gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the use of blind source separation for peak detection in spectrum sensing (2012)

Applying wavelet edge detection technique on observed wideband spectrum, results in a signal which contains frequency band boundaries information. Resultant signal contains peaks at locations corresponding to frequency band boundaries i.e. start and end locations of frequency bands. In the presence of noise resultant signal contains mixture of true peaks and noisy peaks. A threshold value is required to extract true peaks efficiently from mixture. In this paper calculation of threshold value is performed using blind source separation technique. Probability of detection and success ratio plots are used to evaluate proposed technique. Success ratio plot shows improvement of 4 dB and probability of detection plot shows improvement of 8 dB. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is based on the received signal and does not require any apriori information.
Substituted Pyrazoles as Hepatoselective HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Discovery of (3<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-7-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-isopropyl-5-(4-methyl-benzylcarbamoyl)-2<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic Acid (PF-3052334) as a Candidate for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia (2007)

In light of accumulating evidence that aggressive LDL-lowering therapy may offer increased protection against coronary heart disease, we undertook the design and synthesis of a novel series of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors based upon a substituted pyrazole template. Optimizing this series using both structure-based design and molecular property considerations afforded a class of highly efficacious and hepatoselective inhibitors resulting in the identification of (3 R,5 R)-7-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-isopropyl-5-(4-methyl-benzylcarbamoyl)-2 H-pyrazol-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic (PF-3052334) as a candidate for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Broadband Diffractive Neural Networks (2020)

Broadband diffractive neural networks that process a continuum of wavelengths for task- specific component design and all-optical inference are presented. This framework is experimentally demonstrated by designing spectral filters and a spatially-controlled demultiplexer at THz wavelengths.
Cut-Off Wavelength And Mode-Field Diameter Measurements In Single-Mode Fibres (1986)

The advantages and drawbacks of cut-off wavelength and mode-field diameter measurements in single-mode fibres are analyzed with reference to the standardization issues and paying attention to the most recent evolution trends. Each parameter is discussed separately analyzing the various definitions and characterization techniques.
Method and apparatus for storing hydrogen isotopes. [stored as uranium hydride in a block of copper] (1982)

An improved method and apparatus for storing isotopes of hydrogen (especially tritium) are provided. The hydrogen gas is stored as hydrides of material (for example uranium) within boreholes in a block of copper. The mass of the block is critically important to the operation, as is the selection of copper, because no cooling pipes are used. Because no cooling pipes are used, there can be no failure due to cooling pipes. And because copper is used instead of stainless steel, a significantly higher temperature can be reached before the eutectic formation of uranium with copper occurs, (the eutectic of uranium with the iron in stainless steel forms at a significantly lower temperature).
A live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine is attenuated and immunogenic in young infants (2003)

The cp-45 vaccine is appropriately attenuated and immunogenic in infants as young as 1 month of age. Further development of this vaccine is warranted.
Detecting acoustic morphemes in lattices for spoken language understanding (2000)

Current methods for training statistical language models for recognition and understanding require large annotated corpora. The collection, transcription and labeling of such corpora is a major bottleneck for creating new applications and for refinements of existing ones. Thus, it is of great interest to develop methods for automatically learning vocabulary, grammar and semantics from a speech corpus without transcriptions. In this paper we report on an experiment where acoustic morphemes are automatically acquired from the output of a task-independent phone recognizer. The utility of these units is experimentally evaluated for call-type classification in the ’How may I help you?’ task. Detected occurrences of the acoustic morphemes in the lattice output provide the basis for the classification of the test sentences. Using lattices, we achieve a reduction of from the false rejection rate using best paths, albeit with a reduction in the correct classification performance from that baseline.
A molded polymeric resin-filled coupler (1992)

A novel type of molded polymeric resin-filled coupler has been built with the goal of making a low cost and manufacturable 1*N multimode optical coupler. The coupler consists of a low index thermoplastic molded cladding piece part containing an optically finished waveguide channel. The channel is covered with a flat lid of the same material and is filled with a high index resin to form a mode mixing waveguide. Optical fibers are inserted into both ends of the channel before it is filled to complete the pigtailed device. The design accomplished all required tasks with just two materials: the molded low index structural part which provides the waveguide cladding, and the high index waveguide core part which provides the adhesive to hold the fibers in place and the optial refractive index matching to reduce reflections. Two different material systems have been used to construct 1*23 couplers. Typical coupler excess losses are less than 2 dB, and the uniformity among all fibers is better than a 1 dB standard deviation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abstract 1745: Inhibition of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) with a small molecule antagonist enhances the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibition by altering the tumor microenvironment in mouse colorectal tumors: Reducing tumor size and increasing long term survival (2018)

Abstract Mouse CT26 colorectal tumors are heavily infiltrated by tumor-specific CD8 T cells, but nevertheless grow rapidly in Balb/c mice. These tumors are partially responsive to anti-PD-1 (α-PD-1) monoclonal antibody therapy, which suggests that an active suppression of the tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells exists in the untreated tumor. As chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is expressed by a potentially suppressive leukocyte subset within these tumors (monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells aka M-MDSCs), we aimed to test whether CCR2 blockade could enhance the anti-tumor effects of α-PD-1. We have found that the therapeutic effects of α-PD-1 therapy are appreciably enhanced by specific blockade of CCR2 via a small molecule antagonist. This combined α-PD-1/CCR2i approach significantly decreases overall tumor size and increases the proportion of long-term survivors, with more than 50% of the mice (up to 73%) showing complete regression of a previously established tumor. The effects of this combined therapy are dependent on the presence of CD8+ T cells, as tumors do not respond to the therapy in CD8-depleted mice. The anti-CT26 tumor response is specific: long term survivors are resistant to re-inoculation with the CT26 tumor (even without further dosing of either drug) but are not resistant to the 4T1 breast tumor. CCR2 antagonism alters the tumor microenvironment by reducing the number of M-MDSC per gram of tumor (a CCR2hi population phenotypically defined as CD11b+/Ly6G-/Ly6Chi). Reduction in tumor size is inversely proportional to the ratio of CD8 T cells to M-MDSC. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that CCR2 antagonism enhances α-PD-1 therapy by preventing M-MDSC from accumulating within the tumor, thus reducing their suppressive effects on cytotoxic T cells. Citation Format: James J. Campbell, Christine Janson, Linda Ertl, Chris Li, Zhenhua Miao, Antoni Krasinski, Rebecca Lui, Venkat Mali, Jeffrey McMahon, Yibin Zheng, Yu Wang, Xiaoping Zang, Vicky Chhina, Marta Vilalta, Alice Kumamoto, Ton Dang, Shirley Liu, Simon Yao, Penglie Zhang, Thomas J. Schall, Rajinder Singh. Inhibition of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) with a small molecule antagonist enhances the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibition by altering the tumor microenvironment in mouse colorectal tumors: Reducing tumor size and increasing long term survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1745.
Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of Hot-Pressed n-Type Bi<SUB>1.9</SUB>Sb<SUB>0.1</SUB>Te<SUB>2.6</SUB>Se<SUB>0.4</SUB> Alloys Prepared Using a Rapid Solidification Technique (2005)

N-type Bi1.9Sb0.1Te2.6Se0.4 alloys were prepared by a rapid solidification technique and subsequent hot-pressing method. The microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the alloys were investigated as a function of the hot-pressing temperature and pressure. The X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the grains are preferably aligned with the c-axis perpendicular to the direction of the hot-pressing force by the hot-pressing. Hot-pressing at higher temperature promotes the grain growth in the alloys. The Seebeck coefficient (α) and electrical resistivity (ρ) decrease with an increase in the hot-pressing temperature, whereas the thermal conductivity (κ) increases. The specimens prepared at higher temperature greater than 733 K show better thermoelectric performance: the largest dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) is 1.08 at room temperature.
Nonlinear processes in multi-quantum-well plasmonic metasurfaces: Electromagnetic response, saturation effects, limits, and potentials (2015)

Nonlinear metasurfaces based on coupling a locally enhanced plasmonic response to intersubband transitions of $n$-doped multi-quantum-wells (MQWs) can provide second-order susceptibilities orders of magnitude larger than any other nonlinear flat structure measured so far. Here we present a comprehensive theory to characterize the electromagnetic response of nonlinear processes occurring in ultrathin MQW-based plasmonic metasurfaces, providing a homogeneous model that takes phase matching at the unit-cell level and the influence of saturation and losses into account. In addition, the limits imposed by saturation of the MQW transitions on the nonlinear response of these metasurfaces are analytically derived, revealing useful guidelines to design devices with enhanced performance. Our approach is first validated using experimental data and then applied to theoretically investigate novel designs able to achieve significant second-harmonic generation efficiency in the infrared frequency band.
Review on Future Ferroelectric Nonvolatile Memory: FeRAM (1995)

A new crystal engineering of oxide thin films grown epitaxially was claimed for a future ferroelectric nonvolatile memory (FeRAM) from a point of view of scaling and size effect, and its epitaxial growth technology was reviewed. A few ideal models for epitaxial oxide thin films on Si were proposed as a future oxide-FeRAM. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Bi layer-structured ferroelectric thin film with c-axis inplane orientation: This structure is not easy to made, but is an ideal model to pick up the merit of ferroelectric anisotoropy. (2) Bi layer-structured ferroelectric thin film with a planar-type, which means that electric field is applied parallel to a film surface: This idea is based on attaching a greater importance to epitaxial growth of a ferroelectric layered oxide. (3) Ferroelectric oxide artificial superlattice thin film: This is basically interesting structure from a point of view of material searching, and has a possibility to create a new function such as ferroelectric properties standing aloof from the conventional size effect. (4) Ferroelectric oxide artificial superlattice thin film with the planar-type: This film includes at least a paraelectric oxide layer, and this may create a new 2-dimensional anisotropy of ferroelectric property as a result.
Preparation and properties of multifilament niobium carbonitride superconductor (1975)

The preparation and characterization of a multifilament niobium carbonitride yarn is reported here for the first time. The fine diameter multifilament yarn was prepared by chemical conversion of a precursor carbon yarn. The fibers are generally composed of both NbC and NbCN phases and exhibit a T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> of 16-17.5°K and an H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c2</inf> of 110- 120kG. I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> values at zero field of up to 130 amperes have been measured corresponding to a J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> is proportional to the amount of superconductor phase present as judged by weight gain data. At low conversion levels an anomaly has been detected in critical current behavior of the fibers suggesting a non-continuous superconducting path. Electrical contact to the fibers by copper coating is discussed showing the importance of obtaining a low resistance contact. J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> was measured as a function of magnetic field for both the pure material and samples doped with silicon using SiCl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> . The silicon dopant was found to be effective in reducing the field dependence of the critical current.
Structural Health Monitoring of Composite Structures With Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors (2010)

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are lightweight and inexpensive enablers for a large class of structural health monitoring (SHM) applications such as: (a) embedded guided-wave ultrasonics, i.e., pitch-catch, pulse-echo, phased arrays; (b) high-frequency modal sensing, i.e., the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method; (c) passive detection (acoustic emission and impact detection). The focus of this paper will be on the challenges and opportunities posed by the composite structures as different from the metallic structures on which this methodology was initially developed. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses damage modes in composites. Then, it reviews the PWAS-based SHM principles. It follows with a discussion of guided wave propagation in composites and PWAS tuning effects. Finally, the paper presents some experimental results with damage detection in composite specimens. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work.
Photoinduced optical anisotropy and color adaptation in silver-containing glasses (1979)

This paper reports photoinduced optical anisotropy (dichromism and birefringence) and color adaptation in oxide glasses containing silver and halogens. The effects are found in both photochromic and fixed-tint glasses. In certain of the photochromic glasses there is memory, such that after thermal fading redarkening by uv radiation reestablishes the anisotropic or color-adapted state. Dichroic ratios of 4 and birefringences of Δn=10−4 have been measured. The effects, similar to the Herschel and Weigert effects in silver halide photography, are explained on the basis of optical bleaching of anisotropically shaped submicroscopic aggregates of silver in contact with a silver halide.
High-efficiency Detection of 66 000 Da Protein Molecules Using a Cryogenic Detector in a Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer (1996)

We present the first experimental results obtained using a cryogenically-cooled Nb–Al2O3–Nb superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction detector operating at 1.3 K as an ion detector in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As opposed to microchannel-plate ion detectors (MCPs) commonly used in such systems, cryogenic detectors such as SIS detectors offer a near 100% detection efficiency for all ions including single, very massive, slow-moving macromolecules. We describe the operating principle of an SIS detector and its use as an ion detector in our matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer and compare its response to an MCP detector operated in the same system. To our knowledge, this is the first direct comparison of these detector types in this application. A comparison of count rates and time-of-flight spectra obtained with both detectors for human serum albumin (molecular weight 66 000 Da) indicates a two to three orders of magnitude higher detection efficiency per unit area for the SIS detector at this mass. For higher molecular masses we expect an even higher relative efficiency for cryogenic detectors since MCPs show a rapid decline in detection efficiency as ion mass increases, which is not expected to be the case for cryogenic detectors. Our results imply that time-of-flight techniques could be extended beyond the current upper mass limit if cryogenic detectors are used. Initially, cryogenic detectors will be used for the analysis of large protein molecules. If non-fragmenting ionization techniques can be perfected, cryogenic detectors will also open the possibility of the rapid analysis of large DNA molecules and perhaps intact microorganisms.
Preparation of Nitrogen‐Rich Nanolayered, Nanoclustered, and Nanodendritic Carbon Nitrides (2004)

Only C and N atoms are present in the high-nitrogen compound 4,4′,6,6′-tetra(azido)azo-1,3,5-triazine (TAAT), which is thus an ideal precursor for carbon nitrides. Controlled pyrolysis of TAAT afforded novel nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides in the form of nanolayers (C2N3), nanoclusters (C3N5), and nanodendrites (C3N5, see SEM image). The pyrolyses occur at low temperature and without applied pressure and require no vacuum systems, extraction, carbonization, or purification.
Apparatus and method for therapeutic application of vibro-acoustical energy to human body (1992)

First Page
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2004)

We report our successful development of THz quantum cascade lasers with two unique features. The intersubband gain medium is based on resonant optical phonon scattering to depopulate the lower lasing level, and the THz mode confinement is achieved using a metal-semiconductor-metal waveguide. To date, lasing has been achieved at wavelengths longer than 100 mW and above liquid nitrogen temperature. Maximum peak power levels exceed 10 mW and more than 4 mW of power is still available at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Graded phenotypic response to partial and complete deficiency of a brain-specific transcript variant of the winged helix transcription factor RFX4 (2003)

One line of mice harboring a cardiac-specific epoxygenase transgene developed head swelling and rapid neurological decline in young adulthood, and had marked hydrocephalus of the lateral and third ventricles. The transgene was found to be inserted into an intron in the mouse Rfx4 locus. This insertion apparently prevented expression of a novel variant transcript of RFX4 (RFX4_v3), a member of the regulatory factor X family of winged helix transcription factors. Interruption of two alleles resulted in profound failure of dorsal midline brain structure formation and perinatal death, presumably by interfering with expression of downstream genes. Interruption of a single allele prevented formation of the subcommissural organ, a structure important for cerebrospinal fluid flow through the aqueduct of Sylvius, and resulted in congenital hydrocephalus. These data implicate the RFX4_v3 variant transcript as being crucial for early brain development, as well as for the genesis of the subcommissural organ. These findings may be relevant to human congenital hydrocephalus, a birth defect that affects approximately 0.6 per 1000 newborns.
<title>Thin film waveguide sensors for chemical detection</title> (1999)

A chemical sensor scheme, based on selective sensing surfaces and highly sensitive integrated optical transduction is presented. Self-assembly techniques are used to covalently attach species selective films onto the surface of silicon nitride waveguides. Exposure to targeted analytes results in selective absorption of these molecules onto the waveguide surface, causing a change in the effective refractive index of the guided modes. These relative changes in effective refractive indices of TM and TE modes are measured using Zeeman interferometry. The measurements demonstrate reversible, real time sensing of volatile organic compounds at ppm level. Improvements in the waveguide design are proposed to further increase the sensor performance.
A simple acquisition strategy to avoid off‐resonance blurring in spiral imaging with redundant spiral‐in/out k‐space trajectories (2014)

The redundant spiral-in/out trajectory results in less image blur for a given readout length than a traditional spiral-out scan, reducing the need for complex off-resonance correction algorithms.
Energy-efficient waveform shapes for neural stimulation revealed with a genetic algorithm (2010)

The energy efficiency of stimulation is an important consideration for battery-powered implantable stimulators. We used a genetic algorithm (GA) to determine the energy-optimal waveform shape for neural stimulation. The GA was coupled to a computational model of extracellular stimulation of a mammalian myelinated axon. As the GA progressed, waveforms became increasingly energy efficient and converged upon an energy-optimal shape. The results of the GA were consistent across several trials, and resulting waveforms resembled truncated Gaussian curves. When constrained to monophasic cathodic waveforms, the GA produced waveforms that were symmetric about the peak, which occurred approximately during the middle of the pulse. However, when the cathodic waveforms were coupled to rectangular charge-balancing anodic pulses, the location and sharpness of the peak varied with the duration and timing (i.e., before or after the cathodic phase) of the anodic phase. In a model of a population of mammalian axons and in vivo experiments on a cat sciatic nerve, the GA-optimized waveforms were more energy efficient and charge efficient than several conventional waveform shapes used in neural stimulation. If used in implantable neural stimulators, GA-optimized waveforms could prolong battery life, thereby reducing the frequency of recharge intervals, the volume of implanted pulse generators, and the costs and risks of battery-replacement surgeries.