gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Chiral Copper Complexes of Amino Alcohol for Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reaction (2010)

Chiral amino alcohols supported on mesoporous silicas were synthesized and evaluated as a new class of chiral ligands in copper-catalyzed nitroaldol reaction under heterogeneous and mild reaction conditions. The activity and enantioselectivity of the present catalytic system is immensely influenced by the presence of achiral and chiral bases as an additive. The heterogenized chiral copper(II) complex of amino alcohol was found to be an effective recyclable catalyst for the nitroaldol reaction of different aldehydes such as aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic, and α-β unsaturated aldehydes to produce nitroaldol products with remarkably high enantioselectivity (≥99%) and yields.
Passive Seismic Monitoring of a Heavy Oil Field (2009)

A pilot project was designed to monitor induced seismic activity in a relatively shallow heavy oil reservoir located in a low permeability, high porosity, silicious shale. Several hundred microseismic events have been located over the past two years using data recorded at two borehole seismic arrays. Microseismic activity occurs predominantly in two separate depth zones: one within the reservoir and one in the shallow overburden. Larger events are located at the top of the reservoir close to the injection well; shallow clusters of smaller events could identify fluid migration pathways in the overburden.
Nuclear plant fault diagnosis using probabilistic reasoning (2003)

This paper presents a new approach to nuclear plant fault diagnosis using probabilistic reasoning techniques, specifically, a Bayesian network. The scheme is well suited to the task since the symptoms of certain faults are ambiguous. This approach provides a way to capture the knowledge and reach rational decisions in uncertain domains by casting the decision-making process as computation with a discrete probability distribution represented by a causal network. This scheme, unlike some other learning schemes, supports a mathematical explanation of the results, which is necessary in many critical applications. A brief review of probabilistic reasoning via Bayesian networks is provided. Learning the probability values from expert beliefs and statistical data is discussed. The system design process and architecture are explained, and some performance measurements are presented. This module will be deployed as part of the Situation-Related Operator Guidance system (intelligent hypertext manual).
Supplement for Real-Time Soft Shadows in Dynamic Scenes using Spherical Harmonic Exponentiation (2006)

Previous methods for soft shadows numerically integrate over many light directions at each receiver point, testing blocker visibility in each direction. We introduce a method for real-time soft shadows in dynamic scenes illuminated by large, low-frequency light sources where such integration is impractical. Our method operates on vectors representing low-frequency visibility of blockers in the spherical harmonic basis. Blocking geometry is modeled as a set of spheres; relatively few spheres capture the low-frequency blocking effect of complicated geometry. At each receiver point, we compute the product of visibility vectors for these blocker spheres as seen from the point. Instead of computing an expensive SH product per blocker as in previous work, we perform inexpensive vector sums to accumulate the log of blocker visibility. SH exponentiation then yields the product visibility vector over all blockers. We show how the SH exponentiation required can be approximated accurately and efficiently for low-order SH, accelerating previous CPUbased methods by a factor of 10 or more, depending on blocker complexity, and allowing real-time GPU implementation.
Holographic characterization of therapeutic array transducers with assessment of measurement limitations and robustness (2018)

Acoustic holography measurements and corresponding numerical projection methods have recently gained acceptance for characterizing the fields generated by high intensity therapeutic ultrasound (HITU) applications. To facilitate the standardization of such measurement-based simulation methods, it is important to understand how practical measurement challenges and limitations impact the results. Toward this end, holography measurements were acquired and analyzed for characterization of two therapeutic array transducers, each with 256 elements. For different focusing configurations, measurements comprised 2D holography scans as well as 1D scans used to independently quantify the focal lobe. The fields projected from holograms were compared to independent 1D scans to evaluate the impacts of hydrophone directivity, non-orthogonality of the axes of the positioner used to move the hydrophone, and overall mechanical stability of measurements. Results demonstrate that directivity effects exceeded those expected based on hydrophone size and altered focal pressures on the order of 10%. Non-orthogonality of the positioner shifted apparent focal locations by measurable distances, which could be confused with small shifts in device fixturing. However, holographic reconstruction of the ultrasound field structure near the focal lobe was robust with respect to directivity and non-orthogonality, which enables compensation by relative calibration of source output levels. [Funding support by NIH R01-EB025187, R01-EB007643, and P01-DK043881.]
Tritium recovery from tritiated water with a two-stage palladium membrane reactor (1997)

A process to recover tritium from tritiated water has been successfully demonstrated at TSTA. The 2-stage palladium membrane reactor (PMR) is capable of recovering tritium from water without generating additional waste. This device can be used to recover tritium from the substantial amount of tritiated water that is expected to be generated in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor both from torus exhaust and auxiliary operations. A large quantity of tritiated waste water exists world wide because the predominant method of cleaning up tritiated streams is to oxidize tritium to tritiated water. The latter can be collected with high efficiency for subsequent disposal. The PMR is a combined catalytic reactor/permeator. Cold (non-tritium) water processing experiments were run in preparation for the tritiated water processing tests. Tritium was recovered from a container of molecular sieve loaded with 2,050 g (2,550 std. L) of water and 4.5 g of tritium. During this experiment, 27% (694 std. L) of the water was processed resulting in recovery of 1.2 g of tritium. The maximum water processing rate for the PMR system used was determined to be 0.5 slpm. This correlates well with the maximum processing rate determined from the smaller PMR system on the cold test bench and has resulted in valuable scale-up and design information.
Bilayer Nanomesh Structures for Transparent Recording and Stimulating Microelectrodes (2017)

Abstract Nanomeshed forms of metal have emerged as a promising biocompatible electrode material for future soft bioelectronics. However, metal/electrolyte interfaces are intrinsically capacitive, severely limiting their electrochemical performance, especially for scaled electrodes, which are essential for high‐resolution brain mapping. Here, an innovative bilayer nanomesh approach is demonstrated to address this limitation while preserving the nanomesh advantage. Electroplating low‐impedance coatings on a gold nanomesh template achieves an impedance < 30 kΩ at 1 kHz and a charge injection limit of 1 mC cm − 2 for 80 × 80 µm 2 microelectrodes, a 4.3× and 12.8× improvement over uncoated electrodes, respectively, while maintaining a transparency of ≈70% at 550 nm. Systematic characterization of transmittance, impedance, charge injection limits, cyclic charge injection, and light‐induced artifacts reveal an encouraging performance of the bilayer nanomesh microelectrodes. The bilayer nanomesh approach presented here is expected to enable next‐generation large‐scale transparent bioelectronics with broad utility in biology.
Biological alterations in renal and hepatic tissues by a novel gold (III) anti-cancerous compound. (2018)

[trans-(±)-1,2-(DACH)<sub>2</sub>Au]Cl<sub>3</sub> Bis(trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane) produced no histological damage in renal and hepatic tissues of rats. This very limited sample animal-based study points to the relative safety of this new gold compound. However, there is a need to compare this compound with established drugs in a comparative non-animal based study.
Phosphor materials and combinations for illumination-grade white pcLEDs (2004)

Blue III-nitride based power LEDs have opened the way for Light Emitting Diodes to penetrate the illumination market. Most wanted seem to be warm white, high color rendering devices. Phosphor-converted LEDs, which meet these requirements, have been recently announced and sampled; they will be put into the context of possible other solutions and for the first time discussed in some detail.
A hybrid extended least squares method (HybELS) for vestibulo- ocular reflex identification (2009)

The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) plays an essential role in the majority of daily activities by keeping the images of the world steady on the retina when either the environment or the body is moving. The modeling and identification of this system plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and lesions, and their associated syndromes. Today, clinical protocols incorporate mathematical techniques for testing the functionality of patients' VORs through the analysis of the patients' responses to various stimuli. We have developed a new tool for simultaneous identification of the two modes of the horizontal VOR, using a novel algorithm. This algorithm, HybELS (Hybrid Extended Least Squares), is a regression-based identification method tailored for hybrid ARMAX (AutoRegressive Moving Average with eXogenous inputs) models, which can also be used for the identification of other neural systems. In the context of the VOR, MELS (Modified Extended Least Squares) has been proposed previously for the identification of vestibular nystagmus dynamics, one mode at a time. It also involved searching for segment initial conditions to avoid biased results. Our hybrid approach identifies the two modes simultaneously, and does not require estimation of initial conditions, since it takes advantage of state continuity in the transitions between fast and slow phases. The results on experimental VOR in the dark show that HybELS outperforms MELS in several aspects: It proves to be more robust than MELS with respect to the system order used for identification, while resulting in more accurate estimates in almost all contexts as well. Furthermore, due to the hybrid nature of the method, its calculations are algebraically more compact, and HybELS turns out to be much less computationally expensive than MELS.
High-density Multicore Fiber with Heterogeneous Core Arrangement (2015)

A 30-core fiber with heterogeneous cores that achieved large spatial multiplicity and low crosstalk of less than −40 dB at 100 km was demonstrated. The correlation lengths were estimated to be more than 1 m.
A Convenient Synthesis of Trisubstituted Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐ones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Protease-resistant single-domain antibodies inhibit Campylobacter jejuni motility (2014)

Camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (VHHs) are emerging as potential antimicrobial reagents. We have engineered a previously isolated VHH (FlagV1M), which binds Campylobacter jejuni flagella, for greater thermal and proteolytic stability. Mutants of FlagV1M were obtained from an error-prone polymerase chain reaction library that was panned in the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) proteases. Additional FlagV1M mutants were obtained through disulfide-bond engineering. Each approach produced VHHs with enhanced thermal stability and protease resistance. When the beneficial mutations from both approaches were combined, a hyperstabilized VHH was created with superior stability. The hyperstabilized VHH bound C. jejuni flagella with wild-type affinity and was capable of potently inhibiting C. jejuni motility in assays performed after sequential digestion with three major GI proteases, demonstrating the remarkable stability imparted to the VHH by combining our engineering approaches.
Swine Bone Marrow Derived Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells. (2004)

Abstract We have previously reported that multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) can be isolated from the bone marrow of rodents and humans. Here we describe isolation of similar cells, fetal swine MAPCs (fsMAPCs) from fetal swine bone marrow (BM). BM was obtained from 5 fetal swine donors. BM mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) were plated into fibronectin-coated T150 flasks at 2x104 cells/cm2 in 58% LG-DMEM and 40% MCDB-201, supplemented with ITS, LA-BSA, 10−8 M dexamethasone, 10−4 M ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10ng/ml EGF and 10ng/ml PDGF-BB. Small clusters of cells appeared by day 5, were detached with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA on day 7 and sub-cloned at 1 cell/well in 96 well plates. Once populations of small cells appeared (40% of wells), they were culture expanded by plating at 500 cells/cm2. Cells were replated at 500cells/cm2 once they divided 2–3 times. Population doubling (PD) time was 24h for the initial 30–40 PDs, and 48 h at higher PDs. 3/5 fetal swine populations have been maintained for more than 100 PDs without cytogenetic abnormalities. For two of the populations, telomere length was evaluated on day-0, 40PDs and 80PDS, and no telomere shortening was seen. The phenotype of cultured cells before 30 PDs is CD45 and MHC class I negative, CD44 and MHC class II positive, while the phenotype after 60 PDs was CD44, CD45, MHC class I and II negative. FsMAPCs, cultured on Matrigel with fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), differentiated into epitheloid cells that expressed cytokeratin 18 (CK18), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF-1), albumin protein on day 14–28. Cells differentiated for 21 days secreted 10pg/cell/hour urea (Urea Production Test), as is seen for primary hepatocytes. More functional tests for hepatocytes are ongoing, including LDL uptake, glycogen storage, cytochrome-p450 activity. When treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fsMAPCs differentiated into endothelium-like cells that expressed CD31, CD34, VEGF-Receptor, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cadherin) and von willebrand factor (VWF) protein and mRNA at day 14–28, formed vascular tube on extracellular matrix and took up LDL. Neuroectoderm differentiation studies are ongoing. Finally, we have preliminary evidence that fsMAPCs may differentiate into cells with cardiomyocyte markers. FsMAPCs, plated at 1,500 cells/cm2, were cultured with dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and 0.75% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 1 day, followed by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), FGF-8, FGF-4, Dkk-1 for 21 days. Cells acquired muscle morphology after d6. By day 21, cells expressed cardiac Troponin T, cardiac myosin heavy chain (cMHC), phospholamban protein, and Nkx2.5, Cardiac Troponin T, cMHC, GATA-4, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA. Although suggestive that the cells may differentiate into cardiomyocytes, they did not beat regularly. Electrophysiology studies are ongoing to determine whether the cells have functional characteristics of cardiomyocytes.
Monitoring system of wind turbine rotor blades (2009)

Conventionally, modal monitoring of Wind Turbine Rotor Blades is primarily based on the evaluation of eigenfrequencies. Beyond this, combining a sensor network with the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) method, mode shape and parallely a local component are utilized here. In addition it is expected that the damping, which is also determined by the OMA method, will give a lead on damage development at the rotor already at an early stage. Modal monitoring by means of measurement is combined with FEM simulation and with the comparison of results obtained from measurement and simulation. Moreover, this will establish a connection between the engineer and the design data of a rotor blade, which also are based on FEM analyzes. A further significant increase regarding error resolution is possible by combining the global modal methods with locally sensitive monitoring methods, based on guided elastic waves. These assume plate-like structures through which elastic waves propagate in the low-frequency ultrasonic range (10 - 100 kHz) in certain modes. These different wave modes interact distinctively with inner structural damages such as web fractures and delaminations. It is differentiated between piezoelectrically excited waves (acousto ultrasonics), and waves produced by energy released at fractures, delamination etc. (acoustic emission). Applying a moderate number of sensors, the combination of both methods can allow an effective monitoring of the global structure.
Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>/polyurethane composites for antibacterial and self-cleaning coatings (2012)

Grafting from polymerization was used to synthesize nano-titania/polyurethane (nTiO(2)/polyurethane) composite coatings, where nTiO(2) was chemically attached to the backbone of the polyurethane polymer matrix with a bifunctional monomer, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (DMPA). This bifunctional monomer can coordinate to nTiO(2) through an available -COOH group, with two available hydroxyl groups that can react with diisocyanate terminated pre-polyurethane through step-growth polymerization. The coordination reaction was monitored by FTIR and TGA, with the coordination reaction found to follow first order kinetics. After step-growth polymerization, the polyurethane nanocomposites were found to be stable on standing with excellent distribution of Ti in the polymer matrix without any significant agglomeration compared to simple physical mixtures of nTiO(2) in the polyurethane coatings. The functionalized nTiO(2)-polyurethane composite coatings showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli; 99% of E. coli were killed within less than one hour under solar irradiation. Self-cleaning was also demonstrated using stearic acid as a model for 'dirt'.
All-polymeric infrared reflecting films (1992)

Coextruded multilayer films consisting of 657 layers of three different polymers have been made which reflect near infrared wavelengths while transmitting visible light. A repeating multilayer stack of the three polymers in layer sequence A/B/C/B with optical thickness ratios of 2/1/2/1 suppress second through fourth order reflectance when refractive indices of the polymers are chosen so that n<sub>B</sub> = (n<sub>A</sub>n<sub>C</sub>)1<sup>1/2</sup>. Broadband reflectance of solar infrared can be obtained by imposing a layer thickness gradient through the crossection of the film. Compared to conventional vacuum deposited multilayer interference stacks, all-polymeric films can be tough and thermoformable. They do not corrode and there is no metal waste. Potential applications include solar energy management. Multilayer film design, polymer specification and coextrusion of initial films to demonstrate feasibility are described.
115 Carbohydrate‐based Wound Dressings with Elastase‐lowering Activity (2004)

The use of carbohydrate‐based wound dressings including cotton, xerogels, charcoal cloth, alginates, and hydrogels, for chronic wounds have afforded properties such as absorbency, ease of application and removal, bacterial protection, fluid balance, occlusion, and elasticity. An additional consideration is the use of the dressing to regulate proteolysis in the non‐healing wound. Elastase is a serine protease that has been associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases, and recently has been implicated as a destructive protease that impedes wound healing. The presence of elevated levels of elastase in non‐healing wounds has been associated with the degradation of important growth factors and fibronectin necessary for wound healing. Here we consider the design, preparation, and assessment of carbohydrate‐based wound dressings that either release protease inhibitors or act as sequestering agents to bind proteases such as elastase and thus reduce their high levels in the chronic wound. Carbohydrates ranging from small monosaccahrides up to large polysaccharides are crosslinked onto cotton wound dressings. The resulting carbohydrate conjugates of cotton cellulose possess unique properties advantageous for chronic wound treatment ranging from gelation and elasticity to elastase‐sequestering properties Type in text here making sure it is in a single column format.
A long-wavelength 10-V optical-to-electrical InGaAs photogenerator (1999)

We report a high-voltage integrated optical-to-electrical power converter, or photogenerator, operating in the long-wavelength (1480-1650 nm) regime for use in fiber-optic networks. These devices deliver power at voltages in excess of 10 V, which is sufficient to operate switches, micromechanical devices, electronic controllers, optoelectronic circuits and other electrical devices. The high-voltage photogenerator enables provisioning and protection at unpowered nodes in fiber-optic networks, using only the long wavelength light present in the optical fiber as the power source. We also demonstrated its use with a MEMS optical shutter to construct a novel optical power limiter.
Using smartcards to secure a personalized gambling device (1999)

We introduce a technique for using an untrusted device, such as a hand-held personal digital assistant or a laptop to perform real financial transactions without a network. We utilize the tamper-resistant nature of smartcards to store value on them and perform probabilistic computations based on user input. We discuss an application of this to gambling. The technique has the properties that the user is guaranteed to make money when he wins and the house is guaranteed to make money when the user loses.
Noninvasive Measurement of Glucose by Metabolic Heat Conformation Method (2004)

These data provide preliminary evidence that the MHC method can be used to estimate blood glucose concentrations noninvasively.
A novel thermal-bubble-based micromachined accelerometer (2005)

A novel micromachined accelerometer based on thermal-bubble technology is proposed and demonstrated. The only moving element in the accelerometer is a small thermal-bubble created by using a high flux heater to vaporize the liquid contained in the micro-chamber. The basic physical characteristics, including the heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of this sensor, are analyzed and discussed. The feasibility and performance of the proposed accelerometer are verified using numerical simulations and demonstrated experimentally using a designed test setup. The results conclude that the presented design has better response and higher sensitivity comparing to its counterparts.
Adjustment of the Retinal Angle in SD-OCT of Glaucomatous Eyes Provides Better Intervisit Reproducibility of Peripapillary RNFL Thickness (2013)

Angle correction leads to more consistent peripapillary RNFL thicknesses. This may lead to improved management of patients with glaucoma.
Propagation Characteristics of Substrate for Lamb-Wave-Type Elastic Wave Devices (2009)

In this study, we examine the temperature characteristics of a Lamb wave propagated on a thin quartz crystal substrate. We have found three new cuts where the frequency barely changes with temperature. The steady frequency–temperature characteristics show a cubic curve. The analytical and experimental results for the temperature characteristics of a Lamb wave propagated on new cuts are compared and discussed in this study. The agreement between the analytical and experimental results shows that the analytical results of this study are reliable.
Nerve growth factor promotes corneal healing: structural, biochemical, and molecular analyses of rat and human corneas. (2000)

Taken together, the above findings show that NGF plays an important role in corneal physiopathology and suggest that this neurotrophin may exert therapeutic action in wide-spectrum corneal diseases.