gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic measurements on digital study models compared with plaster models: a systematic review (2010)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the use of digital models to assess tooth size, arch length, irregularity index, arch width and crowding versus measurements generated on hand-held plaster models with digital callipers in patients with and without malocclusion. Studies comparing linear and angular measurements obtained on digital and standard plaster models were identified by searching multiple databases including MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO, ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database, without restrictions relating to publication status or language of publication. Two authors were involved in study selection, quality assessment and the extraction of data. Items from the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Reviews checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. No meta-analysis was conducted. Comparisons between measurements of digital and plaster models made directly within studies were reported, and the difference between the (repeated) measurement means for digital and plaster models were considered as estimates. Seventeen relevant studies were included. Where reported, overall, the absolute mean differences between direct and indirect measurements on plaster and digital models were minor and clinically insignificant. Orthodontic measurements with digital models were comparable to those derived from plaster models. The use of digital models as an alternative to conventional measurement on plaster models may be recommended, although the evidence identified in this review is of variable quality.
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Kokilaksha (Hygrophila spinosa T Ander.) in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines (2022)

Introduction: The drug Kokilaksha (Hygrophila spinosa T Ander.) found growing as a weed in the paddy fields is one of the commonly used drugs to treat Vatarakta (Gouty arthritis) as per classical texts of Ayurveda. A thorough literary search on the disease Vatarakta reveals that in Gambhira awastha (chronic stage) the disease involves deeper dhatus like Sandhi, Asthi, Majja; and Arbuda is mentioned as one of the upadravas (complications) of Gambhira Vatarakta according to Acharya Sushruta. Both malignant as well as benign tumours are considered under the term Arbuda. The research profile of Kokilaksha reveals its potent anti-tumour activity and efficacy in the Erythropoietic system. The current study is intended to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of Kashaya and hydroalcoholic extract of the drug Kokilaksha (Hygrophila spinosa T Ander.) in osteosarcoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: The in vitro study consisting of two osteosarcoma cell lines namely MG-63 and SAOS-2 were subjected to the hydro alcoholic extract and kashaya of Kokilaksha (Hygrophila spinosa T Ander.). The anticancer activity was carried out using three assays namely MTT assay, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and LDH assay. Results: The in vitro study showed both the hydro alcoholic extract and kashaya of Kokilaksha (Hygrophila spinosa T Ander.) exhibited anticancer activity in a time and concentration dependent manner with respect to all the three assays in both MG-63 and SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines. Key words: Kokilaksha (Hygrophila spinosa T Ander.), osteosarcoma cell lines, MTT assay, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, LDH assay, hydro alcoholic extract, Kashaya
Raman-lidar humidity sounding of the atmospheric boundary-layer (1979)

A Raman-lidar designed for the measurement of water-vapor profiles in the atmospheric boundary-layer is presented. The light source is a frequency-doubled ruby laser; Raman returns are digitized and stored in a multichannel analyzer prior to computer processing. Profiles up to 1800 m with a vertical resolution of 30 m are obtained; the accuracy is about 15% at a height of 1000 m. The validity of the measurement is discussed, and lidar soundings are compared with coincident meteorological radio-soundings. As an application, successive lidar profiles are used to determine the height-time structure of water-vapor, illustrating the possibilities of the Raman-lidar.
Interactions of p62 with p210 and Bcr-Abl-associated Proteins (1998)

A 62-kDa Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP)-associated protein is tyrosine-phosphorylated under a variety of circumstances including growth factor stimulation and in cells transformed by activated tyrosine kinases. A cDNA for p62(dok), reported to be the RasGAP-associated 62-kDa protein, was recently cloned from Abl-transformed cells. In this study, the interactions of p62(dok) with Bcr-Abl and associated proteins were examined. In 32D myeloid cells and Rat-1 fibroblasts transformed by p210(bcr-abl), p62(dok) is tyrosine-phosphorylated and co-immunoprecipitates with Bcr-Abl, RasGAP, and CrkL, a Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein. Tyrosine-phosphorylated p62(dok) from cells expressing p210(bcr-abl) bound directly to the SH2 domains of Abl and CrkL in a gel overlay assay. Previous work has shown that an SH2 domain deletion mutant of Bcr-Abl is defective in transforming fibroblasts but remains capable of inducing myeloid growth factor independence. In both fibroblasts and myeloid cells expressing this mutant, p62(dok) is underphosphorylated as compared with cells expressing full-length p210(bcr-abl) but remains capable of associating with Bcr-Abl. However, in a gel overlay assay, p62(dok) from cells expressing the SH2 domain deletion was incapable of associating directly with SH2 domains of Abl and CrkL. Interestingly, no direct binding between Bcr-Abl and p62(dok) could be demonstrated in a yeast two-hybrid assay. These data suggest that indirect interactions mediate the interaction between Bcr-Abl and p62(dok) and that the SH2 domain of Bcr-Abl is required for hyperphosphorylation of p62(dok). Further, hyperphosphorylation of p62(dok) correlates with the ability of Bcr-Abl to transform fibroblasts but not with the induction of growth factor independence in myeloid cells.
Prostatic adenocarcinoma PC EW, a new human tumor line transplantable in nude mice (1984)

A serially transplantable human prostatic carcinoma line, PC EW, has been developed through heterotransplantation of tumor tissue from a lymph node metastasis. PC EW is androgen dependent and is similar to the original tumor in terms of histological pattern, amounts of prostatic acid phosphatase secreted, and absence of a hormonally independent subline. This line is thus similar to PC 82, and we herein report the first results of comparative treatment trials conducted on PC EW.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS ON OUTCOME FROM NEAR-COMPLETE BUT NOT INCOMPLETE GLOBAL ISCHEMIA IN THE RAT (1998)

S356 Anesthetic agents are believed to reduce cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) due to reduction in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. It has been postulated that anesthetic agents which reduce CMR will only protect the brain against ischemia insufficiently severe to abolish the EEG and provide no protection when ischemia is severe enough to cause isoelectricity. Although biochemical evidence has been provided to support this principle (1), no outcome studies have addressed this issue. This study was designed to determine if differential anesthetic effects on outcome from global cerebral ischemia are present during ischemia when the EEG remains active or when the EEG is allowed to become isoelectric. Methods: Fasted rats were subjected to either 1) incomplete ischemia (attenuated EEG; 20 min of MAP = 50 mmHg and bilateral carotid occlusion); or 2) near-complete ischemia (isoelectric EEG; 10 min of MAP = 30 mmHg and bilateral carotid occlusion) while anesthetized with isoflurane (1.4%), ketamine (1mg/kg/min), or 70% N2O and fentanyl (25[micro sign]g/kg/hr). Brain temperature was controlled during and for 24 hrs post-ischemia (37.5 +/- 0.1 [degree sign]C). Five days after ischemia, hippocampal CA1 injury was measured. Percentages of dead neurons were compared amongst anesthetic groups by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc comparison method. Values = mean +/- s.d. Results: We did not detect a difference in CA1 neuronal death among anesthetic agents during incomplete ischemia (P = 0.22; fentanyl 38% +/- 20%, isoflurane 31% +/- 10%, ketamine 43% +/- 22%). During near-complete ischemia, a difference was present among anesthetic agents (P = 0.00008; fentanyl 88% +/- 9%; isoflurane 37% +/- 20%, ketamine 70% +/- 28%). By post hoc analysis, isoflurane was protective relative to fentanyl (P=0.00007) and ketamine (P=0.0061). We did not detect a significant difference between fentanyl and ketamine (P=0.143). Conclusions: Given rigorous physiologic control, outcome from near-complete but not incomplete cerebral ischemia was dependent upon the anesthetic agent administered during the ischemic insult. Exploration of the mechanistic basis for the differential effects of anesthetic agents on outcome from near-complete ischemia is warranted. (Figure 1)Figure 1: Circles depict % dead neurons in hippocampal CA1 determined 5 days after either near-complete (isoelectric EEG; LEFT) or incomplete (attenuated EEG; RIGHT) forebrain ischemia. Horizontal bars depict mean values. Isoflurane (I) caused reduced damage after near-complete ischemia when compared to either ketamine (K) or fentanyl/N2O (F). There was no effect for anesthetic on histologic outcome from incomplete ischemia.
Mechanical and Biochemical Effects of Progesterone on Engineered Cervical Tissue (2018)

Preterm birth is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Babies born prematurely are at increased risk of lifelong health problems, including neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cervical shortening precedes preterm birth in many women. Cervical shortening is caused, in part, by excessive softening of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the cervical stroma. In clinical obstetrics, cervical shortening prompts treatment with supplemental progesterone to prevent preterm birth. However, progesterone-mediated effects on the cervical ECM are not well understood. This research sought to study progesterone-mediated remodeling of ECM produced by human cervical fibroblasts <i>in vitro</i>. A previously developed three-dimensional (3D) engineered model of the cervical ECM was used for experiments. Cervical fibroblasts were seeded on porous scaffolds and cultured in spinner flasks to promote ECM synthesis. Scaffolds were exposed to two conditions: 10<sup>-8</sup> M estradiol versus 10<sup>-8</sup> M estradiol +10<sup>-6</sup> M progesterone for 4 weeks. To measure ECM strength, two scaffolds were mounted end-to-end on a wire and cultured such that ECM filled the gap between the scaffolds. The force required to pull the scaffolds apart was measured. Collagen content and collagen crosslinks were measured with ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to quantify gene expression between the two experimental conditions. Zymography was used to study the quantity and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in the scaffolds. The study found that exposure to progesterone increased tissue softness of the engineered ECM over 28 days. Increased tissue softness correlated with decreased collagen content. With RNA-seq, progesterone exposure resulted in gene expression changes consistent with known progesterone effects. Pathway analysis of the RNA-seq data suggested MMPs were significantly dysregulated in progesterone-exposed engineered ECM. Increased expression of active MMP2 was confirmed in the progesterone-exposed engineered ECM. In summary, progesterone increased the softness of the ECM, which was correlated with decreased collagen production and altered histology. These results are important for deciphering the role of progesterone in preventing preterm birth.
Effective Tool for Exploring Web: An Evaluation of Search Engines (2019)

Evaluation of search engines is necessary to check the retrieval performance of search engines and to differentiate search engines from one another. The ability to retrieve and to rank the relevant result lists can be done by the process of evaluation and this process can take place in two ways viz; human based methods where one can evaluate search engines manually to calculate the significance of the returned results but this method is time consuming and expensive, while as the second is automatic method where one can make use of various techniques like retrieval measures can be used to assess the performance of search engines.
Human TRE17 Oncogene Is Generated from a Family of Homologous Polymorphic Sequences by Single-Base Changes (1993)

The tre oncogenic locus was identified in transformants receiving human DNA from Ewing's sarcoma cells EW1. Genetic elements of tre originate from chromosomes 5, 18, and 17. The TRE17 oncogene is consistently transcribed in various human cancer cells and proves oncogenic (onc) in expression vector-based assays. Here, the nucleotide sequence of TRE17 with defined noncoding and two coding exons (4,426 nucleoides) was compared with sequences cloned from placental DNA library or generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from EW1 and independent healthy individuals. Cloned sequences displayed restriction site polymorphism, with different patterns for EW1 and normal tissues. Sequence analysis revealed that they originate from a family of homologous sequences α, β, and γ. TRE17α and less frequent TRE17β (similarity score ≅ 88%) were found in both normal and EW1 cells. oncTRE17, classified as TRE17β, differed from the wild-type TRE17β, besides a few intronic changes, by a single-base frameshift insertion in one of the coding exons. TRE17γ, so far identified in EW1 but not in normal somatic cells, diverged from oncTRE17 by 6% nucleotide substitutions and by stop codons in each reading frame. The results are consistent with the possibility that TRE17 sequences other than oncTRE17 are translated if alternatively spliced. Expression of TRE17 in normal somatic cells was, however, not yet reported.
More friends than foes? The impact of automobility-as-a-service on the incumbent automotive industry (2020)

This paper examines the scope for network platform business models offering ‘automobility-as-a-service’ to disrupt the existing automotive market and industry. The paper uses three examples (Getaround, BlaBlaCar and Uber) to illustrate distinct versions of the network platform business model concept. Despite expectations that automobility-as-a-service, enabled by digital platforms, may erode the market for new cars and the existing model of individual car ownership, the paper argues that it is not necessarily disruptive to the incumbent automotive companies. Rather, network platform business models via automobility-as-a-service are argued to be one mechanism by which the primacy of the car may be retained. In turn this has important implications for the durability of the automotive industry, and of the unsustainable aspects of platform business models.
A darwinian perspective: right premises, wrong conclusion. Comments on Niall Shanks and Rebecca Pyles' evolution and medicine: the long reach of "Dr. Darwin" (2008)

As Dobzhansky wrote, nothing in biology makes sense outside the context of the evolutionary theory, and this truth has not been sufficiently explored yet by medicine. We comment on Shanks and Pyles' recently published paper, Evolution and medicine: the long reach of "Dr. Darwin", and discuss some recent advancements in the application of evolutionary theory to carcinogenesis. However, we disagree with Shanks and Pyles about the usefulness of animal experiments in predicting human hazards. Based on the darwinian observation of inter-species and inter-individual variation in all biological functions, Shanks and Pyles suggest that animal experiments cannot be used to identify hazards to human health. We claim that while the activity of enzymes may vary among individuals and among species, this does not indicate that critical events in disease processes occurring after exposure to hazardous agents differ qualitatively between animal models and humans. In addition, the goal is to avoid human disease whenever possible and with the means that are available at a given point in time. Epidemics of cancer could have been prevented if experimental data had been used to reduce human exposures or ban carcinogenic chemicals. We discuss examples.
[Antidiarrheal agents: tools and therapeutic agents]. (1989)

A host of chemically diverse compounds have antidiarrheal potency, however, only a fraction of these agents has gained clinical acceptance. But regardless of their therapeutic status, the effects of these drugs have enhanced our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the intestinal mucosa. Fluid- and electrolyte substitution are the primary therapeutic measures in severe diarrhea, for that purpose oral rehydration using glucose-sodium solutions has proven simple and effective. In addition gut-selective opiates, for instance loperamide, are indicated. Opiates not only decrease propulsive motor activity of the bowel but also increase intestinal water and electrolyte absorption, both effects are neuronally mediated. Antimicrobial drugs are necessary in only a small fraction of patients with diarrhea. Experimental findings have indicated possible future candidates for treatment of diarrhea: Besides opiates and glucose-electrolyte solutions water and electrolyte absorption is enhanced by alpha 2-adrenergic agents, corticosteroids, and somatostatin. Inhibitors of electrolyte secretion include phenothiazines and opiates, possibly because of binding to calcium-calmodulin, calcium-channel blockers, membrane-stabilizing agents for instance propranolol and inhibitors of prostaglandin-synthesis such as non-steroidal antirheumatic agents.
MPEG-4 FGS video streaming with constant-quality rate control and differentiated forwarding (2002)

Streaming video over IP is studied by integrating the error resilient scalable source codec with constant quality rate adaptation and prioritized network transmission. The scalable codec is based on the standardized ISO/IEC MPEG-4 fine granular scalable (FGS) coding scheme, which allows arbitrary truncation according to the given rate budget. To maximize the end-to-end visual quality, constant quality video rate control (CQVRC) is proposed to preserve smooth video quality when there is a significant amount of variation in the video source, the available bandwidth or both. The proposed CQVRC attempts to provide smooth video quality for both the base layer (BL) and the enhancement layer (EL). The video stream is then prioritized for priority dropping, where rate adaptation is dynamically performed to meet the time-varying available bandwidth. This kind of prioritized stream can benefit from QoS networks such as the IP differentiated service (DiffServ). All key components, including FGS encoding, CQVRC based rate adaptation and packetization, error resilient decoding, and differentiated forwarding, are seamlessly integrated into one system. By focusing on the end-to-end quality, we set both source and network parameters properly to achieve a superior performance of FGS video streaming.
Angular Rate Optimal Design for the Rotary Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (2014)

Due to the characteristics of high precision for a long duration, the rotary strapdown inertial navigation system (RSINS) has been widely used in submarines and surface ships. Nowadays, the core technology, the rotating scheme, has been studied by numerous researchers. It is well known that as one of the key technologies, the rotating angular rate seriously influences the effectiveness of the error modulating. In order to design the optimal rotating angular rate of the RSINS, the relationship between the rotating angular rate and the velocity error of the RSINS was analyzed in detail based on the Laplace transform and the inverse Laplace transform in this paper. The analysis results showed that the velocity error of the RSINS depends on not only the sensor error, but also the rotating angular rate. In order to minimize the velocity error, the rotating angular rate of the RSINS should match the sensor error. One optimal design method for the rotating rate of the RSINS was also proposed in this paper. Simulation and experimental results verified the validity and superiority of this optimal design method for the rotating rate of the RSINS.
Cu–Al Spinel as a Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction (2019)

The reverse water gas shift reaction is considered to be a highly attractive catalytic route for CO<sub>2</sub> recycling in a future sustainable economy. Copper-based catalysts are commonly used for this reaction due to their high activity and selectivity. However, their low thermal stability is problematic for long-term usage. Here, we introduce an in situ formed surface Cu–Al spinel as a highly active and stable catalyst for the reverse water gas shift reaction. Even at high weight hourly space velocities (300 000 mL g<sup>–1</sup> h<sup>–1</sup>), we observed no detectable deactivation after 40 h of operation. Through in situ DRIFTS and DFT studies, it was found that 2-fold coordinated copper ions and 3-fold coordinated surface oxygen atoms constitute the active sites for this reaction.
Decomposed arbiters for large crossbars with multi-queue input buffers (2002)

Crossbars are key components of communication switches used to construct multiprocessor interconnection networks. For a fixed number of nodes, larger crossbars result in reduced probability of conflicts and allow packets to traverse the network in fewer hops. However, increasing the size of the crossbar also increases the delay of the arbiter used to resolve conflicting requests. The increased arbitration delay can lead to overall poor network performance. The impact of the increased arbitration delay can be mitigated by decomposing the arbitration process into multiple steps, such that some requests can be granted before the arbitration of the entire crossbar is complete. The design of such decomposed arbiters for larger crossbars is discussed. The focus is on crossbars with multi-queue buffers at their inputs. Such buffers have been shown to provide significantly higher performance than conventional FIFO buffers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Time for Austerity: Estimating the Average Treatment Effect of Fiscal Policy (2015)

Journal Article The Time for Austerity: Estimating the Average Treatment Effect of Fiscal Policy Get access Òscar Jordà, Òscar Jordà Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco and University of California, Davis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alan M. Taylor Alan M. Taylor University of California, Davis, NBER, and CEPR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 126, Issue 590, February 2016, Pages 219–255, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12332 Published: 08 February 2016 Article history Received: 03 November 2014 Accepted: 15 July 2015 Published: 08 February 2016