gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Punchthrough transient voltage suppressor for EOS/ESD protection of low-voltage IC's (1995)

A silicon transient voltage suppresser (TVS) is presented for off-chip EOS/ESD protection of ICs with supply voltages ranging from 3.3 V down to 1.5 V. The np/sup +/p/sup -/n four-layer TVS operates in punchthrough mode instead of the avalanche mode as in conventional TVS diodes. Performance was investigated by device simulator TMA-MEDICI for several device structure options for ultra-low-voltage EOS/ESD protection.
Studies on the Alkylation of Derivatives of Guanines (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of some N7- and N9-substituted guanine analogs was investigated. The influence of the base, the alkylating agent and of the type of derivatization of the purine moiety on the relative formation of the N7 and N9 isomers was studied.
Coaxial Hydrogen/Oxygen Gas-Dynamic Resonance Ignition Technology for Rocket Repetitive Starting (2007)

Gas-dynamic resonance ignition is a new technology prospective in repetitive starting of future space vehicle. Based on the investigation of structural and operational reliability for some schemes of hydrogen and oxygen resonance ignition, a novel type of coaxial hydrogen/oxygen resonance ignition scheme was advised. By means of more than 1000 times of gas-dynamic resonance heating mechanism tests, basic techniques of coaxial hydrogen/oxygen resonance ignition have been successfully investigated, including the characterization of resonance gas, verification of annular injector nozzle resonating performance, and the optimization of ignition device configuration etc. Firing tests on a basic hydrogen/oxygen resonance ignition tester have verified its ignition reliability and feasibility. Based on this basic coaxial hydrogen/oxygen resonance ignition tester, two types of coaxial hydrogen/oxygen resonance ignition devices have been developed that could be applied to the simultaneous ignitions of multi-combustor in aerospike nozzle engine, namely a multi-tube coaxial hydrogen/oxygen resonance igniter and a multi small coaxial hydrogen/oxygen resonance igniters assemblage. Firing tests on both devices have been qualified of reliable repetitive simultaneous ignition capacity for hydrogen/oxygen aerospike nozzle engine’s repeated starting, of which the latter has better feasibility. Based on the heating effect of resonance tube, gas-dynamic resonance ignition becomes a new ignition technology in engineering. When put a one-end-closed tube inside a jet, opening end pointed to the upstream, gas flows inside and outside the tube cavity may couple to form interface of self-oscillated shock wave under specified aerodynamic and geometrical conditions. Energy provided by the high-speed jet sustains the high frequency oscillation of shock wave in the tube. When frequency of the oscillation is close to that of resonance tube’s inherent self-oscillation, the pressure and temperature of those gases stuck at the closed end of tube cavity will be augmented to many times higher than the ambient. This phenomenon has been called gas-dynamic resonance heating. As a kind of high-energy source generator, it can be utilized to ignition in chemical propulsion domain.
The Fugitive Dismissal Rule:Ortega-Rodriguez Takes the BiteOut of Flight (1995)

The ability of the courts to dismiss the appeal of a fugitive who escapes after filing a timely appeal is well established in the Fugitive Dismissal Rule.' Since the turn of the century, however, the Supreme Court had yet to address the effect of a pre-appeal escape on the right of a former fugitive to appeal his conviction.Finally in Ortega-Rodriguez v. United States, the Court first addressed the effects of such an escape on the appellate rights of a former fugitive. 7The Court's holding in Ortega-Rodriguez severely limits the authority of the courts to enforce procedural rules establishing reasonable conditions on the exercise of appellate jurisdiction!As a result of the Court's holding, defendants who flee after filing a notice of appeal lose the right to appeal their conviction; those who escape prior to filing, however, can appeal an unfavorable judgment."This Note takes the position that while the Court's intended purposes for affirming the Fugitive Dismissal Rule are sound, the holding fails to satisfy the intended goal and will instead result in long-term negative impacts.'"The aims of the Court and the interests of society would be better served by a modified version of the Fugitive Dismissal Rule."This Note proposes a "Discretionary Dismissal Rule for Fugitives" which would leave the ability of fugitives to appeal their convictions to the discretion of the courts."This determination would be based on a three-factor, case-by-case analysis."This Note examines Ortega-Rodriguez v. United States in depth and discusses the ramifications and repercussions of the case.Part II dis-
Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for SOD1-Associated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis Studies (2014)

The genetic reprogramming technology allows one to generate pluripotent stem cells for individual patients. These cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), can be an unlimited source of specialized cell types for the body. Thus, autologous somatic cell replacement therapy becomes possible, as well as the generation of in vitro cell models for studying the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and drug discovery. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder that leads to a loss of upper and lower motor neurons. About 10% of cases are genetically inherited, and the most common familial form of ALS is associated with mutations in the SOD1 gene. We used the reprogramming technology to generate induced pluripotent stem cells with patients with familial ALS. Patient-specific iPS cells were obtained by both integration and transgene-free delivery methods of reprogramming transcription factors. These iPS cells have the properties of pluripotent cells and are capable of direct differentiation into motor neurons.
SENEKA - sensor network with mobile robots for disaster management (2012)

Developed societies have a high level of preparedness for natural or man-made disasters. But such incidents cannot be completely prevented, and when an incident like an earthquake or an accident in a chemical or nuclear plant hits a populated area, rescue teams need to be employed. In such situations it is a necessity for rescue teams to get a quick overview of the situation in order to identify possible locations of victims that need to be rescued and dangerous locations that need to be secured. Rescue forces must operate quickly in order to save lives, and they often need to operate in dangerous environments. Hence, robot-supported systems are increasingly used to support and accelerate search operations. The objective of the SENEKA concept is to network the various robots and sensor systems used by first responders in order to make the search for victims and survivors more quick and efficient. SENEKA targets the integration of the robot-sensor network into the operation procedures of the rescue teams. The aim of this paper is to inform on the goals and first research results of the ongoing joint research project SENEKA.
Ephrin-A1 expression contributes to the malignant characteristics of α-fetoprotein producing hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

These findings suggest that the poor prognosis of patients with AFP producing HCC is partially caused by ephrin-A1 expression, which induces expression of genes related to tumour cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Interpretation of Earth tide response of three deep, confined aquifers (1984)

The response of a confined, areally infinite aquifer to external loads imposed by earth tides is examined. Because the gravitational influence of celestial objects occurs over large areas of the earth, the confined aquifer is assumed to respond in an undrained fashion. Since undrained response is controlled by water compressibility, earth tide response can be directly used only to evaluate porous medium compressibility if porosity is known. Moreover, since specific storage S s quantifies a drained behavior of the porous medium, one cannot directly estimate S s from earth tide response. Except for the fact that barometric changes act both on the water surface in the well and on the aquifer as a whole while stress changes associated with earth tides act only in the aquifer, the two phenomena influence the confined aquifer in much the same way. In other words, barometric response contains only as much information on the elastic properties of the aquifer as the earth tide response does. Factors such as well bore storage, aquifer transmissivity, and storage coefficient contribute to time lag and damping of the aquifer response as observed in the well. Analysis shows that the observation of fluid pressure changes alone, without concurrent measurement of external stress changes, is insufficient to interpret uniquely earth tide response. In the present work, change in external stress is estimated from dilatation by assuming a reasonable value for bulk modulus. Earth tide response of geothermal aquifers from Marysville, Montana; East Mesa, California; and Raft River Valley, Idaho, were analyzed, and the ratio of S s to porosity was estimated. Comparison of these estimates with independent pumping tests shows reasonable agreement.
A Decision model for Selecting an Offshore Outsourcing Location: Using a Multicriteria Method (2007)

As the offshoring becomes more widespread, business practitioners outsource their activities to overseas countries. Although there is a wealth of academic literature examining outsourcing and offshoring, there is little academic literature that addresses the current outsourcing decision most firms facing, which is where to outsource. Given multi-attribute nature of offshore location selection, this paper argues that five factors should be considered for decisions, and proposes the use of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and PROMETHEE as aids in making offshore location selection decisions. AHP is used to analyze the structure of the location selection problem and determine weights of the criteria, and PROMETHEE method is used for final ranking, together with changing weights for a sensitivity analysis. It shows by means of an application that the hybrid method is very well suited as a decision-making tool for the offshore location selection decision. Finally, potential issues for future research are presented.
Adding Interpretable Attention to Neural Translation Models Improves Word Alignment (2019)

Multi-layer models with multiple attention heads per layer provide superior translation quality compared to simpler and shallower models, but determining what source context is most relevant to each target word is more challenging as a result. Therefore, deriving high-accuracy word alignments from the activations of a state-of-the-art neural machine translation model is an open challenge. We propose a simple model extension to the Transformer architecture that makes use of its hidden representations and is restricted to attend solely on encoder information to predict the next word. It can be trained on bilingual data without word-alignment information. We further introduce a novel alignment inference procedure which applies stochastic gradient descent to directly optimize the attention activations towards a given target word. The resulting alignments dramatically outperform the naive approach to interpreting Transformer attention activations, and are comparable to Giza++ on two publicly available data sets.
Efficient techniques for accurate modeling and simulation of substrate coupling in mixed-signal IC's (1999)

Industry trends aimed at integrating higher levels of circuit functionality have triggered a proliferation of mixed analog-digital systems. Magnified noise coupling through the common chip substrate has made the design and verification of such systems an increasingly difficult task. In this paper we present a fast eigendecomposition technique that accelerates operator application in BEM methods and avoids the dense-matrix storage while taking all of the substrate boundary effects into account explicitly. This technique can be used for accurate and efficient modeling of substrate coupling effects in mixed-signal integrated circuits.
A Decentralized Implementation of DC Optimal Power Flow on a Network of Computers (2005)

This work presents a decentralized implementation of the DC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem on a network of workstations. Each workstation is assigned to a regional Transmission System Operator (TSO), who manages the operation of the transmission system of his own region, as well as cross-border exchanges with neighboring regions. The workstations take part in an iterative process, exchanging information with each other and solving regional OPF sub-problems, until the global OPF solution is reached. Tie-line related information is exchanged between workstations assigned to neighboring regions. A master workstation, assigned to a "Super-TSO", checks for the convergence of the algorithm. The parallel processing system is tested on various test systems, including a large real-world system, the Balkan power system.
Dual colorimetric and luminescent assay for dipicolinate, a biomarker of bacterial spores (2013)

A binary mixture of Tb(3+) and pyrocatechol violet (PV) forms a 1 : 1 Tb(3+)/PV complex that can be used in a dye displacement assay. Addition of dipicolinate (DPA) to the Tb(3+)/DPA complex simultaneously produces a PV color change from blue to yellow and luminescence emission from the newly formed Tb(3+)/DPA complex.
Vagal activities are involved in antigen‐specific immune inflammation in the intestine (2011)

The intestinal vagus nerve in mice expresses a high-affinity IgE receptor. An antigen-specific immune response can activate the vagus nerve in the intestine and induces the release of transmitters to modulate dendritic cell phenotypes that facilitate the development of skewed Th2 polarization in the intestine.
Highly tunable local gate controlled complementary graphene device performing as inverter and voltage controlled resistor (2013)

Using single-layer CVD graphene, a complementary field effect transistor (FET) device is fabricated on the top of separated back-gates. The local back-gate control of the transistors, which operate with low bias at room temperature, enables highly tunable device characteristics due to separate control over electrostatic doping of the channels. Local back-gating allows control of the doping level independently of the supply voltage, which enables device operation with very low VDD. Controllable characteristics also allow the compensation of variation in the unintentional doping typically observed in CVD graphene. Moreover, both p-n and n-p configurations of FETs can be achieved by electrostatic doping using the local back-gate. Therefore, the device operation can also be switched from inverter to voltage controlled resistor, opening new possibilities in using graphene in logic circuitry.
Modulation of the TLR-Mediated Inflammatory Response by the Endogenous Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 (2006)

The sole human cathelicidin peptide, LL-37, has been demonstrated to protect animals against endotoxemia/sepsis. Low, physiological concentrations of LL-37 (< or =1 microg/ml) were able to modulate inflammatory responses by inhibiting the release of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated human monocytic cells. Microarray studies established a temporal transcriptional profile and identified differentially expressed genes in LPS-stimulated monocytes in the presence or absence of LL-37. LL-37 significantly inhibited the expression of specific proinflammatory genes up-regulated by NF-kappaB in the presence of LPS, including NFkappaB1 (p105/p50) and TNF-alpha-induced protein 2 (TNFAIP2). In contrast, LL-37 did not significantly inhibit LPS-induced genes that antagonize inflammation, such as TNF-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and the NF-kappaB inhibitor, NFkappaBIA, or certain chemokine genes that are classically considered proinflammatory. Nuclear translocation, in LPS-treated cells, of the NF-kappaB subunits p50 and p65 was reduced > or =50% in the presence of LL-37, demonstrating that the peptide altered gene expression in part by acting directly on the TLR-to-NF-kappaB pathway. LL-37 almost completely prevented the release of TNF-alpha and other cytokines by human PBMC following stimulation with LPS and other TLR2/4 and TLR9 agonists, but not with cytokines TNF-alpha or IL-1beta. Biochemical and inhibitor studies were consistent with a model whereby LL-37 modulated the inflammatory response to LPS/endotoxin and other agonists of TLR by a complex mechanism involving multiple points of intervention. We propose that the natural human host defense peptide LL-37 plays roles in the delicate balancing of inflammatory responses in homeostasis as well as in combating sepsis induced by certain TLR agonists.
Collaborative intrusion detection framework: characteristics, adversarial opportunities and countermeasures (2010)

The rational dispensing practice of oral dosage forms of medicines was relatively poor and there is room for improvement.
GaN Nanorod Schottky and p−n Junction Diodes (2006)

Conductive atomic force microscopy has been used to characterize single GaN nanorod Schottky and p−n junction diodes. The ideality factor, reverse breakdown voltage, and the Schottky barrier height of individual nanorod diodes were compared to those from conventional thin-film diodes. Large-area contacts, enabling diodes with arrays of GaN nanorods in parallel, were also fabricated and their electrical characteristics investigated. The defect-free nature of the GaN nanorods and enhanced tunneling effects due to nanoscale contacts have been invoked to explain the electrical behavior of the nanorod diodes.
John Bennett (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Neutrophil activation has a pathogenic effect in inflammatory diseases. Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt regulates diverse cellular responses. However, the significance of Akt in neutrophilic inflammation is still not well understood. Here, we identified 5,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone (CLLV-1) as a novel Akt inhibitor. CLLV-1 inhibited respiratory burst, degranulation, and chemotaxis in activated human neutrophils and neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 (dHL-60) cells. CLLV-1 selectively inhibited Akt phosphorylation in activated human neutrophils and dHL-60 cells. Significantly, CLLV-1 blocked Akt kinase activity and covalently reacted with Akt Cys310 <i>in vitro</i>. The Akt<sub>309-313</sub>peptide-CLLV-1 adducts were determined by NMR or mass spectrometry assay. The level of alkylation agent-conjugated Akt (reduced form) was also inhibited by CLLV-1. Additionally, CLLV-1 ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and complete Freund’s adjuvant-caused inflammatory arthritis in mice. Together, CLLV-1 acts as covalent-allosteric Akt inhibitor via targeting Akt Cys310 to retrain inflammatory responses in human neutrophils and in inflammatory animals. Our findings provide a mechanistic framework for redox modification of Akt that may be a novel pharmacological target to alleviate neutrophilic inflammation.
Conservation cores (2010)

Growing transistor counts, limited power budgets, and the breakdown of voltage scaling are currently conspiring to create a utilization wall that limits the fraction of a chip that can run at full speed at one time. In this regime, specialized, energy-efficient processors can increase parallelism by reducing the per-computation power requirements and allowing more computations to execute under the same power budget. To pursue this goal, this paper introduces conservation cores . Conservation cores, or c-cores , are specialized processors that focus on reducing energy and energy-delay instead of increasing performance. This focus on energy makes c-cores an excellent match for many applications that would be poor candidates for hardware acceleration (e.g., irregular integer codes). We present a toolchain for automatically synthesizing c-cores from application source code and demonstrate that they can significantly reduce energy and energy-delay for a wide range of applications. The c-cores support patching, a form of targeted reconfigurability, that allows them to adapt to new versions of the software they target. Our results show that conservation cores can reduce energy consumption by up to 16.0x for functions and by up to 2.1x for whole applications, while patching can extend the useful lifetime of individual c-cores to match that of conventional processors.
Common aperture, dual frequency printed antenna(900 MHz and 60 GHz) (2001)

The combination of a microstrip patch antenna at 900 MHz and a folded reflector antenna in the 60 GHz frequency range integrated in a common aperture is described. The 60 GHz antenna radiates through a grid integrated in the patch of the microstrip antenna.
Multichannel autosampler for Curie‐point pyrolysis capillary gas chromatography (1992)

Abstract A multichannel autosampler which can automatically analyze up to 20 samples in sequence has been developed for on‐line Curie‐point pyrolysis – capillary GC. The results obtained from the system show that the analysis of thermally labile samples could be performed without either thermal degradation or reaction during the waiting time before the final pyrolysis. The reproducibilities of the relative peak areas and retention times of the characteristic pyrolysates of a tricomponent copolymer were significantly better than those obtained by manual sample manipulation.
Upconversion emission from ersio superlattice crystal waveguide (2006)

ErSiO superlattice crystal waveguide is demonstrated. Due to the optical confinement effect, upconversion emission can be observed. From the upconversion, the light propagation properties in the waveguide are discussed
Stilbene disulfonate blockade of colonic secretory Cl- channels in planar lipid bilayers (1989)

We studied blockade by 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DNDS) of a secretory Cl- channel from colonic enterocyte plasma membrane vesicles incorporated into planar lipid bilayer membranes. Except for intermittent long-lived closed periods (100 ms to several min), the control channel open probability (Po) was greater than 90%. DNDS, added to the cis or vesicle-containing side, which corresponds to the outer membrane side of the channel, caused a dramatic increase in the number of current transitions from the open-to-closed state. DNDS caused a concentration-dependent decrease in Po with a maximum inhibition of 95 +/- 2.0% and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 3.3 +/- 1.4 microM. DNDS added to the trans side of the channel had no effect on either the single-channel conductance or kinetic behavior of the channel. Kinetic analysis revealed that DNDS blockade from the cis side could be explained by a linear, closed-open-blocked, kinetic scheme. The estimated DNDS block rate constants were kon = 3.2 X 10(7) M-1.s-1 and koff = 52 s-1, yielding an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 2.1 +/- 0.38 microM, similar to the Ki for inhibition of Po. The effects of DNDS were fully reversible after perfusion of the cis compartment with DNDS-free solution. In contrast, the covalently reactive 4,4'-diisothiocyano-substituted stilbene disulfonate caused an irreversible blockade of the Cl- channel.