gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference Assessment of Various Endogenous and Exogenous Substances on the Performance of the Eversense Long-Term Implantable Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (2018)

Although tetracycline and mannitol interfered with the Eversense sensor, substances frequently reported to interfere with enzymatic, electrochemical-based transcutaneous CGM systems, such as acetaminophen and ascorbic acid, did not affect Eversense readings.
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS FLUID SUPPLEMENTATION ON SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVEL IN JAUNDICED HEALTHY NEONATES DURING CONVENTIONAL PHOTOTHERAPY (2004)

Background: Adequate hydration and good urine output improve the efficacy of phototherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous fluid supplementation on decrease of serum bilirubin levels in jaundiced healthy term infants during conventional phototherapy. Methods: Sixty healthy breast-fed neonates with non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia were assigned randomly to receive either breast milk exclusively (non-supplemented group; n=30) or intravenous fluid in addition to breast milk (supplemented group; n=30) during conventional phototherapy. Results: The mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels at the time of enrollment and within 84 hours after phototherapy were not statistically different between two groups. Similarly, the mean rate of decrease in TSB levels during the first 12 h of phototherapy were 0.13Â±0.06 and 0.10 Â± 0.1 mg/dL/h in supplemented and non supplemented groups , respectively (P=0.13). Duration of phototherapy required in supplemented and non-supplemented groups was 58 Â± 13.02 and 63.20 Â± 13.71 hours, respectively (P=0.13). Conclusion: These data show that administration of extra intravenous fluid in jaundiced healthy, term, breastfed neonates have no beneficial effect on the rate of serum bilirubin reduction during conventional phototherapy.
Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy, Neonates, Fluid Supplementation, Dehydration.
Turbo multiuser detection for turbo-coded CDMA in multipath fading channels (2002)

Multiuser detection and turbo coding are two of the most powerful techniques for enhancing the performance of next-generation wide-band code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. We develop an iterative multiuser receiver for turbo-coded CDMA systems with aperiodic spreading sequences operating in multipath fading, which exploits the power of both techniques. The key innovation in the proposed receiver is a low-complexity soft multiuser detector which uses the same decision statistic as the conventional RAKE receiver (i.e., the outputs of the maximum ratio combiners for all the users), and performs soft-interference cancellation and instantaneous minimum mean-square error (MMSE) filtering. The soft multiuser detector has a complexity of O(K/sup 2/) per bit per iteration, where K is the number of users. A single-user receiver which employs a soft RAKE detector followed by a turbo decoder is also considered. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multiuser receiver offers more than 0.5-dB gain over the single-user RAKE receiver at a bit-error rate (BER) of 10/sup -3/ and even outperforms the single-user RAKE receiver operating in a single-user environment.
Inhibition of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion by MAb5, an Anti-Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Monoclonal Antibody (2000)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is primarily caused by toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). These toxins belong to a family of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus and exhibit several shared biological properties, including the induction of massive cytokine release and Vbeta-specific T-cell proliferation. The crystal structures of most PTSAgs are now published, and they demonstrate a striking similarity in conformational architecture even though their primary protein sequences are different. Despite these structural and immunobiological similarities, no cross-reactivity between TSST-1 and other PTSAgs has been demonstrated in serological or neutralization assays. Our laboratory has developed a neutralizing murine anti-TSST-1 monoclonal antibody (MAb5) which displayed cross-reactivity with SEB by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether MAb5 can also cross-neutralize SEB-induced superantigenic activities in vitro. MAb5 was found to partially inhibit SEB-induced T-cell mitogenesis (63%) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion (70%) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a dose-dependent manner, while an isotypic anti-TSST-1 monoclonal antibody showed no effect. Epitope mapping revealed that MAb5 bound to TSST-1 residues 47 to 56 ((47)FPSPYYSPAF(56)) and to SEB residues 83 to 92 ((83)DVFGANYYYQ(92)), sequences that located in different regions of these toxins and are structurally dissimilar. SEB peptide (83)DVFGANYYYQ(92) was synthesized and found to also inhibit SEB-induced mitogenesis and TNF-alpha secretion in human PBMC. Our results demonstrate for the first time that MAb5 binds to different epitopes on TSST-1 and SEB that appear functionally important in inducing T-cell mitogenesis and TNF-alpha secretion in vitro.
Photochemoprevention by Botanical Antioxidants (2002)

The trend towards an increase in incidence and higher prevalence of skin cancer makes identification of effective chemopreventive agents an urgent priority. Excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) B radiation has been implicated as its main cause. Since these trends are likely to continue in the foreseeable future, the adverse effect of UVB has become a major human health concern. Therefore, the development of novel strategies to reduce the occurrence of skin cancer has become a highly desirable goal. Because UV radiation is known to cause excessive generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in turn results in a situation known as oxidative stress, the approaches aimed at counteracting ROS production may be useful for the prevention of skin cancer. One approach to reduce its occurrence is through 'photochemoprotection', which we define as 'the use of agents capable of ameliorating the adverse effects of UVB on the skin'. Among many photochemoprotective agents, botanical antioxidants are showing promise. This review focuses on photochemopreventive effects of selected botanical antioxidants. We suggest that the use of botanical antioxidants in combination with the use of sunscreens and educational efforts to avoid excessive sun exposure may be an effective strategy for reducing incidence of skin cancer and other UV-mediated damages in humans.
A Heuristic Algorithm for Automatic Classification of Ring River (2018)

In map generalization, a technical difficulty and key to expressing water elements is river classification, which has high requirements for accuracy and calculation speed. In the study of river classification, the current hierarchical algorithm is not quite efficient and lacks classification of ring rivers. Based on this, this paper establishes the attributes of river classification, its geometric rules and ring rules, and classifies different ring types for the existing in river system. When calculating river's longest path, we use the heuristic algorithm for iterative calculation to automatically conduct river classification. The experimental results show that this algorithm can achieve good results for the ring river system and improve the calculation efficiency and accuracy of river system classification.
Design and control of a hybrid mount featuring a magnetorheological fluid and a piezostack (2011)

In this study, a hybrid mount featuring a magnetorheological (MR) fluid and a piezostack is devised to reduce vibrations occuring in dynamic systems which are operated in a wide frequency range. An MR fluid is adopted to improve isolation performance at resonant low frequencies, whereas a piezostack actuator is adopted for performance improvement at non-resonant high frequencies. As a first step, a passive rubber part is manufactured and its dynamic characteristics are experimentally evaluated. By adopting the MR fluid and the piezostack, semi-active and active actuating mechanisms are devised and their mathematical models are derived. In particular, the magnetic circuit for MR operation is optimally designed via finite element analysis. After evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the manufactured MR device and inertial piezostack actuator, the proposed hybrid mount is then established by integrating them with the rubber part. Subsequently, a vibration control system is constructed using the proposed hybrid mount, and a sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed to attenuate the vibrations transmitted from the base excitation. Control performances of the proposed mount are experimentally evaluated in time and frequency domains.
Recombinant gp100 protein presented by dendritic cells elicits a T-helper-cell responsein vitro andin vivo (1999)

Induction of a helper T (TH)-cell response is a critical element in the generation of anti-tumor immunity. The majority of immunotherapeutic approaches have so far been concerned with the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This also accounts for gp100, a melanoma-associated protein which induces a potent CTL response. Because of the high immunogenicity of gp100, we considered it of special interest to explore the feasibility of generating gp100-specific TH cells. Human dendritic cells (DCs) were loaded with recombinant gp100 protein, and the response of autologous TH cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We have observed that gp100 peptides can be presented by DCs of certain MHC class II haplotypes, which led to proliferation and cytokine production of TH-1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, transfer of gp100 protein-loaded human DCs into SCID mice also induced proliferation of autologous, unprimed peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and selective expansion of TH cells. When human T cells from the spleen of SCID mice were recovered and restimulated in vitro, they strongly proliferated in response to gp100-loaded DCs, while showing minimal proliferative activity in response to DCs loaded with a control antigen. Thus, it is possible to induce an efficient MHC class II-restricted TH response by in vitro stimulation or in vivo vaccination with DCs which have been loaded with a purified tumor-associated antigen.
Yawn duration predicts brain weight and cortical neuron number in mammals (2016)

Research indicates that the motor action pattern of yawning functions to promote cortical arousal and state change through enhanced intracranial circulation and brain cooling. Because the magnitude of this response likely corresponds to the degree of neurophysiological change, we hypothesized that interspecies variation in yawn duration would correlate with underlying neurological differences. Using openly accessible data, we show that both the mean and variance in yawn duration are robust predictors of mammalian brain weight and cortical neuron number (ρ-values > 0.9). Consistent with these effects, primates tend to have longer and more variable yawn durations compared with other mammals. Although yawning has long been considered a stereotyped action pattern, these findings reveal substantial variation in this response and highlight the importance of measuring yawn duration in future research.
Mitochondrial ROS contribute to oridonin-induced HepG2 apoptosis through PARP activation (2017)

Oridonin, the main active constituent of <i>Rabdosia rubescens</i>, is known to exert antitumor activity via the induction of apoptosis in numerous types of human cancer cells. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS in oridonin-induced HepG2 apoptosis remain largely unknown, due to limitations of subcellular imaging resolution. Previously, it has been suggested that mitochondria serve a potential role in sensing and signaling cellular redox changes in vital biological processes such as cell death and the abiotic stress response, based on studies involving the mitochondrial-targeted redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP). To address this, a mitochondrial-targeted Grx1-roGFP2 (mtGrx1-roGFP2) biosensor was implemented to monitor real-time mitochondrial redox changes of HepG2 cells in response to either H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/DTT or oridonin/SS31 treatment. It was determined that oridonin caused a perturbation in mitochondrial redox status, which in turn contributed to oridonin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of mitochondrial redox changes in oridonin-induced HepG2 apoptosis, presumably dependent on PARP cleavage, was proposed. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence in support of mitochondrial redox changes as a potential mediator in the apoptotic activities of oridonin in HepG2 cells, which provides insight into the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial redox signaling regulates oridonin-induced apoptosis in cancer therapy, and the development of mitochondria-specific oridonin as a promising novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.
Social Interaction with a Conversational Agent (2008)

Conversational agents that display many human qualities have become a valuable method business uses to communicate with online users to supply services or products, to help in online order process or to search the Web. The gaming industry and education may benefit from this type of interface. In this type of chats, users could have different alternatives: text display, photo of a real person, or a cartoon drawing and others. This is an exploratory study that reviews five randomly chosen conversations that an animated chatbot has with Web users. The character simulates human gestures, but they are stylized to reproduce animation standards. The goal of this exploratory study is to provide feedback that will help designers to improve the functionality of the conversational agent, identify user’s needs, define future research, and learn from previous errors. The methodology used was qualitative content analysis
Cytoskeleton and Epithelial Polarity (1993)

The membrane surface of polarized epithelial cells can be divided in apical and basolateral domains that differ in molecular composition and function. Components of the cytoskeleton are involved in critical steps of both generation and maintenance of cell polarity. Generation of polarity is controlled by microtubules that serve as uniformly aligned and polarized cytoplasmic guiding structures for the vectorial and selective transport of Golgi-derived carrier vesicles to the apical cell surface. Targeting of membrane proteins to the basolateral cell surface does not depend on microtubules but follows the constitutive bulk flow of membranes. Once inserted into the lipid bilayer several membrane proteins such as the kidney anion exchanger 1 (AE1) and the sodium pump become immobilized at specialized microdomains of the lateral cell surface. Evidence is provided that both membrane proteins are linked via ankyrin to the spectrin-based membrane cytoskeleton that underlies the basolateral membrane domain. Linkage of these and other integral membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton may not only place them to specialized sites of the plasma membrane but may also prevent these transporters from clustering and endocytosis, thus helping them to stay at the cell surface. In search of sequence motifs involved in binding of integral membrane proteins to components of the cytoskeleton we found that the binding interface of AE1 to protein 4.1 (an actin and spectrin cross-linking protein) consists of a cluster of five amino acid residues, namely IRRRY in AE1 and LEEDY on protein 4.1. This motif may play a more general role in cytoskeleton membrane linkages.
A statistical analysis of single and multiple response surface modeling (1999)

This work examines the use of single response surface (SRS) and multiple response surface (MRS) techniques for modeling spatial nonuniformity in semiconductor applications. Previous works have suggested that the MRS estimation techniques better measure the nonuniformity due to the underlying spatial function of the process, whereas SRS estimation methods measure the total process nonuniformity (systematic spatial nonuniformity plus random site nonuniformity). This work further highlights this fact in an analytical setting. It is demonstrated that the MRS estimation technique is biased and that this bias can lead to the choice of a nonoptimal process. Experimental data from a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process confirms these observations and demonstrates that careful use of the MRS estimator is required in achieving meaningful results for estimating spatial nonuniformity. Modified versions of each method, which measure spatial nonuniformity alone, as well as versions which measure total nonuniformity, are proposed for the case when one is comparing discrete process settings. Analytical expressions for the expected value and variance of both the SRS and MRS estimators are determined. These are used to compare the efficiency (estimator variance) of these modified estimators. When comparing spatial nonuniformity, it is found that the unbiased MRS estimator is more efficient than the SRS estimator modified to measure spatial nonuniformity. However, it is shown that the MRS estimator, when modified to measure total nonuniformity, is not necessarily more efficient than the SRS method. Finally, the continuous response surface modeling case is considered. It is demonstrated how confidence intervals on the underlying continuous site models lead to a nonuniform bias in the response surface generated by the MRS method. This suggests that care must be taken when using the MRS technique in creating continuous response surfaces of spatial nonuniformity as a function of the process settings.
An alternative to Tungsten in 3D-NAND technology (2021)

As the number of wordlines has reached 128 layers in the realm of 3D-NAND, several challenges have emerged to produce these structures. Among these is metallization of the connection made with Tungsten. This paper explores Nickel alloys as an alternative metal. Several key data are presented to validate this new concept.
Fast intra mode selection for stereo video coding using epipolar constraint (2011)

Application of stereo video in TV industry and consumer electronics becomes very popular recently. Thus, fast algorithm for stereo video coding is highly desired because of its huge inter-view computational redundancy. In our previous work we proposed an epipolar constraint based fast inter mode selection for stereo video using motion vector of blocks as a indicator of similarity, nevertheless, intra mode selection is also highly complex in standards like H.264/AVC. In this paper, a practical fast intra mode selection is proposed to eliminate the computational redundancy by exploiting inter-view dependency based on epipolar constraint. The proposed method does not rely on disparity estimation. Instead, a sliding window is employed to generate an intra mode candidate pool from macro-blocks on the epipolar line. The candidate pool is then rectified to remove invalid modes and improve accuracy. Finally, optimal prediction mode is selected from the candidate pool. The proposed method can significantly reduce the number of mode candidates/prediction directions compared to exhaustive mode selection by 79%. Experiments on 5 HD video coded in 1-frame demonstrate the overall coding time of one view is saved by 56% on average, with slightly video quality loss less than 0.1 dB.
Adaptive control of uninterruptible power supply based on AC/AC Power Converter (2014)

This work deals with the problems of uninterruptible power supplies “UPS” based on the converter AC/AC built in two stages: an input stage AC/DC and an output stage DC/AC. The two blocks are joined by a continuous intermediate bus, such as power factor correction “PFC”, regulating the DC bus voltage and generating a sinusoidal output voltage. These problems have three levels of difficulty: (i) the input source alternative network side is not available, (ii) the states of the model are not all accessible to measurement, (iii) the load is unknown. The solution developed in this paper consists of three controllers one of them is adaptive. The first controller consists of a Kalman observer and control law developed by the backstepping technique from the model observed, the second controller consists of three components: (i) an observer estimating online the state of output current of the inverter which is not accessible to measurement, (ii) a control law developed by the backstepping technique from the model observed, (iii) a robust adaptation law made through a parametric projection. This robustness is necessary to deal with state estimation errors in the model.
Shedding of klotho by ADAMs in the kidney (2015)

The anti-aging gene klotho plays an important role in Ca(2+) and phosphate homeostasis. Membrane-bound klotho is an essential coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 and can be cleaved by proteases, including a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 and ADAM17. Cleavage of klotho occurs at a site directly above the plasma membrane (α-cut) or between the KL1 and KL2 domain (β-cut), resulting in soluble full-length klotho or KL1 and KL2 fragments, respectively. The aim of the present study was to gain insights into the mechanisms behind klotho cleavage processes in the kidney. Klotho shedding was demonstrated using a Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line stably expressing klotho and human embryonic kidney-293 cells transiently transfected with klotho. Here, we report klotho expression on both the basolateral and apical membrane, with a higher abundance of klotho at the apical membrane and in the apical media. mRNA expression of ADAM17 and klotho were enriched in mouse distal convoluted and connecting tubules. In vitro ADAM/matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by TNF484 resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of the α-cut, with a less specific effect on β-cut shedding. In vivo TNF484 treatment in wild-type mice did not change urinary klotho levels. However, ADAM/matrix metalloproteinase inhibition did increase renal and duodenal mRNA expression of phosphate transporters, whereas serum phosphate levels were significantly decreased. In conclusion, our data show that renal cells preferentially secrete klotho to the apical side and suggest that ADAMs are responsible for α-cut cleavage.
Sleep-disordered breathing. A view at the beginning of the new Millennium. (2001)

Obstructed sleep apnea syndrome and UARS are often missed in clinical practice. The pediatric population presenting with UARS or mild OSAS is the most commonly ignored because the symptoms are insidious. Often, their craniofacial morphology is not as altered as in the adult population because the effects of airway obstruction may not have been fully established. This is, however, the group in which trials aimed at redistributing bone growth and functional readaptations may be attempted. Dentists and orthodontists have the greatest opportunity to see these young individuals and may help identify them and participate in treatment options. Undoubtedly, functional appliances are not the ideal solution, but if used appropriately with the goal of enlarging the upper airway, they may obviate the need for aggressive surgical treatments later in life. Orthopedic palatal and transverse expansion appliances can widen the jaw bases at the level of the basal bone. Orthodontically uprighting lingually tipped teeth to widen the alveolar bone housing the teeth can help improve the oropharyngeal space indirectly by altering the resting posture of the tongue. These measures in conjunction with other simultaneous, noninvasive modalities may prove to be effective.