gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robustness of Neural Networks against Storage Media Errors (2017)

We study the trade-offs between storage/bandwidth and prediction accuracy of neural networks that are stored in noisy media. Conventionally, it is assumed that all parameters (e.g., weight and biases) of a trained neural network are stored as binary arrays and are error-free. This assumption is based upon the implementation of error correction codes (ECCs) that correct potential bit flips in storage media. However, ECCs add storage overhead and cause bandwidth reduction when loading the trained parameters during the inference. We study the robustness of deep neural networks when bit errors exist but ECCs are turned off for different neural network models and datasets. It is observed that more sophisticated models and datasets are more vulnerable to errors in their trained parameters. We propose a simple detection approach that can universally improve the robustness, which in some cases can be improved by orders of magnitude. We also propose an alternative binary representation of the parameters such that the distortion brought by bit flips is reduced and even theoretically vanishing when the number of bits to represent a parameter increases.
Dynamic broadcast (2011)

The field of Consumer TV has developed rapidly in the last years. The new user terminals (TV set and Set-top-box) are increasingly equipped with multiple network connection interfaces (broadcast, WiFi, USB etc.) as well as built-in storage. In this paper, we utilized these features to optimize the operation of broadcast networks and to make the use of the valuable broadcast spectrum more efficient. We developed the architecture of the dynamic broadcast system, in which the TV content can be flexibly transmitted via both broadcast and broadband networks, in both real-time and non-real-time fashion, and the transmission parameters in the broadcast network can also be modified dynamically. To examine the benefits that the proposed techniques can provide we simulated the content delivery scheduling with realistic TV program data and transmission cost models. The scheduling problem was solved using integer linear programming and our findings showed that dynamic broadcast can reduce the TV programs' delivery cost and increase the efficiency of spectrum usage at the same time. The freed data rate/spectrum can be utilized to deliver more services, or to adjust the broadcast network settings to reduce power consumption, or even be leased to secondary wireless communication networks. A possible architecture of a dynamic broadcast user terminal is also presented in this paper.
4-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrones. 2. Potent Non-Peptide Inhibitors of HIV Protease (1997)

The 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrone template was utilized as a flexible scaffolding from which to build potent active site inhibitors of HIV protease. Dihydropyrone 1c (5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-3-[(2-phenylethyl)thio]-2H-pyran-2-one) was modeled in the active site of HIV protease utilizing a similar binding mode found for the previously reported 4-hydroxybenzopyran-2-ones. Our model led us to pursue the synthesis of 6,6-disubstituted dihydropyrones with the aim of filling S1 and S2 and thereby increasing the potency of the parent dihydropyrone 1c which did not fill S2. Toward this end we attached various hydrophobic and hydrophilic side chains at the 6-position of the dihydropyrone to mimic the natural and unnatural amino acids known to be effective substrates at P2 and P2'. Parent dihydropyrone 1c (IC50 = 2100 nM) was elaborated into compounds with greater than a 100-fold increase in potency [18c, IC50 = 5 nM, 5-(3,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5-[2-phenylethyl)thio] -2H-pyran-2-yl)pentanoic acid and 12c, IC50 = 51 nM, 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-3- [(2-phenyl-ethyl)thio]-2H-pyran-2-one]. Optimization of the 3-position fragment to fill S1' and S2' afforded potent HIV protease inhibitor 49 [IC50 = 10 nM, 3-[(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-5,6-dihydro-4 -hydroxy-6-phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one]. The resulting low molecular weight compounds (< 475) have one or no chiral centers and are readily synthesized.
Repair of Full-Thickness Tendon Injury Using Connective Tissue Progenitors Efficiently Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Fetal Tissues (2010)

The use of stem cells for tissue engineering (TE) encourages scientists to design new platforms in the field of regenerative and reconstructive medicine. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have been proposed to be an important cell source for cell-based TE applications as well as an exciting tool for investigating the fundamentals of human development. Here, we describe the efficient derivation of connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) from hESC lines and fetal tissues. The CTPs were significantly expanded and induced to generate tendon tissues in vitro, with ultrastructural characteristics and biomechanical properties typical of mature tendons. We describe a simple method for engineering tendon grafts that can successfully repair injured Achilles tendons and restore the ankle joint extension movement in mice. We also show the CTP's ability to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat both in vitro and in vivo. This study offers evidence for the possibility of using stem cell-derived engineered grafts to replace missing tissues, and sets a basic platform for future cell-based TE applications in the fields of orthopedics and reconstructive surgery.
Dynamic thresholds for multiple loss priorities (2002)

Buffer management schemes are needed in shared-memory ATM switches to regulate the sharing of memory among different output port queues and among traffic classes with different loss priorities. Earlier we proposed a single-priority scheme called dynamic threshold, in which the maximum permissible queue length is proportional to the unused buffering in the switch. In this paper, we propose, analyze and simulate nine different ways of incorporating loss priorities into the dynamic threshold scheme. We determine how each scheme allocates buffers among the competing ports and loss priority classes, and we also note how this buffer allocation induces an allocation of bandwidth among the loss priority classes at each port. We find that minor variations in the dynamic threshold control law can produce dramatically different resource allocations.
Multimode Waveguide Grating Couplers for Mode Division Multiplexing in Multi-mode fibers (2021)

We describe a novel and highly efficient multimode waveguide grating coupler which can simultaneously and selectively launch three mode channels (LP 01 , LP 11 and LP 12 ) in a graded-index multi-mode fiber (MMF).
A Novel In Vitro Model for Irreversible Electroporation Based Cancer Therapies and Treatment Planning (2011)

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a minimally invasive, localized, non-thermal tissue ablation technique that has shown tremendous promise as an effective cancer therapy option. This procedure uses electrodes to apply a series of short-duration, high intensity electric pulses to a targeted tissue region. These pulses can produce irreversible structural changes in the cell membranes within the targeted region, generating a controllable range of cell death [1].
Direct Synthesis of Amides from Alcohols and Amines with Liberation of H<sub>2</sub>. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
<title>Tactical image parameter adjustment for stereo pair correlation</title> (2005)

In modern warfare, timely extraction of coordinates from tactical images remains a critical restriction in the targeting loop. Often, a warfighter has immediate access to real time sensor images. However, extracting the true coordinates of a target can be time consuming and difficult. Usually, the sensor will provide basic parameters such as range, heading, and depression angle, which can be used to correlate the image with an on-line database of stereo images. However, these parameters are often in error. This paper documents a research project conducted at the Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, California which solves this problem for range and heading values within the Digital Precision Strike Suite correlation and targeting software also developed at this facility. Stereo templates are built using the given range or heading and correlated with the tactical image. Three values from the results of the correlation attempt are fed to a neural network which will determine whether the range or heading is too small or too large. This information is used by a binary search algorithm to adjust the given parameter, perform the correlation again and feed the new values to the neural network. The results obtained are very promising.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins — Advances in Synthesis and Supramolecular Chemistry. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Show-through watermarking of duplex printed documents (2004)

A technique for watermarking duplex printed pages is presented. The technique produces visible watermark patterns like conventional watermarks embedded in paper fabric. Watermark information is embedded in halftones used to print images on either side. The watermark pattern is imperceptible when images printed on either side are viewed independently but becomes visible when the sheet of paper is held up against a light. The technique employs clustered dot halftones and embeds the watermark pattern as controlled local phase variations. Illumination with a back-light superimposes the halftone patterns on the two sides. Regions where the front and back-side halftones are in phase agreement appear lighter in show-through viewing, whereas regions over which the front and back side halftones are in phase disagreement appear darker. The image printed on one side has a controlled variation of the halftone phase and the one printed on the other side provides a constant phase reference. The watermark pattern is revealed when the sheet is viewed in "show-through mode" superimposing the halftones on the two sides. Threshold arrays for the halftone screens are designed to allow incorporation of a variety of halftone patterns while minimizing artifacts in images printed using these halftones.
Angiostatin induces endothelial cell apoptosis and activation of focal adhesion kinase independently of the integrin-binding motif RGD (1998)

Angiostatin, a fragment of plasminogen, has been identified and characterized as an endogenous inhibitor of neovascularization. We show that angiostatin treatment of endothelial cells in the absence of growth factors results in an increased apoptotic index whereas the proliferation index is unchanged. Angiostatin also inhibits migration and tube formation of endothelial cells. Angiostatin treatment has no effect on growth factor-induced signal transduction but leads to an RGD-independent induction of the kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase, suggesting that the biological effects of angiostatin relate to subversion of adhesion plaque formation in endothelial cells.
High Quality Depth Estimation from Monocular Images Based on Depth Prediction and Enhancement Sub-Networks (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of depth estimation from a single RGB image. Previous methods mainly focus on the problems of depth prediction accuracy and output depth resolution, but seldom of them can tackle these two problems well. Here, we present a novel depth estimation framework based on deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn the mapping between monocular images and depth maps. The proposed architecture can be divided into two components, i.e., depth prediction and depth enhancement sub-networks. We first design a depth prediction network based on the ResNet architecture to infer the scene depth from color image. Then, a depth enhancement network is concatenated to the end of the depth prediction network to obtain a high resolution depth map. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods on benchmark RGB-D datasets and achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Modeling and scheduling of cluster tools dealing with wafer revisiting: A brief review (2015)

For some fabrication processes, such as atomic layer deposition, wafers need to visit some process modules for a number of times, instead of once, thus leading to a revisiting process. It is complicated to schedule cluster tools with wafer revisit in semiconductor fabrication. This paper briefly discusses the modeling and scheduling issues for cluster tools dealing with a revisiting process. Then, we review and compare the methods for their modeling and scheduling. Finally, future research directions and conclusions with a revisiting process are finally given.
Spacecraft Navigation Using X-Ray Pulsars (2006)

The feasibility of determining spacecraft time and position using x-ray pulsars is explored. Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that generate pulsed electromagnetic radiation. A detailed analysis of eight x-ray pulsars is presented to quantify expected spacecraft position accuracy based on described pulsar properties, detector parameters, and pulsar observation times. In addition, a time transformation equation is developed to provide comparisons of measured and predicted pulse time of arrival for accurate time and position determination. This model is used in a new pulsar navigation approach that provides corrections to estimated spacecraft position. This approach is evaluated using recorded flight data obtained from the unconventional stellar aspect x-ray timing experiment. Results from these data provide first demonstration of position determination using the Crab pulsar.
Inhibition of KRAS-dependent lung cancer cell growth by deltarasin: blockage of autophagy increases its cytotoxicity (2018)

Deltarasin is a recently identified small molecule that can inhibit KRAS-PDEδ interactions by binding to a hydrophobic pocket on PDEδ, resulting in the impairment of cell growth, KRAS activity, and RAS/RAF signaling in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Since KRAS mutations are the most common oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, implicated in over 30% of all lung cancer cases, we examined the ability of deltarasin to inhibit KRAS-dependent lung cancer cell growth. Here, for the first time, we document that deltarasin produces both apoptosis and autophagy in KRAS-dependent lung cancer cells in vitro and inhibits lung tumor growth in vivo. Deltarasin induces apoptosis by inhibiting the interaction of with PDEδ and its downstream signaling pathways, while it induces autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Importantly, the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) markedly enhances deltarasin-induced apoptosis via elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, inhibition of ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated deltarasin-induced cell death. Collectively, these observations suggest that the anti-cancer cell activity of deltarasin can be enhanced by simultaneously blocking "tumor protective" autophagy, but inhibited if combined with an anti-oxidant.
Attention‐<scp>D</scp>eficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2009)

53.1 History and Epidemiology 53.2 Diagnosis 53.3 Clinical Presentation 53.4 Age of Onset 53.5 Gender 53.6 Comorbidities 53.7 Genetic Studies 53.8 Nongenetic Aspects Implicated in ADHD 53.9 Neurobiology of ADHD 53.10 Treatment 53.11 Summary
New Tantalum Amido Complexes with Chelate Ligands as Metalorganic (MO) Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of Tantalum Nitride Thin Films (2009)

Four new tantalum amido precursors (η2-RN(CH2)nNR)Ta(NMe2)3 (where R = Me, n = 2, 1; R = Et, n = 2, 2; R = Me, n = 3, 3; R = Et, n = 3, 4) with chelate diamide ligands and one new tantalum amido precursor (η2-tBuNC(NMe2)NEt)Ta(NMe2)4) (5) with a chelate guanidinate ligand were prepared and characterized. Their thermal behavior, especially (NMe2)3Ta(η2-MeN(CH2)2NMe) (1), were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments to demonstrate the enhancement of their thermal stability and preservation of the volatility as metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) precursors as compared to Ta(NMe2)5 (PDMAT). Introduction of the asymmetric chelate guanidine ligand in complex 5 gave improved volatility as compared with its known isomer [(η2-iPrNC(NMe2)NiPr)Ta(NMe2)4 (6). The crystal structures of 5 and 6 were measured to investigate the correlation between the volatility and intermolecular interactions. The MOCVD of tantalum nitride thin films was successfully achieved using 1. The films are based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and show good adhesion properties. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggest that the film deposited using 1 at 500 °C under ammonia has a composition of TaN1.22±0.14 with negligible carbon and oxygen levels. It also shows low resistivity of 1.4 × 103 μΩ cm on SiO2/Si and broad X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks for the stoichiometric cubic refractory TaN, indicating the potential of 1 becoming an alternative MOCVD precursor for barrier applications.
Coupling optical fibers to thin semiconductor waveguides (2003)

We present a novel type of grating-assisted coupler for coupling light from an optical fibre to a thin semiconductor waveguide. The Dual Grating-Assisted Directional Coupler (DGADC) consists of two gratings, one thick waveguide with a refractive index similar to the refractive index of the fibre, a thin semiconductor waveguide and a layer with refractive index which is between that of the thick and thin waveguides. Specifically, a coupler in silicon on insulator (SO!) has been analysed. The maximum coupling efficiency for this coupler can approach 1 00%, while the minimum coupling length can be around 2mm.
A Visual Analytics Approach for Correlation, Classification, and Regression Analysis (2012)

New approaches that combine the strengths of humans and machines are necessary to equip analysts with the proper tools for exploring today's increasing complex, multivariate data sets. In this paper, a novel visual data mining framework, called the Multidimensional Data eXplorer (MDX), is described that addresses the challenges of today's data by combining automated statistical analytics with a highly interactive parallel coordinates based canvas. In addition to several intuitive interaction capabilities, this framework offers a rich set of graphical statistical indicators, interactive regression analysis, visual correlation mining, automated axis arrangements and filtering, and data classification techniques. The current work provides a detailed description of the system as well as a discussion of key design aspects and critical feedback from domain experts.
Synthesis of single-phase anatase nanocrystallites at near room temperatures (2005)

Single-phase aqueous solutions of nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide were produced under ambient pressure and at a temperature as low as 38 degree C using the sol-gel process.
Multiple Fibroblast Subtypes Contribute to Matrix Deposition in Pulmonary Fibrosis (2023)

Progressive pulmonary fibrosis results from a dysfunctional tissue repair response and is characterized by fibroblast proliferation, activation, and invasion and extracellular matrix accumulation. Lung fibroblast heterogeneity is well recognized. With single-cell RNA sequencing, fibroblast subtypes have been reported by recent studies. However, the roles of fibroblast subtypes in effector functions in lung fibrosis are not well understood. In this study, we incorporated the recently published single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets on murine lung samples of fibrosis models and human lung samples of fibrotic diseases and analyzed fibroblast gene signatures. We identified and confirmed the novel fibroblast subtypes we reported recently across all samples of both mouse models and human lung fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease, and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Furthermore, we identified specific cell surface proteins for each fibroblast subtype through differential gene expression analysis, which enabled us to isolate primary cells representing distinct fibroblast subtypes by flow cytometry sorting. We compared matrix production, including fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronan, after profibrotic factor stimulation and assessed the invasive capacity of each fibroblast subtype. Our results suggest that in addition to myofibroblasts, lipofibroblasts and Ebf1<sup>+</sup> (Ebf transcription factor 1<sup>+</sup>) fibroblasts are two important fibroblast subtypes that contribute to matrix deposition and also have enhanced invasive, proliferative, and contraction phenotypes. The histological locations of fibroblast subtypes are identified in healthy and fibrotic lungs by these cell surface proteins. This study provides new insights to inform approaches to targeting lung fibroblast subtypes to promote the development of therapeutics for lung fibrosis.
Reduced complexity rate-matching/de-matching architecture for the LTE turbo code (2014)

The task of rate matching is to extract from the blocks of code bits, delivered by the Long Term Evolution (LTE) Turbo Encoding (TE), the exact set of bits to be transmitted within a given transmission time interval, depending on the existing channel conditions. Within this context, we propose algorithmic improvements on the rate matching procedure, which are applied to the TE output streams, and to the corresponding rate de-matching at the receiver side, respectively. The proposed method facilitates an address assigner that on-the-fly controls the memory addressing operations by defining the interleaving/ puncturing of bits to be transmitted. The usage of this controller leads to a significant latency reduction and to the utilization of low memory resources when compared with other conventional approaches deduced by the LTE standard.
Program analysis as constraint solving (2008)

A constraint-based approach to invariant generation in programs translates a program into constraints that are solved using off-the-shelf constraint solvers to yield desired program invariants.
Methods for Detecting Low-Frequency Signals in the Presence of Strong Winds (1990)

This report looks at two methods to better separate blast noise from wind induced noise in unattended monitoring situations. One method is to use a windscreen, a device which prevents wind and wind induced pressures from reaching the microphone diaphragm while allowing the unimpeded passage of true acoustical pressures to the microphone. The second method is to make the microphone-black box system smarter so that it can separate wind induced noise from true blast noise. The results show both methods can do a good job of reducing wind induced noise. For blast noise, where the C-weighted sound is relevant, a special, two-layer wind screen can reduce the C-weighted sound level by almost 30 dB as compared with a bare microphone. Taking the integrated cross product of two vertically spaced microphones (about 60 cm spacing) reduces the C-weighted noise as compared with a bare microphone by about 22 dB. The two methods can be combined, but only when the wind induced noise level is very high and the C-weighted background noise ambient is very low. Otherwise, the two methods together are too good; the maximum useful reduction is the difference between the wind noise level and the background acoustical ambient. Keywords: Blast noise; Wind noise; Monitoring.