gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SCALABLE LIQUID METAL THIN LINE PATTERNING FOR PASSIVE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS USING SOFT LITHOGRAPHY (2016)

This paper presents a size-scalable and residue-free liquid metal patterning technique for all-soft passive electronic components using soft lithography and gallium-based liquid metal (EGaIn, Eutectic Gallium-Indium Alloy). Using the proposed technique, uniform and smooth EGaIn lines with widths ranging from single micrometers to several millimeters are patterned on a PDMS mold at room temperature in ambient pressure. To highlight the process capabilities, the electrical characteristics of fabricated passive components, such as resistors, interdigitated capacitors, as well as vertical interconnects using flexible-through-PDMS vias (fTPVs) are investigated under bending and twisting deformation.
Use of Alkane Elimination in the One-Step Synthesis of Organoscandium Complexes Containing a New Multidentate Cyclopentadienyl Ligand (1996)

A new multidentate ligand, CpHNMeSiN(H)R (SiNR = −SiMe2N-tert-butyl; NMe = 3-CH2CH2NMe2; 1) was prepared in 71% yield as a mixture of 1,3 and 1,2 isomers (≈7:3) in one step from CpHNMe, Me2SiCl2, and tert-butylamine. The ligand was attached to scandium in an efficient alkane elimination reaction by treatment of in situ generated Sc(CH2SiMe3)3·2THF with diproteo 1, yielding the alkylscandium species [(CpNMeSiNR)Sc(CH2SiMe3)], 2, directly in 52% yield. The reaction was 100% diastereoselective for the (1S)-(RSc)/(1R)-(SSc) pair of enantiomers. Treatment of 2 with dihydrogen gave two of four possible diastereomeric μ-dihydrides. The Ci symmetric 1R-trans-1‘S diasteriomer 3a was characterized crystallographically. Thermolysis of 2 at 70 °C for 3 days resulted in metalation of an N-methyl group and loss of Me4Si. A mixture of two dimeric compounds with bridging methylene units was formed, one of which was identified as the Ci symmetric 1R-trans-1‘S diasteriomer 4a by X-ray crystallography.
Traffic-aware multiple mix zone placement for protecting location privacy (2012)

Privacy protection is of critical concern to Location-Based Service (LBS) users in mobile networks. Long-term pseudonyms, although appear to be anonymous, in fact empower third-party service providers to continuously track users' movements. Researchers have proposed the mix zone model to allow pseudonym changes in protected areas. In this paper, we investigate a new form of privacy attack to the LBS system that an adversary reveals a user's true identity and complete moving trajectory with the aid of side information. We propose a new metric to quantify the system's resilience to such attacks, and suggest using multiple mix zones to tackle this problem. A mathematical model is presented that treats the deployment of multiple mix zones as a cost constrained optimization problem. Furthermore, the influence of traffic density is also taken into account to enhance the protection effectiveness. The placement optimization problem is NP-hard. We therefore design two heuristic algorithms as practical and effective means to strategically select mix zone locations, and consequently reduce the privacy risks of mobile users trajectories. The effectiveness of our proposed solutions is demonstrated through extensive simulations on real-world mobile user data traces.
On code reuse from StackOverflow: An exploratory study on Android apps (2017)

Context: Source code reuse has been widely accepted as a fundamental activity in software development. Recent studies showed that StackOverflow has emerged as one of the most popular resources for code reuse. Therefore, a plethora of work proposed ways to optimally ask questions, search for answers and find relevant code on StackOverflow. However, little work studies the impact of code reuse from StackOverflow. Objective: To better understand the impact of code reuse from StackOverflow, we perform an exploratory study focusing on code reuse from StackOverflow in the context of mobile apps. Specifically, we investigate how much, why, when, and who reuses code. Moreover, to understand the potential implications of code reuse, we examine the percentage of bugs in files that reuse StackOverflow code. Method: We perform our study on 22 open source Android apps. For each project, we mine their source code and use clone detection techniques to identify code that is reused from StackOverflow. We then apply different quantitative and qualitative methods to answer our research questions. Results: Our findings indicate that 1) the amount of reused StackOverflow code varies for different mobile apps, 2) feature additions and enhancements in apps are the main reasons for code reuse from StackOverflow, 3) mid-age and older apps reuse StackOverflow code mostly later on in their project lifetime and 4) that in smaller teams/apps, more experienced developers reuse code, whereas in larger teams/apps, the less experienced developers reuse code the most. Additionally, we found that the percentage of bugs is higher in files after reusing code from StackOverflow. Conclusion: Our results provide insights on the potential impact of code reuse from StackOverflow on mobile apps. Furthermore, these results can benefit the research community in developing new techniques and tools to facilitate and improve code reuse from StackOverflow.
Synthesis of Mesoporous BN and BCN Exhibiting Large Surface Areas via Templating Methods (2005)

Mesoporous BN and BCxN have been prepared using mesoporous carbon as a template and characterized by HRTEM, EELS, HRSEM, and N2 adsorption. These materials possess high surface area and well-ordered pore systems and could now be applied in the fabrication of oxidation-resistant composites, gas storage devices, and molecular adsorbents.
Novel induction by herpes simplex virus of hybrid interferon gene transcripts driven by the strong cytomegalovirus IE94 promoter (1987)

We have constructed stable DNA-transfected LTK+ cell lines containing two different coselected hybrid interferon (IFN) genes driven by the usually strong and constitutive promoter from the immediate-early 94K protein (IE94) gene of simian cytomegalovirus. Surprisingly, and unlike hybrid IE94-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene constructs, both of the IE94-IFN genes (one with and one without the complex spliced intron region) produced relatively low basal titers of biologically active human IFN in the mouse cell lines. However, IFN expression could be stimulated up to 120-fold by superinfection with herpes simplex virus (HSV), although not with cytomegalovirus. To examine the mechanism of this unexpected HSV induction process, we measured the levels of both IE94-IFN mRNA and IFN protein produced under various infection protocols. Compared with similar previously characterized cell lines containing hybrid IFN genes under the control of HSV IE or delayed-early (DE) promoters, activation of IFN expression first occurred at an intermediate time. Both IE94-IFN cell lines also produced an unusual pattern of response to infection with the HSV IE regulation-deficient mutants tsK and tsB7: stimulation of IFN synthesis occurred in the absence of a functional HSV IE175 (or ICP4) gene product, but did not occur in the absence of uncoating of virus capsids. Cycloheximide treatment (without virus infection) also gave a rapid 30-fold increase in steady-state levels of correctly initiated mRNA from both types of IE94-IFN hybrid genes, but had no effect on cells containing the IE175-IFN construct. Therefore, we conclude that the use of the IE94-IFN constructs identifies a novel HSV regulatory response that requires a previously unrecognized function of HSV and does not involve either IE175 or the pre-IE "virion factor" trans-activators that are known to stimulate transcription of HSV IE and DE genes, respectively.
Oscillatory Control of Separation at High Reynolds Numbers (1999)

An experiment conducted in a pressurized, cryogenic wind tunnel demonstrates that unsteady flow control using oscillatory blowing (with essentially zero mass flux) can effectively delay flow separation and reattach separated flow on an airfoil at chord Reynolds numbers as high as 38 × 10 6 . Oscillatory blowing at frequencies that generate one to three vortices over the controlled region at all times are effective over the entire Reynolds number range, in accordance with previous low-Reynolds-number tests. Stall is delayed and poststall characteristics are improved when oscillatory blowing is applied from the leading-edge region of the airfoil, whereas flap effectiveness is increased when control is applied at the flap shoulder. Similar gains in airfoil performance require steady blowing with a momentum coefficient that is two orders of magnitude greater. A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation was undertaken to characterize the oscillatory blowing disturbance, in the absence of external flow, and to estimate the oscillatory blowing momentum coefficient used in the cryogenic wind tunnel experiment. Possible approaches toward closed-loop active separation control are also presented
Stock price prediction using linear regression based on sentiment analysis (2015)

Stock price prediction is a difficult task, since it very depending on the demand of the stock, and there is no certain variable that can precisely predict the demand of one stock each day. However, Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) said that stock price also depends on new information significantly. One of many information sources is people's opinion in social media. People's opinion about products from certain companies may determine the company's reputation and thus affecting people's decision to buy the stock of the company. When using opinion as primary data, it is necessary to make a suitable analysis of it. A famous example using opinion as data is sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is a process to determine emotion/feeling within people opinion about something, in this case products of some companies. There are some researches about sentiment analysis used to predict the stock prices. Bollen on his research concludes that people opinion on social media such as Twitter can predict DJIA value with 87.6% accuracy. This shows that there is a relation between sentiment analysis and stock prices. Our purpose on this research is to predict the Indonesian stock market using simple sentiment analysis. Naive Bayes and Random Forest algorithm are used to classify tweet to calculate sentiment regarding a company. The results of sentiment analysis are used to predict the company stock price. We use linear regression method to build the prediction model. Our experiment shows that prediction models using previous stock price and hybrid feature as predictor gives the best prediction with 0.9989 and 0.9983 coefficient of determination.
High purity Alpha Alumina nanoparticle: Synthesis and characterization (2013)

High purity crystalline alpha alumina (-Al2O3), platelet powder, synthesized by the combustion synthesis, aluminum nitrate was used as the source of aluminum and urea as oxidizer in an aqueous medium. X-Ray diffractometer applied to study crystalline phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDAX) was used for morphological and chemical characterization of nanoparticel. Further study on crystalline structure of -Al2O3was done by applying Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Size distribution of powder investigated using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). Thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TG/DTA)evaluated thermal behavior of -Al2O3. Index Terms: -Al2O3, combustion synthesis, High purity, Nanostructure, platelet structure, SEM, TEM. ——————————  ——————————
Single T Cell Receptor-Mediated Recognition of an Identical HIV-Derived Peptide Presented by Multiple HLA Class I Molecules (2002)

A dual specific human CTL clone harboring one beta and two inframe alpha transcripts of TCR was previously reported to recognize an HIV Pol-derived nonapeptide (IPLTEEAEL) endogenously presented by both syngeneic HLA-B*3501 and HLA-B*5101. In the current study, a retrovirus-mediated TCR transfer of individual alpha- and beta-chains to TCR-negative hybridoma showed that Valpha12.1 TCR in complex with Vbeta5.6 were responsible for the peptide-specific response in the context of both HLA-B*3501 and HLA-B*5101, confirming single TCR-mediated dual specificity. The second TCR-alpha chain was not somehow expressed on the cell surface. Remarkably, the Valpha12.1/Vbeta5.6 TCR also recognized the same peptide presented by allogeneic HLA class I molecules that share the similar peptide-binding motifs, such as HLA-B*5301 and HLA-B*0702. The sensitivity of peptide recognition by the Valpha12/Vbeta5.6 TCR appeared to be comparable when the peptide was presented by syngeneic and allogeneic HLA class I molecules, with changes in T cell responsiveness caused largely by peptide-binding capacity. Moreover, the CTL clone bearing Valpha12.1/Vbeta5.6 TCR showed substantial cytolytic activity against the peptide-loaded cells expressing HLA-B*3501, HLA-B*5101, HLA-B*5301, or HLA-B*0702, providing further evidence that a single TCR complex can recognize the same peptide presented by a broad range of HLA class I molecules. A TCR with fine specificity for an HIV Ag but broad specificity to multiple HLA molecules may provide an advantage to the generation of allorestricted, peptide-specific T cells, and thus could be a potent candidate for immunotherapy against HIV infection.
Thalamocortical Assemblies (2023)

Abstract Thalamocortical Assemblies: Sleep Spindles, Slow Waves, & Epileptic Discharges explores the underlying neural mechanisms involved in generating low-frequency oscillations through interacting neural assemblies in the thalamus and the cortex. During sleep, the mammalian brain generates an orderly progression of low-frequency oscillations as the brain moves from sleep onset into deep sleep. Moreover, oscillations are involved in the consolidation of experiences in long-term memory during sleep. Thalamocortical Assemblies overviews the properties of ion channels, synaptic interactions, and intrinsic cellular mechanisms into biophysical models of neural oscillations in local circuits and distributed networks. It also tackles the key mechanisms of sleep spindles and how they are hijacked by epileptic seizures.
Passive quadrature detection using speckle rotation on a multisegment photodetector (1987)

In coherent optical transmission systems and sensors, passive quadrature detection1 is frequently used as it facilitates unambiguous measurement of amplitude and phase and avoids the need for an optical phase-locked loop. This requires the use of some kind of multiport network with the appropriate phase shifts. A network to produce three outputs 120° apart is easily implemented in a three-fiber fused coupler.2 However, this arrangement is not the optimum tor sensitivity or rejection of local oscillator intensity noise. Implementation of a multiport network to produce true quadrature (90°) and balanced outputs has proved more difficult, requiring precise control of differential phase delays.1 Various techniques have recently been proposed3,4 which achieve this by birefringence or mode coupling in a multiport coupler, and in all these the phase relationship of the outputs is determined by coupling in the fiber system.
Recent advances in micro-/nano-structured hollow spheres for energy applications: From simple to complex systems (2011)

Hollow micro-/nano-structured materials are now playing an important role in cutting edge innovations for energy conversion and storage technologies such as solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries and super capacitors. These materials show great promise in addressing growing environmental concerns for cleaner power sources at a time of increasing global demand for energy. In this perspective, we show that complex multi-shelled micro-/nano-materials show significant material advantages in many applications over conventional simple hollow structures. We also summarize the vast array of synthetic strategies used to create multi-shelled hollow structures, and discuss the possible application of these novel materials for power generation and storage. Finally, the emergent challenges and future developments of multi-shelled hollow structures are further discussed.
Collagen deposition during wound repair. (1985)

Collagen fiber diameters, amount of birefringent collagen (brightness) and birefringence retardation were measured in implanted collagen-based sponges containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and fibronectin (FN). In the presence of HA and FN, increased number of fibroblasts and brightness were observed 6 days after wounding. Increased brightness in the presence of HA and FN reflected increased deposition of oriented collagen fibers. From days 9 to 12, increased fiber diameters were similar in implanted collagen-based sponges with or without HA and FN. Increased birefringence retardation in sponges containing HA and FN was consistent with increased packing density of collagen fibers observed by scanning electron microscopy. Our results suggest that HA and FN are effective in promoting fibroblast movement into a collagen sponge and deposition of collagen fibers during the early phases of wound healing. Use of a collagen-based sponge containing HA and FN may enhance collagen deposition in situations where healing is compromised as in the case of dermal ulcers.
The Charge Structure of Helix 1 in the Prion Protein Regulates Conversion to Pathogenic PrP<sup>Sc</sup> (2006)

The prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders linked to a pathogenic conformer (PrP(Sc)) of the normal prion protein (PrP(C)). Accumulation of PrP(Sc) occurs via a poorly defined process in which PrP(Sc) complexes with and converts endogenous PrP(C) to nascent PrP(Sc). Recent experiments have focused on the highly charged first alpha helix (H1) of PrP. It has been proposed that two putative asparagine-to-arginine intrahelical salt bridges stabilize H1 in PrP(C) yet form intermolecular ionic bonds with adjacent PrP molecules during conversion of PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) (M. P. Morrissey and E. I. Shakhnovich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11293-11298, 1999). Subsequent work (J. O. Speare et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278:12522-12529, 2003 using a cell-free assay of PrP(Sc) conversion suggested that rather than promoting conversion, the salt bridges stabilize PrP(C) against it. However, the role of individual H1 charges in PrP(Sc) generation has not yet been investigated. To approach this question, we systematically reversed or neutralized each charged residue in H1 and tested the effect on conversion to PrP(Sc) in scrapie-infected murine neuroblastoma (ScN2a) cells. We find that replacements of charged H1 residues with like charges permit conversion, while charge reversals hinder it. Neutralization of charges in the N-terminal (amino acids 143 to 146) but not the C-terminal (amino acids 147 to 151) half of H1 permits conversion, while complete reversal of charge orientation of the putative salt bridges produces a nonconvertible PrP. Circular dichroism spectroscopy studies and confocal microscopy immunofluorescence localization studies indicated that charge substitutions did not alter the secondary structure or cell surface expression of PrP(C). These data support the necessity of specific charge orientations in H1 for a productive PrP(Sc)-PrP(C) complex.
CFD Model for a 3-D Inhaling Mannequin: Verification and Validation (2005)

This work investigates the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model air flow and particle transport associated with an inhaling anatomical mannequin. The studied condition is typically representative of occupational velocities (Re = 1920) and at-rest breathing (R = U(o)/U(m) = 0.11). Methods to verify and validate CFD simulations are detailed to demonstrate convergence and describe the model's uncertainties. The standard k-epsilon model provided a reasonable flow field, although vertical velocity components were consistently smaller than the experimental validation data, owing to truncation of the computational model at hip height. Laminar particle trajectory studies indicated that the modeled velocity field resulted in a shift of particle aspiration fractions toward particles smaller than those determined experimentally, consistent with the vertical velocity field differences.
Randomized trial of drainage of colorectal anastomosis (1993)

Abstract A prospective randomized trial was carried out to determine whether use of a high-pressure closed-suction intraperitoneal drain was associated with a reduction in morbidity rate after colorectal resection and to examine the influence of drainage on postoperative fluid collections. A consecutive series of 148 patients who underwent colonic or colorectal resection were randomized to receive no drain (n = 51) or a high-pressure closed-suction drain for either 3 (n = 47) or 7 (n = 47) days. Three patients were excluded. All patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography on days 3 and 7 and those undergoing left-sided colorectal resection (n = 96) received a water-soluble contrast enema on day 7. The three groups of patients were similar in age, sex, diagnosis and the numbers of sutured and stapled anastomoses. The presence of a drain did not influence the postoperative morbidity or mortality rate. If the anastomosis leaked, neither faeces nor pus emerged from the drain. Ultrasonographic detection of a fluid collection was of no value: such collections bore no relationship to radiological or clinical leaks or the postoperative course. Routine use of a high-pressure suction drain after colorectal resection appears to be unnecessary.
End-to-End Pedestrian Collision Warning System based on a Convolutional Neural Network with Semantic Segmentation (2016)

Traditional pedestrian collision warning systems sometimes raise alarms even when there is no danger (e.g., when all pedestrians are walking on the sidewalk). These false alarms can make it difficult for drivers to concentrate on their driving. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for an end-to-end pedestrian collision warning system based on a convolutional neural network. Semantic segmentation information is used to train the convolutional neural network and two loss functions, such as cross entropy and Euclidean losses, are minimized. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in reducing false alarms and increasing warning accuracy compared to a traditional histogram of oriented gradients (HoG)-based system.