gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airborne Lidar Observations of Wind, Water Vapor, and Aerosol Profiles During The NASA Aeolus Cal/Val Test Flight Campaign (2020)

Abstract. Lidars are uniquely capable of collecting high precision and high spatio-temporal resolution observations that have been used for atmospheric process studies from the ground, aircraft, and space for many years. The Aeolus mission, the first space-borne Doppler wind lidar, was developed by the European Space Agency and launched in August 2018. Its novel Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN) observes profiles of the component of the wind vector and aerosol/cloud optical properties along the instrument’s line-of-sight (LOS) direction on a global scale. Two airborne lidar systems have been developed at NASA Langley Research Center in recent years that collect measurements in support of several NASA Earth Science Division focus areas. The coherent Doppler Aerosol WiNd (DAWN) lidar measures vertical profiles of LOS velocity along selected azimuth angles that are combined to derive profiles of horizontal wind speed and direction. The High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) measures high resolution profiles of atmospheric water vapor (WV), and aerosol and cloud optical properties. Because there are limitations in terms of spatial and vertical detail and measurement precision that can be accomplished from space, airborne remote sensing observations like those from DAWN and HALO are required to fill these observational gaps as well as to calibrate and validate space-borne measurements. Over a two-week period in April 2019 during their Aeolus Cal/Val Test Flight campaign, NASA conducted five research flights over the Eastern Pacific Ocean with the DC-8 aircraft. The purpose was to demonstrate: 1) DAWN and HALO measurement capabilities across a range of atmospheric conditions, 2) Aeolus Cal/Val flight strategies and comparisons of DAWN and HALO measurements with Aeolus to gain an initial perspective of Aeolus performance, and 3) how atmospheric dynamic processes can be resolved and better understood through simultaneous observations of wind, WV, and aerosol profile observations, coupled with numerical model and other remote sensing observations. This paper provides a brief description of the DAWN and HALO instruments, discusses the synergistic observations collected across a wide range of atmospheric conditions sampled during the DC-8 flights, and gives a brief summary of the validation of DAWN, HALO, and Aeolus observations and comparisons.
Application-Driven Web Resource Location Classification and Detection (2005)

Rapid pervasion of the web into users ’ daily lives has put much importance on capturing location-specific information on the web, due to the fact that most human activities occur locally around where a user is located. This is especially true in the increasingly popular mobile and local search environments. Thus, how to correctly and effectively detect locations from web resources has become a key challenge to location-based web applications. Previous work has been focusing on deducing web locations from various geographical sources such as geographical names, postal codes, telephone numbers, and so on. None of them, however, notice the intrinsic differences between application needs for different types of locations. Multiple locations may co-exist in a web resource; designing a general-purpose algorithm ignoring their differences usually leads to a low detection precision. In this paper, we first explicitly distinguish the locations of web resources into three types to cater to different application needs: 1) provider location; 2) content location; and 3) serving location. Then we describe a novel system that computes each of the three locations, employing a set of algorithms and different geographical sources. Experimental results on large samples of web data show that our solution outperforms previous approaches. Finally, we identify some promising web applications based on the three proposed locations.
Homodyne spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction for the characterization of ultrabroadband ultrashort pulses (2001)

Summary form only given. The characterization of ultrashort optical pulses has become an important tool in today's laboratory. As pulse bandwidths increase, it becomes more and more difficult to obtain accurate measurements. We show here that the implementation of Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction (SPIDER) by homodyning the interferogram using an uncharacterized reference pulse allows one to perform accurate measurements.
VACCINATION OF RHESUS MACAQUES AGAINST DENGUE-2 VIRUS WITH A PLASMID DNA VACCINE ENCODING THE VIRAL PRE-MEMBRANE AND ENVELOPE GENES (2003)

A nucleic acid vaccine for dengue-2 virus was developed, consisting of a plasmid DNA vector with the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes expressed from a cytomegalovirus promoter. The DNA was adsorbed onto gold microspheres for administration by a gene gun. Expression was demonstrated by transfection of mouse cells in culture where the prM and E antigens were detected intracellularly, and the E antigen was detected in the culture supernatant fluid, similar to a natural infection. The vaccine elicited neutralizing antibodies to dengue-2 virus and antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in mice. Several vaccination regimens were evaluated in rhesus macaques for the ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies and protect against viremia after challenge with live dengue-2 virus. Neutralizing antibodies were measured in three of three animals that received four 2-microg doses of DNA and in two of six animals that received two 1-microg doses. No antibodies were detected in three animals that received a single 1-microg dose. When dengue virus challenge was performed one month after vaccination, the three animals that received four 2-microg doses exhibited 0, 0, and 1 day of viremia compared with unimmunized controls which exhibited 4, 4, and 6 days of viremia. Three animals that received two 1-microg doses also exhibited 0, 0, and 1 day of viremia, whereas three animals that received a single 1-microg dose exhibited 2, 3, and 5 days of viremia compared with unimmunized controls, which exhibited 4 days of viremia each. When challenge was performed 7 months after vaccination, three animals that received two 1-microg doses exhibited 0, 3, and 5 days of viremia compared with unimmunized controls, which exhibited 4, 5, and 9 days of viremia. These results suggest that a regimen consisting of two 1-microg doses of DNA can confer satisfactory protection at one month, but not at seven months, after vaccination. Long-term protection following DNA vaccination may require revaccination, higher doses of DNA, or a vaccine that contains additional epitopes or adjuvants.
Model‐based denoising in diffusion‐weighted imaging using generalized spherical deconvolution (2017)

The proposed denoising technique termed generalized spherical deconvolution has the potential of significantly improving image quality in diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:2428-2438, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Oblivious Transfer with Hidden Access Control from Attribute-Based Encryption. (2012)

The notion of oblivious transfer with hidden access control policies (HACOT) was recently proposed by Camenisch et al. (Public-Key Cryptography 2011). This primitive allows a user to anonymously query a database where each record is protected by a hidden attribute-based access control policy. At each query, the user either learns the value of a single record if the attributes in his key satisfy the policy, or the mere fact that his attributes do not satisfy the policy. The database, even when colluding with the key issuer, learns nothing about the identity of the user, the index or the access policy of the record, or whether access was granted or denied. At the same time, the database can keep an eye on the overall access frequency to prevent the data from being “crawled”. In this paper, we present a new HACOT scheme which is more efficient and offers more expressive policies than the scheme presented by Camenisch et al. We construct our HACOT protocol based on a hidden ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (HP-ABE) scheme by Nishide et al.: users are issued HACOT decryption keys based on HP-ABE attributes and HACOT records are encrypted under HP-ABE policies. However, as we will see, this simple approach does not work and we need to extend the Nishide et al. scheme as follows. First, we add protocols that allows users to verify that the public key of the issuer and ciphertexts are correctly formed. Second, we reserve one attribute and give the corresponding decryption key only to the database. Thereby users can no longer decrypt records by themselves but require the help of the database. Third, we provide a joint decryption protocol between the user and the database, so that the database does not learn which ciphertext is decrypted. The latter will also allow one to optionally add revocation of the users’ access. We prove our construction secure by a reduction to the security of Nishide et al.’s scheme, the Symmetric External Diffie-Hellman (SXDH) and Simultaneous Flexible Pairing (SFP) assumptions.
Quick-release medical tape (2012)

Medical tape that provides secure fixation of life-sustaining and -monitoring devices with quick, easy, damage-free removal represents a longstanding unmet medical need in neonatal care. During removal of current medical tapes, crack propagation occurs at the adhesive-skin interface, which is also the interface responsible for device fixation. By designing quick-release medical tape to undergo crack propagation between the backing and adhesive layers, we decouple removal and device fixation, enabling dual functionality. We created an ordered adhesive/antiadhesive composite intermediary layer between the medical tape backing and adhesive for which we achieve tunable peel removal force, while maintaining high shear adhesion to secure medical devices. We elucidate the relationship between the spatial ordering of adhesive and antiadhesive regions to create a fully tunable system that achieves strong device fixation and quick, easy, damage-free device removal. We also described ways of neutralizing the residual adhesive on the skin and have observed that thick continuous films of adhesive are easier to remove than the thin islands associated with residual adhesive left by current medical tapes.
Noncompetitive Inhibitor of Thrombin (2009)

Two for the price of one: Full length variegin competitively inhibits thrombin in a substrate-like fashion. Upon proteolysis, the cleaved fragment is able to inhibit thrombin noncompetitively; this results in overall prolonged and potent inhibition. This is the first account of a potent and specific classical noncompetitive inhibitor of the thrombin active site, and is unlike other cleavable substrates or inhibitors of thrombin.
On the effectiveness of Mann-Kendall test for detection of software aging (2013)

Software aging (i.e. progressive performance degradation of long-running software systems) is difficult to detect due to the long latency until it manifests during program execution. Fast and accurate detection of aging is important for eliminating the underlying defects already during software development and testing. Also in a deployment scenario, aging detection is needed to plan mitigation methods like software rejuvenation. The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the Mann-Kendall test is an effective approach for detecting software aging from traces of computer system metrics. This technique tests for existence of monotonic trends in time series, and studies of software aging often consider existence of trends in certain metrics as indication of software aging. Through an experimental study we show that the Mann-Kendall test is highly vulnerable to creating false positives in context of aging detection. By increasing the amount of data considered in the test, the false positive rate can be reduced; however, time to detect aging increases considerably. Our findings indicate that aging detection using the Mann-Kendall test alone is in general unreliable, or may require long measurement times.
Sparse Modeling Reveals miRNA Signatures for Diagnostics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015)

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still remains a clinical challenge and the most accurate diagnostic procedure is a combination of clinical tests including invasive endoscopy. In this study we evaluated whether systematic miRNA expression profiling, in conjunction with machine learning techniques, is suitable as a non-invasive test for the major IBD phenotypes (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)). Based on microarray technology, expression levels of 863 miRNAs were determined for whole blood samples from 40 CD and 36 UC patients and compared to data from 38 healthy controls (HC). To further discriminate between disease-specific and general inflammation we included miRNA expression data from other inflammatory diseases (inflammation controls (IC): 24 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 23 multiple sclerosis, 38 pancreatitis and 45 sarcoidosis cases) as well as 70 healthy controls from previous studies. Classification problems considering 2, 3 or 4 groups were solved using different types of penalized support vector machines (SVMs). The resulting models were assessed regarding sparsity and performance and a subset was selected for further investigation. Measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) the corresponding median holdout-validated accuracy was estimated as ranging from 0.75 to 1.00 (including IC) and 0.89 to 0.98 (excluding IC), respectively. In combination, the corresponding models provide tools for the distinction of CD and UC as well as CD, UC and HC with expected classification error rates of 3.1 and 3.3%, respectively. These results were obtained by incorporating not more than 16 distinct miRNAs. Validated target genes of these miRNAs have been previously described as being related to IBD. For others we observed significant enrichment for IBD susceptibility loci identified in earlier GWAS. These results suggest that the proposed miRNA signature is of relevance for the etiology of IBD. Its diagnostic value, however, should be further evaluated in large, independent, clinically well characterized cohorts.
Antibody-Targeted Immunotherapy for Treatment of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (2000)

The scientific development of immunotherapies and radioimmunotherapies of cancer began more than four decades ago. Over time, it has become apparent that the choice of target antigen, immunogenicity of antibodies, length of antibody half-life, ability of antibodies to recruit immune effector functions, decision on conjugation of antibodies to toxins or radionuclides and antibody manufacturing are critical components of successful development of an immunotherapeutic regimen. Anti-idiotype antibodies were some of the first successful monoclonal antibody treatments developed for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In 1997, the chimeric antibody, Rituximab, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In an effort to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy, toxins and radionuclides have been conjugated to monoclonal antibodies. Ibritumomab, the parent murine antibody of Rituximab, is conjugated to the radioisotope 90Y to create 90Y Ibritumomab tiuxetan, (90Y Zevalin, IDEC-Y2B8). Promising Phase I/II trials have been completed. Phase III experimental trials of 9Y Ibritumomab tiuxetan as treatment for relapsed or refractory NHL are in progress.
Information theoretic approach for template matching in registration of partially overlapped aerial imagery (2015)

Image registration is used in computer vision, medical imaging and remote sensing providing the ability to perform 3-D Reconstruction, Autonomous Navigation and Target Detection and Recognition Systems. Two of the more commonly used intensity based similarity measures in template matching for image registration are normalized cross correlation and mutual information. This works presents a novel information theoretic technique as a similarity measure for registration of partially overlapped aerial imagery. Furthermore, system level noise such as sensor noise, quantization noise, and impulse noise is modelled and injected into both the reference and unregistered images to evaluate the algorithmic performance in determining image orientation as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Analysis and design of coupled inductor for interleaved multiphase three-level DC-DC converters (2015)

the coupled inductor can reduce the large inductor current ripple in the interleaved multiphase three-level converter, while keeping the benefits of interleaving. The design of the coupled inductor is different from conventional two-level converters. This paper analyzes the flux in the coupled inductors of interleaved multiphase three-level DC-DC converters. Based on the flux analysis, a design procedure is introduced. A new structure of the coupled inductor is also proposed which can significantly reduce the volume and is easy to fabricate.
Initial Condition-Dependent Spur Pattern Induced by Undithered MASH DDSM Divider Controller (2023)

The Multi-stAge noiSe sHaping digital delta-sigma modulator (MASH DDSM) is the most used divider controller architecture for fractional-N frequency synthesis. It is well-known that a MASH DDSM divider controller can cause input-dependent spurious tones in the output spectrum of a synthesizer. This paper discusses MASH 1-1-1 DDSM-induced spurious tone patterns that are dependent on the initial conditions.
Resource-adaptive real-time new event detection (2007)

In a document streaming environment, online detection of the first documents that mention previously unseen events is an open challenge. For this online new event detection (ONED) task, existing studies usually assume that enough resources are always available and focus entirely on detection accuracy without considering efficiency. Moreover, none of the existing work addresses the issue of providing an effective and friendly user interface. As a result, there is a significant gap between the existing systems and a system that can be used in practice. In this paper, we propose an ONED framework with the following prominent features. First, a combination of indexing and compression methods is used to improve the document processing rate by orders of magnitude without sacrificing much detection accuracy. Second, when resources are tight, a resource-adaptive computation method is used to maximize the benefit that can be gained from the limited resources. Third, when the new event arrival rate is beyond the processing capability of the consumer of the ONED system, new events are further filtered and prioritized before they are presented to the consumer. Fourth, implicit citation relationships are created among all the documents and used to compute the importance of document sources. This importance information can guide the selection of document sources. We implemented a prototype of our framework on top of IBM's Stream Processing Core middleware. We also evaluated the effectiveness of our techniques on the standard TDT5 benchmark. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a real application in a large-scale stream processing system.
NOVEL METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF SILOXANE NANOWIRES AND FILAMENTS USING GOLD NANOPARTICLE CATALYSTS (2005)

A unique polymerization reaction of alkylsilanes to siloxane nanowires, filaments and tubes in presence of gold nanoparticles and water is presented. The gold nanoparticles, which catalyze this reaction also work as templates restricting the shape of the resulting polymers into wires and tubes. High resolution transmission electron microscopy images clearly reveal the presence of gold nanoparticle at the tip of each wire supporting the template hypothesis. Elemental analyses by different methods confirm the stoichiometry to be C 18 H 37 SiO 1.5 , when the alkylsilane used was C 18 H 37 SiH 3 , thus proving that the alkyl group remains intact during the polymerization reaction.
In Search of an Optimal Parameterization : An Innovative Approach to Reservoir Data Integration (2003)

Abstract History matching, by nature, is an ill-posed inverse problem that can be computationaly intensive and practically infeasible for multi-million cells reservoir models. Therefore, the search of an optimal parameterization is of crucial interest to get a fast history matching procedure. One has to find the number of degrees of freedom of a given problem while avoiding the pitfall of overparameterization. Many techniques (such as singular value decomposition) allow to tackle this problem but the main limitation in reservoir engineering is coming from computational-speed issues. Using gradient-based optimization techniques, we propose here a complemetary approach which uses the power of adjoint state method to select the degrees of freedom which are significant for the objective function. Data integration may be performed by using the gradual deformation method (GDM) for the geological model parameterization : coefficients of a linear combination of geostatistical realizations are modified as the optimization process goes on. The parameterization is then reduced to the coefficients of the linear combination whatever the size of the geostatistical realizations. Working in a stochastic framework, there is initially an infinity of realizations to choose from. Following the new approach, we are able to compute a priori "refinement indicators" that indicate us which degrees of freedom (i.e. realizations) might improve the iterative reservoir model in a significant way. Using only those useful degrees of freedom, we are able to get a better and faster optimization problem resolution. The use of "refinement indicators" will allow us to reduce to one or even zero the number of randomly picked initial geostatistical realizations. We applied this methodology to integrate interference test data into 3D geostatistical models (both lognormal and facies-based permeability distributions) containing about two millions cells. This validation highlights the capability of the methodology to speed up the inverse problem resolution by selecting optimal geostatistical realizations from a given set.
Controlled Growth of Nanoparticle Clusters through Competitive Stabilizer Desorption (2008)

Size-controlled clusters: Clusters of preformed 15 nm oleic acid coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared through partially destabilizing suspensions of the dispersed nanoparticles with CN-modified silica. This effect induced gradual formation of monodisperse, superparamagnetic clusters by competition between the solid phases for the surfactant. The cluster size can be controlled within the range 15–200 nm as the growth process can be stopped and restarted.