gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Stability and Fluidity in Droplet on Hydrogel Bilayers for Measuring Membrane Protein Diffusion (2007)

We form artificial lipid bilayers suitable for single-molecule fluorescence microscopy by contacting an aqueous droplet with a hydrogel support immersed in a solution of lipid in oil. Our results show that droplet on hydrogel bilayers (DHBs) have high lipid mobilities, similar to those observed in unsupported lipid bilayers. DHBs are also stable over a period of several weeks. We examine membrane protein diffusion in these bilayers and report a decreased lateral mobility of the heptameric beta-barrel pore-forming toxin alpha-hemolysin versus that of its monomeric precursor. These results corroborate previous models of the alpha-hemolysin insertion mechanism where the monomer binds to the lipid bilayer without insertion.
Cell Death and Apoptosis in Ostearthritic Cartilage (2007)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic joint disease in the elderly population, causing significant pain and disability. Because the cardinal feature of OA is a progressive loss of articular cartilage, a great portion of the research endeavour into the pathogenesis of OA has been focused on the regulation of matrix synthesis and degradation. The phenotypic stability and survival of the chondrocytes are essential for the maintenance of a proper cartilage matrix. This has lead to the long-standing assumption that cell death is a central feature in OA cartilage degeneration. The important role of apoptosis in OA has been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo models. However, it should be noted that the relative contribution of apoptotic cell death in the pathogenesis of OA is still difficult to assess because of the chronic nature of the disease process. Therefore, the apoptosis of chondrocytes seems to be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in OA. The death receptor, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways are the major cellular pathways of apoptosis. Of all these elements involved in the apoptosis of chondrocytes, caspase inhibition has been studied with the most detail. Other molecules with the capacity to modulate mitochondria function, phosphatase (PP-1A/B) activity and pro-apoptosis stimuli (NO, prostaglandins, cytokines, ROS) could be excellent targets to block apoptosis of chondrocytes. Finally, the regulation of the natural inhibitors of apoptosis (c-FLIP, BAR, ARC and HC-gp39) could complement the other strategies to reduce cartilage degradation.
Compressor-simulation model with corrections for the level of suction gas superheat (1981)

A compressor simulation model, based on empirical performance curves from reciprocating compressor manufacturers, is discussed. The compressor model is part of a heat pump simulation model being developed for potential use in reducing the amount of testing required for air-to-air heat pumps by the new rating procedures being implemented by DOE. Corrections to the compressor performance curves (maps) are developed to account for the effect of different superheat (or quality) levels on refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor power; the corrections are in general agreement with the average of the available information from manufacturers of two- to four-ton, R-22, hermetic, reciprocating compressors. Comparisons are made between the compressor model predictions and available data from four heat pump experiments. The comparisons indicate that more experimental data are needed at the lower ambient conditions in the heating mode under conditions of wet suction gas and with lower air temperatures over the compressor shell.
Suspended Diamond-Shaped Nanowire With Four {111} Facets for High-Performance Ge Gate-All-Around FETs (2016)

A feasible pathway to scale germanium (Ge) FETs in future technology nodes has been proposed using the tunable diamond-shaped Ge nanowire (NW). The Ge NW was obtained through a simple top-down dry etching and blanket Ge epitaxy techniques readily available in mass production. The different etching selectivity of surface orientations for Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and HBr was employed for the three-step isotropic/anisotropic/isotropic dry etching. The ratio of Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and HBr, mask width, and Ge recess depth were crucial for forming the nearly defect-free suspended Ge channel through effective removal of dislocations near the Si/Ge interface. This technique could also be applied for forming diamond-shaped Si NWs. The suspended diamond-shaped NW gate-all-around NWFETs feature excellent electrostatics, the favorable {111} surfaces along the (110) direction with high carrier mobility, and the nearly defect-free Ge channel. The pFET with a high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio of 6 × 107 and promising nFET performance have been demonstrated successfully.
Business integration of fleet management systems (1993)

Transport by road has been rather like shipping in medieval times; the intrepid explorer/driver would set off, effectively out of touch and out of control until land was reached. Obviously, the quality of management has improved with the introduction of mobile communications by some sectors of the transport market, but goods in carriage still represent the final missing piece of the trade cycle jigsaw. An analysis is made of the new technologies which constitute that final piece of the jigsaw, of which vehicle tracking and fleet management systems are a vital part. The author then looks at the benefits that these technologies offer, and concludes with an assessment of the major problems that are to be overcome before widescale use can be expected.
Mobile Based Trigger System Using Near Ultrasonic Waves (2018)

High-frequency sound waves have a wide spectrum of application in multifarious fields making them an ideal choice for short distance data transmission. A trigger system based on audio beacon uses inaudible high-frequency sound waves to trigger an action on the target user's mobile device. The fundamental idea is to encode the information bits in the sound waves by varying the phase property of the carrier wave, for which phase shift keying is implemented. The beacon emits specific inaudible audio signals, which when received by the device results into some action on the target device. There is no such requirement of special hardware as the audio signals can be played on any traditional speaker set and received by most of the current mobile devices having a microphone. The accuracy of the system strongly relies on the proximity and the amount of noise interference between the beacon and user device. Few of the use cases for such systems include customer tracking inside a shopping mall i.e. in which shop the customer is and showcase of relevant ads based on how long the customer has been in there, approximate location tracking of the user within a premise, using the trigger system as a secondary authentication factor, invoking a certain function or a combination of functions on a mobile device by triggering audio signals.
Implicit Discourse Relation Classification via Multi-Task Neural Networks (2016)

Without discourse connectives, classifying implicit discourse relations is a challenging task and a bottleneck for building a practical discourse parser. Previous research usually makes use of one kind of discourse framework such as PDTB or RST to improve the classification performance on discourse relations. Actually, under different discourse annotation frameworks, there exist multiple corpora which have internal connections. To exploit the combination of different discourse corpora, we design related discourse classification tasks specific to a corpus, and propose a novel Convolutional Neural Network embedded multi-task learning system to synthesize these tasks by learning both unique and shared representations for each task. The experimental results on the PDTB implicit discourse relation classification task demonstrate that our model achieves significant gains over baseline systems.
Phase-shifted pulse-width-amplitude modulation for quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter based PV power system (2013)

A phase-shifted pulse-width-amplitude modulation (PS-PWAM) is proposed for quasi-Z-source cascade multilevel inverter (qZS-CMI) applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system. The detailed modulating principle is disclosed. A switching loss model is built to evaluate the qZS-CMI's power dissipation when the PS-PWAM and the traditional phase-shifted SPWM (PS-SPWM) are respectively employed. The simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed PS-PWAM has a lower power loss and higher voltage utilization than the traditional PS-SPWM for the qZS-CMI.
Phase 2 study of cetuximab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2007)

Although cetuximab could be safely administered with tolerable toxicity profiles, it demonstrated no antitumor activity in HCC in this phase 2 study. Cetuximab trough concentrations were not notably altered in patients with mild to moderate hepatic dysfunction.
The dependency of timbre on fundamental frequency (2003)

The dependency of the timbre of musical sounds on their fundamental frequency (F0) was examined in three experiments. In experiment I subjects compared the timbres of stimuli produced by a set of 12 musical instruments with equal F0, duration, and loudness. There were three sessions, each at a different F0. In experiment II the same stimuli were rearranged in pairs, each with the same difference in F0, and subjects had to ignore the constant difference in pitch. In experiment III, instruments were paired both with and without an F0 difference within the same session, and subjects had to ignore the variable differences in pitch. Experiment I yielded dissimilarity matrices that were similar at different F0's, suggesting that instruments kept their relative positions within timbre space. Experiment II found that subjects were able to ignore the salient pitch difference while rating timbre dissimilarity. Dissimilarity matrices were symmetrical, suggesting further that the absolute displacement of the set of instruments within timbre space was small. Experiment III extended this result to the case where the pitch difference varied from trial to trial. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of dissimilarity scores produced solutions (timbre spaces) that varied little across conditions and experiments. MDS solutions were used to test the validity of signal-based predictors of timbre, and in particular their stability as a function of F0. Taken together, the results suggest that timbre differences are perceived independently from differences of pitch, at least for F0 differences smaller than an octave. Timbre differences can be measured between stimuli with different F0's.
A recognition of human walking motion by using an accelerometer (1998)

This paper presents a recognize and visualize methods of human motion patterns in walking using an accelerometer for automatic emergency call systems for seniors. The recognition is realized by these two steps: (1) extraction of a spectrum of the acceleration measured by a accelerometer attached on the waist that represents the gait cycle (cycle of foot steps) through dynamic threshold processing; (2) classification of the motion based on the observed fact that the intensity of the spectrum increases when the human motion changes from 'stand', 'walk' to 'run'. Moreover, the result of the recognition is visualized as a real-time, privacy-protected animation, where a character animation generator, our previous study work, is used that a character is controlled by qualified motion parameters.
Synthesis and properties of 2′,4′-BNANC, a second generation BNA (2005)

We have recently designed and synthesized a novel bridged nucleic acid analogue 2',4'-BNA(NC), bearing an N-O bridged structure, which furnished both higher duplex and triplex-forming abilities and sequence selectivity towards complementary RNA and/or DNA, respectively, and showed excellent resistance against nuclease degradation. Duplex and triplex-forming abilities were slightly higher or similar to those of 2',4'-BNA and nuclease resistance was as high as that of S-oligo.
QoS Assessment and Modelling of Connected Vehicle Network within Internet of Vehicles (2018)

Connected vehicles have huge potential in improving road safety and traffic congestion. The primary aim of this paper is threefold: firstly to present an overview of network models in connected vehicles; secondly to analyze the factors that impact the Quality of Service (QoS) of connected vehicles and thirdly to present initial modelling results on Link QoS. We use the open access Geometry-based Efficient Propagation Model (GEMV2) data to carry out Analysis of Variance, Principal Component Analysis and Classical Multi-Dimensional scaling on the link quality for vehicle-2-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-2-infrastucture (V2i) data and found that both line of sight and non-line of sight has a significant impact on the link quality. We further carried out modelling using system identification method of the connected vehicle network (CVN) in terms of Link QoS based on the parameters identified by the QoS assessment. We evaluated the CVN in terms of a step response achieving steady-state within 80 seconds for V2V data and 500 seconds for V2i data. The work presented here will further help in the development of CVN prediction model and control for V2V and vehicle-2-anything connectivity.
Navigation system for robot-assisted intra-articular lower-limb fracture surgery (2016)

Experimental outcome demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed navigation system, presenting a fracture reduction accuracy of about 1 mm and [Formula: see text], and meeting the clinical requirements for distal femur fracture reduction procedures.
Vitamin C Pharmacokinetics: Implications for Oral and Intravenous Use (2004)

Background: Vitamin C at high concentrations is toxic to cancer cells in vitro. Early clinical studies of vitamin C in patients with terminal cancer suggested clinical benefit, but 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials showed none. However, these studies used different routes of administration. Objective: To determine whether plasma vitamin C concentrations vary substantially with the route of administration. Design: Dose concentration studies and pharmacokinetic modeling. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: 17 healthy hospitalized volunteers. Measurements: Vitamin C plasma and urine concentrations were measured after administration of oral and intravenous doses at a dose range of 0.015 to 1.25 g, and plasma concentrations were calculated for a dose range of 1 to 100 g. Results: Peak plasma vitamin C concentrations were higher after administration of intravenous doses than after administration of oral doses (P < 0.001), and the difference increased according to dose. Vitamin C at a dose of 1.25 g administered orally produced mean (±sd) peak plasma concentrations of 134.8 ± 20.6 µmol/L compared with 885 ± 201.2 µmol/L for intravenous administration. For the maximum tolerated oral dose of 3 g every 4 hours, pharmacokinetic modeling predicted peak plasma vitamin C concentrations of 220 µmol/L and 13 400 µmol/L for a 50-g intravenous dose. Peak predicted urine concentrations of vitamin C from intravenous administration were 140-fold higher than those from maximum oral doses. Limitations: Patient data are not available to confirm pharmacokinetic modeling at high doses and in patients with cancer. Conclusions: Oral vitamin C produces plasma concentrations that are tightly controlled. Only intravenous administration of vitamin C produces high plasma and urine concentrations that might have antitumor activity. Because efficacy of vitamin C treatment cannot be judged from clinical trials that use only oral dosing, the role of vitamin C in cancer treatment should be reevaluated.
The Tropospheric <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> Level in Mid-Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959–2003) (2004)

A comprehensive tropospheric 14 CO 2 data set of quasi-continuous observations covering the time span from 1959 to 2003 is presented. Samples were collected at 3 European mountain sites at height levels of 1205 m (Schauinsland), 1800 m (Vermunt), and 3450 m asl (Jungfraujoch), and analyzed in the Heidelberg Radiocarbon Laboratory. The data set from Jungfraujoch (1986–2003) is considered to represent the free tropospheric background level at mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, as it compares well with recent (yet unpublished) measurements made at the marine baseline station Mace Head (west coast of Ireland). The Vermunt and Schauinsland records are significantly influenced by regional European fossil fuel CO 2 emissions. The respective Δ 14 CO 2 depletions, on an annual mean basis, are, however, only 5 less than at Jungfraujoch. Vermunt and Schauinsland both represent the mean continental European troposphere.
IPsec-Based VoIP Performance in WLAN Environments (2008)

The third-generation partnership project (3GPP) specifies 3G-WLAN interworking that lets mobile stations (MSs) access 3G networks via WLAN-based packet data gateways (PDGs). The specification mandates that packets delivered between an MS and a PDG should be protected by IPsec. This article studies IPsec-based VoIP performance (in terms of throughput, packet loss rate, latency, and jitter) in the 3G-WLAN integration environment. The study is designed to provide guidelines for selecting appropriate system parameter values for VoIP over WLAN.
Nurturing the Expressive Arts (1991)

Abstract He scribbles, he looks at what he has done and feels a warm flow of creation. Only a short time ago the paper was blank, and now in front of him is something he alone has made, something that did not exist in the world before.—From Rhoda Kellogg, California Teacher, Researcher and Writer
Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Pancreatic Cancer Development (2004)

Our results demonstrate that similar inflammatory components and downstream effectors are present in CP and pancreatic cancers. Importantly, these findings suggest that a common pathway for pancreatic cancer development may be through a chronic inflammatory process including stroma formation. These findings may lead to novel strategies for pancreatic cancer prophylaxis based on inhibition of inflammatory mediators.
Activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes reduces their adhesion to P-selectin and causes redistribution of ligands for P-selectin on their surfaces. (1995)

In acute inflammatory responses, selectins mediate initial rolling of neutrophils (PMNs) along the endothelial surface. This is followed by tight adhesion that requires activation-dependent up-regulation of CD11/CD18 integrins on PMNs. For emigration to occur, the initial bonds that are established at the endothelial surface must be disengaged. We show that activation of PMNs results in their detachment from P-selectin, a glycoprotein expressed at the surface of inflamed endothelium that mediates initial tethering of PMNs. Loosening of the bond occurs when PMNs are activated by platelet-activating factor, which is coexpressed with P-selectin, or by other signaling molecules. The time course of reduced adhesion to P-selectin, when compared to up-regulation of CD11/CD18 integrins, suggests that "bond trading" may occur as activated PMNs transmigrate in vivo. Activation of PMNs did not alter binding of fluid-phase P-selectin, indicating that the ligand(s) for P-selectin is not shed or internalized. Using microspheres coated with P-selectin, we found that ligands for P-selectin were randomly distributed over the surfaces of rounded, unactivated PMNs. An antibody against P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) completely inhibited binding of P-selectin-coated beads suggesting that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is the critical binding site in this assay. In contrast to the dispersed pattern on unactivated PMNs, the ligands for P-selectin were localized on the uropods of activated, polarized cells. Pretreating PMNs with cytochalasin D before activation prevented the change in cell shape, the redistribution of binding sites for P-selectin-coated beads, and the decrease in cellular adhesiveness for P-selectin. These experiments indicate that the distribution of ligands for P-selectin is influenced by cellular activation and by cytoskeletal interactions, and that redistribution of these ligands may influence adhesive interactions. Activation of PMNs may cause loosening or disengagement of bonds between P-selectin and its ligands, facilitating transendothelial migration.
Embedding Thin Plant Specimens for Oriented Sectioning (2000)

Small plant structures such as small primary roots, filamentous mosses and algae are difficult to orient for sectioning since they become wavy and curl during embedding. A method is described for embedding and orienting tiny plant specimens in a glycol methacrylate resin using self-constructed flat molds. Prior to sectioning, small samples can be oriented in both the longitudinal and the transverse plane. As several samples can be sectioned simultaneously, time-consuming trimming of the blocks is reduced substantially. The efficiency of this technique has been demonstrated using the tiny roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Single longitudinal mode TEA CO_2 laser with tilted intracavity etalon (1977)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. Lee and R. L. Aggarwal, "Single longitudinal mode TEA CO2 laser with tilted intracavity etalon," Appl. Opt. 16, 2620-2621 (1977) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Enhanced Cytotoxic T Cell Activity in IL-4-Deficient Mice (1999)

CD8+ effectors are critical components of type 1 responses against viral infections as well as for antiviral vaccines. IL-4 plays a clear role as an inhibitor of CD4+ Th1 cells; however, its role in CD8+ T cell regulation appears to be more complex. Thus, IL-4 may augment CD8+ T cell growth, but also limit effector function. Moreover, abundant IL-4 is inhibitory for viral clearance, but the lack of IL-4 appears not to affect CTL-mediated immunity. This report investigates these disparate roles of IL-4 in CD8+ T lymphocyte regulation by comparing T cell responses specific for a single HIV-IIIIB gp120-derived epitope in BALB/c mice deficient in IL-4 to those in wild-type controls. CTL activation was monitored during the acute and memory phases following immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus. Similar frequencies of gp120-specific CTL precursors in splenocytes from both groups indicated that IL-4 plays no significant role in either CTL priming or the establishment of memory. However, cytolytic activity in cultures derived from IL-4-deficient mice developed earlier and was strikingly enhanced following in vitro restimulation, an effect exhibited by both primary and memory T cells. Secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by CD8+ T cells from IL-4-deficient mice was also elevated, reflecting their enhanced activation. Thus, IL-4 appears to limit the activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells with high cytolytic potential.