gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ACCELERATORS USE FOR IRRADIATION OF FRESH MEDICINAL HERBS (2004)

The paper presents the results regarding the electron beam irradiation of fresh Salvia Officinalis and Calendula Officinalis. Irradiation is already a well-known decontamination method, but it received less attention for medicinal plants, especially on fresh herbs. Microbial load behaviour, antioxidant activity, and enzymatic inhibition activity were measured for doses up to 50 kGy. Herbs are decontaminated without any important alteration in the active principles up to 1 kGy, but they loose their fresh aspect easier than non-irradiated ones. The last effect could be useful for the extracting process in which herbs are stressed anyway.
Mechanism of genital transmission of SIV: A hypothesis based on transmission studies and the location of SIV in the genital tract of chronically infected female rhesus macaques (1992)

To understand the biologic processes involved in transmission of HIV, we examined the genital tracts of chronically infected female macaques and localized SIV-infected cells. SIV was found in the genital tract of 12 of 16 animals and SIV-infected cells were located in the cervix and vagina. Inoculation of cell-free SIV into the blind vaginal pouch of hysterectomized macaques resulted in systemic infection. We propose a hypothesis to explain the early events in the genital transmission of SIV.
Permeability barriers by controlled morphology of polymer blends (1985)

Abstract Melt fabricated plastic articles with improved solvent and vapor barrier properties are of great need in the packaging industry. Various techniques, such as coextrusion, surface treatments, and coatings, are being employed currently towards this objective. Present work has identified a unique polymer blend approach to impart solvent and gas barrier properties to a polyolefin material. This involves incorporation of small amounts of a modified nylon barrier material, and processing under controlled conditions, in single step blowmolding or other extrusion processes. The unusual barrier effects obtained at small concentrations of the barrier material are obtained by the controlled morphology of the dispersed phase and optimum formulation of the ingredients.
<i>Sourcebook of Measures of Women's Educational Equity</i> edited by Beverly J. Parks, Karen Bogart, Dorothy F. Reynolds, Mykol Hamilton, and Carmen J. Finley (1984)

"Sourcebook of Measures of Women's Educational Equity edited by Beverly J. Parks, Karen Bogart, Dorothy F. Reynolds, Mykol Hamilton, and Carmen J. Finley." Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 17(2), p. 103
Huge enhancement of upconversion luminescence by dye/Nd<sup>3+</sup> sensitization of quenching-shield sandwich structured upconversion nanocrystals under 808 nm excitation (2017)

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have shown potential applications in diverse fields. However, their upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity and excitation wavelength range are limited by the weak and narrowband absorption of lanthanide ions. Herein, we introduce and validate a strategy to largely increase the absorptivity and upconversion luminescence intensity under 808 nm excitation by broadband dye-sensitized quenching-shield sandwich structured upconversion nanocrystals NaLuF<sub>4</sub>:Gd,Yb,Tm@NaLuF<sub>4</sub>:Gd,Yb@NaNdF<sub>4</sub>:Yb. The dye molecules anchored on the surface of the UCNPs serve as an antenna which can broadly and strongly harvest NIR light. The Nd<sup>3+</sup> facilitates the energy transfer and photon upconversion of the lanthanide activator at a biocompatible excitation wavelength (around 800 nm) with a significant increase in penetration ability and minimizes the overheating problem associated with conventional 980 nm excitation. The quenching-shield sandwich structure can greatly eliminate the deleterious cross-relaxation pathway between the activator and sensitizer. This approach combines the merits of the use of Nd<sup>3+</sup> as a sensitizer, a quenching-shield sandwich structure and the "antenna" effect, leading to a tremendous enhancement of UCL under excitation at 808 nm. These well-designed UCNPs excited at 808 nm with improved optical performances will outperform conventional UCNPs excited at 980 nm and play an important role in the development of luminescent probes for future biological and medical applications.
Operational aspects of antibody affinity constants measured by liquid‐phase and solid‐phase assays (1992)

The association constant of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to tobacco mosaic virus has been determined in solution and solid-phase binding assays. The ELISA equilibrium titration method developed by Friguet et al. (1985) was found to be suitable for large antigens such as viruses. In the case of intact IgG antibody, it gave equilibrium constant (K) values ca 30% lower than those obtained by classical solution-phase assay while in the case of Fab', the same values were obtained in both assays. Solid-phase binding assays gave higher K values than solution-phase assays by a factor which varied with the Mab tested (1.5- to 5.4-fold higher). Furthermore, in solution-phase assay, K values were found to depend on the antibody concentration used in the assay. These results confirm the operational nature of antibody affinity constants and indicate that in order to compare the affinity of different Mabs in a meaningful way, it is necessary to use a single technique under standardized conditions.
Improving Excitations for Active Sensing in Structural Health Monitoring via Evolutionary Algorithms (2007)

Active excitation is an emerging area of study within the field of structural health monitoring whereby prescribed inputs are used to excite the structure so that damage-sensitive features may be extracted from the structural response. This work demonstrates that the parameters of a system of ordinary differential equations may be adjusted via an evolutionary algorithm to produce excitations that improve the sensitivity and robustness to extraneous noise of state-space based damage detection features extracted from the structural response to such excitations. A simple computational model is used to show that significant gains in damage detection and quantification may be obtained from the response of a spring-mass system to improved excitations generated by three separate representative ordinary differential equation systems. Observed differences in performance between the excitations produced by the three systems cannot be explained solely by considering the frequency characteristics of the excitations. This work demonstrates that the particular dynamic evolution of the excitation applied to the structure can be as important as the frequency characteristics of said excitation if improved damage detection is desired. In addition, the implied existence of a globally optimum excitation (in the sense of improved damage assessment) for the model system is explored.
Quail<i>Pax-6</i>(<i>Pax-QNR</i>) mRNAs Are Expressed from Two Promoters Used Differentially during Retina Development and Neuronal Differentiation (1995)

During investigations on the regulation of the Pax-6 gene, we characterized a cDNA from quail neuroretina showing a 5' untranslated region distinct from that previously described and initiated from an internal promoter. Using RNase protection and primer extension mapping, we localized this second quail Pax-6 promoter, termed P1. As reported for the already described P0 promoter, P1 was also transactivated in vitro by the p46Pax-QNR protein. RNase protection assays performed with quail neuroretina RNA showed that P1-initiated mRNAs were detected before the P0-initiated mRNAs, remained constant up to embryonic day 8, and decreased slowly thereafter whereas, P0-initiated mRNAs accumulated up to embryonic day 8. In contrast, quail retinal pigmented epithelium expressed only the P1-initiated mRNAs. Transformation of these cells by the v-myc oncogene induced neuronal traits in the culture, which thereafter, in addition to the P1-initiated mRNAs, expressed Pax-QNR from the P0 promoter. These results suggest that expression of the quail Pax-6 gene is under the control of different regulators through alternate promoters, P0 being activated at the onset of neuronal differentiation.
Quasi delay-insensitive bus for fully asynchronous systems (1996)

In this paper the design of a dual rail asynchronous system bus is presented. Buses are generally avoided in asynchronous design because it is difficult to meet the isochronic fork assumption on heavily loaded wires. Our bus design avoids this assumption and provides a quasi delay-insensitive solution. The proposed solution makes a system modular and scaleable by guaranteeing that the complexity of the system grows linearly with each module added.
Anomaly Detection in Video Sequence With Appearance-Motion Correspondence (2019)

Anomaly detection in surveillance videos is currently a challenge because of the diversity of possible events. We propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that addresses this problem by learning a correspondence between common object appearances (e.g. pedestrian, background, tree, etc.) and their associated motions. Our model is designed as a combination of a reconstruction network and an image translation model that share the same encoder. The former sub-network determines the most significant structures that appear in video frames and the latter one attempts to associate motion templates to such structures. The training stage is performed using only videos of normal events and the model is then capable to estimate frame-level scores for an unknown input. The experiments on 6 benchmark datasets demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed approach with respect to state-of-the-art methods.
Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism (2019)

Recent work in language modeling demonstrates that training large transformer models advances the state of the art in Natural Language Processing applications. However, very large models can be quite difficult to train due to memory constraints. In this work, we present our techniques for training very large transformer models and implement a simple, efficient intra-layer model parallel approach that enables training transformer models with billions of parameters. Our approach does not require a new compiler or library changes, is orthogonal and complimentary to pipeline model parallelism, and can be fully implemented with the insertion of a few communication operations in native PyTorch. We illustrate this approach by converging transformer based models up to 8.3 billion parameters using 512 GPUs. We sustain 15.1 PetaFLOPs across the entire application with 76% scaling efficiency when compared to a strong single GPU baseline that sustains 39 TeraFLOPs, which is 30% of peak FLOPs. To demonstrate that large language models can further advance the state of the art (SOTA), we train an 8.3 billion parameter transformer language model similar to GPT-2 and a 3.9 billion parameter model similar to BERT. We show that careful attention to the placement of layer normalization in BERT-like models is critical to achieving increased performance as the model size grows. Using the GPT-2 model we achieve SOTA results on the WikiText103 (10.8 compared to SOTA perplexity of 15.8) and LAMBADA (66.5% compared to SOTA accuracy of 63.2%) datasets. Our BERT model achieves SOTA results on the RACE dataset (90.9% compared to SOTA accuracy of 89.4%).
Mapped Convolutions (2019)

We present a versatile formulation of the convolution operation that we term a "mapped convolution." The standard convolution operation implicitly samples the pixel grid and computes a weighted sum. Our mapped convolution decouples these two components, freeing the operation from the confines of the image grid and allowing the kernel to process any type of structured data. As a test case, we demonstrate its use by applying it to dense inference on spherical data. We perform an in-depth study of existing spherical image convolution methods and propose an improved sampling method for equirectangular images. Then, we discuss the impact of data discretization when deriving a sampling function, highlighting drawbacks of the cube map representation for spherical data. Finally, we illustrate how mapped convolutions enable us to convolve directly on a mesh by projecting the spherical image onto a geodesic grid and training on the textured mesh. This method exceeds the state of the art for spherical depth estimation by nearly 17%. Our findings suggest that mapped convolutions can be instrumental in expanding the application scope of convolutional neural networks.
<title>Progress on the Development of Luminescent Solar Concentrators</title> (1980)

Various planar configurations of the luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) are discussed including: the uniformly doped, the stacked plate, the thin film, and the multilayered film LSC. Radiation which is lost from the luminescent plate by falling within the critical angle for total internal reflection is examined in terms of the above configurations. A ten parameter efficiency profile has been developed to better evaluate the collector performance and to allow direct comparison with other photovoltaic devices. A collector efficiency of 3.2% is reported and the feasibility of 8-10% efficient devices discussed. Several optical distribution factors have been defined and experimentally evaluated for the luminescent plate and associated photovoltaic cell. These factors have been used to calculate a plate-to-cell optical coupling coefficient for two commercially available solar cells. LSC's based on organic and inorganic phosphor systems are compared and the problem of dye stability discussed.
Technological Solutions for Electronic Voting and Guarantees of the Integrity of the Electoral Process. A Case Study (2012)

This paper attempts to show, on the basis of a specific example, that a balanced simple and transparent design for the process of identification and in-person electronic voting is essential to safeguard the basic rights of voters
Naloxone-Induced Prolactin Secretion in Women: Evidence against a Direct Prolactin Stimulatory Effect of Endogenous Opioids* (1985)

Because both opioids and ovarian steroids influence PRL secretion, the relationship between these inputs to PRL control was investigated. Infusion of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (1.6 mg/h for 4-8 h) failed to alter serum PRL levels in hypogonadal women or normal women in the early follicular or late luteal phase. In contrast, a prompt and sustained naloxone-induced release of PRL was found in the late follicular and midluteal phases of the cycle, with maximum increments (mean +/- SE) of 16.9 +/- 5.3 and 9.7 +/- 3.2 ng/ml, respectively. In the luteal phase women, the number of PRL pulses was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater during naloxone than during saline infusion (3.4 vs. 1.6 pulses/8 h), and a positive linear correlation was found between the integrated PRL response to naloxone and the levels of circulating estradiol (r = 0.62) and progesterone (r = 0.95). When serum LH concentrations were determined in the same samples, a significantly (P less than 0.001) greater synchrony of PRL with LH pulses during naloxone infusion (96%) compared to that during saline infusion (36%) was found in the luteal phase women. Thus, naloxone infusion induced an increase in pulsatile PRL release which was synchronized with LH pulses. These findings, not previously reported, suggest that a common neuroendocrine mechanism is involved in the opioidergic control of PRL and LH secretion and that this effect of naloxone is manifested only during high ovarian steroid environments.
Sketching and streaming algorithms for processing massive data (2012)

The rate at which electronic information is generated in the world is exploding. In this article we explore techniques known as sketching and streaming for processing massive data both quickly and memory-efficiently.
Single-Phase Differential Buck–Boost Inverter With Pulse Energy Modulation and Power Decoupling Control (2018)

This paper presents a single-phase differential buck-boost inverter that possesses both buck-boost and active power decoupling functions without adding any power electronics or increasing the complexity of driver circuits, as compared with the previous differential inverters. Two types of operating principles are introduced: the unipolar operation with new pulse energy modulation technique enabling the inverter to operate under both discontinuous conduction mode and continuous conduction mode, and the bipolar operation with energy-based active power decoupling delivering the second-order ripple power into the output film capacitors, thus eliminating the large electrolytic capacitor at the dc side. Small-signal modeling analysis is conducted to show the characteristics of the proposed system and control. Simulation and experimental results verified the feasibility of operating principles for the differential buck-boost inverter and successful power decoupling with substantial reduction of second-order component in the dc current.
A possibility to prevent recurrent melanoma, renal, breast and prostate cancer utilizing inexpensive powders containing specific dietary supplementary factors (2005)

The author reviews the development of a combined biological and immunological cancer treatment modality called 'bio-immunotherapy'. (non-author abstract)
Electrochemical Behavior of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors under Compressive Stress (2010)

The effect of compressive stress on the electrochemical behavior of flexible supercapacitors assembled with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film electrodes and 1 M aqueous electrolytes with different anions and cations were thoroughly investigated. The under-pressed capacitive and resistive features of the supercapacitors were studied by means of cyclic voltammetry measurements and electrochemical impedance analysis. The results demonstrated that the specific capacitance increased first and saturated in corresponding decreases of the series resistance, the charge-transfer resistance, and the Warburg diffusion resistance under an increased pressure from 0 to 1723.96 kPa. Wettability as well as ion-size effect of different aqueous electrolytes played important roles to determine the pressure dependence behavior of the suerpcapacitors under an applied pressure. An improved high-frequency capacitive response with 1172 Hz knee frequency, which is significantly higher compared to reported values, was observed under the compressive pressure of 1723.96 kPa, indicating an improving and excellent high-power capability of the supercapacitors under the pressure. The experimental results and the thorough analysis described in this work not only provide fundamental insight of pressure effects on supercapacitors but also give an important guideline for future design of next generation flexible/stretchable supercapacitors for industrial and consumer applications.
A survey of three dialogue models (1986)

A dialogue model is an abstract model that is used to describe the structure of the dialogue between a user and an interactive computer system. Dialogue models form the basis of the notations that are used in user interface management systems (UIMS). In this paper three classes of dialogue models are investigated. These classes are transition networks, grammars, and events. Formal definitions of all three models are presented, along with algorithms for converting the notations into an executable form. It is shown that the event model has the greatest descriptive power. Efficient algorithms for converting from the transition diagram and grammar models to the event model are presented. The implications of these results for the design and implementation of UIMSs are also discussed.
Creation of a nematic phase in mixtures of smectic A<sub>1</sub>phases (1986)

Abstract Phase diagrams were determined for binary mixtures consisting of two 5-n-alkyl-2-(4'-isothiocyanatophenyl)-1,3-dioxane compounds (n-DBT) or 4'-isothio-cyanatophenyl 4-(trans-4'-n-decylcyclohexyl)benzoate and n-DBT. All compounds investigated have monolayer smectic A phases. A nematic phase in the upper temperature range and a nematic gap between two smectic regions also were observed, with the smectic layer spacing ratio, d/d', of 1.23 and 1.87 respectively. The variation of the enthalpy of transition with mixture composition in relation to changes of layer spacing ratio are also discussed for these systems.
Sound and Image: A Further Hearing (1989)

Research Article| October 01 1989 Sound and Image: A Further Hearing William Johnson William Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (1989) 43 (1): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.2307/1212710 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William Johnson; Sound and Image: A Further Hearing. Film Quarterly 1 October 1989; 43 (1): 24–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1212710 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1989 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Appendix (2015)

We show that a neural network with arbitrary depth and non-linearities, with dropout applied before every weight layer, is mathematically equivalent to an approximation to a well known Bayesian model. This interpretation might offer an explanation to some of dropout's key properties, such as its robustness to over-fitting. Our interpretation allows us to reason about uncertainty in deep learning, and allows the introduction of the Bayesian machinery into existing deep learning frameworks in a principled way. This document is an appendix for the main paper "Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learning" by Gal and Ghahramani, 2015.
Purcell effect and light extraction of Tamm-plasmon-cavity green light-emitting diodes (2019)

Tamm plasmons (TPs), whose plasmon modes are confined at the Bragg reflector/metal interface due to the photonic stopband of the reflector and the negative dielectric constant of the metal, exhibit many advantages over the conventional surface plasmons (SPs) and potential applications in sensors, filters, optical circuits and light-emitting devices. In this paper, a TP-cavity structure has been proposed for accelerating the light emission and alleviating the large metal loss, which is hopeful for solving the efficiency droop and "green gap" problems in InGaN green light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The light emission performance of TP-cavity LEDs was systematically investigated based on transfer matrix and finite-difference time domain methods. Purcell factor (F<sub>p</sub>) and light extraction efficiency (LEE) were both remarkably enhanced, which would be attributed to the presence of the TP and/or SP modes induced by the TP-cavity structure. In addition, two important factors including the thicknesses of the top Ag film and medium layer were investigated in detail and taken into account for the balance between the F<sub>p</sub> and the LEE. Finally, light emission intensity was significantly enhanced for the TP-cavity green LEDs after the structure optimization as compared to the conventional green LEDs.
Welding vacuum jacketed piping at the Kennedy Space Center (1975)

The present work describes fabrication, welding, and repair procedures and specifications for the vacuum jacketed piping used for conveying cryogenic fuels at space vehicle launch sites. The weld inspection procedures are described, and some examples of modifications of the piping are presented.