gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
E4 orf‐1 gene of adipogenic human adenovirus Ad‐36 enhances cAMP and insulin signaling pathways and induces differentiation in preadipocytes (2006)

Human adenovirus Ad‐36 increases adiposity in experimentally infected animals and shows association with human obesity. Ad‐36 induces greater differentiation of human primary preadipocytes and rodent preadipocytes (3T3‐L1 cells), even in the absence of differentiation inducers ‐ methyl isobutyl xanthine, dexamethasone and insulin (MDI). The lipogenic effect of Ad‐36 on preadipocytes may contribute to its in‐vivo adipogenic effect. We investigated cellular pathways of preadipocyte differentiation modulated by Ad‐36 and candidate viral genes. MDI induces preadipocyte differentiation by activating cAMP and insulin signaling pathways. Consistent with fact that Ad‐36 causes preadipocyte differentiation even without MDI, Ad‐36 infected 3T3‐L1 cells showed enhanced activation of insulin signaling pathway. To identify the contribution of Ad‐36 genes to the effect, 3T3‐L1 cells stably expressing Ad‐36 E1A, E4orf‐1 genes or the null vector were prepared. E4 orf‐1 expressing cells increased spontaneous differentiation, and enhanced cAMP and insulin signaling pathways as determined by elevated cAMP levels, cAMP response element binding protein activity and PI3 Kinase activity. The role of E4orf‐1 in differentiation was further confirmed by attenuating its expression in Ad‐36 infected 3T3‐L1 cells by RNAi technique, which significantly reduced lipid accumulation. These data show that E4 orf‐1 enhances cAMP and insulin signaling pathways and induces differentiation in preadipocytes.
Integrated On-Chip Inductors with Magnetic Films (2006)

On-chip inductors with 2 levels of magnetic material were integrated into an advanced 130 nm CMOS process to obtain over an order of magnitude (>14times) increase in inductance and Q-factor, significantly greater than prior values of 2.3times for high frequency inductors. The magnetic material is shown to operate at frequencies beyond 6.4 GHz for 1 nH inductors. An amorphous CoZrTa alloy exhibiting high permeability, good high-temperature stability (>250degC), high saturation magnetization, low magnetostriction, high resistivity, minimal hysteretic loss, and compatible with silicon technology was used in combination with magnetic vias and elongated structures that take advantage of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy
Nanostructure Secondary-Mirror Apodizing Mask for Transmitter Signal Suppression in a Duplex Telescope (2012)

A document discusses a nanostructure apodizing mask, made of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, that is applied to the centers (or in and around the holes) of the secondary mirrors of telescopes that are used to interferometrically measure the strain of space-time in response to gravitational waves. The shape of this ultra-black mask can be adjusted to provide a smooth transition to the clear aperture of the secondary mirror to minimize diffracted light. Carbon nanotubes grown on silicon are a viable telescope mirror substrate, and can absorb significantly more light than other black treatments. The hemispherical reflectance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown at GSFC is approximately 3 to 10 times better than a standard aerospace paint used for stray light control. At the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) wavelength of 1 micron, the advantage over paint is a factor of 10. Primarily, in the center of the secondary mirror (in the region of central obscuration, where no received light is lost) a black mask is applied to absorb transmitted light that could be reflected back into the receiver. In the LISA telescope, this is in the center couple of millimeters. The shape of this absorber is critical to suppress diffraction at the edge. By using the correct shape, the stray light can be reduced by approximately 10 to the 9 orders of magnitude versus no center mask. The effect of the nanotubes has been simulated in a stray-light model. The effect of the apodizing mask has been simulated in a near-field diffraction model. Specifications are geometry-dependent, but the baseline design for the LISA telescope has been modeled as well. The coatings are somewhat fragile, but work is continuing to enhance adhesion.
Plasma flame for mass purification of contaminated air with chemical and biological warfare agents (2006)

An elimination of airborne simulated chemical and biological warfare agents was carried out by making use of a plasma flame made of atmospheric plasma and a fuel-burning flame, which can purify the interior air of a large volume in isolated spaces such as buildings, public transportation systems, and military vehicles. The plasma flame generator consists of a microwave plasma torch connected in series to a fuel injector and a reaction chamber. For example, a reaction chamber, with the dimensions of a 22cm diameter and 30cm length, purifies an airflow rate of 5000lpm contaminated with toluene (the simulated chemical agent) and soot from a diesel engine (the simulated aerosol for biological agents). Large volumes of purification by the plasma flame will free mankind from the threat of airborne warfare agents. The plasma flame may also effectively purify air that is contaminated with volatile organic compounds, in addition to eliminating soot from diesel engines as an environmental application.
Plasmonic Gratings for Sensing Devices (2012)

In last decades surface plasmon resonance has known an increasing interest in the realization of miniaturized devices for label-free sensing applications. The research in the direction of such plasmonic sensors with innovative performance in sensitivity and resolution opened to a wide range of unexpected physical phenomena. This work is aimed at understanding and modeling the physical principles of plasmonic platforms which support the exploitation of propagating plasmon modes for sensing purposes. Surface plasmon polaritons excitation and propagation on metallic gratings have been deeply studied and fully analyzed with theoretical models, numerical simulations and optical characterizations of fabricated samples. In particular the physics underlying azimuthal rotation of these nanostructures and the polarization role in this configuration have been theoretically and experimentally examined. The rotated configurations revealed considerable benefits in sensitivity and this improvement has been demonstrated by analyzing the optical response to surface functionalization and liquid solutions flowing through an embodied microfluidic cell. The exploitation of this plasmonic phenomenon in the conical mounting led to the design and realization of a promising setup for a new class of compact and innovative grating-based sensors. The different approaches, modeling – numerical – experimental, through which the problem has been examined, provided an exhaustive investigation into the physics of grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance and its innovative and original applications for advanced sensing devices.
SU-GG-J-08: A Dedicated Image Pumping Utility for BrainLAB ExacTrac IGRT System (2008)

Purpose: To present a system that automatically pumps localization images from BrainLAB ExacTrac IGRT system to R&V system via DICOM connection to make remote image reviewing feasible. Method and Materials: A software system, iPump, was developed exclusively for ExacTrac that is currently unable to communicate with any R&V system. iPump is actually a daemon program that checks IGRT system periodically for new localization images, fuses registered DRR and x-ray images, encodes them in DICOM RT format with numerical overlay of shift values and sends them to the remote R&V system. The built-in instant messaging mechanism automatically notifies, through pager and/or computer messenger, attending radiation oncologists immediately after images were sent so as to allow on-line remote image reviewing with approval records. It can run on any computer with Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP platform that has read access to patient data directory on ExacTrac computer. Results: iPump has been extensively tested and evaluated for about 9 months in our clinic. So far 3,930 fused images have been successfully sent to IMPAC without any human intervention. The notification message can be sent instantly through Windows Messenger or through pager in merely 5 seconds. Conclusion: The technical limitation of BrainLAB ExacTrac system on the aspect DICOM RT implementation can be remedied by dedicated image pumping system without extra hardware capital investment. Our clinical experience with iPump indicates that it significantly improves the safety and efficiency of the radiation management processes as well as consolidation of the entire patient's medical record within the same location in the R&V systems. Any further data mining and analyses for research purposes are also streamlined with such data consolidation making this software utility valuable both in clinics and research settings.
Surface micromachined mechanisms and micromotors (1991)

Electric micromotors are sub-millimeter sized actuators capable of unrestrained motion in at least one degree of freedom. Polysilicon surface micromachining using heavily phosphorus-doped LPCVD polysilicon for the structural material, LPCVD silicon nitride for the electrical isolation and deposited silicon dioxide for the sacrificial material has formed the fabrication technology base for the development of these micromotors. Two polysilicon surface micromachining processes, referred to here as the center-pin and flange, have been demonstrated for the fabrication of passive mechanisms and micromotors. Passive mechanisms such as gear trains, cranks and manipulators have been implemented on silicon. Reported operational micromotors have been of the rotary variable-capacitance salient-pole and harmonic (or wobble) side-drive designs. These micromotors are capable of motive torques in the 10 pN m order of magnitude range. Preliminary progress has been made in studying the operational, friction and wear characteristics of these micromechanical devices. Typical operational voltages have been as low as 37 V and 26 V across 1.5 mu m air gap salient-pole and harmonic micromotors. These excitations correspond to electric field intensities above 10(8) Vm-1 in the micromotor air gaps. Salient-pole and wobble micromotors have been reported to operate at speeds as high as 15000 rpm and 700 rpm, respectively. Micromotor lifetimes of at least many millions of cycles over a period of several days have been reported.
A statistical upper body model for 3D static and dynamic gesture recognition from stereo sequences (2002)

This paper describes a hidden Markov model-based static and dynamic 3D gesture recognition system. The shape and position of the hands, segmented and tracked using a novel 3D statistical model for the upper body in stereo sequences, are used as observation vectors. The upper body model allows for accurate 3D localization of the hands in the presence of partial occlusions, self occlusions and different illumination conditions. The accuracy of our approach is reflected by the performance of our 3D gesture based editing system, that reaches 96% over 12 dynamic gestures and four static gestures.
Charge Control Strategy for Aircraft-Triggered Lightning Strike Risk Reduction (2018)

We propose a charge control strategy to reduce the risk of an aircraft-triggered lightning strike that exploits the asymmetry between the positive and negative ends of the bidirectional leader development, which is the first phase of an aircraft-initiated lightning event. Because positive leaders are initiated and can propagate in lower fields than negative leaders, in general, a positive leader would occur first. During propagation of the positive leader, initiation of the negative leader is favored through the removal of positive charge from the aircraft. Based on this well-accepted bidirectional leader theory, we propose hindering the initiation of the positive leader by charging the aircraft to a negative level, selected to ensure that a negative leader will not form. Although not observed so far, a negative leader could be initiated first if the field enhancement at the negative end were much greater than at the positive end. In this situation, the biasing of the aircraft should be to positive levels. More generally, we propose that the optimum level of aircraft charging is that which makes both leaders equally unlikely. We present a theoretical study of the effectiveness of the strategy for an ellipsoidal fuselage as well as the geometry of a Falcon aircraft. The practical implementation, including the necessary sensors and actuators, is also discussed.
Compromising the 19S proteasome complex protects cells from reduced flux through the proteasome (2015)

Proteasomes are central regulators of protein homeostasis in eukaryotes. Proteasome function is vulnerable to environmental insults, cellular protein imbalance and targeted pharmaceuticals. Yet, mechanisms that cells deploy to counteract inhibition of this central regulator are little understood. To find such mechanisms, we reduced flux through the proteasome to the point of toxicity with specific inhibitors and performed genome-wide screens for mutations that allowed cells to survive. Counter to expectation, reducing expression of individual subunits of the proteasome's 19S regulatory complex increased survival. Strong 19S reduction was cytotoxic but modest reduction protected cells from inhibitors. Protection was accompanied by an increased ratio of 20S to 26S proteasomes, preservation of protein degradation capacity and reduced proteotoxic stress. While compromise of 19S function can have a fitness cost under basal conditions, it provided a powerful survival advantage when proteasome function was impaired. This means of rebalancing proteostasis is conserved from yeast to humans.
A routine, automated synthesis of oxygen-15-labeled butanol for positron tomography. (1990)

The use of labeled butanol for autoradiographic and positron tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow has been well established using radiocarbon labels. The advantages of the short half-life of oxygen-15 (15O) in doing sequential flow studies are also recognized. An automated procedure has been developed for the routine rapid and sequential synthesis of 15O-labeled butanol in amounts and with purity suitable for use in positron tomography. Butanol can now replace 15O-labeled water, which is commonly used for routine applications. The 14N(d,n)15O reaction is used, with 8 MeV deuterons on a nitrogen target containing 0.2% oxygen. Labeled oxygen is reacted with tri-n-butyl-borane by passing the gas over an alumina support which holds the reagent. Washing with water through small C18-bonded phase silica cartridges eliminates labeled water and the majority of boron-containing impurities. Injectable labeled butanol is collected at 2.5 min after the end of bombardment. The yield is 6 mCi per microampere of saturated bombardment, measured at the end of synthesis. Injectable product up to 250 mCi can be obtained at 10-min intervals.
All-fiber photon-pair source for quantum communications (2002)

Abstract—In this letter, we present a source of quantum-correlated photon pairs based on parametric fluorescence in a fiber Sagnac loop. The photon pairs are generated in the 1550-nm fiber-optic communication band and detected with InGaAs–InP avalanche photodiodes operating in a gated Geiger mode. A generation rate 10 3 pairs/s is observed, which is limited by the detection electronics at present. We also demonstrate the nonclassical nature of the photon correlations in the pairs. This source, given its spectral properties and robustness, is well suited for use in fiber-optic quantum communication and cryptography networks. Index Terms—Fiber four-wave mixing, parametric amplifiers, photon counting, quantum communication, quantum cryptography. EFFICIENT generation and transmission of quantum-correlated photon pairs, especially in the 1550-nm fiber-optic
Efficient Iceberg Query Evaluation Using Compressed Bitmap Index (2011)

Decision support and knowledge discovery systems often compute aggregate values of interesting attributes by processing a huge amount of data in very large databases and/or warehouses. In particular, iceberg query is a special type of aggregation query that computes aggregate values above a user-provided threshold. Usually, only a small number of results will satisfy the threshold constraint. Yet, the results often carry very important and valuable business insights. Because of the small result set, iceberg queries offer many opportunities for deep query optimization. However, most existing iceberg query processing algorithms do not take advantage of the small-result-set property and rely heavily on the tuple-scan-based approach. This incurs intensive disk accesses and computation, resulting in long processing time especially when data size is large. Bitmap index, which builds one bitmap vector for each attribute value, is gaining popularity in both column-oriented and row-oriented databases in recent years. It occupies less space than the raw data and gives opportunities for more efficient query processing. In this paper, we exploited the property of bitmap index and developed a very effective bitmap pruning strategy for processing iceberg queries. Our index-pruning-based approach eliminates the need of scanning and processing the entire data set (table) and thus speeds up the iceberg query processing significantly. Experiments show that our approach is much more efficient than existing algorithms commonly used in row-oriented and column-oriented databases.
Regioselective C−H Xanthylation as a Platform for Polyolefin Functionalization (2018)

Abstract Polyolefins that contain polar functional groups are important materials for next‐generation lightweight engineering thermoplastics. Post‐polymerization modification is an ideal method for the incorporation of polar groups into branched polyolefins; however, it typically results in chain scission events, which have deleterious effects on polymer properties. Herein, we report a metal‐free method for radical‐mediated C−H xanthylation that results in the regioselective functionalization of branched polyolefins without coincident polymer‐chain scission. This method enables a tunable degree of polymer functionalization and capitalizes on the versatility of the xanthate functional group to unlock a wide variety of C−H transformations previously inaccessible on branched polyolefins.
Optimized video streaming over lossy networks with real-time estimation of end-to-end distortion (2003)

This paper is concerned with adaptive and robust video streaming over lossy networks. A general system is described which is compatible with virtually all application settings. The delivery procedure is optimized within a rate-distortion framework with the aid of an efficient real-time end-to-end distortion estimation algorithm. The estimate fully accounts for the effects of (prior) quantization, packet loss and error propagation, as well as error concealment. It features high accuracy and low complexity, and requires a small amount of pre-computed side information. It is shown that various error-resilient schemes can be optimized within the proposed framework. In particular, unequal error protection through forward error control is employed in the simulations to demonstrate the achievable performance gains.
Membrane-Induced p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Shifts in <i>wt</i>-pHLIP and Its L16H Variant (2018)

The pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) is a family of peptides that are able to insert into a lipid bilayer at acidic pH. The molecular mechanism of pHLIPs insertion, folding, and stability in the membrane at low pH is based on multiple protonation events, which are challenging to study at the molecular level. More specifically, the relation between the experimental p K of insertion (p K<sup>exp</sup>) of pHLIPs and the p K<sub>a</sub> of the key residues is yet to be clarified. We carried out a computational study, complemented with new experimental data, and established the influence of (de)protonation of titrable residues on the stability of the peptide membrane-inserted state. Constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations were employed to calculate the p K<sub>a</sub> values of these residues along the membrane normal. In the wt-pHLIP, we identified Asp14 as the key residue for the stability of the membrane-inserted state, and its p K<sub>a</sub> value is strongly correlated with the experimental p K<sup>exp</sup> measured in thermodynamics studies. Also, in order to narrow down the pH range at which pHLIP is stable in the membrane, we designed a new pHLIP variant, L16H, where Leu in the 16th position was replaced by a titrable His residue. Our results showed that the L16H variant undergoes two transitions. The calculated p K<sub>a</sub> and experimentally observed p K<sup>exp</sup> values are in good agreement. Two distinct p K<sup>exp</sup> values delimit a pH range where the L16H peptide is stably inserted in the membrane, while, outside this range, the membrane-inserted state is destabilized and the peptide exits from the bilayer. pHLIP peptides have been successfully used to target cancer cells for the delivery of diagnostics and therapeutic agents to acidic tumors. The fine-tuning of the stability of the pHLIP inserted state and its restriction to a narrow well-defined pH range might allow the design of new peptides, able to discriminate between tissues with different extracellular pH values.
Large-Area Graphene Single Crystals Grown by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Methane on Copper (2011)

Graphene single crystals with dimensions of up to 0.5 mm on a side were grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition in copper-foil enclosures using methane as a precursor. Low-energy electron microscopy analysis showed that the large graphene domains had a single crystallographic orientation, with an occasional domain having two orientations. Raman spectroscopy revealed the graphene single crystals to be uniform monolayers with a low D-band intensity. The electron mobility of graphene films extracted from field-effect transistor measurements was found to be higher than 4000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at room temperature.
Flexible test mode approach for 256-Mb DRAM (1997)

This paper describes a flexible test mode approach developed for a 256-Mb dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Test mode flexibility is achieved by breaking down complicated test mode control into more than one primitive test mode. The primitive test modes can be selected together through a WE CAS Before RAS (WCBR) cycle with a series of addresses for mode select. Although each primitive test mode may not complete a meaningful task alone, their combination performs many complex and powerful test modes. In this design, 64 primitive test modes are available. These can be combined to realize more than 19000 useful test modes. A new signal margin test mode is introduced which allows an accurate signal margin test even for small capacitance cells, which are difficult to identify in existing plate-bump method. A flexible multiwordline select test mode effectively performs a toggled wordline disturb test, a long t/sub RAS/ wordline disturb test, and a transfer gate stress voltage test, without causing any unnatural array disturbance. Finally, test modes, which can directly control the timing of sense amplifiers and column select lines, are discussed.
Fullerenes: non-transition metal clusters as rechargeable magnesium battery cathodes (2014)

We discovered that non-transition metal clusters have great potential as rechargeable Mg battery cathodes. Fullerene (C60), one of the prototype materials, was discharged and recharged with a remarkable rate capability. This unique rate performance is attributed to its capability to delocalize electrons on the entire cluster rather than to individual atoms.