gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A calibration-independent laser-induced incandescence technique for soot measurement by detecting absolute light intensity (2005)

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) has proved to be a useful diagnostic tool for spatially and temporally resolved measurement of particulate (soot) volume fraction and primary particle size in a wide range of applications, such as steady flames, flickering flames, and Diesel engine exhausts. We present a novel LII technique for the determination of soot volume fraction by measuring the absolute incandescence intensity, avoiding the need for ex situ calibration that typically uses a source of particles with known soot volume fraction. The technique developed in this study further extends the capabilities of existing LII for making practical quantitative measurements of soot. The spectral sensitivity of the detection system is determined by calibrating with an extended source of known radiance, and this sensitivity is then used to interpret the measured LII signals. Although it requires knowledge of the soot temperature, either from a numerical model of soot particle heating or experimentally determined by detecting LII signals at two different wavelengths, this technique offers a calibration-independent procedure for measuring soot volume fraction. Application of this technique to soot concentration measurements is demonstrated in a laminar diffusion flame.
Autotransformer configurations to enhance utility power quality of high power AC/DC rectifier systems (1995)

In this paper new autotransformer arrangements with reduced kVA capacities are presented for harmonic current reduction and to improve AC power quality of high current DC power supplies. A twelve-pulse AC to DC rectifier is proposed employing only 0.18P/sub 0/ (pu) transformer kVA. The 5th and 7th harmonics are absent in the utility line currents. Further it is shown that conventional 12-pulse operation can be increased to 24 pulse with the introduction of tabs on the interphase reactor. Analysis and Simulation of the proposed schemes confirm the cancellation of lower order harmonics. Several example implementations of the proposed schemes for high current DC power supplies are shown. All of the above schemes provide clean power utility interface and complies with IEEE 519 recommended practices.
The design and operation of practical charge-transfer transversal filters (1976)

Some of the design considerations for charge-transfer split-electrode transversal filters are discussed. Clock frequency, filter length, and chip area are important design parameters. The relationship of these parameters to filter performance and accuracy is described. Both random and tap weight quantization errors are considered, and the optimum filter length is related to tap weight error. A parallel charge-transfer channel, which balances both capacitance and background charge, and a coupling diffusion between split electrodes greatly improves accuracy. A one-phase clock is used to simplify the readout circuitry. Two off-chip readout circuits are described, and the performance of two low-pass filters using these readout circuits is given. Signal to noise ratios of 90 dB/kHz and an overall linearity of 60 dB have been achieved with this readout circuitry.
A conduit to metastasis: circulating tumor cell biology (2017)

Advances in the enrichment and analysis of rare cells from the bloodstream have allowed for detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with cancer. The analysis of CTCs has provided significant insight into the metastatic process. Studies on the biology of CTCs have begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CTC generation, intravasation, survival, interactions with components of the blood, extravasation, and colonization of distant organs. Additionally, the study of CTCs has exposed dramatic intrapatient and interpatient heterogeneity and their evolution over time. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of CTC biology and the potential clinical implications.
Identification of the major pregnancy-specific antigens of cattle and sheep as inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. (1991)

Pregnancy in cattle and sheep can be diagnosed by the presence of a conceptus-derived antigen in maternal serum that is secreted by trophoblast and placental tissue primarily as an acidic component of Mr 67,000. Molecular cloning of its cDNA reveals that the antigen belongs to the aspartic proteinase family and has greater than 50% amino acid sequence identity to pepsin, cathepsin D, and cathepsin E. The inferred sequences of the ovine and bovine polypeptides show approximately 73% identity to each other. Critical amino acid substitutions at the active site regions suggest that both proteins are enzymatically inactive. The antigen is a product of trophoblast binucleate cells that invade maternal endometrium at implantation sites.
Anti-Invasive Adjuvant Therapy with Imipramine Blue Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy Against Glioma (2012)

The invasive nature of glioblastoma (GBM) represents a major clinical challenge contributing to poor outcomes. Invasion of GBM into healthy tissue restricts chemotherapeutic access and complicates surgical resection. Here, we test the hypothesis that an effective anti-invasive agent can "contain" GBM and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. We report a new anti-invasive small molecule, Imipramine Blue (IB), which inhibits invasion of glioma in vitro when tested against several models. IB inhibits NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species generation and alters expression of actin regulatory elements. In vivo, liposomal IB (nano-IB) halts invasion of glioma, leading to a more compact tumor in an aggressively invasive RT2 syngeneic astrocytoma rodent model. When nano-IB therapy was followed by liposomal doxorubicin (nano-DXR) chemotherapy, the combination therapy prolonged survival compared to nano-IB or nano-DXR alone. Our data demonstrate that nano-IB-mediated containment of diffuse glioma enhanced the efficacy of nano-DXR chemotherapy, demonstrating the promise of an anti-invasive compound as an adjuvant treatment for glioma.
Energy-efficient on-demand reprogramming of large-scale sensor networks (2008)

As sensor networks operate over long periods of deployment in difficult to reach places, their requirements may change or new code may need to be uploaded to them. The current state-of-the-art protocols (Deluge and MNP) for network reprogramming perform the code dissemination in a multihop manner using a three-way handshake where metadata is exchanged prior to code exchange to suppress redundant transmissions. The code image is also pipelined through the network at the granularity of pages. In this article we propose a protocol called Freshet for optimizing the energy for code upload and speeding up the dissemination if multiple sources of code are available. The energy optimization is achieved by equipping each node with limited nonlocal topology information which it uses to determine the time when it can go to sleep since code is not being distributed in its vicinity. The protocol to handle multiple sources provides a loose coupling of nodes to a source and disseminates code in waves each originating at a source with a mechanism to handle collisions when the waves meet. The protocol's performance with respect to reliability, delay, and energy consumed is demonstrated through analysis, simulation, and implementation on the Berkeley mote platform.
State Limiter for Model Following Control Systems (2011)

This paper presents state-limiting augmentation applied to a baseline dynamic inversion control design. While the baseline dynamic inversion control law is designed to meet robustness and performance requirements throughout a flight envelope, the state-limiting component protects the system trajectories from leaving an allowable subset in the system state space. The proposed design is applied to the X-48B blended-wing-body (BWB) aircraft in both the longitudinal and lateral/directional axes, with simulation results included.
All-optical routing of single photons by a one-atom switch controlled by a single photon (2014)

The prospect of quantum networks, in which quantum information is carried by single photons in photonic circuits, has long been the driving force behind the effort to achieve all-optical routing of single photons. We realized a single-photon-activated switch capable of routing a photon from any of its two inputs to any of its two outputs. Our device is based on a single atom coupled to a fiber-coupled, chip-based microresonator. A single reflected control photon toggles the switch from high reflection (R ~ 65%) to high transmission (T ~ 90%), with an average of ~1.5 control photons per switching event (~3, including linear losses). No additional control fields are required. The control and target photons are both in-fiber and practically identical, making this scheme compatible with scalable architectures for quantum information processing.
Mulitwatt all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) (2003)

The demonstration and characterization of a multi-watt All Gas-phase Iodine Laser (AGIL) are described. A 20-cm subsonic reactor was used to produce NCl(a<sup>1</sup>Δ) for a series of parametric studies of the I*(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>1/2</sub>)-I(<sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub>) small signal gain and extracted power dependence on reactant flow rates and reaction time. The highest measured gain was 2.5x10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> and the highest power observed was 18 W.
<title>Transform domain communication system as an ultra-wideband radar</title> (2005)

Traditionally, ultra-wideband radars increase bandwidth by using shorter pulses. However, by decreasing the pulse width, the power on target decreases and radar detection probabilities decrease. Therefore, new approaches to increase bandwidth are needed that still have adequate power on target. One radical new approach is to use a Transform Domain Communication System (TDCS) as an ultra-wideband radar. The primary advantage of this technique is that it has properties similar to Gaussian noise meaning that the radar would improve bandwidth similar to pseudo-noise (PN) sequences. Also, based on the number of carriers used to generate the TDCS code, multiple pulses can be made mutually orthogonal. This orthogonality can be exploited to effectively increase the maximum unambiguous range for pulse-Doppler radars up to the range of the horizon. In essence, TDCS radar possesses a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for velocity estimation and large unambiguous range.
Field Shift Moire, A New Technique For Absolute Range Measurement (1989)

A new and novel technique is discussed that provides non-contact high resolution absolute measurements with moire interferometry. Field shift moire provides both a course absolute measurement and a high resolution relative measurement similar to a vernier caliper. Combining these measurements yields absolute high-resolution range information.
A vacuum flash–assisted solution process for high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells (2016)

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently attract enormous research interest because of their high solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication costs, but their practical development is hampered by difficulties in achieving high performance with large-size devices. We devised a simple vacuum flash-assisted solution processing method to obtain shiny, smooth, crystalline perovskite films of high electronic quality over large areas. This enabled us to fabricate solar cells with an aperture area exceeding 1 square centimeter, a maximum efficiency of 20.5%, and a certified PCE of 19.6%. By contrast, the best certified PCE to date is 15.6% for PSCs of similar size. We demonstrate that the reproducibility of the method is excellent and that the cells show virtually no hysteresis. Our approach enables the realization of highly efficient large-area PSCs for practical deployment.
Making A D-Latch Sensitive To Alpha Particles (1994)

Standard complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) D-latch integrated circuit modified to increase susceptibility to single-event upsets (SEU's) (changes in logic state) caused by impacts of energetic alpha particles. Suitable for use in relatively inexpensive bench-scale SEU tests of itself and of related integrated circuits like static random-access memories.
A NONLETHAL CONDITIONING APPROACH TO ACHIEVE ENGRAFTMENT OF XENOGENEIC RAT BONE MARROW IN MICE AND TO INDUCE DONOR-SPECIFIC TOLERANCE1 (1998)

The induction of bone marrow chimerism and donor-specific tolerance after nonlethal conditioning might be useful to prevent the vigorous cellular and humoral rejection response to xenografts.
miRNAs as serum biomarkers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2011)

Dystrophin absence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes severe muscle degeneration. We describe that, as consequence of fibre damage, specific muscle-miRNAs are released in to the bloodstream of DMD patients and their levels correlate with the severity of the disease. The same miRNAs are abundant also in the blood of mdx mice and recover to wild-type levels in animals 'cured' through exon skipping. Even though creatine kinase (CK) blood levels have been utilized as diagnostic markers of several neuromuscular diseases, including DMD, we demonstrate that they correlate less well with the disease severity. Although the analysis of a larger number of patients should allow to obtain more refined correlations with the different stages of disease progression, we propose that miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206 are new and valuable biomarkers for the diagnosis of DMD and possibly also for monitoring the outcomes of therapeutic interventions in humans. Despite many different DMD therapeutic approaches are now entering clinical trials, a unifying method for assessing the benefit of different treatments is still lacking.
Integrated immunoisolation and protein analysis of circulating exosomes using microfluidic technology (2014)

Developing blood-based tests is appealing for non-invasive disease diagnosis, especially when biopsy is difficult, costly, and sometimes not even an option. Tumor-derived exosomes have attracted increasing interest in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. However, the biology and clinical value of exosomes remains largely unknown due in part to current technical challenges in rapid isolation, molecular classification and comprehensive analysis of exosomes. Here we developed a new microfluidic approach to streamline and expedite the exosome analysis pipeline by integrating specific immunoisolation and targeted protein analysis of circulating exosomes. Compared to the conventional methods, our approach enables selective subpopulation isolation and quantitative detection of surface and intravesicular biomarkers directly from a minimally invasive amount of plasma samples (30 μL) within ~100 min with markedly improved detection sensitivity. Using this device, we demonstrated phenotyping of exosome subpopulations by targeting a panel of common exosomal and tumor-specific markers and multiparameter analyses of intravesicular biomarkers in the selected subpopulation. We were able to assess the total expression and phosphorylation levels of IGF-1R in non-small-cell lung cancer patients by probing plasma exosomes as a non-invasive alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. We foresee that the microfluidic exosome analysis platform will form the basis for critically needed infrastructures for advancing the biology and clinical utilization of exosomes.
Cleaning and Chemical Treatment of Flax Fibre for Development of Biocomposite (2012)

The use of flax fibre as a reinforcement material in molded resin products presents a great opportunity for value-added product creation, the development of sustainable materials, and improvement on current material performance. Potential applications include automotive body paneling and consumer plastics. For flax fibre to compete economically with other materials, it must be possible to clean large volumes and ensure that any chemical treatments used are environmentally friendly.
Single-image vignetting correction using radial gradient symmetry (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel single-image vignetting method based on the symmetric distribution of the radial gradient (RG). The radial gradient is the image gradient along the radial direction with respect to the image center. We show that the RG distribution for natural images without vignetting is generally symmetric. However, this distribution is skewed by vignetting. We develop two variants of this technique, both of which remove vignetting by minimizing asymmetry of the RG distribution. Compared with prior approaches to single-image vignetting correction, our method does not require segmentation and the results are generally better. Experiments show our technique works for a wide range of images and it achieves a speed-up of 4’5 times compared with a state-of-the-art method.
The role of an anaerobic accelerator in dental adhesives (1996)

Abstract A dental adhesive system was developed to yield a high bond strength to different substrates, enhanced durability, biocompatibility, and absence of interfacial microleakage. Such a system can be cured chemically (self-curing) or by visible light. Based on the assumption of an anaerobic character of the system's polymerization, the effect of the addition of an anaerobic accelerator (saccharin) on the curing mechanism was studied. Subsequently, the composition of the developed adhesive system and its curing conditions were evaluated and optimized. The developed adhesive compositions demonstrate high and durable bonding to dentin, enamel, porcelain, base and precious alloys, and amalgam, and can be used in different adhesive systems. Keywords: Dental adhesiveacrylicanaerobic accelerator
Free‐breathing cine DENSE MRI using phase cycling with matchmaking and stimulated‐echo image‐based navigators (2018)

For free-breathing cine DENSE, the proposed method addresses both types of breathing-induced artifacts and provides better quality images than conventional dNAV and iNAV methods.
Direct white light emission from a rare-earth-free aluminium–boron–carbon–oxynitride phosphor (2014)

A novel direct white light emitting phosphor material was prepared from rare-earth free precursor solution.
<title>Real Time Optical Computation Of The Ambiguity Function</title> (1980)

Real time optical computing of the two dimensional ambiguity function based on the use of one dimensional Bragg cells as input transducers and the use of unique coherent optical systems as the computing architectures will be presented. Two techniques using optical spatial integration have been invented and demonstrated to be suitable for ambiguity processing. Their key feature lies in the utilization of optics to transform the two one dimensional spatial functions into the associated two dimensional ambiguity function.
Optimal decoding for data acquisition applications of sigma delta modulators (1993)

A class of optimal nonlinear decoding algorithms is proposed for data acquisition applications of sigma-delta ( Sigma Delta ) modulators. The technique is applicable to all current Sigma Delta structures, including single and double-loop, cascade, and interpolative modulators. While the performance of the technique is identical to that of other optimal nonlinear decoding schemes such as table lookup, it is considerably simpler to implement. Numerical results are presented to compare its performance to that of linear decoders. Effects of circuit imperfections on performance are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Erect wheel-legged stair climbing robot for indoor service applications (2013)

In this paper, an automatic erect stair climbing mobile robot is developed for indoor service applications. The design of high center of mass, tilt axis near ground, and the triangular wheel-legged structure enable the robot to climb stairs in a dynamic and self-balancing way. The wheel-legged mechanism also keeps the advantages of differential-wheeled mobile platforms when moving on flat ground, such as easy to control, saving power, and zero turning radius. Moreover, the overall mechanical design fits the requirements for a service robot to have proper height and small footprint, which can make human-robot interaction more natural and comfortable in indoor environment. Since the perceptual and control system of the robot are both well integrated, we successfully demonstrate the stair-climbing function and prove that the design and implementation of our work are feasible and efficient. As a result, the robot is expected to be a prototype of universal platform for indoor mobile service robots in the future.
Coding and intermediate view synthesis of multiview video plus depth (2009)

For advanced 3D Video (3DV) applications, efficient data representations are investigated, which only transmit a subset of the views that are required for 3D visualization. From this subset, all intermediate views are synthesized from sample-dense color and depth data. In this paper, the method for reliability-based view synthesis from compressed multi-view + depth data (MVD) is investigated and corresponding results are shown. The initial problem in such 3DV systems is the interdependency between view capturing, coding and view synthesis. For evaluating each component separately, we first generate results from the coding stage only, where color and depth coding is carried out separately. In the next step, we add the view synthesis stage with reliability-based view synthesis and show, how the separate coding results influence the view synthesis quality and what type of artifacts are produced. Efficient bit rate distribution between color and depth is investigated by objective as well as subjective evaluations. Furthermore, quality characteristics across the viewing range for different bit rate distributions are analyzed. Finally, the robustness of the reliability-based view synthesis to coding artifacts is presented.
Identification of the acyltransferase that octanoylates ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating peptide hormone (2008)

Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid, appetite-stimulating peptide hormone secreted by the food-deprived stomach. Serine-3 of ghrelin is acylated with an eight-carbon fatty acid, octanoate, which is required for its endocrine actions. Here, we identify GOAT (Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase), a polytopic membrane-bound enzyme that attaches octanoate to serine-3 of ghrelin. Analysis of the mouse genome revealed that GOAT belongs to a family of 16 hydrophobic membrane-bound acyltransferases that includes Porcupine, which attaches long-chain fatty acids to Wnt proteins. GOAT is the only member of this family that octanoylates ghrelin when coexpressed in cultured endocrine cell lines with prepro-ghrelin. GOAT activity requires catalytic asparagine and histidine residues that are conserved in this family. Consistent with its function, GOAT mRNA is largely restricted to stomach and intestine, the major ghrelin-secreting tissues. Identification of GOAT will facilitate the search for inhibitors that reduce appetite and diminish obesity in humans.