gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of esterase in<i>Aspergillus flavus</i>during degradation of polyester polyurethane<sup>1</sup> (2013)

Polyurethane not only has applications including tires and insulation, but also is an essential element of our lives. Based on previous reports, some strains of fungus including Pestalotiopsis microspora have been reported to degrade this plastic. The ultimate objective is to create a genetically engineered variant of Pichia pastoris which will digest polyester polyurethane (PUR) using the enzyme responsible for PUR degradation from Aspergillus flavus ; this year we aim to identify the esterase, believed to be responsible for the biodegradation. The degradation of TPU (a granular form of thermoplastic PUR) and water-based PUR by A. flavus , was tested using incubation with shaking for one month. Although no significant weight loss was observed, the fungus was capable of growing on the water-based PUR as a food source. Esterase, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the water-based PUR, was observed in the water-based PUR lane of the Native PAGE gel and has a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa. Since the only difference between the experimental water-based lane and experimental TPU lane, was the esterase band, it can be confirmed that the degradation of the plastic and growth of fungus can be attributed to the esterase. Le polyuréthane a non seulement des applications dans la fabrication des pneus et pour l’isolation, mais est aussi un élément essentiel à notre vie. Conformément à des rapports antécédents, certaines souches de mycète, dont Pestalotiopsis microspora , ont su démontrer la dégradation du plastique. L’objectif ultime est la création d’un mutant du Pichia pastoris par génie génétique qui pourra digérer le polyester polyéthane (PUR) en utilisant l’enzyme responsable de la dégradation du PUR de l’Apergillus flavus ; cette année, nous visons à identifier l’estérase, soupçonnée d’être responsable de la biodégradation. La dégradation du TPU (une forme granulaire du PUR thermoplastique) et du PUR à base d’eau par A. flavus furent testées par incubation avec agitation pendant une durée d’un mois. Malgré aucune perte de poids significative observée, le mycète fut capable de croitre sur les PUR à base d’eau comme source alimentaire. L’estérase, l’enzyme responsible de la dégradation des PUR à base d’eau, fut observé dans le puits avec du PUR à base d’eau du gel PAGE (électrophorèse sur gel polyacrylamide) Native et a une masse moléculaire d’environ 20kDa. Étant donné que la seule différence entre le puits expérimental à base d’eau et le puits expérimental TPU était la bande d’estérase, on peut confirmer que la dégradation du plastique et la croissance du mycète peuvent être attribuées à l’estérase.
Clinical Features and Outcome of Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring <i>BRAF</i> Mutations (2011)

Purpose To investigate the prevalence, distribution, and prognostic role of BRAF mutations in a large cohort of white patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods A retrospective series of 1,046 NSCLCs—comprising 739 adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and 307 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs)—was investigated for BRAF mutations. High-resolution melting analysis followed by sequencing and strip hybridization assay were used. All patients were also analyzed for KRAS and EGFR mutations. Results BRAF mutations were present in 36 ADCs (4.9%) and one SCC (0.3%; P = .001). Twenty-one of the mutations (56.8%) were V600E, and 16 (43.2%) were non-V600E. V600E mutations were significantly more prevalent in females (16 of 187 patients; 8.6%) than in males (five of 552 patients; 0.9%), as indicated by multivariate logistic regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 11.29; P < .001). V600E-mutated tumors showed an aggressive histotype characterized by micropapillary features in 80% of patients and were significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival rates on both univariate (HR, 2.67; P < .001 and HR, 2.97; P < .001, respectively) and multivariate analyses (HR, 2.19; P = .011 and HR, 2.18; P = .014, respectively). All non-V600E mutations were found in smokers (P = .015) and were associated with neither clinicopathologic parameters nor prognosis. BRAF and EGFR were concomitantly mutated in two tumors. Conclusion We report for the first time to our knowledge that V600E and non-V600E BRAF mutations affect different patients with NSCLC. V600E mutations are significantly associated with female sex and represent a negative prognostic factor. In addition, we identified a number of other clinicopathologic parameters potentially useful for the selection of patients carrying BRAF mutations.
System in package (SiP) technology applications (2006)

System in package (SiP) and multichip package (MCP) in recent years have seen expanded applications in portable, consumer electronics as well as computing and telecommunications. Memory-related packages now occupy a large share of SiP. This paper uses the NAND and NOR flash memory technology and their SiP packages as example to illuminate the market trend and major applications of SiP. Some examples of SiP and MCP design for flash and SRAM, DRAM memory packages and digital memory cards are described as example. The manufacturing process, testing, cost, reliability concerns and future technology development outlook are discussed.
Defining the Field of Sequence‐Controlled Polymers (2017)

Over the last ten years, the development of synthetic polymers containing controlled monomer sequences has become a prominent topic in fundamental and applied polymer science. This emerging area is particularly broad and combines classical polymer chemistry tools with techniques imported from other domains such as biology, biochemistry, organic synthesis, engineering and bioanalytics. Consequently, it also generates new structures, terminologies and applications that are not within the traditional scope of polymer science. In this important context, the present chapter is an attempt to define, rationalize and classify the field of sequence-controlled polymers.
New Communesin Derivatives from the Fungus <i>Penicillium </i>sp<i>.</i> Derived from the Mediterranean Sponge <i>Axinella </i><i>v</i><i>errucosa</i> (2003)

The ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium sp., derived from the Mediterranean sponge Axinella verrucosa, yielded the known compound communesin B (1) and its new congeners communesins C (2) and D (3), as well as the known compounds griseofulvin, dechlorogriseofulvin, and oxaline. All structures were unambiguously established by 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. In several bioassays performed on different leukemia cell lines, the communesins exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity.
Amfibieën en reptielen: Hazelworm (2009)

De hazelworm lijkt een slang, maar is een pootloze hagedis. De hazelworm onderscheidt zich van slangen door onder andere de zeer kleine schubben en beweegbare oogleden. De vindplaatsen liggen voornamelijk in bos- en heidegebieden op de pleistocene zandgronden, onder zeeniveau ontbreekt de soort. De hazelworm is eierlevendbarend. Ze brengen veel tijd ondergronds of verscholen onder vegetatie of in schuilplaatsen door, waardoor ze relatief weinig worden waargenomen. Het aanbieden van schuilplaatsen bevordert de kans op waarnemingen.
Test method for the investigation of the susceptibility to cracking in near neutral pH solution (1999)

Susceptibility of steel pipes to cracking in near neutral solution is a relatively new observed kind of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in pipelines. The corrosion conditions are different from the well known alkali SCC. A qualified test method for steel in near neutral solution with simulated loading conditions for pipelines was not available and had to be developed. A special test equipment consists of a twin constant elongation rate tension (CERT) machine combined with a container for the fluid drive. A data collector was successfully developed. Tests with steel grade API 5L X 65 and the results are described in this paper. Loading conditions ranged from short to long saw-tooth cycles between 70 and 90% of the proof stress. Cracks with depths up to 40 μm were observed after the 60-day testing period. Die Empfindlichkeit von Stahlgroßrohren gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion (SCC) unter nahezu pH-neutralen Bedingungen wurde erst in den vergangenen Jahren beobachtet. Die Korrosionsbedingungen weichen von denen der bekannten SCC ab. Eine geeignete Prüfmethode für die Anfälligkeit von Stahl gegenüber dieser Korrosionsart muß Beanspruchungen berücksichtigen, die den Verhältnissen an der Rohrleitung weitgehend entsprechen. Eine geeignete Prüfeinrichtung, bestehend aus einer Zwillingszugprüfanlage mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit (CERT), einem Behälter für die Flüssigkeit und Meßdatenerfassung wurde erfolgreich entwickelt. Die mit der Stahlsorte API 5L X 65 durchgeführten Tests und die Ergebnisse werden beschrieben. Die Proben wurden schwingend in kurzen oder langen Sägezahnzyklen belastet, wobei das Belastungsminimum auf 70 und das Maximum auf 90 % der Streckgrenze festgelegt war. Am Ende der 60-tägigen Versuchsdauer wurden bis zu 40 μm tiefe Risse festgestellt.
DETAILED THERMAL AND FLOW FIELDS IN A RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH INCLINED RIBS (2023)

In the present study, the thermal and flow fields in a rectangular duct with aspect ratio of 1/8 are investigated experimentally using Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Circular ribs were attached staggered on the wide walls and the rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio was kept as 0.06 with an attack angle of 60°. Both laminar and turbulent cases were tested. The heat transfer distributions between adjacent inclined ribs were reconstructed by evaluation of the acquired liquid crystal images. A significant spanwise variation in heat transfer coefficient on the rib-roughened wall was observed, with high heat transfer coefficient at the upstream end of the rib and low levels at the other end. In the streamwise distribution between two consecutive ribs, the temperature distribution showed a sawtooth fashion at high Reynolds number. The PIV technique was then applied to perform the flow field measurements to catch the flow structures introduced by the ribs. The spanwise profile of the main flow velocity was found altered, and a secondary flow was detected over the cross section. The strong secondary flow resulted in a three-dimensional flow field. The flow separation zone behind each rib was observed at Re=5800, where the flow redevelops after the reattachment point. This flow behavior was responsible for the detailed distribution of the heat transfer coefficient.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Nuclear Mortalin in Human Carcinogenesis (2014)

The Hsp70 family protein mortalin is an essential chaperone that is frequently enriched in cancer cells and exists in various subcellular sites, including the mitochondrion, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytosol. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying its multiple subcellular localizations are not yet clear, their functional significance has been revealed by several studies. In this study, we examined the nuclear fractions of human cells and found that the malignantly transformed cells have more mortalin than the normal cells. We then generated a mortalin mutant that lacked a mitochondrial targeting signal peptide. It was largely localized in the nucleus, and, hence, is called nuclear mortalin (mot-N). Functional characterization of mot-N revealed that it efficiently protects cancer cells against endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. Furthermore, compared with the full-length mortalin overexpressing cancer cells, mot-N derivatives showed increased malignant properties, including higher proliferation rate, colony forming efficacy, motility, and tumor forming capacity both in in vitro and in vivo assays. We demonstrate that mot-N promotes carcinogenesis and cancer cell metastasis by inactivation of tumor suppressor protein p53 functions and by interaction and functional activation of telomerase and heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) proteins.
Senescence-associated changes in respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in primary human fibroblasts (2004)

Limitation of lifespan in replicative senescence is related to oxidative stress, which is probably both the cause and consequence of impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. The respiration of senescent human diploid fibroblasts was analysed by high-resolution respirometry. To rule out cell-cycle effects, proliferating and growth-arrested young fibroblasts were used as controls. Uncoupled respiration, as normalized to citrate synthase activity, remained unchanged, reflecting a constant capacity of the respiratory chain. Oligomycin-inhibited respiration, however, was significantly increased in mitochondria of senescent cells, indicating a lower coupling of electron transport with phosphorylation. In contrast, growth-arrested young fibroblasts exhibited a higher coupling state compared with proliferating controls. In intact cells, partial uncoupling may lead to either decreased oxidative ATP production or a compensatory increase in routine respiration. To distinguish between these alternatives, we subtracted oligomycin-inhibited respiration from routine respiration, which allowed us to determine the part of respiratory activity coupled with ATP production. Despite substantial differences in the respiratory control ratio, ranging from 4 to 11 in the different experimental groups, a fixed proportion of respiratory capacity was maintained for coupled oxidative phosphorylation in all the experimental groups. This finding indicates that the senescent cells fully compensate for increased proton leakage by enhanced electron-transport activity in the routine state. These results provide a new insight into age-associated defects in mitochondrial function and compensatory mechanisms in intact cells.
Real-time distributed software-in-the-loop simulation for distributed control systems (2003)

A realization method is suggested for real-time distributed software-in-the loop (DSIL) simulation for distributed control systems. The realization is composed of several personal computers for sub-plants and their controllers, an Ethernet network connecting them, and a general-purpose computer-aided control system design (CACSD) tool for the easy design of controllers. Requirements on real-time DSIL simulation are investigated in terms of network-related control issues and CACSD tool issues. CEMTool, a CACSD tool which is suitable for real-time DSIL simulation, is proposed for easy programming of control algorithm and plant dynamics and for their easy connection. To reduce a sampling interval and guarantee real time, a network scheduling algorithm is suggested for red-time DSIL simulation. It is demonstrated via an experiment of turbine-generator system that this real-time DSIL simulation is very useful for distributed control system design.
&#x210B;C-search for structured prediction in computer vision (2015)

The mainstream approach to structured prediction problems in computer vision is to learn an energy function such that the solution minimizes that function. At prediction time, this approach must solve an often-challenging optimization problem. Search-based methods provide an alternative that has the potential to achieve higher performance. These methods learn to control a search procedure that constructs and evaluates candidate solutions. The recently-developed ℋC-Search method has been shown to achieve state-of-the-art results in natural language processing, but mixed success when applied to vision problems. This paper studies whether ℋC-Search can achieve similarly competitive performance on basic vision tasks such as object detection, scene labeling, and monocular depth estimation, where the leading paradigm is energy minimization. To this end, we introduce a search operator suited to the vision domain that improves a candidate solution by probabilistically sampling likely object configurations in the scene from the hierarchical Berkeley segmentation. We complement this search operator by applying the DAgger algorithm to robustly train the search heuristic so it learns from its previous mistakes. Our evaluation shows that these improvements reduce the branching factor and search depth, and thus give a significant performance boost. Our state-of-the-art results on scene labeling and depth estimation suggest that ℋC-Search provides a suitable tool for learning and inference in vision.
Buildings (2017)

This chapter presents the co-benefit framework for the building sector and derives its Avoid-Shift-Improve (A-S-I) analogues. It draws heavily on the Chinese experience of promoting co-benefits in the building sector to understand how the interplay between legislation, technology and behaviour change can generate co-benefits. The chapter also presents two cases. The first compares two projects by looking at the co-benefits of energy conservation, carbon reduction and cost saving achieved in a commercial store and within a commercial and office development in China and Japan, respectively. The second case study looks at an innovative Avoid strategy of the first city-level cap and trade system in Tokyo, part of the largest urban agglomeration in the world. The A-S-I methodology in the building sector is critical because of the strong links to both the land-use and the energy sectors. Moreover, climate change and environmental degradation are global issues and international collaboration and efforts are needed.
Clinical Tolerance 2008 (2009)

In 2008, three publications highlighted the transition of tolerance from experimental to experiential. These included the first study to both anticipate and reproducibly deliver human leukocyte antigen-disparate allograft survival without continuous immunosuppressive drug administration. The other two highlighted unique episodes of clinical tolerance. The results from these studies are summarized and discussed.
The improved Hydrogen Storage Performances of the Multi-Component Composite: 2Mg(NH2)2–3LiH–LiBH4 (2015)

2Mg(NH2)2–3LiH–LiBH4 composite exhibits an improved kinetic and thermodynamic properties in hydrogen storage in comparison with 2Mg(NH2)2–3LiH. The peak temperature of hydrogen desorption drops about 10 K and the peak width shrinks about 50 K compared with the neat 2Mg(NH2)2–3LiH. Its isothermal dehydrogenation and re-hydrogenation rates are respectively 2 times and 18 times as fast as those of 2Mg(NH2)2–3LiH. A slope desorption region with higher equilibrium pressure is observed. By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, the existence of Li2BNH6 is identified and its roles in kinetic and thermodynamic enhancement are discussed.
Primary Cutaneous Aspergillosis Associated with Hickman Intravenous Catheters (1987)

We describe nine patients with underlying hematologic cancer in whom primary cutaneous aspergillosis developed at the sites of Hickman intravenous catheters. Our patients, 17 to 74 years of age, were all immunocompromised either from their primary disease or from chemotherapy, and the Hickman catheters had been placed to provide venous access for chemotherapy or hyperalimentation or both. Clinical signs of infection included erythema, induration, and cutaneous or subcutaneous necrosis at the point of entry into the subclavian vein, in the subcutaneous tunnel, or at the exit site from the skin. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive wound culture for Aspergillus flavus in all but one patient. Treatment consisted of intravenous amphotericin B, oral flucytosine, and local wound care. Three patients recovered completely without operative débridement; three others recovered after operative débridement and delayed grafting. Two patients died of disseminated aspergillosis, and one died of unrelated causes while recovering from primary cutaneous aspergillosis. Successful treatment required resolution of aplasia or leukopenia, catheter removal, systemic treatment with amphotericin B, and local wound care. We conclude that primary cutaneous aspergillosis, a rare infection, may occur at the sites of Hickman catheters in immunocompromised patients, and that it is a serious complication requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Parameterized Collision Tolerant Scheduling for Broadcast Latency Minimization in Duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

Broadcast latency minimization is one of the most important problems in duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In order to minimize the broadcast latency, recent scheduling schemes prefer to schedule transmissions to nodes along critical paths of a network. Nodes in a critical path are referred as critical nodes and other nodes is referred as non-critical ones. The schemes are typically motivated to find a collision-free broadcast schedule to ensure their completions, i.e. all nodes receive a broadcast message collision-freely. Observing that any delay on transmission to a critical node will result in an increase of the overall broadcast latency, we propose a novel broadcast scheduling, named Parameterized Collision Tolerant Scheduling (PCTS), that allows collision at non-critical nodes to speed up the broadcast process for critical ones. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces broadcast latency compared with the existing schemes, and slightly increases the number of transmissions due to retransmission.
Flash Ladar Flight Testing and Pathway to UAV Deployment (2010)

th Generation Flash Ladar system which produces real-time, 3-dimensional (3D) video in all lighting conditions has been demonstrated to be a significant enabler to enhance the mission capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). These new capabilities include enhanced Intelligence, Reconnaissance and Surveillance (ISR), Automated Target Recognition (ATR), improved situational awareness, GPS denied (terrain relative) navigation, 3D surface mapping, surface change detection (detection of buried improvised explosive devices), camouflage penetration, autonomous aerial refueling and autonomous landing. Ball Aerospace 5 th Generation Flash Ladar system has benefited from over 6 years of development, is compact, modular, and has been demonstrated to be easily integrated and flight-tested on both fixed-wing and rotorcraft with different optical configurations. This paper presents the results of airborne test activities and sample imagery of our 5 th Generation system and discusses options for repackaging and integrating the system into UAV platforms. I. Introduction all Aerospace has significant experience in providing ladar systems for remote sensing applications. NASA’s CALIPSO lidar was built by Ball and has celebrated a number of operational milestones, including an extension of the 3-year initial mission lifetime and over 1 billion laser firings and associated atmospheric measurements. Further, Ball Aerospace is developing the flash ladar navigation system for NASA’s space exploration missions. These programs leverage Ball’s extensive understanding of ladar systems, real time image processing algorithms, guidance, navigation and control algorithms, laser system engineering, and the phenomenology being exploited. 1