gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical characterization of porous silicon (2002)

Porous silicon was investigated by capacitance and current-voltage measurements on MIS devices. Four different substrates: 6-8 ohmcm (p-type), 5/spl times/10/sup -3/-2/spl times/10/sup -2/ ohmcm (p/sup +/-type), 6-10 ohmcm (n-type) and 10/sup -2/-3/spl times/10/sup -2/ ohmcm (n/sup +/-type) are used as starting material. The samples were also plasma oxidized in a RIE equipment at the power P=1500 W in a pure oxygen discharge. Porous silicon (PS) formed from p and p/sup +/-type substrates exhibits full and partial carrier depletion respectively. The plasma oxidized porous silicon (OPS) for PS substrates with porosity P<60% presents a stable surface with an uniform SiO/sub 2/ layer, while for PS substrates with P>60% this effect is made indistinct by a large number of cracks occurring on the surface after plasma oxidation due to the morphological structure.
The amine oxidases of human placenta and pregnancy plasma (1974)

1. The purification of monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase from normal human term placental tissue is described. 2. The properties of these enzymes are reported and compared with the properties of unpurified human pregnancy plasma. 3. This comparison shows that the amine oxidase of pregnancy plasma has properties corresponding to purified placental diamine oxidase, suggesting a placental origin for the plasma enzyme system. 4. Detailed kinetic study of the purified placental diamine oxidase suggests that it has a Ping Pong sequence, a mechanism of action and rate-limiting step similar to the diamine oxidase of pig kidney. 5. It is suggested that the enzyme system is important in protecting the foeto-placental unit from excesses of biogenic amines.
Study of Dy-doped Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>: thin film growth and magnetic properties (2015)

Breaking the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) in topological insulators (TIs) through ferromagnetic doping is an essential prerequisite for unlocking novel physical phenomena and exploring potential device applications. Here, we report the successful growth of high-quality (Dy(x)Bi(1-x))2Te3 thin films with Dy concentrations up to x = 0.355 by molecular beam epitaxy. Bulk-sensitive magnetisation studies using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry find paramagnetic behaviour down to 2 K for the entire doping series. The effective magnetic moment, μeff, is strongly doping concentration-dependent and reduces from ∼12.6 μ(B) Dy(-1) for x = 0.023 to ∼4.3 μ(B) Dy(-1) for x = 0.355. X-ray absorption spectra and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Dy M4,5 edge are employed to provide a deeper insight into the magnetic nature of the Dy(3+)-doped films. XMCD, measured in surface-sensitive total-electron-yield detection, gives μ(eff )= 4.2 μ(B) Dy(-1). The large measured moments make Dy-doped films interesting TI systems in which the TRS may be broken via the proximity effect due to an adjacent ferromagnetic insulator.
Investigation of visualization characteristics of the sharp focusing schlieren method (2006)

The schlieren method is most often used in the high speed wind tunnel testing as the flow visualization technique around the airfoil models etc. It is well known that the schlieren system is unable to obtain the three dimensional information occurring at various locations along the optical path. A large field focusing schlieren system was improved to visualize the three dimensional density gradients by Leonard M. Weinstein. His system uses a fresnel field lens to increase the brightness of image compared to the previous focusing schlieren system. This system is a useful diagnosis tool to investigate complex three-dimensional flow fields. This system also uses the diffuser lens or sheet to obtain a uniform lighting for the plane at the test section. However it is well known that the diffuser lens or sheet causes the loss of a light intensity. Also, the focusing schlieren system has the source grid to achieve multiple light sources that constructed with closely spaced thin lines (shading plane). So the strong extended light source is necessary, and the decrease in a light intensity for the source grid is a serious problem. Therefore, a countermeasure should be prepared to achieve the higher brightness system. In the present study, we would like to discuss especially the countermeasure of the loss of brightness by using the diffuser lens or sheet. In the present system, we adopt the rod lighting system (combination a general extended light source with a Kaleidoscope) as the higher brightness and uniform extended light source.
Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from <i>Mycoplasma arthritidis</i>. III. <i>Ir</i> gene control of lymphocyte transformation correlates with binding of the mitogen to specific Ia-bearing cells. (1982)

The supernatant from Mycoplasma arthritidis broth cultures (MAS) contains a T cell mitogen that is under Ir gene control. Responsiveness to this mitogen is dictated by the I-E/I-C subregion of the major histocompatibility complex and is dependent upon adherent radioresistant Ia+ accessory cells from responding haplotype animals. In this study, we established that MAS could be removed from culture supernatants by absorption with spleen cells from mice that themselves are responsive to the mitogen (k and d haplotypes), but activity is not removed by spleen cells from mouse strains that are nonresponsive to the mitogen (b, q, and s haplotypes). Absorption studies with lymphoid cells from congenic and recombinant strain mice established that absorption of the mitogen was itself linked to the I-E/I-C subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. Thymocytes from responding haplotype strains were incapable of removing MAS activity, and spleen cells devoid of Thy-1-positive cells retained their full absorbing capacity. The ability to effectively absorb MAS activity was abrogated by the pretreatment of spleen cells with anti-Ia antiserum and complement. Furthermore, the ability of spleen cells from responding haplotype strains to respond to MAS was blocked by the addition of anti-Ia serum to the cell cultures. Whereas the latter treatment resulted in an almost complete elimination of MAS responsiveness, the ability of similarly treated spleen cells to respond to the mitogens PHA and Con A was only minimally depressed. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that the mitogenic moiety of MAS actually binds to I-E/I-C-coded Ia antigens.
High Speed Memory Operation in Channel-Last, Back-gated Ferroelectric Transistors (2020)

Scaled ferroelectric transistors (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> =76 nm) in a back- gated configuration are fabricated with a channel-last process flow. Using this approach, optimization of the ferroelectric gate oxide film can be decoupled from that of the semiconductor channel to reduce parasitic interfaces. As a result, ferroelectric transistors with 3σ memory window for fast programming time of 10 ns (including an instantaneous read-after-write) at 1.8 V and high endurance of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles are demonstrated for the first time.
The BH3-mimetic ABT-737 inhibits allogeneic immune responses (2011)

Apoptosis controls the adaptive immune system through regulation of central and peripheral lymphocyte deletion. Therefore, substances that selectively interact with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in lymphocytes offer unexplored opportunities to pharmacologically modulate the immune response. Here, we present evidence that the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 suppresses allogeneic immune responses. In vitro, ABT-737 prevented allogeneic T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity by apoptosis induction, but without impairing the physiological functions of remaining viable T cells. In vivo, ABT-737 was highly selective for lymphoid cells and inhibited allogeneic T- and B-cell responses after skin transplantation. The immunosuppressive effect of ABT-737 was markedly increased in combination with low-dose cyclosporine A, as shown by the induction of long-term skin graft survival without significant inflammatory infiltrates in 50% of the recipients in an MHC class I single antigen mismatched model. Thus, pharmacological targeting of Bcl-2 proteins represents a novel immunosuppressive approach to prevent rejection of solid organ allografts.
Key generation exploiting MIMO channel evolution: Algorithms and theoretical limits (2009)

An emerging area of research in wireless communications is the generation of secret encryption keys based on the shared (or common) randomness of the wireless channel between two legitimate nodes in a communication network. However, to date, little work has appeared on methods to use the increased randomness available when the network nodes have multiple antennas. This paper provides theoretical performance bounds associated with using multi-antenna communications and proposes two practical methods for generating secret keys exploiting the increased randomness. Performance simulations reveal the efficiency of the methods.
Autorship and the computer: An anonymous piece of late medieval devotional literature (1989)

Work on the establishment of his canon prompted the author of this paper to begin investigations on the ways in which the computer might be used in the establishment of authorship.Obviously, it is not always necessary to resort to the computer when questions of authorship arise.Frequently, discrepancies in style, preoccupation, dating and other textual characteristics arc so glaring that it becomes relatively easy to say that a particular text was not written by a particular author.It is much more difficult to prove the authenticity of a text or to come to a verdict when disparities exist side-by-side with tantalising similarities.
Adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub>on Zeolite 13X and Activated Carbon with Higher Surface Area (2010)

Abstract In this work, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics of CO2 on zeolite 13X and activated carbon with high surface area (AC-h) were studied. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic curves of CO2 on the adsorbents were separately measured at 328 K, 318 K, 308 K, and 298 K and with a pressure range of 0–30 bar by means of the gravimetric adsorption method. The mass transfer constants and adsorption activation energy Ea of CO2 on the adsorbents were estimated separately. Results showed that at very low pressure the amounts adsorbed of CO2 on the zeolite 13X was higher than that on the AC-h, while at higher pressure, the amounts adsorbed of CO2 on the AC-h was higher than that on the zeolite 13X since the AC-h has a larger surface area and a larger total pore volume compared to the zeolite 13X. The adsorption kinetics of CO2 can be well described by the linear driving force (LDF) model. With the increase of temperature, the mass transfer constants of CO2 adsorption on both samples increased. The adsorption activation energy Ea for CO2 on the two adsorbents decreased with the increase of pressure. Furthermore, at low pressure the Ea for CO2 adsorption on the zeolite 13X was slightly lower than that on the AC-h, while at higher pressure the Ea for CO2 adsorption on the zeolite 13X was higher than that on the AC-h. Keywords: activated carbon with high surface area (Ac-h)activation energyadsorption isothermsadsorption kineticscarbon dioxide removalzeolite 13X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20336020).
Proanthocyanidins: Biological Activities Associated with Human Health (2004)

Proanthocyanidins, also called condensed tannins, are oligomers and polymers of monomeric flavans linked through specific single (B linkages) and double (A linkages) bonds. These secondary plant metabolites have substantial antioxidant activity. They are prevalent in some foods and dietary supplements including several berries, red grapes and their wines, and seeds, baking chocolate, cinnamon, pycnogenol, and Ginkgo biloba. Calculations based on limited food composition data suggest daily intakes of about 54 mg/day per person in the United States. Similar data are unavailable to estimate intakes from dietary supplements. Studies on digestion of proanthocyanidins indicates only monomers and dimers are absorbed; however, preliminary evidence suggests hydroxylated phenolic acids are important products of gastrointestinal microflora activity that also may be absorbed. Several types of investigations support improved vascular health after short- or long-term consumption of proanthocyanidins or foods and supplements that contain them. These effects include vasodilation, presumably as a result of increased NO production, decreased platelet aggregation, reduced sensitivity of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to oxidization, and modulation of several reactions associated with inflammation. Studies with cranberries and cinnamon, both of which contain uniquely linked proanthocyanidins, support a role for bacterial antiadhesion and improved glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetics, respectively. Results from a variety of experiments indicate proanthocyanidins may modulate several reactions involved in cancer processes. A crucial research need is to identify further biologically active components of proanthocyanidins so that mechanisms of action at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels can be elucidated.
Combining image analysis and thermal models for infrared scene simulations (2002)

This paper describes an analysis/synthesis simulation procedure for the generation of realistic infrared images of outdoor scenes. The approach is based on combining synthetic scenes with real images using segmentation algorithms and region analysis. At the analysis stage, the image is segmented into homogeneous regions. Each surface region is then attributed material properties and its orientation is computed. Next, a texture signal is extracted from the original image. At the synthesis stage, thermal models are used to predict surface temperatures and to compute the radiometries of the thermal image. Finally, the extracted texture signal is combined with the synthetic radiometries. Temporal variations of the texture signal are also studied in order to generate the same scene at a different time of day.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small-Molecule Antiviral β- <scp>d</scp> - <i>N</i> <sup>4</sup> -Hydroxycytidine Inhibits a Proofreading-Intact Coronavirus with a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance (2019)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged from animal reservoirs to cause severe and lethal disease in humans, but there are currently no FDA-approved antivirals to treat the infections. One class of antiviral compounds, nucleoside analogues, mimics naturally occurring nucleosides to inhibit viral replication. While these compounds have been successful therapeutics for several viral infections, mutagenic nucleoside analogues, such as ribavirin and 5-fluorouracil, have been ineffective at inhibiting CoVs. This has been attributed to the proofreading activity of the viral 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN). β-d-<i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) (EIDD-1931; Emory Institute for Drug Development) has recently been reported to inhibit multiple viruses. Here, we demonstrate that NHC inhibits both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) (50% effective concentration [EC<sub>50</sub>] = 0.17 μM) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) (EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.56 μM) with minimal cytotoxicity. NHC inhibited MHV lacking ExoN proofreading activity similarly to wild-type (WT) MHV, suggesting an ability to evade or overcome ExoN activity. NHC inhibited MHV only when added early during infection, decreased viral specific infectivity, and increased the number and proportion of G:A and C:U transition mutations present after a single infection. Low-level NHC resistance was difficult to achieve and was associated with multiple transition mutations across the genome in both MHV and MERS-CoV. These results point to a virus-mutagenic mechanism of NHC inhibition in CoVs and indicate a high genetic barrier to NHC resistance. Together, the data support further development of NHC for treatment of CoVs and suggest a novel mechanism of NHC interaction with the CoV replication complex that may shed light on critical aspects of replication.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) into human populations from animal reservoirs has demonstrated their epidemic capability, pandemic potential, and ability to cause severe disease. However, no antivirals have been approved to treat these infections. Here, we demonstrate the potent antiviral activity of a broad-spectrum ribonucleoside analogue, β-d-<i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-hydroxycytidine (NHC), against two divergent CoVs. Viral proofreading activity does not markedly impact sensitivity to NHC inhibition, suggesting a novel interaction between a nucleoside analogue inhibitor and the CoV replicase. Further, passage in the presence of NHC generates only low-level resistance, likely due to the accumulation of multiple potentially deleterious transition mutations. Together, these data support a mutagenic mechanism of inhibition by NHC and further support the development of NHC for treatment of CoV infections.
Molecular basis for optical clearing of collagenous tissues (2010)

Molecular interactions of optical clearing agents were investigated using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and optical spectroscopy. For a series of sugar alcohols with low to high optical clearing potential, Raman spectroscopy and integrating sphere measurements were used to quantitatively characterize tissue water loss and reduction in light scattering following agent exposures. The rate of tissue water loss was found to correlate with agent optical clearing potential, but equivalent tissue optical clearing was measured in native and fixed tissue in vitro, given long-enough exposure times to the polyol series. MD simulations showed that the rate of tissue optical clearing correlated with the preferential formation of hydrogen bond bridges between agent and collagen. Hydrogen bond bridge formation disrupts the collagen hydration layer and facilitates replacement by a chemical agent to homogenize tissue refractive index. However, the reduction in tissue light scattering did not correlate with the agent index of refraction. Our results suggest that a necessary property of optical clearing agents is hyperosmolarity to tissue, but that the most effective agents with the highest rates of optical clearing are a subset with the highest collagen solubilities.
NeuSpell: A Neural Spelling Correction Toolkit (2020)

We introduce NeuSpell, an open-source toolkit for spelling correction in English.
Validation study of compact thermal resistance models of IC packages (2002)

Accurate estimation of the operating temperature of a semiconductor IC device encapsulated within an electronic package is necessary to ensure reliable performance over the life of the product. The common lumped constant Theata JA (/spl phi/ja) characterized in laboratory setups, was found to be too dependent on mounting and environmental conditions to be effective in practical system applications. Two improved compact models of electronic package thermal characteristics, the Bar-Cohen and Lasance, were analyzed for accuracy in particular situations. A further refinement of the Bar-Cohen and Lasance compact models proposed in this paper was found to be more robust and valid in complicated system applications. The less used but effective lumped constant, Theata JL (/spl phi/jl), which describes the junction to package lead relationship, was also studied. It was found to be useful for quick determination of junction temperature in equilibrium system mounted operating condition. Also covered in this work is a discussion from the theoretical network point of view as well as suggestions of modeling methodologies for board mounted plastic packages.
A Novel Membrane System for the Ultrafiltration of Oil Emulsions (1981)

The concentration of emulsions is a subject of considerable importance, encompassing the treatment of industrial wastewater cooling or cutting fluids(1), the processing of foods, and certain pharmaceutical preparations. When one takes into consideration the increased use of microemulsions(2), further growth in this area may be anticipated. Ultrafiltration has quickly become the method of choice for carrying out this process(1), and in the past a report has been made on the use of a new conventional thin-film composite UF membrane(3) to accomplish this goal. The present contribution describes a novel low pressure, high flux system which utilizes an "in situ" dynamically formed silica membrane particularly suited for the ultrafiltration of emulsions. The support for this selective layer of silica was a pleated, thin channel crossflow module(4) (tradename "Acroflux", Gelman Sciences, Inc.) containing 0.1 m2 of 0.2 um pore size acrylonitrile copolymer membrane. This design configuration for flat sheet microporous membrane is
Safety of Intracavernous Injections using an Alpha-Blocking Agent (1989)

We tested the possibility of using intracavernous injections of the alpha-blocking agent moxisylyte (6-acetoxy-thymoxy-ethyl-dimethylamine) as treatment of erectile impotence. Laboratory studies proved moxisylyte to be more active than saline (double-blind with crossover) but less active than papaverine (crossover), since it induced prolonged erection in most patients but rigid erection in only a few. However, penile vibration proved to enhance the moxisylyte effects, the combination resulting in rigid erection in 5 of 8 patients tested. Repeated office injections of moxisylyte in 70 patients resulted in clear improvement of impotence during the subsequent weeks in 50 per cent of the psychogenic, and 18 per cent of the organic and mixed impotent patients. Of 91 impotent patients 42 achieved satisfactory intercourse within 2 hours after an office injection, although previously the same dose induced a rigid erection in the office in only 24. Of 37 patients instructed in moxisylyte self-injections 92 per cent achieved successful results without any significant side effect. The main advantage of moxisylyte proved to be its safety, allowing for less compelling precautions than with papaverine: only 2 of the 170 patients injected with moxisylyte at our clinic had prolonged erections, that is 1.1 per cent compared to 14 per cent in a personal series who received papaverine. In regard to the therapeutic applications of intracavernous injection facilitating drugs, such as moxisylyte, should be tried first, with use of the more potent but also more dangerous drugs, such as papaverine, only when impotence fails to improve.
The activity of superoxide dismutase in animal liver and erythrocyte at Sea Area nearby Dayawan Nuclear Power Station (1995)

Many tests, the effect of ionizing radiation on SOD in vivo and vitro, had proved that the irradiation can cause the SOD activity to decrease with the increase of irradiation dose, change some physicochemical properties and structure. This artical was to study the activity of SOD in Fish (Thearpon jorbua) and Toad(Bufo melanostictus) liver erythrocyte at sea area nearby Dayawan Nuclear Power Station (Nps). We found that the SOD activity in fish liver, after NPS revolved one year, was higher than that of before revoling (7.30 {plus_minus} 1.35U/mg protein, 5.49 {plus_minus}1.56 U/mg protein respectively). The SOD activity in the toad liver at NPS revolving one year after was decreased (4.54 {plus_minus} 0.75 U/mg protein 5.68{plus_minus} 1.49U/mg protein P < 0.001) but in erythrocyte increased (2.32 {plus_minus} 0.75 U/mg Hb, 0.70 {plus_minus} 0.33 U/mg Hb P < 0.001). These results indicated that the SOD activity was changed in different with the animal variety. The effect of irradiation on fish at present was absent, on toad need to research in the future.