gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Optimal Linear Differential Microphone Arrays Based Array Geometry Optimization (2019)

This paper presents a method to design optimal linear differential microphone arrays (DMAs) by optimizing the array geometry. By constraining the DMA beamformer to achieve a given target value of the directivity factor (DF) with a specified target frequency-invariant beampattern while achieving also the highest possible white noise gain (WNG), an optimization algorithm is developed, which consists of the following two steps. 1) The full frequency band of interest is divided into a few subbands. At every subband, the entire linear array is divided into subarrays and the number of subarrays depends on the total number of the sensors and the order of the DMA. A cost function is then defined, which is minimized to determine what subarray produces the optimal performance. 2) The subband optimal subarrays are then combined across the entire frequency band to form a fullband cost function, from which the geometry of the entire array is optimized. These two steps are repeated with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm until the desired array performance is reached. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain the target DF with a frequency-invariant beampattern over a wide band of frequencies while maintaining a reasonable level of WNG.
Transcriptome of Arabidopsis leaf senescence (2004)

Abstract Leaf senescence is a complex developmental process during which essential nutrients are recycled. In order to unravel the biochemical pathways and regulatory mechanisms that underlie this process, it would be valuable to examine the transcriptome associated with leaf senescence. Accordingly, an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf senescence cDNA library with approximately 10 4 recombinant clones was subjected to large‐scale single‐pass sequencing. Approximately 6200 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, corresponding to 2491 unique genes. These included 134 genes encoding transcription factors and 182 genes whose products are components of signal transduction pathways, such as the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. A total of 116 of these genes are predicted to be involved in protein turnover, including 75 genes associated with the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and 35 proteinases. Many of the genes are predicted to encode transporters for ions, amino acids and sugars, consistent with the substantial nutrient recycling during leaf senescence. In addition, this study revealed ESTs for 98 annotated genes for which ESTs did not previously exist and 46 novel transcribed units that have not previously been annotated in the Arabidopsis genome. Approximately one‐third of the 2491 genes are predicted to encode proteins with unknown functions. The genes are distributed evenly on the five chromosomes.
<sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2014)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-recognized target for identification and therapy of a variety of cancers. Here we report five (64)Cu-labeled inhibitors of PSMA, [(64)Cu]3-7, which are based on the lysine-glutamate urea scaffold and utilize a variety of macrocyclic chelators, namely NOTA(3), PCTA(4), Oxo-DO3A(5), CB-TE2A(6), and DOTA(7), in an effort to determine which provides the most suitable pharmacokinetics for in vivo PET imaging. [(64)Cu]3-7 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (60-90%) and purity (>95%). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of [(64)Cu]3-7 revealed specific accumulation in PSMA-expressing xenografts (PSMA+ PC3 PIP) relative to isogenic control tumor (PSMA- PC3 flu) and background tissue. The favorable kinetics and high image contrast provided by CB-TE2A chelated [(64)Cu]6 suggest it as the most promising among the candidates tested. That could be due to the higher stability of [(64)Cu]CB-TE2A as compared with [(64)Cu]NOTA, [(64)Cu]PCTA, [(64)Cu]Oxo-DO3A, and [(64)Cu]DOTA chelates in vivo.
In vitro affinity maturation of a specificity-determining region-grafted humanized anticarcinoma antibody: isolation and characterization of minimally immunogenic high-affinity variants. (2003)

The two isolates, V14 and V15, which show higher Ag-binding reactivity and lower sera reactivity than the parental V10 Ab, are potentially more useful clinical reagents. These results demonstrate that phage display can be used to isolate variants of an Ab that are potentially less immunogenic in patients than the parental Ab from which they are derived.
All-Digital DPWM/DPFM Controller for Low-Power DC-DC Converters (2006)

A digital controller for dc-dc switching converters used in battery-powered handheld devices is introduced. The controller can operate in two modes and encompasses designs of a digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM) and an all-digital pulse-frequency modulator (DPFM). The DPWM has a high resolution and can operate at very-high constant switching frequency (tens of MHz). The DPFM features very-low power consumption, programmable on-time and control over switching frequency range. An experimental FPGA prototype and an application-specific IC that employ controller architecture are built around 3.3 V, 3W, 6 MHz buck power stage and successful operation of the digital controller in both modes is verified. The low power consumption has been also verified on a chip implemented in a standard CMOS 0.18/spl mu/m process.
A New Methodology for On Line Lubricant Consumption Measurement (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">On-line measurement of oil consumption is of interest in light of new environmental regulations imposed on today’s high-performance engines. Lubricant consumption has a negative impact on the environment, but it also reduces the lifetime of post-treatment systems by poisoning catalysts and clogging particle filters. A new method was recently developed by Delta Services Industriels (DSi) and TOTAL France for monitoring oil consumption on running engines. It is based on lubricant labeling using new radiotracer compounds, which are made representative of the distillation interval of the base oil. Oil consumption measurement is performed in the exhaust line where tracer residues are trapped in a filter and are monitored continuously. This paper describes the new methodology and presents experimental results obtained on various fired engines, for various operating conditions.</div>
Integrated electronic shutter for back-illuminated charge-coupled devices (1993)

A novel electronic shutter has been integrated into the structure of a back-illuminated frame-transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) to permit short optical exposure times and to reduce the smear that occurs during the transfer of an image from the CCD detection area. The shutter consists of an n/sup +/ shutter drain placed in the vertical channel stop regions and stepped p-type buried layers formed by a high-energy implantation (1.0-1.5 MeV) located between the CCD n-type buried channel the and p substrate. These structures create electric fields that direct the photoelectrons to either the CCD detection region or the n/sup +/ shutter drain. The ratio of photons detected with the shutter open to photons detected with the shutter closed has been measured to be greater than 75000 for wavelengths below 540 nm. The corresponding shutter rise and fall times are less than 55 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MicroJet printing of solder and polymers for multi-chip modules and chip-scale packages (1999)

High temperature ink-jet based printing processes (MicroJet) have been developed for the fabrication of high-density microelectronic and optoelectronic packages, including MCMs and CSPs. The enabling technology for this work has been the development of a printhead that accurately dispenses picoliter volumes of solders to polymeric formulations at operating temperatures up to 300EC. The inherently data-driven nature of MicroJet processes leads to a higher level of process integration, lower cost, and increased flexibility. Potential applications of MicroJet processes include: integrated circuit packaging, chip scale packaging, optoelectronic interconnect fabrication, and printed circuit board manufacturing. Using commercial, print-on-the-fly printing platforms, balls of Sn63/Pb37 solder have been dispensed and placed onto pads, at rates of over 400 bumps/sec. Solder interconnects and vertical vias have also been printed. Similarly, polymer formulations have been utilized in the printing of micro-optics, dielectric coatings, and electronic adhesives. Printing stations having multiple print heads for solder and dielectric material dispensing may be utilized to fabricate, in-situ, high-density and chip-scale packages on wafers.
An Epicardial Subxiphoid Implantable Defibrillator Lead: (2004)

A single epicardial implantable lead using the subxiphoid approach is described in this article. It consists of a single halo‐shaped coil that is implanted under the inferior surface of the heart, including the right and left inferior ventricular surfaces. It has been implanted in four patients who could not be defibrillated with a transvenous system, even with the adjunct use of subcutaneous leads or left chest wall patch. Three of the patients had progressive heart failure due to ischemic myocardiopathy; the fourth patient had a dilated idiopathic myocardiopathy. The approach is simple and appears to be effective due to its ability to encompass the left and right ventricles. This vector seems to significantly lower the threshold for defibrillation, and may offer substantial benefit in the setting of high defibrillation thresholds with conventional leads, or when conventional systems are inadequate to achieve consistent defibrillation.
Macromolecular MRI Contrast Agents with Small Dendrimers:  Pharmacokinetic Differences between Sizes and Cores (2003)

Large macromolecular MRI contrast agents with albumin or dendrimer cores are useful for imaging blood vessels. However, their prolonged retention is a major limitation for clinical use. Although smaller dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents are more quickly excreted by the kidneys, they are also able to visualize vascular structures better than Gd-DTPA due to less extravasation. Additionally, unlike Gd-DTPA, they transiently accumulate in renal tubules and thus also can be used to visualize renal structural and functional damage. However, these dendrimer agents are retained in the body for a prolonged time. The purpose of this study was to obtain information from which a macromolecular dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents feasible for use in further clinical studies could be chosen. Six small dendrimer-based MRI contrast agents were synthesized, and their pharmacokinetics, whole-body retention, and dynamic MRI were evaluated in mice to determine an optimal agent in comparison to Gd-[DTPA]-dimeglumine. Diaminobutane (DAB) dendrimer-based agents cleared more rapidly from the body than polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-based agents with the same numbers of branches. Smaller dendrimer conjugates were more rapidly excreted from the body than the larger dendrimer conjugates. Since PAMAM-G2, DAB-G3, and DAB-G2 dendrimer-based contrast agents showed relatively rapid excretion, these three conjugates might be acceptable for use in further clinical applications.
Recombination walking: genetic selection of clones from pooled libraries of yeast artificial chromosomes by homologous recombination. (1993)

Recombination walking is based on the genetic selection of specific human clones from a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library by homologous recombination. The desired clone is selected from a pooled (unordered) YAC library, eliminating labor-intensive steps typically used in organizing and maintaining ordered YAC libraries. Recombination walking represents an efficient approach to library screening and is well suited for chromosome-walking approaches to the isolation of genes associated with common diseases.
Inline Pseudoelliptic ${\rm TE}_{01\delta}$-Mode Dielectric Resonator Filters Using Multiple Evanescent Modes to Selectively Bypass Orthogonal Resonators (2012)

A new class of dielectric resonator filters with in-line structure and pseudoelliptic response is presented in this paper. The basic idea consists of using TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01δ</sub> single-mode resonators cascaded along an evanescent mode waveguide and oriented along orthogonal directions. By exploiting multiple evanescent modes, which can alternatively excite or bypass a resonator depending on its orientation, cross-coupling between nonadjacent dielectric pucks can be established and controlled. Various configurations, such as triplets, quadruplets, and quintuplets, can be obtained by properly orienting the various pucks and by exploiting a prescribed set of evanescent modes. In contrast with conventional techniques, pseudoelliptic filters can be implemented without using cumbersome cross-coupled architectures or reduced spurious performance multimode resonators. The experimental results of two sixth-order filters with two arbitrarily located transmission zeros, and a fifth-order filter with three transmission zeros validate the proposed filter class.
Piston Ring-Cylinder Bore Friction Modeling in Mixed Lubrication Regime: Part II—Correlation With Bench Test Data (1999)

A bench friction test system for piston ring and liner contact, which has high stroke length and large contact width has been used to verify the analytical mixed lubrication model presented in a companion paper (Part 1). This test system controls the speed, temperature and lubricant amount and records the friction force, loading force, crank angle signal and contact temperature data simultaneously. The effects of running speed, applied normal load, contact temperature and surface roughness on friction coefficient have been investigated for conventional cast-iron cylinder bores. Friction coefficient predictions are presented as a function of crank angle position and results are compared with bench test data. Analytical results correlated well with bench test results.
A Gridded Electron Gun for a Sheet Beam Klystron (2008)

This paper describes the development of an electron gun for a sheet beam klystron. Initially intended for accelerator applications, the gun can operate at a higher perveance than one with a cylindrically symmetric beam. Results of 2D and 3D simulations are discussed.
25‐5: <i>Distinguished Student Paper</i> : Fully‐Integrated Active Matrix Programmable UV and Blue Micro‐LED Display System‐on‐Panel (SoP) (2017)

High pixel per inch (PPI) and high resolution micro‐LED (μLED) displays are attracting more and more attentions. The increasing pixel number requires a large amount of bonding pads and brings huge difficulties to micro‐LED system design and lowers power efficiency as well. It is urgent to integrate row and column driving circuits onto the micro‐LED panel. Here we report a fully integrated active matrix programmable micro‐LED system on panel (SoP) with ultraviolent (UV) and blue emission wavelengths. The micro‐LED SoP has a resolution of 60x60 and pixel pitch of 70μm. The micro‐LED SoP was achieved by integrating micro‐LED arrays with silicon‐based PMOS driving panel using fine‐toned flip‐chip bonding technology. With fully integrated scan and data circuits, the number of bonding pads was greatly reduced from 136 to 28 and large amount of metal interconnection lines were saved. The micro‐LED SoP panel was mounted on a periphery driving board and representative characters were displayed successfully.
Performance of Wide Operating Temperature Range Electrolytes in Quallion Prototype Li-Ion Cells (2010)

For a number of applications, there is a continued interest in the development of rechargeable lithium-based batteries that can effectively operate over a wide temperature range (i.e., -40 to +70 deg C). These applications include powering future planetary rovers for NASA, enabling the next generation of automotive batteries for DOE, and supporting many DOD applications. Li-ion technology has been demonstrated to have good performance over a reasonably wide temperature range with many systems; however, there is still a desire to improve the low temperature rate capacity as well as the high temperature resilience. In the current study, we would like to present recent results obtained with prototype Li-Ion cells (manufactured by Quallion, LLC) which include various wide operating temperature range electrolytes developed by both JPL and Quallion. To demonstrate the viability of the technology, a number of performance tests were carried out, including: (a) discharge rate characterization over a wide temperature range (down to -60 deg C) using various rates (up to 20C rates), (b) discharge rate characterization at low temperatures with low temperature charging, (c) variable temperature cycling over a wide temperature range (-40 to +70 deg C), and (d) cycling at high temperature (50 deg C). As will be discussed, impressive rate capability was observed at low temperatures with many systems, as well as good resilience to high temperature cycling. To augment the performance testing on the prototype cells, a number of experimental three electrodes cells were fabricated (including Li reference electrodes) to allow the determination of the lithium kinetics of the respective electrodes and interfacial properties as a function of temperatures.
Capsule Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine against Diarrheal Disease Caused by <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2008)

The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni is one of the few identified virulence determinants of this important human pathogen. Since CPS conjugate vaccines have been so effective against other mucosal pathogens, we evaluated this approach using CPSs from two strains of C. jejuni, 81-176 (HS23 and HS36 serotype complex) and CG8486 (HS4 serotype complex). The CPSs of 81-176 and CG8486 were independently linked to the carrier protein CRM(197) by reductive amination between an aldehyde(s), strategically created at the nonreducing end of each CPS, and accessible amines of CRM(197). In both cases, the CPS:CRM(197) ratio used was 2:1 by weight. Mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis showed that on average, each glycoconjugate preparation contained, at least in part, two to five CPSs attached to one CRM(197). When administered subcutaneously to mice, these vaccines elicited robust immune responses and significantly reduced the disease following intranasal challenge with the homologous strains of C. jejuni. The CPS(81-176)-CRM(197) vaccine also provided 100% protection against diarrhea in the New World monkey Aotus nancymaae following orogastric challenge with C. jejuni 81-176.
A personal monitor using a surface area sensor (1997)

A personal electromagnetic radiation monitor having a surface area sensor to detect the radial electric field component directly from the radiating antenna or a secondary radial field component created by the current induced in the wearer of the personal monitor who is illuminated by the electromagnetic field is presented. The measurement of low frequency electric (E) fields in the presence of a human is difficult because of the field perturbation caused by the human. This monitor uses the very same mechanism for the perturbation of the field to monitor the level of the illuminating field. The radial field is the major energy component of the electromagnetic field near a radiator. It predominates for approximately 1/6 of a wavelength. At low frequencies and at close distances to the radiating antenna, the radial field from the antenna induces a surface charge on the sensor, which results in a displacement current which is measured and compared to a preset threshold value, above which will trigger the alarm. At farther distances from the radiating antenna, where the radial component is not as prominent, the vertical E field becomes the significant field illuminating the person wearing the monitor. The field will induce a current in the person which, in turn, will create a secondary radial E field close to the surface of that person. The surface area sensor will sense this secondary radial E field and cause the personal monitor to respond appropriately.
Drop the packets (2020)

Understanding end-user video Quality of Experience (QoE) is important for Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Existing work presents mechanisms that use network measurement data to estimate video QoE. Most of these mechanisms assume access to packet-level traces, the most-detailed data available from the network. However, collecting packet-level traces can be challenging at a network-wide scale. Therefore, we ask:"Is it feasible to estimate video QoE with lightweight, readily-available, but coarse-grained network data?" We specifically consider data in the form of Transport Layer Security (TLS) transactions that can be collected using a standard proxy and present a machine learning-based methodology to estimate QoE. Our evaluation with three popular streaming services shows that the estimation accuracy using TLS transactions is high (up to 72%) with up to 85% recall in detecting low QoE (low video quality or high re-buffering) instances. Compared to packet traces, the estimation accuracy (recall) is 7% (9%) lower but has up to 60 times lower computation overhead.
Engineering Perovskite Nanocrystal Surface Termination for Light‐Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 15% (2019)

Abstract Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites are particularly promising for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their attractive optoelectronic properties such as wavelength tunability, narrow emission linewidth, defect tolerance, and high charge carrier mobility. However, the undercoordinated Pb and halide at the perovskite nanocrystal (NC) surface causes traps and nonradiative recombination. In this work, the external quantum efficiency of iodide‐based perovskite LEDs is boosted to greater than 15%, with an emission wavelength at 750 nm, by engineering the perovskite NC surface stoichiometry and chemical structure of bulky organoammonium ligands. To the stoichiometric precursor solution for the 3D bulk perovskite, 20% molar ratio of methylammonium iodide is added in addition to 20% excess bulky organoammonium iodide to ensure that the NC surface is organoammonium terminated as the crystal size is decreased to 5–10 nm. This combination ensures minimal undercoordinated Pb and halide on the surface, avoids 2D phases, and acts to provide nanosized perovskite grains which allow for smooth and pinhole‐free films. As a result of time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) and PL quantum yield measurements, it is possible to demonstrate that this surface modification increases the radiative recombination rate while reducing the nonradiative rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anti‐Herpes‐Virus Activity of Acyclic 2′‐Deoxyguanosine Analogues Related to 9‐((1,3‐Dihydroxy‐2‐propoxy)methyl)guanine. (1987)

Abstract Several acyclic nucleoside analogues were prepared and investigated for their antiviral activities.
One-Step Grafting of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>onto Acid-Made Mesoporous Silica (2005)

We report a one-step convenient chemical coating method of high alumina content onto mesoporous silicas. Aluminia-coated mesoporous silica with high surface area (˜900 m2/g), tuneable pore size (2.0–3.0 nm) and high hydrothermal stability (> 60 h) is obtained. The method may also be generalized for grafting other metal oxides onto mesoporous silica in future work.
Life and Death Decisions: <i>ced-9</i> and Programmed Cell Death in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1995)

In his grand prize-winning essay for the Pharmacia Biotech & Science Prize for Young Scientists, M. Hengartner discusses the phenomenon of programmed cell death and the gene ced-9 from C. elegans , a small nematode in which the pattern of cell death during development is completely known. The ced-9 gene seems to keep the cell death program off in cells that are scheduled to live.