gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Showing Users the Way: Signs in Virtual Worlds (2008)

In this paper, we report the results of a pilot study designed to evaluate the impact of signs as navigation aids in virtual worlds. Test subjects were divided into three groups (no aid, a dynamic electronic map, and signs) and asked to search a virtual building four times for six differently colored spheres. The spheres were in the same locations each time, and subjects were allowed to locate them in any order. A statistical analysis of the data revealed that on the first and second trials subjects took nearly four times as long to find the spheres with no aid present, compared to with maps and signs. We then compared only the sign and map conditions. Overall, subjects who navigated the world with the aid of signs were significantly faster than those who were provided with a map. While more research into the use of signs in virtual worlds is necessary, these results indicate that for at least some environments subjects are able to locate targets more quickly when using signs than maps.
Cloning of a Novel Gene Encoding β-1,3-Xylosidase from a Marine Bacterium, <i>Vibrio</i> sp. Strain XY-214, and Characterization of the Gene Product (2007)

The beta-1,3-xylosidase gene (xloA) of Vibrio sp. strain XY-214 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The xloA gene consisted of a 1,608-bp nucleotide sequence encoding a protein of 535 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 60,835. The recombinant beta-1,3-xylosidase hydrolyzed beta-1,3-xylooligosaccharides to D-xylose as a final product.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Mycalamide A (2006)

A convergent total synthesis of (+)-mycalamide A is described. A Yb(OTf)3-TMSCl catalytic system is used to synthesize a trioxadecalin ring system, which contains the right segment of mycalamide A. In addition, a tetrahydropyran ring, which is the left segment, is constructed with use of a novel one-pot delta-lactonization protocol. Both segments are prepared from a common starting material, d-mannitol. These segments are then coupled and the functional groups are transformed to synthesize (+)-mycalamide A.
Observation of deforming and fracturing processes of paper by using infrared thermography. (1992)

Thermography has been found to be useful for detecting the local variations in temperature of paper sheet and the thermal energy transfer in paper under strain. The changes in temperature images during the course of tensile straining could describe the local deforming and fracturing processes of paper. In the plastic deformation region, paper deformed homogeneously in macro-scale but heterogeneously in micro-scale. Stress concentration on the tip of notch began at the midway of plastic deformation of the notched paper sheet, while low level stress was distributed throughout the whole paper sheet.
An Online Learning Approach to Model Predictive Control (2019)

Model predictive control (MPC) is a powerful technique for solving dynamic control tasks. In this paper, we show that there exists a close connection between MPC and online learning, an abstract theoretical framework for analyzing online decision making in the optimization literature. This new perspective provides a foundation for leveraging powerful online learning algorithms to design MPC algorithms. Specifically, we propose a new algorithm based on dynamic mirror descent (DMD), an online learning algorithm that is designed for nonstationary setups. Our algorithm, Dynamic Mirror Descent Model Predictive Control (DMD-MPC), represents a general family of MPC algorithms that includes many existing techniques as special instances. DMD-MPC also provides a fresh perspective on previous heuristics used in MPC and suggests a principled way to design new MPC algorithms. In the experimental section of this paper, we demonstrate the flexibility of DMD-MPC, presenting a set of new MPC algorithms on a simple simulated cartpole and a simulated and real-world aggressive driving task. A video of the real-world experiment can be found at https://youtu.be/vZST3v0_S9w.
Composition of Object-Oriented Software Design Models (2001)

In practice, object-oriented design models have been less useful throughout the lifetime of software systems than they should be Design models are often large and monolithic, and the structure of designs is generally quite different from that of requirements. As a result, developers tend to discard the design, especially as the system evolves, since it is too difficult to keep its relationship to requirements and code accurate, especially when both are changing. This thesis identifies a number of key, well-defined problems with current object-oriented design methods and proposes new techniques to solve them.\n\nThe new techniques present a different approach to designing systems, based on flexible decomposition and composition. The existing decomposition mechanisms of object-oriented designs (based on class, object, interface and method) are extended to include decomposing designs in a manner directly aligning design with requirements specifications. Composition mechanisms for designs are extended to support the additional decomposition mechanisms. The approach closely aligns designs with both requirements specifications and with code. It is illustrated how this approach permits the benefits of designs to be maintained throughout a systemâ s lifetime.
More cover comments (2003)

Los Angeles, Calif. The comments appearing in this column are excerpted from readers' correspondence. Send your letter, complete mailing address, and credentials to: Letters Editor, Nursing2003, 1111 Bethlehem Pike, P.O. Box 908, Springhouse, PA 19477 or e-mail to [email protected]. Please include your daytime telephone number.
Localization and seasonal variation of blue pigment (sandercyanin) in walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) (2014)

Several fish species, including the walleye (Sander vitreus), have “yellow” and “blue” color morphs. In S. vitreus, one source of the blue color has been identified as a bili-binding protein pigment (sandercyanin), found in surface mucus of the fish. Little is known about the production of the pigment or about its functions. We examined the anatomical localization and seasonal variation of sandercyanin in S. vitreus from a population in McKim Lake, northwestern Ontario, Canada. Skin sections were collected from 20 fish and examined histologically. Mucus was collected from 306 fish over 6 years, and the amount of sandercyanin was quantified spectrophotometrically. Sandercyanin was found solely on dorsal surfaces of the fish and was localized to novel cells in the epidermis, similar in appearance to secretory sacciform cells. Sandercyanin concentrations were significantly higher in fish collected in summer versus other seasons. Yellow and blue morphs did not differ in amounts of sandercyanin, suggesting that the observed blue color, in fact, arises from lack of yellow pigmentation in blue morphs. The function of the sandercyanin remains unclear, but roles in photoprotection and countershading are consistent with available data.
Finite-horizon controllability and reachability for deterministic and stochastic linear control systems with convex constraints (2014)

This paper presents a method for rapidly generating controllability and reachability sets for constrained finite horizon Linear Time Varying (LTV) control systems by using convex optimization techniques. Set generation is accomplished by first solving a Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problem and then solving a series of Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) problems. Recent advances in convex optimization solvers have made it possible to find the solutions to these problems very quickly. From a geometric stand-point, we first find the largest volume symmetric simplex that fits within the constrained control problem, then grow new simplices out of the faces of the original simplex. This process is repeated until the growing polytope converges to the constraint boundaries of the actual set. Additionally, a method for incorporating stochastic constraints and uncertainties into the deterministic framework is developed by posing the stochastic constraints as chance-constrained constraints. Finally, the controllability set for a two-vehicle Low Earth Orbit (LEO) rendezvous problem with stochastic uncertainties is generated using the new algorithm.
The integration of two control systems (2002)

During the past year the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) has installed a new machine control system, based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). The migration from CEBAF's old control system, Thaumaturgic Automated Control Logic (TACL), had to be done concurrently with commissioning of the CEBAF accelerator. The smooth transition to EPICS was made possible by the similarity of the control systems' topological design and network communication protocol. Both systems have operator display computer nodes which are decoupled from the data acquisition and control nodes. The communication between display and control nodes of both control systems is based on making named requests for data, with data being passed on change of value. Due to TACL's use of a central communications process, it was possible to integrate both control systems' network communications in that process. This in turn meant that CEBAF did not require changes to any other software in order to support network communication between TACL and EPICS. CEBAF implemented the machine's control under EPICS in an evolutionary, controlled manner.
Four-shaped 2×2 multi-standard compact multiple-input–multiple-output antenna system for long-term evolution mobile handsets (2012)

The use of multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems will be required by next generation wireless systems to achieve their high throughput data transmissions. In this work, the authors present the design and fabrication of a 2 × 2 MIMO antenna system for the 700 MHz band of the long-term evolution (LTE) wireless standard. The MIMO antenna system is based on a novel 4-shaped antenna geometry that is compact in size and covers two bands of operation. The dual-band 2 × 2 MIMO antenna system covers the 734–790 MHz and the 2307–2475 MHz LTE and industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands. It occupies an FR-4 material substrate size of 58×110×1.56 mm3. The antenna has frequency tuning capabilities without changing the over all size of the MIMO system substrate. Several isolation enhancements methods were investigated, and the values of the correlation coefficient (|ρ|max) were within the LTE requirements. The maximum obtained gain for a single operating antenna at 770 and 2380 MHz was −5 and 4.5 dBi, respectively.
A Reconfigurable CAM Architecture for Network Search Engines (2006)

A novel reconfigurable content addressable memory, called RCAM, is proposed that supports on-the-fly reconfiguration between CAM and TCAM. The area overhead of the proposed RCAM cell is only 5.6% when compared to conventional TCAM. This overhead is compensated by area saving due to removal of the priority encoder. Other features of our architecture include reconfigurability, and better overall performance and power. To achieve these we incorporated two novel techniques: (i) a hybrid CAM/TCAM architecture that allows user to pre-define CAM/TCAM cell behavior in each bit or word position and ultimately curtail the overall power consumptions of memory unit: and (ii) a wired-AND technique by which we can completely eliminate the sorting requirement and thus significantly reduce the update time. A 4 Kb RCAM architecture was implemented using 0.18 mum CMOS technology. The simulations indicate a search time of 6.15 ns, i.e. capability of handling about five OC-192 at wire speed.
Matching Techniques for Miniaturized UHF RFID Loop Antennas (2009)

Two types of matching techniques are proposed for the UHF RFID antennas in Korea. One is to create dual-resonance mode inside loop antenna, and the other is to use folded dipole loop antenna with capacitive loading. The measured maximum gains are -2.9 and 1.8 dBi, respectively. In both cases, the measured bandwidths are 6 and 8 MHz. The proposed antenna has achieved 80% size reduction compared with a one-wavelength long loop antenna.
A Performance Study of Deployment Factors in Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

We present a measurement-parameterized performance study of deployment factors in wireless mesh networks using three performance metrics: client coverage area, backhaul tier connectivity, and fair mesh capacity. For each metric, we identify and study topology factors and architectural features which strongly influence mesh performance via an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations capturing realistic physical layer behavior. Our findings include: (i) A random topology is unsuitable for a large-scale mesh deployment due to doubled node density requirements, yet a moderate level of perturbations from ideal grid placement has a minor impact on performance. (ii) Multiple backhaul radios per mesh node is a cost-effective deployment strategy as it leads to mesh deployments costing 50% less than with a single-radio architecture, (iii) Dividing access and backhaul connections onto two separate radios does not use the second radio efficiently as it only improves fair mesh capacity 40% to 80% for most users. This is in contrast to using the second radio to move half the user population to a new network operated on the second radio. This work adds to the understanding of mesh deployment factors and their general impact on performance, providing further insight into practical mesh deployments.
Leveraging Data Deduplication to Improve the Performance of Primary Storage Systems in the Cloud (2015)

With the explosive growth in data volume, the I/O bottleneck has become an increasingly daunting challenge for big data analytics in the Cloud. Recent studies have shown that moderate to high data redundancy clearly exists in primary storage systems in the Cloud. Our experimental studies reveal that data redundancy exhibits a much higher level of intensity on the I/O path than that on disks due to relatively high temporal access locality associated with small I/O requests to redundant data. Moreover, directly applying data deduplication to primary storage systems in the Cloud will likely cause space contention in memory and data fragmentation on disks. Based on these observations, we propose a performance-oriented I/O deduplication, called POD, rather than a capacity-oriented I/O deduplication, exemplified by iDedup, to improve the I/O performance of primary storage systems in the Cloud without sacrificing capacity savings of the latter. POD takes a two-pronged approach to improving the performance of primary storage systems and minimizing performance overhead of deduplication, namely, a request-based selective deduplication technique, called Select-Dedupe, to alleviate the data fragmentation and an adaptive memory management scheme, called iCache, to ease the memory contention between the bursty read traffic and the bursty write traffic. We have implemented a prototype of POD as a module in the Linux operating system. The experiments conducted on our lightweight prototype implementation of POD show that POD significantly outperforms iDedup in the I/O performance measure by up to 87.9 percent with an average of 58.8 percent. Moreover, our evaluation results also show that POD achieves comparable or better capacity savings than iDedup.
High-temperature magmatic fluid exsolved from magma at the Duobuza porphyry copper-gold deposit, Northern Tibet (2011)

The Duobuza porphyry copper–gold deposit (proven Cu resources of 2.7 Mt, 0.94% Cu and 13 t gold, 0.21 g t−1 Au) is located at the northern margin of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone separating the Qiangtang and Lhasa Terranes. The major ore-bearing porphyry consists of granodiorite. The alteration zone extends from silicification and potassic alteration close to the porphyry stock to moderate argillic alteration and propylitization further out. Phyllic alteration is not well developed. Sericite-quartz veins only occur locally. High-temperature, high-salinity fluid inclusions were observed in quartz phenocrysts and various quartz veins. These fluid inclusions are characterized by sylvite dissolution between 180 and 360°C and halite dissolution between 240 and 540°C, followed by homogenization through vapor disappearance between 620 and 960°C. Daughter minerals were identified by SEM as chalcopyrite, halite, sylvite, rutile, K–feldspar, and Fe–Mn-chloride. They indicate that the fluid is rich in ore-forming elements and of high oxidation state. The fluid belongs to a complex hydrothermal system containing H2O – NaCl – KCl ± FeCl2 ± CaCl2 ± MnCl2. With decreasing homogenization temperature, the fluid salinity tends to increase from 34 to 82 wt% NaCl equiv., possibly suggesting a pressure or Cl/H2O increase in the original magma. No coexisting vapor-rich fluid inclusions with similar homogenization temperatures were found, so the brines are interpreted to have formed by direct exsolution from magma rather than trough boiling off of a low-salinity vapor. Estimated minimum pressure of 160 MPa imply approximately 7-km depth. This indicates that the deposit represents an orthomagmatic end member of the porphyry copper deposit continuum. Two key factors are proposed for the fluid evolution responsible for the large size of the gold-rich porphyry copper deposit of Duobuza: (i) ore-forming fluids separated early from the magma, and (ii) the hydrothermal fluid system was of magmatic origin and highly oxidized.
Lesion insertion in the projection domain: Methods and initial results (2015)

A framework has been developed for projection-domain insertion of lesions into commercial CT images, which can be potentially expanded to all geometries of CT scanners. Compared to conventional image-domain methods, the authors' method reflected the impact of scan and reconstruction parameters on lesion appearance. Compared to prior projection-domain methods, the authors' method has the potential to achieve higher anatomical complexity by employing clinical patient projections and real patient lesions.
Design of unsymmetrical azo initiators to increase radical generation efficiency in low-density lipoproteins (2000)

Lipid peroxidation studies often employ the use of azo initiators to produce a slow, steady source of free radicals, but the lack of initiators capable of efficiently generating radicals in lipid regions has created persistent problems in these investigations. For example, experiments with symmetrical lipophilic or symmetical hydrophilic azo initiators increasingly suggest that their initiation mechanisms in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) rely upon the presence of alpha-tocopherol to mediate peroxidation. We report here the synthesis and study of the new unsymmetrical azo compounds SA-1, SA-2, C-16, C-12, and C-8 that decompose over a range of convenient temperatures and improve radical generation efficiency and access to lipid compartments. The half-life for decomposition (tau(1/2)) of the unsymmetrical initiators at 37 degrees C in methanol covered a range of 121 hours for SA-1, 77 hours for SA-2, and approximately 25 hours for the series C-16, C-12, and C-8. Agarose gel electrophoresis of LDL incubated with these unsymmetrical initiators supports the conclusion that the initiators associate with lipoprotein without disrupting integrity of the particle. The unsymmetical initiator C-8 when compared to symmetical hydrophilic initiator C-0 is capable of providing increased peroxidation of LDL, as monitored by formation of cholesteryl linoleate oxidation products and consumption of alpha-tocopherol. Efficiency of radical generation in lipophilic and hydrophilic compartments was found to be represented with the use of the radical scavenger combination alpha-tocopherol and uric acid, but not with the use of N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and uric acid. These unsymmetrical initiators, when compared to the widely used symmetrical azo initiators, provide an advantage of free radical production, lipophilic access, and constant radical generation in the investigation of lipid peroxidation in low-density lipoproteins.
Update of the Pompe disease mutation database with 107 sequence variants and a format for severity rating (2008)

Pompe disease was named after the Dutch pathologist Dr JC Pompe who reported about a deceased infant with idiopathic hypertrophy of the heart. The clinical findings were failure to thrive, generalized muscle weakness and cardio-respiratory failure. The key pathologic finding was massive storage of glycogen in heart, skeletal muscle and many other tissues. The disease was classified as glycogen storage disease type II and decades later shown to be a lysosomal disorder caused by acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. The clinical spectrum of Pompe disease appeared much broader than originally recognized. Adults with the same enzyme deficiency, alternatively named acid maltase deficiency, were reported to have slowly progressive skeletal muscle weakness and respiratory problems, but no cardiac involvement. The clinical heterogeneity is largely explained by the kind and severity of mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase gene (GAA), but secondary factors, as yet unknown, have a substantial impact. The Pompe disease mutation database aims to list all GAA sequence variations and describe their effect. This update with 107 sequence variations (95 being novel) brings the number of published variations to 289, the number of non-pathogenic mutations to 67 and the number of proven pathogenic mutations to 197. Further, this article introduces a tool to rate the various mutations by severity, which will improve understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation and facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis in Pompe disease.
Lung cancer classification: The relationship of disease extent and cell type to survival in a clinical trials population (1987)

The staging and histologic cell type of patients in the Lung Cancer Study Group (LCSG) clinical trials program are reviewed and confirmed or resolved at the reference center for anatomic and pathologic classification of lung cancer. A high level of consistency in classification has been achieved through the use of criteria that minimize intraobserver variability. The data obtained from the review project have been used to characterize the relationship of disease extent and cell type to survival in the clinical trials population. Survival characteristics were generated for 1,121 patients who underwent apparent complete resection of nonsmall cell lung cancer and were subsequently entered into various protocols to receive either adjuvant treatment or no further therapy. The end results study provides some insight regarding the biological behavior of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in terms of the anatomic extent of disease at the time of apparent complete resection. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma had an outcome superior to that of patients with adenocarcinoma in every TNM subset. The differences in survival according to these major cell types were significant overall and in the T1 N0, T1 N1, and T2 N1 subsets but not in the TNM subsets in stage III disease. Histologic cell type and extent of disease are important factors in survival expectations; thus the accuracy and reproducibility of these classifications plays a significant role in the evaluation of differing modalities of treatment.
On the use of the Time Reversal of Electromagnetic fields to locate lightning discharges (2012)

In this paper, we discuss the use of the Electromagnetic Time Reversal (EMTR) method to locate lightning discharges. The main problem of EMTR is that losses are not invariant under time reversal. In this paper, we propose 3 different models of back-propagation to fix this problem. Simulations are made to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. It is shown that by assuming a lossless back-propagation model, the resulting location errors are in the order of some hundreds of meters. It is also shown that a theoretically exact estimate can be obtained considering a back-propagation over a fictitious `inverted-loss' ground.