gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent sticky notes that can be searched, located and can send reminders and messages (2008)

We present 'Quickies: Intelligent Sticky Notes', an attempt to bring one of the most useful inventions of the 20th century into the digital age: the ubiquitous sticky notes. Sticky notes help us manage our-to-do lists, tag our objects and documents and capture short reminders or information that we may need in the near future. 'Quickies' enrich the experience of using sticky notes by allowing them to be tracked and managed more effectively. Quickies are stickies that have intelligence and the ability to remind us about the task we ought to perform or to provide us at the right time with the information we captured in the past. The project explores how the use of Artificial Intelligence, RFID, and ink recognition technologies can make it possible to create intelligent sticky notes that can be searched, located, can send reminders and messages, and more broadly, can help us to seamlessly connect our physical and digital experiences.
Design of wide-band cmos vco for multiband wireless lan applications (2003)

A general design methodology of low-voltage wide-band voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) suitable for wireless LAN (WLAN) application is described. The applications of high-quality passives for the resonator are introduced: 1) a single-loop horseshoe inductor with Q > 20 between 2 and 5 GHz for good phase noise performance; and 2) accumulation MOS (AMOS) varactors with C/sub max//C/sub min/ ratio of 6 to provide wide-band tuning capability at low-voltage supply. The adverse effect of AMOS varactors due to high sensitivity is examined. Amendment using bandswitching topology is suggested, and a phase noise improvement of 7 dB is measured to prove the concept. The measured VCO operates on a 1-V supply with a wide tuning range of 58.7% between 3.0 and 5.6 GHz when tuned between ±0.7 V. The phase noise is -120 dBc/Hz at 3.0 GHz, and -114.5 dBc/Hz at 5.6 GHz, with the nominal power dissipation between 2 and 3 mW across the whole tuning range. The best phase noise at 1-MHz offset is -124 dBc/Hz at the frequency of 3 GHz, a supply voltage of 1.4 V, and power dissipation of 8.4 mW. When the supply is reduced to 0.83 V, the VCO dissipates less than 1 mW at 5.6 GHz. Using this design methodology, the feasibility of generating two local oscillator frequencies (2.4-GHz ISM and 5-GHz U-NII) for WLAN transceiver using a single VCO with only one monolithic inductor is demonstrated. The VCO is fabricated in a 0.13-μm partially depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process.
A new approach to capillary electrochromatography: Disposable molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (2002)

Nanoparticle phases have provided a new technique for CEC that avoids the time-consuming procedure for packing capillary columns. Frits are not required in the separation channel, and because the pseudo-stationary phase is discarded after every separation, each run proceeds with an entirely new phase. Moreover, the monolithic molecularly imprinted polymer permits a high sample load to be used.
The potential of model-based recursive partitioning in the social sciences - Revisiting Ockham's Razor (2010)

A variety of new statistical methods from the field of machine learning have the potential to offer new impulses for research in the social, educational and behavioral sciences. In this article we focus on one of these methods: model-based recursive partitioning. This algorithmic approach is reviewed and illustrated by means of instructive examples and an application to the Mincer equation. For readers unfamiliar with algorithmic methods, the explanation starts with the introduction of the predecessor method classification and regression trees. With respect to the application and interpretation of model-based recursive partitioning, we address the principle of parsimony and illustrate that the model-based recursive partitioning approach can be employed to test whether a postulated model is in accordance with Ockham's Razor or whether relevant covariates have been omitted. Finally, an overview of available statistical software is provided to facilitate the applicability in social science research.
Identification of three extended antibody-binding segments in recombinant human muscle acetylcholine receptor α subunit extracellular domain 1–210 (1991)

The duplicated alpha subunits account for 40% of the total protein of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of muscle, and are implicated as targets for pathogenic autoantibodies in the neuromuscular disease myasthenia gravis (MG). This study reports some of the specificities of antibodies induced by a myasthenogenic recombinant protein (rH alpha 1-210) corresponding to the proposed extracellular domain of the alpha subunit of human acetylcholine receptor, residues 1-210. Antisera produced by immunizing rats, rabbits, and mice were tested with a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides (each 16 amino acids) comprising residues 1-216 of the human alpha subunit. IgG antibodies produced in all three species bound only to peptides that were clustered in three segments: segment I (residues 9-24); segment II (57-96 in rats, 57-88 in rabbits, and 57-80 in mice); and segment III (137-184 in rats, 145-184 in rabbits and mice). Monoclonal antibodies were produced by 41 independent hybridomas derived from three rats immunized with rH alpha 1-210; 12 reacted only with the recombinant or native protein, and 29 reacted additionally with peptides in segments II or III. Four mAbs bound to native human receptor; of these, three bound to peptides 57-72/65-80, 81-96, or 153-168, and one lacked peptide-binding activity. Lack of mAb reactivity with rat receptor precluded correlation of peptide reactivity with myasthenogenicity. Nevertheless, the data indicate that the human acetylcholine receptor's alpha subunit contains multiple sites in its extracellular domain that are potentially stimulatory for B cells.
On Analysis and Optimization of an Active Cable-Mesh Main Reflector for a Giant Arecibo-Type Antenna Structural System (2007)

The active cable-mesh main reflector of a giant Arecibo-type antenna can adjust the illuminated area to a given parabolic surface in time, which is achieved with a flexible cable-mesh structure. This paper addresses the feasibility of the active cable-mesh main reflector, including accuracy adjustment and the influence of the panel curvature. The illuminate area of the reflector needs to be adjusted to a paraboloid, which is implemented by introducing a bias distribution field vector of mesh surface and least norm solution for under-determined equations. Plane panels and spherical panels are investigated. Numerical results show that a much more better surface precision can be obtained using spherical panels
Effect of LiBF<sub>4</sub> Salt Concentration on the Properties of Plasticized MG49-TiO<sub>2</sub> Based Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte (2011)

A nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) comprising of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG49) as polymer host, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as a ceramic filler, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) as dopant salt, and ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer was prepared by solution casting technique. The ceramic filler, TiO 2 , was synthesized in situ by a sol-gel process. The ionic conductivity, chemical interaction, structure, and surface morphology of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte have been investigated as a function of wt% LiBF 4 . The interaction between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occurred at carbonyl and ether groups. The crystalline phase of polymer host slightly decreases with the addition of salt. TGA and DTG analysis suggested that the thermal stability of the electrolyte decreases with the salt content. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was found to increase with the increase of salt concentration and then decreased after an optimum value. The highest conductivity achieved was S cm −1 at 25 wt% of LiBF 4 .
Structural Basis for the Inactivation of Thermus thermophilus Proline Dehydrogenase by <i>N-</i>Propargylglycine<sup>,</sup> (2008)

The flavoenzyme proline dehydrogenase catalyzes the first step of proline catabolism, the oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate. Here we report the first crystal structure of an irreversibly inactivated proline dehydrogenase. The 1.9 A resolution structure of Thermus thermophilus proline dehydrogenase inactivated by the mechanism-based inhibitor N-propargylglycine shows that N5 of the flavin cofactor is covalently connected to the -amino group of Lys99 via a three-carbon linkage, consistent with the mass spectral analysis of the inactivated enzyme. The isoalloxazine ring has a butterfly angle of 25 degrees , which suggests that the flavin cofactor is reduced. Two mechanisms can account for these observations. In both, N-propargylglycine is oxidized to N-propargyliminoglycine. In one mechanism, this alpha,beta-unsaturated iminium compound is attacked by the N5 atom of the now reduced flavin to produce a 1,4-addition product. Schiff base formation between Lys99 and the imine of the 1,4-addition product releases glycine and links the enzyme to the modified flavin. In the second mechanism, hydrolysis of N-propargyliminoglycine yields propynal and glycine. A 1,4-addition reaction with propynal coupled with Schiff base formation between Lys99 and the carbonyl group tethers the enzyme to the flavin via a three-carbon chain. The presumed nonenzymatic hydrolysis of N-propargyliminoglycine and the subsequent rebinding of propynal to the enzyme make the latter mechanism less likely.
Theory of gradient coil design methods for magnetic resonance imaging (2010)

Abstract The process to produce an MR image includes nuclear alignment, RF excitation, spatial encoding, and image formation. In simple terms, an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system consists of five major components: a magnet, gradient systems, an RF coil system, a receiver, and a computer system. To form an image, it is necessary to perform spatial localization of the MR signals, which is achieved using gradient coils. In modern MRI, gradient coils able to generate high gradient strengths and slew rates are required to produce high imaging speeds and improved image quality. MRI also requires the use of gradient coils that generate magnetic fields, which vary linearly with position over the imaging volume. Gradient coils for MRI must therefore have high current efficiency (defined as the ratio of gradient generated to current drawn), short switching time (i.e., low inductance), gradient linearity over a large volume, low power consumption, and minimal interaction with any other equipment, which would otherwise result in eddy currents. Over the last two decades new methods of gradient coil design have been developed, and a combination of these methods can be a mixture of them trying to avoid discomforts to patients that at the end is the center of all the technological efforts in the art of MRI. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 36A: 223–242, 2010.
Coordinated roles of ST3Gal-VI and ST3Gal-IV sialyltransferases in the synthesis of selectin ligands (2012)

Binding of selectins to their glycan ligands is a prerequisite for successful leukocyte trafficking. During synthesis and transport through the secretory pathway, selectin ligands are constructed with the participation of one or more sialyltransferases of the ST3Gal subfamily. Previous studies established that ST3Gal-IV only partially contributes to selectin ligand formation, indicating that other ST3Gal-sialyltransferases are involved. By generating and analyzing St3gal6-null mice and St3gal4/St3gal6 double-deficient mice, in the present study, we found that binding of E- and P-selectin to neutrophils and L-selectin binding to lymph node high endothelial venules is reduced in the absence of ST3Gal-VI and to a greater extent in double-deficient mice. In an ex vivo flow chamber assay, P- and E-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling was mildly reduced in St3gal6-null mice and more severely in double-deficient mice. In inflamed cremaster muscle venules of St3gal6-null mice, we found impaired P-selectin-dependent, but not E-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling, whereas in double-deficient mice, E-selectin-dependent rolling was almost completely absent. Furthermore, neutrophil recruitment into the inflamed peritoneal cavity and lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs were impaired in St3gal6-null mice and more severely in double-deficient mice. The results of the present study demonstrate the coordinated participation of both ST3Gal-VI and ST3Gal-IV in the synthesis of functional selectin ligands.
Durable Goods and the Business Cycle (2010)

Spending on durable goods tends to be more cyclical than spending on non-durable goods and services as it can be more readily postponed in times of economic weakness. During the recent global economic slowdown, the decline in durable goods spending was a key transmission mechanism of the uncertainty associated with the global financial crisis to the broader economy, as households and businesses delayed purchases of durable goods.
Link Management Protocol Automatic Control Plane Configuration Extensions for Resilient Ring-based Architectures (2006)

The GMPLS paradigm pleads for a control plane clearly separated from the data plane. Decoupling control plane from the data one provides several benefits, allowing signaling information not to be disrupted upon transport plane failures. Moreover, control plane protection mechanisms are not linked with the ones used in the transport plane, which permits to protect control information with improved efficiency. Link management protocol (LMP) is presented as the best candidate to provide control channel failure detection capabilities in the GMPLS-based control plane. However, it requires the manual configuration of control channel remote IP addresses. In this paper we propose novel control channel bootstrap procedures which are compared with alternative existing ones in terms of their requirements and achieved performance. Moreover, we propose extensions to LMP Config and ConfigAck messages to allow the bootstrap of related backup control channels when bootstrapping the working ones configuring an efficient link protection scheme. The feasibility and performance of our contributions has been evaluated over the experimental ASON/GMPLS CARISMA network control plane
Intravenously administered gold nanoparticles pass through the blood–retinal barrier depending on the particle size, and induce no retinal toxicity (2009)

The retina maintains homeostasis through the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Although it is ideal to deliver the drug to the retina via systemic administration, it is still challenging due to the BRB strictly regulating permeation from blood to the retina. Herein, we demonstrated that intravenously administered gold nanoparticles could pass through the BRB and are distributed in all retinal layers without cytotoxicity. After intravenous injection of gold nanoparticles into C57BL/6 mice, 100 nm nanoparticles were not detected in the retina whereas 20 nm nanoparticles passed through the BRB and were distributed in all retinal layers. 20 nm nanoparticles in the retina were observed in neurons (75 +/- 5%), endothelial cells (17 +/- 6%) and peri-endothelial glial cells (8 +/- 3%), where nanoparticles were bound on the membrane. In the retina, cells containing nanoparticles did not show any structural abnormality and increase of cell death compared to cells without nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles never affected the viability of retinal endothelial cells, astrocytes and retinoblastoma cells. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles never led to any change in expression of representative biological molecules including zonula occludens-1 and glut-1 in retinal endothelial cells, neurofilaments in differentiated retinoblastoma cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein in astrocytes. Therefore, our data suggests that small gold nanoparticles (20 nm) could be an alternative for drug delivery across the BRB, which could be safely applied in vivo.
Maintenance of adenomatous polyposis coli ( <i>APC</i> )-mutant colorectal cancer is dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling (2011)

Persistent expression of certain oncogenes is required for tumor maintenance. This phenotype is referred to as oncogene addiction and has been clinically validated by anticancer therapies that specifically inhibit oncoproteins such as BCR-ABL, c-Kit, HER2, PDGFR, and EGFR. Identifying additional genes that are required for tumor maintenance may lead to new targets for anticancer drugs. Although the role of aberrant Wnt pathway activation in the initiation of colorectal cancer has been clearly established, it remains unclear whether sustained Wnt pathway activation is required for colorectal tumor maintenance. To address this question, we used inducible β-catenin shRNAs to temporally control Wnt pathway activation in vivo. Here, we show that active Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for maintenance of colorectal tumor xenografts harboring APC mutations. Reduced tumor growth upon β-catenin inhibition was due to cell cycle arrest and differentiation. Upon reactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway colorectal cancer cells resumed proliferation and reacquired a crypt progenitor phenotype. In human colonic adenocarcinomas, high levels of nuclear β-catenin correlated with crypt progenitor but not differentiation markers, suggesting that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may also control colorectal tumor cell fate during the maintenance phase of tumors in patients. These results support efforts to treat human colorectal cancer by pharmacological inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Low voltage techniques (1978)

Techniques for the design of linear ICs, capable of operating from a single nickel-cadmium cell (> 1.1V) will be presented. Results can be achieved without compromising performance or operation at higher voltages. Emphasis will be on micropower, though not at the expense of output drive.
Effects of Limonene on the PAHs Mutagenicity Risk in Roasted Fish Skin (2018)

Traditional edible barbecue products use with lemon juice not only makes the barbecue more delicious but also reduces the risk of PAHs in the barbecue products. One of the major economics crops in Taiwan, the waste from citrus fruits was very tremendous mass. However, the peelings of citrus fruits are rich in essential oil, especially, the limonene is the major. Whether the anti-carcinogenesis activities of terpene, such as limonene, in citrus fruits essential oil extraction. This study to demonstrate the PAHs content in fish skin increased markedly after being roasted at 210°C for 20 minutes and greater Mutagenicity Risk of roasted fish skin was observed by Ame's test. The reduction of Mutagenicity Risk of roasted fish skin, which the anti-mutagenic abilities of substances in descending order were limonene>cold pressure oil>lemon>grapefruit. The anti-mutagenicity rate and ability of the three extracts were limonene: 18%-23%; cold-pressed lemon oil: 18%-22%; and steam distilled lemon essential oil: 8%-16%. The obvious anti- mutagenicity effects against the PAHs mutagenicity of roasted fish skins can be found in citrus fruits essential oil extraction.
Treatment of Combined Dairy and Domestic Wastewater with Constructed Wetland System in Sicily (Italy). Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Effect of Vegetation (2021)

Dairy wastewater (DWW) contains large amounts of mineral and organic compounds, which can accumulate in soil and water causing serious environmental pollution. A constructed wetland (CW) is a sustainable technology for the treatment of DWW in small-medium sized farms. This paper reports a two-year study on the performance of a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system for DWW treatment in Sicily (Italy). The CW system covered a total surface area of 100 m2 and treated approximately 6 m3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm, subsequent to biological treatment. Removal efficiency (RE) of the system was calculated. The biomass production of two emergent macrophytes was determined and the effect of plant growth on organic pollutant RE was recorded. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. For BOD5 and COD, RE values were 76.00% and 62.00%, respectively. RE for total nitrogen (50.70%) was lower than that of organic compounds. RE levels of microbiological parameters were found to be higher than 80.00%. Giant reed produced greater biomass than umbrella sedge. A seasonal variation in RE of organic pollutants was recorded due to plant growth rate Our findings highlight the efficient use of a CW system for DWW treatment in dairy-cattle farms.
TUKAN-an 8K pulse height analyzer and multi-channel scaler with a PCI or a USB interface (2006)

In this paper we present two types of 8K-channel analyzers designed for spectroscopy and intensity versus time measurements. The first type (Tukan-8K-PCI) incorporates a PCI interface and is designed to be plugged into a PCI slot of a normal PC. The second type (Tukan-8K-USB) incorporates a USB interface. It is mounted in a separate screened box and can be powered either directly from the USB port or from an external dc source (wall adapter or battery). Each type of device may operate in either of two independent operational modes: Multi Channel Analysis (MCA) and Multi-Channel Scaling (MCS). The most crucial component for the MCA mode-the Peak Detect and Hold circuit-is featuring a novel architecture based on a diamond transistor. Its analog stage can accept analog pulses with rise times as short as 100 ns and has a differential linearity below 1% with sliding scale averaging over the full scale. The functionality includes automatic stop on a programmable count in the Region-Of-Interest (ROI) and on preset live- or real time. The MCS mode works at medium counting rates of up to 8 MHz. The dwell time, the number of channels and single or multi-sweep mode may be preset. Each of these parameters can also be controlled externally via four user configurable logical I/O lines. A single Altera FLEX 10KE30 FPGA provides all control functions and incorporates PCI interface. The USB interface is based on FTDI FIFO controller. Advanced and user-friendly software has been developed for the analyzer.
Anaerobiospirillum, a New Genus of Spiral-Shaped Bacteria (1976)

Three strains of an anaerobic spiral-shaped bacterium that possessed tufts of bipolar flagella were isolated from beagle dogs. The organisms are gram negative and saccharolytic and produce mainly acetic and succinic acids from glucose. The cells of these strains do not contain spores or axial fibrils. The isolates do not fit any described genus or species of anaerobic spiral-shaped bacteria. The generic name Anaerobiospirillum gen. nov. is proposed for the isolates; at present, the genus contains only one species, the type species Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens sp. nov. A. succinciproducens strain S411 (= ATCC 29305) is designated as the type strain of the species. The guanine plus cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of the type strain is 44 mol%.
Ultrasensitive femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for relaxation processes by using parametric amplification (2007)

We report the gain factor, detection limit, and linearity of a femtosecond time-resolved spectrometer for ultraweak fluorescence based on a 400 nm pumped femtosecond noncollinear optical parametric amplifier. By employing the parametric fluorescence amplifier, the time-resolved fluorescence spectra of Rhodamine 6G dye in ethanol was measured. It is proved that a good spectral fidelity has been achieved in the measurement of fluorescence spectra with this technique. The measured gain factor of this parametric fluorescence amplifier is found to be ∼1.2×106, and the detection limit is 5.1 aJ per pulse, corresponding to 15 fluorescence photons at 580 nm. With this technique, we have acquired the transient fluorescence spectra as well as the fluorescence decay profile of CdSxSe1−x(x=0.78) nanobelts. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique as an ultrasensitive time-resolved fluorescence spectrometer.