gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bonding of Glass Microfluidic Chips at Room Temperatures (2004)

A simple, room-temperature bonding process was developed for the fabrication of glass microfluidic chips. High-quality bonding with high yields (>95%) was achieved without the requirement of clean room facilities, programmed high-temperature furnaces, pressurized water sources, adhesives, or pressurizing weights. The plates to be bonded were sequentially prewashed with acetone, detergent, high-flow-rate (10-20 m/s) tap water, and absolute ethyl alcohol and were soaked in concentrated sulfuric acid for 8-12 h. The plates were again washed in high-flow-rate tap water for 5 min and, finally, with demineralized water. The plates were bonded by bringing the cleaned surfaces into close contact under a continuous flow of demineralized water and air-dried at room temperature for more than 3 h. This bonding process features simple operation, good smoothness of the plate surface, and high bonding yield. The procedures can be readily applied in any routine laboratory. The bonding strength of glass chips thus produced, measured using a shear force testing procedure, was higher than 6 kg/cm(2). The mechanism for the strong bonding strength is presumably related to the formation of a hydrolyzed layer on the plate surfaces after soaking the substrates in acid or water for extended periods. Microfluidic chips bonded by the above procedure were tested in the CE separation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled amino acids.
Importance Sampling for the Simulation of Highly Reliable Markovian Systems (1994)

In this paper we investigate importance sampling techniques for the simulation of Markovian systems with highly reliable components. The need for simulation arises because the state space of such systems is typically huge, making numerical computation inefficient. Naive simulation is inefficient due to the rarity of the system failure events. Failure biasing is a useful importance sampling technique for the simulation of such systems. However, until now, this technique has been largely heuristic. We present a mathematical framework for the study of failure biasing. Using this framework we derive variance reduction results which explain the orders of magnitude of variance reduction obtained in practice. We show that in many cases the magnitude of the variance reduction is such that the relative errors of the estimates remain bounded as the failure rates of components tend to zero. We also prove that the failure biasing heuristic in its original form may not give bounded relative error for a large class of systems and that a modification of the heuristic works for the general case. The theoretical results in this paper agree with experiments on the subject which have been reported in a previous paper.
Fixed-point truncation arithmetic implementation of a linear prediction autocorrelation vocoder (1974)

The implementation of the Linear Prediction Auto-correlation Vocoder (LPAV) with fixed-point truncation arithmetic is presented. For a speech bandwidth of up to 3.3 kHz, it is possible to implement LPAV with a maximum of 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic, thus allowing for very efficient software simulation on minicomputers or economical hardware implementation on a special purpose computer. The resultant degradation with respect to a floating-point implementation is negligible. The three most critical system components are discussed in detail along with various tradeoffs such as effects on system stability as a function of preemphasis and sampling frequency. The results are also applicable to general finite word length digital filter implementation problems.
Simultaneous Recordings of Human Microsaccades and Drifts with a Contemporary Video Eye Tracker and the Search Coil Technique (2015)

Human eyes move continuously, even during visual fixation. These "fixational eye movements" (FEMs) include microsaccades, intersaccadic drift and oculomotor tremor. Research in human FEMs has grown considerably in the last decade, facilitated by the manufacture of noninvasive, high-resolution/speed video-oculography eye trackers. Due to the small magnitude of FEMs, obtaining reliable data can be challenging, however, and depends critically on the sensitivity and precision of the eye tracking system. Yet, no study has conducted an in-depth comparison of human FEM recordings obtained with the search coil (considered the gold standard for measuring microsaccades and drift) and with contemporary, state-of-the art video trackers. Here we measured human microsaccades and drift simultaneously with the search coil and a popular state-of-the-art video tracker. We found that 95% of microsaccades detected with the search coil were also detected with the video tracker, and 95% of microsaccades detected with video tracking were also detected with the search coil, indicating substantial agreement between the two systems. Peak/mean velocities and main sequence slopes of microsaccades detected with video tracking were significantly higher than those of the same microsaccades detected with the search coil, however. Ocular drift was significantly correlated between the two systems, but drift speeds were higher with video tracking than with the search coil. Overall, our combined results suggest that contemporary video tracking now approaches the search coil for measuring FEMs.
Optimizations in a private nursery-based garbage collector (2010)

This paper describes a garbage collector designed around the use of permanent, private, thread-local nurseries and is principally oriented towards functional languages. We try to maximize the cache hit rate by having threads continually reuse their individual private nurseries. These private nurseries operate in such a way that they can be garbage collected independently of other threads, which creates low collection pause times. Objects which survive thread-local collections are moved to a mature generation that can be collected either concurrently or in a stop-the-world fashion. We describe several optimizations (including two dynamic control parameter adaptation schemes) related to garbage collecting the private nurseries and to our concurrent collector, some of which are made possible when the language provides mutability information. We tested our collector against six benchmarks and saw single-threaded performance improvements in the range of 5-74%. We also saw a 10x increase (for 24 processors) in scalability for one parallel benchmark that had previously been memory-bound.
Polylactones 3. Copolymerization of glycolide with L, L-lactide and other lactones (1985)

Numerous copolymerizations of glycolide with β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone and ϵ-caprolactone were conducted either in bulk or in nitrobenzene solution at temperatures in the range of 20–150°C. Three classes of catalysts were used, namely acidic catalysts initiating cationic polymerizations, complexing catalysts operating via an insertion mechanism and true anionic catalysts. A summary of these already previously described results is presented in this work along with a detailed report on the copolymerization of glycolide and L, L-lactide. These two monomers were copolymerized in bulk at 100 or 150°C and twenty different catalysts were used in both series. The molar compositions of the resulting copolyesters were used in both series. The molar compositions of the resulting copolyesters were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The possibility of 13C NMR sequence analyses is discussed for all afore-mentioned copoly(lactone)s and also for L,L-lactide/ϵ-caprolactone copoly(ester)s. DSC measurements of the glycolide/L,L-lactide copolymers are discussed in connection with the NMR spectroscopic results. Furthermore, optical rotation measurements were conducted and it was found that the optical rotation of glycolide/L,L-lactide copolymers depends on their sequence.
Compact all-fiber add-drop-multiplexer using fiber Bragg gratings (1996)

A novel compact all-single-mode fiber add-drop-multiplexer for dense wavelength-division-multiplexing systems is demonstrated. The device consists of a polished fiber coupler with identical Bragg gratings within the interactive length. The multiplexer operation has been theoretically analyzed and calculated transmission and reflection spectra are given. A fabricated prototype device shows good performance, but suffers from a high-insertion loss of 7 dB, which is due to the long but imperfect coupling region and can be drastically reduced in principle. A return loss >30 dB, coupling efficiency=99%, and bandwidth at FWHM /spl Delta//spl lambda/=1.2 mn was measured.
Comparison and evaluation of different methodologies and tests for detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies on 889 Slovenian patients’ and blood donors’ sera (2011)

CLIFT 2 was selected as the primary test for use in combination with FARR-RIA. The use of CLIFT 2 reduced the number of sera that needed to be tested by FARR-RIA, the time needed to report the results, and environmental toxicity, cancerogenicity, and radioactivity.
An evaluation of high fidelity simulation using a human patient simulator in a new diploma in military medical care (2013)

Introduction The use of simulation in healthcare education has been extensively embraced over the past 20 years. It enables deliberate practice, and it allows immersion in learning tasks. It enables tasks to be structured in staged learning chunks, and provides a controlled environment in which it is safe to learn from errors. Objectives To evaluate the views of Irish Defence Force personnel participating in their first exposure to the Human Patient Simulator (HPS) in high fidelity simulation scenarios with respect to its relevance, applicability and acceptability as part of the Diploma in Military Medical Care. Method Following participation in scenarios using the HPS the trainees were then invited to complete a voluntary and anonymous evaluation of the training. They were asked to provide free text written comments to seven open-ended questions and rate ten statements on a seven-point Likert scale. Results The trainees' responses were overwhelmingly positive for their perceived value of the simulation training, relevance, spacing, teaching resources and level of the content. Conclusion On the basis of participants' judgment, this study has indicated that the use of the HPS in high fidelity simulation is relevant, applicable and acceptable to Irish Defence Force personnel.
HIV-1 infection (2000)

More than 33 million people were living with HIV by the end of 1998. According to UNAIDS estimates, 22.5 million of these were in Africa (67%), and 6.7 million in South and Southeast Asia (20%). Close to six million new infections are occurring each year, with 10% of these in children, the majority as a result of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (UNAIDS, 1998). An estimated one and a half to two million HIV-infected women will become pregnant each year, with 1600 children each day infected by mother-to-child transmission.
<title>Standard SAR ATR evaluation experiments using the MSTAR public release data set</title> (1998)

The recent public release of high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data collected by the DARPA/AFRL Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program has provided a unique opportunity to promote and assess progress in SAR ATR algorithm development. This paper will suggest general principles to follow and report on a specific ATR performance experiment using these principles and this data. The principles and experiments are motivated by AFRL experience with the evaluation of the MSTAR ATR.
Evidence for a second receptor binding site on human prolactin. (1994)

The existence of a second receptor binding site on human prolactin (hPRL) was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. First, 12 residues of helices 1 and 3 were mutated to alanine. Since none of the resulting mutants exhibit reduced bioactivity in the Nb2 cell proliferation bioassay, the mutated residues do not appear to be functionally necessary. Next, small residues surrounding the helix 1-helix 3 interface were replaced with Arg and/or Trp, the aim being to sterically hinder the second binding site. Several of these mutants exhibit only weak agonistic properties, supporting our hypothesis that the channel between helices 1 and 3 is involved in a second receptor binding site. We then analyzed the antagonistic and self-antagonistic properties of native hPRL and of several hPRLs analogs altered at binding site 1 or 2. Even at high concentrations (approximately 10 microM), no self-inhibition was observed with native hPRL; site 2 hPRL mutants self-antagonized while site 1 mutants did not. From these data, we propose a model of hPRL-PRL receptor interaction which slightly differs from that proposed earlier for the homologous human growth hormone (hGH) (Fuh, G., Cunningham, B. C., Fukunaga, R., Nagata, S., and Goeddel, D. V., and Well, J. A. (1992) Science 256, 1677-1680). Like hGH, hPRL would bind sequentially to two receptor molecules, first through site 1, then through site 2, but we would expect the two sites of hPRL to display, unlike the two binding sites of hGH, about the same binding affinity, thus preventing self-antagonism at high concentrations.
Fragment-based image completion (2003)

We present a new method for completing missing parts caused by the removal of foreground or background elements from an image. Our goal is to synthesize a complete, visually plausible and coherent image. The visible parts of the image serve as a training set to infer the unknown parts. Our method iteratively approximates the unknown regions and composites adaptive image fragments into the image. Values of an inverse matte are used to compute a confidence map and a level set that direct an incremental traversal within the unknown area from high to low confidence. In each step, guided by a fast smooth approximation, an image fragment is selected from the most similar and frequent examples. As the selected fragments are composited, their likelihood increases along with the mean confidence of the image, until reaching a complete image. We demonstrate our method by completion of photographs and paintings.
Novel Material Processing for Powder Surface. Reactive Ultra-Thin Film Coating on Powder by CVD of Cyclic Siloxane. (2001)

In the field of cosmetics, it is very important to investigate catalytic activities of powders, which may degrade the quality of products, such as foundations, lipsticks, and blushers. Inactivation of the powders is indispensable in the preparation of high quality cosmetics. We have developed a novel method for producing functional powders in a two-step method; (1) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (H-4), and (2) hydrosilylation. After the H-4/CVD process, it was found that the H-4 molecules deposited on powders formed a network structure of polymethylsiloxane (PMS), which seems to have been caused by catalytic activities of the powders, as shown by the following reaction; 2 >Si-H + H2O → >Si-O-Si< + H2 The thickness of PMS film on the powder surface was estimated to be less than 1 nm, which corresponds to a mono- or bimolecular layer. In spite of their small thickness, the catalytic activity of PMS-powders was totally eliminated. In the second step, various functional groups could be added to the PMS film by the following reaction; >Si-H + CH2=CHR → >SiCH2CH2R (R: functional group) Introduction of several different functional groups, for example, alkyl, hydroxyl, and quaternary ammonium groups was attempted, and applied to novel powders for cosmetics and novel columns for high performance liquid chromatography.
Multi-objective Optimization for Materials Discovery via Adaptive Design (2018)

Guiding experiments to find materials with targeted properties is a crucial aspect of materials discovery and design, and typically multiple properties, which often compete, are involved. In the case of two properties, new compounds are sought that will provide improvement to existing data points lying on the Pareto front (PF) in as few experiments or calculations as possible. Here we address this problem by using the concept and methods of optimal learning to determine their suitability and performance on three materials data sets; an experimental data set of over 100 shape memory alloys, a data set of 223 M<sub>2</sub>AX phases obtained from density functional theory calculations, and a computational data set of 704 piezoelectric compounds. We show that the Maximin and Centroid design strategies, based on value of information criteria, are more efficient in determining points on the PF from the data than random selection, pure exploitation of the surrogate model prediction or pure exploration by maximum uncertainty from the learning model. Although the datasets varied in size and source, the Maximin algorithm showed superior performance across all the data sets, particularly when the accuracy of the machine learning model fits were not high, emphasizing that the design appears to be quite forgiving of relatively poor surrogate models.
No room for error: RFID-enabled smart point-of-care medication process in hospital wards (2011)

This paper proposes a framework and prototype for RFID-enabled mobile smart point-of-care medication process to prevent potential errors in hospital wards. RFID tags are attached to resources in healthcare environment such as human (caregiver and inpatient) and materials (drug, drug drawer, and medication chest). These resources can therefore be detected automatically without human intervention, greatly eliminating the possibility of error. Beyond that, point-of-care medication processes can be supervised at multi-level by adopting services provided by this prototype, just in case of mistakes. Any discrepancy will be alarmed by sound and arresting messages. The point-of-care medication process can't be executed until the discrepancy is annihilated or eradicated. Consequently, the inpatient safety can be guaranteed. It is the vital value in healthcare.
Romidepsin (FK228) regulates the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 and suppresses cellular immune functions in colon cancer (2020)

Romidepsin (FK228), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has anti-tumor effects against several types of solid tumors. Studies have suggested that HDACi could upregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and change the state of anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. However, the influence of enhanced PD-L1 expression in tumor cells induced by romidepsin on anti-tumor immune responses is still under debate. So, the purpose of this study was to explore the anti-tumor effects and influence on immune responses of romidepsin in colon cancer. The results indicated that romidepsin inhibited proliferation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in CT26 and MC38 cells. Romidepsin treatment increased PD-L1 expression in vivo and in vitro via increasing the acetylation levels of histones H3 and H4 and regulating the transcription factor BRD4. In subcutaneous transplant tumor mice and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mice, romidepsin increased the percentage of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), decreased the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells and the percentage of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment. Upon combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody, the anti-tumor effects of romidepsin were enhanced and the influence on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was partially reversed. Therefore, the combination of romidepsin and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy provides a more potential treatment for colon cancer.
GemOx (Gemcitabine + Oxaliplatin) versus Gem (Gemcitabine) in non resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma : final results of the GERCOR /GISCAD Intergroup Phase III (2004)

4008 Background: The combination of gemcitabine 1 g/m2 as a 100 min infusion (10 mg/m2/mn) D1 and oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 in 2h infusion D2 (GemOx) every two weeks showed interesting results in a multicenter phase II study (Louvet et al, JCO 2002) and was thus further explored in a phase III randomised study. Methods: Patients were stratified according to center, performance status and type of disease (locally-advanced (LA) versus metastatic (M)) and were randomly assigned to GemOx or standard treatment with gemcitabine alone (1 g/m2 in a 30 min infusion weekly). 300 patients were needed to demonstrate an absolute improvement of 20% in 8-month survival (30% to 50%). Results: 326 patients have been enrolled; 13 were non eligible, 156 were allocated to Gem arm and 157 to GemOx. Preliminary results presented last year (Louvet, ASCO 2003) were actualized and confirm a significant improvement for the GemOx arm in response rate (28.7% vs 16.7%, p = 0.02), median progression free survival (5.5 months vs 3.7, p = 0.04), and clinical benefit (38.9% vs 29.2%, p = 0.05), with a good tolerability of the GemOx combination. Final analysis (March 04) has shown median overall survival of 7.1 months (Gem) and of 9.0 months (Gemox), respectively (p = 0.13, HR 1.20 [.95 - 1.54]). The 8-month survival probability was 45% in the Gem arm and 56% in the Gemox arm. For LA pts (30% of total enrolled), median survivals were identical (10.3 months) in both arm, while for M pts (70%), median survival was 6.7 months (Gem) arm and 8.5 months (Gemox), respectively (p = 0.17; HR 1.21 [.91 - 1.63]. A second-line chemotherapy was administered in 53.4% of the Gem pts (mainly platin-based) and in 52.3% of the Gemox pts (miscellaneous). Conclusion: Gemox achieved significantly better results than Gem in terms of RR, clinical benefit and PFS, but the difference did not reach the significant level for OS. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Sanofi-Synthelabo Sanofi-Synthelabo
S&H circuits for fast AD converters (2002)

The paper describes the basic theoretical properties of the exponential-hold circuit, compared to the zero order hold and based on a previously published paper (Pichler and Skritek, 1980), which gave an extensive survey of the more common zero-order hold, a comparison of the relevant features of these circuits-now concentrating on the new calculations concerning the exponential hold-is given. With respect to the realization in semiconductor technologies, the limitations of the different S&H structures will be demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complementation of the UV-sensitive phenotype of a xeroderma pigmentosum human cell line by transfection with a cDNA clone library. (1987)

In previous work, a xeroderma pigmentosum cell line belonging to complementation group C was established by transformation with origin-defective simian virus 40. We now report the complementation of the UV sensitivity of this cell line by gene transfer. A human cDNA clone library constructed in a mammalian expression vector, and itself incorporated in a lambda phage vector, was introduced into the cells as a calcium phosphate precipitate. Following selection to G418 resistance, provided by the neo gene of the vector, transformants were selected for UV resistance. Twenty-one cell clones were obtained with UV-resistance levels typical of normal human fibroblasts. All transformants contained vector DNA sequences in their nuclei. Upon further propagation in the absence of selection for G418 resistance, about half of the primary transformants remained UV-resistant. Secondary transformants were generated by transfection with a partial digest of total chromosomal DNA from one of these stable transformants. This resulted in 15 G418-resistant clones, 2 of which exhibited a UV-resistant phenotype. The other primary clones lost UV resistance rapidly when subcultured in the absence of G418. Importantly, several retained UV resistance under G418 selection pressure. The acquisition of UV resistance by secondary transformants derived by transfection of DNA from a stable primary transformant, and the linkage between G418 and UV resistances in the unstable primary transformants, strongly suggests that the transformants acquired UV resistance through DNA-mediated gene transfer and not by reversion.