gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutronic design of a PWR fuel assembly with accident tolerant-composite for the long-life core (2022)

For the future of nuclear power, the design and development of an economical, accident tolerant fuel (ATF) for use in the current pressurized water reactors (PWRs) are highly desirable and essential. It is reported that the composite fuels are advantageous over the conventional UO2 fuel due to their higher thermal conductivities and higher uranium densities. Due to higher uranium densities of the composite fuels, the use of composite fuels would lead to the significant increase of discharged burnup, thereby enhancing fuel cycle economy compared to that of the UO2 fuel. The higher thermal conductivities of composite fuels will increase the fuel safety margins. For implementation of the accident tolerant fuel concept, this study also investigates on the replacement of the conventional Zircaloy-4 cladding with SiC to minimize the hydrogen production due to interaction of water with cladding at high temperatures. In the present work, neutronic investigation of the composite fuels for a PWR has been conducted in comparison with that of the conventional UO2 fuel. Numerical calculations have been performed based on a lattice model using the SRAC2006 system code and JENDL-4.0 data library. Various parameters have been surveyed for designing a fuel with the UO2 and composite fuels such as U-235 enrichment, fuel pin pitch. In order to reduce the excess reactivity, Erbium was selected as a burnable poison due to its good depletion performance. The temperature coefficients including fuel, coolant temperature reactivity coefficients, and both the small and large void reactivity coefficients are also investigated. It was found that it is possible to achieve sufficient criticality up to 100 GWd/t burnups without compromising the safety parameters including that four reactivity coefficients are considered those associated with the fuel temperature, coolant temperature, small (5%) void and large (90%) void. Further analysis of the performance of the UO2 and composite fuels in a full core model of a PWR is being conducted.
Inhibition of Macromolecular Binding of Benzo[a]pyrene and Inhibition of Neoplasia by Disulfiram in the Mouse Forestomach2 (1976)

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) administered to female outbred ICR/Ha mice by oral intubation induced neoplasia in the forestomach after 30 weeks in more than 90% of treated animals. However, no tumors occurred at that site if 1% disulfiram was added to the experimental diet. This inhibition of tumor formation was paralleled by a large inhibition of macromolecular binding of [3H]BP and [14C]BP to RNA and protein in the forestomach. The inhibitory effect of specific binding was strongest in the RNA fraction isolated at 8,000 X g for 20 minutes (6 times that of the control) and weakest in the DNA fraction (no significant difference). The highest specific binding was measured in the RNA fraction isolated at 32,000 X g for 120 minutes and the lowest binding in the DNA fraction. The relative distribution of the BP binding was such that greater than 90% of the BP was bound to protein and less than 1% was bound to DNA. Of the total inhibition of BP binding to all the macromolecular species studied, that to protein constituted the largest component (95%). In contrast to the forestomach, no inhibitory effect of BP binding to DNA, RNA, or protein by disulfiram was found in the liver, which remained free of cancer under the experimental conditions employed.
Less strained and more efficient GaN light-emitting diodes with embedded silica hollow nanospheres (2013)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) become an attractive alternative to conventional light sources due to high efficiency and long lifetime. However, different material properties between GaN and sapphire cause several problems such as high defect density in GaN, serious wafer bowing, particularly in large-area wafers, and poor light extraction of GaN-based LEDs. Here, we suggest a new growth strategy for high efficiency LEDs by incorporating silica hollow nanospheres (S-HNS). In this strategy, S-HNSs were introduced as a monolayer on a sapphire substrate and the subsequent growth of GaN by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition results in improved crystal quality due to nano-scale lateral epitaxial overgrowth. Moreover, well-defined voids embedded at the GaN/sapphire interface help scatter lights effectively for improved light extraction, and reduce wafer bowing due to partial alleviation of compressive stress in GaN. The incorporation of S-HNS into LEDs is thus quite advantageous in achieving high efficiency LEDs for solid-state lighting.
Image alignment for multiple camera high dynamic range microscopy (2012)

This paper investigates the problem of image alignment for multiple camera high dynamic range (HDR) imaging. HDR imaging combines information from images taken with different exposure settings. Combining information from multiple cameras requires an alignment process that is robust to the intensity differences in the images. HDR applications that use a limited number of component images require an alignment technique that is robust to large exposure differences. We evaluate the suitability for HDR alignment of three exposure-robust techniques. We conclude that image alignment based on matching feature descriptors extracted from radiant power images from calibrated cameras yields the most accurate and robust solution. We demonstrate the use of this alignment technique in a high dynamic range video microscope that enables live specimen imaging with a greater level of detail than can be captured with a single camera.
Expression of Vimentin in Gastric Cancer: A Possible Indicator for Prognosis (1994)

Expression of vimentin in gastric cancer was immunohistologically examined in 85 surgically resected specimens and evaluated in terms of various clinicopathological features. Vimentin expression was more pronounced in gastric cancers of more advanced type and in those exhibiting a higher degree of infiltrative growth, lymph node involvement and vascular invasion. These results indicate that vimentin expression by gastric cancer might be related to the invasion and metastatic process of cancer cells and could be useful as a prognostic indicator for patients with gastric cancer.
Assessment of disease severity and outcome in patients with systemic light-chain amyloidosis by the high-sensitivity troponin T assay (2010)

Cardiac biomarkers provide prognostic information in light-chain amyloidosis (AL). Thus, a novel high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT) assay may improve risk stratification. hs-TnT was assessed in 163 patients. Blood levels were higher with cardiac than renal or other organ involvement and were related to the severity of cardiac involvement. Increased sensitivity was not associated with survival benefit. Forty-seven patients died during follow-up (22.3 ± 1.0 months). Nonsurvivors had higher hs-TnT than survivors. Outcome was worse if hs-TnT more than or equal to 50 ng/L and best less than 3 ng/L. Survival of patients with hs-TnT 3 to 14 ng/L did not differ from patients with moderately increased hs-TnT (14-50 ng/L), but was worse if interventricular septum was more than or equal to 15 mm. Discrimination according to the Mayo staging system was only achieved by the use of the hs-TnT assay, but not by the fourth-generation troponin T assay. Multivariate analysis revealed hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, and left ventricular impairment as independent risk factors for survival. hs-TnT and NT-proBNP predicted survival, even after exclusion of patients with impaired renal function. Plasma levels of the hs-TnT assay are associated with the clinical, morphologic, and functional severity of cardiac AL amyloidosis and could provide useful information for clinicians on cardiac involvement and outcome.
Private spatial data aggregation in the local setting (2016)

With the deep penetration of the Internet and mobile devices, privacy preservation in the local setting has become increasingly relevant. The local setting refers to the scenario where a user is willing to share his/her information only if it has been properly sanitized before leaving his/her own device. Moreover, a user may hold only a single data element to share, instead of a database. Despite its ubiquitousness, the above constraints make the local setting substantially more challenging than the traditional centralized or distributed settings. In this paper, we initiate the study of private spatial data aggregation in the local setting, which finds its way in many real-world applications, such as Waze and Google Maps. In response to users' varied privacy requirements that are natural in the local setting, we propose a new privacy model called personalized local differential privacy (PLDP) that allows to achieve desirable utility while still providing rigorous privacy guarantees. We design an efficient personalized count estimation protocol as a building block for achieving PLDP and give theoretical analysis of its utility, privacy and complexity. We then present a novel framework that allows an untrusted server to accurately learn the user distribution over a spatial domain while satisfying PLDP for each user. This is mainly achieved by designing a novel user group clustering algorithm tailored to our problem. We confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our framework through extensive experiments on multiple real benchmark datasets.
Analysis of UGP to achieve compatibility with Cooperative ITS station (2015)

In this paper, we analyze and propose modifications of UGP (Unified Gateway Protocol) to achieve compatibility with Cooperative ITS station architecture (ISO 21217). The UGP and vehicle station gateway (VSG) standard is for accessing vehicle bus data from smart car and cooperative ITS applications. They have been proposed and discussed as part of the ISO Standard Projects in ISO TC204 & TC22. We analyze the UGP and the Facilities in cooperative ITS station and propose modifications of additional procedures for ITS-S profile selection and SAPs (Service Access Points).
Ion Exchange Resins for Ultra Pure Water Production (1991)

The requirements for the quality of ultra pure water (UPW) used in the semiconductor industry and the grounds for criteria for respective quality parameters are summarized. Examples of the UPW systems are shown, and how the ion exchange resins (IER) are used in such systems is described with relation to particles, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), resistivity, and dissolved oxygen of the UPW.It is possible to reduce the particle throw from IER by proper pre-conditioning. Reducing TOC in UPW calls for minimining organic leachables from IER. In the way of maintaining a high resistivity of UPW, the optimum pretreatment (coagulaion) and employing reverse osmosois membrane are effective. When the catalytic resins are used to reduce dissolved oxygen, it is necessary to collect more data on the trace metal leachable from the catalytic resins.In the future UPW production systems, IER must be “ultra”-cleaned, especially with regard to TOC.
<i>In Vivo</i> Bone Formation Following Transplantation of Human Adipose–Derived Stromal Cells That Are Not Differentiated Osteogenically (2008)

A number of studies have shown in vivo bone regeneration by transplantation of osteogenic cells differentiated in vitro from adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). However, the in vitro osteogenic differentiation process requires an additional culture period, and the dexamethasone that is generally used in the process may be cytotoxic. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ADSCs that are not differentiated osteogenically in vitro prior to transplantation would extensively regenerate bone in vivo when exogenous bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is delivered to the transplantation site. We fabricated a poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) composite scaffold with osteoactive HA that is highly exposed on the scaffold surface. This scaffold was able to release BMP-2 over a 4-week period in vitro. Human ADSCs cultured on BMP-2–loaded PLGA/HA scaffolds for 2 weeks differentiated toward osteogenic cells expressing alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA, while cells on PLGA/HA scaffolds without BMP-2 expressed only ALP. To study in vivo bone formation, PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 1), BMP-2–loaded PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 2), undifferentiated ADSCs seeded on PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 3), and undifferentiated ADSCs seeded on BMP-2–loaded PLGA/HA scaffolds (group 4) were implanted into dorsal, subcutaneous spaces of athymic mice. Eight weeks after implantation, group 4 exhibited a 25-fold greater bone formation area and 5-fold higher calcium deposition than group 3. Bone regeneration by transplanted human ADSCs in group 4 was confirmed by expression of human-specific osteoblastic genes, ALP, collagen type I, OPN, OCN, and bone sialoprotein, while group 3 expressed much lower levels of collagen type I and OPN mRNA only. This study demonstrates the feasibility of extensive in vivo bone regeneration by transplantation of ADSCs without prior in vitro osteogenic differentiation, and that a PLGA/HA composite BMP-2 delivery system stimulates bone regeneration following transplantation of undifferentiated human ADSCs.
An end-to-end fully-convolutional neural network for division of focal plane sensors to reconstruct S<sub>0</sub>, DoLP, and AoP (2019)

Division of focal plane (DoFP) polarimeter is widely used in polarization imaging sensors. The periodically arranged micro-polarizers integrated on the focal plane ensure its outstanding real-time performance, but reduce the spatial resolution of output images and further affect the calculation of polarization parameters. In this paper, a four-layer, end-to-end fully convolutional neural network called Fork-Net is proposed, which aims to directly improve the imaging quality of three polarization properties: intensity (i.e., S<sub>0</sub>), degree of linear polarization (DoLP), and angle of polarization (AoP), rather than focusing on reducing the interpolation error of intensity images of different polarization orientations. The Fork-Net accepts raw mosaic images as input and directly outputs S<sub>0</sub>, DoLP, and AoP. It is also trained with a customized loss function. The experimental results show that compared with existing methods, the proposed one achieves the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and prominent visual quality on output images.
Scalable Attack Representation Model Using Logic Reduction Techniques (2013)

Automated construction methods of attack graphs (AGs) and their improved attack representation models (ARMs) have been proposed, but the AG has a state space explosion when analysing the security of very large sized networked systems. Instead, attack trees (ATs) and their improved ARMs can be used (e.g., Defense Trees, Protection Trees, Attack Response Trees, and Attack Countermeasure Trees), because they are a non-state-space model. However, there are no known methods to construct ATs in a scalable manner automatically while maintaining all possible attack scenarios. We can use an AG generation tools, and transform the AG into the AT using min-cuts. However, this method requires a transformation (i.e., an overhead), and computing min-cuts is a NP-hard problem. Another way is to construct ATs directly with given network information. A naive approach is to compute all possible attack paths and populate the AT branches using logic gates (e.g., AND and OR gates), but this method generates an exponential number of nodes, causing a scalability problem. We propose two logic reduction techniques to automate the ATs construction and to reduce the size of the AT. The computational complexity is calculated. The simulation result shows the construction time for the naive method and two logic reduction techniques. The trade-off between the construction time and the memory usage of simplified ATs are also shown.
MORPHOSYS: Efficient Colocation of QoS-Constrained Workloads in the Cloud (2019)

In hosting environments such as IaaS clouds, desirable application performance is usually guaranteed through the use of Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which specify minimal fractions of resource capacities that must be allocated for use for proper operation. Arbitrary colocation of applications with different SLAs on a single host may result in inefficient utilization of the host's resources. In this paper, we propose that periodic resource allocation and consumption models be used for a more granular expression of SLAs. Our proposed SLA model has the salient feature that it exposes flexibilities that enable the IaaS provider to safelya transform SLAs from one form to another for the purpose of achieving more efficient colocation. Towards that goal, we present MorphoSys: a framework for a service that allows the manipulation of SLAs to enable efficient colocation of workloads. We present results from extensive trace-driven simulations of colocated Video-on-Demand servers in a cloud setting. The results show that potentially-significant reduction in wasted resources (by as much as 60%) are possible using MorphoSys.
Redundancy in network traffic (2009)

A large amount of popular content is transferred repeatedly across network links in the Internet. In recent years, protocol-independent redundancy elimination, which can remove duplicate strings from within arbitrary network flows, has emerged as a powerful technique to improve the efficiency of network links in the face of repeated data. Many vendors offer such redundancy elimination middleboxes to improve the effective bandwidth of enterprise, data center and ISP links alike.
Effect of Ring Size on the Tautomerization and Ionization Reaction of Cyclic 2-Nitroalkanones: An Experimental and Theoretical Study (2011)

The keto-enol tautomerism of some cyclic 2-nitroalkanones was studied in cyclohexane. Keto-enol equilibrium constants, K(T), at 25 °C were obtained from (1)H NMR spectra. The relative enol content for the investigated ketones as a function of ring size decreases in the order 6 > 7 > 11 > 12 > 15. This trend apparently is different from that observed in water. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to rationalize the effects of ring size and of the solvent on tautomerism. The acidity constants, K(a)(KH), for the different keto tautomers were measured spectrophotometrically at 25 °C in buffered aqueous solutions. No simple correlations between K(a)(KH) and ring size was observed, and this is in agreement with a DFT analysis performed on the same compounds.
A Promising Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease (1995)

A critical component of the development of drugs targeted at treating complex disorders is a reliable animal model that can predict efficacy in clinical trials. Until now, attempts to devise treatments for Alzheimer's disease have been hindered by the lack of such a model. A team of scientists has recently described a transgenic mouse1 that may remedy this problem. The Athena mouse strain, termed PDAPP (platelet-derived growth factor promoter expressing amyloid precursor protein), has neuropathologic features characteristic of those observed in Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, these include amyloid plaques, dystrophic neurites, activated glia, and loss of synapses in the hippocampus and . . .
A herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant containing a nontransinducing Vmw65 protein establishes latent infection in vivo in the absence of viral replication and reactivates efficiently from explanted trigeminal ganglia (1990)

Vmw65, a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) tegument protein, in association with cellular proteins, transactivates viral immediate early genes. In order to examine the role of Vmw65 during acute and latent infection in vivo, a mutant virus (in1814), containing a 12-base-pair insertion in the Vmw65 gene, which lacks the transactivating function of Vmw65 (C. I. Ace, T. A. McKee, J. M. Ryan, J. M. Cameron, and C. M. Preston, J. Virol. 63:2260-2269, 1989) was examined in mice. Following corneal inoculation, the parental virus (17+) and the revertant (1814R) replicated effectively in eyes and trigeminal ganglia with 30 to 60% mortality. At either equal PFU or equal particle numbers, in1814 did not replicate in trigeminal ganglia and none of the infected mice died. Although in1814 did not replicate following corneal inoculation, it established latent infection in trigeminal ganglia. HSV-1 in1814 reactivated at explant as efficiently and rapidly as did 17+ and 1814R. Even low amounts of inoculated in1814 (10(2) PFU) were sufficient to establish latent infection in some animals. Since infectious in1814 was not detected at any time in mouse trigeminal ganglia, in1814 provided a unique opportunity to determine how soon after primary infection latency begins. Latent in1814 infection was detected shortly after virus reached the sensory ganglia, between 24 to 48 h postinfection. Thus, though Vmw65 may be required for lytic infection in vivo, it is dispensable for the establishment of and reactivation from latent infection. These data support the hypotheses that the latent and lytic pathways of HSV-1 are distinct and that latency is established soon after infection without a requirement for viral replication. However, the levels of Vmw65 reaching neuronal nuclei may be a critical determinant of whether HSV-1 forms a lytic or latent infection.
Dynamics of causal beam refraction in negative refractive index materials (2003)

A finite difference simulation of a causally excited electromagnetic Gaussian beam incident on an interface between free space and a physically realizable negative refractive index material shows that negative refraction of finite beams does occur. A discontinuity in the phase normal direction is established very quickly when the beam front reaches the interface of positive and negative index materials. Once the beam enters the negative index material, the causal wave-front propates with the group velocity consistent with theory. During the transient portion of the beam development, the beam undergoes small direction changes, which can be explained as a consequence of higher frequencies present during the beam turn-on. After this transient, the theoretically predicted sinusoidal steady state is reached.
Non iterative techniques for low peak-to average power ratio OFDM signals (2009)

Conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) signals, formed as a weighted sum of complex sinusoids, exhibit an undesirably high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). A number of iterative techniques that modify the OFDM spectral symbol mapping process or selectively modify the localized time domain envelope have been developed to reduce this PAPR. This paper examines and compares two non-iterative techniques that directly form OFDM signals with inherently low, in fact impressively low, PAPR.
After asthma: redefining airways diseases (2017)

momentum to the recent encouraging progress in new drug discovery and, as did the first asthma guidelines published 27 years ago, 14-17 lead to a decade or more of improved outcomes. We conclude the Commission with seven key recom mendations and summarise our views on how these could be developed to benefit patients with asthma (panel 1).