gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unaided acquisition of weak GPS signals using circular correlation or double-block zero padding (2004)

Acquisition of very weak GPS signals requires long coherent and incoherent integration. Increasing the coherent, or predetection, integration time (PIT) improves sensitivity, but is limited because of the unknown data and bit edges. Incoherent integration is less sensitive, because of squaring loss. Two algorithms are developed to use a PIT which is a multiple of one data bit interval, without requiring assisting information. Both algorithms estimate the most likely data bit combination and use this to subsequently reverse the data signs over each PIT and synchronize the start of each PIT. The algorithms differ in the method of coherent integration. One uses circular correlation (FFT/IFFT), the other uses double block zero padding (DBZP). Circular correlation requires larger numbers of Doppler bins as the PIT is increased. In contrast, DBZP does not use Doppler bins, but suffers from loss because it does not account for the Doppler effect on the code duration. Consequently, the varying delay between the received signal and the replica will cause subsequent incoherent integrations to be added at the wrong delay. Solutions have been developed for each of these problems. In the case of circular correlation, a small PIT is used initially and after few steps the Doppler bins which have the lowest likelihood are eliminated. Thus, the PIT can be increased without increasing the total number of Doppler bins. In the case of DBZP, an approach is developed to compensate for the change in the code duration and relative delay, with only a small increase in the processing requirement. Simulations indicate that both of these algorithms can acquire signals below 15 dB-Hz. The problem of acquiring weak signals in presence of strong interfering signals is also addressed.
Modulation of Adenoviral Transduction In Vitro and In Vivo by Hyaluronan and its Receptor CD44 (2006)

Adenovirus infection is a significant cause of ocular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal illness and can spread rapidly. Morbidity is considerable in immune-suppressed individuals and there is significant mortality. There are no effective therapies. During preclinical studies of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy for ocular disorders, we noticed a significant increase in transduction when the target cells were exposed to adenovirus in the presence of ocular vitreous. The vitreous is mainly comprised of water, collagen, and the large polysaccharide hyaluronan. In this paper, we report data that implicate hyaluronan in the adenoviral infectious process and show that interference with the interaction between hyaluronan and its cellular receptor CD44 can block adenovirus transduction in vitro and in vivo.
N‐AlGaN/p‐InGaN/n‐GaN Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for High Power Operation (2002)

We have fabricated N-AlGaN/p-InGaN/n-GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors to evaluate their common-emitter current–voltage (I–V) characteristics at room temperature. The device has a Si-doped N-AlGaN emitter, a Mg-doped p-InGaN base, and a Si-doped n-GaN collector. The common-emitter I–V characteristics were observed up to a collector–emitter voltage of 70 V and a collector current of 14.5 mA. The breakdown voltage is as high as 100 V. The corresponding breakdown electric field is 2 × 106 V/cm, which is comparable to the expected one for GaN. This high breakdown electric field is ascribed to a less damaged p-InGaN and a wide bandgap of an n-GaN collector. Furthermore, the leakage path through the defects in InGaN layers is considered to be eliminated by filling them with wide bandgap AlGaN layers during the emitter growth.
Channel-wise barcodes for color display applications (2019)

We present a channel-wise (CW) framework for data embedding in display images using barcodes. Data are embedded in one or more channels of the color image encoded as a monochrome barcode pattern and extracted from the corresponding channels by the decoder. We highlight two advantageous schemes, realized in the proposed framework: red, green, blue CW barcodes (RGB-CWBs), and blue channel image-barcodes (BC-IBs). Compared with a conventional monochrome black and white barcode BW-B with the same spatial footprint, RGB-CWBs utilize the three channels of color image more effectively and enable a three-fold increase in data rate, whereas BC-IBs significantly reduce the embedding distortion by exploiting the reduced sensitivity of the visual system to spatial detail in blue colors. For RGB-CWBs, we develop an effective framework for the cancellation of cross-channel interference between the display and capture channels using a model for the display and capture processes and for the ambient illumination. Model parameters required for interference cancellation (IC) are learned on-the-fly using either expectation-maximization or through suitable design of the synchronization patterns as “pilot-blocks.” Extensive experiments over multiple display and capture devices validate the advantages of the framework: RGB-CWBs (with IC) and the BC-IBs offer bit error rates comparable to their monochrome counterparts while providing either a three-fold increase in data rate or a significant reduction in distortion, respectively.
Electric-Field Control of the Interlayer Exchange Coupling for Magnetization Switching (2019)

We propose an electric-field-controlled mechanism for magnetization switching assisted solely by the interlayer-exchange coupling (IEC) between the fixed and the free magnets, which are separated by two oxide barriers sandwiching a spacer material known for exhibiting large IEC. The basic idea relies on the formation of a quantum-well (QW) within the spacer material and controlling the transmission coefficient across the structure with an electric-field via the resonant tunneling phenomena. Using non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method, we show that the structure can exhibit a bias-dependent oscillatory IEC that can switch the free magnet to have either a parallel or an antiparallel configuration with respect to the fixed magnet, depending on the sign of the IEC. Such bi-directional switching can be achieved with the same voltage polarity but different magnitudes. With proper choice of the spacer material, the current in the structure can be significantly reduced. Due to the conservative nature of the exerted torque by the IEC, the switching threshold of the proposed mechanism is decoupled from the switching speed, while the conventional spin-torque devices exhibit a trade-off due to the non-conservative nature of the exerted torque.
Synthesis, processing, and third‐order nonlinear optical properties of benzobisthiazole polymers containing thiophene moieties (1993)

Abstract Benzobisthiazole polymers containing mono‐, bi‐, and terthiophene moieties were synthesized through polycondensation in polyphosphoric acid of 2,5‐diamino‐1,4‐benzenedithiol dihydrochloride with thiophene‐2,5‐dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′‐bithiophene‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid, and 2,2′:5′,2″‐terthlophene‐5,5″‐dicarboxylic acid, or their corresponding diacid chlorides, respectively. Intrinsic viscosities of up to 8.1 dL/g (methanesulfonic acid, 30°C) were recorded. Polymer structures were verified by elemental analysis and spectroscopic comparison of the polymers with appropriate model compounds. Onset of breakdown under thermogravimetric analysis in air occurred in the 460–590°C range with the benzobisthiazole polymers containing a monothiophene linkage being the most stable. Films suitable for third‐order optical susceptibility measurements could be prepared by extrusion techniques from the benzobisthiazole polymer containing a monothiophene linkage. Degenerate four wave mixing measurements on this film yielded a third order optical susceptibility χ (3) of approximately 4.5 × 10 −10 esu. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Organic vapor phase deposition for the growth of large area organic electronic devices (2009)

We demonstrate that material utilization efficiencies of 50% and deposition nonuniformities ≤2.5% are achievable over substrate diameters of 200 mm using a simplified, organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD) system. The OVPD system is used to demonstrate doped electrophosphorescent organic light emitting diodes whose performance is comparable to those grown by vacuum thermal evaporation. Through continuum modeling, we demonstrate that analogous systems whose chamber dimensions are comparable to the substrate width are scalable to substrate sizes of at least 1500×1800 mm2 with deposition nonuniformities between 1.5% and 2.5%. These results indicate that OVPD is useful in the large area deposition of displays, lighting, and other organic electronic devices.
Automatic synthesis of interfaces between incompatible protocols (1998)

A t the system level, reusable Intellectual Property (or IP) blo cks can be represented abstractly as blocks that exchange messages. The concrete implementations of these IP blocks m ust exc hange the messages through complex signaling protocols. Interfacing bet ween IP that use different signaling protocols is a tedious and error prone design task. We propose using regular expression based protocol descriptions to sho w ho w to map the message on to a signaling protocol. Given t w o protocols,an algorithm is proposed to build an interface machine. We ha ve implemented our algorithm in a program named PIG that synthesizes a Verilog implementation based on a regular expression protocol description.
Automatic image orientation detection (1999)

We present an algorithm for automatic image orientation estimation using a Bayesian learning framework. We demonstrate that a small codebook (the optimal size of codebook is selected using a modified MDL criterion) extracted from a vector quantizer can be used to estimate the class-conditional densities of the observed features needed for the Bayesian methodology. We further show how feature clustering can be used as a feature selection mechanism to remove redundancies in the high-dimensional feature vectors used for classification. Experiments on a database of 17,901 images have shown that our proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of approximately 97% on the training set and over 89% on an independent test set.
Radical Cascade-Triggered Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Macrocyclic Monomers (2018)

A strategy for the controlled radical ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic monomers is reported. Key to this approach is an allyl alkylsulfone-based ring-opening trigger that can undergo a radical cascade reaction to extrude sulfur dioxide and generate an alkyl radical for controlled chain propagation. A systematic study correlating reaction conditions with polymer molecular weight and molecular weight distribution allowed excellent control over polymerization. The versatility of this radical cascade-triggered ring-opening polymerization approach was further demonstrated through the first radical block copolymerization of macrocyclic monomers, and the incorporation of degradable functionality into the polymer backbone.
Highly porous interlayer dielectric for interconnect capacitance reduction (2002)

Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is a low density material for intra-metal gapfill, that offers low permittivity for interconnect capacitance reduction. Films with k as low as /spl sim/2.2 preferentially form between tightly-spaced metal leads when cured at low temperature (<400/spl deg/C), and interlayer dielectric properties are stable from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. HSQ simplifies the process integration of low-k materials for high performance interconnect applications by using standard semiconductor spin-on production techniques. Use of porous HSQ as a gapfill dielectric dramatically reduces the capacitive coupling between metal leads, resulting in higher interconnect performance.
Development and In Vivo Evaluation of a MGF110-1L Deletion Mutant in African Swine Fever Strain Georgia (2021)

African swine fever (ASF) is currently causing an epizootic, affecting pigs throughout Eurasia, and causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. ASF is caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) that consists of a large dsDNA genome that encodes for more than 160 genes; few of these genes have been studied in detail. ASFV contains four multi-gene family (MGF) groups of genes that have been implicated in regulating the immune response and host specificity; however, the individual roles of most of these genes have not been well studied. Here, we describe the evaluation of the previously uncharacterized ASFV MGF110-1L open reading frame (ORF) using a deletion mutant of the ASFV currently circulating throughout Eurasia. The recombinant ASFV lacking the MGF110-1L gene (ASFV-G-ΔMGF110-1L) demonstrated in vitro that the MGF110-1L gene is non-essential, since ASFV-G-ΔMGF110-1L had similar replication kinetics in primary swine macrophage cell cultures when compared to parental highly virulent field isolate Georgia2007 (ASFV-G). Experimental infection of domestic pigs with ASFV-G-ΔMGF110-1L produced a clinical disease similar to that caused by the parental ASFV-G, confirming that deletion of the MGF110-1L gene from the ASFV genome does not affect viral virulence.
InAs/InAsSb Type-II Strained Layer Superlattice Barrier Infrared Detectors (2019)

Nearly-lattice-matched or pseudomorphic III-V semiconductor type-II superlattices (T2SLs) can provide high degree of flexibility in cutoff wavelength range. They can have sufficient absorption strength to attain ample quantum efficiency, are less susceptible to band-to-band tunneling than bulk semiconductors [1], and are capable of achieving reduced Auger recombination [2]. For mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detectors, InAs/GaSb and InAs/InAsSb are the two most common T2SL absorbers used. The former is well-established, and has been described in detail in review articles [3,4,5]. The latter [6,7,8] emerged more recently as an alternative with simpler growth [6], better defect tolerance, longer minority lifetimes [9], but smaller cutoff wavelength range, weaker optical absorption [10,11], and more challenging vertical hole transport [12].
Temporal modulation of x-rays using MEMS micromirrors (2011)

Investigations into temporal development of far-from-equilibrium processes can tremendously benefit from ultra-fast x-ray pulses with picosecond time resolution and high pulse repetition rates. Current x-ray modulation techniques fall short of providing solutions for generating such ultra-fast x-rays. However, x-ray modulators based on MEMS micromirrors are promising candidates for this challenge. Design, fabrication and characterization of such a micromirror are presented in this paper. Testing of this micromirror in an x-ray beamline demonstrates its feasibility for generating ultra-fast x-rays.
Studies on griseolic acid derivatives. I. Synthesis of substituted derivatives of griseolic acid at the N1, C6, C2' or C7' position and their biological activities. (1985)

Griseolic acid derivatives having a different substituent at the N1,C6,C2' or C7' position of the natural product were synthesized and their structure activity relationship to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity was investigated.
Using fly ash to mitigate explosions (2008)

In 2005 the University of Kentucky's Center for Applied Energy Research was given funding to evaluate the use of coal combustion by-products (CCBs) to reduce the explosive potential of ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizers. Fly ash C (FAC), fly ash F (FAF) and flue gas desulfurization by-product (FGD) were evaluated. It was found that applying a CCB coating to the AN particles at concentrations of 5 wt% or greater prevented the AN explosion from propagating. The article reports on results so far and outlines further work to be done. 6 figs.
A novel close-circulating vapor stripping-vapor permeation technique for boosting biobutanol production and recovery (2018)

Therefore, the present study demonstrated a well-designed energy-efficient technique named by vapor stripping-vapor permeation for single-stage butanol removal. The butanol separation factor was multiplied by the temperature-difference control strategy which could double butanol recovery performance. This advanced VSVP process can completely eliminate membrane fouling risk for fermentative butanol separation, which is superior to other techniques.
DVI: Depth Guided Video Inpainting for Autonomous Driving (2020)

To get clear street-view and photo-realistic simulation in autonomous driving, we present an automatic video inpainting algorithm that can remove traffic agents from videos and synthesize missing regions with the guidance of depth/point cloud. By building a dense 3D map from stitched point clouds, frames within a video are geometrically correlated via this common 3D map. In order to fill a target inpainting area in a frame, it is straightforward to transform pixels from other frames into the current one with correct occlusion. Furthermore, we are able to fuse multiple videos through 3D point cloud registration, making it possible to inpaint a target video with multiple source videos. The motivation is to solve the long-time occlusion problem where an occluded area has never been visible in the entire video. To our knowledge, we are the first to fuse multiple videos for video inpainting. To verify the effectiveness of our approach, we build a large inpainting dataset in the real urban road environment with synchronized images and Lidar data including many challenge scenes, e.g., long time occlusion. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches for all the criteria, especially the RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) has been reduced by about 13%.
Signal processing strategies and clinical outcomes for gain and waveform compression in hearing aids (2004)

Compressive hearing aids automatically reduce their gain with increasing sound level to accommodate reduced dynamic ranges in sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing-impaired people can also benefit from waveform compression that strengthens consonant sounds relative to vowels (E. Villchur, 1973). The normal ear accomplishes both forms of compressive signal processing with instantaneously compressing bandpass nonlinearity (BPNL) filters (R.R. Pfeiffer, 1970) under efferent control. Guided by the development of this basic knowledge (J.L. Goldstein, 2001), we have implemented a real-time PC simulation of a multi-channel DSP hearing aid with programmable gain and waveform compression options. Prescription fitting is being developed through clinical study of patient preferences and speech intelligibility.
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS and CASE REPORTS The y6 T Cell Population in Sheep Experimentally Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus (1994)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an exogenous retrovirus and associated with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL)4 which often includes persistent lymphocytosis and development of B-cell lymphosarcoma/leukemia after a long latent period. Natural cases of malignant lymphomas are rare in sheep. Under experimental conditions, however, sheep are easily infected with BLV7 and develop B-cell lymphosarcoma/leukemia at a higher frequency and within a shorter period (1 to 3 years) than cattle. Sheep also show serologic and pathologic responses to BLV similar to those in The lymphoid systems of sheep and cattle contain a large number of the CD4- CD8- “double-negative” T lymphocyte s~bpopulation~-~ in striking contrast to the lymphoid systems of human and mouse. These double-negative lymphocytes are known to express the y6 chains of T cell receptor (TCR)2.3 as well as a surface molecule termed T19.6 In spleen and lymph nodes, y6 T cells are localized in regions of cellular traffic5 and they exhibit cytotoxic activity against allogenic cells. In order to elucidate the role of y6 T cells in BLVinfected sheep, we examined, by flow cytometry, the population of y6 T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The distribution of these cells in the superficial cervical lymph nodes of BLV-infected sheep was examined by immunohistology using the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against the y6 TCR.
Coronary magnetic resonance vein imaging: Imaging contrast, sequence, and timing (2007)

Recently, there has been increased interest in imaging the coronary vein anatomy to guide interventional cardiovascular procedures such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), a device therapy for congestive heart failure (CHF). With CRT the lateral wall of the left ventricle is electrically paced using a transvenous coronary sinus lead or surgically placed epicardial lead. Proper transvenous lead placement is facilitated by the knowledge of the coronary vein anatomy. Cardiovascular MR (CMR) has the potential to image the coronary veins. In this study we propose and test CMR techniques and protocols for imaging the coronary venous anatomy. Three aspects of design of imaging sequence were studied: magnetization preparation schemes (T(2) preparation and magnetization transfer), imaging sequences (gradient-echo (GRE) and steady-state free precession (SSFP)), and imaging time during the cardiac cycle. Numerical and in vivo studies both in healthy and CHF subjects were performed to optimize and demonstrate the utility of CMR for coronary vein imaging. Magnetization transfer was superior to T(2) preparation for contrast enhancement. Both GRE and SSFP were viable imaging sequences, although GRE provided more robust results with better contrast. Imaging during the end-systolic quiescent period was preferable as it coincided with the maximum size of the coronary veins.
Improved halftone image data hiding with intensity selection (2002)

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm called intensity selection (IS) that can be applied to three existing halftone image data hiding algorithms DHST, DHPT and DHSPT to achieve improved visual quality. The proposed IS algorithm generalizes the hidden data representation and select the best location out of a set of candidate locations for the application of DHST/DHPT/DHSPT. It chooses pixel locations that are either very bright or very dark. The IS requires the inverse-halftoned image which implies potentially high computation requirement. Experiments suggest that significant improvement in visual quality can be achieved.
Dynamics of the CD8+ T cell response to a model of acute viral infection (VIR4P.1017) (2014)

Abstract During an acute viral infection T cells specific to viral antigens, as determined by the T-cell receptor (TCR), activate and expand. To determine the breadth of immune response to infection, and to understand recruitment to immunological memory, characterizing the TCR repertoire before, during, and after a model of acute viral infection is necessary. Here we use the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) to model acute viral infection. Blood was collected from 9 subjects at 0, 14, and 90 days after YFV administration. In addition to isolating PBMC for all time points, we sorted for YFV-specific effector T-cells at day 14 and for central and effector memory T-cells in 6 of 9 subjects at day 90. For each sample, gDNA was extracted and the TCR repertoire was assayed by high-throughput TCRβ sequencing. Expanded T cell clones can specifically bind a pathogen-derived epitope (specific), or receive proliferation signals without antigen-specificity (bystander). YFV-specific clones were identified by enrichment in the YFV-specific day 14 sort vs. day 14 PBMC; in each subject, we estimate that the antigen-specific immune response comprises approximately 103 T cell clones. Bystanders were identified as clones expanding from day 0 to day 14 PBMC that are not YFV-specific. Many more YFV-specific clones were recruited to memory at day 90 than bystander clones (40% vs. 3%), indicating that antigen specificity, rather than just proliferation, is a major determinant of memory recruitment.
Multi-Channel Adaptive Filtering Applied To Multi-Channel Acousctic Echo Cancellation (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996