gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost-Efficient Big Intermediate Data Placement in a Collaborative Cloud Storage Environment (2017)

Collaborative cloud storage environment, which share resources of multiple geographically distributed datacenters owned by different providers enable scientific workflow from different locations to process large scale big intermediate data through the Internet. Distributed datacenters are federated and each member can collaborate with each other to efficiently share and process the intermediate data from distributed workflow instances. This paper focuses on the storage cost minimization of intermediate data placement in federated cloud datacenters. Through collaborative and federation mechanisms, we propose an exact federation data placement algorithm based on integer linear programming model (ILP) to assist multiple datacenters hosting intermediate data files generated from a scientific workflow. Under the constraints of the problem, the proposed algorithm finds an optimal intermediate data placement with a cost saving over the federated cloud datacenters, taking into account scientific user requirements, data dependency and size. Experimental results show the cost-efficiency of the proposed cloud storage federation algorithm.
Pom-pom mania! (2008)

Christine Green gives some tips on going wild with wool!
Ordered and Active Nanochannel Electrode Design for High‐Performance Electrochemical Actuator (2016)

A novel electrochemical actuator based on polyaniline@vertically aligned carbon nanotube nanocomposite electrodes, in which the vertically aligned structure is introduced by a facilely electrochemical process. Owing to the vertically aligned nanocomposite electrode providing ordered path channel for faster ion transportation and high electrochemical capacitance for more ion accumulation, our actuator displays intriguing actuation performance including large deformation, fast-actuation speed, and excellent actuation stability.
A Review on the Fabrication of Polymer‐Based Thermoelectric Materials and Fabrication Methods (2013)

Thermoelectricity, by converting heat energy directly into useable electricity, offers a promising technology to convert heat from solar energy and to recover waste heat from industrial sectors and automobile exhausts. In recent years, most of the efforts have been done on improving the thermoelectric efficiency using different approaches, that is, nanostructuring, doping, molecular rattling, and nanocomposite formation. The applications of thermoelectric polymers at low temperatures, especially conducting polymers, have shown various advantages such as easy and low cost of fabrication, light weight, and flexibility. In this review, we will focus on exploring new types of polymers and the effects of different structures, concentrations, and molecular weight on thermoelectric properties. Various strategies to improve the performance of thermoelectric materials will be discussed. In addition, a discussion on the fabrication of thermoelectric devices, especially suited to polymers, will also be given. Finally, we provide the challenge and the future of thermoelectric polymers, especially thermoelectric hybrid model.
Clinical efficacy, radiographic and safety findings through 5 years of subcutaneous golimumab treatment in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results from a long-term extension of a randomised, placebo-controlled trial (the GO-REVEAL study) (2014)

NCT00265096.
Tumor-infiltrating immune cell subpopulations influence the oncologic outcome after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in bladder cancer (2016)

Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most successful immunotherapy for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, approximately 30% of patients are unresponsive to treatment. New biomarkers are important to identify patients who will benefit most from BCG during a worldwide BCG shortage. Local immune cell subsets were measured on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs; CD68, CD163), B-lymphocytes (CD20) and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, GATA3, T-bet, FOXP3 and CD25). Cell densities in the lamina propria without invasion, at the invasive front if present, in the papillary tumor stroma, and in the neoplastic urothelium were calculated. Twenty-nine (72.5%) of 40 patients were classified as BCG responders after a mean follow-up of 35.3 months. A statistically significant association was observed for BCG failure with low density of CD4+ and GATA3+ T-cells, and increased expression of FOXP3+ and CD25+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) as well as CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs. Survival analysis demonstrated prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with an increased count of CD4+ and GATA3+ T-cells. TAMs, Tregs and T-bet+ T-cells were inversely correlated with RFS. Thus, the tumor microenvironment seems to influence the therapeutic response to BCG, permitting an individualized treatment.
Catalysis of .alpha.-hydrogen exchange. XVII. Octakis-O-(3-aminopropyl)sucrose as a bifunctional catalyst for the dedeuteration of isobutyraldehyde-2-d (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis of .alpha.-hydrogen exchange. XVII. Octakis-O-(3-aminopropyl)sucrose as a bifunctional catalyst for the dedeuteration of isobutyraldehyde-2-dJack Hine and Stephen S. UlreyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 22, 3231–3236Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00936a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00936a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Turbulent drag reduction using pulsed-DC plasma actuation (2019)

Abstract In this paper, surface-mounted arrays of pulsed-DC dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators are used to achieve skin friction drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers. The arrays are designed to produce a near-wall plasma-induced spanwise flow for the purpose of preventing the lift-up of low-speed streaks. Two array designs are demonstrated. One produces a unidirectional spanwise flow and the other a series of opposed wall jets. Both configurations are shown to produce unprecedented levels of drag reduction in excess of 70%. The amount of drag reduction achieved is shown to scale on the number of viscous wall units between adjacent surface electrodes which effectively sets the number of low-speed streaks under simultaneous control. In particular, the level of drag reduction increases logarithmically as the number of streaks under simultaneous control decreases. Furthermore, due to the low-power input required by the pulsed-DC actuator, this level of drag reduction is achieved with net power savings.
Patterns of Oligonucleotide Sequences in Viral and Host Cell RNA Identify Mediators of the Host Innate Immune System (2009)

The innate immune response provides a first line of defense against pathogens by targeting generic differential features that are present in foreign organisms but not in the host. These innate responses generate selection forces acting both in pathogens and hosts that further determine their co-evolution. Here we analyze the nucleic acid sequence fingerprints of these selection forces acting in parallel on both host innate immune genes and ssRNA viral genomes. We do this by identifying dinucleotide biases in the coding regions of innate immune response genes in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and then use this signal to identify other significant host innate immune genes. The persistence of these biases in the orthologous groups of genes in humans and chickens is also examined. We then compare the significant motifs in highly expressed genes of the innate immune system to those in ssRNA viruses and study the evolution of these motifs in the H1N1 influenza genome. We argue that the significant under-represented motif pattern of CpG in an AU context--which is found in both the ssRNA viruses and innate genes, and has decreased throughout the history of H1N1 influenza replication in humans--is immunostimulatory and has been selected against during the co-evolution of viruses and host innate immune genes. This shows how differences in host immune biology can drive the evolution of viruses that jump into species with different immune priorities than the original host.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN HEMIANOPIA (1989)

Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity was measured, under identical test conditions using spatially and temporally localized stimuli, in 4 normally sighted human subjects and in 3 healthy hemianopic subjects whose stable visual field loss exhibited foveal sparing. Testing was undertaken at central fixation and at a variety of eccentric loci along the horizontal meridian of the sighted and perimetrically blind field. In comparison with the normal (control) sensitivities obtained in this study, spatial and temporal sensitivities in the sighted hemifield in subjects with striate cortical lesions were both reduced; in addition, we were unable to demonstrate greater-than-chance performance at any extrafoveal locations in the blind hemifield.
Estrogen inhibition of a Mr 39,000 glycoprotein secreted by human breast cancer cells. (1987)

We have identified a secreted glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 39,000 that is inhibited by estrogens and stimulated by antiestrogens in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The protein was detected within 24 h of hormone treatment with inhibition occurring at concentrations as low as 10(-11) M estradiol and stimulation occurring with antiestrogens. When phenol red, which has been found to have estrogenic activity, is removed from the tissue culture medium, no inhibition of cell growth or induction of the Mr 39,000 protein is seen with antiestrogens. A 6-fold decrease in the amount secreted in the presence of estrogens is seen under these conditions. The induction was specific in that growth inhibition by several other means did not induce expression of the Mr 39,000 protein. The Mr 39,000 protein has been identified as a glycoprotein complex that can be resolved into four polypeptides with two major components that migrate in the pH range of 5.5 to 6.3 by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. This protein is the first evidence that estrogens inhibit a specific protein and it may prove useful as a marker of antiestrogen-induced growth arrest in breast cancer.
The Bite of the Honeybee: 2-Heptanone Secreted from Honeybee Mandibles during a Bite Acts as a Local Anaesthetic in Insects and Mammals (2012)

Honeybees secrete 2-heptanone (2-H) from their mandibular glands when they bite. Researchers have identified several possible functions: 2-H could act as an alarm pheromone to recruit guards and soldiers, it could act as a chemical marker, or it could have some other function. The actual role of 2-H in honeybee behaviour remains unresolved. In this study, we show that 2-H acts as an anaesthetic in small arthropods, such as wax moth larva (WML) and Varroa mites, which are paralysed after a honeybee bite. We demonstrated that honeybee mandibles can penetrate the cuticle of WML, introducing less than one nanolitre of 2-H into the WML open circulatory system and causing instantaneous anaesthetization that lasts for a few minutes. The first indication that 2-H acts as a local anaesthetic was that its effect on larval response, inhibition and recovery is very similar to that of lidocaine. We compared the inhibitory effects of 2-H and lidocaine on voltage-gated sodium channels. Although both compounds blocked the hNav1.6 and hNav1.2 channels, lidocaine was slightly more effective, 2.82 times, on hNav.6. In contrast, when the two compounds were tested using an ex vivo preparation-the isolated rat sciatic nerve-the function of the two compounds was so similar that we were able to definitively classify 2-H as a local anaesthetic. Using the same method, we showed that 2-H has the fastest inhibitory effect of all alkyl-ketones tested, including the isomers 3- and 4-heptanone. This suggests that natural selection may have favoured 2-H over other, similar compounds because of the associated fitness advantages it confers. Our results reveal a previously unknown role of 2-H in honeybee defensive behaviour and due to its minor neurotoxicity show potential for developing a new local anaesthetic from a natural product, which could be used in human and veterinary medicine.
Full-color, large area, transmissive holograms enabled by multi-level diffractive optics (2017)

We show that multi-level diffractive microstructures can enable broadband, on-axis transmissive holograms that can project complex full-color images, which are invariant to viewing angle. Compared to alternatives like metaholograms, diffractive holograms utilize much larger minimum features (>10 µm), much smaller aspect ratios (<0.2) and thereby, can be fabricated in a single lithography step over relatively large areas (>30 mm ×30 mm). We designed, fabricated and characterized holograms that encode various full-color images. Our devices demonstrate absolute transmission efficiencies of >86% across the visible spectrum from 405 nm to 633 nm (peak value of about 92%), and excellent color fidelity. Furthermore, these devices do not exhibit polarization dependence. Finally, we emphasize that our devices exhibit negligible absorption and are phase-only holograms with high diffraction efficiency.
Proceedings, Lymantriidae: a comparison of features of New and Old World tussock moths (1986)

Description Thirty-four papers on biology and population dynamics of lymantriid moths presented at an international conference, plus a summary and discussion of research issues.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Coupled with Dynamic Kinetic Resolution in Water: Synthesis of <i>anti</i>-β-Hydroxy-α-amino Acid Derivatives (2012)

The use of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation combined with dynamic kinetic resolution for the synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino esters in water is described. This procedure provides the desired amino alcohols in good yields, diastereoselectivities, and enantioselectivities. A surfactant is employed to achieve good yields due to the hydrophobic nature of both the catalyst and substrate. The reaction setup is operationally simple, and nondegassed water can be used as the solvent.
Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy (2016)

Modern cancer treatment relies on Monte Carlo simulations to help radiotherapists and clinical physicists better understand and compute radiation dose from imaging devices as well as exploit four-dimensional imaging data. With Monte Carlo-based treatment planning tools now available from commercial vendors, a complete transition to Monte Carlo-based dose calculation methods in radiotherapy could likely take place in the next decade. Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy explores the use of Monte Carlo methods for modeling various features of internal and external radiation sources, including light ion beams. The book-the first of its kind-addresses applications of the Monte Carlo particle transport simulation technique in radiation therapy, mainly focusing on external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. It presents the mathematical and technical aspects of the methods in particle transport simulations. The book also discusses the modeling of medical linacs and other irradiation devices; issues specific to electron, photon, and proton ion beams and brachytherapy; and the optimization of treatment planning, radiation dosimetry, and quality assurance. Useful to clinical physicists, graduate students, and researchers, this book provides a detailed, state-of-the-art guide to the fundamentals, application, and customization of Monte Carlo techniques in radiotherapy. Through real-world examples, it illustrates the use of Monte Carlo modeling and simulations in dose calculation, beam delivery, kilovoltage and megavoltage imaging, proton radiography, device design, and much more.
Fucose-containing glycolipids are stage- and region-specific antigens in developing embryonic brain of rodents. (1985)

A monoclonal antibody (against 7A antigen), raised against a homogenate of embryonic rat forebrain, marks the distribution of region- and developmental stage-specific cell-surface antigens in the mammalian central nervous system. In the mouse, immunocytochemical staining revealed that 7A antigen is expressed almost exclusively in germinal layers of the cerebral cortex beginning as early as day 11 of gestation and becomes undetectable by birth. The typical staining is seen at embryonic days 13-15, in which only the ventricular and the subventricular zones of the cerebral cortex are intensely labeled, whereas most other areas of the brain are unlabeled. Tissue culture studies indicate that the 7A antigen is localized at the plasma membrane. Molecular species possessing the antigen are identified as neutral glycolipids that contain the X-determinant trisaccharide: (formula; see text) This glycoconjugate is expressed in embryonic brains of many mammalian species (mouse, rat, rabbit, calf, and human) and may be a cell-surface component important in normal development of the central nervous system.
Model Accuracy and Runtime Tradeoff in Distributed Deep Learning:A Systematic Study (2015)

This paper presents Rudra, a parameter server based distributed computing framework tuned for training large-scale deep neural networks. Using variants of the asynchronous stochastic gradient descent algorithm we study the impact of synchronization protocol, stale gradient updates, minibatch size, learning rates, and number of learners on runtime performance and model accuracy. We introduce a new learning rate modulation strategy to counter the effect of stale gradients and propose a new synchronization protocol that can effectively bound the staleness in gradients, improve runtime performance and achieve good model accuracy. Our empirical investigation reveals a principled approach for distributed training of neural networks: the mini-batch size per learner should be reduced as more learners are added to the system to preserve the model accuracy. We validate this approach using commonly-used image classification benchmarks: CIFAR10 and ImageNet.
Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics for leukemia (2007)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a unique class of therapeutics because of their exquisite antigen specificity and effector mechanisms. Clinically, antibody-based therapy has increasingly become an established modality for the treatment of cancer. Among the nine mAbs and immunoconjugates approved by the FDA for therapeutic indications in oncological diseases, five are for use in hematological malignancies. Alemtuzumab is approved for B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody approved for the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is being tested in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia; and gemtuzumab ozogamicin is marketed for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia in patients of > 60 years of age. A number of other mAbs are in different stages of clinical development for antileukemia therapy. This article discusses the general aspects and mechanisms of action of therapeutic mAbs, and highlights the development of antibody-based therapies in leukemia.
Constitutive Expression Exposes Functional Redundancy between the <i>Arabidopsis</i> Histone H2A Gene <i>HTA1</i> and Other H2A Gene Family Members (2006)

The Arabidopsis thaliana histone H2A gene HTA1 is essential for efficient transformation of Arabidopsis roots by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Disruption of this gene in the rat5 mutant results in decreased transformation. In Arabidopsis, histone H2A proteins are encoded by a 13-member gene family. RNA encoded by these genes accumulates to differing levels in roots and whole plants; HTA1 transcripts accumulate to levels up to 1000-fold lower than do transcripts of other HTA genes. We examined the extent to which other HTA genes or cDNAs could compensate for loss of HTA1 activity when overexpressed in rat5 mutant plants. Overexpression of all tested HTA cDNAs restored transformation competence to the rat5 mutant. However, only the HTA1 gene, but not other HTA genes, could phenotypically complement rat5 mutant plants when expressed from their native promoters. Expression analysis of HTA promoters indicated that they had distinct but somewhat overlapping patterns of expression in mature plants. However, only the HTA1 promoter was induced by wounding or by Agrobacterium infection of root segments. Our data suggest that, with respect to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, all tested histone H2A proteins are functionally redundant. However, this functional redundancy is not normally evidenced because of the different expression patterns of the HTA genes.
Soybean extract showed modulation of retinoic acid‐related gene expression of skin and photo‐protective effects in keratinocytes (2012)

Soy extracts are well known as medicinal and nutritional ingredients, and exhibit benefits towards human skin including depigmenting or anti-ageing effects. Despite the wrinkle decreasing effects of retinoids on skin as an anti-ageing ingredient, retinoid application can causes photo-sensitive responses such as skin irritation. Thus, their daytime usage is not recommended. The aim of this study is the investigation into the activities of soybean extract as an anti-ageing ingredient and their comparison to retinoids in this respect. Soybean extract decreased the relative ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 mRNA to the same degree as retinoic acid in normal human fibroblasts. It also affected mRNA levels of HAS2 and CRABP2 in normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we investigated its effect on mRNA expression of histidase, an enzyme that converts histidine into urocanic acid, the main UV light absorption factor of the stratum corneum. Unlike the complete inhibition of histidase exhibited by the mRNA expression of retinoic acid, the effect of soybean extract on histidase gene expression was weaker in normal human keratinocytes. Also, soybean extract pretreatment inhibited UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation dose-dependently in normal human keratinocytes. In this study, we found that soybean extract modulated retinoic acid-related genes and showed photo-protective effects. Our findings suggest that soybean extract could be an anti-ageing ingredient that can be safely used under the sunlight.