gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Alternate Soft-Charge Circuit for Diode Front-End Variable-Frequency Drives (2010)

Variable-frequency drives (VFDs) with diode front-end rectifiers are typically equipped with a resistor-contactor arrangement to limit the inrush current into the dc-bus capacitors, thereby providing a means for soft charging the dc-bus capacitors. Because of the mechanical nature of the magnetic contactor typically used in VFDs, there exists a concern for fatigue. In addition, during a brownout condition, typically, the contactor remains closed, and when the voltage recovers, the ensuing transient is often large enough to possibly cause unfavorable influence to surrounding components in the VFD. Many researchers and application engineers have thought about this issue, and many are actively seeking nonmechanical solutions in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, a new topology to soft charge the dc-bus capacitor is proposed. Other techniques that have been evaluated are also introduced. The relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Experimental tests to show the feasibility of the proposed idea are also provided.
Chemical biology of anticancer gold(<scp>iii</scp>) and gold(<scp>i</scp>) complexes (2015)

Gold complexes have recently gained increasing attention in the design of new metal-based anticancer therapeutics. Gold(III) complexes are generally reactive/unstable under physiological conditions via intracellular redox reactions, and the intracellular Au(III) to Au(I) reduction reaction has recently been "traced" by the introduction of appropriate fluorescent ligands. Similar to most Au(I) complexes, Au(III) complexes can inhibit the activities of thiol-containing enzymes, including thioredoxin reductase, via ligand exchange reactions to form Au-S(Se) bonds. Nonetheless, there are examples of physiologically stable Au(III) and Au(I) complexes, such as [Au(TPP)]Cl (H2TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin) and [Au(dppe)2]Cl (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane), which are known to display highly potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of anticancer gold complexes, including their mechanisms of action and the approaches adopted to improve their anticancer efficiency. Some recent examples of gold anticancer chemotherapeutics are highlighted.
Method of producing /sup 67/Cu (1984)

A method of producing carrier-free /sup 67/Cu by proton spallation combined with subsequent chemical separation and purification is disclosed. A target consisting essentially of pressed zinc oxide is irradiated with a high energy, high current proton beam to produce a variety of spallogenic nuclides, including /sup 67/Cu and other copper isotopes. The irradiated target is dissolved in a concentrated acid solution to which a palladium salt is added. In accordance with the preferred method, the spallogenic copper is twice coprecipitated with palladium, once with metallic zinc as the precipitating agent and once with hydrogen sulfide as the precipitating agent. The palladium/copper precipitate is then dissolved in an acid solution and the copper is separated from the palladium by liquid chromatography on an anion exchange resin.
Neuronopathic Gaucher disease: dysregulated mRNAs and miRNAs in brain pathogenesis and effects of pharmacologic chaperone treatment in a mouse model (2015)

Defective lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (GCase) in Gaucher disease causes accumulation of glucosylceramide (GC) and glucosylsphingosine (GS) that distress cellular functions. To study novel pathological mechanisms in neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD), a mouse model (4L;C*), an analogue to subacute human nGD, was investigated for global profiles of differentially expressed brain mRNAs (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRs). 4L;C* mice displayed accumulation of GC and GS, activated microglial cells, reduced number of neurons and aberrant mitochondrial function in the brain followed by deterioration in motor function. DEGs and DEmiRs were characterized from sequencing of mRNA and miRNA from cerebral cortex, brain stem, midbrain and cerebellum of 4L;C* mice. Gene ontology enrichment and pathway analysis showed preferential mitochondrial dysfunction in midbrain and uniform inflammatory response and identified novel pathways, axonal guidance signaling, synaptic transmission, eIF2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling potentially involved in nGD. Similar analyses were performed with mice treated with isofagomine (IFG), a pharmacologic chaperone for GCase. IFG treatment did not alter the GS and GC accumulation significantly but attenuated the progression of the disease and altered numerous DEmiRs and target DEGs to their respective normal levels in inflammation, mitochondrial function and axonal guidance pathways, suggesting its regulation on miRNA and the associated mRNA that underlie the neurodegeneration in nGD. These analyses demonstrate that the neurodegenerative phenotype in 4L;C* mice was associated with dysregulation of brain mRNAs and miRNAs in axonal guidance, synaptic plasticity, mitochondria function, eIF2 and mTOR signaling and inflammation and provides new insights for the nGD pathological mechanism.
Strain compensated In1−xGaxAs(x&lt;0.47) quantum well photodiodes for extended wavelength operation (1998)

The use of highly strained (−2.0%) In0.83Ga0.17As quantum wells for the detection of light to a wavelength of λ∼2.0 μm is reported. Crystal quality for a 50 period multiple quantum well (MQW) detector grown on InP substrates is maintained through strain compensation using tensile strained In0.83Ga0.17P barriers. Transmission electron microscopy and double crystal x-ray diffraction reveal smooth interfaces and no observable defects for In0.83Ga0.17As layers with widths less than 80 Å. Single-pass quantum efficiencies of 30% have been achieved at λ=1.95 μm, using a 75 μm diam MQW, strain-compensated, top illuminated, low dark current (∼250 pA at 20 V) p-i-n detector. The theoretical cutoff wavelength limit for diodes fabricated using this technique is calculated to be λ=2.15 μm.
Performance characteristics of piezoelectric polymer flexure mode devices (1984)

Abstract The design theory for a variety of piezoelectric polymer flexure mode devices is presented. Resonance and deflection behavior are discussed as well as output characteristics. Among the types of devices described are the unimorph, the bimorph, and the multimorph. The effects of electrodes and bonding layers are included in the analysis. Nonuniform polarization in the piezoelectric layers alters device performance. Useful flexure mode devices can be constructed from nonuniformly polarized piezoelectric polymers. Methods of preparing bimorphs in a single sheet are described, including temperature-gradient and field-reversal poling. Experimental results on a variety of flexure mode devices are compared with the theory. Applications of these flexure mode devices are also surveyed.
The role of the 5'-end untranslated region of the mRNA for CspA, the major cold-shock protein of Escherichia coli, in cold-shock adaptation (1996)

During cellular adaptation to low temperature, Escherichia coli transiently synthesizes the major cold-shock protein CspA. It was found that adaptation to cold shock is blocked when the 143-base sequence of the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the cspA mRNA is overproduced. The overproduction of this UTR at 15 degrees C caused the synthesis of not only CspA but also other cold-shock proteins such as CspB and CsdA to be no longer transient but rather prolonged. In addition, inhibition of both the synthesis of cellular proteins other than cold-shock proteins and cell growth was observed. Interestingly, when CspA was also overproduced together with the 5' UTR, normal cold-shock adaptive response was resumed without a prolonged lag period of cell growth. This indicates that the 5' UTR of the cspA mRNA and its gene product CspA play a critical role in the regulation of the expression of cold-shock genes and cold-shock adaptation. An 11-base common sequence (cold box) was found in the 5' UTRs of cspA, cspB, and csdA mRNAs. Indeed, the 25-base sequence within the 5' UTR of the cspA mRNA containing the cold-box sequence was able to prolong CspA production at 15 degrees C. We propose that a putative repressor binds to the cold-box sequence of the cold-shock mRNAs during the adaptive process and this binding in turn blocks the transcription of the cold-shock genes or destabilizes their mRNAs. CspA appears to promote either directly or indirectly the repressor function.
Hepatitis C virus vaccine candidates inducing protective neutralizing antibodies (2016)

With more than 150 million chronically infected people, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a substantial global health burden. Direct-acting antivirals have dramatically improved viral cure. However, limited access to therapy, late stage detection of infection and re-infection following cure illustrate the need for a vaccine for global control of infection. Vaccines with induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been shown to protect successfully against infections by multiple viruses and are currently developed for HCV. Areas covered: Here we review the progress towards the development of vaccines aiming to confer protection against chronic HCV infection by inducing broadly nAbs. The understanding or viral immune evasion in infected patients, the development of novel model systems and the recent structural characterization of viral envelope glycoprotein E2 has markedly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of virus neutralization with the concomitant development of several vaccine candidates. Expert commentary: While HCV vaccine development remains challenged by the high viral diversity and immune evasion, marked progress in HCV research has advanced vaccine design. Several vaccine candidates have shown robust induction of nAbs in animal models and humans. Randomized clinical trials are the next step to assess their clinical efficacy for protection against chronic infection.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Permeability from NMR T2 Relaxation Time Distribution for Various Reservoir Rock Types (2022)

Abstract Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool used to measure the fundamental petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability, pore size distribution, saturation, and wettability. T2 relaxation time is the NMR industry-standard measurement because it is fast and provides valuable information. For single-phase, saturated core plugs, the T2 relaxation time distribution reflects the pore size distribution which can provide insights into the permeability and rock types. Here, several machine learning (ML) models were employed in NMR T2 relaxation data to predict permeability. Extensive laboratory measurements were performed to collect enough datasets to train machine learning models for different permeability and rock types. Several rock types such as sandstone (clean, and shaly), and carbonates (limestone, dolomite, and chalk) were used in this study, including outcrop and reservoir rocks. Furthermore, the core plugs cover a wide range of porosity and permeability to investigate their effect on the T2 relaxation time distribution for each rock type. The measurements were carried out utilizing a machine operating at Larmor frequency ∼ 2 MHz (i.e. same as the wireline logging tools). In addition to the T2 relaxation time measurements, gas porosity and permeability experiments were performed in all samples as conventional methods to validate the outputs. ML techniques include five different types of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) such as feed-forward backpropagation (FFNN), cascade-forward (CFNN), Elman (ELMNN), pattern recognition (PRNN), and distributed delay (DISTDNN) were applied. Several input parameters were selected to train ML models such as T2 logarithmic mean (T2LM), T2 peak (T2p), T2 components range (T2R), and T2 components range index (T2RI). The results showed that the Elman-type neural network with the Bayesian regularization back-propagation technique could predict the permeability as a function of the inputs, as mentioned above. The developed model also proved to work better than the previous neural network models used in literature, regression models, and empirical correlations such as SDR and Timur-Coates models. Correlation coefficient (CC) and Coefficient of determination (R2) were used to measure the accuracy of the model and to benchmark versus other models. The dataset which included 186 cores was divided into 80% for training and 20% for validation. Elman network model was used, and the developed model compared well with the permeability measured from the conventional methods. Specifically, the model predicted permeability with more than 0.91 CC and 0.88 R2. In this study, we built an automated and flexible machine learning code that predicts the permeability with high accuracy from T2 relaxation time measurements. The novel approach of this work emanates from that it can be used globally because it considers several T2 fundamental parameters used for the first time.
New type of permanent magnet beam line optics (2002)

A class of hybrid permanent magnet multipoles that use magnet retraction between ferromagnetic poles to achieve linear, independent field strength adjustments of 40% and micron level magnetic centerline adjustment are described. Scaling relationships, material choices, passive temperature stabilization, and design examples are discussed.
Experimental Validation of Frozen Modes Guided on Printed Coupled Transmission Lines (2012)

Previous work has theoretically demonstrated that nonreciprocal slow-wave modes, namely, “frozen modes,” can be supported on a pair of coupled transmission lines printed on a magnetic substrate. Small antennas have also been designed by exploiting these modes. However, to date, we have yet to demonstrate and observe their existence experimentally. To this end, we construct two printed prototypes comprised of several unit-cells and employ the “ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> -matrix method” to determine the dispersion properties by measuring the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameters of these finite periodic prototypes. The printed unit-cell is designed to exhibit a unique stationary inflection point in the dispersion diagram corresponding to a frozen mode with almost zero group velocity. Through careful measurements and calculations, the frozen mode is observed to propagate at a significantly slower speed (286 times slower) than the speed of light. Importantly, this extraction method can be applied to any other periodic layout to obtain related dispersion properties.
Factor VIII C2 Domain Contains the Thrombin-binding Site Responsible for Thrombin-catalyzed Cleavage at Arg1689 (2000)

Thrombin-catalyzed factor VIII activation is an essential positive feedback mechanism regulating intrinsic blood coagulation. A factor VIII human antibody, A-FF, with C2 epitope, exclusively inhibited factor VIII activation and cleavage at Arg(1689) by thrombin. The results suggested that A-FF prevented the interaction of thrombin with factor VIII and that the C2 domain was involved in the interaction with thrombin. We performed direct binding assays using anhydro-thrombin, a catalytically inactive derivative of thrombin in which the active-site serine is converted to dehydroalanine. Intact factor VIII, 80-kDa light chain, 72-kDa light chain, and heavy chain fragments bound dose-dependently to anhydro-thrombin, and the K(d) values were 48, 150, 106, and 180 nm, respectively. The C2 and A2 domains also dose-dependently bound to anhydro-thrombin, and the K(d) values were 440 and 488 nm, respectively. The A1 domain did not bind to anhydro-thrombin. A-FF completely inhibited C2 domain binding to anhydro-thrombin (IC(50), 18 nm), whereas it did not inhibit A2 domain binding. Furthermore, C2-specific affinity purified F(ab)'(2) of A-FF, and the recombinant C2 domain inhibited thrombin cleavage at Arg(1689). Our results indicate that the C2 domain contains the thrombin-binding site responsible for the cleavage at Arg(1689).
Rheology and Its Relation to Strain-Hardening Properties of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (2019)

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A high-efficiency photonic nanowire single-photon source featuring an inverted conical taper (2011)

A photonic nanowire single-photon source design incorporating an inverted conical tapering is proposed. The inverted taper allows for easy electrical contacting and a high photon extraction efficiency of 89 %. Unlike cavity-based approaches, the photonic nanowire features broadband spontaneous emission control and an improved tolerance towards fabrication imperfections.
Multimedia adaptation for the multimedia messaging service (2004)

This article provides an overview of the multimedia messaging service. It also addresses the interoperability challenges this new service brings as mobile terminal capabilities evolve at a very fast pace. It explains how server-side multimedia message adaptation technologies can provide smooth format and service evolution while ensuring interoperability.
Temperature stability of surface acoustic wave resonators on the in-plane rotated 33°Y-cut quartz (2003)

We present surface acoustic wave resonators on the in-plane rotated 33/spl deg/Y-cut quartz with improved temperature stability. We calculate the frequency temperature characteristics of Rayleigh waves using finite element method under the condition of Euler angle (0, 123, 39-44). We confirmed the accuracy of calculated temperature coefficients by experiments. We also measured the resonance characteristics of prototype SAW resonators.
Instrument Measures Airflow Friction Without Contact (1983)

Dual beam laser interferometer determines airflow friction against body by measuring time-varying thickness of wind sheared oil film. Measurements yield skin friction between film and airstream. Errors from prerun oil flow, tunnel starting transients, and initial surface waves therefore eliminated.
Healing of voids in the aluminum metallization of integrated circuit chips (1990)

A thermal treatment for healing voids in the aluminum metallization of integrated circuit (IC) chips has been discovered. The aluminum metallization is alloyed with nominally 1 wt.% of silicon. This discovery arose from efforts to cause further growth of preexisting voids in IC RAMs intended for long-term unattended spacecraft applications. The experimental effort was intended to cause further void propagation for the purpose of establishing a time/temperature propagation relationship, but it resulted instead in a healing of the voids. The thermal treatment consisted of heating IC chips with voids in the aluminum/silicon metallization to temperatures in excess of 200 degrees C, followed by quick immersion into liquid nitrogen. The thermal treatment is described, and a theory based on silicon solubility and migration in aluminum is advanced to explain both the formation and the healing of voids in the aluminum metallization of IC chips.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Model-Based Thermal History Control (2002)

Heat diffusion within a thermal printhead leads to interactions between printed image pixels over both long and short distances, and results in a sharpness degradation and a distortion of the tone-scale. The loss in image quality is severe, especially if the thermal printhead is efficient and is printing at high speed. We present a novel multi-resolution thermal history control algorithm that delivers a requested print density via a physical model of heat propagation and an empirical model of the media response. The algorithm comprises three recursions, two in scale and one in time. This multi-scale recursive formulation leads to a computationally efficient real-time implementation. Experimental results demonstrate: 1) significantly improved SQF, 2) accurate dynamic and steady-state tone-scale reproduction and 3) equalization of leading, trailing and lateral edge sharpness.
Techniques for Remote Sensing of Missile Position and Attitude (1975)

Abstract : This report presents a mathematical analysis of a three station laser tracker and a two station laser tracker concept for measuring the position and attitude of spinning rockets and missiles. An assessment is included of the errors of attitude measurements which result from the geometrical location of the rocket relative to the laser tracking stations. The two station system includes a concept developed by Ballistic Research Laboratories for the yawsonde attitude measurement system. Whereas the yawsonde utilizes the sun as the energy source, this system will utilize two laser trackers. Two arrays of roof reflectors which are skewed to the rocket axis will be employed on the rocket to reflect the laser beam. A mathematical analysis is presented for this system. The determination of the attitude angles requires the solution of two simultaneous differential equations. Since multiple solutions to these equations can be obtained, additional analysis of this system is warranted.
System-level performance analysis for designing on-chip communication architectures (2001)

This paper presents a novel system-level performance analysis technique to support the design of custom communication architectures for system-on-chip integrated circuits. Our technique fills a gap in existing techniques for system-level performance analysis, which are either too slow to use in an iterative communication architecture design framework (e.g., simulation of the complete system) or are not accurate enough to drive the design of the communication architecture (e.g., techniques that perform a "static" analysis of the system performance). Our technique is based on a hybrid trace-based performance-analysis methodology in which an initial cosimulation of the system is performed with the communication described in an abstract manner (e.g., as events or abstract data transfers). An abstract set of traces are extracted from the initial cosimulation containing necessary and sufficient information about the computations and communications of the system components. The system designer then specifies a communication architecture by: 1) selecting a topology consisting of dedicated as well as shared communication channels (shared buses) interconnected by bridges; 2) mapping the abstract communications to paths in the communication architecture; and 3) customizing the protocol used for each channel. The traces extracted in the initial step are represented as a communication analysis graph (CAG) and an analysis of the CAG provides an estimate of the system performance as well as various statistics about the components and their communication. Experimental results indicate that our performance-analysis technique achieves accuracy comparable to complete system simulation (an average error of 1.88%) while being over two orders of magnitude faster.