gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic (HFVS): optimal phase encoding selection (2005)

The fidelity of source separation of the HFVS technology depends on the design of a vibrator phase encoding scheme. A good design of the phase encoding scheme leads to a better source separation that, in turns, produces a better data quality. HFVS requires multiple vibrators to sweep simultaneously to generate a multi‐vibrator gather. Within a vibrator array, each vibrator has a unique phase rotation encoded in the sweep. This process is repeated for multiple sweeps at the same source locations. The combinations of multiple vibrators and sweeps create a large number of phase‐encoding schemes to choose from. To our knowledge, we have not found any significant research on selecting an optimal phase‐encoding scheme in the literature. We present a simple and effective method to identify a best phase‐encoding scheme from a suite of models. The method involves synthetic modeling of phase‐encoding schemes, inversion to separate multi‐vibrator gathers into a single source gather, and singular‐value analysis of the vibrator‐sweep matrix. We applied this method on synthetic and real data to illustrate how to obtain a best phase‐encoding scheme from a suite of models.
Enhancing Seated Stability Using Trunk Support Trainer (TruST) (2017)

Dynamic seated trunk control is required during the execution of many everyday tasks. These tasks require an intricate coordination between the head, upper and lower trunk, and the pelvis. Furthermore, reaching beyond the arm's length requires precise joint control and intersegmental coordination. With practice specificity, humans can learn particular motor skills that may be performed across contexts of similar characteristics. As new tasks are explored, human movements are learned and organized by the release and constraint of degrees-of-freedom, and the modulation of joint amplitudes that are specific to the task demands. Thus, by providing seated reach training without foot support that challenges postural control close to and beyond the stability limits or point of stability failure, an individual with an optimal level of trunk assistance could improve postural control by increasing the range of motion of the trunk and expand the boundaries that define the point of stability failure. We have developed a novel cable robotic device, trunk support trainer (TruST), which allows training of seated posture at and beyond an individual's point of stability failure during volitional trunk displacement. This is accomplished by creating a force tunnel to support posture beyond the sitting stability region. The system provides an assist-as-needed force strategy to support the trunk. We conducted a proof-of-concept study with 20 healthy adult subjects (10 experimental and 10 control) to investigate the changes in lower trunk center of mass (COM) displacement and trunk kinematics. Our study supports the hypothesis that a single training session with TruST at and beyond the point of stability failure increases lower trunk COM displacement and increases the lower trunk and pelvic rotation. The findings suggest that this approach may be useful for training patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders where children or adults have compromised postural stability.
Cancer detection using NIR elastic light scattering and tissue fluorescence imaging (2001)

Summary form only given. The feasibility of developing surface or near surface cancer detection methods using near infrared (NIR) light scattering and/or tissue fluorescence is the focus of the investigation. Two main imaging approaches are explored: a) NIR polarized elastic light scattering and b) fluorescence in the NIR spectral region under laser excitation in the green and red spectral regions.
Bioisosteric Transformations and Permutations in the Triazolopyrimidine Scaffold To Identify the Minimum Pharmacophore Required for Inhibitory Activity against<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (2012)

Plasmodium falciparum causes approximately 1 million deaths annually. However, increasing resistance imposes a continuous threat to existing drug therapies. We previously reported a number of potent and selective triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitors of P. falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase that inhibit parasite in vitro growth with similar activity. Lead optimization of this series led to the recent identification of a preclinical candidate, showing good activity against P. falciparum in mice. As part of a backup program around this scaffold, we explored heteroatom rearrangement and substitution in the triazolopyrimidine ring and have identified several other ring configurations that are active as PfDHODH inhibitors. The imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines were shown to bind somewhat more potently than the triazolopyrimidines depending on the nature of the amino aniline substitution. DSM151, the best candidate in this series, binds with 4-fold better affinity (PfDHODH IC(50) = 0.077 μM) than the equivalent triazolopyrimidine and suppresses parasites in vivo in the Plasmodium berghei model.
Antineoplastic agents 285. Isolation and structures of cephalostatins 14 and 15 (1994)

The tube-inhabiting marine worm, Cephalodiscus gilchristi has been found to produce a series of cytotoxic and antineoplastic disteroidal alkaloids. A substantial study concerned with discovery of new cell growth inhibitory constituents of this marine animal has led to isolation of cephalostatins 14 (5a) and 15 (5b). The structures were determined by interpretation of spectral data, principally high-field (400 and 500 MHz) NMR and HRFABMS combined with NMR spectral relationships to cephalostatin 1 (4) where the structure was previously assigned by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The stereochemical assignments were established employing the ROESY NMR technique. Both new cephalostatins significantly inhibited growth of the P388 lymphocytic leukemia and a selection of human cancer cell lines. The two new cephalostatins further enhance knowledge of structure–activity parameters for these potentially important steroidal alkaloids.
Temporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for low numerical aperture micromachining through optically transparent materials (2010)

Temporal focusing of spatially chirped femtosecond laser pulses overcomes previous limitations for ablating high aspect ratio features with low numerical aperture (NA) beams. Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing reduces nonlinear interactions, such as self-focusing, prior to the focal plane so that deep (approximately 1 mm) features with parallel sidewalls are ablated at high material removal rates (25 microm(3) per 80 microJ pulse) at 0.04-0.05 NA. This technique is applied to the fabrication of microfluidic devices by ablation through the back surface of thick (6 mm) fused silica substrates. It is also used to ablate bone under aqueous immersion to produce craniotomies.
A feature calibration method for watermarking of document images (1999)

This paper describes a feature calibration scheme for use in embedding and detecting watermarks in document images. Such watermarks have a variety of uses, including copyright protection, content identification, and tamper-proofing. In general, a watermark is encoded as a displacement of certain features that can be extracted from target document images. One of the technical challenges is reliable detection of the displacement when images are distorted by print-and-scan processes. We propose a calibration method that uses the difference between a two features extracted from two sets of partitions arranged symmetrically. Since this method counter-balances the cumulative effects on the features of distortions added in the print-and-scan process, the displacement can be reliably detected. The feasibility of the method was investigated by using the average width of character strokes is used as a feature.
Heritability of Abnormalities in Cardiopulmonary Coupling in Sleep Apnea: Use of an Electrocardiogram-based Technique (2010)

Approximately 30% of the variability of e-LFC, measured from a continuous ECG during sleep, is explained by familial factors other than BMI. ECG-based spectrographic measures of cardiopulmonary coupling may provide novel phenotypes for characterizing subgroups of individuals with different propensities and genetic etiologies for sleep apnea or for other conditions associated with sleep fragmentation.
Tensor transmission-line metamaterials and their applications (2011)

This paper presents two different unit cell topologies for tensor transmission-line (TL) metamaterials. These metamaterials can exhibit tensorial material properties unlike their TL metamaterial predecessors which could only exhibit diagonal material parameters. Circuit simulations of a field rotator device implemented using tensor TL metamaterial are also presented to show the utility and potential of these recently developed metamaterials.
Z-Meandering Miniaturized Patch Antenna Using Additive Manufacturing (2020)

Additive manufacturing has been shown as a successful technology for the rapid prototyping of microwave devices and antennas. 3D printing capabilities enable design freedom with cost-effective prototype iterations, as well as exploring new 3D shapes that overcomes the 2D design constraints. In this paper, a 3D Z-meandering antenna miniaturization technique is presented. The resonance frequencies are 5 GHz and 4.6 GHz, for the 2D and 3D patch antennas, respectively, by keeping up the same ground plane and patch radius. The antennas are manufactured using fused deposition modeling of ABS and DuPont CB028 silver ink for the conductive layers.
Fatty Acid-binding Proteins Transport N-Acylethanolamines to Nuclear Receptors and Are Targets of Endocannabinoid Transport Inhibitors (2011)

N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are bioactive lipids that engage diverse receptor systems. Recently, we identified fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) as intracellular NAE carriers. Here, we provide two new functions for FABPs in NAE signaling. We demonstrate that FABPs mediate the nuclear translocation of the NAE oleoylethanolamide, an agonist of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Antagonism of FABP function through chemical inhibition, dominant-negative approaches, or shRNA-mediated knockdown reduced PPARα activation, confirming a requisite role for FABPs in this process. In addition, we show that NAE analogs, traditionally employed as inhibitors of the putative endocannabinoid transmembrane transporter, target FABPs. Support for the existence of the putative membrane transporter stems primarily from pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid uptake by such transport inhibitors, which are widely employed in endocannabinoid research despite lacking a known cellular target(s). Our approach adapted FABP-mediated PPARα signaling and employed in vitro binding, arachidonoyl-[1-(14)C]ethanolamide ([(14)C]AEA) uptake, and FABP knockdown to demonstrate that transport inhibitors exert their effects through inhibition of FABPs, thereby providing a molecular rationale for the underlying physiological effects of these compounds. Identification of FABPs as targets of transport inhibitors undermines the central pharmacological support for the existence of an endocannabinoid transmembrane transporter.
A Physics-Based Signal Processing Approach for Noninvasive Ultrasonic Characterization of Multiphase Oil–Water–Gas Flows in a Pipe (2020)

A signal processing technique is presented for determining the composition of multiphase oil-water-gas flow in a pipe using noninvasive ultrasonic speed of sound measurements from a transmitter-receiver pair bonded to diametrically opposite sides of a pipe. A linear chirp excitation is used to send broadband ultrasonic energy that propagates in two paths from transmitter to receiver such as: 1) a wave through the pipe wall and then the multiphase mixture and 2) ultrasonic guided waves along the pipe wall in the circumferential direction. As the ultrasonic attenuation of the multiphase mixture increases, the amplitude of the signal through the fluid mixture decreases relative to that of circumferential guided waves, making it difficult to determine the time of arrival of the fluid-path signal and, hence, the speed of sound in the mixture. The proposed signal processing technique overcomes this challenge by using: 1) a guided wave subtraction approach to suppress the strength of guided wave signals relative to the fluid-path signal and 2) a Gaussian reconstruction approach for synthetic enhancement of the fluid-path signal by output signal reconstruction at frequencies corresponding to peak transmission of ultrasonic energy. The efficacy of the technique is demonstrated using experiments carried out in a field-scale flow loop with varying compositions of oil-water-gas mixtures. It is shown that the proposed approach can enhance the signal detectability by approximately 20 dB in comparison with the traditional approach that does not utilize guided wave subtraction and also improves the gas tolerance of composition measurements up to 20% in gas volume fraction.
The Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl <i>Tert</i>‐butyl Ether Under Pd/ZnO and Visible Light Irradiation (2014)

Methyl tert-butyl ether is a commonly used fuel oxygenate that is present in gasoline. It was introduced to eliminate the use of leaded gasoline and to improve the octane quality because it aids in the complete combustion of fuel by supplying oxygen during the combustion process. Over the past decade, the use of MTBE has increased tremendously worldwide. For obvious reasons relating to accidental spillage, MTBE started to appear as an environmental and human health threat because of its nonbiodegradable nature and carcinogenic potential, respectively. In this work, MTBE was degraded with the help of an advanced oxidation process through the use of zinc oxide as a photocatalyst in the presence of visible light. A mixture of 200 mg of zinc oxide in 350 mL of 50 ppm MTBE aqueous solution was irradiated with visible light for a given time. The complete degradation of MTBE was recorded, and approximately 99% photocatalytic degradation of 100 ppm MTBE solution was observed. Additionally, the photoactivity of 1% Pd-doped ZnO was tested under similar conditions to understand the effect of Pd doping on ZnO. Our results obtained under visible light irradiation are very promising, and they could be further explored for the degradation of several nondegradable environmental pollutants.
Development and Evaluation of an Ovine Antibody-Based Platform for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection (2011)

Treatment of Clostridium difficile is a major problem as a hospital-associated infection which can cause severe, recurrent diarrhea. The currently available antibiotics are not effective in all cases and alternative treatments are required. In the present study, an ovine antibody-based platform for passive immunotherapy of C. difficile infection is described. Antibodies with high toxin-neutralizing titers were generated against C. difficile toxins A and B and were shown to neutralize three sequence variants of these toxins (toxinotypes) which are prevalent in human C. difficile infection. Passive immunization of hamsters with a mixture of toxin A and B antibodies protected them from a challenge with C. difficile spores in a dose-dependent manner. Antibodies to both toxins A and B were required for protection. The administration of toxin A and B antibodies up to 24 h postchallenge was found to reduce significantly the onset of C. difficile infection compared to nonimmunized controls. Protection from infection was also demonstrated with key disease isolates (ribotypes 027 and 078), which are members of the hypervirulent C. difficile clade. The ribotype 027 and 078 strains also have the capacity to produce an active binary toxin and these data suggest that neutralization of this toxin is unnecessary for the management of infection induced by these strains. In summary, the data suggest that ovine toxin A and B antibodies may be effective in the treatment of C. difficile infection; their potential use for the management of severe, fulminant cases is discussed.
Continuous sampling from distributed streams (2012)

A fundamental problem in data management is to draw and maintain a sample of a large data set, for approximate query answering, selectivity estimation, and query planning. With large, streaming data sets, this problem becomes particularly difficult when the data is shared across multiple distributed sites. The main challenge is to ensure that a sample is drawn uniformly across the union of the data while minimizing the communication needed to run the protocol on the evolving data. At the same time, it is also necessary to make the protocol lightweight, by keeping the space and time costs low for each participant. In this article, we present communication-efficient protocols for continuously maintaining a sample (both with and without replacement) from k distributed streams. These apply to the case when we want a sample from the full streams, and to the sliding window cases of only the W most recent elements, or arrivals within the last w time units. We show that our protocols are optimal (up to logarithmic factors), not just in terms of the communication used, but also the time and space costs for each participant.
ErbB2 Genetic Cancer Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates: Relevance of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (2009)

Aberrant Her2/neu expression is associated with the development of epithelial-derived human carcinomas and for this reason it is considered a good target for immunologic intervention. To define methods to circumvent immunologic tolerance and to elicit immunity against the Her2/neu tumor-associated antigen in a suitable animal model, we have isolated the cDNA encoding the rhesus monkey homolog of human Her2/neu (RhErbB2) to construct DNA plasmids and adenoviral vectors for the development of a cancer vaccine against this protein. To further increase the immunogenic potency of these vectors, a synthetic codon-optimized RhErbB2 cDNA (RhErbB2OPT) was constructed and characterized. Genetic vaccination of rhesus monkeys was effective in inducing a response against RhErbB2 in immunized animals; importantly, the elicited immunity was associated with natural RhErbB2 polymorphisms, thus distinguishing responses against "self " and "nonself " epitopes. In particular, the postpriming response recognized mainly nonself epitopes whereas the boosted response cross-reacted with self epitopes. Our findings are particularly relevant in the investigation of the impact of TAA polymorphisms on the efficacy of a cancer vaccine strategy.
Immobilization of Polymer-Decorated Liquid Crystal Droplets on Chemically Tailored Surfaces (2010)

We demonstrate that the assembly of an amphiphilic polyamine on the interfaces of micrometer-sized droplets of a thermotropic liquid crystal (LC) dispersed in aqueous solutions can be used to facilitate the immobilization of LC droplets on chemically functionalized surfaces. Polymer 1 was designed to contain both hydrophobic (alkyl-functionalized) and hydrophilic (primary and tertiary amine-functionalized) side chain functionality. The assembly of this polymer at the interfaces of aqueous dispersions of LC droplets was achieved by the spontaneous adsorption of polymer from aqueous solution. Polymer adsorption triggered transitions in the orientational ordering of the LCs, as observed by polarized light and bright-field microscopy. We demonstrate that the presence of polymer 1 on the interfaces of these droplets can be exploited to immobilize LC droplets on planar solid surfaces through covalent bond formation (e.g., for surfaces coated with polymer multilayers containing reactive azlactone functionality) or through electrostatic interactions (e.g., for surfaces coated with multilayers containing hydrolyzed azlactone functionality). The characterization of immobilized LC droplets by polarized, fluorescence, and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed the general spherical shape of the polymer-coated LC droplets to be maintained after immobilization, and that immobilization led to additional ordering transitions within the droplets that were dependent on the nature of the surfaces with which they were in contact. Polymer 1-functionalized LC droplets were not immobilized on polymer multilayers treated with poly(ethylene imine) (PEI). We demonstrate that the ability to design surfaces that promote or prevent the immobilization of polymer-functionalized LC droplets can be exploited to pattern the immobilization of LC droplets on surfaces. The results of this investigation provide the basis of an approach that could be used to tailor the properties of dispersed LC emulsions and to immobilize these droplets on functional surfaces of interest in a broad range of fundamental and applied contexts.
Early protection events in swine immunized with an experimental live attenuated classical swine fever marker vaccine, FlagT4G (2017)

Prophylactic vaccination using live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) vaccines has been a very effective method to control the disease in endemic regions and during outbreaks in previously disease-free areas. These vaccines confer effective protection against the disease at early times post-vaccination although the mechanisms mediating the protection are poorly characterized. Here we present the events occurring after the administration of our in-house developed live attenuated marker vaccine, FlagT4Gv. We previously reported that FlagT4Gv intramuscular (IM) administered conferred effective protection against intranasal challenge with virulent CSFV (BICv) as early as 7 days post-vaccination. Here we report that FlagT4Gv is able to induce protection against disease as early as three days post-vaccination. Immunohistochemical testing of tissues from FlagT4Gv-inoculated animals showed that tonsils were colonized by the vaccine virus by day 3 post-inoculation. There was a complete absence of BICv in tonsils of FlagT4Gv-inoculated animals which had been intranasal (IN) challenged with BICv 3 days after FlagT4Gv infection, confirming that FlagT4Gv inoculation confers sterile immunity. Analysis of systemic levels of 19 different cytokines in vaccinated animals demonstrated an increase of IFN-α three days after FlagT4Gv inoculation compared with mock infected controls.
The Complete Purification of Human Leucocyte Interferon (1980)

Human leucocyte interferon (HuLeIF) has now for the first time been purified by a series of techniques involving precipitation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography with Cu-chelate, blue dextran, and antibody. The two major species of HuLeIF were identified as two clearly separable and stainable proteins representing 85% of the biological activity with molecular weights of 18,400 and 20,180 daltons. Three more subspecies of HuLeIF were demonstrated with molecular weights of 19,500, 20,900 and 22,130 daltons, representing 15% of the biological activity. Specific activity of pure interferon is 2 x 10(9) interferon units/mg protein. Recovery was about 50%, and the purification factor exceeded 350,000.
Downlink Scheduling and Resource Allocation for OFDM Systems (2006)

We consider scheduling and resource allocation for the downlink of a OFDM-based wireless network. During each time-slot the scheduling and resource allocation problem involves selecting a subset of users for transmission, determining the assignment of available subcarriers to selected users, and for each subcarrier determining the transmission power and the coding and modulation scheme used. We address this in the context of a utility-based scheduling and resource allocation scheme presented in earlier papers. Scheduling and resource allocation is determined by solving an optimization problem, which is convex for a reasonable model of the feasible rates. By exploiting the structure of this problem, we give optimal and sub-optimal algorithms for its solution. We provide simulation results comparing different algorithms and parameter settings.