gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive avoidance using embedded stereo vision for MAV flight (2015)

High speed, low latency obstacle avoidance is essential for enabling Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) to function in cluttered and dynamic environments. While other systems exist that do high-level mapping and 3D path planning for obstacle avoidance, most of these systems require high-powered CPUs on-board or off-board control from a ground station. We present a novel entirely on-board approach, leveraging a light-weight low power stereo vision system on FPGA. Our approach runs at a frame rate of 60 frames a second on VGA-sized images and minimizes latency between image acquisition and performing reactive maneuvers, allowing MAVs to fly more safely and robustly in complex environments. We also suggest our system as a light-weight safety layer for systems undertaking more complex tasks, like mapping the environment. Finally, we show our algorithm implemented on a lightweight, very computationally constrained platform, and demonstrate obstacle avoidance in a variety of environments.
Benzothiadiazole-containing donor–acceptor–acceptor type organic sensitizers for solar cells with ZnO photoanodes (2012)

Dye-sensitized solar cells using nanocrystalline ZnO as the photoanode and a metal-free sensitizer with a benzothiadiazole entity directly connected to the 2-cyanoacrylic acid acceptor exhibited an efficiency (5.18%) higher than those using the TiO(2) photoanode. Use of a hierarchical ZnO back scattering layer further improved the efficiency to 5.82%.
Mitochondrial Membrane Hyperpolarization Hijacks Activated T Lymphocytes Toward the Apoptotic-Prone Phenotype: Homeostatic Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors (2003)

A decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential has been hypothesized to be a marker of apoptotic cells, including activated T lymphocytes. It was recently demonstrated that HIV protease inhibitors, independently from any viral infection, can hinder lymphocyte apoptosis by influencing mitochondrial homeostasis. To analyze the mechanisms underlying these effects, a specific study was undertaken in both resting and activated human PBL exposed to either receptor (e.g., anti-Fas)- or nonreceptor (e.g., radiation)-mediated apoptotic stimuli. T cell activation was found to be accompanied by a significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential, or hyperpolarization, which was undetectable in resting cells. We also detected apoptotic hindering by HIV protease inhibitors only in activated T lymphocytes. This was apparently due to the ability of these drugs to block activation-associated mitochondria hyperpolarization, which, in turn, was paralleled by an impairment of cell cycle progression. Remarkably, protease inhibitors also prevented zidovudine-mediated mitochondrial toxicity. Finally, HIV-infected cells from naive patients behaved identically to activated T cells, displaying hyperpolarized mitochondria, while lymphocytes from patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (which included HIV protease inhibitors) seemed to react as resting cells. Altogether these results clearly indicate that the hyperpolarization state of mitochondria may represent a prerequisite for the sensitization of lymphocytes to the so-called activation-induced cell death. They also suggest that HIV protease inhibitors, by interfering with induction of the mitochondrial hyperpolarization state, can result in cell survival even independent of any viral infection.
Analog neuromorphic computing enabled by multi-gate programmable resistive devices (2015)

Analog neural networks represent a massively parallel computing paradigm by mimicking the human brain. Two important functions that are not efficiently built by CMOS technology for their practical hardware implementations are weighting for synapse circuits and summing for neuron circuits. In this paper we propose the use of tunable analog resistances, such as multi-gate graphene devices, to efficiently enable these two functions. We design and demonstrate a complete analog neuromorphic circuitry enabled by such devices. Simulation results based on Verilog-A compact models for graphene devices confirm its functionality. We also provide experimental demonstration of our proposed graphene device along with projected circuit performance based on scaling targets. Our proposed design is suitable not only for the device example shown in this paper, but also for any beyond-CMOS technology that exhibits similar device characteristics.
10-Gb/s Transmission Over 100 Mm of Standard Fiber Using 2R Regeneration in an Optical Loop Mirror (2004)

The transmission of a 10-Gb/s data stream was demonstrated experimentally over a practically unlimited distance in a standard single-mode fiber system using nonlinear optical loop mirrors as simple in-line 2R regenerators. Error-free propagation over 100 000 km has been achieved with terrestrial amplifier spacing.
The “similarity” and “heterogeneity” theses in studying innovation: evidence from the end-of-life vehicle case (1998)

The paper seeks to understand how eight companies in the European car industry responded to changing business conditions under the threat of regulation on the waste problem of end-of-life vehicles. It was observed that the companies pursued diverging innovation tracks in dealing with the regulatory pressure, although competing in the same markets and subject to similar regulatory pressure. The case is interesting to consider in the light of recent discussions of differences in styles of innovation. The question then is whether any sort of style of innovation may be distinguished in the diverging innovation tracks. The objective of the paper is to add to these discussions by considering the results of this case study in the light of “similarity” and heterogeneity hypotheses that may be advanced around “styles” of innovation.
Force‐based control of a compact spinal milling robot (2010)

The spinal milling robot could provide steady manipulation, facilitate the surgeon's labour with an automatic feeding process and improve the safety of the operation with enhanced monitoring.
Feral Concurrency Control (2015)

The rise of data-intensive "Web 2.0" Internet services has led to a range of popular new programming frameworks that collectively embody the latest incarnation of the vision of Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) systems, albeit at unprecedented scale. In this work, we empirically investigate modern ORM-backed applications' use and disuse of database concurrency control mechanisms. Specifically, we focus our study on the common use of feral, or application-level, mechanisms for maintaining database integrity, which, across a range of ORM systems, often take the form of declarative correctness criteria, or invariants. We quantitatively analyze the use of these mechanisms in a range of open source applications written using the Ruby on Rails ORM and find that feral invariants are the most popular means of ensuring integrity (and, by usage, are over 37 times more popular than transactions). We evaluate which of these feral invariants actually ensure integrity (by usage, up to 86.9%) and which---due to concurrency errors and lack of database support---may lead to data corruption (the remainder), which we experimentally quantify. In light of these findings, we present recommendations for database system designers for better supporting these modern ORM programming patterns, thus eliminating their adverse effects on application integrity.
The Role of<i>Klebsiella</i>in Crohn’s Disease with a Potential for the Use of Antimicrobial Measures (2013)

There is a general consensus that Crohn's disease (CD) develops as the result of immune-mediated tissue damage triggered by infections with intestinal microbial agents. Based on the results of existing microbiological, molecular, and immunological studies, Klebsiella microbe seems to have a key role in the initiation and perpetuation of the pathological damage involving the gut and joint tissues in patients with CD. Six different gastroenterology centres in the UK have reported elevated levels of antibodies to Klebsiella in CD patients. There is a relationship between high intake of starch-containing diet, enhanced growth of gut microbes, and the production of pullulanases by Klebsiella. It is proposed that eradication of these microbes by the use of antibiotics and low starch diet, in addition to the currently used treatment, could help in alleviating or halting the disease process in CD.
The O4 specific antigen moiety of lipopolysaccharide but not the K54 group 2 capsule is important for urovirulence of an extraintestinal isolate of Escherichia coli (1996)

Group 2 capsules and lipopolysaccharides are regarded as important virulence factors in extraintestinal isolates of Escherichia coli, but their specific contributions to bladder and renal infections, if any, are unknown. Proven isogenic derivatives deficient in the K54 antigen alone (CP9.137), the O4 antigen alone (CP921), or both the K54 and O4 antigens (CP923) were compared with their wild-type parent (CP9 [O4/K54JH5]) for growth in human urine in vitro and for virulence in vivo in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection (UTI). Growth of CP9.137 and CP921 was equivalent to that of CP9 in human urine. CP923 demonstrated a small but reproducible decrease in log-phase growth but achieved the same plateau density. In the mouse model of UTI, the isogenic mutant deficient in the 04 antigen alone (CP921) and, to a greater degree, the derivative deficient in both the K54 and O4 antigens (CP923) were significantly less virulent in nearly all parameters measured. In contrast, the K54 knockout derivative was as virulent as its parent, CP9, in causing bladder infection and nearly as virulent in causing renal infection. These results demonstrate an important role for the O4 antigen moiety of lipopolysaccharide in the pathogenesis of UTI. The possibility that the K54 antigen also plays a minor role cannot be excluded.
Colistin Methanesulfonate Is an Inactive Prodrug of Colistin against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2006)

There is a dearth of information on the pharmacodynamics of "colistin," despite its increasing use as a last line of defense for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms. The antimicrobial activities of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) were investigated by studying the time-kill kinetics of each against a type culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. The appearance of colistin from CMS spiked at 8.0 and 32 mg/liter was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, which generated colistin concentration-time profiles. These concentration-time profiles were subsequently mimicked in other incubations, independent of CMS, by incrementally spiking colistin. When the cultures were spiked with CMS at either concentration, there was a substantial delay in the onset of the killing effect which was not evident until the concentrations of colistin generated from the hydrolysis of CMS had reached approximately 0.5 to 1 mg/liter (i.e., approximately 0.5 to 1 times the MIC for colistin). The time course of the killing effect was similar when colistin was added incrementally to achieve the same colistin concentration-time course observed from the hydrolysis of CMS. Given that the killing kinetics of CMS can be accounted for by the appearance of colistin, CMS is an inactive prodrug of colistin with activity against P. aeruginosa. This is the first study to demonstrate the formation of colistin in microbiological media containing CMS and to demonstrate that CMS is an inactive prodrug of colistin. These findings have important implications for susceptibility testing involving "colistin," in particular, for MIC measurement and for microbiological assays and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
SCIM Profile For Enhancing Just-In-Time Provisioning (2014)

This document specifies a profile of the System for Cross-Domain
Identity Management Protocol (SCIM). Servers which implement protocols
such as SAML or OpenID Connect receive user identities through those
protocols and often cache them, and this profile of SCIM defines how
an identity provider can notify a SCIM server of changes to user
accounts.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a means to measure brain iron? A post mortem validation study (2012)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel technique which allows determining the bulk magnetic susceptibility distribution of tissue in vivo from gradient echo magnetic resonance phase images. It is commonly assumed that paramagnetic iron is the predominant source of susceptibility variations in gray matter as many studies have reported a reasonable correlation of magnetic susceptibility with brain iron concentrations in vivo. Instead of performing direct comparisons, however, all these studies used the putative iron concentrations reported in the hallmark study by Hallgren and Sourander (1958) for their analysis. Consequently, the extent to which QSM can serve to reliably assess brain iron levels is not yet fully clear. To provide such information we investigated the relation between bulk tissue magnetic susceptibility and brain iron concentration in unfixed (in situ) post mortem brains of 13 subjects using MRI and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A strong linear correlation between chemically determined iron concentration and bulk magnetic susceptibility was found in gray matter structures (r=0.84, p<0.001), whereas the correlation coefficient was much lower in white matter (r=0.27, p<0.001). The slope of the overall linear correlation was consistent with theoretical considerations of the magnetism of ferritin supporting that most of the iron in the brain is bound to ferritin proteins. In conclusion, iron is the dominant source of magnetic susceptibility in deep gray matter and can be assessed with QSM. In white matter regions the estimation of iron concentrations by QSM is less accurate and more complex because the counteracting contribution from diamagnetic myelinated neuronal fibers confounds the interpretation.
Evolution of Genome Size in Duckweeds (<i>Lemnaceae</i>) (2011)

To extensively estimate the DNA content and to provide a basic reference for duckweed genome sequence research, the nuclear DNA content for 115 different accessions of 23 duckweed species was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) stained with propidium iodide as DNA stain. The 1C-value of DNA content in duckweed family varied nearly thirteen-fold, ranging from 150 megabases (Mbp) in Spirodela polyrhiza to 1,881 Mbp in Wolffia arrhiza . There is a continuous increase of DNA content in Spirodela, Landoltia, Lemna, Wolffiella , and Wolffia that parallels a morphological reduction in size. There is a significant intraspecific variation in the genus Lemna . However, no such variation was found in other studied species with multiple accessions of genera Spirodela, Landoltia, Wolffiella, and Wolffia .
"Seu futuro passa por aqui" O ENEM como política avaliativa e os conhecimentos históricos exigidos (2012)

Criado em 1998 como uma das politicas da reforma educacional do governo Fernando Henrique Cardozo (FHC), o Exame Nacional do Ensino Medio (ENEM) tornou-se, ao longo da ultima decada, uma poderosa ferramenta de inducao de transformacoes no curriculo do Ensino Medio. Partindo dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo faz uma investigacao sobre o processo historico de elaboracao e implementacao do (ENEM) a partir das reformas educacionais implementadas pelo governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Avalia as caracteristicas, a importância e o significado da pedagogia de competencias para as reformas dos anos 90 e do proprio ENEM. Revisa o contexto de surgimento do Novo ENEM a partir da eleicao do governo Lula, as permanencias, rupturas e os caminhos do novo modelo. E, ainda, analisa os conhecimentos historicos exigidos no Novo ENEM e as transformacoes que estao no horizonte da disciplina de Historia do ensino medio.
Face Detection Using Skin Color Recursive Clustering and Recognition Using Multilinear PCA (2011)

In this paper, we present a robust approach for face recognition from video sequences. An automatic face detectoris employed which uses modified skin color modeling to detect human skin regions from the video sequences. The presence or absence of face in each region is verified by means of height width proportion and a Neural Network based template matching scheme. The obtained face images are then projected onto a feature space, defined by Multilinear Principal Component Analysis (MPCA), to produce the biometric feature template. Recognition is performed by projecting anew image onto the feature spaces by the MPCA that generalizes not only the classical PCA solution but also a number of the so-called 2-D PCA algorithms and then classifying the face by comparing its position in the feature spaces with the positions of known individuals. The proposed method is applicable to security systems, secure human computer interaction, visual communication systems (secure video conferencing) and virtual world environments.
New Strategies for Treatment of <i>ALK</i>-Rearranged Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2011)

The identification of oncogenic alterations in subsets of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is transforming clinical care. Genomic rearrangements in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are detected in 3% to 7% of patients with NSCLC. The ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib has demonstrated clinical efficacy in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients and was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Crizotinib is currently under additional phase III clinical development as both initial and second-line therapy for advanced ALK-rearranged NSCLC. However, new challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of this subset of NSCLC have emerged, including the need to determine the most effective means of diagnosing ALK-rearranged NSCLC and the emergence of acquired drug resistance to crizotinib. In this review, we discuss current strategies for treatment and diagnosis, as well as the current knowledge about mechanisms of acquired resistance to crizotinib. Finally, we discuss the strategies that are underway to clinically overcome acquired drug resistance.
PATZ Attenuates the RNF4-mediated Enhancement of Androgen Receptor-dependent Transcription (2002)

PATZ is a transcriptional repressor affecting the basal activity of different promoters, whereas RNF4 is a transcriptional activator. The association of PATZ with RNF4 switches the activation to repression of selected basal promoters. Because RNF4 interacts also with the androgen receptor (AR) functioning as a coactivator and, in turn, RNF4 associates with PATZ, we investigated whether PATZ functions as an AR coregulator. We demonstrate that PATZ does not influence directly the AR response but acts as an AR corepressor in the presence of RNF4. Such repression is not dependent on histone deacetylases. A mutant RNF4 that does not bind PATZ but enhances AR-dependent transcription is not influenced by PATZ, demonstrating that the repression by PATZ occurs only upon binding to RNF4. We also demonstrate that RNF4, AR, and PATZ belong to the same complex in vivo also in the presence of androgen, suggesting that repression is not mediated by the displacement of RNF4 from AR. Finally, we show that the repression of endogenous PATZ expression by antisense expression plasmids in LNCaP cells results in a stronger androgen response. Our findings demonstrate that PATZ is a novel AR coregulator that acts by modulating the effect of a coactivator. This could represent a novel and more general mechanism to finely tune the androgen response.
Mutations in the D strand of the human CD4 V1 domain affect CD4 interactions with the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and HLA class II antigens similarly. (1991)

CD4, a cell surface glycoprotein expressed primarily by T lymphocytes and monocytes, interacts with HLA class II antigens to regulate the immune response. In AIDS, CD4 is the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus, which binds to CD4 through envelope glycoprotein gp120. Delineation of the ligand-binding sites of CD4 is necessary for the development of immunomodulators and antiviral agents. Although the gp120 binding site has been characterized in detail, much less is known about the class II binding site, and it is as yet uncertain whether they partially or fully overlap. To investigate CD4 binding sites, a cellular adhesion assay between COS cells transiently transfected with CD4 and B lymphocytes expressing HLA class II antigens has been developed that is strictly dependent on the CD4--class II interaction, quantitative, and highly reproducible. Mutants of CD4 expressing amino acids with distinct physicochemical properties at positions Arg-54, Ala-55, Asp-56, and Ser-57 in V1, the first extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, have been generated and studied qualitatively and quantitatively for interaction with HLA class II antigens, for membrane expression, for the integrity of CD4 epitopes recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies, and for gp120 binding. The results obtained show that the mutations in this tetrapeptide, which forms the core of a synthetic peptide previously shown to have immunosuppressive properties, affect the two binding functions of CD4 similarly, lending support to the hypothesis that the human immunodeficiency virus mimicks HLA class II binding to CD4.
Epitaxial growth of MgO on GaAs(001) for growing epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films by pulsed laser deposition (1992)

MgO buffer layers were deposited on GaAs by pulsed laser deposition for epitaxial growth of BaTiO3. MgO was grown epitaxially on GaAs for the first time; the orientation is (001) on GaAs(001). The best crystallographic quality was obtained at 350 °C in 5×10−6 Torr O2. BaTiO3 films with (001) orientation grew epitaxially on MgO/GaAs. The in-plane epitaxial relationship was BaTiO3[100]∥ MgO[100]∥ GaAs[100] in spite of a large lattice mismatch (25.5%) between MgO and GaAs.
Can a Robot Become a Movie Director? Learning Artistic Principles for Aerial Cinematography (2019)

Aerial filming is constantly gaining importance due to the recent advances in drone technology. It invites many intriguing, unsolved problems at the intersection of aesthetical and scientific challenges. In this work, we propose a deep reinforcement learning agent which supervises motion planning of a filming drone by making desirable shot mode selections based on aesthetical values of video shots. Unlike most of the current state-of-the-art approaches that require explicit guidance by a human expert, our drone learns how to make favorable viewpoint selections by experience. We propose a learning scheme that exploits aesthetical features of retrospective shots in order to extract a desirable policy for better prospective shots. We train our agent in realistic AirSim simulations using both a hand-crafted reward function as well as reward from direct human input. We then deploy the same agent on a real DJI M210 drone in order to test the generalization capability of our approach to real world conditions. To evaluate the success of our approach in the end, we conduct a comprehensive user study in which participants rate the shot quality of our methods. Videos of the system in action can be seen at https://youtu.be/qmVw6mfyEmw.