gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elementary Analysis of Petroleum Distillates by Gc-Aed: Validation and Application to the Calculation of Distillation Profile Properties (1999)

This article describes the development of elementary analysis in the distillation profile of petroleum cuts by gas phase chromatography-atomic emission detection (GC-AED) coupling and shows the application perspectives to characterisation of middle distillates of a piece of information unheard of until now on a routine basis. The performances of the analytical assembly used have been studied for carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen analysis. Simulated distillation, a gas phase chromatography analysis which enables determining the weight percentage of distilled matter in relation to the boiling point of petroleum cuts, has been adapted to GC-AED coupling. We have developed a method giving access to three types of information: global elementary composition, simulated distillation and elementary composition in distillation profile, i. e. by fraction (%) of the distilled product. The analysis of the atmospheric distillates has been assessed in terms of precision and bias for these various types of information. The validation was carried out notably by comparison with the results obtained using reference analytical methods, on preparative distillation cuts of representative samples. The application of GC-AED to characterisation of distillates is discussed, in particular for classification purposes and for predicting petroleum properties in the distillation profile. The cetane number of gas oils was taken as an example to illustrate the latter application.
Whey proteins as a food supplement in HIV-seropositive individuals. (1993)

On the basis of numerous animal experiments, a pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of undenatured, biologically active, dietary whey protein in 3 HIV-seropositive individuals over a period of 3 months. Whey protein concentrate was prepared so that the most thermosensitive proteins, such as serum albumin which contains 6 glutamylcysteine groups, would be in undenatured form. Whey protein powder dissolved in a drink of the patient's choice was drunk cold in quantities that were increased progressively from 8.4 to 39.2 g per day. Patients took whey proteins without adverse side effects. In the 3 patients whose body weight had been stable in the preceding 2 months, weight gain increased progressively between 2 and 7 kg, with 2 of the patients reaching ideal body weight. Serum proteins, including albumin, remained unchanged and within normal range, indicating that protein replenishment per se was not likely the cause of increased body weight. The glutathione content of the blood mononuclear cells was, as expected, below normal values in all patients at the beginning of the study. Over the 3-month period, glutathione levels increased in all 3 cases. In conclusion, these preliminary data indicate that, in patients who maintain an adequate total caloric intake, the addition of "bioactive" whey protein concentrate as a significant portion of total protein intake increases body weight and shows elevation of glutathione (GSH) content of mononuclear cells toward normal levels. This pilot study will serve as a basis for a much larger clinical trial.
Engineered Electrical Contacts (2021)

Contact resistance and current transport are important to nano scale electrical contacts, such as those based on thin films, carbon nanotube (CNT) networks, and novel two-dimensional (2D) materials. Current crowding at the contact edges lead to nonuniform heat deposition, formation of local hotspots, and in the worst scenario, thermal runaway and breakdown of the device. Contact resistance, on the other hand, severely limits the performance of low-dimensional material based electronics. In this study, we propose a method to design nanoscale electrical contacts with controlled current distribution and contact resistance via engineered spatially varying contact layer properties and geometry [1] [2] . From calculations based on transmission line model [3] [4] , we found that the contact current density greatly depends on the properties of the interfacial layer between the two contacting members. The nonuniformity of the current distribution can be reduced significantly by strategically designing the interfacial layer specific contact resistivity ρ c . The acute current crowding in highly conductive ohmic contacts can be reduced greatly by parabolically varying the ρ c along contact length, or by introducing a tunneling layer [5] between the contact members. We also found that the contact resistance for 2D material based Schottky contacts can be reduced significantly by roughness engineering of the interfacial layer [6] .
Adeno-associated virus vector system controlling capsid expression improves viral quantity and quality (2023)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are promising tools for gene therapy. The current AAV vector system produces an abundance of empty capsids that are eliminated before clinical use, leading to increased costs for gene therapy. In the present study, we established an AAV production system that regulates the timing of capsid expression using a tetracycline-dependent promoter. Tetracycline-regulating capsid expression increased viral yield and reduced empty capsids in various serotypes without altering AAV vector infectivity in vitro and in vivo. The replicase expression pattern change observed in the developed AAV vector system improved viral quantity and quality, whereas timing control of capsid expression reduced empty capsids. These findings provide a new perspective on the development of AAV vector production systems in gene therapy.
Synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Analogues with a Sugar Modified Nicotinamide Moiety (2007)

Abstract The synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) analogues in which the ribose unit of the nicotinamide moiety is replaced by a hexitol, altritol, and cyclohexenyl sugar mimic is described.
Activation of Mst1 causes dilated cardiomyopathy by stimulating apoptosis without compensatory ventricular myocyte hypertrophy (2003)

Activation of mammalian sterile 20–like kinase 1 (Mst1) by genotoxic compounds is known to stimulate apoptosis in some cell types. The importance of Mst1 in cell death caused by clinically relevant pathologic stimuli is unknown, however. In this study, we show that Mst1 is a prominent myelin basic protein kinase activated by proapoptotic stimuli in cardiac myocytes and that Mst1 causes cardiac myocyte apoptosis in vitro in a kinase activity–dependent manner. In vivo, cardiac-specific overexpression of Mst1 in transgenic mice results in activation of caspases, increased apoptosis, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, however, Mst1 prevents compensatory cardiac myocyte elongation or hypertrophy despite increased wall stress, thereby obscuring the use of the Frank-Starling mechanism, a fundamental mechanism by which the heart maintains cardiac output in response to increased mechanical load at the single myocyte level. Furthermore, Mst1 is activated by ischemia/reperfusion in the mouse heart in vivo. Suppression of endogenous Mst1 by cardiac-specific overexpression of dominant-negative Mst1 in transgenic mice prevents myocyte death by pathologic insults. These results show that Mst1 works as both an essential initiator of apoptosis and an inhibitor of hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes, resulting in a previously unrecognized form of cardiomyopathy.
A Simplified Design for MIMO System with Symbol Spreading (2007)

In this paper, we propose a simplified MIMO transmission scheme combined with symbol spreading, which can improve system performance without additional bandwidth or power resources under fast Rayleigh flat fading channels. The same scheme can also be viewed as a design of space-frequency codes for MIMO-OFDM systems with large frequency selectivity. The tensor product is used to generate rotation matrices for MIMO systems from well-designed ones that are known for single-antenna systems. Because of the lattice-based structure, sphere decoding can be employed to reduce the complexity of ML decoding while maintaining the near ML performance. Moreover, MMSE receivers can also be used due to the systematic structure at the transmitter. Simulation results have been provided to support good performance of the proposed scheme for uncoded system as well as coded system under IEEE 802.11n channel modeling.
Measurement of integrated backscatter coefficient of trabecular bone (2002)

Recent studies, including comparison between acoustic properties of bone tissue and bone mass density or micro-architectural parameters derived from histomorphometry have led to the conclusion that ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in the frequency range 200-600 kHz reflects mainly bone quantity, and microarchitecture to a smaller extent. Ultrasonic tissue characterization based on spectrum analysis of backscattered ultrasound has shown the potential to provide the information needed for the characterization of tissue structure. The authors' goal was to evaluate the ability of integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) to provide additional structural information unrelated to bone mass density (BMD). Integrated backscatter coefficient was measured in the frequency range 200-600 kHz and compared to bone mass density and to ultrasonic attenuation and velocity in 15 human calcaneal (heel bone) specimens, removed from cadavers. Ultrasonic measurements were performed using a matched pair of focused broadband 0.5 MHz transducers. A standard through-transmission insertion method was used to derive the slope of frequency-dependent attenuation coefficient (known as nBUA dB/cmMHz) and ultrasonic bone velocity (UBV). IBC was measured using a reference signal on a steel plate. BMD was measured using X-ray quantitative computed tomography. BMD could explain 68% of the variability of IBC. This indicates that IBC is sensitive to bone properties in a way that BMD alone is not. Modifications of scattering with aging may be explained by the alteration of the micro-architecture of cancellous bone. Significant differences were obtained in BUA (p<0.005), UBV (p<0.005), IBC (p<0.0005), and BMD (p<0.01) among males and females. However, IBC showed a slightly higher sex-related difference than other parameters. This result might be explained by the difference in bone remodeling with aging which is usually observed in men and women.
Searchable Symmetric Encryption: Optimal Locality in Linear Space via Two-Dimensional Balanced Allocations (2021)

Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) enables a client to store a database on an untrusted server while supporting keyword search in a secure manner. Despite the rapidly increasing interest in SSE technology, experiments indicate that the performance of the known schemes scales badly to large databases. Somewhat surprisingly, this is not due to their usage of cryptographic tools, but rather due to their poor locality (where locality is defined as the number of non-contiguous memory locations the server accesses with each query). The only known schemes that do not suffer from poor locality suffer either from an impractical space overhead or from an impractical read efficiency (where read efficiency is defined as the ratio between the number of bits the server reads with each query and the actual size of the answer). We construct the first SSE schemes that simultaneously enjoy optimal locality, optimal space overhead, and nearly-optimal read efficiency. Specifically, for a database of size N , under the modest assumption that no keyword appears in more than N1−1/ log logN documents, we construct a scheme with read efficiency O(log logN). This essentially matches the lower bound of Cash and Tessaro (EUROCRYPT ’14) showing that any SSE scheme must be sub-optimal in either its locality, its space overhead, or its read efficiency. In addition, even without making any assumptions on the structure of the database, we construct a scheme with read efficiency O(logN). Our schemes are obtained via a two-dimensional generalization of the classic balanced allocations (“balls and bins”) problem that we put forward. We construct nearly-optimal twodimensional balanced allocation schemes, and then combine their algorithmic structure with subtle cryptographic techniques. ∗IBM Research. Email: gsasharo@us.ibm.com. This work was completed while the author was a post-doctoral researcher at the Hebrew University’s School of Computer Science and Engineering. †Incumbent of the Judith Kleeman Professorial Chair, Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Email: moni.naor@weizmann.ac.il. Research supported in part by the Israel Science Foundation and by the Israeli Centers of Research Excellence (I-CORE) Program (Center No. 4/11). ‡School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. Email: {segev,ido shahaf}@cs.huji.ac.il. Supported by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant No. 483/13) and by the Israeli Centers of Research Excellence (I-CORE) Program (Center No. 4/11).
Collaborative Learning of Semi-Supervised Segmentation and Classification for Medical Images (2019)

Medical image analysis has two important research areas: disease grading and fine-grained lesion segmentation. Although the former problem often relies on the latter, the two are usually studied separately. Disease severity grading can be treated as a classification problem, which only requires image-level annotations, while the lesion segmentation requires stronger pixel-level annotations. However, pixel-wise data annotation for medical images is highly time-consuming and requires domain experts. In this paper, we propose a collaborative learning method to jointly improve the performance of disease grading and lesion segmentation by semi-supervised learning with an attention mechanism. Given a small set of pixel-level annotated data, a multi-lesion mask generation model first performs the traditional semantic segmentation task. Then, based on initially predicted lesion maps for large quantities of image-level annotated data, a lesion attentive disease grading model is designed to improve the severity classification accuracy. Meanwhile, the lesion attention model can refine the lesion maps using class-specific information to fine-tune the segmentation model in a semi-supervised manner. An adversarial architecture is also integrated for training. With extensive experiments on a representative medical problem called diabetic retinopathy (DR), we validate the effectiveness of our method and achieve consistent improvements over state-of-the-art methods on three public datasets.
Recovery of phase inconsistencies in continuously moving table extended field of view magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions (2005)

MR images formed using extended FOV continuously moving table data acquisition can have signal falloff and loss of lateral spatial resolution at localized, periodic positions along the direction of table motion. In this work we identify the origin of these artifacts and provide a means for correction. The artifacts are due to a mismatch of the phase of signals acquired from contiguous sampling fields of view and are most pronounced when the central k-space views are being sampled. Correction can be performed using the phase information from a periodically sampled central view to adjust the phase of all other views of that view cycle, making the net phase uniform across each axial plane. Results from experimental phantom and contrast-enhanced peripheral MRA studies show that the correction technique substantially eliminates the artifact for a variety of phase encode orders.
Interoperability of Line Differential Protection (2020)

Line differential protection is used for a long time to protect overhead lines and cables in transmission and distribution systems. The basic principle of line differential protection is Kirchhoff’s current law. Due to this principle line differential protection is strictly selective to clear faults on the protected line.To apply Kirchhoff’s current law a line differential protection needs the currents from both ends of the protected line. The currents from the local end can be measured directly by means of current transformers, connected to the line differential protection device. The remote end currents however cannot be measured directly by the local line differential protection device. In general, the remote end currents are measured by a line differential protection device of same type and afterwards sent via communication link.Due to bandwidth restrictions of the communication link, differences in pre-processing of the measured values and other device specific implementations there is no interoperability of line differential protection. In general line differential protection requires both devices to be from the same manufacturer. Often the same device type or even the same firmware version is required. Today there is no interoperability for line differential protection. In case one substation gets an update of the line differential protection, the remote substation needs an update of the related line differential protection too.This paper describes an actual case how interoperability was achieved for line differential protection of different protection platforms of one manufacturer. The problems and limitations for this use case are explained in detail.In addition to this the paper suggests an implementation of line differential protection based on sampled measured values and GOOSE according to IEC61850 and IEC61869. With this approach, the communication interface between the line differential protection devices becomes interoperable. More flexible solutions are found to be possible. For instance, a line differential scheme might consist of only one line differential relay, receiving sampled measured values from a merging unit located at the remote end. The trip command for the remote end might be transferred back via GOOSE to the merging unit located at the remote end. For redundancy even two different line differential protection relays could be used feeding each other with the sampled measured values from the remote end.
A microfluidic device for TEM sample preparation (2020)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows for visualizing and analyzing viral particles and has become a vital tool for the development of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals. However, appropriate TEM sample preparation is typically done manually which introduces operator-based dependencies and can lead to unreliable results. Here, we present a capillary-driven microfluidic single-use device that prepares a TEM grid with minimal and non-critical user interaction. The user only initiates the sample preparation process, waits for about one minute and then collects the TEM grid, ready for imaging. Using Adeno-associated virus (AAV) particles as the sample and NanoVan® as the stain, we demonstrate microfluidic consistency and show that the sample preparation quality is sufficient for automated image analysis. We further demonstrate the versatility of the microfluidic device by preparing two protein complexes for TEM investigations using two different stain types. The presented TEM sample preparation concept could alleviate the problems associated with human inconsistency in manual preparation protocols and allow for non-specialists to prepare TEM samples.
Nonvolatile static read/write memory cell using CMNOS structure (1977)

A new type of nonvolatile static read/write memory cell constructed with three MOS transistors and one MNOS transistor is proposed. The MNOS transistor and one of the MOS transistors involved are complementary combined to offer binary states in the Λ-shaped <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I-V</tex> curve for memory operation under normal power supply. Upon power failure, the MNOS transistor acts as a back-up element for nonvolatility. The new cell is characterized by advantageous features such as small cell size, simple peripheral circuit, operation with a unipolar power supply and low standby power consumption.
Characteristic study of vector-controlled direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generator in wind power generation (2008)

With the advance of power electronic technology, direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) have drawn more and more interests to wind turbine manufactures due to the advantages in PMSG wind turbine integration with the electric grid. This paper focuses on the analysis of PMSG characteristics through computer simulation. Compared to other analytical approaches, the specific features of the paper are 1) a PMSG steady-state model in d-q reference frame, 2) simulation-based study that reflects general PMSG d-q control strategies, and 3) characteristic study in both fixed and variable speed point of view. Extensive simulation analysis is performed to inspect how PMSG characteristics are affected by different d-q control conditions, such as torque, and real and reactive-power versus speed characteristics.
Conceptual Design Features for a Passive Light Water Cooled and Moderated Pressure Tube Reactor (PLPTR) (1994)

Key conceptual features are developed for a passive light water cooled and moderated pressure tube reactor having a total thermal output of 4029 MW(thermal) and net electric power of 1260 MW(electric), compatible with passive safety features that can ensure integrity of the fuel and reusability of the major reactor components without the requirement of delivery of emergency coolant makeup inventory. The concept of passive heat removal applied in this design combines heat storage, thermal conduction, radiation, natural circulation of light water in a moderator system under one atmosphere, and a natural draft air cooling system. Feasibility studies concerning normal heat transport, accident decay heat removal, materials compatibility, and reactor physics for criticality and feedback effects were carried out for the associated design features. The basic feasibility of the subject concept was confirmed by these analyses.
THE USE AND EVALUATION OF 2+2 PHOTOADDITION IN IMMOBILIZATION OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES ON A THREE DIMENSIONAL HYDROGEL MATRIX (2001)

Photochemical attachment of synthetic oligonucleotides on the three dimensional surface of a polyacrylamide based hydrogel was used in the specific detection of target oligonucleotides. Covalent attachment of the oligonucleotide to the hydrogel was mediated by the incorporation of a 2 + 2 photo-attachable functional group in both the hydrogel and the oligonucleotide probe. Expression and SNP assays were used to evaluate this platform.
Relationships of Feeding and Mother's Own Milk with Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Preterm Infants (2016)

The presence of f-CP may represent a response to milk volumes and MOM, which represents normal development rather than always implicating pathological inflammation in the VLBW infant.