gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>One-step edge-lit transmission holographic stereogram printer</title> (1999)

We have proposed a high image-quality Lippman type one-step holographic stereogram printer in 1998. However, as with most Lippman holograms, it was difficult to appreciate the quality of the holographic images output from our holographic stereogram printer unless the holograms were illuminated correctly. In order to overcome this problem, we have developed a version of our printer that makes edge-lit transmission holographic stereograms that are designed around the use of a built-in illumination source. In this paper, we describe our method for making transmission edge-lit holographic stereograms. The desired optical system can be obtained by making a small change to the Lippman holographic stereogram printer head. By using this reconfigured optical system, we succeeded in making an instant edge-lit holographic stereogram portrait system. We also describe a cylindrical holographic stereogram as an application of the edge-lit transmission holographic stereogram.
Diastereoselective addition of anisoles to <i>N-tert</i>-butanesulfinyl imines <i>via</i> four-membered lithium cycles (2018)

A highly regio- and diastereo-selective ortho-lithiation/addition of anisoles to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines resulting in the selective formation of chiral α-branched amines is described. This method is also efficient for highly regioselective benzylic lithiation of o-methylanisoles, followed by diastereoselective addition to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines.
A Bipolar-Selected Phase Change Memory Featuring Multi-Level Cell Storage (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a 90-nm 128-Mcell non-volatile memory based on phase-change <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox{Ge}}_{2}\mathchar"707B {\hbox{Sb}}_{2}\mathchar"707B {\hbox{Te}}_{5}$</tex></formula> alloy is presented. Memory cells are bipolar selected, and are based on a <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{trench}}$</tex></formula> architecture. Experimental investigation on multi-level cell (MLC) storage is addressed exploiting the chip MLC capability. To this end, a programming algorithm suitable for 2 bit/cell storage achieving tightly placed inner states (in terms of cell current or resistance) is proposed. Measurements showed the possibility of placing the required distinct cell current distributions, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the MLC phase-change memory (PCM) storage concept. Endurance tests were also carried out. Cumulative distributions after 2-bit/cell programming before cycling and after 100 k program cycles followed by 1 h/150<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\,^{\circ}{\hbox{C}}$</tex></formula> bake are presented. Experimental results on MLC endurance are also provided from a 180-nm 8-Mb PCM demonstrator with the same <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{trench}}$</tex> </formula> cell structure. </para>
Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy (FIS) for Comparing Spectra from Corn Ears Naturally and Artificially Infected with Aflatoxin Producing Fungus (2013)

In an effort to address the problem of rapid detection of aflatoxin in grain, particularly oilseeds, the current study assessed the spectral differences of aflatoxin production in kernels from a cornfield inoculated with spores from 2 different strains of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxin production in corn from the same field due to natural infestation was also assessed. A small corn plot in Baton Rouge, La., U.S.A., was used during the 2008-growing season. Two groups of 400 plants were inoculated with 2 different inocula and 1 group of 400 plants was designated as controls. Any contamination detected in the controls was attributed to natural infestation. A subset of each group was imaged with a visible near infra red (VNIR) hyperspectral system under ultra violet (UV) excitation and subsequently analyzed for aflatoxin using affinity column fluorometry. Group differences were statistically analyzed. Results indicate that when all the spectral data across all groups were averaged, any potential differences between groups (treated and untreated) were obscured. However, spectral analysis based on contaminated "hot" pixel classification showed a distinct spectral shift/separation between contaminated and clean ears with fluorescence peaks at 501 and 478 nm, respectively. All inoculated and naturally infected control ears had fluorescence peaks at 501 nm that differed from uninfected corn ears. Results from this study may be useful in evaluating rapid, noninvasive instrumentation and/or methodology for aflatoxin detection in grain.
A new approximate query engine based on intelligent capture and fast transformations of granulated data summaries (2017)

We outline the processes of intelligent creation and utilization of granulated data summaries in the engine aimed at fast approximate execution of analytical SQL statements. We discuss how to use the introduced engine for the purposes of ad-hoc data exploration over large and quickly increasing data collected in a heterogeneous or distributed fashion. We focus on mechanisms that transform input data summaries into result sets representing query outcomes. We also illustrate how our computational principles can be put together with other paradigms of scaling and harnessing data analytics.
Ship detection and classification from overhead imagery (2007)

This paper presents a sequence of image-processing algorithms suitable for detecting and classifying ships from nadir panchromatic electro-optical imagery. Results are shown of techniques for overcoming the presence of background sea clutter, sea wakes, and non-uniform illumination. Techniques are presented to measure vessel length, width, and direction-of-motion. Mention is made of the additional value of detecting identifying features such as unique superstructure, weaponry, fuel tanks, helicopter landing pads, cargo containers, etc. Various shipping databases are then described as well as a discussion of how measured features can be used as search parameters in these databases to pull out positive ship identification. These are components of a larger effort to develop a low-cost solution for detecting the presence of ships from readily-available overhead commercial imagery and comparing this information against various open-source ship-registry databases to categorize contacts for follow-on analysis.
Method and apparatus for determining the position of a mobile apparatus on an immersed structure (1982)

First Page
The aquaporin family of membrane water channels (1994)

The rapid movement of water across the plasma membranes of certain cells has been a long-standing puzzle to membrane biophysicists and physiologists; the discovery of the red cell channel-forming integral protein has provided a molecular solution to this puzzle. The identification of this protein has led to the recognition of a family of related water-selective channels, the aquaporins, that are found in animals, plants and microbial organisms. In order to provide insight into the remarkable but simple function of these membrane proteins, their structures are being elucidated.
Ancestral sequences from an elite neutralizer proximal to the development of neutralization resistance as a potential source of HIV vaccine immunogens (2019)

A major challenge in HIV vaccine development is the identification of immunogens able to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). While remarkable progress has been made in the isolation and characterization of bNAbs, the epitopes they recognize appear to be poorly immunogenic. Thus, none of the candidate vaccines developed to date has induced satisfactory levels of neutralizing antibodies to the HIV envelope protein (Env). One approach to the problem of poor immunogenicity is to build vaccines based on envelope (env) genes retrieved from rare individuals termed elite neutralizers (ENs) who at one time possessed specific sequences that stimulated the formation of bNAbs. Env proteins selected from these individuals could possess uncommon, yet to be defined, structural features that enhance the immunogenicity of epitopes recognized by bNAbs. Here we describe the recovery of envs from an EN that developed unusually broad and potent bNAbs. As longitudinal specimens were not available, we combined plasma and provirus sequences acquired from a single time-point to infer a phylogenetic tree. Combining ancestral reconstruction data with virus neutralization data allowed us to sift through the myriad of virus quasi-species that evolved in this individual to identify envelope sequences from the nodes that appeared to define the transition from neutralization sensitive envs to the neutralization resistant envs that occur in EN plasma. Synthetic genes from these nodes were functional in infectivity assays and sensitive to neutralization by bNAbs, and may provide a novel source of immunogens for HIV vaccine development.
<i>In Vitro</i> Synthesis and Processing of Tomato Fruit Polygalacturonase (1988)

The in vitro processing of tomato fruit polygalacturonase (PG) (poly[1,4-alpha-d-galacturonide]glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.15) was studied. Complete chemical deglycosylation of a mixture of mature, purified PG 2A and PG 2B isozymes (45 and 46 kilodaltons; respectively) with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid yielded a single polypeptide of 42 kilodaltons. Similarly, N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the PG 2A/2B isozyme mixture yielded a single 21 amino acid N-terminal sequence, suggesting that the two isozymes result from differential post-translational processing of a single polypeptide. Translation of PG mRNA in vitro results in the synthesis of a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 54 kilodaltons. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a full-length PG cDNA clone indicates that the large size difference between the PG in vitro translation product and the mature isozymes is due to the presence of a 71 amino acid (8.2 kilodaltons) domain at the N-terminus of in vitro translated PG, consisting of a hydrophobic signal sequence followed by a highly charged prosequence. To determine the precise cleavage site of the signal sequence, PG mRNA was translated in vitro in the presence of canine pancreas microsomal membranes. This resulted in the production of two glycosylated PG processing intermediates with apparent molecular weights of 58 and 61 kilodaltons. The PG processing intermediates were shown to be sequestered within the lumen of the microsomal membranes by protease protection and centrifugational analysis. Deglycosylation of the PG processing intermediates with endoglycosidase H yielded a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 54 kilodaltons. The production of two distinct, glycosylated processing intermediates from the single in vitro translated PG polypeptide suggests a mechanism by which the differential glycosylation observed for the mature PG 2A and PG 2B isozymes may occur. Edman degradation of (3)H-labeled 58 and 61 kilodalton PG processing intermediates indicates that the site of signal sequence cleavage is after amino acid 24 (serine). These results suggest that the proteolytic processing of PG occurs in at least two steps, the first being the co-translational removal of the 24 amino acid signal sequence and the second being the presumed post-translational removal of the remaining highly charged 47 amino acid prosequence.
A low voltage and low power current-mode field programmable analog computational unit (2014)

A new current-mode analog computational unit (ACU) is presented. The ACU can be digitally programmed to produce multiplying, squaring and inverse functions. The design is based on using MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region to achieve ultra-low power dissipation. The circuit is operated from a ± 0.75V DC supply. The proposed circuit has been simulated using Tanner in 0.35μm TSMC CMOS process. Simulation results confirm the functionality of the circuit. The total power consumption is 2.3μW, total harmonic distortion is 1.1%, maximum nonlinearity error is 0.3% and the bandwidth is 2.3MHz.
Optical convertor for laser systems. [YVO/sub 4/, YPO/sub 4/, YAsO/sub 4/, YCrO/sub 4/, GdVO/sub 4/, GdPO/sub 4/, GdAsO/sub 4/, GdCrO/sub 4/] (1976)

A crystalline optical convertor, adapted to improve the efficiency of a resonant cavity of a laser cavity system, includes: neodymium ions used as lasing ions, a host for the neodymium ions which is used as a laser rod, convertor ions, and a crystalline convertor host. The convertor ions are selected from the group consisting of trivalent dysprosium and trivalent samarium. The crystalline convertor host is selected from the group consisting of: yttrium orthovanadate, yttrium phosphate, yttrium arsenate, yttrium chromate, gadolinium orthovanadate, gadolinium phosphate, gadolinium arsenate, gadolinium chromate and combinations thereof in solid solution. The convertor ions act as an activator for the crystalline convertor host. The combination of neodymium ions and neodymium host is arranged separate from the combination of the convertor ions and the convertor host. The optical convertor is used to convert input electromagnetic radiation not readily absorbed by the neodymium ions to a wavelength which approximately matches the excitation wavelength of the neodymium ions.
24.4: <i>Invited Paper</i> : The Improvement of Ambient Contrast in Plasma Display Panel using Subtractive Mixture of Colors (2006)

Abstract We researched to minimize the loss of luminance on display area and reflection luminance to improve ambient contrast in bright circumstance. According to the result of our research, we propose that you'd better use compliment colors on transparent dielectric layer and barrier rib of rear glass (rear panel) applying to color's being dark when mixed instead of using a black stripe pattern so as to lowering reflection luminance. We've applied this technique to 42inch VGA panel that shows reflection luminance was diminished to 63% and ambient contrast at 150‐lux light was improved from 93:1 to 151:1 recording the improvements of 61% in comparison with conventional panel with black stripe; which is the best result for ambient contrast under the bright circumstance in the PDP panels are being researched.
Safe Trajectory Tracking in Uncertain Environments (2022)

In Model Predictive Control (MPC) formulations of trajectory tracking problems, infeasible reference trajectories and a-priori unknown constraints can lead to cumbersome designs, aggressive tracking, and loss of recursive feasibility. This is the case, for example, in trajectory tracking applications for mobile systems in the presence of constraints which are not fully known a-priori. In this paper, we propose a new framework called Model Predictive Flexible trajectory Tracking Control (MPFTC), which relaxes the trajectory tracking requirement. Additionally, we accommodate recursive feasibility in the presence of a-priori unknown constraints, which might render the reference trajectory infeasible. In the proposed framework, constraint satisfaction is guaranteed at all times while the reference trajectory is tracked as good as constraint satisfaction allows, thus simplifying the controller design and reducing possibly aggressive tracking behavior. The proposed framework is illustrated with three numerical examples.
The pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP). A new candidate for neonatal screening of cystic fibrosis. (1994)

Neonatal screening of cystic fibrosis (CF) is presently based on immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) assay in blood spots, whose low specificity is a matter of concern. Because the pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) proved to be a better serum marker of pancreatic alteration than exocrine enzymes, it might be an interesting alternative for CF screening. We report here a preliminary evaluation of the PAP test, conducted in retrospect on blood spots from groups of neonates already screened for CF with the IRT. Neonates with elevated IRT were submitted to subsequent analysis of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. Neonates with normal IRT (n = 990) or high IRT but normal genotype (n = 28) had normal PAP. Elevated PAP was observed in all CF neonates (n = 11). False-positives for the PAP test were found only among neonates with high IRT and heterozygotes for a mutation in the CFTR gene (6 out of 17 cases). That group represents less than 0.2% of newborns. These results therefore suggest that PAP discriminates CF neonates with a significantly better specificity than IRT.
Parathyroid hormone analogues for treatment of osteoporosis and hypercalcaemia (1998)

Analogues of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) have been proposed for the treatment of osteoporosis and hypercalcaemia of malignancy. The endocrine PTH regulates calcium homeostasis by its actions on bone, kidney, and intestinal receptors. If applied discontinuously, PTH has been shown to bring about an increase in bone mass in both animal models and small-scale human trials. The locally produced paracrine PTHrP is secreted in abundance by some tumours, resulting in severe hypercalcaemia. Numerous analogues of PTH, designed to have improved or more specific activities or to be more readily delivered, have been described in the patent literature as being possibly more effective than native PTH for osteoporosis treatment. Inactive analogues of PTHrP, which retain tight binding to the PTH/PTHrP receptor, have been proposed for the treatment of hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Related patent activities on the production of PTH by recombinant technologies and on the delivery of peptides by tracheal and oral routes are also discussed.
Microgravity annealing system for thin-film superconductors (1993)

A mirror furnace system for annealing of superconducting thin films, which is adapted for the world’s longest dropshaft completed at Kamisunagawa, Japan, is described. The system must be designed for completing both melting and solidification processes during a short 10-s microgravity period, and also for withstanding the deceleration of a drop capsule in which the furnace system is contained. All moving components must be operated so as not to disturb the microgravity environment. A random vibration test for the entire system was carried out before the microgravity experiment, and structural compatibility was verified. The furnace system worked well, and the accumulated number of free falls was 19. Results of annealing of the superconducting material at one gravity and microgravity were compared using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis.
Materials from foams and emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles (2007)

Foams and emulsions stabilized by colloidal particles can lead to new materials with unique structures and properties. In this Highlight article, we describe the underlying mechanisms of this new enabling technology, highlighting some of the processing routes to obtain capsules and porous structures for a variety of applications.
iRobot (2008)

We study in this paper the Web forum crawling problem, which is a very fundamental step in many Web applications, such as search engine and Web data mining. As a typical user-created content (UCC), Web forum has become an important resource on the Web due to its rich information contributed by millions of Internet users every day. However, Web forum crawling is not a trivial problem due to the in-depth link structures, the large amount of duplicate pages, as well as many invalid pages caused by login failure issues. In this paper, we propose and build a prototype of an intelligent forum crawler, iRobot, which has intelligence to understand the content and the structure of a forum site, and then decide how to choose traversal paths among different kinds of pages. To do this, we first randomly sample (download) a few pages from the target forum site, and introduce the page content layout as the characteristics to group those pre-sampled pages and re-construct the forum's sitemap. After that, we select an optimal crawling path which only traverses informative pages and skips invalid and duplicate ones. The extensive experimental results on several forums show the performance of our system in the following aspects: 1) Effectiveness - Compared to a generic crawler, iRobot significantly decreases the duplicate and invalid pages; 2) Efficiency - With a small cost of pre-sampling a few pages for learning the necessary knowledge, iRobot saves substantial network bandwidth and storage as it only fetches informative pages from a forum site; and 3) Long threads that are divided into multiple pages can be re-concatenated and archived as a whole thread, which is of great help for further indexing and data mining.
Decoding motor intent from simulated multiple longitudinal intrafascicular electrode recordings (2013)

Figure 1 (A) LIFE single channel decoder (SCD): neural signals are bandpass filtered, clipped to remove any residual background noise and normalize spike amplitudes, and filtered to smooth the spike trains and obtain the modulating signal S (i.e. motor intent). (B) Multiple single channel decoders followed by a demixer. (C) Actual motor intent (Red) and decoded motor intent (Blue) for an input signal with a single motor intent. (D) Demixing of two overlapped motor intents; (Red) actual motor intents, (Blue) estimated motor intent signals after demixing.
<title>Unattended ground sensor based on fiber BRAGG grating technology</title> (2005)

In this paper we have demonstrated an unattended seismic wave sensor based on the optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. The basic principle of seismic wave detection and the fiber Bragg grating sensing technique is introduced in brief. Our FBG seismic sensor system consists of the broadband light source, FBG sensors coupled with spring / mass configuration, 3-dB optical couplers, demodulator FBG gratings, signal detection and processing hardware. Systematic experiments were carried out in Fort Dix at New Jersey. Target source includes personnel, military HMMWV and wheeled truck. The FFT analysis shows that the frequency response of the seismic signal is 20-40 Hz. The comparison data also show that the FBG sensor is more sensitive than the conventional seismic sensor both in personnel and vehicle detection. The ultimate object of this imbedded fiber optic sensor system is to recognize the presence of troop or vehicle movement through their induced seismic activity as a helpful tool in battlefield monitoring and perimeter defense system.
DESIGNAND OPERATIONOF AN ALGAL PHOTOBIOREACTORSYSTEM (1992)

A photobioreactor system has been designed, constructed, and implemented to achieve efficient oxygen production for a closed ecological life support system (CELSS). The special features of this system are the optical transmission system, uniform light distribution, continuous cycling of cells, gravity-independent gas exchange, and an ultrafiltration unit. Thefiber optic based optical transmissionsystem illuminates the reactor internally and includes a light source which is external to the reactor, preventing heat generation problems. Uniform light distribution is achieved throughout the reactor without interfering with the turbulent regime inside. The ultrafiltration unit exchanges spent with fresh media and its use results in very high cell densities, up to 109 cells/ml for Chiorella vulgaris. The prototype photobioreactor system was operated in a batch and continuous mode for over two months. The oxygen production rate measured at 4-6 mmoles per liter of the culture per hour under continuous operation, is consistent with the expected performanceof the unit for the provided light intensity.