gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of smooth muscle cell growth by components of the extracellular matrix: autocrine role for thrombospondin. (1986)

Addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to growth-arrested cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) induces the synthesis and secretion of thrombospondin (TS), a glycoprotein component of the SMC extracellular matrix in vitro. This induction occurs at PDGF concentrations that are suboptimal for a mitogenic response. In this study we examined the effect of TS on the proliferation of SMC, using a serum-free mitogenesis assay. Addition of either epidermal growth factor (EGF) or purified human platelet TS to quiescent rat vascular SMC did not substantially stimulate mitogenesis; the 30-hr nuclear labeling index increased from a mean of 7% in control cells to 20% for EGF-treated SMC and 17% for cells exposed to TS alone. However, TS and EGF acted synergistically to stimulate DNA synthesis by SMC, increasing the labeling index to 47%. The facilitative effect of TS on EGF-mediated mitogenesis was inhibited by heparin, a known inhibitor of SMC growth and migration that also blocks incorporation of TS into the SMC extracellular matrix. The effect was specific for EGF; TS did not augment the response of cells to insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1. These data establish a functional role for cell-derived TS and provide evidence for the presence of an autocrine, growth-supportive mechanism involving the extracellular matrix. In addition, our experiments support the existence of a novel, heparin-sensitive SMC mitogenic pathway and suggest a mechanism whereby heparin-like molecules may inhibit SMC proliferation.
Universal fault simulation using fault tuples (2000)

We introduce a new fault representation mechanism for digital circuits based on fault tuples. A fault tuple is a simple 3-element condition for a signal line, its value, and clock cycle constrain t. AND-OR expressions of fault tuples are used to represent arbitrary misbehaviors. A fault simulator based on fault tuples was used to conduct experiments on benc hmark circuits. Simulation results show that a 17% reduction of average CPU time is achiev ed when performing sim ulation on all fault types simultaneously, as opposed to individually. We expect further improvements in speedup when the shared characteristics of the various fault types are better exploited.
Novel thermally resistant polysilphenylenesiloxanes with a high content of vinyl substituents (2004)

Abstract Polysilphenylenesiloxanes containing various amounts of vinyl substituents (ranging from partial (25 %) to complete (100 %)) on the silicon atoms were synthesized. 29 Si NMR spectroscopy revealed that they had a well defined structure, as designed. Unlike the known crystalline poly(tetramethyl‐ p ‐silphenylenesiloxane), all polymers containing vinyl side groups were amorphous and showed low T g s, ranging from −52 to −32 °C (from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). Dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) analyses indicated that they all possessed a greatly improved thermal stability up to 500 °C, and have ultra‐high residual yields at 1000 °C under both inert and oxidative conditions. Polysilphenylenesiloxanes containing a high percentage of vulcanizable vinyl substituents should be excellent candidates for high‐temperature polymers and have potential applications such as heat‐resistant or flame‐retardant materials. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Extended coherent point drift algorithm with correspondence priors and optimal subsampling (2016)

The problem of dense point set registration, given a sparse set of prior correspondences, often arises in computer vision tasks. Unlike in the rigid case, integrating prior knowledge into a registration algorithm is especially demanding in the non-rigid case due to the high variability of motion and deformation. In this paper we present the Extended Coherent Point Drift registration algorithm. It enables, on the one hand, to couple correspondence priors into the dense registration procedure in a closed form and, on the other hand, to process large point sets in reasonable time through adopting an optimal coarse-to-fine strategy. Combined with a suitable keypoint extractor during the preprocessing step, our method allows for non-rigid registrations with increased accuracy for point sets with structured outliers. We demonstrate advantages of our approach against other non-rigid point set registration methods in synthetic and real-world scenarios.
Enhancement of Bioavailability of Ketoprofen Using Dry Elixir as a Novel Dosage Form (1998)

To enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ketoprofen, a novel oral dosage form of ketoprofen, termed ketoprofen dry elixir, was developed by the spray-drying technique. Ketoprofen, dextrin, and sodium lauryl sulfate were dissolved in an ethanol-water mixture (20:25 w/w) and thereafter spray-dried to form the ketoprofen dry elixir. Comparative studies on the in vitro dissolution and in vivo adsorption of ketoprofen in the form of dry elixir and powder were carried out. Ketoprofen in the dry elixir completely dissolved within 5 min. On the other hand, only about 50.1% of ketoprofen powder alone dissolved during 60 min. The initial dissolution rate of ketoprofen in the dry elixir markedly increased in distilled water at 37 degrees C, becoming fourfold higher than that of ketoprofen powder alone. The maximal plasma concentration of ketoprofen (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to 8 hr (AUC0-8 hr) after the oral administration of dry elixir increased about 3.2- (24.6 versus 7.6 micrograms/ml) and 2.2-(38.4 versus 17.3 micrograms hr/ml) fold compared with powder alone. It was obvious that ketoprofen dry elixir might be a useful solid dosage form to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble ketoprofen.
Interaction of Hyaluronectin with Hyaluronic Acid Oligosaccharides (1985)

Hyaluronic acid was digested by bovine testicular hyaluronidase, and oligomers were fractionated by gel permeation using AcA 202 Ultrogel, an acrylamide-agarose matrix. Oligosaccharides composed of from two to six disaccharide repeating units were isolated. Two nonasaccharides were prepared by enzymatic or chemical modification of the decasaccharide. Oligosaccharides were compared by a competitive inhibition in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their ability to inhibit the interaction of hyaluronectin (a hyaluronic acid-binding brain glycoprotein) with hyaluronic acid. Among these oligosaccharides, decasaccharides were the smallest fragments that strongly inhibited the interaction. Octasaccharides inhibited with 700-fold lower affinity than decasaccharides. Dodecasaccharides had the same effect as decasaccharides. Nonasaccharides obtained by beta-glucuronidase splitting of decasaccharides inhibited the interaction more than nonasaccharides prepared by an alkaline treatment.
Single‐Crystal LiNi<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mn<i><sub>y</sub></i>Co<sub>1−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i><sub>−</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> Cathodes for Extreme Fast Charging (2022)

Ni-rich layered LiNi<sub>x</sub> Mn<sub>y</sub> Co<sub>1-</sub> <sub>x</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>y</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (NMCs, x ≥ 0.8) are poised to be the dominating cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries for the foreseeable future. Conventional polycrystalline NMCs, however, suffer from severe cracking along the grain boundaries of primary particles and capacity loss under high charge and/or discharge rates, hindering their implementation in fast-charging electric vehicular (EV) batteries. Single-crystal (SC) NMCs are attractive alternatives as they eliminate intergranular cracking and allow for grain-level surface optimization for fast Li transport. In the present study, the authors report synthetic approaches to produce SC LiNi<sub>0.8</sub> Co<sub>0.1</sub> Mn<sub>0.1</sub> O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811) samples with different morphologies: Oct-SC811 with predominating (012)-family surface and Poly-SC811 with predominating (104)-family surface. Poly-SC811, representing the first experimentally synthesized NMC811 single crystals with (104) surface, delivers superior performance even at the ultra-high rate of 6 C. Through detailed X-ray analysis and electron microscopy characterization, it is shown that the enhanced performance originates from better chemical and structural stabilities, faster Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion kinetics, suppressed side reactions with electrolyte, and excellent cracking resistance. These insights provide important design guidelines in the future development of fast-charging NMC-type cathode materials.
Characterization of the Roles of Vimentin in Regulating the Proliferation and Migration of HSCs during Hepatic Fibrogenesis (2019)

The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) manifested as proliferation and migration is the pivotal event involved in liver fibrogenesis. The vimentin network, an intermediate filament (IF) system, is one of the critical cascades by which the cell morphology, growth, and motility are modulated. However, the vimentin-mediated cytoskeletal cross talk, as well as the signaling transduction, which further coordinates the cellular responses during hepatic fibrogenesis, is poorly understood. In the current study, both messenger RNA (mRNA) and the vimentin protein were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-exposed liver. In particular, vimentin was highly expressed in the activated HSCs. Again, the overexpressed vimentin was observed in the plasma samples derived from patients with hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis, suggesting that vimentin may be a key factor in regulating the progression of liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, vimentin knockdown suppressed the migratory propensity, provoked morphological changes, and disturbed the focal adhesions in the HSCs due to the breakdown of associated cytoskeletal proteins. Western blotting showed that vimentin deletion inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and arrested the Rho GTPase family, thereby impairing the HSCs' growth as well as motility. The phosphorylated extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signals were also notably reduced in response to the silence of vimentin. Inhibitors of selected signaling pathways suppressed the migration and differentiation of activated HSCs by regulating specific serine phosphorylated sites on vimentin. Taken together, these findings revealed a novel mechanism of vimentin through which various signaling pathways controlled the proliferation, differentiation, and movement of the HSCs via the ERK/AKT and Rho cascades.
YAP promotes erlotinib resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer cells (2016)

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a main mediator of the Hippo pathway, which promotes cancer development. Here we show that YAP promotes resistance to erlotinib in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that forced YAP overexpression through YAP plasmid transfection promotes erlotinib resistance in HCC827 (exon 19 deletion) cells. In YAP plasmid-transfected HCC827 cells, GTIIC reporter activity and Hippo downstream gene expression of AREG and CTGF increased significantly (P<0.05), as did ERBB3 mRNA expression (P<0.05). GTIIC reporter activity, ERBB3 protein and mRNA expression all increased in HCC827 erlotinib-resistance (ER) cells compared to parental HCC827 cells. Inhibition of YAP by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased the cytotoxicity of erlotinib to H1975 (L858R+T790M) cells. In YAP siRNA-transfected H1975 cells, GTIIC reporter activity and downstream gene expression of AREG and CTGF decreased significantly (P<0.05). Verteporfin, YAP inhibitor had an effect similar to that of YAP siRNA; it increased sensitivity of H1975 cells to erlotinib and in combination with erlotinib, synergistically reduced migration, invasion and tumor sphere formation abilities in H1975 cells. Our results indicate that YAP promotes erlotinib resistance in the erlotinib-sensitive NSCLC cell line HCC827. Inhibition of YAP by siRNA increases sensitivity of erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell line H1975 to erlotinib.
Twofold π-Extension of Polyarenes via Double and Triple Radical Alkyne <i>peri</i> -Annulations: Radical Cascades Converging on the Same Aromatic Core (2020)

A versatile synthetic route to distannyl-substituted polyarenes was developed via double radical <i>peri</i>-annulations. The cyclization precursors were equipped with propargylic OMe traceless directing groups (TDGs) for regioselective Sn-radical attack at the triple bonds. The two <i>peri</i>-annulations converge at a variety of polycyclic cores to yield expanded difunctionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This approach can be extended to <i>triple</i> <i>peri</i>-annulations, where annulations are coupled with a radical cascade that connects <i>two</i> preexisting aromatic cores via a formal C-H activation step. The installed Bu<sub>3</sub>Sn groups serve as chemical handles for further functionalization via direct cross-coupling, iodination, or protodestannylation and increase solubility of the products in organic solvents. Photophysical studies reveal that the Bu<sub>3</sub>Sn-substituted PAHs are moderately fluorescent, and their protodestannylation results in an up to 10-fold fluorescence quantum yield enhancement. DFT calculations identified the most likely possible mechanism of this complex chemical transformation involving two independent <i>peri</i>-cyclizations at the central core.
Channel-Aware Access for Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of designing channel-aware access control (CAAC) algorithms for cognitive radio networks. To protect the primary transmission, the access probabilities of secondary users are adjusted based on the channel-state information and the measured interference temperature. It is shown that the proposed CAAC algorithm always converges to a fixed point. Furthermore, the CAAC algorithm can be interpreted as a noncooperative game. Then, the game model is extended to include general access utilities, unsuccessful transmission discount, and interference constraints. Sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium (NE) of the proposed general game model, and a distributed iteration algorithm is proposed to find the unique NE. The convergence properties of this algorithm in continuous-time iteration, as well as in the discrete-time version, are proved under some sufficient conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the convergence and effectiveness of the distributed channel-access algorithms.
PREFACE (2011)

The only names of Australians which are at all familiar to the general run of Englishmen are those of cricketers, rowers, and prizefighters.
Choline metabolism-based molecular diagnosis of cancer: an update (2015)

Abnormal choline metabolism continues to be identified in multiple cancers. Molecular causes of abnormal choline metabolism are changes in choline kinase-α, ethanolamine kinase-α, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C and -D and glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterases, as well as several choline transporters. The net outcome of these enzymatic changes is an increase in phosphocholine and total choline (tCho) and, in some cancers, a relative decrease of glycerophosphocholine. The increased tCho signal detected by (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy is being evaluated as a diagnostic marker in multiple cancers. Increased expression and activity of choline transporters and choline kinase-α have spurred the development of radiolabeled choline analogs as PET imaging tracers. Both tCho (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and choline PET are being investigated to detect response to treatment. Enzymes mediating the abnormal choline metabolism are being explored as targets for cancer therapy. This review highlights recent molecular, therapeutic and clinical advances in choline metabolism in cancer.
Towards a force-reflecting motion-scale system for microsurgery (2002)

This paper presents design aspects of a force-reflecting, motion-scaling teleoperation system for use in microsurgery experiments. A coarse-macro-micro approach is proposed. Two magnetically levitated wrists-a macro-master and a micro-slave-would share a common base positioned at the surgical site by a coarse-motion transport robot. The discussion includes features of the proposed system, a detailed slave wrist description, and aspects of coordination and control for the multistage teleoperation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Obesity Related Gene, FTO, Interacts with APOE, and is Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study (2011)

The FTO gene has been shown to have a small but robust effect on body mass index (BMI) and to increase the risk for diabetes. Both high BMI and diabetes are vascular risk factors that might play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. Thus, our aim was to explore the impact of FTO on AD and dementia risk. Nine years of follow-up data was gathered from the Kungsholmen project, a prospective population-based study on 1,003 persons without dementia. Cox-regression models were used to assess the relative risks of developing AD and dementia (DSM-III-R criteria) according to FTO genotypes (rs9939609), taking into account APOE, physical inactivity, BMI, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared to carriers of the FTO TT-genotype, AA-carriers had a higher risk for AD (RR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11-2.24) and for dementia (RR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09-2.02) after adjustment for age, gender, education, and APOE genotype. This effect remained after additional adjustment for physical inactivity, BMI, diabetes, and CVD. An interaction between FTO and APOE was found, with increased risk for dementia for those carrying both FTO AA and APOE ϵ4. Importantly, the effect of the AA-genotype on dementia/AD risk seems to act mostly through the interaction with APOE ϵ4. Our findings suggest that the FTO AA-genotype increases the risk for dementia, and in particular AD, independently of physical inactivity, BMI, diabetes, and CVD measured at baseline. Our results are in line with the recently reported association between FTO and reduced brain volume in cognitively healthy subjects.
Immunomodulatory Effects of IL-2 and IL-15; Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy (2020)

The type I cytokine family members interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 play important roles in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. Although IL-2 and IL-15 receptor complexes activate similar signal transduction cascades, triggering of these receptors results in different functional activities in lymphocytes. While IL-2 expands regulatory T cells and CD4+ helper T cells, IL-15 supports the development of central memory T cells and NK cells. Recent data have provided evidence that IL-2 and IL-15 differ in their ability to activate T and NK cells to resist various forms of immune suppression. The diverse roles of these two cytokines have on immune cells lead to critical therapeutic implications for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the distinct roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in activating various functions in T and NK cells with a particular focus on the signals that participate in the resistance of tumor-derived immune suppressive factors. Furthermore, we summarize current clinical applications of IL-2 and IL-15 in metastatic malignancies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, and highlight the future trends for research on these cytokine-based immunotherapies.
In Vivo Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging of Human Skin Tumors (1995)

STERENBORG, H. J.C.M. PHD; THOMSEN, S. MD; JACQUES, S. L. PHD; DUVIC, M. MD; MOTAMEDI, M. PHD; WAGNER, R. F. JR MD Author Information
Semantic Parsing of Ambiguous Input through Paraphrasing and Verification (2015)

We propose a new method for semantic parsing of ambiguous and ungrammatical input, such as search queries. We do so by building on an existing semantic parsing framework that uses synchronous context free grammars (SCFG) to jointly model the input sentence and output meaning representation. We generalize this SCFG framework to allow not one, but multiple outputs. Using this formalism, we construct a grammar that takes an ambiguous input string and jointly maps it into both a meaning representation and a natural language paraphrase that is less ambiguous than the original input. This paraphrase can be used to disambiguate the meaning representation via verification using a language model that calculates the probability of each paraphrase.
Robust Image Watermarking Technique to Increase Security and Capacity of Watermark Data. (2007)

Computer Science & Engineering Department
Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology,Patiala.
Accuracy of Computer-Guided Screw Fixation of the Sacroiliac Joint (2001)

Computer-assisted image guidance allows precise preoperative planning and intraoperative localization of surgical instruments. The technique recently was validated for the insertion of pedicle screws. In the laboratory, the precision of a surface-matching algorithm was evaluated for registration and accuracy and safety of screw placement into the vertebral bodies of S1 and S2 for fixation of the sacroiliac joint. Using six plastic pelves, 24 screw holes were made through the sacroiliac joint into the vertebral body of S1, and 12 holes were made through the sacroiliac joint into S2. The accuracy of the hole position was evaluated using a postoperative computed tomography examination. The safety factor was assessed by analysis of the remaining bone stock around the holes calculating a theoretical cylindrical volume being outside bone with increasing bore hole diameters. The registration was accurate with a mean error less than 1.4 mm in the posterior parts of the pelvis. The drilling followed precisely the preoperatively planned trajectories; perforation of the cortex of the sacrum was not observed. The safety factor of the S1 vertebral body is higher than that of S2 allowing larger diameter screw insertion into S1. This technique provides a safe and precise guide for transcutaneous or open insertion of iliosacral screws in cases of iliosacral dislocation or sacral fracture.
In situ and Other Methods to Estimate Ruminal Protein and Energy Digestibility: A Review (1988)

Methods to estimate ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability were reviewed. Solubility of carbohydrate and protein is dependent on the chemical characteristics of the buffer. Protein solubility is highly correlated to shortterm (1 to 3 h) ruminal digestion of protein, however, not to extent of ruminal digestion. Enzymatic digestion techniques for both protein and carbohydrate offer precision in ranking feeds; however, absolute values may be questioned. Combining several enzymes may offer more accurate estimates. Continuous culture techniques offer enhanced simulation of the ruminal environment compared with batch culture and is more applicable to examination of total rations than individual feedstuffs. Several variables associated with in situ experimentation were evaluated and recommended guidelines were proposed. This methodology offers a better way to simulate the rumen environment within a given feeding regimen. However, its usefulness will be dependent on the standardization of inherent variables associated with its conduct (i.e., bag porosity, sample size, feed particle size). Although in vivo methodologies (postruminal cannulation) are usually the standards by which other techniques are compared, they are plagued with variation associated with microbial and particulate or liquid flow markers and animal variation.