gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Biocompatible Fluorescent Ink Based on Water‐Soluble Luminescent Carbon Nanodots (2012)

C-dots on hand: Luminescent carbon nanodots were synthesized and were shown to be biocompatible, have low toxicity, and distinctive photoluminescence properties. These C-dots are inexpensive to synthesize and could potentially be used for versatile applications, such as anticounterfeiting, information encryption, and information storage. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
빈집의 물리적 실태와 위해성 수준에 따른 빈집 유형 분류 (2017)

최근 빈집 수가 크게 증가하면서 빈집 문제가 사회적 이슈로 부각되고 있으나, 우리나라의 경우 빈집 실태조차 정확하게 파악하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 빈집의 총량을 파악하는 방법을 제시하고 빈집의 물리적 실태와 빈집의 위해성 수준을 고려하여 빈집을 유형으로 분류하는데 목적을 두었다. 빈집의 유형을 분류하기 위한 과정을 3단계로 구축하여 각 단계별로 필요한 자료와 방법들을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 현장조사를 통해서만 분류 가능한 일반 빈집, 불량 빈집, 철거대상 빈집뿐만 아니라 미분양·미입주 등에 의한 일시적 빈집과 현 주택 상태가 노후불량하여 빈집으로 전환될 가능성이 높은 잠재적 빈집도 빈집 유형으로 분류하였다. 본 연구는 향후 지자체 차원에서 빈집 문제를 해결하는데 있어 우선적으로 필요한 빈집 총량과 빈집의 유형 분류에 대한 정보를 실제로 어떻게 구축하여 활용하여야 하는 가에 대한 가이드라인과 정책적 시사점을 제공하였다.
Cholesterol Crystals Causing Falsely Elevated Automated Cell Count (2006)

This is a report of 3 cases of body fluid containing numerous cholesterol crystals that caused falsely elevated cell counts on an automated cell counter. Two of the cases were pleural effusion fluid from patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Fluid in the third case was from upper extremity cystic lesions of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Microscopic examination revealed abundant cholesterol crystals in all fluid samples. In all 3 cases, initially, the automated cell counter reported very elevated WBC and RBC counts that were much higher than those from the manual count. This interference by cholesterol in the automated cell counter is discussed. In addition, possible pathophysiology of cholesterol formation in the body fluid is discussed and chylous and pseudochylous (chyliform) effusions are reviewed. Finally, the use of automated instruments in the evaluation of body fluid is reviewed.
Microphthalmia Transcription Factor in the Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Metastatic Melanoma (2001)

The diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM) may be difficult in surgical pathology, often complicated by the unpredictable spread of this tumor and its great variability on histologic evaluation. Traditionally used immunohistochemical markers on melanomas are insufficient because of either a relative lack of specificity (S100 protein) or variably reported sensitivity (HMB45). Information about some newer markers, such as tyrosinase (TYR) and Melan A, is more limited. Recently, based on the study of a small number of tumors, it was suggested that microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is 100% sensitive in the identification of metastatic melanoma. In the current study, we compared the diagnostic usefulness of MITF with that of four other markers in 266 cases of conventional metastatic melanomas from different sites, 33 cases of desmoplastic melanomas, and 1 case of melanoma with rhabdoid features. The specificity of MITF was evaluated by using a representative sample of control tumors. Microphthalmia transcription factor with nuclear positivity was seen in 235 of 266 cases of conventional MMM (88%), usually in more than 30% of tumor cells. However, some melanomas had only foci of MITF- and TYR-positive cells, whereas the majority of cells were generally S100 protein-positive. Only 1 of 30 desmoplastic melanomas (3%) had MITF-positive cells, representing epithelioid foci resembling conventional melanoma. Two cases had TYR in a similar pattern; all were HMB45-negative. One metastatic melanoma with rhabdoid features was negative for MITF and other markers except the S100 protein. Half of the S100 protein negative conventional melanomas (6 of 12) were MITF-positive, whereas 4 of 20 (20%) TYR-negative tumors had reactivity for MITF. The percentages of positive cases of MMM (10% or more tumor cells positive) diagnosed with the four other markers in descending order were 90% (S100 protein and TYR), 78% (melan-A), and 66% (HMB45). Microphthalmia transcription factor appeared to be specific, because significant reactivity was not found in 112 carcinomas, 20 lymphomas, 20 angiosarcomas, 20 fibrous histiocytomas, and 20 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. However, positive nuclei were found focally among reactive histiocytes, especially in osteoclasts, epithelioid histiocytes, and sporadic other histiocytes. Microphthalmia transcription factor may be a valuable addition to the marker panel used in diagnosing melanoma, in combination with S100, TYR, and the other markers, but it is not present in cases of desmoplastic melanomas.
Low-Temperature Ionothermal Synthesis of Li-Ion Conductive Li<sub>4</sub>B<sub>7</sub>O<sub>12</sub>Cl Solid-State Electrolyte (2019)

Li-ion conductive polycrystalline Li4B7O12Cl to be used as a solid-state electrolyte was successfully synthesized by an ionothermal route at a low temperature. The reaction of lithium acetate dihydrate, boric acid, and copper(II) chloride dihydrate in trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride at 130 °C led to single-phase Li4B7O12Cl within 10 h. Li4B7O12Br was also successfully synthesized in a similar way. The ionic conductivity, activation energy, and electrochemical window of Li4B7O12Cl electrolyte were measured. A relatively high ionic conductivity of 3 × 10–4 S cm–1 at room temperature was detected. A linear sweep voltammogram of the Li4B7O12Cl electrolyte exhibited an electrochemical stability of up to 4.3 V vs. Li/Li+ under the measured conditions. The fabricated {Li ∥ Li4B7O12Cl ∥ Li} symmetrical cell exhibits a relatively low voltage hysteresis of 120 mV for 60 cycles.
Exploiting instruction-level resource parallelism for transparent, integrated control-flow monitoring (2002)

Available resource-driven control-flow monitoring (ARC), a method for detecting transient errors by using idle resources in processor architectures that use increased degrees of instruction-level parallelism to achieve performance goals, is presented. The focus is on concurrent detection of control-flow errors (CFEs) in VLIW processors. Previous work is reviewed, and ARC monitoring is described as a monitoring computation (MC) that executes concurrently with and continuously monitors the execution of the application computation (AC). The algorithm that integrates the MC into the AC is presented. An analytical derivation of ARC's error coverage is given, and results of applying ARC to four benchmark programs on an actual VLIW processor are reported. Results show that for all the benchmarks, all of the additional operations required by ARC can make use of idle resources, achieving a detection coverage of >99% in all cases. The performance overhead of ARC is found to be negligible, even for programs with relatively few idle resources available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Constitutive and nitrogen‐regulated promoters of the <i>petH</i> gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP<sup>+</sup> reductase in the heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium <i>Anabaena</i> sp (1999)

Determination of the putative transcription start points of the petH gene encoding ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 and PCC 7120 showed that this gene is transcribed from two promoters, one constitutively used under different conditions of nitrogen nutrition and the other one used in cells subjected to nitrogen stepdown and in nitrogen-fixing filaments. The latter promoter, whose use was NtcA-dependent but HetR-independent, was functional in heterocysts. The N-control transcriptional regulator NtcA was observed to bind in vitro to this promoter. For the sake of comparison, the transcription start points of the nifHDK operon in strain PCC 7120 and binding of NtcA to the nifHDK promoter were also examined.
Detection rates of congenital heart disease in Guatemala (2010)

Abstract Objectives In developing countries, congenital heart disease is often unrecognised, leading to serious morbidity and mortality. Guatemala is one of the few developing countries where expert paediatric cardiac treatment is available and affordable, and therefore early detection could significantly improve outcome. We assessed regional congenital heart disease detection rates in Guatemala, and determined whether they correlated with the regional human development index. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all new cardiac referrals made in 2006 to the Unidad de Cirugia Cardiovascular Pediatrica, the only paediatric cardiac centre in Guatemala. We calculated regional detection rates by comparing the number of congenital heart disease referrals with the expected incidence using the National Ministry of Health birth data. We then compared the regional detection rates with the human development index data published in the United Nations 2006 Development Program Report using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results An estimated 3935 infants with cardiac defects were born in Guatemala in 2006, an expected 1380 (35%) of whom had severe forms. Overall, only 533 children (14%) with cardiac defects were referred. Of these, 62% had simple shunt lesions, 13% had cyanotic lesions, and 10% had left-sided obstructive lesions. Only 11.5% of referred patients were neonates. Regional detection rates, ranged 3.2–34%, correlated with the regional human development index (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Current detection of congenital heart disease in Guatemala is low and correlates with the regional human development index. Those detected are older and have less severe forms, suggesting a high mortality rate among Guatemalan neonates with complex cardiac defects.
Functional Reconstitution of Class II MHC-Restricted T Cell Immunity Mediated by Retroviral Transfer of the αβ TCR Complex (2000)

Transfer of the alphabeta TCR genes into T lymphocytes will provide a means to enhance Ag-specific immunity by increasing the frequency of tumor- or pathogen-specific T lymphocytes. We generated an efficient alphabeta TCR gene transfer system using two independent monocistronic retrovirus vectors harboring either of the class II MHC-restricted alpha or beta TCR genes specific for chicken OVA. The system enabled us to express the clonotypic TCR in 44% of the CD4+ T cells. The transduced cells showed a remarkable response to OVA323-339 peptide in the in vitro culture system, and the response to the Ag was comparable with those of the T lymphocytes derived from transgenic mice harboring OVA-specific TCR. Adoptive transfer of the TCR-transduced cells in mice induced the Ag-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity in response to OVA323-339 challenge. These results indicate that alphabeta TCR gene transfer into peripheral T lymphocytes can reconstitute Ag-specific immunity. We here propose that this method provides a basis for a new approach to manipulation of immune reactions and immunotherapy.
Signal cancellation phenomena in adaptive antennas: Causes and cures (1982)

Conventional adaptive beamformers utilizing some form of automatic minimization of mean square error exhibit signal cancellation phenomena when adapting rapidly. These effects result from adaptive interaction between signal and interference, when signal and interference are received simultaneously. Similar phenomena have been observed and analyzed in relatively simple adaptive noise cancelling systems. A study of these phenomena in the simpler systems is used to provide insight into similar behavior in adaptive antennas. A method for alleviating signal cancellation has been devised by Duvall, whereby the signal components are removed from the adaptive process, then reinserted to form the final system output. Widrow has devised a different solution to the problem: to move the receiving array spatially (or electronically) to modulate emanations received off the look direction, without distorting useful signals incident from the look direction. This approach is called "spatial dither" and introduces the additional possibility of modulating "smart" jammer signals, thereby limiting their effectiveness.
Hot electron effects and dynamic behavior of gold doped germanium thin films as cryogenic phonon sensors (1999)

As a part of continuing development of thin film Ge1−xAux thermistors for ultralow mass highly sensitive cryogenic phonon sensors, the ac responsivity and hot electron effects have been explored. Responsivity as high as 1.6 nV/eV was achieved at 20 mK. A derivation is presented for the power index β=6 for electron-phonon heat exchange in variable range hopping conductivity. Applying our previously developed optimization theory for bias-assisted tunneling, hot electron effects and bias-assisted tunneling were shown to account equally well for the nonlinear dc current–voltage characteristic. However, a model was developed for the thermal time constants of these devices which does predict a clear distinction between bias-assisted tunneling and the hot electron effects. Comparison of data with this model showed that bias-assisted tunneling rather than hot electron effects was the dominant finite-bias effect in the Ge1−xAux thin films.
Experimental demonstration of timing jitter reduction based on the temporal Talbot effect using LCFBGs (2008)

We demonstrate the timing-jitter reduction of repetition pulses by the temporal Talbot effect using linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings (LCFBGs). Experimental results agree with the simulation taking into account the group delay ripple of LCFBGs.
CEREBEL (EGF111438): A Phase III, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine Versus Trastuzumab Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2015)

CEREBEL is inconclusive for the primary end point, and no difference was detected between lapatinb-capecitabine and trastuzumab-capecitabine for the incidence of CNS metastases. A better outcome was observed with trastuzumab-capecitabine in the overall population. However, lapatinib-capecitabine efficacy may have been affected by previous exposure to a trastuzumab regimen and/or when treatment was given as first- or second-line therapy in the metastatic setting.
How Does Objective Quality Affect Perceived Quality? Short-Term Effects, Long-Term Effects, and Asymmetries (2006)

We examine the relationship between objective and perceived quality for 241 products in 46 product categories over a period of 12 years. On average, we find that the effect of a change in objective quality is not fully reflected in customer perceptions of quality until after about six years. In the first year after a quality change, only about 20% of the total effect over time is realized. These effects are significantly larger and quicker for a decrease in quality relative to an equivalent increase. Interestingly, we also find that brand reputation has a “double” advantage. High-reputation brands are rewarded three years quicker for an increase in quality and punished one year slower for a decrease in quality compared to low-reputation brands. These differences in response time are a meaningful measure of brand equity. Finally, we examine the differences in quality effects across several product- and category-specific variables and discuss the implications of our findings.
Lead Structures for Applications in Photodynamic Therapy. 6. Temoporfin Anti-Inflammatory Conjugates to Target the Tumor Microenvironment for In Vitro PDT (2015)

Due to the ongoing development of clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT), the search continues for optimized photosensitizers that can overcome some of the side effects associated with this type of treatment modality. The main protagonists being: post-treatment photosensitivity, due to only limited cellular selectivity and post-treatment tumor regrowth, due to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory agents within the tumor microenvironment. A photosensitizer that could overcome one or both of these drawbacks would be highly attractive to those engaged in clinical PDT. Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) when used in combination with PDT have shown to increase the cytotoxicity of the treatment modality by targeting the tumor microenvironment. Temoporfin (m-THPC), the gold standard chlorin-based photosensitizer (PS) since its discovery in the 1980's, has successfully been conjugated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds, in an attempt to address the issue of post-treatment tumor regrowth. Using a modified Steglich esterification reaction, a library of "iPorphyrins" was successfully synthesized and evaluated for their PDT efficacy.
Dual Stimuli-Responsive “Mushroom-like” Janus Polymer Particles as Particulate Surfactants (2010)

"Mushroom-like" Janus poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(styrene-2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDM) particles synthesized in our previous report were applied as particulate surfactants. The PDM moiety at the one side of the Janus particles reversibly exhibited the volume phase transition in response to pH and temperature in an aqueous medium; that is, the surface property of the Janus particles comprising both PDM and PMMA reversibly changed between amphiphilic and hydrophobic based on the nature of PDM. Consequently, 1-octanol-in-water emulsion droplets stabilized by the amphiphilic Janus particles coalesced in the alkaline region and at 60 degrees C around neutral pH because of desorption of the hydrophobized Janus particles from the interface to the oil phase.
Creation of a restrictive atrial communication in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): effective palliation of syncope and end‐stage heart failure (2018)

Atrial septostomy (AS) is recommended for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-associated right ventricular (RV) failure, recurrent syncope, or pulmonary hypertensive crisis (PHC). We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of AS to manage PAH from infancy to adulthood. From June 2009 to December 2016, transcatheter atrial communications were created in 11 PAH patients (4 girls/women; median age = 4.3 years; range = 33 days-26 years; median body weight = 14 kg; range = 3-71 kg; NYHA-/Ross class IV; n = 11). PAH was classified as idiopathic (n = 6) or secondary (n = 5). History of syncope was dominant (n = 6); two with patent foramen ovale (PFO) admitted with recurrent PHC, three patients required resuscitation before AS. Three patients had PAH-associated low cardiac output. The average pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP systolic/diastolic) were 101/50 (±34/23); the corresponding systemic arterial pressures (SAP) were 99/54 (±23/11); and the mean ratio of PAPd / SAPd was 0.97 (±0.4). Percutaneous trans-septal puncture was uneventfully performed in nine patients; a PFO was dilated in two patients. There was no procedure-related mortality. The median balloon size was 10 mm (range = 6-14 mm); the mean catheter time was 174.6 ± 48 min; fluoroscopy time was 19.8 (±11) min. Syncope and PHC were successfully treated in all patients. The mean arterial oxygen saturation decreased from 97 ± 2 to 89 ± 11.7. One patient died awaiting lung transplantation, one continues to be listed; two patients received a reverse Potts-shunt, one patient died during follow-up; seven patients are stable with PAH-specific treatment. Percutaneous AS is an effective method palliating PAH-associated syncope, PHCs or right (bi-) ventricular heart failure.
Deep neural network based malware detection using two dimensional binary program features (2015)

In this paper we introduce a deep neural network based malware detection system that Invincea has developed, which achieves a usable detection rate at an extremely low false positive rate and scales to real world training example volumes on commodity hardware. We show that our system achieves a 95% detection rate at 0.1% false positive rate (FPR), based on more than 400,000 software binaries sourced directly from our customers and internal malware databases. In addition, we describe a non-parametric method for adjusting the classifier's scores to better represent expected precision in the deployment environment. Our results demonstrate that it is now feasible to quickly train and deploy a low resource, highly accurate machine learning classification model, with false positive rates that approach traditional labor intensive expert rule based malware detection, while also detecting previously unseen malware missed by these traditional approaches. Since machine learning models tend to improve with larger datasizes, we foresee deep neural network classification models gaining in importance as part of a layered network defense strategy in coming years.
<b>Disruption of chloroplast biogenesis and plant development upon down‐regulation of a chloroplast processing enzyme involved in the import pathway</b> (1998)

Summary Typically, nuclear‐encoded chloroplast proteins are synthesized as precursors and require proteolytic processing upon import before their assembly into functional complexes within the organelle. A cDNA encoding a chloroplast processing enzyme (CPE), which was originally identified as a protease that cleaves the precursor for the major light‐harvesting chlorophyll binding protein (preLHCP), was introduced into the tobacco genome in an antisense orientation to investigate the role of the enzyme in vivo . The presence of the antisense‐CPE gene resulted in chlorotic leaves, and retarded shoot and root growth. The introduction of the antisense‐CPE gene disrupted the normal pattern of plastid division. Chloroplast numbers in cotyledon and first leaf cells were reduced 25% compared to the control plants. Chloroplasts contained fewer thylakoids and large starch grains, the latter an indication of a change in carbon flux. CPE levels and activity were significantly lower in stromal extracts in the transgenic plants. Interestingly, in vitro import of precursor proteins was defective. Most of the preLHCP remained on the exterior of the organelle, and only a small fraction of preRBCA was imported, suggesting that a change in CPE levels can influence translocation across the envelope. Our in vivo results support the conclusion that CPE plays a critical role during chloroplast biogenesis, and that the pleiotropic effects of CPE down‐regulation reflect its function as a general stromal processing peptidase as part of the import machinery. Furthermore, these findings indicate the importance of regulating the expression of components of the import machinery for normal plant development.
[DNAse II from phagocytes in the study of the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus]. (1986)

Activity of acid DNAase (DNAase II) was shown to decrease in neutrophils from peripheric blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as well as in macrophages of liver tissue from mice of the F1(NZB/w) strain during development of the lupus syndrome. Inhibition of the DNAase II activity in phagocytic cells might be among the reasons of accumulation of extracellular highly polymeric DNA in blood of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and to play a definite role in pathogenesis of the disease.