gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics study of melting and freezing of small Lennard-Jones clusters (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular dynamics study of melting and freezing of small Lennard-Jones clustersJ. Dana. Honeycutt and Hans C. AndersenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 19, 4950–4963Publication Date (Print):September 10, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100303a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100303a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9458Altmetric-Citations2636LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Shape Boltzmann Machine: A strong model of object shape (2012)

A good model of object shape is essential in applications such as segmentation, object detection, inpainting and graphics. For example, when performing segmentation, local constraints on the shape can help where the object boundary is noisy or unclear, and global constraints can resolve ambiguities where background clutter looks similar to part of the object. In general, the stronger the model of shape, the more performance is improved. In this paper, we use a type of Deep Boltzmann Machine [22] that we call a Shape Boltzmann Machine (ShapeBM) for the task of modeling binary shape images. We show that the ShapeBM characterizes a strong model of shape, in that samples from the model look realistic and it can generalize to generate samples that differ from training examples. We find that the ShapeBM learns distributions that are qualitatively and quantitatively better than existing models for this task.
Sequential Oxidative Damage, and Changes in Iron-Binding and Iron-Oxidising Plasma Antioxidants During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery (1994)

Cardiopulmonary bypass patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery appear to be under oxidative stress, when compared with normal healthy controls, by showing increased levels of protein and lipid damage. During bypass surgery two further episodes of oxidative stress occur. The first is seen when patients are placed on extracorporeal blood circulation and oxygenation which results in a rise in lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. The second phase of oxidative stress occurs during reperfusion of the myocardium following removal of the aortic cross clamp. Coincident with evidence of increased oxidative damage to lipids during these latter phases of oxidative stress were decreases in plasma iron-binding and iron-oxidising antioxidant activities.
29‐1: An Aerial Display: Passing through a Floating Image Formed by Retro‐Reflective Reimaging (2017)

We have developed an aerial display that people can pass through a 56‐inches floating image as if they dive into it. We used a curved retro‐reflector so that a reflection image which overlapped with a floating image disappeared. Guide images help to focus viewer’s eyes on the blurred floating image.
Sphingobacterium gen. nov., Sphingobacterium spiritivorum comb. nov., Sphingobacterium multivorum comb. nov., Sphingobacterium mizutae sp. nov., and Flavobacterium indologenes sp. nov.: Glucose-Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Rods in CDC Groups IIK-2 and IIb (1983)

A new genus, Sphingobacterium, two new combinations, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum (Holmes, Owen, and Hollis) and Sphingobacterium multivorum (Holmes, Owen, and Weaver), and two new species, Sphingobacterium mizutae and Flavobacterium indologenes, are described. The genus Sphingobacterium is characterized and distinguished from the genus Flavobacterium by the presence in its strains of high concentrations of sphingophospholipids as cellular lipid components. S. spiritivorum is designated the type species of the genus Sphingobacterium. S. mizutae ATCC 33299 (= GIFU 1203) and F. indologenes ATCC 29893 (= CDC 3716 = GIFU 1347 = NCTC 10796 = RH 542) are designated the type strains of the two new species. Emended descriptions of the type strains of S. spiritivorum and S. multivorum are presented.
Amphetamine induces dopamine efflux through a dopamine transporter channel (2005)

Drugs of abuse, including cocaine, amphetamine (AMPH), and heroin, elevate extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the brain, thereby altering the activity/plasticity of reward circuits and precipitating addiction. The physiological release of DA occurs through the calcium-dependent fusion of a synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane. Extracellular DA is cleared by uptake through the Na+/Cl- -dependent DA transporter (DAT). In contrast, the substrate AMPH induces nonvesicular release of DA mediated by DAT. Extracellular AMPH is generally believed to trigger DA efflux through DAT by facilitating exchange for cytosolic DA. Here, in outside-out patches from heterologous cells stably expressing DAT or from dopaminergic neurons, by using ionic conditions in the patch pipette that mimic those produced by AMPH stimulation, we report that AMPH causes DAT-mediated DA efflux by two independent mechanisms: (i) a slow process consistent with an exchange mechanism and (ii) a process that results in rapid (millisecond) bursts of DA efflux through a channel-like mode of DAT. Because channel-like release of DA induced by AMPH is rapid and contains a large number of DA molecules, with a single burst of DA on par with a quantum of DA from exocytotic release of a vesicle, this burst mode of release may play a role in the synaptic actions and psychostimulant properties of AMPH and related compounds. Unlike AMPH, the endogenous substrate DA, when present on both sides of the plasma membrane, inhibits this channel-like activity, thereby suggesting that the DAT channel-like mode cannot accumulate DA against a concentration gradient.
HUMAN PLATELETS ACTIVATE PORCINE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS THROUGH A CD154-DEPENDENT PATHWAY12 (2001)

Human CD154 expressed on activated human platelets or on T cells interacts with CD40 expressed on PEC leading to PEC activation. This interaction can be inhibited by a monoclonal antibody directed against CD154, suggesting that an interaction between human CD154 and PEC CD40 is at least in part responsible for PEC activation seen in delayed xenograft rejection. These data strengthen the rationale for the use of CD154-directed therapy in discordant xenotransplantation.
Cholesterol Metabolism in the Brain and Its Association with Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the aging population after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Defects in the lysosomal systems and mitochondria have been suspected to cause the pathogenesis of PD. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of PD remains obscure. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is linked to numerous disorders, including atherosclerosis. The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body and abnormal cholesterol metabolism links also many neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, PD, Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The blood brain barrier effectively prevents uptake of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol from blood circulation. Accordingly, cholesterol level in the brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues. Because cholesterol metabolism in both peripheral tissue and the brain are quite different, cholesterol metabolism associated with neurodegeneration should be examined separately from that in peripheral tissues. Here, we review and compare cholesterol metabolism in the brain and peripheral tissues. Furthermore, the relationship between alterations in cholesterol metabolism and PD pathogenesis is reviewed.
Microstructure and Li‐Ion Conductivity of Hot‐Pressed Cubic Li <sub>7</sub> La <sub>3</sub> Zr <sub>2</sub> O <sub>12</sub> (2015)

The effect of hot‐pressing temperature on the microstructure and Li‐ion transport of Al‐doped, cubic Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ( LLZO ) was investigated. At fixed pressure (62 MPa), the relative density was 86%, 97%, and 99% when hot‐pressing at 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the percent grain‐boundary resistance decreased with increasing hot‐pressing temperature. Hot pressing at 1100°C resulted in a total conductivity of 0.37 mS/cm at room temperature where the grain boundaries contributed to 8% of the total resistance; one of the lowest grain‐boundary resistances reported. We believe hot pressing is an appealing technique to minimize grain‐boundary resistance and enable correlations between LLZO composition and bulk ionic conductivity.
Moisture diffusion in epoxy systems (1999)

The moisture diffusion process of an epoxy system is studied as a function of epoxy-amine stoichiometry and the resulting microstructure. Differences in diffusion behavior are related to the relative importance of diffusion through the low-density and high-density microstructural phases for different stoichiometries. Also, changes in saturation level with stoichiometry are explained by competing effects of free volume versus the content of the low-density phase. Increasing the humidity level causes a corresponding increase in saturation level, while increasing the temperature causes more pronounced non-Fickian behavior. The effects of absorbed moisture on the thermomechanical properties of the epoxies are also investigated. Reductions in the glass transition temperature, Tg, and moisture-induced swelling strains are measured after exposure of samples to the three conditioning environments. Moisture-induced swelling strains increase with increasing moisture content. The reductions in Tg range from 5 to 20°C and are generally larger for amine-rich samples than for epoxy-rich and stoichiometric samples. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 787–798, 1999
Photon Sorting, Efficient Bell Measurements, and a Deterministic Controlled-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math>Gate Using a Passive Two-Level Nonlinearity (2015)

Although the strengths of optical nonlinearities available experimentally have been rapidly increasing in recent years, significant challenges remain to using such nonlinearities to produce useful quantum devices such as efficient optical Bell state analyzers or universal quantum optical gates. Here we describe a new approach that avoids the current limitations by combining strong nonlinearities with active Gaussian operations in efficient protocols for Bell state analyzers and controlled-sign gates.
Immunochemical Detection Methods for Gluten in Food Products: Where Do We Go from Here? (2015)

Accurate and reliable quantification methods for gluten in food are necessary to ensure proper product labeling and thus safeguard the gluten sensitive consumer against exposure. Immunochemical detection is the method of choice, as it is sensitive, rapid and relatively easy to use. Although a wide range of detection kits are commercially available, there are still many difficulties in gluten detection that have not yet been overcome. This review gives an overview of the currently commercially available immunochemical detection methods, and discusses the problems that still exist in gluten detection in food. The largest problems are encountered in the extraction of gluten from food matrices, the choice of epitopes targeted by the detection method, and the use of a standardized reference material. By comparing the available techniques with the unmet needs in gluten detection, the possible benefit of a new multiplex immunoassay is investigated. This detection method would allow for the detection and quantification of multiple harmful gluten peptides at once and would, therefore, be a logical advancement in gluten detection in food.
Design of Ultrawideband Mobile Phone Stubby Antenna (824 MHz-6 GHz) (2008)

An ultrawideband stubby antenna that covers all frequency bands between 824 MHz and 6 GHz, which include GSM 850 and 900, GPS, DVB-H US, DCS, PCS, UMTS, BT, WLAN 802.11b/g and WLAN 802.11a, with a VSWR better than 2.7:1 is described in this paper. The design procedure involves obtaining a wideband resonance from 1-6 GHz and using a matching network to compensate for the high capacitance of the antenna at the lower frequency band below 1 GHz. Parametric studies of this antenna are presented in this paper. The design was experimentally verified by constructing an ultrawideband antenna with a volume of 5 * 8 * 30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . It is significant that the designed ultrawideband stubby antenna maintained a good impedance matching and radiation efficiency at all bands. An efficiency between 55 ~ 65% is achieved in the lower band including 824 ~ 960 MHz band required for the GSM 850 and GSM 900 systems, and an efficiency value of 67 ~ 88% is achieved at the rest of the bands starting with the GPS at 1575 MHz to 6 GHz.
An efficient integral equation analysis of waveguide slot coupling (2002)

An integral equation method is introduced for the analysis of waveguide slot coupling, in which an alternative representation of waveguide dyadic Green's functions is employed resulting in an efficient computation. An example of waveguide slot coupler analysis is presented. The scattering parameters in the waveguides are calculated and compared with experimental results, showing good agreement between them.
Colonic endocrine cells in patients with carcinoma of the colon (1998)

The present results support the assumption that a disturbance in the colonic neuroendocrine system occurs in patients with colon carcinoma, which might affect the development of the tumour. The decrease in the number and CSI of somatostatin cells may account for the decrease of the colonic content of this peptide observed previously in these patients. The decrease in the number and CSI of serotonin-immunoreactive cells in patients with colon adenocarcinoma might be a method by which the body defends itself against this mitogenic substance.
Toward highly efficient photocatalysis: a flow-through Pt@TiO2@AAO membrane nanoreactor prepared by atomic layer deposition (2014)

A Pt@TiO2@AAO membrane nanoreactor was fabricated by atomic layer deposition. The photodegradation test of methylene blue demonstrated that the nanoreactor shows efficient photocatalysis performance. It exhibited ~28% photodegradation of methylene blue after ten flow-through cycles, corresponding to about 2.7 × 10(-2) s of contact time of methylene blue with Pt@TiO2 nanotubes.
One-Pot Synthesis of α,ω-Chain End Functional, Stereoregular, Star-Shaped Poly(lactide) (2008)

The synthesis of stereoregular α,ω-chain end functional linear, telechelic, and star-shaped polymers and copolymers is reported using a one-pot chain end functionalization methodology. Aluminum methyl complexes are applied in combination with functional and multifunctional initiating species to synthesize stereoregular poly(lactide)s by the stereospecific ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. The quenching of the reactions with an excess of acid chloride functional molecules has enabled the in situ quantitative modification of the ω-chain ends of the polymers such that primary and secondary alkyl and aryl groups can be incorporated. This methodology has been extended to the synthesis of linear, telechelic, and star-shaped polymers with “click” functional handles for both copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and thiol−ene Michael additions and block copolymers through the application of a trithiocarbonate, suitable for mediating RAFT polymerization. This tolerant and mild method is used in the synthesis of star-shaped block copolymers with a biodegradable poly(lactide) core and results in poly(lactide)s that display increased resistance to degradation.
Substitution at the 4-methyl of lanost-8-en-3-one (1984)

K. Carr and J. K. Sutherland, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 1227 DOI: 10.1039/C39840001227
A new cephalosporin derivative (ST-21) orally administered in laboratory animals. (1977)

The pivaloxymethyl ester of 7-(D-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-desacetoxicephalosporanic acid hydrochloride (ST-21) and cephalexin possess the same bacteridal activity. In fact, in the animal body ST-21 releases cephalexin. The acute toxicity study shows the good tolerance of both substances, whereas the tissue distribution is different, both after oral and i.v. administration. Cephalexin concentrations in some tissues of rats and rabbits, particularly in the lungs and kidneys, are higher and longer-lasting in the animals treated with ST-21 than in those receiving cephalexin, thus showing a different pattern of distribution in the body. For this reason ST-21 might be more suited for the treatment of lung and kidney infections.
Electronic Device and Data Processing Method for Soil Resistivity Analysis (2021)

This paper presents a mathematical algorithm and an electronic device to study soil resistivity. The system was based on introducing a time-varying electrical signal into the soil by using two electrodes and then collecting the electrical response of the soil. Hence, the proposed electronic system relied on a single-phase DC-to-AC converter followed by a transformer for the soil-to-circuit coupling. By using the maximum likelihood statistical method, a mathematical algorithm was realized to discern soil resistivity. The novelty of the numerical approach consisted of modeling a set of random data from the voltmeters by using a parametric uniform probability distribution function, and then, a parametric estimation was carried out for dataset analysis. Furthermore, to validate our contribution, a two-electrode laboratory experiment with soil was also designed. Finally, and according to the experimental outcomes, our electronic circuit and mathematical data analysis approach were able to detect different soil resistivities.
Do oligoclonal bands add information to MRI in first attacks of multiple sclerosis? (2007)

Presence of oligoclonal bands doubles the risk for having a second attack, independently of MRI, but does not seem to influence the development of disability.
A survey on attention mechanisms for medical applications: are we moving towards better algorithms? (2022)

The increasing popularity of attention mechanisms in deep learning algorithms for computer vision and natural language processing made these models attractive to other research domains. In healthcare, there is a strong need for tools that may improve the routines of the clinicians and the patients. Naturally, the use of attention-based algorithms for medical applications occurred smoothly. However, being healthcare a domain that depends on high-stake decisions, the scientific community must ponder if these high-performing algorithms fit the needs of medical applications. With this motto, this paper extensively reviews the use of attention mechanisms in machine learning (including Transformers) for several medical applications. This work distinguishes itself from its predecessors by proposing a critical analysis of the claims and potentialities of attention mechanisms presented in the literature through an experimental case study on medical image classification with three different use cases. These experiments focus on the integrating process of attention mechanisms into established deep learning architectures, the analysis of their predictive power, and a visual assessment of their saliency maps generated by post-hoc explanation methods. This paper concludes with a critical analysis of the claims and potentialities presented in the literature about attention mechanisms and proposes future research lines in medical applications that may benefit from these frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography of Organic Hydrocarbons with Water as the Mobile Phase. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The noes have it! Do they? Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture, February 18, 1981 (1981)

I was shattered to be invited to give this Memorial Lecture, so much so that it was a long time before my little grey cells could summon up the courage to accept and fix the date. My feelings of panic were made worse when I saw the list of earlier lecturers—a list which includes Rutherford, Lodge, de Broglie, J. J. Thomson, the Braggs, father and son, Eddington—great names which tower like skyscrapers in the history of modern physics; and then, more recently, great people whom I have met and have had the privilege of talking to and learning from—Russ, Sievert, Stead, Gray, Mayneord, Mitchell, Lamerton, Johns, Hounsfield. However, we are now into the 1980s and I can only conclude that the BIR Council must be TV buffs and must have asked me because my initials are J. R. and I come from a fardistant oil city. This is the 59th lecture in memory of Silvanus Phillips Thompson (Fig. 1). He was a brilliant physicist, a mathematician and an engineer. It is forgotten that he was the British discoverer of radioactivity. It is clear from Silvanus's biography (Thompson and Thompson, 1920) that during February 1896—the month after the report in the Lancet of Röntgen's photographic action of X rays—Thompson found a photographic action from uranium salts, even through aluminium sheet which was impervious to X rays.
On the viability of component frameworks for high performance distributed computing: a case study (2003)

Software infrastructures that support metacomputing are evolving from traditional monolithic, platform-specific systems to component and service-based frameworks. We demonstrate that contrary to popular belief, such modular software systems are capable of delivering good to excellent performance, support legacy as well as new application programming paradigms, and deliver enhanced functionality. The Harness system, a software backplane enabling reconfigurable distributed concurrent computing is used to emulate the PVM programming environment. Numerical kernel benchmarks show that application performance results using the emulator and native versions are within a few percent of each other. Coupled with the ability to leverage pre-existing and specialized modules, our experiences suggest that service-oriented computational grids may be constructed rapidly and effectively via such component-based architectural frameworks that deliver full functionality, without compromising efficiency.