gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redox Active Polymers as Soluble Nanomaterials for Energy Storage (2016)

It is an exciting time for exploring the synergism between the chemical and dimensional properties of redox nanomaterials for addressing the manifold performance demands faced by energy storage technologies. The call for widespread adoption of alternative energy sources requires the combination of emerging chemical concepts with redesigned battery formats. Our groups are interested in the development and implementation of a new strategy for nonaqueous flow batteries (NRFBs) for grid energy storage. Our motivation is to solve major challenges in NRFBs, such as the lack of membranes that simultaneously allow fast ion transport while minimizing redox active species crossover between anolyte (negative electrolyte) and catholyte (positive electrolyte) compartments. This pervasive crossover leads to deleterious capacity fade and materials underutilization. In this Account, we highlight redox active polymers (RAPs) and related polymer colloids as soluble nanoscopic energy storing units that enable the simple but powerful size-exclusion concept for NRFBs. Crossover of the redox component is suppressed by matching high molecular weight RAPs with simple and inexpensive nanoporous commercial separators. In contrast to the vast literature on the redox chemistry of electrode-confined polymer films, studies on the electrochemistry of solubilized RAPs are incipient. This is due in part to challenges in finding suitable solvents that enable systematic studies on high polymers. Here, viologen-, ferrocene- and nitrostyrene-based polymers in various formats exhibit properties that make amenable their electrochemical exploration as solution-phase redox couples. A main finding is that RAP solutions store energy efficiently and reversibly while offering chemical modularity and size versatility. Beyond the practicality toward their use in NRFBs, the fundamental electrochemistry exhibited by RAPs is fascinating, showing clear distinctions in behavior from that of small molecules. Whereas RAPs conveniently translate the redox properties of small molecules into a nanostructure, they give rise to charge transfer mechanisms and electrolyte interactions that elicit distinct electrochemical responses. To understand how the electrochemical characteristics of RAPs depend on molecular features, including redox moiety, macromolecular size, and backbone structure, a range of techniques has been employed by our groups, including voltammetry at macro- and microelectrodes, rotating disk electrode voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, and scanning electrochemical microscopy. RAPs rely on three-dimensional charge transfer within their inner bulk, which is an efficient process and allows quantitative electrolysis of particles of up to ∼800 nm in radius. Interestingly, we find that interactions between neighboring pendants create unique opportunities for fine-tuning their electrochemical reactivity. Furthermore, RAP interrogation toward the single particle limit promises to shed light on fundamental charge storage mechanisms.
Preparation of Ovine Adenovirus Vectors (2003)

Human adenovirus vectors have been used widely as gene delivery vehicles. However, one major problem related to the use of these vectors is the presence of a preexisting immunity to human adenoviruses in a majority of the population. We (1–3) and others (4–6) are therefore developing nonhuman adenoviruses as gene therapy vectors. Among these, vectors derived from the ovine adenovirus isolate 287 (OAV) have been found to deliver genes with high efficiency to several mammals. This chapter introduces this novel vector system and describes the methodology of generating OAV vectors.
Modifications on event streams for the real-time analysis of distributed fixed-priority systems (2006)

In this paper, we present a real-time analysis for complex distributed systems. The event stream model describes the occurrences of events within arbitrary time intervals. We propose a method to explore the modification of these occurrences as the events are processed within a complex task system. By observing the effects of several tasks competing for the same resource, additional insight can be won on the density of the events generated by the individual tasks
Single electron beam rf feedback free electron laser (1981)

The docking analysis proposed that the inhibitory activity correlates with the hydrogen bonds inside the binding pocket. Thus, these derivatives are of interest and may further be investigated for their importance in medicinal chemistry.
Compiler synthesized dynamic branch prediction (1996)

Branch prediction is the predominant approach for minimizing the pipeline breaks caused by branch instructions. Traditionally, branch prediction is accomplished in one of two ways, static prediction at compile-time via compiler analysis or dynamic prediction at run-time via special hardware structures. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that aims to combine the strengths of the two approaches -- the lower cost of compile-time analysis with the effectiveness of dynamic prediction. Specifically, we propose that the compiler use profile feedback to define a prediction function for each branch and insert a few explicit instructions per branch into the compiled code to compute the prediction function. These instructions are carefully selected to predict the direction of the branch using any information available during run-time. A strength of this approach is that information beyond branch history can be used to make predictions, such as the contents of the architectural registers. To substantiate our proposal, we present an algorithm for selecting the prediction instructions, and demonstrate the performance of the approach against contemporary static and dynamic branch prediction strategies.
Nanostructured Materials from Radially Layered Copolymeric Amidoamine-Organosilicon (PAMAMOS) Dendrimers (2000)

Abstract Radially layered copolymeric poly(amidoamine-organosilicon) (PAMAMOS) dendrimers have been prepared with hydrophilic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) interiors and hydrophobic organosilicon (OS) exteriors. At low degrees of surface derivitization with trimethylsilyl-groups these dendrimers significantly reduce water surface tension. At higher degrees they become insoluble and form spread monolayers on water which on compression can sustain surface pressures of over 50 mN/m due to the strong attraction of the PAMAM core to the water surface. When reactive organosilicon terminating units such as methoxysilyl- groups are incorporated, the copolydendrimers can be crosslinked into networks. These new elastomeric or plastomeric dendritic materials have well-defined, nanoscopic domains with the ability to complex and encapsulate within the PAMAM domains, a wide variety of metal compounds and metal atoms.
Charge-coupled imaging devices: Design considerations (1971)

In this paper some of the parameters relevant to the design of charge-coupled imaging devices are considered. Among these are charge storage capability, transfer efficiency, charge conservation, dark current, and the anticipated signal-to-noise ratio. Each is discussed, and the resultant effects on the performance of imaging devices are investigated.
Transient performance of PacketScore for blocking DDoS attacks (2004)

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is a critical threat to the Internet. Recently we have proposed the PacketScore scheme, a DDoS defense architecture that supports automated attack detection, on-line attack characterization and attack blocking. Its key idea is to use a statistics-based packet scoring mechanism to distinguish between legitimate and non-legitimate packets and discard packets based on the packet scores. In order for such an approach to work, we need to perform on-line traffic characterizations, and compare such characterizations with the nominal profiles (generated from past history or off-line analysis). The threshold used for the score-based selective packet discard decision is dynamically adjusted based on the score distribution of recent incoming packets. In our previous paper [Kim et al. 2004], we discuss how our proposed system performs in different attack scenarios. In this paper, we first give a brief review of the PacketScore approach and further elaborate on the transient performance under varying attack types and intensities, which may be exploited in more sophisticated attacks. We then show that PacketScore is well capable of blocking such sophisticated attacks by simply adjusting the measurement window time scale to closely track the attack profile.
A mapping mechanism to support bitmap index and other auxiliary structures on tables stored as primary B <sup>+</sup> -trees (2002)

Any auxiliary structure, such as a bitmap or a B+-tree index, that refers to rows of a table stored as a primary B+-tree (e.g., tables with clustered index in Microsoft SQL Server, or index-organized tables in Oracle) by their physical addresses would require updates due to inherent volatility of those addresses. To address this problem, we propose a mapping mechanism that 1) introduces a single mapping table, with each row holding one key value from the primary B+-tree, as an intermediate structure between the primary B+-tree and the associated auxiliary structures, and 2) augments the primary B+-tree structure to include in each row the physical address of the corresponding mapping table row. The mapping table row addresses can then be used in the auxiliary structures to indirectly refer to the primary B+-tree rows. The two key benefits are: 1) the mapping table shields the auxiliary structures from the volatility of the primary B+-tree row addresses, and 2) the method allows reuse of existing conventional table mechanisms for supporting auxiliary structures on primary B+-trees. The mapping mechanism is used for supporting bitmap indexes on index-organized tables in Oracle9i. The analytical and experimental studies show that the method is storage efficient, and (despite the mapping table overhead) provides performance benefits that are similar to those provided by bitmap indexes implemented on conventional tables.
Rapid Pressure Swing Adsorption for Reduction of Bed Size Factor of a Medical Oxygen Concentrator (2011)

Reduction of the adsorber size of a medical oxygen concentrator (MOC) employing a generic pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology is an ongoing research and development activity. The MOC typically produces a 90–93% O2-enriched product gas from ambient air at a rate of ≤10 L/minute (LPM) for individual use. A common practice is to reduce the total cycle time (tc, seconds) of the PSA process in order to decrease the bed size factor [BSF, pounds of adsorbent in the PSA unit per ton of contained O2 per day production rate (TPDc)]. Adsorbent columns packed with very small adsorbent particles are used to enhance the adsorption kinetics for rapid PSA cycle operation. An experimental mini-PSA set up was used to measure the performance of a simulated Skarstrom-like PSA cycle using a commercial sample of LiX zeolite as the air separation sorbent. Different adsorbent particle sizes, adsorption pressures, and cycle times were tested. It was experimentally demonstrated that BSF cannot be indefinitely reduced by lowering tc because of finite adsorbate mass transfer and gas–solid heat transfer resistances, as well as column pressure drop during the desorption step. A BSF of ∼25–50 lbs/TPDc with an O2 recovery of ∼25–35% for production of ∼90% O2 could be achieved by the PSA process using a dry, CO2-free air feed at a pressure of 3–4 atm, an adsorbent particle size of ∼0.35 mm, and a total cycle time of 3–5 s. A novel ‘snap on’ concept of a truly compact and portable MOC was proposed.
Novel 1500 nm-band EDFA with discrete Raman amplifier (2002)

We first demonstrate amplification in EDFA at wavelengths of 1489-1519 nm using a multi-stage configuration of silica-based EDF (erbium doped fiber) and ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) suppressing filters. The Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifier realizes a useful S-band optical amplifier with dispersion compensation and low non-linearity.
Broadband thermal optical limiter (1993)

The limiting behavior of nigrosin dye dissolved in carbon disulfide was investigated in an f/5 defocusing geometry using 6 ns duration 532 nm laser excitation. Nigrosin dye is a broadband visible light absorber that is used here in conjunction with the large thermal nonlinearity of carbon disulfide solvent to defocus intense incident visible light. A limiting threshold energy of 40 nJ, corresponding to a fluence of only 100 mJ/cm2 in the solution, was observed with device absorption adjusted to 53%.
Design, specification, implementation and evaluation of a freeway queue warning system (2017)

The formation and propagation of queues on urban freeways is an unavoidable result of the ever-increasing traffic demand. This paper presents the design, specification, implementation and evaluation of an infrastructure based Queue Warning system (QWARN) that is capable of detecting dangerous traffic conditions, i.e. crash-prone conditions, on freeways and delivering warning messages to drivers, in order to increase their alertness to these traffic conditions and ultimately reduce the crash frequency on urban freeways. This study utilizes measurements of individual vehicle speeds and time headways at two fixed locations on the freeway mainline. The Queue Warning system was implemented at the right lane of a 1.7-mile-long freeway segment of Interstate 94 WB where the event frequency prior to the systems installation was 11.9 crashes per million vehicles traveled and 111.8 near crashes per million vehicles traveled. The control algorithm assesses the dangerousness of the given traffic condition and responds with a warning result based on a multi-metrics traffic evaluation model. The system translates the warning result into readable messages and delivers them to the two sets of signs located upstream of the detection zone. A three-month investigation of the operations of the QWARN system showed the event frequency reduced to 9.34 crashes per million vehicle traveled and 51.8 near crashes per million vehicle traveled. The result shows a 20% decrease of crash frequency and the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
APE1/Ref-1Role in Redox Signaling: Translational Applications of Targeting the Redox Function of the DNA Repair/Redox Protein APE1/Ref-1 (2012)

The heterogeneity of most cancers diminishes the treatment effectiveness of many cancer-killing regimens. Thus, treatments that hold the most promise are ones that block multiple signaling pathways essential to cancer survival. One of the most promising proteins in that regard is APE1, whose reduction-oxidation activity influences multiple cancer survival mechanisms, including growth, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and stress responses. With the continued research using APE1 redox specific inhibitors alone or coupled with developing APE1 DNA repair inhibitors it will now be possible to further delineate the role of APE1 redox, repair and protein-protein interactions. Previously, use of siRNA or over expression approaches, while valuable, do not give a clear picture of the two major functions of APE1 since both techniques severely alter the cellular milieu. Additionally, use of the redox-specific APE1 inhibitor, APX3330, now makes it possible to study how inhibition of APE1s redox signaling can affect multiple tumor pathways and can potentiate the effectiveness of existing cancer regimens. Because APE1 is an upstream effector of VEGF, as well as other molecules that relate to angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, it is also being studied as a possible treatment for agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. This paper reviews all of APE1s functions, while heavily focusing on its redox activities. It also discusses APE1s altered expression in many cancers and the therapeutic potential of selective inhibition of redox regulation, which is the subject of intense preclinical studies. Keywords: Age related macular degeneration, base excision repair, redox angiogenesis, redox signaling, reduction-oxidation, tumor microenvironment
Asynchronous Nano-Electronics: Preliminary Investigation (2008)

This paper is a preliminary investigation in implementing asynchronous QDI logic in molecular nano-electronics, taking into account the restricted geometry, the lack of control on transistor strengths, the high timing variations. We show that the main building blocks of QDI logic can be successfully implemented; we illustrate the approach with the layout of an adder stage. The proposed techniques to improve the reliability of QDI apply to nano-CMOS as well.
Increased efficiency and faster turn-on in magnetrons using the transparent cathode (2010)

The “transparent cathode” was proposed as a technique to increase the efficiency of, and reduce the start time of oscillations in a relativistic A6 magnetron. Particle-in-cell computer simulations using MAGIC were extensively performed and documented. Recently experiments were performed and output powers approaching 1 GW in S-band were measured in experiments using a short pulse (9 ns) electron beam. These results were in excellent agreement with MAGIC simulations. More recent MAGIC simulation results on an A6 magnetron using axial extraction (diffraction output) and a transparent cathode demonstrated 1.4 GW output power in S-band with nearly 70% conversion efficiency. This paper describes our recent results (latest trends) and discusses plans for application of the transparent cathode in commercial magnetrons.
Antigenic and Immunogenic Characterization of Recombinant Baculovirus-Expressed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein: Implication for Vaccine Design (2006)

The spike (S) glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mediates the receptor interaction and immune recognition and is considered a major target for vaccine design. However, its antigenic and immunogenic properties remain to be elucidated. In this study, we immunized mice with full-length S protein (FL-S) or its extracellular domain (EC-S) expressed by recombinant baculoviruses in insect cells. We found that the immunized mice developed high titers of anti-S antibodies with potent neutralizing activities against SARS pseudoviruses constructed with the S proteins of Tor2, GD03T13, and SZ3, the representative strains of 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 human SARS-CoV and palm civet SARS-CoV, respectively. These data suggest that the recombinant baculovirus-expressed S protein vaccines possess excellent immunogenicity, thereby inducing highly potent neutralizing responses against human and animal SARS-CoV variants. The antigenic structure of the S protein was characterized by a panel of 38 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from the immunized mice. The epitopes of most anti-S MAbs (32 of 38) were localized within the S1 domain, and those of the remaining 6 MAbs were mapped to the S2 domain. Among the anti-S1 MAbs, 17 MAbs targeted the N-terminal region (amino acids [aa] 12 to 327), 9 MAbs recognized the receptor-binding domain (RBD; aa 318 to 510), and 6 MAbs reacted with the C-terminal region of S1 domain that contains the major immunodominant site (aa 528 to 635). Strikingly, all of the RBD-specific MAbs had potent neutralizing activity, 6 of which efficiently blocked the receptor binding, confirming that the RBD contains the main neutralizing epitopes and that blockage of the receptor association is the major mechanism of SARS-CoV neutralization. Five MAbs specific for the S1 N-terminal region exhibited moderate neutralizing activity, but none of the MAbs reacting with the S2 domain and the major immunodominant site in S1 showed neutralizing activity. All of the neutralizing MAbs recognize conformational epitopes. These data provide important information for understanding the antigenicity and immunogenicity of S protein and for designing SARS vaccines. This panel of anti-S MAbs can be used as tools for studying the structure and function of the SARS-CoV S protein.
Context Preserving Maps of Tubular Structures (2011)

When visualizing tubular 3D structures, external representations are often used for guidance and display, and such views in 2D can often contain occlusions. Virtual dissection methods have been proposed where the entire 3D structure can be mapped to the 2D plane, though these will lose context by straightening curved sections. We present a new method of creating maps of 3D tubular structures that yield a succinct view while preserving the overall geometric structure. Given a dominant view plane for the structure, its curve skeleton is first projected to a 2D skeleton. This 2D skeleton is adjusted to account for distortions in length, modified to remove intersections, and optimized to preserve the shape of the original 3D skeleton. Based on this shaped 2D skeleton, a boundary for the map of the object is obtained based on a slicing path through the structure and the radius around the skeleton. The sliced structure is conformally mapped to a rectangle and then deformed via harmonic mapping to match the boundary placement. This flattened map preserves the general geometric context of a 3D object in a 2D display, and rendering of this flattened map can be accomplished using volumetric ray casting. We have evaluated our method on real datasets of human colon models.
<title>Satellite image restoration filter comparison</title> (1999)

Many properties of the atmosphere affect the quality of images propagating through it by blurring it and reducing its contrast, as well as blur. Use of the standard Wiener filter for correction of atmospheric blur is often not effective because, although aerosol MTF (modulation transfer function) is rather deterministic, turbulence MTF is random. The atmospheric Wiener filter is one method for overcoming turbulence jitter. The recently developed atmospheric Wiener filter, which corrects for turbulence blur, aerosol blur, and path radiance simultaneously, is implemented here in digital restoration of Landsat TM (thematic mapper) imagery over seven wavelength bands of the satellite instrumentation. Turbulence MTF is calculated from meteorological data or estimated if no meteorological data were measured. Aerosol MTF is consistent with optical depth. The product of the two yields atmospheric MTF, which is implemented in the atmospheric Wiener filter. Restoration improves both smallness of size of resolvable detail and contrast. Restorations are quite apparent even under clear weather conditions. Techniques for high resolution restoration involving more versatile filtering techniques, such as Kalman's and adaptive methods, are considered by filter comparison.
Aeroelastic Analysis of Rotors With Flexible Disks and Alternate Blade Mistuning (2008)

A new reduced-order aeroelastic model using the principal shapes (AMPSs) of modes is presented. Rotors with flexible disks and alternate blade mistuning can challenge the fidelity of flutter prediction techniques that assume uniform blade-to-blade geometry and mode shape invariance with nodal diameter pattern. The AMPS method, however, accounts for alternating blade geometry as well as varying blade mode shapes, providing accurate flutter predictions for a large number of modes from a small number of computational fluid dynamics simulations. AMPS calculations on rotors with alternate blade mistuning are presented and compared to other prediction techniques. The results provide insight into how alternate blade mistuning affects aerodynamic coupling and the flutter characteristics of a rotor.