gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media (2003)

Antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) magnetic media is the current approach to extend the areal density of longitudinal recording media. The authors highlight recent measurements that characterize the write process and thermal stability of AFC media. In particular, they focus on determining the coupling and stability parameters of the individual layers and their contribution to the time scale of the write process.
Gabor domain optical coherence microscopy (2009)

In this paper, we present a developing technology targeted at clinical imaging, Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM), which combines the high resolution imaging of optical coherence microscopy (OCM), high imaging speed of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), and invariant lateral resolution of our custom designed dynamic focusing objective. A high lateral resolution optical design of a dynamic-focusing optical probe with no moving parts, which provides an invariant resolution of currently < 3 μm across a 2mm full-field of view and 2mm imaging depth, is presented. Furthermore, an acquisition scheme (using the probe) that is capable of performing automatic real time data fusion to render an in-focus high resolution image throughout the depth of sample in real time was implemented. 3D imaging of an African frog tadpole is demonstrated at cellular level resolution.
Crystallography and microstructure of Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting oxides (1988)

We report on the crystallography and microstructure of six oxides in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system with nominal compositions Tl1Ba2Cu1O5, Tl1Ca1Ba2Cu2O7, Tl1Ca2Ba2Cu3O9, Tl2Ba2Cu1O6, Tl2Ca1Ba2Cu2O8, and Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10. The structures consist of one, two, or three Cu perovskite-like units sandwiched between Tl-O monolayers or bilayers. The predominant defects in the crystals with bilayer and trilayer Cu perovskite-like units are stacking faults that produce local intergrowths of related structures. The density of stacking defects in these oxides correlates with changes in the superconducting transition temperatures.
Discrimination of Supraventricular Tachycardia from Sinus Tachycardia of Overlapping Cycle Length (1984)

For more than 15 years, pulse generators (PG) have been implanted for the control of tachyarrhythmias. Manually activated systems have not achieved wide acceptance, mainly because of the need for direct patient participation. Automatic antitachycardia PGs have been limited by lack of flexibility of programmable parameters and the inability to discriminate pace-terminable tachycardias from sinus tachycardia. New algorithms for differentiating these tachycardias are becoming available. In addition to high rate detection criteria, there are three additional criteria that might characterize the tachycardias: (1) sudden onset, (2) rate stability, (3) sustained high rate. Future antitachycardia pacing systems will be able to employ even more elaborate algorithms when more sophisticated microprocessor capabilities and new sensors become available.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo(1,2‐b)cinnolines. (1989)

Abstract The N‐pyrrolyl carbamates (I) cyclize in an alkaline medium to give the pyrrolocinnolines (II).
High-Resolution TOA Estimation with Multi-Band OFDM UWB Signals (2008)

In this paper, we propose a simple model-based time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation technique for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) signals based on the ECMA-368 standard [1]. The proposed technique does not need oversampling at the receiver. The key idea is to minimize the energy leakage from the first channel path due to mis-sampling. We use realistic channel models and assume that no channel statistical information is known at the receiver. In our approach, the multi-band signals are coherently combined in order to improve the resolution of the TOA estimation. We compare the performance of the proposed scheme with the well-known maximum-likelihood based algorithm, namely, space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE). Simulations based on the ECMA-368 standard parameters in both IEEE 802.15.3a and IEEE 802.15.4a standard channel models show that our approach outperforms the SAGE algorithm by avoiding the local maxima. Furthermore, we have also shown that our approach can achieve a root mean square error of TOA estimation much smaller than the receiver sampling interval and it is robust to the narrowband interference.
<title>Quantifying psoralen in tissues by fluorescence: dosimetry for psoralen administration followed by ultraviolet A irradiation (PUVA) to block restenosis</title> (1994)

PUVA therapy may prove effective in preventing restenosis of vessels following balloon angioplasty to open vessels narrowed by atherosclerosis. The technique relies on the ability of PUVA (psoralen administration followed by ultraviolet A irradiation) to cause crosslinks and monoadducts that prevent cellular proliferation without causing cell death. Such PUVA treatment has been successful in controlling cutaneous cell proliferation of psoriasis. The efficacy of PUVA treatment depends on the drug concentration and the light dose. The amount of light delivered is easily modified to adapt to variations in the drug concentration if the drug levels in the vessel wall are known. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of assaying psoralen levels in tissues and in serum samples using psoralen fluorescence as an indictor.
CORDS (2004)

The rich dependency structure found in the columns of real-world relational databases can be exploited to great advantage, but can also cause query optimizers---which usually assume that columns are statistically independent---to underestimate the selectivities of conjunctive predicates by orders of magnitude. We introduce CORDS, an efficient and scalable tool for automatic discovery of correlations and soft functional dependencies between columns. CORDS searches for column pairs that might have interesting and useful dependency relations by systematically enumerating candidate pairs and simultaneously pruning unpromising candidates using a flexible set of heuristics. A robust chi-squared analysis is applied to a sample of column values in order to identify correlations, and the number of distinct values in the sampled columns is analyzed to detect soft functional dependencies. CORDS can be used as a data mining tool, producing dependency graphs that are of intrinsic interest. We focus primarily on the use of CORDS in query optimization. Specifically, CORDS recommends groups of columns on which to maintain certain simple joint statistics. These "column-group" statistics are then used by the optimizer to avoid naive selectivity estimates based on inappropriate independence assumptions. This approach, because of its simplicity and judicious use of sampling, is relatively easy to implement in existing commercial systems, has very low overhead, and scales well to the large numbers of columns and large table sizes found in real-world databases. Experiments with a prototype implementation show that the use of CORDS in query optimization can speed up query execution times by an order of magnitude. CORDS can be used in tandem with query feedback systems such as the LEO learning optimizer, leveraging the infrastructure of such systems to correct bad selectivity estimates and ameliorating the poor performance of feedback systems during slow learning phases.
Performance and Testing of Novel Quantum Well Thermoelectric Devices (2010)

New nano-structured thermoelectric (TE) materials have been developed and fabricated that have much higher conversion efficiencies than the state-of-the-art (SOTA) bulk thermoelectrics. In these new quantum well (QW) materials, the carrier and barrier materials (in this case SiGe and Si) are confined in alternating layers less than 10 nm thick, and this confinement has been shown to result in greatly improved TE properties (Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity) leading to higher TE Figure of Merit, ZT, conversion efficiencies and Coefficient of Performance (COP) for cooling applications than for SOTA thermoelectrics. From the most recent QW test data, ZTs greater than 3 at room temperature have been obtained which constitutes a significant improvement over the SOTA bulk thermoelectrics which have ZTs less than 1. QW materials have the best measured TE power factor (Seebeck coefficient squared divided by electrical resistivity) and, combined with low thermal conductivity substrates, should provide very high efficiency TE modules. The QW TE materials with ZTs greater than 3 lead to conversion efficiencies greater than 20 percent, which allows for much wider commercial applications, particularly in the applications such as the waste-heat recovery from truck engines, refrigeration, and air conditioning, where the SOTA bulk TE modules were shown to be technically feasible but economically unjustified due to low conversion efficiencies. With higher efficiency QW materials, these applications become economically attractive. The above mentioned QW TE ZTs include the effect of the substrate which degrades the overall performance, and a new test technique was developed that eliminates the effect of the substrate and for just the QW films, ZTs greater than 6 have been measured. This illustrated the importance of using a low thermal conductivity substrate in order to achieve good TE performance. In a recent QW test, a conversion efficiency corresponding to 62 percent of the Carnot efficiency was measured and this is believed to be the highest such value ever measured for a TE material. For power generation applications, QW TE generators can be designed for capacities ranging from milliwatts to kilowatts and for cooling applications with capacities ranging from watts to several tons of refrigeration. The paper discusses the effects of the thermal and electrical contact resistances and of substrate thermal conductivity on the TE performance, the status of the prototype QW TE generators and coolers being designed and fabricated, and the latest test results.
Chitinases of the Avian Malaria Parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum, a Class of Enzymes Necessary for Parasite Invasion of the Mosquito Midgut (2000)

The Plasmodium ookinete produces chitinolytic activity that allows the parasite to penetrate the chitin-containing peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal in the mosquito midgut. Since the peritrophic matrix is a physical barrier that the parasite must cross to invade the mosquito, and the presence of allosamidin, a chitinase inhibitor, in a blood meal prevents the parasite from invading the midgut epithelium, chitinases (3.2.1.14) are potential targets of malaria parasite transmission-blocking interventions. We have purified a chitinase of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum and cloned the gene, PgCHT1, encoding it. PgCHT1 encodes catalytic and substrate-binding sites characteristic of family 18 glycohydrolases. Expressed in Escherichia coli strain AD494 (DE3), recombinant PgCHT1 was found to hydrolyze polymeric chitin, native chitin oligosaccharides, and 4-methylumbelliferone derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides. Allosamidin inhibited recombinant PgCHT1 with an IC(50) of 7 microM and differentially inhibited two chromatographically separable P. gallinaceum ookinete-produced chitinase activities with IC(50) values of 7 and 12 microM, respectively. These two chitinase activities also had different pH activity profiles. These data suggest that the P. gallinaceum ookinete uses products of more than one chitinase gene to initiate mosquito midgut invasion.
The efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.3% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: A randomized, multicenter, investigator-blinded, controlled comparison study versus adapalene gel 0.1% and vehicle. (2005)

A randomized, multicenter, investigator-blinded, active- and vehicle-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.3% versus adapalene gel 0.1% and the corresponding gel vehicle. Subjects were assigned randomly to receive either adapalene gel 0.3%, adapalene gel 0.1%, or vehicle once daily for 12 weeks. A total of 214 subjects with moderate to moderately severe acne vulgaris were enrolled, and 85% of subjects completed the study. Adapalene gel 0.3% was significantly superior to adapalene gel 0.1% in total and noninflammatory lesion counts and in global severity score (P < .05 for all). A concentration-dependent increase in clinical benefit for all efficacy assessments was observed. As expected, there were also statistically significant differences in all efficacy parameters in the adapalene gel 0.3% group relative to the vehicle group (P < .001 for all). Treatment-related adverse events were mostly mild-to-moderate and similar between active groups. The results of this study show that adapalene gel 0.3% was superior to adapalene gel 0.1% and vehicle in the treatment of moderate to moderately severe acne while retaining a similar safety and tolerability profile to adapalene 0.1% gel.
Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Bulk‐Type All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Battery Utilizing Nanosized Garnet Solid Electrolytes (2023)

Garnet-type Li<sub>7</sub> La<sub>3</sub> Zr<sub>2</sub> O<sub>12</sub> (LLZ) materials are attracting attention as solid electrolytes (SEs) in oxide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) owing to their high ionic conductivity. Although the electrochemical stability of LLZ against Li metal is demonstrated with possible high energy density, high-temperature sintering above 1000 °C, which is required to achieve high Li-ion conductivity, results in the formation of insulating impurities at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. Here, nanosized fine-particle samples of Ta-substituted Li<sub>6.5</sub> La<sub>3</sub> Zr<sub>1.5</sub> Ta<sub>0.5</sub> O<sub>12</sub> (LLZT) are successfully prepared at a remarkably low temperature of 400 °C utilizing an amorphous precursor oxide. The dense LLZT SE sintered by hot pressing at 500 °C shows room-temperature Li-ion conductivity of 1.03 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> without any additives. In addition, the bulk-type NCM-graphite full battery cell fabricated with the LLZT fine particles through a hot-pressing sintering method at 550 °C exhibits a good charge-discharge performance at room temperature with the bulk-type areal discharge capacity of 0.831 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> . The nanosized garnet SE strategy demonstrated in this study paves the way for the formation of oxide-based ASSBs by low-temperature sintering.
Prolonged survival and delayed progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in LSL-KrasG12D/+;Pdx-1-Cre mice by vitamin E  -tocotrienol (2013)

The highly lethal nature of pancreatic cancer and the increasing recognition of high-risk individuals have made research into chemoprevention a high priority. Here, we tested the chemopreventive activity of δ-tocotrienol, a bioactive vitamin E derivative extracted from palm fruit, in the LSL-Kras(G12D/+);Pdx-1-Cre pancreatic cancer mouse model. At 10 weeks of age, mice (n = 92) were randomly allocated to three groups: (i) no treatment; (ii) vehicle and (iii) δ-tocotrienol (200mg/kg × 2/day, PO). Treatment was continued for 12 months. Mice treated with δ-tocotrienol showed increased median survival from the onset of treatment (11.1 months) compared with vehicle-treated mice (9.7 months) and non-treated mice (8.5 months; P < 0.025). Importantly, none of the mice treated with δ-tocotrienol harbored invasive cancer compared with 10% and 8% in vehicle-treated and non-treated mice, respectively. Furthermore, δ-tocotrienol treatment also resulted in significant suppression of mouse pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (mPanIN) progression compared with vehicle-treated and non-treated mice: mPanIN-1: 47-50% (P < 0.09), mPanIN-2: 6-11% (P < 0.001), mPanIN-3: 3-15% (P < 0.001) and invasive cancer: 0-10% (P < 0.001). δ-Tocotrienol treatment inhibited mutant Kras-driven pathways such as MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT and NF-kB/p65, as well as Bcl-xL and induced p27. δ-Tocotrienol also induced biomarkers of apoptosis such as Bax and activated caspase 3 along with an increase in plasma levels of CK18. In summary, δ-tocotrienol's ability to interfere with oncogenic Kras pathways coupled with the observed increase in median survival and significant delay in PanIN progression highlights the chemopreventative potential of δ-tocotrienol and warrants further investigation of this micronutrient in individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer.
Differentiation between Celiac Disease, Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity, and Their Overlapping with Crohn’s Disease: A Case Series (2013)

Celiac disease (CD) and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are two distinct conditions triggered by the ingestion of gliadin. Although symptoms of nonceliac gluten sensitivity may resemble those of celiac disease, due to the lack of objective diagnostic tests, NCGS is associated with overlapping symptomatologies of autoimmunities and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, a gluten-free diet is only recommended for those who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of CD. Unfortunately, that leaves many nonceliac gluten-sensitive people suffering unnecessarily from very serious symptoms that put them at risk for complications of autoimmune disorders that might be resolved with a gluten-free diet. Thus, a new paradigm is needed for aid in diagnosing and distinguishing among various gut-related diseases, including CD, NCGS (also known as silent celiac disease), and gut-related autoimmunities. Herein, we report three different cases: the first, an elderly patient with celiac disease which was diagnosed based on signs and symptoms of malabsorption and by a proper lab test; second, a case of NCGS which was initially misdiagnosed as lupus but was detected as NCGS by a proper lab test with its associated autoimmunities, including gluten ataxia and neuromyelitis optica; third, a patient with NCGS overlapping with Crohn's disease. The symptomatologies of all three patients improved significantly after 12 months of gluten-free diet plus other modalities.
Synthesis, resolution and radioiodination of <i>S</i>(−)<i>trans</i>‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐[N‐n‐propyl‐N‐(3′‐iodo‐2′‐propenyl)amino]tetralin‐<i>S</i>(−)<i>trans</i>‐5‐OH‐PIPAT: A new dopamine D2‐like receptor ligand (1995)

Abstract A new dopamine D2‐like receptor ligand, ( R,S ) trans ‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐[N‐n‐propyl‐N‐(3′‐iodo‐2′‐propenyl)amino]tetralin (( R,S)trans ‐5‐OH‐PIPAT, 3 ), based on high affinity dopamine receptor agonist 5‐hydroxy‐2‐[N,N‐(di‐n‐propyl)‐2‐amino]tetralin (5‐OH‐DPAT, 1 ). was prepared. The synthesis was achieved by a reductive amination of 5‐methoxy‐2‐tetralone with n‐propylamine, followed by N‐alkylation, to afford 5‐methoxy‐N‐propyl‐N‐2′‐propynyl‐2‐aminotetralin, 7 . Reduction of 7 with tributyltin hydride gave the tri‐n‐butyl tin derivative, 8 , which was converted to 9 by an iododemetalation reaction. Demethylation of 9 gave the desired compound, ( R,S ) trans ‐5‐OH‐PIPAT, 3 . The resolved ( R ) and ( S ) trans ‐5‐OH‐PIPAT, 3 were also quantitatively prepared. In vitro binding studies showed the stereoselectivity of this new compound for binding to dopamine D2‐like receptors. S (‐)‐ 3 displayed high binding affinity, with inhibition constants (K i ) of 0.38, 0.09 and 0.67 nM for dopamine D2H (expressed in HEK293 cells), D3 (expressed in Sf9 cells) and D4H receptors (expressed in CHO cells), respectively. Using the same binding assays, the less active R (+) isomer displayed K i values of 7.29, 4.87 and 16.44 nM for D2H, D3 and D4H receptors, respectively. In addition, radiolabeling was successfully performed, either with the racemic tin derivative, ( R,S )‐ 11 , or using the optically resolved tin derivatives R (+)‐or S (‐)‐1 11 , to give the final radiolabeled product, [125I] R (+) or S (‐)‐ 3 .
ROTATING TOOL POINT FREQUENCY RESPONSE PREDICTION USING RCSA (2007)

This article describes the prediction of rotating tool point frequency response functions using receptance coupling substructure analysis (RCSA). In this approach, the at-speed spindle-machine dynamics are identified by impact tests of a rotating cylindrical standard artifact. After removing the portion of the artifact beyond the holder flange in simulation, models of arbitrary tool-holder combinations are coupled to the spindle response to predict the speed-dependent tool point frequency response. Given this information, process dynamics predictions for spindles that exhibit dynamic changes with rotating speed are made possible without detailed knowledge of the spindle geometry, assembly tolerances, etc. Experimental results and comparisons with prediction are provided.
Supplementation with Abscisic Acid Reduces Malaria Disease Severity and Parasite Transmission (2016)

Nearly half of the world's population is at risk for malaria. Increasing drug resistance has intensified the need for novel therapeutics, including treatments with intrinsic transmission-blocking properties. In this study, we demonstrate that the isoprenoid abscisic acid (ABA) modulates signaling in the mammalian host to reduce parasitemia and the formation of transmissible gametocytes and in the mosquito host to reduce parasite infection. Oral ABA supplementation in a mouse model of malaria was well tolerated and led to reduced pathology and enhanced gene expression in the liver and spleen consistent with infection recovery. Oral ABA supplementation also increased mouse plasma ABA to levels that can signal in the mosquito midgut upon blood ingestion. Accordingly, we showed that supplementation of a Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood meal with ABA increased expression of mosquito nitric oxide synthase and reduced infection prevalence in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Identification of the mechanisms whereby ABA reduces parasite growth in mammals and mosquitoes could shed light on the balance of immunity and metabolism across eukaryotes and provide a strong foundation for clinical translation.
High-Resolution Microcoil <sup>1</sup> H-NMR for Mass-Limited, Nanoliter-Volume Samples (1995)

High-resolution, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of 5-nanoliter samples have been obtained with much higher mass sensitivity [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) per micromole] than with traditional methods. Arginine and sucrose show a mean sensitivity enhancement of 130 compared to 278-microliter samples run in a 5-millimeter tube in a conventional, commercial probe. This can reduce data acquisition time by a factor of >16,000 or reduce the needed sample mass by a factor of about 130. A linewidth of 0.6 hertz was achieved on a 300-megahertz spectrometer by matching the magnetic susceptibility of the medium that surrounds the detection cell to that of the copper coil. For sucrose, the limit of detection (defined at S/N = 3) was 19 nanograms (56 picomoles) for a 1-minute data acquisition. This technique should prove useful with mass-limited samples and for use as a detector in capillary separations.