gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A flexible terahertz scanner for omnidirectional imaging (2017)

In spite of wide applications of terahertz (THz) imaging in non-destructive and non-contact inspections, conventional flat camera technologies suffer from a difficulty in imaging samples with three-dimensional curvatures. Here we report on a flexible and wearable THz imager with carbon nanotube films, which has allowed omnidirectional imaging of non-flat samples. We also obtained higher spatial resolution by a factor of 10 by eliminating undesired signals from electrodes. Our multi-view THz scan technology without bulky and complicated systems is expected to be powerfully utilized for a high-speed inspection method.
The Most N-Terminal Region of THSD7A Is the Predominant Target for Autoimmunity in THSD7A-Associated Membranous Nephropathy (2018)

<b>Background</b> Thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) has been identified as a pathogenic autoantigen in membranous nephropathy (MN). However, the THSD7A epitopes targeted by patient autoantibodies are unknown.<b>Methods</b> We performed an <i>in silico</i> analysis of the THSD7A multidomain structure, expressed the folded domains in HEK293 cells, and tested for domain reactivity with 31 serum samples from patients with THSD7A-associated MN using Western and native blotting. Immunogenicity of the antigen domains was further investigated by cDNA immunization of rabbits and mice.<b>Results</b> We characterized the extracellular topology of THSD7A as a tandem string of 21 thrombospondin type 1 domains. Overall, 28 serum samples (90%) recognized multiple epitope domains along the molecule. Detailed epitope mapping revealed that the complex consisting of the first and second N-terminal domains (amino acids 48-192) was recognized by 27 of 31 patient serum samples (87%). Serum recognizing one or two epitope domains showed lower anti-THSD7A antibody levels than serum recognizing three or more epitope domains. During follow-up, a loss of epitope recognition was observed in seven of 16 patients, and it was accompanied by decreasing antibody levels and remission of proteinuria. In four of 16 patients, epitope recognition patterns changed during follow-up. Notably, immunization experiments in rabbits and mice revealed that induced antibodies, like patient autoantibodies, preferentially bound to the most N-terminal domains of THSD7A.<b>Conclusions</b> Our data show that the immune response in THSD7A-associated MN is polyreactive and that autoantibodies predominantly target the most N-terminal part of THSD7A.
Development of Optimum Well Control Practices Using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence (2012)

Abstract Many well control incidents have been analyzed, resulting in the optimumpractices, as outlined in this paper. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no systematic guidelines for well control practices. The objective ofthis paper is to propose a set of guidelines for the optimal well controloperations, by integrating current best practices through a decision-makingsystem based on Artificial Bayesian Intelligence. Best well control practicescollected from data, models, and experts' opinions, are integrated into aBayesian Network BN to simulate likely scenarios of its use that will honorefficient practices when dictated by varying operation, kick details, and kick severity. The proposed decision-making model follows a causal and an uncertainty-basedapproach capable of simulating realistic conditions on the use of well controloperations. For instance, as the user vary the operation, rig and crewcapabilities, kick details (such as slim hole, deviated or horizontal well), the system will show the optimum practices for circulation method. Well control experts' opinions were considered in building up the model in thispaper. The advantage of the artificial Bayesian intelligence method is that itcan be updated easily when dealing with different opinions. The outcome of thispaper is user-friendly software, where you can easily find the specific subjectof interest, and by the click of a button, get the related information you areseeking. Introduction The purpose of development of well control procedure is to prevent catastrophesthat could result from blowouts. The objective of this paper is to propose amodel to serve as a training tool. The development of up to date source ofproper well control practices is a challenging task. Using current methods offlow charts in decision making does not allow enough room for different orchanging well control practices to be included. The design of optimum well control practises depends mainly on previousexperience and knowledge to successfully complete with a degree of confidence. Effective communication is also an important factor for successful well controloperations. Good coordination is required between the engineer, the servicecompany and the rig foreman. Knowledge transfer in well control operations istherefore fundamental for the optimal design of the job. Field experiences are required for well control specialists to select optimumpractices. In some instances, well control operation failures can occur becauseof the lack of knowledge or lack of knowledge transfer. There are different methods that companies have approached to make guidelinesfor their engineers to save on operations cost and time. However, these methodscan not be used by other companies or experts with different opinions or withdifferent field conditions. Al-Yami et al. (2010) were the first to propose a systematic approach to buildexpert systems that can be used in optimum selection and execution ofsuccessful cementing operations using Artificial Bayesian Intelligence.
Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective One-Pot Synthesis of Acyclic Epoxy Alcohols with Three Contiguous Stereocenters (2004)

Two highly enantio- and diastereoselective one-pot procedures for the synthesis of epoxy alcohols with up to three contiguous stereocenters are reported. Route one involves asymmetric addition of an alkylzinc reagent to an enal followed by diastereoselective epoxidation. Route two entails asymmetric vinylation of an aldehyde with divinylzinc reagents and subsequent diastereoselective epoxidation. The oxidant for the epoxidation is generated by exposure of the allylic alkoxide intermediate and the remaining organozinc reagent to dioxygen. Upon addition of catalytic titanium tetraisopropoxide, the directed epoxidation yields the epoxy alcohols with good to excellent yields.
The design of the fixed point unit for the z990 microprocessor (2004)

The paper presents the design of the Fixed Point Unit (FXU) for the IBM eServer z990 microprocessor (announced in 2Q '03) that runs at 1.2 GHz [2]. The FXU is capable of executing two Register-Memory instructions including arithmetic instructions and a branch instruction in a single cycle. The FXU executes a total of 369 instructions that operate on variable size operands (1 to 256 bytes). The instruction set include decimal arithmetic with multiplies and divides, binary arithmetic, shifts and rotates, loads/stores, branches, long moves, logical operations, convert instructions, and other special instructions. The FXU consists of 64-bit dataflow stack that is custom designed and a control stack that is synthesized. The current FXU is the first superscalar design for the CMOS z-series machines, has a new improved decimal unit, and has for the first time a 16x64 bit binary multiplier.
Spoofed surface plasmon Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure for THz bio-sensing applications (2012)

We designed and analyzed Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure consisted of doubly-corrugated spoofed surface plasmon polariton (DC-SSPP) waveguide. In this abstract a mathematical model is used to predict the phase accumulation of THz signals travelling through each arm of the MZI with various sample loadings. HFSS simulation is performed as verification of the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that when compared with single-armed SSPP waveguide, the MZI structure shows significant shift of the transmission maxima and minima when different DNA samples are loaded, as well as remarkably elevated qualify factors for the transmission peaks. This structure can be potentially used in applications such as tag-free genetic molecular sensing. The highly localized E-M field at frequencies close to SSPP resonance is shown to be beneficial as it may reduce the sample amount needed without affecting the selectivity of the sensing structure.
Learning Capture Points for humanoid push recovery (2007)

We present a method for learning capture points for humanoid push recovery. A capture point is a point on the ground to which the biped can step and stop without requiring another step. Being able to predict the location of such points is very useful for recovery from significant disturbances, such as after being pushed. While dynamic models can be used to compute capture points, model assumptions and modeling errors can lead to stepping in the wrong place, which can result in large velocity errors after stepping.We present a method for computing capture points by learning offsets to the capture points predicted by the linear inverted pendulum model, which assumes a point mass biped with constant center of Mass height. We validate our method on a three dimensional humanoid robot simulation with 12 actuated lower body degrees of freedom, distributed mass, and articulated limbs. Using our learning approach, robustness to pushes is significantly improved as compared to using the linear inverted pendulum model without learning.
Discovery of GLPG1972/S201086, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable ADAMTS-5 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2021)

There are currently no approved disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOADs). The aggrecanase ADAMTS-5 is key in the degradation of human aggrecan (AGC), a component of cartilage. Therefore, ADAMTS-5 is a promising target for the identification of DMOADs. We describe the discovery of GLPG1972/S201086, a potent and selective ADAMTS-5 inhibitor obtained by optimization of a promising hydantoin series following an HTS. Biochemical activity against rat and human ADAMTS-5 was assessed via a fluorescence-based assay. ADAMTS-5 inhibitory activity was confirmed with human aggrecan using an AGC ELISA. The most promising compounds were selected based on reduction of glycosaminoglycan release after interleukin-1 stimulation in mouse cartilage explants and led to the discovery of GLPG1972/S201086. The anticatabolic activity was confirmed in mouse cartilage explants (IC<sub>50</sub> < 1.5 μM). The cocrystal structure of GLPG1972/S201086 with human recombinant ADAMTS-5 is discussed. GLPG1972/S201086 has been investigated in a phase 2 clinical study in patients with knee OA (NCT03595618).
Effect of a glucagon receptor antibody (REMD‐477) in type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial (2017)

The aim of the current study (Clinical trial reg. no. NCT02715193, clinicaltrials.gov) was to study the efficacy and safety of REMD-477, a glucagon receptor antagonist, in type 1 diabetes. This was a randomized controlled trial in which 21 patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled. Glycaemic control and insulin use were evaluated in outpatient and inpatient settings, before and after a single 70-mg dose of REMD-477 (half-life 7-10 days) or placebo. Inpatient insulin use was 26% (95% CI, 47%, 4%) lower 1 day after dosing with REMD-477 than with placebo (P = .02). Continuous glucose monitoring during post-treatment days 6 to 12 showed that average daily glucose was 27 mg/dL lower (P < .001), percent time-in-target-range (70-180 mg/dL) was ~25% greater (~3.5 h/d) (P = .001), and percent time-in-hyperglycaemic-range (> 180 mg/dL) was ~40% lower (~4 h/d) (P = .001) in the REMD-477 group than in the placebo group, without a difference in percent time-in-hypoglycaemic-range (<70 mg/dL). No serious adverse events were reported. Glucagon receptor antagonism decreases insulin requirements and improves glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Heat producing device. [gasification of cellulosic fuels] (1979)

A heat producing device utilizing solid carbonaceous material, especially material of cellulosic composition such as corn cobs, as fuel is described. The heat producing device includes a gasifier for the carbonaceous material. The gas outlet of the gasifier leads to a burner. A cyclonic burning chamber and particle separator are connected to the discharge of the burner. The cyclonic burning chamber and particle separator has a heat outlet and a particle discharge outlet. An adjustable air inlet and mixing chamber are installed in the heat outlet for adding ambient air to reduce the temperature of the heat discharged from the heat outlet. A discharge fan has an inlet connected to the mixing chamber and an outlet for discharging the heat received therefrom to a drying chamber or other heat utilizing source.
Thermal stability of Si/Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>/Si heterojunction bipolar transistor structures grown by limited reaction processing (1989)

The thermal stability of Si/500-Å-thick Si0.77Ge0.23 bilayers grown on Si by limited reaction processing is studied as a function of Si capping layer thickness. After annealing for 4 min at 850 °C, misfit dislocation spacings increase monotonically with cap thickness from 0.5 μm for an uncapped film to greater than 50 μm for a layer with a 500-Å-thick cap. Thus, an epitaxial Si cap of sufficient thickness prevents significant misfit dislocation formation during this anneal. Experimental observations are reported which indicate that the Si cap enhances thermal stability by inhibiting both dislocation nucleation and propagation. These results are very encouraging since they suggest that high-temperature processing of Si/Si1−xGex device structures may be possible without significant misfit dislocation formation.
Air Activated Self‐Decontaminating Polydicyclopentadiene PolyHIPE Foams for Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents (2018)

The threat of chemical warfare agents (CWA) compels research into novel self-decontaminating materials (SDM) for the continued safety of first-responders, civilians, and active service personnel. The capacity to actively detoxify, as opposed to merely sequester, offending agents under typical environmental conditions defines the added value of SDMs in comparison to traditional adsorptive materials. Porous polymers, synthesized via the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating, provide a facile fabrication method for materials with permeable open cellular structures that may serve in air filtration applications. PolyHIPEs comprising polydicyclopentadiene (polyDCPD) networks form stable hydroperoxide species following activation in air under ambient conditions. The hydroperoxide-containing polyDCPD materials react quickly with CWA simulants, Demeton-S and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, forming oxidation products as confirmed via gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The simplicity of the detoxification chemistry paired with the porous foam form factor presents an exciting opportunity for the development of self-decontaminating filter media.
Structural characteristics of low torque and ring spun yarns (2010)

In this paper we present a comparative study on the structural characteristics of three-dimensional fiber configurations in low torque and ring spun yarns. Three-dimensional configurations of tracer fibers in the two types of yarns were measured by a continuous measurement system. Critical parameters were obtained, including the occurrence frequencies of unique features, the radial position, fiber spatial orientation angle, migration frequency, and amplitude. Results reveal that nearly half of the fiber specimens in low torque yarns followed a deformed non-concentric conical helix of which the size of helical loops varies significantly and the axis of the helix does not coincide with the yarn axis. Local reversion phenomena appear on many fiber segments. In addition, most fibers in low torque yarns are located close to the yarn center, and alter their radial position in a yarn with larger amplitude. Those features offer an explanation for the excellent physical properties of low torque yarns, that is, low twist, high strength, and low residual torque.
ELECTROCHEMICAL REMEDIATION OF ARSENIC-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER — RESULTS OF PROTOTYPE FIELD TESTS IN BANGLADESH (2009)

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 50 million people in Bangladesh drink arsenic-laden water, making it the largest case of mass poisoning in human history. Many methods of arsenic removal (mostly using chemical adsorbents) have been studied, but most of these are too expensive and impractical to be implemented in poor countries such as Bangladesh. This project investigates ElectroChemical Arsenic Remediation (ECAR) as an affordable means of removing arsenic. Experiments were performed on site in Bangladesh using a prototype termed “sushi”. This device consists of carbon steel sheets that serve as electrodes wrapped into a cylinder, separated by plastic mesh and surrounded by a tube-like container that serves as a holding cell in which the water is treated electrochemically. During the electrochemical process, current is applied to both electrodes causing iron to oxidize to various forms of iron (hydr)oxides. These species bind to arsenic(V) with very high affi nity. ECAR also has the advantage that As(III), the more toxic form of arsenic, oxidizes to As(V) in situ. Only As(V) is known to complex with iron (hydr)oxides. One of the main objectives of this research is to demonstrate the ability of the new prototype to reduce arsenic concentrations in Bangladesh groundwater from >200 ppb to below the WHO limit of 10 ppb. In addition, varying fl ow rate and dosage and the effect on arsenic removal was investigated. Experiments showed that ECAR reduced Bangladeshi water with an initial arsenic concentration as high as 250 ppb to below 10 ppb. ECAR proved to be effective at dosages as high as 810 Coulombs/Liter (C/L) and as low as 386 C/L (current 1 A, voltage 12 V). These results are encouraging and provide great promise that ECAR is an effi cient method in the remediation of arsenic from contaminated groundwater. A preliminary investigation of arsenic removal trends with varying Coulombic dosage, complexation time and fi ltration methods is also presented.
Friction estimation at tyre–ground contact based on the Gough-plot for safe autonomous vehicles (2016)

A smart wheel is used to measure the forces at the tyre-ground interface and detect the friction potential (i.e. the available friction, i.e. the maximum horizontal force that the tyre can apply to the ground). The friction potential estimation is based on the Gough-plot and has been performed during simulations and actual tests. Preliminary simulations showed the feasibility of the approach for detecting quickly the change of tyre-ground friction (while passing from dry to wet road surface, or vice versa). Experimental activities have been carried out to test the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed friction potential evaluation method. Indoor tests, performed on a drum machine in a carefully controlled environment, have shown the ability of the algorithm to recognize three different tyre-ground friction levels. Outdoor tests, performed by using a car fitted with smart wheels running on a rough road with alternate sections of dry and wet asphalt, have shown complex dynamic phenomena related to the tyre/suspension deformations. These phenomena deserve more investigation. By resorting to a neural network to process the data, a fairly good estimation of the friction potential has been achieved.
Adaptive connection admission control for differentiated services access networks (2005)

Previously, we proposed some modifications for the bandwidth broker framework. With our modifications, it is possible to use measurement-based admission control (MBAC) in addition to the more traditional parameter-based admission control (PBAC). Moreover, we have presented a new flexible admission control scheme that has proven to be very efficient in terms of bottleneck link utilization. Two problems, however, have arisen: the use of scheduling weights in admission control; bursty connection arrivals. We propose that the former can be dealt with by the use of adaptive scheduling weights, while the latter can be fought with adaptive reservation limits. The proposed new algorithms are validated through simulations and their performance is compared against the non-adaptive basic scheme.
Identification and Purification of Parathyroid Hypertensive Factor From Organ Culture of Parathyroid Glands From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1993)

Parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) is a newly described hypertensive factor isolated from the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Recent studies have suggested that the primary origin of PHF is the parathyroid gland (PG). In the present investigation, PG from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as from normotensive rats, were isolated and maintained in culture. The PG from SHR, but not normotensive rats, released PHF into the culture medium. Omission of calcium from the culture medium stimulated the release of PHF. For purification of PHF, parathyroid gland culture medium (PGCM) was first dialyzed at 1000 mwco, and then ultrafiltered at 5000 molecular weight cut-off (mwco). PHF activity was retained in the fraction that was greater than 1000 daltons and less than 5000 daltons. Dialyzed and filtered SHR PGCM was fractionated by molecular exclusion HPLC. Biologically active PHF was collected in a discrete region. The biologically active molecular exclusion fraction was subsequently fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC (C-8). PHF was collected in a single discrete peak, which did not occur in culture medium prepared from normotensive PG in a similar manner. This biologically active peak occurred in the same position on molecular exclusion and reverse-phase HPLC as PHF purified from SHR plasma using similar procedures. Incubation of PGCM with trypsin inactivates the biological activity of PHF. The UV spectrum of PGCM PHF is identical to that obtained from purified plasma PHF. These results are consistent with the presence of a peptide moiety in PHF, and support the parathyroid origin of plasma PHF.
Enzymatic grafting of hexyloxyphenol onto chitosan to alter surface and rheological properties (2000)

An enzymatic method to graft hexyloxyphenol onto the biopolymer chitosan was studied. The method employs tyrosinase to convert the phenol into a reactive o-quinone, which undergoes subsequent nonenzymatic reaction with chitosan. Reactions were conducted under heterogeneous conditions using chitosan films and also under homogeneous conditions using aqueous methanolic mixtures capable of dissolving both hexyloxyphenol and chitosan. Tyrosinase was shown to catalyze the oxidation of hexyloxyphenol in such aqueous methanolic solutions. Chemical evidence for covalent grafting onto chitosan was provided by three independent spectroscopic approaches. Specifically, enzymatic modification resulted in (1) the appearance of broad absorbance in the 350-nm region of the UV/vis spectra for chitosan films; (2) changes in the NH bending and stretching regions of chitosan's IR spectra; and (3) a base-soluble material with (1)H-NMR signals characteristic of both chitosan and the alkyl groups of hexyloxyphenol. Hexyloxyphenol modification resulted in dramatic changes in chitosan's functional properties. On the basis of contact angle measurements, heterogeneous modification of a chitosan film yielded a hydrophobic surface. Homogeneously modified chitosan offered rheological properties characteristic of associating water-soluble polymers.