gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Privacy (2014)

Online services such as web search and e-commerce applications typically rely on the collection of data about users, including details of their activities on the web. Such personal data is used to enhance the quality of service via personalization of content and to maximize revenues via better targeting of advertisements and deeper engagement of users on sites. To date, service providers have largely followed the approach of either requiring or requesting consent for opting-in to share their data. Users may be willing to share private information in return for better quality of service or for incentives, or in return for assurances about the nature and extend of the logging of data. We introduce \emph{stochastic privacy}, a new approach to privacy centering on a simple concept: A guarantee is provided to users about the upper-bound on the probability that their personal data will be used. Such a probability, which we refer to as \emph{privacy risk}, can be assessed by users as a preference or communicated as a policy by a service provider. Service providers can work to personalize and to optimize revenues in accordance with preferences about privacy risk. We present procedures, proofs, and an overall system for maximizing the quality of services, while respecting bounds on allowable or communicated privacy risk. We demonstrate the methodology with a case study and evaluation of the procedures applied to web search personalization. We show how we can achieve near-optimal utility of accessing information with provable guarantees on the probability of sharing data.
A Physical-Layer Collision Awared All-Optical Time Slice Routing Optimization Method for High Reliable Low-Latency Communication in Transmission and Computing Resource Integration Networks (2022)

To provide determined network services, including high bandwidth, low data loss, low latency, and low jitter services, to transmission and computing resource integration networks, a novel routing optimization method is proposed. Based on physical-layer collision awareness and transparent packet duplication, delay and deletion, high-reliability and low-latency all-optical communication can be achieved. In addition, this method has the potential to be adapted to rapidly time-varying topologies and link lengths in wireless optical networks. In this paper, the processing and distribution of data packets in this routing optimization method are described; a structure of the all-optical switching node for supporting this routing optimization method is presented; and the influence of switching node performance, such as the maximum cache time, the maximum multicast packet number and the perception latency, on end-to-end availability are analyzed by simulation.
Anode Catalysts for Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cells: From Laboratory Test to an Electric Vehicle (2014)

Abstract Novel highly active electrocatalysts for hydrazine hydrate fuel cell application were developed, synthesized and integrated into an operation vehicle prototype. The materials show in both rotating disc electrode (RDE) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests the world highest activity with peak current density of 16 000 A g −1 (RDE) and 450 mW cm −2 operated in air (MEA).
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (2005)

Magnetic recording is expected to become core technology in a multi-billion dollar industry in the in the very near future. Some of the most critical discoveries regarding perpendicular write and play
Tetrasomy is induced by human papillomavirus type 18 E7 gene expression in keratinocyte raft cultures. (2001)

We have demonstrated previously that oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce basal cell tetrasomy in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. To identify HPV genes and growth conditions involved in this process, we analyzed: (a) organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes transfected with whole HPV-18 genomes; and (b) organotypic raft cultures acutely infected with recombinant retroviruses expressing the HPV-18 E6, E7, or E6/E7 genes from the differentiation-dependent HPV-18 enhancer-promoter. Cultures were examined for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and for karyotype by interphase cytogenetics. Tetrasomy occurred in the suprabasal strata of raft cultures expressing E7 and E6/E7 but not in those expressing E6 alone or in a control culture. These data indicate that suprabasal tetrasomy occurs in association with expression of the E7 gene alone. Basal cell tetrasomy was additionally observed in the raft culture transfected with whole HPV-18 genomes, consistent with observations in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The distribution of tetrasomic cells in these raft cultures may reflect the involvement of additional viral genes or possibly differences in the pattern of viral oncogene and host gene expression.
Orthogonal frequency division multiple access PON (OFDMA-PON) for colorless upstream transmission beyond 10 Gb/s (2010)

In this paper, we overview the fundamental principles of next-generation optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-PON systems, with a particular focus on upstream architectures capable of achieving 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> Gb/s colorless upstream transmission. We also propose a novel OFDMA-PON architecture that satisfies these requirements and is capable of exceeding 10 Gb/s upstream transmission over a single wavelength. It is first analytically shown that optical carrier suppression at the optical network units (ONUs) combined with coherent detection at the optical line terminal (OLT) successfully eliminates both in- and cross-polarization beating noise that would otherwise be generated at the OLT and would fundamentally limit upstream transmission performance. A centralized light source OFDM-based PON architecture with source-free ONUs and OLTside coherent detection is then presented and experimentally verified to achieve 20 Gb/s/λ transmission over a class B+ optical distribution network (20 km SSMF with an additional 1:32 optical split.) By thus providing very high-speed, flexible, colorless upstream transmission, the proposed architecture is an attractive candidate for next-generation PON systems capable of cost-efficiently delivering heterogeneous services.
Investigation of the Drug Binding Properties and Cytotoxicity of DNA-Capped Nanoparticles Designed as Delivery Vehicles for the Anticancer Agents Doxorubicin and Actinomycin D (2012)

Oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were designed and synthesized to be delivery vehicles for the clinically used anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and actinomycin D (ActD). Each vehicle contains a tailorable number of DNA duplexes, each possessing three high-affinity sequences for the intercalation of either DOX or ActD, thus allowing for control of drug loading. Drug binding was evaluated by measuring changes to DNA melting temperature, T(m), hydrodynamic diameter, D(h), and surface plasmon resonance wavelength, λ(spr), with drug loading. These studies indicate that DOX intercalates at its high-affinity sequence bound at the AuNP, and that ActD exhibits relatively weaker binding to its preferred sequence. Agarose gel electrophoresis further confirmed drug binding and revealed that particle mobilities inversely correlate with D(h). The equilibrium binding constant, K, and dissociation rate constant, β, were determined by dialysis. Results indicate that the high negative electrostatic potential within the DNA shell of the particle significantly decreases β and enhances K for DOX but has little effect on K and β for ActD. The cytotoxicity of the vehicles was studied, with IC(50) = 5.6 ± 1.1 μM and 46.4 ± 9.3 nM for DOX-DNA-AuNP and IC(50) = 0.12 ± 0.07 μM and 0.76 ± 0.46 nM for ActD-DNA-AuNP, in terms of drug and particle concentrations, respectively.
Insulin expression in pancreatic islet cells relies on cooperative interactions between the helix loop helix factor E47 and the homeobox factor STF-1. (1994)

The development of endocrine cell types within the pancreas is thought to involve the progressive restriction of pluripotential stem cells, which gives rise to the four major cell types: insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin-, and pancreatic polypeptide-expressing cells. The mechanism by which these peptide hormone genes are induced and then either maintained or repressed during development is unknown, but their coexpression in early precursor cells suggests the involvement of common regulatory factors. Here we show that the somatostatin transcription factor STF-1 is also a principal regulator of insulin expression in beta-cells of the pancreas. STF-1 stimulates the insulin gene by recognizing two well defined islet-specifying elements on the insulin promoter and by subsequently synergizing in trans with the juxtaposed helix-loop-helix protein E47. Within the STF-1 protein, an N-terminal trans-activation domain functions cooperatively with E47 to stimulate insulin transcription. As truncated STF-1 polypeptides lacking the N-terminal activation domain strongly inhibit insulin promoter activity in beta-islet cells, our results suggest that the specification of islet cell types during development may be in part determined by the expression of STF-1 relative to other islet cell factors.
Stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation and two-channel adaptive filtering: an overview (2000)

Stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation (SAEC), has been studied since the early 1990s. Because of spatial realism, two-channel audio is now becoming more interesting in a number of hands-free applications such as teleconferencing, multi-participant desktop conferencing, and televideo gaming. From a theoretical point of view, SAEC differs considerably from traditional mono echo cancellation since the normal equation to be solved by the adaptive algorithm is singular. Of course, this also affects the practical considerations that have to be made when designing a SAEC system, e.g. choice of adaptive algorithm. This paper reviews the basic theory behind SAEC, solutions to the singularity problem, and a number of classical two-channel adaptive algorithms suited to the problem. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
50 and 100 GHz multichannel tunable chromatic dispersion slope compensator (2004)

A novel grating-based multichannel tunable dispersion compensator is reported. The dispersion is settable on a per-channel basis to match a given dispersion slope. Both the absolute dispersion and the dispersion slope can be tuned thermally.
Modeling distribution of geological properties using local continuity directions (2010)

We present an innovative technology for 3D volumetric modeling of geological properties, using a Maximum Continuity Field. The method provides the user unique opportunity to a) directly control the local continuity directions, b) interactively operate with “geologically intuitive” datasets and c) retain the maximum fidelity of geological model by postponing the creation of grid/mesh until the final stage of static model building. We validate the method by modeling a permeability distribution in a fluvial system of complex synthetic field‐ case.
A Monofunctional Platinum Complex Coordinated to a Rhodium Metalloinsertor Selectively Binds Mismatched DNA in the Minor Groove (2015)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a bimetallic complex derived from a new family of potent and selective metalloinsertors containing an unusual Rh-O axial coordination. This complex incorporates a monofunctional platinum center containing only one labile site for coordination to DNA, rather than two, and coordinates DNA nonclassically through adduct formation in the minor groove. This conjugate displays bifunctional, interdependent binding of mismatched DNA via metalloinsertion at a mismatch as well as covalent platinum binding. DNA sequencing experiments revealed that the preferred site of platinum coordination is not the traditional N7-guanine site in the major groove, but rather N3-adenine in the minor groove. The complex also displays enhanced cytotoxicity in mismatch repair-deficient and mismatch repair-proficient human colorectal carcinoma cell lines compared to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin, and it triggers cell death via an apoptotic pathway, rather than the necrotic pathway induced by rhodium metalloinsertors.
Polydiscamide A: a new bioactive depsipeptide from the marine sponge Discodermia sp (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolydiscamide A: a new bioactive depsipeptide from the marine sponge Discodermia spNanda K. Gulavita, Sarath P. Gunasekera, Shirley A. Pomponi, and Elise V. RobinsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6, 1767–1772Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00032a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00032a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Protective effect of diallyl sulfone against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice (1996)

Diallyl sulfone (DASO2) is a metabolite of diallyl sulfide, a compound derived from garlic. The present study investigated the effect of DASO2 as a protective agent against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Oral administration of DASO2 protected mice against the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When administered 1 hour prior to, immediately after, or 20 minutes after a toxic dose of APAP, DASO2 at a dose of 25 mg/kg completely protected mice from development of hepatotoxicity, as indicated by liver histopathology and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Protective effect was observed when DASO2 at a dose as low as 5 mg/kg was given to mice 1 hour prior to APAP administration. Oral administration of DASO2 to mice 1 hour prior to a toxic dose of APAP significantly inhibited the APAP-induced glutathione depletion in the liver. DASO2 treatment also decreased the levels of oxidative APAP metabolites in the plasma without affecting the concentrations of nonoxidative APAP metabolites. In liver microsomes, 0.1 mM of DASO2 caused a 60% decrease in the rate of APAP oxidation to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, which was determined as glutathione conjugate. This inhibitory effect is mainly due to its inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 activity; with an IC50 value equal to 0.11 mM. DASO2 also slightly inhibited the activities of P450s 3A and 1A, with IC50 values > 5 mM. Furthermore, a single oral dose of DASO2 inactivated P450 2E1- and P450 1A-dependent activities in liver microsomes. The results suggest that the protective effect of DASO2 against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is due to its ability to block acetaminophen bioactivation mainly by the inactivation and inhibition of P450 2E1.
Growth of Gallium Nitride by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Points on HVPE Introduction Pirnciple of HVPE Use of HVPE Problems Associated with GaN Growth Thermodynamical Study Thermodynamical Characteristics Partition Functions of the Molecules Calculation of the Partial Pressures Thermodynamical Study of the GaN Deposit Kinetic Study Introduction Relations Between the {001} GaAs and (00.1) GaN Epitaxy Statistical Treatment of the Dynamic Equilibrium Surface-Vapor Phase Mass-Transfer Phase Crystal Growth Phase H2 Growth Mechanism GaCl3 Growth Mechanism Spiral Growth of an Exact (00.1) Face, Burton-Cabrera-Frank Mechanism Search for the Model Parameters Search for the Mass Transfer and Parasitic Nucleation Effects New Mechanism of Growth at Negative Values of γ Experimental Results Third Growth Mechanism Discussion Results Conclusions References
Amino-Substituted 2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-dibenz[de,h]isoquinoline-1,3-diones. Synthesis, Antitumor Activity, and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (1995)

Sets of 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H- dibenz[de,h]isoquinoline-1,3-diones with amino and actylamino groups at each of the eight positions on the anthracene nucleus were synthesized from appropriately substituted anthracenes. Their evaluation in in vitro antitumor and cardiotoxicity assays revealed a very strong dependence of potency on the position of substitution. Certain compounds, including the 4-, 5-, 7-, and 9-amino derivatives, showed significantly higher potency than the unsubstituted parent compound, azonafide. Among them, 7-aminoazonafide had low cardiotoxicity relative to cytotoxicity. In general, the acetylamino analogues were less potent than the amino derivatives against tumor cells and neonatal rat heart myocytes; however, 5-(acetylamino)azonafide was highly cardiotoxic. 9-Aminoazonafide was more efficacious than azonafide or amonafide against P388 leukemia in mice. Statistically significant correlations were made between the ability of amino analogues to increase the transition melt temperature (delta Tm) of DNA and their potency against solid tumors, leukemia cells, or cardiac myocytes.
Improved Micromachined Transducers (1994)

Sensor systems of proposed type incorporate micromachined silicon-based structures as electrostatic force and displacement actuators and micromachined quantum-mechanical-tunneling electrodes as one form of displacement transducers, along with electronic circuits providing multiple electrical stimuli to displacement electrodes for measurement, calibration, monitoring of sensor status, and adjustment. Concept applicable to accelerometers, seismometers, geophones, magnetometers, pressure gauges, and other sensors in which phenomena of interest measured in terms of forces on, and/or displacements of, structural components. Provides completely remote measurement, control, health monitoring, treatment, and like, using telemetry commands.
<title>Application of blurring filters to improve detection of invisible image watermarks</title> (2003)

Earlier, we presented a highly robust invisible watermarking method having a payload of one bit -- indicating the presence or absence of the watermark. Other invisible watermarking methods also possess this property. Our method, by design, places a major portion of the scant energy of the watermark into the low spatial frequencies of the watermarked image while leaving the higher spatial frequencies, contributed by the original image, largely unaltered. In this paper we will show that application of <i>blurring filters</i> to a presumed watermarked image before attempting watermark detection can improve the probability of detection. Blurring filters, because they suppress high spatial frequencies, are generally quite destructive of image quality. However, for a watermark which has dominant low frequency content, the application of a blurring filter can serve to improve the statistical environment for watermark detection and thereby improves detection probability. This is especially true for detections attempted from scans of printed images. The halftone screening process used in preparing images for printing adds significant high frequency noise to the printed image, and that noise is detrimental to watermark detection. Application of a rudimental blurring filter to a watermarked image before detection will be demonstrated showing that increased amounts of blurring improve the probability of watermark detection. However, the amount of blurring can not be increased without limit, and the amount of beneficial blurring will be shown to be related to the amount of low-pass filtering used in constructing the watermark.
Discovery and Engineering of Low Work Function Perovskite Materials (2021)

Materials with low work functions are critical for an array of applications requiring the facile removal or efficient transport of electrons through a device. Perovskite oxides are a promising class of materials for finding low work functions, and here we target applications in thermionic and field electron emission. Perovskites have highly malleable compositions which enable tunable work function values over a wide range, robust stability at high temperatures, and high electronic conductivities. In this work, we screened over 2900 perovskite oxides in search of stable, conductive, low-work-function materials using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. Our work provides insight into the materials chemistry governing the work function value of a perovskite, where materials with barely filled d bands possess the lowest work functions. Our screening has resulted in a total of seven promising compounds, such as BaMoO3 and SrNb0.75Co0.25O3 with work functions of 1.1 eV and 1.5 eV, respectively. These promising materials and others presented in this study may find use as low work function electron emitters in high power vacuum electronic and thermionic energy conversion devices. Moreover, the database of calculated work functions and materials chemistry trends governing the value of the work function may aid in the engineering of perovskite heterojunction devices.
Sapphire optical fiber-based interferometer for high temperature environmental applications (1995)

Describes the development and testing of an extrinsic sapphire fiber-based sensor design intended for use in high-temperature environments, including the processing environments of advanced high-temperature materials and the in-situ operational environments of high-temperature adaptive materials and structures. In this sensor, a length of uncoated, unclad, single-crystal optical-quality multimode sapphire fiber is fusion-spliced to a single-mode silica fiber. Another sapphire fiber is placed end-to-end with the first sapphire fiber, so that the two adjacent end-faces of the sapphire fibers form a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. This sensor is demonstrated to be useful for both strain and temperature measurement, with a 10-microstrain resolution over a range of 0-1150 microstrain, and a 3.5 degrees C temperature resolution over a range from 150 to 650 degrees C.
Crossover networks and their optical implementation (1988)

Crossover networks are introduced as a new type of interconnection network for applications in optical computing, optical switching, and signal processing. Crossover networks belong to the class of multistage interconnection network. Two variations are presented, the half-crossover network and the full crossover network. An optical system which implements both networks is proposed and demonstrated. Crossover networks can be implemented using the full space-bandwidth product of the optical system with minimal loss of light. It is shown that crossover networks are isomorphic to other multistage networks such as the Banyan and perfect shuffle.