gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of thermal images distorted by the atmosphere, using predicted atmospheric modulation transfer function (1994)

Restoration of thermal images distorted by the atmosphere, received on a focal plane array (FPA) thermal imaging system, is presented. The restoration method is based upon atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Using turbulence and aerosol MTF prediction models atmospheric distortions and image corruption are modeled. Preliminary restoration results indicate significant improvement in image quality.
HLA Homozygous Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Parthenogenetic Blastocysts (2007)

Individual HLA homozygous parthenogenetic human stem cell (hpSC-Hhom) lines have the potential for cell-based therapy in a significant number of individuals, provided the HLA haplotype is prevalent. We report the successful derivation of four stable hpSC-Hhom lines from both HLA homozygous and HLA heterozygous donors. Of these, the hpSC-Hhom-4 line carries the HLA haplotype found most commonly within the U.S. population, and is shared by different racial groups. These hpSC-Hhom lines demonstrate typical human embryonic stem cell morphology, expressing appropriate stem cell markers and possessing high levels of alkaline phosphatase and telomerase activity. Additionally, injection of these cell lines into immunodeficient animals leads to teratoma formation. G-banded karyotyping demonstrates a normal 46,XX karyotype in lines hpSC-Hhom-1 and hpSC-Hhom-4, and chromosomal anomalies in lines hpSC-Hhom-2 and hpSC-Hhom-3, both derived from the same donor. HLA genotyping of all four hpSC-Hhom lines demonstrates that they are HLA homozygous. Furthermore, in the case of HLA heterozygous donors, the hpSC-Hhom lines inherit the haplotype from only one of the donor's parents. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data analysis suggests that hpSC-Hhom lines derived from HLA heterozygous oocyte donors are homozygous throughout the genome as assessed by SNP analysis. The protocol used for deriving these HLA homozygous stem cell lines minimizes the use of animal-derived components, which makes them more appealing for potential clinical application.
Cover Picture: Tailoring Biomass‐Derived Carbon Nanoarchitectures for High‐Performance Supercapacitors (ChemElectroChem 2/2014) (2014)

On p. 332, H. Wang, Z. Li, and D. Mitlin show that biomass-derived carbons with low cost and unique nano-sized architectures can be excellent electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors—a promising class of energy-storage devices.
Nonlinear Aerodynamic Modeling from Flight Data Using Advanced Piloted Maneuvers and Fuzzy Logic (2013)

Results of the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate Seedling Project Phase I research project entitled Nonlinear Aerodynamics Modeling using Fuzzy Logic are presented. Efficient and rapid flight test capabilities were developed for estimating highly nonlinear models of airplane aerodynamics over a large flight envelope. Results showed that the flight maneuvers developed, used in conjunction with the fuzzy-logic system identification algorithms, produced very good model fits of the data, with no model structure inputs required, for flight conditions ranging from cruise to departure and spin conditions.
Quantified Spectrum Sharing: Motivation, Approach, and Benefits (2016)

A significant portion of the radio frequency spectrum remains underutilized with exclusive and static allocation of spectrum. The growing demand for spectrum has spurred a need for dynamic spectrum sharing paradigm. While the new dynamic spectrum sharing paradigm helps to improve utilization of the precious spectrum resource, there exist several obstacles on the technical, regulatory, and business fronts for the adoption of the new paradigm. In this paper, we investigate the limitations of the existing techniques and argue for quantified approach to dynamic spectrum sharing and management. We introduce a quantified approach to spectrum sharing based on defining and enforcing quantified spectrum-access rights. By discretizing the spectrum-space in the time, space, frequency dimensions, this approach enables quantifying the spectrum consumed by individual transceivers. It enables defining and enforcing a quantified spectrum-access policy in real-time. The proposed quantified approach brings in simplicity, precision and efficiency in terms of spectrum commerce and operations while addressing the key technical and regulatory challenges.
Targeted Synthesis of Complex Spiro[3<i>H</i>‐indole‐3,2′‐pyrrolidin]‐2(1<i>H</i>)‐ones by Intramolecular Cyclization of Azomethine Ylides: Highly Potent MDM2–p53 Inhibitors (2018)

Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a main and direct inhibitor of the crucial tumor suppressor p53. Reports from initial clinical trials showed that blocking this interaction with a small-molecule inhibitor can have great value in the treatment of cancer for patients with p53 wild-type tumors; however, it also revealed dose-limiting hematological toxicities and drug-induced resistance as main issues. To overcome the former, an inhibitor with superior potency and pharmacokinetic properties to ultimately achieve full efficacy with less-frequent dosing schedules is required. Toward this aim, we optimized our recently reported spiro-oxindole inhibitors by focusing on the crucial interaction with the amino acid side chain of His96<sub>MDM2</sub> . The designed molecules required the targeted synthesis of structurally complex spiro[indole-3,2'-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrrole]-2,4'-diones for which we developed an unprecedented intramolecular azomethine ylide cycloaddition and investigated the results by computational methods. One of the new compounds showed superior cellular potency over previously reported BI-0252. This finding is a significant step toward an inhibitor suitable to potentially mitigate hematological on-target adverse effects.
Laser-Interference Surface Preparation for Enhanced Coating Adhesion and Adhesive Joining of Multi-Materials (Final Project Report) (2021)

This report investigates a laser-interference surface treatment as a non-contact, i.e., without major solid/liquid medium application or abrasion, and non-chemical surface preparation method for aerospace coating systems. It was proposed to use the laser-interference technique to structure surfaces of Al and/or Ti, creating "rough" surfaces with pre-engineered series of ridges and valleys at submicron scale. The science goal of this study was to develop an understanding of the surface microstructure, topology, and physical mechanisms that would improve adhesion and corrosion protection of Al2024-T3. Microstructure analysis indicates that the laser-interference structuring (LIS) was found to reduce the formation of CuMn-rich precipitates in Al 2024-T3 over a 500-800 nm depth from top surface. The X-cut and cross-hatch coating adhesion ratings indicate that the LIS specimens meet the performance requirements in the coating adhesion specifications by having a higher or identical ranking to those specimens prepared with current state-of-the-art chemical conversion or sulfuric acid anodizing. After the ASTM B117 corrosion exposure, it was found that the laser processed specimens exhibited only few blisters. It was found that the corrosion damage was minimized at a laser rastering speed of 4 mm/s, for which only 33% of specimens developed very minor corrosion damage. The ASTM D1654 creepage ratings, used to evaluate corrosion damage along the scribe lines, were found to be at least nine for all coated panels. These results indicate that the laser-interference technique with the additional acetone wiping has the potential to be further developed as a minor chemical surface preparation technique for chromate-containing epoxy primers coatings.
A 14-bit 2.5GS/s and 5GS/s RF sampling ADC with background calibration and dither (2016)

We describe a 14-bit 2.5GS/s non-interleaved pipelined ADC that relies on correlation-based background calibrations to correct the inter-stage gain, settling (dynamic), kick-back and memory errors. A new technique is employed to inject a large dither signal on the input to dither the non-linear kick-back on the ADC driver, and another large dither signal is injected to dither any residual non-linearity in the pipeline. In order to correct the effect of aging on the comparators, a new background calibration technique is employed to correct the comparator offsets. The ADC is fabricated as a dual in a 28nm CMOS process. An optional interleaved mode is provided, where the two ADCs on chip are time-interleaved to obtain a single 14-bit 5GS/s ADC. Background calibration of offset and gain mismatch and fixed calibration of timing mismatch between the two channels are implemented on chip.
Broken symmetry dielectric resonators for high quality-factor Fano metasurfaces (2016)

We present a new approach to dielectric metasurface design that relies on a single resonator per unit cell and produces robust, high quality-factor Fano resonances. Our approach utilizes symmetry breaking of highly symmetric resonator geoemetries, such as cubes, to induce couplings between the otherwise orthogonal resonator modes. In particular, we design perturbations that couple "bright" dipole modes to "dark" dipole modes whose radiative decay is suppressed by local field effects in the array. Our approach is widely scalable from the near-infrared to radio frequencies. We first unravel the Fano resonance behavior through numerical simulations of a germanium resonator-based metasurface that achieved a quality-factor of ~1300 at ~10.8 um. Then, we present two experimental demonstrations operating in the near-infrared (~1 um): a silicon-based implementation that achieved a quality-factor of ~350; and a gallium arsenide-based structure that achieves a quality-factor of ~600 - the highest near-infrared quality-factor experimentally demonstrated to date with this kind of metasurfaces. Importantly, large electromagnetic field enhancements appear within the resonators at the Fano resonant frequencies. We envision that combining high-quality factor, high field enhancement resonances with nonlinear and active/gain materials such as gallium arsenide will lead to new classes of active optical devices.
Immunoengineering: Biodegradable Nanoellipsoidal Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Antigen Specific T‐Cell Activation (Small 13/2015) (2015)

Nonspherical ellipsoidal nanodimensional artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) are fabricated by J. J. Green and co-workers and on page 1519 they are shown to have superior T-Cell activation and pharmacokinetic properties compared to equivalent spherical nanodimensional aAPCs. Shown on the cover are transmission electron microscopy images of the ellipsoidal nanoparticles interacting with a computer generated T-Cell membrane as nano aAPCs. Due to their larger radius of curvature, ellipsoidal nano aAPCs are more effective at biomimicry of natural APCs for antigen-specific T-Cell activation.
<title>SBASIC video coding and its 3D-DCT extension for MPEG-4 multimedia</title> (1996)

Due to the need to interchange video data in a seamless and cost effective manner, interoperability between applications, terminals and services has become increasingly important. The ISO Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) has developed the MPEG-1 and the MPEG-2 audio-visual coding standards to meet these challenges; these standards allow a range of applications at bitrates from 1 Mbits to 100 Mbit/s. However, in the meantime, a new breed of applications has arisen which demand higher compression, more interactivity and increased error resilience. These applications are expected to be addressed by the next phase standard, called MPEG-4, which is currently in progress. We discuss the various functionalities expected to be offered by the MPEG-4 standard along with the development plan and the framework used for evaluation of video coding proposals in the recent first evaluation tests. Having clarified the requirements, functionalities and the development process of MPEG-4, we propose a generalized approach for video coding referred to as adaptive scalable interframe coding (ASIC) for MPEG-4. Using this generalized approach we develop a video coding scheme suitable for MPEG-4 based multimedia applications in bitrate range of 320 kbit/s to 1024 kbit/s. The proposed scheme is referred to as source and bandwidth adaptive scalable interframe coding (SBASIC) and builds not only on the proven framework of motion compensated DCT coding and scalability but also introduces several new concepts. The SNR and MPEG-4 subjective evaluation results are presented to show the good performance achieved by SBASIC. Next, extension of SBASIC by motion compensated 3D- DCT coding is discussed. It is envisaged that this extension when complete will further improve the coding efficiency of SBASIC.
Biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. (2002)

The Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative bacteria were determined. Bacterial biofilms were readily formed on the CBD under selected conditions. The biofilms consisted of micro-colonies encased in extracellular polysaccharide material. Biofilms composed of Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium renale, or Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were not killed by the antibiotics tested but as planktonic bacteria they were sensitive at low concentrations. Biofilm and planktonic Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis were sensitive to penicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline. Planktonic Escherichia coli were sensitive to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/ sulfadoxine. Enrofloxacin and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics against E. coli growing as a biofilm. Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates growing as planktonic populations were sensitive to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfadoxine, but as a biofilm, these bacteria were only sensitive to enrofloxacin. Planktonic and biofilm Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica had similar antibiotic sensitivity profiles and were sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested. The CBD provides a valuable new technology that can be used to select antibiotics that are able to kill bacteria growing as biofilms.
Asymmetric structure-preserving subgraph queries for large graphs (2015)

One fundamental type of query for graph databases is subgraph isomorphism queries (a.k.a subgraph queries). Due to the computational hardness of subgraph queries coupled with the cost of managing massive graph data, outsourcing the query computation to a third-party service provider has been an economical and scalable approach. However, confidentiality is known to be an important attribute of Quality of Service (QoS) in Query as a Service (QaaS). In this paper, we propose the first practical private approach for subgraph query services, asymmetric structure-preserving subgraph query processing, where the data graph is publicly known and the query structure/topology is kept secret. Unlike other previous methods for subgraph queries, this paper proposes a series of novel optimizations that only exploit graph structures, not the queries. Further, we propose a robust query encoding and adopt the novel cyclic group based encryption so that query processing is transformed into a series of private matrix operations. Our experiments confirm that our techniques are efficient and the optimizations are effective.
Intelligent Localization of Transformer Internal Degradations Combining Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Image Segmentation (2019)

Industrial 4.0 placed higher demands on the field of intelligent equipment monitoring. The transformer is one of the critical power devices, its intelligent monitoring and fault positioning require in-depth studies. In this study, an efficient fault localization method for transformer internal thermal faults was proposed by introducing different deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and image segmentation. First, the transformer monitoring images of temperature and velocity fields in fault conditions were simulated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and the images were also used to highlight features information. In practice, transformer degradation does not frequently occur, so that the fault samples for deep learning are insufficient. To solve this problem, a transfer learning method was employed. Subsequently, fault locations were defined as classification labels, and different CNN's were used to classify the labels to achieve the fault localization results. Next, image segmentation was performed to extract the features of fault areas and simplify the data volumes. Likewise, the CNN's were employed to perform the fault localization again. Afterward, since the monitoring sensors were not located everywhere in a transformer in practical applications, information of partial monitoring areas where the monitoring sensors located was trained following a similar procedure. After image segmentation, the average fault localization accuracy using the information obtained by sensors decreased from 97.95% to 94.42%, while the data volume was reduced to nearly 1% of the original one. Besides, the average calculation time per iteration decreased by 8.816%, while the loss value was reduced by 37.68%. Finally, the Friedman hypothesis test and Nemenyi post hoc test were performed to compare the evaluation indicators of different networks, and the performance of GoogLeNet in this case was considered the best.
High single-step enrichment of rare stable isotopes by ion laser formaldehyde photo-predissociation (1976)

Very high single-step enrichment of deuterium, carbon-13, oxygen-17, and oxygen-18 has been achieved by photo-predissociation of formaldehyde with tunable near-ultraviolet ion lasers. Insertion of an intracavity etalon permitted tuning the XeIII 345.425nm ion laser transition over 10 GHz and the NeII transitions at 337.824nm and 332.375nm over 16 GHz to permit optimized isotopic selectivity of each formaldehyde isotope having absorption within the ion laser tuning range. Natural abundance deuterium was enriched 60-fold at 345nm to yield hydrogen gas with 1.6 percent HD, and 180-fold enrichment of deuterium as D/sub 2/ was achieved at 332nm. Substituting neon-22 blue-shifted laser emission 7 GHz to permit 33-fold enrichment of natural abundance carbon-13 to yield 29 percent /sup 13/CO photoproduct. D/sub 2/CO was used to achieve 44-fold oxygen-18 enrichment at 332nm and 27-fold oxygen-17 enrichment at 338nm also using the neon-22 ion laser. Radical production in D/sub 2/CO is less than 1 percent at 332nm. Isotope scrambling is 24 percent for C-13 using H/sub 2//sup 13/CO at 332nm, 4 percent for 0-18 using D/sub 2/C/sup 18/O at 332nm, and 9 percent for 0-17 using D/sub 2/C/sup 17/O at 338nm.
Contributions of resist polymers to innate material roughness (2008)

The authors have extended the atomic force microscopy-based technique to measure intrinsic material roughness after base development to evaluate a number of different polymer types in resist formulations. These polymers include environmentally stable chemical amplified photoresist type copolymers and terpolymers, methacrylate polymers, and fluoropolymers. The surface roughness of resists containing these polymers was measured along with the clearing dose with both extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) exposures. Selected resists containing a representative sampling of different lithographic polymers were imaged with both EUV and DUV exposures. It has been suggested by many that there is a fundamental inverse relationship between resist sensitivity and LER that leads to a fundamental limit to resist performance. It was found that no simple relationship exists between intrinsic material roughness (IMR) and sensitivity and instead some other, more complex relationship between the material properties of the polymer and resist process that is determining both the IMR and sensitivity. It was also found that no simple relationship existed between resist sensitivity and LER. This suggests that resist performance is not innately limited by any fundamental law but is instead open to further improvements through the use of new materials or material combinations.
Synthesis of Polybenzoquinolines as Precursors for Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons (2015)

Abstract Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represent promising materials for the next generation of nanoscale electronics. However, despite substantial progress towards the bottom‐up synthesis of chemically and structurally well‐defined all‐carbon GNRs, strategies for the preparation of their nitrogen‐doped analogs remain at a nascent stage. This scarce literature precedent is surprising given the established use of substitutional doping for tuning the properties of electronic materials. Herein, we report the synthesis of a previously unknown class of polybenzoquinoline‐based materials, which have potential as GNR precursors. Our scalable and facile approach employs few synthetic steps, inexpensive commercial starting materials, and straightforward reaction conditions. Moreover, due to the importance of quinoline derivatives for a variety of applications, the reported findings may hold implications across a diverse range of chemical and physical disciplines.
Voice conversion using deep neural networks with speaker-independent pre-training (2014)

In this study, we trained a deep autoencoder to build compact representations of short-term spectra of multiple speakers. Using this compact representation as mapping features, we then trained an artificial neural network to predict target voice features from source voice features. Finally, we constructed a deep neural network from the trained deep autoencoder and artificial neural network weights, which were then fine-tuned using back-propagation. We compared the proposed method to existing methods using Gaussian mixture models and frame-selection. We evaluated the methods objectively, and also conducted perceptual experiments to measure both the conversion accuracy and speech quality of selected systems. The results showed that, for 70 training sentences, frame-selection performed best, regarding both accuracy and quality. When using only two training sentences, the pre-trained deep neural network performed best, regarding both accuracy and quality.