gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Electronic Shift Registers (1990)

Molecular-scale shift registers eventually constructed as parts of high-density integrated memory circuits. In principle, variety of organic molecules makes possible large number of different configurations and modes of operation for such shift-register devices. Several classes of devices and implementations in some specific types of molecules proposed. All based on transfer of electrons or holes along chains of repeating molecular units.
The Mexican plant zoapatle (Montanoa tomentosa) in reproductive medicine. Past, present and future. (1981)

The Mexican plant zoapatle (Montanosa tomentosa) and its use as an herbal medicine is described and the research that has been conducted on the plant is reviewed. In addition possible future medical uses of the natural product or analogs derived from it are projected. The zoapatle plant a branch shrub about 1-3 meters high and with heart-or-arrow shaped leaves is still sold in the markets of Mexico City. Studies near the turn of the century trying to characterize the composition of the plant revealed the presence of potassium calcium magnesium iron and sodium salts among the inorganic portion. The organic materials included chlorophyll gum pectin neutral and acidic resins glucose a neutral substance with a bitter taste and alkaloids. There was considerable confusion about which of those substances might be responsible for the plants uterotonic or oxytocic effect. Studies conducted in the 1970s ultimately led to the isolation and identification of 2 chemically novel and biologically active oxepane diterpenoids zoapatanol and montanol. The process that led to successful isolation of these 2 diterpenes began with the centuries-old preparation of a tea by extracting zoapatle leaves with hot water for several hours. Following filtration through gauze the clear and dark tea was extracted with a series of solvents to afford the crude extract. Gas chromatographic analysis of the extract revealed that it was a multicomponent mixture. Gas chromatography of the semipurified extract indicated the presence of 3 materials (triplet) with the major component being zoapatanol. Although separation of this triplet material was difficult it was finally achieved by chromatography. In this manner small samples of both zoapatanol and montanol were obtained as oils. Except for decreased spontaneous activity no untoward side effects were observed with the various zoapatle preparations during any of the reproductive studies conducted. These observations were later confirmed when triplet material was administered orally to pregnant guinea pigs rats and mice. In early 1977 Gallegos and Cortes-Gallegos reported that the oral administration of concentrated tea made from zoapatle leaves to normal menstruating women in the luteal phase produced a luteolytic effect. More recently Landgren et al. reported that when a similar preparation was administered orally to women in the 6th to 7th week of pregnancy no luteolytic properties could be detected. The utility of zoapatanol or its analogs as a contragestational agent should be studied. Other areas of utility are its potential for uterine evacuation in cases of intrauterine death management of hydatidiform moles and control of postpartum hemorrhage resulting from uterine atrophy.
Reconstitution of G <sub>1</sub> Cyclin Ubiquitination with Complexes Containing SCF <sup>Grr1</sup> and Rbx1 (1999)

Control of cyclin levels is critical for proper cell cycle regulation. In yeast, the stability of the G1 cyclin Cln1 is controlled by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. Here it is shown that this reaction can be reconstituted in vitro with an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Phosphorylated Cln1 was ubiquitinated by SCF (Skp1-Cdc53-F-box protein) complexes containing the F-box protein Grr1, Rbx1, and the E2 Cdc34. Rbx1 promotes association of Cdc34 with Cdc53 and stimulates Cdc34 auto-ubiquitination in the context of Cdc53 or SCF complexes. Rbx1, which is also a component of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor complex, may define a previously unrecognized class of E3-associated proteins.
An Effective Authenticating Method On The Compressed Image Data (2006)

In this paper, we propose an effective watermarking method dedicated to authenticating the compressed image data. By exploiting the characteristics of JPEG compressed data, we compare the quantized with the non-quantized DCT coefficients for finding the embedding positions. A block-classification strategy is used for classifying 8x8 DCT blocks into key-blocks and flat-blocks in order to hide different watermarks into the positions mentioned above. Experimental results show that the efficacy of the proposed approach for JPEG images with about 75% to 90% compression ratio and the watermarked image still maintains a PSNR over 37dB, and only a slight overhead in bitstreams is introduced.
CW Raman laser (2005)

In the past, the production of a continuous wave (cw) Raman laser has been limited by the high pump powers needed for the process to proceed with a reasonable gain.
Molecular physiology of cardiac regeneration (2010)

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. This is partially attributed to the inability of cardiomyocytes to divide in a significant manner, and therefore the heart responds to injury through scar formation. One of the challenges of modern medicine is to develop novel therapeutic strategies to facilitate regeneration of cardiac muscle in the diseased heart. Numerous methods have been studied and a wide variety of cell types have been considered. To date, bone marrow stem cells, endogenous populations of cardiac stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells have been investigated for their ability to regenerate infarcted myocardium, although stem cell transplantation has produced ambiguous results in human clinical trials. Several studies support another approach that seems very appealing: enhancing the limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the heart. The recent advances in stem cell and regenerative biology are giving rise to the view that cardiac regeneration, although not quite ready for clinical treatment, may translate into therapeutic reality in the not too distant future.
Sonochemical Treatment of Fossil Fuels (1994)

Abstract A new method has been developed to recover upgraded lighter-hydrocarbon liquid oil from an asphaltene-containing oil material (tar sand, asphalt, heavy oil, shale oil, coal liquids, etc.). The process describes dispersing particles of the carbonaceous material in an aqueous solution containing an inorganic base (NaOH, Na2SiO3, etc.) and / or surfactant at ambient temperatures and pressures. With the aid of sonication energy, the inorganic base and / or surfactant will combine with the polar components of the fuel to speed the recovery of upgraded oil material. The reaction process essentially removes and / or converts the asphaltene fraction in the bituminous material to lighter fractions. The process is highly efficient, and the reaction time in minutes for the samples is examined. The reaction mechanisms are related to principles of sonochemistry as well as membrane mimetic chemistry.
An efficient high performance scalar multiplication method with resistance against timing attacks (2008)

This paper presents an efficient high performance elliptic curve scalar multiplication method with resistance against Timing Attacks. The main idea of the proposed method is to control the main scalar multiplication loop such that- either- a- single-point- addition' is- performed- or- a- number- of- consecutive point doublings that take the same time taken by a single point addition is- performed. The proposed method works with both binary-encoded as well as NAF-encodedprivate keys with NAF encoding yielding higher performance. It requires no extra fake computations and its time complexity is less than other recently reported countermeasures, especially when parallel multipliers are used.
Diversity of PspA: Mosaic Genes and Evidence for Past Recombination in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2000)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a serologically variable protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Twenty-four diverse alleles of the pspA gene were sequenced to investigate the genetic basis for serologic diversity and to evaluate the potential of diversity to have an impact on PspA's use in human vaccination. The 24 pspA gene sequences from unrelated strains revealed two major allelic types, termed "families," subdivided into clades. A highly mosaic gene structure was observed in which individual mosaic sequence blocks in PspAs diverged from each other by over 20% in many cases. This level of divergence exceeds that observed for blocks in the penicillin-binding proteins of S. pneumoniae or in many cross-species comparisons of gene loci. Conversely, because the mosaic pattern is so complex, each pair of pspA genes also has numerous shared blocks, but the position of conserved blocks differs from gene pair to gene pair. A central region of pspA, important for eliciting protective antibodies, was found in six clades, which each diverge from the other clades by >20%. Sequence relationships among the 24 alleles analyzed over three windows were discordant, indicating that intragenic recombination has occurred within this locus. The extensive recombination which generated the mosaic pattern seen in the pspA locus suggests that natural selection has operated in the history of this gene locus and underscores the likelihood that PspA may be important in the interaction between the pneumococcus and its human host.
Abstract 648: Visualizing the Genesis of Microcalcifications via Matrix Vesicle Aggregation: Novel Implications for Plaque Vulnerability (2014)

Background: Microcalcifications in the cap of vulnerable plaques contribute to plaque rupture. The mechanism by which microcalcifications form is poorly understood due to the inability to monitor initiating calcification events in vivo. We hypothesized that aggregation of cellular-derived matrix vesicles (MV) within atheroma lead to the formation of microcalcifications. Results: Transmission electron microscopy of ApoE-/- mouse plaques reveals MVs aggregating in regions of disrupted collagen (A). To image aggregation of calcifying MVs, we created a 3D collagen hydrogel system to simulate the atherosclerotic fibrous cap. Conditioned media from calcific human coronary artery smooth muscle cells was added to collagen hydrogels. Confocal microscopy reveals spherical microcalcifications (B, arrows) resembling those previously reported in human plaques. Super-resolution (< 200 nm) microscopy of the collagen hydrogels shows individual MVs aggregating (C, arrows) to form microcalcifications shown by a near-infrared calcium phosphate tracer (D). Scanning electron microscopy combined with x-ray spectroscopy confirms the presence of calcium phosphate mineral within MV aggregates (E, orange color). MV aggregation and calcification size is inversely related to the amount of collagen in our 3D model (p<0.05). Conclusion: To our knowledge, we are the first to directly visualize aggregation and calcification of MVs in real time. This approach presents a powerful tool to understand the genesis of microcalcifications from nucleating events. Aggregation of MVs within a thinning fibrous cap leads to the formation of microcalcifications, which further destabilize the cap.
Bifunctional Agents for Imaging and Therapy (2010)

Multiple, complementary techniques for tumor detection, including magnetic resonance, nuclear and optical imaging, are under active development; each approach has particular strengths and advantages. Efforts are also currently underway to develop bifunctional agents, so that a single molecule can be used for imaging, therapy, and monitoring the long-term tumor response. This chapter is mainly focused on illustrating the utility of certain tumor-avid photosensitizers in developing agents for tumor imaging [fluorescence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET)] and photodynamic therapy. Recent approaches for developing target-specific agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and in vivo tumor imaging are also briefly discussed.
Wide-field retinal hemodynamic imaging with the tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2004)

Real time, high-speed image stabilization with a retinal tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) enables new approaches to established diagnostics. Large frequency range (DC to 19 kHz), wide-field (40-deg) stabilized Doppler flowmetry imaging was demonstrated in initial human subject tests. The fundus imaging method is a quasi-confocal line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO). The retinal tracking system uses a confocal reflectometer with a closed loop optical servo system to lock onto features in the ocular fundus and automatically re-lock after blinks. By performing a slow scan with the laser line imager, frequency-resolved retinal perfusion and vascular flow images were obtained free of eye motion artifacts. Normal adult subjects and patients were tested with and without mydriasis to characterize flow imaging performance.
Observation of a new high-temperature transition in polytetrafluoroethylene (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of a new high-temperature transition in polytetrafluoroethyleneYash P. Khanna, Georgette Chomyn, Rakesh Kumar, N. Sanjeeva Murthy, Kennedy P. O'Brien, and Annemarie C. ReimschuesselCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 9, 2488–2494Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00211a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00211a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Noonan syndrome-associated SHP2/PTPN11 mutants cause EGF-dependent prolonged GAB1 binding and sustained ERK2/MAPK1 activation (2004)

Noonan syndrome is a developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, short stature, cardiac defects, and skeletal anomalies, which can be caused by missense PTPN11 mutations. PTPN11 encodes Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2 or SHP-2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase that acts in signal transduction downstream to growth factor, hormone, and cytokine receptors. We compared the functional effects of three Noonan syndrome-causative PTPN11 mutations on SHP2's phosphatase activity, interaction with a binding partner, and signal transduction. All SHP2 mutants had significantly increased basal phosphatase activity compared to wild type, but that activity varied significantly between mutants and was further increased after epidermal growth factor stimulation. Cells expressing SHP2 mutants had prolonged extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation, which was ligand-dependent. Binding of SHP2 mutants to Grb2-associated binder-1 was increased and sustained, and tyrosine phosphorylation of both proteins was prolonged. Coexpression of Grb2-associated binder-1-FF, which lacks SHP2 binding motifs, blocked the epidermal growth factor-mediated increase in SHP2's phosphatase activity and resulted in a dramatic reduction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation. Taken together, these results document that Noonan syndrome-associated PTPN11 mutations increase SHP2's basal phosphatase activity, with greater activation when residues directly involved in binding at the interface between the N-terminal Src homology 2 and protein tyrosine phosphatase domains are altered. The SHP2 mutants prolonged signal flux through the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK2/MAPK1) pathway in a ligand-dependent manner that required docking through Grb2-associated binder-1 (GAB1), leading to increased cell proliferation.
Machine Learning of 12-Lead QRS Waveforms to Identify Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Patients With Differential Outcomes (2020)

Unsupervised machine learning of ECG waveforms identified CRT subgroups with relevance beyond LBBB and QRSd. This method may assist in objective classification of bundle branch block morphology in CRT.
Comparison of <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> Recombinant Proteins for Serologic Diagnosis of Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis (1999)

Diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME) generally depends on serology that detects the antibody response to immunodominant proteins of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Protein immunoblotting was used to evaluate the reaction of the antibodies in patients' sera with the recombinant E. chaffeensis 120- and 28-kDa proteins as well as the 106- and the 37-kDa proteins. The cloning of the genes encoding the latter two proteins is described in this report. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the 106-kDa protein is located at the surfaces of ehrlichiae and on the intramorular fibrillar structures associated with E. chaffeensis. The 37-kDa protein is homologous to the iron-binding protein of gram-negative bacteria. Forty-two serum samples from patients who were suspected to have HME were tested by immunofluorescence (IFA) using E. chaffeensis antigen and by protein immunoblotting using recombinant E. chaffeensis proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Thirty-two serum samples contained IFA antibodies at a titer of 1:64 or greater. The correlation of IFA and recombinant protein immunoblotting was 100% for the 120-kDa protein, 41% for the 28-kDa protein, 9.4% for the 106-kDa protein, and 0% for the 37-kDa protein. None of the recombinant antigens yielded false-positive results. All the sera reactive with the recombinant 28- or the 106-kDa proteins also reacted with the recombinant 120-kDa protein.
A spread spectrum technique for high capacity mobile communications (1977)

A spread spectrum technique for cellular mobile communication systems is proposed and the results of an analytical study of this technique are summarized. It is found that degradation due to rapid fading is substantially reduced and that, with adequate power control, the user density in a high-quality small cell system may be significantly greater than with conventional FH systems. Furthermore, unique addresses may be permanently assigned to each user and no channel switching is required as the user moves from cell to cell.
<title>Fabrication of polygon mirror microscanner by surface micromachining</title> (1994)

This paper describes the fabrication process and preliminary experimental results of a polygon mirror microscanner. The fabrication process is established by the integration of polysilicon surface micromachining and electroless plating of nickel. The scanner structures studied are similar to conventional mechanical polygon mirror scanners but utilize micromotors with diameters up to one millimeter. The micromotors are fabricated by polysilicon surface micromachining. The optical elements are hexagonal nickel reflectors up to 20 micrometers tall fabricated by selective electroless plating of nickel on the rotor of the micromotor. Successful fabrication of the micromotors with nickel reflectors on the motor has been demonstrated. Optical measurements have been performed at visible wavelength (633 nm) using multi-mode optical fibers for the source illumination positioned roughly in the plane of the substrate. The scanned, reflected radiation was detected via scattering from the substrate and by a television camera in the plane of the substrate.
Allene Functionalization via Bicyclic Methylene Aziridines (2011)

The oxidative functionalization of olefins is a common method for the formation of vicinal carbon-heteroatom bonds. However, oxidative methods to transform allenes into synthetic motifs containing three contiguous carbon-heteroatom bonds are much less developed. This paper describes the use of bicyclic methylene aziridines (MAs), prepared via intramolecular allene aziridination, as scaffolds for functionalization of all three allene carbons.
Recovering Handset Diversity and MIMO Capacity With Polarization-Agile Antennas (2007)

Design guidance is provided for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems on handsets-a strong prospect for next generation wireless devices. Handheld wireless devices are likely to be rotated out of their optimal polarization, thereby experiencing significant power losses. An existing polarization-agile antenna design and a novel four-spoke extension recover significant fractions of the rotation-induced losses both in switched-antenna diversity and capacity calculations-all but 1 dB of diversity gains at a 99% system reliability, half of the losses or 80% of the losses. These gains benefit four- and ten-element arrays and remain significant in the presence of 6 dB cross coupling and in volume-restricted arrays. Diversity order investigations also demonstrate a new, non-Rayleigh locus of curves describing patch antennas subject to rotation.
Electrically controlled lens and prism using nanoscale polymer-dispersed and polymer-networked liquid crystals (2004)

Inhomogeneous nanoscale polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) devices having gradient nanoscale droplet distribution were fabricated. This gradient refractive index nanoscale (GRIN) PDLC film was obtained by exposing the LC/ monomer with a uniform ultraviolet (UV) light through a patterned photomask. The monomer and LC were mixed at 70: 30 wt% ratio. The area exposed to a weaker UV intensity would produce a larger droplet size, and vice versa. Owing to the nanoscale LC droplets involved, the GRIN PDLC devices are highly transparent in the whole visible region. The gradient refractive index profile can be used as switchable prism gratings, Fresnel lens, and positive and negative lenses with tunable focal lengths. Such a GRIN PDLC device is a broadband device and independent of light polarization. The diffraction efficiency of the lens is controllable by the applied voltage. The major advantages of the GRIN PDLC devices are in simple fabrication process, polarization-independent, and fast switching speed, although the required driving voltage is higher than 100 V<sub>rms</sub>. To lower the driving voltage, the technique of polymer-networked liquid crystal (PNLC) has been developed. The PNLC was also produced by exposing the LC/monomer mixture with a uniform UV light through a patterned photomask. However, the monomer concentration in PNLC is only around 2-5 wt%. The formed PNLC structure exhibits a gradient polymer network distribution. The LC in the regions stabilized by a higher polymer concentration exhibits a higher threshold voltage. By using this technique, prism grating, tunable electronic lens and Fresnel lens have been demonstrated. The driving voltage is around 10 V<sub>rms</sub>. A drawback of this kind of device is polarization dependence. To overcome the polarization dependence, stacking two orthogonal homogeneous PNLC lens is considered.