gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>IN VIVO</i> PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF β‐CAROTENE AGAINST PSORALEN PHOTOTOXICITY (1985)

Abstract— The protective effect of β‐carotene against PUVA‐ and UVB‐induced erythema was determined in groups of albino female Osborne Mendel rats fed standard, placebo or β‐carotene‐fortified diets. After 13 weeks, the backs of selected animals were clipped and the animals received 8MOP orally, 20 mg/kg in corn oil, followed by 5 J/cm 2 UVA irradiation 2 h after dose. A significant β‐carotene protective effect was observed against phototoxicity induced by 8MOP, as measured by erythema production. A correlation was noted between the observed protective effect and β‐carotene serum and skin levels, determined by HPLC. No protective effect against erythema induced by UVB (0.7 J/cm 2 ) was observed in animals fed the β‐carotene‐fortified diet. This report represents the first in vivo demonstration of a protective effect of dietary p‐carotene against psoraten‐induced phototoxicity. Possible mechanisms for the observed β‐carotene‐protective effect are discussed.
Fast and Adaptive Pairwise Similarities for Graph Cuts-based Image Segmentation (2006)

We introduce the use of geodesic distances and geodesic radius for calculating pairwise similarities needed in various graph cuts based methods. By using geodesics on an edge strength function we are able to calculate similarities between pixels in a more natural way. Our technique improves the speed and reliability of calculating similarities and leads to reasonably good image segmentation results. Our algorithm takes an edge strength function as its input and its speed is independent of the feature dimension or the distance measure used.
Testing of PV Arrays in Large Grid-Connected PV Plants Installed in Spain (2008)

Number of large photovoltaic plants (several MW each one) grid-connected in Spain is growing exponentially. IES-UPM has developed a testing protocol for the quality assurance of PV plants which includes testing of PV arrays with a self-made capacitive load. This equipment can measure PV arrays of 100 kWp and over (voltages up to 900 V and currents up to 400 A), just at once without the requirement of separating them into smaller ones. This paper reports results of these measurements of PV arrays from 5 kWp to 130 kWp, and shows the reality of systems which are being installed in Spain.
Apheresis product identification in the transplant center: development of point-of-care protocols for extended blood typing of stem cell apheresis products (2011)

Transfusion of the 'wrong' stem cell product would almost inevitably be lethal, yet assays to confirm the contents of the product bag, except by checking labels and paperwork, are lacking. To increase the likelihood that a product mix-up would be detected in the transplant center, we developed a simple protocol for extended blood typing and hence, for confirmation of donor/product identity, on a tube segment. Apheresis samples were applied, directly or after erythrocyte enrichment, to commercially available blood typing assays, including lateral flow cards and gel agglutination cards. Without sample modification, low hematocrit and high leukocyte count obviated definitive blood typing. Using the most simple erythrocyte enrichment protocol, that is, centrifugation, reliable blood group analysis became possible with either assay. Other, more cumbersome pre-analytical protocols were also successful but provided no advantage. The preferred method was validated on 100 samples; ABD was correctly identified in 100% of cases. Of the other Rh Ags, all except two 'small e', in both cases in heterozygous individuals, were detected; there were no false positives. A simple, inexpensive point-of-care assay for extended blood typing of apheresis products is available, which can reduce the fatal risk of administering the wrong stem cell product.
Nanosecond polarization modulation in vanadium dioxide thin films (2017)

The polarization state of light beams reflecting off thin layers of vanadium dioxide is measured as the material undergoes an insulator-metal phase transition by optical excitation. Under certain conditions, films as thin as 50 nm are shown to rotate linear polarization by 90° in reflection on the nanosecond and potentially shorter timescales. Possible applications for high-contrast optical modulation over a wide spectral range and high bandwidths are discussed.
Reduction in Microbial Load of Wheat by Tempering with Organic Acid and Saline Solutions (2016)

Reducing microbial contamination in wheat is desirable to ensure consumer safety. In this study, the efficacy of adding organic acids and NaCl to tempering water to reduce microbial contamination in hard wheat was evaluated. Hard red winter wheat was tempered to 15.5% moisture by adding sterile distilled water (control) or tempering solutions containing organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic, or propionic; 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 v/v), NaCl (26 or 52% w/v), or a combination of organic acid (acetic or lactic; 2.5 and 5.0% v/v) and NaCl (26 or 52% w/v). After tempering, the microbial load was significantly reduced by all the acid and NaCl treatments when compared with the control. Wheat tempered with 5% acetic, propionic, and lactic acids resulted in reductions of 1.7, 2.3, and 3.8 log colony forming units (CFU) per gram in aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae (Eb), and mold counts, respectively. The combination lactic acid (5.0%) and NaCl (52%) was the most effective against APC and Eb, with an average reduction of 4.3 and 4.7 log CFU/g, respectively. Tempering wheat with organic acids and saline solutions may provide milled products with improved microbiological quality when compared with the traditional tempering process using water.
Study of Intelligent Evacuation Systems of High-Rise Buildings in India-a review (2016)

The paper gives review of literature related to the fire evacuation systems in High-Rise Buildings. It studies the egress components namely stairs, elevators, sky-bridges, and refuge areas to implement one or more evacuation strategies namely total, phased, defend-in-place and delayed evacuation strategy. It reviews the Intelligent Evacuation Management System as an amalgamation of evacuation models (coarse, fine and continuous approach models) and crowd monitoring (GPS, Bluetooth, Computer Vision, RFID, and IR Transmitter and Receiver technology) and prediction (video and non-video based) strategies. It aims to study the technology used in International High-Rise Building Evacuation Systems so as to validate it to improve the evacuation systems in existing High-Rise Buildings in India. This decision model is devised based on information available in the form building and egress specifications as well as information variables like occupant density (RFID technology), spread and location of fire (Smoke Sensor Technology), etc. using the state-of-art technology to guide the rescue team for fast and safe evacuation.
Partial maximum likelihood receiver with instantaneous SNR-based subspace search for multistream MIMO (2005)

In this paper we propose a novel PML (partial maximum likelihood) receiver with instantaneous SNR-based subspace search for multistream MIMO (multi-input multi-output) systems. The soft-decision outputs of the conventional ZF receiver are used as the initial estimates for PML. In contrast to the OSIC (ordered successive interference cancellation) making only one hard decision based on soft-decision estimates, the proposed PML receiver set up a subspace for ML search with multiple candidate constellation points. The number of candidates in the subspace search is based on the instantaneous SNR at each data stream. Finally, the hard-decision estimates can be obtained by minimizing the ML function over the subspace search. Numerical results proved that when the number of transmit antennas is less than 4, the proposed PML considerably outperforms the conventional OSIC with approximately the same or even less complexity.
Cardiovascular pathology in Marfan syndrome — An overview (1995)

The clinical presentation of arachnodactyly, better known as Marfan syndrome, has been recognized for almost 100 years, but it is only relatively recent that McKusick (4) described the clinical presentation in detail and, moreover, identified the syndrome as an inherited connective tissue disease. Despite the heterogeneity in the phenotypic expression of the disease, Marfan syndrome was subsequently characterized as an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder (5). Marfan syndrome occurs with an estimated preference of 1 : 10 000; the majority being familial, but approximately 15–30% of the patients are sporadic (5). The phenotypic features of Marfan syndrome vary, but include skeletal, ocular and cardiovascular manifestations. The skeletal symptoms of Marfan syndrome include increased height, disproportionally long limbs and digits and anterior chest deformities. The typical ocular findings include myopia and subluxation of the lenses. The most serious and often life-threatening manifestations of Marfan syndrome occur in the cardiovascular system. Aortic root dilation and aneurysm formation of the ascending aorta are the most prominent and aortic wall rupture, with or without aortic dissection, is a common cause of death.
Rechargeable Batteries: Grasping for the Limits of Chemistry (2015)

The demand for rechargeable batteries with high gravimetric and volumetric energy density will continue to grow due to the rapidly increasing integration of renewable energy into the global energy scheme. In terms of energy density, modern high-end rechargeable-battery technology is reaching its fundamental limits and no big advancement leaps in this field are expected. The energy-cost model, developed for comparative evaluation of battery cell chemistries in a commercial type pouch cell configuration, helps us to find the relationship between cost and energy density, enabling the prediction of the most promising material combinations for near-future non-aqueous rechargeable batteries for portable electronics and automotive applications. Among the wide variety of positive electrode materials only few show enough potential for commercialization, and, clearly, the immediate future will still be dominated by Li-ion technology, with Li-rich and Ni-rich materials as definite winners, and with Li-S and Na-ion emerging as contestants due to low cost and abundance of their key components. As further significant improvements in gravimetric/volumetric energy density and cost cannot be achieved through new battery chemistries, then the engineering, targeting cost reduction and safety assurance, will most likely be the main driving force behind future rechargeable battery development.
Exertional and sex headache (2020)

Exertional headache and sexual headache are headache disorders that share some clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. These two headache disorders are both provoked by specific triggers and are highly comorbid with migraine. They account for a small proportion of headache consultations, but potentially devastating secondary causes such as subarachnoid haemorrhage or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes should be considered. Structural neuroimaging studies, as well as comprehensive vascular imaging of head and neck, are necessary to exclude secondary causes. The diagnosis of primary exertional headache and primary sexual headache should be based on the criteria proposed in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Impaired cerebral autoregulation or venous stenosis has been proposed as possible pathophysiology. Beta blocker and indomethacin might be effective treatment, but large-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies are required to provide solid evidence.
<title>Introduction to volume visualization and its biomedical applications</title> (1992)

Volume visualization is emerging in the nineties as a key field of visualization, graphics, and imaging. The use of volume visualization in practical applications in medicine and biology is becoming a common reality. Volume visualization encompasses an array of techniques, a technology, and a nomenclature, and holds substantial challenges. The techniques provide mechanisms that make possible display and exploration of the inner or unseen structures of volumetric data and allow visual insight into opaque or complex datasets. Volume visualization, as a technology, brings a revolution to computer graphics and promises important breakthroughs in numerous biomedical applications. Volume visualization is concerned with the tasks of representing, manipulating, and rendering volumetric data. This course provides an overview of the technology, the nomenclature, and the techniques for these tasks, emphasizing algorithms and applications. The course covers and compares different approaches in volume representation, volume synthesis, volume and surface viewing, volume shading, and biomedical applications of volume visualization. This is a beginning/intermediate level tutorial designed for biomedical scientists and engineers, and for medical researchers and practitioners who are new to the field of volume visualization or interested in expanding their knowledge in that field.
Loss of diphthamide pre-activates NF-κB and death receptor pathways and renders MCF7 cells hypersensitive to tumor necrosis factor (2015)

The diphthamide on human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is the target of ADP ribosylating diphtheria toxin (DT) and Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). This modification is synthesized by seven dipthamide biosynthesis proteins (DPH1-DPH7) and is conserved among eukaryotes and archaea. We generated MCF7 breast cancer cell line-derived DPH gene knockout (ko) cells to assess the impact of complete or partial inactivation on diphthamide synthesis and toxin sensitivity, and to address the biological consequence of diphthamide deficiency. Cells with heterozygous gene inactivation still contained predominantly diphthamide-modified eEF2 and were as sensitive to PE and DT as parent cells. Thus, DPH gene copy number reduction does not affect overall diphthamide synthesis and toxin sensitivity. Complete inactivation of DPH1, DPH2, DPH4, and DPH5 generated viable cells without diphthamide. DPH1ko, DPH2ko, and DPH4ko harbored unmodified eEF2 and DPH5ko ACP- (diphthine-precursor) modified eEF2. Loss of diphthamide prevented ADP ribosylation of eEF2, rendered cells resistant to PE and DT, but does not affect sensitivity toward other protein synthesis inhibitors, such as saporin or cycloheximide. Surprisingly, cells without diphthamide (independent of which the DPH gene compromised) were presensitized toward nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-κB) and death-receptor pathways without crossing lethal thresholds. In consequence, loss of diphthamide rendered cells hypersensitive toward TNF-mediated apoptosis. This finding suggests a role of diphthamide in modulating NF-κB, death receptor, or apoptosis pathways.
Sex-determined resistance to Toxoplasma gondii is associated with temporal differences in cytokine production (1995)

Examination of a wide range of inbred mice of diverse genetic backgrounds and major histocompatibility complex haplotypes revealed a dramatic difference in the susceptibilities of males and females to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Female mice were found to be more susceptible to acute infection, as determined by higher mortality levels, than male mice, while those female mice surviving to have chronic infections harbored more cysts in their brains than did surviving males. This phenomenon was therefore investigated in greater depth immunologically in the BALB/K mouse, a strain showing moderate susceptibility to infection with T. gondii. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were elevated in both male and female BALB/K mice on days 8 and 10 postinfection, but not thereafter, with males producing significantly higher levels than females. However, it was not until day 12 postinfection that the first deaths occurred, and these were among female mice, indicating that TNF-alpha production was not responsible for mortality. In vitro examination of T. gondii-specific T-cell proliferative responses from day 15 postinfection onwards revealed significantly higher stimulation indices in male mice than in their female counterparts. This difference was most apparent in splenocyte cultures initiated at day 15 postinfection, where complete suppression of proliferation was noted in the splenocytes from female mice but not from male mice. Analysis of tissue culture supernatants from these cultures revealed distinct differences in the kinetics of production as well as the quantities of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) produced. Spleen cells from male mice produced higher levels of IFN-gamma in the early stages of infection than those from female mice. IFN-gamma levels were highest in the supernatants from male splenocyte cultures initiated at day 15 postinfection. Similar levels of IFN-gamma were not obtained from the supernatants of female splenocyte cultures until day 22 postinfection. IL-10 production, on the other hand, peaked at maximal levels in the cell cultures from both sexes initiated at day 22 postinfection. These results suggest that, in male mice, a rapid response to infection with high levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma helps to control parasite multiplication, after which IL-10 production may be important in down regulating these potentially harmful inflammatory mediators. The failure of female mice to respond quickly in terms of T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production compared with their male counterparts may account for their poor survival rates and higher cyst burdens.
Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Hemoglobin in Nafion/nano-CaCO<sub>3</sub> Film on a New Ionic Liquid BPPF<sub>6</sub> Modified Carbon Paste Electrode (2007)

Room temperature ionic liquid N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BPPF6) was used as a binder to construct a new carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE), which exhibited enhanced electrochemical behavior as compared with the traditional carbon paste electrode with paraffin. By using the CILE as the basal electrode, hemoglobin (Hb) was immobilized on the surface of the CILE with nano-CaCO3 and Nafion film step by step. The Hb molecule in the film kept its native structure and showed good electrochemical behavior. In pH 7.0 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution, a pair of well-defined, quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks appeared with cathodic and anodic peak potentials located at -0.444 and -0.285 V (vs SCE), respectively, and the formal potential (E degrees') was at -0.365 V, which was the characteristic of Hb Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples. The formal potential of Hb shifted linearly to the increase of buffer pH with a slope of -50.6 mV pH-1, indicating that one electron transferred was accompanied with one proton transportation. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy studies showed that Hb immobilized in the Nafion/nano-CaCO3 film still remained its native arrangement. The Hb modified electrode showed an excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the reduction of H2O2, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and NaNO2.
Connectivity derived thalamic segmentation in deep brain stimulation for tremor (2018)

The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus is an established surgical target for stereotactic ablation and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). It is centrally placed on a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network connecting the primary motor cortex, to the dentate nucleus of the contralateral cerebellum through the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT). The VIM is not readily visible on conventional MR imaging, so identifying the surgical target traditionally involved indirect targeting that relies on atlas-defined coordinates. Unfortunately, this approach does not fully account for individual variability and requires surgery to be performed with the patient awake to allow for intraoperative targeting confirmation. The aim of this study is to identify the VIM and the DRT using probabilistic tractography in patients that will undergo thalamic DBS for tremor. Four male patients with tremor dominant PD and five patients (three female) with ET underwent high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) (128 diffusion directions, 1.5 mm isotropic voxels and b value = 1500) preoperatively. Patients received VIM-DBS using an MR image guided and MR image verified approach with indirect targeting. Postoperatively, using parallel Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) processing, thalamic areas with the highest diffusion connectivity to the primary motor area (M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary sensory area (S1) and contralateral dentate nucleus were identified. Additionally, volume of tissue activation (VTA) corresponding to active DBS contacts were modelled. Response to treatment was defined as 40% reduction in the total Fahn-Tolosa-Martin Tremor Rating Score (FTMTRS) with DBS-ON, one year from surgery. Three out of nine patients had a suboptimal, long-term response to treatment. The segmented thalamic areas corresponded well to anatomically known counterparts in the ventrolateral (VL) and ventroposterior (VP) thalamus. The dentate-thalamic area, lay within the M1-thalamic area in a ventral and lateral location. Streamlines corresponding to the DRT connected M1 to the contralateral dentate nucleus via the dentate-thalamic area, clearly crossing the midline in the mesencephalon. Good response was seen when the active contact VTA was in the thalamic area with highest connectivity to the contralateral dentate nucleus. Non-responders had active contact VTAs outside the dentate-thalamic area. We conclude that probabilistic tractography techniques can be used to segment the VL and VP thalamus based on cortical and cerebellar connectivity. The thalamic area, best representing the VIM, is connected to the contralateral dentate cerebellar nucleus. Connectivity based segmentation of the VIM can be achieved in individual patients in a clinically feasible timescale, using HARDI and high performance computing with parallel GPU processing. This same technique can map out the DRT tract with clear mesencephalic crossing.
The limiting distribution and error terms for return times of dynamical systems (2004)

We develop a new framework that allows to prove thatthe limiting distribution of return times for a large class ofmixing dynamical systems are Poissondistributed.We demonstrate our technique in several settings andobtain more general results than previously has been proven.We also obtain error estimates.For $\phi$-mixing maps we obtain a close to exhausting descriptionof return times.For $(\phi,f)$-mixing maps it is shown how the separation functionaffects error estimates for the limiting distribution.As examples of $(\phi,f)$-mixing we prove that for piecewise invertiblemaps and for rational maps return times are in the limit Poisson distributed.
Fluctuation Spectroscopy (1981)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
On the management of virtual networks (2013)

Network virtualization is a feasible solution to tackle so-called Internet ossification by enabling the deployment of novel network architectures in a flexible and controlled way. With network virtualization, it is possible to have multiple virtual networks running simultaneously on top of a shared physical infrastructure. Network management with virtualization support, however, poses challenges that need to be addressed in order to fully achieve an effective and reliable networking environment. These challenges have motivated the investigation of novel management solutions in recent years. This article surveys some of the prominent solutions for network virtualization management and identifies research opportunities in the area.