gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nicotine responses in hypersensitive and knockout α4 mice account for tolerance to both hypothermia and locomotor suppression in wild-type mice (2007)

Nicotinic receptors containing the alpha 4 subunit (alpha 4* nAChRs) have high sensitivity and are widely expressed in the central nervous system, yet their contributions to behavioral tolerance, a hallmark of nicotine dependence, are unclear. To evaluate the contribution of alpha 4* and non-alpha 4 nAChRs in the development of tolerance to hypothermia and locomotor suppression, alpha 4 knockout (KO), hypersensitive Leu9'Ala alpha 4 knock-in, and wild-type (WT) mice received daily nicotine injections, and their behaviors were compared. Repeated selective activation of alpha 4* nAChRs in Leu9'Ala mice produced profound tolerance to hypothermia over 7 days, whereas no tolerance was observed in alpha 4 KO animals. The summed time course and temperature response (after appropriate normalizations) from these two mutant mouse strains resembled the time course of WT tolerance. In addition, daily selective activation of alpha 4* nAChRs elicited locomotor activation in Leu9'Ala mice, but nicotine suppressed activity in alpha 4 KO mice and this did not change with daily drug exposure. Again, appropriately combined responses from the two mutant strains resembled the biphasic nicotine-induced activity in WT animals. Thus, by analyzing nicotinic responses in two complementary mouse lines, one lacking alpha 4* nAChRs, the other expressing hypersensitive alpha 4* nAChRs, one can accurately separate non-alpha 4 nAChR responses from alpha 4 nAChR responses, and one can also account for WT tolerance to both hypothermia and locomotor suppression. Our study suggests a new paradigm for bridging the gap between genetic manipulation of a single receptor and whole animal behavioral studies and shows that activation of alpha 4* nAChRs is both necessary and sufficient for the expression of tolerance.
The Balayage onto Closed Sets with Respect to Continuous Function-Kernels (1981)

Let X be a locally compact Hausdorff space with a countable base and G be a continuous function-kernel on X such that each non-empty open set is non-negligible with respect to G. Under the assumption that G and the adjoint kernel G satisfies the continuity principle, R. Durier proved that, if G or G satisfies the domination principle, G or G does the balayaged principle and conversely ([2]). Further, I. Higuchi and M. Ito obtained the same conclusion without the assumption of the continuity principle ([3]). In this paper we shall consider the balayage onto any closed non-negligible set with respect to a continuous function-kernel G satisfying the domination principle. We shall show that, if each non-empty open set is non-negligible and the convex cone of continuous potentials is adapted, then it is possible to balayage onto any closed non-negligible set. Further, we shall show that there exists a "minimum" balayaged potential uniquely up to a negligible set.
Chromonic review (2010)

Chromonic systems are lyotropic liquid crystal phases formed by soluble aromatic compounds. They occur as the result of the face-to-face aggregation of the molecules into columns. There are two principal chromonic phases; the N phase which consists of a nematic array of columns and at higher concentrations, the M phase, in which the columns lie in a hexagonal array. Chromonic phases are formed by a range of multi-ring aromatic compounds including drugs, dyes and nucleic acids. They have characteristic multi-peritectic phase diagrams and distinctive optical textures.The exploitation of the unique properties of chromonic systems has scarcely started. Recent promising studies show that the combination of self-ordering, ease of alignment, sensitivity to changing conditions and additives, coupled with their optical properties and electro-optical properties, makes possible a range of sophisticated devices, including polarizers, optical compensators, light-harvesting devices and micro-patterned materials—and the fact that they are water-based, suggests a future role in biosensors for medical diagnosis.
WebRB: A Different Way to Write Web Applications (2008)

Relational Blocks (RBIocks) is a visual dataflow language for writing multipage interactive applications that access, transform, and display relational data in a GUI. The authors present WebRB, an implementation of RBIocks for a Web application environment. It's deployed as a software service; developers run the WebRB visual editor in a standard Firefox Web browser and store their page designs and data on the WebRB server. WebRB is a different way to write Web applications because it uses visual page designs, lacks imperative code, and uses relational semantics.
Characterization of heterogeneous nuclear RNA-protein complexes in vivo with monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Exposure of cells to UV light of sufficient intensity brings about cross-linking of RNA to proteins which are in direct contact with it in vivo. The major [35S]methionine-labeled proteins which become cross-linked to polyadenylated heterogeneous nuclear RNA in HeLa cells have molecular weights of 120,000 (120K), 68K, 53K, 43K, 41K, 38K, and 36K. Purified complexes of polyadenylated RNA with proteins obtained by UV cross-linking in intact cells were used to immunize mice and generate monoclonal antibodies to several of these proteins. Some properties of three of the proteins, 41K, 43K, and 120K, were characterized with these antibodies. The 41K and 43K polypeptides are highly related. They were recognized by the same antibody (2B12) and have identical isoelectric points (pl = 6.0 +/- 0.2) but different partial peptide maps. The 41K and 43K polypeptides were part of the 40S heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle and appear to correspond to the previously described C proteins (Beyer et al., Cell II:127-138, 1977). A different monoclonal antibody (3G6) defined a new major heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein of 120K. The 41K, 43K, and 120K polypeptides were associated in vivo with both polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated nuclear RNA, and all three proteins were phosphorylated. The monoclonal antibodies recognized similar proteins in human and monkey cells but not in several other vertebrates. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that these proteins are segregated to the nucleus, where they are part of a fine particulate nonnucleolar structure. In cells extracted in situ with nonionic detergent, all of the 41K and 43K polypeptides were associated with the nucleus at salt concentrations up to 0.5 M NaCl, whereas the 120K polypeptide was completely extracted at this NaCl concentration. A substantial fraction of the 41K and 43K polypeptides (up to 40%) was retained with a nuclear matrix--a structure which is resistant to digestion with DNase I and to extraction by 2 M NaCl, but the 41K and 43K polypeptides were quantitatively removed at 0.5 M NaCl after digestion with RNase.
Noise Measurement for Raw-Data of Digital Imaging Sensors by Automatic Segmentation of Nonuniform Targets (2007)

In this paper, we present a new method for measuring the temporal noise in the raw-data of digital imaging sensors [e.g., CMOS and charge-coupled device (CCD)]. The method is specially designed to estimate the variance function which describes the signal-dependent noise found in raw-data. It gives the standard-deviation of the noise as a function of the expectation of the pixel raw-data output value. In contrast with established methods (such as the ISO 15739), our method does not require the use of a specific target or a particular calibration. This is possible due to an automatic segmentation embedded in the data analysis. We show experimental results for the raw-data from two different CMOS sensors of commercial cameraphones.
Remembering our Mentor, Dr. Lester B. Brown (2016)

Dr. Lester Barney Brown was an American Indian, two-spirit man who was a mentor to many students during his career at California State University, Long Beach. This is a brief remembrance of his work with personal accounts by the author, a colleague, and some of his students.
Replacing alfalfa silage with corn silage in dairy cow diets: Effects on enteric methane production, ruminal fermentation, digestion, N balance, and milk production (2013)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing alfalfa silage (AS) with corn silage (CS) in dairy cow total mixed rations (TMR) on enteric CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics, apparent total-tract digestibility, N balance, and milk production. Nine ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design (32-d period) and fed (ad libitum) a TMR [forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40; dry matter (DM) basis], with the forage portion consisting of either alfalfa silage (0% CS; 56.4% AS in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both silages (50% CS; 28.2% AS and 28.2% CS in the TMR), or corn silage (100% CS; 56.4% CS in the TMR). Increasing the CS proportion (i.e., at the expense of AS) in the diet was achieved by decreasing the corn grain proportion and increasing that of soybean meal. Intake of DM and milk yield increased quadratically, whereas DM digestibility increased linearly as the proportion of CS increased in the diet. Increasing the dietary CS proportion resulted in changes (i.e., lower ruminal pH and acetate:propionate ratio, reduced fiber digestibility, decreased protozoa numbers, and lower milk fat and higher milk protein contents) typical of those observed when cows are fed high-starch diets. A quadratic response in daily CH4 emissions was observed in response to increasing the proportion of CS in the diet (440, 483, and 434 g/d for 0% CS, 50% CS, and 100% CS, respectively). Methane production adjusted for intake of DM, and gross or digestible energy was unaffected in cows fed the 50% CS diet, but decreased in cows fed the 100% CS diet (i.e., quadratic effect). Increasing the CS proportion in the diet at the expense of AS improved N utilization, as reflected by the decreases in ruminal NH3 concentration and manure N excretion, suggesting low potential NH3 and N2O emissions. Results from this study, suggest that total replacement of AS with CS in dairy cow diets offers a means of decreasing CH4 output and N losses. However, the reduction in fiber degradation and the resulting increase in volatile solids content of the manure may lead to increased CH4 emissions from manure storage.
An area-efficient network interface for a TDM-based network-on-chip (2013)

Network interfaces (NIs) are used in multi-core systems where they connect processors, memories, and other IP-cores to a packet switched Network-on-Chip (NOC). The functionality of a NI is to bridge between the read/write transaction interfaces used by the cores and the packet-streaming interface used by the routers and links in the NOC. The paper addresses the design of a NI for a NOC that uses time division multiplexing (TDM). By keeping the essence of TDM in mind, we have developed a new area-efficient NI micro-architecture. The new design completely eliminates the need for FIFO buffers and credit based flow control - resources which are reported to account for 50–85% of the area in existing NI designs. The paper discusses the design considerations, presents the new NI micro-architecture, and reports area figures for a range of implementations.
Electric Motors and Motor Controls (1995)

SINGLE PHASE MOTORS. Nameplate. Single Phase Motor Types. Rotating Magnetic Field. Squirrel Cage Rotor Principle. Split Phase. Starting Winding Switches. Capacitor Start, Induction Run. Other Capacitor Motors. Shaded Pole /Universal. MOTOR MAINTENANCE AND INSTALLATION. Frames. Bearings. Megohmmeters. Growlers. Lead Identification. Horsepower Testing. Motor Efficiency. NEC and Size of Feeders, Disconnects, Controllers, Fuses, Branch Circuit Conductors, Overloads. BASIC MOTOR CONTROL. Manual Controls. Overload Protection. Two Wire/Three Wire Automatic Control /Jog and Reversing Controls. Overload Selection. Fuse Protection. N.E.C. and Single Phase Motor Applications. CONTROLLERS-RELAYS-TIMERS. NEMA-Contactors and Starters. I.EW.C.-Types and Comparisons. Pilot Devices. Photo Electric Controls. Proximity Controls. Enclosures. Hazardous Areas and Safety. Electromechanical Controls, Relays, Timers.Contact Maintenance. THREE PHASE MOTORS AND GENERATORS. Three Phase Power Generation. Frequency. Output Voltage and Current Control. Generator Output Power. Exciters. Parallel Operation of Alternators. Loss of Alternator Output. Standby Generation. Three Phase Motor Rotation Meters. Wye and Delta Connections. Multi-Speed Motors. Design Letters. Efficiency. Trouble Shooting. THREE PASE MOTORS AND CONTROLS. Manual Control. Magnetic Control. Reversing Controllers. Sequence Control. Multi-Speed Control. Programmable Controllers. Electric Speed Control. Wye Delta Starting. Open/Closed Transition. Part Winding Starter. Phase Failure Relay. Motor Control Centers. OSHA - Lock Out/Tag Out. MOTOR ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION. Reduced Voltage Starting. Primary Resistor Starter. Auto Transformer Starter. Solid State Starters. Electronic Drives. Synchronous Motor Starting. Electrical Brakes. Plugging Controls. DC Braking. Mechanical Brakes. SPECIAL MOTORS. Wound Rotor Motor. Repulsion /Synchronous /Permanent /Magnet /Stepper /Hybrid /Torque /Motors. POWER DISTRIBUTION AND MONITORING. Transformers. Voltage Transformation. Design /Operation /Polarity /Loss and Regulation. Multi-Voltage Transformers. Transformers in Parallel. Auto /Control /Instrument Transformers. Three Single Phase Transformers. Open Delta Transformers. Nameplate. N.E.C. Requirements. Line Drop. Power Factor Correction. Demand Meters. Energy Management. DC MOTORS, GENERATORS AND CONTROLS. DC Generation. Armatures.
Privacy-preserving fingercode authentication (2010)

We present a privacy preserving protocol for fingerprint-based authentication. We consider a scenario where a client equipped with a fingerprint reader is interested into learning if the acquired fingerprint belongs to the database of authorized entities managed by a server. For security, it is required that the client does not learn anything on the database and the server should not get any information about the requested biometry and the outcome of the matching process. The proposed protocol follows a multi-party computation approach and makes extensive use of homomorphic encryption as underlying cryptographic primitive. To keep the protocol complexity as low as possible, a particular representation of fingerprint images, named Fingercode, is adopted. Although the previous works on privacy-preserving biometric identification focus on selecting the best matching identity in the database, our main solution is a generic identification protocol and it allows to select and report all the enrolled identities whose distance to the user's fingercode is under a given threshold. Variants for simple authentication purposes are provided. Our protocols gain a notable bandwidth saving (about 25-39%) if compared with the best previous work (ICISC'09) and its computational complexity is still low and suitable for practical applications. Moreover, even if such protocols are presented in the context of a fingerprint-based system, they can be generalized to any biometric system that shares the same matching methodology, namely distance computation and thresholding.
Multiple-frequency measurement based on serial photonic channelization using optical wavelength scanning (2013)

A serial photonic channelized radio frequency (RF) measurement scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme can be used for instantaneous multiple-frequency measurement and capturing key parameters of linear frequency modulation signals. Based on high-speed wavelength scanning, this photonic RF channelizer works serially in time domain, and each wavelength labels a certain RF channel. With only one low-bandwidth photodetector (PD), we can implement multiple channel RF frequency measurements, which have a much simpler structure compared with parallel channelized schemes using broadband filter-bank and multiple PDs.
Origami: A 803-GOp/s/W Convolutional Network Accelerator (2016)

An ever-increasing number of computer vision and image/video processing challenges are being approached using deep convolutional neural networks, obtaining state-of-the-art results in object recognition and detection, semantic segmentation, action recognition, optical flow, and super resolution. Hardware acceleration of these algorithms is essential to adopt these improvements in embedded and mobile computer vision systems. We present a new architecture, design, and implementation, as well as the first reported silicon measurements of such an accelerator, outperforming previous work in terms of power, area, and I/O efficiency. The manufactured device provides up to 196 GOp/s on 3.09 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {mm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of silicon in UMC 65-nm technology and can achieve a power efficiency of 803 GOp/s/W. The massively reduced bandwidth requirements make it the first architecture scalable to TOp/s performance.
Finding a Role for Zalcitabine in the HAART era (1998)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated end-stage liver disease is a leading diagnosis in patients undergoing liver transplantation, accounting for approximately 20-25% of transplantations in many centres. In spite of universal viral recurrence, early post-transplantation infection generally results in indolent disease with good graft and patient survival, at least for the first 5-7 years, comparable to those observed in other patients undergoing transplantation for non-viral end-stage liver disease. The full consequences of HCV recurrence are however beginning to be delineated with development of progressive liver failure observed with longer follow-up in a still unknown proportion of patients. Factors which may influence the outcome include viral load at transplantation and the type/amount of immunosuppression. Currently, the only available drugs are interferon and ribavirin, alone and in combination, used either therapeutically when the disease has fully developed, or prophylactically early after transplantation. Unfortunately, interferon has been used with limited success and with concerns about toxicity. Ribavirin monotherapy has been ineffective in producing meaningful results. Preliminary results on combination therapy are promising, both when administered before hepatitis develops or when histologic disease is present. Current antiviral therapy is however unable to eliminate HCV in the liver transplant setting, suggesting that indefinite treatment designed to suppress the effects of virus may be necessary. Major therapeutic advances for HCV infection are awaited.
Structure and functions of powerful transactivators: VP16, MyoD and FoxA (2010)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is a promising approach for converting one type of a differentiated cell into another type of differentiated cell through a pluripotent state as an intermediate step. Recent studies, however, indicate the possibility of directly converting one cell type to another without going through a pluripotent state. This direct reprogramming approach is dependent on a combination of highly potent transcription factors for cell-type conversion, presumably skipping more physiological and multi-step differentiation processes. A trial-and-error strategy is commonly used to screen many candidate transcription factors to identify the correct combination of factors. We speculate, however, that a better understanding of the functional mechanisms of exemplary transcriptional activators will facilitate the identification of novel factor combinations capable of direct reprogramming. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the literature on three highly potent transcriptional activators: the herpes virus protein, VP16; the master regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation, MyoD and the "pioneer" factor for hepatogenesis, FoxA. We discuss the roles of their functional protein domains, interacting partners and chromatin remodeling mechanisms during gene activation to understand how these factors open the chromatin of inactive genes and reset the transcriptional pattern during cell type conversion.
Oger: modular learning architectures for large-scale sequential processing (2012)

Oger (OrGanic Environment for Reservoir computing) is a Python toolbox for building, training and evaluating modular learning architectures on large data sets. It builds on MDP for its modularity, and adds processing of sequential data sets, gradient descent training, several cross-validation schemes and parallel parameter optimization methods. Additionally, several learning algorithms are implemented, such as different reservoir implementations (both sigmoid and spiking), ridge regression, conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM) and others, including GPU accelerated versions. Oger is released under the GNU LGPL, and is available from http://organic.elis.ugent.be/oger.
Telomeric DNA in ALT Cells Is Characterized by Free Telomeric Circles and Heterogeneous t-Loops (2004)

A prerequisite for cellular immortalization in human cells is the elongation of telomeres through the upregulation of telomerase or by the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. In this study, telomere structure in multiple ALT cell lines was examined by electron microscopy. Nuclei were isolated from GM847, GM847-Tert, and WI-38 VA13 ALT cells, psoralen photo-cross-linked in situ, and the telomere restriction fragments were purified by gel filtration chromatography. Examination of telomere-enriched fractions revealed frequent extrachromosomal circles, ranging from 0.7 to 56.8 kb. t-loops were also observed, with the loop portion ranging from 0.5 to 70.2 kb. The total length of the loop plus tail of the t-loops corresponded to the telomere restriction fragment length from the ALT cell lines as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The presence of extrachromosomal circles containing telomeric DNA was confirmed by two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These results show that extrachromosomal telomeric DNA circles are present in ALT nuclei and suggest a roll-and-spread mechanism of telomere elongation similar to that seen in previous observations of multiple yeast species. Results presented here also indicate that expression of telomerase in GM847 cells does not affect t-loop or extrachromosomal circle formation.
Triclosan Derivatives: Towards Potent Inhibitors of Drug‐Sensitive and Drug‐Resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2009)

Triclosan has been previously shown to inhibit InhA, an essential enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis, the inhibition of which leads to the lysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using a structure-based drug design approach, a series of 5-substituted triclosan derivatives was developed. Two groups of derivatives with alkyl and aryl substituents, respectively, were identified with dramatically enhanced potency against purified InhA. The most efficacious inhibitor displayed an IC(50) value of 21 nM, which was 50-fold more potent than triclosan. X-ray crystal structures of InhA in complex with four triclosan derivatives revealed the structural basis for the inhibitory activity. Six selected triclosan derivatives were tested against isoniazid-sensitive and resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Among those, the best inhibitor had an MIC value of 4.7 microg mL(-1) (13 microM), which represents a tenfold improvement over the bacteriocidal activity of triclosan. A subset of these triclosan analogues was more potent than isoniazid against two isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis strains, demonstrating the significant potential for structure-based design in the development of next generation antitubercular drugs.