gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Ended Speech Quality Measurement Using Machine Learning Methods (2006)

We describe a novel single-ended algorithm constructed from models of speech signals, including clean and degraded speech, and speech corrupted by multiplicative noise and temporal discontinuities. Machine learning methods are used to design the models, including Gaussian mixture models, support vector machines, and random forest classifiers. Estimates of the subjective mean opinion score (MOS) generated by the models are combined using hard or soft decisions generated by a classifier which has learned to match the input signal with the models. Test results show the algorithm outperforming ITU-T P.563, the current "state-of-art" standard single-ended algorithm. Employed in a distributed double-ended measurement configuration, the proposed algorithm is found to be more effective than P.563 in assessing the quality of noise reduction systems and can provide a functionality not available with P.862 PESQ, the current double-ended standard algorithm
Anxiolytic Action of Pterostilbene: Involvement of Hippocampal ERK Phosphorylation (2013)

Pterostilbene, a natural analog of resveratrol, has diverse health-beneficial properties. However, the neurological activities of this compound are largely unexplored. Here, we report that pterostilbene shows anxiolytic-like actions by down-regulating phosphorylated levels of extracellular regulated kinases in the hippocampus of mice. Adult male mice administered pterostilbene (1-10 mg/kg, p. o.) were subjected to the elevated plus maze test. Pterostilbene manifested anxiolytic activity at 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, demonstrated by increases in % permanence time and number of open arm entries. The locomotor activity of the animals was unaffected at all doses. Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in both extracellular regulated kinase 1 and extracellular regulated kinase 2 phosphorylation in hippocampal homogenates from mice treated with 1 and 2 mg/kg pterostilbene. Moreover, pterostilbene was detected in the plasma and brains of mice following single oral administration. Anxiolytic activity was not observed at the higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg). However, no impairment of motor function was observed either, suggesting a favorable safety index for the compound. These results suggest that pterostilbene has the potential for therapeutic drug development for anxiety disorders.
A General Approach towards NH‐Pyrazoles That Bear Diverse Fluoroalkyl Groups by Means of Fluorinated Iminium Salts (2015)

Abstract A new and general approach to important fluoroalkyl‐substituted pyrazoles has been developed. The approach is based on the use of fluoroalkyl amino reagents and their Lewis acid activation to form a fluoroalkyl iminium salt that acts as a formal “fluoroacyl transfer reagent”. Their interaction with readily available fluoroalkyl azines followed by spontaneous cyclization of the formed intermediates under acidic conditions leads to the formation of 3,5‐disubstituted pyrazoles. The reaction is extremely versatile, high yielding, and allows quick access to pyrazoles that bear two fluoroalkyl functionalities (identical or different). These compounds are otherwise difficult to prepare. The reaction is scalable and suitable for industrial production.
Bistatic antenna configurations for air-launched ground penetrating radar (2019)

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is valuable for the detection of subsurface objects with little or no metal content, such as plastics, ceramics, and concrete piping. However, the effects of antenna configuration parameters, such as height and angle, are not well studied for all sensing applications. GPR simulations and laboratory GPR experiments are performed to evaluate the effects of antenna angle and height on the sensitivity of bistatic air-launched GPR, to search for buried nonmetallic objects. The results presented provide guidance for the development of air-launched GPR systems installed on unmanned aerial vehicles for in-flight subsurface scanning of buried targets.
Optimized Li-Ion Electrolytes Containing Fluorinated Ester Co-Solvents (2010)

A number of experimental lithium-ion cells, consisting of MCMB (meso-carbon microbeads) carbon anodes and LiNi(0.8)Co(0.2)O2 cathodes, have been fabricated with increased safety and expanded capability. These cells serve to verify and demonstrate the reversibility, low-temperature performance, and electrochemical aspects of each electrode as determined from a number of electrochemical characterization techniques. A number of Li-ion electrolytes possessing fluorinated ester co-solvents, namely trifluoroethyl butyrate (TFEB) and trifluoroethyl propionate (TFEP), were demonstrated to deliver good performance over a wide temperature range in experimental lithium-ion cells. The general approach taken in the development of these electrolyte formulations is to optimize the type and composition of the co-solvents in ternary and quaternary solutions, focusing upon adequate stability [i.e., EC (ethylene carbonate) content needed for anode passivation, and EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) content needed for lowering the viscosity and widening the temperature range, while still providing good stability], enhancing the inherent safety characteristics (incorporation of fluorinated esters), and widening the temperature range of operation (the use of both fluorinated and non-fluorinated esters). Further - more, the use of electrolyte additives, such as VC (vinylene carbonate) [solid electrolyte interface (SEI) promoter] and DMAc (thermal stabilizing additive), provide enhanced high-temperature life characteristics. Multi-component electrolyte formulations enhance performance over a temperature range of -60 to +60 C. With the need for more safety with the use of these batteries, flammability was a consideration. One of the solvents investigated, TFEB, had the best performance with improved low-temperature capability and high-temperature resilience. This work optimized the use of TFEB as a co-solvent by developing the multi-component electrolytes, which also contain non-halogenated esters, film forming additives, thermal stabilizing additives, and flame retardant additives. Further optimization of these electrolyte formulations is anticipated to yield improved performance. It is also anticipated that much improved performance will be demonstrated once these electrolyte solutions are incorporated into hermetically sealed, large capacity prototype cells, especially if effort is devoted to ensure that all electrolyte components are highly pure.
Nanocrystalline diamond enhanced thickness shear mode resonator (2007)

A nanocrystalline diamond coated thickness shear mode resonator has been fabricated as an alternative to the quartz crystal microbalance. Due to the low temperature phase transition of quartz, the piezoelectric material was replaced with langasite, a piezoelectric with no phase transition up to its melting point. The resulting device shows clear resonant behavior and oscillates in both air and in liquid. The diamond coating shows clear faceting by scanning electron microscopy and sp3 bonding by Raman spectroscopy.
Contouring Aspheric Surfaces Using Two-wavelength Phase-shifting Interferometry (1985)

Abstract Two-wavelength holography and phase-shifting interferometry are combined to measure the phase contours of deep wavefronts and surfaces, such as those produced by aspherics, with a variable sensitivity. When interference fringes are very closely spaced, the phase data contain high frequencies where 2 ~ ambiguities cannot be resolved. In this technique, the surface is tested at a synthesized longer equivalent wavelength. The phase of the wavefront is calculated modulo 2φ using phase-shifting techniques at each of two visible wavelengths. The difference between these two phase sets is the phase of the wavefront as it would be measured at λeq=λ1λ2/|λ1 − λ2 |, assuming that 2π ambiguities can be removed at λeq. This technique enables surfaces to be contoured to an accuracy of λeq/100.
Device for damping of sounds used for motor vehicle e.g. truck, has diffuser unit which is situated on wall opposite each aperture to deflect air towards wall, so that air flow proceeds in different directions in through-flow space (2012)

Device for damping of sounds used for motor vehicle e.g. truck, has diffuser unit which is situated on wall opposite each aperture to deflect air towards wall, so that air flow proceeds in different directions in through-flow space
Three dimensional dielectrophoretic assembly of singlewalled carbon nanotubes for integrated circuit interconnects (2007)

In this paper, we report a novel technological approach for three dimensional (3D) assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using dielectrophoresis (DEP). The two terminal resistance of the assembled SWNTs is ˜ 545 Ohms. Encapsulation of the 3D structure with a thin layer of parylene-C protects it from the environment and keeps it intact. This directed assembly procedure is versatile, inexpensive, and achieved at room temperature. By utilizing a self-aligned three mask process, we demonstrate a 3D assembly/encapsulation method utilizing conductive SWNTs as the metallization material, parylene-C as the inter-level dielectric and the encapsulation layer. This technology is also applicable for vertical assembly of other conductive nanostructures and will enable 3D research in nanotechnology.
Variable frequency microwave curing in polymer systems (1995)

Problems with the uniformity of cure obtained in multimode ovens operating at 2.45 GHz have been overcome by utilizing Variable Frequency Microwave Processing. Hardness tests confirm DSC measurements that full cure and properties equivalent to conventional processing can be obtained. A batch up to 530g was successfully cured in 50 minutes using this technology, demonstrating large scale, efficient processing.
Intraneuronal Aβ as a trigger for neuron loss: can this be translated into human pathology? (2011)

In the present review, we summarize the current achievements of modelling early intraneuronal Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) accumulation in transgenic mice with the resulting pathological consequences. Of special importance will be to discuss recent developments and the translation of the results to AD (Alzheimer's disease). N-terminally truncated AβpE3 (Aβ starting with pyroglutamate at position 3) represents a major fraction of all Aβ peptides in the brain of AD patients. Recently, we generated a novel mAb (monoclonal antibody), 9D5, that selectively recognizes oligomeric assemblies of AβpE3 and demonstrated the potential involvement of oligomeric AβpE3 in vivo using transgenic mouse models as well as human brains from sporadic and familial AD cases. 9D5 showed an unusual staining pattern with almost non-detectable plaques in sporadic AD patients and non-demented controls. Interestingly, in sporadic and familial AD cases prominent intraneuronal staining was observed. Moreover, passive immunization of 5XFAD mice with 9D5 significantly reduced overall Aβ levels and stabilized behavioural deficits. In summary, we have demonstrated that intraneuronal Aβ is a valid risk factor in model systems and AD patients. This feature of AD pathology was successful in identifying novel low-molecular-mass oligomeric Aβ-specific antibodies for diagnosis and therapy.
Formulating genome‐scale kinetic models in the post‐genome era (2008)

The biological community is now awash in high-throughput data sets and is grappling with the challenge of integrating disparate data sets. Such integration has taken the form of statistical analysis of large data sets, or through the bottom-up reconstruction of reaction networks. While progress has been made with statistical and structural methods, large-scale systems have remained refractory to dynamic model building by traditional approaches. The availability of annotated genomes enabled the reconstruction of genome-scale networks, and now the availability of high-throughput metabolomic and fluxomic data along with thermodynamic information opens the possibility to build genome-scale kinetic models. We describe here a framework for building and analyzing such models. The mathematical analysis challenges are reflected in four foundational properties, (i) the decomposition of the Jacobian matrix into chemical, kinetic and thermodynamic information, (ii) the structural similarity between the stoichiometric matrix and the transpose of the gradient matrix, (iii) the duality transformations enabling either fluxes or concentrations to serve as the independent variables and (iv) the timescale hierarchy in biological networks. Recognition and appreciation of these properties highlight notable and challenging new in silico analysis issues.
Scintillation Performance of Aliovalently-Doped ${\rm CeBr}_{3}$ (2009)

Strengthening the crystal lattice of lanthanide halides, which are brittle, anisotropic, ionic crystals, may prove to increase the availability and ruggedness of these scintillators for room-temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy applications. Eight aliovalent dopants for CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> were explored in an effort to find the optimal aliovalent strengthening agent. Eight dopants, CaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SrBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , BaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , ZrBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , HfBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , ZnBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , CdBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and PbBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , were explored at two levels of doping, 500 and 1000 ppm. From each ingot, samples were harvested for radioluminescence spectrum measurement and scintillation testing. Of the eight dopants explored, only BaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and PbBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> were found to clearly decrease total light yield. ZnBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and CdBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dopants both affected the radioluminescence emission spectrum very little as compared to undoped CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . HfBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> - and ZnBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -doped CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> exhibited the highest light yields.
Seismic data compression using high-dimensional wavelet transforms (2002)

Seismic data have a number of unique characteristics that differentiate them from the still image and video data that are the focus of most lossy coding research efforts. Seismic data occupy three or four dimensions, and have a high degree of anisotropy with substantial amounts of noise. Two-dimensional coding approaches based on wavelets or the DCT achieve only modest compression ratios on such data because of these statistical properties, and because 2D approaches fail to fully leverage the redundancy in the higher dimensions of the data. We describe here a wavelet-based algorithm that operates directly in the highest dimension available, and which has been used to successfully compress geophysical data with no observable loss of geophysical information at compression ratios substantially greater than 100:1. This algorithm was successfully field tested on a vessel in the North Sea in July 1995, demonstrating the feasibility of performing on-board real-time compression and satellite downloading from marine seismic data acquisition platforms.
High Frequency Modulation and Optical Free Space Video Transmission using Quantum Cascade Lasers (2001)

High frequency (~2 GHz) modulation of the mid-infrared emission from graded superlattice quantum cascade lasers is demonstrated and applied to a free space transmission of video / audio signals over distances of 70 meters.
Low power field generation for magneto-optic fiber-based interferometric switches (2012)

A new fiber-based, magneto-optic switch is proposed with a novel approach for low power and efficient operation. The switch, with reasonable switching speed compared to competitive designs, operates at considerably reduced power levels, which makes it a practical deployable solution. The basic switch setup consists of a Faraday rotator in a Sagnac fiber-optic interferometer in which optical switching is controlled by an electronic driving circuit. The electronic system generates a magnetic field through the Faraday rotator by driving current through a specially designed two-coil system. The new coil system allows for sufficient field generation at low quiescent power levels while maintaining very short optical rise and fall times. The design and considerations as well as the effect of mutual inductance between the two coils and its influence on switching times are investigated. The optical system consists of a Sagnac interferometer with a Faraday rotator within the Sagnac loop. Appropriate phase shift for interference is achieved by the proposed field generating system designed for the magneto-optical element. The theory of operation, design, experimental results, and optical and electronic setup are presented and analyzed.
High-Density Functional Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptors on Primate Cells (1990)

Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) is a 27 amino acid hormone that elicits a variety of biological effects. Receptor-binding antagonists of GRP may have therapeutic use in several pathologic conditions including cancer. The identification and characterization of GRP receptor antagonists have been aided by the use of murine 3T3 cells that possess functional GRP receptors. However, no human or primate cell lines that possess high-density GRP receptors and exhibit a biochemical or biological response to GRP have been described. To address this problem, we examined a series of cell lines and found that GRP specifically binds to Cos-7 monkey cells and stimulates elevation of intracellular calcium in these cells. Cos-7 cells exhibit a single class of high-affinity (dissociation constant = 0.13 nM) GRP binding sites (35,000/cell). Cross-linking experiments that use radiolabeled GRP identified two species of putative GRP receptor proteins (relative molecular mass, 90,000 and 22,000). Competitive binding inhibition studies indicate that Cos-7 cells tightly bind GRP-specific receptor antagonists. These antagonists block the binding of radiolabeled GRP to Cos-7 cells and inhibit GRP-stimulated elevation of intracellular calcium. These properties make Cos-7 cells a useful reagent for the study of GRP receptor antagonists.
Abstract 14604: Radiofrequency Delivery and Ablation Lesion Size Are Reduced by Ambient Circulation Surrounding an Ablation Catheter Tip (2019)

Introduction: The ambient circulating environment (CE) surrounding an ablation catheter electrode may affect radiofrequency (RF) current. A higher flow CE around a catheter tip may impact RF of tar...
Reconfigurable Antenna Multiple Access for 5G mmWave Systems (2018)

This paper aims to realize a new multiple access technique based on recently proposed millimeter- wave reconfigurable antenna architectures. To this end, first we show that integration of the existing reconfigurable antenna systems with the well-known non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique causes a significant degradation in sum rate due to the inevitable power division in reconfigurable antennas. To circumvent this fundamental limit, a new multiple access technique is proposed. The technique which is called reconfigurable antenna multiple access (RAMA) transmits only each user's intended signal at the same time/frequency/code, which makes RAMA an inter-user interference-free technique. Two different cases are considered, i.e., RAMA with partial and full channel state information (CSI). In the first case, CSI is not required and only the direction of arrival for a specific user is used. Our analytical results indicate that with partial CSI and for symmetric channels, RAMA outperforms NOMA in terms of sum rate. Further, the analytical result indicates that RAMA for asymmetric channels achieves better sum rate than NOMA when less power is assigned to users that experience better channel quality. In the second case, RAMA with full CSI allocates optimal power to each user which leads to higher achievable rates compared to NOMA for both symmetric and asymmetric channels. The numerical computations demonstrate the analytical findings.
Packet throughput of adaptive space-time modulation (2004)

Adaptive space-time transmission for MIMO channels is considered. In contrast to pure diversity/multiplexing tradeoff, all component modes of the adaptive transmission are designed to enjoy transmit diversity, irrespective of the symbol rate. This is realized by using linear matrix modulators, a.k.a. non-orthogonal space-time block codes. Adaptation between modes with different data and symbol rate is based on a two-dimensional Channel Quality Indicator. The data rate is adapted depending on the received SNR, whereas the symbol rate is adapted depending on the practical channel rank. As an example, the packet throughput of a system with 4 transmit and 4 receive antennas is measured. Different correlation scenarios are considered, ranging from macro cells with very strong correlation between antenna elements to i.i.d. Rayleigh distributed channels.
Hybrid Information-Centric Networking (2019)

This documents describes the hybrid information-centric networking
(hICN) architecture for IPv6. The specifications describe a way to
implement information-networking functionalities into IPv6. The
objective is to use IPv6 without creating overlays with a new packet
format as an additional encapsulation. The intent of the present
design is to introduce some IPv6 routers in the network with
additional packet processing operations to implement ICN functions.
Moreover, the current design is tightly integrated into IPv6 to allow
easy interconnection to IPv6 networks with the additional design
objective to exploit existing IPv6 protocols as much as possible as
they are, or extend them where needed.
Magnetic field sensitivity of the photoelectrically read nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2022)

In this work, we report on the sensitivity of photo-electrical detection of magnetic resonances (PDMR) for magnetometry measurement using low density nitrogen vacancy (NV) ensembles in CVD-grown diamond. We demonstrate that the selection of the laser excitation wavelength is of importance for achieving optimal magnetic field sensitivity. The PDMR sensitivity obtained using a yellow-green (561 nm) laser surpasses the performances of a green laser (532 nm), by suppressing the photoionization of defects other than NV centers (such as P1 centers). It consequently allows to carry out the PDMR measurements at lower laser powers with increased magnetic resonance contrast. Noticeably for both the green and the yellow-green illuminations, PDMR leads to an improved sensitivity to magnetic fields in the selected conditions compared to optically detected magnetic resonance.