gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Targeting of KRAS and AKT by MiR-4689 Is a Novel Treatment Against Mutant KRAS Colorectal Cancer (2015)

KRAS mutations are a major cause of drug resistance to molecular-targeted therapies. Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling may cause dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) and gene regulatory networks, which leads to cancer initiation and progression. To address the functional relevance of miRNAs in mutant KRAS cancers, we transfected exogenous KRAS(G12V) into human embryonic kidney 293 and MRC5 cells with wild-type KRAS and BRAF genes, and we comprehensively profiled the dysregulated miRNAs. The result showed that mature miRNA oligonucleotide (miR)-4689, one of the significantly down-regulated miRNAs in KRAS(G12V) overexpressed cells, was found to exhibit a potent growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effect both in vitro and in vivo. miR-4689 expression was significantly down-regulated in cancer tissues compared to normal mucosa, and it was particularly decreased in mutant KRAS CRC tissues. miR-4689 directly targets v-ki-ras2 kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1(AKT1), key components of two major branches in EGFR pathway, suggesting KRAS overdrives this signaling pathway through inhibition of miR-4689. Overall, this study provided additional evidence that mutant KRAS functions as a broad regulator of the EGFR signaling cascade by inhibiting miR-4689, which negatively regulates both RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. These activities indicated that miR-4689 may be a promising therapeutic agent in mutant KRAS CRC.
A Quantum Circuit Design for Grover’s Algorithm (2002)

We present a circuit design realizing Grover’s algorithm based on 1-bit unitary gates and 2-bit quantum phase gates implementable with cavity QED techniques. In the first step, we express the circuit block which performs a key unitary transformation that flips only the sign of the state |11 · · · 11〉 using 1-bit and 2-bit gates. The Grover’s iteration operator can then be constructed using this key unitary transformation twice, plus other operations involving only 1-bit unitary gates on each qubit. Mathematical proofs are given to justify that the cricuiting satisfies the desired operator properties.
Treating Diet-Induced Diabetes and Obesity with Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Progenitor Cells and Antidiabetic Drugs (2015)

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived pancreatic progenitor cells effectively reverse hyperglycemia in rodent models of type 1 diabetes, but their capacity to treat type 2 diabetes has not been reported. An immunodeficient model of type 2 diabetes was generated by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in SCID-beige mice. Exposure to HFDs did not impact the maturation of macroencapsulated pancreatic progenitor cells into glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells following transplantation, and the cell therapy improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed transplant recipients after 24 weeks. However, since diet-induced hyperglycemia and obesity were not fully ameliorated by transplantation alone, a second cohort of HFD-fed mice was treated with pancreatic progenitor cells combined with one of three antidiabetic drugs. All combination therapies rapidly improved body weight and co-treatment with either sitagliptin or metformin improved hyperglycemia after only 12 weeks. Therefore, a stem cell-based therapy may be effective for treating type 2 diabetes, particularly in combination with antidiabetic drugs.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Trisubstituted 2-Imidazolidones and 2-Imidazolidinethiones (1999)

An efficient method for the solid-phase synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted-2-imidazolidones and 1,3,4-trisubstituted-2-imidazolidinethiones from reduced N-acylated dipeptides is described. The complete reduction of the amide bonds of an N-acylated dipeptide with borane in THF results in two secondary and one tertiary amine. Reaction of the resulting resin-bound polyamine 4 with carbonyldiimidazole or thiocarbonyldiimidazole affords, respectively, cyclic ureas 6 and cyclic thioureas 7 in high yield and purity. Details on the selection of the building blocks and characterization of the controls for the libraries' synthesis will be presented. These procedures have also been used to generate parallel arrays and mixture-based combinatorial libraries of cyclic ureas and thioureas.
Durable antibacterial finish on cotton fabric by using chitosan‐based polymeric core‐shell particles (2006)

Abstract Cotton fabric with excellent antibacterial durability was obtained when treated with chitosan‐containing core‐shell particles without any chemical binders. These amphiphilic nanosized particles with antibacterial chitosan shells covalently grafted onto polymer cores were prepared via a surfactant‐free emulsion copolymerization in aqueous chitosan. Herein, two core‐shell particles, one with poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) soft core and another with crosslinked poly( N ‐isopropylamide) hard core, were synthesized and applied to cotton fabric by a conventional pad‐dry‐cure process. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated quantitatively using a Shake Flask Method in which the reduction of the number of Staphylococcus aureus cells was counted. The results showed that treated fabric had an excellent antibacterial property with bacterial reduction higher than 99%. The antibacterial activity maintained at over 90% reduction level even after 50 times of home laundering. The fabric surface morphology as well as the effect of latex particles with different core flexibilities on fabric hand, air permeability, break tensile strength, and elongation was investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1787–1793, 2006
Compressive Rendering: A Rendering Application of Compressed Sensing (2010)

Recently, there has been growing interest in compressed sensing (CS), the new theory that shows how a small set of linear measurements can be used to reconstruct a signal if it is sparse in a transform domain. Although CS has been applied to many problems in other fields, in computer graphics, it has only been used so far to accelerate the acquisition of light transport. In this paper, we propose a novel application of compressed sensing by using it to accelerate ray-traced rendering in a manner that exploits the sparsity of the final image in the wavelet basis. To do this, we raytrace only a subset of the pixel samples in the spatial domain and use a simple, greedy CS-based algorithm to estimate the wavelet transform of the image during rendering. Since the energy of the image is concentrated more compactly in the wavelet domain, less samples are required for a result of given quality than with conventional spatial-domain rendering. By taking the inverse wavelet transform of the result, we compute an accurate reconstruction of the desired final image. Our results show that our framework can achieve high-quality images with approximately 75 percent of the pixel samples using a nonadaptive sampling scheme. In addition, we also perform better than other algorithms that might be used to fill in the missing pixel data, such as interpolation or inpainting. Furthermore, since the algorithm works in image space, it is completely independent of scene complexity.
Calcium Alginate Bead Immobilization of Cells Containing Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase Activity for Use in the Production of p-Hydroxycinnamic Acid (2007)

An Escherichia coli catalyst with tyrosine ammonia lyase activity (TAL) has been stabilized for repeated use in batch conversions of high tyrosine solids to p-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA). The TAL biocatalyst was stabilized by controlling the reaction pH to 9.8 +/- 0.1 and immobilizing the cells within a calcium alginate matrix that was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and polyethyleneimine (GA/PEI). We found a GA range where the bead-encapsulated TAL was not inactivated, and the resulting cross-linking provided the beads with the mechanical stability necessary for repeated use in consecutive batch reactions with catalyst recycle. The GA/PEI calcium alginate TAL catalyst was used in 41 1-L batch reactions where 50 g L(-1) tyrosine was converted to 39 +/- 4 g L(-1) pHCA in each batch. The practical usefulness and ease of this process was demonstrated by scaling up the TAL bead immobilization and using the immobilized TAL catalyst in four 125-L bioconversion reactions to produce over 12 kg of purified pHCA.
All-optical automatic gain control in loop erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (2000)

All-optical automatic gain control in loop erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is investigated using single Bragg reflecting fiber grating. Reflecting back part of the filtered amplifier spontaneous emission to the loop mirror generates a lasing signal. The lasing wavelength is selected at 1525 nm, which is outside the amplifier bandwidth, to avoid interference between the signal and laser oscillation, and away from the amplifier surveillance wavelength at 1510 nm. This technique avoids tapping part of the amplifier output signal for generating the lasing signal. The loop amplifier has 20 nm flat gain spectrum with peak to peak gain variation less than 0.5 dB. Adjusting the lasing threshold using variable optical attenuator placed before the fiber Bragg grating controls the achieved gain clamping. An input signal consists from 8 channels picked up on the ITU frequency grid in the range from 1540 nm to 1560 nm and two laser diode pumps at 980 nm each with 60 mW pumping power are used in the experiments. The power excursion when adding or dropping any number of the 8 channels with -25 dBm input power per channel is less than 0.3 dB. The transient response time of the surviving channel(s) is measured to less than 200 microsecond(s) .
An external cavity wavelength tunable laser module with asynchronous mode cavity for highly stable lasing operation (2005)

This paper experimentally clarifies the dependence of the lasing mode stability on the two working conditions, namely synchronous mode and asynchronous mode. This study also demonstrates high-performance lasing properties obtained with an external cavity wavelength tunable filter module adopting an asynchronous mode cavity.
Slicing class hierarchies in C++ (1996)

This paper describes an algorithm for slicing class hierarchies in C++ programs. Given a C++ class hierarchy (a collection of C++ classes and inheritance relations among them) and a program P that uses the hierarchy, the algorithm eliminates from the hierarchy those data members, member functions, classes, and inheritance relations that are unnecessary for ensuring that the semantics of P is maintained.Class slicing is especially useful when the program P is generated from a larger program P' by a statement slicing algorithm. Such an algorithm eliminates statements that are irrelevant to a set of slicing criteria---program points of particular interest. There has been considerable previous work on statement slicing, and it will not be the concern of this paper. However, the combination of statement slicing and class slicing for C++ has two principal applications: First, class slicing can enhance statement slicing's utility in program debugging and understanding applications, by eliminating both executable and declarative program components irrelevant to the slicing criteria. Second, the combination of the two slicing algorithms can be used to decrease the space requirements of programs that do not use all the components of a class hierarchy. Such a situation is particularly common in programs that use class libraries.
Development of a Highly Productive and Scalable Plasmid DNA Production Platform (2006)

With the applications of DNA vaccines extending from infectious diseases to cancer, achieving the most efficient, reproducible, robust, scalable, and economical production of clinical grade plasmid DNA is paramount to the medical and commercial success of this novel vaccination paradigm. A first generation production process based on the cultivation of Escherichia coli in a chemically defined medium, employing a fed-batch strategy, delivered reasonable volumetric productivities (500-750 mg/L) and proved to perform very well across a wide range of E. coli constructs upon scale-up at industrial scale. However, the presence of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the formulation of the cultivation and feed solution was found to be a potential cause of process variability. The development of a second generation process, based on a defined cultivation medium and feed solution excluding MSG, was undertaken. Optimization studies, employing a plasmid coding for the HIV gag protein, resulted in cultivation conditions that supported volumetric plasmid titers in excess of 1.2 g/L, while achieving specific yields ranging from 25 to 32 microg plasmid DNA/mg of dry cell weight. When used for the production of clinical supplies, this novel process demonstrated applicability to two other constructs upon scale-up in 2,000-L bioreactors. This second generation process proved to be scalable, robust, and highly productive.
Development of an image restoration technique using the OTF of imaging systems (2014)

We present an image restoration technique, combination of optical technologies and digital image processing technologies. Especially, we show the image restoration technique for images influenced by lens aberration, diffraction, sampling process and many filters.
Deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson's disease: operative experience from a prospective randomised clinical trial (2011)

The perioperative adverse events in this trial of subjects with early stage PD are comparable with those reported for STN-DBS in advanced PD. The active contact position used in early PD is not significantly different from that used in late stage disease. This is the first report of the operative experience from a randomised, surgical versus best medical therapy trial for the early treatment of PD.
5.9 An 18.75µW dynamic-distributing-bias temperature sensor with 0.87°C(3σ) untrimmed inaccuracy and 0.00946mm<sup>2</sup> area (2017)

The temperature sensing of a chip becomes more critical with the increment of the process and circuit complexity. In advanced processes, the heating effect becomes more severe due to the thermal accumulation within the small chip dimension. In order to provide precise and on-chip local thermal sensing, some structures have been demonstrated [1–7]. The paper presents an ultra-low-power, compact and accurate temperature sensor without trimming for the local heat monitors of SOCs. The approach of the dynamic-distributing-bias temperature sensor efficiently reduces the power consumption and chip area simultaneously with accurate digital outputs. The overall area of the circuit is 0.00946mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which shows larger than 2× area reduction compared with the prior art [1–3]. The prototype performs state-of-the-art power consumption of 18.75µW and untrimmed relative 3σ inaccuracy [8] achieving 1.64% among the previous compact temperature sensors with process scales smaller than 40nm [3–7].
Bioelectrochemical Oxidation of Urea with Urease and Platinized Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Water Recycling in Space Applications (2010)

The recovery of potable water from spacecraft wastewater is critical for the life support and environmental health of crew members in long-term missions. NASA estimates that during manned space missions 60 g/person·day of urine is produced, with urea and various salts as its main components. In this research we explore the utilization of urease enzymes (EC 3.5.1.5) to convert urea to nitrogen using a two step process of urease catalyzed decomposition of urea to ammonia followed by the electrochemical decomposition of ammonia to nitrogen. Urease was immobilized on granulated activated carbon to serve as a bio-reaction platform, while platinum was electrodeposited on boron-doped diamond electrodes by cycling the potential to attain active electrodes. Samples from NASA Ames Research Center water recycling equipment, containing urine, were used to test the herein proposed system.
Modified point spread function for efficient high dynamic range LED backlight capable of high uniformity, high contrast, and smooth gradients (2013)

We investigate the effect of new point spread functions (PSFs) on the uniformity and contrast of high dynamic range displays that use local dimming of LEDs to yield a large dynamic range. A PSF shaped like a quadratic B-spline was hypothesized to create a uniform brightness backlight, as well as producing linear and quadratic gradients, while maintaining a very high contrast. We have found a practical optical structure to produce such a PSF, yielding a nonuniformity of only ±0.8%, while enabling a contrast ratio of 5∶1 and 33∶1 over distances of one and two unit cell spacings, respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of polydimethylsiloxane polyurea‐urethanes and related zwitterionomers (1991)

Abstract A series of segmented polyurea urethane and polyurea block copolymers based on a hexane diisocyanate (HDI) modified aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane soft segment was synthesized. The hard segments consisted of 4,4′‐methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) which was chain extended with 1,4‐butanediol (BD), N ‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), or ethylene diamine. Zwitterionomers were prepared by quaternizing the tertiary amine of the MDEA extended material with γ‐propane sultone. The effect of chemical structure on the extent of phase separation and physical properties was studied using a variety of techniques including thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, tensile testing, and small‐angle x‐ray scattering. It was observed that the compatibility between the nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane soft segments and the polar urethane hard segments was improved by inserting HDI linkages into the polydimethylsiloxane soft segments. The aggregation of hard segments was enhanced by increasing hard‐segment content or by the introduction of ionic functionality. The tensile strength and modulus of these materials was higher than those of polyurethanes containing soft segments based on polydimethylsiloxane and its derivatives.
A Crossed Dipole Phased Array Antenna Architecture With Enhanced Polarization and Isolation Characteristics (2020)

A dual-polarized planar phased array antenna with enhanced polarization and isolation characteristics for multifunction applications is presented. A bent crossed dipole is selected as the element of the array antenna. The bend angle is optimized to widen the E-plane active element pattern of the dipole resulting in a pair of matched co-polar patterns. Contrary to common patch array antennas, this design does not require a continuous grounded substrate. This diminishes the surface wave propagation along the ground plane. Efficient techniques, applied to the element design, isolate the two polarizations from each other. Higher than 40 dB port isolation is achieved within the entire frequency range of 2.7-3.0 GHz in principal plane scanning. In order to preserve the symmetry of the array antenna, a mirrored arrangement in both orthogonal directions is applied to the array configuration. This enhances the co- to cross-polarization levels to better than 45 dB in scanning up to ±45° in the principal planes. The proposed phased array antenna with enhanced polarization purity can potentially improve polarimetric performance.
A Study on the Performane Requirement of Precise Digital Map for Road Lane Recognition (2011)

To enable the efficient operation of ITS, it is necessary to collect location data for vehicles on the road. In the case of futuristic transportation systems like ubiquitous transportation and smart highway, a method of data collection that is advanced enough to incorporate road lane recognition is required. To meet this requirement, technology based on radio frequency identification (RFID) has been researched. However, RFID may fail to yield accurate location information during high-speed driving because of the time required for communication between the tag and the reader. Moreover, installing tags across all roads necessarily incurs an enormous cost. One cost-saving alternative currently being researched is to utilize GNSS (global navigation satellite system) carrierbased location information where available. For lane recognition using GNSS, a digital for determining vehicle position by lane is needed in addition to the carrier-based GNSS location data. A precise digital map is a containing the location information of each road lane to enable lane recognition. At present, digital maps are being created for lane recognition experiments by measuring the lanes in the test area. However, such work is being carried out through comparison with vehicle driving information, without definitions being established for detailed performance specifications. Therefore, this study analyzes the performance requirements of a digital capable of lane recognition based on the accuracy of GNSS location information and the accuracy of the digital map. To analyze the performance of the digital map, simulations are carried out. The results show that to have high performance of this system, we need under 0.5m accuracy of the digital map.
Simulation Validation of Phase-Diverse Speckle Imaging (1995)

Astronomers have long known that the resolution in ground-based astronomy is usually limited by aberrations introduced by the atmosphere. Over the years, researchers have developed a variety of clever pre- and post-detection approaches for correcting these effects, each with its own merits and regimes of operation. These approaches include stellar speckle imaging, deconvolution from wavefront sensing, and adaptive optics. We have been investigating a novel data-collection and processing approach for combating the effects of atmospheric seeing called phase-diverse speckle imaging.
Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Current Trends and Future Vistas (1992)

Journal Article Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Current Trends and Future Vistas Get access Jerry W King, Jerry W King U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marvin L Hopper Marvin L Hopper U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Total Diet Research Center, 1009 Cherry St, Kansas City, MO 64106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Volume 75, Issue 3, 1 May 1992, Pages 375–378, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.3.375 Published: 14 January 2020 Article history Received: 09 September 1991 Accepted: 14 October 1991 Published: 14 January 2020
Cyclophanes and Ladderanes: Molecular Targets for Supramolecular Chemists (2004)

We show that principles of supramolecular chemistry applied in the solid state provide a means to conduct target-oriented molecular syntheses. The syntheses are achieved using molecules that function as linear templates. The templates control molecular organization in the solid state by juxtaposing appropriately functionalized olefins for [2+2] photodimerization. We reveal that the linear templates can be used to construct a [2.2]cyclophane and [n]-ladderanes (where as targets.