gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-temperature post-annealing to improve <i> J <sub>c</sub> </i> - <i>B</i> - <i>T</i> properties of MgB <sub>2</sub> thin film synthesized via hybrid deposition combining thermal evaporation of magnesium and sputtering of boron (2021)

Abstract A new in situ process for depositing MgB 2 film is being developed in the present study as a candidate method to facilitate the mass production of MgB 2 -thin-film superconducting tapes. Here, a MgB 2 film was synthesized on a heated copper substrate via “hybrid deposition,” comprising thermal evaporation of magnesium and sputtering of boron. High-temperature post-annealing was performed to increase the critical current density ( J c ) of the MgB 2 thin films obtained via hybrid deposition. The J c of the MgB 2 film deposited at 360 °C by hybrid deposition and post-annealed at 430 °C was drastically improved to 1100 A mm −2 at 20 K under 4 T, 79 000 A mm −2 at 15 K under 3 T, and 59 000 A mm −2 at 10 K under 5 T under a magnetic field parallel to the film. It was expected that the incorporation of hybrid deposition in processing using a reel-to-reel machine would facilitate the synthesis of high- J c , long MgB 2 -thin-film superconducting wires.
Determination of optimal wind turbine alignment into the wind and detection of alignment changes with SCADA data (2018)

Abstract. Upwind horizontal axis wind turbines need to be aligned with the main wind direction to maximize energy yield. Attempts have been made to improve the yaw alignment with advanced measurement equipment but most of these techniques introduce additional costs and rely on alignment tolerances with the rotor axis or the true north. Turbines that are well aligned after commissioning may suffer an alignment degradation during their operational lifetime. Such changes need to be detected as soon as possible to minimize power losses. The objective of this paper is to propose a three-step methodology to improve turbine alignment and detect changes during operational lifetime with standard nacelle metrology (met) mast instruments (here: two cup anemometer and one wind vane). In step one, a reference turbine and an external undisturbed reference wind signal, e.g., met mast or lidar are used to determine flow corrections for the nacelle wind direction instruments to obtain a turbine alignment with optimal power production. Secondly a nacelle wind speed correction enables the application of the previous step without additional external measurement equipment. Step three is a monitoring application and allows the detection of alignment changes on the wind direction measurement device by means of a flow equilibrium between the two anemometers behind the rotor. The three steps are demonstrated at two 2 MW turbines together with a ground-based lidar. A first-order multilinear regression model gives sufficient correction of the flow distortion behind the rotor for our purposes and two wind vane alignment changes are detected with an accuracy of ±1.4∘ within 3 days of operation after the change is introduced. We show that standard turbine equipment is able to align a turbine with sufficient accuracy and changes to its alignment can be detected in a reasonably short time, which helps to minimize power losses.
Low-Profile, Highly-Selective, Dual-Band Frequency Selective Surfaces With Closely Spaced Bands of Operation (2010)

We present a new design of a dual-band frequency selective surface (FSS) with closely spaced bands of operation and a highly-selective frequency response at each band. A multi-stage design procedure is also proposed for the design and synthesis of this class of frequency selective surfaces. The design procedure is based on synthesizing the desired device from its equivalent circuit parameter values. An approximate analytical technique is provided, which can be used to determine the values of the equivalent circuit parameters of this dual-band device from the basic system level characteristics of its transfer function including the center frequencies of operations of its two bands of operation and the bandwidth at each of these bands. The use of this design procedure is described in detail by a design example which follows the proposed design procedure step by step; the validity of the procedure is verified using full-wave EM simulations and experimental characterization of a fabricated prototype of the proposed device. Experimental characterizations of this device show that it has a stable frequency response as a function of angle of incidence for both the transverse electric (TE) and the transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. This stability is attributed to the extremely small overall thickness of the structure as well as its small unit cell dimensions.
Coarse-to-fine Face Alignment with Multi-Scale Local Patch Regression (2015)

Facial landmark localization plays an important role in face recognition and analysis applications. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to a coarse-to-fine pipeline with neural networks and sequential regression. First, a global convolutional network is applied to the holistic facial image to give an initial landmark prediction. A pyramid of multi-scale local image patches is then cropped to feed to a new network for each landmark to refine the prediction. As the refinement network outputs a more accurate position estimation than the input, such procedure could be repeated several times until the estimation converges. We evaluate our system on the 300-W dataset [11] and it outperforms the recent state-of-the-arts.
Determination of formaldehyde in electroless copper plating solution by potentiometric titration. (1990)

The concentration of formaldehyde in electroless copper plating solution was determined by potentiometric titration with hydroxylamine hydrochloride using silver as the indicator electrode.
Optical isolator for silicon-on-insulator circuits (2008)

An optical isolator is fabricated for silicon-on-insulator circuits. The isolator, which employs a nonreciprocal phase shift in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, is fabricated by directly bonding a magneto-optic garnet on a Si waveguide. A maximum isolation of 21 dB is obtained at 1559 nm.
Genetic Control of Sex Determination in Birds and the Potential for Its Manipulation (1993)

The sex determination systems of Drosophila, birds, marsupial mammals, and eutherian mammals are briefly reviewed. Evidence from poultry polyploids, aneuploids, and gynandromorphs suggests that avian sex is determined by Z to autosome ratio and also that avian sex-limited traits may be under both cell-autonomous and hormonal controls. To identify aneuploids in avian populations, a cDNA clone linked to both the Z and W chromosomes of many avian groups was used to screen large numbers of psittacine birds and identified five birds with atypical patterns of restriction fragments. Two of these birds were examined by laparoscopy and found to be intersexes. These preliminary observations indicate that structural changes in the Z and W chromosomes result in alterations of sex determination.
Person attribute search for large-area video surveillance (2011)

This paper describes novel video analytics technology which allows an operator to search through large volumes of surveillance video data to find persons that match a particular attribute profile. Since the proposed technique is geared for surveillance of large areas, this profile consists of attributes that are observable at a distance (including clothing information, hair color, gender, etc) rather than identifying information at the face level. The purpose of this tool is to allow security staff or investigators to quickly locate a person-of-interest in real time (e.g., based on witness descriptions) or to speed up the process of video-based forensic investigations. The proposed algorithm consists of two main components: a technique for detecting individual moving persons in large and potentially crowded scenes, and an algorithm for scoring how well each detection matches a given attribute profile based on a generative probabilistic model. The system described in this paper has been implemented as a proof-of-concept interactive software tool and has been applied to different test video datasets, including collections in an airport terminal and collections in an outdoor environment for law enforcement monitoring. This paper discusses performance statistics measured on these datasets, as well as key algorithmic challenges and useful extensions of this work based on end-user feedback.
Artificial parameter homotopy methods for the DC operating point problem (1993)

Efficient and robust computation of one or more of the operating points of a nonlinear circuit is a necessary first step in a circuit simulator. The application of globally convergent probability-one homotopy methods to various systems of nonlinear equations that arise in circuit simulation is discussed. The coercivity conditions required for such methods are established using concepts from circuit theory. The theoretical claims of global convergence for such methods are substantiated by experiments with a collection of examples that have proved difficult for commercial simulation packages that do not use homotopy methods. Moreover, by careful design of the homotopy equations, the performance of the homotopy methods can be made quite reasonable. An extension to the steady-state problem in the time domain is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis techniques for predicated code (1996)

Predicated execution offers new approaches to exploiting instruction-level parallelism (ILP), but it also presents new challenges for compiler analysis and optimization. In predicated code, each operation is guarded by a boolean operand whose run-time value determines whether the operation is executed or nullified. While research has shown the utility of predication in enhancing ILP, there has been little discussion of the difficulties surrounding compiler support for predicated execution. Conventional program analysis tools (e.g. data flow analysis) assume that operations execute unconditionally within each basic block and thus make incorrect assumptions about the run-rime behavior of predicated code. These tools can be modified to be correct without requiring predicate analysis, but this yields overly-conservative results in crucial areas such as scheduling and register allocation. To generate high-quality code for machines offering predicated execution, a compiler must incorporate information about relations between predicates into its analysis. We present new techniques for analyzing predicated code. Operations which compute predicates are analyzed to determine relations between predicate values. These relations are captured in a graph-based data structure, which supports efficient manipulation of boolean expression representing facts about predicated code. This approach forms the basis for predicate-sensitive data flow analysis. Conventional data flow algorithms can be systematically upgraded to be predicate sensitive by incorporating information about predicates. Predicate-sensitive data flow analysis yields significantly more accurate results than conventional data flow analysis when applied to predicated code.
Neural network based feed-forward high density associative memory (1987)

A novel thin film approach to neural network based high density associative memory is described. The information is stored locally in a memory matrix of passive, nonvolatile, binary connection elements with a potential to achieve a storage density of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> bits/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Microswitches based on memory switching in thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and alternatively in manganese oxide, have been used as programmable read-only memory (PROM) elements. Low energy switching has been ascertained in both these materials. Fabrication and testing of memory matrix is described. High speed associative recall approaching 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> bits/sec and high storage capacity in such a connection matrix memory system is also described.
Novel FLC- Materials Open New Possibilities for FLCoS Based Microdisplays and Video Projectors (2015)

A video projector with liquid crystal microdisplay based on FLCoS- structure is considered, and the new low-voltage ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) with a compensated helix as an electro-optical material providing physically realizable continuous gray scale hysteresis-free modulation characteristic is proposed to use in FLCoS. As light sources in RGB color channels the laser diodes of red, green and blue light are proposed to use. To prevent the interference of light beams resulting in the speckle noise appearance in output images it is proposed to input a despeckler – single FLC cell into an optical unit of information readout, in order this cell implemented fast electrically controlled spatially- inhomogeneous phase light modulation with a depth of ≥π. To form on a screen the large data blocks with information capacity of 108…109 pixels and with different geometric configuration a two-dimensional scanner is proposed to use, which is optically coupled to a screen and optical unit of information readout. Possible technical results - increasing the frame rate up to 600 Hz as a minimum, the color gamut expansion, increasing a brightness of images, suppression of the speckle noise, - can be used not only in new devices of information visualization and displaying, but also in systems of data storage and processing and others.
Stem Cells and Healing: Impact on Inflammation (2013)

MSCs may be more useful if they are preactivated with inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha or interferon gamma. This article will review the current literature with regard to the use of stem cells for wound healing. In addition the anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs will be discussed along with the potential benefits of stem cell preactivation.
CrossMotion (2014)

Identifying and tracking people and mobile devices indoors has many applications, but is still a challenging problem. We introduce a cross-modal sensor fusion approach to track mobile devices and the users carrying them. The CrossMotion technique matches the acceleration of a mobile device, as measured by an onboard internal measurement unit, to similar acceleration observed in the infrared and depth images of a Microsoft Kinect v2 camera. This matching process is conceptually simple and avoids many of the difficulties typical of more common appearance-based approaches. In particular, CrossMotion does not require a model of the appearance of either the user or the device, nor in many cases a direct line of sight to the device. We demonstrate a real time implementation that can be applied to many ubiquitous computing scenarios. In our experiments, CrossMotion found the person's body 99% of the time, on average within 7cm of a reference device position.
Rank Metric Decoder Architectures for Random Linear Network Coding With Error Control (2011)

While random linear network coding is a powerful tool for disseminating information in communication networks, it is highly susceptible to errors caused by various sources. Due to error propagation, errors greatly deteriorate the throughput of network coding and seriously undermine both reliability and security of data. Hence, error control for network coding is vital. Recently, constant-dimension codes (CDCs), especially Kötter-Kschischang (KK) codes, have been proposed for error control in random linear network coding. KK codes can also be constructed from Gabidulin codes, an important class of rank metric codes. Rank metric decoders have been recently proposed for both Gabidulin and KK codes, but they have high computational complexities. Furthermore, it is not clear whether such decoders are feasible and suitable for hardware implementations. In this paper, we reduce the complexities of rank metric decoders and propose novel decoder architectures for both codes. The synthesis results of our decoder architectures for Gabidulin and KK codes with limited error-correcting capabilities over small fields show that our architectures not only are affordable, but also achieve high throughput.
Structured Light Field Design for Correspondence Free Rotation Estimation (2015)

Many vision and augmented reality applications require knowing the rotation of the camera relative to an object or scene. In this paper we propose to create a structured light field designed explicitly to simplify the estimation of camera rotation. The light field is created using a lenticular sheet with a color coded backplane pattern, creating a light field where the observed color depends on the direction of the light. We show that a picture taken within such a light field gives linear constraints on the K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> R matrix that defines the camera calibration and rotation. In this work we derive an optimization that uses these constraints to rapidly estimate rotation, demonstrate a physical prototype and characterize its sensitivity to errors in the camera focal length and camera color sensitivity.
A New Method of Stress Calculation in Spot Welded Joint and Its Application to Fatigue Life Prediction of Actual Vehicle (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A method of fatigue life prediction of spot welded joint under multi-axial loads has been developed by fatigue life estimation working groups in the committee on fatigue strength and structural reliability of JSAE. This method is based on the concept of nominal structural stress ( <i>σ</i> ns) proposed by Radaj and Rupp, and improved so that D value is not involved in stress calculation. The result of fatigue life estimation of actual vehicle with nominal structural stress which was calculated through newly developed method had very good correlation with the result of multi-axial loads fatigue test carried out with test piece including high strength steel.</div>
Confidence estimation for machine translation (2004)

We present a detailed study of confidence estimation for machine translation. Various methods for determining whether MT output is correct are investigated, for both whole sentences and words. Since the notion of correctness is not intuitively clear in this context, different ways of defining it are proposed. We present results on data from the NIST 2003 Chinese-to-English MT evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMORPHOUS SUBSTITUTION IN ZEOLITE FRAMEWORKS. 1. ACIDITY OF SURFACE HYDROXYLS IN (B)‐, (FE)‐, (GA)‐, AND (AL)‐ZSM‐5 (1985)

Abstract Die Netzwerk‐substituierten Zeolithe werden mittels FTIR und Temp.‐programmierter NH 3 ‐Desorption charakterisiert.
Liposome flow injection immunoassay: implications for sensitivity, dynamic range, and antibody regeneration (1990)

We have developed a liposome-based flow injection immunoassay (FIIA) system for quantitation of a clinical analyte, theophylline. With very minor changes in assay format, this procedure can also be used for the quantitation of anti-theophylline. Automated sequential analyses were performed at room temperature with picomole sensitivity and a day-to-day coefficient of variation of less than 5% for aqueous solutions. The system components include liposomes that contain fluorophores in their aqueous centers and an immobilized-antibody reactor column. The immunoreactor was regenerated hundreds of times over 3 months of continuous use with no measurable loss of antibody activity. The two assay formats studied produced distinct dynamic ranges for their respective analytes. The special advantages of using flow injection analysis for immunoassays and of using liposomes in FIIA are discussed.
Neural Models for Key Phrase Extraction and Question Generation (2018)

We propose a two-stage neural model to tackle question generation from documents. First, our model estimates the probability that word sequences in a document are ones that a human would pick when selecting candidate answers by training a neural key-phrase extractor on the answers in a question-answering corpus. Predicted key phrases then act as target answers and condition a sequence-tosequence question-generation model with a copy mechanism. Empirically, our keyphrase extraction model significantly outperforms an entity-tagging baseline and existing rule-based approaches. We further demonstrate that our question generation system formulates fluent, answerable questions from key phrases. This twostage system could be used to augment or generate reading comprehension datasets, which may be leveraged to improve machine reading systems or in educational settings.
Adaptive resource scheduling in wireless OFDMA relay networks (2012)

The ability of relay networks to improve capacity and coverage has led to their adoption in next generation wireless broadband networks (WiMAX, LTE-advanced). Unlike conventional cellular networks, there is a multitude of design features that impacts the performance of these relay networks. This has consequently increased the need for efficient scheduling algorithms to optimize such design features. The focus of this work is to improve relay network throughput through adaptive resource usage in the form of two key design features - (i) adaptive frame segmentation, and (ii) spatial reuse - that are allowed by the relay standard. To this end, we design efficient scheduling algorithms that optimize these two features jointly. We provide both algorithms with performance guarantees as well as those with fast running times. Our study reveals that with the help of properly designed scheduling algorithms, adaptive resource usage can (i) boost the network throughput performance by up to 50%; and (ii) optimize network throughput effectively, providing an effect similar to dynamic relay placement.
Physical Stability of Whey Protein‐stabilized Oil‐in‐water Emulsions at pH 3: Potential ω‐3 Fatty Acid Delivery Systems (Part A) (2004)

ABSTRACT: The oxidative stability of polyunsaturated lipids can be improved by incorporating them in oil droplets surrounded by positively charged whey protein isolate (WPI) membranes. This study dealt with the factors that influence the physical properties of WPI‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions at pH 3. Emulsions containing 5 to 50 wt% corn oil and 0.5 to 5.0 wt% WPI (protein‐to‐oil ratio of 1:10) were prepared at pH 3. The apparent viscosity of the emulsions increased appreciably at oil concentrations ≥ 35 wt%; however, the particle size was relatively independent of oil concentration. The influence of NaCl (0 to 250 m M ) on the physical properties of 28 wt% emulsions was examined. Significant increases in mean particle size, apparent viscosity, and creaming instability occurred at ≥150 m M NaCl, which were attributed to flocculation induced by screening of the electrostatic repulsion between droplets. The influence of heat treatment (30°C to 90°C for 30 min) on 28 wt% emulsions was examined in the absence and presence of salt, respectively. At 0 m M NaCl, heating had little effect on the physical properties of the emulsions, presumably because the electrostatic repulsion between the droplets prevented droplet aggregation. At 150 m M NaCl, the mean particle diameter, apparent viscosity, and creaming instability of the emulsions increased considerably when they were heated above a critical temperature, which was 70°C when salt was added before heating and 90°C when salt was added after heating. These results have important implications for the design of WPI‐stabilized emulsions that could be used to incorporate functional lipids that are sensitive to oxidation, for example, ω‐3 fatty acids.