gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A chloride‐inducible acid resistance mechanism in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> and its regulation (1998)

Previously, a promoter was identified in Lactococcus lactis that is specifically induced by chloride. Here, we describe the nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of two genes transcribed from this promoter, gadC and gadB. GadC is homologous to putative glutamate-gamma-aminobutyrate antiporters of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri and contains 12 putative membrane-spanning domains. GadB shows similarity to glutamate decarboxylases. A L. lactis gadB mutant and a strain that is unable to express both gadB and gadC was more sensitive to low pH than the wild type when NaCl and glutamate were present. Expression of gadCB in L. lactis in the presence of chloride was increased when the culture pH was allowed to decrease to low levels by omitting buffer from the medium, while glutamate also stimulated gadCB expression. Apparently, these genes encode a glutamate-dependent acid resistance mechanism of L. lactis that is optimally active under conditions in which it is needed to maintain viability. Immediately upstream of the chloride-dependent gadCB promoter Pgad, a third gene encodes a protein (GadR) that is homologous to the activator Rgg from Streptococcus gordonii. gadR expression is chloride and glutamate independent. A gadR mutant did not produce the 3kb gadCB mRNA that is found in wild-type cells in the presence of NaCl, indicating that GadR is an activator of the gadCB operon.
Therapeutic Hypothermia for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2004)

Laboratory studies have shown that intraischemic hypothermia is more protective than postischemic hypothermia and more benefit is conferred with temporary occlusion than permanent occlusion models. The efficacy of postischemic hypothermia is critically dependent on the duration and depth of hypothermia and its timing relative to ischemia.
Fano filters based on transferred silicon nanomembranes on plastic substrates (2008)

We report here the characteristics of surface-normal optical filters based on Fano resonances on patterned single crystalline silicon nanomembranes (SiNMs), which were fabricated and transferred onto transparent plastic substrates using a SiNM wet transfer process. Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses were carried out on the angular- and polarization-dependent transmission properties. The filter transmission is independent of the incident beam polarization under surface-normal conditions. Angle-independent transmission was observed for specific Fano resonances with certain polarizations. The measured angle-dependent transmission agrees well with the simulated transmission and dispersion properties based on the propagation wave-vector analysis.
Improvements in resist performance towards EUV HVM (2017)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography with 13.5 nm wavelength is the main option for sub-10nm patterning in the semiconductor industry. We report improvements in resist performance towards EUV high volume manufacturing. A local CD uniformity (LCDU) model is introduced and validated with experimental contact hole (CH) data. Resist performance is analyzed in terms of ultimate printing resolution (R), line width roughness (LWR), sensitivity (S), exposure latitude (EL) and depth of focus (DOF). Resist performance of dense lines at 13 nm half-pitch and beyond is shown by chemical amplified resist (CAR) and non-CAR (Inpria YA Series) on NXE scanner. Resolution down to 10nm half pitch (hp) is shown by Inpria YA Series resist exposed on interference lithography at the Paul Sherrer Institute. Contact holes contrast and consequent LCDU improvement is achieved on a NXE:3400 scanner by decreasing the pupil fill ratio. State-of-the-art imaging meets 5nm node requirements for CHs. A dynamic gas lock (DGL) membrane is introduced between projection optics box (POB) and wafer stage. The DGL membrane will suppress the negative impact of resist outgassing on the projection optics by 100%, enabling a wider range of resist materials to be used. The validated LCDU model indicates that the imaging requirements of the 3nm node can be met with single exposure using a high-NA EUV scanner. The current status, trends, and potential roadblocks for EUV resists are discussed. Our results mark the progress and the improvement points in EUV resist materials to support EUV ecosystem.
Multiport bidirectional dc-dc converter for energy storage applications (2014)

There are two proposed methods in this paper, one is two port BDC (bidirectional dc-dc converter) while the other is three port BDC. Both converters work on the principle of bidirectional power flow while the three port BDC under soft-switching condition. The DAB (Dual active bridge) which acts as an interface between energy storage devices (Battery or Ultra-capacitor) and electrical power network. Multi-winding transformer is used for galvanic isolation between source & load. The circuit uses phase-shift control of three active bridges connected through a three-winding transformer and a network of inductors. The circuit has been simulated using MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results are verified.
Selenium‐77 nuclear magnetic resonance in mono‐ and disubstituted benzo[<i>b</i>]selenophenes (1981)

Abstract The 77 Se chemical shifts of 79 mono‐ or disubstituted benzo[ b ]selenophenes are reported. The results in the 2‐ and 3‐substituted derivatives closely parallel those previously obtained in the corresponding selenophenes. The measured parameters also correlate well with those measured in benzo[ b ]tellurophenes. The 125 Te and 77 Se chalcogen nuclei appear to be much more sensitive to substituent effects than the more classical nuclei. The effects of Cr(acac) 3 , Eu(dpm) 3 and concentration on the 77 Se NMR spectra are briefly discussed.
Sub-100 nm silicon-nitride hard-mask for high aspect-ratio silicon fins (2007)

Abstract – A method for using hard-masks to achieve sub-100 nm patterning of silicon is described. The process flow involves anisotropic etching of the silicon with spacers forming the hard-mask. Silicon dioxide and silicon nitride are investigated as possible spacer materials. Silicon nitride is shown to have advantages due to a better etch selectivity during the removal of the sacrificial island around which the spacers are formed. It is demonstrated that nitride spacers can be used as hard-masks for the reactive-ion etching (RIE) of silicon. Vertical silicon fins, 690 nm high and processed with an aspect-ratio of 29:1 and smooth sidewalls, were achieved on &lt;110&gt; bulk silicon wafers when silicon wet etching with TMAH was applied. A planarized oxide trench isolation of the base of the TMAH-etched fins is demonstrated. It opens the possibility of processing FinFETs with different channel-widths.
Real-time terrain rendering using smooth hardware optimized level of detail (2003)

We present a method for real-time level of detail reduction that is able to display high-complexity polygonal\nsurface data. A compact and efficient regular grid representation is used. The method is optimized for\nmodern, low-end consumer 3D graphics cards. We avoid sudden changes of the geometry - also known as\n'popping', when reducing the geometry by exploiting the low-level hardware programmability in order to\nmaintain interactive framerates. Terrain models are repolygonized in order to minimizing the visible error.\nFurthermore, the method minimizes CPU usage during rendering and requires minimal pre-processing. We\nbelieve that this is the first time that a smooth level of detail has been implemented in commodity hardware.
Digital-based processing in-memory (2019)

Recently, Processing In-Memory (PIM) has been shown as a promising solution to address data movement issue in the current processors. However, today's PIM technologies are mostly analog-based, which involve both scalability and efficiency issues. In this paper, we propose a novel digital-based PIM which accelerates fundamental operations and diverse data analytic procedures using processing in-memory technology. Instead of sending a large amount of data to the processing cores for computation, our design performs a large part of computation tasks inside the memory; thus the application performance can be accelerated significantly by avoiding the memory access bottleneck. Digital-based PIM supports bit-wise operations between two selected bit-line of the memory block and then extends it to support row-parallel arithmetic operations.
Trifluoroacetic Acid-Promoted Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy, 3-Amino and Spirooxindoles from α-Keto-<i>N</i>-Anilides (2011)

Ketoanilides containing alkyl side chains were readily cyclized to 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles or spirooxindoles by a single or double intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at room temperature or at 45 °C. α-Iminocarboxamides, generated in situ from ketoamides, cyclized similarly to 3-aminooxindoles under identical conditions.
Structure-Function Analysis of the Streptokinase Amino Terminus (Residues 1–59) (2003)

Streptokinase (SK) binds to plasminogen (Pg) to form a complex that converts substrate Pg to plasmin. Residues 1-59 of SK regulate its capacity to induce an active site in bound Pg by a nonproteolytic mechanism and to activate substrate Pg in a fibrin-independent manner. We analyzed 24 SK mutants to better define the functional properties of SK-(1-59). Mutations within the alphabeta1 strand (residues 17-26) of SK completely prevented nonproteolytic active site induction in bound Pg and rendered SK incapable of protecting plasmin from inhibition by alpha2-antiplasmin. However, when fibrin-bound, the activities of alphabeta1 strand mutants were similar to that of wild-type (WT) SK and resistant to alpha2-antiplasmin. Mutation of Ile1 of SK also prevented nonproteolytic active site induction in bound Pg. However, unlike alphabeta1 strand mutants, the functional defect of Ile1 mutants was not relieved by fibrin, and complexes of Ile1 mutants and plasmin were resistant to alpha2-antiplasmin. Plasmin enhanced the activities of alphabeta1 strand and Ile1 mutants, suggesting that SK-plasmin complexes activated mutant SK.Pg complexes by hydrolyzing the Pg Arg561-Val562 bond. Mutational analysis of Glu39 of SK suggested that a salt bridge between Glu39 and Arg719 of Pg is important, but not essential, for nonproteolytic active site induction in Pg. Deleting residues 1-59 rendered SK dependent on plasmin and fibrin to generate plasminogen activator (PA) activity. However, the PA activity of SK-(60-414) in the presence of fibrin was markedly reduced compared with WT SK. Despite its reduced PA activity, the fibrinolytic potency of SK-(60-414) was greater than that of WT SK at higher (but not lower) SK concentrations due to its capacity to deplete plasma Pg. These studies define mechanisms by which the SK alpha domain regulates rapid active site induction in bound Pg, contributes to the resistance of the SK-plasmin complex to alpha2-antiplasmin, and controls fibrin-independent Pg activation.
The essence of phase in seismic data processing and inversion (2007)

The quest of inversion is to delineate the object, the “what”, of interest. Before doing so, one must first answer the question of “where?” (e.g., migration/inversion (Weglein and Stolt, 1991)). The information concerning the “where?” lies in the phase. This abstract deals with this issue. We begin by applying POCS (projection onto convex sets) to only‐phase reconstruction. We then describe a novel approach to the high resolution processing of thin layer reflection data using the cepstral approach together with a new technique of phase unwrapping. Finally, we discuss the importance of noise in the design of synthetic data sets used in the testing of algorithms and briefly remind the reader of the importance of phase in the separation of signals.
Video similarity detection with video signature clustering (2002)

The proliferation of video content on the Web makes similarity detection an indispensable tool in Web data management, searching, and navigation. We have previously proposed a compact representation of video clips, called video signature, for retrieving similar video clips in large databases. In this paper, we propose a new signature clustering algorithm to further improve retrieval performance. The algorithm treats all the signatures as an abstract threshold graph, where the threshold is determined based on local data statistics. Similar clusters are identified as highly connected regions in the graph. This algorithm outperforms simple thresholding and hierarchical clustering techniques in identifying a set of manually-determined similar clusters from a dataset of 46,356 Web video clips. At 95% precision, our algorithm attains 85% recall while simple thresholding and complete-link hierarchical scheme attain 67% and 75% recall respectively. Applying our algorithm to the entire dataset, 6,900 similar clusters are identified, with an average cluster size of 2.81 video clips. The distribution of cluster sizes follows a power-law distribution, which has been shown to describe many Web phenomena.
Precision Farming Tools. Soil Electrical Conductivity (2005)

Soil electrical conductivity (EC) is one of the simplest, least expensive soil measurements available to precision farmers today. Soil EC measurement can provide more measurements in a shorter amount of time than traditional grid soil sampling.
P4-Compatible High-Level Synthesis of Low Latency 100 Gb/s Streaming Packet Parsers in FPGAs (2018)

Packet parsing is a key step in SDN-aware devices. Packet parsers in SDN networks need to be both reconfigurable and fast, to support the evolving network protocols and the increasing multi-gigabit data rates. The combination of packet processing languages with FPGAs seems to be the perfect match for these requirements. In this work, we develop an open-source FPGA-based configurable architecture for arbitrary packet parsing to be used in SDN networks. We generate low latency and high-speed streaming packet parsers directly from a packet processing program. Our architecture is pipelined and entirely modeled using templated \textttC++ classes. The pipeline layout is derived from a parser graph that corresponds to a P4 code after a series of graph transformation rounds. The RTL code is generated from the \textttC++ description using Xilinx Vivado HLS and synthesized with Xilinx Vivado. Our architecture achieves a \SI100 \giga\bit/\second data rate in a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA while reducing the latency by 45% and the LUT usage by 40% compared to the state-of-the-art.
Makarnalık Buğday Mutantlarının M4 ve M5 Kuşaklarında Verim ve Verim Öğelerinin incelenmesi (2004)

Bu ğ dayda elde edilen mutantlar ı n yaln ı z melezleme ı slah ı nda değ il ayn ı zamanda doğ rudan çe ş it olarak kullan ı lma potansiyelleri de vard ı r. istenen mutantlar ı n değ işim aral ığı ve s ı kl ığı uygulanan mutagen ve genotipe göre farkl ı l ı k göstermektedir. Bu çal ışman ı n amac ı , makarnal ı k buğdayda M4 ve MS kuşaklar ı nda verim, verim unsurlar ı ve baz ı tar ı msal özellikleri yönünden kontrole göre üstünlük gösteren mutant hatlar ı belirlemektir. Çal ış mada, gama ışı n ı uygulanm ış makarnal ı k buğ day çe şitlerinin Sofu ve Gediz-75 mutant populasyonlar ı ndan seçilen hatlar kullan ı lmış t ı r. Denemeler tesadüf bloklar ı deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamal ı olarak kurulmu ştur. İ ncelen özellikler bak ı m ı ndan kontrolden düş ük veya yüksek ortalamalara sahip mutantlar ı n bulunmas ı mutasyon ı slah ı n ı n potansiyelini göstermektedir. MS kuş ağı nda genellikle mutant hatlar ı n ortalamaları n ı n kontrol ortalamalar ı na yakla ştığı görülmü ştür. Her iki ku ş akta da tane verimleri yüksek olan mutantlar ı n farkl ı özellikler bak ı m ı ndan da kontrole göre üstünlük gösterdikleri saptanm ışt ı r. Bu tip mutant hatlar M6 ve sonraki ku şaklar ve genetik ara şt ı rmalar için ı slah materyalini olu şturur.
Distortion product emissions from a cochlear model with nonlinear mechanoelectrical transduction in outer hair cells (2010)

A model of cochlear mechanics is described in which force-producing outer hair cells (OHC) are embedded in a passive cochlear partition. The OHC mechanoelectrical transduction current is nonlinearly modulated by reticular-lamina (RL) motion, and the resulting change in OHC membrane voltage produces contraction between the RL and the basilar membrane (BM). Model parameters were chosen to produce a tonotopic map typical of a human cochlea. Time-domain simulations showed compressive BM displacement responses typical of mammalian cochleae. Distortion product (DP) otoacoustic emissions at 2f(1)-f(2) are plotted as isolevel contours against primary levels (L(1),L(2)) for various primary frequencies f(1) and f(2) (f(1)<f(2)). The L(1) at which the DP reaches its maximum level increases as L(2) increases, and the slope of the "optimal" linear path decreases as f(2)/f(1) increases. When primary levels and f(2) are fixed, DP level is band passed against f(1). In the presence of a suppressor, DP level generally decreases as suppressor level increases and as suppressor frequency gets closer to f(2); however, there are exceptions. These results, being similar to data from human ears, suggest that the model could be used for testing hypotheses regarding DP generation and propagation in human cochleae.
Indigo Dye as a Positive-electrode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2010)

Abstract The performance of indigo carmine (5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt) as a positive-electrode material for rechargeable lithium batteries was investigated. The prepared electrode showed an initial discharge capacity of 110 mA h g−1, which corresponds to two-electron-redox behavior. Furthermore, the electrode was shown to have good cycle-life stability.
Synthesis of new polymers containing tannin (1990)

Abstract A novel method for preparation of immobilized tannin on polyethylene has been suggested. A tannin‐containing polymer was prepared by radiation‐induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto porous polyethylene, followed by coupling tannin with the produced epoxide group. Reaction conditions for preparing immobilized tannin, such as the reaction temperature, pH, and the molar ratio of tannin to the epoxide group were investigated. The tannin content of the tannin‐containing porous polyethylene was 20%, which is approximately equivalent to that of the conventional cellulose‐based immobilized tannin. The adsorption isotherm for immobilized tannin and ferrous ion was determined.
A multisample 7 T dynamic nuclear polarization polarizer for preclinical hyperpolarized MR (2020)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) provides the opportunity to boost liquid state magnetic resonance (MR) signals from selected nuclear spins by several orders of magnitude. A cryostat running at a temperature of ~ 1 K and a superconducting magnet set to between 3 and 10 T are required to efficiently hyperpolarize nuclear spins. Several DNP polarizers have been implemented for the purpose of hyperpolarized MR and recent systems have been designed to avoid the need for user input of liquid cryogens. We herein present a zero boil-off DNP polarizer that operates at 1.35 ± 0.01 K and 7 T, and which can polarize two samples in parallel. The samples are cooled by a static helium bath thermally connected to a 1 K closed-cycle <sup>4</sup> He refrigerator. Using a modified version of the commercial fluid path developed for the SPINlab polarizer, we demonstrate that, within a 12-minute interval, the system can produce two separate hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup> C solutions. The <sup>13</sup> C liquid-state polarization of [1-<sup>13</sup> C]pyruvate measured 26 seconds after dissolution was 36%, which can be extrapolated to a 55% solid state polarization. The system is well adapted for in vitro and in vivo preclinical hyperpolarized MR experiments and it can be modified to polarize up to four samples in parallel.
Synthesis and evaluation of N-substituted indole-3-carboxamide derivatives as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion formation (2008)

The in vitro antioxidant effects of novel N-substituted indole-3-carboxamides (I3CDs) 1-10 on rat liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (LP) levels and their free radicals scavenging properties were determined by the inhibition of superoxide anion formation (SOD). Among the synthesized compounds, 4, 5, 8 and 9 significantly inhibited SOD with an inhibition range at 84-100% at 10(-3) M concentration. The presence of halo substituents both ortho- and para- positions of these compounds resulted 100% inhibition of SOD. Comparison the activity results of halogenated and non-halogenated derivatives suggested that the halogenated compounds are more active than the non-halogenated compounds. On the other hand, the introduction of a para fluoro benzyl in the 1-position of indole (compounds 7, 8) has more impact on the SOD inhibition when the benzamide ring was mono halogenated. However, none of other compounds had a significant inhibitory effects on the level of lipid peroxidation.
Fast linear-prediction-based band selection method for hyperspectral image analysis (2018)

A fast implementation of the linear-prediction-based band selection (LPBS) method is proposed, and the method is denoted as fast-LPBS. The original LPBS method is an effective unsupervised band selection approach and can achieve satisfying classification performance in practice. It performs linear projections to measure the dissimilarity between spectral channels and adopts sequential forward search to avoid exhaustive search. However, LPBS is time-consuming because it involves a random initialization and much high-complexity calculation, such as high-order matrix multiplication, which limits its applications in many cases. The proposed fast-LPBS method derives the recursive formulae of linear prediction errors and achieves incremental calculation, which reduces the computational cost significantly. Moreover, a simplified initialization strategy is applied, which further reduces the computational complexity of fast-LPBS. Although the recursive formula and the simplified initialization strategy are used, these processes do not deteriorate the proposed method’s classification performance, in other words, fast-LPBS can yield almost the same results as LPBS in a much shorter time. Experimental results on simulated and real datasets verify that the proposed method can run fast and maintain the high classification performance as the original one.