gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field testing of a high-energy 2-μm Doppler lidar (2010)

A 2-µm wavelength coherent Doppler lidar for wind measurement has been developed of an unprecedented laser pulse energy of 250-mJ in a rugged package. This high pulse energy is produced by a Ho:Tm:LuLiF laser with an optical amplifier. While the lidar is meant for use as an airborne instrument, ground-based tests were carried out to characterize performance of the lidar. Atmospheric measurements are presented, showing the lidar's capability for wind measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere. Lidar wind measurements are compared to a balloon sonde, showing good agreement between the two sensors.
An analysis of the effects of level crossing and anticrossing in the resonant scattering of thermal phonons (1975)

An analysis is given of the changes that occur in the thermal conductivity of a solid containing resonant phonon scattering centres when there are crossings or anticrossings of levels involved in the scattering. At a level crossing, the changes are due to interference between the scattering processes involving the two levels. At a level anticrossing, the two levels repel because of the coupling between them and the changes in conductivity are due to the effects of state mixing as well as to interference. The effects of both types of crossing are discussed in the two limiting cases of weak and strong resonant scattering in comparison with the other scattering rates present. Observation of these effects can in principle provide rather accurate spectroscopic information about the positions of energy levels. In addition, information should be obtainable on the eigenstates and on the lifetimes of the levels involved.
Decreased nonspecific adhesivity, receptor-targeted therapeutic nanoparticles for primary and metastatic breast cancer (2020)

Development of effective tumor cell-targeted nanodrug formulations has been quite challenging, as many nanocarriers and targeting moieties exhibit nonspecific binding to cellular, extracellular, and intravascular components. We have developed a therapeutic nanoparticle formulation approach that balances cell surface receptor-specific binding affinity while maintaining minimal interactions with blood and tumor tissue components (termed "DART" nanoparticles), thereby improving blood circulation time, biodistribution, and tumor cell-specific uptake. Here, we report that paclitaxel (PTX)-DART nanoparticles directed to the cell surface receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) outperformed both the corresponding PTX-loaded, nontargeted nanoparticles and Abraxane, an FDA-approved PTX nanoformulation, in both a primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model and an intracranial model reflecting TNBC growth following metastatic dissemination to the brain. These results provide new insights into methods for effective development of therapeutic nanoparticles as well as support the continued development of the DART platform for primary and metastatic tumors.
Planar optical implementation of crossover interconnects (1992)

We propose a planar optical configuration for implementation of crossover interconnects. The planar overlay allows two-dimensional pixel arrays located on a wafer-scale integrated circuit to be interconnected in a compact and vibrationally robust configuration. By using an acute-angle microprism array with apex angles of 70.52 deg fabricated on a silicon substrate, we show the experimental result of the crossover interconnections. Some practical limits of the planar optical crossover interconnections are also discussed.
Low-dose dasatinib rescues cardiac function in Noonan syndrome (2016)

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common autosomal dominant disorder that presents with short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, and cardiac abnormalities. Activating mutations in the <i>PTPN11</i> gene encoding for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) causes approximately 50% of NS cases. In contrast, NS with multiple lentigines (NSML) is caused by mutations that inactivate SHP2, but it exhibits some overlapping abnormalities with NS. Protein zero-related (PZR) is a SHP2-binding protein that is hyper-tyrosyl phosphorylated in the hearts of mice from NS and NSML, suggesting that PZR and the tyrosine kinase that catalyzes its phosphorylation represent common targets for these diseases. We show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, at doses orders of magnitude lower than that used for its anticancer activities inhibited PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation in the hearts of NS mice. Low-dose dasatinib treatment of NS mice markedly improved cardiomyocyte contractility and functionality. Remarkably, a low dose of dasatinib reversed the expression levels of molecular markers of cardiomyopathy and reduced cardiac fibrosis in NS and NSML mice. These results suggest that PZR/SHP2 signaling is a common target of both NS and NSML and that low-dose dasatinib may represent a unifying therapy for the treatment of <i>PTPN11</i>-related cardiomyopathies.
Switched tank converters (2018)

This paper presents a new class of Switched Tank Converters (abbreviated as STCs) for high efficiency high density non-isolated DC-DC application where large voltage step down (up) ratios are required. Distinguished from switched capacitor converters, the STCs uniquely employ LC resonant tanks to partially replace the flying capacitors for energy transfer. Full soft charging, soft switching and minimal device voltage stresses are achieved under all operating conditions. The STCs feature very high efficiency, density and robustness against component non-idealities over a wide range. Furthermore, thanks to the full resonant operation, multiple STCs can operate in parallel with inherent droop current sharing, offering the best scalability and control simplicity. These attributes of STC make it a disruptive and robust technology viable for industry's high volume adoption. A novel equivalent DCX building block principle is introduced to simplify the analysis of STC. A 98.92% efficiency STC product evaluation board (4-to-1, 650W) has been developed and demonstrated for the next-gen 48V bus conversion on data center server boards.
All-digital histopathology by infrared-optical hybrid microscopy (2020)

Optical microscopy for biomedical samples requires expertise in staining to visualize structure and composition. Midinfrared (mid-IR) spectroscopic imaging offers label-free molecular recording and virtual staining by probing fundamental vibrational modes of molecular components. This quantitative signal can be combined with machine learning to enable microscopy in diverse fields from cancer diagnoses to forensics. However, absorption of IR light by common optical imaging components makes mid-IR light incompatible with modern optical microscopy and almost all biomedical research and clinical workflows. Here we conceptualize an IR-optical hybrid (IR-OH) approach that sensitively measures molecular composition based on an optical microscope with wide-field interferometric detection of absorption-induced sample expansion. We demonstrate that IR-OH exceeds state-of-the-art IR microscopy in coverage (10-fold), spatial resolution (fourfold), and spectral consistency (by mitigating the effects of scattering). The combined impact of these advances allows full slide infrared absorption images of unstained breast tissue sections on a visible microscope platform. We further show that automated histopathologic segmentation and generation of computationally stained (stainless) images is possible, resolving morphological features in both color and spatial detail comparable to current pathology protocols but without stains or human interpretation. IR-OH is compatible with clinical and research pathology practice and could make for a cost-effective alternative to conventional stain-based protocols for stainless, all-digital pathology.
Near-field chipless RFID encoders with sequential bit reading and high data capacity (2017)

This paper presents a novel and unconventional approach for the implementation of chipless RFID systems with high data capacity, suitable for authentication and security applications. Contrarily to previous time-domain or frequency-domain chipless RFID tags, where encoding is achieved either by generating defects (reflectors) in a transmission line (producing echoes in an input pulsed signal), or by etching multiple resonators (each tuned to a different frequency) in a dielectric substrate (providing a unique spectral signature), respectively, the chipless tags proposed in this paper consist of a set of identical resonators conveniently aligned and etched (or printed) on a dielectric layer (e.g., liquid crystal polymer, paper, etc). The resonators are located at predefined equidistant positions in such a way that the presence or absence of resonators in such positions corresponds to the `1' or `0' logic states, respectively. The reader is simply a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line fed by a harmonic signal tuned to the frequency of the resonant elements. In a reading operation, the tag must be mechanically guided and transversally displaced over the CPW, so that the resonant elements modulate the amplitude of the feeding harmonic signal (through electromagnetic coupling) as they cross the axis of the CPW transmission line. This sequential bit reading alleviates the spectral bandwidth limitations of previous multi-resonator chipless RFID tags since the resonators are all identical in the proposed encoders. Therefore, the data capacity (number of bits) can be substantially enhanced since it is only limited by the area occupied by the resonant elements. The necessary close proximity between the tag and the reader is not an issue in certain applications such as authentication and security (e.g., secure paper), where the reading distances can be sacrificed in favor of a high number of bits. The design of 10-bit encoders based on this approach, and implemented by means of S-shaped split ring resonators (S-SRRs) etched on a flexible microwave substrate, is reported. The area of the encoders is as small as 1.35 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The number of bits can be significantly increased by simply adding further S-SRRs to the codes. Thus, high data capacity can be achieved without penalizing the complexity of the reader.
Prostate shapes on pre-treatment MRI between prostate cancer patients who do and do not undergo biochemical recurrence are different: Preliminary Findings (2017)

Early identification of PCa patients at risk for biochemical recurrence (BCR) post-therapy will potentially complement definitive therapy with either neo- or adjuvant therapy to improve prognosis. BCR post definitive therapy is often associated with disease progression that might cause a bulge in the prostate gland. In this work we explored if an atlas-based comparison approach reveals shape differences in the prostate capsule as observed on pre-treatment T2-weighted MRI between prostate cancer patients who do (BCR <sup>+</sup>) and do not (BCR <sup>-</sup>) have BCR following definitive therapy. A single center IRB approved study included 874 patients. Complete image datasets, clinically localized PCa, availability of Gleason score, data available for post-treatment PSA and follow-up for at least 3 years in patients without BCR were the inclusion criteria to select 77 patients out of the 874 patients. Further controlling for Gleason score, stage, age and to maintain equal number of cases for the BCR <sup>+</sup> and BCR <sup>-</sup> categories, the total number of cases was reduced to 50. Manually segmented prostate capsules were aligned to a BCR <sup>-</sup> template for statistical comparison between the BCR <sup>+</sup> and BCR <sup>-</sup> groups. Statistically significant shape difference between the two groups was observed towards the lateral and the posterior sides of prostate.
Flavonoid Dimers as Novel, Potent Antileishmanial Agents (2012)

The present study found that synthetic flavonoid dimers with either polyethylene glycol linker or amino ethyleneglycol linker have marked leishmanicidal activity. Compound 39 showed very consistent and promising leishmanicidal activity for both extracellular promastigotes (IC₅₀ ranging from 0.13 to 0.21 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC₅₀ = 0.63 μM) irrespective of the drug-sensitivity of parasites. Moreover, compound 39 displayed no toxicity toward macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (IC₅₀ > 100 μM) and primary mouse peritoneal elicited macrophages (IC₅₀ > 88 μM). Its high value of therapeutic index (>140) was better than other highly potent antileishmanials such as amphotericin B (therapeutic index = 119). Compound 39 is therefore a new, safe, and effective antileishmanial candidate compound which is even effective against drug-refractory parasites.
Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella enteritidis in Leghorn Chicks: Comparison of Treatment by Crop Gavage, Drinking Water, Spray, or Lyophilized Alginate Beads (1994)

The protective effect of cecal bacteria cultures on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization was evaluated. Competitive-exclusion cultures were administered by crop gavage, in first drinking water, by whole body spray, or encapsulated in alginate beads and provided in feed pans. Leghorn chicks were treated with cultures of cecal bacteria on the day of hatch and challenged orally with 10(4) S. enteritidis 2 days after treatment. Salmonella cecal colonization was evaluated 7 days after challenge. No Salmonella organisms were detected in the ceca of chicks treated with cecal cultures by crop gavage. Chicks treated with cecal cultures in the drinking water or by spray application showed comparable protection and significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the number of Salmonella in the cecal contents compared with untreated controls. The consumption of cecal bacteria encapsulated in alginate beads significantly decreased (P < 0.05) Salmonella cecal colonization compared with control treatment, but it provided less protection than the other treatment methods evaluated.
A single launch lunar habitat derived from an NSTS external tank (1990)

A concept for using the spent external tank from a National Space Transportation System (NSTS) to derive a lunar habitat is described. The external tank is carried into low Earth orbit where the oxygen tank-intertank subassembly is separated from the hydrogen tank, berthed to Space Station Freedom and the subassembly outfitted as a 12-person lunar habitat using extravehicular activity (EVA) and intravehicular activity (IVA). A single launch of the NSTS orbiter can place the external tank in LEO, provide orbiter astronauts for disassembly of the external tank, and transport the required subsystem hardware for outfitting the lunar habitat. An estimate of the astronauts' EVA and IVA is provided. The liquid oxygen intertank modifications utilize existing structures and openings for man access without compromising the structural integrity of the tank. The modifications include installation of living quarters, instrumentation, and an airlock. Feasibility studies of the following additional systems include micrometeoroid and radiation protection, thermal control, environmental control and life support, and propulsion. The converted lunar habitat is designed for unmanned transport and autonomous soft landing on the lunar surface without need for site preparation. Lunar regolith is used to fill the micrometeoroid shield volume for radiation protection using a conveyer. The lunar habitat concept is considered to be feasible by the year 2000 with the concurrent development of a space transfer vehicle and a lunar lander for crew changeover and resupply.
Production, characterization and evaluation of virulence of an adhesion defective mutant of Flavobacterium columnare produced by beta-lactam selection (2005)

This is the first description of an adhesion-defective mutant of F. columnare and the effects of altered adhesion on columnaris disease. This mutant has considerable potential as a tool to study the role of adhesion in columnaris disease.
Chemical and Biological Studies on a Series of Novel (<i>trans</i>-(1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>)-, <i>trans</i>-(1<i>S</i>,2<i>S</i>)-, and <i>cis</i>-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane)platinum(IV) Carboxylate Complexes (1997)

A series of novel platinum(IV) complexes of the type DACH-PtIV-trans-(Y)2-cis-X (where DACH = trans-(1R,2R)-, trans-(1S,2S)-, or cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane; X = diacetate, oxalate, malonate, methylmalonate, cyclobutanecarboxylate (CBCA), or 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate (CB-DCA); and Y = acetate or trifluoroacetate) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 195Pt-NMR spectroscopy. The compounds have been tested against cisplatin-sensitive L1210/0 leukemia, cisplatin-resistant L1210/DDP leukemia, and M5076 reticulosarcoma cell lines in vivo. Most of these analogs displayed reasonable activity against L1210/0 cells (%T/C = 135 to > 700). There were no gross differences in activity between analogs containing isomers of DACH. Selected compounds were evaluated against L1210/DDP tumor models in which they demonstrated reduced but significant activity compared with activity in the L1210/0 model. Interestingly, complex 20, PtIV(trans-1R,2R-DACH)-trans-(acetate)2-methylmalonate, was highly active against M5076, although it had no activity against the L1210 lines. The results demonstrate that specific combinations of axial and equatorial carboxylate ligands, together with the DACH carrier ligand, can favorably modulate the antitumor properties of platinum complexes and enhance circumvention of cisplatin resistance.
New Layered Mixed Metal Phosphonates for High Dielectric−Polymer Composite Materials (2009)

New layered 1:1 mixed Ba2+/Ti4+ metal phosphonates, BaTi(O3PC6H5)3 and SrTi(O3PC6H5)3, have been prepared via a hydrothermal route, in which mixed metal oxides, BaTiO3 and SrTiO3, were reacted with phenyl phosphonic acid. The mixed-metal phosphonates were combined with polystyrene (PS) via a solution route and cast as thin films for dielectric permittivity measurements. The composites exhibit an enhancement in the dielectric permittivity as a function of weight loading relative to the parent mixed metal oxide−PS composites.
Solid state organic amine detection in a photochromic porous metal organic framework (2014)

A new Mg(ii) based photochromic porous metal-organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized bearing naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophoric unit. This MOF (Mg-NDI) shows instant and reversible solvatochromic behavior in presence of solvents with different polarity. Mg-NDI also exhibits fast and reversible photochromism <i>via</i> radical formation. Due to the presence of electron deficient NDI moiety, this MOF exhibits selective organic amine (electron rich) sensing in solid state. The organic amine detection has been confirmed by photoluminescence quenching experiment and visual color change.
Communications: Fiber-coupled external cavity semiconductor laser (1981)

The series combination of a semiconductor-diode gain element (a diode laser whose end facets have been antireflection coated) and an optical fiber has been placed inside an external cavity and the external cavity has lased in a single spectral line whose width was less than the 1.7 x 10 to the -5-nm resolution of the scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer used. When a grating in the Littrow configuration is used as one of the cavity end reflectors the spectral line can be tuned. Other elements such as a polarizer can also be placed inside the cavity to select a desired mode of operation. The addition of elements inside the external cavity (including the optical fiber) introduces loss which increases both the threshold current for laser operation and the ratio of power at the gain element facet to cavity output power. With optimized design the long mean life of the semiconductor laser can be maintained by reducing the output power per gain element by less than 33 percent. In terms of the overall goal of this program, The Fiber-Coupled External Cavity Semiconductor Laser, the results obtained are extremely encouraging. (Author)
A new class of dual-mode asymmetric microwave rectangular filters (2003)

Satellite communications are used extensively today. The separation of the different frequency channels requires greater selectivity. Designers have unanimously adopted the circular filters to do this task. But the circular waveguides require a very long, hard development process. We present, in this paper, a new method of filtering based on rectangular geometry. We give a new synthesis procedure and we show that this original configuration can create zeros at right or left hand of the band. With a very powerful computational circuit and electromagnetic analysis, the design needs less tuning. To validate this new concept of filtering, we present the measurements of two TE/sub 10//TE/sub 30/ rectangular dual-mode filters.
Loudspeaker having a two-part diaphragm for use as a car loudspeaker (1990)

First Page
Avalanche InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistor (1983)

We report on the characteristics of an avalanche InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistor. Below the turnover voltage, the gain is bias dependent and avalanching can be used to achieve significant ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim5\times</tex> ) improvement in the gain-bandwidth product. The noise current in this bias region has been measured and is shown to be predominantly shot noise of the photocurrent and the leakage current. Above the turnover voltage, negative resistance is observed and extremely high gains (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) are achieved. In this mode, the pulse response is a narrow spike (rise time ≃ 20 ns) whose width is independent of the width of the incident optical pulse.
Encrypting messages in 3D photonic crystals with patterned surface chemistry (2011)

We demonstrate a 3D porous photonic crystal whose inner surfaces are chemically functionalized in arbitrary spatial patterns with micro-scale resolution. We use this platform to demonstrate a method for solvent-specific multi-layer message encryption.
Polymer-mediated shape-selective synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using a single-step aqueous approach (2009)

ZnO nanostructures of diverse morphologies such as nanowires, nanoneedles, nanorods, flower-like, and square-shaped have been successfully synthesized by a facile one-step aqueous based chemical approach. The fabrication method is simple, reproducible, quick, economical, and environmentally benign. The method to achieve considerable control over shape comprises two important parameters, i.e. concentration control of precursors, and applying polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively, as capping agents during the synthesis. A precise and systematic control over the concentration of the precursor leads to different geometries of ZnO nanostructures. Apart from the shape control, we also found that the PVP renders a tight control over the aspect ratio from 1 to 10 with respect to the amount (20 to 2 wt%) of PVP. The variation of polymer concentration in the reaction media controls the density of homogeneous nucleation and the crystal growth along the c-axis. The addition of PEG confines the nanowire diameter to ∼70 nm and the length to ∼5 µm. The nanowires, nanorods, nanoflowers and nanodisks are crystalline in nature with wurtzite structure and hexagonal symmetry. Using photoluminescence (PL) and a physical property measurement system (PPMS), we demonstrate that the room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior in these nanostructures possibly originates from the defects present in the sample.