gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification by Subtractive Hybridization of Sequences Specific for <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Enteritidis (2001)

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, a major cause of food poisoning, can be transmitted to humans through intact chicken eggs when the contents have not been thoroughly cooked. Infection in chickens is asymptomatic; therefore, simple, sensitive, and specific detection methods are crucial for efforts to limit human exposure. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to isolate DNA restriction fragments present in Salmonella serovar Enteritidis but absent in other bacteria found in poultry environments. Oligonucleotide primers to candidate regions were used in polymerase chain reactions to test 73 non-Enteritidis S. enterica isolates comprising 34 different serovars, including Dublin and Pullorum, two very close relatives of Enteritidis. A primer pair to one Salmonella difference fragment (termed Sdf I) clearly distinguished serovar Enteritidis from all other serovars tested, while two other primer pairs only identified a few non-Enteritidis strains. These primer pairs were also useful for the detection of a diverse collection of clinical and environmental Salmonella serovar Enteritidis isolates. In addition, five bacterial genera commonly found with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis were not detected. By treating total DNA with an exonuclease that degrades sheared chromosomal DNA but not intact circular plasmid DNA, it was shown that Sdf I is located on the chromosome. The Sdf I primers were used to screen a Salmonella serovar Enteritidis genomic library and a unique 4,060-bp region was defined. These results provide a basis for developing a rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection system for Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and provide sequence information that may be relevant to the unique characteristics of this serovar.
An in vitro coculture system for the detection of sensitization following aerosol exposure (2019)

The aim of the study was to develop an in vitro model that mimics the alveolar-capillary barrier and that allows assessment of the respiratory sensitizing potential of respiratory sensitizers. The 3D in vitro model cultured at the air liquid interface consists of alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549), endothelial cells (EA.hy926), macrophage-like cells (PMA-differentiated THP-1) and dendritic-like cells (non-differentiated THP-1). This alveolar model was exposed apically to nebulized chemical respiratory sensitizers (Phthalic Anhydride (PA) and TriMellitic Anhydride (TMA)) or irritants (Methyl Salicylate (MeSa) and Acrolein (Acr)) at concentrations inducing at maximum 25% of cytotoxicity. The exposure to respiratory sensitizers induced dendritic cells activation and a specific cytokine release pattern, while the irritants did not. In addition, the cell surface marker OX40L was determined for dendritic like cells activation to identify high molecular weight allergens. With this in vitro model we can postulate a set of promising markers based on the studied compounds that allow the discrimination of chemical respiratory sensitizers from irritants.
An electromagnetic wave mode transducer for TE20 mode in substrate integrated waveguide (2016)

A novel electromagnetic wave mode transducer for TE20 mode in a substrate integrated waveguide is proposed. The transducer contains two basic parts: the over-moded waveguide cavity section and the fundamental mode rejection section. To obtain a wideband mode transducer, an over-moded waveguide cavity is designed with multiple frequencies resonance. In the rejection section, an array of cylindrical metallic posts is installed along / next to the midline in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide to suppress the transmission of the fundamental mode. The transducer has the merits of low loss, wideband, and good mode purity. Moreover, the transducer can be easily fabricated and integrated with other planar circuits.
The vector magnetic field of the human stomach and small bowel (2002)

The authors recorded the vector biomagnetic field associated with gastrointestinal electrical activity in nine positions around the abdomen of 10 normal human volunteers using a vector SQUID magnetometer. Gastric activity with a frequency of 3.03/spl plusmn/0.18 cpm (mean /spl plusmn/SEM) was recorded with the magnetometer in the epigastrium. Small intestinal activity was also recorded in all abdominal positions with a frequency ranging between 9.0/spl plusmn/0.43 cpm in the lower abdomen to 10.5/spl plusmn/0.28 cpm in the upper abdomen. Different components of GI activity were evident within single magnetic field recordings. These different components could be elucidated by examining different projections of the magnetic field vector These studies further demonstrate the ability of the SQUID magnetometer to detect gastrointestinal activity and also illustrate how different signal components associated with gastric and small intestinal activity may be separated.
Lithium-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Cosolvents for Improved Low Temperature Performance (2010)

As part of our continuing efforts to develop advanced electrolytes to improve the performance of lithium-ion cells, especially at low temperatures, we have identified a number of electrolyte cosolvents that can be incorporated into multicomponent electrolyte formulations for enhanced performance, especially at very low temperatures (down to ). In the current work, we investigated a number of ester cosolvents, namely methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, and butyl butyrate, in multicomponent electrolytes of the following composition: in ethylene carbonate methyl [where cosolvent]. Emphasis was placed upon determining the effect of electrolyte type upon the low temperature performance in experimental meso-carbon microbeads– cells (equipped with reference electrodes) and characterizing their influence upon the lithium intercalation/deintercalation kinetics. These cells were subjected to electrical characterization (charge and discharge at different temperatures and rates) as well as electrochemical characterization (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization, and Tafel polarization measurements). These electrolytes have been optimized to provide good low temperature performance (down to ), while still offering reasonable high temperature resilience to produce the desired wide operating temperature systems . This has primarily been achieved by fixing the EC-content at 20% and the ester cosolvent at 20% in contrast to the previously developed systems.
An efficient method for the preparation of 3-(substituted thiomethyl)-7-aminocephalosporins. (1985)

A practical method to prepare 7-amino-3-(substituted thiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids (1) was developed. The acetoxy group of 3-acetoxymethyl-7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (7-ACA, 2) was displaced by various thiols in the presence of strong acids (including Lewis acids) under nonaqueous conditions to afford 1 in high yields. Similar substitution of the Δ2-isomers of 2 was achieved by the same method.
Biomolecular Electronics: Vectorial Arrays of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers (1997)

Two-dimensional vectorial arrays of functional Photosystem I reaction centers have been prepared on atomically flat derivatized gold surfaces. The nature and extent of orientation were controlled by chemical modification of the surface derivative. For mercaptoacetic acid, 83% of the electron transport vectors were parallel to the surface, whereas with 2-mercaptoethanol 70% were oriented perpendicularly in the ``up'' position and only 2% were in the ``down'' position. No preferential orientation was observed with 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol.
Cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of bis(platinum) complexes. A novel class of platinum complexes active in cell lines resistant to both cisplatin and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane complexes (1990)

The in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity of bis(platinum) complexes of general formula [(PtX2-(L))2H2N(CH2)nNH2] (L = NH3, X = Cl or X2 = malonato or where L = py, X = Cl) is reported. Chloride complexes [(PtCl2(NH3]2H2N(CH2)nNH2] may exist as three possible isomers: those containing both coordination units in the cis configuration (2,2/c,c), both coordination units in the trans configuration (2,2/t,t), and the mixed cis,trans species (2,2/c,t), whose synthesis is reported here. The preparation of further complexes with sterically hindered diamine backbones, such as 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediamine, is exemplified. The biological activity of all complexes were compared. The 2,2/c,c complexes are particularly active in tissue culture in cells resistant both to cisplatin and its 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (dach) analogue. The inhibition of DNA synthesis in L1210/0 cells by the 2,2/c,c complexes is equivalent to that of cisplatin. The presence of at least one cis-[Pt(amine)2] unit appears necessary for activity in cell lines sensitive to cisplatin.
Inhibition of tsh Bio-Activity by Synthetic βTsh Peptides (1992)

The in vitro bioactivity of the human beta TSH subunit was investigated utilizing eleven overlapping synthetic peptides representing the entire 112 residue sequence. The peptides were tested for both stimulatory and inhibitory activity in two sensitive bioassay systems: the first based on cAMP production in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells, and the second based on stimulation of iodine trapping by the same continuous cell line. Peptides from three distinct regions of the beta-subunit showed concentration dependent inhibition of TSH bio-activity, including beta 1-15, beta 11-25, beta 31-45, beta 81-95, and beta 91-105 with IC50 values ranging from 150 to 304 microM. An additional peptide representing the entire sequence of the "intercysteine loop" region of beta TSH, beta 31-52, also inhibited TSH activity with somewhat higher potency than its fragment peptide beta 31-45 (IC50 of 87.5 +/- 14.7 microM for beta 31-52 versus 207 +/- 92.4 microM for beta 31-45). Three of these, beta 1-15, beta 31-45, and beta 31-52, also inhibited binding of TSH to the receptor in a radio-receptor assay, as previously reported (1), supporting their importance in receptor interaction. None of the synthetic peptides stimulated either cAMP production or iodine trapping. Two other overlapping peptides, beta 81-95 and beta 91-105, possessed bio-inhibitory activity but did not inhibit binding of labeled TSH. Computer analysis of this sequence predicted an extended turn structure for this region. This region has been referred to as the "determinant loop" as it is bounded by cysteine residues at positions 88 and 95 that many believe form a disulfide bond in the native subunit. The current data suggests the beta 88-95 region may play a role in receptor activation after initial binding of hormone to receptor.
SRR embedded ferrite superstrate based beam scanning of 10 GHz single microstrip patch antenna (2014)

A unique single probe fed rectangular patch antenna, working at 10 GHz, with a split ring resonator (SRR) embedded ferrite superstrate has been presented in this paper. DC biasing of the ferrite superstrate results in a change in the main beam of the antenna structure. Proper biasing of the appropriate ferrite rod leads to a maximum beam scan of ±17°. A comparison with the beam scan characteristics of the no SRR case show a significant decrease (87.5%) in the antenna thickness and similar beam scans at comparatively much lower DC biasing values. The presented antenna shows a slightly less directivity because of the signal losses encountered due to the biased ferrite; this can be improved by using modified superstrate layers.
<i>MobileDeepPill</i> (2017)

Correct identification of prescription pills based on their visual appearance is a key step required to assure patient safety and facilitate more effective patient care. With the availability of high-quality cameras and computational power on smartphones, it is possible and helpful to identify unknown prescription pills using smartphones. Towards this goal, in 2016, the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced a nationwide competition, calling for the creation of a mobile vision system that can recognize pills automatically from a mobile phone picture under unconstrained real-world settings. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of such mobile pill image recognition system called MobileDeepPill. The development of MobileDeepPill involves three key innovations: a triplet loss function which attains invariances to real-world noisiness that deteriorates the quality of pill images taken by mobile phones; a multi-CNNs model that collectively captures the shape, color and imprints characteristics of the pills; and a Knowledge Distillation-based deep model compression framework that significantly reduces the size of the multi-CNNs model without deteriorating its recognition performance. Our deep learning-based pill image recognition algorithm wins the First Prize (champion) of the NIH NLM Pill Image Recognition Challenge. Given its promising performance, we believe MobileDeepPill helps NIH tackle a critical problem with significant societal impact and will benefit millions of healthcare personnel and the general public.
Enhanced capture of mercury in baghouse by using novel filtration media and filter design (2012)

Study was conducted at a 5-MW equivalent slipstream facility. During the trials lasting 10 days, the effect of a range of process variables was studied. The variables included flue gas temperature, air-to-cloth ratios, interval between cleaning, and the effect of removing some of the fly ash by an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) upstream of baghouse, etc. The study consisted of testing a novel membrane-based filtration media formed as pleated elements. Data will be presented that shows that by using novel pleated filtration elements, mercury capture as high as 98% can be achieved by inherent fly ash alone (without needing to inject powdered activated carbon). This was true in spite of majority (about 80%) of mercury being in elemental form in the flue gas. Traditional round filter bags are typically known to capture significantly lower percentage of mercury in the flue gas by inherent fly ash. Data was also collected with injection of activated carbon upstream of baghouse. It was found that by using these novel filtration elements, if a plant is already using powdered activated carbon the consumption of activated carbon can be reduced by as much as 85%. Data will be reviewed along with the proposal of mechanisms about how this novel filtration element works in achieving such high mercury captures, as compared to traditional round bags.
Asymptotically Optimal Job Assignment for Energy-Efficient Processor-Sharing Server Farms (2016)

We study the problem of job assignment in a large-scale realistically dimensioned server farm comprising multiple processor-sharing servers with different service rates, energy consumption rates, and buffer sizes. Our aim is to optimize the energy efficiency of such a server farm by effectively controlling carried load on networked servers. To this end, we propose a job assignment policy, called Most energy-efficient available server first Accounting for Idle Power (MAIP), which is both scalable and near optimal. MAIP focuses on reducing the productive power used to support the processing service rate. Using the framework of semi-Markov decision process, we show that, with exponentially distributed job sizes, MAIP is equivalent to the well-known Whittle's index policy. This equivalence and the methodology of Weber and Weiss enable us to prove that, in server farms where a loss of jobs happens if and only if all buffers are full, MAIP is asymptotically optimal, as the number of servers tends to infinity under certain conditions associated with the large number of servers, as we have in a real server farm. Through extensive numerical simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of MAIP and its robustness to different job-size distributions, and observe that significant improvement in energy efficiency can be achieved by utilizing the knowledge of energy consumption rate of idle servers.
Raman sensing of fuel gases using a reflective coating capillary optical fiber (2009)

Hollow core fiber optics enable gas phase Raman spectroscopy with relatively low power laser excitation sources. A Raman sensor for gaseous fuel analysis is demonstrated using silver coated capillary optical fiber as the sample cell and as the signal collection optic. Using laser powers with as little as a few milliwatts excitation power, the majority species of natural gas and syngas are readily detected, as well as oxygen and nitrogen in a single sensor system. Exchange rates in the capillary optical fiber are high enough to enable optical analysis in sub-second response time for real time sensing and control. Because this one sensor system simultaneously detects and resolves all the component species, real time feedback to the combustion control system of fuel content and properties is enabled.
<title>Industrial applications for LIGA-fabricated micro heat exchangers</title> (2001)

One of the well-known benefits of micro scale is enhanced heat transfer. This fact provides the motivation for fabricating a variety of micro heat exchangers using derivatives of the LIGA micromachining process. These heat exchangers can be made of polymers, nickel (electroplated or electroless), or ceramics (Si<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> and alumina are presently being investigated). These heat exchangers are envisioned for applications such as gas turbine blades, mechanical seals and/or bearings, boilers, condensers, radiators, evaporators, electronic component cooling, and catalytic converters. In this paper, methods to fabricate an array of heat exchangers for different applications are described. In addition, simple analytic models that illustrate the motivation for fabricating micro cross flow heat exchanges are shown to compare favorably with experimental heat transfer results.
Electrolysis of aluminum sulfide in molten chlorides (1982)

We describe a prospective study in the Netherlands among 140 children from 86 families in which one parent had bipolar disorder. The results of this study are compared with results that have appeared in the existing literature. results Over a period of five years the children of bipolar parents run a high risk of developing mood disorders and especially bipolar disorder. The onset and course of self-reported affective problems and depression were found to be predictors for the development of bipolar disorders. The General Behavior Inventory was found to be a useful tool for the early detection of bipolar disorder. conclusion It is important that the children of bipolar parents be monitored intensively, particularly if they have from mood swings or depression.
MON-163 A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator, Relacorilant, in Patients with Autonomous Cortisol Secretion Due to Cortisol-Secreting Adrenal Adenoma(s)/Hyperplasia (2020)

Abstract Relacorilant is a highly selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that modulates the effects of excess cortisol without interacting with the mineralocorticoid or progesterone receptor. A Phase 2 relacorilant study in patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) demonstrated improvements in glycemic control and hypertension with no instances of drug-related hypokalemia or antiprogesterone effects. An international, multicenter, Phase 3 clinical trial of relacorilant is currently underway to evaluate the efficacy and safety of relacorilant in CS of various etiologies with evidence of hypercortisolism documented through two independent biochemical tests and at least two clinical signs and symptoms of CS. It uses a randomized-withdrawal design after 22-weeks (22wk) of open-label treatment with relacorilant (GRACE Study: NCT03697109). Here we introduce a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with less severe CS secondary to adrenal adenoma(s) or hyperplasia. Approximately 130 eligible patients 18-80 years old with a radiologically confirmed adrenal lesion, a biochemical diagnosis of autonomous cortisol secretion and either impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes mellitus (IGT/DM) or hypertension will receive relacorilant (100 mg/day, titrated to 400 mg/day, as tolerated) or placebo over 22WK. Biochemical criteria for entry into the study include a serum cortisol &gt;1.8 µg/dL after dexamethasone suppression testing (DST) and low (&lt;10 pg/dL) or suppressed morning ACTH levels. Patients must be stable on their antidiabetic and/or antihypertensive agents for at least 4 weeks prior to the first dose of relacorilant. The primary efficacy endpoints are the between-treatment difference in change from Baseline to 22wk in AUCglucose for the IGT/DM group and mean systolic blood pressure (based on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring) for the hypertension group. Secondary endpoints include changes in weight, waist circumference, quality of life and coagulation markers. The safety analysis will be performed for all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This will be the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test if patients with adrenal autonomous hypercortisolism benefit from medical treatment.
Enhanced spatial multiplexing — A novel approach to MIMO signal design (2016)

In this paper, we present a new type of Spatial Multiplexing (SMX) schemes based on the multiple signal constellation concept, which was recently introduced in the context of Spatial Modulation (SM) by the present authors. The proposed technique, which we refer to as Enhanced SMX or E-SMX, conveys information not only by the transmitted symbols, but also by the antenna and constellation combinations used. In addition to the primary constellation, these schemes make use of one or more specifically-designed secondary constellations, obtained through geometric interpolation in the signal constellation plane. We present the general concept and describe specific schemes for different numbers of transmit antennas and using 16QAM as primary modulation. Our analysis and the simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes provide a significant performance gain over conventional SMX.
Two-color temporal focusing multiphoton excitation imaging with tunable-wavelength excitation (2017)

Wavelength tunable temporal focusing multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) is conducted to visualize optical sectioning images of multiple fluorophore–labeled specimens through the optimal two-photon excitation (TPE) of each type of fluorophore. The tunable range of excitation wavelength was determined by the groove density of the grating, the diffraction angle, the focal length of lenses, and the shifting distance of the first lens in the beam expander. Based on a consideration of the trade-off between the tunable-wavelength range and axial resolution of temporal focusing multiphoton excitation imaging, the presented system demonstrated a tunable-wavelength range from 770 to 920 nm using a diffraction grating with groove density of 830 ?? lines / mm . TPE fluorescence imaging examination of a fluorescent thin film indicated that the width of the axial confined excitation was 3.0 ± 0.7 ?? ? m and the shifting distance of the temporal focal plane was less than 0.95 ?? ? m within the presented wavelength tunable range. Fast different wavelength excitation and three-dimensionally rendered imaging of Hela cell mitochondria and cytoskeletons and mouse muscle fibers were demonstrated. Significantly, the proposed system can improve the quality of two-color TFMPEM images through different excitation wavelengths to obtain higher-quality fluorescent signals in multiple-fluorophore measurements.