gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh Resolution Spectroscopy Across the Visible to Infrared Spectrum Using Multi-Mode Interference in a Compact Tapered Fiber (2014)

Optical spectroscopy is a fundamental tool in numerous areas of science and technology. Much effort has focused on miniaturizing spectrometers, but thus far at the cost of high spectral resolution and broad operating range. Here, we describe a compact spectrometer without this trade-off. The device relies on imaging multi-mode interference from leaky modes along a highly multimode tapered optical fiber, resulting in spectrally distinguishable images that form a basis for reconstructing an incident light spectrum. This tapered fiber multimode interference spectrometer enables the acquisition of broadband spectra in a single camera exposure with a measured resolution of 40 pm in the visible spectrum and 10 pm in the infrared spectrum, which are comparable to the performance of grating spectrometers. Spectroscopy from 500 nm to 1600 nm is demonstrated, though operation across the entire transparency window of silica fibers is possible. Multimode interference spectroscopy of leaky modes is suitable in a variety of device geometries, including planar waveguides in a broad range of transparent materials. We anticipate that this technique will greatly expand the availability of high-performance spectroscopy in a wide range of applications.
Digital Processing of Scanned Negatives (1998)

Qian Lin, Daniel Tretter Imaging Systems Laboratory HP Laboratories Palo Alto HPL-97-16(R.1) July 6, 2004* image processing, negativesOne source of high quality digital image data is scanned photographic negatives, which can be processed to produce high quality color images. The scanned data must be inverted and processed to adjust for the film and scene characteristics. This report details a proposed approach to processing scanned negatives to produce output color images suitable for viewing on a computer monitor or for printing. Our processing pipeline contains an adaptive stage that automatically adjusts the white and black point according to the image characteristics. Other stages invert the scanned data and adjust the midtone values. Finally, a postprocessing stage is used to detect dark and backlit scenes, which are then brightened. The pipeline has been tested on several hundred scanned negatives using two different film scanners.
Abstract 338: A novel small molecule inhibitor of the Notch transcription activation complex (2016)

Abstract NOTCH signaling is a developmental pathway known to play critical roles during embryonic development as well as for the regulation of self-renewing tissues. Aberrant activation of NOTCH signaling leads to deregulation of the self-renewal process resulting in sustained proliferation, evasion of cell death, loss of differentiation capacity, invasion and metastasis, all of which are hallmarks of cancer. Over activation of NOTCH in human cancers can be a consequence of over expression of NOTCH ligands/receptors, GOF mutations in NOTCH receptors as well as chromosomal translocations leading to constitutive activation of the pathway. Given the importance of Notch signaling in human cancers, several therapeutic approaches have been utilized to block NOTCH signaling. Two of these strategies are; a) the use of monoclonal blocking antibodies (Mabs) against NOTCH ligands and receptors and b) the use of small molecule γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs). However, these approaches can only be effective if tumor cells express full-length ligand or receptor molecules. On the contrary, in human cancers harbouring NOTCH gene fusion due to chromosomal translocations, the use of Mabs and GSIs will have very limited clinical benefits. A third, yet not fully explored approach could be the blockage of NOTCH signalling by targeting the most downstream event in the NOTCH cascade i,e NOTCH transcriptional activation complex using small molecule inhibitors. Here we report discovery and identification of a novel, orally-active small molecule inhibitor, named CB-103, of the NOTCH pathway that blocks NOTCH signaling by targeting the NOTCH transcriptional activation complex in the nucleus. CB-103 has shown the ability to block NOTCH signalling in human cancer cell lines, induce neurogenic phenotype in drosophila, induce muscle cell differentiation and inhibit NOTCH dependent cellular processes in mice. In addition, CB-103 exhibit anti-tumor efficacy in a xenograft model of human triple negative breast cancer resistant to GSIs and Mabs against NOTCH ligands/receptors. Furthermore, CB-103 has shown a remarkable activity in PDX models of human T-ALL harbouring activation of the NOTCH pathway. Additional studies are underway on several analogs of CB-103 to determine ADME/PK/PD profile and nominate a development candidate for further clinical development of this novel inhibitor of the NOTCH pathway. Citation Format: Rajwinder Lehal, Viktoras Frismantas, Sylvain Loubéry, Viktoria Reinmuller, Gerardo Turcatti, Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan, Jean-Pierre Bourquin, Freddy Radtke. A novel small molecule inhibitor of the Notch transcription activation complex. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 338.
Loss of the BH3-only protein Bmf impairs B cell homeostasis and accelerates γ irradiation–induced thymic lymphoma development (2008)

Members of the Bcl-2 protein family play crucial roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by regulating apoptosis in response to developmental cues or exogenous stress. Proapoptotic BH3-only members of the Bcl-2 family are essential for initiation of cell death, and they function by activating the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and/or Bak, either directly or indirectly through binding to prosurvival Bcl-2 family members. Bax and Bak then elicit the downstream events in apoptosis signaling. Mammals have at least eight BH3-only proteins and they are activated in a stimulus-specific, as well as a cell type-specific, manner. We have generated mice lacking the BH3-only protein Bcl-2-modifying factor (Bmf) to investigate its role in cell death signaling. Our studies reveal that Bmf is dispensable for embryonic development and certain forms of stress-induced apoptosis, including loss of cell attachment (anoikis) or UV irradiation. Remarkably, loss of Bmf protected lymphocytes against apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids or histone deacetylase inhibition. Moreover, bmf(-/-) mice develop a B cell-restricted lymphadenopathy caused by the abnormal resistance of these cells to a range of apoptotic stimuli. Finally, Bmf-deficiency accelerated the development of gamma irradiation-induced thymic lymphomas. Our results demonstrate that Bmf plays a critical role in apoptosis signaling and can function as a tumor suppressor.
Automated assignment and scheduling of service personnel (1994)

When a major appliance or office machine breaks down, the vendor usually sends a field service technician to do the repairs. This sounds simple enough, but when the company has hundreds of field personnel covering a large area, and thousands of incoming calls each day, coordinating assignments and scheduling service workers can be a logistical nightmare. When a call comes into a traditional automated field service network, the person taking the call creates a call order in a database application called a service management system, or SMS. The author discusses the 3M Sage Decision Optimizer that works at the back end of an existing system for dispatching field service technicians. The embedded component combines optimization and constrained heuristic search to schedule resources better than in either manual or existing automated methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estimation-theoretic approach to delayed prediction in scalable video coding (2010)

Scalable video coding (SVC) employs inter-frame prediction at the base and/or the enhancement layers. Since the base layer can be encoded/decoded independent of the enhancement layers, we consider here the potential gains when prediction at the enhancement layers is delayed to accumulate and incorporate additional future information from the base layer. We build on two basic estimation-theoretic (ET) approaches developed by our group: an ET approach for enhancement layer prediction that optimally combines current base layer with prior enhancement layer information, and our recent ET approach for delayed decoding. The proposed technique fully exploits all the available information from the base layer, including any future frame information, and past enhancement layer information. It achieves considerable gains over zero-delay techniques including both standard SVC, and SVC with optimal ET prediction (but with zero encoding delay).
Cross-Component Prediction in HEVC (2015)

Video coding in the YCbCr color space has been widely used, since it is efficient for compression, but it can result in color distortion due to conversion error. Meanwhile, coding in the RGB color space maintains high color fidelity, having the drawback of a substantial bitrate increase with respect to YCbCr coding. Cross-component prediction (CCP) efficiently compresses video content by decorrelating color components while keeping high color fidelity. In this scheme, the chroma residual signal is predicted from the luma residual signal inside the coding loop. This paper gives a description of the CCP scheme from several points of view, from theoretical background to practical implementation. The proposed CCP scheme has been evaluated in standardization communities and adopted into H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Range Extensions. The experimental results show significant coding performance improvements for both natural and screen content video, while the quality of all color components is maintained. The average coding gains for natural video are 17% and 5% bitrate reduction in the case of intra coding and 11% and 4% in the case of inter coding for RGB and YCbCr coding, respectively, while the average increment of encoding and decoding times in the HEVC reference software implementation are 10% and 4%, respectively.
Vasopressin Analogs That Antagonize Antidiuretic Responses by Rats to the Antidiuretic Hormone (1981)

Four new synthetic analogs of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) can antagonize the antidiuretic response to intravenous vasopressin in anesthetized, water-loaded rats. They also cause a diuresis resembling that of diabetes insipidus when given intraperitoneally to conscious rats. Such antagonists may prove to be useful both pharmacologically and therapeutically.
Achromatic instantaneous Stokes imaging polarimeter (2005)

Simultaneous detection of the Stokes vector and Stokes images over a broad spectrum can be obtained from an achromatic division of amplitude imaging Stokes polarimeter. This is done through the use of a combination of beamsplitters, prisms and achromatic retarders to split the light into four different paths in collimated space and analyze each beam. Once each beam is focused onto the four quadrants of the camera, the Stokes vector, Stokes images and the degree of polarization across the scene can be obtained through the manipulation of the intensities for each image.
Prostate segmentation in 3D TRUS using convex optimization with shape constraint (2013)

An efficient and accurate segmentation of 3D end-firing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images plays a central role in the planning and treatment of 3D TRUS guided prostate biopsy. In this paper, we propose a novel convex optimization based approach to delineate prostate boundaries from 3D TRUS images. The technique makes use of the approximate rotational symmetry of prostate shapes and reduces the original 3D segmentation problem to a sequence of simple 2D segmentation sub-problems by means of rotationally reslicing the 3D TRUS images. In practice, this significantly decreases the computational load, facilitates introducing learned shape information and improves segmentation efficiency and accuracy. For each 2D resliced frame, we introduce a new convex optimization based contour evolution method to locate the 2D slicewise prostate boundary subject to the additional shape constraint. The proposed contour evolution method provides a fully time implicit scheme to move the contour to its globally optimal position at each discrete time, which allows a large evolving time step-size to accelerate convergence. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is implemented on a GPU to achieve a high performance. Quantitative validations on twenty 3D TRUS patient prostate images demonstrate that the proposed approach can obtain a DSC of 93:7 ± 2:5%, a sensitivity of 91:2 ± 3:1%, a MAD of 1:37 ± 0:3mm, and a MAXD of 3:02 ± 0:44mm. The mean segmentation time for the dataset was 18:3 ± 2:5s, in addition to 25s for initialization. Our proposed method exhibits the advantages of accuracy, efficiency and robustness compared to the level set and active contour based methods.
Electrical stimulation of the cochlea for treatment of chronic disabling tinnitus: an open-label trial towards the development of an implantable device (2022)

These findings establish the foundation for the development of an extra-cochlear implantable device that delivers electrical stimulation to the cochlea for the treatment of disabling tinnitus. For patients considering device implantation, trans-tympanic cochlear promontory stimulation can facilitate patient selection. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03759834. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03759834.
Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Autoantibodies: Measurements with a New Immunoprecipitation Assay<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Autoantibodies (Abs) to steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) are a major component of adrenal cortex Abs and are characteristic of autoimmune Addison's disease. We have developed a new method for measuring Abs to 21-OH based on 125I-labeled recombinant human 21-OH produced in yeast. With this assay, 21-OH Abs were detected in 43 of 60 (72%) sera from patients with isolated Addison's disease, 11 of 12 (92%) autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I sera, 27 of 27 (100%) autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II sera, and 24 of 30 (80%) sera from patients who were positive for adrenal cortex antibodies by immunofluorescence but had no overt Addison's disease. 21-OH Abs were found by 125I assay in 4 of 150 (2.7%) sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 1 of 77 (1.3%) Graves' sera, 1 of 67 (1.5%) Hashimoto's sera, and 6 of 243 (2.5%) sera from healthy blood donors. 21-OH Abs were not detected in 9 sera from patients with Addison's disease due to tuberculosis, 32 sera from patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 35 sera from patients with myasthenia gravis, or 17 sera from patients with premature ovarian failure. There was good agreement between the 125I-labeled 21-OH assay and an assay based on 35S-labeled 21-OH produced in an in vitro transcription/translation system (r = 0.86; n = 129; P < 0.001). In the case of sera from patients with Addison's disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's disease and from healthy blood donors that were low positive in the 125I assay, neutralization studies with unlabeled 21-OH confirmed the presence of specific 21-OH Abs. Overall, the 21-OH Ab assay based on 125I-labeled 21-OH showed good sensitivity, precision, and disease group specificity. This, combined with a simple assay protocol and the convenience of 125I handling and counting, make it attractive for routine use. Further investigations with the new assay should allow wider assessment of the prevalence and pattern of inheritance of adrenal autoimmunity. In addition, studies of the effect of treatment or possible preventative measures on 21-OH Ab levels in individuals without overt adrenal failure may suggest ways of delaying the onset of autoimmune Addison's disease.
Multihelix rotating shield brachytherapy for cervical cancer (2015)

H-RSBT is a mechanically feasible delivery technique for use in the curved applicators needed for cervical cancer brachytherapy. S-RSBT and H-RSBT were clinically equivalent for all patients considered, with the H-RSBT technique tending to require less time for delivery.
Sub-15-femtosecond active synchronization of two passively mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillators (2001)

Summary form only given. The ability to synchronize a passively-modelocked laser to an external reference, or to a second laser, has many applications. Previous work synchronizing two mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers has demonstrated timing jitters of at best a few hundred femtoseconds. Since it is now routine to generate pulses with duration <20 fs, improved techniques would make it possible to take full advantage of this time resolution for applications such as sum- and difference-frequency mixing, novel pulse generation and shaping techniques, and for novel laser/accelerator based light sources. This paper presents a new technique that allows us to robustly synchronize pulse trains from separate lasers with a timing jitter of <15 fs. We use two independent mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers, running at 780 nm and 820 nm. Our synchronization scheme consists of three phase lock loops working at different timing resolutions.
Highly Selective Biaryl Cross-Coupling Reactions between Aryl Halides and Aryl Grignard Reagents: A New Catalyst Combination of<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Fluorides (2009)

Combinations of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and fluoride salts of the iron-group metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) have been shown to be excellent catalysts for the cross-coupling reactions of aryl Grignard reagents (Ar(1)MgBr) with aryl and heteroaryl halides (Ar(2)X) to give unsymmetrical biaryls (Ar(1)-Ar(2)). Iron fluorides in combination with SIPr, a saturated NHC ligand, catalyze the biaryl cross-coupling between various aryl chlorides and aryl Grignard reagents in high yield and high selectivity. On the other hand, cobalt and nickel fluorides in combination with IPr, an unsaturated NHC ligand, exhibit interesting complementary reactivity in the coupling of aryl bromides or iodides; in contrast, with these substrates the iron catalysts show a lower selectivity. The formation of homocoupling byproducts is suppressed markedly to less than 5% in most cases by choosing the appropriate metal fluoride/NHC combination. The present catalyst combinations offer several synthetic advantages over existing methods: practical synthesis of a broad range of unsymmetrical biaryls without the use of palladium catalysts and phosphine ligands. On the basis of stoichiometric control experiments and theoretical studies, the origin of the unique catalytic effect of the fluoride counterion can be ascribed to the formation of a higher-valent heteroleptic metalate [Ar(1)MF(2)]MgBr as the key intermediate in our proposed catalytic cycle. First, stoichiometric control experiments revealed the stark differences in chemical reactivity between the metal fluorides and metal chlorides. Second, DFT calculations indicate that the initial reduction of di- or trivalent metal fluoride in the wake of transmetalation with PhMgCl is energetically unfavorable and that formation of a divalent heteroleptic metalate complex, [PhMF(2)]MgCl (M = Fe, Co, Ni), is dominant in the metal fluoride system. The heteroleptic ate-complex serves as a key reactive intermediate, which undergoes oxidative addition with PhCl and releases the biaryl cross-coupling product Ph-Ph with reasonable energy barriers. The present cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by iron-group metal fluorides and an NHC ligand provides a highly selective and practical method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls as well as the opportunity to gain new mechanistic insights into the metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
Automated Data Science for Relational Data (2021)

Feature engineering is a crucial but tedious task that requires up to 80% of the total time in data science projects. A significant challenge is when data consists of tables from different data sources, thus data scientists need to wisely aggregate and join tables while performing feature engineering task. In this work, we demonstrate a novel system called OneBM (One Button Machine), that enables data scientists to increase their efficiency with automated feature engineering for relational data. OneBM takes as input a relational dataset with multiple tables and its entity relation diagram (ERD) which can be declared with a novel, easy-to-use drag-and-drop graphical user interface. The system then automatically identifies and executes relevant joins and aggregates in the data, and generates new features with a rich set of transformations for various types of data including but not limited to time-series, sequences, number sets and itemsets, etc. The generated features then can be used by automated model selection and hyper-parameter optimization algorithms to complete a fully end-to-end automated data science (or AutoDS) workflow. A follow-up user evaluation illustrated how data scientists can perform multi-table feature engineering tasks in minutes using our system, compared to repeatedly coding SQL-like queries to transform and aggregate relational data requiring weeks of manual labor for comparable performance. In the live demos we plan to show two use cases with real-world datasets (video demos are available at the links in the footnote): sale prediction <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and call center user experience <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Pre-registered partcipants can play with these use-cases and the given datasets via Watson Studio on the cloud.
Decorrelation for audio object coding (2017)

Object-based representations of audio content are increasingly used in entertainment systems to deliver immersive and personalized experiences. Efficient storage and transmission of such content can be achieved by joint object coding algorithms that convey a reduced number of downmix signals together with parametric side information that enables object reconstruction in the decoder. This paper presents an approach to improve the performance of joint object coding by adding one or more decorrelators to the decoding process. Listening test results illustrate the performance as a function of the number of decorrelators. The method is adopted as part of the Dolby AC-4 system standardized by ETSI.
Thermal diffusivity of isotopically enriched<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>diamond (1990)

Type-IIA diamond single crystals containing approximately 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ were synthesized and their thermal diffusivities were measured at room temperature by the thermal-wave-mirage technique. The measured value (18.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/s) of the 0.1% $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ crystal was 50% higher than the 1% $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ (natural isotope abundance). This is the highest room-temperature thermal diffusivity of any solid naturally occurring or previously synthesized. The laser damage threshold at 193 nm for the isotopically enriched crystal is more than an order of magnitude higher than that of natural diamond.