gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of <i>Ex-Situ</i>${\hbox{MgB}}_{2}/{\hbox{Al}}$ Tapes and the Effects of In and SiC Addition (2007)

Use of light metal(s) might enhance the possibility MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> of conductors in applications. Therefore, we are developing MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tapes using aluminum sheath. As Mg and Al react very easily at high temperatures, we applied an ex-situ PIT process to fabricate MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al tapes. We have reported that the usage of MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> powder prepared from and amorphous B improves performance of ex-situ tapes and that we fabricated MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al tape with (@4.2 K, 4 T) of 8,600. In this paper, we examine the reproducibility of J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> in the ex-situ MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al tapes using the MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> powder prepared from and MgH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and amorphous B. We fabricated a new series of MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al tape and J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (@4.2 K, 4 T) reaches 11,000. We also investigate the effects of indium and/or SiC addition to the ex-situ MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al tapes.
The modulation of pancreatic lipase activity by alginates (2013)

Alginates are comprised of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acid (G) and have been shown to inhibit enzyme activity. Pancreatic lipase is important in dietary triacylglycerol breakdown; reducing pancreatic lipase activity would reduce triacylglycerol breakdown resulting in lower amounts being absorbed by the body. Lipase activity in the presence of biopolymers was assessed by enzymatic assay using natural and synthetic substrates. Alginate inhibited pancreatic lipase by a maximum of 72.2% (±4.1) with synthetic substrate (DGGR) and 58.0% (±9.7) with natural substrate. High-G alginates from Laminaria hyperborea seaweed inhibited pancreatic lipase to a significantly higher degree than High-M alginates from Lessonia nigrescens, showing that inhibition was related to alginate structure. High-G alginates are effective inhibitors of pancreatic lipase and are used in the food industry at low levels. They could be included at higher levels in foods without altering organoleptic qualities, potentially reduce the uptake of dietary triacylglycerol aiding in weight management.
Carbon-Nanotube Optoacoustic Lens for Focused Ultrasound Generation and High-Precision Targeted Therapy (2012)

We demonstrate a new optical approach to generate high-frequency (>15 MHz) and high-amplitude focused ultrasound, which can be used for non-invasive ultrasound therapy. A nano-composite film of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and elastomeric polymer is formed on concave lenses, and used as an efficient optoacoustic source due to the high optical absorption of the CNTs and rapid heat transfer to the polymer upon excitation by pulsed laser irradiation. The CNT-coated lenses can generate unprecedented optoacoustic pressures of >50 MPa in peak positive on a tight focal spot of 75 μm in lateral and 400 μm in axial widths. This pressure amplitude is remarkably high in this frequency regime, producing pronounced shock effects and non-thermal pulsed cavitation at the focal zone. We demonstrate that the optoacoustic lens can be used for micro-scale ultrasonic fragmentation of solid materials and a single-cell surgery in terms of removing the cells from substrates and neighboring cells.
Articulated Four Axis Microrobot (2009)

The picture shows a unique MEMS robot. It is highly dextrous with our degrees of freedom (two in-plane and two out-of-plane) and has the largest work volume of 50μm × 50μm × 75 μm amongst MEMS based positioners. The robot incorporates novel cable based transmission systems to couple in-plane actuators with out of plane bi-directional flexure joints. Constructed out of Deep Reactive Ion Etching and microassembly, this robot is designed to transmit upto 200mN of force along all four axes, precise to ten’s of nanometers and configured to carry a variety of end-effectors such as Atomic Force Microscope probe tip arrays and microgrippers. The microrobot presents the dawn of next generation in top down manipulation systems.
Crosslinking of α<sub>2</sub>‐Antiplasmin to Fibrin (2001)

Human alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) is the primary inhibitor of plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis and is an efficient substrate of activated factor XIII (FXIIIa). Among 452 amino acid residues in alpha 2AP, Gln2 is believed to be the sole FXIIIa-reactive site that participates in crosslinking alpha 2AP to fibrin. We studied the effect of mutating Gln2 on the ability of FXIIIa to catalyze crosslinking of alpha 2AP to fibrin. By FXIIIa catalysis, [14C]methylamine was incorporated into a Q2A-alpha 2AP mutant in which Gln2 (Q) was replaced by Ala (A), thereby indicating that wildtype alpha 2AP has more than one FXIIIa-reactive site. To identify the FXIIIa-reactive sites in alpha 2AP, wildtype alpha 2AP and Q2A-alpha 2AP were labeled with 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine by FXIIIa. Each labeled alpha 2AP was digested with trypsin and applied to an avidin affinity column to capture labeled peptides. Edman sequencing and mass analysis of each labeled peptide showed that out of 35 Gln residues in wildtype alpha 2AP, four were labeled with the following order of efficiency: Gln2 > Gln21 > Gln419 > Gln447. Q2A-alpha 2AP was also labeled at the three minor sites, Gln21 > Gln419 > Gln447. Q2A-alpha 2AP became crosslinked to fibirin(ogen) by FXIIIa catalysis at approximately one-tenth the rate of wt-alpha 2AP. These results demonstrate that alpha 2AP has one primary (Gln2) and three minor substrate sites for FXIIIa and that the three minor sites identified in this study can also participate in crosslink formation between alpha 2AP and fibrin, but at a much lower efficiency than the Gln2 site.
Rationally Designed Peptoids Modulate Aggregation of Amyloid-Beta 40 (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Plaques composed of aggregated amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) accumulate between the neural cells in the brain and are associated with dementia and cellular death. Many strategies have been investigated to prevent Aβ self-assembly into disease-associated β-sheet amyloid aggregates; however, a promising therapeutic has not yet been identified. In this study, a peptoid-based mimic of the peptide KLVFF (residues 16-20 of Aβ) was tested for its ability to modulate Aβ aggregation. Peptoid JPT1 includes chiral, aromatic side chains to induce formation of a stable helical secondary structure that allows for greater interaction between the aromatic side chains and the cross β-sheet of Aβ. JPT1 was found to modulate Aβ40 aggregation, specifically decreasing lag time to β-sheet aggregate formation as well as the total number of fibrillar, β-sheet structured aggregates formed. These results suggest that peptoids may be able to limit the formation of Aβ aggregates that are associated with AD.
Tea Catechin Synergies in Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and of a Cancer Specific Cell Surface Oxidase (ECTO‐NOX) (2003)

The anticancer properties of tea catechins are most frequently attributed to the principal catechin (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg). Efficacy was evaluated using growth of cultured HeLa cells and inhibition of the enzymatic activity of a putative cell surface tea target enzyme, a cancer-associated cell surface-located NADH oxidase (ECTO-NOX) designated tNOX. The amounts of EGCg required to inhibit by both criteria was reduced 10 times by combination with inactive catechins such as (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) or (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). Various synthetic mixtures based on purified catechins and decaffeinated tea extracts treated enzymatically to reduce the ester bond-containing catechins varying in EGCg content from 0.065 to 40% were of comparable efficacy to decaffeinated green tea extracts as long as EGCg was present and the ratio of total catechins to EGCg + EGC was about 1.5. Such mixtures appear to offer potential cancer protection and therapeutic advantages over those of EGCg alone through lowered toxicity of the mixture to normal cells and for more efficient blood delivery of orally-administered catechins to a tumour site.
Cloning of a Candida albicans peptide transport gene (1995)

A Candida albicans peptide transport gene, CaPTR2, was cloned from a C. albicans genomic library by functional complementation of a peptide transport deficient mutant (strain ptr2-2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. CaPTR2 restored peptide transport to transformants as determined by uptake of radiolabelled dileucine, growth on dipeptides as sources of required amino acids, and restoration of growth inhibition by toxic peptides. Plasmid curing experiments demonstrated that the peptide transport phenotype was plasmid borne. CaPTR2 was localized to chromosome R of C. albicans by contour-clamped homologous electric field gel chromosome blots. Deletion subclones and frameshift mutagenesis were used to narrow the peptide transport complementing region to a 5.1 kb DNA fragment. DNA sequencing of the complementing region identified an ORF of 1869 bp containing an 84 nucleotide intron. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein of 70 kDa consisting of 623 amino acids with 12 hydrophobic segments. A high level of identity was found between the predicted protein and peptide transport proteins of S. cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana. This study represents the first steps in the genetic characterization of peptide transport in C. albicans and initiates a molecular approach for the study of drug delivery against this pathogen.
Utilization of an Eilat Virus-Based Chimera for Serological Detection of Chikungunya Infection (2015)

In December of 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus in the family Togaviridae, was introduced to the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean, resulting in the first autochthonous cases reported in the Americas. As of January 2015, local and imported CHIKV has been reported in 50 American countries with over 1.1 million suspected cases. CHIKV causes a severe arthralgic disease for which there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics. Furthermore, the lack of a commercially available, sensitive, and affordable diagnostic assay limits surveillance and control efforts. To address this issue, we utilized an insect-specific alphavirus, Eilat virus (EILV), to develop a diagnostic antigen that does not require biosafety containment facilities to produce. We demonstrated that EILV/CHIKV replicates to high titers in insect cells and can be applied directly in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays without inactivation, resulting in highly sensitive detection of recent and past CHIKV infection, and outperforming traditional antigen preparations.
Double Segmented Rotor Switched Reluctance Machine With Shared Stator Back-Iron for Magnetic Flux Passage (2016)

There is much interest in double rotor electric machines due to their versatile configurations and performance characteristics arising from the flexibility of having a pair of rotors. Double rotor machines show promising application prospects in advanced hybrid electric vehicle powertrains due to the requirement of dual electromechanical ports in such systems. Integrating these powertrain systems with double rotor machines not only brings design freedom in component layout, but also reduces the number of parts and thus improves compactness. The switched reluctance family of double rotor machines offers unique characteristics in terms of simple structure and no permanent magnets and thus is a strong candidate for such applications. By introducing the segmented rotor design to double rotor switched reluctance machines, a unique design with shared stator back-iron is made possible, achieving increased machine compactness. This paper discusses the design, analysis, and experimental validation of a double segmented rotor switched reluctance machine and compares the design against a target double rotor SRM specification.
The Current Status of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (1996)

An interpenetrating polymer network, IPN, is defined as a combination of two or more polymers in network form, at least one of which is polymerized and/or crosslinked in the immediate presence of the other(s). The synthesis, morphology and mechanical properties of recent works are reviewed, with special emphasis on dual phase continuity, and the number of physical entanglements that arise in homo-IPNs. The concepts of phase diagrams are applied, especially to simultaneous interpenetrating network phase separations and gelations. Recent engineering applications are discussed.
Population density imagery of migrating herring shoals by ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing. (2009)

Ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) is a bistatic multibeam wide area sonar system that enables unaliased monitoring of fish populations over ecosystem scales. This allows us to quantify the formation processes of vast shoals of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) containing hundreds of millions of individuals, imaged during the Autumn 2006 spawning season. Areal population density estimation requires calibration of the low-frequency target strength of an individual shoaling herring. This is estimated from experimental data acquired simultaneously at multiple frequencies in the 300–1200-Hz range using (1) the OAWRS system, (2) areal population density calibration with several conventional fish finding sonar systems (CFFS), (3) fish length distributions obtained from trawl samples, and (4) local low-frequency transmission loss measurements. High spatial-temporal co-registration was found between shoals imaged by OAWRS and concurrent CFFS line transects, which also provided fish depth distributions. The mean scattering cross-section of an individual shoaling herring is found to exhibit a strong dependence on frequency in the OAWRS range, which is consistent with resonant scattering from an air-filled swimbladder. We show that a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as the herring population density reaches a critical value, after which an organized group migration occurs.
Hybrid Liquid-Air Transpired Solar Collector: Model Development and Sensitivity Analysis (2010)

The paper develops an analytical model of a novel hybrid liquid-air transpired solar collector which could simultaneously heat air and water for applications such as regeneration of liquid desiccants. An energy balance is performed, leading to a system of ODEs which is solved to obtain the air and water outlet temperatures of the collector. Three sets of sensitivity analyses have been performed on the collector varying the total thermal capacitance rates of the air and water (m˙cp)total, ratio of air to total thermal capacitance rate (m˙cp ratio), and the usual boundary conditions of water inlet temperature Twi, ambient temperature Tamb, solar radiation G and wind speed Vw. General performance curves for the collector with increasing (Twi−Tamb)/G have been developed as a result of these analyses. It has been observed that a m˙cp ratio between 0.3 and 0.4 provides with an optimal collector performance. Moreover at low m˙cp ratios, the collector performance has been observed to be very sensitive to wind speed.
Detection and Measurement of Fetal Anatomies from Ultrasound Images using a Constrained Probabilistic Boosting Tree (2008)

We propose a novel method for the automatic detection and measurement of fetal anatomical structures in ultrasound images. This problem offers a myriad of challenges, including: difficulty of modeling the appearance variations of the visual object of interest, robustness to speckle noise and signal dropout, and large search space of the detection procedure. Previous solutions typically rely on the explicit encoding of prior knowledge and formulation of the problem as a perceptual grouping task solved through clustering or variational approaches. These methods are constrained by the validity of the underlying assumptions and usually are not enough to capture the complex appearances of fetal anatomies. We propose a novel system for fast automatic detection and measurement of fetal anatomies that directly exploits a large database of expert annotated fetal anatomical structures in ultrasound images. Our method learns automatically to distinguish between the appearance of the object of interest and background by training a constrained probabilistic boosting tree classifier. This system is able to produce the automatic segmentation of several fetal anatomies using the same basic detection algorithm. We show results on fully automatic measurement of biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), humerus length (HL), and crown rump length (CRL). Notice that our approach is the first in the literature to deal with the HL and CRL measurements. Extensive experiments (with clinical validation) show that our system is, on average, close to the accuracy of experts in terms of segmentation and obstetric measurements. Finally, this system runs under half second on a standard dual-core PC computer.
Optomechanically induced non-reciprocity in microring resonators (2012)

We describe a new approach for on-chip optical non-reciprocity which makes use of strong optomechanical interaction in microring resonators. By optically pumping the ring resonator in one direction, the optomechanical coupling is only enhanced in that direction, and consequently, the system exhibits a non-reciprocal response. For different configurations, this system can function either as an optical isolator or a coherent non-reciprocal phase shifter. We show that the operation of such a device on the level of single-photon could be achieved with existing technology.
Inheritance of Reduced and Elevated Palmitate in Mutant Lines of Soybean (1994)

The saturated fatty ester content of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil may influence its use in food products. The palmitate content in the seed oil of common soybean cultivars is ≈110 g kg −1 . Soybean mutants with reduced or elevated palmitate have been developed. Previous research had shown that the alleles controlling reduced palmitate in C1726 ( fapl ) and A22 ( fapx ) were at independent loci, the alleles controlling elevated palmitate in A21 ( fap2‐b ) and A24 ( fap? ) were at independent loci, and that A21 and C1727 ( fap2 ) had alleles at the same locus or at tightly linked loci. The objective of this study was to determine if the fapx allele in A22 was at the same locus as fap2 and if the fap? allele in A24 was at the same locus as fapl . The C1726 line was crossed to A21 and A24. The A22 line was crossed to C1727, A21, and A24. The F 2 segregation ratio and the segregation of F 3 seeds from F 2 plants indicated that A22 and A24 have alleles at different independent loci than C1726, C1727, A21, and each other. The temporary designation of fapx for the allele in A22 was replaced by the permanent designation of fap3 , and the temporary designation of fap? for the allele in A24 was replaced by the permanent designation of fap4 . The study showed that there are at least four independent loci in soybean that control palmitate content.
Position (2004)

Early file systems were designed with the expectation that data would typically be read from disk many times before being deleted; on-disk structures were therefore optimized for reading. As main memory sizes increased, more read requests could be satisfied from data cached in memory, motivating file system designs that optimize write performance. Here, we describe how one might build a storage system that optimizes not only reading and writing, but creation and deletion as well. Efficiency is achieved, in part, by automating deletion based on relative retention values rather than requiring data be deleted explicitly by an application. This approach is well suited to an emerging class of applications that process data at consistently high rates of ingest. This paper explores trade-offs in clustering data by retention value and age and examines the effects of allowing the retention values to change under application control.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanostructured Materials for Thermoelectric Applications (2011)

Abstract Review: 131 refs.
Phase-shifting hand-held diffraction moire interferometer (1991)

Diffraction moiré interferometry is widely used in the study of material deformation and usually is implemented by building an apparatus for each experiment. This new device is the latest in a series of diffraction moiré interferometers developed at the INEL to simplify the process of acquiring diffraction moiré data. The unit is hand held, weighs about one kilogram, and is designed to be placed in intimate contact with the specimen and diffraction grating. A series of phase shifted interferograms is automatically acquired and processed to produce quantitative data on deformation. This paper describes the design details and provides examples of typical applications and data.
Refractory self-aligned gate technology for GaAs microwave FETs and MMICS (1987)

A new refractory self-aligned gate technology for fabrication of field-effect transistors (FETs) with low gate resistance and improved breakdown voltage is described. The asymmetric-n+, planarised-gate process uses 1 μm optical lithography to produce 0.5 μm-gate-length FETs with very low gate resistance. The process is suitable for high-volume small-signal and power MMIC production.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> glycosyltransferases as biocatalysts in fermentation for regioselective synthesis of diverse quercetin glucosides (2004)

Regioselectivity of glycosyltransferases offers an important means to overcome the limitations of chemical synthesis of small molecule glycosides. In this study we explore a large multigene family of UDP-glucose:glycosyltransferases of Arabidopsis for their potential as novel biocatalysts for in vitro synthesis and whole-cell catalysis. We used quercetin as a substrate for this study because the flavonol and its glycosides have important medicinal properties and the metabolite provides a complex structure for regioselective glucosylation. We analyzed the activity of 91 recombinant enzymes for in vitro activity toward quercetin and discovered 29 that are capable of glucosylating the substrate. We demonstrate the first enzymic synthesis of a range of glucosides in vitro, including the 3-O-, 7-O-, 3'-O-, and 4'-O-monoglucosides, 3,7-di-O-glucoside, and 7,3'-di-O-glucoside. We also show that the regioselectivity of glucosylation can be maintained when the enzymes are used as whole-cell biocatalysts in Escherichia coli.