gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical architecture for area-efficient integratedN-portmemories with latency-free multi-gigabit per second access bandwidth (1999)

A two-level hierarchy is exploited for an area-efficient integrated N-port memory architecture, based on 1-port memory cells. The architecture is applicable to all types of dynamic, static and nonvolatile memory. It allows simultaneous read/write access from all ports, with access-rejection probability adjustable to application needs.
Glycoside Hydrolase Gene Cluster of <i>Acidothermus cellulolyticus</i> (2003)

We previously reported a highly thermostable endoglucanase EI from culture filtrates of Acidothermus cellulolyticus (U.S. Patent 5,536,655). In this study, additional 13-kb A. cellulolyticus genomic DNA downstream of EI was sequenced by using genomic library screening, primer walking and twostep inverse PCR techniques. Sequence analysis has revealed a glycoside hydrolase gene cluster, which contains at least five open reading frames (ORFs), encoding EI (Cel5A), Cel6ACell2A, Cel5B, Cel48A and Cel74A. Based on the sequence homology of deduced amino acid sequence, Cel6A-Cel12A contains two catalytic domains, glycoside hydrolase family 6 and 12 (GH6 and GH12), and two Carbohydrate-Binding Modules (CBM) belonging to families 2 and family 3, respectively. Cel5B contains a GH5 catalytic domain at its Nterminal and family 2 and 3 CBM at its C-terminal. Cel48A contains a family 3 CBM, a GH48 and a family 2 CBM domains. Cel74A contains a GH74 and a family 3 CBM. The catalytic domains of all these enzymes have been cloned and expressed in E. coli. The characterization of expressed enzymes is ongoing. These novel potential thermostable enzymes found in this study may prove useful in biomass conversion and other industrial applications.
Inorganic Cation Exchange Properties of Zeolite ZSM-5 (1983)

The discovery of the zeolite ZSM-5 has led to the development of catalysts for a wide variety of process applications in petroleum refining, petrochemical manufacture and synthetic fuels. In order to further elucidate the structural characteristics and the basic chemical nature of this most interesting material the ion exchange characteristics have been studied for a wide spectrum of cations using a variety of morphological and compositional forms of the zeolite. The results of this study have shown the ion selectivities to be considerably different from those of the conventional synthetic zeolites A, X and Y. Up to the limit of cation size capable of penetration of the ZSM-5 pore opening, the selectivity for inorganic cations was primarily dependent upon base ion size rather than charge. These cation selectivities are explained in terms of electrostatic forces and pore dimensions of the zeolite and are related to the shape selective catalytic and adsorptive properties of catalysts made from ZSM-5.
Immunochemical heterogeneity of human plasma high density lipoproteins. Identification with apolipoprotein A-I- and A-II-specific monoclonal antibodies. (1985)

Three mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and one specific for human apo-A-II were characterized with respect to their binding of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in solution. The apo-A-II-specific antibody bound 85% of 125I-HDL and 100% of soluble 125I-apo-A-II. However, none of the apo-A-I-specific antibodies bound greater than 60% of either HDL or soluble apo-A-I. Technical issues such as limiting amounts of antibody or antigen, radioiodination of the ligands, unavailability of the epitopes for reaction with antibody, selective binding of apo-A-I isoforms, and individual allotypic differences in apo-A-I were not responsible for the observed incomplete binding of all HDL and apo-A-I. The results suggested the existence of intrinsic immunochemical heterogeneity of apo-A-I both as organized on HDL as well as in free apo-A-I in solution. The validity of this observed heterogeneity was supported by demonstrating that (i) increased binding of HDL occurred when each of the apo-A-I antibodies was combined to form an oligoclonal antibody mixture, and (ii) 100% binding of HDL occurred when two apo-A-I antibodies were combined with the single apo-A-II antibody. To understand the basis for the heterogeneity of expression of apo-A-I epitopes on HDL, two hypotheses were examined. The first hypothesis that these apo-A-I antibodies distinguished apo-A-I molecules from different synthetic sources was not substantiated. Two of the antibodies bound epitopes on apo-A-I molecules in both thoracic duct lymph as an enriched source of intestinal HDL and the culture supernatants of the hepatic cell line Hep G2 as a source of hepatic HDL. The second hypothesis that the antibodies identified differences in the expression of apo-A-I on HDL subpopulations that were distinguished on the basis of size or net particle charge, i.e. organizational heterogeneity, appeared to provide the best available explanation for the immunochemical heterogeneity of apo-A-I in HDL. Relative differences in the expression of three distinct apo-A-I epitopes were demonstrated in HDL subpopulations obtained by either density gradient ultracentrifugation or chromatofocusing. In light of these studies, we conclude that there is intrinsic heterogeneity in the expression of intramolecular loci representing the apo-A-I epitopes identified by our monoclonal antibodies. Such heterogeneity must be considered in analysis of the biology and physiology of apo-A-I and lipoprotein particles bearing this chain.
Observation of injection locking in an optomechanical rf oscillator (2008)

Injection locking of a radiation-pressure optomechanical oscillator is demonstrated through external modulation of the optical pump power near the optomechanical oscillation frequency. It is shown that the frequency and phase of a microtoroidal optomechanical oscillator can be locked to those of an electronic oscillator (or any other signal) that can modulate the optical input power and whose frequency is within the lock range.
Detection of Backdoors in Trained Classifiers Without Access to the Training Set (2019)

Recently, a special type of data poisoning (DP) attack targeting Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifiers, known as a backdoor, was proposed. These attacks do not seek to degrade classification accuracy, but rather to have the classifier learn to classify to a target class whenever the backdoor pattern is present in a test example. Launching backdoor attacks does not require knowledge of the classifier or its training process - it only needs the ability to poison the training set with (a sufficient number of) exemplars containing a sufficiently strong backdoor pattern (labeled with the target class). Here we address post-training detection of backdoor attacks in DNN image classifiers, seldom considered in existing works, wherein the defender does not have access to the poisoned training set, but only to the trained classifier itself, as well as to clean examples from the classification domain. This is an important scenario because a trained classifier may be the basis of e.g. a phone app that will be shared with many users. Detecting backdoors post-training may thus reveal a widespread attack. We propose a purely unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) defense against imperceptible backdoor attacks that: i) detects whether the trained DNN has been backdoor-attacked; ii) infers the source and target classes involved in a detected attack; iii) we even demonstrate it is possible to accurately estimate the backdoor pattern. We test our AD approach, in comparison with alternative defenses, for several backdoor patterns, data sets, and attack settings and demonstrate its favorability. Our defense essentially requires setting a single hyperparameter (the detection threshold), which can e.g. be chosen to fix the system's false positive rate.
Genotypic Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates for Amikacin and Kanamycin Resistance by Use of a Rapid Sloppy Molecular Beacon-Based Assay Identifies More Cases of Low-Level Drug Resistance than Phenotypic Lowenstein-Jensen Testing (2014)

Resistance to amikacin (AMK) and kanamycin (KAN) in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is largely determined by specific mutations in the rrs gene and eis gene promoter. We developed a rapid, multiplexed sloppy molecular beacon (SMB) assay to identify these mutations and then evaluated assay performance on 603 clinical M. tuberculosis DNA samples collected in South Korea. Assay performance was compared to gold-standard phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, including Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) absolute concentration, mycobacterial growth indicator tubes (MGIT), and TREK Sensititre MycoTB MIC plate (MycoTB) methods. Target amplicons were also tested for mutations by Sanger sequencing. The SMB assay correctly detected 115/116 mutant and mixed sequences and 487/487 wild-type sequences (sensitivity and specificity of 99.1 and 100%, respectively). Using the LJ method as the reference, sensitivity and specificity for AMK resistance were 92.2% and 100%, respectively, and sensitivity and specificity for KAN resistance were 87.7% and 95.6%, respectively. Mutations in the rrs gene were unequivocally associated with high-level cross-resistance to AMK and KAN in all three conventional drug susceptibility testing methods. However, eis promoter mutations were associated with KAN resistance using the MGIT or MycoTB methods but not the LJ method. No testing method associated eis promoter mutations with AMK resistance. Among the discordant samples with AMK and/or KAN resistance but wild-type sequence at the target genes, we discovered four new mutations in the whiB7 5' untranslated region (UTR) in 6/22 samples. All six samples were resistant only to KAN, suggesting the possible role of these whiB7 5' UTR mutations in KAN resistance.
Theory of porous wall capillary tubes for flowing gas lasers (1975)

Flowing gas capillary lasers exhibit high optical gains. However, as a result of the linear axial pressure variation in the tube bore, gain and saturation intensities are not axially uniform. This pressure variation can be reduced by introducing the gas into the tube bore through the walls of a porous capillary tube. Analysis of the gas flow shows that the axial pressure variation in the porous wall tubes is more gradual than for dense wall tubes leading to more uniform gain conditions. The saturation intensity is more uniform not only due to the reduced pressure anisotropy but also, at higher flow rates, because of axially varying particle dwell times in the discharge region.
A Fully Distributed Reactive Power Optimization and Control Method for Active Distribution Networks (2015)

This paper presents a fully distributed reactive power optimization algorithm that can obtain the global optimum solution of nonconvex problems for distribution networks (DNs) without requiring a central coordinator. Second-order conic relaxation is used to achieve exact convexification. A fully distributed second-order cone programming solver (D-SOCP) is formulated corresponding to the given division of areas based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, which is greatly simplified by exploiting the structure of active DNs. The problem is solved for each area with very little interchange of boundary information between neighboring areas. D-SOCP is extended by using a varying penalty parameter to improve convergence. A proof of its convergence is also given. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated via numerical simulations using the IEEE 69-bus, 123-bus DNs, and a real 1066-bus distribution system.
A new antitumor antibiotic, FR-900482. II. Production, isolation, characterization and biological activity. (1987)

FR-900482 is a new antitumor antibiotic produced by a new actinomyces named Streptomyces sandaensis No. 6897. It exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against various tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, it has weak antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.
Computational focus-tunable near-eye displays (2016)

Immersive virtual and augmented reality systems (VR/AR) are entering the consumer market and have the potential to profoundly impact our society. Applications of these systems range from communication, entertainment, education, collaborative work, simulation and training to telesurgery, phobia treatment, and basic vision research. In every immersive experience, the primary interface between the user and the digital world is the near-eye display. Thus, developing near-eye display systems that provide a high-quality user experience is of the utmost importance. Many characteristics of near-eye displays that define the quality of an experience, such as resolution, refresh rate, contrast, and field of view, have been significantly improved in recent years. However, a significant source of visual discomfort prevails: the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). This visual conflict results from the fact that vergence cues, but not focus cues, are simulated in near-eye display systems. Indeed, natural focus cues are not supported by any existing near-eye display. Afforded by focus-tunable optics, we explore unprecedented display modes that tackle this issue in multiple ways with the goal of increasing visual comfort and providing more realistic visual experiences.
Novel Potential Treatment Modalities for Ocular Hypertension: Focus on Angiotensin and Bradykinin System Axes (2015)

Despite the availability of modern surgical procedures, new drug delivery techniques, health authority-approved single topical ocular drugs, and combination products thereof, there continues to be an unmet medical need for novel treatment modalities for preserving vision. This is especially true for the treatment of glaucoma and the high risk factor often associated with this ocular disease, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Undesirable local or systemic side effects, frequency of dosing, lack of sustained IOP lowering, and lack of prevention of diurnal IOP spikes are among the greatest challenges. The very recent discovery, characterization, and publication of 2 novel IOP-lowering agents that pertain to the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin axes potentially offer novel means to treat and control ocular hypertension (OHT). Here, some contextual introductory information is provided first, followed by more detailed discussion of the properties and actions of diminazene aceturate (DIZE; a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 activator) and FR-190997 (a nonpeptide bradykinin receptor-2 agonist) in relation to their anti-OHT activities in rodent and cynomolgus monkey eyes, respectively. It is anticipated that these compounds will pave the way for future discovery, development, and marketing of novel drugs to treat glaucoma and thus help save sight for millions of people afflicted with this slow progressive optic neuropathy.
Do terminal deletions of 11q23 exist? Identification of undetected translocations with fluorescence in situ hybridization (1993)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on bone marrow or peripheral blood cells thought to contain a del(11)(q23q25) from four patients who had acute leukemia or myelodysplasia. Cells from all patients were shown to contain translocations that involved chromosome 6 in three of them. Our data suggest that a large proportion of presumptive del(11)(q23) or del(11)(q23q25) chromosomes may represent previously unidentified translocations that can be detected by FISH.
Switchable holograms for displays and telecommunications (2001)

Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals are materials used to make switchable holograms exhibiting electrically controllable diffraction efficiency. Such devices form the building blocks for several applications in displays and telecommunications. Several demanding requirements are placed on switchable holograms for these applications, such as high diffraction efficiency, wide on/off dynamic range, polarization sensitivity control, low switching voltage and power consumption, high speed, uniformity and reliability, low cost, and manufacturability. One phenomenon affecting overall performance is polymer shrinkage. We focus on the effects of this on polarization dependence, index modulation, and chirp. Experimental and theoretical results are presented.
3D reconstruction and visualisation of the inner surface of the colon from spiral CT data (2002)

A technology is presented called 3D virtual colonoscopy, which incorporates several advanced visualization techniques to enable the physician to virtually examine the inner surface of the entire colon for identifying and inspecting colonic polyps. We first describe our unique process of acquiring and reconstructing a patient's colon model, followed by the novel visualization algorithms that we have developed to provide automatic planned navigations as well as interactive guided navigations inside the colon. Finally, we present our experimental results on a simulated plastic pipe phantom, the Visible Human data set, and patient data.
Compression of stereoscopic video using MPEG-2 (1995)

Many current as well as emerging applications in areas of entertainment, remote operations, manufacturing industry and medicine can benefit from the depth perception offered by stereoscopic video systems which employ two views of a scene imaged under the constraints imposed by human visual system. Among the many challenges to be overcome for practical realization and widespread use of 3D/stereoscopic systems are good 3D displays and efficient techniques for digital compression of enormous amounts of data while maintaining compatibility with normal video decoding and display systems. After a brief introduction to the basics of 3D/stereo including issues of depth perception, stereoscopic 3D displays and terminology in stereoscopic imaging and display, we present an overview of tools in the MPEG-2 video standard that are relevant to our discussion on compression of stereoscopic video, which is the main topic of this paper. Next, we outilne the various approaches for compression of stereoscopic video and then focus on compatible stereoscopic video coding using MPEG-2 Temporal scalability concepts. Compatible coding employing two different types of prediction structures become potentially possible, disparity compensated prediction and combined disparity and motion compensated predictions. To further improve coding performance and display quality, preprocessing for reducing mismatch between the two views forming stereoscopic video is considered. Results of simulations performed on stereoscopic video of normal TV resolution are then reported comparing the performance of two prediction structures with the simulcast solution. It is found that combined disparity and motion compensated prediction offers the best performance. Results indicate that compression of both views of stereoscopic video of normal TV resolution appears feasible in a total of 6 to 8 Mbit/s. We then discuss regarding multi-viewpoint video, a generalization of stereoscopic video. Finally, we describe ongoing efforts within MPEG-2 to define a profile for stereoscopic video coding, as well as, the promise of MPEG-4 in addressing coding of multi-viewpoint video.
Constant-Quality Rate Control Algorithm for Multiple Encoders with Single Video Source (2006)

In this paper, we develop a constant-quality rate control algorithm for a surveillance system that consists of one "base encoder" for encoding a down-sampled full-view version of the input video sequence and one "region of interest (ROI) encoder" for encoding the region of interest of the input video at the original resolution. Exploiting the inter-relationship between these two independent encoders, the bits for the ROI encoder are allocated according to the distortion obtained from the base encoder. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the image quality variation. The overall quality is improved and the bit-rate is saved as compared to the rate control algorithm in JM 8.4
Secreted P‐glycoprotein is a noninvasive biomarker of chronic rhinosinusitis (2016)

NA Laryngoscope, 127:E1-E4, 2017.
Anchor text extraction for academic search (2009)

Anchor text plays a special important role in improving the performance of general Web search, due to the fact that it is relatively objective description for a Web page by potentially a large number of other Web pages. Academic Search provides indexing and search functionality for academic articles. It may be desirable to utilize anchor text in academic search as well to improve the search results quality. The main challenge here is that no explicit URLs and anchor text is available for academic articles. In this paper we define and automatically assign a pseudo-URL for each academic article. And a machine learning approach is adopted to extract pseudo-anchor text for academic articles, by exploiting the citation relationship between them. The extracted pseudo-anchor text is then indexed and involved in the relevance score computation of academic articles. Experiments conducted on 0.9 million research papers show that our approach is able to dramatically improve search performance.
The U <sub>S</sub> 3 Protein Kinase Blocks Apoptosis Induced by the <i>d</i> 120 Mutant of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 at a Premitochondrial Stage (2001)

Earlier studies have shown that the d120 mutant of herpes simplex virus 1, which lacks both copies of the alpha4 gene, induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. Apoptosis was also induced by the alpha4 rescuant but was blocked by the complementation of rescuant with a DNA fragment encoding the U(S)3 protein kinase (R. Leopardi and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:9583-9587, 1996, and R. Leopardi, C. Van Sant, and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7891-7896, 1997). To investigate its role in the apoptotic cascade, the U(S)3 open reading frame was cloned into a baculovirus (Bac-U(S)3) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter. We report the following. (i) Bac-U(S)3 blocks processing of procaspase-3 to active caspase. Procaspase-3 levels remained unaltered if superinfected with Bac-U(S)3 at 3 h after d120 mutant infection, but significant amounts of procaspase-3 remained in cells superinfected with Bac-Us3 at 9 h postinfection with d120 mutant. (ii) The U(S)3 protein kinase blocks the proapoptotic cascade upstream of mitochondrial involvement inasmuch as Bac-U(S)3 blocks release of cytochrome c in cells infected with the d120 mutant. (iii) Concurrent infection of HEp-2 cells with Bac-U(S)3 and the d120 mutant did not alter the pattern of accumulation or processing of ICP0, -22, or -27, and therefore U(S)3 does not appear to block apoptosis by targeting these proteins.
Prevention of deadlocks and livelocks in lossless backpressured packet networks (2003)

No packets will be dropped inside a packet network, even when congestion builds up, if congested nodes send backpressure feedback to neighboring nodes, informing them of unavailability of buffering capacity-stopping them from forwarding more packets until enough buffer becomes available. While there are potential advantages in backpressured networks that do not allow packet dropping, such networks are susceptible to a condition known as deadlock in which throughput of the network or part of the network goes to zero (i.e., no packets are transmitted). In this paper, we describe a simple, lossless method of preventing deadlocks and livelocks in backpressured packet networks. In contrast with prior approaches, our proposed technique does not introduce any packet losses, does not corrupt packet sequence, and does not require any changes to packet headers. It represents a new networking paradigm in which internal network losses are avoided (thereby simplifying the design of other network protocols) and internal network delays are bounded.