gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WISE: a computer system performance index scoring framework (2021)

Abstract The performance levels of a computing machine running a given workload configuration are crucial for both users and providers of computing resources. Knowing how well a computing machine is running with a given workload configuration is critical to making proper computing resource allocation decisions. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for deriving computing machine and computing resource performance indicators for a given workload configuration. We propose a workload/machine index score (WISE) framework for computing a fitness score for a workload/machine combination. The WISE score indicates how well a computing machine is running with a specific workload configuration by addressing the issue of whether resources are being stressed or sitting idle wasting precious resources. In addition to encompassing any number of computing resources, the WISE score is determined by considering how far from target levels the machine resources are operating at without maxing out. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed WISE framework on two distinct workload configurations.
Prediction of Gas Turbine Trip Due to Electro Hydraulic Control Valve System Failures (2010)

Gas turbines are the main power producing components in combined cycle and simple cycle power plants. A gas turbine trip is a rapid uncontrolled shutdown of the turbine that is initiated by the turbine controller to protect it from failures. The turbine loses significant amount of life due to strong thermal transients during a trip and the utility company loses revenue because of lost power generation. Therefore, prediction of trips has significant financial impact. This paper presents a method to predict gas turbine trips due to electro hydraulic control valve system failures. This paper also provides methods to detect gas control valve system failures in their incipient phase and methods to identify various failure signatures for diagnostics. The methodology presented here could be extended beyond the current application to other causes of trips in the gas turbine, thereby impacting availability and reliability of the turbine.
Design and validation of two-handed multi-touch tabletop controllers for robot teleoperation (2011)

Controlling the movements of mobile robots, including driving the robot through the world and panning the robot's cameras, typically requires many physical joysticks, buttons, and switches. Operators will often employ a technique called "chording" to cope with this situation. Much like a piano player, the operator will simultaneously actuate multiple joysticks and switches with his or her hands to create a combination of complimentary movements. However, these controls are in fixed locations and unable to be reprogrammed easily. Using a Microsoft Surface multi-touch table, we have designed an interface that allows chording and simultaneous multi-handed interaction anywhere that the user wishes to place his or her hands. Taking inspiration from the biomechanics of the human hand, we have created a dynamically resizing, ergonomic, and multi-touch controller (the DREAM Controller). This paper presents the design and testing of this controller with an iRobot ATRV-JR robot.
Maximum-Likelihood Co-Channel Interference cancellation with power control for cellular OFDM networks (2007)

In cellular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks, co-channel interference (CCI) leads to severe degradation in the BER performance. To solve this problem, maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) CCI cancellation scheme has been proposed in the literature. MLE CCI cancellation scheme generates weighted replicas of the transmitted signals and selects replica with the smallest Euclidean distance from the received signal. When the received power of the desired and interference signals are nearly the same, the BER performance is degraded. In this paper, we propose an improved MLE CCI canceler with closed-loop Power Control (PC) scheme capable of detecting and combating against the equal received power situation at the mobile station (MS) receiver by using the newly introduced parameter power ratio (PR). At cell edge where signal to interferer ratio (SIR) is considered to have average value between -5 and 10 dB, computer simulations show that the proposed closed-loop PC scheme has a gain of 7 dB at 28 km/h and about 2 dB at 120 km/h.
Tradeoffs in two-level on-chip caching (1994)

The performance of two-level on-chip caching is investigated for a range of technology and architecture assumptions. The area and access time of each level of cache is modeled in detail. The results indicate that for most workloads, two-level cache configurations (with a set-associative second level) perform marginally better than single-level cache configurations that require the same chip area once the first-level cache sizes are 64KB or larger. Two-level configurations become even more important in systems with no off-chip cache and in systems in which the memory cells in the first-level caches are multiported and hence larger than those in the second-level cache. Finally, a new replacement policy called two-level exclusive caching is introduced. Two-level exclusive caching improves the performance of two-level caching organizations by increasing the effective associativity and capacity.
A technique for measuring optical fiber transmission using the time dispersion of Cerenkov radiation (1977)

A technique based on measurement of time dispersion in a δ-function Cerenkov pulse has been developed for determining the attenuation coefficient α (λ) of low-loss optical fibers. The time domain amplitude distribution of the transmitted polychromatic pulse is transformed to the wavelength domain by accurate measurement of the differences in arrival times of spectral bands isolated by interference filters. Since the Cerenkov pulses are generated in the fiber by a short burst of relativistic electrons, α (λ) can be measured over a wide and continuous range of path lengths without breaking the fiber. The technique has been demonstrated over the 500–800-nm spectral region for fiber lengths up to 800 m.
Shear wave speed measurement using repeated short push pulses (2012)

Measurement of shear wave propagation speed in tissues has clinical significance of indicating tissue stiffness and health state. Shear waves are usually produced by a high voltage, long duration ultrasound push beam. Many ultrasound scanners cannot produce such push beams due to power droop of the transmit circuitry. We propose using repeated short push pulses instead to generate shear waves. The waveform of such shear wave is separated into a push and a release shear wave as the collective push duration increases. Shear wave magnitudes and speeds in phantoms produced by different numbers and repetition intervals of short pulses were studied and the speeds were compared with 1D transient elastography results. The method was further validated using in vivo biceps measurements from a healthy volunteer. Results show accurate shear wave speed can be measured from shear waves produced by multiple short push pulses. Such short Doppler-like pulses could be used by conventional and low-end ultrasound scanners to do shear wave measurement.
Automating Multi-level Performance Elastic Components for IBM Streams (2019)

Streaming applications exhibit abundant opportunities for pipeline parallelism, data parallelism and task parallelism. Prior work in IBM Streams introduced an elastic threading model that sought the best performance by automatically tuning the number of threads. In this paper, we introduce the ability to automatically discover where that threading model is profitable. However this introduces a new challenge: we have separate performance elastic mechanisms that are designed with different objectives, leading to potential negative interactions and unintended performance degradation. We present our experiences in overcoming these challenges by showing how to coordinate separate but interfering elasticity mechanisms to maxmize performance gains with stable and fast parallelism exploitation. We first describe an elastic performance mechanism that automatically adapts different threading models to different regions of an application. We then show a coherent ecosystem for coordinating this threading model elasticty with thread count elasticity. This system is an online, stable multi-level elastic coordination scheme that adapts different regions of a streaming application to different threading models and number of threads. We implemented this multi-level coordination scheme in IBM Streams and demonstrated that it (a) scales to over a hundred threads; (b) can improve performance by an order of magnitude on two different processor architectures when an application can benefit from multiple threading models; and (c) achieves performance comparable to hand-optimized applications but with much fewer threads.
Collective atom phase controls in photon echoes for quantum memory applications I: Population inversion removal (2016)

Photon echo-based quantum memories demonstrated in rare-earth doped solids over the last decade have solved the major constraint of population inversion in conventional photon echoes by using collective atom phase controls. Both atomic frequency comb and gradient echoes have also made a breakthrough in higher echo efficiency, where conventional photon echo efficiency remains at a few per cent. Here we review, analyze, and discuss the collective atom phase control applied to conventional photon echoes for quantum memory applications to clarify fundamental physics of coherent transients in a three-level system specifically for optical-spin coherence conversion in a controlled double rephasing echoes. Some critical misunderstandings in various protocols are also analyzed, and corrected for near unity echo efficiency under no population inversion.
Enabling Transmission-Aware Adaptive Optical Time Slice Switching in Time-Varying Optical Time Sliced Networks (2021)

An adaptive all-optical time slice switching method based on optical signal envelope perception is studied. Results show high resource utilization can be achieved with fine switching granularity in extreme satellite optical network scenarios.
METAL INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON (2000)

Metal induced crystallization of amorphous silicon (a-Si) has been studied for a thin Ni layer on the a-Si. The NiSi 2 precipitates, nuclei for the crystallization, can be formed at less than 400°C on the a-Si. The growth of the needlelike crystallites, as a result of the migration of NiSi 2 precipitates through a-Si, proceeds to <111> directions with <110> normal to the film surface. The crystallization velocity of a-Si is greatly enhanced and thus the crystallization temperature is lowered by applying an electric field to the a-Si. High-quality polycrystalline silicon having needlelike crystallites can be formed at temperatures as low as 400°C.
Solution-based fabrication of the top electrode in light-emitting electrochemical cells (2020)

The light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) has demonstrated capacity for cost- and material-efficient solution-based fabrication of the active material under ambient air. In this context, it is notable that corresponding reports on a scalable solution-based fabrication of the electrodes, particularly the top electrode, are rare. We address this issue through the demonstration of a transparent LEC, which is fabricated under ambient air by sequential spray deposition of a hydrophobic conjugated-polymer:ionic-liquid blend ink as the active material and a hydrophilic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) ink as the transparent top electrode. Such an optimized LEC delivers a luminance of 360 cd/m2 at a power efficacy of 1.6 lm/W, which is on par with the performance of a corresponding LEC device equipped with a vacuum-deposited and reflective metal top electrode. This implies that the entire LEC device indeed can be fabricated with solution-based processes and deliver a good performance, which is critical if the LEC technology is going to fulfil its low-cost potential.
Trapping of <I>Aethina tumida</I> Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from <I>Apis mellifera</I> L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies with an In-Hive Baited Trap (2007)

The effectiveness of two lures for trapping the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, by means of in-hive traps was tested by field trials in apiaries located in Florida, Delaware, and Pennsylvania during 2003-2005. Both lures included a mixture (pollen dough) consisting of bee pollen and commercial pollen substitute formulated with or without glycerol and honey. Before it was used in the traps, the dough was conditioned either by the feeding of adult small hive beetles or by inoculation with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri (NRRL Y-30722). Traps baited with conditioned dough captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, and traps positioned under the bottom board of a hive captured significantly more beetles than traps located at the top of a hive. In fact, baited in-hive bottom board traps nearly eliminated the beetles from colonies at a pollination site in Florida. However, when these honey bee colonies were moved to an apiary, trap catch increased markedly over time, indicating a resurgence of the beetle population produced by immigration of beetles from nearby hives or emerging from the soil. In tests at three Florida apiaries during 2006, yeast-inoculated dough baited bottom board traps captured significantly more beetles than unbaited traps, showing the effectiveness of yeast-inoculated dough as a lure and its potential as a tool in managing the small hive beetle.
Size Characterization of Graphene‐coated Silver Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery System Design (2022)

Nanoparticles prove to be a promising tool for drug delivery due to their modifiable properties, such as size, which may offer more targeted delivery. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to exert anticancer effects such as antiangiogenesis. Size control is crucial for the use of AgNPs as drug delivery systems because smaller AgNPs amplify cytotoxicity in both cancerous and healthy cells. Another way that AgNPs are cytotoxic is through the release of silver (Ag+) ions. It has been shown that AgNPs below 10 nm in size have a comparable toxicity to Ag+ ions. In this study, AgNPs were coated with graphene quantum dots. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nanosheets of carbon. These nanosheets of carbon may control the release of silver ions and provide additional benefits such as increased surface area for drug loading and increased drug solubility. The objective of this study is to synthesize graphene quantum dot‐coated silver nanoparticles (AgGQDs) to serve as drug delivery systems. We hypothesize that our methods will produce AgGQDs larger than 10 nm to avoid excessive cytotoxicity. The GQDs were synthesized by pyrolysis of citric acid and used as reducing agents for the synthesis of AgGQDs. The GQDs were characterized using X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The AgGQDs were characterized via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and in situ Energy‐dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS). EDS confirmed that the images observed were silver nanoparticles. TEM images showed that the AgGQDs were spherical and had a size of approximately 20‐25 nm in diameter. Based on these results, we can conclude that our AgGQDs will not be drastically cytotoxic due to their intermediate size.
Mutations in Hepatitis C Virus E2 Located outside the CD81 Binding Sites Lead to Escape from Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies but Compromise Virus Infectivity (2009)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies are commonly present in the sera of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To elucidate possible mechanisms of virus escape from these antibodies, retrovirus particles pseudotyped with HCV glycoproteins (HCVpp) isolated from sequential samples collected over a 26-year period from a chronically infected patient, H, were used to characterize the neutralization potential and binding affinity of a panel of anti-HCV E2 human monoclonal antibodies (HMAbs). Moreover, AP33, a neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to a linear epitope in E2, was also tested against selected variants. The HMAbs used were previously shown to broadly neutralize HCV and to recognize a cluster of highly immunogenic overlapping epitopes, designated domain B, containing residues that are also critical for binding of viral E2 glycoprotein to CD81, a receptor essential for virus entry. Escape variants were observed at different time points with some of the HMAbs. Other HMAbs neutralized all variants except for the isolate 02.E10, obtained in 2002, which was also resistant to MAb AP33. The 02.E10 HCVpp that have reduced binding affinities for all antibodies and for CD81 also showed reduced infectivity. Comparison of the 02.E10 nucleotide sequence with that of the strain H-derived consensus variant, H77c, revealed the former to have two mutations in E2, S501N and V506A, located outside the known CD81 binding sites. Substitution A506V in 02.E10 HCVpp restored binding to CD81, but its antibody neutralization sensitivity was only partially restored. Double substitutions comprising N501S and A506V synergistically restored 02.E10 HCVpp infectivity. Other mutations that are not part of the antibody binding epitope in the context of N501S and A506V were able to completely restore neutralization sensitivity. These findings showed that some nonlinear overlapping epitopes are more essential than others for viral fitness and consequently are more invariant during earlier years of chronic infection. Further, the ability of the 02.E10 consensus variant to escape neutralization by the tested antibodies could be a new mechanism of virus escape from immune containment. Mutations that are outside receptor binding sites resulted in structural changes leading to complete escape from domain B neutralizing antibodies, while simultaneously compromising viral fitness by reducing binding to CD81.
Factors influencing the toughening behavior of whisker reinforced ceramics (1988)

Whisker reinforced ceramics exhibit substantial improvements in fracture toughness and other mechanical properties as compared to the unreinforced ceramics. In many of the whisker reinforced ceramics, enhanced toughness is derived from bridging of the crack by the strong whiskers. An analysis of the whisker bridging contribution reveals that the toughness is a function of the whisker strength, radius, and volume content, the ratio of the Young's modulus of the composite to that of the whisker, and the ratio of the fracture energy of the matrix to that of the whisker-matrix interface. Recent studies show that the analysis based on whisker bridging quantitatively describes the experimentally observed toughening that results from whisker reinforcement. 9 refs., 1 fig.
Redox modifications of cysteine residues regulate the cytokine activity of HMGB1 (2021)

These results reveal critical post-translational redox mechanisms that control the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 and its inactivation during inflammation.
Comment on “Unexpected size effect in the thermopower of thin-film stripes” [J. Appl. Phys. <b>110</b>, 083709 (2011)] (2014)

In a recent article, Sun et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 110, 083709 (2011)] claim to measure a size-dependent thermoelectric effect in a micron-scale single-metal thermocouple. In this Comment, we demonstrate that the observed phenomenon is not due to a size-dependent Seebeck effect as claimed, but is rather wire-size-dependent heat transport that causes unequal heating at the bonding pads. As a result, the bonding pads are at two different temperatures, and the observed voltage corresponds to a thermoelectric effect of a parasitic thermocouple formed between their metal structure and the bonding-pad wires. We provide simulations and suggest a control experiment based on their structure that supports our contention that the observation depends on width-dependent heat transport in the wires.
Mask Optimization by Genetic Algorithm for a Neuro-Pattern Recognition Machine with Masks (1995)

Recently, much research on application of neural network (NN) using genetic algorithm (GA) has been reported. In this paper, we apply GA to a neuro-pattern recognition system for paper currency with masks. We regard the position of the masked part as a gene on the input image. We operate crossover, mutation, and selection to some genes. By repeating a series of these operations, we can get effective masks for recognition of paper currency. We compare the ability of NN using the optimized masks by the GA with the one of NN using the random masks. Then we show that the GA is effective to mask optimization for the method of neuro-pattern recognition. Furthermore, we refer to a high-speed neuro-recognition board to realize the neuro-pattern recognition for paper currency in the commercial products.
Enabling Session Mobility in Full Mesh Conferencing Model (2007)

Enabling service continuity from one user's device to another one while maintaining communication is a real need to maximize end-user service experience and to benefit from the capacities of each available device in the user environment. This service ubiquity can be realized by session mobility between devices. Many session transfer use-cases can be supported to enable different service modes and options within a two-party communication context. Otherwise, enabling session mobility in a multiparty conferencing, like the full mesh communication model, can be more complex. This work describes a solution to support session mobility options in the full mesh conferencing by extending existing abstract message protocol and to map them using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Introducing session mobility in full-mesh conferencing causes different extra message traffic depending on the used mode (Mobile Node Control Mode or Session Handoff Mode). At the end, we propose a comparative study to determine the message traffic for each mode depending on the number of participants and the events included in conferencing scenarios.
Real-Time Monitoring of Dynamical State Changes in Staged Combustion (2002)

We describe techniques for diagnosing the state of coal-fired utility burners using dynamic characteristics of the output of optical flame scanner signals. The analysis techniques are optimized for targeting dynamical features associated with nonlinear instabilities that develop as burner operating parameters are changed. Various specific instability indicators are used, including shifts in probability distributions, temporal asymmetry and coarsed-grained descriptions of unstable periodicities. We show that careful application of such methods can accurately characterize a range of different flame states. Specifically, transitions through bifurcation points between attached and lifted flames are targeted, giving insight into causes of instability such as stoichiometry or feed and flow variations. We demonstrate results from the application of these methods to utility-scale staged pulverized-coal burners in a real-time software package. The Flame Doctor™ burner-monitoring software is presently undergoing plant-implementation trials in a program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute and participating utilities. In a practical application, we show how real-time monitoring and intervention can significantly mitigate adverse combustion conditions.
Supporting untethered multi-user VR over enterprise wi-fi (2019)

In this positioning paper, we propose Chord, a holistic multi-user VR system for untethered mobile devices over 802.11ac/ax Wi-Fi. Taking a cross-layer approach, Chord brings numerous innovations to the application-layer design and VR-aware wireless network optimizations. We present our design and its preliminary evaluation on commodity smartphones and 802.11ac Wi-Fi, to demonstrate the feasibility of Chord.