gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tight clustering and hemizygosity of apomixis-linked molecular markers in <i>Pennisetum squamulatum</i> implies genetic control of apospory by a divergent locus that may have no allelic form in sexual genotypes (1998)

Apomixis is a naturally occurring mode of reproduction that results in embryo formation without the involvement of meiosis or fertilization of the egg. Seed-derived progeny of an apomictic plant are genetically identical to the maternal parent. We are studying a form of apomixis called apospory that occurs in the genus Pennisetum, a taxon in the grass family. A cultivated member of this genus, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), reproduces sexually. A wild relative of pearl millet, Pennisetum squamulatum, that is an obligate aposporous species, is cross-compatible with pearl millet when used as a pollen donor in the interspecific cross. We present herein the genetic mapping of 13 molecular markers in an interspecific hybrid population of 397 individuals that segregates for apomixis and sexuality. Surprisingly, 12 of the 13 markers strictly cosegregated with aposporous embryo sac development, clearly defining a contiguous apospory-specific genomic region in which no genetic recombination was detected. Lack of or suppression of recombination may be coincidentally associated with the chromosomal context of the apomixis locus or it may be a consequence of its evolution that is essential for preservation of gene function as has been previously shown in studies of complex loci in both plant and animal species.
Three Homologues, Including Two Membrane-bound Proteins, of the Disulfide Oxidoreductase DsbA in Neisseria meningitidis (2004)

Many proteins, especially membrane and exported proteins, are stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bridges between cysteine residues without which they fail to attain their native functional conformation. The formation of these bonds is catalyzed in Gram-negative bacteria by enzymes of the Dsb system. Thus, the activity of DsbA has been shown to be necessary for many phenotypes dependent on exported proteins, including adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of various pathogens. The Dsb system in Neisseria meningitidis, the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis, has not, however, been studied. In a previous work where genes specific to N. meningitidis and not present in the other pathogenic Neisseria were isolated, a meningococcus-specific dsbA gene was brought to light (Tinsley, C. R., and Nassif, X. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 11109-11114). Inactivation of this gene, however, did not result in deficits in the phenotypes commonly associated with DsbA. A search of available genome data revealed that the meningococcus contains three dsbA genes encoding proteins with different predicted subcellular locations, i.e. a soluble periplasmic enzyme and two membrane-bound lipoproteins. Cell fractionation experiments confirmed the localization in the inner membrane of the latter two, which include the previously identified meningococcus-specific enzyme. Mutational analysis demonstrated that the deletion of any single enzyme was compensated by the action of the remaining two on bacterial growth, whereas the triple mutant was unable to grow at 37 degrees C. Remarkably, however, the combined absence of the two membrane-bound enzymes led to a phenotype of sensitivity to reducing agents and loss of functionality of the pili. Although in many species a single periplasmic DsbA is sufficient for the correct folding of various proteins, in the meningococcus a membrane-associated DsbA is required for a wild type DsbA+ phenotype even in the presence of a functional periplasmic DsbA.
Flight Test of Takeoff Performance Monitoring System (1994)

The Takeoff Performance Monitoring System (TOPMS) is a computer and hardware graphics system that visually displays current runway position, acceleration performance, engine status, and other situation advisory information to aid pilots in their decision to continue or to abort a takeoff. The system was developed at the Langley Research Center using the fixed-base Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV) simulator. (The TSRV is a highly modified Boeing 737-100 research airplane.) Several versions of the TOPMS displays were evaluated on the TSRV B-737 simulator by more than 40 research, United States Air Force, airline and industry and pilots who rated the system satisfactory and recommended further development and testing. In this study, the TOPMS was flight tested on the TSRV. A total of 55 takeoff and 30 abort situations were investigated at 5 airfields. TOPMS displays were observed on the navigation display screen in the TSRV research flight deck during various nominal and off-nominal situations, including normal takeoffs; reduced-throttle takeoffs; induced-acceleration deficiencies; simulated-engine failures; and several gross-weight, runway-geometry, runway-surface, and ambient conditions. All tests were performed on dry runways. The TOPMS software executed accurately during the flight tests and the displays correctly depicted the various test conditions. Evaluation pilots found the displays easy to monitor and understand. The algorithm provides pretakeoff predictions of the nominal distances that are needed to accelerate the airplane to takeoff speed and to brake it to a stop; these predictions agreed reasonably well with corresponding values measured during several fully executed and aborted takeoffs. The TOPMS is operational and has been retained on the TSRV for general use and demonstration.
Adaptive Semi-supervised Learning for Cross-domain Sentiment Classification (2018)

We consider the cross-domain sentiment classification problem, where a sentiment classifier is to be learned from a source domain and to be generalized to a target domain. Our approach explicitly minimizes the distance between the source and the target instances in an embedded feature space. With the difference between source and target minimized, we then exploit additional information from the target domain by consolidating the idea of semi-supervised learning, for which, we jointly employ two regularizations -entropy minimization and self-ensemble bootstrapping -to incorporate the unlabeled target data for classifier refinement. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can better leverage unlabeled data from the target domain and achieve substantial improvements over baseline methods in various experimental settings.
Anamorphic eyepiece for increased field of view (2010)

An innovative design for an anamorphic eyepiece is described, which uses a microlens array with complicated surface features used in conjunction with a modified microdisplay to provide a high resolution image with a panoramic field of view.
Assembly Concepts for Aircraft Cabin Installation (2010)

The development of visionary integration concepts for the aircraft cabin is essential for the reduction of assembly times. In this paper the results of multiple joint research projects between the Hamburg University of Technology and Airbus Operations GmbH are presented. Based on an extensive as-is analysis, first concepts were set up applying prevalent design for assembly guidelines and resulting in the definition of top-level-requirements for the design and installation processes of aircraft cabins. Further research contained an analysis of the assembly processes of the cabin components in relation to their product structures. Concepts were generated using the PKT own developed modularization method. The method considers all relevant strategic perspectives of a company, one of which is the assembly. At the end a final assembly line optimized concept was defined. The concept mainly concentrates on the over-head storage bins, the so called Hatracks, the passenger service units (PSUs) and the lining panels. Since in the common way, all components are separately handled and mounted, their installation turned out to be the bottle neck of the assembly process. According to the developed measures, the degree of pre-assembly is raised. Thereby time intensive assembly tasks are parallelized and performed independently outside of the aircraft in earlier production phases. Due to the geometric dimensions and weight of the resulting cabin modules in this context, the utilization of a handling device becomes obligatory. The positive effects on the overall lead time reduction are evaluated. For all developed concept aspects technology demonstrators were constructed representing the overall installation process. Tests were performed in order to validate the estimated benefits.
Efficient, adaptive and scalable device activation for M2M communications (2015)

When traffic arrives from the network for an idled mobile device, the network executes device activation procedures to wake the device up. Current device activation mechanisms are ill suited to support the expected growth of machine-to-machine (M2M) devices and traffic. We propose an adaptive device activation architecture for LTE/EPC cellular networks that adapts to network conditions and M2M application requirements to realize scalable device activation without increasing the resources used for this purpose. Our evaluation shows that our adaptive approach enables the network to handle M2M applications with a large number of devices without negatively impacting existing human-to-human (H2H) and human-to-machine (H2M) traffic.
Continuous Synthesis of Polymer-Coated Drug Particles by Porous Hollow Fiber Membrane-Based Antisolvent Crystallization (2014)

Using porous hollow fiber membranes, this study illustrates a novel technique to continuously synthesize polymer-coated drug crystals by antisolvent crystallization. The synthesized polymer-coated drug crystals involve crystals of the drug Griseofulvin (GF) coated by a thin layer of the polymer Eudragit RL100. The process feed, an acetone solution of the drug GF containing the dissolved polymer, was passed through the shell side of a membrane module containing many porous hollow fibers of Nylon-6. Through the lumen of the hollow fibers, the antisolvent water was passed at a higher pressure to inject water jets through every pore in the fiber wall into the shell-side acetone feed solution, creating an extremely high level of supersaturation and immediate crystallization. It appears that the GF crystals are formed first and serve as nuclei for the precipitation of the polymer Eudragit, which forms a thin coating around the GF crystals. The polymer-coated drug crystals were collected by a filtration device at the shell-side outlet of the membrane module, and the surface morphology, particle size distribution, and the polymer coating thickness were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To study the properties of the coated drug crystals, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and dissolution tests were implemented. These results indicate that a polymer-coated, free-flowing product was successfully developed under appropriate conditions in this novel porous hollow fiber antisolvent crystallization (PHFAC) method. The coated drug particles can be potentially used for controlled release. The molecular and the crystal structures of GF were not affected by the PHFAC method, which may be easily scaled up.
Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation (2003)

Viscously damped objects driven through a periodically modulated potential energy landscape can become kinetically locked in to commensurate directions through the landscape, and thus can be deflected away from the driving direction. We demonstrate that the threshold for an object to become kinetically locked in to an array can depend exponentially on its size. When implemented with an array of holographic optical tweezers, this provides the basis for a continuous and continuously optimized sorting technique for mesoscopic objects called ``optical fractionation''.
Optically Controlled Alignment of Liquid Crystals: Devices and Applications (1994)

Abstract Optically controlled homogeneous-to-homogeneous alignment of liquid crystal molecules using polarized light is discussed. Applications of this technology and experimental results that support these applications are presented.
Millimeter And Submillimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits On Quartz (1995)

Proposed Quartz substrate Upside-down Integrated Device (QUID) relies on UV-curable adhesive to bond semiconductor with quartz. Integrated circuits including planar GaAs Schottky diodes and passive circuit elements (such as bandpass filters) fabricated on quartz substrates. Circuits designed to operate as mixers in waveguide circuit at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Integrated circuits mechanically more robust, larger, and easier to handle than planar Schottky diode chips. Quartz substrate more suitable for waveguide circuits than GaAs substrate.
Dual site model for the organogenic activity of angiogenin. (1991)

The residues that are indispensable for the ribonucleolytic activity of angiogenin are also known to be essential for its angiogenic activity. We now demonstrate that residues in another region of the protein, devoid of catalytic residues, are additionally required for angiogenesis. Endoproteinase Lys-C or a baby hamster kidney cell protease cleaves angiogenin at the peptide bond either between Lys-60 and Asn-61 or between Glu-67 and Asn-68, respectively. The two polypeptide fragments resulting from either cleavage remain linked by disulfide bonds. These two derivatives and des-(Asn61-Glu67)-angiogenin--in which both bonds are cleaved--retain their ribonucleolytic activities toward tRNA, 18S and 28S rRNA, and dinucleoside phosphates but are no longer angiogenic on the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Further, their capacity to elicit a second messenger response in endothelial cells is greatly decreased. Moreover, none of these three derivatives inhibit angiogenin-induced angiogenesis. This contrasts with two active site mutants of angiogenin. These results identify the residues from 60 to 68 as a region of angiogenin that is part of a cell-surface receptor binding site [see accompanying manuscript: Hu, G.-F., Chang, S.-I., Riordan, J.F. & Vallee, B.L. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 2227-2231] and serve as the basis for a dual site model of the organogenic activity of angiogenin.
A low-power resonant micromachined compass (2004)

This paper describes a micromachined magnetic field sensor based on magnetic resonant structures. A micromechanical resonator fabricated using surface micromachining techniques is modified so as to incorporate a magnetic material. The shift of the fundamental mechanical resonant frequency of the device, caused by the interaction of the external magnetic field and the magnetic component of the resonant system, is used to determine the amplitude or the direction of the external field. We have designed, fabricated and tested two types of micromachined magnetic field sensors relying on the proposed principle of operation. The fabrication of the sensors follows CMOS-compatible and low temperature processes based on surface micromachining. Devices have been fabricated which exhibit a minimum resolution of 45° at 30 μT or less, at an excitation voltage of 10 V, demonstrating their utility as a magnetic compass. The power consumed to actuate the resonator is on the order of 20 nW. A theoretical model of the magnetic field sensor was developed using vibration analysis and nonlinear deflection theory. Good agreement was observed between the predicted and observed behavior of the compass.
Probing excited-state lifetimes of particles and cells labeled with fluorescent tags in flow cytometry (1995)

We present a novel technique, based on phase-sensitive flow cytometric principles,1,2 that probes the excited state lifetimes of fluorochrome-labeled cells in flow simultaneously at more than one modulation frequency. It allows one to distinguish, in real time, between single-exponential and nonexponential decays for each cell at a high speed (hundreds to thousands of cells per second).
Acquiring ontological knowledge from query logs (2007)

We present a method for acquiring ontological knowledge using search query logs. We first use query logs to identify important contexts associated with terms belonging to a semantic category; we then use these contexts to harvest new words belonging to this category. Our evaluation on selected categories indicates that the method works very well to help harvesting terms, achieving 85% to 95% accuracy in categorizing newly acquired terms.
Extracting dispersion curve and filtering of acoustic data with wavelet transform (2012)

Dispersion curves of acoustic data carry important information about the acoustic state of the rock. By dispersion curves, we refer to the group and phase slowness (reciprocal of velocity) as a function of frequency. Because such information is critical to quantitatively understand the formation properties of rocks there is a need for robust and automatic method for extracting dispersion curves from acoustic waves received by an array of receivers to characterize the properties of the rocks surrounding a borehole. In this paper we propose an approach to automatically extract the slowness dispersion of acoustic waves received by an array of receivers. The method has been developed in order to achieve the dispersion extraction without the use of any physical model, but rather exploiting the time frequency localization of the propagating mode and the continuity of the dispersion curve as a function of frequency. After the dispersion curve extraction is performed, properties of the continuous wavelet transform allow the reconstruction of the mode corresponding to the extracted dispersion curve. This approach can then be done iteratively to extract various modes propagating across a receiver array. Examples on synthetic and real data will be presented to illustrate this methodology.
The pathogenesis of turkey origin reoviruses in turkeys and chickens (2005)

Avian reoviruses that have been shown to be genetically distinct from chicken origin reoviruses were isolated from commercial turkey flocks in the Southeastern US and Texas that were experiencing enteritis. The pathogenesis of these turkey origin reoviruses (TRVs) was evaluated in commercial and specific pathogen free (SPF) turkey poults and SPF chickens. Mortality, clinical disease, gross lesions, microscopic lesions and body weights were observed. TRVs replicated poorly and did not cause disease in chickens. Clinical disease induced by the TRV isolates, characterized by diarrhoea and depression, was mild in both SPF and commercial origin poults. Several TRV isolates caused moderate to severe bursal atrophy in poults. Additionally, each of the TRV isolates caused significant body weight decreases in SPF and/or commercial poults as compared with sham inoculates. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed that the TRVs and chicken origin reoviruses had identical electropherotype profiles.
Anti-Factor IX Antibodies Displaying FVIIIa-Like Activity. (2006)

Abstract One of the key events during hemostasis is the conversion of the zymogen factor X (FX) into its enzymatically active form FXa by the protease factor IXa (FIXa). FIXa assembles on a phospholipid surface together with its cofactor factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) which transforms FIXa from a very poor enzyme into a highly active protease. In order to mimic the stimulating effect of coagulation FVIIIa on FIXa, we identified a series of antibodies specific for FIX that exhibit FVIII-like activity. Upon binding to human FIXa these antibodies increased the turnover number (kcat) of FIXa-catalysed FX activation approximately 10-fold. Procoagulant activity of these anti-FIXa antibodies could be detected in model systems containing purified proteins as well as in FVIII-depleted plasma and FVIII-inhibitor plasma. In plasma-assays contact activators and tissue factor were applied as a trigger, and the antibodies were effective in both cases. Our findings demonstrate that FVIII can be at least partially replaced by an antibody which might open up a new strategy for improving the treatment of hemophilia.
Rastering strategy for screening and centring of microcrystal samples of human membrane proteins with a sub-10 µm size X-ray synchrotron beam (2009)

Crystallization of human membrane proteins in lipidic cubic phase often results in very small but highly ordered crystals. Advent of the sub-10 microm minibeam at the APS GM/CA CAT has enabled the collection of high quality diffraction data from such microcrystals. Herein we describe the challenges and solutions related to growing, manipulating and collecting data from optically invisible microcrystals embedded in an opaque frozen in meso material. Of critical importance is the use of the intense and small synchrotron beam to raster through and locate the crystal sample in an efficient and reliable manner. The resulting diffraction patterns have a significant reduction in background, with strong intensity and improvement in diffraction resolution compared with larger beam sizes. Three high-resolution structures of human G protein-coupled receptors serve as evidence of the utility of these techniques that will likely be useful for future structural determination efforts. We anticipate that further innovations of the technologies applied to microcrystallography will enable the solving of structures of ever more challenging targets.
Design optimization of bowtie nanoantenna for high-efficiency thermophotovoltaics (2013)

A novel matching technique and the field enhancement at the terminals of a bowtie nanoantenna are utilized to develop compact, highly efficient, and flexible thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells. The bowtie antenna is designed for maximum power transfer to a near infrared band (1 μm to 2.2 μm) of a TPV cell using Indium Gallium Arsenide Antimonide (InGaAsSb). A nano-meter size block of InGaAsSb with a low bandgap energy of 0.52 eV is mounted at the terminals of the antenna. Such a load presents a frequency dependent impedance with a high resistance and capacitance at the desired frequency (180 THz). For maximum power transfer, a high impedance bowtie antenna operating at the anti-resonance mode in conjunction with an inductive stub is realized. The plasmonic behavior of the metal that tends to reduce the antenna size is partially compensated by the extra length needed to achieve the anti-resonance condition. At the desired band, the proposed nanoantenna loaded with InGaAsSb block shows an electric field intensity at the antenna terminals, which is approximately 23.5 times higher than the incident electric field intensity. This feature allows for development of efficient TPV cell and sensitive IR detectors. The infinite array of the bowtie antennas backed by a metallic reflector located at a quarter-wave behind the array is shown to absorb ∼95% of the incident power, which is more than 50% higher than the bulk InGaAsSb TPV cell. A novel configuration of the bowtie nanoantenna array is also presented that allows for collection of DC currents through an almost arbitrary parallel or series configuration of TPV cells without adversely affecting the IR performance of the individual antennas. In this scheme, elements can be arranged to be polarization dependent or independent.