gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective resonant ionization of zirconium isotopes using intermediate-state alignment (1993)

High selectivity (>10) for separation of $^{91}\mathrm{Zr}$ from other Zr isotopes was observed during triple resonant ionization of Zr vapors. Linearly polarized lasers were used to prepare aligned states, from which further excitation to a presently discovered J=0 level could be suppressed for even-mass isotopes, by a suitable choice of relative laser polarization. Photoionization of the odd-mass isotope $^{91}\mathrm{Zr}$ could be retained by use of transitions with relatively strong hyperfine interactions, because of associated population redistributions in the magnetic sublevels. The dependence of the even-mass-isotope signals on relative laser polarization followed sinusoidal forms, which are in excellent agreement with predictions derived using only geometric components of the transition dipole moment. The isotopic selectivity for $^{91}\mathrm{Zr}$ can be increased by use of saturating fluences, because of the effects of saturation, population trapping in the even-mass isotopes and strong hyperfine interactions in the odd-mass isotopes. For the same reasons, biases in even:odd isotope ratio measurements cannot always be eliminated by polarization scrambling or magic angles.
Plasma derived from human umbilical cord blood: Potential cell‐additive or cell‐substitute therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases (2018)

Limited efficacy of current therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disease has led to increased interest in alternative therapies. Cord blood plasma (CBP) derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) may be a potential therapeutic. Benefits of CBP injection into rodent models of aging or ischaemic stroke have been demonstrated, though how benefits are elicited is still unclear. The present study evaluated various factors within the same samples of CBP and human adult blood plasma/sera (ABP/S). Also, autologous CBP effects vs. ABP/S or foetal bovine serum supplements on mononuclear cells from hUCB (MNC hUCB) in vitro were determined. Results showed significantly low concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and elevated chemokine IL-8 in CBP. Significantly higher levels of VEGF, G-CSF, EGF and FGF-basic growth factors were determined in CBP vs. ABP/S. Autologous CBP media supplements significantly increased MNC hUCB viability and decreased apoptotic cell activity. We are first to demonstrate the unique CBP composition of cytokines and growth factors within the same CBP samples derived from hUCB. Also, our novel finding that autologous CBP promoted MNC hUCB viability and reduced apoptotic cell death in vitro supports CBP's potential as a sole therapeutic or cell-additive agent in developing therapies for various neurodegenerative diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiherpetic Activity of (.+‐.)‐9‐((Z‐2‐(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)methyl)guanine and Related Compounds. (1989)

Abstract Cyclopropanation of acrylonitrile (I) with ethyl diazoacetate (II) gives the diastereomeric cyclopropanes (III) which are reduced, yielding the amino alcohols (IV).
Capturing AU-Aware Facial Features and Their Latent Relations for Emotion Recognition in the Wild (2015)

The Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) Challenge has been held for three years. Previous winner teams primarily focus on designing specific deep neural networks or fusing diverse hand-crafted and deep convolutional features. They all neglect to explore the significance of the latent relations among changing features resulted from facial muscle motions. In this paper, we study this recognition challenge from the perspective of analyzing the relations among expression-specific facial features in an explicit manner. Our method has three key components. First, we propose a pair-wise learning strategy to automatically seek a set of facial image patches which are important for discriminating two particular emotion categories. We found these learnt local patches are in part consistent with the locations of expression-specific Action Units (AUs), thus the features extracted from such kind of facial patches are named AU-aware facial features. Second, in each pair-wise task, we use an undirected graph structure, which takes learnt facial patches as individual vertices, to encode feature relations between any two learnt facial patches. Finally, a robust emotion representation is constructed by concatenating all task-specific graph-structured facial feature relations sequentially. Extensive experiments on the EmotiW 2015 Challenge testify the efficacy of the proposed approach. Without using additional data, our final submissions achieved competitive results on both sub-challenges including the image based static facial expression recognition (we got 55.38% recognition accuracy outperforming the baseline 39.13% with a margin of 16.25%) and the audio-video based emotion recognition (we got 53.80% recognition accuracy outperforming the baseline 39.33% and the 2014 winner team's final result 50.37% with the margins of 14.47% and 3.43%, respectively).
Cusp-to-cusp transfer gate using folded minor loop organization for ion-implanted bubble devices (1982)

Ion-implanted bubble devices using the folded minor loop organization have been developed to relax spatial restrictions on function pattern design and improve the reliability of gate conductors. A cusp-to-cusp transfer gate using this organization has been designed in which bubbles are transferred between the cusps of the propagation patterns of the major line and minor loops. A 180° inside turn has also been designed in order to realize the folded minor loop organization. Test chips incorporating 4 μm period devices with the folded minor loop organization have been fabricated and characterized for a 100 kHz triangular drive field.
Highly luminescent, fluorinated semiconducting polymer dots for cellular imaging and analysis (2013)

A highly fluorescent fluorinated semiconducting polymer dot (Pdot) with a quantum yield of up to 49% was developed. The fluorinated Pdot was eight times brighter in cell-labeling applications than its non-fluorinated counterpart, and was rod shaped rather than spherical.
C-MOS/SIS&#8212;Using selective SF<sub>6</sub>etching of {1102} sapphire (1978)

A process for selectively etching holes in {1102} sapphire using SF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> in H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is described. SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> , and combinations thereof are studied as possible etchant masks. Refilling the holes with epitaxial silicon produces an SIS (silicon-in-sapphire) wafer wherein the silicon islands are imbedded into the sapphire substrate. The electrical characteristics of C-MOS/SIS transistors are similar to those of conventionally processed SOS devices.
Parvalbumin gene transfer corrects diastolic dysfunction in diseased cardiac myocytes (1999)

Heart failure frequently involves diastolic dysfunction that is characterized by a prolonged relaxation. This prolonged relaxation is typically the result of a decreased rate of intracellular Ca(2+) sequestration. No effective treatment for this decreased Ca(2+) sequestration rate currently exists. As an approach to possibly correct diastolic dysfunction, we hypothesized that expression of the Ca(2+) binding protein parvalbumin in cardiac myocytes would lead to increased rates of Ca(2+) sequestration and mechanical relaxation. Parvalbumin, which is normally absent in cardiac tissue, is known to act as a soluble relaxing factor in fast skeletal muscle fibers by acting as a delayed Ca(2+) sink. As a test of the hypothesis, gene transfer was used to express parvalbumin in isolated adult cardiac myocytes. We report here that expression of parvalbumin dramatically increases the rate of Ca(2+) sequestration and the relaxation rate in normal cardiac myocytes. Importantly, parvalbumin fully restored the relaxation rate in diseased cardiac myocytes isolated from an animal model of human diastolic dysfunction. These findings indicate that parvalbumin gene transfer offers unique potential as a possible direct treatment for diastolic dysfunction in failing hearts.
Efficient robust AMF using the enhanced FRACTA algorithm: results from KASSPER I & II [target detection] (2004)

This paper presents further developments and results of the FRACTA algorithm which has been shown to be robust to nonhomogeneous environments containing outliers. The main focus here is upon the detection of targets in the KASSPER I challenge data cube which possesses dense clusters of targets and the highly nonhomogeneous KASSPER II data in which severe clutter is present over all ranges and Dopplers thereby hindering the identification of a dominant clutter ridge. The KASSPER II dataset is further exacerbated by dense clusters of targets as well as the presence of several deep shadow regions that not only prevent target detection but may also skew covariance matrix estimation. A doppler-dependent thresholding technique is developed which is then incorporated into the FRACTA.E framework and then applied to the KASSPER II dataset. Simulation results are compared with the standard sliding window scheme as well as when clairvoyant knowledge of the covariance matrices is employed. Results verify the improved performance of the FRACTA.E algorithm.
Formation of Metallic Glass Nanowires by Gas Atomization (2012)

Gas atomization which is a conventional technique in powder metallurgy is adapted for the formation of metallic glass nanowires. This approach is able to produce a large quantity of nanowires with diameters in the 50-2000 nm range. Experiments performed with different conditions and alloy compositions confirm that the key mechanism of the nanowire formation is the spinnability which increases exponentially when the melt stream is supercooled from the liquid state.
Configurable GPS/GNSS Antenna Module Resistant to RFI Saturation (2019)

With GPS/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers exposed to greater levels of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), a potential problem is the saturation of the receiver front end (FE). This problem is further complicated in typical multifrequency receivers by the interfrequency saturation effect. Specifically, any inband RFI targeted to induce FE saturation at only one specific GPS/GNSS frequency, if not properly handled, would potentially impact the reception of the other frequencies. This paper presents the design of an antenna module to detect, identify, and isolate potential RFI to prevent FE saturation including that due to the interfrequency effect. Analysis showed that any specific antenna module configuration with fixed internal components must sacrifice noise figure (NF) performance to increase robustness to RFI saturation, and vice versa. To provide a compact solution to this dilemma and the interfrequency saturation issue, two dynamically configurable antenna modules based on the concept of network topology were proposed for typical dual-frequency GPS/GNSS receivers. Such a solution can adapt to different RFI conditions by operating in corresponding modes resulting in a better NF versus robustness tradeoff. The proposed antenna-module design was validated by experiments with live GPS signals under controlled RFI conditions.
Effects of an Enzyme Feed Additive on Extent of Digestion and Milk Production of Lactating Dairy Cows (1999)

A study was conducted using lactating Holstein cows with ruminal and duodenal cannulas in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on site and extent of nutrient digestion. The four diets consisted of 45% concentrate, 10% barley silage, and 45% cubed alfalfa hay (dry matter basis) and differed in enzyme supplementation: 1) control cubes, 2) cubes treated with 1 g of enzyme mixture/kg of cubes, 3) cubes treated with 2 g of enzyme mixture/kg of cubes, and 4) both concentrate and cubes treated with 1 g of enzyme mixture/kg of dry matter. The enzyme supplement contained primarily cellulase and xylanase activities. Digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber in the total tract was higher for cows fed the high dosage of enzyme than for cows fed the control cubes. Ruminal digestibility of crude protein was higher, but that of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber was only numerically higher, for cows fed the high dosage of enzyme compared with that of cows fed the control cubes. Higher ruminal digestibility associated with the high dosage of enzyme resulted in more microbial protein synthesis. Milk production increased for cows fed the high dosage of enzyme compared with cows fed the control cubes and effects of the addition of enzyme on milk composition were minimal. The results demonstrated the benefits of using a fibrolytic enzyme additive to enhance feed digestion and milk production by dairy cows. The response to enzyme supplementation was affected more by amount of enzyme than by whether the enzyme was added to forage or concentrate.
Temporal resolution improvement using PICCS in MDCT cardiac imaging (2009)

The current paradigm for temporal resolution improvement is to add more source-detector units and/or increase the gantry rotation speed. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative alternative method to potentially improve temporal resolution by approximately a factor of 2 for all MDCT scanners without requiring hardware modification. The central enabling technology is a most recently developed image reconstruction method: Prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS). Using the method, cardiac CT images can be accurately reconstructed using the projection data acquired in an angular range of about 120 degrees, which is roughly 50% of the standard short-scan angular range (approximately 240 degrees for an MDCT scanner). As a result, the temporal resolution of MDCT cardiac imaging can be universally improved by approximately a factor of 2. In order to validate the proposed method, two in vivo animal experiments were conducted using a state-of-the-art 64-slice CT scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) at different gantry rotation times and different heart rates. One animal was scanned at heart rate of 83 beats per minute (bpm) using 400 ms gantry rotation time and the second animal was scanned at 94 bpm using 350 ms gantry rotation time, respectively. Cardiac coronary CT imaging can be successfully performed at high heart rates using a single-source MDCT scanner and projection data from a single heart beat with gantry rotation times of 400 and 350 ms. Using the proposed PICCS method, the temporal resolution of cardiac CT imaging can be effectively improved by approximately a factor of 2 without modifying any scanner hardware. This potentially provides a new method for single-source MDCT scanners to achieve reliable coronary CT imaging for patients at higher heart rates than the current heart rate limit of 70 bpm without using the well-known multisegment FBP reconstruction algorithm. This method also enables dual-source MDCT scanner to achieve higher temporal resolution without further hardware modifications.
TCP performance enhancements in wireless and mobile networks (2002)

We provide a whole concept on the current structure of the trends of the mechanisms towards wireless and mobile networks by analyzing and comparing the existing solutions of TCP, its lower layer protocols and upper layer protocols. We propose our classification of these schemes of the TCP and underlying protocols into two basic groups: hand-off proposals and wireless proposals and discover that the combination of best wireless scheme and best handoff method can provide very good performance. For the complexities of the coordination between the layers of the stack, we expect that all the problems of handoffs, wireless and application adaptation can be solved efficiently at the TCP layer, so developing new mechanisms at the TCP layer such as our F-TCP mechanism and integrating them with existing schemes is necessary.
Accelerated iterative image reconstruction methods based on block-circulant system matrix derived from a cylindrical image representation (2007)

Iterative image reconstruction methods based on an accurate and fully three-dimensional (3D) system probability matrix are well-known to provide images of higher quality. However, the size of the system matrix and the computation burden often make such methods impractical. To address this problem, we proposed to use a cylindrical image representation that preserves both in-plane and axial symmetries between the tubes of response for a given camera, leading to a system matrix having a block-circulant structure. For 3D image reconstruction, such a system matrix can be structured into a block-circulant matrix where blocks are themselves block-circulant. By storing only non-redundant parts of the block-circulant matrix, memory requirements can be reduced by a factor equivalent to the total number of system symmetries. The block-circulant system matrix can be stored in the Fourier domain representation to accelerate the forward and back projection steps of the iterative image reconstruction methods. When represented in the Fourier domain, the system matrix sparsity is reduced compared to the spatial domain representation, but some null values are still preserved.
Low complexity frequency domain carrier frequency offset compensation for uplink multiuser FBMC receiver (2014)

This paper proposes a low complexity frequency offset compensation method for Filter Bank MultiCarrier (FBMC) waveforms in a context of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). The Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) introduces Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) which is compensated in the frequency domain by the proposed algorithm. This method allows the factorization of the FFT computation for all the users in an uplink multiuser context. Based on the properties of FBMC modulation, a three steps method is proposed. First, a shift at the output of the FFT is realized to compensate a significant part of the CFO. A filtering followed by a phase correction is then performed to cancel the ICI. Simulations results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. A low complexity implementation based on a cascade of a small set of filters is also discussed and benchmarked.
Ultrafast Directional Beam Switching in Coupled VCSELs (2001)

We propose a new approach to performing ultrafast directional beam switching using two coupled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). The proposed strategy is demonstrated for two VCSELs of 5.6 microns in diameter placed about 1 micron apart from the edges, showing a switching speed of 42 GHz with a maximum far-field angle span of about 10 degrees.
Sensitivity and Specificity of a New Vertical Flow Rapid Diagnostic Test for the Serodiagnosis of Human Leptospirosis (2013)

This RDT might be used as a point of care diagnostic tool in limited resources countries. An evaluation in field conditions and in other epidemiological contexts should be considered to assess its validity over a wider range of serogroups or when facing different endemic pathogens. It might prove useful in endemic contexts or outbreak situations.
Simultaneous implementation of enhanced resolution and large dynamic range for fiber temperature sensing based on different optical transmission mechanisms (2018)

In this paper, a high resolution and large dynamic range fiber optic temperature sensor without measurement crosstalk has been proposed. Two combinational mechanisms of anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide and inline Mach-Zehnder interference structure are integrated in single hole twin eccentric cores fiber. The dual-effect composite spectrum is consist of several dominant resonant wavelengths and comb pattern, which are corresponding to the two above-mentioned mechanisms. Gauss fit and fast Fourier transform filtering are used for extracting the resonant wavelengths and comb spectrum, respectively. Accordingly, the temperature sensitivity of 42.18pm/°C and 2.057nm/°C are achieved by tracking the coherent decrease point. The lower sensitivity can guarantee a large dynamic range, while the higher one will contribute to the enhanced resolution. Therefore, the temperature monitoring is the combination of large dynamic range and enhanced resolution. Moreover, the size of the ultracompact sensor is only 950μm, which has a great potential for engineering applications.
The Synthesis of a New Class of Polyphthalocyanine Resins (1980)

The principal driving force behind composite development is the requirement for lighter weight structural materials. New design concepts using easily fabricated, fiber-reinforced composites that combine superior stiffness with a high strength-to-weight ratio are needed to replace metal structure. Presently, epoxies and polyimides are being used but each has disadvantages. Conventional epoxy-based composites and adhesives are limited to 120°C maximum service. Other problems associated with these polymers include their brittleness, water absorptivity and engineering reliability. In recent years considerable advances have been achieved in the synthesis of thermally stable polymers. Frequently thermal and oxidative stability in such materials has been realized by the combination of aromatic and heteroaromatic units; for example, the polybenzimidazoles (1), polybenzoxazoles (2), polybenzthiazoles (3), polyquinazolinediones (4), polyquinazolones (5), polyimides (6,7), etc. However, polar and rigid structures of high symmetry, which is inherent to the aromatic and heteroaromatic rings, are responsible for the general lack of processability of
Adhesion and Adhesion Distribution in a Model Toner System (2009)

In this work, we report the use of a micro-cantilever to measure the rolling resistance of toner particles on a silicon wafer, as a mean to model the Van Waals adhesion between a toner particle and a surface. Results show that there exists a distribution of adhesion in a given toner sample. For a batch of well-blended toner with 100% surface additive coverage, we observe relatively low adhesion with a narrow distribution of adhesion, which is in contrast to the base polymer particle where the adhesion is high and the distribution is broad. For toner with 10% surface area coverage, we observe a very broad distribution of adhesion. The adhesion ranges from high, comparable to the base polymer, to low, comparable to a toner with 100% additive coverage. The results suggest that there is a variation of adhesion on the toner surface for toner with <100% surface area coverage. When the additive covered toner surface is landed on the Si wafer, low adhesion is resulted. When the bare toner surface is landed on the Si wafer, relatively high adhesion is obtained. The use of this rolling resistance technique to determine the distribution of adhesion within a toner sample is discussed.