gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Distance Diagrams: A Powerful Tool for Service Planning and Control (1999)

Graphical scheduling is an old technique that has been neglected, or never acquired, in many North American transit agencies. It retains its advantages in basic schedule design and analysis as it eases the solution to problems that are difficult to solve analytically. Even information about simple routes is enhanced by the detailed operating characteristics inherent in detailed vehicle trajectories and by the relative ease with which accelerated service and service recovery strategies can be investigated. It also can be used to confirm and refine solutions that are generated by analytic methods. The methodology is reviewed in the context of such planning applications. Graphical scheduling has additional advantages in operational control with the advent of modern ITS technologies. By movement of the cursor on a terminal screen, detailed information about all activity along a route becomes available. It is possible to link the altering of trajectories through clicking and dragging to the automatic issuance of control commands and updates of passenger information. These and other possible uses of the technique in an operational context are presented.
The use of UV irradiation in polymerization (1998)

Photoinitiation is one of the most efficient methods for achieving quasi-instantaneous polymerization, transforming a liquid molecule into a solid polymer material within less than 1s. The kinetics of such ultrafast reaction can be advantageously followed by real-time infrared spectroscopy, a technique which records directly conversion versus time curves and allows evaluation of the important kinetic parameters of cross-linking polymerization. Photoinitiation has proved to be well suited to inducing frontal polymerization and achieving a deep-through cure of thick specimens. UV technology is also capable of causing fast polymerization in solid media, despite severe mobility restrictions, because of the high initiation rate provided by intense illumination. This review presents some recent advances in the UV-curing technology, special emphasis being given to the kinetic aspect of ultrafast polymerization reactions induced by light. © 1998 SCI.
p-type thin-film transistors with vacuum-deposited crystallized copper-doped germanium films (1983)

Copper-doped 10-nm-thick vacuum-deposited Ge films between vitreous aluminosilicate insulator films can be crystallized at 400°C, with hole mobilities of 80 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s. They yield stable p-type TFT's with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> on/off ratio which are process-compatible with n-type CdSe TFT's and thus usable for complementary on-board shift registers in active matrix displays.
An ultra low power 2.4GHz CMOS VCO (2004)

A low power voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for IEEE 802.11b direct conversion receiver is demonstrated. The VCO is fabricated by TSMC 0.25-/spl mu/m; based on the measurement results, the tuning range is 187 MHz (7.78%); phase noise is -73.62dBc/Hz@600 kHz offset and -82.44dBc/Hz@1MHz offset at 2.4GHz. The circuit draws only 53/spl mu/A current for the VCO core from a 1.5V supply.
Comprehensive characterization and quantification of adeno associated vectors by size exclusion chromatography and multi angle light scattering (2021)

Adeno associated virus (AAV) capsids are a leading modality for in vivo gene delivery. Complete and precise characterization of capsid particles, including capsid and vector genome concentration, is necessary to safely and efficaciously dose patients. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to multiangle light scattering (MALS) offers a straightforward approach to comprehensively characterize AAV capsids. The current study demonstrates that this method provides detailed AAV characterization information, including but not limited to aggregation profile, size-distribution, capsid content, capsid molar mass, encapsidated DNA molar mass, and total capsid and vector genome titer. Currently, multiple techniques are required to generate this information, with varying accuracy and precision. In the current study, a new series of equations for SEC-MALS are used in tandem with intrinsic properties of the capsids and encapsidated DNA to quantify multiple physical AAV attributes in one 20-min run with minimal sample manipulation, high accuracy, and high precision. These novel applications designate this well-established method as a powerful tool for product development and process analytics in future gene therapy programs.
Perceptual awareness and its neural basis: bridging experimental and theoretical paradigms (2014)

Understanding consciousness is a major scientific challenge of our times, and perceptual awareness is an integral part of that challenge. This Theme Issue aims to provide a timely focus on crucial insights from leading scientists on perceptual awareness and its neural basis. The issue refers to key research questions and findings in perceptual awareness research and aims to be a catalyst for further research, by bringing together the state-of-the-art. It shows how bridges are being built between empirical and theoretical research and proposes new directions for the study of multisensory awareness and the role of the states of the body therein. In this introduction, we highlight crucial problems that have characterized the development of the study of perceptual awareness. We then provide an overview of major experimental and theoretical paradigms related to perceptual awareness and its neural basis. Finally, we present an overview of the Theme Issue, with reference to the contributed articles and their relationships.
Fluorinated polymerizable phosphonium salts from PH<sub>3</sub>: Surface properties of photopolymerized films (2013)

ABSTRACT An array of highly fluorinated polymerizable phosphonium salts (HFPPS) were synthesized from PH 3 and utilized in UV‐curable formulations. Inclusion of these salts at very low loading (0.1–1 wt %) into hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) resulted in hydrophobic surfaces. The water repellency was achieved with short C 4 F 9 fluorocarbon appendages in the monomer as opposed to the bioaccumulative C 8 F 17 appended polymers. The physical properties of these new monomers were also characterized. The molecular architecture of the monomers had a pronounced effect on both their physical properties along with the degree of hydrophobicity imparted in the polymer. Salts utilizing the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion displayed excellent compatibility with HDDA, while the chloride salts were insoluble. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) confirmed the presence of the HFPPS at the surface of the polymer coating. For the first time this demonstrates how these salts may be used to functionalize the surface of a UV‐cured film with ionic species. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2782–2792
Using User Sessions for Test Case Generation and Execution (2008)

Background Protocols for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) have been constantly evolving, and the best method of managing perioperative pain, especially in laparoscopic surgeries, is still debatable. The primary goal of these protocols is to steer toward opioid-sparing analgesia. Intravenous lidocaine, which has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, may improve the overall recovery of patients. Objectives The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusion (IVL) with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in the management of perioperative pain and recovery in the laparoscopic left-sided colon and sphincter-sparing rectal surgery. Methods In this study, 37 patients were randomized to either the IVL group or the TEA group. IVL infusion was started before the surgical incision and stopped 30 minutes after transferring the patient to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, rescue analgesic doses, quality of recovery scores, time to discharge, and adverse events were recorded prospectively. Data were analyzed using two independent sample t-test and paired t-test, with p < 0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results The mean difference of overall NRS (numerical rating scale) pain scores in the ward was significantly higher in the IVL group as compared to the TEA group, which was 3.58 (2.29) vs 2.23 1.95) (p < 0.001). The IVL group required more mean rescue opioid boluses than the TEA group, which was 11.36 (8.684) vs 5.96 (6.215) (p < 0.001). However, both IVL and TEA groups had similar pain scores intraoperatively and in the PACU. Conclusions TEA provides better analgesia and decreased opioid requirements compared to intravenous lidocaine during the 24-hour period in the ward after laparoscopic left-sided colon and sphincter-sparing rectal surgery, although there was no difference in the quality of recovery between IVL and TEA groups.
A 2.2-GHz Configurable Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer Based on LUT and Rotation (2018)

This paper proposes a configurable direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) based on the lookup-table (LUT)- rotation architecture. To break through the limitation of the single mode, the proposed DDFS is the first attempt which supports four-mode switching on chip. Taking the advantages of small LUT size and pipelined rotation, the DDFS achieves both high-speed and high-resolution properties. The multi-bit rotation tree is helpful to reduce the latency and register usage, which improves the agility and energy efficiency of the DDFS. A partition problem is raised in this paper, and we estimate the optimal solution through both the theory and experiment. Based on the partition, an output can achieve the highest spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) with as small as possible LUT size. The functionality of the proposed DDFS has been validated in a Xilinx ZedBoard field-programmable gate array. The synthesis and layout results show that the chip achieves maximum 102-dBc SFDR and 2.2-GHz clock frequency. The power consumption and latency cycles reach minimum 6.9 mW/GHz and 7 cycles, which are 20% and 30% reduction compared with the state-of-the-art DDFS.
Capacity increase in the downlink of spread spectrum systems through joint signal precoding (2002)

In this paper we propose two precoding schemes for the downlink of CDMA systems which help reduce the multiuser interference by jointly precoding the transmitted signal based on knowledge of the downlink channel. These methods provide a substantial capacity increase without requiring complex multiuser detectors at the mobile terminals and can be applied for instance to TDD systems, which have symmetrical channels.
Distributed RF tomography for tunnel detection: Suitable inversion schemes (2009)

Distributed Radio Frequency (RF) Tomography is a novel approach for detecting underground tunnels and caves, over relatively wide areas. This method requires a set of affordable transmitters and receivers randomly deployed above the ground. Using the principles of inverse scattering, it is possible to develop a simplified theory for imaging below ground, thus revealing and locating voids. In this paper, we introduce inversion schemes suited for ground penetrating radar tomography applied to sensors that are randomly distributed over the area of interest.
Progesterone-Related Immune Modulation of Pregnancy and Labor (2019)

Pregnancy involves a complex interplay between maternal neuroendocrine and immunological systems in order to establish and sustain a growing fetus. It is thought that the uterus at pregnancy transitions from quiescent to laboring state in response to interactions between maternal and fetal systems at least partly <i>via</i> altered neuroendocrine signaling. Progesterone (P4) is a vital hormone in maternal reproductive tissues and immune cells during pregnancy. As such, P4 is widely used in clinical interventions to improve the chance of embryo implantation, as well as reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature labor. Here we review research to date that focus on the pathways through which P4 mediates its actions on both the maternal reproductive and immune system. We will dissect the role of P4 as a modulator of inflammation, both systemic and intrinsic to the uterus, during human pregnancy and labor.
Opportunities in Opportunistic Computing (2010)

When two devices come into contact, albeit opportunistically, it provides a great opportunity to match services to resources, exchange information, cyberforage, execute tasks remotely, and forward messages.
Multi‐dimensional NMR experiments using selective pulses (1991)

Abstract This review describes the use of shaped pulses for frequency‐selective excitation, refocusing and/or mixing. The selectivity of different pulse shapes is described. Selective excitation can be used to transform 2D experiments into 1D analogues or to restrict the size in higher dimensional spectra. Soft excitation also can be used to apply techniques in homonuclear spectroscopy which are otherwise only possible in heteronuclear spectroscopy.
Robust Multi-Bernoulli Sensor Selection for Multi-Target Tracking in Sensor Networks (2013)

This letter addresses the sensor selection problem for tracking multiple dynamic targets within a sensor network. Since the bandwidth and energy of the sensor network are constrained, it would not be feasible to directly use the entire information of sensor nodes for detection and tracking of the targets and hence the need for sensor selection. Our sensor selection solution is formulated using the multi-Bernoulli random finite set framework. The proposed method selects a minimum subset of sensors which are most likely to provide reliable measurements. The overall scheme is a robust method that works in challenging scenarios where no prior information are available on clutter intensity or sensor detection profile. Simulation results demonstrate successful sensor selection in a challenging case where five targets move in a close vicinity to each other. Comparative results show the superior performance of our method in terms of accuracy of estimating the number of targets and their states.
Measurement of the harmonic contents of electric signals using FPGA and switched capacitor filters (2008)

The measurement of the harmonic contents of an electric signal is particularly complex task due to the spectral analysis involved. The present work addresses two basic objectives. The first one is to construct a device capable of carrying out a low error measurement of total harmonic distortion during one cycle of the electric power signal. The second one aims to laying the foundations for embedding the measurement system in an integrated chip.
Model-based testing of a highly programmable system (2002)

The paradigm of model based testing shifts the focus of testing from writing individual test cases to developing a model from which a test suite can be generated automatically. We report on our experience with model based testing of a highly programmable system that implements intelligent telephony services in the US telephone network. Our approach used automatic test case generation technology to develop sets of self checking test cases based on a machine readable specification of the messages in the protocol under test. The AETG/sup TM/ software system selected a minimal number of test data tuples that covered pairwise combinations of tuple elements. We found the combinatorial approach of covering pairwise interactions between input fields to be highly effective. Our tests revealed failures that would have been difficult to detect using traditional test designs. However, transferring this technology to the testing organization was difficult. Automatic generation of cases represents a significant departure from conventional testing practice due to the large number of tests and the amount of software development involved.
Comparison of equimolar concentrations of iloprost, prostacyclin, and prostaglandin E1 on human platelet function. (1987)

Prostaglandins E1 and I2 (PGE1 and PGI2) have been shown to be potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation. We compared the antiaggregatory effect of equimolar concentrations of these two agents with that of a newly synthesized prostacyclin analogue, iloprost, and measured the effects of these agents on intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in human platelets. In addition, because the platelet inhibitory properties of prostanoids are associated with increased vasoactivity, we assessed the effects of each prostanoid on coronary flow in isolated perfused rat hearts. Concentrations ranging from 0.0001 mumol/L to 1 mumol/L of iloprost, PGI2, and PGE1 were incubated with either platelet-rich plasma or gel-filtered platelets. Greater than 90% inhibition of platelet aggregation in response to threshold concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (n = 6) and epinephrine (n = 6) was observed in all donors when 0.01 mumol/L iloprost, 0.1 mumol/L PGI2, and 1 mumol/L PGE1 were added to platelet-rich plasma. In gel-filtered platelets, at threshold concentrations of thrombin (n = 6), 90% inhibition was observed with 0.01 mumol/L iloprost. In contrast, similar inhibition to thrombin required 0.1 mumol/L PGI2, and with PGE1 it was never achieved in two donors. At 0.01 mumol/L of prostanoid, cAMP levels (n = 6) rose from a baseline value of 439 +/- 99 pmol/10(9) platelets to 1857 +/- 454 pmol/10(9) platelets for iloprost, 758 +/- 99 pmol/10(9) platelets for PGI2, and 692 +/- 199 pmol/10(9) platelets for PGE1. In addition, at 6 mumol/L, alterations in coronary flow (P greater than 0.05) were noted to be 127% of baseline values for iloprost (n = 5) and 153% for PGI2 (n = 6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complete Genome Sequences of Four Bordetella pertussis Vaccine Reference Strains from Serum Institute of India (2016)

Serum Institute of India is among the world's largest vaccine producers. Here, we report the complete genome sequences for four Bordetella pertussis strains used by Serum Institute of India in the production of whole-cell pertussis vaccines.
On the design of optimal adaptive routers for direct networks (2002)

Adaptive routing systems for direct networks can make use of the multiple paths that exist between pairs of nodes, and thus have the potential to deliver low latency communication. The performance of such systems, however, is dependent on the choice of the message buffering scheme as well as on the routing algorithm used. In this paper, we describe a general adaptive routing system for direct networks which can route the maximum number of messages out of a node at any time. We apply this design to the case of a two-dimensional k-ary n-cube, for which we derive an approximate analytic queueing model. This queueing model is validated through simulation experiments, and the performance potential of the adaptive routing system is evaluated and analysed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards Ontology-based Data Quality Inference in Large-Scale Sensor Networks (2012)

This paper presents an ontology-based approach for data quality inference on streaming observation data originating from large-scale sensor networks. We evaluate this approach in the context of an existing river basin monitoring program called the Intelligent River®. Our current methods for data quality evaluation are compared with the ontology-based inference methods described in this paper. We present an architecture that incorporates semantic inference into a publish/subscribe messaging middleware, allowing data quality inference to occur on real-time data streams. Our preliminary benchmark results indicate delays of 100ms for basic data quality checks based on an existing semantic web software framework. We demonstrate how these results can be maintained under increasing sensor data traffic rates by allowing inference software agents to work in parallel. These results indicate that data quality inference using the semantic sensor network paradigm is viable solution for data intensive, large-scale sensor networks.
Les effets du tabac sur la surface cornéene (2020)

Le tabagisme est actuellement considéré comme un grave problème de santé publique dans le monde. Il existe une forte association entre le tabagisme et certaines pathologies oculaires notamment:la cataracte, la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge, l'ischémie rétinienne, la neuropathie optique ischémique antérieure, Fumer des cigarettes augmente également le risque de syndrome de l'œil sec et exacerbe les conditions existantes. le but de la présente étude était d'étudier les effets du tabagisme chronique sur la surface oculaire et les caractéristiques des larmes chez les fumeurs et les non-fumeurs dont les résultats ont objectivé que dans le goupe des tabagiques,80% des patients avaient un BUT anomal alors que 100% des goupes non fumeus avaient un BUT qui est normal.20% des groupes du fumeur presentaient une keratite ponctuee superficielle. il n y avait pas de differnce cliniquemeñt significative entre le gòupe fumeur et le groupe non fumeur avec une moyenne de 11 mm/5s chez les fumeurs et 13mm/5mn chez les non fumeurs abstract: Tobacco is currently considered to be a serious public health problem around the world. There is a strong association between smoking and certain eye diseases including: cataract, age-related macular degeneration, retinal ischemia, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, Smoking cigarettes also increases the risk of dry eye syndrome and exacerbates existing conditions. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of chronic smoking on the ocular surface and tear characteristics in smokers and non-smokers. The results of this study objected that in the smoking group,80% of the patients had an abnormal GOAL while 100% of the non-smoking groups had a GOAL that was normal.20% of the smoking groups had superficial punctate keratitis. There was no significant clinical difference between the smoker and non-smoker groups with a mean of 11 mm/5s in the smokers and 13mm/5mn in the non-smokers.
Rome III: New standard for functional gastrointestinal disorders. (2006)

The publication in the April, 2006 issue of Gastroenterology of Rome III has made available to the scientific world an enhanced and updated version of the Rome criteria and related information on the functional GI disorders. It is expected that the criteria will be adopted and used by physicians, pharmaceuticals and regulatory agencies worldwide, just as the previous Rome II became the standard for clinical practice and research. In this issue of J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, these Guidelines, the Rome III, are presented. Also included are some of the differences between Rome II and Rome III criteria as well as the rationale for publishing this new version.
First generation inhibitors of the adenovirus proteinase (2013)

As there are more than 50 adenovirus serotypes, the likelihood of developing an effective vaccine is low. Here we describe inhibitors of the adenovirus proteinase (AVP) with the ultimate objective of developing anti-adenovirus agents. Inhibitors were identified via structure-based drug design using as druggable sites the active site and a conserved cofactor pocket in the crystal structures of AVP. A lead compound was identified that had an IC50 of 18 μM. One of eight structural derivatives of the lead compound had an IC50 of 140 nM against AVP and an IC50 of 490 nM against the AVP with its cofactor bound.