gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usable privacy and security for personal information management (2006)

The goal is a policy workbench enabling users to create and transform natural language policies into machine-readable code for enforcement and compliance audits.
A new optimum topology switching DC-to-DC converter (1977)

A novel switching dc-to-dc converter is presented, which has the same general conversion property (increase or decrease of the input dc voltage) as does the conventional buck-boost converter, and which offers through its new optimum topology higher efficiency, lower output voltage ripple, reduced EMI, smaller size and weight, and excellent dynamics response. One of its most significant advantages is that both input and output current are not pulsating but are continuous (essentially dc with small superimposed switching current ripple), this resulting in a close approximation to the ideal physically nonrealizable dc-to-dc transformer. The converter retains the simplest possible structure with the minimum number of components which, when interconnected in its optimum topology, yield the maximum performance. The new converter is extensively experimentally verified, and both the steady state (dc) and the dynamic (ac) theoretical model are correlated well with theexperimental data. both theoretical and experimental comparisons with the conventional buck-boost converter, to which an input filter has been added, demonstrate the significant advantages of the new optimum topology switching dc-to-dc converter.
On the implementation of ASR algorithms for hand-held wireless mobile devices (2002)

The paper is concerned with the implementation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) based services on wireless mobile devices. Techniques are investigated for improving the performance of ASR systems in the context of the devices themselves, the environments that they are used in, and the networks they are connected to. A set of ASR tasks and ASR system architectures that are applicable to a wide range of simple mobile devices is presented. A prototype ASR based service is defined and the implementation of the service on a wireless mobile device is described. A database of speech utterances was collected from a population of fifty users interacting with this prototype service in multiple environments. An experimental study was performed where model compensation procedures for improving acoustic robustness and lattice rescoring procedures for reducing task perplexity were evaluated on this speech corpus.
Accurate Histological Techniques to Evaluate Critical Temperature Thresholds for Prostate In Vivo (2007)

Various histological techniques have been compared to evaluate the boundaries of thermal damage produced by ultrasound in vivo in a canine model. When all images are accurately co‐registered, H&E stained micrographs provide the best assessment of acute cellular damage. Estimates of the boundaries of 100% and 0% cell killing correspond to maximum temperature thresholds of 54.6 ± 1.7°C and 51.5 ± 1.9°C, respectively.
Near-Capacity Dirty-Paper Code Design: A Source-Channel Coding Approach (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper examines near-capacity dirty-paper code designs based on source–channel coding. We first point out that the performance loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in our code designs can be broken into the sum of the packing loss from channel coding and a modulo loss, which is a function of the granular loss from source coding and the target dirty-paper coding rate (or SNR). We then examine practical designs by combining trellis-coded quantization (TCQ) with both systematic and nonsystematic irregular repeat–accumulate (IRA) codes. Like previous approaches, we exploit the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique for capacity-approaching IRA code design; but unlike previous approaches, we emphasize the role of strong source coding to achieve as much granular gain as possible using TCQ. Instead of systematic doping, we employ two relatively shifted TCQ codebooks, where the shift is optimized (via tuning the EXIT charts) to facilitate the IRA code design. Our designs synergistically combine TCQ with IRA codes so that they work together as well as they do individually. By bringing together TCQ (the best quantizer from the source coding community) and EXIT chart-based IRA code designs (the best from the channel coding community), we are able to approach the theoretical limit of dirty-paper coding. For example, at 0.25 bit per symbol (b/s), our best code design (with 2048-state TCQ) performs only 0.630 dB away from the Shannon capacity. </para>
AlPO-91: A 16-Layer ABC-6 Aluminophosphate with Five Distinct Cage Types (2021)

The properties and pore structure of microporous materials are dictated by the composite building units that link together to form the crystal structure. Cage-based building units predominate in the ABC-6 family of molecular sieves, and of all the known ABC-6 materials, none are observed to have more than four different cage types in their framework structure. We present here a new aluminophosphate material, AlPO-91, which has five distinct cage types present in its framework. AlPO-91 was discovered through modifications to the synthesis of a related and previously reported material, AlPO-78. AlPO-91 and AlPO-78 represent an interesting subclass of ABC-6 materials in which a number of d6r and s6r subunits are equal. This property has important implications for the porosity and potential applications of AlPO-91 and related materials.
39.1: New Reflective Color Display Technique Based on Total Internal Reflection and Subtractive Color Filtering (2001)

Abstract We present a reflective color display technique using a configuration of subtractive color filtering regions to control total internal reflection (TIR) in prismatic microstructures. The ability of the prismatic surface to efficiently redirect ambient light rays toward the viewer and the use of subtractive color filters result in a bright, easily legible, low power color image which has a four‐fold improvement in reflectivity over conventional RGB reflective LCD displays. A key advantage of this technique is the ability to switch between the highly reflective and intensely colored states with only about a half‐micron movement of the controllable subtractive color filter.
Characterization of a new series of non-covalent proteasome inhibitors with exquisite potency and selectivity for the 20S β5-subunit (2010)

Volume 430 (2010), pp. 461–476The second sentence of this article's abstract contains an error: the word ‘used’ should be ‘based’. The corrected sentence appears here.We describe the synthesis and properties of a novel series of non-covalent di-peptide inhibitors of the proteasome based on a capped tri-peptide that was first identified by high-throughput screening of a library of approx. 350000 compounds for inhibitors of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in cells.
Refined approximations for design and optimization of wide-area, multi-service broadband networks (2002)

The problems of route optimization, and the sizing of virtual paths and explicit routes in wide-area multi-service broadband networks are considered. The problems are formulated at the call-level in the framework of multi-rate, circuit-switched, loss networks, with effective bandwidth encapsulating cell and packet-level behavior. Various asymptotic results based on uniform asymptotic approximations (UAA) have previously been obtained to substantially reduce the complexity of the numerical calculations. This paper offers refinements (RUAA) to UAA to the loss probabilities and their sensitivities to the offered traffic for individual links. These results are used to obtain refined asymptotic approximations to the network's loss probabilities and implied costs. While the numerical accuracy is considerably enhanced, the computational complexity remains effectively unchanged. The network design tool TALISMAN has been extended to implement the refined approximations. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the RUAA.
Monitoring blade passage in turbomachinery through the engine case (no holes) (2003)

It is possible to detect passage of turbomachinery blades without penetrating the engine case. This "look through the wall" eddy current sensor eases the addition of a PHM system to an engine. This paper introduces this sensing concept, summarizes the physics, and presents results of preliminary tests. Blade material and geometry, case material, thickness and temperature, blade tip clearance, sensor detail and design and blade tip velocity all affect the strength and quality of the signal detected.
Keypad (2011)

This paper presents Keypad, an auditing file system for theft-prone devices, such as laptops and USB sticks. Keypad provides two important properties. First, Keypad supports fine-grained file auditing: a user can obtain explicit evidence that no files have been accessed after a device's loss. Second, a user can disable future file access after a device's loss, even in the absence of device network connectivity. Keypad achieves these properties by weaving together encryption and remote key storage. By encrypting files locally but storing encryption keys remotely, Keypad requires the involvement of an audit server with every protected file access. By alerting the audit server to refuse to return a particular file's key, the user can prevent new accesses after theft.
Method for facile and accurate measurement of optical fiber dispersion maps (1996)

We describe a method, based on the phase mismatch of four-wave mixing, for direct and accurate measurement of the dispersion map, D(lambda, z), of an optical fiber. The method, which requires no wavelength scanning and access to only one end of the fiber, has produced the data for an entire 34-km span, including hundreds of repetitions for signal averaging, in less than 0.25 s. Spatial resolution and accuracy in that first experimental test were ~1 km and deltaD ~ +/-0.03 ps/(nm km), respectively.
Control and Management of Multiple RATs in Wireless Networks: An SDN Approach (2019)

Multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) co-exist within today's mobile broadband networks, and each of these RATs is controlled by a different set of entities, leading to fragmented network control. This may lead to sub-optimal utilization of the overall network resources. In this paper, we propose a novel Software Defined Networking (SDN) based network architecture for unified control of multiple RATs and provide a framework for improved network performance over those of the present-day architectures. The proposed architecture enables end-to-end network control while preserving scalability with the help of network slicing. We develop an evaluation platform based on network simulator-3 (ns-3) in accordance with the proposed architecture. We also demonstrate the performance improvements provided by the proposed architecture through simulations.
Protection against Marek's disease-derived tumor transplants by the nononcogenic SB-1 strain of Marek's disease virus (1978)

A series of experiments was conducted to study the in vivo protection against Marek's disease-derived tumor transplants by the nononcogenic SB-1 strain of Marek's disease virus. Intact, embryonally bursectomized (Bx), thymectomized (Tx), or cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated chickens of four genetic lines were vaccinated with live or inactivated SB-1. JMV, a non-virus-producing transplant, and GA/Tr-1 and MDT-198, two virus-producing transplants were used for challenge. Optimal protection against JMV was present 7 days postvaccination, but there was significant protection even when SB-1 and JMV were administered together. Protection was abolished by an increase in the number of tumor cells used for challenge or by combined Tx and Cy treatment. Inactivated SB-1-infected cells were unable to induce protection against JMV challenge. Protection was also present against challenge with GA/Tr-1, but not against MDT-198, except in vaccinated, Bx chickens. It was concluded that protection against JMV was T-cell dependent and required the induction of neo-antigens not present in an inactivated SB-1 cellular preparation. The absence of protection in intact chickens against MDT-198 could not be explained.
Low-loss substrate for epitaxial growth of high-temperature superconductor thin films (1988)

A perovskite-like single-crystal substrate material has been investigated that simultaneously permits epitaxial growth of 1-2-3 superconductor films and possesses desirable rf properties of low dielectric constant and loss tangent. The lattice constant of 3.792 Å provides a lattice match to within 1% of the a axis of 1-2-3. Sputtered films of erbium-barium-copper-oxide have been produced on (100) LaAlO3 substrates that exhibit sharp resistive transitions at 90 K (ΔT=1K), bulk superconductivity as determined by ac susceptibility measurements, and nearly single-crystal growth as evidenced by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The high-frequency dielectric properties of LaAlO3 were experimentally investigated at several temperatures. The low-frequency dielectric constant was measured to be 15 and the microwave loss tangent ranged from 6×10−4 at room temperature to 5×10−6 at 4 K.
Noncontact quantitative biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle using shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (2014)

We report on a quantitative optical elastographic method based on shear wave imaging optical coherence tomography (SWI-OCT) for biomechanical characterization of cardiac muscle through noncontact elasticity measurement. The SWI-OCT system employs a focused air-puff device for localized loading of the cardiac muscle and utilizes phase-sensitive OCT to monitor the induced tissue deformation. Phase information from the optical interferometry is used to reconstruct 2-D depth-resolved shear wave propagation inside the muscle tissue. Cross-correlation of the displacement profiles at various spatial locations in the propagation direction is applied to measure the group velocity of the shear waves, based on which the Young's modulus of tissue is quantified. The quantitative feature and measurement accuracy of this method is demonstrated from the experiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms with the verification using uniaxial compression test. The experiments are performed on ex vivo cardiac muscle tissue from mice with normal and genetically altered myocardium. Our results indicate this optical elastographic technique is useful as a noncontact tool to assist the cardiac muscle studies.
Autonomous FPGA Fault Handling through Competitive Runtime Reconfiguration (2006)

An autonomous self-repair approach for SRAM-based FPGAs is developed based on competitive runtime reconfiguration (CRR). Under the CRR technique, an initial population of functionally identical (same input-output behavior), yet physically distinct (alternative design or place-and-route realization) FPGA configurations is produced at design time. At run-time, these individuals compete for selection based on a fitness function favoring fault-free behavior. Hence, any physical resource exhibiting an operationally-significant fault decreases the fitness of those configurations which use it. Through runtime competition, the presence of the fault becomes occluded from the visibility of subsequent FPGA operations. Meanwhile, the offspring formed through crossover and mutation of faulty and viable configurations are reintroduced into the population. This enables evolution of a customized fault-specific repair, realized directly as new configurations using the FPGA's normal throughput processing operations. Multiple phases of the fault handling process including detection, isolation, diagnosis, and recovery are integrated into a single cohesive approach. FPGA-based multipliers are examined as a case study demonstrating evolution of a complete repair for a 3-bit /spl times/ 3-bit multiplier from several stuck-at-faults within a few thousand iterations. Repairs are evolved in-situ, in real-time, without test vectors, while allowing the FPGA to remain partially online.
3D diffusion MRI-based CAD system for early diagnosis of acute renal rejection (2016)

This paper introduces a novel computer aided diagnostic (CAD) system for early diagnosis of acute renal rejection (ARR) from 3D diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) data (2D + fe-value). The proposed CAD system starts with aligning the DW-MRI data using B-splines based registration to handle the motion effects, which come from breathing and heart beats. This is followed by the segmentation of the kidney tissue using geometric (level-sets based) de-formable model, which is guided by a new stochastic speed relationship that takes into account an adaptive kidney shape prior and the visual appearance of the kidney. The pixel-wise guidance of the level-sets is obtained by integrating these image features into a joint Markov-Gibbs random field (MGRF) model of the kidney and its background. The final step of the proposed CAD system is to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) between different b-values of the segmented DW-MRI data to distinguish between rejection and nonrejection renal transplants. Experimental results on 36 subjects, using a KStar classifier and leave-one-subject-out, have classified 87% of the subjects correctly (26 out of 30 rejection kidneys and 5 out of 6 nonrejection kidneys). These initial diagnostic results hold promise of the proposed CAD system as a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool.
Core loss of MgZn ferrite; MgZn kei ferrite no jiki sonshitsu ni tsuite (1999)

The effects of substitution of Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} for Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} or CuO for MgO in MgZn ferrite have been studied in order to achieve low core loss, focusing on the microstructure, the initial permeability and the resistivity of MnZn, MnMgZn, and MnMgCuZn ferrites. Initial permeability and resistivity of both MnMgZn and MnMgCuZn ferrites are higher than those of MgZn ferrite. Intragrain pores were observed in all of these ferrites. The pore density increases with grain growth. The core loss of these ferrites consists of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss at frequencies lower than 120kHz. Hysteresis loss clearly depends on initial permeability because of magnetic anisotropy, grain size and pore density. It has been found that eddy current loss is related to the microstructure and not to the resistivity. It is suggested that the decrease in the amount of pores inside the grains is effective to lower hysteresis and eddy current losses. Substitution of Cu enables MgZn ferrite to be sintered at lower temperatures, and it leads to the reduction of the core loss because of the formation of fine microstructure having small grain and low pore density. The lowest core loss (320kW/m{sup 3} at 100 degree C, 100mT and 100kHz) was achieved in the case of 11mol% CuO material sintered at 1,120 degree C. (author)
Organic Light Emitting Devices: From Displays to Lighting (2003)

Recently there has been significant interest in electroluminescence from organic materials. Driven by the potential to significantly impact the information display market, research and development on organic light emitting devices has advanced at a remarkable pace over the past decade or so.
Efficient Dialogue Policy Learning with BBQ-Networks (2016)

We present a new algorithm that significantly improves the efficiency of exploration for deep Q-learning agents in dialogue systems. Our agents explore via Thompson sampling, drawing Monte Carlo samples from a Bayes-by-Backprop neural network. Our algorithm learns much faster than common exploration strategies such as $\epsilon$-greedy, Boltzmann, bootstrapping, and intrinsic-reward-based ones. Additionally, we show that spiking the replay buffer with experiences from just a few successful episodes can make Q-learning feasible when it might otherwise fail.
Fast THz modulator based on the HEMT-metamaterial (2016)

Utilizing THz wave to transmit data for communication and imaging places high demands in phase and amplitude modulation. In this paper we combined a metamaterial array with HEMT structure to form a multiband electronic grid-controlled THz modulator. By controlling the carrier concentration of 2DEG, resonant mode conversions between four different complex resonances have been realized. This mode conversion THz modulator has four amplitude modulation bands and three phase modulation bands. More importantly, modulation depth in every amplitude band is more than 90% and phase shift in phase bands is commonly about 90 degree, and over 120 degree maximally. It may provide a way to achieve effective and multi-band active devices in THz wireless communication system.
White-light pseudocolor density encoding through contrast reversal (1980)

A simple technique of pseudocolor density encoding of photographic image by white-light processing is described. Spatial encodings are made through positive and negative photographic-image transparencies, and the pseudocoloring is obtained by color filtering of the smeared Fourier spectra. The technique is simple, versatile, and economical to operate. Since coherent sources are not used, annoying coherent artifact noise can be eliminated. Spatial color encoding uses the entire Fourier spectrum; therefore, this technique offers no apparent resolution loss. Simple experimental demonstrations of this technique are provided.
Yield improvement via minimisation of step height non-uniformity in chemical mechanical planarisation (CMP) with pressure and velocity as control variables (2005)

Obtaining local and global planarities is one of the prime criteria in dielectric and metal planarisations. Although chemical mechanical planarisation (CMP) helps us achieve these criteria in constant pattern density surfaces, the same is not true for variable pattern density surfaces. This results in formation of global step heights across the die. This paper provides open loop control algorithms for obtaining planarity across a die containing variations in pattern densities. Zonal pressure and/or velocity variations are used as control variables for this purpose. Based on the variation of pattern density and surface heights across the die, the surfaces are separated into zones and the pressure and velocity in individual zones are varied spatially and temporally. It is observed from simulations that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the local and global planarities. The zonal pressure control improves the upper surface uniformity, whereas zonal velocity control significantly increases step height uniformity. The advantageous features of these two schemes are then combined to simultaneously maximise upper surface uniformity, and minimise step heights across the entire die. Work is currently in progress on physical realisation of these algorithms.
Integral containment electromagnetic gun (2003)

The integral containment electromagnetic (ICE) gun constitutes a structural containment design method that has been proposed to achieve desirable prestressing of railguns. The principal purpose of this method is to minimize the maximum strain excursion of the rail containment structure during firing stresses to maximize the fatigue life of lightweight armament. The ICE gun may be considered a means to achieve an "autofrettage" effect from a laminated steel disk railgun construction where the disks are strained upon assembly to achieve the desired prestress of the containment structure.