gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a comprehensive PIO theory (1996)

This paper outlines a comprehensive theory of pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs). PIOs can be divided into three convenient categories that are based on the nature of the pilot and vehicle dynamic behavior models and analysis techniques needed for their explanation. Category I PIOs are essentially linear; they can result from excessive lags in the effective vehicle, a mismatched pilot-aircraft interface, or shifts in pilot gain via command path gain shaping. Category II PIOs are quasi-linear, and are typically associated with rate-limiting. The sudden insertion of phase lags into the pilot-vehicle closed-loop system accompanying the onset of rate-limiting is one source of a flying qualities 'cliff'. Category III PIOs are fully nonlinear and nonstationary; they result from transitions in the effective vehicle dynamics or pilot behavior. These categories serve as points of departure for the study of simplified generic and specific examples that illustrate the nature and diverse sources of PIOs. Particular attention is paid to simplified system element characteristics that serve to qualitatively explain and approximately quantify key aspects of PIO phenomena. (Author)
Raman spectroscopy of graphitic foams (2005)

The recently developed pitch-based graphitic foams have a very high thermal conductivity to weight ratio. This property allows graphitic foams to be used in several thermal management applications, especially in the aeronautics and aerospace industries. Raman spectroscopy studies were performed on the different structural regions of the foam, yelding important information on the structural properties of the graphitic foams, as well as on the physical properties of graphite. The graphitic foam was found to be composed of two intermixed graphitic structures, one with stacked planes and one with a turbostratic structure. This special structure allowed for a simultaneous study of the properties of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) graphitic structures. The dispersion of the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band was found to be different for 2D and 3D graphite. The intensity of the $D$-band Raman feature was used to probe the density of defects in the structure, leading to the conclusion that the defects are mainly localized in the 2D structures. A simple model is proposed to explain the origin of the two different structures within the graphitic foam. Also, the dependence of the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band on polarization is addressed.
Environmental disclosure of Malaysian companies and its association with corporate characteristics (2012)

Corporate responsibility in sustaining environmental development began to attract the attention of various organizations in the early 1990s. The main objective of this study is to analyze the annual report of companies in Malaysia (N=100) in order to establish the current trend of environmental reporting and the level of environmental information disclosure of companies. Data was analyzed using qualitative analysis software to detect terms/areas related to environmental reporting. The evaluation techniques used in this study were adopted from research instruments used by The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (2002) and Spada Research, United Kingdom (2008). Further analysis was carried out using SPSS to run regression analysis to find out the correlations of environmental disclosure items with the respective independent variables. The findings of the study indicated that environmental reporting through corporate reports in Malaysia was at the infancy stage. Also, environmental disclosure was significantly dependent on size, nature of industry and listing status of organizations.
Dual permeability modeling of fractured media (2009)

Dual permeability is introduced as an approach to modeling flow and transport through fractured media. The approach allows a large reduction in the number of fractures that are represented explicitly in a discrete fracture network. The most important fractures in terms of fluid flow are identified using their physical characteristics. These fractures form a sub-network that divides the entire fracture network into smaller domains. The fractures of the smaller domains are approximated. The approximations do not rely on continuum assumptions. They are determined individually and independently for each small domain, resulting in a parallel structure to the calculations. An exploratory model is developed for steady state fluid flow and solute transport in two dimensional fracture networks and compared to a discrete fracture model that represents all of the fractures explicitly. Individual fractures are represented by finite lines with constant hydraulic transmissivity. Solute transport calculations use particle tracking. The dual permeability model is shown to provide acceptably accurate solutions while reducing the maximum number of simultaneous equations by well over an order of magnitude. The dual permeability approach takes advantage of the hydraulic behavior of highly heterogeneous media. Channeling of flow that develops in such media is used to reduce errors introduced through the sub-continuum approximations. The dual permeability approach works better when the fracture system has a broad range in the scale of fracturing as demonstrated by transport calculations for fracture networks with a high degree of clustering or with a fractal nature. A study of sub-REV fracture networks reveals that averaged flow through fractured media can be represented using tensor notation in much smaller domains than an REV. At these scales, heterogeneity within a fracture domain causes the tensor representation to be asymmetric, unlike the continuum representation of granular porous media. Hydraulic heads within a heterogeneous fracture network do not vary in a smooth fashion. The hydraulic head reflects the distribution of heterogeneity within the domain. The approximations developed for the dual permeability model required that the boundary conditions imposed on the small domains reflect heterogeneity both within the domains and external to them.
The relative importance of resources and natural enemies in determining herbivore abundance: thistles, tephritids and parasitoids (2008)

1. The relative importance of host-plant resources and natural enemies in influencing the abundance of insect herbivores was investigated in potted plant and natural population experiments, using tephritid (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies, their host plant, creeping thistle Cirsium arvense, and their Hymenoptera parasitoids. 2. Experimental manipulation of host-plant quality (i.e. levels of host-plant nutrients) and resource availability (i.e. the number of buds) increased tephritid abundance. There was no evidence that the seed-feeding tephritid fly Xyphosia miliaria preferentially oviposited on fertilized C. arvense. 3. At low thistle densities, X. miliaria showed a constant rate of resource exploitation. At higher thistle densities, a threshold was detected, above which additional buds were not attacked. 4. Parasitism attack was variable across host (tephritid) densities but levels of parasitism were consistently higher on the fertilized thistles. 5. Experimental manipulation of host-plant quality and resource availability (quantity) not only directly affects the tephritid population but also, indirectly, leads to high rates of parasitism. Both chemical and physical characteristics of host plants affect the performance of natural enemies. 6. Both top-down and bottom-up forces act to influence tephritid abundance, with bottom-up influences appearing to be the most important.
Anti-VEGF Therapy for Retinal Vein Occlusions (2016)

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common cause of visual loss in the Western World. RVO is usually classified into branch RVO (BRVO) and central RVO (CRVO) according to the anatomical site of the vascular occlusion. The pathogenesis of RVO is not yet fully understood, however an important event is the intraluminal thrombus formation, which is usually secondary to several conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and thrombophilia. The blockage of venous circulation causes an elevation of intraluminal pressure in the capillaries, leading to hemorrhages and leakage of fluid within the retina, increase of interstitial pressure and a consequent reduction of retinal perfusion. Ischemia may develop resulting in secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that causes further vascular leakage and retinal oedema. VEGF has therefore a leading role in RVO pathogenesis and symptoms. As a consequence use of anti-VEGF agents by intravitreal injections has become very common with the aim to improve the clinical outcomes in these patients. Currently 2 anti-VEGF agents (ranimizumab and aflibercept) have been FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (European Medicine Agency) approved for the treatment of RVO, while another VEGF inhibitor (bevacizumab) is often used "off-label" in clinical practice. Many treatment regimens have been suggested in the clinical trials with these drugs, as monthly injections or injections when needed, however the ideal regimen has not been defined yet. We conducted a systematic review searching MEDLINE for the following terms: retinal vein occlusion, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept, vascular endothelial growth factor, macular oedema. Data were extracted by one author (AG and BE) and checked by a second (BPM, CC). Aim of this article was to review available data for each drug, focusing on their efficacy and safety trying to compare their advantages and limits.
Demonstration of Atomic Frequency Comb Memory for Light with Spin-Wave Storage (2010)

We present a light-storage experiment in a praseodymium-doped crystal where the light is mapped onto an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition shaped into an atomic frequency comb. After absorption of the light, the optical excitation is converted into a spin-wave excitation by a control pulse. A second control pulse reads the memory (on-demand) by reconverting the spin-wave excitation to an optical one, where the comb structure causes a photon-echo-type rephasing of the dipole moments and directional retrieval of the light. This combination of photon-echo and spin-wave storage allows us to store submicrosecond (450 ns) pulses for up to 20 mus. The scheme has a high potential for storing multiple temporal modes in the single-photon regime, which is an important resource for future long-distance quantum communication based on quantum repeaters.
Single crystal aluminum lines with excellent endurance against stress induced failure (2003)

An excellent ability to withstand stress-induced failure and electromigration failure is demonstrated for single-crystal Al lines. In both single-crystal and polycrystalline Al lines, voids were surrounded by low surface energy planes, so that the shape of the voids would be affected by crystal orientation. The results suggest that single-crystal Al is a potential candidate for submicron lines in ULSIs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MERS CoV Infection in Two Renal Transplant Recipients: Case Report (2015)

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection has recently emerged as a cause of severe potentially fatal pneumonia. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia and acute renal failure. Data on the clinical presentation in solid organ transplant recipients are lacking. We report two cases of MERS CoV infections in two renal transplant recipients with variable clinical presentations and outcomes. The first patient presented with progressive respiratory symptoms, acute renal failure and died. While the second patient presented with respiratory tract symptoms, remained stable and had an excellent clinical recovery despite recent reception of thymoglobulin induction. This is a rare report of MERS CoV infection in renal transplant recipients. Further data are needed to gain better understanding of the impact of anti-rejection immunosuppressive therapy on the clinical presentation, severity and outcome of MERS CoV infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
Cable Suspended Manipulation Robots (1999)

Cable Suspended Manipulation Robots Stefan Havlik Pages 269-274 (1999 Proceedings of the 16th ISARC, Madrid, Spain) Abstract: This paper deals with the design study of cable suspended robotic manipulation systems for manipulation with heavy weight objects in relatively large operation workspace. A concept based on three cable winch systems working in mutual coordination is presented. Principal mathematical relations for kinematic and force analysis are shows as well as direct and inverse control tasks are specified. The reconfigurable manipulation system is especially suited for operation in civil engineering, agriculture, forestry, etc., where its configuration can be modified according to conditions of the workspace. For this reason a simple calibration procedure is proposed. Keywords: Robotic manipulator; Cable crane - robot; Kinematics; Control DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1999/0041 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
High-power single-mode Nd-doped fiber laser (1998)

In this paper the results of the systematical investigation of the basic effects in Nd-doped silica fibers and their application in high-power fiber-lasers will be presented. The development and manufacturing of rare-earth doped double-clad optical fibers based on silica was done at the department 'Moderne Optik' of the Institut fur Physikalische Hochtechnologie e.V. Jena (IPHT). In the last few years at the IPHT Jena rare-earth doped double-clad fibers based on silica for the application in high-power fiber-lasers were developed and characterized. The doping with Neodymium as the laseractive component was one of the most important questions which were investigated. Many samples had to be made for the determination of the optimum concentration of Nd, the optimum codoping and geometry, respectively. As a result we realized a double-clad fiber with D-shape geometry of the pump-core. This D-shape resulted from ray-tracing calculations performed at the Laserzentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH) as an optimal solution for the high conversion efficiency of the pump power. Considering these numerical results, such double-clad fibers with different diameters of the Nd-doped laser-core (multimode or single-mode) was realized at IPHT by drawing of sidepolished preforms with different compositions and geometries by preserving the cross section of the preform. In a tight cooperation with the LZH cw-output powers of more than 30 W (multimode fiber-laser) and approx. 14 W (single-mode fiber-laser), respectively, were realized in the lab. First compact and transportable 19'-devices of high-power fiber- laser with a pumping power of approx. 10 W and an output power of more than two watts were developed and realized.
Spiro linked compounds for use as active materials in organic light emitting diodes (1998)

Abstract Spiro‐linkage of low molecular weight entities as a new structural concept for the design of new active materials for electroluminescent applications is presented. These spiro linked compounds result in nonpolymeric organic glasses with high thermal stability as can be derived from their high glass transition temperatures (T g ), and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. Blue emitters based on spiro linked oligophenyles are presented. These compounds are soluble in common organic solvents and show high photoluminescence quantum efficiency in the solid state and high morphologic stability with glass transition temperatures up to 250°C. Charge transport materials based on spiro linked versions of 2‐(4‐biphenyl)‐5‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD) for electron transport, and spiro linked versions of triphenyldiamin derivatives (TPD) for hole transport show improved morphologic properties with nearly unchanged electronic properties compared to the parent compounds. High quality amorphous films can be prepared with the spiro compounds by vapor deposition as well as by simple spin coating.
First Record of the Enicocephalidae (Heteroptera) in Michigan and Ohio (2018)

The unique-headed bug, Systelloderes biceps (Say), is reported from Michigan and Ohio, resulting in two new state records for the family Enicocephalidae.
Influence of amplitude cancellation on the simulated surface electromyogram (2004)

The purpose of the study was to quantify the influence of selected motor unit properties and patterns of activity on amplitude cancellation in the simulated surface electromyogram (EMG). The study involved computer simulations of a motor unit population with physiologically defined recruitment and rate coding characteristics that activated muscle fibers whose potentials were recorded on the skin over the muscle. Amplitude cancellation was quantified as the percent difference in signal amplitude when motor unit potentials were summed before and after rectification. The simulations involved varying the level of activation for the motor unit population, the recording configuration, the upper limit of motor unit recruitment, peak discharge rates, the amount of motor unit synchronization, muscle fiber length, the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue, and the motor unit properties that change with advancing age. The results confirmed a previous experimental report (Day SJ and Hulliger M, J Neurophysiol 86: 2144-2158, 2001) that amplitude cancellation in the surface EMG can reach 62% at maximal activation. A decrease in the range of amplitudes of the motor unit potentials, as can occur during fatiguing contractions, increased amplitude cancellation up to approximately 85%. Differences in the amount of amplitude cancellation were observed across all simulated conditions, and resulted in substantial changes in the absolute magnitude of the EMG signal. The most profound factors influencing amplitude cancellation were the number of active motor units and the duration of the action potentials. The effects of amplitude cancellation were minimal (<5%) when the EMG amplitude was normalized to maximal values, with the exception of variations in peak discharge rate and recruitment range, which resulted in differences up to 17% in the normalized EMG signal across conditions. These results indicate the amount of amplitude cancellation that can occur in various experimental conditions and its influence on absolute and relative measures of EMG amplitude.
Glycaemic control and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with diabetes mellitus: a report from the Insulin Diabetes Angioplasty study (2009)

Restenosis was predicted by baseline FBG suggesting that it would be of interest to target glucose normalisation in future trials. Intensified insulin treatment did not influence the rate of restenosis indicating that the main focus should be on lowering glucose rather than the tool to normalise glucose.
Protein–protein interactions for cancer therapy (2006)

The p53 tumor suppressor network is frequently disabled by mutation of its molecular node, the p53 gene 1–3. However, the p53 gene is wild type in ≈50% of human cancers. In the early 1990s, the p53–MDM2 autoregulatory feedback loop was discovered (reviewed in refs. 4 and 5) (Fig. 1). MDM2 (murine double minute 2; also termed HDM2 for its human equivalent) is an oncoprotein. In response to cellular stress, p53 transcriptionally transactivates the MDM2 gene, and then the MDM2 protein binds to and transports the p53 to the cytoplasm where MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Increased expression of MDM2 in human cancer involves four mechanisms: gene amplification, increased expression by activated p53, stabilization by an aberrantly spliced form of HMDX, or augmented translation (4, 6). In addition to these cancer-related mechanisms, functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may modulate MDM2 expression. For example, increased p53-mediated expression of MDM2 due to an SNP at nucleotide 309 (SNP309) in the MDM2 gene occurs in the germ line of the population that can increase tumor progression (7). Because MDM2 is overexpressed in certain cancers (8) and may reduce the effectiveness of p53-dependent cancer therapies, the disruption of the p53–MDM2 autoregulatory feedback loop emerged as a molecular targeting strategy. Although the interactive binding sites on p53 and MDM2 were well defined by crystallography (9), the strategy of using drug-like small molecules to block such protein–protein interactions was not considered as attractive by both academia and the pharmaceutical industry as were inhibitors of key cancer-related enzymes such as kinases. Challenging this widely held dogma, Vassilev et al. (10) developed a class of small molecules, the nutlins, that occupy the p53-binding pocket in MDM2, prevent its binding to p53, and, thus, facilitate the p53 tumor suppressor network to inhibit human cancer cell lines in vitro and as xenografts in vivo. Vassilev and coworkers (11), in this issue of PNAS, extend these initial observations by demonstrating that the nutlin-3, a tetra-substituted imidazoline, induces apoptosis most robustly in cancer cell lines with increased MDM2 expression, and this response correlates with the in vivo antitumor efficacy of nutlin-3.
Improving MapReduce fault tolerance in the cloud (2010)

MapReduce has been used at Google, Yahoo, FaceBook etc., even for their production jobs. However, according to a recent study, a single failure on a Hadoop job could cause a 50% increase in completion time. Amazon Elastic MapReduce has been provided to help users perform data-intensive tasks for their applications. These applications may have high fault tolerance and/or tight SLA requirements. However, MapReduce fault tolerance in the cloud is more challenging as topology control and (data) rack locality currently are not possible. In this paper, we investigate how redundent copies can be provisioned for tasks to improve MapReduce fault tolerance in the cloud while reducing latency.
자유논문 : 소년소녀가장을 위한 후견인 제도의 정착방안 (2001)

이 연구는 소년소녀가장을 이 사회에 존속시킨다는 것은 사회적으로 아동을 유기하는 것이라는 전제아래 새로운 아동복지법이 보호를 필요로 하는 아동에게 사회적 방치가 아닌 성인의 도움으로 아동이 책임 있는 시민으로 성장하기 위하여 후견인 제도를 도입하고 정착하는데 그 의의가 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 먼저 소년소녀가장이 왜 문제인가를 지적하였고, 소년소녀가장이 분명한 사회적 방임이며 유기라고 할 때 이러한 문제해결의 한 측면으로서 후견인의 선임의 의의와 그들의 역할을 살펴보았으며, 후견인과 소년소녀가장이 맺어졌을 때의 긍정적 측면과 발생 가능한 문제점들을 논의하였다. 이러한 후견인제도는 소년소녀가장뿐만 아니라 현재 급속히 진행되는 가족 해체등으로 인하여 도움이 필요한 아동이나 부모에게 지속적으로 사용할 수 있는 제도로서 그리고 법적으로 정착할 수 있는 방안으로서 후견인 확보를 위한 다 양한 방안이 우선 확보될 필요가 있다고 보았으며, 이들이 후견인이 된다면 이들을 보호하고 이들에게 바른 성장의 기회를 제공하기 위하여 법적 지위보장과 재정적 지원과 후견인을 관리할 체계가 필요하다고 보았다. 그러나 그보다 더욱 중요한 것은 대부분의 소년소녀가장이 능력이 부족한 친인척과 동거하고 있음으로 아동과 그 가정을 유지시켜주는 후견인이 필요하다는 것이다. 그리고 정부는 이 제도가 정착하기 위하여 아동의 권리에 관한 국제협약의 차원에서 아동의 복지와 자원의 확보를 제안하고 있다.
The improvement and influence of ultrasonic and microwave irradiation on the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine (2002)

The cavitation,mechanical action and thermal action of ultrasonic wave and microwave to the extraction of active components from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been discussed.The Ultrasonic and microwave properties such as frequency,stregnth,action time and the ratio of the action to off have different influence to the extraction of components.In some conditions,ultrasound gives a positively improved action to the extraction,but in other condition or to other TCM it may give a negative influence on extraction ratio and change the composition of extracted components.Generally,their positive actions are represented on increasing the extraction efficiency,and increasing the extraction time in large scale and leading to the operation more easily.43 articles are reviewed.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Chronic Stress and Insulin Resistance in a Chinese Population (2016)

These findings showed that chronic stress was associated with insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance.