gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18724: Stable and Synchronous Pacing Generated From the Tbx18-Induced Pacemaker Cells by Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Inhibition (2016)

The pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node (SAN) exhibit highly variable individual beating rates, and yet pace the heart in synchrony. We have previously demonstrated conversion of ventricular cardiomyocytes to induced pacemaker cells (iPCs) by Tbx18. However, the iPCs ceased to pace the heart in a short while. In the embryonic heart, Tbx18 not only directs the SAN development, but also mobilizes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epicardial progenitors. We hypothesized that, during the conversion to iPCs, Tbx18 initiates both automaticity and EMT, and the EMT program runs counter to iPCs’ pacing function. The iPCs were created by adenoviral gene transfer of human TBX18 to neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, while control myocytes were transduced with GFP alone (GFP-NRVMs). Cells that undergo EMT are known to migrate. Within 48hrs post-TBX18 gene transfer, significantly more iPCs exhibited a migratory behavior compared to GFP-NRVMs (216±12 vs. 28±4, p 2+ imaging confirmed synchronous Ca 2+ cycling in iPCs+A83, but not in iPCs, which correlated with increased Hcn4 expression at the transcript and protein levels (2.8- and 1.6-fold, respectively, p Taken together, Tbx18-induced pacemaker cells generate durable and synchronous pacing upon inhibiting EMT. Our findings may give rise to biological pacemakers that are capable of long-term pacing.
<title>RBC-aggregation-assisted light transmission through blood and occlusion oximetry</title> (2000)

Optical transmission of tissue in-vivo and model red blood cells (RBS) suspensions in vitro have been measured in red and near infrared region targeting better understanding of the nature of in vivo pulsatile signals. It is shown experimentally (both in vitro and in vivo) that the pulsatile signal may result not just from volumetric changes, but also from light scattering fluctuations. Theoretical predictions on time evolution of optical transmission for the case of very long over-systolic occlusion also have been proved experimentally for both in vivo measurements and in vitro model sets. The interconnection of the shape of optical signal and geometry of RBC aggregates is confirmed.
The uraA locus and homologous recombination in Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1993)

Molecular genetic manipulation of mycobacteria would benefit from the isolation of mycobacterial genes that could serve both as genetic markers and as sequences used to target homologous integration of recombinant DNA into the genome. We isolated the Mycobacterium bovis BCG gene encoding orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMP-DCase) by complementing an Escherichia coli mutant defective in this activity. The BCG OMP-DCase gene (uraA) and the flanking DNA were sequenced. The predicted BCG OMP-DCase protein sequence is closely related to the Myxococcus xanthus OMP-DCase and more distantly related to the other known prokaryotic and eukaryotic OMP-DCases. To investigate whether homologous integration can occur in M. bovis BCG, an improved protocol for transformation of BCG was developed and a linear fragment of mycobacterial DNA containing the uraA locus, marked with a kanamycin resistance gene, was introduced into BCG cells by electroporation. The kanamycin-resistant BCG transformants all contained vector DNA integrated into the genome. The marked DNA had integrated into the homologous uraA locus in approximately 20% of the transformants. These results have implications for understanding the role of mycobacterial genes in disease pathogenesis and for the genetic engineering of improved mycobacterial vaccines.
Perfect Concurrent Fault Detection in CMOS Logic Circuits Using Parity Preservative Reversible Gates (2019)

Reversible logic has 100% fault observability meaning that a fault in any circuit node propagates to the output stage. In other words, reversible circuits are latent-fault-free. Our motivation is to incorporate this unique feature of reversible logic to design CMOS circuits having perfect or 100% Concurrent Error Detection (CED) capability. For this purpose, we propose a new fault preservative reversible gate library called Even Target - Mixed Polarity Multiple Control Toffoli (ET-MPMCT). By using ET-MPMCT, we ensure that the evenness/oddness of applied 1's at input, is preserved at all levels of a circuit including output level unless there is a faulty node. A single fault always destroys the parity of input at the output. Our design strategy has two steps for a given function: 1) implement the function with our proposed reversible ET-MPMCT gate library; and 2) apply reversible-to-CMOS gate conversion. For the first step, we propose two approaches. For our first approach in step 1, we first need to have a reversible form of the given function if it is irreversible. Then, synthesize the reversible function using Mixed Polarity Multiple Control Toffoli (MPMCT) gate library by conventional reversible logic synthesis techniques. Finally, the synthesized circuit is converted to ET-MPMCT constructed circuit which is fault preservative. Our second approach, is an ESOP - Exclusive Sum of Products - based synthesis approach modified for our proposed fault preservative ET-MPMCT gate library. It does work with both irreversible and reversible functions. We synthesize our circuits with both approaches in step 1 and choose the circuit with lower number of reversible gates to be fed to step 2 of our design strategy. In second step of our design strategy, we convert our fault preservative reversible circuits into their CMOS counterparts. The performance of our designs is compared with other CED schemes in the literature in terms of area, power consumption, delay and detection rate. Simulations are done with Cadence Genus tool using TSMC 40nm technology. Clearly, results are in favor of our proposed techniques.
On-line unsupervised adaptation in speaker verification (2000)

This paper presents a new approach to on-line unsupervised adaptation in speaker verification. The approach extends previous work by (1) improving performance on the enrollment handset-type when adapting on a different handset-type (e.g., improving performance on cellular when adapting on a landline office phone), (2) accomplishing this cross channel improvement without increasing the size of the speaker model after adaptation, (3) employing a count-based, parameter-dependent smoothing algorithm that emphasizes the use of mean parameters in the speaker models until sufficient adaptation data are present to accurately estimate variances, and (4) developing a new confidence-based adaptation update weight which minimizes the corrupting effects on the speaker models from impostor attacks. Experimental results were completed on a gender-balanced database of Japanese digits with 5222 speaker models across mixed channel conditions (landline and cellular). After adaptations on 8 separate phone calls with a single 8-digit utterance per call and a 12.5% impostor attack rate, the EER was reduced by 61% (rel.) using the new unsupervised adaptation approach. This compares favorably to the (optimal) 84% reduction in EER resulting from supervised adaptation.
Partially Grounded Depressed Beam Collector (2015)

A novel depressed beam collector concept is described that can be relevant for klystrons and other linear beam tubes. In addition to the usual collector element or elements biased negatively to recover unspent-beam energy, a grounded element is introduced to collect reflected primary and backsteaming secondary electrons that, on account of transverse deflection, can be prevented from returning toward the cathode. A theoretical and simulation analysis is presented leading to the estimations of efficiency for this configuration, with examples that apply to a recently demonstrated L-band multibeam klystron. Efficiencies are predicted to be significantly higher for tubes employing partially grounded depressed collectors (DCs) than for tubes employing the conventional DCs.
Ex vivo culture with human brain endothelial cells increases the SCID-repopulating capacity of adult human bone marrow (2002)

Adult human bone marrow (ABM) is an important source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. However, in contrast to the recent progress that has been achieved with umbilical cord blood, methods to expand ABM stem cells for therapeutic applications have been disappointing. In this study, we describe a novel culture method that uses human brain endothelial cells (HUBECs) and that supports the quantitative expansion of the most primitive measurable cell within the adult bone marrow compartment, the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) repopulating cell (SRC). Coculture of human ABM CD34(+) cells with brain endothelial cells for 7 days supported a 5.4-fold increase in CD34(+) cells, induced more than 95% of the CD34(+)CD38(-) subset to enter cell division, and produced progeny that engrafted NOD/SCID mice at significantly higher rates than fresh ABM CD34(+) cells. Using a limiting dilution analysis, we found the frequency of SRCs within fresh ABM CD34(+) cells to be 1 in 9.9 x 10(5) cells. Following HUBEC culture, the estimated frequency of SRCs increased to 1 in 2.4 x 10(5) cells. All mice that received transplants of HUBEC-cultured cells showed B-lymphoid and myeloid differentiation, indicating that a primitive hematopoietic cell was preserved during culture. Noncontact HUBEC cultures also maintained SRCs at a level comparable to contact HUBEC cultures, suggesting that cell-to-cell contact was not required. These data demonstrate that human brain endothelial cells possess a unique hematopoietic activity that increases the repopulating capacity of adult human bone marrow.
A Fast Responding and Direct-Reading WBGT Index Meter (1975)

A newly-developed electronic meter for quick direct measurement of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index is described. The fast response of the instrument is attained by use of a tiny globe from which the correct 6-inch black Vernon Globe temperature as well as the true WBGT based on this 6-inch globe temperature are obtained. The device also provides for independent measurement of dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and wind speed. Use of this instrument permits accurate assessment of transient heat stress levels in hot industrial and military environments.
Background traffic optimization for meeting deadlines in data center storage (2016)

Background traffic, such as repair, rebalance, backup and recovery traffic, often has large volume and consumes significant network resources in cloud storage systems. While having each application independently schedule its own background traffic can easily generate interference among data flows, causing violation of desired QoS requirements (e.g., latency and deadline), heuristic scheduling algorithms like Earliest-Deadline-First and First-In-First-Out are not able to take into account data center constraints such network topology or data chunk placement, thus resulting in unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, Linear Programming for Selected Tasks (LPST), which coordinate background traffic of different jobs to meet traffic deadline and optimize system throughput. In particular, our goal is to maximize the number of background traffic flows that meet their target deadlines under bandwidth constraints in data center storage systems. Using realistic traffic trace, our simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves task processing time and the probability of meeting deadlines.
A Processable Shape Memory Polymer System for Biomedical Applications (2015)

Polyurethane shape memory polymers (SMPs) with tunable thermomechanical properties and advanced processing capabilities are synthesized, characterized, and implemented in the design of a microactuator medical device prototype. The ability to manipulate glass transition temperature (Tg ) and crosslink density in low-molecular weight aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane SMPs is demonstrated using a synthetic approach that employs UV catalyzed thiol-ene "click" reactions to achieve postpolymerization crosslinking. Polyurethanes containing varying C=C functionalization are synthesized, solution blended with polythiol crosslinking agents and photoinitiator and subjected to UV irradiation, and the effects of number of synthetic parameters on crosslink density are reported. Thermomechanical properties are highly tunable, including glass transitions tailorable between 30 and 105 °C and rubbery moduli tailorable between 0.4 and 20 MPa. This new SMP system exhibits high toughness for many formulations, especially in the case of low crosslink density materials, for which toughness exceeds 90 MJ m(-3) at select straining temperatures. To demonstrate the advanced processing capability and synthetic versatility of this new SMP system, a laser-actuated SMP microgripper device for minimally invasive delivery of endovascular devices is fabricated, shown to exhibit an average gripping force of 1.43 ± 0.37 N and successfully deployed in an in vitro experimental setup under simulated physiological conditions.
Electrically Conducting Dendrimers (1997)

Generations 1−5 of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were peripherally modified with cationically substituted naphthalene diimides. Reduction with sodium dithionite in water or formamide formed anion radicals on the diimide moieties. Evaporation of water under argon produced powders of the reduced dendrimers that were electrically conductive. Using formamide as solvent, films were cast of reduced generation-3 modified dendrimers. Fully reduced films (1.1 e/diimide) gave conductivities under ambient conditions of about 10-3 S/cm. Films formed from these dendrimers that were half-reduced (0.55 e/diimide) gave σ = 10-2 S/cm. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra on the films showed the formation of π-stacks with maximum absorbance beyond 2000 nm. The wavelength and intensity of this absorbance correlated with the conductivity. The conductivity increased with increased humidity above the films reaching values as high as 18 S/cm at 90% relative humidity. The conductivity was in all cases electronic and isotropic. The conductivity−humidity effect was probed by NIR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. These studies suggest that the amorphous films absorb water from the air and at high humidity they are plasticized, allowing faster stack-to-stack electron hopping and increased conductivity.
Oral administration of Lactococcus chungangensis inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic-like dermatitis in NC/Nga mice (2016)

Interest is increasing in the potentially beneficial role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of atopic diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Lactococcus chungangensis CAU 28(T) against atopic dermatitis using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, human mast cell line HMC-1 cells, and a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis model (NC/Nga mice). The results showed that L. chungangensis CAU 28(T) exhibited potent antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of the proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with L. chungangensis CAU 28(T) reduced the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine in HMC-1 cells stimulated with mast cell activator compound 48/80. In addition, the back skin and ears of NC/Nga mice exhibited reduced histological manifestations of atopic skin lesions such as erosion, hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Oral administration of L. chungangensis CAU 28(T) suppressed the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in skin lesions, indicating that it strongly drives the local immune system with efficacy comparable to that of tacrolimus, a topical immunomodulatory drug used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. The findings indicate that L. chungangensis CAU 28(T) could be a novel probiotic candidate for controlling the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.
<title>Automatic recovery of invisible image watermarks from geometrically distorted images</title> (2000)

One method of attacking an imbedded invisible watermark is to create a derivative image that is geometrically distorted relative to the original. One attack, developed at Cambridge University, is called 'StirMark.' Image-distorting methods modify images so subtly that the changes are essentially unnoticeable to a viewer. However, their effect on invisible watermarks can be devastating, rendering them unextractable. In this paper, an automated countermeasure to image-distorting attacks will be described. Employing an unmarked copy of the original image as a reference, the possible distortion in a suspect image is first detected by the method, then measured, and finally reversed, producing a restored image approximately geometrically aligned with the original. Using a robust invisible watermarking method presented previously by one of the authors to produce a watermarked image, 'StirMark' to distort the watermarked image, and a copy of the original unmarked image for reference, the restoration method is demonstrated to be sufficient by showing successful extraction of the imbedded watermark from a restored image.
Multiple-reference temporal error concealment (2002)

This paper demonstrates the benefits of extending the temporal error concealment process to more than one reference frame. In this context, the paper proposes two multiple-reference temporal concealment techniques. Both techniques are extensions of the single-reference motion field interpolation (MFI) technique. The first technique uses MFI to provide candidate concealments from a number of reference frames. Boundary matching (BM) is then used to select one concealment from this set of candidates. In the second technique, multi-hypothesis compensation is used to combine the candidate concealments. In other words, the concealment in this case is a weighted sum of all candidate concealments. The superior performance of the proposed techniques is demonstrated within a multiple-reference video codec over a range of error rates and frame distances.
Season and Treatment Effects on Serum Prolactin and Milk Yield during Induced Lactation (1979)

Nineteen nonpregnant, nonlactating dairy cows were allotted to three treatments to induce lactation during winter, 1976, or spring, 1977. All groups received 17 beta-estradiol (.1 mg/kg) days 1 to 7. Groups 2 and 3 also received progesterone (.25 mg/kg) days 1 to 7. Groups 1 and 2 were given reserpine (5 mg intramuscular) on days 8, 10, 12, and 14. Group 3 received reserpine (5 mg intramuscular) on days 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. Blood samples were collected for prolactin analysis just prior to and 3 h after reserpine injection. Mean daily temperatures were 11.9 C for spring group and -6.5 C for winter group. Comparisons of spring with winter for basal prolactin concentrations, reserpine-stimulated prolactin concentrations, and 100-day milk yields were 44 with 10 ng/ml, 482 with 199 ng/ml, and 1991 with 862 kg. Differences in prolactin concentrations and milk yields among hormone and reserpine treatments could not be detected, but cows on treatment 3 in the spring gave the largest yield of milk. Prolactin concentrations were correlated with milk yields among cows and among cows within seasons. Seasonal differences demonstrate the critical role of prolactin in the treatment to induce lactation.
Electrochemically Mediated Electrodeposition/Electropolymerization To Yield a Glucose Microbiosensor with Improved Characteristics (2002)

A procedure is described that provides for electrochemically mediated deposition of enzyme and a polymer layer permselective for endogenous electroactive species. Electrodeposition was first employed for the direct immobilization of glucose oxidase to produce a uniform, thin, and compact film on a Pt electrode. Electropolymerization of phenol was then employed to form an anti-interference and protective polyphenol film within the enzyme layer. In addition, a stability-reinforcing membrane derived from (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane was constructed by electrochemically assisted cross-linking. This hybrid film outside the enzyme layer contributed to the improved stability and permselectivity. The resulting glucose sensor was characterized by a short response time (<4 s), high sensitivity (1200 nA/mM·cm2), low interference from endogenous electroactive species, and working lifetime of more than 50 days.
Micromachined 2-D array piezoelectrically actuated flextensional transducers (2002)

This paper presents micromachined two dimensional array flextensional transducers that can be used to generate sound in air or water. Individual array elements consist of a thin piezoelectric ring and a thin, fully supported, circular membrane. We report an an optimum design for an individual array element based on finite element modelling (FEM). We manufacture the transducer in two dimensional arrays using planar silicon micromachining. Such an array could be combined with an on-board driving and an addressing circuitry.
Internal Initiation Stimulates Production of p8 Minicore, a Member of a Newly Discovered Family of Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Isoforms (2009)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) core gene is more conserved at the nucleic acid level than is necessary to preserve the sequence of the core protein, suggesting that it contains information for additional functions. We used a battery of anticore antibodies to test the hypothesis that the core gene directs the synthesis of core protein isoforms. Infectious viruses, replicons, and RNA transcripts expressed a p8 minicore containing the C-terminal portion of the p21 core protein and lacking the N-terminal portion. An interferon resistance mutation, U271A, which creates an AUG at codon 91, upregulated p8 expression in Con1 replicons, suggesting that p8 is produced by an internal initiation event and that 91-AUG is the preferred, but not the required, initiation codon. Synthesis of p8 was independent of p21, as shown by the abundant production of p8 from transcripts containing an UAG stop codon that blocked p21 production. Three infectious viruses, JFH-1 (2a core), J6/JFH (2a core), and H77/JFH (1a core), and a bicistronic construct, Bi-H77/JFH, all expressed both p8 and larger isoforms. The family of minicores ranges in size from 8 to 14 kDa. All lack the N-terminal portion of the p21 core. In conclusion, the core gene contains an internal signal that stimulates the initiation of protein synthesis at or near codon 91, leading to the production of p8. Infectious viruses of both genotype 1 and 2 HCV express a family of larger isoforms, in addition to p8. Minicores lack significant portions of the RNA binding domain of p21 core. Studies are under way to determine their functions.