gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUTOSAR Extensions for Predictable Task Synchronization in Multi-Core ECUs (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Multi-core processors are becoming increasingly prevalent, with several multi-core solutions being offered for the automotive sector. Recognizing this trend, the AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) standard Version 4.0 has introduced support for multi-core embedded real-time operating systems. A key element of the AUTOSAR multi-core specification is the <i>spinlock</i> mechanism for inter-core task synchronization. In this paper, we study this <i>spinlock</i> mechanism from the standpoint of timing predictability. We describe the timing uncertainties introduced by standard <i>test-and-set</i> spinlock mechanisms, and provide a predictable priority-driven solution for inter-core task synchronization.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The proposed solution is to arbitrate critical sections using the well-established Multi-processor Priority Ceiling Protocol [<span class="xref">3</span>], which is the multiprocessor version of the ceiling protocol for uniprocessors [<span class="xref">1</span>, <span class="xref">2</span>] used by AUTOSAR. We also present the associated analysis that can be used in conjunction with the AUTOSAR task model to bound the worst-case waiting times for accessing shared resources. The timing predictability provided by our protocol is an important requirement for automotive applications from both certification and validation standpoints.</div></div>
Study of electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics and component parameters of laminated-type magnetic wood with stainless steel and ferrite powder for use as building materials (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to propose that a laminated-type magnetic wood using ferrite powder and stainless steel powder can serve as a wood building material of suitable quality for an indoor electromagnetic wave absorber. The experimental results for the gigahertz frequency band show that the laminated-type magnetic wood which has volume content ratio of 20vol%, an inside ratio of stainless steel to ferrite powder 2:3, and a thickness of magnetic layer 4.0mm has an electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic of 45.18dB at 2.62GHz. This laminated board can be used to prevent radio interference for indoor wireless LANs, which mainly use the 2.4GHz frequency band.
Abstract A155: The Rac and PAK inhibitor EHop-016 inhibits mammary tumor growth and metastasis in a nude mouse model. (2013)

Abstract The Rho GTPase Rac is a central regulator of cancer cell migration/invasion that has been implicated with cancer metastasis. Therefore, we designed and developed small molecule compounds that specifically target Rac in metastatic cancer cells. We recently reported the characterization of EHop-016 as a Rac inhibitor in metastatic cancer cells, where EHop-016 was shown to inhibit Rac activity with an IC50 of 1 μM. At higher concentrations (&gt;10 μM) EHop-016 reduced cell viability and inhibited the related Rho GTPase Cdc42, but not Rho. EHop-016 decreased the activation of Rac by the oncogenic guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, the activity of the Rac effector p21-activated kinase (PAK), and the extension of actin cytoskeletal structures and migration of metastatic cancer cells. Next, we determined the efficacy of EHop-016 in vivo, using a mouse model of experimental metastasis. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged MDA-MB-435 human metastatic cancer cells were inoculated at the mammary fat pad of nude mice and treated with 0, 5, 10, 25, or 40 mg/kg body weight (BW) EHop-016 3X a week for ∼8 weeks. Mammary tumor growth and metastases in lungs, spleens, kidneys, livers, hearts, and femurs were quantified by fluorescence image analysis. At concentrations &gt;10 mg/kg BW, EHop-016 significantly inhibited mammary tumor growth and metastasis to distant organs. EHop-016 had no effect on mouse weight or their gross phenotype, indicating that EHop-016 did not exert toxic effects in athymic nude mice. This data demonstrate that EHop-016 and derivatives hold promise for further development as targeted anti-cancer therapeutics. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A155. Citation Format: Linette Castillo-Pichardo, Tessa Humphries-Bickley, Eliud Hernandez, Columba de la Parra, Luis Cubano, Cornelis Vlaar, Surangani F. Dharmawardhane Flanagan. The Rac and PAK inhibitor EHop-016 inhibits mammary tumor growth and metastasis in a nude mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A155.
Targeting Intestinal Inflammation With CD98 siRNA/PEI–loaded Nanoparticles (2013)

Intestinal CD98 expression plays a crucial role in controlling homeostatic and innate immune responses in the gut. Modulation of CD98 expression in intestinal cells therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Here, the advantages of nanoparticles (NPs) are used, including their ability to easily pass through physiological barriers and evade phagocytosis, high loading concentration, rapid kinetics of mixing and resistance to degradation. Using physical chemistry characterizations techniques, CD98 siRNA/polyethyleneimine (PEI)-loaded NPs was characterized (diameter of ~480 nm and a zeta potential of -5.26 mV). Interestingly, CD98 siRNA can be electrostatically complexed by PEI and thus protected from RNase. In addition, CD98 siRNA/PEI-loaded NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible with intestinal cells. Oral administration of CD98/PEI-loaded NPs encapsulated in a hydrogel reduced CD98 expression in mouse colonic tissues and decreased dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in a mouse model. Finally, flow cytometry showed that CD98 was effectively downregulated in the intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal macrophages of treated mice. Finally, the results collectively demonstrated the therapeutic effect of "hierarchical nano-micro particles" with colon-homing capabilities and the ability to directly release "molecularly specific" CD98 siRNA in colonic cells, thereby decreasing colitis.
Preparation of Double Dye-Layer Structure of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells from Cocktail Solutions for Harvesting Light in Wide Range of Wavelengths (2009)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) consisting of a double dye-layer structure of Ru dye (Z907) and organic dye (NK3705) were prepared by dipping porous titania substrates into dye mixture solutions. Dye structures such as NK3705 were crucial for realizing the double layer structure. A porous titania layer adsorbed NK3705 predominantly in the dye mixture. The adsorbed NK3705 was then replaced by Z907 from the top to the bottom of the porous titania surface as a function of dipping time. The DSCs based on the double dye-layer structure were able to harvest light in a wide range of wavelengths.
A 25–30 GHz Fully-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Receiver for MIMO Communication (2018)

This paper presents a “fully-connected” hybrid beamforming receiver that independently weights each element in an antenna array prior to separate downconversion chains that output independent baseband streams. A receiver architecture is introduced, which implements RF-domain complex-valued Cartesian weighting, RF-domain combining, and multi-stream heterodyne complex-quadrature downconversion. Each RF-domain Cartesian weight is implemented by a pair of 5-bit digitally controlled programmable-gain amplifiers, whose outputs are combined with the weighted signals from other antennas prior to complex-quadrature downconversion. Signal combination is performed by a wideband small-footprint distributed active combiner. A 25-30 GHz hybrid beamforming receiver with eight antenna inputs and two baseband output streams is designed in 65-nm CMOS. In each antenna path, the receiver achieves 34-dB conversion gain, 7.3-dB minimum noise figure, and 5 GHz of RF bandwidth. The entire receiver consumes 340 mW (equivalent to 27.5 mW per antenna per stream) including low-noise amplification, RF-domain beamforming, multi-stream downconversion, and local oscillator generation and distribution circuitry. The receiver occupies 3.86 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> excluding pads, equivalent to 0.36 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per antenna per stream. Single-element characterization results are presented, along with characterization of several spatial processing techniques including interference cancellation (20 dB peak to null for two elements), simultaneous two-stream reception, and adaptive-codebook-search-based beam acquisition.
Wireless communication system via nanoscale plasmonic antennas (2016)

Present on-chip optical communication technology uses near-infrared light, but visible wavelengths would allow system miniaturization and higher energy confinement. Towards this end, we report a nanoscale wireless communication system that operates at visible wavelengths via in-plane information transmission. Here, plasmonic antenna radiation mediates a three-step conversion process (surface plasmon → photon → surface plasmon) with in-plane efficiency (plasmon → plasmon) of 38% for antenna separation 4λ0 (with λ0 the free-space excitation wavelength). Information transmission is demonstrated at bandwidths in the Hz and MHz ranges. This work opens the possibility of optical conveyance of information using plasmonic antennas for on-chip communication technology.
System for high accuracy internal quantum efficiency measurement (2009)

We developed a system that evaluates simultaneously the spectral dependence of quantum efficiency (QE) and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) without the need of additionally moving the sample under investigation during the measurement. The system meets all requirements of ASTM 1021 and exceeds the standard requirements by performing I-V measurements for each wavelength, ¿, along with the possibility to investigate the temperature dependence of QE, IQE and short circuit current, Isc. The system is fully PC controlled, thus allowing PC controlled conditions of white light, DC biasing and temperature. The temperature can span the range 10 - 45°C. The compact design of the light delivery module provides capability for the system to obtain QE, IQE or Isc maps. The full width at half maximum for the beam was determined to be 495 microns. The system can provide 1 nm spectral resolution. The analysis of IQE versus wavelength (¿) curves we obtained (uncertainty in measurement ± 0.7 %) demonstrates that the system presented in this paper is suitable for determining the key parameters for the quantification of minority carrier recombination rate in solar cells.
Immunohistochemical identification of varicella‐zoster virus gene 63‐encoded protein (IE63) and late (gE) protein on smears and cutaneous biopsies: Implications for diagnostic use (1995)

Early and specific recognition of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is of vital concern in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of histochemical and immunohistochemical identification of the VZV ORF63 encoded protein (IE63) and of the VZV late protein gE on smears and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin sections taken from lesions clinically diagnosed as varicella (n = 15) and herpes zoster (n = 51). Microscopic examinations of Tzanck smears and skin sections yielded a diagnostic accuracy of Herpesviridae infections in 66.7% (10/15) and 92.3% (12/13) of varicella, and 74.4% (29/39) and 87.8% (43/49) of herpes zoster, respectively. Immunohistochemistry applied to varicella provided a type-specific virus diagnostic accuracy of 86.7% (13/15; IE63) and 100% (15/15; gE) on smears, and of 92.3% for both VZV proteins on skin sections. In herpes zoster, the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry reached 92.3% (36/39; IE63) and 94.9% (37/39; gE) on smears, and 91.7% (44/48; IE63) and 91.8% (45/49; gE) on skin sections. These findings indicate that the immunohistochemical detection of IE63 and gE on both smears and skin sections yields a higher specificity and sensitivity than standard microscopic assessments.
Early events in the pathogenicity of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> on <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (2007)

Conserved microbial molecules known as PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) elicit defence responses in plants through extracellular receptor proteins. One important PAMP is the flagellin protein derived from motile bacteria. We show here that the solanaceous species Nicotiana benthamiana perceives the flagellin proteins of both pathogenic and non-host species of Pseudomonas syringae. The response to flagellin required a gene closely related to that encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana flagellin receptor that we designated NbFls2. In addition, silencing of NbFls2 led to increased growth of compatible, non-host and non-pathogenic strains of P. syringae. Thus, flagellin perception restricts growth of P. syringae strains on N. benthamiana. Pathogenic bacteria secrete effector proteins into the plant cell to enhance virulence. We tested the ability of several unrelated effectors to suppress PAMP-mediated defences. The effector proteins AvrPto and AvrPtoB, but not AvrRps4, suppressed all responses tested including the hypersensitive response induced by non-host flagellins and the oomycete elicitor INF1. Strikingly, transient expression of avrPto or avrPtoB stimulated the growth of non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciensin planta, suggesting that multiplication of this species is also restricted by PAMP perception. Unexpectedly, AvrPtoB but not AvrPto required the defence-associated genes Rar1, Sgt1 and Eds1 for suppression. This observation separates the respective mechanisms of the two effectors, and suggests that AvrPtoB may target the defence machinery directly for its suppressive effect.
Accurate Detection of Wake Word Start and End Using a CNN (2020)

Small footprint embedded devices require keyword spotters (KWS) with small model size and detection latency for enabling voice assistants. Such a keyword is often referred to as \textit{wake word} as it is used to wake up voice assistant enabled devices. Together with wake word detection, accurate estimation of wake word endpoints (start and end) is an important task of KWS. In this paper, we propose two new methods for detecting the endpoints of wake words in neural KWS that use single-stage word-level neural networks. Our results show that the new techniques give superior accuracy for detecting wake words' endpoints of up to 50 msec standard error versus human annotations, on par with the conventional Acoustic Model plus HMM forced alignment. To our knowledge, this is the first study of wake word endpoints detection methods for single-stage neural KWS.
Interband cascade lasers with high CW power and brightness (2015)

We report corrugated narrow-ridge interband cascade lasers emitting at λ ≈ 3.5 mm that have been fabricated using CH<sub>4</sub>/Cl<sub>2</sub>- and BCl3-based inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etch processes, with largely similar results from both types of etches. The highest brightness figure of merit was obtained at intermediate ridge width (28 mm), for which the maximum cw output power at T = 25 °C was 522 mW and the corresponding wallplug efficiency and beam quality factor were 10.3% and <i>M<sup>2</sup> </i>= 3.1, respectively. The high output power may be attributed to a 7-stage design that employs thicker separate confinement layers for lower internal loss.
Reflectionless grating couplers for Silicon-on-Insulator photonic integrated circuits (2012)

We propose a novel grating coupler design which is inherently reflectionless by focusing the reflected light away from the entrance waveguide. The design rules for this reflectionless grating coupler are explained and the grating coupler design is investigated by means of 3D FDTD simulations for the case of a Silicon-on-Insulator based platform.
Motion blur reduction for liquid crystal displays: motion-compensated inverse filtering (2004)

Flat panel displays, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), typically emit light during the whole frame time. In contrast, traditional cathode ray tubes (CRTs) emit light as very short pulses, which gives the CRT a better dynamic resolution. As a consequence, LCDs suffer from motion artifacts, which are visible as a blurring of moving objects. Based on a straightforward frequency domain analysis that takes into account the eye tracking of the viewer, we propose a method for reducing these artifacts. This method, `motion compensated inverse filtering', uses motion vectors to apply a pre-correction to the video data. As such, we are able to recover the sharpness of moving images on LCDs to a large extent.
GHz-wide sensing and decoding using the sparse Fourier transform (2014)

We present BigBand, a technology that can capture GHz of spectrum in realtime without sampling the signal at GS/s - i.e., without high speed ADCs. Further, it is simple and can be implemented on commodity low-power radios. Our approach builds on recent advances in the area of sparse Fourier transforms, which show that it is possible to reconstruct a sparse signal without sampling it at the Nyquist rate. To demonstrate our design, we implement it using 3 software radios, each sampling the spectrum at 50 MS/s, producing a device that captures 0.9 GHz - i.e., 6× larger digital bandwidth than the three software radios combined. Finally, an extension of BigBand can perform GHz spectrum sensing even in scenarios where the spectrum is not sparse.
Tumor-specific IL-9–producing CD8<sup>+</sup>Tc9 cells are superior effector than type-I cytotoxic Tc1 cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancers (2014)

Because cytokine-priming signals direct CD8(+) T cells to acquire unique profiles that affect their ability to mediate specific immune responses, here we generated IL-9-skewed CD8(+) T (Tc9) cells by priming with Th9-polarized condition. Compared with type-I CD8(+) cytotoxic T (Tc1) cells, Tc9 secreted different cytokines and were less cytolytic in vitro but surprisingly elicited greater antitumor responses against advanced tumors in OT-I/B16-OVA and Pmel-1/B16 melanoma models. After adoptive transfer, Tc9 cells persisted longer and differentiated into IFN-γ- and granzyme-B (GrzB)-producing cytolytic Tc1-like effector cells. Phenotypic analysis revealed that adoptively transferred Tc9 cells secreted IL-2 and were KLRG-1(low) and IL-7Rα(high), suggesting that they acquired a signature of "younger" phenotype or became long-term lived cells with capacity of self-renewal. Our results also revealed that Tc9-mediated therapeutic effect critically depended on IL-9 production in vivo. These findings have clinical implications for the improvement of CD8(+) T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy of cancers.
Developing a novel topography - adjusted vegetation index (TAVI) for rugged area (2010)

Numerous vegetation indexes have been developed for assessing vegetation characteristics and are still of increasing importance in environmental application of remote sensing. However, few of them are targeted to reduce topographic effects in rugged area. A novel topography-adjusted vegetation index (TAVI) is presented in this paper by combination of near-infrared and red wavebands data with topography adjusting coefficient without digital elevation model (DEM) data. The validity of TAVI is illustrated with a case study in Changting county, a mountainous area in southeast of China. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively eliminate topographic effects caused by rugged terrain. The slope of linear regression equation of TAVI - the solar incidence cosine, and the correlation coefficient between them are only around 0.01 respectively. It also indicates that this topography-adjusted vegetation index could be applied in other mountainous areas.
Free-running frequency stability of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2002)

The intrinsic frequency fluctuations of two single-mode quantum cascade (QC) distributed-feedback lasers operating continuously at a wavelength of 8.5 mum are reported. A Doppler-limited rovibrational resonance of nitrous oxide is used to transform the frequency noise into measurable intensity fluctuations. The QC lasers, along with recently improved current controllers, exhibit a free-running frequency stability of 150 kHz over a 15-ms time interval.
Opportunistic Cell Edge Selection in Multi-Cell OFDMA Networks (2009)

We propose an intercell downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheduling technique in a sectorized cellular network. Adjacent sectors from neighboring cells form a cluster and each OFDMA resource block is allocated to the rate-maximizing sector. Compared to a cellular network that uses conventional fractional frequency reuse (FFR) technique, our proposed system requires only slightly more backhaul traffic while providing an appreciable performance gain. Intercell scheduling, which grants a resource exclusively to the rate-maximizing cell within a cluster, is a simple and powerful base station cooperation technique that balances non-cooperation and full cooperation. We find out that a tri-sectored network is particularly well-suited to applying inter-sector scheduling as each cluster is relatively isolated from other clusters. We provide an option to adjust the load on backhaul traffic by adjusting the granularity of the OFDMA resource under contention. We also provide an option to optimally swap resources. Analysis on performance gain for a few configurations are given. Simulations are provided to verify and illustrate the claimed performance gain.
Global predicate analysis and its application to register allocation (1996)

To fully utilize the wide machine resources in modern high-performance microprocessors it is necessary to exploit parallelism beyond individual basic blocks. Architectural support for predicated execution increases the degree of instruction level parallelism by allowing instructions from different basic blocks to be converted to straight-line code guarded by boolean predicates. However predicated execution also presents significant challenges to an optimizing compiler. For example, in live range analysis, a predicated definition does not necessarily end the live range of a virtual register. This paper describes techniques to analyze the relations among predicates in order to improve the precision and effectiveness of various compiler analysis and transformation phases in the presence of predicated code. Our predicate analysis operates globally to obtain relations among predicates. Moreover, we analyze control flow and predication in a single unified framework. The result can be queried by subsequent optimization and analysis phases. Based on this framework, we extend a traditional method to a predicate-aware register allocator which takes global predicate relations into account. We have implemented the proposed algorithms to effectively reduce register pressure. Our experimental results show 24.6% of a large test suite obtain, on average, 20.71% and better register allocation due to the algorithms presented in this paper.