gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ribosome as an entropy trap (2004)

To determine the effectiveness of the ribosome as a catalyst, we compared the rate of uncatalyzed peptide bond formation, by the reaction of the ethylene glycol ester of N-formylglycine with Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, with the rate of peptidyl transfer by the ribosome. Activation parameters were also determined for both reactions, from the temperature dependence of their second-order rate constants. In contrast with most protein enzymes, the enthalpy of activation is slightly less favorable on the ribosome than in solution. The 2 x 10(7)-fold rate enhancement produced by the ribosome is achieved entirely by lowering the entropy of activation. These results are consistent with the view that the ribosome enhances the rate of peptide bond formation mainly by positioning the substrates and/or water exclusion within the active site, rather than by conventional chemical catalysis.
Fastpitch: Parallel Text-to-Speech with Pitch Prediction (2021)

We present FastPitch, a fully-parallel text-to-speech model based on FastSpeech, conditioned on fundamental frequency contours. The model predicts pitch contours during inference. By altering these predictions, the generated speech can be more expressive, better match the semantic of the utterance, and in the end more engaging to the listener. Uniformly increasing or decreasing pitch with FastPitch generates speech that resembles the voluntary modulation of voice. Conditioning on frequency contours improves the overall quality of synthesized speech, making it comparable to state-of-the-art. It does not introduce an overhead, and FastPitch retains the favorable, fully-parallel Transformer architecture, with over 900× real-time factor for mel-spectrogram synthesis of a typical utterance.
SOME TOXICITY ASPECTS OF DICHLORVOS FLEA COLLARS IN CATS (1977)

The effects of the application of a single dichlorvos flea collar containing 500 mg of the insecticide were observed in 23 growing cats for periods of from 1 to 15 weeks. No overt signs of toxicity occurred and weight gain in young growing animals was not significantly affected. Whole blood cholinesterase was reduced within the first week of application of the collar and remained below pretreatment levels for 5 to 8 weeks before returning to normal presumably as the insecticide concentration in the resin was progressively reduced. Signs of systemic organophosphate toxicity did occur within 1 week of the application of three collars to each of two cats kept in the same cage. This suggested that the likelihood of toxicity occurring in cats following the use of dichlorvos flea collars depended mainly on the degree of exposure to the insecticide. Considering recent reports in the literature it was proposed that the environmental conditions of temperature (11 degrees to 23 degrees C) and relative humidity (50 to 65%) under which the experiments were carried out would have promoted a relatively low atmospheric concentration of dichlorvos in the near environment of the test animals and hence generally prevented occurrence of clinical signs. Under most conditions of keeping domestic cats in Australia the use of a single dischlorvos flea collar should therefore be without any untoward effect although some initial and transient inhibition of whole blood and nervous tissue cholinesterases would be expected.
Efficient and mechanically robust stretchable organic light-emitting devices by a laser-programmable buckling process (2016)

Stretchable organic light-emitting devices are becoming increasingly important in the fast-growing fields of wearable displays, biomedical devices and health-monitoring technology. Although highly stretchable devices have been demonstrated, their luminous efficiency and mechanical stability remain impractical for the purposes of real-life applications. This is due to significant challenges arising from the high strain-induced limitations on the structure design of the device, the materials used and the difficulty of controlling the stretch-release process. Here we have developed a laser-programmable buckling process to overcome these obstacles and realize a highly stretchable organic light-emitting diode with unprecedented efficiency and mechanical robustness. The strained device luminous efficiency -70 cd A(-1) under 70% strain - is the largest to date and the device can accommodate 100% strain while exhibiting only small fluctuations in performance over 15,000 stretch-release cycles. This work paves the way towards fully stretchable organic light-emitting diodes that can be used in wearable electronic devices.
Toward the Aqueous Processing of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>: A Comparative Study with LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (2012)

International audience
Design of simple synthetic RNA thermometers for temperature-controlled gene expression in Escherichia coli (2008)

RNA thermometers are thermosensors that regulate gene expression by temperature-induced changes in RNA conformation. Naturally occurring RNA thermometers exhibit complex secondary structures which are believed to undergo a series of gradual structural changes in response to temperature shifts. Here, we report the de novo design of considerably simpler RNA thermometers that provide useful RNA-only tools to regulate bacterial gene expression by a shift in the growth temperature. We show that a single small stem-loop structure containing the ribosome binding site is sufficient to construct synthetic RNA thermometers that work efficiently at physiological temperatures. Our data suggest that the thermometers function by a simple melting mechanism and thus provide minimum size on/off switches to experimentally induce or repress gene expression by temperature.
Measurement uncertainties in filter and low-loss measurements (2002)

The author of this paper extends the understanding of measurement uncertainty by introducing new terms to the standard error models, and provides practical understanding to the importance of error sources and DUT characteristics in interpreting the quality of real-world measurements.
Geospatial Object Detection In Remote Sensing Images Based On Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Automatic object detection is a basic but challenging problem in remote sensing images (RSIs) interpretation. Recently, a context-based top-down detection architecture has been proposed, which generates high-quality fusion features at all scales for object detection and significantly improves the accuracy of traditional detection framework. However, in the top-down architecture, small objects are easily lost in deep layers and the context cues will be weakened simultaneously. In this paper, to tackle these problems mentioned above, a novel Multi-scale Detection Network (MSDN) is proposed. The proposed method maintains the resolution of deep features, which enhances the capability of multi-scale objects feature expression. Meanwhile, a dilated bottleneck structure is introduced, which effectively enlarges the receptive filed and improves the regression ability of multi-scale objects. The proposed method is evaluated on NWPU VHR-10 benchmarks and achieves impressive improvement over the comparable state-of-the-art detection framworks.
SUPEROXIDE RADICALS, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES AND THE AEROBIC LIFESTYLE (1978)

Abstract— The superoxide radical (O ‐ 2 ) is a commonplace product of the biological reduction of molecular oxygen and plays an important role in oxygen toxicity. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) catalytically scavenge this radical and are the primary defense against its cytotoxicity. The data which support these statements have been briefly reviewed. Oxygen enhances the lethality of certain antibiotics, such as streptonigrin, and of ionizing radiation as well. The role of O ‐ 2 in the enhancements is presented and the basis of the radioprotective effects of SOD discussed. Several more recent developments are presented in detail including: (a) The induction of the MnSOD of E. coli upon exposure to very low levels of oxygen, (b) The changes in SOD in E. coli as a function of nutritional state, during culture in a chemostat. (c) A convenient new assay and activity stain for SOD.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthetic Recombinase-Based State Machines (2017)

State machines underlie the sophisticated functionality behind man-made and natural computing systems that perform order-dependent information processing. We developed a recombinase-based framework for building state machines in living cells by leveraging chemically controlled DNA excision and inversion operations to encode state in DNA sequence. This strategy enables convenient read-out of states by sequencing and/or PCR, as well as complex regulation of gene expression. We validated our framework by engineering state machines in Escherichia coli that used up to three chemical inputs to control 16 DNA states. These state machines were capable of recording the temporal order of all inputs and performing multi-input, multi-output control of gene expression. We also developed a computational tool for the automated design of gene regulation programs using recombinase-based state machines. Our scalable framework should enable new strategies for recording and studying how combinational and temporal events regulate complex cell functions and for programming sophisticated cell behaviors.
Measurement and Application of Equivalent Input Distortion (2004)

A new technique for measuring nonlinear distortion in transducers is presented which considers a priori information from transducer modeling. Transducers are single-input, multiple-output (SIMO) systems where the dominant nonlinearities can be concentrated in a single source, adding nonlinear distortion to the input signal. Assessing the distortion at the source results in more meaningful data describing the large-signal behavior of loudspeakers independent of the linear transfer response. Since the distortion source is not accessible for direct measurements, the equivalent input distortions are calculated from the sound pressure output. This technique makes it possible to predict the distortion in the sound field, to investigate the influence of the acoustical environment (room), and to separate noise and other disturbances not generated by the transducer.
Using tactile aids to provide low frequency information for cochlear implant users (2013)

Cochlear implant (CI) users have shown benefit from residual low-frequency hearing in the contra-lateral ear (Dorman and Gifford, 2010). One source of this benefit is the enhancement of cues important for identifying word boundaries (Spitzer et al., 2009). However, there are a large number of CI users who do not have residual hearing, but who could presumably benefit from cues available in low-frequency information. Because the frequency sensitivity of human haptic sensation is similar to that of human acoustic hearing in low frequencies, we examined the ability of tactile aids to convey low-frequency cues. Using experimental phrases designed to have low inter-word predictability, and balanced for syllabic stress (trochaic/iambic), 5 CI users and 10 normal hearing participants (simulation) provided transcriptions that were scored for percent words-correct and for errors in word segmentation (lexical boundary errors, LBE). A 350 Hz sinusoid carrier modulated with overall envelope of corresponding acoustic signal drove two bone-anchored hearing aids (BAHA), which participants held while listening. Results showed a small but significant improvement on percent words correct with tactile aid, and fewer word segmentation errors. These findings support the benefit of tactile information in the perceptual task of lexical segmentation.
Feedforward Sequential Memory Networks: A New Structure to Learn Long-term Dependency (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel neural network structure, namely \emph{feedforward sequential memory networks (FSMN)}, to model long-term dependency in time series without using recurrent feedback. The proposed FSMN is a standard fully-connected feedforward neural network equipped with some learnable memory blocks in its hidden layers. The memory blocks use a tapped-delay line structure to encode the long context information into a fixed-size representation as short-term memory mechanism. We have evaluated the proposed FSMNs in several standard benchmark tasks, including speech recognition and language modelling. Experimental results have shown FSMNs significantly outperform the conventional recurrent neural networks (RNN), including LSTMs, in modeling sequential signals like speech or language. Moreover, FSMNs can be learned much more reliably and faster than RNNs or LSTMs due to the inherent non-recurrent model structure.
LGBT Inclusivity in Transpersonal Psychology: A Case for Incorporating LGBT Spiritual Experiences in Transpersonal Education (2021)

After conducting three qualitative interviews on the somatic experiences of transgender individuals and finding relatively few resources with which to draw significant conclusions in the field, it is clear that Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) scholarship is severely lacking in transpersonal psychology. Method: This research revealed that an understanding and appreciation for the lived experiences of gay people––specifically that of gay men––are also limited and are not appropriately represented through the use of feminist or queer models. Therefore, an alarming number of issues affecting the transgender and gay male populations are not being adequately addressed within the discipline of transpersonal psychology. Results: Several key issues surrounding the integration of spiritual and religious experiences were exposed, directly affecting the transgender and gay male populations, as well as areas in which practitioners may support and better understand the innumerable challenges facing LGBT clients and students. Conclusion: Additional considerations were discussed to demonstrate how members of the trans and gay communities may assist the field of transpersonal psychology, as it seeks to expand its reach and visibility.
Signal-Dependent Variable-Resolution Clockless A/D Conversion With Application to Continuous-Time Digital Signal Processing (2010)

A variable-resolution (VR) quantizer with input-activity-dependent adjustable resolution is presented. Several potential schemes are discussed; the favored scheme achieves adjustable resolution by level skipping according to the speed of the input. The advantages of a VR analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) are presented with applications in continuous-time (CT) digital signal processing systems. It is shown that a decrease in resolution for fast inputs does not corrupt the in-band spectrum while leading to a reduction in the number of samples produced by a CT ADC. The result is a significant decrease in power dissipation but without in-band performance degradation. Analysis and extensive simulations are provided. Simulations using signals in the voice band show that a power reduction of over 80% is achievable with a VR quantization.
Heart rate variability in left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, and the effects of beta-blockade (1991)

An analysis of heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) was based on quantifying the number and amplitude of HR fluctuations over long (8-30 cycles) and short (2-4 cycles) sequences of acceleration and deceleration-forming oscillations. The 'product' (number times amplitude) is an equivalent of the power spectrum in the frequency domain. In the time domain, positive correlations with HR were found for the number of long (L) sympathetic-mediated oscillations, whereas they were negative for short (S) vagally-mediated oscillations. The L/S ratio, an index of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance, closely paralleled the circadian HR values. HRV was studied in the ambulatory ECG of three groups of 15 normal adults (group I), 13 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, group II) and 13 patients with heart failure (HF, group III). In basic conditions the mean HR was 77.1 +/- 1.9 beats min-1 (mean +/- SEM) in group I, 76.8 +/- 3.3 in II, 79.5 +/- 3.5 in III (P = NS). The different types of oscillations had smaller 24-h average values of the product in groups II and III than in group I, but the trends did not reach significance. However, the pooled 24 hourly values of the L/S ratio in group I (1.17 +/- 0.09) were lower than in group II (1.33 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.05 at Ancova) and higher than in group III (1.06 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.001). A 3-day treatment with acebutolol non-uniformly slowed the mean HR:--9.5% in group I, --18.1% in II and -19.1% in III (P less than 0.001), and uniformly diminished the L/S ratio by 17% to 20% (P less than 0.01). In conclusion, the sympathetic predominance of the ANS balance in LVH and HF is reflected by the beta-blockade induced HR decrease that is twice as marked in patients as in controls. In basic conditions HRV tends to be depressed in LVH and even more in HF. The ANS imbalance, however, has different modalities depending on the presence of HF, probably because of the different status of beta-adrenergic receptors in this condition.
Motion vector quantization for video coding (1995)

A new algorithm is developed for the vector quantization of motion vectors. This algorithm, called motion vector quantization (MVQ), simultaneously estimates and vector quantizes the motion vectors by reinterpreting the block matching algorithm as a type of vector quantization. An iterative design algorithm, based on this concept, is developed. In addition to reducing rate for fixed length encoding, the algorithm also reduces the computation considerably. We include coding simulation results on the Flower Garden sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fast‐Responsive Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Gold Ions in Water and Synthetic Products. (2011)

Abstract A fast responsive fluorescent gold ion probe based on the unexpected gold ion‐mediated hydrolysis of acylsemicarbazide (III) to the corresponding carboxylic acid is reported.
Synthetic photochemistry. A new synthesis of (±)-zizaene via an intramolecular variant of the de Mayo reaction (1983)

Irradiation of a 1:1 mixture of the enol acetates (10) and (31) derived from the cyclopentane-1,3-dione (30), is shown to produce a 7:3 mixture of the cycloadducts (32) and (33), resulting from intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition in the enol acetate (10).Fragmentation of the mesylate (34b) derived from the cycloadduct (32) then leads to the alkene (35), which on hydrogenation produces an unresolved mixture of α-(minor) and β-(major) methyl epimers, (37) and (39) respectively, of the tricyclic ketone (36). The tricyclic ketone (37) has been converted previously into (±)-zizaene (1).The new approach to (37) formally completes a new total synthesis of (±)-zizaene (1) and its methyl epimer.
ARABINAN DEFICIENT 1 Is a Putative Arabinosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Pectic Arabinan in Arabidopsis (2005)

The function of a putative glycosyltransferase (At2g35100) was investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The protein is predicted to be a type 2 membrane protein with a signal anchor. Two independent mutant lines with T-DNA insertion in the ARABINAN DEFICIENT 1 (ARAD1) gene were analyzed. The gene was shown to be expressed in all tissues but particularly in vascular tissues of leaves and stems. Analysis of cell wall polysaccharides isolated from leaves and stems showed that arabinose content was reduced to about 75% and 46%, respectively, of wild-type levels. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a specific decrease in arabinan with no change in other pectic domains or in glycoproteins. The cellular structure of the stem was also not altered. Isolated rhamnogalacturonan I from mutant tissues contained only about 30% of the wild-type amount of arabinose, confirming the specific deficiency in arabinan. Linkage analysis showed that the small amount of arabinan present in mutant tissue was structurally similar to that of the wild type. Transformation of mutant plants with the ARAD1 gene driven by the 35S promoter led to full complementation of the phenotype, but none of the transformants had more arabinan than the wild-type level. The data suggest that ARAD1 is an arabinan alpha-1,5-arabinosyltransferase. To our knowledge, the identification of other L-arabinosyltransferases has not been published.
p53, WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 expression in skin lesions associated with human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus. (1997)

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) express various gene products, such as E6 protein which complexes with the p53 tumor suppressor protein and therefore diminishes p53-related regulatory mechanisms. This interaction is assumed to be HPV type-specific as "high risk" or oncogenic HPV types have more affinity for p53 binding than their "low risk" or non-oncogenic counterparts. Furthermore, HIV infection is believed to activate latent HPV infection and transcription via direct and indirect interaction with HPVs as well as cellular genes and functions. Accordingly, we carried out experiments on biopsies which originated from condylomas ("low risk" HPVs), HIV-positive condylomas (infection with multiple "low risk" and "high risk" HPVs) and anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs, "high risk" HPV infection). Using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and western immunoblotting, mRNA and protein levels of p53 and genes regulated by p53, such as mdm2 and WAF1/CIP1 were determined. We found that the presence of HPV can diminish p53 and increase WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 protein levels. There were no significant differences in this regulation between "low risk" and "high risk" lesions. Our data suggest that these HPV-mediated cellular effects are not type-specific, and they might be part of a viral-cell interaction or represent a cellular defense mechanism against the virus. However, HIV-seropositivity renders HPV lesions containing both "low risk" and "high risk" significantly different. This may be due to the alteration of HPV-controlling cellular pathways by HIV tat and/or activation of cellular pathways different from HIV-negative counterparts. Either possibility is of great interest and needs further verification.
The Immersed Interface Method for Nonlinear Differential Equations with Discontinuous Coefficients and Singular Sources (1998)

We extend the immersed interface method of LeVeque and Li to find numerical solutions of one-dimensional parabolic partial differential equations of the form $u_t = (\beta(x,t) u_x)_x + (\lambda(x,t) u)_x + {\kappa}u u_x-f(x)$, where $\beta$, u, $\beta u_x$, and f may have known discontinuities at a known location $x = \alpha$. At each time step, a large, weakly nonlinear system is set up using a difference scheme which is standard away from $x = \alpha$ and which is derived for grid points near $\alpha$ by solving small linear systems which are determined from the jumps at $x = \alpha$. The time-stepping is done with a Crank--Nicholson scheme, and the nonlinear systems are solved with a Levenberg--Marquardt method. As an example, we consider the flow of cars on a one-lane highway with an entrance or exit, where traffic is treated as a continuous fluid. Numerical examples show that we can compute solutions to these equations with second-order accuracy.