gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Gas Sensor Utilizing a High Proton Affinity of Pyrrolopyrrole Derivatives (2005)

A high-performance hydrogen gas sensor has been developed that utilizes a proton affinity of 1,4-diketo-3,6-bis- (-pyridyl)-pyrrolo-[3,4-c]-pyrrole (DPPP) known as a red pigment. We found that the N atom of the pyridyl ring of the DPPP can easily be protonated by protons dissociated from to induce a remarkable change in electrical conductivity by several orders of magnitude. The sensor operates in two steps: the first step is the dissociation of by means of a sputtered Pd-layer, followed by capturing protons by the N atom of the pyridyl ring (proton acceptor). The device structure is: . The appealing feature of the device is the reversible operation at room temperature as characterized by a change in electrical resistivity by two orders of magnitude even under 0.05% . The material is quite stable and the device is simple and compact.
Adaptive Power Allocation Algorithm to Support Absolute Proportional Rates Constraint for Scalable OFDM Systems (2010)

It is generally hard to find the optimal solution for sub-channel and power allocation for a multiuser Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system that maximizes the overall system capacity given the proportional rate constraint. Most existing solutions either utilize a suboptimal sub-channel allocation and attempt to compute the optimal power allocation or assume uniform power distribution among sub-channels and attempt to optimize using the sub-channel allocation. It is observed that derived solutions do not necessarily satisfy the proportional rate constraint, also referred to as the fairness constraint, supplied in the problem formulation. This paper proposes an iterative algorithm that computes the optimal power allocation for a given sub-channel allocation scheme. Unlike previous solutions, the proposed solution does not make any assumptions regarding the channels or regarding the proportionality constants. Furthermore, the proposed solution satisfies the proportional rate constraint in the strictest sense and therefore can provide absolute or hard rate guarantees as opposed to soft ones as the case for previous algorithms. Presented numerical example, shows that the our algorithm outperforms the original optimal power allocation algorithm and achieves strict satisfaction of the fairness constraint.
Microrobot Assisted Laparoscopic Urological Surgery in a Canine Model (2008)

Miniature camera robots (microrobots) provide a mobile viewing platform. With added functionality these new robots have the potential to further evolve the robotic armamentarium for surgeons.
Substrate Fluorescence: Bane or Boon? (2007)

Substrates found in standard digital color printing applications frequently contain optical brightening agents. These agents fluoresce under UV light, thus increasing substrate reflectance in the short wavelength regime. The fluorescence phenomenon poses a considerable challenge in standard color management applications. This research presents a method of beneficially exploiting this phenomenon for a different application, namely watermarking. Information can be embedded in a printed color image that is perceptually invisible under normal illumination, and revealed via substrate fluorescence under UV illumination. The watermarking problem is formulated as an optimization problem that seeks pairs of colors exhibiting a close match under normal light, while producing visible luminance contrast under UV light. Models for predicting color under normal and UV light are described, and several successful watermarking examples are shown. From a practical standpoint, the approach requires no special colorants or media, and therefore can be offered at no extra cost to the user. Decoding of the watermark is easily accomplished with a common portable UV lamp.
Optoacoustic Imaging of Adult Zebrafish (2010)

Adult zebrafish is an important model organism not accessible by current optical imaging methods due to intense light scattering. Here selective-plane optoacoustic tomography yields high resolution whole-body reconstructions of the animal at late developmental stages.
System for Verifiable CT Radiation Dose Optimization Based on Image Quality. Part II. Process Control System (2013)

Implementation of an automated CT radiation dose optimization system led to verifiable simultaneous decrease in image noise variation and SSDE. The automated nature of the system provides the opportunity for consistent CT radiation dose optimization on a broad scale.
<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>O139 Conjugate Vaccines: Synthesis and Immunogenicity of<i>V. cholerae</i>O139 Capsular Polysaccharide Conjugates with Recombinant Diphtheria Toxin Mutant in Mice (2000)

Epidemiologic and experimental data provide evidence that a critical level of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the surface polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 (lipopolysaccharide) and of Vibrio cholerae O139 (capsular polysaccharide [CPS]) is associated with immunity to the homologous pathogen. The immunogenicity of polysaccharides, especially in infants, may be enhanced by their covalent attachment to proteins (conjugates). Two synthetic schemes, involving 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) as activating agents, were adapted to prepare four conjugates of V. cholerae O139 CPS with the recombinant diphtheria toxin mutant, CRMH21G. Adipic acid dihydrazide was used as a linker. When injected subcutaneously into young outbred mice by a clinically relevant dose and schedule, these conjugates elicited serum CPS antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes with vibriocidal activity to strains of capsulated V. cholerae O139. Treatment of these sera with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) reduced, but did not eliminate, their vibriocidal activity. These results indicate that the conjugates elicited IgG with vibriocidal activity. Conjugates also elicited high levels of serum diphtheria toxin IgG. Convalescent sera from 20 cholera patients infected with V. cholerae O139 had vibriocidal titers ranging from 100 to 3,200: absorption with the CPS reduced the vibriocidal titer of all sera to < or =50. Treatment with 2-ME reduced the titers of 17 of 20 patients to < or =50. These data show that, like infection with V. cholerae O1, infection with V. cholerae O139 induces vibriocidal antibodies specific to the surface polysaccharide of this bacterium (CPS) that are mostly of IgM class. Based on these data, clinical trials with the V. cholerae O139 CPS conjugates with recombinant diphtheria toxin are planned.
The Hydration Behavior of Partially Sulfated Fluidized Bed Combustor Sorbent (2005)

The efficiency of limestone sorbent utilization in fluidized bed combustors (FBCs) is low, because of incomplete sulfation of CaO. Hydration of the FBC ash can reactivate the partially sulfated sorbent, and the hydrated ash can be reinjected into the combustors as the SO2 sorbent. In this work, the rate of hydration, which is of primary importance in the reactivation process, is studied for FBC ash. The effects of major rate factors, temperature and particle size, are analyzed. At ambient temperature, the degree of hydration is well below 100% after 4 h of testing, suggesting the existence of a barrier to the complete conversion of CaO. The particle size effect on hydration rate appears to be complex, but can be interpreted in terms of the effects of heat and mass transfer. A model is proposed that gives a consistent description of the hydration behavior, and methods for enhancing the hydration are discussed.
The Crystal Structure of the Endothelial Protein C Receptor and a Bound Phospholipid (2002)

The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) shares approximately 20% sequence identity with the major histocompatibility complex class 1/CD1 family of molecules, accelerates the thrombin-thrombomodulin-dependent generation of activated protein C, a natural anticoagulant, binds to activated neutrophils, and can undergo translocation from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Blocking protein C/activated protein C binding to the receptor inhibits not only protein C activation but the ability of the host to respond appropriately to bacterial challenge, exacerbating both the coagulant and inflammatory responses. To understand how EPCR accomplishes these multiple tasks, we solved the crystal structure of EPCR alone and in complex with the phospholipid binding domain of protein C. The structures were strikingly similar to CD1d. A tightly bound phospholipid resides in the groove typically involved in antigen presentation. The protein C binding site is outside this conserved groove and is distal from the membrane-spanning domain. Extraction of the lipid resulted in loss of protein C binding, which could be restored by lipid reconstitution. CD1d augments the immune response by presenting glycolipid antigens. The EPCR structure is a model for how CD1d binds lipids and further suggests additional potential functions for EPCR in immune regulation, possibly including the anti-phospholipid syndrome.
Vitrification of Human ICSI/IVF Spermatozoa Without Cryoprotectants: New Capillary Technology (2012)

The aim of this study was to develop and to test the standardized aseptic technology of permeable cryoprotectant-free vitrification of human spermatozoa in capillaries (for intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] or in vitro fertilization [IVF]). To test the effect of vitrification on basic sperm parameters, each of 68 swim-up-prepared ejaculates from oligo-astheno-terato-zoospermic patients were aliquoted and distributed into 3 groups: 1) nontreated control, 2) 10 μL of spermatozoa cryopreserved by slow conventional freezing with glycerol-contented medium, and 3) 10 μL of spermatozoa vitrified in 50-μL plastic capillaries in culture medium with 0.25 M sucrose. Spermatozoa motility (1, 24, and 48 hours after warming), plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity, and spontaneous capacitation-like changes were determined after warming. Aseptic cryoprotectant-free vitrification showed a significantly stronger cryoprotective effect compared with conventional freezing. One hour after warming, motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal integrity were significantly higher than is observed for conventionally frozen spermatozoa (28% vs 18%, 56% vs 22%, and 55% vs 21%, respectively; P < .05), although lower than in fresh spermatozoa (35%, 96%, and 84%, respectively; P < .05). Capacitation-like changes did not differ significantly between vitrified and conventionally frozen samples (8% vs 9%, respectively; P > .1) (2% in fresh spermatozoa). The newly developed technology of aseptic vitrification of human spermatozoa in capillaries can effectively preserve these cells from cryo-injures. Spermatozoa, vitrified by this technology, are free from seminal plasma owing to swim-up preceding vitrification and are free from permeable cryoprotectants. They are ready for further use immediately after warming without any additional treatment. Therefore, the reported technology has a great potential for use in ICSI/IVF.
FHL3 negatively regulates human high-affinity IgE receptor β-chain gene expression by acting as a transcriptional co-repressor of MZF-1 (2005)

The high-affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI plays a key role in triggering allergic reactions. We recently reported that human FcepsilonRI beta-chain gene expression was down-regulated by a transcription factor, MZF-1, through an element in the fourth intron. In the present study, we found that this transcriptional repression by MZF-1 required FHL3 (four and a half LIM domain protein 3) as a cofactor. Yeast two-hybrid and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that FHL3 bound MZF-1 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of FHL3 in KU812 cells suppressed the beta-chain promoter activity through the element in the fourth intron in an MZF-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, results from pull-down assays and gel-filtration chromatography employing nuclear extracts indicated that MZF-1 and FHL3 formed a complex of high molecular mass with some additional proteins in the nucleus. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which was reported to decrease FcepsilonRI expression, induced the accumulation of FHL3 in the nucleus, in accordance with the repressive role of FHL3 in beta-chain gene expression.
Circadian Neuroendocrine Role in Age-Related Changes in Body Fat Stores and Insulin Sensitivity of the Male Sprague-Dawley Rat (1993)

A role for circadian neuroendocrine rhythms in the age-related development of obesity and insulin resistance was investigated in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. The phases and amplitudes of the plasma rhythms of several metabolic hormones (i.e., corticosterone, prolactin, insulin, and triiodothyronine) differed in lean, insulin-sensitive (3-week-old rats), insulin-resistant (8-week-old rats) and obese, insulin-resistant (44-week-old rats) animals. Simulation of the daily rhythms of endogenous corticosterone and prolactin by daily injections of the hormones at times corresponding to the peak levels found in 3-week-old rats reversed age-related increases in insulin resistance and body fat in older (5-6-month-old) rats. Ten such daily injections of corticosterone and prolactin in 12-14-week-old rats produced long-term reductions in body fat stores (30%), plasma insulin concentration (40%), and insulin resistance (60%) (determined by a glucose tolerance test) measured 11-14 weeks after the treatment. Alterations in circadian neuroendocrine rhythms may account for age-related changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the male Sprague-Dawley rat, and resetting of these rhythms by appropriately timed daily injections of corticosterone and prolactin may help maintain metabolism characteristic of younger animals.
Effect of pointing error on cooperative free space optical communication systems under different channel conditions (2014)

We have investigated the performance improvement of cooperative free space optical (FSO) communication over single input single output (SISO) system in this paper. Bit error rate (BER) analysis for gamma-gamma channel model, pointing error and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) has been demonstrated for SISO and cooperative system, as well as, where the performance improvement with different combining techniques in cooperative system has been discussed in this paper. Significant performance improvement is achieved in case of cooperative communication with the use of Maximal Ratio combining as compared to Equal Gain combining and Selection combining diversity combining techniques as reported in literature where pointing error deteriorates the system performance. Different channel environments, where direct and indirect links are facing different turbulence, are also analyzed in this paper.
Detecting Mean Changes in Data Streams (2011)

High speed data streams, ever more prevalent in our daily lives, are almost never stationary. In Web marketing applications, click-through data changes with the hour of the day and changes drastically on the weekend. The same phenomenon occurs in domains as diverse as traffic control, power grids, and stock trading. However, even the simplest change detection problem - the detection of changes in the mean of the distribution - is a multifaceted problem in which the number of false positives, the number of samples needed, the accuracy at which the change point is identified, and the computational resources needed, each have a cost and can all be traded against each other. We present a new mean change detection algorithm suitable for high speed data streams. The algorithm uses probabilistic bounds on the value to which a test statistics would converge in the long term to focus only on those points in the prefix of the stream at which a change might have occurred. We show that this selection limits the expected computational overhead per new sample to a constant, which is equivalent to that of the fastest known algorithms. On the other hand, we show that the detection accuracy, the detection delay, and the rate of false-positives of our new algorithm are all far better than those of those predecessors.
Kinetic Analysis of Product Inhibition in Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (2001)

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cycles between the Mn(II) and Mn(III) states during the catalyzed disproportionation of O(2)(*-), a catalysis that is limited at micromolar levels of superoxide by a peroxide-inhibited complex with the metal. We have investigated the role in catalysis and inhibition of the conserved residue Trp161 which forms a hydrophobic side of the active site cavity of MnSOD. Crystal structures of mutants of human MnSOD in which Trp161 was replaced with Ala or Phe showed significant conformational changes on adjacent residues near the active site, particularly Gln143 and Tyr34 which in wild-type MnSOD participate in a hydrogen bond network believed to support proton transfer during catalysis. Using pulse radiolysis and observing the UV absorbance of superoxide, we have determined rate constants for the catalytic dismutation of superoxide. In addition, the rates of formation and dissociation of the product-inhibited complex of these mutants were determined by direct observation of the characteristic visible absorption of the oxidized and inhibited states. Catalysis by W161A and W161F MnSOD was associated with a decrease of at least 100-fold in the catalytic rate of reduction of superoxide, which then promotes a competing pathway leading to product inhibition. The structural changes caused by the mutations at position 161 led to small changes, at most a 6-fold decrease, in the rate constant for formation of the inhibited complex. Solvent hydrogen isotope effects support a mechanism in which formation of this complex, presumably the peroxide dianion bound to the manganese, involves no rate-contributing proton transfer; however, the dissociation of the complex requires proton transfer to generate HO(2)(-) or H2O2.
Ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and the Immulite immunochemiluminescent third-generation assay: potential applications in prostate and breast cancers (1996)

We report an ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TRIFA) for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The assay is an improvement of our previous report (Clin Chem 1993;39:2108-14) and includes the utilization of two monoclonal antibodies and a one-step incubation period, which greatly reduces analysis time. The new method demonstrates a superior lower analytical limit of detection (< or = 1 ng/L), a wide dynamic range, absence of a hook effect at 10(6) ng/L PSA, and equimolarity for free PSA and PSA-antichymotrypsin complex. Also, we have compared several aspects of our TRIFA with a commercially available third-generation assay (Immulite). An evaluation of breast tumor cytosol extracts from 315 patients shows PSA immunoreactivity > 15 ng/g of total protein in 28% and 23% by TRIFA and Immulite analysis, respectively. Both methods demonstrate a significant association between breast tumor PSA immunoreactivity and progesterone and estrogen receptor positivity (P <0.001). Analysis of serum samples obtained for monitoring of postradical prostatectomy patients reveals significant PSA changes at concentrations undetectable by conventional methods. The significance of these results as well as the potential applications of ultrasensitive PSA assays in breast and prostate cancers are discussed.
Effect of On-Farm Heating and Storage of Milk on Cottage Cheese Yield (1982)

Effect of on-farm heat treatment of milk on cottage cheese yields was studied. Fresh, raw milk heated to 74C for 10 s was cooled and stored for 7 days at 3C. Control and experimental lots of milk were separated and pasteurized at 72C for 15 s and were used to make cottage cheese. Microbiological, shelf-life, flavor, and texture studies showed the experimental lots of cheese were as good as or better than control lots. Yield of cottage cheese was significantly higher when made from heated milk.
New High Temperature Morphotropic Phase Boundary Piezoelectrics Based on Bi(Me)O<sub>3</sub>–PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2001)

New morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) piezoelectrics, with ferroelectric phase transition ( T c ) exceeding that of PbZrO 3 –PbTiO 3 (PZT), were investigated. Based on a perovskite tolerance factor- T c relationship, new high T c MPB systems were projected in the Bi(Me)O 3 –PbTiO 3 system, where Me is a relatively large B +3 -site cation. For the (1- x )BiScO 3 –( x )PbTiO 3 solid solution, a MPB was found at x -0.64 separating the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, with correspondingly enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric properties. A transition temperature T c of ∼ 450°C was determined with evidence of T c 's on the order of ≥ 600°C in the BiInO 3 and BiYbO 3 analogues, though issues of perovskite stability remain for the smaller tolerance end-member systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugation of Oligonucleotides via an Electrophilic Tether: N‐Chloroacetamidohexyl Phosphoramidite Reagent. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A chromosome‐scale reference genome and genome‐wide genetic variations elucidate adaptation in yak (2020)

Yak is an important livestock animal for the people indigenous to the harsh, oxygen-limited Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Hindu Kush ranges of the Himalayas. The yak genome was sequenced in 2012, but its assembly was fragmented because of the inherent limitations of the Illumina sequencing technology used to analyse it. An accurate and complete reference genome is essential for the study of genetic variations in this species. Long-read sequences are more complete than their short-read counterparts and have been successfully applied towards high-quality genome assembly for various species. In this study, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale yak genome assembly (BosGru_PB_v1.0) constructed with long-read sequencing and chromatin interaction technologies. Compared to an existing yak genome assembly (BosGru_v2.0), BosGru_PB_v1.0 shows substantially improved chromosome sequence continuity, reduced repetitive structure ambiguity, and gene model completeness. To characterize genetic variation in yak, we generated de novo genome assemblies based on Illumina short reads for seven recognized domestic yak breeds in Tibet and Sichuan and one wild yak from Hoh Xil. We compared these eight assemblies to the BosGru_PB_v1.0 genome, obtained a comprehensive map of yak genetic diversity at the whole-genome level, and identified several protein-coding genes absent from the BosGru_PB_v1.0 assembly. Despite the genetic bottleneck experienced by wild yak, their diversity was nonetheless higher than that of domestic yak. Here, we identified breed-specific sequences and genes by whole-genome alignment, which may facilitate yak breed identification.
Nebulized Versus Dry Powder Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist Bronchodilators in Patients With COPD and Suboptimal Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate (2019)

Revefenacin did not produce significant improvements in FEV1 versus tiotropium in the ITT population, but increased trough FEV<sub>1</sub> in patients with FEV<sub>1</sub> < 50% predicted and sPIFR. Clinical Trial Registration (www.Clinicaltrials.gov): Study 0149 (NCT03095456).