gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B Cells Loaded with Synthetic Particulate Antigens: A Versatile Platform To Generate Antigen-Specific Helper T Cells for Cell Therapy (2015)

Adoptive cell therapy represents a promising approach for several chronic diseases. This study describes an innovative strategy for biofunctionalization of nanoparticles, allowing the generation of synthetic particulate antigens (SPAg). SPAg activate polyclonal B cells and vectorize noncognate proteins into their endosomes, generating highly efficient stimulators for ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. This method also allows harnessing the ability of B cells to polarize CD4+ T cells into effectors or regulators.
A New Way to Think About Secure Computation: Language-based Secure Computation (2007)

Assume two parties, Alice and Bob, want to compute a joint function, but they want to keep their inputs private. This problem setting and its solutions are known as secure computation. General solutions to secure computation require the construction of a binary circuit for the function to be computed. This paper proposes the concept of languagebased secure computation. Instead of constructing a binary circuit program code is directly translated into a secure computation protocol. This concept is compared to the approaches for language-based informationflow security and many connections between the two approaches are identified. The major challenge in this translation is the secure translation of the program’s control-flow without leaking private information via a timing channel. The paper presents a method for translating an if statement with a secret branching condition that may not be known to any party. Furthermore, that protocol can be optimized using trusted computing, such that the overall performance of a program executed as a secure computation protocol can be greatly improved.
UV–Visible Spectroscopy for Quantification of Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Performance (2011)

Drop-on-demand inkjet technology offers a method through which nano- to microgram quantities of a substance can be delivered to a precise target location. However, few measurement techniques exist to quantify the material dispensed in quantities representative of those deposited on a typical target. While many methods exist that are suited to quantitate the cumulative material dispensed by large numbers of drops, few are capable of adequately quantifying subthousand drop counts. This gap in the quantitation methodology is significant since typically the first few drops in a burst have different mass from that of the subsequent drops. A UV–visible spectroscopic method is presented here as a means to quantify the dispensed material associated with drops numbering in the few tens to hundreds, with this method exhibiting excellent repeatability and reproducibility without the need for lengthy calibrations or sample preparation times. The resolution and precision of this method make it an attractive choice for in-process testing, in which both accuracy and throughput are of high importance.
Mobile Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2012)

In order to make NMR available for applications that require moving the NMR equipment outside of the laboratory, several research groups have engaged in developing magnets and radiofrequency probes suitable for in situ measurements. This article summarizes the advances reported in the field of mobile NMR within the last decade. In particular, emphasis is placed on the challenges posed by the hardware while optimizing compact sensors when specific methods, such as relaxation, imaging, or spectroscopy, need to be implemented. Since the design of mobile systems is driven by the target application, the tools are engineered in view of the optimum compromise between portability and sensitivity among the configurations that generate the required magnetic field profile. This review covers the most relevant methodologies available for sample characterization within mobile NMR and describes the steps taken to optimize the sensors.
The Group I Strain of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> , UA140, Produces Both the Lantibiotic Mutacin I and a Nonlantibiotic Bacteriocin, Mutacin IV (2001)

Strains of Streptococcus mutans produce at least three mutacins, I, II, and III. Mutacin II is a member of subgroup AII in the lantibiotic family of bacteriocins, and mutacins I and III belong to subgroup AI in the lantibiotic family. In this report, we characterize two mutacins produced by UA140, a group I strain of S. mutans. One is identical to the lantibiotic mutacin I produced by strain CH43 (F. Qi et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:3221-3229, 2000); the other is a nonlantibiotic bacteriocin, which we named mutacin IV. Mutacin IV belongs to the two-peptide, nonlantibiotic family of bacteriocins produced by gram-positive bacteria. Peptide A, encoded by gene nlmA, is 44 amino acids (aa) in size and has a molecular mass of 4,169 Da; peptide B, encoded by nlmB, is 49 aa in size and has a molecular mass of 4,826 Da. Both peptides derive from prepeptides with glycines at positions -2 and -1 relative to the processing site. Production of mutacins I and IV by UA140 appears to be regulated by different mechanisms under different physiological conditions. The significance of producing two mutacins by one strain under different conditions and the implication of this property in terms of the ecology of S. mutans in the oral cavity are discussed.
Stack of Planar Double-Sided Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2012)

A new design of a small power SOFC battery is presented. The battery consists of an array of flat double-sided fuel cells assembled with only two screws. Fuel cells are made with the application of commercially available HTCC green tapes. Eight layers of 180μm thick anode tape (YSZ+NiO) constitute the anode base structure of the double-sided fuel cell. Within the anode base structure, the separate areas serve as: the functional anode, the anode current collector, and the support for the anode functional layer. Also a network of fine micro channels is embedded within the anode base structure. The individual double-sided fuel cell is completed by deposition of the following layers, which constitute the electrolyte, the cathode, and the cathode current collector These layers are deposited on both sides of the anode base structure by means of screen-printing. Each double-sided fuel cell is provided with the own separate fuel distributor and combustion product collector. That beneficial feature enables completing the tests, separately for each cell, prior assembly into battery.
Development a Variable Damping Shoulder Joint Tracking Mechanism for Effective Shoulder Rehabilitation (2019)

논문에서는 상지 재활 로봇을 위한 가변 감쇠형 견관절 추종 장치의 설계에 대해 다룬다. 상지 재활 로봇은 견관절과 로봇의 회전 중심이 일치하도록 설계되어야 한다. 이를 위해 간단한 구조의 견관절 추종 메커니즘이 개발되었지만, 사용자의 힘을 필요로 하는 재활 운동에서는 외력으로 인한 과도한 움직임에 의해 회전 중심과의 불일치가 발생하였다. 본 가변 감쇠 메커니즘은 공압 실린더와 밸브로 구성된 구조로, 필요한 상황에 맞추어 손쉽게 감쇠력을 변경할 수 있다. 본 메커니즘의 견관절 추종 성능 검증을 위해 성인 5명에 대해 상지 동작 분석 실험을 진행한 결과, 각 방향의 동작에 대응하는 최적 감쇠력을 제공하며 동작을 수행하였을 때 견관절과 장치의 회전 중심 간 차이가 유의미하게 70~80% 수준으로 줄어들어 견관절 추종 성능이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.
Assembly of wormhole aluminosilicate mesostructures from zeolite seeds (2004)

Aluminosilicate mesostructures (Si/Al = 1.6–49) with wormhole framework structures were assembled from protozeolitic nanoclusters (zeolite seeds) that normally nucleate the crystallization of faujasite (FAU), zeolite ZSM-5 (MFI) and zeolite Beta (BEA). The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium, the electrically neutral surfactant dodecylamine and the small molecule triethanolamine all are effective structure directors for the assembly of wormhole frameworks from zeolite seeds. The resulting aluminosilicate mesostructures exhibit high textural porosity, hydrothermal stability toward boiling water and 20% steam at 800 °C, and acidity for catalytic cumene cracking. That is, the amine and onium ion structure directors used to template a wormhole framework structure do not compromise the benefits provided by the zeolite seeds.
Survey of Lignin-Structure Changes and Depolymerization during Ionic Liquid Pretreatment (2017)

A detailed study of chemical changes in lignin structure during the ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment process is not only pivotal for understanding and overcoming biomass recalcitrance during IL pretreatment but is also necessary for designing new routes for lignin valorization. Chemical changes in lignin were systematically studied as a function of pretreatment temperature, time, and type of IL used. Kraft lignin was used as the lignin source, and common pretreatment conditions were employed using three different ILs of varying chemical structure in terms of acidic or basic character. The chemical changes in the lignin structure due to IL pretreatment processes were monitored using 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 31P NMR, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and the depolymerized products were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although, with pretreatment in acidic IL, triethylammonium hydrogensulfate ([TEA][HSO4]) results in the maximum decrease in the β-aryl ether bond, maximum dehydration and recondensation pathways were also evident, with the net process showing a minimum decrease in the molecular weight of regenerated lignin. However, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) pretreatment yields a smaller decrease in the β-aryl ether content along with minimum evidence of recondensation, resulting in the maximum decrease in the molecular weight. Cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys]) pretreatment shows an intermediate result, with moderate depolymerization, dehydration, and recondensation observed. The depolymerization products after IL pretreatment are found to be a function of the pretreatment temperature and the specific chemical nature of the IL used. At higher pretreatment temperature, [Ch][Lys] pretreatment yields guaiacol, [TEA][HSO4] yields guaiacylacetone, and [C2C1Im][OAc] yields both guaiacol and guaiacylacetone as major products. These results clearly indicate that the changes in lignin structure as well as the depolymerized product profile depend on the pretreatment conditions and the nature of the ILs. The insight gained on lignin structure changes and possible depolymerized products during IL pretreatment process would help future lignin valorization efforts in a potential IL-based lignocellulosic biorefinery.
Development of High-Capacity Periodate Battery with Three-Dimensional-Printed Casing Accommodating Replaceable Flexible Electrodes (2018)

We present the development of a novel battery comprising iron(III) periodate complex cathode and zinc anode. The periodate complex [H<sub>7</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>(IO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>] was prepared by a precipitation reaction between Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and NaIO<sub>4</sub> and was used in battery development for the first time. The periodate complex along with 14% carbon nanotubes and a polytetrafluoroethylene coating formed a stable flexible electrode, and the battery showed specific capacity as high as 300 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>. Compared to single-electron processes in conventional cathode reactions, the possibility to significantly enhancing the cathode specific capacity via a multielectron process associated with valence change from I(VII) to I<sub>2</sub> is demonstrated. A novel three-dimensional printed reserve battery design comprising replaceable electrodes and acetic acid electrolyte is also presented.
Integrating nanopore sensors within microfluidic channel arrays using controlled breakdown (2015)

Nanopore arrays are fabricated by controlled dielectric breakdown (CBD) in solid-state membranes integrated within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices. This technique enables the scalable production of independently addressable nanopores. By confining the electric field within the microfluidic architecture, nanopore fabrication is precisely localized and electrical noise is significantly reduced. Both DNA and protein molecules are detected to validate the performance of this sensing platform.
Nanosecond-to-picosecond pulse compression with fiber gratings in a compact fiber-based chirped-pulse-amplification system (1996)

A chirped, 12-cm-long fiber Bragg grating with 10-nm spectral bandwidth was employed in place of a conventional diffraction grating pair compressor in a compact fiber-based high-energy chirped-pulseamplification system. Initial nanosecond chirped pulses from a fast-tuned laser diode were compressed to produce 1.9-ps-long, 300-nJ pulses.
On the Matching of Microstrip-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antennas (2013)

As the permittivity of dielectric resonators decreases, it becomes difficult to feed the dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) using direct microstrip lines. The variation of the resonant input resistance with the feed location becomes smaller, while the maximum achievable peak resistance dramatically drops to lower than 50 Ω in most cases. To satisfy the impedance matching, field matching, improve coupling to low-permittivity dielectric resonators, and further increase the antenna bandwidth associated with the dominant mode, without disturbing far-field properties, tapered microstrip line-fed DRAs are proposed, designed, fabricated and evaluated in this communication. Both measurements and simulation investigations are presented and the results are compared with other forms of microstrip feed lines. The impedance bandwidth can be 75% larger than the bandwidth achieved by the step-shape microstrip-fed DRA. Symmetrical radiation patterns with low cross-polarization levels (lower than -22 dB) and a gain ranging from 4.9 to 6.8 dBi, within the impedance bandwidth of the antenna, are observed in the measurements. It is also shown that the proximity coupled tapered microstrip line is an ideal feeding for high-permittivity DRAs in situations where the microstrip line cannot be positioned underneath the dielectric resonator. To verify, one such antenna is designed, simulated and experimentally investigated, obtaining satisfactory results.
A 12.5Gb/s/link non-contact multi drop bus system with impedance-matched transmission line couplers and Dicode partial-response channel transceivers (2012)

A reduced-reflection multi-drop bus system using Dicode (1-D) partial response signaling transceiver is presented for the first time in the world. Directional couplers on transmission lines arranged with equi-energy distributing and exact impedance matched conditions allow the bus to reach to 12.5Gbps/link speed. The transmission line has 5-convex portions to form one side of a coupler where the transmission line width is adjusted to control the characteristic impedance of the coupling section, minimizing signal reflection from each section. Dicode partial-response signaling method with a half-rate architecture was used where a precoder is placed in the transmitter to make the signal best fit for the channel to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI) where the test chip transmitter occupies 3,750 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the receiver occupies 750 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 90nm CMOS technology, consuming 40mA and 23mA respectively at the supply voltage of 1.2V.
Fully-depleted-collector polysilicon-emitter SiGe-base vertical bipolar transistor on SOI (2003)

A novel vertical bipolar transistor on SOI is proposed and demonstrated. The transistor operates on the principle that the collector region is fully depleted so that the charge carriers travel laterally towards the collector reachthrough and contact after traversing the intrinsic base layer. The SOI silicon layer thickness is comparable to that used in SOI CMOS, and no subcollector layer or deep trench isolation are required. Simulated device characteristics are shown. The transistor is demonstrated in a polysilicon-emitter SiGe-base npn implementation on SOI with a 140-nm silicon layer. The fabricated npn bipolar transistors exhibit a BVceo of 4.2 V and a peak f/sub T/ of over 60 GHz.
Abstract 307: Targeting BCL-2 and BCL-xL with a novel dual inhibitor APG-1252 triggers cell death and inhibits tumor growth in small cell lung cancer models (2018)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most deadly diseases with a dismal five year survival rate less than 7%. Even though most SCLC patients respond to the initial platinum-based cytotoxic or radiation therapies, they inevitably relapse and succumb to the disease. Anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-xL, which are highly expressed in 40-60% of SCLCs and play a critical role in tumorigenesis and drug resistance, have been emerging as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. We have recently developed a novel dual BCL-2/BCL-xL inhibitor APG-1252 for cancer therapy. In this study, the effect of APG-1252 was evaluated in a panel of SCLC cell lines for discovery of indications and predictive biomarkers. The results show that the sensitivity of SCLC cell lines with sub-µM or nM IC50 values are correlated with the higher expression levels of BCL-2/BCL-xL, BIM and/or PUMA but lower levels of MCL-1. Conversely, the resistant cell lines either lack of BCL-2/BCL-xL protein, or exhibit higher level of MCL-1 protein. In xenograft tumor models, consistent with in vitro results, APG-1252 exhibits antitumor activities in the models derived from the sensitive cells but not in those from the resistant cells. Interestingly, while ABT-263 failed to inhibit H146 xenograft tumor growth, despite of its similar in vitro killing ability as APG-1252, APG-1252 showed potent antitumor activity in the xenograft model. To overcome the drug resistance conferred by MCL-1 in the resistant cells, we explore the combination therapy with other targeted agents. We found that our novel MDM2 inhibitor APG-115 was able to overcome the intrinsic resistance and sensitize those cells to APG-1252 in vitro, suggesting that reducing the apoptotic threshold by inhibiting other anti-death proteins like MCL-1 or increasing apoptotic function through p53 can enhance SCLC sensitivity to APG-1252. Collectively, APG-1252 represents a novel opportunity that can neutralize the protection from BCL-2/BCL-xL and trigger cell death and inhibit tumor growth in SCLC models. With the significance of these preclinical data, APG-1252 has been granted for phase 1 clinical trials in USA (NCT03080311) and China. Citation Format: GuangFeng Wang, Ping Min, MiaoYi Wu, Shuo Dang, ChuanYan Tang, Fei Zhang, Ming Guo, Shaomeng Wang, Jing Deng, Douglas D. Fang, DaJun Yang, YiFan Zhai. Targeting BCL-2 and BCL-xL with a novel dual inhibitor APG-1252 triggers cell death and inhibits tumor growth in small cell lung cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 307.
Training Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Resistive Cross-Point Devices (2017)

In a previous work we have detailed the requirements for obtaining maximal deep learning performance benefit by implementing fully connected deep neural networks (DNN) in the form of arrays of resistive devices. Here we extend the concept of Resistive Processing Unit (RPU) devices to convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We show how to map the convolutional layers to fully connected RPU arrays such that the parallelism of the hardware can be fully utilized in all three cycles of the backpropagation algorithm. We find that the noise and bound limitations imposed by the analog nature of the computations performed on the arrays significantly affect the training accuracy of the CNNs. Noise and bound management techniques are presented that mitigate these problems without introducing any additional complexity in the analog circuits and that can be addressed by the digital circuits. In addition, we discuss digitally programmable update management and device variability reduction techniques that can be used selectively for some of the layers in a CNN. We show that a combination of all those techniques enables a successful application of the RPU concept for training CNNs. The techniques discussed here are more general and can be applied beyond CNN architectures and therefore enables applicability of the RPU approach to a large class of neural network architectures.
On measuring the instantaneous blood pressure in an artery via the tissue control method (2007)

This paper presents a non-invasive approach to measuring the instantaneous arterial blood pressure based upon the tissue control method. According to animal experiments, there exists a pressed location where the mean blood pressure in the artery is equivalent to the mean pressure measured on the skin. At this location, the stiffness measured on the skin is equivalent to the stiffness of the tissue only. By means of the tissue control method, the pulsations of the artery are excluded from tissues. The displacement measured on the skin and the tracking pressure obtained from the controller identify the dynamical impedance of the blood vessel, and then estimate the instantaneous intra-arterial blood pressure. The experimental results show that errors of mean blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are less than 4%, and indicate that the tissue control method is a feasible way to detect the instantaneous arterial blood pressure.
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Serine Repeat Protein, a New Target of Monocyte-Dependent Antibody-Mediated Parasite Killing (2002)

Using monoclonal antibodies and human affinity-purified antibodies specific to the Plasmodium falciparum 126-kDa serine-rich protein, SERP, we found that these antibodies have no direct effect upon merozoite invasion at the concentrations tested but can cooperate with blood monocytes to strongly inhibit P. falciparum in vitro growth.
Self-oscillating electronic ballast with dimming control (2002)

Self-oscillating electronic ballast is one of the simplest and most cost effective ballasts for driving fluorescent lamps. Disadvantageously, however, the operating frequency of the self-oscillating resonant circuit is, by the nature of its operation, load dependent, and thus is very difficult to control. This paper explores a novel, self-oscillating, dimmable electronic ballast ideal for low cost dimming application. The operating frequency can be easily adjusted to regulate the lamp power and dim the lamp. A prototype is implemented and the operation principle is verified by the experimental results.
Alkaline Surfactant Polymer Flooding using a Novel Class of Large Hydrophobe Surfactants (2012)

Abstract With recent advances in Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding, the demand for high performance EOR surfactants is rapidly increasing. This is accompanied by the need for a diverse raw material base. We have successfully developed and tested a novel class of hydrophobes for anionic surfactants that satisfy this need at low cost. The hydrophobe for these novel surfactants is Tristyrylphenol (TSP), which is based on the petrochemical feed stocks, phenol and styrene. TSP based surfactants have unique structural features that can be exploited to fit many EOR surfactant needs. We illustrate the performance of this class of TSP surfactants for a waxy crude oil with a high acid number. Selecting a formulation proved difficult due to the high molecular weight of the crude. The TSP surfactant has four benzene rings that enhanced the solubility of the heavy components of the crude oil, including asphaltenes, making it an attractive choice. The dead crude oil was diluted with either decalin or cyclohexane to match the equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) of the live crude oil. The TSP alkoxy sulfate molecules with varying lengths of propoxy (PO) and ethoxy (EO) chains were tested in microemulsion phase behavior experiments in order to obtain ultra-low IFT at optimum salinity with low microemulsion viscosities. The ASP formulation was successfully tested in reservoir core floods using both surrogate oil and live oil.