gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of normal sperm characteristics in hypoprolactinemic infertile men treated with metoclopramide and exogenous human prolactin (1995)

We investigated the effects of induced increase in prolactin levels on spermatogenesis in 20 infertile men with hypoprolactinemia using exogenous human prolactin (hPRL) and metoclopramide. The subjects were selected from a population of 175 infertile men in whom the prevalence of hypoprolactinemia was 33.14%. Mean basal plasma prolactin was 2.79 +/- 0.62 ng.ml-1 in the infertile men and 9.57 +/- 2.14 ng.ml-1 in the normal control subjects. At the sixteenth week, mean plasma prolactin was 9.41 +/- 1.3 ng.ml-1 in subjects treated with exogenous hPRL and 5.2 +/- 0.7 ng.ml-1 in subjects treated with metoclopramide. Mean basal sperm concentration was approximately 8.8 million per milliliter in the infertile men and 41.5 million per milliliter in the normal control subjects. Mean sperm concentration was approximately 37 million per milliliter in subjects treated with exogenous hPRL, whereas the peak mean value was 23 million per milliliter in subjects treated with metoclopramide for 16 weeks. At basal conditions, the mean percentages of abnormal sperm were 66.75% +/- 14.93% and 21.36% +/- 4.78% in infertile and normal subjects, respectively. In subjects treated with exogenous hPRL and metoclopramide, the mean percentage of abnormal sperm were 24.7% and 31%, respectively, at week 16. Mean plasma prolactin, mean sperm concentration and the mean percentage of abnormal sperm were 3.3 +/- 1.4 ng.ml-1, 7 million per milliliter, and 60.5, respectively, in the infertile subjects after drug withdrawal at week 14. In normal control subjects, there was no significant difference (p = 0.01) in the plecebo effect. We therefore conclude that the low prolactin levels in this group of infertile men may be one of the primary causes of their infertility.
Automatic Control System for Freezing-Thawing Cycle Tests (2002)

The basic requirements for an automatic control system is proposed on the basis of the process of freezing thawing tests of concrete The paper describes emphatically the fundamental characteristics and performance of a new and practical automatic control system for freezing thawing cycles
One-pot synthesis of triangular gold nanoplates allowing broad and fine tuning of edge length (2010)

A photocatalytic approach was used to synthesize triangular nanoplates in aqueous solution. The synthesis is based on the reduction of a gold salt using a tin(iv) porphyrin as photocatalyst, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a stabilizing agent, and triethanolamine (TEA) as the final electron donor. The average edge length of the triangular nanoplates can be easily changed in the range 45-250 nm by varying the concentration of photocatalyst, and fine-tuning of the average edge length is achieved by varying the concentration of CTAB. Study of the mechanism of formation of the nanoplates by UV-vis and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that there is a first stage where formation of 5 nm seeds takes place, further growth is probably by fusion and by direct reduction of gold onto the preformed nanoparticles. The nanoparticles formed during the photocatalytic reduction of the gold precursor show an irregular shape that evolves to regular triangular nanoplates after ripening in solution for 24 h.
DFS70/LEDGFp75: An Enigmatic Autoantigen at the Interface between Autoimmunity, AIDS, and Cancer (2015)

Clinical and diagnostic laboratories often encounter patient sera containing antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) that produce a nuclear dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern on HEp-2 cells. These autoantibodies usually target the dense fine speckled protein of 70 kDa (DFS70), commonly known as lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGFp75). Anti-DFS70/LEDGFp75 autoantibodies have recently attracted much interest because of their relatively common occurrence in sera from patients with positive ANA tests with no clinical evidence of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD). Their presence has been documented primarily in patients with diverse non-SARD inflammatory conditions and "apparently healthy" individuals. While there is circumstantial evidence that depending on the context these autoantibodies could play protective, pathogenic, or sensor roles, their significance remains elusive. DFS70/LEDGFp75 has emerged during the past decade as a stress transcription co-activator relevant to HIV integration, cancer, and inflammation. It is not clear, however, what makes this protein the target of such a common autoantibody response. We suggest that a better understanding of DFS70/LEDGFp75 biology is key to elucidating the significance of its associated autoantibodies. Here, we discuss briefly our current understanding of this enigmatic autoantigen and potential scenarios leading to its targeting by the immune system.
Optical Fiber Telecommunications Volume VIA, Sixth Edition: Components and Subsystems (2013)

Optical Fiber Telecommunications VI (A&B) is the sixth in a series that has chronicled the progress in the R&D of lightwave communications since the early 1970s. Written by active authorities from academia and industry, this edition brings a fresh look to many essential topics, including devices, subsystems, systems and networks. A central theme is the enabling of high-bandwidth communications in a cost-effective manner for the development of customer applications. These volumes are an ideal reference for R&D engineers and managers, optical systems implementers, university researchers and students, network operators, and investors. Volume A is devoted to components and subsystems, including photonic integrated circuits, multicore and few-mode fibers, photonic crystals, silicon photonics, signal processing, and optical interconnections.
A Decision-Theoretic Video Conference System Based on Gesture Recognition. (2006)

This paper presents a new approach that combines computer vision and decision theory for an automatic video conference system. The setting is a video conference room in which a speaker interacts with surrounding objects, such as a computer, notes and books. Among a set of cameras, the system selects the most appropriate to show to the audience, according to the speaker activity. We assume that the activity of the speaker can be recognized based on hand gestures, and their interaction with the objects in the environment. The proposed approach combines context-based gesture recognition with a decision theoretic model to select the best view. Gesture recognition is based on hidden Markov models, combining motion and contextual information, where the context refers to the relation of the position of the hand with other objects. The posterior probability of each gesture is used in a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), to select the best view according to a utility function. The POMDP is implemented as a dynamic Bayesian network with certain lookahead. Preliminary experiments show good results in both, gesture recognition and view selection. We also present the effect of different lookahead periods in the performance of the system.
RF and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Shelled, Yellow-Dent Field Corn (1979)

ABSTRACT THE dielectric properties of shelled corn were measured at frequencies of 20 MHz, 300 MHz, and 2.45 GHz as the corn dried from moisture contents as high as 40 percent to a low of about 10 percent. The dielectric constant was the most reliable dielectric property to use as an indicator of moisture content. Variability of the dielectric constant among 21 lots of corn was about the same at all three frequencies. Data are presented graphically showing the dependence of the dielectric pro-perties on moisture content, frequency, bulk density, and temperature. The dielectric constant increases with moisture content, bulk density, and temperature and decreases with frequency. The thermal coefficients and bulk density coefficients for the dielectric constant in-crease in magnitude with moisture content. Relation-ships are also shown between bulk and kernel densities and moisture content. Equations are presented for estimating the dielectric constant of shelled, yellow-dent field corn as a function of moisture content, bulk densi-ty, and temperature.
Novel APC-like properties of human NK cells directly regulate T cell activation (2004)

Initiation of the adaptive immune response is dependent on the priming of naive T cells by APCs. Proteomic analysis of unactivated and activated human NK cell membrane-enriched fractions demonstrated that activated NK cells can efficiently stimulate T cells, since they upregulate MHC class II molecules and multiple ligands for TCR costimulatory molecules. Furthermore, by manipulating antigen administration, we show that NK cells possess multiple independent unique pathways for antigen uptake. These results highlight NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and specific ligand recognition by cell surface-activating receptors on NK cells as unique mechanisms for antigen capturing and presentation. In addition, we analyzed the T cell-activating potential of human NK cells derived from different clinical conditions, such as inflamed tonsils and noninfected and CMV-infected uterine decidual samples, and from transporter-associated processing antigen 2-deficient patients. This in vivo analysis revealed that proinflammatory, but not immune-suppressive, microenvironmental requirements can selectively dictate upregulation of T cell-activating molecules on NK cells. Taken together, these observations offer new and unexpected insights into the direct interactions between NK and T cells and suggest novel APC-like activating functions for human NK cells.
Complete genome sequence of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> , an anaerobic flesh-eater (2002)

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium that causes life-threatening gas gangrene and mild enterotoxaemia in humans, although it colonizes as normal intestinal flora of humans and animals. The organism is known to produce a variety of toxins and enzymes that are responsible for the severe myonecrotic lesions. Here we report the complete 3,031,430-bp sequence of C. perfringens strain 13 that comprises 2,660 protein coding regions and 10 rRNA genes, showing pronounced low overall G + C content (28.6%). The genome contains typical anaerobic fermentation enzymes leading to gas production but no enzymes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle or respiratory chain. Various saccharolytic enzymes were found, but many enzymes for amino acid biosynthesis were lacking in the genome. Twenty genes were newly identified as putative virulence factors of C. perfringens, and we found a total of five hyaluronidase genes that will also contribute to virulence. The genome analysis also proved an efficient method for finding four members of the two-component VirR/VirS regulon that coordinately regulates the pathogenicity of C. perfringens. Clearly, C. perfringens obtains various essential materials from the host by producing several degradative enzymes and toxins, resulting in massive destruction of the host tissues.
Development of a real-time adaptive current tomograph (1994)

Following the successful development of a multiple-drive electrical impedance tomography system OXPACT-II featuring a voltage-driven current method for in vitro studies, research work currently being undertaken at the EIT research group in Oxford is aimed at developing a real-time multiple-drive adaptive system, called the Oxford Brookes Adaptive Current Tomograph Mark-III (OXBACT-III) which will operate at several frequencies in between 10-160 kHz. The objective of this system development is to enable EIT clinical studies to be undertaken based on the adaptive current method. One of the most important issues addressed in the new system design is to achieve high data acquisition speed while maintaining sufficient system accuracy. This paper will describe the overall data acquisition system structure and relevant system performance specifications.
Achievable Rates of UAV-Relayed Cooperative Cognitive Radio MIMO Systems (2017)

We study the achievable rate of an uplink MIMO cognitive radio system where the primary user (PU) and the secondary user (SU) aim to communicate to the closest primary base station (BS) via a multi-access channel through the same unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay. The SU message is then forwarded from the primary BS to the secondary network with a certain incentive reward as a part of the cooperation protocol between both the networks. A special linear precoding scheme is proposed to enable the SU to exploit the PU free eigenmodes. We analyze two scenarios in which the UAV relay gain matrix is either fixed or optimized. We derive the optimal power allocation that maximizes the achievable rate of the SU respecting power budget, interference, and relay power constraints. Numerical results highlight the cognitive rate gain of our proposed scheme with respect to various problem parameters. We also highlight the effect of UAV altitude on the SU and PU rates. Finally, when the relay matrix is optimized, we show that the PU rate is remarkably enhanced and that the SU rate is only improved at high-power regime.
Tissue tightening technologies: Fact or fiction (2008)

Skin laxity is associated with chronological aging and exposure to solar radiation. The authors summarize the advantages and limitations of current laser, light-, and radiofrequency (RF)-based technologies purported to treat skin laxity by effecting heat-induced collagen contraction and subsequent remodeling during the months after treatment. Although penetration of laser or broadband light to the deep dermal layers is limited because of scattering of the light by epidermal melanin, a new device in which broadband infrared light is minimally scattered may overcome these limitations. RF energy offers a treatment alternative that has not only been proven to promote collagen contraction and remodeling but also is not scattered by epidermal constituents. Recently launched devices that use combinations of optical and RF energy achieve clinical benefits at lower and therefore safer levels of energy, with only mild pain and few adverse effects. A combined infrared-RF device takes maximum advantage of both optical and RF technologies to achieve the desired clinical effect. The electrooptical synergy systems have proven to be safe, effective, reliable, and user-friendly. Other more advanced powerful technologies may also be effective in this setting.
On-Chip Voltage Down Converter to Improve SRAM Read/Write Margin and Static Power for Sub-Nano CMOS Technology (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> VDC-based dynamic power supply approach has been demonstrated to effectively improve the read margin, write margin and static power dissipation for the sub-nano SRAM design. The static power dissipation is found to be 5<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex></formula> improvement in the room and high temperatures while the chip is in the standby mode. The measured data indicate the excellent <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\rm V}_{\rm ccmin}$</tex></formula> improvement at around 240 mV. This 2M 65 nm SRAM chip can operate at 0.7 V with the help of the on-chip VDC. Furthermore, with the programmability of the VDC, we can optimize the read margin and write margin separately to have dramatic yield improvement. In the advancement of CMOS technology, the VDC approach can improve the future SRAM cell operation without additional external power supplies and complicate design modification. </para>
Fractional correlation (1995)

Recently, optical interpretations of the fractional-Fourier-transform operator have been introduced. On the basis of this operator the fractional correlation operator is defined in two different ways that are both consistent with the definition of conventional correlation. Fractional correlation is not always a shift-invariant operation. This property leads to some new applications for fractional correlation as shift-variant image detection. A bulk-optics implementation of fractional correlation is suggested and demonstrated with computer simulations.
A Novel Coupling of Three-contact Parallel-field Hall Devices for Offset Compensation (2014)

A novel coupling of two three-contact parallel-field Hall devices, ensuring almost full offset compensation and doubled output voltage at an increased signal-to-offset ratio is presented. The two silicon Hall elements are coupled as follows - the two pairs of outer contacts are connected via two load resistors of equal value converting simultaneously the current changes in a magnetic field into Hall voltage. Since the currents in both structures are opposite, the Hall voltages are equal in value but of opposite sign. At fabrication of the devices on the same silicon chip, the two offsets are almost equal and their temperature drifts are perfectly matched. The sensor output signal results from subtraction of two device output voltages using circuitry with three op-amps. The residual offset is about 150 times smaller than the internal ones. The obtained output voltage-to-residual offset ratio at channel magnetosensitivity of 76 V/AT is very promising, reaching 7x103.
A quantum probability explanation for violations of ‘rational’ decision theory (2009)

Two experimental tasks in psychology, the two-stage gambling game and the Prisoner's Dilemma game, show that people violate the sure thing principle of decision theory. These paradoxical findings have resisted explanation by classical decision theory for over a decade. A quantum probability model, based on a Hilbert space representation and Schrödinger's equation, provides a simple and elegant explanation for this behaviour. The quantum model is compared with an equivalent Markov model and it is shown that the latter is unable to account for violations of the sure thing principle. Accordingly, it is argued that quantum probability provides a better framework for modelling human decision-making.
Sickle cell disease related mortality in the United States (1999-2009) (2013)

Mortality during childhood has decreased significantly. However, the transition period from pediatric to adult care is critical. Risk-reduction, monitoring, and early treatment intervention of cardiovascular disease in adults is warranted.
Funnel testing in webpage optimisation: representation, design and analysis (2017)

When optimizing webpages in order to achieve the best conversion rate, the traditional approach is to isolate and analyze them separately through a sequence of experiments. In this paper, we propose a new framework to study a system of webpages simultaneously through the use of directed graph, fractional factorial design and simple optimization algorithm. The illustrative example shows that such complicated web systems can be easily studied and optimized by using the proposed methodology.
Recent trends in silicon micromachining technology (1995)

The rapid expansion in number and scope of research projects in the general area of micromachining technology makes the field especially interesting. Advances, particularly from universities and research institutes, suggest that increased commercial development is likely in a number of new fields. The nature of the fabrication technologies used to make these prototype parts, however, lead to difficulties in quickly reaping commercial benefits from these technolgoical advancements. This is in contrast to the nature of commercial development in the integrated circuit industry, where standardized processes result in rapid development of systems and products which use new designs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Results on the Cyclization Tendency of Diacyl 2‐ Aminobenzamidoximes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Speed and Wider Swing, Level Shifter Using Low-Temperature Poly-Silicon Oxide TFTs (2019)

We report the CMOS level shifter (LS) made of p-type low-temperature poly-Si (LTPS) TFT using blue laser annealing (BLA) of amorphous Si (a-Si) and an n-type amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFT. Two cascaded inverters with the bootstrap capacitor are utilized. 1- clock signal and 2- supply voltage are employed to obtain a full output swing from high output voltage to ground. For an input swing of (2-10) V, the proposed LS shows a shifted output swing of (10-30) V. Having the fast rise time of 688 ns, it operates in the broad clock frequency range of 1 ~ 500 kHz. The operating clock frequency, `rail-to-rail' level shifting and faster rise time confirm its superiority.
Fit for purpose (2009)

Subtitle: Dr. C. J. King advises you how to get the most out of your AME and your aviation medical.
Advances in<i>in situ</i>powder diffraction of battery materials: a case study of the new beamline P02.1 at DESY, Hamburg (2013)

A brief review of in situ powder diffraction methods for battery materials is given. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the new beamline P02.1 at the synchrotron source PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg), equipped with a new electrochemical test cell design and a fast two-dimensional area detector, enables outstanding conditions for in situ diffraction studies on battery materials with complex crystal structures. For instance, the time necessary to measure a pattern can be reduced to the region of milliseconds accompanied by an excellent pattern quality. It is shown that even at medium detector distances the instrumental resolution is suitable for crystallite size refinements. Additional crucial issues like contributions to the background and available q range are determined.
Endoscopic Time-Lapse Imaging of Immune Cells in Infarcted Mouse Hearts (2013)

The time-lapse analysis of flowing and rolling (patrolling) monocytes in the heart and the peripheral circulation provides evidence that the massively recruited monocytes come first from the vascular reservoir and later from the spleen. The imaging method requires minimal surgical preparation and can be implemented into standard intravital microscopes. Our results demonstrate the applicability of our imaging method for a wide range of cardiovascular research.
A Review: Biological Synthesis Of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles (2012)

The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles were known since ancient times and silver ions are widely used as bactericidal agent. Researchers have also recommended the use of silver and copper ions as superior disinfectants for wastewater generated from hospitals containing infectious microorganisms. A wide range of nanophasic and nanostructured particles are being fabricated globally with the aim of developing clean, nontoxic and eco-friendly technologies. Use of ambient biological resources in this area of science is rapidly gaining importance owing to its growing success and simplicity. Currently, simple prokaryotes to complex eukaryotic organisms including higher angiospermic plants are used for the fabrication of NPs.