gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of interfacial adhesion in sheath/core composite fibers (1993)

Abstract Rayon/nylon sheath/core composite fibers were produced using a wire coating‐type process. Fumaric acid (FA) was chosen as an adhesion promoter to pretreat the nylon core fiber before rayon coating to improve the adhesion between skin and core. Different FA pretreatment concentrations and times were used and the effects of the pretreatment conditions on the adhesion were evaluated. A fiber pull adhesion test technique was developed to determine the interfacial shear strength of the composite fibers. The results indicated that the interfacial adhesion in the rayon/nylon composite fibers was significantly improved for specific sets of FA application conditions. Adhesion results were confirmed with electron microscopy. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Porcine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins: New Members of the Aspartic Proteinase Gene Family Expressed in Trophectoderm1 (1995)

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are members of the aspartyl proteinase gene family that were initially identified in cattle (bPAG) and sheep (oPAG) as placenta-specific antigens in maternal blood. The objective of this study was to determine whether PAG are expressed in pig trophoblast. A porcine conceptus cDNA library was screened with 32P-labeled ovine and bovine PAG cDNA. Of the approximately 10(4) plaques that were initially screened, a very high number (approximately 5.3%) were positive. Two distinct types were identified, and full-length clones representing each type (1371 bp, pPAG1; 1378 bp, pPAG2) were fully sequenced in both directions. Their open reading frames coded polypeptides of 389 and 387 amino acids, respectively, including 15 amino acid signal peptides. Each had several potentials sites for N-glycosylation. Both were members of the aspartic proteinase gene family, with approximately 50% amino acid sequence identity to porcine pepsinogen and 64% to each other. They were only distantly related to PAG of ruminant species (53% and 49% identify in amino acid sequence to oPAG1 and bPAG1, respectively). Interestingly, pPAG1 had amino acid substitutions within its catalytic center (Gly-->Ala81, domain 1; Thr-->Ser263, Thr-->Ser265, Ser-->Ala266, domain 2) that together were likely to render it enzymatically inactive, whereas pPAG2 retained sequences identical to pepsin in these regions. Western blotting of secretory products of porcine trophoblast with anti-oPAG1 and anti-bPAG1 antisera indicated that pPAG, like PAG from ruminants, had an unexpectedly high M(r)(approximately 70,000).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Multispectral bacterial identification</title> (2000)

A multi spectral optical technique was developed to simultaneously classify individual bacterial cells within mixed populations. Multi spectral Bacterial Identification (mBID) combines innovations in microscopy with a software analysis program to measure and characterize the fluorescence signals from multiplexed 16S ribosomal RNA probes hybridized to populations of different bacteria. Software was developed to identify individual bacteria at the level of species within these mixed populations. TO test the feasibility of mBID, we examined the fluorescence emissions from a mixture of probes specific for individual species of known bacteria from the American Type Culture Collection. Currently, up to seven species can be detected simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy. An eighth signal was reserved for a universal probe to control for fluorescence intensity. mBID can also be used to identify uncultured microorganisms. We plan to couple this new multi spectral technology to existing identification technologies that utilize 16S rRNA sequence alignment. Using this integrated identification protocol, bacteria that may be associated with chronic conditions will be identified first by analyzing their 16S rDNA sequences and then by visualizing them with flourescent probes hybridized to their 16S rRNA in situ.
Polymeric Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2005)

Abstract Polymeric scaffolds are three‐dimensional, porous structures that may be used as a vehicle to deliver cells or therapeutic factors to repair tissue defects. Both biodegradable and non‐biodegradable polymers have been developed for this purpose. In this review, we survey the polymers that have been investigated for cartilage tissue engineering and discuss the critical parameters for successful applications in the future.
Atom-based RF electric field measurements: An initial investigation of the measurement uncertainties (2015)

We discuss a new method for the measurement of electric (E) fields that will lead to a self-calibrating, direct SI-traceable E-field probe. The technique is based on radio frequency E-field interactions with alkali atoms placed in glass cells. After we present the concept of this approach and present some experimental data to show its validity, we give a discussion of the different types of uncertainties that are associated with this new approach. We discuss how the uncertainties of this approach compare to commonly used E-field measurement techniques.
Compositions involving V sub 2 O sub 3 -ZrO-TlO sub 2 (1991)

This patent describes a method of preparing compositions, from V{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} that fall within the shaded area circumscribed by ABCDF as shown in the disclosed figure. It comprises heating V{sub 2}O{sub 5} powder having a particle size of less than about 50 microns in an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is in the range of 10{sup {minus}8} to 10{sup {minus}10} atmospheres while gradually increasing the temperature over a temperature range of about 600{degrees}C to 1300{degrees}C for a period to ensure complete reduction of all vanadium to V{sup 3+}; heating TiO{sub 2} and ZrO{sub 2} powders each having a particle size of less than about 50 microns for a period of about 10 to 14 hrs. at a temperature in the range of about 600{degrees}C to 800{degrees}C for TiO{sub 2} and about 1000{degrees}C to 1200{degrees}C for ZrO{sub 2}; thoroughly grinding together about 24 to 98 wt. The author of V{sub 2}O{sub 3} with about 2 to 50 wt % of ZrO{sub 2} and about 0 to 66 wt % of TiO{sub 2} to produce a mixture having a grain size of less than about 50 microns; pelletizing the mixture at a pressuremore » of about 5,000 psi; and heating and reacting together the pellets at a temperature in the range of about 1100{degrees}C to 1700{degrees}C for a period in the range of about 12 to 48 hrs. in an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is in the range of 10{sup {minus}10} to 10{sup {minus}5} atmosphere. This patent also describes compositions produced from V{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}, wherein the compositions are solid solutions and fall within the shaded area circumscribed by ABCDF as shown wherein the amounts of V{sub 2}O{sub 3}, ZrO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} are characterized.« less
Similarity search for large-scale image datasets (2006)

Content-based image similarity search is a difficult problem due to the high dimensionality and usually massive amount of image data. The main challenge is to achieve high-quality similarity search with high speed and low space usage. This thesis proposes several techniques to address the problem of building a similarity search system for large-scale image datasets. A prototype image search system, called CASS-Image (Content-Aware Search System for Images), has been implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques. 
The first contribution of this thesis is a sketch construction algorithm that converts high-dimensional feature vectors into bit vectors (sketches), such that the weighted (and thresholded) e1 distance between two feature vectors can be estimated by the Hamming distance of their sketches. Experimental results show that using sketches can typically reduce the space requirement by an order of magnitude with minimal impact on similarity search quality. 
The second is a hash-perturbation based LSH (Locality Sensitive Hashing) technique for approximate nearest neighbor search in high dimensions. This technique probes multiple buckets in each hash table by perturbing the hashed value of the query object. Performance evaluations show that this method is both time and space efficient. It has a similar time efficiency as the basic LSH method while reducing the space requirement by a factor of five. Also, its time efficiency is twice that of the point-perturbation based LSH method. 
The third is a multi-feature filtering algorithm for region-based image similarity search. This method uses approximation algorithms to generate a candidate set, and then ranks the objects in the candidate set with a more sophisticated multi-feature distance measure. It works for both feature vectors and their sketches. It can also be combined with indexing techniques to further speed up the search process. Performance evaluations show that filtering is 4--13 times faster than the brute-force approach, while still maintaining good search quality. 
This thesis also proposes a new region-based image similarity measure, EMD* match, which uses square-root region weights and region distance thresholding. Experimental results show that EMD* match is 27%--91% more effective than previous image similarity search techniques.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND GUIDED CRYOABLATION FOR LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER IN NONSURGICAL CANDIDATES: A FEASIBILITY STUDY AND REPORT OF EARLY RESULTS (1998)

Although the precise role of cryoablation in the management of prostate cancer remains unclear and long-term results are pending, incorporation of a 3-D transrectal ultrasound imaging system into the cryoablation routine proved to be feasible and appeared to be a worthwhile effort to facilitate the procedure, and deserves further evaluation.
Synthesis and pharmacological analysis of a morphine/substance P chimeric molecule with full analgesic potency in morphine-tolerant rats. (2007)

Analyses employing selective, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeable, opioid and SP antagonists administered alone or in combination, indicate an obligate requirement for coincident activation of populations of CNS opioid and SP receptors. These combined data suggest that MSP9 activates multiple opioid- and SPR-expressing systems functionally linked to CNS analgesic responses, designating this class of hybrid chimeric molecules as prime candidates for therapeutic development for a wide range of clinical indications.
Ultrasound contrast plane wave imaging (2012)

In each resolution cell of the image, plane-wave imaging spread the spatial peak acoustic intensity over more pulses, reducing the peak pressure and, hence, preserving the microbubbles. This method could contribute to molecular imaging by allowing the continuous monitoring of the accumulation of microbubbles with improved contrast.
In-situ Observation of the Amorphous Carbon Nanopillars Caused by Moving Liquid-like Iron Particles by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2005)

The tubulization process of amorphous carbon nanopillars was observed in-situ by transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous carbon nanopillars were transformed into graphitic tubules by annealing at about 650oC in the presence of iron nanoparticles. A catalyst nanoparticle penetrated into an amorphous carbon nanopillar, dissolving it and leaving a graphite track behind. We concluded that the tubulization mechanism is a solid-quasiliquid-solid mechanism where the carbon phase transformation is a kind of liquid phase graphitization of amorphous carbon catalyzed by liquefied metal-carbon alloy nanoparticles.
Nucleic Acid Separations Utilizing Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (2003)

Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is widely used for protein purification, e.g., in the isolation of proteins bearing the well-known hexahistidine affinity tag. We report that IMAC matrixes can also adsorb single-stranded nucleic acids through metal ion interactions with aromatic base nitrogens and propose that metal affinity technologies may find widespread application in nucleic acid technology. Oligonucleotide duplexes, plasmid, and genomic DNA show low IMAC binding affinity, while RNA and single-stranded oligonucleotides bind strongly to matrixes such as Cu(II) iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agarose. The affinity of yeast RNA for IDA-chelated metal ions decreases in the following order: Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Co(II). Adsorption isotherms for 20-mer oligonucleotide homopolymers show that purines are strongly favored over pyrimidines and that double-stranded duplexes are not bound. IMAC columns have been used to purify plasmid DNA from E. coli alkaline lysates, to purify a ribozyme, to remove primers and imperfect products from PCR reactions, and to separate 20-mer oligonucleotide duplexes containing centered single-base mismatches. Potential further applications include SNP scoring, hybridization assays, and the isolation of polyadenylated messenger RNA.
Subpatent infection with nucleoside transporter 1-deficient Plasmodium blood stage parasites confers sterile protection against lethal malaria in mice (2010)

Repeated immunizations with whole Plasmodium blood stage parasites and concomitant drug cure of infection confer protective immunity against parasite challenge in mice, monkeys and humans. Moreover, it was recently shown that infections with genetically modified rodent malaria blood stage parasites conferred sterile protection against lethal blood stage challenge. However, in these models vaccination resulted in high parasitemias and, in consequence, carries risk of vaccine-induced pathology and death. Herein, we generated a novel, completely blood stage-attenuated P. yoelii rodent malaria strain by targeted deletion of parasite nucleoside transporter 1 (NT1). Immunization of inbred and outbred mouse strains with a single low dose of Pynt1(-) blood stages did not induce any patent infections and conferred complete sterile protection against lethal heterologous blood stage and sporozoite challenges. Partial protection was observed against lethal challenges with another parasite species, P. berghei. Importantly, subcutaneous immunization with Pynt1(-) conferred sterile protection against lethal blood stage challenges. We show that cellular and humoral immune responses are both essential for sterile protection. The study demonstrates that genetic manipulation provides a platform for the designed, complete attenuation of malaria parasite blood stages and suggests testing the safety and efficacy of P. falciparum NT1 knockout strains in humans.
Evolution of Microstructures and Product Opportunities in Low Carbon Steel Strip Casting (2001)

One of the greatest challenges in the direct casting of low carbon steel strip is the production of material with mechanical properties similar to those obtained via conventional strip production routes. A fundamental understanding of the microstructure evolution from solidification through to the final product is of critical importance in this endeavour. Experimental work was carried out using a special apparatus to establish links between heat transfer, nucleation, solidification, strip microstructures and mechanical properties. This information was used in conjunction with the actual microstructures and properties of strip obtained from a full scale development plant to define the breadth of product opportunities possible from the direct casting of low carbon steel strip.L'un des plus grands défis de la coulée en moule de fonte de feuillard d'acier à faible carbone est la production de matériel ayant des propriétés mécaniques similaires à celles obtenues par l'intermédiaire des routes conventionnelles de production de feuillard. Une compréhension fondamentale de l'évolution de la microstructure depuis la solidification jusqu'au produit final est d'une importance critique dans cet effort. On a entrepris le travail expérimental en utilisant un appareil spécial afin d'établir des liens entre le transfert de chaleur, la nucléation, la solidification, les microstructures du feuillard et les propriétés mécaniques. On a ensuite utilisé cette information en conjonction avec les microstructures et les propriétés actuelles de feuillards obtenus d'une usine de développement à pleine échelle afin de définir l'ampleur des possibilités de produits obtenus à partir de la coulée en moule de fonte de feuillard d'acier à faible carbone.
Delta air-charge anticipation for mass air flow and electronic throttle control based systems (2002)

Cylinder air charge estimators, that account for the air flow dynamics of the engine, are an essential feature to engine emission control systems. These estimators must be further augmented to anticipate the air charge several cylinder events beyond the current estimate due to practical fuel injector limitations. The delay between the commanded and measured throttle position of an electronic throttle controller (ETC) can be used to improve the air charge anticipation algorithms. We develop an air charge algorithm that exploits a one cylinder event ahead prediction of the throttle position to determine air charge one or two cylinder events in the future. We explore a practical method of obtaining the prediction of throttle using an ETC as well as more sophisticated methods to determine the extent of throttle prediction accuracy that is possible over a range of prediction times.
Structural Basis for the Inhibition of HSP70 and DnaK Chaperones by Small-Molecule Targeting of a C-Terminal Allosteric Pocket (2014)

The stress-inducible mammalian heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and its bacterial orthologue DnaK are highly conserved nucleotide binding molecular chaperones. They represent critical regulators of cellular proteostasis, especially during conditions of enhanced stress. Cancer cells rely on HSP70 for survival, and this chaperone represents an attractive new therapeutic target. We have used a structure-activity approach and biophysical methods to characterize a class of inhibitors that bind to a unique allosteric site within the C-terminus of HSP70 and DnaK. Data from X-ray crystallography together with isothermal titration calorimetry, mutagenesis, and cell-based assays indicate that these inhibitors bind to a previously unappreciated allosteric pocket formed within the non-ATP-bound protein state. Moreover, binding of inhibitor alters the local protein conformation, resulting in reduced chaperone-client interactions and impairment of proteostasis. Our findings thereby provide a new chemical scaffold and target platform for both HSP70 and DnaK; these will be important tools with which to interrogate chaperone function and to aid ongoing efforts to optimize potency and efficacy in developing modulators of these chaperones for therapeutic use.
Ryegrass endophyte: a New Zealand Grassland success story (2001)

The discovery in 1981 that ryegrass endophyte is responsible for ryegrass staggers has required a total revision of our understanding of ryegrassbased pastures. The effects on grazing livestock range from obvious clinical disorders to chronic impairment of productivity. On the other hand, endophyte infection is essential to ryegrass persistence in most of New Zealand, protecting the plant from some invertebrate pests and from over-grazing, and perhaps promoting its tolerance of moisture stress. Vigorous, endophyte-infected pastures sometimes include less clover than pastures relatively free of endophyte. Active compounds produced by the endophyte have been identified, and conditions causing high levels of them have been documented in part. Endophyte strains which do not produce the compounds responsible for livestock toxicoses offer exciting new possibilities in grassland agriculture. Keywords: invertebrate pests, mycotoxicoses, Neotyphodium lolii, perennial ryegrass, ryegrass staggers
State-space switching model of modular multilevel converters (2013)

This paper presents a comprehensive summary and detailed analysis on the modeling of modular multilevel converters for High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission, and develops a state-space switching model for the now well-known Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC), and also for the more recently developed Alternate Arm Converter (AAC). Various models used for the MMC are firstly discussed, followed by the complete derivation procedure of the state-space switching models of both MMC and AAC. The modeling approach used is based on the premise that only state variable transformations and simple voltage and current equations could be formulated, allowing it to capture all circuital information. The only assumption in the derivation is the ideal nature of the switching devices. The paper presents as well an in-depth analysis of the models developed, comparing the MMC and AAC at their most fundamental level of operation.
Operational Space Control of Constrained and Underactuated Systems (2011)

The operational space formulation We would like to apply this useful theory to modern humanoids and other legged systems, for manipulation or similar tasks, however these systems present additional challenges due to their underactuated floating bases and contact states that can dynamically change. In recent work, Sentis et al. derived controllers for such systems by implementing a task Jacobian projected into a space consistent with the supporting constraints and underactuation (the so called support consistent reduced Jacobian). Here, we take a new approach to derive operational space controllers for constrained underactuated systems, by first considering the operational space dynamics within projected inverse-dynamics (Aghili, 2005), and subsequently resolving underactuation through the addition of dynamically consistent control torques. Doing so results in a simplified control solution compared with previous results, and importantly yields several new insights into the underlying problem of operational space control in constrained environments: 1) Underactuated systems, such as humanoid robots, cannot in general completely decouple task and null-space dynamics. However, 2) there may exist an infinite number of control solutions to realize desired task-space dynamics, and 3) these solutions involve the addition of dynamically consistent null-space motion or constraint forces (or combinations of both). In light of these findings, we present several possible control solutions, with varying optimization criteria, and highlight some of their practical consequences.
Pandemic influenza virus vaccines boost hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibody responses in primed adult and pediatric cohorts (2019)

Licensed influenza virus vaccines target the head domain of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein which undergoes constant antigenic drift. The highly conserved HA stalk domain is an attractive target to increase immunologic breadth required for universal influenza virus vaccines. We tested the hypothesis that immunization with a pandemic influenza virus vaccine boosts pre-existing anti-stalk antibodies. We used chimeric cH6/1, full length H2 and H18 HA antigens in an ELISA to measure anti-stalk antibodies in recipients participating in clinical trials of A/H1N1, A/H5N1 and A/H9N2 vaccines. The vaccines induced high titers of anti-H1 stalk antibodies in adults and children, with higher titers elicited by AS03-adjuvanted vaccines. We also observed cross-reactivity to H2 and H18 HAs. The A/H9N2 vaccine elicited plasmablast and memory B-cell responses. Post-vaccination serum from vaccinees protected mice against lethal challenge with cH6/1N5 and cH5/3N4 viruses. These findings support the concept of a chimeric HA stalk-based universal influenza virus vaccine. clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02415842.