gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct brazing of ceramics for advanced heavy-duty diesels (1986)

Although monolithic ceramic materials have been widely used in the past in nonstructural applications - such as electrical insulators, crucibles, microwave windows, and pump and valve components for the chemical industry - it has been only in recent times that major efforts have been made to use ceramics in structural applications where significant tensile or multiaxial stresses are imposed over a range of temperatures. The major impetus for most of this interest over the past decade is economics; as fuel costs have increased, so has the need for increasing efficiency in a multitude of energy-conversion processes. Ceramic materials show considerable promise for use in advanced engines. The desire to increase engine efficiency and performance has led to continuing improvements in material-use temperatures. A number of automotive manufacturers are working to develop a more efficient diesel engine for cars or trucks that eliminates the need for power-consuming cooling requirements by using structural ceramics in the combustion chamber - i.e. cylinder, piston cap, and valve plate. There is also interest in ceramics as wear pads attached to such components as valve rocker arms and push rods. The use of petroleum materials could be reduced even further through use of high-temperature ceramic bearingsmore » and solid lubricants.« less
Chemotaxis in Eukaryotic Cells: A Focus on Leukocytes and <i>Dictyostelium</i> (1988)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Integration of distributed energy resources. The CERTS Microgrid Concept - eScholarship (2002)

LBNL-50829 Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions White Paper on Integration of Distributed Energy Resources The CERTS MicroGrid Concept Prepared for Transmission Reliability Program Office of Power Technologies Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U . S . Department of Energy Energy Systems Integration Program Public Interest Energy Research California Energy Commission Prepared by Robert Lasseter, Abbas A k h i l , Chris Marnay, John Stephens, Jeff Dagle, Ross Guttromson, A . Sakis Meliopoulous, Robert Yinger, and Joe Eto A p r i l 2002 The work described in this report was coordinated by the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions, and funded by the Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Power Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and by the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research Program, under Work for Others Contract No. B G 99-39.
Modeling and Validation of a High Speed Rotary PWM On/Off Valve (2009)

Efficient high-speed on/off valves are a critical technology for enabling digital control of hydraulic systems via pulse-width-modulation (PWM). High-speed valves, when used in virtually variable displacement pumps (VVDP), increase system bandwidth and reduce output pressure ripple by enabling higher PWM frequencies. Our approach to achieving high speed and large flow area with low actuation power is a unidirectional rotary valve designed specifically for PWM. In comparison to conventional valves, the rotary valve reduces valve actuation power from a cubic dependence on PWM frequency to a square dependence by eliminating motion reversals during transition. This paper presents experimental data that validates the rotary valve concept, valve design equations, and dynamic model of a rotary valve based VVDP. Our unoptimized prototype exhibits 65% efficiency at 50% displacement and 15Hz PWM frequency while the validated model projects that an optimized valve is capable of achieving 85% efficiency at 15Hz and 73% at 75Hz.
Advanced microwave photonic devices for analog optical links (2002)

We discuss advanced microwave photonic devices to be used as optical/electrical or electrical/optical power converters. Special emphasis is laid upon high-speed and high-efficiency components providing optical link gain, as well as upon multifunctional and SEED devices leading to a largely simplified link design.
Polarimetric Tornado Detection (2005)

Abstract Polarimetric radars are shown to be capable of tornado detection through the recognition of tornadic debris signatures that are characterized by the anomalously low cross-correlation coefficient ρhv and differential reflectivity ZDR. This capability is demonstrated for three significant tornadic storms that struck the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metropolitan area. The first tornadic debris signature, based on the measurements with the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s Cimarron polarimetric radar, was reported for a storm on 3 May 1999. Similar signatures were identified for two significant tornadic events during the Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE) in May 2003. The data from these storms were collected with a polarimetric prototype of the Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD). In addition to a small-scale debris signature, larger-scale polarimetric signatures that might be relevant to tornadogenesis were persistently observed in tornadic supercells. The latter signatures are likely associated with lofted light debris (leaves, grass, dust, etc.) in the inflow region and intense size sorting of hydrometeors in the presence of strong wind shear and circulation.
Generation of T-Cell Immunity to a Murine Melanoma Using MART-1–Engineered Dendritic Cells (2000)

The murine melanoma B16 expresses the murine counterpart of the human MART-1/Melan-A (MART-1) antigen, sharing a 68.6% amino acid sequence identity. In this study, mice were vaccinated with bone marrow-derived murine dendritic cells genetically modified with a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector to express the human MART-1 gene (AdVMART1). This treatment generated a protective response to a lethal tumor challenge of unmodified murine B16 melanoma cells. The response was mediated by major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for MART-1 antigen, which produced high levels of interferon-gamma when reexposed to MART-1 in vitro and lysed targets in a calcium-dependent mechanism suggestive of perforin/granzyme B lysis. MART-1 was presented by the dendritic cells used for vaccination and not by epitopes cross-presented by host antigen-presenting cells. In conclusion, dendritic cells genetically modified to express the human MART-1 antigen generate potent murine MART-1-specific protective responses to B16 melanoma.
Structural interaction of cytoskeletal components (1981)

Three-dimensional cytoskeletal organization of detergent-treated epithelial African green monkey kidney cells (BSC-1) and chick embryo fibroblasts was studied in whole-mount preparations visualized in a high voltage electron microscope. Stereo images are generated at both low and high magnification to reveal both overall cytoskeletal morphology and details of the structural continuity of different filament types. By the use of an improved extraction procedure in combination with heavy meromyosin subfragment 1 decoration of actin filaments, several new features of filament organization are revealed that suggest that the cytoskeleton is a highly interconnected structural unit. In addition to actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, a new class of filaments of 2- to 3-nm diameter and 30- to 300-nm length that do not bind heavy merymyosin is demonstrated. They form end-to-side contacts with other cytoskeletal filaments, thereby acting as linkers between various fibers, both like (e.g., actin- actin) and unlike (e.g., actin-intermediate filament, intermediate filament-microtubule). Their nature is unknown. In addition to 2- to 3-nm filaments, actin filaments are demonstrated to form end-to-side contacts with other filaments. Y-shaped actin filament "branches" are observed both in the cell periphery close to ruffles and in more central cell areas also populated by abundant intermediate filaments and microtubules. Arrowhead complexes formed by subfragment 1 decoration of actin filaments point towards the contact site. Actin filaments also form end-to-side contacts with microtubules and intermediate filaments. Careful inspection of numerous actin-microtubule contacts shows that microtubules frequently change their course at sites of contact. A variety of experimentally induced modifications of the frequency of actin-microtubule contacts can be shown to influence the course of microtubules. We conclude that bends in microtubules are imposed by structural interactions with other cytoskeletal elements. A structural and biochemical comparison of whole cells and cytoskeletons demonstrates that the former show a more inticate three-dimensional network and a more complex biochemical composition than the latter. An analysis of the time course of detergent extraction strongly suggests that the cytoskeleton forms a structural backbone with which a large number of proteins of the cytoplasmic ground substance associate in an ordered fashion to form the characteristic image of the "microtrabecular network" (J.J. Wolosewick and K.R. Porter. 1979. J. Cell Biol. 82: 114-139).
Association of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction: Implications for Screening (2013)

Our community-based investigation suggests that cardiac stress biomarkers are associated with LVH and LVSD but may have limited clinical utility as screening tools.
Simulation Models of Steam Drums Based on the Heat Transfer Equations (2010)

The aim of this paper is the description of two simulation models that have been realized in the Matlab/Simulink environment in order to study the heat transfer in the metal and insulation parts of steam drums belonging to heat recovery steam generators located in combined cycle power plants. Both simulators derive from a finite differences model based on the discretization of the Fourier’s heat conduction equation but are characterized by a different Simulink structure; their main output is the temperature and the thermo-mechanical stress distribution inside the metal of a steam drum. Owing to their short runtimes and flexibility, the two simulators can be linked with the real-time dynamic simulation model of the combined cycle power plant and can be used to evaluate\nthe plant life consumption due to transient operating conditions which determine high thermo-mechanical stresses in metal components. Then the paper reports on some simulation results concerning the models validation phase and the analysis of typical transient operating conditions of a combined cycle power plant.
Recombinant Plasmid DNA containing Xylanase and ${\beta}$-Xylosidase Gene of Bacillus sp. YA-14 (1990)

A recombinant plasmid, pYDX43, was constructed by inserting 5.7 kb EcoRI DNA fragment of pYXL22 containing -xylosidase gene into EcoRI site of pYDC21 which was carrying encoding xylanase gene. The end-product of xylan hydrolysis with crude cell extract of E. coli HB101 harboring pYDX43 was found to be xylose by TLC analysis. The productivity of xylanase with E. coli HB101 (pYDX43) was 1.3 times higher than that with Bacillus sp. YA-14, but the synthesis of -xylosidase was rather 2.5 times lower.
<title>Nanofabrication via atom optics with chromium</title> (1997)

Through the use of light forces exerted by near-resonant laser light, chromium atoms are focused as they deposit onto a substrate, forming nanometer-scale structures on the surface. The laser light is in the form of a standing wave, in which each node acts as an atom-optical `lens.'. The result is a highly accurate array of lines with a periodicity of (lambda) /2 equals 212.78 nm and full-width at half maximum as small as 38 nm. We discuss progress with this process, in particular the fabrication of a 2D array, the creation of an array with (lambda) /8 periodicity, the replication of the array in polymer material, the production of magnetic nanowires, and the reactive-ion etching of a chromium pattern on silicon to generate an array of distinct nanowires and/or nanotrenches.
Microglia – the brain’s busy bees (2013)

Recent years have seen significant changes in the way scientists view microglia and their role in health and disease. For decades, it was presumed that microglia were stationary, inactive immune cells in the brain, waiting for an immunologic insult to call them into action. In contrast, modern imaging techniques have revealed that microglia are constantly in motion, surveying their environment. Lineage tracing studies have led to the understanding that microglia are part of a larger family of cells, called tissue-resident macrophages, which arise from early yolk sac progenitors during embryogenesis and engraft nearly every organ in the body. Microglia, and all tissue-resident macrophages, rely on signaling through CD115 (the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor) for survival, primarily through the ligand, macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, it is now understood that some microglia have a specific need for another CD115 ligand, Interleukin-34, which is only shared with Langerhans cells in the skin. In contrast to classical views, recent evidence suggests that the primary functions of microglia may occur during postnatal neurodevelopment and adult homeostasis, as absence or impairment of microglia results in a pathology separate from inflammatory immune function. In summary, these advances suggest that microglia might eventually be utilized or targeted to improve disease outcomes via encouraging or enhancing their health-promoting homeostatic functions.
Glucan, Water Dikinase Activity Stimulates Breakdown of Starch Granules by Plastidial <i>β</i>-Amylases (2007)

Glucan phosphorylating enzymes are required for normal mobilization of starch in leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), but mechanisms underlying this dependency are unknown. Using two different activity assays, we aimed to identify starch degrading enzymes from Arabidopsis, whose activity is affected by glucan phosphorylation. Breakdown of granular starch by a protein fraction purified from leaf extracts increased approximately 2-fold if the granules were simultaneously phosphorylated by recombinant potato glucan, water dikinase (GWD). Using matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry several putative starch-related enzymes were identified in this fraction, among them beta-AMYLASE1 (BAM1; At3g23920) and ISOAMYLASE3 (ISA3; At4g09020). Experiments using purified recombinant enzymes showed that BAM1 activity with granules similarly increased under conditions of simultaneous starch phosphorylation. Purified recombinant potato ISA3 (StISA3) did not attack the granular starch significantly with or without glucan phosphorylation. However, starch breakdown by a mixture of BAM1 and StISA3 was 2 times higher than that by BAM1 alone and was further enhanced in the presence of GWD and ATP. Similar to BAM1, maltose release from granular starch by purified recombinant BAM3 (At4g17090), another plastid-localized beta-amylase isoform, increased 2- to 3-fold if the granules were simultaneously phosphorylated by GWD. BAM activity in turn strongly stimulated the GWD-catalyzed phosphorylation. The interdependence between the activities of GWD and BAMs offers an explanation for the severe starch excess phenotype of GWD-deficient mutants.
Synthesis and Structure of Mycolactone E Isolated from Frog Mycobacterium (2008)

The structure of mycolactone E, isolated from the frog pathogen Mycobacterium liflandii, was established via organic synthesis. Within the mycolactone family of metabolites, a structural variation has been seen only at the unsaturated fatty acid moiety thus far, and mycolactone E follows this observation. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of its unsaturated fatty acid matches that of the mycolactones from human mycobacteria, rather than the structurally more closely related mycolactone F from fish mycobacteria.
An estimation of the backdoor coupling of UWB pulses on commercial wireless USB adapters (2008)

This paper describes the performed measurements to estimate a possible backdoor coupling on commercial wireless USB adapters using the 2.4 GHz ISM band caused by UWB pulses. Different commercial adapters (Bluetooth and WLAN) have been stressed by UWB pulses in a GTEM cell by using different setups. The coupled voltage into the different USB conductors (Data+, Data- and VCC) has been measured and compared to the standard voltage levels of the USB connection. It has been shown that backdoor coupling of the UWB pulses can have wide influences on the wireless USB adapters.
A Sensitive and Specific DNA Probe for the Oyster Pathogen <i>Haplosporidium nelsoni</i> (1995)

Haplosporidium nelsoni is a pathogen of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, along the middle Atlantic coast of the U.S. Genomic DNA was extracted from H. nelsoni plasmodia and small subunit (SSU) rDNA was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. The sequence of H. nelsoni SSU rDNA was aligned with that of another haplosporidian, Minchinia teredinis, and with SSU rDNA data of C. virginica and various protists in GenBank. A 21-base oligonucleotide unique to H. nelsoni, designated MSX1347, was commercially synthesized and tested for sensitivity and specificity. In dot blot hybridizations the probe detected 100 pg of cloned H. nelsoni rDNA and the presence of H. nelsoni in 1 microgram of genomic DNA from an infected oyster. It did not hybridize with 1 microgram of genomic DNA from uninfected C. virginica or with cloned SSU rDNA of M. teredinis. The probe was further tested for specificity with in situ hybridizations on AFA-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The probe hybridized well with H. nelsoni plasmodia and immature spores, but poorly with mature spores. The probe did not hybridize with oyster tissue, with other common oyster parasites such as P. marinus or Nematopsis sp., or with the haplosporidians Haplosporidium louisiana from mud crabs (Panopeus spp.), Haplosporidium costale from C. virginica or M. teredinis from shipworms (Teredo spp.).
Immediate return to unrestricted work after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Personal experiences with 27,267 cases, local anesthesia, and mesh. (1992)

Complete safety of the patient and unblemished success without recurrence or complication may be assured after inguinal herniorrhaphy as an out-patient if uncompromising intimate attention is paid to the surgical technique in which local anesthesia, polyvinyl ester mesh, and rectus abdominis tendon transfer are used instead of coaptive techniques, and if the post-operative regimen of immediate post-operative ambulation and unrestricted activity is employed. Return to work requiring heavy lifting the same day reduces tension on the mesh, increases the strength of the incision, prevents complications and minimizes pain. The surgical procedure and the virtues of the regimen, which has been eminently successful in 27,267 personal cases, with mesh employed in 18,214 patients, are described.
Human Flourishing as a Criterion of Morality: A Critique of Perry’s Naturalism (1999)

This chapter explores and criticizes a view of the nature of practical reasoning and moral judgment that profoundly differs from, yet is easily confused with, the natural law view. Michael Perry, in his book Morality, Politics, and Law, defended the former view and is ably set forth in the book. It understands ‘human flourishing’ as a criterion of morality like the natural law view. It rejects the ‘incommensurability’ of the basic practical principles which direct choice and action toward those intelligible purposes (‘basic human goods’) that constitute the most fundamental aspects of human flourishing.
A New Aspect of Geometrical and Physical Principles Applicable to the Estimation of Textile Structures: An Ideal Model for the Plain-knitted Loop (2003)

Models of relaxed plain-knit structures proposed by previous researchers suffer from the disadvantage of being based on the arbitrary assumption of some geometrical shape for the knitted loop or subjected to the forces and couples applied to one loop by its neighbors. The work in this series of theoretical studies differs from previous studies. The classical curves that are similar to the knitted-fabric loop shape are considered as a function of an ideal model for a plain-knitted structure. The assumed function is then improved by adopting a buckled-elastic-rod theory, leading to a new equation as the ideal loop configuration. This analysis is presented for two- and three-dimensional models. These models obtain fabric dimensions. The resultant loop configuration is discussed in relation to experimental work previously done on relaxed plain-knit fabrics.
Chart Image Classification Using Multiple-Instance Learning (2007)

An important step in chart image understanding is to identify the type of the input image so that corresponding interpretation can be performed. In this paper, we model the chart image classification as a multiple-instance learning problem. A chart image is treated as a bag containing a set of instances that are graphical symbols. For both training and recognition, shape detection is performed and general shape descriptors are used to form feature vectors. For the training images, the correlation factor (CF) of each shape is calculated for each chart type. The learnt CFs are then used to estimate the type of a new input image. Comparing with traditional multiple-instance learning algorithms, we allow negative examples to be less restrictive and hence easier to provide. Using our method, both the type and the data components of the chart image can be obtained in one-pass. The experimental results show that our approach works reasonably well
Determination of the Substrate Specificity of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase TULA-2 and Identification of Syk as a TULA-2 Substrate (2010)

TULA-1 (UBASH3A/STS-2) and TULA-2 (p70/STS-1) represent a novel class of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Previous studies suggest that TULA-2 is sequence-selective toward phosphotyrosyl (Tyr(P)) peptides. In this work the substrate specificity of TULA-1 and -2 was systematically evaluated by screening a combinatorial Tyr(P) peptide library. Although TULA-1 showed no detectable activity toward any of the Tyr(P) peptides in the library, TULA-2 recognizes two distinct classes of Tyr(P) substrates. On the N-terminal side of Tyr(P), the class I substrates contain a proline at the Tyr(P)-1 position, a hydrophilic residue at the Tyr(P)-2 position, and aromatic hydrophobic residues at positions Tyr(P)-3 and beyond. The class II substrates typically contain two or more acidic residues, especially at Tyr(P)-1 to Tyr(P)-3 positions, and aromatic hydrophobic residues at other positions. At the C-terminal side of Tyr(P), TULA-2 generally prefers acidic and aromatic residues. The library screening results were confirmed by kinetic analysis of representative peptides selected from the library as well as Tyr(P) peptides derived from various Tyr(P) proteins. TULA-2 is highly active toward peptides corresponding to the Tyr(P)-323 and Tyr(P)-352 sites of Syk, and the Tyr(P)-397 site of focal adhesion kinase and has lower activity toward other Tyr(P) sites in these proteins. In glycoprotein VI-stimulated platelets, knock-out of the TULA-2 gene significantly increased the phosphorylation level of Syk at Tyr-323 and Tyr-352 sites and to a lesser degree at the Tyr-525/526 sites. These results suggest that Syk is a bona fide TULA-2 substrate in platelets.