gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multiscale Laplacian of Gaussian filtering approach to automated pulmonary nodule detection from whole-lung low-dose CT scans (2009)

The primary stage of a pulmonary nodule detection system is typically a candidate generator that efficiently provides the centroid location and size estimate of candidate nodules. A scale-normalized Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG) filtering method presented in this paper has been found to provide high sensitivity along with precise locality and size estimation. This approach involves a computationally efficient algorithm that is designed to identify all solid nodules in a whole lung anisotropic CT scan. This nodule candidate generator has been evaluated in conjunction with a set of discriminative features that target both isolated and attached nodules. The entire detection system was evaluated with respect to a sizeenriched dataset of 656 whole-lung low-dose CT scans containing 459 solid nodules with diameter greater than 4 mm. Using a soft margin SVM classifier, and setting false positive rate of 10 per scan, we obtained a sensitivity of 97% for isolated, 93% for attached, and 89% for both nodule types combined. Furthermore, the LOG filter was shown to have good agreement with the radiologist ground truth for size estimation.
Long-Wavelength 256X256 GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Photodetector (QWIP) Palm-Size Camera (1998)

In this paper, we discuss the development of this very sensitive long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) camera based on a GaAs/AlGaAs QWIP focal plane array (FPA) and its performance in terms of quantum efficiency, NEAT, uniformity, and operability.
A decompression architecture for low power embedded systems (2002)

We present an architecture for embedded systems that decompresses offline-compressed instructions during runtime. This is useful for compressed code systems where instructions are stored in a compressed format and decompressed on demand. The result is a significant reduction in power consumption, and in most cases a performance improvement. The stand-alone decompression engine is placed between the instruction cache and the CPU (post-cache architecture) as we have found this to be the most power-efficient architecture. This paper describes the design of this unit in detail and analyzes its power consumption and performance.
Understanding the effects of hypervisor I/O scheduling for virtual machine performance interference (2012)

In virtualized environments, the customers who purchase virtual machines (VMs) from a third-party cloud would expect that their VMs run in an isolated manner. However, the performance of a VM can be negatively affected by co-resident VMs. In this paper, we propose vExplorer, a distributed VM I/O performance measurement and analysis framework, where one can use a set of representative I/O operations to identify the I/O scheduling characteristics within a hypervisor; and potentially leverage this knowledge to carry out I/O based performance attacks to slow down the execution of the target VMs. We evaluate our prototype on both Xen and VMware platforms with four server benchmarks and show that vExplorer is practical and effective. We also conduct similar tests on Amazon's EC2 platform and successfully slow down the performance of target VMs.
TWO UNLINKED GENETIC LOCI INTERACT TO CONTROL THE HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TYPE III GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGEN (1984)

Serum samples were collected from 30 healthy adult Caucasian volunteers before and after immunization with native type III polysaccharide of group B streptococcus. Serum antibody to this polysaccharide was measured and sera were typed for several Gm and Km(1) allotypes. A significant interactive effect of Gm(23) and Km(1) was found on immune responsiveness to native type III group B streptococcus polysaccharide antigen.
Formation of Curved Micron-Sized Single Crystals (2016)

Crystals in nature often demonstrate curved morphologies rather than classical faceted surfaces. Inspired by biogenic curved single crystals, we demonstrate that gold single crystals exhibiting curved surfaces can be grown with no need of any fabrication steps. These single crystals grow from the confined volume of a droplet of a eutectic composition melt which forms via the dewetting of nanometric thin films. We can control their curvature by controlling the environment in which the process is carried out, including several parameters, such as the contact angle and the curvature of the drops by changing the surface tension of the liquid drop during crystal growth. Here we present an energetic model that explains this phenomenon and predicts why and under what conditions crystals will be forced to grow with the curvature of the micro droplet even though the energetic state of a curved single crystal is very high.
Axial control of thermal coagulation using a multi-element interstitial ultrasound applicator with internal cooling (2000)

A multi-element, direct-coupled ultrasound (US) applicator with internal water cooling was investigated for axial control of interstitial thermal coagulation. A prototype implantable applicator was constructed with a linear array of three tubular PZT ultrasound transducers (each 2.5 mm OD, 10 mm length, 360 degrees emittance). Acoustic beam distributions from each element were measured and found to be collimated within the transducer length. The internally cooled applicator could sustain high levels of applied power to each transducer (0 to 40 W) and maintain acceptable applicator surface temperatures (<100 degrees C). Thermal performance of the applicator was investigated through heating trials in vivo (porcine thigh muscle and liver) and in vitro (bovine liver). The radial depth of thermal lesions produced was dependent on the applied power and sonication time and was controlled independently with power levels to each transducer element. With 18 W per element (applied electrical power) for 3 min, cylindrical thermal lesions were produced with a diameter of ~3 cm and a length ranging from 1.2 cm (with one element) to 3.5 cm (three elements). Higher powers (24 to 30 W) for 3 to 5 min provided increased depths of coagulation (~4 cm diameter lesions). Analysis of axial lesion shapes demonstrated that individual variation of power to each transducer element provided control of axial heating and depth of coagulation (for custom lesion shapes); lesion lengths corresponded to the number of active transducers. This ability to control the heating distribution dynamically along the length of the applicator has potential for improved target localization of thermal coagulation and necrosis in high temperature thermal therapy.
From a stream of relational queries to distributed stream processing (2010)

Applications from several domains are now being written to process live data originating from hardware and software-based streaming sources. Many of these applications have been written relying solely on database and data warehouse technologies, despite their lack of need for transactional support and ACID properties. In several extreme high-load cases, this approach does not scale to the processing speeds that these applications demand. In this paper we demonstrate an application acceleration approach whereby a regular ODBC-based application is converted into a true streaming application with minimal disruption from a software engineering standpoint. We showcase our approach on three real-world applications. We experimentally demonstrate the substantial performance improvements that can be observed when contrasting the accelerated implementation with the original database-oriented implementation.
Bright Coherent Ultrahigh Harmonics in the keV X-ray Regime from Mid-Infrared Femtosecond Lasers (2012)

High-harmonic generation (HHG) traditionally combines ~100 near-infrared laser photons to generate bright, phase-matched, extreme ultraviolet beams when the emission from many atoms adds constructively. Here, we show that by guiding a mid-infrared femtosecond laser in a high-pressure gas, ultrahigh harmonics can be generated, up to orders greater than 5000, that emerge as a bright supercontinuum that spans the entire electromagnetic spectrum from the ultraviolet to more than 1.6 kilo-electron volts, allowing, in principle, the generation of pulses as short as 2.5 attoseconds. The multiatmosphere gas pressures required for bright, phase-matched emission also support laser beam self-confinement, further enhancing the x-ray yield. Finally, the x-ray beam exhibits high spatial coherence, even though at high gas density the recolliding electrons responsible for HHG encounter other atoms during the emission process.
Octadentate Cages of Tb(III) 2-Hydroxyisophthalamides: A New Standard for Luminescent Lanthanide Labels (2011)

The synthesis, structure, and photophysical properties of several Tb(III) complexes with octadentate, macrotricyclic ligands that feature a bicapped topology and 2-hydroxyisophthalamide (IAM) chelating units are reported. These Tb(III) complexes exhibit highly efficient emission (Φ(total) ≥ 50%), large extinction coefficients (ε(max) ≥ 20,000 M(-1) cm(-1)), and long luminescence lifetimes (τ(H(2)O) ≥ 2.45 ms) at dilute concentrations in standard biological buffers. The structure of the methyl-protected ligand was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirms the macrotricyclic structure of the parent ligand; the amide groups of the methyl-protected cage compound generate an anion binding cavity that complexes a chloride anion. Once the ligand is deprotected, a conformational change generates a similar cavity, formed by the phenolate and ortho amide oxygen groups that strongly bind lanthanide ions. The Tb(III) complexes thus formed display long-term stability, with little if any change in their spectral properties (including lifetime, quantum yield, and emission spectrum) over time or in different chemical environments. Procedures to prepare functionalized derivatives with terminal amine, carboxylate, and N-hydroxysuccinimide groups suitable for derivatization and protein bioconjugation have also been developed. These bifunctional ligands have been covalently attached to a number of different proteins, and the terbium complexes' exceptional photophysical properties are retained. These compounds establish a new aqueous stability and quantum yield standard for long-lifetime lanthanide reporters.
A Polyionic, Large‐Format Energy Storage Device Using an Aqueous Electrolyte and Thick‐Format Composite NaTi<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/Activated Carbon Negative Electrodes (2014)

Abstract A composite anode comprising blended NASICON‐structured NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and activated carbon has been implemented in an aqueous electrolyte electrochemical energy storage device. A simple solid‐state synthetic route based on low‐cost precursors was used to produce the NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , and thick (>1 mm) freestanding electrodes were fabricated with a range of activated carbon mass fractions. Electrochemical analyses showed the efficacy and stability of this composite anode combination in a functional paradigm where both Na + and Li + cations can participate in the charge storage reactions. Use of this composite anode in concert with a λ‐MnO 2 ‐based cathode results in an energy storage device that is low cost, robust, and of sufficient energy density to be implemented in stationary applications. Data from large‐format units that contain many cells in series indicate that string‐level self‐balancing occurs, an effect that can be relied on for making cycle‐stable high‐voltage strings of cells.
Ultrasonic Methods for Human Motion Detection (2015)

Methods of human detection utilizing low-frequency (typically below a few hundred Hertz) seismic signals from footsteps are well known. Human footsteps generate broadband frequency vibration and sound signals from a few Hertz up to ultrasonic frequencies. The authors investigated the physical mechanisms involved in the generation of high frequency signals and the possibility of their application for human footstep detection. Striking and sliding contacts between a foot and the ground/floor produce the high frequency responses. The present paper introduces an approach for human motion detection using passive and active ultrasonic methods. The passive method employs an ultrasonic sensor that is sensitive to the sound from sliding contacts. The active method utilizes continuous wave ultrasonic Doppler sonar. Human motions have unique Doppler signatures and their combination with footstep vibration and sound signatures increases the probability of human presence detection and reduces false alarms. Test results for the detection of a walking person by the two methods, both indoors and outdoors, are presented and discussed. This work is supported by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-04-1-0190.
Monomeric and Polymeric Carbazole Photosensitizers for Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization (2001)

Carbazole monomers bearing cationically polymerizable vinyl, vinyl ether and epoxide groups are rapidly and efficiently polymerized by UV irradiation in the presence of onium salt photoinitiators. Moreover, these monomers were observed to function as efficient photosensitizers for the photolysis of the onium salts. In this article, the use of these polymerizable photosensitizers for the photopolymerizations of epoxide and vinyl ether monomers is reported. The inclusion of only a small amount of the monomeric carbazole photosensitizer is effective in markedly accelerating the photopolymerization of the bulk monomer. The broadening of the spectral response through the use of these photosensitizers accounts for the observed rate enhancement of these polymerization reactions. Polymers prepared by the polymerization of the monomeric photosensitizers also exhibit excellent photosensitization activity.
Tailored Glycopolymers as Anticoagulant Heparin Mimetics (2013)

Not to clot: Heparin and its low-molecular-weight derivatives are clinical therapeutics used to treat and prevent blood clots. The synthesis of heparin-based glycopolymers that are potent and potentially safer mimetics of heparin is described. The mimetics exhibited activity against proteases (FXa and FIIa) in the coagulation cascade and prolonged blood clot times in human plasma with efficacies similar to those of clinical anticoagulants. ATIII=antithrombin III.
Single-Layer Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with Sub-Band Gap Turn-On Voltage and High Brightness (2016)

Charge-carrier injection into an emissive semiconductor thin film can result in electroluminescence and is generally achieved by using a multilayer device structure, which requires an electron-injection layer (EIL) between the cathode and the emissive layer and a hole-injection layer (HIL) between the anode and the emissive layer. The recent advancement of halide perovskite semiconductors opens up a new path to electroluminescent devices with a greatly simplified device structure. We report cesium lead tribromide light-emitting diodes (LEDs) without the aid of an EIL or HIL. These so-called single-layer LEDs have exhibited a sub-band gap turn-on voltage. The devices obtained a brightness of 591 197 cd m<sup>-2</sup> at 4.8 V, with an external quantum efficiency of 5.7% and a power efficiency of 14.1 lm W<sup>-1</sup>. Such an advancement demonstrates that very high efficiency of electron and hole injection can be obtained in perovskite LEDs even without using an EIL or HIL.
Observations and Analysis of Wandering Spurs in MASH-Based Fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Frequency Synthesizers (2018)

Fractional-N frequency synthesizers can exhibit a phenomenon known as wandering spurs. This brief traces the root cause of the phenomenon to the divider controller. Predictions of the repeat period and the wander rate in the case of a multi-stage noise shaping delta-sigma modulator (MASH DDSM)-based divider controller are given. Simulations, based on CppSim simulations of a type-II CP-PLL with a third-order digital delta-sigma based divider controller, confirm the theoretical predictions.
Abstract 13847: Differential Transthyretin Binding, Kinetic Stability and Additive Ex Vivo Stabilization by AG10 Compared to Tafamidis (2019)

Introduction: Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is a progressive, fatal disease. Dissociation of tetrameric TTR is the triggering event in the pathogenic mechanism; destabilizing TTR mutations accele...
Synthesis of the First Members of a New Class of Biologically Active Bryostatin Analogues (1998)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Calcium Phosphate Glass-Ceramic Crown Prepared by Lost-Wax Technique (1984)

A calcium phosphate glass-ceramic crown for dentistry was developed. The glass is cast into the shape of the crown by the lost-wax technique and subsequently heat-treated to convert it into the glass-ceramic, which exhibits excellent mechanical strength. The fine structure of the glass-ceramic is similar to that of the enamel of a natural tooth, and its hardness is near that of enamel.
Model predictive control of a STATCOM based on a modular multilevel converter in delta configuration (2015)

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for the single delta bridge cell (SDBC) modular multilevel converter (MMC) when operated as a static synchronous compensator (Statcom). The controller achieves reactive power compensation and current harmonic elimination while maintaining the branch currents and capacitor voltages within their safe operating limits. The MPC scheme manipulates the setpoints of a subsequent pulse width modulator (PWM). The controller is conceptually simple with an easy to devise objective function, a linearized converter model based on first principles, and constraints on the main physical quantities. The underlying optimization problem is a quadratic program (QP), which can be solved efficiently using off-the-shelf solvers. The developed control framework achieves a good performance at steady-state operation and very fast current response during load transients.
Gabor feature based dictionary fusion for hyperspectral imagery classification (2015)

Multiple kinds of features extracted from hyperspectral imagery (HSI) have shown great potential for pixel-oriented classification. However, two difficulties can be encountered during the classification process. Firstly, it is time consuming to directly utilize the large amount of features. Secondly, because each kind of feature is usually processed individually, the high-level relationship among different features is not completely configured, decreasing the performance eventually. In this paper, a new strategy to fuse the features and exploit dictionary learning for HSI classification is proposed. Based on the high-level relationship, the extracted Gabor features have been integrated into a more compact and more discriminative representation through a Fisher-based criterion. Experimental results have shown that the fused features can not only produce competitive performance for HSI classification, but also greatly reduce the computational complexity.
A compact mass spectrometer for plasma discharge ion analysis (1996)

A simple, compact, and inexpensive mass spectrometer for ion species analysis in plasma processing experiments has been successfully operated. The above attractive attributes are made possible by a single-step mass analysis rather than the usual two-step process of ion extraction followed by mass filtering. Theory and data show that the single-step process can be used without compromising the accuracy of ion species concentrations for sufficiently low applied voltages and large front aperture separations. The instrument is small enough to be introduced in most plasma discharges for in situ rather than for edge studies. The mass spectrometer has a moderate resolution that is adequate for many applications. The instrument can be afforded by all researchers, can be easily built, and can be operated in steady-state or pulsed plasma discharges.
HEBS: Histogram Equalization for Backlight Scaling (2005)

In this paper, a method is proposed for finding a pixel transformation function that maximizes backlight dimming while maintaining a pre-specified image distortion level for a liquid crystal display. This is achieved by finding a pixel transformation function, which maps the original image histogram to a new histogram with lower dynamic range. Next the contrast of the transformed image is enhanced so as to compensate for brightness loss that would arise from backlight dimming. The proposed approach relies on an accurate definition of the image distortion which takes into account both the pixel value differences and a model of the human visual system and is amenable to highly efficient hardware realization. Experimental results show that the histogram equalization for backlight scaling method results in about 45% power saving with an effective distortion rate of 5% and 65% power saving for a 20% distortion rate. This is significantly higher power savings compared to previously reported backlight dimming approaches.
High-resolution imaging ellipsometer (2002)

We report on a novel imaging ellipsometer using a high-numerical-aperture (NA) objective lens capable of measuring a two-dimensional ellipsometric signal with high resolution. Two-dimensional ellipsometric imaging is made possible by spatial filtering at the pupil plane of the objective. A Richards-Wolf vectorial diffraction model and geometrical optics model are developed to simulate the system. The thickness profile of patterned polymethyl methacrylate is measured for calibration purposes. Our instrument has a sensitivity of 5 A and provides spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 microm with 632.8-nm illumination. Its capability of measuring refractive-index variations with high spatial resolution is also demonstrated.
Extension of Operational Range of Semiconductor Optical Add and Drop Multiplexer (2002)

The contra-directional coupling between waveguides with a large difference of effective refractive index Δneff was investigated in order to extend the operational range of an optical add and drop multiplexer, which consists of vertically stacked semiconductor waveguides. Numerical calculations were performed, and the contra-directional coupling between the waveguides with a large Δneff was experimentally confirmed. The operating range of the device was successfully extended by more than 40 nm by using dissimilar waveguides with Δneff of 3%.
Stability of Nanocrystals:  Thermodynamic Analysis of Oxidation and Re-reduction of Cobalt in Water/Hydrogen Mixtures (2005)

The stability of nanosized materials differs significantly from the stability of bulk materials. In this study a thermodynamic analysis on the simultaneous oxidation and re-reduction of small metallic cobalt crystallites in the presence of water and hydrogen as a function of the crystallite diameter was performed as a model for catalyst deactivation in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It is shown that spherical cobalt crystallites with a diameter less than 4.4 nm are likely to be oxidized under realistic Fischer-Tropsch synthesis conditions (p(H)(2)(O)/p(H)(2) < 1.5, T = 493 K).