gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optoelectronic design of multijunction wire-array solar cells (2011)

Microwire solar cells have demonstrated promising optical and photovoltaic performance in arrays of single junction Si wires. Seeking higher efficiencies, we have numerically investigated III-V on Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> architectures as candidates for tandem microwire photovoltaics via optical and electronic transport modeling. Optical modeling indicates that light trapping is an important design criterion. Absorption is more than doubled by the presence of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> scattering particles around the wires, leading to high overall light collection despite low wire packing fraction. Texturing of the microwire outer surface, which was found to occur experimentally for GaP/Si microwires, is also shown to enhance absorption by over 50% relative to wires with smooth surfaces, allowing for the use of thinner layers. Finally, full optoelectronic simulations of GaAs on Ge structures revealed that current matching is attainable in these structures and that wire device efficiencies can approach those of planar cells.
Printing with ferroelectric ceramics (1997)

Abstract For printing applications, ferroelectric (FE) material can be poled without electrodes by charging the surface at the image areas in one polarity and the background to the opposite polarity. On the surface of FE-ceramics, high electric fields are produced which are able to attract or repel charged toner particles. This property can be used for high speed electrographic printing. With a simplified model it can be shown, that a layer of selfconsistent screening charges are responsible for short range but intensive fields above the surface. Possible electric field measurement techniques, optimisation of material properties and contrast enhancement for FE-printing are also discussed.
Pore Size, Tortuosity, and Permeability From NMR Restricted Diﬀusion in Organic-Rich Chalks (2021)

Permeability estimation is crucial for formation evaluation, but faces challenges when used in low-permeability, unconventional formations. NMR well logging is often used to estimate formation permeability, but in many unconventional formations, the current NMR methods are not adequate. We have developed a new method to estimate permeability using a modified Carman-Kozeny model with pore size, tortuosity, and porosity information inferred from NMR restricted diffusion measurements. In this study, we focus on two low-permeability, organic-rich chalks (0.017 and 0.035 md) with connate water present. They are from the same formation but have different depths, TOC (total organic carbon), and bitumen content. These differences affect pore size, tortuosity, and permeability. The core samples are pressure saturated with two hydrocarbons—high-pressure methane or decane—with connate water present. NMR measurements are conducted under pressure to obtain the restricted diffusivity of the hydrocarbon-bearing pore space. In planning the NMR restricted diffusivity measurements, an optimum series of diffusion-encoding times are chosen for the unipolar stimulated-echo pulse sequence to obtain the correlation between the restricted diffusivity (D) and free diffusion length (LD). By applying the Padé fit to the restricted diffusivity, we can better estimate the diffusive tortuosity (τ) and pore-body size (d) of the hydrocarbon-filled pore space. The estimated pore-body size, tortuosity, and porosity from NMR are then used to predict permeability. We introduce a modified Carman-Kozeny model, which shows advantages over older methods like SDR and Timur-Coates models. The advantages of the new method are shown in organic-rich chalk with complex pore structures and organic matter. This new method can potentially be used for estimating permeability by well-logging and core-log integration.
FARM: a framework for exploring mining spaces with multiple attributes (2002)

Mining for frequent itemsets typically involves a preprocessing step in which data with multiple attributes are grouped into transactions, and items are defined based on attribute values. We hake observed that such fixed attribute mining can severely constrain the patterns that are discovered. Herein, we introduce mining spaces, a new framework for mining multi-attribute data that includes the discovery of transaction and item definitions (with the exploitation of taxonomies and functional dependencies if they are available). We prove that special downward closure properties (or anti-monotonic property) hold for mining spaces, a result that allows us to construct efficient algorithms for mining patterns without the constraints of fixed attribute mining. We apply our algorithms to real world data collected from a production computer network. The results show that by exploiting the special kinds of downward closure in mining spaces, execution times for mining can be reduced by a factor of three to four.
Stability Analysis of a Dynamic Surface Control for Piezoelectric Fuel Injection During Rate Shaping (2014)

Piezoelectric fuel injection provides a high bandwidth response that can be utilized in a common rail system to control injection during rate shaping. A model-based control is necessary to compensate for the nonlinearities, including the non-smoothness, in a piezoelectric fuel injector. Since the injector has a high order, a dynamic surface control was developed and simulated in MATLAB. In this paper, a stability analysis of the dynamic surface control is performed and show the stability and the guarantee of tracking performance.
Assessment of the biomechanical properties of porcine cornea after UV cross-linking at different intraocular pressures (2015)

In this study we demonstrate the use of phase-stabilized swept-source optical coherence elastography (PhS-SSOCE) to assess the biomechanical properties of porcine corneas before and after collagen cross-linking (CXL) at different intraocular pressures by measuring the velocity of an air-pulse induced elastic wave and recovery process rate of an air-pulse induced deformation. Young’s moduli were estimated by two different methods: the shear wave equation and a newly developed elasticity reconstruction model. The results show that the corneas became stiffer after the CXL treatment, as evidenced by the increased elastic wave velocity and recovery process rate and greater Young’s modulus. This non-contact and noninvasive measurement technique utilizes minimal force for excitation (deformation less than 10 μm in amplitude) of the tissue. Thus, it can be potentially used to study the biomechanical properties of ocular and other delicate tissues.
Multistage bandpass delta sigma modulators (1994)

A new architecture for oversampled delta sigma A/D conversion of high-frequency narrow band signals using cascaded low-order stages to obtain high overall order of noise shaping is described. The architecture involves using resonators in individual stages to suppress quantization noise at the resonant frequency. Many of the problems of previous single stage high-order architectures including poor stability, large component spread and design complexity are overcome by this new approach. Switched capacitor resonator circuit implementations and simulation results for a sixth-order modulator example are included. Estimates of the potential for 16-bit A/D conversion of 2.5 MHz signals exceed the 80 KHz capability of existing monolithic oversampled CMOS A/Ds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The spatially modulated light detector (2002)

Summary form only given. We present a novel detector for high-speed light detection in standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). The device consists of a substrate wherein the light being absorbed is spatially modulated thereby creating a signal with a spatially modulated component in that substrate. A shadow mask spatially modulates the incident, and consequently, the absorbed light. By measuring the magnitude of the spatial frequency component in the minority carrier distribution, a fast detector is conceived.
Design and Synthesis of a New Class of Photochromic Diarylethene‐Containing Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrroles and Their Switchable Luminescence Properties (2009)

Switch the lights on and off! A new series of photochromic diarylethene-containing dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrroles has been synthesized through Suzuki cross-coupling reactions and characterized. They display significant photoswitching luminescence behavior upon UV excitation (see scheme). Photophysical, photochromic, electrochemical, and computational studies have also been performed.
Low-Cost, Single-Layer Relacement for the Back-Sheet and Encapsulant Layers: Preprint (2008)

Encapsulant materials are used in a variety of applications to isolate components, areas, or other materials from potentially stressful conditions that can adversely affect the performance of a device.
Fiber-optic waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor (2012)

A novel approach to give an excellent tunability and self-referencing capability was presented by applying a concept of waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance mode to a fiber-optic sensor. The presence of dielectric waveguide sandwiched between two metal layers made it possible to precisely tune the resonance wavelength in a broad range from visible to infrared region and to generate multiple modes which may be selectively used for suitable applications. Our approach also verified the potential capability of self-referencing based on a remarkable difference in sensitivity between the plasmonic and waveguide modes excited by p- and s-polarized lights, respectively, without using an additional reference channel. Experimental measurement carried out on sucrose solutions with varying concentration demonstrated the feasibility of our approach.
High accuracy optical character recognition using neural networks with centroid dithering (1995)

Optical character recognition (OCR) refers to a process whereby printed documents are transformed into ASCII files for the purpose of compact storage, editing, fast retrieval, and other file manipulations through the use of a computer. The recognition stage of an OCR process is made difficult by added noise, image distortion, and the various character typefaces, sizes, and fonts that a document may have. In this study a neural network approach is introduced to perform high accuracy recognition on multi-size and multi-font characters; a novel centroid-dithering training process with a low noise-sensitivity normalization procedure is used to achieve high accuracy results. The study consists of two parts. The first part focuses on single size and single font characters, and a two-layered neural network is trained to recognize the full set of 94 ASCII character images in 12-pt Courier font. The second part trades accuracy for additional font and size capability, and a larger two-layered neural network is trained to recognize the full set of 94 ASCII character images for all point sizes from 8 to 32 and for 12 commonly used fonts. The performance of these two networks is evaluated based on a database of more than one million character images from the testing data set.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complete exon structure of the ALL1 gene. (1996)

The ALL1 gene is found rearranged in approximately 10% of acute lymphoblastic leukemias and in over 5% of acute myeloid leukemias. The gene undergoes fusion with either a variety of partner genes located on different chromosomes or with itself. To further characterize the role of the ALL1 gene in the leukemogenic process, and possibly in solid malignancies, we defined its complete genomic structure. The gene, which spans a region on chromosome band 11q23 approximately 90 kb in length, consists of 36 exons, ranging in size from 65 bp to 4249 bp. The determination of intronic sequences flanking the exon boundaries will allow the determination of whether point mutations may be responsible for inactivation of the gene in solid tumors showing loss of heterozygosity at region 11q23.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel, Highly CO<sub>2</sub>-Soluble Chelating Agents for Removal of Metals (1996)

The environmentally benign nature of CO2 and the ever-increasing regulations on the use of conventional solvents present CO2 as a solvent of choice for extraction processes for remediation of contaminated media, as a substitute for CFCs in precision cleaning processes, etc. However, because of the low solubility of metal ions and conventional metal chelating agents, there has been only limited progress in use of CO2 as a solvent in the extraction of metals. Consequently, we have embarked on the molecular design and synthesis of several novel, highly CO2-soluble chelating agents. This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of these chelating agents that exhibit solubilities in excess of 100 mmol/L of CO2 at room temperature and pressures of 1100−2000 psi and extract as much as 98% of metals such as mercury, lead, arsenic, chromium, and iron from various matrices in laboratory-scale extractions that use pure CO2 as the solvent.
Substrate pump NMOS for ESD protection applications (2002)

The use of a substrate pump to achieve uniform npn protection in a multi-finger NMOS is reported for advanced CMOS technologies with silicide. The novel feature of this device technique is the implementation of a floating guardring to effectively pump the local substrate of the protection NMOS. SPICE simulations are presented to illustrate the device concept as well as the device design optimization.
Stem Cells in Dental Pulp of Deciduous Teeth (2011)

Dental pulp from deciduous (baby) teeth, which are discarded after exfoliation, represents an advantageous source of young stem cells. Herein, we discuss the methods of deciduous teeth stem cell (DTSC) isolation and cultivation. We show that based on these methods, at least three different stem cell populations can be identified: a population similar to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, an epithelial stem-like cells, and/or a mixed population composed of both cell types. We analyzed the embryonic origin and stem cell niche of DTSCs with respect to the advantages they can provide for their future use in cell therapies and regenerative medicine. In vitro and in vivo differentiation of the DTSC populations, their developmental potential, immunological compatibility, tissue engineering, and transplantation use in studies in animal models are also the focus of the current report. We briefly describe the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from DTSCs, which can be obtained more easily and efficiently in comparison with human fibroblasts. These iPS cells represent an interesting model for the investigation of pediatric diseases and disorders. The importance of DTSC banking is also discussed.
Preparation of Nitrogen‐Rich Nanolayered, Nanoclustered, and Nanodendritic Carbon Nitrides (2004)

Aus nichts als C- und N-Atomen besteht 4,4′,6,6′-Tetra(azido)azo-1,3,5-triazin. Die kontrollierte Pyrolyse dieser idealen Vorstufe ergibt neuartige stickstoffreiche Kohlenstoffnitride in der Form von Nanoschichten (C2N3), Nanoclustern (C3N5) oder Nanodendriten (C3N5, siehe SEM-Bild). Die Reaktionen laufen bei niedrigen Temperaturen und ohne Überdruck ab. Auf Vakuumtechnik, Extraktion, Carbonisierung oder Reinigungsschritte kann ebenso verzichtet werden.
Thin-film bulk acoustic resonators and filters using ZnO and lead-zirconium-titanate thin films (2001)

This paper presents the findings of a design, modeling, and fabrication study of ZnO and PbZr/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 0.7/O/sub 3/ thin-film bulk acoustic resonators and filters. Measurements of the high-frequency responses of ZnO resonators having different area are used to develop an acoustic model that accurately represents resonator impedance data. The models are also used to interpret S-parameter measurements on thin-film PbZr/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 0.7/O/sub 3/-based resonators and a value for the effective coupling coefficient deduced. ZnO and PbZr/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 0.7/O/sub 3/ ladder filters were designed based on measured impedance data from single resonators. Ladder filters based on PbZr/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 0.7/O/sub 3/ have been fabricated for the first time. It is shown that the high coupling coefficient in PbZr/sub 0.3/Ti/sub 0.7/O/sub 3/ leads to bandwidths in the range 100/spl sim/120 MHz at a center frequency of 1.6 GHz, larger than the bandwidths of ZnO-based filters.
Enhancing dissolved oxygen control using an on-line hybrid fuzzy-neural soft-sensing model-based control system in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process (2013)

An on-line hybrid fuzzy-neural soft-sensing model-based control system was developed to optimize dissolved oxygen concentration in a bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A(2)/O) process. In order to improve the performance of the control system, a self-adapted fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were employed. The proposed control system permits the on-line implementation of every operating strategy of the experimental system. A set of experiments involving variable hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent pH (pH), dissolved oxygen in the aerobic reactor (DO), and mixed-liquid return ratio (r) was carried out. Using the proposed system, the amount of COD in the effluent stabilized at the set-point and below. The improvement was achieved with optimum dissolved oxygen concentration because the performance of the treatment process was optimized using operating rules implemented in real time. The system allows various expert operational approaches to be deployed with the goal of minimizing organic substances in the outlet while using the minimum amount of energy.
Garcinia xanthochymus Benzophenones Promote Hyphal Apoptosis and Potentiate Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans Biofilms (2015)

ABSTRACT Xanthochymol and garcinol, isoprenylated benzophenones purified from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits, showed multiple activities against Candida albicans biofilms. Both compounds effectively prevented emergence of fungal germ tubes and were also cytostatic, with MICs of 1 to 3 μM. The compounds therefore inhibited development of hyphae and subsequent biofilm maturation. Xanthochymol treatment of developing and mature biofilms induced cell death. In early biofilm development, killing had the characteristics of apoptosis, including externalization of phosphatidyl serine and DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence. These activities resulted in failure of biofilm maturation and hyphal death in mature biofilms. In mature biofilms, xanthochymol and garcinol caused the death of biofilm hyphae, with 50% effective concentrations (EC 50 s) of 30 to 50 μM. Additionally, xanthochymol-mediated killing was complementary with fluconazole against mature biofilms, reducing the fluconazole EC 50 from >1,024 μg/ml to 13 μg/ml. Therefore, xanthochymol has potential as an adjuvant for antifungal treatments as well as in studies of fungal apoptosis.
On Interface Rate Allocation for a Fiber Aided Wireless Network Architecture (2006)

The concept of a fiber aided wireless network architecture (FAWNA) is introduced in [Ray et al., Allerton 2005], which allows high-speed mobile connectivity by leveraging the speed of optical networks. Reference [Ray et al., ISIT 2006] considers a single-input, multiple-output (SIMO) FAWNA: A SIMO wireless channel interfaced with an optical fiber through wireless-optical interfaces. Though the architecture is similar to that of the classical CEO problem, the problem is different from it. In this paper, we address the question of how rate should be allocated among the interfaces in a SIMO-FAWNA, i.e., how fiber capacity should be divided between the interfaces. The interface has noise from two sources, receiver front end and quantizer. We show that an optimal rate allocation is one which ensures that each interface gets enough rate so that its noise is dominated by front end noise rather than by quantizer distortion. This implies higher rates for interfaces seeing higher channel gains. After this rate requirement is met, SIMO-FAWNA capacity is almost invariant to allocation of left over fiber capacity. Hence, large capacity of the optical fiber ensures robustness of SIMO-FAWNA capacity to interface rate allocation. We also show that rather than dynamically changing rate allocation based on channel state, a fixed rate allocation scheme can be adopted with very small loss in capacity. This translates into considerable reduction in FAWNA complexity.
New surgical approach for intrascleral fixation using an intraocular lens with hook-shaped haptics (2018)

We report a new surgical technique of intrascleral posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) fixation using a newly developed hook-shaped haptic IOL (NX-70CH) and a 25-gauge loop-shaped haptic manipulator. Previous techniques of intrascleral PC IOL fixation had 2 major technical challenges; that is, externalization of the haptic and fixation of the haptic into the scleral tunnel. The new IOL and manipulator can facilitate externalization and secure fixation of the IOL haptic and can be used for suture fixation or implantation in the capsular bag in cases with presumed subluxated lens.
Breeding of Lupinus harvardii as a Specialty Cut Flower Crop (1996)

The Big Bend bluebonnet, Lupinus havardii Wats., is a showy winter annual native to a narrow geographical range in southwestern Texas with blue, fragrant 0.5–1.0-m-long racemes. The L. havardii raceme has considerable potential in the floral industry, because there is a need for high-quality, durable, raceme-type cut flowers. We began a research and breeding project in 1991 aimed at evaluating the potential for this species as a specialty cut flower. Breeding strategies included the development of selfed populations as well as random pollinations among selected individuals with the aim of improving flower color, uniformity, yield, and postharvest performance. Recurrent phenotypic selection has resulted in the development of blue, pink, and white color lines. Concurrently with the breeding efforts, research on seed germination, greenhouse culture for year-round production, postharvest handling, and shipping requirements have been conducted. Trials have indicated that L. havardii is adaptable to greenhouse culture and that individual plants can produce 15–25 marketable racemes within 4–5 months from sowing. Two years of commercial greenhouse trials have been completed. Blue and white cultivars will be released by Texas A&M Univ. within the next year.
Resonantly enhanced vacuum ultraviolet generation and multiphoton ionization in carbon monoxide gas* (1982)

Competition between three‐photon resonantly enhanced vacuum ultraviolet third‐harmonic generation and six‐photon multiphoton ionization using the A state in gaseous carbon monoxide is observed. Excitation spectra of the third‐harmonic emission exhibit increasing blue shifts and broadening with increasing pressure due to the phase matching requirements. Estimates for the efficiency and tunability show that third‐harmonic generation in carbon monoxide molecules is a promising source for coherent vacuum ultraviolet light.