gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytocompatible Anti-microbial Dressings of Syzygium cumini Cellulose Nanocrystals Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles Accelerate Acute and Diabetic Wound Healing (2017)

The ever increasing incidences of non-healing skin wounds have paved way for many efforts on the convoluted process of wound healing. Unfortunately, the lack of relevance and success of modern wound dressings in healing of acute and diabetic wounds still remains a matter of huge concern. Here, an in situ three step approach was embraced for the development of nanocomposite (NCs) dressings by impregnating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto a matrix of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from Syzygium cumini leaves using an environmental friendly approach. Topical application of NCs (ointments and strips) on acute and diabetic wounds of mice documented enhanced tissue repair (~99% wound closure) via decrease in inflammation; increase in angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and rate of neo-epithelialization that ultimately led to formation of aesthetically sound skin in lesser time than controls. Due to the synergistic action of CNCs (having high water uptake capacity) and AgNPs (anti-microbial agents), NCs tend to increase the expression of essential growth factors (FGF, PDGF and VEGF) and collagen while decreasing the pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) at the same time, thus accelerating healing. The results suggested the potential of these developed anti-microbial, cytocompatible and nanoporous NCs having optimized AgNPs concentration as ideal dressings for effective wound management.
Geometric calibration using line fiducials for cone-beam CT with general, non-circular source-detector trajectories (2017)

The proposed method has been shown feasible for conventional circular CBCT scans and offers a promising tool for non-circular scan orbits that can improve image quality, reduce dose, and extend field of view.
Unified Synthesis of Right Halves of Halichondrins A–C (2017)

The right halves of halichondrins A-C were synthesized by coupling the common C20-C37 building block 9 with the C1-C19 building blocks 10a-c, respectively. Catalytic, asymmetric Ni/Cr-mediated coupling was used for three C-C bond formations. For all cases, the stereochemistry was controlled with the Cr catalyst prepared from the chiral sulfonamide identified via the toolbox approach. For (3 + 4)-, (6 + 7)-, and (9 + 10)-couplings, the stereoselectivity of 28:1, >40:1, and ∼20:1 was achieved by the Cr catalysts prepared from (S)-H, (S)-I, and (R)-L, respectively. Unlike the first and second couplings, the third coupling used the structurally complex nucleophile. It was demonstrated that the coupling efficiency was excellent even with the electrophile/nucleophile molar ratio = 1.0/1.1. In addition, the third coupling was achieved with the substrate bearing a free hydroxyl group. The products obtained in the Ni/Cr-mediated couplings were converted to the right halves of halichondrins A-C in excellent overall yields. The right halves of halichondrins A-C (1a-c) were synthesized in 28, 24, and 24 steps from commercial d-galactal in 13.4%, 21.1%, and 16.7% overall yield, respectively.
Conformation of a novel tetrapeptide inhibitor NH<sub>2</sub>‐<scp>d</scp>‐Trp‐<scp>d</scp>‐Met‐Phe(<i>p</i>Cl)‐Gla‐NH<sub>2</sub>bound to farnesyl‐protein transferase (1999)

Abstract: Farnesyl‐protein transferase (FPTase) catalyzes the post‐translational farnesylation of the cysteine residue located in the C‐terminal tetrapeptide of the Ras oncoprotein. Prenylation of this residue is essential for membrane association and cell‐transforming activities of ras . Inhibitors of FPTase have been demonstrated to display antitumor activity in both tissue culture and animal models, and thus represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human cancers. A synthetic tetrapeptide library, which included an expanded set of 68 l ‐, d ‐ and noncoded amino acids, has been screened for inhibitors of FPTase activity. The tetrapeptide, NH 2 ‐ d ‐Trp‐ d ‐Met‐ l ‐Phe( p Cl)‐ l ‐Gla‐NH 2 was shown to be competitive with the isoprenyl cosubstrate, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) but not with the peptide substrate, the C‐terminal tetrapeptide of the Ras protein. The FPTase‐bound conformation of the inhibitor, NH 2 ‐ d ‐Trp‐ d ‐Met‐ l ‐Phe( p Cl)‐ l ‐Gla‐NH 2 was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Distance constraints were derived from two‐dimensional transferred nuclear Overhauser effect (TRNOE) experiments. Ligand competition experiments identified the NOEs that originate from the active‐site conformation of the inhibitor. Structures were calculated using a combination of distance geometry and restrained energy minimization. The peptide backbone is shown to adopt a reverse‐turn conformation most closely approximating a type II′β‐turn. The resolved conformation of the inhibitor represents a distinctly different structural motif from that determined for Ras‐competitive inhibitors. Knowledge of the bound conformation of this novel inhibitor provides a template and future direction for the design of new classes of FPTase antagonists.
Prototype Medical Exoskeleton for Paraplegic Mobility: First Experimental Results (2010)

Spinal cord injuries leave thousands of patients confined to wheelchairs, resulting in a life of severely limited mobility. This condition also subjects them to the risk of secondary injuries. Because exoskeletons are externally driven machines in which the actuation is coupled to the person’s joints, they offer an ideal method to help paraplegics walk. The exoskeleton presented here is a mobile, battery powered device that uses hydraulically actuated hip and knee joints in the sagittal plane to move a patient’s joints. The control strategy mimics standard human walking using foot sensors to determine the walking state. This activates position control of the joints to follow standard walking trajectories based on clinical gait analysis data. Initial patient testing of the device showed that the exoskeleton enabled one incomplete paraplegic to significantly improve his gait function and three complete paraplegic patients to walk.
Protection against group B Neisseria meningitidis disease: effect of serogroup B polysaccharide and polymyxin B on immunogenicity of serotype protein preparations (1982)

The inability to prepare an effective polysaccharide vaccine against group B Neisseria meningitidis was the impetus for these studies. Outer membrane protein vaccines used in our initial studies failed to induce bactericidal antibodies in humans. The particulate nature of these vaccines may have led to their clearance before effective immune stimulation. Less denaturing procedures, therefore, were developed for preparation of serotype 2 protein-containing vaccines. These procedures included isolation of naturally released outer membrane vesicles and selective removal of lipopolysaccharide from the vesicles by the nonionic detergent Brij-96. The resultant protein vaccines were evaluated with and without noncovalently complexed group B meningococcal polysaccharide or polymyxin B sulfate or both. The new vaccines were at least 10-fold more immunogenic in mice and guinea pigs than the previous vaccines when assayed for bactericidal and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies. The protein vaccines alone protected guinea pigs from intrachamber infection, and a single 0.1-microgram injection prevented meningococcal bacteremia in mice. Addition of group B polysaccharide to the protein significantly improved the immunogenicity of the protein, and this combined vaccine showed a greater protective effect. Polymyxin B generally reduced the immunogenicity of the vaccines in both mice and guinea pigs.
Use of gas plasmas to increase breakdown strengths in polycarbonate film/foil capacitors (1992)

It is shown that the electrical breakdown voltages of polycarbonate film/metal foil capacitors can be increased. This can be achieved by briefly exposing the metal foil in these spirally wound film foil sections to a low-pressure, low-temperature gas plasma. Exposure of tin/lead foil to a 96% CF/sub 4//4% O/sub 2/ gas plasma for four min, for example, produced >500% increase in breakdown voltage of sealed polycarbonate capacitors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experiments and analysis of high cyclic variability at the operational limits of spark-assisted HCCI combustion (2012)

During combustion mode switches, between homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark ignition (SI) combustion, the engine will operate at throttled and stoichiometric conditions where high cyclic variability (CV) is typically observed. To analyze and eventually model the engine behavior at the high CV condition we perform measurements on a four-cylinder HCCI engine with negative valve overlap and describe a cycle-resolved analysis method that enables the characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations at such conditions. The dynamic behavior observed is characterized by the recycling of thermal and chemical energy between cycles. We quantify the cyclic exchange and relate it to the dynamic patterns that emerge from this high CV condition. We also clarify the contributions of the spark at these conditions, where advancing the spark can significantly reduce the variability. It is our conclusion that the dynamic patterns observed can be characterized by the cycle-resolved combustion efficiency as it is an essential non-linearity in the dynamic evolution.
Paper-based piezoresistive MEMS sensors (2011)

This paper describes the development of MEMS force sensors constructed using paper as the structural material. The working principle on which these paper-based sensors are based is the piezoresistive effect generated by conductive materials patterned on a paper substrate. The device is inexpensive (∼$0.04 per device for materials), simple to fabricate, lightweight, and disposable. Paper can be readily folded into three-dimensional structures to increase the stiffness of the sensor while keeping it light in weight. The entire fabrication process can be completed within one hour without expensive cleanroom facilities using simple tools (e.g., a paper cutter and a painting knife). We demonstrated that the paper-based sensor can measure forces with moderate performance (i.e., resolution: 120 μN, measurement range: ±16 mN, and sensitivity: 0.84 mV mN(-1)). We applied this sensor to characterizing the mechanical properties of a soft material. Leveraging the same sensing concept, we also developed a paper-based balance with a measurement range of 15 g, and a resolution of 0.39 g.
Gonadocrinins (1981)

Laboratories for Neuroendocrinology, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
Silver-Colloid-Nucleated Cytochrome <i>c</i> Superstructures Encapsulated in Silica Nanoarchitectures (2004)

We recently discovered that self-organized superstructures of the heme protein cytochrome c (cyt. c) are nucleated in buffer by gold nanoparticles. The protein molecules within the superstructure survive both silica sol-gel encapsulation and drying from supercritical carbon dioxide to form air-filled biocomposite aerogels that exhibit gas-phase binding activity for nitric oxide. In this investigation, we report that viable proteins are present in biocomposite aerogels when the nucleating metal nanoparticle is silver rather than gold. Silver colloids were synthesized via reduction of an aqueous solution of Ag+ using either citrate or borohydride reductants. As determined by transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, the silver nanoparticles vary in size and shape depending on the synthetic route, which affects the fraction of cyt. c that survives the processing necessary to form a biocomposite aerogel. Silver colloids synthesized via the citrate preparation are polydisperse, with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm, and lead to low cyt. c viability in the dried bioaerogels (approximately 15%). Protein superstructures nucleated at approximately 10-nm Ag colloids prepared via the borohydride route, including citrate stabilization of the borohydride-reduced metal, retain significant protein viability within the bioaerogels (approximately 45%).
A new measuring method of unsaturated inductances of synchronous machine. (1996)

This paper proposes a new measuring method of unsaturated inductances of synchronous machine. The measurements can be carried out at standstill except for normal no-load saturation test and sustained three-phase short-circuit test. The theoretical formula for unsaturated inductances, which can be analyzed easily, are obtained by these standstill tests. The outline of measuring method is as follows.(1) The simultaneous equations concerning unsaturated inductances of direct-axis equivalent circuit are set up by determining coefficients from the results of following four tests and numerically solved. (a) No-load saturation test. (b) Sustained three-phase short-circuit test. (c) Alternating current excitation test to direct-axis with the field winding open-circuited. (d) Alternating current excitation test to direct-axis with the field winding short-circuited.(2) Unsaturated inductances of quadrature-axis equivalent circuit are obtained directly from the results of following two tests. (a) Quadrature-axis armature current decay test. (b) Alternating current excitation test to quadrature-axis.With the above-mentioned method, all unsaturated inductances concerning both direct- and quadrature-axis are obtained.
Immunological Assays used to Support Efficacy of Zika Virus Vaccines (2019)

In February of 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus (ZIKV) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This prompted a rapid response from both the private and public sector resulting in the generation of several promising vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss published scientific efforts associated with these novel vaccines, emphasizing the immunological assays used to evaluate their immunogenicity and efficacy, and support future licensure.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐Imidazo(4,5‐c)quinolin‐4‐amines: Novel Non‐Xanthine Adenosine Antagonists. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Attenuation-Based Quantitative Cement Bond Index with LWD Sonic: A Novel Approach Applicable to all Casing and Cement Cases (2014)

Abstract In recent years, there has been a strong interest in evaluating casing to cement bond with an LWD sonic tool. In 2013, we presented an amplitude-based approach, similar to what is used with wireline tools with its potential and limitations. During this study, extensive modeling was conducted and verified with real data sets to show that the amplitude of the signal propagating inside the tool collar can sometimes become larger than the signal traveling along the casing, which limits the applicability of the first-arrival amplitude for bonding evaluation in thin casings and heavy cements. From observations made during this investigation, it was noted that when the collar arrival was affecting the casing amplitude signal, the apparent attenuation rate obtained in these conditions anti-correlated with the attenuation measured by a wireline tool. This surprising observation triggered a review of the physics of sonic signal propagation in cased hole and the development of a new formulation of the bond index when an LWD tool is used for the measurement. This new approach uses the attenuation of the casing and tool collar signal along an array of receivers from an LWD sonic tool, which extends the quantitative cement evaluation to the full range of bond index in all types of casing and cements if the ambient noise level permits. This new methodology uses the knowledge of the propagation inside the tool collar, which is well characterized for new LWD tools. This different methodology does not require any tool calibration, mud attenuation compensation, or the presence of a free-pipe section for in-situ normalization of the measurements. It is therefore free of user interaction and can be implemented in the downhole tool processor for real-time answers while drilling the cement. This provides a very early knowledge of the casing-to-cement-bond integrity before drilling through the casing shoe, thereby reducing drilling risks. The approach was validated with real examples that showed how the new approach overcomes the limitations of the amplitude-based process formerly used.
<title>Development of a millimeter-wave sensor for environmental monitoring</title> (1995)

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) sensor in the frequency range of 225-315 GHz is being developed for continuous emission monitoring for airborne effluents from industrial sites with applicability to environmental compliance monitoring and process control. Detection of chemical species is based on measuring the molecular rotational energy transitions at mm- wave frequencies. The mm-wave technique offers better transmission properties than do optics in harsh industrial environemnts such as those with smoke, dust, aerosols, and steam, as well as in adverse atmospheric conditions. Laboratory million-meter with this technology. Proof of principle of the open-path system has been tested by releasing and detecting innocuous chemicals in the open air. The system uses a monostatic radar configuration with transmitter and receiver on one side of the plume to be measured an a corner cube on the other side. A wide-band swept-frequency mm-wave signal is transmitted through the plume, and the return signal from the corner cube is detected by a hot-electron-bolometer. Aborption spectra of the plume gases are measured by comparing the return signal processing technique based on deconvolution, we have shown a high specificity of detection for resolving individual chemicals from a mixture. This technology is applicable for real-time measurement of a suite of airborne gases and vapors emitted from vents and stacks of process industries. A prototype sensor is being developed for wide-area monitoring of industrial sites and in-place monitoring of stack gases.
Enhancing dynamic cloud-based services using network virtualization (2010)

It is envisaged that services and applications will migrate to a cloud-computing paradigm where thin-clients on user-devices access, over the network, applications hosted in data centers by application service providers. Examples are cloud-based gaming applications and cloud-supported virtual desktops. For good performance and efficiency, it is critical that these services are delivered from locations that are the best for the current (dynamically changing) set of users. To achieve this, we expect that services will be hosted on virtual machines in interconnected data centers and that these virtual machines will migrate dynamically to locations best-suited for the current user population. A basic network infrastructure need then is the ability to migrate virtual machines across multiple networks without losing service continuity. In this paper, we develop mechanisms to accomplish this using a network-virtualization architecture that relies on a set of distributed forwarding elements with centralized control (borrowing on several recent proposals in a similar vein). We describe a preliminary prototype system, built using Openflow components, that demonstrates the feasibility of this architecture in enabling seamless migration of virtual machines and in enhancing delivery of cloud-based services.
Phonon mediated lifetimes in intersubband terahertz lasers (2000)

We present a detailed study of the electron-LO phonon interaction in a triple quantum well structure, which acts as the active region in an intersubband terahertz emitter. The phonon modes of the heterostructure were calculated using a transfer matrix method within the framework of the dielectric continuum model. Unlike earlier calculations that approximate phonon emission rates using bulk-like phonon modes, we exploit the presence of specific interface and layer-confined phonon modes. The electronic levels are designed to be in resonance with one of the phonon modes for optimizing phonon-scattering rates and to enhance device performance. Our calculations indicate that it is beneficial to utilize the higher energy interface phonon modes rather than the confined phonon modes for faster depopulation in a three level lasing scheme. Scattering rates for two different designs were computed to establish the above result.
Controlling the Isolation and Pairing of Aluminum in Chabazite Zeolites Using Mixtures of Organic and Inorganic Structure-Directing Agents (2016)

Synthetic methods are reported to prepare chabazite (CHA) zeolites (SSZ-13) at fixed elemental composition but with different arrangements of their framework Al atoms (Al–O(−Si–O)x–Al) between paired (x = 1, 2) and isolated (x ≥ 3) configurations. SSZ-13 zeolites (Si/Al = 15–30) that crystallized in hydroxide media and in the presence of only N,N,N-trimethyl-1-admantylammonium cations (TMAda+) contained only isolated framework Al, evident in their inability to exchange divalent Cu2+ or Co2+ cations that titrate paired Al sites. Addition of Na+ to the zeolite crystallization medium, with total cationic charge ((Na+ + TMAda+)/Al) and other synthesis parameters held constant, crystallized SSZ-13 zeolites at a fixed Si/Al ratio but with paired Al densities that increased linearly with the Na+ content incorporated into the crystalline solids. Crystallization media containing equimolar amounts of Na+ and TMAda+, but varying Al content, crystallized SSZ-13 at different compositions (Si/Al = 5, 15, 25) with the paired Al density expected if Al atoms were distributed randomly subject to Löwenstein’s rule. The relative ratio of organic (TMAda+) and inorganic (Na+) cations in the crystallization medium, which determines its cationic charge density, systematically influences the arrangement of isolated and paired Al, which determines the anionic charge density in the zeolite framework. The synthetic strategy of using mixtures of organic and inorganic structure-directing agents extends concepts of charge density mismatch in zeolite crystallization, which have been exploited previously to discover routes to new framework topologies and compositions, to systematically control the atomic arrangement in a given zeolite at fixed composition and, in doing so, provide new methods to introduce structural and catalytic diversity.
Characterization of a variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type I isolated from a healthy member of a remote, recently contacted group in Papua New Guinea. (1991)

We report the characterization of a variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) isolated from an interleukin 2-dependent, CD8+ T-cell line derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy member of a remote, recently contacted hunter-horticulturalist group (Hagahai) in Madang province of Papua New Guinea. Antigenic characterization of this variant, designated PNG-1, by immunofluorescence, indicated no expression of gag-encoded proteins p19 and p24 (even after incubation with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine), using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against HTLV-I gag gene products. Virus-specific proteins of 15, 19, 46, 53, and 61/68 kDa were demonstrated by Western blot analysis, using sera from patients with serologically and/or virologically confirmed HTLV-I myeloneuropathy, sera from HTLV-I-infected rabbits, and antibodies prepared against the C terminus of the major envelope glycoprotein gp46. Restriction endonuclease maps of PNG-1 proviral DNA differed from that of a prototype strain of HTLV-I (MT-2), but, as verified by polymerase chain reaction, PNG-1 was definitely HTLV-I, not HTLV-II. Nucleotide sequencing and further molecular genetic studies of this variant may provide insights into the origin and evolution of HTLV-I.