gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis Prevention by β-Cryptoxanthin (2008)

Pharmacologic and nutritional factors may play a role in the prevention of osteoporosis with aging. β-Cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid, is abundant in Satsuma mandarin orange. Among various carotenoid including β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, β-carotene, astaxanthin, and rutin, β-cryptoxanthin has been found to have a unique anabolic effect on bone calcification. β-Cryptoxanthin has stimulatory effects on osteoblastic bone formation and inhibitory effects on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. β-Cryptoxanthin has an effect on the gene expression of various proteins which are related to osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Oral administration of β-cryptoxanthin has been shown to have the anabolic effect on bone components in young and aged rats, the preventive effect on bone loss in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Moreover, the intake of β-cryptoxanthin-reinforced juice for longer periods has been shown to have stimulatory effects on bone formation and inhibitory effects on bone resorption in healthy human and postmenopausal women as estimated based on serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism in vivo. The intake of dietary β-cryptoxanthin may have a preventive effect on osteoporosis.
Potential Field: Interpretable and Unified Representation for Trajectory Prediction (2019)

Predicting an agent's future trajectory is a challenging task given the complicated stimuli (environmental/inertial/social) of motion. Prior works learn individual stimulus from different modules and fuse the representations in an end-to-end manner, which makes it hard to understand what are actually captured and how they are fused. In this work, we borrow the notion of potential field from physics as an interpretable and unified representation to model all stimuli. This allows us to not only supervise the intermediate learning process, but also have a coherent method to fuse the information of different sources. From the generated potential fields, we further estimate future motion direction and speed, which are modeled as Gaussian distributions to account for the multi-modal nature of the problem. The final prediction results are generated by recurrently moving past location based on the estimated motion direction and speed. We show state-of-the-art results on the ETH, UCY, and Stanford Drone datasets.
A Sketch Algorithm for Estimating Two-Way and Multi-Way Associations (2007)

We should not have to look at the entire corpus (e.g., the Web) to know if two (or more) words are strongly associated or not. One can often obtain estimates of associations from a small sample. We develop a sketch-based algorithm that constructs a contingency table for a sample. One can estimate the contingency table for the entire population using straightforward scaling. However, one can do better by taking advantage of the margins (also known as document frequencies). The proposed method cuts the errors roughly in half over Broder's sketches.
Meltables (2015)

We propose a novel approach to fabricating complex 3D shapes via physical deformation of simpler shapes. Our focus is on objects composed of a set of planar beams and joints, where the joints are thin parts of the object which temporarily become living hinges when heated, close to a fixed angle defined by the local shape, and then become rigid when cooled. We call this class of objects Meltables. We present a novel algorithm that computes an optimal joint sequence which approximates a 3D spline curve while satisfying fabrication constraints. This technique is used in an interactive Meltables design tool. We demonstrate a variety of Meltables, fabricated with both 3D-printing and standard PVC piping.
Immunologic and Virologic Effects of Subcutaneous Interleukin 2 in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy (2000)

Intermittent therapy with IL-2 and ART produced a substantially greater increase in CD4 cells and was associated with a larger decrease in viral load than ART alone. Clinical end-point trials will be necessary to determine whether the enhanced viral suppression and CD4 cell increases associated with IL-2 therapy will translate into improved clinical outcomes. JAMA. 2000;284:183-189
Maximizing strength of digital watermarks using neural networks (2002)

Several discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based techniques are used for watermarking digital images. Although these techniques are robust to some attacks, none of them is robust when a different set of parameters is used or some other attacks (such as low pass filtering) are applied. In order to make the watermark stronger and less susceptible to different types of attacks, it is essential to find the maximum amount of watermark before the watermark becomes visible. In this paper, neural networks are used to implement an automated system of creating maximum-strength watermarks.
Intra prediction using face continuity in 360-degree video coding (2017)

This paper presents a new reference sample derivation method for intra prediction in 360-degree video coding. Unlike the conventional reference sample derivation method for 2D video coding, which uses the samples located directly above and on the left of the current block, the proposed method considers the spherical nature of 360-degree video when deriving reference samples located outside the current face to which the block belongs, and derives reference samples that are geometric neighbors on the sphere. The proposed reference sample derivation method was implemented in the Joint Exploration Model 3.0 (JEM-3.0) for the cubemap projection format. Simulation results for the all intra configuration show that, when compared with the conventional reference sample derivation method, the proposed method gives, on average, luma BD-rate reduction of 0.3% in terms of the weighted spherical PSNR (WS-PSNR) and spherical PSNR (SPSNR) metrics.
A Fast and Efficient Frequency Offset Correction Technique for Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (2011)

A wide-range frequency offset correction is an essential function in the coherent-detection optical (CO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. However, unlike conventional radio-frequency OFDM systems, the frequency offsets of CO systems come from the laser instability and bring much higher randomness and uncertainty between the local oscillation source and the incoming signal. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve low complexity and high precision for the frequency offset estimation at the same time. To fulfill the requirement of the CO-OFDM transmission system, we propose a novel algorithm using sample-shifted training symbols for the fast acquisition of the frequency offset in the CO-OFDM system. Based on the characteristics of optical coherency and the CO-OFDM symbol interval, the dynamic tracking of the frequency offset variation can also be simplified by using the OFDM pilot subcarriers.
Reflection-mode submicron-resolution in vivo photoacoustic microscopy (2012)

Submicron-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) currently exists only in transmission mode, due to the technical difficulties of combining high numerical-aperture (NA) optical illumination with high NA acoustic detection. The lateral resolution of reflection-mode PAM has not reached <2 μm in the visible light range. Here we develop the first reflection-mode submicron-resolution PAM system with a new compact design. By using a parabolic mirror to focus and reflect the photoacoustic waves, sufficient signals were collected for good sensitivity without distorting the optical focusing. By imaging nanospheres and a resolution test chart, the lateral resolution was measured to be ≈ 0.5 μm with an optical wavelength of 532 nm, an optical NA of 0.63. The axial resolution was measured at 15 μm. Here the axial resolution was measured by a different experiment with the lateral resolution measurement. But we didn't describe the details of axial resolution measurement due to space limit. The maximum penetration was measured at ≈ 0.42 mm in optical-scattering soft tissue. As a comparison, both the submicron-resolution PAM and a 2.4 μm-resolution PAM were used to image a mouse ear in vivo with the same optical wavelength and similar pulse energy. Capillaries were resolved better by the submicron-resolution PAM. Therefore, the submicron-resolution PAM is suitable for in vivo high-resolution imaging, or even subcellular imaging, of optical absorption.
Peritoneal Membrane Plasmapheresis (1992)

A novel process has been devised that uses the peritoneal membrane to remove plasma proteins from the body at a rate comparable to conventional extracorporeal plasma-pheresis. A vasodilator (4 mg histamine phosphate) is added to 1 liter of hypertonic solution (485 mOsmol/L), and infused intraperitoneally with a residence time of 4 hr. Plasma containing proteins is convected across the peritoneum through open pores into the cavity and removed. The next alternating infusion is with a hypotonic solution (214 mOsml/L) containing a vasoconstrictor (1.0 mg norepinephrine). This infusion restores the fluid removed from the subject in the previous exchange, and prevents the rapid fall-off in protein removal rates obtained with repeated infusions with vasodilators only. Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis was successfully tested on canines, with protein removal rates of between 30% and 50% of total serum protein per day for 13 days over a 22 day period. Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis represents a potentially inexpensive, continuous/nightly home treatment for protein mediated diseases treatable by extracorporeal plasmapheresis.
Disruption of Human TRIM5α Antiviral Activity by Nonhuman Primate Orthologues (2005)

TRIM5 is a determinant of species-specific differences in susceptibility to infection by retroviruses bearing particular capsids. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is blocked by the alpha isoform of macaque TRIM5 (TRIM5alpha(rh)) or by the product of the owl monkey TRIM5-cyclophilin A gene fusion (TRIMCyp). Human TRIM5alpha potently restricts specific strains of murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) but has only a modest effect on HIV-1. The amino termini of TRIM5 orthologues are highly conserved and possess a coiled-coil domain that promotes homomultimerization. Here we show that heterologous expression of TRIM5alpha(rh) or TRIMCyp in human cells interferes with the anti-N-MLV activity of endogenous human TRIM5alpha (TRIM5alpha(hu)). Deletion of the cyclophilin domain from TRIMCyp has no effect on heteromultimerization or colocalization with TRIM5alpha(hu) but prevents interference with anti-N-MLV activity. These data demonstrate that TRIM5 orthologues form heteromultimers and indicate that C-terminal extensions alter virus recognition by multimers of these proteins.
The Novel Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTP20 Is a Positive Regulator of PC12 Cell Neuronal Differentiation (1996)

A novel cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) designated PTP20 was isolated from a PC12 cDNA library and shown to positively regulate the differentiation process in PC12 cells. The PTP20 open reading frame of 453 amino acids contains a single tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and displays closest homology to members of the PTP-PEST protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Transient expression of PTP20 in Rat-1 cells resulted in the expression of a 50-kDa protein which exhibited PTPase activity in vitro. Expression of the 2.3-kilobase PTP20 mRNA increased during differentiation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated PC12 cells. Consistent with this observation, stable overexpression of PTP20 in PC12 cells resulted in accelerated neurite formation following NGF treatment. These findings suggest a positive regulatory role of PTP20 in NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells.
In vivo anti-prostate cancer properties of parthenolide (2004)

4568 INTRODUCTION: We have previously reported the ability of parthenolide to inhibit prostate cancer cell (LNCaP, PC-3) growth as well as angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Parthenolide has been shown to inhibit Nuclear Factor-kappa B DNA binding. Experiments detailing the translatability of this data for possible clinical use of parthenolide are described. METHODS: Electromobility shift assay was performed to assess NF-kappa B DNA binding in CWR22Rv1 cells (androgen-responsive but androgen-independent human prostate cancer) with and without parthenolide treatment. MTS and clonogenic assays were performed to determine parthenolide’s IC50 in the CWR22Rv1 cell line in vitro. An established heterotopic xenograft model of subcutaneous CWR22Rv1 cells was employed with four arms: solvent control, 40 mg/kg/day parthenolide by oral gavage, 5 mg/kg/week docetaxel intraperitoneally and the combination of docetaxel plus parthenolide. There were approximately 20 mice in each arm and treatment was commenced 14 days after implantation. Small animal PET imaging using [11C]CO and [18F]choline (FCH) was performed on a random subset of four mice from each group to assess in vivo blood volume and choline metabolism, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B was performed to determine its frequency and location in 97 human prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS: Constitutive NF-kappa B DNA binding was present in the CWR22Rv1 cell line and inhibited by parthenolide. Parthenolide induced a dose dependent inhibition of CWR22Rv1 proliferation: IC50 - MTT assay: 5 μM (48 hour exposure); clonogenic assay: 1 μM (24 hour exposure). The percent inhibition of tumor volume with each treatment arm compared with solvent control at days 22 and 28 of treatment were: parthenolide - 17 and 24%; docetaxel - 17 and 0%; combination −57 and 55% (combination versus control - p = 0.01). The relative blood volume, expressed as the ratio of tumor surface to muscle [11C]CO concentrations, was 1.31±0.73 for solvent control; 1.27±0.86 for parthenolide; 1.19±0.29 for docetaxel and 0.50±0.13 for the combination (combination vs. solvent control p = 0.04). FCH uptake was also significantly decreased in the combination group (control=1.15±0.10; combination=0.74±0.24, p=0.05). IHC of prostatectomy specimens: normal glands had 14.7% (Range: 0-50%) of cells stain for p65 compared with 79.2% (R: 0-95%) and 88.7% (R: 30-95%) of prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma areas respectively. CONCLUSION: NF-kappa B is constitutively active in prostate cancer cell lines and is over-expressed in neoplastic prostatic tissue versus normal prostate epithelium. Parthenolide can inhibit NF-kappa B DNA binding and cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Moreover, parthenolide has modest anti-cancer activity as a single agent in vivo but significantly augments the anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activity of docetaxel in vivo. Supported by DOD and NIH.
Hematopoietic Development from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2009)

A decade of research on human embryonic stem cells (ESC) has paved the way for the discovery of alternative approaches to generating pluripotent stem cells. Combinatorial overexpression of a limited number of proteins linked to pluripotency in ESC was recently found to reprogram differentiated somatic cells back to a pluripotent state, enabling the derivation of isogenic (patient-specific) pluripotent stem cell lines. Current research is focusing on improving reprogramming protocols (e.g., circumventing the use of retroviral technology and oncoproteins), and on methods for differentiation into transplantable tissues of interest. In mouse ESC, we have previously shown that the embryonic morphogens BMP4 and Wnt3a direct blood formation via activation of Cdx and Hox genes. Ectopic expression of Cdx4 and HoxB4 enables the generation of mouse ESC-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) capable of multilineage reconstitution of lethally irradiated adult mice. Here, we explore hematopoietic development from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells generated in our laboratory. Our data show robust differentiation of iPS cells to mesoderm and to blood lineages, as shown by generation of CD34(+)CD45(+) cells, hematopoietic colony activity, and gene expression data, and suggest conservation of blood patterning pathways between mouse and human hematopoietic development.
Broadening the detection view of high-frequency linear-array-based photoacoustic computed tomography by using planar acoustic reflectors (2014)

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) with a linear transducer array suffers from limited detection view. To increase the detection aperture, it is possible to circularly scan the linear transducer array around the object at the expense of imaging speed. Here we propose an alternative method to double or triple the detection view angle without sacrificing the imaging speed. By using a planar acoustic reflector which creates a virtual linear transducer array, the detection view angle is doubled. Similarly, by using two planar acoustic reflectors placed at 120 degrees to each other, we can form two virtual linear transducer arrays, and the detection view angle is tripled. This paper comparatively studies the two cases. We found that the planar acoustic reflectors greatly increase the detection aperture and thus significantly enhance the image quality of linear-array-base PACT systems.
Is coded modulation the future of fiber-optic communications? (2015)

In this paper we review the major features that make multi-dimensional coded modulation a good candidate for applications in future fiber-optic communication systems.
Biochemical pharmacology of homologous alicyclic mixed amine platinum(II) complexes in sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines. (1994)

Three homologous alicyclic mixed amine cis-(NH3)(R-NH2)Cl2Pt(II) complexes, in which R = C3H5, C6H11, and C8H15 (complexes abbreviated C3, C6, and C8, respectively), were evaluated with reference compounds cisplatin and tetraplatin for antitumor activities and biochemical pharmacology in wild-type (murine leukemia L1210/0 and human ovarian A2780) and corresponding variant cell lines resistant to cisplatin (L1210/DDP and 2780CP) and tetraplatin (L1210/DACH and 2780TP). Cytotoxicities, measured by either a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or a clonogenic assay, were maximal for the C6 complex, which was up to 12-, 40-, and 6-fold more potent than C3 against wild-type, cisplatin-resistant, and tetraplatin-resistant models, respectively, and up to 2-fold more potent than C8 against these cell lines. In general, cross-resistance to mixed amine analogues was partial in cisplatin- and tetraplatin-resistant cells and decreased (in L1210/DDP and 2780CP) or increased (in L1210/DACH and 2780TP) with increase in the alicyclic ring size. The increase in ring size resulted in a corresponding increase in partition coefficient, which correlated directly with intracellular accumulations of mixed amine analogues in all cell lines. However, the intracellular DNA-platinum adducts, and not cellular platinum content, was the pharmacological entity that corresponded closely to potencies of the molecules. DNA adduct formation was disproportionate to the level of cellular drug accumulation. For instance, complex C8, which accumulated to the greatest extent in any given cell line, produced adduct levels that were similar to or lower than those produced by C6. A partial explanation for this observation was the demonstrated reduced rate of binding of C8 to DNA. This study has highlighted the significance of alicyclic ring size in modulating the potency, cross-resistance profile, and biochemical pharmacology of mixed amine platinum(II) complexes in sensitive and cisplatin- or tetraplatin-resistant tumor cells.
Stabilization of a Kerr frequency comb oscillator (2013)

We study stability and spectral purity of a microresonator-based Kerr frequency comb oscillator experimentally and observe a correlation between the frequency of the continuous wave laser pumping the nonlinear resonator and the repetition frequency of the comb. This correlation is used in a proof-of-principle demonstration of a Kerr frequency comb stabilized with an optical transition of 87Rb.
Electroosmotic Pumps Fabricated From Porous (2006)

N-type porous silicon can be used to realize electroos- motic pumps with high flow rates per applied potential difference. The porosity and pore size of porous silicon membranes can be tuned, the pore geometry has near-unity tortuosity, and mem- branes can be made thin and with integrated support structures. The size of hexagonally packed pores is modified by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) polysilicon deposition, fol- lowed by wet oxidation of the polysilicon layer, resulting in a pore radius varying from 1 to 3 m. Pumping performance of these devices is experimentally studied as a function of pore size and compared with theory. These 350- m-thick silicon membranes ex- hibit a maximum flow rate per applied field of 0.13 ml/min/cm /V. This figure of merit is five times larger than previously demon- strated porous glass EO pumps. (1494)
Performance analysis of global synchronous pulsewidth modulation for distributed inverters (2015)

The distributed inverters generally are integrated into power grid without any switching sequence coordinated control capability since they are equipped with their own micro controllers to command the output quantities. The switching ripples of all distributed inverters will then be randomly accumulated at the point of common coupling. The recently proposed global synchronous pulsewidth modulation method however can significantly attenuate the accumulated switching ripples by periodically coordinating the distributed inverters. This paper deeply analyzes the performance of global synchronous pulsewidth modulation method, including the current ripple analysis, dynamic response with reduced filter or switching frequency and efficiency optimization and presents a dynamic adjustment method as one or more inverters quit or are involved into the operation. Finally, Matlab simulations and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of global synchronous pulse width modulation method.
Sequence variation in the E7 gene of human papillomavirus type 18 in tumor and non‐tumor patients and antibody response to a conserved seroreactive epitope (1993)

We have determined nucleotide sequences of the E7 open reading frame (ORF) of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) isolates obtained from 18 cervical carcinomas from Tanzanian and German patients and 8 cervical scrapings from Tanzanian non-tumor patients. The HPV-18 prototype sequence was detected in only 3 out of 26 isolates. Silent mutations were found at nt positions 640 and 751, whereas the mutations observed at nt positions 770, 806, 864 and 865 all change the respectively encoded amino acid. The HPV-18 isolates of 3 German carcinomas showed the same mutations (at position 751) as those of 2 established cervical carcinoma cell lines (HeLa and C4-1), whereas different mutations were found in 16/23 African isolates (at positions 640 and 864), to which the isolate of cell line SW756 was similar (changes at positions 640 and 865). Seven out of 15 HPV-18-positive Tanzanian tumor patients (46.7%) reacted in a peptide ELISA against a recently described seroreactive epitope of the HPV-18 E7 ORF (nt positions 704-769). Mutational changes of the E7 ORF were excluded as a possible explanation for the lack of antibody response, because there was no correlation with the serological results. The seroreactive region appears to be well conserved despite geographically varying mutations within the E7 ORF of HPV-18.