gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The scenario-based generalization of radiation therapy margins (2016)

We give a scenario-based treatment plan optimization formulation that is equivalent to planning with geometric margins if the scenario doses are calculated using the static dose cloud approximation. If the scenario doses are instead calculated more accurately, then our formulation provides a novel robust planning method that overcomes many of the difficulties associated with previous scenario-based robust planning methods. In particular, our method protects only against uncertainties that can occur in practice, it gives a sharp dose fall-off outside high dose regions, and it avoids underdosage of the target in 'easy' scenarios. The method shares the benefits of the previous scenario-based robust planning methods over geometric margins for applications where the static dose cloud approximation is inaccurate, such as irradiation with few fields and irradiation with ion beams. These properties are demonstrated on a suite of phantom cases planned for treatment with scanned proton beams subject to systematic setup uncertainty.
Estimation of physical buildings parameters using interval thermostat data (2017)

Significant energy savings can be achieved by retrofitting the enclosures and HVAC systems of existing residential buildings. Identification of building retrofit opportunities currently requires on-site energy assessments that are inconvenient to homeowners, expensive, and are of variable accuracy, making it challenging to deliver cost-effective retrofit opportunities at scale. Massive deployment of communicating thermostats provides a possibility for remote energy assessment by analyzing the associated interval indoor temperature and heating system run-time data. In this paper, we present a methodology to estimate the overall building insulation level, HVAC system efficiency, and building airtightness from the communicating thermostat data. The methodology uses a grey-box model of a residential building and includes identification of basic model parameters, followed by estimation and non-parametric modeling of generally variable external and internal heat gains/losses. In this way, it is also possible to predict indoor temperature and energy consumption of the building under various retrofit scenarios and user behaviors. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Simultaneous Nerve Displacement Mapping for Human Peripheral Neuromodulation (2019)

Focused ultrasound (FUS), being non-invasive and non-ionizing, has been postulated as a possible therapeutic for peripheral nerve modulation. Recently, the ability to use high intensity, short pulse FUS has been demonstrated in rodents. In order to adapt this technology for clinical translation, a technique for real-time imaging and validation of FUS neuromodulation is needed. In this study, we developed a technique to image FUS using a two probes, connected to a single Vantage research ultrasound machine for real-time elastography during FUS delivery without interleaved transmits. Using a custom transmit sequence, we can image displacements around 1 μm. Validation of FUS delivery to the median nerve was performed in humans (n = 5). This technique allows for greater accuracy and confidence in applying neuromodulation to human peripheral nerves.
Propagation and reduction of error in three‐dimensional structure determined from biplane views of unknown orientation (1990)

We are developing a technique for determination of the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of vascular objects from two radiographic projection images acquired at arbitrary and unknown relative orientations. No separate calibration steps are required with this method, which exploits an inherent redundancy of biplane imaging to extract the imaging geometry as well as the 3-D locations of eight or more object points. The theoretical basis of this technique has been described previously. In this paper, we review the method from the perspective of linear algebra and describe an improvement, not heretofore reported, that reduces the method's sensitivity to experimental error. We then examine the feasibility and inherent accuracy of this approach by computer simulation of biplane imaging experiments. The precision with which 3-D object structure may be retrieved, together with the dependence of precision on the actual imaging geometry and errors in various measured quantities, is studied in detail. Our simulation studies show that the method is not only feasible but potentially accurate, typically determining object-point configurations with root-mean-square (RMS) error on the order of 1 to 2 mm. The method is also quite fast, requiring approximately one second of CPU time on a VAX 11/750 computer (0.6 MIPS).
Security constraint processing in a multilevel secure distributed database management system (1995)

In a multilevel secure distributed database management system, users cleared at different security levels access and share a distributed database consisting of data at different sensitivity levels. An approach to assigning sensitivity levels, also called security levels, to data is one which utilizes constraints or classification rules. Security constraints provide an effective classification policy. They can be used to assign security levels to the data based on content, context, and time. We extend our previous work on security constraint processing in a centralized multilevel secure database management system by describing techniques for processing security constraints in a distributed environment during query, update, and database design operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Varrier<sup>TM</sup>autostereoscopic virtual reality display (2005)

Virtual reality (VR) has long been hampered by the gear needed to make the experience possible; specifically, stereo glasses and tracking devices. Autostereoscopic display devices are gaining popularity by freeing the user from stereo glasses, however few qualify as VR displays. The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) has designed and produced a large scale, high resolution head-tracked barrier-strip autostereoscopic display system that produces a VR immersive experience without requiring the user to wear any encumbrances. The resulting system, called Varrier, is a passive parallax barrier 35-panel tiled display that produces a wide field of view, head-tracked VR experience. This paper presents background material related to parallax barrier autostereoscopy, provides system configuration and construction details, examines Varrier interleaving algorithms used to produce the stereo images, introduces calibration and testing, and discusses the camera-based tracking subsystem.
<title>Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging</title> (1995)

Ultrasound is an inexpensive and widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and staging of a number of diseases; nevertheless, technical improvements are needed before its full potential is realized. We believe that 2-D viewing of the 3-D anatomy, using conventional ultrasound procedures, limits our ability to quantify, diagnose and stage a number of diseases because: conventional ultrasound images are 2-D, multiple images must be integrated in the diagnostician's mind to develop a 3-D impression of the anatomy leading to a time-consuming process with increased operator variability; the patient's anatomy or orientation sometimes restricts the image angle, resulting in the optimal image plane necessary for diagnosis being unavailable; and, it is difficult to localize the conventional 2-D image plane and reproduce it at a later time, making it suboptimal for monitoring of therapy. Our efforts have focused on overcoming these deficiencies by developing 3-D ultrasound imaging techniques that are capable of acquiring B-mode, color Doppler and power Doppler images from existing ultrasound instruments, reconstructing the information in 3-D, and then allowing interactive viewing of 3-D ultrasound images on inexpensive desktop computers.
Thermal management of thermoacoustic sound projectors using a free-standing carbon nanotube aerogel sheet as a heat source (2014)

International audience
An Execution Trace Verification Method on Linearizability (2011)

As multicore processors have become the standard architecture for general-purpose machines, programmers are required to write software optimized for parallelism. Verifying parallel code is very complex, and new practical methods
for verification are therefore very important. Tools that provide verification for complex parallel code are still missing. This dissertation introduces a method for testing the execution of code and shows that this method already provides valuable results for the application programmer. The verification method is used to prove whether a program trace is linearizable. In addition, some useful properties of algorithms are highlighted by which a practical use of the method can be optimized. Furthermore, this work provides a case study on priority queues of how this method can be applied. Our case study shows that practicable results can be obtained with this method.
Synthetic and Structural Studies of (NHC)Pd(allyl)Cl Complexes (NHC =<i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene) (2004)

The synthesis and structural characterization of a series of palladium complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) as supporting ligands are described. The reaction of commercially available [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 and isolated or in situ generated NHC leads to monomeric palladium complexes where one NHC is bound to the metal center, as indicated by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The relative reactivity trend for these complexes as catalysts in aryl amination is discussed in terms of ligand steric properties, which vary as a function of imidazole-nitrogen substituents and perturbation resulting in modulation of ring planarity. The concept of buried volume is used to quantify the steric demand of each NHC in the corresponding complexes.
Efficiency enhancement of InGaN/GaN light‐emitting diodes utilizing island‐like GaN substrate (2004)

Abstract This study develops a novel way to fabricate GaN LED (light emitting diode) chips with special shape to improve the optical output power. The thick and shaped GaN islands were first prepared on c ‐axis sapphire substrate by lithography and selective growth of Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE). The shaped GaN LED chips were then fabricated from each GaN island. The output power from shaped LED chip is measured about 2 times of that from normal cubic chip. It indicates that the island‐like GaN substarte will be useful in the manufacture of high efficient GaN‐based LEDs. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biosynthesis of anthracycline antibiotics by Streptomyces galilaeus. II. Structure of new anthracycline antibiotics obtained by microbial glycosidation and biological activity. (1980)

New anthracycline antibiotics derived from epsilon-, gamma- and beta-rhodomycinones and epsilon-isorhodomycinone by the microbial glycosidation using an aclacinomycin-negative mutant, the strain KE303, of Streptomyces galilaeus MA144-M1 were studied to elucidate their structures and biological activities. These antibiotics were the products in which the anthracyclinones added as precursors were linked at C-7 or C-10 position with the same trisaccharide moiety (cinerulosyl-2-deoxyfucosyl-rhodosaminyl group) as in the parental antibiotic aclacinomycin A. In addition to antimicrobial activity, they exhibited the growth inhibition of cultured L1210 leukemia cells and the marked inhibition against DNA and RNA synthesis.
Use of intraoperative CT scanning for quality control assessment of cochlear implant electrode array placement* (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Imaging of cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays (EAs) consists of intraoperative fluoroscopy to rule out tip fold-over and/or post-operative computerized tomography (CT) if concern exists regarding extrusion or misplacement of the EA. Intraoperative CT (iCT) can satisfy these current needs and enables specification of final intracochlear position.<b>Aims/objectives:</b> To describe iCT scanning of CI recipients at an academic medical center.<b>Materials and methods:</b> iCT was used to scan CI recipients within the operating room before recovering from general anesthesia.<b>Results:</b> In fiscal year 2019, 301 CI were placed (83 children, 218 adult). One hundred, seventy-five iCTs were performed (58% of total CIs) of which 52 were children (63% of pediatric CIs) and 123 were adult (57% of adult CIs). Of 7 CI surgeons, use of iCT ranged from 14% to 100% (mean 60%). Four tip fold-overs were identified and corrected intraoperatively. Surgeons reported using the images to improve technique (i.e. pulling back precurved EAs to improve perimodiolar positioning).<b>Conclusion and significance:</b> The current standard of care for CI is to insert EAs without feedback as to final location. iCT provides surgeons with rapid post-insertion feedback which allows detection and correction of suboptimally placed EAs as well as refinement of surgical technique.
Clostridium botulinum Strains Producing BoNT/F4 or BoNT/F5 (2014)

Botulinum neurotoxin type F (BoNT/F) may be produced by Clostridium botulinum alone or in combination with another toxin type such as BoNT/A or BoNT/B. Type F neurotoxin gene sequences have been further classified into seven toxin subtypes. Recently, the genome sequence of one strain of C. botulinum (Af84) was shown to contain three neurotoxin genes (bont/F4, bont/F5, and bont/A2). In this study, eight strains containing bont/F4 and seven strains containing bont/F5 were examined. Culture supernatants produced by these strains were incubated with BoNT/F-specific peptide substrates. Cleavage products of these peptides were subjected to mass spectral analysis, allowing detection of the BoNT/F subtypes present in the culture supernatants. PCR analysis demonstrated that a plasmid-specific marker (PL-6) was observed only among strains containing bont/F5. Among these strains, Southern hybridization revealed the presence of an approximately 242-kb plasmid harboring bont/F5. Genome sequencing of four of these strains revealed that the genomic backgrounds of strains harboring either bont/F4 or bont/F5 are diverse. None of the strains analyzed in this study were shown to produce BoNT/F4 and BoNT/F5 simultaneously, suggesting that strain Af84 is unusual. Finally, these data support a role for the mobility of a bont/F5-carrying plasmid among strains of diverse genomic backgrounds.
Improved measurement of polarization state in terahertz polarization spectroscopy (2012)

A calibration scheme is presented for improved polarization state measurement of terahertz pulses. In this scheme the polarization response of a two-contact terahertz photoconductive detector is accurately measured, and is used to correct for the impact of the nonidealities of the detector. Experimental results show excellent subdegree angular accuracy and at least 60% error reduction with this scheme.
Alterations of centromere positions in nuclei of immortalized and malignant mouse lymphocytes (2007)

The 3D positions of centromeres are altered during cellular transformation. In lymphocytes, centromeres are found in more central nuclear positions following immortalization and transformation. These nuclear changes reflect structural remodeling of mammalian nuclei during oncogenesis and may impact on the structural organization of chromosomes. How centromeric changes are linked to nuclear remodeling can now be quantitatively examined using the tools of this study.
A Broadband Planar Magic-T Using Microstrip–Slotline Transitions (2008)

The improved version of a broadband planar magic-T using microstrip-slotline transitions is presented. The design implements a small microstrip-slotline tee junction with minimum size slotline terminations to reduce radiation loss. A multisection impedance transformation network is used to increase the operating bandwidth and minimize the parasitic coupling around the microstrip-slotline tee junction. As a result, the improved magic-T has greater bandwidth and lower phase imbalance at the sum and difference ports than the earlier magic-T design. The experimental results show that the 10-GHz magic-T provides more than 70% of 1-dB operating bandwidth with the average in-band insertion loss of less than 0.6 dB. It also has phase and amplitude imbalance of less than plusmn1deg and plusmn0.25 dB, respectively.
The Extended Kalman Filter for Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2005)

Glucose monitoring is a problem with evolving solutions using sensors and data processing techniques that are continually improving. This paper presents the development and application of the extended Kalman filter to the problem of real-time estimation of blood glucose levels and is consistent with sensors based on optical, electrical, or chemical processes. The structure of the extended Kalman filter provides the capability to systematically accommodate new information as it develops. This flexibility and the potential for performance improvement are demonstrated by processing patient data files generated using the Medtronic (Northridge, CA) MiniMed continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).
<title>Partial response modulation codes for electron trapping optical memory (ETOM)</title> (1995)

We consider the problem of coding for a recording channel. Traditional magnetic or optical channels employ saturation recording, where the input to the channel is a two-level waveform. New optical recording channels have been developed that support unsaturated, M-ary (M >= 3) signal levels. In this paper we consider the analysis and design of partial response codes for these channels. Comparisons are made with M-ary runlength limited codes. The partial response codes presented here achieve the largest known storage density and achieve a coding gain of 3-6 dB over M-ary runlength limited codes.
A Novel Plating Process for Microencapsulating Metal Hydrides (1996)

One approach to increasing the lifetime of the metal hydride electrode has been the use of conventional electroless plating to produce a coating of copper or nickel on the surface of the metal hydride powders. In this paper, a novel method for microencapsulating the active electrode powders is presented. This new plating technique takes advantage of the reducing power of hydrogen already stored inside the metal hydride to plate a variety of metals onto metal hydride materials. This method greatly simplifies electroless plating for these powders, eliminating the need for stabilizers and additives typically required for conventional electroless plating solutions. Metals that can be electrolessly plated with stored hydrogen have been identified based on thermodynamic considerations. Experimentally, micrometers thick coatings of copper, silver, and nickel have been plated on several metal hydrides.
Function of human pluripotent stem cell-derived photoreceptor progenitors in blind mice (2016)

Photoreceptor degeneration due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a primary cause of inherited retinal blindness. Photoreceptor cell-replacement may hold the potential for repair in a completely degenerate retina by reinstating light sensitive cells to form connections that relay information to downstream retinal layers. This study assessed the therapeutic potential of photoreceptor progenitors derived from human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs) using a protocol that is suitable for future clinical trials. ESCs and iPSCs were cultured in four specific stages under defined conditions, resulting in generation of a near-homogeneous population of photoreceptor-like progenitors. Following transplantation into mice with end-stage retinal degeneration, these cells differentiated into photoreceptors and formed a cell layer connected with host retinal neurons. Visual function was partially restored in treated animals, as evidenced by two visual behavioral tests. Furthermore, the magnitude of functional improvement was positively correlated with the number of engrafted cells. Similar efficacy was observed using either ESCs or iPSCs as source material. These data validate the potential of human pluripotent stem cells for photoreceptor replacement therapies aimed at photoreceptor regeneration in retinal disease.
CT‐guided robotic needle biopsy of lung nodules with respiratory motion – experimental system and preliminary test (2012)

The proposed robotic needle placement technique is promising for accurately biopsying lung nodules under respiratory motion and those with very small sizes.
Balloon sclerotherapy: A new method for the treatment of truncal varicose veins (2008)

Balloonsclerotherapy combines two well-established procedures (balloon catheter therapy and sclerotherapy, namely) and promises to be a minimal-invasive and cheap endovenous therapy of truncal varicose veins, requiring local anesthesia at the puncture site only and reducing possible systemic side effects of the sclerosing agent.
<i>Fse</i>l, a new type II restriction endonuclease that recognizes the octanucleotide sequence 5′ GGCCGGCC 3′ (1990)

A Type II restriction endonuclease, designated FseI, has been partially purified from a Frankia species (NRRL 18528). This enzyme cleaves Adenovirus 2 DNA at three sites, but does not cleave the DNAs from bacteriophages lambda, T7, and phi X174, the animal virus SV40, pUC18 and pBR322. FseI recognizes the octanucleotide sequence 5' GGCCGG decreases CC 3' and cleaves as indicated by the arrow. The frequency of occurrence of FseI sites within sequenced regions of the human genome is similar to that for NotI sites.
A Widely Wavelength Tunable Mode-locked Fiber Laser using All Fiber Optic Frequency Shifter (1996)

Ultra short pulse generation using a fiber source is a challenging area for all optical communication applications. Many efforts have been devoted into generating short pulses with a variety of methods[1][2]. The wavelength tuning capability of the fiber source are also of a great interest for WDM system application. The sliding frequency soliton fiber laser was reported for a possibility of wavelength tuning within a limited wavelength range[3][4]. In this paper, we report on a successful demonstration of a newly designed all fiber sliding frequency mode-locked fiber laser with a wide tuning range and a sub-picosecond pulse width.
Spread Spectrum Multiplexed Noise Codes (1982)

The contents of this paper comprises a treatise on spread spectrum multiplexed noise codes. Multiplexed noise codes are codes formed with mate code pairs which when orthogonally multiplexed, transmitted, and detected in a matched filter possess an impulse autocorrelation function (i.e., noise like codes which compress to a single impulse containing no sidelobes). The fundamental requirement for achieving this desirable result is that the autocorrelation function of the two codes forming a mate pair must be of equal magnitude and opposite sense for all values of time outside of the main lobe. The various fundamental concepts which define the requirements for obtaining lobeless compression, an orthogonal noise code subclass, and basic general code expansion concepts are described and theoretically verified. In addition, a relatively complete coverage of the various unique attributes inherent in multiplexed noise codes are disclosed. In essence, a practical unified theory and explanation of these codes is presented to teach the principles involved and illustrate the magnitude of the gains that are realizable from codes that are capable of compressing to a lobeless impulse and which are available in abundance. The theoretical treatment demonstrates that the concepts and applications are all technically sound. Utilizing the various concepts established, an orthogonal subset of multiplexed noise codes (32 bit mate pair codes) was implemented actively using shift registers and tested in appropriate test configurations to verify that the theoretical performance can be obtained with practical hardware.