gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Adverse Events Following Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent Administration: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of 281 945 Injections (2019)

Background Acute allergic-like and physiologic reactions occur following administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) for MRI examinations. Because these reactions are uncommon, it is challenging to compare reaction rates between GBCAs and to determine risk factors. Purpose To compare reaction rates between the four GBCAs gadodiamide, gadobutrol, gadobenate dimeglumine, and gadoterate meglumine, and to determine potential risk factors for reactions. Materials and Methods This retrospective study identified all intravenous GBCA injections for MRI examinations performed at a single institution from June 1, 2009, to May 9, 2017. Reactions were identified by reviewing records from the MRI technologist, MRI nursing staff, radiologist, emergency department, and provider. Reactions were classified as allergic-like or physiologic and as mild, moderate, or severe by using American College of Radiology criteria. GBCA reaction rates and other potential risk factors were examined by using multivariable regression models with generalized estimating equations. Results Analysis included a total of 158 100 patients (median age, 55 years [interquartile range, 40-67 years], 51% women) who received a total of 281 945 GBCA injections (140 645 gadodiamide, 94 109 gadobutrol, 39 138 gadobenate, and 8053 gadoterate). At multivariate analysis, gadobenate or gadobutrol had higher rates of allergic-like reactions compared with gadodiamide (gadobenate: odds ratio [OR], 3.9 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 3.0, 5.1]; <i>P</i> < .001; gadobutrol: OR, 2.3 [95% CI: 1.8, 2.9]; <i>P</i> < .001) or gadoterate (gadobenate: OR, 4.8 [95% CI: 1.0, 23]; <i>P</i> = .049; gadobutrol: OR, 2.8 [95% CI: 0.6, 14]; <i>P</i> = .20). Physiologic reactions were more frequently observed with gadoterate (OR, 7.7 [95% CI: 2.3, 25; <i>P</i> = .001), gadobenate (OR, 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3, 2.5; <i>P</i> < .001), and gadobutrol (OR, 1.6 [95% CI: 1.3, 2.1; <i>P</i> < .001) administration compared with gadodiamide. Six severe allergic-like reactions (three gadobutrol, three gadobenate) occurred requiring hospitalization. Patient age (<i>P</i> values .025 to < .001), sex (<i>P</i> < .001), location (<i>P</i> = .006), and MRI type (<i>P</i> = .003 and <i>P</i> = .006) were associated with acute reactions. Conclusion Gadobenate and gadobutrol are associated with higher rates of allergic-like reactions compared with gadodiamide or gadoterate, and gadoterate, gadobenate, and gadobutrol are associated with higher rates of physiologic reactions compared with gadodiamide. Patient sex, age, location, and MRI type correlate with acute reaction rates. © RSNA, 2019 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
A New Riemannian Setting for Surface Registration (2011)

We present a new approach for matching regular surfaces in a Riemannian setting. We use a Sobolev type metric on deformation vector fields which form the tangent bundle to the space of surfaces. In this article we compare our approach with the diffeomorphic matching framework. In the latter approach a deformation is prescribed on the ambient space, which then drags along an embedded surface. In contrast our metric is defined directly on the deformation vector field and can therefore be called an inner metric. We also show how to discretize the corresponding geodesic equation and compute the gradient of the cost functional using finite elements.
hSWS1·SWSAP1 Is an Evolutionarily Conserved Complex Required for Efficient Homologous Recombination Repair (2011)

The Shu complex in yeast plays an important role in the homologous recombination pathway, which is critical for the maintenance of genomic integrity. The identification of human SWS1 (hSWS1) as the homolog of budding yeast Shu2 implicated that the Shu complex is evolutionarily conserved. However, the human counterparts of other components in this complex have not yet been identified and characterized. Here we describe the characterization of a novel human component of this complex, SWSAP1 (hSWS1-associated protein 1)/C19orf39. We show that hSWS1 and SWSAP1 form a stable complex in vivo and in vitro. hSWS1 and SWSAP1 are mutually interdependent for their stability. We further demonstrate that the purified hSWS1·SWSAP1 complex possesses single-stranded DNA-binding activity and DNA-stimulated ATPase activity. Moreover, SWSAP1 interacts with RAD51 and RAD51 paralogs, and depletion of SWSAP1 causes defects in homologous recombination repair. Thus, our results suggest that the human Shu complex (hSWS1·SWSAP1) has an evolutionarily conserved function in homologous recombination.
High Luminance Graphic Vacuum Fluorescent Display for Automotive Applications (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) is widely accepted as a superior display device because of it's self luminance and excellent readability. A reconfigurable graphic VFD consisting of 128 X 32 dots, with high luminance, has been developed. It is suitable as a multi function automotive message display. To realize a high luminance and reliable graphic VFD, the improved phosphor material, mechanical construction and driving condition have been studied. This paper discusses these considerations to achieve high luminance.</div>
An electron optical system for sheet beam vacuum electron devices (2011)

In this study we report on a development of electron optical systems including electron gun, focus system and depressed collector for sheet beam vacuum electron devices (VED). To support the requirement of the electron-wave interaction, we aim to produce a beam with current density of approximate 200A/cm2 and an aspect ratio of 6:1. A PCM magnet stack is used for the focusing of the beam in the slow wave structure. A multistage depressed collector dedicated to sheet beam device is proposed, which is expected to aim a higher collector efficiency and better thermal distribution relative to conventional ones.
Study of ironless permanent magnet devices being both a coupling and an axial bearing for naval propulsion (2003)

This paper describes the study of an original permanent magnet device. This device works as both a coupling and as an axial bearing. It can be particularly useful in naval propulsion application to transmit the torque without any contact between a motor axis and the propeller and to maintain the propeller in its axial position, compensating the axial force related to thrust. Two kinds of devices are studied for this type of specification. The first corresponds to the classical structure of cylindrical air-gap coupling. The second is an original structure where pairs of rings of axially magnetized magnets are stacked on each rotor. The computation of the behavior of the device (torque and axial force) is done using a semi-analytical method based on magnetic charge theory. This method allows a very fast calculation of the performances of the devices. This study shows the interest of the stacked structure for this type of application.
Uncoupling Protein 3 (UCP3) Stimulates Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cells through a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent Mechanism (2001)

UCP3 is a mitochondrial membrane protein expressed in humans selectively in skeletal muscle. To determine the mechanisms by which UCP3 plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism, we expressed human UCP3 in L6 myotubes by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and in H(9)C(2) cardiomyoblasts by stable transfection with a tetracycline-repressible UCP3 construct. Expression of UCP3 in L6 myotubes increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake 2-fold and cell surface GLUT4 2.3-fold, thereby reaching maximally insulin-stimulated levels in control myotubes. Wortmannin, LY 294002, or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein abolished the effect of UCP3 on glucose uptake, and wortmannin inhibited UCP3-induced GLUT4 cell surface recruitment. UCP3 overexpression increased phosphotyrosine-associated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity 2.2-fold compared with control cells (p < 0.05). UCP3 overexpression increased lactate release 1.5- to 2-fold above control cells, indicating increased glucose metabolism. In H(9)C(2) cardiomyoblasts stably transfected with UCP3 under control of a tetracycline-repressible promotor, removal of doxycycline resulted in detectable levels of UCP3 at 12 h and 2.2-fold induction at 7 days compared with 12 h. In parallel, glucose transport increased 1.3- and 2-fold at 12 h and 7 days, respectively, and the stimulation was inhibited by wortmannin or genistein. p85 association with membranes was increased 5.5-fold and phosphotyrosine-associated PI3K activity 3.8-fold. In contrast, overexpression of UCP3 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes did not alter glucose uptake, suggesting tissue-specific effects of human UCP3. Thus, UCP3 stimulates glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells by activating a PI3K dependent pathway.
Probabilistic Reasoning via Deep Learning: Neural Association Models (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new deep learning approach, called neural association model (NAM), for probabilistic reasoning in artificial intelligence. We propose to use neural networks to model association between any two events in a domain. Neural networks take one event as input and compute a conditional probability of the other event to model how likely these two events are to be associated. The actual meaning of the conditional probabilities varies between applications and depends on how the models are trained. In this work, as two case studies, we have investigated two NAM structures, namely deep neural networks (DNN) and relation-modulated neural nets (RMNN), on several probabilistic reasoning tasks in AI, including recognizing textual entailment, triple classification in multi-relational knowledge bases and commonsense reasoning. Experimental results on several popular datasets derived from WordNet, FreeBase and ConceptNet have all demonstrated that both DNNs and RMNNs perform equally well and they can significantly outperform the conventional methods available for these reasoning tasks. Moreover, compared with DNNs, RMNNs are superior in knowledge transfer, where a pre-trained model can be quickly extended to an unseen relation after observing only a few training samples. To further prove the effectiveness of the proposed models, in this work, we have applied NAMs to solving challenging Winograd Schema (WS) problems. Experiments conducted on a set of WS problems prove that the proposed models have the potential for commonsense reasoning.
The Role of ELOVL2 in Aging and Eye Disease (2018)

Our group recently developed a quantitative model for human aging based on genome-wide DNA methylation patterns using measurements at 470,000 CpG markers from whole blood1. It is highly accurate at predicting age, and can also discriminate relevant factors in aging, including gender and genetic variants. With this model, there is evidence that metabolic traits such as body mass index and diabetes impact biological aging. In addition, these methylation patterns are strongly correlated with cellular senescence and aging. The top age-predictive CpG marker in our model, and 3 out of the top 12 markers, reside on ELOVL2, a gene involved in elongation of fatty acids. Because of the links between lipid metabolism and aging2–4, we decided to study the relationship between this gene and aging. We found that in WI-38 and IMR-90 human fibroblasts, two common model cell lines of aging, ELOVL2 methylation increases and expression decreases substantially with passage number, and that knocking down ELOVL2 negatively influences cellular aging phenotypes. In mice, we found that mutant ELOVL2 results in an eye aging phenotype which may relate to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In a screen of aging-related molecules, we identified Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) and L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (VcP) as modulators of aging phenotypes. We observed amelioration of aging phenotypes, and increased expression and decreased methylation of ELOVL2 upon administration of VcP and 5-Aza in aging cell lines. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of AMD phenotypes upon intraocular injection with 5-Aza. We hypothesize that VcP and 5-Aza can modulate aging phenotypes by influencing DNA methylation, and that ELOVL2 plays a role in aging.
Secreted Phytase Activities of Yeasts (2000)

The enzyme phytase dephosphorylates phytin (inositol hexaphosphate), a major phosphate reserve in plants. We found that a large number of yeast species secreted a phytase. Several species were identified as high phytase producers. The yeast enzymes had an optimal activity at pH 4-5 and generally a very high optimal temperature, ranging from 60 degrees C to 80 degrees C.
Introduction of machine learning (2019)

Machine learning, as a subfield of artificial intelligence, is a category of algorithms that allow computers to learn knowledge from examples and experience (data), without being explicitly programmed. Machine-learning algorithms can find natural patterns hidden in massive complex data, which humans can hardly deal with manually.In wireless communications, when you encounter a complex task or problem involving a large amount of data and lots of variables, but without existing formula or equation, machine learning can be a solution. Traditionally, machine-learning algorithms can be roughly divided into three categories: supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning (RL). In this chapter, we present an overview of machine-learning algorithms and list their applications, with a goal of providing useful advice and references to fundamental concepts accessible to the broad community of wireless communications practitioners.
Necrotizing Hepatitis in Pet Birds Associated with Pseudomonas fluorescens (1996)

Six pet birds, from a flock of 100 birds of various species, died within a 2-day period. Drinking water had recently been changed from potable water to irrigation water. Three birds submitted for necropsy had hepatic necrosis with numerous gram-negative rodshaped bacteria present in necrotic areas and Kuppfer cells. Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated in pure culture from the livers of all three birds and from other organs. This is the first report of naturally occurring disease in which P. fluorescens was the sole etiologic agent identified.
A review of the preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes-reinforced polymer compositess (2011)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have high Young's modulus, low density, and excellent electrical and thermal properties, which make them ideal fillers for polymer composites. Homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in a polymer matrix plays a crucial role in the preparation of polymer composites based on interfacial interactions between CNTs and the polymer matrix. The addition of a small amount of CNTs strongly improves the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites. This paper aims to review the processing technology and improvement of properties of CNT-reinforced polymer composites.
Environmental control of fine root dynamics in a northern hardwood forest (2003)

Abstract Understanding how exogenous and endogenous factors control the distribution, production and mortality of fine roots is fundamental to assessing the implications of global change, yet our knowledge of control over fine root dynamics remains rudimentary. To improve understanding of these processes, the present study developed regression relationships between environmental variables and fine root dynamics within a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA, which was experimentally manipulated with a snow removal treatment. Fine roots (< 1 mm diameter) were observed using minirhizotrons for 2 years in sugar maple and yellow birch stands and analyzed in relation to temperature, water and nutrient availability. Fine root dynamics at this site fluctuated seasonally, with growth and mortality peaking during warmer months. Monthly fine root production was strongly associated with mean monthly air temperature and neither soil moisture nor nutrient availability added additional predictive power to this relationship. This relationship exhibited a seasonal temperature hysteresis, which was altered by snow removal treatment. These results suggest that both exogenous and endogenous cues may be important in controlling fine root growth in this system. Proportional fine root mortality was directly associated with mean monthly soil temperature, and proportional fine root mortality during the over‐winter interval was strongly related to whether the soil froze. The strong relationship between fine root production and air temperature reported herein contrasts with findings from some hardwood forest sites and indicates that controls on fine root dynamics vary geographically. Future research must more clearly distinguish between endogenous and exogenous control over fine root dynamics in various ecosystems.
Mutants of GABA Transaminase (POP2) Suppress the Severe Phenotype of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ssadh) Mutants in Arabidopsis (2008)

We conclude that the lack of supply of succinate and NADH to the TCA cycle is not responsible for the oxidative stress and growth retardations of ssadh mutants. Rather, we suggest that the accumulation of SSA, GHB, or both, produced downstream of the GABA-T transamination step, is toxic to the plants, resulting in high ROI levels and impaired development.
Preparation and Properties of mRNA 5-cap Structure (2005)

The 5-terminus of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules contains an unique structure, viz. a dinucleoside 5,5-triphosphate moiety where the terminal nucleoside is 7-methylguanosine. This 5-cap structure serves as a site of recognition for numerous enzymes involved in splicing, transport and translation of mRNA, and protects mRNA against intracellular exonucleases. In addition, viral RNA polymerases use capped mRNA sequences of the host cell as primers for viral RNA synthesis. Understanding of molecular mechanism of all these processes requires detailed information on the chemical properties of the cap structure, including capability to prepare conjugates and structural analogs of the cap for research tools. This review tends to summarize the present knowledge on various aspects of the chemistry of the cap structure, including chemical stability and mechanisms of breakdown, protolytic and complexing equilibria, stacking interactions and synthetic methodology. Keywords: eukaryotic mrna, hydrolytic reactions, nucleosides, intramolecular interactions, protonation, methylguanine, fluorescence absorption
Evaluation and Prediction of Deposit Severity in SCR Systems (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this work we extended the findings from a previous study by the authors on the mechanisms and influence factors of deposit formation in urea-based selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR) [<span class="xref">1</span>]. A broader range of operating conditions was investigated in detail. In order to quantify the boundary conditions of deposition, a representative set of deposits was studied during formation and decomposition. A box of heat resisting glass was equipped with a surrogate mixing element to monitor solidification timescales, temperatures and deposit growth. A chemical analysis of the deposits was performed using thermogravimetry. The depletion timescales of individual deposit components were systematically investigated. A moderate temperature increase to 350 °C was deemed sufficient to trigger fast decomposition of deposits formed below 250 °C. Above, the amount of temperature-stable components increased noticeably, and temperatures in excess of 600 °C were expected to be required for fast decomposition. Starting from 270 °C deposits were formed within less than 160 s and accumulated rapidly. Based on the combined data, an existent model for the prediction of deposit formation based on CFD simulations of the thermodynamic properties of the wall film [<span class="xref">1</span>] was extended to account for the deposit severity. The model accurately predicted the risk of deposit formation. The impact of the applied mixing element, injector and injection rate were represented very well.</div></div>
Inhibition of Tumor Metastasis by a Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 2 Src Homology 2 Domain–Binding Antagonist (2007)

Metastasis, the primary cause of death in most forms of cancer, is a multistep process whereby cells from the primary tumor spread systemically and colonize distant new sites. Blocking critical steps in this process could potentially inhibit tumor metastasis and dramatically improve cancer survival rates; however, our understanding of metastasis at the molecular level is still rudimentary. Growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2) is a widely expressed adapter protein with roles in epithelial cell growth and morphogenesis, as well as angiogenesis, making it a logical target for anticancer drug development. We have previously shown that a potent antagonist of Grb2 Src homology-2 domain-binding, C90, blocks growth factor-driven cell motility in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. We now report that C90 inhibits metastasis in vivo in two aggressive tumor models, without affecting primary tumor growth rate. These results support the potential efficacy of this compound in reducing the metastatic spread of primary solid tumors and establish a critical role for Grb2 Src homology-2 domain-mediated interactions in this process.
Rambling and Trembling in Response to Body Loading (2012)

Various studies have suggested that postural sway is controlled by at least two subsystems. Rambling-Trembling analysis is a widely accepted methodology to dissociate the signals generated by these two hypothetical subsystems. The core assumption of this method is based on the equilibrium point hypothesis which suggests that the central nervous system preserves upright standing by transiently shifting the center of pressure (COP) from one equilibrium point to another. The trajectory generated by this shifting is referred to as rambling and its difference from the original COP signal is referred to as trembling. In this study we showed that these two components of COP are differentially affected when standing with external loads. Using Detrended Fluctuation analysis, we compared the pattern of these two signals in different configurations of body loading. Our findings suggest that by applying an external load, the dynamics of the trembling component is altered independently of the area of postural sway and also independently of the rambling component. The dynamics of rambling changed only during the backloading condition in which the postural sway area also substantially increased. It can be suggested that during loaded standing, the trembling mechanism (which is suggested to be activated by peripheral mechanisms and reflexes) is altered without affecting the central influence on the shifts of the equilibrium point.
An introduction to cost-effectiveness and cost–benefit analysis of pharmacogenomics (2003)

Methods of economic evaluation, especially cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis, are widely used to examine new healthcare technologies. However, few economic evaluations of pharmacogenomics have been conducted, and pharmacogenomic researchers may be unfamiliar with how to review or conduct these analyses. This review provides an overview of the methods of economic evaluation and examples of where they have been applied to pharmacogenomics. We discuss the steps in conducting a cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analysis, demonstrating these steps using specific examples from the pharmacogenomics literature.