gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum-error-probability single-user detection for ISI-impaired narrow-band multiuser systems (2001)

The goal of this contribution is to give some insight into the cochannel interference (CCI) suppression capability of novel symbol-by-symbol-type maximum a posteriori probability single-user receivers for nonspread-spectrum multiuser narrow-band systems impaired by intersymbol interference and CCI. The presented multiuser receivers minimize the error probability in the detection of the desired user message on a per-symbol basis. Practical application environments for the developed detectors can be constituted by Ethernet-type LANs and DSL-based high-throughput links connecting central offices to subscribers.
Analysis of a Sigma–Delta Resistance-to-Digital Converter for Differential Resistive Sensors (2009)

A direct resistance-to-digital converter (RDC) that is suitable for differential resistive sensors is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The RDC presented here provides a digital output that is linearly proportional to the parameter being sensed by a differential resistive sensor possessing either linear or inverse characteristics. The RDC employs the sigma-delta analog-to-digital conversion (Sigma-Delta ADC) principle and, hence, possesses all the advantages and limitations of such an ADC. Analysis shows that the proposed RDC has negligible sensitivity to variations in circuit parameters. Experimental results on a prototype built and tested gave a worst-case error < 0.15%, establishing the efficacy of the proffered RDC.
Improving quality of life--the new target for transplantation. (2001)

The incidence of ESRD continues to increase, particularly in older populations, and is associated with considerable comorbidity and a diminished QOL. Renal replacement therapy has been shown to improve QOL in patients with ESRD, and renal transplantation appears to produce greater improvements in QOL than dialysis. In the years since the first transplantations, the techniques have progressed from experimental to a practical approach to the treatment of end-stage solid organ failure. Substantial advances that have improved both short-term and long-term patient and graft survival have led to a heightened awareness of the need to examine the long-term QOL in transplant recipients. Recent trends show that patients are less concerned with short-term outcomes, such as whether a renal allograft will be lost, and more concerned with anxieties about long-term kidney function and overall health. Side effects associated with immunosuppression in transplantation can impact QOL negatively. The availability of newer immunosuppressants offers the possibility that these agents might be used to improve efficacy and decrease side effects associated with traditional agents, thereby improving QOL. However, healthcare systems will also insist that therapeutic regimens be cost-effective. Much work remains to evaluate new immunosuppressive regimens, although limited early results suggest sirolimus is a promising agent.
Synthesis of Abasic Locked Nucleic Acid and Two<i>seco</i>-LNA Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Hybridization Properties Compared with Their More Flexible DNA Counterparts (2000)

To investigate the structural basis of the unique hybridization properties of LNA (locked nucleic acid) three novel LNA derivatives with modified carbohydrate parts were synthesized and evaluated with respect to duplex stabilities. The abasic LNA monomer (X(L), Figure 1) with the rigid carbohydrate moiety of LNA but no nucleobase attached showed no enhanced duplex stabilities compared to its more flexible abasic DNA counterpart (X, Figure 1). These results suggest that the exceptional hybridization properties of LNA primarily originate from improved intrastrand nucleobase stacking and not backbone preorganization. Two monocyclic seco-LNA derivatives, obtained by cleavage of the C1'-O4' bond of an LNA monomer or complete removal of the O4'-furanose oxygen atom (Z(L) and dZ(L), respectively, Figure 1), were compared to their acyclic DNA counterpart (Z, Figure 1). Even though they are more constrained than Z, the seco-LNA derivatives Z(L) and dZ(L) destabilize duplex formation even more than the flexible seco-DNA monomer Z.
Efficacy and safety of an over-the-counter 1% colloidal oatmeal cream in the management of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children: a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled study (2017)

NCT01326910.
Probing Prefrontal Function in Schizophrenia With Neuropsychological Paradigms (1988)

In a recent series of studies we have attempted to clarify the nature of intellectual impairment in schizophrenia, and in particular, how patterns of dysfunction implicate specific neural systems. First, we found that acute psychotic adolescent patients displayed the same pattern of IQ scores (Performance less than Verbal) as adult chronic schizophrenic patients. We explored this deficit in problem solving by studying the performance of schizophrenic patients after receiving concrete and explicit instructions on how to do the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a task thought to be mediated by prefrontal cortex. We then studied the differential impact such a deficit in problem-solving strategies might have on a task thought to elicit both cognitive (prefrontal) and procedural or motor-skill (basal ganglia) processing. Procedural components appeared to be relatively more intact. We also addressed schizophrenic patients' ability to learn in other (extrafrontal) cognitive domains through verbal memory tasks and block design puzzles. Learning occurred under both conditions. We believe the overall pattern of deficit implicates primarily prefrontal neural systems, though a number of other neuropsychological functions are yet to be surveyed.
Differential Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna (2016)

This communication presents a differential dual-band dual-polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high isolation and low cross polarization using a cross-shaped DR. In the differential DRA, some of the higher order modes are eliminated and electromagnetic fields of each excited mode have no interaction with its corresponding orthogonal mode. Two groups of modes are utilized to realize dual-band characteristic and each group with two orthogonal modes is used to supply dual-polarized function. Differential feeding provides the DRA with suppression of unwanted modes, much higher isolation and lower cross-polarization in both frequency bands, compared with the traditional single-end feeding. The experimental prototypes of the proposed differential DRA and its single-ended counterpart are designed and implemented. The comparison between them is also made in reflection coefficient, isolation, and radiation properties. Both simulated and measured results show significantly improved performance of the proposed differential DRA.
Identification of mineral‐binding peptides that discriminate between chalcopyrite and enargite (2016)

Innovative approaches to the separation of minerals and subsequent extraction of metals are imperative owing to the increasing mineralogical complexity of ore deposits that are difficult or even impossible to separate into slurries or solutions containing only the minerals or metals of interest. Low recovery of metal is typical for these complex deposits leading to significant losses to tailings. In addition, the minerals often contain impurities, some toxic, which are difficult and costly to control or manage during the processing of a concentrate or other mineral product. One example of this complex situation is the significant economic and environmental costs associated with diluting and processing copper concentrates containing arsenic (in the form of the mineral enargite, Cu<sub>3</sub> AsS<sub>4</sub> ) in the production of pure copper. To overcome these separation problems, we have utilized phage display to identify peptides that demonstrate selective recognition of enargite and the arsenic-free copper sulfide, chalcopyrite. Screening of two random peptide phage display libraries resulted in the identification of an enargite-selective peptide with the sequence MHKPTVHIKGPT and a chalcopyrite-selective peptide with the sequence RKKKCKGNCCYTPQ. Mineral-binding selectivity was demonstrated by binding studies, zeta potential determination and immunochemistry. Peptides that have the ability to discriminate between enargite and chalcopyrite provide a greener option for the separation of arsenic containing contaminants from copper concentrates. This represents the first step towards a major advance in the replacement or reduction of toxic collectors as well as reducing the level of arsenic-bearing minerals in the early stages of mineral processing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 998-1005. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma Lipidomic Profiling of Treated HIV-Positive Individuals and the Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction (2014)

Our results demonstrate that HIV-positive patients have significant differences in their plasma lipid profiles compared with healthy HIV-negative controls and that numerous lipid species were significantly associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. This suggests a potential novel application for plasma lipids in cardiovascular risk screening of HIV-positive patients.
Applications of a Modular Interaction Framework for Virtual Reality Testing in a Smart Environment (2013)

Abstract In the future mobile devices will be used for many different purposes in the Factory of the Future, like displaying user-specific location-aware information about production processes, energy flow and resource consumption. The planning of these challenging future factories requires intuitive interactive virtual testing in an immersive environment prior to the building of the plant. In the EU-funded project uTRUSTit we have developed a Virtual Reality interaction framework designed for testing target group specific intuitive user interfaces on mobile devices in the Internet of Things. This developed framework also enables us now to carry out interactive VR application scenarios in the context of the Factory of the Future. In this paper we will describe the requirements and developed functionalities of our framework. We will outline how the framework design and implementation can be adapted, using two exemplary Factory of the Future scenarios; first as an interaction device in an immersive environment for pre-building verification in industrial plant construction it supports extended toolsets; second as an immersive usability test environment that allows testing the reaction of user groups to interface elements depending on location and reaction.
A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact (2017)

Conventional wisdom and the language in international helmet testing and certification standards suggest that appropriate helmet fit and retention during an impact are important factors in protecting the helmet wearer from impact-induced injury. This manuscript aims to investigate impact-induced injury mechanisms in different helmet fit scenarios through analysis of simulated helmeted impacts with an anthropometric test device (ATD), an array of headform acceleration transducers and neck force/moment transducers, a dual high speed camera system, and helmet-fit force sensors developed in our research group based on Bragg gratings in optical fiber. To simulate impacts, an instrumented headform and flexible neck fall along a linear guide rail onto an anvil. The test bed allows simulation of head impact at speeds up to 8.3 m/s, onto impact surfaces that are both flat and angled. The headform is fit with a crash helmet and several fit scenarios can be simulated by making context specific adjustments to the helmet position index and/or helmet size. To quantify helmet retention, the movement of the helmet on the head is quantified using post-hoc image analysis. To quantify head and neck injury potential, biomechanical measures based on headform acceleration and neck force/moment are measured. These biomechanical measures, through comparison with established human tolerance curves, can estimate the risk of severe life threatening and/or mild diffuse brain injury and osteoligamentous neck injury. To our knowledge, the presented test-bed is the first developed specifically to assess biomechanical effects on head and neck injury relative to helmet fit and retention.
Diastereoselective Addition of Amines to Vinyl Sulfone Modified Carbohydrates:  A Highly Flexible Methodology for the Synthesis of New Classes of Deoxyaminosugars (2000)

Methyl 2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O-(phenylmethylene)-3-C-phenylsulfonyl-alpha- D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside (5 alpha) and methyl 2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O-(phenylmethylene)-3-C-phenylsulfonyl- beta-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside (5 beta) have been subjected to Michael addition reaction with various amines to develop a new methodology for the synthesis of new classes of aminosugars. Compound 5 alpha reacted with primary amines to generate gluco- derivatives, but secondary amines produced both gluco- (major) and manno- (minor) isomers. Compound 5 beta, on the other hand, produced only gluco- isomers with both primary and secondary amines. The stereochemical course of addition of some of the amines to 5 alpha and 5 beta are significantly different from that of the addition of amines to 3-nitroenopyranoses. The present route to the syntheses of various aminosugars with gluco- configurations from 5 alpha and 5 beta constitutes a novel method for the introduction of N-monoalkylated and N,N-dialkylated amines to the C-2 carbon of pyranoses in equatorial configurations.
Potentiation of Azidothymidine Cytotoxicity in Cisplatin-resistant Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells (1990)

The combination of cisplatin and AZT was synergistic in a subline (A2780DDP) of human ovarian carcinoma cells resistant to cisplatin, in contrast to the parental carcinoma cell line, A2780S. A2780DDP cells have elevated levels of enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis and repair. If A2780DDP cells respond to cisplatin with an increase in thymidine kinase activity, then AZT may chain terminate newly synthesized DNA. To test this hypothesis, a dual label [( 14C]-thymidine/[3H]-AZT) experiment was designed. A2780 cells were first incubated with [14C]-thymidine to label DNA and measure DNA degradation in response to cisplatin. These [14C]-thymidine labeled A2780 cells were then incubated for short intervals with [3H]-AZT to measure chain termination after cisplatin addition. A2780S cells responded to cisplatin with a modest increase in thymidine turnover and an increase in AZT incorporation. In contrast, A2780DDP cells initially responded to cisplatin treatment with a significant increase in thymidine turnover and a corresponding increase in [3H]-AZT incorporation. This was concomitantly associated with an increase in thymidine kinase mRNA within 2 hr after cisplatin treatment. Thus, the A2780DDP cells had the ability to rapidly turnover DNA, a property effectively exploited by the deoxythymidine analogue, AZT, utilizing the enhanced enzymes of the DNA synthesis and repair complex in A2780DDP cells.
Charge-Lattice Coupling in Hole-Doped <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>LuFe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: The Origin of Second-Order Modulation (2019)

Understanding singularities in ordered structures, such as dislocations in lattice modulation and solitons in charge ordering, offers great opportunities to disentangle the interactions between the electronic degrees of freedom and the lattice. Specifically, a modulated structure has traditionally been expressed in the form of a discrete Fourier series with a constant phase and amplitude for each component. Here, we report atomic scale observation and analysis of a new modulation wave in hole-doped LuFe_{2}O_{4+δ} that requires significant modifications to the conventional modeling of ordered structures. This new modulation with an unusual quasiperiodic singularity can be accurately described only by introducing a well-defined secondary modulation vector in both the phase and amplitude parameter spaces. Correlated with density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, our results reveal that those singularities originate from the discontinuity of lattice displacement induced by interstitial oxygen in the system. The approach of our work is applicable to a wide range of ordered systems, advancing our understanding of the nature of singularity and modulation.
Microcomputed Tomography Characterization of Neovascularization in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications (2008)

Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis have been studied for decades using numerous in vitro and in vivo systems, fulfilling the need to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these processes and to test potential therapeutic agents that inhibit or promote neovascularization. Bone tissue engineering in particular has benefited from the application of proangiogenic strategies, considering the need for an adequate vascular supply during healing and the challenges associated with the vascularization of scaffolds implanted in vivo. Conventional methods of assessing the in vivo angiogenic response to tissue-engineered constructs tend to rely on a two-dimensional assessment of microvessel density within representative histological sections without elaboration of the true vascular tree. The introduction of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has recently allowed investigators to obtain a diverse range of high-resolution, three-dimensional characterization of structures, including renal, coronary, and hepatic vascular networks, as well as bone formation within healing defects. To date, few studies have utilized micro-CT to study the vascular response to an implanted tissue engineering scaffold. In this paper, conventional in vitro and in vivo models for studying angiogenesis will be discussed, followed by recent developments in the use of micro-CT for vessel imaging in bone tissue engineering research. A new study demonstrating the potential of contrast-enhanced micro-CT for the evaluation of in vivo neovascularization in bony defects is described, which offers significant potential in the evaluation of bone tissue engineering constructs.
HLA-DR15 Haplotype and Multiple Sclerosis: A HuGE Review (2007)

An association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, a dense cluster of genes on the short arm of chromosome 6, was first noted over 30 years ago. In Caucasian populations of Northern European descent, the DR15 haplotype (DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602) has been hypothesized to be the primary HLA genetic susceptibility factor for MS. However, studies of other populations have produced varying results. Thus, the authors reviewed the literature for articles on the association between the DR15 haplotype and MS. They identified 72 papers meeting the inclusion criteria: human genetic studies written in English that were published between 1993 and 2004 and that reported allele frequencies for HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DQA1*0102, or HLA-DQB1*0602 or the frequency of the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype. Most of the studies identified used a case-control design (n = 60), while the remainder used a family-based design (n = 22). In most of these papers, investigators reported a higher frequency of the DR15 haplotype and/or its component alleles among MS cases than among controls. However, the authors' confidence in these results is tempered by factors related to study design that may have biased the outcomes.
Segment boundary detection directed attention for online end-to-end speech recognition (2020)

Abstract Attention-based encoder-decoder models have recently shown competitive performance for automatic speech recognition (ASR) compared to conventional ASR systems. However, how to employ attention models for online speech recognition still needs to be explored. Different from conventional attention models wherein the soft alignment is obtained by a pass over the entire input sequence, attention models for online recognition must learn online alignment to attend part of input sequence monotonically when generating output symbols. Based on the fact that every output symbol is corresponding to a segment of input sequence, we propose a new attention mechanism for learning online alignment by decomposing the conventional alignment into two parts: segmentation —segment boundary detection with hard decision—and segment-directed attention —information aggregation within the segment with soft attention. The boundary detection is conducted along the time axis from left to right, and a decision is made for each input frame about whether it is a segment boundary or not. When a boundary is detected, the decoder generates an output symbol by attending the inputs within the corresponding segment. With the proposed attention mechanism, online speech recognition can be realized. The experimental results on TIMIT and WSJ dataset show that our proposed attention mechanism achieves comparable online performance with state-of-the-art models.
Biomimetic Studies Using Artificial Systems. VI. Design and Synthesis of Novel Cyclophanes Having Eight Carboxyl Groups on the Aromatic Rings. (1993)

Novel cyclophanes (9a, b) having eight carboxyl groups on the aromatic rings were designed and synthesized. Macrocyclization of 7a and 7b with 6 was carried out under a high dilution condition to give the corresponding 8a and 8b in 23% and 28% yields, respectively.
Review of Dense Phase CO <sub>2</sub> Technology: Microbial and Enzyme Inactivation, and Effects on Food Quality (2006)

ABSTRACT Dense phase CO 2 (DPCD) is a non‐thermal technology that can inactivate certain microorganisms and enzymes at temperatures low enough to avoid the thermal effects of traditional pasteurization. This technology has been investigated over the past 50 y, particularly in the past 2 decades, and its effects on vegetative cells and spores of various microorganisms including pathogens, spoilage bacteria, yeasts, and molds, and various enzymes of importance to foods have been demonstrated. Many liquid foods retained freshlike sensory, nutritional, and physical properties after DPCD treatment. This article is a review of mechanisms of microbial reduction, enzyme inactivation, DPCD treatment systems, both experimental and commercial, and examples of applications with effects on quality attributes.
Absence of Changes in Metallothionein RNA in the Rat Testes Made Refractory to Cadmium Toxicity by Zinc Pretreatment (1994)

Testicular toxicity and interstitial cell tumours induced by cadmium are prevented by zinc or by low dose cadmium pretreatments. The mechanism of this tolerance is unknown, though metallothionein (MT) is thought to play a role in tissue resistance to cadmium toxicity. Thus, the possible involvement of the testicular MT gene in metal-induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity was studied. Rats were pretreated with zinc (1.0 mmol kg-1, s.c.). Histological examination of the testes indicated such pretreatments prevented the necrotizing effects of subsequent doses of cadmium (20 mumol kg-1, s.c.) administered 24 h later. RNA was extracted from testes or liver 24 h after zinc pretreatment, and analysed by the slot blot technique using the p2A10 cDNA probe to the MT gene. Zinc pretreatment had little effect on MT RNA in the testes, and such pretreatments did not alter testicular cadmium-binding protein capacity. In contrast, RNAs derived from livers of zinc pretreated rats showed marked increases in MT RNA and MT protein. Hence, the testicular MT gene does not appear to play a major role in the induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis generated by zinc.