gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Bcl-2 Family Member Bid in Normal and Malignant Tissues (2002)

Bid is the only known Bcl-2 family member that can function as an agonist of proapoptotic Bcl-2-related proteins such as Bax and Bak. Expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid was assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods in normal murine and human tissues, and in several types of human cancers and tumor cell lines. Bid expression in normal tissues varied widely, with prominent Bid immunostaining occurring in several types of short-lived cells (e.g., germinal center B cells, peripheral blood granulocytes, differentiated keratinocytes) and in apoptosis-sensitive cells (e.g., adult neurons). Analysis of Bid expression by immunostaining of 100 colon, 95 ovarian, and 254 prostate cancers, as well as 59 brain tumors and 50 lymphomas, revealed evidence of altered Bid regulation in some types of cancers. Correlations with clinical outcome data revealed association of higher levels of Bid with longer recurrence-free survival in men with locally advanced (T3 stage) prostate cancer (P=0.04). Immunoblot analysis of Bid protein levels in the NCI's panel of 60 human tumor cell lines revealed a correlation between higher levels of Bid and sensitivity to ribonucleotide reductase (RR)-inhibiting drugs (P<0.0005). Overexpression of Bid in a model tumor cell line by gene transfection resulted in increased sensitivity to apoptosis induction by a RR inhibitor. Taken together, these observations suggest a potential role for Bid in tumor responses to specific chemotherapeutic drugs, and lay a foundation for future investigations of this member of the Bcl-2 family in healthy and diseased tissues.
Assessment of cerebral autoregulation using continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy during squat-stand maneuvers in subjects with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (2018)

Orthostatic lightheadedness in healthy young adults often leads to syncope in severe cases. One suggested underlying mechanism of orthostatic lightheadedness is a drop in transient blood pressure (BP); however, a decrease in BP does not always lead to a drop in cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to cerebral autoregulation (CA). We present a direct assessment method of CA using a multichannel continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) device that measures the temporal changes in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex. Twenty healthy young adults were recruited. During the experiment, continuous beat-to-beat BP and heart rate were simultaneously measured during repetitive squat-stand maneuvers. We introduce a new metric termed 'time-derivative hemodynamic model (DHbT)', which is the time-derivative of total-hemoglobin concentration change that reflects the changes of cerebral blood volume and CBF. Although the absolute levels and the variations of systolic and diastolic BPs and mean arterial pressure showed no significant difference between the two groups, the proposed model showed a distinct difference in slope variation and response time of DHbT between the subjects with frequent symptom of orthostatic intolerance and the healthy control subjects. Thus, these results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using CW-NIRS devices as a CA performance assessment tool.
Misfire Detection Method Robust against Road Noise and Vehicle Body Jolting (2006)

As the automobile emission regulations become stringent, the requirements for engine diagnosis system become severe. Misfire detection is among the engine diagnosis function, which is disturbed by crankshaft vibration, engine acceleration, road noise, vehicle jolting, and so on. In this paper, a misfire detection method which is robust against road noise and vehicle body jolting is proposed. This method uses the ratio of two filters' output to detect the frequency difference between misfire and disturbances. The evaluation of the method on road was reported.
Arc-textured metal surfaces for high thermal emittance space radiators (1988)

Carbon arc electrical discharges struck across the surfaces of metals such as Nb-1% Zr, alter the morphology to produce a high thermal emittance surface. Metal from the surface and carbon from the arc electrode vaporize during arcing, and then condense on the metal surface to produce a microscopically rough surface having a high thermal emittance. Quantitative spectral reflectance measurements from 0.33 to 15 {mu}m were made on metal surfaces which were carbon arc treated in an inert gas environment. The resulting spectral reflectance data were then used to calculate thermal emittance as a function of temperature for various methods of arc treatment. The results of arc treatment on various metals are presented for both ac and dc arcs. Surface characterization data, including thermal emittance as a function of temperature, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic oxygen durability, are also presented. Ac arc texturing was found to increase the thermal emittance at 800 K from 0.05. to 0.70.
Progressive-to-Lossless Compression of Color-Filter-Array Images Using Macropixel Spectral-Spatial Transformation (2012)

We present a low-complexity integer-reversible spectral-spatial transform that allows for efficient loss less and lossy compression of color-filter-array images (also referred to as camera-raw images). The main advantage of this new transform is that it maps the pixel array values into a format that can be directly compressed in a loss less, lossy, or progressive-to-loss less manner by an existing typical image coder such as JPEG 2000 or JPEG XR. Thus, no special codec design is needed for compressing the camera-raw data. Another advantage is that the new transform allows for mild compression of camera-raw data in a near-loss less format, allowing for very high quality offline post-processing, but with camera-raw files that can be half the size of those of existing camera-raw formats.
Diabetic Retinopathy Early Detection Based on OCT and OCTA Feature Fusion (2018)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in adults between 20 and 74 years. It is one of the significant causes of blindness worldwide. It affects the blood vessels in the retina as a complication of diabetes. Early detection of DR could reduce the severity of the disease and help ophthalmologists in treating and investigating it more efficiently. In this paper, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system was developed for the detection of the early signs of DR using both optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. This system was able to segment the blood vessels from OCTA images and twelve retinal layers from OCT images. Then, five different features were extracted from both segmented images. Finally, these features are fed to a support vector machines (SVM) to generate a CAD system for the early detection of DR. Using 2-fold cross-validation, this system achieved an average accuracy of 97%.
Handheld diffuse optical breast scanner probe for cross-sectional imaging of breast tissue (2019)

Diffuse optical spectroscopy is a relatively new, noninvasive and nonionizing technique for breast cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we have introduced a novel handheld diffuse optical breast scan (DOB-Scan) probe to measure optical properties of the breast in vivo and create functional and compositional images of the tissue. In addition, the probe gives more information about breast tissue’s constituents, which helps distinguish a healthy and cancerous tissue. Two symmetrical light sources, each including four different wavelengths, are used to illuminate the breast tissue. A high-resolution linear array detector measures the intensity of the back-scattered photons at different radial destinations from the illumination sources on the surface of the breast tissue, and a unique image reconstruction algorithm is used to create four cross-sectional images for four different wavelengths. Different from fiber optic-based illumination techniques, the proposed method in this paper integrates multi-wavelength light-emitting diodes to act as pencil beam sources into a scattering medium like breast tissue. This unique design and its compact structure reduce the complexity, size and cost of a potential probe. Although the introduced technique miniaturizes the probe, this study points to the reliability of this technique in the phantom study and clinical breast imaging. We have received ethical approval to test the DOB-Scan probe on patients and we are currently testing the DOB-Scan probe on subjects who are diagnosed with breast cancer.
An Efficient Eyesafe Source at 1.59 Microns (1991)

Diode-pumped solid state lasers are currently enjoying application in a wide range of systems including laser radar, active imaging, and communications. In these applications the laser output is often directed over inhabited regions, thus it is essential that the source be eyesafe. At Fibertek, we have been investigating eyesafe laser radar at 1.59 um. To this end, we have developed a Nd:YAG pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO), with a wall plug efficiency approaching 1 %.
P‐79: Engineered Surface with Improved Luminous Efficiency of Phosphor Powder for Plasma Planar Back Light (2005)

Abstract Simple microwave irradation escalating the luminance efficiency for the commercial phosphor powders is reported. Geometrical variation of the particles from irregular to spherical shape is simultaneously achieved, encouraging an efficient screen‐printed phosphor deposition. Particle size reduction following the microwave surface modification gives consdierably improved luminescence efficiecy.
Learning Compositional Neural Information Fusion for Human Parsing (2019)

This work proposes to combine neural networks with the compositional hierarchy of human bodies for efficient and complete human parsing. We formulate the approach as a neural information fusion framework. Our model assembles the information from three inference processes over the hierarchy: direct inference (directly predicting each part of a human body using image information), bottom-up inference (assembling knowledge from constituent parts), and top-down inference (leveraging context from parent nodes). The bottom-up and top-down inferences explicitly model the compositional and decompositional relations in human bodies, respectively. In addition, the fusion of multi-source information is conditioned on the inputs, i.e., by estimating and considering the confidence of the sources. The whole model is end-to-end differentiable, explicitly modeling information flows and structures. Our approach is extensively evaluated on four popular datasets, outperforming the state-of-the-arts in all cases, with a fast processing speed of 23fps. Our code and results have been released to help ease future research in this direction.
Metallic glass nanowire (2008)

Metallic glass nanowires were spontaneously created on the fracture surfaces that were produced by a conventional mechanical test. The presence of the nanowires is directly related to the one-dimensional meniscus configuration with a small viscosity at high temperatures and to the wide supercooled liquid region of the metallic glass. The electron microscopic observations demonstrate the diameters, the lengths, and the amorphous structural states, and the energy dispersive X-ray reveals the chemical components. In addition, we found that round ridges are constructed from nanotubes. The finding of amorphous nanostructures not only provides a fundamental understanding of fracture processes but also gives a new insight into nanoengineering constructions.
Electrochemical Properties of Lithium–Sulfur Cells in a Very Wide Range of Sulfur Concentration (2016)

This paper examines the influence of the sulfur concentration on the electrochemical properties of Li–S cells over a very wide sulfur concentration range of 1.5 to 14.2 m . The sulfur utilization decreased gradually from 74 to 40% with increasing sulfur concentration in this concentration range. Surprisingly, the Li–S cells successfully operated with a considerable capacity (675 mAh /g) even under an extremely high sulfur concentration of 14.2 m . At a high rate of 5.0 C, the cells with 9.8 and 11.5 m sulfur showed much poorer rate capabilities than those with 2.3 and 5.6 m sulfur. This feature was attributed mainly to the significant ohmic drop and large reaction overpotential due to chemical reactions coupled with the electrode reactions of sulfur and polysulfides. In addition, there was a notable variation in the cycle performance with a change in the sulfur concentration. Interestingly, higher capacity retention was observed in 5.6 and 9.8 m sulfur than in low (2.3 m ) and high (11.5 m ) sulfur concentrations.
Susceptibility genes for gentamicin-induced vestibular dysfunction (2008)

Background: Approximately 5% of patients administered gentamicin (GM), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, experience vestibular ototoxicity resulting in balance dysfunction. In the present study, we sought to identify susceptibility genes associated with GM-induced vestibular dysfunction using a case/control design. Methods: White cases (n = 137; 55 men, 82 women) were recruited based on physician-confirmed unilateral or bilateral vestibular dysfunction attributed to GM administration. Controls (n = 126; 54 men, 72 women) were healthy, age-matched individuals without vestibular dysfunction or balance impairment. Buccal cell samples were obtained from all subjects and DNA was genotyped for 15 polymorphisms in 9 genes. Candidate genes were identified primarily for their roles in oxidative stress based on predicted mechanisms of gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. Statistical analyses included the multi-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method for identifying gene x gene interactions across multiple candidate genes. Results: Both single gene and MDR analyses revealed the NOS3 (ENOS) p.Glu298Asp polymorphism as significantly associated with GM-induced vestibular dysfunction (both p ⩽ 0.03). MDR analysis revealed a three-gene combination, consisting of NOS3 (p.Glu298Asp), GSTZ1 (p.Lys32Glu), and GSTP1 (p.Ile105Val), that provided the highest predictive model for GM-induced vestibular dysfunction (64% accuracy; p = 0.009). Conclusions: The results indicate that carriers of risk alleles at three oxidative stress-related genes have increased susceptibility to GM-induced vestibular dysfunction.
EPIC (2012)

We present Enterprise Priority Inbox Classifier (EPIC), an automatic personalized email prioritization system based on a topic-based user model built from the user's email data and relevant enterprise information. The user model encodes the user's topics of interest and email processing behaviors (e.g. read/reply/file) at the granularity of pair-wise interactions between the user and each of his/her email contacts. Given a new message, the user model is used in combination with the message metadata and content to determine the values of a set of contextual features. Contextual features include people-centric features representing information about the user's interaction history and relationship with the email sender, as well as message-centric features focusing on the properties of the message itself. Based on these feature values, EPIC uses a dynamic strategy to combine a global priority classifier with a user-specific classifier for determining the message's priority. An evaluation of EPIC based on 2,064 annotated email messages from 11 users, using 10-fold cross-validation, showed that the system achieves an average accuracy of 81.3%. The user-specific classifier contributed an improvement of 11.5%. Lastly we report on findings regarding the relative value of different contextual features for email prioritization.
Mammogram-based diffuse optical tomography (2012)

The study aims at developing an optical measurement module incorporated with an X-ray mammographic system to obtain diffuse optical images (DOI) for the detection of breast tumors. Two goals steer the study: (1) to enhance sensitivity and specificity of tumor detection through the use of functional DOI; and (2) to reduce radiation exposure by using only one mammogram, instead of two, as structure information to compute optical-coefficient images. A dual-direction (downward and upward) scanning device to project illuminated near infrared light with multiple-channel switching for both sources and detectors was designed and constructed to obtain double information. The designed and constructed NIR scanning module incorporates with GE Senographe 2000D to assist breast tumor detection.
Prognostic Significance of Molecular Genetic Aberrations on Chromosome Segment 11p15.5 in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

LOH in a 310-kb region on chromosome segment 11p15.5 that includes the gene for the regulatory subunit of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase is highly predictive of poor survival from NSCLC. The future utility of analysis of the allelic status of this region may involve treatment decisions, such as the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage I disease.
Tunable dispersion slope compensation for 40-Gb/s WDM systems using broadband nonchannelized third-order chirped fiber Bragg gratings (2002)

We demonstrate tunable dispersion slope compensation using broadband nonchannelized third-order chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for 40-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. The slope is tuned by stretching as it has a third-order time delay variation with wavelength, and thus a second-order dispersion-wavelength curve. Calculation results include the examples of the slope tuning in addition to the interchannel dispersion differences and the slope tuning ranges with respect to the wavelength in a single grating. To verify the functionality of the third-order grating, we prepare a third-order grating with a dispersion variation of up to 400 ps/nm over the 3.5-nm usable bandwidth, and a dispersion slope tuning range of /spl sim/65 ps/nm/sup 2/ is achieved. For 40-Gb/s systems, two new gratings are designed and inversely cascaded to eliminate the inherent errors originating from the deleterious higher-order dispersion components in a single grating. The slope tuning range is -20 to +20 ps/nm/sup 2/ over the 5-nm usable bandwidth. A /spl sim/10-dB power penalty improvement is achieved and the BER floor is eliminated for the worst-case channel after transmission through a 170-km link using dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) with a 4/spl times/40-Gb/s RZ data stream.
Unconstrained endpoint profiling (googling the internet) (2008)

Understanding Internet access trends at a global scale, i.e., what do people do on the Internet, is a challenging problem that is typically addressed by analyzing network traces. However, obtaining such traces presents its own set of challenges owing to either privacy concerns or to other operational difficulties. The key hypothesis of our work here is that most of the information needed to profile the Internet endpoints is already available around us - on the web. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for profiling and classifying endpoints. We implement and deploy a Google-based profiling tool, which accurately characterizes endpoint behavior by collecting and strategically combining information freely available on the web. Our 'unconstrained endpoint profiling' approach shows remarkable advances in the following scenarios: (i) Even when no packet traces are available, it can accurately predict application and protocol usage trends at arbitrary networks; (ii) When network traces are available, it dramatically outperforms state-of-the-art classification tools; (iii) When sampled flow-level traces are available, it retains high classification capabilities when other schemes literally fall apart. Using this approach, we perform unconstrained endpoint profiling at a global scale: for clients in four different world regions (Asia, South and North America and Europe). We provide the first-of-its-kind endpoint analysis which reveals fascinating similarities and differences among these regions.
Efficient Mode Multiplexer for Few-Mode Fibers Using Integrated Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide Grating Coupler (2019)

We propose a novel and highly efficient multimode waveguide grating coupler which can simultaneously launch four channels including two polarizations of the linear polarized (LP) modes, LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> and LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> of a step-index few-mode fiber (FMF). The waveguide grating coupler on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is based on a subwavelength structure which was optimized using the genetic optimization approach with 2-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2-D FDTD) simulations combined with the second - order effective medium theory (EMT). Simulations predicted the coupling efficiencies to be -4.3 dB for LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode and -5.0 dB for the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode. The design was fabricated in a multi-project wafer (MPW) run for silicon photonics. Coupling efficiency of -4.9 dB and -6.1 dB was experimentally demonstrated for LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode and LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode, respectively. The proposed mode multiplexer is entirely passive and suitable for future applications with FMFs in the space-division-multiplexing (SDM) networks.
Single-Chain Immunotoxins Directed at the Human Transferrin Receptor Containing <i>Pseudomonas</i> Exotoxin A or Diphtheria Toxin: Anti-TFR(Fv)-PE40 and DT388-Anti-TFR(Fv) (1991)

Two single-chain immunotoxins directed at the human transferrin receptor have been constructed by using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Anti-TFR(Fv)-PE40 is encoded by a gene fusion between the DNA sequence encoding the antigen-binding portion (Fv) of a monoclonal antibody directed at the human transferrin receptor and that encoding a 40,000-molecular-weight fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE40). The other fusion protein, DT388-anti-TFR(Fv), is encoded by a gene fusion between the DNA encoding a truncated form of diphtheria toxin and that encoding the antigen-binding portion of antibody to human transferrin receptor. These gene fusions were expressed in Escherichia coli, and fusion proteins were purified by conventional chromatography techniques to near homogeneity. In anti-TFR(Fv)-PE40, the antigen-binding portion is placed at the amino terminus of the toxin, while in DT388-anti-TFR(Fv), it is at the carboxyl end of the toxin. Both these single-chain immunotoxins kill cells bearing the human transferrin receptors. However, anti-TFR(Fv)-PE40 was usually more active than DT388-anti-TFR(Fv), and in some cases it was several-hundred-fold more active. Anti-TFR(Fv)-PE40 was also more active on cell lines than a conjugate made by chemically coupling the native antibody to PE40, and in some cases it was more than 100-fold more active.