gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle structure of MgB2 with ultrathin TiB2 grain boundaries (2002)

The microstructure of the Ti-doped MgB2 which shows a significantly improved critical current density, Jc [Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1154 (2001)], is investigated. It is found that Ti does not occupy the atomic site in the MgB2 crystal structure, but forms a thin TiB2 layer (with a thickness about one unit cell of TiB2) in the grain boundaries of MgB2. Besides, MgB2 grains are greatly refined by Ti doping, forming a strongly coupled nanoparticle structure. It is argued that the unique microstructure of the MgB2 nanoparticles with TiB2 nanograin boundaries may take responsibility for the enhancement of Jc in the Ti-doped MgB2 bulk superconductor.
Inertia Compensation Control of a One-Degree-of-Freedom Exoskeleton for Lower-Limb Assistance: Initial Experiments (2012)

A new method of lower-limb exoskeleton control aimed at improving the agility of leg-swing motion is presented. In the absence of control, an exoskeleton's mechanism usually hinders agility by adding mechanical impedance to the legs. The uncompensated inertia of the exoskeleton will reduce the natural frequency of leg swing, probably leading to lower step frequency during walking as well as increased metabolic energy consumption. The proposed controller emulates inertia compensation by adding a feedback loop consisting of low-pass filtered angular acceleration multiplied by a negative gain. This gain simulates negative inertia in the low-frequency range. The resulting controller combines two assistive effects: increasing the natural frequency of the lower limbs and performing net work per swing cycle. The controller was tested on a statically mounted exoskeleton that assists knee flexion and extension. Subjects performed movement sequences, first unassisted and then using the exoskeleton, in the context of a computer-based task resembling a race. In the exoskeleton's baseline state, the frequency of leg swing and the mean angular velocity were consistently reduced. The addition of inertia compensation enabled subjects to recover their normal frequency and increase their selected angular velocity. The work performed by the exoskeleton was evidenced by catch trials in the protocol.
Visualization and debugging of distributed multiagent systems (1999)

Visualizing the behavior of systems with distributed data, control, and process is a notoriously difficult task.Each component in the distributed system has only a local view of the whole setup, and the onus is on the user to integrate, into a coherent whole, the large amounts of limited information they provide.In this article, we describe an architecture and an implemented system for visualizing and controlling distributed multiagent applications.T he system comprises a suite of tools, with each tool providing a di erent perspective of the application being visualized.Each tool interrogates the components of the distributed application, collates the returned information, and presents this information to users in an appropriate manner.T his in essence, shifts the burden of inference from the user to the visualizer.Our visualizer has been evaluated on four distributed multiagent systems : a travel management application, a telecommunications network management application, a business process management demonstrator, and an electronic commerce application.Lastly, we brie y show how the suite of tools can be used together for debugging multiagent applications a process we refer to as debugging via corroboration.In distributed multiagent software systems (Nwana, 1996), autonomous software applications (agents) cooperate or compete with one another to perform user-speci ed tasks.Typically, these agents are geographically distributed across a local or wide-area network, with individual agents possessing only limited amounts of data resources, processing power, and problem-solving capabilities.In a cooperative or even competitive setup, a group of agents might need to collaborate with one another to perform tasks that are beyond the capabilities of any one agent.Generally, such collaboration requires the communication of control, request, and information messages between the agents in order to ensure their coherent functioning.Visualizing overall system behavior in such systems with distributed control, data, and process is a notoriously difficult task.Each agent in the system has only a local view of the organization, and the burden is on the
Human ESC–derived retinal epithelial cell sheets potentiate rescue of photoreceptor cell loss in rats with retinal degeneration (2017)

Replacing defective retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with those derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a potential strategy for treating retinal degenerative diseases. Early clinical trials have demonstrated that hESC-derived or hiPSC-derived RPE cells can be delivered safely as a suspension to the human eye. The next step is transplantation of hESC/hiPSC-derived RPE cells as cell sheets that are more physiological. We have developed a tissue-engineered product consisting of hESC-derived RPE cells grown as sheets on human amniotic membrane as a biocompatible substrate. We established a surgical approach to engraft this tissue-engineered product into the subretinal space of the eyes of rats with photoreceptor cell loss. We show that transplantation of the hESC-RPE cell sheets grown on a human amniotic membrane scaffold resulted in rescue of photoreceptor cell death and improved visual acuity in rats with retinal degeneration compared to hESC-RPE cells injected as a cell suspension. These results suggest that tissue-engineered hESC-RPE cell sheets produced under good manufacturing practice conditions may be a useful approach for treating diseases of retinal degeneration.
First‐in‐Human Study of AG10, a Novel, Oral, Specific, Selective, and Potent Transthyretin Stabilizer for the Treatment of Transthyretin Amyloidosis: A Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study in Healthy Adult Volunteers (2019)

AG10 is a novel, potent, and selective oral transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer being developed to treat TTR amyloidosis (ATTR). This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (ex vivo stabilization) of orally administered AG10 in healthy adult volunteers. Both mutant and wild-type ATTR are underdiagnosed diseases with limited therapeutic options. As TTR amyloidogenesis is initiated by dissociation of TTR tetramers destabilized due to inherited mutations or aging, AG10 is designed to treat the disease at its source. Four single and three multiple ascending dose levels of AG10 or matching placebo were orally administered. Safety and tolerability were assessed by vital signs, electrocardiogram, adverse events, and clinical laboratory tests. Pharmacokinetics were measured using a validated bioanalytical assay. Pharmacodynamics were assessed via three pharmacodynamic assays of TTR stabilization. AG10 was uniformly well tolerated, and no safety signals of clinical concern were observed. Pharmacokinetic observations included time to maximum concentration <1 hour, dose-dependent maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve, low intersubject variability, and half-life ∼25 hr. Complete (>90%) stabilization of TTR was observed across the entire dosing interval at steady state on the highest dose tested. Serum TTR levels, an in vivo reflection of TTR stabilization by AG10, increased from baseline following 12 days of dosing. AG10 appears to be safe and well tolerated in healthy adult volunteers and can completely stabilize TTR across the dosing interval, establishing clinical proof of concept. Based on these data, AG10 has the potential to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with either mutant or wild-type ATTR.
ADVANCES IN TENSIOMETRY FOR LONG‐TERM MONITORING OF SOIL WATER PRESSURES (2002)

Soil water pressures, measured over space and time, are needed to predict the direction of water flow and chemical transport in the vadose zone. Advanced tensiometers (ATs), which utilize a water‐filled porous cup connected directly to a pressure transducer, can be installed at almost any location and depth using standard drilling techniques such as auger drilling, but these methods can significantly disturb the site. For sites where minimal disturbance is desired, alternate approaches for tensiometer placement have been sought. To test installation techniques and performance longevity, advanced tensiometers were placed into the ground at a test site near Richland, WA using two different installation methods, auger drilling and a drive‐cone push technique. The tensiometers were subsequently monitored for nearly 2 yr without refilling or recalibration. The data indicated that tensiometers placed by the auger technique took several months to equilibrate, while the cone push units came to equilibrium within 24 h following their installation. Soil water pressures always remained above −90 cm pressure head (−90 mbar) at depths >90 cm. At the greatest depth (730 cm), positive then negative pressures were observed as the water table was lowered and the soil drained. The results suggest that for our test conditions (coarse sandy soil, no vegetation), soil water pressures stay well within the tensiometer range and unit gradient conditions persist, indicating a draining profile. Advanced tensiometers, placed either by auger or cone penetrometer, provide a robust and reliable method for long‐term monitoring of soil water pressure profiles.
Learning to predict problematic situations in a spoken dialogue system: experiments with how may I help you? (2000)

Current spoken dialogue systems are deficient in their strategies for preventing, identifying and repairing problems that arise in the conversation. This paper reports results on learning to automatically identify and predict problematic human-computer dialogues in a corpus of 4774 dialogues collected with the How May I Help You spoken dialogue system. Our expectation is that the ability to predict problematic dialogues will allow the system&apos;s dialogue manager to modify its behavior to repair problems, and even perhaps, to prevent them. We train a problematic dialogue classifier using automaticallyobtainable features that can identify problematic dialogues significantly better (23%) than the baseline. A classifier trained with only automatic features from the first exchange in the dialogue can predict problematic dialogues 7% more accurately than the baseline, and one trained with automatic features from the first two exchanges can perform 14% better than the baseline. 1 Introduction ...
Rechargeable Li1 + x Mn2 O 4 / Carbon Cells with a New Electrolyte Composition: Potentiostatic Studies and Application to Practical Cells (1993)

To improve the high temperature performance of Li[sub 1+x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4]/carbon rocking-chair secondary batteries the authors searched for and identified a new electrolyte composition whose range of stability extends up to 4.9 V vs Li at room temperature and 4.8 V vs Li at 55 C for the Li[sub x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4] material. The behavior of the M = LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] composite new electrolyte interface at high voltage (4.2 to 5.1 V vs Li) shows the superposition of two phenomena: (i) an irreversible behavior due to a very slow electrolyte oxidation caused by the large surface area of carbon black (mixed with the Li[sub x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4] active material to improve the conductivity) and (ii) two reversible Li deintercalation-intercalation processes in the Li[sub x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4] spinel structure. In order to evaluate the kinetics of the high voltage phenomena, the behavior of the LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4]/new electrolyte interface was investigated as a function of time and temperature. The electrolyte oxidative degradation is a well-stabilized reaction with nontime evolving kinetics, and with an activation energy close to 8 kcal/mol. The self-discharge mechanism a local redox process involving electrolyte oxidation at the electrode surface and reversible intercalation of Li in themore » Li[sub x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4] spinel structure. The effective stability of this new electrolyte against oxidation allows for better performance of the rocking-chair cells, in terms of cycle-life and self-discharge, over a wider temperature range ([minus]20 to 55 C.)« less
Preparation and properties of polycarbodiimides (1977)

Abstract A series of polycarbodiimides was prepared from isocyanates using 1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐2‐phospholene‐1 oxide as catalyst. The molecular weight of the series was varied by employing controlled amounts of phenyl isocyanate as a terminating agent. The resultant polymers showed improved processing over very high molecular weight unterminated polymer, while still maintaining good thermal stability and equivalent mechanical properties. A study of the viscoelastic properties of these polymers using modulus–temperature plots showed that the materials underwent a crosslinking reaction at elevated temperatures (200–250°C). These reactions could be explained on the basis of a model, diphenylarbodiimide, and most likely include the formation of carbodiimide dimers and trimers.
Predicting Readmission at Early Hospitalization Using Electronic Clinical Data (2016)

Automated clinical data can generate a readmission risk score early at hospitalization with fair discrimination. It may have applied value to aid early care transition. Adding administrative data increases predictive accuracy. The administrative data-enhanced model may be used for hospital comparison and outcome research.
Subsurface Flaw Detection In Reflective Materials By Thermal-Transfer Imaging (1989)

A thermal-imaging apparatus is disclosed for the nondestructive detection of subsurface defects in materials which would not usually lend themselves to thermal imaging because of their low emissivity and high susceptibility to background reflection noise. This is accomplished by transferring the thermal image produced by surface temperature perturbation of the workpiece material to a high-emissivity material with which it is continuously brought in contact. The transferred thermal image may be observed by a suitable infrared device resulting in a high-radiance image with minimum reflectivity or variable emissivity noise. Numerical simulations, as well as experimental results, are presented.
State selection in a cesium beam by laser-diode optical pumping (1987)

In this paper the optical pumping of a cesium beam is investigated. The rate equation model is used to calculate the population difference created by laser diode(s) illuminating the beam. The finite laser and atomic linewidths are taken into account in order to analyze leakage effects on neighboring transitions. One-laser and two-laser pumping is considered and the best-suited two-laser configurations for preparing the cesium atoms in a single ${m}_{F}$=0 sublevel are specified. Experimental results on both the leakage effect and the population difference achieved agree with theoretical predictions.
Genetic addiction risk score analysis: hypodopaminergic polymorphic risk alleles in polydrug addicted males and meso-limbic dopaminergic agonistic activation by neuroadaptagen amino-acid therapy (2011)

Introduction There is a need to classify patients at genetic risk for drug seeking behavior prior to or upon entry to chemical dependency programs. Methods The prevalence of seven risk alleles (DRD2 = A1; SLC6A3 (DAT) = 10R; DRD4 = 3R or 7R; 5HTTLPR = L or LA; MAO = 3R; COMT = G) and corresponding severity risk score (Low (LS) = 1–36%, moderate (MS) = 37–50%, and high (HS) = 51–100%) were calculated. Group 1 consisted of 16 Caucasian male psycho-stimulant addicts, and Group 2 consisted of 10 Chinese male heroin addicts (9 were genotyped). qEEG and fMRI visualized the impact of Neuroadaptagen Amino-Acid Therapy complex on mesolimbic system activation. Results [Findings by Group] 74% of the combined groups had a moderate to high genetic addiction risk score (GARS). One acute dose of KB220-IV variant in heroin addicts having brain abnormalities was found to normalize qEEG. Additionally, a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study involving oral KB220-Z variant established qEEG normalization of reward circuitry in abstinent psycho-stimulant abusers (P < 0.03). Conclusions We cautiously suggest that long-term activation of dopaminergic receptors will lead to D2 receptor proliferation and enhanced “dopamine sensitivity,” thus reducing aberrant craving behavior especially in carriers of the DRD2 A1 allele. Although supported by 20 clinical trials, KB220-Z awaits PET scanning to determine its chronic effects on D2 receptor numbers.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIMYCOTIC AZOLES. 7. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES OF A SERIES OF NOVEL TRIAZOL‐3‐ONES (1984)

Abstract Wie im Formelschema skizziert, werden die Triazolone (VI) und (VII) dargestellt.
PCR-based assays for detecting Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii in onion seed (2012)

Bacterial blight of onion is an emerging disease threatening world onion production, and causing damage to other Allium crops. The causal agent, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii (Xaa) has been listed on the EPPO A1 list of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests, since 2009. A duplex nested-PCR assay, targeting two markers specific to Xaa has been recently developed (Robène-Soustrade et al., 2010). A triplex quantitative real-time PCR assay (Taqman® technology) was developed targeting the same Xaa-specific markers and an internal control chosen in 5.8S rRNA gene from Alliaceae. Xaa strains were detected by the amplification of one or both of the two specific markers. The internal control signal validates both the extraction process and the reaction itself. Several successive steps have to be performed before detection from seed: seed maceration for 48h at 4°C, followed by homogenization of the seed macerate with a stomacher® and DNA extraction using DNeasy® Plant mini kit (Qiagen). This assay is currently being validated following the European standard EN ISO 16140: 2003 and the EPPO standard PM7/98 (1). The performance of Nested-PCR and real-time PCR assays are discussed. These PCR-based tools could be useful for the international sanitary surveillance of seed exchanges.
Inability of truncated recombinant Osp A proteins to elicit protective immunity to <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in mice. (1993)

The murine immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is characterized by the development of antibodies reactive with the outer surface protein (Osp) A. It has been demonstrated that passive immunization of mice with at least some Osp A antibodies, including an Osp A mAb (CIII.78) that binds to a conformational epitope in the carboxyl-terminus of Osp A, provides protection against Bb challenge. Active immunization of mice with Osp A also confers protection, making Osp A a candidate for a vaccine Ag. To determine the regions of the Osp A protein that can elicit protective immunity, we immunized boosted mice with overlapping recombinant truncated fragments of Osp A, then challenged them with Bb. All groups of mice developed IgG Osp A antibodies detectable by immunoblotting with sera diluted at least 5000-fold. As expected, vaccination with full-length recombinant Osp A protected mice from challenge infection. In contrast, none of the mice vaccinated with the truncated Osp A proteins demonstrated immunity, even those immunized with an Osp A fragment binding the neutralizing mAb CIII.78. Osp A antibodies contained in the truncated Osp A antisera also failed to immunoprecipitate in vitro translated full-length Osp A and did not bind, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, to live or acetone-fixed Bb. Taken together, these results suggest that neutralizing Osp A antibodies are induced by vaccination with the full-length recombinant Osp A protein but not by vaccination with recombinant fragments.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene not associated with antidepressant‐induced mania (2007)

Our results did not support the BDNF link to mania hypothesis proposed previously. However, a larger sample would allow for greater power to determine smaller effects of the BDNF gene in antidepressant-induced mania.
Optimal control strategy for fed‐batch enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass based on epidemic modeling (2015)

A mathematical optimal control strategy for feeding operation was developed for fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated lignocellulosic biomass based on a modified epidemic model. Cellulose conversion was maximized and glucose concentration achieved highest possible value over a fixed hydrolysis time. Boundaries of feeding rate and lignin content were set for feasible controls. Using the optimal control feeding strategy, glucose concentration and accumulated cellulose conversion reached up to 77.31 g/L and 72.08% in 100 h, which are 108.76% and 37.50% higher than in batch hydrolysis with same amount of enzyme consumption. Solids content in feeding source has a significant interference on system mass transfer. Optimal control is a useful tool for guiding operations in fed-batch and continuous processes as it enables process optimization through clear objective functions and feasible controls.
MH-trace: multi-hop time reservation using adaptive control for energy efficiency (2004)

Multihop time reservation using adaptive control for energy efficiency (MH-TRACE) is a distributed MAC protocol for energy efficient real-time packet broadcasting in a multihop radio network. In MH-TRACE, the network is dynamically partitioned into clusters without using any global information except global clock synchronization. The clustering algorithm is simple and robust enough to ensure that the gain from clustering is much higher than the clustering overhead, even in the presence of node mobility. In MH-TRACE, time is organized into superframes, which consist of several time frames. Each cluster chooses a frame for transmitting control packets and for the transmission of data from nodes in the cluster. However, each node in the network can receive all the desired packets in its receive range without any restriction based on the formed clusters. Each node learns about future data transmissions in its receive range from information summarization (IS) packets sent prior to data transmission by each transmitting node. Therefore, each node creates its own listening cluster and receives the packets it wants. By avoiding energy dissipation for receiving unwanted data packets or for waiting in idle mode, MH-TRACE guarantees the network to be highly energy efficient. Furthermore, since data transmission is contention free, the throughput of MH-TRACE is better than the throughput of CSMA type protocols under high traffic loads.