gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of Melanoma Antigen Specific T Cells From Human Ips Cells Using a Feeder Free System. (2012)

Abstract Abstract 2292 iPS cells can be induced from various types of somatic cells by reprogramming them using Yamanaka factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc). They are reported to be very similar to ES cells in many respects, such as gene expression pattern and multipotency. They are expected to be used as a cell source for production of various types of cells to be used in regeneration medicine. In this study, we planned to use iPS cells as a progenitor source for immune cell therapy. For this purpose, iPS cells derived from a lymphocyte that shows a certain antigen-specificity are preferable, because antigen specificity is inherited to iPS cells made from the lymphocyte. For example, if iPS cell are produced from cytotoxic T cells specific to a tumor antigen, T cells generated from these T-iPS can be used in cell therapy for patients bearing cancer. We have succeeded in establishing iPS cells from human mature T cells (T-iPS cells), namely from whole CD3+ cells or CD4−CD8+ cells of cord blood as well of adult peripheral blood. These T-iPS cells were confirmed to bear productively rearranged TCRβ chain gene. These T-iPS cells were differentiated to CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells and eventually into CD8+ single positive T cells expressing αβTCR in an in vitro co-culture system using OP9-DL1 stromal cells. Such T cell induction occurred more efficiently from T-iPS cells than from human ES cells or from iPS cells derived from other cell types. Sequence analysis of their TCRβ chain suggests that these T cells preserved their original antigen specificity. To confirm that T-iPS cells can generate antigen specific T cells we established T-iPS cells from mature cytotoxic T cells specific to MART-1 (Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1) epitope. These MART-1 T-iPS cells were differentiated in vitro until CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells. By stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody, DP cells generated in vitro from MART1-T-iPS cells turned into a large number of CD8+ T cells specific to MART-1, which produced a substantial amount of IFNg upon TCR stimulation. The present study thus provides a novel method for cloning and expanding CD8+ T cells specific to a given antigen, which can be potentially applied for cell therapy against cancer. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Control of carry-over contamination for PCR-based DNA methylation quantification using bisulfite treated DNA (2006)

In this study, we adapted the well known uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) carry-over prevention system for PCR, and applied it to the analysis of DNA methylation based on sodium bisulfite conversion. As sodium bisulfite treatment converts unmethylated cytosine bases into uracil residues, bisulfite treated DNA is sensitive to UNG treatment. Therefore, UNG cannot be used for carry-over prevention of PCR using bisulfite treated template DNA, as not only contaminating products of previous PCR, but also the actual template will be degraded. We modified the bisulfite treatment procedure and generated DNA containing sulfonated uracil residues. Surprisingly, and in contrast to uracil, 6-sulfonyl uracil containing DNA (SafeBis DNA) is resistant to UNG. We showed that the new procedure removes up to 10,000 copies of contaminating PCR product in a closed PCR vessel without significant loss of analytical or clinical sensitivity of the DNA methylation analysis.
SmartCache: Application layer caching to improve performance of large-scale memory mapping (2016)

Today's applications are increasingly using memory mapped files for managing large volumes of data in hoping to enjoy the performance benefits of memory mapping compared with traditional file IO. Memory mapped files uses the OS page caching mechanism to save expensive system call and copying. However, as we find out, a naive usage of memory mapped files will cause severe performance problem due to the ineffective usage of physical memory. We propose a solution called SmartCache to address the performance issue. SmartCache maintains an application-layer caching space to more effectively use the physical memory. SmartCache can be implemented inside an application or as an independent library for applications to use.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of single molecules on a chip (2006)

We demonstrate fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with single molecule sensitivity using planar integrated optofluidics. An analytic model to describe the diffusion characteristics inside liquid-core waveguides is developed and used to determine molecule concentration and mobility.
Image reconstruction for the circle-and-arc trajectory (2005)

Proposed is an exact shift-invariant filtered backprojection algorithm for the circle-and-arc trajectory. The algorithm has several important features. First, it allows for the circle to be incomplete. Second, axial truncation of the cone beam data is allowed. Third, the length of the arc is determined only by the region of interest and is independent of the size of the entire object. The algorithm is quite flexible and can be used for even more general trajectories that consist of several circular segments and arcs. The algorithm applies also in the case when the circle (or, circles) is complete. A numerical experiment with the clock phantom demonstrated good image quality.
Size-Selective Sub-micrometer-Particle Confinement Utilizing Ionic Entropy-Directed Trapping in Inscribed Nanovoid Patterns (2021)

We have developed a single-step, high-throughput methodology to selectively confine sub-micrometer particles of a specific size into sequentially inscribed nanovoid patterns by utilizing electrostatic and entropic particle-void interactions in an ionic solution. The nanovoid patterns can be rendered positively charged by coating with an aluminum oxide layer, which can then localize negatively charged particles of a specific size into ordered arrays defined by the nanovoid topography. On the basis of the Poisson-Boltzmann model, the size-selective localization of particles in the voids is directed by the interplay between particle-nanovoid geometry, electrostatic interactions, and ionic entropy change induced by charge regulation in the electrical double layer overlapping region. The underlying principle and developed method could potentially be extended to size-selective trapping, separation, and patterning of many other objects including biological structures.
Prepolymer Preparation and Polymerization of Flame Retardant Chemicals in Cotton (1977)

The commercially available flame retardant chemical THPS (tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate) was processed into a prepolymer by first acidifying with an acid or acid salt and then ammoniating under controlled conditions. After the phosphorus-nitrogen prepolymer was applied to the cotton fabric, polymerization (or precipitation) occurred with the addition of base such as sodium hydroxide. The process described i s intended as a substitute for the currently used process, in which the THPS is alkalized prior to application to cotton cloth and polymerized by exposing the impregnated fabric to gaseous ammonia. The new technique eliminates the need for gaseous ammoniation, which requires specially designed ammonia reactor equipment and involves associated problems of monitoring, control, and hazardous release of ammonia into the environment. With certain alterations in the processing steps, energy could be conserved through elimination of at least one drying operation.
A method for fully automated measurement of neurological structures in MRI (2003)

A method for fully automating the measurement of various neurological structures in MRI is presented. This technique uses an atlas-based trained maximum likelihood classifier. The classifier requires a map of prior probabilities, which is obtained by registering a large number of previously classified data sets to the atlas and calculating the resulting probability that each represented tissue type or structure will appear at each voxel in the data set. Classification is then carried out using the standard maximum likelihood discriminant function, assuming normal statistics. The results of this classification process can be used in three ways, depending on the type of structure that is being detected or measured. In the most straightforward case, measurement of a normal neural sub-structure such as the hippocampus, the results of the classifier provide a localization point for the initiation of a deformable template model, which is then optimized with respect to the original data. The detection and measurement of abnormal structures, such as white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis patients, requires a slightly different approach. Lesions are detected through the application of a spectral matched filter to areas identified by the classifier as white matter. Finally, detection of unknown abnormalities can be accomplished through anomaly detection.
Stable, pulsed, color-center laser in pure KCl tunable from 123 to 135 μm (1988)

Stable, tunable, pulsed laser operation based on the N(2) color center in additively colored pure KCI is reported. The laser tunes smoothly from 1.23 to 1.35 microm when pumped by a 1.06-microm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at kilohertz repetition rates. 42-mW average output power at 1.28 microm was achieved for 1-W average incident pump power. No power fading has been observed over several weeks of day-to-day operation.
Low-rate hybrid Wyner-Ziv coding of Laplace-Markov source using uniform scalar quantization (2008)

Hybrid Wyner-Ziv coders which employ a combination of Wyner-Ziv coding and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) encoding have recently gained popularity for applications such as video coding. In this paper we analyze the low-rate operational rate distortion performance of Wyner-Ziv coding using uniform scalar quantization, in the context of such hybrid coders. Motivated by video we consider the compression of a first-order Laplace-Markov source, and derive approximate analytical rate and distortion expressions which are accurate at low rates. We utilize the derived analytical expressions to address the problem of determining the optimal quantization interval ratio of the Wyner-Ziv and DPCM scalar quantizers, for a range of rates.
48. Treatment of Methylmalonic Acidemia by Promoterless Gene-Targeting Using Adeno-Associated Viral (AAV) Mediated Homologous Recombination (2016)

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism most typically caused by mutations in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). While the hallmark of this disease is elevated levels of methylmalonic acid in the plasma, other disease related metabolites such as methylcitrate are elevated in the plasma as well. Patients with MMA suffer from frequent and potential lethal bouts of metabolic instability that can be eliminated by liver transplantation. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy has shown great promise as the treatment for MMA in a murine model of the disease. However, a majority of the AAV-treated mice developed hepatocellular cancer, which was determined to arise from AAV-mediated insertional mutagenesis. In an attempt to create a safer gene therapy platform for the treatment of MMA, we created a novel vector for site-specific gene addition of human MUT into the mouse albumin (Alb) locus. This promoterless AAV vector contains a 2A-peptide coding sequence proximal to a codon-optimized human MUT gene. The 2A-MUT sequence is flanked by arms of homology immediately upstream of mouse Alb stop codon. Since albumin is expressed exclusively in hepatocytes, we prepared an AAV serotype 8 vector to take advantage of the murine liver tropism conferred by this capsid. This newly created vector was named AAV8-Alb-A2-MUT. After site-specific integration of the vector into the Alb locus in the liver, ribosomal skipping generates both Alb and MUT as separate proteins derived from the same transcript. We delivered a dose of 2.5e12 GC of AAV8-Alb-2A-MUT to five mice with MMA by intraperitoneal injection at birth. At one month post-injection, we observed increased hepatic expression of the MUT by western blot, improved growth and a significant reduction of disease related metabolites, in the treated MMA mice (Table 1). This gene delivery approach is anticipated to provide permanent hepatic transgene expression while reducing the risk of off-target integration and vector-mediated insertional mutagenesis.Table 1Markers of Correction in MMA Murine ModelUntreated (n=3-8)AAV8-Alb-A2-MUT (n=5)P ValuePercent of Wild-type Mut ExpressionND11.3+/-9.1NAPlasma Methylmalonic Acid (uM)969+/−396563+/−98<0.05Plasma Methylcitrate (nM)5, 020+/−8732, 904+/−638<0.0001Weight at 1 Month6.9+/−1.610.7+/−0.6<0.003 Open table in a new tab
A General-Purpose Microprocessor-Based Control Circuit for a Three-Phase Controlled Rectifier Bridge (1986)

A novel general-purpose microprocessor-based control circuit for a three-phase controlled rectifier is presented. The performance exhibited by the controller is superior to previously presented circuits. The firing angle is smoothly controlled in the range of 0 to 180/s=deg/ with a fast response and a constant open loop gain, even for the cases where the converter is fed by a weak ac system of unregulated frequency. The synchronization between the line and VCO is implemented by an efficient software-controlled PLL. The effect of source impedance in delaying the synchronization signal has been properly compensated for by the-control circuit. The implementation of the compensation circuit is also presented. The hardware and software control circuit implementation built around an 8086 microprocessor is discussed, and the experimental results are given.
Microstructure and properties of epitaxial ferroelectric bismuth-layered perovskite thin films grown on Si[100] with a polarization component perpendicular to the film plane (2002)

Epitaxial ferroelectric films of the bismuth-layered perovskites SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ and Ba/sub 2/Bi/sub 4/Ti/sub 5/O/sub 18/ with uniform [116]- and [001]-orientation, resp., are grown by laser deposition on Si[100] substrates covered with suitable epitaxial buffer and electrode layers. These films have a component of the spontaneous polarization perpendicular to the film plane, as it is required in NV-FRAM applications. Crystallographic orientations are analysed by XRD, ferroelectrical properties including fatigue behaviour are determined, and microstructure investigations are performed by AFM and (high-resolution) TEM of plan-view and cross section samples. Specific, non-trivial in-plane orientations, multiple twins, and new types of lattice defects have been observed and are discussed.
POSTER (2016)

Ransomware is one of the rising malwares in the crimeware family. It encrypts the user files and demands extortion money. From the perspective of an enterprise it is very crucial to detect and stop a ransomware attack. A well studied technique is to monitor file system behavior for suspicious activity. In this work we will show the gap in the existing state of art and describe a dynamic system which learns new behavior while under attack.
Production of carrier-free H<sup>11</sup> CN (2024)

A method of synthesizing H<sup>11</sup>CN involving the proton irradiation of N<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> to produce a mixture of <sup>11</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> followed by the reaction of <sup>11</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> to produce H<sup>11</sup>CN and the separation of carrier free H<sup>11</sup>CN.
Detection of Antibodies to the Nonstructural 3C Proteinase of Hepatitis A Virus (1997)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins of the virus. However, vaccination with an inactivated vaccine produces antibodies exclusively to the structural proteins. Current diagnostic assays, such as the Abbott HAVAB test, used to determine exposure to HAV detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and as a result are not able to distinguish between a natural infection and vaccination with an inactivated virus. Therefore, an ELISA was developed that is specific for antibodies to the nonstructural protein 3C of HAV and thus serves to document the occurrence of viral replication. Antibodies to the proteinase were not detected by this assay in serum from HAVAB-seropositive primates that were immunized with inactivated HAV. However, antibodies to the proteinase were detected in the serum of all primates experimentally infected with virulent HAV and in the serum of naturally infected humans.
Imaging and negative refraction in left-handed metamaterials (2005)

Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in a photonic crystal are demonstrated in waveguide and free space experiments at microwave frequencies. Precision control to achieve tailor-made refractive indices has been achieved. The negative refraction in these photonic crystals is shown to lead to imaging by a flat lens. We have also developed a generalized theory of flat lens imaging. These results promise potential applications in a variety of optical and microwave systems for communications and imaging.
High‐deflection‐sensitivity CRTs with filled yoke (2002)

Abstract— The trend towards slim CRTs requires deflection yokes (DYs) with an improved deflection sensitivity. We present a new method to improve the deflection sensitivity by 15–25% by filling the space between the ferrite core and deflection coils with a soft magnetic material. The effect was analyzed in terms of a simplified two‐dimensional model. These model calculations were confirmed by three‐dimensional simulations and by experiments on a DY design for the Philips 29‐in. Real Flat CRT.
Improvement of electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon-contacted diodes after forward bias stressing (1990)

Improvement of the electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) contacted n+-p diodes after application of a forward bias stressing is reported. The improvement existed for diodes whose emitter-implanted doses of arsenic were larger than 6×1015 cm−2 for HF-dipped devices, and 1×1016 cm−2 for H2SO4 heat-treated devices. The improvement is believed to be due to the neutralization by arsenic of dangling bonds at polysilicon grain boundaries and at the poly/mono silicon interfaces during the stressing process.
A new biaxial silicon resonant micro accelerometer (2011)

A new biaxial silicon resonant accelerometer characterized by a high sensitivity and a low cross-axis sensitivity is presented in this paper. The device allows for the simultaneous measure of acceleration acting along two different axes using two couples of resonating slender beams linked to two couples of flexible beams and to a proof mass. The conceptual scheme used for the biaxial resonant accelerometer is similar to the one applied for the uniaxial resonant accelerometer reported in. Experimental results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of 201 Hz/g around a resonance frequency of 84 kHz.
Catalytic conversion of light alkanes: Quarterly report, January 1-March 31, 1992 (1997)

The first Quarterly Report of 1992 on the Catalytic Conversion of Light Alkanes reviews the work done between January 1. 1992 and March 31, 1992 on the Cooperative Agreement. The mission of this work is to devise a new catalyst which can be used in a simple economic process to convert the light alkanes in natural gas to oxygenate products which can either be used as clean-burning, high octane liquid fuels, as fuel components or as precursors to liquid hydrocarbon transportation fuel. During the past quarter we have continued to design, prepare, characterize and test novel catalysts for the mild selective reaction of light hydrocarbons with air or oxygen to produce alcohols directly. These catalysts are designed to form active metal oxo (MO) species and to be uniquely active for the homolytic cleavage of the carbon-hydrogen bonds in light alkanes producing intermediates which can form alcohols. We continue to investigate three molecular environments for the active catalytic species that we are trying to generate: electron-deficient porphryinic macrocycles (PHASE I), polyoxometallates (PHASE II), and regular oxidic lattices including zeolites and related structures as well as other molecular surface structures having metal oxo groups (PHASE III).
Fast lock scheme for phase-locked loops (2009)

This paper describes a fast lock scheme for phaselocked loops (PLLs). The proposed scheme utilizes mostly digital logic and control to achieve significant reduction in PLL lock acquisition time, which enables dynamic power cycling for various sub-systems on SOC designs. Multiple Self-Bias PLLs having fast lock schemes were designed to operate at VCO frequencies from 1.6GHz to 5GHz, and fabricated using 65nm CMOS process. Silicon measurements indicate up to 75% reduction in worst-case PLL lock times over the device operating conditions.
Rheotaxis-based separation of sperm with progressive motility using a microfluidic corral system (2018)

The separation of motile sperm from semen samples is sought after for medical infertility treatments. In this work, we demonstrate a high-throughput microfluidic device that can passively isolate motile sperm within corrals inside a fluid channel, separating them from the rest of the diluted sample. Using finite element method simulations and proposing a model for sperm motion, we investigated how flow rate can provide a rheotaxis zone in front of the corral for sperm to move upstream/downstream depending on their motility. Using three different flow rates that provided shear rates above the minimum value within the rheotaxis zone, we experimentally tested the device with human and bovine semen. By taking advantage of the rheotactic behavior of sperm, this microfluidic device is able to corral motile sperm with progressive velocities in the range of 48-93 μm⋅s<sup>-1</sup> and 51-82 μm⋅s<sup>-1</sup> for bovine and human samples, respectively. More importantly, we demonstrate that the separated fractions of both human and bovine samples feature 100% normal progressive motility. Furthermore, by extracting the sperm swimming distribution within the rheotaxis zone and sperm velocity distribution inside the corral, we show that the minimum velocity of the corralled sperm can be adjusted by changing the flow rate; that is, we are able to control the motility of the separated sample. This microfluidic device is simple to use, is robust, and has a high throughput compared with traditional methods of motile sperm separation, fulfilling the needs for sperm sample preparation for medical treatments, clinical applications, and fundamental studies.
The visual computing of projector-camera systems (2008)

This article focuses on real-time image correction techniques that enable projector-camera systems to display images onto screens that are not optimized for projections, such as geometrically complex, colored and textured surfaces. It reviews hardware accelerated methods like pixel-precise geometric warping, radiometric compensation, multi-focal projection, and the correction of general light modulation effects. Online and offline calibration as well as invisible coding methods are explained. Novel attempts in super-resolution, high dynamic range and high-speed projection are discussed. These techniques open a variety of new applications for projection displays. Some of them will also be presented in this report.