gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfabricated BTU monitoring device for system-wide natural gas monitoring. (2005)

The natural gas industry seeks inexpensive sensors and instrumentation to rapidly measure gas heating value in widely distributed locations. For gas pipelines, this will improve gas quality during transfer and blending, and will expedite accurate financial accounting. Industrial endusers will benefit through continuous feedback of physical gas properties to improve combustion efficiency during use. To meet this need, Sandia has developed a natural gas heating value monitoring instrument using existing and modified microfabricated components. The instrument consists of a silicon micro-fabricated gas chromatography column in conjunction with a catalytic micro-calorimeter sensor. A reference thermal conductivity sensor provides diagnostics and surety. This combination allows for continuous calorimetric determination with a 1 minute analysis time and 1.5 minute cycle time using air as a carrier gas. This system will find application at remote natural gas mining stations, pipeline switching and metering stations, turbine generators, and other industrial user sites. Microfabrication techniques will allow the analytical components to be manufactured in production quantities at a low per-unit cost.
Halocidin: a new antimicrobial peptide from hemocytes of the solitary tunicate, <i>Halocynthia aurantium</i> (2002)

From hemocytes of the tunicate Halocynthia aurantium we purified a new antimicrobial peptide named halocidin. The native peptide had a mass of 3443 Da and comprised two different subunits containing 18 amino acid residues (WLNALLHHGLNCAKGVLA) and 15 residues (ALLHHGLNCAKGVLA), which were linked covalently by a single cystine disulfide bond. Two different monomers were separately synthesized and used to make three additional isoforms (15 residue homodimer, 18 residue homodimer, heterodimer). In antimicrobial assays performed with synthetic peptides of halocidin, it was confirmed that congeners of the 18 residue monomer were more active than those of the 15 residue monomer against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Additive noise removal by sparse reconstruction on image affinity nets (2012)

This paper presents a new image denoising method based on sparse reconstruction by dictionary learning and collaborative filtering. First, we form an affinity net, in which a node represents an image patch, for the given image by clustering similar patches. For each cluster, we learn an undercomplete dictionary and represent clusters nodes by imposing sparsity inducing norm as a combination of few atoms. Depending on its affinity to other nodes, a single node could be present in multiple clusters making the clusters overlapping. This enables a single global estimation for each filtered pixel to be obtained by collaboratively aggregating its reconstructed patches in the corresponding clusters. Extensive experimental results demonstrate superior performance for additive noise removal without requiring the correct noise variance.
Development of New Immunologic Approaches to Cancer Therapy (1988)

New approaches to the immunotherapy of cancer have been developed based on the adoptive transfer of activated lymphoid cells in conjunction with interleukin-2. This approach is successful in mediating the regression of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases in experimental animal models. The results of preliminary clinical trials in patients with advanced cancer have shown that this treatment approach is capable of mediating regression of cancer in humans as well.
Novel optical frequency domain reflectometry with measurement range beyond laser coherence length realized using concatenatively generated reference signal (2007)

We have developed a novel optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) technique with a measurement range beyond the laser coherence length by using concatenatively generated reference signal from an auxiliary interferometer.
Automatic Image Cropping using Visual Composition, Boundary Simplicity and Content Preservation Models (2014)

Cropping is one of the most common tasks in image editing for improving the aesthetic quality of a photograph. In this paper, we propose a new, aesthetic photo cropping system which combines three models: visual composition, boundary simplicity, and content preservation. The visual composition model measures the quality of composition for a given crop. Instead of manually defining rules or score functions for composition, we learn the model from a large set of well-composed images via discriminative classifier training. The boundary simplicity model measures the clearness of the crop boundary to avoid object cutting-through. The content preservation model computes the amount of salient information kept in the crop to avoid excluding important content. By assigning a hard lower bound constraint on the content preservation and linearly combining the scores from the visual composition and boundary simplicity models, the resulting system achieves significant improvement over recent cropping methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
Thin films of Y-Ba-Cu-O on silicon and silicon dioxide (1988)

Thin films of the high-temperature superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O near the 1:2:3 stoichiometry were deposited on single-crystal silicon and oxidized silicon with a zirconia buffer layer. Zero-resistance transition temperatures up to 83 K have been measured on the films formed by a process of sequential evaporation and furnace annealing.
Porcine Circovirus 2–Associated Disease in Eurasian Wild Boar (2003)

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was first identified in high-health herds of domestic swine and was associated with a debilitating disease called postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Most subsequent studies have indicated that PCV2 infects only swine but there is little information on porcids other than improved breeds of domestic swine. Multisystemic disease was reported in a group of Eurasian wild boars raised under free-range conditions. Affected young pigs had pneumonia and enteritis and were cachectic. Porcine circovirus 2 was identified in affected tissue by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and a PCV2-like virus was isolated from pooled organs. The open reading frame (ORF2) of the isolated PCV2 had a 98.7% homology with the ORF2 of a reference PCV2 isolate. These diagnostic data indicate that PCV2 can infect and cause disease in Sus scrofa subspecies other than domestic swine.
Blind identification of the aortic pressure waveform from multiple peripheral artery pressure waveforms (2007)

We have developed a new technique to estimate the clinically relevant aortic pressure waveform from multiple, less invasively measured peripheral artery pressure waveforms. The technique is based on multichannel blind system identification in which two or more measured outputs (peripheral artery pressure waveforms) of a single-input, multi-output system (arterial tree) are mathematically analyzed so as to reconstruct the common unobserved input (aortic pressure waveform) to within an arbitrary scale factor. The technique then invokes Poiseuille's law to calibrate the reconstructed waveform to absolute pressure. Consequently, in contrast to previous related efforts, the technique does not utilize a generalized transfer function or any training data and is therefore entirely patient and time specific. To demonstrate proof of concept, we have evaluated the technique with respect to four swine in which peripheral artery pressure waveforms from the femoral and radial arteries and a reference aortic pressure waveform from the descending thoracic aorta were simultaneously measured during diverse hemodynamic interventions. We report that the technique reliably estimated the entire aortic pressure waveform with an overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 4.6 mmHg. For comparison, the average overall RMSE between the peripheral artery pressure and reference aortic pressure waveforms was 8.6 mmHg. Thus the technique reduced the RMSE by 47%. As a result, the technique also provided similar improvements in the estimation of systolic pressure, pulse pressure, and the ejection interval. With further successful testing, the technique may ultimately be employed for more precise monitoring and titration of therapy in, for example, critically ill and hypertension patients.
DOT SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT BASED ON EVALUATION OF GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IN MEASURING CONCRETE COVER (REINFORCEMENT DEPTH) ON NEW BRIDGE DECK CONSTRUCTION (2000)

Concrete cover, an important parameter affecting the protection of reinforcing steel in a structure, allows the alkaline nature of cement to act as a barrier to the corrosion process. New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) designed a method to investigate the effectiveness of a high-resolution, ground-coupled Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system for accurately measuring concrete cover depth, which helps assess the quality of new bridge deck construction. Based on the results of its one-year evaluation, NHDOT modified its quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) specifications to require bridge deck cover measurement using this new technology on all new construction. Contractor pay factor associated with deck cover measurements is determined by GPR measurement results. One GPR profile is collected in each lane for all sections of the bridge deck. A compact 1.5 GHz ground-coupled sensor (antenna), controlled by a data acquisition unit, collects radar scans at 0.33 in. (8.38 mm) intervals along each profile. Raw data are transferred to a laptop and quickly reviewed to select a single calibration hole location. A core is drilled to the top of the bar and its depth is measured relative to the concrete surface. The bar location and depth is entered into the data processing software program. Now calibrated, the software automatically determines individual bar depth, mean cover depth, and standard deviation of all bar depths within the scan path. These values are output to an ASCII file for reporting. Initial comparisons of GPR and pachometer (hand-held rebar depth indicator) measurements over a series of newly constructed decks determined accuracy and repeatability of each technology. Verification holes drilled into the deck (ground-truth measurements) were used for reference. Both technologies were also spot-checked to compare for measurement repeatability. Based on initial evaluation of a handful of bridge decks, NHDOT decided to continue investigating the new GPR tool. Afterward, NHDOT modified its QC/QA cover specification, replacing pachometer measurement of deck concrete cover with GPR. Temporary, then permanent, phase-in of the revised NHDOT specification for QC/QA cover allowed contractors time to adjust to this new technology. Given NHDOT's positive results with GPR, other DOTs have decided to evaluate its potential.
Characterization of the T‐cell epitopes of a major peanut allergen, Ara h 2 (2004)

Two highly immunogenic T-cell reactive regions of Ara h 2 have been identified, Ara h 2 (19-47) and Ara h 2 (73-119), providing scope for the development of safe forms of immunotherapy for peanut allergy.
A novel optical sensor for the measurement of furfuraldehyde in transformer oil (1998)

Measuring the concentration of furfuraldehyde (FFA) within oil samples taken periodically from power transformers is usually carried out as a means of condition monitoring. Normally, laboratory-based techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography are applied for this measurement. We report the construction of a novel optoelectronic sensor for the determination of FFA in transformer oils to concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm. The sensor will form the basis of a compact and portable instrument that can be used by a nonspecialist operator to determine, on-site, the concentration of FFA in oil extracted from the transformer.
Redox-based reagents for chemoselective methionine bioconjugation (2017)

Cysteine can be specifically functionalized by a myriad of acid-base conjugation strategies for applications ranging from probing protein function to antibody-drug conjugates and proteomics. In contrast, selective ligation to the other sulfur-containing amino acid, methionine, has been precluded by its intrinsically weaker nucleophilicity. Here, we report a strategy for chemoselective methionine bioconjugation through redox reactivity, using oxaziridine-based reagents to achieve highly selective, rapid, and robust methionine labeling under a range of biocompatible reaction conditions. We highlight the broad utility of this conjugation method to enable precise addition of payloads to proteins, synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates, and identification of hyperreactive methionine residues in whole proteomes.
A Multiple-Pathogen System for Bioherbicidal Control of Several Weeds (2003)

A novel system using four host-specific fungal plant pathogens applied in a single, postemergent spray to control pigweed, sicklepod, and showy crotalaria was tested under greenhouse conditions. The four pathogens were Phomopsis amaranthicola (a pathogen of pigweed species), Alternaria cassiae (a pathogen of sicklepod and showy crotalaria), Colletotrichum dematium f. sp. crotalariae and Fusarium udum f. sp. crotalariae (pathogens of showy crotalaria). Spore suspensions of each pathogen alone (106 spores mL−1) or a mixture of the four pathogens (1:1:1:1, v/v, 2.5×105 spores mL−1 of each pathogen, total 106 spores mL−1) were tested on four- to six-leaf stage seedlings of the three weed species grown together in pots. One week after inoculation (WAI), all sicklepod and showy crotalaria seedlings were killed, and all pigweed seedlings were killed by 6 WAI when inoculated with their respective pathogen(s) alone or a mixture of the pathogens. None of the weeds inoculated with the root-infecting pathogen F. udum developed wilt disease by the time the experiment was completed (6WAI). The results demonstrate the feasibility to control three weeds simultaneously with different fungi without loss of efficacy or alterations in host-specificity of each fungus in the given mixture. Scanning electron microscopy showed visual differences in the appearance or germination and further development of conidia of each pathogen on its respective host leaf surface compared to nonhost leaf surfaces, whether the pathogen was applied alone or in a mixture with the other pathogens studied. Application of several host-specific fungal pathogens in a bioherbicide mixture as a multi-component bioherbicide system may be advantageous for further development of simultaneous, broad-spectrum weed control.
Residual sign prediction in transform domain for next-generation video coding (2019)

vasily rufitskiy 1 , alexander karabutov
Mechanisms of Symmetry Breaking in a Multidimensional Flashing Particle Ratchet (2017)

Ratcheting is a mechanism that produces directional transport of particles by rectifying nondirectional energy using local asymmetries rather than a net bias in the direction of transport. In a flashing ratchet, an oscillating force (here, an AC field) is applied perpendicular to the direction of transport. In an effort to explore the properties of current experimentally realizable ratchet systems, and to design new ones, this paper describes classical simulations of a damped flashing ratchet that transports charged nanoparticles within a transport layer of finite, non-zero thickness. The thickness of the layer, and the decay of the applied field in the z-direction throughout that thickness, provide a mechanism of symmetry breaking in the system that allows the ratchet to produce directional transport using a temporally unbiased oscillation of the AC driving field, a sine wave. Sine waves are conveniently produced experimentally or harvested from natural sources but cannot produce transport in a 1D or pseudo-1D system. The sine wave drive produces transport velocities an order of magnitude higher than those produced by the common on/off drive, but lower than those produced by a temporally biased square wave drive (unequal durations of the positive and negative states). The dependence of the particle velocity on the thickness of the transport layer, and on the homogeneity of the oscillating field within the layer, is presented for all three driving schemes.
On the possibility to obtain the stress-strain curve for a strain-hardening material by spherical indentation (2002)

A numerical approach aimed at evaluation the stress-strain curve for metallic materials starting from the results of instrumented spherical indentation tests is presented. The spherical indentation for materials having different σ-ε curves was modelled by means of a parametric finite-elements analysis. It was studied as the shape of the indentation crater evolves with the load and it was verified that it depends on the strain-hardening and yield stress of the material. By means of an elaboration of these results, an iterative procedure was set up, which allows the σ-ε curve to be obtained with satisfactory accuracy for a large class of materials. The procedure was tested by interpreting a simulated indentation test on a typical structural steel, thus confirming its validity and accuracy.
&#x201C;Buy One Get One Free&#x201D;: Armed Viruses for the Treatment of Cancer Cells and their Microenvironment (2009)

Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising biological therapy for the treatment of cancer. Recent advances in genetic engineering have facilitated the construction of custom-built oncolytic viruses that can be exquisitely targeted to tumors by exploiting each cancer's unique biology and their efficacy can be further enhanced by "arming" them with additional therapeutic genes. Such an approach allows the virus to unload its "therapeutic cargo" at the tumor site, thereby enhancing its anti-neoplastic properties. While several clever strategies have been recently described using genes that can induce cellular apoptosis/suicide and/or facilitate tumor/virus imaging, viruses armed with genes that also affect the tumor microenvironment present an exciting and promising approach to therapy. In this review we discuss recently developed oncolytic viruses armed with genes encoding for angiostatic factors, inflammatory cytokines, or proteases that modulate the extracellular matrix to regulate tumor vascularization, anti-tumor immune responses and viral spread throughout the solid tumor.
Delta compressed and deduplicated storage using stream-informed locality (2012)

For backup storage, increasing compression allows users to protect more data without increasing their costs or storage footprint. Though removing duplicate regions (deduplication) and traditional compression have become widespread, further compression is attainable. We demonstrate how to efficiently add delta compression to deduplicated storage to compress similar (nonduplicate) regions. A challenge when adding delta compression is the large number of data regions to be indexed. We observed that stream-informed locality is effective for delta compression, so an index for delta compression is unnecessary, and we built the first storage system prototype to combine delta compression and deduplication with this technology. Beyond demonstrating extra compression benefits between 1.4-3.5X, we also investigate throughput and data integrity challenges that arise. 1
Focused Blind Deconvolution (2019)

We introduce a novel multichannel blind deconvolution (BD) method that extracts sparse and front-loaded impulse responses from the channel outputs, i.e., their convolutions with a single arbitrary source. Unlike most prior work on BD, a crucial feature of this formulation is that it does not encode support restrictions on the unknowns, except for fixing their duration lengths. The indeterminacy inherent to BD, which is difficult to resolve with a traditional l1 penalty on the impulse responses, is resolved in our method because it seeks a first approximation where the impulse responses are: “maximally white” over frequency-encoded as the energy focusing near zero lag of the impulse-response temporal autocorrelations; and “maximally front-loaded”-encoded as the energy focusing near zero time of the impulse responses. Hence, we call the method focused BD (FBD). It partitions BD into two separate optimization problems and uses the focusing constraints in succession. The respective constraints in both these problems are removed as the iterations progress. A multichannel BD problem whose physics calls for sparse and front-loaded impulse responses arises in seismic inversion, where the impulse responses are the Green's function evaluations at different receiver locations, and the operation of a drill bit inputs the noisy and correlated source signature into the subsurface. We demonstrate the benefits of FBD using seismic-while-drilling numerical experiments, where the noisy data recorded at the receivers are hard to interpret, but FBD can provide the processing essential to separate the drill-bit (source) signature from the interpretable Green's function.
Waveguide frequency mixers for all-optical signal processing (2000)

All-optical wavelength conversion for WDM, gated mixing for TDM, and spectral inversion for dispersion correction have been demonstrated in three-wave mixing and in cascaded mixing devices. Wide bandwidths (70 nm), high speeds (100 Gbit/s), and low conversion loss (3 dB) have been obtained in periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguides.
The Factor H Binding Protein of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Interacts with Xenosiderophores in Vitro (2012)

The factor H binding protein (fHbp) is a key virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis that confers to the bacterium the ability to resist killing by human serum. The determination of its three-dimensional structure revealed that the carboxyl terminus of the protein folds into an eight-stranded β barrel. The structural similarity of this part of the protein to lipocalins provided the rationale for exploring the ability of fHbp to bind siderophores. We found that fHbp was able to bind in vitro siderophores belonging to the cathecolate family and mapped the interaction site by nuclear magnetic resonance. Our results indicated that the enterobactin binding site was distinct from the site involved in binding to human factor H and stimulates new hypotheses about possible multiple activities of fHbp.
Picosecond time-resolved electron diffraction studies of laser heated metals (1990)

Picosecond time-resolved high-energy electron diffraction is used as a lattice temperature probe of laser heated metal surfaces and thin films. A picosecond laser pulse is split into two beams. The first interacts with the sample. The second activates the cathode of an electron gun creating a collimated and focused electron pulse that is well synchronized with the heating laser pulse. The electron pulse is used to generate a reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern of a surface or a transmission electron diffraction pattern of a thin film. Since heating results in an intensity reduction of the elastically scattered electrons (Debye-Waller effect), the diffraction patterns provide information on the lattice temperature as well as structure. Time-resolved surface temperature measurements show general agreement with that predicted by a heat diffusion model. 35 refs., 7 figs.