gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Needlecaps to Prevent Needlestick Injuries (1985)

Hospital employees are at risk for numerous possible complications of accidental needlesticks. The mechanisms of such accidents suggest that many are preventable. This article presents a simple but novel revision of the needlecap which facilitates resheathing of a used needle. With routine use the hospital environment could be made safer for virtually all employees at almost no additional cost. Ultimate hospital savings could be significant through prevention of injury.
Possibility of VOx/SiO2 Complexes Speciation: Comparative Multi-wavelength Raman and DR UV-vis Study (2013)

Raman spectroscopy is one of the very often used spectroscopic methods for characterization of vanadium surface species. However, Raman spectra of VOx-silica systems are more complex and interpretation is more difficult in comparison with other supports (like Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2 or Nb2O5) because there is strong vibrational coupling between the vanadia species and the silica support. Therefore, assignment and interpretation of some vibrational bands is still subject of controversy. This fact results in incongruity of suggested molecular structure and population of individual vanadium surface complexes. In this contribution, we present systematic comparative study of diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra and Raman spectra excited by 325 and 514.5 nm lasers obtained on set of dehydrated vanadium modifed hexagonal mesoporous silica (VOx-HMS) samples with vanadium loading from 2 up to 12 wt. %. We prove that changes in population of oligomeric and monomeric VOx species in individual samples are not manifested by significant changes in the character of Raman signals. On the other hand it is evident that with increasing of vanadium loadings the UV-vis spectra show systematic changes. Raman spectroscopy is useful characterization technique for detection presence of very small amount of V2O5 microcrystallites, especially if suitable wavelength of laser is used for remarkable resonant enhancement of Raman intensity of its bands (e.g. 514.5 nm).
Novel halogenated imidazoles. Chloroimidazoles (1967)

Abstract With one exception chloroimidazoles containing an unalkylated ring nitrogen have been ignored. Procedures are described using hypochlorite solution that permit the synthesis of 4,5‐dichloroimidazole and 2,4,5‐trichloroimidazole. Various bromoimidazoles are also converted to chloroimidazoles in refluxing hydrochloric acid.
An Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Autonomous Road Inspection Scheme Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2021)

Recent advancements in the field of machine learning (ML) provide opportunity to conduct research on autonomous devices for a variety of applications. Intelligent decision-making is a critical task for self-driving systems. An attempt is made in this study to use a deep learning (DL) approach for the early detection of road cracks, potholes, and the yellow lane. The accuracy is not sufficient after training with the default model. To enhance accuracy, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with 13 convolutional layers, a softmax layer as an output layer, and two fully connected layers (FCN) are constructed. In order to achieve the deeper propagation and to prevent saturation in the training phase, mish activation is employed in the first 12 layers with a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function. The upgraded CNN model performs better than the default CNN model in terms of accuracy. For the varied situation, a revised and enriched dataset for road cracks, potholes, and the yellow lane is created. The yellow lane is detected and tracked in order to move the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomously by following yellow lane. After identifying a yellow lane, the UAV performs autonomous navigation while concurrently detecting road cracks and potholes using the robot operating system within the UAV. The performance model is benchmarked using performance measures, such as accuracy, sensitivity, F1-score, F2-score, and dice-coefficient, which demonstrate that the suggested technique produces better outcomes.
Gas chromatography utilizing SAW sensors (2002)

The performance of a high-speed (10-15-s) gas chromatography system for the detection of illicit materials is described. The system is based on an isothermal capillary column gas chromatograph (GC) and a 500-MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) crystal decoder. The SAW sensor operates as an integrating GC detector and is able to continue operating for extended periods without replacement by using periodic in situ cleaning. Specificity to materials of interest is enhanced by controlling the sorption/desorption characteristics of the SAW crystal surface. The system is capable of operating over a wide range of vapor concentrations extending from femtograms to many nanograms without overloading.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
pTest: an adaptive testing tool for concurrent software on embedded multicore processors (2009)

More and more processor manufacturers have launched embedded multicore processors for consumer electronics products because such processors provide high performance and low power consumption to meet the requirements of mobile computing and multimedia applications. To effectively utilize computing power of multicore processors, software designers interest in using concurrent processing for such architecture. The master-slave model is one of the popular programming models for concurrent processing. Even if it is a simple model, the potential concurrency faults and unreliable slave systems still lead to anomalies of entire system. In this paper, we present an adaptive testing tool called pTest to stress test a slave system and to detect the synchronization anomalies of concurrent software in the master-slave systems on embedded multicore processors. We use a probabilistic finite-state automaton(PFA) to model the test patterns for stress testing and shows how a PFA can be applied to pTest in practice.
Evolution of a Reliable and Extensible High-Level Control System for an Autonomous Car (2019)

The reliability of autonomous vehicles is heavily dependent on their software frameworks, which are required to interface and process data from many different sensors on board the vehicle, perform navigational processes such as path planning and lane keeping, take action to ensure safety and display data to an operator in a useful fashion. These sensors can include a combination of cameras, LiDARs, GPS, IMU, and odometric sensors to achieve positioning and localisation for the vehicle and nearby objects in their environment and can be challenging to integrate. In this paper, we present a hybridised software framework that combines sensor and navigational processing for autonomous driving. Our framework utilises a modular approach for interfacing and safety functionality, whilst navigation and sensor interfaces are implemented as nodes in the robot operating system. Our testing results verify the suitability of our framework by integration with a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system and for fully autonomous field driving.
A Modification-Specific Peptide-Based immunization Approach Using CRM197 Carrier Protein: Development of a Selective Vaccine Against Pyroglutamate Aβ Peptides (2016)

Strategies aimed at reducing cerebral accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ immunization has proven to be effective at promoting Aβ clearance in animal models but adverse effects have hampered its clinical evaluation. The first anti-Aβ immunization clinical trial, which assessed a full-length Aβ1-42 vaccine, increased the risk of encephalitis most likely because of autoimmune pro-inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) response against all forms of Aβ. Immunization against less abundant but potentially more pathologically relevant Aβ products, such as N-terminally-truncated pyroglutamate-3 Aβ (AβpE3), could provide efficacy and improve tolerability in Aβ immunotherapy. Here, we describe a selective vaccine against AβpE3, which uses the diphtheria toxin mutant CRM197 as carrier protein for epitope presentation. CRM197 is currently used in licensed vaccines and has demonstrated excellent immunogenicity and safety in humans. In mice, our AβpE3:CRM197 vaccine triggered the production of specific anti-AβpE3 antibodies that did not cross-react with Aβ1-42, non-cyclized AβE3, or N-terminally-truncated pyroglutamate-11 Aβ (AβpE11). AβpE3:CRM197 antiserum strongly labeled AβpE3 in insoluble protein extracts and decorated cortical amyloid plaques in human AD brains. Anti-AβpE3 antibodies were almost exclusively of the IgG1 isotype, suggesting an anti-inflammatory Th2 response bias to the AβpE3:CRM197 vaccine. To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that CRM197 has potential as a safe and suitable vaccine carrier for active and selective immunization against specific protein sequence modifications or conformations, such as AβpE3.
Vitamin C selectively kills <i>KRAS</i> and <i>BRAF</i> mutant colorectal cancer cells by targeting GAPDH (2015)

More than half of human colorectal cancers (CRCs) carry either KRAS or BRAF mutations and are often refractory to approved targeted therapies. We found that cultured human CRC cells harboring KRAS or BRAF mutations are selectively killed when exposed to high levels of vitamin C. This effect is due to increased uptake of the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbate (DHA), via the GLUT1 glucose transporter. Increased DHA uptake causes oxidative stress as intracellular DHA is reduced to vitamin C, depleting glutathione. Thus, reactive oxygen species accumulate and inactivate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Inhibition of GAPDH in highly glycolytic KRAS or BRAF mutant cells leads to an energetic crisis and cell death not seen in KRAS and BRAF wild-type cells. High-dose vitamin C impairs tumor growth in Apc/Kras(G12D) mutant mice. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of vitamin C for CRCs with KRAS or BRAF mutations.
Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743) for Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Multicenter Phase II and Pharmacokinetic Study (2005)

ET-743 demonstrates clinical activity as first-line therapy against STS with acceptable toxicity. Additional studies to establish empirical dosing guidelines may be necessary to improve the safety of the drug in patients with varying degrees of hepatic dysfunction and definitively establish the role of ET-743 for patients with these malignancies.
Nucleosides. Part L.. Structure of lumazine <i>N</i><sup>1</sup>‐(2′‐deoxy‐<scp>D</scp>‐ribonucleosides) ( = 1‐(2′‐deoxy‐<scp>D</scp>‐ribofuranosyl)pteridine‐2,4(1<i>H</i>,3<i>H</i>)‐diones): A revision of the anomeric configuration (1992)

Abstract The anomeric configuration of the glycosidic bond in lumazine N 1 ‐(2′‐deoxy‐ D ‐ribonucleosides) 1–6 was investigated by NOE difference spectroscopy. The former configurational assignment of the α ‐ and β ‐ D ‐anomers 1 and 2, 3 and 4 , and 5 and 6 , respectively, has to be reversed to be in agreement with the physical data. Additional proof is presented by X‐ray analysis of 3 and 6 . Chemical interconversions of 1‐(2′‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosyl)‐6,7‐diphenyllumazine ( 6 ) into 2,3′ ‐anhydrolumazine 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides 16 and 17 are also in agreement with the revised anomeric configuration.
On the linear complexity of functions of periodic GF(q) sequences (1989)

It is proved that the product of arbitrary periodic GF(q) sequences attains maximum linear complexity if their periods are pairwise coprime. The necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for maximum linear complexity of the product of two periodic GF(q) sequences with irreducible minimal characteristic polynomials. For a linear combination of products of arbitrary periodic GF(q) sequences, it is shown that maximum linear complexity is achieved if their periods are pairwise coprime and the polynomial x-1 does not divide any of their minimal characteristic polynomials; assuming only that their periods are pairwise coprime, the author establishes a lower bound on the linear complexity which is of the same order of magnitude as maximum linear complexity. Boolean functions are derived that are optimal with respect to the maximum linear complexity. Possible applications of the results in the design of sequence generators are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High pH prevents retinoic acid-induced teratogenesis (1995)

Exogenously applied retinoic acid is known to cause teratogenic effects in a variety of animal systems. We examined whether the formation of teratogenic effects may be influenced by the electrical charge of retinoic acid. The pKa of retinoic acid ranges from 6 to 8, indicating that it is electrically neutral in a pH5 medium and is negatively charged in a pH9 medium. With this idea in mind, embryos of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were pulse-treated with retinoic acid and cultured in media of different pH. The percentage of embryos with retinoic acid-induced eye defects was 6-fold lower in the pH9 medium as compared to the pH5 medium. In contrast, the apical plate defects induced by retinoic acid were not pH-dependent. The observation that high pH prevents eye defects but not apical plate defects can be explained by taking into account an electrophoretic redistribution of retinoic acid resulting from the voltage gradients that are generated by the Lymnaea embryo.
Heat‐stable antigen/CD24 on mouse T lymphocytes: evidence for a costimulatory function (1994)

Abstract Heat‐stable antigen (HSA)/mouse CD24 (formerly termed Nectadrin) is a membrane glycoprotein with an unusual structure consisting of a small protein core and extensive glycosylation. It is expressed by hematopoietic cells but not by mature T lymphocytes. HSA on accessory cells is an important costimulatory molecule required for the clonal expansion of T lymphocytes. HSA is also involved in cell‐cell adhesion events and the isolated antigen has been shown to possess self‐binding properties. In the present study we have re‐investigated the role of HSA in T cell proliferation. We find that following stimulation of T lymphocytes with concanavalin A or of CD4 + T lymphocytes with a combination of anti‐CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) the HSA antigen is transiently expressed. The expression correlated with the appearance of CD25 and a CD2 activation epitope at the cell surface. Induction of HSA was also seen in vivo on Vβ8 + T lymphocytes in BALB/c mice that were injected with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biosynthetic labeling and analysis of mRNA by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction showed that HSA was synthesized by activated T lymphocytes. A combination of anti‐CD3 and mAb 79 to HSA was incapable of inducing proliferation of purified CD4 + T lymphocytes. However, the antibody strongly enhanced the response obtained with a combination of anti‐CD3/CD28 mAb. The augmenting effect of the HSA‐specific mAb was dose dependent. Since HSA is bound to the membrane via a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and GPI‐anchored molecules have been implicated in lymphocyte activation, it is conceivable that HSA is not only a costimulatory molecule on accessory cells but is also a signaling molecule in T lymphocytes. The possibility of a homotypic HSA/HSA interaction between T lymphocytes and accessory cells is discussed.
Improved noise-robustness in distributed speech recognition via perceptually-weighted vector quantisation of filterbank energies (2005)

In this paper, we examine a coding scheme for quantising feature vectors in a distributed speech recognition environment that is more robust to noise. It consists of a vector quantiser that operates on the logarithmic filterbank energies (LFBEs). Through the use of a perceptually-weighted Euclidean distance measure, which emphasises the LFBEs that represent the spectral peaks, the vector quantiser codebook provides ap rioriknowledge of the spectral characteristics of clean speech and is used to quantise features from noise-corrupted speech. Our comparative results from the ETSI Aurora-2 recognition task show that the perceptually-weighted vector quantisation of LFBEs achieves higher recognition accuracies for noisy speech than the unweighted vector quantisation, memoryless and multi-frame GMM-based block quantisation and scalar quantisation of Mel frequency-warped cepstral coefficients.
Boosting the performance of PC-based software routers with FPGA-enhanced network interface cards (2006)

The research community is devoting increasing attention to software routers based on off-the-shelf hardware and open-source operating systems running on the personal-computer (PC) architecture. Today's high-end PCs are equipped with peripheral component interconnect (PCI) shared buses enabling them to easily fit into the multi-gigabit-per-second routing segment, for a price much lower than that of commercial routers. However, commercially-available PC network interface cards (NICs) lack programmability, and require not only packets to cross the PCI bus twice, but also to be processed in software by the operating system, strongly reducing the achievable forwarding rate. It is therefore interesting to explore the performance of customizable NICs based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) logic devices we developed and assess how well they can overcome the limitations of today's commercially-available NICs
Spectral minutiae: A fixed-length representation of a minutiae set (2008)

Minutiae, which are the endpoints and bifurcations of fingerprint ridges, allow a very discriminative classification of fingerprints. However, a minutiae set is an unordered set and the minutiae locations suffer from various deformations such as translation, rotation and scaling. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to represent a minutiae set as a fixed-length feature vector, which is invariant to translation, and in which rotation and scaling become translations, so that they can be easily compensated for. By applying the spectral minutiae representation, we can combine the fingerprint recognition system with a template protection scheme, which requires a fixed-length feature vector. This paper also presents two spectral minutiae matching algorithms and shows experimental results.
An Empirical Comparison of Four Text Mining Methods (2010)

The amount of textual data that is available for researchers and businesses to analyze is increasing at a dramatic rate. This reality has led IS researchers to investigate various text mining techniques. This essay examines four text mining methods that are frequently used in order to identify their advantages and limitations. The four methods that we examine are (1) latent semantic analysis, (2) probabilistic latent semantic analysis, (3) latent Dirichlet allocation, and (4) the correlated topic model. We compare these four methods and highlight the optimal conditions under which to apply the various methods. Our paper sheds light on the theory that underlies text mining methods and provides guidance for researchers who seek to apply these methods.
Systematic identification of mutations that constitutively activate the angiotensin II type 1A receptor by screening a randomly mutated cDNA library with an original pharmacological bioassay (2000)

The constitutive activation of G-protein-coupled receptors is a major new approach to investigating their physiopathology and pharmacology. A large number of spontaneous and site-directed mutations resulting in constitutive activity have been identified, but systematic mapping of the amino acids involved for a given receptor would be extremely useful for complete elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation. We carried out such mapping for the angiotensin II type 1A (AT(1A)) receptor by screening a randomly mutated cDNA library after expressing the mutated clones in eukaryotic cells. To test the AT(1A) mutants generated, we developed an original, specific, and highly sensitive assay based on the properties of CGP42112A. This classical AT(2) agonist is a weak partial agonist of the wild-type AT(1A) receptor and becomes a full agonist for constitutively active AT(1A) mutants, as shown experimentally and in allostery-based theoretical models. Activation of the mutated receptors by CGP42112A was monitored by using the bioluminescent protein aequorin, a very sensitive and specific sensor of intracellular calcium mobilization. The screening of 4,800 clones, providing an exhaustive coverage of all of the mutations generated, led to the identification of 16 mutations in sequences encoding the transmembrane domains that were responsible for high sensitivity to CGP42112A. The constitutive activity was confirmed by agonist-independent production of inositol phosphates, which showed that at least half of the clones had significantly increased basal activity. These data demonstrate that this new type of approach is very efficient for the systematic identification of constitutively active mutants of G-protein-coupled receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: New Effective Catalysts for Mukaiyama‐Aldol and ‐Michael Reactions: BiCl3‐Metallic Iodide Systems. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metasurface-based compact light engine for AR headsets (2019)

Despite the great advances, potentials of augmented reality to fundamentally transform the way people use computers is partially hindered by the size and weight of the AR headsets. In waveguide-based devices, the light engine constitutes a significant portion of the total volume and weight. Dielectric metasurfaces have in recent years been used to demonstrate various high performance optical elements like blazed gratings and wide field of view lenses with small thicknesses, high efficiencies, and little stray light. Here, we report our work on the design of a compact light engine based on multi-metasurface optics with wide fields of view, integrated with three monochrome μ-LED displays for red, green, and blue. The metasurfaces image the μ-LEDs on the prism or grating couplers. This design avoids an important shortcoming of μ-LEDs and metasurface lenses, i.e., each work well for a single wavelength. As an example, we present a design for 532 nm, with over 3000 resolved angular points in an 8-mm-diameter field of view, and a total volume less than 0.65 cc (<2 cc for the three wavelengths). Limited by the total internal reflection region inside a waveguide with a 1.78 refractive index, the light engine can produce an image with over 1500x1500 points over a field of view slightly larger than 85°x85° in air. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal and demonstration of such a system and therefore opens the path towards exploring the potentials of the metasurface diffractive optics technology for compact AR headsets with enhanced optical capabilities.