gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraperitoneal immunotherapy of peritoneal carcinomatosis from solid tumors by trifunctional antibodies (2004)

2532 Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis from solid tumors is a fatal diagnosis without standard treatment procedures, as concepts like peritonectomy and i.v./i.p. chemotherapy showed disappointing results. In this pilot study, we describe a new immunotherapeutic concept using trifunctional antibodies (trAb), which are able to redirect CTL to tumor cells and to induce active tumor immunity by activating Fcγ receptor type I and III positive accessory cells by their intact Fc region. Methods: In 9 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis due to gastric cancer (6), ovarian cancer (2) and CUP (1) i.p. application of trAb was performed after surgery and/or ineffective chemotherapy. According to the antigen expression of autologous tumor cells, 2–5 doses of the trAb EpCAM x CD3 (5–80μg) or HER2/neu x CD3 (10–100 μg) were applicated by intraperitoneal infusion. After 4 weeks, patients received i.d./s.c. trAb + PBMC + irradiated tumor cells for restimulation. Immunological reactivity was tested by analyzing PBMC (1 week after boost) for specific tumor reactive CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes after restimulation with autologous tumor cells with the Miltenyi IFN Secretion Assay. Results: Antibody application was well tolerated without severe side effects. In 5/9 patients, tumor reactive CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes increased significantly indicating specific anti tumor immunity. Follow-up showed a mean survival of 11.8 months (median 8.0 months) after trAb therapy. 5/9 patients had a clinical response (stable disease, partial regression) with a mean time to progression of 4.6 months. Conclusions: In conclusion, immunotherapy using trAb may provide a new option for active treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis, which is now evaluated in ongoing clinical trials. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration TRION Pharma TRION Pharma TRION Pharma
Performance of a broad-band acoustic Doppler current profiler (1991)

A new broadband acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is described, with a useful range comparable to that of a commercially available narrowband (incoherent) system of the same acoustic frequency, but having enhanced performance. The extra performance may be traded off among (1) reduced velocity variance, (2) reduced averaging time, and (3) finer depth resolution. This improvement permits the observation of phenomena with smaller time and space scales than is now possible with available ADCPs. An expression predicting r.m.s. velocity error in terms of system parameters and the measured acoustic data is given and is shown to be consistent with the independently measured velocity error among redundant beams. Two major sources of bias error in incoherent ADCPs are shown to be much reduced for the broadband system. Field data demonstrating the improved performance over the existing incoherent ADCP are shown for cases of both strong and weak shear.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production of Chymotrypsin-Resistant <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry2Aa1 δ-Endotoxin by Protein Engineering (1999)

Cleavage of the Cry2Aa1 protoxin (molecular mass, 63 kDa) from Bacillus thuringiensis by midgut juice of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae resulted in two major protein fragments: a 58-kDa fragment which was highly toxic to the insect and a 49-kDa fragment which was not toxic. In the midgut juice, the protoxin was processed into a 58-kDa toxin within 1 min, but after digestion for 1 h, the 58-kDa fragment was further cleaved within domain I, resulting in the protease-resistant 49-kDa fragment. Both the 58-kDa and nontoxic 49-kDa fragments were also found in vivo when (125)I-labeled toxin was fed to the insects. N-terminal sequencing revealed that the protease cleavage sites are at the C termini of Tyr49 and Leu144 for the active fragment and the smaller fragment, respectively. To prevent the production of the nontoxic fragment during midgut processing, five mutant proteins were constructed by replacing Leu144 of the toxin with Asp (L144D), Ala (L144A), Gly (L144G), His (L144H), or Val (L144V) by using a pair of complementary mutagenic oligonucleotides in PCR. All of the mutant proteins were highly resistant to the midgut proteases and chymotrypsin. Digestion of the mutant proteins by insect midgut extract and chymotrypsin produced only the active 58-kDa fragment, except that L144H was partially cleaved at residue 144.
Carrier-Phase Differential GPS for Control of a Tractor Towed Implement (2000)

This paper explores the use of GPS position 
measurements on a tractor towed implement for position 
control of the implement. Several recent papers have 
focused on automatic steering control of farm vehicles 
using GPS. This paper extends that work to control a 
towed implement through automatic steering of a farm 
tractor. Many times implements are driven on curved 
trajectories, side-hills, or contours where the implement 
and tractor positions may differ. Additionally, some 
heavy implements will pull heavy to one side, creating a 
position bias. It would be advantageous to be able to 
control the actual position of the implement as opposed to 
the position of the tractor in these various circumstances. 
A simple analytical model is developed for the 
tractor/implement combination. The model is validated 
with experimental data using Carrier Phase Differential 
GPS position on the tractor as well as on the implement. 
A controller is then designed and implemented on the 
experimental system to control the position of the implement on a given path across the field. Experimental 
data is given to show the ability to control the position of 
the implement to within 10 cm of the desired path.
Tissue Preparation for the In Situ MALDI MS Imaging of Proteins, Lipids, and Small Molecules at Cellular Resolution (2010)

The resolution of MALDI MS imaging is limited by the displacement of analytes during matrix deposition or by laser focal diameter. Here we present three methods that minimize the displacement of analytes during matrix deposition, including a method where image resolution is not limited by the laser focal diameter. The first method, matrix solution fixation, simultaneously fixes tissue while depositing matrix and is optimal for analyzing proteins and for applications requiring a fast preparation time. This method is characterized by compatibility with histology methods and laser focal diameter-limited resolution. The second method, a sensor controlled aerosol, is characterized by aerosol droplet size-limited resolution and is optimal for small molecules, including lipids, peptides, and drug-like molecules. The third method, microinjection with matrix, selectively deposits matrix upon cells of interest, offers cellular resolution and is compatible with most analytes. A flow chart summarizing methods is provided so that users may design a tissue preparation strategy based upon their resources and experimental goals.
Real-Time Distance Measurement using a Subcarrier FMCW Radar based on a Terahertz-wave Resonant-Tunneling-Diode Oscillator (2021)

We report on real-time distance measurement in the terahertz range using a resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) oscillator by applying the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar principle to a subcarrier of the terahertz wave. Compared with our previous report, the measurement time was reduced from above one minute to below 5 ms, an improvement of over four orders of magnitude. We illustrate the improvement through an experiment in which we measure the distance to a moving target.
A convex hull approach to sparse representations for exemplar-based speech recognition (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel exemplar based technique for classification problems where for every new test sample the classification model is re-estimated from a subset of relevant samples of the training data.We formulate the exemplar-based classification paradigm as a sparse representation (SR) problem, and explore the use of convex hull constraints to enforce both regularization and sparsity. Finally, we utilize the Extended Baum-Welch (EBW) optimization technique to solve the SR problem. We explore our proposed methodology on the TIMIT phonetic classification task, showing that our proposed method offers statistically significant improvements over common classification methods, and provides an accuracy of 82.9%, the best single-classifier number reported to date.
A novel hyper-elastic thin film nitinol covered stent significantly decreases intra-aneurysmal flow in vitro (2011)

A novel hyper-elastic thin film nitinol (HE-TFN) covered stent has been developed to promote aneurysm quiescence by diminishing flow across the aneurysm's neck. Laboratory aneurysm models were used to assess the flow changes produced by stents covered with different patterns of HE-TFN. The flow diverters were constructed by covering Wingspan stents (Boston Scientific) with HE-TFNs (i.e., 82 and 77% porosity) and deployed in both in vitro wide-neck and fusiform glass aneurysm models. In wide-neck aneurysms, the 82% porous HE-TFN stent reduced mean flow velocity in the middle of the sac by 86.42±0.5%, while a 77% porous stent reduced the velocity by 93.44±4.99% (n=3). Local wall shear rates were also significantly reduced by about 98% in this model after device placement. Tests conducted on the fusiform aneurysm revealed smaller intra-aneurysmal flow velocity reduction to 48.96±2.9% for 82% porous and to 59.2±6.9% for 77% porous stent, respectively. The wall shear was reduced by approximately 50% by HE-TFN stents in fusiform models. These results suggest that HE-TFN covered stents have potential to promote thrombosis in both wide-necked and fusiform aneurysm sacs.
Discovery of 2-(3-(3-Carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)phenoxy)acetic Acid Derivatives as Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein–Protein Interaction (2021)

The β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a potential target for the suppression of hyperactive Wnt/β-catenin signaling that is vigorously involved in cancer initiation and development. Herein, we describe the medicinal chemistry optimization of a screening hit to yield novel small-molecule inhibitors of the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction. The best compound <b>30</b> can disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction with a <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> of 3.6 μM in AlphaScreen competitive inhibition assays. Cell-based experiments revealed that <b>30</b> selectively disrupted the β-catenin/BCL9 PPI, while leaving the β-catenin/E-cadherin PPI unaffected, dose-dependently suppressed Wnt signaling transactivation, downregulated oncogenic Wnt target gene expression, and on-target selectively inhibited the growth of cancer cells harboring aberrant Wnt signaling. This compound with a new chemotype can serve as a lead compound for further optimization of inhibitors for β-catenin/BCL9 PPI.
Very Long-term Survival Following Resection for Pancreatic Cancer Is Not Explained by Commonly Mutated Genes: Results of Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis (2015)

Our results suggest that in most patients, somatic mutations in commonly mutated genes are unlikely to be the primary determinant of very long-term survival following surgical resection of PDAC.
Electron-beam-controlled high-power semiconductor switches (1989)

Theoretical and experimental studies on electron-beam-controlled high-power semiconductor switches are discussed. By using cathodoluminescence as a means to ionize the bulk of the semiconductor switch, it seems to be possible-according to the results of a rate equation model-to control current densities of several hundred amperes per square centimeter with electron-beam current densities in the tens of milliamperes per square centimeter. In experiments on semi-insulating gallium arsenide switches with a zinc-doped cathodoluminescent layer, switch current densities of 53 A/cm/sup 2/ were obtained with an electron-beam current density of 36 mA/cm/sup 2/. The resistance of the switch was lowered by more than four orders of magnitude after the electron-beam was turned on. The closing and opening times were 400 ns, determined by the temporal rise and fall of the thermionically generated electron current. By using laser-generated photoelectrons, closing and opening times in the nanosecond range are achievable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA-capped nanoparticles designed for doxorubicin drug delivery (2011)

The anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded onto DNA-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP) designed for specific DOX intercalation. Drug binding was confirmed by monitoring DNA melting temperature, AuNP plasmon resonance maximum, and hydrodynamic radius increase, as a function of [DOX]/[DNA] ratio. The capacity for drug release to target DNA was confirmed.
Performance analysis of RFID Generation-2 protocol (2009)

This paper investigates the performance of EPC-gloabl Generation-2 (Gen-2) ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) protocol. Gen-2 protocol has a critical parameter Q that plays an important role in resolving tag collisions. Gen-2 protocol proposes an adaptive slot-count algorithm to adjust Q dynamically based on the type of replies from tags. In this paper, we define two performance metrics for tag identification: Query Success Rate (QSR) and tag identification speed (TIS). We establish a Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) model for the Gen-2 and accordingly obtain quantitative results of QSR and TIS. Extensive simulations validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the number of tags has little impact on the performance. In other words, QSR and TIS do not nearly decrease even though the number of tags may be increasing. Our model for Gen-2 protocol is also useful to study the performance of other RFID protocols.
Continuous Monitoring of Wound Healing Using a Wearable Enzymatic Uric Acid Biosensor (2018)

Wound management involves repeated clinical trips and procedures of lab tests over days. To eliminate this time lag and provide real-time monitoring of a wound's progress, we have designed an enzymatic biosensor for determining uric acid (UA) in wound fluid. Uric Acid is a biomarker, having an established correlation with wounds and their healing. This electrochemical biosensor comprises enzyme urate oxidase (uricase, UOx) entrapped in a polyvinyl alcohol based cationic polymer for enhanced stability. Results show that the use of a redox electron shuttle, ferrocene carboxylic acid (FCA), enabled electron transfer between the enzyme and the transducer. The immobilized uricase in the polymer matrix provided stable continuous measurements at body temperature for a week with minimal deviation. Detection of uric acid in wound fluid has been determined from volumes as low as 0.5–50μL. Studies from different wound samples have shown an average recovery of 107%. The sensor has been interfaced with LMP91000 potentiostat and controlled by CC2650 microcontroller on a Kapton tape-based miniaturized flexible platform.
Mechanical properties of a new class of metallic glasses based on aluminum (1988)

The mechanical properties (i.e., tensile fracture strength and Young’s modulus) of eight different alloys of a new class of metallic glasses containing up to 90 at. % aluminum are reported along with crystallization temperatures of these alloys. The Al90Fe5Ce5 material has a tensile fracture strength of 940 MPa (1 MPa=145 psi), while two others (Al87Fe8.7Gd4.3 and Al87Ni8.7Y4.3) exceed 800 MPa. Young’s modulus measurements for three of these exceed 60 GPa with a high value of 66 GPa for the Al90Fe5Ce5 glass. These unusually high strengths of the aluminum glasses can be of significant importance in obtaining high-strength, low-density materials.
Facile N-alkylation of acridine esters with 1,3-propane sultone in ionic liquids (2011)

Hydrophilic chemiluminescent acridinium esters containing N-sulfopropyl groups are extremely useful labels in the clinical diagnostics industry. The synthesis of these labels is normally accomplished by N-alkylation of the acridine ester precursors with the carcinogenic reagent 1,3-propane sultone in neat reactions where the alkylating reagent also serves as the solvent. Product yields are often poor, the reactions are not reproducible and are also difficult to scale-up. In our efforts to develop a greener and a more efficient synthesis of N-sulfopropyl acridinium esters, we have discovered that commonly used room temperature ionic liquids such as [BMIM][BF4] and [BMIM][PF6] are excellent media for the N-alkylation of poorly reactive acridine esters with 1,3-propane sultone. Advantages include a significant reduction in the amount of toxic 1,3-propane sultone needed for good conversion to product, and minimal formation of polysulfonated products. The alkylation reaction in ionic liquids is amenable to scale-up for the synthesis of gram quantities of hydrophilic, chemiluminescent acridinium esters.
Using infrared sensor technology for face recognition and human identification (2003)

Recent research has demonstrated distinct advantages using thermal infrared imaging for improving face recognition performance. While conventional video cameras sense reflected light, thermal infrared cameras primarily measure emitted radiation from objects at just above room temperature (e.g., faces). Visible and thermal infrared image data collections of frontal views of faces have been on-going at NIST for over two years producing the most comprehensive database known to involve thermal infrared imagery of human faces. Rigorous experimentation with this database has revealed consistently superior recognition performance of algorithms when applied to thermal infrared particularly under variable illumination conditions. An end-to-end face recognition system incorporating simultaneous coregistered thermal infrared and visible has been developed and tested both indoors and outdoors with good performance.
Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus ) microplus aquaporin as an effective vaccine antigen to protect against cattle tick infestations (2014)

Vaccination as a control method against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus has been practiced since the introduction of two products in the mid-1990s. There is a need for a vaccine that could provide effective control of R. microplus in a more consistent fashion than existing products. During our transcriptome studies of R. microplus, several gene coding regions were discovered to encode proteins with significant amino acid similarity to aquaporins. A cDNA encoding an aquaporin from the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, was isolated from transcriptomic studies conducted on gut tissues dissected from fully engorged adult female R. microplus. Bioinformatic analysis indicates this aquaporin, designated RmAQP1, shows greatest amino acid similarity to the human aquaporin 7 family. Members of this family of water-conducting channels can also facilitate the transport of glycerol in addition to water. The efficacy of this aquaporin as an antigen against the cattle tick was explored in cattle vaccine trials conducted in Brazil. A cDNA encoding a significant portion of RmAQP1 was expressed as a recombinant protein in Pichia pastoris, purified under native conditions using a polyhistidine C-terminus tag and nickel affinity chromatography, emulsified with Montanide adjuvant, and cattle vaccinated intramuscularly. The recombinant protein provided 75% and 68% efficacy in two cattle pen trials conducted in Campo Grande, Brazil on groups of 6 one year old Holstein calves. The effectiveness of this vaccine in reducing the numbers of adult female ticks shows this aquaporin antigen holds promise as an active ingredient in cattle vaccines targeted against infestations of R. microplus.
PHOTONIC GAPS IN PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES (1992)

Using a plane wave expansion method, we solved the Maxwell’s equations for the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside periodic dielectric materials, and found the existence of photonic band gaps in several classes of periodic dielectric structures.
Optical surface optimization for the correction of presbyopia (2006)

Presbyopia, the gradual loss of accommodation that accompanies aging, can be corrected by creating asphericity in the optical path of the eye. Bifocal and aspheric contact lenses, intraocular lenses, spectacle lenses, and laser refractive surgery are all widely used to alleviate the symptoms of presbyopia. These types of corrective surfaces try to concentrate vision in limited peaks over the full range of vergences. The methodology described in this paper is designed to correct presbyopia by optimizing vision over the entire target range of near to distant. A corrective surface was created by employing an iterative function minimization algorithm to optimize an optical metric. In most cases, it is possible to obtain an optical surface that will optically compensate for presbyopia.
<title>Application of grating light reflection spectroscopy in analytical sensors</title> (1994)

A new optical analytical chemical method for measuring concentrations in liquids and gases is described. The method is based on measurements of light reflection from diffraction gratings in contact with the sample. Features in the reflection spectrum are directly related to the complex dielectric constant of the sample solution.
Exciton Management in Organic Photovoltaic Multidonor Energy Cascades (2014)

Multilayer donor regions in organic photovoltaics show improved power conversion efficiency when arranged in decreasing exciton energy order from the anode to the acceptor interface. These so-called "energy cascades" drive exciton transfer from the anode to the dissociating interface while reducing exciton quenching and allowing improved overlap with the solar spectrum. Here we investigate the relative importance of exciton transfer and blocking in a donor cascade employing diphenyltetracene (D1), rubrene (D2), and tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (D3) whose optical gaps monotonically decrease from D1 to D3. In this structure, D1 blocks excitons from quenching at the anode, D2 accepts transfer of excitons from D1 and blocks excitons at the interface between D2 and D3, and D3 contributes the most to the photocurrent due to its strong absorption at visible wavelengths, while also determining the open circuit voltage. We observe singlet exciton Förster transfer from D1 to D2 to D3 consistent with cascade operation. The power conversion efficiency of the optimized cascade OPV with a C60 acceptor layer is 7.1 ± 0.4%, which is significantly higher than bilayer devices made with only the individual donors. We develop a quantitative model to identify the dominant exciton processes that govern the photocurrent generation in multilayer organic structures.