gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactate promotes plasticity gene expression by potentiating NMDA signaling in neurons (2014)

L-lactate is a product of aerobic glycolysis that can be used by neurons as an energy substrate. Here we report that in neurons L-lactate stimulates the expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes such as Arc, c-Fos, and Zif268 through a mechanism involving NMDA receptor activity and its downstream signaling cascade Erk1/2. L-lactate potentiates NMDA receptor-mediated currents and the ensuing increase in intracellular calcium. In parallel to this, L-lactate increases intracellular levels of NADH, thereby modulating the redox state of neurons. NADH mimics all of the effects of L-lactate on NMDA signaling, pointing to NADH increase as a primary mediator of L-lactate effects. The induction of plasticity genes is observed both in mouse primary neurons in culture and in vivo in the mouse sensory-motor cortex. These results provide insights for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the critical role of astrocyte-derived L-lactate in long-term memory and long-term potentiation in vivo. This set of data reveals a previously unidentified action of L-lactate as a signaling molecule for neuronal plasticity.
Regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation by the testicular paracrine factor PModS: potential role of immediate-early genes. (1992)

Testicular peritubular cells produce a paracrine factor, PModS, under androgen control that modulates Sertoli cell functions that are essential for the process of spermatogenesis. PModS has a more dramatic effect on Sertoli cell differentiated functions in vitro than any regulatory agent previously shown to influence the cell, including FSH. Investigation of the actions of PModS on a molecular level have used transferrin expression as a marker of Sertoli cell differentiation. PModS was found to stimulate transferrin gene expression while having no effect on transferrin mRNA stability. The ability of PModS to elevate transferrin mRNA levels was inhibited by cycloheximide. Therefore, the actions of PModS require ongoing protein synthesis and appear to be indirectly mediated through trans-acting early event genes. PModS was found to dramatically increase mRNA levels for c-fos, but had no effect on c-jun mRNA levels. The c-fos mRNA levels increased transiently within a few minutes to a maximal level of stimulation at 1 h and returned to basal levels within 6 h. The rise in c-fos mRNA preceded the elevation in transferrin mRNA, which started to increase at 2 h to a maximum level between 6-12 h that was maintained at high levels for several days in cell culture. Treatment of Sertoli cells with an antisense c-fos oligonucleotide was found to inhibit the actions of PModS on transferrin expression. Combined results support the hypothesis that PModS acts indirectly through transcription factors (e.g. c-fos) to induce Sertoli cell differentiated functions (e.g. transferrin expression). Therefore, PModS appears to act as a differentiation-type factor to promote and maintain optimal Sertoli cell function.
Structural and antimicrobial studies of coordination compounds of VO(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with some Schiff bases involving 2-amino-4-chlorophenol (2009)

Complexes of tailor-made ligands with life essential metal ions may be an emerging area to answer the problem of multi-drug resistance (MDR). The coordination complexes of VO(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with the Schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone/2-chlorobenzaldehyde with 2-amino- 4-chlorophenol were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic spectra, FT-IR, ESR, FAB mass, thermal and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The FAB mass and thermal data show degradation of the complexes. The ligand A (2-hydroxyacetophenone-2amino- -4-chlorophenol) behaved as tridentate and ligand B (2-chlorobenzylidene-2- -amino-4-chlorophenol) as bidentate, coordinating through O and N donors. The complexes [VO(A)(H2O)]?xH2O, [M(A)(H2O)n]?xH2O for Co and Ni, [Cu(A)(H2O)] and [VO(B)2]?xH2O, [M(B)2(H2O)n] for Co and Cu and [Ni(B)2] exhibited coordination numbers 4, 5 or 6. X-ray powder diffraction data (a = = 11.00417 ?, b = 11.706081 ? and c = 54.46780 ?) showed that [Cu(CACP)2(H2O)2], complex 8, crystallized in the orthorhombic system. The in vitro biological screening effects of the investigated compounds were tested against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus fecalis and the fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma polysporum and Candida albicans by the serial dilution method. A comparative study of the MIC values of the Schiff base and their [M(B)2(H2O)2] complexes (Co(II), complex 6 and Cu(II), complex 8), indicated that the metal complexes exhibited a higher or lower antimicrobial activity than 2-chlorobenzylidene-2-amino-4-chlorophenol as the free ligand (B).
Tribology Study of Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets on Silicon Substrate Synthesized via Covalent Assembly (2010)

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets were covalently assembled onto silicon wafers via a multistep route based on the chemical adsorption and thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The formation and microstructure of RGO were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) was performed to evaluate the morphology and microtribological behaviors of the samples. Macrotribological performance was tested on a ball-on-plate tribometer. Results show that the assembled RGO possesses good friction reduction and antiwear ability, properties ascribed to its intrinsic structure, that is, the covalent bonding to the substrate and self-lubricating property of RGO.
Lipoxin A <sub>4</sub> attenuates adipose inflammation (2012)

Aging and adiposity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which underlies the development of obesity-associated complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms underlying adipose inflammation may include macrophage infiltration and activation, which, in turn, affect insulin sensitivity of adipocytes. There is a growing appreciation that specific lipid mediators (including lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins) can promote the resolution of inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), the predominant endogenously generated lipoxin, on adipose tissue inflammation. Using adipose tissue explants from perigonadal depots of aging female C57BL/6J mice (Animalia, Chordata, Mus musculus) as a model of age-associated adipose inflammation, we report that LXA4 (1 nM) attenuates adipose inflammation, decreasing IL-6 and increasing IL-10 expression (P<0.05). The altered cytokine milieu correlated with increased GLUT-4 and IRS-1 expression, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. Further investigations revealed the ability of LXA4 to rescue macrophage-induced desensitization to insulin-stimulated signaling and glucose uptake in cultured adipocytes, using vehicle-stimulated cells as controls. This was associated with preservation of Akt activation and reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α. We therefore propose that LXA4 may represent a potentially useful and novel therapeutic strategy to subvert adipose inflammation and insulin resistance, key components of T2DM.
Development of a Pareto-based Concept Selection Method (2002)

This paper introduces the notion of s-Pareto optimality for concept selection in engineering design. We focus on the use of s-Pareto frontiers to define and classify concept dominance and from such, perform concept selection. We define an s-Pareto frontier as a set of Pareto optimal solutions originating from the Pareto frontiers of a set of concepts. A single resulting Pareto frontier for the set of concepts is formed and is called an s-Pareto frontier. SPareto based concept selection can be characterized as one that capitalizes on the benefits of computational optimization during the conceptual phase of design – before a general design concept has been chosen. In this paper, an introduction to s-Pareto optimality and a method for generating s-Pareto frontiers are given. An approach for using s-Pareto optimality for concept selection is then presented. The methods proposed in this paper can effectively aid to eliminate dominated design concepts, keep competitive concepts and ultimately choose a given design alternative from the chosen design concept. A truss design problem is used to illustrate the usefulness of the method.
A Parallel Coordinates Style Interface for Exploratory Volume Visualization (2004)

We present a user interface, based on parallel coordinates, that facilitates exploration of volume data. By explicitly representing the visualization parameter space, the interface provides an overview of rendering options and enables users to easily explore different parameters. Rendered images are stored in an integrated history bar that facilitates backtracking to previous visualization options. Initial usability testing showed clear agreement between users and experts of various backgrounds (usability, graphic design, volume visualization, and medical physics) that the proposed user interface is a valuable data exploration tool.
Thermostable Saccharidases (1991)

Thermostable saccharidases are required for industrial processing of starch and lignocellulosic fibers. Thermophilic microbes have not been used as sources for industrial enzymes and the molecular biochemistry of enzyme thermophilicity is not understood. We have purified and characterized thermostable (70°C) saccharidases from thermoanaerobic bacteria including: β-amylase, amylopullulanase, α-glucosidase, glucose isomerase (GI), and endoxylanase. Thermostable saccharidase synthesis was regulated in Thermoanaerobacter to produce fructose directly from starch. The GI gene from Thermoanaerobacter was cloned and sequenced and site-directed mutagenesis was employed to explain enzyme catalysis and to design an enzyme active at 70°C and pH 5.5. Endoxylanase of Thermoanaerobacter was cloned and characterized in relation to a xylanosomal cellular organization and a source for fiber modification. Future studies on these novel saccharidases will focus on the molecular basis of thermophilicity, coordination with other hydrolases and industrial uses.
Creating Peer Sexual Harassment: Mobilizing Schools to Throw the Book at Themselves (2005)

This paper describes how peer‐to‐peer sexual harassment rapidly was transformed from an unremarkable reality of secondary school life into a serious social and legal problem. First, it shows how organizations and professionals served as an entry point for social change and legal mobilization. I argue that schools were quick to address peer sexual harassment because activists framed it as a moral and pedagogical issue that resonated with educators’ deeply held professional values. Second, the paper shows how law and organizations developed endogenously. Without any legal mandate, schools created and institutionalized harassment policies. Courts then looked to these organizational practices to determine the content and scope of Title IX. In this way, schools literally “enacted” the law through their practices. This finding goes beyond previous work on endogeneity in that school policies influenced law at the level of doctrine, not simply at the level of meaning, enforcement, or application.
GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well laser with monolithically integrated extended glass waveguide cavity (1991)

The fabrication and characteristics of a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well laser with a monolithically integrated extended glass waveguide cavity (EGWC) are described. The added glass waveguide expanded the laser beam in both the lateral and vertical directions and reduced the lateral far field divergence angle from 8 to 2°. Single-longitudinal mode CW operation caused by the EGWC is demonstrated.
RCVS news (2020)

Professor Stephen May, former RCVS President and Chair of the Legislation Working Party, gives us an insight into the background to the recently launched RCVS consultation on legislative reform and provides an overview of the recommendations it is making. All members of the Royal College are invited to respond to the consultation and have their say in influencing the future shape of the professions.
A completely smooth transition Buck-Boost Converter with Continuity-Mode (CM) Technique for only using 2 switches in whole battery life (2011)

In this paper, a high efficiency and completely smooth transition between buck and boost mode, non-inverting Buck-Boost Converter with Continuity-Mode (CM) Technique is presented. The proposed continuity mode technique provides smooth transition and minimizes the switching and conduction losses better than conventional buffer mode. It just like buck or boost mode, the number of switches are used in one switching cycle is reduced from four to two and the inductor current is reduced to close to the value of load current. The results show the problem of pulse skipping in mode transition region is removed and without expense any unnecessary power losses. The dc output voltage is regulated on 3.3V in whole decreasing battery life. The output voltage ripple is reduced in transition region due to without pulse skipping and approximate to zero due to the duty cycle is close to almost 100% when the input voltage equal to output voltage.
A fault-tolerant cooperative distributed system (2002)

The paper proposes a highly distributed environment for Cooperating Knowledge Based Systems (CKBSs), in which autonomous knowledge based systems, called agents, cooperate/compete together to solve problems of real-world distributed applications. The paper then goes on to explore how such an environment can be exploited to provide fault tolerance, particularly fault localisation, and the replacement of faulty components followed by rescheduling, providing a resilient and stable operational environment.
Global burden of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with asthma and its complication chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adults (2012)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicates asthma and may lead to chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) yet global burdens of each have never been estimated. Antifungal therapy has a place in the management of ABPA and is the cornerstone of treatment in CPA, reducing morbidity and probably mortality. We used the country-specific prevalence of asthma from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) report applied to population estimates to calculate adult asthma cases. From five referral cohorts (China, Ireland, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and South Africa), we estimated the prevalence of ABPA in adults with asthma at 2.5% (range 0.72-3.5%) (scoping review). From ABPA case series, pulmonary cavitation occurred in 10% (range 7-20%), allowing an estimate of CPA prevalence worldwide using a deterministic scenario-based model. Of 193 million adults with active asthma worldwide, we estimate that 4,837,000 patients (range 1,354,000-6,772,000) develop ABPA. By WHO region, the ABPA burden estimates are: Europe, 1,062,000; Americas, 1,461,000; Eastern Mediterranean, 351,000; Africa, 389,900; Western Pacific, 823,200; South East Asia, 720,400. We calculate a global case burden of CPA complicating ABPA of 411,100 (range 206,300-589,400) at a 10% rate with a 15% annual attrition. The global burden of ABPA potentially exceeds 4.8 million people and of CPA complicating ABPA ˜ 400,000, which is more common than previously appreciated. Both conditions respond to antifungal therapy justifying improved case detection. Prospective population and clinical cohort studies are warranted to more precisely ascertain the frequency of ABPA and CPA in different locations and ethnic groups and validate the model inputs.
<title>Automated spatiotemporal change detection in digital aerial imagery</title> (2000)

Handling change within integrated geospatial environments is a challenge of dual nature. It comprises automatic change detection, and the fundamental issue of modeling/representing change. In this paper we present a novel approach for automated change detection which allows us to handle change more efficiently than commonly available approaches. More specifically, we focus on the detection of building boundary changes within a spatiotemporal GIS environment. We have developed a novel approach, as an extension of least-squares based matching. Previous spatial states of an object are compared to its current representation in a digital image, and decisions are automatically made as to whether or not change at the outline has occurred. Older object information is used to produce templates for comparison with the representation of the same object in a newer image. Semantic information extracted through an analysis of template edge geometry, and estimates of accuracy are used to enhance our model. This template matching approach allows us to integrate in a single operation object extraction from digital imagery with change detection. By decomposing a complete outline into smaller elements and applying template matching along these locations we are able to detect precisely even small changes in building outlines. In this paper we present an overview of our approach, theoretical models, certain implementation issues like template selection and weight coefficient assignment, and experimental results.
Investigation of self heating and damage progression in a polyester fiberglass composite under tension-tension cyclic loading. (2014)

International audience
Characterizing Power and Temperature Behavior of POWER6-Based System (2011)

Microprocessor architectures have become increasingly power limited in recent years. Currently power and thermal envelopes dictate peak performance limits more than any other design constraint. In this work, we characterize thermal behavior and power consumption of an IBM POWER6-based system. We perform the characterization at several levels: application, operating system, and hardware level, both when the system is idle, and under load. At hardware level, we report a 25% reduction in total system power consumption by using the processor low power mode. We also study the effect of the hardware thread prioritization mechanism provided by POWER6 on different workloads and how this mechanism can be used to limit power consumption. From this static characterization study we derive a model based on performance counters that allows us to predict the total power consumption of the POWER6 system with an average error under 3% for CMP and 5% for SMT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first power model of a system including CMP+SMT processors. The work reported in this paper can be generalized to model power consumption for a broader class of systems. Such power modeling is required for studying promising power reduction techniques. In terms of dynamic methods, intelligent thread placement can result in a boost in power efficiency. Our results show that such a power-aware thread placement results in up to 5 × improvement in energy-delay squared product for our POWER6 system.
Dependence Receptors and Cancer: Addiction to Trophic Ligands (2015)

Data accumulating over the last 20 years support the notion that some transmembrane receptors are activated not only by their respective ligands but also, differentially, by the withdrawal or absence of these same ligands. In this latter setting, these receptors actively trigger apoptosis. They have been dubbed dependence receptors because their expression confers a state of ligand dependence for survival on the expressing cells. Twenty of these receptors have been identified to date, and several have been shown to inhibit tumor progression by inducing apoptosis. As a corollary, these receptors, or their transduced death signals, are frequently silenced in cancer cells as a selective mechanism to prevent cell death, allowing invasion and metastasis. Drugs aimed at inducing programmed cell death in neoplastic cells by re-engaging the proapoptotic activity induced by unliganded dependence receptors are in late-stage preclinical tests, poised for clinical evaluation. This approach may offer novel opportunities for patient treatments. In this review, we discuss the implications of dependence receptors in limiting cancer progression and address the therapeutic perspectives brought to light by this paradigm.
Characteristics of Intact and Ruptured Atherosclerotic Plaques in Brachiocephalic Arteries of Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice (2002)

The brachiocephalic arteries of fat-fed apolipoprotein E knockout mice develop plaques that frequently rupture and form luminal thromboses. The morphological characteristics of plaques without evidence of instability or with healed previous ruptures (intact) and vessels with acutely ruptured plaques (ruptured) have now been defined, to understand the process of plaque destabilization in more detail. Ninety-eight apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a diet supplemented with 21% lard and 0.15% cholesterol, for 5 to 59 weeks. Of these 98 mice, 51 had an acutely ruptured plaque in the brachiocephalic artery. Ruptured and intact plaques differed in terms of plaque cross-sectional area (intact, 0.109+/-0.016 mm2; ruptured, 0.192+/-0.009 mm2; P=0.0005), luminal occlusion (intact, 35.3+/-3.3%; ruptured, 57.7+/-1.9%; P<0.0001), the number of buried caps within the lesion (intact, 1.06+/-0.12; ruptured, 2.66+/-0.16; P<0.0001), fibrous cap thickness (intact, 4.7+/-0.6 microm; ruptured, 2.0+/-0.3 microm; P=0.0004), and lipid fractional volume (intact, 35.9+/-3.0%; ruptured, 50.7+/-2.2%; P=0.0019). This study confirms that plaque rupture is a frequent occurrence in the brachiocephalic arteries of apolipoprotein E knockout mice on a high-fat diet. The data also show that ruptured plaques in these mice show many of the characteristics of vulnerable plaques in humans. This supports the use of this model in studies of the mechanisms and therapy of plaque rupture.
The detuning effects of a wrist-worn antenna and design of a custom antenna measurement system (2010)

This paper investigates the effects of antenna detuning on wireless devices caused by the presence of the human body, particularly the wrist. To facilitate repeatable and consistent antenna impedance measurements, an accurate and low cost human phantom arm, that simulates human tissue at 433MHz frequencies, has been developed and characterized. An accurate and low cost hardware prototype system has been developed to measure antenna return loss at a frequency of 433MHz and the design, fabrication and measured results are presented. This system provides a flexible means of evaluating closed-loop reconfigurable antenna tuning circuits for use in wireless mote applications.
<title>Telediagnosis system for orthopedic deformity analysis based on 3D medical imaging</title> (2000)

Due to the structural complexity of the bone, it is difficult to diagnose and make a treatment plan for injuries and diseases in bones. In this paper, we designed and implemented a telediagnosis system for orthopedic deformity analysis based on 3D medical imaging. In order to define the intersseous relationships in each bone and to evaluate a deformity without invasions, the system produces volumetric images by reconstructing the planar images spatially and provides deformity analysis by measuring distance, area, volume and angle among the bones. The reconstructed volumetric images are freely manipulated to simulate surgical operations such as translation, scaling, rotation and so on. Our system integrates three main components: server, clients and communication subsystem. It is also composed of three main functions including the information control manager for event and message process used between client and server, and surgical simulation manager for object visualization and manipulation in individual bones, and the medical database manager for patient information. The system also supports user-friendly graphical user interface and simultaneous use by multiple users.