gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beat-note sensitivity in a Zeeman laser gyro: theory and experiment (1980)

We present data that are the first significant correlation between theory and experiment of a Zeeman laser gyro. This study concerns the behavior of the Zeeman laser-gyro beat note as a function of detuning, magnetic field, and optical activity bias. Both experiment and theory indicate the presence of a gyro configuration that is insensitive to cavity-length changes. This result has obvious importance and relevance to practical laser-gyro devices.
A novel serine protease predominately expressed in macrophages (2003)

We have identified a novel serine protease designated EOS by sequence identity searches. The deduced protein contains 284 amino acids with an active form containing 248 amino acids starting from an Ile-Val-Gly-Gly motif. The active form comprises a catalytic triad of conserved amino acids: His77, Asp126 and Ser231. It shares 44% identity with beta-tryptase and belongs to the S1 trypsin-like serine-protease family. Interestingly, this gene also maps to human chromosome 16p13.3. The purified protease showed amidolytic activity, cleaving its substrates before arginine residues. Tissue distribution by immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that EOS is highly expressed in spleen and moderately expressed in intestine, colon, lung and brain. We confirmed this expression pattern at the mRNA level by performing in situ hybridization. The results from both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization indicate that EOS is associated with macrophages. We corroborated this observation by double immunofluorescence using the anti-EOS antibody and an anti-CD68 antibody, a macrophage specific marker. Furthermore, we have detected a dramatic increase in immune staining of EOS in cultured U937 cells treated with PMA, which represent activated macrophages. This up-regulation is also reflected by elevated EOS mRNA in the PMA-treated U937 cells detected by Northern blotting. Since macrophages have important roles in various pathological conditions, such as wound healing, atherosclerosis and numerous inflammatory diseases, the localization of this novel serine protease to active macrophages may help to further the elucidation of the roles of this gene product in modulating these disorders.
Separating Oil-Water Nanoemulsions using Flux-Enhanced Hierarchical Membranes (2014)

Membranes that separate oil-water mixtures based on contrasting wetting properties have recently received significant attention. Separation of nanoemulsions, i.e. oil-water mixtures containing sub-micron droplets, still remains a key challenge. Tradeoffs between geometric constraints, high breakthrough pressure for selectivity, high flux, and mechanical durability make it challenging to design effective membranes. In this paper, we fabricate a hierarchical membrane by the phase inversion process that consists of a nanoporous separation skin layer supported by an integrated microporous layer. We demonstrate the separation of water-in-oil emulsions well below 1 μm in size. In addition, we tune the parameters of the hierarchical membrane fabrication to control the skin layer thickness and increase the total flux by a factor of four. These simple yet robust hierarchical membranes with engineered wetting characteristics show promise for large-scale, efficient separation systems.
Pro-Apoptotic Effects on CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) of ABT-737, a Novel Fully Synthetic Bcl-2/Bcl-XL Antagonist. (2004)

Abstract Altered expression of Bcl-2-family protein plays a central role in apoptosis dysregulation in cancer and leukemia, promoting malignant cell expansion and contributing to chemoresistance. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL have been thoroughly validated as drug discovery targets for cancer, and strategies for inhibiting these proteins have been devised based on mimicking their endogenous antagonists, the BH3-only proteins. CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) is a quintessential example of a human malignancy caused by defective programmed cell death, representing the most common form of adult leukemia in North America and Europe. Over-expression of the Bcl-2 protein is one of the most consistent and prominent etiological factors associated with this disease. In this study, we evaluated biological effects of ABT-737, a novel fully synthetic Bcl-2/Bcl-XL antagonist developed at Abbott Laboratories, on CLL cells and B-lymphoma cell lines in vitro. ABT-737 induced a striking dose-dependent apoptosis in all CLL cells tested, with a Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) of 3–10 nM for 10 of 11 CLL samples. ABT-737 exhibited similar activity against chemo-naive cells as well as extensively treated, relapsed-disease. In contrast, an enantiomer of ABT-737 with little affinity for Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL was inactive at concentrations up to 1 μM, demonstrating specificity. Similarly, ABT-737 induced striking dose-dependent apoptosis in B-lymphoma cell lines, such as 380 lymphoma cell line which over-expressed Bcl-2 as a result of t14:18 translocation, with the LD50 ratio for ABT-737:Enantiomer control of approximately 1,000. At concentrations up to 0.1 μM, ABT-737 had no cytotoxic action on normal T-lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood collected from healthy individuals. In addition, CLL cells were at least 10 fold more sensitive to ABT-737 than normal CD19-positive B-lymphocytes isolated from healthy individuals. Moreover, ABT-737 induced caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage within 2 hours in CLL B-cells, while zVAD-fmk completely blocked caspase 3 activation and PARP-cleavage. The mechanism of ABT-737 was further validated by confocal time-lapsed microscopy experiments, where the active compound (but not enantiomer control) was demonstrated to displace a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged BH3-containing protein from wild-type Bcl-XL localized at mitochondrial surfaces in intact tumor cell lines. In contrast, active compound failed to displace GFP-BH3 protein from the mitochondrial surface of cells expressing mutants of Bcl-XL purposely engineered to be incapable of binding ABT-737. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that ABT-737 is a mechanism-based inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL that warrants further evaluation for the possible treatment of CLL and other malignancies linked to over-expression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL, where chemorefractory states represent a barrier to successful eradication of cancer.
Design synthesis of a sequence-specific DNA cleaving molecule. (Distamycin-EDTA)iron(II) (1982)

The sequence-dependent recognition of nucleic acids by proteins and small molecules is important in the regulation of many biological processes. A large class of these molecules are bifunctional in nature, combining a chemically reactive moiety with a DNA binding unit. One such molecule is the naturally occurring antitumor antibiotic bleomycin, which binds to and cleaves DNA sequence specifically in a reaction that depends on Fe(II) and oxygen. Recently we reported the synthesis of a DNA binding-DNA cleaving molecule, methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE). This bifunctional molecule has the DNA intercalator, methidium, tethered to a metal chelator, EDTA. MPE·Fe(II) cleaves double helical DNA in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) with efficiencies comparable to those of bleomycin·Fe(Il)/DTT. Unlike bleomycin·Fe(II), MPE·Fe(II) cleaves DNA non-sequence-specifically, consistent with solution studies demonstrating that the intercalator methidium has no overall base composition specificity.
At-wavelength interferometry of extreme ultraviolet lithographic optics (1998)

A phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) has recently been developed to evaluate optics for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography systems. The interferometer has been implemented at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and is currently being used to test experimental EUV Schwarzschild objectives. Recent PS/PDI measurements indicate these experimental objectives to have wavefront errors on the order of 0.1 waves (∼1 nm at a wavelength of 13.4 nm) rms. These at-wavelength measurements have also revealed the multilayer phase effects, demonstrating the sensitivity and importance of EUV characterization. The measurement precision of the PS/PDI has been experimentally determined to be better than 0.01 waves. Furthermore, a systematic-error-limited absolute measurement accuracy of 0.004 waves has been demonstrated.
Do you want to take notes? (2010)

Addressing user's information needs has been one of the main goals of Web search engines since their early days. In some cases, users cannot see their needs immediately answered by search results, simply because these needs are too complex and involve multiple aspects that are not covered by a single Web or search results page. This typically happens when users investigate a certain topic in domains such as education, travel or health, which often require collecting facts and information from many pages. We refer to this type of activities as "research missions". These research missions account for 10% of users' sessions and more than 25% of all query volume, as verified by a manual analysis that was conducted by Yahoo! editors.
Initial Reperfusion of DCD Hearts Under Hypothermic Conditions Impairs Myocardial Functional Recovery During Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion. (2014)

Objective: Initial reperfusion (IR) of donor hearts following circulatory death (DCD) with cardioplegia may facilitate restoration of ion homeostasis prior to myocardial contraction, minimize ischemia-reperfusion injury, and optimize functional recovery. We investigated the impact of IR temperature on the recovery of myocardial function during ex vivo heart perfusion. Methods: Eighteen pigs were anesthetized, mechanical ventilation was discontinued, and cardiac arrest ensued. A 15-minute standoff period was observed and then hearts were procured and reperfused with a normokalemic adenosine-lidocaine crystalloid cardioplegia for 3 minutes at 3 different temperatures (5°C; N=6, 25°C; N=5, and 35°C; N=7). Hearts were then perfused ex vivo in a normothermic beating state and transitioned into working mode (left atrial pressure: 8 mmHg) at 1, 3, and 5 hours for assessment of myocardial function using a conductance catheter. Results: Hearts sustained an equivalent period of warm ischemia (5°C=28±1, 25°C=29±1, 35°C=27±1 minutes, p=0.50) prior to IR. IR coronary blood flow (5°C=483±53, 25°C=722±60, 35°C=906±36 mL/min, p<0.01) and coronary sinus lactate concentration (5°C=0.73±0.06, 25°C=1.33±0.03, 35°C=1.75±0.15 umol/L, p<0.01) differed among treatment groups. IR under hypothermic conditions impaired systolic (dP/dt max) and diastolic (dP/dt min) functional recovery (Figure 1). Electron microscopy revealed greater preservation of endothelial cell integrity in hearts reperfused at warmer temperatures (injury score 5°C=3.2±0.5, 25°C=1.8±0.2, 35°C=1.7±0.3 minutes, p=0.01). Conclusions:Avoidance of profound hypothermia during IR with an adenosine-lidocaine cardioplegia preserves endothelial integrity and improves the functional recovery of DCD hearts.Figure: No Caption available.
Shallow water demultiple with seafloor reflection modeling using multichannel prediction operator (2012)

This paper presents an extension of our previous effort on multiple attenuation in shallow water environment. While our previous workflow, termed Shallow Water Demultiple (SWD), is robust in suppressing water-layer related multiples (WLRMs) with shallow seafloor, it faces difficulties when the seafloor is too shallow and complex because of the near offset gap related to acquisition. The wavelet stretch resulted from near offset extrapolation causes spectral distortion in multiple model from SWD which leads to sub-optimized subtraction result in shallow part of the data. Our new method is a hybrid approach in which shallow WLRMs are handled by using the Green’s function of the seafloor primary reflections, while the rest of the multiples are handled by SWD. The Green’s function in this case is derived from auto-picking the traveltime of the multichannel prediction operator estimated from SWD. We show the application of the method for attenuating shallow water multiples on field data examples from offshore Australia.
Acquired resistance to reoviral oncolysis (2005)

3381 The naturally occurring human reovirus has shown considerable potential as an oncolytic agent for Ras-dependent tumor cells in vitro and in animal model systems and is currently in human clinical trials. However, the potential for virus-susceptible tumor cell lines that contain activating mutations of Ras to develop resistance to reovirus has not been fully explored. To address this, we exposed the human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cell line, which contains an activated N-Ras gene and is highly sensitive to viral oncolysis, to several rounds of exposure to reovirus. Most but not all cells were killed on first exposure, and after three rounds of selection we derived populations that were highly resistant to viral oncolysis. The resistant cells were persistently infected by reovirus, producing functional reovirus continuously. The resistant cells retained the activating N-Ras mutation and high levels of Ras activity, suggesting that reduced Ras activity is not required for viral resistance. Reovirus generated from the resistant cells contains several mutations and shows reduced but still significant apoptotic potential in HT1080 cells compared to wild type reovirus. In addition, virus-resistant cells showed reduced cellular cathepsin B activity, which is associated with the viral infection cycle. The persistently infected cells can be cured of virus by growth in the presence of reovirus antibody for 3 weeks, generating virus-free ‘cured’ cells. The persistently infected cells and cured cells were then tested for tumor formation in SCID mice. In sharp contrast to the highly tumorigenic parental and cured cells, the persistently infected cells were not tumorigenic in vivo. Furthermore, the persistently infected cells were able to suppress the cured cells’ tumorigenic activity when co-injected, suggesting that reoviral persistence plays an important role in tumor suppression. To determine whether the reovirus-resistant cells can still be killed by chemotherapeutic agents or other oncolytic viruses, we challenged them with apoptotic inducers and E1B-negative adenovirus, resulting in significant apoptosis following both approaches. These findings suggest that both reovirus and host tumor cells can co-adapt during the acquisition of viral resistance. Even so, the virus-resistant tumor cells can still be killed by other anti-tumor strategies, and have not lost the capacity for apoptosis.
The contribution of triplet–triplet annihilation to the lifetime and efficiency of fluorescent polymer organic light emitting diodes (2011)

We demonstrate that the fast initial decay of a prototypical fluorescent polymer based organic light emitting diode device is related to the contribution that triplet–triplet annihilation makes to the device efficiency. We show that, during typical operating conditions, approximately 20% of the device efficiency originates from the production of singlet excitons by triplet–triplet annihilation. During prolonged device operation, the triplet excitons are quenched much more easily than the emissive singlets; thus, the contribution to the efficiency from triplet–triplet annihilation is lost during the early stages of the device lifetest. The fast initial decay of the device luminance can be removed by incorporating a triplet quenching additive into the active layer to remove any effect of triplet–triplet annihilation; this yields an increase in the device lifetime of greater than 3× and an even more significant improvement in the initial luminance decay.
Transvenous coronary angiography in humans using synchrotron radiation. (1986)

The risks and costs of the present method of visualizing the coronary arteries have limited the use of coronary angiography in long-term serial studies needed to establish the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis and its response to interventions. A less invasive method, in which the contrast agent is administered intravenously, has been developed using synchrotron radiation as the illuminating source. The present report describes the initial results in human subjects. The findings indicate that transvenous coronary angiograms can be acquired in this manner. Further refinements in the x-ray imaging system are expected to result in increased x-ray fluence and improved image quality.
Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Transcription in Breast Carcinoma. (1995)

Abstract : In this study, we performed a functional mapping of the Estrogen Receptor (ER) promoter region and found a region in the 5' untranslated leader sequence that controlled ER transcription in ER-positive breast carcinoma cell lines. This region contained two binding sites for a transcription factor, Estrogen Receptor Factor-1 (ERF-1). ERF-1 was identified by gel shift assay and was present in ER-positive breast and endometrial carcinoma cells, but absent in ER-negative cell lines, thus inferring a role for ERF-1 in the regulation of ER transcription in breast carcinoma. Mutational analysis of the ERF-1 binding site showed that ERF-1 binding was correlated with transcriptional activity. ERF-1 was purified from MCF7 breast carcinoma cells using ion-exchange and DNA affinity chromatography and the cDNA was isolated from a MCF7 expression cDNA library. ERF-1 was identified as AP2gamma, a member of the AP2 transcription factor family. When binding specificity of ERF-1 was compared to AP2alpha using PCR-Assisted Binding Site selection and competitive gel shift assay, it was found that the two proteins recognized the same DNA sequence. Cotransfection of AP2alpha or AP2gamma with an ER promoter reporter construct demonstrated that activation of the ER promoter is dependent upon cell type.
Efficient Synthesis of Universal Repeat-Until-Success Quantum Circuits (2015)

Recently it was shown that the resources required to implement unitary operations on a quantum computer can be reduced by using probabilistic quantum circuits called repeat-until-success (RUS) circuits. However, the previously best-known algorithm to synthesize a RUS circuit for a given target unitary requires exponential classical runtime. We present a probabilistically polynomial-time algorithm to synthesize a RUS circuit to approximate any given single-qubit unitary to precision ϵ over the Clifford+T basis. Surprisingly, the T count of the synthesized RUS circuit surpasses the theoretical lower bound of 3 log_{2}(1/ϵ) that holds for purely unitary single-qubit circuit decomposition. By taking advantage of measurement and an ancilla qubit, RUS circuits achieve an expected T count of 1.15 log_{2}(1/ϵ) for single-qubit z rotations. Our method leverages the fact that the set of unitaries implementable by RUS protocols has a higher density in the space of all unitaries compared to the density of purely unitary implementations.
Genetically Engineered Macrophages: A Potential Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy (2016)

In spite of their successes against hematologic malignancies, immunotherapeutic interventions for the treatment of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have thus far been unsuccessful. This is in part due to the presence of a tumor microenvironment that fosters neoplastic growth and protects the tumor from destruction by the immune system. A novel genetically engineered macrophage-based platform has been developed with the potential to minimize the effects of the suppressive tumor microenvironment and improve innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. A newly described lentiviral expression system was validated for the generation of transduced monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, and transgene expression was shown to be stable over the course of weeks to months, both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model of GBM. Furthermore, the genetically engineered macrophages (GEMs) neither caused morbidity in animals nor contributed to accelerated tumor growth. The versatility of GEMs is also highlighted by showing that they can be engineered to secrete proteins that either reduce immune suppression, such as the soluble transforming growth factor beta receptor II, or promote immune cell activation, by expressing interleukin 21. There is also the potential to prevent GEM-mediated immune suppression by using the CRISPR system to knock out genes responsible for dysfunction of cytotoxic cells, including interleukin 10 and programmed death-ligand 1. Together, these results suggest that GEMs are an ideal cell type for transforming the tumor microenvironment and enhancing antitumor immunity. Importantly, it is anticipated that these findings will have broad applicability to other types of tumors with microenvironments that currently preclude successful immunotherapeutic approaches.
Requirements for activation of the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C promoter in vitro by the viral regulatory protein ICP4 (1994)

During infection with herpes simplex virus, infected-cell polypeptide 4 (ICP4) activates transcription of most herpes simplex virus genes. In the present study, the mechanism of activation of transcription by ICP4 was investigated by using a reconstituted in vitro system with fractionated and purified general transcription factors, coupled with DNA-binding assays. The templates used in the reactions included regions of the gC and thymidine kinase (tk) promoters in plasmids, and on isolated fragments, allowing for the evaluation of the potential function of naturally occurring and inserted ICP4-binding sites and elements of the core promoter. ICP4 efficiently activated transcription of the gC promoter by facilitating the formation of transcription initiation complexes. ICP4 could not substitute for any of the basal transcription factors. Moreover, TATA-binding protein (TBP) could not substitute for TFIID in activation, suggesting a requirement for TBP-associated factors. Interactions between ICP4 and DNA 3' to the start site was necessary for activation of the gC promoter. The requirement for DNA-protein contacts could be met either by the presence of an ICP4-binding site in the gC leader, by the presence of a site more than 150 nucleotides further downstream, by an inserted site that normally acts to repress transcription, or by the addition of sufficient non-site-containing DNA. The gC TATA box and start site, or initiator element (inr), were individually sufficient for activation by ICP4 and together contributed to optimal activation. In contrast to gC, the tk promoter was poorly activated in the reconstituted system. However, the tk TATA box was efficiently activated when the tk start site region was replaced with the gC inr, suggesting that activation was mediated through the inr and inr-binding proteins. In addition, mutation of the inr core resulted in a gC promoter that was very poorly activated by ICP4. The results of this and previous studies demonstrate that ICP4 activates transcription in a complex manner involving contacts with DNA 3' to the start site, TBP, TFIIB, TBP-associated factors, and possibly proteins functioning at the start site of transcription.
Technologies toward flexible liquid‐crystal displays (2005)

Abstract— Several leading technologies for flexible liquid‐crystal displays have been developed recently at ERSO. The roll‐to‐roll compatible techniques, polymer‐added liquid crystal, have been applied on a film‐like substrate. A flexible black‐and‐white cholesteric liquid‐crystal display was also implemented by photo‐induced phase separation. Color filters placed on a plastic substrate by a low‐temperature manufacturing process was successfully fabricated. A novel design of a wide‐viewing‐angle color plastic LCD was also proposed.