gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically Active Polyamides Having (−)-Anti Head-to-Head Coumarin Dimer Component. 3. Chiral Recognition Ability (1987)

Abstract Optically active polyamides (3a–f) and O-methylated polyamides (5a,d,e), derived from (−)-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer [(−)-1], were absorbed on macroporous silica gel particles and used as chiral stationary phases for direct resolution of racemates (6–13) having aromatic moiety by high-performance liquid chromatography. Polyamide 3a and 3e could resolve 6–10 and 9–13, respectively (separation factor α&gt;1.03), and 3d showed especially high selective recognition ability to 7 (α=1.63). However, 3c,f and 5a showed no resolution ability to all of the racemates. The high recognition ability of 3a is attributed mainly to the difference in stability between the diastereomeric complexes formed by the simultaneous interaction of 3a with the racemates. The recognition ability of polyamides derived from piperazine (3d, 5d) and 1,4-phenyl-enediamine (3e, 5e) seems to be attributed not only to the simultaneous interaction but also to their ordered conformations in the film state.
Improving the resolution of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry by exploiting the correlation between ion position and velocity (1994)

Abstract By taking into account the correlation between the positions and velocities of desorbed ions in the source region of a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer and by including this relationship in the equations used to determine spacefocusing conditions, it is predicted that matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectral resolution can be improved significantly. Experiments involving MALDI of two proteins, insulin and ubiquitin, demonstrate the validity of this concept. Adduct formation does not limit mass spectral resolution in these two cases.
Memristor: the enabler of computation-in-memory architecture for big-data (2015)

This paper briefly discusses a new architecture, Computation-In-Memory (CIM Architecture), for specific data-intensive applications; it is based on the integration of storage and computation in the same physical location (crossbar topology) and the use of non-volatile resistive-switching technology (memristive devices or memristors in short) instead of CMOS technology. The architecture has the potential of improving the energy-delay product, computing efficiency and performance area by at least two orders of magnitude.
Scattered PET data for attenuation-map reconstruction in PET/MRI: Fundamentals (2014)

It is well-known that attenuation correction is important in Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and particularly challenging when the latter is combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Recently, we have presented techniques to use scattered PET coincidences for reconstruction of attenuation maps. These techniques primarily rely on scatter-to-attenuation back-projection of scattered coincidences on potential scattering locations in image space. In this article, we present some of the fundamentals not included in, but useful for comprehending these previous publications. This comprises examples illustrating the need for additional information in PET-based PET attenuation correction (in particular, sinogram and image-space ambiguities), a scatter coordinate system used for expressing integral terms, and the derivation of a single-scatter measurement equation similar to those found earlier by other authors.
A Seamless Transition Scheme of Position Sensorless Control in Industrial Permanent Magnet Motor Drives With Output Filter and Transformer for Oil Pump Applications (2020)

This article proposes a position sensorless control scheme for the induction and permanent magnetic low-voltage (LV) motor drives with an output filter and transformer for an electric submersible pump (ESP) and progressive cavity pump (PCP). The proposed sensorless strategy covers the full-speed range for ESP drives. An open velocity loop, current regulated sensorless controller is utilized to drive induction and permanent magnet motors (PMMs) during starting and at low speeds. A field-oriented controller (FOC) that utilizes an estimated rotor position based upon motor back electromotive force (EMF) is utilized to drive the motor at higher speeds. A seamless transition between controllers for the two operational modes, i.e., low-speed control and high-speed control, is proposed in this article. With velocity mode control over the full-speed range and mode control hysteresis, a smooth transition between open loop and EMF-based observer control can be achieved. The sensorless control scheme presented in this article has been implemented in a commercial drive for an ESP (deep well) application.
Field-balanced adaptive optics error function for wide field-of-view space-based systems (2002)

Adaptive optics are regularly used in ground-based astronomical telescopes. These applications are characterized by a very narrow (~1 arcmin) field of view. For economic reasons, commercial space- based earth-observing optical systems must have a field of view as large as possible. We develop a new error function that is an extension of conventional adaptive optics for wide field-of-view optical systems and show that this new error function enables diffraction-limited performance across a large field of view with only one deformable mirror. This new error function allows for reprogramming of aberration control algorithms for particular applications by the use of an addressable weighting function.
Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Detection by Anatase Modification of Titanium Dioxide (1992)

From the viewpoint of industrial and automobile exhaust pollution control, a sensor capable of detecting and measuring the concentration of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the ambient is desired. This paper describes the development and use of a titania (TiO 2 )‐based semiconducting oxide material as a reliable and rugged CO and H 2 gas sensor in the temperature range of 773 to 1073 K. Significant change in the sensing characteristic of the anatase modification of TiO 2 was observed when admixed with an insulating second phase, such as alumina or yttria. In the case of TiO 2 –10 wt% Al 2 O 3 , the sensor response was found to be exclusively dependent on the hydrogen concentration alone; the presence of CO or CO 2 did not affect the sensitivity. On the other hand, the sensor based on TiO 2 –10 wt% Y 2 O 3 showed increased sensitivity to CO and decreased sensitivity to H 2 , compared to that of the undoped TiO 2 . Addition of elemental iron, in small concentration, to the two‐phase mixture of titania and yttria seemed to further improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the latter to CO.
An Efficient TIS Measurement Technique Based on RSSI for Wireless Mobile Stations (2010)

A technique for using a receive signal strength indicator to measure the total isotropic sensitivity of a wireless handset is proposed in this paper. This technique separates the measurements of the mobile station radiated sensitivity and its receive antenna gain. A single measurement of the mobile station radiated sensitivity is performed while the mobile station antenna gain is obtained through the receive signal strength indicator. Hence, a significant reduction in measurement time can be achieved. The fundamental theory for the method is described. Techniques for reducing the ±2 dB error in the receive signal strength indicator reporting system and the improvement of the measurement resolution are developed. Overall, this technique can reduce measurement time by a significant factor and also improve measurement accuracy over the conventional measurement approach.
Single-Image Vignetting Correction (2008)

In this paper, we propose a method for robustly determining the vignetting function given only a single image. Our method is designed to handle both textured and untextured regions in order to maximize the use of available information. To extract vignetting information from an image, we present adaptations of segmentation techniques that locate image regions with reliable data for vignetting estimation. Within each image region, our method capitalizes on the frequency characteristics and physical properties of vignetting to distinguish it from other sources of intensity variation. Rejection of outlier pixels is applied to improve the robustness of vignetting estimation. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique on a broad range of images with both simulated and natural vignetting effects. Causes of failures using the proposed algorithm are also analyzed.
EXTENDED OPTIMAL FILTERS FOR ADAPTIVE-ONTRANSMIT RADAR SYSTEMS USING BINARY CODES (2012)

This study introduces an extended optimal filtering technique for adaptive-on-transmit radar based on the transmission of pseudorandom noise waveforms as a method to simultaneously achieve low sidelobe level and spectral purity without degrading the main peak of the cross-correlation function. The proposed method is an extended version of the classical optimal filtering technique, resulting in longer codes with three simultaneously improved features that usually work in trade-off: 1) the cross-correlation function (CCF) sidelobe level is reduced in direct proportion to the filter length, K ; 2) the out-ofband spectral suppression is at least 40 dB for pseudorandom binary sequences (PRBS); and 3) the frequency spectrum tail presents a decay given by K -4 , offering larger out-of-band frequency suppression. The proposed technique provides skew-symmetry to the input signal and is tested on PRBS, Barker, and Golay pair of complementary codes. The proposed codes are also demonstrated to be Doppler resistant and offer better multipath capability.
Two-photon 3-D optical memories (1991)

An optical volume memory based on two photon effect providing high storage density and memory bandwidth is described. Preliminary experimental data is presented.
GC Content-Based Pan-Pox Universal PCR Assays for Poxvirus Detection (2009)

Chordopoxviruses of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae, infect vertebrates and consist of at least eight genera with broad host ranges. For most chordopoxviruses, the number of viral genes and their relative order are highly conserved in the central region. The GC content of chordopoxvirus genomes, however, evolved into two distinct types: those with genome GC content of more than 60% and those with a content of less than 40% GC. Two standard PCR assays were developed to identify chordopoxviruses based on whether the target virus has a low or high GC content. In design of the assays, the genus Avipoxvirus, which encodes major rearrangements of gene clusters, was excluded. These pan-pox assays amplify DNA from more than 150 different isolates and strains, including from primary clinical materials, from all seven targeted genera of chordopoxviruses and four unclassified new poxvirus species. The pan-pox assays represent an important advance for the screening and diagnosis of human and animal poxvirus infections, and the technology used is accessible to many laboratories worldwide.
RNA-editing cytidine deaminase Apobec-1 is unable to induce somatic hypermutation in mammalian cells (2003)

Antibody diversification by somatic hypermutation, gene conversion, and class switch recombination is completely dependent on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). A recent report showing induction of DNA mutations in Escherichia coli by overexpression of AID, Apobec-1, and related members of the RNA-editing cytidine deaminase family suggested that they may directly modify deoxycytidine in DNA in mammalian cells (DNA-editing model). We therefore examined whether Apobec-1 bona fide RNA-editing enzyme could show somatic hypermutation and class switching activities in murine B lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Unlike AID, Apobec-1 was unable to induce somatic hypermutation or class switching. The results force a reevaluation of the physiological significance of the DNA deaminase activities of AID and Apobec-1 in E. coli and in vitro.
Structural and Initial Biological Analysis of Synthetic Arylomycin A<sub>2</sub> (2007)

The growing threat of untreatable bacterial infections has refocused efforts to identify new antibiotics, especially those acting by novel mechanisms. While the inhibition of pathogen proteases has proven to be a successful strategy for drug development, such inhibitors are often limited by toxicity due to their promiscuous inhibition of homologous and mechanistically related human enzymes. Unlike many protease inhibitors, inhibitors of the essential type I bacterial signal peptidase (SPase) may be more specific and thus less toxic due to the enzyme's unique structure and catalytic mechanism. Recently, the arylomycins and related lipoglycopeptide natural products were isolated and shown to inhibit SPase. The core structure of the arylomycins and lipoglycopeptides consists of a biaryl-linked, N-methylated peptide macrocycle attached to a lipopeptide tail, and in the case of the lipoglycopeptides, a deoxymannose moiety. Herein, we report the first total synthesis of a member of this group of antibiotics, arylomycin A2. The synthesis relies on Suzuki-Miyaura-mediated biaryl coupling, which model studies suggested would be more efficient than a lactamization-based route. Biological studies demonstrate that these compounds are promising antibiotics, especially against Gram-positive pathogens, with activity against S. epidermidis that equals that of the currently prescribed antibiotics. Structural and biological studies suggest that both N-methylation and lipidation may contribute to antibiotic activity, whereas glycosylation appears to be generally less critical. Thus, these studies help identify the determinants of the biological activity of arylomycin A2 and should aid in the design of analogs to further explore and develop this novel class of antibiotic.
NorLeu <sup>3</sup> -Angiotensin (1-7) [DSC127] as a Therapy for the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2015)

<b>Significance:</b> Diabetes is a disorder that is well known to delay wound repair resulting in the formation of colonized chronic wounds. Over their lifetime, diabetic patients have a 25% incidence of foot ulcers (DFUs), which contribute to increased risk of morbidity, including osteomyelitis and amputations, and increased burden to the healthcare system. <b>Recent Advances:</b> The only active product approved for the treatment of diabetic ulcers, Regranex<sup>®</sup>, is not widely used due to minimal proven efficacy and recent warnings added to the Instructions for Use. A novel topical agent that accelerates healing and increases the proportion of fully healed DFUs, DSC127 [aclerastide; active ingredient, NorLeu<sup>3</sup>-angiotensin (1-7) (NorLeu<sup>3</sup>-A(1-7))], is recruiting patients in Phase III clinical trials (NCT01830348 and NCT01849965). NorLeu<sup>3</sup>-A(1-7) is an analog of the naturally occurring peptide, angiotensin 1-7. The mechanisms of action include induction of progenitor proliferation, accelerated vascularization, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Current modalities for the treatment of DFUs include strict offloading, bandaging, debridement and, on a limited basis, application of Regranex. Novel potent therapies are needed to combat this significant burden to the diabetic patient and the healthcare system. <b>Future Direction:</b> Preclinical and clinical research shows that DSC127 is highly effective in the closure of diabetic wounds and is superior to Regranex in animal studies. Clinical development of DSC127 as a topical agent for the healing of DFU is underway. Further investigation into the mechanisms by which this product accelerates healing is warranted.
Dynamical Metamaterials at Terahertz Frequencies (2006)

Utilizing terahertz time domain spectroscopy, we characterized the electromagnetic response of planar Split Ring Resonators fabricated on GaAs. Optical excitation is sufficient to turn off the electric resonance demonstrating the potential of SRR terahertz switches. Other aspects of active control of metamaterials will also be discussed
All-Optical Multiorder Distortion Elimination in a Phase-Modulated Microwave Photonic Link (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical architecture for the linearization of a phase-modulated interferometrically detected microwave photonic link. We couple off a small part of the phase-modulated signal and combine it with a pump lightwave to produce a comb of idlers in a cascaded four-wave mixing process. The phase-matching requirement of the cascaded process ensures that integer multiples of the original signal's temporal phase modulate each of the idlers. We accomplish the linearization by filtering, scaling, and recombining a subset of the idlers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a simultaneous third-order, fifth-order, and all even-order distortion free links in either intensity or phase-modulated architectures. We experimentally measure a 108.8-dB SFDR for the conventional link, 116.1 dB for the third-order distortion-free link, and 116.9 dB for the third-order and fifth-order distortion-free links, each in a 1-Hz bandwidth. We show that the experimentally measured SFDR improvement is primarily limited by an increased phase noise on the correction lightwaves. Specifically, we measure a 24.2-dB noise figure for the conventional link, 38.7 dB for the third-order distortion-free link, and 45 dB for the third-order and fifth-order distortion-free links. We discuss the source of this added noise and methods for mitigation in the future work, which could lead to a 134.8-dB SFDR in a 1-Hz bandwidth for a shot noise limited link with ~1 mA per photodiode.
DNA-encircled lipid bilayers (2018)

Lipid bilayers and lipid-associated proteins play crucial roles in biology. As in vivo studies and manipulation are inherently difficult, membrane-mimetic systems are useful for the investigation of lipidic phases, lipid-protein interactions, membrane protein function and membrane structure in vitro. In this work, we describe a route to leverage the programmability of DNA nanotechnology and create DNA-encircled bilayers (DEBs). DEBs are made of multiple copies of an alkylated oligonucleotide hybridized to a single-stranded minicircle, in which up to two alkyl chains per helical turn point to the inside of the toroidal DNA ring. When phospholipids are added, a bilayer is observed to self-assemble within the ring such that the alkyl chains of the oligonucleotides stabilize the hydrophobic rim of the bilayer to prevent formation of vesicles and support thermotropic lipid phase transitions. The DEBs are completely free of protein and can be synthesized from commercially available components using routine equipment. The diameter of DEBs can be varied in a predictable manner. The well-established toolbox from structural DNA nanotechnology, will ultimately enable the rational design of DEBs so that their size, shape or functionalization can be adapted to the specific needs of biophysical investigations of lipidic phases and the properties of membrane proteins embedded into DEB nanoparticle bilayers.
White-light interferometric multimode fiber-optic strain sensor (1993)

A white-light interferometric extrinsic Fabry-Perot strain sensor that uses a multimode fiber is demonstrated. The Fabry-Perot cavity length is measured with the help of a Fizeau interferometer. The sensor is described, and some results obtained at this time are given. The strain measurements are absolute and perfectly linear, with a sensitivity of 0.25 micrometers per meter (micro). the design of a thermally autocompensated strain sensor is also presented.
Physical security of elliptic curve cryptography (2014)

La Cryptographie sur les Courbes Elliptiques (abréviée ECC de l'anglais Elliptic Curve Cryptography) est devenue très importante dans les cartes à puces car elle présente de meilleures performances en temps et en mémoire comparée à d'autres cryptosystèmes asymétriques comme RSA. ECC est présumé incassable dans le modèle dit « Boite Noire », où le cryptanalyste a uniquement accès aux entrées et aux sorties. Cependant, ce n'est pas suffisant si le cryptosystème est embarqué dans un appareil qui est physiquement accessible à de potentiels attaquants. En plus des entrés et des sorties, l'attaquant peut étudier le comportement physique de l'appareil. Ce nouveau type de cryptanalyse est appelé cryptanalyse physique. Cette thèse porte sur les attaques physiques sur ECC. La première partie fournit les pré-requis sur ECC. Du niveau le plus bas au plus élevé, ECC nécessite les outils suivants : l'arithmétique sur les corps finis, l'arithmétique sur courbes elliptiques, la multiplication scalaire sur courbes elliptiques et enfin les protocoles cryptographiques. La deuxième partie expose un état de l'art des différentes attaques physiques et contremesures sur ECC. Pour chaque attaque, nous donnons le contexte dans lequel elle est applicable. Pour chaque contremesure, nous estimons son coût en temps et en mémoire. Nous proposons de nouvelles attaques et de nouvelles contremesures. Ensuite, nous donnons une synthèse claire des attaques suivant le contexte. Cette synthèse est utile pendant la tâche du choix des contremesures. Enfin, une synthèse claire de l'efficacité de chaque contremesure sur les attaques est donnée.
Halo Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2007)

We describe a novel radio frequency ion trap mass analyzer based on toroidal trapping geometry and microfabrication technology. The device, called the halo ion trap, consists of two parallel ceramic plates, the facing surfaces of which are imprinted with sets of concentric ring electrodes. Radii of the imprinted rings range from 5 to 12 mm, and the spacing between the plates is 4 mm. Unlike conventional ion traps, in which hyperbolic metal electrodes establish equipotential boundary conditions, electric fields in the halo ion trap are established by applying different radio frequency potentials to each ring. The potential on each ring can be independently optimized to provide the best trapping field. The halo ion trap features an open structure, allowing easy access for in situ ionization. The toroidal geometry provides a large trapping and analyzing volume, increasing the number of ions that can be stored and reducing the effects of space-charge on mass analysis. Preliminary mass spectra show resolution (m/Deltam) of 60-75 when the trap is operated at 1.9 MHz and 500 Vp-p.
Collective atom phase-controlled noise-free photon echoes using double rephasing and optical locking (2011)

Using collective atom phase control a population inversion-free photon echo scheme has been studied for quantum memory applications. For the inversion-free photon echoes a double rephasing method is combined with optical locking, where the optical locking coherently controls each atom phase excited by weak data pulses. As a result, intensity flattened, normally ordered, storage time-extended, and noise-free photon echoes are obtained.