gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Hepatocellular carcinoma and mimickers (2019)

Gadoxetic acid, a hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, has emerged as an important tool for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI is useful for the evaluation of earlystage HCC, diagnosis of HCC precursor lesions, and highly sensitive diagnosis of HCC. Furthermore, functional information provided by gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI can aid in the characterization of focal liver lesions. For example, whereas lesions lack functioning hepatocytes appear hypointense in the hepatobiliary phase, preserved or enhanced expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides in some HCCs as well as focal nodular hyperplasia lead to hyperintensity in the hepatobiliary phase; and a targetoid appearance on transitional phase or hepatobiliary phase imaging can be helpful for identifying the histopathological composition of tumors. While gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI may improve the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis and provide new insights into the characterization of focal liver lesions, there are many challenges associated with its use. This article reviews the pros and cons of HCC diagnosis with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and discuss some clues in the radiological differentiation of HCC from HCC mimickers.
Inhibin, Activin and Follistatin in Human Reproductive Physiology (2001)

Development of immunoassays for inhibin, activin and follistatin, L.W. Evans and N.P. Groome endocrine, autocrine and paracrine actions of inhibin, activin and follistatin on follicle-stimulating hormone, V. Padmanabhan and C. West regulation of production and intraovarian roles of inhibin, activin and follistatin, P.G. Knight and C. Glister inhibin, activin and follistatin in human pregnancy, S. Muttukrishna follistatin -from puberty to menopause, D.J. Phillips et al inhibin and activin in the male, W. Ledger measurement of inhibin and activin - a diagnostic tool in female reproductive endocrinology?, G. Lockwood clinical utility of inhibin/activin subunits in the immunopathology of gonadal tissue, S. Manek activin receptors and their mechanism of action, C.M. Zimmerman and L.S. Mathews transgenic mouse models to study inhibin and activin, T.M. Pierson and M.M. Matzuk.
Evidence Theory and Fuzzy Relational Calculus in Estimation of HealthEffects Due to Air Pollution (2013)

Abstract. With an overall objective of establishing association between air pollutants and incidence of respiratory diseases, the environmental professionals and medical practitioners have made significant contribution, using statistical mechanics in modelling epidemiological data, population characteristics, and pollution parameters. Broadly speaking, the studies have shown that the increase in vehicular traffic has been one of the causes of respiratory diseases. However, the WHO Centre for Environment and Health, Europe in its 2005 document states: “There is little evidence for a causal relationship between asthma prevalence/incidence and air pollution in general, though the evidence is suggestive of a causal association between the prevalence/incidence of asthma symptoms and living in close proximity to traffic”. Decision making process in a real world is invariably based on perceptions which are expressed in words or may be in numeric terms and not in probability terms. In the paper, we made an attempt to model the perceptions of experienced pulmonologists in arriving at their combined degree of belief/plausibility/ignorance for all the possible combinations of identified respiratory diseases, using evidence theory and fuzzy relational calculus without collecting sizeable parametric data accumulated over a period of years. Tightening pollution norms by the regulatory authorities is an overall objective of the global efforts on greenhouse gases (GHS) reduction in general, and air pollution mitigation in particular. The concept of solar battery operated electric vehicles (SBOEV) for road transport is advocated, initially for two/three wheelers, and extending it to four wheelers, especially in the developing countries.
The catalytic cycle of P‐glycoprotein (1995)

P-glycoprotein is a plasma-membrane glycoprotein which confers multidrug-resistance on cells and displays ATP-driven drug-pumping in vitro. It contains two nucleotide-binding domains, and its structure places it in the 'ABC transporter' family. We review recent evidence that both nucleotide-sites bind and hydrolyse Mg-ATP. The two catalytic sites interact strongly. A minimal scheme for the MgATP hydrolysis reaction is presented. An alternating catalytic sites scheme is proposed, in which drug transport is coupled to relaxation of a high-energy catalytic site conformation generated by the hydrolysis step. Other ABC transporters may show similar catalytic features.
Syringolin A Selectively Labels the 20 S Proteasome in Murine EL4 and Wild‐Type and Bortezomib‐Adapted Leukaemic Cell Lines (2009)

The natural product syringolin A (SylA) is a potent proteasome inhibitor with promising anticancer activities. To further investigate its potential as a lead structure, selectivity profiling with cell lysates was performed. At therapeutic concentrations, a rhodamine-tagged SylA derivative selectively bound to the 20 S proteasome active sites without detectable off-target labelling. Additional profiling with lysates of wild-type and bortezomib-adapted leukaemic cell lines demonstrated the retention of this proteasome target and subsite selectivity as well as potency even in clinically relevant cell lines. Our studies, therefore, propose that further development of SylA might indeed result in an improved small molecule for the treatment of leukaemia.
Evidence for Early Defects in Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Before the Onset of Glucose Dysregulation in Obese Youths (2012)

We sought to determine whether obese adolescents with high-"normal" 2-h post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose levels display defects in insulin secretion and sensitivity associated with future development of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and insulin secretion by applying mathematical modeling during the hyperglycemic clamp in 60 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) obese adolescents, divided into three groups based on the 2-h glucose values (<100, 100-119, 120-139 mg/dL), and in 21 IGT obese adolescents. Glucose tolerance was reevaluated after 2 years. Insulin sensitivity decreased significantly across 2-h glucose NGT categories, while the highest NGT category and IGT group were similar. First-phase insulin secretion decreased across NGT categories, while no difference was found between the highest NGT group and IGT subjects. Second-phase secretion was similar across all NGT and IGT groups. The disposition index ((C)DI) decreased across NGT categories, while no difference was observed between the highest NGT and IGT subjects. Age and (C)DI were the best predictors of 2-h glucose after two years. Across rising categories of normal 2-h glucose levels, NGT obese adolescents exhibit significant impairment of β-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity associated with the development of IGT.
Novel human Ab against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 shows therapeutic potential for leukemia and prostate cancer (2019)

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is highly expressed in tumor-associated endothelial cells, where it modulates tumor-promoting angiogenesis, and it is also found on the surface of tumor cells. Currently, there are no Ab therapeutics targeting VEGFR2 approved for the treatment of prostate cancer or leukemia. Therefore, development of novel efficacious anti-VEGFR2 Abs will benefit cancer patients. We used the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology human Ab library and affinity maturation to develop a fully human Ab, anti-VEGFR2-AF, which shows excellent VEGFR2 binding activity. Anti-VEGFR2-AF bound Ig-like domain 3 of VEGFR2 extracellular region to disrupt the interaction between VEGF-A and VEGFR2, neutralizing downstream signaling of the receptor. Moreover, anti-VEGFR2-AF inhibited capillary structure formation and exerted Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro. We found that VEGFR2 is expressed in PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line and associated with malignancy and metastasis of human prostate cancer. In a PC-3 xenograft mouse model, treatment with anti-VEGFR2-AF repressed tumor growth and angiogenesis as effectively and safely as US FDA-approved anti-VEGFR2 therapeutic, ramucirumab. We also report for the first time that addition of anti-VEGFR2 Ab can enhance the efficacy of docetaxel in the treatment of a prostate cancer mouse model. In HL-60 human leukemia-xenografted mice, anti-VEGFR2-AF showed better efficacy than ramucirumab with prolonged survival and reduced metastasis of leukemia cells to ovaries and lymph nodes. Our findings suggest that anti-VEGFR2-AF has strong potential as a cancer therapy that could directly target VEGFR2-expressing tumor cells in addition to its anti-angiogenic action.
Recombinant pharmaceuticals from microbial cells: a 2015 update (2016)

Diabetes, growth or clotting disorders are among the spectrum of human diseases related to protein absence or malfunction. Since these pathologies cannot be yet regularly treated by gene therapy, the administration of functional proteins produced ex vivo is required. As both protein extraction from natural producers and chemical synthesis undergo inherent constraints that limit regular large-scale production, recombinant DNA technologies have rapidly become a choice for therapeutic protein production. The spectrum of organisms exploited as recombinant cell factories has expanded from the early predominating Escherichia coli to alternative bacteria, yeasts, insect cells and especially mammalian cells, which benefit from metabolic and protein processing pathways similar to those in human cells. Up to date, around 650 protein drugs have been worldwide approved, among which about 400 are obtained by recombinant technologies. Other 1300 recombinant pharmaceuticals are under development, with a clear tendency towards engineered versions with improved performance and new functionalities regarding the conventional, plain protein species. This trend is exemplified by the examination of the contemporary protein-based drugs developed for cancer treatment.
Analysis of key typing process using hand position process (2003)

This research is analysis about the key typing process using multi point measurement data. These research for learning system about key typing. The authors measure hand motion during key typing, and they can simulate about hand motion using key typed data and connection about key with finger. In this paper, the authors propose relevant experiments and analysis.
The Effect of pH-adjusted Gold Colloids on the Formation of Gold Clusters over APTMS-coated Silica Cores (2006)

An electrostatic interaction is responsible for the attachment of gold seeds of 1-3 nm onto APTMS (3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane)-coated silica cores in the formation of gold clusters. A surface plasmon resonance and morphology of gold clusters were significantly affected by the pH of gold colloids prepared by THPC reducing agent. Gold colloids of alkaline pH induced the heterogeneous deposition of gold seeds onto the silica nanoparticles, probably due to the continuous reduction of residual gold ions during the attachment process. Gold colloids of acidic pH induced the monodisperse deposition of gold seeds, consequently leading to the formation of smooth gold layer on the silica nanoparticles surface. The gold nanoshells (core radius = 80 nm) prepared by gold colloids of pH 3.1 exhibited the more red-shift and relatively stronger intensity of plasmon absorption bands, compared with gold nanoshells prepared by alkaline gold colloids of pH 9.7.
Selectivity characteristics of potentiometric carbon dioxide sensors with various gas membrane materials (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivity characteristics of potentiometric carbon dioxide sensors with various gas membrane materialsR. K. Kobos, S. J. Parks, and M. E. MeyerhoffCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 12, 1976–1980Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00249a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00249a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Renfe regala postales y semillas y TMB presenta su plan medioambiental (2007)

The results of this study show that participation of retired older adults in support groups can significantly improve all components of retirement syndrome, leading to an improvement in their quality of life and satisfaction.
Understanding user situational relevance in ranking web search results (2017)

Relevance plays a key role in determining how ranking features are weighed in rank algorithms. In particular, the Search Engine Result Page (SERP) presents documents from the algorithmic relevance perspective. User relevance, however, is situational and describes the searcher's perception of the contextual document which is interpreted at rank time. Therefore, without it the monotonic decreasing click trend portrayed by rank algorithms will not hold for real time searchers. Instead, users select low ranked documents over high ones or reject the ranking, leading to frustration and several re-query tasks. To understand users situational relevance (USR), we formulate a decreasing probability function to measure each user's personalized probabilistic relevance (PPR). Next, we find an aggregated PPR representing the USR across several query categories. Then, we apply maximum probabilities swapping to modify the rank function and re-rank documents. Finally, we use Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG) and click weight metrics for evaluation. Our results show that a clear interpretation and incorporation of user situational relevance improves click satisfaction by 12.86%, and optimizes click through rate up to 42%.
New Directional Drilling With Liner Systems Allows Logging and Directional Control While Getting Casing Across Trouble Zones (2010)

Abstract In deepwater and other challenging environments, operators often have to drill through ‘problem zones.’ These zones could be rubble zones, tar zones, or just unstable pressure zones. In the past, operators often had to drill through these areas, lose drillstrings, and drill a sidetrack, hoping that they might be able to avoid these areas the second time. But with the advancement of steerable drilling liner systems, we now have a solution in place to tackle the toughest drilling challenges. With much of the equipment coming from field-proven technologies, the next generation of steerable liner systems is increasingly proving to be the answer to reducing nonproductive time. This technology will allow operators to drill well sections directionally with the liner string as part of their normal drilling operations and case off that section all in one trip. This paper highlights these steerable liner systems and illustrates their ability to outperform conventional casing while drilling systems.
Breaking the diffraction limit of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy by RESOLFT (2016)

We present a plane-scanning RESOLFT [reversible saturable/switchable optical (fluorescence) transitions] light-sheet (LS) nanoscope, which fundamentally overcomes the diffraction barrier in the axial direction via confinement of the fluorescent molecular state to a sheet of subdiffraction thickness around the focal plane. To this end, reversibly switchable fluorophores located right above and below the focal plane are transferred to a nonfluorescent state at each scanning step. LS-RESOLFT nanoscopy offers wide-field 3D imaging of living biological specimens with low light dose and axial resolution far beyond the diffraction barrier. We demonstrate optical sections that are thinner by 5-12-fold compared with their conventional diffraction-limited LS analogs.
Storage Futures Study: The Four Phases of Storage Deployment: A Framework for the Expanding Role of Storage in the U.S. Power System (2021)

This report is one in a series of NREL’s Storage Futures Study (SFS) publications. The SFS is a multiyear research project that explores the role and impact of energy storage in the evolution and operation of the U.S. power sector. The SFS is designed to examine the potential impact of energy storage technology advancement on the deployment of utility-scale storage and the adoption of distributed storage, and the implications for future power system infrastructure investment and operations. The research findings and supporting data will be published as a series of publications. The table on the next page lists the planned publications and specific research topics they will examine under the SFS. This report, the first in the SFS series, explores the roles and opportunities for new, cost-competitive stationary energy storage with a conceptual framework based on four phases of current and potential future storage deployment, and presents a value proposition for energy storage that could result in substantial new cost-effective deployments. This conceptual framework provides a broader context for consideration of the later reports in the series, including the detailed results of the modeling and analysis of power system evolution scenarios and their operational implications
Trans-sialidase activity of Photobacterium damsela  2,6-sialyltransferase and its application in the synthesis of sialosides (2009)

Trans-sialidases catalyze the transfer of a sialic acid from one sialoside to an acceptor to form a new sialoside. alpha2,3-Trans-sialidase activity was initially discovered in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and more recently was found in a multifunctional Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase PmST1. alpha2,8-Trans-sialidase activity was also described for a multifunctional Campylobacter jejuni sialyltransferase CstII. We report here the discovery of the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity of a previously reported recombinant truncated bacterial alpha2,6-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damsela (Delta15Pd2,6ST). This is the first time that the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity has ever been identified. Kinetic studies indicate that Delta15Pd2,6ST-catalyzed trans-sialidase reaction follows a ping-pong bi-bi reaction mechanism. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate, the product of sialyltransferase reactions, is not required by the trans-sialidase activity of the enzyme but enhances the trans-sialidase activity modestly as a non-essential activator. Using chemically synthesized Neu5AcalphapNP and LacbetaMU, alpha2,6-linked sialoside Neu5Acalpha2,6LacbetaMU has been obtained in one-step in high yield using the trans-sialidase activity of Delta15Pd2,6ST. In addition to the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity, Delta15Pd2,6ST also has alpha2,6-sialidase activity. The multifunctionality is thus a common feature of many bacterial sialyltransferases.
Multi-Scale Rank-Permutation Change Localization (2007)

Prediction of equipment remaining useful life (RUL) is of considerable economic benefit to industry, by permitting the avoidance of unscheduled downtime and costly secondary damage. Detection of change is an important first step in building a prognostic system: when a detectable fault occurs, it will cause changes in one or more sensed parameters of the system. Once a change has been detected, localizing the time of change (presumably the time of fault onset), can contribute to the estimate of RUL in two ways. First, it may make the RUL estimate more accurate. Second, and independent of estimate accuracy, it may make the prognostic estimate more precise by reducing the variance of the estimate. This paper describes an approach for localizing the time of change in time series data. The performance of the system is assessed using synthetic data that closely matches the characteristics of real-world data. However, the synthetic data is deterministically labeled, so algorithm performance can accurately be assessed. The approach presented requires low computational power at runtime, an important feature for on-wing application that combines the rank transformation of data, randomization tests inspired by the work of Fisher and Pitman, and fusion of multi-scale estimates to result in a fast and accurate localization of change.
Morbilidad, Mortalidad,Indice Ocupacional y Estadía Hospitalaria en Servicios de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas (1999)

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de la morbilidad, mortalidad, estadía e índice ocupacional del Servicio de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Hospital Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de evaluar su evolución en 23 años (1972-1994). Se observó un incremento de la morbilidad hasta 1984 y luego un descenso progresivo hasta la actualidad. La mortalidad disminuyó progresivamente hasta la ausencia de fallecimientos en los últimos 4 años. El índice ocupacional se mantuvo cerca del 70 % en los momentos en que el Servicio contó con 120 y 60 camas, respectivamente, y se redujo aproximadamente al 50 % a partir de 1992, cuando la dotación de camas se limitó a 30. La estadía, que era alrededor de 9 días al principio del período, resultó ser de 4 en el último trienio. Se considera que la evolución positiva de tales indicadores se debe a una mejor calidad en el tratamiento de estas enfermedades, y se relacionan algunos de los elementos que lo han hehco posible.<br>A retrospective and descriotive study of morbidity, mortality, stay length and bed occupancy rate was conducted at the Service of Acute Diarrheal Diseases of the South Pediatric Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba, in order to evaluate its evolution in a period of 23 years (1972-1994). An increase of morbidity was observed until 1984 and then a progressive decrease up to now. There was a gradual reduction of mortality and no deaths have been reported during the last 4 years. The bed occupancy rate was at about 70 % when the Service had 120 and 60 beds, respectively, and there was a reduction of nearly 50 % when the number of bed was limited to 30. Stay length that was approximately 9 days at the beginning of the period proved to be 4 in the last 3 years. It is considered that the positive evolution of these indicators is the result of a better quality in the treatment of these diseases. Some of the elements that made it possible are mentioned here.