gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient flooding with Passive Clustering (PC) in ad hoc networks (2002)

An ad hoc network is a fast deployable self-configuring wireless network characterized by node mobility, dynamic topology structure, unreliable media and limited power supply. Nodes in an ad hoc network must cooperate and carry out a distributed routing protocol in order to make multi-hop communications possible. On Demand Routing is one of the most popular routing styles in ad hoc networks. In On Demand Routing, "flooding" is used to find a feasible route from source to destination. The function of flooding is to deliver a packet from one source to every other node in the system. Conventional flooding can be very costly in On Demand networks in terms of network throughput efficiency as well as node energy consumption. The main reason is that the same packet is rebroadcast unnecessarily several times (redundant rebroadcast). Indeed, the penalty of redundant rebroadcast increases when the size of network grows and the density of network increases. In this paper we introduce a novel clustering scheme, call Passive Clustering that can reduce the redundant rebroadcast effect in flooding. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in the AODV (Ad hoc, On demand Distance Vector) routing scheme.
Impact of EGR Quality on the Total Inert Dilution Ratio (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A series of tests were performed on a gasoline powered engine with a Dedicated EGR<sup>®</sup> (D-EGR<sup>®</sup>) system. The results showed that changes in engine performance, including improvements in burn rates and stability and changes in emissions levels could not be adequately accounted for solely due to the presence of reformate in the EGR stream. In an effort to adequately characterize the engine's behavior, a new parameter was developed, the Total Inert Dilution Ratio (TIDR), which accounts for the changes in the EGR quality as inert gases are replaced by reactive species such as CO and H<sub>2</sub>. By calculating the TIDR and using this factor, rather than the reformation ratio or EGR rate, the results of the testing and sources of combustion improvement in the engine can be segregated into improvements due to the presence of reformate, such as initial kernel formation periods and unburned hydrocarbon emissions, and improvements due to the reduction in the total inert dilution levels, such as the emissions of the oxides of nitrogen and the fully turbulent combustion period.</div></div>
Responsiveness of cytogenetically discrete human myeloma cell lines to lenalidomide: lack of correlation with cereblon and interferon regulatory factor 4 expression levels (2013)

The introduction of novel immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) has dramatically improved the survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While it has been shown that patients with specific cytogenetic subtypes, namely t(4;14), have the best outcomes when treated with bortezomib-based regimens, the relationship between cytogenetic subtypes and response to IMiDs remains unclear. Using DNA synthesis assays, we investigated the relationship between cytogenetic subtype and lenalidomide response in a representative panel of human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). We examined HMCL protein expression levels of the lenalidomide target cereblon (CRBN) and its downstream target interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4), which have previously been shown to be predictive of lenalidomide response in HMCLs. Our results reveal that lenalidomide response did not correlate with specific cytogenetic translocations. There were distinct groups of lenalidomide-responsive and non-responsive HMCLs, as defined by inhibition of cellular proliferation; notably, all of the hyperdiploid HMCLs fell into the latter category. Repeated dosing of lenalidomide significantly lowered the IC50 of the responsive HMCL ALMC-1 (IC50 = 2.6 μm vs. 0.005 μm, P < 0.0001), but did not have an effect on the IC50 of the non-responsive DP-6 HMCL (P > 0.05). Moreover, no association was found between lenalidomide responsiveness and CRBN and IRF4 expression. Our data indicate that lenalidomide sensitivity is independent of cytogenetic subtype in HMCLs. While CRBN and IRF4 have been shown to be associated with response to lenalidomide in patients, these findings do not translate back to HMCLs, which could be attributable to factors present in the bone marrow microenvironment.
Robust moving camera calibration for synthesizing free viewpoint soccer video (2016)

In this paper, a robust moving camera calibration method is proposed in order to synthesize a free viewpoint soccer video with a high degree of accuracy. The main problem in video registration-based moving camera calibration is that the calibration accuracy is very low if the detected feature points are from moving objects. In order to solve this problem, the proposed method tracks the feature points along video frames to construct a trajectory matrix of feature points, and the trajectory matrix is decomposed into a low-rank matrix representing global camera motion and a sparse matrix representing local individual motion. Therefore, according to such decomposition, the individual motions of dynamic feature points that are from moving objects could be suppressed and removed. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves more accurate calibration result and the visual quality of a synthesized free viewpoint soccer video is also improved by the proposed method.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 IgA antibody in breast milk and serum (1994)

Breast-feeding plays a potentially significant role in mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The additional transmission risk attributable to breast-feeding and the factors that enhance or inhibit transmission are presently unknown. One mechanism by which breast milk might inhibit HIV-1 transmission is the presence of specific antibodies directed against HIV-1 in breast milk of seropositive mothers. In this study serum and breast milk samples from women in Nairobi, Kenya, were tested to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 IgA antibodies. A Western blot test developed in our laboratory was used to detect anti-HIV-1 immunoglobulin A in serum and anti-HIV-1 secretory IgA (sIgA) in breast milk. Ninety-four percent of 63 HIV-1 seropositive women had anti-HIV-1 IgA in serum and 59% had anti-HIV-1 sIgA in their breast milk. No significant associations with maternal characteristics or serum anti-HIV-1 IgA or IgG banding patterns and the presence of anti-HIV-1 sIgA in breast milk were found. No protective effect of anti-HIV-1 sIgA was seen regarding mother to child transmission; however, further studies are necessary to determine the effect of these antibodies in maternal sera or in breast milk on the efficacy of HIV-1 transmission.
Clinical studies on the phenylethylamine hypothesis of affective disorder: urine and blood phenylacetic acid and phenylalanine dietary supplements. (1986)

To test the hypothesis that 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) modulates affect, plasma levels and urinary excretion of its main metabolite, phenylacetic acid (PAA), were studied in depressed and manic subjects, and the mood-elevating effects of its precursor, L-phenylalanine, were studied in depressed subjects. Mean total plasma PAA concentrations were 491.83 +/- 232.84 ng/ml in 12 healthy volunteers and 300.33 +/- 197.44 ng/ml in 23 drug-free patients with major depression. The 24-hour urinary PAA excretion was also measured in 48 healthy volunteers (141.1 +/- 10.2 mg PAA/24 hr) and in 144 patients with major depression (78.2 +/- 41.0 mg PAA/24 hr). The results suggest that low plasma and urinary PAA may be state markers for depression and are compatible with the PEA hypothesis. In further support, phenylalanine elevated mood in 31 of 40 depressives.
The crystal structure of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 C-terminal end is the first mammalian UGT target to be revealed: the significance for human UGTs from both the 1A and 2B families (2009)

Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.17) (UGTs) are major phase II metabolism enzymes that detoxify a multitude of endo- and xenobiotics through the covalent addition of a glucuronic acid moiety. UGTs are promiscuous enzymes that regulate the levels of numerous important endobiotics in a range of tissues, and inactivate most therapeutic compounds in concert with phase I enzymes. In spite of the importance of these enzymes, we have only a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing their substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Until recently, no three-dimensional structural information was available for any mammalian UGT. The 1.8-å resolution apo crystal structure of the UDP-glucuronic acid binding domain of human UGT2B7 (2B7CT) is the only structure of a mammalian UGT target determined to date. In this review, we summarize what has been learned about human UGT function from the analysis of this and other related glycosyltransferase (GT) crystal structures.
Chronic Treatment with a Promnesiant GABA-A -Selective Inverse Agonist Increases Immediate Early Genes Expression during Memory Processing in Mice and Rectifies Their Expression Levels in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model (2011)

Decrease of GABAergic transmission has been proposed to improve memory functions. Indeed, inverse agonists selective for α5 GABA-A-benzodiazepine receptors (α5IA) have promnesiant activity. Interestingly, we have recently shown that α5IA can rescue cognitive deficits in Ts65Dn mice, a Down syndrome mouse model with altered GABAergic transmission. Here, we studied the impact of chronic treatment with α5IA on gene expression in the hippocampus of Ts65Dn and control euploid mice after being trained in the Morris water maze task. In euploid mice, chronic treatment with α5IA increased IEGs expression, particularly of c-Fos and Arc genes. In Ts65Dn mice, deficits of IEGs activation were completely rescued after treatment with α5IA. In addition, normalization of Sod1 overexpression in Ts65Dn mice after α5IA treatment was observed. IEG expression regulation after α5IA treatment following behavioral stimulation could be a contributing factor for both the general promnesiant activity of α5IA and its rescuing effect in Ts65Dn mice alongside signaling cascades that are critical for memory consolidation and cognition.
Background learning for robust face recognition (2003)

In this paper, we propose a robust face recognition technique based on the principle of eigenfaces. The traditional eigenface recognition (EFR) method works quite well when the input test patterns are cropped faces. However, when confronted with recognizing faces embedded in arbitrary backgrounds, the EFR method fails to discriminate effectively between faces and background patterns, giving rise to many false alarms. In order to improve robustness in the presence of background, we argue in favor of learning the distribution of background patterns. A background space is constructed from the background patterns and this space together with the face space is used for recognizing faces. The proposed method outperforms the traditional EFR technique and gives very good results even on complicated scenes.
How to build a centromere: from centromeric and pericentromeric chromatin to kinetochore assemblyThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 27th International West Coast Chromatin and Chromosome Conference, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process. (2006)

The assembly of the centromere, a specialized region of DNA along with a constitutive protein complex which resides at the primary constriction and is the site of kinetochore formation, has been puzzling biologists for many years. Recent advances in the fields of chromatin, microscopy, and proteomics have shed a new light on this complex and essential process. Here we review recently discovered mechanisms and proteins involved in determining mammalian centromere location and assembly. The centromeric core protein CENP-A, a histone H3 variant, is hypothesized to designate centromere localization by incorporation into centromere-specific nucleosomes and is essential for the formation of a functional kinetochore. It has been found that centromere localization of centromere protein A (CENP-A), and therefore centromere determination, requires proteins involved in histone deacetylation, as well as base excision DNA repair pathways and proteolysis. In addition to the incorporation of CENP-A at the centromere, the formation of heterochromatin through histone methylation and RNA interference is also crucial for centromere formation. The assembly of the centromere and kinetochore is complex and interdependent, involving epigenetics and hierarchical protein–protein interactions.
<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Hepatic Differentiation of Adult Somatic Stem Cells and Extraembryonic Stem Cells for Treating End Stage Liver Diseases (2015)

The shortage of liver donors is a major handicap that prevents most patients from receiving liver transplantation and places them on a waiting list for donated liver tissue. Then, primary hepatocyte transplantation and bioartificial livers have emerged as two alternative treatments for these often fatal diseases. However, another problem has emerged. Functional hepatocytes for liver regeneration are in short supply, and they will dedifferentiate immediately in vitro after they are isolated from liver tissue. Alternative stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies, including hepatic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are more promising, and more attention has been devoted to these approaches because of the high potency and proliferation ability of the cells. This review will focus on the general characteristics and the progress in hepatic differentiation of adult somatic stem cells and extraembryonic stem cells in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of end stage liver diseases. The hepatic differentiation of stem cells would offer an ideal and promising source for cell therapy and tissue engineering for treating liver diseases.
Clinical Efficacy of Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and Prostate Specific Antigen in the Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer (1996)

We recommend the clinical use of bone alkaline phosphatase enzyme determined by radioimmunoassay and PSA measurement for the diagnosis of bone metastases and progression of prostate cancer because of the good sensitivity and specificity.
Theoretical Perspectives on Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part I (2017)

With chapters written by leading scholars and researchers, the third edition of A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health provides an updated, comprehensive review of the sociology of mental health. The volume presents an overview of the historical, social, and institutional frameworks for understanding mental health and illness. Part I examines the social factors that shape psychiatric diagnosis and the measurement of mental health and illness, the theories that explain the definition and treatment of mental disorders, and cultural variability in mental health. The section addresses the DSM-5 and its potential influence on diagnosis and research on mental health outcomes. Part II investigates the effects of social context on mental health and illness. Part III focuses on the organization, delivery, and social context of mental health treatment. The chapters in Part III address the likely impact of the Affordable Care Act on mental health care. This volume is a key resource for students, researchers, advocates, and policymakers seeking to understand mental health and mental health delivery systems.
Panitumumab and irinotecan versus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type, fluorouracil-resistant advanced colorectal cancer (PICCOLO): a prospectively stratified randomised trial (2013)

Cancer Research UK, Amgen Inc.
Integration, segregation, and binocular combination (2005)

The human visual system can accurately judge the mean of a distribution of different orientation samples. We ask whether the site of this integration is before or after the sites of binocular combination and disparity processing. Furthermore, we are interested in whether the efficiency with which local orientation information is integrated depends on the eye of origin. Our results suggest that orientation integration occurs after binocular integration but before disparity coding. We show that the effectiveness of added orientation noise is not only less than expected on signal or noise grounds but also that it depends on the dominance of the eye to which it is presented, suggesting an interocular opponent interaction in which the dominant eye input has higher gain.
New Multiple Choice Formats: The Omission Item (1996)

The omission item in a multiple choice test consists of a text in which four or five words or phrases are marked, only one of which is essential to the grammatical, syntactic or logical coherence of the text. Such items have a number of advantages: they allow authentic language materials to be used; a wide range of facility indices can be achieved, including those required for advanced and sophisticated learners of English as a foreign language as well as native speakers; the discrimination indices are unusually high, which suggests that the item taps layers of ability in understanding difficult texts. The format allows a number of variations: the key can be defined as the string which is essential, but also the string which is disposable (mere verbiage or deadwood). Half a dozen examples of these types is presented, together with the results of a factor analysis based on trials involving up to 500 candidates.
Adaptation of String Matching Algorithms for Identification of Near-Duplicate Music Documents (2007)

The number of copyright registrations for music documents is increasing each year. Computer-based systems may help to detect near-duplicate music documents and plagiarisms. The main part of the existing systems for the comparison of symbolic music are based on string matching algorithms and represent music as sequences of notes. Nevertheless, adaptation to the musical context raises specific problems and a direct adaptation does not lead to an accurate detection algorithm: indeed, very different sequences can represent very similar musical pieces. We are developing an improved system which mainly considers melody but takes also into account elements of music theory in order to detect musically important differences between sequences. In this paper, we present the improvements proposed by our system in the context of the near-duplicate music document detection. Several experiments with famous music copyright infringement cases are proposed. In both monophonic and polyphonic context, the system allows the detection of plagiarisms. 1.
Developing multimedia applications (1991)

The history of multimedia is reviewed, and a structured set of recommendations for those wishing to develop their own multimedia applications is provided. These pragmatic, operational recommendations, which are based on three video-disc-based multimedia projects successfully completed inexpensively at the author's institution, are embodied in a multiphased approach. Following a description of the above projects, four projects for developers of multimedia applications are proposed. The goals are, respectively, to gain disc manufacturing experience, work with multimedia application development software, work with existing audio-visual materials to develop a new multimedia application, and develop new audio-visual materials for a new multimedia application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
β<sub>2</sub>-Glycoprotein I Promotes the Binding of Anionic Phospholipid Vesicles by Macrophages (1999)

Beta(2)-Glycoprotein I is a single-chain 50-kDa protein that circulates in plasma at a concentration of approximately 200 microg/mL. Its physiological role remains uncertain, but an important clue is the frequent presence of antibodies to this protein in patients with recurrent thrombosis. We have isolated beta(2)-glycoprotein I and examined its effect on the binding of phosphatidylserine (PS) vesicles by human monocyte-derived macrophages and by phorbol ester-stimulated THP-1 cells. beta(2)-Glycoprotein I stimulated the binding of PS vesicles by these cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Vesicles containing other anionic phospholipids, such as cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, or cardiolipin, inhibited the binding, whereas PC vesicles had no effect. Platelet-derived microvesicles, which contain anionic phospholipid on the outer leaflet of their phospholipid bilayer, also inhibited beta(2)-glycoprotein I-dependent binding of anionic phospholipid vesicles. The binding is associated with incorporation of phospholipid in the cell membrane and internalization of beta(2)-glycoprotein I. These findings suggest a physiological function for beta(2)-glycoprotein I in the clearance of procoagulant anionic phospholipid-containing cell surfaces from the circulation.
One-Shot Action Localization by Learning Sequence Matching Network (2018)

Learning based temporal action localization methods require vast amounts of training data. However, such large-scale video datasets, which are expected to capture the dynamics of every action category, are not only very expensive to acquire but are also not practical simply because there exists an uncountable number of action classes. This poses a critical restriction to the current methods when the training samples are few and rare (e.g. when the target action classes are not present in the current publicly available datasets). To address this challenge, we conceptualize a new example-based action detection problem where only a few examples are provided, and the goal is to find the occurrences of these examples in an untrimmed video sequence. Towards this objective, we introduce a novel one-shot action localization method that alleviates the need for large amounts of training samples. Our solution adopts the one-shot learning technique of Matching Network and utilizes correlations to mine and localize actions of previously unseen classes. We evaluate our one-shot action localization method on the THUMOS14 and ActivityNet datasets, of which we modified the configuration to fit our one-shot problem setup.
The effect of wrist cuff width on oscillometric blood pressure waveforms (2008)

Accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement with any method is affected by cuff size. Narrow cuff\noverestimates BP and wide cuff underestimates BP. Wrist cuff oscillometric BP monitors typically use narrow\ncuffs with bladders about 6 cm wide. The segment of the radial artery compressed by the wrist cuff presents a\nhydraulic resistance (Rc) to blood flow during BP measurement. Narrow cuff presents smaller Rc than wide cuff.\nChanges in Rc alter the amplitude envelope of oscillometric waveforms. Narrow cuff allows blood flow under\nthe cuff and into the hand sooner than wide cuff. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that narrow cuff\nalters the amplitude envelope in a manner that results in increased BP values when characteristic ratio algorithm\nis used. A specialized experimental system was used to acquire wrist oscillometric BP data from a narrow (6 cm)\ncuff and from a wide (10 cm) cuff. Data were acquired from 10 volunteers in sitting position. The results\nconfirmed the objective of the study. All narrow cuff BPs were higher than either the reference BPs or wide cuff\nBPs. Wide cuff algorithmic BPs were similar to the reference BPs. Wider wrist cuffs appear to be desirable for\nimproved accuracy and reliability of wrist BP monitors.