gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in myoblast transplantation: a potential treatment of dystrophies (2000)

Myoblast transplantation (MT) consists of injecting normal or genetically modified myogenic cells into muscles, where they are expected to fuse and form mature fibers. As an experimental approach to treat severe genetic muscle diseases, MT was tested in dystrophic patients at the beginning of the 1990s. Although these early clinical trials were unsuccessful, MT has progressed through the research on animal models. Many factors that may condition the success of MT were identified in the last years. The present review updates our knowledge on MT and describes the different problems that have limited its success. Factors that were first underestimated, like the specific immune response after MT, are presently well characterized. Destruction of the hybrid fibers by activated T-lymphocytes and production of antibodies against the transplanted myoblasts take place after MT and are responsible for the graft rejection. The choice of the immunosuppression seems to be very important, and FK506 is the best agent known to allow the best results after MT. Under FK506 immunosuppression, very efficient MT were obtained both in mice and monkeys. Moreover, in dystrophic mice it was demonstrated that MT ameliorates some phenotypical characteristics of the disease. The improvement of the survival of the transplanted cells and the increase of their migration into the injected tissue are presently under investigation. Some of the present research is directed also to bypass the immunosuppression by using the patient's own cells for MT. In this sense, efforts are conducted to introduce the normal gene into the patient's myoblasts before MT and to improve the ability of these cells to proliferate in vitro. Micros. Res. Tech. 48:213–222, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phase sensitive detection for mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope (1999)

We demonstrate a significant improvement in the performance of a mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope by using a lock-in amplifier. We show that the direct output of the lock-in amplifier has a desirable linear dependence on the rotation rate and is insensitive to the intensity difference between two pulses that causes phase error in the time interval measurement. Two orders of magnitude improvement is demonstrated in the long-term stability compared to that from previously reported time interval measurement.
Effects of residual surface nitrogen on the dielectric breakdown characteristics of regrown oxides (1993)

Effects of residual surface nitrogen, remaining on the Si surface after stripping off tunneling oxynitrides (N/sub 2/O-grown or NH/sub 3/-nitrided oxides), on the quality of the regrown gate oxides are studied. Residual surface nitrogen is observed to reduce the breakdown field and degrade the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics of the subsequently grown gate oxides. Results show that oxide regrowth in N/sub 2/O, rather than O/sub 2/, can significantly suppress these undesirable effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of an Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene Rubber Latex Using Wilkinson's Catalyst (2005)

Abstract Summary: Hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber is a high‐performance elastomer that has found important applications in the automobile industry and petroleum fields. A new catalytic process has been investigated for producing hydrogenated acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber by direct hydrogenation of the rubber in latex form using RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 as catalyst. The reactions were achieved without the addition of any organic solvents. This is the first time that the direct catalytic hydrogenation of an acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber latex has been successfully realized in the absence of any organic solvent with a conversion of higher than 95% without cross‐linking of the polymer. Effect of RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 /acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber ratio on hydrogenation. magnified image Effect of RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 /acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber ratio on hydrogenation.
Electrically Conductive Polyimide Films (1993)

Semiconducting surfaces of SnO2 formed by curing polyamic acids containing tin complexes. Polyimide films made semiconductive via incorporation of semiconductive surface layers of SnO2. If SnO2-surfaced polyimide film used as free-standing film, then semiconductive layer protected by top coat of polyimide, deposited as film from solution directly onto SnO2. Resultant films flexible and resistant to both weather and high temperature. Used on aircraft to provide resistance to lightning strikes, and in microelectronics and flexible circuitry.
A Natural-Sampling-Based SVM Scheme for Current Source Converter With Superior Low-Order Harmonics Performance (2015)

The device switching frequency of current source converters (CSCs) in high-power medium-voltage (MV) drive applications is normally around 500 Hz. Conventional space vector modulation (SVM) features fast dynamic response but its output contains low-order harmonics with high magnitudes. In this paper, a natural-sampling-based SVM (NS-SVM) scheme is proposed to substantially suppress the low-order harmonics in practical CSC-based drives. This study proposes an equivalent discretization of NS-SVM wherein natural sampling pulse width modulation performance can be achieved with regular sampling frequency (same as a conventional SVM) instead of a high or even infinite sampling frequency. Equations for natural-sampling-based dwell time calculations for each selected vector are developed. The corresponding simplified but precise enough equations are derived on the basis of the Newton-Raphson algorithm to achieve fast online digital implementation. The proposed NS-SVM features superior low-order harmonic performance and inherits the high dynamic response and low sampling frequency of conventional SVM. Simulations and experiments are provided to verify the proposed NS-SVM scheme.
Integrated Control and Fault Detection of Air-Handling Units (2009)

A new method for integrated control and fault detection of air-handling units (AHUs) is described in this paper. The method uses sensors commonly installed in AHUs and collects much of the key diagnostic information at times when steady-state conditions are imposed on the AHU by the sequencing logic, thereby eliminating the need for a steady-state detector. A model-based fault detection method processes these data and generates residual values that can be further processed to detect faults. For faulty operation, one or more of the residuals is expected to have a value that is significantly different from 0, the expected value for normal operation. In parallel to model-based residual generation, an algorithm calculates state-based performance indices of control loops for the processes used for sequential control of the AHU. The method was assessed through simulations of 16 faults, which consisted of temperature sensor offset faults, stuck and leaking damper faults, and stuck and leaking valve faults. With the exception of the return air temperature sensor offset faults, each fault impacted numerous residuals. In addition, two faults (stuck-closed recirculation air damper and heating coil valve stuck 10% open) caused control performance indices to saturate, which should not happen for a properly designed and operating system. The complementary aspect of the model-based residuals and state-based performance indices is described and illustrated with these faults.
New pediatric vision screener employing polarization-modulated, retinal-birefringence-scanning-based strabismus detection and bull’s eye focus detection with an improved target system: opto-mechanical design and operation (2014)

Amblyopia ("lazy eye") is a major public health problem, caused by misalignment of the eyes (strabismus) or defocus. If detected early in childhood, there is an excellent response to therapy, yet most children are detected too late to be treated effectively. Commercially available vision screening devices that test for amblyopia's primary causes can detect strabismus only indirectly and inaccurately via assessment of the positions of external light reflections from the cornea, but they cannot detect the anatomical feature of the eyes where fixation actually occurs (the fovea). Our laboratory has been developing technology to detect true foveal fixation, by exploiting the birefringence of the uniquely arranged Henle fibers delineating the fovea using retinal birefringence scanning (RBS), and we recently described a polarization-modulated approach to RBS that enables entirely direct and reliable detection of true foveal fixation, with greatly enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and essentially independent of corneal birefringence (a confounding variable with all polarization-sensitive ophthalmic technology). Here, we describe the design and operation of a new pediatric vision screener that employs polarization-modulated, RBS-based strabismus detection and bull's eye focus detection with an improved target system, and demonstrate the feasibility of this new approach.
Hybrid Ion Exchange Desalination (HIX-Desal) of Impaired Brackish Water Using Pressurized Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) as the Source of Energy and Regenerant (2018)

Reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are truly the only water desalination processes currently in practice for the entire range of total dissolved solids (TDS) from 400–40,000 mg/L. For high recovery of 80% or more, membrane processes are energy intensive even for a feedwater with a TDS of 1000 mg/L and demand significant pretreatment to avoid precipitation and consequent membrane fouling. In this study, we present for the first time a hybrid ion exchange desalination (HAIX-Desal) process that does not require any semipermeable membrane and can desalinate lean brackish water (TDS ≤ 1500 mg/L) using CO2 as the sole source of energy and chemical regenerant. A hybrid anion exchanger with dispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles (HAIX-NanoZr) and a shell–core weak-acid cation exchange (SC-WAC) resin form the heart of the process. Carbon dioxide or CO2 at 10 atm pressure is the only chemical needed to sustain the process. In contrast to a conventional deionization plant, the anion exchanger, i.e., HAIX-NanoZr, precedes the cation exchanger or SC-WAC to take advantage of the unique carbonate chemistry for desalination. CO2 serves concurrently as both an acid (i.e., H2CO3) and a base (HCO3–) for the HIX-Desal process. Municipal secondary wastewater (Bethlehem, PA) and synthetic brackish water were used in the experimental study to validate the basic premise of the process.
Memristor-based synapse design and training scheme for neuromorphic computing architecture (2012)

Memristors have been rediscovered recently and then gained increasing attentions. Their unique properties, such as high density, nonvolatility, and recording historic behavior of current (or voltage) profile, have inspired the creation of memristor-based neuromorphic computing architecture. Rather than the existing crossbar-based neuron network designs, we focus on memristor-based synapse and the corresponding training circuit to mimic the real biological system. In this paper, first, the basic synapse design is presented. On top of it, we will discuss the training sharing scheme and explore design implication on multi-synapse neuron system. Energy saving method such as self-training is also investigated.
Intracavity ultrasound diagnostic probe using fiber acoustic waveguides (1994)

First Page
Big File Protocol for OTN and Ethernet Transport Systems (2015)

Demand for high-bandwidth services is rapidly increasing, placing current network infrastructure under significant stress. Many interesting approaches have been studied in order to cope with this growth, but most require major redesigns of current network architectures as well as large-scale hardware redeployments. Recently, the Big File Protocol (BFP), a network protocol designed to efficiently handle large file transactions, was proposed to provide improvements over traditional IP protocols (TCP/UDP) in terms of bandwidth utilization and end-to-end delay. This paper presents an integration strategy for BFP within the currently deployed optical transport network (OTN) transport infrastructure relying as much as possible on current hardware and functions, thereby minimizing the deployment impact. Simulation results show capacity utilization improvement of more than 40% relative to TCP.
Minimal hierarchical collision detection (2002)

We present a novel bounding volume hierarchy that allows for extremely small data structure sizes while still performing collision detection as fast as other classical hierarchical algorithms in most cases. The hierarchical data structure is a variation of axis-aligned bounding box trees. In addition to being very memory efficient, it can be constructed efficiently and very fast.We also propose a criterion to be used during the construction of the BV hierarchies is more formally established than previous heuristics. The idea of the argument is general and can be applied to other bounding volume hierarchies as well. Furthermore, we describe a general optimization technique that can be applied to most hierarchical collision detection algorithms.Finally, we describe several box overlap tests that exploit the special features of our new BV hierarchy. These are compared experimentally among each other and with the DOP tree using a benchmark suite of real-world CAD data.
Data-driven algorithms for engine friction estimation (2007)

Errors in the estimation of friction torque in modern spark ignition automotive engines necessitate the development of real-time algorithms for adaptation of the friction torque. Friction torque in the engine control unit is presented as a look-up table with two input variables (the engine speed and indicated engine torque). The algorithms proposed in this paper estimate the engine friction torque via the crankshaft speed fluctuations at the fuel cut-off state and at idle. A computationally efficient filtering algorithm for reconstruction of the first harmonic of a periodic signal is used to recover an amplitude which corresponds to engine events from the noise-contaminated engine speed measurements at the fuel cut-off state. The values of the friction torque at the nodes of the look-up table are updated, when new measured data of the friction torque are available. New data-driven algorithms which are based on a stepwise regression method are developed for adaptation of look-up tables. The algorithms are verified by using a spark ignition six-cylinder prototype engine.
MERRA/AS: The MERRA Analytic Services Project Interim Report (2013)

MERRA AS is a cyberinfrastructure resource that will combine iRODS-based Climate Data Server (CDS) capabilities with Coudera MapReduce to serve MERRA analytic products, store the MERRA reanalysis data collection in an HDFS to enable parallel, high-performance, storage-side data reductions, manage storage-side driver, mapper, reducer code sets and realized objects for users, and provide a library of commonly used spatiotemporal operations that can be composed to enable higher-order analyses.
Phase change memory — opportunities and challenges (2007)

This paper reviews the current development status of Phase Change Memory (PCM) and discusses an advanced scaling demonstration of this technology. A prospective view of possible applications for PCM is also presented.
Magneto-optical recording on CoPtRe alloy films as a novel material (1999)

Magneto-optical (MO) disks using CoPtRe ternary alloy films have been investigated as a novel recording material for a blue laser recording. For various types of disk structure, the Kerr rotation, the Kerr ellipticity, and the figure of merit were calculated and an optimum structure was estimated. Magneto-optical recordings were made on a CoPtRe MO disk at wavelengths of 830 and 530 nm. The recording properties were almost equivalent to those for Co/Pt multilayers.
Restoring a clipped signal (1991)

The restoration of a band-limited signal which has undergone amplitude clipping is studied. This problem can be viewed as that of recovery from signal drop-outs (missing samples over an interval of time), with the extrapolated signal constrained to lie outside the clipping interval during the drop out. If the signal is oversampled, and the clipping threshold moderate, a unique reconstruction often results from application of signal matching and bandwidth constraints. More generally, however, candidate reconstructions are seen to lie on or inside a polyhedron in the space of sampled signals. In contrast to the case of extrapolation through missing samples, upper and lower limits typically can be placed on the reconstructed signal at every sample point. In light of this finding, methods for choosing a unique reconstruction are discussed. Finally, the case of noise is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Multi-Agent App oach to Suppo t Dynamic Scheduling Decisions (2002)

This work concerns the use of multi-agent system models as a paradigm to support dynamic scheduling decisions. A dynamic class of scheduling problems has been considered, and a just-in-time manufacturing production has been assumed. In particular, the problem ofscheduling independent jobs on identical parallel machines, tooptimise a non-regular objective, including both job earliness andtardiness penalties, has been faced. Different classes of agents compose the multi-agent scheduling system, and a schedule is progressively defined by a negotiation protocol among the agents associated with the jobs and the machines.
YUCCA6 over-expression demonstrates auxin function in delaying leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana (2011)

The Arabidopsis thaliana YUCCA family of flavin monooxygenase proteins catalyses a rate-limiting step in de novo auxin biosynthesis. A YUCCA6 activation mutant, yuc6-1D, has been shown to contain an elevated free IAA level and to display typical high-auxin phenotypes. It is reported here that Arabidopsis plants over-expressing YUCCA6, such as the yuc6-1D activation mutant and 35S:YUC6 transgenic plants, displayed dramatic longevity. In addition, plants over-expressing YUCCA6 exhibited classical, delayed dark-induced and hormone-induced senescence in assays using detached rosette leaves. However, plants over-expressing an allele of YUCCA6, that carries mutations in the NADPH cofactor binding site, exhibited neither delayed leaf senescence phenotypes nor phenotypes typical of auxin overproduction. When the level of free IAA was reduced in yuc6-1D by conjugation to lysine, yuc6-1D leaves senesced at a rate similar to the wild-type leaves. Dark-induced senescence in detached leaves was accompanied by a decrease in their free IAA content, by the reduced expression of auxin biosynthesis enzymes such as YUCCA1 and YUCCA6 that increase cellular free IAA levels, and by the increased expression of auxin-conjugating enzymes encoded by the GH3 genes that reduce the cellular free auxin levels. Reduced transcript abundances of SAG12, NAC1, and NAC6 during senescence in yuc6-1D compared with the wild type suggested that auxin delays senescence by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of senescence-associated genes.
Non-invasive determination of retinal temperature through stimulated laser speckle imaging (sLSI) (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Monitoring of the human retina temperature may be useful in the determination of its metabolic state, in the study of environmental damage, and for providing feedback during laser surgery. Due to its location the retina is inaccessible to contact temperature measurements and to standard thermal imaging. Here, we propose the use of a stimulated laser speckle imaging (sLSI) system to monitor thermal deformations in the retina and thus infer retina ground temperature. Our system utilizes laser speckle imaging in combination with a stimulating laser scanning system altering the speckle pattern. Measurements of time dependent speckle cross-correlation along with instantaneous and cumulative speckle shifts are related to the sample temperature. Temperature measurements of optical phantoms and biological media have been achieved and validated through thermocouple measurements of sample temperature.
Two‐Photon Excitation of Porphyrin‐Functionalized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy (2014)

Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) act as a sensitizer for the 2-photon excitation of a pendant porphyrin using NIR laser light, for imaging and photodynamic therapy. Mannose-functionalized pSiNPs can be vectorized to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through a mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism to provide a 3-fold enhancement of the 2-photon PDT effect.
All-polymer arrayed waveguide gratings (2003)

By choosing polymeric substrates with proper CTE values, athermal and polarization-insensitive arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) can be realized. It confirms that the all-polymer approach is a simple way for a realizing temperature and polarization independent waveguide device without sacrificing performance.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND NEUROLEPTIC ACTIVITY OF 3‐(1‐SUBSTITUTED‐4‐PIPERIDINYL)‐1,2‐BENZISOXAZOLES (1985)

Abstract Die nach zwei Methoden dargestellten Benzoylpiperidine (III) werden zu den Benzisoxazolen (VI) cyclisiert, aus denen wie angegeben die sekundären Amine (VII) entstehen.
Distributed ESD protection for high-speed integrated circuits (2000)

Conventional ESD guidelines dictate a large protection device close to the pad. The resulting capacitive load causes a severe impedance mismatch and bandwidth degradation. A distributed ESD protection scheme is proposed to enable a low-loss impedance-matched transition from the package to the chip. A simple resistive model adequately predicts the ESD behavior under stress according to the charged device and human body models. The large area of the distributed ESD scheme could limit its application to designs such as distributed amplifiers, rf transceivers, A/D converters, and serial links with only a few dedicated high-speed interfaces. The distributed ESD protection is compatible with high-speed layout guidelines, requiring only low-loss transmission lines in addition to a conventional ESD device.
YIG Film for a Magnetostatic Wave (MSW) Device with a Ultra-small Frequency Drift (1995)

A planar-type magnetostatic wave (MSW) device made from a YIG film having a weak frequency-temperature characteristics has a large possibility to be a counterpart of a YIG sphere device such as a microwave tunable oscillator. This paper aims at realizing such a temperature compensated YIG film. We searched film compositions both theoretically and experimentally. It was found that a Bi0.15Y2.85Fe4.34Ga0.66O12 film grown on a (111) GGG substrate with growth induced anisotropy constant (Kug) of 1.4×103J/m3, 4π Ms of 0.73×79.6kA/m, and ΔH of 1.5×79.6A/m at 9.2GHz shows an extremely small change of vertical resonance field versus temperature. That is within 3×79.6A/m between -33°C and 72°C at a constant frequency of 9.2GHz. An MSW resonator made from the Bi, Ga substituted YIG film also shows a high Q of 2, 000 at 3GHz and a Weak frequency change within 10MHz between 7°C and 74°C. The frequency drift versus temperature of the MSW resonator is less than that of a YIG shpere oscillator. Consequently, it is predicted that an MSW device made from the present material will replace the YIG sphere device.