gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Assessment of Ex Vivo Lung Tissue Properties Using a Fluid-Filled Negative Pressure Bath (2014)

A relationship between tendon stress and strain and ultrasonic echo intensity has previously been defined in tendons, demonstrating a correlation between tissue stiffness and echo intensity. An analogous relationship between volume-dependent pressure changes and echo intensity changes in inflating lungs would indicate a correlation between lung compliance and echo intensity. Lung compliance is an important metric to diagnose pathologies which affect lung tissue mechanics, such as emphysema and cystic fibrosis. The goal of this study is to demonstrate a correlation between ultrasound echo intensity and lung tissue mechanics in an ex vivo model using a fluid-filled negative pressure bath design which provides a controlled environment for ultrasonic and mechanical measurements. Lungs from 4 male Sprague-Dawley rats were removed and mechanically tested via inflation and deflation in a negative pressure chamber filled with hetastarch. Specific volumes (1, 2, 3, and 4 mL) were removed from the chamber using a syringe to create negative pressure, which resulted in lung inflation. A pressure transducer recorded the pressure around the lungs. From these data, lung compliance was calculated. Ultrasound images were captured through the chamber wall to determine echo intensity (grayscale brightness in the ultrasound image), which was then related to mechanical parameters. Ultrasound images of the lung were successfully captured through the chamber wall with sufficient resolution to deduce echo intensity changes in the lung tissue. Echo intensity (0-255 scale) increased with volumetric changes (18.4 ± 5.5, 22.6 ± 5.1, 26.1 ± 7.5, and 42.9 ± 19.5 for volumetric changes of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL) in a pattern similar to pressure (-6.8 ± 1.7, -6.8 ± 1.4, -9.4 ± 0.7, and -16.9 ± 6.8 cm H2O for 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL), reflecting changes in lung compliance. Measured rat lung tissue compliance was comparable to reported values from ex vivo lungs (0.178 ± 0.067, 0.378 ± 0.051, 0.427 ± 0.062, and 0.350 ± 0.160 mL/cm H20 for 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL), supporting proof of concept for the experimental method. Changes in echo intensity reflected changes in lung compliance in this ex vivo model, thus, supporting our hypothesis that the stiffness-related changes in echo intensity originally seen in tendon can be similarly detected in lung tissue. The presented ultrasound-based methods allowed measurement of local lung tissue compliance in a controlled environment, however, the methods could be expanded to facilitate both ex vivo and in vivo studies.
BHT Blocks NF‐<i>κ</i>B activation and Ethanol‐Induced Brain Damage (2006)

Binge-induced brain damage and activation of NF-kappaB-DNA binding are blocked by BHT. These studies support a neuroinflammatory mechanism of binge ethanol-induced brain damage.
Polarisation-insensitive coherent receiver using a double balanced optical hybrid system (1987)

A prototype polarisation-insensitive double balanced receiver for coherent lightwave communication is demonstrated and described in the letter. This receiver has been tested in a 40Mbit/s DPSK self-heterodyne system. The maximum variation in the amplitude of the recovered data is only about 0.8 dB under random variation of the signal polarisation. The cause of this variation is also discussed.
Women in medicine: toward a conceptual understanding of the potential for change. (1993)

In 1959 only 6% of Canadian medical school graduates were women, but by 1989 44% of graduating classes were female. Recent data indicate that women are more likely than men to work as general practitioners, in groups, in urban settings, and on salary; to work fewer hours per week and to see fewer patients. In this paper we address the ongoing discussion of the impact of women's progressive entry into medicine. We suggest that a shortcoming of the discussion thus far has been its preoccupation with a descriptive examination of women physicians' professional characteristics and practices; sufficient attention has yet to be paid to the development of a clearer conceptual understanding of the nature of gender differences and the potential for change they imply. Using data from quantitative and qualitative phases of a national study of Canadian physicians, we address the relationship between gender differences in practice and underlying attitudes and values and identify alternative hypotheses about the potential for change created as more women enter medicine. We suggest that this potential goes beyond professional demographics and workloads to the doctor-patient relationship, but that the extent of change will be mediated by the socializing impact of medical school and the extent to which women physicians are included in or excluded from positions of power within the profession. We suggest also, that to meaningfully understand and document change, greater attention must be given to arguments that women and men view the world in qualitatively different ways.
A computational approach to study functional monomer-protein molecular interactions to optimize protein molecular imprinting (2017)

Molecular imprinting has become a promising approach for synthesis of polymeric materials having binding sites with a predetermined selectivity for a given analyte, the so-called molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which can be used as artificial receptors in various application fields. Realization of binding sites in a MIP involves the formation of prepolymerization complexes between a template molecule and monomers, their subsequent polymerization, and the removal of the template. It is believed that the strength of the monomer-template interactions in the prepolymerization mixture influences directly on the quality of the binding sites in a MIP and consequently on its performance. In this study, a computational approach allowing the rational selection of an appropriate monomer for building a MIP capable of selectively rebinding macromolecular analytes has been developed. Molecular docking combined with quantum chemical calculations was used for modeling and comparing molecular interactions among a model macromolecular template, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and 1 of 3 electropolymerizable functional monomers: m-phenylenediamine (mPD), dopamine, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, as well as to predict the probable arrangement of multiple monomers around the protein. It was revealed that mPD was arranged more uniformly around IgG participating in multiple H-bond interactions with its polar residues and, therefore, could be considered as more advantageous for synthesis of a MIP for IgG recognition (IgG-MIP). These theoretical predictions were verified by the experimental results and found to be in good agreement showing higher binding affinity of the mPD-based IgG-MIP toward IgG as compared with the IgG-MIPs generated from the other 2 monomers.
Improved Detection Limits and Unbiased Selectivity Coefficients Obtained by Using Ion-Exchange Resins in the Inner Reference Solution of Ion-Selective Polymeric Membrane Electrodes (2000)

By using a high concentration of an interfering ion and a low one of the primary ion in the inner reference solution of polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), the lower detection limit may be improved and unbiased thermodynamic selectivity coefficients may be obtained. To this purpose, a cation-exchange resin is used here to keep the low concentration of the primary cation constant. Different compositions of the internal solution are required for obtaining optimal lower detection limits and unbiased selectivity coefficients. All ISEs studied here, i.e., for K+, Ca2+, and NH4+, based on valinomycin, ETH 5234, and nonactin/monactin, respectively, show improved lower detection limits in the range of 10(-7.6) (NH4+) to 10(-8.8) M (Ca2+). Nernstian responses and, therefore, unbiased selectivity coefficients are obtained with the K+-ISE for the discriminated ions, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+.
High microwave permittivity of multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (2004)

Complex permittivity spectra of the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-epoxy composites with mass concentrations up to 25.9% were measured from 10 MHz to 20 GHz. The composites exhibit high real and imaginary relative permittivities over broad bandwidth, showing strong dependence on the MWNT loading. It is observed that distinct resonance takes place at ∼1.5 GHz, with the corresponding resonant frequency shifts downward as the MWNT concentration increases. The origin of the dielectric properties is explained in terms of the dielectric relaxation/resonance and electrical conduction behavior of the nanotube composites, substantiated by the agreement between simulation and experimental data.
Improved performance of Schottky diodes on pendeoepitaxial gallium nitride (2008)

We designed experiments to investigate the role of dislocation density on the performance of Schottky diodes fabricated on a GaN material grown conventionally and by pendeo-epitaxy. Devices of varying geometries were fabricated on low defect density GaN regions grown selectively via pendeo-epitaxy. In addition, corresponding devices were fabricated on the conventional GaN material with a high density of dislocations. Schottky diodes fabricated on pendeo-material showed nearly two orders of magnitude lower leakage current and displayed improved ideality factor, while diodes built on a conventional material displayed nonideal characteristics.
Acquisition is Good for Business Financial Health (2014)

Technology is the supremacy and supremacy is your duty, effective technology is use for all betterment, not for individual gain. This script is about to evaluate the financial positing of Faebook and compare to the industry, with particular focus on Facebook decision to acquire WhatsApp in Feb, 2014 that decision is better for Facebook financial positing or not. Collecte financial statements data of Facebook and industry from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2013, use secondary data. We find out that Facebook financial positing is strong as compare to industry but it is not growth as compare to its previous positing. So the decision of acquire to WhatsApp is better for Facebook future financial positing. Due to this study a financial manager of technology industry or any other industry suggest to upper level of management use following tactics that is use by Facebook to gain their positing if company is downturn condition. This study provide the help to students of MBA as well as MS specially finance specialization due to this study such students are able how to check company financial positing and how it is compare to the industry or competitors.
Analysis of the Structure of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate by High-Resolution Separation of Oligosaccharides (1997)

Heparin and heparan sulfate are mixtures of highly sulfated linear polysaccharides having a molecular weight (MW) ranging from 5000 to 40,000 with an MW avg of 10,000 to 25,000 (1). They are members of a family of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Both heparin and heparan sulfate are biosynthesized as a repeating →4)α-D-GlcNpAc(1→4)-β-D-GlcAp(1→ disaccharide sequence that undergoes partial N-deacetylation followed by N-sulfation of the newly exposed amino groups, partial C-5 epimerization of D-GlcAp to L-IdoAp and O-sulfation. A single disaccharide sequence, [→4)α-D-GlcNpS6S-(1→4)-a-L-IdoAp2S (1→], accounts for 80 to 90% of the heparin polymer. Minor sequences contain (β-D-GlcAp residues, reduced sulfation as well as N-acetylation. Heparan sulfate is structurally similar to heparin but has substantially lower sulfation. Heparan sulfate consists primarily of unsulfated disaccharide [→4)α-D-GlcNpS-(1→4)-β-D-GlcAp(1 →] and monosulfated disaccharides [→4)α-D-GlcNpS-(1→4)-β-D-GlcAp(1→] and [→4)α-D-GlcNpAc6S(1→4)-β-D-GlcAp(1 →].
SPRINKMOD - Simulation of pressure and discharge distributions in pressurized irrigation systems: graphical interface and strategy of design. (1998)

SPRINKMOD is a computer model that simulates pressure and flow rate distributions along pipes and laterals of pressurized irrigation systems. The software runs in a WINDOWS environment and simulates irrigation systems having multiple pump stations combined in series and/or in parallel, booster pump stations, parallel pipes and looping pipes in addition to more traditional, branched pressurized irrigation systems. Lateral types include hand-move, wheel line and center pivot lateral that may utilize pressure regulators and booster pumps. Leakage is included in the main pipe network and along the laterals and effects of plugged or worn nozzles are accounted for. Pratically any type of nozzle and pump can be simulated since cubic spline functions are used to interpolate values from head-flow rate sets of data. Algorithms were developed and adapted to convert laterals into a single set of head-flow rate data so that a simplified algorithm can be used to solve the entire pipe network. A user-friendly interface is used to allow data for pumps, nozzle and pressure regulators to be interactively entered, edited and analyzed. The layout of the irrigation system is drawn on screen using the mouse.
Neoglycoproteins: in vitro introduction of glycosyl units at glutamines in .beta.-casein using transglutaminase (1984)

Exploring different methods for preparing neoglycoproteins with a specific number of oligosaccharides in specific positions, we have used guinea pig liver transglutaminase to incorporate glycosyl units into glutamine residues in beta-casein. In order to prevent epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-link formation, the lysine residues of beta-casein were first blocked either by amidination with ethyl acetimidate or by acylation with succinic anhydride. The glycosyl donor substrates prepared for this work were maltotriose reductively aminated with cadaverine, N-(Glc-Glc-glucitol-1)-cadaverine, and an asparaginyl nonasaccharide from ovalbumin modified with a 6-aminohexanoyl group at the alpha-amino group. The transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of these two donors into the beta-casein derivatives was monitored in comparison to the incorporation of the commonly used transglutaminase substrate dansylcadaverine under conditions of optimal incorporation (multiple additions of enzyme, large excess of donor, and long incubation time). For both dansylcadaverine and Glc-Glc-Glc(OH)-cadaverine, 5 and 8 mol of donor were incorporated per mol of amidinated and succinylated beta-casein, respectively. Competition experiments showed that the two donor substrates are incorporated into the same glutamine sites. Partial sequencing of the glycosylated beta-casein permitted the identification of glutamine residues 56, 79, 167, 175, and 194 as the primary sites of incorporation in amidinated casein with residues 54 and 182 as possible sites for partial glycosylation. The results are consistent with a specific glycosylation of only selected glutamines in this transglutaminase-catalyzed process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimizing Product Line Designs: Efficient Methods and Comparisons (2008)

We take advantage of recent advances in optimization methods and computer hardware to identify globally optimal solutions of product line design problems that are too large for complete enumeration. We then use this guarantee of global optimality to benchmark the performance of more practical heuristic methods. We use two sources of data: (1) a conjoint study previously conducted for a real product line design problem, and (2) simulated problems of various sizes. For both data sources, several of the heuristic methods consistently find optimal or near-optimal solutions, including simulated annealing, divide-and-conquer, product-swapping, and genetic algorithms.
Performance Evaluation of Attribute-Based Encryption in Automotive Embedded Platform for Secure Software Over-The-Air Update (2021)

This paper aims to show that it is possible to improve security for over the air update functionalities in an automotive scenario through the use of a cryptographic scheme, called "Attribute-Based-Encryption" (ABE), which grants confidentiality to the software/firmware update done Over The Air (OTA). We demonstrate that ABE is seamlessly integrable into the state of the art solutions regarding the OTA update by showing that the overhead of the ABE integration in terms of computation time and its storage is negligible w.r.t. the other overheads that are introduced by the OTA process, also proving that security can be enhanced with a minimum cost. In order to support our claim, we report the experimental results of an implementation of the proposed ABE OTA technique on a Xilinx ZCU102 evaluation board, which is an automotive-oriented HW/SW platform that is equipped with a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC chip that is representative of the computing capability of real automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs).
User-Level Checkpointing for LinuxThreads Programs (2001)

Rights to individual papers remain with the author or the author&apos;s employer. Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes. This copyright notice must be included in the reproduced paper. USENIX acknowledges all trademarks herein.
STED Nanoscopy in Living Cells Using Fluorogen Activating Proteins (2009)

We demonstrate the effectiveness of a genetically encoded Malachite Green (MG) binding fluorogen activating protein (FAP) for live cell stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy (STED). Both extracellular and intracellular FAPs were tested in living cells using fluorogens with either membrane expressed FAP or as an intracellular FAP-actin fusion. Structures with FWHM of 110-122nm were observed. Depletion data however suggests a resolution of 70nm with the given instrument.
Methodology in preserving field-collected flies for bluetongue virus assay. (1985)

Preliminary tests were conducted to evaluate the use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a collecting medium for the preservation of flies for virus assay from our bluetongue (BT) study areas in Colorado, USA. These tests were made possible by the use of a colony of Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) that is highly susceptible to infection with BT virus (BTV).
Expression of an amino acid biosynthesis gene in tomato flowers: developmental upregulation and MeJa response are parenchyma‐specific and mutually compatible (1995)

The gene coding for threonine deaminase (TD), the enzyme which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, was isolated from tomato as a consequence of its unusual 500‐fold upregulation in floral organs. It was subsequently shown that TD is induced in potato leaves in response to wounding, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate (MeJa). Detailed analysis presented here, reveals an intricate developmental regulation pattern of gene expression in flowers that is operating solely in parenchyma territories. Yet, despite its high pre‐existing expression level, TD in flowers can be further induced by MeJa. Induction of TD in flowers as well as in leaves is effective only in the parenchyma domains, irrespective of the prior expression levels. TD is neither expressed nor induced in epidermal, vascular or sporogenous tissues. Promoter analysis in transgenic tomato plants indicates that induction of TD follows identical kinetics in flowers and leaves. Furthermore, the ‘conditioning’ of developmental upregulation in flowers, the response to MeJa in flowers and leaves, and the parenchyma‐specific expression are all mediated by the cis ‐elements within the proximal 192 bp of the promoter. Promoter elements regulating the correct organ‐specific expression are located, however, further upstream. The promoter constructs used in this study can serve as useful tools for expressing extremely high levels of transgenes in specific cells. A scheme explaining tissue‐specific response to MeJa, in conjunction with developmental control, is discussed.
Characterization and Site of Action of a Soluble Protein that Stimulates Peptide‐Bond Synthesis (1976)

A recently identified soluble protein, named EF‐P, stimulates peptide bond synthesis from ribosomal‐bound N ‐formylmethionyl‐tRNA and the aminoacyl‐tRNA analog, puromycin. Using this model of peptide bond formation we have purified this activity approximately 100‐fold from ribosome‐free extracts of Escherichia coli . In order to study the mechanism by which the EF‐P factor stimulates peptide bond formation, we examined and compared the requirements and site of action of the spontaneous and the EF‐P‐mediated synthesis of peptide bonds. We find that ‘enzymic’ peptide bond synthesis (+EF‐P) is characterized by relatively broad temperature and NH 4 Cl optima, a sharp Mg 2+ optimum at 12 mM, and an apparent p K a of approximately 8.5. The characteristics of enzymic peptide bond synthesis closely resemble those reported for native peptidyl‐puromycin formation rather than other models of peptide synthesis. Factor EF‐P requires both 30‐S and 50‐S subunits for activity. The 30‐S particle is inactive by itself and may function in the reaction merely to bind the fMet‐tRNA substrate. Both the peptidyl transferase and the EF‐P binding site may be part of the 50‐S subunit. Unlike all other propagation factors, EF‐P does not require the 50‐S ribosomal proteins L7 and L12 and may therefore occupy a different ribosomal site.
Reduction of tissue and bone adhesion to cobalt alloy fixation appliances (1972)

Abstract The cobalt‐based alloy containing approximately 30% chromium and 5% molybdenum is widely used for the fabrication of internal fixation appliances. This alloy exhibits superior corrosion resistance in the presence of body fluid because of a durable and rapidly formed surface layer of chromium oxide. Although biocompatible, clinical use of this alloy appears to have been complicated by relatively great adhesion of tissue and bone to the metal. The adhesion engenders considerable difficulty when removal of an applicance should become necessary. It was hypothezied that this adhesion derives from the ceullular growth proceeding within the microporosity of the metal surface; the growth proceeds efficiently because of relatively low levels of cytotoxic metal ions released at the metal surface. In order to limit adhesion, polytetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE) was used to virtually eliminate surface microporosity and to substantially reduce metal surface free energy. 1 One of the efficient techniques was to lap the metal surface with a solid piece of PTFE. A series of eighteen 12– to 22–kg dogs were used to evaluate the above thesis. Control and treated cobalt alloy plates and screws were used to fix induced longbone fractures in the same animal. Also, five animals received implants on decorticated iliac crests. The histological data for control (untreated) plates showed that in nine of the eleven experiments bone was demonstrated closely adjacent to the surface of the appliance. However, in seven of these cases fibrous tissue was also present to a substantial degree. The presence of bone correlated with generally increased difficulty in removal of the plate. On the other hand, the results with treated implants showed that in ten of eleven cases the appliances were grossly encapsulated with fibrous tissue and were relatively easy to remove.
A new conductor insulation for high voltage coils (2002)

A description is given of SAMICAFILM, a new generation of conductor tapes developed by taking the favorable parameters of existing tapes and improving them using the latest available technological products. The material shows outstanding electrical and mechanical properties and increased stability against corona discharges. In addition, it offers important advantages to the user during the coil manufacturing process, due to its unique polymer coating on the surface. Significant time, and therefore cost, savings are possible in the production process by using SAMICAFILM with bond-coat on the outside of the polyester film.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>