gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice on plaque formation and gingivitis: a 7-month clinical study. (1990)

A total of 108 adult male and female subjects completed a 7-month, double-blind clinical study designed to compare the effect of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and 2% of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid on plaque formation and gingivitis, as compared to a placebo dentifrice. The subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to baseline plaque and baseline gingivitis scores. They then received an oral prophylaxis and were assigned to the use of either a placebo dentifrice or the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice for the next 7 months. After this time, the dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer provided a 58.96% statistically significant (99% level of confidence) reduction in plaque [corrected], as compared to the placebo dentifrice. Further, after 7-months' use, the dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer also provided a 30.17% statistically significant (99% level of confidence) reduction in gingivitis as compared to the placebo dentifrice. The results after 7 months also indicated that the dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer provided a 97.74% statistically significant (99% level of confidence) reduction in the supragingival plaque deposits on those tooth surfaces with the greatest amount of plaque formation, when compared to the placebo dentifrice. The dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer also provided 87.56% less sites with the most severe amount of gingival disease, as compared to the placebo dentifrice. This decrease in diseased gingival sites was statistically significant at the 99% level of confidence. It was concluded that the twice daily use of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and 2% of a copolymer reduces supragingival plaque deposit formation and gingivitis to a highly significant degree, without any extrinsic stains observed.
Interleukin 6 acts as a paracrine growth factor in human mammary carcinoma cell lines. (1996)

The effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) on normal and human mammary carcinoma epithelial cells was studied. IL-6 inhibited the growth of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] breast cancer cell lines, which underwent apoptosis with prolonged treatment. In contrast, ER(-) breast cancer cell lines were resistant to IL-6-mediated growth inhibition. By examining the components of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) system, we found that ER(+) breast cancer cells expressed predominantly soluble IL-6Ralpha, whereas the ER(-) breast cancer cells expressed primarily the transmembrane form of the IL-6R, gp130. In addition, detectable levels of IL-6 were secreted into the medium by ER(-) but not ER(+) breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the supernatant obtained from IL-6-secreting, ER(-) cells suppressed the growth of IL-6-sensitive, ER(+) breast cancer cells in a paracrine fashion. Although IL-6 is secreted by ER(-) breast cancer cells, this cytokine does not seem to stimulate the proliferation of these cells in an autocrine fashion. These studies indicate that IL-6 can regulate the growth of normal and transformed human mammary epithelial cells differentially, and that IL-6 secretion by some ER(-) breast cancer cells can function as a paracrine growth factor, suppressing the growth of ER(+) breast cancer cells in vitro.
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) is required for degranulation of human eosinophils induced by human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and platelet-activating factor. (1994)

Recent evidence suggests adhesion molecules play an important role in the function of leukocytes. Because human eosinophils are known to express beta 2 integrins, we hypothesized that these adhesion molecules mediate the effector function of eosinophils. Normal human eosinophils incubated in albumin-coated polystyrene plates released granule protein and produced superoxide anion when stimulated with human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rGM-CSF), platelet-activating factor (PAF), or PMA. Simultaneous monitoring of eosinophil adhesion and degranulation showed that degranulation was always preceded by cellular adhesion regardless of stimuli. Furthermore, eosinophil degranulation induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF was abolished in suspension culture of the cells when the cell suspensions were gently stirred. To identify the molecules involved in this adhesion-dependent degranulation, we have investigated the effects of mAbs (mAb) against beta 2 integrins. mAb reactive with CD18 markedly inhibited the eosinophil adhesion and degranulation induced by PAF and human rGM-CSF. mAb reactive with CD11b also moderately inhibited the adhesion and degranulation. In contrast, mAb reactive with CD11a slightly enhanced or showed no effect on the adhesion and degranulation by human rGM-CSF or PAF. Superoxide production induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF was also abolished by the treatment of cells with anti-CD18 mAb. mAb against CD11b and CD18 had little effect on degranulation and superoxide production induced by PMA. These results indicate that CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)-dependent cellular adhesion plays an important role in the degranulation and superoxide production of eosinophils induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF, and that these mechanisms may be employed in vivo where eosinophils contact with stromal cells and/or proteins.
Negligence and the Liability of Public Authorities (1998)

This is a revised version ofthe third WA Wilson Memorial Lecture, delivered in the New Senate Hall ofthe University of Edinburgh on 8 May 1997. Traditionally the liability ofpublic authorities has been treated as a matter ofprivate law. The difficulty experienced by the courts in formulating viable principles governing liability for a negligent omission to exercise a power intended to be exercisedfor the protection of the public has led to an increased emphasis on the statutoryframework. This emphasis has resulted in a reluctance to uphold liability in cases where an authority is exercising discretionary power, culminating in the recent decision of the House of Lords in Stovin v Wise. This article examines Stovin v Wise in the light of earlier decisions, and suggests that the decision protects the public authority rather than the public in circumstances where there is much to be saidfor the view that, notwithstanding the public law distinction between a power and a duty, a public authority may be liable for an omission to take action to protect the public.
A Low-Noise <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$RC$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Based Phase Interpolator in 16-nm CMOS (2018)

This brief describes a passive analog phase interpolator, utilizing a switched RC-network. The proposed circuit eliminates the current sources in a phase interpolator based on constant-slope charging. By eliminating the current source, the noise is significantly reduced due to the reduction in thermal and flicker noise. The phase interpolator has a resolution of 6 bits and is implemented in a 16-nm CMOS process. The maximum differential non-linearity is measured to be 0.1 LSBs at a 192-ps input time delta. The circuit draws 0.2 mW from a 0.8-V supply, and occupies 0.004 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Pt–Cu Bimetallic Alloy Nanoparticles Supported on Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>: Highly Active Catalysts for Aerobic Oxidation Driven by Visible Light (2013)

Visible light irradiation (λ > 450 nm) of Pt-Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles (~3-5 nm) supported on anatase TiO2 efficiently promotes aerobic oxidation. This is facilicated via the interband excitation of Pt atoms by visible light followed by the transfer of activated electrons to the anatase conduction band. The positive charges formed on the nanoparticles oxidize substrates, and the conduction band electrons reduce molecular oxygen, promoting photocatalytic cycles. The apparent quantum yield for the reaction on the Pt-Cu alloy catalyst is ~17% under irradiation of 550 nm monochromatic light, which is much higher than that obtained on the monometallic Pt catalyst (~7%). Cu alloying with Pt decreases the work function of nanoparticles and decreases the height of the Schottky barrier created at the nanoparticle/anatase heterojunction. This promotes efficient electron transfer from the photoactivated nanoparticles to anatase, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activity. The Pt-Cu alloy catalyst is successfully activated by sunlight and enables efficient and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols at ambient temperature.
Pharmacologic and Clinical Considerations of Nalmefene, a Long Duration Opioid Antagonist, in Opioid Overdose (2021)

Opioid use disorder is a well-established and growing problem in the United States. It is responsible for both psychosocial and physical damage to the affected individuals with a significant mortality rate. Given both the medical and non-medical consequences of this epidemic, it is important to understand the current treatments and approaches to opioid use disorder and acute opioid overdose. Naloxone is a competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used for the reversal of opioid intoxication. When given intravenously, naloxone has an onset of action of approximately 2 min with a duration of action of 60–90 min. Related to its empirical dosing and short duration of action, frequent monitoring of the patient is required so that the effects of opioid toxicity, namely respiratory depression, do not return to wreak havoc. Nalmefene is a pure opioid antagonist structurally similar to naltrexone that can serve as an alternative antidote for reversing respiratory depression associated with acute opioid overdose. Nalmefene is also known as 6-methylene naltrexone. Its main features of interest are its prolonged duration of action that surpasses most opioids and its ability to serve as an antidote for acute opioid overdose. This can be pivotal in reducing healthcare costs, increasing patient satisfaction, and redistributing the time that healthcare staff spend monitoring opioid overdose patients given naloxone.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çevre Okuryazarlığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Beypazarı Meslek Yüksekokulu Örneği (2018)

Çevre sorunlarıyla mücadelede bireylerin çevre sorunlarına yönelik tutumları ve çevre okuryazarlık düzeyleri önemli bir göstergedir. Bu araştırma, Ankara Üniversitesi Beypazarı Meslek Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin çevre sorunlarına yönelik görüşlerini ve çevre okuryazarlık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin çevre okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde “yetişkinler için çevre okuryazarlığı” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin çevre okuryazarlığı düzeylerini etkileyen değişkenlerin belirlenmesinde “bağımsız gruplar t testi” ve “tek yönlü varyans analizi” kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, öğrencilerin çevre okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğrencilerin çevre okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin ise çevre eğitimine, yurtdışı deneyimine, cinsiyete ve okudukları programlara göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
A scaled 1.8 V, 0.18 μm gate length CMOS technology: device design and reliability considerations (2002)

Device design improvements for scaling to a high performance 1.8 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m gate length CMOS technology are presented. nMOS with nominal I/sub drive/(I/sub drive//sup nom/)=55 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m drive (with t/sub ox//sup acc/=43 /spl Aring/, t/sub ox//sup inv/=49 /spl Aring/ from C-V at V/sub gb/=-4, +2.5V), R/sub sd/<280 /spl Omega/-/spl mu/m, L/sub g//sup min/ (minimum gate length at I/sub off/=1 nA//spl mu/m)=0.16 /spl mu/m, and hot carrier lifetime /spl Gt/10 years is achieved. Increased As HDD dose, pocket implant, and RTA HDD anneal are required for simultaneous high I/sub drive//sup nom/, high carrier velocity vs. DIBL, and L/sub g//sup min/=0.16 /spl mu/m. pMOS with L/sub g//sup min/=0.16 /spl mu/m and with I/sub drive//sup nom/=220 /spl mu//spl alpha///spl mu/m is achieved. BF/sub 2/ HDD plus RTA HDD anneal prior to sidewall deposition to eliminate interstitial enhanced B tail diffusion are utilized to form more abrupt pMOS HDD junctions. Super-steep retrograde (SSR) As channel profile reduces SCE and increases v/sub eff/ (and I/sub drive/) vs. DIBL, but decreases v/sub eff/ (and I/sub drive/) vs. I/sub off/, compared to a non-SSR profile. pMOS (I/sub drive//sup nom/)=220 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m (with non-SSR profile) and nMOS I/sub drive//sup nom/)=550 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m result in a 30% improvement in speed for the 1.8 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m technology compared to a prior 2.5 V, 0.25 /spl mu/m technology.
Steroidal Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression (2007)

Sex steroid hormones and their antagonists have well-defined mitogenic and growth-inhibitory effects on target cells including cancer cells. These effects are mediated by cell cycle phase-specific actions, implying that steroids control rates of cell cycle progression by regulating the expression of key cell cycle regulatory genes. An emerging model of cell cycle control involves transcriptional induction of cyclin genes and consequent activation of cyclin-dependent kinases, which initiate cellular events necessary to complete checkpoints within the cell cycle. Our recent studies have focused on the roles of G1 cyclins, particularly cyclin D1, in the control of cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cells. These studies show that cyclin D1 induction is an early response to mitogenic stimulation by oestrogens and progestins, is rate-limiting for G1 progression and is sufficient for completion of the cell cycle in cells arrested in early G1 phase by serum deprivation. Furthermore, inhibition of cyclin D1 expression is an early response to growth-inhibitory anti-oestrogens. These results suggest that cyclin D1 is a target for regulation of cell cycle progression by sex steroids and their antagonists.
Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Part Count Reduction: A Lifecycle Perspective (2018)

Part count reduction (PCR) is one of the typical motivations for using additive manufacturing (AM) processes. However, the implications and trade-offs of employing AM for PCR are not well understood. The deficits are mainly reflected in two aspects: (1) lifecycle-effect analysis of PCR is rare and scattered; (2) current PCR rules lack full consideration of AM capabilities and constraints. To fill these gaps, this paper first summarizes the main effect of general PCR (G-PCR) on lifecycle activities to make designers aware of potential benefits and risks and discusses in a point-to-point fashion the new opportunities and challenges presented by AM-enabled PCR (AM-PCR). Second, a new set of design rules and principles are proposed to support potential candidate detection for AM-PCR. Third, a dual-level screening and refinement design framework is presented aiming at finding the optimal combination of AM-PCR candidates. In this framework, the first level down-samples combinatory space based on the proposed new rules while the second one exhausts and refines each feasible solution via design optimization. A case study of a motorcycle steering assembly is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design rules and framework. In the end, possible challenges and limitations of the presented design framework are discussed.
Anti-Mesothelin CAR T cell therapy for malignant mesothelioma (2021)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a treatment-resistant tumor originating in the mesothelial lining of the pleura or the abdominal cavity with very limited treatment options. More effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to improve the poor prognosis of MM patients. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a novel potential treatment for this incurable solid tumor. The tumor-associated antigen mesothelin (MSLN) is an attractive target for cell therapy in MM, as this antigen is expressed at high levels in the diseased pleura or peritoneum in the majority of MM patients and not (or very modestly) present in healthy tissues. Clinical trials using anti-MSLN CAR T cells in MM have shown that this potential therapeutic is relatively safe. However, efficacy remains modest, likely due to the MM tumor microenvironment (TME), which creates strong immunosuppressive conditions and thus reduces anti-MSLN CAR T cell tumor infiltration, efficacy and persistence. Various approaches to overcome these challenges are reviewed here. They include local (intratumoral) delivery of anti-MSLN CAR T cells, improved CAR design and co-stimulation, and measures to avoid T cell exhaustion. Combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors as well as oncolytic viruses are also discussed. Preclinical studies have confirmed that increased efficacy of anti-MSLN CAR T cells is within reach and offer hope that this form of cellular immunotherapy may soon improve the prognosis of MM patients.
Modeling the dielectric response of incipient ferroelectrics (1997)

Interest in incipient ferroelectrics has been renewed due to their promise for applications at cryogenic temperatures. The dependence of the dielectric constant of an incipient ferroelectric on temperature and the applied biasing field can be modeled correctly by solution of the Ginsburg–Devonshire equation. A set of simple and correct formulas is derived to provide simulation of the dielectric constant of an incipient ferroelectric as a function of temperature and the biasing field. As a typical representative of this, SrTiO3 is used. The inhomogeniety of the composition or/and structure of the material is quantitatively described by a specially introduced coefficient. The correlation effect is used to describe the size effect for a thin film capacitor. The boundary conditions for a ferroelectric polarization on the surface of electrodes are considered. The boundary conditions are specified for the interface between the ferroelectric and the metal or the high temperature superconductor. Comparison of the simulated and experimental data for both the bulk sample and for the thin film capacitor shows good numerical agreement. The model is intended to be used for developing the computer aided design of microwave components and devices based on ferroelectric films.
Perfect blind restoration of images blurred by multiple filters: theory and efficient algorithms (1999)

We address the problem of restoring an image from its noisy convolutions with two or more unknown finite impulse response (FIR) filters. We develop theoretical results about the existence and uniqueness of solutions, and show that under some generically true assumptions, both the filters and the image can be determined exactly in the absence of noise, and stably estimated in its presence. We present efficient algorithms to estimate the blur functions and their sizes. These algorithms are of two types, subspace-based and likelihood-based, and are extensions of techniques proposed for the solution of the multichannel blind deconvolution problem in one dimension. We present memory and computation-efficient techniques to handle the very large matrices arising in the two-dimensional (2-D) case. Once the blur functions are determined, they are used in a multichannel deconvolution step to reconstruct the unknown image. The theoretical and practical implications of edge effects, and "weakly exciting" images are examined. Finally, the algorithms are demonstrated on synthetic and real data.
Three-Step Access to the Tricyclic Benzo[<i>a</i>]quinolizine Ring System (1998)

Access to the tricyclic benzo[a]quinolizine ring system, which forms the characteristic framework of alkaloids of the berberine and emetine type, is readily obtained by a three-step reaction sequence. This sequence includes the formation of a Schiff base, derived from a 2-bromo-substituted phenylethylamine, and its tandem Mannich/conjugate addition reaction with an electron-rich silyloxy diene forming an intermediate enaminone, which subsequently undergoes a Heck-type cyclization. Highest yields of the tandem Mannich/conjugate addition for aromatic Schiff bases and formaldehyde imines are observed in the presence of ZnCl2 in THF, whereas aromatic imines give the best results in the presence of EtAlCl2 in CH2Cl2. The best results for the Heck-type cyclizations are obtained either under heterogeneous conditions in the presence of K2CO3/NEt4Cl at 120 °C in DMF or in refluxing toluene or under homogeneous conditions at 100 °C in DMF in the presence of NEt(i-Pr)2. Depending on the substitution pattern of the diene and the steric demand of the base employed in the Heck cyclization, benzo[a]quinolizines carrying a double bond in the 11b,1- or 3,4-position or in an exocyclic position are obtained with fair to good results. A mechanistic rationale for this behavior is proposed. If chiral amines, e.g., derived from an amino acid ester, are employed in the three-step reaction sequence, chiral tricyclic benzo[a]quinolizines become accessible in a straightforward manner.
Synthesis through the interconversion of methoxyboranes and boron hydrides. 9-BBN systems (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis through the interconversion of methoxyboranes and boron hydrides. 9-BBN systemsJohn A. Soderquist and Alvin NegronCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 15, 3441–3442Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00391a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00391a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts