gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hass avocado (Persea americana) seed extract as a natural colorant (2014)

The global natural colors market is estimated to reach US $ 1.7 billion by 2016. This is due in part to increasing consumer desire for natural food ingredients and the desire of food companies to produce "clean-label" products. We examined the seed of avocados (Persea americana) as a potential source of natural colorants. A polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed (PPO) reaction resulted in the formation of a shelf- and heat-stable colored extract. We hypothesize that the pigments in this extract are novel benzotropolone based compounds. Though the color is stable at room temperature, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) indicate that the individual compounds are not. Using LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) of the colored and PPO-inhibited-uncolored extracts, we found approximately thirty-five masses unique to the colored or uncolored extract. Gallic acid, fisetin and flavone were present only in the colored extract while perseitol and caffeic acid were present in both. The most abundant colored fraction showed an ion [M+H]+ with m/z 603 in positive mode. Based on the presence of an abundant m/z 441 fragment (Δm/z 162), we hypothesize that this compound is a glycosylated benzotropolone compound. Here, we report the results of our on-going studies to chemically characterize this new orange pigment. We also provide some preliminary studies on its colorant properties in various food products. The results will support a new, value-added use for avocado seeds which are frequently viewed as a low-value waste product.
An integrated optofluidic device for single-cell sorting driven by mechanical properties (2015)

We present a novel optofluidic device for real-time sorting on the basis of cell mechanical properties, measured by optical stretching. The whole mechanism, based on optical forces, does not hamper the viability of the tested cells, which can be used for further analysis. The device effectiveness is demonstrated by extracting a sample population enriched with highly metastatic cells from a heterogeneous cell mixture.
A managed distributed processing pipeline with Storm and Mesos (2013)

Running an always-on distributed system that has the task of continuous message processing can raise a series of problems like resource sharing with the other services running in the cluster, controlling the locality of the worker processes and the ability to move workers from one machine to another without impacting the functionality of the system or inducing data loss. In this paper are making an in-depth analysis of these problems and design a system that addresses them. Our computation pipeline takes the form of a Storm topology and with dynamic resource management and isolation for it being achieved through Apache Mesos. The focus is on isolating and distributing resources between the nodes of one topology instance and other services.
Modelling and Evaluation of Malicious Attacks against the IoT MQTT Protocol (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is changing the way people live and work in society. Advancements in various information and communication technologies have paved the way for new possibilities and opportunities both in households and industries to build such an Internet of connected devices. However, these devices possess capabilities that enable control from anywhere and at anytime. The exploitation of these capabilities make these devices potential and viable targets for adversaries. Middleware-based IoT application protocols play a crucial role in enabling bidirectional communication and remote control of IoT devices. Among the various IoT application protocols, Message Queuing Telemetry Protocol (MQTT) is being widely adopted. The possible threats in MQTT-based IoT environments need to be identified before applying appropriate countermeasures. In this paper, we present the MQTT threat model and perform an evaluation of the Denial of Service (DoS) attack that targets MQTT brokers.
Sub-Nanosecond Greater-Than-10-V Compact Tunable Pulse Generator for Low-Duty-Cycle High-Peak-Power Ultra-Wideband Applications (2011)

An ultra-wideband pulse generator was designed and fabricated in GaAs HBT IC technology. The generator includes delay and differential circuits to convert a TTL input into a Gaussian pulse signal as well as a Class-C amplifier to boost the pulse amplitude while compressing the pulse width. By adjusting the collector bias of the Class-C amplifier, the pulse amplitude can be varied linearly between 3.5 V and 11.5 V while maintaining the pulse width at 0.3 ± 0.1 nanosecond. Alternatively, by adjusting the base bias of the Class-C amplifier, the pulse width can be varied linearly between 0.25 ns and 0.65 ns while maintaining the pulse amplitude at 10 ± 1 V. Finally, the amplified Gaussian signal can be shaped into a monocycle signal by an L-C derivative circuit. The present pulse generator compares favorably with pulse generators fabricated in CMOS ICs, step-recovery diodes, or other discrete devices.
Quantum key distribution over multicore fiber (2016)

We present the first quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment over multicore fiber. With space division multiplexing, we demonstrate that weak QKD signals can coexist with classical data signals launched at full power in a 53 km 7-core fiber, while showing negligible degradation in performance. Based on a characterization of intercore crosstalk, we perform additional simulations highlighting that classical data bandwidths beyond 1Tb/s can be supported with high speed QKD on the same fiber.
Deep learning a grasp function for grasping under gripper pose uncertainty (2016)

This paper presents a new method for parallel-jaw grasping of isolated objects from depth images, under large gripper pose uncertainty. Whilst most approaches aim to predict the single best grasp pose from an image, our method first predicts a score for every possible grasp pose, which we denote the grasp function. With this, it is possible to achieve grasping robust to the gripper's pose uncertainty, by smoothing the grasp function with the pose uncertainty function. Therefore, if the single best pose is adjacent to a region of poor grasp quality, that pose will no longer be chosen, and instead a pose will be chosen which is surrounded by a region of high grasp quality. To learn this function, we train a Convolutional Neural Network which takes as input a single depth image of an object, and outputs a score for each grasp pose across the image. Training data for this is generated by use of physics simulation and depth image simulation with 3D object meshes, to enable acquisition of sufficient data without requiring exhaustive real-world experiments. We evaluate with both synthetic and real experiments, and show that the learned grasp score is more robust to gripper pose uncertainty than when this uncertainty is not accounted for.
CurveUps (2017)

We present a computational approach for designing CurveUps, curvy shells that form from an initially flat state. They consist of small rigid tiles that are tightly held together by two pre-stretched elastic sheets attached to them. Our method allows the realization of smooth, doubly curved surfaces that can be fabricated as a flat piece. Once released, the restoring forces of the pre-stretched sheets support the object to take shape in 3D. CurveUps are structurally stable in their target configuration. The design process starts with a target surface. Our method generates a tile layout in 2D and optimizes the distribution, shape, and attachment areas of the tiles to obtain a configuration that is fabricable and in which the curved up state closely matches the target. Our approach is based on an efficient approximate model and a local optimization strategy for an otherwise intractable nonlinear optimization problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for a wide range of shapes, all realized as physical prototypes.
BioWarehouse: a bioinformatics database warehouse toolkit (2006)

BioWarehouse embodies significant progress on the database integration problem for bioinformatics.
Over-segmentation and validation strategy for off-line cursive handwriting recognition (2008)

This paper presents an over-segmentation and validation strategy for off-line cursive handwriting recognition. Over-segmentation module is employed to find all the possible character boundaries. Then, the incorrect segmentation points from over-segmenting module are removed by validating processes. The over-segmentation was performed based on the vertical pixel density between upper and lower baselines. Wherever the pixel density is less than threshold, an over-segmentation point is assigned. After the over-segmentation is done, validation starts removing over-segmentation points. The first validation module checks if a segmentation point lies in hole region. The second validation module compares total foreground pixel between two neighbouring segmentation points to a threshold value. The third validation module is neural network voting by neural network classifier trained on pre-segmented characters. Finally, the oversized segment validation process checks if there is any missing segmentation point between neighbouring characters. The proposed approach has been implemented, and the experiments on CEDAR benchmark database have been conducted. The results of the experiments are very promising and the overall performance of the algorithm is more effective than the other existing segmentation algorithms.
ApoE regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, monocytosis, and monocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions in mice (2011)

Leukocytosis is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in humans and develops in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic animal models. Leukocytosis is associated with the proliferation of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mice with deficiencies of the cholesterol efflux-promoting ABC transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 in BM cells. Here, we have determined the role of endogenous apolipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux pathways in these processes. In Apoe⁻/⁻ mice fed a chow or Western- type diet, monocytosis and neutrophilia developed in association with the proliferation and expansion of HSPCs in the BM. In contrast, Apoa1⁻/⁻ mice showed no monocytosis compared with controls. ApoE was found on the surface of HSPCs, in a proteoglycan-bound pool, where it acted in an ABCA1- and ABCG1-dependent fashion to decrease cell proliferation. Accordingly, competitive BM transplantation experiments showed that ApoE acted cell autonomously to control HSPC proliferation, monocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions. Infusion of reconstituted HDL and LXR activator treatment each reduced HSPC proliferation and monocytosis in Apoe⁻/⁻ mice. These studies suggest a specific role for proteoglycanbound ApoE at the surface of HSPCs to promote cholesterol efflux via ABCA1/ABCG1 and decrease cell proliferation, monocytosis, and atherosclerosis. Although endogenous apoA-I was ineffective, pharmacologic approaches to increasing cholesterol efflux suppressed stem cell proliferative responses.
Development of an FE model of a cricket ball (2011)

Studies of impact dynamics of cricket balls have the potential of significantly improving the development of cricket equipment and also contribute to improving the player's safety and performance. This work presents the development of a detailed multi-layer FE model for the structural analysis of cricket balls. The model was derived using experimental data obtained from tests developed for this purpose, including drop tests and high speed impact tests. The multi-layer, multi-material FE model was constructed using ABAQUS. Calibration of the model involves a multidisciplinary optimization technique. Comparison shows good agreement between experimental results and predictions from the refined model.
Performance evaluation of content based routing with in-network caching (2011)

In order to meet the overwhelming demands of content retrieval for mobile end users, the community effort has been made on designing next-generation Internet from a clean slate. In this paper, we present the design and performance evaluation of Integrated Caching, in which we assume each router on the Internet can cache contents that pass by and reply to content requests with its local copy. This assumption is made valid by the fact that storage is rapidly becoming both available and affordable. With this assumption, we advocate a content retrieval enhancement technique: Content Broadcast, which lets each router advertise its cached contents to the immediate neighbors so that a router can direct subsequent content requests to nearby caching nodes. Each router builds its own content based routing table. Through detailed simulations, we show that the technique can lead to significant performance improvements compared to baseline integrated caching schemes. More importantly, this performance gain can be achieved with a minimal communication overhead by limiting content broadcast only within one hop. Also, we demonstrate that the storage requirement of the discussed scheme is moderate.
UDP Encapsulation in Linux (2015)

UDP encapsulation encompasses the techniques and protocols to encapsulate and decapsulate networking packets of various protocols inside UDP. UDP encapsulation has become prevalent in data centers, and in fact nearly all the solutions for network virtualization currently being proposed in IETF are based on UDP encapsulation. In this paper we present much of the recent work done by the Linux networking community to make UDP encapsulation a first class citizen. This cumulative work has resulted in greatly improved performance, robustness, and scalability. We begin by describing the basic support and model for UDP encapsulation. Next, we look at performance enhancements in the areas of load balancing, checksum offload, and segmentation offload. Finally, we examine two generic methods of UDP encapsulation: Foo-over-UDP and Generic UDP Encapsulation.
Thioredoxins in cardiovascular disease (2015)

Key thioredoxin (Trx) system components are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), Trx reductase (TrxR), and Trx. TrxR catalyzes disulfide reduction in Trx with NADPH as cofactor. Because Trx is an antioxidant, oxidative stress results in an increase in Trx, which has a reduced disulfide component. If Trx is suppressed, oxidative stress in higher. In contrast a decrease in oxidative stress is associated with low Trx levels. Trx is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, embryogenesis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review focuses on the Trx system in CVD. Abnormal Trx binding occurs in mouse familial combined hyperlipidemia; however, this has not been confirmed in humans. Congestive heart failure is a manifestation of many CVDs, which may be improved by attenuating oxidative stress through the suppression of Trx and decreased reactive oxygen species. Angiotensin II is associated with hypertension and other CVDs, and its receptor blockade results in decreased oxidative stress with reduced Trx levels. Inflammation is a major causative factor of CVDs, and myocarditis as an example, is associated with increased Trx levels. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has an association with CVD. This dysfunction is alleviated by hormone replacement therapy, which involves decreased oxidative stress and Trx levels. Diabetes mellitus has a major association with CVDs; increase in Trx levels may reflect insulin resistance. Identification of Trx system abnormalities may lead to innovative approaches to treat multiple CVDs and other pathologies.
Cyclobut-A and cyclobut-G, carbocyclic oxetanocin analogs that inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells and monocytes and macrophages in vitro (1990)

Two newly synthesized carbocyclic oxetanocin analogs, (+/-)-9-[(1 beta,2 alpha,3 beta)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclobutyl]adenine (cyclobut-A) and (+/-)-9-[(1 beta,2 alpha,3 beta)-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-cyclobutyl]guanine (cyclobut-G) were tested for activity against the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. A number of other carbocyclic oxetanocin analogs failed to exert good antiretroviral effects. Both cyclobut-A and cyclobut-G protected CD4+ ATH8 cells against the infectivity and cytopathic effect of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and suppressed proviral DNA synthesis in ATH8 cells exposed to HIV-1 in vitro at concentrations of 50 to 100 microM. These compounds also inhibited the in vitro infectivity of another human pathogenic retrovirus, HIV-2. Furthermore, both compounds completely suppressed the replication of a monocytotropic strain of HIV-1 in monocytes and macrophages at concentrations as low as 0.5 microM, as assessed by inhibition of HIV-1 p24 gag protein production. We also found that 2'-deoxyguanosine readily reversed the antiretroviral activity of cyclobut-G in our system, whereas the activity of cyclobut-A was hardly reversed by 2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-deoxycytidine. We noted, however, that these compounds inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations of greater than or equal to 100 microM in vitro. Although both cyclobut-A and cyclobut-G appear to have a certain level of in vitro toxicity, our observations may have theoretical and clinical implications in understanding the structure-activity relationships of antiretroviral agents active against HIV.
Surveillance for incidence and etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis in Soweto, South Africa (2019)

Using a combination of blood culture and a PCR-based test the common pathogens isolated in neonates with sepsis were Ureaplasma spp. and GBS. Despite documenting higher rates of protocol-defined EOS and using a combination of tests, the etiology for EOS remains elusive.
High <i>T</i><sub>c</sub> Superconducting Ba<sub>2</sub>YCu<sub>3</sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub> Films Prepared by Py rolysis of Organic or Inorganic Acid Salts (1988)

Ba2YCu3Ox films were prepared from inorganic and organic acid salts to investigate the influences of starting materials on the superconducting transition. All films derived from acetates, nitrates and long-chain organic acid salts, as well as those from 2-ethylhexanoates reported previously, showed high Tc superconducting transition after heated at 800°C in pure oxygen atmosphere. The dependence of Tc values on the oxygen content required of the starting materials in pyrolysis shows that annealing depends on the starting materials. This is probably related to the concentration of the oxygen defects and/or the crystallization process of high-Tc phase.
An Algorithm for License Plate Location Based on Color and Texture (2013)

This paper presents a new license plate location algorithm, which employs color and texture features. Firstly, a simple license plate searching algorithm is designed to get the location by mathematical morphology operations and color. Finally, a precise location is obtained according to texture features. The experimental results show that this algorithm is reliable and accurate. Especially, the method is robust to images with poor illumination or complex backgrounds.
The Mammalian de Novo DNA Methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B Are Also DNA 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Dehydroxymethylases (2012)

For cytosine (C) demethylation of vertebrate DNA, it is known that the TET proteins could convert 5-methyl C (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethyl C (5-hmC). However, DNA dehydroxymethylase(s), or enzymes able to directly convert 5-hmC to C, have been elusive. We present in vitro evidence that the mammalian de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, but not the maintenance enzyme DNMT1, are also redox-dependent DNA dehydroxymethylases. Significantly, intactness of the C methylation catalytic sites of these de novo enzymes is also required for their 5-hmC dehydroxymethylation activity. That DNMT3A and DNMT3B function bidirectionally both as DNA methyltransferases and as dehydroxymethylases raises intriguing and new questions regarding the structural and functional aspects of these enzymes and their regulatory roles in the dynamic modifications of the vertebrate genomes during development, carcinogenesis, and gene regulation.
Thermodynamic Performance of an Internal Reheat Gas Turbine (IRGT) with Hydrogen Combustion (1987)

Thermodynamic analysis was performed on three types of multi-stage reheat gas turbine cycles with regenerator. The first one was a regenerative reheat gas turbine system with a hydrogen gas preheater and a steam generator. The second one was the same but with a steam injection at the exit of the compressor. The third one was combined with a steam turbine. The combined cycle gives the best thermal efficiency, i.e. 63% for non-cooled IRGT, and 58% for blade cooled IRGT. The thermal efficiency of the combined cycle with a regenerative reheat gas turbine is better than that of the combined cycle with a simple cycle gas turbine.
Human anti-nucleolin recombinant immunoagent for cancer therapy (2015)

Nucleolin (NCL) is a nucleocytoplasmic protein involved in many biological processes, such as ribosomal assembly, rRNA processing, and mRNA stabilization. NCL also regulates the biogenesis of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in tumor development and aggressiveness. Interestingly, NCL is expressed on the surface of actively proliferating cancer cells, but not on their normal counterparts. Therefore, NCL is an attractive target for antineoplastic treatments. Taking advantage of phage-display technology, we engineered a fully human single-chain fragment variable, named 4LB5. This immunoagent binds NCL on the cell surface, it is translocated into the cytoplasm of target cells, and it abrogates the biogenesis of NCL-dependent miRNAs. Binding of 4LB5 to NCL on the cell surface of a variety of breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, but not to normal-like MCF-10a breast cells, dramatically reduces cancer cell viability and proliferation. Finally, in orthotopic breast cancer mouse models, 4LB5 administration results in a significant reduction of the tumor volume without evident side effects. In summary, here we describe, to our knowledge, the first anti-NCL single-chain fragment variable displaying antineoplastic activity against established solid tumors, which could represent the prototype of novel immune-based NCL-targeting drugs with clinical potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in a wide variety of human cancers.
Arachidonic Acid, Eicosanoids, and Fracture Repair (2010)

Not all fractures heal well or rapidly in the adult skeleton, and basic scientists and clinicians continue to search for ways to make fractures heal more predictably. It is a fundamental tenet of orthopaedics that skeletal injury is followed by inflammation and that this inflammatory response is the first stage in a sequence of events that culminate in skeletal repair. Modulating this response can affect the inflammatory stage and in turn subsequent stages that are required for healing. Literally dozens of studies in animals dating back to the 1970s have investigated the effects of commonly used anti-inflammatory medications on prostaglandin synthesis and fracture repair with strikingly uniform results. More recently, investigators have begun examining other means of modulating the early inflammatory stages after fracture in an effort to enhance fracture healing. This article reviews recent investigations into the potential role of leukotrienes as negative regulators of fracture healing and potential pharmacologic use of medications that block this effect.