gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Super‐resolution intracranial quiescent interval slice‐selective magnetic resonance angiography (2017)

Thin, overlapping-slice QISS leveraging super-resolution reconstruction is a flexible approach for intracranial MRA that provides competitive image quality to standard-of-care 3D TOF, with the potential for reduced sensitivity to in-plane flow saturation and motion artifacts. Magn Reson Med 79:683-691, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Sintered valve seat insert for high performance engine (1989)

A liquid phase sintered valve seat insert has been developed for use in high performance engine. The material consists of Fe-Cr-C sintered alloy in which hard alloys and lubricating alloys dispersed uniformly. High wear resistance can be attained through proper dispersion of these alloys in the matrix. Containing more than 10% Cr, the matrix material has high heat resistance and creep strength
Constitutive Lysosomal Targeting and Degradation of Bovine Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1a Mediated by Novel Signals in Its Alternatively Spliced Cytoplasmic Tail (1999)

Endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the proteolytic activation of big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1 (ET-1). The subcellular distribution of ECE-1, and hence the exact site of physiological activation of big ET-1, remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate with several complementary methods that the two alternatively spliced bovine ECE-1 isoforms, ECE-1a and ECE-1b, differing only in the first 30 amino acids of their N-terminal cytoplasmic tails, exhibit strikingly distinct intracellular sorting patterns. Bovine ECE-1a, which is responsible for the intracellular cleavage of big ET-1 in endothelial cells, is constitutively recruited into the lysosome, where it is rapidly degraded. In contrast, bovine ECE-1b, the isoform found in cultured smooth muscle cells, is transported to the plasma membrane by a default pathway and functions as an ectoenzyme. Mutational analyses reveal that the N-terminal tip of the cytoplasmic domain of bovine ECE-1a contains novel proline-containing signals that mediate constitutive lysosomal targeting. Analyses of chimeric ECE-1/transferrin receptors demonstrate that the cytoplasmic tail of bovine ECE-1a is sufficient for the lysosomal delivery and rapid degradation. Our results suggest that the distinct intracellular targeting of bovine ECE-1 isoforms may provide new insights into functional aspect of the endothelin system and that the cell permeability of ECE inhibitor compounds should be carefully considered during their pharmacological development.
A projector/backprojector with slice-to-slice blurring for efficient 3D scatter modeling (2002)

Scatter correction is an important factor in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Many scatter correction techniques, such as multiple-window subtraction and intrinsic modeling with iterative algorithms, have been under study for many years. Previously, the authors developed an efficient slice-to-slice blurring technique to model attenuation and system geometric response in a projector/backprojector pair, which was used in an ML-EM algorithm to reconstruct SPECT data. This paper proposes a projector/backprojector that models the 3D first-order scatter in SPECT, also using an efficient slice-to-slice blurring technique. The scatter response is estimated from a known, non-uniform, attenuation distribution map. It is assumed that the probability of a scatter event at a pixel is proportional to the attenuation coefficient value at that pixel. Monte Carlo simulations of point-sources and a MCAT torso phantom were used to verify the accuracy of the proposed projector/backprojector model. For a 64/spl times/64/spl times/64 image volume, it took 8.7 seconds to perform each iteration per slice, when modeling 3D scatter, attenuation, and system point response functions. The main advantage of the proposed method is its ease to implement and efficiency in computer calculation.
Emerging Methods for Preparing iPS Cells (2012)

In 1998, human embryonic stem cells were first generated and were expected to contribute greatly to regenerative medicine. However, when medical treatments were performed using human embryonic stem cells, there were problems, such as transplant rejection, as well as bioethical issues. Induced pluripotent stem cells were generated from mouse and human fibroblasts in 2006 and 2007 by introducing four transcription factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4). This process was defined as direct reprogramming, and induced pluripotent stem cells were better tolerated. Although induced pluripotent stem cells have contributed greatly to biomedical research and regenerative medicine, high tumorigenic potential is still a critical problem due to the introduction of the oncogene c-Myc and reprogramming with a virus vector. To address this, we reprogrammed somatic cells by transfection with microribonucleic acids to avoid using virus vectors for genomic integration into the host genome. We found that it was possible to reprogram mouse and human cells to pluripotency by direct transfection of three mature microribonucleic acids (mir-200c, -302s and -369s) with increased expression levels in embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. The microribonucleic acid-induced pluripotent stem cells have a reduced risk of mutations and tumorigenesis. Our laboratory also introduced four transcription factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4) into cancer cells, generating induced pluripotent cancer cells that exhibited strikingly less malignant features, suggesting the possibility of a novel type of cancer therapy. However, the gene transduction method is not yet safe for clinical applications, due to a genomic integration that may cause tumor formation. We are currently investigating the reprogramming method using microribonucleic acids in cancer cells to develop a very safe, highly efficient and highly complete reprogramming for clinical applications.
Recovery of Virulent and RNase-Negative Attenuated Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses from Infectious cDNA Clones (2002)

Cloned cDNA derived from the genome of the virulent type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain NY'93/C was sequenced and served for establishment of the infectious cDNA clone pKANE40A. Virus recovered from pKANE40A exhibited growth characteristics similar to those of wild-type BVDV NY'93/C and proved to be clinically indistinguishable from the wild-type virus in animal experiments. A virus mutant in which the RNase residing in the viral glycoprotein E(rns) was inactivated, revealed an attenuated phenotype. The plasmid pKANE40A represents the first infectious cDNA clone established for a type 2 BVDV and offers a variety of new approaches to analyze the mechanisms of BVDV-induced disease in cattle.
Hydrogenation of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors by plasma ion implantation (1995)

Both n- and p-channel polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFT's) have been hydrogenated using the plasma ion implantation (PII) technique. Significant improvements in device characteristics have been obtained. Because PII is capable of greater dose rates than plasma immersion, it allows for significantly shorter process times than other methods investigated thus far.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
USE OF NON-CONTACT, PASSIVE SONAR-BASED VOLUMETRIC FLOW AND GAS VOLUME FRACTION METER FOR IMPROVED SOUR WATER REINJECTION MEASUREMENT (2008)

Sonar flow and gas volume fraction technology employs an array of sensors that are wrapped around an existing process pipe, requiring no coupling gels or alignment. The sensor element is connected to a transmitter which consists of a powerful, digital signal processor that processes coherent pressure disturbances, naturally occurring in process pipes, to deliver real time measurements of volumetric flow and entrained gases in the process fluid (gas volume fraction). Accurate measurement of produced sour water (water containing hydrogen sulfide) is a critical component of effective oil field management. An approach is presented which enables accurate measurement of sour water reinjected (disposed) into individual wells through the use of non-contact, sonar-based volumetric flow and gas volume fraction technology. Utilizing passive sonar, signal array processing to measure volumetric flow rate and gas volume fraction of the process fluid helps enable operators ensure efficient resource and asset utilization, accurate material balance reporting, and the health and safety of its employees. Some of the benefits described in this paper will focus on the non-contact and entrained gas measurement features of the sonar technology. For example, because the sensor element is
Study of the Dissolution of Refractory PuO<sub>2</sub>in Nitric-Hydrofluoric Acid Dissolvents at 100°C (1977)

The dissolution of refractory PuO2 in HNO3-HF-H2O dissolvents was studied. Results showed that increasing either the HNO3 or the HF concentration increases the dissolution rate, and that formation of a Pu(IV) fluoride complex decreases the rate. It was also found that oxidation of dissolved Pu(IV) helps maintain the presence of a fluoride ion as a catalyst and is thus highly beneficial to PuO2 dissolution.
An initiator element mediates autologous downregulation of the human type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor β1 subunit gene (2000)

The regulated expression of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A)R) subunit genes is postulated to play a role in neuronal maturation, synaptogenesis, and predisposition to neurological disease. Increases in GABA levels and changes in GABA(A)R subunit gene expression, including decreased beta1 mRNA levels, have been observed in animal models of epilepsy. Persistent exposure to GABA down-regulates GABA(A)R number in primary cultures of neocortical neurons, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report the identification of a TATA-less minimal promoter of 296 bp for the human GABA(A)R beta1 subunit gene that is neuron specific and autologously down-regulated by GABA. beta1 promoter activity, mRNA levels, and subunit protein are decreased by persistent GABA(A)R activation. The core promoter, 270 bp, contains an initiator element (Inr) at the major transcriptional start site. Three concatenated copies of the 10-bp Inr and its immediate 3' flanking sequence produce full neural specific activity that is down-regulated by GABA in transiently transfected neocortical neurons. Taking these results together with those of DNase I footprinting, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis, and 2-bp mutagenesis, we conclude that GABA-induced down-regulation of beta1 subunit mRNAs involves the differential binding of a sequence-specific basal transcription factor(s) to the Inr. The results support a transcriptional mechanism for the down-regulation of beta1 subunit GABA(A)R gene expression and raises the possibility that altered levels of sequence-specific basal transcription factors may contribute to neurological disorders such as epilepsy.
Speech recognition system having word-based and phoneme-based recognition means (1995)

First Page
Using a portable mass spectrometer to measure surface contamination (1995)

One of the major sources of hazardous waste and VOC air emissions throughout manufacturing industry is parts and equipment cleaning operations. Modification of the cleaning process to use non-hazardous cleaning agents may be the best way to these sources, but some operations still require the use of hazardous solvents. Monitoring the contamination levels during cleaning operations can provide useful feedback for reducing waste generation and air emissions due to over- or under-cleaning. Near real-time evaluation of cleaning operations can help reduce pollution in a wide variety of industries, including aerospace, electronics, and metal finishing industries. The authors have developed a mass spectrometry based analyzer that has similar or better sensitivity than ellipsometry or FTIR and is more tolerant of surface conditions and composition. In addition, the instrument is relatively portable and can be used to help identify unknown surface contamination. This method uses vacuum and thermal desorption to remove volatile and semi-volatile contaminants from the surface. A quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to identify and measure the contamination. A bench-scale model of this {open_quotes}contamination analysis unit{close_quotes} employs a residual gas analyzer (RGA) mated to a small, internally heated inlet that samples a surface.
AlGaAs/Si dual-junction tandem solar cells fabricated by epitaxial lift-off and print transfer-assisted bonding (2015)

Tandem solar cells using different bandgap materials provide higher energy conversion efficiency than single junction cells. However, the need for current matching and lattice matching often restricts the material selection for multi-junction solar cells. To overcome these challenges, we report AlGaAs/Si dual-junction tandem solar cells fabricated by a combined epitaxial lift-off (ELO) and print-transfer method without adhesive layers. Compared to the stacking methods with epoxies, light scattering as well as the need for heat management are avoided here. Furthermore, the epitaxial lift-off approach can help save substrates for re-use and thus is promising to lower the cost of photovoltaic panels.
<title>DC-1Gb/s burst mode receiver for optical bus applications</title> (1992)

This paper describes the characteristics and performance of a high speed, burst mode compatible receiver for optical bus or packet communications. It employs a Si bipolar differential transimpedance amplifier, a threshold tracking control circuit, and a dc-coupled ECL compatible quantizer (decision circuit). To cope with intermittent data packets, the threshold control circuit can capture data amplitude and set the logic threshold in about 1 ns. Using an avalanche photodiode, the typical receiver sensitivity is -37.5 dBm (10-9 BER) at bit rates up to 900 Mb/s, with a dynamic range of 23 db for both pseudo-random and burst-mode signals. At 1 Gb/s, the sensitivity is -35 dBm. With a worst case reset time < 100 ns for the threshold control circuit, this receiver can be used for optical bus applications where data signals with varying optical power are employed.
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. IV Synthesis and structure activity relationships of parenterarry active 7-(4-(substituted methyl)phenyl)acetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids. (1981)

A family of novel optically active alpha-amino-3-substituted-methyl-4-hydroxy benzene acetic acids (3) have been prepared. A number of these amino acids were converted to a group of cephalosporins (12). Compound 12A showed the most interesting activity in vitro and in vivo, primarily against Gram-positive organisms and was shown to be well absorbed orally.
Isomeric Effects of Solution Processed Ladder‐Type Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors (2017)

The role of electronic structure and thin film morphology is investigated in determining charge transfer and electron coupling due to orbital interactions in two isomeric non‐fullerene acceptors with the structure of acceptor‐donor‐acceptor. Differences are found in the distribution of electron density of the highest occupied molecular and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, whose bonding interactions result in improved intermolecular interactions and hence, molecular stacking. When combined with a large band gap polymer donor, solution‐processed organic photovoltaic cells are demonstrated with power conversion efficiencies as high as 10.5 ± 0.4%, and with absorption extending to wavelengths of 800 nm. Due to strong internal organization driven by the planar molecular structure and strong intermolecular interactions, no post‐deposition processing such as solvent vapor or thermal annealing is required. To our knowledge, these are the highest efficiencies for as‐cast solution‐based devices employing non‐fullerene acceptors.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1: what it means to the neurosurgeon (2013)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations have been discovered to be frequent and highly conserved in secondary glioblastoma multiforme and lower-grade gliomas. Although IDH1 mutations confer a unique genotype that has been associated with a favorable prognosis, the role of the mutated IDH1 enzyme and its metabolites in tumor initiation and maintenance remains unresolved. However, given that IDH1 mutations are homogeneously expressed and are limited solely to tumor tissue, targeting this mutation could potentially yield novel treatment strategies for patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
The ring sensor: a new ambulatory wearable sensor for twenty-four hour patient monitoring (2002)

This paper describes the development of a ring sensor for twenty-four hour patient monitoring. The ring is packed with LEDs and photodetectors where the technology of pulse oximetry is implemented for blood oxygen saturation monitoring. The measured data are transmitted to a computer through a digital wireless communication link. The ring sensor is worn by the patient at all times, hence the health status is monitored 24 hours a day. Detailed descriptions of the hardware and the software of the ring sensor will be presented. Also, the effects of motion artifact and ambient light will be investigated.
Transcription Directed by the HIV Long Terminal Repeat In Vitro (1987)

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the AIDS virus (HIV) has been found to contain promoter sequences that are active in uninfected HeLa whole cell and nuclear extracts. Here we report that elements upstream of position -104 (start site +1) do not affect transcriptional activity in vitro whereas sequences between -104 and -57 are required for such activity. Using a reconstituted RNA polymerase II system, we demonstrate that a partially purified fraction containing Spl not only stimulates, as was previously reported, but is required for accurate initiation of transcription directed by the HIV LTR. In addition, based on a computerized analysis, we report the presence of a region in the HIV LTR (positions -151 to -80) that is similar to the 72 base pair enhancer element of SV40 and that includes a highly conserved segment also present in the cytomegalovirus enhancer. Moreover, the HIV and HTLV-I LTRs are shown to share a region of similarity that includes the 21 base pair motif found in the enhancers of the human and bovine T-lymphotropic viruses. The R region of the HIV LTR is found to have two extensive regions of dyad symmetry rather than one as was previously reported. The significance of these observations for HIV pathogenesis is discussed.
RNA polymerase I transcription factor Rrn3 is functionally conserved between yeast and human (2000)

We have cloned a human cDNA that is related to the RNA polymerase I transcription factor Rrn3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant human protein displays both sequence similarity and immunological crossreactivity to yeast Rrn3 and is capable of rescuing a yeast strain carrying a disruption of the RRN3 gene in vivo. Point mutation of an amino acid that is conserved between the yeast and human proteins compromises the function of each factor, confirming that the observed sequence similarity is functionally significant. Rrn3 is the first RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor shown to be functionally conserved between yeast and mammals, suggesting that at least one mechanism that regulates ribosomal RNA synthesis is conserved among eukaryotes.
A Robust Approach for Speaker Identification Using Dialect Information (2022)

The present research is an effort to enhance the performance of voice processing systems, in our case the speaker identification system (SIS) by addressing the variability caused by the dialectical variations of a language. We present an effective solution to reduce dialect-related variability from voice processing systems. The proposed method minimizes the system’s complexity by reducing search space during the testing process of speaker identification. The speaker is searched from the set of speakers of the identified dialect instead of all the speakers present in system training. The study is conducted on the Pashto language, and the voice data samples are collected from native Pashto speakers of specific regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan where Pashto is spoken with different dialectal variations. The task of speaker identification is achieved with the help of a novel hierarchical framework that works in two steps. In the first step, the speaker’s dialect is identified. For automated dialect identification, the spectral and prosodic features have been used in conjunction with Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In the second step, the speaker is identified using a multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based speaker identification system, which gets aggregated input from the first step, i.e., dialect identification along with prosodic and spectral features. The robustness of the proposed SIS is compared with traditional state-of-the-art methods in the literature. The results show that the proposed framework is better in terms of average speaker recognition accuracy (84.5% identification accuracy) and consumes 39% less time for the identification of speaker.
Modeling the effects of stress on magnetization in ferromagnetic materials (abstract) (1994)

In previous papers, it has been shown how stress affects the magnetic properties of materials. Although a model theory has been developed for the case of changing H field under constant stress, so far no attempts have been made to quantitatively model the effects of changing stress under constant field. The main principle in this case is the approach of the magnetization to the anhysteretic. The anhysteretic is itself stress dependent, and therefore presents a moving target for the bulk magnetization. The displacement of the bulk magnetization in isotropic media is determined by the elastic energy supplied ΔW=(1/E)(Δσ)2, where E is the elastic modulus, and Δσ the change in stress. The displacement of the magnetization D=Man(H,σ)−M(H,σ) decays with W according to dD/dW=−ξD, where ξ is the decay coefficient. Solving this equation gives,Man(H,σ)−M(H,σ)=[(Man(H, σ)−M(H,σ0)]exp[(−ξ/E)(Δσ)2], which can be rewritten in terms of the change in magnetization with stress ΔM(H,σ,σ0) the magnetomechanical effect,ΔM(H,σ,σ0)=[Man(H,σ)−M(H, σ)]{1−exp[(−ξ/E)(Δσ)2]}. The stress dependent anhysteretic Man(H,σ) can then be determined from the unstressed anhysteretic through the addition of the extra effective field term Hσ: Hσ=(3/2)(σ/μ0)(dλ/dM) so that Man(H,σ)=Man(H + Hσ). Through the use of the last three equations it is possible to describe the changes in magnetization of the material arising from changing stress.
Identification of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems using multilayer neural networks (2002)

A novel multilayer discrete-time neural net (NN) paradigm is presented for the identification of a class of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear dynamical systems. The major novelty of this approach is a rigorous proof of identification error convergence that reveals a requirement for a new identifier structure and nonstandard weight tuning algorithms under the assumption that the states of the plant are available for measurement. The NN identifier includes delta rule weight tuning and exhibits a learning-while-functioning-features instead of learning-then-functioning so that the identification is immediate with no explicit off-line learning phase needed. The structure of the neural net identifier is derived using a passivity approach. Linearity in the parameters is not required and certainty equivalence is not used. This overcomes several limitations of standard adaptive control. The notion of persistency of excitation (PE) for multilayer NN is explored. The notions of discrete-time passive NN are introduced. This new NN passivity property is employed to demonstrate the boundedness of weight estimates. Simulation studies indicate that the theoretical claims are justified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>