gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power loss in grease lubricated ball bearings (2020)

Abstract The authors theoretically investigated and then validated the power loss generated both by sliding and rolling in a modified thrust ball bearing with 3 balls operating at low axial load and grease lubrication. Based on ball forces and moment equilibrium, it has been determined the tangential forces on contact ellipses. The hydrodynamic rolling friction forces have been determined by using Biboulet & Houpert’s methodology considering base oil viscosity of the grease. Total power loss has been obtained as a sum of two components: power loss generated by sliding and power loss generated by rolling. Also, total friction torque has been theoretically determined and, as an alternative method, the total power loss has been calculated as a product between total friction torque and angular speed. Finally, based on previously experimental results, the power loss has been validated as the product between experimentally total friction torque and angular speed. A good correlation between the power losses determined by all three methods for 100, 200, 300 and 400 rpm have been obtained.
Inhibition of hepatitis C virus infection and expression <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> by recombinant adenovirus expressing short hairpin RNA (2007)

Taken together, our results support the feasibility of utilizing gene targeting therapy based on siRNA and/or shRNA expression to counteract HCV replication, which might prove valuable in the treatment of hepatitis C.
Making the invisible observable by Augmented Reality in informal science education context (2016)

En el Repositorio Universidad de Santander están depositados materiales en formato digital fruto de la producción científica o académica, de esta manera permite almacenar, difundir y preservar información de vital importancia.
UWB Search Strategies for Minimal-Length Preamble and a Low-Complexity Analog Receiver (2006)

Impulse-based ultra-wideband systems are appealing for low-power short-range communications as they can benefit from low-complexity analog architectures. Having such a receiver in mind, we consider two pulse position and code phase acquisition search strategies, as synchronization remains the biggest bottleneck of UWB. Moreover, as the transmitter power consumption increases proportionally with synchronization preamble length, we minimize it for both strategies. A single-step solution recovering both pulse position and code phase achieves a performance within 1.5 dB from an ideally synchronized system, for a preamble length limited to 200 bits. This perfectly suits duty-cycled systems transmitting short data bursts at minimal power consumption, while a two-step solution suffers too much from non-coherent pulse recombination
Extended depth-of-field microscopy with a high-speed deformable mirror (2017)

Wide-field fluorescence microscopy is generally limited to either small volumes or low temporal resolution. We present a microscope add-on that provides fast, light-efficient extended depth-of-field (EDOF) using a deformable mirror of update rate 20kHz. Out-of-focus contributions in the raw EDOF images are suppressed with a deconvolution algorithm derived directly from the microscope 3D optical transfer function. Demonstrations of the benefits of EDOF microscopy are shown with GCaMP-labeled mouse brain tissue.
Deciding Combinations of Theories (1984)

A method ~s g~ven for dec~dlng formulas in combinations of unquantified first-order theories. Rather than couphng separate decision procedures for the contributing theories, the method makes use of a single, uniform procedure that minimizes the code needed to accommodate each additional theory. It ~s apphcable to theories whose semantics can be encoded within a certain class of purely equational canonical form theories that ~s closed under combination. Examples are given from the equational theories of integer and real anthmeUc, a subtheory of monadic set theory, the theory of cons, car, and cdr, and others. A discussion of the speed performance of the procedure and a proof of the theorem that underhes ~ts completeness are also g~ven. The procedure has been used extensively as the deductive core of a system for program specificaUon and verifcation.
Abusive stimulation of excitatory amino acid receptors: a strategy to limit neurotoxicity (1990)

Glutamate is an important excitatory amino acid at many central nervous system synapses. After its release from presynaptic nerve terminals, glutamate transiently binds to specific neuronal membrane receptors, which transduce its signal by the generation of intracellular second messengers before being rapidly cleared from the synapse. However, during ischemia, the glutamate concentration at synapses surrounding the focal lesion can be increased for sustained periods of time, resulting in abusive stimulation of glutamate receptors that can eventually be neurotoxic. To develop drugs capable of selectively blocking the pathological effects of glutamate in neurons surrounding ischemic lesions while leaving the physiological actions of glutamate in nonlesioned areas of the brain unaffected, it is essential to delineate glutamate-induced intracellular events that are specific to receptor abuse. This article describes the intracellular sequelae of physiological and pathological glutamate receptor activation and suggests potential targets for such receptor abuse-dependent antagonists (RADAs).
Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of an Experimental Subunit Vaccine That Allows Differentiation between Infected and Vaccinated Animals against Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 in Cattle (2013)

Bluetongue virus (BTV), the causative agent of bluetongue in ruminants, is an emerging virus in northern Europe. The 2006 outbreak of BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) in Europe was marked by an unusual teratogenic effect and a high frequency of clinical signs in cattle. Conventional control strategies targeting small ruminants were therefore extended to include cattle. Since cattle were not routinely vaccinated before 2006, the immune responses to BTV have not been studied extensively in this species. With the aims of developing a subunit vaccine against BTV-8 for differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals based on viral protein 7 (VP7) antibody detection and of improving the current understanding of the immunogenicity of BTV proteins in cattle, the immune responses induced by recombinant VP2 (BTV-8) and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and NS2 (BTV-2) were studied. Cows were immunized twice (with a 3-week interval) with the experimental vaccine, a commercial inactivated vaccine, or a placebo. The two vaccines induced similar neutralizing antibody responses to BTV-8. Furthermore, the antibody responses detected against VP2, NS1, and NS2 were strongest in the animals immunized with the experimental vaccine, and for the first time, a serotype cross-reactive antibody response to NS2 was shown in cattle vaccinated with the commercial vaccine. The two vaccines evoked measurable T cell responses against NS1, thereby supporting a bovine cross-reactive T cell response. Finally, VP7 seroconversion was observed after vaccination with the commercial vaccine, as in natural infections, but not after vaccination with the experimental vaccine, indicating that the experimental vaccine may allow the differentiation of vaccinated animals from infected animals regardless of BTV serotype. The experimental vaccine will be further evaluated during a virulent challenge in a high-containment facility.
Convenient Approaches to 4-Trifluoromethylpyridine (2001)

A number of approaches to the synthesis of 2-chloro- and 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylpyridine are described. The first method for 2-chloro- and 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylpyridine is based on commercially available ethyl trifluoroacetate. An alternative access to 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl pyridine uses trifluoroacetaldehyde as starting material. 2-Chloro-4-trifluoromethylpyridine is prepared from ethyl(trifluoroacetylvinyl)ether in two steps.
Network Pharmacology‐Based Identification of Potential Targets of <i>Lonicerae japonicae</i> Flos Acting on Anti‐Inflammatory Effects (2021)

<i>Lonicerae japonicae</i> flos (LJF) is widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). To clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LJF, 29 compounds with high content in LJF were selected for network pharmacology. Then, a comprehensive network pharmacology strategy was implemented, which involved compound-inflammation-target construction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and enrichment analysis. Finally, molecular docking and <i>in vitro</i> experiments were performed to verify the anti-inflammatory activity and targets of the key compound. As a result, 279 inflammation-associated proteins were identified, which are mainly involved in the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, the HIF-1 signaling pathway, the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. A total of 12 compounds were linked to more than 35 targets, including apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, and ferulic acid. The results of molecular docking showed that AKT has the most binding activity, exhibiting certain binding activity with 10 compounds, including vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, secologanic acid, quercetin, and luteolin; the results of qRT-PCR and WB confirmed that two key compounds, secologanic acid and luteolin, could significantly decrease the secretion of TNF-<i>α</i> and the AKT expression of RAW264.7 murine macrophages stimulated by LPS (lipopolysaccharide). These results demonstrate that the comprehensive strategy can serve as a universal method to illustrate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine by identifying the pathways or targets.
Genetic Engineering of Antibody Molecules (2015)

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to combat pathogens and have long been appreciated for their exquisite specificity. The development of the hybridoma technology made it possible to immortalize single B cells, resulting in the production of unlimited quantities of antibodies of a single, well-defined antigen-binding specificity, known as monoclonal antibodies. However, the initial hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies were murine and highly immunogenic in humans. Advances in genetic engineering and expression systems have been used to overcome problems of the immunogenicity of rodent-produced antibodies, and to improve the ability of the antibodies to trigger human immune effector activity. The development of chimeric, humanized, and totally human antibodies, as well as antibodies with novel structures and functional properties, has further expanded the potential use of monoclonal antibodies as targeted therapeutics. As a consequence, recombinant antibody-based therapies are now used to treat a variety of diverse conditions that include infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Today, these therapies are one of the fastest growing classes of biopharmaceutical therapeutics. The different strategies for developing recombinant antibodies and their derivatives are summarized and compared in this review.


Keywords:

antibody/antigen;
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC);
antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP);
bacteriophage;
complement;
constant region;
Fab;
Fc;
Fv/scFv;
hybridoma;
isotype;
variable region
The End of Byzantium (2017)

By 1400, the once-mighty Byzantine Empire stood on the verge of destruction. Most of its territories had been lost to the Ottoman Turks, and Constantinople was under close blockade. Against all odds, Byzantium lingered on for another fifty years until 1453, when the Ottomans dramatically toppled the capital’s walls. During this bleak and uncertain time, ordinary Byzantines faced difficult decisions to protect their livelihoods and families against the death throes of their homeland. In this evocative and moving book, Jonathan Harris explores individual stories of diplomatic maneuverings, covert defiance, and sheer luck against a backdrop of major historical currents and offers a new perspective on the real reasons behind the fall of this extraordinarily fascinating empire.
Controllable and Dimmable AC LED Driver Based on FPGA to Achieve High PF and Low THD (2012)

In this paper, a novel bridgeless light-emitting diode (LED) driver with dimmable control is presented. By the proposed control circuit based on digital control using the field programmable gate array (FPGA), the total harmonic distortion (THD) and power factor (PF) of the proposed LED driver are significantly improved as compared with the traditional LED drivers. The proposed AC LED driver is capacitorless and inductorless in the main power stage, thereby causing the integrated circuit design to be easy to achieve and the life of the LED driver to be enhanced. In this paper, the basic operating principle of the LED driver is described in detail, along with some experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LED driver.
Predicting Viral Infection From High-Dimensional Biomarker Trajectories (2011)

There is often interest in predicting an individual's latent health status based on high-dimensional biomarkers that vary over time. Motivated by time-course gene expression array data that we have collected in two influenza challenge studies performed with healthy human volunteers, we develop a novel time-aligned Bayesian dynamic factor analysis methodology. The time course trajectories in the gene expressions are related to a relatively low-dimensional vector of latent factors, which vary dynamically starting at the latent initiation time of infection. Using a nonparametric cure rate model for the latent initiation times, we allow selection of the genes in the viral response pathway, variability among individuals in infection times, and a subset of individuals who are not infected. As we demonstrate using held-out data, this statistical framework allows accurate predictions of infected individuals in advance of the development of clinical symptoms, without labeled data and even when the number of biomarkers vastly exceeds the number of individuals under study. Biological interpretation of several of the inferred pathways (factors) is provided.
Characterization of Microbial Presence at the Surface of Silicone Mammary Implants (1995)

The purpose of this project was to examine the incidence of microbial presence on the surface of mammary implants and its correlation with clinical presentation. The significance of microbial presence without signs of overt infection is questioned. Several issues are raised, including whether the presence of micro-organisms may immunize the host, trigger autoimmune reactions, or locally change the course of healing (resulting in capsular contracture). A total of 150 explanted silicone mammary implants from 87 patients were cultured. Cultures of 81 devices were positive (54%); the predominant isolate was Staphylococcus epidermidis (found on 68 implants, or 84%). Bacteria were detected on 76% (62 of 82) of implants surrounded by contracted capsules and on 28% (19 of 68) of those without capsular contracture (p < 0.05). Among 40 patients (46%) who had no general health problems, 11 (28%) had positive cultures of explanted devices (15 of 62 explants, or 24%). In the remaining 47 patients (54%) who complained of myalgia (77%), arthralgia (68%), chronic fatigue (38%), skin rashes (21%), cognitive problems (19%), dry mucosal membranes (19%), episodes of low-grade fever (17%), and hair loss (13%), 38 (81%) had positive cultures (66 of 88 explants, or 75%) (p < 0.05). The hypothesis that capsular contracture or problems that might be related to chronic infection and immunization are associated with subclinical infection is supported by this study.
High speed testing of a four-bit RSFQ decimation digital filter (1997)

We have developed a high speed test scheme for RSFQ circuits, in order to measure the maximum clock frequency of a four-bit RSFQ decimation digital filter (simulated to be 11 GHz). Our high speed test requires only a low speed interface and standard low-cost measurement equipment. Three auxiliary test units built of simple RSFQ circuits are used. A circular JTL structure generates an on-chip high speed clock with frequency adjustable from 4 to 16 GHz. A pseudo-random number generator with period 64 clock cycles provides parallel input to the filter. Finally, 12 four-bit acquisition shift registers collect output data. We have integrated all the above units on a single chip. The chip is initialized at low speed, run at high speed, and read out at low speed. Our testing scheme is superior to previously reported high-speed tests in the area of the added circuitry, in the requirements on high-speed input/output, in control, and in the parameters of the measurement equipment. The scheme can be easily adapted to test various RSFQ circuits.
Modification of CFR Test Engine Unit to Determine Octane Numbers of Pure Alcohols and Gasoline-Alcohol Blends (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The CFR test engine unit was modified by the use of a variable fuel needle jet, instead of the carburetor main jet of standard size (ASTM research and motor method), as well as by an additional heating system for the air/fuel mixture pre-heating device (ASTM motor method). This enables octane ratings of pure alcohols and gasoline-alcohol blends without changing engine operating conditions as specified by ASTM. The applicability of the newly developed supplementary devices was verified and found appropriate by the members of a FAM Task Group, organized within the German Institute for Standardization (DIN).</div>
Effects of wax coatings and postharvest storage on sensory quality and aroma volatile composition of ‘Mor’ mandarins (2010)

The results showed that after harvest there was a progressive decrease in sensory quality of 'Mor' mandarins. It is proposed that observed decreases in contents of sesqui- and monoterpenes and short-chain oxygenated fatty acids may contribute to the decrease in mandarin flavour, whereas increases in the contents of ethanol fermentation metabolites and derivates of fatty acid and amino acid catabolism are most likely involved in causing the enhanced sensation of off-flavours.
Nicorandil: A Potassium Channel Opening Drug for Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease (1996)

Nicorandil is the first oral potassium channel activating drug to be used for the treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease. It appears to relax vascular smooth muscle through membrane hyperpolarization via increased transmembrane potassium conductance and, like nitrates, through an increase in intracellular cyclic GMP. In addition, nicorandil, in a nitrate-like manner, dilates normal and stenotic coronary arteries and reduces both ventricular preload and afterload. In contrast to nitrates, however, nicorandil does not appear to cause tolerance with long-term administration. In placebo and comparison clinical trials, nicorandil has demonstrated some efficacy and safety in patients with both stable and vasospastic angina pectoris, and it was found to be a myocardial protective agent in animal studies. The antianginal activity of nicorandil, however, is relatively short lived after dosing, which will necessitate the development of extended-release formulations of the drug.
External beam radiation dose escalation for high grade glioma (2016)

Postoperative conventional daily radiotherapy probably improves survival for adults with good performance status and HGG compared to no postoperative radiotherapy. Hypofractionated radiotherapy has similar efficacy for survival compared to conventional radiotherapy, particularly for individuals aged 60 years and older with glioblastoma. There are insufficient data regarding hyperfractionation versus conventionally fractionated radiation (without chemotherapy) and for accelerated radiation versus conventionally fractionated radiation (without chemotherapy). There are HGG subsets who have poor prognosis even with treatment (e.g. glioblastoma histology, older age and poor performance status). These HGG individuals with poor prognosis have generally been excluded from randomised trials based on poor performance status. No randomised trial has compared comfort measures or best supportive care with an active intervention using radiotherapy or chemotherapy in these people with poor prognosis. Since the last version of this review, we found no new relevant studies. The search identified three new trials, but all were excluded as none had a conventionally fractionated radiotherapy arm.
DOUBLE SARSA BASED MACHINE LEARNING TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF VIDEO STREAMING OVER HTTP THROUGH WIRELESS NETWORKS (2018)

The adaptive streaming over HTTP is widely advocated to enhance the Quality of Experience (QoE) in a bitrate constrained IP network. However, most previous approaches based on estimation of available link bandwidth or fullness of media buffer tend to become ineffective due to the variability of IP traffic patterns. In this paper, we propose a Double State-Action-Reward-State-Action (Sarsa) based machine learning method to improve user QoE in IP network. The Pv video quality estimation model specified in ITU-T P.1203.1 recommendation is embedded in the learning process for the estimation of QoE. We have implemented the proposed Double Sarsa based adaptation method on the top of HTTP in a 4G wireless network and assessed the resulting quality improvement by using full reference video quality metrics. The results show that the proposed method outperforms an existing approach and can be recommended in standardization of future audio-visual streaming services over wireless IP network. We observed the average improvement of 7% in PSNR and 25% in VQM during the live streaming of video.
Major histocompatibility complex gene products on macrophages influence T cell activation. (1978)

Antigen-pulsed macrophages were used to sensitize or elicit sensitivity from mice of different strains to a variety of antigens. The results indicate that sensitization is directed, not to antigen as such, but to a complex structure on the macrophage surface determined partly by the antigen, and partly by a product coded by the major histocompatibility complex. Delayed type hypersensitivity could be provoked by antigen in responder (R) mice and in the F1 between responder and low responder (LR) strains, but not in LR mice unless pretreated by cyclophosphamide. Sensitivity could be transferred to naive LR-strain mice by lymph node cells taken 5 days after sensitization of cyclophosphamide-pretreated LR mice but not of F1 hybrids between LR and R strains. Sensitivity from these could be transferred only to naive F1 or R-strain mice. The results suggest that low responsiveness cannot be accounted for solely in terms of the operation of a cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor mechanism. It is postulated that antigen is less immunogenic when presented by LR-strain cells than by R-strain cells.
A Low‐Temperature, Solution‐Processable, Cu‐Doped Nickel Oxide Hole‐Transporting Layer via the Combustion Method for High‐Performance Thin‐Film Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Low-temperature, solution-processable Cu-doped NiOX (Cu:NiOx ), prepared via combustion chemistry, is demonstrated as an excellent hole-transporting layer (HTL) for thin-film perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Its good crystallinity, conductivity, and hole-extraction properties enable the derived PVSC to have a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.74%. Its general applicability for various elecrode materials is also revealed.