gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Duty Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion Using a Cetane Improver (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Premixed compression ignition (PCI) strategies offer the potential for simultaneously low NO<sub>x</sub> and soot emissions and diesel-like efficiency. However, these strategies are generally confined to low loads due to difficulties controlling the combustion phasing and heat release rate. Recent experiments have demonstrated that dual-fuel reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion can improve PCI combustion control and expand the PCI load range. Previous studies have explored RCCI operation using port-fuel injection (PFI) of gasoline and direct-injection (DI) of diesel fuel. In this study, experiments are performed using a light-duty, single-cylinder research engine to investigate RCCI combustion using a single fuel with the addition of a cetane improver 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN). The fuel delivery strategy consists of port-fuel injection of E10 (i.e., 10% ethanol in gasoline) and direct-injection of E10 mixed with 3% EHN. The results using the E10+EHN strategy are compared to an E10+diesel dual-fuel strategy.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">It was found that the additized E10 blend performed similar to diesel fuel and was capable of achieving controlled PCI operation over a range of conditions. In contrast to previous low-temperature combustion studies using EHN, the present work shows that, since the EHN quantity is very low (~0.3% of the total fuel), the nitrogen in the fuel only results in a small increase in NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. Although NO<sub>x</sub> emissions of E10-EHN RCCI are slightly higher than E10-diesel RCCI, NO<sub>x</sub> levels are below 1 g/kW-hr over a range of loads. Similar to previous light-duty dual-fuel RCCI operation, the single-fuel E10-EHN RCCI strategy demonstrated a peak-indicated efficiency of near 50% at a mid-load (9 bar gross IMEP) operating condition.</div></div>
Overexpression of a Heterologous Thymidine Kinase Delays Apoptosis Induced by Factor Deprivation and Inhibitors of Deoxynucleotide Metabolism (1997)

Perturbing deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) metabolism with inhibitors of the de novo synthesis of dNTP causes apoptosis in the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent pre-B cell line BAF3. Under these conditions apoptosis is prevented when deoxyribonucleosides for dNTP synthesis are supplied in the culture medium. On the other hand, removal of IL-3 from cultures of BAF3 cells resulted in down-regulation of thymidine kinase activity, rapid imbalance in dNTP levels, and apoptosis. In this study we show that overexpression of a heterologous thymidine kinase, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK), in BAF3 cells protects these cells from apoptosis induced by either inhibitors of dNTP synthesis or IL-3 deprivation. This protection against apoptosis is abrogated by 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)-N2-phenylguanine, a specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus-1 TK. These results suggest that deoxyribonucleoside kinases, particularly TK, may be important in the regulation of apoptosis in hemopoietic cells.
Real-Time Inverse Kinematics of the Human Arm (1996)

A simple inverse kinematics procedure is proposed for a seven degree of freedom model of the human arm. Two schemes are used to provide an additional constraint leading to closed-form analytical equations with an upper bound of two or four solutions. Multiple solutions can be evaluated on the basis of their proximity from the rest angles or the previous configuration of the arm. Empirical results demonstrate that the procedure is well suited for real-time applications.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of anti‐TFPI antibody (concizumab) in healthy volunteers and patients with hemophilia: a randomized first human dose trial (2015)

Concizumab showed a favorable safety profile after i.v. or s.c. administration and nonlinear pharmacokinetics was observed due to target-mediated clearance. A concentration-dependent procoagulant effect of concizumab was observed, supporting further study into the potential use of s.c. concizumab for hemophilia treatment.
Mechanistic studies in photochemistry. 21. Photoextrusion of sulfur dioxide: general route to [2.2]cyclophanes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic studies in photochemistry. 21. Photoextrusion of sulfur dioxide: general route to [2.2]cyclophanesRichard S. Givens, Robert J. Olsen, and Philip L. WylieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 10, 1608–1613Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01324a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01324a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 0.7-to-3.5 GHz 0.6-to-2.8 mW Highly Digital Phase-Locked Loop With Bandwidth Tracking (2011)

A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) employs a linear proportional path, a double integral path, bandwidth and tuning range tracking; and a novel delta-sigma digital to analog converter to achieve low jitter, wide operating range and low power. The proposed proportional path decouples the detector quantization error and oscillator noise bandwidth tradeoff and helps maximize bandwidth to suppress digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) phase noise in a power efficient manner. A double integral path alleviates the tradeoff between DCO tuning range and its frequency quantization error. The high resolution of the DCO was maintained over a wide range of sampling clock frequencies by using a delta-sigma digital to analog converter and a continuously tunable switched-RC filter. Bandwidth and tuning range tracking are employed to achieve low jitter over the entire operating range. The prototype DPLL, fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process, operates from 0.7 GHz to 3.5 GHz. At 2.5 GHz, the proposed DPLL consumes only 1.6 mW power from a 1 V supply and achieves 1.6 ps and 11.6 ps of long-term r.m.s and peak jitter, respectively.
Improved micromorph tandem cell performance through enhanced top cell currents (2002)

Two approaches to increasing the current in the amorphous silicon top cell of an amorphous silicon/ microcrystalline silicon (a-Si:H//spl mu/c-Si:H) tandem cell are presented. Our goal is to raise the stabilized efficiency of such cells. The deposition of the amorphous top cell at higher than standard substrate temperature is shown to reduce the optical gap of the i-layer and to increase the current which is generated with a given i-layer thickness. Furthermore, a selectively reflecting ZnO interface layer between the component cells is presented as a viable tool for enhancing the current generation in the top cell by selective reflection of light. We present a micromorph tandem cell containing the amorphous top cell deposited at high substrate temperature, and additionally the ZnO mirror layer. A top cell thickness of 150 nm is shown to be sufficient to provide a current density of 13 mA/cm/sup 2/ in the top cell. Finally, the influence of such thin top cells on the stabilized efficiency of the tandem cell is investigated by experiment and by means of semi-empirical modeling. Model and experiment confirm that such reduced-gap top cells, together with current enhancement due to the mirror layer, have a high potential for improving the stabilized efficiency of micromorph tandem cells.
ENHANCE PERFORMANCE OF WEB PROXY CACHE CLUSTER USING CLOUD COMPUTING (2013)

Web caching is a crucial technology in Internet because it represents an effective means for reducing bandwidth demands, improving web server availability and reducing network latencies. However, Web cache cluster, which is a potent solution to enhance web cache system’s capability, still, has limited capacity and cannot handle tremendous high workload. Maximizing resource utilization and system capability is a very important problem in Web cache cluster. This problem cannot be solved efficiently by merely using load balancing strategies. Thus, along with the advent of cloud computing, we can use cloud based proxies to achieve outstanding performance and higher resource efficiency, compared to traditional Web proxy cache clusters. In this paper, we propose an architecture for cloud based Web proxy cache cluster (CBWPCC) and test the effectiveness of the proposed architecture, compared with traditional one in term of response time ,resource utilization using CloudSim tool.
Ethanol-to-butadiene: the reaction and its catalysts (2020)

Catalytic conversion of ethanol is a promising technology for producing sustainable butadiene. This paper reviews the reaction and its catalysts, and discusses the challenges their development faces.
Structure of the core oligosaccharide in the serotype O8 lipopolysaccharide from Klebsiella pneumoniae (1996)

Two classes of mutants with O-antigen-deficient lipopolysaccharides were isolated from the serotype O8 reference strain, belonging to Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae. These mutants were selected by resistance to bacteriophage KO1-2, which recognizes and lyses strains with lipopolysaccharide molecules containing the D-galactan II O antigen. Strain RFK-11 contains a defect in O-antigen synthesis and has a complete core, including the attachment site for O antigen. This mutation is complemented by a plasmid carrying the rfb (O-antigen biosynthesis) gene cluster from the related K. pneumoniae serotype O1. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the lipopolysaccharide from strain RFK-9 has a mobility typical of deep-rough lipopolysaccharide. RFK-9 lipopolysaccharide lacks the attachment site for O antigen. Lipopolysaccharides from strains RFK-9 and RFK-11 were isolated, and their structures were determined by methylation analyses, muclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. The deduced O8 core oligosaccharide includes the partial core structure reported for the K. pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae serotype O1 lipopolysaccharide (M. Süsskind, S. Müller-Leonnies, W. Nimmich, H. Brade, and O. Holst, Carbohydr. Res. 269:C1-7, 1995), consistent with the possibility of a conserved core structure within the species. The core oligosaccharide differs from those of the genera Salmonella and Escherichia by the absence of a hexose-containing outer core, the lack of phosphate residues in the inner core, and the presence of galacturonic acid residues.
Analysis of a man-in-the-middle attack on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol (2009)

Tutton salts have been extensively explored in recent decades due to their attractive physical and chemical properties, which make them potential candidates for thermochemical heat storage systems and optical technologies. In this paper, a series of new mixed Tutton salts with the chemical formula (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub> is reported. Crystals are successfully grown by the solvent slow evaporation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with Rietveld refinement. In particular, the crystal structure of the mixed (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub> crystal is solved through PRXD data using the DICVOL06 algorithm for diffraction pattern indexing and the Le Bail method for lattice parameter and spatial group determination. The structure is refined using the Rietveld method implemented in TOPAS® and reported in the Cambridge Structural Database file number 2104098. Moreover, a computational study using Hirshfeld surface and crystal void analyses is conducted to identify and quantify the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure as well as to determine the amount of free space in the unit cell. Furthermore, 2D-fingerprint plots are generated to evaluate the main intermolecular contacts that stabilize the crystal lattice. Density functional theory is employed to calculate the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of the coordination [Zn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> and [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> complexes present in the salts. Molecular orbitals, bond lengths, and the Jahn-Teller effect are also discussed. The findings suggest that in Mn-Zn salts several properties dependent on the electronic structure can be tuned up by modifying the chemical composition.
Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving film of antipsychotic drug aripiprazole (2012)

The oral route is the most preferred route, though preoral administration of drug has disadvantage like hepatic first pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the GI tract however trans mucosal routes of drug delivery ( i.e. Mucosal lining of nasal, rectal, vaginal, ocular, & oral cavities) offer distinct advantage over preoral administration because mucosa are permeable and well supplied with vascular and lymphatic drainage. Their other advantages include bypass of first pass effects and avoidance of pre-systematic elimination within GI tract. The present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of matrix type mouth dissolving films of Aripiprazole, prepared by solvent evaporation technique using Hydroxy propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) - 3 cps. The formulated films were evaluated for their physiochemical parameters like mouth dissolving time, surface pH, thickness & weight of the films, PMA, PML, folding endurance, taste, drug content, stability and in vitro bioequivalence. In vitro release studies were also performed in solutions of different pH. The mouth dissolving film was found to be bioequivalent to the conventional solid dosage form of Aripiprazole.
Paraoxonase 1 Activity and Survival in Sepsis Patients (2015)

The present study showed that although low PON1 activity and HDL-cholesterol levels were related to mortality, higher levels were not found to be as predictive as cytokine levels for survival.
Elliptic Spaces (1995)

In this chapter we shall put the theory of Sullivan models at work to prove non­trivial theorems in topology.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and CD36 synergize to mediate adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to cultured human microvascular endothelial cells. (1997)

We have compared the adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and have assessed the relative roles of the receptors CD36 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). HUVEC (a cell line that expresses high levels of ICAM-1 but no CD36) mediate low levels of adhesion, whereas HDMEC (which constitutively express CD36) mediate high levels of adhesion even before ICAM-1 induction ICAM-1 expression leads to yet greater levels of adhesion, which are inhibited both by anti-ICAM-1 and CD36 mAbs, despite no increase in the expression of CD36. The results indicate the presence of a substantial population of infected cells that require the presence of both receptors to establish adhesion. Synergy between these receptors could be demonstrated using a number of parasite lines, but it could not be predicted from the binding of these same parasite lines to purified ICAM-1 and CD36. This phenomenon could not be reproduced using either purified receptors presented on plastic, or formalin-fixed HDMEC, suggesting that receptor mobility is important. This is the first study to demonstrate receptor synergy in malaria cytoadherence to human endothelial cells, a phenomenon necessary for parasite survival and associated with disease severity.
Comparison of a Modified Atmosphere Stunning-Killing System to conventional electrical stunning and killing on selected broiler breast muscle rigor development and meat quality attributes (1998)

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of a 70:30 argon:carbon dioxide Modified Atmosphere Stun-Kill (MASK) system to both a low voltage (LV) and a high current (HC) electrical stunning and conventional killing system on broiler breast rigor development and meat quality. In Experiment 1, the effects on breast muscle pH and meat tenderness of the MASK system and the LV system were compared. In Experiment 2, the MASK system was compared to both HC and LV stunning for pH, R-value, C.I.E. L*, a*, b*, cooked yield, and tenderness of broiler breast meat. In Experiment 1, there were no significant differences in breast muscle pH between LV and MASK, except at 24 h. Only at 5 h post-mortem did the MASK system result in significantly tougher breast meat. In Experiment 2, there were no significant differences between treatments in breast muscle color or cooked yield at any sampling time. The breast muscle from birds subjected to the HC stun had consistently higher pH values until 5 h post-mortem, at which time the breast meat from birds subjected to the MASK system had higher pH. R-value data showed a similar trend, with the HC stunned birds having the lower R-values until 5 h post-mortem. Breast meat tenderness values for the three treatments were significantly different only at 3 and 5 h post-mortem, when birds stunned with HC had the highest shear values. The MASK system did not exhibit any rigor accelerating benefits when compared to LV stunning and conventional killing, and only minimal rigor acceleration when compared to HC killing.
Blood Flow Analysis for the Secondary Impeller of an IVAS Heart Pump (1997)

The rotodynamic heart pump (IVAS), designed by the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, includes a secondary flow path along the journal bearing, through a secondary impeller, and over the rotor outer surface. The flow behaviors of the blood through the journal bearing and the secondary impeller are investigated by a computational fluid dynamics method that solves the 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using a new solution algorithm. Results of the analyses include: 1) the blood flow patterns within the journal bearing, 2) the effect of the non-uniform bearing clearance on the flow patterns of the impeller cavity, 3) the flow patterns around a secondary impeller blade that include effects of tip clearance and the gap between the blade and the inner or outer side wall, 4) effects of the blade angles on the secondary impeller performance, and 5) the shear stress distribution.
The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway (2014)

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism. The PPP is important to maintain carbon homoeostasis, to provide precursors for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, to provide reducing molecules for anabolism, and to defeat oxidative stress. The PPP shares reactions with the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and Calvin cycle and divides into an oxidative and non-oxidative branch. The oxidative branch is highly active in most eukaryotes and converts glucose 6-phosphate into carbon dioxide, ribulose 5-phosphate and NADPH. The latter function is critical to maintain redox balance under stress situations, when cells proliferate rapidly, in ageing, and for the 'Warburg effect' of cancer cells. The non-oxidative branch instead is virtually ubiquitous, and metabolizes the glycolytic intermediates fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as well as sedoheptulose sugars, yielding ribose 5-phosphate for the synthesis of nucleic acids and sugar phosphate precursors for the synthesis of amino acids. Whereas the oxidative PPP is considered unidirectional, the non-oxidative branch can supply glycolysis with intermediates derived from ribose 5-phosphate and vice versa, depending on the biochemical demand. These functions require dynamic regulation of the PPP pathway that is achieved through hierarchical interactions between transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Consequently, the biochemistry and regulation of this pathway, while still unresolved in many cases, are archetypal for the dynamics of the metabolic network of the cell. In this comprehensive article we review seminal work that led to the discovery and description of the pathway that date back now for 80 years, and address recent results about genetic and metabolic mechanisms that regulate its activity. These biochemical principles are discussed in the context of PPP deficiencies causing metabolic disease and the role of this pathway in biotechnology, bacterial and parasite infections, neurons, stem cell potency and cancer metabolism.
Attitudes towards genetic research in psychiatry (2002)

Previous studies have suggested that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes are possible susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. We hypothesized that these genes are also associated with schizotypal traits, which are heritable and related to schizophrenia. We genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) from the COMT, PRODH and BDNF genes, and performed a series of association analyses between alleles, genotypes or haplotypes, and quantitative schizotypal trait scores derived from the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), in 465 Chinese healthy subjects. We found that 'years of education' was a major influence on seven out of nine schizotypal components, three schizotypal factors and the total SPQ scores. Molecular genetic analysis of COMT, PRODH and BDNF genes showed no significant effects of any variants on schizotypal components or factors of SPQ after correction for multiple testing, although there were weak association between COMT Val158Met (rs4680G/A) and the odd speech subscale (allele-wise, P = 0.04; genotype-wise, P = 0.049), between COMT Val158Met (rs4680G/A) and the suspiciousness subscale (genotype-wise, P = 0.024), and between BDNF Val66Met and the Factor 2 interpersonal measure (genotype-wise, P = 0.027) before correction. Furthermore, we found SNP Val158Met (rs4680) of the COMT gene significantly influenced the scores of some of schizotypal traits including total SPQ score, the disorganization factor and the constricted affect subscale in male subjects only. However, the effect was in the opposite direction of an earlier association with the SPQ reported by Avramopoulos et al. [Avramopoulos, D., Stefanis, N.C., Hantoumi, I., Smyrnis, N., Evdokimidis, I., Stefanis, C.N., 2002. Higher scores of self reported schizotypy in healthy young males carrying the COMT high activity allele. Molecular Psychiatry 7, 706–711]. We conclude that SNP Val158Met (rs4680) in the COMT gene may be associated with some schizotypal traits in male subjects, but our results are not conclusive.