gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Label-free and highly sensitive optical imaging of detailed microcirculation within meninges and cortex in mice with the cranium left intact (2010)

We demonstrate for the first time that the detailed blood flow distribution within intracranial dura mater and cortex can be visualized by an ultrahigh sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG). The study uses an UHS-OMAG system operating at 1310 nm with an imaging speed at 150 frames per second that requires approximately 10 s to complete one 3-D scan of approximately 2.5 x 2.5 mm(2). The system is sensitive to blood flow with a velocity ranging from approximately 4 microms to approximately 23 mms. We show superior performance of UHS-OMAG in providing functional images of capillary level microcirculation within meninges in mice with the cranium left intact, the results of which correlate well with the standard dural histopathology.
Optimal One-Wafer Cyclic Scheduling of Hybrid Multirobot Cluster Tools With Tree Topology (2016)

A hybrid multirobot cluster tool is composed of both single and dual-arm robotic cluster tools. Since the behavior of different individual tools is different, it is very challenging to coordinate their activities in such a tool and to schedule it optimally. To find a one-wafer cyclic schedule to reach the shortest cycle time for a treelike hybrid multirobot cluster tool whose bottleneck tool is process-bound, this paper extends resource-oriented Petri nets to model it such that a schedule can be parameterized by its robots' waiting time. Based on the model, this paper then establishes the conditions under which there is a one-wafer cyclic schedule such that the shortest cycle time can be obtained. An efficient algorithm is also given to test the existence of such a schedule and to find it if existing. At last, examples are used to illustrate the proposed approaches.
Ultrafast optical switching and power limiting in intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces (2021)

Highly nonlinear optical materials with fast third-order nonlinear optical response are crucial for the operation of all-optical photonic devices, such as switches for signal processing and computation, power limiters, and saturable absorbers. The nonlinear response of traditional optical materials is weak, thus requiring large light intensities to induce significant changes in their properties. Here we show that optical control of the coupling rate in subwavelength patch antennas coupled to intersubband transitions in multi-quantum-well semiconductor heterostructures can provide a giant third-order nonlinear response, on the order of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>3.4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , with a response time <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">p</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . We utilize this effect to realize intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces and demonstrate their operation as highly nonlinear saturable and reverse saturable absorbers, enabling optical power limiters and other elements for all-optical modulation and control. Our approach enables a plethora of compact, low-power, highly nonlinear devices with spectral, temporal, and structured wavefront responses tailored by design.
Discrete axial rebinning for time-of-flight PET (2006)

Recent developments in PET allow the measurement of the time-of-flight (TOF) difference between the two coincident photons with a resolution between 500 ps and 1 ns FWHM. This information leads to improved signal-to-noise ratio when imaging large patients [Ref. l]-[Ref. 4], see [Ref. 5] for additional references. The additional TOF measurement also has some side benefits, including faster convergence of iterative reconstruction algorithms and, when working with histogrammed data, an improved robustness to angular undersampling. The latter property has been exploited to reduce the number of axial and transaxial angular samples without compromising spatial resolution, thereby allowing a significant acceleration of fully 3D iterative reconstruction. This work pursues the study of 2D rebinning for TOF-PET. We investigate algorithms in which rebinning is performed separately for each axial plane parallel to the axis of the scanner, that is, for each pair of sinogram variables (s, phi). Such algorithms will be called axial rebinning algorithms. The TOF-SSRB method, for example, belongs to that family. Axial rebinning algorithms are attractive because they can be applied directly to the raw (s,phi) samples defined by the transaxial arrangement of the detectors in each ring. This eliminates the need to pre-interpolate the data on a grid of uniformly spaced s samples (the arc correction) or to fill gaps in the data due to missing detectors. In addition, maintaining the native (s, phi) sampling should allow a more accurate modeling of the transaxial point-spread-function (PSF) during 2D iterative reconstruction. The goal of this work, therefore, is to develop axial rebinning algorithms that are more accurate than TOF-SSRB. Two approaches are explored: an analytical approach (section II) and a discrete approach (section III).
Cobalt Activation of Bacillus BR449 Thermostable Nitrile Hydratase Expressed in Escherichia coli (2001)

Expression of nitrile hydratase enzymes utilized in a new "green" process for acrylamide production has proven difficult in Escherichia coli owing to lack of a cobalt transport system to introduce the required cobalt ion into this host. We describe the expression of a thermostable nitrile hydratase from a moderate thermophile Bacillus sp. BR449 in E. coliin which the cobalt required for enzyme activation is introduced by incubation of the apoenzyme in the presence of Co++ ion at 50 degrees C, yielding active and thermostable enzyme.
Synthesis and properties of diadamantyl-containing symmetric diureas as target-oriented inhibitors of human soluble epoxide hydrolase (2016)

A series of target-oriented competitive inhibitors of human soluble epoxide hydrolase have been synthesized. The compounds retain the inhibitory properties at concentrations down to 4 nM. Based on the results of molecular modeling, it has been shown that the high inhibitory activity of this series of compounds is achieved by a unique mode of the binding to the active site of the enzyme.
Impact of hemodialysis on the concentrations of sodium and potassium during infusion of sodium thiosulfate using an In Vitro hemodialysis model (2019)

Our study demonstrates that neither potassium nor sodium accumulated in circulating blood surrogate solution when a dose of sodium thiosulfate was infused in conjunction with hemodialysis.
Cinchona‐Derived Picolinamides: Effective Organocatalysts for Stereoselective Imine Hydrosilylation (2014)

Abstract Picolinamide–cinchona organocatalysts for the successful enantioselective reduction of ketomines were developed. For the first time, a new type of chiral Lewis base, a cationic species, is reported to efficiently organocatalyze the addition of trichlorosilane to imines. Excellent yields with good to high enantioselectivities (up to 91 %) were obtained in the reduction of differently substituted substrates. Noteworthy, remarkably high turnover frequencies for the hydrosilylation of imines were observed; the catalyst of choice proved to be active even at a loading of only 1 mol‐%. The loading was further reduced to 0.5 mol‐%, and for very short reaction times (15 min) very impressive asymmetric catalyst efficiency speed values were reached.
SIMD-based decoding of posting lists (2011)

Powerful SIMD instructions in modern processors offer an opportunity for greater search performance. In this paper, we apply these instructions to decoding search engine posting lists. We start by exploring variable-length integer encoding formats used to represent postings. We define two properties, byte-oriented and byte-preserving, that characterize many formats of interest. Based on their common structure, we define a taxonomy that classifies encodings along three dimensions, representing the way in which data bits are stored and additional bits are used to describe the data. Using this taxonomy, we discover new encoding formats, some of which are particularly amenable to SIMD-based decoding. We present generic SIMD algorithms for decoding these formats. We also extend these algorithms to the most common traditional encoding format. Our experiments demonstrate that SIMD-based decoding algorithms are up to 3 times faster than non-SIMD algorithms.
Geometric VLAD for Large Scale Image Search (2014)

We present a novel compact image descriptor for large scale image search. Our proposed descriptor - Geometric VLAD (gVLAD) is an extension of VLAD (Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors) that incorporates weak geometry information into the VLAD framework. The proposed geometry cues are derived as a membership function over keypoint angles which contain evident and informative information but yet often discarded. A principled technique for learning the membership function by clustering angles is also presented. Further, to address the overhead of iterative codebook training over real-time datasets, a novel codebook adaptation strategy is outlined. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of proposed gVLAD based retrieval framework where we achieve more than 15% improvement in mAP over existing benchmarks.
Prospective Testing and Redesign of a Temporal Biomarker Based Risk Model for Patients With Septic Shock: Implications for Septic Shock Biology (2015)

The temporal version of the pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model (tPERSEVERE) estimates the risk of a complicated course in children with septic shock based on biomarker changes from days 1 to 3 of septic shock. We validated tPERSEVERE performance in a prospective cohort, with an a priori plan to redesign tPERSEVERE if it did not perform well. Biomarkers were measured in the validation cohort (n = 168) and study subjects were classified according to tPERSEVERE. To redesign tPERSEVERE, the validation cohort and the original derivation cohort (n = 299) were combined and randomly allocated to training (n = 374) and test (n = 93) sets. tPERSEVERE was redesigned using the training set and CART methodology. tPERSEVERE performed poorly in the validation cohort, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.58-0.75). Failure analysis revealed potential confounders related to clinical characteristics. The redesigned tPERSEVERE model had an AUC of 0.83 (0.79-0.87) and a sensitivity of 93% (68-97) for estimating the risk of a complicated course. Similar performance was seen in the test set. The classification tree segregated patients into two broad endotypes of septic shock characterized by either excessive inflammation or immune suppression.
Big metadata (2021)

The rapid emergence of cloud data warehouses like Google BigQuery has redefined the landscape of data analytics. With the growth of data volumes, such systems need to scale to hundreds of EiB of data in the near future. This growth is accompanied by an increase in the number of objects stored and the amount of metadata such systems must manage. Traditionally, Big Data systems have tried to reduce the amount of metadata in order to scale the system, often compromising query performance. In Google BigQuery, we built a metadata management system that demonstrates that massive scale can be achieved without such tradeoffs. We recognized the benefits that fine grained metadata provides for query processing and we built a metadata system to manage it effectively. We use the same distributed query processing and data management techniques that we use for managing data to handle Big metadata. Today, BigQuery uses these techniques to support queries over billions of objects and their metadata.
Parallel architectures for multirate superresolution spectrum analyzers (1991)

The authors develop parallel architectures for implementing matrix-based superresolution spectral estimation algorithms for situations that required high levels of resolution commensurate with large coherent apertures and large sample orders. The featured architectures couple matrix-based superresolution algorithms together with a front-end multirate decimation processor. This procedure creates parallel pseudo-apertures corresponding to different subbands of the temporal (or spatial) frequency spectrum. The overall superresolution of the large aperture is maintained. Simulations applying the large array architectures to the Tufts-Kumaresan reduced-rank modified covariance algorithm and the linear-minimum-free-energy/regularized form of the modified covariance algorithm are given for 1024-element coherent apertures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Error-Free Operation in a Hybrid-Silicon Quantum Dot Comb Laser (2017)

We investigate amplitude noise in a wafer-bonded quantum dot laser on silicon. Error-free operation at room temperature and under continuous current injection in the three highest-power channels is observed with a signal-to-noise ratio of 11.5 dB or larger. These devices are attractive candidates as an optical engine for interconnects in next-generation data centers and exascale computers.
Implementing an Inference Engine for RDFS/OWL Constructs and User-Defined Rules in Oracle (2008)

This inference engines are an integral part of semantic data stores. In this paper, we describe our experience of implementing a scalable inference engine for Oracle semantic data store. This inference engine computes production rule based entailment of one or more RDFS/OWL encoded semantic data models. The inference engine capabilities include (i) inferencing based on semantics of RDFS/OWL constructs and user-defined rules, (ii) computing ancillary information (namely, semantic distance and proof) for inferred triples, and (iii) validation of semantic data model based on RDFS/OWL semantics. A unique aspect of our approach is that the inference engine is implemented entirely as a database application on top of Oracle database. The paper describes the inferencing requirements, challenges in supporting a sufficiently expressive set of RDFS/OWL constructs, and techniques adopted to build a scalable inference engine. A performance study conducted using both native and synthesized semantic datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Association Control in Mobile Wireless Networks (2008)

As mobile nodes roam in a wireless network, they continuously associate with different access points and perform handoff operations. However, frequent handoffs can potentially incur unacceptable delays and even interruptions for interactive applications. To alleviate these negative impacts, we present novel association control algorithms that can minimize the frequency of handoffs occurred to mobile devices. Specifically, we show that a greedy LookAhead algorithm is optimal in the offline setting, where the user's future mobility is known. Inspired by such optimality, we further propose two online algorithms, namely LookBack and Track, that operate without any future mobility information. Instead, they seek to predict the lifetime of an association using randomization and statistical approaches, respectively. We evaluate the performance of these algorithms using both analysis and trace-driven simulations. The results show that the simple LookBack algorithm has surprisingly a competitive ratio .of (log k + 2), where k is the maximum number of APs that a user can hear at any time, and the Track algorithm can achieve near-optimal performance in practical scenarios.
Malarone (atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride): a review of its clinical development for treatment of malaria. Malarone Clinical Trials Study Group. (1999)

The continuing spread of drug-resistant malaria emphasizes the need for new antimalarial drugs. Atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drug with a novel mechanism of action, via inhibition of parasite mitochondrial electron transport, and a favorable safety profile. Early studies with atovaquone alone for treatment of malaria demonstrated good initial control of parasitemia but an unacceptable rate of recrudescent parasitemia. Parasites isolated during recrudescence after treatment with atovaquone alone were resistant to atovaquone in vitro. The combination of atovaquone and proguanil is synergistic in vitro, and clinical studies demonstrated enhanced efficacy of the combination compared to either drug alone for treatment of malaria. Malarone, a fixed-dose combination of 250 mg of atovaquone and 100 mg of proguanil hydrochloride, is available in many countries for treatment of acute, uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. At the recommended dose (in adults, four tablets once a day for three days), the overall cure rate was > 98% in more than 500 patients with falciparum malaria. In four randomized, controlled clinical trials, treatment with atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride was significantly more effective than mefloquine (Thailand), amodiaquine (Gabon), chloroquine (Peru and the Philippines) or chloroquine plus pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (Philippines). In clinical trials where the comparator drug was highly effective, treatment with atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride was equally effective. Parasites isolated during recrudescence after treatment with the combination of atovaquone and proguanil were not resistant to atovaquone in vitro. The most commonly reported adverse events in clinical trials (abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and coughing) occurred with similar frequency in patients treated with a comparator drug. Malarone is a safe and effective new agent for treatment of malaria.
Nanometer scale light focusing with high cavity-enhanced output (2009)

Efficient nanoscale optical focusing is demonstrated in double-structured thin metallic films supporting both surface plasmons and cavity eigenmodes. Numerical simulations show that efficient mode coupling can dramatically enhance the transmission of a subwavelength slit. For a spot size of ∼λ/10, the cavity induced enhancement is about an order of magnitude, leading to a final structure output (transmitted power/incident power) of ∼30%. Results are discussed in terms of cavity-slit mode matching and photon trapping within the cavity.
Fiberless multicolor optoelectrodes using Injection Laser Diodes and Gradient-index lens coupled optical waveguides (2015)

We present an integrated optoelectrode that can deliver multicolor light from a waveguide coupled to an optical mixer. Such a device can provide spatial precision and scalability needed to enable independent activation and silencing of local neural circuits, allowing study of brain activities such as memory consolidation networks in the hippocampus. We have demonstrated successful implementation of fiber-less optoelectrodes in a highly compact form by achieving efficient end-fire coupling between a side-emitting injection laser diode (ILD) and a dielectric channel waveguide via a Gradient-index (GRIN) lens. Total optical efficiency achieved for 405nm and 635nm wavelengths through an optical mixer was 12.2% and 5.4%, respectively. This approach also provides robust thermal packaging by efficiently managing thermal power loss of ILDs.
Performance of a Foil-Magnetic Hybrid Bearing (2000)

To meet the advanced bearing needs of modern turbomachinery, a hybrid foil-magnetic hybrid bearing system was designed, fabricated and tested in a test rig designed to simulate the rotor dynamics of a small gas turbine engine (31 kN to 53 kN thrust class). This oil-free bearing system combines the excellent low and zero-speed capabilities of the magnetic bearing with the high load capacity and high speed performance of the compliant foil bearing. An experimental program is described which documents the capabilities of the bearing system for sharing load during operation at up to 30,000 RPM and the foil bearing component’s ability to function as a back-up in case of magnetic bearing failure. At an operating speed of 22,000 RPM, loads exceeding 5300 N were carried by the system. This load sharing could be manipulated by an especially designed electronic control algorithm. In all tests, rotor excursions were small and stable. During deliberately staged magnetic bearing malfunctions, the foil bearing proved capable of supporting the rotor during continued operation at full load and speed, as well as allowing a safe rotor coast-down. The hybrid system tripled the load capacity of the magnetic bearing alone and can offer a significant reduction in total bearing weight compared to a comparable magnetic bearing.
Human seminal alpha-inhibins: detection in human pituitary, hypothalamus, and serum by immunoreactivity. (1986)

An antiserum generated in rabbits against human seminal alpha-inhibin-52 has been used to develop a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the detection of alpha-inhibins. The alpha-inhibin-52 antiserum reacts with alpha-inhibin-92 and alpha-inhibin-31 with equal avidity. These peptides were found to be present in human pituitary, hypothalamus, and serum. In exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100, the immunoreactive material eluted in a large molecular size region. Immunoblot analysis of column-derived fractions of these extracts revealed the presence of alpha-inhibin-92. The mean concentrations of immunoreactive alpha-inhibin were found to be 7.2 ng/ml in normal adult male serum, 70.3 ng/g (wet weight) of pituitary, and 12.9 ng/g (wet weight) of hypothalamus. This communication reports on the evidence for the existence of gonadal peptides in the brain.
Efficient and scalable data evolution with column oriented databases (2011)

Database evolution is the process of updating the schema of a database or data warehouse (schema evolution) and evolving the data to the updated schema (data evolution). It is often desired or necessitated when changes occur to the data or the query workload, the initial schema was not carefully designed, or more knowledge of the database is known and a better schema is concluded. The Wikipedia database, for example, has had more than 170 versions in the past 5 years [8]. Unfortunately, although much research has been done on the schema evolution part, data evolution has long been a prohibitively expensive process, which essentially evolves the data by executing SQL queries and re-constructing indexes. This prevents databases from being flexibly and frequently changed based on the need and forces schema designers, who cannot afford mistakes, to be highly cautious. Techniques that enable efficient data evolution will undoubtedly make life much easier.
Rigorous Histopathological Assessment of the Colectomy Specimen in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unclassified Does Not Predict Outcome After Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis (2009)

No single atypical histopathological feature of UC, or combination of features, was associated with any adverse pouch outcome after IPAA. There seems to be no value in performing a staged IPAA in IBDU patients.