gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Nano-Co3O4 by Direct Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt(II) Nitrate Hexahydrate for Electrochemical Water Oxidation (2017)

Background: Nano-Co3O4 has been used in various technological areas and applications such as electrochemical sensors and electrochemical water splitting. Even though many efforts have been expended to prepare nano-Co3O4, the development of novel methods to prepare Co3O4 using simple processes and at low cost remain a topic of interest. Besides, it could be economic and useful if the synthesized nanoparticle could be applied as efficient electrocatalyst upon its immobilization on a cheap base electrode material by very simple method for various practical applications including renewable energy. Method: We prepared nano-Co3O4 by a direct thermal decomposition of an inexpensive, simple and widely available cobalt inorganic precursor, such as Co(NO3)2·6H2O without any type of prereaction or processing. The nano-Co3O4 was immobilized on filter-paper-derived carbon electrode by drop-drying method for applying as electrode materials toward water electrooxidation. Results: The X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the formation of short nanorods of single-phase Co3O4 upon thermal decomposition of Co(NO3)2·6H2O at 520°C. The electrocatalytic properties of the nano- Co3O4 were evaluated after immobilizing it on a cheap carbon electrode derived from normal filter paper. The modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic properties toward water oxidation in an alkaline solution. Conclusion: In conclusion, we developed a very simple, straight-forward and economic method for preparation of nano-Co3O4 and immobilized it on very cheap carbon electrode for evaluating its electrocatalytic properties. Due to the high electrocatalytic properties, the prepared nano-Co3O4 could potentially play an important role in various practical fields.
Distributed and dynamical Brillouin sensing in optical fibers (2011)

Employing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), we present a novel method for the quasi-simultaneous distributed measurement of dynamic strain along an entire Brillouin-inhomogeneous optical fiber. Following classical mapping of the temporally slowly varying Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) along the fiber, we use a specially synthesized and adaptable probe wave to always work on the slope of the local BGS, allowing a single pump pulse to sample fast strain variations along the entire fiber. Strain vibrations of tens of Hertz and up to 2KHz are demonstrated, simultaneously (i.e., using the same pump pulse) measured on two different segments of the fiber, having different static Brillouin shifts.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade attenuates obesity and adipose tissue type 1 inflammation through miR-30e-5p regulation of Delta-like-4 (2019)

Abstract Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to development of cardiometabolic disorders. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists attenuate diet-induced obesity (DIO) and related inflammation, although the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved have not been fully explored. In the current study we used a mouse model of DIO intervention to determine the microRNA (miR)-mediated anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of the CB1 antagonist AM251. DIO mice that were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks were treated with AM251 (10mg/kg) for an additional four weeks. HFD+AM251 mice experienced rapid and prolonged weight loss and reduced inflammatory M1 adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration. To investigate miRNA-mediated regulation of ATMs, F4/80+ cells from stromal vascular fractions of epididymal fat were subjected to miR microarray analysis. Several miRs were differentially expressed in AM251-treated mice that were independent of calorie restriction. Prominently, miR-30e-5p was upregulated in ATMs from HFD+AM251 mice while the miR-30e-5p targeting DLL4 was downregulated. Consistent with a decrease in DLL4-Notch signaling, fat storage and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression was reduced following AM251 treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AM251-treated macrophages can suppress DLL4-mediated Th1 polarization in CD4+ T cells. Together these data indicate that weight-loss due to AM251 treatment mediates anti-inflammatory effects and amelioration of obesity through miR-30e-5p regulation of DLL4-Notch signaling-induced type 1 inflammation. These data support therapeutic potential of miR-30 in the treatment of cardiometabolic disorders.
Does sharpness affect the reproduction of color images? (2002)

A psychophysical experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between sharpness and preferred color of images displayed on a CRT monitor screen. Blurred versions of each of four original images were generated by convolution with a low-pass Gaussian filter. Sharpened versions of these images were created through adjustment of the image power spectrum. Each test image was decomposed into a set of spatial frequency bands, defined as octaves of the pixel sampling frequency. The Fourier power spectrum was derived, then amplitudes of selected bands were adjusted to enhance the desired spatial frequencies. The experimental results indicated that: (1) sharpness was perceived to be increased when certain spatial frequency bands were enhanced; (2) weighting the frequency bands using the standard observer's contrast sensitivity function (CSF) gives better results for particular distances; and (3) preferred image color is strongly related to image sharpness.
A DPLL-based per core variable frequency clock generator for an eight-core POWER7<sup>&#x2122;</sup> microprocessor (2010)

A per-core clock generator for the eight-core POWER7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">™</sup> processor is implemented with a digital PLL. This frequency generator is capable of smooth, controlled frequency slewing, minimizing the impact of di/dt. Frequency can be dynamically adjusted while the clock is running, and without skipping any cycles, thus enabling aggressive power management techniques.
Research on algorithm of cross-section area of oil storage tank capacity based on point cloud data (2019)

The accuracy of oil storage tank capacity measurement is directly related to the accuracy of oil trade handover. With the gradual application of 3D laser scanning technology in the measurement of oil storage tanks, in order to improve the accuracy of v capacity calculation of oil storage tanks based on a large number of point cloud data, a method of point cloud sorting and triangular section area calculation with area approximation is proposed. By selecting two types of storage tanks for test analysis, the maximum relative error of this method is less than 0.02% compared with the two methods, which is suitable for the calculation of storage tank capacity.
Application of pulsed plasma NO{sub x} reduction to diesel engine exhaust (1993)

We have studied the effect of pulsed plasma discharges on gas mixtures simulating diesel engine exhaust by modeling and by experiment. Our modeling results have shown that the pulsed plasma can convert NO{sub x} to N{sub 2} using the nitrogen itself as a reductant. However, this process is energetically unfavorable for the plasma regime of our measurements. In our experiments we found that addition of hydrocarbons improves substantially the energy efficiency of pulsed plasma NO{sub x} reduction. Real exhaust gas contains some gaseous hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide that may prove sufficient for improving the energy efficiency of the ``right`` pulsed plasma reduction process.
Time reversal data communications on pipes using guided elastic waves: Part I. Basic principles (2011)

Piezoelectric sensors that are embedded in large structures and are inter-connected as a sensor network can provide
critical information regarding the integrity of the structures being monitored. A viable data communication
scheme for sensor networks is needed to ensure effective transmission of messages regarding the structural heath
conditions from sensor nodes to the central processing unit. In this paper we develop a time reversal based data
communication scheme that utilizes guided elastic waves for structural health monitoring applications. Unlike
conventional data communication technologies that use electromagnetic radio waves or acoustical waves, the
proposed method utilize elastic waves as message carriers and steel pipes as transmission channels. However,
the multi-modal and dispersive characteristics of guided waves make it difficult to interpret the channel responses
or to transfer correctly the structural information data along pipes. In this paper, we present the basic principles
of the proposed time reversal based pulse position modulation and demonstrate by simulation that this method
can effectively overcome channel dispersion, achieve synchronization, and delivery information bits through
steels pipes or pipe-like structures correctly.
Practical Resource Allocation for the Broadcast Phase of Three-Step Bidirectional Relaying (2011)

In this paper, we present a low-complexity algorithm for the broadcast of three-step bidirectional relaying that decides which resources should be used for a network coding transmission, and which resources should be used for a conventional transmission. The algorithm requires a simple comparison operation for every transmission resource, and is independent from one resource to another thus enabling a parallel processing per transmission resource if desired. The comparison metric is based on information readily available in today's wireless networks, hence not requiring any additional overhead signalling. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides comparable gains to the higher-complexity heuristic-based approaches found in the literature, rendering it a good candidate for practical implementation purposes.
Iron/silicon-based catalyst exhibiting high selectivity to C/sub 2/-C/sub 6/ alkenes in CO/H/sub 2/ Fischer-Tropsch reactions (1984)

Finely divided, hydrogen-activated catalyst compositions comprising iron, silicon and carbon or iron and silicon that selectively convert gaseous mixtures of CO and H/sub 2/, at a temperature of about 150/sup 0/-450/sup 0/ C. and at pressures of about 10-2000 kPa, into reaction mixture containing at least about 75% C/sub 2/-C/sub 6/ alkenes and no more than about 25% of CH/sub 4/ and undesirable CO/sub 2/ by-products are disclosed. A wide range of iron/silicon-based catalyst compositions are conveniently prepared by laser pyrolysis and hydrogen-pretreatment and readily reactivated with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.
Four-part differential leukocyte count using &#x03BC;flow cytometer (2010)

This paper reports the four-part differential leukocyte count (DLC) of human blood using a MEMS microflow (μflow) cytometer. It is achieved with a two-color laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection scheme. Four types of leukocytes including neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes are identified in blood samples, which are stained by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI). The DLC results show good correlation with the count from a commercial hematology analyzer. The whole system is also implemented into a portable instrument for space application.
Calcination and solid state reaction of ceramic-forming components to provide single-phase superconducting materials having fine particle sizesize (1992)

This patent describes an improved method of preparing copper oxide superconducting materials having one of the following formulas, YBa[sub 2]CU[sub 3]O[sub x], YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 4]O[sub 8], Bi[sub 2]Sr[sub 2]CaCu[sub 3]O[sub x] and Bi[sub 1.6]Pb[sub 0.4]Sr[sub 2]Ca[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub x], wherein the material is prepared by the calcination and reaction of a precursor powder mixture containing at least one alkali earth carbonate. It comprises: preparing a stoichiometric precursor mixture containing at least one alkali earth carbonate, calcining and reacting the mixture by the following steps: heating the mixture in a furnace to a first temperature, simultaneously establishing a partial vacuum in the furnace of from about 213 to 2 [times] 10[sup 4] Pa, simultaneously providing flowing oxygen at a pressure from about 266 to 1300 Pa to the furnace, heating the mixture to at least 750[degrees]C, simultaneously controlling the rate of evolution of CO[sub 2] from the mixture as the mixture is heated, maintaining the mixture at 750[degrees]C for a period of time sufficient for CO[sub 2] evolution to cease and for the reaction of the mixture to go to completion forming a ceramic material, cooling the ceramic material to a third temperature, and increasing the pressure of the oxygen inmore » the furnace to about ambient and soaking the ceramic in the oxygen for a period of time sufficient for the superconducting material to form.« less
ElectroTutor (2018)

A wide variety of tools for creating physical computing systems have been developed, but getting started in this domain remains challenging for novices. In this paper, we introduce test-driven physical computing tutorials, a novel application of interactive tutorial systems to better support users in building and programming physical computing systems. These tutorials inject interactive tests into the tutorial process to help users verify and understand individual steps before proceeding. We begin by presenting a taxonomy of the types of tests that can be incorporated into physical computing tutorials. We then present ElectroTutor, a tutorial system that implements a range of tests for both the software and physical aspects of a physical computing system. A user study suggests that ElectroTutor can improve users' success and confidence when completing a tutorial, and save them time by reducing the need to backtrack and troubleshoot errors made on previous tutorial steps.
A Serendipitous C−C Bond Formation Reaction between Michael Donors and Diiminoquinoid Ring Assisted by Quaternary Ammonium Fluoride (2009)

An efficient C-C bond formation reaction assisted by a fluoride ion has been identified for N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine with the compounds having an active methylene group. The reaction follows the typical Michael addition fashion and proceeds to completion within 1 h at 70 degrees C in acetonitrile in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), while the same reaction failed to proceed in the absence of a fluoride anion. The new finding reported herein also offers an unprecedented method for a direct functionalization of polyaniline backbone with versatile functional alkyl groups.
FLightNNs: Lightweight Quantized Deep Neural Networks for Fast and\n Accurate Inference (2019)

To improve the throughput and energy efficiency of Deep Neural Networks\n(DNNs) on customized hardware, lightweight neural networks constrain the\nweights of DNNs to be a limited combination (denoted as $k\\in\\{1,2\\}$) of\npowers of 2. In such networks, the multiply-accumulate operation can be\nreplaced with a single shift operation, or two shifts and an add operation. To\nprovide even more design flexibility, the $k$ for each convolutional filter can\nbe optimally chosen instead of being fixed for every filter. In this paper, we\nformulate the selection of $k$ to be differentiable, and describe model\ntraining for determining $k$-based weights on a per-filter basis. Over 46\nFPGA-design experiments involving eight configurations and four data sets\nreveal that lightweight neural networks with a flexible $k$ value (dubbed\nFLightNNs) fully utilize the hardware resources on Field Programmable Gate\nArrays (FPGAs), our experimental results show that FLightNNs can achieve\n2$\\times$ speedup when compared to lightweight NNs with $k=2$, with only 0.1\\%\naccuracy degradation. Compared to a 4-bit fixed-point quantization, FLightNNs\nachieve higher accuracy and up to 2$\\times$ inference speedup, due to their\nlightweight shift operations. In addition, our experiments also demonstrate\nthat FLightNNs can achieve higher computational energy efficiency for ASIC\nimplementation.\n
Dietary medium chain triglycerides for management of epilepsy: New data from human, dog, and rodent studies (2021)

Many studies show that glucose metabolism in epileptic brain areas can be impaired. Energy is crucial to maintain normal brain function, including ion and neurotransmitter balances. Energy deficits can lead to disruption of ion gradients, which can trigger neuronal depolarization and generation of seizures. Thus, perturbed metabolic processing of glucose in epileptogenic brain areas indicates a specific nutritional need for people and animals with epilepsy, as they are likely to benefit from auxiliary brain fuels other than glucose. Ketogenic diets provide the ketone bodies acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, which can be used as auxiliary fuel by the brain. In approximately 50% children and adults with certain types of epilepsy, who can tolerate and maintain these dietary regimens, seizure frequency can be effectively reduced. More recent data demonstrate that addition of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), which provide the medium chain fatty acids octanoic and decanoic acid, as well as ketone bodies as auxiliary brain energy, can be beneficial in rodent seizure models, and dogs and humans with epilepsy. Here, this evidence is reviewed, including tolerance in 65% of humans, efficacy studies in dogs, possible anticonvulsant mechanisms of actions of MCTs, and specifically decanoic acid as well as metabolic and antioxidant mechanisms. In conclusion, MCTs are a promising adjunct to standard pharmacological treatment for both humans and dogs with epilepsy, as they lack central nervous system side effects found with current antiepileptic drugs. There is now a need for larger clinical trials in children, adults, and dogs to find the ideal composition and doses of MCTs and the types of epilepsy that respond best.
Large‐Scale Purification of Tissue‐Type Plasminogen Activator from Cultured Human Cells (1988)

Abstract Plasminogen activators of both urokinase‐type (u‐PA) and tissue‐type (t‐PA) have been found in conditioned medium of cultured human fibroblasts. To purify t‐PA, the total PA activity from hectoliter quantities of conditioned medium was first concentrated with about 10‐fold increase in specific activity via zinc chelate‐sepharose affinity chromatography. Three different methods were employed in an attempt to separate t‐PA from u‐PA: (a) concanavalin A‐sepharose affinity chromatography; (b) fibrin‐celite affinity chromatography; and (c) immunoaffinity chromatography using anti‐tPA monoclonal antibody immobilized on sepharose. Of the three methods, only the monoclonal antibody procedure effected complete separation of the two enzymes. t‐PA was subsequently purified to homogeneity using size exclusion, high performance liquid chromatography followed by p‐aminobenzamidine‐agarose affinity chromatography.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of new alkylphospholipids containing modifications of the phosphocholine moiety. (1989)

New antitumor alkylglycerophospholipids, in which primarily the phosphocholine moiety of the platelet activating factor (PAF) molecule was modified, were synthesized from 1-alkyl-2-substituted glycerols by introducing polar head phosphoryl groups having methylene bridges of various lengths (from 2 to 14 carbons). They were tested for PAF agonistic activity and antitumor properties. In a series of 1-octadecyl-2-acetoacetylglycerophospholipids (1a-f), an increase in the length of the methylene bridge separating the phosphate and trimethylammonio group in the polar head side chain at position 3 of the glycerol backbone resulted in a progressive decrease in PAF agonistic activity and a characteristic change in antitumor activity against human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60). Maximal potency was obtained with the compound having a decamethylene bridge (1e, IC50 value = 1.5 microgram/ml). Thus, alkylphospholipids possessing a decamethylene bridge and a variety of substituents at position 2 (1g-n) were synthesized. They showed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 1.9 micrograms/ml, depending on the nature of the 2-substituent in the phospholipid molecule. In in vivo tests of the present series of alkylglycerophospholipids (1a--n), using mice bearing sarcoma 180 and mice with mammary carcinoma MM46 (both cells and compounds were given i.p.), 1-octadecyl-2-acetoacetyl-3-glyceryl omega-trimethylammoniodecyl phosphate (1e) showed the most potent life-prolonging effect. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
A Convenient Synthetic Route to 2,2′-Biimidazole (1986)

Convenient two step procedures for the synthesis of 2,2′-biimidazole (3)and its dihydrochloride salt (4) starting with bis-methylimidate (1) in an overall yield of 72 and 83%, respectively, are reported. Bis-methylimidate(1) was treated with two equivalents of aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal underacid-catalyzed conditions to provide bis-N-(2,2-dimethoxyethylacetamidine)dihydrochioride (2) in 84% yield. Fusion of 2 with an equivalent of p toluenesulfonic acid at 200°C gave 3 in 86% yield. Alternatively, 2 was refluxed with 5 molar hydrochloric acid to provide 4 as well as 3 in combined yield of 99%. Evidence is presented for the intermediacy of 2-[4(5)-methoxy-2-imidazolyl]imidazole (5) in the formation of the title compound. Water-soluble 4 is converted to 3 by treatment with potassium carbonate.
A Novel Design for a Low-Backscatter Optical Aperture (2001)

Abstract : Conventional flat aperture designs introduce error and noise in optical/electro-optical applications when the aperture is placed in close proximity to a light source located within the system. Rays that are reflected off the blocked portion of The aperture and then are reflected again off of the light source and reenter the optical path introduce this error. A novel design for a low-backscatter aperture has been introduced and validated for a light measurement application. The new concept is predicated on a V- or cone-shaped aperture design that uses the law of reflection to direct blocked light rays away from the optical path. A light source application was used to validate the new design.
Lithium Ion Conducting Lithium Sulfur Oxynitride Thin Film (2004)

hin-film solid electrolytes, lithium sulfur oxynitride (Lison), were fabricated by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering under various gas compositions. Composition of the thin film was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry...
Lateral Motion Control of a Vehicle Using the Rear Steer: Simulation Study (2015)

The lateral motion control is a key element for automated driving vehicle technology. Typically, the front steering system has been used as the primary actuator for vehicle lateral motion control. Alternatively, this paper presents a new method of the lateral motion control using a rear steer. When combined with the front steer actuator, the rear steer can generate more dynamically responsive turning of the vehicle. In addition, the rear steer can be used as a secondary back up actuator when the front steer actuator fails to operate during automated driving mode. Similar to the prior research that has used the front steer actuator for the lateral control, the control methodology presented in this paper maintains the same hierarchical framework, i.e., sensor fusion, path prediction, path planning, and motion control. Since the rear steer is in play for the vehicle lateral motion control, the equations for the path prediction and vehicle dynamics are re-derived with non-zero front steer and rear steer angles. Combined with the rear steering dynamics, the model predictive control (MPC) technique is applied for motion error minimization. This paper describes the theoretical part of the algorithm, and provides simulation results to show effectiveness of the algorithm. Future work will include vehicle implementation, testing, and evaluation.