gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive immunity and protection generated by nanoparticle-based vaccination against influenza virus (2016)

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Direct readout protonophore induced selective uncoupling and dysfunction of individual mitochondria within cancer cells (2019)

Concurrently, manipulation of mitochondrial activity and its monitoring have enormous significance in cancer therapy and diagnosis. In this context, a fluorescent probe MitoDP has been developed for validating H2S mediated protonophore (2,4-dinitrophenol, DNP) induced mitochondrial membrane potential change, ROS formation and ATP depletion in cancer cells. The extent of protonophore activation for mitochondrial dysfunction is monitored through fluorescence signalling at 450 nm. The current study provides a proof for the concept of endogenous H2S-mediated controlled and spatial release of bioactive agents, or toxins specifically in mitochondria of cancer cells.
Influence of Preimmunization Antibody Levels on the Specificity of the Immune Response to Related Polysaccharide Antigens (1980)

We studied the influence of preimmunization antibody level on the immune response of adults to one of two structurally related yet immunologically distinct type-specific polysaccharides from Type III Group B streptococcus and Type 14 pneumonococcus. Four weeks after immunization with multivalent pneumococcal vaccine, 20 subjects with low levels of antibody to Type III Group B streptococcus antigen had no significant increase in antibody to this antigen (P greater than 0.05), but all volunteers with moderate to high preimmunization antibody levels who were immunized with Pneumovax had significant increases (P less than 0.01). However, the streptococcal antibody response to pneumococcal Type 14 antigen was weaker and briefer than that in 10 adults given Type III Group B streptococcus vaccine(P less than 0.05). Preimmunization antibody levels influenced the immune response to a structurally similar polysaccharide antigen, but specific Type III polysaccharide antigen appeared necessary to induce a primary antibody response in "nonimmune" adults. We conclude that immunization of mothers with pneumococcal vaccine is not likely to prevent neonatal Type III Group B streptococcal infection, despite immunologic similarities between the two organisms.
Statistical Reconstruction Algorithms for Polyenergetic X-ray Computed Tomography (2003)

my parents, who offered me a universe of opportunity in a world of strife. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I know a lot more now that I knew some years ago. I also better understand how much more there is to learn. I owe my increased wisdom to my thesis advisor, Dr. Jeffrey A. Fessler. I am grateful for his patient mentoring, supportive advising, extensive availability and endless editing. I am also grateful to the other members of my dissertation committee, Mr. Neal Clinthorne, Dr. Mitch Goodsitt and Dr. Alfred Hero, for reviewing the manuscript and for their valuable feedback. I am grateful to Neal and Predrag Sukovic for access to data, and for helpful discussions. I thank Dr. Mitch Goodsitt for pointing out very valuable references in the radiology and medical physics literature. His careful review of Chapter 5 deepened my understanding of issues relating to quantitative CT. A chapter in my thesis is dedicated to our collaboration with General Electric
Power and Area Efficient Sorting Networks Using Unary Processing (2017)

Sorting is a common task in a wide range of applications from signal and image processing to switching systems. For applications that require high performance, sorting is often performed in hardware. Hardware cost and power consumption are the dominant concerns. The usual approach is to wire up a network of compare-and-swap units in a configuration called a Batcher (or Bitonic) network. This paper proposes a novel area-and power-efficient approach to sorting networks based on "unary processing." Data is encoded as serial bit-streams, with values represented by the fraction of 1's in a stream of 0's and 1's. (This is an evolution of prior work on stochastic logic. Unlike stochastic logic, the unary approach is deterministic and completely accurate.) Synthesis results of complete sorting networks show up to 87% area and power saving compared to the conventional binary implementations. However, the latency increases. To mitigate the increased latency, the paper uses a novel time-encoding of data. The approach is validated with implementation of an important application of sorting: median filtering. The result is a low-cost, energy-efficient implementation of median filtering with only a slight accuracy loss.
Quench Protection Optimization of Multi-Coil LTS Magnets (2020)

Quench protection is critical for superconducting systems, especially those containing significant energy to damage the system or its components during quench. We propose a new quench protection approach for multi-coil low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnet systems. The approach minimizes the number of protection components that must be activated during quench. In this approach, inductively-coupled coils are electrically connected in several possible ways: all in parallel; several parallel-connected groups, with each group consisting of several series connected coils; several series-connected groups, with each group consisting of several coils in parallel. If one of the parallel-connected coils or groups quenches, current in this coil or group decreases while current in the other parallel-connected coils or groups tries to increase to keep the total magnetic flux in the circuit the same, and this tendency will be affected by the nature of the inductive coupling among the coils. If during this event the non-quenching parallel coils remain superconducting, then the quench is limited to only the quenched coil or group. In some cases, the equipment may continue operation after quench, although at a somewhat reduced capacity. The proposed approach is potentially more advantageous for superconducting systems that consist of many weakly-coupled coils of similar size.
A general approach to optimizing tumor treating fields therapy. (2019)

e14668 Background: Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields used to non-invasively treat cancer. TTFields are delivered via transducer arrays placed on the skin close to the tumor. Post-hoc analysis [1] has shown that delivering higher field power to the tumor and increasing usage (percent of time patient is actively treated) improve patient survival. Thus, optimizing the position of arrays to maximize TTFields power at the tumor could improve survival. At the same time, minimizing the array area to maximize patient comfort and consequently maximizing usage is also likely to improve survival. However, optimizing TTFields delivery is non-trivial since the field distribution is influenced by array positioning and geometry, the anatomy of the patient and the heterogeneous electric properties of different tissues. Here we present a general approach to optimizing Tumor Treating Fields using numerical simulations. Methods: Delivery of TTFields to the brains, lungs and abdomens of realistic computational models was investigated. The effect of the transducer array size and position on the field distribution within the phantoms was analyzed, and an approach for optimizing TTFields delivery developed. Results: Field power is generally highest in the region between the arrays, with larger arrays generally delivering higher field power. Anatomical features such as bones, the spine or a resection cavity significantly influence the field within this region. A general approach to optimizing TTFields delivery is: Maximize field power by using the largest arrays possible. To maximize patient comfort, array size are chose so that significant portions of the skin in the region of disease are not covered by the arrays. Place virtual arrays on a realistic computational model of the patient such that the tumor is located between them and simulate TTFields delivery to the patient. Apply an iterative algorithm to shift the arrays around their initial positions until field power in the tumor bed is maximized. Conclusions: We have developed a general approach to optimizing delivery of TTFields to the tumor. Effective TTFields treatment planning is expected to improve patient outcome. [1] Ballo et. al., submitted to RED Journal 2018.
Reflection mass spectrometry of As incorporation during GaAs molecular beam epitaxy (1988)

An apertured and cryoshrouded mass spectrometer, which measures line-of-sight molecular fluxes from the surface, has been incorporated into a GaAs molecular beam epitaxy system. The spectrometer is simple to implement, yet is a powerful real-time growth diagnostic. We have used the spectrometer to measure transient and steady-state As incorporation from As4 during bilayer-by-bilayer growth of GaAs. We find, interestingly, that (1) the incorporation coefficient does not oscillate significantly; (2) transient incorporation coefficients depend on surface reconstruction, and may be higher than 0.5 at high Ga fluxes; and (3) in the absence of a Ga flux, excess Ga on the surface need not imply an incorporation coefficient of 0.5.
<i>In vitro</i> ribosome synthesis and evolution through ribosome display (2019)

ABSTRACT Directed evolution of the ribosome for expanded substrate incorporation and novel functions is challenging because the requirement of cell viability limits the mutations that can be made. However, our recent development of an integrated strategy for the in vitro synthesis and assembly of translationally competent ribosomes (iSAT) enables the rapid generation of large libraries of ribosome variants in a cell-free environment. Here we combine the iSAT system with ribosome display to develop a fully in vitro methodology for ri bosome s ynthesis and e volution (called RISE). We validate this method by selecting highly active genotypes which are resistant to the antibiotic clindamycin from a library of ribosome variants. We further demonstrate the prevalence of positive epistasis in successful genotypes, highlighting the importance of such interactions in selecting for new function. We anticipate that RISE will facilitate understanding of molecular translation and enable selection of ribosomes with altered properties.
Structure for decreasing low-frequency air vibration (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mitsuyasu Yamashita, Hiroshi Igarashi, Shosuke Koga; Structure for decreasing low‐frequency air vibration. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 February 1985; 77 (2): 779. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.392288 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Priority Management of Emergency Vehicles at Intersections Using Self-Organized Traffic Control (2012)

Biologically inspired approaches have the potential to solve many of the difficult networking problems awaiting practical solutions. The recently proposed Virtual Traffic Lights (VTL) is one example (or instance) of this powerful approach for solving some fundamental transportation problems[1], [2]. The successful operation of VTL scheme ultimately depends on the local rules used by vehicles approaching an intersection for electing a leader that manages the traffic at that intersection by serving as a virtual traffic light. In this paper, it is shown that by using a different set of local rules at intersections, one can support priority management of emergency vehicles in a self-organized manner. The proposed VTL-Priority Intersection Control (VTL-PIC) protocol can detect the presence of an emergency vehicle and assign priority to the emergency vehicle at an intersection. Large-scale simulation results show that while the travel time of emergency vehicles can be reduced significantly, the impact of the proposed algorithm on the travel time of other vehicles is negligible.
Twin Nonlinear Two-Box Models for Power Amplifiers and Transmitters Exhibiting Memory Effects With Application to Digital Predistortion (2009)

In this paper, a new class of models, named twin nonlinear two-box (TNTB) models, is proposed for modeling and digital predistortion of power amplifiers and transmitters exhibiting memory effects. The forward, reverse, and parallel TNTB models are introduced. These models enable a more general modeling of nonlinear distortions and memory effects in comparison with previously reported behavioural models. The models' performance is assessed experimentally for a high power Doherty amplifier driven by multi-carrier WCDMA signals. The modeling and predistortion results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models when compared to the well established memory polynomials. Indeed, the proposed models lead to the same performance as memory polynomial models while reducing the number of parameters by approximately 50%. Definitely, only 24 parameters were required to accurately model and linearize a highly nonlinear Doherty power amplifier driven by a 20 MHz wide multi-carrier signal. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the lowest complexity model/digital predistorter reported for similar context.
A Vessel Schedule Recovery Problem at the Liner Shipping Route with Emission Control Areas (2019)

Liner shipping is a vital component of the world trade. Liner shipping companies usually operate fixed routes and announce their schedules. However, disruptions in sea and/or at ports affect the planned vessel schedules. Moreover, some liner shipping routes pass through the areas, designated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as emission control areas (ECAs). IMO imposes restrictions on the type of fuel that can be used by vessels within ECAs. The vessel schedule recovery problem becomes more complex when disruptions occur at such liner shipping routes, as liner shipping companies must comply with the IMO regulations. This study presents a novel mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model for the green vessel schedule recovery problem, which considers two recovery strategies, including vessel sailing speed adjustment and port skipping. The objective aims to minimize the total profit loss, endured by a given liner shipping company due to disruptions in the planned operations. The nonlinear model is linearized and solved using CPLEX. A number of computational experiments are conducted for the liner shipping route, passing through ECAs. Important managerial insights reveal that the proposed methodology can assist liner shipping companies with efficient vessel schedule recovery, minimize the monetary losses due to disruptions in vessel schedules, and improve energy efficiency as well as environmental sustainability.
Antibody Neutralization of an Influenza Virus that Uses Neuraminidase for Receptor Binding (2020)

Influenza virus infection elicits antibodies against the receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin (HA) and the receptor-cleaving protein neuraminidase (NA). Because HA is essential for viral entry, antibodies targeting HA often potently neutralize the virus in single-cycle infection assays. However, antibodies against NA are not potently neutralizing in such assays, since NA is dispensable for single-cycle infection. Here we show that a modified influenza virus that depends on NA for receptor binding is much more sensitive than a virus with receptor-binding HA to neutralization by some anti-NA antibodies. Specifically, a virus with a receptor-binding G147R N1 NA and a binding-deficient HA is completely neutralized in single-cycle infections by an antibody that binds near the NA active site. Infection is also substantially inhibited by antibodies that bind NA epitopes distant from the active site. Finally, we demonstrate that this modified virus can be used to efficiently select mutations in NA that escape antibody binding, a task that can be laborious with typical influenza viruses that are not well neutralized by anti-NA antibodies. Thus, viruses dependent on NA for receptor binding allow for sensitive in vitro detection of antibodies binding near the catalytic site of NA and enable the selection of viral escape mutants.
Comparison of respirable coal mine dust concentrations measured with an MRE and a newly-developed, two-stage impactor sampler (1978)

The design and laboratory evaluation of a two-stage aerosol sampler using an impaction plate for removing particles above 10 micron, has been reported. The unit was developed to provide an alternative to the two-stage sampling head used on approved coal mine personal respirable dust samplers. The new device offers the potential of increasing the analytical accuracy of samples, and of providing a device more suitable to the mining community for use in their mandated dust sampling program. This paper describes the underground sampling program conducted to establish the factor for converting respirable dust concentrations measured with this device to equivalent concentrations measured with an Isleworth 113A gravimetric dust sampler (MRE). This study demonstrated that the use of the impactor sampling head provides a viable alternative to the currently used sampling head. The results showed that comparative measurements could be linearly related for MRE dust measurements ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mg/m3. The factor determined for converting measurements made with the new head to equivalent MRE measurements was approximately 0.5.
Robustness of speech quality metrics to background noise and network degradations: Comparing ViSQOL, PESQ and POLQA (2013)

The Virtual Speech Quality Objective Listener (ViSQOL) is a new objective speech quality model. It is a signal based full reference metric that uses a spectro-temporal measure of similarity between a reference and a test speech signal. ViSQOL aims to predict the overall quality of experience for the end listener whether the cause of speech quality degradation is due to ambient noise, or transmission channel degradations. This paper describes the algorithm and tests the model using two speech corpora: NOIZEUS and E4. The NOIZEUS corpus contains speech under a variety of background noise types, speech enhancement methods, and SNR levels. The E4 corpus contains voice over IP degradations including packet loss, jitter and clock drift. The results are compared with the ITU-T objective models for speech quality: PESQ and POLQA. The behaviour of the metrics are also evaluated under simulated time warp conditions. The results show that for both datasets ViSQOL performed comparably with PESQ. POLQA was shown to have lower correlation with subjective scores than the other metrics for the NOIZEUS database.
Depth-fused multi-focal plane displays enable accurate depth perception (2010)

Many different approaches to three-dimensional (3-D) displays have been explored, most of which are considered to be stereoscopic-type. The stereoscopic-type displays create depth perception by presenting two perspective images, one for each eye, of a 3D scene from two slightly different viewing positions. They have been the dominant technology adopted for many applications, spanning the fields of flight simulation, scientific visualization, medicine, engineering design, education and training, and entertainment systems. Existing stereoscopic displays, however, lack the ability to produce accurate focus cues, which have been suggested to contribute to various visual artifacts such as visual fatigue. This paper will review some recent work on vari- and multi-focal plane display technologies that are capable of rendering nearly correct focus cues for 3D objects and these technologies have great promise of enabling more accurate depth perception for 3D tasks.
Real-time two-dimensional holographic imaging by an electron beam addressed spatial light modulator (1992)

Real-time holographic recording using an optical heterodyne scanning technique proposed by Poon 1 has recently been demonstrated, and real-time reconstruction of holograms generated by the scanning technique has also been achieved by using an electron beam addressed spatial light modulator (EBSLM). 2 These experiments, however, have been limited to one-dimensional objects, such as a simple transmissive slit. In this talk, we present results of real-time two-dimensional holographic imaging. Details of the experimental set-up will also be discussed.
<title>Spatially weighted optical fiber sensors for structural acoustic analysis</title> (1993)

This paper describes two optical fiber waveguide modification methods which allow the synthesis of effective modal filters and sensors for the analysis and active feedback control of vibrating structures. Both methods allow the sensitivity of the fiber to be varied along its length when used as a long gauge length integrating sensor. The performance of these sensors is similar to that of shaped piezoelectric film elements which have been demonstrated for several years for similar applications as modal filters, except the fiber sensors allow low- profile geometries in both dimensions orthogonal to the fiber axis. The first method uses modal birefringence between the LP<SUB>01</SUB> and LP<SUB>11</SUB> modes in two-mode fibers modified by tapering the waveguide during or subsequent to fabrication, with the sensitivity of a differential section of fiber along its length determined by the local core radius. By adjusting the taper geometry as a function of position along the fiber, individual vibration modes in a structure may be measured, with information concerning other orthogonal modes suppressed. The second method uses spatially weighted photorefractive index gratings in similar fibers to achieve modal selectivity. For both cases, we describe new methods for generating tapers and two-mode gratings, and present theoretical data and experimental results for such sensors embedded in composite laminates.
Improved Radiography Of Wooden Parts (1990)

Technique developed to increase radiographic contrasts of inherent latent defects in wood. Involves introduction of radiopaque substance into defect site and subjecting site to penetrating radiation. Radiopaque penetrant used is commercially available fluorocarbon cleaning solvent, trichlorotrifluoroethane. Applicable in inspection of wooden aircraft components, fan and wind-turbine blades, marine parts, insulators, and other wooden components, assemblies, and structures.