gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable unidirectional routing with zone routing protocol (ZRP) extensions for mobile ad-hoc networks (2002)

Ad-hoc networks consist of peer-to-peer communicating nodes that are highly mobile. As such, an ad-hoc network lacks infrastructure and the topology of the network changes dynamically. The task of routing data from a source to a destination in such a network is challenging. Several routing protocols have been proposed for wireless ad-hoc networks. Most of these protocols, however, pre-suppose the presence of bi-directional links between the nodes in the network. In reality the ad-hoc network may consist of heterogeneous nodes with different power capabilities and hence, different transmission ranges. When this is the case, a given node might be able to receive the transmission of another given node but might not be able to successfully transmit to the latter. Thus, unidirectional links are formed. Most of the current routing protocols are unsuitable for deployment when such unidirectional links are present. We consider a routing protocol called the zone routing protocol (ZRP) that has been proposed for wireless ad-hoc networks with bi-directional links. The zone routing protocol employs a hybrid proactive (table driven) and reactive (on-demand) methodology to provide scalable routing in the ad-hoc network. However, in the presence of unidirectional links some routes remain undiscovered if ZRP is used. We propose extensions to ZRP to support its deployment when unidirectional links are present. In particular, we propose a query enhancement mechanism that recursively builds partial routes to a destination. Simulation results show that even at a high mobility of 20 m/s, the queries resulting due to the enhancement mechanism result in the computation of valid routes more than 80% of the time. These results are valid even when a large number (40% of nodes have half the transmission range as that of the remaining nodes) of unidirectional links are present in the network.
Iron sensors and signals in response to iron deficiency (2014)

The transcription of genes involved in iron acquisition in plants is induced under iron deficiency, but our understanding of iron sensors and signals remains limited. Iron Deficiency-responsive Element-binding Factor 1 (IDEF1) and Hemerythrin motif-containing Really Interesting New Gene- and Zinc-finger proteins (HRZs)/BRUTUS (BTS) have recently emerged as candidate iron sensors because of their functions as potent regulators of iron deficiency responses and their iron-binding properties. IDEF1 is a central transcriptional regulator of graminaceous genes involved in iron uptake and utilization, predominantly during the early stages of iron deficiency. HRZs/BTS are E3 ubiquitin ligases and negative regulators of iron deficiency responses in both graminaceous and non-graminaceous plants. Rice OsHRZ1 and OsHRZ2 are also potent regulators of iron accumulation. Characterizing these putative iron sensors also provides clues to understanding the nature of iron signals, which may involve ionized iron itself, other metals, oxygen, redox status, heme and iron-sulfur clusters, in addition to metabolites affected by iron deficiency. Systemic iron responses may also be regulated by phloem-mobile iron and its chelators such as nicotianamine. Iron sensors and signals will be identified by demonstration of signal transmission by IDEF1, HRZs/BTS, or unknown factors.
A 2.5Gbps Burst-Mode Clock and Data Recovery Circuit (2005)

A 2.5Gbps burst-mode CDR circuit is fabricated in 0.18mum CMOS process. The data generator for this CDR circuit is presented with reduced hardware and low power dissipation. The tight timing budget of the clock generator is also relaxed. The bit error rate less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> is achieved for a PRBS of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> -1 with 500ppm frequency deviation. The area of the digital core is 0.36mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the power of 33mW/port is achieved for a 1.8V supply
A Plasmid of Streptomyces coelicolor Carrying a Chromosomal Locus and its Inter-specific Transfer (1973)

SUMMARY: A strain of Streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) was selected in which the wild-type autonomous SCPi plasmid had acquired an insertion of a region of the host chromosome bearing the cysB locus. This strain, called an SCPi′ strain by analogy with F′ strains of Escherichia coli, donated the cysB + allele very efficiently to a cysB recipient. The Cys+ progeny of such crosses were heterozygotes that gave rise to Cys– segregants by plasmid loss. Other donor markers, not carried on the plasmid, were donated with much lower frequencies. The SCPi-cysB plasmid was also donated rather efficiently to a strain of Streptomyces lividans, previously shown to receive the wild-type SCPi plasmid. Transfer back from S. lividans to S. coelicolor a3(2) occurred at a very much lower frequency.
Injectable Sacrificial Material System to Contain Ex-Vessel Molten Corium in Nuclear Accidents (2018)

An ongoing Sandia National Laboratories’ (SNL) research study is evaluating a potential design of an injectable sacrificial material (SM) system that could contain and cool corium ejected from a reactor vessel lower head failure during a potential severe accident involving melting fuel at a commercial light water nuclear reactor (LWR). An injectable system could be installed at any existing LWR, without significant modification to the cavity or to the drywell pedestal region of the plant. The conceptual design under consideration is a passive system. The SM is being optimized to quickly cool the corium mixture while creating gas to form porosity in the solid, such that subsequent water flooding can penetrate the structure and provide additional cooling. The SM would form a barrier and limit corium-concrete interactions. This three-year project takes a joint experimental and computational approach. In this paper, we will first discuss the success of our small-scale experiments conducted on the interactions between the surrogate corium material (SCM) and SM, used to evaluate the injectable concept. A larger experimental study, currently underway, will further validate the injectable concept, with a focus on accurately measuring interactions. This paper details the modeling study and its progress, including modeling the experiments on a surrogate system and extending the model to bench-scale corium flow from validation experiments. The project’s modeling studies will use the SNL engineering code suite SIERRA Mechanics to understand the interaction of injectable SM and molten corium and predict corium spreading. Spreading is modeled using a level set method to track the front in conjunction with a pressure-stabilized finite element method on the fully three-dimensional mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. Using this diffuse-interface method, the corium spreading front can be tracked and an appropriate pseudo-solidification viscosity models can be implemented to accurately model the corium spreading physics. Finally, an injectable SM delivery system is discussed along with its deployment to the six-common commercial LWR designs currently operating in the United States. At the end of this project, a simplified model based on SIERRA simulations will be developed for implementation into MELCOR, a severe reactor analysis code, developed at SNL for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This will allow us to demonstrate the ability of the injectable SM system to mitigate the ex-vessel corium spreading, provide containment and negate the release of radionuclides.
Stochastic decoding of LDPC codes (2006)

This letter presents the first successful method for iterative stochastic decoding of state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed method shows the viability of the stochastic approach for decoding LDPC codes on factor graphs. In addition, simulation results for a 200 and a 1024 length LDPC code demonstrate the near-optimal performance of this method with respect to sum-product decoding. The proposed method has a significant potential for high-throughput and/or low complexity iterative decoding.
Synthesis of β- and γ-Carbolines by the Palladium-Catalyzed Iminoannulation of Alkynes (2002)

A variety of substituted beta- and gamma-carbolines have been prepared in moderate to excellent yields by the palladium-catalyzed annulation of internal and terminal acetylenes by the tert-butylimines of N-substituted 3-iodoindole-2-carboxaldehydes and 2-haloindole-3-carboxaldehydes, respectively. This annulation chemistry is effective for a wide range of alkynes, including aryl-, alkyl-, hydroxymethyl-, ethoxycarbonyl-, and trimethylsilyl-substituted alkynes. When an unsymmetrical internal alkyne is employed, this method generally gives two regioisomers. When a terminal alkyne is employed, only one regioisomer has been isolated. This palladium-catalyzed annulation chemistry has also been successfully applied to the synthesis of two biologically interesting beta-carboline alkaloids, ZK93423 and abecarnil (ZK112119).
Development and multiplexed control of latching pneumatic valves using microfluidic logical structures (2006)

Novel latching microfluidic valve structures are developed, characterized, and controlled independently using an on-chip pneumatic demultiplexer. These structures are based on pneumatic monolithic membrane valves and depend upon their normally-closed nature. Latching valves consisting of both three- and four-valve circuits are demonstrated. Vacuum or pressure pulses as short as 120 ms are adequate to hold these latching valves open or closed for several minutes. In addition, an on-chip demultiplexer is demonstrated that requires only n pneumatic inputs to control 2(n-1) independent latching valves. These structures can reduce the size, power consumption, and cost of microfluidic analysis devices by decreasing the number of off-chip controllers. Since these valve assemblies can form the standard logic gates familiar in electronic circuit design, they should be useful in developing complex pneumatic circuits.
Charge guides pathway selection in β-sheet fibrillizing peptide co-assembly (2020)

Peptide co-assembly is attractive for creating biomaterials with new forms and functions. Emergence of these properties depends on the peptide content of the final assembled structure, which is difficult to predict in multicomponent systems. Here using experiments and simulations we show that charge governs content by affecting propensity for self- and co-association in binary CATCH(+/-) peptide systems. Equimolar mixtures of CATCH(2+/2-), CATCH(4+/4-), and CATCH(6+/6-) formed two-component β-sheets. Solid-state NMR suggested the cationic peptide predominated in the final assemblies. The cationic-to-anionic peptide ratio decreased with increasing charge. CATCH(2+) formed β-sheets when alone, whereas the other peptides remained unassembled. Fibrillization rate increased with peptide charge. The zwitterionic CATCH parent peptide, "Q11", assembled slowly and only at decreased simulation temperature. These results demonstrate that increasing charge draws complementary peptides together faster, favoring co-assembly, while like-charged molecules repel. We foresee these insights enabling development of co-assembled peptide biomaterials with defined content and predictable properties.
Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin: Oxygen Binding Properties and Respiratory Function (1988)

Lipid bilayer membranes have been used to encapsulate hemoglobin and organic phosphates, resulting in a synthetic red cell with oxygen-binding properties very similar to red blood cells (RBCs). In addition to the oxygen-binding parameters, we report here an improvement in the lipid formulation that confers upon the liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) a circulation retention half-time of 15 to 20 hours in mice. Cooperative oxygen binding of the encapsulated hemoglobin is retained and the oxygen-binding affinity can be maintained at or below the level of fresh whole blood for many weeks by co-encapsulation of an appropriate concentration of pyridoxal-5-phosphate. A comparison of the kinetics of oxygen exchange across the membranes of the synthetic red cells and RBCs indicates that the increased surface to volume ratio of the much smaller synthetic red cells, coupled with their somewhat lower concentration of hemoglobin, results in more rapid rates of oxygen uptake and release than are seen with RBCs. Efficacy studies have begun and we report here the successful transfusion of rats with LEH. After greater than 90% exchange, LEH transfused rats were able to maintain activity with normal respiratory and cardiac function parameters.
An algorithm for the unsupervised learning of morphology (2006)

This paper describes in detail an algorithm for the unsupervised learning of natural language morphology, with emphasis on challenges that are encountered in languages typologically similar to European languages. It utilizes the Minimum Description Length analysis described in Goldsmith (2001), and has been implemented in software that is available for downloading and testing.
High-power extended-cavity laser at 1.3 μm with a single-mode fiber output port (1987)

We describe a high-power extended-cavity laser which uses a multiple transverse mode laser as the gain medium and an intracavity single-mode fiber for mode stabilization. The laser delivers up to 30 mW to a single-mode fiber.
Novel wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing inside a fiber Raman laser composed of a highly-nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber (2004)

Novel wavelength conversion technique by four-wave mixing inside a fiber Raman laser is proposed. By adopting highly-nonlinear dispersion shifted fibers, a high conversion efficiency and a wide conversion bandwidth are realized without an optical amplifier.
Sequence Design for a Test Tube of Interacting Nucleic Acid Strands (2014)

We describe an algorithm for designing the equilibrium base-pairing properties of a test tube of interacting nucleic acid strands. A target test tube is specified as a set of desired "on-target" complexes, each with a target secondary structure and target concentration, and a set of undesired "off-target" complexes, each with vanishing target concentration. Sequence design is performed by optimizing the test tube ensemble defect, corresponding to the concentration of incorrectly paired nucleotides at equilibrium evaluated over the ensemble of the test tube. To reduce the computational cost of accepting or rejecting mutations to a random initial sequence, the structural ensemble of each on-target complex is hierarchically decomposed into a tree of conditional subensembles, yielding a forest of decomposition trees. Candidate sequences are evaluated efficiently at the leaf level of the decomposition forest by estimating the test tube ensemble defect from conditional physical properties calculated over the leaf subensembles. As optimized subsequences are merged toward the root level of the forest, any emergent defects are eliminated via ensemble redecomposition and sequence reoptimization. After successfully merging subsequences to the root level, the exact test tube ensemble defect is calculated for the first time, explicitly checking for the effect of the previously neglected off-target complexes. Any off-target complexes that form at appreciable concentration are hierarchically decomposed, added to the decomposition forest, and actively destabilized during subsequent forest reoptimization. For target test tubes representative of design challenges in the molecular programming and synthetic biology communities, our test tube design algorithm typically succeeds in achieving a normalized test tube ensemble defect ≤1% at a design cost within an order of magnitude of the cost of test tube analysis.
Electrical Detection of Charge-to-spin and Spin-to-Charge Conversion in a Topological Insulator Bi2Te3 Using BN/Al2O3 Hybrid Tunnel Barrier (2018)

One of the most striking properties of three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is spin-momentum locking, where the spin is locked at right angles to momentum and hence an unpolarized charge current creates a net spin polarization. Alternatively, if a net spin is injected into the TI surface state system, it is distinctively associated with a unique carrier momentum and hence should generate a charge accumulation, as in the so-called inverse Edelstein effect. Here using a Fe/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/BN tunnel barrier, we demonstrate both effects in a single device in Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>: the electrical detection of the spin accumulation generated by an unpolarized current flowing through the surface states, and that of the charge accumulation generated by spins injected into the surface state system. This work is the first to utilize BN as part of a hybrid tunnel barrier on TI, where we observed a high spin polarization of 93% for the TI surfaces states. The reverse spin-to-charge measurement is an independent confirmation that spin and momentum are locked in the surface states of TI, and offers additional avenues for spin manipulation. It further demonstrates the robustness and versatility of electrical access to the spin system within TI surface states, an important step towards its utilization in TI-based spintronics devices.
Improving FAIMS sensitivity using a planar geometry with slit interfaces (2009)

Differential mobility spectrometry or field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is gaining broad acceptance for analyses of gas-phase ions, especially in conjunction with largely orthogonal separation methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and/or conventional (drift tube) ion mobility spectrometry. In FAIMS, ions are filtered while passing through a gap between two electrodes that may have planar or curved (in particular, cylindrical) geometry. Despite substantial inherent advantages of the planar configuration and its near-universal adoption in current stand-alone FAIMS devices, commercial FAIMS/MS systems have employed curved FAIMS geometries that can be more effectively interfaced to MS. Here we report a new planar (p-) FAIMS design with slit-shaped entrance and exit apertures that substantially increase ion transmission in and out of the analyzer. The entrance slit interface effectively couples p-FAIMS to multi-emitter electrospray ionization (ESI) sources, improving greatly the ion current introduced to the device and allowing liquid flow rates up to approximately 50 microL/min. The exit slit interface increases the transmission of ribbon-shaped ion beams output by the p-FAIMS to downstream stages such as a MS. Overall, the ion signal in ESI/FAIMS/MS analyses increases by over an order of magnitude without affecting FAIMS resolution.
Gene Vaccination to Bias the Immune Response to Amyloid-β Peptide as Therapy for Alzheimer Disease (2004)

Gene-gun-administered genetic immunization with the Abeta(42) gene in wild-type BALB/c and AD transgenic mice can effectively elicit humoral immune responses without a significant T-cell-mediated immune response to the Abeta peptide. This immunotherapeutic approach could provide an alternative active immunization method for therapy and prevention of AD.
Combinatorial photoclickable peptide microarrays for high throughput screening of 3-D cellular microenvironments (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Structure-Activity Relationships Among a New Class of Antiviral Heterosubstituted 2′,3′-Dideoxynucleoside Analogues (1995)

Abstract 3′-Oxa-4′-thiocytidine nucleoside analogues 14–17 were prepared from oxathiolanes 10 and 11, and evaluated for activity against HIV-1 and HBV in vitro. The nucleoside analogues were found to possess potent activities against HIV-1 in a panel of cell lines. Compound 16 is moderately active against HBV in 2.2.15 cells.
Hair Follicle Stem Cells and Regeneration Therapy (2006)

At present, there is great expectation placed on regeneration therapy by utilizing stem cells. In the dermatological field, much progress has been made in research on hair follicle stem cells recently. The technologies to separate hair follicle stem cells from mouse and human skin have been develope...
<title>Ultrawideband synthetic vision sensor for airborne wire detection</title> (1998)

A low cost, miniature ultra wideband (UWB) radar has demonstrated the ability to detect suspended wires and other small obstacles at distances exceeding several hundred feet using an average output power of less than 10 microwatts. Originally developed as a high precision UWB radar altimeter for the Navy's Program Executive Office for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Cruise Missiles, an improved sensitivity version was recently developed for the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC Dahlgren Division) as part of the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory's Hummingbird program for rotary wing platforms. Utilizing a short pulse waveform of approximately 2.5 nanoseconds in duration, the receiver processor exploits the leading edge of the radar return pulse to achieve range resolutions of less than one foot. The resultant 400 MHz bandwidth spectrum produces both a broad frequency excitation for enhanced detection, as well as a low probability of intercept and detection (LPI/D) signature for covert applications. This paper describes the design and development of the ultra wideband sensor, as well as performance results achieved during field testing at NSWC's Dahlgren, VA facility. These results are compared with those achieved with a high resolution EHF radar and a laser-based detection system.
Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of Valopicitabine (NM283), an Efficient Prodrug of the Potent Anti-HCV Agent 2‘-<i>C</i>-Methylcytidine (2006)

In our search for new therapeutic agents against chronic hepatitis C, a ribonucleoside analogue, 2‘-C-methylcytidine, was discovered to be a potent and selective inhibitor in cell culture of a number of RNA viruses, including the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus (HCV), and three flaviviruses, namely, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and dengue-2 virus. However, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that 2‘-C-methylcytidine suffers from a low oral bioavailability. To overcome this limitation, we have synthesized the 3‘-O-l-valinyl ester derivative (dihydrochloride form, valopicitabine, NM283) of 2‘-C-methylcytidine. We detail herein for the first time the chemical synthesis and physicochemical characteristics of this anti-HCV prodrug candidate, as well as a comparative study of its pharmacokinetic parameters with those of its parent nucleoside analogue, 2‘-C-methylcytidine.
An automated method for analysis of microcirculation videos for accurate assessment of tissue perfusion (2012)

An entirely automated system for analyzing microcirculation videos to reduce human interaction and computation time is developed. The algorithm successfully stabilizes video recordings, segments blood vessels, identifies vessels without flow and calculates FCD in a fully automated process. The automated process provides an equal or better separation between healthy and hemorrhagic FCD values compared to currently available semi-automatic techniques. The proposed method shows promise for the quantitative measurement of changes occurring in microcirculation during injury.