gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance and Security Analysis of Parameter-Obfuscated Analog Circuits (2021)

In this article, key-based obfuscation of the transistor dimensions is proposed to mask the biasing conditions of an analog circuit and, therefore, protect the circuit against intellectual property (IP) piracy. Vector- and mesh-based obfuscations are developed that provide different degrees of circuit security with tradeoffs in design complexity and area. An algorithm for the selection of an obfuscation transistor and a satisfiability modulo theory (SMT)-based algorithm that searches the design space to determine the dimensions of the obfuscation transistors are developed to reduce the computational complexity of designing and implementing the proposed parameter obfuscation techniques. The parameter obfuscation techniques, along with the developed algorithms, are implemented on an active inductor-based second-order bandpass filter (BPF) and an operational amplifier (op-amp). The results from the analysis of the obfuscated BPF and op-amp indicate that the critical circuit performances are properly locked with at least 15% variation from the target circuit parameters when setting incorrect transistor sizes. A simulation-based optimization algorithm is proposed to tune the biasing conditions and transistor body voltages, which mitigates the effects of both the parasitic impedance of the circuit and any variation due to the implementation of the obfuscation circuitry. The proposed simulation-based optimization algorithm determines the biasing conditions and body voltages of the BPF in 500 iterations and the op-amp circuit in 70 iterations, which provides a significant reduction in the design time and the number of circuit recycles. Implementing the parameter obfuscation technique with the proposed algorithms provides an efficient means to secure analog circuits while reducing the design time to implement security features.
Surface Renewable Hydrogen Ion-Selective Polymeric Composite Electrode Containing Iridium Oxide (2005)

A surface renewable pH electrode was prepared by utilizing composite electrode technique. Iridium oxide micro-fine particles was prepared by hydrolysis of <TEX>$(NH_4)_2IrCl_6$</TEX> at elevated temperature. The iridium oxide particles were mixed with well-dispersed carbon black and then filtered. The mixture was suspended in DMF containing PVC as a binder. The mixture was precipitated rapidly by adding large amount of water. The precipitate was ground and pressure-molded to iridium oxide composite electrode material. The electrode showed linear response between pH 1-13 with 50 to 60 mV/pH slope. The electrode maintained the pH response without appreciable slope drift for 170 days if stored in deionized water. The electrode surface can be renewed reproducibly by simple grinding process whenever contaminated or deactivated.
Resolution effects on the dynamic range and accuracy of ophthalmic wavefront sensing (2001)

The dynamic range and accuracy of an ophthalmic wavefront sensor system are the important performance criteria. The resolution of the lenslet array, in terms of the number of lenslet samples across the ocular pupil, is the key element in determining this performance. Higher performance lenslet arrays can be used to increase both the dynamic range and accuracy of the system in most applications.
Solution‐Processable White‐Light‐Emitting Hybrid Semiconductor Bulk Materials with High Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency (2011)

Glowing white: Bulk hybrid semiconductor materials built from periodic nanostructured 2D layers of ZnS emit bright white light. Their emission intensity, quantum efficiency, and color quality can be systematically tuned by varying the composition of both the inorganic and organic components. The materials show great promise as a new type of single-phase white-light-emitting phosphors.
Developmentally Inspired Approach to Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2016)

Structural organization of articular cartilage is rooted in the arrangement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into morphologically distinct zones during embryogenesis as a result of spatiotemporal gradients in biochemical, mechanical, and cellular factors that direct the formation of stratified structure of articular cartilage. These gradients are central to the function of cartilage as an articulating surface. Strategies that mimic zonal organization of articular cartilage are more likely to create an engineered tissue with more effective clinical outcome. The objective of this work was to measure the expression of human MSCs encapsulated in engineered gels that simulate stiffness of the superficial, middle and calcified zones of articular cartilage supplemented with zone specific growth factors. Size of the encapsulated cells increased from the gel simulating superficial zone to those simulating middle and calcified zones. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) content progressively increased from the gel simulating superficial zone to those simulating middle and calcified zones. Human MSCs in the gel simulating the superficial zone showed up-regulation of Sox-9 and SZP whereas those in the calcified gel showed up-regulation of ALP. Results demonstrate that a developmental approach can potentially regenerate the zonal structure of articular cartilage.
An Avatar to Measure Vestibular Sensations of Movement (2011)

Objective 1) Report a novel method for measuring vestibular sensations of movement induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). 2) Introduce a new approach to quantify vestibular symptoms in patients with vertigo and related disorders. Method We created a software program using a Logitech wireless joystick to measure and display in three dimensions the manner in which subjects felt movement in response to GVS. Each subject underwent thirty 20‐second protocols utilizing ten different combinations of GVS scalp electrode pairs. Results Three dimensional avatar displays of subject responses to GVS indicated the direction and magnitude of pitch, roll, and yaw as well as the angular velocity of motion. As evident on the avatar display in response to a 2.5 mA GVS pulse, the majority of subjects reported sensation of movement, 19 out of 21 (90%) reporting pitch, 17 out of 21 (81%) reporting yaw, and 17 out of 21 (81%) reporting roll sensations. Conclusion 1) These data demonstrate a software‐based 3 dimensional avatar display system to represent perceived vestibular sensation in response to GVS. 2) This technology may play a role in clinical practice by providing the ability to quantify vestibular symptoms in the assessment of patients with vertigo and related disorders.
Human Capital, Asset Allocation, and Life Insurance (2006)

Financial planners and advisors increasingly recognize that human capital must be taken into account when building optimal portfolios for individual investors. But human capital is not simply another pre-endowed asset class; it contains a unique mortality risk in the form of the loss of future income and wages in the event of the wage earner's death. Life insurance hedges this mortality risk, so human capital affects both optimal asset allocation and demand for life insurance. Yet, historically, asset allocation and life insurance decisions have been analyzed separately. This article develops a unified framework based on human capital that enables individual investors to make these decisions jointly.
3D rapid mapping (2008)

In this paper the performance of passive range measurement imaging using stereo technique in real time applications is described. Stereo vision uses multiple images to get depth resolution in a similar way as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) uses multiple measurements to obtain better spatial resolution. This technique has been used in photogrammetry for a long time but it will be shown that it is now possible to do the calculations, with carefully designed image processing algorithms, in e.g. a PC in real time. In order to get high resolution and quantitative data in the stereo estimation a mathematical camera model is used. The parameters to the camera model are settled in a calibration rig or in the case of a moving camera the scene itself can be used for calibration of most of the parameters. After calibration an ordinary TV camera has an angular resolution like a theodolite, but to a much lower price. The paper will present results from high resolution 3D imagery from air to ground. The 3D-results from stereo calculation of image pairs are stitched together into a large database to form a 3D-model of the area covered.
Modeling memory bandwidth patterns on NUMA machines with performance counters (2021)

Computers used for data analytics are often NUMA systems with multiple sockets per machine, multiple cores per socket, and multiple thread contexts per core. To get the peak performance out of these machines requires the correct number of threads to be placed in the correct positions on the machine. One particularly interesting element of the placement of memory and threads is the way it effects the movement of data around the machine, and the increased latency this can introduce to reads and writes. In this paper we describe work on modeling the bandwidth requirements of an application on a NUMA compute node based on the placement of threads. The model is parameterized by sampling performance counters during 2 application runs with carefully chosen thread placements. Evaluating the model with thousands of measurements shows a median difference from predictions of 2.34% of the bandwidth. The results of this modeling can be used in a number of ways varying from: Performance debugging during development where the programmer can be alerted to potentially problematic memory access patterns; To systems such as Pandia which take an application and predict the performance and system load of a proposed thread count and placement; To libraries of data structures such as Parallel Collections and Smart Arrays that can abstract from the user memory placement and thread placement issues when parallelizing code.
Fusion-fission hybrid for fissile fuel production without processing (2011)

Two scenarios are typically envisioned for thorium fuel cycles: 'open' cycles based on irradiation of {sup 232}Th and fission of {sup 233}U in situ without reprocessing or 'closed' cycles based on irradiation of {sup 232}Th followed by reprocessing, and recycling of {sup 233}U either in situ or in critical fission reactors. This study evaluates a third option based on the possibility of breeding fissile material in a fusion-fission hybrid reactor and burning the same fuel in a critical reactor without any reprocessing or reconditioning. This fuel cycle requires the hybrid and the critical reactor to use the same fuel form. TRISO particles embedded in carbon pebbles were selected as the preferred form of fuel and an inertial laser fusion system featuring a subcritical blanket was combined with critical pebble bed reactors, either gas-cooled or liquid-salt-cooled. The hybrid reactor was modeled based on the earlier, hybrid version of the LLNL Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE1) system, whereas the critical reactors were modeled according to the Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) and the Pebble Bed Advanced High Temperature Reactor (PB-AHTR) design. An extensive neutronic analysis was carried out for both the hybrid and the fission reactors in order to track the fuel composition at each stage of the fuel cycle and ultimately determine the plant support ratio, which has been defined as the ratio between the thermal power generated in fission reactors and the fusion power required to breed the fissile fuel burnt in these fission reactors. It was found that the maximum attainable plant support ratio for a thorium fuel cycle that employs neither enrichment nor reprocessing is about 2. This requires tuning the neutron energy towards high energy for breeding and towards thermal energy for burning. A high fuel loading in the pebbles allows a faster spectrum in the hybrid blanket; mixing dummy carbon pebbles with fuel pebbles enables a softer spectrum in the critical reactors. This combination consumes about 20% of the thorium initially loaded in the hybrid reactor ({approx}200 GWd/tHM), partially during hybrid operation, but mostly during operation in the critical reactor. The plant support ratio is low compared to the one attainable using continuous fuel chemical reprocessing, which can yield a plant support ratio of about 20, but the resulting fuel cycle offers better proliferation resistance as fissile material is never separated from the other fuel components.
Human TCR as Antigen: Homologies and Potentially Cross-Reactive HLA-DR2-Restricted Epitopes Within the AV and BV CDR2 Loops (2000)

The major function of the T-cell receptor is to confer antigen specificity to T cells. However, nascent TCR proteins that are not assembled into functional heterodimers may be processed and displayed with self MHC molecules on the T-cell surface, and are thought to be the genesis of autoregulatory T cells that can limit inflammatory responses through T-T network interactions. In previous work, we and others have exploited this natural regulatory system using TCR peptides to amplify regulatory T cells that potentially can treat human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and arthritis. The development of this approach is limited by the diversity of human TCR V gene sequences, and by lack of knowledge of exactly which regions of the V gene proteins are immunogenic in association with various MHC alleles. To identify similar amino acid sequences within and among human V gene families that might have immunologic cross reactivity, we aligned 74 known AV and 109 known BV protein sequences into homologous groups using the ClustalX program. Moreover, with a focus on CDR2 peptides that have previously been used to induce regulatory T cells in clinical trials, we established homologous peptide groups, and then identified the optimal amino acid motifs for binding to two alleles, HLA-DRB1*1501 and DRB5*0101, that have been associated with susceptibility to MS. From this analysis, > 75% of AV and BV CDR2 sequences were predicted to bind with at least moderate avidity to each of the DR2 alleles, thus enhancing the likelihood that they could be antigenic. Further ordering of putative TCR contact residues revealed a different set of homology groupings, including many intrafamily sequence matches and some interfamily matches that might allow immunological cross reactivity. Particularly striking were DRB1*1501-restricted IH-S and IY-S motifs shared by BV11, BV12, and BV13 and BV3, BV12, BV13, and BV17 family members, respectively, and DRB5*0101-restricted RL-H and RL-Y motifs shared by BV11, BV12, and BV13 and BV13 and BV17 family members, respectively. This analysis may be useful in designing an array of clinically useful homologous peptides with optimal MHC binding properties and highly cross-reactive TCR binding motifs.
Serial Sum-Product Architecture for Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2007)

A serial sum-product architecture for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. In the proposed architecture, a standard bit node processing unit computes the bit to check node messages sequentially, while the check node computations are broken up into several steps and computed on the fly. This bit node centric architecture requires considerably less memory compared to other serial architectures, including the check node centric architecture.
Results at 96 Weeks of a Phase IIb Extension Study of the Exon-Skipping Drug Eteplirsen in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) (S6.002) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to establish long-term efficacy of eteplirsen treatment, targeted to skip exon 51. BACKGROUND: DMD is a rare, degenerative, genetic disease that results in progressive muscle loss and premature death. Affecting 1 in 5000 male births, DMD is caused by the inability to produce the dystrophin protein. There are no approved drugs available to treat DMD. Eteplirsen is an investigational therapy designed to enable functional dystrophin production in boys who are amenable to exon 51-skipping therapy (~13%). DESIGN/METHODS: Twelve boys aged 7-13 years with eligible genotypes were randomized 1:1:1 to 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, or placebo. Upon completion of a 24-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study phase, all subjects were enrolled in an open-label extension and the placebo-treated subjects initiated eteplirsen treatment. The critical clinical endpoint was the change in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance from baseline compared to the placebo/delayed-treatment cohort. RESULTS: After 96 weeks of treatment, a significant clinical benefit of 71 meters was observed (p≤0.001) on the 6MWT for ambulatory-evaluable subjects in the combined eteplirsen-treated cohorts (n=6) versus the placebo/delayed-treatment cohort (n=4). The eteplirsen-treated cohorts showed approximately 5% decline (19.3 meters) in walking ability from baseline. No clinically significant treatment-related adverse events were seen through 96 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Through 96 weeks of treatment, eteplirsen demonstrated a significant clinical benefit on the 6MWT with no clinically significant treatment-related adverse events. Data on these outcomes will be reported through 164 weeks of treatment. Study Supported by: Sarepta Therapeutics
A new approach to mesophase stabilization through hydrogen bonding molecular interactions in binary mixtures (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new approach to mesophase stabilization through hydrogen bonding molecular interactions in binary mixturesTakashi Kato and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 22, 8533–8534Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00204a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00204a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2276Altmetric-Citations601LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel gradient coil set with an interstitial gap for interventional nuclear magnetic resonance applications (1997)

The introduction of more open magnet geometries in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system calls for the design of new gradient coils with similar shape as the corresponding main magnet. In this paper, a novel technique for designing minimum inductance gradient coils with an interstitial gap which is suitable for a cylindrical open magnet structure with two separated gaps is presented. Design examples are given for the axial and the transverse gradient coils. A comparison between the gap size and the stored magnetic energy for the same gradient strength indicates a near-quadratic relationship between these two quantities.
Low resistivity TiSi2 on narrow p+ polycrystalline silicon lines (2002)

We have achieved low resistivity TiSi2 on 0.25 μm wide polysilicon lines doped to 5×1020/cm3 with boron by use of in situ doping of polysilicon. By controlling the Si deposition such that an amorphous undoped “cap” was deposited on p+ polycrystalline Si (polysilicon) subsequently formed TiSi2 wires had a lower resistivity consistent with C54 phase formation, while maintaining direct contact between TiSi2 and p+ Si. When TiSi2 was formed directly on p+ polysilicon, it had increasing resistivity as the linewidth decreased below 0.5 μm. The mechanism for lower resistivity TiSi2 is attributed to an increased density of C49-to-C54 phase transformation sites when the silicide is formed on amorphous undoped silicon.
Inorganic scintillation detector development for J-PARC spallation neutron source (2013)

We report read out test result of inorganic scintillator; Ce:LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> single crystal for neutron detection at spallation neutron source. The Ce:LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> crystal is tested in J-PARC spallation neutron source, which is background gamma-ray energy is higher than those from Co-60. Different size and thickness of crystal is tested and with 2 mm cube crystal, we managed to discriminate gamma ray with pulse height. Short light decay time of Ce:LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> would be an also great characteristic for high intensity neutron source. Ce:LiCAF shows excellent characteristics in the detection efficiency and gamma-ray discrimination compared with other conventional scintillators, such as Li-Glass and Li:ZnS scintillators. Especially, excellent pulse height discrimination of neutrons from gamma rays and very short decay time are very promising for a new field of high counting rate neutron detection with scintillators.
Facile synthesis and anticancer activity of novel dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (2022)

Abstract The enaminone, (2 E )-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one was prepared by refluxing 3,4,5-trimethoxy acetophenone with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF–DMA) without solvent for 12 h. The dihydropyrimidinone derivatives (1–9) were prepared by reacting enaminone, substituted benzaldehydes and urea in glacial acetic acid. The compounds (1–9) were synthesized in significant yield using one step multicomponent reaction. Structures of all the novel synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by various spectroscopic methods. The compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity against HepG2 cancer cell line. Compound 9 displayed significant anti-cancer activity. During the apoptotic assay, it showed a significant increase in necrosis from 1.97% to 12.18% as compared to the control. Mechanism of anti-proliferation was performed by cell cycle distribution assay, which showed a decrease in G2+M from 12.90 to 8.13 as compared to control.