gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Comparison of Three Floating Wind Turbine Concepts (2013)

Beyond many of Earth's coasts exists a vast deepwater wind resource that can be tapped to provide substantial amounts of clean, renewable energy. However, much of this resource resides in waters deeper than 60 m where current fixed bottom wind turbine technology is no longer economically viable. As a result, many are looking to floating wind turbines as a means of harnessing this deepwater offshore wind resource. The preferred floating platform technology for this application, however, is currently up for debate. To begin the process of assessing the unique behavior of various platform concepts for floating wind turbines, 1/50th scale model tests in a wind/wave basin were performed at the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) of three floating wind turbine concepts. The Froude scaled tests simulated the response of the 126 m rotor diameter National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) 5 MW, horizontal axis Reference Wind Turbine attached via a flexible tower in turn to three distinct platforms, these being a tension leg-platform, a spar-buoy, and a semisubmersible. A large number of tests were performed ranging from simple free-decay tests to complex operating conditions with irregular sea states and dynamic winds. The high-quality wind environments, unique to these tests, were realized in the offshore basin via a novel wind machine, which exhibited low swirl and turbulence intensity in the flow field. Recorded data from the floating wind turbine models include rotor torque and position, tower top and base forces and moments, mooring line tensions, six-axis platform motions, and accelerations at key locations on the nacelle, tower, and platform. A comprehensive overview of the test program, including basic system identification results, is covered in previously published works. In this paper, the results of a comprehensive data analysis are presented, which illuminate the unique coupled system behavior of the three floating wind turbines subjected to combined wind and wave environments. The relative performance of each of the three systems is discussed with an emphasis placed on global motions, flexible tower dynamics, and mooring system response. The results demonstrate the unique advantages and disadvantages of each floating wind turbine platform.
Method for MRI-guided conformal thermal therapy of prostate with planar transurethral ultrasound heating applicators (2005)

A method for conformal prostate thermal therapy using transurethral ultrasound heating applicators incorporating planar transducers is described. The capability to shape heating patterns to the geometry of the prostate gland from a single element in a multi-element heating applicator was evaluated using Bioheat transfer modelling. Eleven prostate geometries were obtained from patients who underwent MR imaging of the prostate gland prior to radical prostatectomy. Results indicate that ultrasound heating applicators incorporating multi-frequency planar transducers (4 x 20 mm, f = 4.7 MHz, 9.7 MHz) are capable of shaping thermal damage patterns to the geometry of individual prostates. A temperature feedback control algorithm has been developed to control the frequency, rotation rate and applied power level from transurethral heating applicators based on measurements of the boundary temperature during heating. The discrepancy between the thermal damage boundary and the target boundary was less than 5 mm, and the transition distance between coagulation and normal tissue was less than 1 cm. Treatment times for large prostate volumes were less than 50 min, and perfusion did not have significant impact on the control algorithm. Rectal cooling will play an important role in reducing undesired heating near the rectal wall. Experimental validation of the simulations in a tissue-mimicking gel phantom demonstrated good agreement between the predicted and generated patterns of thermal damage.
In-Situ Corrosion Sensor for Coating Testing and Screening (2000)

An in-situ corrosion censor facilitates coating development and screening by detecting the early stages of corrosion well before degradation is visible. Based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the sensor extends the use of this established laboratory technique from immersion only to different accelerated test conditions (such as salt fog or humidity) and ambient service environments. By enabling a direct quantitative comparison of the early stages of coating deterioration and substrate corrosion that occur in laboratory accelerated tests and service or field conditions, the laboratory tests can be validated and coatings screened more quickly.
Improving the test quality for scan-based BIST using a general test application scheme (1999)

In this paper, we propose a general test application scheme for existing scan-based BIST architectures. The objective is to further improve the test quality without inserting additional logic to the Circuit Under Test (CUT). The proposed test scheme divides the entire test process into multiple test sessions. A different number of capture cycles is applied after scanning in a test pattern in each test session to maximize the fault detection for a distinct subset of faults. We present a procedure to find the optimal number of capture cycles following each scan sequence for every fault. Based on this information, the number of test sessions and the number of capture cycles after each scan sequence are determined to maximize the random testability of the CUT. We conduct experiments on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
<title>Advanced approaches in luminescence and Raman spectroscopy</title> (1991)

An overview is given of advanced analytical techniques and instrumentation, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and antibody-based fiber- optic sensors, used to detect trace levels of chemical pollutants and related biomarkers in complex environmental samples.
Identification of combination gene sets for glioma classification. (2002)

One goal for the gene expression profiling of cancer tissues is to identify signature genes that robustly distinguish different types or grades of tumors. Such signature genes would ideally provide a molecular basis for classification and also yield insight into the molecular events underlying different cancer phenotypes. This study applies a recently developed algorithm to identify not only single classifier genes but also gene sets (combinations) for use as glioma classifiers. Classifier genes identified by this algorithm are shown to be strong features by conservatively and collectively considering the misclassification errors of the feature sets. Applying this approach to a test set of 25 patients, we have identified the best single genes and two- to three-gene combinations for distinguishing four types of glioma: (a) oligodendroglioma; (b) anaplastic oligodendroglioma; (c) anaplastic astrocytoma; and (d) glioblastoma multiforme. Some of the identified genes, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, have been confirmed to be associated with one of the tumor types. Using combinations of genes, the classification error rate can be significantly lowered. In many instances, neither of the individual genes of a two-gene set performs well as an accurate classifier, but the combination of the two genes forms a robust classifier with a small error rate. Two-gene and three-gene combinations thus provide robust classifiers possessing the potential to translate expression microarray results into diagnostic histopathological assays for clinical utilization.
A Basic Theory of Induction Heating for a Wind-Powered Thermal Energy System (2017)

A wind-powered thermal energy system (WTES) can convert wind power efficiently into thermal energy to be stored for stable and low-cost electric power generation. This paper derives a basic formula of induction heating for heat generation in the WTES. The dependence of heat generation on the number of magnetic poles and material parameters of the conductor is analytically derived. The maximal heat generation is given by a simple function of the conductor radius, rotational speed, and applied magnetic flux density. Finite-element eddy-current analysis shows that the derived analytical solution gives a reasonable estimation of heat generation.
Simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift thermometry and <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> measurements using a single reference variable flip angle <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> method (2019)

The single reference variable flip angle method provides a reliable way to simultaneously measure PRF temperature and T<sub>1</sub> change and overcomes PRF's inability to simultaneously monitor temperature in aqueous and adipose tissues. Future work will calibrate T<sub>1</sub> change to temperature, enabling real-time temperature in fat and increasing patient safety and treatment efficacy during thermal interventional treatments.
Phosphonamide pyrabactin analogues as abscisic acid agonists (2015)

A four step synthesis towards novel phosphonic pyrabactin analogues is presented. Via a stomatal closure and germination assay, the ability of the analogues to selectively induce the ABA-signaling pathway was demonstrated.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a key mediator in experimental osteoarthritis pain and disease development (2012)

GM-CSF is key to the development of experimental osteoarthritis and its associated pain. Importantly, GM-CSF neutralization by a therapeutic monoclonal antibody-based protocol rapidly and completely abolished existing arthritic pain and suppressed the degree of arthritis development. Our results suggest that it would be worth exploring the importance of GM-CSF for pain and disease in other osteoarthritis models and perhaps clinically for this form of arthritis.
Medical applications of Raman spectroscopy: From proof of principle to clinical implementation (2002)

Raman spectroscopy has recently been applied ex vivo and in vivo to address various biomedical issues such as the early detection of cancers, monitoring of the effect of various agents on the skin, determination of atherosclerotic plaque composition, and rapid identification of pathogenic microorganisms. This leap in the number of applications and the number of groups active in this field has been facilitated by several technological advancements in lasers, CCD detectors, and fiber-optic probes. However, most of the studies are still at the proof of concept stage. We present a discussion on the status of the field today, as well as the problems and issues that still need to be resolved to bring this technology to hospital settings (i.e., the medical laboratory, surgical suites, or clinics). Taken from the viewpoint of clinicians and medical analysts, the potential of Raman spectroscopic techniques as new tools for biomedical applications is discussed and a path is proposed for the clinical implementation of these techniques.
New highly efficient photorefractive polymer composite for optical-storage and image-processing applications (1993)

Reversible holographic storage and beam amplification has been achieved in a new polymer composite using a low-power semiconductor visible laser diode emitting at 674nm. This material shows substantially better performance than the existing photorefractive polymeric materials. A diffraction efficiency of 5%, a gain coefficient of 30cm−1 and a net gain of 6cm−1 have been measured in 105 μm-thick samples with an applied field of 40V/μm.
Stainless Steel Passivation Using Electropolishing and Thermal Treatments (2017)

Tritium is highly reactive with many materials. It is adsorbed onto and absorbed through the surface of containment vessels subsequently modifying the contained gas composition by isotopic exchange and catalytic reactions with surface elements and adsorbed gas species. Savannah River Tritium Enterprise (SRTE) uses a proprietary surface treatment that is intended to render the surface inert. Unfortunately, this process has not proven to be sufficiently robust for containing tritium gas standards. SRTE has funded a project that will explore the effects of electropolishing and vacuum and oxidizing thermal treatments on surface passivation of stainless steel (SS). Herein, a statistically designed series of experiments will be discussed that will inform optimized parameters for acid composition, current density, and other electrochemical process variables for the passivation of SS. The surfaces were analyzed using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Novel techniques to characterize the passive layers are also being developed. In future experiments, gas sample bottles will be loaded with protium and deuterium to determine the relative exchange characteristics of the treated vessels. Previous work has indicated that if little protium ingrowth occurs or few contaminant species form, e.g., methane or ammonia, and little hydrogen exchange occurs in a protium and deuterium gas mixture the treatment is suitable for maintaining the tritium stability. This statement is not intended to imply that tritium, deuterium, protium mixes will not exchange, only that these results are useful as a screening tool prior to tritium exposure.
Trainable videorealistic speech animation (2002)

We describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, speech animation module. A human subject is first recorded using a videocamera as he/she utters a predetermined speech corpus. After processing the corpus automatically, a visual speech module is learned from the data that is capable of synthesizing the human subject's mouth uttering entirely novel utterances that were not recorded in the original video. The synthesized utterance is re-composited onto a background sequence which contains natural head and eye movement. The final output is videorealistic in the sense that it looks like a video camera recording of the subject. At run time, the input to the system can be either real audio sequences or synthetic audio produced by a text-to-speech system, as long as they have been phonetically aligned.The two key contributions of this paper are 1) a variant of the multidimensional morphable model (MMM) to synthesize new, previously unseen mouth configurations from a small set of mouth image prototypes; and 2) a trajectory synthesis technique based on regularization, which is automatically trained from the recorded video corpus, and which is capable of synthesizing trajectories in MMM space corresponding to any desired utterance.
A Multiplex Microsphere Immunoassay for Zika Virus Diagnosis (2017)

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of infectious agents is essential for patient care, disease control, and countermeasure development. The present serologic diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection relies mainly on IgM-capture ELISA which is confounded with the flaw of cross-reactivity among different flaviviruses. In this communication, we report a multiplex microsphere immunoassay (MIA) that captures the diagnostic power of viral envelope protein (that elicits robust, yet cross-reactive antibodies to other flaviviruses) and the differential power of viral nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS5 (that induce more virus-type specific antibodies). Using 153 patient specimens with known ZIKV and/or dengue virus (DENV; a closely related flavivirus) infections, we showed that (i) ZIKV envelope-based MIA is equivalent or more sensitive than IgM-capture ELISA in diagnosing ZIKV infection, (ii) antibody responses to NS1 and NS5 proteins are more ZIKV-specific than antibody response to envelope protein, (iii) inclusion of NS1 and NS5 in the MIA improves the diagnostic accuracy when compared with the MIA that uses envelope protein alone. The multiplex MIA achieves a rapid diagnosis (turnaround time<4h) and requires small specimen volume (10μl) in a single reaction. This serologic assay could be developed for use in clinical diagnosis of ZIKV infection and for monitoring immune responses in vaccine trials.
Local feature matching using entropic graphs (2005)

We present a general framework for image discrimination based on identifying small, localized differences between images. Our novel matching scheme is based on an alternate information divergence criterion, the Renyi /spl alpha/-entropy. The minimum spanning tree (MST) is used to derive a direct estimate of /spl alpha/-entropy over a feature set defined by basis features extracted from images using independent component analysis (ICA). The MST provides a stable unbiased estimate of local entropy to identify sites of local mismatch between images. Sub-image blocks are ranked over a set of local deformations spanning small image regions. We demonstrate improved sensitivity to local changes for matching and registration and provide a framework for tracking features of interest in images.
Best Integer Equivariant estimation for Precise Point Positioning (2012)

A key prerequisite for Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is the precise knowledge of satellite phase and code biases. This paper proposes a method, that is based on a very general measurement model with an individual phase and code bias for each receiver, satellite and frequency. We compute a recursive least-squares float solution with a Kalman filter, and a subsequent ambiguity fixed solution using Teunissen's Best Integer Equivariant (BIE) estimator. The latter one minimizes the mean squared error (MSE) and, thus, outperforms the well-known Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment (LAMBDA) method. Simulation results show the achievable performance of the BIE estimator in comparison to the LAMBDA method.
Thin film techniques for developing a more rugged alpha scintillation detector (1988)

The objective of this project was to develop an alpha scintillation detector more rugged than conventional detectors having aluminized Mylar entrance windows, which can be damaged in some hostile environments encountered in field surveys. A more durable, light- tight entrance window will reduce maintenance costs. This developmental model consists of a thin sandwich of scintillator, opaque material, and scuff-resistant coating deposited on a transparent substrate. Several scintillators have been evaluated for light output and high alpha-to-gamma ratio. After optimizing the thickness of the scintillator, the layer is made opaque to ambient light by coating the front side with a light-tight material such as aluminum. The opaque entrance window is protected with a scuff-resistant layer of silicon dioxide, and the finished wafer is attached to a photomultiplier tube to complete the detector assembly. 6 refs., 7 figs.
Diffusion-Controlled Porous Crystalline Silicon Lithium Metal Batteries (2020)

Nanostructured porous silicon materials have recently advanced as hosts for Li-metal plating. However, limitations involve detrimental silicon self-pulverization, Li-dendrites, and the ability to achieve wafer-level integration of non-composite, pure silicon anodes. compo. Herein, full cells featuring low-resistance, wafer-scale porous crystalline silicon (PCS) anodes are embedded with a nanoporous Li-plating and diffusion-regulating surface layer upon combined wafer surface cleaning (SC) and anodization. LL Lithiophilic surface formation is illustrated via correlation of surface groups and X-ray structure. Low-cost SC-PCS anodes require no composite formulation, and pre-lithiation enables sustainable Li-metal plating/stripping on the lithiophilic surface and in SC-PCS bulk nanostructure. Anodization time and C-rate determined competitive full cell performance: NMC811 | 4800 s SC-PCS: 195 mAh/g (99.9% coulombic efficiency [C.E.], C/3, 50 cycles), 165 mAh/g, 587 Wh/kg (97.1% C.E., C/3 and C/2 rate, 350 cycles), 24 Ω∗cm<sup>2</sup> SC-PCS-resistivity (900 cycles); 160 μm LCO | 500 s SC-PCS: 102 mAh/g (94.1% C.E., 1C, 350 cycles).
Joint Development of an Environmentally Acceptable Ester-Based Drilling Fluid (2010)

Abstract Drilling through highly sensitive shale areas with challenging well profiles, including highly deviated and extended long reach, require the use of an oil-based mud (OBM). However, environmental legislation restricts the discharge of drilling waste/cuttings especially when the cuttings are contaminated with OBM. Therefore, a more environmentally acceptable drilling fluid system is required. The palm oil derivative drilling fluid system is one of the alternatives to meet the challenge. Joint development was carried out in Kuala Lumpur and Houston with the goal to develop a high-performance synthetic-based drilling fluid. Three esters of interest were evaluated for possible use as the external phase of an invert emulsion. The testing conducted with the esters included elastomer compatibility testing, base oil viscosity, drilling fluid properties and Leptocheirus 10-day bioassays. A series of tests were also conducted with the blend of ester and paraffin and a blend of ester and mineral oil. Fluids were successfully formulated with a minimum number of components including organophilic clay, emulsifier, calcium chloride brine and barite. Several systems were tested for property changes in response to weight up or contamination with simulated drill solids, seawater or cement. Most systems exhibited acceptable changes in fluid properties. Fluids were observed to be stable up to the test aging temperature of 250°F (121°C). Based upon the tests completed, a more environmentally friendly synthetic oil-based drilling fluid has been developed.
Using Geometry To Sense Current (2016)

We describe a superconducting three-terminal device that uses a simple geometric effect known as current crowding to sense the flow of current and actuate a readout signal. The device consists of a "Y"-shaped current combiner, with two currents (sense and bias) entering separately through the top arms of the "Y", intersecting, and then exiting together through the bottom leg of the "Y". When current is added to or removed from one of the arms (e.g., the sense arm), the superconducting critical current in the other arm (i.e., the bias arm) is modulated. The current in the sense arm can thus be determined by measuring the critical current of the bias arm, or inversely, the sense current can be used to modulate the state of the bias arm. The dependence of the bias critical current on the sense current occurs due to the geometric current crowding effect, which causes the sense current to interact locally with the bias arm. Measurement of the critical current in the bias arm does not break the superconducting state of the sense arm or of the bottom leg, and thus, quantized currents trapped in a superconducting loop were able to be repeatedly measured without changing the state of the loop. Current crowding is a universal effect in nanoscale superconductors, and so this device has potential for applicability across a broad range of superconducting technologies and materials. More generally, any technology in which geometrically induced flow crowding exists in the presence of a strong nonlinearity might make use of this type of device.
Automated threshold selection for a constant false alarm rate (2003)

The utility of Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithms is that the selection of a detection threshold may be made independently of image intensity. However, wide application of the algorithms shows that detection values are highly dependent on scene characteristics. A threshold selection algorithm is presented for a CFAR detection algorithm. Fitting the output of the detection algorithm with a model of a portion of the theoretical results allows for background independent threshold selection.