gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A QRD-M/Kalman filter-based detection and channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems (2005)

The use of multiple transmit/receive antennas forming a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system can significantly enhance channel capacity. This paper considers a V-BLAST-type combination of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with MIMO (MIMO-OFDM) for enhanced spectral efficiency and multiuser downlink throughput. A new joint data detection and channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM is proposed which combines the QRD-M algorithm and Kalman filter. The individual channels between antenna elements are tracked using a Kalman filter, and the QRD-M algorithm uses a limited tree search to approximate the maximum-likelihood detector. A closed-form symbol-error rate, conditioned on a static channel realization, is presented for the M=1 case with QPSK modulation. An adaptive complexity QRD-M algorithm (AC-QRD-M) is also considered which assigns different values of M to each subcarrier according to its estimated received power. A rule for choosing M using subcarrier powers is obtained using a kernel density estimate combined with the Lloyd-Max algorithm.
Simple and effective frequency stabilisation for HeNe lasers at 1.52μm (1987)

An extremely simple, but highly effective method of frequency stabilisation of HeNe is demonstrated. It allows production of frequency stabilities in the sub-(parts in 109) region without external optical resonators, and without modulation signals to determines relative extrema of the laser output signal (Lamb dip). The principle of regulation is explained, and measured data are presented, which were obtained by heterodyning two independently ‘self’-frequency-stabilised HeNe lasers at 1.52μm.
Measurement-based band allocation in multiband CDMA (2005)

Multiband code division multiple access (sometimes called multicarrier CDMA) is a promising approach to increasing the capacity of CDMA networks, while maintaining compatibility with existing systems. This paper investigates a family of algorithms for allocating new calls to bands based on measured path gains, or alternatively, on estimates of the users' positions. By separating strong and weak users into separate bands, this approach reduces the other-cell interference on the uplink. This is shown to reduce the number of calls in soft handoff, which reduces the hardware requirements at the base stations. Under a range of conditions, it also provides significantly lower outage than alternative algorithms. An additional benefit of this approach is a reduction in the dynamic range required for uplink power control.
The 1.9 Å resolution structure of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>1-deoxy-<scp>D</scp>-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, a potential drug target (2006)

1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate to form 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate, as the second step of the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate/methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway found in many bacteria and plants. The end product, isopentenyl diphosphate, is the precursor of various isoprenoids vital to all living organisms. The pathway is not found in humans; the mevalonate pathway is instead used for the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate. This difference, combined with its essentiality, makes the reductoisomerase an excellent drug target in a number of pathogenic organisms. The structure of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv2870c) was solved by molecular replacement and refined to a resolution of 1.9 A. The enzyme exhibited an estimated kcat of 5.3 s-1 and Km and kcat/Km values of 7.2 microM and 7.4x10(5) M-1 s-1 for NADPH and 340 microM and 1.6x10(4) M-1 s-1 for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. In the structure, a sulfate is bound at the expected site of the phosphate moiety of the sugar substrate. The M. tuberculosis enzyme displays a similar fold to the previously published structures from Escherichia coli and Zymomonas mobilis. Comparisons offer suggestions for the design of specific drugs. Furthermore, the new structure represents an intermediate conformation between the open apo form and the closed holo form observed previously, giving insights into the conformational changes associated with catalysis.
Characterization of Cement-Based Materials Using Diffuse Ultrasound (2003)

The objective of this research is to develop a quantitative understanding of the propagation of ultrasonic waves in cement-based materials by examining specimens made of a portland cement-paste matrix and glass bead “aggregate.” The incident ultrasonic waves are broadband and contain wavelengths on the order of the glass bead scatterers. Experimentally measured ultrasonic waves are interpreted using diffusion theory to quantitatively measure dissipation and diffusion coefficients as functions of frequency and microstructure. These results provide a basic understanding of the effect of some features of the microstructure on the propagation of ultrasonic waves, as well as supplying a first step in the characterization of distributed damage using ultrasonic methodologies.
Production of xylitol by Candida peltata (1999)

The ability of Candida peltata NRRL Y-6888 to ferment xylose to xylitol was evaluated under different fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature, aeration, substrate concentration and in the presence of glucose, arabinose, ethanol, methanol and organic acids. Maximum xylitol yield of 0.56 g g-1 xylose was obtained when the yeast was cultivated at pH 6.0, 28 degrees C and 200 rpm on 50 g L-1 xylose. The yeast produced ethanol (0.41 g g-1 in 40 h) from glucose (50 g L-1) and arabitol (0.55 g g-1 in 87 h) from arabinose (50 g L-1). It preferentially utilized glucose > xylose > arabinose from mixed substrates. Glucose (10 g L-1), ethanol (7.5 g L-1) and acetate (5 g L-1) inhibited xylitol production by 61, 84 and 68%, respectively. Arabinose (10 g L-1) had no inhibitory effect on xylitol production.
Bacterial colonization of psoriasis plaques. Is it relevant? (2011)

Bacterial colonization was investigated retrospectively in patients with plaque psoriasis (n=98 inpatient treatments, n=73 patients). At least one pathogen was found in 46% of all cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent bacterium. Bacterial colonization of psoriasis plaques could be relevant in individual cases.
Impedance-Based Whole-System Modeling for a Composite Grid via Embedding of Frame Dynamics (2020)

The paper establishes a methodology to overcome the difficulty of dynamic frame alignment and system separation in impedance modeling of ac grids, and thereby enables impedance-based whole-system modeling of generator-converter composite power systems. The methodology is based on a frame-dynamics-embedding transformation via an intermediary steady frame between local and global frames, which yields a locally defined impedance model for each generator or converter that does not rely on a global frame but retains all frame dynamics. The individual impedance model can then be readily combined into a whole-system model even for meshed networks via the proposed closed-loop formulation without network separation. Compared to start-of-the-art impedance-based models, the proposed method retains both frame dynamics and scalability, and is generally applicable to various network topologies (meshed, radial, etc) and combinations of machines (generators, motors, converters, etc). The methodology is used to analyze the dynamic interaction between generators and converters in a composite grid, which yields important findings and potential solutions for unstable oscillation caused by PLL-swing coupling in low-inertia grids.
Adaptive Bitrate Video Streaming over HTTP in Mobile Wireless Networks (2013)

The thesis is produced by Akademika publishing merely in connection with the thesis defence. Kindly direct all inquiries regarding the thesis to the copyright The topic of this dissertation is bitrate adaptive media streaming to receivers in mobile wireless networks. This work was motivated by the recent explosion in popularity of media streaming to mobile devices. Wireless networks will always be bandwidth limited compared to fixed networks due to background noise, limited frequency spectrum, and varying degrees of network coverage and signal strength. Consequently, applications that need to move large amounts of data in a timely manner cannot simply assume that future networks will have sufficient bandwidth at all times. It is therefore important to make the applications themselves able to cope with varying degrees of connectivity. In order to understand the requirements of streaming in 3G mobile networks, we perform a large number of measurements in Telenor’s 3G network in and around Oslo. Using bandwidth traces from these field experiments, we compare commercial
Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients utilizing multiparameter flow cytometry and assessment of the prognosis of patients in different CTCs levels (2010)

We wanted to demonstrate the value of multiparameter flow cytometry in detecting human tumor cells of breast cancer (BC) (SKBR-3) in normal peripheral blood. In addition, we investigated a cluster of patients to compare the overall survival (OS) between advanced BC patients [circulating tumor cells (CTCs) >or=5 group] and limited BC patients (CTCs <5 group). SKBR-3 human BC cells were serially diluted in normal whole blood to demonstrate the sensitivity of multiparameter flow cytometry for detecting CTCs, and we also compared the specificity with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. On the other hand, we detected CTCs among 45 patients by multiparameter flow cytometry. OS was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method, and compared it between CTCs <5 and CTCs >or=5 groups with the log-rank test. Cox regression models were fitted to determine the associated factors on survival. Human BC cells (SKBR-3) could be differentiated from normal blood based on the multiple light scatter and cell surface marker expression by multiparameter flow cytometry. The method was found to have a sensitivity limit of 10(-5) and was effective for detecting human BC cells in vivo. It also found that this method had a higher specificity compared with RT-PCR. For the retrospective study, the median OS was 95 weeks and 65.5 weeks (P < 0.05, 2-tailed) for patients with CTCs <5 and CTCs >or=5, respectively. Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze the patients' survival with Log Rank P = 0.004 and Breslow P = 0.003, which showed that these two groups had statistically significant difference. Cox regression analysis was performed, and we found CTCslevels, metastasis and age (P < 0.05) were three relative factors for patients' survival. Multiparameter flow cytometry can detect CTCs effectively and has the potential to be a valuable tool for prognosis assessment among BC patients in clinical situations in China.
Grid cell mechanisms and function: Contributions of entorhinal persistent spiking and phase resetting (2008)

This article presents a model of grid cell firing based on the intrinsic persistent firing shown experimentally in neurons of entorhinal cortex. In this model, the mechanism of persistent firing allows individual neurons to hold a stable baseline firing frequency. Depolarizing input from speed-modulated head direction cells transiently shifts the frequency of firing from baseline, resulting in a shift in spiking phase in proportion to the integral of velocity. The convergence of input from different persistent firing neurons causes spiking in a grid cell only when the persistent firing neurons are within similar phase ranges. This model effectively simulates the two-dimensional firing of grid cells in open field environments, as well as the properties of theta phase precession. This model provides an alternate implementation of oscillatory interference models. The persistent firing could also interact on a circuit level with rhythmic inhibition and neurons showing membrane potential oscillations to code position with spiking phase. These mechanisms could operate in parallel with computation of position from visual angle and distance of stimuli. In addition to simulating two-dimensional grid patterns, models of phase interference can account for context-dependent firing in other tasks. In network simulations of entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and postsubiculum, the reset of phase effectively replicates context-dependent firing by entorhinal and hippocampal neurons during performance of a continuous spatial alternation task, a delayed spatial alternation task with running in a wheel during the delay period (Pastalkova et al., Science, 2008), and a hairpin maze task.
Plant Counting of Cotton from UAS Imagery Using Deep Learning-Based Object Detection Framework (2020)

Assessing plant population of cotton is important to make replanting decisions in low plant density areas, prone to yielding penalties. Since the measurement of plant population in the field is labor intensive and subject to error, in this study, a new approach of image-based plant counting is proposed, using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS; DJI Mavic 2 Pro, Shenzhen, China) data. The previously developed image-based techniques required a priori information of geometry or statistical characteristics of plant canopy features, while also limiting the versatility of the methods in variable field conditions. In this regard, a deep learning-based plant counting algorithm was proposed to reduce the number of input variables, and to remove requirements for acquiring geometric or statistical information. The object detection model named You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) and photogrammetry were utilized to separate, locate, and count cotton plants in the seedling stage. The proposed algorithm was tested with four different UAS datasets, containing variability in plant size, overall illumination, and background brightness. Root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 values of the optimal plant count results ranged from 0.50 to 0.60 plants per linear meter of row (number of plants within 1 m distance along the planting row direction) and 0.96 to 0.97, respectively. The object detection algorithm, trained with variable plant size, ground wetness, and lighting conditions generally resulted in a lower detection error, unless an observable difference of developmental stages of cotton existed. The proposed plant counting algorithm performed well with 0–14 plants per linear meter of row, when cotton plants are generally separable in the seedling stage. This study is expected to provide an automated methodology for in situ evaluation of plant emergence using UAS data.
Compaction and mechanical properties of metallic glass (1980)

A dynamic compaction process has been used to make large, three-dimensional pieces of Metglas 2826 alloy. This process is similar to explosive compaction, but makes use of the shock pressures generated by gas-gun-fired projectile impacts. Careful control of the compaction process is required to cause interfibre bonding and hence make a sound compact while avoiding simultaneous crystallization. Bulk mechanical properties measured on specimens made of compacted glass are presented here and compared with the properties of the as-solidified fibre.
Pseudo resistivity cross section imaging using VLF-EM data (2013)

Electromagnetic waves with single or limited frequencies from VLF transmitters generate secondary induced components of magnetic field, which are used to detect localized changes in electrical conductivity contrasts. This method, so-called VLF-EM, has been the powerful tool for mapping subsurface geological structures because of its low cost and short working hours. However, it has not been tested to estimate a pseudo-resistivity section, both the apparent resistivity and the depth of the conductive anomaly by using the measured magnetic components with a single frequency. In this study, the Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method, generally used for the downward continuation of the potential field data, is applied to the magnetic components at the surface in order to estimate the information of subsurface pseudo resistivity below the survey area. A VLF-EM data set is first created numerically for a synthetic model including a region of low resistivity anomaly buried below the surface. The cross section of NFG values derived from the horizontal components of magnetic field clearly indicates high peaks at the edges of the resistivity anomaly. The peak of NFG values from the vertical component correspond with the center of the anomaly. We then estimated the pseudo-section of apparent resistivity from the VLF-EM data using the NFG values of the horizontal and the vertical magnetic fields. It was finally confirmed that the weighted apparent resistivity values probably become lower in the vicinity of low resistivity anomaly than the surrounding area, although the estimated value is a little higher than the true resistivity value. This method is also applied to the noisy synthetic VLF-EM data with additive Gaussian noise. We conclude that our simple technique gives approximate subsurface resistivity structures in a quick manner, and is useful for geological interpretations.
Applying static network protocols to dynamic networks (1987)

This paper addresses the problem of how to adapt an algorithm designed for fixed topology networks to produce the intended results, when run in a network whose topology changes dynamically, in spite of encountering topological changes during its execution. We present a simple and unified procedure, called a reset procedure, which, when combined with the static algorithm, achieves this adaptation. The communication and time complexities of the reset procedure, per topological change, are independent of the number of topological changes and are linearly bounded by the size of the subset of the network which participates in the algorithm.
Diagnosis of neurogenic detrusor overactivity and treatment with conditional electrical stimulation of the dorsal genital nerves (2011)

Contains fulltext : 91311.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Constraints on inner core anisotropy from PKP(DF) travel times (1994)

PKP(DF) travel times reported by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) are analyzed to study the depth dependence of inner core anisotropy. Plots of PKP(DF) travel time residuals versus range for different subsets of the data clearly show large anomalies at ranges beyond about 149° for those paths with inner core ray angles within 30° of the rotation axis. On average, the times are about 3 to 5 s earlier for these paths than for rays at other angles, consistent with recent waveform measurements of anomalous PKP(DF) times by Creager (1992) and Song and Helmberger (1993), and indicative of inner core anisotropy in which the P velocity is about 3% faster for N‐S paths than E‐W paths. The size of these apparent anomalies in the ISC data are much larger than those inferred from several previous analyses of ISC PKP(DF) data which indicated 0.5 to 2 s anomalies at these ranges. The earlier studies applied binning and averaging schemes to the data using windows that were overly tight, thus excluding some of the most anomalous data points and biasing the results toward smaller anomalies. To avoid this problem, I apply a method for computing summary ray residuals that finds the maxima in smoothed histograms of the residuals and does not rely on a fixed interval to window the data points. Standard errors on each summary ray residual are estimated using a bootstrap technique that randomly resamples the data. Plots of the summary ray residuals for several range intervals reveal a small number of independent paths nearly parallel to the rotation axis for which the arrivals are 3 to 5 s early. Although the data are sparse for paths within 30° of the rotation axis, anisotropy does not appear to diminish with depth within the inner core and may cause a much larger anomaly near 180° than the 2‐s value obtained in several prior studies of ISC data. The uniform anisotropy models of Creager (1992) and Song and Helmberger (1993) fit the bulk of the data reasonably well. However, the observed residuals at ranges between 132° and 140° are smaller than those predicted by most anisotropy models, suggesting that the anisotropy may diminish within the outermost 50 km of the inner core.
<b>Identification of a ClpC ATPase required for stress tolerance and <i>in vivo</i> survival of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i></b> (1996)

We identified a new chromosomal locus involved in the virulence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This locus displays the same genetic organization as that of the clpC/mecB locus of Bacillus subtilis. It contains a thermoregulated operon of four genes, whose transcription is upregulated at 42 degrees C. The last gene of this operon is clpC, which encodes a protein of 826 amino acid residues, identified as a ClpC ATPase, sharing a strong peptide sequence identity (78%) with ClpC/MecB of B. subtilis. Tn917 insertions inactivating the entire operon, or only clpC, gave mutants highly susceptible to stress, including iron limitation, elevated temperatures and high osmolarity. The virulence of these mutants was severely impaired in the mouse. A clpC insertional mutant was also restricted in its capacity to grow in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. These results demonstrate that the ClpC ATPase of L. monocytogenes is a general stress protein involved in intracellular growth and in vivo survival of this pathogen in host tissues.
Halogenation Using Quaternary Ammonium Polyhalides. VI. Bromination of Aromatic Amines by Use of Benzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide (1988)

Abstract The reaction of aromatic amines with benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide in dichloromethane–methanol containing calcium carbonate powder for 0.5 h at room temperature gave bromo-substituted aromatic amines in good yields.
Optically controlled millimeter wave antenna (2003)

We have developed an optically-controlled, millimeter wave (MMW) scanning antenna. A computer controlled light source photo-injects a spatially varying plasma into a photoconducting wafer. The light-modified wafer forms MMW beams from 20 to 100 GHz and scans them /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ in two-dimensions. Beam scan rates are greater than 1000 beams per second with excellent beam control in software. Scanning antennas based on this approach promise to be fast, inexpensive, and easily controlled.
<scp>d</scp> -Glucaric Acid and Galactaric Acid Catabolism by <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> (1970)

Cell-free extract (crude extract) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens grown on d-glucuronate or d-glucarate converts d-glucarate and galactarate to a mixture of 2-keto-3-deoxy- and 4-deoxy-5-keto-d-glucarate. These compounds are then converted by partially purified crude extract to an intermediate tentatively identified as 2,5-diketoadipate. The same enzyme preparation further decarboxylates this intermediate to alpha-ketoglutarate semialdehyde, which is subsequently oxidized in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent reaction to alpha-ketoglutaric acid. Since A. tumefaciens converts d-glucuronic acid to d-glucarate, a pathway from d-glucuronate to alpha-ketoglutarate in A. tumefaciens was determined.