gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cationic Phospholipids Forming Cubic Phases: Lipoplex Structure and Transfection Efficiency (2008)

The transfection activity and the phase behavior of two novel cationic O-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines, 1,2-dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-hexylphosphocholine (C6-DOPC) and 1,2-dierucoyl- sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (di22:1-EPC), have been examined with the aim of more completely understanding the mechanism of lipid-mediated DNA delivery. Both lipids form cubic phases: C6-DOPC in the entire temperature range from -10 to 90 degrees C, while di22:1-EPC exhibits an irreversible lamellar-cubic transition between 50 and 70 degrees C on heating. The lipoplexes formed by C6-DOPC arrange into hexagonal phase, while the lipoplexes of di22:1-EPC are lamellar. Both lipids exhibit lower transfection activity than the lamellar-forming 1,2-dioleoyl- sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EDOPC). Thus, for the studied cationic phospholipid-DNA systems, the lipoplex phase state is a factor that does not seem to correlate with transfection activity. The parameter that exhibits better correlation with the transfection activity within the present data set is the phase state of the lipid dispersion prior to the addition of DNA. Thus, the lamellar lipid dispersion (EDOPC) produces more efficient lipoplexes than the dispersion with coexisting lamellar and cubic aggregates (diC22:1-EPC), which is even more efficient than the purely cubic dispersions (C6-DOPC; diC22:1-EPC after heating). It could be inferred from these data and from previous research that cubic phase lipid aggregates are unlikely to be beneficial to transfection. The lack of correlation between the phase state of lipoplexes and their transfection activity observed within the present data set does not mean that lipid phase state is generally unimportant for lipofection: a viewpoint now emerging from our previous studies is that the critical factor in lipid-mediated transfection is the structural evolution of lipoplexes within the cell, upon interacting and mixing with cellular lipids.
Intra- and Inter-Session Network Coding in Wireless Networks (2010)

In this paper, we are interested in improving the performance of constructive network coding schemes in lossy wireless environments.We propose I2NC - a cross-layer approach that combines inter-session and intra-session network coding and has two strengths. First, the error-correcting capabilities of intra-session network coding make our scheme resilient to loss. Second, redundancy allows intermediate nodes to operate without knowledge of the decoding buffers of their neighbors. Based only on the knowledge of the loss rates on the direct and overhearing links, intermediate nodes can make decisions for both intra-session (i.e., how much redundancy to add in each flow) and inter-session (i.e., what percentage of flows to code together) coding. Our approach is grounded on a network utility maximization (NUM) formulation of the problem. We propose two practical schemes, I2NC-state and I2NC-stateless, which mimic the structure of the NUM optimal solution. We also address the interaction of our approach with the transport layer. We demonstrate the benefits of our schemes through simulations.
Towards ferro-microfluidics for effective and rapid cellular manipulation and sorting (2008)

We present a rapid and completely label-free cellular manipulation and separation scheme that employs biocompatible, water-based ferrofluids within microfluidic devices. Application of localized magnetic fields through integrated electrodes exerts strong magnetic forces on any micro- particle that forms a magnetic void within the ferrofluid medium in a channel. The magnetic force on each micro-particle depends sensitively on its size (tens of pN for 2 mum diameter) and is an order of magnitude larger than what can be achieved by traditional methods, such as optical tweezers and dielectrophoresis. As such, cellular manipulation and hundreds of microns of separation can easily be accomplished within ferro- microfluidic devices on a time scale of a few seconds, even under low and moderate current values.
A recombinant peptide antigen line immunoassay optimized for the confirmation of Chagas' disease (1999)

The INNO-LIA Chagas Ab assay may become the first commercial assay to reliably confirm the presence of antibodies to T. cruzi.
An efficient binary image activity detector based on connected components (2004)

Activity detection on binary images can be a useful part of image processing for detecting noise, texture, printed text, or dithering. We present an image activity detector based on computing a density of selected connected components (CCs). Connectedness is a useful property because it is present in individual printed letters, lines, and edges. In contrast, salt-and-pepper noise and dithering are typically composed of a large number of disconnected patterns. By filtering the CCs based on size, we can measure different kinds of activities, and segment or filter the image accordingly. The activity detector is extremely efficient and can be run in a fraction of the time it takes to compute a run-length encoding version of the image. As an example, we built a noise removal filter based on the density of CCs, which is both faster and better than a conventional median filter.
Design of the CO2 Removal Section for PSA Tail Gas Treatment in a Hydrogen Production Plant (2020)

CO2 Capture, Storage and, recently, Utilization (CCSU) is considered effective for achieving the target of 2°C established to reduce the gradual increase in global warming. In the literature, most of research has focused on the removal of carbon dioxide from power plants, particularly those fed by coal, which account for higher amounts of CO2 emissions if compared to those fed by natural gas. CCSU in other non-power sectors is still not fully considered, while its importance in mitigating the environmental impact of industrial activities is equivalent to the one of power plants. In the field of hydrogen production, treatment of gaseous streams to remove carbon dioxide is performed for producing a stream of almost pure H2 starting from syngas and for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions, so that CO2 removal units can be part of different sections of the plant. In this work, a state-of-the-art Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) plant for production of 100 000 Nm3/h of hydrogen has been considered. Hydrogen is produced from syngas by employing the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology and the exiting tail gas is fed to the burners of the SMR unit, after removal of carbon dioxide. This work focuses on the design of the units for the treatment of the PSA tail gas by employing an aqueous solution of MethylDiEthanolAmine (MDEA). Simulations have been performed with the commercial process simulator ASPEN Plus®, customized by the GASP group of Politecnico di Milano for best representing both the thermodynamics of the system and the mass transfer with reaction. For the scheme composed of the absorber and the regenerator, several column configurations have been considered and the optimal solution, which minimizes the operating costs of the plant, has been selected.
Growth of human breast cancers in <i>Peromyscus</i> (2018)

Modeling breast cancer in general and hormone-sensitive breast cancer, in particular in mice, has several limitations. These are related to the inbred nature of laboratory mice, and do not allow adequate appreciation of the contribution of the host's genetic heterogeneity in tumor growth. In addition, the naturally low estrogen levels of mice makes estradiol supplementation obligatory for tumor growth. Here, we show that <i>Peromyscus californicus</i>, following cyclosporine-mediated immunosuppression, supports the growth of both MDA-MB-231 estrogen-independent and MCF7 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers without exogenous estradiol supplementation. Tumor growth was inhibited by fulvestrant or letrozole, confirming that MCF7 xenografts remain hormone dependent <i>in vivo</i> and suggesting that <i>P. californicus</i> can be used as an alternative to conventional mice for the study of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. The fact that <i>Peromyscus</i> stocks are outbred also facilitates the study of breast cancer in genetically heterogenous populations.
Reelin Depletion Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Vascular Adhesion of Leukocytes (2021)

[Figure: see text].
A New Class of High Temperature and Corrosion Resistant Nickel‐Based Open‐Cell Foams (2008)

Abstract A number of nickel‐based and iron‐based alloys have been successfully developed for applications at high service temperatures and in corrosive environments. Applications such as diesel particulate filters, heat exchangers, and catalyst supports require open‐cell porous structures with tailored and uniform material and structural properties, a requirement which can be met by high temperature and corrosion resistant metallic alloy foams prepared with compositions similar to those mentioned above. A new technology that transforms pure nickel foam into an alloy foam, and which has now reached the pilot plant production stage, will be introduced. This technique starts from commercially‐available nickel foam, which is uniformly coated with a pre‐alloyed powder using standard powder metallurgical methods, and subsequently transformed into the desired alloy throughout the strut cross‐section in a relatively short time with a carefully controlled heat treatment that utilizes transient liquid‐phase sintering. This process allows for the preparation of a wide variety of foam compositions and structural features, which is important for tailoring material properties to a specific application.
Vapor Phase Self-Assembly of Molecular Gate Dielectrics for Thin Film Transistors (2008)

Organic-inorganic films grown entirely via a vapor-phase deposition process and composed of highly polarizable molecular structures are investigated as gate dielectrics in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Molecules 1 and 2 form self-ordered thin films via hydrogen bonding, and these organic-inorganic structures exhibit large capacitances and large pentacene OFET mobilities.
The role of MoS<sub>2</sub>nano-slabs in the protection of solid cracking catalysts for the total conversion of heavy oils to good quality distillates (2012)

The total conversion of the oil barrel to good quality fuels and distillates has been an overriding goal in the oil refinery industry. Today, it is even more important to improve the effective use of the energy fossil reserves. The actual technologies still produce variable amounts of low quality fractions (e.g. fuel oil, bunker oil) or by-products (e.g. coke). The evolution of the slurry hydrocracking technology can open the way to achieve the objective. This technology was originally developed in Germany in the first half of the last century and reconsidered by several research groups in the past decades. The catalyst used in the slurry process is still constituted by the same materials developed by German scientists in the last century, i.e. bulk, crystalline, nano-sized iron, molybdenum or tungsten sulfide. We have demonstrated now that it is possible to improve the catalytic performances by combining the excellent hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization and hydrodemetallation properties of dispersed MoS2 catalyst with those of a conventional cracking catalyst. This dual catalyst system demonstrates for the first time the ability of dispersed MoS2 particles to protect the cracking catalyst against rapid decay due to coke accumulation and metal poisoning.
The Use of Prostacyclin Analogue-Containing Suture for the Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thrombosis in the Rat (1986)

The ability of prostacyclin analogue incorporated into a controlled-release suture to prevent postoperative venous thrombosis was investigated. Thirteen rats underwent bilateral transection and anastomosis of the common femoral vein. In each animal, polycaprolactone suture containing 0.25 micrograms/cm of the prostacyclin analogue Iloprost (Schering Ag, Berlin, West Germany) was used to perform the anastomosis on one vessel. Similar suture without prostacyclin analogue was used on the contralateral vessel, which served as a control. Functional patency and luminal surface morphology were assessed 24 hours postoperatively. All anastomoses performed using suture containing prostacyclin analogue were patent. Among controls, five anastomoses were patent and eight were occluded. This difference was highly significant (p less than 0.005). All anastomoses performed with prostacyclin analogue-containing suture exhibited a uniform absence of thrombosis. In contrast, eight control veins exhibited a dense, well-organized fibrinous clot that filled the entire lumen, effectively sealing off the vessel. These results suggest that the prostacyclin analogue released from the suture was highly effective in inhibiting thrombus formation without adversely affecting the vessel's ability to achieve hemostasis.
Optimization of fundamental frequency modulation for cascaded multilevel inverter based transformer-less UPFC (2014)

This paper proposes an optimized fundamental frequency modulation (FFM) for cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) based transformer-less unified power flow controller (UPFC). Compared to traditional FFM techniques, the proposed method features superior power sharing between H-bridge modules, thereby leading to better equalization of dc capacitor currents and voltage ripples. It also retains all the advantages of the traditional FFM such as low total harmonic distortion (THD) of output voltage and high efficiency. The proposed method is developed for a 2 MVA transformer-less UPFC system, nevertheless, it also can be applied to other applications such as CMI based static synchronous compensators (STATCOM), static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and motor drives.
Characterization of two mutations in the SPTLC1 subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (2011)

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I (HSAN-I) is an axonal peripheral neuropathy leading to progressive distal sensory loss and severe ulcerations. Mutations in SPTLC1 and SPTLC2, encoding the two subunits of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the enzyme catalyzing the first and rate-limiting step in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids, have been reported to cause HSAN-I. Here, we demonstrate that the SPTLC1 mutations p.S331F and p.A352V result in a reduction of SPT activity in vitro and are associated with increased levels of the deoxysphingoid bases 1-deoxy-sphinganine and 1-deoxymethyl-sphinganine in patients' plasma samples. Stably expressing p.S331F-SPTLC1 HEK293T cell lines likewise show accumulation of deoxysphingoid bases, but this accumulation is not observed in HEK293T cells overexpressing p.A352V-SPTLC1. These results confirm that the increased formation of deoxysphingoid bases is a key feature for HSAN-I as it is associated with all pathogenic SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 mutations reported so far, but also warrant for caution in the interpretation of in vitro data.
Compressive sensing based NBI mitigation in UWB systems in the presence of multiuser interference (2016)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radios are expected to be the next generation of the transmission systems that can support high data rate and power-constrained applications. Since the UWB signals have wide bandwidth, two problems arise, namely the high speed analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) required at the receiver side and the coexistence with other narrowband interference (NBI) systems that share the same part of the spectrum. The two problems can be addressed using compressive sensing (CS) based on the fact that narrowband signals have sparse representation in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. It becomes more complicated when multiuser case is considered. For training based NBI mitigation with CS, three groups of pilot symbols are used to estimate the NBI signal subspace, the UWB signal subspace and to provide information about the channel. This work aims to evaluate the system performance in the presence of multiuser interference in addition to the NBI. The paper extends the derivations to include the effect of the multiuser interference together with the NBI and the additive white Gaussian noise. Direct sequence combined with time hopping coding is applied for the multiple access technique. Simulation illustrates that as more users being active the performance of the system degrades. Additionally, when the number of the secondary users increases, the multiuser becomes the most dominant factor that affects the system performance irrespective of the NBI.
mwAmTroN AND PROPERTSES OF mrmrumw mmrm CARBONITRIDE SUPERCONDUCTOR (1975)

The preparation and characterizatio n of a multifilament niobium carbonitride yarn is reported here for the first time. The fine diameter multifilament yarn was prepared by chemical conversion of a precursor carbon yarn. The fibers are generally composed of both NbC and NbCN phases and exhibit a Tc of 16-17.5'K and an G2 of 110
Study of Near-Field Optical Disk Recording on Styryl Dye (2005)

A new type of near-field optical disk with naostructured ZnOx thin film as near-field active layer and a styryl dye thin film as its recording layer is studied. Recording marks beyond diffraction limits are demonstrated.
Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (1999)

Summary Principal component analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous technique for data analysis and processing, but one which is not based on a probability model. We demonstrate how the principal axes of a set of observed data vectors may be determined through maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in a latent variable model that is closely related to factor analysis. We consider the properties of the associated likelihood function, giving an EM algorithm for estimating the principal subspace iteratively, and discuss, with illustrative examples, the advantages conveyed by this probabilistic approach to PCA.
Self-Tuning for SQL Performance in Oracle Database 11g (2009)

Commercial database customers across the board list SQL performance tuning as one of the most time-consuming tasks for database administrators (DBAs). The 10g Oracle Database provides a feature called the SQL Tuning Advisor to simplify the task. The 11g release adds a new database feature, called Automatic SQL Tuning, that closes the feedback loop for the first time, fully automating the SQL tuning workflow and solving some SQL performance problems without any DBA intervention.
Efficient delivery of RNA interference oligonucleotides to polarized airway epithelia in vitro (2013)

Polarized and pseudostratified primary airway epithelia present barriers that significantly reduce their transfection efficiency and the efficacy of RNA interference oligonucleotides. This creates an impediment in studies of the airway epithelium, diminishing the utility of loss-of-function as a research tool. Here we outline methods to introduce RNAi oligonucleotides into primary human and porcine airway epithelia grown at an air-liquid interface and difficult-to-transfect transformed epithelial cell lines grown on plastic. At the time of plating, we reverse transfect small-interfering RNA (siRNA), Dicer-substrate siRNA, or microRNA oligonucleotides into cells by use of lipid or peptide transfection reagents. Using this approach we achieve significant knockdown in vitro of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, IL-8, and CFTR expression at the mRNA and protein levels in 1-3 days. We also attain significant reduction of secreted IL-8 in polarized primary pig airway epithelia 3 days posttransfection and inhibition of CFTR-mediated Cl⁻ conductance in polarized air-liquid interface cultures of human airway epithelia 2 wk posttransfection. These results highlight an efficient means to deliver RNA interference reagents to airway epithelial cells and achieve significant knockdown of target gene expression and function. The ability to reliably conduct loss-of-function assays in polarized primary airway epithelia offers benefits to research in studies of epithelial cell homeostasis, candidate gene function, gene-based therapeutics, microRNA biology, and targeting the replication of respiratory viruses.
Dose relationship between GnRH antagonists and pituitary suppression (1996)

While the clinical significance of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists is well recognized, the potential use of GnRH antagonists in humans awaits the availability of potent analogues with no untoward side-effects. We have designed, synthesized and tested several hundred linear and cyclic analogues (agonists and antagonists) of GnRH in different rat models; some have high histamine releasing activity and others have poor solubility in aqueous buffers with a pH > 6.0. Furthermore, we have identified analogues exhibiting short (< 12 h), intermediate (12-72 h) and long (> 72 h) duration of action in the rat (50 micrograms s.c. dose/rat). We have concluded that the basis for such resistance to degradation and elimination must be specific. In order to gain further information on the optimal nature and sterical requirements of side-chains, preliminary experiments were carried out using betidamino acids. Finally, mono- and dicyclic analogues of GnRH with potencies comparable with that of the most potent linear analogues were also obtained. Our approach to the development of such analogues included the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and computational techniques as well as that of state-of-the-art synthetic approaches. We intend to use the information derived from these structure/activity relationship studies to design conformationally-similar peptido-mimetics.
Subframe burst gating for Raman spectroscopy in combustion (2010)

We describe an architecture for spontaneous Raman scattering utilizing a frame-transfer CCD sensor operating in a subframe burst-gating mode to realize time-resolved combustion diagnostics. The technique permits all-electronic optical gating with microsecond shutter speeds (<5 micros) without compromising optical throughput or image fidelity. When used in conjunction with a pair of orthogonally polarized excitation lasers, the technique measures single-shot vibrational Raman scattering that is minimally contaminated by problematic optical background noise.
Molecular identification by generating coherence between molecular normal modes using stimulated Raman scattering (2009)

We propose a method of driving the vibrations of normal modes of a target molecule into coherence using stimulated Raman scattering. In concert many vibrations can produce a larger anti-Stokes signal than a single vibration. The same illumination does not drive other molecules to have coherent vibrations so that these molecules produce a weaker signal. We investigate how target and confounder molecules can be distinguished by pulses that drive many vibrations coherently, which has applications in coherent Raman microspectroscopy.
Tryptophan replacement in the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor ligand Ac‐RYYRWK‐NH<sub>2</sub> (2005)

In the present study we describe the in vitro pharmacological characterization of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor (NOP) ligand Ac-RYYRWK-NH2 and the synthesis and biological evaluation of 13 Trp5 substituted Ac-RYYRWK-NH2 analogs. Results indicate that Ac-RYYRWK-NH2 behaves as a highly potent and selective partial agonist at the NOP receptors and that the whole indole moiety of the Trp5 side chain is not required, being a phenyl-ethyl side chain already sufficient for maintaining high potency.