gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi Frequency Protocol with Adaptive Frequency Hopping for Reliable Wireless Patient Monitoring (2019)

In this paper we present the multi-frequency wireless communication protocol and adaptive frequency hopping algorithm that are designed specifically with the goal of increasing the reliability of the physiological data transmissions by medical body area networks (MBAN). We discuss the protocol structure and compare adaptive and non-adaptive frequency hopping algorithms used within the MAC protocol. We introduce the comprehensive simulation framework and provide the simulation results which clearly show the advantage of using adaptive frequency hopping in realistic hospital scenarios, dominated with inter-MBAN and Wi-Fi interferes.
A reliable TCP-aware link layer retransmission for wireless networks (2002)

We develop a new TCP-aware link layer retransmission scheme that can offer almost full reliable transmission over wireless channels and efficiently avoid the adverse interaction of different layer protocols. We introduce a time-stamp in our scheme to offer reliable delivery for out-of-order segments and use explicit retransmission notification (ERN) to avoid false window deflating and multiple retransmission of TCP source. By simulation, we conclude that our proposal can greatly improve TCP performance over wireless networks.
Optical Magnification Matrix: Near Objects in the Paraxial Case (2008)

The result is a generalization of the formerly known result for the paraxial magnification matrix for infinite object distance. The effect of the finite object distance correction is small but not negligible. Moreover, the methods for deriving this result serve as a starting point for an even more general treatment of oblique incidence in a future work.
Fused silica for 157-nm transmittance (1999)

The use of silica glass for the photomask material in 157-nm lithography tools is proposed. While fused silica enjoys widespread application for 248 and 193-nm optics, its use for 157-nm applications has been largely discounted, in part because of low transmittance at this wavelength. It is demonstrated here that silica glass can be made to have high transmittance at 157-nm. This is accomplished by minimizing the OH content of the glass. It is also noted that the thermal and mechanical properties of so-called dry silica are very close to higher OH silicas that are commonly used for lithography applications.
THE EFFECTS OF MICROGRAVITY ON THERMOSTABLE T1 LIPASE PROTEIN CRYSTAL (2010)

The quest for the characterizations of intrinsically
thermostable T1 lipase either physicochemically or structurally is a prominent task. T1 lipase can be effectively used as an additive in detergent formulations, and as a biocatalyst for natural oil-based pharmaceuticals, foods and fine chemicals. The thermoalkaliphilic T1 lipase gene of Geobacillus zalihae sp. nov. strain T1 T (Rahman et al., 2007) was overexpressed in the pGEX vector in E. coli (Loew et al., 2004). Expression of T1 lipase as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in prokaryotic systems was expected to allow rapid purification of recombinant T1 lipase through affinity chromatography. High-yield purification of T1 lipase was achieved through two-step affinity chromatography with a final specific activity and yield of 958.2 U/mg and 51.5%, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that the purified T1 lipase appeared as 39 kDa after the removal of the 26 kDa GST tag from the digested fusion lipase. However, the native molecular weight of T1 lipase was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. The size was similar to its predicted molecular weight, but slightly bigger than its denatured form obtained through SDS-PAGE (Leow et al., 2007).
Fluorescent DNA Base Replacements: Reporters and Sensors for Biological Systems (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Inferring causal models of cancer progression with a shrinkage estimator and probability raising (2013)

Existing techniques to reconstruct tree models of progression for accumulative processes, such as cancer, seek to estimate causation by combining correlation and a frequentist notion of temporal priority. In this paper, we define a novel theoretical framework called CAPRESE (CAncer PRogression Extraction with Single Edges) to reconstruct such models based on the notion of probabilistic causation defined by Suppes. We consider a general reconstruction setting complicated by the presence of noise in the data due to biological variation, as well as experimental or measurement errors. To improve tolerance to noise we define and use a shrinkage-like estimator. We prove the correctness of our algorithm by showing asymptotic convergence to the correct tree under mild constraints on the level of noise. Moreover, on synthetic data, we show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art, that it is efficient even with a relatively small number of samples and that its performance quickly converges to its asymptote as the number of samples increases. For real cancer datasets obtained with different technologies, we highlight biologically significant differences in the progressions inferred with respect to other competing techniques and we also show how to validate conjectured biological relations with progression models.
<title>A Digital Optical Architecture For Performing Matrix Algebra</title> (1983)

An electro-optical engagement-array architecture for performing matrix-matrix multiplication using twos complement arithmetic is pre-sented. Twos complement arithmetic offers a convenient means for handling bipolar numbers, avoids the need for matrix partitioning when the matrices are real, and offers a means for improvement in accuracy over conventional optical analog techniques.
Photonic shift register (1988)

Optical memories are indispensable to time-division and self-routing photonic switching systems. Currently, optical fiber delay lines are commonly used as memory cells in such switching systems. These delay lines are fixed in length and not applicable to switching systems requiring flexible delays. To provide flexible delays, a directional coupler may be used in conjunction with a fiber delay line to form a reentrant delay-line memory. 1 However, this delay-line memory has drawbacks too. First, the front portion of an optical pulse may escape from the delay-line fiber undesirably before the rear portion enters it, resulting in loss of part of the optical pulse and causing crosstalk between adjacent time slots. Second, changes of the directional coupler operation states must be precisely controlled; otherwise the loss and crosstalk mentioned above occur again. We propose a photonic shift register. It is designed using directional couplers, optical fibers, and passive optical combiners. A single-bit shift register may be used as an optical memory cell with flexible delay. A multibit register may be used as a photonic serial-to-parallel converter, a photonic parallel-to-serial converter, or a time slot interchanger. Design and operation of this photonic shift register are elucidated.
The effect of single wall carbon nanotube metallicity on genomic DNA-mediated chirality enrichment (2013)

Achieving highly enriched single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is one of the major hurdles today because their chirality-dependent properties must be uniform and predictable for use in nanoscale electronics. Due to the unique wrapping and groove-binding mechanism, DNA has been demonstrated as a highly specific SWNT dispersion and fractionation agent, with its enrichment capabilities depending on the DNA sequence and length as well as the nanotube properties. Salmon genomic DNA (SaDNA) offers an inexpensive and scalable alternative to synthetic DNA. In this study, SaDNA enrichment capabilities were tested on SWNT separation with varying degrees of metallicity that were formulated from mixtures of commercial metallic (met-) and semiconducting (sem-) abundant SWNTs. The results herein demonstrate that the degree of metallicity of the SWNT sample has a significant effect on the SaDNA enrichment capabilities, and this effect is modeled based on deconvolution of the near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectra and verified with photoluminescence emission (PLE) measurements. Using molecular dynamics and circular dichroism, the preferential SaDNA mediated separation of the (6, 5) sem-tube is shown to be largely influenced by the presence of met-SWNTs.
Combustion in a heavy-duty direct-injection engine using hydrogen—methane blend fuels (2009)

Adding hydrogen to the fuel in a direct injection natural gas engine offers the potential significantly to reduce local and global air pollutant emissions. This work reports on the effects of fuelling a heavy-duty engine with late-cycle direct injection of blended hydrogen—methane fuels and diesel pilot ignition over a range of engine operating conditions. The effect of hydrogen on the combustion event varies with operating condition, providing insight into the fundamental factors limiting the combustion process. Combustion stability is enhanced at all conditions studied; this leads directly to a significant reduction in emissions of combustion byproducts, including carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and unburned fuel. Carbon dioxide emissions are also significantly reduced by the lower carbon—energy ratio of the fuel. The results suggest that this technique can significantly reduce both local and global pollutant emissions associated with heavy-duty transport applications while requiring minimal changes to the fuelling system.
Superconducting optical single-photon detectors (2004)

We review the development of superconducting single-photon detectors. The devices are characterized by experimental quantum efficiency of ~8% for infrared photons, counting rate ~2 GHz, 18 ps jitter, and <0.01 per second dark counts.
Combinations of Avibactam and Carbapenems Exhibit Enhanced Potencies Against Drug-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium Abscessus</i> (2017)

Avibactam restores MICs of tebipenem, ertapenem and panipenem against M. abscessus to therapeutically achievable concentrations and raises the possibility of usefulness of these carbapenems to treat drug-resistant M. abscessus infections.
Rapid Isolation of Human Stem Cells (Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells) From the Proximal Humerus During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery (2010)

We have established a reliable, reproducible protocol for isolating CTPs in the operating room. These cells may have the potential to enhance the healing process after rotator cuff repair.
Fiber optic hydrophone for use as an underwater electroacoustic standard (1980)

First Page
12 Comprehensive Detection of Allergens in Grass Pollen Extracts by Mass Spectrometry (2012)

BACKGROUND: More than 40% of type 1-allergic individuals suffer from hypersensitivity to grass pollen. Patients are treated traditionally with specific immunotherapy using pollen extracts derived from one or several different Pooideae species. While for several species the most important allergens (group 1 and group 5) have been identified, other allergens have either not been identified or sequence data are still missing. We have used mass spectrometry (MS) together with genetic and immunological methods to identify allergens in various grass pollen extracts. METHODS: Pollen extracts of 6 different grass species (Phleum pratense, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Dactylus glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Poa pratensis) and a mixture thereof were analyzed. For identification of allergens by MS, extracts were subjected to enzymatic digestion. Resulting peptides were separated by liquid chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Protein identification was performed by searching both the NCBIPlant release and an individually designed database. The presence of individual allergens was confirmed with allergen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Unknown sequences were determined following cDNA synthesis from pollen RNA and allergen sequence amplification by PCR. RESULTS: Fes p 1 and Fes p 5 were identified by the PCR approach. MS analysis of pollen extracts from the 6 individual species resulted in detection of all known allergens including the newly identified Fes p 1 and Fes p 5. Based on the homology of allergens from different grass species, previously unknown sequences of representatives of groups 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12 and 13 were detected by MS in investigated extracts with high sequence coverage. Group 6 allergens could not be identified in some of the analyzed extracts. These findings are supported by immunological analyses and thus demonstrate the specificity of the applied method. Members of all allergen groups were identified in an extract mix prepared from pollen of all 6 grass species studied. CONCLUSIONS: The most important grass allergens (group 1 and group 5) were detected in all extracts. In addition all other known allergens of the assayed species and homologues thereof could also be identified, thus demonstrating the quality of the tested extracts.
Monolithic implementation of a double-scroll chaotic attractor and application to random number generation (2010)

This paper presents an IC realization of a simple autonomous continuous-time chaotic oscillator, which realizes the double-scroll-like chaotic equation. Prototype ICs verifying the feasibility and the correct operation of the chaotic oscillator have been designed and fabricated by using HHNECs 0.25μm eFlash process with a supply voltage of 2.5V. Experimental results from a tested IC are given. Implemented circuit occupies 0.115mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of area and dissipates 1.125mW of power. Furthermore, the presented chaotic oscillator is used as a core of random number generator, in order to show the usefulness of the circuit and also encourage its usage in the random number generation applications.
Ichthyosis vulgaris: novel<i>FLG</i>mutations in the German population and high presence of CD1a+ cells in the epidermis of the atopic subgroup (2009)

We confirm that the mutations R501X and 2282del4 represent the most frequent genetic cause in German IV patients. The novel mutations are probably population and family specific. The observed differences of CD1a cells support the hypothesis that there is a barrier defect that predisposes to atopic manifestations, possibly independent of atopic eczema.
Mobile ranging using low-accuracy clocks (2000)

Our position-location technique provides location information within milliseconds and is integrated in a handheld direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) communications system. We use a standard DSSS waveform, with a state of-the-art chipping rate to provide a position location capability to an accuracy of less than 1 m in a severe multipath environment. We use a two-way time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement technique with 1-ppm clocks that eliminates the need to synchronize master and reference radio clocks. Several techniques improve TOA and, therefore, range accuracy. A loop back calibrates internal system delay. Frequency diversity orthogonalizes multipath with respect to direct path, and leading edge curve fitting of the direct path reduces the effect of multipath. Applications include location of urban war fighters, firefighters, police, and medical personnel and resources.
The sphericity measure for cellular speaker verification (2002)

This paper provides a description of the properties of the symmetric sphericity measure between two Gaussian classes, and presents experimental results of its use in the context of text independent speaker verification, performed on cellular speech. A novel geometric interpretation of the sphericity measure is presented, emphasizing its robustness to variations in scaling in feature space compared to other distortion measures, along with an associated score normalization procedure. The experimental results clearly indicate the superiority of this method over the prevailing likelihood ratio approach, motivating further use of the sphericity measure in a multi-component modeling scheme. In addition, the direct use of this method with single Gaussian models is computationally extremely simple, and may provide acceptable performance in certain cases.
Towards a vaccine against pregnancy-associated malaria (2008)

The consequences of pregnancy-associated malaria on pregnant women (anaemia), their babies (birth weight reduction), and infants (increased morbidity and mortality) are well documented. Field observations during the last decade have underlined the key role of the interactions between P. falciparum variable surface antigens expressed on infected erythrocytes and a novel receptor: chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) for the placental sequestration of infected erythrocytes. Identification of a distinct P. folciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variant, VAR2CSA, as the dominant variant surface antigen and as a clinically important target for protective immune response to pregnancyassociated malaria has raised hope for developing a new preventive strategy based on inducing these immune responses by vaccination. However, despite particular structure and interclonal conservation of VAR2CSA among other PfEMP1, significant challenges still exist concerning the development of a VAR2CSA-based vaccine with profound efficacy.
Cepstral Smoothing of Spectral Filter Gains for Speech Enhancement Without Musical Noise (2007)

Many speech enhancement algorithms that modify short-term spectral magnitudes of the noisy signal by means of adaptive spectral gain functions are plagued by annoying spectral outliers. In this letter, we propose cepstral smoothing as a solution to this problem. We show that cepstral smoothing can effectively prevent spectral peaks of short duration that may be perceived as musical noise. At the same time, cepstral smoothing preserves speech onsets, plosives, and quasi-stationary narrowband structures like voiced speech. The proposed recursive temporal smoothing is applied to higher cepstral coefficients only, excluding those representing the pitch information. As the higher cepstral coefficients describe the finer spectral structure of the Fourier spectrum, smoothing them along time prevents single coefficients of the filter function from changing excessively and independently of their neighboring bins, thus suppressing musical noise. The proposed cepstral smoothing technique is very effective in nonstationary noise.
Multifacet holographic optical elements for wave front transformations (1981)

A new type of holographic optical element combines some of the flexibility of computer-generated holograms with the high light efficiency of volume phase holograms to produce optical elements capable of arbitrary illumination transformations with nearly 100% light efficiency. The optical element is recorded by subdividing a volume hologram film surface into numerous small areas (facets), each of which is individually exposed. A final optical system consisting of two dichromated gelatin holograms in series is demonstrated. The first hologram spatially redistributes the incident light, and the second hologram produces a desired phase front on the redistributed light.
Optical design of a snapshot high-sampling image mapping spectrometer (IMS) for hyperspectral microscopy (2010)

A snapshot high-sampling Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) is developed for hyperspectral microscopy, measuring datacube of dimensions 285x285x60 (x, y, λ). Microscopy IMS is designed to work at the Nyquist sampling limit to realize high resolution imaging. The spatial resolution is ~0.45μm with FOV ~130μm. The spectral working range is 500-700nm with ~8.3nm average spectral resolution. Preliminary tests have been implemented on its imaging performances.
ChaiTime': A System for Rapid Creation of Portable Next-Generation Telephony (1999)

We present the architecture, design and expel-i- mental research prototype implementation of ChaiTime, an open system architecture for the rapid development of advanced next- generation telephony services that overcomes some of the limita- tions of the current closed PSTN architecture and service model. ChaiTime allows communication sessions to be set up over the PSTN, the Internet, or a combination of both. Services can lie provided by multiple cooperating distributed service providers, some of whom may use third-party soflware components which can be plugged or even dynamically downloaded from the network as needed. This allows advanced services to be de- ployed and delivered to users rapidly, a crucial requirement in the increasingly competitive telecommunications services mar- ketplace. ChaiTime is built upon an object-oriented call model called Java Call Control (JCC) which we have defined as a small set of extensions to the standard Java Telephony API (JTAPI) call model that allows support for distributed providers as well as advanced services. JCC hides details of underlying call-state management, protocols and hardware from applications. In our prototype, we have designed a small set of extensions to SIIP, called Extended SIP, for supporting advanced services. The ChaiTime prototype software is currently operational in our laboratory. We briefly describe its current implementation its well as future work to address issues such as fault tolerance.
Synthetic aci-reductones. 3,4-Dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones and their cis- and trans-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro diastereomers. Antiaggregatory, antilipidemic, and redox properties compared to the 4-substituted 2-hydroxytetronic acids (1988)

Synthetic procedures for the elaboration of aci-reductones belonging to the 6- or 7-mono- or bis-substituted-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones (6-10) and their cis- and trans-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro diastereomers (11, 12) are described. hexahydrobenzopyranone aci-reductones were conveniently prepared by using Meldrum's synthon (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, 49). Certain of these substances were evaluated for antilipidemic activity in the cholesterol-fed rat model, and all analogues were studied for their ability to inhibit aggregation of human platelets. Results are compared to aci-reductones belonging to the 4-aryl- and 4-spiroalkyl-2-hydroxytetronic acid systems (4,5a,b). Redox potentials for all aci-reductones were determined with cyclic voltammetry. It would appear that the 4-aryl-2-hydroxytetronic acids represent leads for further study as antiatherosclerotic drugs owing to their favorable antilipidemic and antiaggregatory properties whereas the benzopyranones are of most interest as probes for platelet antiaggregatory mechanism studies.
Printed all-solid flexible microsupercapacitors: towards the general route for high energy storage devices (2014)

A novel method for fabricating all-solid flexible microsupercapacitors (MSCs) was proposed and developed by utilizing screen printing technology. A typical printed MSC is composed of a printed Ag electrode, MnO2/onion-like carbon (MnO2/OLC) as active material and a polyvinyl alcohol:H3PO4 (PVA:H3PO4) as solid electrolyte. A capacity of 7.04 mF cm(-2) was achieved for the screen printed MnO2/OLC MSCs at a current density of 20 μA cm(-2). It also showed an excellent cycling stability, with 80% retention of the specific capacity after 1000 cycles. The printed all-solid flexible MSCs exhibited remarkably high mechanical flexibility when the devices were bent to a radius of 3.5 mm. In addition, all-solid MSCs were successfully demonstrated by screen printing technique on various substrates, such as silicon, glass and conventional printing paper. Moreover, the screen printing technique can be extended to other active materials, such as OLC and carbon nanotubes. This method provides a general route for printable all-solid flexible MSCs, which is compatible with the roll-to-roll process for various high performance active materials.