gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and evaluation of an intraocular B-scan OCT-guided 36-gauge needle (2015)

Optical coherence tomography imaging is widely used in ophthalmology and optometry clinics for diagnosing retinal disorders. External microscope-mounted OCT operating room systems have imaged retinal changes immediately following surgical manipulations. However, the goal is to image critical surgical maneuvers in real time. External microscope-mounted OCT systems have some limitations with problems tracking constantly moving intraocular surgical instruments, and formation of absolute shadows by the metallic surgical instruments upon the underlying tissues of interest. An intraocular OCT-imaging probe was developed to resolve these problems. A disposable 25-gauge probe tip extended beyond the handpiece, with a 36-gauge needle welded to a disposable tip with its end extending an additional 3.5 mm. A sealed 0.35 mm diameter GRIN lens protected the fiber scanner and focused the scanning beam at a 3 to 4 mm distance. The OCT engine was a very high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) system (870 nm, Bioptigen, Inc. Durham, NC) which produced 2000 A-scan lines per B-scan image at a frequency of 5 Hz with the fiber optic oscillations matched to this frequency. Real-time imaging of the needle tip as it touched infrared paper was performed. The B-scan OCT-needle was capable of real-time performance and imaging of the phantom material. In the future, the B-scan OCT-guided needle will be used to perform sub-retinal injections.
Novel catalytic dehydrogenative polymerization for polyquinoline synthesis (1986)

L. Y. Chiang and R. R. Chianelli, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 1461 DOI: 10.1039/C39860001461
Further characterization of the human cell multiprotein DNA replication complex (1995)

Evidence for multiprotein complexes playing a role in DNA replication has been growing over the years. We have previously reported on a replication-competent multiprotein form of DNA polymerase isolated from human (HeLa) cell extracts. The proteins that were found at that time to co-purify with the human cell multiprotein form of DNA polymerase included: DNA polymerase alpha, DNA primase, topoisomerase I, RNase H, PCNA, and a DNA-dependent ATPase. The multiprotein form of the human cell DNA polymerase was further purified by Q-Sepharose chromatography followed by glycerol gradient sedimentation and was shown to be fully competent to support origin-specific and large T-antigen dependent simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in vitro [Malkas et al. (1990b): Biochemistry 29:6362-6374]. In this report we describe the further characterization of the human cell replication-competent multiprotein form of DNA polymerase designated MRC. Several additional DNA replication proteins that co-purify with the MRC have been identified. These proteins include: DNA polymerase delta, RF-C, topoisomerase II, DNA ligase I, DNA helicase, and RP-A. The replication requirements, replication initiation kinetics, and the ability of the MRC to utilize minichromosome structures for DNA synthesis have been determined. We also report on the results of experiments to determine whether nucleotide metabolism enzymes co-purify with the human cell MRC. We recently proposed a model to represent the MRC that was isolated from murine cells [Wu et al. (1994): J Cell Biochem 54:32-46]. We can now extend this model to include the human cell MRC based on the fractionation, chromatographic and sedimentation behavior of the human cell DNA replication proteins. A full description of the model is discussed. Our experimental results provide further evidence to suggest that DNA synthesis is mediated by a multiprotein complex in mammalian cells.
Estimation of clock errors in underwater acoustic instruments (2019)

All underwater acoustic sensors require accurate on-board clocks for subsequent data analysis and interpretation. Unfortunately, most clock oscillators change their frequency over time, which occurs due to environmental changes, aging, and other factors. Typically, clock errors are accounted for by referencing the instrument clock to a known accurate clock (such as GPS) before and after the deployment and applying a correction during data post-processing. This method, however, does not accurately estimate clock errors during a specific experimental event. A method to estimate clock performance during the specific event of interest has been developed. It is shown that advanced signal processing techniques can be used to accurately reconstruct the motion of the acoustic source, which, in turn, can improve the accuracy of the acoustic receivers deployed on the seafloor in the deep ocean. A small subset of data collected on the last day of the Ocean Bottom Seismometer Augmentation in the North Pacific (OBSANP) Experiment in June–July 2013 is analyzed for the demonstration of these techniques. [Work supported by the MITRE Corporation’s R&D Program.]
Design of a Linear Bistable Compliant Crank–Slider Mechanism (2016)

This paper presents a new model for a linear bistable compliant mechanism and design guidelines for its use. The mechanism is based on the crank–slider mechanism. This model takes into account the first mode of buckling and postbuckling behavior of a compliant segment to describe the mechanism's bistable behavior. The kinetic and kinematic equations, derived from the pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM), were solved numerically and are represented in plots. This representation allows the generation of step-by-step design guidelines. The design parameters consist of maximum desired deflection, material selection, safety factor, compliant segments' widths, maximum force required for actuator selection, and maximum footprint (i.e., the maximum rectangular area that the mechanism can fit inside of and move freely without interfering with other components). Because different applications may have different input requirements, this paper describes two different design approaches with different parameters subsets as inputs. The linear bistable compliant crank–slider mechanism (LBCCSM) can be used in the shape-morphing space-frame (SMSF) as potential application. The frame's initial shape is constructed from a single-layer grid of flexures, rigid links, and LBCCSMs. The grid is bent into the space-frame's initial cylindrical shape, which can morph because of the inclusion of LBCCSMs in its structure.
Trellis coding in a discrete multitone modulation system (1996)

Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulation is a multicarrier technique which makes efficient use of the channel, maximizing the throughput by sending different numbers of bits on different subchannels. The number of bits on each subchannel depends on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of the subchannel. The performance of a DMT system can be further increased by using powerful coding techniques. This paper investigates an implementation of trellis coded modulation in a DMT system intended for transmission over short copper cables, less than 1000m. We suggested trellis code is Wei's 4-dimensional 16-state coder combined with trellis shaping. A single encoder is used which codes across the tones of each DMT-symbol. At a bit error probability of 10-7, the suggested code gains 4-5 dB over uncoded transmission.
Menu-based natural language understanding (1983)

This paper describes the NLMenu System, a menu-based natural language understanding system. Rather than requiring the user to type his input to the system, input to NLMenu is made by selecting items from a set of dynamically changing menus. Active menus and items are determined by a predictive left-corner parser that accesses a semantic grammar and lexicon. The advantage of this approach is that all inputs to the NLMenu System can be understood thus giving a 0% failure rate. A companion system that can automatically generate interfaces to relational databases is also discussed.
Inhibition of Beta‐Amyloid Peptide Aggregation by Multifunctional Carbazole‐Based Fluorophores (2011)

Stopping aggregation: Carbazole-based cyanine fluorophores bind selectively to the Aβ(1–40) peptide and its aggregates which are responsible for causing Alzheimer's disease. One of these fluorophores, SLOH, exerts a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ(1–40) fibrillogenesis (see scheme) and can pass through the blood-brain barrier making it a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Development of Hydrogen-Rich Benzoxazine Resins with Low Polymerization Temperature for Space Radiation Shielding (2018)

A systematic study has been carried out to develop a material with significant protection properties from galactic cosmic radiation and solar energetic particles. The research focused on the development of hydrogen-rich benzoxazines, which are particularly effective for shielding against such radiation. Newly developed benzoxazine resin can be polymerized at 120 °C, which meets the low-temperature processing requirements for use with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, a hydrogen-rich composite reinforcement. This highly reactive benzoxazine resin also exhibits low viscosity and good shelf-life. The structure of the benzoxazine monomer is confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polymerization behavior and thermal properties are evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Dynamic mechanical analysis is used to study chemorheological properties of the benzoxazine monomer, rheological properties of the cross-linked polybenzoxazine, and rheological properties of UHMWPE-reinforced polybenzoxazine composites. The theoretical radiation shielding capability of the composite is also evaluated using computer-based simulations.
Molecularly Imprinted Ion-Exchange Resin for Fe<sup>3+</sup> (2005)

Abstract Ion exchange resins selective for the sequestration of Fe3+ from aqueous solutions containing citrate were prepared by the molecular imprinting technique. Sorption characteristics of imprinted resins prepared with high (85 mole%) and low (3 mole%) amounts of covalent cross‐linking were examined. Experiments to determine loading capacity and selectivity, relative to several metal ions of physiological significance, were performed. The Fe3+ capacity of the highly cross‐linked resin was larger but the selectivity was lower. Keywords: Molecularly imprinted polymerion exchangeferric ionhemochomatosis Acknowledgment This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through grant number DE‐FG07‐97ER14823.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Stegobinone via Boronic Ester Chemistry (1996)

Highly stereoselective asymmetric boronic ester chemistry has been used to install all three chiral centers in a convergent synthesis of highly pure stegobinone, the epimerically labile pheromone of the drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum, and the furniture beetle, Anobium punctatum. Asymmetric centers were installed via the reaction of (dichloromethyl)lithium with 1,2-dicyclohexylethane-1,2-diol boronic esters. The synthetic strategy utilizes a common (α-chloroalkyl)boronic ester intermediate as the source of both segments and all of the asymmetry of the target molecule. The two segments are joined by an aldol condensation and converted to stegobiol, a minor component of the S. paniceum pheromone and presumably the biogenetic precursor of stegobinone. Stegobiol is stable and easily purified, and is easily converted to pure stegobinone in a single oxidation step.
Method for facile and accurate measurement of optical fiber dispersion maps (2002)

There is a great need for accurate and convenient measurement of the chromatic dispersion parameter, D, as a function of distance along a span of dispersion-shifted fiber. While other methods have been proposed and tested for the determination of such dispersion maps, those methods really measure /spl lambda//sub 0/, the wavelength of zero dispersion, rather than D itself. They further require extensive data-taking over a considerable wavelength range, so that the measurements for just one map tend to take a long time. By contrast, the method we describe measures the map D(/spl lambda//sub i/,z) directly, where /spl lambda//sub i/ is the wavelength of one of the two fixed-wavelength sources used, and the data for a given map can be taken (including many repetitions for signal-averaging), processed, and displayed, in just a few seconds. The method also requires access to only one end of the fiber. Our method for measuring D is based on either of the two strongest four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. The method thus involves launching, simultaneously, strong, submicrosecond pulses at two pump wavelengths into the fiber, so that they may generate FWM product fields at Stokes and anti-Stokes wavelengths, sequentially in each part of the fiber.
1-(6-Chloronicotinyl)-2-nitroimino-imidazolidines and Related Compounds as Potential New Insecticides (1992)

Journal Article 1-(6-Chloronicotinyl)-2-nitroimino-imidazolidines and Related Compounds as Potential New Insecticides Get access Koichi Moriya, Koichi Moriya Yuki Research Center, Nihon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd., Yuki, Ibaraki 307, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuhiko Shibuya, Katsuhiko Shibuya Yuki Research Center, Nihon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd., Yuki, Ibaraki 307, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yumi Hattori, Yumi Hattori Yuki Research Center, Nihon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd., Yuki, Ibaraki 307, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shin-ichi Tsuboi, Shin-ichi Tsuboi Yuki Research Center, Nihon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd., Yuki, Ibaraki 307, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kozo Shiokawa, Kozo Shiokawa Yuki Research Center, Nihon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd., Yuki, Ibaraki 307, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shinzo Kagabu Shinzo Kagabu Yuki Research Center, Nihon Bayer Agrochem Co., Ltd., Yuki, Ibaraki 307, JapanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Gifu University, Gifu 501–11, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 56, Issue 2, 1 January 1992, Pages 364–365, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.364 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 17 September 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
Reflective FLC optically addressed spatial light modulators with pixelated metal mirror and light-blocking layer (2000)

Abstract A reflective optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) with an amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) light-blocking layer (LBL) has been developed. The LBL is sandwiched in between an intrinsic hydrogenated silicon carbide (a-Si:C:H) photoconductor and a pixelated aluminum mirror. The FLC layer operating in Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (DHF) mode was used as a light modulating media. In order to realize the effective optical and electrical insulation of the photoconductor, the correlation between absorption and resistivity of the a-C:H LBL is described. The current-voltage dependencies of the a-Si:C:H / a-C:H thin film structures were investgated. The influence of the a-C:H LBL on the performance of the OASLMs is discussed. By using a-C:H as LBL it is possible to decouple read and write light beams in the range of wavelengths 400nm-650 nm.
Control of stem cell fate and function by engineering physical microenvironments (2012)

The phenotypic expression and function of stem cells are regulated by their integrated response to variable microenvironmental cues, including growth factors and cytokines, matrix-mediated signals, and cell–cell interactions. Recently, growing evidence suggests that matrix-mediated signals include mechanical stimuli such as strain, shear stress, substrate rigidity and topography, and these stimuli have a more profound impact on stem cell phenotypes than had previously been recognized, e.g. self-renewal and differentiation through the control of gene transcription and signaling pathways. Using a variety of cell culture models enabled by micro and nanoscale technologies, we are beginning to systematically and quantitatively investigate the integrated response of cells to combinations of relevant mechanobiological stimuli. This paper reviews recent advances in engineering physical stimuli for stem cell mechanobiology and discusses how micro- and nanoscale engineered platforms can be used to control stem cell niche environments and regulate stem cell fate and function.
Use of a physiologic oral glucose solution for screening for impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1996)

The physiologic 50-g solution uses less glucose, is highly palatable, and is similar in sweetness and carbohydrate concentration to commonly consumed soda beverages. A larger study including more patients with impaired glucose tolerance will need to be performed to verify our conclusions. The ability to perform high-sensitivity and high-specificity screening for patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance with a single timed blood sample could make mass screening more practical.
Electrode System for the Determination of Microbial Populations (1979)

Determinations of microbial populations were carried out by using a new electrode system composed of two electrodes. Each electrode was constructed from a platinum anode and a silver peroxide cathode. The anode of the reference electrode was covered with cellulose dialysis membrane. The response time of the electrode system was 15 min in culture broth, and current differences between the two electrodes were proportional to populations of microbial cells in cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus fermentum. Current differences were reproducible; the average relative error was 5%. Furthermore, cell populations of S. cerevisiae in a fermentor could be continuously estimated by using this electrochemical method.
Real time coarse orientation detection in MR scans using multi-planar deep convolutional neural networks (2017)

Automatically detecting anatomy orientation is an important task in medical image analysis. Specifically, the ability to automatically detect coarse orientation of structures is useful to minimize the effort of fine/accurate orientation detection algorithms, to initialize non-rigid deformable registration algorithms or to align models to target structures in model-based segmentation algorithms. In this work, we present a deep convolution neural network (DCNN)-based method for fast and robust detection of the coarse structure orientation, i.e., the hemi-sphere where the principal axis of a structure lies. That is, our algorithm predicts whether the principal orientation of a structure is in the northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere, which we will refer to as UP and DOWN, respectively, in the remainder of this manuscript. The only assumption of our method is that the entire structure is located within the scan’s field-of-view (FOV). To efficiently solve the problem in 3D space, we formulated it as a multi-planar 2D deep learning problem. In the training stage, a large number coronal-sagittal slice pairs are constructed as 2-channel images to train a DCNN to classify whether a scan is UP or DOWN. During testing, we randomly sample a small number of coronal-sagittal 2-channel images and pass them through our trained network. Finally, coarse structure orientation is determined using majority voting. We tested our method on 114 Elbow MR Scans. Experimental results suggest that only five 2-channel images are sufficient to achieve a high success rate of 97.39%. Our method is also extremely fast and takes approximately 50 milliseconds per 3D MR scan. Our method is insensitive to the location of the structure in the FOV.
A novel micromachining technique for the formation of extrusions (1997)

A novel micro-extrusion process (MEP) has been developed for micromachining applications. Extrusions on the micrometer scale were realized using the compressive stresses resulting from electromigration-induced mass transport in planarized conductors. Electromigration produced compressive stresses at the anodes of passivated metallic interconnects that exceeded the plastic deformation stress, and allowed extrusions to form through simple die patterns etched through the passivation at the anode ends of edge-displacement conductor segments.
Improvement on 150 mm 4H-SiC Epitaxial Wafer Quality (2016)

For the popularization of SiC power device, improvement on both productivity and quality of 150 mm diameter SiC epitaxial wafer is inevitable. With highly productive 8x150-mm CVD reactor, we have grown epitaxial layer on 4° off 4H-SiC wafer Si-and C-face. Modifying some reactor parts and optimizing growth conditions enabled us to achieve a good balance between high uniformity and smooth surface.
Format-independent scalable bit-stream adaptation using mpeg-21 dia (2005)

Part 7 of MPEG-21 entitled digital item adaptation (DIA), is an emerging metadata standard defining protocols and descriptions enabling content adaptation for a wide variety of networks and terminals, with emphasis on format-independent mechanisms. The DIA descriptions provide a standardized interface not only to a variety of format-specific adaptation engines, but also to a fully format-independent adaptation engine for scalable bit-streams. A format-independent engine contains a decision-taking module operating in a semantics-independent manner, cascaded with a bit-stream adaptation module that uses an XML transformation to model the bit-stream adaptation process using parameters derived from decisions made. In this paper, we describe the DIA descriptions that enable such fully format-independent bit-stream adaptation. Universal adaptation engines substantially reduce the adoption costs because the same infrastructure can be used for different types of scalable media, including proprietary and encrypted.
ProC® Global: the first functional screening assay for the complete protein C pathway (1997)

Abstract In clinical practice, venous thromboembolic complications are much more frequent than bleeding disorders. In fact, disturbances within the protein C pathway due to coagulation factor V (FV) Leiden mutation and deficiency of protein C or protein S are the most frequent abnormalities in hereditary thrombophilia. Furthermore, acquired dysfunctions of the protein C system may predispose the single individual to an increased thrombotic risk. A routine-suited screening assay that would allow the monitoring of the proper interplay of factors in the protein C pathway could add an important factor to the basic coagulation profile. This consists of the prothrombin time and of the activated partial thromboplastin time, which currently allow only a screening for increased risk for bleeding but not for venous thromboembolism. A new functional screening test for the protein C system such as the presented ProC® Global should therefore facilitate detection of FV Leiden as well as deficiency of protein C and protein S. The results of the present evaluation indicate that ProC Global is highly sensitive to activated protein C resistance/FV Leiden (100%) and protein C deficiency (90%) and sensitive to protein S deficiency (63%). Furthermore, the assay gives a quantitative measure of the net potential of the protein C pathway in relation to the intrinsic procoagulant system. The use of this assay for a prospective assessment of thromboembolic risk is the subject of current studies.