gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of Amyloid Fibrils (2006)

In experiments designed to characterize the basis of amyloid fibril stability through mutational analysis of the Abeta (1-40) molecule, fibrils exhibit consistent, significant structural malleability. In these results, and in other properties, amyloid fibrils appear to more resemble plastic materials generated from synthetic polymers than globular proteins. Thus, like synthetic polymers and plastics, amyloid fibrils exhibit both polymorphism, the ability of one polypeptide to form aggregates of different morphologies, and isomorphism, the ability of different polypeptides to grow into a fibrillar amyloid morphology. This view links amyloid with the prehistorical and 20th century use of proteins as starting materials to make films, fibers, and plastics, and with the classic protein fiber stretching experiments of the Astbury group. Viewing amyloids from the point of view of the polymer chemist may shed new light on a number of issues, such as the role of protofibrils in the mechanism of amyloid formation, the biological potency of fibrils, and the prospects for discovering inhibitors of amyloid fibril formation.
Downhole depth estimation for automated subsurface navigation (2013)

This thesis proposes and evaluates a concept for downhole depth estimation by matching subsurface measurements from two sensors in a bottom hole assembly. The application of a downhole depth estimate in automated subsurface navigation has also been demonstrated. One of the key hurdles in achieving real time subsurface navigation lies in communication bottom neck between surface and downhole. Modern measurement while drilling and logging while drilling tools measure all vital information downhole except depth. Real time availability of depth estimate in the downhole can open new doors for real time automated bit steering and optimization in well drilling operations. The downhole depth estimation concept introduced in this thesis is based on correlation of gamma ray responses from two sensors to estimate average rate of penetration at the bit. This average rate of penetration of the bit is used to estimate distance travelled by the bit. An algorithm is proposed for correlation of gamma ray sensor response. Various parameters in the algorithm are investigated and discussed in detail for optimized performance. The error in the estimation is a result of difference between average and instantaneous rate of penetration as well as wrong correlation. Synthetic sensor response is created from a gamma ray data set to evaluate the algorithm for different noise levels and count rates. The error in estimated depth due to difference between average and instantaneous rate of penetration is approximately 2.2%. The total error is observed to be less than 4% for lower statistical noise levels. To reduce the error associated with proposed system, a nuclear marker - detector system is proposed and evaluated using Monte Carlo based nuclear simulations. In the last section the application of downhole depth for automated well-plan execution through a rotary steerable system is realised.
Use of a solid‐phase fluorescent cytometric technique for the detection of bacteria in platelet concentrates (2005)

Blood services worldwide are now striving to reduce the risk of transmission of bacteria by transfusion. The BacT/ALERT microbial detection system (bioMerieux, Basingstoke, Hants, UK) is currently regarded as the 'gold standard' for bacterial screening of platelet concentrates. The BacT/ALERT is a culture system and will not generate an 'instant' (within 2 h) determination. We report on the Scansystem (Hemosystem, Marseille, France), a solid-phase fluorescent cytometric technique, which enables the rapid detection of bacteria (within 90 min) in platelet concentrates. The study was performed in two parts - one involving the routine screening of platelet concentrates and the other determining the sensitivity of the system. In both arms of the study, the BacT/ALERT was used for comparative purposes. In total, 900 platelet concentrates were screened (63 apheresis and 837 buffy coat pooled). No bacteria were detected in any of the platelet concentrates tested by means of either the Scansystem or the BacT/ALERT. The sensitivity of the Scansystem was in the order of 10(3) cfu mL(-1). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected by using the Scansystem at 1 cfu mL(-1). The BacT/ALERT detected all organisms tested (n = 6) at 1 cfu mL(-1). The Scansystem offers a sensitive alternative technology to bacterial culture, with the benefit of a rapid test time.
P‐5: Leakage Current Characteristics of Dual‐Gate Poly‐Si TFT's with Intermediate Lightly Doped Region (2002)

Abstract Leakage current characteristics of dual‐gate poly‐Si TFT's with intermediate lightly doped region (LDR) are investigated. When the length of LDR is 2μm and LDR implant dose is 2×10 13 /cm 2 , the leakage current of the proposed poly‐Si TFT is significantly reduced and the maximum ON/OFF current ratio is obtained.
Effects of Electric Field Stress on a β-Amyloid Peptide (2008)

The interaction of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides with externally applied electric fields (EF) of varying strengths was investigated by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results suggest that the EF favors the switch of Aβ-peptides from helical to β-sheet conformation, and a mechanism is tentatively proposed. Switching off the field does not restore the original conformation.
MIHash: Online Hashing with Mutual Information (2017)

Learning-based hashing methods are widely used for nearest neighbor retrieval, and recently, online hashing methods have demonstrated good performance-complexity trade-offs by learning hash functions from streaming data. In this paper, we first address a key challenge for online hashing: the binary codes for indexed data must be recomputed to keep pace with updates to the hash functions. We propose an efficient quality measure for hash functions, based on an information-theoretic quantity, mutual information, and use it successfully as a criterion to eliminate unnecessary hash table updates. Next, we also show how to optimize the mutual information objective using stochastic gradient descent. We thus develop a novel hashing method, MIHash, that can be used in both online and batch settings. Experiments on image retrieval benchmarks (including a 2.5M image dataset) confirm the effectiveness of our formulation, both in reducing hash table recomputations and in learning high-quality hash functions.
On the Security Goals of White-Box Cryptography (2020)

We discuss existing and new security notions for white-box cryptography and comment on their suitability for Digital Rights Management and Mobile Payment Applications, the two prevalent use-cases of white-box cryptography. In particular, we put forward indistinguishability for white-box cryptography with hardware-binding (IND-WHW) as a new security notion that we deem central. We also discuss the security property of application-binding and explain the issues faced when defining it as a formal security notion. Based on our proposed notion for hardware-binding, we describe a possible white-box competition setup which assesses white-box implementations w.r.t. hardware-binding. Our proposed competition setup allows us to capture hardware-binding in a practically meaningful way.While some symmetric encryption schemes have been proven to admit plain white-box implementations, we show that not all secure symmetric encryption schemes are white-boxeable in the plain white-box attack scenario, i.e., without hardware-binding. Thus, even strong assumptions such as indistinguishability obfuscation cannot be used to provide secure white-box implementations for arbitrary ciphers. Perhaps surprisingly, our impossibility result does not carry over to the hardware-bound scenario. In particular, Alpirez Bock, Brzuska, Fischlin, Janson and Michiels (ePrint 2019/1014) proved a rather general feasibility result in the hardware-bound model. Equally important, the apparent theoretical distinction between the plain white-box model and the hardware-bound white-box model also translates into practically reduced attack capabilities as we explain in this paper.
Mesoscale trumps nanoscale: metallic mesoscale contact morphology for improved light trapping, optical absorption and grid conductance in silicon solar cells (2018)

We report on a computational study exploring the design of mesoscale metallic front contacts for solar cells. We investigated silver contact structures with circle, triangle and square cross-sections for various length scales and surface coverages. We found that for 'nanoscale' contacts with widths between 10 nm and 1000 nm, resonant coupling actually impairs light absorption in the semiconductor. Conversely, for 'mesoscale' contact widths > 1000 nm, the light interaction is determined by the geometric shadowing. We find that mesoscale silver contacts with triangular cross-section outperform other nanostructure morphologies in reducing shadow losses and yield contact transparency of >99% percent with sheet resistance <0.2 Ω/sq. Surprisingly, very densely spaced mesoscale silver triangular cross-section contacts can enhance the absorption of thin silicon/silver structures by up to 15% at a front contact coverage of 83%, due to light trapping by the front contact. Such structures can also maintain up to 100% absorption within the silicon, at a front contact coverage of 50%, relative to the same structure without metal.
Pretargeted Radioimmunotherapy Using Genetically Engineered Antibody-Streptavidin Fusion Proteins for Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2011)

Genetically engineered mutant-SAv FPs and bis-biotin reagents provide an attractive alternative to current SAv-biotin PRIT methods in settings where endogenous biotin levels are high.
Simulation of optical models in lightwave links using SPW (2002)

In this article optical models in lightwave links, which include a LD (laser diode) source, a single-mode fiber and a p-i-n photodiode receiver model, are simulated and investigated using SPW (signal processing worksystem) on a HP workstation. Simulation methods are presented concerning the optical source waveforms, fiber attenuation and dispersion, and receiver noise. The end-to-end performance of typical transmission system is also presented. SPW software and its usage on a HP workstation are introduced.
Electrical activation characteristics of silicon-implanted GaN (2005)

Electrical activation studies of Si-implanted GaN layers on sapphire were made as a function of annealing temperature (1100–1400°C). For an ion dose of 1.0×1014cm−2, the optimum annealing temperature was 1400°C, exhibiting a nearly 100% electrical activation efficiency and a low sheet resistance of ∼450Ω∕square at room temperature. From variable temperature Hall-effect measurements, Si-implanted GaN films annealed below 1200°C displayed deep ionization levels of ∼280meV, whereas samples annealed above 1300°C had shallow ones of ∼11meV. For lateral Schottky diodes fabricated on Si-implanted GaN layers annealed below 1200°C, capacitance frequency and thermal admittance measurements showed a typical dispersion effect characteristic of a single deep donor with an activation energy of ∼133meV. These results illustrate that deep donor levels created by the Si implantation in GaN layers apparently annihilate and transit to shallow levels produced by the Si ion substitution for Ga in the GaN lattice (SiGa) by annealing at temperature greater than ∼1300°C at these doses.
Systems of multiple cluster tools: configuration and performance under perfect reliability (1998)

By extrapolating technological trends, one can expect future fabs to consist largely of highly reliable cluster tools. Such trends raise the issues of how cluster tools should be configured (i.e., how modules should be grouped together), and the impact of configuration on optimal lot size. This paper generates equation-based models to compare the throughput and cycle time of different systems that perform the same sequence of process steps, with the same total number of modules grouped in different ways into multiple cluster tools. The two extremes of the spectrum of possible cluster tool configurations are considered: the serial configuration, in which a wafer visits each module in the cluster tool, and the parallel configuration, in which all of the modules in the cluster tool are identical. The models predict the following for typical cluster tool parameters and process times. When all process step times are identical, systems of serial-configured tools can achieve the same throughputs with lower cycle times, as their parallel-configured counterparts. However, if process times in the sequence significantly differ from one another, then systems of parallel-configured tools may achieve lower cycle times than their serial-configured counterparts at high throughputs. Finally, the serial configuration significantly reduces the lot size required to achieve total throughput capacity.
Decrease of Invasive Pneumococcal Infections in Children Among 8 Children’s Hospitals in the United States After the Introduction of the 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2004)

Since the introduction of the PCV7, the number of invasive pneumococcal infections caused by vaccine-serogroup isolates among 8 US children's hospitals has decreased >75% among children < or =24 months old. In addition, penicillin resistance decreased in 2002 for the first time since our surveillance began in 1993-1994. However, we have noted that replacement may be developing with serogroups 15 and 33. Furthermore, penicillin resistance seems to be increasing among nonvaccine serogroups. Surveillance must be continued to detect the emergence of changes in the distribution of serotypes as well as antibiotic susceptibility.
An intelligent multimedia patients information system: design problems and solutions (2002)

This paper reports the research findings in the design of an intelligent multimedia patients information systems (IMPIS). The system is aimed to be used by medical professionals at different organizational levels within a hospital, as well as hospital administrative executives for management support purposes. The data transmitted could be in the form of text, graphics such as electronic diagnostic images, sound such as voice annotation notes, or video such as critical moments during an operative procedure. These data are used for helping practitioners in the diagnostic process, conducting research in medical areas, and archiving of medical information for future references and medical legal purposes. In addition, statistical results can be generated for facilitating resources planning in hospitals. This paper presents an integrated object interface-scenario modeling approach to designing such a system. The problems found, with the illustration of a prototype, and the proposed solution to the identified problems are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of immunoglobulin M class antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii antigenic component p35000 by enzyme-linked antigen immunosorbent assay (1986)

On the basis that 89% of 48 acute-phase toxoplasmosis patients showed immunoglobulin M (IgM) class antibodies to the 35,000-molecular-weight antigenic component (p35000) of Toxoplasma gondii, as demonstrated by IgM immunoblotting, the antigen was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation and enzyme labeled for use in an enzyme-linked antigen immunosorbent assay (ELA) for the demonstration of IgM class antibodies to the p35000 component. The ELA showed a specificity of 96% with 139 serum specimens at a serum dilution of only 1:5. The test serologically detected 73 symptomatic acute-phase toxoplasmosis patients; 64 were positive in the 19S IgM indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test, and 9 were negative, although they showed IgM antibodies to p35000, as demonstrated by IgM immunoblotting. Also, the ELA turned out to be independent of IgM rheumatoid factors in six acute-phase toxoplasmosis serum specimens.
Performance Analysis for Visual Data Mining Classification Techniques of Decision Tree, Ensemble and SOM (2012)

This research paper is a comprehensive report on experimental setup, data collection methods, implementation and result analyses of market segmentation and forecasting using neural network based artificial intelligence tools. The main focus of the paper is on visual data mining applications for enhancing business decisions. The software based system is implemented as a fully automated and intelligent enough to take into effect of each sales transaction. It updates and instantly modifies forecasting statistics by receiving input sales data directly from sales counter through networked connectivity. The connectivity may be wired or wireless. Three artificial intelligence tools, namely decision tree, ensemble classifier and Self Organizing Maps (SOM) are used for data processing and data analysis. The visual data mining concept is implemented by presenting results in the form of visual interpretation in as simple as possible way to understand very complex statistics. The current research results are mapped to interactive visualization by using multilevel pie charts, multi bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, tree maps and dataflow diagrams. The different visualization techniques help in understanding different levels of information hidden in very large data sets. The results analysis show that decision tree has classified data correctly up to a 86.0 %, ensemble techniques produced an average of 88.0 % and the predictions using SOM has accuracy of 90.0 %. The survey carried out after implementation and use of the system shows that the system is very easy to understand and can be interpreted quickly with minimum efforts.
Vibration analysis of fluid dynamic bearing spindles with rotating-shaft design (2001)

This paper is to present theoretical and experimental vibration analysis of fluid dynamic bearing (FDB) spindles with rotating-shaft design. In the theoretical analysis, a mathematical model is developed to predict half-speed whirls, rocking modes, frequency response functions, and shock responses. In the experimental studies, FDB spindles carrying multiple disks are tested at various spin speed. Frequency response functions (FRF) are obtained to verify the mathematical model. The theoretical results agree reasonably well with experimental results in both natural frequencies and resonance amplitudes.
Study on Vibration of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Distributed Winding for the PWM Method of Voltage Source Inverters (2017)

Recently, global warming and the problems with incorporating environmental safeguards have promoted the need for a more power-efficient motor. Therefore, as a driving source, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used as an important device for a variety of fields. However, a PMSM generates electromagnetic vibration when driven by PWM inverters. This paper describes the frequency of the electromagnetic vibration of a PMSM with a distributed winding. We investigated the electromagnetic force by analyzing a circuit simulator using two-dimensional finite element analysis. It is found that the electromagnetic vibration resulted from electromagnetic force of the zeroth order of space harmonics. In addition, electromagnetic vibration mode of this order is confirmed in experiment.
Incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds in England (1998)

The annual incidence of clinical mastitis was measured in 144 Holstein/Friesian dairy herds in England (average size 132 cows) during 1994, 1995 and 1996 by means of carefully defined mastitis indices. The mean annual incidence of the disease over the three-year period was 43.4 quarter-cases per 100 cows, and the disease affected 25.9 per cent of the cows in the herds, with 1.6 quarter-cases per affected cow. In terms of cow-cases, the mean incidence was 39.9 cases per 100 cows in the herd and hence the ratio of quarter-cases to cow-cases was on average 1:1. The proportion of repeat quarter-cases was on average 19.4 per cent, and the recurrence rate was 18.3 per cent. The new infection rate was 28.3 per cent.
Matrix Attachment Region-Dependent Function of the Immunoglobulin μ Enhancer Involves Histone Acetylation at a Distance without Changes in Enhancer Occupancy (2001)

Nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs), which flank the immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain enhancer on either side, are required for the activation of the distal variable-region (V(H)) promoter in transgenic mice. Previously, we have shown that the MARs extend a local domain of chromatin accessibility at the mu enhancer to more distal sites. In this report, we examine the influence of MARs on the formation of a nucleoprotein complex at the enhancer and on the acetylation of histones, which have both been implicated in contributing to chromatin accessibility. By in vivo footprint analysis of transgenic mu gene constructs, we show that the occupancy of factor-binding sites at the mu enhancer is similar in transcriptionally active wild-type and transcriptionally inactive DeltaMAR genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicate, however, that the acetylation of histones at enhancer-distal nucleosomes is enhanced 10-fold in the presence of MARs, whereas the levels of histone acetylation at enhancer-proximal nucleosomes are similar for wild-type and DeltaMAR genes. Taken together, these data indicate that the function of MARs in mediating long-range chromatin accessibility and transcriptional activation of the V(H) promoter involves the generation of an extended domain of histone acetylation, independent of changes in the occupancy of the mu enhancer.
Performance analysis of parallel redundant WLAN (2012)

The application of the “Parallel Redundancy Protocol” (PRP) according to IEC 62439-3 with two diverse redundant wireless channels achieves an improved overall wireless communication channel. Performance parameter like jitter and reliability increase significantly compared to the single wireless channels. In this work, a series of measurements on a redundant setup with two parallel WLANs according to IEEE 802.11n in diverse configuration settings is conducted and the results presented. A Markov model for the parallel redundant system is developed and the analytical results compared against the measurements.
Agrarian Reforms and Food Policy Process in Tajikistan (2022)

This paper documents the food and agricultural policy process in the context of agrarian reforms in Tajikistan. It uses the case study of Tajikistan and applies a recently developed conceptual framework for understanding the drivers of policy change. It undertakes a historical review of agrarian reforms and appraises current policy challenges within the food and agricultural sector. Using specific tools to study power relations, financing, and information flows in the policy process, it maps institutional architecture and key stakeholders in the pre- and post-soviet era. Information gathered through focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and recent field research on food and agricultural policy issues is used to analyze factors that drive different stages of the policy making process. We find that understanding the political economy and policy process interface in Tajikistan is key for designing and implementing successful policy interventions. While progress has been made, agrarian reforms towards improving land tenure rights, strengthening WUAs, providing crop insurance against drought, are the necessary steps in a larger policy discussion. Ensuring the effectiveness of land reforms, building agricultural extension system, and supporting agricultural research systems are examples of some key initiatives that the government should focus on. Investments in transportation, storage, credit facilities, and markets involving private sector will speed up the reform process.