gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Demonstration of Acetone Pretreatment and Composting of Particulate-TNT-Contaminated Soil (2002)

Abstract Solid fragments of explosives in soil are common in explosives testing and training areas. In this study we initially sieved the upper 6 in of contaminated soil through a 3-mm mesh, and found 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) fragments. These contributed to an estimated concentration of 1.7 kg per cubic yard soil, or for 2000 ppm TNT in the soil. Most of the fragments ranged 4 mm to 10 mm diameter in size, but explosives particles weighing up to 56 g (about 4 cm diameter) were frequently observed. An acetone pretreatment/composting system was then demonstrated at field scale. The amount of acetone required for a TNT-dissolving slurry process was controlled by the viscosity of the soil/acetone mix rather than the TNT dissolution rate. The amount needed was estimated at about 55 gallons acetone per cubic yard soil. Smaller, 5- to 10-mm-diameter fragments went into solution in less than 15 min at a mixer speed of 36 rpm, with a minimum of 2 g TNT going into solution per 30 min for the larger chunks. The slurries were then mixed with compost starting materials and composted in a vented 1 yd3 container. After 34 days incubation time TNT was below the site-specific regulatory threshold of 44 ppm. TNT metabolites and acetone were also below their regulatory thresholds established for the site.
A major binding protein for leukemia inhibitory factor in normal mouse serum: identification as a soluble form of the cellular receptor. (1992)

A protein that specifically binds leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has been isolated from normal mouse serum by using four successive fractionation steps: chromatography on a LIF affinity matrix, anion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and preparative native gel electrophoresis. The purified LIF-binding protein (LBP) is a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 90 kDa that specifically binds 125I-labeled murine LIF with an affinity comparable to that of the low-affinity cellular LIF receptor (Kd = 600 pM). N-terminal sequencing has identified this protein as a soluble truncated form of the alpha chain of the cellular LIF receptor. LBP is present in normal mouse serum at high levels (1 microgram/ml) and these levels are elevated in pregnant mice and reduced in neonatal mice. Since normal serum concentrations of LBP can block the biological actions of LIF in culture, LBP may serve as an inhibitor of the systemic effects of locally produced LIF.
A similarity-based agent for internet searching (1997)

This paper describes the development of a new Internet Information Agent (IIA) that uses similarity-based methods to search the Internet. The Agent works by analysing a sample of the type of text that is known to be of interest to the user. It then extracts a number of linguistic features and stores these as a feature vector that is used to describe the content of the document. This data is then used as input to a range of similarity metrics that allow the agent to compare new texts with the original and thereby acquire &quot;more of the same&quot;.
Spectrum Trading between Virtual Optical Networks Embedded in an Elastic Optical Network (2019)

We propose a spectrum trading (ST) scheme to trade spectra between virtual optical networks embedded in an elastic optical network (EON) for efficient spectrum utilization and better client quality of service. An integer linear programming (ILP) model and a heuristic algorithm are developed. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
A Hybrid Field Model for Enhanced Magnetic Localization and Position Control (2014)

Most current magnetic localization and orientation systems use single magnetic dipole (MD) models to calculate magnetic field, which, due to the fundamental limitation of the dipole, becomes inaccurate near the source as the MD model is unable to compensate for geometry and physical imperfections. The novel approach undertaken here retains the parametric nature of the MD to model fields far from the source and simultaneously harnesses artificial neural networks (ANNs) to characterize the magnetic field close to the source with high accuracy. This hybrid ANN-MD (HAM) model segregates the space around the magnet along magnetic equipotential lines via the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and a sigmoid function provides a smooth transition between the two regions. The HAM model was evaluated with experimental field data, and it yielded better performance than the other models. More specifically, for a solid axisymmetric permanent magnet, the HAM modeling error (RMSE) was on average over one order of magnitude smaller than that of the dipole-based model and two times smaller compared to the ANN-only model. Using model-based localization, tracking results from following a predetermined conical-helix path were promising, with an average error of 0.46 mm from only three sensor inputs. The HAM model was also tested in the closed-loop position control of a linear actuator, which was commanded to follow a sinusoid signal, and the root mean square error was 0.385 mm.
Polymer Solar Cells: Recent Approaches and Achievements (2009)

Polymersolar cells have gained wide interest in the past few years for their potential in the field of large-area and low-cost photovoltaic devices. Thanks to rather simple treatments developed in the new millennium, the morphology of polymer solar cells has been optimized at the nanoscale level, leading to high efficient charge-carrier photogeneration and collection. Power conversion efficiency up to 6% and 6.5% have been reported in the literature for solution-processed polymer solar cells in single-junction and tandem configuration, respectively, and a record efficiency of 6.77% has been recently announced. After an introduction into the operational principles and device structure of polymer solar cells, this paper provides an overview of the last-years research activity. In particular, the different treatments successfully performed on polymer active layers, and their beneficial effects on the overall device efficiency are discussed. Subsequently, some significant examples of photoactive materials will be examined, outlining the foremost structure−properties relationships. Some directions for further enhancement of the performance of polymer solar cells will be also introduced, mainly through the fine-tuning of the electronic properties of the active materials.
Entity Disambiguation in Natural Language Text Requirements (2013)

We consider the problem of terminological ambiguity in requirement specifications arising from term-aliasing, wherein multiple terms may be referring to the same entity in a corpus of natural language text requirements. We consider the case of syntactic as well as semantic aliasing. Syntactic alias identification involves automated generation of patterns for identifying syntactic variances of terms including abbreviations and introduced-aliases. Semantic alias identification includes extracting multi-dimensional features (linguistic, statistical, and locational) from given requirement text to estimate semantic relatedness between terms. Based upon the estimated relatedness and standard language database based refinement, clusters of potential semantic aliases are generated. Results of these analyses with user refinement should lead to generation of entity-term alias glossary and unification of term usage across requirements. We present experimental results assessing the effectiveness of the presented approach using a prototype tool for an automated analysis of term-aliasing in the requirements given as plain English language text.
All-digital ring–wedge detector applied to image quality assessment (2000)

In the automatic assessment of image quality we obtained a high accuracy in the classification of image degradations in a manner that is widely independent of scene content. Using an all-digital ring-wedge detector system combined with neural-network software, we conducted several experiments in which the end goal is to classify images according to numerical quality scales. Experiments are presented to stress the importance of both local and global image quality assessment. Two databases of degraded images were prepared. One uses five levels of Gaussian blur to simulate depth of field. The other was prepared with lossy compression and recovery with artifacts generated by a JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) compression algorithm. In quantitative terms our best sorting of Gaussian blur without knowledge of the original scene was to an accuracy of 96%. For degradation using JPEG we obtained an accuracy of 95% without knowledge of the original and 98% when the original scene is available as a reference.
Isolation of inhibin from ovine follicular fluid (1987)

Two forms of inhibin with molecular weights of 65,000 and 30,000 (65 and 30 kD) were isolated from ovine follicular fluid using a combination of gel permeation chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 65 kD form was partially purified approximately 315-fold whilst the 30 kD form was isolated as two isoforms (29 and 30 kD) of similar biological activity and in greater than 95% purity (1210-fold purification and 4.2% recoveries). On reduction the 30 kD form resolved into four components of 36, 31, 20-21 and 16 kD of which the 20-21 and 16 kD components were similar to the corresponding inhibin subunits isolated from porcine and bovine follicular fluid. The 36 kD component was established as a non-reducible inhibin-like material, based on its binding to antiserum raised against bovine 58 kD inhibin. The nature of the remaining non-reducible 31 kD component is unknown. Two NH2-terminal amino acid sequences (first 13 amino acids) identified in purified 30 kD inhibin were identical to the corresponding subunit amino acid sequences of bovine 31 kD inhibin.
MultiSphere: Massively Parallel Tree Search for Large Sphere Decoders (2016)

This work introduces MultiSphere, a method to massively parallelize the tree search of large sphere decoders in a nearly-independent manner, without compromising their maximum-likelihood performance, and by keeping the overall processing complexity at the levels of highly-optimized sequential sphere decoders. MultiSphere employs a novel sphere decoder tree partitioning which can adjust to the transmission channel with a small latency overhead. It also utilizes a new method to distribute nodes to parallel sphere decoders and a new tree traversal and enumeration strategy which minimize redundant computations despite the nearly-independent parallel processing of the subtrees. For an 8 × 8 MIMO spatially multiplexed system with 16-QAM modulation and 32 processing elements MultiSphere can achieve a latency reduction of more than an order of magnitude, approaching the processing latency of linear detection methods, while its overall complexity can be even smaller than the complexity of well-known sequential sphere decoders. For 8 × 8 MIMO systems, MultiSphere's sphere decoder tree partitioning method can achieve the processing latency of other partitioning schemes by using half of the processing elements. In addition, it is shown that for a multi-carrier system with 64 subcarriers, when performing sequential detection across subcarriers and using MultiSphere with 8 processing elements to parallelize detection, a smaller processing latency is achieved than when parallelizing the detection process by using a single processing element per subcarrier (64 in total).
Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering and Its Applications (2007)

The phenomenon of enhanced backscattering (EBS) of light, also known as coherent backscattering, has been the object of intensive investigation in non-biological media over the last two decades. However, there have been only a few attempts to explore EBS for tissue characterization and diagnosis. We have recently made progress in the EBS measurements in tissue by taking advantage of low spatial coherence illumination, which has led us to the development of low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) as a technique to characterize living tissue. In this paper, we review the current state of research on LEBS. In particular, we show that LEBS spectroscopy enables detection of early microarchitectural changes in tissue associated with carcinogenesis prior to the development of histologically-detectable alterations as well as any other known markers of neoplasia. Thus, LEBS may offer insights into initial events in carcinogenesis.
Low-resistive monocrystalline Mg-Al-O barrier magnetic tunnel junctions for spin-transfer magnetization switching (2013)

Monocrystalline Mg-Al-O barriers for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were fabricated by natural oxidation of Mg-Al thin films. The naturally oxidized Mg-Al-O barrier had a cation-disorder MgAl2O4 structure, and Fe/Mg-Al-O/Fe(001) MTJs showed a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of over 180% at room temperature. In addition, the natural oxidation process resulted in tunnel barriers with a resistance area product (RA) of less than 5 Ω·μm2. We observed clear magnetization switching in a CoFe/Mg-Al-O/CoFe MTJ by spin-transfer torque. These results indicate that the natural oxidation of Mg-Al alloy is an effective method for processing cation-disorder MgAl2O4 barrier for coherent TMR with low RA.
Nonlinear registration of diffusion‐weighted images improves clinical sensitivity of functional diffusion maps in recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab (2011)

Diffusion-weighted imaging estimates of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) have shown sensitivity to brain tumor cellularity as well as response to therapy. Functional diffusion maps (fDMs) exploit these principles by examining voxelwise changes in ADC within the same patient over time. Currently, the fDM technique involves linear image registration of ADC maps from subsequent follow-up times to pretreatment ADC maps; however, misregistration of ADC maps due to geometric distortions as well as mass effect from growing tumor can confound fDM measurements. In this study, we compare the use of a nonlinear registration scheme to the current linear fDM technique in 70 patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with bevacizumab. Results suggest that nonlinear registration of pretreatment ADC maps to post-treatment ADC maps improves the clinical predictability, sensitivity, and specificity of fDMs for both progression-free and overall survival.
An edge-based approach to image fusion of images via reconstruction estimation (2009)

Image fusion algorithms attempt to combine multiple registered images into a single image in a way which retains the most pertinent information from each of the images to be fused. In this paper, a new edge-based image fusion algorithm using the Parameterized Logarithm Image Processing (PLIP) model is presented. Coarse approximation and edge information from the images to be fused are extracted using PLIP primitives and separately processed. The results are fused to yield the reconstructed fusion result. The Logarithmic Michelson contrast measure by entropy (log AMEE) is used to quantitatively access the quality of image fusion results. Experimental results via computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm can outperform current image fusion techniques both by qualitative and quantitative means.
Performance characteristics of second generation polysilicon resonating beam force transducers (1990)

Polysilicon resonating beam force transducers and their performance characteristics are studied. Doubly clamped beams in vacuum display a shift in resonant frequency with applied axial load. Functionality, miniaturization, and batch fabrication were accomplished using surface micromachining techniques with tensile, fine-grained polysilicon as the construction material. The device could be a very accurate, cost-effective alternative to presently available force transducers if it displays sharply defined and stable resonant frequencies. The devices are driven into resonance by means of electrothermomechanical or capacitive forces. Analytical expressions are derived to illustrate the detrimental effect the drive mechanisms have on the resonant frequency. Material and process sensitivities are calculated from a closed-form expression for the fundamental resonant frequency. Experimental beams have typical dimensions of 200- mu m length, 45- mu m width, and 2- mu m thickness. The fundamental unloaded resonant frequency is near 650 kHz and can be adjusted by processing. It will shift to nearly 900 kHz with an applied strain level of +0.1%. A temperature coefficient of the frequency of -75 p.p.m./ degrees C for the finished batch-fabricated device was demonstrated. Theory and experiment are in agreement, showing that the resonant frequency stability and not the ability to measure frequency limits the force resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>e</i> −-beam deposition of tetragonal ZrO2 films stabilized with alumina and scandia (1990)

A new method is presented of producing stabilized tetragonal zirconia films based on evaporation of the oxide powders using an electron beam. Both alumina (Al2O3) and scandia (Sc2O3) are used as stabilizing agents. The relative amounts of Al and Sc were gradually increased to find the minimum amount necessary to stabilize the tetragonal phase of zirconia. In the as-deposited state, all films were amorphous, but crystallized following postdeposition heat treatments. As the atomic percent of Al and Sc was increased, the tetragonal phase of zirconia was stabilized. It appeared as a single phase for compositions with more than 24 at. % Al and more than 5 at. % Sc.
Brain functional changes (QEEG cordance) and worsening suicidal ideation and mood symptoms during antidepressant treatment (2010)

Hypothesis-generating results suggest a pattern of functional changes in midline and right frontal brain regions associated with antidepressant treatment-emergent SI in MDD.
Design of generalized processor sharing schedulers which statistically multiplex heterogeneous QoS classes (1999)

Generalized processor sharing (GPS) is the basis for the packet scheduler of choice in IP routers and ATM switches of the future. The currently accepted approach for the design of GPS schedulers is based on deterministic QoS guarantees, which, it is generally accepted, is overly conservative and leads to limitations on capacity. We develop a framework for GPS scheduling which is based on statistical QoS guarantees and statistical multiplexing. We give the design of GPS weights which maximize the coverage of operating points, and also the design of the connection admission control (CAC). The general framework is end-to-end, with two heterogeneous QoS classes coexisting with a third, best effort class. Each QoS class has a specified delay bound together with a bound on the probability of its violation. An important objective is to maximize the bandwidth available to best effort traffic, while just satisfying the guarantees of the QoS classes. To this end, we consider output regulated GPS scheduling, which limits each connection's share of the bandwidth to a designed value. The sources are subject to standard dual leaky bucket regulation. For the design of the GPS weights we give procedures based on two key concepts, the realizable set and the critical weights. The realizable set is the union of all admissible sets of connections of both classes over all weights. One of the main contributions is a pragmatic design process by which most of the realizable set is realized by only two critical weights. The numerical results show that there are substantial capacity gains from statistical multiplexing.
NGPs — an emerging class of nanomaterials (2008)

Nano-graphene platelets (NGPs) promise a cost effective yet high quality alternative to carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibres (CNF) in composite applications. Aruna Zhamu, Chief Technical Officer, Angstron Materials LLC, explains.
[Descriptive epidemiology of patients with alcoholic liver disease hospitalized in a hepato-gastroenterology service]. (1999)

Two thirds of heavy drinkers did not have cirrhosis on admission since alcoholism was the first reason for multiple hospitalizations in these patients, therefore the management of alcoholism in out-patients must be improved.
Slot Based Frequency Reconfigurable and UWB Sensing MIMO Antennas for CR Applications (2019)

In this paper, an integrated multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented that consists of 4-element ultra-wide-band (UWB) antenna and 4-element frequency reconfigurable antenna system. Both antenna elements are designed on the same substrate. The frequency reconfigurable communication antenna is a slot-based structure that achieves frequency reconfigurability over wide range from 1.4 to 2.2 GHz using varactor diode tuning. The UWB antenna can be utilized to sense the frequency spectrum as well as operate as a MIMO antenna system over a frequency band from 1.4 to 4.85 GHz. The frequency reconfigurable antenna is loaded with an annular split ring resonator (SRR) for size reduction. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The total size of antenna is compact with dimensions of 150 × 200 × 1.52 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The proposed antenna is suitable to be used in tablet PCs and laptops with cognitive radio capabilities.
Action is in the Eye of the Beholder: Eye-gaze Driven Model for Spatio-Temporal Action Localization (2013)

We propose a weakly-supervised structured learning approach for recognition and spatio-temporal localization of actions in video. As part of the proposed approach, we develop a generalization of the Max-Path search algorithm which allows us to efficiently search over a structured space of multiple spatio-temporal paths while also incorporating context information into the model. Instead of using spatial annotations in the form of bounding boxes to guide the latent model during training, we utilize human gaze data in the form of a weak supervisory signal. This is achieved by incorporating eye gaze, along with the classification, into the structured loss within the latent SVM learning framework. Experiments on a challenging benchmark dataset, UCF-Sports, show that our model is more accurate, in terms of classification, and achieves state-of-the-art results in localization. In addition, our model can produce top-down saliency maps conditioned on the classification label and localized latent paths. 1
Exclusive interaction between α1D‐adrenergic receptor and pannexin 1 can mediate vasoconstriction (2012)

We recently demonstrated that pannexin1 (Panx1) channels release ATP in vascular smooth muscle cells after phenylephrine (PE) stimulation (Billaud et al, Circ Res, 2011). However, the participation of Panx1 in other contractile pathways has not been investigated. Therefore, we stimulated thoracodorsal arteries with angiotensin II, endothelin‐1, serotonin, ATP, KCl, noradrenaline and PE. Only noradrenaline and PE responses were altered by pannexin inhibitors suggesting that these responses occurred through an association between the α1 D ‐adrenergic receptor (α1 D ‐AR) and Panx1. These results were verified using duolink imaging of the α1 D ‐AR/Panx1 interaction. We hypothesized that disruption of this complex would alter vasoconstriction and therefore designed peptides against the Panx1 intracellular loop (IL) and carboxyl tail (CT). Only the Panx1 IL peptide decreased constriction to PE. We further tested the effect of the peptides on the integrity of the Panx1/α1 D ‐AR complex using co‐immunoprecipitation and verified that the peptides had no effect on Panx1 hexamerization and trafficking. We demonstrated this in vitro by co‐transfection of Panx1 and α1 D ‐AR plasmids in HEK cells. Electrophysiology confirmed PE‐induced Panx1 activation which was altered by Panx1 IL peptide. Our results show that Panx1 has an exclusive interaction with α1 D ‐AR in the regulation of vascular tone.