gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DSP-Based Dual-Polarity Mass Spectrum Pattern Recognition for Bio-Detection (2006)

The bio-aerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS) instrument analyzes single aerosol particles using a dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectrometer recording simultaneously spectra of thirty to a hundred thousand points on each polarity. We describe here a real-time pattern recognition algorithm developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that has been implemented on a nine digital signal processor (DSP) system from Signatec Incorporated. The algorithm first pre-processes independently the raw time-of-flight data through an adaptive baseline removal routine. The next step consists of a polarity dependent calibration to a mass-to-charge representation, reducing the data to about five hundred to a thousand channels per polarity. The last step is the identification step using a pattern recognition algorithm based on a library of known particle signatures including threat agents and background particles. The identification step includes integrating the two polarities for a final identification determination using a score-based rule tree. This algorithm, operating on multiple channels per-polarity and multiple polarities, is well suited for parallel real-time processing. It has been implemented on the PMP8A from Signatec Incorporated, which is a computer based board that can interface directly to the two one-Giga-sample digitizers (PDA1000 from Signatec Incorporated) used to record the two polarities of time-of-flight data. By using optimized data separation, pipelining, and parallel processing across the nine DSPs it is possible to achieve a processing speed of up to a thousand particles per seconds, while maintaining the recognition rate observed on a non-real time implementation. This embedded system has allowed the BAMS technology to improve its throughput and therefore its sensitivity while maintaining a large dynamic range (number of channels and two polarities) thus maintaining the systems specificity for bio-detection
Fabricating arrays of strings (1997)

Interactive sequencing by hybridization (ISBH) is a new approach to DNA sequencing which uses interaction to dramatically reduce the number of oligonucleotides for de novo sequencing of large DNA fragments, while preserving the parallelism which is the primary advantage of conventional SBH. Through simulations, we have established that 64kb fragments can be sequenced using approximately ten rounds of standard-sized 64k oligonucleotide arrays. This represents a potentially significant advance in sequencing large DNA fragments.
Transient and optoelectronic feedback-sustained pulsation of laser diodes at 1300 nm (1995)

We report the observation of self-sustained pulsation and transient self-pulsation in laser diodes at 1300 nm and the effects of optoelectronic feedback on the pulsations. Transient self-pulsation has a lifetime of a few minutes with frequencies up to 7 GHz. The linewidth of self-pulsation is on the order of 0.5 GHz. With optoelectronic feedback, the transient self-pulsation can be sustained and the linewidth significantly reduced to about 20 kHz. The center frequency of feedback-sustained pulsation is dependent on the passband of the bandpass filter in the feedback loop. The feedback sustained pulsation can be frequency modulated for applications in subcarrier multiplexed optical networks such as cable TV distribution and antenna remoting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measurement of cross linked fibrin derivatives in plasma: an immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Fibrinogen degradation, fibrin polymerisation, and the insertion of cross links into fibrin by fibrin stabilising factor lead to the appearance of new antigenic determinants. Antibodies against these antigenic sites may react specifically with the derivatives but not with the parent molecules. We have utilised a monoclonal antibody, which interacts with the cross linked fragment D dimer and related high molecular weight fibrin derivatives, to develop an enzyme immunoassay which measures cross linked fibrin derivatives in plasma and serum using D dimer as standard. Mean concentration in plasma from normal subjects was 75 ng/ml with an upper limit of about 144 ng/ml. Concentrations in patients with pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, arterial thromboembolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were raised in all cases. Confirmation of the specific increase of cross linked fibrin derivatives in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation was obtained by parallel monitoring of their fibrin degradation products in serum using affinity chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In many patients the plasma concentrations greatly exceeded the serum values of cross linked fibrin degradation products, suggesting that the procedure can measure fibrin derivatives in plasma which are absent from serum.
Maximum likelihood sequence estimation in the presence of constant envelope interference [cellular radio networks] (2003)

Gaussian models of signal disturbance are widely used in conventional designs of mobile receivers. However, such models do not accurately reflect the statistics of co-channel interference in narrow-band cellular networks. In this paper, we investigate the potential of suppressing co-channel interference using a simple non-Gaussian disturbance model in equalization. In particular, the model exploits the constant-envelope nature of GMSK-modulated interference, which commonly appears in GSM/EDGE networks. We show that the metric of the corresponding MLSE equalizer is simply the sum of the conventional Euclidean-distance metric and a correction term that depends on the estimated amplitude of the interference. The new metric sagaciously biases the decision regions in accordance with the non-Gaussian statistics. Using the GSM/EDGE air interface, we demonstrate that a large gain (up to 18 dB) in C/I can be achieved by the new metric with little increase in receiver complexity.
In Situ Stabilization of Soil Lead Using Phosphorus and Manganese Oxide (2000)

In addition to the formation of insoluble lead (Pb) compounds, adsorption is another potentially important process controlling the bioavailability of Pb in soils. Less attention has been given to manganese (Mn) oxides, even though they are known to adsorb Pb more strongly than any other metal (hydr)oxides. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of P and Mn oxide on bioavailable Pb in five metal-contaminated soils or mine spoils from Kansas and Missouri. Cryptomelane was used as the representative Mn oxide. Nine treatments were used: zero P, 5000 mg of P as triple superphosphate (TSP) or phosphate rock (PR), 2500 and 5000 mg of Mn oxide/kg, and combinations of Mn oxide and P as TSP or PR. Changes in bioavailable Pb over time were measured using a modified physiologically based extraction procedure (PBET), and mineralogical changes were observed using X-ray diffraction. The addition of P or cryptomelane reduced bioavailable Pb in all five materials. The addition of P and cryptomelane together was more effective in reducing bioavailable Pb than the addition of either amendment alone in all materials. Reductions in bioavailable Pb in stomach phase extractions upon addition of P or P and cryptomelane ranged from 15 to 41% and 23 to 67%, respectively, compared to the unamended control. Similarly, a modified toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) indicated less soluble Pb in materials receiving P and cryptomelane compared to the control, P- or cryptomelane-treated samples. X-ray diffractometry analysis supported the PBET and TCLP results, indicating that more “pyromorphite-like minerals” formed in the presence of both P and Mn oxide compared to the control. This new improved technique to remediate Pb-contaminated soil and mine wastes has advantages over standard methods.
Horizontal cross flow filtration and rinsing of ice from saline slurries (1996)

Abstract Continuous filtration of ice slurries (with particles of about 80 μm diameter) to generate potable water was investigated. In the filtration process the ice is driven through a stationary channel with liquid draining through narrow slots in the base. Most of the liquid drained from the slurry at ambient pressure and the residual liquid trapped in the pores of the consolidated ice bed was displaced to a vacuum after downstream rinsing with sprayed or melt water. The cost of this approach may be competitive with reverse osmosis if an automated unit is developed.
A process for separating acid-sugar mixtures using ion exclusion chromatography (1994)

Work using a low-temperature concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis process to convert the cellulosic fraction of corn stover to monomeric sugars demonstrated the high conversion efficiencies possible with that process. The TVA work also confirmed the need for a cost-effective acid-sugar separation process. A preparative-scale ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC) system was designed, constructed, and tested with a variety of synthetic solutions and actual hydrolyzates. Although significant dispersion was observed initially, design changes were effective in minimizing this phenomenon. Data collected during the operation of the preparative-scale system were used in the design and construction of an IEC miniplant capable of processing larger volumes of synthetic solutions or hydrolyzates and in the design of an extraction-assisted IEC system. The data were also used to assess the viability of a continuous feed IEC system. This paper includes a discussion of the IEC process, provides overall material balances for various IEC process scenarios, and presents a discussion on process economics.
Fast- and thermal-neutron detection with common NaI(Tl) detectors (2022)

Radionuclide Identification Devices (RIDs) or Backpack Radiation Detection Systems (BRDs) are often equipped with NaI(Tl) detectors. We demonstrate that such instruments could be provided with reasonable thermal- and fast-neutron sensitivity by means of an improved and sophisticated processing of the digitized detector signals: Fast neutrons produce nuclear recoils in the scintillation crystal. Corresponding signals are detectible and can be distinguished from that of electronic interactions by pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) techniques as used in experiments searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Thermal neutrons are often captured in iodine nuclei of the scintillator. The gamma-ray cascades following such captures comprise a sum energy of almost 7 MeV, and some of them involve isomeric states leading to delayed gamma emissions. Both features can be used to distinguish corresponding detector signals from responses to ambient gamma radiation. The experimental proof was adduced by offline analyses of pulse records taken with a commercial RID. An implementation of such techniques in commercial RIDs is feasible.
Evidence for a Potential Role of Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2009)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic, relapsing, immune-mediated disorders of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Recent studies underscore the importance of the damaged epithelial barrier and the dysregulated innate immune system in their pathogenesis. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of small proteins with a high and conserved cysteine content that are rapidly upregulated in response to an inflammatory stimulus. Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding the expression and potential role of MTs in IBD. MTs exert a central position in zinc homeostasis, modulate the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and serve as antioxidants. In addition, MTs could be involved in IBD through their antiapoptotic effects or through specific immunomodulating extracellular effects. Reports on MT expression in IBD are contradictory but clearly demonstrate a deviant MT expression supporting the idea that these aberrations in IBD require further clarification.
Synthesis and comparative skeletal muscle relaxant activity of some 2,4-imidazolidinediones and their corresponding 5-hydroxy-2,4-imidazolidinediones (1978)

A series of 5-hydroxy substitution products of 2,4-imidazolidinediones, including the 5-hydroxy metabolite of the skeletal muscle contraction antagonist, dantrolene sodium, has been synthesized and evaluated for skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Most of these analogues are active in vivo with iv administration and in vitro. While two analogues are also active by oral and ip administration, only 1-[[[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]methylene]amino]-5-hydroxy-2,4-imidazolidinedione is sufficiently active in inhibiting the Straub tail in mice. However, none of these analogues has a muscle relaxant efficacy index greater than 1, comparable to dantrolene.
Magnetic field imaging by using magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy (1992)

Magnetic fields on previously recorded magnetic disk are measured and analyzed using a modified scanning tunneling microscope. The technique employs the interaction of local magnetic field with a flexible thin-film magnetic probe. The dependence of resolution and image contrast on spatial orientation of the probe with respect to the sample is theoretically investigated. The predictions of this model, in limiting cases, are supported and illustrated by experimental results. A method for a controlled batch fabrication of probe tips is also discussed.
Electrodynamic transducer comprising a two-part diaphragm (1990)

First Page
Low Cost Automated Farm Turnout for Better Water Management (2001)

A low cost automated farm turnout is designed to maintain turnout flow rates toindividual farm fields. Several low-cost, commercially available components are combined tofabricate this device. The cost of all the components is approximately $2500. Thesecomponents are designed to work together to maintain constant irrigation deliveries andeliminate fluctuations caused by changing levels in supply canals. The equipment can be easilyadapted to existing turnouts and farmers can do most of the installation. Presently, three ofthese automated turnouts are being tested on farms near Boise, Idaho.
View-Upload Decoupling: A Redesign of Multi-Channel P2P Video Systems (2009)

In current multi-channel live P2P video systems, there are several fundamental performance problems including exceedingly-large channel switching delays, long playback lags, and poor performance for less popular channels. These performance problems primarily stem from two intrinsic characteristics of multi-channel P2P video systems: channel churn and channel- resource imbalance. In this paper, we propose a radically different cross-channel P2P streaming framework, called view-upload decoupling (VUD). VUD strictly decouples peer downloading from uploading, bringing stability to multichannel systems and enabling cross-channel resource sharing. We propose a set of peer assignment and bandwidth allocation algorithms to properly provision bandwidth among channels, and introduce substream swarming to reduce the bandwidth overhead. We evaluate the performance of VUD via extensive simulations as well with a PlanetLab implementation. Our simulation and PlanetLab results show that VUD is resilient to channel churn, and achieves lower switching delay and better streaming quality. In particular, the streaming quality of small channels is greatly improved.
Text-To-Speech Conversion with Neural Networks: A Recurrent TDNN\n Approach (1998)

This paper describes the design of a neural network that performs the\nphonetic-to-acoustic mapping in a speech synthesis system. The use of a\ntime-domain neural network architecture limits discontinuities that occur at\nphone boundaries. Recurrent data input also helps smooth the output parameter\ntracks. Independent testing has demonstrated that the voice quality produced by\nthis system compares favorably with speech from existing commercial\ntext-to-speech systems.\n
Nanoparticle cellular uptake by dendritic wedge peptides: achieving single peptide facilitated delivery (2017)

Significant efforts are being undertaken to optimize the cargo carrying capacity and especially the cellular delivery efficiency of functionalized nanoparticles for applications in biological research and pharmacological delivery. One approach to increasing nanoparticle surface cargo display capacity is to decrease the number of moieties required for mediating cellular delivery by improving their efficiency. We describe a series of multivalent cell penetrating peptide (CPP) dendrimers that facilitate rapid cellular delivery of prototypical nanoparticle-semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The modular CPP dendrimers were assembled through an innovative convergent oxime ligation strategy between (Arg<sub>9</sub>)<sub>n</sub> motifs and a dendritic QD-coordination scaffold. Dendrimeric peptides sequentially incorporate a terminal (His)<sub>6</sub> motif for metal-affinity QD coordination, a Pro<sub>9</sub> spacer, a branching poly-lysine scaffold, and wedged display of (Arg<sub>9</sub>)<sub>n</sub> binding motifs with n = 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, 16× multivalency. QD dendrimer display capacity was estimated using structural simulations and QD-(Arg<sub>9</sub>)<sub>1-16</sub> conjugates characterized by dynamic light scattering along with surface plasmon resonance-based binding assays to heparan sulfate proteoglycan surfaces. Cellular uptake via endocytosis was confirmed and peptide delivery kinetics investigated as a function of QD-(Arg<sub>9</sub>)<sub>1-16</sub> conjugate exposure time and QD assembly ratio where cellular viability assays reflected no overt cytotoxicity. The ability of single dendrimer conjugates to facilitate cellular uptake was confirmed for QD-(Arg<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2-16</sub> repeats along with the ability to deliver >850 kDa of protein cargo per QD. Minimizing the number of CPPs required for cellular uptake is critical for expanding nanoparticle cargo carrying capacity and can allow for inclusion of additional sensors, therapeutics and contrast agents on their surface.
Cell‐induced potentiation of the plasminogen activation system is abolished by a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the NH<sub>2</sub>‐terminal domain of the urokinase receptor (1991)

We have raised four monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes within the human cell-surface receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). One of these antibodies completely abolishes the potentiation of plasmin generation observed upon incubation of the zymogens pro-u-PA and plasminogen with U937 cells. This antibody, which is also the only one to completely inhibit the binding of DFP-inactivated [125I]-u-PA to U937 cells, is directed against the u-PA binding NH2-terminal domain of u-PAR, a well-defined fragment formed by limited chymotrypsin digestion of purified u-PAR, demonstrating the functional independence of the u-PA binding domain as well as the critical role of u-PAR in the assembly of the cell-surface plasminogen activation system.
Replicated indexes for distributed data (2002)

The author describes a distributed index structure, in which data is distributed among multiple sites and indexes to the data are replicated over multiple sites. This permits good scalability as storage and accessing load are distributed over the sites and each site with an index replica has fast local access to the index structure, making remote requests at most for data at the leaves of the index tree. He calls his method the dPi-tree because it is based on the Pi-tree. He replicates the index without the need for coherence messages. This works whether the index replica is persistent or a transient cached copy. He generalizes a technique first used to provide recovery for Pi-tree indexes to independently and lazily maintain the index replicas. A further result is that each index replica is fully recoverable, an area not treated previously in replication schemes. He also shows how the data in the leaves of the index can be distributed and re-distributed at very low cost.
Temperature dependent magnetic properties of the 1.2-μm bubble diameter compositions (La,Sm,Lu,Tm)3(Fe,Ga)5O12 and (La,Sm,Lu,Tm,Ca)3(Fe,Ge)5O12 (1984)

Magnetic garnet films of composition (La,Sm,Lu,Tm)3(Fe,Ga)5O12 and (La,Sm,Lu,Tm,Ca)3 (Fe,Ge)5O12 were grown on (111)-oriented substrates of Gd3Ga5O12 to meet a typical as-grown room-temperature specification for a device utilizing bubbles of 1.2-μm nominal diameter: 0.90–1.30 μm thickness, 1.00–1.40 μm stripe width, 300–350 Oe collapse field, 1800–2200 Oe anisotropy field, Q&gt;2.8, film/substrate lattice constant mismatch &lt;0.3 pm, and the magnitude of the temperature coefficient of the bubble collapse field measured at 50 °C between 0.21% and 0.23% °C−1. Films were grown at about 960 °C from a PbO/B2O3 flux using the isothermal dipping technique with rotation. Growth rate was adjusted in the range 0.40–0.95 μm min−1 to attain a desired characteristic length of 0.130–0.145 μm. The role of Tm is to reduce the magnetization at a given Curie temperature, which allows films to be grown at a Curie temperature of 470 K and a magnetization of 680 G for the Ga-substituted composition, and a Curie temperature of 493 K and a magnetization of 660 G for the (Ca,Ge)-substituted composition. Film properties were measured over a temperature range of −20 to +100 °C by optical and FMR techniques. The temperature coefficient of the anisotropy field is nearly constant from −20 to +100 °C and has a value of about −0.7% °C−1 in both compositions.
Development of a robotic device for MRI-guided interventions in the breast (2001)

The objective of this work was to develop a robotic apparatus for MR-guided biopsy and therapeutic interventions in the breast. This device facilitates (i) conditioning of the breast, by setting the orientation and degree of compression, (ii) definition of the interventional probe trajectory, by setting the height and angulation of a probe guide and (iii) positioning of an interventional probe, by setting the depth of insertion. The apparatus is fitted with appropriate computer-controlled degrees of freedom for optimal approach for delivering and monitoring interventions with MR-guidance, such as diagnostic or therapeutic trans-cannula or subcutaneous minimally invasive procedures. The entire device is constructed of MR compatible material, i.e. non-magnetic and non-conductive, to eliminate artifacts and distortion of the local magnetic field. The apparatus is remotely controlled by means of ultrasonic actuators and a graphics user interface, providing real-time MR-guided planning and monitoring of the operation.
Fast-Convergence Self-Adjusting SECE Circuit With Tunable Short-Circuit Duration Exhibiting 368% Bandwidth Improvement (2020)

The harvesting frequency bandwidth (HBW) of a resonant-based electromechanical harvester is inherently limited by its quality factor. Electrical tuning of the resonant frequency leveraged by a significant electromechanical coupling is a promising approach to enhance the HBW and paves the way toward industrialization of robust vibration energy harvesting system. However, it remains challenging to design a self-powered harvesting IC that includes self-tuning capabilities, especially at low vibration amplitude. This letter describes the shorted synchronous electrical charge extraction (SSECE) strategy and proposes a dedicated self-powered integrated circuit, including power stage, sensors to sequence the harvesting phases, and power sensing. An on-chip tracker dynamically maximizes the harvesting power when the piezoelectric-based harvester characteristics or excitation frequency shifts. The experimental results show a 368% HBW enlargement with the highest convergence FoM (0.213) and the lowest power-peak frequency compared to the prior art.