gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THPC-Cyanamide Flame-Retardant Finish for Sleepwear Cotton 1 (1972)

Previous work at the Southern Division has shown that THPC-cyanamide reacts in the presence of phosphoric acid to impart durable flame retardancy to cotton textiles. However, the strength of the treated fabric is reduced considerably. This paper reports on a new improved formulation which contains dibasic sodium phosphate instead of phosphoric aicd. When this finish is applied to sleepwear, such as flannelette, durable flame resistance, together with good strength reten tion, is obtained. The effect of dibasic sodium phosphate concentration, mole ratio of reactants, and curing time on the durability and physical properties of the treated fabric are discussed.
Comparison of electric field emission from nitrogen-doped, type Ib diamond, and boron-doped diamond (1996)

Field emission of electrons from boron- and nitrogen-doped diamond is compared. Emission from boron-doped diamond requires vacuum electric fields of 20–50 V μm−1, while nitrogen-doped, type Ib diamond requires fields of 0–1 V μm−1. Since boron-doped diamond is very conductive, very little voltage drop occurs in the diamond during emission. Nitrogen-doped diamond is insulating, so during emission a potential of 1–10 kV appears in the diamond. This potential is a function of the back contact metal-diamond interface. A roughened interface substantially reduces the potential in the diamond and increases emission. The electrons are often emitted from the nitrogen-doped diamond as beamlets. These beamlets leave the surface of the diamond at angles up to 45° from the substrate normal. Although the vacuum field is small, these electrons have energies of several kV. It is unknown whether the electrons are accelerated to these energies in the bulk of the diamond, or at high electric fields near the emitting surface.
Method for the measurement of long minority carrier diffusion lengths exceeding wafer thickness (1993)

A procedure is presented for determining long minority carrier diffusion lengths, L, from the measurement of the surface photovoltage (SPV) as a function of the light penetration depth. The procedure uses explicit SPV formulas adopted for diffusion lengths longer than the light penetration depths. Results obtained on high-purity silicon demonstrate new capability for noncontact wafer-scale measurement of L values in a mm range, exceeding the wafer thickness by as much as a factor of 2.5. This factor can be increased by increasing the accuracy of SPV signal measurement. The procedure does not have the fundamental limitations of previous SPV methods in which the diffusion lengths were limited to about 70% of the wafer thickness.
Impact of novel palmitoylated prolactin-releasing peptide analogs on metabolic changes in mice with diet-induced obesity (2017)

Analogs of anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), have a potential as new anti-obesity drugs. In our previous study, palmitic acid attached to the N-terminus of PrRP enabled its central anorexigenic effects after peripheral administration. In this study, two linkers, γ-glutamic acid at Lys11 and a short, modified polyethylene glycol at the N-terminal Ser and/or Lys11, were applied for the palmitoylation of PrRP31 to improve its bioavailability. These analogs had a high affinity and activation ability to the PrRP receptor GPR10 and the neuropeptide FF2 receptor, as well as short-term anorexigenic effect similar to PrRP palmitoylated at the N-terminus. Two-week treatment with analogs that were palmitoylated through linkers to Lys11 (analogs 1 and 2), but not with analog modified both at the N-terminus and Lys11 (analog 3) decreased body and liver weights, insulin, leptin, triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acid plasma levels in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Moreover, the expression of uncoupling protein-1 was increased in brown fat suggesting an increase in energy expenditure. In addition, treatment with analogs 1 and 2 but not analog 3 significantly decreased urinary concentrations of 1-methylnicotinamide and its oxidation products N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, as shown by NMR-based metabolomics. This observation confirmed the previously reported increase in nicotinamide derivatives in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effectiveness of analogs 1 and 2 in the treatment of these disorders.
A robot-aided visuomotor wrist training induces gains in proprioceptive and movement accuracy in the contralateral wrist (2021)

Proprioceptive training is a neurorehabilitation approach known to improve proprioceptive acuity and motor performance of a joint/limb system. Here, we examined if such learning transfers to the contralateral joints. Using a robotic exoskeleton, 15 healthy, right-handed adults (18-35 years) trained a visuomotor task that required making increasingly small wrist movements challenging proprioceptive function. Wrist position sense just-noticeable-difference thresholds (JND) and spatial movement accuracy error (MAE) in a wrist-pointing task that was not trained were assessed before and immediately as well as 24 h after training. The main results are: first, training reduced JND thresholds (- 27%) and MAE (- 33%) in the trained right wrist. Sensory and motor gains were observable 24 h after training. Second, in the untrained left wrist, mean JND significantly decreased (- 32%) at posttest. However, at retention the effect was no longer significant. Third, motor error at the untrained wrist declined slowly. Gains were not significant at posttest, but MAE was significantly reduced (- 27%) at retention. This study provides first evidence that proprioceptive-focused visuomotor training can induce proprioceptive and motor gains not only in the trained joint but also in the contralateral, homologous joint. We discuss the possible neurophysiological mechanism behind such sensorimotor transfer and its implications for neurorehabilitation.
Rate-distortion optimized bit allocation for error resilient video transcoding (2004)

A key issue in video transcoding for transmission in an error-prone environment is to balance the rate used for the video source with bits allocated for error resilience such that the end-to-end distortion is minimized under the given rate constraint and channel condition. The approach presented in this paper differs from previous works by accounting for the inter-frame dependence in both video source requantization and error propagation of motion compensated video. Based on the rate-distortion models developed in this paper, an optimal group-of-picture based bit allocation scheme is proposed. We also propose a sub-optimal scheme that is suitable for a real-time implementation. Both the optimal and sub-optimal scheme achieves better PSNR performances than the fixed heuristic bit allocation scheme.
Effects of Growth Temperature on Carbon Nanotube Array Thermal Interfaces (2008)

Due to their excellent compliance and high thermal conductivity, dry carbon nanotube (CNT) array interfaces are promising candidates to address the thermal management needs of power dense microelectronic components and devices. However, typical CNT growth temperatures (∼800°C) limit the substrates available for direct CNT synthesis. A microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and a shielded growth technique were used to synthesize CNT arrays at various temperatures on silicon wafers. Measured growth surface temperatures ranged from 500°Cto800°C. The room-temperature thermal resistances of interfaces created by placing the CNT covered wafers in contact with silver foil (silicon-CNT-silver) were measured using a photoacoustic technique to range from approximately 7mm2°C∕Wto19mm2°C∕W at moderate pressures. Thermal resistances increased as CNT array growth temperature decreased primarily due to a reduction in the average diameter of CNTs in the arrays.
Investigations on intelligent photonic signal processing technology (2021)

As the ultra-high frequency nature of lightwave corresponds to great potential in wideband signal processing, nextgeneration electronic information systems of surveillance, radar and communications is promised with photonic signal processing systems. However, the sophisticated photonic systems suffer from various hardware defects, which severely limit the performance of signal processing. By introducing the emerging deep learning technology into the photonic system, the hardware defects can be recovered by the trained neural networks. Using different modified neural networks, we have demonstrated high-accuracy photonic analog-to-digital converters, Brillouin instantaneous frequency measurement, and high-fidelity photonic radar receivers. The demonstrated systems with simple configurations can outperform the conventional photonic processing system with complex configurations. Note that the adoption of neural networks may cause additional time delay to the signal flow. Photonic neural network accelerators (PNNs) become a promising solution to realize real-time signal processing. We propose and experimentally demonstrate several system architectures of photonic convolutional neural networks. The photonic dot product unit architecture implements the basic operation in convolution neural networks. And an optical patching scheme is demonstrated to enhances the power efficiency of the input ports in PNNs. Performance evaluations show that the proposed PNN architectures possess potential advantages of energy efficiency and computational power. We believe that, by combining the technical advantages of photonic signal processing and PNN acceleration, intelligent photonic signal processing systems with high-performance real-time wideband signal processing capabilities can be realized. Moreover, the large-scale photonic integration technology promises the fabrication of such hybrid systems in the future.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Multispecific Organic Anion Transporter 4 Expressed in the Placenta (2000)

A cDNA encoding a novel multispecific organic anion transporter, OAT4, was isolated from a human kidney cDNA library. The OAT4 cDNA consisted of 2210 base pairs that encoded a 550-amino acid residue protein with 12 putative membrane-spanning domains. The amino acid sequence of OAT4 showed 38 to 44% identity to those of other members of the OAT family. Northern blot analysis revealed that OAT4 mRNA is abundantly expressed in the placenta as well as in the kidney. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, OAT4 mediated the high affinity transport of estrone sulfate (K(m) = 1.01 microM) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (K(m) = 0.63 microM) in a sodium-independent manner. OAT4 also mediated the transport of ochratoxin A. OAT4-mediated transport of estrone sulfate was inhibited by several sulfate conjugates, such as p-nitrophenyl sulfate, alpha-naphthyl sulfate, beta-estradiol sulfate, and 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate. By contrast, glucuronide conjugates showed little or no inhibitory effect on the OAT4-mediated transport of estrone sulfate. OAT4 interacted with chemically heterogeneous anionic compounds, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, sulfobromophthalein, penicillin G, and bile salts, whereas tetraethylammonium, an organic cation, did not. OAT4 is the first member of the multispecific organic anion transporter family, which is expressed abundantly in the placenta. OAT4 might be responsible for the elimination and detoxification of harmful anionic substances from the fetus.
Modeling the anxiety–depression continuum hypothesis in domestic fowl chicks (2006)

Anxiety and depression are currently classified as separate clinical syndromes despite considerable similarities in their symptoms, pathophysiological substrates and response to treatment interventions. An alternative hypothesis views anxiety and depression along a temporal continuum, a construct that the current research attempts to model in a preclinical setting. In experiment 1, socially raised domestic fowl chicks separated from conspecifics demonstrated a pattern of distress vocalizations that sequentially models anxiety-like and depressive-like states. In addition, administration of the benzodiazepine anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide and the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine provided pharmacological validation for the model in that they were capable of dissociating the anxiety-like and depressive-like states. In experiment 2, corticosterone levels were quantified across the isolation test session to provide convergent validity to the model. These findings fit well with the human clinical literature on the anxiety-depression continuum perspective, and suggest the consideration of a nosology that emphasizes the inter-relatedness of these clinical states rather than their boundaries.
Simple and Inexpensive Organic Dyes with Hydrazone Moiety as π‐Conjugation Bridge for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Good, cheap light: A new type of D-π-A metal-free organic dye for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, employing a hydrazone fragment as π-conjugated bridge, is presented. These dyes are obtained from relatively cheap starting materials, without the use of expensive catalysts, rigorously anhydrous or oxygen-free conditions. The whole synthesis process is simplified, and costs of the final product are reduced. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electro-optic modulators based on organic single-crystal films (2001)

We describe the characterization of electro-optic properties of single crystal thin films of organic material N-(4- nitrophenyl)-(L)-prolinol grown by the plate-guided method. Characterization was performed using the longitudinal a.c modulation technique. The half-wave voltage, the figure-of- merit, and the related electro-optic coefficients were estimated to be 3.24 kV, 98 pm/V and 461(pm/V) and 154(pm/V) respectively.
A novel, high-sensitivity, small specimen creep test (2009)

This paper describes a novel, high-sensitivity, ring-type of small specimen creep test method, which can be used to obtain accurate creep strain data. A full theoretical description of the test technique is given; this is based on the complementary strain energy approach, which leads to an analytical solution for the load line deformation of an elliptical ring. Using the analytical solution, a reference stress approach is used to establish the conversion relationships between the applied load and the equivalent uniaxial stress and between the experimentally measured creep deformations and the equivalent uniaxial creep strains. The main features of the test method are: (a) the ring specimen has a significantly larger equivalent gauge length (EGL), when compared with that of other small specimen types; (b) the method is suitable for testing at lower stresses compared with commonly used current small-specimen test methods (this is because relatively low strains can be obtained from relatively large deformations); (c) specimens have simple geometries and the tests are easy to perform, and (d) the conversion relationships are material independent and practically insensitive to geometry change due to deformation. Experimental validation of the test method is made using the results obtained from creep tests for a P91 steel at 650 °C. Practical applications and future exploitation of the technique are addressed.
Deep eutectic solvent promoted one step sustainable conversion of fresh seaweed biomass to functionalized graphene as a potential electrocatalyst (2016)

A scalable production method for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe doped graphene nanosheets with electrocatalytic activity from fresh<italic>Sargassum tenerrimum</italic>using a deep eutectic solvent is developed.
A Novel Silver Molybdenum Oxyfluoride Perovskite as a Cathode Material for Lithium Batteries (2009)

Novel electroactive nanostructured silver molybdenum oxyfluoride (SMOF) perovskites Ag1+3Mo6+(O3F3) have been successfully synthesized by a mechanochemical reaction. The formation of this perovskite was investigated throughout the Ag−Mo composition range with the use of either Ag1+ or Ag2+ in the form of AgF and AgF2 as the reactant, respectively. The compositional study combined with X-ray diffraction and extensive Raman investigation was utilized to determine structure and cation distribution and infer oxidation state. Finally, preliminary electrochemical characterization of the perovskites vs lithium was investigated.
Oblivious transfer with access control (2009)

We present a protocol for anonymous access to a database where the different records have different access control permissions. These permissions could be attributes, roles, or rights that the user needs to have in order to access the record. Our protocol offers maximal security guarantees for both the database and the user, namely (1) only authorized users can access the record; (2) the database provider does not learn which record the user accesses; and (3) the database provider does not learn which attributes or roles the user has when she accesses the database.
Gibbs ringing in diffusion MRI (2015)

Regularized extrapolation of the k-space data significantly reduces truncation artifacts without compromising spatial resolution in comparison to the default option of window filtering. In particular, accuracy of estimating diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters improves so much that unconstrained fits become possible. Magn Reson Med 76:301-314, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A low-noise differential microphone inspired by the ears of the parasitoid fly <i>Ormia ochracea</i> (2009)

A miniature differential microphone is described having a low-noise floor. The sensitivity of a differential microphone suffers as the distance between the two pressure sensing locations decreases, resulting in an increase in the input sound pressure-referred noise floor. In the microphone described here, both the diaphragm thermal noise and the electronic noise are minimized by a combination of novel diaphragm design and the use of low-noise optical sensing that has been integrated into the microphone package. The differential microphone diaphragm measures 1 x 2 mm(2) and is fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon. The diaphragm design is based on the coupled directionally sensitive ears of the fly Ormia ochracea. The sound pressure input-referred noise floor of this miniature differential microphone has been measured to be less than 36 dBA.
C-Terminal Invariable Domain of VlsE Is Immunodominant but Its Antigenicity Is Scarcely Conserved among Strains of Lyme Disease Spirochetes (2001)

VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains two invariable domains located at the amino and carboxyl terminal ends, respectively, and a central variable domain. In this study, both immunogenicity and antigenic conservation of the C-terminal invariable domain were assessed. Mouse antiserum to a 51-mer synthetic peptide (Ct) which reproduced the entire sequence of the C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE from B. burgdorferi strain B31 was reacted on immunoblots with whole-cell lysates extracted from spirochetes of 12 strains from the B. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. The antiserum recognized only VlsE from strain B31, indicating that epitopes of this domain differed among these strains. When Ct was used as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen, all of the seven monkeys and six mice that were infected with B31 spirochetes produced a strong antibody response to this peptide, indicating that the C-terminal invariable domain is immunodominant. None of 12 monkeys and only 11 of 26 mice that were infected with strains other than B31 produced a detectable anti-Ct response, indicating a limited antigenic conservation of this domain among these strains. Twenty-six of 33 dogs that were experimentally infected by tick inoculation were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 5 of 18 serum samples from dogs clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. Fifty-seven of 64 serum specimens that were collected from American patients with Lyme disease were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 12 of 21 European samples contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. In contrast, antibody to the more conserved invariable region IR(6) of VlsE was present in all of these dog and human serum samples.
Industrial potential of cyclodextrin glycosyl transferases (1990)

The crystalline structure of cyclodextrins can provide a molecular cavity capable of «including» a variety of «guest» compounds and thereby protecting them against their environment (or vice versa) until released. The author discusses applications of cyclodextrins and their enzymatic production and role in starch processing
Device and method for electrochemically releasing a composition in a controlled manner (2014)

According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device (10) for electrochemically releasing a composition and comprising: one working electrode (30) comprising an electroactive conjugated polymer (40) containing or doped with said composition, a counter electrode (50), and a reference electrode (60). The device (10) is characterized in that it comprises electrical means (95, 100; 320; 165, 180) connected to the working electrode (30) and to the counter electrode (50) for obtaining at said working electrode (30) at least one composition releasing sequence (65) with respect to said reference electrode (60), each composition releasing sequence (65) comprising: a first voltametric pulse (70), followed by a rest period (80) during which no current is able to flow through said working electrode (30), followed by a second voltametric pulse (90), followed by an intermediate period (160) during which no current is able to flow through said working electrode (30).
Partitioning dataflow analyses using types (1997)

We present a simple method for partitioning a dataflow analysis problem into a series of related subproblems. We use type information (either declared by the programmer, or computed via nonstandard type inference) to conservatively approximate analysis-time data dependences between program quantities. This dependence information frees us from the need to model all program quantities simultaneously in a single, monolithic analysis. Instead, we can model quantities in any order, or even in parallel, so long as we respect the dependences. Our approach is independent of the means used to solve the subproblems, and enables the wider application of existing sparse approaches previously restricted to "separable" dataflow problems. Preliminary experiments applying our technique to flow-sensitive points-to analysis of C programs have achieved storage savings of 1.3-7.2x over existing methods.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Carbamate-Substituted Analogues of (+)-Discodermolide (2004)

[Structure: see text] The design, syntheses, and biological evaluation of 22 totally synthetic analogues of the potent microtubule-stabilizing agent (+)-discodermolide (1) have been achieved. Structure-activity relationships of the C(19) carbamate were defined, exploiting two synthetically simplified scaffolds, as well as the parent (+)-discodermolide framework.
Efficient optimal load and maximum output power determination for linear vibration energy harvesters with a two-measurement characterization method (2019)

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