gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in Metabolites in Pain-Processing Brain Regions in Patients With Diabetes and Painful Neuropathy (2008)

Subjects with diabetes have metabolite differences in the brain compared with control subjects. Subjects with painful neuropathy showed reduced NAA in the thalamus, which may explain the genesis of pain in some cases.
Using Relaxation Imagery with Children with Malignancies: A Developmental Perspective (1982)

Abstract Developmental theory has been the foundation for this program of relaxation — imagery therapy with its goal of increasing the efficacy of immune mechanisms, thus increasing the survival rate of children with malignancies and/or improving the comfort and quality of their lives. Three basic constructs — the impact of social stress, the positive development of attachment and the negative effects of separation and loss, and the stages of concept formation relating to the functioning of the human body, the processes of disease and death — are basic approaches to the use of imagery — relaxation as an integral part of a comprehensive care plan.
9.8 A Low-Cost 4-Channel Reconfigurable Audio Interface for Car Entertainment Systems (2020)

A trend in today's car entertainment systems is the increase of features like multistandard radio, parallel-channel radio reception [1], noise cancellation, HD audio and more audio interfacing possibilities. This asks for more signal processing, and therefore, a move to more expensive deep-submicron technologies. This puts pressure on the area that can be spent on the increasing number of audio interfaces to enable competitive application costs. In this paper an automotive-grade, 4-channel ΔΣ ADC is presented that has a large feature set, and is very competitive in performance, area, power and external component count. It supports 44.1/48/96/192kHz audio, in rail-to-rail, single-ended, pseudo differential (floating source) and differential configurations. The ADC can be reconfigured as a rail-to-rail low-impedance DAC line output, to directly drive the speaker drivers in the car (the paper will focus on the ADC, as the DAC is included in the ADC performance). A high-impedance ADC input is required to avoid common-mode currents entering the chip in (pseudo) differential mode, and for direct interfacing with microphones. For a ΔΣ ADC, the combination of a high-impedance input combined with low 1/f noise comsuming low area is very challenging. Choppers can be used to break the area-performance trade-off, but chopping a rail-to-rail ΔΣ ADC input gives rise to non-linearity and high frequency quantization noise folding. A power-efficient solution is presented in [2], in which noise folding is tackled by using an FIR filter in the ΔΣ ADC feedback loop. The FIR filter rejects the quantization noise at the fold frequencies, avoiding fold back. However, the FIR notches provide no feedback at the notch frequencies, and the ΔΣ ADC is open-loop at those frequencies. This causes overload when an input signal is applied at, or close to the notch frequencies. Furthermore, [2] lacks a high-impedance input and is large in area. Reference [3] sets the state-of-the-art for audio converters, making a very good area-performance trade-off, by using a SAR-ΔΣ hybrid ADC architecture, inverter-based integrators, and correlated double sampling to get rid of 1/f noise. But unfortunately, it also lacks a high-impedance input.
Group Sparse Representation With WaveNet Vocoder Adaptation for Spectrum and Prosody Conversion (2019)

The statistical approach to voice conversion typically consists of a feature conversion module followed by a vocoder. So far, the feature conversion studies are mainly focused on the conversion of spectrum. However, speaker identity is also characterized by prosodic features, such as fundamental frequency F0 and energy contour among others. In this paper, we study the transformation of speaker characteristics both in terms of spectrum and prosody. We propose two novel techniques that effectively use a limited amount of source-target training data and leverage a large general speech corpus to improve the voice conversion quality. First, we study the phonetic sparse representation under the group sparsity mathematical formulation. We use phonetic posteriorgrams PPGs together with spectral and prosody features to form tandem feature in the phonetic dictionary. The tandem feature allow us to estimate an activation matrix that is less dependent on source speakers, thus providing a better voice conversion quality. Second, we study the use of WaveNet vocoder that can be trained on general speech corpus from multiple speakers and adapted on target speaker data to improve the vocoding quality. We benefit from the large general speech databases that are used to train the PPG generator, and the WaveNet vocoder. The experiments show that the proposed conversion framework outperforms the traditional spectrum and prosody conversion techniques in both objective and subjective evaluations.
Polymerization for Highly Selective SiO<sub>2</sub> Plasma Etching (1993)

In this letter, we report the relationships between polymerization on Si substrates and the generation ratio for reactive species in fluorocarbon plasma, and reveal essential points for SiO 2 etching selectivity to underlying Si. The SiO 2 etching selectivity to underlying Si is determined by both the fluoropolymer deposition rate and the sputtering rate on underlying Si. The sputtering rate strongly depends on the F atom concentration in the polymer. Conversely, the deposition rate depends on the CF 2 radical density in the plasma. Therefore, control of the generation ratio of CF 2 radicals to F atoms is needed to realize highly selective SiO 2 etching.
Advanced power control techniques for interference mitigation in dense 802.11 networks (2013)

In this paper we propose an enhanced Transmit Power Control (TPC) scheme and a new fractional Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision A voidance (F-CSMA/CA) scheme for use in a dense 802.11 network. The new schemes improve the energy normalized Media Access Control Goodput performance in networks with overlapping Basic Service Sets (OBSSs) by mitigating the interference effect using TPC and reducing interference generated during neighboring BSS-edge transmission using inter-cell coordination. The scheme works seamlessly with a CSMA/CA multiple access technique, and is suitable for evolution of future WLAN systems such as IEEE 802.11ah [4], and High Efficiency WiFi (HEW) [5]. Numerical results demonstrate an increase in the normalized good put of up to 80% in downlink transmission and 100% in uplink transmission over existing schemes.
Amino Acid Composition, Molecular Weight Distribution and Gel Electrophoresis of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Proteins and Protein Fractionations (2014)

As a by-product of oil production, walnut proteins are considered as an additional source of plant protein for human food. To make full use of the protein resource, a comprehensive understanding of composition and characteristics of walnut proteins are required. Walnut proteins have been fractionated and characterized in this study. Amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution and gel electrophoresis of walnut proteins and protein fractionations were analyzed. The proteins were sequentially separated into four fractions according to their solubility. Glutelin was the main component of the protein extract. The content of glutelin, albumin, globulin and prolamin was about 72.06%, 7.54%, 15.67% and 4.73% respectively. Glutelin, albumin and globulin have a balanced content of essential amino acids, except for methionine, with respect to the FAO pattern recommended for adults. SDS-PAGE patterns of albumin, globulin and glutelin showed several polypeptides with molecular weights 14.4 to 66.2 kDa. The pattern of walnut proteins in two-dimension electrophoresis (2-DE) showed that the isoelectric point was mainly in the range of 4.8-6.8. The results of size exclusion chromatogram indicated molecular weight of the major components of walnut proteins were between 3.54 and 81.76 kDa.
Helicase-inactivating mutations as a basis for dominant negative phenotypes (2010)

There is ample evidence from studies of both unicellular and multicellular organisms that helicase-inactivating mutations lead to cellular dysfunction and disease phenotypes. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the basis for abnormal phenotypes linked to mutations in genes encoding DNA helicases. Recent evidence demonstrates that a clinically relevant patient missense mutation in Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group J exerts detrimental effects on the biochemical activities of the FANCJ helicase, and these molecular defects are responsible for aberrant genomic stability and a poor DNA damage response. The ability of FANCJ to use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to produce the force required to unwind duplex or G-quadruplex DNA structures or destabilize protein bound to DNA is required for its DNA repair functions in vivo. Strikingly, helicase-inactivating mutations can exert a spectrum of dominant negative phenotypes, indicating that expression of the mutant helicase protein potentially interferes with normal DNA metabolism and has an effect on basic cellular processes such as DNA replication, the DNA damage response and protein trafficking. This review emphasizes that future studies of clinically relevant mutations in helicase genes will be important to understand the molecular pathologies of the associated diseases and their impact on heterozygote carriers.
Imaging Informatics: Toward Capturing and Processing Semantic Information in Radiology Images (2010)

Imaging informatics is beginning to develop and apply knowledge representation and analysis methods to image datasets. This type of work, already commonplace in biomedical research with large scale molecular and clinical datasets, will lead to new ways for computers to work with image data. The new advances hold promise for integrating imaging with the rest of the patient record as well as molecular data, for new data-driven discoveries in imaging analogous to that in bioinformatics, and for improved quality of radiology practice.
Cleavage of the polysialosyl units of brain glycoproteins by a bacteriophage endosialidase. Involvement of a long oligosaccharide segment in molecular interactions of polysialic acid. (1985)

Polysialosyl chains containing alpha 2-8-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid have been suggested to modulate the biological activity of a neural cell adhesion molecule. Polysialosyl glycopeptides isolated from developing brain were incubated with a bacteriophage containing endosialidase. Sialic acid oligomers up to 7 residues long were liberated both from the glycopeptides and colominic acid. The substrate specificity of the endosialidase was studied with sialic acid oligomers of different sizes prepared from colominic acid. It was found that the endosialidase required the simultaneous presence adjacent to the site of cleavage a minimum of 3 sialic acid residues on the distal side and a minimum of 5 sialic acid residues on the proximal (reducing end) side. From the fragments liberated by the enzyme the existence of polysialic acid chains up to at least 12 residues long in the glycopeptides were concluded. This was also supported by the interaction of the glycopeptides with a meningococcal group B polysaccharide antiserum, which was found to require 10 residues or more for binding. The results indicate that the brain polysialosyl glycopeptides contain a long polysialic acid segment, which is also specifically needed for certain molecular interactions. The implications of the findings for the biological properties of the neural cell adhesion molecule are discussed.
Applications and safety considerations of<i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i>as a probiotic in animal and human health (2017)

The goals of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the application of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in animals and humans, and to address safety concerns with its use on live hosts. Overall, several strains of L. salivarius are well established probiotics with multiple applications in animal health, particularly to reduce colonization by gastrointestinal pathogens, and to a lesser extent, as a production and quality aid. In humans, L. salivarius has been used to prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases, including asthma, cancer, atopic dermatitis and halitosis, and to a much limited extent, to prevent or treat infections. Based on the results from primary research evidence, it seems that L. salivarius does not pose a health risk to animals or humans in the doses currently used for a variety of applications; however, there is a systematic lack of studies assuring the safety of many of the strains intended for clinical use. This review provides researchers in the field with up-to-date information regarding applications and safety of L. salivarius. Furthermore, it helps researchers identify knowledge gaps and potential opportunities for microbiological and clinical research.
Validating Secure Connections between Wireless Devices in Pervasive Computing Using Data Matrix (2008)

This paper describes the techniques for establishing secure associations between mobile devices in pervasive computing where the communications are often established with minimal priori knowledge. An improved method for securing the association by comparing a hashed key using Data Matrix will be presented. A Data Matrix displayed or printed on another device in the association is captured with a built-in digital camera. The image is then used to validate the device's public key.
A Novel Function for the Tumor Suppressor p16INK4a (2000)

The tumor suppressor gene p16(INK4a) inhibits the kinase activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4-6/cyclin D complexes and subsequent phosphorylation of critical substrates necessary for transit through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Recent studies suggested that control of the G1/S boundary might not be the sole biological function of p16(INK4a). We hypothesized that p16(INK4a) might influence hitherto unknown critical features of a malignant epithelial phenotype, such as anchorage dependence. Here we provide evidence that stable transfection of p16(INK4a) restitutes apoptosis induction upon loss of anchorage (anoikis) in a variety of human cancer cells. Anoikis in p16(INK4a)-transfected cells was evidenced by DNA fragmentation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage upon cultivation on polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate-coated dishes and was associated with suppression of anchorage-independent growth as well as complete loss of tumorigenicity. p16(INK4a)-mediated anoikis was due to selective transcriptional upregulation of the alpha(5) integrin chain of the alpha(5)beta(1) fibronectin receptor as detected by FACS((R)) analysis, immunoprecipitation, Northern blotting, and nuclear run-on assays. Addition of soluble fibronectin and inhibitory alpha(5) antibodies to nonadherent cells completely abolished p16(INK4a)-mediated anoikis, whereas laminin was ineffective. Furthermore, antisense-induced downregulation of the alpha(5) integrin chain in p16(INK4a)-transfected cells restored resistance to anoikis. These data suggest a novel functional interference between a cell cycle-regulating tumor suppressor gene and membrane-bound integrins, thus regulating a hallmark feature of an epithelial transformed phenotype: susceptibility to anoikis.
A novel class of FokI restriction endonuclease mutants that cleave hemi-methylated substrates. (1994)

A genetic screen was used to identify amino acid substitutions that enable the FokI restriction endonuclease to cleave DNA in cells that express the cognate methyltransferase activity. Missense mutations that give rise to this phenotype were isolated at eight different positions (G188K, P196S, T343I, S388N, S395F, E407K, E410K, D421N), clustered in two regions of the polypeptide sequence of FokI. Two of the mutant endonucleases (P196S and D421N) were purified to homogeneity and analyzed in detail. Both mutants cleave FokI target sites (5'-GGATG-3') in a manner similar to the wild-type enzyme. Neither mutant cleaved noncanonical sequences, but both efficiently cleaved DNA substrates containing hemi-methylated FokI sites. This class of mutations has not been observed with other restriction enzymes.
Open Na+ channel blockade: multiple rest states revealed by channel interactions with disopyramide and quinidine (1994)

In voltage-clamp studies of atrial myocytes exposed to disopyramide or quinidine, pulse-train stimulation revealed use-dependent block that increased with increased pulse amplitude. Use-dependent block also became negligible at hyperpolarized holding potentials (< -150 mV), consistent with either rapid unbinding at the holding potential or trapping of the drug in a drug-complexed rest conformation followed by rapid unbinding during the next channel opening event. To explore the unbinding properties of hypothetically different rest-blocked conformations, we exposed cells to a postdepolarization "conditioning" potential after channels had become fully inactivated so as to vary the transition to different hypothetical rest-blocked channels. Pulse-train stimulation from -130 to -30 mV generated only a small amount of use-dependent block. Inserting a 120-ms subthreshold (e.g., -100 mV) postdepolarization conditioning potential before return to -130 mV increased use-dependent block. The fraction of steady-state block exhibited a bell-shaped dependence on the conditioning potential. These results are consistent with the existence of a mixture of rest-blocked channel conformations, each having direct access to the blocked-inactivated state. These intermediate rest conformations display radically different drug unbinding rates.
Water-dispersible and ferroelectric PEGylated barium titanate nanoparticles (2021)

Water-dispersible BaTiO <sub>3</sub> nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene glycol) can be synthesized <italic>via</italic> an easy, one-pot synthesis. These nanoparticles maintain their ferroelectric properties down to 60 nm.
<title>Assessment of major airway obstruction using image analysis of digital CT information</title> (1996)

Major airway obstruction (trachea, right and left main bronchi) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Management requires adequate assessment of the position, extent and severity of the obstructing or stenotic segment. The objective of this study was to evaluate 3D reconstruction of the major airways using volumetric image display and analysis (VIDA), in subjects with major airflow obstruction. We have evaluated five subjects with major airway obstruction using Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT) with a contiguous 3 mm slice thickness at total lung capacity. The digital information was transferred to a Sun Workstation (SPARC 5) for data analysis using VIDA. From this data set, the airway dimensions were calculated using a method for airway centerline determination and slice reformatting so as to section the airway perpendicular to its local long axis. Once appropriately sectioned, a number of different methods were used in edge finding. The airways were also presented as a surface rendered 3D image in either still or movie format. Finally, all subjects underwent flexible bronchoscopy to assess the abnormalities by direct visualization, with results of the bronchoscopic assessment being compared to the VIDA measurements. In all subjects, the volumetric image display and analysis gave anatomically correct and detailed images, which could be accurately measured. This information enabled appropriate pre-planning of operative corrective procedures, that included laser therapy, stent placement and balloon bronchoplasty. We conclude that the volumetric image display and analysis provides useful and reliable information for the management of major airflow obstruction.
EnforceNet: Monocular Camera Localization in Large Scale Indoor Sparse LiDAR Point Cloud (2019)

Pose estimation is a fundamental building block for robotic applications such as autonomous vehicles, UAV, and large scale augmented reality. It is also a prohibitive factor for those applications to be in mass production, since the state-of-the-art, centimeter-level pose estimation often requires long mapping procedures and expensive localization sensors, e.g. LiDAR and high precision GPS/IMU, etc. To overcome the cost barrier, we propose a neural network based solution to localize a consumer degree RGB camera within a prior sparse LiDAR map with comparable centimeter-level precision. We achieved it by introducing a novel network module, which we call resistor module, to enforce the network generalize better, predicts more accurately, and converge faster. Such results are benchmarked by several datasets we collected in the large scale indoor parking garage scenes. We plan to open both the data and the code for the community to join the effort to advance this field.
Synthesis, Structure–Activity Relationships, and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Tetrahydropyran-Based Thiodisaccharide Mimics as Galectin-3 Inhibitors (2021)

Galectin-3 is a member of a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins. A substantial body of literature reports that galectin-3 plays important roles in cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. Small-molecule galectin-3 inhibitors, which are generally lactose or galactose-based derivatives, have the potential to be valuable disease-modifying agents. In our efforts to identify novel galectin-3 disaccharide mimics to improve drug-like properties, we found that one of the monosaccharide subunits can be replaced with a suitably functionalized tetrahydropyran ring. Optimization of the structure–activity relationships around the tetrahydropyran-based scaffold led to the discovery of potent galectin-3 inhibitors. Compounds 36, 40, and 45 were selected for further in vivo evaluation. The synthesis, structure–activity relationships, and in vivo evaluation of novel tetrahydropyran-based galectin-3 inhibitors are described.
Robust Estimation of Peptide Abundance Ratios and Rigorous Scoring of Their Variability and Bias in Quantitative Shotgun Proteomics (2006)

The abundance ratio between the light and heavy isotopologues of an isotopically labeled peptide can be estimated from their selected ion chromatograms. However, quantitative shotgun proteomics measurements yield selected ion chromatograms at highly variable signal-to-noise ratios for tens of thousands of peptides. This challenge calls for algorithms that not only robustly estimate the abundance ratios of different peptides but also rigorously score each abundance ratio for the expected estimation bias and variability. Scoring of the abundance ratios, much like scoring of sequence assignment for tandem mass spectra by peptide identification algorithms, enables filtering of unreliable peptide quantification and use of formal statistical inference in the subsequent protein abundance ratio estimation. In this study, a parallel paired covariance algorithm is used for robust peak detection in selected ion chromatograms. A peak profile is generated for each peptide, which is a scatterplot of ion intensities measured for the two isotopologues within their chromatographic peaks. Principal component analysis of the peak profile is proposed to estimate the peptide abundance ratio and to score the estimation with the signal-to-noise ratio of the peak profile (profile signal-to-noise ratio). We demonstrate that the profile signal-to-noise ratio is inversely correlated with the variability and bias of peptide abundance ratio estimation.