gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progestin‐Androgen Combination Regimens for Male Contraception (1997)

Testosterone enanthate (TE) administration is associated with a failure rate (3.4/100 person-years) considerably lower than that of other currently available reversible male contraceptive methods. However, acceptability of this regimen is limited by the need for weekly injections, the lack of complete azoospermia, and the decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Under investigation is the concurrent administration of a progestin that can act synergistically with TE in the suppression of gonadotropins. Because of the additive effects, the dose of each steroid can be decreased, minimizing androgen-related side effects. Third-generation progestins and hybrid progestins seem to offer the most potential for such an approach. In particular, the combination of cyproterone acetate (CPA) and TE has been found to result in a rapid, profound suppression of spermatogenesis, without side effects, through its ability to block both the follicle-stimulating hormone and androgen effects at the testis level. The anti-androgenic action of CPA is based on its ability to competitively inhibit the binding of testosterone and dehydrotestosterone to androgen receptors. The block of intratesticular testosterone effect by CPA is presumed to cause a decrease in cell-adhesion molecule concentrations and contribute to the premature sloughing of permatids from the seminiferous epithelium, thereby resulting in the early disappearance of spermatozoa from the ejaculate. This regimen did not cause any changes in plasma HDL or other lipoproteins or affect liver function test results.
Neuropeptide Substance P induces mRNA expression and secretion of CXCL8 chemokine, and HDC in human umbilical cord blood mast cells (2008)

The expression, synthesis and release of CXCL8 suggest an increase of inflammatory process in vivo mediated by the recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells in inflamed tissues.
QMDDs: Efficient Quantum Function Representation and Manipulation (2015)

Quantum mechanical phenomena such as phase shifts, superposition, and entanglement show promise in use for computation. Suitable technologies for the modeling and design of quantum computers and other information processing techniques that exploit quantum mechanical principles are in the range of vision. Quantum algorithms that significantly speed up the process of solving several important computation problems have been proposed in the past. The most common representation of quantum mechanical phenomena are transformation matrices. However, the transformation matrices grow exponentially with the size of a quantum system and, thus, pose significant challenges for efficient representation and manipulation of quantum functionality. In order to address this problem, first approaches for the representation of quantum systems in terms of decision diagrams have been proposed. One very promising approach is given by Quantum Multiple-Valued Decision Diagrams (QMDDs) which are able to efficiently represent transformation matrices and also inherently support multiple-valued basis states offered by many physical quantum systems. However, the initial proposal of QMDDs was lacking in a formal basis and did not allow, e.g., the change of the variable order-an established core functionality in decision diagrams which is crucial for determining more compact representations. Because of this, the full potential of QMDDs or decision diagrams for quantum functionality in general has not been fully exploited yet. In this paper, we present a refined definition of QMDDs for the general quantum case. Furthermore, we provide significantly improved computational methods for their use and manipulation and show that the resulting representation satisfies important criteria for a decision diagram, i.e., compactness and canonicity. An experimental evaluation confirms the efficiency of QMDDs.
Frequency of TERT promoter mutations in human cancers (2013)

Reactivation of telomerase has been implicated in human tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report the presence of recurrent somatic mutations in the TERT promoter in cancers of the central nervous system (43%), bladder (59%), thyroid (follicular cell-derived, 10%) and skin (melanoma, 29%). In thyroid cancers, the presence of TERT promoter mutations (when occurring together with BRAF mutations) is significantly associated with higher TERT mRNA expression, and in glioblastoma we find a trend for increased telomerase expression in cases harbouring TERT promoter mutations. Both in thyroid cancers and glioblastoma, TERT promoter mutations are significantly associated with older age of the patients. Our results show that TERT promoter mutations are relatively frequent in specific types of human cancers, where they lead to enhanced expression of telomerase.
Présentation (1995)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Propofol effective concentration 50 and its relationship to bispectral index (2002)

Sixty unpremedicated healthy adult patients were studied during induction of anaesthesia with intravenous propofol delivered by a 'Diprifusor' target-controlled infusion. Bispectral index (BIS) and spectral edge frequency (SEF95) were measured concurrently with the predicted blood and effect site propofol concentrations. Logistic regression was used to calculate the predicted propofol blood and effect site concentrations required to produce unconsciousness and no response to a noxious stimulus in 50% and 95% of patients and to correlate BIS with these end-points. The Diprifusor TCI software produces anaesthesia at consistent target concentrations. Bispectral index correlates well with clinical end-points and may be useful during propofol anaesthesia.
Pädagogik in und nach der Wende. Ein Beispiel (1993)

Der Autor äußert sich zur Pädagogik in und nach der Wende. Er zeigt die neuen Möglichkeiten aber auch die Grenzen auf, die durch die Evaluation entstanden sind. (DIPF/Sch.)
Cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance flow and velocity measurements (1996)

With recent developments of MR techniques for blood flow measurements, qualitative and quantitative information on both flow volume and flow velocity in the major vessels can be obtained. MR flow quantitation uses the phase, rather than the amplitude of the MR signal, to reconstruct the images. Previous validation studies have demonstrated the accuracy of the phase shift techniques for measuring flow velocities. This technique is now being applied successfully in the cardiovascular system to quantify global and regional ventricular function, valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery disease, thoracic aortic disease, congenital heart disease, and ischemic heart disease.
Changes in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiota at Pulmonary Exacerbation (2013)

The magnitude of changes in the CF lung microbiota around the time of exacerbation was found to be largely dependent on community diversity and composition at baseline. Certain genera appear to play important roles in driving change in airway bacterial community composition at exacerbation. Gemella might play a direct role in and/or be a biomarker for pulmonary exacerbation.
Challenges for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Vaccine Design: Reviewing Virus Glycoprotein Interactions with CD163 and Targets of Virus Neutralization (2019)

One of the main participants associated with the onset and maintenance of the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) syndrome is porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus that has plagued the swine industry for 30 years. The development of effective PRRS vaccines, which deviate from live virus designs, would be an important step towards the control of PRRS. Potential vaccine antigens are found in the five surface proteins of the virus, which form covalent and multiple noncovalent interactions and possess hypervariable epitopes. Consequences of this complex surface structure include antigenic variability and escape from immunity, thus presenting challenges in the development of new vaccines capable of generating broadly sterilizing immunity. One potential vaccine target is the induction of antibody that disrupts the interaction between the macrophage CD163 receptor and the GP2, GP3, and GP4 heterotrimer that protrudes from the surface of the virion. Studies to understand this interaction by mapping mutations that appear following the escape of virus from neutralizing antibody identify the ectodomain regions of GP5 and M as important immune sites. As a target for antibody, GP5 possesses a conserved epitope flanked by N-glycosylation sites and hypervariable regions, a pattern of conserved epitopes shared by other viruses. Resolving this apparent conundrum is needed to advance PRRS vaccine development.
Characterization of the CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes propagated with bispecific monoclonal antibodies. (1989)

To study the CD4+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the antitumor response, we propagated these subsets directly from tumor tissues with anti-CD3:anti-CD8 (CD3,8) and anti-CD3:anti-CD4 (CD3,4) bispecific mAb (BSMAB). CD3,8 BSMAB cause selective cytolysis of CD8+ lymphocytes by bridging the CD8 molecules of target lymphocytes to the CD3 molecular complex of cytolytic T lymphocytes with concurrent activation and proliferation of residual CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes. Similarly, CD3,4 BSMAB cause selective lysis of CD4+ lymphocytes whereas concurrently activating the residual CD3+CD8+ T cells. Small tumor fragments from four malignant melanoma and three renal cell carcinoma patients were cultured in medium containing CD3,8 + IL-2, CD3,4 + IL-2, or IL-2 alone. CD3,8 led to selective propagation of the CD4+ TIL whereas CD3,4 led to selective propagation of the CD8+ TIL from each of the tumors. The phenotypes of the TIL subset cultures were generally stable when assayed over a 1 to 3 months period and after further expansion with anti-CD3 mAb or lectins. Specific 51Cr release of labeled target cells that were bridged to the CD3 molecular complexes of TIL suggested that both CD4+ and CD8+ TIL cultures have the capacity of mediating cytolysis via their Ti/CD3 TCR complexes. In addition, both CD4+ and CD8+ TIL cultures from most patients caused substantial (greater than 20%) lysis of the NK-sensitive K562 cell line. The majority of CD4+ but not CD8+ TIL cultures also produced substantial lysis of the NK-resistant Daudi cell line. Lysis of the autologous tumor by the TIL subsets was assessed in two patients with malignant melanoma. The CD8+ TIL from one tumor demonstrated cytotoxic activity against the autologous tumor but negligible lysis of allogeneic melanoma targets. In conclusion, immunocompetent CD4+ and CD8+ TIL subsets can be isolated and expanded directly from small tumor fragments of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma using BSMAB. The resultant TIL subsets can be further expanded for detailed studies or for adoptive immunotherapy.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in transplantation (2010)

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that MDSCs are important physiological regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Now, accumulating studies suggest that this concept can be transposed to the early and late transplantation immunity. Nevertheless, additional studies with mechanistic approaches in animal together with studies in human are required to better define their position and their interactions with immunosuppressive drugs.
Piecing together the segmentation jigsaw using context (2011)

We present an approach to jointly solve the segmentation and recognition problem using a multiple segmentation framework. We formulate the problem as segment selection from a pool of segments, assigning each selected segment a class label. Previous multiple segmentation approaches used local appearance matching to select segments in a greedy manner. In contrast, our approach formulates a cost function based on contextual information in conjunction with appearance matching. This relaxed cost function formulation is minimized using an efficient quadratic programming solver and an approximate solution is obtained by discretizing the relaxed solution. Our approach improves labeling performance compared to other segmentation based recognition approaches.
Effect of particle size and surface structure on adsorption of O and OH on platinum nanoparticles: A first-principles study (2008)

Using first-principles density functional theory, we study the effect of particle size and surface structure on the chemisorption energy of OH and O on nanoparticles of Pt. We find that the chemisorption energies of O and OH are strongly affected by the size and structure of the Pt particle varying by up to $1.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ at different adsorption sites and particle sizes.
Expression analysis of liver-specific circulating microRNAs in HCV-induced hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients (2018)

The results indicated that the measurement of serum levels of miR-125a, miR-139, miR-145, and miR-199a can help to differentiate HCC from CHC and LC. Also, miR-16, miR-34a, and miR-221 serum levels would have a prognostic value. MiR-34a had the highest specificity and sensitivity, indicating that it might serve as a novel and potential non-invasive biomarker for HCV-induced HCC.
Indolyl- und Pyrrolylsilane – Synthese und Kristallstruktur / Indolyl- and Pyrrolylsilanes – Syntheses and Crystal Structures (1995)

Lithium indolide and lithium pyrrolide react with fluoro- and chlorosilanes with formation of mono- and bis(indol-1-yl)- and -(pyrrol-1-yl)silanes, tris- and tetrakis(pyrrol-1-yl)silanes as well as of silanes substituted with different heteroaromatic systems. The crystal structures of the lithium indolide and the tetrakis(pyrrol-1-yl)silane have been determined and are discussed.
Combining Program Analysis and Statistical Language Model for Code Statement Completion (2019)

Automatic code completion helps improve developers' productivity in their programming tasks. A program contains instructions expressed via code statements, which are considered as the basic units of program execution. In this paper, we introduce AutoSC, which combines program analysis and the principle of software naturalness to fill in a partially completed statement. AutoSC benefits from the strengths of both directions, in which the completed code statement is both frequent and valid. AutoSC is first trained on a large code corpus to derive the templates of candidate statements. Then, it uses program analysis to validate and concretize the templates into syntactically and type-valid candidate statements. Finally, these candidates are ranked by using a language model trained on the lexical form of the source code in the code corpus. Our empirical evaluation on the large datasets of real-world projects shows that AutoSC achieves 38.9-41.3% top-1 accuracy and 48.2-50.1% top-5 accuracy in statement completion. It also outperforms a state-of-the-art approach from 9X-69X in top-1 accuracy.
Expression of the Lipid Transporters ABCA3 and ABCA1 is Diminished in Human Breast Cancer Tissue (2009)

ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA3 and ABCA1 are related to a differentiated, lipid-secreting phenotype of type II pneumocytes. Since mammary gland epithelial cells also show pronounced lipid metabolism and secretion, we investigated the expression of these proteins in normal as well as in neoplastic breast tissue. Normal human breast tissue, breast cancer cell lines, and 162 tumor samples of patients with primary unilateral invasive breast cancer were analyzed for ABCA3 and ABCA1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. Strong ABCA3 and ABCA1 expression was found in the inner layer of normal mammary gland epithelium. Concurrent cytoplasmic ABCA3 and ABCA1 immunoreactivity was found in 9 of 11 breast cancer cell lines. ABCA3 and ABCA1 were shown to be differentially expressed in human breast cancer. Loss of ABCA3 staining was significantly associated with positive nodal status and negative progesterone receptor expression. In multivariate analysis, diminished ABCA3 expression proved to be a significant, independent and adverse risk factor for tumor recurrence. ABCA1 expression was associated with positive lymph nodes, but not significantly associated with tumor recurrence or breast cancer-specific survival. ABCA3 and ABCA1 are strongly expressed in normal mammary gland epithelium. Decreased ABCA3 expression in breast cancer seems to be associated with poor prognosis.
The Co-ordination of Chitosan and Chitin Synthesis in Mucor rouxii (1984)

Chitin synthetase preparations from cell walls and chitosomes of the fungus Mucor rouxii were tested for their ability to synthesize chitosan when incubated with uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of chitin deacetylase. The most effective chitin synthetase preparation was one dissociated from cell walls with digitonin. The rate of chitosan synthesis by the wall-dissociated chitin synthetase was about three times that of an equivalent amount of cell walls. The chitosan-synthesizing ability of chitosomes was relatively low, but was more than tripled by treatment with digitonin. Presumably, digitonin improves chitosan yields of dissociating chitin synthetase. The dissociated enzyme would produce dispersed chitin chains that could be attacked by chitin deacetylase before they have time to crystallize into microfibrils. The regulation of chitin and chitosan syntheses in vivo may be determined by the organization of chitin synthetase molecules at the cell surface. Those molecules that remain organized as a complex, similar if not identical to that found in chitosomes, would produce mainly chitin. Chitosan would be preferentially produced by chitin synthetase molecules which are dispersed upon reaching the cell surface.
Vaginal colonization and activity of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum L23 in a murine model of vaginal tract infection (2009)

A strain of Lactobacillus, identified as Lactobacillus fermentum L23, was selected from among 100 strains isolated from vaginal swabs of healthy, non-pregnant, pre-menopausal women. L. fermentum L23 was chosen on the basis of its bacteriocinogenic ability and its properties relevant to colonization, i.e. self-aggregation, adherence to vaginal epithelial cells and co-aggregation with bacterial pathogens. The antimicrobial preventative and curative effects produced by the probiotic L. fermentum L23 administered locally against Escherichia coli in a murine vaginal tract infection model were studied. One dose of the human strain L23 containing 10(8) c.f.u. ml(-1) colonized and persisted in the vaginal tract of the female BALB/c mice for 5 days. Infection with the pathogen at 10(6) c.f.u. ml(-1) in the vaginal tract was maintained for more than 7 days. A single dose of L23 administered 24 h pre-infection inhibited E. coli growth on day 3 post-infection, showing the preventative effect displayed by this Lactobacillus strain. Treatment with L. fermentum L23 during the post-infection period showed complete inhibition of pathogen growth from day 5. Thus, this in vivo study indicated that the probiotic bacterium L. fermentum L23 produced both preventative and curative effects on E. coli growth. The beneficial properties and the production of antimicrobial metabolites may act in situ to inhibit a pathogenic micro-organism within the vaginal environment. Strain L23 could be a good natural alternative to other therapies used for genital infections.
Image Analysis of the Growth of Globodera pallida and Meloidogyne incognita on Transgenic Tomato Roots Expressing Cystatins. (1996)

An approach based on image analysis that enables rapid collection and analysis of nematode size and shape during growth is reported. This technique has been applied to assess Meloidogyne incognita and Globodera pallida during their development over 35 and 42 days, respectively, on transgenic tomato roots expressing the wild-type rice cystatin Oc-I or an engineered variant, Oc-IAD86. Morphometric values were established that subdivided enlarged saccate females from other life stages. Analysis of this data subset indicates that the size of females and the frequency with which they parasitize roots expressing a cystatin are reduced. Results also demonstrate that cystatins can influence the growth of G. pallida prior to the adult stage. Similar image analysis procedures should be generally applicable to the study of host status or erivironmental factors that influence growth rates of plant-parasitic nematodes.
Dynamic flight stability of a hovering bumblebee (2005)

The longitudinal dynamic flight stability of a hovering bumblebee was studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics to compute the aerodynamic derivatives and the techniques of eigenvalue and eigenvector analysis for solving the equations of motion. For the longitudinal disturbed motion, three natural modes were identified: one unstable oscillatory mode, one stable fast subsidence mode and one stable slow subsidence mode. The unstable oscillatory mode consists of pitching and horizontal moving oscillations with negligible vertical motion. The period of the oscillations is 0.32 s (approx. 50 times the wingbeat period of the bumblebee). The oscillations double in amplitude in 0.1 s; coupling of nose-up pitching with forward horizontal motion (and nose-down pitching with backward horizontal motion) in this mode causes the instability. The stable fast subsidence mode consists of monotonic pitching and horizontal motions, which decay to half of the starting values in 0.024 s. The stable slow subsidence mode is mainly a monotonic descending (or ascending) motion, which decays to half of its starting value in 0.37 s. Due to the unstable oscillatory mode, the hovering flight of the bumblebee is dynamically unstable. However, the instability might not be a great problem to a bumblebee that tries to stay hovering: the time for the initial disturbances to double (0.1 s) is more than 15 times the wingbeat period (6.4 ms), and the bumblebee has plenty of time to adjust its wing motion before the disturbances grow large.
Efficient Design and Implementation of LTE Downlink Control Information Decoder (2014)

 Abstract—The decoding of Downlink Control Information (DCI) in LTE is based upon a process that is defined as a blind decoding which depends on a number of decoding attempts on a number of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) candidate locations for a number of defined DCI formats. In this paper, two proposed designs for DCI decoder are presented. The first decodes based upon monitoring PDCCH candidate locations serially. This design can perform the whole 44 decoding attempts within 87.3 % of the whole OFDM symbol time with extended cyclic prefix. So, it's well suited for Multicast/Broadcast over Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes. However, this design doesn't meet the worst-case time of an LTE OFDM symbol with normal cyclic prefix. Therefore, a second design is proposed that exploits parallelism to enable fast blind decoding process. The proposed parallel design proves efficiency in meeting decoding time constraints besides, consuming a little power with a proven efficiency in utilization area perspective. The proposed parallel design performs all of 44 decoding attempts in a time of 7.8 µs which is only 11.7 % of an LTE useful OFDM symbol time with a logic power consumption of only 17000 µW. The proposed designs are simulated using Modelsim 6.4a and implemented in Plan Ahead 14.4 in 28 nm technology, Virtex7 FPGA kit of part number XC7V2000T, which is characterized by high performance and large capacity.