gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodetectors: High‐Gain and Low‐Driving‐Voltage Photodetectors Based on Organolead Triiodide Perovskites (Adv. Mater. 11/2015) (2015)

On page 1912, J. Huang, and co-workers develop a solution-processed organolead trihalide perovskite photodetector that combines a high photoconductive gain with a broad spectral response across the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared (NIR). The hole traps at the top surface of the perovskites are exploited to boost the performance with an ingenious device design at extremely low driving voltage, which enables a compact integration with low-voltage circuits.
Human proT-cells generated in vitro facilitate hematopoietic stem cell-derived T-lymphopoiesis in vivo and restore thymic architecture (2013)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is followed by a period of immune deficiency due to a paucity in T-cell reconstitution. Underlying causes are a severely dysfunctional thymus and an impaired production of thymus-seeding progenitors in the host. Here, we addressed whether in vitro-derived human progenitor T (proT)-cells could not only represent a source of thymus-seeding progenitors, but also able to influence the recovery of the thymic microenvironment. We examined whether co-transplantation of in vitro-derived human proT-cells with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was able to facilitate HSC-derived T-lymphopoiesis posttransplant. A competitive transfer approach was used to define the optimal proT subset capable of reconstituting immunodeficient mice. Although the 2 subsets tested (proT1, CD34(+)CD7(+)CD5(-); proT2, CD34(+)CD7(+)CD5(+)) showed thymus engrafting function, proT2-cells exhibited superior engrafting capacity. Based on this, when proT2-cells were coinjected with HSCs, a significantly improved and accelerated HSC-derived T-lymphopoiesis was observed. Furthermore, we uncovered a potential mechanism by which receptor activator of nuclear factor κb (RANK) ligand-expressing proT2-cells induce changes in both the function and architecture of the thymus microenvironment, which favors the recruitment of bone marrow-derived lymphoid progenitors. Our findings provide further support for the use of Notch-expanded progenitors in cell-based therapies to aid in the recovery of T-cells in patients undergoing HSCT.
Modeling and generating TCP application workloads (2007)

In order to perform valid experiments, traffic generators used in network simulators and testbeds require contemporary models of traffic as it exists on real network links. Ideally one would like a model of the workload created by the full range of applications running on the Internet today. Unfortunately, at best, all that is available to the research community are a small number of models for single applications or application classes such as the web or peer-to-peer. We present a method for creating a model of the full TCP application workload that generates the traffic flowing on a network link. From this model, synthetic workload traffic can be generated in a simulation that is statistically similar to the traffic observed on the real link. The model is generated automatically using only a simple packet-header trace and requires no knowledge of the actual identity or mix of TCP applications on the network. We present the modeling method and a traffic generator that will enable researchers to conduct network experiments with realistic, easy-to-update TCP application workloads. An extensive validation study is performed using Abilene and university traces. The method is validated by comparing traces of synthetically generated traffic to the original traces for a set of important measures of realism. We also show how workload models can be re-sampled to generate statistically valid randomized and rescaled variations.
Wind lidar evaluation at the Danish wind test site in Høvsøre (2006)

Abstract Initial assessments of a wind lidar have shown the technology to have significant potential for wind field measurements in the wind energy industry. A more extended evaluation is now reported using a scanning lidar next to a meteorological mast with calibrated anemometers at the Risø wind test site in Høvsøre on the windy northwest coast of Denmark. Results are presented of wind speed comparisons at heights up to 100 m above ground level showing excellent correlation between the lidar and the cup anemometers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of scattered coincidences for emission-based estimation of attenuation map in PET (2012)

Attenuation correction in PET/MR is difficult due to the lack of X-ray or radionuclide transmission scans. Known approaches to estimating attenuation maps from PET emission data are based on true coincidences only and fail in highly symmetric situations. We present a method of extracting information about the attenuation distribution from scattered coincidences, even with perfect spherical symmetry of attenuation and activity. Using GATE simulations in a realistic scanner geometry combined with perfect energy resolution, we show how back-projections of scattered coincidences can provide an estimate of the attenuation map. This method may ultimately be used to complement existing approaches, such as for compensation of artifacts in segmentation-based attenuation correction, or for determination of a missing constant in Maximum Likelihood reconstruction of Activity and Attenuation.
SyncPerf (2017)

Despite the obvious importance, performance issues related to synchronization primitives are still lacking adequate attention. No literature extensively investigates categories, root causes, and fixing strategies of such performance issues. Existing work primarily focuses on one type of problems, while ignoring other important categories. Moreover, they leave the burden of identifying root causes to programmers. This paper first conducts an extensive study of categories, root causes, and fixing strategies of performance issues related to explicit synchronization primitives. Based on this study, we develop two tools to identify root causes of a range of performance issues. Compare with existing work, our proposal, SyncPerf, has three unique advantages. First, SyncPerf's detection is very lightweight, with 2.3% performance overhead on average. Second, SyncPerf integrates information based on callsites, lock variables, and types of threads. Such integration helps identify more latent problems. Last but not least, when multiple root causes generate the same behavior, SyncPerf provides a second analysis tool that collects detailed accesses inside critical sections and helps identify possible root causes. SyncPerf discovers many unknown but significant synchronization performance issues. Fixing them provides a performance gain anywhere from 2.5% to 42%. Low overhead, better coverage, and informative reports make SyncPerf an effective tool to find synchronization performance bugs in the production environment.
Biorefining of marine macroalgal biomass for production of biofuel and commodity chemicals (2015)

Products extracted from macroalgae through biorefinery process and their applications.
A virtual memory based runtime to support multi-tenancy in clusters with GPUs (2012)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are increasingly becoming part of HPC clusters. Nevertheless, cloud computing services and resource management frameworks targeting heterogeneous clusters including GPUs are still in their infancy. Further, GPU software stacks (e.g., CUDA driver and runtime) currently provide very limited support to concurrency.
Durable and Regenerable Antibacterial Finishing of Fabrics with a New Hydantoin Derivative (2001)

Durable and regenerable antibacterial fabrics were prepared by using an innovative chemical technology employing a precursor biocidal agent, dimethylol dimethylhydantoin (DMDMH), in a chemical finishing process. The method resulted in significant add-on rates of hydantoin groups on cellulose and established a durable antimicrobial functionality, once the grafted heterocyclic compounds were chlorinated by diluted chlorine bleaching. Both cotton fabrics and polyester/cotton fabrics exposed to treatment baths containing from 2 to 10% of DMDMH acquired a powerful inactivating capacity against a wide range of food-borne and water-borne infectious disease agents. The biocidal functions are regenerable by regular laundry exposure to chlorine bleach and can withstand over 50 standard machine washes without appreciable deterioration. In addition to their powerful antimicrobial efficacy, the fabrics exhibited improved wrinkle resistance and maintained appropriate mechanical properties, making them ideal for medical and hygienic textile applications. In this article we report the results from biocidal tests and durability evaluations and provide data characterizing physical attributes of the treated fabrics.
Versatile Molecular Silver Ink Platform for Printed Flexible Electronics (2017)

A silver molecular ink platform formulated for screen, inkjet, and aerosol jet printing is presented. A simple formulation comprising silver neodecanoate, ethyl cellulose, and solvent provides improved performance versus that of established inks, yet with improved economics. Thin, screen-printed traces with exceptional electrical (<10 mΩ/□/mil or 12 μΩ·cm) and mechanical properties are achieved following thermal or photonic sintering, the latter having never been demonstrated for silver-salt-based inks. Low surface roughness, submicron thicknesses, and line widths as narrow as 41 μm outperform commercial ink benchmarks based on flakes or nanoparticles. These traces are mechanically robust to flexing and creasing (less than 10% change in resistance) and bind strongly to epoxy-based adhesives. Thin traces are remarkably conformal, enabling fully printed metal-insulator-metal band-pass filters. The versatility of the molecular ink platform enables an aerosol jet-compatible ink that yields conductive features on glass with 2× bulk resistivity and strong adhesion to various plastic substrates. An inkjet formulation is also used to print top source/drain contacts and demonstrate printed high-mobility thin film transistors (TFTs) based on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. TFTs with mobility values of ∼25 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and current on/off ratios >10<sup>4</sup> were obtained, performance similar to that of evaporated metal contacts in analogous devices.
Temporal-based needle segmentation algorithm for transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy procedures (2010)

The temporal-based needle segmentation algorithm accurately segments the location of the biopsy core from 2D TRUS images of clinical prostate biopsy procedures. The results for needle-tip localization demonstrated that the temporal-based algorithm is significantly more accurate than implementations of some existing needle segmentation algorithms within the literature.
<title>Flight testing of a fiber optic temperature sensor</title> (1993)

A fiber optic temperature sensor (FOTS) system consisting of an optical probe, a flexible fiber optic cable, and an electro-optic signal processor was fabricated to measure the gas temperature in a turbine engine. The optical probe contained an emissive source embedded in a sapphire lightguide coupled to a fiber-optic jumper cable and was retrofitted into an existing thermocouple probe housing. The flexible fiber optic cable was constructed with 200 micron core, polyimide-coated fiber and was ruggedized for an aircraft environment. The electro- optic signal processing unit was used to ratio the intensities of two wavelength intervals and provided an analog output value of the indicated temperature. Subsequently, this optical sensors system was installed on a NASA Dryden F-15 Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control (HIDEC) Aircraft Engine and several flight tests were conducted. Over the course of flight testing, the FOTS system's response was proportional to the average of the existing thermocouples sensing the changes in turbine engine thermal conditions.
Establishment of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. (1996)

An animal model of Helicobacter pylori infection was obtained with Mongolian gerbils. Culture broth of H. pylori ATCC 43504 was orally administered to the gerbils. Animals were killed 1, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days after the oral inoculation and the stomachs were excised. Colonization of H. pylori was maintained in the stomachs of all animals throughout the study period of up to 42 days. On microscopic examination after immunological and hematoxylin and eosin staining, the organisms were detected in the mucus layer of the gastric epithelium. All gerbils exhibited a slowly progressive but typical gastritis, showing superficial erosion with increasing numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Forty-two days after the inoculation, lymph follicles were detected in the gastric submucosa. These features are similar to the manifestations of H. pylori infection in humans and, accordingly, this model could be of value for studying H. pylori pathogenicity and for research into agents for the treatment of H. pylori infection in humans.
Protecting User Privacy: An Approach for Untraceable Web Browsing\n History and Unambiguous User Profiles (2018)

The overturning of the Internet Privacy Rules by the Federal Communications\nCommissions (FCC) in late March 2017 allows Internet Service Providers (ISPs)\nto collect, share and sell their customers' Web browsing data without their\nconsent. With third-party trackers embedded on Web pages, this new rule has put\nuser privacy under more risk. The need arises for users on their own to protect\ntheir Web browsing history from any potential adversaries. Although some\navailable solutions such as Tor, VPN, and HTTPS can help users conceal their\nonline activities, their use can also significantly hamper personalized online\nservices, i.e., degraded utility. In this paper, we design an effective Web\nbrowsing history anonymization scheme, PBooster, aiming to protect users'\nprivacy while retaining the utility of their Web browsing history. The proposed\nmodel pollutes users' Web browsing history by automatically inferring how many\nand what links should be added to the history while addressing the\nutility-privacy trade-off challenge. We conduct experiments to validate the\nquality of the manipulated Web browsing history and examine the robustness of\nthe proposed approach for user privacy protection.\n
Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection in Papua New Guinea: High Prevalence among the Hagahai Confirmed by Western Analysis (1990)

A serologic survey for human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection was conducted on nearly half of the entire 260-member Hagahai population, a hunter-horticulturist group occupying the northern banks of the Yuat River Gorge in Madang Province of Papua New Guinea. For comparison, sera from two neighboring groups, the Pinai and Haruai, were tested. As determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and verified by Western immunoblot, IgG antibodies against HTLV-I were detected in 17 of 120 Hagahai, giving an HTLV-I seroprevalence of 14%, which is as high as that found in HTLV-I-endemic regions such as southwestern Japan and the Caribbean basin. Infection tended to cluster in family groups and was more common with increasing age. The majority of ELISA-positive (45/61) Hagahai sera were indeterminate, with 62% (28/45) exhibiting reactivity to three or more gag-encoded proteins. The clinical significance of the high frequency of indeterminate HTLV-I Western immunoblots is unknown, but it is not unlike that encountered in other Melanesian populations. Whether this reflects incomplete specific reactivity to HTLV-I or the existence of HTLV-I-related retroviruses in Papua New Guinea is being investigated.
Backscattering and attenuation mechanisms in solids and solid-liquid suspensions (2013)

The ultrasonic backscattering and attenuation are commonly used to characterize the properties of solids and solid-liquid suspension to determine grain morphology for solids and particle size and solids loading for solid liquid suspensions. An ultrasonic field is attenuated by absorption and scattering mechanisms as the field traverses a material. However, the relative strength of the absorption, single scattering and multiple scattering contributions are often unknown. In solids, the grain morphology and the dislocation properties are especially important contributions, and in solid-liquid suspension, the particle size and concentration control the attenuation. This paper will present a study of the attenuation mechanisms in solids and solid-liquid suspensions utilizing traditional attenuation, backscattering, and resonance or diffuse field measurements of the attenuation. The results provide the potential to separate the multiple scattering, single scattering, and absorption contribution to the various ultrasonic attenuation measurements on stainless steel alloys and solid liquid suspension. Results for solids and solid-liquid suspensions which elucidate the interrelationship between these energy loss mechanisms will be reported. Where appropriate, the experimental measurements will be compared with theoretical predictions.
DETECTION OF DNA HYBRIDIZATION ON A CONFIGURABLE DIGITAL MICROFLUIDIC BIO- CHIP USING SPR IMAGING (2008)

This paper presents a configurable digital microfluidic-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biochip platform comprising an electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) microfluidic device coupled to SPR imaging (SPRi). We demonstrate its application for dynamic on-chip simultaneous immobilization of different DNA probes in combination with multichannel label-free real-time detection of subsequent hybridization reactions. The integrated EWOD-SPRi system would enable the development of high-throughput, rapid and ultrasensitive biomolecular detection strategies beyond DNA microarray applications.
The Effect of Carbamazepine on Cocaine Use (1992)

Thirty‐five chronic cocaine users were offered carbamazepine in an open clinical trial as an adjunct to outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence. Nine patients refused ongoing carbamazepine treatment, 13 decreased their cocaine use from 65/100 days pretreatment to 2.8/100 days with treatment (2,562 days at risk), and 13 had a reduction from 78.1/100 days pretreatment to 35.1/100 days with treatment (2,790 total days at risk). The 9 carbamazepine refusers had virtually no change in their cocaine use. The degree of patient compliance with carbamazepine intake correlated directly with decreased cocaine use and with lowered craving intensity, frequency, and duration.
Optimizing the Design of Bradykinin B1 Receptor-targeting PET Tracers via the Selection of Radiolabel Chelate (2016)

448 Objectives The bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), a G-protein-coupled receptor, is up-regulated in many types of cancer. Due to its low expression in normal tissues, B1R is an attractive target for cancer imaging. Previously, we identified a promising B1R-targeting tracer 18F-L08060 (18F-AmBF3-Mta-Pip-B9958). It contains a potent sequence B9958 (Lys-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Cpg-Ser-D-Tic-Cpg) and a preferable linker Pip (4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl)piperidine). 18F labeling was achieved via 18F-19F isotope exchange on the trifluoroborate moiety of AmBF3-Mta (4-(N-trifluoroborylmethyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)methyl-1,​2,​3-​triazole-​1-​acetic acid). In this study, we investigated if tumor uptake and tumor-to-background contrast could be further improved by the selection of various radiolabel chelates. Methods DOTA and NODA-Mpaa(4-methylphenylacetic acid) conjugated Pip-B9958 were synthesized using solid phase approach. Ga complexation was performed by incubating DOTA- and NODA-Mpaa-conjugated peptides with GaCl3. AlOH complexation was achieved by incubating NODA-Mpaa-conjugated peptides with AlCl3. Al-F cold standard was obtained by the reaction of AlOH-NODA-conjugated peptide with NaF. Binding affinity was measured by in vitro competition binding assays. 68Ga and 18F labeling experiments were performed in acidic buffer using 68GaCl3 and 18F-fluoride, respectively. Imaging/biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing both HEK293T wild-type (B1R-) and HEK293T::hB1R (B1R+) tumors. Results The binding affinities (Ki) of Z02176 (Ga-DOTA-Pip-B9958), Z02137 (Ga-NODA-Mpaa-Pip-B9958) and Z04139 (AlF-NODA-Mpaa-Pip-B9958) towards hB1R were 2.5, 2.6, and 14.0 nM, respectively. 18F-Z04139, 68Ga-Z02176 and 68Ga-Z02137 were prepared with decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 46 ± 2, 47 ± 11 and 32 ± 11 %, respectively. The radiochemical purities were > 99% and the specific activities of 18F-Z04139, 68Ga-Z02176 and 68Ga-Z02137 were 210 ± 72, 261 ± 74, and 100 ± 8 GBq/μmol, respectively. Biodistribution/imaging studies (at 1-h post-injection) showed that all three tracers cleared rapidly from background and were excreted predominantly via the renal pathway. Only kidneys, bladders and B1R+ tumors were clearly visualized in PET images. Uptake in B1R+ tumor was higher for 68Ga-Z02176 (28.9 ± 6.21 %ID/g) and 18F-Z04139 (22.6 ± 3.41 %ID/g) than 68Ga-Z02137 (14.0 ± 4.86 %ID/g) and previously identified 18F-L08060 (4.20 ± 0.98 %ID/g). The B1R+ tumor-to-blood and B1R+ tumor-to-muscle contrast ratios were also higher for 68Ga-Z02176 (56.1 ± 17.3 and 167 ± 57.6) and 18F-Z04139 (58.0 ± 20.9 and 173 ± 42.9) than 68Ga-Z02137 (34.3 ± 15.2 and 103 ± 30.2) and 18F-L08060 (14.7 ± 3.56 and 48.6 ± 10.7). Conclusions 68Ga-Z02176 and 18F-Z04139 outperformed 68Ga-Z02137, 18F-L08060, and previously reported 68Ga and 18F-labeled B1R-targeting tracers. With superior tumor uptake and target-to-background contrast ratios, 68Ga-Z02176 and 18F-Z04139 are promising B1R-trageting PET tracers, and warrant further investigation for cancer imaging.
CDR3 sequence motifs shared by oligoclonal rheumatoid arthritis synovial T cells. Evidence for an antigen-driven response. (1994)

T lymphocytes reactive with as yet undefined joint-localized foreign or autoantigens may be important in the pathogenesis of RA. Molecular studies demonstrating skewed T cell antigen receptor (TCR) variable gene usage and selective expansion of particular T cell clones within the synovial compartment support this view. Based on our recent study documenting selective expansion of V beta 17+ T cells in RA, we have pursued the identification of T cells relevant to the disease process, in an informative patient, by combining molecular analysis of freshly explanted RA synovial tissue V beta 17 TCR transcripts with in vitro expansion of V beta 17+ synovial tissue T cell clones. Peripheral blood V beta 17 cDNA transcripts proved heterogeneous. In contrast, two closely related sequences, not found in the peripheral blood, dominated synovial tissue V beta 17 transcripts, suggesting selective localization and oligoclonal expansion at the site of pathology. CD4+, V beta 17+ synovial tissue-derived T cell clones, isolated and grown in vitro, were found to express TCR beta chain transcripts homologous to the dominant V beta 17 synovial tissue sequences. One clone shares with a dominant synovial tissue sequence a conserved cluster of 4/5 amino acids (IGQ-N) in the highly diverse antigen binding CDR3 region, suggesting that the T cells from which these transcripts derive may recognize the same antigen. These findings have permitted a complete characterization of the alpha/beta TCR expressed by putatively pathogenic T cell clones in RA. Functional analysis suggests that the conserved CDR3 sequence may confer specificity for, or restriction by, the MHC class II antigen, DR4.