gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology evaluation: fomivirsen, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc/CIBA vision. (2001)

Fomivirsen (ISIS-2922, Vitravene) is an antisense 21 mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide with sequence complementarity to the coding region of the major immediate-early gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Developed by Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc, fomivirsen is the first antisense oligonucleotide to receive approval for licensing and is marketed by Novartis' CIBA Vision. Fomivirsen is administered by intravitreal injection to AIDS patients for the treatment of CMV-induced retinitis. In August 1998, the FDA approved the marketing of Vitravene for the local treatment of CMV retinitis [296420], [296780], and both European and Brazilian registration approval followed in the summer of 1999 [335238].
Swelling and antibacterial properties for the superabsorbent hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles (2007)

Abstract A series of antibacterial superabsorbents containing silver nanoparticles based on sodium acrylate (SA), 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐silver ion complex (VP‐Ag + ) and N , N′ ‐ methylene‐bisacrylamide (NMBA) were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was used as reductant to reduce silver ion complex in the gels through in situ reduction method. The influence of the concentration of VP‐Ag + complex in the superabsorbents on the water absorbency, swelling behavior, and antibacterial effect of Candida albicans was investigated. Results showed that the water absorbency for sodium acrylate and VP copolymeric gel (SV gel) in deionized water was 1016 g H 2 O/g gel, but the water absorbency for SV‐Ag series gel decreased when the silver nanoparticle was added. Results also showed that the antibacterial effect of the superabsorbents increased with an increase of the silver concentration (1 ∼ 10 ppm). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Immature Megakaryocytes in the Mouse: Morphology and quantitation by acetylcholinesterase staining (1981)

Abstract Three types of immature megakaryocytes, detected by their morphological properties, have been characterized in bone marrow of normal C57BL/6 mice. Morphological classification of these cells was carried out by determining (1) presence and relative amount of acetylcholinesterase, (2) cell size, (3) nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, and (4) nuclear shape. The immature megakaryocytes were classified as: (A) cells distinguished by a round nucleus (10.6 +/- 1.1 mu diameter; mean +/- SEM), which had the highest nucleus / cytoplasm ratio and lowest content of acetylcholinesterase; (B) cells with an indented nucleus (13.0 +/- 1.9 mu diameter), which had increased acetylcholinesterase content and reduced nucleus/cytoplasm ratio compared to the round-nucleus cell type; and (C) lobed-nucleus cells (14.5 +/- 2.9 mu diameter), which showed further increase in acetylcholinesterase content and reduction in nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. Increased numbers of immature megakaryocytes were detected, indicating that a proportion of these cells are undetected using conventional staining techniques. Based on the observed alterations in size, acetylcholinesterase content, and nuclear complexity, it was concluded that these cells constitute part of a progressive maturation sequence intermediate between the progenitor cell (CFU-Mk) and mature easily recognizable megakaryocytes.
A New<i>Chlamydia psittaci</i>Strain, TWAR, Isolated in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (1986)

During a 2 1/2-year period, we studied 386 University of Washington students with acute respiratory disease, to determine whether a Chlamydia psittaci strain, here designated TWAR, is an important respiratory pathogen. Serologic evidence of recent TWAR infection was found in 13 students, and the organism was isolated from 8 of these. TWAR infection occurred in 12 percent of the students who had pneumonia (9 of 76), 5 percent of those with bronchitis (3 of 63), and 1 percent of those with pharyngitis (1 of 150). The TWAR infections occurred throughout the study period. Pharyngitis, often accompanied by laryngitis, was a common first symptom. Clinically, the infections resembled those with Myco-plasma pneumoniae; therefore, the patients were given courses of erythromycin used for the treatment of M. pneumoniae infections. This therapy proved to be inadequate. The limited data available suggest that the TWAR strain is a "human" C. psittaci that is spread from human to human, without a bird or animal host.
Use of advantageous, volatile matrices enabled by next‐generation high‐speed matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight imaging employing a scanning laser beam (2015)

These high acquisition speeds now make possible whole new classes of matrices that are unstable under high vacuum for MALDI-MSI studies. This provides researchers with far greater range and flexibility in choosing the best matrix for the given sample and analytes that they wish to detect. In addition, such instruments allow MSI to be performed at higher resolution across larger areas on practical time scales.
Ribosomal Synthesis of Macrocyclic Peptides with Linear γ<sup>4</sup>- and β-Hydroxy-γ<sup>4</sup>-amino Acids (2021)

Herein, we report the ribosomal elongation of linear γ<sup>4</sup>- and β-hydroxy-γ<sup>4</sup>-amino acids (statines) to expand the nonproteinogenic amino acid repertoire of natural product-like combinatorial peptide libraries. First, we demonstrated the successful ribosomal incorporation of four linear γ<sup>4</sup>-amino acids (γ<sup>4</sup>Gly, (<i>S</i>)-γ<sup>4</sup>Ala, (<i>S</i>)-γ<sup>4</sup>Nva, and (<i>R</i>)-γ<sup>4</sup>Leu) into a 10-mer macrocyclic peptide scaffold. Given the promising effects reported for statines on the cell permeability of macrocyclic peptides, we also designed and tested the ribosomal incorporation of six statines derived from Ala and d-val. Four Ala-derived statines were successfully incorporated into peptides, and γ<sup>4S</sup>Ala<sup>3R-OH</sup> (<b>GP2</b>) showed a similar efficiency of incorporation to that of (<i>S</i>)-β<sup>2</sup>hAla and l-Ala. These new building blocks might confer the important pharmacological properties of protease resistance and membrane permeability to macrocyclic peptides and expand the diversity of future combinatorial peptide libraries that can be translated by the ribosome.
whISOBAXTM Inhibits Bacterial Pathogenesis and Enhances the Effect of Antibiotics (2020)

As bacteria are becoming more resistant to commonly used antibiotics, alternative therapies are being sought. whISOBAX (WH) is a witch hazel extract that is highly stable (tested up to 2 months in 37 °C) and contains a high phenolic content, where 75% of it is hamamelitannin and traces of gallic acid. Phenolic compounds like gallic acid are known to inhibit bacterial growth, while hamamelitannin is known to inhibit staphylococcal pathogenesis (biofilm formation and toxin production). WH was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and its synergy with antibiotics determined using checkerboard assays followed by isobologram analysis. WH was also tested for its ability to suppress staphylococcal pathogenesis, which is the cause of a myriad of resistant infections. Here we show that WH inhibits the growth of all bacteria tested, with variable efficacy levels. The most WH-sensitive bacteria tested were <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis,</i> <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, followed by <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Escherichia coli,</i> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. Furthermore, WH was shown on <i>S. aureus</i> to be synergistic to linezolid and chloramphenicol and cumulative to vancomycin and amikacin. The effect of WH was tested on staphylococcal pathogenesis and shown here to inhibit biofilm formation (tested on <i>S. epidermidis</i>) and toxin production (tested on <i>S. aureus</i> Enterotoxin A (SEA)). Toxin inhibition was also evident in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin that induces pathogenesis. Put together, our study indicates that WH is very effective in inhibiting the growth of multiple types of bacteria, is synergistic to antibiotics, and is also effective against staphylococcal pathogenesis, often the cause of persistent infections. Our study thus suggests the benefits of using WH to combat various types of bacterial infections, especially those that involve resistant persistent bacterial pathogens.
Policies in a resource manager of workflow systems: modeling, enforcement and management (1999)

Summary form only given. We are interested in Workflow Management Systems (WFMS), and particularly, in Resource Management (RM) of WFMS. A WFMS consists of coordinating executions of multiple activities, instructing who (resource) do what (activity) and when. The "when" part is taken care of by the workflow engine which orders the executions of activities based on a process definition. The "who" part is handled by the resource manager that aims at finding suitable resources at the run-time for the accomplishment of an activity as the engine steps through the process definition. Resources of different kinds (human and material, for example) constitute the information system of our interest, their management consists of resource modeling and effective allocation upon users' requests. Since resource allocation needs to follow certain general guidelines (authority, security, for example)-no matter who or what application issues requests: so those general guidelines are better considered as part of the resources' semantics. That is the reason why we are interested in resource policy management in RM. Resource policies are general guidelines every individual resource allocation must observe. They differ from process specific policies which are only applied to a particular process. The policy manager is a module within the resource manager, responsible for efficiently managing a (potentially large) set of policies and enforcing them in resource allocation. We propose to enforce policies by query rewriting.
Model guided DLP 3D printing for solid and hollow structure (2021)

Manufacturing speed is one of the biggest challenges in 3D printing. Continuous stereolithography printing can effectively improve the printing speed. However, the model it can print is limited to the hollow out structure or flake structure. In the real application scenario, the models are the composition of multiple kinds of structures such as solid structure, hollow out structure, or flake structure. The continuous stereolithography printing scheme will not work for such models. We first propose a concept of maximum fillable distance (MFD) for a set of resin material and printing settings. And for a specific kind of printing setting, the MFD of resin material at different moving speeds is estimated by experiments. Furthermore, the max-min distance of each slice of the model is computed. And a printing control scheme to combining the continuous and layer-wise printing is generated automatically by comparing the max-min distance and MFD. Using the printing control scheme, two real models are successfully printed.
Controllable readout circuit for indium gallium arsenide photodiode array applications (2009)

This study presents a controllable integration time readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with a 32 by 32 indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) detector array. This ROIC is designed for InGaAs photodiode (PD) array detectors to operate at low input current and is suitable for the focal plane array (FPA) in near infrared (NIR) field. The integration time of this ROIC can be controlled by an external clock pulse, and is adjustable from 0.5 µs to infinity by varying the light intensity. Moreover, the pre-stage of ROIC is based on the buffer gate modulation input (BGMI) architecture with differential structure and a double delta sampling (DDS) circuit, providing better sensitivity, a wider dynamic range, a higher injection efficiency and reduced noise. Further, because this ROIC is built into a sample-and-hold circuit in the unit cell, it can operate in the full frame snapshot mode. The proposed ROIC has 1024 pixels and a 30-µm pixel pitch. It is implemented using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35 µm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) process with a 5-V power supply. The output swing is over 2.2 V. It has ±5% non-linearity, 91.559 mW chip power dissipation and a chip area of 1.628×2.341 mm2 without pads.
Beam Quality Improvement in Broad-Area Semiconductor Lasers via Evanescent Spatial Filtering (2012)

In semiconductor lasers, the unpumped cladding region outside the optical waveguide is nominally lossy. Since the evanescent tail of higher-order waveguide modes extends further into the waveguide cladding, the modal loss increases for high spatial frequency perturbations, creating a weak spatial filter. Increasing the effective laser cavity length in a broad-area laser enhances the effect of this spatial filter, resulting in improved beam quality. Simulations predict that by optimizing the lateral index step and output coupler reflectivity, a factor of two increases the beam brightness with only a 10% penalty in electrical-to-optical efficiency.
Multispectral Image under Tissue Classification Algorithm in Screening of Cervical Cancer (2022)

The objectives of this study were to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer and to explore the application of tissue classification algorithm combined with multispectral imaging in screening of cervical cancer. 50 patients with suspected cervical cancer were selected. Firstly, the multispectral imaging technology was used to collect the multispectral images of the cervical tissues of 50 patients under the conventional white light waveband, the narrowband green light waveband, and the narrowband blue light waveband. Secondly, the collected multispectral images were fused, and then the tissue classification algorithm was used to segment the diseased area according to the difference between the cervical tissues without lesions and the cervical tissues with lesions. The difference in the contrast and other characteristics of the multiband spectrum fusion image would segment the diseased area, which was compared with the results of the disease examination. The average gradient, standard deviation (SD), and image entropy were adopted to evaluate the image quality, and the sensitivity and specificity were selected to evaluate the clinical application value of discussed method. The fused spectral image was compared with the image without lesions, it was found that there was a clear difference, and the fused multispectral image showed a contrast of 0.7549, which was also higher than that before fusion (0.4716), showing statistical difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The average gradient, SD, and image entropy of the multispectral image assisted by the tissue classification algorithm were 2.0765, 65.2579, and 4.974, respectively, showing statistical difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Compared with the three reported indicators, the values of the algorithm in this study were higher. The sensitivity and specificity of the multispectral image with the tissue classification algorithm were 85.3% and 70.8%, respectively, which were both greater than those of the image without the algorithm. It showed that the multispectral image assisted by tissue classification algorithm can effectively screen the cervical cancer and can quickly, efficiently, and safely segment the cervical tissue from the lesion area and the nonlesion area. The segmentation result was the same as that of the doctor's disease examination, indicating that it showed high clinical application value. This provided an effective reference for the clinical application of multispectral imaging technology assisted by tissue classification algorithm in the early screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.
High-Density Lipoprotein as a Therapeutic Target (2007)

At present there is modest evidence to support aggressively increasing HDL-C levels in addition to what is achieved by lifestyle modification alone. Ongoing clinical trials that target specific pathways in HDL metabolism may help expand cardiovascular treatment options.
Alignment technique using wafer rear surface (1992)

A new wafer Rear Surface Alignment (RSA) technique for wafer stepper is proposed. Lithography systems such as wafer steppers are necessary to improve the overlay accuracy corresponding to resolution. For 0.1 ?m lithography, 0.03 ?m (3?) overlay accuracy is required. The RSA has the potential to obtain an overlay accuracy of more than 0.03 ?m (3?), because it is not affected in theory by resist film and asymmetric profile of patterns deformed by various device manufacturing processes. The RSA system, however, is affected by the thickness and tilt of a wafer; the process has been expanded to include the patterning of target marks on the wafer rear surface. These problems arise because the RSA system has not been widely applied to lithography systems. The new RSA called RECT alignment (using REar surface and Canceling Tilt effect) is independent of wafer tilt and dose not require any optics to detect wafer tilt or numerical compensator. The purpose of this paper is to propose the above RSA technique and to validate the RECT alignment optics. Experimental results are as follow: detecting error caused by wafer tilt of 50 ?rad is approximately less than 0.010 ?m. When the conventional sensor is used, on the other hand, the detecting error caused by wafer tilt is more than 0.03 ?m
The Present Condition and Development Trend of Art Market in China (2009)

The art market is a barometer of nation and society economy and political development. Corresponding period would performance dissimilarity characteristic of it. Carry on solution to the present condition, announce to public a dissimilarity reason of end decision factor, find out break of the counter plan be an art object market currently deep turn research of break point. This text, analysis present condition of art market in China, first investigate it’s problem creation of source, then set out from the problem faced by art market in China, summary set out an exhibition art object the counter plan of the market. Thinking of current art market in China faced of the key problem is the indetermination of the market moderate breezes insurance, three false trends widely accepted, privately traded break market rule, decrease of expert's authority and authenticate the imperfection of system. The measure to solve these problems and development art market, should leading artist creations excellent art exquisite article, grow with leading art objects of investment with collect, strengthen art market and system of construction etc.. Key words: Art market, Exquisite article, Collection, Funds push, Take charge of Resume: Le marche des objets d’art est le barometre de l’economie social et du developpement politique d’un pays, les marches des differents periodes montrent les caracteristiques differentes. Destructurer les etats actuels, deceler les facteurs decisifs finales des differentes raisons, trouver des strategiques, ce sont les trouees d’approfondissement des etudes du marche des objets d’art au present. A l’aide de l’analyse les etats actuels du marche chinois des objets d’art. Ce texte recherche d’abord l’origine des problemes,et puis commence par les problemes auxquels le marche chinois des objets d’art fait face, et fait le bilan des politiques du developpement du marche des objets d’art. On croit que les problemes principaux auxquels le marche actuel chinois des objets d’art fait face sont l’incertitude et le risque du marchee, le fait que les trois faux sont en vogue, la destruction des regles de marche provoquee par la transaction clandestine, la reduction des autorites des experts et la manque du systeme d’expertise. Pour developper le marche des objets d’art, il faut conduire les artistes a creer les chef-d’œuvres, former et conduire l’investissement et la collection des objets d’art, renforcer la construction du marche et systeme des objets d’art, etc.. Mots-Cles: marche des objets d’art, chef-d’œuvre, collection, promotion avec le fonds, surveillance et gestion
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGICAL MONITORING OF CYCLOSPORIN A-TREATED RECIPIENTS OF CADAVERIC KIDNEY ALLOGRAFTS (1982)

Twelve cadaveric kidney allograft recipients, who were established preoperatively to be strong responders, were treated with cyclosporin A (Cy A) and subjected to postoperative monitoring of drug levels and immune performances. The Cy A-treated recipients were compared with 72 historical (36 strong and 36 weak immune responders) and 18 current, strong responder, azathioprine-treated control patients. Estimation of Cy A levels in plasma and whole blood revealed that 75% of the drug at trough and 44% at peak was cell bound. Concomitant radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determinations on whole blood yielded concordant values. Trough levels above 200 ng/ ml in plasma and 600 ng/ml in whole blood were associated with toxic manifestations. Although absolute peak levels were not helpful, calculation of peak to trough ratios yielded values which when less than 3.0 predicted toxicity. Post-transplant immune monitoring showed administration of Cy A to be associated with fewer (1) rejection episodes; (2) nonspecific immune events; and (3) donor-specific in vitro reactions than were observed after treatment with azathioprine. Although the activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as natural killers of K562 target cells was not affected by Cy A treatment, their capacity to suppress the generation of a third-party mixed lymphocyte culture was enhanced to the same degree as cells from azathioprine-treated patients. Enumeration of peripheral blood lymphocyte T cell subpopulations using monoclonal xeonoantisera revealed (1) the total number of T cells to be unaffected by administration of either Cy A or azathioprine and (2) a reduction in the ratio of helper-inducer to suppressor-cytotoxic cells specificially in Cy A-treated recipients compared with normal individuals, hemodialysis patients, or azathioprine-treated recipients. Although pharmacological monitoring of blood levels may be useful to discern patients at high risk for toxic complications, the achievement of maximal therapeutic efficacy may depend upon identifying and quantitating the cellular target responsible for the disruption of immune homeostasis observed during Cy A administration.
Java-based continuous browsing of remote maps from a wireless PDA: a feasibility study (2003)

We use a case study (namely, the interactive continuous browsing of large geographical maps provided by a remote GIS server) to evaluate the suitability of state-of-the-art personal digital assistants (PDA) with an embedded Java virtual machine to be used as mobile access points of continuous graphical contents provided on demand by a remote server.