gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Heparan-sulfate 2-Sulfotransferase (1997)

Heparan-sulfate 2-sulfotransferase (HS2ST), which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to L-iduronic acid at position 2 in heparan sulfate, was purified from cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to apparent homogeneity (Kobayashi, M., Habuchi, H., Habuchi, O., Saito, M., and Kimata, K. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7645-7653). The internal amino acid sequences were obtained from the peptides after digestion of the purified protein with a combination of endoproteinases. Mixed oligonucleotides based on the peptide sequences were used as primers to obtain a probe fragment by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using CHO cell poly(A)+ RNA as template. The clone obtained from a CHO cDNA library by screening with the probe is 2.2 kilobases in size and contains an open reading frame of 1068 bases encoding a new protein composed of 356 amino acid residues. The protein predicts a type II transmembrane topology similar to other Golgi membrane proteins. Messages of 5.0 and 3.0 kilobases were observed in Northern analysis. Evidence that the cDNA clone corresponds to the purified HS2ST protein is as follows. (a) The predicted amino acid sequence contains all five peptides obtained after endoproteinase digestion of the purified protein; (b) the characteristics of the predicted protein fit those of the purified protein in terms of molecular mass, membrane localization, and N-glycosylation; and (c) when the cDNA containing the entire coding sequence of the enzyme in a eukaryotic expression vector was transfected into COS-7 cells, the HS2ST activity increased 2.6-fold over controls, and the FLAG-HS2ST fusion protein purified by affinity chromatography showed the HS2ST activity alone.
Resonant tunneling in disordered materials such as SiO/sub 2//Si/SiO/sub 2/ (1997)

We have analyzed the effect of disorder in both the well and barriers of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD). If the disorder is limited solely to the barriers, a good peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) is expected. We describe a general guideline relating the PVR to the bulk mobility and effective mass of the well material of an RTD. We compare the effects of correlated versus uncorrelated disorder on the valley current. We discuss why interband tunnel devices such its the Esaki diode are more robust than RTDs in the presence of disorder.
An Asynchronously Excited Brushless Wound Field Synchronous Machine (2022)

This paper proposes a novel brushless wound field synchronous machine with only one set of stator windings. Employing the principles of pole phase modulation, two independent spatial harmonics are created: one rotates synchronously and the other rotates asynchronously to induce current on an extra set of rotor windings called the induction winding. This current is rectified and supplied to the rotor field winding. The stator current excitations are defined to provide independent control over the speed and magnitude of the two spatial flux harmonics. Furthermore, this approach allows for self-starting from zero speed. The impacts of varying the speed and magnitude of the harmonics on the motor performance for traction application is studied with FEA. This topology eliminates the need of brushes in wound field synchronous machines; however, the induction torque can be offset by the increased saturation in the machine due to the presence of the asynchronous harmonic.
Oil soluble antioxidant polymetharylates for lubricants (1994)

Stimulation of target gene transcription by human p53 is inhibited in budding yeast lacking the TRR1 gene encoding thioredoxin reductase. LexA/p53 fusion proteins were used to study the basis for thioredoxin reductase dependence. A fusion protein containing all 393 of the residues of p53 efficiently and specifically stimulated transcription of a LexOP-LacZ reporter gene in wild-type yeast but was several-fold less effective in delta trr1 yeast lacking the thioredoxin reductase gene. Thus, even when p53 was tethered to a reporter gene by a heterologous DNA-binding domain, reporter gene transactivation remained dependent on thioredoxin reductase. A fusion protein containing only the activation domain of p53 stimulated reporter gene transcription equally in wild-type and delta trr1 cells, suggesting that p53 residues downstream from the activation domain created the requirement for thioredoxin reductase. Experiments using additional LexA/p53 truncation mutations indicated that the p53 negative regulatory domain, rather than the DNA-binding or oligomerization domains, created the requirement for thioredoxin reductase. The fusion protein results suggested that, under oxidative conditions, the negative regulatory domain inhibited the ability of DNA-bound p53 to stimulate transcription. However, deletion of the negative regulatory domain did not alleviate the requirement of non-LexA-containing p53 for thioredoxin reductase. The results, thus, suggest that oxidative conditions inhibit both DNA binding and transactivation by p53, and that inhibition of the latter requires the negative regulatory domain.
Improved Diagnostic Evaluation of Suspected Tuberculosis (2008)

The ELISpot(PLUS) assay is more sensitive than standard ELISpot and, when used in combination with tuberculin skin testing, enables rapid exclusion of active infection in patients with moderate to high pretest probability of tuberculosis.
Role of Netrin-1 Beyond the Brain: From Biomarker of Tissue Injury to Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in the hospital setting and intensive care unit. Despite improved understanding, there are no effective therapies available to treat AKI. AKI is often diagnosed late and, therefore, identification of a biomarker that will facilitate early diagnosis of AKI and provide a prognosis is desirable. The recent identification of a novel biomarker, netrin-1, that is capable of diagnosing early during the course of kidney injury has created much interest in this molecule. In this paper, we review recent progress made in understanding netrin-1 as a biomarker and therapeutic molecule for acute and chronic kidney diseases. We also discuss both the usefulness of netrin-1 as a biomarker of other diseases and as a possible therapeutic agent and relevant patents for inflammatory diseases.
A MAGE‐A1 peptide is recognized on HLA‐B7 human tumors by cytolytic T lymphocytes (2000)

Antigens encoded by MAGE genes are of particular interest for cancer immunotherapy because of their strict tumoral specificity and because they are shared by many tumors. MAGE antigenic peptides are currently used in therapeutic vaccination trials. The identification of additional antigenic peptides is likely to be important for the future of these clinical trials in order to increase the number of patients eligible for these vaccinations and to analyze in detail the T-cell response of vaccinated patients. We describe here the isolation of a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone which recognizes a new MAGE-A1 peptide, RVRFFFPSL (MAGE-A1(289-297)), which is presented by HLA-B7. This CTL clone lysed HLA-B7 tumor cells expressing MAGE-A1. HLA-B7 is expressed by approximately 20% of Caucasians
Bromoacetamido Analogs of Indomethacin and Mefenamic Acid as Affinity-Labeling Agents and Mechanistic Probes for Prostaglandin H2 Synthase (1995)

Affinity-labeling agents, 1-[4-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetic acid (I) and 4-(bromoacetamido)-N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)anthranilic acid (II), were synthesized on the basis of their respective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin and mefenamic acid [Askonas & Penning (1991) Biochemistry 30, 11553-11560]. Compounds I and II are now shown to inhibit homogeneous ram seminal vesicle prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) synthase by two kinetically distinct complexes. They are competitive inhibitors versus arachidonic acid via the formation of high-affinity E.I complexes, and they cause time-dependent inactivation of the holoenzyme via low-affinity E.I complexes. Compounds I and II, unlike classical NSAIDs, were found to inactivate both the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase reactions of the synthase in a parallel manner. Inactivation was accompanied by the incorporation of 2 mol of either radiolabeled I or II per synthase monomer. The covalent bonds that result were stable to boiling in SDS, indicating that I and II offer alternatives to aspirin in locating NSAID binding sites. Incubation of aspirin-treated PGH2 synthase with radiolabeled I reduced the stoichiometry of incorporation to 1.0, suggesting that one of the sites modified corresponds to the cyclooxygenase site. By saturating the cyclooxygenase site with mefenamic acid, I and II only abolished the peroxidase activity of the enzyme, suggesting that the second site of modification corresponds to the peroxidase site. When PGH2 synthase was incubated with mefenamic acid and I or II, only the peroxidase activity was inactivated. Subsequent removal of all drugs by dialysis gave a preparation of PGH2 synthase that could perform the cyclooxygenase reaction, but lacked the ability to cleave ethyl hydroperoxide to ethanol and water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cold-Adapted Variants of Influenza A Virus: Evaluation in Adult Seronegative Volunteers of A/Scotland/840/74 and A/Victoria/3/75 Cold-Adapted Recombinants Derived from the Cold-Adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 Strain (1979)

Influenza A/Scotland/74 (H3N2) and A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) cold-adapted (ca) recombinant viruses, prepared by mating the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) ca donor virus and influenza A wild-type virus, were evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, </=1:8) for level of attenuation, antigenicity, and genetic stability of the temperature-sensitive and ca phenotypes. At 10(7.0) to 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses the A/Scotland/74 and A/Victoria/75 ca recombinant viruses were clearly attenuated and antigenic. However, one of eight vaccinees infected with 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses of the A/Scotland/74 ca recombinant had a febrile reaction (39 degrees C). At a 10-fold higher dose (10(8.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses), 4 of 12 A/Scotland/74 vaccinees had a febrile and/or systemic reaction. Febrile reactions were not observed in volunteers who received the A/Victoria/75 ca recombinant virus, whereas 3 of the 12 vaccinees had mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, in one instance associated with mild systemic manifestations. Significantly, the serum hemagglutination- and neuraminidase-inhibiting antibody responses were comparable to those induced by wild-type virus. Both ca recombinant viruses were shed in low titer for a short period of time. Each isolate retained the temperature-sensitive phenotype. However, there was evidence of genetic instability of the ca marker in that 7 of 24 isolates exhibited some loss of the ca property, and one isolate completely lost the capacity to produce plaques at 25 degrees C. The retention of a low level of residual reactogenicity in the A/Scotland/74 ca recombinant suggests that acquisition of the ca and temperature-sensitive phenotypes by a ca recombinant virus may not always bring about a satisfactory level of attenuation for individuals lacking hemagglutinin immunity.
<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‐Symmetrical Thiodigalactoside Bis‐Benzamido Derivatives as High‐Affinity Inhibitors of Galectin‐3: Efficient Lectin Inhibition through Double Arginine–Arene Interactions (2005)

Inhibitoren von Galectin-3, das mit Krebs und Immunität in Zusammenhang gebracht wird, können aus Thiodigalactosid-Derivaten mit aromatischen Amidsubstituenten an beiden C3-Positionen (siehe Formel) erhalten werden. Dissoziationskonstanten Kd bis herunter zu 33 nM wurden bestimmt. Modeling-Studien legten nahe, dass diese hohe Affinität ihren Grund in doppelten Arginin-Aren-Stapelwechselwirkungen hat. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500627_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simultaneous Chemical Separation and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectral Detection Using Silver-Doped Sol-Gels (2003)

Over the past 30 years the combination of chemical separation and molecular analysis has proven invaluable to the analytical chemist in identifying chemicals at extremely low concentrations in complex matrices. For example, a drug and its metabolites can be effectively separated from blood plasma using gas chromatography and identified by the chemical fragments detected by mass spectrometry. More recently, the combination of liquid chromatography or flow injection analysis with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been investigated for such applications. Advantages of this combination include minimal sample preparation, unrestricted use of water in the mobile phase, high chemical specificity through abundant molecular vibrational information, and extreme sensitivity as demonstrated by the detection of single molecules. Previous research has largely employed the three most common methods of generating SERS; roughened silver electrodes, silver coated substrates, and silver colloids for detecting separated analytes. The latter has gained the most attention, as colloids can be easily and inexpensively prepared, and mixing the colloids with the chromatographic column effluent using flow injection is highly reproducible. However, care must be taken to control aggregation of the colloids so that the amount of Raman signal enhancement is maintained. A range of experimental variables, such as analyte concentration and pH, can strongly influence aggregation and to some extent limit applications. Further, the choice of mobile phase is similarly limited by the need to maintain colloid integrity. Recently, we and others have been developing solgels to trap silver or gold particles as yet another method of generating SERS. Once the sol-gel has formed the metal particle size and aggregation are stabilized. Albeit changes in pH may still result in variable Raman signal intensities, such as the case of weak acids and bases, where the relative concentrations of the ionized and unionized forms may be influenced. In addition, we have shown that many of the common solvents, such as acetone, methanol and water can be used equally in generating SERS of analytes with these metal-
All-pass transmission or flattop reflection filters using a single photonic crystal slab (2004)

We show that a single photonic crystal slab can function either as optical all-pass transmission or flattop reflection filter for normally incident light. Both filter functions are synthesized by designing the spectral properties of guided resonance in the slab. The structure is extremely compact along the vertical direction. We expect this device to be useful for optical communication systems.
PHOXEL-SPACE (2004)

Three-dimensional datasets (voxel datasets), generated by different types of sensing or computer simulations, are quickly becoming crucial to various disciplines - from biomedicine to geophysics. Phoxel-Space is an interface that enables the exploration of these datasets through physical materials. It aims at overcoming the limitations of traditional planar displays by allowing users to intuitively navigate and understand complex 3-dimensional datasets. The system works by allowing the user to manipulate a freeform geometry whose surface intersects a voxel dataset. The intersected voxel values are projected back onto the surface of the physical material to reveal a non-planar section of the dataset. The paper describes how the interface can be used as a representational aid in several example application domains, overcoming many limitations of conventional planar displays.
Expression of Zymomonas mobilis adhB (encoding alcohol dehydrogenase II) and adhB-lacZ operon fusions in recombinant Z. mobilis (1989)

The Zymomonas mobilis alcohol dehydrogenase II gene (adhB) was overexpressed 7- to 14-fold on a recombinant plasmid, accompanied by a small decrease in growth rate. A fragment containing the truncated gene with promoter reduced expression from the chromosomal gene as measured immunologically and enzymatically, consistent with the presence of a trans-active regulatory factor and positive regulatory control. Both the complete gene and the promoter fragment increased pyruvate decarboxylase and glucokinase activities, with no effect on alcohol dehydrogenase I or eight glycolytic enzymes. Tandem promoters from adhB expressed beta-galactosidase at higher levels than did either promoter alone in operon fusions. Addition of 50 microM zinc sulfate in minimal medium reduced the expression of adhB and of the operon fusions. Abundant but inactive alcohol dehydrogenase II was produced in iron-limited cells. This inactive enzyme did not form intracellular aggregates, and no morphological changes were apparent by transmission electron microscopy.
Power and performance aware memory-controller voting mechanism (2018)

Modern System-on-Chips (SoCs) integrate a graphics unit (GPU) with many application processor cores (CPUs), communication cores (modem, WiFi) and device interfaces (USB, HDMI) on a single die. The primary memory system is fast becoming a major performance bottleneck as more and more of these units share this critical resource. An Integrated-Memory-Controller (IMC) is responsible for buffering and servicing memory requests from different CPU cores, GPU and other processing blocks that require DDR memory access. Previous work [2] was focused on appropriately prioritizing memory requests and increasing IMC/DDR memory frequency to improve system performance - which came at the expense of higher power consumption. Recent work has addressed this problem by using a demand based approach. This is accomplished by making the IMC aware of the application characteristics and then scaling its frequency based on the memory access demand [1]. This leads to lower IMC and DDR frequencies and thus lower power. The work presented here shows that instead of lowering the frequency, greater total system power savings can be achieved by increasing IMC frequency at the beginning of a use-case that has moderate GPU utilization. The primary motivation behind this approach is that it allows GPU, with its inherent ability to execute a larger number of parallel threads, to access memory faster and therefore complete its processing portion of the execution pipeline faster. This, in turn, allows relaxation of the timing requirements imposed on the CPU pipeline portion and consecutive cycles, thus saving on total system power. An algorithm for this technique, along with the silicon results on an SoC implemented in an industrial 28nm process, will be presented in this paper.
Learning deep structured semantic models for web search using clickthrough data (2013)

Latent semantic models, such as LSA, intend to map a query to its relevant documents at the semantic level where keyword-based matching often fails. In this study we strive to develop a series of new latent semantic models with a deep structure that project queries and documents into a common low-dimensional space where the relevance of a document given a query is readily computed as the distance between them. The proposed deep structured semantic models are discriminatively trained by maximizing the conditional likelihood of the clicked documents given a query using the clickthrough data. To make our models applicable to large-scale Web search applications, we also use a technique called word hashing, which is shown to effectively scale up our semantic models to handle large vocabularies which are common in such tasks. The new models are evaluated on a Web document ranking task using a real-world data set. Results show that our best model significantly outperforms other latent semantic models, which were considered state-of-the-art in the performance prior to the work presented in this paper.
Wide-load-range resonant converter supplying the SAE J-1773 electric vehicle inductive charging interface (1999)

The recommended practice for electric vehicle battery charging using inductive coupling (SAE J-1773), published in January 1995 by the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., outlines values and tolerances for critical vehicle inlet parameters which must be considered when selecting a coupler driving topology. The inductive coupling vehicle inlet contains a significant discrete capacitive component in addition to low magnetizing and high leakage inductances. Driving the vehicle interface with a variable-frequency series-resonant power converter results in a four-element topology with many desirable features: unity transformer turns ratio; buck/boost voltage gain; current-source operation; monotonic power transfer characteristic over a wide load range; throttling capability down to no load; high-frequency operation; narrow modulation frequency range; use of zero-voltage-switched MOSFETs with slow integral diodes; high efficiency; inherent short-circuit protection; soft recovery of output rectifiers; and secondary d/spl nu//dt control and current waveshaping for the cable, coupler and vehicle inlet, resulting in enhanced electromagnetic compatibility. In this paper, characteristics of the topology are derived and analyzed using two methods. Firstly, the fundamental mode AC sine-wave approximation is extended to battery loads and provides a simple, yet insightful, analysis of the topology. A second method of analysis is based on the more accurate, but complex, time-based modal approach. Finally, typical experimental results verify the analysis of the topology presented in the paper.
Affinity Countercurrent Chromatography Using a Ligand in the Stationary Phase (1996)

In countercurrent chromatography (CCC), an addition of a ligand to the liquid stationary phase remarkably improved both retention time and peak resolution of the analytes: various amino acid derivatives were separated by N-dodecanoyl-L-proline-3,5-dimethylanilide, while polar catecholamines and dipeptides were separated by bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. By selecting an appropriate ligand and dissolving it in the liquid stationary phase, the present CCC technique can perform a variety of separations comparable to chiral chromatography, ion chromatography, and affinity chromatography. Leakage of the ligand from the column can be entirely eliminated by introducing a small volume of a ligand-free stationary phase at the end of the column as an absorbent. The method further facilitates application of pH-zone-refining CCC and can increase the sample loading capacity over 10 times for a given column.
ITLinQ: A new approach for spectrum sharing in device-to-device communication systems (2014)

We consider the problem of spectrum sharing in device-to-device communication systems. Based on the recently-found condition for the optimality of treating interference as noise, we introduce the new notion of information-theoretic independent set (ITIS) which denotes a subset of users in a wireless network that are information-theoretically eligible to transmit data at the same time. This leads to our novel spectrum sharing scheme called information-theoretic link scheduling (ITLinQ) which at each time slot schedules the users in a single ITIS to transmit simultaneously. We perform a capacity analysis of ITLinQ and in a network model with a random placement of nodes in a cell, we characterize a lower bound on the fraction the information theoretic capacity region that it is able to achieve to within a gap. We will show that ITLinQ can outperform the conventional independent set scheduling by a multiplicative gain that scales with the number of users. We also present a distributed way of implementing ITLinQ and show that it yields a sum-rate gain of higher than 100% over similar state-of-the-art spectrum sharing mechanisms, such as FlashLinQ.