gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacitive Deionization -- defining a class of desalination technologies (2017)

Over the past decade, capacitive deionization (CDI) has realized a surge in attention in the field of water desalination and can now be considered as an important technology class, along with reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. While many of the recently developed technologies no longer use a mechanism that follows the strict definition of the term "capacitive", these methods nevertheless share many common elements that encourage treating them with similar metrics and analyses. Specifically, they all involve electrically driven removal of ions from a feed stream, storage in an electrode (i.e., ion electrosorption) and release, in charge/discharge cycles. Grouping all these methods in the technology class of CDI makes it possible to treat evolving new technologies in standardized terms and compare them to other technologies in the same class.
Peptide models of dynorphin A(1-17) incorporating minimally homologous substitutes for the potential amphiphilic .beta. strand in residues 7-15 (1990)

Two peptide models of dynorphin A(1-17) have been synthesized. These peptides incorporate a minimally homologous substitute sequence for residues 6-17, including alternating lysine and valine residues substituting for the potential amphiphilic beta-strand structure in positions 7-15. Model 1 retains Pro10 from the native sequence, but model 2 does not. Compression isotherms of peptide monolayers at the air-water interface and CD spectra of peptide films adsorbed from aqueous solution onto siliconized quartz slides were evaluated by comparison to those of idealized amphiphilic alpha-helical, beta-sheet, and disordered peptides. Dynorphin A(1-17) was mostly disordered, whereas beta-endorphin was alpha helical. Dynorphin model 1 had properties similar to those of dynorphin A(1-17) at these interfaces, but model 2 formed strongly amphiphilic beta sheets. In binding assays to mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors in guinea pig brain membranes, model 1 reproduced the high potency and selectivity of dynorphin A(1-17) for kappa receptors, and model 2 was only 3 times less potent and less selective for these receptors. Both peptide models retained the high, kappa-selective agonist activity of dynorphin A(1-17) in guinea pig ileum assays, and like dynorphin A(1-17), model 1 had little activity in the rat vas deferens assay. In view of the minimal homology of the modeled dynorphin structures, these studies support current models of membrane-catalyzed opioid ligand-receptor interactions and suggest a role for the amphiphilic alpha-helical and beta-strand structures in beta-endorphin and dynorphin A(1-17), respectively, in this process.
Effect of a gelatin-based edible coating containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the quality and nutrient retention of fresh strawberries during storage (2014)

Strawberry is a non-climacteric fruit with a very short postharvest shelf-life. Loss of quality in this fruit is mostly due to its relatively high metabolic activity and sensitivity to fungal decay, meanly grey mold (Botrytis cinerea). In this study, the ability of gelatin coatings containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) to extend the shelf-life of strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa) over 8 days were studied. The filmogenic solution was obtained by the hydration of 5 g of gelatin (GEL) in 100 mL of distillated water containing different amounts of CNC dispersion (10 mg CNC/g of GEL or 50 mg of CNC/g of GEL) for 1 hour at room temperature. After this period, the solution was heated to 70 ºC and maintained at this temperature for 10 minutes. The plasticizer (glycerol) (10g/100g of the GEL) was then added with constant, gentle stirring in order to avoid forming air bubbles and also to avoid gelatin denaturation until complete homogenization. Strawberries (purchased at the local market) were immersed in the filmogenic solution for 1 minute and after coated were dried at 15 ºC by 24 hours. The strawberries were then kept under refrigeration and characterized in terms of their properties (weight loss, ascorbic acid content, titratable acidity, water content). The results have shown that samples covered with GEL/CNC had a significant improvement in its shelflife. For instance, for the control sample (without coating) the weight loss after 8 days of storage was around 65%, while covered samples loss in the range of 31-36%. Edible coating was also effective in the retention of ascorbic acid (AA) in the strawberries, while control sample presented a fast decay in the AA content, covered samples showed a slow decay in the AA concentration. Moreover, the use of GEL/CNC edible coating had an antimicrobial effect in the fruits
Sidewall-angle effect on the bottom etch profile in SiO2 etching using a CF4 plasma (2001)

The dependence of the bottom etch profile on the sidewall angle in the CF4 plasma etching of an SiO2 film was investigated using a Faraday cage, which allowed ions to impinge on the sidewall at specified angles. The bottom etch profile obtained at −500 V was not affected by the sidewall when the angle between the sidewall and the bottom surface was 45° but showed microtrenching when the angle was greater than 60°. The microtrench depth increased until the angle reached 80°, beyond which the local etch rate was drastically reduced to allow the corner rounding of the bottom profile. As the sidewall angle increases, the etch rate of the bottom surface near the corner is controlled by two opposing factors. The decreasing number of incident ions on the sidewall surface and the increasing shadowing of the bottom surface from ions and neutrals by the sidewall contribute to the reduced etch rate, whereas the increasing kinetic energy and the narrower ion-angular distribution of the ions reflected from the sidewall contribute to the enhancement of the etch rate. In addition to these factors, the enhanced roughness of the sidewall surface due to the fluorocarbon film deposition plays the critical role of suppressing the microtrench formation. Microtrenching was not observed when the sidewall surface was covered with rough fluorocarbon film but was observed when the surface was smooth due to the energy transferred by ions higher than the threshold energy for the fluorocarbon film sputtering.
Modulations of sirtuin 1 protein levels by nicotine and β‐ cryptoxanthin can be mediated by miR‐34a in A/J mice lung cancer model (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small endogenous non‐coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in a post‐transcriptional manner and target important molecules in carcinogenesis. We recently found that nicotine promoted lung tumorigenesis and emphysema in tobacco‐carcinogen (NNK)‐treated male A/J mice. We found that lung levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein were decreased in the mice treated with the combination of NNK and nicotine. Moreover, β‐ cryptoxanthin (BCX) supplementation to these mice suppressed both lung tumor and emphysema development, which accompanied by SIRT1 protein restoration to normal levels without sirt1 mRNA alteration. This observation indicated a potential post‐transcriptional regulation of SIRT1. We then conducted real‐time PCR analyses to measure the lung levels of miR‐34a and miR‐217, which have been shown to hinder sirt1 translation. We observed that the levels of miR‐34a were increased in the lungs of the mice treated with the combination of NNK and nicotine, whereas miR‐217 levels were not different among all groups. The levels of miR‐34a in the lungs of the BCX‐supplemented mice were restored to that of the normal levels, indicating an inverse association between the levels of miR‐34a and SIRT1 protein. Our data indicate that the modulation of SIRT1 protein level by nicotine/BCX can be mediated by miR‐34a regulation in the nicotine‐promoted emphysema/lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. Grant Funding Source : U.S. Department of Agriculture grant 1950–51000‐064S
Federated Doubly Stochastic Kernel Learning for Vertically Partitioned Data (2020)

In a lot of real-world data mining and machine learning applications, data are provided by multiple providers and each maintains private records of different feature sets about common entities. It is challenging to train these vertically partitioned data effectively and efficiently while keeping data privacy for traditional data mining and machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we focus on nonlinear learning with kernels, and propose a federated doubly stochastic kernel learning (FDSKL) algorithm for vertically partitioned data. Specifically, we use random features to approximate the kernel mapping function and use doubly stochastic gradients to update the solutions, which are all computed federatedly without the disclosure of data. Importantly, we prove that FDSKL has a sublinear convergence rate, and can guarantee the data security under the semi-honest assumption. Extensive experimental results on a variety of benchmark datasets show that FDSKL is significantly faster than state-of-the-art federated learning methods when dealing with kernels, while retaining the similar generalization performance.
The Evolution of Biological Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling--a Genomic Perspective (2005)

Research Article| January 01, 2005 The Evolution of Biological Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling—a Genomic Perspective Jason Raymond Jason Raymond Microbial Systems Division, Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, U.S.A., jason.raymond@llnl.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Jason Raymond Microbial Systems Division, Biosciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, U.S.A., jason.raymond@llnl.gov Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 09 Mar 2017 © The Mineralogical Society Of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (2005) 59 (1): 211–231. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2005.59.9 Article history First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Jason Raymond; The Evolution of Biological Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling—a Genomic Perspective. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 2005;; 59 (1): 211–231. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2005.59.9 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyReviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry Search Advanced Search Carbon and nitrogen are essential to all living organisms, owing to their abundance and remarkable characteristics when participating in chemical bonds. Their essentiality dates back to the very origin of life, where current theories hypothesize either a prebiotic abundance of organic compounds rich in carbon and nitrogen, or an ability to assimilate them inorganically through abiotic reactions that might have been catalyzed on ancient mineral surfaces. This chapter details the core reactions essential to the assimilation of these elements in biologically useful forms—the so-called fixation of carbon and nitrogen—focusing on recent literature and insights from comparative genomics and phylogenetics. Though... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
De-embedding transmission lines using a full-wave EM-simulated pad model (2010)

A novel de-embedding method using a full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulated pad model is proposed to de-embed the pad parasitics from the test structure at high frequencies. The conventional de-embedding methods using the “open-short” approach and “symmetrical-line” approach are prone to error at high frequencies, while the EM-simulated-pad de-embedding method presented here shows improved accuracy and good agreement with the EM simulations result up to 67 GHz.
Gold dithiocarboxylates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGold dithiocarboxylatesB. Chiari, O. Piovesana, T. Tarantelli, and P. F. ZanazziCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 3, 366–371Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00197a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00197a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Neurotoxicity of bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma: A single‐center experience and review of the literature (2007)

The risk of bortezomib-related PN was greater in patients who had PN and DM at baseline. The authors concluded that an unexpected, symptomatic improvement of PN on lenalidomide is worth further investigation.
HTLV‐I Uveitis: A Distinct Clinical Entity Caused by HTLV‐I (1992)

Seroepidemiological, clinical and virological studies were carried out in an HTLV-I endemic area to find out if HTLV-I caused an intraocular inflammatory disorder, uveitis. The seroprevalence in patients with uveitis without defined etiologies (62/175, 35.4%) was significantly higher than that in patients with non-uveitic ocular diseases (42/261, 16.1%) or in patients with uveitis with defined etiologies (8/78, 10.3%). Moreover, the seroprevalence in young adults (20-49 years) with uveitis without defined etiologies was 30/67 (44.8%), whereas it was only 10/107 (9.3%) in the other two groups. The uveitis in HTLV-I carriers was characterized clinically by a moderate inflammation of the vitreous body accompanied by a mild iritis and retinal vasculitis. The proviral DNA of HTLV-I was detected by polymerase chain reaction from the inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber in 9 out of 9 seropositive patients with the uveitis, but not in any of the tested patients with other types of uveitis. These data, thus, indicate that HTLV-I causes a specific type of intraocular inflammation, uveitis.
Aminocarbene Complexes as Intermediates in the Ruthenium-Assisted Aminolysis of Phenylacetylene to Isonitriles and Toluene (1999)

Various primary amines and NH3 have been found to react in THF with the Ru(II) vinylidene complex fac,cis-[(PNP)RuCl2{CC(H)Ph}], affording aminocarbene derivatives of the general formula fac,cis-[(PNP)RuCl2{C(NHR)(CH2Ph)}] (PNP = CH3CH2CH2N(CH2CH2PPh2)2; R = CH3CH2CH2, Ph, cyclo-C6H11, (R)-(+)-CH(Me)(Ph), (R)-(−)-CH(Me)(Et), (S)-(−)-CH(Me)(1-naphthyl), H). With piperidine as the starting material, the tertiary aminocarbene fac,cis-[(PNP)RuCl2{C(NC5H10)(CH2Ph)}] has been obtained. The aminocarbene complexes are formed through an unforeseen mechanism in which 2 equiv of amine is involved: one serves to deprotonate the vinylidene Cβ carbon atom, while the other coordinates the metal center and then brings about an intramolecular nucleophilic attack onto the Cα carbon atom of a σ-phenylethynyl ligand. The (phenylethynyl)amine intermediates have been isolated and characterized. The aminocarbene derivative fac,cis-[(PNP)RuCl2{C(NH(S)-(−)-CH(Me)(1-naphthyl))(CH2Ph)}] has been authenticated by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Upon thermolysis in wet solvents, generally THF, the secondary aminocarbene complexes generate toluene and transform quantitatively into the corresponding isonitrile derivatives fac,cis-[(PNP)RuCl2(C⋮NR)] (R = CH3CH2CH2, Ph, cyclo-C6H11, (R)-(+)-CH(Me)Ph, (R)-(−)-CH(Me)Et). In contrast, the primary aminocarbene fac,cis-[(PNP)RuCl2{C(NH2)(CH2Ph)}] and the tertiary aminocarbene [(PNP)RuCl2{C(NC5H10)(CH2Ph)}] are thermally stable up to 150 °C. The mechanism for the aminocarbene to isonitrile conversion has been found to involve the intermediacy of iminoacyl and (benzyl)isonitrile Ru(II) compounds, which have been intercepted and identified from independent reactions.
T-cell defect in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas involves expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (2016)

In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the number of circulating monocytes and neutrophils represents an independent prognostic factor. These cell subsets include monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M- and G-MDSCs) defined by their ability to suppress T-cell responses. MDSCs are a heterogeneous population described in inflammatory and infectious diseases and in numerous tumors including multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and DLBCL. However, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. We broadly assessed the presence and mechanisms of suppression of MDSC subsets in DLBCL. First, a myeloid suppressive signature was identified by gene expression profiling in DLBCL peripheral blood. Accordingly, we identified, in a cohort of 66 DLBCL patients, an increase in circulating G-MDSC (Lin(neg)HLA-DR(neg)CD33(pos)CD11b(pos)) and M-MDSC (CD14(pos)HLA-DR(low)) counts. Interestingly, only M-MDSC number was correlated with the International Prognostic Index, event-free survival, and number of circulating Tregs. Furthermore, T-cell proliferation was restored after monocyte depletion. Myeloid-dependent T-cell suppression was attributed to a release of interleukin-10 and S100A12 and increased PD-L1 expression. In summary, we identified expanded MDSC subsets in DLBCL, as well as new mechanisms of immunosuppression in DLBCL.
A study on the effects of photosensitizer concentration on singlet oxygen mediated photobleaching (2013)

The effects of photosensitizer concentration on singlet oxygen mediated photobleaching have been investigated in keratinocytes. Cells with different photosensitizer concentration were identified on the basis of the fluorescence signal amplitude and their fluorescence decay was then studied to see if there was a correlation with concentration. The experimental results show that the photobleaching was more rapid at higher concentration than at lower concentration, indicating that singlet oxygen plays a vital role in the rapid m-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) induced fluorescence photobleaching, causing the sensitizer to degrade.
Shape preserving local histogram modification (1999)

A novel approach for shape preserving contrast enhancement is presented in this paper. Contrast enhancement is achieved by means of a local histogram equalization algorithm which preserves the level-sets of the image. This basic property is violated by common local schemes, thereby introducing spurious objects and modifying the image information. The scheme is based on equalizing the histogram in all the connected components of the image, which are defined based both on the grey-values and spatial relations between pixels in the image, and following mathematical morphology, constitute the basic objects in the scene. We give examples for both grey-value and color images.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN COMPUTING AND INFORMATION (2012)

Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing resources, not a new technology. Computing services ranging from software processing to storing data, instantly, commitment-free and on-demand. The massive concentrations of resources and data present a more attractive target to attackers; hence the cloud’s economies of scale and flexibility are both a friend and a foe from a security point of view. There are three general categories of services offered in cloud computing. They are Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). The risk and benefit associated with each model differ. Talking about SaaS, organizations are adopting these new models and as the number of applications increases, more and more data gets shared, thus further increasing the risk of a data breach, where sensitive data gets exposed to unauthorized parties. Increasing frequency of stolen information and identity theft has focused awareness on data security and privacy breaches—and their consequences. Data Masking addresses this problem by irreversibly replacing the original and sensitive data with realistic data that has same type and characteristics as the original data thus enabling organizations to share this information in compliance with policies and regulations.
Identification of Intracellular Bacteria in the Ciliate<i>Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni</i>(Ciliophora, Litostomatea) (2020)

The ciliate Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni is the most prominent protist in the guts of grass carp, where it mainly inhabits the creamy luminal contents of the hindgut. Ciliates are generally colonized by microorganisms via phagotrophic feeding. In order to study the intracellular bacteria in this ciliate, we have successfully established it in in vitro culture. Herein, we investigated and compared the bacterial community structures of cultured and freshly collected B. ctenopharyngodoni. The results showed that these two groups exhibited different bacterial communities. The most abundant bacterial family in freshly collected samples was Enterobacteriaceae, while in cultured samples it was Fusobacteriaceae. In addition, a key intracellular bacterium, Cetobacterium somerae, was identified in the cytoplasm of cultured ciliates using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This study shows that ciliates can retain the intracellular bacteria acquired in the natural habitat for quite a long time, but the bacterial community structure of ciliates eventually changes after a long period of cultivation.
Nucleophilic Substitution at the 4‘-Position of Nucleosides: New Access to a Promising Anti-HIV Agent 2‘,3‘-Didehydro-3‘-deoxy-4‘-ethynylthymidine (2006)

For the synthesis of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine (8: 4'-Ed4T), a recently reported promising anti-HIV agent, a new approach was developed. Since treatment of 1-(2,5-dideoxy-beta-L-glycero-pent-4-enofuranosyl)thymine with Pb(OBz)4 allowed the introduction of the 4'-benzoyloxy leaving group, nucleophilic substitution at the 4'-position became feasible for the first time. Thus, reaction between the 4'-benzoyloxy derivative (14) and Me3SiCCAl(Et)Cl as a nucleophile led to the isolation of the desired 4'-"down"-ethynyl derivative (18) stereoselectively in 62% yield. As an application of this approach, other 4'-substituted nucleosides, such as the 4'-allyl (24a) and 4'-cyano (26a) derivatives, were synthesized using organosilicon reagents. In these instances, pretreatment of 14 with MeAlCl2 was necessary.
The effect of temperature upon pain during injection of propofol (1996)

Propofol has been shown to cause pain on injection. This study investigated the effect of warming propofol to 37 degrees C on the pain of intravenous injection. One hundred and one women on outpatient gynaecology lists were allocated to receive propofol either at room temperature or at 37 degrees C. Warming propofol decreased the incidence of pain on injection by 37% (p < 0.001), and also decreased the severity of pain reported by patients (p < 0.001). We conclude that warming propofol to 37 degrees C provides a simple and safe method of reducing the incidence of pain on injection without the addition of other agents.