gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-reversed waves and super-resolution (2009)

Time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) refocus an incident wavefield to the position of the original source regardless of the complexity of the propagation medium. TRMs have now been implemented in a variety of physical scenarios from GHz microwaves to MHz ultrasonics and to hundreds of Hz in ocean acoustics. Common to this broad range of scales is a remarkable robustness exemplified by observations at all scales that the more complex the medium (random or chaotic), the sharper the focus. A TRM acts as an antenna that uses complex environments to appear wider than it is, resulting for a broadband pulse, in a refocusing quality that does not depend on the TRM aperture. Moreover, when the complex environment is located in the near field of the source, time-reversal focusing opens completely new approaches to super-resolution. We will show that, for a broadband source located inside a random metamaterial, a TRM located in the far field radiated a time-reversed wave that interacts with the random medium to regenerate not only the propagating but also the evanescent waves required to refocus below the diffraction limit. This focusing process is very different from that developed with superlenses made of negative index material only valid for narrowband signals. We will emphasize the role of the frequency diversity in time-reversal focusing.
Using a Resequencing Microarray as a Multiple Respiratory Pathogen Detection Assay (2006)

Simultaneous testing for detection of infectious pathogens that cause similar symptoms (e.g., acute respiratory infections) is invaluable for patient treatment, outbreak prevention, and efficient use of antibiotic and antiviral agents. In addition, such testing may provide information regarding possible coinfections or induced secondary infections, such as virally induced bacterial infections. Furthermore, in many cases, detection of a pathogen requires more than genus/species-level resolution, since harmful agents (e.g., avian influenza virus) are grouped with other, relatively benign common agents, and for every pathogen, finer resolution is useful to allow tracking of the location and nature of mutations leading to strain variations. In this study, a previously developed resequencing microarray that has been demonstrated to have these capabilities was further developed to provide individual detection sensitivity ranging from 10(1) to 10(3) genomic copies for more than 26 respiratory pathogens while still retaining the ability to detect and differentiate between close genetic neighbors. In addition, the study demonstrated that this system allows unambiguous and reproducible sequence-based strain identification of the mixed pathogens. Successful proof-of-concept experiments using clinical specimens show that this approach is potentially very useful for both diagnostics and epidemic surveillance.
Automatically Extracting Subroutine Summary Descriptions from Unstructured Comments (2020)

Summary descriptions of subroutines are short (usually one-sentence) natural language explanations of a subroutine's behavior and purpose in a program. These summaries are ubiquitous in documentation, and many tools such as JavaDocs and Doxygen generate documentation built around them. And yet, extracting summaries from unstructured source code repositories remains a difficult research problem - it is very difficult to generate clean structured documentation unless the summaries are annotated by programmers. This becomes a problem in large repositories of legacy code, since it is cost prohibitive to retroactively annotate summaries in dozens or hundreds of old programs. Likewise, it is a problem for creators of automatic documentation generation algorithms, since these algorithms usually must learn from large annotated datasets, which do not exist for many programming languages. In this paper, we present a semi-automated approach via crowdsourcing and a fully-automated approach for annotating summaries from unstructured code comments. We present experiments validating the approaches, and provide recommendations and cost estimates for automatically annotating large repositories.
Androgen Increases AT1a Receptor Expression in Abdominal Aortas to Promote Angiotensin II–Induced AAAs in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2008)

Androgen promotes AT1aR mRNA abundance in abdominal aortas associated with increased Ang II-induced AAAs.
Biological and pharmacological activity of higher fungi: 20-year retrospective analysis (2006)

EID:2-s2.0-33846224803
Effects of ground plane on the performance of multipath mitigating antennas for GNSS (2010)

Effects of different types of ground planes on the multipath mitigation and cross polarisation performance of a planar GNSS (L1 band) antenna have been investigated and presented. Simulations are done for circular patch antenna mounted on different types of ground planes including a finite metal disc ground plane, metallic cup and choke ring. Co-polar and cross polar radiation patterns are plotted for performance comparison. In addition to this, a novel technique is suggested to reduce the height of a choke ring antenna.
Naked-Eye Detection of Phosphate Ions in Water at Physiological pH: A Remarkably Selective and Easy-To-Assemble Colorimetric Phosphate-Sensing Probe (2002)

Mit bloßem Auge sichtbar ist der Farbumschlag, den Phosphationen bei Zugabe zu einer wässrigen Lösung von Hbpmp (2,6-Bis(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)-4-methylphenol), Zinkperchlorat und Brenzcatechinviolett (Molverhältnis 1:2:1) auslösen. Auf dem Photo sind neben einer Kontrolle ohne Anionen (links) Lösungen zu sehen, die Phosphationen (gelbe Lösung) oder verschiedene andere anorganische Anionen enthalten.
Immunosuppression in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients (2015)

Sang-il Min, M.D., Ahram Han, M.D., Chanjoong Choi, M.D., Song Yi Kim, M.D., Hee Gyung Kang, M.D., Il Soo Ha, M.D. and Jongwon Ha, M.D.. J Korean Soc Transplant 2015;29:1-8. https://doi.org/10.4285/jkstn.2015.29.1.1
Spatial Intercell Interference Cancellation with CSI Training and\n Feedback (2011)

We investigate intercell interference cancellation (ICIC) with a practical\ndownlink training and uplink channel state information (CSI) feedback model.\nThe average downlink throughput for such a 2-cell network is derived. The user\nlocation has a strong effect on the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and the\nchannel estimation error. This motivates adaptively switching between\ntraditional (single-cell) beamforming and ICIC at low signal-to-noise ratio\n(SNR) where ICIC is preferred only with low SIR and accurate channel\nestimation, and the use of ICIC with optimized training and feedback at high\nSNR. For a given channel coherence time and fixed training and feedback\noverheads, we develop optimal data vs. pilot power allocation for CSI training\nas well as optimal feedback resource allocation to feed back CSI of different\nchannels. Both analog and finite-rate digital feedback are considered. With\nanalog feedback, the training power optimization provides a more significant\nperformance gain than feedback optimization; while conversely for digital\nfeedback, performance is more sensitive to the feedback bit allocation than the\ntraining power optimization. We show that even with low-rate feedback and\nstandard training, ICIC can transform an interference-limited cellular network\ninto a noise-limited one.\n
What Causes Racial Disparities in Very Preterm Birth? A Biosocial Perspective (2009)

Very preterm birth (<32 weeks' gestation) occurs in approximately 2% of livebirths but is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the United States. African-American women have a 2-fold to 3-fold elevated risk compared with non-Hispanic white women for reasons that are incompletely understood. This paper reviews the evidence for the biologic and social patterning of very preterm birth, with attention to leading hypotheses regarding the etiology of the racial disparity. A systematic review of the literature in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE indices was conducted. The literature to date suggests a complex, multifactorial causal framework for understanding racial disparities in very preterm birth, with maternal inflammatory, vascular, or neuroendocrine dysfunction as proximal pathways and maternal exposure to stress, racial differences in preconceptional health, and genetic, epigenetic, and gene-environment interactions as more distal mediators. Interpersonal and institutionalized racism are mechanisms that may drive racially patterned differences. Current literature is limited in that research on social determinants and biologic processes of prematurity has been generally disconnected. Improved etiologic understanding and the potential for effective intervention may come with better integration of these research approaches.
Rapid prototyping technologies for ultrasonic beam focussing in NDE (2011)

This paper describes a technique where ultrasonic beam-modifying elements (acoustic lenses) have been designed in CAD, and then fabricated using rapid-prototyping techniques. An example of such a lens (resembling a miniature Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope) has been fabricated, and has been successfully used with a standard, commercially available ultrasonic transducer for imaging. Examples of images taken of a coin are given. Details of the design, build, performance and analysis of this focusing system are described.
Optimised padlock probe ligation and microarray detection of multiple (non-authorised) GMOs in a single reaction (2008)

Compared to currently available methods this is a significant step forward towards multiplex detection in complex raw materials and derived products. It is shown that the PPLMD approach is suitable for large-scale detection of GMOs in real-life samples and provides the possibility to detect and/or identify NAGs that would otherwise remain undetected.
The sense behind retroviral anti-sense transcription (2017)

Retroviruses are known to rely extensively on the expression of viral proteins from the sense proviral genomic strand. Yet, the production of regulatory retroviral proteins from antisense-encoded viral genes is gaining research attention, due to their clinical significance. This report will discuss what is known about antisense transcription in Retroviridae, and provide new information about antisense transcriptional regulation through a comparison of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus (HTLV-1) and endogenous retrovirus-K (ERVK) long terminal repeats (LTRs). We will attempt to demonstrate that the potential for antisense transcription is more widespread within retroviruses than has been previously appreciated, with this feature being the rule, rather than the exception.
Influence of age and sex on serum concentrations of total dimeric activin A (1998)

Several studies have shown that activin A is secreted in substantial amounts into the systemic circulation. The changes that occur during menstrual cycle and pregnancy suggest a correlation with reproductive function. At present, however, no definitive evidence has confirmed this pattern throughout adult life; moreover, neither the origin nor the physiological implications of this circulating growth factor have been clearly defined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether circulating concentrations of activin A change in adult men and women according to age and sex, and to examine the possible correlation with serum concentrations of FSH. Total dimeric activin A was measured using a specific two-site enzyme immunoassay in serum specimens collected from a cohort of normal individuals enrolled in an epidemiological survey. A group of men (n = 106) and one of women (n=151) were subdivided into six age groups (20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70 and 70-90 years). In a small group of 8 men and 11 women, serum concentrations of activin A were evaluated twice, in specimens collected at an interval of 10 years. Serum FSH concentrations were also measured in all specimens. Serum concentrations of activin A were not significantly different in men and women and showed an age-related progressive increase between 20 and 50 years of age (P<0.01, those aged 40-50 compared with those aged 20-30 years). After the age of 50 years, activin A concentrations remained in the same range of values in women, whereas they increased significantly in men, reaching peak values between 70 and 90 years (P<0.01 compared with the group aged between 20 and 50 years). From the age of 50 years, activin A concentrations were significantly greater in men compared with those in women in the corresponding age groups (P<0.001). Activin A concentrations correlated with age in men, but not in women. No significant correlation between concentrations of activin A and FSH was found in either sex. Activin A concentrations in specimens collected 10 years apart showed an increase in seven of eight men, but not in women. Finally, no significant variations of activin A concentrations were observed when fertile and postmenopausal women were compared. The present data indicate that circulating concentrations of activin A vary according to age; furthermore, men older than 50 years have greater concentrations than women. These changes, which occur irrespectively of FSH concentrations, indicate that circulating activin A is not a hormone of the reproductive axis.
Phytophthora Rot of Soybean (2000)

Phytophthora root and stem rot may cause plant stand losses and complete yield reductions in very susceptible soybean cultivars. The severity of losses depends on cultivar susceptibility, rainfall, soil type, tillage, and compaction. Soybean is the only important host of the causal fungus. Integrated control, which combines high tolerance, improved drainage, and tillage, is as effective as resistance or fungicides in most soil environments. Posted 1 June 2000.
Infectious Mononucleosis (2010)

A 16-year-old, previously healthy girl presents with a several-day history of fever, sore throat, and malaise. She appears very tired and has a temperature of 39°C. A physical examination is remarkable for diffuse pharyngeal erythema with moderately enlarged tonsils and the presence of several enlarged, tender anterior and posterior cervical lymph nodes. How should this case be managed?
<i>In Vitro</i> 2-Deoxy-2-[ <sup>18</sup> F]Fluoro-D-Glucose Uptake: Practical Considerations (2012)

In oncology 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG), a glucose analogue, is the most used positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. There are however some limitations due to low metabolic activity or high surrounding physiological uptake in several tumors or regions. Investigating new tracers or methods is expensive and elaborative when animal experiments or phase I clinical trials are used. In vitro experiments can overcome these limitations. We analyzed the influence of incubation time, cell medium conditions, administered activity, and cell density on [(18)F]-FDG uptake in six different cell cultures. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)- and hexokinase 2 (HK2)-expression at high and low cell density was analyzed using immunocytochemistry. FDG-uptake increases over time and absence of glucose in the incubation medium increases uptake. By increasing the administered activity, uptake per protein also increases and tracer uptake per protein is lower at higher cell densities. Immunocytochemical analysis reveals a lower expression of both GLUT1 and HK2 at higher cell concentrations. All investigated parameters influenced FDG uptake and therefore we can conclude it is of utmost importance to keep administered activity, incubation medium, and time constant and to correct uptake when cell density changes due to environmental conditions, such as therapy.
Grief-Stricken in a Crowd: The Language of Bereavement and Distress in Social Media (2021)

People turn to social media to express their emotions surrounding major life events. Death of a loved one is one scenario in which people share their feelings in the semi-public space of social networking sites. In this paper, we present the results of a two-part investigation of grief and distress in the context of messages posted to the profiles of deceased MySpace users. We present coding system for identifying emotion distressed content, followed by a detailed analysis of language use that lays a foundation for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as automatic detection of bereavement-related distress. Our findings suggest that in addition to words bearing positive or negative sentiment, linguistic style can be an indicator of messages that demonstrate distress in the space of post-mortem social media content. These results contribute to research in computational linguistics by identifying linguistic features that can be used for automatic classification as well as to research on death and bereavement by enumerating attributes of distressed self-expression in a post-mortem context.
Distributed representations of tuples for entity resolution (2018)

Despite the efforts in 70+ years in all aspects of entity resolution (ER), there is still a high demand for democratizing ER - by reducing the heavy human involvement in labeling data, performing feature engineering, tuning parameters, and defining blocking functions. With the recent advances in deep learning, in particular distributed representations of words (a.k.a. word embeddings), we present a novel ER system, called DeepER, that achieves good accuracy, high efficiency, as well as ease-of-use (i.e., much less human efforts). We use sophisticated composition methods, namely uni- and bi-directional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with long short term memory (LSTM) hidden units, to convert each tuple to a distributed representation (i.e., a vector), which can in turn be used to effectively capture similarities between tuples. We consider both the case where pre-trained word embeddings are available as well the case where they are not; we present ways to learn and tune the distributed representations that are customized for a specific ER task under different scenarios. We propose a locality sensitive hashing (LSH) based blocking approach that takes all attributes of a tuple into consideration and produces much smaller blocks, compared with traditional methods that consider only a few attributes. We evaluate our algorithms on multiple datasets (including benchmarks, biomedical data, as well as multi-lingual data) and the extensive experimental results show that DeepER outperforms existing solutions.
Comparison of the effects of nefopam and tramadol on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (2017)

Relieving perioperative pain can reduce postoperative suffering and improve recovery from anaesthesia in animals. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of nefopam and tramadol in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four adult mixed-breed female dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8) and received their respective treatments immediately after surgery: Group T (2 mg/kg tramadol, i.v.), Group C (1 mg/kg nefopam, i.v.) and Group D (2 mg/kg nefopam, i.v.). The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and the level of analgesia was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). The CMPS-SF was performed at least two days before premedication (baseline), every 2 h for the first 8 h (post-extubation), at 12 h and at 24 h. Results showed that the HR in all groups was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 2 and 6 h than at baseline. The RR in Group T was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 0 and 2 h than at baseline. Rescue analgesia (0.2 mg/kg morphine, i.v.) was provided if CMPS-SF pain scores greater than or equal to six. Four dogs required rescue analgesia: one dog in Group T at 2 h and three dogs in Group C at 2 and 6 h. No dogs in Group D required rescue analgesia. The CMPS-SF pain scores of dogs in Group C were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in Group T at 6, 8 and 12 h. The scores in Group D were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in Group C at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h. The scores in Group D were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in Group T at 2 and 4 h. However, the scores in Group D were not significantly different compared with Group T. In conclusion, this study suggests that nefopam at 2 mg/kg i.v. produces better postoperative analgesia compared with tramadol at 2 mg/kg i.v. or nefopam at 1 mg/kg i.v. in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Contribution of Gibberellins to the Formation of Arabidopsis Seed Coat Through Starch Degradation (2005)

To clarify the role of gibberellins in the seed development of Arabidopsis, we investigated the sites where gibberellins are synthesized and induce alpha-amylase genes. The spatial and temporal expression of the genes encoding gibberellin biosynthetic enzymes and alpha-amylases was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. The mRNAs of AtGA20ox2, AtGA20ox3 and AtGA3ox4 began to be detectable 5-7 d after pollination. In situ hybridization showed that these genes were expressed almost simultaneously around starch granules in the outer integument, preceding the disappearance of those granules. AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox4 but not AtGA20ox3 also showed their signals at the rim of the developing embryo. The alpha-amylase gene, Amy3, which responded to gibberellin, was mainly expressed in the developing seed, spatially overlapping with the expression of AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox4. These results suggest that gibberellins function in at least two sites of the seed: the outer integument and part of the embryo. We examined the phenotypes of a T-DNA insertion line of AtGA3ox4 and observed the following: (i) a decrease of alpha-amylase gene transcripts in young siliques; (ii) delay of starch degradation in the outer integument; (iii) disarrangement of the seed surface structure; and (iv) abnormal swelling pattern of polysaccharides after imbibition by the mature seed. These characteristics are phenotypes of plants under gibberellin starvation, because the abnormalities could be almost overcome with applied gibberellin, and the gibberellin-treated mutant was indistinguishable from the wild type. These results strongly suggest that gibberellins in the outer integument would be required for the normal formation of the Arabidopsis seed coat.
Mechanism of thrombin-induced vasodilation in human coronary arterioles (2003)

Thrombin (Thromb), activated as part of the clotting cascade, dilates conduit arteries through an endothelial pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G-protein receptor and releases nitric oxide (NO). Thromb also acts on downstream microvessels. Therefore, we examined whether Thromb dilates human coronary arterioles (HCA). HCA from right atrial appendages were constricted by 30-50% with endothelin-1. Dilation to Thromb (10(-4)-1 U/ml) was assessed before and after inhibitors with videomicroscopy. There was no tachyphylaxis to Thromb dilation (maximum dilation = 87.0%, ED(50) = 1.49 x 10(-2)). Dilation to Thromb was abolished with either hirudin or denudation but was not affected by PTX. Neither N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (n = 7), indomethacin (n = 9), (1)H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (n = 6), tetraethylammonium chloride (n = 5), nor iberiotoxin (n = 4) reduced dilation to Thromb. However, KCl (maximum dilation = 89 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 10%; P < 0.05; n = 7), tetrabutylammonium chloride (maximum dilation = 79 +/- 7 vs. 21 +/- 4%; P < 0.05; n = 5), and charybdotoxin (maximum dilation = 89 +/- 4 vs. 10 +/- 2%; P < 0.05; n = 4) attenuated dilation to Thromb. In contrast to animal models, Thromb-induced dilation in human arterioles is independent of G(i)-protein activation and NO release. However, Thromb dilation is endothelium dependent, is maintained on consecutive applications, and involves activation of K(+) channels. We speculate that an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributes to Thromb-induced dilation in HCA.