gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new linear perfluoroalkyl polyethers starting from diols and tetrafluoroethylene (2010)

Abstract New linear perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPEs) with regularly sequenced repeat units are prepared by a four‐step synthesis starting from simple glycols and tetrafluoroethylene. The synthesis includes: (i) the reaction of glycols with tetrafluoroethylene to give bis(tetrafluoroethyl)alkyl ethers, (ii) the dehydrofluorination of the adduct with butyllithium to obtain bis(trifluorovinyl)alkyl ethers, (iii) the polymerisation of the trifluorovinyl ethers with glycols in the presence of base to make polyfluoroalkyl polyethers, and (iv) finally the fluorination of the polymers to provide PFPEs. The repeat units of the final PFPEs are altered by the variation of diols used in steps 1 and 3. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting on-topic sentences from natural language corpora (2007)

We describe a system that examines input sentences with respect to arbitrary topics formulated as natural language expressions. It extracts predicate-argument structures from text intervals and links them into semantically organized proposition trees. By instantiating trees constructed for topic descriptions in trees representing input sentences or parts thereof, we are able to assess degree of “topicality” for each sentence. The presented strategy was used in the BBN distillation system for the GALE Year 1 evaluation and achieved outstanding results compared to other systems and human participants.
FORTIS (2016)

With the advent of globalization in the semiconductor industry, it is necessary to prevent unauthorized usage of third-party IPs (3PIPs), cloning and unwanted modification of 3PIPs, and unauthorized production of ICs. Due to the increasing complexity of ICs, system-on-chip (SoC) designers use various 3PIPs in their design to reduce time-to-market and development costs, which creates a trust issue between the SoC designer and the IP owners. In addition, as the ICs are fabricated around the globe, the SoC designers give fabrication contracts to offshore foundries to manufacture ICs and have little control over the fabrication process, including the total number of chips fabricated. Similarly, the 3PIP owners lack control over the number of fabricated chips and/or the usage of their IPs in an SoC. Existing research only partially addresses the problems of IP piracy and IC overproduction, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no work that considers IP overuse. In this article, we present a comprehensive solution for preventing IP piracy and IC overproduction by assuring forward trust between all entities involved in the SoC design and fabrication process. We propose a novel design flow to prevent IC overproduction and IP overuse. We use an existing logic encryption technique to obfuscate the netlist of an SoC or a 3PIP and propose a modification to enable manufacturing tests before the activation of chips which is absolutely necessary to prevent overproduction. We have used asymmetric and symmetric key encryption, in a fashion similar to Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), to transfer keys from the SoC designer or 3PIP owners to the chips. In addition, we also propose to attach an IP digest (a cryptographic hash of the entire IP) to the header of an IP to prevent modification of the IP by the SoC designers. We have shown that our approach is resistant to various attacks with the cost of minimal area overhead.
Safe Autonomous Flight Environment (SAFE50) for the Notional Last “50 ft” of Operation of “55 lb” Class of UAS (2017)

The most difficult phase of small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) deployment is autonomous operations below the notional 50 ft in urban landscapes. Understanding the feasibility of safely flying sUAS autonomously below 50 ft is a game changer for many civilian applications. This paper outlines three areas of research currently underway which address key challenges for flight in the urban landscape. These are: (1) Off-line and On-board wind estimation and accommodation; (2) Real-time trajectory planning via characterization of obstacles using a LIDAR; (3) On-board information fusion for real-time decision-making and safe trajectory generation.
A mitochondrial DNA variant, identified in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients, which extends the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. (1992)

A G-to-A transition at nucleotide pair (np) 7444 in the mtDNA was found to correlate with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). The mutation eliminates the termination codon of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, extending the COI polypeptide by three amino acids. The mutation was discovered as an XbaI restriction-endonuclease-site loss present in 2 (9.1%) of 22 LHON patients who lacked the np 11778 LHON mutation and in 6 (1.1%) of 545 unaffected controls. The mutant polypeptide has an altered mobility on SDS-PAGE, suggesting a structural alteration, and the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme activity of patient lymphocytes is reduced approximately 40% relative to that in controls. These data suggest that the np 7444 mutation results in partial respiratory deficiency and thus contributes to the onset of LHON.
Epidemiologic, immunologic and practical considerations in developing and evaluating a human hookworm vaccine (2005)

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440. Extreme Polyvalency Induces Potent Cross-Clade Cellular and Humoral Responses in Rabbits and Non-Human Primates (2016)

There is a pressing need to determine possible unique vaccine combinations of Envs which induce enhanced breadth and functional antibody responses. Due to the ease of manufacturing and formulation, we sought to determine if increased breadth within a vaccine correlates with robust and broad responses. We have developed over 40 different DNA plasmids expressing consensus as well as primary Envs. We have shown that each of these plasmids are able to induce both cellular and humoral responses in mice. Different combinations of Envs were testing in rabbits to further characterize the humoral responses and explore neutralization. Rabbits immunized with clusters of clade A transmitter founder (TF) gp160 DNA induced cross-clade binding titers with limited neutralization. Including TF Envs from different clades, increased binding titers as well as neutralization breadth and potency. Formulating the gp160s to be administered to the same site induced quicker seroconversion than delivering the Envs at separate sites. The most potent combination was moved forward into NHPs, which were immunized with clusters of gp160 DNAs (14 different Envs in total) at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12 and boosted at weeks 48 and 85. The vaccine induced cross-clade cellular and humoral responses after two immunizations. These responses increased after each immunization and were maintained into memory. In addition to binding, vaccination also induced tier 1 neutralization. Boosting at week 48 and 85 further increased both responses. We show that DNA plasmids encoding consensus and TF Envs are expressed and induce a potent immune responses. We observed for the first time that exposure of the immune system to multiple Envs at one time can dramatically change the immune phenotype by inducing broader breadth of response which has significant implications for HIV vaccine development.
Overexpression of the Arabidopsis 10-Kilodalton Acyl-Coenzyme A-Binding Protein ACBP6 Enhances Freezing Tolerance (2008)

Small 10-kD acyl-coenzyme A-binding proteins (ACBPs) are highly conserved proteins that are prevalent in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), other than the 10-kD ACBP homolog (designated Arabidopsis ACBP6), there are five larger forms of ACBPs ranging from 37.5 to 73.1 kD. In this study, the cytosolic subcellular localization of Arabidopsis ACBP6 was confirmed by analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing autofluorescence-tagged ACBP6 and western-blot analysis of subcellular fractions using ACBP6-specific antibodies. The expression of Arabidopsis ACBP6 was noticeably induced at 48 h after 4 degrees C treatment by northern-blot analysis and western-blot analysis. Furthermore, an acbp6 T-DNA insertional mutant that lacked ACBP6 mRNA and protein displayed increased sensitivity to freezing temperature (-8 degrees C), while ACBP6-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants were conferred enhanced freezing tolerance. Northern-blot analysis indicated that ACBP6-associated freezing tolerance was not dependent on the induction of cold-regulated COLD-RESPONSIVE gene expression. Instead, ACBP6 overexpressors showed increased expression of mRNA encoding phospholipase Ddelta. Lipid profiling analyses of rosettes from cold-acclimated, freezing-treated (-8 degrees C) transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ACBP6 showed a decline in phosphatidylcholine (-36% and -46%) and an elevation of phosphatidic acid (73% and 67%) in comparison with wild-type plants. From our comparison, the gain in freezing tolerance in ACBP6 overexpressors that was accompanied by decreases in phosphatidylcholine and an accumulation of phosphatidic acid is consistent with previous findings on phospholipase Ddelta-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis. In vitro filter-binding assays indicating that histidine-tagged ACBP6 binds phosphatidylcholine, but not phosphatidic acid or lysophosphatidylcholine, further imply a role for ACBP6 in phospholipid metabolism in Arabidopsis, including the possibility of ACBP6 in the cytosolic trafficking of phosphatidylcholine.
<title>Image-intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imager: preliminary results</title> (1992)

A GE 8800 CT system has been modified into a prototype of a volume tomographic angiography imager. The system consists of an x-ray tube and an image intensifier coupled to a TV camera. The source and detector can be rotated over 360 degrees. To explore the imaging performance of the system for reconstructing a three-dimensional (3-D) vascular structure, a set of nonsubtraction projections of a vascular phantom, acquired over 25 projection angles, were digitized. These data were reconstructed using an iterative algorithm specially designed for 3-D vascular structures. The results indicate that the system can offer adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for direct 3-D vascular reconstruction when only a few projections are used without subtraction procedure, assuming intra-arterial injection of contrast.
Parallel BFS graph traversal on images using structured grid (2010)

Graph algorithms are widely used in image processing techniques. With technology advancements, image sizes are increasing, and the contents inside images are becoming more complex, resulting in increased runtimes for graph algorithms on these images. Breadth First Search (BFS) is a fundamental graph traversal approach. A key to parallelizing graph algorithms used in image processing is to parallelize the BFS graph traversal operation. In this paper, we propose using highly parallelizable structured grid computations to realize the BFS graph traversal operations. This mapping enables efficient implementation of the BFS graph traversal operations on highly parallel manycore platforms. By using such a mapping, we were able to achieve performance gains of 2× to 33× depending on image complexity.
Parallel training of linear models without compromising convergence (2018)

In this paper we analyze, evaluate, and improve the performance of training generalized linear models on modern CPUs. We start with a state-of-the-art asynchronous parallel training algorithm, identify system-level performance bottlenecks, and apply optimizations that improve data parallelism, cache line locality, and cache line prefetching of the algorithm. These modifications reduce the per-epoch run-time significantly, but take a toll on algorithm convergence in terms of the required number of epochs. To alleviate these shortcomings of our systems-optimized version, we propose a novel, dynamic data partitioning scheme across threads which allows us to approach the convergence of the sequential version. The combined set of optimizations result in a consistent bottom line speedup in convergence of up to 12x compared to the initial asynchronous parallel training algorithm and up to 42x, compared to state of the art implementations (scikit-learn and h2o) on a range of multi-core CPU architectures.
Evidence for a Functional Interaction between Integrins and G Protein-activated Inward Rectifier K+ Channels (1998)

Heteromultimeric G protein-activated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels, abundant in heart and brain, help to determine the cellular membrane potential as well as the frequency and duration of electrical impulses. The sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), located extracellularly between the first membrane-spanning region and the pore, is conserved among all identified GIRK subunits but is not found in the extracellular domain of any other cloned K+ channels. Many integrins, which, like channels, are integral membrane proteins, recognize this RGD sequence on other proteins, usually in the extracellular matrix. We therefore asked whether GIRK activity might be regulated by direct interaction with integrin. Here, we present evidence that mutation of the RGD site to RGE, particularly on the GIRK4 subunit, decreases or abolishes GIRK current. Furthermore, wild-type channels can be co-immunoprecipitated with integrin. The total cellular amount of expressed mutant GIRK channel protein is the same as the wild-type protein; however, the amount of mutant channel protein that localizes to the plasma membrane is decreased relative to wild-type, most likely accounting for the diminished GIRK current detected. GIRK channels appear to bind directly to integrin and to require this interaction for proper GIRK channel membrane localization and function.
Signal phase regeneration through multiple wave coherent addition enabled by hybrid optical phase squeezer (2015)

A newly proposed concept, which is called hybrid optical phase squeezer (HOPS), achieves multi-level optical phase quantization through coherent addition of two (dual-wave scheme) or three (triple-wave scheme) optical waves exploiting optical parametric processes and electro-optic modulation. The triple-wave scheme enables signal phase regeneration free from phase-to-amplitude noise transfer, which is inevitable in the dual-wave scheme. By using HOPS in the dual-wave scheme, 3-fold phase-noise reduction was achieved for 24-Gb/s QPSK signals with a slight increase of amplitude noise. On the other hand, HOPS in the triple-wave scheme allowed phase regeneration of 12-Gb/s BPSK signal with a suppression of phase-to-amplitude noise transfer.
Subunit Dynamics in the IL‐17 Receptor Complex: Identification of a Pre‐ligand Assembly Domain (PLAD) and Ligand Binding site in IL‐17RA (2008)

IL‐17 is the defining cytokine of the “Th17” subset, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune diseases. The first IL‐17 binding protein, IL‐17RA, is the founder of a unique receptor superfamily, and there is considerable interest in targeting IL‐17 or its receptor for anti‐cytokine therapeutics. However, the composition, subunit dynamics and ligand contact sites of the IL‐17R complex remain poorly defined. We show by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy that IL‐17RA oligomerizes in the absence of ligand, suggesting that an unknown region mediates pre‐assembly. Using computational modeling, we identified 2 fibronectin‐like III (FN) domains connected by a non‐structured linker. Because FN domains are known to aggregate, we hypothesized that these were responsible for IL‐17RA self‐interactions. The membrane‐proximal FN domain (FN2) but not the membrane‐distal (FN1) domain was found to form homomeric interactions. Thus, FN2 constitutes a “pre‐ligand assembly domain” (PLAD). Interestingly, FN2 fused to the linker but not FN2 alone retained IL‐17‐dependent signaling activity, indicating that the FN2/linker domain contains the IL‐17 binding site. Therefore, while the PLAD is located entirely within FN2, effective ligand binding also involves contributions from the linker region and the FN1 domain.
Nano‐Scale Tungsten Oxides for Metastable Intermolecular Composites (2004)

Abstract Tungsten oxides are of interest as an oxidant for metals in metastable intermolecular composites, a nano‐scale powder useful for such applications as electric matches and gun primers. Smaller particles typically lead to faster reactions and we have synthesized nano‐scale WO 3 using wet chemistry. Ammonium paratungstate was dissolved in acid. Tungstic acid was precipitated by addition to distilled water and the resulting powder was dried. Analysis by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy revealed hydrated WO 3 , having approximately 100 nm×7 nm platelet morphology. Thermal treatment in air at 200 °C or 400 °C removed water, forming cubic or monoclinic WO 3 , respectively. Tungsten forms other stable oxides and we accessed WO 2 by reducing WO 3 in dilute H 2 at 650 °C. Reaction performance of these WO x ‐materials, mixed with nano‐Al at various stoichiometries, is reported. Open‐tray burn velocity reached 250 m/s. Pressure cell experiments found a maximum pressure of 1.45 MPa and maximum pressurization rate of 500 GPa/s. These maximum pressures and rates occurred very near a stoichiometric mixture of the Al and WO 3 .
A Cooperative Model for Enhancing Spectral Efficiency in Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Networks (2015)

In this work, a new cooperative two-way relaying (TWR) model with amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol is proposed in which a primary user (PU) network consisting of two PU sources communicate with each other via a single relay. In addition, a secondary user (SU) source transmits its data to its SU destination via the same PU relay node. In order to mitigate SU interference caused to the PU network, the PU network considers the SU network pairs (i.e., source and destination) as two additional relay nodes helping the original PU relay node in improving the PU network performance via orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) technique. As a reward, the PU network allows the SU network to communicate simultaneously via the PU relay node using the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. A power allocation optimization problem is formulated to minimize the weighted sum of the average symbol error probability of both PU and SU systems. Results show that the error performance of the proposed model outperforms the conventional TWR-AF model.
Hyperspectral and Nanosecond Temporal Resolution Widefield Infrared Photothermal Heterodyne Imaging (2023)

Label-free, bond-selective imaging offers new opportunities for fundamental and applied studies in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Preventing its broader application to investigating spatially- congested specimens are issues related to low sensitivity as well as low spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we demonstrate a widefield, mid-infrared (MIR) photothermal imaging technique, called widefield Infrared Photothermal Heterodyne imaging (wIR-PHI), that massively parallelizes acquisition of MIR absorption data through use of a high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera. wIR-PHI possesses notable features that include: spatial resolution significantly below the MIR diffraction limit, hyperspectral imaging capabilities, high sensitivity, and ∼100 ns temporal resolution. The first two features are highlighted by hyperspectral imaging of proximally close poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles where clear, bond-specific imaging of nanoparticles, separated by less than the MIR diffraction limit, is demonstrated. Sensitivity is highlighted by imaging individual PMMA and PS nanoparticles with radii between r = 97–556 nm. This leads to a current, peak absorption cross-section limit-of-detection of σabs = 1.9 × 10–16 cm2. wIR-PHI’s 100 ns temporal resolution is simultaneously demonstrated by observing the decay of photothermal contrast on individual nanoparticles on a ∼200–6200 ns timescale. In whole, wIR-PHI’s dramatic increase in acquisition speed opens opportunities for future MIR kinetic imaging and spectroscopic studies of important chemical, biological, and material processes.
Combinational and sequential logic optimization by redundancy addition and removal (1995)

This paper presents a method for multilevel logic optimization for combinational and synchronous sequential circuits. The circuits are optimized through iterative addition and removal of redundancies. Adding redundant wires to a circuit may cause one or many existing irredundant wires and/or gates to become redundant. If the amount of added redundancies is less than the amount of created redundancies, the transformation of adding followed by removing redundancies will result in a smaller circuit. Based upon the Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) techniques, the proposed method can efficiently identify those wires for addition that would create more redundancies elsewhere in the network. Experiments on ISCAS-85 combinational benchmark circuits show that best results are obtained for most of them. For sequential circuits, experimental results on MCNC FSM benchmarks and ISCAS-89 sequential benchmark circuits show that a significant amount of area reduction can be achieved beyond combinational optimization and sequential redundancy removal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vaccination of Mixed and Full‐Sib Families of Channel Catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> Against Enteric Septicemia of Catfish With a Live Attenuated <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> Isolate (RE‐33) (2000)

Abstract These studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a live attenuated Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish. In one study channel catfish fingerlings (72 d of age post hatch) were immersed for 30 min in water containing E. ictaluri RE‐33 at dosages of 1 × 10 6 , 1 × 10 7 and 2 × 10 7 CFU/ML of water. No mortalities were observed following vaccination. Following exposure to virulent Edwardsiella ictaluri the cumulative mortality of fish vaccinated with dosages of at least 1 × 10 7 CFU/mL were significantly lower than that of non‐vacccinated fish in both laboratory and field challenges. Vaccination with 1 × 10 6 CFU RE‐33mL provided some protection during the laboratory challenge but failed to protect fish under field conditions. In a second study, vaccination of 6 full‐sib families of channel catfish at a vaccine dosage of 1 × 10 7 CFU/mL resulted in a relative percent survival among families ranging from 67.1 to 100%. Significant differences in mortality were found among families and between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, but there was no family by vaccine interaction. Families with the highest mortality after vaccination were also shown to have the highest mortality without vaccination (r = 0.82; P = 0.04).
Involvement of in the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and its reversal by Memantine (2006)

The activity of protein phosphatase (PP)-2A, which regulates tau phosphorylation, is compromised in Alzheimer disease brain. Here we show that the transient transfection of PC12 cells with inhibitor-2 (I2PP2A) of PP2A causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser396/Ser404 and Ser262/Ser356. This hyperphosphorylation of tau is observed only when a sub-cellular shift of I2PP2A takes place from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and is accompanied by cleavage of I2PP2A into a 20 kDa fragment. Memantine, an un-competitive inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, inhibits this abnormal phosphorylation of tau and cell death and prevents the I2PP2A-induced inhibition of PP2A activity in vitro. These findings demonstrate novel mechanisms by which I2PP2A regulates the intracellular activity of PP2A and phosphorylation of tau, and by which Memantine modulates PP2A signaling and inhibits neurofibrillary degeneration.