gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free Surface MicroFluidics for Explosives Detection (2008)

Summary A novel microfluidic, chemical detection platform has been developed for real-time sensing of airborne agents. The key enabling technology is a newly developed concept termed Free-Surface Fluidics (FSF), where one or more fluidic surfaces of a microchannel flow are confined by surface tension and exposed to the surrounding atmosphere. The result is a unique open channel flow environment that is driven by pressure through surface tension, and not subject to body forces, such as gravity. Evaporation and flow rates are controlled by microchannel geometry, surface chemistry and precisely-controlled temperature profiles. The free-surface fluidic architecture is combined with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to allow for realtime profiling of atmospheric species and detection of airborne agents. The results indicate that airborne explosive agents such as DNT, TNT, RDX, TATP can be readily detected. Free Surface MicroFluidics (FSF) During the past fifteen years, there has been significant development in using micro/nanofluidic-based platforms for detection of chemical and biological agents i . These platforms show high sensitivity, reduced sample size and reagent volume. In addition, microfluidic devices have the potential to be field-portable detection platforms. However, all the ‘lab on a chip’ platforms reported in the literature can process samples only after the sample is injected into the microchannel. No integrated device currently exists for capturing airborne agents directly into a microchannel. This is a longstanding technological/scientific barrier that can ultimately limit the viability of ‘lab on a chip’ platforms for monitoring of airborne species. We are not aware of any previous demonstration of a feasible microfluidic platform for monitoring airborne molecules. We have developed an integrated micro/nanofluidic platform that can monitor airborne molecules in real time. Free-surface fluidics allows airborne molecules, such as those of common explosives to be captured. Once absorbed into the microchannel, the analytes can be detected using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Figure 1 shows the integrated free-surface microfluidic platform combined with SERS for molecular-specific detection. The free-surface flow utilizes surface tension to create pressure-driven flow. Once absorbed through the surface, the airborne molecules or particles adsorb on the silver nanoparticles which causes them to aggregate and leads to the greatly-enhanced SERS effect (up to 14 orders of magnitude increase in signal over Raman). As the particles advect downstream, colloidal particles continue to aggregate, where monomers form dimers, and dimers form trimers, etc. The maximum SERS signal (per ad-molecule) is obtained from nanoparticle dimers, and decreases significantly with trimers.
Aberration correction and desensitization of an inverse triplet objective lens (1998)

Many objective lenses designed for very high volume production now typically contain aspherical surfaces. One such example is an aspherized version of the traditional Cooke triplet. While these aspherical designs are better than their antecedents, the basic design limitations, astigmatism and manufacturing sensitivities, remain. An inverse triplet having a negative, positive, negative configuration and aspherical surfaces has no all-spherical counterpart, but instead depends on the aspheres to correct the primary aberrations. If a sufficient number of surfaces are aspherical, there are more degrees of freedom than required for aberration correction, so the lens can be optimized to reduce the manufacturing sensitivities by reducing the amount of aberration correction contribution by an individual element.
Olefin Epoxidation with Bis(trimethylsilyl) Peroxide Catalyzed by Inorganic Oxorhenium Derivatives. Controlled Release of Hydrogen Peroxide (2001)

The replacement of organometallic rhenium species (e.g., CH(3)ReO(3)) by less expensive and more readily available inorganic rhenium oxides (e.g., Re(2)O(7), ReO(3)(OH), and ReO(3)) can be accomplished using bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide (BTSP) as oxidant in place of aqueous H(2)O(2). Using a catalytic amount of a proton source, controlled release of hydrogen peroxide helps preserve sensitive peroxorhenium species and enables catalytic turnover to take place. Systematic investigation of the oxorhenium catalyst precursors, substrate scope, and effects of various additives on olefin epoxidation with BTSP are reported in this contribution.
Structural design and analysis of a cryogen-free open superconducting magnet for interventional MRI applications (1995)

The structural design and analysis of a cryogen-free open superconducting magnet for interventional MRI applications is presented. The magnet assembly consisted of two identical halves connected together by four posts. The magnet separation allows a surgeon access to the patient within the field-of-view of the imaging system. Each half of the assembly consisted of three superconducting coils, a stainless steel bobbin, a copper thermal ring, and three overwrap rings. The suspension components of the magnet consisted of eight radial straps and eight axial rods. A structural analysis was carried out that considered the differential thermal contraction caused by the cooldown to the magnet cryogenic operating temperature, and the electromagnetic forces on the coils when the magnet is energized at the design current value. The results are compared to the equivalent stresses caused by a simulation of a quench that was initiated at the inner diameter of one of the superconducting coils. The post-quench thermal transient analysis predicted a nonuniform 3-D temperature field in the range of 10 to 178 K and asymmetric electromagnetic forces on the superconducting coils. The three dimensional structural model of the assembly was developed in ANSYS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blind separation of weak signals in non-isotropic spatio-temporal colored noise with possibly critically loaded uncalibrated arrays (2008)

A blind source separation (BSS) algorithm optimal in output signal-to-interference (SIR) for critically loaded arrays operating at possibly negative SNIR is proposed. The proposed technique uses generalized eigen-decomposition (i.e. spectral estimation) of a first-order matrix pencil of spatial fourth-order cumulant matrices of novel definition. The algorithm has demonstrated insensitivity to non-isotropic spatially and/or temporally correlated noise without the need for whitening processes. To illustrate the potential effectiveness of the proposed approach examples are provided involving narrowband statistically independent co-channel signal mixtures of analog and digital modulations with received SNIR < 0 dB, with noise environment and sensing array manifold completely unknown.
<title>Signal Processing in Integrated Optics Employing Geodesic Lenses</title> (1979)

The implementation of integrated optics signal processors for one dimensional signals, as for instance radar signals, is a problem attracting increasing attention. The devices in mind are miniaturized analogic processors involving Fourier transformation properties of waveguide lenses. Among different types of lenses already suggested, geodesic lenses are the one currently feasible solution when,as usual, crystal substrates with high refractive index must be used. A method for designing generalized perfect geodesic lenses has been developed by the authors. The advantage of this method is represented by the easy theoretical approach and the large flexibility in the design without requiring long computations. The employment of such lenses in integrated spectrum analyzers and two lenses correlators is discussed taking into account the characteristics of the other components of these devices, as array detectors and Bragg acousto-optic modulators. A different geodesic correlator constituted by a portion of spherical surface is also briefly described.
Association between Common Variation in Genes Encoding Sweet Taste Signaling Components and Human Sucrose Perception (2010)

Variation in taste perception of different chemical substances is a well-known phenomenon in both humans and animals. Recent advances in the understanding of sweet taste signaling have identified a number of proteins involved in this signal transduction. We evaluated the hypothesis that sequence variations occurring in genes encoding taste signaling molecules can influence sweet taste perception in humans. Our population consisted of unrelated individuals (n = 160) of Caucasian, African-American, and Asian descent. Threshold and suprathreshold sensitivities of participants for sucrose were estimated using a sorting test and signal detection analysis that produced cumulative R-index area under the curve (AUC) scores. Genetic association analysis revealed significant correlation of sucrose AUC scores with genetic variation occurring in the GNAT3 gene (single point P = 10(-3) to 10(-4)), which encodes the taste-specific G(alpha) protein subunit gustducin. Subsequent sequencing identified additional GNAT3 variations having significant association with sucrose AUC scores. Collectively, GNAT3 polymorphisms explain 13% of the variation in sucrose perception. Our findings underscore the importance of common genetic variants influencing human taste perception.
SAW device application of diamond (2002)

Polycrystalline diamond has emerged as a very promising material for high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices because it has a highest acoustic wave velocity amongst all materials. Theoretical studies with various types of piezoelectric materials were also performed. By LiNbO/sub 3//diamond structure, high electro-mechanical coefficient can be expected with high SAW velocity. Also zero temperature coefficient filter can be expected by additional amorphous SiO/sub 2/ deposition. The ZnO/diamond structure was successfully developed with late result on high frequency filter of 3.5 GHz by 0.75 /spl mu/m inter-digital transducers on diamond. The varieties of material systems on SAW and advanced devices based on diamond will find broad applications on high frequency devices in future communication systems.
Measuring microvascular density in tumors by digital dissection. (2002)

The digital dissection technique is a reproducible, objective and accurate method of measuring MVD in sections of tumors that are routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
ChemInform Abstract: THE LIQUID‐PHASE OXIDATION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH MOLECULAR OXYGEN. II. A HIGHLY SELECTIVE FORMATION OF α‐TETRALONE BY THE METAL‐CATALYZED OXIDATION OF TETRALIN IN THE PRESENCE OF N,N‐DIALKYLAMIDES (1979)

Abstract Die Oxidation von Tetralin wurde in vielen verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln, in denen Metallsalze löslich sind, untersucht.
Differential Splicing of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in African- and Caucasian-American Populations: Contributing Factor in Prostate Cancer Disparities (2015)

Abstract : The overarching goal of this grant award is to characterize differential splicing of oncongenes and tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer disparities between African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) prostate cancer (PCa). In year 1 of this award, we have focused our efforts on two oncogenes, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), undergoing population-dependent differential splicing where the AA-specific variants are engendered with a more aggressive oncogenic phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Full-length cloning of the AA and CA variants of both PIK3CD and FGFR3 have been accomplished. PCa cell lines genetically manipulated to predominantly express the AA-variant of PIK3CD or FGFR3 exhibit greater proliferative and invasive capacity. Detailed analysis of PCa cell lines over-expressing the AA-variant of PIK3CD revealed enhanced activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway compared to the same lines over-expressing the CA-variant. Moreover, proliferative capacity of the CA-variant lines was sensitive to inhibition by CAL-101, a small molecule inhibitor designed specifically against PIK3CD. In contrast, proliferative capacity of the AA-variant lines was resistant to CAL-101 inhibition. And these findings (CA variants sensitive and AA variants insensitive to CAL-101) were recapitulated in a xenograft mouse model of proliferation. We are currently testing a xenograft mouse model of metastasis. Year 2 will focus on in vitro and in vivo characterization of the AA and CA variants of FGFR3.
CD40/anti-CD40 antibody complexes which illustrate agonist and antagonist structural switches (2019)

The structure of ABBV-323 Fab demonstrates a unique method for antagonism by stabilizing the proposed functional antiparallel dimer for CD40 receptor via novel contacts to LCDR1, namely residue position R32 which is further supported by a closely related agonist antibody FAB516 which shows only monomeric recognition and no contacts with LCDR1 due to a mutation to L32 on LCDR1. These data provide a structural basis for the full antagonist activity of ABBV-323.
Optical OFDM Transmission in Metro/Access Networks (2009)

We survey the state-of-the-art in optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) transmission with direct detection (DD), highlighting cost-effective solutions for OFDM/DD metro/long-haul systems and OFDM-based multiple access passive optical networks (OFDMA PON).
The effect of the geometry and material properties of a carbon joint produced by electron beam induced deposition on the electrical resistance of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-to-metal contact interface (2009)

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are promising candidates for yielding next generation electrical and electronic devices such as interconnects and tips for conductive force microscopy. One of the main challenges in MWNT implementation in such devices is the high contact resistance of the MWNT-metal electrode interface. Electron beam induced deposition (EBID) of an amorphous carbon interface has previously been demonstrated to simultaneously lower the electrical contact resistance and improve the mechanical characteristics of the MWNT-electrode connection. In this work, we investigate the influence of process parameters, such as the electron beam energy, current, geometry, and deposition time, on the EBID-made carbon joint geometry and electrical contact resistance. The influence of the composition of the deposited material on its resistivity is also investigated. The relative importance of each component of the contact resistance and the limiting factor of the overall electrical resistance of a MWNT-based interconnect is determined through a combination of a model analysis and comprehensive experiments.
Data-driven extraction and composition of secondary dynamics in facial performance capture (2020)

Performance capture of expressive subjects, particularly facial performances acquired with high spatial resolution, will inevitably incorporate some fraction of motion that is due to inertial effects and dynamic overshoot due to ballistic motion. This is true in most natural capture environments where the actor is able to move freely during their performance, rather than being tethered to a fixed position. Normally these secondary dynamic effects are unwanted, as the captured facial performance is often retargeted to different head motion, and sometimes to completely different characters, and in both cases the captured dynamic effects should be removed and new secondary effects should be added. This paper advances the hypothesis that for a highly constrained elastic medium such as the human face, these secondary inertial effects are predominantly due to the motion of the underlying bony structures (cranium and mandible). Our work aims to compute and characterize the difference between the captured dynamic facial performance, and a speculative quasistatic variant of the same motion should the inertial effects have been absent. This is used to either subtract parasitic secondary dynamics that resulted from unintentional motion during capture, or compose such effects on top of a quasistatic performance to simulate a new dynamic motion of the actor's body and skull, either artist-prescribed or acquired via motion capture. We propose a data-driven technique that comprises complementary removal and synthesis networks for secondary dynamics in facial performance capture. We show how such a system can be effectively trained from a collection of acquired dynamic deformations under varying expressions where the actor induces rigid head motion from walking and running, as well as forced oscillatory body motion in a controlled setting by external actuators.
Galactose-amidine derivatives as selective antagonists of galectin-9 (2016)

The family of galectin proteins involved in adhesion, growth regulation, immunity, and inflammatory events are important targets for development of small molecule antagonists. Here, N-sulfonyl amidine galactopyranoside derivatives obtained via a multicomponent reaction between galactose alkyne derivatives, sulfonyl azides, and amines were evaluated as antagonists of galectin-1, -2, -3, -4N (N-terminal domain), -4C (C-terminal domain), -8N, -9N, and -9C in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. Highly selective compounds against galectin-9N with up to 30-fold improved affinity compared to the reference methyl β-d-galactopyranoside were identified. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that the selectivity and affinity for galectin-9N originate from the N-sulfonyl amidine moieties forming tridentate hydrogen bonds to two asparagine side chains and one phenyl stacking edge-to-face to an arginine side chain. These selective galectin-9N antagonists are of significant value as chemical tools for studying galectin-9 biology and chemistry as well as possible starting structures for the discovery of galectin-9-targeting drugs influencing, e.g., immune regulation.
Next Generation Extractants for Cesium Separation from High-Level Waste: From Fundamental Concepts to Site Implementation (2005)

This project unites expertise at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Texas Tech University (TTU, Prof. Richard A. Bartsch) to answer fundamental questions addressing the problem of cesium removal from high-level tank waste. Efforts focus on novel solvent-extraction systems containing calixcrown extractants designed for enhanced cesium binding and release. Exciting results are being obtained in three areas: (1) a new lipophilic cesium extractant with a high solubility in the solvent; (2) new proton-ionizable calixcrowns that both strongly extract cesium and "switch off" when protonated; and (3) an improved solvent system that may be stripped with more than 100-fold greater efficiency. Scientific questions primarily concern how to more effectively reverse extraction, focusing on the use of amino groups and proton-ionizable groups to enable pH-switching. Synthesis is being performed at ORNL (amino calixcrowns) and TTU (proton-ionizable calixcrowns). At ORNL, the extraction behavior is being surveyed to assess the effectiveness of candidate solvent systems, and systematic distribution measurements are under way to obtain a thermodynamic understanding of partitioning and complexation equilibria. Crystal structures obtained at ORNL are revealing the structural details of cesium binding. The overall objective is a significant advance in the predictability and efficiency of cesium extraction from high-level waste in support of potential implementation at U. S. Department of Energy (USDOE) sites.
Estimation of the patient monitor alarm rate for a quantitative analysis of new alarm settings (2014)

In many critical care units, default patient monitor alarm settings are not fine-tuned to the vital signs of the patient population. As a consequence there are many alarms. A large fraction of the alarms are not clinically actionable, thus contributing to alarm fatigue. Recent attention to this phenomenon has resulted in attempts in many institutions to decrease the overall alarm load of clinicians by altering the trigger thresholds for monitored parameters. Typically, new alarm settings are defined based on clinical knowledge and patient population norms and tried empirically on new patients without quantitative knowledge about the potential impact of these new settings. We introduce alarm regeneration as a method to estimate the alarm rate of new alarm settings using recorded patient monitor data. This method enables evaluation of several alarm setting scenarios prior to using these settings in the clinical setting. An expression for the alarm rate variance is derived for the calculation of statistical confidence intervals on the results.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that localize human thymidylate synthase in the cytoplasm of human cells and tissue. (1991)

Thymidylate synthase (TS; EC 2.1.1.45) is an important cellular enzyme that converts dUMP to dTMP, which is essential for DNA biosynthesis. In addition, TS is an important cellular target for the fluoropyrimidine cytotoxic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. We have generated five monoclonal antibodies against human TS using a recombinant human TS enzyme. These antibodies react specifically with human TS and display negligible cross-reactivity with other cellular proteins found in human cells. Binding affinity studies demonstrate that all antibodies form a tight interaction with recombinant human TS enzyme (Kd range = 0.3-11.0 nM). All antibodies display reactivity on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation. On Western blot analysis each detects a protein of approximately 36 kDa molecular mass under denaturing conditions. In addition to their reactivity on immunoprecipitation and Western analysis, two of the antibodies, TS 106 and TS 109, are reactive on immunohistochemical staining of human colon carcinoma cell lines and tissue, producing a granular cytoplasmic staining pattern. Specificity for TS is demonstrated by the lack of staining with preimmune IgG and the disappearance of the signal when the antibodies are preabsorbed with recombinant human TS enzyme. Quantitation of TS by Western blot analysis and biochemical FdUMP binding assay in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon carcinoma cell lines (NCI H630R10, NCI H630R1) and a sensitive colon carcinoma cell line (NCI H630) revealed a 36- and 6-fold increase in TS in the resistant cell line as measured by the biochemical assay compared to a 39- and 10.6-fold increase as measured by densitometric analysis of the Western blot. These comparative studies of immunohistochemical, Western, and biochemical analyses reveal that the immunological detection of TS in human colon cell lines is a sensitive and quantitative assay. Thus the ability of these antibodies to detect TS in human cancer cells and tissue may allow measurement of TS in human tissues by quantitative immunohistochemistry in studies of drug resistance and for determination of proliferative rates.