gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Band Light Focusing Using Stacked Graphene Metasurfaces (2017)

In this article, we theoretically study the optical properties of graphene metasurfaces consisting of layered graphene ribbons and their potential applications as multifunctional optical devices in the long-wavelength infrared region. By engineering the plasmonic resonance in graphene ribbons with different widths, the phase of reflected light can be tuned over a range of nearly 2π, while the reflectivity is kept relatively high at the target frequencies. Owing to the weak light–graphene interaction in the off-resonance region, independent control of the reflected light can be achieved by stacking multiple layers of graphene ribbons. Since the interlayer coupling between the ribbons is negligible, we have developed a transmission-line-based uncoupled model as a physical interpretation of the stacked metasurface. The modeled results show excellent agreement with numerical simulations. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we have designed and demonstrated graphene metasurfaces as flat, dual-band focusing reflectors operating at 25 and 16 THz. Our work provides a general design scheme for multiband, multifunctional metasurfaces with various potential applications, including beam steering, optical communication, and information processing.
Smart V2G/G2V Charging for Grid connected-Electric Vehicles in Indian Scenario (2022)

In India, most of the vehicles which are used for transportation are fueled by fossil fuels which result in environmental pollution. To reduce pollution, the Government of India has introduced electric vehicles as an alternate. This paper presents smart charging for future Indian grid-connected electric vehicles within the demand response (DR) and regulation specified limits. However, due to few requirements in the Indian electricity market, individual EVs are required to be cumulated by EV charging service providers (CSPs). These CSPs optimizes the costs of charging the EV by scheduling them at the proper time considering electricity rates. This method optimizes the scheduling of Electric vehicles by charging only at the time of off-peak loads (Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) charging operations of EV) and giving back to the grid at time on-peak loads (Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) discharging operations of EV). The parameters like time of arrival, departure, initial state of charge (SOC) and the capacity of an Electric vehicle are taken into consideration. Residential load profile, industrial loads profile, total power from different sources like solar, hydro, and Time-of-Use (TOU) tariffs for India is considered for this study. For this Indian data case study, the effect of V2G/G2V of eighty EV profiles is presented and analyzed. An effective algorithm is also proposed and the results show the superiority of the optimized and scheduled operation of EVs by the proposed method.
Apoptosis and chemo‐resistance in colorectal cancer (2007)

Systemic chemotherapy plays an integral part in treating advanced colorectal cancer. However 50% of patients respond poorly or have disease progression due to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This article reviews the pathways that regulate apoptosis, apoptotic mechanisms through which chemotherapeutic agents mediate their effect and how deregulation of apoptotic proteins may contribute to chemo-resistance. Also discussed are potential therapeutic strategies designed to target these proteins and thereby improve response rates to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Self-aligned microbonded Ge/Si PIN waveguide photodetectors (2012)

A cost-effective process using self-aligned microbonded Ge-beams on silicon waveguides is presented. Heterojunction photodetectors featuring low dark-current of 0.7uA (-2V) and high turn-on current of 10.8 mA (+3V) are demonstrated. The operation bandwidth is 11-16GHz.
Computational Design Driven by Aesthetic Preference (2016)

Tweaking design parameters is one of the most fundamental tasks in many design domains. In this paper, we describe three computational design methods for parameter tweaking tasks in which aesthetic preference---how aesthetically preferable the design looks---is used as a criterion to be maximized. The first method estimates a preference distribution in the target parameter space using crowdsourced human computation. The estimated preference distribution is then used in a design interface to facilitate interactive design exploration. The second method also estimates a preference distribution and uses it in an interface, but the distribution is estimated using the editing history of the target user. In contrast to these two methods, the third method automatically finds the best parameter that maximizes aesthetic preference, without requiring the user of this method to manually tweak parameters. This is enabled by implementing optimization algorithms using crowdsourced human computation. We validated these methods mainly in the scenario of photo color enhancement where parameters, such as brightness and contrast, need to be tweaked.
Inclusive Culture in Compulsory Education Centers: Values, Participation and Teachers’ Perceptions (2022)

This article explores teachers' perceptions concerning educational inclusion as part of an inclusive culture. The study focuses on compulsory education from the teachers' point of view. We used three factors indicated in the "Index of Inclusion": inclusive values, degree of participation in the educational community, and the teachers' perceptions of the educational response offered to SEN students. To comply with the proposed objective, we explored nine variables to understand their influence on the attitudes of teachers and other professionals towards educational inclusion. These variables were gender, age, teaching seniority, educational stage, professional profile, type of center, geographic location of the center, years of experience and characteristics of SEN students, as well as the training received to meet the needs of all students. We found significant differences in the variables of age, educational stage, student characteristics, and training received, and recommendations are provided to address the needs detected.
Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals (2009)

The nervous system transmits signals between neurons via neurotransmitter release during synaptic vesicle fusion. In order to observe neurotransmitter uptake and release from individual presynaptic terminals directly, we designed fluorescent false neurotransmitters as substrates for the synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter. Using these probes to image dopamine release in the striatum, we made several observations pertinent to synaptic plasticity. We found that the fraction of synaptic vesicles releasing neurotransmitter per stimulus was dependent on the stimulus frequency. A kinetically distinct "reserve" synaptic vesicle population was not observed under these experimental conditions. A frequency-dependent heterogeneity of presynaptic terminals was revealed that was dependent in part on D2 dopamine receptors, indicating a mechanism for frequency-dependent coding of presynaptic selection.
Efficient organic photovoltaic tandem cells with poly (3-hexylthiophene): Fullerene active layers and transparent conductive oxide interlayer (2009)

Efficient organic photovoltaic tandem cells consist of P3HT:bis[60]PCBM and P3HT:[70]PCBM active layers and transparent conductive oxide interlayer are presented. A short circuit current and a conversion efficiency are estimated at more than 6 mA/cm2 and 5 % from optical simulation and optimization of the both active layer thicknesses. We clarify the almost same characteristics is achieved by the development of the nanoscale phase separation process of the active layers and the interlayer with the Indium. Tin Oxide (ITO) sandwiched by MoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and LiF buffer layers. This is attributed to the improvement of carrier transport property in the active layers and interlayer.
<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> among Patients Infected with and Treated for <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in the United States (2003)

The frequent presence of chlamydia among patients at STD clinics who received treatment for gonorrhea, including sex partners of gonorrhea-infected patients, supports continuing current recommendations for co-treatment.
Prediction Games and Arcing Algorithms (1999)

The theory behind the success of adaptive reweighting and combining algorithms (arcing) such as Adaboost (Freund & Schapire, 1996a, 1997) and others in reducing generalization error has not been well understood. By formulating prediction as a game where one player makes a selection from instances in the training set and the other a convex linear combination of predictors from a finite set, existing arcing algorithms are shown to be algorithms for finding good game strategies. The minimax theorem is an essential ingredient of the convergence proofs. An arcing algorithm is described that converges to the optimal strategy. A bound on the generalization error for the combined predictors in terms of their maximum error is proven that is sharper than bounds to date. Schapire, Freund, Bartlett, and Lee (1997) offered an explanation of why Adaboost works in terms of its ability to produce generally high margins. The empirical comparison of Adaboost to the optimal arching algorithm shows that their explanation is not complete.
Invariants of binary bilinear forms modulo two (2010)

In this note we examine the invariant theory of binary bilinear forms over the field ${\mathbb {F}}_2$ of two elements that arises in the classification of standardly graded PoincarÃ© duality algebras with two generators over the field ${\mathbb {F}}_2$ of two elements. We compute the corresponding ring of invariants and find separating invariants for the orbit space.
[Combined parenteral and oral immunization against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea in weaned piglets]. (1995)

Experiments were focused on diarrhea prevention in weaned piglets caused by enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) with colonizing factor 8813. An immunization procedure consisted of intramuscular application of ETEC strain bacterin a day before weaning and a peroral administration of a live culture of nontoxic E. coli strain with the same colonizing factor on the day of weaning. In an experiment on the litter of 10 piglets (six were immunized, four were controls), their intestines were colonized by the nontoxic E. coli strain for 4-7 days (Fig. 1). The challenge peroral infection by virulent ETEC strain demonstrated the protection of immunized piglets from the disease as well as from intestinal colonization by the administered ETEC strain. The same immunization procedure was tested on three pig farms with enzootic occurrence of diarrheas in weaned piglets. On these farms, besides ETEC strain with colonizing factor 8813 (F18) ETEC strains with other colonizing factors (K88, F not specified) were found out in the weanlings - Tab. I. Immunization effect was evaluated according to the rate of mortality of immunized and nonimmunized piglets within a fortnight after weaning. Out of 222 immunized piglets on S farm (Tab. II), 25 piglets died (11.3%), out of 232 nonimmunized animals it was 39 that died (16.8%). As for T farm (Tab. III), 22 piglets (8.6%) died out of 255 immunized animals while 71 out of control 274 piglets died (25.7%). A total of 3,692 were immunized on V farm (Tab. IV). Ninety-four animals died among them (2.5%). Mortality rate in the control group of 6,301 animals was 523 piglets (8.3%).
Fiber Optic Pressure Sensing Arrays for Monitoring Horizontal and Vertical Pressures Generated by Traveling Water Waves (2014)

Distributed pressure sensing arrays fabricated from fiber Bragg gratings have been demonstrated for real-time monitoring of the dynamic subsurface pressures beneath water waves in a wave tank. Two sensing arrays were used to monitor horizontal and vertical pressures in the tank as periodic wave trains passed overhead. The horizontal and vertical arrays contained 90 and 35 sensing elements, respectively, spaced at 1-cm intervals allowing highly accurate spatial resolution to be achieved in both orientations. The wave tank paddle was programmed to generate wave-trains varying from ~5 to 30-cm peak-to-trough and the pressures measured using the fiber optic array were validated using commercial piezo-electric pressure sensors and video image analysis. The length and sensor separation of the fiber optic sensing array can be varied to suit the location under test, and the fiber optic elements make the devices inherently resistant to corrosion and electromagnetic interference.
Assessment and management of auto‐erotic asphyxiation in a young man with learning disability: a multidisciplinary approach to intervention (2000)

Summary A 20‐year‐old man with a mild‐to‐moderate learning disability was presented to services with a history of engaging in auto‐erotic practices. A multidisciplinary assessment was conducted which demonstrated that the client understood the difference between appropriate and inappropriate sexual behaviour, but his ability to transfer this knowledge to real‐life situations was limited. An intervention was instigated that focused on developing a greater range of social opportunities for the client whilst simultaneously monitoring his potential to re‐engage in the dangerous sexual practices. This intervention has led to an overall decrease in the frequency and severity of the behaviour that has been maintained over time.
Ligation of a primer at a mutation: a method to detect low level mutations in DNA (2002)

Detection of low frequency mutations following exposure to mutagens or during the early stages of cancer development is instrumental for risk assessment and molecular diagnosis. We present a sensitive new method to detect trace levels of DNA mutations induced within a large excess of wild-type sequences. The method is based on mutation-induced generation of new restriction enzyme recognition sites. A DNA sequence is amplified from genomic DNA or cDNA using a high fidelity polymerase. The purified PCR product is digested with a restriction enzyme that recognizes the newly generated restriction site, partially dephosphorylated and ligated with an oligonucleotide at the position of the mutation. The ligated oligonucleotide is then utilized in two rounds of PCR to amplify the mutated DNA but not the wild-type allele that contains no restriction site. An A-->T polymorphism in mRNA (tenascin gene, A(2366)-->T, Asn-->Ile) and a G-->A polymorphism in genomic DNA (Ku gene, G(74582)-->A, Val-->Ile), both of which generate a restriction site for the enzyme SAU3A1, demonstrate the application. Eleven patient samples pre-characterized for the G(74582)-->A polymorphism in the repair gene Ku are used to demonstrate the reliability of this approach. This technique quantitatively detects the Ku G-->A polymorphism at a mutant frequency of 1.6x10(-6) relative to the wild-type allele. Mutations in p53 that are frequently induced by mutagens can readily be detected using the present method. As an example, using a second enzyme BbvI, a mutation frequently encountered in human cancers (G(14154)-->A mutation, p53 codon 245, Arg-->Gln) was detected in patient samples. The process does not require radioactivity, utilizes established procedures and overcomes several factors known to produce false positives in RFLP-based assays. The present amplification via primer ligation at the mutation (APRIL-ATM) has potential applications in the detection of mutagen-generated genetic alterations, early detection of tumor marker mutations in bodily discharges and the diagnosis of minimal residual disease.
Burkholdines 1097 and 1229, Potent Antifungal Peptides from <i>Burkholderia ambifaria</i> 2.2N (2010)

Potent antifungal cyclic lipopeptides, burkholdines (Bk), were isolated from a culture of Burkholderia ambifaria 2.2N. Bk-1229 (1) and Bk-1097 (2) are octapeptides comprised of nonproteinogenic amino acids, including beta-hydroxytyrosine, beta-hydroxyasparagine, and a new fatty acyl amino acid. 1 and 2 are fungicidal against a panel of fungi with potencies 2-60-fold better than amphotericin B control.
Edge computing embedded platform with container migration (2017)

In a world where the number of smart cities is growing exponentially, there is a myriad of IoT devices which are generating immense data, 24×7. Centralized cloud data centers responsible for handling this huge data are being rapidly replaced with distributed edge nodes which move the computation closer to the users to provide low latencies for real-time applications. The proposed enhancements capitalizes on this design and proposes an effective way to achieve fault tolerance in the system. The concept of docker container migration is used to provide a near-zero downtime system on a distributed edge cloud architecture. An intuitively simple and visually attractive dashboard design is also being presented in this paper to remotely access the edge cloud management services.
Pertuzumab and trastuzumab: the rationale way to synergy (2016)

It has now been 15 years since the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was introduced in clinical and revolutionized the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite this achievement, most patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer still show progression of their disease, highlighting the need for new therapies. The continuous interest in novel targeted agents led to the development of pertuzumab, the first in a new class of agents, the HER dimerization inhibitors. Pertuzumab is a novel recombinant humanized antibody directed against extracellular domain II of HER2 protein that is required for the heterodimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, leading to the activation of downstream signalling pathways. Pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab plus docetaxel was approved for the first-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and is currently used as a standard of care in this indication. In the neoadjuvant setting, the drug was granted FDA-accelerated approval in 2013. Pertuzumab is also being evaluated in the adjuvant setting. The potential of pertuzumab relies in the dual complete blockade of the HER2/3 axis when administered with trastuzumab. This paper synthetises preclinical and clinical data on pertuzumab and highlights the mechanisms underlying the synergistic activity of the combination pertuzumab-trastuzumab which are essentially due to their complementary mode of action.
Glucose uptake, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, and oxygen consumption in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (1990)

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was isolated from human donors with no known eye disease and normal-appearing fundi and was grown in culture. Population doubling times were measured for fifth passage RPE cells; the mean was 2.25 +/- 0.75 days and showed a correlation with the age of the donor. Metabolic studies were performed by perfusing the cells with 1-[13C]-D-glucose and monitoring the perfusate with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Glucose uptake was 10.5 +/- 3.3 nmoles/min/mg protein. Lactate production from glucose was 20.0 +/- 5.00 nmoles/min/mg protein. The percentage of glucose through the hexose monophosphate shunt was 21 +/- 2%. Oxygen (O) consumption was measured at 20.1 +/- 4.1 nmoles O/min/mg endogenous and 14.5 +/- 4.8 nmoles O/min/mg with 10 mM glucose. These cells exhibit high rates of lactate production concomitantly with high oxygen consumptions and high flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt.
The GATT-MTN System and the European Community as International Frameworks for the Regulation of Economic Activity: the Removal of Barriers to Trade in Government Procurement (1984)

The exact relationship of these MTN "side agreements" to the GATT is unclear.See
Unwinding of nucleic acids by HCV NS3 helicase is sensitive to the structure of the duplex (2020)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase, non-structural protein 3 (NS3), is proposed to aid in HCV genome replication and is considered a target for inhibition of HCV. In order to investigate the substrate requirements for nucleic acid unwinding by NS3, substrates were prepared by annealing a 30mer oligonucleotide to a 15mer. The resulting 15 bp duplex contained a single-stranded DNA overhang of 15 nt referred to as the bound strand. Other substrates were prepared in which the 15mer DNA was replaced by a strand of peptide nucleic acid (PNA). The PNA-DNA substrate was unwound by NS3, but the observed rate of strand separation was at least 25-fold slower than for the equivalent DNA-DNA substrate. Binding of NS3 to the PNA-DNA substrate was similar to the DNA-DNA substrate, due to the fact that NS3 initially binds to the single-stranded overhang, which was identical in each substrate. A PNA-RNA substrate was not unwound by NS3 under similar conditions. In contrast, morpholino-DNA and phosphorothioate-DNA substrates were utilized as efficiently by NS3 as DNA-DNA substrates. These results indicate that the PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA heteroduplexes adopt structures that are unfavorable for unwinding by NS3, suggesting that the unwinding activity of NS3 is sensitive to the structure of the duplex.
Learning to label seismic structures with deconvolution networks and weak labels (2018)

Recently, there has been increasing interest in using deep learning techniques for various seismic interpretation tasks. However, unlike shallow machine learning models, deep learning models are often far more complex and can have hundreds of millions of free parameters. This not only means that large amounts of computational resources are needed to train these models, but more critically, they require vast amounts of labeled training data as well. In this work, we show how automatically-generated weak labels can be effectively used to overcome this problem and train powerful deep learning models for labeling seismic structures in large seismic volumes. To achieve this, we automatically generate thousands of weak labels and use them to train a deconvolutional network for labeling fault, salt dome, and chaotic regions within the Netherlands F3 block. Furthermore, we show how modifying the loss function to take into account the weak training labels helps reduce false positives in the labeling results. The benefit of this work is that it enables the effective training and deployment of deep learning models to various seismic interpretation tasks without requiring any manual labeling effort. We show excellent results on the Netherlands F3 block, and show how our model outperforms other baseline models. Presentation Date: Thursday, October 18, 2018 Start Time: 8:30:00 AM Location: 204B (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
hERG K<sup>+</sup>Channels: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance (2012)

The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K(+) channel, Kv11.1, which are expressed in the heart, various brain regions, smooth muscle cells, endocrine cells, and a wide range of tumor cell lines. However, it is the role that Kv11.1 channels play in the heart that has been best characterized, for two main reasons. First, it is the gene product involved in chromosome 7-associated long QT syndrome (LQTS), an inherited disorder associated with a markedly increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Second, blockade of Kv11.1, by a wide range of prescription medications, causes drug-induced QT prolongation with an increase in risk of sudden cardiac arrest. In the first part of this review, the properties of Kv11.1 channels, including biogenesis, trafficking, gating, and pharmacology are discussed, while the second part focuses on the pathophysiology of Kv11.1 channels.