gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is ‘culture’ a justifiable variable for market segmentation? A cross‐cultural example (2003)

Abstract This paper investigates whether culture can be used to segment a market. Using Indians, resident in Britain (British Indians) as an example, previous research suggests that culture's manifestation within buyer behaviour provides sufficient evidence to justify its use as a market segment variable. Using brown goods (television sets, video equipment, music systems etc) a comparative quantitative study examined the impact of a range of cultural values upon the buying behaviour of British Indians and British Caucasians, to identify significant differences between the two. Although a significant difference was found, the amount of similarity between the two sample groups suggests culture should not be used as a segmentation variable. This research has implications for organisations seeking to develop ethnic minority orientated marketing strategies. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.
Human cytotrophoblasts adopt a vascular phenotype as they differentiate. A strategy for successful endovascular invasion? (1997)

Establishment of the human placenta requires that fetal cytotrophoblast stem cells in anchoring chorionic villi become invasive. These cytotrophoblasts aggregate into cell columns and invade both the uterine interstitium and vasculature, anchoring the fetus to the mother and establishing blood flow to the placenta. Cytotrophoblasts colonizing spiral arterioles replace maternal endothelium as far as the first third of the myometrium. We show here that differentiating cytotrophoblasts transform their adhesion receptor phenotype so as to resemble the endothelial cells they replace. Cytotrophoblasts in cell columns show reduced E-cadherin staining and express VE-(endothelial) cadherin, platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1, and alpha-4-integrins. Cytotrophoblasts in the uterine interstitium and maternal vasculature continue to express these receptors, and, like endothelial cells during angiogenesis, also stain for alphaVbeta3. In functional studies, alphaVbeta3 and VE-cadherin enhance, while E-cadherin restrains, cytotrophoblast invasiveness. Cytotrophoblasts expressing alpha4 integrins bound immobilized VCAM-1 in vitro, suggesting that this receptor-pair could mediate cytotrophoblast-endothelium or cytotrophoblast-cytotrophoblast interactions in vivo, during endovascular invasion. In the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia, in which endovascular invasion remains superficial, cytotrophoblasts fail to express most of these endothelial markers (Zhou et al., 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:2152-2164.), suggesting that this adhesion phenotype switch is required for successful endovascular invasion and normal placentation.
A K-Means Based Small Cell Deployment Algorithm for Wireless Access Networks (2016)

Recently, the advance of smartphone and wireless com-munication technologies has led to rapid traffic explosion from both public and private services. To meet the diverse user traffic demands, small cell deployment is the most promising and economic way to increase the system capacity. However, how to achieve the higher system throughput with lower cost is an important research issue. In this paper, a small cell deployment algorithm based on weighted k-mean mechanism is proposed to solve this problem. With available user locations and traffic demands, the deployment algorithm can auto-matically determine locations of small cell which can achieve higher average user throughput. Based on weighted k-mean mechanism, the deployment algorithm can not only reduce the average distances between users and small cell, but also significantly reduce the distance between user with higher traffic demand and small cell. So the overall system throughput can be increased, due to reduction of distance between user and small cell. Simulation results show that the proposed deployment algorithm achieve high system through in comparison with fixed and k-mean only deployment algorithms.
Tourism and Terror: a Case Study: Israel 1948-2012 (2014)

Israel is a popular tourist destination which has by afflicted by varying levels of terrorism against civilians over the course of its history. A longitudinal analysis of data pertaining to tourism and terrorism is undertaken to examine how terrorism affects patterns of tourism. It is found that on the macro-level, tourism to Israel continues to grow although it experiences periodic declines corresponding with times of high terrorist activity. National and religious subpopulations of tourists react differently terrorism at the destination. Overall, Jews are proportionally more likely than non-Jews to continue to visit Israel during times of conflict, but this varies among Diaspora communities. Moreover, among US Jewish tourist, the strongly religious populations represented a greater percentage of visitors during years of high terrorism. This preliminary analysis explores how internal structural features of the Jewish community (such as Jewish educational settings and family ties to Israelis), external factors of the home country (such as anti-Semitism or the economic situation) and national and cultural value orientation affect tourism patterns. The impact of these factors on tourism deserves continued research.
A ζ-carotene desaturase gene, IbZDS , increases β-carotene and lutein contents and enhances salt tolerance in transgenic sweetpotato (2017)

ζ-Carotene desaturase (ZDS) is one of the key enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. However, the ZDS gene has not been applied to carotenoid improvement of plants. Its roles in tolerance to abiotic stresses have not been reported. In this study, the IbZDS gene was isolated from storage roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cv. Nongdafu 14. Its overexpression significantly increased β-carotene and lutein contents and enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic sweetpotato (cv. Kokei No. 14) plants. Significant up-regulation of lycopene β-cyclase (β-LCY) and β-carotene hydroxylase (β-CHY) genes and significant down-regulation of lycopene ε-cyclase (ε-LCY) and ε-carotene hydroxylase (ε-CHY) genes were found in the transgenic plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) and proline contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly increased, whereas malonaldehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased in the transgenic plants under salt stress. The salt stress-responsive genes encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), SOD, CAT, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and POD were found to be significantly up-regulated in the transgenic plants under salt stress. This study indicates that the IbZDS gene has the potential to be applied for improving β-carotene and lutein contents and salt tolerance in sweetpotato and other plants.
HRM and the employment of older workers: Germany and Britain compared (2009)

This study examines Human Resource Management (HRM) policies and practices towards older workers in Britain and Germany. While it is widely suggested that older workers have to be better integrated into the labour market, youth-centric HRM is still prevalent. However, HRM is shaped by multiple and contradictory pressures from the international and national institutional environments. We test this dynamic by analysing two national surveys, the German firm panel (IAB) and the British Workplace and Employment Relations Survey (WERS). Our findings suggest that the institutional environment shapes HR policies and practices distinctively in both countries. We find that age discrimination at the workplace is more prevalent in Germany than in Britain, which can be explained by divergent institutional patterns. As a result, we argue that although both countries will have to continue fostering an age-neutral HR approach, this has to take country-specific institutional peculiarities into account.
Semi-synthetic modification of nimbolide to 6-homodesacetylnimbin and 6-desacetylnimbin and their cytotoxic studies (2007)

A new C-seco tetranortriterpenoid named as 6-homodesacetylnimbin 2, has been synthesised for the first time through semi-synthetic modification of nimbolide 1, a potent molecule with anticancer activity. Attempts were made to transesterify the -COOMe moiety in nimbolide using titanium (IV) isopropoxide and ethanol so as to obtain a molecule with -COOEt moiety. However, a novel product was envisaged during the course of the reaction, which was identified as 6-homodesacetylnimbin, a higher homologue of 6-desacetylnimbin 3 through spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. Also, 6-desacetylnimbin has been synthesised through acid hydrolysis of nimbolide. The compounds were screened for their cytotoxic properties through brine shrimp lethality bioassay method using Artemia salina.
IllumiPaper (2017)

Due to their simplicity and flexibility, digital pen-and-paper solutions have a promising potential to become a part of our daily work. Unfortunately, they lack dynamic visual feedback and thereby restrain advanced digital functionalities. In this paper, we investigate new forms of paper-integrated feedback, which build on emerging paper-based electronics and novel thin-film display technologies. Our approach focuses on illuminated elements, which are seamlessly integrated into standard paper. For that, we introduce an extended design space for paper-integrated illuminations. As a major contribution, we present a systematic feedback repertoire for real-world applications including feedback components for innovative paper interaction tasks in five categories. Furthermore, we contribute a fully-functional research platform including a paper-controller, digital pen and illuminated, digitally controlled papers that demonstrate the feasibility of our techniques. Finally, we report on six interviews, where experts rated our approach as intuitive and very usable for various applications, in particular educational ones.
Higher rate of skin rash in a phase II trial with weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and cisplatin combination in Chinese breast cancer patients (2013)

NCT01149798.
Comparison of two synthetic methods to obtain [<sup>18</sup>F] N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐5‐fluoropyridine‐2‐carboxamide, a potential MAO‐B imaging tracer for PET (1995)

Abstract The compound Ro 19‐6327, N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐5‐chloropyridine‐2‐carboxamide, is known to inhibit reversibly and site specifically the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B). The 123 I‐labelled iodo‐analogue N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐5‐iodopyridine‐2‐carboxamide (Ro 43‐0463) was investigated successfully in human volunteers by means of SPET (Single Photon Emission Tomography). We developed therefore the synthesis and radiolabelling of the corresponding fluoro‐analogue N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐5‐fluoropyridine‐2‐carboxamide with 18 F in order to carry out PET (Positron Emission Tomography) investigations of MAO‐B related neuropsychiatric diseases. For this purpose two synthetic approaches leading to the electrophilic and the nucleophilic methods of 18 F radiolabelling were undertaken. The nucleophilic approach appeared to be superior when factors such as precursor synthesis, beam time, specific activity and radiochemical purity of the product are considered.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Conversion of Racemic Methionine to the L‐Enantiomer. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A randomized placebo‐controlled trial of an NMDA receptor antagonist in sleep‐disordered breathing (2005)

Hypoxemia is a powerful stimulus of glutamate release in the central nervous system (CNS) and a hallmark phenomenon in sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Glutamate effects that include neuronal damage and apoptosis following hypoxemia and apnea following microinjections in animal models are in part mediated via postjunctional N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. This was a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled single dose cross-over study of the NMDA receptor antagonist AR-R15896AR in 15 male patients with moderate to severe SDB. Seven patients received 120 mg and eight patients received 350 mg AR-R15896AR or corresponding placebo (given by 2 h infusion) starting half an hour before estimated sleep onset. AR-R15896AR concentrations were in line with the predicting kinetic model. A standard polysomnographic montage was applied. Repeated plasma samples were obtained in nine patients for analysis of plasma glutamate. Glutamate concentration in plasma did not change overnight and was unrelated to severity of SDB. Overall AHI (apnea-hypopnea index; primary efficacy variable) or investigated oxygen saturation variables were not significantly changed after AR-R15896AR at either dosage level. Side effects were mostly confined to the higher dose level and included vivid dreams, nightmares as well as in two cases mild hallucinations. The previously postulated role of glutamate in SDB could not be confirmed after AR-R15896AR induced NMDA-receptor blockade.
A Cluster of Mutations Disrupt the Avirulence but Not the Virulence Function of AvrPto (2000)

avrPto in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato encodes an avirulence protein that triggers race-specific resistance in tomato plants carrying Pto. The AvrPto protein is secreted from P. syringae pv. tomato to plant cells through the type III secretion pathway and activates race-specific resistance by a direct interaction with the Pto protein. Here we report that avrPto enhances the virulence of P. syringae pv. tomato in a strain-dependent manner in tomato plants lacking Pto. To determine whether the virulence function can be structurally separated from the avirulence function, we examined the virulence activity of a group of AvrPto mutants that carry single amino acid substitutions and lack the avirulence activity on tomato plants. Three mutants that were clustered in the center of AvrPto exhibited virulence activity in tomato plants with or without Pto. The rest of the mutations abolished the virulence. The identification of these mutants suggested that the avirulence function of AvrPto can be structurally separated from the virulence function.
An Improved Type II Hybrid ARQ Scheme with Code Combining and Adaptive Packet Length. (2006)

In noisy channels, type II hybrid ARQ scheme with convolutional code and maximum-likelihood code combining performs well for its lower coding redundancy in every retransmission attempt; throughput efficiency can be considerably improved while channel condition is good enough. However, with different packet length, its performance varies while channel condition changes. In this paper, we present an improved type II hybrid ARQ scheme (IH-ARQ) with convolutional code and maximum-likelihood code combining in slow fading channel. By continuously observing decoding situation in receiver side and dynamically estimate throughput efficiency of different packet length and feedback the appropriate packet length to the transmitter, throughput efficiency can be maximized. Based upon our simulation results and theoretical analysis, with an optimized observation interval, throughput efficiency of IH-ARQ is maximized in changing channel conditions.
Dynamic Cooperative Sensing–Access Policy for Energy-Harvesting Cognitive Radio Systems (2016)

We consider energy-harvesting cognitive radio (CR) systems with finite batteries. The energy-constrained secondary users (SUs) can be coordinated to enhance both the primary user (PU) detection and the opportunistic utilization of the PU spectrum. We employ centralized cooperative spectrum sensing, and the optimal sensors are chosen from among the SUs with varied received PU signal power levels and energy-arrival rates. The finite-horizon partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) is applied to obtain the optimal cooperation among the SUs for sensing and access to maximize throughput with the available energy, while satisfying the PU detection constraint. The sensing-access policy decides whether to sense, the set of sensing SUs, the sensing detection threshold, and the SU that accesses the spectrum opportunities. The optimal policy achieves an optimum tradeoff between SU transmissions, preventing energy shortage and obtaining sensing information for the future gains.
Metastasis-associated 5T4 antigen disrupts cell-cell contacts and induces cellular motility in epithelial cells (1996)

The 5T4 antigen is defined by a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for human trophoblast. It is also expressed by many types of tumour cell and has been associated with metastasis and poor clinical outcome in a number of cancers. This pattern of expression is consistent with a mechanistic involvement of 5T4 molecules in the spread of cancer cells. The 5T4 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a 310 amino acid extracellular domain and a 44 amino acid cytoplasmic domain. Transfection of full-length 5T4 cDNA into epithelial cells alters cell-cell contacts and cellular motility. Thus, in 5T4-transfected CL-S1 murine mammary cells, 5T4 expression is associated with dendritic morphology, accompanied by abrogation of actin/cadherin-containing contacts and increased motility. In transfected MDCK canine kidney epithelial cells, 5T4 over-expression also results in increased motility, but disruption of cell-cell contacts, either by culturing cells in low calcium medium or by addition of HGF/SF, is needed. The effects of 5T4 expression on morphology and motility are separable since cells transfected with a truncated form of 5T4 cDNA in which the cytoplasmic domain is deleted reveal that the latter is necessary to abrogate actin/cadherin-containing contacts but does not influence the effects on motility. Thus, 5T4 molecules can deliver signals through both the extracellular and intracellular domains, and the resultant effects are consistent with a role for 5T4 molecules in invasion processes.
PTG Depletion Removes Lafora Bodies and Rescues the Fatal Epilepsy of Lafora Disease (2011)

Lafora disease is the most common teenage-onset neurodegenerative disease, the main teenage-onset form of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), and one of the severest epilepsies. Pathologically, a starch-like compound, polyglucosan, accumulates in neuronal cell bodies and overtakes neuronal small processes, mainly dendrites. Polyglucosan formation is catalyzed by glycogen synthase, which is activated through dephosphorylation by glycogen-associated protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). Here we remove PTG, one of the proteins that target PP1 to glycogen, from mice with Lafora disease. This results in near-complete disappearance of polyglucosans and in resolution of neurodegeneration and myoclonic epilepsy. This work discloses an entryway to treating this fatal epilepsy and potentially other glycogen storage diseases.
Performance enhancements for aperture coupled microstrip antennas (1992)

The authors present several modifications to the conventional aperture coupled microstrip antenna structure that further increase the antenna's bandwidth. The visibility of a stripline feed network is also demonstrated. The modifications are applicable when a microstrip feed network is employed but are especially useful when stripline is used due to the inherently lower feed-line to slot coupling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use, measles-mumps-rubella vaccination, and autistic disorder (2008)

The present study was performed to determine whether acetaminophen (paracetamol) use after the measles-mumps-rubella vaccination could be associated with autistic disorder. This case-control study used the results of an online parental survey conducted from 16 July 2005 to 30 January 2006, consisting of 83 children with autistic disorder and 80 control children. Acetaminophen use after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was significantly associated with autistic disorder when considering children 5 years of age or less (OR 6.11, 95% CI 1.42-26.3), after limiting cases to children with regression in development (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.11-14.3), and when considering only children who had post-vaccination sequelae (OR 8.23, 95% CI 1.56-43.3), adjusting for age, gender, mother's ethnicity, and the presence of illness concurrent with measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. Ibuprofen use after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was not associated with autistic disorder. This preliminary study found that acetaminophen use after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination was associated with autistic disorder.
Microcomputer-Compensated Crystal Oscillator for Low-Power Clocks (1989)

Abstract : Temperature-compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) are widely used in applications requiring precision frequency control or timing, especially when power availability is limited and the temperature range is wide. The best overall accuracy in wide temperature range (e.g., -55 deg C to +85 deg C) TCXO has remained at about 1 ppm for the past 30 years because of thermal hysteresis, the trim effect, and thermometry inaccuracies. In this paper a microcomputer-compensated crystal oscillator (MCXO) is described. This MCXO employs external compensation, i.e., there is no frequency pulling. It thus permits the use of a low-hysteresis, low deviation-sensitivity SC-cut crystal in a non-trimmed oscillator. Resonator self-temperature-sensing, using a dual-mode oscillator, virtually eliminates thermometry-related errors. As a consequence, all basic TCXO limitations are overcome or significantly reduced. The MCXO incorporating this technology is capable of providing at least 10- to 100-times improvement in overall frequency accuracy when compared to conventional TCXO. Milliseconds-per-day timekeeping accuracy, with an input power of less than 40 milliwatts, is now available.
The worldwide problem of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (1990)

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to both methicillin and aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) emerged during the late 1970s. They have now become established in hospitals throughout the world, and outbreaks of infection and colonization cause severe clinical and managerial problems. Therapeutic options are limited and clearance of the carrier state may be difficult. Much is known about the genetic and biochemical properties of the organisms but more work is necessary both to develop antibiotics active against these strains and to formulate effective measures for their control.
Pig Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: A New Resource for Generating Genetically Modified Pigs (2009)

Many human diseases … are the result of altered gene expression.We could generate pigs with the same genetic disorder by modifying the gene in pig iPS cells.These pigs would have a similar syndrome to that observed in human patients, and by using such pig models, we could develop therapies to treat the disease."
Life Extension Factor Klotho Enhances Cognition (2014)

Aging is the primary risk factor for cognitive decline, an emerging health threat to aging societies worldwide. Whether anti-aging factors such as klotho can counteract cognitive decline is unknown. We show that a lifespan-extending variant of the human KLOTHO gene, KL-VS, is associated with enhanced cognition in heterozygous carriers. Because this allele increased klotho levels in serum, we analyzed transgenic mice with systemic overexpression of klotho. They performed better than controls in multiple tests of learning and memory. Elevating klotho in mice also enhanced long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity, and enriched synaptic GluN2B, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit with key functions in learning and memory. Blockade of GluN2B abolished klotho-mediated effects. Surprisingly, klotho effects were evident also in young mice and did not correlate with age in humans, suggesting independence from the aging process. Augmenting klotho or its effects may enhance cognition and counteract cognitive deficits at different life stages.