gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimode Charging of Electric Vehicles (2016)

In this paper, a complete multimode (wired and wireless) charging and discharging infrastructure and their implementation in an electric vehicle are presented. The overall system management and a control strategy for increasing the efficiency are discussed. In order to increase the grid connection of an electric vehicle, a highly flexible bidirectional battery charging concept has been developed which is capable of charging 1-phase grid wired, 3-phase grid wired as well as wireless with an inductive power transfer system. Ancillary services and self-consumption are possible due to the bidirectional power flow capabilities. The multiple use of components, for saving costs and overall installed size, requires a compromise in efficiency and dimensioning of power electronic components, since they must satisfy all requirements for a bidirectional 1-phase and 3-phase wired grid connection as well as a wireless grid connection of the battery. To reduce the negative aspects by reason of over dimensioning for different charging modes, a new operating control technique will be presented to find an acceptable solution. Measurements of the efficiency and electromagnetic compatibility document the performance and electromagnetic safety of the system. A proof of concept and the system integration in an electric vehicle is demonstrated.
Cover Story: Seven ways to control postpartum hemorrhage (2003)

Although you can't always anticipate a potentially catastrophic obstetric hemorrhage, rapid diagnosis and intervention can make all the difference in the world. The authors review interventions--new and old--and tell clinicians what to have on hand to implement them.
The Tenuous Connections Involving Mass Shootings, Mental Illness, and Gun Laws (2016)

Despite their exceptional rarity, high-profile mass murders, particularly those involving firearms, are often linked to deficiencies in our mental health system and gun laws. In this article, we consider the tenuous connections between severe mental illness, gun control measures, and mass shootings. Several suggested preventative strategies are evaluated for potential effectiveness, including expanded firearm restrictions and background checks for the mentally ill, the now-expired Federal Assault Weapons Ban, and the establishment of gun-free zones. Examining data on mass shootings from various governmental and news sources, we find that offenders are generally not psychotic, infrequently use assault weapons, and do not often target gun-free zones, and so strategies based on these elements are not apt to reduce the risk of mass shootings to any significant degree.
CuI/<scp>l</scp>-Proline-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides with Activated Methylene Compounds (2005)

[reaction: see text] The arylation of ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl benzoyl acetate, and diethyl malonate under the catalysis of CuI/L-proline in DMSO proceeds smoothly at 40-50 degrees C in the presence of Cs2CO3 to provide the 2-aryl-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in good yields. Both aryl iodides and aryl bromides are compatible with these reaction conditions.
Ultrafast dynamics microscopy (2000)

We report the three-dimensional imaging of the vibrational, solvent, orientational, and electronic relaxation in organic fluorescent samples at 200–500 nm spatial resolution. This is achieved in steady-state recordings by exciting the fluorophore with a femtosecond pulse and subsequent quenching with a time-delayed, redshifted femtosecond pulse through stimulated emission. Temporal resolution of 380 fs is solely determined by the pulse widths and is further reducible. Images of submicron structures revealing vibrational and solvent relaxation gradients are shown. Furthermore, we introduce contrast modes based on stimulated emission depletion and apply them to cellular imaging.
A gold nanoflower-based traceable drug delivery system for intracellular SERS imaging-guided targeted chemo-phototherapy (2018)

Accurate and effective drug delivery in tumor cells significantly improves the curative effect with high drug delivery efficiency, low toxicity and side effects and has become an urgent demand for anticancer therapy. In this paper, a novel traceable and targeted drug delivery nanosystem (i.e. AuNF-nanocarriers) with high drug encapsulation and pH-controlled release was prepared based on gold nanoflowers (AuNFs) for efficient intracellular SERS imaging-guided chemo-phototherapy. SERS-active flower-like gold nanoparticles with large surface area were synthesized first and then modified with Raman and RGD molecules in sequence to prepare bright, traceable and targeted SERS tags of A549 human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, thiolated-PAA (PAA-SH) was synthesized and utilized for the first time to modify the SERS tags with a layer of negative charges for efficient pH-dependent loading and release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Based on the A549 human lung cancer cell model, the availability of the proposed AuNF-nanocarriers for efficient intracellular SERS imaging-guided chemo-phototherapy was studied and the results indicate that the AuNF-based drug delivery system exhibited attractive characteristics such as good stability, efficiency and pH-controlled drug loading and release, traceable and targeted delivery, as well as SERS imaging and chemo-phototherapy functions, and shows great potential for powerful SERS-imaging and as a theranostic candidate for precision nanomedicine that could achieve sensitive and accurate tumor detection and therapy.
Development and application of genetic probes for detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in formalin-fixed stools and in intestinal biopsy specimens from infected patients (1997)

The microsporidium Enterocytozoon bieneusi is closely linked to wasting and diarrhea in a high proportion of individuals with AIDS. However, its relative contribution to disease is uncertain because diagnosis until recently depended on procedures involving endoscopy. A sensitive PCR technique which amplifies a fragment of the small-subunit rRNA gene of E. bieneusi from formalin-fixed stool samples was developed. Of 80 formalin-fixed stool samples collected from 74 Zimbabweans and 6 U.S. patients who were human immunodeficiency virus positive, 50% tested positive for E. bieneusi by PCR, whereas 24% tested positive for E. bieneusi by light microscopy of trichrome-stained fecal smears. In addition, we describe an in situ hybridization technique which detected and identified E. bieneusi as the causative agent in all six intestinal biopsy specimens tested. Both the PCR and in situ hybridization procedures are sensitive diagnostic tools which will complement currently available techniques and enable the differentiation of E. bieneusi from other microsporidia to be made.
Surface Preparation of Metals Prior to Plating (2002)

Generally accepted as a critical step in most electroplating processes, surface preparation of metals prior to the metal electroplating is presented. Definition of the clean surface influence of basis metal and the choice of cleaning methods are discussed. Soak, spray, electrolytic, acid, solvent and ultrasonic cleaning are elaborated as well as acid dip and pickling steps. The mechanisms of cleaning action are detailed, starting with the role of inorganic builders, through surfactants and solvent actions. The basic surfactant chemistry will be discussed to provide the understanding of soil removal. The fundamentals of formulating science and know-how are fashioned for different types of industrial formulations using a number of typical formulas as appropriate examples. Because numerous papers and books are published on cleaning, an extensive reference section and glossary is provided
Multi-view Knowledge Graph Embedding for Entity Alignment (2019)

We study the problem of embedding-based entity alignment between knowledge graphs (KGs). Previous works mainly focus on the relational structure of entities. Some further incorporate another type of features, such as attributes, for refinement. However, a vast of entity features are still unexplored or not equally treated together, which impairs the accuracy and robustness of embedding-based entity alignment. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that unifies multiple views of entities to learn embeddings for entity alignment. Specifically, we embed entities based on the views of entity names, relations and attributes, with several combination strategies. Furthermore, we design some cross-KG inference methods to enhance the alignment between two KGs. Our experiments on real-world datasets show that the proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art embedding-based entity alignment methods. The selected views, cross-KG inference and combination strategies all contribute to the performance improvement.
The Root-Knot Nematode Calreticulin Mi-CRT Is a Key Effector in Plant Defense Suppression (2012)

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate biotrophic parasites that settle close to the vascular tissues in roots, where they induce the differentiation of specialized feeding cells and maintain a compatible interaction for 3 to 8 weeks. Transcriptome analyses of the plant response to parasitic infection have shown that plant defenses are strictly controlled during the interaction. This suggests that, similar to other pathogens, RKN secrete effectors that suppress host defenses. We show here that Mi-CRT, a calreticulin (CRT) secreted by the nematode into the apoplasm of infected tissues, plays an important role in infection success, because Mi-CRT knockdown by RNA interference affected the ability of the nematodes to infect plants. Stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants producing the secreted form of Mi-CRT were more susceptible to nematode infection than wild-type plants. They were also more susceptible to infection with another root pathogen, the oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. Mi-CRT overexpression in A. thaliana suppressed the induction of defense marker genes and callose deposition after treatment with the pathogen-associated molecular pattern elf18. Our results show that Mi-CRT secreted in the apoplasm by the nematode has a role in the suppression of plant basal defenses during the interaction.
BRS1, a serine carboxypeptidase, regulates BRI1 signaling in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2001)

Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1) of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a cell surface receptor for brassinosteroids. Mutations in BRI1 severely affect plant growth and development. Activation tagging of a weak bri1 allele (bri1-5) resulted in the identification of a new locus, brs1-1D. BRS1 is predicted to encode a secreted carboxypeptidase. Whereas a brs1 loss-of-function allele has no obvious mutant phenotype, overexpression of BRS1 can suppress bri1 extracellular domain mutants. Genetic analyses showed that brassinosteroids and a functional BRI1 protein kinase domain are required for suppression. In addition, overexpressed BRS1 missense mutants, predicted to abolish BRS1 protease activity, failed to suppress bri1-5. Finally, the effects of BRS1 are selective: overexpression in either wild-type or two other receptor kinase mutants resulted in no phenotypic alterations. These results strongly suggest that BRS1 processes a protein involved in an early event in the BRI1 signaling.
Prevalence of Long-QT Syndrome Gene Variants in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (2007)

We demonstrated that 9.5% of cases diagnosed as SIDS carry functionally significant genetic variants in LQTS genes. The present study demonstrates that sudden arrhythmic death is an important contributor to SIDS. As these variants likely modify ventricular repolarization and QT interval duration, our results support the debated concept that an ECG would probably identify most infants at risk for sudden death due to LQTS either in infancy or later on in life.
Striatopallidal neurons are selectively protected by neurturin in an excitotoxic model of Huntington's disease (2002)

Excitotoxicity has been involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. Using intrastriatal quinolinic acid (QUIN) injection as an animal model of Huntington's disease, we attempt to identify the neurotransmitter phenotype of striatal projection neurons protected by neurturin (NRTN). Control or NRTN-secreting cell lines were grafted in the striatum before QUIN injection and striatal projection neurons were examined by retrograde Fluorogold labeling and in situ hybridization. Intrastriatal grafting of NRTN-secreting cell line selectively prevented the loss of striatopallidal neurons and also the decrease in the mRNA levels for their markers (glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 and preproenkephalin) induced by QUIN, without affecting striatonigral neurons. Thus, our findings show that NRTN is a selective neuroprotective factor for striatopallidal neurons, suggesting that it might be a candidate for the treatment of movement disorders in which this neuronal population is affected.
Promoter DNA Methylation Patterns of Differentiated Cells Are Largely Programmed at the Progenitor Stage (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues share common phenotypic and functional properties. However, intrinsic molecular evidence supporting these observations has been lacking. Here, we unravel overlapping genome-wide promoter DNA methylation patterns between MSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle, whereas hematopoietic progenitors are more epigenetically distant from MSCs as a whole. Commonly hypermethylated genes are enriched in signaling, metabolic, and developmental functions, whereas genes hypermethylated only in MSCs are associated with early development functions. We find that most lineage-specification promoters are DNA hypomethylated and harbor a combination of trimethylated H3K4 and H3K27, whereas early developmental genes are DNA hypermethylated with or without H3K27 methylation. Promoter DNA methylation patterns of differentiated cells are largely established at the progenitor stage; yet, differentiation segregates a minor fraction of the commonly hypermethylated promoters, generating greater epigenetic divergence between differentiated cell types than between their undifferentiated counterparts. We also show an effect of promoter CpG content on methylation dynamics upon differentiation and distinct methylation profiles on transcriptionally active and inactive promoters. We infer that methylation state of lineage-specific promoters in MSCs is not a primary determinant of differentiation capacity. Our results support the view of a common origin of mesenchymal progenitors.
The presence of intermolecular disulfide cross-links in type III collagen. (1983)

Bovine and lathyritic rat type III collagen preparations were analyzed for the presence and in vitro formation of intermolecular disulfide cross-links. Type III collagen from fetal bovine skin was extracted with the aid of pepsin and purified by differential salt precipitation, guanidine denaturation, and renaturation. Nearly all of the type III collagen was present as reduction-sensitive gamma-components and higher molecular weight aggregates. After cleavage with CNBr, the peptides were analyzed by two-dimensional mapping. The presence of intermolecular disulfide bonds was demonstrated by the existence of a hexamer of the COOH-terminal CNBr peptide, CB9B. This cross-linked peptide was completely converted to the CB9B monomer by reduction. Type III collagen from the skins of beta-aminoproprionitrile-treated rats was used to test for the in vitro formation of intermolecular disulfide cross-links. This was prepared by salt extraction, differential salt precipitation, and pepsin treatment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of this partially purified type III collagen before reconstitution into fibers detected primarily gamma-chains. After reconstitution into fibers, the majority of the material was present as higher molecular weight aggregates. Upon reduction, these aggregates generated predominantly alpha-chains. These data demonstrate the existence of intermolecular disulfide bonds in native type III collagen and their formation during in vitro fibrillogenesis.
Measuring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth: a correlation of the optical measurements with colony forming units (2013)

The quantification of colony forming units (cfu), turbidity, and optical density at 600 nm (OD600) measurements were used to evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Turbidity and OD600 measurements displayed similar growth curves, while cfu quantification showed a continuous growth curve. We determined the cfu equivalents to McFarland and OD600 units.
Optimization for Remote Monitoring Terrestrial Petroleum Pipeline Cathode Protection System Using Graded Network (2015)

Method of cathode protection is employed to slow down the corrosion of terrestrial pipe. This paper aims to develop a system to monitor the terrestrial pipe cathode protection equipment to wholly track the operation status of buried pipe timely. The monitoring system integrates technology of wireless sensor networks, GPRS network and Internet not only to collect the cathode potential data in time and realize remote data transmission but also to regulate the guard mode of cathode protection on demand. Optimization mechanisms are adopted to effectively lower the energy assumption and to ensure data transmission reliability, from architecture design, selection of power saving hardware components, implementation of reliable network traffic mechanism including hierarchical network topology with least-complexity cluster head shift strategy, TDMA protocol with auto-adaptive resending scheme, work-on-duty with radio-awaken mechanism and so on. Trial running of the system has published good results with 96% or higher success ratio of data transmission, low power saving and power balance. In all, this system can meet the requirements of timely detecting physical malfunction of terrestrial pipeline and controlling field monitoring system on demand.
Single nanowire manipulation within dielectrophoretic force fields in the sub-crossover frequency regime (2015)

This paper presents the quantitative relationship between the control parameters of a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force field and the resulting electrokinetic region of influence experienced by individual nanowires (NWs) in colloidal suspensions. Our results show that DEP operation at sub-crossover frequencies, which are defined as frequencies slightly below the transition from positive-to-negative DEP, offers a suitable but previously unexplored performance regime for single NW manipulation and assembly. The low-magnitude DEP forces at these frequencies, which are estimated to be 8 orders of magnitude smaller as compared to near-DC frequencies, provide an efficient avenue to controllably extend electrokinetic influence on suspension volumes that present isolated NWs. These results are demonstrated using α-phase manganese dioxide NWs as a model one-dimensional construct. Based on experimentally extracted values for the NW intrinsic conductivity and dielectric permittivity, we employ computational models to explain each of the performance regimes observed in this nanoassembly system. In addition, we use a new approach to estimate the concentration of a NW suspension from experimentally observed data for deposition yields.
Mevalonate pathway is a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common lethal tumors in the world. Thus, it is very urgent to develop new therapeutic targets against this disease. The mevalonate (MVA) pathway, paced by its rate-limiting enzyme, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, is required for the generation of several fundamental end products including cholesterol and isoprenoids. The function of the MVA pathway in ESCC has not been investigated. In this study, it was found that the MVA pathway was upregulated in ESCC clinical samples. Statin, the inhibitor of the MVA pathway, exerted potent cytotoxicity against human ESCC cells by inhibiting cell growth and proliferation, while it exerted lesser effects on non-tumorigenic SHEE cells. Further study revealed that statin could potently induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and also dose-dependently inhibit the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. With regard to the molecular mechanism, statin treatment was related to decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1 expression, and increased cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, our findings suggest that the MVA pathway plays an important role in the progression of ESCC by modulating cell growth and statin might be a potential therapeutic agent in ESCC.
Real-Time Detection of Fake-Shops through Machine Learning (2020)

E-commerce fraud has been surging at an alarming rate, reaching an all-time high in Austria in 2019, with an increase of 32.3% since the previous year. Illegitimate subscription services, counterfeit goods and fake-shops cause consistent and enormous financial damage. Manual preventive measures fall short due to the sheer number and increasing volume of cases reported for evaluation. Reducing the window of opportunity and increasing the efficiency in flagging fake-shops is therefore key. This paper presents an approach to classify fraudulent online shops solely on the basis of the similarity of their source code structure using machine learning processes. The trained models show an Accuracy of up to 97% and a very high degree of certainty in classifying fraudulent e-commerce, with 61% of all absolute prediction values being nearly identical to the ones made by human experts. Additionally, an aggregated model was developed that plays an important factor in balancing the overall quality of predictions. The open source software components developed include the Fake-Shop Detection API and Middleware, which enables a risk assessment of any website based on the trained models. By using the developed models, the system was able to issue warnings for 48% of fake-shops at the highest prediction confidence level, meaning that these could have immediately been blacklisted by consumer protection agencies, without a single false-classification and an error rate of zero.
PIM-Mail (2010)

Traditional email clients are built with a "one-touch" model in mind that assumes an immediate action is performed once an email is read. However, some emails require a follow-up action or users decide to read them later, so they cannot be discharged immediately. We present a prototype to keep track of these email-associated tasks that works as a plug-in inside a traditional email client. Besides providing flexible task management features, such as linking more than one message to a task to follow conversations, our system also supports exchanging tasks for collaborative work.
Carlos Saura, lector de J. L. Borges: ficción, realidad y mitos de transgresión en "Tango" (2005)

El crítico de cine y el espectador atento a las producciones cinematográficas fuera de los modelos más comunes y comerciales –ya sea en las salas de proyección, o por medio del vídeo, o del DVD– saben que Carlos Saura cumple sus expectativas de originalidad. Al huir deliberadamente de cualquier convencionalismo mercantilista, este cineasta instala su obra en un sistema de justificaciones internas.
A Parallel Flop Synchronizer and the Handshake Interface for Bridging Asynchronous Domains (2004)

Inter-domain communications on a chip require a synchronizer to resolve the timing problems between an input and a clock of a destination. This paper presents a parallel flop synchronizer and its interface circuit for transferring asynchronous data to the clock domain. The proposed scheme uses a bank of independent two-flops in parallel and supports a two-phase handshake protocol. Compared to the conventional two-flop synchronizer, performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme can reduce latency up to one and a half of clock cycles while retaining its safety to a tolerable level. All designs have been implemented in a 0.25 μm CMOS technology to verify performance analysis of the proposed synchronization.