gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new LDPC decoding algorithm aided by segmented cyclic redundancy checks for magnetic recording channels (2005)

We introduce a new low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoding algorithm that exploits the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of data segments. By using the error detection property of the CRC, we can successively decode data segments of a codeword corrupted by random errors and erasures. The key idea is that the messages from the variable nodes with correct checksum are fixed to deterministic log likelihood ratio values during LDPC iterative decoding. This approach improves the decoding speed and codeword error rate without significant modification of the LDPC decoding structure. Moreover, the CRC is also used for an early stopping criterion of LDPC decoding. Simulation results verify our claims.
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Acetaminophen Extended Release for Treatment of Post-marathon Muscle Soreness (2011)

Acetaminophen ER 1300 mg, a nonprescription drug, was an effective treatment for post-race muscle soreness on the day of the marathon. In addition, acetaminophen ER provided benefit for interference with sleep and overall satisfaction with treatment, and was generally well tolerated.
<title>Stepper stability improvement by a perfect self-calibration system</title> (1994)

This paper describes a new method of self-calibration for use in step-and-repeat projection aligners. In order to obtain a higher alignment accuracy, it is important to decrease all kinds of stepper fluctuations. In conventional aligners an automatic calibration system, that uses a special reticle for calibration, was proposed. However, the new method uses the usual reticles which have four special small marks on the surrounding region of the device pattern area. Furthermore, only a small detector embedded in the portion of the wafer stage is required for this self-calibration. Therefore, this new system will be implemented easily in any kind of stepper and it can calibrate anytime before exposure. Moreover, the stepper's offsets, such as alignment, focusing, chip rotation and magnification, are all calibrated at the same time. Based on the results, the improvement of the stepper stability is verified in production use level. Moreover, the use of this system for stepper control can also improve stepper through-put.
Combined blockade of AT1-receptors and ACE synergistically potentiates antihypertensive effects in SHR (2004)

Since synergy was observed only after combining low doses of ramipril and candesartan-cilexetil, prospective clinical trials should be performed on a low-dose combination, revealing the antihypertensive/antiproliferative benefits.
Transfection with mRNA for CD19 Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Restores Natural Killer Cell Mediated Killing of CLL Cells. (2007)

Abstract B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the western world and is characterized by monoclonal proliferation of functionally deficient lymphocytes, with relative decrease in T and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Available monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies elicit a response in almost half of the patients, but durable remissions are rare. B-CLL cells are virtually impervious to T and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. However, a feasible approach to overcome this resistance is to redirect the specificity of T or NK cells by making them express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). Such a method has been successfully tested in NK cells against a number of CD19-expressing cells; however the loading of cells with CD19-CAR relied on retrovirus-based transfection methods. We describe here a non-retroviral method for obtaining NK cells expressing high levels of CD19-CAR, based on electroporation of messenger RNA (mRNA). We used a CAR that is comprised of the single chain Fv portion of a mouse mAb against CD19 fused to the signaling intracellular domain of CD3ζ subunit. The corresponding cDNA was subcloned by PCR into a plasmid allowing T7-dependant mRNA synthesis. In vitro synthesis of the CD19-CAR mRNA was followed by a poly-adenylated tail elongation step in order to improve in vivo stability and translation of the messenger. Electroporation of NK-92 cells with this construct, using a Biorad GenePulser II apparatus, yields up to 78% expression efficiency and as high as 90% cell survival. Cytotoxicity of transfected NK-92 cells was tested against 3 target cell lines (NK sensitive, CD19 negative K562; CD19 expressing, NK resistant REH and SUPB15) as well as primary CLL cells from 6 untreated patients. A non-radioactive fluorochrome-based flow cytometric assay was used to determine NK-mediated cytotoxicity, at effector to target (E:T) ratios ranging from 1:1 to 10:1. Expression of the CD19-CAR on the surface of NK-92 cells do not change their cytolytic properties against K562: 70% ±5% killing compared to 74% ±2% killing for non-transfected NK-92, (E:T ratio of 10:1). Expression of CD19-CAR in NK-92 cells completely overcomes the resistance of REH and SUPB15 cell lines: 76% ±7% and 73% ±5% killing respectively, compared to 21% ±10% and 18% ±7% killing respectively with non-transfected NK-92 (E:T ratio of 10:1). Moreover, previously resistant primary CLL cells became highly sensitive to lysis by NK-92 expressing CD19-CAR: 46–82% killing, as opposed to 7–22% killing for non-transfected NK-92 (E:T ratio of 10:1). These results show that NK cells can be engineered using mRNA transfection by electroporation to target and effectively kill resistant primary CLL cells.
Automated crop plant counting from very high-resolution aerial imagery (2020)

Abstract Knowing before harvesting how many plants have emerged and how they are growing is key in optimizing labour and efficient use of resources. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a useful tool for fast and cost efficient data acquisition. However, imagery need to be converted into operational spatial products that can be further used by crop producers to have insight in the spatial distribution of the number of plants in the field. In this research, an automated method for counting plants from very high-resolution UAV imagery is addressed. The proposed method uses machine vision—Excess Green Index and Otsu’s method—and transfer learning using convolutional neural networks to identify and count plants. The integrated methods have been implemented to count 10 weeks old spinach plants in an experimental field with a surface area of 3.2 ha. Validation data of plant counts were available for 1/8 of the surface area. The results showed that the proposed methodology can count plants with an accuracy of 95% for a spatial resolution of 8 mm/pixel in an area up to 172 m 2 . Moreover, when the spatial resolution decreases with 50%, the maximum additional counting error achieved is 0.7%. Finally, a total amount of 170 000 plants in an area of 3.5 ha with an error of 42.5% was computed. The study shows that it is feasible to count individual plants using UAV-based off-the-shelf products and that via machine vision/learning algorithms it is possible to translate image data in non-expert practical information.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cutaneous Neoplasms: Clinicopathologic Correlation (1991)

Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to be clinically useful, in selected cases, in patients with melanocytic skin lesions. This report describes good resolution, clinically useful MRI scans of squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibroma, and primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. The tumor depth measured by MRI was in excellent correlation with Breslow's depth measurements, indicating that MRI is probably the radiologic technique of choice for preoperative evaluation of the extent and depth of primary and recurrent skin tumors. This report also provides the authors' recommendations for obtaining optimal MRI images of cutaneous lesions.
Structural DNA Nanotechnology: Growing Along with <i>Nano Letters</i> (2010)

During the past decade, the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has grown enormously, not only in the number of its participants but also qualitatively in its capabilities. A number of goals evident in 2001 have been achieved: These include the extension of self-assembled crystalline systems from 2D to 3D and the achievement of 2D algorithmic assembly. A variety of nanoscale walking devices have been developed. A key unanticipated development was the advent of DNA origami, which has vastly expanded the scale of addressable DNA structures. Nanomechanical devices have been incorporated into 2D arrays, and into 2D origami structures, as well, leading to capture systems and to a nanomechanical assembly line. DNA has been used to scaffold non-DNA species, so that one of its key goals has been achieved. Biological replication of DNA nanostructures with simple topologies has also been accomplished. The increase in the number of participants in the enterprise holds great promise for the coming decade.
<title>Scattering properties of very rough surfaces: application to brightness measurement of common objects</title> (1993)

The visual aspect of products meant for the general public is becoming an equally important criterium for their commercial success as their technical qualities and their cost. In most cases, the aesthetic quality of products is visually assessed by experienced people whose judgement is considered as a reference.This procedure has two major disadvantages: i) This visual estimation is entirely related to individual sensitivity and cannot be quantified. Only a comparative analysis is possible and requires a sufficient range of reference samples which are indispensable for this evaluation. ii) This visual evaluation concerns the global evaluation of the appearance and cannot dissociate with entire precision the roles of different parametres such as the color, the luminosity, the form and the shine of the surface. .. It is therefore rather difficult to point out possible modifications that could be brought to the process of fabrication in order to improve the aesthetic quality of the products. To be freed from the restrictions of visual inspection, the industrial world tries to endow itself with systematic procedures and instruments for physical measurement that evaluate the visual aspect of the surfaces. The study that we propose here belongs to this field of research, and applies more particularly to the measuring of the brightness of plastic pieces the surface of which presents an undulation of less than a millimetre deep (skin profile). In the first part of this study, we shallpropose a systematic analysis of visual aspect which four different and independant criteria defines. We shall explain why traditional methods for the measurement of scattering cannot be applied to such wavy surfaces. The material BRDF (Bidirectionnal Reflection Distribution Function) must be estimated from the analysis of their roughness by the means of established scattering models, such as that of Beckmann and Spizzichino. Secondly we shall introduce the procedure that we have developed in order to analyze the visual aspect of plastic samples, through confocal microscopy and image processing. A low magnification analysis allows one to measure the skin contours of the surfaces and to infer the local surface orientation which determines the exact values of the incidence and observation angles. A second analysis, with high magnification and an adequate image processing software, enables the extraction of the microroughness responsible for the scattering, and one can then evaluate the scattering properties of the material. Finally,the combination of the properties of scattering and of the local orientation of the surface allows the prediction of the degree of visibility of the skin profile of the surface. The statistical distribution of the measured parametres is also taken into account.
On the Performance of Random Beamforming in Sparse Millimeter Wave Channels (2016)

The performance of random beamforming (RBF) with partial channel state information (CSI) feedback is investigated here for millimeter wave (mmWave) multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) downlink systems using the uniform random multipath (UR-MP) channel model. In particular, the required number of users in the cell for RBF to yield linear sum rate scaling with respect to the number of transmit antennas is identified under the UR-MP channel model for different levels of channel sparsity. Then, the problem of user scheduling in MU-MISO downlink is considered when the number of users in the cell is not sufficiently large (sparse user regime) for the system to operate in the identified sufficient user regime. By exploiting the sparsity of mmWave radio channels, several user scheduling algorithms based on beam aggregation with reasonable amount of feedback are proposed for the sparse user regime. Our numerical results show that the proposed algorithms yield very good sum-rate performance in sparse mmWave channels.
Phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolaemia: an update (2002)

Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia is among the most common inherited dominant disorders, and is characterized by severely elevated LDL-cholesterol levels and premature cardiovascular disease. Although the cause of familial hypercholesterolaemia is monogenic, there is a substantial variation in the onset and severity of atherosclerotic disease symptoms. Additional atherogenic risk factors of environmental, metabolic and genetic origin, in conjunction with the LDL receptor defect, are presumed to influence the clinical phenotype in familial hypercholesterolaemia. The present review discusses recent developments in this field.
Graphene Nanoribbons by Chemists: Nanometer‐Sized, Soluble, and Defect‐Free (2011)

Den Reißverschluss schließen: Bei dem hier vorgestellten Verfahren zur organischen Bottom-up-Synthese defektfreier Graphen-Nanobänder in Lösung ermöglichen Polyphenylenvorstufen mit einem einzigartigen geknickten Gerüst durch eine intramolekulare Scholl-Reaktion mit FeCl3 eine vollständige Cyclodehydrierung in einem einzigen Reaktionsschritt (siehe Schema). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
LIGHTWEIGHT, FLEXIBLE, MONOLITHIC ON CONTINOUS POLYMER SUBSTRATES THIN-FILM AMORPHOUS SILICAN MODULES (1996)

Iowa Thin Film Technologies, Inc. (ITFT) has developed, in co operation with Iowa State University (ISU) and the State of Iowa, a lightweight, flexible, monolithic thin-Film amorphous silicon module for electrical power generation. The solar modules are made using a roll-to-roll manufacturing process. The polyimide web substrate is 2 mils (0.05 mm) thick, 13 inches (33 cm) wide, and up to 2400 feet (732 m) long. The automated module manufacturing equipment can custom fabricate solar modules of a specified voltage and current for a given module area, using a method of monolithic creation and interconnection of solar cells on the substrate. Typical performance is five watts peak power per ft2 (0.094 m2) of module in bright sunlight.
An Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Heavy Plates Hot Rolled (2002)

An artificial neural network(ANN) of predicting mechanical properties is presented,and the predicted values are compared with measured data.On the basis of above work,process parameters are optimized by using the ANN.The results show that the ANN can not only predict mechanical properties but also optimize process parameters in hot rolling.
Preliminary investigation of soil chemical and physical properties associated with type‐I fairy ring symptoms in turfgrass (2007)

Abstract Fairy ring is a common disease of turfgrasses worldwide, and necrotic or severely injured turfgrass and soil water repellency are frequently observed in those turfgrass sites exhibiting type‐I fairy ring symptoms. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties associated with type‐I fairy ring symptoms in turfgrass. Soil samples were obtained from type‐I fairy ring symptoms on two golf course fairways and one lawn area. Soil analysis from all the three locations revealed concentrations of ammonium–nitrogen, potassium, and sulphur were statistically higher in soil underlying necrotic or bare zones versus soil in healthy turfgrass zones. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) also was higher, while volumetric soil water content was consistently lower in necrotic zones versus soil under healthy turfgrass. Soil water repellency was considered moderate to severe in necrotic zones and mostly wettable to subcritical repellency in soil underlying healthy turfgrass. Soil pH, total nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and organic matter content (OM) levels were not consistently different among necrotic and healthy turfgrass zones. The necrotic zones of those type‐I fairy ring areas in turfgrass were most likely associated with a combination of direct and indirect effects of the basidiomycete fungi on soil hydrophobicity and the accumulation of potentially phytotoxic compounds in the turfgrass root zone. Further research is needed to explore the interaction of basidiomycete fungi and the soil chemical and physical environment on turfgrass, and evaluate practices and strategies to control type‐I fairy ring symptoms in turfgrass. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carrier-envelope offset phase-locking with attosecond timing jitter (2003)

Inside a femtosecond laser oscillator, no coupling mechanism between the propagation speeds of the carrier and the pulse envelope exists. Therefore, the relative delay between carrier and envelope of a femtosecond oscillator will exhibit irregular fluctuations unless this jitter is actively suppressed. Both intensity and beam pointing fluctuations in the laser can introduce carrier-envelope phase changes. Based on our analysis, we are capable of reducing or avoiding certain mechanisms by proper design of the laser cavity. We use such an optimized cavity to stabilize the carrier envelope-phase to an external reference oscillator with a long-term residual jitter corresponding to only 10 attoseconds in a (100 kHz-0.01 Hz) bandwidth. This is the smallest long-term timing jitter of a femtosecond laser oscillator demonstrated to date. However, it is important to note that this stabilization was obtained with an f-to-2f heterodyne technique using additional external spectral broadening in a microstructure fiber which introduces additional carrier-envelope phase noise. We present a direct heterodyne measurement of this additional carrier-envelope phase noise due to the continuum generation process.
Mouse DNA contamination in human tissue tested for XMRV (2010)

These results show that contamination with mouse DNA is widespread and detectable by the highly sensitive IAP assay, but not always with less sensitive assays, such as murine mtDNA PCR. This study highlights the ubiquitous presence of mouse DNA in laboratory specimens and offers a means of rigorous validation for future studies of murine retroviruses in human disease.
Evaluation of a Thin-film Peripheral Nerve Cuff Electrode (1995)

This is a study of the reaction of large nerves to implantation using a flexible, thin-film cuff electrode. Cuff electrodes were implanted on the sciatic nerve of three cats. An implantation period of six weeks allowed sufficient time for any injury responses in the nerve and connective tissue sheath around the cuff to develop. The electrode came off the nerve in one of the cats. In the remaining two cats, gross observation following explantation of the electrodes revealed encapsulation of the cuffs without swelling of nerve tissue. Histological evaluation did not demonstrate nerve injury. The nerve cuff electrodes, which are comprised of titanium and iridium coatings on a fluorocarbon polymer substrate, appeared unaffected by the implantation, and connective tissue encapsulation did not adhere to either the polymer substrate or metallization. Evaluation of the electrodes using activated iridium oxide charge injection sites in more extended studies is now being undertaken.
Active Cancellation Stealth Technology Analysis and Verification in Experiment (2019)

As a Radar Countermeasure technique, Active cancellation could further decrease the radar detection probability of a stealthy target in some interest directions accomplishing with some traditional stealth techniques. According to radar equation, the received power of radar from the scattering of the target is positively linearly relative to the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the target. The traditional stealth techniques aim at reducing the RCS by shaping and materials, but the active methods center the parameters of radar wave. Practically, there are many difficulties such as the real time signal measurement, the accurate anti-signal production, etc. In this paper, a type of structure of active cancellation system is proposed, and verified by measurement results its technique indexes This paper designs, and. At last, a verification experiment system and the confirm our conclusions about active cancellation stealth technology.
4,5-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]quinoxalines: A Tunable and Regenerable Biomimetic Hydrogen Source (2014)

A series of tunable and regenerable biomimetic hydrogen sources, 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines, have been synthesized and applied in biomimetic asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-aryl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazines and 1-alkyl-3-aryl-quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, providing the chiral amines with up to 92% and 89% ee, respectively.
Governing energy for parked cars (2013)

Vehicular networks offer service coverage for urban environments that would otherwise be too expensive for infrastructure-based networks to provide. While many services have already been proposed based on collaboration between moving cars, the inclusion of parked cars in these systems extends their reach, coverage and stability. However, despite the presence of a large car battery, cars still suffer from limited energy availability when they are parked. Essentially, if there is not enough energy to power the system for the whole duration of the stop, energy must be saved by shutting down the services for part of the stop duration. In this paper, we propose an energy management framework that governs the energy provisioning of a service. Our governor guarantees the most effective energy utilization for the system, requiring minimum effort from the service designers to attach to the system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our governor through simulation of our LoadingZones Internet connectivity service and the feasibility of the architecture through the evaluation of our prototype system.