gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Halftone Blending Between Smooth and Detail Screens to Improve Print Quality With Electrophotographic Printers (2015)

In this paper, we consider a dual-mode process for the electrophotographic laser printer--a low-frequency halftoning for smooth regions and a high-frequency halftoning for detail regions. These regions are described by an object map that is extracted from the page description language version of the document. This manner of switching screens depending on the local content provides a stable halftone without artifacts in smooth areas and preserves the detail rendering in detail or texture areas. However, when switching between halftones with two different frequencies, jaggies may occur along the boundaries between areas halftoned with low- and high-frequency screens. To reduce the jaggies, our screens obey a harmonic relationship. In addition, we implement a blending process based on a transition region. We propose a nonlinear blending process in which at each pixel, we choose the maximum of the two weighted halftones, where the weights vary according to the position in the transition region. Moreover, we describe an online tone-mapping for the boundary blending process, based on an offline calibration procedure that effectively assures the desired tone values within the transition region.
II-VI Blue-Green Diode Lasers (1992)

Injection lasing in the wide band gap II-VI semiconductors was achieved for the first time in our laboratory in April, 1991. 1 Since then considerable effort has been made toward understanding the properties of these laser diodes and constituent materials as well as making progress toward the development of viable devices. We have demonstrated room temperature, pulsed operation in devices with emission wavelengths from 508-535nm. More recently, we have achieved cw operation at 77K. In this paper we will describe the operating characteristics and fundamental parameters of our blue-green laser diodes.
Roadmap and standard operating procedures for biobanking and discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS (2012)

Despite major advances in deciphering the neuropathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), validated neurochemical biomarkers for monitoring disease activity, earlier diagnosis, defining prognosis and unlocking key pathophysiological pathways are lacking. Although several candidate biomarkers exist, translation into clinical application is hindered by small sample numbers, especially longitudinal, for independent verification. This review considers the potential routes to the discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS, and provides a consensus statement on standard operating procedures that will facilitate multicenter collaboration, validation and ultimately clinical translation.
TU‐C‐224A‐01: Fast Multifield Optimization of the Biological Effect in IMRT with Ion Beams (2006)

Purpose: To investigate a new technique for multifield optimization of the biological effect (relative biological effectiveness times dose) for intensity modulated radiotherapy with scanned ion beams and to compare this method to an existing planning system for ions. Method and Materials: Our approach is based on the mixed irradiation formalism of the linear‐quadratic model using dose averaged mean values of alpha and sqrt(beta). We employ a novel objective function to directly optimize the biological effect rather than the physical dose. It is based on constraints in biologically effective dose for targets and organs at risk in close analogy to inverse planning for photons. The required biological input data are reduced to a minimum and are completely independent from the optimization itself. They can be derived from any radiobiological model or even from directly measured data. The new optimization method is fully integrated into the inverse treatment planning tool KonRad. Results: Comparisons with the TRiP98 treatment planning code are shown for spread‐out Bragg peaks as well as for three‐dimensional treatment plans for carbon ions, where all fields are optimized separately. While the agreement between both planning systems is very good, the calculation time is substantially reduced in KonRad. By enabling the multifield optimization in KonRad, the quality of the treatment plans and the sparing of healthy tissues can be clearly improved, which is demonstrated on several examples. Depending on the number of beam spots used, typical optimization times are between 10 and 60 minutes. Conclusion: The proposed system offers complete and fast inverse treatment planning for ions. Simultaneous multifield optimization of the biological effect can considerably enhance the resulting plans since it makes the best use of all possible degrees of freedom. Conflict of Interest: Research sponsored by Siemens Medical Solutions corporation.
Metal Halide Arc Lamp for Spectroscopic Measurement (1988)

An arc discharge in metal halide vapor was investigated to use as an ultraviolet lamp for spectroscopic measurement. The arc tube of the lamp contains mercury, mercury iodide, tantalum, and xenon. The absolute spectral radiance of the new lamp was measured. The strong continuum emission was observed in the wavelength region between 220 and 450 nm. Several lines in this region are also strong as well as the continuum. Short term fluctuations were 0.2% when measured with a measurement system of 0.4-sec response time. The long term decay of the radiance was less than 52% in 2000-hr operation.These characteristics of the new lamp indicate that the lamp is applicable to the light source for spectroscopic measurement, especially for the fluorescent type detector of the liquid chromatography apparatus.
Distributed Cooperative Droop Control for Seamless Islanding of an Autonomous Microgrid (2018)

The droop control under peer-to-peer (P2P) control mode, which does not need communication exchange and modes transfer, is more widely adopted recently. Especially, the distributed secondary control based on fully decentralized primary droop control attracts more attentions and deserves further investigation. Hence, a new distributed cooperative droop control is proposed to realize seamless islanding and maintain stability of the autonomous microgrid (MG) using pinning consensus of multi-agent system (MAS) in this study, it converts the secondary control to a pinning-based distributed control instead of a centralized control, and the control processing can be transformed into keeping track of synchronization, so as to reach the expected consensus through pinning and recover the frequency to rated value with zero steady-state error. Multiple cases are carried on to demonstrate the applicability and availability of the proposed control scheme.
Ancillary Service to the Grid Through Control of Fans in Commercial Building HVAC Systems (2014)

The thermal storage potential in commercial buildings is an enormous resource for providing various ancillary services to the grid. In this paper, we show how fans in Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems of commercial buildings alone can provide substantial frequency regulation service, with little change in their indoor environments. A feedforward architecture is proposed to control the fan power consumption to track a regulation signal. The proposed control scheme is then tested through simulations based on a calibrated high fidelity non-linear model of a building. Model parameters are identified from data collected in Pugh Hall, a commercial building located on the University of Florida campus. For the HVAC system under consideration, numerical experiments demonstrate how up to 15% of the rated fan power can be deployed for regulation purpose while having little effect on the building indoor temperature. The regulation signal that can be successfully tracked is constrained in the frequency band [1/τ0,1/τ1], where τ0 ≈ 3 minutes and τ1 ≈ 8 seconds. Our results indicate that fans in existing commercial buildings in the U.S. can provide about 70% of the current national regulation reserve requirements in the aforementioned frequency band. A unique advantage of the proposed control scheme is that assessing the value of the ancillary service provided is trivial, which is in stark contrast to many demand-response programs.
Data Stream Processing Infrastructure for Intelligent Transport Systems (2007)

Intelligence Transportation Systems are critical to improve the efficiency of modern transportation. A system that is flexible and powerful enough to handle diverse demands from a large user base, is still elusive. Studies have shown that developing and integrating the various components constitute a significant portion of the capital cost and complexity of such systems. In this paper, we present a stream processing infrastructure we call System S. System S enables the deployment of large scale applications. It supports a mechanism for sharing data sources, software components, and even intermediate results allowing a reduction in the cost of software integration, and ownership. We experiment the stream processing infrastructure with a Fleet Management Center, and demonstrate how the infrastructure can be used to address unique issues in traffic management.
Training and search algorithms for an interactive wordspotting system (1992)

Algorithms for a speaker-dependent wordspotting system based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) are described. The system allows a user to specify keywords dynamically and to train the associated HMMs via a single repetition of a keyword. Nonkeyword speech is modeled using an HMM trained from a prerecorded sample of continuous speech. The wordspotter is intended for interactive applications, such as the editing of voice mail or mixed-media documents, and for keyword indexing in audio or video recordings. The forward-backward search algorithm used in the wordspotter is compared with the Viterbi decoder on the basis of speed and accuracy. In addition, an algorithm for speaker adaptation is described which allows indexing by a user into another talker's speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Further Investigations of Live Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Administered Parenterally (1979)

Further clinical tests were carried out of a live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine administered parenterally. Neutralization of respiratory syncytial virus by homologous human antibody was found to be a complement-dependent event and addition of guinea pig complement greatly increased antibody titers and the sensitivity of the test. Ninety-seven percent of 116 initially seronegative children developed antibody following vaccination and there was no evidence for contagious spread of the infection. Clinical reactions, if any, were mild and inconsequential. A small portion of initially seropositive persons appeared to develop antibody by booster effect and a portion of initially seronegative and seropositive persons developed detectable nasal antibody. Long-term follow-up failed to reveal any increase in severe respiratory disease in initially seronegative persons who were vaccinated. A very substantial reservoir of seronegative persons was found in the 7 to 47 month age group (35%) revealing a target population that could most benefit from being given the vaccine.
Time-resolved temperature measurements in a laboratory flame using the optoacoustic beam-deflection method (1985)

A method of obtaining time-resolved measurements of gas temperatures in a combustion environment is described. The noncontact optical laser-beam deflection technique utilizes rapid heating at a gas-solid interface as an acoustic source and is capable of acquiring localized temperature values at a repetition rate of >1 kHz. Measurements taken on a premixed propane-air laboratory flame show a 12.5-Hz thermal oscillation at the flame edge and no significant oscillation at the center.
Wideband group velocity independent coupling into slow light silicon photonic crystal waveguide (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate efficient optical coupling into a slow light photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) that is independent of the group velocity of the guided mode. With a group index taper to match the group velocity between a strip waveguide and a PCW, the optical coupling efficiency is nearly constant throughout the spectrum of the defect-mode, including the slow light region near the band edge. Compared to strip-PCW butt-coupling without a group index taper, our measurement results show a 20 dB enhancement in coupling efficiency with 5 dB less Fabry–Perot fluctuations. The measurements show excellent agreement with two-dimensional finite-difference time domain simulations.
Monitoring PVD metal vapors using laser absorption spectroscopy (1994)

Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) has been used by the Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) program for over 10 years to monitor the co-vaporization of uranium and iron in its separators. During that time, LAS has proven to be an accurate and reliable method to monitor both the density and composition of the vapor. It has distinct advantages over other rate monitors, in that it is completely non-obtrusive to the vaporization process and its accuracy is unaffected by the duration of the run. Additionally, the LAS diagnostic has been incorporated into a very successful process control system. LAS requires only a line of sight through the vacuum chamber, as all hardware is external to the vessel. The laser is swept in frequency through an absorption line of interest. In the process a baseline is established, and the line integrated density is determined from the absorption profile. The measurement requires no hardware calibration. Through a proper choice of the atomic transition, a wide range of elements and densities have been monitored (e.g. nickel, iron, cerium and gadolinium). A great deal of information about the vapor plume can be obtained from the measured absorption profiles. By monitoring different species at the same location, the composition of the vapor is measured in real time. By measuring the same density at different locations, the spatial profile of the vapor plume is determined. The shape of the absorption profile is used to obtain the flow speed of the vapor. Finally, all of the above information is used evaluate the total vaporization rate.
Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) using a streak camera (2003)

We report the development, calibration and biomedical application of a multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging system (FLIM) using a streak camera. The present system is versatile with high spatial (approximately 0.2 μm) and temporal (approximately 50 psec) resolution and allows rapid data acquisition and reliable and reproducible lifetime determinations. The system was calibrated with standard fluorescent dyes and the lifetime values obtained were in very good agreement with values reported in literature for these dyes. We also demonstrate the applicability of the system to FLIM studies in cellular specimens in the context of quantitative measurement of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Adaptive Hybrid Molecular Brushes Composed of Chitosan, Polylactide, and Poly(<i>N</i>-vinyl pyrrolidone) for Support and Guiding Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2020)

Hybrid molecular brushes (HMBs) are macromolecular constructs made up of a backbone polymer and side-chain polymers with distinct properties. They adapt to a changing microenvironment via the conformational mechanism and thus may affect mammalian cell proliferation. Two biobenign HMBs were synthesized in this work: (1) polylactide (PLA) grafted to the chitosan (CHI) backbone to form chitosan-<i>graft</i>-polylactide (CHI-<i>g</i>-PLA), a two-component molecular brush, and (2) poly(<i>N</i>-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PNVP) grafted to chitosan moieties of CHI-<i>g-</i>PLA to form a three-component HMB. The molecular brushes were used to fabricate polymer coatings and nanofibers, guiding the attachment and growth of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) while silencing the response of macrophages to the scaffolds. The exterior surface composition of the coatings can be switched by exposure to solvents of different polarities: hydrophilic PNVP chains upon exposure to water or hydrophobic PLA chains upon treatment by anisole. Our experiments demonstrate substantial improvement of the HDF cell attachment and proliferation on the surface of the HMBs as compared to the parent polymers CHI, PLA, and PNVP. A Sirius Red assay and immunofluorescence show that HMBs stimulate production of collagen by HDF cells, which propagate on the polymer substrates revealing well-developed focal adhesion structures. On the other hand, a low attachment of macrophages is observed on the HMB surfaces, in particular if HMBs are switched to the hydrophilic state, i.e., PNVP in the top strata.
Design of a Wide Angle Laser Assited Tomographic Atom Probe (2006)

A wide angle tomographic atom probe has been designed in which the field evaporation of atoms is assisted by subpicosecond laser pulses. It has been shown that the field evaporation is due to the generation of a THz pulse due to the rectification of the optical field at the specimen surface. The very short duration of the pulsed field (a few hundred fs) offers several advantages as compared to conventional pulsing method. First, it makes possible to bring intense electric field at the surface of resistive specimens opening the field of application of the atom probe tomography to new materials such as oxydes or semiconductors. Second, a high mass resolution can be achieved in a straight type configuration allowing to fully open the field of view in order to collect the whole amount of data available from field emitter specimens. Third, because the pulse duration is below the phonon vibration time, no cycling stress in applied on the specimen during the analysis. As a result, very fragile materials can be investigated by APT. In addition, this makes possible to investigate materials at very low temperature making the spatial resolution better. In this contribution, the design of the LaWaTAP will be presented and the performance of the instrument discussed through some applications to metals, oxydes and semiconductors
Imaging of human bradykinin B1 receptor expression: Impact of in vivo metabolic stability on tumor visualization (2014)

1173 Objectives The Bradykinin (BK) B1 receptor (hB1R) is upregulated in various cancers. BK is mainly metabolized by angiotensin coverting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). We evaluated tumor uptake with 68Ga-DOTA-Ahx-Lys-[Leu8,desArg9]BK (P03083), a radioligand based on natural BK sequence, with/without peptidase inhibition, compared to 68Ga-DOTA-Ahx-Lys-[Hyp3,Cha5,Leu8,desArg9]BK (SH01078), a peptide designed to improve metabolic stability. Methods Peptides were synthesized in-house, with Hyp3 and Cha5 substitutions for SH01078 to improve in vivo stability. Binding affinity (Ki) was measured by competitive binding assays using CHO:hB1R membrane. 68Ga labelling was performed in NaOAc buffer (pH 4.1) with microwave heating for 1 min. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in NSG mice bearing wild-type HEK293T (WT) and transfected HEK293T:hB1R (T) tumors. Results P03083 and SH01078 bound hB1R with high affinity, with Ki values of 2.6 ± 7.2 nM, and 27.8 ± 4.9 nM. Both [68Ga] compounds were obtained in high radiochemical yield (>70%) and purity (>99%). PET imaging and biodistribution studies showed essentially pure renal elimination of the radiotracers. Relatively low receptor-mediated uptake was observed with the natural sequence (average uptake ratios of HEK293T:hB1R to HEK293T tumor (T/WT), blood (T/B) and muscle (T/M) at 1h p.i. of 4, 10.4, 8.2 for [68Ga]P03083), while excellent tumor visualization was achieved with the [68Ga]SH01078 analog (6.8, 20.6, 11.2). Pretreatment with NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon significantly improved tumor uptake of [68Ga]P03083 (contrast ratios of 10.4, 38, 36.4), while ACE inhibitor enalaprilat was ineffective. Conclusions The metabolic stability of hB1R targeting peptides is critical for their ability to visualize hB1R overexpressing tissues. Peptidase inhibition with phosphoramidon but not enalaprilat was effective in improving tumor uptake. Substituting unnatural amino acids at key peptidase cleavage sites was also effective to improve tumor visualization.
Characterization of microsatellite markers in eastern white pine (1996)

An enrichment cloning method was evaluated for the isolation of microsatellite loci from eastern white pine and the resulting markers were examined for polymorphisms. A 200-fold enrichment was achieved for highly abundant (AC)n repeats, but for much less abundant (ACAG)n repeats an enrichment of only 20-fold was obtained. Using a single set of PCR conditions, 19 microsatellite loci were identified from 77 primer pairs evaluated. Genotyping of 16 (AC)n loci in 16 unrelated white pines from the north-central United States revealed an average of 5.4 alleles per locus and an average observed heterozygosity of 0.515. Five loci were scored among megagametophytes from a single pine to obtain a haploid genotype of the segregating female meiotic products. All loci segregated according to Mendelian expectations and linkage was established for two of the loci. It was concluded that (AC)n loci are highly variable in this species and that SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers can be efficiently developed for genome mapping and population genetics studies.
Stabilization Effects of Cu-ion Plating on Nb3Al Multifilamentary Wire Made Using the RHQT Process. (1999)

Nb3Al multifilamentary wire made by a rapid heating, quenching and transforming (RHQT) process shows not only 3-5 times higher Jc (4.2K), but also much lower strain sensitivity of superconductivity than that of commercialized (Nb, Ti)3Sn multifilamentary wire, and is therefore one of the most promising candidates as a next-generation superconductor. However, the Cu stabilization process is an unsolved key technology required to commercialize the RHQT-processed Nb3Al conductor. Because the RHQT process includes heat treatment at about 2, 000°C, which is much higher than the melting point of pure Cu, we must cover the Nb3Al wire with a Cu stabilizer after quenching. A stable Nb oxide layer is formed on the surface of the Nb3Al wire and prevents electrical and thermal conductivities between the Cu stabilizer and Nb3Al wire. We found that a 1μm thick Cu-ion plating on the Nb3Al wire removes the Nb oxide layer effectively. The Nb3Al wire, Cu-plated electrically with several tens of micrometers in thickness after being Cu-ion plated, shows improved Jc in lower fields and an increase in recovery current, which indicates the improved stability of the Nb3Al wire.
Distributed Data Federation without Disclosure of User Existence (2012)

Service providers collect user’s personal information relevant to their businesses. Personal information stored by different service providers is expected to be combined to make new services. However, specific user records risk being identified from the combined personal information, and the user’s sensitive information may be revealed. Also, personal information collected by a service provider must not be disclosed to other service providers because of security issues. Thus, several researchers have been investigating distributed anonymization protocols, which combine the personal information stored by the providers and sanitize it to ensure an anonymity policy with minimum disclosure. However, when providers have different sets of the users, there is a problem that the existence of users in either service provider may be revealed. This paper introduces a new notion, δ-max-site-presence, which indicates the probability of the existence of users being revealed in a distributed environment and a new distributed anonymization protocol for hiding the existence of users. Our evaluation results show that the proposed protocol can anonymize users in accordance with the policy of hiding their existence and user anonymity without too much information loss.