gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replicable in vivo physiological and behavioral phenotypes of the Shank3B null mutant mouse model of autism (2017)

Robust animal models and quantitative, replicable biomarkers of neural dysfunction are needed to decrease risk and enable successful drug discovery and development for ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Complementary to the replicated behavioral phenotypes of the <i>Shank3B</i> mutant mouse is the new identification of a robust, translational in vivo neurophysiological phenotype. Our findings provide strong evidence for robustness and replicability of key translational phenotypes in <i>Shank3B</i> mutant mice and support the usefulness of this mouse model of ASD for therapeutic discovery.
Quantitation of metabolic and radiobiological effects of 6-aminonicotinamide in RIF-1 tumor cells in vitro. (1997)

6-Aminonicotinamide (6AN) can be metabolized to 6-amino-NAD(P+), a competitive inhibitor of NAD(P+)-requiring processes, especially the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The effect of 6AN on the flux of 1 and 6 13C-labeled glucose to lactate, via glycolysis and the PPP, was investigated using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance. These studies showed that 6AN as a single agent caused a significant 89% (P < 0.0001) inhibition of glycolytic flux but had no detectable effect on the PPP. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance studies of perifused RIF-1 cells indicated that 4 h of exposure to 6AN were sufficient to cause significant accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate, the substrate for this enzyme (P < 0.0001). A significant reduction in the phosphocreatine: inorganic phosphate ratio was observed under conditions that led to accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate (P < 0.006). Accumulation of 6-phosphogluconate and subsequent reduction in phosphocreatine correlated with significant potentiation of 6 Gy of irradiation by 6AN. These results suggest that the radiation enhancement effect of 6AN may be due to inhibition of glycolysis (mediated by 6-phosphogluconate) and the associated reduction in high-energy phosphates. Additional studies analyzing the metabolic effects of 6AN in combination with radiation are necessary to determine the role of inhibition of the PPP in 6AN enhancement of radiation.
Current Ripple Reduction for Cascaded H-bridge Converter with Phase-Shifted Carrier PWM (2018)

This paper proposes a new method to reduce the output current ripple in Cascaded H-bridge converter with Phase-Shifted Carrier PWM. The proposed technique introduces a new technique, namely Carrier Phase Angle Offset (CPAO), which changes the phase shift of the carriers between the phase legs of the converter. The mathematical analysis of the proposed technique is presented. Simulation results is provided to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show the proposed technique significantly reduces both the peak-to-peak and RMS current ripple.
The migration ability of stem cells can explain the existence of cancer of unknown primary site. Rethinking metastasis. (2015)

Cancers of unknown primary site are metastatic cancers for which primary tumors are not found after detailed investigations. In many cases, the site of origin is not identified even on postmortem examination. These cancers are the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The biological events involved in the development of this type of cancers remain unknown. This manuscript discusses that, like metastatic cells, stem cells have a natural ability to migrate. A cancer of unknown primary site would form when deregulated, premalignant or cancerous stem cells migrated away from their natural tissue and gave rise to a cancer in a new site before or without generating a tumor in their original tissue. It is important to realize that forming a tumor in a tissue is not a prerequisite for stem cells to migrate away from that tissue. This view is in accordance with recent observations that strongly support the tumorigenesis model in which cancer arises from normal stem cells. Evidence has accumulated that cancer stem cells may play a key role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Successful treatment of cancer, including that of unknown primary site, may therefore require the development of therapies against cancer stem cells.
Safety Annex for the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (2018)

Model-based development techniques are increasingly being used in the development of critical systems software. Leveraging the artifacts from model based development in the safety analysis process would be highly desirable to provide accurate analysis and enable cost savings. In particular, architectural and behavioral models provide rich information about the system's operation. In this paper we describe an extension to the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) developed to allow a rich modeling of a system under failure conditions. This emph{Safety Annex} allows the independent modeling of component failure modes and allows safety engineers to weave various types of faults into the nominal system model. The accompanying tool support allows investigation of the propagation of errors from their source to their effect on top level safety properties without the need to add separate propagation specifications; it also supports describing dependent faults that are not captured through the behavioral models, e.g., failures correlated due to the physical structure of the system. We describe the Safety Annex, illustrate its use with a representative example, and discuss and demonstrate the tool support enabling an analyst to investigate the system behavior under failure conditions.
Initial experience with the modified extracorporeal liver-assist device for patients with fulminant hepatic failure: system modifications and clinical impact (2002)

The patients tolerated treatment with the ELAD well. There were no unanticipated safety issues. The cells in the cartridges were metabolically active. All patients successfully underwent transplantation. The results from this single-institution experience indicates that larger randomized multicenter trials should proceed.
A bilateral electrochemical hydrogen pump reactor for 2-propanol dehydrogenation and phenol hydrogenation (2015)

In this paper, an EHP is proposed for use as a reactor to complete organic dehydrogenation and biomass derivative hydrogenation simultaneously.
The truncated double cosine theta superconducting septum magnet (1989)

The study deals with nonferrous two-dimensional arrays of line currents, creating magnetic fields suitable for guiding or focusing particle beams. Methods have been found to reduce stray fields to the level of one part per thousand of the useful magnetic field and reach precision of the useful field to the level of 100 ppm. Complex potential theory is used throughout. In particular, the method is applied to the design of a dc superconducting dipole septum magnet, which can be used for inflection of a particle beam into a storage ring, leading to the concept of the truncated double cosine theta septum magnet. The space required for the septum can be made small, so that the device may compete with similar room temperature puulsed septum magnets. The Lorentz forces have been evaluated, including those which occur when the device is immersed in the field of another magnet. Selected combinations of multipoles are considered, showing novel ways to reduce stray fields.
On OTFS Modulation for High-Doppler Fading Channels (2018)

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a 2-dimensional (2D) modulation scheme designed in the delay-Doppler domain, unlike traditional modulation schemes which are designed in the time-frequency domain. Through a series of 2D transformations, OTFS converts a doubly-dispersive channel into an almost non-fading channel in the delay-Doppler domain. In this domain, each symbol in a frame experiences an almost constant fade, thus achieving significant performance gains over existing modulation schemes such as OFDM. The sparse delay-Doppler impulse response which reflects the actual physical geometry of the wireless channel enables efficient channel estimation, especially in high-Doppler fading channels. This paper investigates OTFS from a signal detection and channel estimation perspective, and proposes a Markov chain Monte-Carlo sampling based detection scheme and a pseudo-random noise (PN) pilot based channel estimation scheme in the delay-Doppler domain.
Heteroatom-doped highly porous carbon from human urine (2014)

Human urine, otherwise potentially polluting waste, is an universal unused resource in organic form disposed by the human body. We present for the first time "proof of concept" of a convenient, perhaps economically beneficial, and innovative template-free route to synthesize highly porous carbon containing heteroatoms such as N, S, Si, and P from human urine waste as a single precursor for carbon and multiple heteroatoms. High porosity is created through removal of inherently-present salt particles in as-prepared "Urine Carbon" (URC), and multiple heteroatoms are naturally doped into the carbon, making it unnecessary to employ troublesome expensive pore-generating templates as well as extra costly heteroatom-containing organic precursors. Additionally, isolation of rock salts is an extra bonus of present work. The technique is simple, but successful, offering naturally doped conductive hierarchical porous URC, which leads to superior electrocatalytic ORR activity comparable to state of the art Pt/C catalyst along with much improved durability and methanol tolerance, demonstrating that the URC can be a promising alternative to costly Pt-based electrocatalyst for ORR. The ORR activity can be addressed in terms of heteroatom doping, surface properties and electrical conductivity of the carbon framework.
Mehrfachorientierung als Herausforderung für Eigenständigkeit – Zur Geschichte der SGL und ihrer Vorgängerverbände (2021)

Der Beitrag bietet einen Einblick in die „longue durée“ der Entstehung, Strukturierung und Restrukturierung der verbandsmäßigen Organisation von Lehrpersonen der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung. Aufgrund der veränderten Positionierung innerhalb des Bildungssystems, die die SGL und ihre Vorgängerverbände thematisierten – sie teils aktiv vorantrieben, von ihr teils zu Anpassungen gezwungen waren –, entwickelte sich die Gruppierung der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung aus Formen von Konferenzen der Volksschulstufe zu einem selbstständigen Verein und schon früh zu einer Sektion des Vereins der Lehrpersonen der Mittelschulstufe (VSG) und später zu einem neu vernetzten Verband der Tertiärstufe (SGL). Der Beitrag geht von der These aus, dass die fachliche und anstellungsbedingte Mehrfachorientierung seiner Mitglieder und ihr Bestreben nach Eigenständigkeit wesentlich zur Dynamik der Vereinsstrukturen mit Brüchen und Kontinuitäten beigetragen haben. Ein spezifisches Interesse des Beitrags gilt den im Verlaufe der Verbandsgeschichte bearbeiteten Themen, den Themenkonjunkturen und dem Einbezug von Frauen in die SGL und ihre Vorgängervereine. (DIPF/Orig.)
Keeping Humans in the Loop: Pooling Knowledge through Artificial Swarm Intelligence to Improve Business Decision Making (2019)

This article explores how a collaboration technology called Artificial Swarm Intelligence (ASI) addresses the limitations associated with group decision making, amplifies the intelligence of human groups, and facilitates better business decisions. It demonstrates of how ASI has been used by businesses to harness the diverse perspectives that individual participants bring to groups and to facilitate convergence upon decisions. It advances the understanding of how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to enhance, rather than replace, teams as they collaborate to make business decisions.
A Survey of Automated Layout Techniques for Information Presentations (2005)

Layout refers to the process of determining the sizes and positions of the visual objects that are part of an information presentation. Automated layout refers to the use of a computer program to automate either all or part of the layout process. This field of research lies at the crossroads between artificial intelligence and human computer interaction. Automated layout of presentations is becoming increasingly important as the amount of data that we need to present rapidly overtakes our ability to present it manually. We survey and analyze the techniques used by research systems that have automated layout components and suggest possible areas of future work.
Aging in Mouse and Human Systems (2006)

This article discusses the significance of mouse models as a basis for elucidating the aging process in humans. We identify certain parallels between mouse and human systems and review the theoretical and empirical support for the claim that the large divergence in the rate of aging between the two species resides in differences in the stability of their metabolic networks. We will show that these differences in metabolic stability have their origin in the different ecological constraints the species experience during their evolutionary history. We exploit these ideas to compare the effect of caloric restriction on murine and human systems. The studies predict that the large increases in mean life span and maximum life-span potential observed in laboratory rodents subject to caloric restriction will not obtain in human populations. We predict that, in view of the different metabolic stability of the two systems, caloric restriction will have no effect on the maximum life-span potential of humans, and a relatively minor effect on the mean life span of nonobese populations. This article thus points to certain intrinsic limitations in the use of mouse models in elucidating the aging process in humans. We furthermore contend the view that these limitations can be mitigated by considering the metabolic stability of the two species.
224-Gb/s 10-km Transmission of PDM PAM-4 at 1.3 μm Using a Single Intensity-Modulated Laser and a Direct-Detection MIMO DSP-Based Receiver (2015)

A polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) system enabled by a novel multiple-input and multiple-output DSP operating in the Stokes space following a DD receiver is demonstrated. Modulating the intensity of the two orthogonal polarization states of a single laser enables doubling the maximum achievable bit rate per wavelength channel, which halves the number of required laser sources in a transceiver using PDM and WDM to achieve an aggregate bit rate compared to using only WDM. Quantitatively, 224 Gb/s is experimentally transmitted over 10 km using a single 1310-nm laser and a silicon photonic intensity modulator using 56-Gbaud PDM PAM-4 with a BER of 4.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . Also, PDM enables halving the baud rate needed to achieve 112 Gb/s resulting in 20-km transmission at low BERs (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> ), using either 56-Gbaud PAM-2 or 28-Gbaud PAM-4. These low pre-FEC BERs achieved at 112 Gb/s allow reducing the FEC overhead required compared to a single polarization system that employs twice the baud rate to achieve the same bit rate. Though the transceiver was implemented using discrete components, it can be fully integrated on a SiP chip, enabling its practical realization for short-reach optical interconnects inside datacenters. Finally, in addition to the experimental results, we perform simulations to further investigate the performance of the receiver. In particular, we studied the impact of varying the splitting ratios of the two couplers in the proposed front-end and concluded that using 67/33 couplers instead of 50/50 couplers renders the performance completely independent of the state of polarization of the received signal.
Design and diagnosis of a 5 GHz 10-pole HTS bandpass filter using CPW quarter-wavelength resonators (2003)

A high temperature superconductor (HTS) 5 GHz 10-pole bandpass filter (BPF) is designed by using coplanar waveguide (CPW) quarter-wavelength resonators. The 10-pole Chebyshev BPF has a center frequency 5.0 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 3.2%. Based on an equivalent circuit with J- and K-inverters, the filter is first designed by using an EM simulator. Next an optimization algorithm is employed to diagnose the discrepancy between the filter response calculated by the EM simulator and the equivalent circuit. Adjustment of the dimensions of the filter is made thereby. The frequency response of the adjusted filter well satisfies the design specifications.
Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals (2001)

The quantum properties of the fluorescence light emitted by diamond nanocrystals containing a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colored center are investigated. We have observed photon antibunching with very low background light. This system is therefore a very good candidate for the production of single photon on demand. In addition, we have measured a larger NV center lifetime in nanocrystals than in the bulk, in good agreement with a simple quantum electrodynamical model.
Alberta (2020)

Funding varied as provincial budgets cycled between surpluses and cutbacks and political attention to climate change rose and fell. The subsequent section outlines the regulatory frameworks for large final emitters, from both the 2008 and 2015 climate plans. Existing incentive programs are those offered by the Municipal Climate Change Action Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Alberta Indigenous Relations, as well as Alberta Seniors and Housing. The main stakeholders involved in EE are the Government of Alberta and Energy Efficiency Alberta, a new provincial Crown Corporation responsible for administering EE programs in the province. Government of Alberta efforts on EE are led by the Alberta Climate Change Office (ACCO). The ACCO is responsible for administering the carbon levy of the province and working with other departments on the distribution of revenues, which includes levy rebates for consumers, funds for emission reduction initiatives, and assistance to communities that are being impacted by the phase out of coal-fired power.
A Combinatorial Approach to Polyketide-Type Libraries by Iterative Asymmetric Aldol Reactions Performed on Solid Support (2000)

Solid-phase synthesis of polyketide-type sequences, such as 1, can be achieved efficiently by iterative, boron-mediated, aldol reactions of chiral ketones 2 with a polystyrene-supported aldehyde 3. Combinatorial variation of the chain extension units, and the stereochemistry of the aldol and reduction steps, leads to the expansion of polyketide molecular diversity. PMB=p-MeOC6H4CH2.
Timing of androgen receptor disruption and estrogen exposure underlies a spectrum of congenital penile anomalies (2015)

Congenital penile anomalies (CPAs) are among the most common human birth defects. Reports of CPAs, which include hypospadias, chordee, micropenis, and ambiguous genitalia, have risen sharply in recent decades, but the causes of these malformations are rarely identified. Both genetic anomalies and environmental factors, such as antiandrogenic and estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are suspected to cause CPAs; however, little is known about the temporal window(s) of sensitivity to EDCs, or the tissue-specific roles and downstream targets of the androgen receptor (AR) in external genitalia. Here, we show that the full spectrum of CPAs can be produced by disrupting AR at different developmental stages and in specific cell types in the mouse genital tubercle. Inactivation of AR during a narrow window of prenatal development results in hypospadias and chordee, whereas earlier disruptions cause ambiguous genitalia and later disruptions cause micropenis. The neonatal phase of penile development is controlled by the balance of AR to estrogen receptor α (ERα) activity; either inhibition of androgen or augmentation of estrogen signaling can induce micropenis. AR and ERα have opposite effects on cell division, apoptosis, and regulation of Hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling in the genital tubercle. We identify Indian hedgehog (Ihh) as a novel downstream target of AR in external genitalia and show that conditional deletion of Ihh inhibits penile masculinization. These studies reveal previously unidentified cellular and molecular mechanisms by which antiandrogenic and estrogenic signals induce penile malformations and demonstrate that the timing of endocrine disruption can determine the type of CPA.
Characteristics of menthone encapsulated complex by mungbean, tapioca, and rice starches (2016)

In order to use commercial starch for flavor encapsulation, three starches (mungbean, rice, and tapioca) were selected to determine their ability to form inclusion complex with menthone. Mungbean starch had the highest amylose content, followed by rice starch and tapioca starch, respectively. After complexation, appearance and microstructure changes were observed for all starches. Mungbean and tapioca complexes with well-organized V7 crystalline pattern gave similar menthone entrapment (around 4%) which was higher than that of the rice sample (<1%). Molecular size distribution of the complexes revealed the role of amylose fractions for both mungbean and tapioca complexes. According to differential scanning calorimetric analysis, menthone complexes formation was confirmed by a thermoreversible event. Regarding the high yield of starch precipitate and menthone entrapment, mungbean starch is considered a more suitable material for menthone encapsulation rather than tapioca and rice starches.
Out-of-vocabulary word modelling and rejection for keyword spotting (1993)

This paper presents a combination of out-of-vocabulary
(OOV) word modeling and rejection techniques in an attempt to accept
utterances embedding a keyword and reject utterances with nonkeywords.
The goal of this research is to develop a robust, task-independent
Spanish keyword spotter and to develop a method for optimizing
confidence thresholds for a particular context. To model OOV words,
we employed both word and sub-word units as fillers, combined with
n-gram language models. We also introduce a methodology for optimizing
confidence thresholds to control the tradeoffs between acceptance,
confirmation, and rejection of utterances. Our experiments are based on
a Mexican Spanish auto-attendant system using the SpeechWorks recognizer
release 6.5 Second Edition, in which we achieved a reduction
in error of 8.9% as compared to the baseline system. Most of the error
reduction is attributed to better keyword detection in utterances that
contain both keywords and OOV words.
Immunization with recombinant BCG-SIV elicits SIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys (1993)

Because the transmission of HIV is likely to occur through cell-associated virus, an effective HIV vaccine should be capable of eliciting HIV-specific CTL. We have employed the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/rhesus monkey model to explore the use of the attenuated tuberculosis bacillus, Calmette Guérin bacillus (BCG), as a vaccine vehicle to elicit AIDS virus-specific CTL. BCG was engineered to express SIVmac gag under the control of hsp70 regulatory sequences. Immunization with this rBCG-SIVmac gag elicited MHC class I-restricted, CD8+ SIVmac gag-specific CTL in rhesus monkeys. In fact, SIVmac gag-specific CTL could be cloned readily from peripheral blood lymphocytes of these immunized monkeys. These findings provide further evidence for the power of BCG as a vaccine vector and its continued exploration as a vehicle for eliciting HIV-specific immunity.