gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angular Diameter Distances in Clumpy Friedmann Universes (1998)

Solving null-geodesic equations, behavior of angular diameter distances is studied in inhomogeneous cosmological models, which are given by performing N-body simulations with the CDM spectrum. The distances depend on the separation angle θ of ray pairs, the mass m and the radius rs of particles consisting of galaxies and dark matter balls, and cosmological model parameters. The calculated distances are compared with the Dyer-Roeder angular diameter distance with the clumpiness parameter α (= 0 − 1), and for each ray pair the corresponding α is determined. Shooting many ray pairs, we derive statistical quantities such as the average value (α), the dispersion (σα), and the distribution of α. It is found in four cosmological models with (Ω0, λ0)=(1, 0), (0.2, 0), (0.4, 0), (0.2,0.8) for the particle parameters m ≃2 ×1011 M⊙ and rs = (10 − 40)h−1 kpc that (1) α is nearly equal to 1 or the Friedmann distance is best fitted, (2) σα decreases with the increase of the redshift z and radius rs, (3) for θ≫1 arcsec,σα is very small, but for θ< 1 arcsec it is so large that the use of only the the Friedmann distance (α= 1) may cause some errors for quantitative analysis of cosmological lensing, (4) the distribution of α is symmetric and asymmetric for σα< 0.5 and > 0.8, respectively, and (5) σα is smallest and largest in models with (1, 0) and (0.2, 0), respectively. The cosmological constant has the role of decreasing σα.
Limited <i>In Vivo</i> Production of Type I or Type III Interferon After Infection of Macaques with Vaccine or Wild-Type Strains of Measles Virus (2014)

The innate immune response to viral infections often includes induction of types I and III interferons (IFNs) and production of antiviral proteins. Measles is a severe virus-induced rash disease, but in vitro studies suggest that in the absence of defective interfering RNAs, neither wild-type (WT) nor vaccine strains of measles virus (MeV) induce IFN. To determine whether IFN is produced in vivo, we studied tissues from macaques infected with vaccine or WT strains of MeV using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to assess levels of IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) mRNAs and a flow cytometry-based bioassay to assess levels of biologically active IFN. There was little to no induction of type I IFN, type III IFN, Mx, or ISG56 mRNAs in monkeys infected with vaccine or WT MeV and no IFN detection by bioassay. Therefore, the innate responses to infection with vaccine or WT strains of MeV are not dependent on IFN production.
Long persistence of doxorubicin in human skin after extravasation. (1984)

Extravasation of doxorubicin (DXR) from a dorsal hand vein is described. At 28 days following this event, high dermal concentrations of DXR were still present, not only at the injection site (1.7 X 10(-6) M X g-1) but also at a distance of 5 cm (0.4 X 10(-6) m X g-1. This long persistence of DXR in the skin necessitates ample excision of the skin following severe extravasation of the drug.
Development of a wearable CMOS-based contact imaging system for real-time skin condition diagnosis (2017)

Skin condition diagnosis is a critical issue in a great number of pathologies. We have developed a CMOS-based instrument for the measurement of skin properties in contact with tissue from spatially resolved diffuse reflectance imaging.
Detecting faults in four symmetric key block ciphers (2004)

Fault detection in encryption algorithms is gaining in importance since fault attacks may compromise even recently developed cryptosystems. In this work, we analyze the different operations used by various symmetric ciphers and propose possible detection codes and frequency of checking. Several examples (i.e., AES, RC5, DES and IDEA) are presented to illustrate our analysis.
Fabry Disease – Underestimated in the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis? (2013)

There are several anamnestic and clinical hints indicating when Fabry disease should be considered a relevant differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, e.g. female patients with asymmetric, confluent white matter lesions on MRI, normal spinal MR imaging, ectatic vertebrobasilar arteries, proteinuria, or lack of intrathecally derived immunoglobulin synthesis.
Effects of Magnetic Coupling of Nonadjacent Resonators on Wireless Power Domino-Resonator Systems (2011)

In this paper, the effects of the magnetic coupling of nonadjacent resonators on the optimal frequency of wireless power transfer are addressed. A power analysis has been carried out to identify the adjacent and nonadjacent power flow components. It is found that such cross-coupling effects of nonadjacent resonators would cause the maximum efficiency operation to slightly shift away from the resonance frequency of the resonators. Theoretical reasons for such phenomena are provided and experimentally confirmed with practical measurements in a wireless power transfer system comprising several magnetically coupled resonators arranged in a straight domino form.
Ptbp2 represses adult-specific splicing to regulate the generation of neuronal precursors in the embryonic brain (2012)

Two polypyrimidine tract RNA-binding proteins (PTBs), one near-ubiquitously expressed (Ptbp1) and another highly tissue-restricted (Ptbp2), regulate RNA in interrelated but incompletely understood ways. Ptbp1, a splicing regulator, is replaced in the brain and differentiated neuronal cell lines by Ptbp2. To define the roles of Ptbp2 in the nervous system, we generated two independent Ptbp2-null strains, unexpectedly revealing that Ptbp2 is expressed in neuronal progenitors and is essential for postnatal survival. A HITS-CLIP (high-throughput sequencing cross-linking immunoprecipitation)-generated map of reproducible Ptbp2-RNA interactions in the developing mouse neocortex, combined with results from splicing-sensitive microarrays, demonstrated that the major action of Ptbp2 is to inhibit adult-specific alternative exons by binding pyrimidine-rich sequences upstream of and/or within them. These regulated exons are present in mRNAs encoding proteins associated with control of cell fate, proliferation, and the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting a role for Ptbp2 in neurogenesis. Indeed, neuronal progenitors in the Ptbp2-null brain exhibited an aberrant polarity and were associated with regions of premature neurogenesis and reduced progenitor pools. Thus, Ptbp2 inhibition of a discrete set of adult neuronal exons underlies early brain development prior to neuronal differentiation and is essential for postnatal survival.
Toward 3D Printing of Pure Metals by Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer (2015)

3D printing of common metals is highly challenging because metals are generally solid at room conditions. Copper and gold pillars are manufactured with a resolution below 5 μm and a height up to 2 mm, using laser-induced forward transfer to create and eject liquid metal droplets. The solidified drop's shape is crucial for 3D printing and is discussed as a function of the laser energy.
Overexpression, purification and helix-destabilizing properties of Epstein-Barr virus ssDNA-binding protein. (1998)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ssDNA-binding protein (SSB) encoded by the BALF2 gene is one of the essential replication proteins in the lytic phase of EBV DNA replication. In order to obtain the amount of EBV SSB required for characterization, a recombinant baculovirus containing the complete sequence of the BALF2 open reading frame under the control of the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter was constructed. Insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced a protein of 130 kDa, recognized by anti-BALF2 protein-specific polyclonal antibody. The overexpressed EBV SSB was purified homogeneously from the cytosolic fraction of the recombinant virus-infected cells. The purified protein displaced short DNA strands from their complementary sequences in the single-stranded form of M13. The helix-destabilizing activity was neutralized by the anti-BALF2 protein-specific antibody. Maximum unwinding occurred at EBV SSB concentrations exceeding saturation level of the DNA substrate. The DNA unwinding reaction mediated by the EBV SSB was highly cooperative and extremely rapid. The reaction displayed no directionality and required neither ATP nor MgCl2, two essential cofactors for DNA helicase activity. The helix-destabilizing property of the EBV SSB may function to melt out secondary structures on the ssDNA template, thereby facilitating the movement of the EBV DNA polymerase.
Inhibition of the cystathionine-gamma-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells by cobalt-60 gamma radiation. (2009)

Appropriate (60)Co gamma radiation inhibits the H(2)S synthesis by inhibiting the gene expression of cystathionine-gamma-lyase and the cystathionine-gamma-lyase activity.
Basic values and objectives regarding money (2008)

Purpose The study seeks to identify basic values and objectives from different bank retailing customers by asking them about their views on topics that deal responsibly with money. Based on their experiences, perceptions and expectations, those values and objectives that are of utmost relevance for them regarding their money life are identified. Design/methodology/approach The study is of a qualitative nature, using a total of 60 surveys with open‐ended questions to acquire data that are evaluated by the qualitative rule‐based method GABEK ® (GAnzheitliche BEwältigung von Komplexität), a tool for analysing textual qualitative data. Findings The results show a holistic picture of people's views concerning money and the role of retail banks. Three main topics are identified: banks' and customers' responsibilities; trustworthiness; and support service. These issues are discussed based on the basic values and objectives discovered in the context of customer relations. Research limitations/implications The study adds to the discussion of customer relationship management. A more detailed analysis of the results will bring additional illuminating information concerning the main topics identified. The use of a representative sample would allow a precise comparison of sub‐categories. Practical implications Alternative research approaches can be useful in identifying the value systems of customers that can be transformed into a company's strategy and its marketing activities. Originality/value In a descriptive account of customers' values and objectives concerning money the study shows how this can help us to gain new insights for the management of continuing customer relationships.
Helicobacter pylori: Emergence of a Superbug (2014)

OPINION article Front. Med., 14 October 2014Sec. Infectious Agents and Disease https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2014.00034
Selective and Potent Urea Inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (2012)

Cryptosporidium parvum and related species are zoonotic intracellular parasites of the intestine. Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhea in small children around the world. Infection can cause severe pathology in children and immunocompromised patients. This waterborne parasite is resistant to common methods of water treatment and therefore a prominent threat to drinking and recreation water even in countries with strong water safety systems. The drugs currently used to combat these organisms are ineffective. Genomic analysis revealed that the parasite relies solely on inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. Herein, we report a selective urea-based inhibitor of C. parvum IMPDH (CpIMPDH) identified by high-throughput screening. We performed a SAR study of these inhibitors with some analogues exhibiting high potency (IC(50) < 2 nM) against CpIMPDH, excellent selectivity >1000-fold versus human IMPDH type 2 and good stability in mouse liver microsomes. A subset of inhibitors also displayed potent antiparasitic activity in a Toxoplasma gondii model.
A Futuristic Monorail Tramway Stabilized by an Inertia Wheel (2007)

This paper presents a futuristic transportation mean: a monorail tramway, running on a narrow rail, stabilized by an inertia wheel. As the required infrastructure is very light, this transportation mean is an interesting answer to traffic saturation problems at which the agglomerations are exposed. To keep its balance, this tramway uses an inertial wheel controlled in real time, and driven by a regenerative actuator and driver, for consumption purpose. This paper is a preliminary study for this project. The analysis of the dynamics of the tramway in the transversal plane is made. The demonstration of the stabilization concept feasibility is done using the inverted pendulum, the most popular tool of the control theory, and more particularly, the inverted inertia wheel pendulum. The mechanical principles used here are classical but unique for this kind of application. Unlike in the other studies of inertia wheel pendulums, the localizations of the centers of masses were decided taking into account the real mass distribution (passengers and the tram structure) and optimized to minimize power consumption. Additionally, instead of using an encoder to measure the orientation of the pendulum, an inclinometer was preferred. Concerning the control part, the linear quadratic Gaussian control was chosen to stabilize the inverted pendulum because this control law allows controlling a system even with a partial knowledge of its state. A discussion regarding state observability is carried out showing that, even if in theory the angular velocity of the inertia wheel is enough to observe the full state of the system, in practice a sensor able to measure the orientation of the pendulum needs to be added. Experimental results are given.
Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prospective long-term study of an Israeli cohort{ (2002)

Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated irreversible organ/system damage was previously associated with various clinical and demographic features. We analysed the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR DI) in a cohort of 151 Israeli patients followed for a mean (+/- s.d.) period of 45.7 +/- 37.4 months. Mean score of SLICC/ACR DI at the first and last encounters were 0.17 +/- 64 and 1.64 +/- 2.1, respectively (P < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analyses disclosed a statistically significant positive correlation with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy. Hydroxychloroquine therapy was significantly associated with lower SLICC/ACR DI. Although the size of our study group did not allow us to find specific organs/systems which were associated with the protective effect of hydroxychloroquine, we suggest this is due to the antiatherogenic effects attributed to antimalarial therapy in SLE.
Self-Location Estimation of a Moving Camera Using the Map of Feature Points and Edges of Environment (2006)

Applications as visual navigation of mobile robot with image sensor and mixed/augmented reality have been investigated actively. Many of these techniques require the localization of human or robot. In this report, we propose a novel method for estimating the position of a camera by using edge and feature point information in time-series of images. The technique can be applied to the indoor environment and the environment spatial model including feature points is obtained by tracking background feature points with the position of camera. The prediction model image is generated based on trajectory of the moving camera from the spatial model and the camera position is estimated by correction of model image from comparison with the input image.
BaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ferroelectric thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (1999)

BaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (BBiT) is an n=4 member of the Bi-layer-structured ferroelectric oxide family (Aurivillius phases). BBiT thin films with preferred orientations have been grown on epitaxial conducting LaNiO3 electrodes on (001) SrTiO3 by pulsed laser deposition. Cross-section electron microscopy analysis reveals that the films consist of ct-axis oriented regions and mixed at- and ct-axis oriented regions. The mixed at- and ct-axis oriented regions show high surface roughness due to the rectangular crystallites protruding out of the surface, whereas the ct-axis oriented regions show a smooth surface morphology. In the mixed at- and ct-axis oriented regions, the BBiT films exhibit saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops with remnant polarization Pr of 2 μC/cm2 and coercive field Ec of 60 kV/cm and no polarization fatigue up to 108 cycles. The regions having ct-axis orientation with a smooth surface morphology exhibit a linear P–E curve. The results show that the ferroelectric properties of a planar capacitor consisting of BBiT depend on the crystalline orientation of the film.
Single-axon tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction of centre médian-parafascicular thalamic neurons in primates (2004)

The axonal projections from the centre median (CM)/parafascicular (Pf) thalamic complex in squirrel monkeys were studied after microiontophoretic injections of biotinylated dextran amine under electrophysiological guidance. A total of 29 axons connected to their parent cell body were entirely reconstructed from serial sections with a camera lucida. Our investigation shows that the CM and Pf nuclei in primates comprise three types of projection neurons: (1) neurons that innervate densely and focally the striatum; (2) neurons that arborize diffusely in the cerebral cortex; and (3) neurons that innervate both striatum and cerebral cortex. Striatal innervation of CM origin consists of dense clusters of axon terminals exhibiting pedunculated varicosities and forming oblique bands in the dorsolateral sector of putamen (sensorimotor striatal territory). The same type of striatal innervation occurs in the head of caudate nucleus (associative striatal territory) in cases of Pf-labeled neurons. The CM neurons that target cerebral cortex arborize principally in motor and premotor areas, whereas Pf neurons innervate chiefly prefrontal areas. Cortical innervation from both nuclei is much more profuse in layers V and VI than in layer I. Our three-dimensional reconstruction studies show that dendritic and axonal arborizations of CM neurons extend essentially along the sagittal plane. These results revealed that, in contrast to rodents where virtually all Pf neurons project to both striatum and cortex, the primate CM/Pf complex harbors several types of highly patterned projection neurons. As such, this complex might be considered as an integral part of the widely distributed basal ganglia neuronal system.
Roles of microglia in brain development, tissue maintenance and repair (2015)

The emerging roles of microglia are currently being investigated in the healthy and diseased brain with a growing interest in their diverse functions. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that microglia are not only immunocentric, but also neurobiological and can impact neural development and the maintenance of neuronal cell function in both healthy and pathological contexts. In the disease context, there is widespread consensus that microglia are dynamic cells with a potential to contribute to both central nervous system damage and repair. Indeed, a number of studies have found that microenvironmental conditions can selectively modify unique microglia phenotypes and functions. One novel mechanism that has garnered interest involves the regulation of microglial function by microRNAs, which has therapeutic implications such as enhancing microglia-mediated suppression of brain injury and promoting repair following inflammatory injury. Furthermore, recently published articles have identified molecular signatures of myeloid cells, suggesting that microglia are a distinct cell population compared to other cells of myeloid lineage that access the central nervous system under pathological conditions. Thus, new opportunities exist to help distinguish microglia in the brain and permit the study of their unique functions in health and disease.
The fundamental theorem of tristimulus integration (2019)

Abstract The colorimetric operation of tristimulus integration is analyzed from first principles. An expression compatible with the tenets of linear algebra is found to describe this operation. This expression proves to be different from the operation prescribed by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) for calculating tristimulus values. This article goes on to examine just what the CIE may be calculating, how their values may relate to tristimulus values, and how it may have occurred that no others have noticed this fact over more than 85 years of use of the CIE method.
A kinetoplast DNA probe diagnostic for <i>Leishmania infantum</i> (1992)

A 196 bp fragment of cloned kinetoplast (k) DNA of Leishmania infantum has been sequenced and shown to be diagnostic for this species. The DNA from 10(4)-10(5) promastigotes was routinely and specifically detected in crude dot blots of whole cells lysed in situ, and there was no cross-hybridization with 10(6) cells of L. major, L. tropica, L. killicki, L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis and L. mexicana. A low degree of hybridization was found with L. donovani and L. chagasi. This probe will be of particular use in Mediterranean countries, such as Italy, in which dermotropic zymodemes of L. infantum can be difficult to isolate and grow in numbers sufficient for isoenzyme typing.
In vitro activation of the transcription factor ISGF3 by interferon alpha involves a membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase and tyrosine kinase. (1993)

Interaction of interferon alpha (IFN alpha) with its cell surface receptor rapidly activates the formation of the transcription complex ISGF3, which subsequently translocates to the nucleus and stimulates the expression of a variety of early response genes. We have recently developed a cell-free system where IFN alpha can activate the formation of ISGF3 in vitro. This system has enabled us to demonstrate that the component of the ISGF3 transcription complex which is modified by IFN alpha treatment (ISGF3 alpha) is membrane-associated and that its activation involves a protein kinase. Using a combination of specific tyrosine kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies we now are able to demonstrate that IFN alpha-activated transcription involves at least a two-step process where a membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase and a tyrosine kinase lead to modification of ISGF3 alpha and subsequent formation of the complete complex. Furthermore, formation of the ISGF3 complex is specifically disrupted by protein tyrosine phosphatase and can be reversibly dissociated by the phosphotyrosine analogue phenylphosphate. The latter observation suggested that SH2 and/or SH3 domains may be required for the stable formation of this transcription complex.