gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-layered resonators for optimized electric field detection (2014)

In this study, we carry out an analytical investigation to determine the efficacy of multi-layer dielectric micro-sphere resonators as high-resolution electric field sensors. The use of a large number of layers with different electrical and mechanical properties allows for optimum dielectric constant and elastic modulus gradients within the sphere to optimize sphere resonator’s sensitivity to external electric field. The external electric field applied to a dielectric sphere induces an elastic deformation of the resonator (electrostriction effect), leading to shifts in its whispering gallery optical modes (WGM). The non-uniform distribution of the dielectric constant leads to a gradient in the electric field within the sphere. This in turn induces non-uniform body force on the sphere when subjected to an external electric field. By also appropriately varying the elastic modulus of the layers, the electrostictive deformation of the sphere can be optimized. In this paper we present a mathematical model describing the effect of the electric field on the WGM shift of layered micro-spherical resonators.
Construction and properties of an intracellular serine protease mutant of Bacillus subtilis (1987)

An intracellular serine protease (ISP-1) mutant of Bacillus subtilis was created by introducing a frameshift into the coding region of the cloned gene. Intracellular protease activity in the mutant was very low, yet sporulation in both nutrient broth and minimal medium was normal. The rate of bulk protein turnover in the mutant was slightly slower than that in the wild-type strain. These results suggest that the gene for ISP-1 is not essential and that ISP-1 is not the major enzyme involved in protein turnover during sporulation.
Programmable microwave function array, PROMFA (2006)

This paper describes the performance of a new circuit concept, programmable microwave function array (PROMFA). The concept is based on an array of generic cells, in which a number of different functions can be realized. Each PROMFA cell is a four-port circuit, and several cells can easily be connected together in larger arrays. Simulated and measured results are presented.
False-positive and false-negative rates in meconium drug testing (1995)

To determine the number of false-negative results produced by inefficient extraction of drugs from meconium, three published procedures were compared by using previously confirmed positive and negative meconium specimens. The methods were not equivalent in their ability to extract drugs from the matrix. To determine the number of false positives reported by the use of screen-only (unconfirmed) results, 535 screen-positive meconium specimens were subjects to confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-seven percent of the samples were confirmed positive for one or more of the drugs under investigation, showing that a false-positive rate as high as 43% may exist when unconfirmed screening results are used.
Automated beam model optimization (2010)

In this work, ABMOS was developed to use 2D diode array measurements of an IMRT beam pattern for the automated multivariable optimization of a TPS beam model. Based on the observed improvements in patient-specific QC results for 25 paraspinal and 25 prostate plans, optimization of the remaining clinical beam models using ABMOS is now ongoing in the institution.
Dynamic Key-Updating: Privacy-Preserving Authentication for RFID Systems (2007)

The objective of private authentication for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems is to allow valid readers to explicitly authenticate their dominated tags without leaking tags' private information. To achieve this goal, RFID tags issue encrypted authentication messages to the RFID reader, and the reader searches the key space to locate the tags. Due to the lack of efficient key updating algorithms, previous schemes are vulnerable to many active attacks, especially the compromising attack. In this paper, we propose a strong and lightweight RFID private authentication protocol, SPA. By designing a novel key updating method, we achieve the forward secrecy in SPA with an efficient key search algorithm. We also show that, compared with existing designs, SPA is able to effectively defend against both passive and active attacks, including compromising attacks. Through prototype implementation, we observe that SPA is practical and scalable in current RFID infrastructures
Arrays of microplasma devices fabricated in photodefinable glass and excited AC or DC by interdigitated electrodes (2005)

Arrays of microplasma devices, fabricated in a photodefinable glass and driven ac or dc by interdigitated electrodes outside the microcavities, have been fabricated and characterized. Operating in the abnormal glow mode for Ne pressures between 200 and 700 Torr and having characteristic cross-sectional dimensions of 75-100 μm, the devices are well behaved and arrays as large as 25×25 pixels have been tested to date. Focused on ease of assembly and minimizing cost, the design of these arrays makes them attractive for structures having emitting areas of hundreds of square centimeters.
On the Applicability of Compressive Sampling in Fine Grained Processor Performance Monitoring (2009)

Real-time performance analysis of processor behaviour requires the efficient gathering of micro-architectural information from processor cores. Such information can be expected to be highly structured allowing it to be compressed, but the computational burden of conventional compression techniques exclude their use in this environment. We consider the use of new mathematical techniques that allow a signal to be compressed and recovered from a relatively small number of samples. These techniques, collectively termed compressive sampling, are asymmetric in that compression is simple, but recovery is complex. This makes them appropriate for applications in which the simplicity of the sensor can be offset against complexity at the ultimate recipient of the sensed information. We evaluate the practicality of using such techniques in the transfer of signals representing one or more micro-architectural counters from a processor core. We show that compressive sampling is usable to recover such performance signals, evaluating the trade-off between efficiency, accuracy and practicability within its various variants.
Discovery of Amphipathic Dynorphin A Analogues to Inhibit the Neuroexcitatory Effects of Dynorphin A through Bradykinin Receptors in the Spinal Cord (2014)

We hypothesized that under chronic pain conditions, up-regulated dynorphin A (Dyn A) interacts with bradykinin receptors (BRs) in the spinal cord to promote hyperalgesia through an excitatory effect, which is opposite to the well-known inhibitory effect of opioid receptors. Considering the structural dissimilarity between Dyn A and endogenous BR ligands, bradykinin (BK) and kallidin (KD), this interaction could not be predicted, but it allowed us to discover a potential neuroexcitatory target. Well-known BR ligands, BK, [des-Arg(10), Leu(9)]-kallidin (DALKD), and HOE140 showed different binding profiles at rat brain BRs than that previously reported. These results suggest that neuronal BRs in the rat central nervous system (CNS) may be pharmacologically distinct from those previously defined in non-neuronal tissues. Systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study at the rat brain BRs was performed, and as a result, a new key structural feature of Dyn A for BR recognition was identified: amphipathicity. NMR studies of two lead ligands, Dyn A-(4-11) 7 and [des-Arg(7)]-Dyn A-(4-11) 14, which showed the same high binding affinity, confirmed that the Arg residue in position 7, which is known to be crucial for Dyn A's biological activity, is not necessary, and that a type I β-turn structure at the C-terminal part of both ligands plays an important role in retaining good binding affinities at the BRs. Our lead ligand 14 blocked Dyn A-(2-13) 10-induced hyperalgesic effects and motor impairment in in vivo assays using naïve rats. In a model of peripheral neuropathy, intrathecal (i.th.) administration of ligand 14 reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in nerve-injured rats. Thus, ligand 14 may inhibit abnormal pain states by blocking the neuroexcitatory effects of enhanced levels of Dyn A, which are likely to be mediated by BRs in the spinal cord.
VLSC: Video Live Streaming Using Cloud Services (2016)

Live streaming of video contents over the Internet generally requires conversion (i.e.,transcoding) of the video contents based on the characteristics of viewers' devices (e.g.,spatial resolution, network bandwidth, and supported codec). Due to the complexity of video transcoding process, live streaming service providers are becoming reliant on cloud services (e.g.,Amazon AWS1). With the scalable and reliable processing capability that clouds offer, live streaming service providers are able to transcode the live streams in a timely manner and fulfill viewers' Quality of Service (QoS) demands. For that purpose, cloud services must be utilized efficiently. In this paper, we present a cloud-based architecture that facilitates transcoding for live video streaming. Then, we propose a scheduling method for the architecture that is cost-efficient and satisfies viewers' QoS demands. We also propose a method -- utilized by the scheduler -- to predict the execution time of transcoding tasks before their executions. Experiment results demonstrate the feasibility of cloud-based transcoding for live video streams and the efficacy of the proposed scheduling method in satisfying viewers' QoS demands without imposing extra cost to the stream provider.
Automated thermographic defect recognition and measurement (1999)

Although pulsed thermography has been demonstrated as a means of detecting subsurface defects in a wide range of materials, quantification of defect size and depth has only been possible using high performance IR cameras, often operating at high frame rates. Quantitative methods have also required that the operator identify an umblemished, defect-free region to serve as a basis for comparison to the rest of the sample. The expense and complexity imposed by these requirements have limited implementation of quantitative methods to relatively high end aerospace applications. We have developed a method for acquiring and analyzing pulsed thermographic data that requires no a priori knowledge of the sample and does not require subjective decision making by the operator. Size and depth measurements have been demonstrated on metal and composite materials, with computation times on the order of 5 seconds for a sequence of 300 320×240 frames. The method can be applied to either digital or analog signals from any IR camera.
Disruption of the CCL5/RANTES-CCR5 Pathway Restores Immune Homeostasis and Reduces Plasma Viral Load in Critical COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now pandemic with nearly three million cases reported to date 1 . Although the majority of COVID-19 patients experience only mild or moderate symptoms, a subset will progress to severe disease with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation 2 . Emerging results indicate a dysregulated immune response characterized by runaway inflammation, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), as the major driver of pathology in severe COVID-19 3,4 . With no treatments currently approved for COVID-19, therapeutics to prevent or treat the excessive inflammation in severe disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed. Here, in 10 terminally-ill, critical COVID-19 patients we report profound elevation of plasma IL-6 and CCL5 (RANTES), decreased CD8+ T cell levels, and SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia. Following compassionate care treatment with the CCR5 blocking antibody leronlimab, we observed complete CCR5 receptor occupancy on macrophage and T cells, rapid reduction of plasma IL-6, restoration of the CD4/CD8 ratio, and a significant decrease in SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia. Consistent with reduction of plasma IL-6, single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed declines in transcriptomic myeloid cell clusters expressing IL-6 and interferon-related genes. These results demonstrate a novel approach to resolving unchecked inflammation, restoring immunologic deficiencies, and reducing SARS-CoV-2 plasma viral load via disruption of the CCL5-CCR5 axis, and support randomized clinical trials to assess clinical efficacy of leronlimab-mediated inhibition of CCR5 for COVID-19.
Bio-inspired incorporation of phenylalanine enhances ionic selectivity in layer-by-layer deposited polyelectrolyte films (2021)

The addition of a common amino acid, phenylalanine, to a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposited polyelectrolyte (PE) film on a nanoporous membrane can increase its ionic selectivity over a PE film without the added amino acid. The addition of phenylalanine is inspired by detailed knowledge of the structure of the channelrhodopsins family of protein ion channels, where phenylalanine plays an instrumental role in facilitating sodium ion transport. The normally deposited and crosslinked PE films increase the cationic selectivity of a support membrane in a controllable manner where higher selectivity is achieved with thicker PE coatings, which in turn also increases the ionic resistance of the membrane. The increased ionic selectivity is desired while the increased resistance is not. We show that through incorporation of phenylalanine during the LbL deposition process, in solutions of NaCl with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mM, the ionic selectivity can be increased independently of the membrane resistance. Specifically, the addition is shown to increase the cationic transference of the PE films from 81.4% to 86.4%, an increase on par with PE films that are nearly triple the thickness while exhibiting much lower resistance compared to the thicker coatings, where the phenylalanine incorporated PE films display an area specific resistance of 1.81 Ω cm2 in 100 mM NaCl while much thicker PE membranes show a higher resistance of 2.75 Ω cm2 in the same 100 mM NaCl solution.
Accelerometer body sensor network improves systolic time interval assessment with wearable ballistocardiography (2015)

Systolic time intervals (STI) are non-invasive measures of cardiac function. Due to the fact that STI can be measured noninvasively outside the clinic, STI are a promising method for long-term monitoring of patients with cardiovascular disease. In particular, the pre-ejection period (PEP) has been measured successfully from body vibrations of the beating heart, a technique called ballistocardiography (BCG), using a weighing scale. Similar measurements can be made with on-body accelerometers, however these wearable BCG signals are typically more challenging to interpret than whole-body BCG. In this paper, we conducted a small pilot study with four subjects to investigate whether a body sensor network of four accelerometers positioned on the wrist, arm, sternum, and head could improve beat-by-beat PEP prediction beyond that of each sensor alone. Linear models were fitted from the R-J and R-I intervals of the four BCG signals to PEP measured with impedance cardiography from 5-minute recordings after isometric lower-body exercise. Specifically, we found that (i) the RMS error of PEP estimation from the wearable BCG sensors can be reduced by using double integration, (ii) the standard deviation of PEP estimates from R-I intervals was smaller than from R-J intervals, and (iii) linear models combining both R-J and R-I measurements from all sensors resulted in the best average correlation (r(2) = 0.96 ± 0.01) and lowest average root mean square error (2.5 ± 0.8 ms) from 5×2-fold cross validation.
Analysis of shaking beam actuator for piezoelectric linear ultrasonic motor (2004)

In this paper, piezoelectric linear ultrasonic motors (PLUM) have been investigated on the elliptic trajectory of a contact point in shaking beam, which has been accomplished by two resonance vibration modes of the actuators. The actuators have generated the vibration modes, longitudinal and flexural, by two longitudinal mechanical vibrations with phase difference of pi/2. Modal and harmonic analysis of the shaking beam actuator were performed by the finite element method (FEM) to calculate a resonance frequency and a modal shape and to perform harmonic response. Experimental results proved that a contact point of the PLUM tends to move with an elliptic trajectory.
Process for upgrading a hydrocarbon fraction. [cracking, desulfurizing, and demetalating] (1974)

A process is claimed for cracking, desulfurizing, and demetalating a hydrocarbon fraction containing paraffins, olefins, olefin-equivalents, or acetylenes, as such or as substituents on ring compounds, and sulfurous and metallic components: comprising cracking, desulfurizing, and demetalating said hydrocarbon fraction by contacting said hydrocarbon fraction with a water-containing fluid at a temperature in the range of from about 600/sup 0/F to about 900/sup 0/F, under super-atmospheric pressure, in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen, and in the presence of an externally supplied sulfur-resistant catalyst selected from the group consisting of at least one basic metal carbonate, basic metal hydroxide, transition metal oxide, oxide-forming transition metal salt, and combinations thereof, wherein the metal in the basic metal carbonate and hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, wherein the transition metal in the oxide and salt is selected from the group consisting of a transition metal of Group IVB, VB, VIB, and VIIB of the Periodic Chart, and wherein sufficient water is present in the water-containing fluid and said pressure is sufficiently high so that the water in the water-containing fluid has a density of at least 0.10 gram per milliliter and serves as an effective solvent for the hydrocarbonmore » fraction; and lowering said temperature or pressure or both to thereby make the water in the water-containing fluid a less effective solvent for the hydrocarbon fraction and to thereby form separate phases, wherein essentially all the sulfur separated from the hydrocarbon fraction is in the form of elemental sulfur.« less
Positive Microcontact Printing (2002)

Microcontact printing alkanethiols from an inked, microstructured stamp onto Au or Cu results in the formation of a self-assembled monolayer, which can locally protect the substrate from wet etching. This lithographic technique resembles a negative-type of lithography but can be inverted to the positive process. This is done by printing a type of oligothiol that does not protect the substrate from etching but prevents the adsorption of a protective monolayer from solution.
Two <i>FAD3</i> Desaturase Genes Control the Level of Linolenic Acid in Flax Seed (2005)

Industrial oil flax (Linum usitatissimum) and edible oil or solin flax differ markedly in seed linolenic acid levels. Despite the economic importance of low-linolenic-acid or solin flax, the molecular mechanism underlying this trait has not been established. Two independently inherited genes control the low-linolenic-acid trait in flax. Here, we identified two genes, LuFAD3A and LuFAD3B that encode microsomal desaturases capable of desaturating linoleic acid. The deduced proteins encoded by these genes shared 95.4% identity. In the low-linolenic-acid line solin 593-708, both LuFAD3A and LuFAD3B carry point mutations that produce premature stop codons. Expression of these genes in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) demonstrated that, while the wild-type proteins were capable of desaturating linoleic acid, the truncated proteins were inactive. Furthermore, the low-linolenic-acid phenotype in flax was complemented by transformation with a wild-type gene. Codominant DNA markers were developed to distinguish between null and wild-type alleles of both genes, and linolenic acid levels cosegregated with genotypes, providing further proof that LuFAD3A and LuFAD3B are the major genes controlling linolenic acid levels in flax. The level of LuFAD3 transcripts in seeds peaked at about 20 d after flowering, and transcripts were not detectable in leaf, root, or stem tissue. A dramatic reduction in transcript levels of both genes occurred in the low-linolenic-acid solin line, which was likely due to nonsense-mediated decay.
Formation Pressure Testing During Drilling: Challenges and Benefits (2003)

Abstract Formation pressure testers are utilized to measure formation pressure along a wellbore. From the data reservoir engineers develop information on formation fluid type, fluid contact depths, and formation connectivity. Together with recovered fluid samples, these data provide crucial exploration and development information for oil and gas fields. Until recently, pressure measurements were performed with wireline tools or during production and drill stem testing. Notably, these methods can only be used after the borehole is drilled and the drill string is pulled out of the hole. A formation test-while-drilling tool has been introduced to provide formation pressures during a brief pause in the drilling. The tool is equipped with an intelligent control system to perform closed loop, controlled drawdown-buildup tests in less than 5 minutes. Individual tests are controlled and analyzed with the FRA (Formation Rate Analysis) method in real time while repeat tests are optimized based on the previous test data. The formation pressure data can be utilized directly to choose the casing points and adjust the mud weight and ECD (Effective Circulation Density), thus allowing one to increase the drilling efficiency and safely drill into high pressured zones. As with wireline tools, the data also can be used to establish fluid gradients and fluid contacts and to analyze the connectivity between reservoirs.
Low-temperature, low vapor pressure bonding method for thin diamond films (2013)

We describe a method to bond thin diamond films to diamond substrates without contaminating the exposed diamond surface with bonding metals, such that the surface may be hydrogen-terminated to acquire negative electron affinity.