gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4-Phosphoranylidenebutenolide intermediates in the synthesis of 4-ylidenebutenolides and 4-ylidenetetronic acids. Synthesis of alkylidenephthalide constituents of celery odour and models for freelingyne (1975)

The application of 4-phosphoranylidenebutenolides in the synthesis of 4-ylidenebutenolides and 4-ylidenetetronic acid derivatives is examined. 3-Triphenylphosphoranylidenephthalide (11) reacts stereospecifically with aliphatic aldehydes to product (E)-alkylidenephthalides [e.g.(13)] and this work has led to the stereocontrolled synthesis of the odorous alkylidenephthalide constituents (4a and b) of celery. By using the ylide (11), the 3-phenacylidenephthalide (14) and the isomeric phthalides (15) and (17) were synthesised.Condensations of the phosphoranylidenebutenolides (20b) and (26) with aromatic aldehydes have led to the corresponding isomeric arylmethylenebutenolides (27) and (28), and (29) and (30), respectively. Similarly, compounds (20a) and (11) with the 2-furyl-enynal (32) produced the polyunsaturated ylidenebutenolides (33) and (34), and (35) and (36), respectively; these studies have provided a basis for the development of a synthesis of the sesquiterpene freelingyne (2).
Efficient multilevel phase holograms for CO_2 lasers (1991)

Multilevel phase holograms for monochromatic radiation at a wavelength of 10.6 microm are recorded as surface relief gratings with multilevel discrete binary steps. Our experiments show that diffraction efficiencies close to 90% can be achieved both for transmissive and reflective elements. The reduction of efficiency due to errors in the depth and the width of the step levels is considered.
Effects of Thermal Annealing on ZnO Thin-Film Transistor Characteristics and the Application of Excimer Laser Annealing in Plastic-Based ZnO Thin-Film Transistors (2009)

In this paper, we present the effects of thermal annealing and excimer laser annealing (ELA) on the characteristics of zinc-oxide (ZnO) thinfilm transistors (TFTs) fabricated by magnetron sputtering at room temperature.The transfer characteristics of the ZnO-TFTs are found to improve with increasing thermal annealing temperature.Results of in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction and electron back scattered diffraction pattern analyses indicate that this phenomenon arises from the crystallization of a low-crystallinity region present in as-deposited ZnO films.Almost all low-crystallinity regions crystallize at temperatures above 500 C. Furthermore, to achieve such high-performance TFTs on flexible plastic substrates, ZnO-TFTs on a plastic substrate were irradiated with an excimer laser to raise the temperature of the ZnO films.Because of the extremely short pulse width of the laser (25 ns), it is possible to selectively increase the temperature of the ZnO with negligible thermal damage to the plastic substrate.The ELA process has enabled us to produce flexible high-performance ZnO-TFTs with a field-effect mobility of 12 cm 2 V 1 s 1 .
Laminitis in the horse: A review (1999)

Laminitis has been a recognized disease since early Greek and Roman times, but it is still bothering both practitioners and scientists. In the last decade a lot of new fundamental research has been done to elucidate the pathogenesis of laminitis. New insights into the pathogenesis, the predisposing factors (including nutritional overload, endotoxaemia, shock, management, etcetera), clinical and radiological signs, differential diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of the disease are described. The data, however, are not always in agreement with each other, giving further proof of the complexity of the syndrome.
Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of 4- Acyl [2.2] paracyclophanes (1991)

Abstract Photochemical and photophysical properties of 4-benzoyl[2.2]paracyclophane (3) and 4-acetyl[ 2.2]paracyclophane (5) have been studied. In contrast to benzophenone and acetophenone, respectively, the lowest triplet state of 3 and 5 is of the τ, τ*-type. 3 is photochemically reactive. Photoenolization (in solution at lower temperature) is the main reaction pathway while bond fission of an exocyclic C-C bond of the formed photoenol leading to an alkylated open-chain benzophenone derivative takes place to a minor degree. Photoenolization of 3 is the first example of this type of photochemical reaction observed with a cyclophane compound, and at the same time is a novel example of the violation of Bredt's rule. Under certain experimental conditions 3 and 5 may be usable as chiral triplet sensitizers in photochemical reactions
Estimating Noise Levels in AEM Data (2003)

This paper reports the results of analysing AEM data where the same flight line has been flown repeatedly to monitor system performance.When these data are corrected for the effects of variable survey altitude they provide a good measure of the reproducibility of AEM data. The analysis has been conducted for both frequency and time domain systems and shows that, where the area is even moderately conductive, multiplicative errors will provide the dominant source of noise for AEM surveys. Errors typically have standard deviations of 2 % and can easily induce fluctuations of 10%. Moreover, because of their geometric origins, these errors are highly correlated between channels. Frequency domain HEM and Z component time domain systems produce errors that are largely unrelated to time/frequency/conductivity. This is not the case for X component data from asymmetric systems.
Language, Lifespan and Land Thoughts on a Hot Summer Evening (2008)

We are coming to accept that significant development proposals should now be presented for assessment in realistic moving images rather than selective 'artist's impressions'. Why are we slower to recognise that the sound of a word is often as meaningful as its spelling?
Evidence for electromagnetically induced transparency in a solid medium (1998)

Strong evidence indicating the occurrence of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a solid medium was found. Fluorescence reduction due to EIT was observed in solids. The excitation intensity dependence of the fluorescence reduction was found to be consistent with theoretical predictions for EIT. It was experimentally demonstrated that the essential condition for the observation of EIT in solids is that the Rabi frequency of excitation must be larger than the inhomogeneous width of the transition between the two states coupled to the third state by the pair of optical fields.
SmartSLAM - An Efficient Smartphone Indoor Positioning System Exploiting Machine Learning and Opportunistic Sensing (2013)

The most promising solution to the ubiquitous positioning problem is the smartphone, and many smartphone-based indoor tracking methods exist today. To ensure consumer acceptance of the technologies, it is critical that these systems do not have a significant effect on the battery life of the device. Methods exploiting signal fingerprinting have been shown to provide good performance with low processing overhead but require prior surveying. Methods exploiting opportunistic sensing and machine learning techniques such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) need no prior data but at the cost of high computational load. This paper describes a smartphone-based indoor positioning system that exploits a new intelligent filtering approach to reduce this computational load. SmartSLAM moves between different sensor fusion algorithms depending on the current level of certainty in the system, reducing the computational load of the tracking engine, maintaining good positioning performance, improving battery life and freeing CPU cycles for foreground processes.
Evaluation of Sobel, Canny, Shen &#x00026; Castan using sample line histogram method (2008)

This paper introduces a sample line histogram method (SLHM) in evaluating the accuracy in detecting bone edges. CR images of bone joints namely the knee and the elbow joints are used in this experiment. The purpose of the project is to identify the suitable method for bone cortical edge detection. The performance of three edge detection method: Sobel, Canny and Shen & Castan are compared. The resulting images are evaluated by visual inspection and SLHM.
Linearity of ability-performance relationships: A reconfirmation. (1990)

Previous research on the nature of ability-performance relationships has found the relationship to be linear. Recent Monte Carlo work suggests that the test of the significance of the difference between the Pearson correlation and the correlation ratio (eta), used in previous research, has low power to detect nonlinear relationships. Using 174 studies of the relationship between 9 scales of the General Aptitude Test Battery and job performance, with a mean sample size of 210, and using a power polynomial approach, which has been shown to have higher power than the r vs. eta test, the issue of linearity was reexamined
Facile carrier-assisted targeted mass spectrometric approach for proteomic analysis of low numbers of mammalian cells (2018)

There is an unmet technical challenge for mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis of single mammalian cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis of single cells has been previously achieved by antibody-based immunoassays but is limited by the availability of high-quality antibodies. Herein we report a facile targeted MS-based proteomics method, termed cPRISM-SRM (carrier-assisted high-pressure, high-resolution separations with intelligent selection and multiplexing coupled to selected reaction monitoring), for reliable analysis of low numbers of mammalian cells. The method capitalizes on using "carrier protein" to assist processing of low numbers of cells with minimal loss, high-resolution PRISM separation for target peptide enrichment, and sensitive SRM for protein quantification. We have demonstrated that cPRISM-SRM has sufficient sensitivity to quantify proteins expressed at ≥200,000 copies per cell at the single-cell level and ≥3000 copies per cell in 100 mammalian cells. We envision that with further improvement cPRISM-SRM has the potential to move toward targeted MS-based single-cell proteomics.
Over the counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. (2000)

While these study results are not definitive, the findings are consistent with limited other data also reviewed, and suggest the need for further epidemiologic research to clarify the association between use of NSAIDs at OTC levels and risk of GI bleeding, and to determine whether NSAIDs and alcohol may interactively combine to enhance risk.
Interferon-inducible gene family 1-8U expression in colitis-associated colon cancer and severely inflamed mucosa in ulcerative colitis. (1999)

Persistent severe inflammation in colonic mucosa is thought to cause the development of colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, predisposing genetic abnormalities have not been identified in this sequence. Using differential display PCR, we isolated cDNA fragments corresponding to mRNAs that were differentially expressed in colitis-associated cancer tissues and mucosa with mild inflammation in the colon of five UC patients. This molecular screening approach identified 60 cDNA fragments, and we sequenced 34 fragments. One cDNA fragment, which is identical to IFN-inducible gene family 1-8U, was strongly expressed in all five UC-associated cancers. 1-8U was also expressed in sporadic colon cancer tissues and colon cancer cell lines, but not in normal mucosa. This gene was strongly expressed in severely inflamed colonic mucosa of UC without colitis-associated colon cancer, although 1-8U expression was not related to the extent and duration of the disease. However, 1-8U was expressed in the colonic mucosa of all patients with chronic, continuously severe inflammation. These results indicated that IFN-inducible gene family 1-8U expression in inflamed colonic mucosa might be used as a preferential marker of colitis-associated colon cancer in UC.
Effects of Potassium Chloride and Smooth Muscle Relaxants on Tension and Cyclic Nucleotide Levels in Rat Myometrium (1975)

Ten minutes after KCl-depolarization of rat myometrial strips, at which time the muscles were in a state of sustained contracture, tissue levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were increased by approximately 40% over relaxed controls, and levels of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were decreased by 40%. At this point both nitroglycerin (4 X 10(-4) M) and papaverine (2 X 10(-5) M) were capable of relaxing the depolarized muscles without significantly increasing cyclic AMP levels. Isoproterenol, in concentrations from 5 X 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M, relaxed the depolarized muscles and significantly increased tissue levels of cyclic AMP. However, the magnitudes of the cyclic AMP increases seen after the lower concentrations of isoproterenol were small relative to the increases observed during KCl-contracture alone. For example, the 40% elevation of cyclic AMP seen 10 min after KCl-depolarization did not cause the muscles to relax, whereas 5 X 10(-9) M isoproterenol caused relaxation with an increase in cyclic AMP levels of only 16% over depolarized controls. It was concluded that changes in total tissue levels of cyclic AMP were not responsible for the uterine relaxation caused by nitroglycerin, papaverine or isoproterenol in these experiments. Cyclic GMP levels in the depolarized muscles were not significantly changed by isoproterenol or papaverine but were increased approximately 80% by nitroglycerin. The above results are not consistent with the previously suggested roles for cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP as mediators of smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, respectively.
An efficient ARQ scheme using soft output demodulation in Rayleigh fading channel (2003)

An automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme using rate compatible trellis coded modulation, pilot-symbol aided channel estimation, soft output packet combining, and a retransmission request strategy supporting a variable quality of service within a packet is proposed. Simulation results show that this type II hybrid ARQ has about 3-5 dB SNR gain over its type I ARQ counterpart.
A requirements planning system for the Space Shuttle Operations schedule (1980)

Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is charged with developing a Flight Operations Planning Schedule for Space Shuttle Operations in the 1980s. During this decade, NASA plans to launch up to thirty space shuttle flights per year when the program reaches the mature phase. Traditional planning techniques for space flights (PERT‐type models) are inadequate for this task because of their inability to resolve conflicts arising from multiple demands for limited resources generated by numerous simultaneous projects (space flights). This paper describes a requirements planning system developed by the authors and adopted by NASA for this resource constrained multiple project scheduling problem.
Canadian research fellowship training programs in digestive sciences: achievements and challenges. (2001)

The establishment of the additional research fellowships has fostered the development of career investigators in digestive sciences. The high success rate of former trainees in obtaining academic appointments and OG support suggests that the fellowship programs are effective and appropriately oriented. The structure of the current programs does not require substantial revision. OG support for new investigators appears now to lag substantially.
Cyanide adsorbed as a monolayer at the low-index surface planes of platinum metal electrodes: an in situ study by infrared spectroscopy (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanide adsorbed as a monolayer at the low-index surface planes of platinum metal electrodes: an in situ study by infrared spectroscopyChung S. Kim and Carol KorzeniewskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 38, 9784–9787Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100140a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j100140a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Proteomic Analysis of Urine in Kidney Transplant Patients with BK Virus Nephropathy (2006)

The differentiation of BK virus-associated renal allograft nephropathy (BKVAN) from acute allograft rejection (AR) in renal transplant recipients is an important clinical problem because the treatment can be diametrically opposite for the two conditions. The aim of this discovery-phase biomarker development study was to examine feasibility of developing a noninvasive method to differentiate BKVAN from AR. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis was used to compare proteomic profiles of urine samples of 21 patients with BKVAN, 28 patients with AR (Banff Ia to IIb), and 29 patients with stable graft function. SELDI analysis showed proteomic profiles that were significantly different in the BKVAN group versus the AR and stable transplant groups. Peaks that corresponded to m/z values of 5.872, 11.311, 11.929, 12.727, and 13.349 kD were significantly higher in patients with BKVAN. Bioinformatics analyses allowed distinction of profiles of patients with BKVAN from patients with AR and stable patients. SELDI profiles also showed a high degree of reproducibility. Proteomic analysis of urine may offer a noninvasive way to differentiate BKVAN from AR in clinical practice. The identification of individual proteomic peaks can improve further the clinical utility of this screening method.
Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology (2014)

Introduction to Biomedical Studies Using Terahertz Waves Joo-Hiuk Son Section I Terahertz Technology Terahertz Sources and Detectors Hyunyong Choi and Joo-Hiuk Son Tabletop High-Power Terahertz Pulse Generation Techniques Yun-Shik Lee Terahertz Imaging and Tomography Techniques Hyunyong Choi and Joo-Hiuk Son Compact Solid-State Electronic Terahertz Devices and Circuits Jae-Sung Rieh, Daekeun Yoon, and Jongwon Yun Waveguides for Terahertz Endoscopy Tae-In Jeon and Daniel Grischkowsky Section II Fundamental Biological Studies by Terahertz Waves Terahertz Characteristics of Water and Liquids Seung Jae Oh, Seungjoo Haam, and Jin-Suck Suh Probing Solvation Dynamics by Terahertz Absorption Spectroscopy Benjamin Born, Matthias Heyden, Simon Ebbinghaus, and Martina Havenith Terahertz Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules Seongsin Margaret Kim and Mohammad P Hokmabadi Terahertz Spectroscopic Insight into the Structure-Function Relation in Protein Molecules Nikolay Brandt, Andrey Chikishev, Alexey Kargovsky, and Alexander Shkurinov Protein Dielectric Response at Terahertz Frequencies Deepu K George and Andrea G Markelz Nonlinear Interaction of Amino Acids and Proteins with Terahertz Waves Gurpreet Kaur and Xi-Cheng Zhang Biological Effects of Broadband Terahertz Pulses Lyubov V Titova, Frank A Hegmann, and Olga Kovalchuk Section III Terahertz Biomedical Applications Terahertz Dynamic Imaging of Skin Drug Absorption Kyung Won Kim, Joon Koo Han, and Joo-Hiuk Son Terahertz for the Detection of Skin Cancer Cecil Joseph, Shuting Fan, Emma MacPherson, and Vincent P Wallace Application of Terahertz Technology to Breast Cancer Maarten R Grootendorst, Massimiliano Cariati, Philip C Ashworth, Anthony J Fitzgerald, Arnie Purushotham, and Vincent P Wallace Frozen Terahertz Imaging of Excised Oral Cancer Jae Yeon Park, Yookyeong Carolyn Sim, and Joo-Hiuk Son Terahertz Molecular Imaging and Its Clinical Applications Kwang Sung Kim, Hyuk Jae Choi, Jae Yeon Park, and Joo-Hiuk Son Prospects in Medical Applications of Terahertz Waves and Conclusions Joo-Hiuk Son Index
Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction spectral resolution considerations for security screening applications (2010)

Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) is a very effective method for explosive and narcotic threat detection in baggage screening. The XRD profiles arise from the molecular interference when X-rays are coherently scattered by a substance. The accurate identification of the target material depends on the ability to detect and resolve the peaks present in the coherent scatter profiles. A high-energy resolution High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector is therefore generally used in such type of systems. To evaluate the suitability of cost-effective room-temperature semiconductor detectors for next-generation baggage screening systems, an assessment of the minimal requirements for the system resolution is required. In this study a hybrid Monte Carlo code has been modified to account for the molecular interference function that gives rise to the coherent scatter signature. A model for a realistic response function for Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors is then used to convolve the spectral output. This simulation tool is then used to assess the system design features and their influence on spectral resolution.
Protease‐nicked <i>O</i>‐toxin of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, a new memnrane probe with no cytoltic effect, revcals two classes of cholesterol as toxin‐binding sites on sheep erythrocytes (1988)

A nicked theta-toxin (C theta), obtained by limited proteolysis with subtilisin Carlsberg, causes almost no hemolysis while it retains a nearly intact cholesterol binding site below 20 degrees C. Neither electron microscopic evidence for the formation of arc- and ring-shaped structures on the membrane nor toxin-stimulated influx of extracellular Ca2+ are detected in C theta-treated cells below 20 degrees C. Thus, event(s) in the lytic process are responsible for the temperature dependency of hemolysis, which is also supported by the observation that C theta requires higher Arrhenius activation energy for hemolysis than the native toxin. Using C theta as a probe due to its high affinity for membrane cholesterol without causing any obvious membrane changes, we demonstrated the possible existence of high- and low-affinity sites for theta-toxin on sheep erythrocytes. Both binding sites disappear by simultaneous treatment of the cells with sublytic doses of digitonin. Furthermore, C theta binds only to cholesterol among the chloroform/methanol-extractable, lipid components of sheep and human erythrocytes but not to the protein components derived from them. These results strongly suggest that cholesterol is an essential component of the both high- and low-affinity sites, and also imply that the modes of existence of cholesterol in the red cell membrane are heterogeneous.