gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Remote Sensing Methodology for Vehicle Emission Inspection (2022)

Remote sensing detection of vehicle emissions is an effective supplement to the statutory periodic inspection of in-use vehicle emissions and it is a convenient technical method for real-time screening of high-emission vehicles. The principle of remote sensing detection is to inversely calculate the absolute concentrations of gaseous pollutants in vehicle exhaust according to the relative volume concentration ratio of each exhaust component to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the vehicle exhaust plume. Because the combustion mechanisms of gasoline engines and diesel engines are different, different inversion calculation methods of remote sensing data must be applied. The absolute concentrations of gasoline vehicle gaseous emissions measured by remote sensing can be calculated by the inversion calculation method based on the theoretical air–fuel ratio combustion mechanism. However, the absolute concentrations of diesel vehicle nitrogen oxide (NOx) measured by remote sensing must be calculated by the inversion calculation method based on the correction of the excess air coefficient. For the integrated remote sensing test system of gasoline and diesel vehicles, it is necessary to determine the vehicle category according to the vehicle type and license plate and adopt different inversion calculation methods to obtain the correct remote sensing results of vehicle emissions. The big data statistical analysis method for vehicle emission remote sensing results can quickly screen high-emission vehicles and dynamically determine the remote sensing emission screening threshold of high-emission vehicles as the composition of in-use vehicles changes and the overall emission of vehicles declines, so as to achieve dynamic and accurate screening of high-emission vehicles.
741 A Study on Sound Quality Design and Evaluation Method for Golf Club : Forecasting the Sound Quality of Impact Sound Using Estimated Values of Impact Force (2010)

Sound quality of impact sound becomes important in design of golf club. In this paper, two simple experiment models produced to examine the vibrational characteristic of the golf clubs. First, the results of the numerical analysis of the models and the results of the experiment are compared, and the effectiveness of the numerical model is shown. Then, confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method for estimating impact force. Finally, it is examined the influence that a structural change in the golf clubs give to the sound quality of the impact sound is predictable by use three sound quality parameters.
Grasping-Force Sensor For Robot Hand (1991)

Grasping-force sensor designed for use on robot hand including interdigitating claws required to remain in alignment. Sensor integral part of grasping claw assembly on robot hand. Base frames deflect elastically, partly in manner of cantilever beam and partly in manner of parallelogram linkage. Strain gauges measure grasping forces by measuring deflections. Operator feels initial contact between claws and object and modifies motions of robot arm, hand and claws accordingly.
Isolation of proteins that interact specifically with the retinoid X receptor: two novel orphan receptors. (1995)

We have used a yeast genetic system to isolate cDNAs encoding proteins that specifically interact with the ligand-binding domain of human retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR alpha). A number encoded portions of two known RXR heterodimer partners, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. Of four additional RXR-interacting proteins (RIPs) selected for further study two, RIP14 and RIP15, are previously unidentified orphan members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Two others, RIP110 and RIP13, do not show significant similarities to previously reported proteins. RIP110 interacts with LexA-RXR only in yeast cells grown in the presence of the RXR ligand 9-cis-RA, while the interaction of the four receptor superfamily members and RIP13 is unaffected by the presence or absence of 9-cis-RA. RIP110 and RIP13 also interact in yeast with several other members of the receptor superfamily, but RIP14 and RIP15 interact only with RXR. Analysis of larger cDNA clones demonstrates that there are at least two isoforms of RIP14 that differ in the N-terminal (A and B) and hinge (D) domains. Northern blot analysis indicates that RIP14 is expressed specifically in liver and kidney, while RIP15 is expressed in every tissue tested. Both RIP14 and 15 bind as heterodimers with RXR to the RA response element (RARE) from the promoter of the RAR beta 2 isoform (the beta RARE), and RIP14 and RXR heterodimers also bind the ecdysone response element from the Drosophila heat shock protein 27 promoter. Both heterodimers also bind to several synthetic RAREs and other elements. In cotransfections, neither RIP14 nor RIP15 trans-activates a reporter containing multiple copies of the beta RARE under any of a variety of conditions, suggesting that their activities are dependent on the binding of as yet unidentified specific ligands or on activation by other processes.
Discovery of Tricyclic Triazolo- and Imidazopyridine Lactams as M<sub>1</sub> Positive Allosteric Modulators (2018)

This Letter describes the chemical optimization of a new series of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 (M<sub>1</sub>) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on novel tricyclic triazolo- and imidazopyridine lactam cores, devoid of M<sub>1</sub> agonism, e.g., no M<sub>1</sub> ago-PAM activity, in high expressing recombinant cell lines. While all the new tricyclic congeners afforded excellent rat pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (CL<sub>p</sub> < 8 mL/min/kg and t<sub>1/2</sub> > 5 h), regioisomeric triazolopyridine analogues were uniformly not CNS penetrant ( K<sub>p</sub> < 0.05), despite a lack of hydrogen bond donors. However, removal of a single nitrogen atom to afford imidazopyridine derivatives proved to retain the excellent rat PK and provide high CNS penetration ( K<sub>p</sub> > 2), despite inclusion of a basic nitrogen. Moreover, 24c was devoid of M<sub>1</sub> agonism in high expressing recombinant cell lines and did not induce cholinergic seizures in vivo in mice. Interestingly, all of the new M<sub>1</sub> PAMs across the diverse tricyclic heterocyclic cores possessed equivalent CNS MPO scores (>4.5), highlighting the value of both "medicinal chemist's eye" and experimental data, e.g., not sole reliance (or decision bias) on in silico calculated properties, for parameters as complex as CNS penetration.
Swashup (2007)

Distributed programming has shifted from private networks to the Internet using heterogeneous Web APIs. This enables the creation of situational applications of composed services exposing user interfaces, i.e., mashups. However, this programmable Web lacks unified models that can facilitate mashup creation, reuse, and deployments. This poster demonstrates a platform to facilitate Web 2.0 mashups.
Botulinum Neurotoxin as a Therapeutic Modality in Orthopaedic Surgery: More Than Twenty Years of Experience (2008)

Seyler, Thorsten M. MD; Smith, Beth P. PhD; Marker, David R. BS; Ma, Jianjun MD, PhD; Shen, Jian MD, PhD; Smith, Tom L. PhD; Mont, Michael A. MD; Kolaski, Kat MD; Koman, L. Andrew MD Author Information
GaAs-based quantum well solar cells for defense applications (2010)

Quantum-well based solar cells have the potential to deliver ultra-high efficiencies in single-junction devices, efficiencies that in theory can approach 45% in un-concentrated sunlight over a wide range of environmental conditions. In this work, thin-film GaAs-based quantum well solar cells are demonstrated that operate at voltages higher than previous state-of-the-art GaAs devices. Higher open circuit voltages result from the use of a novel structure incorporating a wide band gap barrier layer within a heterojunction depletion region. Ultra-low dark current is observed from this structure as result of the simultaneous reduction of carrier diffusion and space charge recombination. Efficient carrier extraction of photogenerated carries over the potential barriers within the structure is achieved by increasing the field strength and tailoring the barrier profile to enhance thermionic emission and tunneling. High open circuit voltages (>1.1 V @ 25 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) and fill factors (> 80%) are demonstrated in multi-layer depletion region structures incorporating both an extended region of wide band gap material and an InGaAs quantum well within a GaAs base layer. These ground breaking results indicate that it is possible to simultaneously increase both the current and voltage output of GaAs-based solar cells.
Metastable Reaction Mixtures for the <i>in Situ</i> Polymerization of Conducting Polymers (2007)

The widespread use of conducting polymers in technological applications has been hindered by poor processability; strong intermolecular interactions prohibit thermal processing and reduce solubility in conventional solvents. To date, there has been a focus on the disruption of these interactions through the functionalization of the polymer backbone or the stabilization of colloidal polymer. In this work, we present a generalized approach to the synthesis of conducting polymers that uses an easily processable mixture of monomer and oxidant that is metastable in solution, yet rapidly polymerizes upon solvent evaporation. This procedure was originally used for the polymerization of pyrrole and is now demonstrated as a general approach by extending the method to the polymerization of thiophene. The method allows the casting and spin-coating of films with similar conductivities and redox properties to those of electrochemically generated thin films, without the need for a conducting substrate. Films produced via spin-coating are smooth with a thickness of 100−200 nm and show conductivities in the range 0.2−0.3 S cm-1. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations are also presented.
Collaborative document monitoring (2001)

In this paper we present a second generation URL monitoring tool which enables the collaborative evaluation of URL content changes. In our implementation, a document monitoring agent works alongside a recommender system. Using information provided by the monitoring agent, the collaborative system alerts users when documents they are monitoring have changed. The monitoring agent provides automatic evaluation of the nature of the change. Users, however, add subjective evaluations; one user's effort informs all others monitoring the same URL. Based on these subjective evaluations, the collaborative system can filter the changed URLs, providing customized notifications for each user based on individual preferences. In this paper, we describe the implemented system and usage results.
NLP Story Maker (2005)

This paper explores a novel approach to linking Graphics and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Our tool, Story Maker, lets users illustrate their stories on the fly, as they enter them on the computer in natural language. Our goals in creating Story Maker are twofold: to explore the use of NLP in the dynamic generation of animated scenes, and to explore ways to exploit users’ input in order to obviate the necessity of having a large database of graphics. With our NLP technology, users can input unrestricted natural language. Story Maker provides users with direct visual output in response to their natural language input. The tool can potentially impact both the way we interact with computers and the way we compose text.
The Application of Spectral Reference Cells to Non-linear Photovoltaic Cells (2013)

For evaluation of the characteristics of photovoltaic cells, the solar simulator should be adjusted to 1 kW/m² utilizing a reference cell. For adjusting the solar simulator, IEC requires that the spectral responsivity of each reference cell should be the same as the spectral responsivity of the photovoltaic cell under test. This method is very accurate, but it takes time and cost, because this method needs individual physical reference cells. Therefore, we propose a Spectral Reference Cell method that can be used for adjustment of solar simulator intensity for testing photovoltaic cells without using specific physical reference cells. This method adjusts the intensity of solar simulator for various spectral responses within 3% error. Furthermore, we also expand this method to non-linear photovoltaic cells by using DSR method that can measure using the absolute spectral responsivity at various irradiance levels. Utilizing this method, it was possible to adjust the intensity of solar simulator within 3% error. This method can dramatically reduce the time and cost of adjusting solar simulator’s irradiance for various photovoltaic cells. We think that our “Spectral Reference Cell Method” will be very useful in the development stage of photovoltaic cells, especially for non-linear cells, because this method does not require the developing of specific physical refer ence cells.
Activation of a mobile robot through a brain computer interface (2010)

This work presents the development of a brain computer interface as an alternative communication channel to be used in Robotics. It encompasses the implementation of an electroencephalograph (EEG), as well as the development of all computational methods and necessary techniques to identify mental activities. The developed brain computer interface (BCI) is applied to activate the movements of a 120lb mobile robot, associating four different mental activities to robot commands. The interface is based on EEG signal analyses, which extract features that can be classified as specific mental activities. First, a signal preprocessing is performed from the EEG data, filtering noise, using a spatial filter to increase the scalp signal resolution, and extracting relevant features. Then, different classifier models are proposed, evaluated and compared. At last, two implementations of the developed classifiers are proposed to improve the rate of successful commands to the mobile robot. In one of the implementations, a 91% average hit rate is obtained, with only 1.25% wrong commands after 400 attempts to control the mobile robot.
Advantages of the diffuser-augmented wind turbine (1973)

Performance optimization for a wind turbine is realized by using a shrouded diffuser to produce up to twice the power of unshrouded turbines of the same diameter. The diffuser converts the kinetic energy of the flow downstream of the rotor into a pressure rise and thus makes it possible for the rotor to capture airflow from a free stream tube area that is greater than that from the rotor itself. The flow velocity through the shrouded rotor is 20 to 60 percent greater than the free wind velocity as opposed to 67 percent less for the unshrouded case. The diffuser also makes it possible to accommodate very high wind speeds without the need of variable pitch in the rotor blades.
The impact of endotoxin masking on the removal of endotoxin during manufacturing of a biopharmaceutical drug product (2022)

Endotoxins are a highly pyrogenic and immunogenic contaminant of bacterial origin that must be avoided during the manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products to ensure safety and efficacy. Low endotoxin recovery, also known as a masking effect, is defined as the ability to detect <50% [21] of the expected endotoxin in an endotoxin assay. Masking can be caused by the ability of endotoxins to build aggregates, bind to the protein or organise in micelles or vesicles that in turn inhibit detection of the endotoxin in the solution being tested. Therefore, a masking effect can result from physical parameters of the molecule being tested or from the buffer/environmental conditions of the solution the molecule is in. This can subsequently lead to the underestimation of endotoxin contaminations and lead to a potential false negative test. Tight control over the effectiveness of the downstream process and the use of well-characterised endotoxin testing assays are needed to ensure optimal endotoxin removal. This manuscript demonstrates the capacity to remove the endotoxins within a proven acceptable range by also controlling and evaluating the potential masking effects during downstream process at ambient temperature and also during sample storage condition until the analyse was performed. The endotoxin removal study (ERS) is divided in the initial part to evaluate the process buffers and the conditions of the molecule to avoid the underestimation of endotoxins in process samples in advance. This pre-study is a necessary prerequisite to evaluate the results after the endotoxin spiked downstream unit operations. With those aspects, the removal capacity can be demonstrated. A study was carried out to characterise the endotoxin removal capability of the purification process including controlling of masking effects. The endotoxin removal capacity on ion exchange chromatography and during ultrafiltration/diafiltration unit operations of the downstream processing of an immunoglobulin G1 antibody was conducted using various process parameters to understand their impact on endotoxin removal. In the small-scale study, the processing steps from each tested unit operation were spiked with Escherichia coli endotoxins. The potential masking effect during purification was addressed by controlling the hold time by spiking studies of the different generated pools at ambient temperature. By conducting a masking study, all generated protein pools (flow-through/wash, eluate and regeneration pools) had no masking effect caused through sample handling prior to analysis. Overall, this study showed that endotoxins could be successfully removed by anion exchange chromatography. A partial removal could be achieved by cation exchange chromatography and endotoxins could not be removed with ultrafiltration/diafiltration.
Spectral Profiles, a Novel Representation of Tandem Mass Spectra and Their Applications for de Novo Peptide Sequencing and Identification (2009)

Despite many efforts in the last decade, the progress in de novo peptide sequencing has been slow with only 30-45% of all peptides correctly reconstructed. We argue that accurate full-length peptide sequencing may be an unattainable goal for some spectra and demonstrate how to accurately sequence gapped peptides instead. We further argue that gapped peptides are nearly as useful as full-length peptides for error-tolerant database searches. Gapped peptides occupy a niche between long but inaccurate full-length reconstructions and short but accurate peptide sequence tags. Our MS-Profile tool uses spectral profiles, a new representation of tandem mass spectra, to generate gapped peptides that are longer and more accurate than peptide sequence tags of length 3 traditionally used to speed up database searches in proteomics. In addition, spectral profiles also enable intuitive visualization of all high scoring de novo reconstructions of tandem mass spectra.
Soft-Output Finite Alphabet Equalization for mmWAVE Massive MIMO (2020)

Next-generation wireless systems are expected to combine millimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technologies to deliver high data-rates. These technologies require the basestations (BSs) to process high-dimensional data at extreme rates, which results in high power dissipation and system costs. Finite-alphabet equalization has been proposed recently to reduce the power consumption and silicon area of uplink spatial equalization circuitry at the BS by coarsely quantizing the equalization matrix. In this work, we improve upon finite-alphabet equalization by performing unbiased estimation and soft-output computation for coded systems. By simulating a massive MU-MIMO system that uses orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and per-user convolutional coding, we show that soft-output finite-alphabet equalization delivers competitive error-rate performance using only 1 to 3 bits per entry of the equalization matrix, even for challenging mmWave channels.
High throughput VLSI architecture for HEVC SAO encoding for ultra HDTV (2014)

This paper presents a high performance, silicon area efficient, and software configurable hardware architecture for sample adaptive offset (SAO) encoding. The paper proposes a novel architecture consisting of single largest coding unit (LCU) stage SAO operation, unified data path for luma and chroma channels, add-on external interfaces on frame level statistics collection units to allow fine control over the parameter estimation process, flexible rate control and artifact avoidance algorithms. The unified data path consists of 2D-block based processing with 3 pipeline stages for statistics generation and multiple offset rate-distortion cost estimation blocks for high performance. The proposed design after placement and routing is expected to take-up approximately 0.15 mm2 of silicon area in 28nm CMOS process. The proposed design at 200 MHz supports 4K Ultra HD video encoding at 60fps. Simulation experiments have shown average bit-rate saving of up to 4.3% with in-loop SAO filtering and various encoder configurations.
Quality Assessment for Stereoscopic Images by Distortion Separation (2014)

Quality assessment for stereoscopic images is a challenging issue in three-dimensional research. In this paper, we present an objective quality assessment method for stereoscopic images by distortion separation. In the method, we separate the distortion information for the distorted stereoscopic image (i.e., decompose the distorted stereoscopic image into restored and disturbed stereoscopic images), and use phase-amplitude description model and singular value decomposition model to evaluate them respectively. The experimental results show that compared with other schemes, the proposed method can achieve much higher consistency with the subjective assessments.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogrammed without a Trace (2009)

…technological advances driving the science of induced pluripotency will be increasingly essential for realizing the opportunities of patient-specific, cell-based treatments, thereby translating the discoveries of today into the practice of tomorrow."
B242 Cooling Technology for the Optical Disc Drive using Air-flow induced by Disc Rotation (2006)

Recently, data transfer rates of optical disc drives have been dramatically increasing. To obtain the high data transfer rates, disc rotation speed and laser power also need to be increased. Therefore, to develop the next generation optical disc drives effectively, enhanced cooling system of the optical pick-up unit which includes the laser diode is indispensable. The cooling performance of the pick-up unit is directly influenced by the inside air-flow induced by the disc rotation. To maximize the effect of the air-flow around the pick-up unit, we applied the combination of PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. It was made clear that making the opening near the pick-up unit could increase the cooling performance of the optical disc drive very effectively.