gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Ultralightweight and hyperthin rollable primary mirror for space telescopes</title> (2000)

The aperture of monolithic space telescope primary mirrors placed on orbit is limited to payload faring diameters, the largest being about 4-meters. This requires a novel stowage approach for monoliths larger than 4-meters. Very large aperture telescopes, 50 to 100-meter diameters, planned for deployment in the next 10 to 20 years will also require very large mirror segments in an effort to manage the phasing of the entire surface. The larger the mirror panels the fewer that will be required for such apertures. If the mirrors can be made thin enough to be deformed into a cylinder or undeformed but closely nested, enough surface area can be placed on orbit to facilitate large aperture telescope mirrors. 8-meter monolithic mirrors can be rolled into a 2.5-meter diameter cylinder with the secondary support structure stowed in the cylinder to maximize the payload faring volume. Hyper-thin mirrors can be closely nested in order to maximize volume as well. Presented is a design and engineering model of a 0.9-meter diameter hyper-thin, ultra- lightweight spherical composite mirror and methods, which led to the fabrication of the mirror.
Revision of the oligosaccharide structures of yeast carboxypeptidase Y. (1990)

The N-linked oligosaccharides from baker's yeast carboxypeptidase Y were analyzed by 1H NMR and specific mannosidase digestion and found to be identical to those from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn9 mutant bulk mannoprotein. The results support the view that the mnn mutants make oligosaccharides that are a true reflection of the normal biosynthetic pathway and confirm that a recently revised yeast oligosaccharide structure is applicable to wild-type mannoproteins.
Sustainable production of acrolein: investigation of solid acid–base catalysts for gas-phase dehydration of glycerol (2007)

Synthesis of acrolein by catalytic gas-phase dehydration of biomass-derivate glycerol was studied over various solid catalysts with a wide range of acid–base properties. The catalyst acidity and basicity were measured, respectively, by n-butylamine and benzoic acid titration methods using Hammett indicators. The most effective acid strength for the selective dehydration of glycerol to form acrolein appeared between −8.2 ≤ H0 ≤ −3.0, with which acrolein was produced at a selectivity of 60–70 mol%. The catalysts having very strong acid sites (H0 ≤ −8.2) effected a lower acrolein selectivity (40–50 mol%) due to more severe coke deposition in the reaction. Solid acids holding medium strong and weak acid sites (−3.0 ≤ H0 ≤ +6.8) were found to be not selective for the acrolein production, the acrolein selectivity being less than 30 mol%. The mass specific catalytic rate for the acrolein production showed a general trend to increase with the fractional acidity at −8.2 ≤ H0 ≤ −3.0. The catalytic data also suggest that Brønsted acid sites were advantageous over Lewis acid sites in catalyzing the selective synthesis of acrolein from glycerol dehydration. Solid base catalysts were shown not to be effective for acrolein production.
Pacing‐induced calcineurin activation controls cardiac Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling and gene expression (2003)

Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (PP2B) is one of the links between Ca(2+) signals and regulation of gene transcription in cardiac muscle. We studied the Ca(2+) signal specificity of calcineurin activation experimentally and with modelling. In the rat atrial preparation, an increase in pacing frequency increased nuclear activity of the calcineurin-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT), 2-fold in a cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive manner. In line with this, modelling results predicted that the frequency of cardiac Ca(2+) transients encodes the stimulus for calcineurin activation. We further observed experimentally that calcineurin inhibition by CsA modulated Ca(2+) release in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. CsA had no effect on [Ca(2+)](i) at a pacing frequency of 1 Hz but it significantly suppressed the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients, systolic [Ca(2+)](i) and time averaged [Ca(2+)](i) at 6 Hz. Calcineurin had a differential role in the expression of immediate-early genes B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and c-fos. CsA inhibited the pacing-induced BNP gene expression, whereas pacing alone had no effect on the expression of c-fos. However, in the presence of CsA, c-fos mRNA levels were significantly augmented by increased pacing frequency. These results show that frequency-dependent calcineurin activation has a specific role in [Ca(2+)](i) regulation and gene expression, constantly recruited by varying cardiac Ca(2+) signals.
Quantitative Detection of Microbial Genes by Using DNA Microarrays (2002)

To quantify target genes in biological samples using DNA microarrays, we employed reference DNA to normalize variations in spot size and hybridization. This method was tested using nitrate reductase (nirS), naphthalene dioxygenase (nahA), and Escherichia coli O157 O-antigen biosynthesis genes as model genes and lambda DNA as the reference DNA. We observed a good linearity between the log signal ratio and log DNA concentration ratio at DNA concentrations above the method's detection limit, which was approximately 10 pg. This approach for designing quantitative microarrays and the inferred equation from this study provide a simple and convenient way to estimate the target gene concentration from the hybridization signal ratio.
ESE-1 Is a Novel Transcriptional Mediator of Inflammation That Interacts with NF-κB to Regulate the Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Gene (2001)

Inflammation is a hallmark of several vascular diseases. The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factors are dimeric proteins involved in the activation of a large number of genes in response to inflammatory stimuli. We report the involvement of a novel member of the ETS transcription factor, ESE-1, in mediating vascular inflammation. ESE-1 is induced in response to inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. This induction occurs within hours of stimulation and is mediated by NF-kappaB transactivation of the ESE-1 promoter. We have identified the inducible form of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS2) as a putative target for ESE-1. ESE-1 can bind to the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB, and cotransfection of ESE-1 with the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB synergistically enhances transactivation of the NOS2 promoter by ESE-1. An ESE-1-binding site within the NOS2 promoter has been identified, the site-directed mutagenesis of which completely abolishes the ability of ESE-1 to transactivate the NOS2 promoter. Finally, in a mouse model of endotoxemia, associated with acute vascular inflammation, ESE-1 is strongly expressed in vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. In summary, ESE-1 represents a novel mediator of vascular inflammation.
Spinal astrocytic activation contributes to mechanical allodynia in a rat model of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis (2016)

Our results demonstrated that astrocytic activation but not microglial activation contributed to the allodynia in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and IL-1β released from astrocytes might bind to its endogenous receptor on the neurons inducing the phosphorylation of NR1 subunit, leading to sensory neuronal hyperexcitability and pathological pain.
A Pituitary Homeobox 2 (Pitx2):microRNA-200a-3p:β-catenin Pathway Converts Mesenchymal Cells to Amelogenin-expressing Dental Epithelial Cells (2014)

Pitx2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in the regulation of dental stem cells during embryonic development. In this report, we have identified a Pitx2:β-catenin regulatory pathway involved in epithelial cell differentiation and conversion of mesenchymal cells to amelogenin expressing epithelial cells via miR-200a. Pitx2 and β-catenin are expressed in the labial incisor cervical loop or epithelial stem cell niche, with decreased expression in the differentiating ameloblast cells of the mouse lower incisor. Bioinformatics analyses reveal that miR-200a-3p expression is activated in the pre-ameloblast cells to enhance epithelial cell differentiation. We demonstrate that Pitx2 activates miR-200a-3p expression and miR-200a-3p reciprocally represses Pitx2 and β-catenin expression. Pitx2 and β-catenin interact to synergistically activate gene expression during odontogenesis and miR-200a-3p attenuates their expression and directs differentiation. To understand how this mechanism controls cell differentiation and cell fate, oral epithelial and odontoblast mesenchymal cells were reprogrammed by a two-step induction method using Pitx2 and miR-200a-3p. Conversion to amelogenin expressing dental epithelial cells involved an up-regulation of the stem cell marker Sox2 and proliferation genes and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. E-cadherin expression was increased as well as ameloblast specific factors. The combination of Pitx2, a regulator of dental stem cells and miR-200a converts mesenchymal cells to a fully differentiated dental epithelial cell type. This pathway and reprogramming can be used to reprogram mesenchymal or oral epithelial cells to dental epithelial (ameloblast) cells, which can be used in tissue repair and regeneration studies.
The proposal of swarm type wall climbing robot system "Anchor Climber" $the design and examination of adhering mobile unit $ (2005)

High mobility and large payload capabilities are important features for wall climbing robots. However, traditional designs could only provide one or other but not both of these features at the same time. In this paper, we propose a new robot system named "Anchor Climber", which can provide both high mobility and large payload capabilities. The proposed system is composed of two or more mobile units which can stick firmly to the wall when in a stand-still state, and also freely and reliably move on the wall holding enough adhering force to not fall from the wall during the moving state. We call this kind of unit as "adhering mobile unit". This paper address in detail, the necessary conditions to configure such a system, and also introduces the development of an adhering mobile unit using permanent magnet.
Discovering users' topics of interest on twitter (2010)

Twitter, a micro-blogging service, provides users with a framework for writing brief, often-noisy postings about their lives. These posts are called In this paper we present early results on discovering Twitter users' topics of interest by examining the entities they mention in their Tweets. Our approach leverages a knowledge base to disambiguate and categorize the entities in the Tweets. We then develop a topic profile, which characterizes users' topics of interest, by discerning which categories appear frequently and cover the entities. We demonstrate that even in this early work we are able to successfully discover the main topics of interest for the users in our study.
Radiation dose reduction using a CdZnTe‐based computed tomography system: Comparison to flat‐panel detectors (2010)

The results showed that a CT system using an energy resolving detector reduces the dose to the patient while maintaining image quality for various breast imaging tasks.
Formaldehyde Liberation and Cure Behavior of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins (1990)

On a etudie par calorimetrie differentielle a balayage le comportement au durcissement de plusieurs adhesifs uree-formaldehyde pour bois qui contenaient differents systemes de catalyseurs et agents neutralisants
Both Ends of the Night (1997)

A full-fledged pilot for several years, Sharon McCone is due for the biannual flight review required by the FAA. Her former flight instructor, Matty Wildress, invites her to fly up to the small Sonoma County town of Los Alegres for the evaluation. The test isn't due for several months, however, and McCone suspects Matty has more than safe flying on her mind. She's right. Matty's live-in lover John Seabrook, has been gone for a week, abandoning his small son, Zach. In a desperate letter John entrusts the boy to Matty's care, urging them to go into hiding immediately. But Matty is a professional and determined to perform in the last aerobatic air show of the year. Despite the extra security, something goes horribly wrong. Suddenly, an ordinary missing person case becomes a personal vendetta. Together with her lover, Hy Ripinsky, McCone bypasses the authorities to hunt down the man responsible for Matty's death. Her search will take her across the country as she uncovers the startling details of John Seabrook's past. From San Francisco to Florida to Arkansas to northern Minnesota, she'll unravel an insidious web of corruption between a major corporation and high government, where power and profit are supreme...and murder is a tool of the trade. And somewhere in the midst of it all, she'll confront a killer with a heart as cold and dark as the northern night.
Vehicle flow detection in real-time airborne traffic surveillance system (2011)

Compared with the ground-based traffic surveillance systems, the airborne platform takes advantage of convenience and low cost. In most of the existing aerial-based systems, the airborne platform is only responsible for data collection and the ground station is in charge of all data processing for vehicle detection. However, such architecture has a low real-time performance unless with the support of specifically constructed wireless networks. This paper proposed an airborne traffic surveillance system, which can detect vehicles in real time with only a general narrowband wireless network support. In our system, the airborne platform not only gathers video information but also carries out data pre-processing, and only the useful data is transferred to the ground via a GPRS/EDGE network. Moreover, more accurate vehicle flow detection with a false-alarm reduction module is performed on the ground station. Experimental results preliminarily show that the system can achieve real-time vehicle flow detection with a high detection rate and a low false-alarm rate.
Cryptography and Competition Policy - Issues with ‘Trusted Computing’ (2006)

The most significant strategic development in information technology over the past year has been 'trusted computing'. This is popularly associated with Microsoft's 'Palladium' project, recently renamed 'NGSCB'. In this paper, I give an outline of the technical aspects of 'trusted computing' and sketch some of the public policy consequences.
Experimental Studies on the Limitation of Focussing Power of Hyperbolic-Type Gas Lens (1969)

The focussing effect of Hyperbolic-type Gas Lens which was proposed by the authors for light beam waveguide is examined experimentally. Six types of experimental gas lens with different separation of poles 2 a are made, and the temperature distribution on the heat conductive poles and in the gas medium is measured. The focussing characteristics of these types of gas lens are examined using the Gaussian light beam from a He-Ne gas laser. It is concluded that the focussing power is limited by the natural convection of the gas when the temperature difference between the poles is increased, and it is found that the critical temperature difference 2 Δ T c above which the gas lens does not work normally is determined only by the separation 2 a between the poles. The relation between them is formulated experimentally as follows; Δ T_c\cong42/a^1.34, 20\gtrsima\gtrsim5 (mm) Δ T_c\cong83/a^1.74, 2\lesssima\lesssim5 (mm). This formulation serves as the data for the design of the waveguide using this tpye of gas lens.
Explicit communications for cooperative internet traffic control (2008)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) emerges as a major paradigm for scalable network application design. It also exposes a fundamental issue in the traditional Internet architecture: emerging applications can have tremendous flexibility in how data is communicated, but if applications are to participate in network resource optimizations, then the networks cannot continue to be opaque but need to provide a communication channel for collaborative traffic control.
In this thesis, I propose a framework called P4P to enable cooperative traffic control between applications and network providers. The framework provides multiple privacy-preserving interfaces to allow network providers and P2P applications to jointly optimize their respective performance. At the core of this framework is the p4p distance interface, derived from the principle of primal-dual decomposition. Using this interface, neither do the providers need to know the specifics of applications, nor do applications need to know the specifics of providers or other applications sharing the same network. The framework is fully implemented. The results obtained from both controlled experiments running on the Planet Lab and large-scale Internet experiments running on large Internet service providers including Verizon Communications and the Telefonica Group demonstrate that P4P either improves or maintains the performance of native P2P applications, and that it substantially reduces network provider cost compared with either the native or localized P2P applications.
Misrepair in Context: TGFβ Regulation of DNA Repair (2019)

Repair of DNA damage protects genomic integrity, which is key to tissue functional integrity. In cancer, the type and fidelity of DNA damage response is the fundamental basis for clinical response to cytotoxic therapy. Here we consider the contribution of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), a ubiquitous, pleotropic cytokine that is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, to therapeutic response. The action of TGFβ is best illustrated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Survival of HNSCC patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) positive cancer is more than double compared to those with HPV-negative HNSCC. Notably, HPV infection profoundly impairs TGFβ signaling. HPV blockade of TGFβ signaling, or pharmaceutical TGFβ inhibition that phenocopies HPV infection, shifts cancer cells from error-free homologous-recombination DNA double-strand-break (DSB) repair to error-prone alternative end-joining (altEJ). Cells using altEJ are more sensitive to standard of care radiotherapy and cisplatin, and are sensitized to PARP inhibitors. Hence, HPV-positive HNSCC is an experiment of nature that provides a strong rationale for the use of TGFβ inhibitors for optimal therapeutic combinations that improve patient outcome.
A UV-sensitive syndrome patient with a specific <i>CSA</i> mutation reveals separable roles for CSA in response to UV and oxidative DNA damage (2009)

UV-sensitive syndrome (UV(S)S) is a recently-identified autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mild cutaneous symptoms and defective transcription-coupled repair (TC-NER), the subpathway of nucleotide excision repair (NER) that rapidly removes damage that can block progression of the transcription machinery in actively-transcribed regions of DNA. Cockayne syndrome (CS) is another genetic disorder with sun sensitivity and defective TC-NER, caused by mutations in the CSA or CSB genes. The clinical hallmarks of CS include neurological/developmental abnormalities and premature aging. UV(S)S is genetically heterogeneous, in that it appears in individuals with mutations in CSB or in a still-unidentified gene. We report the identification of a UV(S)S patient (UV(S)S1VI) with a novel mutation in the CSA gene (p.trp361cys) that confers hypersensitivity to UV light, but not to inducers of oxidative damage that are notably cytotoxic in cells from CS patients. The defect in UV(S)S1VI cells is corrected by expression of the WT CSA gene. Expression of the p.trp361cys-mutated CSA cDNA increases the resistance of cells from a CS-A patient to oxidative stress, but does not correct their UV hypersensitivity. These findings imply that some mutations in the CSA gene may interfere with the TC-NER-dependent removal of UV-induced damage without affecting its role in the oxidative stress response. The differential sensitivity toward oxidative stress might explain the difference between the range and severity of symptoms in CS and the mild manifestations in UV(s)S patients that are limited to skin photosensitivity without precocious aging or neurodegeneration.
Virulent Salmonella typhimurium-induced lymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression in chickens (1994)

The effect of experimental Salmonella infection on chicken lymphoid organs, immune responses, and fecal shedding of salmonellae were assessed following oral inoculation of 1-day-old chicks or intra-air-sac infection of 4-week-old chickens with virulent S. typhimurium wild-type chi 3761 or avirulent S. typhimurium delta cya delta crp vaccine strain chi 3985. Some 4-week-old chickens infected intra-air-sac with chi 3761 or chi 3985 were challenged with Bordetella avium to determine the effect of Salmonella infection on secondary infection by B. avium. S. typhimurium chi 3761 caused lymphocyte depletion, atrophy of lymphoid organs, and immunosuppression 2 days after infection in 1-day-old chicks and 4-week-old chickens. The observed lymphocyte depletion or atrophy of lymphoid organs was transient and dose dependent. Lymphocyte depletion and immunosuppression were associated with prolonged fecal shedding of S. typhimurium chi 3761. No lymphocyte depletion, immunosuppression, or prolonged Salmonella shedding was observed in groups of chickens infected orally or intra-air-sac with chi 3985. Infection of chickens with salmonellae before challenge with B. avium did not suppress the specific antibody response to B. avium. However, B. avium isolation was higher in visceral organs of chickens infected with chi 3761 and challenged with B. avium than in chickens infected with B. avium only. Infection of chickens with chi 3985 reduced B. avium colonization. We report a new factor in Salmonella pathogenesis and reveal a phenomenon which may play a critical role in the development of Salmonella carrier status in chickens. We also showed that 10(8) CFU of chi 3985, which is our established oral vaccination dose for chickens, did not cause immunosuppression or enhance the development of Salmonella carrier status in chickens.
Acoustoelectric Amplifier With 1.2-dB Insertion Gain Monolithic Graphene Construction and Continuous Wave Operation (2020)

While there have been many years of research on the acoustoelectric effect, there has not been a successful approach or demonstration to provide a manufacturable, continuous wave (CW) acoustoelectric amplifier (AEA) with insertion gain. This letter will present the results of a 169.5-MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line on 128YX lithium niobate with an embedded monolithic coupled AEA (CAEA) demonstrating a terminal gain of 1.2 dB. The impedance-matched delay line without the CAEA has an insertion loss of 4.6 dB, and with the operational CAEA, the measured gain is 1.2 dB, yielding a net insertion gain of 5.8 dB. The CAEA uses approximately 137 mW dc power at the current peak operational gain. This letter will present experimental results of device performance and discuss the new embodiment for achieving the net insertion gain.
Nitride Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material and Electronic Devices (2016)

This book systematically introduces physical characteristics and implementations of III-nitride wide bandgap semiconductor materials and electronic devices, with an emphasis on high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The properties of nitride semiconductors make the material very suitable for electronic devices used in microwave power amplification, high-voltage switches, and high-speed digital integrated circuits.