gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Graphene Transparent Conductors (2012)

Plasmonic graphene is fabricated using thermally assisted self-assembly of silver nanoparticles on graphene. The localized surface-plasmonic effect is demonstrated with the resonance frequency shifting from 446 to 495 nm when the lateral dimension of the Ag nanoparticles increases from about 50 to 150 nm. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are employed to confirm the experimentally observed light-scattering enhancement in the solar spectrum in plasmonic graphene and the decrease of both the plasmonic resonance frequency and amplitude with increasing graphene thickness. In addition, plasmonic graphene shows much-improved electrical conductance by a factor of 2-4 as compared to the original graphene, making the plasmonic graphene a promising advanced transparent conductor with enhanced light scattering for thin-film optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis and Properties of Step-Growth Polyamide Aerogels Cross-linked with Triacid Chlorides (2014)

We report the first synthesis of step-growth aromatic polyamide (PA) aerogels made using amine end-capped polyamide oligomers cross-linked with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (BTC). Isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) or terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) were combined with m-phenylenediamine (mPDA) in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) to give amine-capped polyamide oligomers formulated with up to 40 repeat units. Addition of the cross-linker, BTC, typically induces gelation in under 5 min. Solvent exchange of the resulting gels into ethanol followed by supercritical CO2 drying gives colorless aerogels with densities ranging from 0.06 to 0.33 g/cm3, compressive moduli between 5 and 312 MPa, and surface areas as high as 385 m2/g. Dielectric properties were also measured in the X-band frequency range. It was found that relative dielectric constant decreased with density as seen with other aerogels with the lowest relative dielectric constant being 1.15 for aerogels with densities of 0.06 g/cm3. Because of their superior mechanical properties, these aerogels can be utilized in a number of aerospace related applications, such as insulation for rovers, habitats, deployable structures, and extravehicular activity suits, as well as low dielectric substrates for antennas and other electronics. Because of potentially lower cost relative to polyimide and other polymer aerogels, they also have potential for use in more terrestrial applications as well, such as insulation for refrigeration, building and construction, and protective clothing.
Adversarial Learning for Fine-Grained Image Search (2019)

Fine-grained image search is still a challenging problem due to the difficulty in capturing subtle differences regardless of pose variations of objects from fine-grained categories. In practice, a dynamic inventory with new fine-grained categories adds another dimension to this challenge. In this work, we propose an end-to-end network, called FGGAN, that learns discriminative representations by implicitly learning a geometric transformation from multi-view images for fine-grained rigid object retrieval. We integrate a generative adversarial network (GAN) that can automatically handle complex view and pose variations by converting them to a canonical view without any predefined transformations. Moreover, in an open-set scenario, our network is able to better match rigid objects from unseen and unknown fine-grained categories. Extensive experiments on the public CompCars dataset and a newly collected dataset have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in both closed-set and open-set scenarios.
Visual servoing for micro-manipulation (1996)

A framework for automated micro-manipulation of microscopic objects using visual information is developed and applied to diverse problems in biology and material science. These applications include microdissection of stretched and immobilized DNA molecules using an optical microscope and dynamic studies of crystal structure formation observed with a high power transmission electron microscope. Manipulation in this context refers not only to mechanical positioning or dissection of a specimen, but also to the variation of environmental parameters that elicit a response in the specimen. The common thread between these applications is a collection of computational techniques for image compression, autofocusing, object detection, tracking, and servo loop control. A second feature of our system is a distributed software architecture that allows the proposed dynamic experiments to be conducted remotely over the wide area network. In this context, the visual information processing is used to compensate for dynamic changes and the latencies in the wide area network. This system is now available over the global Internet.
Digital micromirror device and its application to projection displays (1994)

The digital micromirror device (DMD) is a monolithic, micromechanical spatial light modulator. The DMD has been used to implement the first truly digital projection display systems. In these systems, discrete, tilting mirror elements are fabricated from sputter deposited aluminum directly on top of arrays of complementary metal–oxide semiconductor memory cells. The mirrors are switched between two stable tilted states according to whether a ‘‘1’’ or a ‘‘0’’ is stored in the underlying memory location. An optical system illuminates the DMD and projects its image in such a way that the image of each mirror, which represents a single pixel in the projected image, is at full brightness when the mirror is tilted in the ‘‘1’’ state and full darkness when the mirror is tilted in the ‘‘0’’ state. The refresh rate of the memory and the response rate of the mirrors are high enough so that hundreds of memory frames can be displayed during one video frame, and so that each pixel can be on or off in a binary fashion for a portion of the video frame proportional to that pixel’s individual intensity. The digital-to-analog conversion of this intensity occurs in the eye/brain of the viewer. The mirrors are typically square, 16 μm on a side, and placed on 17 μm centers. Each mirror tilts 10° from horizontal in each of its two addressed states, so that the ‘‘1’’ state and ‘‘0’’ state are 20° apart. Arrays of mirrors ranging from resolutions of 768×576 mirrors up to 2048×1152 mirrors have been fabricated.The article will describe the fabrication process for the DMD, the optical system used to project the DMD image, and the electronic method of addressing the device. Prototype projection systems will be described and preliminary performance measurements will be presented.
Epsin 3 Is a Novel Extracellular Matrix-induced Transcript Specific to Wounded Epithelia (2001)

Using an in vitro model of keratinocyte activation by the extracellular matrix following injury, we have identified epsin 3, a novel protein closely related to, but distinct from previously described epsins. Epsin 3 contains a domain structure common to this gene family, yet demonstrates novel differences in its regulation and pattern of expression. Epsin 3 mRNA and protein were undetectable in keratinocytes isolated from unwounded skin, but induced in cells following contact with fibrillar type I collagen. The native triple helical structure of collagen was required to mediate this response as cells failed to express epsin 3 when plated on gelatin. Consistent with the reported function of other epsins, epsin 3 was evident in keratinocytes as punctate vesicles throughout the cytoplasm that partially co-localized with clathrin. In addition, epsin 3 exhibited nuclear accumulation when nuclear export was inhibited. In contrast to other known epsins, epsin 3 was restricted to keratinocytes migrating across collagen and down-regulated following cell differentiation, suggesting that expression was spatially and temporally regulated. Indeed, epsin 3 was localized specifically to migrating keratinocytes in cutaneous wounds, but not found in intact skin. Intriguingly, Northern hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments indicated that epsin 3 expression was restricted to epithelial wounds or pathologies exhibiting altered cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Thus, we have identified a novel type I collagen-induced epsin that demonstrates structural and behavioral similarity to this gene family, yet exhibits restricted and regulated expression, suggesting that epsin 3 may serve an important function in activated epithelial cells during tissue morphogenesis.
Recognition of Non-Cooperative Individuals at a Distance with 3D Face Modeling (2007)

We present an approach to identify non-cooperative individuals at a distance from a sequence of images using 3D face models. Most biometric features (such as fingerprints, hand shape, iris or retinal scans) require cooperative subjects in close proximity to the biometric system. Even top 2D face recognition systems today are only reliable at a distance when presented with frontal images. Our approach is accomplished by processing images acquired with an ultra-high resolution video camera, inferring the location of the subjects' head, using this information to crop the region of interest, building a 3D face model, and using this 3D model to perform biometric identification. To build the 3D model, we use an image sequence, as natural head and body motion provides enough viewpoint variation to perform stereo-motion for 3D face reconstruction. The 3D face model allows the use of true shape invariants for recognition against 3D galleries. Also the 3D model can assist in matching non-frontal faces against 2D galleries by rotating and rendering the 3D reconstruction into a 2D frontal image when only a 2D gallery is available. This approach constitutes a considerable step forward in solving the challenging problem of biometric identification at a distance.
Purification and Properties of a Novel Enzyme, Trehalose Synthase, from<i>Pimelobacter</i>sp. R48 (1996)

A novel enzyme, trehalose synthase, was purified from a cell-free extract of Pimelobacter sp. R48 to an electrophoretically homogeneous state by successive chromatographies on DEAE-Toyopearl 650, Butyl-Toyopearl 650, and Mono Q HR5/5 columns. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 62,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzyme had a pI of 4.6 by gel isoelectrofocusing. The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of maltose into trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation. The enzyme also converted into maltose but was inactive on other saccharides. The N-terminal amino acid of the enzyme was serine. The optimum pH and temperature were pH7.5 and 20 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the range of pH 6.0-9.0 and up to 30 degrees C for 60 min. The rate of conversion of maltose into trehalose was independent of the maltose concentration. The maximum yield of trehalose from maltose were 81.8%, 80.9%, and 76.7% at 5, 15, and 25 degrees C, respectively. The activity was inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Tris.
DIG-COLA: Directed Graph Layout through Constrained Energy Minimization (2006)

We describe a new method for visualization of directed graphs. The method combines constraint programming techniques with a high performance force directed placement (FDP) algorithm so that the directed nature of the graph is highlighted while useful properties of FDP - such as emphasis of symmetries and preservation of proximity relations - are retained. Our algorithm automatically identifies those parts of the digraph that contain hierarchical information and draws them accordingly. Additionally, those parts that do not contain hierarchy are drawn at the same quality expected from a nonhierarchical, undirected layout algorithm. An interesting application of our algorithm is directional multidimensional scaling (DMDS). DMDS deals with low dimensional embedding of multivariate data where we want to emphasize the overall flow in the data (e.g. chronological progress) along one of the axes.
Biological Properties of Human Prolactin Analogs Depend Not Only on Global Hormone Affinity, but Also on the Relative Affinities of Both Receptor Binding Sites (1999)

Zinc increases the affinity of human growth hormone (hGH) for the human prolactin receptor (hPRLR) due to the coordination of one zinc ion involving Glu-174(hGH) and His-18(hGH). In contrast, binding of hPRL to the hPRLR is zinc-independent. We engineered in binding site 1 of hPRL a hGH-like zinc coordination site, by mutating Asp-183(hPRL) (homologous to Glu-174(hGH)) into Glu (D183E mutation). This mutation was also introduced into G129R hPRL, a binding site 2 mutant (Goffin, V., Kinet, S., Ferrag, F., Binart, N., Martial, J. A. , and Kelly, P. A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16573-16579). These analogs were characterized using a stable clone expressing both the hPRLR and a PRLR-responsive reporter gene. The D183E mutation per se decreases the binding affinity and transcriptional activity of hPRL. However, this loss is partially rescued by the addition of zinc and the effect is much more marked on bioactivity than on binding affinity. These data indicate that the D183E mutation confers zinc sensitivity to hPRL biological properties. Due to an impaired site 2, the agonistic activity of G129R analog is almost nil. Although the double mutant D183E/G129R displays lower affinity ( approximately 1 log) compared with G129R hPRL, it unexpectedly recovers partial agonistic activity in the absence of zinc. Moreover, whereas zinc increases the affinity of D183E/G129R, it paradoxically abolishes its agonistic activity. Our results demonstrate that the biological properties of hPRL analogs do not necessarily parallel their overall affinity. Rather, the relative affinities of the individual binding sites 1 and 2 may play an even more important role.
A simplified scattered pilot for FBMC/OQAM in highly frequency selective channels (2014)

Filterbank multi-carrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) avoids the usage of the cyclic prefix (CP) by using more localized prototype filters. However, channel estimation in highly frequency selective channels is very challenging, especially for the scattered pilots due to the intrinsic interference leaked from the neighboring symbols. This paper presents a novel pilot design called Composite Pilot Pair (CPP), which exploits the localization property of the filters to enable a simple estimation procedure at the receiver. The proposed CPP design and corresponding receiving algorithm have been evaluated on an FBMC-based, Long Term Evolution (LTE) like mobile system. The evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional auxiliary pilot algorithms substantially, both in terms of power overhead and pilot mean square error (MSE), whereas the overall receive complexity is low. Moreover, the proposed method respects the frame design principles for the mobile downlink, and is applicable to both common and dedicated pilot symbols in the next generation mobile systems.
GPS attitude system integrated with an inertial system for space applications (2002)

The integration of a GPS attitude determination system with an inertial navigation system is discussed. A demonstration was performed showing the benefits of GPS attitude aiding of an inertial system. This demonstration was done in part to support the NASA study investigating a common GPS/INS concept for space applications. The study led to a full development program of this common architecture for Space Shuttle, Space Station and the Crew Return Vehicle.
QuadroNet: Multi-Task Learning for Real-Time Semantic Depth Aware Instance Segmentation (2021)

Vision for autonomous driving is a uniquely challenging problem: the number of tasks required for full scene understanding is large and diverse; the quality requirements on each task are stringent due to the safety-critical nature of the application; and the latency budget is limited, requiring real-time solutions. In this work we address these challenges with QuadroNet, a one-shot network that jointly produces four outputs: 2D detections, instance segmentation, semantic segmentation, and monocular depth estimates in real-time (>60fps) on consumer-grade GPU hardware. On a challenging real-world autonomous driving dataset, we demonstrate an increase of+2.4% mAP for detection, +3.15% mIoU for semantic segmentation, +5.05% mAP@0.5 for instance segmentation and +1.36% in δ <; 1.25 for depth prediction over a baseline approach. We also compare our work against other multi-task learning approaches on Cityscapes and demonstrate state-of-the-art results.
Multi-Antigen Outer Membrane Vesicle Engineering to Develop Polyvalent Vaccines: The Staphylococcus aureus Case (2021)

Modification of surface antigens and differential expression of virulence factors are frequent strategies pathogens adopt to escape the host immune system. These escape mechanisms make pathogens a "moving target" for our immune system and represent a challenge for the development of vaccines, which require more than one antigen to be efficacious. Therefore, the availability of strategies, which simplify vaccine design, is highly desirable. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are a promising vaccine platform for their built-in adjuvanticity, ease of purification and flexibility to be engineered with foreign proteins. However, data on if and how OMVs can be engineered with multiple antigens is limited. In this work, we report a multi-antigen expression strategy based on the co-expression of two chimeras, each constituted by head-to-tail fusions of immunogenic proteins, in the same OMV-producing strain. We tested the strategy to develop a vaccine against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a Gram-positive human pathogen responsible for a large number of community and hospital-acquired diseases. Here we describe an OMV-based vaccine in which four <i>S. aureus</i> virulent factors, ClfA<sub>Y338A</sub>, LukE, SpA<sub>KKAA</sub> and Hla<sub>H35L</sub> have been co-expressed in the same OMVs (CLSH-OMVs<sub>Δ60</sub>). The vaccine elicited antigen-specific antibodies with functional activity, as judged by their capacity to promote opsonophagocytosis and to inhibit Hla-mediated hemolysis, LukED-mediated leukocyte killing, and ClfA-mediated <i>S. aureus</i> binding to fibrinogen. Mice vaccinated with CLSH-OMVs<sub>Δ60</sub> were robustly protected from <i>S. aureus</i> challenge in the skin, sepsis and kidney abscess models. This study not only describes a generalized approach to develop easy-to-produce and inexpensive multi-component vaccines, but also proposes a new tetravalent vaccine candidate ready to move to development.
POSTER (2014)

Today, organizations have limited resources available to allocate to the detection of complex cyber-attacks. In order to optimize their resource allocation, organizations must conduct a thorough risk analysis process so as to focus their efforts and resources on the protection of the organization's important assets. In this study we propose a framework that automatically and dynamically derives a misuseability score for every IT component (e.g., PC, laptop, server, router, smartphone, and user). The misuseability score encapsulates the potential damage that can be caused to the organization when its assets are compromised and misused.
Photopolymerization Of Levitated Droplets (1989)

Experimental containerless process combines two established techniques to make variety of polymeric microspheres. In single step, electrostatically-levitated monomer droplets polymerized by ultraviolet light. Faster than multiple-step emulsion polymerization process used to make microspheres. Droplets suspended in cylindrical quadrupole electrostatic levitator. Alternating electrostatic field produces dynamic potential along axis. Process enables tailoring of microspheres for medical, scientific, and industrial applications.
High-efficiency yellow double-doped organic light-emitting devices based on phosphor-sensitized fluorescence (2001)

We demonstrate high-efficiency yellow organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) employing [2-methyl-6-[2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene] propane-dinitrile (DCM2) as a fluorescent lumophore, with a green electrophospho- rescent sensitizer, fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] co-doped into a 4,4′-N,N′dicarbazole-biphenyl host. The devices exhibit peak external fluorescent quantum and power efficiencies of 9%±1% (25 cd/A) and 17±2 lm/W at 0.01 mA/cm2, respectively. At 10 mA/cm2, the efficiencies are 4.1%±0.5% (11 cd/A) and 3.1±0.3 lm/W. We show that this exceptionally high performance for a fluorescent dye is due to the ∼100% efficient transfer of both singlet and triplet excited states in the doubly doped host to the fluorescent material using Ir(ppy)3 as a sensitizing agent. These results suggest that 100% internal quantum efficiency fluorescent OLEDs employing this sensitization process are within reach.
Hybrid numerical method for solution of the radiative transfer equation in one, two, or three dimensions (2004)

A hybrid method is presented by which Monte Carlo (MC) techniques are combined with an iterative relaxation algorithm to solve the radiative transfer equation in arbitrary one-, two-, or three-dimensional optical environments. The optical environments are first divided into contiguous subregions, or elements. MC techniques are employed to determine the optical response function of each type of element. The elements are combined, and relaxation techniques are used to determine simultaneously the radiance field on the boundary and throughout the interior of the modeled environment. One-dimensional results compare well with a standard radiative transfer model. The light field beneath and adjacent to a long barge is modeled in two dimensions and displayed. Ramifications for underwater video imaging are discussed. The hybrid model is currently capable of providing estimates of the underwater light field needed to expedite inspection of ship hulls and port facilities.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers for chemical detection in nitrogen (2007)

The authors present the prototype of a chemical sensor using a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer array. Each element in the array consists of a large number of resonating membranes connected in parallel. A five-channel oscillator circuit operates at the resonant frequency around 6MHz in this prototype. The surface of the elements in the array is coated by polymers such as polyallylamine hydrochloride, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol to detect different chemicals. By measuring shift in oscillation frequencies due to the mass-loading effect, analytes, e.g., water and isopropanol, with concentrations around 20ppbv (parts per 109 by volume) range can be detected.