gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Stratification in Binary Colloidal Films from Microbeam X-ray Scattering: Toward Optimizing the Evaporative Assembly Processes for Coatings (2018)

Colloidal films have many important applications where a layered configuration is desirable, including flexible electronics, antireflective coatings, and antimicrobial paints. We report stratification during evaporative film formation in binary colloidal dispersions, probed using a novel microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. To our knowledge, SAXS approaches have not been used to experimentally obtain quantitative data of concentration profiles in multicomponent colloidal films. We measured the local scattering of a film at different vertical locations using a microfocused X-ray beam and determined particle concentrations at different film depths using a linear combination analysis of the mixed film and pure film scattering data. Using small particle size ratios ranging from 2.6 to 1.2, we experimentally observed and quantify three distinct stratification configurations: inverted small-on-top, large-on-top, and no stratification. Our results show some agreement with a previously proposed stratification state diagram, although there are some limitations. Experimental verification of these stratification phenomena is critical to fully understanding the physics of particle movement and structure development during film formation, which is crucial for optimizing evaporative assembly processes for coatings.
Simulation study of light transport in laser-processed LYSO:Ce detectors with single-side readout (2017)

A tightly focused pulsed laser beam can locally modify the crystal structure inside the bulk of a scintillator. The result is incorporation of so-called optical barriers with a refractive index different from that of the crystal bulk, that can be used to redirect the scintillation light and control the light spread in the detector. We here systematically study the scintillation light transport in detectors fabricated using the laser induced optical barrier technique, and objectively compare their potential performance characteristics with those of the two mainstream detector types: monolithic and mechanically pixelated arrays. Among countless optical barrier patterns, we explore barriers arranged in a pixel-like pattern extending all-the-way or half-way through a 20 mm thick LYSO:Ce crystal. We analyze the performance of the detectors coupled to MPPC arrays, in terms of light response functions, flood maps, line profiles, and light collection efficiency. Our results show that laser-processed detectors with both barrier patterns constitute a new detector category with a behavior between that of the two standard detector types. Results show that when the barrier-crystal interface is smooth, no DOI information can be obtained regardless of barrier refractive index (RI). However, with a rough barrier-crystal interface we can extract multiple levels of DOI. Lower barrier RI results in larger light confinement, leading to better transverse resolution. Furthermore we see that the laser-processed crystals have the potential to increase the light collection efficiency, which could lead to improved energy resolution and potentially better timing resolution due to higher signals. For a laser-processed detector with smooth barrier-crystal interfaces the light collection efficiency is simulated to >42%, and for rough interfaces >73%. The corresponding numbers for a monolithic crystal is 39% with polished surfaces, and 71% with rough surfaces, and for a mechanically pixelated array 35% with polished pixel surfaces and 59% with rough surfaces.
Efficient Algorithms for Testing Semiconductor Random-Access Memories (1978)

A fault model which views faults in semiconductor random-access memories at a functional level instead of at a basic gate level is presented. An efficient 0(n) algorithm to detect all faults in the fault model is described. The fault model is then extended to incorporate more complex faults. An 0(n · log2 n) algorithm is presented for one such extended fault model.
Optical tweezers for force measurements on DNA in nanopores (2006)

We demonstrate the means to integrate two powerful and widely used single-molecule techniques, viz., optical tweezers and solid-state nanopores. This setup permits simultaneous spatial sampling and high-resolution force measurements of nucleic acids and proteins. First, we demonstrate the rapid spatial localization of nanopores using our custom-built inverted microscope and ionic current measurements. This is made possible by including a specialized flow cell for silicon-based nanopores with an optical window for a high-numerical aperture microscope. Subsequently, we can insert individual DNA molecules into a single nanopore and arrest the DNA during voltage-driven translocation. To detect the position of the trapped particle in the optical trap with high accuracy in the presence of the nanopore, the optical tweezers uses reflected light from the bead for detection. Consequently, we can use our setup to directly determine the force on a DNA molecule in a solid-state nanopore. Finally, we suggest a number of new experiments that become possible with this unique technique.
Highly Efficient Platinum Group Metal Free Based Membrane‐Electrode Assembly for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (2014)

Abstract Low‐temperature electricity‐driven water splitting is an established technology for hydrogen production. However, the two main types, namely proton exchange membrane (PEM) and liquid alkaline electrolysis, have limitations. For instance, PEM electrolysis requires a high amount of costly platinum‐group‐metal (PGM) catalysts, and liquid alkaline electrolysis is not well suited for intermittent operation. Herein we report a highly efficient alkaline polymer electrolysis design, which uses a membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) based on low‐cost transition‐metal catalysts and an anion exchange membrane (AEM). This system exhibited similar performance to the one achievable with PGM catalysts. Moreover, it is very suitable for intermittent power operation, durable, and able to efficiently operate at differential pressure up to 3 MPa. This system combines the benefits of PEM and liquid alkaline technologies allowing the scalable production of low‐cost hydrogen from renewable sources.
New approach towards mini dental implants and small-diameter implants: an option for long-term prostheses. (2012)

BACKGROUND. Mini dental implants (MDI) and small diameter implants (SDI) have been extensively used as temporary or orthodontic anchorage; however there have been studies that proved their availability as a mean for long term prosthodontics. Our aim was to review the indications, advantages of MDI and SDI, and their long-term survival. METHODS. Computerized searches were conducted for clinical studies between year 2000 and 2011 that involved either implants with 3.3 mm diameter or less, used in prosthodontics; or provided a follow up of MDI or SDI duration of at least 4 months following implant placement including survival rate data. All studies about implants used in orthodontics were excluded. The range of available MDI and SDI has been found in cataloges of the companies: 3M ESPE IMTEC, Bicon Dental, Zimmer, Implant Direct, Intra lock, Hiossen, Simpler Implant, KAT Implants, OCO Biomedical, American Dental Implant. RESULTS. 41 studies meeting the above criteria were selected, 22 out of them reviewed survival rates of MDI and SDI. The follow up duration varried from 4 months to 8 years with survival rates between 91.17 and 100%. Nevertheless, the companies showed a big variety of MDI and SDI provided in the market for long term prostheses. CONCLUSIONS. Implants with small diameters can be used successfully in a variety of clinical situations. Less surgical time, less postoperative pain, ability of direct loading after surgery with no harm to bone and cost effectiveness are the advantages. The reduced surface implants require correct treatment planning so that the loading force would not cause bone loss or implant failure. MDI and SDI show high survival rates, but special cautions for bone quality and good oral hygiene should be maintained.
[Expression of HIF1-alpha on myocardium and lung in rats model of asphyxia death]. (2006)

The nuclear positive staining of HIF1-alpha in heart and lung can be a special character of suffocation death.
Improved electrochemical performance of tin-sulfide anodes for sodium-ion batteries (2015)

Due to their highly reversible capacity, tin-sulfide-based materials have gained attention as potential anodes for sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries.
Inhibition of endogenous HIF inactivation induces angiogenesis in ischaemic skeletal muscles of mice (2004)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) modulates transcriptional control of several genes involved in vascular growth and cellular metabolism. HIF activity can be enhanced by suppression of prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylase activity by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). We have compared the effects of DMOG treatment and femoral artery ligation individually or in combination on HIF-1alpha protein level, HIF-dependent gene expression and capillary-to-fibre ratio (C: F) in extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles of mice. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that HIF-1alpha is present in non-ischaemic mouse skeletal muscles, but its amount increased profoundly in response to the combination of DMOG treatment and ischaemia. Combined treatment resulted in 39% increase in C: F in ischaemic muscles (P < 0.0001 versus controls) whereas individual treatments produced little effect under our conditions. Combined treatment led to a significant increase in endogenous HIF-1alpha protein (6.14 +/- 1.1 versus 1.17 +/- 0.2 in controls; P < 0.05) that was not apparent in mice treated with DMOG or femoral artery ligation alone. Ischaemia increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein production by 2.5-fold (P < 0.05 versus controls), irrespective of DMOG treatment. However, production of the VEGF receptor Flk-1 was more enhanced in ischaemic + DMOG-treated muscles (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 compared with controls and untreated ischaemic muscles, respectively), which may explain the intensive growth of capillaries in those muscles. The findings indicate that treatment with DMOG has a potential therapeutic use in promoting angiogenesis in ischaemic diseases, and perhaps for improving muscle recovery after injury, exercise or training.
Bezel free design of organic light emitting diode display via a‐InGaZnO gate driver circuit integration within active array (2019)

Abstract In this article, we described an innovative design technology of active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display, to provide a bezel free design. We designed gate driver circuit of amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) not on the bezel area but within the active array. Although we applied challengeable design, no degradation of electrical/optical properties of panel was observed. Because we effectively prevented capacitive coupling and interference between the emission circuit and integrated gate driver circuit in active array, finally, we successfully demonstrated a bezel free designed AMOLED display of 18.3″ HD (1366 × 768) driven by a‐InGaZnO TFTs.
High-Throughput, Lossless Data Compresion on FPGAs (2011)

Loss less compression is often used before writing data to a storage medium or transmitting across a transmission medium. Compression aids by saving storage space or transmission bandwidth, a decompression operation is performed when the data is subsequently read. Though this scheme has clear benefits, the execution time of compression and decompression is critical to its application in real-time systems. Software compression utilities are often slow, leading to degraded system performance. Hardware-based solutions, on the other hand, often drive large resource requirements and are not amenable to supporting future algorithmic changes. In the current article, we present a high-throughput, streaming, loss less compression algorithm and its efficient implementation on FPGAs. The proposed solution provides a peak throughput of 1GB/sec per engine, with a sustained overall measured throughput of 2.66GB/sec on a PCIe-based FPGA board with two compression and two decompression engines. This result represents an overall speedup of 13.6× over reference software implementation. The proposed design is very lean, and, with multiple engines running in parallel, provides a path to potential speedups of up to two orders of magnitude. In the current implementation, the achievable overall throughput is limited only by the available PCIe bus bandwidth.
Directing the Deposition of Ferromagnetic Cobalt onto Pt-Tipped CdSe@CdS Nanorods: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights (2012)

A methodology providing access to dumbbell-tipped, metal-semiconductor and metal oxide-semiconductor heterostructured nanorods has been developed. The synthesis and characterization of CdSe@CdS nanorods incorporating ferromagnetic cobalt nanoinclusions at both nanorod termini (i.e., dumbbell morphology) are presented. The key step in the synthesis of these heterostructured nanorods was the decoration of CdSe@CdS nanorods with platinum nanoparticle tips, which promoted the deposition of metallic CoNPs onto Pt-tipped CdSe@CdS nanorods. Cobalt nanoparticle tips were then selectively oxidized to afford CdSe@CdS nanorods with cobalt oxide domains at both termini. In the case of longer cobalt-tipped nanorods, heterostructured nanorods were observed to self-organize into complex dipolar assemblies, which formed as a consequence of magnetic associations of terminal CoNP tips. Colloidal polymerization of these cobalt-tipped nanorods afforded fused nanorod assemblies from the oxidation of cobalt nanoparticle tips at the ends of nanorods via the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Wurtzite CdS nanorods survived both the deposition of metallic CoNP tips and conversion into cobalt oxide phases, as confirmed by both XRD and HRTEM analysis. A series of CdSe@CdS nanorods of four different lengths ranging from 40 to 174 nm and comparable diameters (6-7 nm) were prepared and modified with both cobalt and cobalt oxide tips. The total synthesis of these heterostructured nanorods required five steps from commercially available reagents. Key synthetic considerations are discussed, with particular emphasis on reporting isolated yields of all intermediates and products from scale up of intermediate precursors.
Full deflection profile calculation and Young’s modulus optimisation for engineered high performance materials (2017)

New engineered materials have critical applications in different fields in medicine, engineering and technology but their enhanced mechanical performances are significantly affected by the microstructural design and the sintering process used in their manufacture. This work introduces (i) a methodology for the calculation of the full deflection profile from video recordings of bending tests, (ii) an optimisation algorithm for the characterisation of Young's modulus, (iii) a quantification of the effects of optical distortions and (iv) a comparison with other standard tests. The results presented in this paper show the capabilities of this procedure to evaluate the Young's modulus of highly stiff materials with greater accuracy than previously possible with bending tests, by employing all the available information from the video recording of the tests. This methodology extends to this class of materials the possibility to evaluate both the elastic modulus and the tensile strength with a single mechanical test, without the need for other experimental tools.
Introduction (2013)

The global financial crisis which began in 2007 laid bare many vulnerabili- ties of the financial system. Many banks had too little good quality capital, too much liquidity risk, and too many risky assets. Banks, broker/dealers and hedge funds failed during the crisis, and matters would have been even worse had central banks not taken unprecedented actions to restore stability.KeywordsCentral BankHedge FundRisky AssetBilateral TradingLiquidity RiskThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Perifosine-Related Rapidly Progressive Corneal Ring Infiltrate (2010)

Patients treated with perifosine should be monitored for ocular adverse events. Perifosine-related corneal infiltration may progress rapidly and, after appropriate microbiologic examination, aggressive anti-inflammatory therapy should be considered.
MicroRNA-33b knock-in mice for an intron of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 (Srebf1) exhibit reduced HDL-C in vivo (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit translation or promote mRNA degradation. Recent reports, including ours, indicated that miR-33a located within the intron of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 2 controls cholesterol homeostasis and can be a possible therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis. Primates, but not rodents, express miR-33b from an intron of SREBF1. Therefore, humanized mice, in which a miR-33b transgene is inserted within a Srebf1 intron, are required to address its function in vivo. We successfully established miR-33b knock-in (KI) mice and found that protein levels of known miR-33a target genes, such as ABCA1, ABCG1, and SREBP-1, were reduced compared with those in wild-type mice. As a consequence, macrophages from the miR-33b KI mice had a reduced cholesterol efflux capacity via apoA-I and HDL-C. Moreover, HDL-C levels were reduced by almost 35% even in miR-33b KI hetero mice compared with the control mice. These results indicate that miR-33b may account for lower HDL-C levels in humans than those in mice and that miR-33b is possibly utilized for a feedback mechanism to regulate its host gene SREBF1. Our mice will also aid in elucidating the roles of miR-33a/b in different genetic disease models.
Group-III nitride quantum heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2001)

In the present paper, we address a review of group-III nitride quantum wells and quantum dots realized by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using ammonia as a nitrogen source. Some important features of the growth of nitrides by MBE using ammonia are pointed out. We also emphasize the role of in situ analysis tools such as reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The optical properties of several kinds of quantum heterostructure are presented. They illustrate well the combined effects of polarization fields and carrier localization. Finally, the use of InGaN/GaN QWs in LEDs for white light emission is presented.
Adsorption of mercury by soils from oil shale development areas in the Piceance Creek basin of northwestern Colorado (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of mercury by soils from oil shale development areas in the Piceance Creek basin of northwestern ColoradoRonald W. Klusman and Christopher P. MatoskeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1983, 17, 5, 251–256Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00111a002https://doi.org/10.1021/es00111a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Phospholipid-β2-Glycoprotein I Complex Is an Antigen for Anticardiolipin Antibodies Occurring in Autoimmune Disease But Not with Infection (1992)

Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) purified from patients with autoimmune disease have recently been shown to interact with a phospholipid-binding plasma protein, beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI). The aim of this study was to determine whether aCL purified from patients with infection also interact with beta 2-GPI. aCL purified from 23 patients with malaria, infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis, hepatitis A or syphilis did not require the presence of beta 2-GPI to bind cardiolipin (CL). In contrast, aCL were purified from 11 out of 12 patients with autoimmune disease that bound CL only in the presence of beta 2-GPI. Thrombotic complications appear to be associated with aCL occurring in autoimmune disease but not with aCL associated with infections. We postulate that this increased risk of thrombosis in the autoimmune group may be due to the presence of aCL that bind CL in association with beta 2-GPI, a plasma protein with anticoagulant activity.
The Role of Circadian Regulation in Cancer (2007)

Proper circadian regulation is essential for the well being of the organism, and disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with pathological conditions including cancer. In mammals, the core clock genes, Per1 and Per2, are key regulators of circadian rhythms both in the central clock in the hypothalamous and in peripheral tissues. Recent findings revealed molecular links between Per genes and cellular components that control fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and DNA damage. New data also shed light on mechanisms by which circadian oscillators operate in peripheral organs to influence tissue-dependent metabolic and hormonal pathways. Circadian cycles are linked to basic cellular functions, as well as to tissue-specific processes through the control of gene expression and protein interactions. By controlling global networks such as chromatin remolding and protein families, which themselves regulate a broad range of cellular functions, circadian regulation impinges upon almost all major physiological pathways. These molecular insights illustrate how disregulation of circadian rhythms might influence the susceptibility to cancer development and provide further support for the emerging role of circadian genes in tumor suppression.
Control of Chronic Experimental Focal Epilepsy by Feedback Caudatum Stimulations (1983)

The effects of feedback caudate nucleus (CN) stimulations (5 cycles/s, 0.3 ms, 1-5 V, 1-3 s) on the interictal spiking activity of epileptic foci automatically detected by a neuroanalyzer were followed in adult cats during 2-3 weeks of training. Spike depression occurred instantly after the onset of feedback stimulation, became stable after 3-4 days of operant training, and persisted with very little current reinforcement in a daily training schedule. No comparable effects were obtained either by random CN stimulation or by contingent stimulations of other subcortical structures such as the thalamus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, or the hypothalamus. A recovery of recurrent inhibitory caudate-cortical loops is presumed to contribute to the progressive normalization of cortical excitability obtained by training.