gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Higher Quality and Lower Cost from Improving Hospital Discharge Decision Making (2015)

The added costs from excess, wasted resources in healthcare are estimated to exceed the size of the entire defense budget. Effectively addressing this problem requires decreasing the cost of healthcare while increasing its quality by improving healthcare decision making. This paper reports research on improving decisions about hospital discharges -- decisions that are now made by physicians based on mainly subjective evaluations of patients' discharge status. The research has three components: (a) econometric identification of patient medical status and demographic characteristics that discriminate between the likelihood of successful discharge and unsuccessful discharge (resulting in unplanned readmission within 30 days); (b) development of decision support software that incorporates evidence-based discharge criteria; and (c) empirical evaluation of efficacy of the decision support software. Experimental data reported herein indicate that utilization of the decision support software with evidence-based selection of the default option reduces both patients' average length of stay in the hospital and the likelihood of higher risk patients being readmitted.
Genetics of protein I of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: construction of hybrid porins. (1988)

Protein I (PI), the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a porin and occurs in two major immunochemical classes, A and B. By using shuttle mutagenesis to insert a selectable marker close to the PI structural gene, evidence was obtained from transformation experiments to demonstrate that the PI structural gene is equivalent to the defined locus nmp and that the genes for PI class A and PI class B are alleles of the same locus. The PI class B gene of strain MS11 was cloned and sequenced, and comparison of this sequence with the gene sequence of PI class A of FA19 revealed a number of regions of significant divergence. By selection for the closely linked marker in transformations between the two strains, a series of strains with a hybrid PI was obtained. Analysis of these strains with monoclonal antibodies and oligonucleotides specific to PI class A or PI class B elucidated the nature and location of some of the surface-exposed epitopes, a thorough characterization of which is a prerequisite for understanding the role of PI in gonococcal pathogenesis and its possible use as a component of a vaccine.
Shock compaction of superconductors (1988)

Shock compression has several features which indicate a high potential for the processing of practical superconductors and for the synthesis of new superconducting phases/1/. By using shock waves a dynamic pressure pulse in the range 10-1000 kbar can be applied for a duration of order 1 ..mu..sec. The pressures, densities, temperatures, strain rates, and quench rates are substantially larger than for conventional processing methods. High quench rates could be used to synthesize new metastable high-T/sub c/ phases, where T/sub c/ is the superconducting critical transition temperature. The fast nature of the process also permits the heterogeneous processing of powders. That is, by compacting powders in a ..mu..sec, compressive energy is deposited heterogeneously on particle boundaries. This dynamic method offers the opportunity to achieve high density and to selectivity process the grain boundary region in high-T/sub c/ superconductors. Since controlling the grain boundary region is essential to achieving high critical current density J/sub c//3/, shock compaction might produce the microstructure required for high J/sub c/. An example is given of shock compaction of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ + Ag powders. 6 refs., 2 figs.
Multifacet holographic optical elements (1983)

Holographic optical elements are an attractive alternative to conventional optical elements in systems using light with a narrow spectral bandwidth. The attributes of holographic optical elements include the capability of producing low f/number diffraction limited optics, and the ability to generate arbitrary wavefronts. They are also potentially easy to replicate and have‘low weight and compact size. Unfortunately, not all of these attributes are shared by all hologram types.
Switchable dual-wavelength SOA-based fiber laser with continuous tunability over the C-band at room-temperature (2012)

We propose and demonstrate a simple compact, inexpensive, SOA-based, dual-wavelength tunable fiber laser, that can potentially be used for photoconductive mixing and generation of waves in the microwave and THz regions. A C-band semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is placed inside a linear cavity with two Sagnac loop mirrors at its either ends, which act as both reflectors and output ports. The selectivity of dual wavelengths and the tunability of the wavelength difference (Δλ) between them is accomplished by placing a narrow bandwidth (e.g., 0.3 nm) tunable thin film-based filter and a fiber Bragg grating (with bandwidth 0.28 nm) inside the loop mirror that operates as the output port. A total output power of + 6.9 dBm for the two wavelengths is measured and the potential for higher output powers is discussed. Optical power and wavelength stability are measured at 0.33 dB and 0.014 nm, respectively.
RDIS: A recursively defined invertible set scheme to tolerate multiple stuck-at faults in resistive memory (2012)

With their potential for high scalability and density, resistive memories are foreseen as a promising technology that overcomes the physical limitations confronted by charge-based DRAM and flash memory. Yet, a main burden towards the successful adoption and commercialization of resistive memories is their low cell reliability caused by process variation and limited write endurance. Typically, faulty and worn-out cells are permanently stuck at either `0' or `1'. To overcome the challenge, a robust error correction scheme that can recover from many hard faults is required. In this paper, we propose and evaluate RDIS, a novel scheme to efficiently tolerate memory stuck-at faults. RDIS allows for the correct retrieval of data by recursively determining and efficiently keeping track of the positions of the bits that are stuck at a value different from the ones that are written, and then, at read time, by inverting the values read from those positions. RDIS is characterized by a very low probability of failure that increases slowly with the relative increase in the number of faults. Moreover, RDIS tolerates many more faults than the best existing scheme-by up to 95% on average at the same overhead level.
Optical encryption using a liquid phase mask (2018)

Liquid surface patterns are used for the first time in random phase mask optical image encryption. Time-dependence from the liquid surface patterns can potentially remove known-plaintext attack vulnerabilities. Simulations were conducted to investigate the security of such a system. The system is shown to maintain the maximum entropy in the encrypted images without leaving a significant correlation with the liquid surface patterns. Significant error between recovered and plaintext images when a mismatched liquid surface pattern is used for decryption demonstrates the ability of the liquid system to vary the encryption and decryption of images with a tunable surface.
Submicron silicon powder production in an aerosol reactor (1986)

Powder synthesis by thermally induced vapor phase reactions is described. The powder generated by this technique consists of spherical, nonagglomerated particles of high purity. The particles are uniform in size, in the 0.1–0.2 μm size range. Most of the particles are crystalline spheres. A small fraction of the spheres are amorphous. Chain agglomerates account for less than 1% of the spherules.
Photonic Crystal Surfaces as a General Purpose Platform for Label-Free and Fluorescent Assays (2010)

Photonic crystal surfaces can be designed to provide a wide range of functions that are used to perform biochemical and cell-based assays. Detection of the optical resonant reflections from photonic crystal surfaces enables high sensitivity label-free biosensing, while the enhanced electromagnetic fields that occur at resonant wavelengths can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of any surface-based fluorescence assay. Fabrication of photonic crystals from inexpensive plastic materials over large surface areas enables them to be incorporated into standard formats that include microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic channels. This report reviews the design of photonic crystal biosensors, their associated detection instrumentation, and biological applications. Applications including small molecule high throughput screening, cell membrane integrin activation, gene expression analysis, and protein biomarker detection are highlighted. Recent results in which photonic crystal surfaces are used for enhancing the detection of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, and the development of high resolution photonic crystal-based laser biosensors are also described.
<title>pH sensitivity and hysteresis of A-WO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> gate ISFET compared with different membranes</title> (1999)

Because of the pH sensitivity is one of the important characteristic parameters of ISFET devices. The response of ISFET is mainly determined with the type of the sensing membrane, therefore the sensing material plays a significant role. In addition, the hysteresis is the non-ideal and unstable factor of ISFET devices for measuring. Hence, in this study, the pH sensitivity and hysteresis of a-WO<SUB>3</SUB> gate ISFET are investigated, and compare with different sensing membranes.
Velocity vector estimation in synthetic aperture flowand b-mode imaging (2005)

A method for determining both velocity magnitude and angle in a synthetic aperture ultrasound system is described. The approach uses directional beamforming along the flow direction and cross-correlation to determine velocity magnitude. The angle of the flow is determined from the maximum normalized correlation calculated as a function of angle. The method is investigated using data measured by an experimental ultrasound scanner from a flow rig. A commercial 7 MHz linear array transducer is used and data are measured for flow angles of 60/spl deg/ and 90/spl deg/. The velocity magnitude is determined with a precision of 0.36 % (60/spl deg/) and 1.2 % (90/spl deg/), respectively. The 60/spl deg/ angle is estimated with a bias of 0.54/spl deg/ and a standard deviation of 2.1/spl deg/. For 90/spl deg/ the bias is 0.0003/spl deg/ and standard deviation 1.32/spl deg/.
MicroRNA (miRNA) Regulation in Glioma: Implications in Development, Progression, Grading, Prognosis and Therapy (2011)

MicroRNA (miRNA) Regulation in Glioma: Implications in Development, Progression, Grading, Prognosis and Therapy
A fuzzy bounding box merging technique for moving object detection (2012)

In moving object detection systems, the moving objects are detected as clusters of bounding boxes based on the image differences (or motions) between frames. These differences are marked by multiple moving bounding boxes that may or may not overlapped, therefore a bounding boxing merging problem arise. The aim of this paper is to present an algorithm that derives fuzzy rules to merge the detected bounding boxes into a unique cluster bounding box that covers a unique object. In order to do this, we first define the relationships of a pair of boxes by their box geometrical affinity, by their motion cohesion, and their appearance similarity, etc. The box pair-wise relations are fuze by means of fuzzy rules and derive a fuzzy logic formulation on whether a pair of boxes can be merged or not. By considering the fuzzyness of the merging decision as a distance metric between the box pairs, the moving objects can be detected by an revised agglomerative clustering algorithm. In the experiments, we demonstrate the performance of our fuzzy moving object detection algorithm by detecting moving vehicles in aerial videos. The purpose of this note is to explore in a preliminary way the use of a fuzzy logic approach to model the uncertainty inherent in detection systems.
Single-frequency, all-fiber Q-switched laser at 1550-nm (2004)

We present a novel actively Q-switched single frequency all-fiber laser using fast stress-induced birefringence modulation. We demonstrate 25-W peak power in 12-ns, 0.3-nJ pulses at a repetition rate of 80 kHz.
Polyimides Made From 3,5-Diaminobenzotrifluoride (1995)

Polyimides synthesized from 3,5-diaminobenzotrifluoride (DABTF). One monomer of major importance in preparing these high-temperature polymers is 1,3-phenylenediamine (mPDA). Fluorinated polyimides exhibit characteristics potentially attractive for aerospace and electronic applications. Includes optical transparency, solubility in common polar solvents, enhanced thermo-oxidative stability, low dielectric constants, and high glass-transition temperatures. Polyimides also used to form free-standing films, coatings, and moldings.
Multivalent Galα1,3Gal‐substitution makes recombinant mucin–immunoglobulins efficient absorbers of anti‐pig antibodies (2003)

Hyperacute organ xenograft rejection can be prevented by removing anti-pig antibodies by extracorporeal absorption prior to transplantation. A novel recombinant absorber of anti-pig antibodies was developed by fusing the cDNA encoding the extracellular part of a mucin-type protein, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, with an antibody Fc fragment cDNA, which upon coexpression with the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase carried the xenogeneic epitope, Galalpha1,3Gal (Liu J., Qian Y., Holgersson J., Transplantation 1997, 63, 1673-1682). The biochemical characterization of the mucin/Ig and its absorption efficacy compared with that of porcine thyroglobulin and Galalpha1,3Gal-conjugated beads are reported. The carbohydrate portion of the mucin/Ig constituted 43% of its molecular weight and the majority of the Galalpha1,3Gal epitopes were O-linked as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting following N-glycosidase F digestion. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of reduced and acetylated saccharides released by alpha-galactosidase treatment revealed that the fusion protein carried approximately 140 mol of terminal, alpha-linked galactose per mole protein. Based on the reduction in pig aortic endothelial cell cytotoxicity, Galalpha1,3Gal-substituted mucin/Igs on agarose beads were, on a carbohydrate molar basis, shown to be approximately 20 times more efficient than agarose-conjugated pig thyroglobulin, and approximately 5000 and 30,000 times more efficient than Galalpha1,3Gal-substituted agarose and macroporous glass beads, respectively. Structural features of the mucin backbone and its carbohydrate core saccharide chains determine the structural context, spatial orientation and spacing of Galalpha1,3Gal epitopes and are likely to explain the superior absorption efficacy of the recombinant mucin-type chimera.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Supplementary Figures 1-7, Supplementary Tables 1-2 from CD90 Expression Controls Migration and Predicts Dasatinib Response in Glioblastoma (2023)

<p>Figure S1: CD90 mRNA expression on NCI and glioma cell lines, glioma and GBM specimens; Figure S2: CD90 mRNA and protein are expressed on all GBM cells; Figure S3: Expression of adhesion/migration genes in CD90low and CD90high RNS cell lines and EMT associated genes in CD90low and CD90high GBM patients; Figure S4: CD90 affects cell-cell/matrix adhesion of U251 and U87 GBM cell lines; Figure S5: CD90 affects migration of U251, U87 and primary GBM cell lines; Figure S6: CD90 signaling involves SRC and FAK kinases; Figure S7: CD90-dependent migration involves MEK1, Rac1 and JNK signaling molecules; TABLE S1: Patients demographic and clinical characteristics; TABLE S2: Top10 genes up-regulated in CD90low and CD90high GBM patients1.</p>
<title>Bragg-grating-based Fabry-Perot sensor system for acoustic measurements</title> (1999)

We report recent work on acoustic measurements using a Bragg grating based Fabry-Perot sensor system. A single Fabry-Perot sensor using a path matched Michelson interferometer was developed, and a digital demodulation scheme based on the phase stepping technique was used to measure acoustic sound pressure from 100 Hz to 600 Hz. This sensor is designed to work in a multiplexed architecture to provide inputs to a feed-forward adaptive control system. This control system will be used to actively control the sound pressure level within an enclosure. A series of experiments were performed to investigate the possibility and potential use of this sensor system for acoustic noise detection. In this paper, we present initial test data from the prototype optical sensor microphone. We also illustrate the envisioned multiplexed sensor scheme and control system.
Influenza viruses that require 10 genomic segments as antiviral therapeutics (2019)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) encode their genome across eight, negative sense RNA segments. During viral assembly, the failure to package all eight segments, or packaging a mutated segment, renders the resulting virion incompletely infectious. It is known that the accumulation of these defective particles can limit viral disease by interfering with the spread of fully infectious particles. In order to harness this phenomenon therapeutically, we defined which viral packaging signals were amenable to duplication and developed a viral genetic platform which produced replication competent IAVs that require up to two additional artificial genome segments for full infectivity. The modified and artificial genome segments propagated by this approach are capable of acting as "decoy" segments that, when packaged by coinfecting wild-type viruses, lead to the production of non-infectious viral particles. Although IAVs which require 10 genomic segments for full infectivity are able to replicate themselves and spread in vivo, their genomic modifications render them avirulent in mice. Administration of these viruses, both prophylactically and therapeutically, was able to rescue animals from a lethal influenza virus challenge. Together, our results show that replicating IAVs designed to propagate and spread defective genomic segments represent a potent anti-influenza biological therapy that can target the conserved process of particle assembly to limit viral disease.
Cellular Pharmacology and molecular Biology of the Trabecular Meshwork Inducible glucocorticoid Response Gene Product (1997)

Studies of the effects of glucocorticoid (GC) and oxidative stress stimuli in differentiated cultures of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells have provided the rationale for our studies of a major new gene termed TIGR (trabecular meshwork inducible GC response). The TIGR clone was isolated by differential library screening using selection criteria based on the induction pattern of a new protein/glycoprotein found in HTM cultures after prolonged but not brief exposure to GCs. This GC induction pattern matched the time course and dose response required for intraocular pressure elevation in patients receiving corticosteroids. The very large, progressive induction of TIGR combined with specific structural features of its cDNA suggested that TIGR should be considered a candidate gene for outflow obstruction in glaucoma. Among the properties of TIGR cDNA were a signal sequence for secretion, several structural features for interactions with glycosaminoglycans and other glycoproteins and putative sites for cell surface interactions. In addition, the leucine zippers in the structure were related to TIGR-TIGR oligomerization that was shown to occur with native and recombinant TIGR protein. The verification that TIGR was a major stress response protein in HTM cells following hydrogen peroxide (or phorbol esters) exposure provided a potential link between GC and oxidative mechanisms thought to be involved in glaucoma pathogenesis. Pharmacological evaluation showed that basic fibroblast growth factory and transforming growth factor beta decreased the GC induction of TIGR, and certain nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs protected against both GC- and oxidation-induced stress responses in HTM cells. Our recent studies of TIGR's genomic structure have shown motifs in the promoter region that suggest a basis by which multiple hormonal/environmental stimuli can regulate TIGR production and by which putative genetic alterations could lead to an overexpression of the protein. Further application of cell biology/biochemistry, molecular biology, genetic and histological approaches will be helpful in understanding the role of TIGR in different glaucoma syndromes.
19% efficient screen- printed cells using a passivated transparent boron back surface field (2008)

Boron back surface field is a promising replacement for the industry standard screen-printed Aluminum. However, the use of boron back surface fields is largely confined to laboratory scale solar cells. In order to increase its industrial applicability, we present a method for achieving a high quality boron back surface field using a cheap and safe boron source and short diffusion time. Metal contacts are fabricated using screen-printing, and degradation of rear passivation after contact firing is minimized through optimized screen-printing of local (point) contacts on the rear. On p-type silicon wafers, this process technology has been utilized to achieve, on 4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cells, efficiency of up to 19.1% with open-circuit voltage of 650 mV.
Status, Challenges, and Perspectives of Mainstream Nitritation–Anammox for Wastewater Treatment (2018)

The nitritation-anammox process is an efficient and cost-effective approach for biological nitrogen removal, but its application in treating mainstream wastewater remains a great challenge. Mainstream nitritation-anammox processes could create opportunities for achieving energy self-sufficient, or energy-generating water resource recovery facilities. Significant advancements have been achieved via pilot- and full-scale trials to overcome the major obstacles under mainstream conditions, such as repression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, limiting the overgrowth of denitrifiers, and effective selection and retention of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria. This review paper intends to provide a detailed update of research progress on mainstream nitritation-anammox processes, discuss metabolic interactions, and examine major challenges and possible solutions towards the future development.
Electrodeposition of thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices that utilize Cd rich hg/sub 1/ /SUB x/ Cd /SUB x/ Te (1985)

Thin films of Hg /SUB 1-x/ Cd /SUB x/ Te with controlled x greater than 0.5 are cathodically deposited on a thin CdS film over a conductive film of ITO deposited on a glass substrate. Depositing a conductive film on the electro-deposited Hg /SUB 1-x/ Cd /SUB x/ Te treated to provide a Te-rich surface for a good ohmic contact forms an improved solar cell.