gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handling large power steps in real-time microgrid control via explicit power setpoints (2017)

We consider a microgrid with real-time control using explicit power-setpoints. Sudden power-steps, such as load disconnections or load in-rushes, directly affect the decisions of the microgrid controller that aims at avoiding voltage or line-ampacity violations. When trying to completely avoid these violations, the grid operation may be too restricted, which may lead to large suboptimality. However, temporary violations of the steady-state bounds are allowed by grid standards and could enable the exploitation of the flexibility of other resources to better control the system's state. In this paper, we propose a method by which such temporary violations are controlled so that they remain within the limits imposed by grid standards and safe operation. The method is experimentally tested and validated on a real microgrid.
Inhibition of Cytopathic Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 by Various Phorbol Derivatives. (2002)

Forty-eight derivatives of phorbol (9) and isophorbol (14) were evaluated for their inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 induced cytopathic effects (CPE) on MT-4 cells, as well as their activation of protein kinase C (PKC), as indices of anti-HIV-1 and tumor promoting activities, respectively. Of these compounds, the most potent inhibition of CPE was observed in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (8) and 12-O-acetylphorbol 13-decanoate (6). The former also showed the strongest PKC activation activity, while the latter showed no activity at 10 ng/ml. Both activities were generally observed in those phorbol derivatives with an A/B trans configuration, but not in the isophorbol derivatives with an A/B cis configuration. Acetylation of 20-OH in the phorbol derivatives significantly reduced the inhibition of CPE, as shown in 12-O-, 20-O-diacetylphorbol 13-decanoate (6a) (IC100=15.6 microg/ml) vs. compound 6 (IC100=0.0076 microg/ml), and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13,20-diacetate (8a) (IC100=15.6 microg/ml) vs. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (8) (IC100=0.00048 microg/ml), except in the case of 12-O-decanoylphorbol 13-(2-methylbutyrate) (4) and phorbol 12,13-diacetate (9c). The reduction of a carbonyl group at C-3 abruptly reduced the inhibition of CPE, as observed in 3beta-hydroxyphorbol 12,13,20-triacetate (9f) (IC100=500 microg/ml) vs. phorbol 12,13,20-triacetate (9d) (IC100=62.5 microg/ml). Although 8 was equipotent in the inhibition of CPE, and activation of PKC, both activities were abruptly decreased by the acetylation of 20-OH and methylation of 4-OH [as in 8a and 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13,20-diacetate (8b), respectively]. On the other hand, its positional isomer (12-O-acetylphorbol 13-tetradecanoate (8c) showed neither activities. The removal of a long acyl group in 8 led to a substantial loss of both activities, as shown in phorbol 13-acetate (9b). Of the 12-O-acetyl-13-O-acylphorbol derivatives, the highest inhibition of CPE was observed in 6, which has a dodecanoyl residue at C-13. Both an increase and decrease in the number of fatty acid carbon chains resulted in significant reduction of the inhibition of CPE.
Production design for plate products in the steel industry (2007)

We describe an optimization tool for a multistage production process for rectangular steel plates. The problem we solve yields a production design (or plan) for rectangular plate products in a steel plant, i.e., a detailed list of operational steps and intermediate products on the way to producing steel plates. We decompose this problem into subproblems that correspond to the production stages, where one subproblem requires the design of casts by sequencing slabs which, in turn, have to be designed from mother plates. The design of mother plates consists of a two-dimensional packing problem. We develop a solution approach which combines mathematical programming models with search techniques from artificial intelligence. The use of these tools provides two types of benefits: improvements in the productivity of the plant and an approach to making the key business performance indicators, such as available-to-promise at a production level, operational.
Isocitrate ameliorates anemia by suppressing the erythroid iron restriction response (2013)

The unique sensitivity of early red cell progenitors to iron deprivation, known as the erythroid iron restriction response, serves as a basis for human anemias globally. This response impairs erythropoietin-driven erythropoiesis and underlies erythropoietic repression in iron deficiency anemia. Mechanistically, the erythroid iron restriction response results from inactivation of aconitase enzymes and can be suppressed by providing the aconitase product isocitrate. Recent studies have implicated the erythroid iron restriction response in anemia of chronic disease and inflammation (ACDI), offering new therapeutic avenues for a major clinical problem; however, inflammatory signals may also directly repress erythropoiesis in ACDI. Here, we show that suppression of the erythroid iron restriction response by isocitrate administration corrected anemia and erythropoietic defects in rats with ACDI. In vitro studies demonstrated that erythroid repression by inflammatory signaling is potently modulated by the erythroid iron restriction response in a kinase-dependent pathway involving induction of the erythroid-inhibitory transcription factor PU.1. These results reveal the integration of iron and inflammatory inputs in a therapeutically tractable erythropoietic regulatory circuit.
VIDEO CLASSIFICATION USING OBJECT TRACKING (2001)

Content description becomes important in the ubiquity of video content on the Web and consumer devices. Video classification is needed so that more appropriate description and search methods can be applied. This paper describes two methods for video content classification: a Nearest Neighbor (NN) method relying on domain knowledge and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based method. Our approach stems from the observation that in different TV categories, there are different objects (e.g., face and text) trajectory patterns. Face and text tracking is applied to video segments to extract face and text trajectories. We used NN and HMM to classify a given video segment into predefined classes, e.g., commercial, news, situation comedy and soap. Our preliminary experimental results show classification accuracy of 75% for NN and over 80% for HMM based method on short video segments.
Current Share in Multiphase DC–DC Converters Using Digital Filtering Techniques (2009)

This paper introduces a new method of passive current balancing for digital control of multiphase DC-DC converters based upon the duty-cycle-matching principle. Current balance is achieved by inserting a digital filter into the control path. The method does not rely on a current balancing loop, and therefore, the stability and performance concerns associated with the traditional current balance loop are obviated. Being sensorless, it is insensitive to current measurement inaccuracies caused by noise, component value tolerance, or variation. It will be shown that effective current balancing can be achieved via some simple modifications to standard voltage-mode control laws, allowing current balancing to be achieved with minor additional complexity. The effectiveness of the method has been demonstrated by experimental validation of a multiphase DC-DC converter. The current share scheme has been shown to perform well dynamically, matching currents cycle by cycle during load steps, and clearly benefiting from the absence of the slow current share loop popular in traditional methods. The proposed current share filter blends well with existing digital controllers. Given the very low complexity in implementing the filter, the degree of matching achieved is exceptional.
Low-complexity computation of visual information fidelity in the discrete wavelet domain (2010)

The visual information fidelity (VIF) index is an objective quality metric that gives very accurate image similarity scores, but at the cost of very high computational complexity. In this paper, a method is presented for calculating VIF in the discrete wavelet domain using the Haar wavelet. The proposed method exploits scalar Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) instead of vector GSM for calculating the prediction scores. The complexity of the proposed method is assessed for five different popular image sizes and compared to other methods based on a C/C++ implementation of the algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed method can compute the visual quality score with less than 30% of the computational complexity of the well-known SSIM index, with greater accuracy than that achieved by the original VIF index method (at about 5% of its computational complexity).
Optimal Low Power Complex Filters (2012)

Realizations of voltage-mode and current-mode complex filters based on transconductance, transresistance, and current amplifiers for intermediate frequency (IF) applications are systematically developed. Various amplifiers are realized utilizing the second generation current conveyor (CCII) to promote comparisons at device levels. The adopted approach shows that the most efficient designs in terms of the number of active components are current-mode filters based on the transconductance and current amplifiers. As an application example, a 4th-order complex filter based on the CA is designed for low-IF Bluetooth receiver. Fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology, experimental results show that the proposed design offers improved characteristics over the available solutions in terms of power consumption and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). The filter exhibits in-band SFDR of 65.8 dB while consuming 1 mW.
Simultaneous blue and green upconversion lasing in a laser-diode-pumped Pr3+/Yb3+ doped fluoride fiber laser (1996)

An upconversion laser operating simultaneously at visible wavelengths of 520 and 490 nm under infrared semiconductor pumping is demonstrated. The Pr3+/Yb3+doped ZBLAN fluorozirconate fiber laser yielded 1.4 mW total power at green and blue wavelengths with approximately 350 mW of incident pump light at a wavelength of 856 nm. Threshold launched powers of 55 and 85 mW were obtained for the wavelengths of 520 and 490 nm, respectively.
A configurable system for role-specific video imaging during laparoscopic surgery (2012)

In minimally invasive surgery, the surgeon and the assistant rely on a single laparoscopic video view for performing different clinical roles. The assistant is tasked with manipulating the camera view so as to maintain a global, panoramic view of the operation. The surgeon needs to remain focused on the operation, requiring a detailed close-up view. We use the term role-specific video imaging to describe the need to provide separate views for the assistant and the surgeon. In this paper we introduce role-specific video imaging for laparosopic surgery. The system is designed to be configurable in the sense that imaging parameters and algorithms can be adjusted in real-time so as to meet the specific needs that arise. The system was evaluated on 4 cases by two surgeons on a Linux-based 3.2.0 Kernel, with 4GB RAM, and Intel 3.4GHz I7 (2nd generation) microprocessor. Clinical evaluation of the different configuration modes has helped us determine that high-quality role-specific imaging can be achieved for zooming factors that are larger or equal to 2×2 with bilinear interpolation, while maintaining 30 frame per seconds for the panoramic and close-up views. In future work, in order to minimize interaction with the surgical team, the system will be upgraded to incorporate tracking of the operating instrument during surgery.
Feature engineering on event-centric surrogate documents to improve search results (2009)

We investigate the task of re-ranking search results based on query log information. Prior work has considered this problem as either the task of learning document rankings of using features based on user behavior, or as the task of enhancing documents and queries using log data. Our contribution combines both. We distill log information into event-centric surrogate documents (ESDs), and extract features from these ESDs to be used in a learned ranking function. Our experiments on a legal corpus demonstrate that features engineered on surrogate documents lead to improved rankings, in particular when the original ranking is of poor quality.
Studies in Polyphenol Chemistry and Bioactivity. 1. Preparation of Building Blocks from (+)-Catechin. Procyanidin Formation. Synthesis of the Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitor, 3-<i>O</i>-Galloyl-(2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)-epicatechin-4β,8-[3-<i>O</i>-galloyl-(2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)-epicatechin] (1999)

A project has been initiated to synthesize proanthocyanidin oligomers found in cocoa. Natural, readily available (+)-catechin was transformed into 5,7,3‘,4‘-tetra-O-benzyl-(−)-epicatechin (14) by (a) benzylation of the phenolic oxygens; (b) oxidation of the 3-alcohol to ketone by the Dess−Martin periodinane; and (c) reduction with lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride (l-Selectride) in the presence of LiBr. The additive diminishes the extent of ketone enolization while maintaining a stereoselectivity of ≥200:1. Oxidation of 14 with DDQ was performed best from the standpoint of product purification if ethylene glycol was used as the nucleophilic trapping agent. The resulting ether 19 was condensed with 14 using TiCl4 to give a good yield of benzyl-protected epicatechin-4β,8-epicatechin (octa-O-benzylprocyanidin B2, 20) as the sole dimeric product. Hydrogenolysis of 20 yielded procyanidin B2 in the first enantiospecific synthesis of this natural product which employs protected intermediates and thereby allows the necessary product separation after the condensation step to be performed on nonpolar, nonsensitive intermediates. Acylation of 20 with tri-O-benzylgalloyl chloride followed by hydrogenolysis gave access to the title bis-gallate (24). This constitutes the first synthesis of this natural product, a compound notable for its PKC-inhibitory and anticancer activity.
A high sensitivity uniaxial resonant accelerometer (2010)

A new micro-machined uniaxial silicon resonant accelerometer characterized by a high sensitivity is presented. The geometrical setting is analytically optimized in order to improve the sensitivity and the linearity of the sensor. The high level of sensitivity is obtained at relatively low quality factors and keeping the dimensions very small, thanks to an innovative and optimized geometrical design of the device. The proposed accelerometer has been fabricated and the first experimental measurements are presented in the paper.
Combination of protein-rich pea flour and pea extract with insecticides and enzyme inhibitors for control of stored-product beetles (2004)

Abstract Protein-rich pea flour and its extract are toxic to stored-product beetles and, at a concentration of 0.1%, can control these insects in a granary. To reduce the concentration of protein-rich pea flour needed to control stored-product beetles, natural products or currently used grain protectants (diatomaceous earth, neem, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), malathion, and pyrethrum) were mixed with protein-rich pea flour in wheat. Mixtures were tested against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Neem and protein-rich pea flour acted synergistically against T. castaneum . Malathion and protein-rich pea flour acted synergistically against S. oryzae . Protein-rich pea flour combined with diatomaceous earth or pyrethrum acted additively against S. oryzae . All other combinations acted antagonistically. An extract from protein-rich pea flour reduced feeding of S. oryzae , and three enzyme inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide, profenofos, and diethyl maleate, were tested for their possible synergistic effects on feeding deterrence and mortality. Piperonyl butoxide and pea extract had additive effects, and diethyl maleate had no effect on the feeding and mortality of insects. Profenofos alone killed all insects in 3 days. The flour consumption of S. oryzae was positively correlated with LT 50 (time to 50% mortality) in flour disks treated with pea extract.
Sewage Clarification with Magnetite Particles (1991)

A new approach to sewage treatment which involves rapid clarification of raw sewage with fine magnetite particles is described. The process, which is essentially a greatly accelerated chemical coagulation, provides a quick separation of the sewage into two liquid streams, one clarified, the other highly concentrated. Development of the process up to and including operation of a fully continuous pilot is outlined and potential advantages and disadvantages identified.
Quantifying the sustainability impact of data center availability (2010)

Data center availability is critical considering the explosive growth in Internet services and people's dependence on them. Furthermore, in recent years, sustainability has become important. However, data center designers have little information on the sustainability impact of data center availability architectures. In this paper, we present an approach to estimate the sustainability impact of such architectures. Availability is computed using Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) models while an exergy-based lifecycle assessment (LCA) approach is used for quantifying sustainability impact. The approach is demonstrated on real life data center power infrastructure architectures. Five different architectures are considered and initial results show that quantification of sustainability impact provides important information to a data center designer in evaluating availability architecture choices.
Bellows-type vibration absorber for suspended cables and suspended cable in comination therewith (1986)

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Direct Space Vector PWM Strategy for Matrix Converters with Reduced Number of Switching Transitions (2008)

This paper proposes a novel “Direct Space Vector PWM (Direct SVPWM)” strategy based on the direct AC/AC conversion approach for three-phase to three-phase matrix converters. This method allows the sine input and sine output waveforms as a major premise, and gives top priority to the improvement of the output control performance in motor drive applications, for instance, provides maximum riding comfort for an elevator, etc. Output voltage harmonics, switching losses, and common-mode voltage can be reduced across the entire voltage region. In addition, the switching count can be reduced even further by fully utilizing the output current detection value.Direct space vectors are first defined, and the selection method of space vectors is described. Next, the PWM duty calculation technique is explained. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is proven from the comparison with the conventional virtual indirect method based on the experimental and analysis results.
Regulatory sequences of Arabidopsis drive reporter gene expression in nematode feeding structures. (1997)

In the quest for plant regulatory sequences capable of driving nematode-triggered effector gene expression in feeding structures, we show that promoter tagging is a valuable tool. A large collection of transgenic Arabidopsis plants was generated. They were transformed with a beta-glucuronidase gene functioning as a promoter tag. Three T-DNA constructs, pGV1047, p delta gusBin19, and pMOG553, were used. Early responses to nematode invasion were of primary interest. Six lines exhibiting beta-glucuronidase activity in syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode were studied. Reporter gene activation was also identified in galls induced by root knot and ectoparasitic nematodes. Time-course studies revealed that all six tags were differentially activated during the development of the feeding structure. T-DNA-flanking regions responsible for the observed responses after nematode infection were isolated and characterized for promoter activity.
Relationships of Retinal Structure and Humphrey 24-2 Visual Field Thresholds in Patients With Glaucoma (2014)

Predicting individual 24-2 visual field thresholds from structural information derived from nine-field SD-OCT local NFL and GCL+IPL thicknesses using the RGC-AC concept is feasible, showing the potential for the predictive ability of SD-OCT structural information for visual function. Ultimately, it may be feasible to complement and reduce the burden of subjective visual field testing in glaucoma patients with predicted function derived objectively from OCT.
Magneto-optical resonator switches in two-dimensional photonic crystals: geometry, symmetry, scattering matrices, and two examples (2014)

We discuss different geometrical structures of optical switches based on two-dimensional photonic crystals with hexagonal geometry of the unit cell and a magneto-optical resonator. Transition between the states on and off in these switches is achieved by an external DC magnetic field. The input and output waveguides can be front-front, side-side, or front-side coupled to the resonator and these different types of coupling can lead to different mechanisms of switching. Analysis of symmetry and scattering matrices of the switches is based on magnetic group theory. Two examples of switches with 60° and 120° bends and their characteristics are also presented.
Accuracy of a semi-automatic technique for segmentation of the carotid arteries from 3D ultrasound images (2003)

A semi-automatic 3D segmentation technique has recently been developed and is being used to extract carotid artery lumen from 3D ultrasound images. The accuracy of the segmentation technique has been assessed by comparing 3D surfaces derived by the semi-automatic technique, to surfaces constructed from manual segmentation. Preliminary results show that for a sample free-hand 3D ultrasound image, typical manual and automatic surfaces are separated from each other with a mean error of 0.4 mm.
Functional characterization of the human high‐affinity choline transporter<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Na(+)-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake in cholinergic neurons is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Here we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the human high-affinity choline transporter (hCHT1). The hCHT1 exhibits significant homology with known members of the Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter family, but not with members of the neurotransmitter transporter family. The human CHT1 gene is 25 kb in length with 9 exons and was assigned to chromosome II at position IIq11-12. Northern blot analysis showed that a 5.4 kb hCHT1 transcript was expressed exclusively in tissues containing cholinergic neurons. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the human clone induced Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake, which was sensitive to the specific inhibitor hemicholinium-3, with a K(i) of 1.3 nM. The hCHT1-mediated choline uptake increased with increasing concentrations of choline, Na(+) and Cl(-), with EC(50) values of 2.0 microM, 76 mM, and 48 mM, and with apparent Hill coefficients of 1, 2.5 and 2.3, respectively.