gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mechanism Design Approach for Coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads with User Preferences. (2015)

This paper focuses on the coordination of a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) with unknown parameters to achieve group objectives. The problem involves designing the device bidding and market clearing strategies to motivate self-interested users to realize efficient energy allocation subject to a peak energy constraint. This coordination problem is formulated as a mechanism design problem, and we propose a mechanism to implement the social choice function in dominant strategy equilibrium. The proposed mechanism consists of a novel bidding and clearing strategy that incorporates the internal dynamics of TCLs in the market mechanism design, and we show it can realize the team optimal solution. A learning scheme is proposed to address the unknown load model parameters. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed coordination framework.
Absolute Quantification of Specific Proteins in Complex Mixtures Using Visible Isotope-Coded Affinity Tags (2007)

There is intense interest in determining the absolute abundance of specific proteins in complex mixtures, for example in the area of disease biomarker discovery. We have developed a set of protein-tagging reagents called visible isotope-coded affinity tags (VICAT reagents) that contain a protein-tagging reagent for reaction with cysteine SH groups, a visible probe for monitoring the chromatographic behavior of the target peptides, a photo-releasable biotin affinity tag for selective capture and release of tagged peptides, and a heavy isotope tag for differentiating analyte from internal standards. These reagents are used together with isoelectric focusing and reverse-phase microbore chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry to determine the absolute abundance of a set of target proteins in a complex mixture, such as a cell lysate. VICAT reagents should also be useful for detecting low abundance proteins in biological fluids such as serum, and for the detection of posttranslational protein modifications and different splice variants.
Collection-Based Persistent Digital Archives - Part 2 (2000)

Collection-Based Persistent Digital Archives: Part 2 describes the creation of a one million message persistent E-mail collection. It discusses the four major components of a persistent archive system: support for ingestion, archival storage, information discovery, and presentation of the collection. The technology to support each of these processes is still rapidly evolving, and opportunities for further research are identified. 1. Collection Support, General Requirements Persistent archives can be characterized by two phases, the archiving of the collection, and the retrieval or instantiation of the collection onto new technology. The processes used to ingest a collection, transform it into an infrastructure independent form, and store the collection in an archive comprise the persistent storage steps of a persistent archive. The processes used to recreate the collection on new technology, optimize the database, and recreate the user interface comprise the retrieval steps of a persistent archive. The two phases form a cycle that can be used for migrating data collections onto new infrastructure as technology evolves. The technology changes can occur at the system-level where archive, file, compute and database software evolves, or at the information model level where formats, programming languages and practices change.
Use of Thermochemical Recuperation in Combustion Turbine Power Systems (1997)

The performance and practicality of heavy duty combustion turbine power systems incorporating thermochemical recuperation (TCR) of natural gas has been estimated to assess the potential merits of this technology. Process models of TCR combustion turbine power systems based on the Westinghouse 501F combustion turbine were developed to conduct the performance evaluation. Two TCR schemes were assessed — Steam-TCR and Flue Gas-TCR. Compared to conventional combustion turbine power cycles, the TCR power cycles show the potential for significant plant heat rate improvements, but their practicality is an issue. Significant development remains to verify and commercialize TCR for combustion turbine power systems.
PEGylated Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: Thermophysical and Electrochemical Properties (2010)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of imidazolium iodide ionic liquids (ILs) containing monomethoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), and n-alkyl groups. These PEGylated ILs contain 7, 12, or 16 ethylene glycol units in the side chains, and are designed as potential electrolytes for energy conversion and storage devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells, supercapacitors, and Li ion batteries. The thermophysical (density, viscosity, and the temperatures of glass-transition, crystallization and melting) and electrochemical (nonfaradaic window, and capacitor leakage resistance) properties of the ILs, that are critical to these targeted applications, are studied using an array of techniques. 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ILs are synthesized and characterized in parallel with the PEGylated ILs, to compare how the electrolyte properties of the two systems are affected by their detailed molecular structures, and especially by the ether oxygen atoms. The mPEG side chains show strong intramolecular interactions with the imidazolium ring, weakening Coulombic interactions between the imidazolium cation and the iodide anion. The PEGylated ILs, therefore, exhibit conductivities of the order of 0.1 mS cm−1 (25 °C) despite their relatively high viscosities, and support a temperature-independent electrochemical window of about 2 V, demonstrating their suitability for extended temperature applications.
Photoprotection by Topical DMA Repair Enzymes: Molecular Correlates of Clinical Studies (1999)

A new approach to photoprotection is to repair DNA damage after UV exposure. This can be accomplished by delivery of a DNA repair enzyme with specificity to UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers into skin by means of specially engineered liposomes. Treatment of DNA-repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum patients or skin cancer patients with T4N5 liposome lotion containing such DNA repair liposomes increases the removal of DNA damage in the first few hours after treatment. In these studies, a DNA repair effect was observed in some patients treated with heat-inactivated enzyme. Unexpectedly, it was discovered that the heat-inactivated T4 endonuclease V enzyme refolds and recovers enzymatic activity. These studies demonstrate that measurements of molecular changes induced by biological drugs are useful adjuvants to clinical studies.
Biocontainment of Engineered <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942 for Photosynthetic Production of α-Farnesene from CO<sub>2</sub> (2021)

Biocontainment systems have been developed to mitigate the concerns regarding biosafety and environmental risk because of the possible escape of genetically modified organisms into the environment following large-scale outdoor cultivation. Here, we present a biocontainment system entailing genetically modified <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942, also engineered for α-farnesene production using a de-evolutionary strategy. In this approach, the gene cluster encoding the β-carboxysome and the associated carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) were deleted in the α-farnesene-producing cyanobacteria, resulting in no cell growth and no α-farnesene production at ambient CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (100% air bubbling). However, cell growth and α-farnesene production were detected in the CCM-deficient strains at high CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (5% CO<sub>2</sub> [v/v], 10% CO<sub>2</sub> [v/v]), albeit at levels lower than those of the parental control. To overcome this limitation, the overexpression of carbonic anhydrase and bicarbonate transporter genes in the CCM-deficient strains restored cell growth and the production level of α-farnesene (5.0 ± 0.6 mg/L) to that of the parental control. The production of α-farnesene in the later strains strictly depended on CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the photobioreactor and did not rely on a chemical induction process. Thus, next generation bio-solar cell factories could be promoted with the suggested biocontainment system.
The cache assignment problem and its application to database buffer management (1996)

Given N request streams and L/spl les/N LRU caches, the cache assignment problem asks to which cache each stream should be assigned in order to minimize the overall miss rate. An efficient solution to this problem is provided, based on characterizing each stream using the stack reference model and characterizing the interaction of the streams using a bursty stream model. It is shown that for Bernoulli (purely random) mixing of streams, the optimal cache assignment is to have one cache per stream. In practice streams are mixed in a way that is much "burstier" than can be represented by the Bernoulli model. Therefore a method is presented for superposition of bursty streams. The performance of the methods developed for bursty stream superposition and cache assignment are tested using trace data obtained from the database system DB2. The resulting cache assignment recommendations are then applied to the DB2 system, and considerable performance improvement is found to result.
Effective Visual Masking Techniques in JPEG2000 (2008)

Rate allocation in the JPEG2000 image compression algorithm is performed by the EBCOT algorithm, measures file size and distortion, defined as mean square error (MSE). Since MSE correlates only mediocre to visual quality, more advanced metrics like the M-SSIM have been proposed. One exploitable effect of the human visual system is that of visual masking: If a structure of a fixed amplitude is overlayed by a texture, it becomes masked and less visible. This can be addressed in JPEG2000 by multiplying the MSE contribution of a codeblock by a factor mu computed from the neighbourhood of the data. Most of these techniques require, however, complex operations on the coefficients.
Modal analysis of a structure in a compressible fluid using a finite element/boundary element approach (1996)

One approach to modeling the resonant behavior of structures in a compressible fluid is to use finite elements to describe the structure and boundary elements to describe the fluid. The fluid loading is characterized by a complex, frequency-dependent influence matrix that is combined with the frequency-independent stiffness and mass matrices obtained from the finite element model. This approach works well for determining the fluid-loaded harmonic response of the structure over a specified frequency range, if one knows the appropriate frequency range over which to perform the analysis. Since the in-fluid resonance frequency is usually not known, the designer must choose successive frequency sets until the resonance peak is found. This paper describes a method that eliminates this guesswork by computing the in-fluid eigenfrequency of the mode of interest using boundary elements to model the fluid loading. The procedure is iterative, beginning with the in vacuo eigenfrequency and continuing until the in-fluid eigenvalue converges. The designer may then perform a harmonic analysis in a narrow band about the computed eigenfrequency to obtain the structural and/or acoustic response levels. The accuracy and efficiency of the technique is demonstrated with two examples: a spherical shell and a low-frequency projector, both in water.
Crystalline-as-deposited ALD phase change material confined PCM cell for high density storage class memory (2015)

We show, for the first time, a robust high aspect ratio (∼4:1) confined PCM cell which utilizes a dense and highly reliable nano-crystalline-as-deposited ALD phase change material. The 33nm diameter pore structures were filled utilizing an in-situ metal nitride liner plus nano-crystalline ALD Ge-Sb-Te material. The tuned process for depositing and integrating the phase change material brings the programming endurance to beyond 2.8×10n. We demonstrate a fast programming speed of 80ns with 10x switching and, with the aid of simulation, show a path for these elements to create a high density PCM cell suitable for Storage Class Memory.
Process for the conversion of carbonaceous materials. [phosphate-free metals, oxides or sulfides of Group VI or Group VIII promoted with a Group IV metal] (1978)

A process is described for converting solid carbonaceous material to a liquid product which involves heating a slurry composed of the solid carbonaceous material and a solvent, together with hydrogen, at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures in the presence of a substantially phosphate-free catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component selected from the group consisting of Group VI and Group VIII metals, their oxides and sulfides, supported on a non-zeolitic carrier, which catalyst is promoted with a minor amount of a Group IV-B metal.
Retinoyl β-glucuronide: A nontoxic retinoid for the topical treatment of acne (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy towards acne and the skin surface toxicity of all-trans-retinoyl β-glucuronide (RBG), a naturally occurring retinoid possessing low cytotoxicity and teratogenicity in animal and cell culture studies. In a double-blind study, 15 acne patients treated with 1.2% RBG cream for 16 weeks showed median reductions of 56%, 25% and 67% in total, inflammatory, and noninflammatory lesions, respectively, whereas the placebo group (14 patients) showed median reductions of 31%, 4% and 62%, respectively. The median reduction in total lesions was highly significant in the RBG group (P = 0.002) but not in the placebo group (P = 0.06). In a second initially double-blind study, ten acne patients treated topically for 26 weeks with 0.16–0.32% RBG cream and five patients with 0.1% all-trans-retinoic acid (Retin-A) showed similar responses, i.e. median reductions in total facial lesions of 70% (P = 0.001) and 75% (P = 0.01), respectively. Whereas all subjects treated topically with 0.1% Retin-A showed adverse skin reactions, none of those treated with concentrations of RBG up to 2.4% showed such effects. Thus, RBG seems to be a promising topical treatment for mild to moderate acne, particularly in subjects with highly sensitive skin.
Feature selection for automated speech scoring (2015)

Automated scoring systems used for the evaluation of spoken or written responses in language assessments need to balance good empirical performance with the interpretability of the scoring models. We compare several methods of feature selection for such scoring systems and show that the use of shrinkage methods such as Lasso regression makes it possible to rapidly build models that both satisfy the requirements of validity and intepretability, crucial in assessment contexts as well as achieve good empirical performance.
WLC23-3: Multiuser Performance of Balanced UWB Transmitted-Reference System in Multipath (2006)

In this paper, we analyze the multiuser performance of a modified version of a newly proposed balanced transmitted-reference (TR) system for ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. The proposed TR system is capable of properly eliminating the inter-pulse interference (IPI) between the reference and data pulses in multipath environments, with a low system complexity. We further investigate the effect of the inter-pulse distance on the multiuser capacity and demonstrate the trade-off between the system's achievable information rate and the number of coexisting users.
A Solution‐Processed Organometal Halide Perovskite Hole Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2016)

A new type of hole transport layer (HTL) based on organometal halide perovskite for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is demonstrated. By solution processing of methylammonium lead chloride (CH3NH3PbCl3) precursors, smooth neat perovskite thin films can be prepared with high transparency and conductivity. A solution- processed multilayer OLED with this perovskite HTL outperforms a device with a PEDOT:PSS layer. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-Temperature Graphite/Phenolic Composite (1995)

Graphite-fiber/phenolic-resin composite material retains relatively high strength and modulus of elasticity at temperatures as high as 1,000 degrees F. Costs only 5 to 20 percent as much as refractory materials. Fabrication composite includes curing process in which application of full autoclave pressure delayed until after phenolic resin gels. Curing process allows moisture to escape, so when composite subsequently heated in service, much less expansion of absorbed moisture and much less tendency toward delamination. Developed for nose cone of external fuel tank of Space Shuttle. Other potential aerospace applications for material include leading edges, parts of nozzles, parts of aircraft engines, and heat shields. Terrestrial and aerospace applications include structural firewalls and secondary structures in aircraft, spacecraft, and ships. Modified curing process adapted to composites of phenolic with other fiber reinforcements like glass or quartz. Useful as high-temperature circuit boards and electrical insulators.
Magneto-Transport Characteristics of Magnetic Tunnel Junction With a Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Amorphous CoFeSiB Free Layer (2008)

A synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) structure comprising two ferromagnetic amorphous CoFeSiB layers was employed as a free layer in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) to enhance magnetotransport and magnetization switching performance. In Si-SiO<sub>2</sub>/Ta 45/Ru 9.5/IrMn 10/CoFe 7/AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub>1.5/CoFeSiB t (t=3.5 , 4.0, 4.5, 5.0)/Ru 1.0/CoFeSiB 7-t/Ru 60 (nm) MTJ structures, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio, interlayer coupling field, and switching field all showed layer thickness dependence for 3.5 nm les t les 5 nm . When the CoFeSiB <i>t</i> layer (a lower ferromagnetic layer in the SAF structure) became thinner, a lower TMR ratio with a lower switching field was observed. Whereas, when the CoFeSiB <i>t</i> layer became thicker, a higher junction resistance with a lower interlayer coupling field was observed. This was resulted from the decrement of saturation magnetization and the smooth tunnel barrier/free-layer interface formation, respectively.
Downhole Upgrading of Extra-heavy Crude Oil Using Hydrogen Donors and Methane Under Steam Injection Conditions (2003)

Abstract An extra-heavy crude oil underground upgrading process is described which involves the downhole addition of a hydrogen donor additive under steam injection conditions (280–315°C and residence times of at least 24-h). Laboratory experiments showed a 4° increase in the API gravity (from 9 to 12°) of the upgraded product, a two-fold reduction in the viscosity and, an approximately 8% decrease in the asphaltene content with respect to the original crude. Further increases on the temperature led to products with improved properties reaching 15°API at 315°C. It was found that the presence of the natural formation (catalysts) and methane (natural gas) is necessary to enhance the properties of the upgraded crude oil. From GC and GC-MS results a reaction pathway is proposed that involves hydrogen transfers from tetralin to the extra-heavy crude oil resulting in the formation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene. This compound is then transformed into naphthalene, further upgrading of crude oil through hydrogen donation. The results of the experiments carried out in the presence and absence of the mineral formation and with an inert solid (SiC) strongly indicate that the former acts as a catalyst and not as a heat transfer matrix. Isotopic labeling studies (CD4 and 13CH4) give evidences that, most probably, methane is involved in the upgrading reactions.
Phase assignment for synthesis of low-power dominocircuits (2001)

High performance circuit techniques such as domino logic have migrated from the microprocessor world into more mainstream ASIC designs but domino logic comes at a heavy cost in terms of total power dissipation. A set of results related to automated phase assignment for the synthesis of low-power domino circuits is presented: (1) it is demonstrated that the choice of phase assignment at the primary outputs of a circuit can significantly impact power dissipation in the domino block, and (2) a method to determine a phase assignment that minimises power consumption in the final circuit implementation is proposed. Preliminary experimental results on a mixture of public domain benchmarks and real industry circuits show potential power savings as high as 34% over the minimum area realisation of the logic. Furthermore, the low-power synthesised circuits still meet timing constraints
Comparative efficacy of an experimental S45/20 bacterin and a reduced dose of strain 19 vaccine against bovine brucellosis (1983)

Yearling beef heifers were vaccinated with 2 doses of an experimental Brucella abortus S45/20 bacterin or a reduced dose of strain 19 (S19) vaccine, or were used as nonvaccinated controls. None of the vaccinated heifers was positive by the acidified plate, Rivanol, complement-fixation, or card tests 5 months after inoculation. Sixteen of 21 heifers given S45/20 bacterin with trehalose dimycolate adjuvant had delayed hypersensitivity when skin was tested 7 months after initial vaccination, whereas none of the S19 vaccinates or controls was reactive. After natural breeding, pregnant heifers were challenge exposed at 3.5 to 5 months of gestation with 2.5 X 10(7) viable B abortus S2308 organisms in the conjunctival sac. Abortions occurred as follows: 16/19 (84.2%) of heifers given S45/20 bacterin, 6/12 (50.0%) of heifers vaccinated with S19, and 17/18 (94.4%) of the nonvaccinated controls. Of the 10 heifers that calved normally, only 3 (1 in each group) were seropositive. A correlation was not seen between skin hypersensitivity and acquired resistance. Possible reasons for the poor protection with a reduced dose of S19 vaccine and the failure of S45/20 bacterin to enhance cellular resistance are discussed.
Correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with histologic tumor grade: comparison of macromolecular and small-molecular contrast media. (1998)

Quantitative tumor microvascular permeability assays generated with macromolecular MR imaging contrast medium correlate closely with histologic tumor grade. No significant correlation is found using small-molecular gadopentetate.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient (2017)

Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG stimulation) or DRG spinal stimulation (DRG-SS) has created a new era in pain medicine and neuromodulation. Sound basic science, device placement development, and robust research have fueled the innovation surrounding this important novel technology. Treatment success for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), type I and type II of the lower extremity, including the iliac crest caudally, with inclusion of post-surgical syndromes, has a success rate of nearly 86% in those patients implanted at 12 months. Fundamentally, the DRG-SS has changed the algorithmic approach to CRPS of the lower extremity, as based on previously published studies suggesting the application of SAFE principles. [Poree, Krames, Pope] In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DRG to treat lower extremity CRPS and Causalgia, with placement of the device within the spine from T10 to S2.