gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal plus subcutaneous prime vaccination with a dual antigen COVID-19 vaccine elicits T-cell and antibody responses in mice (2021)

Abstract We have developed a COVID-19 vaccine, hAd5 S-Fusion + N-ETSD, that expresses SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins with modifications to increase immune responses delivered using a human adenovirus serotype 5 (hAd5) platform. Here, we demonstrate subcutaneous (SC) prime and SC boost vaccination of CD-1 mice with this dual-antigen vaccine elicits T-helper cell 1 (Th1) biased T-cell and humoral responses to both S and N that are greater than those seen with hAd5 S wild type delivering only unmodified S. We then compared SC to intranasal (IN) prime vaccination with SC or IN boosts and show that an IN prime with an IN boost is as effective at generating Th1 biased humoral responses as the other combinations tested, but an SC prime with an IN or SC boost elicits greater T cell responses. Finally, we used a combined SC plus IN (SC + IN) prime with or without a boost and found the SC + IN prime alone to be as effective in generating humoral and T-cell responses as the SC + IN prime with a boost. The finding that SC + IN prime-only delivery has the potential to provide broad immunity—including mucosal immunity—against SARS-CoV-2 supports further testing of this vaccine and delivery approach in animal models of viral challenge.
A Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Using an Internal Wire Grid Polarizer (2006)

To obtain high transmittance and reflectance simultaneously, a single cell gap transflective liquid crystal (LC) display using internal wire grid polarizer (WGP) is proposed. For the reflective mode, the imbedded WGP serves as a polarization-dependent reflector for the ambient light. For the transmissive mode, no achromatic quarter-wave film is needed. This device can be used as a normally black mode (using vertical alignment) and a normally white mode (using twist-nematic alignment), based on the initial LC cell alignment. Detailed electro-optic performance, such as voltage-dependent light efficiency and viewing angle of these two device configurations, is investigated.
ZNO-on-nanocrystalline diamond lateral bulk acoustic resonators (2007)

This paper reports, for the first time, on thin-film piezoelectric-on-diamond composite bulk acoustic resonators. These resonators benefit from the large elastic modulus of the nano-crystalline diamond to increase the resonance frequency, and the high electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric transduction to reduce the motional impedance. More than 1.8times increase in the resonance frequency is measured for devices fabricated on 2 mum thick diamond compared to the same size devices made on 6 mum thick silicon on insulator substrate. A device with 5 mum feature size exhibits a high resonance frequency of 1.2 GHz. A small motional impedance of 225 Omega is reported for a device operating at 173 MHz. The temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) is measured to be as small as -2 ppm/degC as a result of including an oxide layer in the device structure.
Resting Period and the Field Performance of Potato Tubers Propagated in a Jar Fermentor. (1993)

The resting period and field performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers derived from a jar fermentor culture were investigated. About 40% (w/w) of the tubers easily lost more than 40% (w/w) of their weight during the first week after being removed from the jar fermentor and stored under room conditions. Sprouting of such easily wilting tubers was clearly delayed whereas other tubers sprouted within 3 months under the same conditions. When the tubers were transplanted and cultivated under field conditions, a yield decrease was observed with the late sprouting tubers. This suggested that the tubers could be selected according to the decrease in their weight after culture.
Effective enzymatic resolution of <i>rac</i>‐1‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐2‐ol, precursor of fenfluramine (2002)

Lipases from Candida antarctica and from Mucor miehei efficiently catalyze the enantioselective esterification of rac-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)propan-2-ol. The obtained enantioforms are suitable to prepare both enantiomers of fenfluramine.
Hydrometallurgical treatment of nickel-metal hydride battery electrodes (1995)

Nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery electrodes have been developed as a substitute for cadmium-containing negative electrodes. Use of NI-MH electrodes offers enhanced electrochemical properties in many instances as well as reduced environmental toxicity. Rechargeable batteries using NI-MH electrodes are also strong candidates for electric vehicles. During the production and secondary reclamation of these battery types, recycling procedures will be needed to prevent environmental impact caused by these wastes as well as to recover the value inherent in the scrap. The US Bureau of Mines (USBM) is investigating hydrometallurgical technology that separates and recovers purified metallic components from Ni-MH battery scrap of two types, AB{sub 2} and AB{sub 5}. An investigation of acid dissolution and metal recovery techniques has determined several processing alternatives that may be used to promote the successful recycling of much of the battery fabrication scrap and eventual secondary scrap. The metals recovered are Ni, Co, and rare earth metals. Although recovery techniques have been identified in principal, their applicability to mixed battery waste stream and economic attractiveness remain to be demonstrated.
Safe to the last instruction (2010)

Typed assembly language (TAL) and Hoare logic can verify the absence of many kinds of errors in low-level code. We use TAL and Hoare logic to achieve highly automated, static verification of the safety of a new operating system called Verve. Our techniques and tools mechanically verify the safety of every assembly language instruction in the operating system, run-time system, drivers, and applications (in fact, every part of the system software except the boot loader). Verve consists of a "Nucleus" that provides primitive access to hardware and memory, a kernel that builds services on top of the Nucleus, and applications that run on top of the kernel. The Nucleus, written in verified assembly language, implements allocation, garbage collection, multiple stacks, interrupt handling, and device access. The kernel, written in C# and compiled to TAL, builds higher-level services, such as preemptive threads, on top of the Nucleus. A TAL checker verifies the safety of the kernel and applications. A Hoare-style verifier with an automated theorem prover verifies both the safety and correctness of the Nucleus. Verve is, to the best of our knowledge, the first operating system mechanically verified to guarantee both type and memory safety. More generally, Verve's approach demonstrates a practical way to mix high-level typed code with low-level untyped code in a verifiably safe manner.
Assemblies of silicon nanoparticles roll up into flexible nanotubes (2005)

When a colloidal dispersion of fluorescent 1 nm silicon nanoparticles in alcohol is subjected to an electric field, the nanoparticles are driven to the surface of the anode substrate, where they form a thin film. Upon drying, the film delaminates from the surface of the anode and rolls up into ∼100μm long nanotube. Nanotube diameters ranging from 0.2 to 5μm with wall thicknesses in the range of 20–40 nm have been achieved. By applying a force on the tubes using atomic force microscopy, we estimate Young’s modulus of the film and find it to be close to that of rubber. We also study the crystalline structure of the film using electron diffraction and find it to be quartzlike.
Point of Care Monitoring of Hemodialysis Patients with a Breath Ammonia Measurement Device Based on Printed Polyaniline Nanoparticle Sensors (2013)

A device for measuring human breath ammonia was developed based on a single use, disposable, inkjet printed ammonia sensor fabricated using polyaniline nanoparticles. The device was optimized for sampling ammonia in human breath samples by addressing issues such as variations in breath sample volume, flow rate, sources of oral ammonia, temperature and humidity. The resulting system was capable of measuring ammonia in breath from 40 to 2993 ppbv (r(2 )= 0.99, n = 3) as correlated with photoacoustic laser spectroscopy and correlation in normal human breath samples yielded a slope of 0.93 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9705 (p < 0.05, n = 11). Measurement of ammonia in the breath of patients with end-stage kidney disease demonstrated its significant reduction following dialysis, while also correlating well with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r = 0.61, p < 0.01, n = 96). Excellent intraindividual correlations were demonstrated between breath ammonia and BUN (0.86 to 0.96), which demonstrates the possibility of using low cost point of care breath ammonia systems as a noninvasive means of monitoring kidney dysfunction and treatment.
Immunological Characterization of Circulating Osteoprotegerin/Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor: Increased Serum Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis (1999)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) is a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family of proteins and plays an important role in the negative regulation of osteoclastic bone resorption. Whether OPG/OCIF circulates in human blood and how its level changes under pathological conditions is not known. To address these issues, a panel of monoclonal antibodies was generated against recombinant OPG/OCIF and screened for reactivity with solid-phase monomeric and homodimeric forms of the recombinant protein. Antibodies that showed high affinity for both forms of OPG/OCIF and those that selectively recognized the homodimer were identified, enabling development of two types of sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): one that detects both forms of OPG/OCIF equally and one specific for the homodimer. Characterization of circulating OPG/OCIF with these ELISAs revealed that the protein exists in human serum mainly in the monomeric form. The serum concentration of OPG/OCIF increased with age in both healthy Japanese men and women, and was significantly higher in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than in age-matched controls. Within the osteoporotic group, serum OPG/OCIF concentrations were higher in patients with low bone mass. Serum OPG/OCIF concentrations were also significantly increased in those postmenopausal women with a high rate of bone turnover, as determined by increased serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urinary excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. The results suggested that circulating OPG/OCIF levels are regulated by an age-related factor(s) and that the increased serum concentration may reflect a compensative response to enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption and the resultant bone loss rather than a cause of osteoporosis.
Pattern recognition and synthesis for sign language translation system (1994)

Sign language is one means of communication for hearing-impaired people. Words and sentences in sign language are mainly represented by hands' gestures. In this report, we show a sign language translation system which we are developing. The system translates Japanese sign language into Japanese and vice versa. In this system, hand shape and position data are inputted using DataGlove. Inputted hand motions are recognized and translated into Japanese sentences. Japanese text is translated into sign language represented as 3-D computer-graphic animation of sign language gestures.
PREPARATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE ADSORBENT FROM COPPER(II) CHLORIDE AND ACTIVE CARBON (1986)

Abstract A novel adsorbent of carbon monoxide is prepared by stirring 15.0 mmol of copper(II) chloride and 10.0 g of active carbon in water, followed by removal of the liquid phase at 0.06 mmHg, 180 °C. The adsorbent rapidly adsorbs carbon monoxide from 9:1 carbon monoxide-helium mixture under 1 atm at 20 °C, and the equilibrium amount of adsorbed carbon monoxide is 10.0 mmol.
Biasing web search results for topic familiarity (2005)

Depending on a web searcher's familiarity with a query's target topic, it may be more appropriate to show her introductory or advanced documents. The TREC HARD [1] track defined topic familiarity as meta-data associated with a user's query. We instead define a user-independent and query-independent model of topic-familiarity required to read a document, so it can be matched to a given user in response to a query. An introductory web page is defined as A web page that doesn't presuppose any background knowledge of the topic it is on, and to an extent introduces or defines the key terms in the topic. while an advanced web page is defined as A web page that assumes sufficient background knowledge of the topic it is on, and familiarity with the key technical/ important terms in the topic, and potentially builds on them. We develop a method for biasing the initial mix of documents returned by a search engine to increase the number of documents of desired familiarity level up to position 5, and up to position 10. Our method involves building a supervised text classifier, incorporating features based on reading level, the distribution of stop-words in the text, and non-text features such as average line-length. Using this familiarity classifier, we achieve statistically significant improvements at reranking the result set to show introductory documents higher up the ranked list. Our classifier can be seamlessly integrated into current search engine technology without involving any major modifications to existing architectures.
<title>Aperture correlation approach to confocal microscopy</title> (1997)

We describe a new form of light-efficient real time confocal microscope which requires neither a laser nor scanning in order to obtain a real time confocal image. The approach is based on aperture correlation techniques.
Purification and Characterization of an Antihypertensive Compound from<i>Lactohacillus casei</i> (1990)

Antihypertensive compounds were purified from an extract of autologous Lactobacillus casei cell lysates. The most effective compounds were polysaccharide-glycopeptide complexes, found in the cell wall. The average molecular weight was estimated as 180,000 from gel filtration using Sephacryl S-300. The polysaccharide moiety of the complexes consisted of glucose, rhamnose, and galactose, whereas the glycopeptide moiety consisted of N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, asparagine, glutamine, alanine, and lysine. The varieties of the components of these moieties were constant and independent of complex molecular size. When these complexes were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and renal hypertensive rats (RHR) at doses of 1 mg/kg-body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 10-20 mmHg 6 to 12 hr after administration without any change in heart rate. Appreciable hypotensive activity was lost by treating the complexes with hydrofluoric acid, which hydrolytically cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the polysaccharide and glycopeptide moiety.
Suppression of survivin phosphorylation on Thr34 by flavopiridol enhances tumor cell apoptosis. (2003)

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family that is expressed in most human cancers and may facilitate evasion from apoptosis and aberrant mitotic progression. Here, exposure of breast carcinoma MCF-7 or cervical carcinoma HeLa cells to anticancer agents, including Adriamycin, Taxol, or UVB resulted in a 4-5-fold increased survivin expression. Changes in survivin levels after anticancer treatment did not involve modulation of survivin mRNA expression and were independent of de novo gene transcription. Conversely, inhibition of survivin phosphorylation on Thr(34) by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol resulted in loss of survivin expression, and nonphosphorylatable survivin Thr(34)-->Ala exhibited accelerated clearance as compared with wild-type survivin. Sequential ablation of survivin phosphorylation on Thr(34) enhanced tumor cell apoptosis induced by anticancer agents independently of p53 and suppressed tumor growth without toxicity in a breast cancer xenograft model in vivo. These data suggest that Thr(34) phosphorylation critically regulates survivin levels in tumor cells and that sequential ablation of p34(cdc2) kinase activity may remove the survivin viability checkpoint and enhance apoptosis in tumor cells.
A prototype superconducting gravity gradiometer (1985)

We report the successful laboratory test of a single-axis gradiometer designed to measure a diagonal component of the earth's gravitational gradient tensor. It Consists of a pair of accelerometers mounted with their sensitive axes vertical and in line. The difference in displacement of the accelerometers is proportional to the component of the tensor gradient and is sensed via the modulated inductance of a superconducting coil coupled by a superconducting transformer into an RF biased SHE SQUID with energy sensitivity 4 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-29</sup> J/Hz. Rejection of in-line common mode accelerations is achieved by trimming the natural resonant frequency of each accelerometer: the restoring force acting on an accelerometer test mass is partly magnetic and can be trimmed by adjusting the persistent currents in a pair of force coils. A common mode rejection ratio exceeding 95 dB has been achieved in the presence of linear accelerations <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 10^{-3}</tex> ms <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , and a laboratory generated gradient of 30 Eö rms has been detected with a signal to noise ratio of about 100. The dependence of this signal on the distance between source and detector has the expected Newtonian form. Under quiet conditions the background noise level of the instrument is at present 3 Eö/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sqrt{Hz}</tex> . ( 1 Eö = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .) This is close to the practical limit achievable for such a single axis configuration: a three axis instrument for geophysical application is under development.
A high-performance linear predictor employing vector quantization in nonorthogonal domains with application to speech (2003)

Linear prediction (LP) is a powerful technique for efficient source-system model based representation of signals, such as speech, and video, with useful applications including compression, and recognition. This has been found to be particularly true when vector quantization is used to code the linear predictor coefficients. Recently, signal processing in multiple nonorthogonal domains has been reported that further enhances the efficiency of signal representation. In this contribution, a novel LP model based coding technique is presented where the advantages of multiple nonorthogonal domain representations of the LP coefficients and the prediction residuals are exploited in conjunction with vector quantization to yield considerable LP coding enhancement. The proposed signal coding technique is applied to one of the most commonly used signals, namely, speech. The resulting performance improvement is clearly demonstrated in terms of reconstruction quality for the same bit rate compared to the existing single domain vector quantization techniques.
Haltere-Like Optoelectromechanical Gyroscope (2016)

We report an optoelectromechanical vibratory gyroscope inspired by halteres of dipteran flies. The gyroscope utilizes optical displacement sensing to achieve a Brownian-motion-limited displacement sensitivity without mechanical resonant amplification in the sense mode. This yields a threefold difference between the resonance frequencies of the drive and sense modes, corresponding to a theoretical bandwidth of over 200 Hz, without compromising the sensitivity. Our measurements show a noise-equivalent rotation rate of 3°/h/Hz$^{\mathrm {1/2}}$ under atmospheric-pressure conditions.
Laser damage precursors in fused silica (2009)

There is a longstanding, and largely unexplained, correlation between the laser damage susceptibility of optical components and both the surface quality of the optics, and the presence of near surface fractures in an optic. In the present work, a combination of acid leaching, acid etching, and confocal time resolved photoluminescence (CTP) microscopy has been used to study laser damage initiation at indentation sites. The combination of localized polishing and variations in indentation loads allows one to isolate and characterize the laser damage susceptibility of densified, plastically flowed and fractured fused silica. The present results suggest that: 1) laser damage initiation and growth are strongly correlated with fracture surfaces, while densified and plastically flowed material is relatively benign, and 2) fracture events result in the formation of an electronically defect rich surface layer which promotes energy transfer from the optical beam to the glass matrix.
Interactive wifi connectivity for moving vehicles (2008)

We ask if the ubiquity of WiFi can be leveraged to provide cheap connectivity from moving vehicles for common applications such as Web browsing and VoIP. Driven by this question, we conduct a study of connection quality available to vehicular WiFi clients based on measurements from testbeds in two different cities. We find that current WiFi handoff methods, in which clients communicate with one basestation at a time, lead to frequent disruptions in connectivity. We also find that clients can overcome many disruptions by communicating with multiple basestations simultaneously. These findings lead us to develop ViFi, a protocol that opportunistically exploits basestation diversity to minimize disruptions and support interactive applications for mobile clients. ViFi uses a decentralized and lightweight probabilistic algorithm for coordination between participating basestations. Our evaluation using a two-month long deployment and trace-driven simulations shows that its link-layer performance comes close to an ideal diversity-based protocol. Using two applications, VoIP and short TCP transfers, we show that the link layer performance improvement translates to better application performance. In our deployment, ViFi doubles the number of successful short TCP transfers and doubles the length of disruption-free VoIP sessions compared to an existing WiFi-style handoff protocol.
TESTS OF IGNITION IMPROVERS FOR ETHANOL: PHASE II (1995)

Tests of a number of ignition improvers for ethanol have been conducted in a single cylinder direct-injected diesel engine of passenger car type. The improvers were mainly different polyethylene glycols (PEG). The aim of the experiments has been to find a more efficient species. The ignition improvers traditionally used for ethanol are different nitrates, and since they are related to a number of engine and environmental problems it is a wish to replace them. The improvers have been tested by measuring the ignition delay of ethanol with different percentages, at different engine inlet air temperatures. The tests have been conducted at a high engine speed and a low load since these are the most critical conditions for the ignition delay. The results show that the different polyethylene glycol derivatives yield rather small differences in ignition delay. The structure of the PEG-molecules, straight or branched, does not seem very important but the ignition delay decreases with the molecular weight. The possibilities of increasing the molecular mass are however limited, since this decreases the solubility. The most efficient improver is a nitrate ester. (A)