gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct patterns of matrix metalloproteinase expression in human stromal cells (2007)

B195 The interaction between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells plays an important role in the growth of tumors, as well as in subsequent metastasis. Invasion of the surrounding tissue by malignant cells is a complex process mediated by matrix degrading enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of metal-dependent endopeptidases, which play a key role in degradation of extracellular and basement membranes. Increased secretion of these proteinases has been associated with invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, in many solid tumors the expression of MMPs is higher in stromal cells than in the tumor cells per se, suggesting stromal cells as the major source of these enzymes. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are two members of this class whose secretion is elevated in several types of human cancers. The expression of MMPs is regulated by cytokines and signal transduction pathways, including those activated by PMA. The aim of the this study was to examine (1) the pattern of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in human stromal cells and the effect of PMA on their secretion, and (2) to determine if either is preferentially expressed in cells of tissues of different origin. The overall goal was to examine the possibility of MMPs as targets for cancer therapy. Fifteen human stromal cells (obtained from ATCC) of epithelial and connective tissue origin were selected, since carcinomas and sarcomas are derived from these two tissue types respectively. They were cultured in the recommended media and supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics in 24-well tissue culture plates. At near confluence, the cells were washed and fresh medium added. A parallel set of cultures was treated with PMA. After 24h incubation, the media were collected and analyzed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 by gelatinase zymography. The results indicate that stromal cells fall into two groups: (1) those secreting only MMP-2 and not stimulated by PMA, and (2) those secreting both MMP-2 and MMP-9 with PMA stimulation of MMP-9 secretion alone. In conclusion, stromal cells, regardless of tissue of origin, secrete MMP-2. PMA has no effect on secretion of MMP-9 of epithelial origin, but induces MMP-9 secretion of connective tissue cell lines. These results suggest the possiblity that these enzymes are differentially regulated and that an understanding of this may open up avenues to use these enzymes as targets for therapy.
Low error fixed-width CSD multiplier with efficient sign extension (2003)

This paper presents an error compensation method for fixed-width canonic signed digit (CSD) multipliers that receive a W-bit input and produce a W-bit product. To efficiently compensate for the quantization error, the truncated bits are divided into two groups (major group and minor group) depending upon their effects on the quantization error. The desired error compensation bias is first expressed in terms of the truncated bits in the major group. Then the effects of the other truncated bits in the minor group are taken care of by a probabilistic estimation. Also, an efficient sign extension reduction method applied to the fixed-width CSD multipliers is proposed. By simulations, it is shown that 25% reduction in the truncation error and 13% hardware complexity can be achieved by the proposed error compensation and sign extension reduction methods, respectively.
High-performance integral-imaging-based light field augmented reality display (2018)

A new design of a head-mounted optical see-through light field display based on integral imaging is proposed to achieve both a wide see-through view and a high resolution light field display over a large depth volume. The design, which incorporates custom-designed freeform optics, a tunable lens and an aperture array, offers a true 3D display view of 30° by 18° in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and a crosstalk-free eyebox of 6mm by 6mm. Owning to the capability of dynamically tuning the position of the central depth plane using the tunable lens, the virtual display is able to render the light field of a true 3D scene and maintains the spatial resolution of 3 arc minutes across a depth range of over 3 diopters. Due to the unique design of the freeform eyepiece, the see-through optics provides a field of view of 65° by 40° with an angular resolution as high as 0.5 arc minutes and very low distortion to the see-through view.
Technical Note: Cortical thickness and density estimation from clinical CT using a prior thickness‐density relationship (2016)

This method might be a promising approach for the quantification of cortical bone thickness and density using clinical routine imaging techniques. Future work will concentrate on investigating how this approach can improve the estimation of mechanical strength of bony structures, the prevention of fracture, and the management of osteoporosis.
Gradient index antireflection coatings on glass containing plasma-etched organic layers (2015)

S.1259-1265
Silk - new opportunities in optics and photonics for an ancient material (2011)

Summary form only given. Famous for its use in clothing since early times, silk is now finding new applications as a useful biocompatible material platform with utility in photonics and electronics. The paper illustrates how purified silkworm silk can be reassembled in high quality, micro and nanostructured optical and optoelectronic elements composed of the organic, biocompatible and implantable protein matrix.
A hardware/software co-design case study on MPEG AAC audio decoder (2005)

This paper presents a hardware/software co-design method for the implementation of AAC audio decoder. We present the approach not only for the characteristics of the algorithm, but also provide the numerical decision for evaluation of the various approaches. The overall system is first analysed and profiled with ARM profiler. Then the decoder system is partitioned into software part and hardware part respectively based on the property of analysis. The software part is developed for the implementation of intensive decision making operations needed for audio bitstreams. The hardware part is a dedicated hardware for the regular and computation-intensive operations in AAC audio decoding.
The Synthesis of Fluorine Containing Phenyl Benzoates and Their Properties as Liquid Crystals (1981)

Abstract A new series of fluorine containing phenyl benzoates has been synthesized and the transition temperatures of these compounds have been determined. A series of 4-trifluoromethylphe 4nyl 4-n-alkybenzoates showed no liquid crystalline behaviour, but the 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 4-n-alkoxybenzoates series, with six carbons or more in alkoxy chain, was mesomorphic. The 4-cyanophenyl 4-perfluoroalkylbenzoates showed smectic liquid crystalline properties.
An 802.11p Cross-Layered Pilot Scheme for Time- and Frequency-Varying Channels and Its Hardware Implementation (2016)

Robust channel estimation in IEEE 802.11p systems in highly time- and frequency-varying vehicular channels, in combination with long data packets, is a challenging task due to the ill-suited pilot pattern. Solutions of increased receiver complexity that use decision feedback and iterative decoding have been proposed to overcome the difficulty in robust channel estimation. In this paper, a cross-layered method to introduce complementary training symbols into an 802.11p frame is proposed. In the proposed approach, known bits are multiplexed with the data in higher layers, and a modified receiver can utilize these bits as training data for improved channel estimation. A standard receiver treats these bits as data and passes them to the higher layers, where they can be removed, making the method compatible with standard 802.11p transceivers. A software/firmware update of the higher layers is needed in a standard receiver to remove the multiplexed bits. A modified receiver with low-complexity channel estimation schemes that utilizes the complementary training symbols is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. Frame error rate (FER) measurements have been performed by interfacing the hardware implementation with a channel emulator. The measurement results follow the computer simulation results, validating the hardware implementation. Moreover, measurement results show that the modified receiver follows the performance of an ideal receiver that has full knowledge of the channel (with only an offset in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) and significantly outperforms the commercial 802.11p transceiver we tested.
Use and advancements of assistive technology in automation for the visually-impaired workforce (2018)

A method of simplifying automated testing within an integrated development environment (IDE) for a user having a visual impairment is disclosed. An access mechanism is provided for selecting automated testing scripts from within the IDE by responding to audio communications describing one or more access commands. An execution mechanism is provided to the user for executing one or more of the selected automated testing scripts. A result mechanism is provided to the user, the result mechanism including a summary of a result of the executing of the one or more selected testing scripts, the summary based on an analysis of console output of the IDE, the analysis including performing feature extraction and natural language processing on the console output to generate a natural language description of the result. An action mechanism is provided to perform an additional action that is selected based on the type of the result.
A Memristor Device Model (2011)

This letter proposes a new mathematical model for memristor devices. It builds on existing models and is correlated against several published device characterizations. This letter identifies significant discrepancies between the existing models and published device characterization data. The proposed model addresses these discrepancies. In particular, it allows modeling of memristor-based neuromorphic systems.
Vibration parameter estimation using FMCW radar (2016)

Vibration sensing is essential in many applications. Traditional vibration sensors are contact based. With the advance of low-cost and highly integrated CMOS radars, another class of non-contact vibration sensors is emerging. In this paper, we present detailed analysis on obtaining vibration parameters using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars. We establish the Cramer Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of the parameter estimation problem and propose an estimation algorithm that achieves the bounds in simulations. These analysis show that vibration sensing using FMCW radars can easily achieve sub-Hertz frequency accuracy and micrometer level amplitude accuracy.
MCDB (2008)

To deal with data uncertainty, existing probabilistic database systems augment tuples with attribute-level or tuple-level probability values, which are loaded into the database along with the data itself. This approach can severely limit the system's ability to gracefully handle complex or unforeseen types of uncertainty, and does not permit the uncertainty model to be dynamically parameterized according to the current state of the database. We introduce MCDB, a system for managing uncertain data that is based on a Monte Carlo approach. MCDB represents uncertainty via "VG functions," which are used to pseudorandomly generate realized values for uncertain attributes. VG functions can be parameterized on the results of SQL queries over "parameter tables" that are stored in the database, facilitating what-if analyses. By storing parameters, and not probabilities, and by estimating, rather than exactly computing, the probability distribution over possible query answers, MCDB avoids many of the limitations of prior systems. For example, MCDB can easily handle arbitrary joint probability distributions over discrete or continuous attributes, arbitrarily complex SQL queries, and arbitrary functionals of the query-result distribution such as means, variances, and quantiles. To achieve good performance, MCDB uses novel query processing techniques, executing a query plan exactly once, but over "tuple bundles" instead of ordinary tuples. Experiments indicate that our enhanced functionality can be obtained with acceptable overheads relative to traditional systems.
Bidirectionally decodable streams of prefix code-words (1999)

A new general scheme is introduced that allows bidirectional decoding of variable length coded bitstreams from either end. Except for a small fixed number of extra bits appended to a sequence of code words, the scheme is as efficient as Huffman coding. The extra operations required at the coder and decoder are code word reversal and one EXOR for each bit.
DLDA-based iris recognition from image sequences with various focus information (2007)

In this paper, we present a new scheme for iris recognition from focus-varying sequences of iris images. Most of the current state-of-the-art iris recognition systems use the highly focused iris images to obtain high accuracy. These systems does not recognize defocused iris images. They also take much focusing time to acquire the high quality images. Unlike the current iris recognition systems, our proposed method can correctly recognize the defocused iris images because the iris image sequences have more information than single still images. We also apply a feature extraction method using direct linear discriminant analysis on wavelet subband to extract discriminative low-dimensional feature vectors. Our experimental results show that defocused images may be correctly recognized if we use multifocus image sequences as gallery images for iris recognition. In addition, The proposed system preserves both high security and user convenience.
Slab waveguide lasers with diffractive-optics resonator (1996)

Summary form only given. RF-excited CO/sub 2/ slab-waveguide lasers are particularly convenient vehicles for exploratory experiments with diffractive optical resonators. They have very large Fresnel numbers in the lateral direction, and support low-order waveguide modes in the transverse direction. This permits the use of a one-dimensional diffractive optical element (DOE) inside the resonator which may be designed to produce a novel approach to output coupling, without the need for a transmissive mirror.
Novel sorbents for coal conversion wastewater treatment: Quarterly report for the period September 15, 1987-December 15, 1987. [Pentachlorophenol] (1987)

Preliminary studies on the use of modified clay adsorbents for the sorptive removal of toxic organics in coal conversion wastewaters have been carried out. Three different types of modified clays have been prepared and tested against benzo(a)pyrene, fluorene, and pentachlorophenol (having aqueous solubilities respectively in the range of ppB to ppM) as model toxic organics. One of the modified clays, cetylpyridinium-hydroxy aluminum-montmorillonite (CPC-HYDAL-CLAY) was found to be comparable to activated carbon in its sorption potential for all the three sorbates tested. Further work to characterize CPC-HYDAL-CLAY and to optimize the other two clays is in progress. 10 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Mix & Match Agent Curricula for Reinforcement Learning (2018)

We introduce Mix&Match (M&M) - a training framework designed to facilitate rapid and effective learning in RL agents, especially those that would be too slow or too challenging to train otherwise. The key innovation is a procedure that allows us to automatically form a curriculum over agents. Through such a curriculum we can progressively train more complex agents by, effectively, bootstrapping from solutions found by simpler agents. In contradistinction to typical curriculum learning approaches, we do not gradually modify the tasks or environments presented, but instead use a process to gradually alter how the policy is represented internally. We show the broad applicability of our method by demonstrating significant performance gains in three different experimental setups: (1) We train an agent able to control more than 700 actions in a challenging 3D first-person task; using our method to progress through an action-space curriculum we achieve both faster training and better final performance than one obtains using traditional methods. (2) We further show that M&M can be used successfully to progress through a curriculum of architectural variants defining an agents internal state. (3) Finally, we illustrate how a variant of our method can be used to improve agent performance in a multitask setting.
Implementation of Efficient Fourier-transform Holographic Spectrometer (2004)

We present the first implementation of a Fourier-transform spherical beam holographic spectrometer with considerably better sensitivity compared to conventional grating spectrometers. We use this idea to demonstrate a compact spectrometer that is usually encountered in optical sensing with great potential for measuring weak spatially incoherent signal.
The States of Surface-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal with High-Pretilt Aligning Film (1991)

Surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal with high-pretilt (about 15°) aligning film rubbed in parallel showed three types of states: C1-uniform (C1U), C1-twisted (C1T), and C2 states. In the C1 state, the uniform state (C1U) showing extinction positions and the twisted state (C1T) showing no extinction position were observed. On the other hand, the C2 state showed only one state showing extinction positions. The properties of these three states were investigated and their orientational model will be discussed in combination with the molecular orientation on the surface of the aligning film.
Measurements of temperature during thermal ablation treatments on ex vivo liver tissue using fiber Bragg grating sensors (2017)

In this work, we propose the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor arrays for real-time temperature monitoring during RadioFrequency Thermal Ablation (RFTA) tumor treatment. Real-time temperature monitoring of RF-treatment to the tumors lesion of an organ could prove to be highly beneficial for intra-operative surgical planning and subsequently ensure a successful outcome of a thermo-ablation procedure. An adequate configuration was designed in order to create a thermal multipoint map. In particular, the RF probe of a commercial medical device was properly packaged with FBG sensors. In order to discern the treatment areas as accurately as possible, a second 3.5 cm long array, consisting of several FBGs was also employed. The experiments were conducted on ex vivo animal liver tissues and results confirm that we were successfully able to conduct a multipoint measurement and to distinguish between different and consecutive RF discharges with a temperature resolution of 0.1 °C and a minimum spatial resolution of 5mm.
A direct conversion receiver employing a frequency multiplied digital phase‐shifting demodulator (1994)

Abstract Radio data receiver systems are being made smaller with lower power consumption and higher performance. Integrated circuits (IC) can be fitted into a direct conver sion receiver, but this has not yet been found practical because it is difficult to ensure the performance. A novel architecture is proposed for the wideband frequency shift‐keying (FSK) quadrature demodulator, which is called the frequency multiplied digital phase‐shifting demodulator; and it has been used in a receiver. This demodulator has been adopted as an IC for low bit rate FSK radio equipment such as paging receivers, it is confirmed that the direct conversion receiver has the required sensitivity, distortion, and power consumption; and its usefulness is demonstrated.
All-polymer ferroelectric transistors (2005)

We demonstrate thin-film ferroelectric transistors, made entirely from organic materials that are processed from solution. The devices consist of thin ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene) films sandwiched between electrodes made of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) stabilized with polystyrene-4-sulphonic acid. On top of this stack, an organic semiconductor is applied. The ferroelectric transistors, constructed using unipolar p- or n-type semiconductor channels, have remnant current modulations of ∼103 with a retention time of hours. They can be switched in 0.1–1ms at operating voltages less than 10V.
Seeing the Invisible: Revealing Atrial Ablation Lesions Using Hyperspectral Imaging Approach (2016)

Hyperspectral imaging greatly increases the contrast between ablated and unablated tissue enabling visualization of viability gaps at clinically relevant locations. Data supports the possibility for developing percutaneous hyperspectral catheters for high-resolution ablation guidance.
Multiple class I motifs revealed by sequencing naturally processed peptides eluted from rat T cell MHC molecules (1997)

Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules interact with a diverse array of self and foreign peptides. Displayed on the cell surface, the class I/peptide complex provides an extracellular indication of the intracellular milieu. We have characterized the Lewis rat Vbeta8.2+ T cell hybridoma C14/BW12-12A1 by FACS analysis and have used immunoaffinity chromatography to purify class I molecules from these cells. Peptides eluted from the class I molecules have been fractionated by HPLC and sequenced. Self-peptide mixtures indicate two distinct peptide motifs, suggesting the possibility of multiple class I loci. The majority of the naturally processed peptide ligands were nonamers. Naturally processed peptide ligands fitting the first motif contained a hydrophobic leucine anchor residue at position three and a carboxyl-terminal serine anchor residue. A second motif was characterized by a tyrosine or phenylalanine residue at position three and a phenylalanine or isoleucine carboxyl-terminal residue. Four peptides derived from the Vbeta8.2 T cell receptor have sequences that fit these motifs, providing a mechanistic explanation for their immunoregulatory role. Identification of these class I peptide binding motifs will be useful for predicting potential CTL epitopes in studies on autoimmunity, immunoregulation and transplantation in the Lewis rat.
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> p53: Role in Apoptosis, Meiosis, and Stress Resistance (2001)

We have identified a homolog of the mammalian p53 tumor suppressor protein in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that is expressed ubiquitously in embryos. The gene encoding this protein, cep-1 , promotes DNA damage–induced apoptosis and is required for normal meiotic chromosome segregation in the germ line. Moreover, although somatic apoptosis is unaffected, cep-1 mutants show hypersensitivity to hypoxia-induced lethality and decreased longevity in response to starvation-induced stress. Overexpression of CEP-1 promotes widespread caspase-independent cell death, demonstrating the critical importance of regulating p53 function at appropriate levels. These findings show that C. elegans p53 mediates multiple stress responses in the soma, and mediates apoptosis and meiotic chromosome segregation in the germ line.