gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Manual Insertion Mechanism for Percutaneous Cochlear Implantation (2010)

Percutaneous cochlear implantation (PCI) is a recently developed minimally invasive technique that utilizes image guidance and a custom-made microstereotactic frame to guide a drill directly to the cochlea. It enables cochlear access through a single drill port, reducing invasiveness in comparison to mastoidectomy. With the reduction in invasiveness, PCI enables a corresponding reduction in visualization and space in which to work at the cochlear entry point. This precludes standard cochlear implant deployment techniques and necessitates a new insertion tool that can deploy a cochlear implant into the cochlea while working down a deep, narrow channel. In this paper, we describe a manual insertion tool that we have developed for this purpose. The tool is capable of inserting an electrode array into the cochlea using the advance off-stylet technique, using simple manual controls on its handle.
57.2: Novel Single Cell Gap Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Without Sub Pixels Separation (2007)

Twisted Nematic (TN) liquid crystal display is optimized for transflective liquid crystal displays. This new configuration does not need to separate the pixel into two sub-pixels of transmissive and reflective mode. Each pixel is partially transmissive and reflective with the help of a semi transparent mirror. The electro-optical characteristics in the transmissive mode and reflective mode match each other, which indicates that the transmissive and reflective function could be controlled using the same voltage in a transflective LCD. This TN LCD configuration has a good contrast, viewing angle, response time and color coordination. Also it is very easy to fabricate and suitable for high quality transflective TFT-LCDs. 1. Objective and Background
Targeting Quorum Sensing in <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> Biofilms: Current and Emerging Inhibitors (2013)

Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics combined with an increasing acknowledgement of the role of biofilms in chronic infections has led to a growing interest in new antimicrobial strategies that target the biofilm mode of growth. In the aggregated biofilm mode, cell-to-cell communication systems involved in the process known as quorum sensing regulate coordinated expression of virulence with immune shielding mechanisms and antibiotic resistance. For two decades, the potential of interference with quorum sensing by small chemical compounds has been investigated with the aim of developing alternative antibacterial strategies. Here, we review state of the art research of quorum sensing inhibitors against the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is found in a number of biofilm-associated infections and identified as the predominant organism infecting the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients.
The Development of LPP Combustor for ESPR (2004)

A low emission combustor aiming at 5EI NOx for a supersonic aircraft engine has been being developed under ESPR (Research and Development of Environmentally Compatible Propulsion System for Next-Generation Supersonic Transport) program in Japan. An axially staged combustor with an LPP combustion system and CMC liner walls is used for stable combustion and low NOx emissions. Fuel injector tests and single sector combustor tests up to M2.2 cruise conditions for several types of fuel injectors have been conducted to evaluate fundamental characteristics such as emissions, auto-ignition, flash back and things since the program started. The latest test results showed that the LPP burners had a good potential for the low NOx target. It was found that the NOx emission level was greatly affected by a distortion in the air velocity field upstream of the LPP burners due to the diffuser and fuel feed arm. This paper is the second report on the LPP combustion system. It covers the latest research activities and countermeasures for a further NOx reduction toward the target. NOMENCLATURE
Reduced-complexity training schemes for multiple-antenna broadband transmissions (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of training sequence design for multiple-antenna transmissions over quasi-static frequency-selective channels. As performance metric for channel estimation, mean square error is adopted. To achieve the minimum mean square error, the training sequences transmitted from the multiple antennas must have impulse-like autocorrelation and zero crosscorrelation. We reduce the problem of designing multiple training sequences to the much easier and well-understood problem of designing a single training sequence with impulse-like auto-correlation. To this end, we propose to encode the training sequences with a space-time code, that may be the same or different from the space-time code that encodes the information symbols. Designing one instead of multiple training sequences reduces the search space significantly and simplifies the construction of optimal or suboptimal training sequences.
On the selection of finite alphabet iterative decoders for LDPC codes on the BSC (2011)

Recently new message passing decoders for LDPC codes, called finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAIDs) were proposed. The messages belong to a finite alphabet and the update functions are simple boolean maps different from the functions used for the belied propagation (BP) decoder. The maps can be chosen using the knowledge of potential trapping sets such that the decoders surpass the BP decoder in the error floor. In this paper, we address the issue of selecting good FAIDs which perform well in the error floor for column weight three codes. We introduce the notion of noisy trapping set which is a generalization based on analyzing the local dynamic behaviour of a given FAID on a trapping set. Using this notion as the core, we provide an iterative greedy algorithm that outputs a set of candidate FAIDs containing potentially good decoders for any given code. To illustrate the appliance of the methodology on several codes, we show that the set of candidate FAIDs contains particularly good FAIDs for different codes with different rates and lengths.
SSZ-26 and SSZ-33: Two Molecular Sieves with Intersecting 10- and 12-Ring Pores (1993)

The framework structures of two closely related molecular sieves, SSZ-26 and SSZ-33, are described. These materials possess a previously missing but desired structural feature in a group of industrially significant zeolites. They contain a three-dimensional pore system that provides access to the crystal interior through both 10- and 12-rings. This property is a consequence of the organic structure-directing agents used in the synthesis of these materials. These materials are examples of the purposeful design of a micropore architecture. Both SSZ-26 and SSZ-33 contain the 4=4-1 building unit that had been previously found only in natural zeolites.
Compact optical design for dual-axes confocal endoscopic microscopes (2007)

Here we describe a simple optical design for a MEMS-based dual-axes fiber optic confocal scanning microscope that has been miniaturized for handheld imaging of tissues, and which is capable of being further scaled to smaller dimensions for endoscope compatibility while preserving its field-of-view (FOV), working distance, and resolution. Based on the principle of parallel beams that are focused by a single parabolic mirror to a common point, the design allows the use of replicated optical components mounted and aligned within a rugged cylindrical housing that is designed for use as a handheld tissue microscope. A MEMS scanner is used for high speed scanning in the X-Y plane below the tissue surface. An additional design feature is a mechanism for controlling a variable working distance, thus producing a scan in the Z direction and allowing capture of 3-D volumetric images of tissue. The design parameters that affect the resolution, FOV, and working distance are analyzed using ASAP<sup>TM</sup> optical modeling software and verified by experimental results. Other features of this design include use of a solid immersion lens (SIL), which enhances both resolution and FOV, and also provides index matching between the optics and the tissue.
Abstract 5759: Discovery of a novel claudin 6 (CLDN6) specific monoclonal antibody (2018)

Abstract Claudin 6 (CLDN6) is a tight junction molecule that is involved in cell to cell adhesion of epithelial and endothelial cell sheets. CLDN6 is considered an oncofetal protein which is not expressed in normal human tissue but is expressed in some cancers such as endometrial, ovarian and testis cancer. Expression of CLDN6 in endometrial and urothelial cancer leads to a poor prognosis. The problem of developing antibodies against CLDN6 is that the family member claudin 9 (CLDN9) is highly homologous, only varying by 2 amino acids in the extracellular domain. To address this need, Integral Molecular has developed the MPS Discovery Engine® to enable the isolation, characterization, and engineering of monoclonal antibodies for tight junction proteins, GPCRs, ion channels, and transporters. MPS utilizes a collection of technologies to address each of the barriers to monoclonal antibody development against the native extracellular epitopes of multispan membrane proteins. These include, antigen engineering to attain high levels of surface expression, DNA and Lipoparticle immunization to present native epitopes to the immune system, diverse immunization host species to deal with highly conserved proteins, Lipoparticles (high concentration native membrane proteins) to enable phage display, microfludic B-cell isolation to isolate rare MAbs, and shotgun mutagenesis (comprehensive alanine scanning) for epitope mapping. Using the MPS Discovery Engine® we were able to successfully screen a large panel of clones for claudin 6 specificity. From these clones there were 72 potential antibodies that reacted with either claudin 6 or 6/9. A subset of these antibodies reacted only to claudin 6 and not to claudin 9 which has led to our lead drug candidate. With our MPS Discovery Engine® platform, we have the ability to target intact, conformationally specific, and functional antibodies to multipass membrane proteins. Citation Format: Lewis J. Stafford, Brad Screnci, Chidananda Sulli, Erin Rosenberg, Nicholas Molino, David Tucker, Jonathan Sullivan, Trevor Barnes, Jennifer Pfaff, Tanmayee Hazarika, Thomas Charpentier, Samantha Gilman, Rebecca Rimkunas, Rona Wilf, Sharon Willis, Benjamin Doranz, Joseph Rucker, Ross Chambers. Discovery of a novel claudin 6 (CLDN6) specific monoclonal antibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5759.
Complement-Dependent Lysis of Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells by Broadly Cross-Reactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies (2011)

We characterized human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) cloned from influenza virus-infected patients and from influenza vaccine recipients by complement-dependent lysis (CDL) assay. Most MAbs active in CDL were neutralizing, but not all neutralizing MAbs can mediate CDL. Two of the three stalk-specific neutralizing MAbs tested were able to mediate CDL and were more cross-reactive to temporally distant H1N1 strains than the conventional hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing MAbs. One of the stalk-specific MAbs was subtype cross-reactive to H1 and H2 hemagglutinins, suggesting a role for stalk-specific antibodies in protection against influenza illness, especially by a novel viral subtype which can cause pandemics.
Automatic planning of head and neck treatment plans (2016)

Treatment planning is time-consuming and the outcome depends on the person performing the optimization. A system that automates treatment planning could potentially reduce the manual time required for optimization and could also provide a method to reduce the variation between persons performing radiation dose planning (dosimetrist) and potentially improve the overall plan quality. This study evaluates the performance of the Auto-Planning module that has recently become clinically available in the Pinnacle3 radiation therapy treatment planning system. Twenty-six clinically delivered head and neck treatment plans were reoptimized with the Auto-Planning module. Comparison of the two types of treatment plans were performed using DVH metrics and a blinded clinical evaluation by two senior radiation oncologists using a scale from one to six. Both evaluations investigated dose coverage of target and dose to healthy tissues. Auto-Planning was able to produce clinically acceptable treatment plans in all 26 cases. Target coverages in the two types of plans were similar, but automatically generated plans had less irradiation of healthy tissue. In 94% of the evaluations, the autoplans scored at least as high as the previously delivered clinical plans. For all patients, the Auto-Planning tool produced clinically acceptable head and neck treatment plans without any manual intervention, except for the initial target and OAR delineations. The main benefit of the method is the likely improvement in the overall treatment quality since consistent, high-quality plans are generated which even can be further optimized, if necessary. This makes it possible for the dosimetrist to focus more time on difficult dose planning goals and to spend less time on the more tedious parts of the planning process.
Crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in compositions containing naturally functionalized triglyceride oil (1993)

Abstract The crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in blends with naturally functionalized triglyceride oils and their networks has been investigated. Crystallization kinetics of PET in the presence of small amounts of castor oil is improved, both in cooling from the melt state, and in heating from the glassy state. In conjunction with the nucleating agent sodium benzoate, either chemically bonded to castor oil or as a simple mixture, even greater enhancements of crystallization are observed. The PET crystallinity in semi‐IPNs and blends of low to intermediate castor oil‐HMDI polyurethane content are higher than that of neat PET (on a per gram of PET basis). Crystallinity in compositions with a high triglyceride oil network content is greatly affected by the presence of the network, with large melting point depressions, and loss in overall crystallinity. In cases where the triglyceride oil network is completely formed in a miscible melt with PET, the PET is unable to crystallize on cooling, resulting in amorphous semi‐IPNs. Plasticization due to the oil, nucleation from added agents, bond interchange reactions between the oil and the PET, overall chemical composition, and the presence of a triglyceride oil network are found to have a controlling influence over the type and extent of PET crystallinity in the compositions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High-Performance, Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network (1992)

High-performance polymer made by new synthesis in which one or more easy-to-process, but brittle, thermosetting polyimides combined with one or more tough, but difficult-to-process, linear thermoplastics to yield semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) having combination of easy processability and high tolerance to damage. Two commercially available resins combined to form tough, semi-IPN called LaRC-RP49. Displays improvements in toughness and resistance to microcracking. LaRC-RP49 has potential as high-temperature matrix resin, adhesive, and molding resin. Useful in aerospace, automotive, and electronic industries.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of 4‐Phenyl‐5‐pyridyl‐1,3‐thiazole Derivatives as p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Morphogenetic Events in Mixed Cultures of Rat Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymal Cells Maintained in Biological Matrices in the Presence of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor (1999)

Hepatocytes were grown in chemically defined hepatocyte growth medium (HGM) containing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on collagen-coated polystyrene beads in roller bottle cultures, forming clusters of beads, and proliferating hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells, including fenestrated endothelium-forming vascular structures. Desmin-positive cells surrounded hepatocytes. Collagen types I and III were deposited in a diffuse manner whereas collagen type IV surrounded the clusters of the epithelial cells, forming a basement membrane. When the mixed cell clusters were implanted in Matrigel (Collaborative Research, Bedford, MA), hepatocytes grew in three dimensions, forming plates and ducts. Many single, long plates of hepatocytes were seen, suggesting progressive linear assembly guided by hepatocyte specific structural parameters. HGF, EGF, and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) enhance these phenomena. HGF plus EGF elicited maximal response. TGF-beta1 suppressed formation of the ducts and plates. Within three months in Matrigel, the cultures established monolayers composed of plates, ducts, and a well-delineated canalicular network. The mixed cultures expressed albumin, A1AT, AFP, transferrin, and CYPIIB1. Following implantation of the cell clusters in Matrigel, there was decreased expression of c-met, urokinase, urokinase receptor, and TGF-beta1. Electron microscopy showed differentiated hepatocytes with nearly normal ultrastructure. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index was high (more than 80%) whereas the Bromo-deoxyaridine labeling index of ongoing DNA synthesis varied from 10% to 15%. These results show that the mixed cultures of proliferating hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells can reproduce the hallmark structures of hepatic histological architecture while maintaining differentiation and the capacity to proliferate. (HEPATOLOGY 1999;29:90-100.)
Poststatin, a New Inhibitor of Prolyl Endopeptidase. IV. The Chemical Synthesis of Poststatin. (1996)

Total synthesis of poststatin was achieved by both liquid phase and solid phase methods. In both methods, the (2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxyvaleric acid moiety was incorporated into protected pentapeptides, and was oxidized to (S)-3-amino-2-oxovaleric acid (postine). Deprotection of the oxidized pentapeptides gave a specimen identical with natural poststatin in physico-chemical properties and prolyl endopeptidase inhibitory activity.
Reactive jamming attacks in multi-radio wireless sensor networks (2009)

There exist many studies against reactive jamming attacks, however, these methods, i.e. frequency hopping or channel surfing, require excessive computational capabilities on wireless devices which are serious side effects in wireless sensor networks. To avoid the problems in existing methods, we propose a novel approach against reactive jamming attacks by identifying the trigger nodes, whose transmissions activate any reactive jammers. The identification of these trigger nodes can help us (i) carefully design a better routing protocol by switching these nodes into only receivers to avoid activating jammers and (ii) locate the jammers based on the trigger nodes, thus providing an alternative mechanism against reactive jamming attacks. In this paper, we provide an efficient method to identify the trigger nodes by utilizing the group testing techniques and minimum collection of disjoint disk covers to reduce the message and computational overhead. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that our solution performs extremely well in terms of time and message complexities, which in turn provides a good approach to defend reactive jamming attacks.
Synergistic Polymorphisms of β<sub>1</sub>- and α<sub>2C</sub>-Adrenergic Receptors and the Risk of Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

The alpha2CDel322-325 and beta1Arg389 receptors act synergistically to increase the risk of heart failure in blacks. Genotyping at these two loci may be a useful approach for identification of persons at risk for heart failure or its progression, who may be candidates for early preventive measures.
Thermal zones for more efficient data center energy management (2010)

The optimization of cooling resources within data centers (DCs), which includes the localized provisioning of cooling power with respect to the heat dissipation, can lead to significant reduction of energy consumption. While such matching is rather straightforward for the entire DC, on a more granular level however, the large range of heat densities of today's IT equipment has made this task much more challenging. One complication comes from the fact there is little operational information, for example, which physical areas (or zones) are supplied by the different air conditioning units (ACUs) so that local cooling demands can be met. Evidently, such zones are not only determined by the placement and air flow produced by each ACU but also by the locations of perforated tiles throughout the DC and many other parameters. Here we present a general methodology for determining such zones. Specifically, we use a simplified physics model to calculate the air flow velocity field within the DC. The novelty of the approach is that the boundary conditions are obtained from real-time measurements. Once the air flow pattern is calculated, we deploy an efficient tracing algorithm, which follows the air from/to each area of the DC back to the originating/returning ACU. The trace connects a specific ACU with its related zone. Each zone can be associated with the actual efficiency of the corresponding ACU by considering the respective utilization of the units (heat removed / nominal heat load removal capacity) or coefficient of performance (COP = heat removed / power consumption for ACU fans). Both COP and ACU utilization can be obtained from real-time temperature and air flow measurements. The paper will also discuss a software tool, which helps operators to use this information for improving DC energy efficiency.
An economically viable ionic liquid for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass (2017)

Cost-effective fractionation (pretreatment) of lignocellulosic biomass is necessary to enable its large-scale use as a source of liquid fuels, bio-based materials and bio-derived chemicals.
Pilot symbol initiated iterative channel estimation and decoding for QAM modulated OFDM signals (2004)

In this paper, we consider the iterative channel estimation and decoding algorithms for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. We first describe the optimal sequence estimation based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Using some approximations, we propose a sub-optimal iterative channel estimation and decoding algorithm, which is shown to have reduced computational complexity. The bit error rate (BER) performances of the proposed algorithm are evaluated using computer simulations. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs nearly as well as the optimal EM algorithm, and outperforms the conventional minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator.
Memory space representation for heterogeneous network process migration (2002)

A major difficulty of heterogeneous process migration is how to collect advanced dynamic data-structures, transform them into machine independent form, and restore them appropriately in a different hardware and software environment. In this study we introduce a data model, the Memory Space Representation (MSR) model, to recognize complex data structures in program address spaces. Supporting mechanisms of the MSR model are also developed for collecting program data structures and restoring them in a heterogeneous environment. The MSR design has been implemented under a prototype heterogeneous process migration environment. Pointer-intensive programs with function and recursion calls are tested. Experimental results confirm that the newly proposed design is feasible and effective for heterogeneous network process migration.