gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> Available information on CT features of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is scattered in different publications, and a cohesive literature review has yet to be compiled. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> This article includes a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization database. <b>RESULTS.</b> Known features of COVID-19 on initial CT include bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly in the lower lobes and less frequently within the right middle lobe. Atypical initial imaging presentation of consolidative opacities superimposed on GGO may be found in a smaller number of cases, mainly in the elderly population. Septal thickening, bronchiectasis, pleural thickening, and subpleural involvement are some of the less common findings, mainly in the later stages of the disease. Pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, lymphadenopathy, cavitation, CT halo sign, and pneumothorax are uncommon but may be seen with disease progression. Follow-up CT in the intermediate stage of disease shows an increase in the number and size of GGOs and progressive transformation of GGO into multifocal consolidative opacities, septal thickening, and development of a crazy paving pattern, with the greatest severity of CT findings visible around day 10 after the symptom onset. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most common indication for transferring patients with COVID-19 to the ICU and the major cause of death in this patient population. Imaging patterns corresponding to clinical improvement usually occur after week 2 of the disease and include gradual resolution of consolidative opacities and decrease in the number of lesions and involved lobes. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> This systematic review of current literature on COVID-19 provides insight into the initial and follow-up CT characteristics of the disease.
Formation of hydrogen peroxide in cell culture media by apple polyphenols and its effect on antioxidant biomarkers in the colon cell line HT‐29 (2009)

Beneficial health effects of diets containing fruits have partly been attributed to polyphenols which display a spectrum of bioactive effects, including antioxidant activity. However, polyphenols can also exert prooxidative effects in vitro. In this study, polyphenol-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) formation was determined after incubation of apple juice extracts (AEs) and polyphenols in cell culture media. Effects of extracellular H(2)O(2 )on total glutathione (tGSH; =GSH + GSSG) and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of HT-29 cells were studied by coincubation +/- catalase (CAT). AEs ( > or =30 microg/mL) significantly generated H(2)O(2) in DMEM, depending on their composition. Similarly, H(2)O(2) was measured for individual apple polyphenols/degradation products (phenolic acids > epicatechin, flavonols > dihydrochalcones). Highest concentrations were generated by compounds bearing the o-catechol moiety. H(2)O(2) formation was found to be pH dependent; addition of CAT caused a complete decomposition of H(2)O(2) whereas superoxide dismutase was less/not effective. At incubation of HT-29 cells with quercetin (1-100 microM), generated H(2)O(2) slightly contributed to antioxidant cell protection by modulation of tGSH- and ROS-level. In conclusion, H(2)O(2) generation in vitro by polyphenols has to be taken into consideration when interpreting results of such cell culture experiments. Unphysiologically high polyphenol concentrations, favoring substantial H(2)O(2 )formation, are not expected to be met in vivo, even under conditions of high end nutritional uptake.
Inhibition of amyloid‐induced toxicity by ergothioneine in a transgenic <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> model (2019)

The abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is recognized as a central component in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. While many aspects of Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity remain elusive, Aβ has been associated with numerous underlying pathologies, including oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, metal ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and even tau pathology. Ergothioneine (ET), a naturally occurring thiol/thione-derivative of histidine, has demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective properties against various oxidative and neurotoxic stressors. This study investigates ET's potential to counteract Aβ-toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans overexpressing a human Aβ peptide. The accumulation of Aβ in this model leads to paralysis and premature death. We show that ET dose-dependently reduces Aβ-oligomerization and extends the lifespan and healthspan of the nematodes.
ELISA for Aging Biomarkers Induced by Telomere Dysfunction in Human Plasma (2010)

This CRAMP ELISA could become a powerful tool for investigating the relationship between human aging and telomere length shortening.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia – trends over three decades (2013)

Mortality from BPD has improved over the past three decades despite significant trends toward more pronounced prematurity and lower birth weights.
A simple classification approach to build a bathtub (2008)

The notional bathtub curve is often cited to describe how a device's failure rate may change with age. Modeling the bathtub curve or other undulating function to capture the reliability-centric phases of life can be accomplished using the mixed-Weibull distribution. Unfortunately, fitting failure data directly to the mixed-Weibull distribution typically requires an assumption of the number of subpopulations within the distribution and difficult computations that often end in the utilization of complex algorithms. The fitting approach described in this paper provides a tactic that can perform the fit without assuming a set number of subpopulations and can be implemented in a basic spreadsheet. This paper begins with a brief examination of a common mixed-Weibull form. It is observed that the likelihood function of this form implicitly handles the data in aggregate - ironically not a mixture. This can be addressed with a modest adjustment but at the cost of greatly increasing the number of parameters that must be considered to fit the distribution. Two separate derivations of the introduced approach are outlined. The first originates within an Artificial-Life framework used for constructing reliability models. Processes within this framework are taken to a conceptual limit. Addressing computational time issues that result yields the presented approach. Because the Artificial-Life Framework tactic is still largely unproven a second derivation based on the well established k-means clustering algorithm is provided as an alternate. Because k-means clustering algorithms are well known, their behavior provides predictions into the behavior of the approach being introduced. The mechanics of the approach are outlined and detailed using sample data. One simple sample set demonstrates the mechanics while a second, more contextually rich set of data illustrates a more realistic application and behavior of the approach. In each, individual reliability data are classified and subpopulations emerge to quickly estimate parameters for a mixed-Weibull distribution. Performance characteristics are noted to be very similar to the k-means algorithm. Termination requires little iteration so even very complex mixtures can be assessed quickly. As predicted by its k-means derivation the approach is mildly chaotic so multiple trials may yield better solutions. Fortunately speed and ease of implementation accommodates for this shortcoming. Additionally, repeated application of the method on a set of data is shown to yield a discrete probabilistic estimate of the number of subpopulations contained within a dataset. The approach is found to be a convenient addition to the reliability analyst's toolbox.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction for <i>Mycoplasma pulmonis</i> (1990)

In vitro DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction was examined to detect Mycoplasma pulmonis. A pair of synthetic oligonucleotide primers was constructed, and used to amplify a unique sequence of M. pulmonis DNA. Amplified products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and verified by blot hybridization with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. This system detected cellular DNA of M. pulmonis but not M. arthritidis or M. neurolyticum, and thus appears to be useful for M. pulmonis diagnosis.
국내외 2차 세팅 사회복지 수련 슈퍼비전 실천에 대한 고찰 - 학교사회복지 수련 슈퍼비전 실천방안 중심으로 - (2019)

본 연구는 국내 사회복지 2차 세팅 수련 슈퍼비전 지침과 국외 주요국의 학교사회복지수련 슈퍼비전 지침 분석을 통해 학교사회복지 수련 슈퍼비전 체계 수립 시 고려해야 사항을 도출하고자 하는 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 먼저 수련 슈퍼비전 체계가 이미 운영되고 있는 국내 2차 세팅 사회복지 현장으로 정신건강사회복지 분야와 의료사회복지 분야의 수련 지침서를 분석하였다. 다음으로 국외에서 학교사회복지의 긴 역사를 가지고 체계적으로 운영되고 있는 미국, 호주, 캐나다의 학교사회복지 수련 슈퍼비전 체계 혹은 사회복지 공인 과정을 검토하였다. 이를 통해 학교사회복지사 국가 자격 신설을 앞두고 학교사회복지 수련 슈퍼비전 체계 수립 시 규정에 제시해야 하는 항목에는 어떤 것들이 있는지 파악하였고, 각 나라와 분야별 슈퍼비전 제도는 어떻게 구성되어 있고 어떤 특징이 있는지 고찰하였다. 이를 토대로 학교사회복지사의 전문성과 역량을 강화하기 위해 수련 슈퍼비전 제도 수립 시 고려해야 할 사항을 제언하였다.
Chloroquine cardiomyopathy – a review of the literature (2013)

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are still used for the prevention and treatment of malaria. Moreover, they are experiencing a renaissance in the long-term therapy of connective tissue diseases (particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus). They induce a lysosomal dysfunction with an accumulation of pathologic metabolic products, which can be seen in ultrastructural histology as pathognomonic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Due to its lower toxicity, hydroxychloroquine is the form used predominantly today. Retinopathy as a toxic result of this medication is well known. Cardiac side effects are rarely reported, but in some cases can be severe and irreversible - two cases of organ transplantation have been described in the literature. They comprise conduction disturbances (bundle-branch block, atrioventricular block) and cardiomyopathy - often with hypertrophy, restrictive physiology and congestive heart failure. As the clinical features of cardiotoxicity are unspecific, the identification and follow-up of potentially affected patients is of utmost importance. Confirming the diagnosis of this toxic storage disease requires histological examination of the myocardium in conjunction with electron microscopy. The primary clinical parameters (diagnostic criteria for this cardiomyopathy, differential diagnostics, incidence, risk factors, prognosis) as well as the diagnostic procedures are discussed against the background of the available literature.
Towards Multi-party Policy-based Access Control in Federations of Cloud and Edge Microservices (2019)

The development and deployment of microservices and containers come with a promise of flexibility by embracing heterogeneity and reducing the amount of communication and coordination between service teams. However, when such software ecosystems are developed in large organizations with a high degree of independence, and deployed in the cloud and at the edge, security becomes a non-trivial concern. The challenge that we address in this work is the delegated management of access control decisions to multiple stakeholders in continuously evolving federations of cloud and edge microservices. To ensure that user-centric access control remains sustainable in such complex service delivery models, we present a dynamic granular access control solution on top of different authorization frameworks. By leveraging microservice technologies, our solution is flexible, scalable, and contextual, and can adhere to the security needs of different stakeholders in microservice federations - from DevOps teams to common end-users - with the necessary agility to respond to exceptional security circumstances.
Three Dimensional Modeling of Heat Extraction from Abandoned Oil Well for Application in Sugarcane Industry in Ahvaz- Southern Iran (2015)

Abandoned oil and gas wells can be used as low temperature geothermal resources for heat extraction from geological formations and have valuable heat potential that avoids the cost increase of drilling in geothermal projects. Despite the industrial sectors that receives energy with subsidized price in Iran, but the cost of consumed fuel for most of industries such as sugarcane factories still is valuable and high. Khuzestan province in southern Iran is one of the richest areas in oil and gas resources and also is prominent in cane farms and sugar industry. However; the sugar mills are lagging due to power consumption. In this study the feasibility of steam generation as low geothermal resources from an abandoned oil well is investigated using a 3D simulation technique. The bottom-hole temperature of a well called DQ is 159.8°C. Heat transfer between fluid injected into the well and the surrounded hot rock was simulated. Well casing geometry for this well was considered and an exact geothermal gradient for each geological formation was applied. The simulation results were optimized for parameters such as input and output flow rates and temperatures. The results showed that, in addition to thermal gradient and mass flow rate, well casing geometry and the size of injection and extraction pipes were essential to the output heat extraction rate. The simulation results are revealed, the extracted heat from underground which is combined with a gas furnace heater, has the ability to provide the required steam for a sugarcane factory near to Ahvaz City. In this case, the steam pressure and mass flow rate were 8 bar and 42 t/h, respectively. Also natural gas consumption and CO2 emissions are reduced 2.7*10 6 m 3 /year and 5,042 t/year respectively. The average reduction of natural gas consumption is 17.3% compared to only steam boiler case. Return on Investment (ROI) in a geothermal-heater compared with a steam boiler at best case with pure interest rate of 8%, occurs after 3.6 years.
Plantar fasciitis (2012)

Plantar fasciitis is a common and often disabling condition. Because the natural history of plantar fasciitis is not understood, it is difficult to distinguish between those patients who recover spontaneously and those who respond to formal treatment. Surgical release of the plantar fascia is effective in the small proportion of patients who do not respond to conservative measures. New techniques such as endoscopic plantar release and extracorporeal shockwave therapy may have a role but the limited availability of equipment and skills means that most patients will continue to be treated by more traditional techniques.
Bifacial potential of single‐ and double‐sided collecting silicon solar cells (2016)

Abstract Bifacial applications are a promising way to increase the performance of photovoltaic systems. Two silicon solar cell concepts suitable for bifacial operation are the passivated emitter, rear totally diffused (PERT) and the both sides collecting and contacted (BOSCO) cell concepts. This work investigates the bifacial potential of these concepts by means of in‐depth numerical device simulation and experiment with a focus on the impact of varying material quality. It is shown that the PERT cell concept (representing a structure with front‐side emitter only) requires high‐minority‐carrier‐diffusion‐length substrates with L bulk > 3 × W (with cell thickness W ) to exploit its bifacial potential, while the BOSCO cell (representing a structure with double‐sided emitter) can already utilise its bifacial potential on substrates with significantly lower diffusion lengths down to L bulk ≈ 0.5 × W . Experimentally, BOSCO cells with and without activated rear‐side emitter are compared. For rear‐side illumination, the activated rear‐side emitter is measured to increase internal quantum efficiency at wavelengths λ < 850 nm by up to 45% abs (factor of 9) and 30% abs (factor of 2) for cells processed on p ‐type multicrystalline silicon substrates with L bulk ≈ 0.3 × W and L bulk ≈ 2.6 × W , respectively. For PERT cells processed on n ‐type Czochralski‐grown silicon substrates, an according increase in internal quantum efficiency for rear‐side illumination of more than 20% abs (factor of 1.3) is measured when changing from a substrate with L bulk ≈ 3.0 to 10.0 × W . The performed simulations and experiments demonstrate that the BOSCO cell concept is a promising candidate to successfully exploit bifacial gain also on low‐ to medium‐diffusion‐length substrates such as p ‐type multicrystalline silicon, while PERT cells require a high‐diffusion‐length substrate to utilise their bifacial potential. Furthermore, the BOSCO cell concept is shown to be a promising option to achieve highest output power densities, even when using lower quality and therefore possibly more cost‐effective silicon substrates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iodixanol Density Gradient Preparation in University of Wisconsin Solution for Porcine Islet Purification (2003)

Generally, prior to the purification of isolated pancreatic islets, the collagenase-digested tissue is incubated in the University of Wisconsin solution (UWS; approximately 320 mOsm) for osmotic stabilization to preserve or improve the density differences between islets and acinar fragments. The adverse effects arising from the subsequent pelleting and resuspension of the islets in a second, different (often highly hyperosmotic) purification solution are avoided in the protocol described here; preparation of the purification medium is simply achieved by mixing the UWS preincubated islets with a second UWS containing the inert impermeant iodixanol. Flotation of the islets isolated from juvenile porcine pancreases through this mildly hypertonic (approximately 380 mOsm) gradient of iodixanol-UWS achieves a much higher recovery of islets of an improved viability than the customary method using a Ficoll gradient. The method has been extended to human islet purification.
Binding Free Energy Calculations for Theophylline/Caffeine to RNA Aptamer (2014)

An alchemical free energy method along a thermodynamic pathway was applied to calculate the binding free energy of theophylline (or caffeine) with an RNA aptamer. To keep the ligand at the binding site during the decoupling of the ligand from the surrounding environment, a distant restraining potential between the ligand's center of mass and the binding site was used. The calculated”absolute” binding affinities are in good agreement with the experimental values. We show that the alchemical free energy calculation is a powerful tool in the realm of rational computational drug design and lead optimization.
Layer-by-Layer (LBL) Self-Assembled Biohybrid Nanomaterials for Efficient Antibacterial Applications (2015)

Although antibiotics have been widely used in clinical applications to treat pathogenic infections at present, the problem of drug-resistance associated with abuse of antibiotics is becoming a potential threat to human beings. We report a biohybrid nanomaterial consisting of antibiotics, enzyme, polymers, hyaluronic acid (HA), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which exhibits efficient in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity with good biocompatibility and negligible hemolytic side effect. Herein, biocompatible layer-by-layer (LBL) coated MSNs are designed and crafted to release encapsulated antibiotics, e.g., amoxicillin (AMO), upon triggering with hyaluronidase, produced by various pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The LBL coating process comprises lysozyme (Lys), HA, and 1,2-ethanediamine (EDA)-modified polyglycerol methacrylate (PGMA). The Lys and cationic polymers provided multivalent interactions between MSN-Lys-HA-PGMA and bacterial membrane and accordingly immobilized the nanoparticles to facilitate the synergistic effect of these antibacterial agents. Loading process was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of MSN-Lys-HA-PGMA treated to antibiotic resistant bacteria is much lower than that of isodose Lys and AMO. Especially, MSN-Lys-HA-PGMA exhibited good inhibition for pathogens in bacteria-infected wounds in vivo. Therefore, this type of new biohybrid nanomaterials showed great potential as novel antibacterial agents.
Inhalation of the Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitor Milrinone Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension in a Rat Model of Congestive Heart Failure (2007)

If these results can be confirmed in humans, inhalation of nebulized milrinone may present a novel, effective, safe, and pulmonary selective strategy for the treatment of pulmonary venous hypertension in CHF.
Digital micromirrors enable holographic video display (2004)

A commercially available digital micromirror device is at the heart of a holographic projector that can project video-rate two-color images; this, along with a volumetric display based on layered liquid-crystal panels, allows the creation of real 3-D images.
Coupled estimation of flow and solute transport parameters (1996)

A methodology for solving the coupled linear flow and transport inverse problem is presented. It allows the estimation of aquifer parameters (transmissivity, storativity, recharge, boundary heads and flows, leakage, dispersivity, molecular diffusion, porosity, retardation, linear decay, boundary concentrations), using their prior estimates as well as head and concentration measurements as basic information. Transient flow and transport equations are solved using the finite element method in space and a weighted finite difference scheme in time. Flow and transport domains can be one‐, two‐, or quasi three‐dimensional, applying linear one‐dimensional elements, linear two‐dimensional triangles, or bilinear two‐dimensional rectangles mixed at will. Time regimes can be transient or steady state in any equation (flow or transport). Parameters are estimated on the basis of maximum likelihood theory, which allows us to obtain information about parameters' uncertainty. Minimization of the negative log likelihood is performed using Marquardt's method. The applicability of the method is shown by means of two real examples. They illustrate that the proposed approach can successfully address model selection, parameter uncertainty, and nontrivial identifiability problems. Estimation of time‐dependent sources and the role of prior estimates are also addressed in the examples. While the formulation of the problem leaves room for both stochastic and deterministic treatment of hydraulic parameters, the latter has been adopted in both examples. Limitations of the approach are also apparent.