gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iron oxides as efficient sorbents for CO2 capture (2019)

Carbon dioxide capture/release reactions using magnetite, Fe3O4, and hematite, Fe2O3, as sorbents were studied. Kinetics of mechanically activated chemical reactions between iron oxides and CO2 was investigated as a function of CO2 pressure and planetary ball mill process parameters. It was found that complete carbonation of iron oxides can be accomplished at room temperature and elevated CO2 pressure (10–30 bar). Siderite calcination was studied in vacuum and argon atmospheres. FeCO3 can be decomposed at 367 °C yielding magnetite, carbon and/or iron. This mixture can reversibly re-absorb carbon dioxide in multiple carbonation–calcination cycles. These results suggest that siderite or iron oxides are prospective and efficient reversible sorbents for CO2 capture.
Monte Carlo Tree Search for 3D/2D Registration of Vessel Graphs (2019)

3D/2D registration techniques can compensate for the deficiencies of X-ray angiography-based navigation in vascular interventional surgery, such as the lack of depth information and excessive use of contrast agents. In this study, we propose a novel Monte Carlo tree search-based 3D/2D vessel graph registration method. The registration problem is transferred to a tree search problem according to the topology of vessel centerlines. Then, the Monte Carlo tree search method is applied to find the optimal vessel matching associated with highest registration score. Experiments on uninitialized vessel data demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve the highest accuracy among four state-of-the-art methods. An average accuracy of 1.91 mm on clinical coronary artery data is obtained. For the independence of initial pose and robustness to noise, the proposed method can align 3D and 2D vessels without prior initialization in vascular interventional surgery.
An Intelligent Thermal Sensing System for Automatic, Quantitative Assessment of Motion Training in Lower-Limb Rehabilitation (2016)

This paper aims to develop a home-oriented cyber-physical system to help patients improve their motion coordination capability via physical training. The measures evaluated by the system include the motion style of the legs, the periodicity of the foot trajectory, and the foot balance level, which are recommended by physical therapists. The motions of the legs and feet are recorded by thermal camera, and the plantar pressure is measured by the insole pressure sensors. We have developed innovative algorithms to extract the leg skeletons from the thermal images, and to implement motion signal auto-segmentation, recognition, and analysis for the above-mentioned measures. The experimental results have verified that the proposed system could efficiently acquire and analyze the lower-limb motion information.
Toll-free IP (TIP): architecture and implementation (2005)

The paper describes the architecture of toll-free IP (TIP) and the use of the diameter base protocol defined by IETF to implement the key protocol interfaces in the architecture. TIP is a new approach to providing no-charge-to-user ("toll-free") access over IP-based access networks (e.g., IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 wireless local area networks). Usage of IP access networks to communicate with a toll-free IP destination (identified by, for example, a toll-free IP address, Internet Domain Name, or Universal Resource Locator) is paid by the toll-free destination's owner. TIP allows one to use an IP access network without a service subscription, and without the need to authenticate with the access network or service provider (hence, no need for terminal software or hardware for authentication with access networks). It allows one to provide services over IP-based access networks without any business arrangement with the network operators or aggregators. TIP can be easily incorporated into, and hence coexist with, existing network access control frameworks.
ET-38 * BRAIN PENETRATING NON-VIRAL GENE VECTORS FOR EFFICIENT GENE TRANSFER TO BRAIN TUMORS (2014)

Gene therapy constitutes an attractive approach for curing a variety of CNS diseases, including glioblastoma. Multiple studies have been carried out focusing on improving the total level and distribution of gene expression throughout the brain tissue. Viral gene delivery, though relatively efficient, has been limited by immunogenicity, low packaging capacity and difficulties in scale-up. Non-viral gene vectors offer an alternative strategy but are limited in their ability to generate high-level, widespread therapeutic effect. The nanoporous and electrostatically charged extracellular space found between healthy or tumor cells constitutes a steric and adhesive barrier, which hampers widespread distribution of gene vectors in the brain, regardless of administration method, thereby limiting gene transfer to target cells [1]. Indeed, following convention enhanced delivery (CED) conventional gene vectors are confined to the point of administration, limiting the clinical success of gene therapy for glioblastoma [2]. We developed a strategy to formulate small, stable and densely coated cationic polymer-based gene vectors that have the physicochemical characteristics required to overcome this ‘brain tissue barrier’. Using high resolution multiple particle tracking, we assessed the diffusion rates of gene vectors in freshly extracted ex vivo healthy and tumor rodent brain tissues. We thoroughly characterized their toxicity, cell uptake and transfection efficacy in vitro. Finally, we analyzed the ability of these vectors to rapidly penetrate and distribute throughout the brain tissue in vivo, thus reaching and transfecting cells over a large volume following CED. 1.Nance, E.A., et al., Sci Transl Med, 2012. 2.Voges, J., et al., Ann Neurol, 2003.
On-chip decoupling capacitance and P/G wire co-optimization for dynamic noise (2007)

Decap allocation are the primary methods for addressing the dynamic voltage noise problem of on-chip power networks. When space in the immediate proximity of a hot spot is constrained, simply adding decoupling capacitance without improving the local wiring is ineffective. Based on this key observation we proposed an effecient co-optimization of decap allocation and local wiring enhancement. The method solves a linear program (LP) iteratively and is based on the decap budgeting algorithm [10]. Experimental results on two actual chip designs demonstrate the area and run-time efficiency of the co-optimization algorithm. Moreover, it provides excellent solutions even in cases where decap allocation alone fails to provide a feasible solution.
Directly actuated piezo injector for advanced injection strategies towards cleaner diesel engines (2009)

Low fuel consumption is one of the greatest merits of the Diesel engine, emission of nitrous oxides, NOx, and particulate matter, PM, are its most prominent disadvantages. For modern passenger car diesel engines, to achieve low fuel consumption targets, i.e. CO2 emissions, and to simultaneously fulfil the ambitious EU6 emissions legislation, a combination of intelligent injection strategies and high EGR rates with appropriate boost pressures is required. Generally, NOx emissions can efficiently be decreased via exhaust gas recirculation, EGR. An unwanted consequence of this is an increase in smoke, HC and CO emissions. This can be alleviated by a suitable application of injection strategies. Injections strategies are also employed to curb excessive emissions of unburnt hydro-carbons, HC, and carbon monoxide, CO, particularly in conditions of cold start. These strategies may also be used to facilitate fast light-off of the oxidation catalyst. In the current work the novel directly actuated piezo injector of Continental Automotive GmbH was used to evaluate the emissions potential not only of multiple injection patterns, but also of advanced rate shaping strategies. The application of this wealth of technology puts further cost onto the already expensive Diesel engine. Nevertheless, there is a need to explore the benefits and the limits of such technology, since the fuel consumption and CO2 emission target of 120g/km across the European passenger car fleet can only be achieved with a sufficiently high share of Diesel vehicles, also in the most dominant market segment of small and medium sized cars. Cost in this respect needs to be considered from an overall engine system point of view. Higher cost for measures to reduce engine out emissions may be well invested if exhaust gas aftertreatment can be avoided or at least be minimised.
[Vaccines against infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus/mucosal disease (BVDV/MD): a short overview]. (2003)

Various vaccine preparations against an infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) have been used since more than 30 years. To prevent reproduction failure and the generation of persistently infected animals, protection of heifers and cows against transplacental infection is the most important aim of BVDV vaccination. In principal, BVD vaccines with replication competent, attenuated BVDV (modified live vaccines) and vaccines with inactivated BVDV preparations (killed vaccines) are used. In Germany, modified live vaccines as well as killed vaccines are registered, however, only BVDV type I strains are included in both types of vaccines. This paper presents an short overview about the different BVD vaccines and their efficacy and safety. In addition, new vaccine types are mentioned and final conclusions are drawn.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lysobacter capsici AZ78, a Bacterium Antagonistic to Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes (2014)

Lysobacter capsici AZ78, isolated from tobacco rhizosphere, effectively controls Phytophthora infestans and Plasmopara viticola on tomato and grapevine plants, respectively. We report the first draft genome sequence of the L. capsici species.
Mechanisms of hTERT up-regulation during immortalization of human mammary epithelial cells (2006)

4987 Immortality is a prerequisite for the accumulation of multiple malignant changes in a single cell lineage during human breast carcinogenesis. We use cultured human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) to study changes contributing to immortalization. Following treatment with carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, extremely rare HMEC achieved immortalization. Early passages of the immortal HMEC line 184A1, expressing wild-type p53, initially displayed very low telomerase activity, but continued to divide until the cells attained mean TRF lengths of 3 kb or less. At this point, the cultured cells reproducibly entered a period of slow, heterogeneous growth termed conversion, which was accompanied by accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitior p57KIP2. When the p53-inhibiting genetic suppressor element 22 (GSE22) was transduced into the cells prior to the onset of conversion, hTERT mRNA was rapidly induced and telomerase activity was up-regulated, indicating that telomerase expression in the newly immortalized HMEC was suppressed by endogenous p53. As conversion of 184A1 progressed, p57KIP2 was dowregulated, and p53-mediated repression of hTERT was presumably alleviated. Current experiments include: 1) investigating the role of p57KIP2 in hTERT regulation by introducing shRNA to p57KIP2 into 184A1 HMEC before and during conversion, 2) measuring the timing of hTERT activation following inhibition of p53 by GSE22, as a first step in determining the mechanism of p53-mediated repression of hTERT, and 3) testing the hypothesis that alterations in chromatin configuration of the hTERT promoter may be necessary for de-repression of hTERT as 184A1 cells undergo conversion to full immortality. In the latter experiments, we are examining the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), on pre-conversion 184A1 cells in the presence and absence of transcriptional regulators such as c-myc. By examining the mechanisms of hTERT de-repression during HMEC immortalization, we expect to gain further understanding of rate-limiting processes taking place during early breast carcinogenesis.
Towards the design of a wideband reflective long period grating distributed sensor (2020)

Abstract In this paper, we computationally investigate the effects of metal coating length and coating coverage on the reflected spectrum of a long period grating (LPG) over a broad bandwidth. Simulation results indicate that coating the tail end of the fiber between the LPG and the end facet of the fiber provides a reflected spectrum that mimics the LPG transmission spectrum shape over a 400 nm bandwidth. Based on single LPG simulation results, we present the design of a distributed LPG structure containing a multiple number ( n ) of LPGs in reflection mode for the first time. Simulation results for n = 1, 2, and 3 are presented here to demonstrate the concept of a distributed reflective LPG design. It is expected that such a sensor will open a new window for distributed sensing using reflective LPGs.
Human aromatase (CYP19) pharmacogenomics: Gene resequencing and functional genomics (2005)

Background/Aims CYP19 is a key enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis. CYP19 inhibitors are used to treat breast cancer. We set out to identify and characterize genetic polymorphisms in CYP19 as a step toward pharmacogenomic studies of aromatase inhibitors. Methods We resequenced the CYP19 5′-untranslated exons PII and 1.3, as well as the 9 coding exons (exons 2 to 10), intron-exon splice junctions and portions of the 3'-untranslated region in 240 DNA samples from 4 ethnic groups. Results 28 polymorphisms were identified. Functional genomic studies were performed with the 4 nonsynonymous coding SNPs which altered the following amino acids: Trp39Arg, Thr201Met, Arg264Cys, and Met364Thr. The Cys264, Thr364 and the double variant Arg39,Cys264 allozymes showed significant decreases in levels of activity and enzyme protein after transient expression in COS-1 cells. A 4-fold increase in apparent Km was observed for Thr364 with androstenedione as substrate. None of the recombinant allozymes had significant changes in Ki values for the aromatase inhibitors exemestane and letrozole. Conclusions Genetic variation in CYP19 might contribute to variation in the occurrence of estrogen-dependent disease and/or response to aromatase inhibitors. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P22–P22; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.085
Multimedia information associations in the Personal Presence System (2002)

In future public intelligent network architectures it will be important for a network service to allow users to customize and control the multimedia information they receive. One powerful presentation control capability is to allow users to 'associate' multimedia streams together in unique, customized ways. Associating media streams with each other allows a user to create what might be thought of as composite or meta multimedia object. This mechanism can be used to synchronize the delivery of different multimedia streams in order to achieve some presentation goal. A multimedia provider may want to synchronize information from different servers, as the provider may not have the capacity to store all the necessary information, or may not have the copyright to certain information. A user may also want to associate different video images together in order to compose a video scene. This might be used to associate the images being sent by an array of cameras to give a panoramic view, or to enable a user to group other users of a teleconference. The teleconferencing user could then view a subset of the other conferees and have a convenient way to access different conferees' images by simply panning left or right on the combined video scene. Users could also be grouped together by role for easy access.
<title>Tapered single-mode spatially weighted optical fiber vibration sensors</title> (1993)

In this paper, we present a weighted Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor that is used to filter vibration modes in a one-dimensional beam placed in a clamped-free arrangement. The sensitivity of the fiber has been tailored for a specific mode shape of an excited beam by tapering a single mode circular core fiber. Mode suppressions on the order of 4 dB have been demonstrated.
Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of <i>N</i>-Aryl Imines: Indole Synthesis from Anilines and Ketones (2012)

We report here an operationally simple, palladium-catalyzed cyclization reaction of N-aryl imines, affording indoles via the oxidative linkage of two C-H bonds under mild conditions using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. The process allows quick and atom-economical assembly of indole rings from inexpensive and readily available anilines and ketones and tolerates a broad range of functional groups.
Effects of MDL 100,240, a Dual Inhibitor of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Neutral Endopeptidase on the Vasopressor Response to Exogenous Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II Challenges in Healthy Volunteers (1998)

MDL 100,240, a dual inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), was administered intravenously to two panels of four healthy males in a four-period, dose-increasing (0, 1.56, 6.25, and 25 mg, and 0, 3.13, 12.5, and 50 mg, respectively) double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Plasma ACE activity and blood-pressure response to exogenous angiotensin I and angiotensin II i.v. challenges and safety and tolerance were assessed over a 24-h period. MDL 100,240 induced a rapid, dose-related, and sustained inhibition of ACE (>70% over 24 h at doses > or =12.5 mg). The time integral of ACE inhibition was related to the dose but with near-maximal values already attained at doses > or =12.5 mg. Systolic and diastolic blood-pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin I challenges were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas the effects of angiotensin II remained unaffected. Mean supine blood pressure decreased transiently (3 h) at doses > or =3.125 mg and < or =24 h with the 25- and 50-mg doses, but not significantly. MDL 100,240 was well tolerated. In healthy subjects, MDL 100,240 exerts a dose-dependent and long-lasting ACE-blocking activity, also expressed by the inhibition of the pressor responses to exogenous angiotensin I challenges. The baroreceptor reflex, assessed by the response to exogenous angiotensin II challenge, remains unaltered.
Reduction of CpG‐induced arthritis by suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides (2002)

Suppressive ODN may be useful for the prevention or treatment of arthritis induced by bacterial DNA.
<title>Coplanar-grid detector with single-electrode readout</title> (1997)

The coplanar-grid technique provides substantial spectral performance improvement over that of conventional detector designs and electronics when applied to gamma-ray detectors based on compound semiconductors. The technique realizes this improvement by measuring the difference between the induced charge signals from two interdigitated coplanar-grid electrodes. By adjusting the relative gain between the two grid signals prior to subtraction, the difference signal can be made less sensitive to the poor carrier transport properties of the detector material and thus improve the spectral response of the detector. In this paper, we discuss a variation of the coplanar-grid method in which the signal from only one grid electrode is read out. The signal response is optimized by changing the relative areas of the two grid electrodes and the bias applied across the detector. In this scheme, only one preamplifier is needed and signal subtraction is not necessary. This eliminates the electronic noise contribution from the additional preamplifier used in the normal coplanar-grid implementation, and conventional single- amplifier detector electronics can be used. Experimental results using CdZnTe detectors are presented.
Mask technology for EUV lithography (1999)

Extreme UV Lithography (EUVL) is one of the leading candidates for the next generation lithography, which will decrease critical feature size to below 100 nm within 5 years. EUVL uses 10-14 nm light as envisioned by the EUV Limited Liability Company, a consortium formed by Intel and supported by Motorola and AMD to perform R and D work at three national laboratories. Much work has already taken place, with the first prototypical cameras operational at 13.4 nm using low energy laser plasma EUV light sources to investigate issues including the source, camera, electro- mechanical and system issues, photoresists, and of course the masks. EUV lithograph masks are fundamentally different than conventional photolithographic masks as they are reflective instead of transmissive. EUV light at 13.4 nm is rapidly absorbed by most materials, thus all light transmission within the EUVL system from source to silicon wafer, including EUV reflected from the mask, is performed by multilayer mirrors in vacuum.
An ultrahigh-<i>Q</i> isotropically sensitive optical filter employing atomic resonance transitions (1979)

A new resonance principle in optical filters has been utilized to simultaneously permit realization of wide field-of-view (∼2π sr) and very narrow acceptance bandwidths, approaching 0.01 Å. A light signal is transmitted through an outer bandpass filter into a resonantly absorbing atomic vapor, resulting in a fluorescence signal at a different wavelength which is transmitted through an inner bandpass filter. The outer and inner bandpass filters have no common transmission band, resulting in complete blockage of all optical signals (background noise) that are not resonantly shifted in wavelength by the intervening atomic vapor. This ’’resonance filter’’ principle is experimentally verified, and system parameters are discussed for filters utilizing potassium, rubidium, or cesium vapor at nine wavelengths between 420 and 532 nm.
CTH01-5: A Novel Optical CDMA Modulation Scheme: Code Cycle Modulation (2006)

Recently there has been some interest in optical CDMA (OCDMA) for optical networks. A major drawback of OCDMA systems is their low spectral efficiency. This paper explores a novel modulation scheme for OCDMA systems which increases the spectral efficiency called code-cycle modulation (CCM) which uses different cyclic shifts of the spreading sequence assigned to each user to transmit an M-ary information. While the idea of using M-ary OCDMA modulation has been proposed using other means, most of these modulation schemes need M different receiver units to recover the data which causes complexity and power issues in the receiver. The advantage of our scheme is that we propose a supporting receiver architecture which doesn't suffer from complexity and power issues as mentioned above. In the rest of the paper we analyze the performance of this modulation scheme.
Magnetorheological-suspension-based finishing technology (1998)

In magnetorheological finishing (MRF) the mechanical energy for material removal is generated by the hydrodynamic flow of a magnetorheological (MR) polishing suspension through a converging gap that is formed by a workpiece surface and a moving rigid wall. In addition to causing material removal, MRF also reduces the surface micro roughness of optical materials to ≤ 10 Å rms. Shape errors are corrected to a fraction of a wavelength of light and subsurface damage is removed. A theoretical analysis of MRF, based on Bingham lubrication theory, illustrates that the formation of a core attached to the moving wall results in dramatically high stress on the workpiece surface. A correlation between the shear stress on the workpiece surface and materials removal is obtained.