gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual resolution characteristics of an afocal array optical system for three-dimensional images (2007)

The visual-resolution characteristics of an array, comprising many elemental afocal optical units, for an optical viewer are investigated. First, it is confirmed by wave optics that lightwaves exiting the array will converge, forming a three-dimensional optical image. Next, it is shown that the convergence point and resolution characteristics depend on the angular magnification of the afocal unit. When the magnification is 1.0, the lightwaves focus on the convergence point, and the resolution characteristics depend only on the diffraction of the afocal units. At magnifications other than 1.0, the lightwaves do not focus on the convergence point, decreasing the resolution as a result. To clarify this result quantitatively, we determined the viewing distances at which the alignment of the afocal units is not perceptible when an optical image formed by the array is viewed by an observer, and we calculated the modulation transfer functions normalized by the viewing distance.
Reduced-complexity spatial and temporal processing of underwater acoustic communication signals (1995)

Multichannel processing of high-speed underwater acoustic communication signals requires computationally intensive receiver algorithms. The size of adaptive filters, determined by the extent of ocean multipath, increases with signaling rate and limits system performance through large noise enhancement and increased sensitivity of computationally efficient algorithms to numerical errors. To overcome these limitations, reduction in receiver complexity is achieved by exploiting the relationship between optimal diversity combining and beamforming. Under relatively simple conditions, two adaptive receivers, one based on diversity combining which does not rely on any spatial signal distribution, and the other based on optimal beamforming, are shown to achieve the same performance. The beamforming approach, however, leads to a receiver of lower complexity. Carrying these observations over to a general case of broadband transmission through an unknown channel, a fully adaptive receiver is developed which incorporates a multi-input multi-output, many-to-few combiner, and a reduced-complexity multichannel equalizer. Receiver operations are optimized jointly to ensure minimum mean-squared error performance of data detection. Results of processing experimental shallow water data demonstrate the capability to fully exploit spatial diversity of underwater multipath while keeping the complexity at an acceptable level.
Large-Scale Polarization-Insensitive Silicon Photonic MEMS Switches (2018)

We report on 50 × 50 silicon photonic micro-electromechanical-system (MEMS) switches with reduced polarization dependence. The switches make use of two-level waveguide crossbars and MEMS-actuated adiabatic couplers. Simulations indicate that by eliminating all polarization-dependent elements (e.g., waveguide crossings), low polarization-dependent losses (<;1 dB) can be realized. An experimental prototype switch was fabricated by bonding two silicon-on-insulator wafers. A polarization-dependent loss of 8.5 dB and a polarization-dependent delay of 44 ps were measured. The extinction ratios are greater than 40 dB for both polarizations. With improved fabrication, total on-chip loss <;2 dB can potentially be achieved for both polarizations.
POSTER (2017)

A filesystem capable of curtailing data theft and ensuring file integrity protection through deception is introduced and evaluated. The deceptive filesystem transparently creates multiple levels of stacking to protect the base filesystem and monitor file accesses, hide and redact sensitive files with baits, and inject decoys onto fake system views purveyed to untrusted subjects, all while maintaining a pristine state to legitimate processes. Our prototype implementation leverages a kernel hot-patch to seamlessly integrate the new filesystem module into live and existing environments. We demonstrate the utility of our approach with a use case on the nefarious Erebus ransomware. We also show that the filesystem adds no I/O overhead for legitimate users.
Biotemplated Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Nitric Oxide-Releasing Diatomaceous Earth Silica Particles (2017)

Diatomaceous earth (DE), a nanoporous silica material composed of fossilized unicellular marine algae, possesses unique mechanical, molecular transport, optical, and photonic properties exploited across an array of biomedical applications. The utility of DE in these applications stands to be enhanced through the incorporation of nitric oxide (NO) technology shown to modulate essential physiological processes. In this work, the preparation and characterization of a biotemplated diatomaceous earth-based nitric oxide delivery scaffold are described for the first time. Three aminosilanes [(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), N-(6-aminohexyl)aminomethyltriethoxysilane (AHAMTES), and 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (APDMES)] were evaluated for their ability to maximize NO loading via the covalent attachment of N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (NAP) to diatomaceous earth. The use of APTES cross-linker resulted in maximal NAP tethering to the DE surface, and NAP-DE was converted to NO-releasing S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP)-DE by nitrosation. The total NO loading of SNAP-DE was determined by chemiluminescence to be 0.0372 ± 0.00791 μmol/mg. Retention of diatomaceous earth's unique mesoporous morphology throughout the derivatization was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. SNAP-DE exhibited 92.95% killing efficiency against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus as compared to the control. The WST-8-based cytotoxicity testing showed no negative impact on mouse fibroblast cells, demonstrating the biocompatible potential of SNAP-DE. The development of NO releasing diatomaceous earth presents a unique means of delivering tunable levels of NO to materials across the fields of polymer chemistry, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing.
Encrypted optical memory using double random phase encoding (2002)

We describe an encrypted optical memory using double random phase encoding at the input plane and the Fourier plane. This technique allows the images to be stored as independent white complex stationary processes. Experimental results are presented. Optical encryption methods using random phase encoding have been proposed recently. In this summary, we describe an encrypted optical memory using double random phase encoding in both the input plane and the Fourier plane. Each stored image is encrypted and can be read out by a unique code or a universal code.
High-power-factor soft-switched boost converter (2006)

A novel implementation of the high-power-factor (HPF) boost converter with active snubber is described. The snubber circuit reduces the reverse-recovery-related losses of the rectifier and also provides zero-voltage switching for the boost switch and zero-current switching for the auxiliary switch. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated on an 80-kHz, 1.5-kW, universal-line range, HPF boost converter. The proposed technique improves the efficiency by approximately 2% at full load and low line.
Hydrotropic Extraction of Curcuminoids from Turmeric (2003)

A novel hydrotropy-based extraction method for selective extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa (turmeric) was investigated. The degree of extraction was dependent upon the effect of a hydrotrope on the cellular structure and hydrotrope–curcuminoids interactions. Hydrotropes directly affect the cell structure, making curcuminoids more accessible either by dissolution of the cell membrane/wall constituents or by disorganizing cell wall. Sodium cumene sulfonate (Na-CuS) was found to be an efficient hydrotrope for the extraction of curcuminoids. A significantly strong interaction with sodium n-butyl benzene sulfonate (Na-NBBS) of curcuminoids was undesirable in the recovery of curcuminoids from the extract phase, although Na-NBBS was extremely efficient in extracting curcuminoids. The two-step process, hydrotropic solubilization followed by dilution using water with or without pH adjustment, gave good yields of curcuminoids with high purity.
Membrane-Enhanced Lamina Emergent Torsional Joints for Surrogate Folds (2018)

Lamina emergent compliant mechanisms (including origami-adapted compliant mechanisms) are mechanical devices that can be fabricated from a planar material (a lamina) and have motion that emerges out of the fabrication plane. Lamina emergent compliant mechanisms often exhibit undesirable parasitic motions due to the planar fabrication constraint. This work introduces a type of lamina emergent torsion (LET) joint that reduces parasitic motions of lamina emergent mechanisms, and presents equations for modeling parasitic motion of LET joints. The membrane joint also makes possible one-way joints that can ensure origami-based mechanisms emerge from their flat state (a change point) into the desired configuration. Membrane-enhanced LET (M-LET) joints, including one-way surrogate folds, are described here and show promise for use in a wide range of compliant mechanisms and origami-based compliant mechanisms. They are demonstrated as individual joints and in mechanisms such as a kaleidocycle (a 6R Bricard linkage), degree-4 origami vertices (spherical mechanisms), and waterbomb base mechanisms (an 8R multi-degrees-of-freedom origami-based mechanism).
Meta-Mesh Span Restoration and Increased Lightpath Routing in Sparse Network Topologies (2008)

Prior work has shown that network capacity efficiency decreases significantly as a network's topology becomes sparse. Meta-mesh restoration was proposed in prior work as a means of increasing capacity efficiency in such networks, and showed significant improvements relative to span restoration. In the present work herein, we now study the effects of converting an existing (or planned) span-restorable network to one employing meta-mesh restoration. We develop and analyze two new ILP design models, extensions of the original meta-mesh restoration design models, to maximize the average per-demand increase in working lightpaths the network can serve and fully protect if converted to meta-mesh.
Isolation of a Second Recombinant Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Monoclonal Antibody Fragment (Fab RSVF2–5) that Exhibits Therapeutic Efficacy In Vivo (1998)

A second human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-neutralizing monoclonal antibody was isolated and its binding site was identified. Fab F2-5 is a broadly reactive fusion (F) protein-specific recombinant Fab generated by antigen selection from a random combinatorial library displayed on the surface of filamentous phage. In an in vitro plaque-reduction test, the Fab RSVF2-5 neutralized the infectivity of a variety of field isolates representing viruses of both RSV subgroups A and B. The Fab recognized an antigenic determinant that differed from the only other human anti-F monoclonal antibody (RSV Fab 19) described thus far. A single dose of 4.0 mg of Fab RSVF2-5/kg of body weight administered by inhalation was sufficient to achieve a 2000-fold reduction in pulmonary virus titer in RSV-infected mice. The antigen-binding domain of Fab RSVF2-5 offers promise as part of a prophylactic regimen for RSV infection in humans.
Approximate maximum likelihood estimation of integer carrier frequency offset in OFDM systems (2005)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the carrier frequency offset can he normalized by the subcarrier bandwidth and then he divided into the integer and the fractional part. This paper focuses on the estimation of the integer carrier frequency offset and derives approximate maximum likelihood (ML) estimators in the presence and in the absence of pilot subcarriers. Simplified approximate ML estimators with reduced complexity are also proposed. The performance of the proposed estimators is compared with that of existing estimators, and it is shown by simulation that the proposed estimators outperform existing estimators.
Imidazole and chromium acetylacetonate as additives for the cure and fracture toughness of epoxy resins and their composites (1995)

Abstract The effects of additives such as 2‐undecyl‐imidazole (C 11 Z) and chromium acetylacetonate (Cr(acac) 3 ) were examined on the curing behavior and fracture toughness of tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenyl methane/diaminodiphenyl sulphone (TGDDM/DDS) epoxy resins and their composites. The C 11 Z additive alone reacted with TGDDM epoxy resins at about 127°C and increased the resin viscosity, resulting in an acceptable resin content for composite processing. Further addition of Cr(acac) 3 to TGDDM/DDS/C 11 Z formulation increased the fracture toughness 5.7 times compared to the typical TGDDM/DDS/BF 3 MEA epoxy formulation used for the preparation of laminates. The interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminates prepared by TGDDM/DDS/C 11 Z/Cr(acac) 3 formulation was only twice as much as that prepared by typical TGDDM/DDS/BF 3 MEA. This was due to the fiber bridging contribution to the interlaminar fracture toughness. Based on the experiment, this fiber bridging contribution was only dependent on the fiber content. Thus, the interlaminar fracture toughness is approximated by the sum of the fracture toughness of epoxy matrix and the estimated fiber bridging contribution.
Three-dimensional localization of in vivo bioluminescent source based on multispectral imaging (2009)

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a novel in vivo technique in small animal studies, which can reveal the molecular and cellular information at the whole-body small animal level. At present, there is an increasing interest in multispectral bioluminescence tomography, since multispectral data acquisition could improve the BLT performance significantly. In view to the ill-posedness of BLT problem, we develop an optimal permissible source region strategy to constrain the possible solution of the source by utilizing spectrum character of bioluminescent source. Then a linear system to link the measured data with the unknown light source variables is established by utilizing the optimal permissible region strategy based on adaptive finite element analysis. Furthermore, singular value decomposition analysis is used for data dimensionality reduction and improving computational efficiency in multispectral case. The reconstructed speed and stability benefit from adaptive finite element, the permissible region strategy and singular value decomposition. In the numerical simulation, the heterogeneous phantom experiment has been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm with the Monte Carlo based synthetic data. The reconstruction results demonstrate the merits and potential of our methodology for localizing bioluminescent source.
Distribution and anisotropy of fast wave speed in the cancellous bone of bovine femur (2008)

The ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the cancellous bone is separated into two waves, fast and slow waves [1]. In this study, the relationship between the fast wave speed and the cancellous bone structure is experimentally investigated. A conventional ultrasonic pulse measurement was performed using a PVDF focus transmitter (Custom made, Toray) and a self-made PVDF receiver. Cylindrical specimens of cancellous bone were taken from the head of bovine femur in the distal part, along the three orthogonal directions. The distribution of fast wave speed was obtained by changing the measurement position along the cylindrical axis. The anisotropy of speed was also investigated by rotating the specimens. The structural parameters of each specimen were also measured by X-ray micro CT (MCT-12505MF, Hitachi), which gave us the trabecular length and alignment from MIL (mean intercept length) parameters through TRI/3D-Bon software (Ratoc). We found that the fast wave showed large distribution and strong anisotropy depending on the measurement positions and wave propagation directions in the specimens. The fast wave showed the maximum speed in case of wave propagation along the load direction. Reference [1] A. Hosokawa and T. Otani, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 101, 558 (1997).
Development of Assay Systems for Bioengineering Proteins that Affect Dough Quality and Wheat Utilization (1994)

The quality and utilization of wheat is largely dependent upon the exact physical/chemical properties of the doughs made from flour/water mixtures. Among the wheat seed components most correlated with dough visoelastic parameters are the high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits whose disulfide cross-linked macropolymer is critical for dough functionality. We have used the tools of molecular biology, wheat transformation, heterologous expression of HMW-glutenin subunits in bacteria, and dough micro-mixing experiments to examine some of the molecular basis of HMW-glutenin functionality. In addition, we have developed sets of modified and synthetic gene constructs and transgenic wheat lines that will allow further examination of the role of the HMW-glutenins. Among the results from this work is evidence that the HMW-glutenin repeat domain is directly related to dough properties, the demonstration that interaction between subunits is dependent upon domain presence but not order, a novel understanding of the restrictions on intra-vs inter-chain disulfide bonds, the demonstration that HMW-glutenin genes can be transformed into wheat for simultaneously high expression of the transgene and suppression of the endogenous genes, and the construction of a set of modified HMW-glutenins capable of being epitope tagged for studying polypeptide subcellular processing and the fate of HMW-glutenins in dough mixing experiments.
Power budgeting for virtualized data centers (2011)

Power costs are very significant for data centers. To maximally utilize the provisioned power capacity, data centers often employ over-subscription, that is, the sum of peak consumptions of individual servers may be greater than the provisioned capacity. Power budgeting methods are employed to ensure that actual consumption never exceeds capacity. However, current power budgeting methods enforce capacity limits in hardware and are not well suited for virtualized servers because the hardware is shared among multiple applications. We present a power budgeting system for virtualized infrastructures that enforces power limits on individual distributed applications. Our system enables multiple applications to share the same servers but operate with their individual quality of service guarantees. It responds to workload and power availability changes, by dynamically allocating appropriate amount of power to different applications and tiers within applications. The design is mindful of practical constraints such the data center’s limited visibility into hosted application performance. We evaluate the system using workloads derived from real world data center traces. 1
A compact dual-mand metamaterial-based rat-race coupler for a MIMO system application (2008)

A compact dual-band rat-race coupler is proposed in this paper. By using composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) and investigating all possible combinations of phase responses of the individual TLs in the coupler, a dual-band and miniaturized rat-race coupler was implemented. The dual-band rat-race coupler shows a 55% size reduction. This CRLH-based coupler is used as a mode-decoupling network in a dual-band front-end MIMO system, along with a planar antenna array, to split two orthogonal radiation modes from the connected array. A pair of compact dual-band antennas were built and closely spaced to demonstrate pattern diversity by in-phase or out-of-phase excitations from the coupler. Good experimental isolation of the system, −29 dB at 2.4 GHz and −34.2 dB at 5.2 GHz, is exhibited verifying the desired decoupling property. Furthermore, pattern diversity in MIMO communications was observed by two measured orthogonal radiation patterns.
Selective dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber for infrared stealth technology (2017)

We propose a dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber with a metal-insulator-metal structure (MIM) for use in infrared (IR) stealth technology. We designed the MIM structure to have surface plasmon polariton (SPP) and magnetic polariton (MP) resonance peaks at 1.54 μm and 6.2 μm, respectively. One peak suppresses the scattering signals used by laser-guided missiles, and the other matches the atmospheric absorption band, thereby enabling the suppression of long-wavelength IR (LWIR) and mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) signals from objects as they propagate through the air. We analysed the spectral properties of the resonance peaks by comparing the wavelength of the MP peak calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method with that obtained by utilizing an inductor-capacitor circuit model. We evaluated the dependence of the performance of the dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber on the incident angle of light at the surface. The proposed absorber was able to reduce the scattering of 1.54 μm IR laser light by more than 90% and suppress the MWIR and LWIR signatures by more than 92%, as well as maintain MWIR and LWIR signal reduction rates greater than 90% across a wide temperature range from room temperature to 500 °C.
Adsorption of benzene on impregnated carbon nanotubes (2020)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes impregnated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles were prepared. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were used to remove benzene from water. The iron-impregnated carbon nanotubes from a range 5 wt% iron to 20 wt% iron were prepared. The removal of benzene increases with the increase of impregnated iron percent in the multi-walled carbon nanotube. Redlich-Peterson model gives better data representation. Maximum adsorption capacity of impregnated CNTs was found to be 271 mg/g. The highest adsorption capacity of carbon nanotubes impregnated by iron nanoparticles confirms a good possibility to be an excellent adsorbent compared to others adsorbents to remove benzene from water.
Synthesis and ring-opening polymerization of bicyclic lactones containing a tetrahydropyran ring. 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and ring-opening polymerization of bicyclic lactones containing a tetrahydropyran ring. 2,6-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-oneMasahiko Okada, Hiroshi Sumitomo, Miharu Atsumi, and H. K. Hall Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 503–509Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00157a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts