gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Average Performance of Caching and Coded Multicasting with Random Demands (2014)

For a network with one sender, $n$ receivers (users) and $m$ possible messages (files), caching side information at the users allows to satisfy arbitrary simultaneous demands by sending a common (multicast) coded message. In the worst-case demand setting, explicit deterministic and random caching strategies and explicit linear coding schemes have been shown to be order optimal. In this work, we consider the same scenario where the user demands are random i.i.d., according to a Zipf popularity distribution. In this case, we pose the problem in terms of the minimum average number of equivalent message transmissions. We present a novel decentralized random caching placement and a coded delivery scheme which are shown to achieve order-optimal performance. As a matter of fact, this is the first order-optimal result for the caching and coded multicasting problem in the case of random demands.
Structured Content Independent Scalable Meta-formats (SCISM) for Media Type Agnostic Transcoding (2002)

This paper develops a universal meta-format (SCISM) and methodology for representation and transcoding of arbitrary scalable content. The abstractions in the meta-format are generic enough to be applicable to any type of media with only a loose restriction on the encoding structure. Scalable bit-streams are naturally organized in a manner such that representation in compliance with the meta-format is straightforward. By interpreting the generic meta-format, a universal transcoder can transcode the content appropriately to suit the needs and preferences of recipients, without knowledge of the specifics of the content, its encoding and/or encryption. The transcoder just needs to be told what the structure of the particular content that goes through it is, and how this content is to be transcoded to achieve the desired transcoding operation. This is metadata information, which can either be part of the header of the media itself, or can be conveyed to a transcoder separately for an entire class of content. The media meta-data, along with a standardized specification of the capabilities and preferences conveyed by a media destination are all that a transcoder needs to adapt format compliant scalable content appropriately. With universal transcoders, different transcoding infrastructures are no longer needed for different types of scalable media.
Multiparameter Diagnostic Sensor Measurements During Clinically Stable Periods and Worsening Heart Failure in Ambulatory Patients (2021)

Device-based physiologic sensors not only revealed progressive worsening leading up to HF events but also differentiated patients at increased risk of HF events when presumed to be clinically stable.
Difference‐Frequency Generation in Polaritonic Intersubband Nonlinear Metasurfaces (2018)

Abstract A nonlinear intersubband polaritonic metasurface designed for difference‐frequency generation that provides a practical level of nonlinear response under continuous wave illumination is reported. An effective nonlinear susceptibility of up to 340 nm V −1 is measured experimentally. Approximately 0.3% of λ = 5.4 µm photons are downconverted to λ = 12.9 µm photons at the focal spot in the experiment. This work indicates that the ultrathin metasurface devices may provide a versatile nonlinear element for frequency down‐ and upconversion in a relatively broad spectral range and without phase‐matching constrains of traditional bulk nonlinear crystals.
Aggregate structure identification and its application to program analysis (1999)

In this paper, we describe an efficient algorithm for lazily decomposing aggregates such as records and arrays into simpler components based on the access patterns specific to a given program. This process allows us both to identify implicit aggregate structure not evident from declarative information in the program, and to simplify the representation of declared aggregates when references are made only to a subset of their components. We show that the structure identification process can be exploited to yield the following principal results: - A fast type analysis algorithm applicable to program maintenance applications such as date usage inference for the "Year 2000" problem. - An efficient algorithm for atomization of aggregates. Given a program, an aggregate atomization decomposes all of the data that can be manipulated by the program into a set of disjoint atoms such that each data reference can be modeled as one or more references to atoms without loss of semantic information. Aggregate atomization can be used to adapt program analyses and representations designed for scalar data to aggregate data. In particular, atomization can be used to build more precise versions of program representations such as SSA form or PDGs. Such representations can in turn yield more accurate results for problems such as program slicing.Our techniques are especially useful in weakly-typed languages such as Cobol (where a variable need not be declared as an aggregate to store an aggregate value) and in languages where references to statically-defined subranges of data such as arrays or strings are allowed.
Image-guided thermochemical ablation: Theoretical and practical considerations (2009)

Thermochemical ablation reactions can release adequate amounts of heat energy to cause tissue ablation.
A 2‐element meandered‐line slot‐based frequency reconfigurable MIMO antenna system (2018)

Abstract A dual‐band frequency reconfigurable multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The design consists of two slot‐based antenna elements made on an FR4 board and occupies an area of 50 × 100 mm 2 . The antenna operates in two bands. Further, a varactor diode is integrated across the slot to achieve the frequency reconfiguration. The antenna can be reconfigured to operate in both bands from 1.35‐1.62 GHz and 1.95‐2.2 GHz with minimum −6 dB bandwidth of 50 MHz. A defected ground structure (DGS) between the antenna elements is used to improve the isolation. With compact size and low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), the design is suitable for long‐term evolution (LTE) systems and cognitive radio (CR) enabled platforms.
Compounding an extended-stability admixture of Paclitaxel for long-term infusion. (2015)

Conventional paclitaxel admixtures are not physically stable; precipitation occurs which interferes with multiday continuous infusion, a delivery mode being evaluated in clinical trials. The purpose of this article is to describe an extemporaneous compounding approach that extends the stability of paclitaxel admixtures and to provide documentation of the pharmaceutical acceptability of these admixtures. Paclitaxel admixtures have been found to be chemically stable until they precipitate. Microcrystalline precipitation may begin after 3 days. The physical stability of paclitaxel admixtures was found to increase when ethanol concentrations in the final admixtures were raised from the usual 8.3% to 20% to 25% or more. The extended-stability admixtures were compounded at a paclitaxel concentration of 1 mg/mL by adding additional sterile dehydrated alcohol injection, USP, along with the paclitaxel concentrate for injection to 5% dextrose injection, USP,to bring the ethanol concentration to 20% and to 25% in the final admixtures. The chemical and physical stability of the admixtures was evaluated at 4 deg, 22 deg, and 32 deg C over periods up to 31 days. Using a stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic assay, no loss of paclitaxel due to decomposition was found in any sample. Precipitation occurred in a few samples within the observation periods. Substantial losses (up to 70%) occurred in the few samples that precipitated. The addition of sterile dehydrated alcohol injection, USP, to paclitaxel admixtures in 5% dextrose injection, increasing the final ethanol concentration to about 25%, results in paclitaxel admixtures that are physically and chemically stable for at least 7 days, and possibly up to 14 days, at 4 deg, 22 deg, and 32 deg C.
Haemophilia and advanced fibrin sealant technologies (1998)

Fibrin sealant, which consists mainly of fibrinogen and thrombin, provides rapid haemostasis as well as tissue sealing and adhesion. Commercial, viral-inactivated products are available in Europe, Canada, and Japan. Liquid fibrin sealant (LFS) has been used clinically in haemophiliacs to perform dental procedures, orthopedic surgeries, non-orthopaedic surgeries, and circumcisions. LFS use is expected to increase as commercial products will soon be available in the US. Recombinant sources and transgenic animal bioreactor systems will replace plasma-derived products and become the predominant sources for this product in the next decade. Other areas of innovation include the development of fibrin sealant bandages or dressings, expandable foams, and spray powders which will provide the haemophiliac the ability to rapidly attain control of traumatic haemorrhages prior to hospital treatment with a significant reduction in the use of i.v. clotting factors. Fibrin sealant products have the potential to provide life-saving control of haemorrhage, reduction in factor dependency, lower viral exposure risk, and medical care cost reduction.
Minimizing the Total Liner Shipping Route Service Costs via Application of an Efficient Collaborative Agreement (2018)

Increasing size of vessels and formation of alliances are the common strategies, which have been widely used by liner shipping companies over the last years, aiming to serve the growing demand for the international seaborne trade efficiently. However, without a proper design of vessel schedules liner shipping companies may incur substantial monetary losses. This paper proposes a novel collaborative agreement, according to which multiple vessel arrival time windows, start and end times for each time window, and multiple handling rates during each time window are offered by the marine container terminal operator to the liner shipping company at each port of the given liner shipping route. The vessel scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model, where the total liner shipping route service cost is minimized. A set of linearization techniques are applied to the original model, and the linearized model is solved using CPLEX. A number of computational experiments are performed for the Pacific Atlantic 1 liner shipping route, served by the NYK liner shipping company. Results showcase effectiveness of the adopted solution methodology. Moreover, the proposed collaborative agreement outperforms the existing collaborative agreements, where either vessel arrival time windows or handling rates are offered to the liner shipping company at ports, in terms of the total route service cost on average by 10.9% and 6.6%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed collaborative agreement can be considered as an efficient alternative for improving the liner shipping operations.
Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 3′-Aza-2′-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorofolic Acid: A Novel PET Radiotracer for Folate Receptor Targeting (2012)

The folate receptor (FR) has been identified as a valuable target for the imaging of cancer and activated macrophages, involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases via positron emission tomography (PET). Therefore, conjugates of folic acid have been synthesized by coupling of a radiolabeled prosthetic group to the glutamate part of folic acid (pendent approach). In this work, we present a novel class of folates, where the phenyl ring of folic acid was isosterically replaced by a pyridine moiety for direct labeling with [(18)F]fluoride (integrated approach). 3'-Azafolic acid and its 2'-halogenated derivatives (2'-chloro and 2'-fluoro) were evaluated in vitro to determine their binding affinity. 3'-Aza-2'-[(18)F]fluorofolic acid ([(18)F]6) was obtained, starting from N(2)-acetyl-3'-aza-2'-chlorofolic acid di-tert-butylester (2), in a maximum decay corrected radiochemical yield of about 9% in ≥98% radiochemical purity and high specific activities of 35-127 GBq/μmol. Binding affinity to the FR was high (IC(50) = 0.8 ± 0.2 nM), and the radiotracer was stable in human plasma over 4 h at 37 °C. No degradation or defluorination was detected after incubation of the radiotracer for 1 h at 37 °C with human and murine liver microsomes and human S9-fraction. In vivo PET imaging and biodistribution studies with mice demonstrated a high and specific uptake in FR-positive KB tumor xenografts (12.59 ± 1.77% ID/g, 90 min p.i.). A high and specific accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the kidneys (57.33 ± 8.40% ID/g, 90 min p.i.) and salivary glands (14.09 ± 0.93% ID/g, 90 min p.i.), which are known to express the FR and nonspecific uptake found in the liver (10.31 ± 2.37% ID/g, 90 min p.i.). Preinjection of folic acid resulted in a >85% reduced uptake of [(18)F]6 in FR-positive tissues (xenografts, kidneys, and salivary glands). Furthermore, no radioactive metabolites were detected in the blood, urine, or tumor tissue, 30 min p.i. These characteristics indicate that this new (18)F-labeled 3'-azafolate is an appropriate tool for imaging FR-positive (malignant) tissue.
Synthesis of MOF Nanosheets in Hyperswollen Lyotropic Lamellar Phase (2019)

We have synthesized very thin nanosheets (NSs) of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in sandwich-like reaction fields (SRFs) inside the bilayers of a hyperswollen lyotropic lamellar (HL) phase. The obtained samples were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. The thickness and horizontal width of the MOF-NSs obtained from the synthesis in the SRFs in the HL phase are a few nanometres and several hundreds of nanometres, respectively. The accumulation and reaction of ingredients in the highly separated bilayers in the HL phase should result in a dilute aqueous suspension of very thin MOF-NSs.
Fluorinated Aryl Sulfonimide Tagged (FAST) salts: modular synthesis and structure–property relationships for battery applications (2018)

Solid-state electrolytes are attracting great interest for their applications in potentially safe and stable high-capacity energy storage technologies. Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is widely used as a lithium ion source, especially in solid-state polymer electrolytes, due to its solubility and excellent chemical and electrochemical stability. Unfortunately, chemically inert LiTFSI cannot be easily modified to optimize its properties or allow for conjugation to other molecules, polymers, or substrates to prepare single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes. Chemical modifications of TFSI often Erode its advantageous properties. Herein, we introduce Fluorinated Aryl Sulfonimide Tagged (FAST) salts, which are derived from successive nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations were used to assess the electrochemical oxidative stabilities, chemical stabilities, and degrees of ion dissociation of FAST salts as a function of their structures. FAST salts offer a platform for accessing functional sulfonimides without sacrificing many of the advantageous properties of TFSI.
High Density Multi-Channel Passively Aligned Optical Probe for Testing of Photonic Integrated Circuits (2020)

In this work we report the results of high density multi-channel optical multiprobes with pitches of 25 μm and 50 μm that provide edge-coupling used for on-wafer parallel testing of photonic integrated circuits. The probes are fabricated in an oxynitride platform and test demonstrations were carried out of edge-coupled indium-phosphide based photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Thirty-two optical parallel connections are simultaneously, passively aligned between the probe and the PIC by means of integrated guiding channels. The initial placement tolerance is more than 4 μm to give a passive alignment with an optical power variation of less than 1 dB. Multi-port loop-back optical power measurements are reported and the wavelength-dependent net modal gain of integrated semiconductor optical amplifiers was measured to further validate the concept.
NCAR'S NEW RAMAN-SHIFTED EYE-SAFE AEROSOL LIDAR (REAL) (2004)

The design features of, and first observations from, a new eye-safe elastic backscatter lidar system operating at a wavelength of 1.54 µm are presented. Unlike pre-vious lidar transmitters using stimulated Raman scatter-ing in methane, the pump beam is not focused and the cell is injection seeded to improve conversion efficiency and beam quality. The receiver uses custom focusing op-tics and a 200-µm diameter InGaAs avalanche photodi-ode (APD). An important achievement was reducing the transmit beam divergence so that it was smaller than the field-of-view (FOV) subtended by the receiver. The first results were obtained by operating the system in a non-eye-safe dual-wavelength mode (1.064 µm and 1.543 µm simultaneously). Single-wavelength eye-safe operation is achieved by the use of a prism to separate and block the 1.064 µm beam before transmitting into the atmosphere. We are currently developing depolarization ratio measurement capability for use when pointing ver-tical and a beam steering unit for applications requiring scanning. The system is capable of transmitting over 200 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz at 1.543 µm. Examples of backscat-ter data from vertical and horizontal pointing periods are shown.
Processing and interface analysis of CdS-passivated InP (2002)

The success of silicon is largely due to the availability of CMOS technology, which is made possible by the nearly perfect electrical and chemical properties of the oxide/semiconductor interface. Conversely, the lack of an adequate surface passivation technology for the III-V semiconductors has severely curtailed analogous MIS device technology development, restricting the options for compound semiconductor circuit design. Recently, we have developed a cadmium sulfide-based surface treatment that results in a chemically stable (100) n-InP surface with nearly ideal MIS diode C-V response. Despite the fact that the CdS deposition process is simple and can easily be integrated into many manufacturing processes, the interface chemistry of the CdS/InP system is complex. We have used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate this interface, with corresponding C-V analysis of the SiO/sub x//CdS/InP interface region. Interface stoichiometry and electrical response were measured at several different deposition conditions in order to determine optimum growth conditions for the CdS interfacial layer. Fabrication, electrical response, and high frequency response of an ion-implanted depletion-mode InP MISFET were also investigated.
A Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Inhibitor Encoded by a Non-uracil Containing Viral DNA (2006)

Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is an enzyme involved in the base excision repair pathway. It specifically removes uracil from both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. The genome of the Bacillus subtilis phage 29 is a linear double-stranded DNA with a terminal protein covalently linked at each 5'-end. Replication of 29 DNA starts by a protein-priming mechanism and generates intermediates that have long stretches of single-stranded DNA. By using in vivo chemical cross-linking and affinity chromatography techniques, we found that UDG is a cellular target for the early viral protein p56. Addition of purified protein p56 to B. subtilis extracts inhibited the endogenous UDG activity. Moreover, extracts from 29-infected cells were deficient in UDG activity. We suggested that inhibition of the cellular UDG is a defense mechanism developed by 29 to prevent the action of the base excision repair pathway if uracil residues arise in their replicative intermediates. Protein p56 is the first example of a UDG inhibitor encoded by a non-uracil-containing viral DNA.
OLAV-PMF:  A Novel Scoring Scheme for High-Throughput Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (2003)

We propose a new type of probabilistic scoring scheme framework for protein identification from peptide masses. We first introduce the framework itself and explain its requirements. In a second part, we describe a particular implementation and test it on a data set of more than 8000 MALDI-TOF spectra with known contents. Doing so, we also compare its performance to two widely used scoring schemes, thereby demonstrating the potential of the proposed approach.
Post‐Transcriptional Noise Control (2019)

Recent evidence indicates that transcriptional bursts are intrinsically amplified by messenger RNA cytoplasmic processing to generate large stochastic fluctuations in protein levels. These fluctuations can be exploited by cells to enable probabilistic bet-hedging decisions. But large fluctuations in gene expression can also destabilize cell-fate commitment. Thus, it is unclear if cells temporally switch from high to low noise, and what mechanisms enable this switch. Here, the discovery of a post-transcriptional mechanism that attenuates noise in HIV is reviewed. Early in its life cycle, HIV amplifies transcriptional fluctuations to probabilistically select alternate fates, whereas at late times, HIV utilizes a post-transcriptional feedback mechanism to commit to a specific fate. Reanalyzing various reported post-transcriptional negative feedback architectures reveals that they attenuate noise more efficiently than classic transcriptional autorepression, leading to the derivation of an assay to detect post-transcriptional motifs. It is hypothesized that coupling transcriptional and post-transcriptional autoregulation enables efficient temporal noise control to benefit developmental bet-hedging decisions.
Efficient solid-phase synthesis of meningococcal capsular oligosaccharides enables simple and fast chemoenzymatic vaccine production (2018)

<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroups A and X are among the leading causes of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt. Glycoconjugate vaccines, consisting of an antigenic carrier protein coupled to the capsular polysaccharide of the bacterial pathogen, are the most effective strategy for prevention of meningococcal disease. However, the distribution of effective glycoconjugate vaccines in this region is limited by the high cost of cultivating pathogens and purification of their capsular polysaccharides. Moreover, chemical approaches to synthesize oligosaccharide antigens have proven challenging. In the current study, we present a chemoenzymatic approach for generating tailored oligosaccharide fractions ready for activation and coupling to the carrier protein. In a first step, the elongation modes of recombinant capsular polymerases from <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> serogroups A (CsaB) and X (CsxA) were characterized. We observed that CsaB is a distributive enzyme, and CsxA is a processive enzyme. Sequence comparison of these two <i>stealth</i> family proteins revealed a C-terminal extension in CsxA, which conferred processivity because of the existence of a second product-binding site. Deletion of the C-terminal domain converted CsxA into a distributive enzyme, allowing facile control of product length by adjusting the ratio of donor to acceptor sugars. Solid-phase fixation of the engineered capsular polymerases enabled rapid production of capsular polysaccharides with high yield and purity. In summary, the tools developed here provide critical steps toward reducing the cost of conjugate vaccine production, which will increase access in regions with the greatest need. Our work also facilitates efforts to study the relationship between oligosaccharide size and antigenicity.