gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care test for cervical cancer in LMICs (2016)

Cervical cancer screening using Papanicolaou's smear test has been highly effective in reducing death from this disease. However, this test is unaffordable in low- and middle-income countries, and its complexity has limited wide-scale uptake. Alternative tests, such as visual inspection with acetic acid or Lugol's iodine and human papillomavirus DNA, are sub-optimal in terms of specificity and sensitivity, thus sensitive and affordable tests with high specificity for on-site reporting are needed. Using proteomics and bioinformatics, we have identified valosin-containing protein (VCP) as differentially expressed between normal specimens and those with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (CIN2/CIN3+) or worse. VCP-specific immunohistochemical staining (validated by a point-of-care technology) provided sensitive (93%) and specific (88%) identification of CIN2/CIN3+ and may serve as a critical biomarker for cervical-cancer screening. Future efforts will focus on further refinements to enhance analytic sensitivity and specificity of our proposed test, as well as on prototype development.
Advances in Patents Related to Intrapocket Technology for the Management of Periodontitis (2015)

Increased prevalence of oral diseases such as gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries has become major health issue worldwide. Such growing incidence of periodontitis has directly affected the development of drug delivery systems and growth of the market. Since the infections are limited to periodontal pockets or oral cavity, localized intrapocket drug delivery will be more beneficial than conventional systemic administration. Advances in intrapocket technology and innovations in the field of periodontal drug delivery led to increased patent applications. Newer trends like use of mucoadhesive polymers, in situ forming gels, viscosity modifiers, plasticizers etc which can enhance intrapocket retention of drugs have gained considerable attention among researchers and industrialists. Current market is flooded with products such as Periostat, Periochip(®), Atridox(®), Arestin(®), Actisite(®), Dentomycin(®), and Elyzol(®) and generics such as metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, doxycyline and minocycline for intrapocket delivery. There is a need of novel drugs and delivery systems with better efficacy profiles than the existing compounds. Inclusion of novel technologies like films, fibers, in situ forming implants, microparticles, nanoparticles, and liposomes as intrapocket drug delivery has great potential. Development of antibiotic free drug delivery such as antiseptics, host modulators, biofilms inhibitors and antibodies has promising role in the improvement of pathogenesis of periodontitis. Further, this review deals with various innovations in drug delivery and patents related to localized intrapocket administration of medicaments in the implications of periodontitis.
NVMeDirect: a user-space I/O framework for application-specific optimization on NVMe SSDs (2016)

The performance of storage devices has been increased significantly due to emerging technologies such as Solid State Drives (SSDs) and Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) interface. However, the complex I/O stack of the kernel impedes utilizing the full performance of NVMe SSDs. The application-specific optimization is also difficult on the kernel because the kernel should provide generality and fairness.

In this paper, we propose a user-level I/O framework which improves the performance by allowing user applications to access commercial NVMe SSDs directly without any hardware modification. Moreover, the proposed framework provides flexibility where user applications can select their own I/O policies including I/O completion method, caching, and I/O scheduling. Our evaluation results show that the proposed framework outperforms the kernel-based I/O by up to 30% on microbenchmarks and by up to 15% on Redis.
Synthetic fermentation of β-peptide macrocycles by thiadiazole-forming ring-closing reactions (2018)

Macrocyclic β-peptides were efficiently prepared using a thiadiazole-forming cyclization reaction between an α-ketoacid and a thiohydrazide. The linear β-peptide precursors were assembled from isoxazolidine monomers by α-ketoacid-hydroxylamine (KAHA) ligations with a bifunctional initiator - a process we have termed 'synthetic fermentation' due to the analogy of producing natural product-like molecules from simpler building blocks. The linear synthetic fermentation products underwent Boc-deprotection/thiadiazole-forming macrocyclization under aqueous, acidic conditions to provide the cyclic products in a one-pot process. This reaction sequence proceeds from easily accessed initiator and monomer building blocks without the need for additional catalysts or reagents, enabling facile production of macrocyclic β-peptides, a relatively underexplored structural class.
Adsorption of Uranium on a Novel Bioadsorbent-Chitosan-Coated Perlite (2007)

Chitosan was coated on an inert substrate, perlite, and was prepared as spherical beads for adsorption of uranium from aqueous solutions. The uptake capacity of chitosan-coated perlite beads for uranium varied from 98.9 to 149 000 μg/g when the equilibrium concentration of uranium in the solution ranged from 11 ppb (11 μg/l) to 1000 ppm (10 × 106 μg/l) and the solution pH was 5. The adsorption capacity of chitosan-coated perlite beads for uranium decreased by 75% in the presence of 0.45 M NaCl, whereas the adsorption capacity decreased by 55% when TiO2 was added to the beads during their preparation. The adsorption capacity of TiO2-containing chitosan beads for uranium was found to be in the range of 2.5 to 40 μg of uranium per gram of beads when the concentration of uranium was 39 to 734 μg/l in the presence of 0.45 M NaCl. It was in the range of 18 to 302 μg of uranium per gram of beads when the concentration was 990 to 47 000 μg/l in the presence of 0.45 M Na2CO3. Chitosan-coated beads were found to preferentially adsorb uranium, Cd, and Cr from a mixture containing these ions along with Sr and Cs. Only a negligible amount of Sr and Cs was adsorbed by chitosan-coated beads. The data suggest that the chitosan-coated beads can be used for both extraction of uranium from waste streams and also from a highly acidic medium such as a reprocessing stream that uses nitric acid.
Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in an elderly population. (1992)

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare scores on the Balance Scale with laboratory measures of postural sway and other clinical measures of balance and mobility. Thirty-one elderly subjects were assessed on the clinical measures and the laboratory tests of postural sway while standing still and in response to pseudorandom movements of the platform. The average correlation between the Balance Scale and the spontaneous sway measures was -.55. It was slightly lower (r = -.38) for the same parameters measured during the pseudorandom tests. There were high correlations between the Balance Scale and the Balance Sub-Scale developed by Tinetti (r = .91), Barthel Mobility sub-scale (r = .67), and timed "Up and Go" (r = -.76). The Balance Scale was the most efficient measure (effect size > 1) to statistically discriminate between subjects according to their use of each type of mobility aide (walker, cane, no aids). These data contribute to existing information on the performance of the Balance Scale and supports the validity of the Balance Scale in this geriatric population.
Three RoboCup Simulation League Commentator Systems (2000)

� Three systems that generate real-time natural language commentary on the RoboCup simulation league are presented, and their similarities, differences, and directions for the future discussed. Although they emphasize different aspects of the commentary problem, all three systems take simulator data as input and generate appropriate, expressive, spoken commentary in real time.
<title>Laser-engineered rippling interfaces for developing microtextures, adherent coatings, and surface coupling</title> (1999)

It has been reported that surface roughening is an effective approach to developing microtextures for high performance magnetic media, increased adherence of coatings on large thermal expansion coefficient mismatched substrates as well as enhanced surface coupling for photodetectors. An important prerequisite is that the controllable and reproducible pattern ought to be produced while minimum adverse effects result on materials. In this study, a novel interface ripple pattern is generated on the surface of the single crystal silicon coated with a thin silicon dioxide layer using a KrF excimer laser at different laser parameters. Experimental result show that the ripple period cannot be predicted by the Rayleigh's diffraction condition as conventional laser induced periodic surface structures on solids. The ripple pattern is firstly seeded at the interface and the tin film capping laser will yield ripple structures following the interface rippling. The amount of absorbed KrF laser energy by the SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si interface is identified to have little dependence on film thickness. Within a certain range of laser parameters, ripple pattern grown with laser fluence or number of pulse linearly rather than exponentially. Of particular interest is that ripple period has been found to have a linear dependence on the film thickness at given laser parameters. This controllable ripple pattern provides a sound solution to the cases that require low laser fluence to prevent materials from damage or demand interface roughening which cannot be achieved by conventional techniques. The uniformity of ripple structures can be controlled by properly adjusting the laser parameters between melting and ablation thresholds and the single crystallinity of the Si substrate remains unchanged under laser irradiation at the fluence up to 1.3 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Effect of false alarm rate on pilot use and trust of automation under conditions of simulated high risk (1998)

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the relationships between automation false alarm rate, human trust in automation, and human use of automation, specifically under conditions of simulated high risk. The experiment involved military pilots flying combat and non-combat missions while employing a missile warning sensor with two levels of automation. The experiment was performed in a high fidelity F-16 simulator with U.S. Air Force F-16 pilots as test subjects. Three sensor false alarm rates were tested. The results showed that the level of missile warning sensor automation preferred by the pilots was strongly dependent on the false alarm rate of the automation. The data demonstrated that as false alarm rate increased, pilot trust of the missile warning sensor decreased, resulting in the pilot preferring a lower level of automation. However, the results also showed that even when pilots expressed little trust in the system, they preferred to use some level of automation rather than turn the system off. This result was attributed to the cost/benefit tradeoff of using the automation, as well as the extreme difficulty and hazard associated with the task. Analysis of the pilot mean reaction time in response to a missile warning sensor alert showed that reaction time increased as the false alarm rate increased, although this effect appeared to be less significant the higher the false alarm rate. Missile hit data indicated that as false alarm rate increased, the number of missiles that hit the pilot’s aircraft also increased, demonstrating a degradation in pilot survivability. Missile hit results also indicated that using a higher level of automation improved pilot survivability for the scenarios tested.
SSL and TLS: Designing and Building Secure Systems (2000)

"This book not only describes how SSL/TLS is supposed to behave but also uses the author's free ssldump diagnostic tool to show the protocols in action. The author covers each protocol feature, first explaining how it works and then illustrating it in a life implementation. This presentation bridges the difficult gap between specification and implementation that is a common source of confusion and incompatibility."--BOOK JACKET.
Fluorescent Reporter DS6A Mycobacteriophages Reveal Unique Variations in Infectibility and Phage Production in Mycobacteria (2016)

The coevolution of bacteria and their infecting phages involves a constant arms race for bacteria to prevent phage infection and phage to overcome these preventions. Although a diverse array of phage defense systems is well characterized in bacteria, very few phage restriction systems are known in mycobacteria. The DS6A mycobacteriophage is unique in the mycobacterial world in that it forms plaques only on members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. However, the novel DS6A reporter phages developed in this work demonstrate that DS6A can infect nontuberculous mycobacteria at various efficiencies. By comparing the abilities of DS6A and another phage, TM4, to infect and form plaques on various mycobacterial species, we can begin to discern new phage restriction systems employed within the genus.
[Preliminary study of the ultrasonic measurement of thickness of skin in children]. (2007)

It is reliable to measure the skin thickness by 13MHz ultrasound as a non-invasive method. The main factor which determined the thickness of the skin is dermal thickness, especially in males. The significant differences of skin thickness among cheek, back and buttock provide the basis for us to choose the appropriate thickness of skin grafts harvested from different body parts.
Physical Mapping of Temperature-sensitive Mutations of Adenoviruses (1974)

Mutants of DNA tumor viruses provide useful materials for analyzing the organization of viral genes and their expression in both the lytic and the transforming cycle. Ideally one would like to arrange for a selection or assay system to obtain mutations in specific regions of the genome; in fact, in some cases it has been possible to take advantage of the biological or physical properties of a virus to isolate specific classes of mutants. Examples of such mutants include the transformed cell-dependent mutants of polyoma (Benjamin 1970), host-range mutants of the adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid Ad2+ND1 (Grodzicker et al. 1974), and mutants of SV40 whose genomes are not cleaved by restricting endonuclease HpaII (Mertz et al. this volume). In most cases, however, such specific selection systems do not exist, and it is here that the use of conditional lethal mutants, specifically temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants, have been of...
AN OBJECT ORIENTED APPROACH TO ENSURE PORTABILITY OF CAD STANDARD PARTS LIBRARIES (1990)

The integration, in CAD systems, of libraries of standard parts is often considered to be one of the key factors for increasing productivity of Computer Aided Design [1] [2] [3]. These libraries must be able to integrate homogeneously both the standard components external to the firm (standardized items and suppliers' standards) and internal firm-specific standards.
Neanderthal Cannibalism at Moula-Guercy, Ardeche, France (1999)

The cave site of Moula-Guercy, 80 meters above the modern Rhone River, was occupied by Neanderthals approximately 100,000 years ago. Excavations since 1991 have yielded rich paleontological, paleobotanical, and archaeological assemblages, including parts of six Neanderthals. The Neanderthals are contemporary with stone tools and faunal remains in the same tightly controlled stratigraphic and spatial contexts. The inference of Neanderthal cannibalism at Moula-Guercy is based on comparative analysis of hominid and ungulate bone spatial distributions, modifications by stone tools, and skeletal part representations.
Stem cell migration - Methods and protocols (2012)

The trafficking of stem cells is something unconsciously clear to any biologists (e.g., developmental biologists) and physicians (e.g., all those taking care of hematopoietic and bone diseases and traumas); neverthless it is a phenomenon coming out as a hot topic just in these last years. Likely, the difficulties to track stem cells migration <em>in vivo</em> and the understanding of the elusive homing signals matching the circulating stem cells properties that makes these cells to stop and to start multiplication and differentiation....
SQL DOM: compile time checking of dynamic SQL statements (2005)

Most object oriented applications that involve persistent data interact with a relational database. The most common interaction mechanism is a call level interface (CLI) such as ODBC or JDBC. While there are many advantages to using a CLI - expressive power and performance being two of the most key - there are also drawbacks. Applications communicate through a CLI by constructing strings that contain SQL statements. These SQL statements are only checked for correctness at runtime, tend to be fragile and are vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. To solve these and other problems, we present the SQL DOM: a set of classes that are strongly-typed to a database schema. Instead of string manipulation, these classes are used to generate SQL statements. We show how to extract the SQL DOM automatically from an existing database schema, demonstrate its applicability to solve the mentioned problems, and evaluate its performance.
Device for co-culture of sympathetic neurons and cardiomyocytes using microfabrication (2011)

Rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and ventricular myocytes (VMs) were co-cultured separately in a minichamber placed on a microelectrode-array (MEA) substrate. The minichamber, fabricated photolithographically using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), had 2 compartments, 16 microcompartments and 8 microconduits. The SCG neurons were seeded into one of the compartments and all of the microcompartments using a glass pipette controlled by a micromanipulator and a microinjector. The VMs were seeded into the other compartment. Three days after seeding of the VMs, the SCG neurons were still confined to one compartment and all of the microcompartments, and the neurites of the SCG neurons had connected with the VMs via the microconduits. Constant-voltage stimulation, using a train of biphasic square pulses (1 ms at +1 V, followed by -1 ms at 1 V), was applied to the SCG neurons in the microcompartments using 16 electrodes. Evoked responses were observed in several electrodes while electrical stimulation was applied to the SCG neurons. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the frequency of the stimulation pulses had significant effects in increasing the beat rate of the VMs, and that the interaction between the frequency and the number of the pulses also had a significant effect on the ratio. No significant increases in the beat rate were observed when propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, was added to the culture medium. These results suggest that synaptic pathways were formed between the SCG neurons and the VMs, and that this co-culture device can be utilized for studies of network-level interactions between sympathetic neurons and cardiomyocytes.
Metabolic Plasticity as a Determinant of Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2016)

Cancer cells must adapt their metabolism to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands that accompany rapid growth of the primary tumor and colonization of distinct metastatic sites. Different stages of the metastatic cascade can also present distinct metabolic challenges to disseminating cancer cells. However, little is known regarding how changes in cellular metabolism, both within the cancer cell and the metastatic microenvironment, alter the ability of tumor cells to colonize and grow in distinct secondary sites. This review examines the concept of metabolic heterogeneity within the primary tumor, and how cancer cells are metabolically coupled with other cancer cells that comprise the tumor and cells within the tumor stroma. We examine how metabolic strategies, which are engaged by cancer cells in the primary site, change during the metastatic process. Finally, we discuss the metabolic adaptations that occur as cancer cells colonize foreign metastatic microenvironments and how cancer cells influence the metabolism of stromal cells at sites of metastasis. Through a discussion of these topics, it is clear that plasticity in tumor metabolic programs, which allows cancer cells to adapt and grow in hostile microenvironments, is emerging as an important variable that may change clinical approaches to managing metastatic disease. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5201-8. ©2016 AACR.
A Comprehensive Method to Measure 3-Dimensional Bra Motion During Physical Activity (2018)

Breast and bra motion research aims to understand how the breasts/bra move to aid development of apparel that minimizes motion. Most previously published research has tracked nipple motion to represent bra motion. However, this method does not provide information regarding regional tissue motion. A more comprehensive approach might facilitate understanding how the entire soft-tissue mass moves during physical activities. This study developed and tested an objective method to comprehensively measure 3-dimensional bra motion, including regional displacement and velocity, displacement phasing, and surface stretch. To test the method, 6 females were fitted with a minimally supportive, seamless bra (small bra n = 3; large bra n = 3). Data were collected as participants ran on a treadmill. Results indicated marker displacement, velocity, link stretch, and link stretch velocities reached as high as 52.6 (6.8) mm, 504.8 (88.7) mm/s, 29.5% (7.1%) of minimum length, and 3.8 (1.0) mm/s/mm, respectively, with the large bra having greater motions compared with the small. Most bra motion occurred above/below the nipple region and at the bra's strap-body interface, independent of bra size. Importantly, maximum marker displacement and velocity did not occur at the nipple. Measurements obtained from this new method may be important for designing innovative clothing that minimizes bra motion during physical activity.
Large-Area Nanoimprinted Colloidal Au Nanocrystal-Based Nanoantennas for Ultrathin Polarizing Plasmonic Metasurfaces (2015)

We report a low-cost, large-area fabrication process using solution-based nanoimprinting and compact ligand exchange of colloidal Au nanocrystals to define anisotropic, subwavelength, plasmonic nanoinclusions for optical metasurfaces. Rod-shaped, Au nanocrystal-based nanoantennas possess strong, localized, plasmonic resonances able to control polarization. We fabricate metasurfaces from rod-shaped nanoantennas tailored in size and spacing to demonstrate Au nanocrystal-based quarter-wave plates that operate with extreme bandwidths and provide high polarization conversion efficiencies in the near-to-mid infrared.
Novel Short-Length EDF for C+L Band Amplification (2000)

Rapidly increasing internet and data traffic are stimulating the demand for higher information transmission capacity of backbone and “metro” optical network. To meet this capacity demand, the practical use of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) has been the key technology for massive development of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Much effort has been performed to broaden and flatten the EDFA bandwidth to increase the capacity in WDM system. Moreover, compact amplifiers such as Er-doped planar waveguide amplifier have been proposed to meet low spatial and low cost demand for metro use. We have prepared novel Er-doped Bi2O3-based glasses, which exhibit broadband emission and negligible concentration quenching up to 26,000 ppm of Er concentration [1-2]. In this paper, we report the broadband and short-length amplification properties of Bi2O3 based Er doped fibers (Bi-EDF).