gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
M-Code: Using Software Receiver (2004)

Software radio approach allows flexibility, versatility and is particularly suited for the design and development of new systems and receivers. CRS has developed novel software radio development platform which allows both simulation and real time implementation in a one-step process. The software radio approach has been used to design and develop a variety of GPS and similar systems and presented in numerous papers. In this paper we describe the development of M-code receiver and their characteristics using the software development platform. Since the M-code signal is not currently available, we used software simulator in conjunction with our high speed data storage and replay units to generate M-code signals. In this scheme, the M-code signal along with C/A and P-code signals are generated using software and the data file is stored into the continuous data storage and replay unit with storage capabilities of several Terabytes. These units are capable of high throughput (up to 240 MBPS) and the stored data can be replayed directly into the software receiver or can be upconverted to L1 and L2 signals providing live R.F. signals. This approach allows simulation of signal conditions not possible using conventional simulators. The M-code signal simulator and M-code receivers have been used by several organizations and validated. The simulator incorporates puncture code signal, Frequency Hopping (FH) signal and Time Division Data Modulation (TDDM) and several receiver architectures have been investigated. The software receiver approach provides the much needed flexibility for the future of the navigational systems.
Photosynthetic Pigmentation—Variegations on a Theme (1999)

Plant pigmentation has been of major interest to horticulturists for millennia. The ancient Egyptians, for example, cultivated the madder plant ( Rubia tinctorum ) as a source of dye for the ornamentation of mummies, and tribal peoples living before the Common Era in northern Britain tattooed their
Beta-phased Ni(OH)2 nanowall film with reversible capacitance higher than theoretical Faradic capacitance (2011)

β-Ni(OH)(2) was constructed into a three-dimensional mesoporous film on Ni foam with ultra-thin (∼6 nm) primary nanowalls showing ultrahigh specific capacitance (2675 F g(-1)) and excellent cycling performance (>96% for 500 cycles). The capacitance was higher than theoretical value possibly due to the combination of Faradic and electrical double-layer capacitances.
Research on Operating Mechanism for Ultra-Fast 40.5-kV Vacuum Switches (2015)

The continuous development of the voltage-source-converter-based multiterminal high-voltage direct-current transmission system has led to a great need for dc circuit breakers to isolate short-circuit faults in the dc side. The operating time of dc breakers is mainly dependent on the mechanical contacts separation time. In this paper, three key units of the ultra-fast operating mechanism, including drive unit, buffer unit, and holding unit were investigated. A prototype of the 40.5-kV ultra-fast vacuum switch has been developed where the Thomson-coil actuator (TCA) is used to fulfill the function of the drive unit and the buffer unit, and a bistable spring mechanism is used as the holding unit. The state equations of the bidirectional TCA used as the drive unit and buffer unit in the operating process are completed based on the equivalent circuit method and finite-element method. The experimental and simulation results of the prototype are compared and they are in good agreement as expected. Therefore, the mathematical model is verified. The factors that influence the drive unit and the buffer unit performances are discussed. The achieved operating time of the prototype is about 2.3 ms.
Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers in Heart Failure (2019)

Homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is maintained by physiological functions of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS). In pathophysiological conditions, over activation of RAAS leads to an increase in the concentration of Angiotensin II (AngII) and over activation of Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor (AT1R), resulting in vasoconstriction, sodium retention and change in myocyte growth. It causes cardiac remodeling in the heart which results in left ventricular hypertrophy, dilation and dysfunction, eventually leading to Heart Failure (HF). Inhibition of RAAS using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality due to HF. ACEi have been shown to have higher drug withdrawal rates due to discomfort when compared to ARBs; therefore, ARBs are the preferred choice of physicians for the treatment of HF in combination with other anti-hypertensive agents. Currently, eight ARBs have been approved by FDA and are clinically used. Even though they bind to the same site of AT1R displacing AngII binding but clinical outcomes are significantly different. In this review, we described the clinical significance of each ARB in the treatment of HF and their clinical outcome.
The impact of KRAS mutations on VEGF-A production and tumour vascular network (2013)

Subtle changes in the molecular nature of KRAS oncogene activating mutations occurring in tumour cells have a major impact on the vascular strategy devised providing with new insights on the role of KRAS mutations on angiogenesis.
A conjugated microporous polymer based visual sensing platform for aminoglycoside antibiotics in water (2018)

A donor-acceptor based conjugated microporous polymer, PER@NiP-CMOP-1, has been synthesized which can achieve highly sensitive stereo-specific "Turn ON" biosensing of an aminoglycoside up to the ppb level. The coordination-driven inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer (d-PET) for d-electrons and the rotational freezing are the key factors for the recovery of the emission.
Studies on polymeric composites with Ni-Mn-Ga alloys and carbon nanotubes (2011)

In the first part of the study, the temperature and stress dependencies on the damping of bulk Ni-Mn-Ga alloys were studied. The measurements showed a significant decrease in the storage modulus values in martensite region for all alloys with an increasing temperature. The loss modulus values were almost constant in the martensite phase, decreasing to ∼ zero at the martensite to austenite transformation. The damping of bulk Ni-Mn-Ga decreased sharply at the transformation temperature. The stress dependency on the damping was measured for a non-modulated Ni-Mn-Ga alloy, showing a certain level of stress, twinning stress, which must be overcome before the twins in an Ni-Mn-Ga alloy can begin to move, and the damping due to the twin movement can be activated. \n Polymer composites were manufactured using Ni-Mn-Ga as powder, ribbons, and thin bulk. The adhesion between Ni-Mn-Ga and the polymers was studied for epoxies, silicones, and polyurethanes. Epoxies with different mechanical strength levels were tested, the epoxies with strength levels comparable to the used Ni-Mn-Ga showed improvements in passive damping. A magnetic circuit was constructed for dynamic mechanical analysis, and an improvement in damping was found with an external magnetic field and with Ni-Mn-Ga powder orientation in epoxy matrix. \n In the second part of the study, methyl methacrylate was in situ polymerized in the presence of carbon nanotubes. Both the low molecular weight anionic surfactants and amphiphilic copolymers with a significantly higher molecular weight were used as dispersing agents. Both types of surfactants were able to effectively disperse the multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the polymer matrix. Carbon nanotubes, surfactants, and initiators all had an influence on polymerization and on the molecular weight of the resulting polymer. The modulus values of the composites were improved, and the stress at break values improved or remained stable up to high carbon nanotube loading (6 wt.%), which further confirmed a good dispersion of carbon nanotubes. The electrical and thermal conductivities were both improved by the addition of carbon nanotubes. The composites were also tested as masterbatches. The electrical percolation threshold was lower with the masterbatch-approach than with the direct extrusion of carbon nanotubes and poly(methyl methacrylate). The viscosities of the melts had a significant influence on the extrusion and thus percolation threshold.
Trust Prediction via Matrix Factorisation (2019)

In this article, we propose the PTP-MF (Pairwise Trust Prediction through Matrix Factorisation) algorithm, an approach to predicting the intensity of trust and distrust relations in Online Social Networks (OSNs). Our algorithm maps each OSN user i onto two low-dimensional vectors, namely, the trustor profile (describing her/his inclination to trust others) and the trustee profile (modelling how others perceive i as trustworthy) and it computes the trust a user i places in a user j as the dot product of trustor profile of i and the trustee profile of j . The PTP-MF algorithm incorporates also biases in trustor and trustee behaviour to make more accurate predictions. Experiments on four real-life datasets indicate that the PTP-MF algorithm significantly outperforms other methods in accuracy and it showcases a high scalability.
Asymmetric segregation of protein aggregates is associated with cellular aging and rejuvenation (2008)

Aging, defined as a decrease in reproduction rate with age, is a fundamental characteristic of all living organisms down to bacteria. Yet we know little about the causal molecular mechanisms of aging within the in vivo context of a wild-type organism. One of the prominent markers of aging is protein aggregation, associated with cellular degeneracy in many age-related diseases, although its in vivo dynamics and effect are poorly understood. We followed the appearance and inheritance of spontaneous protein aggregation within lineages of Escherichia coli grown under nonstressed conditions using time-lapse microscopy and a fluorescently tagged chaperone (IbpA) involved in aggregate processing. The fluorescent marker is shown to faithfully identify in vivo the localization of aggregated proteins, revealing their accumulation upon cell division in cells with older poles. This accretion is associated with >30% of the loss of reproductive ability (aging) in these cells relative to the new-pole progeny, devoid of parental inclusion bodies, that exhibit rejuvenation. This suggests an asymmetric strategy whereby dividing cells segregate damage at the expense of aging individuals, resulting in the perpetuation of the population.
Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis: A Concise Review (2004)

The diagnosis of liver fibrosis has traditionally relied on liver biopsy. However, recent studies have suggested that there can be up to a 33 % error in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. In this article, we review the current status of liver biopsy as a gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and discuss the radiological and serum tests that have been proposed as potential adjuncts or alternatives to biopsies. Indirect markers of liver fibrosis which reflect alterations in liver function and or inflammation are discussed as well as more direct markers of liver fibrosis. The limitations of utilization of these markers for both cross-sectional diagnosis of fibrosis and monitoring disease progression or regression are discussed.
A duality model of TCP and queue management algorithms (2003)

We propose a duality model of end-to-end congestion control and apply it to understanding the equilibrium properties of TCP and active queue management schemes. The basic idea is to regard source rates as primal variables and congestion measures as dual variables, and congestion control as a distributed primal-dual algorithm over the Internet to maximize aggregate utility subject to capacity constraints. The primal iteration is carried out by TCP algorithms such as Reno or Vegas, and the dual iteration is carried out by queue management algorithms such as DropTail, RED or REM. We present these algorithms and their generalizations, derive their utility functions, and study their interaction.
Localized surface plasmon resonance frequency tuning in highly doped InAsSb/GaSb one-dimensional nanostructures (2016)

We report a detailed analysis of the influence of the doping level and nanoribbon width on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) by means of reflectance measurements. The plasmonic system, based on one-dimensional periodic gratings of highly Si-doped InAsSb/GaSb semiconductor nanostructures, is fabricated by a simple, accurate and large-area technique fabrication. Increasing the doping level blueshifts the resonance peak while increasing the ribbon width results in a redshift, as confirmed by numerical simulations. This provides an efficient means of fine-tuning the LSPR properties to a target purpose of between 8-20 μm (1250-500 cm(-1)). Finally, we show surface plasmon resonance sensing to absorbing polymer layers. We address values of the quality factor, sensitivity and figure of merit of 16 700 nm RIU(-1) and 2.5, respectively. These results demonstrate Si-doped InAsSb/GaSb to be a low-loss/high sensitive material making it very promising for the development of biosensing devices in the mid-infrared.
Mast Cell-Mediated Mechanisms of Nociception (2015)

Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that release immuno-modulators, chemo-attractants, vasoactive compounds, neuropeptides and growth factors in response to allergens and pathogens constituting a first line of host defense. The neuroimmune interface of immune cells modulating synaptic responses has been of increasing interest, and mast cells have been proposed as key players in orchestrating inflammation-associated pain pathobiology due to their proximity to both vasculature and nerve fibers. Molecular underpinnings of mast cell-mediated pain can be disease-specific. Understanding such mechanisms is critical for developing disease-specific targeted therapeutics to improve analgesic outcomes. We review molecular mechanisms that may contribute to nociception in a disease-specific manner.
Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Infiltration Characteristics of a Loess Landslide (2020)

Infiltration plays an important role in influencing slope stability. However, the influences of slope failure on infiltration and the evolution of infiltration over time and space remain unclear. We studied and compared the infiltration rates in undisturbed loess and disturbed loess in different years and at different sites on loess landslide bodies. The results showed that the average initial infiltration rate in a new landslide body (triggered on 11 October 2017) were dramatically higher than those in a previous landslide body (triggered on 17 September 2011) and that the infiltration rates of both landslide types were higher than the rate of undisturbed loess. The initial infiltration rate in the new landslide body sharply decreased over the 4–5 months following the landslide because of the appearance of physical crusts. Our observations indicated that the infiltration rate of the disturbed soil in a landslide evolved over time and that the infiltration rate gradually approached that of undisturbed loess. Furthermore, in the undisturbed loess, both the initial and quasi-steady infiltration rates were slightly higher in the loess than in the paleosol, and in the previous landslide body, the infiltration rate was highest in the upper part, intermediate in the middle part, and lowest in the lower part. This study can help us to better understand the evolution process of infiltration in undisturbed loess, previous landslides, and new landslides.
Noise reduction for curve‐linear structures in real time fluoroscopy applications using directional binary masks (2015)

The proposed algorithm was able to significantly reduce the amount of noise in the images and therefore increase the quality of the device segmentations compared to both the bilateral filter and the wavelet thresholding approach for all acquired noise levels using rotating directional filter kernels near line structures and isotropic kernels for the background. The application of the proposed algorithm for the 3D reconstruction of curvilinear devices from two views would allow a more accurate reconstruction of the device.
A novel poly(ethylene glycol)–fibrinogen hydrogel for tibial segmental defect repair in a rat model (2006)

The aim of this study is to investigate regeneration in a segmental bone defect using a novel fibrinogen-based hydrogel material. The use of hydrogels made from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugated to fibrinogen for this purpose may be better to conventional fibrin-based materials as it offers an additional degree of control over the structural characteristics and biodegradation of the material. At the same time, it maintains some of the inherent biofunctionality of the fibrinogen molecule. PEGylated fibrinogen hydrogels with various degrees of proteolytic resistance based on PEG and fibrinogen composition were designed for slow, intermediate, and fast biodegradation. The hydrogels were implanted into 7-mm segmental rat tibial defects without additional osteoinductive factors with the rationale that the ingrowth matrix will displace the normal fibrin clot while sustaining a similar healing effect for a longer duration. Histological and X-ray results confirmed that the extent and distribution of newly formed bone in the defect after 5 weeks strongly parallels the biodegradation pattern of the implanted material. When compared to nonunions in animals treated with the fast-degrading implants and untreated control animals, the rats implanted with the intermediate-degrading material exhibited osteoneogenesis. This data supports the hypothesis that the perseverance of the PEGylated fibrinogen material can be synchronized with the optimal healing characteristics of a segmental osseous defect and that the consequent sustained release of fibrinogen fragments facilitates the osteogenic response at the injury site. The PEGylated fibrinogen material may, therefore, be a highly efficacious material for promoting the healing of bone defects and especially nonunion fractures.
Self-splicing group I introns in eukaryotic viruses (1994)

We report the occurrence of self-splicing group I introns in viruses that infect the eukaryotic green alga Chlorella. The introns contained all the conserved features of primary sequence and secondary structure previously described for the group IB introns. The Chlorella viral introns (approximately 400 nt) self-spliced in vitro, yielding the typical group I intron splicing intermediates and products. Contrasting to eukaryotic nuclear group I introns, all of which are located in the rRNA genes, these introns were inserted in genes encoding proteins. In one case, the exons encoded a protein showing significant homology to the eukaryotic transcription factor SII (TFIIS), which may be important for viral gene expression. In another case, the gene for the open reading frame (ORF) of a 14.2 kDa polypeptide with unknown functions contained the intron. Scattered distribution of these introns among the viral species and their structural similarity to the group I introns of algae and protists indicated horizontal intron transmission. These eukaryotic viral introns offer an opportunity to understand how group I introns reach organisms of different phylogenetic kingdoms.
Cancer-selective antiproliferative activity is a general property of some G-rich oligodeoxynucleotides (2009)

Oligodeoxynucleotide libraries containing randomly incorporated bases are used to generate DNA aptamers by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). We predicted that combinatorial libraries with alternative base compositions might have innate properties different from the standard library containing equimolar A + C + G + T bases. In particular, we hypothesized that G-rich libraries would contain a higher proportion of quadruplex-forming sequences, which may impart desirable qualities, such as increased nuclease resistance and enhanced cellular uptake. Here, we report on 11 synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide libraries of various base combinations and lengths, with regard to their circular dichroism, stability in serum-containing medium, cellular uptake, protein binding and antiproliferative activity. Unexpectedly, we found that some G-rich libraries (composed of G + T or G + C nucleotides) strongly inhibited cancer cell growth while sparing non-malignant cells. These libraries had spectral features consistent with G-quadruplex formation, were significantly more stable in serum than inactive libraries and showed enhanced cellular uptake. Active libraries generally had strong protein binding, while the pattern of protein binding suggested that G/T and G/C libraries have distinct mechanisms of action. In conclusion, cancer-selective antiproliferative activity may be a general feature of certain G-rich oligodeoxynucleotides and is associated with quadruplex formation, nuclease resistance, efficient cellular uptake and protein binding.
Radiation Combined Injury: DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Autophagy (2010)

Radiation combined injury is defined as an ionizing radiation exposure received in combination with other trauma or physiological insults. The range of radiation threats we face today includes everything from individual radiation exposures to mass casualties resulting from a terrorist nuclear incident, and many of these exposure scenarios include the likelihood of additional traumatic injury. Radiation combined injury sensitizes target organs and cells and exacerbates acute radiation syndrome. Organs and cells with high sensitivity to combined injury are the skin, the hematopoietic system, the gastrointestinal tract, spermatogenic cells, and the vascular system. Among its many effects, radiation combined injury results in decreases in lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, platelets, stem cells, and tissue integrity; activation of the iNOS/NF-κB/NF-IL6 and p53/Bax pathways; and increases in DNA single and double strand breaks, TLR signaling, cytokine concentrations, bacterial infection, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm. These alterations lead to apoptosis and autophagy and, as a result, increased mortality. There is a pressing need to understand more about the body's response to combined injury in order to be able to develop effective countermeasures, since few currently exist. In this review, we summarize what is known about how combined injury modifies the radiation response, with a special emphasis on DNA damage/repair, signal transduction pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy. We also describe current and prospective countermeasures relevant to the treatment and prevention of combined injury.
Synthesis and functionalization of SSZ-13 as an NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR catalyst (2014)

Hydrothermal synthesis of Na-SSZ-13 using a low concentration of the structure-directing agent <italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>-trimethyl-1-adamantanimonium hydroxide and functionalization of the SSZ-13 framework through the introduction of Cu and Fe <italic>via</italic> ion exchange have been carried out.
Introduction (2008)

It is almost impossible to find examples of antisemitism that are exclusively racial, economic, or political, and free of religious configuration. The infamous, secular, and "racial" Nuremberg Laws of 1935, for example, employed the religious affiliation of Jews in order to identify them for discrimination. What else could they do? There is no such thing as race and so there was no authentic scientific way to detect the racial nature of a Jew.1 So the Nazis had to resort to using birth and baptismal records to establish who was a Jew, who was not. They checked seven records: four grandparents, two parents, and the person him or herself.KeywordsMoral PreceptRacial NatureEssential BeliefJewish NeighborAntagonistic PositionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.