gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier-lifetime control of photochemical dry etching using elevated impurity concentrations (1989)

Virtually total suppression of carrier-driven photochemical etching of semi-insulating GaAs, n-GaAs, and n+-GaAs has been achieved by indiffusion of Zn to a surface carrier concentration greater than 1020/cm3. This technique for photochemical reaction suppression can be used as a self-aligned etching technology for semiconductor device fabrication.
A Study on an Integer Frequency Offset Estimation and Compensation for DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream (2017)

In this paper, we propose an integer frequency offset estimation and compensation method based on PLC preamble correlation in DOCSIS 3.1 Downstream system. The proposed method determines the PLC preamble subcarrier location recovered from PLC data and the one obtained from PLC preamble correlation. We showed the performance of PLC preamble detection in the received signal through the maximum value detection of PLC preamble correlation. Thus we can estimate and compensate for the integer frequency offset by computing the difference of PLC subcarrier locations.
Implantable Defibrillator Electrode Systems: A Brief Review (1985)

Since the first report of a defibrillation attempt with an intracardiac catheter electrode nearly 30 years ago, investigators have developed implantable electrode systems consisting of metal disks, endocardial catheters, and epicardial patches. These early efforts demonstrated the feasibility of low-energy reversion of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and also provided some insight into the mechanisms of fibrillation and defibrillation. This review describes the evolution of implantable defibrillator electrode systems. Early investigators attempted defibrillation with submuscularly implanted metal disks or a disk electrode paired with an endocardial catheter electrode. Electrode design emphasis turned to transvenous catheter systems with electrodes placed in the right ventricle and right atrium. A more successful configuration placed the proximal electrode in the superior vena cava. In an effort to ensure proper placement of the distal electrode in humans, the catheter was replaced with an epicardial patch. More recently, a combination of electrodes and multiple pulses has substantially reduced the energy required to defibrillate. Effective electrode systems that can convert lethal arrhythmias with a minimum of energy will aid in making implantable cardioverters and defibrillators the therapy of choice in patients at high risk of sudden coronary death.
Functionally Graded Solid-State Laser Gain Media Fabricated by Direct Ink Write and Ceramic Processing (2016)

Transparent ceramic fabrication can offer a route to functionally structured solid-state laser gain media. We report here on high transparency, fully-dense transparent optical ceramics with compositional gradients, fabricated by direct ink write (DIW) methods.
Regulation of Function and Expression of P-Selectin (1995)

P-selectin is an adhesion receptor for leukocytes that is expressed on activated platelets and endothelial cells. The surface expression of P-selectin is tightly regulated through signals in the cytoplasmic domain that mediate sorting into secretory granules, internalization into coated pits, and targeting to lysosomes for degradation. Like the other selectins, P-selectin binds sialylated, fucosylated carbohydrate ligands such as sialyl Lewis x. However, it binds with much higher affinity to PSGL-1, a sialomucin-like glycoprotein on myeloid cells. Binding of PSGL-1 to P-selectin may be essential for leukocytes to roll on P-selectin-expressing cells under shear forces.
Automatic partitioning of head CTA for enabling segmentation (2004)

Radiologists perform a CT Angiography procedure to examine vascular structures and associated pathologies such as aneurysms. Volume rendering is used to exploit volumetric capabilities of CT that provides complete interactive 3-D visualization. However, bone forms an occluding structure and must be segmented out. The anatomical complexity of the head creates a major challenge in the segmentation of bone and vessel. An analysis of the head volume reveals varying spatial relationships between vessel and bone that can be separated into three sub-volumes: “proximal”, “middle”, and “distal”. The “proximal” and “distal” sub-volumes contain good spatial separation between bone and vessel (carotid referenced here). Bone and vessel appear contiguous in the “middle” partition that remains the most challenging region for segmentation. The partition algorithm is used to automatically identify these partition locations so that different segmentation methods can be developed for each sub-volume. The partition locations are computed using bone, image entropy, and sinus profiles along with a rule-based method. The algorithm is validated on 21 cases (varying volume sizes, resolution, clinical sites, pathologies) using ground truth identified visually. The algorithm is also computationally efficient, processing a 500+ slice volume in 6 seconds (an impressive 0.01 seconds / slice) that makes it an attractive algorithm for pre-processing large volumes. The partition algorithm is integrated into the segmentation workflow. Fast and simple algorithms are implemented for processing the “proximal” and “distal” partitions. Complex methods are restricted to only the “middle” partition. The partitionenabled segmentation has been successfully tested and results are shown from multiple cases.
Cryogenic prototyping of chitosan scaffolds with controlled micro and macro architecture and their effect on <i>in vivo</i> neo‐vascularization and cellular infiltration (2010)

A major challenge in tissue engineering has been to develop scaffolds with controlled complex geometries, on both the macro- and micro-scale. One group of techniques, using rapid prototyping (RP) processes, has the capability to produce complex three-dimensional structures with good control over the size, geometry, and connectivity of the pores. In this article, a novel technique based on RP technology, that is, cryogenic prototyping (CP), that has the capability to fabricate scaffolds with controlled macro- and micro-structures, is presented. Our in vivo studies showed that the micro architecture (i.e., both pore size and pore orientation) and macro structures of the CP scaffolds affect both cellular infiltration and neo-vascularization. Full cellular infiltration and neo-vascularization were observed after 28 days in scaffolds with micropore sizes of 90 microm. In addition, it was observed that channels (300 microm) created in scaffolds were effective at enhancing cellular infiltration and vascularization. Our results have demonstrated that CP is a viable method for fabricating scaffolds for a wide range of tissue engineering applications.
Radial reflection diffraction tomography (2006)

A wave-based tomographic imaging algorithm based upon a single, rotating, radially outward oriented transducer has been developed. At successive angular locations at a fixed radius, the transducer launches a primary field and collects the backscattered field in a ‘‘pitch/catch’’ operation. The hardware configuration, operating mode, and data collection method are identical to that of most medical intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) systems. The goal is to develop a wave-based imaging algorithm using diffraction tomography techniques. Given the hardware configuration and the imaging method, this system is referred to as ‘‘radial reflection diffraction tomography.’’ Two hardware configurations are considered: a multimonostatic mode using a single transducer as described above, and a multistatic mode consisting of a single transmitter and an aperture formed by multiple receivers. The probe is mounted at the end of a catheter or snaking tube inserted into a part or medium with the goal of forming images of the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. An analytic expression for the multimonostatic inverse is derived but ultimately a Hilbert space inverse wave algorithm is used to construct images using both operating modes. Applications include improved IVUS imaging, bore hole tomography, and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of parts with existing access holes.
Advancements toward a high-power, carbon nanotube, thin-film loudspeaker (2014)

© 2014 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. The carbon nanotube (CNT) thermophone has been explored as a novel loudspeaker. Potential advantages of this technology in the audio industry include ultra-lightweight, low production cost, compact size, and independence from rare-earth materials. In this paper, progress toward a practical CNT loudspeaker is presented. Large, high quality CNT thin-film assemblies are designed and built. Design guidance for these types of assemblies is provided. Maximum sound output level, total harmonic distortion, and power efficiency tests are performed. A maximum source level of 111 dBA at 1 m is achieved at 2 kHz with the new sources. The main hurdle to this technology remains power efficiency. Several paths forward are discussed as this technology continues to advance to a position where it may be able to compete with current state-of-the-art, moving-coil loudspeakers.
Speed estimation for contactless electromagnetic encoders (2017)

This paper considers speed estimation for contactless electromagnetic (EM) encoder system with a moving read-head and spatially periodic placed reflectors. We first introduce a new signal model to capture reflected signals from these spatially periodic placed reflectors. Then an instantaneous phase-based speed estimator is proposed by using the phase unwrapping technique followed by a nonlinear least square method for motion-related parameters. The proposed speed estimator is verified by 1) Monte-Carlo simulations to confirm its statistical efficiency as the numerical mean squared errors approach to corresponding Cramér-Rao bounds and 2) a semi-analytical dataset by accounting for real system specificaltions such as the antenna beampattern, 3-dB beamwidth, and noise.
OASIS (2013)

We present OASIS, a CPU instruction set extension for externally verifiable initiation, execution, and termination of an isolated execution environment with a trusted computing base consisting solely of the CPU. OASIS leverages the hardware components available on commodity CPUs to achieve a low-cost, low-overhead design.
Dielectric Waveguide Circulator (1981)

The design and development of a Y-junction dielectric waveguide circulator which operates in the 35 GHz frequency region is described. The unit consists of a magnesium titanate dielectric waveguide transmission line utilizing Ni Zn ferrite as the gyromagnetic junction material, all of which is mounted on a low permittivity (ε') dielectric substrate.
CPP spin-valves utilizing ultra-strong Ir coupled antiparallel pinned layers for thick reference layer stabilization (2005)

The magneto-resistance (/spl Delta/R/R) of a current-perpendicular-to-the-plane (CPP) spin-valve sensor with an anti-parallel (AP) coupled pinned layer can be increased by increasing the thickness of its reference ferromagnetic layer (AP2) close to the spin-diffusion length of the material employed within AP2 in order to generate more bulk electron spin scattering. However ultra-strong antiferromagnetic coupling is required to maintain a high saturation field in the AP coupled structure, which is one criterion for a stable sensor. We found that Ir coupled anti-parallel (AP) pinned structures can be prepared with an extremely high coupling allowing us to increase the thickness of both the pinned layer,(AP1) and AP2 to more than 100 /spl Aring/ while maintaining both high saturation fields and a balanced AP-pinned structure. Annealing was done at 225/spl deg/C for 4 hours and the hysteresis loops of the annealed Ta(50)/NiFe(35)/CoFe/sub 10/(50)/Ir(6)/CoFe/sub 10/(50)/Ru(50)/Ta(25) sample and the as-deposited sample were compared which showed that Ir coupled structures are unstable against thermal annealing. We grew metallic Ir AP coupled self-pinned CPP spin valves structure which did not require annealing and patterned them into pillars using electron beam lithography and ion milling. The magnetoresistance increased with AP2 layer thickness.
Microfluidic assessment of swimming media for motility-based sperm selection (2015)

Selection medium is important in sperm isolation for assisted reproductive technologies. Contrary to the naturally occurring human cervical mucus which has a high viscosity, most current practices for motility based sperm selection use a low viscosity medium. In this study, we used a microfluidic device to assess the effects of high viscosity media made with hyaluronic acid (HA) and methyl cellulose (MC) on bovine and human sperm motility and viability (sperm transferred directly from cryoprotectant). The microfluidic penetration test, viability, and motility were compared for sperm swimming in both HA and MC media with about 20cp viscosity (measured at 20 °C). Our resulted indicate that MC medium resulted in a significantly higher number of viable bovine sperm penetrating the medium as compared to HA. Furthermore, MC resulted in the selection of a sperm subpopulation with a 274% increase in sperm viability in comparison to the raw semen, while HA increased viability by only 133%. In addition to viability, bovine sperm motility parameters were significantly higher in the MC medium as compared with HA. Experiments with human sperm swimming in MC indicate that sperm swim slower and straighter at higher viscosities. In conclusion, the results indicate that in a micro-confined environment representative of the in vivo environment, MC is a preferred high viscosity medium to ensure the highest concentration of motile and viable sperm.
Magnetorheological Bypass Damper Exploiting Flow Through a Porous Channel (2007)

A magnetorheological (MR) damper with a bypass valve containing porous media is developed. Movement of the piston forces MR fluid to flow from one side of the piston to the other, through an externally mounted bypass packed with magnetic spheres. The passageways between the spheres provide narrow, tortuous channels that act as a controllable valve when subjected to a magnetic field. A stationary magnetic coil is wrapped around the so-called porous valve, which is isolated from the MR fluid and external to the primary hydraulic cylinder. While flowing through the tortuous channels in the porous media created by the packed spheres, the MR fluid experiences varied local flow directions, and thus an external field can be applied in any direction to adjust damping levels. Additionally, the use of long channels, which are tightly packed to create narrow passageways, allows a very high damping force to be generated by a relatively compact damper. Furthermore, use of an externally mounted coil allows for maintenance accessibility, and the magnetic flux return path can be either empty (air) or any high permeability material. The damper is tested for steady-state sinusoidal displacements, and equivalent viscous damping and complex stiffness are computed. It is shown that the porous bypass valve MR damper can provide high controllable damping force and a wide force range.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,5-Tri- and 1,3,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles from <i>N</i>-Arylhydrazones and Nitroolefins (2008)

Two general protocols are developed for the regioselective synthesis of 1,3,5-tri- and 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrazoles by the reaction of electron-deficient N-arylhydrazones with nitroolefins. Studies on the stereochemistry of the key pyrazolidine intermediate suggest a stepwise cycloaddition mechanism.
Strain Improvement of <i>Rhodotorula graminis</i> for Production of a Novel <scp>l</scp> -Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (1988)

l-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) from Rhodotorula rubra has been used in the commercial manufacture of l-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid. In this study, R. graminis PAL was investigated. Mutant strain GX6000 was isolated after ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis of wild-type R. graminis GX5007 by selecting for resistance to phenylpropiolic acid, an analog of trans-cinnamic acid. Mutant strain GX6000 produced inducible PAL at levels four- to fivefold higher than had wild-type R. graminis. Furthermore, this strain had several other physiological traits that make it more commercially useful than R. rubra. For example, during fermentation, the PAL half-life was three- to fivefold longer, PAL specific activity was six to seven times higher, and PAL synthesis was significantly less inhibited by temperatures above 30 degrees C. Induction of PAL in strain GX6000 appeared to be less tightly regulated; l-leucine acted synergistically with l-phenylalanine, the physiological inducer, to increase the PAL specific activity and titer to 165 U/g (dry weight) and 3,000 U/liter, respectively, a 40% increase over the effect of l-phenylalanine alone. Strain GX6000 PAL showed significantly greater stability in bioreactors for the synthesis of l-phenylalanine, a finding that is consistent with the stability properties observed during fermentation.
Methods for improving limited field‐of‐view radiotherapy reconstructions using imperfect <i>a priori</i> images (2002)

There are many benefits to having an online CT imaging system for radiotherapy, as it helps identify changes in the patient's position and anatomy between the time of planning and treatment. However, many current online CT systems suffer from a limited field-of-view (LFOV) in that collected data do not encompass the patient's complete cross section. Reconstruction of these data sets can quantitatively distort the image values and introduce artifacts. This work explores the use of planning CT data as a priori information for improving these reconstructions. Methods are presented to incorporate this data by aligning the LFOV with the planning images and then merging the data sets in sinogram space. One alignment option is explicit fusion, producing fusion-aligned reprojection (FAR) images. For cases where explicit fusion is not viable, FAR can be implemented using the implicit fusion of normal setup error, referred to as normal-error-aligned reprojection (NEAR). These methods are evaluated for multiday patient images showing both internal and skin-surface anatomical variation. The iterative use of NEAR and FAR is also investigated, as are applications of NEAR and FAR to dose calculations and the compensation of LFOV online MVCT images with kVCT planning images. Results indicate that NEAR and FAR can utilize planning CT data as imperfect a priori information to reduce artifacts and quantitatively improve images. These benefits can also increase the accuracy of dose calculations and be used for augmenting CT images (e.g., MVCT) acquired at different energies than the planning CT.
AKAP4 is a circulating biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (2015)

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are widely expressed in tumor tissues, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and in cancer derived exosomes that are frequently engulfed by lymphoid cells. To determine whether tumor derived CTA mRNAs could be detected in RNA from purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we assayed for the expression of 116 CTAs in PBMC RNA in a discovery set and identified AKAP4 as a potential NSCLC biomarker. We validated AKAP4 as a highly accurate biomarker in a cohort of 264 NSCLCs and 135 controls from 2 different sites including a subset of controls with high risk lung nodules. When all (264) lung cancers were compared with all (135) controls the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9714. When 136 stage I NSCLC lung cancers are compared with all controls the AUC is 0.9795 and when all lung cancer patients were compared to 27 controls with histologically confirmed benign lung nodules, a comparison of significant clinical importance, the AUC was 0.9825. AKAP4 expression increases significantly with tumor stage, but independent of age, gender, smoking history or cancer subtype. Follow-up studies in a small number of resected NSCLC patients revealed a decrease of AKAP4 expression post-surgical resection that remained low in patients in remission and increased with tumor recurrence. AKAP4 is a highly accurate biomarker for the detection of early stage lung cancer.
[Ultrasonic measurement of arterial wall for quantitative diagnosis of atherosclerosis--elasticity imaging of arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaque]. (2007)

To provide useful information for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis in addition to the imaging of morphology using B-mode ultrasonography, we have developed a method, namely, the phased-tracking method, to measure the small change in the thickness of the arterial wall due to the heartbeat. This change in thickness corresponds to strain due to the change in internal pressure, and the elasticity of the arterial wall is obtained by the simultaneous measurement of the change in thickness and pulse pressure. Furthermore, an elasticity image can be classified into tissue components using the reference data obtained by in vitro experiments because the elastic properties are different among the tissue components in the arterial wall. We have measured the elasticity distributions of lipids, blood clots, fibrous tissue, and calcified tissue in vitro. From these results, it was found that arterial tissues can be classified into soft tissues (lipids, blood clots) and hard tissues (fibrous tissue, calcified tissue) on the basis of their elasticity. However, it is difficult to differentiate lipids from blood clots and fibrous tissue from calcified tissue because the elasticity distributions of these components overlap each other. To overcome this problem, we proposed a tissue classification method in which, the elasticity distribution of each small region of interest (not a single pixel) in an elasticity image was used in the classification of lipids, blood clots, fibrous tissue, and calcified tissue, respectively. Tissue classification results obtained by this method showed good agreement with the pathological image of the corresponding section.
Interference Suppression In Wcdma Downlink By Symbol-Level Channel Equalization (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Inductance and Resistance Calculations in Three-Dimensional Packaging Using Cylindrical Conduction-Mode Basis Functions (2009)

For the successful electrical design of system-in-package, this paper proposes an efficient method for extracting wideband resistance and inductance from a large number of 3-D interconnections. The proposed method uses the modal equivalent network from the electric field integral equation with cylindrical conduction-mode basis function, which reduces the matrix size for large 3-D interconnection problems. Additional enhancement schemes proposed further reduce the cost for computing the partial inductances. Therefore, the method discussed in this paper can be used to construct accurate models of a large number of 3-D interconnection structures such as more than 100 bonding wires used for stacking chips.
Oral administration of a nonimmunosuppressant FKBP-12 ligand speeds nerve regeneration (1998)

WE recently showed that s.c. injections of a nonimmunosuppressant FK506 binding protein-12 (FKBP-12) ligand (V-10,367) accelerates nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve crush model. Here we examined the oral efficacy of this compound for speeding nerve regeneration. Rats receiving V-10,367 (5, 15 or 50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage all demonstrated an increase in nerve regeneration compared to vehicle-treated controls. Functional recovery was observed earliest and axonal calibers of regenerating axons in the soleus nerve were largest in the 15 mg/kg group, mean axonal areas being increased by 66% compared to controls. Orally active nonimmunosuppressant FKBP-12 ligands may be useful for the treatment of human peripheral nerve disorders.