gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐speed, thermally modulated SFE/GC for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in solid matrices (1992)

Abstract A coupled supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and high‐speed gas chromatography (GC) system was developed which permits simultaneous sample extraction and analysis. A thermal desorption modulator at the head of a 50‐μm i.d. capillary column was used as an interface between the SFE and GC. The extraction fluid was first split between the modulator and a waste collection vessel. The substances introduced into the modulator were concentrated in the stationary phase and then released as a sharp injection pulse to the analytical column by electrical resistance heated thermal desorption. The modulator was operated at 10‐s time intervals, which generated consecutive concentration pulses to the column. These concentration pulses were separated into individual chromatograms by high‐speed GC. A set of chromatograms could be generated while the extraction proceeded. With this system, the extractant was sampled continuously so that the SFE process could be monitored in real time for selected components. Quantitative results could be extrapolated before extraction was complete from curves obtained by signal averaging of segmented chromatograms from the set.
Fabrication of Micro-Optical Systems with Deep X-Ray Lithography (2002)

Preassembled, prealigned microlens systems have been fabricated in PMMA using Deep X-ray Lithography (DXRL)1. These systems consist of crossed cylindrical lenses with ≈0.3-mm apertures. Lithographically defined masks and two exposures from a synchrotron beam can produce arrays of micro- imagers, micro-spectrometers, etc.
Cooperative Cumulants-Based Modulation Classification in Distributed Networks (2018)

Automatic modulation classification of unknown wireless signals has been studied as a key technology in several cognitive radio and military applications. However, few studies have examined the performance of cooperative classification, in which spatially scattered nodes share their data to generate an overall decision of the unknown modulation scheme. In this paper, we propose a centralized feature-level cooperative classification framework using maximum likelihood (ML) combining algorithm. Each node estimates a set of features, based on high-order cumulants, that are combined at a fusion center using ML to produce a final decision. We present new theoretical models for ML combining performance, as well as computer simulations, under both additive white Gaussian noise and flat Rayleigh fading channels. In addition, a new hierarchical framework for cooperative modulation classification of larger sets of modulation schemes is presented. Finally, the performance of the cooperative framework with correlated signals is studied. Analysis and simulations validate the theoretical models and prove the efficiency of the proposed cooperative framework under different scenarios.
Chemical synthesis of homogeneous glycopeptides and glycoproteins (2010)

Oligosaccharides linked to proteins are known to play important roles in several biological events. However, oligosaccharides are heterogeneous, which has hindered detailed elucidation of oligosaccharide functions. In order to solve this problem, glycoproteins having homogeneous oligosaccharides have long been required. For this purpose, an efficient preparative method of complex-type oligosaccharides has been investigated from a natural source and this method was found to afford over 24 kinds of diverse complex-type oligosaccharides by use of chemical methods and branch-specific sequential glycosidase digestion. The sufficient amount of homogeneous complex type oligosaccharides obtained enabled us to examine the synthesis of homogeneous glycopeptides as well as glycoproteins by use of solid phase glycopeptide synthetic method and native chemical ligation. This review describes recent progress related to the efficient method of oligosaccharide preparation and synthesis of glycoproteins including bioactive erythropoietin.
Novel amino-β-lactam derivatives as potent cholesterol absorption inhibitors (2014)

Two new trans-(3R,4R)-amino-β-lactam derivatives and their diastereoisomeric mixtures were synthesized as ezetimibe bioisosteres and tested in in vitro and in vivo experiments as novel β-lactam cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Both compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity in MDCKII, hNPC1L1/MDCKII, and HepG2 cell lines and potent inhibitory effect in hNPC1L1/MDCKII cells. In addition, these compounds markedly reduced cholesterol absorption in mice, resulting in reduced cholesterol concentrations in plasma, liver, and intestine. We determined the crystal structure of one amino-β-lactam derivative to establish unambiguously both the absolute and relative configuration at the new stereogenic centre C17, which was assigned to be S. The pKa values for both compounds are 9.35, implying that the amino-β-lactam derivatives and their diastereoisomeric mixtures are in form of ammonium salt in blood and the intestine. The IC50 value for the diastereoisomeric mixture is 60 μM. In vivo, it efficiently inhibited cholesterol absorption comparable to ezetimibe.
A Twin Fiber Bragg Grating Probe for the Dimensional Measurement of Microholes (2014)

A fiber probe with a novel structure of twin fiber Bragg grating sensitive to both contacts along x-axis and z-axis is proposed for measurement of microholes with high aspect ratio. The main conundrums during the dimensional measurement of microholes with high aspect ratio, such as shadowing effect, limited probing space, and requirement of multidimensional tactile sense are well solved using the proposed probe. Sensing principle and decoupling algorithm has been verified through experiments. Experimental results indicate that the influence of manufacture defects and the misalignment between probe and measurement coordinates can be reduced through rotation and tilt calibration. The contact displacement sensitivity is 12.91 pm/μm and 49.75 pm/μm along x-axis and z-axis, respectively. A microhole with an aspect ratio of 10:1 can be measured using the proposed twin fiber Bragg grating probe.
711. Intravenous Neonatal Gene Therapy Corrects GM2 Gangliosidosis in Sandhoff Mice for Long-Term, By Using AAV Viral Vector Expressing a New Hexosaminidase Variant (2015)

GM2 gangliosidosis is a group of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by the malfunctioning Hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme, for which there is no treatment. HexA is composed of two similar, but non-identical subunits, the alpha and the beta, which must interact with the GM2 activator protein, a substrate-specific cofactor, to hydrolyze GM2. Mutation in either subunit (or the activator) results in the development of GM2 gangliosidosis. In these diseases, the malfunctioning protein is unable to play its role in cleaving GM2 ganglioside, whose accumulation within the neurons of the central nervous system is ultimately toxic. The resulting neuronal death induces the primary symptoms of the disease; motor impairment, seizures, and sensory impairments. The aim of this study is to observe the long-term in vivo effects of a novel treatment in a Sandhoff (beta deficient) mouse model. The treatment utilized a new Hex isoenzyme, Hex M, which functions as a homodimer in the treatment of GM2 gangliosidosis. The HexM subunit is a variant of the human Hex alpha subunit containing critical beta-components that allow it to form stable homodimers and interact with the GM2 activator protein to reduce substrate storage. Our methods include intravenous injections of the neonatal mice with a self-complementary vector (with a synthetic promoter) expressing HexM at day 0-1. We monitored one cohort for 8 weeks and another cohort long-term (>40 weeks) for biochemical, behavioural and molecular analyses. Through the enzymatic and GM2 ganglioside lipid analyses, we see that with a slight increase in enzyme activity, there is a significant increase in the clearance of GM2 gangliosides. On behavioural tests, the treated mice outperform their knockout age matched controls. While the untreated controls die before the age of 15 weeks, treated animals have survived to more than 40 weeks and are still being monitored. The molecular analyses reveal a uniform distribution of the vector between brain and spinal cord regions. In conclusion, the neonatal delivery of our newly synthesized viral vector expressing HexM to the Sandhoff mice provided long-term correction of the disease. This study will have implications not only for treatment of Sandhoff, but also Tay-Sachs disease (alpha deficiency).
Ultrasound time-reversal MUSIC imaging with diffraction and attenuation compensation (2012)

Time-reversal imaging with multiple signal classification (TR-MUSIC) is an algorithm for imaging point-like scatterers embedded in a homogeneous and non-attenuative medium. We generalize this algorithm to account for the attenuation in the medium and the diffraction effects caused by the finite size of the transducer elements. The generalized algorithm yields higher-resolution images than those obtained with the original TR-MUSIC algorithm. We evaluate the axial and lateral resolutions of the images obtained with the generalized algorithm when noise corrupts the recorded signals and show that the axial resolution is degraded more than the lateral resolution. The TR-MUSIC algorithm is valid only when the number of point-like targets in the imaging plane is fewer than the number of transducer elements used to interrogate the medium. We remedy this shortcoming by dividing the imaging plane into subregions and applying the TR-MUSIC algorithm to the windowed backscattered signals corresponding to each subregion. The images of all subregions are then combined to form the total image. Imaging results of numerical and phantom data show that when the number of scatterers within each subregion is much smaller than the number of transducer elements, the windowing method yields super-resolution images with accurate scatterer localization. We use computer simulations and tissue-mimicking phantom data acquired with a real-time synthetic-aperture ultrasound system to illustrate the algorithms presented in the paper.
Relational recurrent neural networks (2018)

Memory-based neural networks model temporal data by leveraging an ability to remember information for long periods. It is unclear, however, whether they also have an ability to perform complex relational reasoning with the information they remember. Here, we first confirm our intuitions that standard memory architectures may struggle at tasks that heavily involve an understanding of the ways in which entities are connected -- i.e., tasks involving relational reasoning. We then improve upon these deficits by using a new memory module -- a \textit{Relational Memory Core} (RMC) -- which employs multi-head dot product attention to allow memories to interact. Finally, we test the RMC on a suite of tasks that may profit from more capable relational reasoning across sequential information, and show large gains in RL domains (e.g. Mini PacMan), program evaluation, and language modeling, achieving state-of-the-art results on the WikiText-103, Project Gutenberg, and GigaWord datasets.
On-Line Surfactant Monitoring by Foam Generation (1996)

We have developed an instrument that measures the concentration of surfactants or surface active agents. The device continuously monitors the concentration of surfactants on-line, in real time, and is particularly suited for process monitoring or process control. The device operates by creating a foam. The height of the foam is proportional to the concentration of the available surface active agent. The foam height is measured optically. The device is inexpensive and can be used to demonstrate the properties of surface active agents. It is particularly applicable to environmental chemistry courses.
Development of a new ARCHITECT automated periostin immunoassay (2016)

Our studies provide support that the ARCHITECT Periostin Immunoassay is a reliable and robust test for measuring serum periostin concentrations.
A Fully Integrated Digital LDO With Coarse–Fine-Tuning and Burst-Mode Operation (2016)

The digital low dropout regulator (D-LDO) has drawn significant attention recently for its low-voltage operation and process scalability. However, the tradeoff between current efficiency and transient response speed has limited its applications. In this brief, a coarse-fine-tuning technique with burst-mode operation is proposed to the D-LDO. Once the voltage undershoot/ overshoot is detected, the coarse tuning quickly finds out the coarse control word in which the load current should be located, with large power MOS strength and high sampling frequency for a fixed time. Then, the fine-tuning, with reduced power MOS strength and sampling frequency, regulates the D-LDO to the desired output voltage and takes over the steady-state operation for high accuracy and current efficiency. The proposed D-LDO is verified in a 65-nm CMOS process with a 0.01-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area. The measured voltage undershoot and overshoot are 55 and 47 mV, respectively, with load steps of 2 to 100 mA with a 20-ns edge time. The quiescent current is 82 μA, with a 0.43-ps figure of merit achieved. Moreover, the reference tracking speed is 1.5 V/μs.
Beam clean-up utilizing spatial optical solitary waves in KTP (1996)

Since the first demonstration of spatial solitary waves in a quadratic nonlinear optical material, such materials have been studied for potential all-optical applications. Potential applications of solitary wave formation include efficient beam cleanup of badly distorted spatial profiles. By taking advantage of the solitary wave formation in a Type II phasematched χ(2) bulk crystal above threshold, a badly distorted beam profile can be converted into a circular shape at the exit face of the material. Beam clean-up measurements were conducted with use of a 1-cm-long bulk KTP crystal oriented to an SHG phase mismatch of ΔkL = 3π. The source used was a Q-switched, modelocked, Nd:YAG system that provided 35 ps pulses at 10 Hz at a wavelength of 1064 nm.
<title>Temporal and resolution layering in advanced television</title> (1996)

Current proposals for advanced television for the United States are based upon the premise that temporal and resolution layering are inefficient. These proposals therefore only provide a menu of individual formats from which to select, but each format only encodes and decodes a single resolution and frame rate. In addition, it is being suggested by some people that interlace is required, due to their claimed need to have one thousand lines at high frame rates, but based upon the notion that such images cannot be compressed within the available 18 mbits/second. This paper discusses an approach to image compression which demonstrably achieves thousand line image compression at high frame rates with high quality. It also achieves both temporal and spatial scalability at this resolution at high frame rates within the available 18 mbits/second. This technique efficiently encodes 2 megapixel images at 72 frames per second, achieving over twice the compression ratio being proposed by ACATS for advanced television. Further, this proposed technique is more robust than the current unlayered ACATS format proposal for advanced television, since all of the bits may be allocated to the lower resolution base layer when stressful image material is encountered. Thus, a number of key technical attributes are provided by this proposal, allowing substantial improvement over the ACATS proposal. These improvements include: the replacement of numerous resolutions and frame rates with a single layered resolution and frame rate; no need for interlace in order to achieve a thousand lines of two million pixels at high frame rates; and compatibility with computer displays through the use of 72 frames per second.
Design of a 2-D Fairing for a Wind Turbine Tower (2013)

An aerodynamic shroud was designed to reduce the effects of the wind turbine tower wake on the blades of a downwind rotor. For a given tower diameter and wind speed the shroud was designed to have the minimum drag and minimum chord length downstream of tower centerline, while being able to self-align and resist flow separation when subjected to a non-zero angle of attack. The initial analysis was run using XFOIL and showed that a three-to-one chord-to-thickness ratio resulted in the minimum drag. Based on this result, the NACA0033 airfoil was selected as the baseline. Further analysis showed that a shroud of this shape will not self-align due to the tower center being located behind the aerodynamic center. A new series of airfoils was created to have a 33% thickness ratio starting from a NACA0028, NACA0030, and NACA0031. The resulting airfoils all had significant adverse pressure gradients near their maximum thickness locations that could lead to flow separation. A new group of airfoils were created by adjusting the existing airfoil geometry using PROFOIL. Of the 13 airfoil designs that were analyzed, the C30u design had the best overall performance and met all of the objectives. At a Reynolds number based on tower diameter of 8.3x10, the C30u design had a drag coefficient based on inscribed tower diameter of 0.0193, which represents a 97.5% reduction in the drag of the cylinder. At a 5 degree angle of attack, the C30u design had a pitching moment coefficient of -0.0128.
Harmonic distortion reduction on seismic vibrators (2010)

To improve seismic resolution using vibroseis, vibrators must output the ground-force energy with minimum harmonic distortion. Four main sources within the vibrator system cause the ground force to suffer severe harmonic distortion: the nonlinear servo-valve flow-pressure character-istics, the servo-valve characteristics near null, the fluctuations in the hydraulic pressure, and the nonlinear contact-stiffness between the baseplate and the ground. Modeling was undertaken to investigate and quantify harmonic distortion from each source. As a result, three modifications have been made to reduce the harmonic distortion of the ground force:
Synthesis of 20-hydroxy-, 20-amino-, and 20-nitro-14-hydroxy-21-nor-5.beta.,14.beta.-pregnane C-3 glycosides and related derivatives: structure-activity relationships of pregnanes that bind to the digitalis receptor (1993)

The preparation of derivatives of 14-hydroxy-21-nor-5 beta,14 beta-pregnane and 5 beta,14 beta-pregnane C-3 alpha-L-rhamnosides and tris-beta-D-digitoxosides is described. These derivatives, possessing a C-17 beta COCH2OH, CH2OH, CO2H, CO2Me, CH2NH2, or CH2NO2 group, bind to the digitalis receptor recognition site of heart muscle as measured in a radioligand binding assay. The 21-norpregnane derivatives consistently show greater binding affinity than the corresponding 20 alpha- and 20 beta-pregnane analogs. The C-20 nitro rhamnoside is comparable to digitoxin in binding affinity. The 17 beta-CH2NO2 group is the most effective replacement for the unsaturated lactone in the binding assay found so far, showing binding affinity comparable to that of the cardiac glycosides.
Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer Realized with Novel Tunable Devices (2005)

With the unprecedented increase of internet and broadband services, communication industries are requiring new solutions to reduce network complexity and to provide low cost dynamic provisioning. Reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) is a promising network element to meet these requirements since it provides the flexibility of selecting arbitrary channels in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks.
Bispecific BCMA-CD3 Antibodies Block Multiple Myeloma Tumor Growth (2022)

BCMA antigen is overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells and has been shown to be a promising target for novel cellular and antibody therapeutics. The humanized BCMA (clone 4C8A) antibody that effectively targeted multiple myeloma in a CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) format was used for designing several formats of bispecific BCMA-CD3 antibodies. Several different designs of univalent and bivalent humanized BCMA-CD3 CrossMAB and BCMA-FAB-CD3 ScFv-Fc antibodies were tested for binding with BCMA-positive cells and T cells and for killing by real time cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma secretion with CHO-BCMA target cells and with multiple myeloma MM1S and H929 cell lines. All BCMA-CD3 antibodies demonstrated specific binding by FACS to CHO-BCMA, multiple myeloma cells, and to T cells with affinity Kd in the nM range. All antibodies with T cells specifically killed CHO-BCMA and multiple myeloma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The BCMA-CD3 antibodies with T cells secreted IFN-gamma with EC<sub>50</sub> in the nM range. In addition, three BCMA bispecific antibodies had high in vivo efficacy using an MM1S xenograft NSG mouse model. The data demonstrate the high efficacy of novel hBCMA-CD3 antibodies with multiple myeloma cells and provide a basis for future pre-clinical and clinical development.
Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on genetic programming (1996)

This book of proceedings contains the papers presented at the first genetic programming conference, held at Stanford University on July 28-31, 1996.

Genetic programming is an automatic programming technique for evolving computer programs that solve (or approximately solve) problems. Starting with a primordial ooze of thousands of randomly created computer programs composed of appropriate programmatic ingredients, a population of computers programs is progressively evolved over many generations using the Darwinian principle of survival of the fittest, a sexual recombination operation, and occasional mutation.
Secured graphic QR code with infrared watermark (2018)

The barcode is an important link between real life and the virtual world nowadays. One of the most common barcodes is QR code, which its appearance, black and white modules, is not visually pleasing. The QR code is applied to product packaging and campaign promotion in the market. There are more and more stores using QR code for transaction payment. If the QR code is altered or illegally duplicated, it will endanger the information security of users. Therefore, the study uses infrared watermarking to embed the infrared QR code information into the explicit QR code to strengthen the anti-counterfeiting features. The explicit graphic QR code is produced by data hiding with error diffusion in this study. With the optical characteristics of K, one of the four printed ink colors CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black), only K can be rendered in infrared. Hence, we use the infrared watermarking to embed the implicit QR code information into the explicit graphic QR code. General QR code reader may be used to interpret explicit graphic QR code information. As for implicit QR code, it needs the infrared detector to extract its implicit QR code information. If the QR code is illegally copied, it will not show the hidden second QR code under infrared detection. In this study, infrared watermark hidden in the graphic QR code can enhance not only the aesthetics of QR code, but also the anti-counterfeiting feature. It can also be applied to printing related fields, such as security documents, banknotes, etc. in the future.