gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast 3D Cardiac Cine MR Imaging (1999)

We describe a technique for three-dimensional cine MR imaging. By using short repetition times (TR) and interleaved slice encoding, volumetric cine data can be acquired throughout the cardiac cycle with a temporal resolution of approximately 80 msec. A T1-shortening agent is used to produce contrast between blood and myocardium. A comparison between the acquisition times of this and several other two-dimensional techniques is presented. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:751–756. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Palladium-catalyzed annulation (1999)

The palladium-catalyzed annulation of cyclic and bicyclic alkenes; unsaturated cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes; 1,2-, 1,3-and 1,4-dienes; as well as internal alkynes, by functionally substituted aryl or vinylic halides and triates provides a very versatile route to a wide variety of heterocycles and carbocycles.
Drug Delivery: Lipid‐Modified Aminoglycoside Derivatives for In Vivo siRNA Delivery (Adv. Mater. 33/2013) (2013)

The self-assembled nanoparticles for siRNA delivery with lipid-modified aminoglycoside derivatives is described by Daniel G. Anderson and co-workers on page 4641. The core-shell nanoparticles can protect siRNA from enzymatic degradation within the body and subsequently deliver siRNA into cytoplasm of target cells. The image is courtesy of Dr. Ning Zhang.
Physical modification of polypropylene: preparation of fibres dyeable with disperse dyes (1999)

Published literature from the past 30 years concerning the removal of dyes from textile effluent has been reviewed. The relationship between the bioelimination by activated sewage sludge and the molecular structure of anionic, water‐soluble dyes has been examined. Bioelimination of many commercially available dyes as a mechanism for decolorising textile waste waters has been shown to be an inefficient process. However, the information collated will be used as the basis for development of novel reactive dyes for potential commercial application.
Local male hormonal therapy in male infertility: A preliminary report (1979)

The therapeutic effect of local infiltration of the testis by testosterone crystalline suspension was studied in 18 cases of severe oligozoospermia. Evaluation was done by semen analysis follow-up, and results were correlated with preoperative testicular biopsies. About 40% of the cases showed improvement of sperm count and/or motility. Testicular biopsies of responding cases showed mild inhibitory changes, such as sloughing or partial spermatogenic arrest at late stages, while cases with tubular hyalinization or spermatogenic arrest at the stage of spermatogonia showed no response. The method proved to be simple, safe, and promising.
A Parallel and Pipelined Architecture for Accelerating Fingerprint Computation in High Throughput Data Storages (2015)

Rabin fingerprints are short tags for large objects that can be used in a wide range of applications, such as data deduplication, web querying, packet routing, and caching. We present a pipelined hardware architecture for computing Rabin fingerprints on data being transferred on a high throughput bus. The design conducts real-time fingerprinting with short latencies, and can be tuned for optimized clock rate with "split fresh" technique. A pipelined sampling logic selects fingerprints based on the Minwise theory and adds only a few clock cycles of latency before returning the final results. The design can be replicated to work in parallel for higher throughput data traffic. This architecture is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA, and is tested on a storage prototyping platform. The implementation shows that the design can achieve clock rates above 300 MHz with an order of magnitude improvement in latency over prior software implementations, while consuming little hardware resource. The scheme is extensible to other types of fingerprints and CRC computations, and is readily applicable to primary storages and caches in hybrid storage systems.
Expression of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor gene inhibits tumor cell invasion in vitro. (1996)

To determine if replacement of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor gene could inhibit invasion of RB-defective tumor cells, the capacity of tumor cells to migrate or invade was quantitated by the Boyden chamber assay. The studies were done in a diverse group of stable RB-reconstituted human tumor cell lines, including those derived from the osteosarcoma and carcinomas of the lung, breast and bladder. The expression of the exogenous wild-type RB protein in these tumor cell lines was driven by either a constitutively active promoter or an inducible promoter. It was found that significantly more tumor cells from the parental RB-defective cell lines and the RB revertants than from the RB-reconstituted RB+ cell lines penetrated through the Matrigel (P<0.001, two-tailed t-test), although both RB+ and RB- cells migrated at approximately the same rate on uncoated polycarbonate filters in the Boyden chambers. Of note, the inhibition of invasiveness of various RB-defective tumor cells by RB replacement was apparently well correlated with suppression of their tumorigenicity in vivo. In contrast, although either functional RB or p53 re-expression effectively suppressed tumor formation in nude mice of the RB-/p53null osteosarcoma cell line, Saos-2, replacement of the wild-type p53 gene had much less impact on their invasiveness as compared to the RB gene. These studies provided an insight into the broader biological basis of the RB-mediated tumor suppression in RB-defective tumor cells.
Analogs of the Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone having the Azagly<sup>10</sup> Moiety with Antiovulatory Activity (1984)

Twenty-four new analogs of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were synthesized and bioassayed for antiovulatory activity in rats. [N-Ac- 3 ⊿Pro 1 , pF-D-Phe 2 , D-Trp 3,6 , Azagly 10 ]-LHRH com pletely inhibited ovulation at 6 μg and was the most potent of the 24, and is a relatively potent antagonist in the field. The Azagly- and Ac-NHNH- and D-Alamoieties in position 10, and D-Arg in position 6, and diverse substitutions in position 1 were emphasized. D-Arg 6 was inferior to D-Trp 6 , and pCl-D-Phe 6 appeared superior to D-Trp 6 . D-Trp 3,6 was superior to D-2-Nal 3,6 and D-His 3,6 .
A non-glycosylated extracellular superoxide dismutase variant (1992)

The secretory tetrameric extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the only glycosylated SOD isoenzyme. The importance of the carbohydrate moiety for the properties of the enzyme is unknown. An expression vector defining nonglycosylated EC-SOD (ngEC-SOD) was constructed by mutagenesis of the codon for Asn-89 into a codon for Gln. The vector was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary DXB-11 cells and ngEC-SOD was isolated to 70% purity from the culture media of selected clones. The absence of glycosylation was established by the lack of affinity for various lectins, the absence of staining with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent, the change in mobility and composition of the tryptic peptide containing the mutated glycosylation site, and the reduction in apparent molecular mass upon SDS/PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography. The tetrameric state was retained. The heparin affinity, a fundamental and distinguishing property of EC-SOD, was found to be slightly increased. The enzymic activity was essentially retained. The major difference from native glycosylated enzyme in physical properties was a marked reduction in solubility. Like glycosylated EC-SOD, ngEC-SOD was, after intravenous injection into rabbits, rapidly sequestered by the vessel endothelium, and was promptly released into plasma after injection of heparin. The only difference from glycosylated EC-SOD in this behaviour, was a slightly more rapid elimination of the mutant enzyme from the vasculature. It is concluded that no specific biological role for the EC-SOD carbohydrate moiety could be revealed.
Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Pivotal Anaerobic Respiration Factor AniA (2017)

<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, which is highly prevalent worldwide and has a major impact on reproductive and neonatal health. The superbug status of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> necessitates the development of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Here, we focused on targeting the nitrite reductase AniA, which is a pivotal component of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> anaerobic respiration and biofilm formation. Our studies showed that gonococci expressing AniA containing the altered catalytic residues D137A and H280A failed to grow under anaerobic conditions, demonstrating that the nitrite reductase function is essential. To facilitate the pharmacological targeting of AniA, new crystal structures of AniA were refined to 1.90-Å and 2.35-Å resolutions, and a phage display approach with libraries expressing randomized linear dodecameric peptides or heptameric peptides flanked by a pair of cysteine residues was utilized. Biopanning experiments led to the identification of 29 unique peptides, with 1 of them, C7-3, being identified multiple times. Evaluation of their ability to interact with AniA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and computational docking studies revealed that C7-3 was the most promising inhibitor, binding near the type 2 copper site of the enzyme, which is responsible for interaction with nitrite. Subsequent enzymatic assays and biolayer interferometry with a synthetic C7-3 and its derivatives, C7-3m1 and C7-3m2, demonstrated potent inhibition of AniA. Finally, the MIC<sub>50</sub> value of C7-3 and C7-3m2 against anaerobically grown <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> was 0.6 mM. We present the first peptide inhibitors of AniA, an enzyme that should be further exploited for antigonococcal drug development.
High-resolution templates for step and flash imprint lithography (2002)

Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) is an attractive method for printing sub-100 nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes SFIL has the advantage that the template is transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. In addition, the imprint process is performed at low pressures and room temperature, minimizing magnification and distortion errors. The purpose of this work was to investigate alternative methods for defining high resolution SFIL templates and study the limits of the SFIL process. Two methods for fabricating templates were considered. The first method used a very thin layer of Cr as a hard mask. The second fabrication scheme attempts to address some of the weaknesses associated with a solid glass substrate. Because there is no conductive layer on the final template, SEM and defect inspection are compromised. By incorporating a conductive and transparent layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) on the glass substrate, charging is suppressed during SEM inspection, and the transparent nature of the final template is not affected. Using ZEP-520 as the electron beam imaging resist, features as small as 20 nm were resolved on the templates. Features were also successfully imprinted using both types of templates.
Core–Shell Structure in Nanocrystalline Modified BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Dielectric Ceramics Prepared by Different Sintering Methods (2011)

The modified BaTiO 3 dielectric ceramics have been prepared by different sintering methods with grain size of ∼100 nm. The dielectric properties, core–shell structure, and the dopant distribution in ceramic grains were studied. It is found that the diffuse phase transition peak shifts to the lower temperature as the sintering process changes from conventional sintering to two‐step sintering, which improves the temperature coefficient of capacitance performance at the low‐temperature end. The results are beneficial to develop the ultra‐thin active layer (≤1 μm) multilayer ceramic capacitors and better control of the well‐defined core–shell structures in nano‐BaTiO 3 grains to maintain the temperature stability.
Near-infrared single-mode fiber evanescent fluorosensor (1996)

Summary form only given. Fluorescence-based optical fiber sensors respond to spectral changes in light coupled to or from the fiber. In our sensing configuration we utilize evanescent field excitation where a portion of the light traveling in the fiber core penetrates into the surrounding medium with the power of the evanescent field decaying exponentially from the fiber core to the cladding. In our scheme, this evanescent field interacts with dye molecules (excitation/ emission peaks at 785/805 nm respectively) outside the fiber core, yet separated from the fiber surface by a distance smaller than the wavelength of the excitation light. Coupling of sources outside the cladding by this method has been predicted by a wave model of the light.
Continuous-wave interband cascade lasers operating above room temperature at λ = 47-56 μm (2012)

We have substantially improved the performance of interband cascade lasers emitting at λ = 4.7 and 5.6 μm, by applying the recently-pioneered approach of heavily doping the injector regions to rebalance the electron and hole concentrations in the active quantum wells. Ridges of ≈10 μm width, 4 mm length, and high-reflectivity back facets achieve maximum continuous wave operating temperatures of 60°C and 48°C, respectively. The threshold power density of ≈1 kW/cm2 at T = 25°C is over an order of magnitude lower than for state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers emitting in this spectral range.
Sharp Phase Change in Shape Memory Alloy Thermal Actuators for Subsea Flow Control (2012)

Gas-lifted oil wells are susceptible to failure through malfunction of gas lift valves (GLV). One failure mode occurs when the GLV check valve fails and product passes into the well annulus, potentially reaching the wellhead. This is a growing concern as offshore wells are drilled thousands of meters below the ocean floor in extreme temperature and pressure conditions and repair and monitoring become difficult. The authors have previously developed a thermally-actuated safety valve to prevent product backflow into the annulus in the event of check valve failure. The safety valve uses shape memory alloy (SMA) wires to translate a temperature change into a displacement and, based on commercially available SMA wire material properties, requires a 6°C temperature change to fully actuate. In some wells, however, check valve failure may result in less than 6°C temperature change. In this paper a new concept is developed to sharpen the austenitic phase change in SMA actuators. The concept has broad practical implications because it will allow thermally-activated devices, such as fluid control valves, to become much more precise, i.e., translating a small temperature change into a large displacement. The new concept uses the fact that SMA transition temperatures are stress dependent. By specifically controlling stress in the wire, the temperature difference required for austenitic transition can be decreased. This is achieved with a negative-differential spring — a spring that exerts a decreasing amount of force as it is displaced. The concept is tested experimentally by conductively and electrically heating SMA wires connected to a negative-differential spring. Results show a 2.9°C-5°C reductions, respectively, in the temperature difference required for austenitic transition.
Alignment of morphology during high spatial frequency periodic structure formation in GaAs (2019)

The interaction between multiple intense ultrashort laser pulses and solids is known to produce a regular nanoscale surface corrugation. A coupled mechanism has been identified that operates in a specific range of fluences in GaAs that exhibits transient loss of the imaginary part of the dielectric function and Χ2, which produces a unique corrugation known as high spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures (HSFL). The final structures have 180 nm periods, and their alignment perpendicular to the laser polarization is first observed in an intermediate morphology with correlation distances of 150 ± 40 nm. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations suggest that HSFL self-assembly is initiated when the intense laser field softens the interatomic binding potential, which leads to an ultrafast generation of point defects. The morphological evolution begins as self-interstitial diffusion, driven by stress relaxation, to the surface producing 1–2 nm tall islands. An ab initio calculation of excited electron concentration combined with a Drude-Lorentz model of the excited GaAs dielectric function is used to determine that the conditions for SPP coupling at HSFL formation fluences are both satisfied and occur at wavelengths that are imprinted into the observed surface morphologies. The evolution of these morphologies is explained as the interplay between surface plasmon polaritons that localize defect generation within the structures present on the previous laser exposure and stress relaxation driven defect diffusion.
MOS characteristics of ultrathin NO-grown oxynitrides (1994)

In this paper, we report for the first time, the growth of high quality ultrathin oxynitrides formed by nitridation of SiO/sub 2/ in nitric oxide (NO) ambient using in-situ rapid thermal processing (RTP). This process is highly self-limited compared with N/sub 2/O oxidation of silicon. A significant improvement in the interface endurance and charge trapping properties, under constant current stress, compared to pure O/sub 2/-grown and N/sub 2/O-grown oxides is observed. The NO growth process will have a great impact on future CMOS and EEPROM technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-Demodulated Heterodyne Frequency Domain Distributed Brillouin Fiber Sensor (2007)

We demonstrate a novel technique for Brillouin scattering-based distributed fiber sensing. The proposed technique is based on the use of two counterpropagating intensity-modulated optical signals, with their modulation frequencies differing by a small, fixed quantity. Stimulated Brillouin scattering leads to an optical demodulation of the probe signal, generating on its intensity spectrum a low-frequency component which is detected by a lock-in amplifier. As a proof of concept, measurement with a spatial resolution of 6 m is reported on a 230-m-long sensing fiber
Space-time-multipath coding using digital phase sweeping (2003)

We propose novel space-time multipath (STM) coded multi-antenna transmissions over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. We develop STM coded systems that guarantee the maximum possible space-multipath diversity without rate loss for any number of transmit-antennae, and with large coding gains within the class of linearly coded systems. By incorporating subchannel grouping, we also enable desirable tradeoffs between performance and complexity. The merits of our design are confirmed by corroborating simulations, and comparisons with existing approaches.
Multidimensional thermal mapping during radiofrequency ablation treatments with minimally invasive fiber optic sensors (2018)

Temperature mapping is a key asset in supporting the clinician during thermal ablation (TA) treatment of tumors without adding additional risk to the TA procedure. Herein we report our experiments on multidimensional thermal mapping during radio frequency (RF) thermal ablation treatments of an <i>ex-vivo</i> animal organ. The temperature was monitored using several arrays of fiber Bragg gratings properly positioned around the RF applicator. The results show the effectiveness of our proposed method at assessing the TA probe depth and demonstrating how the insertion depth directly influences the maximum temperature and the treated area of the radio frequency ablation.
Processing of 1‐3 Piezoelectric Ceramic/Polymer Composites (1995)

Several methods of forming fine‐scale 1–3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites for possible transducer applications were demonstrated. These methods include tape casting, honeycomb dicing, and ceramic fiber weaving. In the tape casting technique, laminated structures were formed using thin PZT tapes. The tapes were stacked, with spacers separating the layers, and the stack embedded in polymer. Dicing the stack resulted in a composite with 1–3 connectivity. The thin tape technique can be used to develop composites with ceramic or polymer volume fraction gradients and multifunctional ceramics. Dicing of PZT honeycombs yields 1–3 composites with uniquely shaped rods. Shapes included +, T, and L. In the ceramic fiber weaving technique, green PZT fibers were woven through a PZT honeycomb support structure. The structure was fired to sinter the PZT fibers, and embedded with polymer to yield 1–3 composites. All 1–3 composites showed high and uniform piezoelectric coefficients across the electroded area.
The multimodal presentation dashboard (2007)

The multimodal presentation dashboard allows users to control and browse presentation content such as slides and diagrams through a multimodal interface that supports speech and pen input. In addition to control commands (e.g. "take me to slide 10"), the system allows multimodal search over content collections. For example, if the user says "get me a slide about internet telephony," the system will present a ranked series of candidate slides that they can then select among using voice, pen, or a wireless remote. As presentations are loaded, their content is analyzed and language and understanding models are built dynamically. This approach frees the user from the constraints of linear order allowing for a more dynamic and responsive presentation style.
Responses of lipid membranes of taste sensor to astringent and pungent substances (1994)

Astringent substances and pungent substances were studied using a multichannel taste sensor with lipid membranes. The electric-potential pattern constructed of eight outputs from the membranes has information of taste quality and intensity. Pungent substances, such as capsaicin, piperine and allyl isothiocyanate, had no effect on the membrane potentials of the lipid membranes. On the other hand, astringent substances such as tannic acid, catechin, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid changed the potentials remarkably. A principal component analysis of the patterns in electric potential changes caused by the taste substances revealed the astringency is located between bitterness and sourness.
Autoscope: automated otoscopy image analysis to diagnose ear pathology and use of clinically motivated eardrum features (2017)

In this study, we propose an automated otoscopy image analysis system called Autoscope. To the best of our knowledge, Autoscope is the first system designed to detect a wide range of eardrum abnormalities by using high-resolution otoscope images and report the condition of the eardrum as “normal” or “abnormal.” In order to achieve this goal, first, we developed a preprocessing step to reduce camera-specific problems, detect the region of interest in the image, and prepare the image for further analysis. Subsequently, we designed a new set of clinically motivated eardrum features (CMEF). Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of the visual MPEG-7 descriptors for the task of tympanic membrane image classification. Then, we fused the information extracted from the CMEF and state-of-the-art computer vision features (CVF), which included MPEG-7 descriptors and two additional features together, using a state of the art classifier. In our experiments, 247 tympanic membrane images with 14 different types of abnormality were used, and Autoscope was able to classify the given tympanic membrane images as normal or abnormal with 84.6% accuracy.