gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficiency diode-bar pumped solid state laser using a tightly folded resenator (1989)

Diode laser pumping of solid state lasers can provide high conversion efficiency to the TEM0o mode when the emission from the pump source is concentrated in the desired lasing volume within the active medium. This manner of mode matched pumping is best illustrated by diode array end pumped designs which typically provide >30% slope efficiency to the TEM0o mode.1 Higher power schemes utilizing diode bars have employed side pumped geometries which are not well mode matched resulting in TEM0Q slope efficiencies of typically 10-15 % .2 We discuss a new solid state laser design using a tightly folded resonator (TFR) approach which provides a laser geometry mode matched to a diode bar resulting in diffraction-limited output powers of several watts and slope efficiencies of over 40 %.
Characterization of MDL 73005EF as a 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> selective ligand and its effects in animal models of anxiety: comparison with buspirone, 8‐OH‐DPAT and diazepam (1990)

1. With radioligand binding techniques, MDL 73005 EF (8-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl-methylamino)ethyl]-8-az aspiro[4, 5]decane-7,9-dione methyl sulphonate) shows high affinity (pIC50 8.6) and selectivity (greater than 100 fold compared to other monoamine and benzodiazepine receptor sites) for the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A recognition site; it was both more potent and more selective than buspirone in this respect. 2. In rats pretreated with reserpine, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) induced forepaw treading and flat body posture; in the same model, MDL 73005EF and buspirone showed minimal agonist activity and at high doses MDL 73005EF inhibited responses to 8-OH-DPAT. 3. In rats trained to discriminate 8-OH-DPAT from saline in a drug discrimination paradigm, both MDL 73005EF and buspirone generalized dose-dependently and completely to the 8-OH-DPAT cue. 4. To define the anxiolytic potential of MDL 73005EF, it was examined in the elevated plus-maze test and in the water-lick conflict test in comparison with diazepam and buspirone. In both tests MDL 73005EF induced effects similar to those seen following diazepam. Buspirone had similar effects to both MDL 73005EF and diazepam in the water-lick conflict test but opposite effects in the elevated plus-maze. 8-OH-DPAT also had opposite effects in the elevated plus-maze test to MDL 73005EF and diazepam. 5. The anti-conflict effects of MDL 73005EF were reversed by low doses of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT; those of buspirone were neither antagonised nor mimicked by 8-OH-DPAT. 6. These results suggest that an interaction with 5-HTIA receptors is the basis of the anxiolytic-like activity of MDL 73005EF. However, its mechanism of action is clearly different from that of buspirone, possibly reflecting a greater selectivity for the 5-HTlA receptors located presynaptically on central 5- hydroxytryptaminergic neurones.
The complement system in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. (1989)

Although some studies suggest that complement activation is involved in the development of acute myocardial infarction, there has been little convincing evidence of a change in the complement system in patients suffering from myocardial infarction. In this study circulating levels of C3a, C3, C4 and the total hemolytic complement titer (CH50) were serially measured in 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction up to 10 days after an attack. The plasma C3a level was greatly elevated throughout the post-attack observation period. The C3, C4 and CH50 levels were significantly increased above those controls on days 8, 9 and 10 after infarction. These findings indicate that there is complement activation in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and suggest a pathogenetic role for complement activation in the development of myocardial damage after infarction.
Classification of Upper Limb Motion Trajectories Using Shape Features (2011)

To understand and interpret human motion is a very active research area nowadays because of its importance in sports sciences, health care, and video surveillance. However, classification of human motion patterns is still a challenging topic because of the variations in kinetics and kinematics of human movements. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for automatic classification of motion trajectories of human upper limbs. The proposed scheme starts from transforming 3-D positions and rotations of the shoulder/elbow/wrist joints into 2-D trajectories. Discriminative features of these 2-D trajectories are, then, extracted using a probabilistic shape-context method. Afterward, these features are classified using a k-means clustering algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art techniques.
A First Law Thermodynamic Analysis of Biodiesel Production From Soybean (2009)

A proper First Law energy balance of the soybean biodiesel cycle shows that the overall efficiency of biodiesel production is 0.18, i.e., only 1 in 5 parts of the solar energy sequestered as soya beans, plus the fossil energy inputs, becomes biodiesel. Soybean meal is produced with an overall energetic efficiency of 0.38, but it is not a fossil fuel. If both biodiesel and soybean meal were treated as finished fossil fuels, the overall energy efficiency of their production would be 0.56, ∼ 40% higher than the average overall efficiency, 0.4, of producing ethanol and DDGS from corn patzek 2006z, patzek 2007a. This difference is caused by the high energy efficiency of producing soybean meal, which is 57% of soya beans by mass. Production of corn ethanol alone, with the average overall efficiency of 0.25, is more energy-efficient than production of biodiesel from soybeans with the overall efficiency of 0.18. The results of the current analysis are compared with those by NREL 1998 and Hill et al. 2006.
Accelerated Solvent Extractions (ASE) of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) Leaves: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antinociceptive Activity (2021)

<i>Mitragyna speciosa</i> Korth (kratom) is known for its psychoactive and analgesic properties. Mitragynine is the primary constituent present in kratom leaves. This study highlights the utilisation of the green accelerated solvent extraction technique to produce a better, non-toxic and antinociceptive active botanical extract of kratom. ASE <i>M. speciosa</i> extract had a dry yield (0.53-2.91 g) and showed a constant mitragynine content (6.53-7.19%) when extracted with organic solvents of different polarities. It only requires a shorter extraction time (5 min) and a reduced amount of solvents (less than 100 mL). A substantial amount of total phenolic (407.83 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g and flavonoids (194.00 ± 5.00 QE mg/g) were found in ASE kratom ethanol extract. The MTT test indicated that the ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract is non-cytotoxic towards HEK-293 and HeLa Chang liver cells. In mice, ASE kratom ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a better antinociceptive effect compared to methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts. The presence of bioactive indole alkaloids and flavonols such as mitragynine, paynantheine, quercetin, and rutin in ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract was detected using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis supports its antinociceptive properties. ASE ethanolic leaf extract offers a better, safe, and cost-effective choice of test botanical extract for further preclinical studies.
Electroporation of rapeseed protoplasts – transient and stable transformation (1993)

Protoplasts of Brassica napus hypocotyls were transfected using electroporation. Parameters such as discharge potential, protoplast density and buffer constituents were tested to determine the most suitable conditions for gene transfer. To monitor the introduction of DNA into protoplasts a plasmid containing the β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), and the neomycin phospotransferase (EC 2.7.1.95) genes was used. By using this construct, expression of a screenable marker gene for transient expression analysis as well as an antibiotic resistance marker gene for selection of stable transformants were obtained. Refined electroporation conditions resulted in a frequency of 0.1% transiently transformed protoplasts. Microcalluses were cultured under selective conditions in a bead-type culture system. Resistant callus, with an absolute transformation frequency of 4.9 × 10<sup>-5</sup> and a relative transformation frequency of 0.3% could be achieved. X-ray irradiation of newly electroporated protoplasts did not enhance absolute transformation frequencies. From some of the resistant calluses, transgenic plants could be regenerated which were characterized by molecular analysis.
Fast Fourier‐based simulation of off‐resonance artifacts in steady‐state gradient echo MRI applied to metal object localization (2016)

The proposed simulation methodology provided accurate 3D simulations of off-resonance artifacts with a lower computational complexity than Bloch simulations. The speed of the simulations opens up possibilities in image reconstructions involving off-resonance phenomena that were previously infeasible due to computational limitations, as demonstrated for metal object localization. Magn Reson Med 78:2035-2041, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Systematic review of Kinect applications in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation (2014)

In this paper we present a review of the most current avenues of research into Kinect-based elderly care and stroke rehabilitation systems to provide an overview of the state of the art, limitations, and issues of concern as well as suggestions for future work in this direction. The central purpose of this review was to collect all relevant study information into one place in order to support and guide current research as well as inform researchers planning to embark on similar studies or applications. The paper is structured into three main sections, each one presenting a review of the literature for a specific topic. Elderly Care section is comprised of two subsections: Fall detection and Fall risk reduction. Stroke Rehabilitation section contains studies grouped under Evaluation of Kinect's spatial accuracy, and Kinect-based rehabilitation methods. The third section, Serious and exercise games, contains studies that are indirectly related to the first two sections and present a complete system for elderly care or stroke rehabilitation in a Kinect-based game format. Each of the three main sections conclude with a discussion of limitations of Kinect in its respective applications. The paper concludes with overall remarks regarding use of Kinect in elderly care and stroke rehabilitation applications and suggestions for future work. A concise summary with significant findings and subject demographics (when applicable) of each study included in the review is also provided in table format.
Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase in Seedlings and Leaves of Maize (Zea mays) (1993)

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was purified to homogeneity from maize (Zea mays L. cv.) coleoptiles. APX was a monomer with a molecular mass of 28 kDa, as determined by gel nitration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It contained one protoheme moiety per molecule, with the oxidized form giving a Soret peak at 403 nm with small peaks at 502 and 638 nm, and the reduced form giving peaks at 435 and 556 nm. The enzyme was not inactivated by depletion of ascorbate. Cell fractionation and immunohistochemical studies using polyclonal antibodies raised against maize APX revealed that the enzyme was not located in the chloroplasts of green leaves. It was abundant in the cytoplasm but not in the vacuoles of cells in the coleoptile, mesocotyl and young leaves of seedlings. In mature green leaves, small amounts of the enzyme were distributed in vascular systems, in particular in the companion cells. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of maize APX exhibited high homology to pea cytosolic APX, spinach APX and Arabidopsis APX, but not to APX from tea chloroplasts.
Stable heparin-producing cell lines derived from the Furth murine mastocytoma. (1992)

Stable cell lines that synthesize heparin have been established from the Furth murine mastocytoma. The parental line (MST) divides in suspension every 14-18 h in growth medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum or defined growth factors. Adherent subclones were selected by adhesion to plastic culture vessels. Both adherent and nonadherent cells contain about 0.4 micrograms of glycosaminoglycan hexuronic acid per 10(6) cells, composed of 80% heparin and 20% chondroitin sulfate E. Deaminative cleavage of MST heparin by HNO2 at pH 1.5 released disaccharides that were similar in composition to those obtained from commercial heparin, except that disaccharides containing 3,6-O-desulfated GlcN units were not found. Greater than 90% of the glycosaminoglycans were stored in cytoplasmic granules, and challenge of the cells with dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin and anti-dinitrophenyl IgE released a portion of the stored material. Growth studies of subclones showed that MST cells tolerate a 10-fold variation in glycosaminoglycan content. Incubation of cells with sodium chlorate reduced glycosaminoglycan sulfation by > 95% without affecting cell growth. Thus, granule glycosaminoglycans appear to be nonessential for growth of MST cells.
Activity, Selectivity, and Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance of Virtually Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2012)

Virtually metal-free, aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) are prepared by an alumina template technique and characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and XPS. Highly uniform and aligned nanotubes are identified from SEM. The surface nitrogen concentration in the N-CNTs is estimated to be ∼8.0 at.%. Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkali media is investigated by rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry and compared with commercial Pt/C (E-TEK). RDE measurements indicated the comparable ORR activity of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with Pt/C. Kinetic analysis reveals that the ORR on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes follows the four-electron pathway leading to water. Moreover, during the ORR, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes exhibited substantially higher ethanol tolerance than Pt/C. A maximum power density of 37 and 62 mW/cm2 is observed with N-CNT and Pt/C cathodes, respectively, under anion-exchange membrane fuel cell conditions. Durability measurements performed under fuel cell operating conditions for 30 h indicate the good stability of the catalysts.
A Highly Focused Antigen Receptor Repertoire Characterizes Î³Î´ T Cells That are Poised to Make IL-17 Rapidly in Naive Animals (2015)

Interleukin (IL)-17 plays a key role in immunity. In acute infections, a rapid IL-17 response must be induced without prior antigen exposure, and γδ T cells are the major initial IL-17 producers. In fact, some γδ T cells make IL-17 within hours after an immune challenge. These cells appear to acquire the ability to respond to IL-1 and IL-23 and to make IL-17 naturally in naïve animals. They are known as the natural Tγδ17 (nTγδ17) cells. The rapidity of the nTγδ17 response, and the apparent lack of explicit T cell receptor (TCR) engagement for its induction have led to the view that this is a cytokine (IL-1, IL-23)-mediated response. However, pharmacological inhibition or genetic defects in TCR signaling drastically reduce the nTγδ17 response and/or their presence. To better understand antigen recognition in this rapid IL-17 response, we analyzed the antigen receptor repertoire of IL-1R(+)/IL-23R(+) γδ T cells, a proxy for nTγδ17 cells in naïve animals directly ex vivo, using a barcode-enabled high throughput single-cell TCR sequence analysis. We found that regardless of their anatomical origin, these cells have a highly focused TCR repertoire. In particular, the TCR sequences have limited V gene combinations, little or no junctional diversity and much reduced or no N region diversity. In contrast, IL-23R(-) cells at mucosal sites similar to most of the splenic γδ T cells and small intestine epithelial γδ lymphocytes expressed diverse TCRs. This remarkable commonality and restricted repertoire of IL-1R(+)/IL-23R(+) γδ T cells underscores the importance of antigen recognition in their establishment/function.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Organometallic .pi.-Complexes of the Rare Earths in the Oxidation State Ln3+ with Aromatic Ligands (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Organometallic .pi.-Complexes of the Rare Earths in the Oxidation State Ln3+ with Aromatic LigandsHerbert Schumann, Juliane A. Meese-Marktscheffel, and Lothar EsserCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 4, 865–986Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00036a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00036a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3983Altmetric-Citations669LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High temperature characteristic <i>T</i> <sub>0</sub> and low threshold current density of1.3 µm InAsP/InGaP/InP compensated strain multiquantum wellstructure lasers (1995)

A high device quality material consisting of 10 compensated strained quantum well InAsP/InGaP structures was grown by MOCVD at atmospheric pressure. The estimated threshold current density for an infinite cavity length was 130 A/cm2 per well. A high characteristic temperature of 117 K was obtained. To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest value for as-cleaved lasers at 1.3 µm on InP substrates.
Probiotic control of lactate accumulation in acutely grain-fed sheep (1995)

When sheep were acutely fed a grain diet, ruminal pH rapidly dropped to less than 5.0, lactic acid exceeded 100 mM and clinical symptoms of acidosis were evident within 24 h. When acute grain feeding was preceeded by inoculation of the rumen with 108 cfu of Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica strain JDB201, ruminal lactate was undetectable and ruminal pH was stabilized at 6.3-6.5 for up to 24 h. Inoculation of the rumen with a mixture of 108 cfu each of Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica strain JDB201 and Megasphaera elsdenii strain JDB301 was shown to be more effective than Selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica alone and maintained ruminal stability following acute grain feeding for up to 4 days. A continuous culture model of acidosis was also developed to test the effect of probiotic inoculation in combination with 0.75 8g/mL of Virginiamycin in preventing lactate accumulation and establishing a stable fermentation in vitro. The data suggest that although probiotic treatment is effective, a combination of probiotic and antibiotic may be the best approach to achieve rapid ruminal adaptation during acute grain feeding of sheep.
Medical therapies with adult stem/progenitor cells (MSCs): A backward journey from dramatic results in vivo to the cellular and molecular explanations (2011)

There is currently great interest in the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for the therapy of many diseases of animals and humans. However, we are still left with the serious challenges in explaining the beneficial effects of the cells. Hence, it is essential to work backward from dramatic results obtained in vivo to the cellular and molecular explanations in order to discover the secrets of MSCs. This review will focus on recent data that have changed the paradigms for understanding the therapeutic potentials of MSCs.
The Diode Laser Source and the Spatial Light Modulator's Driver Electronics for Miniaturized Holographic 3D Imaging (1998)

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a low-cost, high power laser diode/fiber illumination system and to design the driver electronics of the spatial light modulator (SLM) for holographic, three dimensional (3D) imaging. A miniaturized laser diode/fiber/polarizing illumination system capable of 15mW of output at a wavelength of 690nm is designed, fabricated, and tested. The size limitations of various commercially available SLM drivers are described and the design to overcome them is suggested. The design describes in detail the timing considerations of the hardware interface and the psuedocode of the software interface between the host computer and the SLM. Experiments carried out to study the spatial uniformity of the SLM and the distortion due to the beam splitter on the structured output from the LIM are explained.
Slowly Digestible State of Starch: Mechanism of Slow Digestion Property of Gelatinized Maize Starch (2008)

The mechanism underlying the previously reported parabolic relationship between amylopectin fine structure, represented by the weight ratio of linear short chains [degree of polymerization (DP < 13) to long chains (DP >/= 13], and slowly digestible starch (SDS) content was investigated from the viewpoint of starch retrogradation and substrate susceptibility to enzyme hydrolysis. A maize mutant sample, termed "highest long-chain starch" (HLCS) representing group I samples with a higher proportion of long chains, showed a bell-shaped SDS pattern with retrogradation time, whereas insignificant changes in SDS were found for the sample termed "highest short-chain starch" (HSCS) representing group II samples with a higher proportion of short chains. This corresponded to results from X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry that showed a rapid increase of crystallinity and enthalpy for HLCS during retrogradation, but negligible changes for sample HSCS. Therefore, retrogradation was associated with SDS content for group I samples, but not for group II samples. Analysis of amylopectin fine structure, SDS content, retrogradation enthalpy, SDS material debranching profile, and hydrolysis pattern demonstrated, for group I samples, that linear branched chains of DP 9-30 of amylopectin may act as anchor points to slow the digestion of branced-chain fractions of DP > 30, which constitute the major slowly digestible portion, whereas for group II samples, it is the inherent molecular structure of amylopectin with a higher amount of branches and shorter chains that is not favorable for rapid enzyme digestion. The concept of a slowly digestible starch state (SDS state) that could be a chemical or physical entity is proposed to better describe the mechanistic underpinning of the slow digestion property of starches.