gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additively manufacturable micro-mechanical logic gates (2019)

Early examples of computers were almost exclusively based on mechanical devices. Although electronic computers became dominant in the past 60 years, recent advancements in three-dimensional micro-additive manufacturing technology provide new fabrication techniques for complex microstructures which have rekindled research interest in mechanical computations. Here we propose a new digital mechanical computation approach based on additively-manufacturable micro-mechanical logic gates. The proposed mechanical logic gates (i.e., NOT, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates) utilize multi-stable micro-flexures that buckle to perform Boolean computations based purely on mechanical forces and displacements with no electronic components. A key benefit of the proposed approach is that such systems can be additively fabricated as embedded parts of microarchitected metamaterials that are capable of interacting mechanically with their surrounding environment while processing and storing digital data internally without requiring electric power.
Directed vaccination against pneumococcal disease (2016)

Immunization strategies against commensal bacterial pathogens have long focused on eradicating asymptomatic carriage as well as disease, resulting in changes in the colonizing microflora with unknown future consequences. Additionally, current vaccines are not easily adaptable to sequence diversity and immune evasion. Here, we present a "smart" vaccine that leverages our current understanding of disease transition from bacterial carriage to infection with the pneumococcus serving as a model organism. Using conserved surface proteins highly expressed during virulent transition, the vaccine mounts an immune response specifically against disease-causing bacterial populations without affecting carriage. Aided by a delivery technology capable of multivalent surface display, which can be adapted easily to a changing clinical picture, results include complete protection against the development of pneumonia and sepsis during animal challenge experiments with multiple, highly variable, and clinically relevant pneumococcal isolates. The approach thus offers a unique and dynamic treatment option readily adaptable to other commensal pathogens.
Energy-Dissipating Composite Members with Progressive Failure: Concept Development and Analytical Modeling (2002)

A new concept for tailored, one-dimensional tensile composite members with sequential, progressive failure and yield-type response is presented. The concept is developed as a solution to a constrained arresting problem. Flexible composites, obtained by reinforcing an elastomeric matrix material with high-performance elastic fibers, are used to create a structure with redundant load paths and progressive failure. Three analytical models are developed for the prediction of response under stroke-controlled loading. The response of the tailored configuration is compared with that of conventional members of identical length, total cross-sectional area, and material properties. Analytical results confirm the predicted progressive failure sequence and yield-type response, as well as the increased energy-dissipation capability.
A Vapochromic Photodiode (1998)

A sandwich composed from indium−tin oxide, an electrodeposited hole transport layer, a layer of a stacked platinum complex, and an aluminum electrode acted as a photodiode. Exposure of the sandwich to organic vapors changed the color of the platinum complex and changed the action spectrum of the photodiode.
Evaluation in Swine of a Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Lacking the MGF-360-1L Gene (2020)

The African swine fever (ASF) pandemic is currently affecting pigs throughout Eurasia, resulting in significant swine production losses. The causative agent, ASF virus (ASFV), is a large, structurally complex virus with a genome encoding more than 160 genes. The function of most of those genes remains unknown. Here, we presented the previously uncharacterized ASFV gene MGF360-1L, the first gene in the genome. The kinetic studies of virus RNA transcription demonstrated that the MGF360-1L gene was transcribed as a late virus protein. The essentiality of MGF360-1L to virus replication was evaluated by developing a recombinant ASFV lacking the gene (ASFV-G-ΔMGF360-1L). In primary swine macrophage cell cultures, ASFV-G-ΔMGF360-1L showed similar replication kinetics as the parental highly virulent field isolate Georgia2007 (ASFV-G). Domestic pigs experimentally infected with ASFV-G-ΔMGF360-1L presented with a clinical disease indistinguishable from that caused by ASFV-G, demonstrating that MGF360-1L was not involved in virulence in swine, the natural host of ASFV.
Comparison of [18F]DCFPyL and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC for PSMA-PET Imaging in Patients with Relapsed Prostate Cancer (2015)

[(18)F]DCFPyL PET/CT provided a high image quality and visualized small prostate lesions with excellent sensitivity. [(18)F]DCFPyL represents a highly promising alternative to [(68)Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC for PSMA-PET/CT imaging in relapsed prostate cancer.
Systematic identification of engineered methionines and oxaziridines for efficient, stable, and site-specific antibody bioconjugation (2019)

Abstract Chemical modification of antibodies is one of the most important bioconjugations utilized by biologists and biotechnology. To date, the field has been dominated by random modification of lysines or more site-specific labeling of cysteines, each with attendant challenges. Recently we have developed oxaziridine chemistry for highly selective and efficient sulfimide modification of methionine called redox-activated chemical tagging (ReACT). Here, we systematically scanned methionines throughout one of the most popular antibody scaffolds, trastuzumab, for antibody engineering and drug conjugation. We tested the expression, reactivities, and stabilities of 123 single engineered methionines distributed over the surface of the antibody when reacted with oxaziridine. We found uniformly high expression for these mutants and generally good reaction efficiencies with the panel of oxaziridines. Remarkably, the stability to hydrolysis of the sulfimide varied more than ten-fold depending on temperature and the site of the engineered methionine. Interestingly, the most stable and reactive sites were those that were partially buried, likely because of their reduced access to water. There was also a ten-fold variation in stability depending on the nature of the oxaziridine, which we determined was inversely correlated with the electrophilic nature of the sulfimide. Importantly, the stabilities of the best analogs and antibody drug conjugate potencies were comparable to those reported for cysteine-maleimide modifications of trastuzumab. We also found our antibody drug conjugates to be potent in a breast cancer mouse xenograft model. These studies provide a roadmap for broad application of ReACT for efficient, stable, and site-specific antibody and protein bioconjugation.
Electrocardiographic Imaging: I. Effect of Torso Inhomogeneities on Body Surface Electrocardiographic Potentials (2001)

Effects of torso inhomogeneities on 12-lead ECGs are minimal, and the associated ECG changes fall within the range of normal interindividual variations.
Vitrified underground barriers (1991)

In situ vitrification (ISV), a process for remediation of underground wastes, is now being developed to generate vitrified underground barriers. In this application, clean soil surrounding a waste site will be vitrified in order to isolate the wastes from undesirable contact or transport. Laboratory-scale experiments have demonstrated the following: (1) a subsurface ISV melt can be initiated and maintained, resulting in a horizontal, planar, glass block; (2) the downward growth of a vertical ISV melt can be directed and controlled such that enhanced melt rate and limited outward growth is achieved, resulting in a vertical, planar, glass block; and (3) a vertical ISV metal can be vitrified to a subsurface horizontal ISV block, forming a bond that joins them into one continuous formation. The results from these experiments demonstrate the feasibility of generating vitrified underground barriers beside, beneath, and/or around a waste site. This paper focuses on the experimental results and includes some discussion of the need for vitrified underground barrier technology and the course of the project. 3 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.
LP34: AMPHIBIAN EPIDERMAL LIPOXYGENASE AMBLOXE ENHANCES MAMMALIAN WOUND HEALING IN VIVO (2010)

Menger, B.; Vogt, P.M.; Radtke, C.; Kuhbier, J.W.; Killat, J.; Reimers, K. Author Information
N-terminal truncations on L1 proteins of human papillomaviruses promote their soluble expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and self-assembly in vitro (2018)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent in genital warts and nearly all cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Nine HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) are associated with about 90% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. HPV neutralization by vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies can block viral infection and prevent HPV-associated diseases. However, there is only one commercially available HPV vaccine, Gardasil 9, produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that covers all nine types, raising the need for microbial production of broad-spectrum HPV vaccines. Here, we investigated whether N-terminal truncations of the major HPV capsid proteins L1, improve their soluble expression in Escherichia coli. We found that N-terminal truncations promoted the soluble expression of HPV 33 (truncated by 10 amino acids [aa]), 52 (15 aa), and 58 (10 aa). The resultant HPV L1 proteins were purified in pentamer form and extensively characterized with biochemical, biophysical, and immunochemical methods. The pentamers self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro, and 3D cryo-EM reconstructions revealed that all formed T = 7 icosahedral particles having 50-60-nm diameters. Moreover, we formulated a nine-valent HPV vaccine candidate with aluminum adjuvant and L1 VLPs from four genotypes used in this study and five from previous work. Immunogenicity assays in mice and non-human primates indicated that this HPV nine-valent vaccine candidate elicits neutralizing antibody titers comparable to those induced by Gardasil 9. Our study provides a method for producing a nine-valent HPV vaccine in E. coli and may inform strategies for the soluble expression of other vaccine candidates.
Advances in the generation of mouse models to elucidate the pathways of drug metabolism in rodents and man (2009)

Animal models remain a cornerstone of drug development; however, such studies have a major limitation in that pathways of drug metabolism can vary markedly from those in humans, resulting in profound species differences in drug efficacy, tox-icity and pharmacokinetics. Advances in transgenic technology have now allowed the generation of animal models, in which endogenous enzymes are replaced with their human counterparts, thereby creat-ing a system that more closely reflects the human situation. In this article, we will describe advances in this research area, focusing on the strengths and limitations of recent mouse models that will undoubt-edly assist in overcoming some of the issues associated with species-specific differences in drug-metabolism studies.An adaptive response system has evolved in mammalian species, which protects them against a chemically challenging environment. This detoxification system consists of a complex network of xeno-receptors, drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters, and it does not differentiate between synthetic chemicals, drugs or environmental toxins. Although transporters undoubtedly play an impor-tant role in drug disposition, they will not be discussed further in this article and the reader is referred to recent publica-tions
The radioprotector WR1065 reduces radiation-induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus in V79 cells (1985)

N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (WR1065) protects against radiation-induced cell killing and mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) locus in V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells. At a concentration of 4 mM, WR1065 was found to be effective in protecting against radiation-induced cell lethality only if present during irradiation, e.g., a dose modification factor (DMF) of 1.9. No protective effect was observed if the protector was added within 5 min after irradiation or 3 h later, e.g., DMFs of 1.0 and 1.1, respectively. The effect of WR1065 on radiation-induced mutation, expressed as resistance to the cytotoxic purine analogue 6-thioguanine (HGPRT), was also investigated. In contrast to the treatment-schedule dependence for protection by WR1065 against cell killing, this agent was effective in reducing radiation-induced mutations regardless of when it was administered. Following a dose of 10 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays, the mutation frequencies observed per 10(6) survivors were 77 +/- 8, 27 +/- 6, 42 +/- 7, and 42 +/- 7 for radiation only, and WR1065 present during, immediately after, or 3 h after irradiation. These data suggest that although a segment of radiation-induced damage leading to reproductive death cannot be modulated through the postirradiation action of WR1065, processes leading to the fixation of gross genetic damage and mutation induction in surviving cells can be effectively altered and interfered with leading to a marked reduction in mutation frequency.
Application of an in vivo culture system for rapid demonstration of anti-Leishmania activity of monoclonal antibodies (1987)

In mice, infection with Leishmania by the subcutaneous route becomes evident after about 2 months. This delay impedes the selection of monoclonal antibodies able to interfere with the infectiousness of the parasite. Using an in vivo culture system--intraperitoneal injection of TG 180 sarcoma cells along with promastigotes or amastigotes--it was possible to define within 15 to 20 days a monoclonal antibody preventing the development of Leishmania. Pretreatment of promastigotes and amastigotes of several Leishmania species with a monoclonal antibody raised against Leishmania infantum prevented infection equally in either system. These cross-reactions may be of importance in designing new approaches of immunotherapy.
Bismuth Substituted Strontium Cobalt Perovskites for Catalyzing Oxygen Evolution (2020)

In this study, we employ the concept of inductive effect through substitution with more electronegative/Lewis acidic A-site ions in the cobalt perovskites to alter the O 2p band center and surface hydroxide affinity to promote oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and high stability in the basic electrolyte. Galvanostatically charged (fully oxidized, δ ≈ 0) Bi0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ was shown to exhibit record OER specific activity exceeding not only LaxSr1–xCoO3-δ but also oxidized SrCoO3-δ, one of the most active oxide OER catalysts reported so far. The enhanced OER kinetics of the oxidized Bi0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ is attributed to greater hydroxide affinity facilitating the deprotonation of surface bound intermediates due to the presence of strong Lewis acidic A-site Bi3+ ions. In addition, no amorphization or compositional change was observed for the surface of the fully oxidized Bi0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ after OER, where high structural stability is attributed to the higher Fermi level relative to the O 2p band center of Bi0.2Sr0.8CoO3-δ than that of SrCoO3-δ as evidenced by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work provides a novel example in the design of highly active oxide catalysts for OER by leveraging the inductive effect.
Anti-EBOV GP IgGs Lacking α1-3-Galactose and Neu5Gc Prolong Survival and Decrease Blood Viral Load in EBOV-Infected Guinea Pigs (2016)

Polyclonal xenogenic IgGs, although having been used in the prevention and cure of severe infectious diseases, are highly immunogenic, which may restrict their usage in new applications such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. IgG glycans display powerful xenogeneic antigens in humans, for example α1-3 Galactose and the glycolyl form of neuraminic acid Neu5Gc, and IgGs deprived of these key sugar epitopes may represent an advantage for passive immunotherapy. In this paper, we explored whether low immunogenicity IgGs had a protective effect on a guinea pig model of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. For this purpose, a double knock-out pig lacking α1-3 Galactose and Neu5Gc was immunized against virus-like particles displaying surface EBOV glycoprotein GP. Following purification from serum, hyper-immune polyclonal IgGs were obtained, exhibiting an anti-EBOV GP titer of 1:100,000 and a virus neutralizing titer of 1:100. Guinea pigs were injected intramuscularly with purified IgGs on day 0 and day 3 post-EBOV infection. Compared to control animals treated with IgGs from non-immunized double KO pigs, the anti-EBOV IgGs-treated animals exhibited a significantly prolonged survival and a decreased virus load in blood on day 3. The data obtained indicated that IgGs lacking α1-3 Galactose and Neu5Gc, two highly immunogenic epitopes in humans, have a protective effect upon EBOV infection.
A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay of the Bacterium<i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>in Channel Catfish (2003)

A rapid (4.5-h) and sensitive assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to facilitate the early detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. A 129-base-pair fragment of a sequence specific to E. ictaluri was amplified with both standard and real-time (quantitative) PCR. The sensitivity of detection was determined to be as low as the equivalent of 2.5 cells in DNA samples from both E. ictaluri cells and mixtures of blood from noninfected catfish and E. ictaluri cells. Infection levels (as determined by real-time PCR) in blood from experimentally challenged fish were compared with brain–heart-infusion-cultured bacterial colony counts to assess the accuracy of the PCR assay. The PCR-based detection level (the equivalent of 105–108 cells/mL) was comparable to that of traditional culturing techniques (106–107 cells/mL). In future applications, this assay will be applied in a comprehensive breeding program to select channel catfish that are resistant to enteric septicemia of catfish.
Chemical additives for warm mix asphalts (2011)

Recently, new technologies have been developed to reduce the environmental impact of the road construction industry. Among them, the technologies that allow a substantial reduction on the energy consumed during the production of hot asphalt mixtures have taken a very important role. There are several technologies, based on very different physicochemical phenomena that allow producing what is now known as warm mix asphalts. The work presented here describes the use of one particular type of warm mix asphalt technology based on chemical additives. This technology has been already proven to work under very different laboratory and field job conditions. It is based on the use of surfactant-type additives that enhance the workability of an asphalt mix allowing it to be paved and compacted at lower temperatures. Only a low concentration, from 0.2 to 0.5 weight percent (wt %) with respect of bitumen, is required to have the desired effect. The several advantages observed by the use of this warm mix asphalt technology are presented in this work, including field job examples, measured energy consumption reductions and environmental measurements. It is also a matter of this work the discussion of the enhanced functionality that this particular kind of additives may provide. Examples of such are their role as adhesion promoters in the asphalt mixture and as aids on the incorporation of higher amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement.
Spontaneous acquisition of infinite proliferative capacity by a rabbit corneal endothelial cell line with maintenance of phenotypic and physiological characteristics (2015)

Rabbit cells and models are frequently used in pharmacological experiments and toxicity tests and are particularly useful for corneal transplant experiments. Here, we obtained a corneal endothelial cell line from normal rabbit corneal endothelium that had acquired infinite proliferative potential without requiring gene transfer. These infinitely proliferative rabbit corneal endothelial cells (iRCECs) could be cultured for > 250 generations and exhibited a greater ability to proliferate than did normal rabbit corneal endothelial cells (RCECs) cultivated by conventional methods. The results of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining analyses revealed that the expression profiles of corneal endothelial markers, such as collagen type VIIIα1 and Na<sup>+</sup> /K<sup>+</sup> -ATPase, were similar to those of RCECs and in vivo corneal endothelium. Scanning electron microscopy showed that many microvilli were present on the surface of the cells and that the ultrastructure was maintained. In addition, we verified that the iRCECs had similar levels of pump function as did RCECs using an Ussing chamber system. The results of a soft agar colony-formation assay suggested that the iRCECs were not tumourigenic. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the iRCECs exhibited gene expression profiles and properties that were equivalent to those of native rabbit corneal endothelium, making these cells useful for corneal endothelial research studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 supplementation in the management of diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a double blind randomized placebo controlled pilot clinical study (2015)

The study concluded that the B. coagulans MTCC 5856 at a dose of 2 × 10(9) cfu/day along with standard care of treatment was found to be safe and effective in diarrhea predominant IBS patients for 90 days of supplementation. Hence, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 could be a potential agent in the management of diarrhea predominant IBS patients.