gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization of paramutagenicity in R-stippled maize. (1995)

In heterozygotes, R-stippled (R-st) reduces the pigmenting potential of sensitive r alleles heritably (paramutation). R-st is comprised of four r genes arranged in direct orientation. Unequal crossing over within R-st generates deletion products retaining from one to three r genes. Paramutagenic strength decreased in parallel with copy number, both among internal and distal deletions. Single-gene R-st derivatives were nonparamutagenic. This was so whether or not the single gene retained the transposable element (I-R) responsible for seed spotting. Adding back r genes by intragenic recombination increased paramutagenicity in proportion to total gene number. Each member of a set of overlapping deletions retained moderately strong activity, showing that no single r gene or intragenic region is required for paramutagenicity. Proximal and distal loss R-st derivatives, each retaining two r genes, were less paramutagenic in trans than the corresponding four copy cis combination, indicating R-st's paramutagenic determinants function as a cis-interdependent unit in bringing about modification of a sensitive allele.
Chemical defenses of the Caribbean sponges Agelas wiedenmayeri and Agelas conifera (2000)

Previous studies have determined that Caribbean reef sponges of the genus Agelas are chemically defended from fish predation by brominated pyrrole alkaloids, and that the compounds responsible for this defense have been elucidated for 1 species, A. clathrodes. In this study, we expand our understanding of chemical defense in this common sponge genus to include the characterization of defensive metabolites in the tissues of A. wiedenmayeri and A. conifera. Bioassay-directed isolation of defensive metabolites was undertaken using fish feeding assays carried out in laboratory aquaria and in the field. A. wiedenmayeri contained the same 2 major metabolites as A. clathrodes, 4, 5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1), and oroidin (2), in addition to a small amount of bromoageliferin (7). The 2 major metabolites were present at higher concentrations in samples of A. wiedenmayeri than in A. clathrodes, and their relative concentrations were reversed, with A. wiedenmayeri on average containing more 4, 5-dibromopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1) (2.0 mg ml -1 ) than oroidin (2) (0.8 mg ml -1 ). A. conifera contained a mixture of dimeric bromopyrrole alkaloids dominated by sceptrin (3), with <10% each of dibromosceptrin (5), bromoageliferin (7), dibromoageliferin (8), ageliferin (6), and bromosceptrin (4). Mean concentration of sceptrin (3) in sponge tissue was 5.3 mg ml -1 ; this compound deterred feeding of reef fish in aquarium assays at 1.0 mg ml -1 , the lowest concentration assayed. Sceptrin (3) concentrations were higher in sponges collected in the southern Bahama Islands than in those collected in the middle Bahamas, but the reasons for this variation remain unclear. The structure-activity relationship of the pyrrole group was investigated by assaying derivatives of the active metabolites. Feeding deterrent activity of the molecule was enhanced by the addition of bromine to the pyrrole group, but not affected by exchange of the heteroatom from N to O or S. Combining an understanding of the structure-activity relationship of Agelas metabolites with an understanding of the variation in these metabolites across the genus may provide insight into the evolution of defensive chemistry in this highly successful taxa of pan-tropical sponges.
A novel dual-axis electrostatic microactuation system for micromanipulation (2003)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, modeling, and control of a dual-axis electrostatic microactuation system. To form the 3D structure only three masks are used on silicon-on-insulator wafers using deep reactive ion etching. The bulk micromachined high aspect ratio structure produces large force output, achieving the full motion range with 10.7 V in x and 70.1 V in y. To provide position feedback for high precision manipulation, a capacitive position sensing mechanism, capable of resolving position changes up to 5 /spl mu/m with a resolution of 0.01 /spl mu/m in both x and y is integrated. A nonlinear model inversion technique is proposed for nonlinear electrostatic microactuation system identification and improving system linearity and response. The effectiveness of the technique was verified in experiments. Applications of the system include micromanipulation and microassembly.
Depolymerized holothurian glycosaminoglycan with novel anticoagulant actions: antithrombin III- and heparin cofactor II-independent inhibition of factor X activation by factor IXa-factor VIIIa complex and heparin cofactor II-dependent inhibition of thrombin (1995)

The inhibition mechanism of a polysaccharide anticoagulant, depolymerized holothurian glycosaminoglycan (DHG), was examined by analyzing its effects on the clotting time of human plasma depleted of antithrombin III (ATIII), of heparin cofactor II (HCII), or of both heparin cofactors. The effect exerted by this agent on the activation of prothrombin and factor X in purified human components were also examined and all effects were compared with those of other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The capacity of DHG to prolong activated partial thromboplastin time was not reduced in ATIII-depleted, HCII-depleted, HCII-depleted, or ATIII- and HCII-depleted plasma, whereas its capacity to prolong prothrombin time and thrombin clotting time was reduced in HCII-depleted plasma. DHG inhibited the amidolytic activity of thrombin in the presence of HCII with a second order rate constant of 1.2 x 10(8) (mol/L)-1 min-1. These results indicated that DHG has two different inhibitory activities, one being an HCII-dependent thrombin inhibition and the other an ATIII- and HCII-independent inhibition of the coagulation cascade. The heparin cofactors-independent inhibitory activity of DHG was investigated in the activation of prothrombin by factor Xa and in the activation of factor X by tissue factor-factor VIIa complex or by factor IXa. DHG significantly inhibited the activation of factor X by factor IXa in the presence of factor VIIIa, but not in the absence of factor VIIIa. The interaction between DHG and factors IXa, VIIIa, and X was investigated with a DHG-cellulofine column, on which DHG had strong affinity for factors IXa and VIIIa. These findings show that the heparin cofactors-independent inhibition exhibited by DHG was caused by inhibition of the interaction of factor X with the intrinsic factor Xase complex, probably by binding to the factor IXa-factor VIIIa complex.
Evaluation of bovine-derived lacteal complex supplementation on gene expression in BALB/c mice (2011)

Abstract: We conducted an evaluation of gene expression associated with innate and adaptive immunity in a double-blind ex vivo mouse study using a bovine-derived dietary ingredient (Ai/E 10® , Health Technology Resources, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, USA). BALB/c female mice (5–6 weeks of age) were fed chewy granola bars supplemented with (Test) or without (Control) Ai/E 10 for 10 days. After the feeding period, the animals were sacrificed and spleen cells were isolated and incubated with lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin. RNA was extracted and mRNA expression of 84 genes involved in innate and acquired immunity was determined with real-time PCR arrays. Numerous genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity were upregulated in the Test group when stimulated with mitogens. Significant upregulation was observed in 30% (25 of 84) of genes upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation and in 14% (12 of 84) of genes upon phorbol myristate acetate + ionomycin stimulation in the Test group relative to Controls. This study illustrates that Ai/E 10 supplementation results in significant and specific upregulation of genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity in mice. Notably, this effect was observed only in stimulated cultures. Keywords: dietary supplementation, immunomodulation, mice
High-Speed Optical Packet Processing Technologies for Optical Packet-Switched Networks (2005)

Asynchronous optical packet switching (OPS) is a promising solution to support the continuous growth of transmission capacity demand. It has been, however, quite difficult to implement key functions needed at the node of such networks with all-optical approaches. We have proposed a new optoelectronic system composed of a packetby-packet optical clock-pulse generator (OCG), an all-optical serial-to-parallel converter (SPC), a photonic parallel-to-serial converter (PSC), and CMOS circuitry. The system makes it possible to carry out various required functions such as buffering (random access memory), optical packet compression/decompression, and optical label swapping for high-speed asynchronous optical packets.
The Challenge of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Biochemical Markers in Diagnosis of Brain Damage (2013)

During the past decade there has been an increasing recognition of the incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and a better understanding of the subtle neurological and cognitive deficits that may result from it. A substantial, albeit suboptimal, effort has been made to define diagnostic criteria for mTBI and improve diagnostic accuracy. Thus, biomarkers that can accurately and objectively detect brain injury after mTBI and, ideally, aid in clinical management are needed. In this review, we discuss the current research on serum biomarkers for mTBI including their rationale and diagnostic performances. Sensitive and specific biomarkers reflecting brain injury can provide important information regarding TBI pathophysiology and serve as candidate markers for predicting abnormal computed tomography findings and/or the development of residual deficits in patients who sustain an mTBI. We also outline the roles of biomarkers in settings of specific interest including pediatric TBI, sports concussions and military injuries, and provide perspectives on the validation of such markers for use in the clinic. Finally, emerging proteomics-based strategies for identifying novel markers will be discussed.
Carbon Nanotubes - Synthesis, Characterization, Applications (2011)

Carbon nanotubes are one of the most intriguing new materials with extraordinary properties being discovered in the last decade. The unique structure of carbon nanotubes provides nanotubes with extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties. The outstanding properties that these materials possess have opened new interesting researches areas in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Although nanotubes are very promising in a wide variety of fields, application of individual nanotubes for large scale production has been limited. The main roadblocks, which hinder its use, are limited understanding of its synthesis and electrical properties which lead to difficulty in structure control, existence of impurities, and poor processability. This book makes an attempt to provide indepth study and analysis of various synthesis methods, processing techniques and characterization of carbon nanotubes that will lead to the increased applications of carbon nanotubes.
Region growing: a new approach (1998)

A new region growing method for finding the boundaries of blobs is presented. A unique feature of the method is that at each step, at most one pixel exhibits the required properties to join the region. The method uses two novel discontinuity measures, average contrast and peripheral contrast, to control the growing process.
■ REVIEW : Computer Models of Stroke Recovery: Implications for Neurorehabilitation (1999)

The persistence of cortical plasticity in the adult can help explain functional recovery after stroke. Computer modeling tools developed to explain the process of early development of sensory systems can be extended to help us relate cortical plasticity to both behavior and to underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Computer modeling results suggest a two-phase recovery process, involving immediate alterations in activity patterns caused by the loss of the infarcted neurons ("dynamic plasticity"), followed by true plastic changes as the new activity alters synaptic weights between neurons. Recognition of these two phases suggests that timing of physiotherapy and pharmacotherapy may play an important role in their efficacy. NEURO SCIENTIST 5:100-111, 1999
Cone-beam reconstruction from general discrete vertex sets (2002)

Addresses the issue of reconstruction of a 3D image from cone-beam projections measured for an arbitrary discrete set of vertex points. "Vertex point" refers to the position of the X-ray source in area CT or to the focal point of the CB collimator in SPECT imaging. The problem of defining a practical data sufficiency condition is investigated and a parameter /spl epsiv//sub 0/ is defined to describe how close a discrete vertex set comes to satisfying Tuy's condition. A reconstruction algorithm based on the Radon rebinning method is presented which is capable of near-optimal reconstructions from any discrete vertex set, whether or not it represents a sampled vertex path.
Targeting Ultimate Accuracy: Face Recognition via Deep Embedding (2015)

Face Recognition has been studied for many decades. As opposed to traditional hand-crafted features such as LBP and HOG, much more sophisticated features can be learned automatically by deep learning methods in a data-driven way. In this paper, we propose a two-stage approach that combines a multi-patch deep CNN and deep metric learning, which extracts low dimensional but very discriminative features for face verification and recognition. Experiments show that this method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on LFW dataset, achieving 99.77% pair-wise verification accuracy and significantly better accuracy under other two more practical protocols. This paper also discusses the importance of data size and the number of patches, showing a clear path to practical high-performance face recognition systems in real world.
Prefessional SQL Server 2000 Programming (2000)

From the Publisher:
This book is a revised follow on from Professional SQL Server 7.0 Programming, to address the new features of this recent release. With a general understanding of programming principles, (eg familiarity with VB, C++, VB Script) Professional SQL Server 2000 Programming provides a comprehensive overview of the new areas of SQL Server, for programmers. There is an in-depth discussion of T-SQL, the query language of Microsoft SQL Server. From basic database design concepts a tutorial explains more advanced topics and specific areas including Stored Procedures and Advanced Queries. Advanced topics - performance tuning, security and a solid description of OLAP, which is built in with SQL Server, are then introduced. The new XML features are explored to provide an understanding of this important area. With over 1,500 pages this book covers the main topics to provide an in-depth understanding of concepts and procedures, so you can get the most out of SQL Server 2000.
Author Biography: The author of two Professional SQL Server Programming books, Rob Vieira has been developing since 1980 and has been involved in databases since 1985. Currently a Principal Consultant with STEP Technology's Technology and Innovation group, Rob focuses on system architecture - primarily for data related technologies.
First Enantioselective Synthesis of (2R, 3R)- and (2S, 3S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-benzodioxan-6-carbaldehyde (2001)

A novel enantioselective synthetic approach to 1,4-benzodioxane lignans was reported in which (2R, 3R)- and (2S, 3S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-benzodioxan-6-carbaldehyde were first synthesized.
An Efficient Partial-Sum Network Architecture for Semi-Parallel Polar Codes Decoder Implementation (2014)

Polar codes have recently received a lot of attention because of their capacity-achieving performance and low encoding and decoding complexity. The performance of the successive cancellation decoder (SCD) of the polar codes highly depends on that of the partial-sum network (PSN) implementation. Hence, in this work, an efficient PSN architecture is proposed, based on the properties of polar codes. First, a new partial-sum updating algorithm and the corresponding PSN architecture are introduced which achieve a delay performance independent of the code length. Moreover, the area complexity is also reduced. Second, for a high-performance and area-efficient semi-parallel SCD implementation, a folded PSN architecture is presented to integrate seamlessly with the folded processing element architecture. This is achieved by using a novel folded decoding schedule. As a result, both the critical path delay and the area (excluding the memory for folding) of the semi-parallel SCD are approximately constant for a large range of code lengths. The proposed designs are implemented in both FPGA and ASIC and compared with the existing designs. Experimental result shows that for polar codes with large code length, the decoding throughput is improved by more than 1.05 times and the area is reduced by as much as 50.4%, compared with the state-of-the-art designs.
Color constant color indexing (1995)

Objects can be recognized on the basis of their color alone by color indexing, a technique developed by Swain-Ballard (1991) which involves matching color-space histograms. Color indexing fails, however, when the incident illumination varies either spatially or spectrally. Although this limitation might be overcome by preprocessing with a color constancy algorithm, we instead propose histogramming color ratios. Since the ratios of color RGB triples from neighboring locations are relatively insensitive to changes in the incident illumination, this circumvents the need for color constancy preprocessing. Results of tests with the new color-constant-color-indexing algorithm on synthetic and real images show that it works very well even when the illumination varies spatially in its intensity and color.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Widely Tunable Diffrence Frequency Generation in QPM-LiNbo 3 (1995)

Coherent 2-5 μm mid-IR sources are required in fiberoptic chemical sensors, spectroscopy, industrial process monitoring, atmospheric and environmental monitoring. Desirable source characteristics of room temperature operation, compactness, high efficiency, narrow spectrum, wide and continuous tuning, are not directly met by semiconductor lasers, but can be satisfied by diode pumped DFG1.
Inversion after depth imaging (2012)

In many areas, depth imaging of seismic data is required to construct an accurate view of the reservoir structure. This is especially true in areas of complex geology and areas with salt tectonics. Having identified the reservoir structure, we of course want to extract further information on lithology, reservoir quality, and fluids. This can be achieved by seismic amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion. Traditionally, depth-imaged data are inverted by converting it back into the time domain to enable the seismic data to be represented by convolution with a consistent wavelet, varying only slowly with both time and spatial location. We will describe an alternate approach that allows us to invert the seismic data directly in the depth domain, where it has been correctly located by the depth imaging. This approach also allows us to account for the variability in the image amplitudes that arise due to the complex geology and the spatial variations in the acquisition geometry. This new approach to inversion is demonstrated on synthetic model data, and compared with results obtained from conventional time-domain inversion.
A 6-Base Pair in Frame Germline Deletion in Exon 7 Of<i>RET</i>Leads to Increased RET Phosphorylation, ERK Activation, and MEN2A (2016)

The finding of bilateral pheochromocytoma and MTC in our patient was highly suspicious of a RET mutation. Exome sequencing revealed a 6-base-pair deletion in exon 7 of RET, an exon not yet associated with MEN2. Increased ligand-independent phosphorylation of the p.505_506del RET mutant, increased activation of downstream pathways, and stimulation of cell proliferation demonstrated the pathogenic nature of the mutation. We therefore recommend screening the whole sequence of RET in MTC and pheochromocytoma patients with red flags for a genetic cause.
Application of All Aluminum Automotive Body for HONDA NSX (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A Sports car's high performance, pursued as its major design point, forces the car to be as light as possible. Because of this, the NSX's body and chassis is build by making the best use of aluminum. This paper describes the development of aluminum for the NSX, and the forming and connecting technologies needed to achieve an all aluminum body.</div>
Differential Regulation of Proline-rich Tyrosine Kinase 2/Cell Adhesion Kinase β (PYK2/CAKβ) and pp125FAK by Glutamate and Depolarization in Rat Hippocampus (1996)

The mechanisms by which stimuli that raise cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations in neurons can increase protein tyrosine phosphorylation are not known. Using rat hippocampal slices and cortical synaptosomes, we have examined the regulation of two highly related cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, pp125 focal adhesion kinase (pp125(FAK)) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cell adhesion kinase beta (PYK2/CAKbeta). Membrane depolarization increased tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2/CAKbeta and pp125(FAK). These effects were blocked by EGTA or by protein kinase C inhibitors (RO31-8220; GF109203X) and mimicked by ionomycin or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, in the case of pp125(FAK), or their combination in the case of PYK2/CAKbeta. Glutamate and specific agonists of ionotropic (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate and N-methyl-D-aspartate) or metabotropic (trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3, -dicarboxylate) glutamate receptors stimulated the phosphorylation of pp125(FAK), but not of PYK2/CAKbeta. Glutamate effects were prevented by GF109203X. Thus, in hippocampal slices, tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125(FAK) and PYK2/CAKbeta are regulated differentially by pathways involving Ca2+ and protein kinase C. pp125(FAK) and PYK2/CAKbeta may provide specific links between neuronal activity, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ and protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which may be important for neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity.
Combined arsenic and nitrate removal by ion exchange (1999)

If an MCL < 5 μg/L is adopted for arsenic, then many suppliers will need to treat water specifically to remove it. On‐site ion exchange studies investigated the combined removal of arsenic (V) [As(V)] and nitrate from drinking water in McFarland and Hanford, Calif., and Albuquerque, N.M. Whereas previous ion exchange workers had studied removal of high concentrations of As (> 50 μg/L As) without nitrate present, these studies focused on removing 10–15 μg/L As to achieve a product water with < 2 μg/L As while also maintaining nitrate below its maximum contaminant level. Results of 1‐in.‐ (25‐mm‐) column experiments showed that conventional sulfate‐selective resins were better than special nitrate‐selective resins for combined As(V) and nitrate removal. The conventional resins yielded longer run lengths and leaked less As and nitrate into the product water. Decreasing empty bed contact time from 3.0 to 1.5 min did not greatly alter As leakage into the product water. Particulate iron in the ion exchange feed increased As leakage in the product water. Two commercially available computer programs were reasonably accurate in predicting both As and nitrate run lengths for various influent nitrate and sulfate concentrations. Generally, predicted As and nitrate run lengths were within ±35 percent of those observed experimentally.