gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The challenges of building scalable mobile underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications (2006)

The large-scale mobile underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is a novel networking paradigm to explore aqueous environments. However, the characteristics of mobile UWSNs, such as low communication bandwidth, large propagation delay, floating node mobility, and high error probability, are significantly different from ground-based wireless sensor networks. The novel networking paradigm poses interdisciplinary challenges that will require new technological solutions. In particular, in this article we adopt a top-down approach to explore the research challenges in mobile UWSN design. Along the layered protocol stack, we proceed roughly from the top application layer to the bottom physical layer. At each layer, a set of new design intricacies is studied. The conclusion is that building scalable mobile UWSNs is a challenge that must be answered by interdisciplinary efforts of acoustic communications, signal processing, and mobile acoustic network protocol design.
Inhibition of β2-adrenergic receptor reduces triple-negative breast cancer brain metastases: The potential benefit of perioperative β-blockade (2016)

In response to recent studies, we investigated an association between perioperative β-blockade and breast cancer metastases. First, a retrospective study examining perioperative β-blocker use and cancer recurrence and metastases was conducted on 1,029 patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at the City of Hope Cancer Center between 2000 and 2010. We followed the clinical study and examined proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro of primary and brain-metastatic breast cancer cells in response to β2-activation and inhibition. We also investigated in vivo the metastatic potential of propranolol-treated metastatic cells. For stage II breast cancer patients, perioperative β-blockade was associated with decreased cancer recurrence using Cox regression analysis (hazard's ratio =0.51; 95% CI: 0.23-0.97; p=0.041). Triple-negative (TN) brain-metastatic cells were found to have increased β2-adrenergic receptor mRNA and protein expression relative to TN primary cells. In response to β2-adrenergic receptor activation, TN brain-metastatic cells also exhibited increased cell proliferation and migration relative to the control. These effects were abrogated by propranolol. Propranolol decreased β2-adrenergic receptor-activated invasion. In vivo, propranolol treatment of TN brain-metastatic cells decreased establishment of brain metastases. Our results suggest that stress and corresponding β2-activation may promote the establishment of brain metastases of TN breast cancer cells. In addition, our data suggest a benefit to perioperative β-blockade during surgery-induced stress with respect to breast cancer recurrence and metastases.
Resolution of DL-Valine by Countercurrent Solvent Extraction with Continuous Sample Feeding (1990)

Abstract DL-Valine was resolved completely by a solvent extraction system with a continuous sample feeding process called continuous countercurrent fractional extraction (CFE). The two-phase system contained n-butanol and water with a copper(II) complex of N-n-dodecyl-L-hydroxproline as a resolving reagent. The upper (alcohol-rich) phase and the lower (water-rich) phase proceeded in the segmented extraction columns countercurrently; the D-isomer was recovered in the upper phase, while the L-isomer was recovered in the lower phase. The optical purity of the enantiomers obtained was consistently 99.5% or higher. The D-isomer extracted in the upper phase was recovered completely by using a backextraction column in series after the extraction column, allowing the upper phase to be used repeatedly for the resolution. The efficiency of the CFE system was estimated at more than 24 theoretical stages.
Temperature Sensitization of Liposomes by Use of <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide Copolymers with Varying Transition Endotherms (2004)

Three kinds of copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with the same conformational transition temperature and varying transition endotherms were synthesized with N-acryloylpyrrolidine (APr), N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM), and N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM) as the comonomers. Two dodecyl groups were incorporated into the termini of these copolymers as an anchor for the fixation to a liposomal membrane. Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes having these copolymers were prepared and their temperature-sensitive contents release and association properties were investigated. While these copolymer exhibited a conformational transition at ca. 40 degrees C, DeltaH for the transition increased in the order of poly(APr-co-NIPAM) < poly(DMAM-co-NIPAM) < poly(NIPMAM-co-NIPAM). The liposomes containing poly(NIPMAM-co-NIPAM) showed a drastic release enhancement of entrapped calcein above the transition temperature, whereas the liposomes with poly(DMAM-co-NIPAM) and those with poly(APr-co-NIPAM) exhibited moderate and slight enhancement of calcein release above that temperature, respectively. On the contrary, the liposomes containing poly(APr-co-NIPAM) showed significant aggregation above the transition temperature, but the aggregation was hardly observed for the liposomes having poly(NIPMAM-co-NIPAM), indicating that poly(APr-co-NIPAM) more efficiently made the liposome surface hydrophobic. Thus, we concluded that the copolymer with a large DeltaH is suitable for obtaining functional liposomes with a temperature-sensitive contents release property, whereas the copolymer with a small DeltaH is appropriate for preparing functional liposomes with a temperature-sensitive surface property.
S2-T4: Low-temperature substrate bonding technology for high power GaN-on-diamond HEMTs (2014)

We report the first demonstration of GaN-on-diamond RF power transistors produced by low-temperature substrate bonding technology. GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are lifted from the original SiC substrate post fabrication and transferred onto high-quality polycrystalline diamond with thermal conductivity of 1,800–2,000 W/mK. Resulting GaN-on-diamond HEMTs demonstrated DC current density of 1.0A/mm transconductance of 330mS/mm and RF output power density of 6.0W/mm at 10GHz (CW). Finite-element thermal modeling indicates GaN-on-diamond technology based on low-temperature substrate bonding is capable of 3X increased power per area compared to conventional GaN-on-SiC devices.
zCall: a rare variant caller for array-based genotyping (2012)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Homogenization of random quasiconformal mappings and random Delauney triangulations (2023)

In this paper, we solve two problems dealing with the homogenization of random media. We show that a random quasiconformal mapping is close to an affine mapping, while a circle packing of a random Delauney triangulation is close to a conformal map, confirming a conjecture of K. Stephenson. We also show that on a Riemann surface equipped with a conformal metric, a random Delauney triangulation is close to being circle packed.
People counting across spatially disjoint cameras by flow estimation between foreground regions (2013)

Our goal is to develop a method for counting the number of people traveling over a wide area monitored by spatially disjoint multiple cameras with non-overlapping fields of view. The proposed method counts the number of people traversing across each pair of cameras' fields of view by estimating the flows between the foreground regions which have disappeared from and appeared in the camera views within a short time interval. The approach aims at resolving two problems: people in a foreground region can split and merge outside the cameras' fields of view, and the appearance variance of the same person and persons with similar appearance can lead to errors in person re-identification across cameras. The average errors of 0.184 persons in counting the number of people traveling over an area in a university campus monitored by four virtual cameras for 100 minutes have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Study of the Relationship between Biological Activity and Prolyl Amide Isomer Geometry in Oxytocin Using 5-<i>tert</i>-Butylproline To Augment the Cys<sup>6</sup>-Pro<sup>7</sup>Amide<i>Cis</i>-Isomer Population (2000)

Three [5-t-BuPro(7)]oxytocin analogues were synthesized by substituting (2S,5R)-5-tert-butylproline for proline in oxytocin, [Mpa(1)]oxytocin, and [dPen(1)]oxytocin. Relative to oxytocin, [5-t-BuPro(7)]oxytocin and [Mpa(1),5-t-BuPro(7)]oxytocin exhibited strongly reduced binding affinity to the receptor; however, both peptides maintained the pharmacophore characteristics responsible for signal transfer evoking the same maximal response as oxytocin in the single-dose procedure and exhibiting partial agonistic activity in the cumulative dose-response procedure. Although [dPen(1)]oxytocin exhibited inhibitory as well as partial agonistic activity, [dPen(1),5-t-BuPro(7)]oxytocin exhibited only inhibitory potency with a similar in vitro pA(2) value of 7.50 in the absence of magnesium. In the presence of magnesium, [dPen(1), 5-t-BuPro(7)]oxytocin exhibited stronger inhibitory potency than [dPen(1)]oxytocin and no partial agonism. Assignment of the proton signals for the 5-tert-butylprolyl amide cis- and trans-isomers by two-dimensional NMR experiments in water indicated that the Cys(6)-Pro(7) peptide bond cis-isomer population was augmented relative to the prolyl peptides and measured respectively at 35%, 33%, and 20% in the 5-tert-butylproline(7) analogues of oxytocin, [Mpa(1)]oxytocin and [dPen(1)]oxytocin. Although caution must be taken when relating the increase in cis-isomer population with an influence on biological activity in [5-t-BuPro(7)]oxytocin analogues, the synthesis and evaluation of analogues 1-3 have provided additional evidence that can be used to support the hypothesis that the prolyl amide cis-isomer may favor antagonism and the trans-isomer is necessary for agonist activity.
The effects of three recombinant growth factors, IL-3, GM-CSF, and G- CSF, on the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia maintained in short-term suspension culture (1987)

The blast stem cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) respond in cell culture to growth factors by both self-renewal and terminal divisions. Both of these functions have been shown to be stimulated by the recombinant growth factors granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). In this paper, recombinant gibbon interleukin-3 (IL-3), homologous to human IL-3, was tested on blast cells and compared with the effects of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and medium conditioned by the bladder cell line 5637 (5637-CM). We found that IL-3 was an effective stimulator of blast renewal and terminal divisions. However, great patient-to-patient variation was found. A graphic method of presenting complex comparisons between growth factors is also included.
연구논문 : 농업 관련 조직의 실태와 농촌 내부의 경제력 집중 현상 분석 - 전남지역 K 군의 농업생산법인체를 대상으로 - (2002)

이 논문은 농업구조조정 정책과 관련하여 강력히 추진하였던 농업법인경영체 육성정책의 문제점을 전남지역 K군의 정책자금 집행 사례와 관련한 전수자료를 활용하여 분석했다. 먼저 농업분야의 조직화가 갖는 독특한 성격에 기초하여 조직 존속 조건으로서의 조직의 내외부 균형의 달성 여부, 구체적으로 조직유효성과 조직능률은 과연 달성되고 있는가의 여부에 기초하여 분석했다. 그 결과 지금까지의 조직화 방식은 조직유효성과 조직능률 모두를 달성시키지 못한 방식이어서 실패로 귀결될 수밖에 없었음을 입증하였다. 한편, 이러한 분석과 동시에 조직 육성을 위한 정책자금 배분방식은 과연 합리적이었고 원래의 정책목표에 충실하였는가의 여부에 대한 분석도 시도했다. 그 결과 정책자금의 배분은 현재의 농촌노동력의 고령화를 인정하더라도 매우 비효율적이었고 불공정하였으며, 나아가 이로 인해 농촌내의 경제력 집중을 야기하는 또다른 문제점을 야기한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 한국이 직면하고 있는 현재의 대내외적인 농업환경과 관련하여 조직화의 필요성은 앞으로도 계속 유효하나 이것이 효과적으로 달성되기 위해서는 그 접근 방식을 달리하여야 함을 결론으로 제시했다.
Unified Power Flow Controller Using the Cascade Multilevel Inverter (2004)

Power flow control is important in power systems and recently becomes more urgent because of the deregulation and 2003 blackout. This paper presents a novel configuration of unified power flow controller. The proposed configuration has several unique features and advantages over the conventional configuration. As a result, cascade multilevel inverter can be used in the new configuration to lower the cost, volume, and increase the reliability of the system. Analysis and simulation results will be presented.
Self-Consistent Field Analysis of Grafted Star Polymers (1996)

A self-consistent mean-field treatment of star polymers grafted to an impenetrable surface is developed and used to calculate the near-surface equilibrium segment density profiles. The effects of architecture and grafting density on molecular conformation in the absence of enthalpic interactions are explored. We find that the tethering arm of a grafted star is maximally stretched at moderate grafting density, and thus the height of a layer of stars is controlled by the distribution of chains extending from the branch node into the solvent. Evidence is presented for the existence of a “virtual surface” at the branch node of grafted stars, above which arms stretching into the solvent behave as linear brushes independently grafted to the branch node layer. Grafted layers of stars and linear chains are contrasted by comparing the total concentration profiles and end segment distributions. Results suggest that star polymers may be superior for preparing a cell adhesion substrate characterized by high surface coverage and localization of end groups near the top of the layer.
Primary Results of the Multicenter ARISE II Study (Analysis of Revascularization in Ischemic Stroke With EmboTrap) (2018)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02488915.
Bayesian Optimization and Semiparametric Models with Applications to Assistive Technology (2014)

Advances in machine learning are having a profound impact on disciplines spanning the sciences. Assistive technology and health informatics are fields for which minor improvements achieved through leveraging more advanced machine learning algorithms can translate to major real world impact. However, successful application of machine learning currently requires broad domain knowledge to determine which model is appropriate for a given task, and model specific expertise to configure a model to a problem of interest. A major motivation for this thesis was: How can we make machine learning more accessible to assistive technology and health informatics researchers? Naturally, a complementary goal is to make machine learning more accessible in general. Specifically, in this thesis we explore how to automate the role of a machine learning expert through automatically adapting models and adjusting parameters to a given task of interest. This thesis consists of a number of contributions towards solving this challenging open problem in machine learning and these are empirically validated on four real-world applications. Through an interesting theoretical link between two seemingly disparate latent variable models, we create a hybrid model that allows one to flexibly interpolate over a parametric unsupervised neural network, a classification neural network and a non-parametric Gaussian process. We demonstrate empirically that this non-parametrically guided autoencoder allows one to learn a latent representation that is more useful for a given task of interest. We establish methods for automatically configuring machine learning model hyperparameters using Bayesian optimization. We develop Bayesian methods for integrating over parameters, explore the use of different priors over functions, and develop methods to run experiments in parallel. We demonstrate empirically that these methods find better hyperparameters on recent benchmark problems spanning machine learning in significantly less experiments than the methods employed by the problems' authors. We further establish methods for incorporating parameter dependent variable cost in the optimization procedure. These methods find better hyperparameters in less cost, such as time, or within bounded cost, such as before a deadline. Additionally, we develop a constrained Bayesian optimization variant and demonstrate its superiority over the standard procedure in the presence of unknown constraints.
Preparation of cross-sectional TEM samples for low-angle ion milling (1997)

The ideal ion-milled transmission electron microscope (TEM) sample would contain large, thin areas in selected regions, minimal top and bottom surface amorphization, and minimal preferential etching of adjacent materials. This desire has led to studies of these effects and improvements in designs and techniques for ion mills. Minimizing the incident angle of the ion beam to the surface of the sample has been found to be one of the most effective techniques for fulfilling these requirements. A new generation of ion mills has recently been designed to allow low-angle ion milling for the production of very high quality cross-sectional TEM samples. To take advantage of the low-angle ion milling capabilities and high-powered ion sources in these mills, new sample preparation techniques are required. In this paper, a simple technique of mounting material in a specialized titanium grid for cross-sectional TEM sample preparation is presented. This technique is designed to take full advantage of the powerful capabilities of these new low-angle ion mills.
Amyloid-β Plaques in Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Incorporate Stable Isotope Tracer In Vivo and Exhibit Nanoscale Heterogeneity (2018)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with clinical manifestations of progressive memory decline and loss of executive function and language. AD affects an estimated 5.3 million Americans alone and is the most common form of age-related dementia with a rapidly growing prevalence among the aging population-those 65 years of age or older. AD is characterized by accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain, which leads to one of the pathological hallmarks of AD-Aβ plaques. As a result, Aβ plaques have been extensively studied after being first described over a century ago. Advances in brain imaging and quantitative measures of Aβ in biological fluids have yielded insight into the time course of plaque development decades before and after AD symptom onset. However, despite the fundamental role of Aβ plaques in AD, <i>in vivo</i> measures of individual plaque growth, growth distribution, and dynamics are still lacking. To address this question, we combined stable isotope labeling kinetics (SILK) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging in an approach termed SILK-SIMS to resolve plaque dynamics in three human AD brains. In human AD brain, plaques exhibit incorporation of a stable isotope tracer. Tracer enrichment was highly variable between plaques and the spatial distribution asymmetric with both quiescent and active nanometer sub-regions of tracer incorporation. These data reveal that Aβ plaques are dynamic structures with deposition rates over days indicating a highly active process. Here, we report the first, direct quantitative measures of <i>in vivo</i> deposition into plaques in human AD brain. Our SILK-SIMS studies will provide invaluable information on plaque dynamics in the normal and diseased brain and offer many new avenues for investigation into pathological mechanisms of the disease, with implications for therapeutic development.
1,5‐Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octa‐2,6‐dien⇌4,5‐Diazaocta‐1,3,5,7‐tetraen Ein neues Valenzisomerenpaar und seine Rolle bei Pyrazol‐Synthesen (1979)

Abstract 1,5‐Diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octa‐2,6‐diene vom Typ 1 unterliegen sowohl bei der Thermolyse als auch bei der Photolyse einer Folge von elektrocyclischen Prozessen unter Bildung von 4,5‐Diazaocta‐1,3,5,7‐tetraenen 3 . Der Einfluß des Substitutionsmusters auf die Auslösebedingungen der Reaktion sowie auf die Lage des Valenzisomeren‐Gleichgewichts wird untersucht. Die Umsetzung von Aldazinen mit Alkinen führt über den beschriebenen Valenzisomerisierungsprozeβ zu Pyrazolen. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion wird diskutiert.
Arm Elevation Angle and Spinal Curvature in Healthy Adults (2010)

〔目的〕本研究では，健常成人男性における上肢挙上角と脊柱彎曲角（胸椎後彎角および腰椎前彎角）との関係について検討した。〔対象〕健常成人男性12名（平均年齢23.6±5.5歳）。〔方法〕上肢下垂位，90°，120°，150°，最大挙上位の5肢位における胸椎後彎角と腰椎前彎角を計測し，各挙上肢位で比較した。〔結果〕胸椎後彎角は，上肢下垂位から120°挙上位までと比較して150°挙上位と最大挙上位で有意な減少を示した。腰椎前彎角は，上肢下垂位と比べ150°挙上位以上で有意な増加を認めた。また，その増加の推移は上肢挙上角の増加に伴って概ね直線的に増加する傾向を示した。〔結語〕上肢挙上運動と脊柱彎曲角との関係は，挙上運動に伴って腰椎前彎角が概ね直線的に増加し，150°挙上位以上で腰椎前彎に加えて胸椎後彎角が有意に減少することで，上肢挙上運動に胸腰椎が相互的に貢献することが示唆された。
Learning Sound Event Classifiers from Web Audio with Noisy Labels (2019)

As sound event classification moves towards larger datasets, issues of label noise become inevitable. Web sites can supply large volumes of user-contributed audio and metadata, but inferring labels from this metadata introduces errors due to unreliable inputs, and limitations in the mapping. There is, however, little research into the impact of these errors. To foster the investigation of label noise in sound event classification we present FSDnoisy18k, a dataset containing 42.5 hours of audio across 20 sound classes, including a small amount of manually-labeled data and a larger quantity of real-world noisy data. We characterize the label noise empirically, and provide a CNN baseline system. Experiments suggest that training with large amounts of noisy data can outperform training with smaller amounts of carefully-labeled data. We also show that noise-robust loss functions can be effective in improving performance in presence of corrupted labels.
A facile approach to silica-modified polysulfone microfiltration membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation (2016)

A facile strategy to prepare silica-modified membranes with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity was developed. These hybrid membranes can be applied in oil/water separation with high filtration efficiency and pressure endurance.
Enhanced Secretory Production of a Single-Chain Antibody Fragment from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> by Coproduction of Molecular Chaperones (1998)

Formation of inclusion bodies is a major limiting factor for secretory production of an antidigoxin single-chain antibody (SCA) fragment from Bacillus subtilis. To address this problem, three new strains with enhanced production of molecular chaperones were constructed. WB600BHM constitutively produces the major intracellular molecular chaperones in an appropriate ratio without any heat shock treatment. This strain reduced the formation of insoluble SCA by 45% and increased the secretory production yield by 60%. The second strain, WB600B[pEPP], overproduces an extracytoplasmic molecular chaperone, PrsA. An increase in the total yield of SCA was observed. The third strain, WB600BHM[pEPP], coproduces both intracellular and extracytoplasmic molecular chaperones. This led to a further reduction in inclusion body formation and a 2.5-fold increase in the secretory production yield. SCA fragments secreted by this strain were biologically active and showed affinity to digoxin comparable to the affinity of those secreted by strains without overproduction of molecular chaperones. Interestingly, accumulation of a pool of periplasmic SCA was observed in the PrsA-overproducing strains. This pool is suggested to represent the secreted folding intermediates in the process of achieving their final configuration.
RAD51 paralogs promote homology-directed repair at diversifying immunoglobulin V regions (2009)

These results demonstrate direct functions of RAD51D and XRCC2 in immunoglobulin gene conversion, and also suggest that modulation of levels of repair factors may be a useful strategy to promote gene correction in other cell types.
Intelligibility assessment of a multi-band speech enhancement scheme (2002)

A series of psychoacoustic experiments are described which attempt to assess the capability of a multi-microphone sub-band adaptive (MMSBA) signal processing scheme for improving the intelligibility of speech corrupted with recorded automobile noise. For the experimental cases considered, the proposed MMSBA scheme employing diverse sub-band processing is shown to deliver a statistically significant improvement in terms of both speech intelligibility and perceived quality when compared with both the wideband processed and the noisy unprocessed case.