gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Expression Array Profiles Identify Clinically Relevant Molecular Subtypes of Glioblastoma (2005)

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans, exhibits a large degree of molecular heterogeneity. Understanding the molecular pathology of a tumor and its linkage to behavior is an important foundation for developing and evaluating approaches to clinical management. Here we integrate array-comparative genomic hybridization and array-based gene expression profiles to identify relationships between DNA copy number aberrations, gene expression alterations, and survival in 34 patients with glioblastoma. Unsupervised clustering on either profile resulted in similar groups of patients, and groups defined by either method were associated with survival. The high concordance between these separate molecular classifications suggested a strong association between alterations on the DNA and RNA levels. We therefore investigated relationships between DNA copy number and gene expression changes. Loss of chromosome 10, a predominant genetic change, was associated not only with changes in the expression of genes located on chromosome 10 but also with genome-wide differences in gene expression. We found that CHI3L1/YKL-40 was significantly associated with both chromosome 10 copy number loss and poorer survival. Immortalized human astrocytes stably transfected with CHI3L1/YKL-40 exhibited changes in gene expression similar to patterns observed in human tumors and conferred radioresistance and increased invasion in vitro. Taken together, the results indicate that integrating DNA and mRNA-based tumor profiles offers the potential for a clinically relevant classification more robust than either method alone and provides a basis for identifying genes important in glioma pathogenesis.
Predicting Performance Impact of DVFS for Realistic Memory Systems (2012)

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) can make modern processors more power and energy efficient if we can accurately predict the effect of frequency scaling on processor performance. State-of-the-art DVFS performance predictors, however, fail to accurately predict performance when confronted with realistic memory systems. We propose CRIT+BW, the first DVFS performance predictor designed for realistic memory systems. In particular, CRIT+BW takes into account both variable memory access latency and performance effects of prefetching. When evaluated with a realistic memory system, DVFS realizes 65% of potential energy savings when using CRIT+BW, compared to less than 34% when using previously proposed DVFS performance predictors.
Mode of growth and microstructure of polycrystalline silicon obtained by solid-phase crystallization of an amorphous silicon film (1994)

The structure and the morphology of crystallized amorphous silicon (α-Si) films which were deposited on glass and annealed in a conventional furnace or by rapid thermal process (RTP) are studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ellipsoidal shape of the grains is attributed to the fast solid-state crystallization along the two mutually perpendicular 〈112〉 and 〈110〉 crystallographic directions. The growth is solely based on the twin formation. The stability of the microtwins was studied by RTP and in situ TEM heating experiments. The effect of the film thickness on the preferred orientation of the grains is discussed. Very thin films exhibit (111) preferred orientation due to the strongly anisotropic rate of growth of the nuclei, which imposes an orientation filtering due to a growth velocity competition. The mode of growth of these films is compared with poly-Si films grown by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition.
Studies on the intramolecular Claisen condensation. Stereospecific ring-closure of β-acetyloxy esters (1985)

On treatment with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, α-alkyl-β-acetyloxy esters (2) and (3) undergo stereospecific ring-closure to the 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones(2,4-dioxotetrahydropyrans)(4) and (5).
Changes in Beta-Amylase Enzymes of Barley during Malting (1987)

Three barley cultivars, Bonanza, Diamond, and Klages, were used to study changes in β-amylase enzymes during malting. Freeze-dried samples taken after 24 and 48 hr of steeping and after one, two, three, four, and five days of germination were analyzed by chromatofocusing and polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. The effect of kilning on β-amylase components of malt also was studied. Chromatofocusing analysis indicated that during steeping and early stages of germination, barley β-amylases disappear or decrease to low levels concomitant with the production of at least two new β-amylase components that have higher apparent pI values. Diamond produces primarily β-amylase “A” (apparent pI 6.89), Klages primarily β-amylase “B” (apparent pI 6.68), whereas both enzymes are produced in malts prepared from Bonanza barley. Polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing analysis provided evidence that confirmed the changes observed by chromatofocusing. These enzymes also are produced by extracting ground barley directly with papain.
Alloy Gold Deposits: Have They Any Industrial Use? (1974)

SummaryA range of gold alloy electrodeposits wer produced from a variety of electrolyte systems for evaluations in the industrial market. Electrolytes ranged from acid to alkaline sulphite and cyanide gold systems in order to give a wide range for the evaluation. Each electrolyte system is discussed in detail with information on typical formulation and tables provided on physical characteristics of the deposits. Seven electrolytes, including two typical industrial formulations, were used for the evaluation and each deposit was investigated with regard to specifications relative to printed circuits, semi-conductors and general contacts. Microhardness, internal stress, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, density, solderability and heat treatment were all measured and the results tabulated. General conclusions suggest further evaluations of the Au-Cu-Cd system, provided a change in specifications is permitted.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Pharmacokinetics in Man (1984)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)a 41-amino acid peptide isolated and sequenced from ovine hypothalami, has potential clinical application as a provocative test of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To define its pharmacokinetic parameters in man, we measured the MCR and plasma half-life of immunoreactive CRF (IR-CRF) by the pulse injection and continuous infusion methods. Synthetic ovine CRF was given to 12 normal men as a bolus injection (1 µg/kg; n = 6) or as a continuous infusion (0.51 ± 0.05 µg/kg-h; n = 6) over 8 h. The disappearance curve of IR-CRF from plasma was biexponential. The plasma half-life of IR-CRF was 11.6 ± 1.5 min (mean ± SE) for the fast component and 73 ± 8 min for the slow component. The MCR using the pulse injection technique was 95 ± 11 liters/m2 -day, and the volume of distribution was 6.2 ± 0.5 liters. Continuous infusion of CRF gave approximately the same MCR (88 ± 7 liters/m2 day). A small percentage of IR-CRF (∼0.03%) was found in the urine at the end of the continuous infusion. The relatively low MCR of CRF may explain its prolonged biological action in primates and man.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Guanidines by Cyclocondensation Reactions of <i>N</i>-Amidinyliminium Ions (2001)

A new method for the synthesis of polycyclic guanidines is described. The N-amidinyliminium ion generated from alpha-(phenylthio)amidine precursor 16 by reaction with Cu(OTf)(2) undergoes cyclocondensation with 1,3-dienes, styrenes, and beta-dicarbonyl compounds to give 1-iminohexahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines having side chains at C3 and C7. In all cases, major products have a cis relationship of the C7 side chain and angular C4a hydrogen, whereas C3 side chains are incorporated with lower stereoselectivity (dr = 2--5:1) in cyclocondensations with dienes and styrenes to give stereoisomer 39 as the major product. In contrast to most cycloadditions of alkenes with N-acyliminium ions, cyclocondensations of alkenes with N-amidinyliminium ions proceed by a stepwise pathway. Cyclocondensation of the cognate ureido aminal 31 with styrene provides the rare 2-imino-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine derivative 32, rather than a pyrimidine as the major product. The high stereoselectivity observed in condensations of 16 with benzyl acetoacetate to afford Biginelli adduct 29 supports the intermediacy of N-amidinyliminium ions in related tethered Biginelli condensations of guanidines reported earlier from our laboratories.
Investigation of copper(II) tetrafluoroborate catalysed epoxide opening (2011)

We report the extension of the copper(II) tetrafluoroborate catalysed opening of epoxides with alcohols to include a wider variety of alcohols, a range of solvents and a method to purify the products from the reaction.
Power Reduction in Test-Per-Scan BIST with Supply Gating and Efficient Scan Partitioning (2005)

Reduction in average and peak power during test application is important to improve battery lifetime in portable electronic devices employing periodic self-test and to improve reliability/cost of testing. This paper proposes an integrated solution for peak and average power reduction in test-per-scan BIST by targeting power reduction in both combinational block and scan chain. First, we present a novel circuit technique, called first level supply gating (FLS), to virtually eliminate power dissipation in combinational logic by masking signal transition at the logic inputs during scan shifting. We realize the masking effect by inserting an extra supply gating transistor in the VDD to GND path for the first level gates at the output of scan flip-flops. Simulation results on ISCAS89 benchmarks show an average reduction of 65% in area overhead, 119% in power overhead (in normal mode), and 104% in delay overhead compared to the lowest-cost known signal masking alternative. To reduce the leakage power of the combinational block, which is considerably high in scaled technologies, we propose input vector control using FLS during scan shifting. Experiments on a set of ISCAS89 benchmarks show about 38% average reduction in leakage power with the proposed leakage reduction technique. Second, to address the power in the scan chain, we propose an efficient scan partitioning technique that reduces both average and peak power in the scan chain during shift and functional cycles. Experiments on a set of ISCAS89 benchmarks show 12.6% average reduction in peak power with the proposed partitioning method over partitioning according to RTL description.
Diffusion Control in the in Situ Synthesis of Iconic Metal–Organic Frameworks within an Ionic Polymer Matrix (2018)

Ionic polymers that possess ion-exchangeable sites have been shown to be a greatly useful platform to fabricate mixed matrices (MMs) where metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be in situ synthesized, although the in situ synthesis of MOF has been rarely studied. In this study, alginate (ALG), an anionic green polymer that possesses metal-ion-exchangeable sites, is employed as a platform of MMs for the in situ synthesis of iconic MOFs, HKUST-1, and MOF-74(Zn). We demonstrate for the first time that the sequential order of supplying MOF ingredients (metal ion and deprotonated ligand) into the alginate matrix leads to substantially different results because of a difference in the diffusion of the MOF components. For the examples examined, whereas the infusion of BTC<sup>3-</sup> ligand into Cu<sup>2+</sup>-exchanged ALG engendered the eggshell-shaped HKUST-1 layers on the surface of MM spheres, the infusion of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions into BTC<sup>3-</sup>-included alginate engendered the high dispersivity and junction contact of HKUST-1 crystals in the alginate matrix. This fundamental property has been exploited to fabricate a flexible MOF-containing mixed matrix membrane by coincorporating poly(vinyl alcohol). Using two molecular dyes, namely, methylene blue and rhodamine 6G, further, we show that this in situ strategy is suitable for fabricating an MOF-MM that exhibits size-selective molecular uptake.
Simultaneous determination of total IgE and allergen-specific IgE in serum by the MAST chemiluminescent assay system. (1985)

We have developed a chemiluminescent immunoenzymometric system. The first commercial application of this chemiluminescent assay (CLA) is the measurement of total IgE and allergen-specific IgE in human serum. The CLA system is a second-generation adaptation of the MAST RIA allergy profiling system. The MAST CLA system assay protocol consists of three steps: overnight incubation of serum, a 4-h incubation with enzyme-labeled antibody, and a 30-min chemiluminescent reaction, which produces a visible image (immunograph) on high-speed Polaroid instant film. The densities of the bands produced on the film are quantified with an inexpensive microprocessor-controlled infrared transmittance densitometer. The novel luminogenic substrates used yield a constant light output for over 2 h with an intensity at least 10-fold greater than that of commercial chemiluminescent reagents. The MAST CLA system exhibits sensitivity, specificity, and precision equal to that of the MAST RIA system (r = 0.96 for 40 serum samples analyzed with 25 allergens). As many as 35 different allergens per sample can be quantified in a single assay. The MAST CLA system requires no standard curve or volume-dependent pipetting steps, incorporates both positive and negative controls for each sample, and quantifies allergen-specific IgE at picomolar concentrations.
Photoelectric Covalent Organic Frameworks: Converting Open Lattices into Ordered Donor–Acceptor Heterojunctions (2014)

Ordered one-dimensional open channels represent the typical porous structure of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Here we report a general synthetic strategy for converting these open lattice structures into ordered donor-acceptor heterojunctions. A three-component topological design scheme was explored to prepare electron-donating intermediate COFs, which upon click reaction were transformed to photoelectric COFs with segregated donor-acceptor alignments, whereas electron-accepting buckyballs were spatially confined within the nanochannels via covalent anchoring on the channel walls. The donor-acceptor heterojunctions trigger photoinduced electron transfer and allow charge separation with radical species delocalized in the π-arrays, whereas the charge separation efficiency was dependent on the buckyball content. This new donor-acceptor strategy explores both skeletons and pores of COFs for charge separation and photoenergy conversion.
Chemical Constituents from Phytolacca polyandra (2002)

There are four species in the genus Phytolacca in China.The roots of P acinosa and P americana have been used as a Chinese medicine for the treatment of edema, bronchitis and tumors. A new cyclic dipeptide and a mixture of other two cyclic dipeptide were isolated together with α spinasterol and α spinasteryl 3 O β D glucopyranoside from the ethanol extract of the roots of Phytolacca polyandra .On the basis of chemical and spectral evidences,their chemical structures were determined as cyclo( Pro Tyr )(1),cyclo( Ala 1 Leu ) (2) and cyclo( Ala 2 Ile)(3) respectively.Cyclic dipeptides are isolated for the first time from Phytolaccaceae.
Fast Track Pattern Recognition in High Energy Physics Experiments with the Automata Processor (2016)

We explore the Micron Automata Processor (AP) as a suitable commodity technology that can address the growing computational needs of track pattern recognition in High Energy Physics experiments. A toy detector model is developed for which a track trigger based on the Micron AP is used to demonstrate a proof-of-principle. Although primarily meant for high speed text-based searches, we demonstrate that the Micron AP is ideally suited to track finding applications.
Sentiment Flow Through Hyperlink Networks (2021)

How does sentiment flow through hyperlink networks? Earlier work on hyperlink networks has focused on the structure of the network, often modeling posts as nodes in a directed graph in which edges represent hyperlinks. At the same time, sentiment analysis has largely focused on classifying texts in isolation. Here we analyze a large hyperlinked network of mass media and weblog posts to determine how sentiment features of a post affect the sentiment of connected posts and the structure of the network itself. We explore the phenomena of sentiment flow through experiments on a graph containing nearly 8 million nodes and 15 million edges. Our analysis indicates that (1) nodes are strongly influenced by their immediate neighbors, (2) deep cascades lead complex but predictable lives, (3) shallow cascades tend to be objective, and (4) sentiment becomes more polarized as depth increases.
Understanding Functional Residues of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor for Drug Discovery (2010)

The brain cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor that mediates numerous physiological processes in response to marijuana and other psychoactive compounds is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and shares common structural features with many rhodopsin class GPCRs. For the rational development of therapeutic agents targeting the CB(1) receptor, understanding of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions responsible for unique G protein signals is crucial. For a more than a decade, a combination of mutagenesis and computational modeling approaches has been successfully employed to study the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor interactions. In this review, after a brief discussion about recent advances in understanding of some structural and functional features of GPCRs commonly applicable to the CB(1) receptor, the CB(1) receptor functional residues reported from mutational studies are divided into three different types, ligand binding (B), receptor stabilization (S) and receptor activation (A) residues, to delineate the nature of the binding pockets of anandamide, CP55940, WIN55212-2 and SR141716A and to describe the molecular events of the ligand-specific CB(1) receptor activation from ligand binding to G protein signaling. Taken these CB(1) receptor functional residues, some of which are unique to the CB(1) receptor, together with the biophysical knowledge accumulated for the GPCR active state, it is possible to propose the early stages of the CB(1) receptor activation process that not only provide some insights into understanding molecular mechanisms of receptor activation but also are applicable for identifying new therapeutic agents by applying the validated structure-based approaches, such as virtual high throughput screening (HTS) and fragment-based approach (FBA).
Jane Austen as a Cultural Phenomenon (1996)

In an essay which he left tantalizingly unfinished at his death in 1975, Lionel Trilling was prompted to speculate on "Why We Read Jane Austen." He had been impressed by "a phenomenon of our contemporary high culture, the large and ever-growing admiration which Jane Austen's work is being given."1 The essay vibrates with a certain personal intensity for me. In my student days I read Trilling with great admiration; and when I was fairly launched in my academic career, and was organizing a Jane Austen Bicentennial conference at my university, it was a great triumph that Lionel Trilling agreed to be a speaker. Then came the disappointment and the sadness that he couldn't come after all; that he had cancer. And before the bicentennial year was out he had died. His essay for the occasion, which he had nearly completed, was not available for the collection I edited from the conference;2 but it came out as a lead article in the Times Literary Supplement.3
Hypertension with or without adrenal hyperplasia due to different inherited mutations in the potassium channel <i>KCNJ5</i> (2012)

We recently implicated two recurrent somatic mutations in an adrenal potassium channel, KCNJ5, as a cause of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs) and one inherited KCNJ5 mutation in a Mendelian form of early severe hypertension with massive adrenal hyperplasia. The mutations identified all altered the channel selectivity filter, producing increased Na(+) conductance and membrane depolarization, the signal for aldosterone production and proliferation of adrenal glomerulosa cells. We report herein members of four kindreds with early onset primary aldosteronism of unknown cause. Sequencing of KCNJ5 revealed that affected members of two kindreds had KCNJ5(G151R) mutations, identical to one of the prevalent recurrent mutations in APAs. These individuals had severe progressive aldosteronism and hyperplasia requiring bilateral adrenalectomy in childhood for blood pressure control. Affected members of the other two kindreds had KCNJ5(G151E) mutations, which are not seen in APAs. These subjects had easily controlled hypertension and no evidence of hyperplasia. Surprisingly, electrophysiology of channels expressed in 293T cells demonstrated that KCNJ5(G151E) was the more extreme mutation, producing a much larger Na(+) conductance than KCNJ5(G151R), resulting in rapid Na(+)-dependent cell lethality. We infer that this increased lethality limits adrenocortical cell mass and the severity of aldosteronism in vivo, accounting for the milder phenotype among these patients. These findings demonstrate striking variations in phenotypes and clinical outcome resulting from different mutations of the same amino acid in KCNJ5 and have implications for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism with and without adrenal hyperplasia.
Wasserstein Iterative Networks for Barycenter Estimation (2022)

Wasserstein barycenters have become popular due to their ability to represent the average of probability measures in a geometrically meaningful way. In this paper, we present an algorithm to approximate the Wasserstein-2 barycenters of continuous measures via a generative model. Previous approaches rely on regularization (entropic/quadratic) which introduces bias or on input convex neural networks which are not expressive enough for large-scale tasks. In contrast, our algorithm does not introduce bias and allows using arbitrary neural networks. In addition, based on the celebrity faces dataset, we construct Ave, celeba! dataset which can be used for quantitative evaluation of barycenter algorithms by using standard metrics of generative models such as FID.
The world’s largest “ideapreneurshipTM” (2016)

Purpose – This paper aims to describe how HCL Technologies has been recognized as Britain’s top employer for nine years consecutively. Design/methodology/approach – It explores the culture change in HCL Technologies and its revolutionary decision to put “Employees First, Customer Second”. Findings – A focus on employee engagement means that leaders engage, enable and empower people and is the key driver to develop and sustain a productive workforce. Originality/value – The paper details the unique culture, distinct people practices and differentiated interventions that give HCL Technologies the flexibility to align our strategy to a concentrated goal – to be simply the best in the market.
Mortality, Disability, and Nursing Home Use for Persons with and without Hip Fracture: A Population‐Based Study (2002)

Hip fracture is an important contributor to disability and NH use, but the potential savings from hip fracture prophylaxis may be overestimated by studies that fail to consider differential risk, mortality, and long-term follow-up.