gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of NaCl Concentration on Salting‐in and Dilution During Salting‐out on Soy Protein Fractionation (2006)

ABSTRACT: Glycinin and β‐conglycinin are the main storage proteins in soybeans that can be fractionated by using alkali extraction, SO 2 , salting‐in with NaCl, salting‐out by dilution and pH adjustment to produce a glycinin‐rich fraction, a β‐conglycinin–rich fraction, and an intermediate fraction, which is a mixture of the two proteins. Two different strategies were employed to optimize the procedure to achieve high efficiency in recovering the β‐conglycinin–rich fraction. The first strategy was to optimize salting‐in effects of NaCl, and the effects of NaCl concentration on the yields and purities of the protein fractions were investigated. The maximum protein yield of the β‐conglycinin–rich fraction was obtained at 500 mM NaCl, but at the expense of purity. The optimum NaCl concentration was 250 mM, at which good protein yield (18.5%) and purity (84.5%) were achieved. At higher NaCl concentrations, the protein yields of the intermediate fractions were significantly lower, and the protein loss in the whey fraction increased. The second strategy was to improve the salting‐out step for the β‐conglycinin–rich fraction. At 0‐ and 0.5‐fold dilution, the purities and yields of the β‐conglycinin–rich fractions were significantly lower than at 1.0‐ and 2.0‐fold dilution. There were no differences in protein yields or purities when using 1.0‐ or 2.0‐fold dilution. According to these results, the recommended NaCl concentration for the salting‐in step is 250 mM and the dilution factor for salting‐out is 1.0.
Attenuation of the hypoxia-induced protein kinase Cδ interaction with the ‘d’ subunit of F1Fo-ATP synthase in neonatal cardiac myocytes: implications for energy preservation and survival (2010)

The F1Fo-ATP synthase provides most of the heart's energy, yet events that alter its function during injury are poorly understood. Recently, we described a potent inhibitory effect on F1Fo-ATP synthase function mediated by the interaction of PKCdelta (protein kinase Cdelta) with dF1Fo ('d' subunit of the F1Fo-ATPase/ATP synthase). We have now developed novel peptide modulators which facilitate or inhibit the PKCdelta-dF1Fo interaction. These peptides include HIV-Tat (transactivator of transcription) protein transduction and mammalian mitochondrial-targeting sequences. Pre-incubation of NCMs (neonatal cardiac myocyte) with 10 nM extracellular concentrations of the mitochondrial-targeted PKCdelta-dF1Fo interaction inhibitor decreased Hx (hypoxia)-induced co-IP (co-immunoprecipitation) of PKCdelta with dF1Fo by 40+/-9%, abolished Hx-induced inhibition of F1Fo-ATPase activity, attenuated Hx-induced losses in F1Fo-derived ATP and protected against Hx- and reperfusion-induced cell death. A scrambled-sequence (inactive) peptide, which contained HIV-Tat and mitochondrial-targeting sequences, was without effect. In contrast, the cell-permeant mitochondrial-targeted PKCdelta-dF1Fo facilitator peptide, which we have shown previously to induce the PKCdelta-dF1Fo co-IP, was found to inhibit F1Fo-ATPase activity to an extent similar to that caused by Hx alone. The PKCdelta-dF1Fo facilitator peptide also decreased ATP levels by 72+/-18% under hypoxic conditions in the presence of glycolytic inhibition. None of the PKCdelta-dF1Fo modulatory peptides altered the inner mitochondrial membrane potential. Our studies provide the first evidence that disruption of the PKCdelta-dF1Fo interaction using cell-permeant mitochondrial-targeted peptides attenuates cardiac injury resulting from prolonged oxygen deprivation.
Identification and characterisation of a novel anti-viral peptide against avian influenza virus H9N2 (2009)

Our findings show that we have successfully identified a novel antiviral peptide against avian influenza virus H9N2 which act by binding with the hemagglutination protein of the virus. The broad spectrum activity of the peptide molecule against various subtypes of the avian and human influenza viruses and its comparative efficiency against currently available anti-influenza drugs are yet to be explored.
Integrated holographic grating chip for surface plasmon resonance sensing (2004)

A new compact surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is presented. The integrated design employs two surface relief gratings imprinted in an injection-molded polymer chip. These gratings replace the traditional glass components usually found in existing SPR sensor systems and offer a low-cost, compact, and robust SPR system with high performance.
Applicability of GPU Computing for Efficient Merge in In-Memory Databases (2011)

Column oriented in-memory databases typically use dictionary compression to reduce the overall storage space and allow fast lookup and comparison. However, there is a high performance cost for updates since the dictionary, used for compression, has to be recreated each time records are created, updated or deleted. This has to be taken into account for TPC-C like workloads with around 45 % of all queries being transactional modifications. A technique called differential updates can be used to allow faster modifications. In addition to the main storage, the database then maintains a delta storage to accommodate modifying queries. During the merge process, the modifications of the delta are merged with the main storage in parallel to the normal operation of the database. Current hardware and software trends suggest that this problem can be tackled by massively parallelizing the merge process. One approach to massive parallelism are GPUs that offer order of magnitudes more cores than modern CPUs. Therefore, we analyze the feasibility of a parallel GPU merge implementation and its potential speedup. We found that the maximum potential merge speedup is limited since only two of its four stages are likely to benefit from parallelization. We present a parallel dictionary slice merge algorithm as well as an alternative parallel merge algorithm for GPUs that achieves up to 40 % more throughput than its CPU implementation. In addition, we propose a parallel duplicate removal algorithm that achieves up to 27 times the throughput of the CPU implementation. 1.
The Effect of Outer Space and Other Environmental Cues on Bacterial Conjugation (2023)

Bacterial conjugation is one of the most abundant horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms, playing a fundamental role in prokaryote evolution. A better understanding of bacterial conjugation and its cross talk with the environment is needed for a more complete understanding of HGT mechanisms and to fight the dissemination of malicious genes between bacteria. Here, we studied the effect of outer space, microgravity, and additional key environmental cues on transfer (<i>tra)</i> gene expression and conjugation efficiency, using the under studied broad-host range plasmid pN3, as a model. High resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed the morphology of the pN3 conjugative pili and mating pair formation during conjugation. Using a nanosatellite carrying a miniaturized lab, we studied pN3 conjugation in outer space, and used qRT-PCR, Western blotting and mating assays to determine the effect of ground physicochemical parameters on <i>tra</i> gene expression and conjugation. We showed for the first time that bacterial conjugation can occur in outer space and on the ground, under microgravity-simulated conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microgravity, liquid media, elevated temperature, nutrient depletion, high osmolarity and low oxygen significantly reduce pN3 conjugation. Interestingly, under some of these conditions we observed an inverse correlation between <i>tra</i> gene transcription and conjugation frequency and found that induction of at least <i>traK</i> and <i>traL</i> can negatively affect pN3 conjugation frequency in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results uncover pN3 regulation by various environmental cues and highlight the diversity of conjugation systems and the different ways in which they may be regulated in response to abiotic signals. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Bacterial conjugation is a highly ubiquitous and promiscuous process, by which a donor bacterium transfers a large portion of genetic material to a recipient cell. This mechanism of horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in bacterial evolution and in the ability of bacteria to acquire resistance to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants. Bacterial conjugation is a complex and energy-consuming process, that is tightly regulated and largely affected by various environmental signals sensed by the bacterial cell. Comprehensive knowledge about bacterial conjugation and the ways it is affected by environmental cues is required to better understand bacterial ecology and evolution and to find new effective ways to counteract the threating dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial populations. Moreover, characterizing this process under stress or suboptimal growth conditions such as elevated temperatures, high salinity or in the outer space, may provide insights relevant to future habitat environmental conditions.
A Strong and Efficient Baseline for Vehicle Re-Identification Using Deep Triplet Embedding (2019)

Abstract In this paper we tackle the problem of vehicle re-identification in a camera network utilizing triplet embeddings. Re-identification is the problem of matching appearances of objects across different cameras. With the proliferation of surveillance cameras enabling smart and safer cities, there is an ever-increasing need to re-identify vehicles across cameras. Typical challenges arising in smart city scenarios include variations of viewpoints, illumination and self occlusions. Most successful approaches for re-identification involve (deep) learning an embedding space such that the vehicles of same identities are projected closer to one another, compared to the vehicles representing different identities. Popular loss functions for learning an embedding (space) include contrastive or triplet loss. In this paper we provide an extensive evaluation of triplet loss applied to vehicle re-identification and demonstrate that using the recently proposed sampling approaches for mining informative data points outperform most of the existing state-of-the-art approaches for vehicle re-identification. Compared to most existing state-of-the-art approaches, our approach is simpler and more straightforward for training utilizing only identity-level annotations, along with one of the smallest published embedding dimensions for efficient inference. Furthermore in this work we introduce a formal evaluation of a triplet sampling variant (batch sample) into the re-identification literature. In addition to the conference version [24], this submission adds extensive experiments on new released datasets, cross domain evaluations and ablation studies.
Toward Personalized Cell Therapies: Autologous Menstrual Blood Cells for Stroke (2011)

Cell therapy has been established as an important field of research with considerable progress in the last years. At the same time, the progressive aging of the population has highlighted the importance of discovering therapeutic alternatives for diseases of high incidence and disability, such as stroke. Menstrual blood is a recently discovered source of stem cells with potential relevance for the treatment of stroke. Migration to the infarct site, modulation of the inflammatory reaction, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and possible differentiation warrant these cells as therapeutic tools. We here propose the use of autologous menstrual blood cells in the restorative treatment of the subacute phase of stroke. We highlight the availability, proliferative capacity, pluripotency, and angiogenic features of these cells and explore their mechanistic pathways of repair. Practical aspects of clinical application of menstrual blood cells for stroke will be discussed, from cell harvesting and cryopreservation to administration to the patient.
Patient specific ankle-foot orthoses using rapid prototyping (2011)

The rapidly prototyped orthoses fabricated in this study provided good fit of the subject's anatomy compared to a prefabricated AFO while delivering comparable function (i.e. mechanical effect on the biomechanics of gait). The rapid fabrication capability is of interest because it has potential for decreasing fabrication time and cost especially when a replacement of the orthosis is required.
A novel optical modulator system with enhanced linearization properties (1991)

The authors propose a novel optical modulator system that has the properties of having a null third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD); a spurious signal free dynamic range in excess of 100 dB as determined by the second-, fourth-, and fifth-order IMD; and a linear dynamic range of 2.46 radians. It is shown that a combination of a tandem of two directional couplers has the property of eliminating completely third-order IMD term, gives a large spurious signal free dynamic range, and provides a simple and practical solution to the problem of linearization of optical modulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA Vaccines Designed to Inhibit Tumor Growth by Suppression of Angiogenesis (2004)

The development of new blood vessels, i.e. angiogenesis, is a rate-limiting step in the development of tumors since tumor growth is generally limited to 1-2 mm3 in the absence of a blood supply. Thus, the inhibition of tumor growth by attacking the tumor's vascular supply offers a primary target for antiangiogenic intervention by DNA-based vaccines. Here, we describe two novel orally delivered DNA vaccines which suppress tumor angiogenesis and induce a robust cell-mediated immune response that provides for long-lived protection against melanoma, colon, breast and non-small-cell lung carcinoma in mouse model systems. These vaccines, which are delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to secondary lymphoid organs, are directed against such targets as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (FLK-1) and transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1). Both vaccines break peripheral T cell tolerance against these self-antigens and induce a robust T cell-mediated immune response leading to suppression of tumor angiogenesis and resulting in effective suppression of tumor growth and metastases. Such research efforts may open up new possibilities for the rational design of future DNA vaccines effective for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Transdermal Dual-Controlled Delivery of Testosterone and Estradiol: (I) Impact of system Design (1991)

A multilaminate-type transdermal drug delivery (m-TDD) system was designed with the objective of delivering testosterone and estradiol simultaneously but at different daily dosage rates. To achieve such a dual-controlled transdermal delivery, skin permeation enhancer and permselective membrane were incorporated into the system. The results demonstrated that skin permeation enhancer, which is incorporated into the testosterone reservoir layer, and permselective membrane, which is added onto the drugreleasing surface of estradiol reservoir layer, can both alter the overall rate of skin permeation for both drugs. The skin permeation enhancer was observed to enhance the skin permeation rate of testosterone, while the permselective membrane was shown to reduce the skin permeation rate of estradiol. The addition of permselective membrane was observed to modify the release kinetics of estradiol from the matrix diffusion-controlled drug delivery to membrane permeation-controlled drug delivery. Other factors which may affect the deliver rate of drug, e.g., the thickness of permselective membrane and loading dose of drugs, were also studied. Furthermore, evaluation of physical stability of this mTDD system demonstrated that the inter-layer migration of drugs is at minimum.
A chemoenzymatic method to prepare gram‐scale Allium organosulfur compounds and their presumptive metabolic products, and associated biological activities (2010)

The health benefits of Allium vegetables are widely attributed to the organosulfur compounds called thiosulfinates (TS) and related species. The lack of suitable methods to prepare TS in adequate yield has hampered the evaluation of their biological activity and therapeutic effect. We describe a simple enzymatic method using Allium tissue homogenates as a reaction system to prepare gram‐scale TS, including those enriched in 1‐propenyl groups which are particularly difficult to obtain. The cysteine and glutathione mixed disulfide conjugates of TS (CySSR/GSSR, R = methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1‐propenyl, allyl) were also prepared as they are likely in vivo metabolic products of TS. The respective cancer chemoprotective and anti‐inflammatory activities of TS and CySSR/GSSR were evaluated using quinone reductase (QR, phase II enzymes biomarker) induction, and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) evolution in cellular assays. All TS and CySSR/GSSR species induced QR activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells and inhibited NO evolution in LPS‐stimulated macrophages. Among the conjugates, the 1‐propenyl species (CySSPe and GSSPe) representative of onion exhibited the biological activities as or more potent than the 2‐propenyl (allyl) derivatives (CySSA and GSSA) representative of garlic, indicating the potential for these components as dietary vehicles for promoting health. Supported by USDA‐NRI‐CGP.
Enabling distributed spacecraft system operations with the crosslink transceiver (2003)

This research details the development and performance of the crosslink transceiver, an integrated navigation and communication system that enables distributed spacecraft system operations. The crosslink transceiver is a modular, extensible system that supports science operations among multiple, distributed space assets by implementing the essential functions of navigation, communication and control. Distributed spacecraft systems, also called formation flying systems, extend the capabilities of single-spacecraft missions by providing a platform for complex sensing tasks, including multipoint observation, co-observation, and distributed apertures. To accomplish these tasks, such systems rely on the ability to communicate science and coordination information, to determine relative position, velocity and time for command and control operations, and to operate in a coordinated manner to achieve common mission goals. The utility of the crosslink transceiver to support these operations is established by demonstrating its applicability to near-term science and military missions.
Liquid crystal Fresnel lens display (2016)

A novel see-through display with a liquid crystal lens array was proposed. A liquid crystal Fresnel lens display (LCFLD) with a holographic screen was demonstrated. The proposed display system has high efficiency, simple fabrication, and low manufacturing cost due to the absence of a polarizer and color filter.
Botcinolide: A Biologically Active Natural Product from<i>Botrytis cinerea</i> (1993)

A novel biologically active natural product was isolated from a strain of Botrytis cinerea found on cultivated raspberry fruit (Rubus ideaus) upon fermentation in a liquid medium. Following a bioassay-directed purification process, the final product was an amorphous solid with the molecular formula C20H34O8, and is trivially named botcinolide. It significantly inhibited etiolated wheat coleoptile growth at 10−3 and 10−4 M by 100 and 82% respectively, relative to the controls. Greenhouse-grown bean, corn, and tobacco plants were affected by treating with botcinolide, and exhibited chlorosis and severe necrosis at 10−2 and 10−3 M. The structure is a new hydroxylated nonalactone that is esterified with 4-hydroxy-2-octenoic acid.
Detecting Symmetries and Curvilinear Arrangements in Vector Art (2009)

Abstract Understanding symmetries and arrangements in existing content is the first step towards providing higher level content aware editing capabilities. Such capabilities may include edits that both preserve existing structure as well as synthesize entirely new structures based on the extracted pattern rules. In this paper we show how to detect regular symmetries and arrangement along curved segments in vector art. We determine individual elements in the art by using the transformation similarity for sequences of sample points on the input curves. Then we detect arrangements of those elements along an arbitrary curved path. We can un‐warp the arrangement path to detect symmetries near the path. We introduce novel applications inform of editing elements that are arranged along a curved path. This includes their sliding along the path, changing of their spacing, or their scale. We also allow the user to brush the elements that the system recognized along new paths.
A split manufacturing approach for unclonable chipless RFIDs for pharmaceutical supply chain security (2017)

Today's pharmaceutical supply chain suffers from counterfeiting and theft issues, which not only compromise the profits and reputations of manufacturers, distributors, and retailers, but also pose a threat to consumer safety and public health. Track-and-trace techniques form the foundation for an improved supply chain by enabling supply chain owners and/or participants to systematically detect and control counterfeiting, theft, etc., but existing approaches (barcodes, QR codes, and IC-based RFID) are too costly, inconvenient, unreliable, or insecure. While an improvement, existing chipless RFID tags are limited by their complex manufacturing process, large tag area, small identifier (ID) size, and vulnerability to cloning attack. In addition, the pharmaceutical industry lacks a simple and effective way to enable pill-level traceability. To address these problems, we propose a new split manufacturing based pill-level unclonable chipless RFID (pill-level UCR) tag that intrinsically generates a unique ID from multiple entropy sources. Pill-level UCR tag consists of two parts: (i) a certain number of concentric ring slot resonators integrated on the external surface of each plastic cavity or pocket of blister pack that packages pharmaceutical tablets; and (ii) nontoxic silver particles of random quantity with random diameters filled in random places of each pharmaceutical tablet. The diameter of pill-level UCR tag is as small as 10 mm. Simulation results based on CST Microwave Studio 2015 have verified the effectiveness and reliability of pill-level UCR tags.
Reference Feedforward in the Idle Speed Control of a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine (2005)

The direct-injection spark-ignition engine has emerged as a focus of research in improving fuel economy and controlling emissions. This engine can operate in multiple modes, including a stratified charge mode with an air-fuel ratio as large as 50:1. Operating in stratified mode results in improved fuel economy and reduced CO/sub 2/ emissions. The stratified charge mode is employed during low speed and load conditions, such as during engine idle. The idle speed control problem is cast as a two-input-two-output control problem and a baseline feedback controller is developed based on an existing topology from the literature. Significant delays, however, inhibit our ability to improve the transient response via feedback alone. An improved scheme employing reference feedforward is proposed and several potential topologies are presented. A reference feedforward algorithm is derived and nonlinear simulation results are shown in which the system transient responses are improved considerably.