gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional reconstitution of the human interleukin-3 receptor (1992)

The high-affinity receptors for human interleukin-3 (IL-3), GM-CSF, and IL-5 are composed of alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunits are primary ligand binding proteins specific for each ligand, whereas the three human receptors share a common beta subunit (beta c). In contrast to humans mice have two closely related genes, AIC2A and AIC2B, which are homologous to human beta c. The AIC2A gene encodes a low-affinity murine IL-3 binding protein, and the AIC2B protein is the beta subunit shared between murine GM-CSF receptors (mGMR) and IL-5 receptors (mIL-5R). To examine the function of these receptor components, we established various stable transfectants of murine IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cells. CTLL-2 transfectants expressing both the alpha and beta subunits of the human IL-3 receptor (hIL-3R) proliferated in response to physiologic concentrations of hIL-3. Coexpression of hIL-3R alpha with AIC2B but not with AIC2A in CTLL-2 cells conferred a growth response to hIL-3. Although CTLL-2 transfectants expressing hIL-3R alpha alone did not proliferate in the presence of hIL-3, hIL-3-responsive sublines were repeatedly isolated. These sublines expressed endogenous AIC2B but not AIC2A. These results indicate that human beta c is essential for hIL-3 signaling and that AIC2B is a murine equivalent of human beta c. We also showed that hIL-3 and hGM-CSF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in CTLL transfectants, similar to those observed in human factor-dependent TF-1 cells stimulated with hIL-3 and hGM-CSF.
Giant thermal spin-torque–assisted magnetic tunnel junction switching (2015)

Spin-polarized charge currents induce magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) switching by virtue of spin-transfer torque (STT). Recently, by taking advantage of the spin-dependent thermoelectric properties of magnetic materials, novel means of generating spin currents from temperature gradients, and their associated thermal-spin torques (TSTs), have been proposed, but so far these TSTs have not been large enough to influence MTJ switching. Here we demonstrate significant TSTs in MTJs by generating large temperature gradients across ultrathin MgO tunnel barriers that considerably affect the switching fields of the MTJ. We attribute the origin of the TST to an asymmetry of the tunneling conductance across the zero-bias voltage of the MTJ. Remarkably, we estimate through magneto-Seebeck voltage measurements that the charge currents that would be generated due to the temperature gradient would give rise to STT that is a thousand times too small to account for the changes in switching fields that we observe.
One-dimensional rainbow thermometry system by using slit apertures (2014)

A new rainbow thermometry system by using slit apertures and a laser light sheet, called a one-dimensional rainbow thermometry (ORT) system, has been developed as an extension of global rainbow thermometry (GRT). This system is capable of one-dimensional or line measurements of the size and refractive index of droplets in the spray space, while the conventional GRT system is normally considered a typical "single-point" or "small volume" measurement method. The performance of this new system was tested and verified with both water and ethanol spray. The results show the feasibility and potential of ORT in simultaneous and one-dimensional measurement of the size and refractive index of liquid droplets, especially in the research field of spray evaporation and combustion.
Dynamic Searchable Encryption in Very-Large Databases: Data Structures and Implementation. (2014)

We design and implement dynamic symmetric searchable encryption schemes that efficiently and privately search server-held encrypted databases with tens of billions of record-keyword pairs. Our basic theoretical construction supports single-keyword searches and offers asymptotically optimal server index size, fully parallel searching, and minimal leakage. Our implementation effort brought to the fore several factors ignored by earlier coarse-grained theoretical performance analyses, including low-level space utilization, I/O parallelism and goodput. We accordingly introduce several optimizations to our theoretically optimal construction that model the prototype’s characteristics designed to overcome these factors. All of our schemes and optimizations are proven secure and the information leaked to the untrusted server is precisely quantified. We evaluate the performance of our prototype using two very large datasets: a synthesized census database with 100 million records and hundreds of keywords per record and a multi-million webpage collection that includes Wikipedia as a subset. Moreover, we report on an implementation that uses the dynamic SSE schemes developed here as the basis for supporting recent SSE advances, including complex search queries (e.g., Boolean queries) and richer operational settings (e.g., query delegation), in the above terabyte-scale databases. 1
Analysis of T Cell Responses to the Major Allergens from German Cockroach: Epitope Specificity and Relationship to IgE Production (2012)

Bla g allergens are major targets of IgE responses associated with cockroach allergies. However, little is known about corresponding T cell responses, despite their potential involvement in immunopathology and the clinical efficacy of specific immunotherapy. Bioinformatic predictions of the capacity of Bla g 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 peptides to bind HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ molecules, and PBMC responses from 30 allergic donors, identified 25 T cell epitopes. Five immunodominant epitopes accounted for more than half of the response. Bla g 5, the most dominant allergen, accounted for 65% of the response, and Bla g 6 accounted for 20%. Bla g 5 induced both IL-5 and IFN-γ responses, whereas Bla g 6 induced mostly IL-5, and, conversely, Bla g 2 induced only IFN-γ. Thus, responses to allergens within a source are independently regulated, suggesting a critical role for the allergen itself, and not extraneous stimulation from other allergens or copresented immunomodulators. In comparing Ab with T cell responses for several donor/allergen combinations, we detected IgE titers in the absence of detectable T cell responses, suggesting that unlinked T cell-B cell help might support development of IgE responses. Finally, specific immunotherapy resulted in IL-5 down modulation, which was not associated with development of IFN-γ or IL-10 responses to any of the Bla g-derived peptides. In summary, the characteristics of T cell responses to Bla g allergens appear uncorrelated with IgE responses. Monitoring these responses may therefore yield important information relevant to understanding cockroach allergies and their treatment.
Click chemistry in materials synthesis. 1. Adhesive polymers from copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (2004)

Abstract The copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes has been employed to make metal‐adhesive materials. Copper and brass surfaces supply the necessary catalytic Cu ions, and thus the polymerization process occurs selectively on these metals in the absence of added catalysts. Alternatively, copper compounds can be added to monomer mixtures and then introduced to reducing metal surfaces such as zinc to initiate polymerization. The resulting materials were found to possess comparable or superior adhesive strength to standard commercial glues, and structure‐activity correlations have identified several important properties of the monomers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4392–4403, 2004
Superionic glass-ceramic electrolytes for room-temperature rechargeable sodium batteries (2012)

Innovative rechargeable batteries that can effectively store renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, urgently need to be developed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. All-solid-state batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes and electrodes are promising power sources for a wide range of applications because of their safety, long-cycle lives and versatile geometries. Rechargeable sodium batteries are more suitable than lithium-ion batteries, because they use abundant and ubiquitous sodium sources. Solid electrolytes are critical for realizing all-solid-state sodium batteries. Here we show that stabilization of a high-temperature phase by crystallization from the glassy state dramatically enhances the Na(+) ion conductivity. An ambient temperature conductivity of over 10(-4) S cm(-1) was obtained in a glass-ceramic electrolyte, in which a cubic Na(3)PS(4) crystal with superionic conductivity was first realized. All-solid-state sodium batteries, with a powder-compressed Na(3)PS(4) electrolyte, functioned as a rechargeable battery at room temperature.
Fluorescent nanoparticles based on chitosan (2007)

The present investigation reports the formation and characterization of novel biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles based conjugated with fluorescent dye for biomedical applications. The solubility and size of these nanoparticles in the dried and swollen states will be described and discussed. The correlation of size of nanoparticles, pH of the solutions, ratio of cross-linking, and the dye-content of nanosystems have been studied. It was found, that biocompatible fluorescent chitosan nanosystems have been successfully prepared. The size and the size distributions of the nanosystems depend on the pH, but at a given pH, it was independent of the ratio of crosslinking. The diameter of individual dried particles varied in the range of 100 – 300 nm, and the average hydrodynamic diameters were in the range of 270 – 370 nm depending on the pH. The biocompatible fluorescent chitosan nanoparticles in aqueous media, might be useful for various in vitro experiments related to biomedical applications.
Exfoliated 2D Lepidocrocite Titanium Oxide Nanosheets for High Sulfur Content Cathodes with Highly Stable Li–S Battery Performance (2018)

Despite the high energy densities, lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from insufficient cycle life originating from the shuttling process involving lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Various approaches have been introduced to resolve the shuttling problem, but they are not usually effective for electrodes with high sulfur contents. Here, we report an exfoliated 2D lepidocrocite titanium oxide nanosheet as a component for sulfur cathodes to suppress polysulfide dissolution markedly. In particular, the Lewis acidity originating from undercoordinated Ti species as well as the large surface area associated with the 2D structure endow 2D lepidocrocite titanium oxide with an efficient interaction with LiPSs. As a result, even with a sulfur content of 80 wt %, the Li–S cell exhibits 1023.5 mAh g–1 at 50 mA g–1 and a capacity retention of 82.3% after 300 cycles measured at 1000 mA g–1. The considerably improved cycling performance provides useful insight for designing sulfur cathodes, that is, the incorporation of acidic 2D metal oxide nanosheets.
Solids recovery from coal liquefaction slurry. [12 claims] (1977)

A process is described for removing mineral matter from a solubilized coal slurry while retaining the asphaltenes with the coal solution in which the slurry is agitated with an alkanolamine or other hydrophilic agglomerating agent in the presence of an aromatic solvent or a polyvinyl alcohol, to form relatively large agglomerates which contain substantially all of the mineral matter, the undissolved coal, the agglomerating agent and some entrained coal solution and which can be separated rapidly from the coal solution by gravity settling. The agglomerates can then be washed with a solvent to recover entrained coal solution, which can in turn be distilled to recover solvent, a high boiling coal solution and agglomerating agent for recycling. 12 claims, 1 figure.
A cascaded two-step Kalman filter for estimation of human body segment orientation using MEMS-IMU (2014)

Orientation of human body segments is an important quantity in many biomechanical analyses. To get robust and drift-free 3-D orientation, raw data from miniature body worn MEMS-based inertial measurement units (IMU) should be blended in a Kalman filter. Aiming at less computational cost, this work presents a novel cascaded two-step Kalman filter orientation estimation algorithm. Tilt angles are estimated in the first step of the proposed cascaded Kalman filter. The estimated tilt angles are passed to the second step of the filter for yaw angle calculation. The orientation results are benchmarked against the ones from a highly accurate tactical grade IMU. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm provides robust orientation estimation in both kinematically and magnetically disturbed conditions.
Biomimetic Inks Based on Cellulose Nanofibrils and Cross-Linkable Xylans for 3D Printing (2017)

This paper presents a sustainable all-wood-based ink which can be used for 3D printing of constructs for a large variety of applications such as clothes, furniture, electronics, and health care products with a customized design and versatile gel properties. The 3D printing technologies where the material is dispensed in the form of liquids, so called inks, have proven suitable for 3D printing dispersions of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) because of their unique shear thinning properties. In this study, novel inks were developed with a biomimetic approach where the structural properties of cellulose and the cross-linking function of hemicelluloses that are found in the plant cell wall were utilized. The CNF was mixed with xylan, a hemicellulose extracted from spruce, to introduce cross-linking properties which are essential for the final stability of the printed ink. For xylan to be cross-linkable, it was functionalized with tyramine at different degrees. Evaluation of different ink compositions by rheology measurements and 3D printing tests showed that the degree of tyramine substitution and the ratio of CNFs to xylan-tyramine in the prepared inks influenced the printability and cross-linking density. Both two-layered gridded structures and more complex 3D constructs were printed. Similarly to conventional composites, the interactions between the components and their miscibility are important for the stability of the printed and cross-linked ink. Thus, the influence of tyramine on the adsorption of xylan to cellulose was studied with a quartz crystal microbalance to verify that the functionalization had little influence on xylan's adsorption to cellulose. Utilizing xylan-tyramine in the CNF dispersions resulted in all-wood-based inks which after 3D printing can be cross-linked to form freestanding gels while at the same time, the excellent printing properties of CNFs remain intact.
The Regulatory T Cell–Associated Transcription Factor FoxP3 Is Expressed by Tumor Cells (2008)

FoxP3 is a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors critically involved in the development and function of CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Until recently, FoxP3 expression was thought to be restricted to the T-cell lineage. However, using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis of human melanoma tissue, we detected FoxP3 expression not only in the tumor infiltrating Treg but also in the melanoma cells themselves. FoxP3 is also widely expressed by established human melanoma cell lines (as determined by flow cytometry, PCR, and Western blot), as well as cell lines derived from other solid tumors. Normal B cells do not express FoxP3; however, expression could be induced after transformation with EBV in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that malignant transformation of healthy cells can induce FoxP3. In addition, a FOXP3 mRNA variant lacking exons 3 and 4 was identified in tumor cell lines but was absent from Treg. Interestingly, this alternative splicing event introduces a translation frame-shift that is predicted to encode a novel protein. Together, our results show that FoxP3, a key regulator of immune suppression, is not only expressed by Treg but also by melanoma cells, EBV-transformed B cells, and a wide variety of tumor cell lines.
Fire-Retardant Polymeric Additives (2011)

Polyhydroxyamide (PHA) and polymethoxyamide (PMeOA) are fire-retardant (FR) thermoplastic polymers and have been found to be useful as an additive for imparting fire retardant properties to other compatible, thermoplastic polymers (including some elastomers). Examples of compatible flammable polymers include nylons, polyesters, and acrylics. Unlike most prior additives, PHA and PMeOA do not appreciably degrade the mechanical properties of the matrix polymer; indeed, in some cases, mechanical properties are enhanced. Also, unlike some prior additives, PHA and PMeOA do not decompose into large amounts of corrosive or toxic compounds during combustion and can be processed at elevated temperatures. PMeOA derivative formulations were synthesized and used as an FR additive in the fabrication of polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS) composites with notable reduction (>30 percent for PS) in peak heat release rates compared to the neat polymer as measured by a Cone Calorimeter (ASTM E1354). Synergistic effects were noted with nanosilica composites. These nanosilica composites had more than 50-percent reduction in peak heat release rates. In a typical application, a flammable thermoplastic, thermoplastic blend, or elastomer that one seeks to render flame-retardant is first dry-mixed with PHA or PMeOA or derivative thereof. The proportion of PHA or PMeOA or derivative in the mixture is typically chosen to lie between 1 and 20 weight percent. The dry blend can then be melt-extruded. The extruded polymer blend can further be extruded and/or molded into fibers, pipes, or any other of a variety of objects that may be required to be fire-retardant. The physical and chemical mechanisms which impart flame retardancy of the additive include inhibiting free-radical oxidation in the vapor phase, preventing vaporization of fuel (the polymer), and cooling through the formation of chemical bonds in either the vapor or the condensed phase. Under thermal stress, the cyclic hydroxyl/ methoxy component forms polybenzoxazole (PBO) in a reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings. PBO under thermal stress cross-links, forming a protective char layer, which thermally insulates the polymer. Thus, the formation of the char layer further assists to extinguish the fire by preventing vaporization of the polymeric fuel.
FLGBP: Improved Method for Gait Representation and Recognition (2016)

Gait recognition is one of the lately emerged technologies in the field of biometrics which has various applications in the security and medical domains. This paper presents a novel holistic method for vision-based gait representation and recognition, named FLGBP. This method adopts the gait energy image to capture the spatio temporal characteristics of the human gait sequence during one motion cycle. Then, it applies Gabor filters and encodes the magnitude of the resulting Gabor image using a fuzzy local binary pattern (FLBP) operator. Gabor magnitude is utilized due to its richness of discriminative gait information rather than the phase of Gabor responses. A comparative study is made to measure the degree of improvement of FLGBP over other local Gabor patterns. Experiments are conducted using CASIA B dataset and classification is performed using the support vector machine (SVM). Experimental results show promising performance for the proposed FLGBP descriptor.
Clinical Development of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides: From Natural to Novel Antibiotics (2002)

Over the past decade, levels of bacterial resistance to antibiotics have risen dramatically and "superbugs" resistant to most or all available agents have appeared in the clinic. Thus there is a growing need to discover and introduce new drugs. One potential source of novel antibiotics is the cationic antimicrobial peptides, which have been isolated from most living entities as components of their non-specific defenses against infectious organisms. Based on these natural templates, scores of structurally diverse antimicrobial cationic peptides have been designed, manufactured both chemically and biologically, and tested for activity against specific pathogens. A few of these peptide antibiotics have entered clinical trials to date, with mixed success. However, their diverse portfolio of structures, activity spectra, biological activities, and modes of action, provide substantial potential.
Sustainable chlorine recycling via catalysed HCl oxidation: from fundamentals to implementation (2011)

The heterogeneously catalysed oxidation of HCl to Cl2 comprises a sustainable route to recover chlorine from HCl-containing streams in the chemical industry. Conceived by Henry Deacon in 1868, this process has been rejuvenated in the last decade due to increased chlorine demand and the growing excess of by-product HCl from chlorination processes. This reaction suffered from many sterile attempts in the past two centuries to obtain sufficiently active and durable catalysts. Intense research efforts have culminated in the recent industrial implementation of RuO2-based catalysts for HCl oxidation. This paper reviews the new generation of technologies for chlorine recycling under the umbrella of Catalysis Engineering, that is, tackling the microlevel (catalyst design), mesolevel (reactor design), and macrolevel (process design). Key steps in the development are emphasised, including lab-scale catalyst screening, advanced catalyst characterisation, mechanistic and kinetic studies over model and real systems, strategies for large-scale catalyst production, mini-plant tests with a technical catalyst, and reactor design. Future perspectives, challenges, and needs in the field of catalysed Cl2 production are discussed. Scenarios motivating the choice between catalysed HCl oxidation and HCl electrolysis or their integration for optimal chlorine recycling technology are put forward.
Dissolving Perfluoropolymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDissolving Perfluoropolymers in Supercritical Carbon DioxideWilliam H. Tuminello, Gregory T. Dee, and Mark A. McHughCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5, 1506–1510Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00109a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00109a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views572Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acoustic desensitization of single-mode fibers utilizing nickel coatings (1982)

The pressure sensitivity of the phase of light propagating in a single-mode fiber coated with a thin nickel jacket is determined both analytically and experimentally. The measured acoustic response of the fiber is found to be 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the bare fiber, in agreement with analytical predictions. The technique thus appears to be a promising way for desensitizing optical-fiber leads for use with fiber-optic sensors.