gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammary gland homeostasis employs serotonergic regulation of epithelial tight junctions (2007)

Homeostatic control of volume within the alveolar spaces of the mammary gland has been proposed to involve a feedback system mediated by serotonin signaling. In this article, we describe some of the mechanisms underlying this feedback based on studies of a human normal mammary epithelial cell line (MCF10A) and mouse mammary epithelium. Mammary serotonin was elevated during lactation and after injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The genes encoding the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) and the type 7 serotonin receptor (5-HT(7)) were expressed in human and mouse mammary epithelial cells, and serotonin caused a concentration-dependent increase of cAMP in MCF10A cells. Mouse and human mammary epithelial cells formed polarized membranes, in which tight junction activity was monitored. Treatment of mammary epithelial membranes with serotonin receptor antagonists increased their transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Antagonist and agonist effects on TEER were mediated by receptors on the basolateral face of the membranes. Our results suggest a process in which serotonin accumulates in the interstitial fluid surrounding the mammary secretory epithelium and is detected by 5-HT(7) receptors, whereupon milk secretion is inhibited. One mechanism responsible for this process is serotonin-mediated opening of tight junctions, which dissipates the transepithelial gradients necessary for milk secretion.
Rural Health Networks in Florida (1995)

This article describes the development of rural health networks in Florida, which has adopted formal policies to support these networks. First, the history and content of the relevant legislation are described. The current networks are identified and their development to date summarized. Finally, a detailed case study is employed to outline the steps taken to establish one network.
Precise garbage collection for C (2009)

Magpie is a source-to-source transformation for C programs that enables precise garbage collection, where precise means that integers are not confused with pointers, and the liveness of a pointer is apparent at the source level. Precise GC is primarily useful for long-running programs and programs that interact with untrusted components. In particular, we have successfully deployed precise GC in the C implementation of a language run-time system that was originally designed to use conservative GC. We also report on our experience in transforming parts of the Linux kernel to use precise GC instead of manual memory management.
High-performance photorefractivity in high- and low-molar-mass liquid crystal mixtures (1999)

High-performance photorefractivity in a thick-grating regime was observed in high- (H-LC) and low-molar-mass liquid crystal (L-LC) mixtures (HL-LCMs) doped with fullerene. The photorefractive performance strongly depended on the concentration ratio of H-LC and L-LC. A high net gain coefficient over 600 cm−1 was achieved with low applied dc fields (0.7 V/μm) and a fringe spacing of 2.8 μm. The gain coefficients and the resolution increased with increasing the concentration of the H-LCs. The photorefractive grating formation time was varied between 0.12 and 3.5 s, which depended on the concentration of the H-LCs.
Isolation and Characterization of Phage-Displayed Single Chain Antibodies Recognizing Nonreducing Terminal Mannose Residues. 2. Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Single Chain Antibodies (2007)

Since phage-display technology is probably the best available strategy to produce antibodies directed against various carbohydrate moieties, we employed phage-display technology to generate human single chain antibodies (scFvs) using neoglycolipids as carbohydrate antigens. An accompanying paper in this issue describes how phage-displayed antibodies (phage Abs) that recognized nonreducing terminal mannose residues were isolated and characterized. In this study, four independent scFv genes, isolated by a mannotriose (Man3)-bearing lipid as an antigen as previously described, were used to construct expression vectors to produce soluble scFv proteins in quantity. Both bacterial and mammalian expression systems were used to produce glutathione S-transferase-scFv fusion proteins and scFv-human IgG1 Fc conjugates, respectively. The expressed scFv fusion proteins were purified to apparent homogeneity with yields of approximately 1 and 48 mg, from 1 L of bacterial culture and myeloma cell media, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance and ELISA analyses confirmed that purified scFv proteins showed Man3 specificity. The humanized antibody in scFv-Fc form, derived from clone 5A3, was a disulfide-liked dimer with a molecular mass of 108 kDa. According to a bivalent model, the kinetics parameters of its binding to Man3 were determined to be ka = 4.03 x 104 M-1 s-1, kd = 5.77 x 10-4 s-1, KA = 6.98 x 107 M-1, and KD = 1.43 x 10-8 M. This study thus established the foundation for isolation of carbohydrate-specific scFv genes and eventual production of humanized scFv-Fc type antibodies.
A primer for understanding and applying data mining (2000)

Data mining is such a hot topic that it has become an obscured buzzword. Data mining can be a powerful tool for extracting useful information from tons of data. But it can just as easily extract erroneous and useless information if it's not used correctly. Key to avoiding the pitfalls is a basic understanding of what data mining is and what things to consider in planning a data mining project. The steps in a data mining project include: integrating and cleaning or modifying the data sources, mining the data, examining and pruning the mining results, and reporting the final results.
Electrochemically Deposited Sol−Gel-Derived Silicate Films as a Viable Alternative in Thin-Film Design (2003)

Sol-gel-derived silicate films were electrochemically deposited on conducting surfaces from a sol consisting of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). In this method, a sufficiently negative potential is applied to the electrode surface to reduce oxygen to hydroxyl ions, which serves as the catalyst for the hydrolysis and condensation of TMOS. The electrodeposition process was followed by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and cyclic voltammetry. The electrodeposited films were characterized for their surface morphology, porosity, and film thickness using atomic force microscopy, electrochemical probe techniques, surface area and pore size analysis, and profilometry. The electrodeposited films were found to have a completely different surface structure and to be significantly rougher relative to spin-coated films. This is likely due in part to the separation of the gelation and evaporation stages of film formation. The electrodeposited films were found to be permeable to simple redox molecules, such as ruthenium(III) hexaammine and ferrocene methanol. Film thickness can be easily varied from < 75 nm to > 15 microm by varying the electrode potential from -600 mV to more than -1000 mV, respectively. The electrodeposition process was further applied for the electroencapsulation of redox molecules and organic dyes within the silicate network. Cyclic voltammograms for the gel-entrapped ferrocene methanol (FcCH2OH) and ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) (Ru(bpy)3(2+)) exhibited the characteristic redox behavior of the molecules. The electroencapsulation of organic dyes in their "native" form proved to be more difficult because these species typically contain reducible functionalities that change the structure of the dye.
Community mobilization and participation in mobile communities: A case study of a whatsapp blood donation volunteer group in ernakulam (2017)

Using a qualitative framework created for assessing participation in online communities, the study explores participation and mobilization in mobile communities with data collected from interviews and content analysis of conversations. A WhatsApp Blood Donation Volunteer group in Ernakulam was chosen for the case study.
Sialyl Lewisa Ganglioside in Pancreatic Cancer Tissue Correlates with the Serum CA 19-9 Level (1996)

CA 19-9 ganglioside antigen was extracted from the tumors of 16 patients with pancreatic cancer and the antigen was confirmed by mass spectrometry to be a sialyl Lewis(a) ganglioside. Ductal adenocarcinomas from four patients, two whose Lewis blood phenotype was Le(a- b-), one with undifferentiated carcinoma, and one with an acinar cell carcinoma, did not contain detectable amounts of sialyl Le(a) ganglioside. A significant correlation was found between serum CA 19-9 levels and the recovery of ganglioside antigen from respective tumors, but not tumor burden.
CO<sub>2</sub> laser cutting and ablative etching for the fabrication of paper-based devices (2013)

We describe a method for fabricating paper-based microfluidic devices using a commercially available CO2 laser system. The method is versatile and allows for controlled through-cutting and ablative etching of nitrocellulose substrates. In addition, the laser system can cut a variety of components that are useful in the fabrication of paper-based devices, including cellulose wicking pads, glass fiber source pads and Mylar-based substrates for the device housing.
Circulating Half-Life of PEGylated Recombinant Methioninase Holoenzyme Is Highly Dose Dependent on Cofactor Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphate (2004)

Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been shown to target the elevated methionine (MET) dependence of tumor cells and arrest their growth as well as make tumors more sensitive to standard chemotherapy agents. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified rMETase (PEG-rMETase) has reduced antigenicity compared with unmodified rMETase. However, PEG-rMETase has a limited active circulating half-life due to rapid in vivo dissociation of its cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), a surprising finding, because PLP is tightly bound to PEG-rMETase in buffer. The question asked in the current study was on the effect of increasing doses of PLP to extend the circulating half-life of active PEG-rMETase holoenzyme in vivo. rMETase was conjugated with methoxypolyethylene glycol succinimidyl glutarate 5000 (MEGC-PEG). Miniosmotic pumps containing various concentrations of PLP were implanted in BALB-C mice. PLP-infused mice were then injected with a single dose of 4000 or 8000 units/kg PEG-rMETase. Mice infused with 5, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg/ml PLP-containing miniosmotic pumps increased plasma PLP to 7, 24, 34, 60, and 95 microm, respectively, from the PLP baseline of 0.3 microm. PLP increased the half-life of MEGC-PEG-rMETase holoenzyme in a dose-dependent manner. Pumps containing 500 mg/ml PLP increased the half-life of MEGC-PEG-rMETase holoenzyme 4.5-fold from 1.5 to 7 h. Infused PLP did not extend the half-life of MEGC-PEG-rMETase apoenzyme. With a dose of 4000 units/kg MEGC-PEG-rMETase in the mice infused with 5, 50, 200, and 500 mg/ml PLP, plasma MET was depleted from 50 microm to < or = 5 microm for 8, 24, 72, and 72 h, respectively. Thus, PLP infusion could extend the period of MET depletion by MEGC-PEG-rMETase by approximately 10-fold in a dose-dependent manner. The mice given 8000 units/kg MEGC-PEG-rMETase showed a similar plasma MET depletion time course, indicating that the limiting factor for MEGC-PEG-rMETase-mediated MET depletion in vivo was PLP. The extended time of MET depletion by MEGC-PEG-rMETase was due to the maintenance of active MEGC-PEG-rMETase holoenzyme by infused PLP. The infused PLP either bound to apo-MEGC-PEG-rMETase and/or inhibited dissociation of PLP from holo-PEG-rMETase, thereby maintaining the holoenzyme form of MEGC-PEG-rMETase in vivo. The combination of MEGC-PEG-rMETase treatment with PLP infusion suggests an effective clinical strategy for long-term MET depletion to arrest cancer growth.
Several eukaryotic ribosomal proteins are glycosylated and secreted under stress conditions such as cancer or starvation (2018)

Understanding the carbohydrate-protein interactions provides useful information on cullular processes in living organisms and is also helpful for the understanding the secretion pathway with respect to stress. Ribosomal proteins are usually known as structural proteins for the synthesis of proteins when cells are under a normal condition. However, some ribosomal proteins have extra-ribosomal functions in case of stress conditions. For example, ribosomal protein S3, a multi-functional protein, is also involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle control etc. We have discovered that this protein forms a dimer and is secreted into medium after N -glycosylation only from various cancer cell lines as well as cancer patients but not in normal cells or people who do not have cancers. We also have found that other ribosomal proteins such as S2, S20 and Rackl from human and yeast cells are also secreted under various stress conditions. The secretion pathway appears to be a standard ER -Golgi dependent pathway. We are currently investigating the glycosylation mechanism of these ribosomal proteins which could be used as useful biomarkers.
Congestion Management in MINs through Marked and Validated Packets (2007)

Congestion management is a very critical problem tackled in interconnection networks for years but not solved yet. Although several mechanisms have been recently proposed for lossless multistage interconnection networks (MINs), they either have drawbacks or are partial solutions. Some of them introduce penalty over packets not really addressed to the hot-spots, whereas others can cope only with congestion situations that last a short time. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient congestion management mechanism for lossless interconnection networks based on explicit congestion notification. The mechanism uses two different flags in ACK packets, a Marking Bit (MB) and a Validation Bit (VB), to detect congestion and warn the origin hosts. In this way, packets belonging to "coldflows" but stopped because of head-of-line (HOL) blocking can be distinguished from "hotflow" packets which are really causing congestion. In response, origin hosts can apply corrective actions only to the "hotflows", minimizing the negative impact on "coldflows"performance. Evaluation results show that the proposed congestion management strategy is able to avoid the degradation of network performance, regardless of traffic load and the location of the congestion in the network.
Efficient and Limiting Reactions in Aqueous Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution Systems using Molecular Catalysts and Quantum Dots (2014)

Hydrogen produced from water and solar energy holds much promise for decreasing the fossil fuel dependence. It has recently been proven that the use of quantum dots as light harvesters in combination with catalysts is a valuable strategy to obtain photogenerated hydrogen. However, the light to hydrogen conversion efficiency of these systems is reported to be lower than 40%. The low conversion efficiency is mainly due to losses occurring at the different interfacial charge-transfer reactions taking place in the multicomponent system during illumination. In this work we have analyzed all the involved reactions in the hydrogen evolution catalysis of a model system composed of CdTe quantum dots, a molecular cobalt catalyst and vitamin C as sacrificial electron donor. The results demonstrate that the electron transfer from the quantum dots to the catalyst occurs fast enough and efficiently (nanosecond time scale), while the back electron transfer and catalysis are much slower (millisecond and microsecond time scales). Further improvements of the photodriven proton reduction should focus on the catalytic rate enhancement, which should be at least in the hundreds of nanoseconds time scale.
Further results on the sphere decoder (2002)

The fast development of digital communications hardware allows for the application of very powerful algorithms at the expense of a small increase in complexity compared to the traditionally implemented algorithms. In this paper we give further results on the sphere decoder (SD) algorithm, and its applications to a broad range of digital communications problems related to the separation of m independent sources by n sensors. First, we discuss practical implementation issues and propose an efficient method to initialize the SD parameters based on computing an estimate of the packing radius of the lattice. We relate the initializing method to the expected performance of the SD, and show that at high SNR, one obtains near optimum performance. The complexity of the SD is then shown to be much less than the upper bound on the complexity of the Fincke and Pohst (1985) algorithm for the problem of finding short length vectors in an m-dimensional lattice. Simulations show that the SD of an m-dimensional lattice needs at most O(m/sup 4.5/) arithmetic operations at low SNR, and O(m/sup 3/) at high SNR. The obtained results offer a very powerful tool to reach near the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance in several cases such as lattice codes decoding over the Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels, multiuser detection, uncoded multi-antenna systems detection and space-time codes decoding, and vector quantization.
Intracranial time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 3T. (2006)

By taking advantage of the increased S/N provided by 3T magnets over conventional 1.5T magnets and converting this additional S/N into higher temporal resolution through acceleration strategies, intracranial time-resolved MRA becomes feasible.
Unsupervised Morphological Expansion of Small Datasets for Improving Word Embeddings (2017)

We present a language independent, unsupervised method for building word embeddings using morphological expansion of text. Our model handles the problem of data sparsity and yields improved word embeddings by relying on training word embeddings on artificially generated sentences. We evaluate our method using small sized training sets on eleven test sets for the word similarity task across seven languages. Further, for English, we evaluated the impacts of our approach using a large training set on three standard test sets. Our method improved results across all languages.
Proposed Partial Repowering of a Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Low-Grade Solar Thermal Energy (2011)

In this paper, a hybrid power-generation system with integration of solar heat at approximately 300 ⁰C was proposed for a coal-fired power plant. The system was investigated with the aid of energy-utilization diagram methodology (EUD methodology). In this research, instead of steam, low-grade solar heat was utilized to heat the feed water, leading to an improvement in the plant thermodynamic performance. The net annual solar-to-electric efficiency was recorded as over 15%. Solar feed-water heaters can operate in line with previously used feed-water heaters during the solar off-design period. A preliminary economic evaluation demonstrated that the increased capital cost of the solar collectors may be approximately $2,007/kWe. The promising results indicated that the proposed thermal cycle offers an approach that integrates mid-temperature solar heat to partially repower existing coal-fired power plants.
Parameters Summer 2021 (2021)

The US Army War College Quarterly, Parameters, is a refereed forum for contemporary strategy and Landpower issues. It furthers the education and professional development of senior military officers and members of government and academia concerned with national security affairs.
Regulation of MAPK Signaling Pathways Through Immunophilin-ligand Complex (2003)

It is well established that the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 (also known as tacrolimus) are mediated through binding to their cognate cellular proteins cyclophilin and FKBP (collectively termed immunophilins), respectively. Biochemical analysis had revealed that cyclophilin-CsA and FKBP-FK506 complexes bind to and inactivate Ca(2+)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. Since calcineurin regulates nuclear translocation and subsequent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors that is one of essential steps for cytokine gene expression in activated T cells, it is believed that inhibition of calcineurin is a molecular basis of the immunosuppressive properties of CsA and FK506. However, recent studies indicate that both CsA and FK506 can block activation of JNK and p38 signaling pathways during T cell activation. CsA and FK506, thus, have two distinct mechanisms of action; one is the inhibition of the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin, leading to the blockade of the nuclear translocation of NFAT transcription factors, and the other is the suppression of JNK and p38 activation pathways. It is likely that the presence of two distinct targets in T cell activation makes CsA and FK506 highly potent immunosuppressive drugs. Here we discuss the action of immunophilin-ligand complexes on JNK and p38 activation pathways. We also argue the possibility of immunotherapeutic application targeting at JNK and p38 signaling pathways.
Reaction of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with other pathogens, vaccines, and food antigens (2022)

It has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 shares homology and cross-reacts with vaccines, other viruses, common bacteria and many human tissues. We were inspired by these findings, firstly, to investigate the reaction of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody with different pathogens and vaccines, particularly DTaP. Additionally, since our earlier studies have shown immune reactivity by antibodies made against pathogens and autoantigens towards different food antigens, we also studied cross-reaction between SARS-CoV-2 and common foods. For this, we reacted monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein with 15 different bacterial and viral antigens and 2 different vaccines, BCG and DTaP, as well as with 180 different food peptides and proteins. The strongest reaction by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were with DTaP vaccine antigen, <i>E. faecalis</i>, roasted almond, broccoli, soy, cashew, α+β casein and milk, pork, rice endochitinase, pineapple bromelain, and lentil lectin. Because the immune system tends to form immune responses towards the original version of an antigen that it has encountered, this cross-reactivity may have its advantages with regards to immunity against SARS-CoV-2, where the SARS-CoV-2 virus may elicit a "remembered" immune response because of its structural similarity to a pathogen or food antigen to which the immune system was previously exposed. Our findings indicate that cross-reactivity elicited by DTaP vaccines in combination with common herpesviruses, bacteria that are part of our normal flora such as <i>E. faecalis</i>, and foods that we consume on a daily basis should be investigated for possible cross-protection against COVID-19. Additional experiments would be needed to clarify whether or not this cross-protection is due to cross-reactive antibodies or long-term memory T and B cells in the blood.