17 and 21 weeks of gestation. UGP was measured in all these samples and in 91 singleton control urines. Results were corrected for urinary creatinine level and expressed as multiples of the control median (MOM). hCG levels were assayed in all serum samples from the cases and compared with previously established reference values. The median UGP level in Down syndrome cases was 5.34 MOM (range 2.71-12.57); 88 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile of control levels after modelling. The median maternal serum hCG level for the same cases was 2.20 MOM (range 0.84-3.40); 36 per cent of the values were above the 95th centile. The level of UGP in every case including all other aneuploidies was higher than the comparable maternal serum hCG level. Elevated UGP measurements are strongly associated with fetal Down syndrome during the second trimester and could contribute to improved Down syndrome screening protocols that are more accessible and less expensive than are currently available.
An Fc-Optimized Monoclonal Antibody Against CD32B, the Human Inhibitory Fc-γ Receptor IIB, in the Immunotherapy of B-Cell Malignanacy. (2006)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used in the treatment of lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. The activity of several mAbs depends on the binding of the Fcγ regions to low-affinity Fcγ receptors (FcγR) expressed on effector cells, chiefly mononuclear phagocytes, cells that express both activating and inhibitory FcγRs. FcγRIIB (CD32B), the inhibitory FcγR, is expressed by normal and malignant B lymphocytes and is itself an immunotherapeutic target. A recently characterized anti-human CD32B-specific mAb (2B6) was Fc engineered to customize the FcγR binding profile for increased binding to the activating receptor FcγRIIIA (CD16A), resulting in an improved activating-to-inhibitory binding ratio. Fc-optimized versions of 2B6 showed enhanced cytotoxicity in vitro and increased potency in animal tumor models, including transgenic mice harboring the human low-affinity allele of the activating receptor, CD16A-158phe. The enhancement in tumor depletion correlated with an increased binding to FcγRIV, a mouse functional homolog to human CD16A. The expression of FcγRIV is limited to monocyte and macrophages, consistent with the role of these cells in tumor cell killing in vivo. These data support CD32B as a target for immunotherapy of B cell lymphoproliferative disorders and Fc optimization to increase the activating-to-inhibitory FcγR-binding ratio as a means to designing improved antibodies.