gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sol−Gel Monolithic Columns with Reversed Electroosmotic Flow for Capillary Electrochromatography (2000)

Sol-gel chemistry was used to prepare porous monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography. The developed sol-gel approach proved invaluable and generates monolithic columns in a simple and rapid manner. Practically any desired column length ranging from a few tens of centimeters to a few meters may be readily obtained. The incorporation of the sol-gel precursor, N-octadecyldimethyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride, into the sol solution proved to be critical as this reagent possesses an octadecyl moiety that allows for chromatographic interactions of analytes with the monolithic stationary phase. Additionally, this reagent served to yield a positively charged surface, thereby providing the relatively strong reversed electroosmotic flow (EOF) in capillary electrochromatography. The enhanced permeability of the monolithic capillaries allowed for the use of such columns without the need for modifications to the commercial CE instrument. There was no need to pressurize both capillary ends during operation or to use high pressures for column rinsing. With the developed procedure, no bubble formation was detected during analysis with the monolithic capillaries when using electric field strengths of up to 300 V cm(-1). The EOF in the monolith columns was found to be dependent on the percentage of organic modifier present in the mobile phase. Separation efficiencies of up to 1.75 x 10(5) plates/m (87,300 plates/column) were achieved on a 50 cm x 50 microm i.d. column using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic aldehydes and ketones as test solutes.
Regeneration of aluminium hydride using dimethylethylamine (2010)

Aluminium hydride is a compound that is well known for its high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities and favorable hydrogen storage properties. Tertiary amine–aluminium hydride complexes have gained interest due to their application as chemical reducing agents and in aluminium thin-film deposition. Various complexes of these amine alane compounds have been created and studied previously, but these compounds were not formed directly using pressurized hydrogen. Here, we demonstrate the direct reaction of catalyzed aluminium, a tertiary amine, and hydrogen in a common solvent proceeds to form an amine alane adduct at moderate pressures and temperatures. A complex of aluminium hydride has been formed with dimethylethylamine by this technique. A vibrational analysis of the product of these reactions by Raman and infrared spectroscopy is presented, including experimental and theoretical data. The results clarify the molecular and vibrational structure of amine alane complexes formed by direct hydrogenation and are compared with previously determined experimental information. In addition, we demonstrate a new method for the formation of triethylamine alane using the direct hydrogenation of dimethylethylamine and catalyzed aluminium followed by transamination with triethylamine. Finally, we propose a new low energy method to regenerate AlH3 from catalyzed aluminium and hydrogen gas.
<i>Postexit</i>Surface Engineering of Retroviral/Lentiviral Vectors (2013)

Gene delivery vectors based on retroviral or lentiviral particles are considered powerful tools for biomedicine and biotechnology applications. Such vectors require modification at the genomic level in the form of rearrangements to allow introduction of desired genes and regulatory elements (genotypic modification) as well as engineering of the physical virus particle (phenotypic modification) in order to mediate efficient and safe delivery of the genetic information to the target cell nucleus. Phenotypic modifications are typically introduced at the genomic level through genetic manipulation of the virus producing cells. However, this paper focuses on methods which allow modification of viral particle surfaces after they have exited the cell, that is, directly on the viral particles in suspension. These methods fall into three categories: (i) direct covalent chemical modification, (ii) membrane-topic reagents, and (iii) adaptor systems. Current applications of such techniques will be introduced and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed.
CAESAR (2011)

Wireless local area networks have been designed for wireless communication. Frames are acknowledged (ACKed) after a short and predefined MAC idle time. The MAC idle time varies with i) the physical distance between stations, caused by the delay of wireless signal propagation, and ii) the time to detect the ACK at the local station, which varies with the signal strength of the incoming ACK. We present CAESAR, CArriEr Sense-bAsed Ranging, that combines time of flight and signal-to-noise ratio measurements to calculate the distance between two stations. CAESAR measures the distance by estimating the MAC idle time in a data/ACK communication at a 44 MHz clock resolution and the ACK detection time on a per-frame basis. CAESAR is a software-based solution that is entirely implemented at the transmitter and it requires no protocol modifications and only a limited calibration in links with multi-path propagation. We implement CAESAR on commodity hardware and conduct extensive experiments both in controlled network conditions and dynamic radio environments. Our measurements confirm the accuracy of the solution and show the capability to track the distance to WLAN smartphones at pedestrian speeds.
Potent and selective pharmacodynamic synergy between the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 2–positive allosteric modulator <scp>JNJ</scp>‐46356479 and levetiracetam in the mouse 6‐Hz (44‐<scp>mA</scp>) model (2018)

These studies demonstrate a synergistic interaction of JNJ-46356479 with LEV, whereas no such effect occurred for JNJ-46356479 with either VPA or LTG. The synergy seems therefore to be specific to LEV, and the combination LEV/mGlu<sub>2</sub> PAM has the potential to result in a rational polypharmacy approach to treat patients with refractory epilepsy, once it has been confirmed in clinical studies.
High Repetition Rate Table-Top Soft X-Ray Lasers in Capillary Discharges and Laser-Created Plasmas (2005)

We discuss very recent advances in high repetition rate soft x‐ray lasers resulting from the use of two different types of hot dense plasmas: fast capillary discharges and laser‐created plasmas. We have demonstrated a new high repetition rate 46.9 nm capillary discharge laser that fits onto the surface area of a small desk and that operates at a relatively low voltage, therefore not requiring a Marx generator. Laser pulses with an energy of ∼ 13 μJ are generated at repetition rates up to 12 Hz. About (2–3)×104 laser shots can be generated with a single capillary. This new type of portable laser is an easily accessible source of intense short wavelength laser light for applications. We also discuss the demonstration of 5 Hz repetition rate table‐top soft x‐ray lasers producing microwatt average powers at wavelengths ranging from 13.2 to 33 nm. The results were obtained by collisional electron excitation of Ni‐like and Ne‐like ions in plasmas efficiently heated with a picosecond optical laser pulse impinging at grazing incidence onto a pre‐created plasma. Efficient deposition of the pump beam into the gain region allows for the excitation of soft x‐ray lasers in this wavelength range with a short pulse pump energy of only 1 J.
Quantum-well charge-coupled devices for charge-coupled device-addressed multiple-quantum-well spatial light modulators (1986)

We have demonstrated a new type of GaAs/AlGaAs charge‐coupled device (CCD) in which the charge is confined to a quantum‐well channel. The MBE‐grown quantum‐well CCD (designated QWCCD) has a channel consisting of a 140 A GaAs layer clad on both sides by AlGaAs layers. This structure was grown on a multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) structure consisting of 60 periods of GaAs and AlGaAs layers of about 100 A thickness each. Large optical modulation effects involving quantum‐confined excitons were observed in the MQW structure when a bias was applied perpendicular to the plane of the layers. The combination of QWCCD and MQW structures has promise as a high‐speed spatial light modulator for applications in optical signal processing.
Correction: Development of glycosynthases with broad glycan specificity for the efficient glyco-remodeling of antibodies (2018)

Correction for 'Development of glycosynthases with broad glycan specificity for the efficient glyco-remodeling of antibodies' by Sachin S. Shivatare et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 6161-6164.
Preparation of the HIV Attachment Inhibitor BMS-663068. Part 1. Evolution of Enabling Strategies (2017)

The development of two enabling routes that led to the production of >1000 kg of BMS-663068 (3) is described. The route identified for the initial 100 kg delivery to support development activities and initial clinical trials involved the conversion of 2-amino-4-picoline to the parent active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), followed by pro-drug installation and deprotection. To eliminate the problematic isolation of the parent API and synthesis of di-t-butyl(chloromethyl)phosphate, a second-generation pro-drug installation route was developed which involved the conversion of a late-stage common intermediate to an N(1)-thioether derivative followed by chloromethylation, displacement with di-t-butylpotassium phosphate, and deprotection. This second strategy resulted in the multikilogram scale preparation of the API in 14 linear steps and ∼7% overall yield.
Tissue‐specific and allelic expression of the complement regulator CD46 is controlled by alternative splicing (1992)

CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a human cell surface glycoprotein with cofactor activity for factor I-mediated cleavage of complement components C3b and C4b. The CD46 protein from normal lymphocytes resolves on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as two major bands of 66 and 56 kDa. CD46 cDNA encodes four extracellular short consensus repeat domains, a Ser/Thr/Pro (STP)-rich region, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail. We now show that exquisite control of mRNA splicing is responsible for the heterogeneous expression of CD46 isoforms. Differential splicing of 5 exons generates at least 14 CD46 mRNA variants whose expression is stringently regulated by allelic, tissue-specific and malignancy-related factors, as: (a) leukemic cells and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells preferentially incorporate the first of three STP exons (exon 7) into mRNA, and produce a larger CD46 isoform of 74 kDa, (b) an allelic difference in the proportion of 66- and 56-kDa CD46 isoforms on lymphocytes corresponds to the preferential inclusion or exclusion of the second STP exon (exon 8), (c) the third STP exon (exon 9) is specifically deleted in some placentae, (d) spermatozoa delete both exons 12 and 13, encoding a shorter transmembrane region and a unique cytoplasmic tail and (e) all tissues tested differentially splice exon 13, resulting in two alternative cytoplasmic tails. The distribution of the 14 alternatively spliced RNA transcripts correlated with the presence of protein isoforms of the predicted size, indicating that alternative splicing leads to heterogeneity of CD46 glycoproteins.
Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli: </i>A Family of Emerging Pathogens (1997)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) have emerged over the last decade as important enteric pathogens because of their potential to induce both hemorrhagic colitis and fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). HUS following EHEC colitis has become the leading cause of pediatric renal failure requiring kidney transplant in North America. The ability for EHEC to induce disease is dependent upon their ability to adhere to the intestinal mucosa in an intimate fashion, and to produce potent cytotoxins. These virulence factors (toxin production and enteroadherence) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of EHEC-induced disease. In this review we will discuss the symptomatology, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, pathogenesis, complications, treatment, and prevention of EHEC disease. We will review HUS with emphasis on treatment and prevention. Finally we will review animal models for EHEC infection in order to discuss their role in developing new strategies for the treatment and prevention of EHEC-associated diseases.
Familial expression of anti- <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> mannan antibodies in affected and unaffected relatives of patients with Crohn's disease (2000)

BACKGROUND Crohn's disease is a familial disorder, and antiglycan antibodies to the cell wall mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASCA) are highly correlated with Crohn's disease. AIMS To determine whether there is a familial pattern for expression of serum levels of anti-mannan Ig, and whether this trait is expressed in clinically unaffected Crohn's disease family members. METHODS 349 patients with Crohn's disease, 87 Crohn's disease affected relatives, 333 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) free relatives, 58 spouses, and 190 healthy control patients were studied. Serum IgG and IgA binding activity to S cerevisiae cell wall mannan was quantitated by ELISA. RESULTS A high percentage of patients with Crohn's disease (51.9%) and affected family members (56.3%) were seropositive for anti-mannan Ig, compared with the normal control population (3.7%). Seropositive and seronegative phenotypes of Crohn's disease probands were correlated among all affected relatives, and this association was stronger in affected first degree relatives. Statistical intraclass correlations of quantitative anti-mannan Ig levels revealed significantly less variation within, rather than between families. A significant familial aggregation was observed for affected relatives; this was even stronger for unaffected relatives. While a significant familial aggregation was observed among unaffected siblings pairs, there was no significant correlation among marital pairs. CONCLUSION Results show that anti-mannan Ig in family members affected and unaffected with Crohn's disease is a familial trait for both affected and unaffected relatives. The lack of concordance in marital pairs indicates that familiality is due in part to a genetic factor or childhood environmental exposure.
Metallized Nanotube Polymer Composite (MNPC) (2007)

This viewgraph presentation describes the Metallized Nanotube Polymer Composites (MNPC) used in aerospace vehicles.
Dioctatin A is a strong inhibitor of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus (2007)

Dioctatin A (DotA), a metabolite of Streptomyces, is known to be an inhibitor of human dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II. Here, it was found that DotA strongly inhibited aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus, with an IC50 value of 4.0 microM. The mycelial growth of the fungus was not affected by the addition of DotA at a concentration of 50 microM, but inhibition of conidiation was observed at the same concentration. DotA inhibited production of norsolorinic acid, an early biosynthetic intermediate of aflatoxin, and it strongly reduced the mRNA levels of genes encoding aflatoxin biosynthetic enzymes, and significantly decreased the mRNA level of aflR, which encodes a key regulatory protein for aflatoxin biosynthesis. In addition to these genes, the mRNA level of brlA, which encodes a conidiation-specific transcription factor, was also reduced by the addition of DotA. It was also found that DotA dramatically enhanced kojic acid production by the fungus. Furthermore, DotA inhibited production of sterigmatocystin, which is a toxic aflatoxin biosynthetic intermediate, and it also inhibited conidiation in Aspergillus nidulans. These results indicate that DotA has pleiotropic effects on regulatory mechanisms of fungal secondary metabolite production and differentiation, leading to inhibition of aflatoxin production.
Tunable Vibration Absorber Incorporating Piezoceramic Sensoriactuator (2006)

A novel tunable vibration absorber (TVA) is developed for active absorption of vibrations in vibrating structures. The TVA is composed of a piezoceramic sensoriactuator suspended in a mounting frame by two flexible beams connected to axial ends of the sensoriactuator. The sensoriactuator serves to produce an axial force for tuning of the natural frequency of the TVA, to gather the signals associated with structural vibrations, and to provide a lumped damped mass for the TVA. By monitoring the sensoriactuator output signal while adjusting its input voltage, the natural frequency of the TVA is tuned to the targeted resonance frequency of a structure. In this paper, the design, fabrication and characterization of a 153 Hz TVA are described. Tunability of natural frequency as high as 12% and sensibility of vibrations as good as a commercial accelerometer are demonstrated.
New Gas Hydrate Inhibitors for Deepwater Drilling Fluids (1998)

Abstract Low density gas hydrate suppressive drilling fluids have been developed for deepwater applications. These fluids utilize low molecular weight organic compounds for gas hydrate inhibition. Fluid densities as low as 9. 11b/gal can be designed for fluids with gas hydrate suppression greater than 30 F relative to water. These fluids are especially suited for use when low fracture gradients are encountered while drilling intervals where gas hydrate formation in the drilling fluid is possible. In addition, these additives provide greater gas hydrate suppression to drilling fluids than that provided by conventional thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitors. P. 201
Dual input switched‐capacitor‐based single‐phase hybrid boost multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of components (2019)

A new switched‐capacitor‐based topology with features of boosting and self‐voltage balancing of the capacitor has been proposed in this study. The proposed multilevel inverter topology uses two isolated dc voltage sources with a switched‐capacitor to produce 11 levels across the load. In this study, two different modes of the selection of dc voltage sources have been discussed for the proposed topology. Furthermore, the generalised structure of the proposed boost topology has also been discussed. Quantitative comparison with several topologies has been carried out to set the benchmark of the proposed topology. Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation technique has been adopted to improve the performance of the suggested topology. The power loss analysis of the proposed topology gives the maximum efficiency of 96.5% at the output power of 100 W and has an efficiency value of 95.3% at the output power of 500 W. The proposed topology has been simulated using PLECS and the simulation results have been verifying using an experimental prototype. The proposed topology has been tested for the different types of load and changes in the modulation index. The experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed topology.
Diagnosing realistic bridging faults with single stuck-at information (1998)

Successful failure analysis requires accurate fault diagnosis. This paper presents a method for diagnosing bridging faults that improves on previous methods. The new method uses single stuck-at fault signatures, produces accurate and precise diagnoses, and takes into account imperfect fault modeling; it accomplishes this by introducing the concepts of match restriction, match requirement, and match ranking.
Soft switching three level inverter with passive snubber circuit (S3L inverter) (2011)

Presented here is a three level voltage source inverter for electric drives, uninterruptable power supplies and for mains feeds. Unlike the usual hard switching topologies, it is implemented as completely soft switching. A novel patented snubber circuit is added, which is structured very simply and consists of only a few passive components. This snubber circuit works in principle without any losses; all switching operations in the three level voltage source inverter are in principle free of switching losses. For this reason, very high values of switching frequency up to about 40 kHz, and very high efficiencies up to more than 98%, can be realized, even with utilization of economical standard IGBT's. In particular with utilization of IGCT's, an effective di/dt limitation is to be emphasized, which works without additional inductive voltage stressing of the IGCT's.
Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Bactobolin Production by <i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i> E264 (2010)

Bacterial acyl-homoserine lactones upregulated an uncharacterized gene cluster (bta) in Burkholderia thailandensis E264 to produce an uncharacterized polar antibiotic. The antibiotic is identified as a mixture of four bactobolins. Annotation of the bta cluster allows us to propose a biosynthetic scheme for bactobolin and reveals unusual enzymatic reactions for further study.
Portable human/computer interface mounted in eyewear (1998)

This paper presents results on the development of an eyeglass based human/computer interface. The interface comprises a display mounted within the eyeglasses, and a lens for relaying information inconspicuously to the wearer's eye. The paper will discuss eyeglass interface systems that utilize miniature displays and magnifying optics to provide a field of view of up to 10 degrees, with a resolution of approximately .03 degrees per pixel. Details of the design and construction of such systems, including methods of addressing the need for prescriptive correction will be presented. The paper concludes with comments on adding other new features to the interface system.
Filament Guides for Silicon-Ribbon Growth (1985)

Contamination reduced in modified growth system. In Silicon-ribbongrowth apparatus, capillary filament guides are integral parts of crucible, extending from bottom to top of melt. Addition of guides expected to result in better thermal control of growth process and higher silicon purity.
Nanotechnology based drug delivery system(s) for the management of tuberculosis. (2006)

The era of nanotechnology has allowed new research strategies to flourish in the field of drug delivery. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are suitable for targeting chronic intracellular infections such as tuberculosis. Polymeric nanoparticles employing poly lactide-co-glycolide have shown promise as far as intermittent chemotherapy in experimental tuberculosis is concerned. It has distinct advantages over the more traditional drug carriers, i.e. liposomes and microparticles. Although the experience with natural carriers, e.g. solid lipid nanoparticles and alginate nanoparticles is in its infancy, future research may rely heavily on these carrier systems. Given the options for oral as well as parenteral therapy, the very nature of the disease and its complex treatment urges one to emphasize on the oral route for controlled drug delivery. Pending the discovery of more potent antitubercular drugs, nanotechnology-based intermittent chemotherapy provides a novel and sound platform for an onslaught against tuberculosis.
Nitric Oxide Releasing Morpholine Derivatives as Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Agents (2002)

The synthesis and evaluation of activity of some nitric acid esters of substituted morpholines are presented. All compounds inhibit lipid peroxidation and reduce cholesterol (20-63%) and triglyceride (37-85%) plasma levels. The more potent NO donors 14 and 17 specifically reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL). These data indicate that proper structural modifications to the hypolipidemic and antioxidant morpholines enabling NO production, besides preserving or enhancing the above activities, offer a remarkable reduction of LDL, considered advantageous for antiatheromatic agents.