gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sepsis-induced brain dysfunction (2013)

Systemic infection is often revealed by or associated with brain dysfunction, which is characterized by alteration of consciousness, ranging from delirium to coma, seizure or focal neurological signs. Its pathophysiology involves an ischemic process, secondary to impairment of cerebral perfusion and its determinants and a neuroinflammatory process that includes endothelial activation, alteration of the blood-brain barrier and passage of neurotoxic mediators. Microcirculatory dysfunction is common to these two processes. This brain dysfunction is associated with increased mortality, morbidity and long-term cognitive disability. Its diagnosis relies essentially on neurological examination that can lead to specific investigations, including electrophysiological testing or neuroimaging. In practice, cerebrospinal fluid analysis is indisputably required when meningitis is suspected. Hepatic, uremic or respiratory encephalopathy, metabolic disturbances, drug overdose, sedative or opioid withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal delirium or Wernicke's encephalopathy are the main differential diagnoses. Currently, treatment consists mainly of controlling sepsis. The effects of insulin therapy and steroids need to be assessed. Various drugs acting on sepsis-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction, brain oxidative stress and inflammation have been tested in septic animals but not yet in patients.
Identification and location of .alpha.-helices in mammalian cytochromes P450 (1989)

A model of the alpha-helical structure of mammalian cytochromes P450 is proposed. The location and sequence of alpha-helices in mammalian cytochromes P450 were predicted from their homology with those of cytochrome P450cam, and these sequences were generally confirmed as helical in nature by using a secondary structure prediction method. These analyses were applied to 26 sequences in 6 gene families of cytochrome P450. Mammalian cytochromes P450 consist of approximately 100 amino acid residues more than cytochrome P450cam. This difference was accounted for by three major areas of insertion: (1) at the N-terminus, (2) between helices C and D and between helices D and E, and (3) between helices J and K. Insertion 1 has been suggested by others as a membrane anchoring sequence, but the apparent insertions at 2 and 3 are novel observations; it is suggested that they may be involved in the binding of cytochrome P450 reductase. Only the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 family appeared to show a major variation from this pattern, as insertion 2 was absent, replaced by an insertion between helices G and H and between helices H and I. This may reflect the difference in electron donor proteins that bind to members of this cytochrome P450 family. Other than these differences the model of mammalian cytochromes P450 proposed maintains the general structure of cytochrome P450cam as determined by its alpha-helical composition.
Potent Bifunctional Anticoagulants:  Kunitz Domain−Tissue Factor Fusion Proteins (1997)

A strategy to design potent antagonists of human coagulation factor VIIa (FVIIa) by linking two proteins that independently inhibit activity and bind at separate, nonoverlapping sites is presented. A bifunctional inhibitor (KDTF5), comprising a Kunitz-type domain engineered to inhibit the FVIIa active site and a soluble tissue factor (TF) variant that is defective as a cofactor for factor X (FX) activation, was developed from structure-based modeling of a ternary FVIIa-Kunitz domain-TF complex. KDTF5 inhibited FVIIa-dependent FX activation with a Ki* of 235 +/- 45 pM, a 193-fold and 398-fold increase in potency compared to the TF variant and Kunitz domain individually. Similarly, KDTF5 was a more potent anticoagulant in vitro compared to either inhibitory domain alone. The results demonstrate the harnessing of a macromolecular chelate effect by fusing two inhibitory ligands that bind a target at spatially distinct sites.
Identification of Cardiac Troponin I Sequence Motifs Leading to Heart Failure by Induction of Myocardial Inflammation and Fibrosis (2008)

Transfer of troponin I-specific T cells can induce inflammation and fibrosis in wild-type mice, which leads to deterioration of contractile function. Furthermore, 2 sequence motifs of cTnI that induce inflammation and fibrosis in the myocardium are characterized.
Pinhole SPECT of mice using the LumaGEM gamma camera (2001)

LumaGEM is a newly developed gamma camera for dedicated, small field of view, high spatial resolution imaging. The system consists of an array of 2/spl times/2/spl times/6 mm/sup 3/ NaI(Tl) pixels coupled to an array of position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. It has a 125/spl times/125 mm/sup 2/ field of view. A pinhole collimator was used on LumaGEM to acquire SPECT images of mice that had transgenic modifications so as to model various diseases. Pinhole apertures of 1, 2 and 3 mm are interchangeable on the collimator and were used to acquire images. An iterative MLEM algorithm for pinhole SPECT was used to reconstruct the 128 projection images that covered 360/spl deg/ rotation. The reconstruction algorithm is based on a projector and backprojector pair implemented using a ray-tracing algorithm. The crucial reconstruction input parameters are the radius of rotation, center of rotation, and pinhole focal length. Ideal pinhole geometry is assumed, and no correction for attenuation has been made. The preliminary images presented here show detailed uptake in the mice subjects and are a convincing sign that animal SPECT can reach submillimeter spatial resolution and be a valuable tool in the study of diseases and the development of pharmaceuticals in animal models.
Negative surplus charge of coated erythrocytes. (1979)

The effect on the net negative surface charge of single or multiple coating of erythrocytes was studied on human group A red cells previously washed and fixed. Single coating with either group A antiserum or protectin decreased the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes by 16% and 13%, respectively. Following an incubation in group A glycophorin or bovine submaxillary mucin of agglutinin coated cells, the electrophoretic mobility was restored or slightly increased compared with uncoated erythrocytes. Upon repeating this scheme, the second agglutinin binding again reduced these cells' cytophoretic mobility, and they were accelerated once more by a second coating with acid glycoprotein. Intensity and homogeneity of colloidal iron staining of uncoated and variously coated erythrocytes reflected their electrophoretic retardation and acceleration, respectively.
miRmine: a database of human miRNA expression profiles (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An Energy-Efficient 15-Bit Capacitive-Sensor Interface Based on Period Modulation (2012)

This paper presents an energy-efficient capacitive-sensor interface with a period-modulated output signal. This interface converts the sensor capacitance to a time interval, which can be easily digitized by a simple digital counter. It is based on a relaxation oscillator consisting of an integrator and a comparator. To enable the use of a current-efficient telescopic OTA in the integrator, negative feedback loops are applied to limit the integrator's output swing. To obtain an accurate ratiometric output signal, auto-calibration is applied. This eliminates errors due to comparator delay, thus enabling the use of a low-power comparator. Based on an analysis of the stability of the negative feedback loops, it is shown how the current consumption of the interface can be traded for its ability to handle parasitic capacitors. A prototype fabricated in 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology can handle parasitic capacitors up to five times larger than the sensor capacitance. Experimental results show that it achieves 15-bit resolution and 12-bit linearity within a measurement time of 7.6 ms for sensor capacitances up to 6.8 pF, while consuming only 64 μA from a 3.3 V power supply. Compared to prior work with similar performance, this represents a significant improvement in energy efficiency.
Advanced controller research for multi‐MW wind turbines in the UPWIND project (2011)

ABSTRACT Further improvements in the cost‐effectiveness of wind turbines drives designers towards larger, lighter, more flexiblestructures in which more ‘intelligent’ control systems play an important part in actively reducing the applied structural loads, avoiding the need for wind turbines to simply withstand the full force of the applied loads through the use of stronger, heavier and therefore more expensive structures. Controller research within the UPWIND project has been aimed at further developing such control strategies and ensuring that new, often larger and innovative turbines can be designed to use these techniques from the start. For this to be possible, it is important to build up full confidence in the effectiveness and the reliability of these strategies in all situations. To this end, the work reported in this paper covers several different aspects: full‐scale field testing to build confidence in the effectiveness of advanced control strategies; further development of advanced control strategies to prevent unwelcome side effects in any of the load cases that have to be considered during the design; the possibility of blades employing dual‐pitch control; development of load estimation techniques that can reduce reliance on additional sensors that would otherwise be required; investigating the potential of light detection and ranging assisted feed‐forward pitch control to mitigate extreme and fatigue loads; using system identification methods to improve controller tuning. The detailed results of the work presented in this paper are available in the published reports of the Control Systems work package of the UPWIND project. These reports also cover other results of the work package, which are not reported here, such as control during network faults such as voltage dips, voltage control at the point of connection to the network and gradual cut‐out of wind turbines to improve output predictability in high winds. A summary report is also available. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of CO<sub>2</sub>precipitated Kraft lignin to promote its utilization (2009)

Converting pulp mills into forest biorefineries to produce biopower and biomaterials can decrease their environmental impact and increase feasibility at the same time. One of the key challenges to reach this goal is the recovery of lignin from process streams for subsequent utilization in a variety of innovative green processes. This study examines the fundamental chemical structure of lignin recovered from Kraft pulping streams by an acid precipitation/washing methodology. Functional group analysis and molecular weight profiles were determined by NMR and SEC with promising results for future conversions; such as low hydroxyl (oxygen) contents and low molecular weights (∼3000 g mol−1).
Inhibitory effect of whole bee venom in adjuvant-induced arthritis. (2005)

The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of whole bee venom (BV) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat. Rats were divided into pre-apitherapy, post-apitherapy and control experimental groups. The pre-apitherapy group was subcutaneously stung with a honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and the control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution one day prior to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. The post-apitherapy group was subcutaneously stung with a honeybee on day 14 after CFA injection. When arthritis had developed in the rat, the post-apitherapy group was subcutaneously administered whole BV every other day for a further 14 days. Clinical signs, hematological values and radioglogical features were observed during the entire experimental period. In the pre-apitherapy group, the development of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis was inhibited. Significant differences in lameness score, hind paw edema volume and radiological features were observed between control and pre-apitherapy rats. White blood cell counts indicated that the degree of leucocytosis was significantly different between the pre-apitherapy and control groups (p < 0.01). Inflammatory edema, polyarthritis and bone change into the right hind paw were effectively inhibited in pre-apitherapy rats during the two-week period post-CFA injection. In conclusion, whole BV was found to inhibit arthritic inflammation and bone changes in the rat. This may be an alternative treatment for arthritis in humans.
K+ and Ionic Strength Directly Influence the Autophosphorylation Activity of the Putative Turgor Sensor KdpD ofEscherichia coli (2000)

The membrane-bound histidine kinase KdpD is a putative turgor sensor that regulates, together with the response regulator KdpE, the expression of the kdpFABC operon coding for the high affinity K(+)-uptake system KdpFABC of Escherichia coli. To elucidate the nature of the primary stimulus for KdpD, we developed an in vitro assay based on right-side-out membrane vesicles. Conditions were varied inside and outside of the vesicles, and KdpD autophosphorylation activity was tested. It was shown that an increase of the ionic strength inside the vesicles was accompanied by an increase of the autophosphorylation activity of KdpD with ATP. However, K(+) at concentrations higher than 1 mm inhibited KdpD autophosphorylation activity. This K(+)-specific effect was not observed with KdpD-Arg-511 --> Gln, a KdpD derivative, which causes K(+)-independent kdpFABC expression. When the osmolality outside the vesicles was increased, autophosphorylation activity of KdpD was stimulated, whereby salts were more effective than sugars. Treatment of the vesicles with amphipathic compounds did not affect KdpD autophosphorylation activity. Based on these results it is proposed that changes of intracellular parameters elicited by K(+) limitation or osmotic upshock directly influence KdpD autophosphorylation activity, whereby K(+) has an inhibitory and ionic strength a stimulatory effect.
Synthesis of Sugar-Lysine Chimera with Integrated <i>gluco</i>-Configured 1,3-Hydroxyamine Motif (2007)

The paper describes the synthesis of glucose-configured sugar-lysine chimeras in which the side chain of lysine is conformationally constrained via incorporation into a d-glucose scaffold. Key step in the synthesis is a high-yielding, reductive ring opening of an exocyclic glucose-derived epoxide to form an α-hydroxyester that can be converted into chimeric sugar-lysine analogues. To demonstrate the use of these novel chimeric sugar-lysine building blocks in peptide coupling, we replaced d-lysine in the antimicro­bial dipeptide sequence kW by a d-glucose-d-lysine chimera.
Biotin studies in pigs (1989)

Sixteen pigs were given a purified diet of maize flour and casein from 5 to 25 d of age with or without a biotin supplement (100 micrograms/kg). From 26 to 94 d of age, eight of the pigs were changed to a wheat and casein diet with or without the biotin supplement and eight continued on the maize flour and casein diet. The weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were not affected by the dietary biotin supplement or the carbohydrate source. The pigs given the unsupplemented maize flour diet developed foot lesions, scaly skins and showed a reduction in carcass length. The excretion of biotin in the faeces was similar for the pigs given the biotin-supplemented and unsupplemented diets. The excretion of biotin in the faeces of pigs given the wheat diet was ten times as great as that of the pigs given the maize flour diet. The excretion of biotin in urine was 6 micrograms/d in the pigs given the unsupplemented maize flour diet and 67 micrograms/d in the pigs given the biotin-supplemented diet between 91 and 94 d of age. The biotin contents of the liver, heart, kidney, adrenals and plasma were increased by biotin supplementation of the maize flour diet. The 16:1/16:0 and 18:1/18:0 fatty acids ratios in the liver were decreased by biotin supplementation of the maize flour diet.
Exploring the coordination chemistry of isomerizable terpyridine derivatives for successful analyses of cis and trans isomers by travelling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (2012)

The photochemical cis-trans isomerization of the 4-{4-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl]phenyl}-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine ligand (vpytpy) was investigated by UV-vis, NMR and TWIM-MS. Ion mobility mass spectrometry was performed pursuing the quantification of the isomeric composition during photolysis, however an in-source trans-to-cis isomerization process was observed. In order to overcome this inherent phenomenon, the isomerization of the vpytpy species was suppressed by complexation, reacting with iron(II) ions, and forming the [Fe(vpytpy)(2)](2+) complex. The strategy of "freezing" the cis-trans isomerizable ligand at a given geometric conformation was effective, preventing further isomerization, thus allowing the distinction of each one of the isomers in the photolysed mixture. In addition, the experimental drift times were related to the calculated surface areas of the three possible cis-cis, cis-trans and trans-trans iron(II) complex isomers. The stabilization of the ligand in a given conformation also allows us to obtain the cis-cis and cis-trans complexes exhibiting the ligand in the metastable cis-conformation, as well as in the thermodynamically stable trans-conformation.
RetinaTrack: Online Single Stage Joint Detection and Tracking (2020)

Traditionally multi-object tracking and object detection are performed using separate systems with most prior works focusing exclusively on one of these aspects over the other. Tracking systems clearly benefit from having access to accurate detections, however and there is ample evidence in literature that detectors can benefit from tracking which, for example, can help to smooth predictions over time. In this paper we focus on the tracking-by-detection paradigm for autonomous driving where both tasks are mission critical. We propose a conceptually simple and efficient joint model of detection and tracking, called RetinaTrack, which modifies the popular single stage RetinaNet approach such that it is amenable to instance-level embedding training. We show, via evaluations on the Waymo Open Dataset, that we outperform a recent state of the art tracking algorithm while requiring significantly less computation. We believe that our simple yet effective approach can serve as a strong baseline for future work in this area.
Candidate discourse in the revised IELTS Speaking Test (2006)

In 2001 the IELTS interview format and criteria were revised. A major change was the shift from a single global scale to a set of four analytic scales focusing on different aspects of oral proficiency. This study is concerned with the validity of the analytic rating scales. It aims to verify the descriptors used to define the score points on the scales by providing empirical evidence for the criteria in terms of their overall focus, and their ability to distinguish levels of performance. The Speaking Test band descriptors and criteria key indicators were analysed in order to identify relevant analytic categories for each of the four band scales: fluency, grammatical range and accuracy, lexical resource and pronunciation. Twenty interviews drawn from operational IELTS administrations in a range of countries, and representing a range of proficiency levels, were analysed with respect to these categories. The analysis found that most of the measures displayed increases in the expected direction over the levels, which appears to confirm the validity of the criteria. However, for all measures the standard deviations tended to be large, relative to the differences between levels. This indicates a high level of variation amongst candidates assessed at the same level, and a high degree of overlap between levels, even for those measures which produced significant findings. In addition, for most measures the differences between levels were greater at some boundaries between two bands than at others. Overall, the findings indicate that while all the measures relating to one scale contribute in some way to the assessment on that scale, no one measure drives the rating; rather a range of performance features contribute to the overall impression of the candidate's proficiency.
Assessment of the Electronic Retinal Implant Alpha AMS in Restoring Vision to Blind Patients with End-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa (2017)

The Alpha AMS subretinal implant improved visual performance in 5 of 6 participants and has exhibited ongoing function for up to 24 months. Although implantation surgery remains challenging, new developments such as OCT microscope guidance added refinements to the surgical technique.
Analysis of head impact exposure and brain microstructure response in a season-long application of a jugular vein compression collar: a prospective, neuroimaging investigation in American football (2016)

NCT02696200.
The VLSI Design of an Error-Trellis Syndrome Decoder for Certain Convolutional Codes (1986)

In this paper a recursive algorithm using the error-trellis decoding technique is developed to decode certain convolutional codes (CC's). An example, illustrating the VLSI architecture of such a decoder, is given for a dual-k CC. It is demonstrated that such a decoder can be realized readily on a single chip with NMOS technology.
EFFECTS OF ALPHA-1-BLOCKING AGENT IN THE TREATMENT OF DETRUSOR SPHINCTER DYSSYNERGIA (1990)

Effects of adrenergic alpha-1-blocking agent, prazosin, in the treatment of detrusor external-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) were evaluated in both experimental and clinical aspects. Experimentally, in the urethral pressure profile in dogs, the maximum urethral closing pressure was depressed after intravenous injection of 1 mg prazosin. When experimental DSD was obtained in dogs by stimulating electrically the unilateral 2nd sacral root, intra-venous injection of 1 mg prazosin inhibited contraction of the external urethral sphincter. Clinically, 74 patients with DSD based on neurogenic bladder from cerebral vascular attack (CVA) (13 cases) and spinal cord injury (61 cases) were retrospectively surveyed in terms of therapeutical effects of prazosin for DSD. Spinal cord injury was subdivided to 4 groups for clinical evaluation; cervical cord injury (C) with complete paralysis, thoracic cord injury (Th) with complete paralysis, lumbar cord injury (L) with complete paralysis and spinal cord injury with incomplete paralysis. Patients with CVA and spinal cord injury with incomplete paralysis showed good response rates in subjective improvement, 69% and 60% respectively. However, those with spinal cord injury with complete paralysis showed a poor response (28% for C, 23% for Th and 14% for L). The amount of residual urine significantly decreased after treatment, in all the groups except that of lumbar cord injury with complete paralysis. In all the groups, however, even after the drug treatment the amount of residual urine ranged from 80 to 170 ml and the rates of needing clean intermittent catheterization unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CELLULAR DNA REPLICASES: Components and Dynamics at the Replication Fork (2005)

DNA replicases are multicomponent machines that have evolved clever strategies to perform their function. Although the structure of DNA is elegant in its simplicity, the job of duplicating it is far from simple. At the heart of the replicase machinery is a heteropentameric AAA+ clamp-loading machine that couples ATP hydrolysis to load circular clamp proteins onto DNA. The clamps encircle DNA and hold polymerases to the template for processive action. Clamp-loader and sliding clamp structures have been solved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The heteropentameric clamp loaders are circular oligomers, reflecting the circular shape of their respective clamp substrates. Clamps and clamp loaders also function in other DNA metabolic processes, including repair, checkpoint mechanisms, and cell cycle progression. Twin polymerases and clamps coordinate their actions with a clamp loader and yet other proteins to form a replisome machine that advances the replication fork.