gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythroid progenitor cells and stimulating factors during murine embryonic and fetal development. (1985)

Murine embryonic and fetal yolk-sacs, peripheral blood, and livers were assayed for hemopoietic multipotential and progenitor cell content between days 6 and 13 of gestation. Multipotential cells (Mix-CFC), erythroid-committed progenitor cells (BFU-E), and nonerythroid progenitor cells (predominantly GM-CFC) were assayed by their ability to form hemopoietic colonies in vitro when stimulated by pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated spleen-cell-conditioned media (as a source of Multi-CSF) and either human or murine erythropoietin. Late erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E) were stimulated to form colonies by erythropoietin. Mix-CFC, BFU-E, and nonerythroid cells were first detected on day 8 in yolk-sacs, day 9 in peripheral blood, and day 11 in liver. Maximum absolute numbers of yolk-sac Mix-CFC (182), BFU-E (331), and non-erythroid CFC (1358) occurred at 11 days of gestation. The maximum frequency of peripheral blood mix-CFC (24/10(5) cells) and BFU-E (55/10(5) cells) occurred at ten days of gestation. The absolute numbers of hepatic Mix-CFC, BFU-E, nonerythroid CFC, and CFU-E increased exponentially from 11 to 13 days' gestation. CFU-E were first detected at nine days in peripheral blood, at ten days in yolk-sac, and 11 days in liver and at all ages were equally responsive to erythropoietin. The maximum frequency (151/10(5) cells) of CFU-E in the peripheral blood and the maximum number per yolk-sac (1699) both occurred on day 11 of gestation. In confirmation of previous studies, yolk-sac fluid was found to contain a macrophage colony-stimulating activity. In addition, an activity capable of stimulating fetal liver CFU-E was also detected in yolk-sac fluid. However, no activity (Multi-CSF) capable of stimulating Mix-CFC or BFU-E was detected in either yolk-sac fluid or fetal plasma.
The ABCs of IEEE 802.77 (2001)

Wireless LAN technology is a swiftly moving target. Knowing the basics can help you deploy it safely in your organization. WLAN is actually a series of standards and not just one. The initial IEEE 802.11 standard supported three transmission methods-infrared, direct sequence spread spectrum, and frequency hopping spread spectrum-although a single product would use only one method. All three transmission methods can operate at 1 and 2 Mbps.
Applications of Focused Ion Beams (1993)

Using a focused ion beam of Ga+ ions at 25 keV, one can obtain usable beams as small as 50 nm in diameter. As a result of this, small and precise areas can be milled to obtain cross sections, small vias, and cut metal lines. Additionally, the ion beam can be used to induce metal deposition. This deposition allows nondestructive design changes directly on the device, and provides increased failure analysis capabilities. Examples on the use of the FIB for such applications are given and some drawbacks are discussed. Methods employed to overcome the drawbacks also are discussed.
Brominative cyclisation of nerolidol and geranyl-linalool (1980)

(+)-Nerolidol was treated with 2,4,4,6-tetrabromocyclohexa-2,5-dienone to afford the brominative cyclisation products α- and β-snyderols and 3-bromocaparrapi oxide and its 8-epimer; (±)-geranyl-linalool gave the analogous tricyclic ethers.
Tweet modeling with LSTM recurrent neural networks for hashtag recommendation (2016)

The hash symbol, called a hashtag, is used to mark the keyword or topic in a tweet. It was created organically by users as a way to categorize messages. Hashtags also provide valuable information for many research applications such as sentiment classification and topic analysis. However, only a small number of tweets are manually annotated. Therefore, an automatic hashtag recommendation method is needed to help users tag their new tweets. Previous methods mostly use conventional machine learning classifiers such as SVM or utilize collaborative filtering technique. A bottleneck of these approaches is that they all use the TF-IDF scheme to represent tweets and ignore the semantic information in tweets. In this paper, we also regard hashtag recommendation as a classification task but propose a novel recurrent neural network model to learn vector-based tweet representations to recommend hashtags. More precisely, we use a skip-gram model to generate distributed word representations and then apply a convolutional neural network to learn semantic sentence vectors. Afterwards, we make use of the sentence vectors to train a long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN). We directly use the produced tweet vectors as features to classify hashtags without any feature engineering. Experiments on real world data from Twitter to recommend hashtags show that our proposed LSTM-RNN model outperforms state-of-the-art methods and LSTM unit also obtains the best performance compared to standard RNN and gated recurrent unit (GRU).
SAR processing of ground-penetrating radar data for buried UXO detection: results from a surface-based system (1998)

Battelle and The Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory have built and demonstrated a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system for locating buried unexploded ordnance (UXO), the system is ground based and towed by an autonomously controlled vehicle as part of the subsurface ordnance characterization system (SOCS). This paper presents the results of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing of the radar data acquired at Tyndall Air Force Base, FL, and Jefferson Proving Ground (JPG), IN.
The Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase: A Molecular Link between Metabolism, Inflammation, and Cancer (2009)

Beyond its well-described role in cellular metabolism, intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels have been shown to affect the enzymatic activity of a series of NAD-dependent enzymes, influencing biological responses such as cell survival and inflammation. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase activity has been shown to be essential for maintaining adequate intracellular NAD levels, suggesting that this enzyme may in fact play a central role in modulating the activity of a wide range of NAD-dependent enzymes. Several recent observations concur with this hypothesis and suggest that by regulating NAD availability, Nampt is able to control both cell viability and the inflammatory response. Nampt may thus represent a novel pharmacological target with valuable anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.
A study on the grafting reaction of isocyanates with hydroxyapatite particles (1998)

The surface grafting reactions of a series of isocyanates with hydroxyapatite particles at different temperatures were studied by Infrared spectrophotometry (IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The study results show that both hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (ICEM) react readily with HA while ethyl isocyanate acetate (EIA) and butyl isocyanate (BIC) have lower reactivity towards HA particles. It also has been found that the reaction of ICEM with HA follows a second-order reaction mechanism, despite the heterogeneous nature of the reaction, while the reaction of HMDI with HA does not due to the complexity of the reaction. Based on this study, it is concluded that ICEM and HMDI are suitable agents for the coupling of polymers due to their reactivity towards HA.
Ferromagnetic materials a handbook on the properties of magnetically ordered substances (1980)

Preface. Contents of Volumes 1-4. 1. Quadrupolar interactions and magneto-elastic effects in rare-earth intermetallic compounds (P. Morin and D. Schmitt). 2. Magneto-optical spectroscopy of f-electron systems (W. Reim and J. Schoenes). 3. INVAR: Moment-volume instabilities in transition metals and alloys (E.F. Wasserman). 4. Strongly enhanced itinerant intermetallics and alloys (P.E. Brommer and J.J.M. Franse). 5. First-order magnetic processes (G. Asti). 6. Magnetic superconductors (O. Fischer). Author index. Subject index. Materials index.
Deletion of muscle GRP94 impairs both muscle and body growth by inhibiting local IGF production (2012)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are critical for development and growth of skeletal muscles, but because several tissues produce IGFs, it is not clear which source is necessary or sufficient for muscle growth. Because it is critical for production of both IGF-I and IGF-II, we ablated glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in murine striated muscle to test the necessity of local IGFs for normal muscle growth. These mice exhibited smaller skeletal muscles with diminished IGF contents but with normal contractile function and no apparent endoplasmic reticulum stress response. This result shows that muscles rely on GRP94 primarily to support local production of IGFs, a pool that is necessary for normal muscle growth. In addition, body weights were ∼30% smaller than those of littermate controls, and circulating IGF-I also decreased significantly, yet glucose homeostasis was maintained with little disruption to the growth hormone pathway. The growth defect was complemented on administration of recombinant IGF-I. Thus, unlike liver production of IGF-I, muscle IGF-I is necessary not only locally but also globally for whole-body growth.
Sobre anjos e folhas secas: em torno do Angelus Novus de Paul Klee (2008)

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de uma apresentação feita na IV Semana Didático-Cultural e I Congresso de Pesquisa e Extensão da UEMG – Campus Barbacena. O título deste evento eraHistória: Identidade e memória, e seu símbolo o quadro Angelus Novus de Paul Klee. Nosso objetivo era o de apresentar a relação entre o quadro e a temática do evento, para isso buscamos o apoio de três autores: Benjamin, dono do quadro, que demarcou a sua interpretação do Angelus Novus comparando-o com o Anjo da história; Scholem, herdeiro do mesmo após a morte de seu amigo Benjamin, autor de um poema sobre o quadro de Klee; e Kafka, escritor que sempre povoou o debate epistolar dos dois anteriores, e que, apesar de não ter tido contato com o quadro de Klee, descreve o cenário em que é possível a sua produção. Por fim reavaliamos o quadro a partir do humor judaico que unifica a estes três autores, afim de redimensionar o valor de alerta representado pelo semblante aterrorizado do anjo de Klee. Nesta versão escrita a seqüência dos argumentos foi mantida, mas o texto foi substancialmente alterado para se adaptar ao novo veículo de divulgação.
A solution method for the component allocation problem in printed circuit board assembly (2010)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective and efficient solution method for the component allocation problem (CAP) in printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, in order to achieve high-throughput rates of the PCB assembly lines. Design/methodology/approach The investigated CAP is intertwined with the machine optimization problems for each machine in the line because the latter determine the process time of each machine. In order to solve the CAP, a solution method, which integrates a meta-heuristic (genetic algorithm) and a regression model is proposed. Findings It is found that the established regression model can estimate the process time of each machine accurately and efficiently. Experimental tests show that the proposed solution method can solve the CAP both effectively and efficiently. Research limitations/implications Although different regression models are required for different types of assembly machines, the proposed solution method can be adopted for solving the CAPs for assembly lines of any configuration, including a mixed-vendor assembly line. Practical implications The solution method can ensure a high-throughput rate of a PCB assembly line, and thus improve the production capacity without further investment on the expensive PCB assembly equipment. Originality/value The paper proposes an innovative solution method for the CAP in PCB assembly. The solution method integrates the meta-heuristic method and the regression method, which has not been studied in the literature.
Role of the Vitreous and Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (1997)

The authors' findings suggest that VMA may influence the presence of macular edema associated with BRVO.
Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohnʼs Disease (2015)

Inflammation often precedes fibrosis and stricture formation in patients with Crohn's disease. Established medical therapies reduce inflammation, but there are currently no specific therapies to prevent fibrosis or treat established fibrosis. Our understanding of the pathogenic processes underpinning fibrogenesis is limited compared with our knowledge of the events initiating and propagating inflammation. There are several biomarkers for intestinal inflammation, but there are none that reflect the development of fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of cellular activities including inflammation and fibrosis and may serve as biomarkers of disease processes. Differential serum and mucosal miRNA expression profiles have been identified between patients with inflammatory bowel disease with active and inactive inflammatory disease. In contrast, studies in patients with fibrotic phenotypes are comparatively few, although specific miRNAs have defined roles in the development of fibrosis in other organ systems. Here, we discuss the most recent research on miRNA and fibrogenesis with a particular emphasis on Crohn's disease. We also anticipate the potential of miRNAs in fulfilling current unmet translational needs in this patient group by focusing on the role of miRNAs as modulators of fibrogenesis and on their potential value as serum biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of fibrosis.
Role of ASIC3 in the primary and secondary hyperalgesia produced by joint inflammation in mice (2008)

The acid sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is critical for the development of secondary hyperalgesia as measured by mechanical stimulation of the paw following muscle insult. We designed experiments to test whether ASIC3 was necessary for the development of both primary and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia that develops after joint inflammation. We used ASIC3 -/- mice and examined the primary (response to tweezers) and secondary hyperalgesia (von-Frey filaments) that develops after joint inflammation comparing to ASIC3 +/+ mice. We also examined the localization of ASIC3 to the knee joint afferents innervating the synovium using immunohistochemical techniques before and after joint inflammation. We show that secondary mechanical hyperalgesia does not develop in ASIC3 -/- mice. However, the primary mechanical hyperalgesia of the inflamed knee joint still develops in ASIC3 -/- mice and is similar to ASIC3 +/+ mice. In knee joint synovium from ASIC3 +/+ mice without joint inflammation, ASIC3 was not localized to joint afferents that were stained with an antibody to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). ASIC3 was found, however, in synoviocytes of the knee joint of uninflamed mice. In ASIC3 +/+ mice with joint inflammation, ASIC3 co-localized with PGP 9.5 or CGRP in joint afferents innervating the synovium. We conclude that the decreased pH that occurs after inflammation would activate ASIC3 on primary afferent fibers innervating the knee joint, increasing the input to the spinal cord resulting in central sensitization manifested behaviorally as secondary hyperalgesia of the paw.
Correlation of Chemical Evaporation Rate with Vapor Pressure (2014)

A new one-parameter correlation is developed for the evaporation rate (ER) of chemicals as a function of molar mass (M) and vapor pressure (P) that is simpler than existing correlations. It applies only to liquid surfaces that are unaffected by the underlying solid substrate as occurs in the standard ASTM evaporation rate test and to quiescent liquid pools. The relationship has a sounder theoretical basis than previous correlations because ER is correctly correlated with PM rather than P alone. The inclusion of M increases the slope of previous log ER versus log P regressions to a value close to 1.0 and yields a simpler one-parameter correlation, namely, ER (μg m(-1) h(-1)) = 1464P (Pa) × M (g mol(-1)). Applications are discussed for the screening level assessment and ranking of chemicals for evaporation rate, such as pesticides, fumigants, and hydrocarbon carrier fluids used in pesticide formulations, liquid consumer products used indoors, and accidental spills of liquids. The mechanistic significance of the single parameter as a mass-transfer coefficient or velocity is discussed.
Predicting Advertising success beyond Traditional Measures: New Insights from Neurophysiological Methods and Market Response Modeling (2014)

In the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the use of neurophysiological methods to better understand marketing phenomena among academics and practitioners. However, the value of these methods in predicting advertising success remains underresearched. Using a unique experimental protocol to assess responses to 30-second television ads, the authors capture many measures of advertising effectiveness across six commonly used methods (traditional self-reports, implicit measures, eye tracking, biometrics, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging). These measures have been shown to reliably tap into higher-level constructs commonly used in advertising research: attention, affect, memory, and desirability. Using time-series data on sales and gross rating points, the authors attempt to relate individual-level response to television ads in the lab to the ads’ aggregate, market-level elasticities. The authors show that functional magnetic resonance imaging measures explain the most variance in advertising elasticities beyond the baseline traditional measures. Notably, activity in the ventral striatum is the strongest predictor of real-world, market-level response to advertising. The authors discuss the findings and their significant implications for theory, research, and practice.
Decreased Expression of Adipogenic Genes in Obese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

This cross-sectional study supports the hypothesis that impaired expression of adipogenic genes may result in impaired adipogenesis, potentially leading to larger fat cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue and insulin resistance.
An Overview for Developing End‐to‐End Standards for 3‐D TV in the Home (2009)

Enthusiastic consumer response to recent 3‐D theatrical releases is demonstrating users' appetite for 3‐D content, and 3‐D seems destined to become the next killer application for the home‐entertainment industry. Until then, the standardization of 3‐D formats for mastering and distribution is critically important for a successful introduction to the consumer market.
Electro-Pneumatic Control Valve for EGR/ATC Actuation (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The dual solenoid control valve was Initially designed as a low cost interface element between digital electronics and an automotive vacuum-spring motor such as the one found on Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valves. By using two coaxially located normally closed solenoids continuous air bleed is not required from the vacuum source. The direct acting solenoids have a large 0.5 SCFM flow capacity and a quick six millisecond opening and two millisecond closing time. The unit is well suited for pulse width modulation control. Ambient tests were conducted from -40°F to +250°F without any significant change in the performance characteristics of the unit. Possible applications for this electro-vacuum interface are in EGR valve control, Automatic Temperature Control (ATC), and as a remote throttle actuator on diesel engines.</div>
Tracking and Behavior Reasoning of Moving Vehicles Based on Roadway Geometry Constraints (2016)

Tracking and behavior reasoning of surrounding vehicles on a roadway are keys for the development of automated vehicles and an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). Based on dynamic information of the surrounding vehicles from the tracking algorithm and driver intentions from the behavior reasoning algorithm, the automated vehicles and ADAS can predict possible collisions and generate safe motion to avoid accidents. This paper presents a unified vehicle tracking and behavior reasoning algorithm that can simultaneously estimate the vehicle dynamic state and driver intentions. The multiple model filter based on various behavior models was used to classify the vehicle behavior and estimate the dynamic state of surrounding vehicles. In addition, roadway geometry constraints were applied to the unified vehicle tracking and behavior reasoning algorithm in order to improve the dynamic state estimation and the behavior classification performance. The curvilinear coordinate system was constructed based on the precise map information in order to apply the roadway geometry to the tracking and behavior reasoning algorithm. The proposed algorithm was verified and evaluated through experiments under various test scenarios. From the experimental results, we concluded that the presented tracking and behavior reasoning algorithm based on the roadway geometry constraints provides sufficient accuracy and reliability for automated vehicles and ADAS applications.
Comparison of the extracellular proteinase activity produced by a low-virulence mutant of Candida albicans and its wild-type parent (1988)

The production of extracellular proteinase by MY1049, a low-virulence mutant of Candida albicans, was compared with that of its wild-type parent, MY1044. Both strains were grown in a medium containing bovine serum albumin as a nitrogen source to induce proteinase production. Under these conditions, the proteinase activity per cell in the MY1049 cultures was the same as or higher than that of MY1044 cultures. However, MY1049 grew much more slowly than MY1044, and the total proteinase activity of the MY1049 culture remained well below that of the MY1044 culture. In a minimal medium with ammonium sulfate as the nitrogen source, MY1049 grew as rapidly as did MY1044. No significant differences were observed in the effects of inhibitors produced by MY1049 and MY1044. Our previous work indicated that MY1049 was able to grow and produce abundant mycelium in the renal calices of infected mice but that the strain was unable to invasively colonize the renal tissue. The decreased ability of MY1049 to grow in a protein-rich environment, despite its ability to produce extracellular proteinase, may enable the host to contain the mutant strain before the fungal cells invade the tissue.
Broadband 4 $\times$ 4 Nonblocking Silicon Electrooptic Switches Based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (2015)

We report a broadband 4 × 4 nonblocking optical switch with Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) as switch elements on a silicon platform. Silicon resistive heaters are used for phase error correction of MZI arms with total thermooptic power consumption of 33.7 mW. Fast switching is enabled by p-i-n diodes, with average electrooptic tuning power of 14.3 mW for the 24 essential switching states as required for nonblocking routing. The average on-chip insertion loss is 5.8-7.7 dB and crosstalk better than -12 dB at wavelength of 1550 nm. Optical transmission experiments using a high-throughput 50 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) optical signal reveal that no significant deterioration is observed on constellation diagrams.