gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE COMBINED EFFECT OF PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS AND CONVENTIONAL HEATING ON THE MICROBIAL QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF SKIM MILK (2005)

The effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF), conventional heating (H) at 60 or 65C for 21 s and PEF + heat (PEFH) treatments on the total growth of aerobic bacteria and the shelf life of skim milk was investigated. The PEF-processed skim milk was equivalent to conventionally heat-treated skim milk. After 14 days of storage, PEF-processed skim milk exhibited a total bacteria count of 5.4 log cfu/mL when treated at 28, 32 and 36 kV/cm for 84 μs, whereas heat-treated skim milk exhibited 5.9 and 5.3 log cfu/mL. PEFH treatment of skim milk produced a superior product in bacterial and shelf-life quality compared to either PEF or conventional heating alone and prolonged the shelf life of skim milk to 30 days when stored at 4C. Thus, the shelf life of skim milk stored at 4C was extended beyond 14 days.
Cloth Folding Machine (2017)

The project was designed to meet the needs of folding clothes for college students, housewives or anyone who has trouble folding clothes. Lots of college students are annoyed by spending time folding clothes based on our customer interviews. In addition, most of clothes folding machine in market are either for industry use or too expensive. We are trying to build a portable automatic clothes folding machine at a cheap cost to serve most people. It not only combined the metrics from existing products but also have two folding patterns, which is more convenient and efficient.
Core–Shell MnSe@Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Fabricated via a Cation Exchange Method as Novel Nanotheranostics for Multimodal Imaging and Synergistic Thermoradiotherapy (2015)

MnSe@Bi2 Se3 core-shell nanostructures with highly integrated imaging and therapy functions are fabricated by a simple cation exchange method. Using those nanoparticles as a theranostic agent, a promise concept is further demonstrated to enhance conventional radiotherapy by: i) using X-ray absorbing agents to locally concentrate radiation energy and ii) employing near-infrared-light-triggered photothermal therapy to overcome hypoxia-associated radioresistance.
<sup>99m</sup>Tc Minicolloid for Radionuclide Lymphography (1973)

The techniques for compounding a 99mTc-sulfur colloid (99mTc minicolloid) and imaging of the lymphatic system are presented. A study comparing this small-particle radiocolloid with commercially available radiocolloids of larger particle size demonstrated the smaller to be a superior agent for lymphatic imaging, probably due to its more favorable migration through successive nodal groups. Advantages of 99mTc minicolloid include same-day imaging, lower absorbed dose, and better resolution.
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AND NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS OF TOLNAFTATE: DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION (2015)

Objective: The target of our work is the preparation of tolnaftate (TOL) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as well as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Methods: The high shear homogenization method was chosen for the preparation of nanoparticles. The nanoparticle dispersions were prepared using Compritol 888ATO, Tefose 63, Miglyol ® 812, Poloxamer188, and Tween80. Particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro release study were determined. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis and morphological transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination were conducted. A stability study for 3 mo was performed. Results: The results revealed that NLC and SLN dispersions had spherical shapes with an average size between 41.10±1.92 nm and 98.85±1.01 nm. High entrapment efficiency was obtained with negatively charged zeta potential with PDI value ranging from 0.251±0.012 to 0.759±0.028. The release profiles of all formulations were characterized by a sustained release behavior over 24 h and the release rates increased as the amount of liquid lipid in lipid core increased. Tolnaftate loaded NLC showed more stability than its corresponding SLN. Conclusion: It can be fulfilled from this work that NLCs may represent a promising carrier for tolnaftate delivery offering both sustained release and stability.
The 30-Year Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes Complications (2006)

Declining incidences in Europe of overt nephropathy, proliferative retinopathy, and mortality in type 1 diabetes have recently been reported. However, comparable data for the U.S. and trend data for neuropathy and macrovascular complications are lacking. These issues are addressed using the prospective observational Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Childhood-Onset Diabetes Complications Study. Participants were stratified into five cohorts by diagnosis year: 1950-1959, 1960-1964, 1965-1969, 1970-1974, and 1975-1980. Mortality, renal failure, and coronary artery disease (CAD) status were determined on the complete cohort (n = 906) at 20, 25, and 30 years. Overt nephropathy, proliferative retinopathy, and neuropathy were assessed at 20 and 25 years on the subset of participants with a clinical examination. There was a decreasing trend by diagnosis year for mortality, renal failure, and neuropathy across all time intervals (P < 0.05), with the 1950-1959 cohort having a fivefold higher mortality at 25 years than the 1970s' cohorts. Proliferative retinopathy and overt nephropathy showed nonsignificant declines at 20 years (P < 0.16 and P < 0.13, respectively) and no change at 25 years. CAD event rates, which were lower than the other complications, also showed no trend. Although some type 1 diabetes complications (mortality, renal failure, and neuropathy) are declining, others (CAD, overt nephropathy, and proliferative retinopathy) show less favorable changes by 30 years.
Recombinant human lactoferrin induces human and mouse dendritic cell maturation <i>via</i> Toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 (2013)

Lactoferrin, a key component of innate immunity, is a cationic monomeric 80-kDa glycoprotein of the transferrin superfamily. Recombinant human lactoferrin, known as talactoferrin (TLF), induces a distinct functional maturation program in human dendritic cells (DCs) derived from peripheral blood monocytes. However, the receptors and molecular mechanisms involved in this induction have not been fully determined. By exploiting genome-wide transcription profiling of immature DCs, TNF-α- and IL-1β-matured DCs (m-DCs), and TLF-matured DCs (TLF-DCs), we have detected a set of transcripts specific for m-DCs and one specific for TLF-DCs. Functional network reconstruction highlighted, as expected, the association of m-DC maturation with IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB, whereas TLF-DC maturation was associated with ERK and NF-κB. This involvement of ERK and NF-κB transduction factors suggests direct involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in TLF-induced maturation. We have used MyD88 inhibition and siRNA silencing TLRs on human DCs and mouse TLR-2-knockout cells, to show that TLF triggers the maturation of both human and mouse DCs through TLR-2 and TLR-4.
Los manifiestos del surrealismo en plena luz del sol del grupo surrealista de Bruselas: una respuesta a la necesidad de separación de la ortodoxia parisina (2015)

The record «Le Surrealisme en plein soleil», included in the volume Ecrits complets, in which Andre Blavier compiles texts Belgian painter Rene Magritte, including three manifestoes through which the surrealist group in Brussels expressed their willingness to respect circle separation surrealist Paris, led by Andre Breton. To distinguish the Parisian surrealists, the Brussels group granted a new tag that defines his aesthetic and his own philosophy: mentalism. This article is defined as an introduction to the dossier «Le Surrealisme en plein soleil» and the differences between the two groups mentioned, and is presented as a prelude to the translation of the manifestos Brussels for Galicia, the language to translate first time. [Google Translator]
A 140GHz Two-Channel CMOS Transmitter Using Low-Cost Packaging Technologies (2020)

We report a 2-channel 140GHz transmitter using low-cost antenna and packaging technologies. The arrays use 8-element series-fed linear microstrip patch antenna arrays fabricated on an Isola Astra MT77 printed circuit board (PCB). Two such antennas, connected to a CMOS multi-channel transmitter IC with 2dBm output power form the two-channel transmitter. At 145GHz, the measured transmitter EIRP is 14-15dBm in single-channel operation and 19-20dBm in two-channel operation. QPSK transmission experiments over 25 cm distance show open eye patterns at 10.0 Gb/s rates.
New nitric oxide-donating drugs for the treatment of airway diseases. (2004)

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many pathological and physiological processes in mammals, providing a possible biological basis for the use of NO replacement therapy in many conditions. A series of compounds have been synthesized in which an NO-releasing group has been linked to well-established parent molecules. This strategy has resulted in novel molecules with an improved profile of pharmacological activity, either in terms of enhanced therapeutic efficacy or reduced side effects. This review examines the biological significance, mechanism(s) of action and therapeutic potential of such compounds in respiratory disease.
High-speed wavelength switching and stabilization of an acoustooptic tunable filter for WDM network in broadcasting stations (1996)

A novel high-speed acoustooptic tunable (AOTF) driver and a stabilization controller have demonstrated for a wavelength-division/time-division multiplexed (WV/TD) optical network for video distribution in broadcasting stations. A switching response as fast as 6 μs satisfies the recommendation of Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) for video switching applications.
Theory of coupled optical PT-symmetric structures (2007)

Starting from Lagrangian principles we develop a formalism suitable for describing coupled optical parity-time symmetric systems.
Sample-Size Formula for the Proportional-Hazards Regression Model (1983)

A formula is derived for determining the number of observations necessary to test the equality of two survival distributions when concomitant information is incorporated. This formula should be useful in designing clinical trials with a heterogeneous patient population. Schoenfeld (1981, Biometrika 68, 316-319) derived the asymptotic power of a class of statistics used to test the equality of two survival distributions. That result is extended to the case where concomitant information is available for each individual and where the proportional-hazards model holds. The loss of efficiency caused by ignoring concomitant variables is also computed.
Fishhook removal. (2001)

Fishing is a common recreational sport. While serious injuries are uncommon, penetrating tissue trauma involving fishhooks frequently occurs. Most of these injuries are minor and can be treated in the office without difficulty. All fishhook injuries require careful evaluation of surrounding tissue before attempting removal. Ocular involvement should prompt immediate referral to an ophthalmologist. The four most common techniques of fishhook removal and injury management are described in this article. The choice of the method for fishhook removal depends on the type of fishhook embedded, the location of the injury and the depth of tissue penetration. Occasionally, more than one removal technique may be required for removal of the fishhook. The retrograde technique is the simplest but least successful removal method, while the traditional advance and cut method is most effective for removing fishhooks that are embedded close to the skin surface. The advance and cut technique is almost always successful, even for removal of large fishhooks. The string-yank method can be used in the field and can often be performed without anesthesia. Wound care following successful removal involves extraction of foreign bodies from the wound and the application of a simple dressing. Prophylactic antibiotics are generally not indicated. Tetanus status should be assessed and toxoid administered if needed.
Pneumatic actuators: a comparison of energy-to-mass ratio's (2005)

In literature a high power to weight ratio is mentioned among the assumed advantages of pneumatic artificial muscles over other types of actuators. In this paper a comparison was made between pneumatic artificial muscle type actuators and cylinder actuators on the basis of energy to mass ratio. When compared to standard industrial cylinder actuators, it is shown that pneumatic artificial muscles have a somewhat better [/spl ap/30%] energy to mass ratio for short stroke applications [s < 20 mm] and are up to a factor of 2 better at longer strokes [s /spl ges/200 mm]. However, a redesign of piston in cylinder actuators shows the energy to mass ratio of these cylinder actuators to be superior to pneumatic artificial muscles and to standard industrial cylinder actuators. The energy to mass ratio is a factor of 30 better at a stroke of s = 10 mm, declining to a factor of 4.8 for a stroke s = 900 mm. The standard industrial cylinders are over-dimensioned, thus initiating the euphoria about pneumatic artificial muscles. However, for many applications a more careful design of piston in cylinder actuators provides a far better energy to mass ratio. Therefore, the use of pneumatic artificial muscles is questionable, especially in applications where the energy to mass ratio is important, like (autonomous) robotics, rehabilitation, etc.
Beyond the Watching: Understanding Viewer Interactions in Crowdsourced Live Video Broadcasting Services (2018)

Crowdsourced live video broadcasting services, such as Twitch and YouTube Live, are becoming increasingly popular. In such a service, viewers are allowed to perform rich interactions, such as posting comments and donating monetary virtual gifts, while watching videos. Understanding viewer interactions is essential for people to comprehend the production and consumption of the crowdsourced live video content and improve the service. However, the basic characteristics of the viewer interactions are still unknown. In this paper, we present a comprehensive measurement study of the viewer interactions on Douyu, a popular crowdsourced live video broadcasting website in China. Our measurement spans four months and contains comment posting and virtual gift donating interactions from tens of millions of viewers in hundreds of thousands of channels. Based on the measurement data, we carry out a content analysis on danmu comments and characterize the patterns of the viewer interactions. We build a suite of models for capturing the gift donating process, viewer activity, and channel popularity. We further analyze the influences of the broadcaster's behavioral factors on a channel's popularity and present methodologies for popularity predicting. Our measurement and analysis have important implications on the design and business policy of the crowdsourced live video broadcasting services.
A-204197, a new tubulin-binding agent with antimitotic activity in tumor cell lines resistant to known microtubule inhibitors. (2001)

Drug resistance is a prevalent problem in the treatment of neoplastic disease, and the effectiveness of many clinically useful drugs is limited by the fact that they are substrates for the efflux pump, P-glycoprotein. Because there is a need for new compounds that are effective in treating drug-resistant tumors, we tested A-204197 (4-[4-acetyl-4,5-dihydro-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N,N-dimethylbenzeneamine), a novel oxadiazoline derivative with antiproliferative properties, on cell lines that were either sensitive or resistant to known microtubule inhibitors. Cell lines that were resistant to paclitaxel, vinblastine, or colchicine were equally sensitive to A-204197 (proliferation IC50s ranging from 36 to 48 nM) despite their expression levels of P-glycoprotein. The effect of A-204197 on cell growth was associated with cell cycle arrest in G2-M, increased phosphorylation of select G2-M checkpoint proteins, and apoptosis. In competition-binding assays, A-204197 competed with [3H]-labeled colchicine for binding to tubulin (K(i) = 0.75 microM); however, it did not compete with [3H]-labeled paclitaxel. A-204197 prevented tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 4.5 microM) in vitro and depolymerized microtubules in a time-dependent manner in cultured cells. These findings indicate A-204197 is a promising new tubulin-binding compound with antimitotic activity that has potential for treating neoplastic diseases with greater efficacy than currently used antimitotic agents.
Stereoelectronic effects of deoxyribose O4' on DNA conformation. (1995)

While B-DNA, the most common DNA conformation, displays rather regular twist angles and base stacking between successive base pairs, left-handed Z-DNA is characterized by the alternation of two different dinucleotide conformations with either a large twist and a small slide or a small twist and a large slide between adjacent base pairs. This results in poor stacking within the latter dinucleotide repeat that is in apparent contradiction to the rigidity and conformational stability of Z-DNA at high ionic strength. However, at d(CpG) steps the cytidine deoxyribose is situated such that its O4' sits directly over the six-membered ring of the guanine. We show here that the particular positionings of the two O4' lone-pair electrons provide stability through an intracytidine O4'...H6--C6 hydrogen bond and an n-->pi* interaction with the guanidinium system of the stacked base. Our model is based on the assumption of a strong polarization of the guanine bases in Z-DNA that is consistent with the Z-DNA-specific guanine O6 and N7 coordination to metal and organic cations and the proximity of its N2 and C8 positions to neighboring phosphate groups, as well as several other Z-DNA-specific conformational features.
High Temperature, Permanent Magnet Biased, Fault Tolerant, Homopolar Magnetic Bearing Development (2008)

This paper summarizes the development of a magnetic bearing designed to operate at 1,000F. A novel feature of this high temperature magnetic bearing is its homopolar construction which incorporates state of the art high temperature, 1,000F, permanent magnets. A second feature is its fault tolerance capability which provides the desired control forces with over one-half of the coils failed. The construction and design methodology of the bearing is outlined and test results are shown. The agreement between a 3D finite element, magnetic field based prediction for force is shown to be in good agreement with predictions at room and high temperature. A 5 axis test rig will be complete soon to provide a means to test the magnetic bearings at high temperature and speed.
A process-insensitive high-performance NMOS operational amplifier (1980)

A new high-performance NMOS operational amplifier is described which has been fabricated using a standard n-channel enhancement-depletion MOS process. A new input stage, employing common-mode feedback, is presented that reduces the circuit's sensitivity to process variations. The compensation of MOS cascade stages is examined and a simple improvement is shown to dramatically reduce the total compensation capacitance. It is shown that the high-performance of this design is maintained for a large variation in depletion device thresholds. Finally, an output stage is described with low quiescent power dissipation and improved driving capabilities.
Energy deposition and microstructural modification in dynamically consolidated metal powders (1984)

A model is presented for the deposition of energy at powder particle surfaces during dynamic consolidation. The average energy flux incident on the surface of a powder particle is estimated to be E/τA where E is the specific energy deposited by the shock, τ is the shock rise time, and A the measured powder specific surface area. This flux is assumed to be constant over the rise time of the shock, falling abruptly to zero for times longer than τ. Solution of the thermal transport equation subject to this boundary condition yields the thermal history within a powder particle having the area-equivalent diameter 𝒟=6/ρ0A, where ρ0 is the solid density. The magnitude of the temperatures and the heating and cooling rates indicate likely material transformations. The penetration of a given isotherm provides an estimate of the volume fraction of material transformed. Good agreement is found between model calculations and measurements of the extent of local martensite formation in consolidated 4330V steel powder and of local melting in consolidated aluminum-6% silicon and copper powders. The general implications of the model are discussed.
Ginkgo Huolinhensis sp. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous of Huolinhe Coal Field, Inner Mongolia, China (2012)

新种，白果树 huolinhensis sp。nov 与从更低的白垩纪的保存得很好的表皮，在内部蒙古的 Huolinhe 煤地的 Huolinhe 形成，中国，词法上并且解剖地被学习。新种类的主要人物在深深地在叶柄的表皮上与狭窄的脑叶，在上面、更低的表皮的房间上开发的毛状体，在上面的表皮为每个房间在穹状的墙上开发的媒介乳头状的小突起，和没有毛状体被把的叶子被发现。G 的这些人物。huolinhensis sp。nov。与以前报导的白果树的已知的种类区分开来。新种类的这研究为石块白果树的分类研究是有益的，并且应该对更好理解有用在早白垩纪期间住在东北中国的白果树的 paleoenvironment。
The reaction of diphenyl carbonate with amines and its application to polymer synthesis (1979)

Abstract Selective formation of biscarbamates from diphenyl carbonate (DPC) and diamines and the preparation of polyurethanes from the carbamates and diols under mild conditions were studied. The reaction of DPC and diamines was significantly affected by catalysts, biscarbamates being exclusively prepared in high yields in the presence of 2‐hydroxypyridine. The polycondensation reaction of the biscarbamates with diols was facilitated by catalysts such as metal salts; among the catalysts examined magnesium chloride in pyridine gave the best results. Metal chlorides in pyridine also promoted the reaction of DPC with aromatic amines to give the corresponding ureas, and the direct synthesis of polyureas was achieved by the polycondensation of DPC with diamines in the presence of the chloride.
Controlling Optical Properties of Tissues (2015)

This chapter describes the fundamentals and advances of controlling tissue optical properties. As a major technology, the optical immersion method using exogenous optical clearing agents (OCAs) is discussed. Water transport in a tissue, and tissue swelling and hydration upon its interaction with an OCA, are considered. Optical clearing properties of fibrous and cell-structured tissues are analyzed by using spectrophotometry, frequency domain, fluorescence, IR vibrational, Raman, terahertz, and polarization measurements, confocal microscopy and OCT, as well as nonlinear spectroscopy techniques, such as two-photon fluorescence, SHG, and CARS. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies of a variety of human and animal tissues, such as eye sclera, skin, muscle, fat, cerebral membrane (dura mater), digestive tract tissue, tendon, blood vessels, and blood, are presented. OCA delivery, tissue permeation, and skin reservoir function are discussed. Imaging of cells and cell flows in optical clearing is also discussed. Some important applications of the tissue immersion technique are described, such as glucose sensing and precision tissue laser photodisruption, as well as other techniques of controlling tissue optical properties, such as tissue compression and stretching, noncoagulating and coagulating temperature action, and tissue whitening.