gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Detection of Network Motifs (2006)

Motifs in a given network are small connected subnetworks that occur in significantly higher frequencies than would be expected in random networks. They have recently gathered much attention as a concept to uncover structural design principles of complex networks. Kashtan et al. [Bioinformatics, 2004] proposed a sampling algorithm for performing the computationally challenging task of detecting network motifs. However, among other drawbacks, this algorithm suffers from a sampling bias and scales poorly with increasing subgraph size. Based on a detailed analysis of the previous algorithm, we present a new algorithm for network motif detection which overcomes these drawbacks. Furthermore, we present an efficient new approach for estimating the frequency of subgraphs in random networks that, in contrast to previous approaches, does not require the explicit generation of random networks. Experiments on a testbed of biological networks show our new algorithms to be orders of magnitude faster than previous approaches, allowing for the detection of larger motifs in bigger networks than previously possible and thus facilitating deeper insight into the field.
Scalable Synthesis of 8-Amino-3-hydroxy-6<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>c</i>]chromen-6-one: Key Intermediate for SEGRA via the Hurtley Reaction (2014)

A practical and scalable process for the preparation of 8-amino-3-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one in multihundred kilogram amounts has been developed. The key features of this synthesis are the application of the Hurtley reaction with a copper and base combination and the development of a purification process. The new synthesis improved the total yield from 49.0% to 59.5% and reduced the number of steps from three to two. Compared with the conventional medicinal route, manufacturing costs were reduced significantly by the use of inexpensive, easy to procure materials.
Automated embolic signal detection using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

This work investigated the potential of Deep Neural Network in detection of cerebral embolic signal (ES) from transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). The resulting system is aimed to couple with TCD devices in diagnosing a risk of stroke in real-time with high accuracy. The Adaptive Gain Control (AGC) approach developed in our previous study is employed to capture suspected ESs in real-time. By using spectrograms of the same TCD signal dataset as that of our previous work as inputs and the same experimental setup, Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which can learn features while training, was investigated for its ability to bypass the traditional handcrafted feature extraction and selection process. Extracted feature vectors from the suspected ESs are later determined whether they are of an ES, artifact (AF) or normal (NR) interval. The effectiveness of the developed system was evaluated over 19 subjects going under procedures generating emboli. The CNN-based system could achieve in average of 83.0% sensitivity, 80.1% specificity, and 81.4% accuracy, with considerably much less time consumption in development. The certainly growing set of training samples and computational resources will contribute to high performance. Besides having potential use in various clinical ES monitoring settings, continuation of this promising study will benefit developments of wearable applications by leveraging learnable features to serve demographic differentials.
Protection against Lethal Intra‐abdominal Sepsis by 1‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐3‐ethylurea (2003)

Sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) formulations are gels that effectively reduce postoperative adhesions in both animals and humans, when placed in the peritoneal or pelvic cavities concomitant with surgical manipulation. However, it has been suggested that the use of these products may increase the risk of peritoneal infection after contamination with intestinal contents during surgery. Using the rat intra-abdominal sepsis model, we found that administration of HA/CMC gels before bacterial challenge did not increase mortality but did significantly protect rats against lethal infection. This effect was dose and time dependent. Protection was conferred not by the HA/CMC gels themselves but by 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylurea (EDU), a small molecule released from the gel complex under physiologic conditions. Our results suggest that the protective effect exhibited by EDU is related to down-regulation of T cell-dependent responses and suppression of the proinflammatory-cytokine cascade associated with mortality during the early phase of disease.
Evaluación del efecto de una intervención grupal para la prevención de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria en adolescentes. Estudio piloto. (2018)

Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) son problemas relevantes de salud mental que afectan principalmente a mujeres adolescentes y jovenes. En su etiologia convergen factores biologicos, psicologicos y sociales y por lo tanto, el tratamiento debe considerar esta multicausalidad. La enfermera de Salud Mental tiene un papel fundamental mediante la actuacion sobre los factores de riesgo y asi prevenir la enfermedad. La insatisfaccion corporal constituye un importante factor de riesgo y de mantenimiento de las patologias alimentarias. Las influencias socioculturales (sobre todo los medios de comunicacion, familia y companeros) contribuyen al desarrollo de la insatisfaccion y, en consecuencia, aumentar la probabilidad de trastornos de la alimentacion.  El objetivo es demostrar la eficacia de intervenciones grupales para mejorar la imagen corporal, la autoestima, la alfabetizacion mediatica y otros factores que influyen en comportamientos y actitudes relacionados con la alimentacion y poder prevenir la aparicion de Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes de entre 13 y 15 anos mediante un estudio pre/post. Palabras clave: Trastornos de alimentacion, educacion para la salud, adolescente, prevencion primaria.
Inhibition of a nutrient-dependent pinocytosis in dictyostelium discoideum by the amino acid analogue hadacidin (1981)

In the present study we examine the effects of the drug hadacidin (N-formyl-N- hydroxyglycine) on pinocytosis in the eukaryotic microorganism dictyostelium discoideum. At concentrations of up to approximately 8 mg/ml, hadacidin inhibited the rate of pinocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran in cells in growth medium in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on cells in starvation medium. Because hadacidin also inhibits cellular proliferation at this concentration, the relationship between growth rate and pinocytosis was studied further using another drug, cerulenin, to produce growth-arrest. These experiments showed no changes in the rate pinocytosis even after complete cessation of cellular proliferation. Other studies showed that the transfer of cells from growth to starvation medium reduced the rate of pinocytosis by approximately 50 percent. A reduction of similar magnitude occurred if cells were transferred from growth to starvation medium containing hadacidin. Also, no additional reduction in pinocytosis occurred when cells that had been treated with hadacidin were transferred to starvation medium containing hadacidin. These cells were able to take up [(14)C]hadacidin in the starvation medium. In contrast to the results with hadacidin-treated cells, cells in a cerulenin-induced state of growth-arrest when transferred to starvation medium exhibited the same 50 percent reduction in pinocytosis observed in cells not previously exposed to either drug. Cells treated with azide, in either growth or starvation medium, exhibited an immediate inhibition of all pinocytotic activity. After the transfer of log-phase cells to starvation medium supplemented with glucose, the reduction in rate was only approximately 10-15 percent. In contrast, a 50 percent reduction was observed after supplementation of starvation medium with sucrose, KCl, or concanavalin A. Maintaining the cells in growth medium containing hadacidin for as long as 16 h had no effect on the rate at which cells aggregated. These results are consistent with the conclusion that D. discoideum exhibits two types of pinocytotic activity: one that is nutrient dependent and the other independent of nutrients. This latter activity persists in starvation medium and is unaffected by hadacidin, whereas the nutrient-dependent activity is present in growth medium and is inhibited by hadacidin.
Plastid Division: Evolution, Mechanism and Complexity (2006)

Extrapolation from the mechanism of bacterial cell division provides valuable clues as to how the chloroplast division process is achieved in plant cells. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the highly regulated mechanism of plastid division within the host cell has led to the evolution of features unique to the plastid division process.
Mechanical and thermal parameters in pulsed laser cutting of tissue (1987)

We investigate the physical processes in tissue cutting resulting from absorption of pulsed 10.6 μm radiation impact in the flux density range <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.3 \cdot 10^{4} - 6 \cdot 10^{6}</tex> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A purely thermodynamical explanation of the cutting process is tested experimentally. It is shown that for pulse durations longer than a fraction of a μs, the temperature and pressure values describing the irradiated zone follow from the equilibrium properties of water and the radiation flux density. In the considered flux density range, they do not exceed the critical values of water. We demonstrate experimentally that material is removed from the area of radiation impact by evaporation and by ejection in the liquid state. The relative importance of these processes with respect to material removal turns out to depend on the laser parameters and dramatically on the viscosity of the target in its liquid state.
Dynamics of Airborne Influenza A Viruses Indoors and Dependence on Humidity (2011)

There is mounting evidence that the aerosol transmission route plays a significant role in the spread of influenza in temperate regions and that the efficiency of this route depends on humidity. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which humidity might influence transmissibility via the aerosol route have not been elucidated. We hypothesize that airborne concentrations of infectious influenza A viruses (IAVs) vary with humidity through its influence on virus inactivation rate and respiratory droplet size. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which humidity might influence aerosol transmission, we modeled the size distribution and dynamics of IAVs emitted from a cough in typical residential and public settings over a relative humidity (RH) range of 10-90%. The model incorporates the size transformation of virus-containing droplets due to evaporation and then removal by gravitational settling, ventilation, and virus inactivation. The predicted concentration of infectious IAVs in air is 2.4 times higher at 10% RH than at 90% RH after 10 min in a residential setting, and this ratio grows over time. Settling is important for removal of large droplets containing large amounts of IAVs, while ventilation and inactivation are relatively more important for removal of IAVs associated with droplets <5 µm. The inactivation rate increases linearly with RH; at the highest RH, inactivation can remove up to 28% of IAVs in 10 min. Humidity is an important variable in aerosol transmission of IAVs because it both induces droplet size transformation and affects IAV inactivation rates. Our model advances a mechanistic understanding of the aerosol transmission route, and results complement recent studies on the relationship between humidity and influenza's seasonality. Maintaining a high indoor RH and ventilation rate may help reduce chances of IAV infection.
Total Synthesis of Entecavir (2013)

Entecavir (BMS-200475) was synthesized from 4-trimethylsilyl-3-butyn-2-one and acrolein. The key features of its preparation are: (i) a stereoselective boron-aldol reaction to afford the acyclic carbon skeleton of the methylenecylopentane moiety; (ii) its cyclization by a Cp2TiCl-catalyzed intramolecular radical addition of an epoxide to an alkyne; and (iii) the coupling with a purine derivative by a Mitsunobu reaction.
Asymptotic properties of the high-order Yule-Walker estimates of sinusoidal frequencies (1989)

The asymptotic properties of the high-order Yule-Walker (HOYW) estimator of sinusoidal frequencies are analyzed. An explicit formula for the covariance matrix of the HOYW frequency estimation error is derived. The effects on estimation accuracy of the number of YW equations, the model order, and a certain weighting matrix are investigated analytically. The optimally weighted HOYW estimator is described. The analysis presented together with the already existing empirical evidence provides enough motivation for the use of an overdetermined and high-order Yule-Walker estimator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A polymer-supported chiral auxiliary applied to the iodolactonization reaction: preparation of .gamma.-butyrolactones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA polymer-supported chiral auxiliary applied to the iodolactonization reaction: preparation of .gamma.-butyrolactonesHong Sik Moon, Neil E. Schore, and Mark J. KurthCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 23, 6088–6089Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00049a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00049a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Small mammals, birds and ants as seed predators in post-fire mountain fynbos (1990)

The relative importance of small mammals, birds and ants as seed predators in recently burnt mountain fynbos was assessed using a seed-dish experiment. Small mammals accounted for the majority of visits during which Phalaris canariensis seed was removed from dishes. Only one bird species (cinnamon dove Aplopelia larvata) was recorded taking seed. Ants were observed within seed dishes but not removing seeds.
Analyzing end-to-end network reachability (2009)

Network security administrators cannot always accurately tell which end-to-end accesses are permitted within their network, and which ones are not. The problem is that every access is determined by the configurations of multiple, separately administered, components. As configurations evolve, a small change in one configuration file can have widespread impact on the end-to-end accesses. Short of exhaustive testing, which is impractical, there are no good solutions to analyze end-to-end flows from network configurations. This paper presents a general technique to analyze all the end-to-end accesses from the configuration files of network routers, switches and firewalls. We efficiently analyze certain state-dependent filter rules. Our goal is to help network security engineers and operators quickly determine configuration errors that may cause unexpected behavior such as unwanted accesses or unreachable services. Our technique can be also be used as part of the change management process, to help prevent network misconfiguration.
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson&#39;s disease: evaluation, management, and emerging role of droxidopa (2014)

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) is due to failure of the autonomic nervous system to regulate blood pressure in response to postural changes due to an inadequate release of norepinephrine, leading to orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. nOH is common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Prevalence varies throughout the course of PD, ranging from 40% to 60%, and resulting in symptomatic nOH in approximately half. Symptomatic nOH, including lightheadedness, can limit daily activities and lead to falls. Symptomatic nOH can also limit therapeutic options for treating PD motor symptoms. Clinical evaluation should routinely include symptom assessment and blood pressure measurement of supine, sitting, and 3-minute standing; 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can also be helpful. Non-pharmacological management of symptomatic nOH involves education, physical maneuvers, and adequate hydration. Current pharmacological treatment of symptomatic nOH includes salt supplement, fludrocortisone, midodrine, pyridostigmine, and other empiric medications. Despite these options, treatment of symptomatic nOH remains suboptimal, often limited by severe increases in supine blood pressure. Droxidopa, an oral prodrug converted by decarboxylation to norepinephrine, is a promising therapeutic option for symptomatic nOH in PD, improving symptoms of nOH, daily activities, falls, and standing systolic blood pressure in several recent trials. These trials demonstrated short-term efficacy and tolerability, with comparable increases in standing and supine blood pressures. Longer-term studies are ongoing to confirm durability of treatment effect.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of thylakoid from two microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina) reveals two different high light-responsive strategies (2014)

Under high light (HL) stress, astaxanthin-accumulating Haematococcus pluvialis and β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina showed different responsive patterns. To elucidate cellular-regulating strategies photosynthetically and metabolically, thylakoid membrane proteins in H. pluvialis and D. salina were extracted and relatively quantified after 0 h, 24 h and 48 h of HL stress. Proteomic analysis showed that three subunits of the cytochrome b6/f complex were greatly reduced under HL stress in H. pluvialis, while they were increased in D. salina. Additionally, the major subunits of both photosystem (PS) II and PSI reaction center proteins were first reduced and subsequently recovered in H. pluvialis, while they were gradually reduced in D. salina. D. salina also showed a greater ability to function using the xanthophyll-cycle and the cyclic photosynthetic electron transfer pathway compared to H. pluvialis. We propose a reoriented and effective HL-responsive strategy in H. pluvialis, enabling it to acclimate under HL. The promising metabolic pathway described here contains a reorganized pentose phosphate pathway, Calvin cycle and glycolysis pathway participating in carbon sink formation under HL in H. pluvialis. Additionally, the efficient carbon reorientation strategy in H. pluvialis was verified by elevated extracellular carbon assimilation and rapid conversion into astaxanthin.
Skew and Slant Angles of Handwritten Signature (2013)

For any signature verification system, detection and correction of skew and slant angles are two important factors in preprocessing stage. To make an efficient verification system, the input signature image should be perfectly preprocessed as far as possible so that we can properly extract the required features. In correction of skew angle, attempt is made that word orientation of the signature is parallel to horizontal direction. On the other hand, in slant angle correction, operations are performed to make all the vertical strokes erect [1]. This paper presents three different approaches for detection of a signature’s skew angle. Also it is explained how a slant angle can be detected and corrected.
Single-pass restore after a media failure. (2015)

Abstract: When persistent storage fails, traditional media recovery first restores an old backup image followed by replaying the recovery log since the last backup operation. Restoring a backup can take hours, but log replay often takes much longer due to its random access pattern. We introduce single-pass restore, a technique in which restoration of all backups and log replay are performed in a single operation. This allows hiding log replay within the initial restore of the backup, thus substantially reducing the time and cost of media recovery and, incidentally, rendering incremental backup techniques unnecessary. Single-pass restore is enabled by a new organization of the log archive, created by a continuous process that is easily incorporated into the traditional log archiving process. Our empirical analysis shows that the imposed overhead is negligible in comparison with the substantial benefits provided. 1
Effect of Heat Acclimation on Sweat Minerals (2008)

Exercise-heat acclimation conserves arm sweat mineral concentrations and possibly whole-body sweat losses of calcium, copper, and magnesium, and may reduce sweat iron and zinc concentrations.
Carbon-13, proton spin-spin coupling. 7. Pyridinium ion (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13, proton spin-spin coupling. 7. Pyridinium ionHorst Seel and Harald GuentherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 23, 7051–7054Publication Date (Print):November 5, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00543a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00543a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts