gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin Y antibodies are protective in infected mice (2022)

Safe, passive immunization methods are required against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. Immunization of chickens with antigen is known to induce specific IgY antibodies concentrated in the egg yolk and has a good safety profile, high yield of IgY per egg, can be topically applied, not requiring parenteral delivery. Our data provide the first evidence of the prophylactic efficacy of Immunoglobulin Y antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Lohmann hens were injected with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein; IgY-Abs were extracted from the eggs and characterized using SDS-PAGE. Antiviral activity was evaluated using plaque reduction neutralization tests. In additional experiments, IgY-RBD efficacy was examined in mice sensitized to SARS-CoV-2 infection by transduction with Ad5-hACE2 (mild disease) or by using mouse-adapted virus (severe disease). In both cases, prophylactic intranasal administration of IgY-Abs reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication, and reduced morbidity, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and edema in the lungs and increased survival compared to control groups that received non-specific IgY-Abs. These results indicate that further evaluation of IgY-RBD antibodies in humans is warranted.
A New Superalloy Enabling Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Wheels for Improved Combined Cycle Efficiency (2017)

The drive to increase combined cycle turbine efficiency from 62% to 65% for the next-generation advanced cycle requires a new heavy duty gas turbine wheel material capable of operating at 1200°F and above. Current wheel materials are limited by the stability of their major strengthening phase (gamma double prime), which coarsens at temperatures approaching 1200°F, resulting in a substantial reduction in strength. More advanced gamma prime superalloys, such as those used in jet engine turbine disks, are also not suitable due to size constraints; the gamma prime phase overages during the slow cooling rates inherent in processing thick-section turbine wheels. The current program addresses this need by screening two new alloy design concepts. The first concept exploits a gamma prime/gamma double prime coprecipitation reaction. Through manipulation of alloy chemistry, coprecipitation is controlled such that gamma double prime is used only to slow the growth of gamma prime during slow cooling, preventing over-aging, and allowing for subsequent heat treatment to maximize strength. In parallel, phase field modeling provides fundamental understanding of the coprecipitation reaction. The second concept uses oxide dispersion strengthening to improve on two existing alloys that exhibit excellent hold time fatigue crack growth resistance, but have insufficient strength to be considered for gas turbine wheels. Mechanical milling forces the dissolution of starting oxide powders into a metal matrix allowing for solid state precipitation of new, nanometer scale oxides that are effective at dispersion strengthening.
15.7 Heterogeneous integrated CMOS-graphene sensor array for dopamine detection (2017)

Understanding dopamine (DA) signaling in the brain is essential for advancing our knowledge of pathological disorders such as drug addiction, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. Currently, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) with carbon microfiber (CMF) electrodes is the method of choice in neuroscience labs for monitoring the concentration of phasic (transient) DA release. This method offers sub-second temporal resolution and high specificity because the signal of interest occurs at a known potential. However, existing CMF electrodes are bulky, limiting the spatial resolution to single-site measurements. Further, they are produced through manual processes (e.g. cutting CMFs under optical microscope), thus introducing significant device variability [1]. Lastly, when long probes (3-to-5cm) are used to monitor DA release in deep brain structures of large animals, environmental noise severely diminishes the detection limit [1]. To address these problems, we combine advances in nanofabrication with silicon chip manufacturing to create a heterogeneous integrated CMOS-graphene sensor for accurate measurement of DA with high spatiotemporal resolution (Fig. 15.7.1).
Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Pigs Selectively Recruit Viral and Porcine Proteins (2019)

<b>:</b> African swine fever is a devastating hemorrhagic infectious disease, which affects domestic and wild swines (<i>Sus</i><i>scrofa</i>) of all breeds and ages, with a high lethality of up to 90-100% in naïve animals. The causative agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a large and complex double-stranded DNA arbovirus which is currently spreading worldwide, with serious socioeconomic consequences. There is no treatment or effective vaccine commercially available, and most of the current research is focused on attenuated viral models, with limited success so far. Thus, new strategies are under investigation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have proven to be a promising new vaccination platform for veterinary diseases in situations in which conventional approaches have not been completely successful. Here, serum extracellular vesicles from infected pigs using two different ASFV viruses (OURT 88/3 and Benin ΔMGF), corresponding to a naturally attenuated virus and a deletion mutant, respectively, were characterized in order to determine possible differences in the content of swine and viral proteins in EV-enriched fractions. Firstly, EVs were characterized by their CD5, CD63, CD81 and CD163 surface expression. Secondly, ASFV proteins were detected on the surface of EVs from ASFV-infected pig serum. Finally, proteomic analysis revealed few specific proteins from ASFV in the EVs, but 942 swine proteins were detected in all EV preparations (negative controls, and OURT 88/3 and Benin ΔMGF-infected preparations). However, in samples from OURT 88/3-infected animals, only a small number of proteins were differentially identified compared to control uninfected animals. Fifty-six swine proteins (Group Benin) and seven proteins (Group OURT 88/3) were differentially detected on EVs when compared to the EV control group. Most of these were related to coagulation cascades. The results presented here could contribute to a better understanding of ASFV pathogenesis and immune/protective responses in the host.
Dynamically Controlled Long Duration Operation of a Highly Energy Efficient Chiller-Less Data Center Test Facility (2013)

Data center energy consumption makes up a significant and rapidly growing portion of the national energy use. A large fraction of this energy consumption, in the range of 25%–40%, is used by the data center cooling infrastructure, particularly by the computer room air handlers (CRAH) and by the chiller plant. A joint US Department of Energy and IBM effort investigated the use of warm water server cooling and water side economization to help improve energy efficiency in a volume server by minimizing the use of CRAH and chiller hours with the goal of reducing the ratio of cooling energy to IT energy from the conventional value of approximately 50% to less than 10%. Previous work focusing on system characterization and one day runs found significant energy savings as compared to a traditional chiller based data center. In the work reported in this paper we discuss the development and implementation of a dynamic control approach followed by details and results from a 60+ day run of the data center test facility starting May 11th, 2012. Results from this long term study found the average cooling energy consumption to be 3.5% of the IT energy, which is consistent with previous short one day runs. The implemented control scheme was also able to reliably control the water temperature to within 0.5°C of the set-point under most conditions and could react and stabilize to a new set-point in 30 minutes. The work presented demonstrates the high energy efficiency of a warm water cooled, water-side economized, chiller-less data center over a long sustained period of time and highlights the benefits of energy aware control to help limit cooling energy.
On Voice Characteristics Conversion (1984)

Text-to-speech systems available today generate virtually unlimited speech from a prestored component sounds library, which is frequently created from a male voice. A major reason for that is due to the low pitch profile in the male voice. For example, the speech analysis software and commercial synthesizers seem to work more accurately and better with the male voice than the female voice. To overcome the analysis and synthesis problem on the female voice and to provide the choices of having more than one sex of voices output from a text-to-speech system, some means of voice characteristics conversion is needed. To do so, it is important to first understand what parameters in speech define the perception of different sex. An attempt is underway herein to first study these parameters and then to learn to adjust them so that the voice of one sex can be converted to another or from one voice character to another. The voice characteristics conversion technique described herein is best suited for speech systems either a text-to-speech or analysis-synthesis (meaning record-playback) using LPC synthesizers.
Biotransformation of Compactin to Pravastatin by Actinomadura sp. 2966. (1997)

Actinomadura sp. strain 2966 can effectively convert compactin to pravastatin. The degree of conversion observed was 65% to 78% of compactin added and 65% to 88% of compactin taken up, depending on the concentration of compactin and duration of the experiment. Increasing the compactin concentration resulted in a higher final pravastatin concentration especially when compactin was added intermittently. Higher glucose concentrations had no effect on the bioconversion although uptake of compactin was inhibited. The conversion was linear over 16 hours. The system requires no induction and thus appears to be different from previously studied hydroxylases from actinomycetes.
Metamaterial antennas for dual-band and dual-mode applications (2006)

Composite right/left-handed metamaterial antennas for dual-band and dual-mode applications are presented. In particular, the fundamental backward wave of an anisotropic composite right/left-handed metamaterial is used to realize a dual-band antenna. By using the infinite wavelength and backward wave of the composite right/left-handed metamaterial, a dual-mode antenna for radiation selectivity is realized.
Enhancement of the Liquefaction Rate in Small-Scale Helium Liquefiers Working Near and Above the Critical Point (2015)

Helium is a precious resource, and cryogenic facilities worldwide operate under the threat of supply problems. Using thermodynamic principles, the authors reveal a method for more efficient small-scale helium liquefaction. This technology improves rates and lowers energy consumption by employing higher pressure during the liquefaction process. Thus the next generation of cryocooler-based liquefiers will enable convenient production of liquid helium locally within small laboratories, medical centers, and hospitals everywhere.
Plasmon Excitation by the Gaussian-like Core Mode of a Photonic Crystal Waveguide or a Fiber (2006)

Resonant excitation of a plasmon by the Gaussian-like leaky core mode of a metal covered 1D photonic crystal waveguide or fiber is presented. Application in sensing and comparison with the existing waveguide-based schemes is discussed.
Fast concurrent data sketches (2020)

Data sketches are approximate succinct summaries of long data streams. They are widely used for processing massive amounts of data and answering statistical queries about it. Existing libraries producing sketches are very fast, but do not allow parallelism for creating sketches using multiple threads or querying them while they are being built. We present a generic approach to parallelising data sketches efficiently and allowing them to be queried in real time, while bounding the error that such parallelism introduces. Utilising relaxed semantics and the notion of strong linearisability we prove our algorithm's correctness and analyse the error it induces in two specific sketches. Our implementation achieves high scalability while keeping the error small. We have contributed one of our concurrent sketches to the open-source data sketches library.
Pyroelectric power generation with ferroelectrics (1-x)PMN-xPT (2017)

A novel electrothermodynamic cycle based on temporal temperature variations (dT/dt); the pyroelectric effect was investigated for its potential role in the use of waste heat as renewable energy. Here, we present improved generating performance with relaxer ferroelectric ceramics ((1-x)Pb(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT)), which are well known for their strong dielectric and pyroelectric properties near the morphotropic phase boundary. The theoretical potential was evaluated using hysteresis loops, and the generating properties were analyzed in the laboratory using an engine dynamometer. The experiments yielded a value of 0.48 mW/cm3, which is 3 times larger than that obtained previously, because of the high polarization properties.
Doped LT Decoding with Application to Wireless Broadcast Service (2011)

In this paper, we consider the doped decoder for Luby-Transform (LT) codes, where based on the decoder feedback, the decoding process is revived by retransmission of the in formation packet. We propose several improved doping methods to reduce the average doping rate. We then provide an analysis of the proposed doping methods based on the study of the decoding ripple evolution. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed doping approaches provide significant performance gain over the existing random doping strategy. We then apply the doped LT decoding to the wireless broadcast system in which limited feedback is allowed. We propose a majority vote based doping selection and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed doping selection through simulations.
Learning-based cursive handwriting synthesis (2003)

In this paper an integrated approach for modeling, learning and synthesizing personal cursive handwriting is proposed. Cursive handwriting is modeled by a tri-unit handwriting model, which focuses on both the handwritten letters and the interconnection strokes of adjacent letters. Handwriting strokes are formed from generative models that are based on control points and B-spline curves. In the two-step learning process, a template-based matching algorithm and a data congealing algorithm are first proposed to extract training vectors from handwriting samples, and then letter style models and concatenation style models are trained separately. In the synthesis process, isolated letters and ligature strokes are generated from the learned models and concatenated with each other to produce the whole word trajectory, with guidance from a deformable model. Experimental results show that the proposed system can effectively learn the individual style of cursive handwriting and has the ability to generate novel handwriting of the same style.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Simplified Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Inhibitors Lacking Substituents on the Aromatic Rings (2004)

The indenoisoquinolines are a class of cytotoxic topoisomerase I inhibitors that offer certain advantages over the camptothecins, including the greater stabilities of the compounds themselves, as well as the greater stabilities of their drug-enzyme-DNA cleavage complexes. To investigate the possible biological roles of the di(methoxy) and methylenedioxy substituents present on the aromatic rings of the previously synthesized indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitors, a series of compounds lacking these substituents was synthesized and tested for both cytotoxicity in cancer cell cultures and for enzyme inhibitory activity. The results indicate that the aromatic substituents make a small, but consistently observable contribution to the biological activity. Molecular models derived for the binding of the unsubstituted indenoisoquinolines in ternary complex with DNA and topoisomerase I indicate that the substituents on the lactam nitrogen project out of the major groove, and the carbonyl group is directed out of the minor groove, where it is involved in a hydrogen bonding interaction with the side chain guanidine group of Arg364. The DNA cleavage patterns observed in the presence of topoisomerase I and various indenoisoquinolines were similar, although significant differences were detected. There were also variations in the DNA cleavage pattern seen with camptothecin vs the indenoisoquinolines, which indicates that these two classes of topoisomerase I inhibitors are likely to target the cancer cell genome differently, resulting in different spectra of anticancer activity. The most cytotoxic of the presently synthesized indenoisoquinolines has a 4-amino-n-butyl group on the lactam nitrogen.
The effects of glycols, aldehydes, and acrylamide on phase separation and opacification in the calf lens. (1980)

Glycols, aldehydes, and acrylamide inhibit the in vitro formation of cold cataracts in calf lenses. The inhibition is reversed when the glycols or the acrylamide are diffused out of the lenses. The inhibition by aldehydes or polacrylamide is irreversible, suggesting that the crosslinking reagents may permanently modify lens structure to prevent the development of lens opacities due to a phase transition.
Transglutaminase in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. (1998)

We screened various Bacillus species producing transglutaminase (TGase), measured as labeled putrescine incorporated into N,N-dimethylcasein. As a result, we detected TGase activity in sporulating cells of B. subtilis, B. cereus, B. alvei and B. aneurinolyticus, and found TGase activity related to sporulation. TGase activity of Bacillus subtilis was detected in lysozyme-treated sporulating cells during late sporulation, but not in cells without lysozyme treatment or the supernatant of the culture broth. TGase was found to be localized on spores. TGase was preliminarily purified by gel filtration chromatography for characterization. Its activity was eluted in the fractions indicating a molecular weight of approximately 23 kDa. TGase could cross-link and polymerize a certain protein. The enzyme was strongly suggested to form epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds, which were detected in the spore coat proteins of B. subtilis. The activity was Ca(2+)-independent like the TGases derived from Streptoverticillium or some plants. It is suggested that TGase is expressed during sporulation and plays a role in the assembly of the spore coat proteins of the genus Bacillus.
Monitoring high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy using radio frequency ultrasound backscatter to quantify heating (2005)

The spatial distribution and temporal history of tissue temperature is an essential indicator of thermal therapy progress, and treatment safety and efficacy. Magnetic resonance methods provide the gold standard noninvasive measurement of temperature but are costly and cumbersome compared to the therapy itself. We have been developing the use of ultrasound backscattering for real-time temperature estimation; ultrasonic methods have been limited to relatively low temperature rise, primarily due to lack of sensitivity at protein denaturation temperatures (50−70&lt;th&gt;°C). Through validation experiments on gel phantoms and ex vivo tissue we show that temperature rise can be accurately mapped throughout the therapeutic temperature range using a new BioHeat Transfer Equation (BHTE) model-constrained inverse approach. Speckle-free temperature and thermal dose maps are generated using the ultrasound calibrated model over the imaged region throughout therapy delivery and post-treatment cooling periods. Results of turkey breast tissue experiments are presented for static HIFU exposures, in which the ultrasound calibrated BHTE temperature maps are shown to be very accurate (within a degree) using independent thermocouple measurements. This new temperature monitoring method may speed clinical adoption of ultrasound-guided HIFU therapy. [Work supported by Army MRMC.]
Assembly of Black Phosphorus Nanosheets and MOF to Form Functional Hybrid Thin-Film for Precise Protein Capture, Dual-Signal and Intrinsic Self-Calibration Sensing of Specific Cancer-Derived Exosomes (2020)

As the emerging and noninvasive biomarkers, exosomes play an important role in cancer screening, cancer-related immune response, and the physiological process. The sensitive, specific, and efficient detection of cancer cell-derived exosomes is of significance for early cancer diagnosis of patients. This work developed a novel dual-signal and intrinsic self-calibration aptasensor of exosomes based on a functional hybrid thin-film platform. This platform was constructed via facile assembly of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) and ferrocene (Fc)-doped metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-67) on indium tin oxide (ITO) slice, followed by combining methylene blue (MB)-labeled single- strand DNA aptamer on ITO slice. The resultant aptamer-BPNSs/Fc/ZIF-67/ITO platform had dual redox-signal responses of MB (labeled on aptamer) and Fc (doped into ZIF-67). In the presence of specific cancer cell-derived exosomes, the redox current of MB regularly reduced and that of Fc (as reference) hardly changed. An intrinsic self-calibration aptasensor was achieved and enabled sensitive detection of exosomes, showing a limit of detection down to 100 particles mL<sup>-1</sup>. The aptasensor with a capability of precise protein capture can efficiently determine specific cancer cell-derived exosomes in practical human serum and plasma samples from healthy individuals and breast cancer patients. In light of excellent performances, this aptasensor can be expanded to multiple biomarkers from cell line exosomes and is beneficial for exploring advanced techniques for high-performance detection of exosomes derived from different types of cancer cells. This work promotes the development of current techniques for early cancer screening and clinical diagnosis.
Low-frequency target strength and abundance of shoaling Atlantic herring (<i>Clupea harengus</i>) in the Gulf of Maine during the Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing 2006 Experiment (2010)

The low-frequency target strength of shoaling Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Gulf of Maine during Autumn 2006 spawning season is estimated from experimental data acquired simultaneously at multiple frequencies in the 300-1200 Hz range using (1) a low-frequency ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) system, (2) areal population density calibration with several conventional fish finding sonar (CFFS) systems, and (3) low-frequency transmission loss measurements. The OAWRS system's instantaneous imaging diameter of 100 km and regular updating enabled unaliased monitoring of fish populations over ecosystem scales including shoals of Atlantic herring containing hundreds of millions of individuals, as confirmed by concurrent trawl and CFFS sampling. High spatial-temporal coregistration was found between herring shoals imaged by OAWRS and concurrent CFFS line-transects, which also provided fish depth distributions. The mean scattering cross-section of an individual shoaling herring is found to consistently exhibit a strong, roughly 20 dB/octave roll-off with decreasing frequency in the range of the OAWRS survey over all days of the roughly 2-week experiment, consistent with the steep roll-offs expected for sub-resonance scattering from fish with air-filled swimbladders.