gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Silicon Epitaxy Deposited by Very Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition: I . Kinetics (1986)

The growth rate of low temperature (<850°C) silicon epitaxial films was studied as a function of pressure and temperature for a very low pressure (<12 mtorr) chemical vapor deposition process both with and without plasma enhancement. The data suggest that nonplasma epitaxial depositions between 750° and 850°C are rate limited by the incorporation of adatoms into the growing crystal structure. Below 700deg;C, the rate limiting step changes to one associated with the decomposition of the silicon source, silane. Plasma depositions grow at a somewhat enhanced rate due to the presence of a small but reactive population of radicals. The rate limiting step for plasma depositions seems to be related to the desorption from the wafer surface of hydrogen created by silane decomposition.
Fast and Efficient MPC Approaches for Multilevel Drives Considering Cost Function Terms Dependency (2022)

—Model predictive control (MPC) for multilevel converter has a multi-term cost function that requires high computation burden. In this paper, the deviation terms considered are classified into two categories according to their dependency on the voltage vector or the switching states of the multilevel converter. Subsequently, two approaches to reduce the computation burden are proposed. Mathematical models for the proposed MPC approaches are discussed and analyzed. An experimental platform for a fivelevel T-type multilevel induction drive is used to validate the proposed study. The experimental results show that the proposed approaches have substantially reduced the MPC computation burden compared to the conventional MPC techniques.
Continuous, noninvasive wireless monitoring of flow of cerebrospinal fluid through shunts in patients with hydrocephalus (2020)

Hydrocephalus is a common disorder caused by the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Treatment typically involves the surgical implantation of a pressure-regulated silicone tube assembly, known as a shunt. Unfortunately, shunts have extremely high failure rates and diagnosing shunt malfunction is challenging due to a combination of vague symptoms and a lack of a convenient means to monitor flow. Here, we introduce a wireless, wearable device that enables precise measurements of CSF flow, continuously or intermittently, in hospitals, laboratories or even in home settings. The technology exploits measurements of thermal transport through near-surface layers of skin to assess flow, with a soft, flexible, and skin-conformal device that can be constructed using commercially available components. Systematic benchtop studies and numerical simulations highlight all of the key considerations. Measurements on 7 patients establish high levels of functionality, with data that reveal time dependent changes in flow associated with positional and inertial effects on the body. Taken together, the results suggest a significant advance in monitoring capabilities for patients with shunted hydrocephalus, with potential for practical use across a range of settings and circumstances, and additional utility for research purposes in studies of CSF hydrodynamics.
<title>High-bandwidth optical tomography</title> (1999)

Optical tomography has recently demonstrated the potential for deep imaging of tissue oxygenation and blood volume, non- invasively, using relatively simple and inexpensive instrumentation. Prior demonstrations of this form of tomography have relied on scanning and data collecting methods limited to imaging bandwidths of Hz or slower. Here we report on an approach that significantly accelerates the imaging rate of optical tomographs based on time-domain methods to well beyond the kHz range. Such high bandwidths are critical for extending the capabilities of optical tomographs to include deep imaging of blood flow and neural activity.
Multimodal Cross- and Self-Attention Network for Speech Emotion Recognition (2021)

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) requires a thorough understanding of both the linguistic content of an utterance (i.e., textual information) and how the speaker utters it (i.e., acoustic information). The one vital challenge in SER is how to effectively fuse these two kinds of information. In this paper, we propose a novel Multimodal Cross- and Self-Attention Network (MCSAN) to tackle this problem. The core of MCSAN is to employ the parallel cross- and self-attention modules to explicitly model both inter- and intra-modal interactions of audio and text. Specifically, the cross-attention module utilizes the cross-attention mechanism to guide one modality to attend to the other modality and update the features accordingly. Similarly, the self-attention module employs the self-attention mechanism to propagate information within each modality. We evaluate MCSAN on two benchmark datasets, IEMOCAP and MELD. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on both datasets.
Sodium Pentosanpolysulfate Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis: An Update (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1987Sodium Pentosanpolysulfate Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis: An Update C.L. Parsons C.L. ParsonsC.L. Parsons More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)43421-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Sodium Pentosanpolysulfate Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis: An Update." The Journal of Urology, 138(4 Part 1), p. 920 © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 138Issue 4 Part 1October 1987Page: 920 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information C.L. Parsons More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mucosal Administration of Ag85B-ESAT-6 Protects against Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and Boosts Prior Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunity (2006)

We have examined the intranasal administration of a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) consisting of the mucosal adjuvant LTK63 and the Ag Ag85B-ESAT-6. Vaccination with LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 gave a strong and sustained Th1 response mediated by IFN-gamma-secreting CD4 cells, which led to long-lasting protection against tuberculosis, equivalent to that observed with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Ag85B-ESAT-6 in dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide/monophosphoryl lipid A. Because a crucial element of novel vaccine strategies is the ability to boost BCG-derived immunity, we also tested whether LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 could act as a BCG booster vaccine in BCG-vaccinated mice. We found that vaccinating with LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 strongly boosted prior BCG-stimulated immunity. Compared with BCG-vaccinated nonboosted mice, we observed that infection with M.tb led to a significant increase in anti-M.tb-specific CD4 T cells in the lungs of LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6-boosted animals. This correlated with a significant increase in the protection against M.tb in LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6-boosted mice, compared with BCG-vaccinated animals. Thus, LTK63/Ag85B-ESAT-6 represents an efficient preventive vaccine against tuberculosis with a strong ability to boost prior BCG immunity.
Nanocrystal Film Patterning by Inhibiting Cation Exchange via Electron-Beam or X-ray Lithography (2014)

In this Letter we report patterning of colloidal nanocrystal films that combines direct e-beam (electron beam) writing with cation exchange. The e-beam irradiation causes cross-linking of the ligand molecules present at the nanocrystal surface, and the cross-linked molecules act as a mask for further processing. Consequently, in the following step of cation exchange, which is performed by directly dipping the substrate in a solution containing the new cations, the regions that have not been exposed to the electron beam are chemically transformed, while the exposed ones remain unchanged. This selective protection allows the design of patterns that are formed by chemically different nanocrystals, yet in a homogeneous nanocrystal film. Spatially resolved compositional analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) corroborates that the selective exchange occurs only in the nonirradiated regions. We demonstrate the utility of this lithography approach by fabricating conductive wires and luminescent patterns in CdSe/CdS nanocrystal films by converting nonirradiated regions to Cu2-xSe/Cu2-xS. Furthermore, we show that X-ray irradiation too can lead to protection from cation exchange.
Inosine stimulates extensive axon collateral growth in the rat corticospinal tract after injury (1999)

The purine nucleoside inosine has been shown to induce axon outgrowth from primary neurons in culture through a direct intracellular mechanism. For this study, we investigated the effects of inosine in vivo by examining whether it would stimulate axon growth after a unilateral transection of the corticospinal tract. Inosine applied with a minipump to the rat sensorimotor cortex stimulated intact pyramidal cells to undergo extensive sprouting of their axons into the denervated spinal cord white matter and adjacent neuropil. Axon growth was visualized by anterograde tracing with biotinylated dextran amine and by immunohistochemistry with antibodies to GAP-43. Thus, inosine, a naturally occurring metabolite without known side effects, might help to restore essential circuitry after injury to the central nervous system.
Selective Epitaxial Germanium Growth on Silicon - Trench Fill and In Situ Doping (2012)

This paper presented the selective epitaxial germanium growth on silicon by trench filling and doping. The process operated in a reaction rate limited regime at a low temperature (350°C to 400°C) to ensure reasonable growth rate, decent surface morphology, and high dopant incorporation in Ge.
Role of GLP-1 in the Hypoglycemic Effects of Wild Bitter Gourd (2013)

This study aimed to examine the role of GLP-1 in the hypoglycemic activity of wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L., BG). In vitro, the GLP-1 secretion in STC-1, a murine enteroendocrine cell line, was dose dependently stimulated by water extract (WE), its fractions (WEL, >3 kD and WES, <3 kD), and a bitter compounds-rich fraction of BG. These stimulations were partially inhibited by probenecid, a bitter taste receptor inhibitor, and by U-73122, a phospholipase C β 2 inhibitor. These results suggested that the stimulation might involve, at least in part, certain bitter taste receptors and/or PLC β 2-signaling pathway. Two cucurbitane triterpenoids isolated from BG, 19-nor-cucurbita-5(10),6,8,22-(E),24-pentaen-3 β -ol, and 5 β ,19-epoxycucurbita-6,24-diene-3 β ,23 ξ -diol (karavilagenine E,) showed relative high efficacy in the stimulation. In vivo, mice fed BG diet showed higher insulinogenic index in an oral glucose tolerance test. A single oral dose of WE or WES pretreatment significantly improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. A single oral dose of WES significantly decreased glucose and increased insulin and GLP-1 in serum after 30 min. This acute hypoglycemic effect of WES was abolished by pretreatment with exendin-9, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Our data provide evidence that BG stimulates GLP-1 secretion which contributes, at least in part, to the antidiabetic activity of BG through an incretin effect.
An Infant Formula Free of Glycomacropeptide Prevents Hyperthreoninemia in Formula-Fed Preterm Infants (2001)

Feeding a whey protein-predominant bovine milk produced from acid whey protein reduces significantly the hyperthreoninemia commonly found in formula-fed preterm infants. Thus, acid whey formulas should be recommended for feeding preterm infants.
Implementation of a digital trim scheme for SAR ADCs (2013)

Abstract. Successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital Converters (ADC) are based on a capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) (McCreary and Gray, 1975). The capacitor mismatch in the capacitor array of the CDAC impacts the differential non-linearity (DNL) of the ADC directly. In order to achieve a transfer function without missing codes, trimming of the capacitor array becomes necessary for SAR ADCs with a resolution of more than 12 bit. This article introduces a novel digital approach for trimming. DNL measurements of an 18 bit SAR ADC show that digital trimming allows the same performance as analog trimming. Digital trimming however reduces the power consumption of the ADC, the die size and the required time for the production test.
Closed-Loop Control System for Friction Stir Welding Retractable Pin Tool (2001)

Abstract Our studies have shown that coinjection of conventional single-stranded adeno-associated virus 2 (ssAAV2) vectors carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene with self-complementary (sc) AAV2-T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) and scAAV2-protein phosphatase-5 (PP5) vectors resulted in an approximately 16-fold increase in EGFP expression in primary murine hepatocytes in vivo [Jayandharan, G.R., Zhong, L., Li, B., Kachniarz, B., and Srivastava, A. (2008). Gene Ther. 15, 1287-1293]. In the present studies, this strategy was further optimized to achieve transgene expression at reduced vector/helper virus doses. These included the use of scAAV helper viruses containing (1) hepatocyte-specific promoters, (2) tyrosine-mutant AAV2 capsids, and (3) additional AAV serotype vectors known to efficiently transduce hepatocytes. The hepatocyte-specific transthyretin (TTR) promoter was approximately 6- to 7-fold more efficient than the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter; tyrosine-mutant AAV2 capsids were approximately 6- to 11-fold more efficient than the wild-type AAV2 capsids; and the AAV8 serotype helper virus was approximately 16-fold more efficient than AAV2 serotype helper virus. With these modifications, the vector dose of the helper virus could be further reduced by approximately 50-fold. Last, coadministration of scAAV8-PP5 helper virus increased coagulation factor IX expression from an ssAAV2 vector by approximately 7- to 10-fold, thereby achieving therapeutic levels at lower vector doses. No adverse effect on hepatocytes was observed under any of these experimental conditions. The strategy presented here should be adaptable to any ssAAV transgene cassette and, specifically, liver-directed applications of ssAAV2 vectors containing larger genes that cannot be encapsidated in scAAV vectors.
Microfabrication and Characterization of W-Band Planar Helix Slow-Wave Structure With Straight-Edge Connections (2011)

A slow-wave structure (SWS) consisting of a planar helix with straight-edge connections and incorporating a coplanar waveguide feed has been designed for operation at W-band and has been fabricated using microfabrication technique. On-wafer cold measurements have been carried out on a number of fabricated SWSs, and the results are reported here for the first time. The parameters measured are return loss, attenuation, and phase velocity, and the results cover a frequency range of 70-100 GHz. Cold-test parameters of the SWS have been also obtained using simulations, and the effects of fabrication, such as surface roughness, have been accounted for by estimating effective conductivity of different parts of the microfabricated structures. The measured and simulated results match well. The effects of silicon wafer resistivity have been also discussed. Planar helical SWSs fabricated in this manner have application in traveling-wave tubes operating at millimeter wave and higher frequencies.
Soluble γ-Secretase Modulators Selectively Inhibit the Production of the 42-Amino Acid Amyloid β Peptide Variant and Augment the Production of Multiple Carboxy-Truncated Amyloid β Species (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by an abundance of extracellular neuritic plaques composed primarily of the 42-amino acid amyloid β peptide variant (Aβ42). In the majority of familial AD (FAD) cases, e.g., those harboring mutations in presenilin 1 (PS1), there is a relative increase in the levels of Aβ42 compared to the levels of Aβ40. We previously reported the characterization of a series of aminothiazole-bridged aromates termed aryl aminothiazole γ-secretase modulators or AGSMs [Kounnas, M. Z., et al. (2010) Neuron 67, 769-780] and showed their potential for use in the treatment of FAD [Wagner, S. L., et al. (2012) Arch. Neurol. 69, 1255-1258]. Here we describe a series of GSMs with physicochemical properties improved compared to those of AGSMs. Specific heterocycle replacements of the phenyl rings in AGSMs provided potent molecules with improved aqueous solubilities. A number of these soluble γ-secretase modulators (SGSMs) potently lowered Aβ42 levels without inhibiting proteolysis of Notch or causing accumulation of amyloid precursor protein carboxy-terminal fragments, even at concentrations approximately 1000-fold greater than their IC50 values for reducing Aβ42 levels. The effects of one potent SGSM on Aβ peptide production were verified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, showing enhanced production of a number of carboxy-truncated Aβ species. This SGSM also inhibited Aβ42 peptide production in a highly purified reconstituted γ-secretase in vitro assay system and retained the ability to modulate γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis in a stably transfected cell culture model overexpressing a human PS1 mutation validating the potential for use in FAD.
Electrically Controlled Single Quantum Dot Switching in Photonic Crystal Resonators (2009)

The reflectivity of a photonic crystal cavity is modified using a single coupled quantum dot. We demonstrate electrical modulation by controlling the state of the quantum dot using a lateral electric field.
Bilayer avalanche spin-diode logic (2015)

A novel spintronic computing paradigm is proposed and analyzed in which InSb p-n bilayer avalanche spin-diodes are cascaded to efficiently perform complex logic operations. This spin-diode logic family uses control wires to generate magnetic fields that modulate the resistance of the spin-diodes, and currents through these devices control the resistance of cascaded devices. Electromagnetic simulations are performed to demonstrate the cascading mechanism, and guidelines are provided for the development of this innovative computing technology. This cascading scheme permits compact logic circuits with switching speeds determined by electromagnetic wave propagation rather than electron motion, enabling high-performance spintronic computing.
Abstract 18933: Regulation of Impaired Angiogenesis in Diabetes by Microrna26a (2014)

Wound healing is a physiological reparative response to injury that involves hemostasis, cellular migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, wound contraction and re-epithelialization. However, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are frequently afflicted with impaired wound healing that progresses into chronic wounds or diabetic ulcers, and may lead to complications including limb amputation. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in a wide-range of disease states. We have investigated the potential role of microRNA-26a (miR-26a) in a diabetic model of wound healing. Expression of miR-26a is rapidly induced in response to diabetic stimuli (e.g. high glucose, PKC activation) in endothelial cells (ECs). Punch skin biopsy wounding of db/db mice revealed increased expression of miR-26a (~2-fold) four days post wounding compared to that of WT mice. Local administration of a miR-26a inhibitor, LNA-anti-miR-26a, induced angiogenesis (up to 80%), increased granulation tissue thickness (by 2.5 fold) and accelerated wound closure (by 50% after nine days) compared to scrambled anti-miR controls using a db/db mouse model of diabetes. These effects were independent of altered M1/M2 macrophage ratios. Mechanistically, inhibition of miR-26a increased its target gene, SMAD1, both at the mRNA and protein levels in ECs. In addition, increased SMAD1 levels correlated with increased ID1, a downstream modulator or SMAD1, and decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 nine days post-wounding of diabetic mice. Interestingly, inhibition of miR-26a increased migration and growth of both human microvascular ECs (HMVECs), human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), and fibroblasts under normal glucose conditions. However, in the presence of high glucose, anti-miR-26a functional effects were abolished in fibroblasts, but not in HUVECs or HMVECs, suggesting cell-specific miR-26a regulated effects under diabetic conditions. These findings establish miR-26a as an important regulator on the progression of skin wounds of diabetic mice by specifically regulating the angiogenic response after injury, and demonstrate that neutralization of miR-26a may serve as a novel approach for therapy.
Development of a transformation and selection system for the glycolipid‐producing yeast <i>Candida bombicola</i> (2008)

Sophorolipids are surface-active compounds synthesized by the non-pathogenic yeast Candida bombicola. Over recent decades much effort has been spent to optimize culture conditions in order to improve the yield and production process. As far as we know, however, hardly any attention has been given to the genetics of the producing yeast strain itself and there are no published results available on the genetic engineering of C. bombicola. Nevertheless, this can be a useful tool for the study of the sophorolipid synthesis pathway and open up perspectives for improved production. A first step is the development of a suitable transformation and selection method. This article describes the creation and selection of an uracil auxotrophic C. bombicola mutant, which can be transformed back to prototrophy with the species' own orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase or URA3 gene. Successful transformation was confirmed by a PCR-based method discriminating between the wild-type and mutated URA3 gene.
Tuning genetic control through promoter engineering (2005)

Gene function is typically evaluated by sampling the continuum of gene expression at only a few discrete points corresponding to gene knockout or overexpression. We argue that this characterization is incomplete and present a library of engineered promoters of varying strengths obtained through mutagenesis of a constitutive promoter. A multifaceted characterization of the library, especially at the single-cell level to ensure homogeneity, permitted quantitative assessment correlating the effect of gene expression levels to improved growth and product formation phenotypes in Escherichia coli. Integration of these promoters into the chromosome can allow for a quantitative accurate assessment of genetic control. To this end, we used the characterized library of promoters to assess the impact of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase levels on growth yield and deoxy-xylulose-P synthase levels on lycopene production. The multifaceted characterization of promoter strength enabled identification of optimal expression levels for ppc and dxs, which maximized the desired phenotype. Additionally, in a strain preengineered to produce lycopene, the response to deoxy-xylulose-P synthase levels was linear at all levels tested, indicative of a rate-limiting step, unlike the parental strain, which exhibited an optimum expression level, illustrating that optimal gene expression levels are variable and dependent on the genetic background of the strain. This promoter library concept is illustrated as being generalizable to eukaryotic organisms (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and thus constitutes an integral platform for functional genomics, synthetic biology, and metabolic engineering endeavors.