gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed cation zeolites: Li<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ag<sub><i>y</i></sub>‐X as a superior adsorbent for air separation (1999)

Abstract Li‐X zeolite (Si/Al = 1.0) is currently the best sorbent for use in the separation of air by adsorption processes. Silver is also known to strongly affect the adsorptive properties of zeolites and thermal vacuum dehydration of silver zeolites leads to the formation of silver clusters within the zeolite. In this work we synthesized type X zeolites containing varying mixtures of Li and Ag. Adding very small amounts of Ag at the proper dehydration conditions formed silver clusters and enhanced adsorptive characteristics and energetic heterogeneity, as compared to those of the near fully exchanged Li + ‐zeolites. The performance for air separation by the best of these sorbents, containing, on average, only one Ag per unit cell, was compared to that of the near fully Li + ‐exchanged zeolite using a standard PSA cycle by numerical simulation. The results show that the new sorbent provides a significantly higher (> 10%) product throughput at the same product purity and recovery when compared to that of the near fully Li + ‐exchanged zeolite.
Local Histograms for Design of Transfer Functions in Direct Volume Rendering (2006)

Direct Volume Rendering (DVR) is of increasing diagnostic value in the analysis of data sets captured using the latest medical imaging modalities. The deployment of DVR in everyday clinical work, however, has so far been limited. One contributing factor is that current Transfer Function (TF) models can encode only a small fraction of the user's domain knowledge. In this paper, we use histograms of local neighborhoods to capture tissue characteristics. This allows domain knowledge on spatial relations in the data set to be integrated into the TF. As a first example, we introduce Partial Range Histograms in an automatic tissue detection scheme and present its effectiveness in a clinical evaluation. We then use local histogram analysis to perform a classification where the tissue-type certainty is treated as a second TF dimension. The result is an enhanced rendering where tissues with overlapping intensity ranges can be discerned without requiring the user to explicitly define a complex, multidimensional TF.
Design for an X-ray Nanoprobe Prototype with a Sub-10-nm Positioning Requirement (2004)

We are developing a new hard x‐ray nanoprobe beamline with 30 nm resolution at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Imaging and spectroscopy at this resolution level require staging of x‐ray optics and specimens with a mechanical repeatability of better than 10 nm. We have developed a prototype instrument with a novel interferometrically controlled scanning stage system. The system consists of nine DC‐motor‐driven stages, four picomotor‐driven stages, and two PZT‐driven stages. An APS‐designed custom‐built laser Doppler displacement meter system provides two‐dimensional differential displacement measurement with subnanometer resolution between the zone‐plate x‐ray optics and the sample holder. Also included is the alignment and stable positioning of two stacked zone plates for increasing the focusing efficiency. The entire scanning system was designed with high stiffness, high repeatability, low drift, flexible scanning schemes, and possibility of fast feedback for differential motion. Designs of the scanning stage system, as well as preliminary mechanical test results, are presented in this paper.
Compact sources of correlated and entangled photons (2007)

We present two experiments geared toward the realization of a robust and intense source of polarization-entangled photons. First, we describe a novel source of polarization-entangled pairs that uses periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) and an interferometer based on polarization beam displacers. The source emits an intense flux of high-quality single-mode entangled photons and is stable, robust, and easy to align. Second, we report on sources of correlated photons generated in PPKTP waveguides. Waveguide sources of correlated pairs have been shown to generate high fluxes of pairs: we theoretically and experimentally investigate spontaneous parametric down-conversion generation of photon pairs in waveguides at different wavelengths.
Saliency Detection via Dense and Sparse Reconstruction (2013)

In this paper, we propose a visual saliency detection algorithm from the perspective of reconstruction errors. The image boundaries are first extracted via super pixels as likely cues for background templates, from which dense and sparse appearance models are constructed. For each image region, we first compute dense and sparse reconstruction errors. Second, the reconstruction errors are propagated based on the contexts obtained from K-means clustering. Third, pixel-level saliency is computed by an integration of multi-scale reconstruction errors and refined by an object-biased Gaussian model. We apply the Bayes formula to integrate saliency measures based on dense and sparse reconstruction errors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against seventeen state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision and recall. In addition, the proposed algorithm is demonstrated to be more effective in highlighting salient objects uniformly and robust to background noise.
A Water-Soluble Cationic Zinc Lysine Precursor for Coating ZnO on Biomaterial Surfaces (2016)

A novel water-soluble cationic zinc lysine coordination compound, [Zn[(C6H14N2O2)]2Cl]Cl·2H2O (1), has been designed and synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The aqueous solution of this coordination compound is not only transparent and stable at room temperature but it is also nearly neutral (pH ∼ 7). It is worth noting that zinc oxide (ZnO) forms in situ upon dilution of a solution of the compound. The bioactivity of ZnO has been confirmed using an Alarma Blue assay. These unique properties allow the coordination compound to gently grow ZnO coating with excellent antibacterial benefits onto biomaterial surfaces in a facile and safe manner.
Structure Prediction of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Their Ensemble of Functionally Important Conformations (2012)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins whose "pleiotropic" nature enables transmembrane (TM) signal transduction, amplification, and diversification via G protein-coupled and β arrestin-coupled pathways. GPCRs appear to enable this by being structurally flexible and by existing in different conformational states with potentially different signaling and functional consequences. We describe a method for the prediction of the three-dimensional structures of these different conformations of GPCRs starting from their amino acid sequence. It combines a unique protocol of computational methods that first predict the TM regions of these receptors and TM helix shapes based on those regions, which is followed by a locally complete sampling of TM helix packings and their scoring that results in a few (~10-20) lowest energy conformations likely to play a role in binding to different ligands and signaling events. Prediction of the structures for multiple conformations of a GPCR is starting to enable the testing of multiple hypotheses related to GPCR activation and binding to ligands with different signaling profiles.
Wind Forecast Error and Trajectory Prediction for En-Route Scheduling (2009)

This work examines wind forecast forecast error as it pertains to aircraft trajectory prediction for scheduling and spacing optimized profile descents. We first perform a statistcal analysis of the RUC-2 wind forecast by comparing the forecast with one year of archived ACARS wind speed observations. This analysis provided insights into the RUC-2 forecast’s tendency to over or under predict wind speed contributions to aircraft trajectory predictions depending on the direction of flight. These results were supported by an additional simuilation study using historical ACARS paths and airspeed profiles wand RUC-2 wind forecasts to predict flight times along multiple routings from west-coast origin airports to KATL. These predictions were then compared to the actual flights times of the ACARS path and used to form flight time error distributions as a function of aircraft routing and prediction horizon. We found that flights originating from more northernly located airports were less susceptiable to error in the RUC-2 forecasts, becuase a significant difference existed bewtween their ground track angle and the prevailing wind direction from the wind forecast. The ultimate contribution of this work is the recognition and evidence that the spatial distribution of wind forecast errors plays a significant role in trajectory prediction error. More importantly, these values must not be seen as static values, rather as continuous parameters that must be reevaluated as a predicted trajectory enters different regions of the national airspace.
Strong Muscle-Specific Regulatory Cassettes Based on Multiple Copies of the Human Slow Troponin I Gene Upstream Enhancer (2009)

High-level tissue-specific expression of recombinant proteins in muscle is an important issue for several therapeutic applications. To achieve this goal, we generated several constructs containing one to five copies of the upstream enhancer (USE) of 160-bp of the human slow troponin I gene, linked to that gene's minimal promoter. We also tested constructs made with one to four copies of a 100-bp deletion of USE (DeltaUSE) reported to drive pan-muscle-specific expression in transgenic mice. These constructs were evaluated by measuring the activity of the reporter gene beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). In cell culture, these multimerized enhancers retained tissue specificity and their transcriptional strength increased with the number of enhancer copies. In myotube cultures (which still contain nondifferentiated cells), constructs containing four and five USE copies were stronger than the cytomegalovirus (CMV) early enhancer/promoter and slightly weaker than the hybrid CMV enhancer/beta-actin (CB) promoter. Those containing three USE, or four DeltaUSE copies were similar in strength to CMV. After electrotransfer of plasmid DNA into the mouse tibialis anterior muscle, the strengths of the two constructs (USEx3 and DeltaUSEx3) were tested; as measured by beta-gal activity in the total muscle lysate and by the number of transduced fibers, they were similar to CMV and CB. Muscle fiber typing, after electrotransfer of the soleus muscle, showed that DeltaUSEx3 and USEx3 were active in slow and fast fibers. The tissue specificity of these two constructs was also evaluated by hydrodynamic plasmid injection through the tail vein. Although significant beta-gal expression was measured in the liver when CMV was tested, no expression above background level was detected with USEx3 and DeltaUSEx3. The strength, muscle specificity, and small size of these transcriptional elements render them very attractive for gene therapy applications.
Acoustic device and method for measuring gas densities (1993)

Density measurements can be made in a gas contained in a flow through enclosure by measuring the sound pressure level at a receiver or microphone located near a dipole sound source which is driven at constant velocity amplitude at low frequencies. Analytical results, which are provided in terms of geometrical parameters, wave numbers, and sound source type for systems of this invention, agree well with published data. The relatively simple designs feature a transmitter transducer at the closed end of a small tube and a receiver transducer on the circumference of the small tube located a small distance away from the transmitter. The transmitter should be a dipole operated at low frequency with the kL value preferable less that about 0.3.
High-rate automated deposition system for the manufacture of complex multilayer coatings (2000)

A previously described automated thin-film deposition system based on rf-magnetron sputtering could deposit quite complex optical multilayer systems with good precision and with no one in attendance [Sullivan and Dobrowolski, Appl. Opt. 32, 2351-2360 (1993)]. However, the deposition rate was slow, and the uniform area on the substrate was limited. We describe an ac-magnetron sputtering process in which the same deposition accuracy has been combined with significantly better film uniformity and a fivefold or sevenfold increase in the deposition rate. This makes the equipment of commercial interest. Experimental results are presented for several difficult coating problems.
Driven Production of Cold Antihydrogen and the First Measured Distribution of Antihydrogen States (2002)

Cold antihydrogen is produced when antiprotons are repeatedly driven into collisions with cold positrons within a nested Penning trap. Efficient antihydrogen production takes place during many cycles of positron cooling of antiprotons. A first measurement of a distribution of antihydrogen states is made using a preionizing electric field between separated production and detection regions. Surviving antihydrogen is stripped in an ionization well that captures and stores the freed antiproton for background-free detection.
Interferometric techniques for dielectric trench etch applications (2002)

In this paper, we present an in-situ interferometric technique to control the trench depth for etching various type of patterned dielectric films, including silicon oxide, low-k black diamond, and low k SILK materials. We present the data on etching oxide trench wafers with various pattern density on Si substrate, black diamond film on Si, and SILK on Si, using Applied Materials' MERIE dielectric etch chambers. A good correlation between predicted etch depth using interferometric signals and SEM depth data is presented. In addition, the issues of integrating this sensor into a dielectric etch chamber are addressed.
Nonlinear optical co-crystal of analogous polyene chromophores with tailored physical properties (2006)

A new organic nonlinear optical co-crystal based on analogous configurationally locked polyene chromophores with noncentrosymmetric packing exhibits a large macroscopic second-order nonlinearity with tailored physical properties.
Techniques for Efficient Automated Elimination of False Positives (2020)

Static analysis tools are useful to detect common programming errors. However, they generate a large number of false positives. Postprocessing of these alarms using a model checker has been proposed to automatically eliminate false positives from them. To scale up the automated false positives elimination (AFPE), several techniques, e.g., program slicing, are used. However, these techniques increase the time taken by AFPE, and the increased time is a major concern during application of AFPE to alarms generated on large systems.To reduce the time taken by AFPE, we propose two techniques. The techniques achieve the reduction by identifying and skipping redundant calls to the slicer and model checker. The first technique is based on our observation that, (a) combination of application-level slicing, verification with incremental context, and the context-level slicing helps to eliminate more false positives; (b) however, doing so can result in redundant calls to the slicer. In this technique, we use data dependencies to compute these redundant calls. The second technique is based on our observation that (a) code partitioning is commonly used by static analysis tools to analyze very large systems, and (b) applying AFPE to alarms generated on partitioned-code can result in repeated calls to both the slicer and model checker. We use memoization to identify the repeated calls and skip them.The first technique is currently under evaluation. Our initial evaluation of the second technique indicates that it reduces AFPE time by up to 56%, with median reduction of 12.15%.
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed Quantum Key Distribution Using\n Entangled Photons (2011)

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two parties to establish a secret key\nover a potentially hostile channel by exchanging photonic quantum states,\nrelying on the fact that it is impossible for an eavesdropper to tap the\nquantum channel without disturbing these photons in a way that can be detected\n[1]. Here we introduce a large-alphabet QKD protocol that makes optimal use of\ntemporal and spectral correlations of entangled photons, reaching the maximum\nnumber of inde- pendent basis states (the Schmidt number) and enabling\nextremely high information content per photon together with an optimal rate of\nsecret key generation. This protocol, which we call 'Dense Wavelength Division\nMultiplexed Quantum Key Distribution' (DWDM-QKD), derives its security by the\nconjugate nature of the temporal and spectral entanglement of photon pairs\ngenerated by spontaneous parametric down conversion. By using a combination of\nspectral and temporal bases, we can adjust the protocol to be resource\nefficient. We show that DWDM-QKD is well suited to approach the optimal key\ngeneration rate using present-day sources, detectors, and DWDM opti- cal\nnetworks from classical communications, as well as emerging optical\ninterconnect and photonic integrated chip (PIC) systems.\n
An Integrated Detection Method for Flow Viscosity Measurements in Microdevices (2020)

Point-of-care devices can analyze or characterize a sample in a short time. New technologies in medical science seek integrations of different measurement techniques for a complete analysis. This study describes the fabrication method, tests, and results of microtechnology as an approach for an integrated rheometer. The portable device measured the average flow velocity to calculate its viscosity. The whole system encompasses a microdevice integrated to a data acquisition system powered by USB and controlled by full custom software. As a result, we obtained an easy-to-handle and fabricate hand-held microrheometer. The device was tested using Newtonian fluids such as Mili-Q water, an aqueous solution of Ethylene-glycol at 40% and 25% and Non-Newtonian blood samples. The whole device can provide the non-linear viscosity of a 0.08 ml blood sample in less than 30 seconds, in a wide range of shear rate with an accuracy of 93%. More importantly, due to its detection method and simplicity, it can be enclosed within almost any fluidic microsystem, including biomedical applications.
Large-Scale Nanorods Nanomanufacturing by Electric-Field-Directed Assembly for Nanoscale Device Applications (2010)

A fast and highly scalable room-temperature nanomanufacturing process for fabricating metallic nanorods from nanoparticles for applications such as interconnects and sensors is presented. Metallic nanoparticles are precisely assembled into prefabricated vias by applying a controlled dynamic electric field between the electrodes at the bottom of the vias and a counter electrode placed far away from the vias. The nanoscale vias are fabricated employing conventional electron-beam nanolithography. The dimension of the fabricated nanorods is controlled by the size of the vias and assembly parameters such as the amplitude and frequency of the applied electric field. The mechanism of the assembly process is discussed by examining the effect of the applied voltages on the assembly process to provide a fundamental understanding for scaling down to nanoscale dimensions. This room-temperature aqueous fabrication process is environmentally friendly and can be used to make nanorods using different types of metallic particles.
Relative Learning from Web Images for Content-adaptive Enhancement (2017)

Personalized and content-adaptive image enhancement can find many applications in the age of social media and mobile computing. This paper presents a relative-learning-based approach, which, unlike previous methods, does not require matching original and enhanced images for training. This allows the use of massive online photo collections to train a ranking model for improved enhancement. We first propose a multi-level ranking model, which is learned from only relatively-labeled inputs that are automatically crawled. Then we design a novel parameter sampling scheme under this model to generate the desired enhancement parameters for a new image. For evaluation, we first verify the effectiveness and the generalization abilities of our approach, using images that have been enhanced/labeled by experts. Then we carry out subjective tests, which show that users prefer images enhanced by our approach over other existing methods.
Fisheye Lens for Image Processing Applications (2008)

We have developed a miniature fisheye lens with <TEX>$190^{\circ}$</TEX> field of view operating simultaneously in the visible and the near infrared wavelengths. The modulation transfer function characteristic for the visible wavelength is sufficient for a mega-pixel-grade image sensor. The lens also has a fair resolution in the infrared wavelength region. The calibrated <TEX>$f-{\theta}$</TEX> distortion is less than 5%, and the relative illumination is over 90%. In consequence, a sharp wide-angle image can be obtained which is uniform in brightness over the entire range of field angles. The real image heights for the visible and the near infrared wavelengths have been fitted to polynomial functions of incidence angle with sub-pixel accuracies. Combined with the near equidistance projection scheme of the lens, this lens can be advantageously employed in various image-processing applications requiring a wide-angle lens.
Content-adaptive frame level rate control for video encoding using a perceptual video quality measure (2019)

Reaching an optimal trade-off between maximal perceptual quality of reconstructed video and minimal bitrate of the compressed video stream under a maximum bitrate constraint, for a wide variety of content, is a significant challenge and one that has major cost and user-experience implications for video content providers and consumers alike. This challenge is often addressed with content adaptive encoding, and generally strives to reach the optimal bit-rate per content at clip or scene level. Our solution presented herein, goes a step further, and performs encoder adaptation at the frame level. In this paper we describe our closed loop, optimized video encoder which performs encoding to the lowest bitrate which still preserves the perceptual quality of an encode to the target bitrate. The optimization is performed on a frame-by-frame basis, guaranteeing the visual quality of the video, in a manner that minimizes additional encoder complexity, thus making the solution applicable for live or real-time encoding. We also describe our subjectively tuned, low complexity, perceptual video quality metric which is the engine driving this solution.
A Plasmonic DNAzyme Strategy for Point‐of‐Care Genetic Detection of Infectious Pathogens (2013)

Always use detection: Signal amplification from DNAzymes (see scheme) was combined with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to give a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay for various genetic targets. The assay has 50 pM sensitivity without the need for purification steps and can detect multiple targets in parallel. This was applied to rapidly detect gonorrhea, syphilis, malaria, and hepatitis B infections. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.