gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation and hepatic sinusoidal cells (1995)

Primary graft non-function of the liver is one of the common causes of retransplantation. Although the mechanism of primary graft non-function is not fully understood, a potent elucidative pathogenesis is microcirculatory disturbance due to sinusoidal damage during cold preservation and reperfusion. In this article, we discuss the possible participation of sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells (KC) in the cold preservation/reperfusion injury. Kupffer cell activation and endothelial damage were developed during the cold preservation with subsequent reperfusion. Activated KC produced a large quantity of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, and then increased ICAM-1 expression in sinusoidal endothelial cells. The reperfusion experiment showed that hypercoagulability and leucocyte adherence in the liver are strongly involved in reperfusion injury, and that KC blockade as well as anti-TNF alpha antibody and anti-ICAM-1 antibody ameliorate the injury in association with a reduction of both fibrin deposition and leucocyte accumulation. Ultrastructural observation also revealed the beneficial effect of KC blockade on the maintenance of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the thromboxane A2-thromboxane A2 receptor system in the sinusoid was also found to participate in this pathogenesis. Thus, these results suggested that cold preservation/reperfusion injury is due to sinusoidal microcirculatory disturbance, which is, at least in part, induced by communication between activated KC and sinusoidal endothelial cells through, among others, ICAM-1, cytokines and prostanoids.
Design techniques for cross-layer resilience (2010)

Current electronic systems implement reliability using only a few layers of the system stack, which simplifies the design of other layers but is becoming increasingly expensive over time. In contrast, cross-layer resilient systems, which distribute the responsibility for tolerating errors, device variation, and aging across the system stack, have the potential to provide the resilience required to implement reliable, high-performance, low-power systems in future fabrication processes at significantly lower cost. These systems can implement less-frequent resilience tasks in software to save power and chip area, can tune their reliability guarantees to the needs of applications, and can use the information available at each level in the system stack to optimize performance and power consumption. In this paper, we outline an approach to cross-layer system design that describes resilience as a set of tasks that systems must perform in order to detect and tolerate errors and variation. We then present strawman examples of how this task-based design process could be used to implement general-purpose computing and SoC systems, drawing on previous work and identifying key areas for future research.
Software Assisted Digital RF Processor for Single-Chip GSM Radio in 90 nm CMOS (2006)

This paper proposes and describes a new software and application programming interface view of an RF transceiver as implemented in the first single-chip GSM radio in 90 nm CMOS. It demonstrates benefits of using programmable digital control logic in deep-submicron CMOS RF system. It also describes a micro-processor architecture design in digital RF processor (DRP) and how it controls compensation for process, temperature and voltage variations of the analog and RF circuits to meet the required RF performance
Host and Tissue Specificity of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Is Not Mediated by Its Known Adhesion Proteins (2000)

Adhesion of Trichomonas vaginalis is believed to be dependent on four adhesion proteins, which are thought to bind to vaginal epithelial cells in a specific manner with a ligand-receptor type of interaction. However, the specific receptors on the host cell have not yet been identified. In this work, the ability of the T. vaginalis adhesins to bind to cells of different histologic derivations and from different species has been studied. HeLa, CHO, and Vero cell lines; erythrocytes from different species; and a prokaryote without a cell wall, Mycoplasma hominis, were employed in order to investigate the cell specificity of the T. vaginalis adhesins. We observed that the T. vaginalis adhesins are able to bind to the different cell types to the same extent, suggesting that the host and tissue specificity of T. vaginalis adhesion should not be due to specificity of the parasite adhesins. Our results suggest that the data published to date on the subject are probably artifactual and that the experiments reported in the literature are not appropriate for identification of protozoan adhesins.
Bayesian data fusion and inversion in X-ray multi-energy computed tomography (2011)

In this paper, we first introduce a Multi-Energy Computed Tomography (MECT) forward projection model based on the base material decomposition method. In this method, an object is considered into a linear combination of the fractions of several base materials weighted by X-ray beam energy functions. Then, three different data fusion inversion approaches are proposed to reconstruct the base material fractions. For the first pre-separation reconstruction approach, the base material decomposition is carried on in the projection space while in the second post-separation approach, the base material decomposition is carried on the attenuation coefficients. The third approach is a joint Bayesian inversion method. Finally, the reconstruction performances of the three reconstruction methods are compared on the simulated data.
Differences between first and subsequent rounds of the MRISC breast cancer screening program for women with a familial or genetic predisposition (2006)

In subsequent rounds, a significantly higher sensitivity and better discriminating capacity of MRI compared with mammography was maintained, and a favorable tumor stage compared with age-matched symptomatic controls. As results of these subsequent screening rounds were most predictive for long-term effects, the authors expect that this screening program will contribute to a decrease of breast cancer mortality in these high-risk women.
Initial investigation of speech synthesis based on complex-valued neural networks (2016)

Although frequency analysis often leads us to a speech signal in the complex domain, the acoustic models we frequently use are designed for real-valued data. Phase is usually ignored or modelled separately from spectral amplitude. Here, we propose a complex-valued neural network (CVNN) for directly modelling the results of the frequency analysis in the complex domain (such as the complex amplitude). We also introduce a phase encoding technique to map real-valued data (e.g. cepstra or log amplitudes) into the complex domain so we can use the same CVNN processing seamlessly. In this paper, a fully complex-valued neural network, namely a neural network where all of the weight matrices, activation functions and learning algorithms are in the complex domain, is applied for speech synthesis. Results show its ability to model both complex-valued and real-valued data.
Localization of low abundance dna sequences in tissue sections by <i>in situ</i> hybridization (1986)

Specific DNA sequences were loaclized in the nuclei of paraffin-embedded mouse tissue sections with in situ hybridization using a biotinylated globin probe in conjunction with a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase detection system. Globin inserts were clearly detected in the tissue sections of transgenic mice containing 1000, 120 or 5 copies of the exogenously introduced beta-globin genes. In addition, specific hybridization signal was also obtained for the endogenous complement of beta-globin genes in the tissue sections of normal mice. These results demonstrate that this hybridization procedure is very sensitive and should be useful for characterizing the distribution of low abundance DNA sequences in cells and tissue sections.
Measuring the Electric Charge and Zeta Potential of Nanometer-Sized Objects Using Pyramidal-Shaped Nanopores (2012)

Nanometer-scale pores are capable of detecting the size and concentration of nanometer-sized analytes at low concentrations upon analyzing their translocation through the pore, in small volumes and over a short time without labeling. Here, we present a simple, widely applicable, robust, and precise method to measure the zeta-potential of different nano-objects using nanopores. Zeta-potential i.e., a quantity that represents electrical charge in nanocolloids, is an important property in manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, inks, foams, cosmetics, and food. Its use is also imperative in understanding basic properties of complex dispersions including blood, living organisms, and their interaction with the environment. The characterization methods for zeta-potential are limited. Using the nanopore technique, the zeta-potential and the charge of nanoparticles can be measured independently of other parameters, such as particle size. This simple method is based on measuring the duration of the translocation of analytes through a nanopore as a function of applied voltage. A simple analytical model has been developed to extract the zeta-potential. This method is able to detect and differentiate nanometer-sized objects of similar size; it also enables the direct and precise quantitative measurement of their zeta-potential. We have applied this method to a wide range of different nanometer-sized particles and compared the results with values measured by commercially available tools. Furthermore, potential capability of this method in detection and characterization of virions is shown by measuring the low zeta-potential of HIV and EBV viruses.
Effects of cell cycle on telomerase activity and on hepatitis B virus replication in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. (2004)

The current data approve that HBV replication is associated with the cellular proliferative activity.
Digitally programmable MOS resistive circuit (2002)

A mixed-signal cell is presented which operates as a digitally-controlled differential resistor and is suited to programmable continuous-time MOSFET-C filter applications. The cell is based on a digitally-controlled extension of the MOS resistive circuit (MRC) cell, in which digital tunability is obtained by embedding in the MRC transistors both the triode-region and switch functionalities, providing a compact implementation that preserves circuit performance. Post-layout simulation results for a 3-bit prototype in 0.8 µm CMOS technology validate the feasibility of the proposed cell and its application to a digitally-tunable continuous-time MOSFET-C filter.
Mast cells and vasculature in atopic dermatitis – potential stimulus of neoangiogenesis (2004)

These data suggest that in atopic dermatitis, mast cells are abundantly localized close to and within the epidermis where they may stimulate neoangiogenesis. Via the new vessels, inflammatory cells, together with complement components and antibodies, can be transported to the epidermis to aid in the defense against environmental antigens and to maintain chronic inflammation.
The Effect of Short Production Runs on CSP-1 (1977)

The criterion for choosing which CSP-1 to employ for continuous production screening is usually the AOQL. This is based on the average fraction inspected (AFI), which has only been calculated analytically under the assumption of an infinite production run. For short production runs the AFI is higher because of the starting procedure of the plan. A formula is derived which gives a good approximation to the AFI for a finite production run.
Analysis of Distribution, Frequency, and Duration of Naturalistic Lane Changes (2002)

This paper describes preliminary results of naturalistic lane change distribution, frequency, and duration data collected unobtrusively from 16 commuters using instrumented vehicles. The study was designed to improve upon previous data collection methods and support crash avoidance system development. A total of 8,667 lane changes (including unsuccessful maneuvers) were identified and classified in terms of severity, urgency, maneuver type, and success/magnitude. The total miles driven was 23,949 (38,542 km) with an average of 37.4 miles (60.2 km) per commute and 2.76 miles (4.44 km) per lane change. More than 37% of lane changes were due to a slow vehicle ahead. The mean duration for 7,192 single lane changes was 6.28 seconds with a standard deviation of 2.0. Analysis revealed no significant effects for duration. For frequency, significantly more lane changes were completed by drivers on the interstate, perhaps due to traffic density, while sedan drivers made significantly more lane changes than SUV drivers. A significant driver type (vehicle normally driven) by route (interstate or highway) interaction was discovered, perhaps due to driving style. A gender by route interaction was also found.
Toward an optimal foundation architecture for optoelectronic computing Part II Physical construction and application platforms (1997)

Various issues pertaining to the physical construction of systems that are based on regularly interconnected device planes, such as heat removal and extensibility of the optical interconnections for larger systems, are discussed. Regularly interconnected device planes constitute a foundation architecture that is reasonably close to the best possible as defined by physical limitations. Three application platforms based on the foundation architecture described are offered.
Energy values of lactitol and lactulose as determined with miniature pigs and growing rats (1990)

Abstract Digestible and metabolisable energy values were determined by the metabolic balance method. The mean (and SEM) metabolisuble energy values for lactitol were 11.8 (0.8) arid 9.8 (1.5) kJ g −1 , respectively, for the laboratory rat arid the miniature pig. For lactulose, metabolisable energy values were 8.4 (1.0) and 9.0 (0.8) kJ g‐ −1 , respectiuely, for the rat and pig. Digestible energy vulues were little different from these metabolisable energy values indicating that the efficiency o f utilisation of the digestion products absorbed may be high.
Multi-version Execution for the Dynamic Updating of Cloud Applications (2015)

Softwares usually need to be updated to fix bugs or add new features. On the other hand, some critical softwares, such as cloud applications, need to provide service continuously, thus should be updated without downtime. Conventional Dynamic Software Updating (DSU) systems try to update programs while running, but they hardly consider the communication of the program to be updated with other programs, which may lead to some inconsistency problems. We handle the problem with an improved DSU system by using multi-version execution. When a new update arrives, instead of updating the application to the new version, we fork a new process of the old version and dynamically update it to the new version, then make these two versions run concurrently until the update finishes. We implement a prototype system called MUC (Multi-vesion for Updating of Cloud) on Linux. To verify our prototype, we apply MUC to cloud applications Redis and Ice cast, and evaluate the overhead of MUC at runtime.
An XML-based single sign-on scheme supporting OSGi framework (2005)

This work propose a single sign-on scheme in which a mobile user offers his credential information to the home network working with the OSGi service platform for obtaining user authentication and accesses to another domain using this authentication, based on the SAML standard. Having a SAML artifact in the mobile device, it can overcome the handicap of the low computing and memory capability in the mobile device.
Primary structure and synthesis of Imperatoxin A (IpTx<sub>a</sub>), a peptide activator of Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channels/ryanodine receptors (1997)

We present the complete amino acid sequence of Imperatoxin A (IpTx(a)), a 33-amino-acid peptide from the venom of the scorpion P. imperator which activates Ca2+ release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyR) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The amino acid sequence of IpTx(a) shows no homology to any scorpion toxin so far described, but shares some homology to the amino acid sequence of Tx2-9 and agelenin, two spider toxins that target neuronal P-type Ca2+ channels. We also describe the total synthesis of IpTx(a) and demonstrate that it efficiently activates RyRs with potency and affinity identical to those of native IpTx(a). The use of synthetic IpTx(a) should help in the identification of the structural motifs of RyR critical for channel gating.
DARVIZ: Deep Abstract Representation, Visualization, and Verification of Deep Learning Models (2017)

Traditional software engineering programming paradigms are mostly object or procedure oriented, driven by deterministic algorithms. With the advent of deep learning and cognitive sciences there is an emerging trend for data-driven programming, creating a shift in the programming paradigm among the software engineering communities. Visualizing and interpreting the execution of a current large scale data-driven software development is challenging. Further, for deep learning development there are many libraries in multiple programming languages such as TensorFlow (Python), CAFFE (C++), Theano (Python), Torch (Lua), and Deeplearning4j (Java), driving a huge need for interoperability across libraries. We propose a model driven development based solution framework, that facilitates intuitive designing of deep learning models in a platform agnostic fashion. This framework could potentially generate library specific code, perform program translation across languages, and debug the training process of a deep learning model from a fault localization and repair perspective. Further we identify open research problems in this emerging domain, and discuss some new software tooling requirements to serve this new age data-driven programming paradigm.
Studies on lytic enzymes toward cariogenic streptococci. Part V. Characterization of two N-acetylmuramidases from Streptomyces globisporus 1829. (1983)

Two kinds of N-acetylmuramidase, M-l and M-2 enzymes, that were isolated from the cultural broth of Stm. globisporus 1829, were remarkably different in amino acid composition, immunological properties and modes of lytic action from each other. The M-l enzyme was composed of 186 amino acid residues of which two moles were of half cystine, while the M-2 enzyme was composedof 99 amino acid residues with no cysteine. The hydrolyzing action of the M-2 enzyme was suppressed by the presence of an N-acetyl group on muramic acid residues in the peptidoglycan moiety, while that of the M-l enzyme was independent of the presence of N-acetyl groups. However, the hydrolyzing activity of both enzymes was enhanced when some muramicacid residues were substituted with stem peptides containing alanine, isoglutamine and lysine.
Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE): a physiological method of increasing apnoea time in patients with difficult airways (2014)

Emergency and difficult tracheal intubations are hazardous undertakings where successive laryngoscopy-hypoxaemia-re-oxygenation cycles can escalate to airway loss and the 'can't intubate, can't ventilate' scenario. Between 2013 and 2014, we extended the apnoea times of 25 patients with difficult airways who were undergoing general anaesthesia for hypopharyngeal or laryngotracheal surgery. This was achieved through continuous delivery of transnasal high-flow humidified oxygen, initially to provide pre-oxygenation, and continuing as post-oxygenation during intravenous induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade until a definitive airway was secured. Apnoea time commenced at administration of neuromuscular blockade and ended with commencement of jet ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation or recommencement of spontaneous ventilation. During this time, upper airway patency was maintained with jaw-thrust. Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) was used in 15 males and 10 females. Mean (SD [range]) age at treatment was 49 (15 [25-81]) years. The median (IQR [range]) Mallampati grade was 3 (2-3 [2-4]) and direct laryngoscopy grade was 3 (3-3 [2-4]). There were 12 obese patients and nine patients were stridulous. The median (IQR [range]) apnoea time was 14 (9-19 [5-65]) min. No patient experienced arterial desaturation < 90%. Mean (SD [range]) post-apnoea end-tidal (and in four patients, arterial) carbon dioxide level was 7.8 (2.4 [4.9-15.3]) kPa. The rate of increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide was 0.15 kPa.min(-1) . We conclude that THRIVE combines the benefits of 'classical' apnoeic oxygenation with continuous positive airway pressure and gaseous exchange through flow-dependent deadspace flushing. It has the potential to transform the practice of anaesthesia by changing the nature of securing a definitive airway in emergency and difficult intubations from a pressured stop-start process to a smooth and unhurried undertaking.
Response of tumour red blood cell flux to hyperthermia and/or hyperglycaemia (1989)

Laser Doppler flowmetry has been applied to subepidermal rat tumours during localized ultrasound hyperthermia and/or moderate, short-term hyperglycaemia. Blood glucose levels were elevated 4-fold by continuous i.v. infusion of D-glucose (4.8 g/kg/60 min). To determine whether the effects of hyperglycaemia on tumour blood flow involved increased rates of glycolysis and lactic acid production, galactose, a sugar not metabolized by the tumour, was administered using the same dose schedule. Hyperglycaemia was accompanied by a 3-fold increase in blood lactate levels and a slight hypervolaemic haemodilution without any significant systematic changes of the arterial blood pressure or respiratory blood gas parameters. pH of the arterial blood decreased only slightly. Results suggest that neither i.v. glucose nor i.v. galactose alone can cause any statistically significant changes in the red blood cell flux within superficial tumour regions. Doses of hyperthermia which had no effect on tumour microcirculation (e.g. at 40 degrees C), also had no impact on RBC flux when combined with moderate, short-term hyperglycaemia. However, hyperglycaemia (mean blood glucose levels 60 min after initiation of glucose loading: 21-25 mM) in conjunction with appropriate heating can decrease tumour blood flow to a greater extent than heat alone. This effect was more pronounced during 42 degrees C hyperthermia than during heating at 44 degrees C. Thus moderate short-term hyperglycaemia is recognized as a potentiator for hyperthermia at 42-44 degrees C. Intensified glycolysis and restricted venous drainage of lactic acid seem to play an important part in these pathogenetic events.
SYNTHESES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PIPERAZINONE RINGS. A REVIEW (2002)

(2002). SYNTHESES AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF PIPERAZINONE RINGS. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 367-404.
Subnanosecond piezoelectric x-ray switch (2006)

We report an ultrafast piezoelectric switch for synchrotron x rays. A thin epitaxial film of piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 works as a diffractive optical switch at frequencies from dc to &gt;1GHz. The broad frequency range allows single bunches of synchrotron x rays to be selected in an arbitrary sequence. The piezoelectric effect introduces mechanical strains of a fraction of 1% in the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 film, which can be used for blocking or passing diffracted x rays.