gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Printing Single Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

Current colloidal synthesis is able to produce an extensive spectrum of nanoparticles with unique optoelectronic, magnetic, and catalytic properties. In order to exploit them in nanoscale devices, flexible methods are needed for the controlled integration of nanoparticles on surfaces with few-nanometer precision. Current technologies usually involve a combination of molecular self-assembly with surface patterning by diverse lithographic methods like UV, dip-pen, or microcontact printing.(1,2) Here we demonstrate the direct laser printing of individual colloidal nanoparticles by using optical forces for positioning and the van der Waals attraction for binding them to the substrate. As a proof-of-concept, we print single spherical gold nanoparticles with a positioning precision of 50 nm. By analyzing the printing mechanism, we identify the key physical parameters controlling the method, which has the potential for the production of nanoscale devices and circuits with distinct nanoparticles.
High-resolution active-matrix 10-um pixel-pitch GaN LED microdisplays for augmented reality applications (2018)

We report high resolution (873 x 500), active-matrix, GaN-based LED microdisplays with a pixel pitch of 10 μm. They exhibit the highest resolution for the smallest pixel pitch ever reported for GaN microdisplays. High-density GaN μLED arrays were first patterned at 10-μm pitch on sapphire substrates. Arrays were then hybridized on CMOS active-matrix using the microtube technology. Blue and green monochrome prototypes have been realized. Full video, high-resolution images have been obtained. The performance of these GaN-based microdisplays make them suitable for a wide range of applications from augmented reality and head-up displays to pico- and compact projectors.
R1: The Formative Years (1981)

R1 is a rule-based program that configures VAX-11 computer systems. Given a customer's purchase order, it determines what, if any, substitutions and additions have to be made to the order to make it consistent and complete and produces a number of diagrams showing the spatial and logical relationships among the 90 or so components that typically constitute a system. The program has been used on a regular basis by Digital Equipment Corporation's manufacturing organization since January of 1980. R1 has sufficient knowledge of the configuration domain and of the percliarities of the various configuration constraints that at each step in the configuration process, it simply recognizes what to do; thus it requires little search in order to configure a computer system.
Application of genetic algorithms for designing cost optimal heat exchanger networks (2008)

−− Genetic Algorithms (GA) were implemented in a synthesis design procedure for cost optimal Heat Exchanger Networks (HEN). The procedure consisted of two coupled GAs: External GA to search the optimal HEN structure, and Internal GA to search the optimal split-fractions for each evaluated HEN structure. This design procedure was tested with five HEN synthesis cases; the configurations obtained were compared with other design procedures such as Pinch Method, Mathematical Programming (LP, MILP, MINLP and NLP models) and Stochastic methods (Genetics Algorithms, Tabu Search and Particle Swarm Optimization). In the cases 1 to 4, the ΔTmin value was taken from previous papers. In case 5 the ΔTmin value was optimized using a supertargeting routine available in the design algorithm proposed in this work. User-defined forbidden/desired matches can be easily implemented as target in the HEN design. Keywords−− Heat-Exchanger Network (HEN); Design synthesis; Stochastic Optimization; Genetic Algorithms.
Linked Production of Pyroglutamate-Modified Proteins via Self-Cleavage of Fusion Tags with TEV Protease and Autonomous N-Terminal Cyclization with Glutaminyl Cyclase In Vivo (2014)

Overproduction of N-terminal pyroglutamate (pGlu)-modified proteins utilizing Escherichia coli or eukaryotic cells is a challenging work owing to the fact that the recombinant proteins need to be recovered by proteolytic removal of fusion tags to expose the N-terminal glutaminyl or glutamyl residue, which is then converted into pGlu catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase. Herein we describe a new method for production of N-terminal pGlu-containing proteins in vivo via intracellular self-cleavage of fusion tags by tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease and then immediate N-terminal cyclization of passenger target proteins by a bacterial glutaminyl cyclase. To combine with the sticky-end PCR cloning strategy, this design allows the gene of target proteins to be efficiently inserted into the expression vector using two unique cloning sites (i.e., SnaB I and Xho I), and the soluble and N-terminal pGlu-containing proteins are then produced in vivo. Our method has been successfully applied to the production of pGlu-modified enhanced green fluorescence protein and monocyte chemoattractant proteins. This design will facilitate the production of protein drugs and drug target proteins that possess an N-terminal pGlu residue required for their physiological activities.
Engineering the substrate specificity of galactose oxidase (2013)

Biocatalysis, the use of enzymes to catalyse the generation of specific chemicals, has a number of advantages including high specificity, lower energy requirements and greater sustainability over an equivalent chemical process. Several methods exist for optimisation of enzymes for use in industrial processes, including introduction of mutations to generate libraries of variants which are then screened for the desired properties, such as stability or substrate specificity. Galactose oxidase catalyses the oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehyde, with concomitant reduction of dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide. It has already been developed for use in a range of biotechnological processes and is an ideal candidate for further development due to features including high stability, a surface exposed active site displaying broad substrate specificity, and an autocatalytically-generated cofactor.\nResearch presented in this thesis investigates the effect on activity towards a range of alternative substrates of mutations at selected active site residues with the aim of expanding the biotechnological potential of galactose oxidase. Libraries of variants were designed and generated using high quality oligonucleotides constructed using trimer phosphoramidites. Screening assays used by other groups were optimised by varying different components. These assays were then used to identify a number of variants displaying enhanced activity towards D-arabinose, D-glucose, D-xylose or glycerol. A selection of these variants were then further characterised in order to understand the biochemical basis of the altered activities and determine some of the conditions required for potential industrial application of the variants. The most exciting results include identification of a variant displaying higher levels of activity towards glycerol than towards the native substrate D-galactose; determination of the position of oxidation of D-arabinose at the C-4 hydroxyl; and the observation that mutation of Phe194 significantly affects binding of D-glucose in the active site.
All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes with redox-active lithium, sodium, and potassium insertion materials as the inner solid-contact layer (2017)

All-solid-state ion-selective electrodes as potentiometric ion sensors for lithium, sodium, and potassium have been demonstrated by installing a composite layer containing a powder of alkali insertion materials, Li<sub>x</sub>FePO<sub>4</sub>, Na<sub>0.33</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub>, and K<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O, respectively, as an inner solid-contact layer between the electrode substrate and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-based ion-sensitive membrane containing the corresponding ionophores for Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup> ions. These double-layer ion-selective electrodes, consisting of the composite and PVC layers prepared by a simple drop cast method, exhibit a quick potential response (less than 5 s) to each alkali-metal ion with sufficient Nernstian slopes of calibration curves, ca. 59 mV per decade. The installation of the insertion materials as the inner solid-contact layers is highly efficient for the stabilization of membrane potential, resulting in a prompt response to the alkali ion activity in the analyte, compared to those of the electrodes without the alkali insertion materials. From alternating current impedance measurements for the electrodes, the inner layer of the installed alkali insertion materials drastically reduces the impedance of the membrane/electrode interface, leading to an improvement in their ion-sensing performance.
Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccine (2021)

Variant SARS-CoV-2 and the mRNA-1273 Vaccine How well do serum samples from persons vaccinated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine neutralize the P.1 lineage, the B.1.1.7 lineage, the B.1.1.7 lineage plus t...
A Randomized Trial Comparing Coronary Angioplasty with Coronary Bypass Surgery (1994)

We found that CABG and PTCA did not differ significantly with respect to the occurrence of the composite primary end point. Consequently, the selection of one procedure over the other should be guided by patients' preferences regarding the quality of life and the possible need for subsequent procedures.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivatives via Tandem Michael Addition Reactions and Subsequent Reductive Amination (1995)

Tandem Michael addition reactions of polymer bound acrylates with cyclohexenones and subsequent reductive amination was achieved, which after cleavage from the support under reductive, acidolytic or aminolytic conditions afforded a wide variety of bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes. The process may find application in combinatorial library synthesis.
Laser Doppler Velocimetry: Flow Measurement Using a Digital Micromirror Device (2014)

The rate coefficient of the OH reaction with the perfluoroaldehydes C(3)F(7)CHO and C(4)F(9)CHO have been determined in the temperature range 252-373 K using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) method: k(C(3)F(7)CHO+OH) = (2.0 +/- 0.6) x 10(-12) exp[-(369 +/- 90)/T] and k(C(4)F(9)CHO+OH) = (2.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-12) exp[-(356 +/- 70)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), corresponding to (5.8 +/- 0.6) x 10(-13) and (6.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively, at 298 K. The UV absorption cross sections of these two aldehydes and CF(3)(CF(2))(5)CH(2)CHO have been measured over the range 230-390 nm at 298 K and also at 328 K for CF(3)(CF(2))(5)CH(2)CHO. The obtained results for C(3)F(7)CHO and C(4)F(9)CHO are in good agreement with two recent determinations but the maximum value of the absorption cross section for CF(3)(CF(2))(5)CH(2)CHO is over a factor of two lower than the single one recently published. The photolysis rates of C(3)F(7)CHO, C(4)F(9)CHO and CF(3)(CF(2))(5)CHO have been measured under sunlight conditions in the EUPHORE simulation chamber in Valencia (Spain) at the beginning of June. The photolysis rates were, respectively, J(obs) = (1.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(-5), (1.9 +/- 0.8) x 10(-5) and (0.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) s(-1). From the J(obs) measurements and calculated photolysis rate J(calc), assuming a quantum yield of unity across the atmospheric range of absorption of the aldehydes, quantum yields J(obs)/J(calc) = (0.023 +/- 0.012), (0.029 +/- 0.015) and (0.046 +/- 0.028) were derived for the photodissociation of C(3)F(7)CHO, C(4)F(9)CHO and CF(3)(CF(2))(5)CHO, respectively. The atmospheric implication of the data obtained in this work is discussed. The main conclusion is that the major atmospheric removal pathway for fluoroaldehydes will be photolysis, which under low NO(x) conditions, may be a source of fluorinated carboxylic acids in the troposphere.
Rigorous and Automatic Testing of Web Applications (2002)

As web applications become more and more prevalent, the quality assurance of web applications has become more and more important. Due to the complexity of the underlying technologies of web applications, it is more challenging to test web applications than conventional software. It is critical to develop effective methodologies and tools for testing web applications. In this paper, we propose an approach for rigorous and automatic testing of web applications using formal specifications. Our formal specification based approach is powerful, extensible, and versatile. It intends to address testing of various aspects of web applications, including functionality, security, and performance. We have developed a prototype tool based on the proposed approach, which accepts formal specifications in XML syntax as input, automatically generates test cases, executes the test cases and validates the test results.
Sensitivity Encoding Reconstruction for MRI with Gridding Algorithm (2021)

The Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) parallel reconstruction scheme for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is studied and implemented with gridding algorithm in this paper. In this paper, the sensitivity map profile, field map information and the spiral k-space data collected from an array of receiver coils are used to reconstruct un-aliased images from under-sampled data. The gridding algorithm is implemented with SENSE due to its ability in evaluating forward and adjoins operators with non-Cartesian sampled data. This paper also analyzes the performance of SENSE with real data set and identifies the computational issues that need to be improved for further research.
Two-step enhanced cancer immunotherapy with engineered <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> secreting heterologous flagellin (2017)

We report a method of cancer immunotherapy using an attenuated <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> strain engineered to secrete <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> flagellin B (FlaB) in tumor tissues. Engineered FlaB-secreting bacteria effectively suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and prolonged survival. By using Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-negative colon cancer cell lines, we provided evidence that the FlaB-mediated tumor suppression upon bacterial colonization is associated with TLR5-mediated host reactions in the tumor microenvironment. These therapeutic effects were completely abrogated in TLR4 and MyD88 knockout mice, and partly in TLR5 knockout mice, indicating that TLR4 signaling is a requisite for tumor suppression mediated by FlaB-secreting bacteria, whereas TLR5 signaling augmented tumor-suppressive host reactions. Tumor microenvironment colonization by engineered <i>Salmonella</i> appeared to induce the infiltration of abundant immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils via TLR4 signaling. Subsequent secretion of FlaB from colonizing <i>Salmonella</i> resulted in phenotypic and functional activation of intratumoral macrophages with M1 phenotypes and a reciprocal reduction in M2-like suppressive activities. Together, these findings provide evidence that nonvirulent tumor-targeting bacteria releasing multiple TLR ligands can be used as cancer immunotherapeutics.
Wide-field time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM): Imaging the rotational mobility of a fluorophore (2003)

We report a picosecond time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system extended to perform time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy imaging (TR-FAIM). Upon excitation with linearly polarized laser pulses, the parallel and perpendicular components of the fluorescence emission from a sample are imaged simultaneously using a polarization-resolved imager. The imaging technique presented here quantitatively reports the rotational mobility of a fluorophore as it varies according to the local environment. In a single acquisition run it yields maps of both rotational correlation time and fluorescence lifetime as they vary across a sample. TR-FAIM has been applied to imaging standard multiwell plate samples of rhodamine 6G dissolved in methanol, ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and glycerol. The observed rotational correlation times and fluorescence lifetimes, which report the local viscosity and refractive index of the local rhodamine 6G environment, respectively, are in good agreement with previously published single point measurements. By considering the linear dependence of the rotational correlation time on viscosity up to 20 cP, we are able to obtain a two-dimensional viscosity map. Wide-field maps of rotational correlation time, and therefore viscosity, have been obtained. This illustrates the potential to image the local viscosity and fluorescence lifetime distributions of fluorophore tagged proteins in cells.
Phylogenetic relationships among <i>Lactuca</i> (Asteraceae) species and related genera based on ITS‐1 DNA sequences (1998)

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) sequences from 97 accessions representing 23 species of Lactuca and related genera were determined and used to evaluate species relationships of Lactuca sensu lato (s.l.). The ITS-1 phylogenies, calculated using PAUP and PHYLIP, correspond better to the classification of Feráková than to other classifications evaluated, although the inclusion of sect. Lactuca subsect. Cyanicae is not supported. Therefore, exclusion of subsect. Cyanicae from Lactuca sensu Feráková is proposed. The amended genus contains the entire gene pool (sensu Harlan and De Wet) of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The position of the species in the amended classification corresponds to their position in the lettuce gene pool. In the ITS-1 phylogenies, a clade with L. sativa, L. serriola, L. dregeana, L. altaica, and L. aculeata represents the primary gene pool. L. virosa and L. saligna, branching off closest to this clade, encompass the secondary gene pool. L. virosa is possibly of hybrid origin. The primary and secondary gene pool species are classified in sect. Lactuca subsect. Lactuca. The species L. quercina, L. viminea, L. sibirica, and L. tatarica, branching off next, represent the tertiary gene pool. They are classified in Lactuca sect. Lactucopsis, sect. Phaenixopus, and sect. Mulgedium, respectively. L. perennis and L. tenerrima, classified in sect. Lactuca subsect. Cyanicae, form clades with species from related genera and are not part of the lettuce gene pool.
Synergistic Action of Gentamicin and Bacteriophage in a Continuous Culture Population of Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

With the increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance and the decreasing frequency of new antibiotics entering the market, interest has returned to developing bacteriophage as a therapeutic agent. Acceptance of phage therapy, however, is limited by the unknown pharmacodynamics of a replicating agent, as well as the potential for the evolution of resistant bacteria. One way to overcome some of these limitations is to incorporate phage and antibiotics into a dual therapy regimen; however, this increases the complexity of the pharmacodynamics. The aim of this study is to develop an experimental system to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of dual phage-drug therapy. A continuous culture system for Staphylococcus aureus is used to simulate the pharmacokinetics of periodic antibiotic dosing alone and in combination with lytic phage. A computer model representation of the system allows further evaluation of the conditions governing the observed pharmacodynamics. The results of this experimental/modeling approach suggest that dual therapy can be more efficacious than single therapies, particularly if there is an overlap in the physiological pathways targeted by the individual agents. In this case, treatment with gentamicin induces a population of cells with a strong aggregation phenotype. These aggregators also have an increased ability to form biofilm, which is a well-known, non-genetic mechanism of drug resistance. However, the aggregators are also more susceptible than the parental strain to the action of the phage. Thus, dual treatment with gentamicin and phage resulted in lower final cell densities than either treatment alone. Unlike in the phage-only treatment, phage-resistant isolates were not detected in the dual treatment.
The Analysis of the Defective Cells Induced by COP in a 0.3-micron-technology Node DRAM (1998)

The influence of a crystal originated pit (COP) on the deep sub-micron dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM), was clarified by the investigation of the defective memory cells using 0.3 microns process test-element-group (TEG) which can operate as an actual DRAM. COP constrains the growth of field oxide film and leads to degradation of the isolation characteristics between the adjacent memory cells.
Microcrack Detection Using Spectral Response Data Alone (2021)

Microcracks of depth less than 200 μm in mechanical components are difficult to detect because conventional methods such as X-ray or eddy current measurements are less sensitive to such depths. Nonetheless, an efficient microcrack detection method is required urgently in the mechanical industry because microcracks are produced frequently during cold-forming. The frequency response function (FRF) is known to be highly sensitive even to microcracks, and it can be obtained using both the input data of an impact hammer and the response data of an accelerometer. Under the assumption of an impulse force with a similar spectral impulse pattern, spectral response data alone could be used as a crack indicator because the dynamic characteristics of a microcrack may be dependent solely on these measured data. This study investigates the feasibility of microcrack detection using the response data alone through impact tests with a simple rectangular specimen. A simple rectangular specimen with a 200 μm microcrack at one face was prepared. The experimental modal analysis was conducted for the normal (uncracked) specimen and found-first bending mode about 1090 Hz at the X-Y plane (in-plane). Response accelerations were obtained in both at in-plane locations as well as X-Z plane (out-of-plane), and the crack was detected using the coherence function between a normal and a cracked specimen. A comparison of the crack inspection results obtained using the response data and the FRF data indicated the validity of the proposed method.