gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorine Beam Performance of Fluoride Dopant Gases and Their Gas Mixtures (2018)

Fluorine co-implantation is used in advanced semiconductor device manufacturing for defect engineering, shallow junction formation, and material modification. A common setup for fluorine implantation includes feeding a fluoride dopant source gas into the ion source to provide fluorine (F) as one of the dissociation byproducts. Use of fluorine containing feed gases creates a halogen cycle which can negatively impact ion source performance, source life, implant tool productivity and cost of tool ownership. However, there has been a significant interest in improving fluorine ion beam performance considering its broad potential applications. This paper presents initial results of fluorine beam evaluation of common dopant candidates (BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , SiF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> and GeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) and related hydrogen co-mixtures for added process efficiency and tool productivity improvements.
Magnetic properties of a new type of rare-earth cobalt magnets Sm&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;(Co, Cu, Fe, M)&lt;inf&gt;17&lt;/inf&gt; (1977)

The effects of various additive elements on the magnetic properties of Sm-Co-Cu-Fe quaternary alloys were studied. It was found that zirconium was the best additive element for improvement of their magnetic properties. The best properties were so far obtained for an alloy of Co, 25.5wt% Sm, 8wt% Cu, 15wt% Fe, 1.5wt% Zr. The energy product of this alloy attains 30MGOe by a step tempering following the solution treatment. In addition to excellent magnetic properties, Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</inf> type permanent magnets exhibited the desirable temperature coefficient of residual magnetization of 0.03%/°C and a temperature coefficient of intrinsic coercive force of 0.16%/°C.
GENETIC MANIPULATION OF NEGATIVE-STRAND RNA VIRUS GENOMES (1993)

Negative-strand RNA viruses have been refractory to genetic manipulation using recombinant DNA techniques. Recently, new techniques were developed that allowed the rescue of synthetic RNA molecules into influenza A viruses and, subsequently, into other negative-strand RNA viruses. These techniques are presently being used to study the molecular biology of these viruses. Questions concerning cis- and trans-acting elements that are involved in transcription and replication of negative-sense RNA viral genomes can now be addressed with reverse genetic approaches. Further development of this methodology has enabled the construction--by recombinant DNA techniques--of influenza A viruses that contain altered genomes. The phenotypic characteristics and possible applications of these novel transfectant viruses are also discussed.
Phenotypic Screening of Phylomer Peptide Libraries Derived from Genome Fragments to Identify and Validate New Targets and Therapeutics (2009)

The high hit rates from phylomer libraries are sufficient to allow libraries composed of synthetic peptides to be synthesized and screened in parallel high-throughput screening formats. In addition to allowing the identification of new targets, the phylomer peptides themselves may be useful as structural probes to map epitopes of target vulnerability and as leads in therapeutic discovery.
Identification of a Novel Neutralizing and Two Non-Neutralizing Epitopes on Epstein-Barr Virus gp350 Protein (2018)

Abstract Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primary infection has focused on generating neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) targeting the major envelope glycoprotein gp350/220 (gp350). To date, eight gp350 epitopes have been identified, but only one has elicited nAbs. In this study, we generated 23 hybridomas that produced anti-gp350 antibodies. We compared the candidate anti-gp350 antibodies to nAb-72A1 by: (1) testing their ability to detect gp350 using ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunoblot; (2) sequencing their heavy and light chain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs); (3) measuring the ability of each monoclonal antibody (mAb) to neutralize EBV infection in vitro ; and (4) mapping the gp350 amino acids bound by the mAbs using RepliTope peptide microarrays. Eight antibodies recognized both denatured and non-denatured gp350, whereas five failed to react with denatured gp350 but recognized native gp350, suggesting they recognized conformational epitope(s). Sequence analysis of the heavy and light chain variable regions of the hybridomas identified 15 as mAbs with novel CDR regions unique from those of nAb-72A1. Seven of the new mAbs neutralized EBV in vitro , with HB20 and HB17 reducing EBV infection by 40% and >60%, and >30% and 80%, at 10 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. Epitope mapping identified nine epitopes and defined their core residues, including two unique immunodominant epitopes, 253 TPIPGTGYAYSLRLTPRPVSRFL 253 and 875 LLLLVMADCAFRRNLSTSHTYTTPPY 899 , and a novel nAb epitope 381 GAFASNRTFDIT 392 . This study provides comprehensive in vitro mapping of the exact residues defining nine epitopes of EBV gp350. Our findings will inform novel strategies to design optimal EBV vaccines capable of conferring broader protection against the virus. Importance Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) directed against Epstein-Barr virus envelope glycoprotein gp350/220 (gp350) are generated in humans upon infection or immunization, and are thought to prevent neonatal infection. However, clinical use of exogenous nAbs (passive immunization) is limited to a single study using the only well-characterized nAb, 72A1. The gp350 ectodomain contains at least eight unique B-cell binding epitopes; two of these epitopes are recognized by nAb-72A1. The exact amino acid residues of the other six epitopes and their role in generating nAbs has not been elucidated. We used our 15 newly generated and fully characterized monoclonal antibodies and a peptide-overlapping RepliTope array to provide a comprehensive map of the core amino acid residues that define epitopes of gp350 and to understand their role in generating nAbs. These results will inform design of better-targeted gp350 peptide vaccines that contain only protective epitopes, which will focus the B-cell response to produce predominantly nAbs.
A nonparametric method for extraction of candidate phrasal terms (2005)

This paper introduces a new method for identifying candidate phrasal terms (also known as multiword units) which applies a nonparametric, rank-based heuristic measure. Evaluation of this measure, the mutual rank ratio metric, shows that it produces better results than standard statistical measures when applied to this task.
Learning Edit Machines for Robust Multimodal Understanding (2006)

Multimodal grammars provide an expressive formalism for multimodal integration and understanding. However, hand-crafted multimodal grammars can be brittle with respect to unexpected, erroneous, or disfluent inputs. In previous work, we have shown how the robustness of stochastic language models can be combined with the expressiveness of multimodal grammars by adding a finite-state edit machine to the multimodal language processing cascade. In this paper, we present an approach where the edits are trained from data using a noisy channel model paradigm. We evaluate this model and compare its performance against hand-crafted edit machines from our previous work in the context of a multimodal conversational system (MATCH)
Activation of Sonic hedgehog signaling in ventricular cardiomyocytes exerts cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion injuries (2015)

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a conserved protein involved in embryonic tissue patterning and development. SHH signaling has been reported as a cardio-protective pathway via muscle repair-associated angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of SHH signaling pathway in the adult myocardium in physiological situation and after ischemia-reperfusion. We show in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion that stimulation of SHH pathway, either by a recombinant peptide or shed membranes microparticles harboring SHH ligand, prior to reperfusion reduces both infarct size and subsequent arrhythmias by preventing ventricular repolarization abnormalities. We further demonstrate in healthy animals a reduction of QTc interval mediated by NO/cGMP pathway leading to the shortening of ventricular cardiomyocytes action potential duration due to the activation of an inward rectifying potassium current sharing pharmacological and electrophysiological properties with ATP-dependent potassium current. Besides its effect on both angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction we demonstrate here a novel cardio-protective effect of SHH acting directly on the cardiomyocytes. This emphasizes the pleotropic effect of SHH pathway as a potential cardiac therapeutic target.
Visual input for pen-based computers (2002)

Handwriting may be captured using a video camera, rather than the customary pressure-sensitive tablet. This paper presents a simple system based on correlation and recursive prediction methods that can track the tip of the pen in real time with sufficient spatio-temporal resolution and accuracy to enable handwritten character recognition. The system is tested on a large and heterogeneous set of examples and its performance is compared to that of three human operators and a commercial high-resolution pressure-sensitive tablet.
A flexible summary-based colocalization method with application to the mucin Cystic Fibrosis lung disease modifier locus (2021)

Abstract Mucus obstruction is a central feature in the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lung disease by the CF Gene Modifier Consortium (CFGMC) identified a significant locus containing two mucin genes, MUC20 and MUC4 . Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis using human nasal epithelial (HNE) from 94 CF Canadians in the CFGMC demonstrated MUC4 eQTLs that mirrored the lung association pattern in the region, suggesting that MUC4 expression may mediate CF lung disease. Complications arose, however, with colocalization testing using existing methods: the locus is complex and the associated SNPs span a 0.2Mb region with high linkage disequilibrium and evidence of eQTLs for multiple genes and tissues (heterogeneity). We previously developed the Simple Sum ( SS ), a powerful colocalization test in regions with heterogeneity, but SS assumed eQTLs to be present to achieve type I error control. Here we propose a two-stage SS (SS2) colocalization test that avoids a prior eQTL assumptions, accounts for multiple hypothesis testing and the composite null hypothesis and enables meta-analysis. We compare SS2 to published approaches through simulation and demonstrate type I error control for all settings with the greatest power in the presence of high LD and heterogeneity. Applying SS2 to the MUC20/MUC4 CF lung disease locus with eQTLs from CF HNE revealed significant colocalization with MUC4 (p = 1.71×10 −5 ) rather than MUC20 . The SS2 is a powerful method to inform the responsible gene(s) at a locus and guide future functional studies. SS2 has been implemented in the application LocusFocus ( locusfocus.research.sickkids.ca ).
Pilot study of sphenopalatine injection of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of intractable chronic migraine (2016)

Objective The main objective of this pilot study was to investigate the safety of administering onabotulinumtoxinA towards the sphenopalatine ganglion in 10 patients with intractable chronic migraine with an open, uncontrolled design. We also collected efficacy data to provide an indication as to whether future placebo-controlled studies should be performed. Method In a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study after one-month baseline, we performed bilateral injections of 25 IU onabotulinumtoxinA (total dose 50 IU) toward the sphenopalatine ganglion in a single outpatient session in 10 patients with intractable migraine with a follow-up of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was adverse events and the main efficacy outcome was frequency of moderate and severe headache days in month 2 post-treatment compared to baseline. Results All 10 patients experienced a total of 25 adverse events. The majority of these were different types of local discomfort in the face and jaw, and none were classified as serious. In an intention-to-treat analysis of the main efficacy outcome, a statistically significant reduction of moderate and severe headache days in baseline versus month 2 was observed (16.3 ± 6.2 days baseline versus 7.6 ± 7.6 days month 2, p = 0.009). Eight out of 10 patients experienced an at least 50% reduction of moderate and severe headache days compared to baseline. Conclusion The result warrants randomised, placebo-controlled studies to establish both safety and efficacy of this potential novel treatment of chronic migraine.
Poly(enamine‐ketones) from hydrogen‐terminated aromatic dipropynones and aromatic diamines (1989)

Abstract Poly(enamine‐ketones) were prepared by the nucleophilic (Michael‐type) addition of various aromatic diamines to 1,1′‐(1,3‐ or 1,4‐phenylene) bis (2‐propyn‐1‐one)(1,3 or 1,4‐PPO) in m ‐cresol at 5–23°C. The low molecular weight polymers (inherent viscosity of 0.25 dL/g) exhibited limited solubility in organic solvents. Glass transition temperatures were generally undetectable by differential scanning calorimetry while polymer decomposition temperatures (10% weight loss), as measured by thermogravimetric analysis, were observed from 355 to 419°C. Polymers prepared from 1,4‐PPO were semi‐crystalline as shown by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The poly(enamine‐ketone) structure was confirmed by matching infrared spectral characteristics of the polymers with those of well‐characterized model enamine ketones.
The influence of different stimulation conditions on the assessment of antigen‐induced CD154 expression on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (2008)

Recently, new methods have been introduced describing assessment of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell immunity according to the induction of CD154 (CD40L) on CD4+ T cells during short-term activation. In our study, we have evaluated the influence of different stimulation conditions on the flow cytometric analysis of CD154 expression after antigenic in vitro activation. We used different cell preparation methods, antigen sources, and time periods of in vitro stimulation and analyzed their impact on intra and extracellular detection of antigen-induced CD154 expression on CD4+ T cells. We could demonstrate that analysis of CD4+ T-cell immunity according to CD154 expression displayed low intra-assay variability and was robust with respect to its induction in the course of a variety of stimulation conditions. For a basic quantitative evaluation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, surface CD154 analysis could be employed, enabling the fast analysis of live antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Intracellular analysis of CD154 in combination with cytokines such as IL-2 and IFNgamma allowed quantitative and qualitative assessment of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. The cytometric analysis of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell immunity according to CD154 expression is characterized by robustness, high sensitivity, and low intra-assay variability.
Comparison of two high affinity gallium-68-labeled bradykinin receptor antagonists for in vivo imaging of bradykinin B1 receptor expression (2016)

113 Objectives The bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor and is minimally expressed in normal tissues. Due to its overexpression in a variety of cancers, B1R is a promising cancer imaging biomarker. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated two B1R-targeting peptides, 68Ga-P05022 (68Ga-DOTA-Pip-B9858) and 68Ga-Z02176 (68Ga-DOTA-Pip-B9958), for imaging B1R expression with PET (Pip: 4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl)piperidine; B9858:Lys-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Igl-Ser-D-Igl-Oic; B9958: Lys-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Cpg-Ser-D-Tic-Cpg). Methods The DOTA-conjugated peptides were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis, and reacted with GaCl3 to obtain cold standards. B1R binding affinity was measured by in vitro competition binding assays. The peptides were labeled with 68Ga by microwave heating followed by HPLC purification. LogD7.4 values were determined via traditional shake flask method. PET/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in NODSCID/IL2RKO mice bearing both B1R-negative (B1R-) HEK293T wild-type tumor and B1R-positive (B1R+) HEK293T::hB1R tumor. Blocking studies were performed by co-injecting the tracers with their respective cold standard (100 μg). Results P05022 and Z02176 were obtained with 12 % and 18 % overall yield. The binding affinities (Ki) of P05022 and Z02176 to hB1R were 5.5 ± 0.1 and 2.5 ± 0.8 nM, respectively. 68Ga-labeled P05022 and Z02176 were prepared in 42 - 76 % decay-corrected radiochemical yield, with > 99 % radiochemical purity and 41 - 282 GBq/μmol specific activity. Both tracers were highly hydrophilic with LogD7.4 of -2.65 ± 0.15 and -4.15 ± 0.04 for P05022 and Z02176, respectively. The PET imaging and biodistribution studies at 1-h post-injection showed extremely low background (~ 1 %ID/g or less) of both tracers. Only kidneys, bladder, and B1R+ tumor were clearly visualized in PET images. The biodistribution data showed that both tracers were excreted mainly via the renal pathway. At 1-h post-injection, B1R+ tumor uptake for 68Ga-Z02176 (28.9 ± 6.21 %ID/g) was higher than 68Ga-P05022 (11.6 ± 3.30 %ID/g). The B1R+ tumor-to-blood and B1R+ tumor-to-muscle ratios were also higher with 68Ga-Z02176 (56.1 ± 17.3 and 167 ± 57.6) compared to 68Ga-P05022 (34.3 ± 15.2 and 103 ± 30.2). Negligible uptake in B1R- tumors indicated that the uptake in B1R+ tumors was receptor mediated. In addition, co-injecting with the cold standard reduced B1R+ tumor uptake by more than 85 % for both radiotracers. Conclusions 68Ga-P05022, 68Ga-Z02176, and their cold compounds were successfully synthesized and characterized. Both tracers had high binding affinities for B1R. PET imaging and biodistribution studies revealed that 68Ga-Z02176 was superior to 68Ga-P05022 and other previously reported tracers for B1R-targeting imaging. Our results indicate that 68Ga-Z02176 warrants further studies for potential clinical translation.
Wavelength self‐initialization technique using allocated light paths of WDM‐PON (2013)

Abstract A new wavelength initialization technique for WDM‐PON (wavelength division multiplexed‐passive optical network) system is proposed, where it uses allocated light path over optical link. Compared with other techniques, it is expected that the smallest size and the lowest cost for implementing this will be achieved in the real network. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:753–755, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27426
Improved Speaker Model Migration Via Stochastic Synthesis (2006)

Model migration in speaker recognition is a task of converting parametrically-obsolete models to new structures and configurations without the requirement to store the original speech waveforms or feature vector sequences along with the models. This paper reports on further enhancements of a statistical migration technique based on Gaussian mixture models, introduced previously. The present approach is based on a stochastic synthesis of feature sequences from obsolete models that are subsequently used to create the new models. Here, in addition to Gaussian means and priors, as utilized in the previous contribution, also the covariances are included resulting in significant performance gains in the migrated models, compared to the mean-only method. Overall, measured on the NIST 2003 cellular task, the described algorithm achieves a model migration incurring a loss in performance of 8-20% relative to a full re-enrollment from waveforms, dependent on the type of mismatch between the obsolete and the new configuration. The inclusion of the covariance information is shown to reduce the loss of performance by a factor of 3-4 as compared to the baseline mean-only migration technique.
Integration of an adaptive swing control into a neuromuscular human walking model (2013)

Understanding the neuromuscular control underlying human locomotion has the potential to deliver practical controllers for humanoid and prosthetic robots. However, neurocontrollers developed in forward dynamic simulations are seldom applied as practical controllers due to their lack of robustness and adaptability. A key element for robust and adaptive locomotion is swing leg placement. Here we integrate a previously identified robust swing leg controller into a full neuromuscular human walking model and demonstrate that the integrated model has largely improved behaviors including walking on very rough terrain (±10 cm) and stair climbing (15 cm stairs). These initial results highlight the potential of the identified robust swing control. We plan to generalize it to a range of human locomotion behaviors critical in rehabilitation robotics.
Advanced Computed-Tomography Inspection System (1993)

Advanced Computed Tomography Inspection System (ACTIS) is computed-tomography x-ray apparatus revealing internal structures of objects in wide range of sizes and materials. Three x-ray sources and adjustable scan geometry gives system unprecedented versatility. Gantry contains translation and rotation mechanisms scanning x-ray beam through object inspected. Distance between source and detector towers varied to suit object. System used in such diverse applications as development of new materials, refinement of manufacturing processes, and inspection of components.
On the Accuracy Evaluation of Ultrasonic Doppler Flowmeter (2006)

The accuracy evaluation of a pipe flowmeter using ultrasonic velocity profiler is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The error depends basically on the data points on discretized velocity profile, but it decreases rapidly with increasing the data points. It can be reduced, relative to the theoretical velocity profile, below 1% with about 100 data points. The error arising from averaging the instantaneous flow rate increases with the fluctuation amplitude in the loop and decreases with its frequency and total measurement time. A procedure to determine the total averaging time is proposed.
Energy Density Enhancement of Stacked Switched Capacitor Energy Buffers Through Capacitance Ratio Optimization (2016)

The recently proposed stacked switched capacitor (SSC) energy buffer architecture can extend the lifetime of single-phase ac-dc converters by replacing the electrolytic capacitors needed for twice-line-frequency energy storage with film or ceramic capacitors, while maintaining comparable effective energy density. This paper presents a methodology for further increasing the effective energy density of SSC energy buffers by optimizing the capacitance ratios of the capacitors used in the energy buffer. It is systematically shown that the relative enhancement in effective energy density depends on the required ripple ratio and the number of backbone and supporting capacitors in the energy buffer. The proposed approach can substantially increase the effective energy density of the energy buffer. For example, the effective energy density of a 1-10 enhanced unipolar SSC energy buffer, designed for a 10% ripple ratio, can be increased by 100% as a result of this capacitance ratio optimization. The presented methodology is validated using a 1-2 enhanced unipolar SSC energy buffer designed for an 8-W offline LED driver.
ChemInform Abstract: IMIDAZO(4,5‐F)QUINOLINES. 4. SYNTHESIS AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF A SERIES OF IMIDAZO(4,5‐F)QUINOLIN‐9‐OLS (1978)

Abstract Aus den Amino‐benzamidazo1en (I) entstehen mit den Ketoestern (II) über die Enamine die Cyclisierungsprodukte (IV).