gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2.8 A mixed-mode injection frequency-locked loop for self-calibration of injection locking range and phase noise in 0.13µm CMOS (2016)

Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) are widely used to realize low-noise carrier sources, particularly at mm-Waves by leveraging harmonic injection, but only within a narrow locking range (Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ) [1]. Substantial effort has been made to improve Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> by increasing the injection current through multiport injections in open-loop architectures at the expense of a fair amount of extra power dissipation (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> ) [2]. The Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> -limitation can also be mitigated by calibrating the free-running frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> ) of the ILO using a mixer-based closed-loop configuration, but at the expense of significant hardware complexity in the multi-frequency feedback control and substantially increased P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> [3]. In the closed-loop self-calibration technique presented in this paper, the feedback signal is primarily processed in the digital domain after extracting the envelope signal bearing the frequency difference between the injection source (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inj</sub> ) and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> in the analog domain, resulting in a compact and power-efficient injection-frequency locked loop (IFLL) tracking the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -harmonic of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inj</sub> over 26.5-to-29.7GHz (Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> : 11.4%) with a 2.4mW P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diss</sub> in the calibration circuits.
Leakage control with efficient use of transistor stacks in single threshold CMOS (2002)

The state dependence of leakage can be exploited to obtain modest leakage savings in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. However, one can modify circuits considering state dependence and achieve larger savings. We identify a low-leakage state and insert leakage-control transistors only where needed. Leakage levels are on the order of 35% to 90% lower than those obtained by state dependence alone. Using a modified standard-cell-design flow, area overhead for combinational logic was found to be on the order of 18%. The proposed technique minimizes performance impact, does not require multiple-threshold voltages, and supports a standard-cell-design flow.
Le traitement pulpaire des dents permanentes immatures (2014)

Chez l'enfant, il est courant de rencontrer des lésions carieuses ou traumatiques sur les dents permanentes immatures. Leur conservation sur l'arcade est alors un enjeu primordial pour le chirurgien-dentiste. Deux cas de figures se présentent : soit la dent présente une pulpe vivante, auquel cas l'objectif principal est d'obtenir une édification radiculaire physiologique avec fermeture complexe de l'apex. Le recours aux thérapeutiques d'apexogénèse est alors nécessaire. Soit la dent présente une pulpe nécrosée, l'édification radiculaire non physiologique est obtenue grâce à des techniques d'apexification. Plus récemment, l'approche de la pulpe nécrosée par une technique de revascularisation permet d'obtenir un développement radiculaire physiologique. Cet ouvrage à visée pédagogique est le résultat d'une longue recherche faisant la synthèse des données actuelles présentes dans la littérature.
Proteoglycans in Normal and Healing Skin (2013)

<b>Significance:</b> Proteoglycans have a distinct spatial localization in normal skin and are essential for the correct structural development, organization, hydration, and functional properties of this tissue. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is no longer considered to be just an inert supportive material but is a source of directive, spatial and temporal, contextual information to the cells via components such as the proteoglycans. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of how these important molecules functionally interact with other matrix structures, cells and cellular mediators in normal skin and during wound healing. <b>Recent Advances:</b> New antibodies to glycosaminoglycan side chain components of skin proteoglycans have facilitated the elucidation of detailed localization patterns within skin. Other studies have revealed important proliferative activities of proteinase-generated fragments of proteoglycans and other ECM components (matricryptins). Knockout mice have further established the functional importance of skin proteoglycans in the assembly and homeostasis of the normal skin ECM. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Our comprehension of the molecular and structural complexity of skin as a complex, dynamic, constantly renewing, layered connective tissue is incomplete. The impact of changes in proteoglycans on skin pathology and the wound healing process is recognized as an important area of pathobiology and is an area of intense investigation. <b>Future Directions:</b> Advanced technology is allowing the development of new artificial skins. Recent knowledge on skin proteoglycans can be used to incorporate these molecules into useful adjunct therapies for wound healing and for maintenance of optimal tissue homeostasis in aging skin.
Compiler support for efficient processing of XML datasets (2003)

Declarative, high-level, and/or application-class specific languages are often successful in easing application development. In this paper, we report our experiences in compiling a recently developed XML Query Language, XQuery for applications that process scientific datasets.Though scientific data processing applications can be conveniently represented in XQuery, compiling them to achieve efficient execution involves a number of challenges. These are, 1) analysis of recursive functions to identify reduction computations involving only associative and commutative operations, 2) replacement of recursive functions with iterative constructs, 3) parallelization of generalized reduction functions, which particularly requires the synthesis of global reduction functions, 4) application of data-centric transformations on the structure of XQuery, and 5) translation of XQuery processing to an imperative language like C/C++, which is required for using a middleware that offers low-level functionality.This paper describes our solutions towards these problems. By implementing the techniques in a compiler and generating code for a runtime system called Active Data Repository (ADR), we are able to achieve efficient processing of disk-resident datasets and parallelization on a cluster of machines. Our experimental results show that: 1) restructuring transformations, i.e. removing recursion and applying data-centric execution, result in several-folds improvement in performance, and 2) parallel versions achieve good load-balance, and incur no significant overheads besides communication.
Optimal flux weakening in surface PM machines using concentrated windings (2004)

A design approach is presented for achieving optimal flux weakening operation in surface PM synchronous machines by properly designing the machine's stator windings using concentrated, fractional-slot stator windings. This technique makes it possible to significantly increase the machine inductance in order to achieve the critical condition for providing wide speed ranges of constant-power operation. The conditions for optimal flux weakening can be achieved while simultaneously delivering sinusoidal back-emf waveforms and low cogging torque. A closed-form analytical model is described that can be used to design SPM machines to achieve optimal flux weakening conditions. This technique is applied to design a 6 kW SPM machine that achieves constant-power operation over a wide speed range. Performance characteristics of this machine are compared using both closed-form and finite element analysis.
Music emotion classification (2006)

Due to the subjective nature of human perception, classification of the emotion of music is a challenging problem. Simply assigning an emotion class to a song segment in a deterministic way does not work well because not all people share the same feeling for a song. In this paper, we consider a different approach to music emotion classification. For each music segment, the approach determines how likely the song segment belongs to an emotion class. Two fuzzy classifiers are adopted to provide the measurement of the emotion strength. The measurement is also found useful for tracking the variation of music emotions in a song. Results are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Progress of computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) in dentistry<Runningtitle>CAD in dentistry</Runningtitle> (2014)

The development of computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) systems for dental imaging is progressing. One expected use of CAD is to detect radiological signs of medical systemic disease in the panoramic screening radiograph. The target diseases for CAD include osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, and maxillary sinusitis. CAD is also useful in the detection and evaluation of dental and maxillofacial lesions. Identifying alveolar bone resorption due to periodontitis and radiolucent jaw lesions (such as radicular and dentigerous cysts) are important goals for CAD. CAD can be applied not only to panoramic radiography but also to dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Linking of CAD and teleradiology will be an important issue.
Detecting low-quality reference time series in stream recognition (2016)

On-line supervised spotting and classification of subsequences can be performed by comparing some distance between the stream and previously learnt time series. However, learning a few incorrect time series can trigger disproportionately many false alarms. In this paper, we propose a fast technique to prune bad instances away and automatically select appropriate distance thresholds. Our main contribution is to turn the ill-defined spotting problem into a collection of single well-defined binary classification problems, by segmenting the stream and by ranking subsets of instances on those segments very quickly. We further demonstrate our technique's effectiveness on a gesture recognition application.
Error compensation of A/D converters using neural networks (1996)

This paper describes a new technique for compensating errors in analog-to-digital converters (ADC's). It can be considered an improvement of the phase plane compensation technique: the idea is to exploit the generalization capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN's) to reduce the large number of experiments required. The ANN is built and set up in a simulation environment using an ADC behavioral model, whose errors can be fixed to known values. It is thus possible to simulate a set of ADC's with very different performances, thereby enabling the usefulness of the proposed approach to be investigated in very different working conditions. The results were analyzed by comparing the behaviour of uncompensated and compensated ADC outputs.
Effects of fibrate on the pathophysiology of kidney (2009)

Recent studies show that fibrate plays a wide role in the pathophysiology of kidney. Fi-brate inhibits stress response and apoptosis of podocytes via the downregulation of lipid. On the other hand ,fi-brate plays an important role in anti-oxidant stress, anti-inflammation and anti-thrombus in non-lipid regula-tion way, including inducing the generation of NO to improve endothelial function, inhibiting the pathway of NF-kB,downregulating gene expression of NAD(P) H oxidase, PAl-l, tissue factor. So fibrate protects renal function. Although fibrate has no negative effect on glomerular filtration rate, it was reported to increase serum creatinine level sometimes. The relation between fibrate and renal function, its mechanism and the long-term effect remain unknown and need further investigation. 

Key words: 
Fibrate;  Kidney; Creatinine; Glomerular filtration rate;  Proteinuria
Tandem plasmapheresis and haemodialysis as a safe procedure in 82 patients with immune-mediated disease (2008)

Providing both haemodialysis and plasmapheresis at the same time reduces treatment time and thus, overall cost of the treatment. This retrospective analysis shows the tandem treatment to be safe and effective.
Rigorous link between fluid permeability, electrical conductivity, and relaxation times for transport in porous media (1991)

A rigorous expression is derived that relates exactly the static fluid permeability k for flow through porous media to the electrical formation factor F (inverse of the dimensionless effective conductivity) and an effective length parameter L, i.e., k=L2/8F. This length parameter involves a certain average of the eigenvalues of the Stokes operator and reflects information about electrical and momentum transport. From the exact relation for k, a rigorous upper bound follows in terms of the principal viscous relation time Θ1 (proportional to the inverse of the smallest eigenvalue): k≤νΘ1/F, where ν is the kinematic viscosity. It is also demonstrated that νΘ1≤DT1, where T1 is the diffusion relaxation time for the analogous scalar diffusion problem and D is the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, one also has the alternative bound k≤DT1/F. The latter expression relates the fluid permeability on the one hand to purely diffusional parameters on the other. Finally, using the exact relation for the permeability, a derivation of the approximate relation k≂Λ2/8F postulated by Johnson et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2564 (1986)] is given.
Tissue-specific RNAi reveals that WT1 expression in nurse cells controls germ cell survival and spermatogenesis (2006)

Using a novel tissue-specific RNA interference (RNAi) approach that mimics the principle by which naturally occurring microRNAs (miRNA) are made, we demonstrate that the Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) transcription factor has an essential role in spermatogenesis. Mice depleted of WT1 in Sertoli nurse cells suffered from increased germ cell apoptosis, loss of adherens junctions, disregulation of adherence junction-associated genes, and impaired fertility. These effects were recapitulated in transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of WT1 in Sertoli cells, demonstrating the validity of our RNAi approach. Our results indicate that the tumor suppressor WT1 promotes Sertoli cell-germ cell signaling events driving spermatogenesis.
Structure/Permeability Relationships Of Polyimide Membranes (1995)

Report describes experimental study of permeabilities, by each of five gases, of membranes made of four different polyimides. Conducted to gain understanding of effects of molecular structures of membranes on permeabilities and to assess potential for exploitation of selective permeability in gas-separation processes. Gases used: H2, O2, N2, CO2, and CH4.
Many-task computing for grids and supercomputers (2008)

Many-task computing aims to bridge the gap between two computing paradigms, high throughput computing and high performance computing. Many task computing differs from high throughput computing in the emphasis of using large number of computing resources over short periods of time to accomplish many computational tasks (i.e. including both dependent and independent tasks), where primary metrics are measured in seconds (e.g. FLOPS, tasks/sec, MB/s I/O rates), as opposed to operations (e.g. jobs) per month. Many task computing denotes high-performance computations comprising multiple distinct activities, coupled via file system operations. Tasks may be small or large, uniprocessor or multiprocessor, compute-intensive or data-intensive. The set of tasks may be static or dynamic, homogeneous or heterogeneous, loosely coupled or tightly coupled. The aggregate number of tasks, quantity of computing, and volumes of data may be extremely large. Many task computing includes loosely coupled applications that are generally communication-intensive but not naturally expressed using standard message passing interface commonly found in high performance computing, drawing attention to the many computations that are heterogeneous but not ldquohappilyrdquo parallel.
Clinical Nerve Reconstruction with a Bioabsorbable Polyglycolic Acid Tube (1990)

Microneurosurgical techniques to reconstruct nerve gaps with nerve grafts frequently fail to achieve excellent functional results and create donor-site morbidity. In the present study, 15 patients had gaps of 0.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 1.7 cm) in digital nerves reconstructed by one surgeon with a bioabsorbable polyglycolic acid (PGA) tube. A final evaluation of sensibility was done by a second surgeon at a mean postoperative interval of 22.4 months (range 11 to 32 months). These were all secondary reconstructions. The evaluation included a digital nerve block with local anesthetic for the intact (not reconstructed) digital nerve. Excellent functional sensation (moving two-point discrimination less than or equal to 3 mm and/or static two-point discrimination less than or equal to 6 mm) was present in 33 percent and good functional sensation (moving two-point discrimination of 4 to 7 mm and/or static two-point discrimination of 7 to 15 mm) in 53 percent of the digital nerve reconstructions. One patient with poor sensory recovery and one with no recovery were judged as functional failures (14 percent). Absence of pain at the site of reconstruction was judged by the patient to be excellent in 40 percent, good in 33 percent, and poor in 27 percent. We conclude that reconstruction of nerve gaps of up to 3.0 cm with a bioabsorbable PGA tube gives clinical results at least comparable to the classic nerve graft technique while avoiding donor-site morbidity.
Breakthrough Conference debates how to restore a safe climate (2014)

Breakthrough 2014, National Climate Restoration Forum, held over June 21 to 22 in Melbourne, brought together scientists, economists, engineers, business leaders and climate activists.
Live Attenuated or Inactivated Influenza Vaccines and Medical Encounters for Respiratory Illnesses Among US Military Personnel (2009)

Vaccination with TIV was associated with fewer medical encounters related to pneumonia and influenza compared with LAIV or no immunization. In this annually immunized population, this effect was less apparent in those vaccinated with LAIV.
Probing Electrospray Ionization Dynamics Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry: The Curious Case of 4-Aminobenzoic Acid (2012)

Here, we present the separation of two ions that differ only by the site of protonation of the analyte molecule using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Protonated 4-aminobenzoic acid molecules (4-ABA) generated by positive-mode electrospray ionization [ESI(+)] can exist with the proton residing on either the amine nitrogen (N-protonated) or the carboxylic acid oxygen (O-protonated), and the protonation site can differ on the basis of the solvent system used. In this study, we demonstrate the identification and separation of N- and O-protonated 4-ABA using DMS, with structural assignments verified by: (1) the presence of distinct peaks in the DMS ionogram, (2) the observed effects resulting from altering the ESI(+) solvent system, (3) the observed (13)C NMR chemical shifts arising from altering the solvent system, (4) the observation of distinct MS/MS fragmentation patterns for the two DMS-separated ions, (5) the unique hydrogen-deuterium exchange behavior for these ions, and (6) the fundamental behavior of these two ions within the DMS cell, linked back to the structural differences between the two protonated forms.
Mineralogical Analyses of a Precambrian Stromatolite (1992)

Stromatolite is the fossil of the marine life of Infra-Cambrian era ( ca.650-800Ma), having layered structure similar to the annual ring of woods. The mineralogy of these ring structures are studied by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis, IR(infra-red) absorption analysis and Xray diffraction analysis. Dark-colored rings and light brown-colored intermediates are found to be consist of CaC03(Calcite) and Ca(FeMg)(C03 )2(Ankerite), respectively. Magnesium of chrolophyl origin is suspected.
Lateral Growth of GaAs over SiO<sub>2</sub> Films Prepared on (111)B Substrates by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1989)

Lateral growth of GaAs was carried out over SiO 2 films on (111)B substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A maximum growth rate of 0.29 µm/min was obtained at a direction having a 6° off-angle from < 110 > to < 112 >A, and the ratio of lateral to vertical growth rate was 48.3. When the direction of lateral growth deviated toward the <112>B side, the growth rate drastically decreased and the crystal-orientation dependence of the lateral growth rate could be explained by the off-angle dependence of the stability of the Ga kink site. The (11̄0) facet appearing on the growth front of lateral layers extending in the [11̄0] direction was extremely flat and perpendicular to substrate surface.
Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014 (2014)

Since October 2013, French Polynesia has experienced the largest documented outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKAV) infection. To prevent transmission of ZIKAV by blood transfusion, specific nucleic acid testing of blood donors was implemented. From November 2013 to February 2014: 42 (3%) of 1,505 blood donors, although asymptomatic at the time of blood donation, were found positive for ZIKAV by PCR. Our results serve to alert blood safety authorities about the risk of post-transfusion Zika fever.
2ST-UNet: 2-Stage Training Model using U-Net for Pneumothorax Segmentation in Chest X-Rays (2020)

Pneumothorax, also called a collapsed lung, is the presence of the air outside of the lung in the space between the lung and chest wall. It is generally diagnosed using a chest X-ray. However, for some cases, the diagnosis can be difficult as other medical conditions appear similarly. Machine Learning algorithms have been providing great assistance in detecting and locating pneumothorax lately. In this paper, we propose a 2-Stage Training system to segment images with pneumothorax. This system has been built based on U-Net, the state-of-the-art Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) architecture, with a backbone Residual Networks (ResNet-34) that is pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset. In the beginning, we train the network at a lower resolution. Then, we load the trained model weights to retrain the network with a higher resolution. Moreover, we utilize different techniques including Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA), data augmentation, and Test-Time Augmentation (TTA). We use the chest X-ray dataset that is provided by the 2019 SIIM-ACR Pneumothorax Segmentation Challenge, which contains 12047 training images and 3205 testing images. Our experiments show that 2-Stage Training leads to better and faster network convergence. Our method achieves 0.8356 mean Dice coefficient placing it among the top 9% of competitors with a rank of 124 out of 1475.
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial on efficacy and safety of association of simethicone and Bacillus coagulans (Colinox®) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. (2014)

This is the first randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a combination of simethicone and Bacillus coagulans in treatment of IBS.