gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplification of xenon NMR and MRI by remote detection (2003)

A technique is proposed in which an NMR spectrum or MRI is encoded and stored as spin polarization and is then moved to a different physical location to be detected. Remote detection allows the separate optimization of the encoding and detection steps, permitting the independent choice of experimental conditions and excitation and detection methodologies. In the initial experimental demonstration of this technique, we show that taking dilute 129Xe from a porous sample placed inside a large encoding coil and concentrating it into a smaller detection coil can amplify NMR signal. In general, the study of NMR active molecules at low concentration that have low physical filling factor is facilitated by remote detection. In the second experimental demonstration, MRI information encoded in a very low-field magnet (4-7 mT) is transferred to a high-field magnet (4.2 T) to be detected under optimized conditions. Furthermore, remote detection allows the utilization of ultrasensitive optical or superconducting quantum interference device detection techniques, which broadens the horizon of NMR experimentation.
An Enantioselective Epoxide Rearrangement - Claisen Rearrangement Approach to Prostaglandins and (+)-Iridomyrmecin (1997)

The asymmetric syntheses of prostaglandin precursor 8 and (+)-iridomyrmecin (12) via highly enantioselective rearrangement of the epoxide 1 and subsequent Ireland-Claisen rearrangement are described.
Functional Impact of Attachment and Purification in the Short Term Culture of Human Pancreatic Islets* (1991)

We have evaluated the effects on islet function of several manipulations of the substrate and tissue culture conditions in the short term culture of human islets. Specifically, we have studied the influence of several matrices, additions to the medium, and the use of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-saporin mitotoxins to eliminate fibroblastoid cells from the cultures. The human islets were obtained from the Human Islet Transplant Center at Washington University Medical Center (St. Louis, MO). Substrates used to facilitate islet attachment were poly-L-lysine, gelatin, Matrigel, collagen, and bovine corneal endothelial cell matrix. RPMI-1640 medium was supplemented with either 22.2 mM glucose or 10 micrograms/mL human insulin. FGF-saporin mitotoxin was used at a concentration of 10 nM. The greatest improvement in islet cell function in either static or stimulated situations was obtained when we used bovine corneal endothelial cell matrix as the matrix, supplemented the medium with a high concentration of glucose or insulin, and eliminated fibroblast-like cells by exposing the cultures to basic FGF-saporin mitotoxin. The conditions described in this report could greatly improve the culture of human islets for use in clinical and laboratory research.
Apparatus and method for recognizing spoken words (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John R. Welch, Sheldon C. Oxenberg; Apparatus and method for recognizing spoken words. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 November 1986; 80 (5): 1565. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.394354 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Novel Miniature and Broadband Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Star Mixers (2008)

In this paper, three monolithic star mixers using a new miniature dual balun are proposed. The first one is a double spiral transformer mixer, and the second one is a trifilar transformer mixer. Both of these are fabricated using a commercial GaAs pseudomorphic HEMT process. The third is a 3-D transformer mixer, which is fabricated using a commercial CMOS process. These mixers exhibit bandwidths over 25-45 GHz (57%) with local oscillator isolations better than 20 dB. These star mixers are smaller than (lambda/6timeslambda/6) for the mixer core area. Compared with traditional star mixers, these mixers demonstrate 80% size reduction, and achieve good performance with the smallest chip size among all star mixers using monolithic microwave integrated circuit processes.
Indication of current-injection lasing from an organic semiconductor (2019)

Abstract In this study, we investigate the lasing properties of 4,4′-bis[( N -carbazole)styryl]biphenyl thin films under electrical pumping. The electroluminescent devices incorporate a mixed-order distributed feedback SiO 2 grating into an organic light-emitting diode structure and emit blue lasing. The results provide an indication of lasing by direct injection of current into an organic thin film through selection of a high-gain organic semiconductor showing clear separation of the lasing wavelength from significant triplet and polaron absorption and design of a proper feedback structure with low losses at high current densities. This study represents an important advance toward a future organic laser diode technology.
Projection Decomposition for Dual-energy Computed Tomography (2018)

Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) is to reconstruct images of an object from two projection datasets generated from two distinct x-ray source energy spectra. It can provide more accurate attenuation quantification than conventional CT with a single x-ray energy spectrum. In the diagnostic energy range, x-ray energy-dependent attenuation can be approximated as a linear combination of photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering. Hence, two physical components of x-ray attenuation can be determined from two spectral informative projection datasets to achieve monochromatic imaging and material decomposition. In this paper, a projection decomposition method is proposed for the image reconstruction in dual-energy CT. This method combines both an analytical algorithm and a single-variable optimization method to solve the non-linear polychromatic x-ray integral model, allowing accurate quantification of photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering components. Numerical tests are performed to illustrate the merit of the proposed method by comparing with classical projection decomposition methods.
Prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, cyclo(leucylglycine), and derivatives block development of physical dependence on morphine in mice. (1979)

Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF) and several structural analogues, all injected in 50-microgram doses daily in mice receiving morphine chronically, were found to prevent development of physical dependence as measured by changes in body temperature associated with naloxone-induced withdrawal. Dose-response studies, using again a protocol of daily injections of peptide at 50, 5, 0.5, 0.05, 0.005 microgram per mouse revealed MIF and cyclo(Leu-Gly) to be the most potent peptides and to be effective in blocking physical dependence to morphine at a dose as low as 0.5 and 0.05 microgram per mouse, respectively. The benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of MIF, Pro-Leu, and Pro- -Leu exhibited significant activities down to a dose of 5 microgram of peptide per mouse.
Periplasmic expression of human interferon-α 2c in <i>Escherichia coli</i> results in a correctly folded molecule (1994)

Human interferon-alpha 2c (IFN-alpha 2c) was produced in Escherichia coli under the control of the alkaline phosphatase promoter using a periplasmic expression system. Compared with other leader sequences, the heat-stable enterotoxin II leader of E. coli (STII) resulted in the highest rate of correct processing as judged by Western-blot analysis. The fermentation was designed as a batch-fed process in order to obtain a high yield of biomass. The processing rate of IFN-alpha 2c could be increased from 25% to more than 50% by shifting the fermentation pH from 7.0 to 6.7. IFN-alpha 2c extracted from the periplasm was purified by a new four-step chromatographic procedure. Whereas cytoplasmically produced IFN-alpha 2c does not have its full native structure, IFN-alpha 2c extracted from the periplasm was found to be correctly folded, as shown by c.d. spectroscopy. Peptide-map analysis in combination with m.s. revealed the correct formation of disulphide bridges. N-terminal sequence analysis showed complete removal of the leader sequence, creating the authentic N-terminus starting with cysteine.
Fosfomycin Enhances the Active Transport of Tobramycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2012)

Elevated levels of mucins present in bronchiectatic airways predispose patients to bacterial infections and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic therapies by directly inactivating antibiotics. Consequently, new antibiotics that are not inhibited by mucins are needed to treat chronic respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In these studies, we demonstrate that fosfomycin synergistically enhances the activity of tobramycin in the presence of mucin. The bactericidal killing of a novel 4:1 (wt/wt) combination of fosfomycin-tobramycin (FTI) is superior (>9 log(10) CFU/ml) relative to its individual components fosfomycin and tobramycin. Additionally, FTI has a mutation frequency resulting in an antibiotic resistance >3 log(10) lower than for fosfomycin and 4 log(10) lower than for tobramycin for P. aeruginosa. Mechanistic studies revealed that chemical adducts are not formed, suggesting that the beneficial effects of the combination are not due to molecular modification of the components. FTI displayed time-kill kinetics similar to tobramycin and killed in a concentration-dependent fashion. The bactericidal effect resulted from inhibition of protein biosynthesis rather than cell wall biosynthesis. Studies using radiolabeled antibiotics demonstrated that tobramycin uptake was energy dependent and that fosfomycin enhanced the uptake of tobramycin in P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner. Lastly, mutants resistant to fosfomycin and tobramycin were auxotrophic for specific carbohydrates and amino acids, suggesting that the resistance arises from mutations in specific active transport mechanisms. Overall, these data demonstrate that fosfomycin enhances the uptake of tobramycin, resulting in increased inhibition of protein synthesis and ultimately bacterial killing.
Enzyme-Albumin Polymers: New Approaches to the Use of Enzymes in Medicine (1987)

The widespread use of enzymes as drugs or therapeutic agents has been limited by (a) enzyme availability, (b) biodegradation of administered enzyme, (c) immunogenecity of the enzyme as a foreign protein, and (d) accessibility of the enzyme to the appropriate site of action. It has become obvious that due to these limitations, the administration of free or native enzyme is not likely to be effective. Various mechanisms of protecting or packaging enzymes to offset some of these drawbacks have been described. We have been successful in producing conjugates of a number of different enzymes with a molar excess of homologous albumin. The resulting enzyme-albumin complex is resistant to proteolytic and heat inactivation and is apparently non-immunogenic. Using specific ligands crosslinked to the enzyme-albumin conjugate we have been able to target these conjugates to specific receptor sites and specific tissues. Ligands including cell surface-recognizing antibodies and hormones such as insulin have been used. These approaches offer new possibilities for the increased use of enzymes in medicine.
A Zero-Voltage-Switching Contour-Based Power Amplifier With Minimal Efficiency Degradation Under Back-Off (2011)

A switching power amplifier (PA) architecture that offers up to 13 dB of output power back-off without any drain efficiency degradation is presented. The proposed zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) contour-based PA employs a series class-E PA in conjunction with duty cycle modulation and a proposed tunable impedance transformation network. So-called ZVS conditions that ensure ideally 100% drain efficiency are satisfied not just at peak output power, but over the 13-dB back-off range. Theoretical analyses of losses in the PA and the impedance transformation network are also presented to prove that drain efficiency actually improves with back-off. Measurement results of a 100-MHz PA built using discrete components on an FR4 printed circuit board showing drain efficiency greater than or equal to the peak efficiency (40%) at all output power levels are also presented.
Sagnac Interferometer Based Secure Communication Systems (1996)

The Sagnac interferometer may be used for secure fiber optic communication links capable of operating at high speed. This paper describes techniques that can be used with this system to prevent intrusion.
(Invited) Optical and Electrical Property of Self-doped Silver Chalcogenide Colloidal Quantum Dots (2021)

Colloidal quantum dots have been used in various research fields such as display, bio-imaging, therapy, detectors, etc. Mostly, the bandgap electronic transitions are used to convert the light to electrical signals or vice versa. Not only the bandgap transition, but also the other electronic transitions are available under certain conditions , which is a merit of the quantum materials. The intraband transition, recently demonstrated in steady state, also can be used for various applications. To utilize the intraband transition, the quantum dots should be self-doped and the doped state should last even under ambient conditions. This talk will focus on optical and electrical properties of self-doped silver chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots exhibiting mid-IR intraband electronic transitions in steady-state.
Team Players or Opponents: Coadministration of Selective Glucagon and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obese Diabetic Monkeys (2018)

We assessed the therapeutic contribution of the individual components of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonists alone and in combination upon energy homeostasis and glycemic control in diet-induced obese, diabetic nonhuman primates. The pharmacological active dose ranges of selective agonists were established through a dose-finding study, followed by a 6-week chronic study. Repeated subcutaneous administration of a selective GCGR agonist (30 µg/kg once daily) did not affect food intake or body weight, whereas the selective GLP-1R agonist (3 µg/kg once daily) alone decreased energy intake by 18% and body weight by 3.8% ± 0.9%. Combination of both agonists reduced significantly cumulative food intake by 27% and body weight by 6.6% ± 0.9%. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was improved by GLP-1R agonist (baseline vs end of study, 176.7 ± 34.0 vs 115.9 ± 16.1 mg/dL). In contrast, groups exposed to GCGR agonist experienced nonsignificant elevations of FPG. More accurate assessment of therapeutic interventions on glucose homeostasis was tested by an IV glucose tolerance test. Glucose excursion was significantly elevated by chronic GCGR agonist administration, whereas it was significantly decreased in GLP-1R agonist-treated monkeys. In the combination group, a nonsignificant increase of glucose excursion was seen, concomitantly with significantly increased insulin secretion. We conclude that chronic glucagon agonism does not affect energy homeostasis in nonhuman primates. In combination with GLP-1R agonism, glucagon agonism synergistically enhances negative energy balance with resulting larger body weight loss. However, adding GCGR to GLP-1R agonism diminishes glycemic control in diabetic monkeys. Therefore, long-term therapeutic implications of using GLP-1R/GCGR coagonists for weight management in diabetes warrants further scrutiny.
Reliability of 4MBIT MRAM (2005)

Prior to our recent publication (J. Akerman et al, IEEE Trans. Dev. Mat. Rel. 4, p.428-435, 2004), little data on magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) reliability were available in the literature. In this paper, we present additional reliability data taken in full 4 Mb MRAM arrays, significantly extending the scope of our original study. In particular, we present good reliability over 10 years against dielectric breakdown, resistance drift, drift of programming currents, electromigration, and also demonstrate solid data retention. This study further solidifies our expectations of MRAM becoming the memory technology of choice for high-performance non-volatile memory applications where endurance and reliability are crucial requirements.
MULTI-LANE RANGE-IMAGING VEHICLE SENSOR (1996)

Advanced vehicle sensors are needed to provide accurate information on real-time traffic conditions that can be used for incident detection, motorist advisories, and traffic management via signals, ramp meters, etc. This paper describes a diode-laser-based vehicle detector and classifier (VDAC), which is being developed under a program for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, that can measure the presence, speed, and three-dimensional profiles of vehicles passing beneath it within its three-lane field-of-view coverage. The VDAC employs a rotating polygon to scan a pulsed laser rangefinder across three 12-foot-wide lanes of highway in order to measure the presence, speed, and height profiles of vehicles in all three lanes simultaneously. The VDAC's high signal-to-noise ratio and good spatial resolution result in highly accurate traffic-parameter measurements. Principles of sensor operation are discussed, and test results obtained at sites on a major arterial in Orlando, Florida, are presented.
Real-Time Measurement of Correlated Size and Composition Profiles of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles (1996)

In this paper, the unique real-time measurement capabilities of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS) for characterizing atmospheric aerosol particles are demonstrated. ATOFMS is used to obtain the aerodynamic size and chemical composition of individual aerosol particles sampled directly into the instrument from outdoors. Such measurements are made in-situ by combining a unique dual-laser aerodynamic particle sizing system to size and track individual particles through the instrument and laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to obtain correlated single particle composition data. At typical ambient concentrations, the size and chemical composition of 50−100 particles per minute can be measured (up to 600 per minute at high particle concentrations). Presented here for the first time are compositionally resolved particle size distributions of ambient aerosol particles, showing definitive size/composition correlations. A goal of these studies is to ultimately couple data obtained from the dynamic monitoring of individual particles in atmospheric systems with that obtained using conventional ambient aerosol sampling to assist in sorting out complex field data on atmospheric processes.
Fiber-optic bus-oriented single-hop interconnections among multi-transceiver stations (1992)

The single-path selective-broadcast interconnection (SBI) is a static, passive interconnection among a set of stations, each equipped with multiple c transmitters and receivers. It uses c/sup 2/ buses, each interconnecting a subset of the stations, and provides a single common bus to any two stations. The author explores those merits of this SBI which are related directly to its implementation in fiber optics. When compared with c buses, each interconnecting all stations, the SBI is shown to offer substantial advantages in power budget and the maximum number of stations that can be interconnected without repeaters or amplifiers. It is also attractive in terms of the required passive fiber optic components such as fiber segments and star couplers. For a fixed power budget and direct detection, the capacity of this SBI is shown to be highest among bus-oriented single-hop interconnections for both a uniform traffic pattern and the worst-case unknown skew.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Object-oriented Network Virtualization – An Evolution from SDN to SPN (2014)

We present Object-oriented Network Virtualization (OONV), a new virtual networking paradigm. OONV provides Virtual Network Object-oriented abstraction for network resources that is commensurate with VM-oriented abstraction for computing resources. With OONV, Software-defined Networking (SDN) evolves into Software-programmed Networking (SPN).
Aminothiazonaphthalic anhydride derivatives as photoinitiators for violet/blue LED‐Induced cationic and radical photopolymerizations and 3D‐Printing resins (2015)

ABSTRACT The cations and radicals produced in aminothiazonaphthalic anhydride derivatives (ATNAs) combined with an iodonium salt, N ‐vinylcarbazole, amine, or chloro triazine initiate the ring‐opening cationic polymerization of epoxides and the free radical polymerization of acrylates under LEDs at 405 or 455 nm. The photoinitiating ability of these novel photoinitiating systems is higher than that of the well‐known camphorquinone‐based systems. An example of the high reactivity of the new proposed photoinitiator is also provided in resins for 3D‐printing using a LED projector@405 nm. The chemical mechanisms are investigated by steady‐state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence, laser flash photolysis, and electron spin resonance spin‐trapping techniques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 1189–1196
Study Navigator: An Algorithmically Generated Aid for Learning from Electronic Textbooks (2014)

We present study navigator, an algorithmically-generated aid for enhancing the experience of studying from electronic textbooks. The study navigator for a section of the book consists of helpful concept references for understanding this section. Each concept reference is a pair consisting of a concept phrase explained elsewhere and the link to the section in which it has been explained. We propose a novel reader model for textbooks and an algorithm for generating the study navigator based on this model. We also present an extension of the study navigator specialized to accommodate the information processing preference of the student. Specifically, this specialization allows a student to control the balance between references to sections that help refresh material already studied vs. sections that provide more advanced information. We also present two user studies that demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system across textbooks on different subjects from different grades.