gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in Vivo and in Vitro Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Production by Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (1994)

Prostaglandin E2 has been identified as an immunosuppressive factor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Spontaneous prostaglandin E2 production by 21 cancer cell lines, which were obtained from 17 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, was determined by radioimmunoassay. In comparison with normal keratinocyte cultures, prostaglandin E2 production by cancer cell lines was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). Prostaglandin E2 levels demonstrated no correlation to the site, stage, or histopathologic differentiation of the tumor. In a separate group of 17 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, tumor cells were isolated from fresh tumor specimens, and 24-hour PGE2 production in vitro was assayed. No correlation was found with tumor site, stage, or 2-year disease-free survival. Although prostaglandin E2 may have biologic significance in vivo in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, these findings suggest that measurements of tumor cell-derived prostaglandin E2 are not predictive of biologic behavior.
The Application of 3-D Scanner in the Representation of Building Construction Site (2002)

This study offers a method for creating a representation of an on-going construction site by using a geometric approach. The representation includes the definition of 3D data between the design and construction stages. A method is proposed for using a 3D long-range laser scanner to retrieve information on site occurrences, in order to describe the building construction process based on what really occurs at a site. 3D scans are made in stages or at various time intervals. Retrieved shapes are collected in a discrete manner or in a configuration as a whole. The data collection is conducted wholly or selectively for key referencing based on registration points. Investigated issues involved are target positioning, identification, retrieval, tracking of objects, behavior description, characteristic description, and integration of segmental geometric information. A special procedure is developed to fabricate initialized object parts through a 3D rapid prototyping process to facilitate communication in substantiated form.
The Excitation of Balanced Transmission Line Modes in Bulk Current Injection Measurements (2009)

Representative bulk current injection probes are experimentally characterized showing that a significant amount of differential mode current can be excited in a two-wire transmission line, even within the published operating frequency ranges of the probes. The experiment was carried out using a specialized test fixture, which allows precise orientation of the two-wire transmission line with respect to the current probe. It was found that maximum coupling to the balanced transmission line mode occurs when the plane of the primary winding in the probe is parallel to the plane of the two-wire transmission line. The excitation of the balanced mode is tied to an azimuthal variation of the electromagnetic field of the probe. Somewhat unexpectedly, this azimuthal variation has been found to be due at least in part to loss in the magnetic material. This behaviour is qualitatively verified using an electromagnetic simulation in which the dispersion of the ferrite is included.
NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE 3.4.24.11 INHIBITION POTENTIATES THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF TYPE‐C NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ON LEUKOTRIENE D<sub>4</sub>‐INDUCED AIRWAY CHANGES (1998)

1. Microvascular leakage, a primary feature of inflammation, is well known for worsening the asthmatic condition. Gene expression of and a specific receptor for type-C natriuretic peptide (CNP), initially considered a neuropeptide, have been detected in the human vascular wall and secretion of CNP from vascular endothelial cells has recently been demonstrated. These facts suggest the presence of a vascular natriuretic peptide system and led us to expect that CNP may act beneficially on airway microvascular leakage in asthma. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CNP against leukotriene (LT) D4-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction and how these effects were potentiated by thiorphan, a potent neutral endopeptidase 3.4.24.11 (NEP) inhibitor. 2. Anaesthetized male guinea-pigs, ventilated via a tracheal cannula, were placed into a plethysmograph for 10 min, in order to measure pulmonary mechanics and mean blood pressure, after challenge with 2 micrograms/kg LTD4 and then the extravasation of 20 mg/kg Evans blue dye into airway tissue was investigated to indicate and evaluate microvascular leakage. 3. Intravenous administration of CNP (100, 300 and 1000 micrograms/kg) significantly inhibited the LTD4-induced microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were enhanced by pretreatment with 20 mg/kg thiorphan, suggesting the important role of NEP in the pulmonary metabolism of CNP. 4. We believe that these results are encouraging for the further investigation of the therapeutic applications of exogenous CNP in asthma.
A Case of Life-threatening Actinomyces turicensis Bacteremia (2020)

<i>Actinomyces turicensis</i> (<i>A. turicensis</i>) are normal commensals of the oral, gut, vagina, and skin flora. Infection with these organisms is usually benign, and bacteremia is rare. Here, we describe a case of an otherwise healthy female patient presenting with renal calculi and life-threatening <i>A. turicensis</i> bacteremia. The patient did not have any risk factors for <i>A. turicensis</i> bacteremia. The patient developed multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and received a biodegradable right ureter stent. The patient improved with urosurgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic coverage.
High-throughput production of<i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i>proteins: considerations for metalloproteins (2004)

Free-living prokaryotic organisms contain all of the proteins required for the basic biochemical processes of life. As part of the Southeastern Collaboratory for Structural Genomics (SECSG), Pyrococcus furiosus is being used as a model system for developing a high-throughput protein expression and purification protocol. Its 1.9 million basepair genome encodes approximately 2200 putative proteins, less than 25% of which show similarity to any structurally characterized protein in the Protein Data Bank. The overall goal of the structural genomics initiative is to determine, in total, all existing protein folds. The immediate objective of this work is to obtain recombinant forms of all P. furiosus proteins in their functional states for structural determination. Proteins successfully produced by overexpression in another organism such as the bacterium Escherichia coli typically contain a single subunit, are soluble and do not contain (complex) cofactors. Analyses of the P. furiosus genome suggest that perhaps only a quarter of the genes encode proteins that would fall into this category. The hypothesis is that lack of the appropriate cofactor or of the partner protein(s) necessary to form a complex are major reasons why many recombinant proteins are insoluble. This work describes development of the production pipeline with attention to prediction and incorporation of cofactors.
Expression of Abstraction (2015)

Novices struggle with the implementation of algorithms in code. Assessments asking students to describe algorithms in code have shown that use of abstractions in the descriptions have correlated with students' ability to produce algorithms in code. In this study, 24 introductory computer science students were asked to think out loud while writing code involving simple array algorithms in an online system. Student statements were classified based on the level of abstraction used in the statement. An analysis of the statements revealed that students with greater proficiency at writing code were more likely to use multiple levels of abstraction when describing the code they were writing, and moved between levels with higher frequency than less proficient students. The results align with self explanation research and provide insight into the cognitive mechanisms responsible for the transfer between the skills of reading and writing code.
Use of quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in the elucidation of unknown compounds present in environmental water (2004)

Target compound monitoring is often not sufficient to assess the quality of water, as many of the unknown micro-contaminants present might be a threat to the environment and human health. In this work, the potential of hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) in the elucidation of unknown compounds in environmental water samples has been explored. Based on accurate mass measurement, possible elemental compositions for the precursor ions were calculated. Using model compounds, a useful strategy was developed, enabling determination and evaluation of potential molecular formulae for the detected unknowns. The possibility of performing tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) acquisitions to obtain product ion spectra in accurate mass mode also helped to elucidate the structures of these unknowns or to detect some functional groups, to further evaluate potential formulae. The remaining formulae were searched against available databases such as the Merck Index and the NIST library. Where standards were commercially available, retention time and MS/MS data were both also used as confirmatory tools. The approach developed was applied for the identification of unknown compounds in different types of water. To improve sensitivity, environmental water samples were preconcentrated on-line in a polymeric cartridge by direct injection of 2 mL water into the SPE-LC/MS/MS system. For three unknowns, structures were proposed and confirmed with standards. Although other compounds could not be unequivocally identified based on the data available within this study, details about the possible structures of some are given.
Study on load transformation networks for differential common drain class-B RF power amplifier (2011)

Common drain class-B PAs have the potential of providing high linearity and efficiency. This work analyses the performance of differential common drain class-B power amplifiers (PAs) in terms of linearity, efficiency and time-domain waveforms depending on the load transformation network (LTN) used. Four different LTNs, which provide the required impedance conditions for class-B operation are analysed and the circuit performance of common drain PAs is verified and compared in simulations. The transformer based LTN shows maximum linearity due to the high degree of symmetry. Third-order intermodulation distortion, IMD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> at 3 dB output power back-off from 1 dB compression point, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> is 36 dBc while second harmonic rejection is 103 dBc at an input power of 20 dBm. Peak power added efficiency, PAE of 40.6 % was achieved with this configuration. An equivalent off-chip load network achieves peak PAE of 30 % with IMD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> rejection of 31 dBc at 3 dB back-off from P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> and second harmonic rejection of 24.7 dBc for an input power of 20 dBm. A compromise between area and integration complexity can be obtained with the other two designs analysed. The results confirm that differential common drain class-B PAs have the potential of providing good linearity also for modern digitally modulated signals.
New Heterocyclic β-Sheet Ligands with Peptidic Recognition Elements (2004)

A detailed and comprehensive overview is presented about the design, modeling, and synthesis, as well as spectroscopic characterization, of a new class of beta-sheet ligands. The characteristic feature of these compounds is a peptidic chimeric structure formed from a specific combination of aminopyrazolecarboxylic acids with naturally occurring alpha-amino acids. These hybrid peptides are designed with the aid of molecular modeling to exist mainly in an extended conformation. All their hydrogen bond donors and acceptors can be aligned at the bottom face in such a way that a perfect complementarity toward beta-sheets is obtained. Thus the aminopyrazoles impart rigidity and a highly efficient DAD sequence for the recognition of whole dipeptide fragments, whereas the natural alpha-amino acids are designed to mimick recognition sites in proteins, ultimately leading to sequence-selective protein recognition. The synthetic protocols either rely upon solution phase peptide coupling with a PMB protecting group strategy or solid-phase peptide coupling based on the Fmoc strategy, using the same protecting group. In solution, a key building block was prepared by catalytic reduction of a nitropyrazolecarboxylic acid precursor. Subsequently, it was (N-1)-protected with a PMB group, and elongated by HCTU- or T3P-assisted peptide coupling with dipeptide fragments, followed by PyClop-assisted coupling with another nitropyrazolecarboxylic acid building block. Final simultaneous deprotection of all PMB groups with hot TFA completed the high-yield protocol, which works racemization-free. After preparing a similar key building block with an Fmoc protection at N-3, we developed a strategy suitable for automated synthesis of larger hybrid ligands on a peptide synthesizer. Attachment of the first amino acid to a polystyrene resin over the Sieber amide linker is followed by an iterative sequence consisting of Fmoc deprotection with piperidine and subsequent coupling with natural alpha-amino acid via HATU/HOAt. High yields of free hybrid peptides are obtained after mild acidic cleavage from the resin, followed by deprotection of the PMB groups with hot TFA. The new aminopyrazole peptide hybrid compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic measurements including CD spectra, VT, and ROESY NMR experiments. All these accumulated data indicate the absence of any intramolecular hydrogen bonds and strongly support an extended conformation in solution, ideal for docking on to solvent-exposed beta-sheets in proteins. Initial results from aggregation tests of pathological proteins with these and related ligands look extremely promising.
An IoT based Control System for a Solar Membrane Distillation Plant used for Greenhouse Irrigation (2019)

This paper presents a control strategy that uses the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to manage a smart-grid framework including a solar desalination facility and a group of greenhouses that demand water for irrigation. In addition, the water public utility network has also been considered an agent of this smart-grid framework. The controller is based on a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy which uses information, by means of an IoT platform, coming from each one of the facilities included in the smart-grid to calculate the optimal control actions in the Cloud. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Salvianolic Acid B in Microemulsion Formulation Provided Sufficient Hydration for Dry Skin and Ameliorated the Severity of Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis in Mice (2020)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a pathogenesis involving the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis. Salvianolic acid B exerts several pharmacological effects, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antitumor effects. The anti-psoriatic effects of salvianolic acid B have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimum vehicle for salvianolic acid B, investigate its therapeutic effect on psoriatic-like skin conditions, and explore its underlying mechanisms of action. BALB/c mice were administered topical imiquimod to induce psoriasis-like skin and were then randomly assigned to control, vehicle control, salvianolic acid B in vehicles, and 0.25% desoximetasone ointment treatment groups. Barrier function, cytokine expression, histology assessment, and disease severity were evaluated. The results showed that salvianolic acid B-containing microemulsion alleviated disease severity, reduced acanthosis, and inhibited interleukin-23/interleukin-17 (IL-23/IL-17) cytokines, epidermal proliferation, and increased skin hydration. Our study suggests that salvianolic acid B represents a possible new therapeutic drug for the treatment of psoriasis. In addition, such formulation could obtain high therapeutic efficacy in addition to providing sufficient hydration for dry skin.
Polymer Modeling at The Dow Chemical Company (2004)

Abstract Polymer modeling plays a vital role in industrial product and process development. Polymer modeling is an integral component of the research and development paradigm at The Dow Chemical Company. The integrated multidisciplinary and multiscale modeling paradigm implemented at Dow is reviewed first in this article. Overviews are then provided of polymer modeling performed in the context of seven different Dow projects, namely: mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymers; polymer/clay nanocomposites; polyol templating; flow induced crystallization and polymer process modeling; polymer design via high‐throughput modeling; linear, branched, and/or network chain architectures; and water vapor transport in a polymer matrix composite.
Modal Gain Analysis of Transverse Bragg Resonance Waveguide Lasers With and Without Transverse Defects (2007)

We use a transfer matrix method to analyze the modal gain of transverse Bragg resonance (TBR) structures. We show that these TBR structures can support two types of modes characterized by different modal angles: small mode angle (SMA) modes and TBR modes. We discuss the origin, modal properties and field distributions of both the TBR modes and SMA modes. Three different feedback mechanisms are proposed to select the desired TBR modes.
Inhibition of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor early in disease ameliorates motor deficits in SCA1 mice (2017)

Background: Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the protein Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a fatal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits, cerebellar neurodegeneration, and gliosis. Currently, there are no treatments available to delay or ameliorate SCA1. We have examined the effect of depleting microglia during the early stage of disease by using PLX, an inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSFR1), on disease severity in a mouse model of SCA1. Methods: Transgenic mouse model of SCA1, ATXN1[82Q] mice, and wild-type littermate controls were treated with PLX from 3 weeks of age. The effects of PLX on microglial density, astrogliosis, motor behavior, atrophy, and gene expression of Purkinje neurons were examined at 3 months of age. Results: PLX treatment resulted in the elimination of 70-80% of microglia from the cerebellum of both wild-type and ATXN1[82Q] mice. Importantly, PLX ameliorated motor deficits in SCA1 mice. While we have not observed significant improvement in the atrophy or disease-associated gene expression changes in Purkinje neurons upon PLX treatment, we have detected reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and increase in the protein levels of wild-type ataxin-1 and post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) that may help improve PN function. Conclusions: A decrease in the number of microglia during an early stage of disease resulted in the amelioration of motor deficits in SCA1 mice.
A Green Hunsdiecker Reaction of Cinnamic Acids (2013)

Os ácidos tribromo-e tricloro-isocianúricos reagem com ácidos cinâmicos na presença de NaOH/H 2 O/Et 2 O à temperatura ambiente para produzir regiosseletivamente (E)-2-halo-estirenos em 25-95% de rendimento.Estudo sobre o mecanismo da reação utilizando correlações Hammett e cálculos DFT (teoria do funcional da densidade) mostraram que esta reação tem como passo determinante a velocidade da adição eletrofílica de um átomo de cloro à ligação dupla.Tribromo-and trichloroisocyanuric acids react with cinnamic acids in NaOH/H 2 O/Et 2 O at room temperature to produce (E)-2-halostyrenes regioselectively in 25-95% yield.Mechanism studies using Hammett correlations and DFT (density functional theory) calculations have shown that this reaction has as rate determining step the electrophilic addition of chlorine atom to the double bond.
Professional Shift-Work Drivers who Adopt Prophylactic Naps can Reduce the Risk of Car Accidents During Night Work (2004)

Our data seem to confirm that napping before working a night shift is an effective countermeasure to alertness and performance deterioration associated with night work. Moreover, this self-initiated behavior could have a prophylactic efficacy in reducing the number of car accidents.
Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Vanadium-Nickel Alloys (1991)

Hydrogen permeation characteristics of palladium-plated vanadium and vanadium-nickel alloy membranes have been investigated using gas permeation technique in the temperature range 423–673 K and in the hydrogen pressure range 1×104−3×105 Pa. Hydrogen solubilities of vanadium-nickel alloys have been determined using a volumetric method in the temperature range 473–673 K and in the hydrogen pressure range 1×102−3×106Pa. The vanadium membranes shows a typical hydrogen embrittlement; cracking occurred during a hydrogen permeation at 473 K under an upstream hydrogen pressure of 1×104 Pa. The membranes of V-10 at% Ni and V-15 at% Ni alloys showed six to fifteen times and two to five times as high hydrogen permeabilities as the palladium membranes, respectively. The membranes of these alloys showed much stronger resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than that of the vanadium membrane. The membranes of V-10 at% Ni and V-15 at% Ni alloys did not show cracking during hydrogen permeation at 473 K under upstream hydrogen pressures of up to 6×104 Pa and 2×105 Pa, respectively. The number of the interstitial sites blocked by one solute nickel atom was estimated to be 1.8 at 673 K and under a hydrogen pressure of 1×105 Pa. The strong resistance of the alloys to the hydrogen embrittlement is attributed to the moderate decrease in the hydrogen solubility and the depression of the miscibility gap toward lower temperatures by adding nickel.