gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Precious Artefacts: The Sonic Imprint for Small Artefacts (2009)

Identification of artworks is mainly based on a few characteristics which can be observed using non-invasive tools (sight, touch, simple instruments), the investigated properties being geometry, weight, colours, texture, etc. Nowadays, technology allows reproducing all these characteristics to such an extent that even expert conservators can be deceived: in particular at the present time even the geometry of an artwork can be easily reproduced with the help of laser scanner analysis and with a rapid prototyping machine or a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. We propose a new tool, the Sonic Imprint, producing a code capable of identifying a rigid artefact from its vibrational resonance frequencies beyond doubt. In fact the vibration modes of an artefact strongly depend on the spatial distributions of its density and elastic parameters, as well as on its internal defects, definable in terms of abrupt changes of elastic properties in a small portion of the object. Then even small differences of these properties (differences usually present even among “identical” objects produced with industrial methods, at least in terms of defects) give appreciable variations of the Sonic Imprint codes, allowing secure identification of artworks, prevention of clonation and even damage monitoring. Moreover the procedure is really robust, rapid, inexpensive and not invasive. We tested it on a large number of commercial objects with the same shape and dimension and on many artworks in archaeological museums: an example is described. The application of this methodology to small-size artefacts (from small stones, vessels, pottery to medium-large coins) involves some problems in the detection of the Sonic Imprint. The problems, just due to the smaller sizes of this kind of objects, arise from the presence of higher resonance frequencies and larger damping of the induced vibrations. This implies that probes and instrumentation should be replaced to be adapted to the new experimental conditions. Keywords: Sonic imprint, resonance, Spectral analysis, Identification, Monitoring
VoiceGrad: Non-Parallel Any-to-Many Voice Conversion with Annealed Langevin Dynamics (2020)

In this paper, we propose a non-parallel any-to-many voice conversion (VC) method termed VoiceGrad. Inspired by WaveGrad, a recently introduced novel waveform generation method, VoiceGrad is based upon the concepts of score matching and Langevin dynamics. It uses weighted denoising score matching to train a score approximator, a fully convolutional network with a U-Net structure designed to predict the gradient of the log density of the speech feature sequences of multiple speakers, and performs VC by using annealed Langevin dynamics to iteratively update an input feature sequence towards the nearest stationary point of the target distribution based on the trained score approximator network. Thanks to the nature of this concept, VoiceGrad enables any-to-many VC, a VC scenario in which the speaker of input speech can be arbitrary, and allows for non-parallel training, which requires no parallel utterances or transcriptions.
Green synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hybrid aerogels and their use as superabsorbents (2013)

PVA/CNF aerogels produced by an environmentally friendly freeze-drying process followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition of methyltrichlorosilane exhibit excellent oil and solvent absorption and remarkable heavy metal ion scavenging capability.
Real-time PPP with Undifferenced Integer Ambiguity Resolution, Experimental Results (2010)

It was shown in 2007 [1] that using pseudo-range information it becomes possible to fix the ambiguities on zero-difference GPS phase measurements for a global network. Theoretically, such a solution has the same performance and observability as a pseudo-range solution, but with measurements errors below 1cm. Thus an important activity has grown on this subject in recent years. 
The dual frequency pseudo-range information were used to fix the difference of the two ambiguities (one ambiguity for each frequency) using the Widelane (Melbourne-Wubbena) four observables combination [1, 4]. 
The remaining ambiguity is solved in a zero-difference network solution on the ionosphere free phase combination. The corresponding clocks corrections (GPS satellites and receivers) correspond to 'phase clocks'. These clocks have the property of preserving the integer nature of the ambiguities when processing the phase measurements of an isolated receiver. This allows the precise positioning (PPP) with integer ambiguity fixing. Since November 2009, such constellation clock solutions are available in the CNES/CLS IGS analysis centre solution ('grg' solution). 
Other approaches were developed in [8], where biases are identified relatively to a reference orbits/clocks solution (for example an igs solution), to allow the preservation of the satellite/satellite single difference ambiguities at user level. Also in [6], Collins presented a unified formulation for these kinds of problems (the 'decoupled clock model'). 
The application to real time solutions is very promising, because the ambiguity fixing improves drastically the performance of the solutions. This was shown in [1, 3]. The core of the real-time implementation is a Kalman filter working in mixed-mode (with both real- and integer-valued phase ambiguities). The filter produces GPS constellation states (orbits and clocks) with the ‘integer’ property. Algorithms for user receivers are also introduced. 
In order to improve the user ambiguity fixing, the code/phase biases have been added to the current solution. This allows also being compliant with the parameterization used in the IGS real time pilot project in which CNES is participating since July 2010. 
The recent improvements achieved at CNES in the real time solution are shown, including user side results. We present several ‘site survey’-type real-time experiments, which demonstrate an achieved horizontal precision close to 1 cm RMS. This is about one order of magnitude better than standard PPP solutions, which rely upon floating ambiguity fixing, and very close to the precision of differential RTK. 
In this article some properties of the related hardware characteristics are also shown (evolution of the widelane biases and possible variations of the code/phase biases). 
Future work and long-term objectives of the demonstrator are outlined.
Pulse Compression Of An FM Chirped CO 2 Laser (1989)

FM chirp/pulse compression has long been used in conventional radar systems [1]. The main advantages of such a technique are: 1. Efficient use of the average power available at the transmitter. 2. Increased system accuracy, both in range and velocity measurements. 3. Reduction of jamming vulnerability. We have explored the use of this technique for laser radar systems and in this paper describe an electro-optically FM modulated CO2 waveguide with post detection pulse compression by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) com-pression filter. The CO2 laser has been FM chirp modulated by a CdTe intracavity modulator. A frequency deviation of 95 MHz in 2.1 psec was attained in this fashion. Following heterodyne detection, the chirped pulse was compressed to 15 nsec using a SAW compression filter. This corresponded to a compression factor of 130. The suppression of unwanted sidelobes with a weighting filter was also demonstrated.
A 1-v 2.5-mw 5.2-ghz frequency divider in a 0.35-μm cmos process (2003)

A 1-V low-power high-speed dynamic-loading frequency divider is proposed using novel D flip-flops with a common-gate topology and with a single clock phase. A simple and accurate small-signal analysis model is provided to estimate the operating frequencies of the divider. Implemented in a standard digital 0.35-μm CMOS process and at 1-V supply, the proposed frequency divider measures a maximum operating frequency up to 5.2 GHz with a power consumption of 2.5 mW.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Pilgrims Tracking (2012)

Every year, and for five days, about three million pilgrims gather in the small city of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, to perform the rituals of Hajj (Pilgrimage). Tracking the movement of such a large number of people is crucial to the pilgrims themselves and the authorities managing the whole event. This letter reports a real-time pilgrim tracking system that has been designed and implemented. The system relies on a dedicated delay-tolerant wireless sensor network (WSN). This WSN is interfaced to the Internet through gateway(s) available from an internet service provider (ISP). Energy efficiency, robustness, and reliability are key factors in the design of the system. Each pilgrim is given a mobile sensor unit which includes a GPS chip, a microcontroller, and antennas. A network of fixed units is installed in the Holy area for receiving and forwarding data. Periodically, each mobile unit sends its user identification (UID), latitude, longitude, and a time stamp. A central server maps the latitude and longitude information on a geographical information system (GIS). The developed system can be used to track a specific or a group of pilgrims. The developed system was tested during the last two pilgrim seasons. The pilot system was able to successfully track all pilgrims who participated in the experiment.
A Synthetic Conjugate Polysaccharide Vaccine Against <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b (2004)

Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date, however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens are produced synthetically. We describe the large-scale synthesis, pharmaceutical development, and clinical evaluation of a conjugate vaccine composed of a synthetic capsular polysaccharide antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The vaccine was evaluated in clinical trials in Cuba and showed long-term protective antibody titers that compared favorably to licensed products prepared with the Hib polysaccharide extracted from bacteria. This demonstrates that access to synthetic complex carbohydrate-based vaccines is feasible and provides a basis for further development of similar approaches for other human pathogens.
Smad Proteins and Hepatocyte Growth Factor Control Parallel Regulatory Pathways That Converge on β1-Integrin To Promote Normal Liver Development (2001)

Smads serve as intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. After phosphorylation by activated type I TGF-beta receptors, Smad proteins translocate to the nucleus, where they serve as transcription factors and increase or decrease expression of TGF-beta target genes. Mice lacking one copy each of Smad2 and Smad3 suffered midgestation lethality due to liver hypoplasia and anemia, suggesting essential dosage requirements of TGF-beta signal components. This is likely due to abnormal adhesive properties of the mutant hepatocytes, which may result from a decrease in the level of the beta1-integrin and abnormal processing and localization of E-cadherin. Culture of mutant livers in vitro revealed the existence of a parallel developmental pathway mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which could rescue the mutant phenotype independent of Smad activation. These pathways merge at the beta1-integrin, the level of which was increased by HGF in the cultured mutant livers. HGF treatment reversed the defects in cell proliferation and hepatic architecture in the Smad2(+/-); Smad3(+/-) livers.
Automatic classification of the telephone-listening environment in a hearing aid (2001)

An algorithm is developed for automatic classification of the telephone-listening environment in a hearing instrument. The system would enable the hearing aid to automatically change its behavior when it is used for a telephone conversation (e.g., decrease the amplification in the hearing aid, or adapt the feedback suppression algorithm for reflections from the telephone handset). The telephone-listening environment and a reference listening environment are modeled with discrete hidden Markov models. The reference listening environment contains information about clean speech and a few different types of background noises. The probabilities for the different listening environments are calculated with forward algorithm for each frame of the input sound, and are compared with each other in order to detect the telephone-listening environment. Preliminary results demonstrate accurate classification of telephone speech by the hidden Markov system. [Work supported by GN ReSound.]
Moment computations of nonuniform distributed coupled RLC trees with applications to estimating crosstalk noise (2004)

A novel method is proposed to compute moments of nonuniform distributed coupled RLC transmission lines. Recursive formulae of moments of coupled RC trees are extended to those of coupled RLC trees by considering both self inductances and mutual inductances. It can be observed that moment computations of distributed lines outperform those of lumped ones. The inductive crosstalk noise waveform can be accurately and efficiently estimated using the moment computation technique in conjunction with the projection-based order reduction method. Fundamental developments of the proposed approach are described in detail. Experimental results demonstrate the improved accuracy of the proposed method over that of the traditional lumped methods.
Maintenance of virtual metrology models (2016)

Virtual metrology (VM) predicts on-wafer properties, such as thickness and uniformity, using equipment data (e.g., sensors, constants) and potentially on-wafer properties or predictions from previous steps. While much literature is devoted to developing VM models, maintaining them (e.g., so they can be used for months in production) presents a different set of challenges. Behavior of equipment can change over time, causing degradation of VM models. Maintenance events can abruptly reset sensors and process conditions, invalidating VM models. In addition, sensor noise, sensor imperfection and aging parts can disturb performance of VM models. While some of these issues can be addressed during modeling by incorporating certain variables that capture the dynamics associated with these issues, others are harder to foresee. Resolving these issues may require tuning the models as they age or manually rebuilding the models after they become ineffective. To mitigate these problems, techniques including monitoring residual error and tool degradation, compensating for sensor reset and residual error, and auto-retraining models can significantly help VM models maintain their performance during deployment.
Accumulation of the insecticidal crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in post-exponential-phase Bacillus subtilis (1989)

A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki that codes for a Lepidoptera-specific insecticidal toxin (delta-endotoxin) was engineered for expression in Bacillus subtilis. A low-copy-number plasmid vector that replicates in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis was constructed to transform B. subtilis with gene fusions first isolated and characterized in E. coli. Naturally occurring promoter sequences from B. subtilis (43, veg, ctc, and spoVG) were inserted upstream from the plasmid-borne structural gene. In the most prolific case, when the sporulation-specific spoVG promoter was fused to the heterologous toxin gene, the toxin product accumulated during postexponential growth to greater than 25% of the total cell protein. However, the resulting specific activity of the insecticidal toxin product was not commensurate with the abundance of the protein.
Artificially Engineered Protein Hydrogels Adapted from the Nucleoporin Nsp1 for Selective Biomolecular Transport (2015)

Nucleoporin-like polypeptide (NLP) hydrogels are developed by mimicking nucleoporins, proteins that form gel filters regulating transport into the nucleus. Using protein polymers of a minimal consensus repeat, the NLPs selectively enhance transport of cargo–carrier complexes similar to the natural nuclear pore system. The engineered protein gels additionally have tunable mechanical and transport properties and can be biosynthesized at high yield, making them promising materials for advanced separation technologies. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Correlated load-address predictors (1999)

As microprocessors become faster, the relative performance cost of memory accesses increases. Bigger and faster caches significantly reduce the absolute load-to-use time delay. However, increase in processor operational frequencies impairs the relative load-to-use latency, measured in processor cycles (e.g. from two cycles on the Pentium® processor to three cycles or more in current designs). Load-address prediction techniques were introduced to partially cut the load-to-use latency. This paper focuses on advanced address-prediction schemes to further shorten program execution time.Existing address prediction schemes are capable of predicting simple address patterns, consisting mainly of constant addresses or stride-based addresses. This paper explores the characteristics of the remaining loads and suggests new enhanced techniques to improve prediction effectiveness:• Context-based prediction to tackle part of the remaining, difficult-to-predict, load instructions.• New prediction algorithms to take advantage of global correlation among different static loads.• New confidence mechanisms to increase the correct prediction rate and to eliminate costly mispredictions.• Mechanisms to prevent long or random address sequences from polluting the predictor data structures while providing some hysteresis behavior to the predictions.Such an enhanced address predictor accurately predicts 67% of all loads, while keeping the misprediction rate close to 1%. We further prove that the proposed predictor works reasonably well in a deep pipelined architecture where the predict-to-update delay may significantly impair both prediction rate and accuracy.
Advances in finishing using magnetorheological (MR) jet technology (2007)

Modern optical designs often include components with shapes more complicated than simple spherical and plano surfaces. These shapes, which include conformal, steep concave, stepped and free form surfaces, are often difficult to finish with conventional techniques due to mechanical interference and steep local slopes. A suitable approach to polishing these shapes is to use a jet of fluid containing an appropriate abrasive. However, a fundamental property of a fluid jet is that it will begin to lose its coherence once it exits the nozzle. This instability results in an unpredictable removal rate of the fluid jet, which makes it unsuitable for use in a deterministic finishing process. A method of jet stabilization whereby a jet of magnetorheological (MR) fluid is magnetized by an axial magnetic field when it flows from the nozzle has been demonstrated and implemented into the Magnetorheological Jet (MR Jet<sup>TM</sup>) finishing process. The magnetically stabilized jet of MR polishing fluid produces a stable and reproducible material removal function (polishing spot) at a distance of several tens of centimeters from the nozzle making MR Jet an attractive technology for the finishing of complex shapes such as free form optics, steep concaves, and cavities. Recent results will be presented showing the ability to use this technology to finish a variety of shapes and materials including glass, metals, and ceramics.
Experimental investigation of a combined ejector‐absorption refrigerator (1998)

This paper describes an experimental study of a novel heat-operated refrigeration cycle, ‘combined ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle’. In this novel cycle, an ejector was placed between a generator and a condenser of a conventional single-effect absorption refrigerator. The high-pressure vapour refrigerant produced in the generator section was used as the motive fluid for the ejector which entrained low-pressure refrigerant vapour from the evaporator and discharged it to the condenser. This was shown to significantly increase the cooling capacity and COP of the novel refrigerator above that of a conventional absorption unit with little increase in system complexity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Inductive Sensor for Real-Time Measurement of Plantar Normal and Shear Forces Distribution (2014)

Real-time monitoring of the normal force and shear forces on diabetes patient's foot can provide useful information for physicians and diabetes patients to take actions in preventing foot ulceration.
Advanced machine learning informatics modeling using clinical and radiological imaging metrics for characterizing breast tumor characteristics with the OncotypeDX gene array (2018)

Purpose-Optimal use of established and imaging methods, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI) can simultaneously identify key functional parameters and provide unique imaging phenotypes of breast cancer. Therefore, we have developed and implemented a new machine-learning informatic system that integrates clinical variables, derived from imaging and clinical health records, to compare with the 21-gene array assay, OncotypeDX. Materials and methods-We tested our informatics modeling in a subset of patients (n=81) who had ER+ disease and underwent OncotypeDX gene expression and breast mpMRI testing. The machine-learning informatic method is termed Integrated Radiomic Informatic System-IRIS was applied to the mpMRI, clinical and pathologic descriptors, as well as a gene array analysis. The IRIS method using an advanced graph theoretic model and quantitative metrics. Summary statistics (mean and standard deviations) for the quantitative imaging parameters were obtained. Sensitivity and specificity and Area Under the Curve were calculated for the classification of the patients. Results-The OncotypeDX classification by IRIS model had sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 89% with AUC of 0.92. The breast lesion size was larger for the high-risk groups and lower for both low risk and intermediate risk groups. There were significant differences in PK-DCE and ADC map values in each group. The ADC map values for high- and intermediate-risk groups were significantly lower than the low-risk group. Conclusion-These initial studies provide deeper understandings of imaging features and molecular gene array OncotypeDX score. This insight provides the foundation to relate these imaging features to the assessment of treatment response for improved personalized medicine.
Studies of stress compensated quartz resonators with ultralinear frequency-temperature responses (1986)

Stress compensated quartz resonators having ultralinear frequency-temperature responses have been discovered, consisting of doubly rotated cuts whose orientations, defined in terms of the polar angles φ and θ, lie on a locus where the second-order temperature coefficients of frequency are zero in the range of φ=10 °±2 ° and θ=110 °±5 °. These angles of orientation are in close proximity to, or on the locus of, zero frequency coefficients of stress and are thus referred to as new linear and stress compensated (NLSC) cuts. In the vicinity of the NLSC cuts, a relatively strong 123̄1 x-ray plane exists at φ equal to 10.9 ° and θ equal to +106.6 °. This x-ray plane makes the manufacture of NLSC cuts easier and cheaper than ones previously reported. In this paper the theoretical and experimental values of the frequency-temperature responses and some physical features of NLSC cuts are discussed.