gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Thermal Technology Uses Two-Wellhead Wells (2010)

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 120413, ’A Novel Thermal Technology of Formation Treatment Involves Bi-Wellhead Horizontal Wells,’ by R.R. Ibatullin, SPE, N.G. Ibragimov, SPE, R.S. Khisamov, A.T. Zaripov, and M.I. Amerkhanov, Tatneft, originally prepared for the 2009 SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Bahrain, 15-18 March. The Republic of Tatarstan possesses significant reserves of heavy oil and bitumen. The first pilot project on heavy-oil production through vertical wells dates back to the 1970s. A number of thermal methods were tested including in-situ combustion, cyclic-steam stimulation, and gas/steam-mixture injection. However, all these methods demonstrated their insufficiency. In 2006, a new pilot project was launched. This is a modified technology of steam stimulation through a pair of U-shaped horizontal wells. Introduction There are many applications of the steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) method in Alberta, Canada. The efficiency of the SAGD method greatly depends on the presence of water-saturated and shale interlayers in the reservoir section. In 2006, a new pilot project was launched in Ashalchinskoye field to test a modified low-pressure SAGD technology using a unique pair of U-shaped horizontal wells (two-wellhead wells) (Fig. 1). This technique overcomes some disadvantages of classic SAGD technology. This deposit occurs at approximately 78 m and has a rather complex structure. Water-saturated interlayers are found in the top and in highly oil-saturated zones of the formation, while shale stringers are found in the middle of the sequence. Both aquifers and tight, low-permeability, calcareous sandstones or a low-saturated reservoir can serve as the bottom of the formation. New Solutions To date, three pairs of U-shaped horizontal wells have been drilled in this area, with the length of horizontal wellbores from 200 to 400 m. The wells were drilled with a vertical drilling rig, hitting the surface at an angle, thus having two wellheads–vertical and slanted. Two parallel horizontal wells were completed with sand screens and were drilled one above the other at a vertical distance of 5 m between them. The process monitoring is carried out through vertical evaluation wells, and a fiber-optic cable is used for temperature measurement along the horizontal wellbore. The wells were completed by swabbing until mud and solids stopped being produced; then, steam was injected into both wells with the subsequent placing of the lower well on pump production; temperature was monitored along the wellbore length to determine lost-circulation zones and to control the profile of the wellbore heating.
Purification, Characterization, and Heterologous Expression in <i>Fusarium venenatum</i> of a Novel Serine Carboxypeptidase from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (1999)

A novel serine carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.16.1) was found in an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation broth and was purified to homogeneity. This enzyme has a molecular weight of ca. 67,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its specific activity is 21 U/mg for carbobenzoxy (Z)-Ala-Glu at pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C. It has a ratio of bimolecular constants for Z-Ala-Lys and Z-Ala-Phe of 3.75. Optimal enzyme activity occurs at pH 4 to 4.5 and 58 to 60 degrees C for Z-Ala-Ile. The N terminus of this carboxypeptidase is blocked. Internal fragments, obtained by cyanogen bromide digestion, were sequenced. PCR primers were then made based on the peptide sequence information, and the full-length gene sequence was obtained. An expression vector that contained the recombinant carboxypeptidase gene was used to transform a Fusarium venenatum host strain. The transformed strain of F. venenatum expressed an active recombinant carboxypeptidase. In F. venenatum, the recombinant carboxypeptidase produced two bands which had molecular weights greater than the molecular weight of the native carboxypeptidase from A. oryzae. Although the molecular weights of the native and recombinant enzymes differ, these enzymes have very similar kinetic parameters.
Signal transduction in myocardial ischaemia* (1994)

Journal Article Signal transduction in myocardial ischaemia Get access W. KÜBLER, W. KÜBLER University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Department of CardiologyHeidelberg, Germany Correspondence. Prof. Dr W. Kübler, Med. Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Kardiologie, Bergheimerstr. 58, 6900 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. H. STRASSER R. H. STRASSER University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Department of CardiologyHeidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 15, Issue 4, April 1994, Pages 437–445, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060523 Published: 01 April 1994 Article history Received: 22 July 1993 Revision received: 08 November 1993 Published: 01 April 1994
A high-speed bipolar LSI process using self-aligned double diffusion polysilicon technology (1986)

A Self-aligned Double Diffusion Polysilicon technology (SDD), assisted by the method of fabricating self-aligned polysilicon base electrodes, has been investigated for the application to high-speed bipolar LSIs and VLSIs. Very shallow emitter-base junctions -- 50nm-deep emitter and 100nm-wide base -- have been realized. A combination of SDD with the self-aligned polysilicon base method enabled to establish a process of fabricating 0.4µm-wide emitters for NPN transistors. The process also realized the active regions of transistors free from damages and the steady reproducibitily of emitter-base double diffusion as well. Cut-off frequency of the transistor was 14GHz under the conditions of 600µA collector current and 3V collector-emitter voltage. Minimum propagation delay time of 72ps was measured by the 51-stage LCML ring-oscillator.
QCD Thermodynamics: Confronting the Polyakov-Quark-Meson Model with Lattice QCD (2009)

Institut fu¨r Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany andExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fu¨rSchwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, GermanyNJL-type eﬀective models represent a low-energy realization of QCDand incorporate pertinent aspects such as chiral symmetry and its sponta-neous breaking, the center symmetry in the heavy-quarklimit as well as theaxial anomaly. One such model, the Polyakov-quark-mesonmodel for threelight quark ﬂavors, is introduced in order to study the phase structure ofstrongly-interacting matter. With recent high-statistics lattice QCD sim-ulations of the ﬁnite-temperature equation of state, a detailed comparisonwith model results becomes accessible. Such comparisons allow to estimatevolume and truncation eﬀects of quantities, obtained on the lattice andprovide possible lattice extrapolation procedures to ﬁnite chemical poten-tial which are important to locate a critical endpoint in the QCD phasediagram.PACS numbers: 12.38.Aw, 11.10.Wx , 11.30.Rd , 12.38.Gc
A review on exergy comparison of hydrogen production methods from renewable energy sources (2012)

Hydrogen is an important energy carrier which could play a very significant role in the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases. The route by which hydrogen is produced is the determining factor for its environmental performance. Hydrogen can be produced through methane reforming or through the electrolysis of water with the use of electricity or it can be produced directly by gasification from biomass. Renewable energy sources (RES) could be the feedstock for the two methods previously mentioned. The objective of this work is the comparison of hydrogen (H2) production processes using various renewable energy sources. This comparison is based on the exergy efficiency of each process. The renewable energy sources that have been used are: wind power, solar energy, hydroelectric power, and biomass. The solar energy systems that are used are photovoltaic and thermal. The biomass systems are divided into two categories: (a) electricity production through biomass combustion, (b) biomass gasification for the direct production of hydrogen. When in any of the processes electricity is produced, this electricity is used for the electrolysis process of water to produce hydrogen (and oxygen). Because hydrogen is transported in a liquid form, the liquefaction process is also taken into consideration in this work. The liquefaction process is very energy intensive and as a consequence it requires a lot of exergy. It has been found that the hydrogen production process with the highest exergy efficiency is the electrolysis using electricity from hydro power. This efficiency is 5.6%. The process with the lowest exergy efficiency is the one with electrolysis driven by electricity from solar energy photovoltaics. The efficiency of this process is 1.0%.
ConvNets experiments on SpiNNaker (2015)

The SpiNNaker Hardware platform allows emulating generic neural network topologies, where each neuron-to-neuron connection is defined by an independent synaptic weight. Consequently, weight storage requires an important amount of memory in the case of generic neural network topologies. This is solved in SpiNNaker by encapsulating with each SpiNNaker chip (which includes 18 ARM cores) a 128MB DRAM chip within the same package. However, ConvNets (Convolutional Neural Network) posses "weight sharing" property, so that many neuron-to-neuron connections share the same weight value. Therefore, a very reduced amount of memory is required to define all synaptic weights, which can be stored on local SRAM DTCM (data-tightly-coupled-memory) at each ARM core. This way, DRAM can be used extensively to store traffic data for off-line analyses. We show an implementation of a 5-layer ConvNet for symbol recognition. Symbols are obtained with a DVS camera. Neurons in the ConvNet operate in an event-driven fashion, and synapses operate instantly. With this approach it was possible to allocate up to 2048 neurons per ARM core, or equivalently 32k neurons per SpiNNaker chip.
Comparison of olefin copolymers as compatibilizers for polypropylene and high‐density polyethylene (2009)

Abstract Some polyolefin elastomers were compared as compatibilizers for blends of polypropylene (PP) with 30 wt % high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The compatibilizers included a multiblock ethylene–octene copolymer (OBC), two statistical ethylene–octene copolymers (EO), two propylene–ethylene copolymers (P/E), and a styrenic block copolymer (SBC). Examination of the blend morphology by AFM showed that the compatibilizer was preferentially located at the interface between the PP matrix and the dispersed HDPE particles. The brittle‐to‐ductile (BD) transition was determined from the temperature dependence of the blend toughness, which was taken as the area under the stress–strain curve. All the compatibilized blends had lower BD temperature than PP. However, the blend compatibilized with OBC had the best combination of low BD temperature and high toughness. Examination of the deformed blends by scanning electron microscopy revealed that in the best blends, the compatibilizer provided sufficient interfacial adhesion so that the HDPE domains were able to yield and draw along with the PP matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Image block encryption algorithm based on chaotic maps (2017)

Advanced in unpredictability, ergodicity and sensitivity to initial conditions and parameters, chaotic maps are widely used in modern image encryption algorithms. In this study, the authors propose a novel image block encryption algorithm based on several widely used chaotic maps. In their algorithm, the image blocking method is variable, and both shuffling and substitution algorithms are adopted based on different chaotic maps. Several simulations are provided to evaluate the performances of this encryption scheme. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is with high security level and fast encryption speed, which can be competitive with some other recently proposed image encryption algorithms.
Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements: Statistical Principles, Procedures and Tables (2006)

Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Standard Discrimination Tests. 3. Statistical Power Analysis for Standard Discrimination Tests. 4. Modified Discrimination Tests. 5. Multiple-Sample Discrimination Tests. 6. Replicated Discrimination Tests: Beta-Binomial (BB) Model. 7. Replicated Discrimination Tests: Corrected Beta-Binomial (CBB) Model. 8. Replicated Discrimination Tests: Dirichlet-Multinomial (DM) Model. 9. Measurements of Sensory Differences: Thurstonian Model. 10. Statistical Analysis for d' Data. 11. Similarity Testing. Appendix A. List of S-Plus Codes. Author Index. Subject Index
An Intramolecular Salt Bridge Linking TDP43 RNA Binding, Protein Stability, and TDP43-Dependent Neurodegeneration (2019)

The majority of individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) exhibit neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions rich in the RNA binding protein TDP43. Even so, the relation between the RNA binding properties of TDP43 and neurodegeneration remains obscure. Here, we show that engineered mutations disrupting a salt bridge between the RNA recognition motifs of TDP43 interfere with RNA binding and eliminate the recognition of native TDP43 substrates. The same mutations dramatically destabilize TDP43, alter its subcellular localization, and abrogate TDP43-dependent neurodegeneration. Worms harboring homologous TDP-1 mutations phenocopy knockout strains, confirming the necessity of salt bridge residues for TDP43 function. Moreover, the accumulation of functional TDP43, but not RNA binding-deficient variants, disproportionately affects transcripts encoding ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation components. These studies demonstrate the significance of the salt bridge in sustaining TDP43 stability and RNA binding properties, factors that are crucial for neurodegeneration arising from TDP43 deposition in ALS and FTD.
Introduction (2010)

Since publication in 1979 Isabel Rivers' sourcebook has established itself as the essential guide to English Renaissance poetry. It: provides an account of the main classical and Christian ideas, outlining their meaning, their origins and their transmission to the Renaissance; illustrates the ways in which Renaissance poetry drew on classical and Christian ideas; contains extracts from key classical and Christian texts and relates these to the extracts of the English poems which draw on them; includes suggestions for further reading, and an invaluable bibliographical appendix.
Robust coding schemes for indexing and retrieval from large face databases (2000)

This paper introduces two new coding schemes, probabilistic reasoning models (PRM) and enhanced FLD (Fisher linear discriminant) models (EFM), for indexing and retrieval of large image databases with applications to face recognition. The unifying theme of the new schemes is that of lowering the space dimension ("data compression") subject to increased fitness for the discrimination index.
Enflurane inhibits NMDA, AMPA, and kainate‐induced currents in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes expressing mouse and human brain mRNA (1993)

Effects of enflurane, an inhalational anesthetic, on NMDA, AMPA, and kainate-gated currents were examined in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing mouse or human brain mRNA. In oocytes expressing mouse mRNA, enflurane at an anesthetic concentration (1.8 mM) inhibited the NMDA-, AMPA-, and kainate-induced currents by 29-40%, 30-33%, and 20-27%, respectively, suggesting that all three glutamate ionotropic receptors are susceptible to suppression by inhalational anesthetics. Furthermore, inhibition by enflurane was independent of the concentrations of the agonists (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate) or the NMDA-coagonist (glycine). This suggests that enflurane inhibition does not result from a competitive interaction at glutamate or glycine binding sites. Enflurane also suppressed the oscillation and apparent desensitization of NMDA currents, suggesting an inhibition of Ca2+ influx through the NMDA channel. In oocytes expressing human brain mRNA, only kainate produced observable currents. Kainate currents of human channels were smaller in size than those of the mouse; however, the kainate concentration-response curve and percent inhibition (27-29%) by enflurane were similar for mice and humans. The results suggest that human and mouse kainate receptors have similar pharmacological characteristics.
기어피치분석 및 공정관측을 위한 PC 기반시스템 구축 (2002)

Gears are essential elements for mechanical power transmission. Geometric precision is the main factor for characterizing gear grade and quality. Gear pitch is one of the crucial measurements, which is defined as a distance between two adjacent gear teeth. It is well-known that variability in gear pitches may causes wear-out and vibration noise. Therefore maintaining pitch errors at a low level plays a key role in assuring the gear quality to customers. This paper is concerned with a case study, which presents a computerized system for inspecting pitch errors in a gear machining process. This system consists of a PC and window-based programs. Although the start and stop is manually accomplished, the process of measuring and analyzing pitch data is automatically conducted in this system. Our purpose lies in reducing inspection cost and time as well as increasing test reliability. Its operation is briefly illustrated by example. Sometimes a strong autocorrelation is observed from pitch data. We also discuss a process monitoring scheme taking account of autocorrelations.
Observed Antibody Space: A Resource for Data Mining Next-Generation Sequencing of Antibody Repertoires (2018)

Abs are immune system proteins that recognize noxious molecules for elimination. Their sequence diversity and binding versatility have made Abs the primary class of biopharmaceuticals. Recently, it has become possible to query their immense natural diversity using next-generation sequencing of Ig gene repertoires (Ig-seq). However, Ig-seq outputs are currently fragmented across repositories and tend to be presented as raw nucleotide reads, which means nontrivial effort is required to reuse the data for analysis. To address this issue, we have collected Ig-seq outputs from 55 studies, covering more than half a billion Ab sequences across diverse immune states, organisms (primarily human and mouse), and individuals. We have sorted, cleaned, annotated, translated, and numbered these sequences and make the data available via our Observed Antibody Space (OAS) resource at http://antibodymap.org The data within OAS will be regularly updated with newly released Ig-seq datasets. We believe OAS will facilitate data mining of immune repertoires for improved understanding of the immune system and development of better biotherapeutics.
Secretion of Genome-Free Hepatitis B Virus – Single Strand Blocking Model for Virion Morphogenesis of Para-retrovirus (2011)

As a para-retrovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus with a double-stranded (DS) DNA genome that is replicated by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate, the pregenomic RNA or pgRNA. HBV assembly begins with the formation of an "immature" nucleocapsid (NC) incorporating pgRNA, which is converted via reverse transcription within the maturing NC to the DS DNA genome. Only the mature, DS DNA-containing NCs are enveloped and secreted as virions whereas immature NCs containing RNA or single-stranded (SS) DNA are not enveloped. The current model for selective virion morphogenesis postulates that accumulation of DS DNA within the NC induces a "maturation signal" that, in turn, triggers its envelopment and secretion. However, we have found, by careful quantification of viral DNA and NCs in HBV virions secreted in vitro and in vivo, that the vast majority of HBV virions (over 90%) contained no DNA at all, indicating that NCs with no genome were enveloped and secreted as empty virions (i.e., enveloped NCs with no DNA). Furthermore, viral mutants bearing mutations precluding any DNA synthesis secreted exclusively empty virions. Thus, viral DNA synthesis is not required for HBV virion morphogenesis. On the other hand, NCs containing RNA or SS DNA were excluded from virion formation. The secretion of DS DNA-containing as well as empty virions on one hand, and the lack of secretion of virions containing single-stranded (SS) DNA or RNA on the other, prompted us to propose an alternative, "Single Strand Blocking" model to explain selective HBV morphogenesis whereby SS nucleic acid within the NC negatively regulates NC envelopment, which is relieved upon second strand DNA synthesis.
Comparative study of a novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase, CAZ-2, and the CTX-1 and CAZ-1 enzymes conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins (1988)

Infections caused by strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins have been observed recently in hospitals in Clermont-Ferrand, France. beta-Lactam resistance resulted primarily from the plasmid-mediated, expanded-spectrum CTX-1 beta-lactamase. Furthermore, since 1987 some K. pneumoniae isolates more resistant to ceftazidime than to other cephalosporins have been observed. This new resistance phenotype was the result of the production of ceftazidimase CAZ-1 and, more recently, CAZ-2. As in CTX-1-producing strains, resistance to beta-lactams resulting from CAZ-2 was associated with resistance to aminoglycosides except gentamicin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline and was transferable to Escherichia coli by conjugation. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA from wild-type strains and transconjugants indicated that CAZ-2 production was mediated by a plasmid of 85 kilobases highly related to plasmid pCFF04 coding for CTX-1 beta-lactamase. The isoelectric point, close to 6.0, of this novel enzyme differed from those of CTX-1 and CAZ-1. Like CAZ-1, the CAZ-2 enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed ceftazidime and aztreonam, but as with CTX-1, cefotaxime gave the maximal reaction rate. For each expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase, the activity of broad-spectrum cephalosporins was restored by clavulanic acid or sulbactam.
Gait analysis of people walking on tactile ground surface indicators (2005)

Tactile ground surface indicators installed on sidewalks help visually impaired people walk safely. The visually impaired distinguish the indicators by stepping into its convexities and following them. However, these indicators sometimes cause the nonvisually impaired to stumble. This study examines the effects of these indicators by comparing the kinematic and kinetic variables of walking on paths with and without indicators. The results suggest that walking on the indicators causes extra movements of the lower extremities such as increased minimum toe heights during the midswing phase, increased peak hip flex moments, and increased peak hip heights. This study also suggests that a functional leg length discrepancy while walking on the indicators is one of the reasons for the extra movements of the lower extremities. Therefore, we designed a new recessed tactile surface to offset the differences of surface depth while walking on the path containing indicators, and found that the newly designed recessed tactile surface was effective in reducing the extra movements while walking on the path in which indicators were installed. These indicators may help both the visually impaired and elderly people with normal vision to walk safely.