gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Estimation Method of Three-Dimensional Vertical View Angle for Polarized Stereoscopic Display (2014)

In this paper, we proposed a novel estimation method of three-dimensional (3D) vertical view angle for polarized stereoscopic display. The 3D view angle calculated by this method can be well consistent with the experimental data. It is also demonstrated that 3D view angle is proportional to pixel size (d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pixel</sub> ), black matrix (BM) width (m) and the refraction index of glass substrate (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">glass</sub> ), however, inversely proportional to the thickness of glass substrate (d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">glass</sub> ) and polarizer film (d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pol</sub> ). Meanwhile, using this method we studied the pattern retarder (PR) film alignment shift and its shrinkage effects on 3D view angle. It is given that when the attachment misalign of PR film is 10 μm, 3D view angle has a shift of around 0.95 °, while the total angle of up and down directions almost keeps constant, the shift of view angle has a linear relation with the misalign. Moreover a shrinkage pitch of PR pattern compared with pixel size shows better 3D view angle and feeling.
Gastric Electrical Stimulation Is Associated With Improvement in Pancreatic Exocrine Function in Humans (2004)

GES improves exocrine pancreatic release, effects autonomic control, and improves GI symptoms, suggesting a possible role for GES in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency associated with gastroparesis.
A SEX ATTRACTANT FOR MALES OF THE CUTWORM <i>EUXOA PLEURITICA</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) (1978)

Abstract Male moths of Euxoa pleuritica (Grote) were strongly attracted to mixtures of Z 7-dodecenyl acetate, Z 7-dodecenyl alcohol, and Z 5-dodecenyl acetate, the optimum ratios being in the range 5:1:1–5:5:1. The attractant worked best at very low dose levels and was entirely species-specific.
N-Phase Interface Tracking Method Based on Prime Enumeration of Microcells (2004)

This paper presents a general method for tracking N incompressible materials and their associated interfaces, where N may be an integer greater than 2. Two key components are fundamental to the method. First, is the concept of a microgrid element or cell, which is uniquely identified or associated with a fluid material. Second, is a method for uniquely identifying a microcell through the use of prime numbers. The approach implements a microcell methodology embedded on a regular grid to further subdivide and then tag the material components of the computational system via a prime numbering algorithm. The microcells motion are then tracked, driven by local velocity conditions computed at the macrogrid level, and rectifying small anomalies by a coupled evaluation of local volume fraction fields and global mass conservation. Volume fractions can be calculated at any time step by an evaluation of the prime number distribution so that average cellular density and viscosity values can be regularly updated at the macrogrid level. This paper, then, presents the details of the microgrid method and illustrates its capabilities through two-dimensional, N-component, problem simulations.
Mass-spectrometric identification of carbamylated proteins present in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls (2021)

We conclude that numerous carbamylated proteins are present in the RA joint. These carbamylated proteins can be recognised by anti-CarP antibodies, substantiating the notion that anti-CarP antibodies may play a role in the pathogenesis of RA.
Fabrication of optical micro-cantilever consisting of channel waveguide for scanning near-field optical microscopy controlled by atomic force (1999)

We developed a novel optical micro-cantilever for scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), evaluated its mechanical properties, and applied it for SNOM. A cantilever-shaped channel waveguide with an aperture is bent and it is operated in atomic force mode. By combining the conventional lithography techniques and the waveguide bending process, we can fabricate a probe with the shape and the mechanical properties most desirable for given samples and conditions. Our optical micro-cantilever has resonance frequency similar to the conventional optical fiber probe, and it has a spring constant much smaller. We used this optical micro-cantilever for SNOM in contact mode, and confirmed that it gives optical images with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
Physics of Lippmann (holographic/multilayer) Bragg structures (1985)

It was shown that Kogelnik's coupling constant, 1 proportional to the product of refractive-index modulation and number of layers can be a useful parameter in comparative analysis of diffraction efficiency and bandwidth of different Bragg-Lippmann structures including holographic Lippmann reflection filters, 2,3 dielectric multilayers, rugate filters, etc. In particular, in the case of dielectric multilayers, the refractive-index modulation is relatively high while the number of layers is relatively low, while for Lippmann holograms, the situation is exactly opposite (number of layers even up to 500). In this paper the basic parameters of Bragg-Lippmann structures such as diffraction efficiency, bandwidth, spectral characteristics profile, refractive-index profile, Bragg wavelength range, and Bragg wavelength nonuniformity are discussed from the point of view of material effects including material scattering/absorption, local defects, and scattering on interfaces. The analysis results are used to verify possible broadband and narrowband energy-related applications. Also, the possible hybrid systems are considered.
Peak-to-average power ratio reduction for block transmission systems in the presence of transmit filtering (2002)

This paper investigates peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction in block transmission systems when the effects of transmit filters are included. Two new algorithms are presented that reduce the PAR more than conventional PAR methods. These algorithms are shown to be effective in multicarrier modulation. An improvement of over 2 dB is shown for block lengths of size 256.
Native Chemical Ligation of Hydrophobic Peptides in Lipid Bilayer Systems (2004)

The covalent modification of water-insoluble membrane polypeptides incorporated into lipid bilayers\nby native chemical ligation is described. The key feature of this strategy is the use of cubic lipidic\nphase (CLP) matrixes as reaction media. The CLP-matrix consists of a lipid bilayer into which\nhydrophobic polypeptides and folded membrane proteins can be inserted and two unbounded aqueous\nchannels that give the aqueous phase access to both sides of an infinite lipid bilayer and thus ensure\nthat modification of solvent-exposed sites is independent of the topology of membrane incorporation.\nThe enzymatic removal of an N-terminal proteolytic cleavage sequence from the membrane polypeptide\nexposes an N-terminal cysteine residue. Subsequently, a C-terminal thioester peptide is joined to the\nN-terminus of the polypeptide by a native chemical ligation reaction. By use of this approach,\nincorporation of a variety of molecular tools, such as spectroscopic probes, unnatural amino acids,\nand molecular markers into membrane proteins that cannot be easily solubilized in detergent or\ndenaturant solutions, may be achieved.
FSTL1 promotes arthritis in mice by enhancing inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression (2011)

These findings demonstrate that FSTL1 up-regulates proinflammatory mediators important in the pathology of arthritis, and that serum levels of FSTL1 correlate with severity of arthritis. The latter supports the possibility that FSTL1 might be a target for treatment of certain forms of arthritis.
Toughening method and mechanisms for thermosets (2005)

Abstract A new toughening method that can be used to improve toughness for thermosets was developed. The method involved heat treatment to produce compressive residual stresses around hollow microspheres in solidified matrix. An epoxy resin system with expandable hollow microspheres for modification was adopted for demonstration. Toughening based on the method was shown to be more than twice as effective than the usual hollow microsphere toughening and its major toughening mechanism was deduced to be due to compressive residual stresses rather than cavitation. A necessary condition for cavitation in the presence of compressive residual stress was proposed and comparatively discussed for the toughening mechanisms involved. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1663–1667, 2005
Probiotic Lactobacillus spp. Act Against Helicobacter pylori-induced Inflammation (2019)

The bacterial species, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, and poses serious health threats owing to its resistance to antibiotics. <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp., on the other hand, possess probiotic activities that have beneficial effects in humans. However, the mechanisms by which <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. harbor favorable functions and act against <i>H. pylori</i> infection remain to be explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of bacterial strains, <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, termed GMNL-74 and GMNL-185, respectively, to inhibit <i>H. pylori</i> growth and inflammation. Our results showed that GMNL-74 and GMNL-185 possess potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant (MDR)-<i>H. pylori</i>. In addition, an in vitro cell-based model revealed that the inhibition of <i>H. pylori</i> adhesion and invasion of gastric epithelial cells and interleukin-8 production were significantly decreased by treatment with both the <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains. In vivo studies demonstrated that colonization of <i>H. pylori</i> and induced inflammation in the mouse stomach were also alleviated by these <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains. Furthermore, the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, including <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. and <i>Akkermansia muciniphilia</i>, were significantly increased in <i>H. pylori</i>-infected mice treated with GMNL-74 and GMNL-185. These results demonstrate that <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. ameliorate <i>H. pylori</i>-induced inflammation and supports beneficial gut specific bacteria that act against <i>H. pylori</i> infection.
fMRI alignment based on local functional connectivity patterns (2012)

In functional neuroimaging studies, the inter-subject alignment of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is a necessary precursor to improve functional consistency across subjects. Traditional structural MRI based registration methods cannot achieve accurate inter-subject functional consistency in that functional units are not necessarily consistently located relative to anatomical structures due to functional variability across subjects. Although spatial smoothing commonly used in fMRI data preprocessing can reduce the inter-subject functional variability, it may blur the functional signals and thus lose the fine-grained information. In this paper we propose a novel functional signal based fMRI image registration method which aligns local functional connectivity patterns of different subjects to improve the inter-subject functional consistency. Particularly, the functional connectivity is measured using Pearson correlation. For each voxel of an fMRI image, its functional connectivity to every voxel in its local spatial neighborhood, referred to as its local functional connectivity pattern, is characterized by a rotation and shift invariant representation. Based on this representation, the spatial registration of two fMRI images is achieved by minimizing the difference between their corresponding voxels' local functional connectivity patterns using a deformable image registration model. Experiment results based on simulated fMRI data have demonstrated that the proposed method is more robust and reliable than the existing fMRI image registration methods, including maximizing functional correlations and minimizing difference of global connectivity matrices across different subjects. Experiment results based on real resting-state fMRI data have further demonstrated that the proposed fMRI registration method can statistically significantly improve functional consistency across subjects.
Development and Application of a Novel Microfabricated Device for the <i>In Situ </i> Tensile Testing of 1-D Nanomaterials (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report on the development and application of a silicon microdevice for the <emphasis emphasistype="italic"> in situ</emphasis> quantitative mechanical characterization of single 1-D nanomaterials within a scanning electron microscope equipped with a quantitative nanoindenter. The design makes it possible to convert a compressive nanoindentation force applied to a shuttle to uniaxial tension on a specimen attached to a sample stage. Finite-element analysis and experimental calibration have been employed to extract the specimen stress versus strain curve from the indentation load versus displacement curve. The stress versus strain curves for three 200–300-nm-diameter Ni nanowire specimens are presented and analyzed.<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hfill$</tex></formula>[2009-0271] </para>
Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Phosphines (2007)

This account summarizes our attempts to develop metal-catalyzed asymmetric syntheses of P-stereogenic phosphines. While such phosphines undergo pyramidal inversion slowly at room temperature, inversion is rapid in metal-phosphido com­plexes (M-PR2). These observations were the basis for catalytic, dynamic kinetic resolution processes in which racemic secondary phosphines [PR(R′)H] were converted into enantioenriched tertiary phosphines [PR(R′)(R′′)] by platinum-catalyzed asymmetric hydrophosphination of acrylonitrile or related Michael acceptors, by ­palladium-catalyzed asymmetric phosphination of aryl iodides using secondary phosphines or phosphine-boranes, and by platinum-catalyzed asymmetric alkylation of secondary phosphines. The key intermediates were diastereomeric phosphido complexes with chiral ancillary ligands (Ln*-M-PRR′). Their relative rates of P-inversion and phosphorus-carbon bond formation controlled the enantioselectivity of product formation, whether the phosphorus-carbon bonds were formed by reductive elimination (for Pd), or by the reaction of a platinum-phosphido complex with an electrophile (an alkene in hydrophosphination, or a benzyl bromide in alkylation). The results of mechanistic studies and their use in the design of improved catalytic reactions are described.
Conception and preliminary evaluation of an optical fibre sensor for simultaneous measurement of pressure and temperature (2009)

This paper presents a novel concept of simultaneously measuring pressure and temperature using a silica optical fibre extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) pressure sensor incorporating a fibre Bragg grating (FBG), which is constructed entirely from fused- silica. The novel device is used to simultaneously provide accurate pressure and temperature readings at the point of measurement. Furthermore, the FBG temperature measurement is used to eliminate the temperature cross-sensitivity of the EFPI pressure sensor.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Wavenumber-Spiral Frequency-Steerable Acoustic Transducer for Source Localization in Plate Structures (2013)

This paper reports on the fabrication and the experimental characterization of a wavenumber frequency-steerable acoustic transducer (WS-FSAT). Here, the transducer is employed for the localization of broadband acoustic events corresponding to the propagation of guided elastic waves in an isotropic plate. The WS-FSAT records the plate response and defines the source location through a time-frequency analysis of the received signal. This is achieved by exploiting the frequency selective response of the transducer which directly maps the dominant component of the received signal to the direction of arrival of the incoming wave. This feature is the result of the spatial filtering effect produced by the characteristic shape of the sensing surface, which is designed in the wavenumber domain. Experiments are performed on a prototype fabricated on a polyvinylidene fluoride substrate mounted on an aluminum test plate. Tests are conducted for various source locations, and with multiple sources activated simultaneously. The results highlight the robustness of the proposed device, its good sensitivity and angular resolution, as well as the low complexity of hardware and signal processing. This paper suggests the WS-FSAT as an attractive solution for the detection of broadband acoustic events, such as impacts on structural substrates, and its potential use as part of active structural health monitoring systems based on pitch-catch or pulse-echo operations.
Resolving Objects at Higher Resolution from a Single Motion-blurred Image (2007)

Motion blur can degrade the quality of images and is considered a nuisance for computer vision problems. In this paper, we show that motion blur can in-fact be used for increasing the resolution of a moving object. Our approach utilizes the information in a single motion-blurred image without any image priors or training images. As the blur size increases, the resolution of the moving object can be enhanced by a larger factor, albeit with a corresponding increase in reconstruction noise. Traditionally, motion deblurring and super-resolution have been ill-posed problems. Using a coded-exposure camera that preserves high spatial frequencies in the blurred image, we present a linear algorithm for the combined problem of deblurring and resolution enhancement and analyze the invertibility of the resulting linear system. We also show a method to selectively enhance the resolution of a narrow region of high-frequency features, when the resolution of the entire moving object cannot be increased due to small motion blur. Results on real images showing up to four times resolution enhancement are presented.
Live-Attenuated Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine With M2-2 Deletion and With Small Hydrophobic Noncoding Region Is Highly Immunogenic in Children (2020)

NCT03102034 and NCT03099291.
MUC4 mucin expression in human pancreatic tumours is affected by organ environment: the possible role of TGFβ2 (2004)

MUC4 is highly expressed in human pancreatic tumours and pancreatic tumour cell lines, but is minimally or not expressed in normal pancreas or chronic pancreatitis. Here, we investigated the aberrant regulation of MUC4 expression in vivo using clonal human pancreatic tumour cells (CD18/HPAF) grown either orthotopically in the pancreas (OT) or ectopically in subcutaneous tissue (SC) in the nude mice. Histological examination of the OT and SC tumours showed moderately differentiated and anaplastic morphology, respectively. The OT tumour cells showed metastases to distant lymph nodes and faster tumour growth (P<0.01) compared to the SC tumours. The MUC4 transcripts in OT tumours were very high compared to the undetectable levels in SC tumours. The SC tumour cells regained their ability to express MUC4 transcripts after in vitro culture. Immunohistochemical analysis using MUC4-specific polyclonal antiserum confirmed the results obtained by Northern blot analysis. Interestingly, the OT tumours showed expression of TGFbeta2 compared to no expression in SC, suggesting a possible link between MUC4 and TGFbeta2. The MUC4 expression, morphology, and metastasis of human pancreatic tumour cells are regulated by a local host microenvironment. TGFbeta2 may serve as an interim regulator of this function.
Quinol-based cyclic antioxidant mechanism in estrogen neuroprotection (2003)

Substantial evidence now exists that intrinsic free-radical scavenging contributes to the receptor-independent neuroprotective effects of estrogens. This activity is inherently associated with the presence of a phenolic A-ring in the steroid. We report a previously unrecognized antioxidant cycle that maintains the "chemical shield" raised by estrogens against the most harmful reactive oxygen species, the hydroxyl radical (*OH) produced by the Fenton reaction. In this cycle, the capture of *OH was shown to produce a nonphenolic quinol with no affinity to the estrogen receptors. This quinol is then rapidly converted back to the parent estrogen via an enzyme-catalyzed reduction by using NAD(P)H as a coenzyme (reductant) and, unlike redox cycling of catechol estrogens, without the production of reactive oxygen species. Due to this process, protection of neuronal cells against oxidative stress is also possible by quinols that essentially act as prodrugs for the active hormone. We have shown that the quinol obtained from a 17beta-estradiol derivative was, indeed, able to attenuate glutamate-induced oxidative stress in cultured hippocampus-derived HT-22 cells. Estrone quinol was also equipotent with its parent estrogen in reducing lesion volume in ovariectomized rats after transient middle carotid artery occlusion followed by a 24-h reperfusion. These findings may establish the foundation for a rational design of neuroprotective antioxidants focusing on steroidal quinols as unique molecular leads.
Hysteresis in floating-body PD/SOI CMOS circuits (2003)

In this paper the hysteretic (history-dependent) propagation gate delay of floating-body (FB) partially depleted (PD) SOI CMOS circuits is investigated. The change in gate propagation delay with time is examined with no preconditioning of the floating-body. The simulation-based analysis includes the sensitivity of the hysteresis to supply voltage, Wp/Wn (beta ratio), duty cycle, slew rate, output load, and initial state of the circuit. Basic physical mechanisms underlying the hysteretic circuit behavior are examined. The results identify the main contributors and general trends of hysteresis in FB PD/SOI circuits. The insight gained can ultimately be incorporated into conventional circuit timing tools. The results also reveal a circuit sizing methodology to minimize the hysteresis effects in circuits using PD/SOI technology.
A c- <i>myb</i> Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibits Normal Human Hematopoiesis in Vitro (1988)

The nuclear protein encoded by the proto-oncogene c-myb has been hypothesized to play an important role in the process of hematopoiesis, but direct proof of this function has been lacking. To address this issue, normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells were exposed to c-myb sense and antisense synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, and the effects on hematopoietic colony formation and maturation were examined. Exposure of these cells to c-myb antisense, oligodeoxynucleotides resulted in a decrease in both colony size and number, without apparent effect on the maturation of residual colony cells. Exposure to c-myb sense, or irrelevant antisense, oligonucleotides had no such effect. These results show that (i) c-myb plays a critical role in regulating normal human hematopoiesis and (ii) the combined use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and hematopoietic cell culture techniques will provide a powerful tool for studying the role of proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes, or other specific genes, in normal human hematopoiesis.