gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Limits of Methane Storage and Delivery in Nanoporous Materials (2014)

The physical limits for methane storage and delivery in nanoporous materials were investigated, with a focus on whether it is possible to reach a methane deliverable capacity of 315 cm3(STP)/cm3 in line with the adsorption target established by the ARPA-E agency. Our efforts focused on how both geometric and chemical properties, such as void fraction (Vf), volumetric surface area (Sv), and heat of adsorption (Qst), impact methane deliverable capacity, i.e., the amount of methane adsorbed at some storage pressure minus the amount adsorbed at the delivery pressure. With the aid of grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, we studied methane adsorption and delivery properties in a population of 122 835 hypothetical pcu metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and 39 idealized carbon-based porous materials. From the simulation results, we developed an analytical equation that helped us delimit the necessary material properties to reach specific methane deliverable capacity targets. The maximum deliverable capacity between 65 and 5.8 bar among the hypothetical MOFs was 206 cm3(STP)/cm3 at 298 K. We found that artificially increasing the methane–MOF interaction strength by increasing the Lennard-Jones ε parameters of the MOF atoms by 2- and 4-fold only improved the maximum deliverable capacity up to 223 and 228 cm3(STP)/cm3, respectively. However, the effect on the amount stored at 65 bar was more significant, which suggested another strategy; raising the temperature of the system by 100 K can recover ∼70% of the methane stranded at the delivery pressure. By increasing the delivery temperature to 398 K, the ARPA-E target was reached by a few hypothetical MOFs with quadrupled ε values. This work shows the difficulty in reaching the ARPA-E target but also suggests that a strategy that combines a material with a large volumetric density of sites that interact strongly with methane and raising the delivery temperature can greatly improve the performance of nanoporous materials for methane storage and delivery. The optimal heat of adsorption in an isothermal storage and delivery scenario is approximately 10.5–14.5 kJ/mol, whereas in the nonisothermal storage and delivery scenario the optimal heats of adsorption fell within a range of 11.8–19.8 kJ/mol.
Intracochlear pressure measurements related to cochlear tuning (2001)

Pressure in turn one of the scala tympani (s.t.) was measured close to the basilar membrane (b.m.) and at additional positions as the pressure sensor approached and/or withdrew from the b.m. The s.t. pressure measured within about 100 microm of the b.m. varied rapidly in space at frequencies around the region's best frequency. Very close to the b.m. the s.t. pressure was tuned and scaled nonlinearly with sound level. The scala vestibuli (s.v.) pressure was measured at one position close to the stapes within seconds of the s.t. pressure and served primarily as a reference pressure. The driving pressure across the organ of Corti and the b.m. velocity were derived from the pressure data. Both were tuned and nonlinear. Therefore, their ratio, the specific acoustic impedance of the organ of Corti complex, was relatively untuned, and only subtly nonlinear. The impedance was inspected specifically for negative resistance (amplification) and resonance. Both were detected in some instances; taken as a whole, the current results constrain the possibilities for these qualities.
Amyloid-&#946; Immunotherapy for Alzheimers Disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the brain and the most common form of dementia among the elderly. As the population grows and lifespan is extended, the number of AD patients will continue to rise. Current clinical therapies for AD provide partial symptomatic benefits for some patients; however, none of them modify disease progression. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, the major component of senile plaques in AD patients, is considered to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD thereby leading to Abeta as a target for treatment. Abeta immunotherapy has been shown to induce a marked reduction in amyloid burden and an improvement in cognitive function in animal models. Although preclinical studies were successful, the initial human clinical trial of an active Abeta vaccine was halted due to the development of meningoencephalitis in approximately 6% of the vaccinated AD patients. Some encouraging outcomes, including signs of cognitive stabilization and apparent plaque clearance, were obtained in subset of patients who generated antibody titers. These promising preliminary data support further efforts to refine Abeta immunotherapy to produce highly effective and safer active and passive vaccines for AD. Furthermore, some new human clinical trials for both active and passive Abeta immunotherapy are underway. In this review, we will provide an update of Abeta immunotherapy in animal models and in human beings, as well as discuss the possible mechanisms underlying Abeta immunotherapy for AD.
Urinary cortisol as an additional tool to assess thewelfare of pregnant sows kept in two types of housing (2002)

The use of urinary cortisol (UC) as an additional tool to evaluate sows welfare was assessed in two experiments. In a preliminary methodological experiment, the kinetics of cortisol excretion in urine was studied during an Adreno Cortico Trophic Hormone (ACTH) challenge test in 10 pregnant sows. In a second experiment, 96 primiparous sows of an experimental unit were assigned to two different housing systems: 48 animals were housed in individual pens (IP) and 48 animals in collective pens (CP) with 6 animals per pen. UC was measured at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy and compared with other welfare indicators such as behaviour or skin damage. In both experiments, UC was measured using a high pressure liquid chromatography assay. In experiment 1, UC was constant on the day before injection of ACTH, with no variations related to circadian rhythm. It began to rise 2 h after the injection, peaked between 2 to 5 h after then returned to the basal concentration on the day after the injection. In experiment 2, UC concentrations were not different between CP- and IP-housed sows but they were higher in sows exhibiting the less stereotypies in comparison with sows exhibiting the most stereotypies. The results of this study suggest that UC is a good indicator of acute stress, more convenient than plasma cortisol measurement since it is a non-invasive method avoiding restraint or catheterisation of sows. They also suggest that UC could also give additional information on the assessment of chronic stress and improve the evaluation of animal welfare if used in conjunction with other welfare indicators.
Homomorphic Trapdoor Commitments to Group Elements. (2009)

We present homomorphic trapdoor commitments to group elements. In contrast, previous homomorphic trapdoor commitment schemes only allow the messages to be exponents. Our commitment schemes are length-reducing, we can make a short commitment to many group elements at once, and they are perfectly hiding and computationally binding. The commitment schemes are based on groups with a bilinear map. We can commit to elements from a base group, whereas the commitments belong to the target group. We present two constructions based on simple computational intractability assumptions, which we call respectively the double pairing assumption and the simultaneous triple pairing assumption. While the assumptions are new, we demonstrate that they are implied by well-known assumptions; respectively the decision Diffie-Hellman assumption and the decision linear assumption.
Physical Restraint Use and Falls in Nursing Home Residents (1996)

Restraints were not associated with a significantly lower risk of falls or injuries in subgroups of residents likely to be restrained. These findings support individualized assessment of fall risk rather than routine use of physical restraints for fall prevention. Researchers and clinicians should continue to focus efforts on developing a variety of approaches that reduce risk of falls and injuries and promote mobility rather than immobility.
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis After 3 Different Types of Posterior Segmental Spinal Instrumentation and Fusions (2007)

Two-year postoperative PJK prevalence in AIS following 3 different posterior segmental spinal instrumentation and fusion surgeries was 27%. A larger preoperative thoracic kyphosis angle, greater immediate postoperative thoracic kyphosis angle decrease, thoracoplasty, and male sex correlated significantly with PJK. There were no significant differences in Scoliosis Research Society Patient Questionnaire-24 outcome-scores between the PJK and non-PJK group.
Are economic globalisation and sustainable development compatible? Business strategy and the role of the multinational enterprise (1998)

Much concern has been generated in recent times regarding the pivotal role played by multinational enterprises in determining the environmental implications of continuing economic globalisation. Yet, although some commentators have cast multinationals as an enemy of sustainable development, others have cast them an ally, at least potentially. The purpose of this paper is to consider the extent to which business strategies adopted by multinationals may serve either to assist or to frustrate governments in their quest for sustainable development. The paper concludes that corporate environmentalism could help to make economic globalisation and sustainable development more compatible, provided that appropriate carrots were made available to multinationals and the necessary sticks were wielded by regulators.
AAV5-miHTT Gene Therapy Demonstrates Sustained Huntingtin Lowering and Functional Improvement in Huntington Disease Mouse Models (2019)

Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion in the <i>huntingtin</i> (<i>HTT</i>) gene. The translated expanded polyglutamine repeat in the HTT protein is known to cause toxic gain of function. We showed previously that strong HTT lowering prevented neuronal dysfunction in HD rodents and minipigs after single intracranial injection of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 expressing a microRNA targeting human <i>HTT</i> (AAV5-miHTT). To evaluate long-term efficacy, AAV5-miHTT was injected into the striatum of knockin Q175 HD mice, and the mice were sacrificed 12 months post-injection. AAV5-miHTT caused a dose-dependent and sustained HTT protein reduction with subsequent suppression of mutant HTT aggregate formation in the striatum and cortex. Functional proof of concept was shown in transgenic R6/2 HD mice. Eight weeks after AAV5-miHTT treatment, a significant improvement in motor coordination on the rotarod was observed. Survival analysis showed that a single AAV5-miHTT treatment resulted in a significant 4-week increase in median survival compared with vehicle-treated R6/2 HD mice. The combination of long-term HTT lowering, reduction in aggregation, prevention of neuronal dysfunction, alleviation of HD-like symptoms, and beneficial survival observed in HD rodents treated with AAV5-miHTT supports the continued development of HTT-lowering gene therapies for HD.
Carbon Nanotube–DNA Nanoarchitectures and Electronic Functionality (2006)

Abstract Biological molecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) possess inherent recognition and self‐assembly capabilities, and are attractive templates for constructing functional hierarchical material structures as building blocks for nanoelectronics. Here we report the assembly and electronic functionality of nanoarchitectures based on conjugates of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) functionalized with carboxylic groups and single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequences possessing terminal amino groups on both ends, hybridized together through amide linkages by adopting a straightforward synthetic route. Morphological and chemical‐functional characterization of the nanoarchitectures are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical measurements (I–V characterization) of the nanoarchitectures demonstrate negative differential resistance in the presence of SWNT/ssDNA interfaces, which indicates a biomimetic route to fabricating resonant tunneling diodes. I–V characterization on platinum‐metallized SWNT–ssDNA nanoarchitectures via salt reduction indicates modulation of their electrical properties, with effects ranging from those of a resonant tunneling diode to a resistor, depending on the amount of metallization. Electron transport through the nanoarchitectures has been analyzed by density functional theory calculations. Our studies illustrate the great promise of biomimetic assembly of functional nanosystems based on biotemplated materials and present new avenues toward exciting future opportunities in nanoelectronics and nanobiotechnology.
High-mobility β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>($\bar{2}01$) single crystals grown by edge-defined film-fed growth method and their Schottky barrier diodes with Ni contact (2015)

High-Hall-electron-mobility and high-performance Schottky barrier diodes for edge-defined fed-grown () β-Ga2O3 single crystals have been demonstrated. A high electron mobility of 886 cm2/(V·s) at 85 K was obtained. By theoretical specific scattering mechanisms, it was found that the electron mobility for >200 K is limited by optical phonon scattering and that for <100 K by ionized impurity scattering. On Schottky barrier diodes with Ni contacts, the current density for the forward voltage was 70.3 A/cm2 at 2.0 V, and a nearly ideal ideality factor of 1.01 was obtained.
Algorithms for scalable synchronization on shared-memory multiprocessors (1995)

Busy-wait techniques are heavily used for mutual exclusion and barrier synchronization in shared-memory parallel programs. Unfortunately, typical implementations of busy-waiting tend to produce large amounts of memory and interconnect contention, introducing performance bottlenecks that become markedly more pronounced as applications scale. We argue that this problem is not fundamental, and that one can in fact construct busy-wait synchronization algorithms that induce no memory or interconnect contention. The key to these algorithms is for every processor to spin on separate locally-accessible ag variables, and for some other processor to terminate the spin with a single remote write operation at an appropriate time. Flag variables may be locally-accessible as a result of coherent caching, or by virtue of allocation in the local portion of physically distributed shared memory. We present a new scalable algorithm for spin locks that generates O(1) remote references per lock acquisition, independent of the number of processors attempting to acquire the lock. Our algorithm provides reasonable latency in the absence of contention, requires only a constant amount of space per lock, and requires no hardware support other than
Multi-Criteria Sustainability Assessment in Transport Planning for Recreational Travel (2013)

ABSTRACT A transport planning framework is considered that incorporates a multi-criteria, composite sustainability index (CSI) with elastic decision-maker preferences, and applied to a case study of an outdoor recreational destination. A stated preference survey is conducted on transit alternatives to access the United States. Mojave National Preserve from Barstow, California, located 160 kilometers away. A binary logit model is developed to relate policy variables to sustainability dimensions. A revised CSI is applied to evaluate eight alternatives under three decision-making schemes. Findings suggest that a zero-emissions train service with two round trips per day is preferred over the other alternatives under all three schemes. Key Words: composite sustainability indexmulti-criteria decision-makingoutdoor recreationtransport planning ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Seth Shteir at the National Parks Conservation Association and the U.S. National Park Service for sponsoring us on the "Sustainable Transit Feasibility Study for the Mojave National Preserve," Study No. MOJA-00223. Helpful comments from five anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. The contents of this paper reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of NPCA or NPS. This paper does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Notes *MNP = Mojave National Preserve. a Capital Costs include rolling stock only (capital costs are based on equivalent per milecosts from NTD). b Bus is assumed to operate as a Direct Operations (i.e., run by the park service). c Train is assumed to be operated as Purchased transportation (i.e., run by rail operator Amtrak). d MTCE = Metric tons carbon equivalent. a Capital Costs include rolling stock only (capital costs are based on equivalent per mile costs from NTD). b Bus is assumed to operate as a Direct Operations (i.e., run by the park service). c Train is assumed to be operated as Purchased transportation (i.e., run by rail operator Amtrak). d Clean vehicle costs are three times higher than traditional (Patil et al. Citation2010). e MTCE = Metric tons carbon equivalent. *CO2 Emissions are not currently regulated by EPA. a Alternatives: Green (G) or Diesel (D); Bus (B) or Train (T); 2x/day (2) or 4x/day (4) (e.g., GB2 = Green Bus 2x/day).
Assembly-induced folding regulates interleukin 12 biogenesis and secretion (2017)

Members of the IL-12 family perform essential functions in immunoregulation by connecting innate and adaptive immunity and are emerging therapeutic targets. They are unique among other interleukins in forming heterodimers that arise from extensive subunit sharing within the family, leading to the production of at least four functionally distinct heterodimers from only five subunits. This raises important questions about how the assembly of IL-12 family members is regulated and controlled in the cell. Here, using cell-biological approaches, we have dissected basic principles that underlie the biogenesis of the founding member of the family, IL-12. Within the native IL-12 heterodimer, composed of IL-12α and IL-12β, IL-12α possesses three intramolecular and one intermolecular disulfide bridges. We show that, in isolation, IL-12α fails to form its native structure but, instead, misfolds, forming incorrect disulfide bonds. Co-expression of its β subunit inhibits misfolding and thus allows secretion of biologically active heterodimeric IL-12. On the basis of these findings, we identified the disulfide bonds in IL-12α that are critical for assembly-induced secretion and biological activity of IL-12 <i>versus</i> misfolding and degradation of IL-12α. Surprisingly, two of the three disulfide bridges in IL-12α are dispensable for IL-12 secretion, stability, and biological activity. Extending our findings, we show that misfolding also occurs for IL-23α, another IL-12 family protein. Our results indicate that assembly-induced folding is key in IL-12 family biogenesis and secretion. The identification of essential disulfide bonds that underlie this process lays the basis for a simplified yet functional IL-12 cytokine.
Planned Arrangements for Electricity Supply to the Sydney Area to the Year 2000 (1976)

This paper relates to the planned arrangements for the public distribution of electrical energy in the Sydney County District to cater for load increases anticipated up to the year 2000. The planning covers the supply system of a large city having voltage levels of 132kV down to the consumers' voltage of 415/240V and the paper also describes the electricity distribution practices used to supply high density loads in the Central Business District, medium density loads in the industrial, commercial and high density residential areas which surround the Central Business District, and the lower load densities in the suburban residential areas.
Fast iterative algorithms for three‐dimensional inverse treatment planning (1998)

Three types of iterative algorithms, algebraic inverse treatment planning (AITP), simultaneous iterative inverse treatment planning (SIITP), and iterative least-square inverse treatment planning (ILSITP), differentiated according to their updating sequences, were generalized to three dimension with true beam geometry and dose model. A rapid ray-tracing approach was developed to optimize the primary beam components. Instead of recalculating the dose matrix at each iteration, the dose distribution was generated by scaling up or down the dose matrix elements of the previous iteration. This significantly increased the calculation speed. The iterative algorithms started with an initial intensity profile for each beam, specified by a two-dimensional pixel beam map of M elements. The calculation volume was divided into N voxels, and the calculation was done by repeatedly comparing the calculated and desired doses and adjusting the values of the beam map elements to minimize an objective function. In AITP, the iteration is performed voxel by voxel. For each voxel, the dose discrepancy was evaluated and the contributing pencil beams were updated. In ILSITP and SIITP, the iteration proceeded pencil beam by pencil beam instead of voxel by voxel. In all cases, the iteration procedure was repeated until the best possible dose distribution was achieved. The algorithms were applied to two examples and the results showed that the iterative techniques were able to produce superior isodose distributions.
Troubling calls for evidence: A critical race, class and gender analysis of whose evidence counts (2012)

Writing in the spirit of feminist psychologists who have historically refused to narrow the gaze of our craft, I want to cast a critical eye on popular calls for ‘evidence-based practice’ and more specifically research epistemologies funded to produce such evidence. Surrounded by sprawling debris reflecting the gendered, raced, classed and sexualized collateral damage of economic and political crisis, I find it most peculiar that psychologists have eagerly answered calls for ‘evidence’ – without a pause for asking: Why now? Whose evidence counts? What kinds of evidence are being privileged? What are we not seeing? As psychologists seek to produce ‘evidence’ of program effectiveness in contexts of huge inequality gaps in which state supports are being cut, funding streams, publication mandates, Impact Factors and high tier journals actively encourage researchers to narrow our focus on a discrete set of standardized indicators, drawn from random assignment of ‘subjects’ to ‘conditions,’ thereby whiting out the non-random cumulative landscape of injustice, resilience and resistance.