gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Tube Single-Enzyme Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Pooled Bovine Serum (2001)

A reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was developed for use as a diagnostic screening test for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in pooled bovine serum samples. Individual serum samples from 60 dairy cattle herds located in Pennsylvania were evaluated by the microplate virus isolation method, and pooled sera were analyzed by RT-PCR. RT-PCR was sensitive and specific and detected a single viremic serum sample in up to 100 pooled serum samples. RT-PCR analysis of pooled sera provides a rapid and cost-effective method for the screening of cattle herds for the presence of animals persistently infected with BVDV.
Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients (2020)

The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the response of tumors to anti-PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) immunotherapy in preclinical mouse models and observational patient cohorts. However, modulation of gut microbiota in cancer patients has not been investigated in clinical trials. In this study, we performed a phase 1 clinical trial to assess the safety and feasibility of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and reinduction of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in 10 patients with anti-PD-1-refractory metastatic melanoma. We observed clinical responses in three patients, including two partial responses and one complete response. Notably, treatment with FMT was associated with favorable changes in immune cell infiltrates and gene expression profiles in both the gut lamina propria and the tumor microenvironment. These early findings have implications for modulating the gut microbiota in cancer treatment.
Pharmacological induction of cell surface GRP78 contributes to apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells (2014)

Breast cancer tumor with triple-negative receptors (estrogen, progesterone and Her 2, receptors) is the most aggressive and deadly subtype, with high rates of disease recurrence and poor survival. Here, we show that induction in cell surface GRP78 by doxorubicin and tunicamycin was associated with CHOP/GADD153 upregulation and increase in apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer tumor cells. GRP78 is a major regulator of the stress induced unfolded protein response pathway and CHOP/GADD153 is a pro-apoptotic transcription factor associated exclusively with stress induced apoptosis. The blocking of cell surface GRP78 by anti-GRP78 antibody prevented apoptosis, suggesting that induction of cell surface GRP78 by doxorubicin and tunicamycin is required for apoptosis. A better understanding of stress induction of apoptotic signaling in triple negative breast cancer cells may help to define new therapeutic strategies.
First-in-Humans Study of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, a PET Ligand Targeting Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (2020)

Sialic acid-binding immunoglubulinlike lectin 9 (Siglec-9) is a ligand of vascular adhesion protein 1. A <sup>68</sup>Ga-labeled peptide of Siglec-9, <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, holds promise as a novel PET tracer for imaging of inflammation. This first-in-humans study investigated the safety, tolerability, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of this radiopharmaceutical. <b>Methods:</b> Six healthy men underwent dynamic whole-body PET/CT. Serial venous blood samples were drawn from 1 to 240 min after intravenous injection of 162 ± 4 MBq of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9. In addition to γ-counting, the plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to detect intact tracer and radioactive metabolites. Radiation doses were calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software, version 2.2. In addition, a patient with early rheumatoid arthritis was studied with both <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT to determine the ability of the new tracer to detect arthritis. <b>Results:</b><sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was well tolerated by all subjects. <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was rapidly cleared from the blood circulation, and several radioactive metabolites were detected. The organs with the highest absorbed doses were the urinary bladder wall (0.38 mSv/MBq) and kidneys (0.054 mSv/MBq). The mean effective dose was 0.022 mSv/MBq (range, 0.020-0.024 mSv/MBq). Most importantly, however, <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was comparable to <sup>18</sup>F-FDG in detecting arthritis. <b>Conclusion:</b> Intravenous injection of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was safe and biodistribution was favorable for testing of the tracer in larger group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as is planned for the next phase of clinical trials. The effective radiation dose of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was within the same range as the effective radiation doses of other <sup>68</sup>Ga-labeled tracers. Injection of 150 MBq of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 would expose a subject to 3.3 mSv. These findings support the possible repeated clinical use of <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, such as in trials to elucidate the treatment efficacy of novel drug candidates.
Towards Higher Disk Head Utilization: Extracting Free" Bandwidth From Busy Disk Drives" (2000)

Abstract: "Freeblock scheduling is a new approach to utilizing more of disks' potential media bandwidths. By filling rotational latency periods with useful media transfers, 20[50% [sic] of a never-idle disk's bandwidth can often be provided to background applications with no effect on foreground response times. This paper describes freeblock scheduling and demonstrates its value with two concrete applications: free segment cleaning and free data mining. Free segment cleaning often allows an LFS file system to maintain its ideal write performance when cleaning overheads would otherwise cause up to factor of 3 performance decreases. Free data mining can achieve 45 - 70 full disk scans per day on an active transaction processing system, with no effect on transaction performance."
On Controllability of Four-Product Dividing Wall Columns (2018)

Although potential for reduction of energy requirement and related carbon dioxide emissions is highly attractive – around 50% compared to conventional three column sequences – process industries are still reluctant to consider implementation of four products fully thermally coupled dividing wall columns, mainly due to concerns related to controllability of two or three vapor splits as encountered in complex DWC arrangements. This paper presents results of a simulation study that could bring some relief in this respect, indicating that a temperature-driven control structure, in conjunction with very tight control of temperature profiles in prefractionation section, as well as in the product draw regions of the column, is capable of restoring the operation to health from typical disturbances in feed quality.
Cdc6p modulates the structure and DNA binding activity of the origin recognition complex in vitro (2000)

An interaction between the origin recognition complex (ORC) and Cdc6p is the first and a key step in the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication. We describe the assembly of an origin-dependent complex containing ORC and Cdc6p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc6p increases the DNA binding specificity of ORC by inhibiting non-specific DNA binding of ORC. Cdc6p induces a concomitant change in the conformation of ORC and mutations in the Cdc6p Walker A and Walker B motifs, or ATP-gamma-S inhibited these activities of Cdc6p. These data suggest that Cdc6p modifies ORC function at DNA replication origins. On the basis of these results in yeast, we propose that Cdc6p may be an essential determinant of origin specificity in metazoan species.
Big Bacteria (2001)

A small number of prokaryotic species have a unique physiology or ecology related to their development of unusually large size. The biomass of bacteria varies over more than 10 orders of magnitude, from the 0.2 microm wide nanobacteria to the largest cells of the colorless sulfur bacteria, Thiomargarita namibiensis, with a diameter of 750 microm. All bacteria, including those that swim around in the environment, obtain their food molecules by molecular diffusion. Only the fastest and largest swimmers known, Thiovulum majus, are able to significantly increase their food supply by motility and by actively creating an advective flow through the entire population. Diffusion limitation generally restricts the maximal size of prokaryotic cells and provides a selective advantage for microm-sized cells at the normally low substrate concentrations in the environment. The largest heterotrophic bacteria, the 80 x 600 microm large Epulopiscium sp. from the gut of tropical fish, are presumably living in a very nutrient-rich medium. Many large bacteria contain numerous inclusions in the cells that reduce the volume of active cytoplasm. The most striking examples of competitive advantage from large cell size are found among the colorless sulfur bacteria that oxidize hydrogen sulfide to sulfate with oxygen or nitrate. The several-cm-long filamentous species can penetrate up through the ca 500-microm-thick diffusive boundary layer and may thereby reach into water containing their electron acceptor, oxygen or nitrate. By their ability to store vast quantities of both nitrate and elemental sulfur in the cells, these bacteria have become independent of the coexistence of their substrates. In fact, a close relative, T. namibiensis, can probably respire in the sulfidic mud for several months before again filling up their large vacuoles with nitrate.
The multidrug resistance phenotype confers immunological resistance. (1996)

Multidrug resistance (MDR), which is due, in part, to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein, confers resistance to a variety of natural product chemotherapeutic agents such as daunorubicin, vincristine, and colchicine. RV+ cells are a P-glycoprotein overexpressing variant of the HL60 myeloid leukemia cell line. In addition to classic MDR, RV+ cells displayed relative resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity with both immunoglobulin G and M antibodies against different cell surface antigens, but not to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lymphokine-activated killing. Complement resistance was reversed both by treatment with verapamil and with specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of binding to P-glycoprotein and blocking its function. To further confirm that the resistance of RV+ cells was not a consequence of the selection of the cells on vincristine, a second system involving P-glycoprotein infectants was also investigated. K562 cells infected with the MDR1 gene, which were never selected on chemotherapeutic drugs, also displayed relative resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity. This MDR1 infection-induced resistance was also reversed by mAbs that bind to P-glycoprotein. Therefore, the MDR phenotype as mediated by P-glycoprotein provides resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The increased intracellular pH and the decreased membrane potential due to the MDR phenotype may result in abnormal membrane attack complex function. This observation may have implications for the possible mechanisms of action of P-glycoprotein and for a possible physiologic role for P-glycoprotein in protection against complement-mediated autolysis.
영아전담보육시설 보육교사의 교육요구 (2015)

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate educational demands of teachers in the daycare centers for infant healthcare. Methods: Sixty-nine teachers who in charge of children under 1 year old at infant daycare centers participated from January 2 to March 31, 2012. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation using SPSS 21.0. Results: Education demands among teachers of infant daycare centers were high in health and safety domain. Teachers prefer 6 month as the term of education, at the beginning of the semester. Also, three hours or less of session under the auspices of health and safety organizations were preferred. Mostly demanded education contents were first-aid skills depending on diverse types of accidents. In addition, teachersrequired repeat of practically available first-aid education programs with improved educational conditions. Conclusion: This study offered crucial examination of current status and key problems of infant healthcare at infant daycare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas, and identified educational demands for infant healthcare among infant teachers.
Multibranched triarylamine end-capped triazines with aggregation-induced emission and large two-photon absorption cross-sections (2010)

Multibranched triarylamine derivatives with a 1,3,5-triazine core have been synthesized and exhibit aggregation-induced emission and a large two-photon absorption cross section (8629 GM).
Enhanced Natural Visual Perception for Augmented Reality-Workstations by Simulation of Perspective (2014)

A novel method is presented for enhancing the natural visual perception afforded by augmented reality (AR) workstations. The approach incorporates a method for simulating perspective viewing using a monitor-based AR workstation that acts as a window to the physical workspace in front of it. Although similar AR workstations are often used in industry, they do not provide natural visual perception. By incorporating user head tracking and a spherical mirror, the method proposed enhances visual perception by simulating the depth cue of perspective viewing. The method interactively adjusts the viewing parameters to provide accurate perspective viewing of both the video stream (representing the physical environment) as well as the virtual objects superimposed within it. Hence, the user gains the impression of 3D viewing of the entire AR scene when moving ones head in front of the monitor. This paper describes the hardware setup and the method for perspective simulation within an AR software application. Finally, an experimental evaluation of the accuracy of the system is described to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Efficiency studies of second-harmonic-active organic dye coverages (1987)

A comparative study of the second-harmonic efficiency of monomolecular coverages of organic dyes has been performed. Although a simple excitation geometry has been used, the study reveals important relations among orientation, chemical structure, and nonlinear polarizability. In particular, pyridine compounds of appropriate chain length show a high hyperpolarizability α¯¯(2) and also a high nonlinear surface polarizability χ¯¯s(2) owing to regular self-alignment.
The effectiveness of omeprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole in eradicating <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in a community screen and treat programme (2000)

The OCT regimen has an eradication rate of 61% in intention-to-treat analysis and is therefore less successful in treating H. pylori as part of a screening programme compared with hospital studies in dyspeptic patients.
Mechanism and Elimination of a Water Vapor Interference in the Measurement of Ozone by UV Absorbance (2006)

A water vapor interference in ozone measurements by UV absorption was investigated using four different ozone monitors (TEI models 49 and 49C, Dasibi model 1003-AH, and a 2B Technologies model 202 prototype). In the extreme case of step changes between 0 and 90% relative humidity (RH), a large interference in the range of tens to hundreds of ppbv was found for all instruments tested, with the magnitude and sign depending on the manufacturer and model. Considering that water vapor does not absorb at the wavelength of the Hg lamp (253.7 nm) used in these instruments, another explanation is required. Based on experimental evidence and theoretical considerations, we conclude that the water vapor interference is caused by humidity effects on the transmission of uncollimated UV light through the detection cell. The ozone scrubber acts as a water reservoir, either adding or removing water from the air sample, thereby modulating the detector signal and producing a positive or negative offset. It was found for the 2B Technologies ozone monitor that use of a 1-m length of Nafion tubing just prior to the entrance to the detection cell reduces the water vapor interference to negligible levels (+/- 2 ppbv for step changes between 0 and 90% RH) while quantitatively passing ozone.
Basal ganglia modulation of thalamocortical relay in Parkinson's disease and dystonia (2013)

Basal ganglia dysfunction has being implied in both Parkinson's disease and dystonia. While these disorders probably involve different cellular and circuit pathologies within and beyond basal ganglia, there may be some shared neurophysiological pathways. For example, pallidotomy and pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) are used in symptomatic treatment of both disorders. Both conditions are marked by alterations of rhythmicity of neural activity throughout basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Increased synchronized oscillatory activity in beta band is characteristic of Parkinson’s disease, while different frequency bands, theta and alpha, are involved in dystonia. We compare the effect of the activity of GPi, the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, on the information processing in the downstream neural circuits of thalamus in Parkinson’s disease and dystonia. We use a data-driven computational approach, a computational model of the thalamocortical (TC) cell modulated by experimentally recorded data, to study the differences and similarities of thalamic dynamics in dystonia and Parkinson's disease. Our analysis shows no substantial differences in TC relay between the two conditions. Our results suggest that, similar to Parkinson’s disease, a disruption of thalamic processing could also be involved in dystonia. Moreover, the degree to which TC relay fidelity is impaired is approximately the same in both conditions. While Parkinson’s disease and dystonia may have different pathologies and differ in the oscillatory content of neural discharge, our results suggest that the effect of patterning of pallidal discharge is similar in both conditions. Furthermore, these results suggest that the mechanisms of GPi DBS in dystonia maybe involve improvement of TC relay fidelity.
IONIC LIQUIDS IN A RENEWABLE FERMENT (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTIONIC LIQUIDS IN A RENEWABLE FERMENTDesigner solvents show potential for recovery of fuel, chemical feedstock from biomassMICHAEL FREEMANTLECite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 14, 57Publication Date (Print):April 2, 2001Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 2 April 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n014.p057https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n014.p057newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Salts,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Multidirectional digital scanned light-sheet microscopy enables uniform fluorescence excitation and contrast-enhanced imaging (2018)

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has emerged as a powerful method for rapid and optically efficient 3D microscopy. Initial LSFM designs utilized a static sheet of light, termed selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), which exhibited shadowing artifacts and deteriorated contrast due to light scattering. These issues have been addressed, in part, by multidirectional selective plane illumination microscopy (mSPIM), in which rotation of the light sheet is used to mitigate shadowing artifacts, and digital scanned light-sheet microscopy (DSLM), in which confocal line detection is used to reject scattered light. Here we present a simple and passive multidirectional digital scanned light-sheet microscopy (mDSLM) architecture that combines the benefits of mSPIM and DSLM. By utilizing an elliptical Gaussian beam with increased angular diversity in the imaging plane, mDSLM provides mitigation of shadowing artifacts and contrast-enhanced imaging of fluorescently labeled samples.
Selective nucleophilic replacement of the benzylsulfanyl group in 2,4‐disulfanyl‐substituted thieno[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐6‐carboxylic acid derivatives by secondary amines (2005)

Abstract Thieno[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines with benzylsulfanyl and allylsulfanyl group in the presence of other alkylsul‐fanyl substituents react selectively under mild conditions with secondary amines under replacement of the benzyl or allyl residue whereas the other substituents remain intact. This enables the synthesis of different basic substituted derivatives with potentially biologically activity.
Purification and certain properties of a bacteriocin from Streptococcus mutans (1982)

An inhibition factor from Streptococcus mutans strain C3603 (serotype c) was purified and isolated, and its properties indicated that it was a bacteriocin. Bacteriocin C3603 is a basic protein with a pI value of 10 and a molecular weight of 4,800. The activity of this bacteriocin was not affected by pH over a range of 1.0 to 12.0 or by storage at 100 degrees C for 10 min at pH 2.0 to 7.0 or storage at 121 degrees C for 15 min at pH 4.0. Pronase; papain, phospholipase C, trypsin, and alpha-amylase had no effect on the activity of the bacteriocin, whereas alpha-chymotrypsin and pancreatin were partially active against it. Bacteriocin activity was greater against certain S. mutans strains of serotypes b, c, e, and f than against certain S. mutans strains of serotypes a, d, and g. Bacteriocin C3603 was also effective against selected strains of S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. bovis, S. faecium, S. lactis, Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Propionibacterium acnes, and Bacteroides melaninogenicus, but it was not effective against certain strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Corynebacterium parvum, and Candida albicans. The inhibition of S. mutans strains BHT and PS-14 by bacteriocin C3603 was found to be due to the bacteriocidal activity of the bacteriocin. When water or a diet containing bacteriocin C3603 was consumed by gnotobiotic and specific pathogen-free rats infected with S. mutans PS-14, the caries score was found to be significantly reduced.