gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple nonlinear gain scheduling method in digital PWM converter control (2009)

In this paper, we analyze a simple, yet effective nonlinear digital control approach -- gain scheduling of the A/D converter, in PWM converters to achieve system stability and improved dynamic performance. It is shown that a nonlinear gain scheduling could be conveniently realized and implemented, e.g. right after the A/D converter in digital controlled PWM converters. Several simple gain scheduling schemes are analyzed with describing function method, and associated gains are derived and provided. Experimental results on a FPGA system showed that the Buck converter transient response could be improved via nonlinear gain scheduling method. However, in Boost and Buck-Boost converters, it is necessary to make proper controller adjustment (pole and zero) so that the system stability is guaranteed not only with normal gain, but also with reduced gain.
<title>Optical polyimides for single-mode waveguides</title> (1993)

The synthesis and optical characterization of fluorinated polyimide systems with potential use in passive waveguides and electro-optic devices is reported. The effect of fluorination on optical properties such as refractive index, birefringence, and near-infrared absorbance is reviewed in terms of optical performance requirements. Synthetic methods of tuning the refractive index in order to achieve appropriate core/cladding differentials is discussed. The relation between processing parameters and refractive index for several polyimide structures also is reported. We describe the microlithographic fabrication of a multilayer polyimide rib- type waveguide that is suitable for single mode guiding. The waveguide is fabricated using photosensitive polyimide systems via negative resist imaging. A comparison of wall profiles and resolution limits afforded by the wet-chemical patterning techniques is presented. Results on channel guide coupling, propagation, and loss are described, as well as progress in producing active guides.
Structure of an immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium knowlesi (1984)

Previous studies have shown that the immunodominant region of the circumsporozoite surface (CS) protein of Plasmodium knowlesi is contained within a tandemly repeated dodecapeptide: Gln-Ala-Gln-Gly-Asp-Gly-Ala-Asn-Ala-Gly-Gln-Pro. We show here that the CS protein epitopes reacting with six monoclonal antibodies raised against the intact parasite are represented in a synthetic tandem repeat of this dodecapeptide. The specificity of four of these antibodies was studied further by preparing synthetic peptides corresponding to overlapping regions of the repeats and measuring their ability to inhibit the specific interaction between the antibodies and CS proteins. We find that three antibodies have very similar patterns of reactivity with this series of peptides and that they define an epitope of eight amino acids (Gly-Asp-Gly-Ala-Asn-Ala-Gly-Gln) within the dodecapeptide. The remaining antibody probably recognizes a configurational epitope formed by a tandem repeat of the dodecapeptide.
An Implementation of Multiple and Multivariate Fourier Transforms on Vector Processors (1995)

Several algorithms for multiple and multivariate complex Fourier transforms are suggested. They use little or no scratch space, i.e., they are essentially in-place. Furthermore, they display high levels of regular parallelism needed for vector-parallel computers. Data access is mainly by stride 1. These algorithms correspond to matrix factorizations using transposition permutations. An essential tool used in defining the permutations and the factorizations are Kronecker products. The suggested algorithms are combined with a method for one-dimensional fast Fourier transforms which is also in-place and accesses data with stride 1. Although the number of floating point operations and the total degree of parallelism is left unchanged by the methods used here, data access is much more regular. This is reflected in substantially lower values of a new indicator called loop overhead indicator and often by execution times approximately 2 to 5 times lower, even for moderate problem sizes on the Fujitsu VP 2200, compared to the implementation of the fundamental tensor product factorization.
Hypoglycemic effect of a novel dialysed fenugreek seeds extract is sustainable and is mediated, in part, by the activation of hepatic enzymes (2008)

A novel preparation of a dialysed aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (FSE) that stimulates the insulin signalling pathway was reported previously (Vijayakumar et al., 2005). The present study was designed to investigate the long-term effects (multiple dose effect) of this FSE preparation on the blood glucose level and body weight, and a short-term effect (single dose effect) on serum insulin and hepatic enzymes, in experimentally induced diabetic conditions. The multiple dose effect of FSE on the glucose level and body weight was studied in alloxan (AXN)-diabetic mice in comparison with the vehicle treated control diabetic mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of FSE (15 mg/kg body weight (BW)) for 5 consecutive days reduced hyperglycemia in AXN-diabetic mice on day 5 and this effect was further sustained for 10 days. The FSE-induced hypoglycemic effect was accompanied without any reduction in the body weight compared with the diabetic mice in which the body weight was reduced significantly. A single dose effect of FSE on hepatic glucokinase (GK) and hexokinase (HK) enzymes was studied in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice. Intraperitoneal administration of FSE (15 mg/kg BW) by 90 min decreased the blood glucose levels significantly (p < 0.01) in STZ-diabetic mice and the effect was comparable to that achieved by insulin (1.5 U/kg BW) injection. This effect was associated with a significant enhancement in the liver GK and HK activities on a par with that of insulin. In normal glucose loaded mice, FSE improved the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance accompanied by a reduction in serum insulin concentration. These results are indicative of an extra-pancreatic mode of action of FSE. The present study concludes that this novel FSE preparation corrects metabolic alterations associated with diabetes by exhibiting insulin-like properties and has a potential for clinical applications.
The Encephalophone: A Novel Musical Biofeedback Device using Conscious Control of Electroencephalogram (EEG) (2017)

A novel musical instrument and biofeedback device was created using electroencephalogram (EEG) posterior dominant rhythm (PDR) or mu rhythm to control a synthesized piano, which we call the Encephalophone. Alpha-frequency (8-12 Hz) signal power from PDR in the visual cortex or from mu rhythm in the motor cortex was used to create a power scale which was then converted into a musical scale, which could be manipulated by the individual in real time. Subjects could then generate different notes of the scale by activation (event-related synchronization) or de-activation (event-related desynchronization) of the PDR or mu rhythms in visual or motor cortex, respectively. 15 novice normal subjects were tested in their ability to hit target notes presented within a five-minute trial period. All 15 subjects were able to perform more accurately (average of 27.4 hits, 67.1% accuracy for visual cortex/PDR signaling; average of 20.6 hits, 57.1% accuracy for mu signaling) than random note generation (19.03% accuracy). Moreover, PDR control was significantly more accurate than mu control. This shows that novice healthy individuals can control music with better accuracy than random, with no prior training on the device, and that PDR control is more accurate than mu control for these novices. Individuals with more years of musical training showed a moderate positive correlation with more PDR accuracy, but not mu accuracy. The Encephalophone may have potential applications both as a novel musical instrument without requiring movement, as well as a potential therapeutic biofeedback device for patients suffering from motor deficits (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, traumatic amputation).
Industrial applications of lignin-transforming enzymes (1987)

Abstract Lignin-degrading and modifying enzymes are produced under specific culture conditions by white-rot fungi. Most of these enzymes are excreted into the extracellular environment and can be purified from culture supernatant. At RepliGen we have characterized many of the extracellular proteins from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Industrial application potentials for these enzymes are predicted to be in the chemical industry, pulp and paper industry, and perhaps in pollution control. The isolation and characterization of enzymes that catalyse specific reactions on kraft lignins and lignosulphonates will be discussed. These reactions include (1) a polymerizing—depolymerizing activity that changes the size of the lignin substrate and (2) a decolorizing reaction that reduces chromophoric groups in lignin. Kraft lignin and lignosulphonates have many diverse commercial applications because of their dual properties of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. They could have broad use if modified, as in the above reactions, in an efficient manner. The development of enzyme systems may provide just such efficient reactions.
Tailored Immunogens Direct Affinity Maturation toward HIV Neutralizing Antibodies (2016)

Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a primary goal of HIV vaccine development. VRC01-class bnAbs are important vaccine leads because their precursor B cells targeted by an engineered priming immunogen are relatively common among humans. This priming immunogen has demonstrated the ability to initiate a bnAb response in animal models, but recall and maturation toward bnAb development has not been shown. Here, we report the development of boosting immunogens designed to guide the genetic and functional maturation of previously primed VRC01-class precursors. Boosting a transgenic mouse model expressing germline VRC01 heavy chains produced broad neutralization of near-native isolates (N276A) and weak neutralization of fully native HIV. Functional and genetic characteristics indicate that the boosted mAbs are consistent with partially mature VRC01-class antibodies and place them on a maturation trajectory that leads toward mature VRC01-class bnAbs. The results show how reductionist sequential immunization can guide maturation of HIV bnAb responses.
Class-D Audio Amplifiers in Mobile Applications (2010)

A comparative system-level overview is given of alternative class-D amplifier architectures. The theory behind pulsewidth modulation and different modulation schemes is discussed. Topological alternatives such as open-loop versus feedback and fixed-carrier versus self-oscillating are analyzed and compared in terms of relevant characteristics, such as distortion, power supply rejection, efficiency, and electromagnetic interference. The combination of digital-to-analog conversion and class-D amplifiers is discussed. Experimental results of an integrated circuit based on a simple architecture that combines the benefits of digital input with an analog feedback loop are presented.
ATM splicing variants as biomarkers for low dose dexamethasone treatment of A-T (2017)

For the first time, the expression of ATM splicing variants, similar to those previously observed in vitro, has been found in the PBMCs of patients treated with EryDex. These findings show a correlation between the expression of ATMdexa1 transcripts and the clinical response to low dose dexamethasone administration.
Ion-implanted PLZT for photoferroelectric image storage and display devices (1980)

Abstract A substantial increase in photoferroelectric image storage sensitivity has been achieved in ferroelectric-phase PLZT ceramics by implanting protons (H+ ions) into the image storage surfaces. The 10- to 100-fold increase in sensitivity is attributed to increased densities of carrier photoexcitation and trapping centers and to an increase in photon absorption in the near-UV. Preliminary measurements indicate that these effects are primarily caused by implantation-produced disorder.
FinFET SCR: Design challenges and novel fin SCR approaches for on-chip ESD protection (2017)

For the first time, physical insights into the missing SCR action in planar equivalent Fin SCR devices with the help of TCAD are presented, which has leveraged exploring challenges and fundamental roadblock in designing Fin SCRs. Key role of contact silicidation in Fin technology is discovered. The new understanding has allowed engineering conventional designs to resume SCR action. Finally, a novel Fin SCR design is disclosed, which offers an area efficient current conduction beside device scalability.
Methods of Purification of Heat Shock Protein-Peptide Complexes for Use as Vaccines Against Cancers and Infectious Diseases (2003)

Immunization of mice, with preparations of heat shock proteins (HSPs) isolated from tumors or virus-infected cells, has been shown to elicit specific protective immunity against the tumor or the virus-infected cells used as the source of the HSP. This phenomenon has been shown to be general, in that specific immunogenicity of tumor-derived HSP preparations has been demonstrated in the cases of hepatoma (), fibrosarcoma (-), lung carcinoma (), prostate cancer (), spindle cell carcinoma (), colon carcinoma (), and melanoma (), in mice and rats of different haplotypes. These tumors include chemically induced (-), UV-induced () and spontaneous tumors (), and efficacy has been demonstrated in prophylactic (-,,) as well as in therapeutic models (). In the case of viral models, HSP preparations from cognate cells have been shown to elicit a virus-specific cellular immune response against influenza virus (), SV40 (), vesicular stomatitis virus () and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (). HSP preparations from cells transfected with model antigens (Ags) such as ovalbumin and β-galactosidase have been shown to elicit Ag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL)s against ovalbumin () or β-galactosidase, respectively ()The immunogenicity of HSP-peptide complexes has obvious applications in vaccination against cancers and infectious diseases (). With respect to cancers, HSP-peptide complexes isolated from a patient’s cancer can serve as customized, patient-specific therapeutic vaccines ().
Genetically defined human in mouse (HIM) model: A novel breast cancer model system that progresses in vivo and exhibits phenotypic variation (2007)

A96 Although human cancer cell line-derived xenografts have traditionally been the in vivo models of cancer, they typically have limited utility for predicting clinical response. Cell culture conditions for maintaining cancer cell lines impart strong selection pressures that are different from those experienced in vivo. Here, we sought to generate an in vivo model of human in mouse (HIM) by employing a unique tissue reconstitution system comprised of human breast stromal cells and epithelial organoids engineered with defined genetic elements.  >In this HIM model, human breast epithelial organoids were isolated from mammoplasty specimen, engineered with defined genetic elements by lenti-viral infection, and reconstituted with human breast fibroblasts in cleared mouse mammary fat pads.  >Depending on genetic elements introduced, the tissue reconstitutes gave rise to human breast tissue outgrowths ranging from hyperplasia to DCIS to invasive carcinomas. In striking contrast to the requirement of hTERT transduction for culture-based transformation assay using human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), these primary HIM tumors exhibited spontaneous activation of endogenous telomerase. As seen in human, tumors in the HIM model system go through the multi-step tumor genesis process ranging from normal/hyperplasia, to DCIS-like, to invasive carcinoma. Consistent with the critical role of the microenvironment in human breast cancer pathobiology, HIM tumor development was highly dependent on specialized stromal fibroblasts. In addition, significant variation in histology was observed among tumors generated with the same set of genetic alterations. Preliminary clinical drug testing studies were initiated on this HIM model, and immediate response was observed upon treating HER2-driven tissue transgenic tumors with HER2 antagonist, such as Transtuzumab.  >The HIM model provides a defined genetic and biological system in which to explore the molecular genetics of human breast cancer.
Paper #40: A Standardized Pivot Shift Test and Newly Developed iPad Application Can Quantify ACL Injury in Patients (2013)

This study introduces a new iPad application to quantify the pivot shift test. First results of clinical use in patients with ACL deficiency are presented.
Pharmacological Characterization of Novel High Affinity CGRP Receptor Antagonists that are Selective for Human CGRP Receptors (2006)

Human‐α‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid residue peptide produced from alternative splicing of the calcitonin gene. CGRP mediates vascular relaxation and other effects through CGRP receptors, which activate adenylyl cyclase. We found that benzoylation of the N‐terminus and benzylation of the His 10 side‐chain of the antagonist CGRP(8‐37) produced a high affinity antagonist with selectivity for human CGRP receptors. CGRP(8‐37) was synthesized on a p‐ MBHA resin by rapid assembly methods using Boc‐chemistry and in situ neutralization solid phase peptide synthesis. His 10 benzylation was accomplished by reaction with benzyl bromide and N‐terminal acylation was accomplished by reaction with benzoic anhydride. The peptide was cleaved form the resin using TFMSA, purified by reversed‐phase HPLC to > 98% and characterized by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry. CGRP(8‐37), N‐benzoyl‐CGRP(8‐37) and N‐benzoyl‐(His 10 ‐benzyl)‐CGRP(8‐37) produced concentration dependent inhibition of CGRP‐mediated vasodilation of mouse thoracic aortas studied in vitro , with K B values of 1000.3, 88.9 and 22.9 nM, respectively. These antagonists also produced concentration dependent inhibition of CGRP‐mediated cAMP production in human SK‐MC cells with K B values of 797.0, 15.4 and 0.65 nM, respectively. N‐terminus benzoylation combined with His 10 benzylation significantly increased the affinity and selectivity for human SK‐N‐MC cells. Thus, this antagonist inhibited CGRP‐mediated responses in vitro and may be a useful tool to investigate CGRP‐mediated functional responses in human tissue.
A Formal Approach to Requirements-Based Programming (2005)

No significant general-purpose method is currently available to mechanically transform system requirements into a provably equivalent model. The widespread use of such a method represents a necessary step toward high-dependability system engineering for numerous application domains. Current tools and methods that start with a formal model of a system and mechanically produce a provably equivalent implementation are valuable but not sufficient. The "gap" unfilled by such tools and methods is that the formal models cannot be proven to be equivalent to the requirements. We offer a method for mechanically transforming requirements into a provably equivalent formal model that can be used as the basis for code generation and other transformations. This method is unique in offering full mathematical tractability while using notations and techniques that are well known and well trusted. Finally, we describe further application areas we are investigating for use of the approach.
Scale invariant sillhouette features (2013)

In this study, a feature extractor and a global descriptor for closed planar curves, i.e. silhouettes, are proposed. Initially, the closed curve is arc-length sampled and the Gaussian scale-space is constructed. Using the absolute curvature values and orientations of the curves within the higher scale levels, scale invariant features are obtained. These features are transformed into a global descriptor, namely the feature images, and shape recognition is performed. The proposed method is evaluated using a ship silhouette image set and the results show good success rates with low computation burden.
Survey on Secure Search Over Encrypted Data on the Cloud (2018)

Cloud computing has become a potential resource for businesses and individuals to outsource their data to remote but highly accessible servers. However, potentials of the cloud services have not been fully unleashed due to users' concerns about security and privacy of their data in the cloud. User-side encryption techniques can be employed to mitigate the security concerns. Nonetheless, once the data in encrypted, no processing (e.g., searching) can be performed on the outsourced data. Searchable Encryption (SE) techniques have been widely studied to enable searching on the data while they are encrypted. These techniques enable various types of search on the encrypted data and offer different levels of security. In addition, although these techniques enable different search types and vary in details, they share similarities in their components and architectures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on different secure search techniques; a high-level architecture for these systems, and an analysis of their performance and security level.
Protein–protein interface-binding peptides inhibit the cancer therapy target human thymidylate synthase (2011)

Human thymidylate synthase is a homodimeric enzyme that plays a key role in DNA synthesis and is a target for several clinically important anticancer drugs that bind to its active site. We have designed peptides to specifically target its dimer interface. Here we show through X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic, kinetic, and calorimetric evidence that the peptides do indeed bind at the interface of the dimeric protein and stabilize its di-inactive form. The "LR" peptide binds at a previously unknown binding site and shows a previously undescribed mechanism for the allosteric inhibition of a homodimeric enzyme. It inhibits the intracellular enzyme in ovarian cancer cells and reduces cellular growth at low micromolar concentrations in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells without causing protein overexpression. This peptide demonstrates the potential of allosteric inhibition of hTS for overcoming platinum drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
Novel Statistical Post Processing to Improve Blood Pressure Estimation from Smartphone Photoplethysmogram (2017)

Blood pressure (BP) is considered to be an important biomarker for cardiac risk estimation. This paper deals with a non-conventional way of estimating BP using smartphone captured Photoplethysmogram (PPG) that enables unobtrusive health monitoring at home for possible alert generation. We have proposed a set of features that are independent to the inbuilt sensor of the capturing device. It is also observed that, BP estimated from a typical smartphone PPG signal fluctuates in successive cardiac cycles due to poor signal quality compared to a medical grade device. Hence, a novel post processing block is introduced, that rejects data depending on the BP distribution over all cardiac cycles in a session. Finally, Half Range Mode is used as a statistical average for the accepted sessions. This post processing methodology outperforms standard statistical averages in providing a better representative BP per session. The methodology yields mean absolute errors of 7.4% and 9.1% for predicting systolic and diastolic pressure respectively when validated over a dataset with a wide variation of BP.
Monolithic device for carrier-envelope phase stabilization (2005)

A new scheme for stabilizing the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a few-cycle laser pulse train is demonstrated. Self-phase modulation and difference-frequency generation in a single periodically-poled crystal allows CEP locking directly in the usable output.