gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Look-ahead SLP: auto-vectorization in the presence of commutative operations (2018)

Auto-vectorizing compilers automatically generate vector (SIMD) instructions out of scalar code. The state-of-the-art algorithm for straight-line code vectorization is Superword-Level Parallelism (SLP). In this work we identify a major limitation at the core of the SLP algorithm, in the performance-critical step of collecting the vectorization candidate instructions that form the SLP-graph data structure. SLP lacks global knowledge when building its vectorization graph, which negatively affects its local decisions when it encounters commutative instructions. We propose LSLP, an improved algorithm that can plug-in to existing SLP implementations, and can effectively vectorize code with arbitrarily long chains of commutative operations. LSLP relies on short-depth look-ahead for better-informed local decisions. Our evaluation on a real machine shows that LSLP can significantly improve the performance of real-world code with little compilation-time overhead.
Design of a log periodic strip grating microstrip antenna (1993)

Abstract The design of a log periodic strip grating antenna is described. The 12‐element antenna is compact and has a measured power bandwidth of 22%. The antenna elements are mounted on the top of the top layer of a two‐layer structure with its feed line located between the two dielectric layers providing electromagnetic coupling. The structure was analyzed using PMESHD, a moment method code for two‐layer passive structures. The analysis and measurements are in good agreement. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Patents for the potential treatment of scleroderma (2007)

Scleroderma is a rare (2 in 10,000 prevalence) autoimmune connective tissue disease that has fibrosis and vasculopathy as its hallmark, and affects women more than men. This article concentrates on the potential treatments for systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and does not discuss non-systemic scleroderma treatment or diagnostic patents. Over the last decade, there have been several trials of treatment in scleroderma. Most investigation has been done for organ-specific complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis. There have also been attempts to modify the natural history of scleroderma by targeting molecules that directly affect the fibrotic or immune pathways. Patents in scleroderma are primarily for novel treatment, but some are for diagnostic tests. This article concentrates on the patents for potential treatment of scleroderma.
Possible errors in measurement of air-gap torque pulsations of induction motors (1992)

Measurements based on the accurately obtained air gap flux data using either the search-coil or the Hall-effect approach are not error proof. This is because even the unbalanced leakage effects can be reduced to a minimal value by measuring the air-gap flux at the tip of the slots. The magnetic paths of different axes may not be balanced at any instant. This generates a computed measured torque value that includes an uncancellable error. Pulsating torque measurements using only the motor terminal data without the requirement of additional search coils or Hall-effect sensors are a convenient approach to obtain the air gap torque value. This method is further studied for the purpose of understanding the source of its possible errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of a Longitudinal School Development Program on Primary Teachers’ Attitudes toward Inquiry Teaching and Their Inquiry Teaching Practices (2020)

Background/Context International education policy documents increasingly promote the implementation of inquiry-based pedagogy in primary education. However, helping whole primary school teams to acquire the competencies that meet these new education standards is complex and requires extensive teacher professionalization programs. Unfortunately, such programs are still relatively scarce. Little is currently known about what it takes to help primary schools integrate inquiry-focused pedagogy into their school curriculum and which teacher and school factors might foster or hinder teachers’ professional development in this regard. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study To help fill this void in the literature, the present article describes the effects of a two-year school improvement program in which the complete school staffs of six Dutch primary schools were trained to integrate inquiry-focused pedagogy into daily school practice. We measured (changes in) teachers’ and school principals’ performance before, immediately after, and one year after the treatment to gain insight into what professionalization features and what school and teacher factors may enhance the sustained implementation of inquiry-focused pedagogy in primary schools. Research Design A delayed treatment pretest-posttest control group design was used to investigate the effects of the program on teachers’ attitudes toward inquiry teaching and their inquiry teaching behavior. In addition, differences in these program effects were explored based on differences in school leadership between the schools. Therefore, program effects were examined at the treatment level and at the individual school level by means of attitude questionnaires and interviews. Conclusions/Recommendations Results indicate that the program significantly improved teachers’ attitudes and inquiry teaching behavior of the first treatment group and that teachers’ improved practices persisted to one year after training. However, school leadership remained largely moderate throughout the program and appeared to explain little variation in teachers’ inquiry teaching development among the participating schools. In addition, results reveal positive but limited effects of the same program on the attitude and behavior development of the delayed treatment group. Findings indicate that a combination of extensive attitude-focused and didactical training provides primary school teams the (minimal) preparatory training to adopt inquiry-based pedagogy. More longitudinal quantitative and qualitative research is needed to evaluate the impact and explore the processes of implementation, while considering the complexity of schools as organizations and refraining from overly prescriptive approaches to encouraging and assessing teachers’ inquiry-pedagogy.
A Highly Active Phosphine–Borane Organocatalyst for the Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methanol Using Hydroboranes (2013)

In this work, we report that organocatalyst 1-Bcat-2-PPh2-C6H4 ((1); cat = catechol) acts as an ambiphilic metal-free system for the reduction of carbon dioxide in presence of hydroboranes (HBR2 = HBcat (catecholborane), HBpin (pinacolborane), 9-BBN (9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane), BH3·SMe2 and BH3·THF) to generate CH3OBR2 or (CH3OBO)3, products that can be readily hydrolyzed to methanol. The yields can be as high as 99% with exclusive formation of CH3OBR2 or (CH3OBO)3 with TON (turnover numbers) and TOF (turnover frequencies) reaching >2950 and 853 h(-1), respectively. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits "living" behavior: once the first loading is consumed, it resumes its activity on adding another loading of reagents.
Lipid droplets fuel SARS-CoV-2 replication and production of inflammatory mediators (2020)

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that make use of the host metabolic machineries to meet their biosynthetic needs. Thus, identifying the host pathways essential for the virus replication may lead to potential targets for therapeutic intervention. The mechanisms and pathways explored by SARS-CoV-2 to support its replication within host cells are not fully known. Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles with major functions in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis and intracellular transport, and have multiple roles in infections and inflammation. Here we described that monocytes from COVID-19 patients have an increased LD accumulation compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative donors. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection were seen to modulate pathways of lipid synthesis and uptake as monitored by testing for CD36, SREBP-1, PPARγ, and DGAT-1 expression in monocytes and triggered LD formation in different human cell lines. LDs were found in close apposition with SARS-CoV-2 proteins and double-stranded (ds)-RNA in infected Vero cells. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells show viral particles colocalizing with LDs, suggestive that LDs might serve as an assembly platform. Pharmacological modulation of LD formation by inhibition of DGAT-1 with A922500 significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication as well as reduced production of mediators pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, we demonstrate the essential role of lipid metabolic reprograming and LD formation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis, opening new opportunities for therapeutic strategies to COVID-19.
Which QT Correction Formulae to Use for QT Monitoring? (2016)

Fridericia and Framingham correction formulae showed the best rate correction and significantly improved prediction of 30-day and 1-year mortality. With current clinical standards, Bazett overestimated the number of patients with potential dangerous QTc prolongation, which could lead to unnecessary safety measurements as withholding the patient of first-choice medication.
Petrify: a tool for manipulating concurrent specifications and synthesis of asynchronous controllers (1996)

Petrify is a tool for (1) manipulating concurrent specifications and (2) synthesis and optimization of asynchronous control circuits. Given a Petri Net (PN), a Signal Transition Graph (STG), or a Transition System (TS) it (1) generates another PN or STG which is simpler than the original description and (2) produces an optimized net-list of an asynchronous controller in the target gate library while preserving the specified input-output behavior. An ability of back-annotating to the specification level helps the designer to control the design process. For transforming a specification petrify performs a token flow analysis of the initial PN and produces a transition system (TS). In the initial TS, all transitions with the same label are considered as one event. The TS is then transformed and transitions relabeled to fulfill the conditions required to obtain a safe irredundant PN. For synthesis of an asynchronous circuit petrify performs state assignment by solving the Complete State Coding problem. State assignment is coupled with logic minimization and speed-independent technology mapping to a target library. The final net-list is guaranteed to be speed-independent, i.e., hazard-free under any distribution of gate delays and multiple input changes satisfying the initial specification. The tool has been used for synthesis of PNs and PNs composition, synthesis and re-synthesis of asynchronous controllers and can be also applied in areas related with the analysis of concurrent programs. This paper provides an overview of petrify and the theory behind its main functions.
Interplay of structure and disorder in cochaperonin mobile loops. (1996)

Protein-protein interactions typically are characterized by highly specific interfaces that mediate binding with precisely tuned affinities. Binding of the Escherichia coli cochaperonin GroES to chaperonin GroEL is mediated, at least in part, by a mobile polypeptide loop in GroES that becomes immobilized in the GroEL/GroES/nucleotide complex. The bacteriophage T4 cochaperonin Gp31 possesses a similar highly flexible polypeptide loop in a region of the protein that shows low, but significant, amino acid similarity with GroES and other cochaperonins. When bound to GroEL, a synthetic peptide representing the mobile loop of either GroES or Gp31 adopts a characteristic bulged hairpin conformation as determined by transferred nuclear Overhauser effects in NMR spectra. Thermodynamic considerations suggest that flexible disorder in the cochaperonin mobile loops moderates their affinity for GroEL to facilitate cycles of chaperonin-mediated protein folding.
It Takes a Village: Integrating an Adaptive Chatbot into an Online Gaming Community (2020)

While the majority of research in chatbot design has focused on creating chatbots that engage with users one-on-one, less work has focused on the design of conversational agents for online communities. In this paper we present results from a three week test of a social chatbot in an established online community. During this study, the chatbot "grew up" from "birth" through its teenage years, engaging with community members and "learning" vocabulary from their conversations. We discuss the design of this chatbot, how users' interactions with it evolved over the course of the study, and how it impacted the community as a whole. We discuss how we addressed challenges in developing a chatbot whose vocabulary could be shaped by users, and conclude with implications for the role of machine learning in social interactions in online communities and potential future directions for design of community-based chatbots.
Adaptive prediction of respiratory motion for motion compensation radiotherapy (2007)

One potential application of image-guided radiotherapy is to track the target motion in real time, then deliver adaptive treatment to a dynamic target by dMLC tracking or respiratory gating. However, the existence of a finite time delay (or a system latency) between the image acquisition and the response of the treatment system to a change in tumour position implies that some kind of predictive ability should be included in the real-time dynamic target treatment. If diagnostic x-ray imaging is used for the tracking, the dose given over a whole image-guided radiotherapy course can be significant. Therefore, the x-ray beam used for motion tracking should be triggered at a relatively slow pulse frequency, and an interpolation between predictions can be used to provide a fast tracking rate. This study evaluates the performance of an autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) model based prediction algorithm for reducing tumour localization error due to system latency and slow imaging rate. For this study, we use 3D motion data from ten lung tumour cases where the peak-to-peak motion is greater than 8 mm. Some strongly irregular traces with variation in amplitude and phase were included. To evaluate the prediction accuracy, the standard deviations between predicted and actual motion position are computed for three system latencies (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 s) at several imaging rates (1.25-10 Hz), and compared against the situation of no prediction. The simulation results indicate that the implementation of the prediction algorithm in real-time target tracking can improve the localization precision for all latencies and imaging rates evaluated. From a common initial setting of model parameters, the predictor can quickly provide an accurate prediction of the position after collecting 20 initial data points. In this retrospective analysis, we calculate the standard deviation of the predicted position from the twentieth position data to the end of the session at 0.1 s interval. For both regular and irregular lung tumour motions, with prediction the range of average errors is 0.4-2.5 mm in the SI direction from shorter to longer latency, corresponding to a range of 0.8-4.3 mm without prediction; for the AP direction a range of 0.3-1.6 mm is obtained with prediction, corresponding to a range of 0.6-3.0 mm without prediction. For 0.2 s and 0.4 s system latency, with prediction the localization based on a relatively slow imaging rate (2.5 Hz) can achieve a better or similar precision compared with no prediction but on a fast imaging rate (10 Hz). This means that precise localization can be realized at a slow imaging rate. This is important for the application of kV x-ray imaging systems and EPID-based systems in image-guided radiotherapy. In conclusion, the adaptive predictor can successfully predict irregular respiratory motion, and the adaptive prediction of respiration motion can effectively improve the delivery precision of real-time motion compensation radiotherapy.
Ar ion beam and CCl4 reactive ion etching: A comparison of etching damage and of damage passivation by hydrogen (1985)

Damage produced in single-crystal silicon by two distinctly different dry etching techniques, Ar ion beam etching and CCl4 reactive ion etching is characterized and compared using spectroscopic ellipsometry, reflected high- energy electron diffraction, and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Au contacts to the etched Si. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy is also used to further characterize the CCl4 exposed samples. The effectiveness of low-energy hydrogen ion implants in passivating this dry etching induced damage is explored. The restoration of I-V characteristics caused by H+ implants is correlated with the evolution of the spectroscopic ellipsometry, reflected high- energy electron diffraction, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy data.
Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Contribute to Chondrogenesis in Coculture with Human Articular Chondrocytes (2009)

Adipose tissue is easily available and contains high numbers of stem cells that are capable for chondrogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that a partial substitution of chondrocytes with autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) might be a possible strategy to reduce the number of chondrocytes needed in matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. To lay the ground, in vitro coculture experiments were performed using human chondrocytes and human ASC. Chondrocytes were obtained from donors undergoing matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. ASC were isolated from liposuction material. Chondrocytes and ASC were seeded either in fibrin (Tisseel; Baxter, Vienna, Austria) or collagen matrix (Tissue Fleece; Baxter, Unterschleissheim, Germany). RNA for quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction was isolated after 2 weeks of culture in chondrogenic medium, and after 4 weeks samples were processed for histology. Related to the number of chondrocytes used, coculture with ASC led to strong increase in collagen type IX mRNA expression, which is an indicator for long-term stability of cartilage. Moderate upregulation was shown for SOX9, aggrecan, melanoma inhibitory activity, cartilage link protein 1, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein mRNA. However, expression of collagen I and collagen II indicates the synthesis of fibrous tissue, which might be due to the use of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Tisseel provided slightly better chondrogenic conditions than Tissue Fleece. These data support the possibility to take advantage of ASC in cartilage regeneration in conjunction with autologous chondrocytes.
CATCH: Comparison and analysis of tools covering honeypots (2015)

Honeypots act as security resources that are used to catch malign activities, so they may be anatomized and watched. During the past few years, they are called as a safeguard of assets of an organization. They are used to acquire information on interrupters in a network. This paper gives an introduction to the honeypots, their classification, detailed study of commercial as well as open source honeypots tools and comparison between them. This paper may be helpful for readers to secure their resources from intruders by using the freely available honeypots tools.
High-speed zero-bias waveguide photodetectors (1986)

We describe an InGaAsP waveguide PIN photodetector that (unlike conventional PINs) provides for light absorption perpendicular to current collection, a feature that results in high-speed, high-efficiency and relatively bias-insensitive operation. Our uncoated, packaged device has displayed impulse response of 40 ps (Tektronix S-4 sampling head) and efficiency of 25% at zero bias.
Research on Medical Service System Based on Big Data Technology (2019)

The purpose of the medical information sharing system based on big data in this paper is promoting the development of medical informatization, providing technical solutions and supporting conditions for the construction of regional medical informatization in China. The system is bound to promote the quality of medical information service by the application of big data and cloud computing and solve the "high cost but low efficiency" problem. This paper designs a service pattern that takes the patients as the center and realizes the reasonable distribution and sharing of medical resources. The system also provides experience and references for the medical service innovation in China. In this paper, a medical service system BDMSP which based on big data technology, is introduced. It describes the design of BDMSP from system architecture, key technologies, its application and etc. It may be a helpful research for application of big data technology.
Characterization of the Complexity of Small-Molecule Libraries by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1995)

The growing interest in combinatorial chemistry has led us to explore new analytical methods for the analysis of complex molecular libraries. Because an investigation of large mixtures with 10(4)-10(5) different chemical entities was not realistic, an alternative approach was pursued that included the analysis of small representative sublibraries using positive and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry. The detailed analysis of these model mixtures, containing up to 55 components, allowed us to obtain important information about the composition of a library with considerable complexity. The results were used to improve the synthetic procedure in order to provide the maximum yield of expected library components. The applicability of mass spectrometry to the analysis of complex matrices and the usefulness of the technique for screening synthesized combinatorial libraries to probe their expected diversity and complexity have been demonstrated.
Student Behavior Recognition From Heterogeneous View Perception in Class Based on 3-D Multiscale Residual Dense Network for the Analysis of Case Teaching (2021)

The study of student behavior analysis in class plays a key role in teaching and educational reforms that can help the university to find an effective way to improve students' learning efficiency and innovation ability. It is also one of the effective ways to cultivate innovative talents. The traditional behavior recognition methods have many disadvantages, such as poor robustness and low efficiency. From a heterogeneous view perception point of view, it introduces the students' behavior recognition. Therefore, we propose a 3-D multiscale residual dense network from heterogeneous view perception for analysis of student behavior recognition in class. First, the proposed method adopts 3-D multiscale residual dense blocks as the basic module of the network, and the module extracts the hierarchical features of students' behavior through the densely connected convolutional layer. Second, the local dense feature of student behavior is to learn adaptively. Third, the residual connection module is used to improve the training efficiency. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good robustness and transfer learning ability compared with the state-of-the-art behavior recognition algorithms, and it can effectively handle multiple video behavior recognition tasks. The design of an intelligent human behavior recognition algorithm has great practical significance to analyze the learning and teaching of students in the class.