gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underwater low frequency subwoofer systems (2023)

Experiments with a gas-filled adiabatic bubble resonator of large diameter have shown that it is an efficient emitter of low-frequency seismic waves. The resonator has a single resonant frequency with a narrow bandwidth. The internal acoustic resonant structure changes the frequency response of the entire source and makes it possible to expand its bandwidth. An internal Helmholtz resonator converts the system into a double resonant system with a wide bandwidth. The bass-reflex resonator separates the pressure in front and behind the speaker cone, and the speaker works as an internal monopole driver. Any other known loudspeaker enclosure design can be used to create the desired multi-pole frequency response. A specific of the underwater enclosure is that it is loaded into the inner chamber of the bubble resonator. The bubble resonator works as an efficient impedance converter, matching the impedance of the internal resonant system to the water radiation impedance. Examples of various systems and the results of their tests in water are considered. Experiments have shown that a gas-filled underwater bubble covered with an elastic membrane and driven by an audio subwoofer can achieve source levels of 180–185 dB re 1 μPa@1 m over a wide frequency band.
Robust Sensing of DVB-T Signals (2010)

Following the recent Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) decision to allow unlicensed use of the television white spaces (TVWS) in the US on a secondary basis, other regulatory agencies such as Office of communications (Ofcom) will follow suit as well. Since the incumbent television signals in UK, Europe and many other countries follow the DVB-T standard, there is a need for sensing algorithms that are capable of detecting these signals at very low levels (-114 dBm). In this paper we describe sensing algorithms for extremely robust sensing of DVB-T signals. We present simulation results as well as results from the lab and field tests using real over-the-air signals to verify the algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Microstructural Characterization of High‐Thermal‐Conductivity Aluminum Nitride Ceramics. (1988)

Abstract The effect of several additives such as CaC 2 , CaO, Y 2 O 3 , and C on the thermal conductivity of hot‐pressed AlN ceramics is studied.
Transverse writing of three-dimensional tubular optical waveguides in glass with slit-shaped femtosecond laser beams (2016)

We report on fabrication of tubular optical waveguides buried in ZBLAN glass based on transverse femtosecond laser direct writing. Irradiation in ZBLAN with focused femtosecond laser pulses leads to decrease of refractive index in the modified region. Tubular optical waveguides of variable mode areas are fabricated by forming the four sides of the cladding with slit-shaped femtosecond laser pulses, ensuring single mode waveguiding with a mode field dimension as small as ~ 4 μm.
Phase conjugation and pulse compression of high energy lasers: From nanoseconds to microseconds (1993)

The purpose of this article is to review current understanding of lithia-based glass-ceramics and to identify future research needs for this class of dental materials in relation to novel compositions and fabrication methods. With rapid advances in material development and digital technology, time efficiency of dental workflow and fit accuracy of ceramic restorations are ever improving. Lithia-based glass-ceramics are at the forefront of this advance-new variants with more efficient fabrication routes are continually being introduced into the marketplace. Base glass composition, crystallization heat treatment, nucleant and coloration additives, and property gradation are some pertinent variables. The trend in fabrication is to move from CAD/CAM grinding of partially crystallized glass-ceramics to fully crystallized materials, thereby circumventing the need for postmachining firing altogether. In these endeavors, a better understanding of mechanical properties and evolving shaping technologies, such as ductile grinding, is paramount. Additive manufacturing and 3-dimensional printing methodologies offer a promising alternative to current CAD/CAM subtractive manufacturing routes. Challenges to the implementation of new technologies in efficient development and production of high-quality dental glass-ceramic prostheses are addressed.
A Cryptographic System Based upon the Principles of Gene Expression (2017)

Processes of gene expression such as regulation of transcription by the general transcription complex can be used to create hard cryptographic protocols which should not be breakable by common cipherattack methodologies. The eukaryotic processes of gene expression permit expansion of DNA cryptography into complex networks of transcriptional and translational coding interactions. I describe a method of coding messages into genes and their regulatory sequences, transcription products, regulatory protein complexes, transcription proteins, translation proteins and other required sequences. These codes then serve as the basis for a cryptographic model based on the processes of gene expression. The protocol provides a hierarchal structure that extends from the initial coding of a message into a DNA code (ciphergene), through transcription and ultimately translation into a protein code (cipherprotein). The security is based upon unique knowledge of the DNA coding process, all of the regulatory codes required for expression, and their interactions. This results in a set of cryptographic protocols that is capable of securing data at rest, data in motion and providing an evolvable form of security between two or more parties. The conclusion is that implementation of these protocols will enhance security and substantially burden cyberattackers to develop new forms of countermeasures.
Modified logistic regression algorithm for accurate determination of heart beats from noisy passive RFID tag data (2016)

Passive RFID tags provide a promising way to create wireless and battery-free heart rate monitors. However, the reliability of these tags is limited in the presence of common noise sources in their environment. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the beat detection for RFID based heart rate monitors in noisy environments. To achieve this, a logistic regression model is first employed to determine data points that have a very high probability of being actual heart beats. These data points are then used as features to remove the ambiguity in detection of other heart beats. The algorithm is trained using features from a single heart rate measurement and the obtained parameters are used for determining various other heart rates. Using our algorithm, we achieve an F1-score of 0.98 for correct heart beat detection, and completely eliminate an error of over 75% in mean heart rate calculation.
Ceftibuten: Development of a Commercial Process Based on Cephalosporin C. Part IV. Pilot-Plant Scale Electrochemical Reduction of 3-Acetoxymethyl-7(<i>R</i>)-glutaroylaminoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic Acid 1(<i>S</i>)-Oxide (2002)

This contribution describes the operation of a pilot plant for the production of 3-exomethylene-7(R)-glutaroylaminocepham-4-carboxylic acid 1(S)-oxide (4a) by the electrochemical reduction of 3-acetoxymethyl-7(R)-glutaroylaminoceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid 1(S)-oxide (3a). This conversion is a key step in a new process for the production of Ceftibuten (1). The scale-up of the electrochemical reduction was demonstrated using a commercial flow-cell. The use of a novel type of extended-area tin cathode, which had been shown on a laboratory scale to produce significant improvements in the process, was successfully implemented in an ICI FM21-SP commercial-scale electrochemical reactor.
Synthesis of l,2-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acids and homologous pyridine and azepine analogues thereof (1982)

Several syntheses of the previously unknown 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid and various 5- and 6-substituted derivatives thereof have been devised. Some of these processes have been extended to the heretofore unreported 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylic acid and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine-9-carboxylic acid derivatives.Two new processes were developed for the conversion of pyrroles into the corresponding pyrrol-2-acetic acid esters. Both processes were based on the use of the readily available ethoxalylpyrrole derivatives as the starting material. One sequence involved saponification of the α-keto ester, followed by Wolff–Kishner reduction of the crude α-keto acid salt and subsequent esterification of the acetic acid derivative thus produced. The second synthesis commenced with reduction of the 2-ethoxalpyrrole with sodium borohydride to the α-hydroxy ester, which was further reduced to the acetic acid ester with an equimolar mixture of triphenylphosphine and triphenylphosphine diiodide.
59.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Electrophoretic Display Platform Comprising B, W, R Particles (2014)

Abstract The world's first mass production three‐particle electrophoretic display has been launched. E Ink Spectra TM displays utilize black, white and red engineered particles in a colorless solvent to achieve red plus black/white independent optical states without a color filter array. The three types of particles have different properties and are well controlled so they respond differently to various electric fields. The Spectra electrophoretic ink is filled and then sealed in a thin film Microcup® structure using a roll to roll process and the output imaging film can be easily cut to any shape and size and then laminated to TFT or segmented backplanes to form display modules.
Engineering the Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase Enzyme for Increased Catalytic Efficiency and Broadened Stereospecificity on Russian VX (2015)

The enzyme organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA), from Alteromonas sp. JD6.5, has been shown to rapidly catalyze the hydrolysis of a number of toxic organophosphorus compounds, including several G-type chemical nerve agents. The enzyme was cloned into Escherichia coli and can be produced up to approximately 50% of cellular protein. There have been no previous reports of OPAA activity on VR {Russian VX, O-isobutyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate}, and our studies reported here show that wild-type OPAA has poor catalytic efficacy toward VR. However, via application of a structurally aided protein engineering approach, significant improvements in catalytic efficiency were realized via optimization of the small pocket within the OPAA's substrate-binding site. This optimization involved alterations at only three amino acid sites resulting in a 30-fold increase in catalytic efficiency toward racemic VR, with a strong stereospecificity toward the P(+) enantiomer. X-ray structures of this mutant as well as one of its predecessors provide potential structural rationales for their effect on the OPAA active site. Additionally, a fourth mutation at a site near the small pocket was found to relax the stereospecificity of the OPAA enzyme. Thus, it allows the altered enzyme to effectively process both VR enantiomers and should be a useful genetic background in which to seek further improvements in OPAA VR activity.
GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor ε and θ Subunits Display Unusual Structural Variation between Species and Are Enriched in the Rat Locus Ceruleus (2000)

Previously, GABA(A) receptor epsilon and theta subunits have been identified only in human. Here, we describe properties of the epsilon and theta subunit genes from mouse and rat that reveal an unusually high level of divergence from their human homologs. In addition to a low level of amino acid sequence conservation ( approximately 70%), the rodent epsilon subunit cDNAs encode a unique Pro/Glx motif of approximately 400 residues within the N-terminal extracellular domain of the subunits. Transcripts of the rat epsilon subunit were detected in brain and heart, whereas the mouse theta subunit mRNA was detectable in brain, lung, and spleen by Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization revealed a particularly strong signal for both subunit mRNAs in rat locus ceruleus in which expression was detectable from the first postnatal day. Lower levels of coexpression were also detected in other brainstem nuclei and in the hypothalamus. However, the expression pattern of theta subunit mRNA was more widespread than that of epsilon subunit, being found also in the cerebral cortex of rat pups. In contrast to primate brain, neither subunit was expressed in the hippocampus or substantia nigra. The results indicate that GABA(A) receptor epsilon and theta subunits are evolving at a much faster rate than other known GABA(A) receptor subunits and that their expression patterns and functional properties may differ significantly between species.
High-performance dense MgB<sub>2</sub>superconducting wire fabricated from mechanically milled powder (2017)

Owing to the relatively high critical temperature and the low manufacturing cost, MgB2 superconducting wires are promising for liquid helium-free superconducting applications. Today, commercially available MgB2 wires are manufactured by either an in situ or ex situ powder-in-tube process, the in situ process being more effective to obtain high critical current density. In in situ-processed wires, however, the critical current density is seriously suppressed by the high porosity of MgB2 filaments. To resolve this problem, we propose an innovative method of using precursor powder prepared by mechanical milling of magnesium, boron, and coronene powders. This precursor powder has a metal–matrix–composite structure, in which boron particles are dispersed in a magnesium matrix. The plastic deformation of the precursor powder through wire processing leads to compact packing, and a dense MgB2 filament is generated after heat treatment. As a result, the limitation of critical current density that occurs for the typical in situ process is overcome, and the practical critical current density of 103 A mm−2 is obtained at 10 K and 6.1 T, at 15 K and 4.8 T, and at 20 K and 3.3 T.
Optimistic concurrency control by melding trees (2011)

This paper describes a new optimistic concurrency control algorithm for tree-structured data called meld. Each transaction executes on a snapshot of a multiversion database and logs a record with its intended updates. Meld processes log records in log order on a cached partial-copy of the last committed state to determine whether each transaction commits. If so, it merges the transaction's updates into that state. Meld is used in the Hyder transaction system and enables Hyder to scale out without partitioning. Since meld is on the critical path of transaction execution, it must be very fast. The paper describes the meld algorithm in detail and reports on an evaluation of an implementation. It can perform over 400K update transactions per second for transactions with two operations, and 130K for transactions with eight operations.
Inhibition of Hepatitis C IRES‐Mediated Gene Expression by Small Hairpin RNAs in Human Hepatocytes and Mice (2006)

The ability of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to inhibit hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site (HCV IRES)-dependent gene expression was investigated in cultured cells and a mouse model. The results indicate that shRNAs, delivered as naked RNA or expressed from vectors, may be effective agents for the control of HCV and related viruses.
Randomized Spatial Multiplexing for Distributed Cooperative Communications (2009)

In this paper, we design a simple and robust cooperation scheme that allows multiple relay stations, with only one antenna each, multiplex transmissions to a BS with multiple antennas. The data transmission is over two hops, where the source first sends information to relaying nodes. In the second hop, the data packet is split into multiple parallel streams in a deterministic manner. Each participating relaying node transmits a random and independent linear combination of the signal streams that would have been transmitted by all the elements of a multi-antenna system. This random processing eliminates the need to index and allocate a code for each participating relay, and thus makes the system more efficient and robust. We use the information-theoretic capacity as an upper bound for what can be achieved using this scheme. Since this scheme can achieve higher spatial multiplexing gain for the relay-destination link, it greatly improves the effective data rate for stations at the edge of the cell. This scheme requires multiple antennas at the receiver and is therefore more suitable for uplink transmission in wireless LANs and cellular networks.
Corrected Article: “Experimental observation of nonspherically-decaying radiation from a rotating superluminal source” [J. Appl. Phys. 96, 4614 (2004)] (2004)

We describe the experimental implementation of a superluminal (i.e., faster than light in vacuo) polarization current distribution that both oscillates and undergoes centripetal acceleration. Theoretical treatments predict that the radiation emitted by each volume element of the superluminally moving distribution pattern will comprise a Čerenkov-like envelope with two sheets that meet along a cusp. Correspondingly, the emission from the experimental machine is found to be tightly beamed in both the azimuthal and polar directions. The beaming is frequency independent and has a sharply defined and unchanging geometry determined only by the speed and path of the moving distribution pattern, i.e., by the parameters governing the structure of the Čerenkov-like envelopes. In addition, over a restricted range of angles, we detect the presence of cusps in the emitted radiation. These, which are due to the focusing of wave fronts on a propagating space curve, result in the reception, during a short time period, of radiation emitted over a considerably longer period of (retarded) source time. The intensity of the radiation at these angles was observed to decline more slowly with increasing distance from the source than would the emission from a conventional antenna. The angular distribution of the emitted radiation and the properties associated with the cusps are in good quantitative agreement with theoretical models of superluminal sources once the effect of reflections from the earth’s surface are taken into account. In particular, the prediction that the beaming and the slow decay should extend into the far zone has been tested to several hundred Fresnel distances (Rayleigh ranges). The excellent agreement between the theoretical calculations and the data suggests that the apparatus achieves precise and reproducible control of the polarization current and that similar machines could be of general interest for studying and utilizing the novel effects associated with superluminal electrodynamics.
A Role for miR-145 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2012)

miR-145 is dysregulated in mouse models of PAH. Downregulation of miR-145 protects against the development of PAH. In patient samples of heritable PAH and idiopathic PAH, miR-145 is expressed in remodeled vessels and mutations in BMPR2 lead to upregulation of miR-145 in mice and PAH patients. Manipulation of miR-145 may represent a novel strategy in PAH treatment.
Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging (2007)

We have developed a low-cost, safe, and easy to use NIR fluorescence intraoperative imaging system that permits the surgeon to see, in real time, surgical anatomy and invisible NIR fluorescence simultaneously.
Analytical Approach for Study of Transient Performance of Thermoelectric Coolers (2018)

A solid-state thermoelectric device uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux differential between the junctions of two different types of materials. By applying electrical energy, a thermoelectric cooler can transport heat from the cool side of the device to the heat sink. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical tool that can be readily implemented by design engineers in the field of thermoelectric cooler technology. The relatively complicated partial differential equation governing energy transport within the semiconductor elements is reduced to a conventional heat diffusion equation with the aid of a special function and then solved analytically using the integral-transformation technique. The temperature distributions within the semiconductor elements, the Seebeck effect, the thermal conductivity, the cooling load, and the system coefficient of performance for a thermoelectric cooler are determined and analyzed. The transient behavior of a thermoelectric cooler can be used as an optimization tool for various design configurations in meeting specific packaging requirements.
Automatically and Accurately Conflating Satellite Imagery and Maps (2003)

There is a wide variety of geo-spatial data available on the Internet, including a number of data sources that provide satellite imagery and maps of various regions. The National Map, MapQuest, and University of Texas Map Library are good examples of map or satellite imagery repositories. In addition, a wide variety of maps are available from various government agencies, such as property survey maps and maps of oil and natural gas fields. Road vector data covering all of the United States is available from the U.S. Census Bureau. One of the key questions for Geospatial Information Systems researchers is how to accurately and efficiently align imagery, maps and vector data from these various sources. In this paper, we describe our approach to automatically and accurately align satellite imagery with the various online maps that are currently available. The traditional approach to aligning these various geospatial products is to use a technique called conflation [7], which requires identifying a set of control point pairs on the two data sources. The identification of these control points is often performed manually, which is a tedious and time-consuming process that is made even harder by the fact that many of the online sources do not even provide the coordinates of the corner points of the maps. In previous work, we developed an approach to automatically conflating road vector data with satellite imagery [2]. In this paper we describe how we address the even more challenging problem of automatically conflating maps with satellite imagery. Since we build on our previous work, we first review our approach to automatically conflate road vector data with satellite imagery. Then we describe our approach to automatically conflating a map with the satellite imagery by first using the vector data to identify all of the intersections and then utilizing a specialized point matching algorithm to align the two datasets.
Transient Behavior of Lithium Isotope Separation by Displacement Chromatography (1982)

Abstract Lithium isotope concentration profiles at the steady and unsteady states are obtained using the circuit for continuous displacement chromatography, which is composed of 2 cm i.d. columns packed with the strong-acid cation exchange resin, Diaion SK116 (100 μm). These profiles agree well with the results calculated assuming lithium adsorption bands to be square cascades in total reflux operation.
<i>Thermotoga neapolitana</i> Homotetrameric Xylose Isomerase Is Expressed as a Catalytically Active and Thermostable Dimer in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The xylA gene from Thermotoga neapolitana 5068 was expressed in Escherichia coli. Gel filtration chromatography showed that the recombinant enzyme was both a homodimer and a homotetramer, with the dimer being the more abundant form. The purified native enzyme, however, has been shown to be exclusively tetrameric. The two enzyme forms had comparable stabilities when they were thermoinactivated at 95 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed thermal transitions at 99 and 109.5 degrees C for both forms, with an additional shoulder at 91 degrees C for the tetramer. These results suggest that the association of the subunits into the tetrameric form may have little impact on the stability and biocatalytic properties of the enzyme.