gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalisation and domain adaptation in GP with gradient descent for symbolic regression (2015)

Genetic programming (GP) has been widely applied to symbolic regression problems and achieved good success. Gradient descent has also been used in GP as a complementary search to the genetic beam search to further improve symbolic regression performance. However, most existing GP approaches with gradient descent (GPGD) to symbolic regression have only been tested on the “conventional” symbolic regression problems such as benchmark function approximations and engineering practical problems with a single (training) data set only and the effectiveness on unseen data sets in the same domain and in different domains has not been fully investigated. This paper designs a series of experiment objectives to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of GPGD with various settings for a set of symbolic regression problems applied to unseen data in the same domain and adapted to other domains. The results suggest that the existing GPGD method applying gradient descent to all evolved program trees three times at every generation can perform very well on the training set itself, but cannot generalise well on the unseen data set in the same domain and cannot be adapted to unseen data in an extended domain. Applying gradient descent to the best program in the final generation of GP can also improve the performance over the standard GP method and can generalise well on unseen data for some of the tasks in the same domain, but perform poorly on the unseen data in an extended domain. Applying gradient descent to the top 20% programs in the population can generalise reasonably well on the unseen data in not only the same domain but also in an extended domain.
Asynchronous, event-driven readout of POSFET devices for tactile sensing (2014)

In this work, we report a novel circuit architecture to implement event-driven tactile sensing using the POSFET tactile device. The proposed circuit matches advantages of the POSFET device (integration of sensing and electronics on the same die, high electromechanical transduction bandwidth, etc.) with the ones of the event-driven approach. In the proposed circuit, the POSFET device is interfaced with a spiking neuron, of the type integrate and fire: the input mechanical stimulus is translated into digital pulses. The proposed approach paves the way for the implementation of neuromorphic integrated tactile sensing systems based on POSFET devices.
The Square Root of NOT (1995)

Digital computers are built out of circuits that have definite, discrete states: on or off, zero or one, high voltage or low voltage. Engineers go to great lengths to make sure these circuits never settle into some intermediate condition. Quantum-mechanical systems, as it happens, offer a guarantee of discreteness without any engineering effort at all. When you measure the spin orientation of an electron, for example, it is always either &quot;up &quot; or &quot;down, &quot; never in between. Likewise an atom gains or loses energy by making a &quot;quantum jump&quot; between specific energy states, without passing through intermediate energy levels. So why not build a digital computer out of quantum-mechanical devices, letting particle spins or the energy levels of atoms stand for binary units of information? One answer to this &quot;Why not? &quot; question is that you can&apos;t avoid building a quantum-mechanical computer even if you try. Since quantum mechanics appears to be a true theory of nature, it governs all physical systems, including the transistors and other components of the computer on your desk. All the same, quantum effects are seldom evident in electronic devices; components and circuits are designed so that the quantum states of many millions of electrons are averaged together, blurring their discreteness. In a quantum computer, the basic working parts would probably have to be individual electrons or atoms, and so another answer to the &quot;Why not?&quot; question is that building such a machine is simply beyond our skills. And
Understanding Design for Automated Image Analysis in Digital Pathology (2016)

Digital pathology is an emerging healthcare field taking advantage of technology that allows digitization of microscopy images. Such digitization enables the use of automated digital image analysis techniques, which could be beneficial for the diagnostic review and prognosis of a variety of conditions. As yet, human-computer interaction (HCI) issues in this field, which is mostly based on visual analysis, have not been systematically explored. Based on reflecting on the process of designing and deploying systems for digital pathology, we propose a new understanding to design automated tools for such environments. We used meeting minutes, design briefs, interviews, personal notes and other artifacts to conduct a thematic analysis. This enabled us to establish four design considerations for introducing digital image analysis to routine pathology that concern level of detail, verification, communication and transparency.
Synthesis of trans-2,6-dialkylpiperidines by intramolecular amidomercuration (1984)

Intramolecular amidomercuration of N-methoxycarbonyl-6-aminohept-1-ene and reaction of the resulting organomercurial with sodium borohydride in the presence of acrylonitrile or decen-3-one has been used to prepare trans-2,6-dialkylpiperidines, including solenopsin A, a constituent of the venom of the fire-ant.
JET: An Application of Partial Evaluation in Dynamic Code Generation for Java (2000)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Depletion of Gr-1+, but not Ly6G+, immune cells exacerbates virus replication and disease in an intranasal model of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (2010)

In the absence of a viable 'knockout' mouse, researchers have relied extensively on monoclonal antibody (mAb) RB6-8C5 [anti-granulocyte receptor 1 (Gr-1)] to deplete neutrophils in murine models of inflammation and infection. Using an intranasal model of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, we demonstrate that mAb RB6-8C5 also binds to plasmacytoid dendritic cells, F4/80(+) macrophages/monocytes and CD8(+) T cells recovered from the airways of HSV-1-infected mice. In contrast, mAb 1A8 (anti-Ly6G) bound specifically to Ly6G(high) neutrophils. Following intranasal infection of C57BL/6 mice with HSV-1, few Ly6G(high) neutrophils were recruited to the airways and treatment of mice with purified mAb 1A8 induced systemic neutropenia, but did not alter virus replication or disease progression. In contrast, treatment of HSV-1-infected mice with mAb RB6-8C5 led to exacerbated virus replication, disease severity and mortality. These findings highlight the limitations associated with widespread use of antibody-mediated depletion of Gr-1(+) cells to define the role of neutrophils in vivo. Furthermore, we use mAb 1A8 to demonstrate that specific depletion of neutrophils does not modulate disease or alter virus replication following intranasal infection with HSV-1.
Microparticles of Novel Branched Copolymers of Lactic Acid and Amino Acids: Preparation and Characterization (1999)

The preparation and characterization of microparticles produced from a new class of functionalized, biodegradable, comblike graft copolymers is presented. The copolymers are polyester-polyamino acid hybrids, composed of a poly(L-lactic acid-co-L-lysine) (PLAL) backbone, and poly(L-lysine), poly(D,L-alanine) or poly(L-aspartic acid) side chains extending from the lysine residues of PLAL. The microparticles have been characterized with regard to their surface properties, morphology, and size. Thus, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis data and results of Zeta potential measurements suggest that the polyamino acid side chains tend to concentrate at the surface of the particles. Also, analyses by environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy indicate that particles carrying poly(lysine) chains have an unusual porous structure, most probably due to the combined effects of the amphiphilic, polyelectrolyte, and chemical nature of the composing copolymer, as well as of the particular preparation technique employed. The capabilities of the microparticles to serve as carriers in controlled drug release and delivery devices were demonstrated by encapsulation and release of rhodamine B, a low molecular weight drug model.
Autoantibodies to a 140‐kd polypeptide, CADM‐140, in Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (2005)

These results indicate that the presence of anti-CADM-140 autoantibodies may be a novel marker for C-ADM. Further attention should be directed to the detection of rapidly progressive ILD in those patients with anti-CADM-140 autoantibodies.
ApoE facilitates the microglial response to amyloid plaque pathology (2018)

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar plaques predominantly consisting of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) influences the deposition of amyloid pathology through affecting the clearance and aggregation of monomeric Aβ in the brain. In addition to influencing Aβ metabolism, increasing evidence suggests that apoE influences microglial function in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we characterize the impact that apoE has on amyloid pathology and the innate immune response in APPPS1ΔE9 and APPPS1-21 transgenic mice. We report that <i>Apoe</i> deficiency reduced fibrillar plaque deposition, consistent with previous studies. However, fibrillar plaques in <i>Apoe</i>-deficient mice exhibited a striking reduction in plaque compaction. Hyperspectral fluorescent imaging using luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes identified distinct Aβ morphotypes in <i>Apoe</i>-deficient mice. We also observed a significant reduction in fibrillar plaque-associated microgliosis and activated microglial gene expression in <i>Apoe</i>-deficient mice, along with significant increases in dystrophic neurites around fibrillar plaques. Our results suggest that apoE is critical in stimulating the innate immune response to amyloid pathology.
Formal Semantics of Runtime Monitoring, Verification, Enforcement and Control (2015)

Runtime monitoring can be used to verify, enforce and control the dynamic execution of a target program at runtime to detect property violations, enforce desired properties and actively correct the execution, respectively. However, the state-of-the-art study lacks an appropriate formal program semantics of runtime monitoring. In this paper, we propose a theory of runtime control at an appropriate level of formalization to provide a formal program semantics of instrumented target programs under the control of controlling programs. Our theory provides a complete formal semantics for real implementations of runtime monitoring and control, but still retains a good balance between implementation and generality. Indeed, the theory encompasses the formalization of key implementation techniques, such as program instrumentation, synchronization on passively monitored actions, and synthesis of controlling programs from specifications. On the other hand, the theory is so generic and expressive that many existing formalisms about runtime monitoring can be considered as special cases of our theory.
A Study of the Experts’ Perception on the Improvement of Advertisements in Copyright Infringement Websites (2022)

Recently, illegal advertising sales on overseas Internet sites have caused serious problems. These sites are making profits by illegally copying works such as broadcasting, movies, and music and posting advertisements. In particular, content producers such as domestic copyright holders, broadcasters, and film companies are struggling to come up with measures to prevent copyright infringement, as Torrento and streaming sites have servers overseas that cannot be cracked down on. The study aims to examine experts' perception of online illegal advertising and to collect the improvement measures. Furthermore, it intends to collect data to establish the justification for blocking the publication in illegal websites. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with associations/institutions, advertising companies, media reps, advertisers, and academic experts to examine the perception of illegal advertisements currently in question and what efforts are needed to prevent copyright infringement. The results are as follows. First, the experts pointed out the seriousness of the problem of illicit online advertisements. Second, experts suggested that many efforts should be needed to avoid damage caused by legal & illegal advertisements on illegal sites. Finally, opinions were collected on blocking of legal advertisements in copyright infringement websites and development of strengthening standards to eradicate them.
Flow past a cylinder: shear layer instability and drag crisis (2004)

Abstract Flow past a circular cylinder for Re =100 to 10 7 is studied numerically by solving the unsteady incompressible two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations via a stabilized finite element formulation. It is well known that beyond Re ∼ 200 the flow develops significant three‐dimensional features. Therefore, two‐dimensional computations are expected to fall well short of predicting the flow accurately at high Re . It is fairly well accepted that the shear layer instability is primarily a two‐dimensional phenomenon. The frequency of the shear layer vortices, from the present computations, agree quite well with the Re 0.67 variation observed by other researchers from experimental measurements. The main objective of this paper is to investigate a possible relationship between the drag crisis (sudden loss of drag at Re ∼ 2 × 10 5 ) and the instability of the separated shear layer. As Re is increased the transition point of shear layer, beyond which it is unstable, moves upstream. At the critical Reynolds number the transition point is located very close to the point of flow separation. As a result, the shear layer eddies cause mixing of the flow in the boundary layer. This energizes the boundary layer and leads to its reattachment. The delay in flow separation is associated with narrowing of wake, increase in Reynolds shear stress near the shoulder of the cylinder and a significant reduction in the drag and base suction coefficients. The spatial and temporal power spectra for the kinetic energy of the Re =10 6 flow are computed. As in two‐dimensional isotropic turbulence, E ( k ) varies as k −5/3 for wavenumbers higher than energy injection scale and as k −3 for lower wavenumbers. The present computations suggest that the shear layer vortices play a major role in the transition of boundary layer from laminar to turbulent state. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid integrated silicon nitride lasers (2020)

Ultra-narrow linewidth tunable hybrid integrated lasers are built from a combination of indium phosphide (InP) and silicon nitride-based TriPleX™. By combining the active functionality of InP with the ultra-low loss properties of the TriPleX™ platform narrow linewidth lasers in the C-band are realized. The InP platform is used for light generation and the TriPleX™ platform is used to define a long cavity with a wavelength-selective tunable filter. The TriPleX™ platform has the ability to adapt mode profiles over the chip and is extremely suitable for mode matching to the other platforms for hybrid integration. The tunable filter is based on a Vernier of micro-ring resonators to allow for single-mode operation, tunable by thermo-optic or stress-induced tuning. This work will show the operational principle and benefits of the hybrid lasers and the state of the art developments in the realization of these lasers. High optical powers ( <100 mW) are combined with narrow linewidth (< 1 kHz) spectral responses with tunability over a large (>100 nm) wavelength range and a low relative intensity (< -160 dB/Hz).
Genetically encodable bioluminescent system from fungi (2018)

Bioluminescence is found across the entire tree of life, conferring a spectacular set of visually oriented functions from attracting mates to scaring off predators. Half a dozen different luciferins, molecules that emit light when enzymatically oxidized, are known. However, just one biochemical pathway for luciferin biosynthesis has been described in full, which is found only in bacteria. Here, we report identification of the fungal luciferase and three other key enzymes that together form the biosynthetic cycle of the fungal luciferin from caffeic acid, a simple and widespread metabolite. Introduction of the identified genes into the genome of the yeast <i>Pichia pastoris</i> along with caffeic acid biosynthesis genes resulted in a strain that is autoluminescent in standard media. We analyzed evolution of the enzymes of the luciferin biosynthesis cycle and found that fungal bioluminescence emerged through a series of events that included two independent gene duplications. The retention of the duplicated enzymes of the luciferin pathway in nonluminescent fungi shows that the gene duplication was followed by functional sequence divergence of enzymes of at least one gene in the biosynthetic pathway and suggests that the evolution of fungal bioluminescence proceeded through several closely related stepping stone nonluminescent biochemical reactions with adaptive roles. The availability of a complete eukaryotic luciferin biosynthesis pathway provides several applications in biomedicine and bioengineering.
A New Approach in Permeability and Hydraulic-Flow-Unit Determination (2013)

Summary Building an integrated subsurface model is one of the main goals of major oil and gas operators to guide the field-development plans. All field-data acquisitions from seismic, well logging, production, and geomechanical monitoring to enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) operations can be affected by the accurate details incorporated in the subsurface model. Therefore, building a realistic integrated subsurface model of the field and associated operations is essential for a successful implementation of such projects. Furthermore, using a more reliable model can, in turn, provide the basis in the decision-making process for control and remediation of formation damage. One of the key identifiers of the subsurface model is accurately predicting the hydraulic-flow units (HFUs). There are several models currently used in the prediction of these units on the basis of the type of data available. The predictions that used these models differ significantly because of the assumptions made in the derivations. Most of these assumptions do not adequately reflect realistic subsurface conditions, thus increasing the need for better models. A new approach has been developed in this study for predicting the petrophysical properties and improving the reservoir characterization. The Poiseuille flow equation and Darcy equation were coupled, taking into consideration the irreducible water saturation in the pore network. The porous medium was introduced as a domain containing a bundle of tortuous capillary tubes with irreducible water lining the pore wall. A series of routine and special core analysis was performed on 17 Berea sandstone samples, and the petrophysical properties were measured and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted. In building the petrophysical model, it was initially necessary to assume an ideal reservoir with 17 different layers, each layer representing one Berea sample. Afterward, by the iteration and calibration of the laboratory data, the number of HFUs was determined by use of the common HFU model and the proposed model accordingly. A comparative study shows that the new model provides a better distribution of HFUs and prediction of the petrophysical properties. The new model provides a better match with the experimental data collected than the models currently used in the prediction of such parameters. The good agreement observed for the Berea sandstone experimental data and the model predictions by use of the new permeability model shows a wider range of applicability for various reservoir conditions. In addition, the model has been applied to a series of core-analysis data on low-permeability Medina sandstone, Appalachian basin, northwest Pennsylvania. The flow-unit distribution by use of the proposed model shows a better flow-zone distinction, and the permeability/ porosity relationship has a higher confidence coefficient.
Drop Test of Plastic Packagings – Correlation with Material Parameters and Change of Packaging Behaviour After Impact of Standard Liquids (2013)

A guided drop test was performed to achieve a defined and reproducible impact orientation of jerrycans. The drop heights where 50% of the jerrycans experienced a failure from a crack where fluid can escape (50% failure drop height) were compared among jerrycans made of four different materials, in their original state and preconditioned with standard liquids. To analyse the impact of only elevated temperatures, the packages were preconditioned for 21 days at 40°C without the use of chemicals. The 50% failure drop height was compared by using Young's modulus; the notched impact strength (NIS) of specimen cut from plates which were manufactured by compression moulding and the notched tensile impact strength of specimen cut‐outs of the jerrycans' side walls. The NIS depends highly on the thermal preconditioning of the plates being manufactured by compression moulding. A trend can be seen that a higher Young's modulus, a higher NIS and a higher notched tensile impact strength result in a higher 50% failure drop height, but the values are spread. The influence of the wall thickness cannot be neglected. The change of the 50% failure drop height in regard to the preconditioning at 40°C with and without nitric acid was compared in terms of their resistance to molecular degradation, density and degree of crystallinity. The conditioning at elevated temperature causes post‐crystallization. It was shown that the resistance to molecular degradation determined on pressed plates correlates with the change of the 50% failure drop height after pre‐storage with nitric acid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult Stem Cells (2004)

Adult Stem Cell Plasticity William B. Slayton and Gerald J. Spangrude Spermatogonial Stem Cells Dirk G. de Rooij Stem Cells in Skeletal Muscle Anna Polesskaya and Michael Rudnicki Gene Therapy Using Muscle-Derived Stem Cells Christopher Chermansky, Johnny Huard, and Michael B. Chancellor Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Characterization and Developmental Potential Stan Gronthos, Natasha Cherman, Pamela Gehron Robey, and Songtao Shi Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells in Thymus Organogenesis Hans-Reimer Rodewald Adult Liver Stem Cells William B. Coleman, Joe W. Grisham, and Nadia N. Malouf Endothelial Progenitor Cells Takayuki Asahara and Jeffrey M. Isner Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells Anne T. Collins and David E. Neal Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells Elizabeth Anderson and Robert B. Clarke From Marrow to Brain Josef Priller Adult Retinal Stem Cells Monica L. Vetter and Edward M. Levine Multipotentiality of Iris Pigment Epithelial Cells in Vertebrate Eye Mitsuko Kosaka, Guangwei Sun, Masatoshi Haruta, and Masayo Takahashi Stem Cell Biology of the Inner Ear and Potential Therapeutic Applications Thomas R. Van De Water, Ken Kojima, Ichiro Tateya, Juichi Ito, Brigitte Malgrange, Philippe P. Lefebvre, Hinrich Staecker, and Mark F. Mehler Engineering the In Vitro Cellular Microenvironment for the Control and Manipulation of Adult Stem Cell Responses Ali Khademhosseini and Peter W. Zandstra Stem Cells As Common Ancestors: Somatic Cell Phylogenies From Somatic Sequence Alterations Darryl Shibata Index