gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet Adhesion Assay-A New Quantitative Whole Blood Test to Measure Platelet Function (2005)

At this time no practical laboratory method for the measurement of the current functional state of blood platelets is available. A new innovative platelet adhesion assay (PADA) is described here. With only a short time requirement and minimal equipment, the PADA provides quantitative measurements of platelet adhesiveness. Only 0.5 mL of freshly drawn citrated whole blood is needed, to which special polymer particles are added. A defined shear grade is induced by a short period of shaking the sample. Proteins of the blood sample, especially fibrinogen, and thereafter also activated platelets, bind to the specific polymer surface. Following platelet counts both in the sample and in a control (blood without particles), the adhesion index (AI) is calculated as a quantitative measure of platelet adhesiveness. In healthy volunteers, a mean AI of 52+/-12 was measured. AI was shown to be nearly independent of the number of platelets in the sample (100 to 350 k/ microL), the hematocrit (44 to 25%), and the fibrinogen content (1.5 to 5 g/L). Age of the volunteers had only a minor influence on the AI. PADA was shown to be a simple reliable laboratory method for the detection of disturbed platelet function. The test requires low analytical efforts compared with other diagnostic platelet function tests.
A modular, fiber-optic sensor for micro-optical mechanical sensor education (2007)

A modular, fiber-optic sensor has been constructed in which the diaphragm can be replaced with different sensing mechanisms to detect numerous physical phenomena. Additionally, different fiber-optic detection systems can be attached to the sensor. Students employing this modular sensor can investigate optical sensors and detection systems that prepare them for advanced studies of micro-optical mechanical systems (MOMS).
Control of Synchrotron Radiation Effects During Recirculation with Bunch Compression (2015)

Studies of beam quality preservation during recirculation * have been extended to generate a design of a compact arc providing bunch compression with positive momentum compaction ** and control of both incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation (ISR and CSR) effects using the optics balance methods of diMitri et al.***. In addition, the arc/compressor generates very little micro-bunching gain. We detail the beam dynamical basis for the design, discuss the design process, give an example solution, and provide simulations of ISR and CSR effects. Reference will be made to a complete analysis of micro-bunching effects ****.
Imaging of dislocations using backscattered electrons in a scanning electron microscope (1990)

Abstract A field-emission-gun scanning electron microscope (FEG SEM) has been fitted with a back-scattered electron detector in order to image dislocations by the electron channelling contrast mechanism. By using an efficient detector, optimizing its orientation with respect to the specimen and the incident beam, and applying an image-enhancement technique, it has been possible to image and characterize dislocations near the surface of bulk samples of a number of materials without the need of an electron-energy filter in front of the detector. Examples are presented of preliminary studies of dislocations in Si and Ni, Ga; the image widths are typically 20 nm, and the normal g·b = 0 invisibility criterion for screw dislocations applies. By dispensing with the electron-energy filter used by Morin et al., the design and operation of the system become very simple, and the technique should become available in commercial FEG SEMs. This non-destructive technique is likely to have wide applications to situations where conventional ‘thin-film’ microscopy is impractical or undesirable.
On coded modulation for optical transmission (2016)

➤ Multi-dimensional coded modulation is useful in: • Filling the capacity gaps in a way to trade off between capacity and reach. • Enhancing the nonlinear tolerance by special encoding constraints. ➤ Most SD FEC schemes achieve the hard-decoding Shannon limit (or slightly better), there is still 1 to 1.5 dB worth mining. ➤ While the performance of many of the high-dimensional modulation formats examined is superior to conventional formats at BERs in the region of 10-3 and 10-2, the use of modern strong FEC codes remains a topic for further investigation. ➤ In general, gains in noise tolerance may be offset by worse nonlinear performance for novel formats, and detailed analysis of nonlinear performance is essential. ➤ Research activity on coded modulation will continue.
Phase-change actuator for self-tracking planar solar concentrator (2012)

We present a concept and show preliminary experimental results for a reversible in-plane actuator for solar focus activated lightguide coupling. By actuating at the location of focused sunlight and splitting the solar spectrum for actuation energy, this device aims to adaptively self-track and efficiently concentrate solar light into a planar waveguide.
Extreme ultraviolet sources and measurement tools for EUV-lithography and system development (2003)

The availability of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light sources, measurement tools and integrated test systems is of major importance for the development of EUV lithography for use in large volume chip production starting in 2009. The EUV steppers will require an output power from the EUV source of 115 W at 13.5 nm for economic chip production. In addition, the EUV source must achieve rigorous specifications for debris emission and source facing condenser optics lifetime, source component lifetime, repetition rate, pulse-energy stability, plasma size and spatial emission stability, and spectral purity as a result of lithography system design constraints. Significant progress has been made in the development of laser produced plasma and gas discharge produced plasma based EUV sources as well as metrology tools to measure EUV radiation characteristics. As of today, the first EUV sources and measurement equipment are available to be used for EUV system, mask, optics and component as well as lithography process development. With the commercial availability of EUV-plasma sources other applications using short wavelength, XUV-radiation will be feasible in a laboratory environment. Some examples of XUV applications are discussed.
H-ARQ Rate-Compatible Structured LDPC Codes (2006)

In this paper, we design families of rate-compatible structured LDPC codes suitable for hybrid ARQ applications with high throughput. We devise a systematic technique of low complexity for the design of structured low-rate LDPC codes from higher rate ones. These codes have a good performance on the AWGN channel and are robust against erasures and puncturing. The codes designed here are protograph-based codes and have fast encoding and decoding structures. These low rate codes are used as the parent codes of rate-compatible families. Then, we propose a number of algorithms for puncturing the codes in a rate compatible manner to construct codes of higher rates. The two most promising ones are the random puncturing search technique and progressive node puncturing. We show that using the techniques in this paper one could construct a high throughput rate compatible family with codes whose rates are in the range from 0.1 to 0.9 and which are within 1 dB from the channel capacity and have good error floors
P‐180: Active Compensation for OLED Aging (2006)

Abstract OLED devices age and become less efficient as they are used. The loss of light output comes from a decrease in current‐to‐photon conversion efficiency and from an increase in OLED resistance that results in a reduction of current through the OLED for a given drive signal. By measuring the changes in current at a given drive signal, the loss in efficiency can be inferred, and a correction can be applied to the driving signal to compensate for OLED aging. This correction is largely consistent with respect to variation in use and manufacture.
Scaling tape-recording areal densities to 100 Gb/in<sup>2</sup> (2008)

We examine the issue of scaling magnetic tape-recording to higher areal densities, focusing on the challenges of achieving 100 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in the linear tape format. The current highest achieved areal density demonstrations of 6.7 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in the linear tape and 23.0 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in the helical scan format provide a reference for this assessment. We argue that controlling the head-tape interaction is key to achieving high linear density, whereas track-following and reel-to-reel servomechanisms as well as transverse dimensional stability are key for achieving high track density. We envision that advancements in media, data-detection techniques, reel-to-reel control, and lateral motion control will enable much higher areal densities. An achievable goal is a linear density of 800 Kb/in and a track pitch of 0.2 µm, resulting in an areal density of 100 Gb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Refinement of the autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (<i>PKHD1</i>) interval and exclusion of an EF hand‐containing gene as a<i>PKHD1</i>candidate gene (2002)

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is an often devastating form of polycystic kidney disease that presents primarily in infancy. The locus, PKHD1 (polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1), on chromosome 6p21.1-p12, has been linked to all classical forms of this disorder. In previous studies, we cloned the PKHD1 interval in a set of overlapping YACs, converted this YAC-based framework into a BAC/PAC contig, and delimited the critical interval to a region flanked by the markers D6S1714 and D6S1024. We now have refined the genetic interval using new polymorphic markers developed from our BAC/PAC resources. In addition, we have evaluated a recently identified, EF hand-containing gene that maps to the interval of interest, established its transcript sequence, defined its genomic organization, and excluded this new gene as a PKHD1 candidate. Therefore, this study has narrowed the PKHD1 interval and excluded a potentially relevant gene as a PKHD1 candidate gene. This further refinement of the PKHD1 interval will facilitate efforts to identify the PKHD1 gene by positional cloning. These data also provide additional, highly polymorphic markers for haplotype-based diagnostic testing for ARPKD.
Optimization of parameter values for complex pulse sequences by simulated annealing: Application to 3D MP‐RAGE imaging of the brain (1994)

A number of pulse sequence techniques, including magnetization-prepared gradient echo (MP-GRE), segmented GRE, and hybrid RARE, employ a relatively large number of variable pulse sequence parameters and acquire the image data during a transient signal evolution. These sequences have recently been proposed and/or used for clinical applications in the brain, spine, liver, and coronary arteries. Thus, the need for a method of deriving optimal pulse sequence parameter values for this class of sequences now exists. Due to the complexity of these sequences, conventional optimization approaches, such as applying differential calculus to signal difference equations, are inadequate. We have developed a general framework for adapting the simulated annealing algorithm to pulse sequence parameter value optimization, and applied this framework to the specific case of optimizing the white matter-gray matter signal difference for a T1-weighted variable flip angle 3D MP-RAGE sequence. Using our algorithm, the values of 35 sequence parameters, including the magnetization-preparation RF pulse flip angle and delay time, 32 flip angles in the variable flip angle gradient-echo acquisition sequence, and the magnetization recovery time, were derived. Optimized 3D MP-RAGE achieved up to a 130% increase in white matter-gray matter signal difference compared with optimized 3D RF-spoiled FLASH with the same total acquisition time. The simulated annealing approach was effective at deriving optimal parameter values for a specific 3D MP-RAGE imaging objective, and may be useful for other imaging objectives and sequences in this general class.
Papillomavirus Microbicidal Activities of High-Molecular-Weight Cellulose Sulfate, Dextran Sulfate, and Polystyrene Sulfonate (2001)

The high-molecular-weight sulfated or sulfonated polysaccharides or polymers cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate were tested for microbicidal activity against bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) and type 40 (HPV-40). In vitro assays included the BPV-1-induced focus-forming assay and transient infection of human A431 cells with HPVs. The compounds were tested for microbicidal activity directly by preincubation with virus prior to addition to cell cultures and indirectly by addition of virus to compound-treated cells and to virus-coated cells to test inactivation of the virus after virus-cell binding. The data indicated that all three compounds showed direct microbicidal activity with 50% effective concentrations between 10 to 100 microg/ml. These concentrations were nontoxic to cell cultures for both assays. When a clone of C127 cells was tested for microbicidal activity, approximately 10-fold-less compound was required to achieve a 50% reduction in BPV-1-induced foci than for the uncloned parental C127 cells. Pretreatment of cells with compound prior to addition of virus also demonstrated strong microbicidal activity with dextran sulfate and polystyrene sulfonate, but cellulose sulfate required several orders of magnitude more compound for virus inactivation. Polystyrene sulfonate prevented subsequent infection of HPV-11 after virus-cell binding, and this inactivation was observed up to 4 h after addition of virus. These data indicate that the polysulfated and polysulfonated compounds may be useful nontoxic microbicidal compounds that are active against a variety of sexually transmitted disease agents including papillomaviruses.
Novel Apoptosis-Inducing<i>trans-</i>Platinum Piperidine Derivatives:  Synthesis and Biological Characterization (2002)

The synthesis, chemical characterization, and interaction with cells of new sterically hindered trans- and cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) complexes are described. The amine ligands include monofunctional piperidine (pip) and piperazine (pz). The poor solubility of trans-diaminedichloroplatinum complexes was overcome by introducing the positively charged pz ligand, which allows retaining of the classic platinum coordination sphere. In vitro evaluation in OV-1063 and C-26 tumor cells revealed that replacing one NH3 of the inactive transplatin by an aromatic planar ligand (4-picoline, 4-pic) or by an aliphatic nonplanar heterocyclic ligand (pip) or replacing both NH3 groups with a 4-pic ligand and a pip or pz ligand significantly increases the cytotoxic activity of these complexes. The unsymmetric complexes trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pip)] and trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pz)]HCl were the most cytotoxic compounds against the cisplatin-sensitive tumor cell line C-26 (IC50 = 4.5 and 5.5 microM, respectively) and the cisplatin-sensitive tumor cell line OV-1063 (IC50 = 6.5 and 7.4 microM, respectively). In contrast, replacing one NH3 of the cis isomer by an aromatic planar ligand (4-pic) or by an aliphatic amine lowered their cytotoxiciy in comparison to cisplatin. Cell penetration and Pt-DNA adduct formation were also evaluated, and it was clearly shown that both trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pip)] and trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pz)]HCl penetrate efficiently the cellular membrane of the tumor cells and platinate the cellular DNA. When comparing cellular DNA platination, positively charged trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pz)]HCl was 7-fold higher than both cisplatin and its neutral analogue trans-[PtCl2(4-pic)(pip)]. Moreover, in contrast to cisplatin, in the cell lines used, cell death caused by both complexes appeared to be apoptotic according to several criteria including early phosphatidylserine exposure, activation of caspases, and characteristic morphological changes. Our results suggest that these novel mixed nonclassical trans-Pt(II) complexes are biologically and mechanistically distinct from known Pt complexes and deserve evaluation of their efficacy in tumor-bearing animals.
Multiresolution Priority Queues (2017)

Priority queues are container data structures essential to many high performance computing (HPC) applications. In this paper, we introduce multiresolution priority queues, a data structure that improves the performance of the standard heap based implementations by trading off a controllable amount of resolution in the space of priorities. The new data structure can reduce the worst case performance of inserting an element from O(log(n)) to O(log(r)), where n is the number of elements in the queue and r is the number of resolution groups in the priority space. The worst case cost of removing the top element is O(1). When the number of elements in the table is high, the amortized cost to insert an element becomes O(1).
Video‐assisted parathyroid gland mapping with autofocusing (2019)

Preservation of the parathyroid gland (PTG) in neck endocrine surgery is important for regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. Localization of the PTG has been attempted using various methods such as ultrasound, sestamibi, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. These methods cannot be used during surgery, have high sensitivity or have PTG specificity. However, autofluorescence technique has shown high sensitivity and does not require exogenous contrast. In this study, a new optical system was designed and developed into a clinical system. The system enabled easier and faster focusing on the surgical area and high-resolution video imaging while maintaining a clear image. The system was located above the head of the surgeon. The surgeon was able to see the real-time autofluorescent image on the monitor next to the operating table at any time to locate the PTG. The PTG buried in the adipose tissue and connective tissue was located easily and accurately. The clinical trial conducted in this study consisted of 56 parathyroid cases in 26 patients. For the statistical results, the sensitivity and accuracy in this redesigned autofluorescent imaging system were 98.1% and 96.4%, respectively.
Nonlinear Spin Current and Magnetoresistance of Molecular Tunnel Junctions (2006)

We report on a theoretical study of spin-polarized quantum transport through a Ni-bezenedithiol(BDT)-Ni molecular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Our study is based on carrying out density functional theory within the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, so that microscopic details of the molecular MTJ are taken into account from first principles. A magnetoresistance ratio of approximately 27% is found for the Ni-BDT-Ni MTJ which declines toward zero as bias voltage is increased. The spin currents are nonlinear functions of bias voltage, even changing sign at certain voltages due to specific features of the coupling between molecular states and magnetic leads.
Curved Holographic Waveguide Combiner for HUD and AR Display (2021)

Waveguide combiners for head up display (HUD) and augmented reality (AR) have the unique advantage to decouple the field of view from the eye box size thanks to pupil replication. However, in order for the image to propagate without aberration in the waveguide, its surfaces have been kept flat and parallel. Here we are presenting a curved waveguide with pupil replication that takes advantage of holographic optical elements for light injection and extraction, while compensating for propagation aberration. Both ray tracing model and early experimental demonstrator are discussed.
A family of human β4-galactosyltransferases. Cloning and expression of two novel UDP-galactose:β-N-acetylglucosamine β1,4-galactosyltransferases, β4Gal-T2 and β4Gal-T3. (1998)

Page 31982, Fig. 2: The omission of a “G” (nucleotide position 90–95) in the reported nucleotide sequence of β4Gal-T2 was recently kindly pointed out by Drs. Nancy and Joel Shaper, The Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Baltimore, MD. Inclusion of the “G” (bold underline below) results in a single translational initiation codon that shortens the reading frame by 25 amino acids (GenBank™ accession number Y12509). This change also affects the position of intron I (previously indicated to be placed in the coding region), which is now located at nucleotide position −53 in the 5′-untranslated region of the gene.
Cultivating Insect Cells To Produce Recombinant Proteins (1996)

Method of producing recombinant proteins involves growth of insect cells in nutrient solution in cylindrical bioreactor rotating about cylindrical axis, oriented horizontally and infecting cells with viruses into which genes of selected type cloned. Genes in question those encoding production of desired proteins. Horizontal rotating bioreactor preferred for use in method, denoted by acronym HARV, described in High-Aspect-Ratio Rotating Cell-Culture Vessel (MSC-21662).
Comparative evaluation of use of cna, fnbA, fnbB, and hlb for genomic fingerprinting in the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus (1997)

We used a genomic fingerprinting protocol to characterize 59 Staphylococcus aureus strains and a single S. intermedius isolate, all of which were previously typed by 13 different methods (F. C. Tenover et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:407-415, 1994). These 60 strains were divided into three groups of 20 strains each, with each group including internal controls. Two of the three groups (groups SB and SC) included 29 strains from four relatively well-defined outbreaks. The epidemiological relationships of the strains in the third group (group SA) were unclear. Fingerprints were established by Southern blotting with HaeIII-digested genomic DNA and a probe mixture consisting of DNA fragments corresponding to the S. aureus collagen adhesin (cna), fibronectin-binding protein (fnbA and fnbB), and beta-toxin (hlb) genes. An unambiguous fingerprint was obtained for all S. aureus isolates. No hybridization signal was observed with S. intermedius. Twenty-seven of the 29 related strains in the SB and SC groups were correctly identified as belonging to one of the four epidemiologically related groups. Our protocol was less successful with respect to the exclusion of unrelated strains. Specifically, only 6 of 11 unrelated strains in the SB and SC groups had a fingerprint that was distinct by comparison to the fingerprints of the outbreak strains. Nevertheless, our protocol was relatively accurate by comparison to the accuracies of the other methods and was one of only six methods that accurately identified all of the repetitive strains included as internal controls.
Provisioning algorithms for WDM optical networks (2002)

This paper concerns connection provisioning for optical networks employing wavelength division multiplexing. A heuristic algorithm is developed and numerically studied for routing and wavelength assignment of a set of static connection requests. The algorithm runs much faster than the optimum solution of this problem. An adaptation of the algorithm is proposed to design restorable networks which can handle a specified set of failures. The proposed algorithm is based on taking all failures into consideration simultaneously, and performs better than developing independent designs for each failure.