gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of β-xylosidase productivity in cellulase producing fungus Acremonium cellulolyticus (2011)

Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the most important processes in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Acremonium cellulolyticus is a filamentous fungus with high cellulase production but productivity of hemicellulase, especially β-xylosidase, is lower than other filamentous fungi. We identified 2.4 Kb β-xylosidase gene in the A. cellulolyticus genome sequence information and it encoded 798 amino acids without introns. To enhance hemicellulase productivity in A. cellulolyticus, we transformed this fungus with the identified β-xylosidase gene driven by the cellobiohydrolase Ι (cbh1) promoter, using the protoplast-polyethyleneglycol (PEG) method, and obtained a transformant, YKX1. Hydrolysis rate of xylooligosaccharides was more than 50-fold higher using culture supernatant from YKX1 than that from the parental strain, Y-94. Total cellulase activity (measured by filter paper assay) in YKX1 was not affected by the cbh1 promoter used for expression of β-xylosidase, and induced by cellulose. Since YKX1 can produce larger amount of β-xylosidase without affecting cellulase productivity, it is considered to be beneficial for practical monosaccharide recoveries from lignocellulosic biomass.
A New Wavelet Denoising Method for Selecting Decomposition Levels and Noise Thresholds (2016)

A new method is presented to denoise 1-D experimental signals using wavelet transforms. Although the state-of- the-art wavelet denoising methods perform better than other denoising methods, they are not very effective for experimental signals. Unlike images and other signals, experimental signals in chemical and biophysical applications for example, are less tolerant to signal distortion and under-denoising caused by the standard wavelet denoising methods. The new method 1) provides a method to select the number of decomposition levels to denoise, 2) uses a new formula to calculate noise thresholds that does not require noise estimation, 3) uses separate noise thresholds for positive and negative wavelet coefficients, 4) applies denoising to the Approximation component, and 5) allows the flexibility to adjust the noise thresholds. The new method is applied to continuous wave electron spin resonance (cw-ESR) spectra and it is found that it increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by more than 32 dB without distorting the signal, whereas standard denoising methods improve the SNR by less than 10 dB and with some distortion. Also, its computation time is more than 6 times faster.
Facile graphene n-doping by wet chemical treatment for electronic applications (2014)

We report a post-synthetic n-doping method for chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) grown graphene using wet chemical processing. An ammonium fluoride solution was found effective in converting pristine hole doping into electron doping in addition to the mobility improvement of charge carriers. We verified the doping by electrical measurements, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and suggest that the mechanism of n-doping is electrostatic doping by ionic physisorption of ammonium ions on the graphene surface. This simple chemical doping method provides a facile and robust route to n-doping of large area graphene for the realization of high performance graphene-based electronic devices.
The criteria for dust agglomeration in plasmas (2001)

We demonstrate dust particle attraction in a plasma due to plasma particle and neutral particle bombardment. A criteria of charged dust agglomeration is found, where the attraction forces, due to bombardment, exceed the dust repulsion forces due to Coulomb interaction between like charges. Agglomerates in the systems which are optically thin for thermal radiation of dust particles is considered.
<i>In-situ</i> monitoring of etch uniformity using plasma emission interferometry (2015)

A method for in-situ real-time monitoring of the etch uniformity of a dielectric film during plasma etching in a restricted geometry is reported. The method is based on interferometry using the natural plasma emission as the light source. Interference patterns are created by light reflections at the Brewster angle between the electrodes of parallel-plate capacitively coupled plasma reactors with small interelectrode gap. The method can be useful as a monitor for statistical process control.
Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles for the Reinforcement of Dental Restorative Resins (2000)

Metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from tantalum ethoxide and zirconium isopropoxide and subsequently surface grafted with vinyl silane and silyl methacrylate coupling agents. The nanoparticles were then dispersed into a commercial dental resin, and the composite was photocured into rigid three-point bend and fracture toughness specimens. The optically transparent/translucent cured composites demonstrated strength, toughness, and elastic modulus inferior to the unfilled material. Therefore, modifications in surface functionalization are being made to improve coupling and reduce interparticle associations.
A Self-Sensitive Probe Composed of a Piezoelectric Tuning Fork and a Bent Optical Fiber Tip for Scanning Near-field Optical/Atomic Force Microscopy (1997)

A self sensitive probe was composed of a piezoelectric tuning fork and a bent optical fiber tip for scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy. The topography, optical image and fluorescent spectrograph were successfully derived using the combined probe. The probe showed 1.1 nm vertical resolution at the tip-sample distance regulation. The combined probe showed single or twin resonant frequency peaks while the original tuning fork has only one resonant frequency of 32.7 kHz. In the twin peaks-case, results for various combination patterns suggested that one of the peaks is the response for a free arm of the tuning fork and the other is the response for the combined arm. The near-field acoustic effect was detected in the tuning fork probe as a small effect, but the effect was not detected in the combined probe.
BetweenIT: An Interactive Tool for Tight Inbetweening (2010)

Abstract The generation of inbetween frames that interpolate a given set of key frames is a major component in the production of a 2D feature animation. Our objective is to considerably reduce the cost of the inbetweening phase by offering an intuitive and effective interactive environment that automates inbetweening when possible while allowing the artist to guide, complement, or override the results. Tight inbetweens, which interpolate similar key frames, are particularly time‐consuming and tedious to draw. Therefore, we focus on automating these high‐precision and expensive portions of the process. We have designed a set of user‐guided semi‐automatic techniques that fit well with current practice and minimize the number of required artist‐gestures. We present a novel technique for stroke interpolation from only two keys which combines a stroke motion constructed from logarithmic spiral vertex trajectories with a stroke deformation based on curvature averaging and twisting warps. We discuss our system in the context of a feature animation production environment and evaluate our approach with real production data.
An adaptive speaker verification system with speaker dependent a priori decision thresholds (2002)

This paper presents a practical approach to deploying a priori speaker dependent thresholds (SDT) for adaptive speaker verification applications. Our motivations for exploring SDTs are twofold: one is to eliminate the externally pre-set overall system thresholds and replace them with automatically-set internal thresholds calculated at runtime; the second is to counter the verification score shifts resulting from online adaptation. The second motivation is based on the observation that after adaptation, verification scores for both true speakers and impostors increase, which in turn increases the false accept (FA) rates. The rise of FA rates, in an adaptive system, can be costly because of the possibility of model corruption. In this work, an approach similar to ZNORM [3] is used to calculate a threshold for each speaker, which is automatically updated every time the claimant model is adapted. The paper explores various computational efficiency strategies to make the deployment of this approach practical for a fielded system. Results of experiments on one Japanese and one English digits database are presented.
A novel approach to controlled programming of tunnel-based floating-gate MOSFETs (1994)

This paper presents a new approach to obtain automatic and accurate control of the threshold voltage of floating-gate MOSFETs programmable by means of tunneling current. The proposed method avoids using a series of partial write/erase operations followed by measurements and adjustment steps, thus achieving a significant advantage in terms of programming time for the same accuracy. The simplicity of the proposed method and its inherent speed make it ideal in a wide range of possible applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards virtual reality infinite walking (2018)

Redirected walking techniques can enhance the immersion and visual-vestibular comfort of virtual reality (VR) navigation, but are often limited by the size, shape, and content of the physical environments. We propose a redirected walking technique that can apply to small physical environments with static or dynamic obstacles. Via a head- and eye-tracking VR headset, our method detects saccadic suppression and redirects the users during the resulting temporary blindness. Our dynamic path planning runs in real-time on a GPU, and thus can avoid static and dynamic obstacles, including walls, furniture, and other VR users sharing the same physical space. To further enhance saccadic redirection, we propose subtle gaze direction methods tailored for VR perception. We demonstrate that saccades can significantly increase the rotation gains during redirection without introducing visual distortions or simulator sickness. This allows our method to apply to large open virtual spaces and small physical environments for room-scale VR. We evaluate our system via numerical simulations and real user studies.
Diverse Redox-Active Molecules Bearing O-, S-, or Se-Terminated Tethers for Attachment to Silicon in Studies of Molecular Information Storage (2003)

A molecular approach to information storage employs redox-active molecules tethered to an electroactive surface. Attachment of the molecules to electroactive surfaces requires control over the nature of the tether (linker and surface attachment group). We have synthesized a collection of redox-active molecules bearing different linkers and surface anchor groups in free or protected form (hydroxy, mercapto, S-acetylthio, and Se-acetylseleno) for attachment to surfaces such as silicon, germanium, and gold. The molecules exhibit a number of cationic oxidation states, including one (ferrocene), two [zinc(II)porphyrin], three [cobalt(II)porphyrin], or four (lanthanide triple-decker sandwich compound). Electrochemical studies of monolayers of a variety of the redox-active molecules attached to Si(100) electrodes indicate that molecules exhibit a regular mode of attachment (via a Si-X bond, X = O, S, or Se), relatively homogeneous surface organization, and robust reversible electrochemical behavior. The acetyl protecting group undergoes cleavage during the surface deposition process, enabling attachment to silicon via thio or seleno groups without handling free thiols or selenols.
Effect of Mechanical Grinding on the Lithium Intercalation Process in Graphites and Soft Carbons (1996)

The effects of mechanical grinding on morphology and electrochemical performance of graphite and soft carbon powders with respect to lithium insertion were studied. The morphology of the milled graphitic powders was found to depend strongly upon the nature of the interactions (e.g., impact or shear) generated by the two kinds of mixer mills used. For the same milling time, crystallite size was smallest and the density of defects highest for graphitic powders that were ball‐milled using impact interactions. The specific surface area of the milled samples does not increase indefinitely with increased milling time, but there is a critical milling time (mc) beyond which the specific surface area goes through a maximum (graphite) or levels off for cokes. By controlling milling conditions, graphite and soft carbon powders with well‐defined morphology, d‐spacings, surface area, and crystallite size can be made. The reversible (reversible amount of inserted Li) vs. irreversible capacity (irreversible lithium loss between the first discharge and charge) was measured for various C/Li cells using various tailor‐made graphite and soft carbon powders. A direct correlation between the irreversible capacity of the milled samples and their specific surface area was observed, consistent with catalytically induced reduction of the electrolyte. For milling times greater than mc, the irreversible capacity remains constant or even decreases while the reversible capacity still increases. With mechanical grinding, both graphite and coke samples having irreversible capacity of 328 mAh/g for a reversible capacity of 708 mAh/g were obtained.
Ethoxzolamide Analogue Gel (1984)

An analogue of ethoxzolamide, 6-hydroxyethoxzolamide, was synthesized to enhance corneal permeability yet retain carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity for use in lowering intraocular pressure. In a 1% suspension, the analogue caused a small but statistically significant unilateral reduction of IOP when applied to one eye of normal rabbits. When formulated in a gel vehicle, 6-hydroxyethoxzolamide caused a more prolonged and larger reduction in IOP in normal and ocular hypertensive rabbits compared with its effect in suspension or with the parent compound.
Comparing two types of knowledge-intensive CBR for optimized oil well drilling. (2009)

This paper describes a new architecture for reasoning that combines case-based and model-based reasoning, referred to as knowledge intensive CBR (KiCBR). The case retrieval process is explained and compared through different reasoning approaches; plain CBR, and two forms of knowledgeintensive CBR. The mentioned methods are applied to problems in oil well drilling, a challenging domain. Knowledge-intensive methods in CBR will improve the case retrieval process. Our experiments show that one of the KiCBR methods, in which root causes of problems are included in the case description, has the highest accuracy compared to plain CBR and KiCBR without root causes included.
Heavily Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots (2011)

Doping of semiconductors by impurity atoms enabled their widespread technological application in microelectronics and optoelectronics. However, doping has proven elusive for strongly confined colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals because of the synthetic challenge of how to introduce single impurities, as well as a lack of fundamental understanding of this heavily doped limit under strong quantum confinement. We developed a method to dope semiconductor nanocrystals with metal impurities, enabling control of the band gap and Fermi energy. A combination of optical measurements, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, and theory revealed the emergence of a confined impurity band and band-tailing. Our method yields n- and p-doped semiconductor nanocrystals, which have potential applications in solar cells, thin-film transistors, and optoelectronic devices.
Power Games for Secure Communications in Single-Stream MIMO Interference Networks (2018)

We propose a distributed interference management method for a single-stream MIMO interference network that is tapped by an external eavesdropper. Along with its information signal, each legitimate transmitter creates a bogus signal, known as transmit-based friendly jamming (TxFJ), to confuse the eavesdropper. Although generating TxFJ protects the link from eavesdropping, it creates interference at other unintended but legitimate links. Using non-cooperative game theory, we design a distributed method for maximizing the sum of secrecy rates. Each link is a player in the game. It seeks to maximize its secrecy rate subject to a given information-rate constraint and power budget. The strategy profile of each player is to control the amount of TxFJ it generates. Because a pure non-cooperative game may not have Nash equilibria that result in (Pareto-)optimal secrecy sum-rate, we propose a modified price-based game, in which each link is penalized for generating interference on other legitimate links. Under the exact knowledge of eavesdropping channels, we show that the price-based game has a comparable secrecy sum-rate to a centralized approach. We then relax the assumption of knowledge of eavesdropping channels and leverage mixed-strategy games to provide robust solutions to the distributed secrecy sum-rate maximization problem.
FLOWPAK: Flow-based Ornamental Element Packing (2017)

We present a technique for drawing ornamental designs consisting of placed instances of simple shapes. These shapes, which we call elements, are selected from a small library of templates. The elements are deformed to flow along a direction field interpolated from user-supplied strokes, giving a sense of visual flow to the final composition, and constrained to lie within a container region. Our implementation computes a vector field based on user strokes, constructs streamlines that conform to the vector field, and places an element over each streamline. An iterative refinement process then shifts and stretches the elements to improve the composition.
Hydrogenation of Magnesium Nickel Boride for Reversible Hydrogen Storage (2009)

We report that a ternary magnesium nickel boride (MgNi2.5B2) mixed with LiH and MgH2 can be hydrogenated reversibly forming LiBH4 and Mg2NiH4 at temperatures below 300 °C. The ternary boride was prepared by sintering a mechanically milled mixture of MgB2 and Ni precursors at 975 °C under inert atmosphere. Hydrogenation of the ternary, milled with LiH and MgH2, was performed under 100 to 160 bar H2 at temperatures up to 350 °C. Analysis using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and 11B magic angle spinning NMR confirmed that the ternary boride was hydrogenated forming borohydride anions. The reaction was reversible with hydrogenation kinetics that improved over three cycles. This work suggests that there may be other ternary or higher order boride phases useful for reversible hydrogen storage.
Gene Expression Profile Analysis of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> during Invasion of Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (2005)

ABSTRACT Microarrays were used to identify genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 differentially expressed during invasion of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells. Analyses of microarray images indicated that 62 genes were differentially regulated. Of these, 11 genes were up-regulated and 51 were down-regulated. The differential expression of 16 selected genes was confirmed by real-time PCR.
High Performance Quantum Cascade Lasers (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Federico Capasso, Claire Gmachl, Alessandro Tredicucci, Albert L. Hutchinson, Deborah L. Sivco, and Alfred Y. Cho, "High Performance Quantum Cascade Lasers," Optics & Photonics News 10(10), 31-37 (1999) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Electron Beam-Addressed Membrane Light Modulator (1990)

First introduced by Preston 1 in 1968, deformable mirror SLMs incorporating a highly reflective membrane as the light modulating element have generated interest within the applied optics community as good candidates for both adaptive optics and projection display applications. 2-4 These SLMs exhibit very fast response times, can be read out with high optical efficiency, and in principle can incorporate a very large number of resolution elements. Since a deformable mirror SLM is essentially a two-dimensional phase modulating element with large phase dynamic range, it is well-suited to adaptive optics applications such as wavefront correction and beam steering. With appropriate pixelization of the membrane surface, intensity modulation may be accomplished via the Schlieren readout schemes employed by projection display systems such as the Eidophor 5 (G.E.) and the γ-Ruticon 6 (Xerox). The construction of a membrane light modulator (MLM) is such that a membrane is deposited over an array of wells with an addressable electrode at the bottom of each well. Thus, the well and its electrode define an individual pixel. The membrane is coated with a thin electrode material held at a static potential. A pixel is activated by establishing a potential difference between the well electrode and the membrane electrode, causing the membrane to deform into the well region in response to electrostatic forces. Hence, the pixel driving voltage induces a local phase modulation on the readout wavefront reflected by the membrane mirror surface.
Voltage stability control of a wind generation system (2010)

Voltage instability is the main cause of concern for the large scale integration of wind power into the power grid. For the induction generator based wind generation system, the fixed capacitor located at the generator terminal can not normally cater for the reactive power demand during the transient disturbances like wind gusts and faults on the system. This paper presents two schemes for enhancing voltage stability of grid connected wind generator system. These are: variable susceptance control thru SVC and reactive power compensation through static compensator system (STATCOM). Simulation results show that both schemes are well capable of providing voltage stability and damping transient arising from reasonable level of disturbances. The STATCOM, however, demonstrates superior performance because of its fast response capability as well as its ability to provide compensation independent of system voltage support.
A 40-nm CMOS E-Band 4-Way Power Amplifier With Neutralized Bootstrapped Cascode Amplifier and Optimum Passive Circuits (2015)

This paper reports a fully integrated 40-nm CMOS power amplifier (PA) for E-band applications. A neutralized bootstrapped cascode amplifier (NBCA) topology is proposed to enhance the power gain and output power at millimeter wave (mm-Wave) frequencies while maintaining the stability. A broadband 4-way differential parallel-series power combiner is employed to further increase the output power. Besides, both interstage and input passive networks are optimized to improve the bandwidth and common-mode stability. Occupying 0.25 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> , the proposed PA achieves a measured output power of 22.6 dBm with 19.3% peak power-added efficiency <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(PAE_{MAX})$</tex> </formula> . The 2-stage PA has a measured power gain of 25.3 dB.