gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fingerprinting of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>pelargonii</i> and Related Pathovars Using Random‐Primed PCR (1995)

Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of total DNA was evaluated as a method to distinguish Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii from other pathovars within this species. Two sets of highly conserved enterobacterial consensus sequences were used as targets for PCR amplification: (a) enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus [ERIC] and (b) repetitive extragenic palindromic [REP] sequences. Nucleic acid was extracted from a total of 37 isolates of bacteria: 19 isolates of X campestris pv. pelargonii and 18 isolates representing 10 other pathovars of X. campestris. After PCR amplification using the ERIC primer pair the DNA fingerprints of X. campestris pv, pelargonii contained two major DNA products (estimated size 500 and 740 pp) that were conserved among all 19 isolates. With the REP primer pair, the fingerprints were more complex and major DNA products ranging from ‐690 to 1650 bp were detected. Using information from both ERIC‐ and REP‐primed Imgerprints, the X. campestris pv. pelargonii fingerprints were distinguishable from the fingerprints of the other pathovars examined: pvs. citrumelo. citri, beganiae, vittans B and C. phaseoli. campestris, manihotis, juglandis, carotae and pruni.
Cloning and expression of bacterial ice nucleation genes in Escherichia coli (1985)

Epiphytic populations of Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia herbicola are important sources of ice nuclei that incite frost damage in agricultural crop plants. We have cloned and characterized DNA segments carrying the genes (ice) responsible for the ice-nucleating ability of these bacteria. The ice region spanned 3.5 to 4.0 kilobases and was continuous over this region in P. syringae Cit7R1. The cloned fragments imparted ice-nucleating activity in Escherichia coli. Substantial increases in the nucleating activity of both E. coli and P. syringae were obtained by subcloning the DNA fragments on multicopy plasmid vectors. Southern blot analysis showed substantial homology between the ice regions of P. syringae and E. herbicola, although individual restriction sites within the ice regions differed between the two species.
Creating Randomized Amino Acid Libraries with the QuikChange <sup>®</sup> Multi Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (2002)

The QuikChange Multi Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit is a simple and efficient method for introducing point mutations at up to five sites simultaneously in plasmid DNA templates. Here we used the QuikChange Multi kit with degenerate (one codon) primers to introduce all possible amino acids at selected sites in the lacZ gene. In reactions employing two or three degenerate primers, diverse libraries (10(4)-10(5) mutants/reaction) are created consisting of random combinations of mutations at two or three different sites. This method provides a one-day procedure for performing site-directed saturation mutagenesis and, when coupled with a suitable screening assay, should greatly facilitate the process of evaluating alternative amino acid chain substitutions at key residues and evolving protein function.
DC powered atmospheric pressure micro-plasmajet for biomedical applications (2006)

Summary form only given. Nonthermal (cold) plasmas operated in air at atmospheric pressure offer an appealing method for the processing and decontamination of surfaces. Most existing devices are operated with radiofrequency high voltages. Microhollow cathode discharges (MHCDs), on the other hand, allow us to generate a direct current driven plasma jet in atmospheric pressure gases, including air. The discharge is sustained by a voltage of only several hundred volts applied to two plane metal electrodes which are separated by a dielectric insulator. The plasma is confined in a cylindrical channel drilled through all layers. With a thickness of the dielectric of 0.25 mm and a diameter of the channel of less than 1 mm a stable glow discharge can be sustained. By flowing air or nitrogen through the channel into atmospheric pressure air, a well-defined plasma (afterglow) jet is generated with a typical, visible length of 10-20 mm. The gas temperature of air and nitrogen plasmas inside the channel was measured by means of emission spectroscopy using the 0-0 band within the second positive system of nitrogen. Increasing the flow rate from 0 to 200 ml/min resulted in a decrease in gas temperature from 2000 K to 800 K in the channel. The lower temperature allows us to replace high temperature ceramics and metals, such as alumina and molybdenum, respectively, with less expensive and easier machinable materials. The turbulent gas flow effectively cools the plasma jet down further to temperatures close to room temperature at a distance of 5 mm from the nozzle. This allows using this micro-plasma jet for treatment of heat sensitive materials and surfaces. E.g., the wettability of polypropylene (melting point 170degC) was increased by 70% when treated with the plasma jet. Other applications include the gentle cleaning and decontamination of organic materials. Studies on the treatment of fungal, viral, and bacterial skin diseases with the plasma jet are underway
Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern Algorithm on BCI Competition IV Datasets 2a and 2b (2012)

The Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm is an effective and popular method for classifying 2-class motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) data, but its effectiveness depends on the subject-specific frequency band. This paper presents the Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern (FBCSP) algorithm to optimize the subject-specific frequency band for CSP on Datasets 2a and 2b of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Competition IV. Dataset 2a comprised 4 classes of 22 channels EEG data from 9 subjects, and Dataset 2b comprised 2 classes of 3 bipolar channels EEG data from 9 subjects. Multi-class extensions to FBCSP are also presented to handle the 4-class EEG data in Dataset 2a, namely, Divide-and-Conquer (DC), Pair-Wise (PW), and One-Versus-Rest (OVR) approaches. Two feature selection algorithms are also presented to select discriminative CSP features on Dataset 2b, namely, the Mutual Information-based Best Individual Feature (MIBIF) algorithm, and the Mutual Information-based Rough Set Reduction (MIRSR) algorithm. The single-trial classification accuracies were presented using 10 × 10-fold cross-validations on the training data and session-to-session transfer on the evaluation data from both datasets. Disclosure of the test data labels after the BCI Competition IV showed that the FBCSP algorithm performed relatively the best among the other submitted algorithms and yielded a mean kappa value of 0.569 and 0.600 across all subjects in Datasets 2a and 2b respectively.
Impulse Noise Estimation and Removal for OFDM Systems (2014)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation scheme that is widely used in wired and wireless communication systems. While OFDM is ideally suited to deal with frequency selective channels and AWGN, its performance may be dramatically impacted by the presence of impulse noise. In fact, very strong noise impulses in the time domain might result in the erasure of whole OFDM blocks of symbols at the receiver. Impulse noise can be mitigated by considering it as a sparse signal in time, and using recently developed algorithms for sparse signal reconstruction. We propose an algorithm that utilizes the guard band null subcarriers for the impulse noise estimation and cancellation. Instead of relying on \ell_1 minimization as done in some popular general-purpose compressive sensing schemes, the proposed method jointly exploits the specific structure of this problem and the available a priori information for sparse signal recovery. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is very competitive with respect to sparse signal reconstruction schemes based on \ell_1 minimization. The proposed method is compared with respect to other state-of-the-art methods in terms of achievable rates for an OFDM system with impulse noise and AWGN.
Scalable Island Multicast for Peer-to-Peer Streaming (2007)

Despite the fact that global multicast is still not possible in today's Internet, many local networks are already multicast-capable (the so-called multicast “islands”). However, most application-layer multicast (ALM) protocols for streaming have not taken advantage of the underlying IP multicast capability. As IP multicast is more efficient, it would be beneficial if ALM can take advantage of such capability in building overlay trees. In this paper, we propose a fully distributed protocol called scalable island multicast (SIM) , which effectively integrates IP multicast and ALM. Hosts in SIM first form an overlay tree using a scalable protocol. They then detect IP multicast islands and employ IP multicast whenever possible. We study the key issues in the design, including overlay tree construction, island management, and system resilience. Through simulations on Internet-like topologies, we show that SIM achieves lower end-to-end delay, lower link stress, and lower resource usage than traditional ALM protocols.
Effects of Between- and Within-Subject Variability on Autonomic Cardiorespiratory Activity during Sleep and Their Limitations on Sleep Staging: A Multilevel Analysis (2015)

Autonomic cardiorespiratory activity changes across sleep stages. However, it is unknown to what extent it is affected by between- and within-subject variability during sleep. As it is hypothesized that the variability is caused by differences in subject demographics (age, gender, and body mass index), time, and physiology, we quantified these effects and investigated how they limit reliable cardiorespiratory-based sleep staging. Six representative parameters obtained from 165 overnight heartbeat and respiration recordings were analyzed. Multilevel models were used to evaluate the effects evoked by differences in sleep stages, demographics, time, and physiology between and within subjects. Results show that the between- and within-subject effects were found to be significant for each parameter. When adjusted by sleep stages, the effects in physiology between and within subjects explained more than 80% of total variance but the time and demographic effects explained less. If these effects are corrected, profound improvements in sleep staging can be observed. These results indicate that the differences in subject demographics, time, and physiology present significant effects on cardiorespiratory activity during sleep. The primary effects come from the physiological variability between and within subjects, markedly limiting the sleep staging performance. Efforts to diminish these effects will be the main challenge.
New start-up schemes for isolated full-bridge boost converters (2002)

Two new start-up schemes for isolated full-bridge boost converters are proposed in this paper. The control timing for each scheme, which is compatible with the PWM control timing for the normal boost mode operation, is investigated. Design considerations on the relationships between the turns ratios of the boost choke windings and the main transformer windings, and its effects on the operation of the converter, are studied. The two proposed start-up schemes are experimentally verified on a 1.6 kW, 12 V/288 V prototype.
Global Characterization of the SRC-1 Transcriptome Identifies ADAM22 as an ER-Independent Mediator of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer (2011)

The development of breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapy results from an increase in cellular plasticity that permits the emergence of a hormone-independent tumor. The steroid coactivator protein SRC-1, through interactions with developmental proteins and other nonsteroidal transcription factors, drives this tumor adaptability. In this discovery study, we identified ADAM22, a non-protease member of the ADAM family of disintegrins, as a direct estrogen receptor (ER)-independent target of SRC-1. We confirmed SRC-1 as a regulator of ADAM22 by molecular, cellular, and in vivo studies. ADAM22 functioned in cellular migration and differentiation, and its levels were increased in endocrine resistant-tumors compared with endocrine-sensitive tumors in mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer. Clinically, ADAM22 was found to serve as an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival. Taken together, our findings suggest that SRC-1 switches steroid-responsive tumors to a steroid-resistant state in which the SRC-1 target gene ADAM22 has a critical role, suggesting this molecule as a prognostic and therapeutic drug target that could help improve the treatment of endocrine-resistant breast cancer.
A Nephelometric Procedure for Determination of Fat and Protein in Milk (1977)

Abstract A nephelometric procedure for determination of protein and fat content of milk has been developed. Protein is aggregated into a colloidal suspension by the addition of an anhydrous reagent consisting of 15.75% acetic anhydride, 83.75% glacial acetic acid, and .5% p-toluenesulfonic acid. Protein then is redissolved, and the fat is aggregated into an emulsion by addition of an aqueous surfactant solution consisting of 5% IGEPAL DM-970 in water. Correlation of the nephelometric method with the standard Kjeldahl protein determination gives a coefficient of .977; that of the nephelometric and Babcock fat determination gives .985.
45-Mbit/s cat’s-eye modulating retroreflectors (2007)

Modulating retroreflectors (MRRs) couple passive optical retroreflectors with electro-optic modulators to allow free-space optical communication with a laser and pointing-acquisition-tracking system required on only one end of the link. Recently, MRR using multiple quantum well (MQW) modulators have been demonstrated using a large-area MQW placed in front of the aperture of a corner cube. For a MQW modulator, the maximum modulation rate can range into the gigahertz, limited only by the RC time constant of the device. Most MRR systems have used corner-cube retroreflectors with apertures of about 1 cm, which require large, and hence high-capacitance, modulators. Thus data rates exceeding a few megabits per second are not possible. We describe a new kind of MQW MRR that uses a cat's-eye retroreflector with the MQW in the focal plane of the cat's-eye. This system decouples the size of the modulator from the size of the optical aperture and allows much higher data rates. A 45-Mbit/s free space link over a range of 7 km is demonstrated.
Characterizing the steering performance of a diagnostic-therapeutic ultrasound array using measured and synthesized holograms (2022)

Acoustic holography is frequently used for the characterization of fields generated by ultrasound transducers. For arrays with electronic focusing and beam steering, separate holograms are needed to represent the 3D field for each combination of array parameters. In this paper, we show that holograms for the field generated by each individual element in an ultrasound array can be recorded in a single hydrophone scan, by interleaving a series of excitations at each measurement location in which each element is driven separately. Such holograms were recorded for a 64-element diagnostic-therapeutic linear array with a nominal focal length of 50 mm and pitch of 0.8 mm, which is smaller than the wavelength at the operating frequency of 1.05 MHz. The resulting holograms reveal aspects of crosstalk and variations between array elements. By summing the elemental holograms with the appropriate phase shifts, holograms are synthesized representing source conditions for cases where the entire array is used to generate different beam configurations, with focal lengths between 35 mm and 60 mm, and steering angles of up to 20°. These synthetic holograms are shown to accurately characterize non-ideal steering behavior of the transducer, confirmed through direct hydrophone measurements. [Work supported by NIH grants R01EB023910 and R01EB025187.]
Novel fiducial and non‐fiducial approaches to electrocardiogram‐based biometric systems (2013)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non‐invasive and widely used technique for cardiac electrophysiological assessment. Although the ECG has traditionally only been used for functional diagnostic and evaluation, several advances in electrophysiological sensing have made available robust signal acquisition devices, particularly suited for ambulatory conditions, widening its range of applications. In particular, recent work has shown the potential of the ECG as a biometric trait, both for human identification and authentication. This study sets the ground for an ECG‐based real‐time biometric system. The authors describe an experimental setup and the evaluation of new fiducial and non‐fiducial approaches, including data acquisition, signal processing, feature extraction and analysis and classification methodologies, showing the applicability of the ECG as a real‐time biometric. Performance evaluation was done in clinical‐grade ECG recording from 51 healthy control individuals (of a publicly available benchmark dataset) as well as on data collected from 26 healthy volunteers performing computer activities without any posture or motion limitations, thus simulating a regular computer usage scenario.
MEMS Micro-glassblowing Paradigm for Wafer-level Fabrication of Fused Silica Wineglass Gyroscopes (2014)

In this paper, we report latest developments in wafer-level micro-glassblowing paradigm for fabrication of highly symmetric, high Q-factor fused silica wineglass gyroscopes. Q-factors over 1 million have been demonstrated on both n = 2 wineglass modes with a high frequency symmetry (Δf/f) of 132 ppm. High Q-factor is enabled by a high aspect ratio, self-aligned glassblown stem structure, careful surface treatment of the perimeter area, and low internal loss fused silica material. Low frequency split is provided by the self-correcting behavior of the surface tension based micro-glassblowing process. Micro- glassblowing may enable batch-fabrication of high performance fused silica wineglass gyroscopes on a wafer surface at a significantly lower cost than their precision-machined macro-scale counterparts.
Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of hexahydrothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles and related analogs (1982)

A series of novel hexahydrothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles and related analogues were prepared and tested for antiinflammatory activity by using the mouse active Arthus reaction and the delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction in guinea pigs as primary screens. The compounds of most interest, 18 and 28, were further tested in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis; in this system, both compounds were active when dosed intraperitoneally but failed to produce significant activity when dosed orally at subtoxic doses.
Requirements for Floor Control Protocols (2006)

Floor control is a means to manage joint or exclusive access to shared resources in a (multiparty) conferencing environment. Thereby, floor control complements other functions --such as conference and media session setup, conference policy manipulation, and media control --that are realized by other protocols. This document defines the requirements for a floor control protocol for multiparty conferences in the context of an existing framework.
Role of zeolite in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons from CO and H2 on a composite cobalt catalyst (2015)

It is found that the main role of zeolite in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on a composite Co catalysts is to reduce the average molecular weight of hydrocarbons produced from CO and H2 on acid sites. Secondary transformations of hydrocarbons on zeolites seem to occur via a carbocation mechanism. The total composition of synthesis products depends on the zeolite properties and the mutual arrangement of zeolite and cobalt active sites. It is shown that in some cases, introducing H-form zeolite into the Co catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis increases the productivity and the selectivity to synthetic oil and lowers the selectivity to methane.
Distributed Network of LDO Microregulators Providing Submicrosecond DVFS and IR Drop Compensation for a 24-Core Microprocessor in 14nm SOI CMOS (2019)

A distributed network of LDO microregulators (uREGs) senses and corrects the voltage at multiple points on a power supply grid in a multi-core microprocessor to reduce IR drops and associated performance loss. Adding a switched-capacitor (SC) accelerator to the charge pump of each uREG speeds up output voltage transitions by 17X for greater DVFS savings. Line and load regulations are 6.7mV/V and 1.5mV/A, respectively. The regulator also achieves a power efficiency of 89.9% and a current efficiency of 98.5%, while reaching a peak power density of 91.1W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Authenticated communication from quantum readout of PUFs (2017)

Quantum readout of physical unclonable functions (PUFs) is a recently introduced method for remote authentication of objects. We present an extension of the protocol to enable the authentication of <i>data</i>: A verifier can check if received classical data were sent by the PUF holder. We call this modification QR-d or, in the case of the optical-PUF implementation, QSA-d. We discuss how QSA-d can be operated in a parallel way. We also present a protocol for authenticating quantum states.
OCDM-Based All Optical Multi-Level Security (2007)

Faced with the demand for high capacity communication in avionics there is growing interest to deploy fiber optic networks. With the introduction of optics in avionics, an optical physical layer that can support multilevel security (MLS) is needed. Using different fibers (space division multiplexing) is an obvious choice. In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, different security levels are carried through different optical windows. However, WDM enabled MLS is susceptible to eavesdropping through inter-window cross talk. Recently we introduced a new concept of OCDM methodology based on a passive spectral phase encoding (SPE) scheme that is compatible with WDM networks and offers photonic layer security (PLS). This compatibility is achieved through the ability to access and modify optical phase of tightly spaced phase locked laser lines with high resolution. The next level of MLS beyond WDM is offered by providing the proper recipient its unique OCDM code, without which inadvertent leakage of signal cannot be deciphered. A higher level of security that is robust to both exhaustive search and archival attacks can also be offered through phase scrambling of the inverse multiplexed tributaries of the high data rate aggregate signal. In this presentation we summarize our all optical passive OCDM methodology that has been studied for terrestrial WDM networks and underline its size, weight and power (SWaP) figures of merit for MLS in avionics.
Command shaping boom crane control system with nonlinear inputs (2003)

Presents the application of a command shaping control method for suppressing payload swing caused by operator commanded maneuvers, in rotary, ship-based, boom cranes. The crane configuration investigated, consists of a payload mass that swings on the end of a spherical pendulum of varying lift-line length (hoisting). The lift-line is attached to a boom capable of elevation (luffing) and rotation about a vertical axis (slewing). Positioning of the payload is accomplished through luff, slew and hoist commands issued in real-time by an operator. Payload oscillation is excited by a nonlinear combination of the operator's inputs. It is shown that linear filters are sufficient under certain conditions. The command shaping strategy, consisting of a time-varying filter, reduces payload oscillation by 18 dB in experiments using the 1/16th scale Navy Crane Testbed at Sandia National Laboratories.