gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between peak inspiratory flow rate and volume of inhalation from a Diskus™ Inhaler and baseline spirometric parameters: a cross-sectional study (2014)

Drug delivery from a Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) is dependent on the peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) generated. Currently available methods for estimating PIFR from most DPIs are limited and mainly rely on subjective assessment. We aim to show that spirometric and Diskus™ PIFR and Inspiratory Vital Capacity (IVC) are related to the underlying respiratory condition and that spirometric PIFR can be used to assess whether Diskus™ PIFR will be adequate when using this DPI. Healthy volunteers and patients with asthma, COPD, neuromuscular disease and non-respiratory disorders were recruited (n = 85). Demographics and baseline lung function by spirometry were recorded. Flow and volume readings were taken while patients used a Diskus™ DPI, housed in an airtight container connected to a spirometer. T-tests were performed to compare mean spirometric and Diskus™ PIFR/ IVC between groups. Stepwise regression analysis of Diskus™ PIFR versus spirometric PIFR, spirometric IVC, age, gender, condition, BMI, FEV1 and FVC was performed. The Diskus™ PIFR for the COPD and Neuromuscular Disease group was more than 10 L/min lower than the Healthy or Asthma groups (p < 0.05). The mean spirometric and Diskus™ IVC of the Healthy group was significantly (>0.75 L) higher than the mean for the other three groups (p < 0.05). Diskus™ PIFR was moderately correlated with spirometric PIFR and age (Adjusted R(2) = 0.58, p < 0.0001). PIFR generated using a Diskus™ DPI is dependent on the underlying disease and age. A spirometric PIFR of less than 196 L/min should prompt further investigation into the suitability of a patient for a Diskus™ DPI, with possible consideration of alternate devices.
Derivation of the propagation equations for higher order aberrations of local wavefronts (2011)

From the literature the analytical calculation of local power and astigmatism of a wavefront after refraction and propagation is well known; it is, e.g., performed by the Coddington equation for refraction and the classical vertex correction formula for propagation. Recently the authors succeeded in extending the Coddington equation to higher order aberrations (HOA). However, equivalent analytical propagation equations for HOA do not exist. Since HOA play an increasingly important role in many fields of optics, e.g., ophthalmic optics, it is the purpose of this study to extend the propagation equations of power and astigmatism to the case of HOA (e.g., coma and spherical aberration). This is achieved by local power series expansions. In summary, with the results presented here, it is now possible to calculate analytically the aberrations of a propagated wavefront directly from the aberrations of the original wavefront containing both low-order and high-order aberrations.
Aromatic Substitution, Electrophilic (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mechanisms Orientation and Reactivity Reactions Hydrogen as the Leaving Group in Rearrangement Reactions Other Leaving Groups
Inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching of ZnO using BCl3-based plasmas (2003)

Etching characteristics of ZnO are investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching in BCl3-based plasmas. Etch rates are studied as a function of BCl3/Cl2/Ar chemistries, substrate temperature, ICP coil power, rf power, and working pressure. Surface profilometer, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy are used to characterize etch rates, etch profiles, and the surface morphologies of etched samples. It is shown that the etch rate is determined by the BCl3 content in the plasma. Auger electron spectroscopy results demonstrate that the BCl3-based etching process produces negligible changes in the surface stoichiometry of ZnO.
New Bis‐aminomercaptotriazoles and Bis‐Triazolothiadiazoles as Possible Anticancer Agents. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Interactions Between MPTP-Induced and Age-Related Neuronal Death in a Murine Model of Parkinson’s Disease (1992)

Abiotrophy is hypothesized to explain the onset and time course of deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) Abiotrophy includes: 1) exposure to agent(s) causing the death of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons (DNSns), 2) gradual death of DNSns with age, 3) summation of 1) and 2) until DNSn numbers fall below a threshold for detectable neurological deficits. Murine DNSn death following methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) exposure occurs according to an exponential relationship while age-related death of DNSns occurs according to a second exponential relationship. Summing the two exponential losses overestimates experimental DNSn death showing a simple abiotrophic model is not sufficient. Aged murine DNSns greatly increase their dopamine synthesis and the density of their striatal axon terminals which may explain the above threshold. Murine DNSns die gradually after MPTP exposure and L-deprenyl treatment rescues MPTP-damaged DNSns by a previously undiscovered action, altering the abiotrophic interactions and possibly explaining the slowed progression of PD found with deprenyl treatment.
Selective and Mild Oxyfunctionalization of Model Polyolefins (2003)

The direct oxyfunctionalization of a model polyolefin, polyethylene-alt-propylene (PEP), was achieved utilizing a straightforward, mild process. In the presence of a manganese complex, manganese meso-tetra-2,6-dichlorophenylporphyrin acetate (Mn(TDCPP)OAc), imidazole, a phase transfer agent, and potassium peroxymonosulfate (Oxone), PEP was functionalized under ambient conditions without chain degradation. The primary oxidation products contained tertiary alcohols and ketones based on IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DEPT 13C NMR spectroscopy of the oxyfunctionalized products. The oxyfunctionalization of squalane, a small molecule, structural analogue of PEP, was also demonstrated. Spectroscopic analyses of the main products from the squalane oxidation were nearly identical with the functional groups identified in the PEP oxidation products. The degree of functionalization was modulated by changing the relative concentration of the oxidant, Oxone. The degree of functionalization and the thermal properties are reported for these new polymeric materials.
A software-hardware cooperative implementation of bird's-eye view system for camera-on-vehicle (2009)

Rear camera or other wide-angle camera mounted on vehicle has serious perspective effect which makes driver unable to feel distance correctly and is not helpful for succeeding image analysis. To remove perspective effect, it's necessary to change diagonal view to bird's-eye view. In this paper, a software-hardware cooperative bird's-eye view system is proposed, which can estimates the transformation matrix and changes the view automatically in real-time. The matrix estimation module is implemented by software, because it only needs to calculate once. The transformation part is implemented by hardware, because it must be done repetitively and it requires high computation power. To optimize hardware performance and save cost, three optimization approaches like one-step transformation, memory pre-estimation and look-up table (LUT) have been employed.
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for multiple mRNA markers in the detection of breast cancer metastases in sentinel lymph nodes (2001)

The identification of specific tumor mRNA markers by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction might be a valuable diagnostic adjunct for the detection of breast cancer metastases in axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). In this study we have compared the diagnostic accuracy of an extensive histopathologic examination of 146 SLNs from 123 breast carcinoma patients with that of the evaluation of 5 mRNA markers. When analyzed individually, none of the different markers attained a sensitivity higher than 77.8%, and the general concordance with the histopathologic findings ranged from 78.8 to 83.6%. In a multiple-marker assay, taking into account the expression of at least 1 of the 5 tumor markers, the sensitivity of the test rose to 95.6%, with a specificity of 66.3% and a general concordance with the histopathologic status of 75.3%. Finally, when at least 2 of 3 markers (maspin, cytokeratin 19 and mammaglobin 1) were expressed, the concordance with either SLN or axillary lymph node status was highest (88.4% and 84.6%, respectively). The high prevalence of positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays in histologically uninvolved SLNs, however, may hamper extensive application of these techniques in the clinical setting.
RhoA Interaction with Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor and Transient Receptor Potential Channel-1 Regulates Ca2+ Entry (2003)

We tested the hypothesis that RhoA, a monomeric GTP-binding protein, induces association of inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) with transient receptor potential channel (TRPC1), and thereby activates store depletion-induced Ca2+ entry in endothelial cells. We showed that RhoA upon activation with thrombin associated with both IP3R and TRPC1. Thrombin also induced translocation of a complex consisting of Rho, IP3R, and TRPC1 to the plasma membrane. IP3R and TRPC1 translocation and association required Rho activation because the response was not seen in C3 transferase (C3)-treated cells. Rho function inhibition using Rho dominant-negative mutant or C3 dampened Ca2+ entry regardless of whether Ca2+ stores were emptied by thrombin, thapsigargin, or inositol trisphosphate. Rho-induced association of IP3R with TRPC1 was dependent on actin filament polymerization because latrunculin (which inhibits actin polymerization) prevented both the association and Ca2+ entry. We also showed that thrombin produced a sustained Rho-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i in endothelial cells overexpressing TRPC1. We further showed that Rho-activated Ca2+ entry via TRPC1 is important in the mechanism of the thrombin-induced increase in endothelial permeability. In summary, Rho activation signals interaction of IP3R with TRPC1 at the plasma membrane of endothelial cells, and triggers Ca2+ entry following store depletion and the resultant increase in endothelial permeability.
Fast Refrigerant Property Calculations Using Interpolation-Based Methods (2012)

An interpolation-based method for computing refrigerant properties which can be used in simulations of vaporcompression air-conditioning equipment is presented. This method uses bicubic functions to interpolate between samples of the Helmholtz energy surface as a function of temperature and density. Three beneficial characteristics of this method are discussed: speed, accuracy, and consistency, as well as a means for using a variety of different independent variables are also presented. The implementation of this method is discussed, and experimental results for property calculations for refrigerant R-134a are presented which compare favorably to standard Newton-based equation of state methods.
Linear dynamics of double-porosity dual-permeability materials. I. Governing equations and acoustic attenuation (2003)

The equations governing the linear acoustics of composites with two isotropic porous constituents are derived from first principles using volume-averaging arguments. The theory is designed for modeling acoustic propagation through heterogeneous porous structures. The only restriction placed on the geometry of the two porous phases is that the overall composite remains isotropic. The theory determines the macroscopic fluid response in each porous phase in addition to the combined bulk response of the grains and fluid in the composite. The complex frequency-dependent macroscopic compressibility laws that are obtained allow for fluid transfer between the porous constituents. Such mesoscopic fluid transport between constituents within each averaging volume provides a distinct attenuation mechanism from the losses associated with the net Darcy flux within individual constituents as is quantified in the examples.
Improving SPC in a wafer fabrication environment (2002)

Statistical process control has been prevalent in American industries since the 1980s. However, following the textbook methodology for a wafer fab environment can lead to a system that causes much frustration. Proper SPC usage can be a very delicate issue. There are important issues of which to be aware, such as dealing with autocorrelated data, trying to control a nonstationary mean, and handling run-to-run variability versus within-run variability. This paper outlines one facility's approach to re-evaluation of their SPC program in the wafer fab area and ways of approaching these issues.
Wnt-Dependent β-Catenin Signaling Is Activated after Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction, and Recombinant Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Alters the Progression of Renal Fibrosis (2005)

beta-Catenin functions as a transducer of Wnt signals to the nucleus, where it interacts with the T cell factor (TCF) family of DNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression. On the basis of the genes regulated by beta-catenin and TCF in various biologic settings, two predicted functions of beta-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription are to mediate the loss of epithelial polarity and to promote fibroblast activities, such as the increased synthesis of fibronectin during chronic renal disease. These predictions were tested by determination of the expression and function of an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), during renal tubular epithelial injury initiated by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Despite increased sFRP4 gene expression in perivascular regions of injured kidneys, total sFRP4 protein levels decreased after injury. The decreased sFRP4 protein levels after UUO accompanied increased Wnt-dependent beta-catenin signaling in tubular epithelial and interstitial cells, along with increased expression of markers of fibrosis. Administration of recombinant sFRP4 protein caused a reduction in tubular epithelial beta-catenin signaling and suppressed the progression of renal fibrosis, as evidenced by a partial maintenance of E-cadherin mRNA expression and a reduction in the amount of fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin proteins. Furthermore, recombinant sFRP4 reduced the number of myofibroblasts, a central mediator of fibrosis. It is concluded that beta-catenin signaling is activated in tubular epithelial and interstitial cells after renal injury, and recombinant sFRP4 can interfere with epithelial de-differentiation and with fibroblast differentiation and function during progression of renal fibrosis.
Q-STAR: A Perceptual Video Quality Model Considering Impact of Spatial, Temporal, and Amplitude Resolutions (2014)

In this paper, we investigate the impact of spatial, temporal, and amplitude resolution on the perceptual quality of a compressed video. Subjective quality tests were carried out on a mobile device and a total of 189 processed video sequences with 10 source sequences included in the test. Subjective data reveal that the impact of spatial resolution (SR), temporal resolution (TR), and quantization stepsize (QS) can each be captured by a function with a single content-dependent parameter, which indicates the decay rate of the quality with each resolution factor. The joint impact of SR, TR, and QS can be accurately modeled by the product of these three functions with only three parameters. The impact of SR and QS on the quality are independent of that of TR, but there are significant interactions between SR and QS. Furthermore, the model parameters can be predicted accurately from a few content features derived from the original video. The proposed model correlates well with the subjective ratings with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.985 when the model parameters are predicted from content features. The quality model is further validated on six other subjective rating data sets with very high accuracy and outperforms several well-known quality models.
Force and aspiration analysis of the ADAPT technique in acute ischemic stroke treatment (2015)

The physical and fluid dynamic properties of currently available catheters suggest that the 5MAX ACE is the optimal catheter to use in direct aspiration for stroke therapy.
The Cognition of Requests. (1996)

In this paper 1 attempt to analyse time cognitive structure of requests. iti order to do so,I shall follow those cognitive theories on time organization of knowledge developed by Lakoff (1987) and Johnson (1987), taking advantage of time image-schematic, metaphoric and metonymic models they propose. Contrary to tose authors, however. 1 believe that it is necessary to posit the existence of a general definer for ali time members of the category of requests. Therefore, following Ruiz de Mendoza (1995), 1 take time structure of this category tobe that of a conceptual sehema, whose general definer would be represented by a force image-sehema.
DiffTaichi: Differentiable Programming for Physical Simulation (2019)

We present DiffTaichi, a new differentiable programming language tailored for building high-performance differentiable physical simulators. Based on an imperative programming language, DiffTaichi generates gradients of simulation steps using source code transformations that preserve arithmetic intensity and parallelism. A light-weight tape is used to record the whole simulation program structure and replay the gradient kernels in a reversed order, for end-to-end backpropagation. We demonstrate the performance and productivity of our language in gradient-based learning and optimization tasks on 10 different physical simulators. For example, a differentiable elastic object simulator written in our language is 4.2x shorter than the hand-engineered CUDA version yet runs as fast, and is 188x faster than the TensorFlow implementation. Using our differentiable programs, neural network controllers are typically optimized within only tens of iterations.
Speech Reconstruction With Reminiscent Sound Via Visual Voice Memory (2021)

The goal of this work is to reconstruct speech from silent video, in both speaker dependent and speaker independent ways. Unlike previous works that have been mostly restricted to a speaker dependent setting, we propose Visual Voice memory to restore essential auditory information to generate proper speech from different speakers and even unseen speakers. The proposed memory takes additional auditory information that corresponds to the input face movements and stores the auditory contexts that can be recalled by the given input visual features. Specifically, the Visual Voice memory contains value and key memory slots, where value memory slots are for saving the audio features, and key memory slots are for storing the visual features in the same location of the saved audio features. Guiding each memory to properly save each feature, the model can adequately produce the speech through auxiliary information of audio. Hence, our method employs both video and audio information during training time, but does not require any additional auditory input in the inference time. Our key contributions are: (1) proposing the Visual Voice memory that brings rich information of audio that complements the visual features, thus producing high-quality speech from silent video, and (2) enabling multi-speaker and speaker independent training by memorizing auditory features and the corresponding visual features. We validate the proposed framework on GRID and Lip2Wav datasets and show that our method surpasses the performance of previous works. Moreover, we experiment on both multi-speaker and speaker independent settings and verify the effectiveness of the Visual Voice memory. We also demonstrate that the Visual Voice memory contains meaningful information to reconstruct speech.
La imagen borrosa (2010)

En 1989 se presento Vanishing Presence en el Walker Art Center en Minneapolis, una muestra que recogia una amplia seleccion de fotografias con borrones o directamente borrosas. La exposicion establecia el recorrido del borron desde los efectos producidos por la incapacidad tecnica hasta su utilizacion posterior como recurso intencionado [4]. Esos ’defectos’, como apariciones fantasmales, siguen manifestandose quiza aun mas en la era digital. El presente articulo pretende hacer un primer acercamiento a este tipo de imagenes borrosas (digitales y analogicas), su capacidad evocadora y significativa, asi como destacar el poder del imaginario gotico (utilizado en su sentido mas amplio) para representar los terrores del presente y del futuro [5],
A new approach to I/O performance evaluation (1994)

Current I/O benchmarks suffer from several chronic problems: they quickly become obsolete; they do not stress the I/O system; and they do not help much in understanding I/O system performance. We propose a new approach to I/O performance analysis. First, we propose a self-scaling benchmark that dynamically adjusts aspects of its workload according to the performance characteristic of the system being measured. By doing so, the benchmark automatically scales across current and future systems. The evaluation aids in understanding system performance by reporting how performance varies according to each of five workload parameters. Second, we propose predicted performance, a technique for using the results from the self-scaling evaluation to estimate quickly the performance for workloads that have not been measured. We show that this technique yields reasonably accurate performance estimates and argue that this method gives a far more accurate comparative performance evaluation than traditional single-point benchmarks. We apply our new evaluation technique by measuring a SPARCstation 1+ with one SCSI disk, an HP 730 with one SCSI-II disk, a DECstation 5000/200 running the Sprite LFS operating system with a three-disk disk array, a Convex C240 minisupercomputer with a four-disk disk array, and a Solbourne 5E/905 fileserver with a two-disk disk array.
Flexible modulation and nonlinear tolerance for coherent transceivers (2015)

We present advanced flexible modulation formats and reduced-complexity digital nonlinear compensation schemes to increase the capacity of next generation optical networks.
EUV Hartmann sensor for wavefront measurements at the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (2010)

A compact, self-supporting Hartmann wavefront sensor was developed for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray range. The device is adapted to the characteristics of the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH). It operates in a wavelength range from 6 to 30 nm with the capability to measure the wavefront quality of individual free-electron laser (FEL) pulses for beam characterization as well as for beamline alignment and monitoring behind user experiments. We report on online-Hartmann wavefront measurements at beamline BL2 with 13.5 nm /90 accuracy for wavefront rms (w rms ). The results were used to align the ellipsoidal focusing mirror at the beamline, decreasing the residual root mean square (rms) wavefront aberrations by more than a factor of 3 to 2.6 nm. The spot size of 31 m (x) and 27 m (y) full-width at halfmaximum (FWHM) as well as other beam parameters evaluated from wavefront and intensity data are consistent with independent profile measurements in the focal region, employing both a high-resolution EUV camera and poly(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) imprints.