gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Ascorbic Acid-Deficient Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants (2000)

Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant and cellular reductant present at millimolar concentrations in plants. This small molecule has roles in the reduction of prosthetic metal ions, cell wall expansion, cell division, and in the detoxification of reactive oxygen generated by photosynthesis and adverse environmental conditions. However, unlike in animals, the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA) in plants is only beginning to be unraveled. The previously described AsA-deficient Arabidopsis mutant vtc1 (vitamin c-1) was recently shown to have a defect in GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, providing strong evidence for the recently proposed role of GDP-mannose in AsA biosynthesis. To genetically define other AsA biosynthetic loci, we have used a novel AsA assay to isolate four vtc mutants that define three additional VTC loci. We have also isolated a second mutant allele of VTC1. The four loci represented by the vtc mutant collection have been genetically characterized and mapped onto the Arabidopsis genome. The vtc mutants have differing ozone sensitivities. In addition, two of the mutants, vtc2-1 and vtc2-2, have unusually low levels of AsA in the leaf tissue of mature plants.
A Mobility Management Using Follow-Me Cloud-Cloudlet in Fog-Computing-Based RANs for Smart Cities (2018)

Mobility management for supporting the location tracking and location-based service (LBS) is an important issue of smart city by providing the means for the smooth transportation of people and goods. The mobility is useful to contribute the innovation in both public and private transportation infrastructures for smart cities. With the assistance of edge/fog computing, this paper presents a fully new mobility management using the proposed follow-me cloud-cloudlet (FMCL) approach in fog-computing-based radio access networks (Fog-RANs) for smart cities. The proposed follow-me cloud-cloudlet approach is an integration strategy of follow-me cloud (FMC) and follow-me edge (FME) (or called cloudlet). A user equipment (UE) receives the data, transmitted from original cloud, into the original edge cloud before the handover operation. After the handover operation, an UE searches for a new cloud, called as a migrated cloud, and a new edge cloud, called as a migrated edge cloud near to UE, where the remaining data is migrated from the original cloud to the migrated cloud and all the remaining data are received in the new edge cloud. Existing FMC results do not have the property of the VM migration between cloudlets for the purpose of reducing the transmission latency, and existing FME results do not keep the property of the service migration between data centers for reducing the transmission latency. Our proposed FMCL approach can simultaneously keep the VM migration between cloudlets and service migration between data centers to significantly reduce the transmission latency. The new proposed mobility management using FMCL approach aims to reduce the total transmission time if some data packets are pre-scheduled and pre-stored into the cache of cloudlet if UE is switching from the previous Fog-RAN to the serving Fog-RAN. To illustrate the performance achievement, the mathematical analysis and simulation results are examined in terms of the total transmission time, the throughput, the probability of packet loss, and the number of control messages.
Immunization with a streptococcal multiple-epitope recombinant protein protects mice against invasive group A streptococcal infection (2017)

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) causes clinical diseases, including pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. A number of group A streptococcus vaccine candidates have been developed, but only one 26-valent recombinant M protein vaccine has entered clinical trials. Differing from the design of a 26-valent recombinant M protein vaccine, we provide here a vaccination using the polyvalence epitope recombinant FSBM protein (rFSBM), which contains four different epitopes, including the fibronectin-binding repeats domain of streptococcal fibronectin binding protein Sfb1, the C-terminal immunogenic segment of streptolysin S, the C3-binding motif of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B, and the C-terminal conserved segment of M protein. Vaccination with the rFSBM protein successfully prevented mortality and skin lesions caused by several emm strains of GAS infection. Anti-FSBM antibodies collected from the rFSBM-immunized mice were able to opsonize at least six emm strains and can neutralize the hemolytic activity of streptolysin S. Furthermore, the internalization of GAS into nonphagocytic cells is also reduced by anti-FSBM serum. These findings suggest that rFSBM can be applied as a vaccine candidate to prevent different emm strains of GAS infection.
Golgi dispersal during microtubule disruption: regeneration of Golgi stacks at peripheral endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. (1996)

Microtubule disruption has dramatic effects on the normal centrosomal localization of the Golgi complex, with Golgi elements remaining as competent functional units but undergoing a reversible "fragmentation" and dispersal throughout the cytoplasm. In this study we have analyzed this process using digital fluorescence image processing microscopy combined with biochemical and ultrastructural approaches. After microtubule depolymerization, Golgi membrane components were found to redistribute to a distinct number of peripheral sites that were not randomly distributed, but corresponded to sites of protein exit from the ER. Whereas Golgi enzymes redistributed gradually over several hours to these peripheral sites, ERGIC-53 (a protein which constitutively cycles between the ER and Golgi) redistributed rapidly (within 15 minutes) to these sites after first moving through the ER. Prior to this redistribution, Golgi enzyme processing of proteins exported from the ER was inhibited and only returned to normal levels after Golgi enzymes redistributed to peripheral ER exit sites where Golgi stacks were regenerated. Experiments examining the effects of microtubule disruption on the membrane pathways connecting the ER and Golgi suggested their potential role in the dispersal process. Whereas clustering of peripheral pre-Golgi elements into the centrosomal region failed to occur after microtubule disruption, Golgi-to-ER membrane recycling was only slightly inhibited. Moreover, conditions that impeded Golgi-to-ER recycling completely blocked Golgi fragmentation. Based on these findings we propose that a slow but constitutive flux of Golgi resident proteins through the same ER/Golgi cycling pathways as ERGIC-53 underlies Golgi Dispersal upon microtubule depolymerization. Both ERGIC-53 and Golgi proteins would accumulate at peripheral ER exit sites due to failure of membranes at these sites to cluster into the centrosomal region. Regeneration of Golgi stacks at these peripheral sites would re-establish secretory flow from the ER into the Golgi complex and result in Golgi dispersal.
Clinical measurement of speech and voice (1987)

Analog Electronics. Digital Systems. General Purpose Tools. Speech Intensity. Vocal Fundamental Frequency. Laryngeal Function. Air Pressure. Airflow and Volume. Laryngeal Function. Velopharyngeal Function. Speech Movements.
Design and evaluation of a shoulder-surfing resistant graphical password scheme (2006)

When users input their passwords in a public place, they may be at risk of attackers stealing their password. An attacker can capture a password by direct observation or by recording the individual's authentication session. This is referred to as shoulder-surfing and is a known risk, of special concern when authenticating in public places. Until recently, the only defense against shoulder-surfing has been vigilance on the part of the user. This paper reports on the design and evaluation of a game-like graphical method of authentication that is resistant to shoulder-surfing. The Convex Hull Click (CHC) scheme allows a user to prove knowledge of the graphical password safely in an insecure location because users never have to click directly on their password images. Usability testing of the CHC scheme showed that novice users were able to enter their graphical password accurately and to remember it over time. However, the protection against shoulder-surfing comes at the price of longer time to carry out the authentication.
Visible and near-infrared image fusion based on visually salient area selection (2015)

This paper presents a novel image fusion algorithm for a visible image and a near infrared (NIR) image. For the proposed fusion, the image is selected pixel-by-pixel based on local saliency. In this paper, the local saliency is measured by a local contrast. Then, the gradient information is fused and the output image is constructed by a Poisson image editing which preserves the gradient information of both images. The effectiveness of the proposed fusion algorithm is demonstrated in various applications including denoising, dehazing, and image enhancement.
Application of M-PML reflectionless boundary conditions to the numerical simulation of wave propagation in anisotropic media. Part I: Reflectivity (2011)

This paper presents a detailed study of the construction of reflectionless boundary conditions for anisotropic elastic problems. A Multiaxial Perfectly Matched Layer (M-PML) approach is considered. With a proper stabilization parameter, the M-PML ensures solution stability for arbitrary anisotropic media. It is proved that this M-PML modification is not perfectly matched, and the reflectivity of the M-PML exceeds that of the standard PML. Moreover, the reflection coefficient linearly depends on the stabilization parameter. A problem of constructing an optimal stabilization parameter is formulated as follows: find a minimum possible parameter that ensures stability. This problem is considered in the second part of this work.
Estimation and Comparison of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves (2009)

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve displays the capacity of a marker or diagnostic test to discriminate between two groups of subjects, cases versus controls. We present a comprehensive suite of Stata commands for performing ROC analysis. Non-parametric, semiparametric and parametric estimators are calculated. Comparisons between curves are based on the area or partial area under the ROC curve. Alternatively pointwise comparisons between ROC curves or inverse ROC curves can be made. Options to adjust these analyses for covariates, and to perform ROC regression are described in a companion article. We use a unified framework by representing the ROC curve as the distribution of the marker in cases after standardizing it to the control reference distribution.
Evaluation of antispermatogenic effect of Garcinia kola seed extract in Albino rats (2013)

To determine the effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola (G. kola) seed on serum sex hormones and epididymal functions of Wistar albino rats. Fifteen male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into three groups of five rats per group. The animals in the treatment groups were administered orally aqueous extract of Garcinia kola seed at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 30 days. Rats in the control group received normal saline (0.9%). The body weights of the rats were determined at the beginning and end of the experiment. Sperm characteristics of each rat were determined. Hormonal assay for FSH, LH and testosterone were done using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). There were significant (P<0.05) decreases in relative organ weights of extract-treated rats compared to the control. G. kola seed extract decreased sperm motility, sperm concentration and sperm viability as well as affected normal morphology of sperm cells in dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extract reduced the serum concentrations of sex hormones of the treated rats relative to the control. The findings suggest that aqueous extract of G. kola seed may have antispermatogenic property.
Controlled Synthesis of an ABC Miktoarm Star-Shaped Copolymer by Sequential Ring-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Benzyl β-Malolactonate, and ε-Caprolactone (2005)

This paper reports on the synthesis of an amphiphilic miktoarm ABC star-shaped copolymer, s[(PEO)(PMLABz)(PCL)], consisting of biocompatible/bioresorbable arms. Indeed, PEO is a hydrophilic biocompatible poly(ethylene oxide) arm, PMLABz is a poly(benzyl β-malolactonate) arm precursor of a pH-sensitive bioresorbable poly(β-malic acid) block, and PCL is a hydrophobic bioresorbable poly(ε-caprolactone) arm. Each constitutive arm was prepared by ring-opening polymerization. A double-headed PEO macroinitiator [PEO-(OH)-COO-K+] was first prepared by selective hydrolysis of the α-lactone (2-oxepanone) end group of PEO chains end-capped by a ω-methoxy group. The anionic polymerization of benzyl β-malolactonate (MLABz) was selectively initiated by the α-potassium carboxylate end group of PEO in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether. The polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) was initiated by the hydroxyl group left at the junction of the two blocks of the as-prepared PEO-b-PMLABz diblock copolymer, in the presence of tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) (Sn(Oct)2). The macroinitiator, the intermediate diblock, and the final miktoarm star-shaped copolymer were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography.
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity as cause of cancer (2007)

According to World Health Organisation estimates 1.1 billion people were overweight or obese worldwide in the year 2000 with the prevalence rapidly increasing. Compelling evidence suggests that excess body weight is a risk factor for several cancer types including cancer of the colon, breast, endometrium, kidney, oesophagus, as well as possibly additional sites. According to previous meta-analyses and systematic literature reviews, an important proportion of cancer has been estimated to be attributable to excess body weight. The extrapolation of a European meta-analysis [1] to the Swiss situation broadly estimates that around 700 cancers could be prevented in the absence of overweight and obesity in this country. The data presented highlights the public health relevance of preventing excess body weight. Several interacting metabolic and hormonal pathways seem to underlie the association between being overweight and cancer with insulin-resistance playing a central role. Since evidence is mounting that excess body weight can also adversely affect cancer prognosis, obesity is a primary target for cancer control programs.
Self-Perceived Impact of Oral Health on the Quality of Life of Women Deprived of Their Liberty (2021)

This study revealed a self-perceived impact of oral health on the quality of life of women inmates. We need to ensure high-quality access to dental treatment in prisons.
A Survey on Methods for the Safety Assurance of Machine Learning Based Systems (2020)

Methods for safety assurance suggested by the ISO 26262 automotive functional safety standard are not sufficient for applications based on machine learning (ML).We provide a structured, certification oriented overview on available methods supporting the safety argumentation of a ML based system.It is sorted into life-cycle phases, and maturity of the approach as well as applicability to different ML types are collected.From this we deduce current open challenges: powerful solvers, inclusion of expert knowledge, validation of data representativity and model diversity, and model introspection with provable guarantees.
A 200 $\mu$s Processing Time Smart Image Sensor for an Eye Tracker Using Pixel-Level Analog Image Processing (2009)

This paper presents a smart sensor for an eye tracker using pixel-level analog image processing to eliminate the needs of many peripherals and the high power consumption of the conventional eye trackers. The pixel-level image processing was implemented with floating gate capacitors and nonlinear circuit computations. The prototype chip was fabricated for an 80 times 60 smart CMOS image sensor (CIS) pixel array whose pixel pitch is 22.4 times 22.4 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 0.35-mum CMOS process. The test results show plusmnradic(2) pixel error and 200-mus processing time. The power consumption is 100 mW with a 3.3 V supply voltage and the silicon area is 7.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
On the probabilistic interpretation of neural network classifiers and discriminative training criteria (1995)

A probabilistic interpretation is presented for two important issues in neural network based classification, namely the interpretation of discriminative training criteria and the neural network outputs as well as the interpretation of the structure of the neural network. The problem of finding a suitable structure of the neural network can be linked to a number of well established techniques in statistical pattern recognition. Discriminative training of neural network outputs amounts to approximating the class or posterior probabilities of the classical statistical approach. This paper extends these links by introducing and analyzing novel criteria such as maximizing the class probability and minimizing the smoothed error rate. These criteria are defined in the framework of class conditional probability density functions. We show that these criteria can be interpreted in terms of weighted maximum likelihood estimation. In particular, this approach covers widely used techniques such as corrective training, learning vector quantization, and linear discriminant analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Business process modeling based on workflow model reuse (2005)

Workflow is a widespread technology and useful in business processes modeling. It can improve enterprises' competitiveness by increasing productivity and enhancing services for customers. A lot of workflow models have been accumulated in business application. These modeling experience are valuable and hard to acquire, and workflow models are similar in some degree if they are classified according to the business domain. If these models can be reused in practice, then it will improve the quality and efficiency of the modeling. For the goal, this paper proposes the system architecture to reuse the workflow models, and describe the modeling process.
Electronic Traffic Grooming in Dedicated Path Protected IP over Elastic Optical Network (2015)

We propose different electronic traffic grooming schemes for IP over elastic optical networks with dedicated path protection. Simulation results show that the proposed approaches can significantly improve network capacity unitization and reduce the number of transponders.
Wearable FPGA Based Wireless Sensor Platform (2007)

A new wearable sensor platform has been developed. It is based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. Because of this the hardware is very flexible and gives the platform unique opportunities for research of a wide range of architectures, applications and signal processing algorithms. The platform has been named NWSP, for Nokia Wrist- Attached Sensor Platform. This document describes the hardware, the firmware and applications of the platform.
Origin and concept of medicine food homology and its application in modern functional foods (2013)

The viewpoints of "medicine food homology" (MFH) conform to today's food requirements of returning to a natural and green healthy life. This paper aims to introduce the concept of MFH and its origin and evolution, and analyze the relationship between food and Chinese medicine. In this review, more than 80 MFH materials approved by China's Ministry of Health are listed and their effective ingredients are summarized in detail. Their treatment mechanism in TCM and western medicine are summarized too. Moreover, some new MFH resources that have been gradually developed are also introduced. MFH materials are a treasure house of functional factors for current functional foods. Innovative ideas for the development of MFH resources in current functional foods are prospected and discussed, such as taking advantage of Chinese diet theory, building a database for MFH varieties and developing new methods and technologies. At present, modern research for the development of MFH functional foods is still in its primary stage, there is still much work required in the popularization of the MFH concept and the development of new products. Knowledge and technological innovations in this area should be accelerated in the future to promote the modernization of MFH.
Microvascular anastomosis using a photochemical tissue bonding technique (2007)

PTB is a feasible microvascular repair technique that results in an immediate, mechanically robust bond with short- and long-term patency rates equal to those for standard suture repair.
Catalysis by Cu2+ of nitric oxide release from S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) (1995)

The decomposition of a range of S-nitrosothiols (thionitrites) RSNO, based on cysteine derivatives, yields in water at pH 7.4 nitrite ion quantitatively. If oxygen is rigorously excluded then no nitrite ion is formed and nitric oxide can be detected using an NO-probe. The reaction is catalysed by trace quantities of Cu2+(there is often enough present in distilled water samples) and also to a lesser extent by Fe2+, but not by Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ or Fe3+. The rate equation (measuring the disappearance of the absorption at ca. 350 nm due to RSNO) was established as v=k[RSNO]·[Cu2+]+k′ over a range of [Cu2+] typically 5–50 µmol dm–3. The constant term k′ represents the component of the rate due to residual Cu2+ in the solvent and buffer components, together with the spontaneous thermal reaction. Decomposition can be virtually halted by the addition of EDTA. Reactions carried out in the presence of N-methylaniline gave a quantitative yield of N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline, but a negligible yield when oxygen was rigorously excluded. Values of the second-order rate constant k were obtained for a range of S-nitrosothiols. Reactivity is highest for the S-nitrosothiols derived from cysteamine and penicillamine, when Cu2+ can be complexed both with the nitrogen atom of the nitroso group and the nitrogen atom of the amino group, via a six-membered ring intermediate. If there is no amino (or other electron donating group) present, reaction is very slow (as for RSNO derived from tert-butyl sulfide). N-Acetylation of the amino group reduces the reactivity drastically as does the introduction of another CH2 group in the chain. There is evidence of a significant gem-dimethyl effect. Kinetic results using the S-nitrosothiols derived from mercaptoacetic, thiolactic and thiomalic acids suggests that coordination can also occur via one of the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group. EPR experiments which examined the Cu2+ signal showed no spectral change during the reaction suggesting that the mechanism does not involve oxidation and reduction with Cu2+⇄ Cu+ interconversion.