gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A system for detecting failed electronics using acoustics (2019)

Industry-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs) used by the U.S. Department of Defense are typically coated with a layer of “conformal coating” made of silicone or polyurethane in order to protect the board. Conformal coating has to be removed every time board troubleshooting and maintenance are performed and must be reapplied after board maintenance is complete. This can be an expensive and time-consuming process. This paper describes an effort to develop a non-contact solution to detect failed components on a PCB without having first to remove the conformal coating [1]. This technique detects density changes in the physical makeup of circuit board components due to failure. By analyzing ultrasonic reflections from components at 2 megahertz (MHz), the authors were able to distinguish between working components and failed components with varying degrees of accuracy. The authors applied this technique to 1 KΩ resistors and three types of transistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs). Over-voltage faults were induced in these components in order to generate observable density changes. Reflections were processed for time-domain and frequency-domain features, which were used to train neural networks to distinguish between working components and failed components. For 1 KΩm resistors, the system has demonstrated 70% to 80% accuracy in distinguishing components with over-voltage faults. For two of the TTL IC types, 80% to 85% percent accuracy has been achieved. For one IC type, a 55% percent accuracy was measured. The authors have demonstrated that low-cost acoustic measurements in the megahertz range can be used to detect failures in ICs and other common circuit board components.
The Anti-Amyloid-β and Neuroprotective Properties of a Novel Tricyclic Pyrone Molecule (2017)

There is an urgent unmet need for new therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Therapeutic approaches targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and its downstream toxicities have become major strategies in AD drug development. We have taken a rational design approach and synthesized a class of tricyclic pyrone (TP) compounds that show anti-Aβ and other neuroprotective actions. The in vivo efficacy of a lead TP named CP2 to ameliorate AD-like pathologies has been shown in mouse models. Here we report the selection and initial characterization of a new lead TP70, which exhibited an anti-Aβ therapeutic index even higher than CP2. Moreover, TP70 was able to reduce oxidative stress, inhibit acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), and upregulate the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1), actions considered neuroprotective in AD. TP70 further showed excellent pharmacokinetic properties, including brain penetration and oral availability. When administered to 5xFAD mice via intraperitoneal or oral route, TP70 enhanced the overall solubility and decreased the level of cerebral Aβ, including both fibrillary and soluble Aβ species. Interestingly, TP70 enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) in the hippocampal CA1 area, increased the magnitude of NMDA-dependent hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory, and prevented the Aβ oligomer-impaired LTP. Significantly, a single dose of TP70 administered to aged 5xFAD mice was effective in mitigating the impaired LTP induction, recorded at 24 h after administration. Our results support a potential of TP70 in clinical development for AD in view of its synergistic neuroprotective actions, ability to positively modulate NMDA receptor-mediated hippocampal plasticity, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties in rodents.
Helical cardiac cone beam reconstruction using retrospective ECG gating (2003)

In modern computer tomography (CT) systems, the fast rotating gantry and the increased detector width enable 3D imaging of the heart. Cardiac volume CT has a high potential for non-invasive coronary angiography with high spatial resolution and short scan time. Due to the increased detector width, true cone beam reconstruction methods are needed instead of adapted 2D reconstruction schemes. In this paper, the extended cardiac reconstruction method is introduced. It integrates the idea of retrospectively gated cardiac reconstruction for helical data acquisition into a cone beam reconstruction framework. It leads to an efficient and flexible algorithmic scheme for the reconstruction of single- and multi-phase cardiac volume datasets. The method automatically adapts the number of cardiac cycles used for the reconstruction. The cone beam geometry is fully taken into account during the reconstruction process. Within this paper, results are presented on patient datasets which have been acquired using a 16-slice cone beam CT system.
Alterations in lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns after therapy with streptokinase or streptococcal infection. (1989)

Serum samples from patients receiving intravenous streptokinase were examined for evidence of interaction in vivo between streptokinase and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; LD). We found that this treatment produced a band of LD activity that remained at the electrophoretic origin of LD isoenzyme analysis. Treatment with tissue plasminogen activator produced no such band. The streptokinase-LD complex could be removed from serum by ultracentrifugation. It remained in the circulation for as long as 48 h after streptokinase infusion. A similar phenomenon was observed in a case of pneumococcal sepsis. Examination of supernates from both cultures of several species of Gram-positive cocci revealed interactions between human LD and Streptococcus groups A and C and also Streptococcus pneumoniae. Evidently streptokinase can form complexes with LD in vivo after either streptokinase therapy or infection, with consequent alteration of the LD isoenzyme pattern.
Advanced Heat Exchange Technology for Thermoelectric Cooling Devices (1998)

Thermoelectric coolers (TEC) are potentially ideal devices to cool electronic components or small electronic enclosures. However, practical heat exchange can limit the COP and restrict the range of useful applications. The TEC must reject heat from the hot side to the ambient, which is typically air. The COP can be increased by reducing the hot-side temperature, which requires a high-performance heat exchanger. An understanding of the heat sources in the TEC is presented, and relations are presented to define the hot-side thermal resistance required to operate at desired operating conditions. A novel air-cooled thermosyphon reboiler-condenser system has been developed that promises significantly higher COP for thermoelectric coolers than is possible with current heat exchange technology. This heat exchanger design concept is described and compared to conventional technology.
Low-cost molded packaging for optical data links (1995)

In order to lower the cost of optical data link packaging, a new technology has been developed which integrates optical and electrical components in a single, sealed, transfer molded package. This technology utilizes leadframes for low cost and mass handling. Overmolding is used for package sealing and optical port alignment. A unique process, two-step transfer molding, allows for internal shielding, intermediate IC testing, ease of assembly, and IC package sealing. An injection-molded outer housing is used for connector insertion and external shielding (through the use of conductive plastics). The first application of this technology is a high performance optical transceiver package for the growing FDDI market (125 Mb/s). With a duplex MIC connector, this package conforms to an industry standard outline and pinout. The optical transceiver easily meets full FDDI specifications. The design integrates an LED, PIN, transmitter IC, receiver IC, and two capacitors in a single, overmolded package. The final assembly sequence was conceived using the latest Design For Simplicity (DFS) principles. This paper describes the design concept and prototype model performance results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>NCTC9343 Produces at Least Three Distinct Capsular Polysaccharides: Cloning, Characterization, and Reassignment of Polysaccharide B and C Biosynthesis Loci (2000)

Bacteroides fragilis produces a capsular polysaccharide complex (CPC) that is directly involved in its ability to induce abscesses. Two distinct capsular polysaccharides, polysaccharide A (PS A) and PS B, have been shown to be synthesized by the prototype strain for the study of abscesses, NCTC9343. Both of these polysaccharides in purified form induce abscesses in animal models. In this study, we demonstrate that the CPC of NCTC9343 is composed of at least three distinct capsular polysaccharides: PS A, PS B, and PS C. A previously described locus contains genes whose products are involved in the biosynthesis of PS C rather than PS B as was originally suggested. The actual PS B biosynthesis locus was cloned, sequenced, and found to contain 22 genes in an operon-type structure. A mutant with a large chromosomal deletion of the PS B biosynthesis locus was created so that the contribution of PS B to the formation of abscesses could be assessed in a rodent model. Although purified PS B can induce abscesses, removal of this polysaccharide does not attenuate the organism's ability to induce abscesses.
B243 Cooling performance for Panels in Liquid Crystal Projector (2006)

This paper describes cooling performance for panels in liquid crystal projector. We divide a light from the lamp into three parts. Those are R (red), G (green) and B (blue). We have three optical components in R, G and B, severally. We consider the three optical components as the parallel plates. Both the pressure drops between the inlet and the exit in the parallel plates, and the mean heat transfer coefficients between the parallel plates are calculated. The gap between the parallel plates is optimized once we use a fan in the liquid crystal projector. In this paper, the optimum gap is 1.1-1.2mm. The temperatures in the three optical components for R, G and B are predicted.
Ensuring safety of implanted devices under MRI using reversed RF polarization (2010)

Patients with long-wire medical implants are currently prevented from undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans due to the risk of radio frequency (RF) heating. We have developed a simple technique for determining the heating potential for these implants using reversed radio frequency (RF) polarization. This technique could be used on a patient-to-patient basis as a part of the standard prescan procedure to ensure that the subject's device does not pose a heating risk. By using reversed quadrature polarization, the MR scan can be sensitized exclusively to the potentially dangerous currents in the device. Here, we derive the physical principles governing the technique and explore the primary sources of inaccuracy. These principles are verified through finite-difference simulations and through phantom scans of implant leads. These studies demonstrate the potential of the technique for sensitively detecting potentially dangerous coupling conditions before they can do any harm.
INTEGRATED AND LOAD RESPONSIVE MULTILAYER INSULATION (2010)

Multilayer insulation (MLI) is used to reduce heat leak into cryogenic systems such as tanks, dewars and instruments, and used to control spacecraft heat leak. MLI is typically used in a high vacuum (<10−3 Pa) where its performance usually exceeds other insulations by 10‐fold. Conventional MLI consists of layers of low thermal emissivity metalized polymer sheets separated by low conductance netting spacers.
Precision targeting with a tracking adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2006)

Precise targeting of retinal structures including retinal pigment epithelial cells, feeder vessels, ganglion cells, photoreceptors, and other cells important for light transduction may enable earlier disease intervention with laser therapies and advanced methods for vision studies. A novel imaging system based upon scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) with adaptive optics (AO) and active image stabilization was designed, developed, and tested in humans and animals. An additional port allows delivery of aberration-corrected therapeutic/stimulus laser sources. The system design includes simultaneous presentation of non-AO, wide-field (~40 deg) and AO, high-magnification (1-2 deg) retinal scans easily positioned anywhere on the retina in a drag-and-drop manner. The AO optical design achieves an error of <0.45 waves (at 800 nm) over ±6 deg on the retina. A MEMS-based deformable mirror (Boston Micromachines Inc.) is used for wave-front correction. The third generation retinal tracking system achieves a bandwidth of greater than 1 kHz allowing acquisition of stabilized AO images with an accuracy of ~10 μm. Normal adult human volunteers and animals with previously-placed lesions (cynomolgus monkeys) were tested to optimize the tracking instrumentation and to characterize AO imaging performance. Ultrafast laser pulses were delivered to monkeys to characterize the ability to precisely place lesions and stimulus beams. Other advanced features such as real-time image averaging, automatic highresolution mosaic generation, and automatic blink detection and tracking re-lock were also tested. The system has the potential to become an important tool to clinicians and researchers for early detection and treatment of retinal diseases.
Reproducible and Consistent Quantification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteome by SWATH-mass spectrometry * (2015)

Targeted mass spectrometry by selected reaction monitoring (S/MRM) has proven to be a suitable technique for the consistent and reproducible quantification of proteins across multiple biological samples and a wide dynamic range. This performance profile is an important prerequisite for systems biology and biomedical research. However, the method is limited to the measurements of a few hundred peptides per LC-MS analysis. Recently, we introduced SWATH-MS, a combination of data independent acquisition and targeted data analysis that vastly extends the number of peptides/proteins quantified per sample, while maintaining the favorable performance profile of S/MRM. Here we applied the SWATH-MS technique to quantify changes over time in a large fraction of the proteome expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to osmotic stress. We sampled cell cultures in biological triplicates at six time points following the application of osmotic stress and acquired single injection data independent acquisition data sets on a high-resolution 5600 tripleTOF instrument operated in SWATH mode. Proteins were quantified by the targeted extraction and integration of transition signal groups from the SWATH-MS datasets for peptides that are proteotypic for specific yeast proteins. We consistently identified and quantified more than 15,000 peptides and 2500 proteins across the 18 samples. We demonstrate high reproducibility between technical and biological replicates across all time points and protein abundances. In addition, we show that the abundance of hundreds of proteins was significantly regulated upon osmotic shock, and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the proteins reacting to osmotic shock are mainly involved in the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability of SWATH-MS to efficiently generate reproducible, consistent, and quantitatively accurate measurements of a large fraction of a proteome across multiple samples.
A stable fluorinated and alkylated lithium malonatoborate salt for lithium ion battery application (2015)

A new fluorinated and alkylated lithium malonatoborate salt, lithium bis(2-methyl-2-fluoromalonato)borate (LiBMFMB), has been synthesized for lithium ion battery application. A 0.8 M LiBMFMB solution is obtained in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1 : 2 by wt). The new LiBMFMB based electrolyte exhibits good cycling stability and rate capability in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and graphite based half-cells.
Targeting Subcellular Localization through the Polo-Box Domain: Non-ATP Competitive Inhibitors Recapitulate a PLK1 Phenotype (2012)

The polo-box domain (PBD) has critical roles in the mitotic functions of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). The replacement with partial ligand alternative through computational enrichment (REPLACE) strategy to develop inhibitors of protein-protein interactions has identified alternatives for the N-terminal tripeptide of a Cdc25C substrate. In addition, a peptide structure-activity relationship described key determinants and novel information useful for drug design. Fragment-ligated inhibitory peptides (FLIP) were generated with comparable affinity to peptide PBD inhibitors and possessed antiproliferative phenotypes in cells consistent with the observed decrease in PLK1 centrosomal localization. These FLIPs showed evidence of enhanced PLK1 inhibition in cells relative to peptides and induced monopolar and multipolar spindles, which stands in contrast to previously reported small-molecule PBD inhibitors that display phenotypes only partially representative of PLK1 knockdown. Progress obtained applying REPLACE validates this approach for identifying fragment alternatives for determinants of the Cdc25C-binding motif and extends its applicability of the strategy for discovering protein-protein interaction inhibitors. In addition, the described PBD inhibitors retain high specificity for PLK1 over PLK3 and therefore show promise as isotype selective, non-ATP competitive kinase inhibitors that provide new impetus for the development of PLK1-selective antitumor therapeutics.
Reversibility of lung inflammation caused by SP-B deficiency (2005)

Whereas decreased concentrations of surfactant protein (SP)-B are associated with lung injury and respiratory distress, potential causal relationships between SP-B deficiency and lung inflammation remain unclear. A transgenic mouse in which human SP-B expression was placed under conditional control of doxycycline via the CCSP promoter was utilized to determine the role of SP-B in the initiation of pulmonary inflammation. Adult mice, made SP-B deficient by removal of doxycycline, developed severe respiratory failure within 4 days. Deficiency of SP-B was associated with increased minimal surface tension of the surfactant and perturbed lung mechanics. Four days of SP-B deficiency did not alter SP-C content or surfactant phospholipid content or composition. SP-B deficiency was associated with lung inflammation and increased soluble L-selectin, STAT-3, and phosphorylated STAT-3 in alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Alveolar IL-6, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 concentrations were increased after removal of doxycycline, indicating pulmonary inflammation. Restoration of SP-B expression following administration of doxycycline rapidly reversed SP-B-dependent abnormalities in lung mechanics and inflammation. SP-B deficiency is sufficient to cause lung dysfunction and inflammation in adult mice. SP-B reversed inflammation and maintained lung function in vivo, indicating its potential utility for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary injury and surfactant deficiency.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Glycoprotein D Gene: Nucleotide Sequence and Expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1982)

The protein coding region of the herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene was mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gD polypeptide was found to contain a number of features in common with other virus glycoproteins. Insertion of this protein coding region into a bacterial expressor plasmid enabled synthesis in Escherichia coli of an immunoreactive gD-related polypeptide. The potential of this system for preparation of a type-common herpes simplex virus vaccine is discussed.
<title>Preliminary investigation into the use of diffuse optical tomography for monitoring and imaging stroke</title> (1999)

For patients with ischemic stroke there is benefit to early treatment (within 3 hours) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, rt-PA, an FDA approved thrombolytic drug. The use of rt-PA within the first 3 hours of an ischemic stroke is based upon a clinical trial showing an increased probability of good functional recovery in the treated group. The challenge is now to individualize therapy in order to decrease the degree of permanent brain injury due to ischemia in as many patients as possible. This requires new tools to assay brian flood flow and tissue injury. However, there is currently no means to non-invasively monitor brain perfusion. There is no non-invasive method to determine whether administration of thrombolytic drug in an individual patient is actually effective in causing reperfusion. We have developed such a method based on using light in conjunction with periodic bolus injections of an optical vascular contrast agent to continuously monitor brain perfusion non-invasively.
Improved high temperature refractory. [MgCr/sub 2/O/sub 4/ composite with ZrO/sub 2/] (1985)

A high chromia refractory composite has been developed with improved thermal shock resistance and containing about 5 to 30 wt % of unstabilized ZrO/sub 2/ having a temperature-dependent phase change resulting in large expansion mismatch between the ZrO/sub 2/ and the chromia matrix which causes microcracks to form during cooling in the high chromia matrix. The particle size preferably is primarily between about 0.6 to 5 microns and particularly below about 3 microns with an average size in the order of 1.2 to 1.8 microns.
Construction of a Hexameric Zn(II)‐metallomacrocycle and its Photo‐ and Electroluminescence Properties: [Zn<sub>6</sub>(<i>O</i>‐hexyl‐3,5‐bis(2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine)phenol)<sub>6</sub>(BF<sub>4</sub>)<sub>12</sub>] (2006)

Abstract Summary: An O ‐hexyl‐3,5‐bis(terpyridine)phenol ligand has been synthesized and transformed into a hexagonal Zn(II)‐metallomacrocycle by a facile self‐assembly procedure capitalizing on terpyridine‐Zn(II)‐terpyridine connectivity. The structural composition was confirmed by NMR and mass spectral techniques; photo‐ and electroluminescence properties were also investigated. The OLED device shows green electroluminescent emission at 515 nm with a maximum luminance of 39 cd · m −2 and maximum efficiency of 0.16 cd · A −1 . Structure and electroluminescent properties of the metallomacrocycle investigated. magnified image Structure and electroluminescent properties of the metallomacrocycle investigated.
The <i>CUP2</i> Gene Product, Regulator of Yeast Metallothionein Expression, Is a Copper-Activated DNA-Binding Protein (1989)

CUP2 is a regulatory gene controlling expression of CUP1, which encodes the Cu-binding yeast metallothionein. CUP2, which is identical to the ACE1 gene, encodes a Cu-regulated DNA-binding protein. The CUP2 protein contains a cysteine-rich DNA-binding domain dependent on Cu+ and Ag+ ions which bind the cysteine residues and direct the refolding of the metal-free apoprotein. CUP2 mutant alleles from Cu-sensitive yeast strains have point mutations affecting the DNA-binding activity. These results establish CUP2 as the primary sensor of intracellular Cu+ in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, functioning as a Cu+-regulated transcriptional activator.