gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-Line Compression by Extensible Motifs (2005)

Summary form only given. We present lossy off-line data compression techniques by textual substitution in which the patterns used in compression are chosen among the extensible motifs that are found to recur in the textstring with a minimum pre-specified frequency. A motif is to be interpreted here as a sequence of intermixed solid and don't care characters that obeys, in addition, some conditions of saturations: most notably, it must be not possible to eliminate some don't cares in the pattern without having to forfeit some of its occurrences. Motif discovery and motif-driven parses of various kinds have been previously introduced and used in Apostolico et al. (2004) and Apostolico et al. (2003). Whereas the motifs considered in those studies are "rigid", here we assume that each sequence of gaps present in a motif comes endowed with some individually prescribed degree of elasticity, whereby a same pattern may be stretched to fit segments of the source that match at all the solid characters but are otherwise of different lengths. This is expected to save on the size of the codebook, and hence to improve compression.
Phthalocyanine polymers. IV. Novel type of thermally stable polyimides derived from metal phthalocyanine tetramines and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (1982)

Abstract Poly(metal phthalocyanine)imides of copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc were synthesized by the reaction of metal phthalocyanino tetramines with benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. These polymers were characterized by elemental analyses and IR, TGA, and inherent viscosity studies. Noteworthy features of these phthalocyanine polymers are their remarkable thermal and thermooxidative stabilities with char yields at 800°C that range from 78 to 83% in a nitrogen atmosphere. The relative thermal stabilities of these polymers have been evaluated by activation energy measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Observation of TiH<sub>5</sub> and TiH<sub>7</sub> in Bulk‐Phase TiH<sub>3</sub> Gels for Kubas‐Type Hydrogen Storage. (2014)

Abstract Porous Ti III hydride gels of type (II) are prepared as promising new hydrogen storage materials exploiting the first example of a solid state homoleptic metal hydride that binds further H 2 ligands via the Kubas interaction [→ (III)].
New assay systems for thyrotropin receptor antibodies (1999)

The detection of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor is a useful tool for the diagnosis of Graves’ disease. Historically, there are two established methods for this purpose. One is the radioreceptor assay based on the porcine TSH-R, where autoantibodies and labelled bovine TSH compete for the binding sites of the receptor. The other method is based on the ability of some autoantibodies similar to TSH to induce the second messenger cAMP in certain cell lines. These so-called bioassays are able to distinguish between stimulating or blocking autoantibodies, based on their biologic activity, to either enhance or inhibit the cAMP production. Ten years after the cloning of the human TSH-R, these two basic detection principles were finally improved. In this article, the author summarizes the latest developments in TSH-R autoantibody assay technology and outlines the current research on alternative approaches, such as direct-binding assays. Controversies related to autoantibody terminology and assay interpretation are also addressed.
Laser pulse heating and vapor front generation (2008)

Abstract Laser nonconduction limited heating situation results in cavity formation and vapor front development above the cavity. As laser heating progresses, cavity wall recesses towards the solid bulk while the vapor front expands into its ambient due to recoil pressure generated at liquid‐vapor interface in the cavity. To obtain velocity, temperature, and pressure fields in the evaporating front become challenging, since the process involves with transient evaporation of the surface during the absorption of the laser energy by the solid substrate. In the present study, phase change processes taking place in the substrate material during a laser heating process are modeled using an energy method and evaporating front behavior is modeled using the transient flow equations. Since the problem is involved with the multi‐physics, the numerical technique is introduced to solve the resulting governing equations. The water ambient is assumed around the cavity in order to resemble the laser processing situation, particularly for laser shock processing. It is found that for nanosecond pulses with high intensity, the recession velocity of the surface reaches about 100 m/s at the symmetry axis and the recoil pressure of in the order of 10 GPa is generated in the cavity as a result of rapid evaporation. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Abstract 13041: Identification of a Human Resistin Receptor That Mediates Inflammatory Actions (2012)

Background: Resistin is an adipokine first identified as a mediator of insulin resistance in obese mice. In human, however, resistin mainly resides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and aggrava...
Thermal Applications of Cellular Lattice Structures (2007)

Numerous methods have recently emerged for fabricating cellular lattice structures with unit cells that can be repeated to create 3D space filling systems with very high interconnected pore fractions. These lattice structures possess exceptional mechanical strength resulting in highly efficient load supporting systems when configured as the cores of sandwich panels. These same structures also provide interesting possibilities for cross flow heat exchange. In this scenario, heat is transported from a locally heated facesheet through the lattice structure by conduction and is dissipated by a cross flow that propagates through the low flow resistant pore passages. The combination of efficient thermal conduction along the lattice trusses and low flow resistance through the pore channels results in highly efficient cross flow heat exchange. Recent research is investigating the use of hollow truss structures that enable their simultaneous use as heat pipes which significantly increases the efficiency of heat transport through the lattice and their mechanical strength. The relationships between heat transfer, frictional flow losses and topology of the lattice structure are discussed and opportunities for future developments identified.
Detection of Sodium Channel Toxins: Directed Cytotoxicity Assays of Purified Ciguatoxins, Brevetoxins, Saxitoxins, and Seafood Extracts (1995)

Neuroblastoma cells in culture were used to detect sodium channel-specific marine toxins based on an end-point determination of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. The assay responds in a dose-dependent manner to ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and saxitoxins, and delineates the toxic activity as either sodium channel enhancing or sodium channel blocking. The assay responds rapidly to sodium channel activating toxins, allowing dose dependent detection in 4 to 6 h. Brevetoxins can be detected at 250 pg, and purified ciguatoxins are detected in the low picogram and subpicogram levels. The results obtained from cell bioassay of ciguatoxic finfish extracts correlates with those obtained from mouse bioassays. Sodium channel blocking toxins can also be detected with an approximate sensitivity of 20 pg in 24 to 48 h. This cell-based technique is simple, sensitive, demonstrates potential as an alternative to animal testing for sodium channel activating and blocking toxins, and can be automated.
Offloading Semantic Mashup by On-Path Routers for IoT Applications (2018)

Semantic mashup for IoT applications is one of the major functionalities provided by IoT middleware servers, such as in oneM2M architecture. However, the current centralized approach does have many issues that could jeopardize the network performance and clients' experience. This paper proposes to offload the semantic mashup at en-route routers. The future routers will have more intensive processing and computation capabilities. It is likely that the IP packet could be extended with more blocks to express client's customized requests. The paper proposes one of such extensions to incorporate the semantic mashup logic such that the ultimate target data may be returned by an on-path router. We model the transmission overhead performance and provide the numerical results to compare the existing and the proposed approaches. The proposed scheme shows dramatically improved performances with the feasibility to scale and implement.
Cardiomyocytes From Human and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2007)

Human and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to differentiate to cardiomyocytes in culture. They are therefore of interest for studying early human and mouse heart development, as well as properties of cardiomyocytes from both species, including their responses to cardiac drugs, and, at some point in the future, may represent a source of transplantable cells for cardiac muscle repair. The differentiation protocols that are effective depend in part on the species from which the ES cell lines were derived, and in part on the individual cell lines and the methods used for their propagation prior to differentiation. Here, several methods for generating and characterizing cardiomyocytes from mouse and human ES cells are described, as well as methods for dissociation of cardiomyocytes into single-cell suspensions which are useful both for characterizing cells by antibody staining and electrophysiological measurements, as well as preparing cells for transplantation into (animal) hearts.
Immunomodulation of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by pertussis toxin: the protective activity, but not the disease-enhancing activity, can be attributed to the nontoxic B-oligomer. (1997)

Bordetella pertussis and its major virulence component, pertussis toxin (PT), have been used routinely to promote the development of such murine experimental autoimmune diseases as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recently, we reported that B. pertussis also can protect against EAE. The protective activity was assigned to PT, a complex holomer composed of an A-promoter, the toxic S1 subunit, and a B-oligomer comprised of subunits S2, S3, S4, and S5. Although some data are available to explain how PT can enhance the development of EAE, nothing is known about the mechanism by which it protects against the disease. Toward understanding how PT can have such conflicting effects on EAE, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of the various components of PT. Herein we show that the enhancing and protective activities reside within different regions of the PT holomer. Thus, though S1 appeared essential in imparting enhancing activity to PT, it played no role of importance in disease protection, and the protective effects of PT could be assigned fully to the B-oligomer. Further investigation with gel-purified PT subunits revealed that B-oligomer subunits protected against EAE to varying extent, with S3 being the most protective. These data suggest a potential therapeutic application for the B-oligomer or some of its subunits, which appear to be potent protective agents, without the toxicity or disease-promoting activity associated with PT.
TGF-β MIMICS AND ANTI-TGF-β REVERSES THE FIBROGENIC AND NEPHROTOXIC EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORINE (1998)

306 The main limitation to cyclosporin's (CsA) use is the associated nephrotoxicity. We have previously demonstrated that CsA induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine which has anti-proliferative as well as fibrogenic properties, both in-vivo and in-vitro. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that TGF-β mediates the upregulation of fibrogenic proteins which could lead to the nephrotoxic effects of CsA. Mice (n=6) treated with CsA (25 mg/Kg) i.p. daily for 7 days were sacrificed either at 10 or 28 days post last injection. In an identical CsA protocol, a second group of mice was also treated with anti-TGF-β monoclonal antibody on day 7. Control mice for these two groups were treated with oil. To compare the effects of CsA with TGF-β, a third group of mice were also treated with purified TGF-β (150 ng/day for 3 days) and control mice for this latter group were injected with PBS-BSA. The nephrotoxic effects were studied both by direct histopathological changes in periodic acid schiff's reagent stained thin kidney sections as well as intra-renal expression of TGF-β, collagen and fibronectin genes by RT-PCR. TGF-β protein expression in these kidneys was also investigated using immunohistochemistry. CsA induced intra-renal expression of TGF-β, collagen, and fibronectin genes, the induction was neutralized in mice treated with anti-TGF-β antibody. TGF-β protein expression was observed in the tubules, outer cortex and interstitium of the kidneys treated with CsA but not in mice treated with CsA and anti-TGF-β antibody and controls. CsA and TGF-β treatment caused similar histopathological changes of vauolization of epithelial cells in the proximal convoluated tubules and thrombotic microangiopathy (arrows). Manipulation of TGF-β levels by anti-TGF -β mAb treatment could alter in-vivo effect of CsA and changes of vauolization of epithelial cells in the proximal conovulated tubules and thrombotic-microangiopathy were not see (arrow). These data demonstrate that the CsA induced fibrogenic gene expression and early histologic changes in the kidney appear to be mediated by TGF-β, suggesting a role for this cytokine in CsA induced nephrotoxicity. Figure
Xenon Preconditioning Reduces Brain Damage from Neonatal Asphyxia in Rats (2005)

Xenon attenuates on-going neuronal injury in both in vitro and in vivo models of hypoxic-ischaemic injury when administered during and after the insult. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether the neuroprotective efficacy of xenon can be observed when administered before an insult, referred to as 'preconditioning'. In a neuronal-glial cell coculture, preexposure to xenon for 2 h caused a concentration-dependent reduction of lactate dehydrogenase release from cells deprived of oxygen and glucose 24 h later; xenon's preconditioning effect was abolished by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Preconditioning with xenon decreased propidium iodide staining in a hippocampal slice culture model subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. In an in vivo model of neonatal asphyxia involving hypoxic-ischaemic injury to 7-day-old rats, preconditioning with xenon reduced infarction size when assessed 7 days after injury. Furthermore, a sustained improvement in neurologic function was also evident 30 days after injury. Phosphorylated cAMP (cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate)-response element binding protein (pCREB) was increased by xenon exposure. Also, the prosurvival proteins Bcl-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were upregulated by xenon treatment. These studies provide evidence for xenon's preconditioning effect, which might be caused by a pCREB-regulated synthesis of proteins that promote survival against neuronal injury.
Quantum dots for semiconductor optical amplifiers (2005)

This paper reviews the recent progress of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers, especially highlighting the properties of ultrawide band, high power, and low distortion, and signal regeneration at 40 Gb/s newly achieved in the 1.5 /spl mu/m band.
Electron beam blanker optics (1990)

Closed form analytic solutions for electrons interacting with a double-deflection blanker have been developed and implemented as a c-language program. The double-deflection blanker has a transmission line connecting the upper and lower pairs of plates, which can reduce beam positional jitter when the signal propagation time is correctly set. Several proposed design rules for setting the delay time in terms of blanker geometry are evaluated, but these are shown to be insufficient to determine the optimum. A damped cosine function represents the voltage produced by the blanking circuit and models ringing, overshoot, and slew rate. The onset of current transmission is related to blanker voltage and aperture size. The fringe field effect can be accounted for by combining the analysis with an experimental measurement of blanker sensitivity to determine the effective blanker plate length. The design is able to support 160 MHz blanking and 7.5 V/ns slew rate in a 10-kV electron beam lithography system and maintain 0.01-μm positional accuracy over the entire exposure.
Reflective liquid crystal polarization gratings with high efficiency and small pitch (2008)

We report our experimental success in realizing high efficiency liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPGs) on reflective substrates, with periods as small as 2.2μm, enabling the largest switchable LCPG diffraction angles reported yet for red light. Moreover, these gratings retain nearly ideal electro-optical properties, including > 95% hologram efficiency, high polarization contrast, sub-millisecond total switching times, and relatively low voltage operation (thresholds ~1.5V). We discuss two different fabrication approaches, each with its own set of advantages, which have resulted in gratings with the above compelling properties. We anticipate broad utility of these diffractive elements in a variety of applications.
Antimycotic imidazoles. 5. Synthesis and antimycotic properties of 1-[[2-aryl-4-(arylalkyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazoles (1981)

The synthesis of 1-[[2-aryl-4-(arylalkyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazoles is described starting with phenylacetyl bromides or 1-(phenylacetyl)imidazoles. The compounds were generally obtained as cis/trans mixtures and and found to be active in vitro against dermatophytes, yeast, other fungi, and Gram-positive bacteria. Some also showed good activity against Candida albicans in vivo.
Adsorption of N<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> by Ion-Exchanged Silicoaluminophosphate Nanoporous Sorbents:  Interaction with Monovalent, Divalent, and Trivalent Cations (2007)

Na-SAPO-34 sorbents were ion-exchanged with several cations (Ag+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ti3+, and Ce3+) to study their effect on the adsorption of similar size light gases, namely, nitrogen and methane. Measurements of adsorption equilibria were performed at different temperatures (273−348 K) and pressures (<1 atm). Isotherms for the functionalized SAPO-34 materials displayed a nonlinear behavior and, in many cases, did not follow the traditional pore-filling mechanism. For sorbents containing divalent cations, the nitrogen adsorption capacity increased with increasing cation size. Adsorption isotherms for trivalent exchanged cations showed what appears to be partial blockage of pore windows, resulting in low adsorption capacities for both sorbates. Analysis of isosteric heats of adsorption as a function of loading indicated that all sorbents exhibit a relatively low heterogeneity. The surface interactions were analyzed according to electrostatic and nonspecific contributions. It was concluded that the sorbents textural properties dominated the uptake process for both sorbates. Finally, diffusion time constants (D/L2) were estimated by fitting nitrogen and methane fractional uptake data, respectively, with different transport phenomenological models. The systematic analysis indicated that the SAPO-34 sorbent particles polydispersity plays a crucial role in diffusion transport.
Co-detection by two imidazoline receptor protein antisera of a novel 85 kilodalton protein (1998)

Imidazoline receptors (I-receptors) are considered as potential therapeutic targets for a spectrum of stress-induced illnesses. Yet, I-receptors remain poorly defined at the molecular level. In this study, candidate imidazoline receptor proteins were compared using two imidazoline receptor-selective antisera of diverse origins. One antiserum was derived from affinity-purified imidazoline-binding protein. The second antiserum was produced as an anti-idiotypic antiserum, from purified IgG selective for imidazolines. Despite such diverse origins, both antisera co-identified an 85 kDa band on western blots from a variety of tissues. The integrity of the 85 kDa band was dependent on protection by eight different protease inhibitors. Other proteolytic breakdown products (obtained after homogenization with only one protease inhibitor) were comparable in size to previously reported smaller immunoreactive bands. The full-size 85 kDa band was also enriched in plasma membrane fractions and abundant in rat PC12 cells and brain regions known to be abundant in I1 binding sites. Furthermore, the immunodensity of the 85 kDa band, against anti-idiotypic antiserum, was linearly correlated with reported I1 site radioligand Bmax values (r2 = 0.8736, P = 0.0002) across nine rat tissues. Therefore, a possible candidate for the full-length imidazoline receptor(s) appears to be an 85 kDa protein.
Highly virulent Marek’s disease virus strains affect T lymphocyte function and viability of splenocytes in commercial meat-type chickens (2019)

In previous studies, we have demonstrated that very virulent plus Marek's disease viruses (vv+MDV) are highly immunosuppressive in commercial meat-type chickens. The specific objectives of this work were to evaluate if vv+MDV immunosuppression (MDV-IS) is induced by reduction of lymphocyte responsiveness and/or viability. Three experiments were conducted to (i) compare vv+MDV 686 with a partially attenuated 686-BAC; (ii) compare vv+MDV strains (648A and 686) with vMDV (GA) and vvMDV (Md5); and (iii) compare chickens vaccinated with Md5-BACΔMEQ and with CVI988 + HVT. In each experiment, spleens were collected at 28-30 days post infection and lymphocytes were isolated and investigated in three ways: their proliferative response to Concanavalin A (ConA) was analysed by MTT proliferation assay; cell death, and expression of CD45 and MHC-I was studied by flow cytometry; and MHC-IA and β-2 microglobulin (B2M) expression was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Splenocytes of chickens inoculated with vv+MDV were severely impaired to proliferate when exposed to ConA. Furthermore, vv+MDV induced severe splenocyte death that did not occur after infection with v or vvMDV strains. Vaccination with CVI988 + HVT, and at less level with Md5-BACΔMEQ reduced these negative effects. This is in contrast to our previous results in which Md5-BACΔMEQ but not CVI988 + HVT protected against MDV-IS suggesting that although cell death and decrease lymphocyte function seem to be related to MDV virulence and certainly will be associated with immunosuppression, they might not fully explain the previously reported MDV-IS. <b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b> vv+MDV induces extensive death in splenocytes in meat-type chickens 28-30 dpi. vv+MDV impairs lymphocyte function in meat-type chickens 28-30 dpi. Vaccination protects against splenocyte death and reduced lymphocyte function. Cell lysis and reduced lymphocyte function do not fully explain MDV-IS.
Highly efficient (11.1%) small molecule multi-junction organic photovoltaic cells (2014)

We present multi-junction small molecule organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with efficiencies over 11%. The devices consist of two or three, vacuum thermally evaporated planar-mixed heterojunction sub-cells with minimal absorption overlap between the cells. By introducing a transparent interconnecting layer, a dual element (tandem) cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 10.0 ± 0.5%. We further improve the cell performance by adding an additional (3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> ) sub-cell that absorbs at the second order optical interference maximum within the stack. The triple-junction cell significantly improves the quantum efficiency at shorter wavelengths, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 11.1 ± 0.5%, which to our knowledge, is the highest reported for a multi-junction OPV cell in the scientific literature.