gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-IR Fiber-Optic Temperature Sensor (1993)

A fiber-optic temperature sensor based on the perturbations of near-IR water bands has been developed. These fiber-optic sensors are very simple and readily fabricated. Models for expressing temperature can be developed by linear regression (LR) of the absorbance at one selected wavenumber, by multilinear regression (MLR) of the absorbances at several selected wavenumbers, or by principal component regression (PCR) using entire spectra. The standard errors of prediction for temperature are 0.53 to 1.64°C for the LR model, 0.22 to 0.85°C for the MLR model, and 0.16 to 0.32°C for the PCR model over a temperature range of 5 to 85°C. Potentially, these fiber-optic sensors can be used in the remote sensing of temperature and in hostile electrical environments.
Plasma–Alginate Composite Material Provides Improved Mechanical Support for Stem Cell Growth and Delivery (2019)

Blood plasma-based products have been recently utilized in different tissue engineering applications, ranging from soft tissue repair to bone regeneration. Plasma contains fibrinogen which can be converted to an insoluble fibrin-laden gel in the presence of activated thrombin. In tissue engineering, these plasma-based materials can serve either as a three-dimensional scaffold to deliver therapeutic cells in vivo or as a growth factor-rich supply for tissue regeneration. Unfortunately, plasma-based materials are often mechanically weak and easily deformed, thus limiting their usability in harsh clinical settings. Simpler methods to create sturdier plasma-based materials are therefore needed. To this end, we hypothesized that combining alginate with plasma can create a composite plasma material with improved mechanical properties. Incorporating alginate into plasma produced composite gels with increasing bulk stiffness, as measured by rheology. Specifically, the plasma-alginate composite (PAC) gels with an alginate concentration of 2.86 mg/mL were 10-fold stiffer than pure plasma gels (11 vs 112 Pa). Interestingly, gel lysis rates were unchanged despite increasing alginate concentration (lysis time approximately 50 min). Adipose-derived stem cells cultured in the stiffer PAC gels expressed stemness markers (THY1, ENG, NT5E) at levels comparable to those in the pure plasma gels. Similarly, proangiogenic factor secretion was also constant across all gel conditions. In sum, we envision this PAC gel system will extend the use of plasma gel-based therapies into more rigorous clinical applications.
Thermomechanical Properties of Polyurethane-Shape Memory Polymer Foam (2001)

The thermomechanical properties of polyurethane-shape memory polymer foam were investigated by the compressive tests. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The material contracts uniformly in the axial direction with the ratio of lateral strain to axial strain 0.4 in the early stage, but about 0.15 thereafter. (2) The deformation resistance is large at low temperature and at high strain rate. (3) In the case of thermomechanical loading, strain is recovered at temperatures in the vicinity of T g . The rate of strain recovery is 99%. The rate of strain fixity is 100%.
The air oxidation of manganese carbonate to battery active manganese dixoide in a rotary kiln (2015)

This thesis contains the results of an experimental investigation into the feasibility of producing battery active manganese dioxide by air oxidation of manganese carbonate in a rotary kiln.The manganese carbonate was made from a rhodochrosite ore concentrate.OO O 00000000000 6 -0 0 0 Discussion of Results Discussion of the Experimental Model " , " < , " Analysis and Discussion of the Yield Data ",= Analysis and Discussion of the High Drain Data
Supporting irregular distributions using data-parallel languages (1995)

Languages such as Fortran D provide irregular distribution schemes that can efficiently support irregular problems. Irregular distributions can also be emulated in HPF. Compilers can incorporate runtime procedures to automatically support these distributions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multichannel Audio Source Separation With Deep Neural Networks (2016)

This article addresses the problem of multichannel audio source separation. We propose a framework where deep neural networks (DNNs) are used to model the source spectra and combined with the classical multichannel Gaussian model to exploit the spatial information. The parameters are estimated in an iterative expectation-maximization (EM) fashion and used to derive a multichannel Wiener filter. We present an extensive experimental study to show the impact of different design choices on the performance of the proposed technique. We consider different cost functions for the training of DNNs, namely the probabilistically motivated Itakura-Saito divergence, and also Kullback-Leibler, Cauchy, mean squared error, and phase-sensitive cost functions. We also study the number of EM iterations and the use of multiple DNNs, where each DNN aims to improve the spectra estimated by the preceding EM iteration. Finally, we present its application to a speech enhancement problem. The experimental results show the benefit of the proposed multichannel approach over a single-channel DNN-based approach and the conventional multichannel nonnegative matrix factorization-based iterative EM algorithm.
Mechanically tunable surface plasmon resonance based on gold nanoparticles and elastic membrane polydimethylsiloxane composite (2010)

Surface plasmon in nanoscaled materials has recently attracted a great deal of attention due to its possibility in a wide range of application. From a practical standpoint, it is desirable for the devices having a tunability of surface plasmon frequency. To achieve this goal, in this study, a composite consisting of two-dimensional gold nanoparticles array embedded in elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane has been synthesized. Because the elastic PDMS membrane has a high malleability, with an external stress, it is very easy to regulate the interparticle distance in the gold nanoparticle array. The change in the distance between each nanoparticle will alter the surface plasmon interaction, and hence surface plasmon frequency can be manipulated. It is found that when the interparticle distance increases, the enhanced surface plasma mutual coupling will cause the blueshift of surface plasmon resonance frequency. The observed result satisfies the forecast based on electromagnetic theory.
Route Discovery from Mining Uncertain Trajectories (2011)

Moving objects in the physical world usually generate many uncertain trajectories for some reasons such as the consideration of energy consumption, leaving the route passing two consecutive sampling points unknown. While such trajectories imply rich knowledge about the mobility of moving objects, they are less useful individually. This paper introduces an online trip planning system that mines collective knowledge (i.e., most possible routes between given locations) from massive uncertain trajectories following a paradigm of "uncertain+uncertain→certain". This system first builds a routable graph from uncertain trajectories, and then answers a user's online query (a sequence of point locations) by searching top-k routes on the graph. Two large-scale datasets consisting of "check-in" records from FourSquare and a trajectory dataset of taxis have been used to evaluate our system. As a result, our system provides a user with effective routes according to the user's query efficiently.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> cAMP-dependent protein kinase controls entry into stationary phase through the Rim15p protein kinase (1998)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase Rim15p was identified previously as a stimulator of meiotic gene expression. Here, we show that loss of Rim15p causes an additional pleiotropic phenotype in cells grown to stationary phase on rich medium; this phenotype includes defects in trehalose and glycogen accumulation, in transcriptional derepression of HSP12, HSP26, and SSA3, in induction of thermotolerance and starvation resistance, and in proper G1 arrest. These phenotypes are commonly associated with hyperactivity of the Ras/cAMP pathway. Tests of epistasis suggest that Rim15p may act in this pathway downstream of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK). Accordingly, deletion of RIM15 suppresses the growth defect of a temperature-sensitive adenylate-cyclase mutant and, most importantly, renders cells independent of cAPK activity. Conversely, overexpression of RIM15 suppresses phenotypes associated with a mutation in the regulatory subunit of cAPK, exacerbates the growth defect of strains compromised for cAPK activity, and partially induces a starvation response in logarithmically growing wild-type cells. Biochemical analyses reveal that cAPK-mediated in vitro phosphorylation of Rim15p strongly inhibits its kinase activity. Taken together, these results place Rim15p immediately downstream and under negative control of cAPK and define a positive regulatory role of Rim15p for entry into both meiosis and stationary phase.
An integrated onboard charger and accessory power converter using WBG devices (2015)

Integrating the function of onboard battery charging into the traction drive system and accessory dc-dc converter in plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is shown to significantly reduce the cost and increase the power density of onboard chargers due to a substantially reduced component count. Replacing silicon (Si) based power devices with wide-band-gap (WBG) devices can further increase the power density and efficiency and lower the cost as WBG device technology matures and production volume increases. This paper presents a bidirectional integrated onboard charger (OBC) and accessory power converter using silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs). The galvanically isolated integrated OBC is formed by using the segmented traction drive system of a PEV as the frond converter and a phase shifted dual-active full-bridge converter (PHDAFBC) that is comprised of the transformer and high voltage converter of the 14 V accessory dc-dc converter and an additional full-bridge converter. Experimental results for a 6.8 kW OBC prototype that is implemented on a 90 kW segmented SiC traction inverter and a 6.8 kW SiC PHDAFBC is included.
Interleukin-6 from Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Proliferation, Sphere and Colony Formation and Tumorigenesis of an Ovarian Cancer Cell Line SKOV3 (2016)

The origin of the majority of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) is regarded as extraovarian, with the ovary being the secondary site. The aim of this study was to explore the possible role of ovarian mesenchymal stem cells (OvMSCs) and secreted IL-6 in the development of EOC. OvMSCs were derived from normal ovarian stroma. Cell surface markers and differentiation capability were determined. The effects of IL-6 and conditioned medium of OvMSCs on the malignant phenotype of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells were tested, and the status of STAT3 and ERK phosphorylation was investigated. OvMSCs had similar surface marker profiles as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, i.e., CD44 (+), CD90 (+) and CD45 (-), and was readily inducible to osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. OvMSCs secreted an extremely high level (>2500 pg/ml) of IL-6. Treatment of SKOV3 cells with conditioned media from OvMSCs increased cell proliferation, tumor sphere formation and anchorage independent growth, and resulted in activation of STAT3 but not ERK. Coinjection of OvMSCs with SKOV3 cell enhanced tumorigenesis in NOD-SCID mice. All of these behaviors were blocked by IL-6 receptor blocking antibody administered <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i>. The OvMSCs alone injected into mice had no tumor growth after 3 months. By secreting high levels of IL-6, OvMSCs enhance the proliferation, sphere and colony formation and tumorigenesis of SKOV3 cells.
An empirical study of the robustness of Inter-component Communication in Android (2012)

Over the last three years, Android has established itself as the largest-selling operating system for smartphones. It boasts of a Linux-based robust kernel, a modular framework with multiple components in each application, and a security-conscious design where each application is isolated in its own virtual machine. However, all of these desirable properties would be rendered ineffectual if an application were to deliver erroneous messages to targeted applications and thus cause the target to behave incorrectly. In this paper, we present an empirical evaluation of the robustness of Inter-component Communication (ICC) in Android through fuzz testing methodology, whereby, parameters of the inter-component communication are changed to various incorrect values. We show that not only exception handling is a rarity in Android applications, but also it is possible to crash the Android runtime from unprivileged user processes. Based on our observations, we highlight some of the critical design issues in Android ICC and suggest solutions to alleviate these problems.
Bioavailability and Cardiovascular Effects of Adrenaline Administered by Anapen Autoinjector in Healthy Volunteers (2017)

Needle length and intramuscular injection are not absolute requirements for autoinjector efficacy, but the monitoring of injection location, biphasic adrenaline levels, and cardiovascular responses is important for the assessment of their therapeutic relevance in anaphylaxis.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a novel 1440nm Nd:YAG laser for neck contouring and skin tightening without liposuction. (2013)

The 1440nm Nd:YAG device with the side-firing fiber was safe and effective for the treatment of subcutaneous fat and skin laxity in the neck. This device offers an alternative to selected individuals aged 40 and over who do not wish to undergo rhytidectomy.
Management of semistructured data (1997)

A huge amount of data is available today on the Internet, or on the private Intranets of many companies. This data is structured in a multitude of ways. At an extreme we find data coming from traditional relational or object-oriented databases, with a completely known structure. At another extreme we have data which is fully unstructured, such as images, sounds, and raw text. But most of the data falls somewhere in between these two extremes, for a variety of reasons: the data may be structured, but the structure is not know to the user; the user may know the structure, but chooses to ignore it, for browsing purposes; the structure may be implicit, such as in formatted text, and is not as rigid and regular as in traditional databases; the data may be in non-traditional formats, such as the ASN.1 exchange format; the schema of the data is huge and changes often, so that we may prefer to ignore it. Several researchers have worked recently on problems related to data fitting this description, and have coined the term semistructured data for it. Two recent tutorials [Abi97, Bun97] contain an excellent introduction to semistructured data and a comprehensive bibliography on this new research topic.
Expression of Concern: Transient expression of fluorescent tau proteins promotes process formation in PC12 cells: Contributions of the tau C‐terminus to this process (2002)

The neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau promotes microtubule assembly and has been implicated in the development of axonal morphology. In this study, PC12 cells were transiently transfected with constructs coding fusion proteins of human tau with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Expression of tau constructs actively stabilized microtubules. Expression of the C-terminus of tau can mimic this effect in living cells, though to a lesser extent because of the absence of the tau N-terminus. However, tau colocalization with microtubules did not require the presence of the tau N-terminus. Transient expression of tau (including tau24, a four-repeat human tau isoform encoded in 383 residues, and tau23, human fetal tau isoform encoded in 352 residues) stimulated process formation in PC12 cells, and this occurred faster with tau24 than with tau23. The residues (residues 154-172 in tau23) that confer microtubule nucleation activity of tau in vitro are not required for tau-directed process formation. However, when tau induces the formation of cellular processes in response to cortical breakdown by cytochalasin B, residues 154-172 must be present. Thus, it appears that tau may serve to promote cellular process outgrowth in cultured neuronal cells and that C-terminus of tau is essential to this process.
Chi-Square Tests for Comparison Weighted Histograms (2009)

Weighted histograms in Monte-Carlo simulations are often used for the estimation of probability density functions. They are obtained as a result of random experiment with random events that have weights. In this paper the bin contents of a weighted histogram are considered as a sum of random variables with a random number of terms. Generalizations of the classical chi-square test for comparing weighted histograms are proposed. Numerical examples illustrate an application of the tests for the histograms with different statistics of events and different weighted functions. Proposed tests can be used for the comparison of experimental data histograms against simulated data histograms and for two simulated data histograms. Key words: homogeneity test, random sum of random variable, fit Monte-Carlo distribution to data, comparison experimental and simulated data. PACS: 02.50.-r, 02.50.Cw, 02.50.Le, 02.50.Ng 1
Extracellular matrix molecules and follicle morphogenesis in ovine skin (2001)

Chondroitin sulphate, fibronectin, laminin and the hyaluronan receptor, CD44, were localized in ovine skin during follicle morphogenesis. Prior to initiation, chondroitin sulphate was detected in the mesenchyme adjacent to the dermal-epidermal junction and showed an approximately regular periodicity in staining intensity. With the appearance of follicle primordia, the more strongly stained regions of the matrix were associated with mesenchymal condensations. During later development and in the mature follicle, staining was localized to the matrices of cells of the dermal sheath and papilla. CD44 was also localized in the mesenchymal condensations at follicle initiation and, subsequently, in the dermal sheath. Fibronectin staining was confined to the mesenchyme prior to follicle formation and became associated with presumptive papilla and dermal sheath cells during follicle formation and maturation. Fibronectin antisera detected an approximately 220 kDa protein in western blots of adult and fetal skin. An additional band of 150 kDa was also observed prior to follicle initiation. In contrast, laminin was predominantly restricted to the basal laminae of developing and mature follicles. The aggregative behaviour of ovine papilla cells was examined in vitro. The number and size of aggregates were not affected by inclusion of chondroitin sulphate or fibronectin in the culture medium, but both increased in the presence of hyaluronidase. Chondroitinase had the opposite effect and beta-D-xyloside completely abolished aggregative behaviour. In conclusion, the appearance of certain matrix molecules may presage morphogenetic movements of cells at follicle initiation and regulate patterns of follicle distribution in skin during fetal life.
Multiple Trafficking Signals Regulate Kainate Receptor KA2 Subunit Surface Expression (2003)

The kainate receptor subunit KA2 does not form functional homomeric channels despite its structural similarity to the functional glutamate receptor 5-7subunits and high agonist binding affinity in in vitro assays. In this study, we first demonstrate that homomeric KA2 receptors fail to reach the plasma membrane and then identify the molecular mechanisms preventing surface expression. Specifically, we show that KA2 subunits form homooligomeric receptors that are confined to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We then demonstrate that, in both heterologous expression systems and primary neurons, the intracellular retention of KA2 is not caused by subunit misfolding but, rather, is mediated through discrete protein trafficking signals, including an arginine-rich ER retention/retrieval motif and a di-leucine endocytic sequence in the C terminus of the KA2 subunit. Disruption of these motifs results in ER exit and surface expression of KA2 homomeric receptors that remain nonfunctional. Furthermore, our data suggest that the ER retention/retrieval signal in KA2 is sterically shielded during heteromeric assembly, allowing delivery of functional heteromeric receptors to the plasma membrane. Taken together, our results illustrate novel regulatory mechanisms that control the intracellular trafficking and surface expression of kainate receptors.
Preparation of a macroscopic, robust carbon-fiber monolith from filamentous fungi and its application in Li–S batteries (2014)

A new sustainable microorganism-based route is reported for the synthesis of carbon-fiber monolith through using filamentous fungi as feedstock. The fungi are cultured in solution within three days with biomass as nutrient, and fungi concentration reaches as high as 11 mg mL−1 on an average. Based on the rational control of fungi filtration and drying, fungi membrane or aerogel was obtained. Through pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere, intact carbon-fiber monolith (membrane or aerogel) was formed and its conductivity was more than 1 S cm−1. The carbon-fiber aerogel and membrane synthesized at 800 °C was doped by N (∼2.4 at%) and O (∼1.3 at%) and displayed a BET surface area of ∼305 and ∼20 m2 g−1, respectively. Mesopores and macropores were detected in the carbon materials. The carbon-fiber monolith showed promising capability to improve the cyclability and capacity of lithium–sulphur (Li–S) batteries, and are expected to be used as versatile electrode in energy storage.
An approach to the identification of selenium species in yeast extracts using pneumatically-assisted electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (1999)

An approach to the identification of unknown signals in selenium speciation analysis of yeast by reversed-phase chromatography with ICP-MS detection is described. The analytical strategy was based on: (i), heart-cutting of a Se-containing fraction in the reversed-phase chromatographic eluate followed by its lyophilization; (ii), pneumatically-assisted electrospray (ESI) MS and ESI tandem MS of the lyophilizate; and (iii) confirmation of the fragmentation pattern obtained using the sulfur analogue of the seleno compound that was expected to have been identified. The approach developed allowed the identification of Se–adenosylhomocysteine as the major selenium species in an extract of a selenized yeast sample.
Direct Fluorochrome-Labeled DNA Probes for Direct Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization to Chromosomes (2003)

Chromosomal in situ hybridization enables determination of the presence and location of DNA sequences complementary to a labeled probe along chromosomes and within interphase nuclei. The use of directly fluorochrome-labeled probes means that sites of probe hybridization can be directly visualized. Lengthy detection procedures, as in the indirect immunochemistry methods to detect biotin or digoxigenin, are not needed. However, because there is no signal amplification, sensitivity is limited and the system is used mostly to detect middle- to high-copy number (Fig. 1) or pooled probes, although antibody amplification of some fluorochrome labels is possible (1), and then the method must be evaluated in comparison with digoxigenin ( chapter 27 ) or biotin ( chapter 25 ).