gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Measurement of Calf Resistivity in Hemodialysis Patients using Bioimpedance Analysis (2006)

This study demonstrates a technique to measure electrical resistivity of the calf in hemodialysis (HD) patients during HD treatment. To continuously monitor and calculate resistivity, a model of calf volume based on its geometrical size and measurement of its electrical resistance has been developed. The model makes it possible to continuously estimate reduction of the calf circumference during HD. Seventeen HD patients were studied during HD using a multi-frequency bioimpedance device (Xitron 4200). Circumference of the calf was measured by a measuring tape pre- and post- HD for each treatment. Results showed a high correlation between measurement and calculation circumference in post HD (r(2)=0.985). Further, the value of resistivity normalized by body mass index (BMI) provides information about patients' hydration state in comparison to those in healthy subjects. This technique is useful for identifying the range of optimal hydration states for HD patients.
Catalyzed Hydrogen Spillover for Hydrogen Storage (2009)

A crucial bottleneck in developing a hydrogen economy is hydrogen storage. This is particularly true for transportation using hydrogen as the fuel for fuel cells. The U.S. Department of Energy has established specific R&D targets for on-board hydrogen storage. Among the most important targets are system gravimetric/volumetric capacities and charge/discharge rates. New sorbent materials based on hydrogen spillover have shown much promise recently. However, the rates of spillover are low and remain a major concern. Here it is shown that doping with 2 wt % TiCl(3) or VCl(3) can significantly increase the rates of both adsorption and desorption by spillover. Moreover, the small hysteresis loop in the hydrogen isotherms for the spillover system is eliminated upon doping with the metal salt. Both heats of adsorption and activation energies for spillover are decreased by doping with TiCl(3) or VCl(3). This result indicates that the binding energies between the spilled-over hydrogen and the sites on the carbon surface are decreased by doping.
Tutorial on Raman and Cladding-Pumped Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers (2005)

Summary form only given, as follows. Due to its versatility, Raman amplification is certain to play an ever increasing role in optical communication systems. In this tutorial, we will review the fundamentals of Raman amplification in optical fibers. The issues of conversion efficiency, noise, and pump sources will be discussed. The evolution of Raman amplifiers, discrete and distributed, and recent experimental results will be described.
Improvements in the Current Carrying Capacity in High-T<sub>c</sub> BiSrCaCuO Superconductors (1988)

Remarkable improvements in the critical current density of the BiSrCaCuO sintered specimens have been achieved by a modified combination of heat treatment and pressing. The disk-shaped specimens were pressed uniaxially at room temperature after an initial sintering treatment and heated again at the same sintering temperature. This intermediate pressing method has produced a strongly oriented microstructure with a remarkably large critical current density. Correlation between microstructure and the critical current density, J c , as well as anisotropy of the J c with respect to the magnetic field direction has been described.
A novel anti-islanding detection algorithm for three-phase distributed generation systems (2012)

This paper presents a novel anti-islanding (AI) detection algorithm for three-phase (3Φ) grid-interface converters in distributed generation systems. A generic phase-locked loop (PLL) model by considering the converter interaction with grid is proposed. And the frequency positive-feedback mechanism is proposed to predict the frequency behavior of the grid-interface converter system, especially under the islanded condition. Many of the frequency-related behaviors can be well explained and the crucial system parameters, which impact the PLL stability and non-detection zone (NDZ), can be also quantified by the proposed model. Based on the model, a novel anti-islanding detection algorithm based on the frequency stability is proposed to effectively detect the islanding event under the worst loading condition, achieving ideally a zero NDZ. The proposed algorithm features a small impact to the converter system operation as well as a easy implementation.
Enhanced Resolving Power by Moving Field Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2020)

Ion mobility spectrometry is a powerful detection method widely used in various applications. Particularly in field applications, ion mobility spectrometers (IMSs) are useful because of their extremely low detection limits at short measuring periods and their compact and robust design. However, especially small IMSs suffer from the consequences of low resolving power when compared to laboratory systems. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new approach to increase the resolving power of a drift time IMS without employing higher drift voltages and bulky power supplies. The so-called moving field IMS (MOF-IMS) presented here allows a more effective use of the available voltage because of a segmented drift region where only a small part is supplied with voltage. Even with the basic version of an MOF-IMS presented here, it was possible to increase the resolving power by 60% from 60 to 95 without increasing the required drift voltage.
Improvement in electrical synchrony during bi-ventricular vs. left ventricular pacing with dynamic atrioventricular delays may be predicted by conduction times (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Abbott Introduction Automatic adjustment of atrioventricular delay (AVD) with SyncAV has been shown to improve electrical synchrony with either biventricular (BiV) or left ventricular (LV) only pacing. Selecting the optimal pacing mode may be guided by measuring conduction delays between the right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), and LV. Purpose Evaluate correlations between inter-chamber conduction delays and the QRS duration (QRSd) reduction achieved by BiV or LV-only pacing with SyncAV. Methods CRT implant patients (LBBB, QRSd ≥ 150 ms) were prospectively enrolled. Blinded QRSd was measured from 12-lead ECG during BiV and LV-only pacing, with SyncAV enabled and optimized to minimize QRSd. Conduction delays were measured by the device from unipolar electrograms during pacing and sensing (e.g. RAp-RVs). Correlations between each delay and which mode had the narrower QRSd was assessed by binomial regression. Results In total, 68 patients were evaluated (66.1 yr, 67.1% male, 32.5% ischemic, 26.3% EF, 165.1 ms intrinsic QRSd). BiV+SyncAV and LV+SyncAV reduced QRSd by 23.8% and 21.3% (P&lt;0.001) vs. intrinsic conduction. Of all delays, RVs-LVs and LVp-RVs were significantly correlated with patient probability of BiV+SyncAV yielding a narrower QRSd than LV+SyncAV. BiV+SyncAV was favored in 70.6% (48/68) of all patients, but was favored in 92.3% (24/26) of patients with LVp-RVs &lt; median (143 ms) (P=0.030 vs all). Conclusion When combined with SyncAV, BiV yielded a narrower QRSd than LV-only in the majority of patients, but was favored in a greater proportion who exhibit LVp-RVs delays below the median. Such conduction delay cut-offs can be used to facilitate pacing mode selection.
Novel Bromotyrosine Alkaloids:  Inhibitors of Mycothiol <i>S</i>-Conjugate Amidase (2001)

The novel alkaloids 1 and 4 were isolated from an Australian non-verongid sponge, Oceanapia sp. Compound 1 contains an unprecedented imidazolyl-quinolinone substructure attached to a bromotyrosine-derived spiro-isoxazoline. Three other known alkaloids were isolated in addition to 1 and 4 and together represent the first examples of inhibitors of a new mycobacterial enzyme mycothiol S-conjugate amidase (MCA).
Hair Follicle Neogenesis Induced by Cultured Human Scalp Dermal Papilla Cells (2009)

A process for the propagation of human DP cells has been developed that provides significant expansion of cells and maintenance of their hair-inductive capability, overcoming a major technical obstacle in the development of follicular cell implantation as a treatment for hair loss.
Attosecond Nonlinear Optics in Plasmas for Coherent X-ray Generation (2007)

The process of high‐order harmonic generation (HHG) can be used to generate bright, coherent beams of light in the extreme‐ultraviolet and soft x‐ray region of the spectrum by upconverting intense femtosecond pulses to very short wavelengths. These high‐order harmonics result from ionization of the gas used as a nonlinear medium; thus, a full understanding of the process involves incorporating atomic physics, quantum dynamics, and plasma physics into an already non‐trivial nonlinear optics problem. In the past several years, we have developed a new technology of “extreme” nonlinear optics that uses the rich, attosecond time‐scale physics of the process in novel ways to manipulate the characteristics of this source, improving both the flux and the spectral characteristics. Most recently, we have (1) demonstrated that quasi phase matching of the high‐order harmonic conversion process can be accomplished by the use of weak counterpropagating pulse trains that modulate the conversion process, constituting a nonlinear‐optical “crystal” made of light; and (2) we have demonstrated that high‐order harmonics can be generated by ionization of ions in a guided‐wave geometry, using a discharge‐created plasma waveguide to pre‐ionize the gas and form a guiding electron density profile.
Improved sparse coding using manifold projections (2011)

Sparse representations using predefined and learned dictionaries have widespread applications in signal and image processing. Sparse approximation techniques can be used to recover data from its low dimensional corrupted observations, based on the knowledge that the data is sparsely representable using a known dictionary. In this paper, we propose a method to improve data recovery by ensuring that the data recovered using sparse approximation is close its manifold. This is achieved by performing regularization using examples from the data manifold. This technique is particularly useful when the observations are highly reduced in dimensions when compared to the data and corrupted with high noise. Using an example application of image inpainting, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a reduction in reconstruction error in comparison to using only sparse coding with predefined and learned dictionaries, when the percentage of missing pixels is high.
Sensorless start-up of soft starter driven line-start PMSM based on back EMF measurement (2017)

This paper presents a sensorless starting procedure for a soft starter driven IE4 direct on line permanent magnet motor (PMSM). After determining the initial position of the motor using a pulsating current space vector, the motor is started from standstill by the soft starter from a known position. The following firing angles can be calculated based on the measured back-emf voltage of the motor. The influence of the damper cage on the transformation angle and torque calculation is investigated in detail. Simulation and measurement results indicate the potential performance of this starting procedure.
Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoroalanine and [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorotamoxifen for Imaging Breast Tumors (1993)

To develop ligands for imaging breast tumors, [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen and [18F]fluoroalanine were radiosynthesized. In vivo biodistribution studies were performed in mammary tumor-bearing rats. In studies on the biodistribution of an [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen, tumor uptake decreased when rats were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), suggesting that tracer uptake in tumors was receptor-mediated. An estrogen receptor assay indicated that tumors have a receptor density of 7.5 fmol/mg protein. Studies of the distribution of [18F]fluoroalanine in tissue showed that the tumor-to-tissue ratio increases as a function of time. Positron emission tomography (PET) images of tumor-bearing rats demonstrated that tumors can be visualized 1 h after rats are injected with an [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen. PET imaging of pigs after injection of 10 mCi of [18F]fluoro analogue of tamoxifen showed uterine uptake that could be blocked by DES (50 mg). The findings suggest that both radiotracers are useful for imaging breast tumors.
Custom Multiwell Plate Design for Rapid Assembly of Photopatterned Hydrogels (2016)

The extracellular matrix provides both mechanical support and biochemical cues that influence cellular behavior. Matrix stiffness, in particular, has been found to regulate cellular morphology, motility, proliferation, differentiation, and drug responses among other behaviors. Thus, biomaterial platforms that exhibit wide range of stiffness and are available in a semi high-throughput format such as a multiwell plate would be useful for elucidating cell-substrate relationships. Polyacrylamide (PA) gels have been widely used as cell platforms since they span a range of stiffness between 0.3 and 300 kPa in Young's modulus, which encompasses all soft tissues. However, PA gels are time consuming and labor intensive to prepare, and are not amenable to a multiwell plate format. In this study, we present a novel custom multiwell plate design that allows for a one-step stiffness assay assembly that reduces preparation time and labor intensity by several fold. Gel stiffness is controlled by ultraviolet light intensity and exposure time to achieve a wide stiffness range from a single gel precursor solution. The geometry of the gels is defined by a custom photomask and gel thickness is controlled by spacers. A multiwell plate upper structure is designed similar to a regular multiwell plate such that a gel fits in each well and cells and media are added on top. The upper structure design allows for adequate gas exchange and minimum evaporation. Comparison between cell behaviors seeded in the custom and a standard multiwell plate demonstrated the suitability of the design as a cell culture platform. In summary, we describe and validate a novel custom design for an easy and rapid assembly of photopolymerizable PA-based stiffness assay.
Adaptive comb-type filtering method for stripe noise removal in infrared images (2019)

Occasionally, stripe noise infiltrates infrared images during acquisition, causing the image quality to severely deteriorate and affecting subsequent image analysis. To remove stripe noise, an adaptive comb-type notch filtering method is proposed, and a spatial mathematical stripe noise model and the comb-like impulse spectrum characteristics of stripe noise are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that when periodic stripe noise consists of only intact stripes, the amplitude spectrum of the periodic stripe noise is an ideal impulse comb spectrum, and the noise frequency energy is concentrated; by contrast, when the periodic stripe noise contains incomplete stripes, spectral leakage occurs, and the noise frequency energy spreads to all frequencies. On this basis, optimal methods of estimating the stripe width and the size of the subimages to be processed are also presented. First, we crop the original image into two subimages of the optimal size to focus the comb-like impulse spectrum characteristics of the stripe noise, thereby enabling easier removal of the stripe noise patterns in the subimages. Then we detect the peaks in the amplitude spectra of the subimages based on the characteristics of the comb-like impulse spectrum and eliminate those peaks using an adaptive comb-type notch filter. Finally, we fuse the two filtered subimages into a final image. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a good effect in removing stripe noise from infrared images.
Cellulose Nanofibril/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Aerogels for Highly Flexible and All-Solid-State Supercapacitors (2015)

A novel type of highly flexible and all-solid-state supercapacitor that uses cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid aerogels as electrodes and H2SO4/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel as the electrolyte was developed and is reported here. These flexible solid-state supercapacitors were fabricated without any binders, current collectors, or electroactive additives. Because of the porous structure of the CNF/RGO/CNT aerogel electrodes and the excellent electrolyte absorption properties of the CNFs present in the aerogel electrodes, the resulting flexible supercapacitors exhibited a high specific capacitance (i.e., 252 F g(-1) at a discharge current density of 0.5 A g(-1)) and a remarkable cycle stability (i.e., more than 99.5% of the capacitance was retained after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A g(-1)). Furthermore, the supercapacitors also showed extremely high areal capacitance, areal power density, and energy density (i.e., 216 mF cm(-2), 9.5 mW cm(-2), and 28.4 μWh cm(-2), respectively). In light of its excellent electrical performance, low cost, ease of large-scale manufacturing, and environmental friendliness, the CNF/RGO/CNT aerogel electrodes may have a promising application in the development of flexible energy-storage devices.
BRB: Mitigating Branch Predictor Side-Channels (2019)

Modern processors use branch prediction as an optimization to improve processor performance. Predictors have become larger and increasingly more sophisticated in order to achieve higher accuracies which are needed in high performance cores. However, branch prediction can also be a source of side channel exploits, as one context can deliberately change the branch predictor state and alter the instruction flow of another context. Current mitigation techniques either sacrifice performance for security, or fail to guarantee isolation when retaining the accuracy. Achieving both has proven to be challenging. In this work we address this by, (1) introducing the notions of steady-state and transient branch predictor accuracy, and (2) showing that current predictors increase their misprediction rate by as much as 90% on average when forced to flush branch prediction state to remain secure. To solve this, (3) we introduce the branch retention buffer, a novel mechanism that partitions only the most useful branch predictor components to isolate separate contexts. Our mechanism makes thread isolation practical, as it stops the predictor from executing cold with little if any added area and no warm-up overheads. At the same time our results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art, average misprediction rates are reduced by 15-20% without increasing area, leading to a 2% performance increase.
Development of Chromium-Free Welding Consumables for Stainless Steels (2009)

Abstract : Stainless steel components are often joined by welding when fabricated into structures. Fusion welding of these steels results in the formation of carcinogenic Cr(VI) in the weld fumes as a result of the Cr content of the commonly used filler metals. This is a significant health hazard for the welders and necessitates protective gear or expensive ventilation systems to meet the stringent Permissible Exposure Limit for chromate set by OSHA. This project developed a Cr-free consumable for welding 304 austenitic stainless steel that provides mechanical properties and corrosion resistance comparable to the commonly used Cr-bearing consumables. A weld wire of composition Ni-7.5Cu-1Ru-0.5Ti worked well in gas metal arc and gas tungsten arc welding operations. For shielded metal arc welding, coated electrodes with cores wires of composition Ni-7.5Cu-4Ti-1Ru performed well. The performance characteristics of these welds were excellent, including mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Essentially no Cr was detected in the weld fume.
Mechanical Behavior Study of Bending and Compression of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (2020)

Abstract This study aims to provide new-type textile raw materials for the textile industry with pineapple leaf fiber as an example. The bending of pineapple leaf fiber and compressibility of fiber assemblies were tested with JXW03 single fiber compression bending tester and KES-G5 minitype compression apparatus respectively, to study the change rule of bending property of pineapple leaf fiber and represent the compression characteristic curve of fiber assemblies. The results indicate that the values of E B and R B of fiber roots are 6.43GPa and 294.59E-5cN·cm 2 , and that of the middle segment of fiber are 2.82GPa and 118.17E-5cN·cm 2 ; the mean values of R c , ΔT and L c of fiber roots are 57.73%, 4.33 mm and 0.46, and that of the middle segment of fiber are 62.20%, 4.65 mm and 0.43. Anova suggests that there exists highly significant difference in the sampling site in respect of equivalent bending modulus and flexural stiffness of fiber (P<0.01), no significant difference in respect of compressive mechanical indicators of fiber assemblies (P>0.05), the compression-restore curve of fiber roots and that of central assemblies are in the same shape, and they are similar in respect of compression recoverability, besides, the compression curve doesn’t coincide with restoration curve for fibers are of elasticity and viscosity concurrently.
A Versatile Spectrum Shaping Scheme for Communicating Beyond Notches in Multi-Drop Interfaces” (2016)

This paper proposes a signal shaping technique to increase the data rate of high-speed SerDes communication systems over multi-drop bus interfaces. This scenario creates a channel with deep notches in its spectrum, and therefore the effective data rate in conventional systems is directly affected by the frequency of the notch. Our method uses a special temporal coding scheme such that the input data stream has a notch at the same frequency as the notch in the channel. In this way, channel notch does not fully deteriorate the incoming data sequence and therefore the receiver can successfully decode the transmitted data stream. Using this approach, the communication rate over a channel with notch located at fnotch can be increased from fb << 2 fnotch (conventional NRZ), to fb = M fnotch (M >= 2).
Interleukin-2 Receptor: Structure, Function, and Expression (1986)

Diversity of antigen receptors is amplified by somatic genetic events such as recombination of DNA segments encoding portions of variable regions (Honjo 1983; Tonegawa 1983; Honjo and Habu 1985). Random genetic events create not only useful but also useless, and even harmful, receptors directed against self. Without a proper selection mechanism, such amplified immune diversity would be unable to contribute to our defense system efficiently. One of the important selection mechanisms for antigen receptors is antigen-specific clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. The physiological proliferation of T lymphocytes (T cells) requires specific interaction between interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its cell-surface receptor (Smith 1984). Antigenic stimulation of T cells induces temporal expression of the IL-2 receptor. Normal resting T cells, which do not express the IL-2 receptor, fail to receive the growth signal even in the presence of the humoral growth factor IL-2, indicating that regulated temporal expression of the IL-2 receptor provides the...
Cross-field injection, propagation, and energy deposition of intense ion beams with application to tokamak plasma heating (1977)

The recent availability of intense, space-charge-neutralized, energetic ion beams has led the authors to explore the possibility of using them for heating tokamak plasmas. The following key problems for this application are investigated: (i) beam injection perpendicular to , (ii) beam propagation across in vacuum, and (iii) cross-field beam propagation and energy deposition in plasma. It appears possible that, for proper values of the beam energy, radius and current, an intense ion beam can penetrate to the interior of a tokamak plasma and deposit its energy there.