gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammary Gland Specific Knockdown of the Physiological Surge in Cx26 during Lactation Retains Normal Mammary Gland Development and Function (2014)

Connexin26 (Cx26) is the major Cx protein expressed in the human mammary gland and is up-regulated during pregnancy while remaining elevated throughout lactation. It is currently unknown if patients with loss-of-function Cx26 mutations that result in hearing loss and skin diseases have a greater susceptibility to impaired breast development. To investigate if Cx26 plays a critical role in mammary gland development and differentiation, a novel Cx26 conditional knockout mouse model was generated by crossing Cx26fl/fl mice with mice expressing Cre under the β-Lactoglobulin promoter. Conditional knockdown of Cx26 from the mammary gland resulted in a dramatic reduction in detectable gap junction plaques confirmed by a significant ∼65-70% reduction in Cx26 mRNA and protein throughout parturition and lactation. Interestingly, this reduction was accompanied by a decrease in mammary gland Cx30 gap junction plaques at parturition, while no change was observed for Cx32 or Cx43. Whole mount, histological and immunofluorescent assessment of breast tissue revealed comparatively normal lobuloalveolar development following pregnancy in the conditionally knockdown mice compared to control mice. In addition, glands from genetically-modified mice were capable of producing milk proteins that were evident in the lumen of alveoli and ducts at similar levels as controls, suggesting normal gland function. Together, our results suggest that low levels of Cx26 expression throughout pregnancy and lactation, and not the physiological surge in Cx26, is sufficient for normal gland development and function.
Application of big data analytics in process safety and risk management (2017)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the field of big data analytics. It has been established that there exist large amounts of data in the energy industry <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . However, there is a need to develop methods combining domain knowledge to transform this data into meaningful information to return business intelligence. The existing literature on big data analytics focuses on applications in various fields such as healthcare, aviation industry, finance, energy industry, and supply chain. However, within the energy industry, the application of big data analytics in process safety and risk management is in the nascent stages. The objective of this study is to discuss the potential of big data analytics in the area of process safety and risk management in the energy industry. The paper outlines the systemic framework with different stakeholders, data sources, challenges, and discusses the benefits of big data analytics in process safety. Four case studies with different applications ranging from incident database analysis, predictive modeling for pump failures, dynamic risk mapping of operating plant, and image analysis to gain insights are demonstrated. It is concluded that the application of big data analytics would provide valuable insights for more informed policy, strategic, and operational risk decision-making leading to a safer and more reliable industry.
Time-Shifted TV in Content Centric Networks: The Case for Cooperative In-Network Caching (2011)

Recent works on Content-Centric-Networking (CCN) enable the exploitation of the caching resources of the new generation of routers (Content Routers or CR). So far, only a basic Least Recently Used (LRU) strategy implemented on every CRs has been proposed. In this paper, we introduce a cooperative caching strategy that has been designed for the treatment of large video streams with on-demand access. This caching strategy addresses the need of Internet Service Provider by halving the cross-domain traffic. We present a first algorithm, which is a core element of this strategy, then we show the changes that have to be brought to the CCN protocol in order to implement this strategy.
Role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the cellular growth response to angiotensin II. (1993)

We have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells is dependent on the balance between proliferative and antiproliferative growth factors, specifically basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), respectively. We now present evidence, based on two phenotypically distinct cell cultures, that the ability to secrete the biologically active form of TGF-beta 1 is central to the growth response to Ang II. Two separate cultures were examined, one in which Ang II induces hypertrophy and the other in which Ang II induces hyperplasia. Ang II induces the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor twofold to fivefold in both cultures. Furthermore, both cultures express TGF-beta 1. In the culture that responds with hypertrophy, Ang II induces the expression of the active form of TGF-beta 1 twofold to threefold. However, in the culture that responds with hyperplasia, no active TGF-beta 1 was detected either at baseline or after Ang II exposure. Interestingly, all the TGF-beta 1 present was in the inactive, latent form. In the culture that responded with hyperplasia, Ang II induced a fourfold to fivefold increase in DNA synthesis. This increase could be abolished by the addition of active TGF-beta 1. Thus in these two cultures the ability to activate TGF-beta 1 dictates the cellular response to Ang II. These results support our hypothesis that a balance of proliferative and antiproliferative autocrine signals mediates the growth control of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Locoregional Cutaneous Metastases of Malignant Melanoma and their Management (2004)

The correct classification of locoregional metastases of malignant melanoma to skin is central to the planning of treatment. Local recurrence means persistence of neoplastic cells at the local site by virtue of incomplete excision of the primary melanoma. Standard treatment is excisional surgery. In contrast, locoregional metastases of malignant melanoma (satellites, in-transit metastases) are metastases around a primary melanoma or between a primary melanoma and regional lymph nodes. They represent intralymphatic or hematogenous spread of neoplastic cells. We present a variety of available treatment options and discuss especially topical imiquimod as a novel approach for the palliative treatment of locoregional cutaneous melanoma metastases in selected patients.
Identification and Functional Characterization of CbaR, a MarR-Like Modulator of the <i>cbaABC</i> -Encoded Chlorobenzoate Catabolism Pathway (2001)

In Comamonas testosteroni BR60 (formerly Alcaligenes sp. strain BR60), catabolism of the pollutant 3-chlorobenzoate (3CBA) is initiated by enzymes encoded by cbaABC, an operon found on composite transposon Tn5271 of plasmid pBRC60. The cbaABC gene product CbaABC converts 3CBA to protocatechuate (PCA) and 5-Cl-PCA, which are then metabolized by the chromosomal PCA meta (extradiol) ring fission pathway. In this study, cbaA was found to possess a sigma(70) type promoter. O(2) uptake experiments with whole cells and expression studies with cbaA-lacZ constructs showed that cbaABC was induced by 3CBA. Benzoate, which is not a substrate of the 3CBA pathway, was a gratuitous inducer, and CbaR, a MarR family repressor coded for by a divergently transcribed gene upstream of cbaABC, could modulate induction mediated by benzoate. Purified CbaR bound specifically to two regions of the cbaA promoter (P(cbaA)); site I, a high-affinity site, is between the transcriptional start point (position +1) and the start codon of cbaA, while site II, a lower-affinity site, overlaps position +1. 3CBA at concentrations as low as 40 microM interfered with binding to P(cbaA). PCA also interfered with binding, while benzoate only weakly disrupted binding. Unexpectedly, benzoate with a hydroxyl or carboxyl at position 3 improved CbaR binding. Data are also presented that suggest that an unidentified regulator is encoded on the chromosome that induces cbaABC in response to benzoate and 3CBA.
Self-reported skin morbidity in Oslo. Associations with sociodemographic factors among adults in a cross-sectional study (2004)

This study shows that skin complaints referring to the most common chronic skin diseases varied with age, gender and marital status, and worsened with middle-income household. It provides evidence that household income is associated with skin morbidity, bringing dermatological aspects to studies on health inequalities.
Biochemical, Cellular, and <i>In vivo</i> Activity of Novel ATP-Competitive and Selective Inhibitors of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (2009)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is centrally involved in cell growth, metabolism, and angiogenesis. While showing clinical efficacy in a subset of tumors, rapamycin and rapalogs are specific and allosteric inhibitors of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but they do not directly inhibit mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), an emerging player in cancer. Here, we report chemical structure and biological characterization of three pyrazolopyrimidine ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors, WAY-600, WYE-687, and WYE-354 (IC(50), 5-9 nmol/L), with significant selectivity over phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) isofoms (>100-fold). Unlike the rapalogs, these inhibitors acutely blocked substrate phosphorylation by mTORC1 and mTORC2 in vitro and in cells in response to growth factor, amino acids, and hyperactive PI3K/AKT. Unlike the inhibitors of PI3K or dual-pan PI3K/mTOR, cellular inhibition of P-S6K1(T389) and P-AKT(S473) by the pyrazolopyrimidines occurred at significantly lower inhibitor concentrations than those of P-AKT(T308) (PI3K-PDK1 readout), showing mTOR selectivity in cellular setting. mTOR kinase inhibitors reduced AKT downstream function and inhibited proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines. These effects correlated with a strong G(1) cell cycle arrest in both the rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-resistant cells, selective induction of apoptosis, repression of global protein synthesis, and down-regulation of angiogenic factors. When injected into tumor-bearing mice, WYE-354 inhibited mTORC1 and mTORC2 and displayed robust antitumor activity in PTEN-null tumors. Together, our results highlight mechanistic differentiation between rapalogs and mTOR kinase inhibitors in targeting cancer cell growth and survival and provide support for clinical development of mTOR kinase inhibitors as new cancer therapy.
Ionic liquids and derived materials for lithium and sodium batteries (2018)

The ever-growing demand for advanced energy storage devices in portable electronics, electric vehicles and large scale power grids has triggered intensive research efforts over the past decade on lithium and sodium batteries. The key to improve their electrochemical performance and enhance the service safety lies in the development of advanced electrode, electrolyte, and auxiliary materials. Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids consisting entirely of ions near room temperature, and are characterized by many unique properties such as ultralow volatility, high ionic conductivity, good thermal stability, low flammability, a wide electrochemical window, and tunable polarity and basicity/acidity. These properties create the possibilities of designing batteries with excellent safety, high energy/power density and long-term stability, and also provide better ways to synthesize known materials. IL-derived materials, such as poly(ionic liquids), ionogels and IL-tethered nanoparticles, retain most of the characteristics of ILs while being endowed with other favourable features, and thus they have received a great deal of attention as well. This review provides a comprehensive review of the various applications of ILs and derived materials in lithium and sodium batteries including Li/Na-ion, dual-ion, Li/Na-S and Li/Na-air (O<sub>2</sub>) batteries, with a particular emphasis on recent advances in the literature. Their unique characteristics enable them to serve as advanced resources, medium, or ingredient for almost all the components of batteries, including electrodes, liquid electrolytes, solid electrolytes, artificial solid-electrolyte interphases, and current collectors. Some thoughts on the emerging challenges and opportunities are also presented in this review for further development.
Realization of high quality epitaxial current- perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistive pseudo spin-valves on Si(001) wafer using NiAl buffer layer (2016)

In this letter, we report a NiAl buffer layer as a template for the integration of epitaxial current-perpendicular-plane-giant magnetoresistive (CPP-GMR) devices on a Si(001) single crystalline substrate. By depositing NiAl on a Si wafer at an elevated temperature of 500 °C, a smooth and epitaxial B2-type NiAl(001) layer was obtained. The surface roughness was further improved by depositing Ag on the NiAl layer and applying subsequent annealing process. The epitaxial CPP-GMR devices grown on the buffered Si(001) substrate present a large magnetoresistive output comparable with that of the devices grown on an MgO(001) substrate, demonstrating the possibility of epitaxial spintronic devices with a NiAl templated Si wafer for practical applications.
3D‐Druck erobert die Mikroskala (2013)

Abstract Die 3D‐Drucktechnologie gilt weltweit als ein entscheidender Schlüssel für wirtschaftliches Wachstum in den kommenden Jahrzehnten. Schon heute ist Drucken in 3D in vielen Bereichen realisiert. Tägliche Pressemeldungen zu neuen Produkten wie Fahrzeugkomponenten, Prothesen und anderen künstlichen Körperteilen bis hin zu Skurrilitäten wie Lebensmitteln aus dem 3D‐Drucker sorgen regelmäßig für Aufsehen. Ohne teure Werkzeuge herstellen zu müssen, können am Computer entworfene Modelle einfach und schnell gedruckt werden.
Performance measures of ISM-band and conventional telemetry (2004)

The primary goal of this study is to quantify the communications reliability of telemetry systems using ISM-band two-way communications technology and contrast it to that of VHF/UHF-based systems from an empirical and clinical perspective. The principal criterion variable of communications reliability was total dropout proportion: the percentage of wireless patient monitoring time attributable to a loss of patient signal. Data from 17 institutions across the United States were included in this research. The data from this study were also used to explore potential relationships between communications reliability and various institutional factors. The institutional variables evaluated for possible adverse impact on ISM-band communications reliability included wireless coverage area, the number of telemetry transmitters supported, institutional experience with the product, gross institution size, and the number of telemetry systems within each hospital. The frequency-hopping communication technology utilized by the ISM-band products was not adversely affected by coexisting ISM-band devices. Institutions with shared ISM-band environments demonstrated a better - but statistically insignificant - performance difference both in terms of total dropout proportion and mean time between dropouts. Analysis showed no adverse affect on the communications reliability of ISM-band systems as a function of the number of telemetry transmitters supported, institution size, number of ISM-band telemetry systems within an institution, coverage area, or institutional experience with the system. In contrast, VHF/UHF installations showed statistically significant adverse impact on dropout proportion from two sources: the more transmitters supported, or the greater the coverage area, the higher the dropout proportion. The results from regression analysis at the institution-level should be interpreted cautiously since the statistical power was limited by the number of hospitals in the sample.
The Effect of Acid and Alkali on Mechanical Properties of PPS Fibers (2011)

PPS fibers are treated with four kinds of acids and alkali at different concentrations and time durations.The surface morphology of PPS fibers is studied by FESEM.Their tensile and thermal properties are measured by tensile tester and DSC,respectively.The results show that HCl and HNO3 have obviously detrimental effect on the properties of PPS fibers relative to NaOH and H2SO4.Many cracks and holes appeared on the surface of PPS fibers after HCl or HNO3 exposure.The breaking strength and breaking elongation of PPS fibers decrease as the increasing of concentrations and extension of time.Their melting heat is mostly affected by HNO3 among those acids and alkali.
Online design bug detection: RTL analysis, flexible mechanisms, and evaluation (2008)

Higher level of resource integration and the addition of new features in modern multi-processors put a significant pressure on their verification. Although a large amount of resources and time are devoted to the verification phase of modern processors, many design bugs escape the verification process and slip into processors operating in the field. These design bugs often lead to lower quality products, lower customer satisfaction, diminishing brand/company reputation, or even expensive product recalls. This paper proposes a flexible, low-overhead mechanism to detect the occurrence of design bugs during on-line operation. First, we analyze the actual design bugs found and fixed in a commercial chip- multiprocessor, Sun's OpenSPARC Tl, to understand the behavior and characteristics of design bugs. Our RTL analysis of design bugs shows that the number of signals that need to be monitored to detect design bugs is significantly larger than suggested by previous studies that analyzed design bugs at a higher level using processor errata sheets. Second, based on the insights obtained from our analyses, we propose a programmable, distributed online design bug detection mechanism that incorporates the monitoring of bugs into the flip-flops of the design. The key contribution of our mechanism is its ability to monitor all control signals in the design rather than a set of signals selected at design time. As a result, it is very flexible: when a bug is discovered after the processor is shipped, it can be detected by monitoring the set of control signals that trigger the design bug. We develop an RTL prototype implementation of our mechanism on the OpenSPARC Tl chip multiprocessor. We found its area overhead to be 10% and its power consumption overhead to be 3.5% over the whole OpenSPARC Tl chip.
<title>Scene structure in the saturation component of color images</title> (1996)

A tenet of a new class of color image enhancement algorithms involves the observation that the saturation component of color images often contains what appears to be valid image structure depicting the underlying scene. In this work we present the findings of a study of the structural correspondence between the saturation and luminance components of a large database of color images. Various statistical relationships are identified. The correspondence of edges at different scales in the sense of Marr's theory of vision is also observed. Several new color image enhancement algorithms which exploit these unique characteristics are described.
An augmented reality binocular system (ARBS) for air traffic controllers (2008)

The primary means by which air traffic tower controllers obtain information is through direct out-thewindow viewing, although a considerable amount of time is spent looking at electronic displays and other information sources inside the tower cab. The Air Force Research Laboratory sponsored the development of a prototype Augmented Reality Binocular System (ARBS) that enhances tower controller performance, situation awareness, and safety. The ARBS is composed of a virtual binocular (VB) that displays real-time imagery from high resolution telephoto cameras and sensors mounted on pan/tilt units (PTUs). The selected PTU tracks to the movement of the VB, which has an inertial heading and elevation sensor. Relevant airfield situation text and graphic depictions that identify airfield features are overlaid on the imagery. In addition, the display is capable of labeling and tracking vehicles on which an Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) system has been installed. The ARBS provides air traffic controllers and airfield security forces with the capability to orient toward, observe, and conduct continuous airfield operations and surveillance/security missions from any number of viewing aspects in limited visibility conditions. In this paper, we describe the ARBS in detail, discuss the results of a Usability Test of the prototype ARBS, and discuss ideas for follow-on efforts to develop the ARBS to a fieldable level.
Highly Conductive Optical Quality Solution‐Processed Films of 2D Titanium Carbide (2016)

MXenes comprise a new class of solution‐dispersable, 2D nanomaterials formed from transition metal carbides and nitrides such as Ti 3 C 2 . Here, it is shown that 2D Ti 3 C 2 can be assembled from aqueous solutions into optical quality, nanometer thin films that, at 6500 S cm −1 , surpass the conductivity of other solution‐processed 2D materials, while simultaneously transmitting >97% of visible light per‐nanometer thickness. It is shown that this high conductivity is due to a metal‐like free‐electron density as well as a high degree of coplanar alignment of individual nanosheets achieved through spincasting. Consequently, the spincast films exhibit conductivity over a macroscopic scale that is comparable to the intrinsic conductivity of the constituent 2D sheets. Additionally, optical characterization over the ultraviolet‐to‐near‐infrared range reveals the onset of free‐electron plasma oscillations above 1130 nm. Ti 3 C 2 is therefore a potential building block for plasmonic applications at near‐infrared wavelengths and constitutes the first example of a new class of solution‐processed, carbide‐based 2D optoelectronic materials.
Quantitative trait loci and metabolic pathways: genetic control of the concentration of maysin, a corn earworm resistance factor, in maize silks. (1996)

Interpretation of quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies of agronomic traits is limited by lack of knowledge of biochemical pathways leading to trait expression. To more fully elucidate the biological significance of detected QTL, we chose a trait that is the product of a well-characterized pathway, namely the concentration of maysin, a C-glycosyl flavone, in silks of maize, Zea mays L. Maysin is a host-plant resistance factor against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). We determined silk maysin concentrations and restriction fragment length polymorphism genotypes at flavonoid pathway loci or linked markers for 285 F2 plants derived from the cross of lines GT114 and GT119. Single-factor analysis of variance indicated that the p1 region on chromosome 1 accounted for 58.0% of the phenotypic variance and showed additive gene action. The p1 locus is a transcription activator for portions of the flavonoid pathway. A second QTL, represented by marker umc 105a near the brown pericarp1 locus on chromosome 9, accounted for 10.8% of the variance. Gene action of this region was dominant for low maysin, but was only expressed in the presence of a functional p1 allele. The model explaining the greatest proportion of phenotypic variance (75.9%) included p1, umc105a, umc166b (chromosome 1), r1 (chromosome 10), and two epistatic interaction terms, p1 x umc105a and p1 x r1. Our results provide evidence that regulatory loci have a central role and that there is a complex interplay among different branches of the flavonoid pathway in the expression of this trait.