gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiscale traveltime tomography (2003)

Abstract Nonuniqueness in traveltime tomographic velocity analysis is largely the result of insufficiency in model parameterization. Traditional tomography parameterizes the model with nonoverlapping cells. Such single-scale tomography (SST) from inverting traveltimes only may produce underdeterminacy at places of insufficient ray coverage. To cope with the poor and uneven ray coverage, a multiscale tomography (MST) method is devised, which is a simultaneous application of many overlapping SSTs with different cell sizes. The MST decomposes velocity anomalies into components in a set of submodels of different cell sizes. At each model location the cells containing higher consistency between data contributions gain more from the inversion. The final MST model is a postinversion superposition of all submodel solutions. The MST method is applicable to the determination of interval velocity and interface geometry using turning rays or reflection rays. In comparison with the SST, superior results of the MST are seen in synthetic examples. The MST method is used to construct the 3D crustal velocities of southern California using the first arrivals from local earthquakes. While the SST and MST models may fit the data equally well, the MST model is smoother and geologically more plausible than the SST model.
[Health insurance in the Russian Federation]. (1997)

The need to reform health care in Russia became evident in the late 1980s when due to socioeconomic crisis, the government could not cover the expenses connected with this field and put the up-to-date expensive technologies into life. The introduction of the compulsory health insurance system (CHIS) is aimed at: 1) obtaining an additional financial source for health care by making the goal-oriented stable rates of deductions from the wage fund; 2) protecting the Russian Federation citizens' rights to have free medical aid of the guaranteed scope; 3) enhancing the quality of medial care delivered to the population by introducing a mechanism of movement of funds paid for a patient; 4) paying for medical care in relation to the volume and quality of the work done by simultaneously controlling the stipulated use of funds. Three-year experience of CHIS in Russia has indicated that there is a real mechanism of reformation and government regulation of health care under the conditions of transition to the market, with the interests of the general population and medical personnel in mind. Obvious legal, organizational, technological, and psychological problems and disadvantages have been found at all management levels, which are an obstacle in the way of the reforms and which whip up social tension and call for prompt decisions.
Peroxynitrite‐mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 occurs in early stages of endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock and ischemia‐reperfusion injury (1995)

To quantify peroxynitrite production during shock, we measured oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 in rats. In endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock and splanchic ischemia-reperfusion, dihydrorhodamine oxidation rapidly increased, which was prevented by inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide (.NO) synthase (ecNOS). Thus, peroxynitrite is already formed at early stages of shock from ecNOS-derived .NO. Overproduction of .NO by the inducible NOS at late shock was not associated with additional increases in dihydrorhodamine oxidation. ecNOS inhibition enhanced dihydrorhodamine oxidation in control rats. These latter findings may be explained by .NO-mediated inhibition of peroxynitrite-induced dihydrorhodamine oxidation, a phenomenon also observed in vitro.
Analysis and dimensioning of fully digital clock recovery for 112 gb/s coherent polmux QPSK systems (2009)

Combined effect of polarization mixing and Differential Group Delay (DGD) on sinusoidal and random jitter tolerance is investigated. Requirements for tolerable DGD, loop bandwidth and loop delay are extrapolated.
Use of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> LPCO10, a Bacteriocin Producer, as a Starter Culture in Spanish-Style Green Olive Fermentations (1994)

Bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus plantarum LPCO10 and its non-bacteriocin-producing, bacteriocinimmune derivative, L. plantarum 55-1, were evaluated separately for growth and persistence in natural Spanish-style green olive fermentations. Both strains were genetically marked and selectively enumerated using antibiotic-containing media. Plasmid profile and bacteriocin production (bac) were used as additional markers. When olive brines were inoculated at 10 CFU/ml, the parent strain, LPCO10, proliferated to dominate the epiphytic microflora, sharing high population levels with other spontaneously occurring lactobacilli and persisting throughout the fermentation (12 weeks). In contrast, the derivative strain could not be isolated after 7 weeks. Stability of both plasmid profile and bac (LPCO10 strain) or bac (55-1 strain) phenotype was shown by L. plantarum LPCO10 and L. plantarum 55-1 isolated throughout the fermentation. Bacteriocin activity could be found in the L. plantarum LPCO10-inoculated brines only after ammonium sulfate precipitation and concentration (20 times) of the final brine. Spontaneously occurring lactobacilli and lactic coccus populations, which were isolated from each of the fermenting brines studied during this investigation, were shown to be sensitive to the bacteriocins produced by L. plantarum LPCO10 when tested by the drop diffusion test. The declines in both pH and glucose levels throughout the fermentative process were similar in L. plantarum LPCO10- and in L. plantarum 55-1-inoculated brines and were comparable to the declines in the uninoculated brines. However, the final concentration of lactic acid in L. plantarum LPCO10-inoculated brines was higher than in the L. plantarum 55-1-inoculated brines and uninoculated brines. These results indicated that L. plantarum LPCO10 may be useful as a starter culture to control the lactic acid fermentation of Spanish-style green olives.
RADAR Sensor for Automotive Collision Prevention (2005)

A pulse-Doppler RADAR of 20 ns pulsewidth was developed and tested as an automotive collision prevention sensor. A simple but effective super-heterodyne structure was realized by the use of one FM Gunn oscillator as both the transmitter and the local oscillator. It is a unique feature of the system that the IF signal is coherent in every pulse repetition, which contributes to the realization of a pulse-Doppler system in a very simple configuration. A micro-computer is utilized in the signal processor unit which calculates danger evaluation and false alarm prevention.
Intracellular Pool of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Neutrophils (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF ), an endothelial cell mitogen, is a potent angiogenic factor produced by several cell types. Whether human neutrophils are potential producers of VEGF has not yet been described. The present work shows that phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), fMet-Leu-Phe, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) triggered a time-dependent secretion of VEGF by human neutrophils. Cells incubated with 50 ng/mL of PMA released significant amounts of VEGF after 15 minutes. Because the extracellular content of VEGF in human neutrophils supernatants remained constant over a period of 2 to 24 hours and because PMA is a potent inducer of human neutrophil degranulation, the PMA-induced secretion of VEGF may be due to a pre-existing intracellular pool of this molecule. This hypothesis was reinforced by the absence of cycloheximide effect on the PMA-induced secretion of VEGF. The existence of an intracellular pool of VEGF was confirmed by measuring the intracellular content of VEGF in resting neutrophils. A dosedependent inhibition of PMA-induced VEGF secretion was observed when the cells were incubated in the presence of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine known to inhibit neutrophil degranulation. To confirm the implication of neutrophil degranulation in VEGF release, the effects of two inducers of physiologic degranulation, fMet-Leu-Phe and TNF-alpha, were determined. Both agonists induced a release of VEGF in the absence of cytochalasin B, confirming the involvement of neutrophil degranulation and suggesting the intracellular localization of VEGF in the specific granule fraction. In addition, the kinetics of fMet-Leu-Phe- and TNF-alpha-induced secretion of lactoferrin were similar to those of VEGF release induced by these two both agonists. The subcellular fractionation of human neutrophils showed a granule-specific distribution of the intracellular pool of VEGF in resting neutrophils. The finding that human neutrophils contain an intracellular pool of VEGF, secreted in the extracellular space under PMA-, fMet-Leu-Phe-, and TNF-alpha-induced degranulation, suggests a role for human neutrophils as cellular effectors of physiologic as well as pathologic angiogenesis.
Comparative study on Wordlength Reduction and Truncation for low power multipliers (2010)

Power consumption in Digital Signal Processing systems directly relies on the precision of multipliers. As bigger bitwidths are desirable for achieving higher precisions, they result in bigger multipliers with high toggling profiles and higher power figures. In recent years some techniques that trade power for accuracy by removing or reconfiguring blocks of the multiplier have been made available. Choosing the correct technique and implementing it can make a big difference regarding power. This being specially important on low-power battery-operated devices, where a longer life could be preferred to a higher output precision. Operand Reduction and Truncated multipliers are two such techniques. They are reviewed in this paper and their effectiveness and power vs accuracy exchange profiles are compared and analyzed for ASIC design via simulation. Comparative results are presented after applying both techniques to a 16-bit Wallace tree-based multiplier synthesized in 90nm low power standard cells.
Optimum cost location area planning for third generation mobiles (2005)

In this paper, the problem of optimal cost location area planning with an approach useful to cellular network planners is done. The methodology adopted is quite simple and relies on certain assumptions like the random walk model of mobility pattern, mobile terminals, and considering inter LA handoff to be a fair estimate of location update/registration cost. The basic scheme for LA planning with formulation of a problem for 100 cells, solution methodology invoked, simulation results and discussion on its implications, are the bases of this paper. The proposal is fully compatible with existing cellular structures and requires minimal computational power.
Compression of Digital-Ink with Pen Slip Using Optimal <i>L</i><sub>1</sub> Smoothing Splines (2014)

This paper considers a problem on data compression of “Digital-Ink" which is a sequence of data sampled from the traced curve at a sampling rate. In particular, considering the case when there are some slips of pen during the handwriting input due to a frictionless sheet on the display, etc., we develop a robust method of digital-ink compression by employing optimal smoothing spline method based on B-splines. It is shown that L1 smoothing spline can be used effectively for excluding the influence due to the pen slips. The performance is examined by some experimental studies.
Dynamic Changes in Matrix Metalloprotienase Activity Within the Human Myocardial Interstitium During Myocardial Arrest and Reperfusion (2008)

The present study directly demonstrated that MMP proteolytic activity exists within the human myocardial interstitium and is a dynamic process under conditions such as myocardial arrest and reperfusion.
Anti-inflammatory properties of anesthetic agents (2017)

This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2017. Other selected articles can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2017 . Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901 .
Estimation and mode decision for spatially correlated motion sequences (2001)

There are several parts of the video-encoding process that can be optimized for high quality, high compression ratio, and fast encoding speed. We focus on some of these encoder optimization issues. We first study motion estimation, a computationally intensive part of encoding, and propose efficient algorithms based on exploiting spatially correlated motion information. We extend our motion estimation algorithms to find motion vectors for sub-parts of a block, as allowed for in the H.263 and MPEG-4 standards, and propose an efficient two-tier decision strategy for the one-four motion-vector decision. We introduce a new measure of block similarity that can improve the inter-intra mode decision significantly. Furthermore, for certain motion-estimation strategies, this new measure can also improve the bit rate resulting from a better motion estimation. Another issue that we address is the estimation of delta motion vectors in the H.263 and MPEG-4 standards. We have implemented these optimizations in a H.263 framework and the results are encouraging.
Immunocytochemical demonstration of α2-M-R/LRP on Müller (glial) cells isolated from rabbit and human retina (1996)

The alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha 2-M-R/LRP) is a multifunctional receptor which has been implicated in lipoprotein metabolism, clearance of proteinase-proteinase inhibitor complexes and regulation of growth factor/cytokine metabolism. This receptor is abundantly present in numerous tissues and organs such as liver, lung, placenta and brain. In brain it is expressed in neurones but not in normal macroglia. Using immunocytochemistry and monoclonal antibodies against the large extracellular receptor subunit we have detected alpha 2-M-R/LRP on enzymatically isolated retinal Müller (glial) cells. This receptor may be involved in vital functions of Müller cells.
Effect-Driven Dynamic Selection of Physical Media for Visual IoT Services Using Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have encouraged web services to expand their provision boundary to physical environments by utilizing IoT devices. IoT services that generate and deliver physical effects to users via a space utilize such IoT devices as media to interact within a physical environment. Existing studies on dynamic service selection have only considered network-level quality of service (QoS) attributes, which cannot be used to evaluate the quality of the delivery of physical effects from a user perspective. Furthermore, to provide the services in a continuous manner, a dynamic selection of physical media is essential. Herein we propose a new metric called visual service effectiveness to evaluate how well a visual effect, generated using an IoT device as a medium, can be delivered to a user. Based on this metric, we also propose an effect-driven dynamic medium selection agent (EDMS-Agent) that conducts medium selection to maximize the visual service effectiveness during runtime and can be trained using reinforcement learning algorithms. We evaluated our EDMS-Agent by conducting several experiments in simulated IoT environments. The results show that simple distance-based metric is insufficient to measure the quality of physical effects in the user's perspective, and EDMS-Agent performs better than the baselines in terms of effectiveness, by learning the optimal policy of selecting media.
Neurological Complications of Local Anaesthetics in Dentistry (1999)

Neurological complications following the administration of a local anaesthetic can be alarming. By reading reports of such incidents, dentists who find themselves in similar situations will be able to reassure their patients and act accordingly. The authors have reviewed the literature for those neurological complications that have been reported and offer an explanation of their aetiology. Examples of complications covered are facial nerve palsy, transient amaurosis, post-injection paraesthesia, Horner's syndrome, transient paralysis of combined cranial nerves III, IV and VI, sudden unilateral deafness and abducens nerve palsy. A thorough knowledge of the relevant anatomy pertinent to the various injections used in dental surgery is essential and is highlighted in the text.
Infrared spectra of the Li+–(H2)n (n=1–3) cation complexes (2007)

The Li+-(H2)n n=1-3 complexes are investigated through infrared spectra recorded in the H-H stretch region (3980-4120 cm-1) and through ab initio calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ level. The rotationally resolved H-H stretch band of Li+-H2 is centered at 4053.4 cm-1 [a -108 cm-1 shift from the Q1(0) transition of H2]. The spectrum exhibits rotational substructure consistent with the complex possessing a T-shaped equilibrium geometry, with the Li+ ion attached to a slightly perturbed H2 molecule. Around 100 rovibrational transitions belonging to parallel Ka=0-0, 1-1, 2-2, and 3-3 subbands are observed. The Ka=0-0 and 1-1 transitions are fitted by a Watson A-reduced Hamiltonian yielding effective molecular parameters. The vibrationally averaged intermolecular separation in the ground vibrational state is estimated as 2.056 A increasing by 0.004 A when the H2 subunit is vibrationally excited. The spectroscopic data are compared to results from rovibrational calculations using recent three dimensional Li+-H2 potential energy surfaces [Martinazzo et al., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 11241 (2003); Kraemer and Spirko, Chem. Phys. 330, 190 (2006)]. The H-H stretch band of Li+-(H2)2, which is centered at 4055.5 cm-1 also exhibits resolved rovibrational structure. The spectroscopic data along with ab initio calculations support a H2-Li+-H2 geometry, in which the two H2 molecules are disposed on opposite sides of the central Li+ ion. The two equivalent Li+...H2 bonds have approximately the same length as the intermolecular bond in Li+-H2. The Li+-(H2)3 cluster is predicted to possess a trigonal structure in which a central Li+ ion is surrounded by three equivalent H2 molecules. Its infrared spectrum features a broad unresolved band centered at 4060 cm-1.
The magnetic toroidal dipole in steric metamaterial for permittivity sensor application (2013)

A new kind of metamaterial composed of metallic split-ring structure arranged in a two-dimensional array is designed, which shows the multipoles' resonances, especially the magnetic toroidal dipolar (MTD) resonance. The calculated scattering power proves that the resonance at 14.416 GHz is mainly excited by MTD response. Compared with the other two resonances excited by normal multipoles, MTD response has the strongest dependence on permittivity of substrate and background material, which has potential applications on permittivity sensor.
Toughened Sustainable Green Composites from Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyvalerate) Based Ternary Blends and Miscanthus Biofiber (2014)

Novel green composites with an excellent balance of properties were successfully fabricated from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) based renewable ternary blends and miscanthus through a cost-efficient reactive extrusion process. The ternary blend of PHBV with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was engineered as a high toughening matrix for the natural fiber composites using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the reactive compatibilizer. The addition of miscanthus fibers into the matrix significantly enhanced its stiffness and thermal resistance while still keeping a good toughness. A high value of impact strength up to 240.5 J/m was still achieved even with 20 wt % miscathus added. The mechanical modulus of the composites were also analyzed using mathematical models including rule of mixtures (ROM), inverse rule of mixtures (IROM), and the Tsai–Pagano equations. In the multiphase blends and composites, ENR played unique dual roles as an effective coupling agent and impact modifier in the presence of DCP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated good interfacial adhesion among the different phases in the composites, which played a vital role in improving the strength and toughness of the materials. At the same time, balanced melt viscosity and density were also achieved for the composites, which are important for wide application.
Ml joint CFO and channel estimation in OFDM systems with timing ambiguity (2008)

This letter addresses the problem of joint estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel for OFDM systems in the presence of timing ambiguity. Based on two signal models for quasi-synchronized OFDM systems, two joint CFO and channel estimators are derived from the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion. The first estimator obtained is a joint estimator for all unknown parameters, which needs a multi-dimensional search. The second estimator has a reduced complexity, but its performance slightly degrades compared with the first one. Through MSE analyses, we find that when the number of subcarriers is large, the two estimators are equivalent.
How I treat high-risk myeloma (2015)

The treatment of patients with myeloma has dramatically changed over the past decade due in part to the development of new agents and myeloma-specific targets. Despite these advancements, a group for whom the long-term benefit remains less clear are patients with genetically or clinically defined high-risk myeloma. In order to successfully treat these patients, it is important to first identify these patients, treat them with aggressive combination therapy, and employ the use of aggressive long-term maintenance therapy. Future directions include the use of new immune-based treatments (antibodies or cellular-based therapies) as well as target-driven approaches. Until these treatment approaches are better defined, this review will provide a potential treatment approach for standard- and high-risk myeloma that can be followed using agents and strategies that are currently available with the goal of improving progression-free and overall survival for these patients today.
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) as a Tool to Measure Ligand Flexibility of Chelating Chiral Di-<i>N</i>-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes (2011)

A series of eight [(diNHC)Rh(CO)2][OTf] complexes, 1′-R, 2′-R, and 3′-R (where diNHC = DEAM, trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-diylmethanediyl carbene, and DEA, trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-diyl carbene ligands; R = R-methylphenylmethane (R-CHMePh), diphenylmethane (diPh), benzyl (Bn), methyl (Me), isopropyl (iPr), and o-methylbenzyl (o-MeBn); carbene heterocycle = imidazol-2-ylidene, and benzimidazol-2-ylidene), are synthesized and characterized. The purpose for the synthesis of these complexes was to examine the relationship between carbene N-heterocycle, R-group substitution, and metallocycle ring size (DEAM = 9, DEA = 7 atom ring) on ligand flexibility. The complexes were examined by chemical exchange saturation transfer to measure the rate of conformational isomerization. The results indicate that flexibility is not significantly altered by choice of carbene heterocycle and R group. However, the constrained DEA diNHC derivative does not undergo conformational isomerization.