gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and cDNA sequencing of endoxyloglucan transferase, a novel class of glycosyltransferase that mediates molecular grafting between matrix polysaccharides in plant cell walls. (1993)

Endoxyloglucan transferase is a novel class of glycosyltransferase recently purified from Vigna angularis (Nishitani, K,, and Tominaga, R. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21058-21064). This enzyme is the first transferase identified that catalyzes molecular grafting between polysaccharide cross-links in the cell wall matrix and participates in reconstruction of the network structure in the cell wall. Based on the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence information of the purified transferase, we have here cloned and sequenced cDNAs derived from five different plant species, V. angularis, Triticum aestivum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, and Glycine max. In the five plant species, the amino acid sequence of the mature proteins is conserved in the range of 71-90% throughout their length. The consensus sequence for N-linked glycosylation, and four cysteine residues are all conserved in the five species. Thus, the endoxyloglucan transferase protein is ubiquitous among higher plants. The highly conserved DNA sequence will serve as a promising tool for exploring the molecular process by which cell wall construction, and hence cell growth, is regulated.
Dual electron injector structure (1980)

Experimental results are presented which show for the first time that stacked chemically vapor-deposited insulator combinations such as Si-rich-SiO2–SiO2–Si-rich-SiO2 sandwiched between Si or metal electrodes can be tailored to give any desired injection current characteristic for positive and negative voltage biases. The Si-rich-SiO2–SiO2 interfaces give enhanced electron injection into the SiO2 layer. By modifing this interface and the Si-rich SiO2 layer (for example, by changing its Si content), current voltage characteristics for each of the two interfaces of the Si-rich SiO2 injecting material with the SiO2 layer can be modified as desired. These dual electron injector structures DEIS’s are discussed with respect to optimizing the write and erase characteristics of nonvolatile semiconductor memories using a floating polycrystalline-silicon storage layer with a DEIS sandwiched in between it and a control gate.
Engineering of absorbing medium for quantum dot infrared photodetectors (2013)

Quantum well infrared photodetectors are widely used in focal plane arrays operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Compared to quantum-well structures, quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials are more flexible to control photoelectron processes by engineering of the nanoscale potential profiles formed by charged quantum dots. Quantum dots with builtin charge (Q-BIC) suppress capture of photoelectrons by QDs and provide strong coupling to infrared radiation. We review design approaches, fabrication and characterization of photodetectors based on Q-BIC media with strong selective doping to increase the built-in dot charge. Characterization of Q-BIC media includes the structural, spectral (photoluminescence measurements) and electrical characterization (dark current, I-V measurements). After several design-growth-characterization cycles we reached relatively high density of quantum dots, small concentration of defects related to quantum dot growth, and suppressed carrier capture by QDs. Optimized Q-BIC media were used for fabrication of Q-BIC IR photodetectors. We studied spectral and temperature dependences of photoresponse and also its dependences on bias voltage and parameters of Q-BIC medium.
Domain Transfer for 3D Pose Estimation from Color Images without Manual Annotations (2018)

We introduce a novel learning method for 3D pose estimation from color images. While acquiring annotations for color images is a difficult task, our approach circumvents this problem by learning a mapping from paired color and depth images captured with an RGB-D camera. We jointly learn the pose from synthetic depth images that are easy to generate, and learn to align these synthetic depth images with the real depth images. We show our approach for the task of 3D hand pose estimation and 3D object pose estimation, both from color images only. Our method achieves performances comparable to state-of-the-art methods on popular benchmark datasets, without requiring any annotations for the color images.
Eigen-decomposition-based models for model OPC (2004)

Model based optical proximity correction (OPC) to enhance image fidelity and process robustness has become one of the most critical components that enable optical lithography tackling 45nm node and beyond. To meet the challenges imposed by the previously unthinkable low k<sub>1</sub> for manufacturing with most stringent dimension control requirements, a capable model OPC to meet such an aggressive lithography challenges has been urgently called upon. In addition to providing better accuracy for the currently implemented process technologies, the new model OPC must work well with Chromeless Phase Lithography (CPL) in which the topography on the mask is rather significant, and Double Dipole Lithography (DDL) in which two masks and two exposures are needed. It must also be able to intelligently take into account the effect from the more aggressive illuminations, such as customer designed illuminator and experimental measured illuminator profile from the scanners. This capability is very important since the real illuminator pupil can impact OPC accuracy. The physical and mathematical foundation of the model must be well thought of to meet the requirement for the above-mentioned applications. We have developed a novel Eigen Decomposition Model (EDM) for model OPC treatment applicable for all types of advanced binary and phase-shifting masks. Together with a full 2D model calibration and verification methodology, the results from this new model OPC have proven to achieve a superb CD accuracy with versatile capabilities for extreme low k<sub>1</sub> imaging application. This report will explain how the model works with example applications and actual wafer results.
Long-lived photoinitiated charge separation in carotene-diporphyrin triad molecules (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLong-lived photoinitiated charge separation in carotene-diporphyrin triad moleculesDevens Gust, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. Moore, Feng Gao, David Luttrull, Janice M. DeGraziano, Xiaochun C. Ma, Lewis R. Makings, Seung Joo Lee, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 3638–3649Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electro-Oxidation of Urea on NiOOH Electrode (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Progression to Fatty Acid Profiling of Edible Fats and Oils Using Vibrational Spectroscopy (2001)

Abstract The contributions of vibrational spectroscopy (FT‐mid‐IR, FT‐Raman, and FT‐NIR) in the analyses of edible fats and oils have been reviewed. The major contributions of FT‐mid‐IR and FT‐Raman have been in structural analysis and for quantitative determination of total unsaturation, trans fat and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The current method of choice for fatty acid (FA) determination is GC; however it is time consuming, uses solvents, and FA must be converted to methyl esters before analysis. A rapid spectroscopic method is needed to determine both the FA composition and total trans content to meet current regulatory compliance for labeling purposes. FT‐mid‐IR and FT‐Raman lack the specificity of GC for FA determinations, while FT‐NIR is able to determine the concentration of all FAs using predeveloped spectral models based on accurate GC results. The biological activity of different FA isomers differs; some are harmful while others may have health benefits. This applies specifically to the CLA and trans isomers, since only rumenic acid (9 c 11 t ‐CLA) and its precursor vaccenic acid (11 t ‐18:1) have reported health benefits. Therefore, the current trans regulation may need to be revised to reflect the reality of the scientific evidence. The FT‐NIR method is well equipped to selectively exclude or include specific FAs for labeling purposes because it determines the complete FA composition.
Biodegradable Polymer Grafts for Surgical Repair of the Injured Spinal Cord (2002)

PURPOSE Biodegradable polymers have been used in the surgical repair of peripheral nerves, but their potential for use in the central nervous system has not been exploited adequately. This article discusses concepts related to the engineering of a biodegradable polymer graft for surgical repair of the injured spinal cord and explores the potential means by which such a device might promote axon regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. CONCEPT A biodegradable polymer implant with controlled microarchitecture can be engineered, and its composition can be optimized for implantation in the spinal cord. RATIONALE The use of a biodegradable polymer implant has the dual advantages of providing a structural scaffold for axon growth and a conduit for sustained-release delivery of therapeutic agents. As a scaffold, the microarchitecture of the implant can be engineered for optimal axon growth and transplantation of permissive cell types. As a conduit for the delivery of therapeutic agents that may promote axon regeneration, the biodegradable polymer offers an elegant solution to the problems of local delivery and controlled release over time. Thus, a biodegradable polymer graft would theoretically provide an optimal structural, cellular, and molecular framework for the regrowth of axons across a spinal cord lesion and, ultimately, neurological recovery. CONCLUSION Biodegradable polymer grafts may have significant therapeutic potential in the surgical repair of the injured spinal cord. Further research should be focused on the bioengineering, characterization, and experimental application of these devices.
Micro/Nano Patterened Integrated Electrochemical Sensors for Implantable Applications (2013)

Electrochemical sensors are important candidates for\nautonomous integrated sensing applications. Such sensors\ncan provide accurate and long-term measurements of\nmultiple analyte for applications in complex environments\ne.g. in body fluids. As such sensors are made smaller and\nneed to be fully integrated, special approaches need to be\ntaken in order to achieve functional sensitivity, stability,\nand longevity. Here, we provide details of CMOS\ncompatible, integrated design and fabrication of these\nsensors on very small scales using micro/nano scale\nfabrication and surface modification techniques. We also\npresent in situ functionalization and novel interface design\ntechniques. We also provide a comparison between\nintegrated reference electrodes fabricated using CMOS\ncompatible fabrication techniques. Finally, we show\nexamples of sensing Glucose and DNA concentration in\nbiological samples.
Identification and Expression of a Missense Mutation (Y446C) in the Acid Sphingomyelinase Gene from a Japanese Patient with Type A Niemann-Pick Disease. (1995)

Types A and B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder, are caused by deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). The recent identification of mutations in ASM gene causing types A and B NPD has led to the investigation of the phenotypic heterogeneity and the ethnic distribution of this disease, especially in Ashkenazi Jewish population. To characterize the mutations causing NPD in Japanese population, we analyzed the genomic sequence of ASM from a Japanese patient with type A NPD by PCR amplification and sequencing. A new mutation, Y446C, was identified. The authenticity of this lesion was demonstrated by the expression of the Y446C allele in COS-1 cells. No residual ASM activity was detected from the expression of the Y446C.
A DISTRIBUTED IN SITU SYSTEM FOR SNOW WATER EQUIVAL ENCE MEASUREMENT (WORK IN PROGRESS) (2008)

ABSTRACT: We describe a ground-based system that provides quasi real-time measurement and collection of snow-water equivalent (SWE) data in remote settings. The system is significantly cheaper and easier to deploy than current methods and is more robust to terrain and snow bridging effects. The system also enjoys several possible remote data recovery solutions. Compared to current infrastructure using existing technology, our system features will combine to allow more sites to be installed for the same cost and effort, in a greater variety of terrain, enabling data collection at improved spatial resolutions. The system integrates a new computational architecture with new sensor technologies. Our computational architecture is based on wireless sensor networks, comprised of programmable, low-cost, low-powered nodes capable of sophisticated sensor control and remote data communication. Our sensor technology works by measuring attenuation of electromagnetic radiation, an approach that is immune to snow bridging and significantly reduces sensor footprints. 1.
API-Based and Information-Theoretic Metrics for Measuring the Quality of Software Modularization (2006)

We present in this paper a new set of metrics that measure the quality of modularization of a non-object-oriented software system. We have proposed a set of design principles to capture the notion of modularity and defined metrics centered around these principles. These metrics characterize the software from a variety of perspectives: structural, architectural, and notions such as the similarity of purpose and commonality of goals. (By structural, we are referring to intermodule coupling-based notions, and by architectural, we mean the horizontal layering of modules in large software systems.) We employ the notion of API (application programming interface) as the basis for our structural metrics. The rest of the metrics we present are in support of those that are based on API. Some of the important support metrics include those that characterize each module on the basis of the similarity of purpose of the services offered by the module. These metrics are based on information-theoretic principles. We tested our metrics on some popular open-source systems and some large legacy-code business applications. To validate the metrics, we compared the results obtained on human-modularized versions of the software (as created by the developers of the software) with those obtained on randomized versions of the code. For randomized versions, the assignment of the individual functions to modules was randomized
GaN-based terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2015)

III-nitride semiconductors having huge longitudinal optical phonon energies are promising as materials to solve a problem of "development of operational frequency range (5-12 THz)" on THz-QCLs. In this study, for the purpose of THz lasing from target subband levels, we designed unique quantum cascade (QC) structures whose active regions consisted of two quantum wells (QWs) for one period and the number of wave-functions contributed to lasing is limited to minimum 3 subband levels. (i.e., Pure 3-level laser system). We fabricated THz-QCLs with QC structures of a pure 3- level laser system (100-200 periods) through a radio-frequency molecular beam epitaxy (RF-MBE) and a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on MOCVD-growth AlGaN/AlN templates grown on c-plane sapphire substrates. Clear satellite peaks in XRD analyses could be observed, indicating that layer structures were stacked with a good periodicity. By comparing data with simulation spectra, it was found that error of film thicknesses were 1-3 %. We observed sharp lasing spectra with peaks at frequencies of ~5.5 THz and ~7.0 THz whose full width at half maximum (FWHM) values were close to those of resolution of FTIR spectrometer, when we tried pulse current injection measurements into THz-QCL devices. We successfully for the first time realized GaN-based THz-QCL devices lasing at almost the same frequencies as the target ones by designing a 2QWs-type QC structure with a pure 3-level laser system. We also successfully achieved lasing at ~5.5 and ~7.0 THz, which are highest reported to date for any kinds of THz- QCLs.
Optical detection and monitoring of pigmented skin lesions (2017)

A method is presented for discriminating between malignant and benign pigmented skin lesions based on multispectral and multi-angle images. It is discussed how to retrieve maps of physiology properties and morphometric parameters from recorded images using a bio-optical model, radiative transfer calculations, and nonlinear inversion, and how to employ automated zooming to extract lesion and surrounding masks. Training and validation of a classification scheme for separation between benign and malignant tissue yielded sensitivity/specificity ranging from 97%/97% for application to a small dataset comprised of lesions not used for training and validation to 99%/93% for application to a larger dataset.
Normally Off AlGaN/GaN Low-Density Drain HEMT (LDD-HEMT) With Enhanced Breakdown Voltage and Reduced Current Collapse (2007)

We report a low-density drain high-electron mobility transistor (LDD-HEMT) that exhibits enhanced breakdown voltage and reduced current collapse. The LDD region is created by introducing negatively charged fluorine ions in the region between the gate and drain electrodes, effectively modifying the surface field distribution on the drain side of the HEMT without using field plate electrodes. Without changing the device physical dimensions, the breakdown voltage can be improved by 50% in LDD-HEMT, and the current collapse can be reduced. No degradation of current cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) and slight improvement in power gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) are achieved in the LDD-HEMT, owing to the absence of any additional field plate electrode
Outage probability of space-time network coding with amplify-and-forward relays (2013)

This paper analyzes the outage probability of space-time network coding (STNC) with amplify-and-forward (AF) relays in a cooperative relaying system, where multiple sources transmit their information to a common destination with the help of multiple AF relays in time-division multiple-access (TDMA) mode. We derive an approximate closed-form expression of the outage probability for STNC with an arbitrary number of AF relays for independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results validated our analysis. Moreover, with the developed result, we also discuss the impact of the transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the outage threshold, the number of relays and the nonorthogonal codes on the system performance.
Comparative analysis of equalization techniques for STBC with application to EDGE (2005)

We describe and compare three practical equalization schemes for space-time block coded transmissions with and without outer channel coding. The three schemes extend the original symbol-level schemes developed for flat-fading channels to a block-level implementation either in the time or frequency domain. The considered schemes are applied to the EDGE-TDMA system and their performances are compared under both perfect and estimated channel conditions. Various practical aspects of implementation are also addressed.
A validated whole-blood RNA transcript-based prognostic model that predicts survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. (2012)

4516 Background: Survival for patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is highly variable. We developed a whole blood RNA transcript-based model as a prognostic biomarker in CRPC. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 62 men with CRPC in a training set and from 140 patients with CRPC in a validation set on various treatment regimens. A panel of 168 inflammation and prostate cancer-related genes was evaluated using optimized quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess biomarkers predictive of survival. A 2-class proportional hazard model was developed from time of CRPC diagnosis and time of blood draw. Results: A 6-gene model (consisting of ABL2, SEMA4D, ITGAL, and C1QA, TIMP1, CDKN1A) separated CRPC patients into two classes: higher risk men who died within 2·2 years of developing CRPC and lower risk men who lived over 2·2 years (log rank p=0·00083). The results were similar regardless of the survival time definition (CRPC diagnosis versus blood draw) and did not depend on whether they received chemotherapy in addition to hormone treatment. The model successfully validated in an independent cohort of men with CRPC (p= 0.000001·7). Conclusions: Transcriptional profiling of whole blood yields critical prognostic information in men with CRPC independent of treatment. The 6-gene model suggests possible dysregulation of the immune system, a finding that warrants further study. This model may play an important role in patient counseling, in patient stratification for clinical trials, and potentially as a predictive biomarker for immune-based therapeutic strategies.
Combinatorially Selected Peptides for Protection of Soybean Against <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> (2010)

Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the fungal pathogen that causes Asian soybean rust, has the potential to cause significant losses in soybean yield in many production regions of the United States. Germplasm with durable, single-gene resistance is lacking, and control of rust depends on timely application of fungicides. To assist the development of new modes of soybean resistance, we identified peptides from combinatorial phage-display peptide libraries that inhibit germ tube growth from urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi. Two peptides, Sp2 and Sp39, were identified that inhibit germ tube development when displayed as fusions with the coat protein of M13 phage or as fusions with maize cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (ZmCKX1). In either display format, the inhibitory effect of the peptides on germ tube growth was concentration dependent. In addition, when peptides Sp2 or Sp39 in either format were mixed with urediniospores and inoculated to soybean leaves with an 8-h wetness period, rust lesion development was reduced. Peptides Sp2 and Sp39, displayed on ZmCKX1, were found to interact with a 20-kDa protein derived from germinated urediniospores. Incorporating peptides that inhibit pathogen development and pathogenesis into breeding programs may contribute to the development of soybean cultivars with improved, durable rust tolerance.