gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge sensing of an artificial<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>molecule in lateral quantum dots (2005)

We report charge detection studies of a lateral double quantum dot with controllable charge states and tunable tunnel coupling. Using an integrated electrometer, we characterize the equilibrium state of a single electron trapped in the double-dot (artificial ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ molecule) by measuring the average occupation of one dot. We present a model where the electrostatic coupling between the molecule and the sensor is taken into account explicitly. From the measurements, we extract the temperature of the isolated electron and the tunnel coupling energy. It is found that this coupling can be tuned between 0 and $60\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{eV}$ in our device.
The Chemistry of Transition Metal Colloids (1994)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Preparative Methods Structural Properties of Colloidal Transition Metals Spectroscopic Properties of Colloidal Metals Catalysis Prospects in Metal Colloid Chemistry
A Robust Molecular Porous Material with High CO<sub>2</sub> Uptake and Selectivity (2013)

We report MPM-1-TIFSIX, a molecular porous material (MPM) based upon the neutral metal complex [Cu2(adenine)4(TiF6)2], that self-assembles through a hydrogen-bonding network. This MPM is amenable to room-temperature synthesis and activation. Gas adsorption measurements and ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity predictions at 298 K revealed enhanced CO2 separation performance relative to a previously known variant as well as the highest CO2 uptake and isosteric heat of adsorption yet reported for an MPM. MPM-1-TIFSIX is thermally stable to 568 K and retains porosity and capacity even after immersion in water for 24 h.
An Objective Analysis of the Boundary-Layer Thermodynamic Structure During GATE. Part I: Method (1979)

A method for the analysis and objective classification of meteorological data is presented and illustrated. The first step in this approach is the application of an efficient method to describe the data both qualitatively and quantitatively. This approach, based on the singular decomposition theorem, extracts the important features from the data and is similar to principal component or empirical orthogonal function analysis. The extracted features are then combined in the classification step to form new features, each of which describes a subset of the data. The mathematical details are given and computational considerations are discussed. The method is illustrated with a set of boundary-layer potential temperature profiles derived from structure sonde data taken during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). This set of profiles, taken at 3 h intervals over a 20-day period, was objectively classified into two distinct groups. Time, series of surface divergence and radar-estimated precipitation rates are used to demonstrate that one group of profiles is associated with a convectively modified boundary layer, while the other group of profiles is more typical of undisturbed situations. Other uses and limitations of the objective classification method are discussed.
Plant bZIP Transcription Factors Responsive to Pathogens: A Review (2013)

Transcription factors of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family control important processes in all eukaryotes. In plants, bZIPs are master regulators of many central developmental and physiological processes, including morphogenesis, seed formation, abiotic and biotic stress responses. Modulation of the expression patterns of bZIP genes and changes in their activity often contribute to the activation of various signaling pathways and regulatory networks of different physiological processes. However, most advances in the study of plant bZIP transcription factors are related to their involvement in abiotic stress and development. In contrast, there are few examples of functional research with regard to biotic stress, particularly in the defense against pathogens. In this review, we summarize the recent progress revealing the role of bZIP transcription factors in the biotic stress responses of several plant species, from Arabidopsis to cotton. Moreover, we summarize the interacting partners of bZIP proteins in molecular responses during pathogen attack and the key components of the signal transduction pathways with which they physically interact during plant defense responses. Lastly, we focus on the recent advances regarding research on the functional role of bZIPs in major agricultural cultivars and examine the studies performed in this field.
Evaluation of the brief questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU-brief) in laboratory and clinical settings (2001)

A brief, 10-item version of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU; Tiffany & Drobes, British Journal of Addiction 86:1467-1476, 1991) was administered to 221 active cigarette smokers in a laboratory setting (Study 1) and to 112 smokers enrolled in a comprehensive smoking cessation program (Study 2). In the laboratory setting, craving to smoke was evaluated in response to neutral and smoking-related stimuli. In the clinical setting, craving was assessed prior to cessation and again during treatment. Factor analyses revealed that a two-factor solution best described the item structure of the QSU-Brief across conditions. Factor 1 items reflected a strong desire and intention to smoke, with smoking perceived as rewarding for active smokers. Factor 2 items represented an anticipation of relief from negative affect with an urgent desire to smoke. The findings were consistent with the expressions of craving found in the 32-item version of the QSU (Tiffany & Drobes, 1991). Regression analyses demonstrated stronger baseline mood intensity and self-reported tendency to smoke to achieve pleasurable effects and to experience the desire to smoke when cigarettes are unavailable were predictive of general levels of craving report in active smokers in the laboratory and clinical setting. The findings supported a multidimensional conceptualization of craving to smoke and demonstrated the utility of a brief multidimensional measure of craving.
Characterizing a Heterogeneous System for Person Detection in Video Using Histograms of Oriented Gradients: Power Versus Speed Versus Accuracy (2013)

This paper presents a new implementation, with complete analysis, of the processing operations required in a widely-used pedestrian detection algorithm (the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) detector) when run in various configurations on a heterogeneous platform suitable for use as an embedded system. The platform consists of field-programmable gate array (FPGA), graphics processing unit (GPU), and central processing unit (CPU) and we detail the advantages of such an image processing system for real-time performance. We thoroughly analyze the consequent tradeoffs made between power consumption, latency and accuracy for each possible configuration. We thus demonstrate that prioritization of each of these factors can be made by selecting a specific configuration. These separate configurations may then be changed dynamically to respond to changing priorities of a real-time system, e.g., on a moving vehicle. We compare the performance of real-time implementations of linear and kernel support vector machines in HOG and evaluate the entire system against the state-of-the-art in real-time person detection. We also show that our FPGA implementation detects pedestrians more accurately than existing implementations, and that a heterogeneous configuration which performs image scaling on the GPU, and histogram extraction and classification on the FPGA, produces a good compromise between power and speed.
Conducted Beamforming Testing in the Millimeter Wave Spectrum (2019)

The advent of millimeter wave (mmW) communications in standards like 3GPP-NR (New Radio) and IEEE802.11ad mandates the use of analog beam-forming mechanisms to overcome the path-loss challenge introduced at carrier-frequencies higher than 8 GHz. Since the expression of the beam-pattern becomes an essential part of the overall wireless channel it must be included during end-to-end system performance testing. However, the antenna arrays required to perform active beamforming at mmW can require many elements and a tight integration with RF components. This renders the testing of performance at mmW with active beamforming using a traditional RF fader essentially impossible. As a result, the only vehicle to test an end-to-end mmW system with active beamforming is an over-the-air (OTA) chamber including both transmitter and receiver. This, however, comes with two issues. First of all, only very simple wireless channels can be tested in a single OTA chamber, while literature shows that mmW channel can have non-trivial fading characteristics w.r.t. delay-spread and directivity. Secondly, due to the necessity to test mmW systems in far-field distance OTA chamber may be very large and costly to scale. In the present paper we describe a novel approach that we call New Fader. The presented methodology allows to shift large parts of OTA-based-testing to a conducted testing where algorithmic and performance behavior can be analyzed more efficiently. The resulting setup allows for end-to-end mmW performance testing of 5G-NR or WiGig in a conducted fashion as it was done in cellular phone systems like GSM, UMTS, and LTE. The heart of the proposed arrangement is the New Fader. It absorbs the functionality of the 3D spatial propagation channel, the beamforming on gNodeB (gNB)- as well as User-Equipment (UE)-side, and the movement models.
Unraveling the ubiquitin‐regulated signaling networks by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics (2012)

Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small protein modifier that is covalently attached to the ε-amino group of lysine residues of protein substrates, generally targeting them for degradation. Due to the emergence of specific anti-diglycine (-GG) antibodies and the improvement in MS, it is now possible to identify more than 10 000 ubiquitylated sites in a single proteomics study. Besides cataloging ubiquitylated sites, it is equally important to unravel the biological relationship between ubiquitylated substrates and the ubiquitin conjugation machinery. Relevant to this, we discuss the role of affinity purification-MS (AP-MS), in characterizing E3 ligase-substrate complexes. Recently, such strategies have also been adapted to screen for binding partners of both deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) and ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs). The complexity of the "ubiquitome" is further expanded by the fact that Ub itself can be ubiquitylated at any of its seven lysine residues forming polyubiquitin (polyUb), thus diversifying its lengths and topologies to suit a variety of molecular recognition processes. Therefore, applying MS to study polyUb linkages is also becoming an emerging and important area. Finally, we discuss the future of MS-based proteomics in answering important questions with respect to ubiquitylation.
NANETS Treatment Guidelines (2010)

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the stomach and pancreas represent 2 major subtypes of gastrointestinal NETs. Historically, there has been little consensus on the classification and management of patients with these tumor subtypes. We provide an overview of well-differentiated NETs of the stomach and pancreas and describe consensus guidelines for the treatment of patients with these malignancies.
Recent developments for high-performance staring IR imaging modules at AIM (1998)

The family of two dimensional detection modules at AEG Infrared-Modules GmbH (AIM) based on platinum silicide (PtSi) or mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) focal plane arrays for applications in either the 3..5 micrometer (MWIR) or 8..10 micrometer (LWIR) range was recently extended. Two new MCT devices have been realized in the configurations 384 X 288 elements in a 24 micrometer pitch for mid wave applications and 256 X 256 elements in a 40 micrometer pitch for long wave applications. Also a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) device with 256 X 256 elements for long wave applications was introduced. The MCT devices provide extremely fast frame rates like 2200 Hz with snapshot integration times below 350 microseconds and noise equivalent temperature differences (NETD's) less than 20 mK for the LWIR modules while the QWIP device provides a NETD about 10 mK for a rolling frame integration with 20 ms integration time and 50 Hz frame rate. Besides the thermal resolution given by the NETD also a measurement of the correctability of the devices is introduced which is an important characteristic for the system design. The main features of these modules are summarized together with measured performance data of the new MCT devices. The performance data of the QWIP detection module is discussed in reference 1.
Autoinfotainment Security Development Framework (ASDF) for Smart Cars (2017)

The Autoinfotainment system will not only provide information systems and entertainment to car components, but it will also connect to the Internet and a wide range of multimedia and mobile devices. However, with the introduction of many smart devices and a variety of wireless communications through Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, DSRC, and cellular, we are experiencing major challenges to secure and protect vehicular advanced information and entertainment services due to the significant increase of the attack surface, complexity, heterogeneity and number of interconnected resources. In this paper, we present an Auto Security Development Framework (ASDF) to build trustworthy and highly secure auto information and entertainment services. The ASDF enables developers to consider security issues at all the auto car communications layers and integrate security algorithms with the functions and services offered in each layer rather than considering security in an ad-hoc and after thought manner. We also show how this framework can be used to develop anomaly behavior analysis algorithm to detect wireless attacks against the QUALCOMM DragonBoard Autoinfotainment system.
Space-efficient closure representations (1994)

Many modern compilers implement function calls (or returns) in two steps: first, a closure environment is properly installed to provide access for free variables in the target program fragment; second, the control is transferred to the target by a “jump with arguments (or results)”. Closure conversion, which decides where and how to represent closures at runtime, is a crucial step in compilation of functional languages. We have a new algorithm that exploits the use of compile-time control and data flow information to optimize closure representations. By extensive closure sharing and allocating as many closures in registers as possible, our new closure conversion algorithm reduces heap allocation by 36% and memory fetches for local/global variables by 43%; and improves the already-efficient code generated by the Standard ML of New Jersey compiler by about 17% on a DECstation 5000. Moreover, unlike most other approaches, our new closure allocation scheme satisfies the strong “safe for space complexity” rule, thus achieving good asymptotic space usage.
Dual-band dual-polarized perforated microstrip antennas for SAR applications (2000)

For dual-band dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications a compact low-profile design is investigated. The operating frequencies are in the L and C-bands, centered about 1.275 and 5.3 GHz, respectively. Since the C-band frequency is larger by a factor of four, its array elements and inter-element separations are smaller by the same ratio. Thus, to allow similar scan ranges for both bands, the L-band elements are selected as perforated patches to enable the placement of C-band elements within them. Stacked-patch configurations were used to meet the bandwidth requirements, especially in the L-band. The C-band element was designed numerically, but the perforated L-band one required final experimental optimization. Also, in the latter case of L-band, a balanced transmission line feed was used to minimize cross polarization. For the C-band elements, slot coupling was used and, to simplify the feed, symmetric parasitic slots were incorporated to minimize cross polarization. No vertical connections were utilized, and electromagnetic couplings resulted in a compact low-profile design, with an electrically and thermally symmetric geometry.
UAV detection, tracking, and classification by sensor fusion of a 360° lidar system and an alignable classification sensor (2019)

The number of reported incidents caused by UAVs, intentional as well as accidental, is rising. To avoid such incidents in future, it is essential to be able to detect UAVs. However, not every UAV is a potential threat and therefore the UAV not only has to be detected, but classified or identified. 360<sup>o</sup> scanning LiDAR systems can be deployed for the detection and tracking of (micro) UAVs in ranges up to 50 m. Unfortunately, the verification and classification of the detected objects is not possible in most cases, due to the low resolution of that kind of sensor. In this paper, we propose an automatic alignment of an additional sensor (mounted on a pan-tilt head) for the identification of the detected objects. The classification sensor is directed by the tracking results of the panoramic LiDAR sensor. If the alignable sensor is an RGB- or infrared camera, the identification of the objects can be done by state-of-the-art image processing algorithms. If a higher-resolution LiDAR sensor is used for this task, algorithms have to be developed and implemented. For example, the classification could be realized by a 3D model matching method. After the handoff of the object position from the 360<sup>o</sup> LiDAR to the verification sensor, this second system can be used for a further tracking of the object, e.g., if the trajectory of the UAV leaves the field of view of the primary LiDAR system. The paper shows first results of this multi-sensor classification approach.
[Neuroreceptor mechanisms of the afobazole effect]. (2009)

The interaction of afobazole (5-ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole dihydrochloride) and its main metabolite M-11 (2-[2-(3-oxomorpholine-4-yl)-ethylthio]-5-ethoxy benzimidazole hydrochloride) with neuroreceptors was studied using the method of radioligand analysis. The binding of afobazole with s1 (Ki =5.9 x 10(-6) M), MTI (Ki =1.6 x 10(-5) M), and MT3 (Ki =9.7 x 10(-7) M) receptors, as well as with a regulatory site of MAO-A (Ki = 3.6 x 10(-6) M) was revealed. The binding of M-11 with MT3 receptors (Ki = 3.9 x 10(-7) M) was demonstrated. The translocation of s1 receptor from endoplasmatic reticulum to the external membrane was revealed by the confocal microscopy technique on the immmortalized hippocampal HT-22 cells under the condition of 30- and 60-min-long afobazole (10(-8) M) application. Afobazole was shown to inhibit MAO-A reversibly. These properties of afobazole are consistent with our previous findings of the anxiolytic and neuroprotective effects of this drug.
Hemodynamic, Renal, and Hormonal Effects of 8-Br-Cyclic GMP in Conscious Dogs With and Without Congestive Heart Failure (1989)

In conscious dogs, we examined the hypothesis that the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are mediated by cyclic GMP and tested whether stimulation of the intracellular pathway beyond the ANP receptor level still exerts ANP-like effects during tolerance to ANP in heart failure. We studied the hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal effects of the cyclic GMP analogue 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cyclic GMP) in conscious dogs before and after induction of congestive heart failure by right ventricular pacing. In healthy dogs, 8-Br-cyclic GMP (1-100 micrograms/kg/min) dose-dependently decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP -19% by 100 micrograms/kg/min) and total peripheral resistance (TPR -22%) with no change in cardiac output (CO) and right atrial pressure, increased urine flow (UF 52%), and sodium excretion (UNaV 135%). Plasma renin (62%) and norepinephrine (NE 24%) were increased. In dogs with heart failure, 8-Br-cyclic GMP induced a similar arteriolar dilation (MAP -16%, TPR -23%) with no change in CO and preload. However, the effects on renal excretory function were abolished or markedly attenuated (UF -4%, UNaV 7%). Plasma renin (163%) and aldosterone (40%) were increased. Our findings support the hypothesis that the renal effects of ANP are mediated by cyclic GMP in vivo. The attenuation of renal effects of 8-Br-cyclic GMP in heart failure does not prove but is in agreement with the hypothesis that an intracellular defect beyond cyclic GMP production might be involved in the tolerance to ANP in heart failure.
Casing Ultradeep, Ultralong Salt Sections in Deep Water: A Case Study for Failure Diagnosis and Risk Mitigation in Record-Depth Well (2008)

Abstract The deepest well drilled to date in the Gulf of Mexico, the Well #1 discovery well in Green Canyon, required setting casing in a 15,000 ft thick section of tectonically active salt. After casing collapsed in the initial wellbore, a comprehensive model was developed to characterize wellbore stability, salt creep mechanism and implications for well design, and mitigation options for future well construction. To facilitate the construction of models characterizing the interaction of casing and salt, the regional pore pressure and in-situ stress setting was analyzed. This analysis revealed that pore pressure in this area shows a significant regression in the subsalt formations. This pore pressure regression, if not accurately predicted, can lead to significant problems with the wellbore including wellbore breakouts and drilling fluid losses. The combined challenges of open-hole wellbore instability, salt creep, and casing damage made well design and construction very difficult. In this paper, models are utilized to replicate wellbore instability, salt creep and the interaction of halokinesis, wellbore geometry, casing stress, and drilling fluid hydrodynamics. The modeling reveals that casing failure was caused primarily by non-uniform contact of salt on casing thereby generating stresses that exceeded the yield strength of the lightweight casing. The same model showed that heavier casing could withstand identical, non-uniform stresses if loading was diametric and not axial. The model was used to prepare an optimized drilling program that mitigates the risk of non-uniform application of stresses by salt and non-uniform application of slip loading. Recommendations included under-reaming in the slip zone, the use of drilling fluid of appropriate composition, and cementing practices that improve the stress distribution on the casing. Further, after setting casing through the salt, relatively high mud weights were required to avoid a large differential between internal and external loading on the casing. High mud weight had implications for wellbore stability in open-hole while drilling the subsalt sections to reach the reservoir. Modeling predicted accurate in-situ stresses and pore pressures that were utilized to drill a bypass well that successfully reached an unprecedented depth of 34,189 ft. Both analytical and 3-D elasto-plastic finite element methods (FEM) were applied to analyze casing failure mechanisms, coupling the effects of in-situ stresses and mud pressures with the overburden. The methods were also applied to analyze mineralogic parameters that influence salt creep. The modeling process is applicable to essentially all Gulf of Mexico extended-reach wells to be drilled through salt sections.