gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast-Acting Insulins: State of the Art (2012)

Optimal coverage of prandial insulin requirements remains an elusive goal. The invention of rapid-acting insulin analogs (RAIAs) was a big step forward in reducing postprandial glycemic excursions in patients with diabetes in comparison with using regular human insulin; however, even with these, the physiological situation cannot be adequately mimicked. Developing ultrafast-acting insulins (UFIs)-showing an even more rapid onset of action and a shorter duration of action after subcutaneous (SC) administration-is another step forward in achieving this goal. The need for UFIs has been gradually recognized over the years, and subsequently, a number of different approaches to cover this need are in clinical development. A rapid increase in circulating insulin levels can be achieved by different measures: modification of the primary structure of insulin molecule (as we know from RAIAs), addition of excipients that enhance the appearance in the monomeric state post-injection, or addition of enzymes that enable more free spreading of the insulin molecules in the SC tissue. Other measures to increase the insulin absorption rate increase the local blood flow nearby the insulin depot in the SC tissue, injecting the insulin intradermally or applying via another route, e.g., the lung. The development of these approaches is in different stages, from quite early stages to nearing market authorization. In time, daily practice will show if the introduction of UFIs will fulfill their clinical promise. In this review, the basic idea for UFIs will be presented and the different approaches will be briefly characterized.
Oxazolidinone Antibacterials and Our Experience (2008)

The Oxazolidinones are a promising novel chemical synthetic class of antibiotics identified in the last two decades and have been subjected to intensive discovery efforts. They possess impressive antibacterial activity against Grampositive pathogens. Oxazolidinones act through a unique mechanism of inhibitory bacterial protein biosynthesis. Linezolid (ZyvoxTM) has been the only drug of oxazolidinone class to reach the market after USFDA approval. Here we review our efforts directed to the discovery of novel oxazolidinone antibacterials evolved through structure-activity relationship (SAR) and an overview of contemporary on going efforts. Keywords: Oxazolidinones, Antibacterials, antibiotics, structure-activity relationship (SAR), antibacterial activity, synthetic compound
Genetic diversity in natural populations of mammalian reoviruses: tryptic peptide analysis of outer capsid polypeptides of murine, bovine, and human type 1 and 3 reovirus strains (1984)

We have studied the structural relationships between the outer capsid polypeptides of eight murine, bovine, and human isolates of type 1 and 3 mammalian reoviruses. Our results show that the outer capsid polypeptides of reoviruses isolated from different mammalian species, in different years and different geographical areas, have both conserved and unique methionine-containing tryptic peptides. We found that tryptic peptides from mu 1C polypeptides of two human, one murine, and two bovine type 3 isolates and one human and two bovine type 1 reoviruses are highly conserved. Our data show that only one tryptic peptide pattern of the mu 1C polypeptide (encoded by the M2 gene) was present in reoviruses isolated from the three different mammalian species. The mu 1C polypeptide of the type 3 Dearing strain contained one tryptic peptide not found in any other reovirus isolate examined. In marked contrast to the mu 1C polypeptides, the sigma 3 polypeptides (encoded by the S4 gene) of three type 1 and three type 3 isolates were divided into two patterns based on significant differences in their tryptic peptides. In addition, at least seven tryptic peptides were conserved among the sigma 3 polypeptides of all virus strains examined. The sigma 3 polypeptide of the type 3 Dearing strain was distinguishable from the sigma 3 polypeptides of all other strains examined. The one mu 1C and two sigma 3 tryptic peptide patterns were found to occur interchangeably in isolates of type 1 or type 3. About 1/3 of the tyrosine-containing tryptic peptides of sigma 1 polypeptides of four type 3 isolates examined were conserved. Comparison of peptide differences in sigma 1 polypeptides of these isolates showed that each had one or more unique tryptic peptides, suggesting that the S1 genes coding for these polypeptides had undergone genetic drift or, alternatively, that there are at least two tryptic peptide patterns present among the sigma 1 polypeptides of these isolates. Our results suggest that genetic drift and reassortment are the most likely explanation for the extensive genetic diversity found in natural populations of mammalian reoviruses.
Fast mimo transmit antenna selection algorithms: a geometric approach (2006)

Motivated by matrix determinant properties, this letter develops a fast transmit antenna selection algorithm for MIMO systems: the G-circles method. This novel scheme is shown to achieve many advantages over other existing algorithms
A PCIe DMA Architecture for Multi-Gigabyte Per Second Data Transmission (2015)

We developed a direct memory access (DMA) engine compatible with the Xilinx PCI Express (PCIe) core to provide a high-performance and low-occupancy alternative to commercial solutions. In order to maximize the PCIe throughput while minimizing the FPGA resources utilization, the DMA engine adopts a novel strategy where the DMA address list is stored inside the FPGA and not in the central memory of the host CPU. The FPGA design package is complemented with simple register access to control the DMA engine by a Linux driver. The design is compatible with Xilinx FPGA Families 6 and 7, and operates with the Xilinx PCIe endpoint Generation 1 and 2 with all lane configurations (x1, x2, x4, x8). A multi-engine architecture is also presented, where two x8 lanes cores are used in parallel together with a PCIe bridge, to exploit fully the capabilities of a PCIe Gen2 x16 lanes link. A data throughput of 3461 MBytes/s has been achieved with a single PCIe Gen2 x8 lanes endpoint. If the dual-engine architecture is used, the throughput is increased up to 6920 MBytes/s. The presented DMA is currently used in several experiments at the ANKA synchrotron light source.
A socio-aware overlay for publish/subscribe communication in delay tolerant networks (2007)

The emergence of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) has culminated in a new generation of wireless networking. We focus on a type of human-to-human communication in DTNs, where human behaviour exhibits the characteristics of networks by forming a community. We show the characteristics of such networks from extensive study of real-world human connectivity traces. We exploit distributed community detection from the trace and propose a Socio-Aware Overlay over detected communities for publish/subscribe communication. Centrality nodes have the best visibility to the other nodes in the network. We create an overlay with such centrality nodes from communities. Distributed community detection operates when nodes (i.e. devices) are in contact by gossipping, and subscription propagation is performed along with this operation. We validate our message dissemination algorithms for publish/subscribe with connectivity traces.
Portable point-of-care diagnostic devices (2016)

This review highlights key development of point-of-care diagnostics for detecting DNA, proteins, bacteria/pathogens, and other species in samples that can be used for diagnosing disease and detecting harmful chemical and biochemical contaminants in samples. These technologies have great promise for improving the quality of life for those in the developing world.
Adaptive evolution has targeted the C-terminal domain of the RXLR effectors of plant pathogenic oomycetes (2008)

Plant pathogenic microbes deliver effector proteins inside host cells to modulate plant defense circuitry and enable parasitic colonization. As genome sequences from plant pathogens become available, genome-wide evolutionary analyses will shed light on how pathogen effector genes evolved and adapted to the cellular environment of their host plants. In the August 2007 issue of Plant Cell, we described adaptive evolution (positive selection) in the cytoplasmic RXLR effectors of three recently sequenced oomycete plant pathogens. Here, we summarize our findings and describe additional data that further validate our approach.
Coordinating Attack Response at Internet Scale 2 (CARIS2) Workshop Report (2020)

This report documents the discussions and conclusions from the
Coordinating Attack Response at Internet Scale (CARIS) workshop that
took place in Berlin, Germany on 18 June 2015. The purpose of this
workshop was to improve mutual awareness, understanding, and
coordination among the diverse participating organizations and their
representatives. Note that this document is a report on the
proceedings of the workshop. The views and positions documented in
this report are those of the workshop participants and do not
necessarily reflect IAB views and positions.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid Using Au@Pt Dendrimer-Encapsulated Nanoparticles (2013)

We report electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid using monometallic and bimetallic dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). The results indicate that the Au147@Pt DENs exhibit better electrocatalytic activity and low CO formation. Theoretical calculations attribute the observed activity to the deformation of nanoparticle structure, slow dehydration of formic acid, and weak binding of CO on Au147@Pt surface. Subsequent experiments confirmed the theoretical predictions.
Ultrafast Studies of Excited-State Dynamics of Phthalocyanine and Zinc Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate in Solution (1997)

Femtosecond measurements of transient absorption, bleach, and stimulated emission are used to study the excited-state dynamics of phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (PcS4) and zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4) in solution. In water the excited-state decay process is fast and dominated by energy relaxation due to intermolecular aggregation. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) both PcS4 and ZnPcS4 exist predominantly in the monomeric form and exhibit very different dynamics from that of the aggregates. The decays are much slower and the observed processes are strongly dependent on the probe wavelength. For PcS4 in DMSO, when probed at 790 nm, the dynamics are dominated by stimulated emission which is observed for the first time in solution. At other wavelengths either transient absorption or bleach dominates the signal. All the observed dynamics can be well fit using a double-exponential function with a fast and slow component. The fast decay has a time constant of 10 ± 4 ps for both phthalocyanines while the slow decay has a time constant of 370 ps for PcS4 and 460 ps for ZnPcS4, respectively. The overall excited-state decay dynamics correlate well with the recovery of the ground electronic state, indicating that the recovery is the predominant process on this time scale. On the basis of a simple three-state kinetic model, the fast decay (10 ps) is attributed primarily to a conversion from the second to the first excited singlet state, possibly involving vibrational relaxation in S1. There might also be a small contribution from aggregates. The first excited-state S1 subsequently decays with a time constant of 130 ps for PcS4 and 160 ps for ZnPcS4, respectively. This decay is due to a combination of radiative and nonradiative relaxation from S1 to S0 and intersystem crossing from S1 to the triplet state.
Use of speech recognition in computer-assisted language learning (2000)

inear Model Combination and Model Merging. These algorithms are based on the assumption that the mother-tongue of a non-native speaker is known. The basic idea underlying most ndings of this thesis is that non-native speech can be modeled with a mixture of sounds of a speaker&apos;s native language and the target language. The newly developed speaker adaptation algorithms combine the acoustic models of the source and target language of a nonnative speaker. The algorithms only dier with regard to the details how the model sets are combined. A database of non-native English was recorded for the purpose of testing these adaptation algorithms. This database mostly consists of utterances of Japanese and Latin-American Spanish accented English. The recordings were transcribed by trained phoneticians to obtain transcriptions corresponding to the actual phoneme sequence uttered by the student as opposed to canonical transcriptions obtained ii iii from a standard
Homogeneous coprecipitation as a means toward high-Tc and sharp-transition yttrium barium cuprate (YBa2Cu3O7-x) superconducting oxides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous coprecipitation as a means toward high-Tc and sharp-transition yttrium barium cuprate (YBa2Cu3O7-x) superconducting oxidesR. S. Liu, C. T. Chang, and P. T. WuCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 1, 154–156Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00300a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00300a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of Vardenafil Administered Using an Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Inhalation vs a Single 10-mg Oral Tablet (2009)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of the administration of vardenafil HCl via the pulmonary route of administration. This trial demonstrates that vardenafil HCl may be administered using the ultrasonic nebulizer to reach blood levels comparable with those produced by a vardenafil 10-mg oral tablet, faster and using less drug. This new route of administration may potentially improve the onset of action, reliability, and safety for this class of drug.
The Prolonged Gastrointestinal Syndrome in Rhesus Macaques (2012)

The dose response relationship for the acute gastrointestinal syndrome following total-body irradiation prevents analysis of the full recovery and damage to the gastrointestinal system, since all animals succumb to the subsequent 100% lethal hematopoietic syndrome. A partial-body irradiation model with 5% bone marrow sparing was established to investigate the prolonged effects of high-dose radiation on the gastrointestinal system, as well as the concomitant hematopoietic syndrome and other multi-organ injury including the lung. Herein, cellular and clinical parameters link acute and delayed coincident sequelae to radiation dose and time course post-exposure. Male rhesus Macaca mulatta were exposed to partial-body irradiation with 5% bone marrow (tibiae, ankles, feet) sparing using 6 MV linear accelerator photons at a dose rate of 0.80 Gy min(-1) to midline tissue (thorax) doses in the exposure range of 9.0 to 12.5 Gy. Following irradiation, all animals were monitored for multiple organ-specific parameters for 180 d. Animals were administered medical management including administration of intravenous fluids, antiemetics, prophylactic antibiotics, blood transfusions, antidiarrheals, supplemental nutrition, and analgesics. The primary endpoint was survival at 15, 60, or 180 d post-exposure. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of dehydration, diarrhea, hematologic parameters, respiratory distress, histology of small and large intestine, lung radiographs, and mean survival time of decedents. Dose- and time-dependent mortality defined several organ-specific sequelae, with LD50/15 of 11.95 Gy, LD50/60 of 11.01 Gy, and LD50/180 of 9.73 Gy for respective acute gastrointestinal, combined hematopoietic and gastrointestinal, and multi-organ delayed injury to include the lung. This model allows analysis of concomitant multi-organ sequelae, thus providing a link between acute and delayed radiation effects. Specific and multi-organ medical countermeasures can be assessed for efficacy and interaction during the concomitant evolution of acute and delayed key organ-specific subsyndromes.
A 9-bit 100-MS/s 1.46-mW Tri-Level SAR ADC in 65 nm CMOS (2010)

A 9-bit 100-MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) ADC with low power and small area has been implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology. A tri-level charge redistribution technique is proposed to reduce DAC switching energy and settling time. By connecting bottom plates of differential capacitor arrays for charge sharing, extra reference voltage is avoided. Two reference voltages charging and discharging the capacitors are chosen to be supply voltage and ground in order to save energy and achieve a rail-to-rail input range. Split capacitor arrays with mismatch calibration are implemented for small area and small input capacitance without linearity degradation. The ADC achieves a peak SNDR of 53.1dB and consumes 1.46mW from a 1.2-V supply, resulting in a figure of merit (FOM) of 39fJ/conversion-step. The total active area is 0.012mm2 and the input capacitance is 180fF.
Nearly optimal perfectly-periodic schedules (2001)

We consider the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single shared resource using time-multiplexing. A perfectly-periodic schedule is one where resource time is divided into equal size “time-slots” quanta, and each job gets a time slot precisely every fixed interval of time (the period of the job). Periodic schedules are advantageous in distributed settings with synchronized clocks, since they require very little communication to establish, and thereafter no additional communication overhead is needed.
A three-phase sag generator for testing industrial equipment (1996)

A diesel powered three-phase standby 480 V, 15 kW, 60 Hz synchronous generator has been modified to give controlled three-phase voltage sags. These sags can be controlled in both depth and duration. A 486-based computer with a data acquisition system controls the generator and monitors the system under test. The custom software interface allows the user to select the depth and duration of the each sag. Typically, the user will select a series of sags in selectable increments down to a certain depth. The data acquisition system has both digital and analog inputs, so that data lines, AC and DC voltages and currents, contactors and relays, etc. can be monitored during the tests. The software interface enables the user to select allowable tolerance bands for the monitored signals. If one or more of the signals falls outside the allowable range, the test is suspended. The sag depth and duration that caused the equipment to "fail" the test is then recorded, After testing over a range of sag durations, a CBEMA-type curve is available for the system under test. The sag generator enables the user to systematically determine the sensitivity of the components of an installed process line. This will enable the user to determine cost-effective ride-through enhancement strategies or to test the effectiveness of currently installed equipment. Although this test generator is small, the basic concept can be scaled up to the 2 MVA range.
Single and coupled MSW resonators for microwave channelizers (1988)

Magnetostatic-wave (MSW) resonators using epitaxial single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films have been integrated to form a channelizer operating in the microwave frequency range. The microwave signals are coupled to and from the resonators using microstrip structures. This approach to frequency sorting has the advantage of relatively low insertion loss (less than 6 dB for single resonators), and only a uniform bias magnetic field is needed. This approach has been used to enhance the bandwidth and improve the filter response of each channel. Channel 3-dB bandwidths were increased from 4-5 MHz (for single-resonator channels) to more than 10 MHz by implementing coupled resonators. Experimental results describing the characteristics of single and coupled MSW resonators are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extending the Capability of Energy Detector for Sensing of Heterogeneous Wideband Spectrum (2012)

Reliable spectrum sensing is the very task upon which the entire operation of the cognitive radio rests. Energy detection is one of the solutions that have been proposed for enabling opportunistic spectrum access but its capability has limited sensitivity, no resolution and requires high sampling rate when employed in the detection of wideband heterogeneous spectrum. This article proposes a solution that can extend the capability of traditional energy detector to wideband sensing with improved performance. The solution involves the use of parallel detection circuitry with each tuned to different frequencies. The decision of each detection circuit can then be used to create a spectral map of the entire spectrum. This introduces some resolution component and improved sensitivity based on the number of parallel circuits and bandwidth of each detection circuit. Since the bandwidth of the incumbent signal is generally not known a priori, there is possibility that it spans across multiple detectors. The detection of such wideband signal can be achieved by either data or decision fusion of the results of each narrowband detector. We show that the use of parallel multi-channel detection can greatly enhance the detection of wideband signal compared to averaging while improving the resolution and sensitivity of energy detection of wideband spectrum. Further performance improvement can be achieved through the use of diversity reception on each narrow band detectors. Numerical results have been shown for representative cases and careful review of previous works reveals that these have never been considered in literature.