gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies to human colorectal epithelium: Markers for differentiation and tumour characterization (1987)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has been obtained, directed against determinants of normal human colorectal epithelium. BALB/c mice were immunized and boosted with mucosal scrapings and cell membrane preparations from normal large intestine. In one case boosting was also performed with HT29 colon carcinoma cells. Hybridoma supernatants were screened immunohistochemically on frozen sections of normal colorectal epithelium, leading to the selection of 12 MAbs which recognized determinants of the major epithelial cell lineages. These antibodies fall into two groups: group 1 antibodies react with mucus constituents, with or without other cell components; group 2 antibodies react only with non-mucus components of cells. The normal tissue distribution of the antibody panel has been characterized immunohistochemically. Three of the mucus-reactive group-1 antibodies, PR.4D4, PR.5D5 and PR.3A5, and also PR.1A3 of group 2, have a very restricted distribution. In all 4 cases, their reactivity outside the gastrointestinal tract is mainly confined to tracheal epithelium. A series of benign and malignant colorectal tumours has been studied with the antibody panel. The antibodies of group 1, and PR.1A3 from group 2, show a marked heterogeneity in their reactions with malignant cells and seem to be defining patterns of functional differentiation, independently of standard histological criteria. The reactivity of 6 colorectal carcinoma cell lines has also been assessed with the antibodies. The group-1 antibodies and PR.1A3 identify those cell lines which have retained some capacity for differentiation.
Effect of Fracture Face Damage on Well Productivity (2002)

Abstract The phenomenon of dehydration and of the proppant crushing inside the fracture, are the two damage mechanisms mostly recognized as the main contributors to the overall reduction in fractured well productivity. Fracture face damage caused by the fracturing fluid loss through the four fracture faces also creates additional pressure drop that may further reduce the effective wellbore radius. The magnitude of the effect depends on reservoir characteristics, fracture geometry, extent of fluid leakoff into the reservoir, and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid filtrate. A step-by-step approach to predict the fluid loss through the fracture faces during the fracture treatment is explained in this paper. The depth of penetration through the fracture face and the resulting skin values for both the wall building and viscosity controlled leak-off model are determined. This study employs a simple approach that is based on the work of Cinco-Ley & Samaniego that assumes that damage through the fracture face is only caused by fluid saturation changes. The production-forecast simulator used to analyze the effect of various fracture face skin values on oil and gas well productivity agrees with Cinco-Ley and Samaniego study that shows the effect on the effective wellbore radius is negligible when skin value is less or equal to 0.1. In general, the study shows that fracture face damage has a negative effect on productivity only during the wellbore storage and fracture linear flow period. The magnitude of pressure drop increases with increase in reservoir permeability, damage ratio and fracturing fluid leakoff-viscosity.
Crustal structure and tectonic setting of the south central Andes from gravimetric analysis (2013)

Based on terrestrial gravity data, in this paper we prepared a map of Bouguer anomalies, which was filtered to separate shallow and deep gravity sources. Based on a density model and gravimetric inversion techniques, the discontinuous crust-mantle boundary and the top of crystalline basement were modeled. Subsequently, the equivalent elastic thickness (Te) was evaluated, considering information from the crust-mantle discontinuity and topographic load, finding high Te values in the eastern Andean foothills and west of the Velasco range. These results are consistent with the positive isostatic and residual Bouguer anomaly values, which suggest the presence of high-density rocks in the mid-to upper crust. In addition, petrographic and geochemical analysis conducted in surface outcrops suggest a mantle origin.doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7169(13)71472-7
Developing a scale to measure season ticket holder attitudes towards the professional sports club offering (2008)

Given the importance of season ticket holders (STH) to sporting organisations, we empirically examine a scale for measuring their attitudes to the season ticket product. This involved identifying through qualitative research and past literature, the various elements that are perceived to comprise the season ticket package and developing items to measure STH attitudes to them. The season ticket package was decomposed into six key components, closely mirroring past research. A survey of over 2,500 STH of a professional sporting organisation was then conducted, incorporating items related to these six areas, overall satisfaction and disconfirmation of expectations. The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis on those items is presented here, with results suggesting the items are valid measures of season ticket holder attitudes that capture the breadth of the STH experience.
Limitations on lightwave communications imposed by optical-fiber nonlinearities (1990)

Optical nonlinearities in the context of lightwave systems limitations are described. The nature and severity of system degradation due to stimulated Raman scattering, carrier-induced phase noise, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and four-photon mixing are discussed. The system power limitations are plotted as a function of a number of wavelength-multiplexed channels. Methods for scaling these results with changes in system parameters are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Face Spoof Detection With Image Distortion Analysis (2015)

Automatic face recognition is now widely used in applications ranging from deduplication of identity to authentication of mobile payment. This popularity of face recognition has raised concerns about face spoof attacks (also known as biometric sensor presentation attacks), where a photo or video of an authorized person's face could be used to gain access to facilities or services. While a number of face spoof detection techniques have been proposed, their generalization ability has not been adequately addressed. We propose an efficient and rather robust face spoof detection algorithm based on image distortion analysis (IDA). Four different features (specular reflection, blurriness, chromatic moment, and color diversity) are extracted to form the IDA feature vector. An ensemble classifier, consisting of multiple SVM classifiers trained for different face spoof attacks (e.g., printed photo and replayed video), is used to distinguish between genuine (live) and spoof faces. The proposed approach is extended to multiframe face spoof detection in videos using a voting-based scheme. We also collect a face spoof database, MSU mobile face spoofing database (MSU MFSD), using two mobile devices (Google Nexus 5 and MacBook Air) with three types of spoof attacks (printed photo, replayed video with iPhone 5S, and replayed video with iPad Air). Experimental results on two public-domain face spoof databases (Idiap REPLAY-ATTACK and CASIA FASD), and the MSU MFSD database show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in spoof detection. Our results also highlight the difficulty in separating genuine and spoof faces, especially in cross-database and cross-device scenarios.
Pain in Parkinson's disease (2011)

Pain and other nonmotor symptoms in PD are increasingly recognized as a major cause of reduced health-related quality of life. Pain in PD may be categorized into a number of different subtypes, including musculoskeletal, dystonic, radicular neuropathic, and central pain. The onset of pain can vary in relation to motor symptoms, and may precede the appearance of motor symptoms by several years, or occur after the diagnosis of PD has been made. Pain in PD is frequently under-recognized and is often inadequately treated. Levodopa-related dystonia may respond to manipulation of dopaminergic medication. Dopaminergic therapy may also improve musculoskeletal pain related to rigidity and akinesia, as well as akathisia in PD. Botulinum toxin injections can be effective for treatment of painful focal dystonia. Pain and dysesthesia have been reported to improve with DBS, in some cases. Increased understanding of basal ganglia pathways has provided further insights into the pathogenesis of pain in PD, but the exact mechanism of pain processing and modulation remains unclear.
Pulse forming network optimal design for the power supply of EML launchers (1997)

In this paper a procedure for the design of a PFN feeding an electromagnetic launcher is presented. Given the design parameters (pulse duration, pulse rise time, pulse current amplitude and load equivalent resistance), the procedure gives the value of the inductances and capacitances for an optimal design of an L-C ladder feeding network. In the procedure an auxiliary network having all branches in parallel, and each branch formed by a series of a capacitor and an inductor, is used. By means of this auxiliary network which allows a simple expression of its generated current pulse, the equivalent L-C ladder network is deduced. Finally a suitable performance index is considered in order to optimize the obtained network, taking Into account the presence of parasitic elements.
Suppression of VEGF transcription in renal cell carcinoma cells by pyrrole-imidazole hairpin polyamides targeting the hypoxia responsive element (2006)

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a master regulator of critical genes for cell survival under hypoxic conditions, is known to be related to tumorigenesis and progression of renal cell carcinoma. N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole (Im) hairpin polyamides are synthetic organic compounds that recognize and bind to the minor grooves of specific DNA sequences. We synthesized three Py-Im hairpin polyamides targeting the flanking sequences of hypoxia responsive element (HRE; a binding site of HIF) in the promoter region of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene. The effects of the polyamides on HIF-induced transcription were evaluated by a luciferase assay using a reporter plasmid containing a VEGF promoter. Real time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to examine the effects of the polyamides on the transcription and secretion of VEGF in A498 renal cell carcinoma cells, which have a frame-shift mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau gene. A combination of three Py-Im hairpin polyamides suppressed HIF-induced transcription in reporter assays using 293 cells and successfully suppressed transcription and translation of the VEGF gene in A498 cells. Inhibition of the HIF-HRE interaction was confirmed by an electrophoresis mobility shift assay. An approach using Py-Im hairpin polyamides may be a new strategy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
Complement‐mediated follicular localization of T‐independent type‐2 antigens: the role of marginal zone macrophages revisited (1992)

In this study we demonstrate a hitherto undescribed phenomenon, namely that thymus-independent type-2 antigens (TI-2 Ag) localize in splenic follicles within 1 h after administration. The follicular localization of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll was not antibody mediated. In addition in case of high-dose administration we observed a relatively large amount of TI-2 Ag in marginal zone macrophages. However, after low-dose administration we observed a preferential localization of TNP-Ficoll in the splenic follicles. Detection of TNP-haptenated Ag in cryostat sections of murine spleens was performed with a high-affinity TNP-specific monoclonal antibody conjugated to beta-galactosidase. Within minutes after injection the TI-2 Ag localized in the marginal zone, attached to marginal zone macrophages and B cells. Twenty minutes after injection the Ag was also detected in the follicles and gradually accumulated there until 7 h after injection. Thereafter, the amount of follicular Ag gradually decreased but was still detectable up to 14 days after immunization. The follicular localization of TNP-Ficoll was complement dependent in contrast to the binding to and uptake by marginal zone macrophages. Double staining revealed that Ag was bound by macrophages, B cells and follicular dendritic cells. Haptenated thymus-dependent (TD) Ag localized exclusively in the red pulp macrophages. In vivo macrophage elimination drastically increased the amount of TNP-Ficoll in the follicles, and enhanced the humoral immune response at low doses of Ag. Moreover, complement deprivation of mice abrogated the localization of TI-2 Ag in the follicles, and led to a decreased humoral TI-2 immune response. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that TI-2 Ag localize in follicles. Moreover, the presented results provide further evidence that B cells and follicular localized Ag play an important role in the induction of humoral TI-2 immune responses.
Comparative Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Versus Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2011)

Both MIS-TLIF and open-TLIF provide long-term improvement in pain, disability, and EuroQol-5D in patients with back and leg pain from grade I degenerative spondylolithesis. However, MIS-TLIF may allow for shortened hospital stays, reduced postoperative narcotic use, and accelerated return to work, reducing both direct medical costs and indirect costs of lost work productivity associated with TLIF procedures.
<title>Generic robotic kinematic generator for virtual environment interfaces</title> (1996)

The expansion of robotic systems' performance, as well as the need for such machines to work in complex environments (hazardous, small, distant, etc.), involves the need for user interfaces which permit efficient teleoperation. Virtual Reality based interfaces provide the user with a new method for robot task planning and control: he or she can define tasks in a very intuitive way by interacting with a 3D computer generated representation of the world, which is continuously updated thanks to multiple sensors fusion and analysis. The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology has successfully tested different kinds of teleoperations. In the early 90s, a transatlantic teleoperation of a conventional robot manipulator with a vision feedback system to update the virtual world was achieved. This approach was then extended to perform teleoperation of several mobile robots (Khepera, Koala) as well as to control microrobots used for microsystems' assembly in the micrometer range. One of the problems encountered with such an approach is the necessity to program a specific kinematic algorithm for each kind of manipulator. To provide a more general solution, we started a project aiming at the design of a 'kinematic generator' (CINEGEN) for the simulation of generic serial and parallel mechanical chains. With CINEGEN, each manipulator is defined with an ascii file description and its attached graphics files; inserting a new manipulator simply requires a new description file, and none of the existing tools require modification. To have a real time behavior, we have chosen a numerical method based on the pseudo-Jacobian method to generate the inverse kinematics of the robot. The results obtained with an object-oriented implementation on a graphic workstation are presented in this paper.
Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): The Effects of Azadirachtin on the Growth and Development of the Immature Forms (1984)

Topical applications of azadirachtin, a purified extract from seeds of the Indian neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, to larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, completely disrupted subsequent normal development to the adult stage. Prepupae and newly formed pupae were somewhat less susceptible, but pupae three days old and older were not affected. Calculated LD50 and LD90's of topically applied azadirachtin were 0.1 and 0.4 μg per larva, respectively. Azadirachtin also increased the duration of the immature stages. Larvae treated with 1.6 μg of azadirachtin, for example, had significantly longer (111%) larval periods than did untreated larvae. Length of prepupal and pupal stages were also increased by applications of azadirachtin.
The Radovich Cycle: A Novel MSW-Fired Heat Cycle (2009)

A conceptual study was performed for a novel heat cycle designed to utilize fuel gases produced by a Taylor Biomass Energy (TBE) Gasification System. The system is sized to consume 500 dry tons per day Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The heat cycle utilizes a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) feeding directly to a Twin-Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification Unit (TFBSGU). MSW fed into the TFBSGU is partially gasified by exhaust from the anode space of the fuel cell. The resulting gas is cooled, sour-shifted, dehydrated and compressed. The compressed gas passes through an acid-gas removal (AGR) system and then is returned to the anode space of the fuel cell. Combustion air is compressed and passes through the cathode space of the fuel cell before entering the TFBSGU in a separate stream from the fuel gas. The resulting flue gas leaves the TFBSGU and is cooled and expanded before exhausting to atmosphere. The design also features sour shift and acid gas removal from the fuel stream. The plant produces 44 net MW, converting approximately 43% of the energy in the MSW into electricity and 23% of the energy into usable thermal energy. Overnight 2009 EPC costs are estimated at $6000/net kw. Electrical production costs are estimated at 126$/MWhr. Because the plant burns MSW, it provides carbon offsets. In addition, approximately 60% of the carbon dioxide produced by the plant can be readily sequestered. The conceptual design included a heat balance, water balance, auxiliary load list, capital cost estimate, and cost of electricity estimate.
Protective Roles of Mast Cells Against Enterobacterial Infection Are Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 4 (2001)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are mammalian homologues of the Drosophila Toll receptors and are thought to have roles in innate recognition of bacteria. We demonstrated that TLR 2, 4, 6, and 8 but not TLR5 were expressed on mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Using BMMCs from the genetically TLR4-mutated strain C3H/HeJ, we demonstrated that functional TLR4 was required for a full responsiveness of BMMCs to produce inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-13) by LPS stimulation. TLR4-mediated stimulation of mast cells by LPS was followed by activation of NF-kappaB but not by stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling. In addition, in the cecal ligation and puncture-induced acute septic peritonitis model, we demonstrated that genetically mast cell-deficient W/W(v) mice that were reconstituted with TLR4-mutated BMMCs had significantly higher mortality than W/W(v) mice reconstituted with TLR4-intact BMMCs. Higher mortality of TLR4-mutated BMMC-reconstituted W/W(v) mice was well correlated with defective neutrophil recruitment and production of proinflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal cavity. Taken together, these observations provide definitive evidence that mast cells play important roles in exerting the innate immunity by releasing inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils after recognition of enterobacteria through TLR4 on mast cells.
Reductions and New Exact Solutions of ZK, Gardner KP, and Modified KP Equations via Generalized Double Reduction Theorem (2013)

We study here the Lie symmetries, conservation laws, reductions, and new exact solutions of (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math>) dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK), Gardner Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (GKP), and Modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (MKP) equations. The multiplier approach yields three conservation laws for ZK equation. We find the Lie symmetries associated with the conserved vectors, and three different cases arise. The generalized double reduction theorem is then applied to reduce the third-order ZK equation to a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) and implicit solutions are established. We use the Sine-Cosine method for the reduced second-order ODE to obtain new explicit solutions of ZK equation. The Lie symmetries, conservation laws, reductions, and exact solutions via generalized double reduction theorem are computed for the GKP and MKP equations. Moreover, for the GKP equation, some new explicit solutions are constructed by applying the first integral method to the reduced equations.
Polygon detection and Localization based on link-line model (2014)

Polygon detection and Localization technique could be applied in the industrial environment as many industrial objects contain some planes with polygons inside. The objects could be located when the polygons inside them have been located. In this paper, we propose a new method for polygon detection and localization. First, the Canny operator is applied to acquire the edges of the image and the line segments are extracted from the edges; Then the connection relationship of these line segments is analyzed and the so call “link-line” model is generated and the polygons are found by traversing the link-line model; At last the 6 degree-of-freedom pose (positions and orientations) of the polygons are calculated according to the equations of perspective projection and the geometry features of the polygons. The proposed method was tested on 50 images and the results demonstrated that the proposed method is effective and robust for polygon detection and localization.
Identification of early pregnancy factor as chaperonin 10: implications for understanding its role (1996)

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a secreted substance with growth regulatory and immunomodulatory properties. It is required for successful establishment of pregnancy and for proliferation of both normal and neoplastic cells, in vivo and in vitro. The rosette inhibition test was used as a bioassay, and the appearance of EPF in serum in the very early stages of pregnancy (in mice, within 4-6 h of mating) was first described two decades ago. However, because of the difficulty of this bioassay and the paucity of EPF in biological materials, the primary structure of the molecule has been identified only recently. Seventy per cent of the amino acid sequence of EPF derived from human platelets was determined. With the exception of a single residue, this was identical to the sequence of rat mitochondrial chaperonin 10 (cpn10). Cpn10 is a heat shock protein that functions as a molecular chaperone. It binds to and stabilizes cpn60 and, in concert, these molecules mediate protein folding in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria. Characterizing EPF as an extracellular form of cpn10 raises unprecedented questions about the mechanism of action. It may be that, as a molecular chaperone in the extracellular compartment, EPF can functionally modify other proteins, serving as a regulator of regulators.