gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual stator winding induction machine drive (2000)

A new dual stator winding induction machine drive is described in this paper. The proposed induction machine consists of a standard squirrel-cage rotor and a stator with two separate windings wound for a dissimilar number of poles. Each stator winding is fed from an independent variable-frequency variable-voltage inverter. The proposed drive offers such advantages as speed sensorless operation, better reliability, and more flexibility to manipulate the resultant torque-speed curve of the motor. In the proposed drive, zero-speed operation is achieved by independently controlling the two sets of stator currents, hence, maintaining a minimum electrical frequency independent of the mechanical speed. This feature is especially important to minimize the negative impact of the stator resistance influence at low-speed operation and it greatly simplifies the implementation of speed sensorless control schemes. The drive is well suited for either constant volts per hertz or field-oriented (FO) operation. Circulating harmonic currents, common to most dual stator machines, are eliminated by the dissimilar pole number in each stator winding.
Native Chemical Ligation with Aspartic and Glutamic Acids as <i>C</i>‐Terminal Residues: Scope and Limitations (2003)

Abstract A new side reaction during Native Chemical Ligation (NCL) at aspartic and glutamic acid/cysteine ligation sites is reported. To exploit NCL at these sites, test peptides having either a C ‐terminal unprotected aspartyl or glutamyl thioester were ligated with a peptide containing an N ‐terminal free cysteine generating, in each case, two major compounds having equal masses but different retention times by HPLC analysis. Comparison of these ligation products with reference peptides of identical sequence synthesized by total SPPS (solid phase peptide synthesis) with both natural and unnatural backbones at the cysteinyl residue is in agreement with the hypothesis of migration of the thioester moiety on the side chain carboxyl group of both C ‐terminal Asp and Glu residues. Enzymatic digestion of the purified ligation products with a V8‐protease further confirmed the nature of the side reaction, with a total resistance of the non‐natural backbone peptide to the protease. To overcome this problem the use of a protecting group stable to both HF cleavage and ligation conditions, but removable after ligation, became a necessity. A series of side‐chain protected derivatives were selected, specifically 9‐fluorenylmethyl ester (OFm), (phenylsulfonyl)ethyl ester (OPse), 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl ester (OTce), and phenacyl esters (OPac). For the glutamic acid, OPse gave the best results, generating the correct peptide and avoiding the isomerization at the γ‐carboxyl group. In the case of the aspartic residue, all the protecting groups were removed under basic conditions, worsening the problem and generating, for example, 70% yield of the β‐isomer after OFm deprotection. This prompted us to propose a protecting group derived from the phenacyl ester 1‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl ester (OMop). This protecting group showed greater stability during the ligation reaction than OPac and OTce, and was easily removed by Zn/acetic acid reduction after the ligation step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
An <i>In Vivo</i> Reporter to Quantitatively and Temporally Analyze the Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitor-Based Therapies in Melanoma (2016)

Aberrant cell-cycle progression is a hallmark feature of cancer cells. Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) drive progression through the G1 stage of the cell cycle, at least in part, by inactivating the tumor suppressor, retinoblastoma. CDK4/6 are targetable and the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, was recently FDA approved for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. In cutaneous melanoma, driver mutations in NRAS and BRAF promote CDK4/6 activation, suggesting that inhibitors such as palbociclib are likely to provide therapeutic benefit in combination with BRAF inhibitors and/or MEK inhibitors that are FDA-approved. However, the determinants of the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors alone and in combination with other targeted inhibitors are poorly defined. Furthermore, in vivo systems to quantitatively and temporally measure the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors and determine the extent that CDK activity is reactivated during acquired resistance are lacking. Here, we describe the heterogeneous effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors, the expression of antiapoptotic proteins that associate with response to CDK4/6 and MEK inhibitors, and the development of a luciferase-based reporter system to determine the effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors alone and in combination with MEK inhibitors in melanoma xenografts. These findings are likely to inform on-going and future clinical trials utilizing CDK4/6 inhibitors in cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5455-66. ©2016 AACR.
Two-Dimensional Spectral Shearing Interferometry (2DSI) of Few-Cycle Laser Pulses (2007)

We apply the new pulse measurement technique, two-dimensional spectral shearing interferometry, to the characterization of few-cycle laser pulses and discuss its limitations in approaching the single-cycle regime.
PIROGAS - a new process allowing diversification of energy sources for blast furnaces (1983)

The PIROGAS process consists in replacing, in part or in total, the hot blast blown through the blast furnace tuyeres by reducing gas heated to a temperature of about 2000°C. The heating or the overheating and, eventually, the production of the reducing gas, can be achieved directly in the plasma heater. Up to 80% of the coke required for a conventional blast furnace operation can be replaced by substitute fuels. The PIROGAS process makes it possible to optimize the ratio between fossil fuels and electric power consumption to achieve an economic optimum. Trials carried out on an experimental blast furnace have shown that an operation with co'~e consumption as low as 105 kg of coke/ton of hot metal can be easily attained. Furthermore, it appeared during these trials that the quality of the hot metal can be instantaneously modified by appropriate action on reducing gas temperature and composition. Thus, the control of the process becomes easier and more rapid. Trials carried out on a full size commercial blast furnace have confirmed that the plasma heater in no way disturbs the operation of the blast furnace and, reciprocally, the unavoidable fluctuations in blast furnace operation do not perturb the functioning of the plasma heater. Plasma heaters have a high thermal efficiency (80%) and their electrical behaviour is excellent (power factor 0.92; no harmonics).
Comparison of Enzyme Immunoassay and Reverse Transcriptase PCR for Identification of Serotype G9 Rotaviruses (1999)

While only four globally important rotavirus G serotypes (1 to 4) have been documented, many studies suggest that serotype G9 viruses may be widely distributed and more important than previously recognized. We have evaluated 10 serotype G9 rotavirus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to VP7, which bound by direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to P1A[8], G9 rotaviruses F45, WI61, and AU32, for their ability to recognize the New Delhi G9 rotavirus 116E. Only one MAb (MAb F45:1) bound to P[11], G9 virus 116E to a high titer by EIA. This MAb was incorporated into an indirect EIA for G serotyping, which was validated with prototype cultivable human rotaviruses of G types 1 to 4 and 9. The EIA was compared with genotyping by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) under code for the determination of the G types of rotaviruses obtained from neonates in New Delhi, India. The sensitivities of RT-PCR and EIA (after two additional freeze-thaw cycles) for the typing of G9 rotaviruses were 91 and 86%, respectively, for 24 culture-adapted rotavirus strains. The untypeable culture-adapted rotavirus samples also were unreactive with VP7 group antigen-reactive MAb 60. After two additional freeze-thaw cycles, only 26 of 42 (62%) of stools containing rotavirus typed as G9 by RT-PCR were positive for G9 rotavirus by EIA. Stools containing rotavirus untypeable by EIA contained significantly less MAb 60-reactive VP7 antigen (P = 0. 0001) than the stools containing typeable rotavirus. Thus, RT-PCR genotyping was the more sensitive method for determination of G9 type, but a serotype was readily determined in rotavirus samples containing MAb 60-reactive VP7 antigen by an EIA that incorporates MAb F45:1.
High performance dynamic linking through caching (1993)

The Spring Operating System provides high performance dynamic linking of program images. Spring uses caching of both fixed-up program images and partially fixed-up shared libraries to make dynamic linking of program images efficient, to reduce the need for PIC (position-independent code), and to improve page sharing between different program images running the same libraries. The result is that with program image caching, dynamically-linked programs have a start-up cost similar to statically-linked programs regardless of the number of unresolved symbols in dynamically-linked program images and shared libraries. In addition, with library and program image caching, we have reduced the need for PIC and have increased page sharing. 1. Introduction Dynamic linking of shared libraries is used in most modern UNIX â systems. These systems include, among others, SunOS [2] and SVR4 [11]. Dynamic linking has several good properties: . Unresolved symbols in a program do not have to be resolved...
Imaging Algorithm and Measurement Error Impact on Retrievals from the Microwave Single Pixel Imager (MSPI) (2020)

The performance of the imaging algorithm for a single pixel imaging microwave radiometer is discussed in terms of the pixel-by-pixel errors in the retrieved images. There are two limiting factors - the achievable performance of the compressive sensing imaging algorithm itself, and the impact of noisy measurements that feed the algorithm. The limits of the currently used algorithm, in the absence of measurement noise, are provided for four different simulated scenes. Significant improvement is possible through inclusion of a priori information, and is quantified. The key terms for the error budget are discussed and are used to determine an expected value for the noise on measurements with the current configuration. The imaging errors in the presence of this noise are given. Averaging multiple images can reduce the error, and values for averaged images are also given.
High-Contrast Subwavelength Grating Integrated VCSELs with a Large Fabrication Tolerance (2007)

We experimentally demonstrated a very large fabrication tolerance for the high-index-contrast subwavelength grating (HCG) integrated VCSELs, with similar performance over as large as plusmn20% variation in HCG critical dimension.
Iterative cohort analysis and exploration (2014)

Cohort analysis is a widely used technique for the investigation of risk factors for groups of people. It is commonly employed to gain insights about interesting subsets of a population in fields such as medicine, bioinformatics, and social science. The nature of these analyses is evolving as larger collections of data about individuals become available. Examples of emerging large-scale data sources include electronic medical record systems and social network datasets. When domain experts perform cohort analyses using such massive datasets, they typically rely on a team of technologists to help manage and process the data. This results in a slow and cumbersome analysis process in which iterative exploration is difficult. To address this challenge, we are exploring technologies designed to help domain experts work more independently and more quickly. This article describes CAVA, a platform for Cohort Analysis via Visual Analytics. We introduce three primary types of artifacts (cohorts, views, and analytics) and an architecture that connects these elements together to provide an interactive exploratory analysis environment designed for domain experts. In addition to the CAVA design, this article presents two use cases from the health-care domain and a domain-expert evaluation to demonstrate the power of our approach.
Mid-wavelength infrared InAsSb/InSb nBn detector with extended cut-off wavelength (2016)

We extended the cut-off wavelength λc of bulk InAsSb nBn detectors to λc = 4.6 μm at T = 200 K by incorporating series of single InSb monolayer into InAsSb absorber. Detectors with 2 μm thick absorber showed a temperature independent quantum efficiency QEm ≈ 0.45 for back-side illumination without antireflection coating. The dark current density was jd = 5 × 10−6 A/cm2 at T = 150 K, and increased to jd = 2 × 10−3 A/cm2 at T = 200 K. At temperatures of T = 150 K and below, the demonstrated photodetectors operate in the background limited performance mode, with detectivity D*(λ) = 3–6 × 1011 cm Hz0.5/W for the background temperature of 300 K, and f/2 field of view.
Quorum‐sensing non‐coding small RNAs use unique pairing regions to differentially control mRNA targets (2012)

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of cell-cell communication that bacteria use to control collective behaviours including bioluminescence, biofilm formation and virulence factor production. In the Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing circuits, multiple non-coding small regulatory RNAs called the quorum-regulated small RNAs (Qrr sRNAs) function to establish the global quorum-sensing gene expression pattern by modulating translation of multiple mRNAs encoding quorum-sensing regulatory factors. Here we show that the Qrr sRNAs post-transcriptionally activate production of the low cell density master regulator AphA through base pairing to aphA mRNA, and this is crucial for the accumulation of appropriate levels of AphA protein at low cell density. We find that the Qrr sRNAs use unique pairing regions to discriminate between their different targets. Qrr1 is not as effective as Qrr2-5 in activating aphA because Qrr1 lacks one of two required pairing regions. However, Qrr1 is equally effective as the other Qrr sRNAs at controlling targets like luxR and luxO because it harbours all of the required pairing regions for these targets. Sequence comparisons reveal that Vibrionaceae species possessing only qrr1 do not have the aphA gene under Qrr sRNA control. Our findings suggest co-evolving relationships between particular Qrr sRNAs and particular mRNA targets.
Triggered release from peptide‐proteinoid microspheres (2009)

Proteinoid microspheres (PM) are unusual polymers formed by the thermal condensation of amino acids. Although they have been studied for over 60 years, they are only now beginning to garner interest as controlled release agents. Although they are very biocompatible, it has been problematic to design useful triggers that release small molecules from PM interiors. This has severely limited their usefulness. In the present study, short peptides have been successfully incorporated into PMs during their formation. The resulting hybrid peptide-PMs can release their interior content when hydrolyzed by a proteinase. Specifically, if a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavage site peptide is incorporated into a PM, the peptide-PM will release interior contents only in the presence of the MMP recognizing the cleavage peptide. The release rate can be determined by the concentration of the peptide in the PM synthesis mixture. This potentially makes peptide-PMs useful for delivering inhibitors or drugs into acute and chronic wounds, periodontal disease sites, and other disease states involving the fine-tuned regulation of proteinases.
Ten‐Minute Synthesis of Highly Conductive Polymer Nanosheets on Ice Surfaces: Role of Ice Crystallinity (2021)

Conducting polymers have been studied widely over the past decades for use as organic electrode materials owing to their high electrical conductivity and low-cost synthesis. Among the various synthesis methods reported, the recently established ice-assisted approach for developing conducting polymer nanosheets is regarded as an advanced technology that allows for easy fabrication in an eco-friendly manner. However, the role of the crystallinity of the underlying ice surface in determining the physicochemical properties of the conducting polymers remains unclear. Here, the electronic properties and packing structures of polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets formed on ice surfaces are studied by controlling the ice crystallinity. Intriguingly, the crystallinity of the PANI nanosheets resembles that of the ice surfaces, in that the anisotropic growth of the PANI crystals with a face-on orientation occurs preferentially on high-crystalline ice surfaces. In addition, it is found that the development of highly crystalline PANI nanosheets results in efficient charge transport, owing to polaron delocalization in PANI with extended chain conformations and the improvement in the degree of backbone ordering because of the preorganized aniline moieties on the ice surface.
Optimizing the Effectiveness of Incentivized Social Sharing (2017)

Social media has become an important tool for companies interested in increasing the reach of their products and services. Some companies even offer monetary incentives to customers for recommending products to their social circles. However, the effectiveness of such incentives is often hard to optimize due to the large space of incentive parameters and the inherent tradeoff between the incentive attractiveness for the customer and the return on investment for the company. To address this problem, we propose a novel graph evolution model, Me+N model, which provides flexibility in exploring the effect of different incentive parameters on company's profits by capturing the probabilistic nature of customer behavior over time. We look at a specific family of incentives in which customers get a reward if they convince a certain number of friends to purchase a given product. Our analysis shows that simple monetary incentives can be surprisingly effective in social media strategies.
Thermomechanical Characteristics of An SMA Artificial Sphincter (2001)

This paper describes the development of a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator as an artificial sphincter. The artificial sphincter is expected to enable the active bowel movement of patients without the function due to inborn intestinal atresia or medical operations of an artificial anus. The actuator has the functions of a valve; keeping the artificial anus closed at the body temperature and opening it by heating the SMAs. Investigations on thermomechanical properties of the actuator have been carried out.
Deglycosylated ceruloplasmin maintains its enzymatic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuronoprotective properties (2001)

Ceruloplasmin (CP), an important serum antioxidant, is a blue copper glycoprotein with ferroxidase and oxidase activities. Among other physiological actions, plasma CP was shown to protect isolated rat hearts and cultured P19 neurons exposed to oxidative stress conditions, raising the possibility of using this protein in the treatment of cardiac and neuronal diseases related to oxidative damage. However, since therapeutic applications of CP must be compatible with restrictions in the administration of blood derivatives to humans, there is a need to produce the protein by genetic engineering. To help in the choice of adequate expression systems, we undertook this study to determine if the carbohydrate moiety on the protein is essential for its functions. CP was completely deglycosylated using N-glycosidase F under nondenaturing conditions. Deglycosylated CP was found to retain most of the conformational, antioxidant, and enzymatic properties of the native protein in vitro. Moreover, both forms of the protein had similar cardioprotective and neuronoprotective effects against oxidative stress as evaluated with isolated rat hearts undergoing ischemia-reperfusion and with cultured P19 neurons exposed to xanthine-xanthine oxidase. The data thus indicate that the carbohydrate moiety of CP is not essential for its enzymatic and protective actions. Accordingly, even the use of expression systems that do not glycosylate mammalian proteins could provide a recombinant CP that retains its therapeutic potential.
Deoiled Produced Water Treatment Using Direct-Contact Membrane Distillation (2013)

Deoiled produced water in current produced water treatment facilities for water reclamation from steam-flooded oil exploration (Webb et al. Desalination of oilfield-produced water at the San Ardo water reclamation facility, CA, SPE 121520-PP, 2009) activities is available at temperatures between 160 and 200 °F (71–93 °C). Desalination of this deoiled produced water is accomplished currently by reverse osmosis after a number of steps including cooling. Membrane distillation processes can utilize this sensible heat to achieve desalination. Direct-contact membrane distillation studies using a hollow-fiber membrane module with brine in the cross-flow have been successfully conducted using a variety of produced waters such as Chevron A [Pre-RO, Post WEMCO; the latter refers to an induced gas/dissolved gas flotation (IGF/DGF) technique], Chevron B1, and Chevron B2 having total dissolved solids (TDS) respectively of 7622, 12040, and 35000 mg/L. The brine feed temperature was varied between 50 and 85 °C. The effect of brine feed flow rate variation was also studied. At 80 °C, the highest observed water vapor flux at a higher feed brine velocity was 15 kg/m2·h. The permeated waters were substantially pure with a very low TDS value in each case, indicating very high salt rejections. These conclusions held even when the feed deoiled produced water was concentrated via batch recirculation to recover as much as 80% of the feed produced water in the distillate stream.
Mechanism of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Stimulation by Splicing Factor SRSF1 (2018)

The splicing factor SRSF1 promotes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a quality control mechanism that degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs). Here we show that transcript-bound SRSF1 increases the binding of NMD factor UPF1 to mRNAs while in, or associated with, the nucleus, bypassing UPF2 recruitment and promoting NMD. SRSF1 promotes NMD when positioned downstream of a PTC, which resembles the mode of action of exon junction complex (EJC) and NMD factors. Moreover, splicing and/or EJC deposition increase the effect of SRSF1 on NMD. Lastly, SRSF1 enhances NMD of PTC-containing endogenous transcripts that result from various events. Our findings reveal an alternative mechanism for UPF1 recruitment, uncovering an additional connection between splicing and NMD. SRSF1's role in the mRNA's journey from splicing to decay has broad implications for gene expression regulation and genetic diseases.
CSVideoNet: A Real-Time End-to-End Learning Framework for High-Frame-Rate Video Compressive Sensing (2018)

This paper addresses the real-time encoding-decoding problem for high-frame-rate video compressive sensing (CS). Unlike prior works that perform reconstruction using iterative optimization-based approaches, we propose a noniterative model, named "CSVideoNet", which directly learns the inverse mapping of CS and reconstructs the original input in a single forward propagation. To overcome the limitations of existing CS cameras, we propose a multi-rate CNN and a synthesizing RNN to improve the trade-o. between compression ratio (CR) and spatial-temporal resolution of the reconstructed videos. the experiment results demonstrate that CSVideoNet signi.cantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Without any pre/post-processing, we achieve a 25dB Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) recovery quality at 100x CR, with a frame rate of 125 fps on a Titan X GPU. Due to the feedforward and high-data-concurrency natures of CSVideoNet, it can take advantage of GPU acceleration to achieve three orders of magnitude speed-up over conventional iterative-based approaches. We share the source code at https://github.com/PSCLab-ASU/CSVideoNet.