gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Regenerable Magnesium Hydroxide Sorbents for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture at Warm Gas Temperatures (2008)

A novel sorbent consisting of Mg(OH)2 was developed for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture at 200−315 °C suitable for CO2 capture applications such as coal gasification systems. Thermodynamic analysis conducted with the FactSage software package indicated that the Mg(OH)2 sorbent system is highly favorable for CO2 capture up to 400 °C at 30 atm. MgCO3 formed during sorption decomposes to release CO2 at temperatures as low as 375 °C up to 20 atm. MgO rehydroxylation to form Mg(OH)2 is possible at temperatures up to 300 °C at 20 atm. The experimental data show that the sorbent is regenerable at 375 °C at high pressure and that steam does not affect the sorbent performance. A multicycle test conducted in a high-pressure fixed-bed flow reactor at 200 °C with 28% CO2 showed stable reactivity during the cyclic tests. The capture capacity also increased with increasing pressure. The sorbent is unique because it exhibits a high CO2 capture capacity of more than 3 mol/kg at 200 °C and also is regenerable at a low temperature of 375 °C and high pressure. High-pressure regeneration is advantageous because the CO2 compression costs required for sequestration can be reduced.
Synthesis-Based Approach toward Direct Sandwich Immunoassay for Ciguatoxin CTX3C (2003)

Ciguatoxins are the major causative toxins of ciguatera seafood poisoning. Limited availability of ciguatoxins has hampered the development of a reliable and specific immunoassay for detecting these toxins in contaminated fish. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific against both ends of ciguatoxin CTX3C were prepared by immunization of mice with protein conjugates of rationally designed synthetic haptens, 3 and 4, in place of the natural toxin. Haptenic groups that possess a surface area larger than 400 A(2) were required to produce mAbs that can bind strongly to CTX3C itself. A direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using these mAbs was established to detect CTX3C at the ppb level with no cross-reactivity against other related marine toxins, including brevetoxin A, brevetoxin B, okadaic acid, or maitotoxin.
Observation of negative differential resistance of a trench-type narrow InGaAs quantum-wire field-effect transistor on a (311)A InP substrate (2001)

A trench-type narrow InGaAs quantum-wire field-effect transistor (QWR–FET) with a cross section of 8×25 nm has been fabricated on a (311)A InP V-grooved substrate by molecular-beam epitaxy. The trench-type InGaAs QWR–FET has normal static characteristics at room temperature, and demonstrates clear negative differential resistance characteristics at 40 K with a high peak-to-valley current ratio (PVR=4.3) and a low onset voltage of 0.12 V.
Stack data management for Limited Local Memory (LLM) multi-core processors (2011)

Limited Local Memory (LLM) architectures are power-efficient, scalable memory multi-core architectures, in which cores have a scratch-pad like local memory that is software controlled. Any data transfers between the main memory and the local memory must be explicitly present as Direct Memory Access (DMA) commands in the application. Stack data management of the cores is an important problem in LLM architecture, and our previous work outlined a promising scheme for that [1]. In this paper, we improve the previous approach, and now can i) manage limitless stack data, ii) increase the applicability of stack management, and iii) perform stack management with smaller footprint on the local memory. We demonstrate these by executing benchmarks from the MiBench suite on the IBM Cell processor.
Reconfigurable Dispersion Compensation and Pulse Shaping by Optical Metasurfaces (2019)

Metasurfaces offer the ability to control optical dispersion with extreme resolution. Here, we demonstrate reconfigurable dispersion control of ultrafast laser pulses through a set of silicon metasurfaces forming a Taylor series expansion in optical phase. © 2019 The Author(s)
Parasitic capacitance cancellation in filter inductors (2004)

This paper introduces a technique for improving the high-frequency performance of filter inductors and common-mode chokes by cancelling out the effects of parasitic capacitance. This technique uses additional passive components to inject a compensation current that cancels the parasitic current, thereby improving high-frequency filtering performance. Two implementation approaches for this technique are introduced. The first implementation achieves cancellation using an additional small winding on the filter inductor and a small capacitor. This approach is effective where very high coupling of the windings can be achieved or where only moderate performance improvements are required. The second implementation utilizes a small RF transformer in parallel with the filter inductor to inject cancellation currents from the compensation capacitor. This technique requires an additional component (the transformer), but can provide a high degree of cancellation. Experimental results confirm the theory in both implementations.
Design and Synthesis of Epicocconone Analogues with Improved Fluorescence Properties (2014)

Epicocconone is a natural latent fluorophore that is widely used in biotechnology because of its large Stokes shift and lack of fluorescence in its unconjugated state. However, the low photostability and quantum yields of epicocconone have limited its wider use, and in the absence of a total synthesis, this limitation has been a long-standing problem. Here we report a general strategy for the synthesis of epicocconone analogues that relies on a 2-iodoxybenzoic acid-mediated dearomatization and on the replacement of the triene tail of the natural product by an aromatic ring. This design element is general and the synthesis is straightforward, providing ready access to libraries of polyfunctional fluorophores with long Stokes shifts based on the epicocconone core. Our structural modifications resulted in analogues with increased photostability and quantum yields compared with the natural product. Staining proteomic gels with these new analogues showed significant lowering of the detection limit and a 30% increase in the number of low-abundance proteins detected. These epiccoconone analogues will substantially improve the discovery rate of biomarker needles in the proteomic haystack.
Learning to Parse Hierarchical Lists and Outlines Using Conditional Random Fields (2004)

Handwritten notes are complex structures, which include blocks of text, drawings, and annotations. The main challenge for the newly emerging tablet computer is to provide high-level tools for editing and authoring handwritten documents using a natural interface. One frequent component of natural notes are lists and hierarchical outlines, which correspond directly to the bulleted lists and itemized structures in conventional text, editing tools. We present a system, which automatically recognizes lists and hierarchical outlines in handwritten notes, and then computes the correct structure. This inferred structure provides the foundation for new user interfaces and facilitates the importation of handwritten notes into conventional editing tools.
Generation of "backbone" free, low transgene copy plants by launching T-DNA from the Agrobacterium chromosome (2009)

Abstract In both applied and basic research, Agrobacterium -mediated transformation is commonly used to introduce genes into plants. We investigated the effect of three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains and five T-DNA origins of replication on transformation frequency, transgene copy number, and the frequency of integration of non-T-DNA portions of the T-DNA-containing vector ("backbone") into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays . Launching T-DNA from the picA locus of the Agrobacterium chromosome increases the frequency of single transgene integration events and almost eliminates the presence of vector backbone sequences in transgenic plants. Along with novel Agrobacterium strains we have developed, our findings are useful for improving the quality of T-DNA integration events.
Plasmon-enhanced LT-GaAs/AlAs heterostructure photoconductive antennas for sub-bandgap terahertz generation (2017)

Photocurrent generation in low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) has been significantly improved by growing a thin AlAs isolation layer between the LT-GaAs layer and semi-insulating (SI)-GaAs substrate. The AlAs layer allows greater arsenic incorporation into the LT-GaAs layer, prevents current diffusion into the GaAs substrate, and provides optical back-reflection that enhances below bandgap terahertz generation. Our plasmon-enhanced LT-GaAs/AlAs photoconductive antennas provide 4.5 THz bandwidth and 75 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under 50 mW of 1570 nm excitation, whereas the structure without the AlAs layer gives 3 THz bandwidth, 65 dB SNR for the same conditions.
Photoacoustic localization of small gas leaks on cylindrical surfaces (1999)

Detecting and localizing leaks in or on manufactured components that contain pressurized gases or liquids is a critical quality control process. Previous work has shown that gas leaks on a flat surface with a leak rate on the order of one cubic centimeter per day can be reliably detected and accurately localized using photoacoustic signals, four microphones, and incoherent broadband matched-field processing (MFP). However, leaks may not lie on flat surfaces. This work considers a case in which the surface where the leak resides is cylindrical. Photoacoustic sound is generated by rapidly scanning a carbon dioxide laser tuned to 10.6 micrometers (μm) over the suspected leak area. Sulfur hexafluoride, which has strong spectroscopic absorption near 10.6 μm, is the tracer gas. Localization results obtained using Bartlett MFP and minimum variance MFP are compared. The physics behind photoacoustic signal generation is discussed. Experimental results are presented. [Sponsored by Ford Motor Company.]
Decorin‐binding adhesins from <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (1998)

Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Ticks deposit B. burgdorferi into the dermis of the host, where they eventually become associated with collagen fibres. We demonstrated previously that B. burgdorferi is unable to bind collagen, but can bind the collagen-associated proteoglycan decorin and expresses decorin-binding proteins (Dbps). We have now cloned and sequenced two genes encoding the proteins, DbpA and DbpB, which have a similar structure, as revealed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of recombinant proteins. Competition experiments revealed a difference in binding specificity between DbpA and DbpB. Western blot analysis of proteinase K-treated intact B. burgdorferi and transmission electron microscopy studies using antibodies raised against recombinant Dbps demonstrated that these proteins are surface exposed. DbpA effectively inhibits the attachment of B. burgdorferi to a decorin substrate, whereas DbpB had a marginal effect, suggesting a difference in substrate specificity between the two Dbps. Polystyrene beads coated with DbpA adhered to a decorin-containing extracellular matrix produced by cultured skin fibroblasts, whereas beads coated with OspC did not. Taken together, these data suggest that Dbps are adhesins of the MSCRAMM (microbial surface component-recognizing adhesive matrix molecule) family, which mediate B. burgdorferi attachment to the extracellular matrix of the host.
Sequence-Controlled α-Methylstyrene/Styrene Copolymers: Syntheses and Sequence Distribution Resolution (2020)

The copolymerization of α-methylstyrene (MSt) and styrene (St) to form random and blocky copolymers is well-known. Strongly alternating copolymers of this type are rarely described, mainly because of difficulties linked to their characterization. Indeed, the chemical structures of St and MSt are sufficiently similar that quantitative determination of the sequence distribution is rather difficult. Here, we report a complementary pair of analytical methods based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively, to convincingly assess the structure of such copolymers. First, sequence-controlled poly(α-methylstyrene-alt-styrene) copolymers were obtained based on the single-unit addition principle, enabling unit-by-unit addition of the two monomers. The alternating character of these copolymers was then detected via carbon-13 (13C) NMR (13C NMR) and selective heteronuclear multiple bond correlation 2-dimensional NMR (SHMBC NMR) on aromatic quaternary carbons. Diad probabilities were quantified and used to calculate statistically derived quantities, reflecting the nature of the copolymer sequence distribution. In addition, HRMS and tandem mass spectrometry were performed to further confirm the alternating tendency of these copolymers, and they revealed a very narrow chemical composition distribution and fragmentation patterns specific to a primarily alternating structure.
Chromatography- and Lyophilization-Free Synthesis of a Peptide-Linker Conjugate (2013)

An optimized and scalable process to manufacture peptide–linker conjugate 1 is reported that avoids the chromatographic purification and lyophilization that are typically required for the isolation of this type of compound. An operationally simple protocol has been developed that couples the peptide to the linker in DMF followed by precipitation with MeCN. A scalable synthesis of the linker is also described which features the N-acylation of 2-azetidinone promoted by 1-propanephosphonic acid anhydride (T3P). The number of operations during the second step of the synthesis (nitrobenzene reduction to aniline) has been simplified by telescoping the aniline into the next step (reaction with diglycolic anhydride to form an acid), thus avoiding an additional isolation. Finally, two efficient activation methods for the acid have been developed by means of the corresponding pentafluorophenyl (PFP) and p-nitrophenyl (PNP) esters.
Formation Mechanisms of High-density Growth Twins in Aluminum with High Stacking-Fault Energy (2013)

Nanotwins readily form in numerous face-centered-cubic (fcc) metals with low stacking-fault energy (SFE). However, growth twins rarely form in Al due to its high SFE, ∼120–165 mJ/m2. Here, using thin inter-layers or buffer layers of a low-SFE fcc metal (Ag), we overcome the SFE barrier and successfully grow high-density coherent and incoherent twin boundaries into Al. We identify three mechanisms that induce growth twins in Al and demonstrate enhanced mechanical strength in twinned Al. This study reveals an effective means that may be generalized to control growth twin formation in fcc metals with high SFE.
Improved Weather and Seasonal Climate Forecasts from Multimodel Superensemble (1999)

A method for improving weather and climate forecast skill has been developed. It is called a superensemble, and it arose from a study of the statistical properties of a low-order spectral model. Multiple regression was used to determine coefficients from multimodel forecasts and observations. The coefficients were then used in the superensemble technique. The superensemble was shown to outperform all model forecasts for multiseasonal, medium-range weather and hurricane forecasts. In addition, the superensemble was shown to have higher skill than forecasts based solely on ensemble averaging.
Crystalline Oligo(ethylene sulfide) Domains Define Highly Stable Supramolecular Block Copolymer Assemblies (2015)

With proper control over copolymer design and solvation conditions, self-assembled materials display impressive morphological variety that encompasses nanoscale colloids as well as bulk three-dimensional architectures. Here we take advantage of both hydrophobicity and crystallinity to mediate supramolecular self-assembly of spherical micellar, linear fibrillar, or hydrogel structures by a family of highly asymmetric poly(ethylene glycol)-b-oligo(ethylene sulfide) (PEG-OES) copolymers. Assembly structural polymorphism was achieved with modification of PEG-OES topology (linear versus multiarm) and with precise, monomer-by-monomer control of OES length. Notably, all three morphologies were accessed utilizing OES oligomers with degrees of polymerization as short as three. These exceptionally small assembly forming blocks represent the first application of ethylene sulfide oligomers in supramolecular materials. While the assemblies demonstrated robust aqueous stability over time, oxidation by hydrogen peroxide progressively converted ethylene sulfide residues to increasingly hydrophilic and amorphous sulfoxides and sulfones, causing morphological changes and permanent disassembly. We utilized complementary microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to confirm this chemical stimulus-responsive behavior in self-assembled PEG-OES colloidal dispersions and physical gels. In addition to inherent stimulus-responsive behavior, fibrillar assemblies demonstrated biologically relevant molecular delivery, as confirmed by the dose-dependent activation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following fibril-mediated delivery of the immunological adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A. In physical gels composed of either linear or multiarm PEG-OES precursors, rheologic analysis also identified mechanical stimulus-responsive shear thinning behavior. Thanks to the facile preparation, user-defined morphology, aqueous stability, carrier functionality, and stimuli-responsive behaviors of PEG-OES supramolecular assemblies, our findings support a future role for these materials as injectable or implantable biomaterials.
Optical time-division multiplexing for very high bit-rate transmission (1988)

Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) extends and expands the well-known techniques of electrical time-division multiplexing into the optical domain. In OTDM, optical data streams are constructed by time-multiplexing a number of lower-bit-rate optical streams. Opportunities for very high-speed transmission and switching are created by removing limitations set by the restricted bandwidth of electronics and by capitalizing on the inherent high-speed characteristics of optical devices. An overview of recent work in optical time-division multiplexing and demultiplexing is presented. Design considerations affecting system architecture are described. Emphasis on the factors that limit system performance, such as crosstalk between multiplexed channels. Examples of very high bit-rate optical time-division multiplexed system experiments using short pulses from mode-locked semiconductor lasers and high-speed Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide switch/modulators are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-voltage thick layer SOI technology for PDP scan driver IC (2011)

Based on 11-μm-thick silicon layer and 1-μm-thick buried oxide layer, a novel high-voltage thick layer SOI technology has been developed for driving plasma display panels (PDP). HV pLDMOS, nLDMOS, nLIGBT and LV CMOS are compatible with deep trench isolation. The length T, Y for HV pLDMOS and TD for HV nLDMOS are optimized to reduce the device size and satisfy the off-state breakdown voltage simultaneously. Interdigitated N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> &P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> and a deep P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> are adopted in the source region of HV nLDMOS and cathode region of HV nLIGBT to suppress parasitic NPN action and gain better on-state characteristics. A PDP scan driver IC using the developed high-voltage thick layer SOI technology shows that the rise and fall times of the output stages are about 17.6 ns and 16.6 ns respectively.
Perspective correct occlusion‐capable augmented reality displays using cloaking optics constraints (2017)

Abstract Perspective‐correct occlusion‐capable augmented reality displays are generalized using an optical cloak constraint for ray transfer analysis or simulations; any ray entering the optical system exits at the height and angle as if it passed through empty space. We analyze several systems with two‐lens, three‐lens, and four‐lens looped groups in inline, folded, and looped configurations. We design and demonstrate a four‐lens folded optical cloak and a three‐lens inverted cloak with an erecting prism.
SSCT: A Simple Sequential Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Cognitive Radio (2009)

Cognitive radio that supports a secondary and opportunistic access to licensed spectrum shows great potential to dramatically improve spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing performed by secondary users to detect unoccupied spectrum bands, is a key enabling technique for cognitive radio. This paper proposes a truncated sequential spectrum sensing scheme, namely the sequential shifted chi-square test (SSCT). The SSCT has a simple test statistic and does not rely on any deterministic knowledge about primary signals. As figures of merit, the exact false-alarm probability is derived, and the miss-detection probability as well as the average sample number (ASN) are evaluated by using a numerical integration algorithm. Corroborating numerical examples show that, in comparison with fixed-sample size detection schemes such as energy detection, the SSCT delivers considerable reduction on the ASN while maintaining a comparable detection performance.
Limited Feedback Design for Interference Alignment on MIMO Interference Networks With Heterogeneous Path Loss and Spatial Correlations (2013)

Interference alignment is degree of freedom optimal on -user MIMO interference channels and many previous works have studied the transceiver designs. However, these works predominantly focus on networks with perfect channel state information at the transmitters and symmetrical interference topology. In this paper, we consider a limited feedback system with heterogeneous path loss and spatial correlations and investigate how the dynamics of the interference topology can be exploited to improve the feedback efficiency. We propose a novel spatial codebook design and perform dynamic quantization via bit allocations to adapt to the asymmetry of the interference topology. We bound the system throughput under the proposed dynamic scheme in terms of the transmit SNR, feedback bits, and the interference topology parameters. It is shown that when the number of feedback bits scales with SNR as C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ·log SNR +O(1), the sum degrees of freedom of the network are preserved. Moreover, the value of scaling coefficient C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> can be significantly reduced in networks with asymmetric interference topology.