gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Design and Analysis of a Segmented Ultralight Morphing Rotor (SUMR) for Extreme-Scale Wind Turbines (2012)

To alleviate the mass-scaling issues associated with conventional upwind rotors of extreme-scale wind turbines (≥ 10MW), a segmented ultralight morphing rotor (SUMR) concept was proposed by Loth et al. (2010, 2012). The concept employs a downwind rotor with segmented blades whose elements are stiff and whose joints can be unlocked to allow for moment-free downstream alignment. Aligning the combination of gravitational, centrifugal and thrust forces along the blade path reduces downwind cantilever loads, reducing to a primarily tensile loading. Herein, the SUMR concept is developed further by fixing the blade curvature and limiting morphing to a downwind coming angle through a single near-hub joint. Between cut-in and rated conditions, this downwind angle varies linearly between 0 o (no alignment) to 24 o (full alignment). Between rated conditions and cut-out conditions, the blade is fully-aligned, and this results in a decrease in coning angle to a value of 11 o just before cut-out. To quantify mass savings, a 10 MW model (based on the NREL 5 MW reference turbine) was created for a conventional rotor blade and the SUMR blade. The morphing blade used an internal structure similar to the Sandia 100-m allglass blade. The structural stresses were then predicted with a finite element method over a range of operating wind speeds and azimuthal angles. This leads to a net mass savings of 50% through decreased shell, spar, and shear web thicknesses. Furthermore, the ability to stow the morphing blades under extreme wind conditions with a pivot near the hub is found to substantially reduce the high wind constraint, as compared to that for conventional blades.
Processible boron nitride preceramic polymers. Technical report (1987)

Synthesis of B-triamino-N-tris(trimethylsily)borazine from the precursor B-trichloro-N-tris(trimethylsilyl)borazine is reported. Thermal condensations of the two borazines are discussed and mechanisms responsible for the results observed are postulated. A structural arrangement for the preceramic polymer obtained from B-triamino-N-tris(trimethylsilyl)-borazine is proposed. Utilization of the above polymer for fiber manufacture, application as fiber coatings, and coatings in general are described together with the transformations into boron nitride in ammonia atmosphere.
A unidirectional acoustic focusing device with a group of three electrodes (1979)

A unidirectional device for acoustic focusing has been devised. The transducer consists of a group of three electrodes deposited on two surfaces of a thin piezoelectric ceramic plate. One of them is used as a common earth electrode and is on the substrate surface in contact with water. The others are interdigital electrodes on the other surface. The design and basic focusing properties of the device are described.
Green noise digital halftoning (2002)

We introduce the concept of green noise-the mid-frequency component of white noise-and its advantages over blue noise for digital halftoning. Unlike blue noise, which creates the illusion of continuous tone by spreading the minority pixels of a binary dither pattern as homogeneously as possible, green noise forms minority pixel clusters which are themselves distributed as homogeneously as possible. By clustering pixels, green noise patterns are less susceptible to image degradation from printer distortions such as dot-overlap (the overlapping of a printed dot with its nearest neighbors), and by adjusting the average number of pixels per cluster, green noise patterns are tunable to specific printer characteristics. Using both spectral and spatial statistics, are establish models for ideal green noise patterns.
A Two‐Photon Probe for Near‐Membrane Zinc Ions (2014)

Abstract A two‐photon probe for near‐membrane zinc ions that can be excited by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses and emit at 500 nm is reported. The probe can be easily loaded into cells and tissue slices to visualize near‐membrane zinc ions in live cells and tissues for a long period of time through the use of two‐photon microscopy.
Toward Condensation-Resistant Omniphobic Surfaces (2018)

Omniphobic surfaces based on reentrant surface structures repel all liquids, regardless of the surface material, without requiring low-surface-energy coatings. Although omniphobic surfaces have been designed and demonstrated, they can fail during condensation, a phenomenon ubiquitous in both nature and industrial applications. Specifically, as condensate nucleates within the reentrant geometry, omniphobicity is destroyed. Here, we show a nanostructured surface that can repel liquids even during condensation. This surface consists of isolated reentrant cavities with a pitch on the order of 100 nm to prevent droplets from nucleating and spreading within all structures. We developed a model to guide surface design and subsequently fabricated and tested these surfaces with various liquids. We demonstrated repellency to 10 °C below the dew point and showed durability over 3 weeks. This work provides important insights for achieving robust, omniphobic surfaces.
Incoherent Combining of High-Power Fiber Lasers for Directed-Energy Applications (2008)

Abstract : High-power fiber lasers can be incoherently combined to form the basis of a directed high-energy laser system. This approach has a number of advantages over other beam combining methods and can result in compact, robust, low maintenance and long-lifetime high-energy laser systems. The first field demonstration of incoherent beam combining using kilowatt-class, single-mode fiber lasers over a kilometer propagation range is discussed. The experiment employed four fiber lasers and a beam director consisting of individually controlled steering mirrors. Propagation efficiencies greater than 90% at power levels of 3 kilowatts were demonstrated at a range greater than 1 kilometer.
Structural alterations that differentially affect the mutagenic and antitrichomonal activities of 5-nitroimidazoles (1987)

Two approaches have been used to develop nonmutagenic 5-nitroimidazoles. Both approaches are based on knowledge of the likely mechanisms by which this class of compounds cause mutagenicity. The first approach involved incorporating readily oxidizable gallate derivatives into the molecule. In one case, a very weakly mutagenic active antitrichomonal agent was obtained. The second approach involved incorporating a substituent at the C4 position of the ring. This generally resulted in a large reduction in mutagenicity and a lowering of antitrichomonal activity in vitro. In certain cases, however, mutagenicity was dramatically reduced while moderate antitrichomonal activity was retained. For example, 1,2-dimethyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitroimidazole (5) showed good antitrichomonal activity in vitro (ED50 = 2 micrograms/kg) while possessing only 4% of the mutagenicity of metronidazole.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes to be Employed in the Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin Model Compounds (2012)

Lignin is an earth-abundant biopolymer that is grossly underutilized as a value stream in current biomass conversion technologies because there exist no economic and technically feasible routes for lignin depolymerization and upgrading to fuels and chemicals. The development of new mild and selective catalytic routes to depolymerize this recalcitrant biopolymer is required to more effectively utilize lignin. To that end, our group aims to synthesize and characterize a collection of organometallic catalysts to promote atom-economical catalytic lignin deconstruction. These catalysts have been screened against dimeric lignin model compounds in order to gain mechanistic insights into their modes of action. In addition, experimental efforts have been coupled with quantum mechanical calculations to elucidate solution behavior of the catalysts as well as the mechanisms of lignin depolymerization. Detailed synthetic procedures, as well as spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization and DFT calculations will be presented.
Interface-blocking mechanism for reduction of threading dislocations in SiGe and Ge epitaxial layers on Si(100) substrates (2004)

A mechanism of interface blocking was proposed to reduce the threading dislocations in the SiGe and Ge layers on Si(100) substrates. In this work, epitaxial Si1−xGex∕Si1−(x−y)Gex−y and Ge∕SiyGe1−y layers were grown by UHV/CVD. It was surprisingly found that if the variation of the Ge composition, y, across the interface of Si1−xGex∕Si1−(x−y)Gex−y or Ge∕SiyGe1−y is higher than a certain value, most of the threading dislocations appear to be blocked and confined in the underlying Si1−(x−y)Gex−y or SiyGe1−y layer by the interface. It implies that this finding can provide a simple way to grow high-quality relaxed SiGe and Ge layers on the Si substrates.
Classification of Rail Switch Data Using Machine Learning Techniques (2018)

Rail switches are critical infrastructure components of a railroad network, that must maintain high-levels of reliable operation. Given the vast number and variety of switches that can exist across a rail network, there is an immediate need for robust automated methods of detecting switch degradations and failures without expensive add-on equipment. In this work, we explore two recent machine learning frameworks for classifying various switch degradation indicators: (1) a featureless recurrent neural network called a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture, and (2), the Deep Wavelet Scattering Transform (DWST), which produces features that are locally time invariant and stable to time-warping deformations. We describe both methods as they apply to rail switch monitoring and demonstrate their feasibility on a dataset captured under the service conditions by Alstom Corporation. For multiple categories of degradation types, the baseline models consistently achieve near-perfect accuracies and are competitive with the manual analysis conducted by human switch-maintenance experts.
Microelectrode Recording Duration and Spatial Density Constraints for Automatic Targeting of the Subthalamic Nucleus (2012)

STN entry detection error was about half of the step size. Sampling duration of STN activity can be minimized to 1 s/record without compromising accuracy. We conclude that bilateral DBS surgery time utilizing MER may be significantly shortened without compromising targeting accuracy.
An Implementable Scheme for Universal Lossy Compression of Discrete Markov Sources (2009)

We present a new lossy compressor for discrete sources. For coding a source sequence x <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> , the encoder starts by assigning a certain cost to each reconstruction sequence. It then finds the reconstruction that minimizes this cost and describes it losslessly to the decoder via a universal lossless compressor. The cost of a sequence is given by a linear combination of its empirical probabilities of some order k+1 and its distortion relative to the source sequence. The linear structure of the cost in the empirical count matrix allows the encoder to employ a Viterbi-like algorithm for obtaining the minimizing reconstruction sequence simply. We identify a choice of coefficients for the linear combination in the cost function which ensures that the algorithm universally achieves the optimum rate-distortion performance of any Markov source in the limit of large n, provided k is increased as o(log n).
Conditional subscription and notification in information centric networks (2017)

This paper proposes mechanisms to support basic, as well as conditional subscription/notification communication pattern in the Information Centric Networks (ICN), which still leverage and build on the ICN architecture and fundamental design principles with minimum change to the protocols. The proposed new interest message integrates content retrieve request, subscription and notification functions, and adds the conditions field which allow the consumers to specify the notification conditions for their subscribed content. Besides the forwarding face list to the producers for a named content, this paper proposes that the Forwarding Interest Base (FIB) also maintains the forwarding face list to the subscribers and associated notification conditions for the named content. This mechanism maintains the forwarding faces for a retrieval request message and for a notification message of the same named content in the same entry in the FIB. The subscription interest or notification interest does not need to be maintained in the PIT. The proposed mechanism embeds the notification multicast along the forwarding paths, which eliminates the unnecessary notification message delivery by unicast, reduces the notification latency experienced by each subscriber, and improves the network throughput. The conditions associated with each forwarding face to subscribers make sure that a notification message is only forwarded to the face if there were incoming subscription requests from consumers with matching conditions.
Validation of Two New Immunoassays for Sensitive Detection of a Broad Range of Shiga Toxins (2016)

Shiga Toxin (Stx) is one of the major virulence factors produced by Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that cause severe human intestinal diseases. Although a few commercial assays for Stxs are available, they only detect a subset of Stxs. In this study, two new immunoassays, Abraxis Stx1 and Stx2, were evaluated and compared with the widely used Premier EHEC kit using the same set of standards developed in our laboratory. The new assays were demonstrated to be highly reliable and capable of detecting all 10 subtypes of Stxs and have a limit of detection for Stx1a and Stx2a down to 25 pg/mL, a 20-fold improvement over the Premier EHEC. When applied to forty-nine bacterial isolates collected from clinic, environmental and fresh produce samples, the new assays identified all but one stx2b-producing STEC strains, while the Premier EHEC ELISA missed two stx2e- and one stx2g-STEC stains. Furthermore, the new assays were also able to identify STEC strains using single colonies on agar plates without lengthy enrichment in liquid medium. The broad crossreactivity, robustness and high reproducibility and sensitivity of the new assays will be useful in reducing product recalls due to failures of detecting rare Stxs.
Potent Antiviral Synergy between Monoclonal Antibody and Small-Molecule CCR5 Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2006)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 provides a portal of entry for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into susceptible CD4(+) cells. Both monoclonal antibody (MAb) and small-molecule CCR5 inhibitors have entered human clinical testing, but little is known regarding their potential interactions. We evaluated the interactions between CCR5 MAbs, small-molecule CCR5 antagonists, and inhibitors of HIV-1 gp120, gp41, and reverse transcriptase in vitro. Inhibition data were analyzed for cooperative effects using the combination index (CI) method and stringent statistical criteria. Potent, statistically significant antiviral synergy was observed between the CCR5 MAb PRO 140 and the small-molecule CCR5 antagonists maraviroc (UK-427,857), vicriviroc (SCH-D), and TAK-779. High-level synergy was observed consistently across various assay systems, HIV-1 envelopes, CCR5 target cells, and inhibition levels. CI values ranged from 0.18 to 0.64 and translated into in vitro dose reductions of up to 14-fold. Competition binding studies revealed nonreciprocal patterns of CCR5 binding by MAb and small-molecule CCR5 inhibitors, suggesting that synergy occurs at the level of receptor binding. In addition, both PRO 140 and maraviroc synergized with the chemokine RANTES, a natural ligand for CCR5; however, additive effects were observed for both small-molecule CCR5 antagonists and PRO 140 in combination with other classes of HIV-1 inhibitors. The findings provide a rationale for clinical exploration of MAb and small-molecule CCR5 inhibitors in novel dual-CCR5 regimens for HIV-1 therapy.
Tunable injection-locked cadmium monoiodide laser (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. P. Greene and J. G. Eden, "Tunable injection-locked cadmium monoiodide laser," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, D. Hodges, W. Silfvast, G. Bjorklund, and E. Hinkley, eds., OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1984), paper FH4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Gabor phase feature-based hyperspectral imagery classification (2017)

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) Gabor phase coding and Hamming distance matching approach, called 3DGPC-HDM, is proposed for hyperspectral imagery classification. Specifically, the Gabor phase features with certain orientations are utilized, which are then encoded by a simple quadrant bit coding scheme. Next, a normalized Hamming distance matching method has been introduced to determine the similarity of two samples, and the nearest neighbor classifier is routinely used for recognition. The extensive experiments on two real hyper-spectral data sets have demonstrated superior performance of the proposed 3DGPC-HDM approach over the state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
Modeling the blood–brain barrier using stem cell sources (2013)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective endothelial interface that controls trafficking between the bloodstream and brain interstitial space. During development, the BBB arises as a result of complex multicellular interactions between immature endothelial cells and neural progenitors, neurons, radial glia, and pericytes. As the brain develops, astrocytes and pericytes further contribute to BBB induction and maintenance of the BBB phenotype. Because BBB development, maintenance, and disease states are difficult and time-consuming to study in vivo, researchers often utilize in vitro models for simplified analyses and higher throughput. The in vitro format also provides a platform for screening brain-penetrating therapeutics. However, BBB models derived from adult tissue, especially human sources, have been hampered by limited cell availability and model fidelity. Furthermore, BBB endothelium is very difficult if not impossible to isolate from embryonic animal or human brain, restricting capabilities to model BBB development in vitro. In an effort to address some of these shortcomings, advances in stem cell research have recently been leveraged for improving our understanding of BBB development and function. Stem cells, which are defined by their capacity to expand by self-renewal, can be coaxed to form various somatic cell types and could in principle be very attractive for BBB modeling applications. In this review, we will describe how neural progenitor cells (NPCs), the in vitro precursors to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, can be used to study BBB induction. Next, we will detail how these same NPCs can be differentiated to more mature populations of neurons and astrocytes and profile their use in co-culture modeling of the adult BBB. Finally, we will describe our recent efforts in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to endothelial cells with robust BBB characteristics and detail how these cells could ultimately be used to study BBB development and maintenance, to model neurological disease, and to screen neuropharmaceuticals.
Technique for Measuring the Total Concentration of Gaseous Fixed Nitrogen Species (1982)

This paper reports the development of a rapid, continuous technique for analyzing fixed nitrogen species (NH3, HCN, CH3NH2, etc.). The technique uses a platinum catalyst at low pressure in combination with a conventional chemiluminescent NO x analyzer. Previous workers observed that conventional stainless steel catalysts, and platinum catalysts operated at atmospheric pressure, do not reliably convert NH3 to NO. The most serious problem was the variation in the efficiency of these catalysts with operating conditions. Changes in temperature, gas composition, or XNH3 could change the conversion efficiency from 99.9% to <30%. The new conversion technique, however, is quantitative up to several thousand ppm NH3 in either O2/He or O2/CO2/N2.
Analysis of T- and B-cell epitopes of capsid protein of rubella virus by using synthetic peptides (1992)

A nested set of 11 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the entire sequence of rubella virus capsid protein was synthesized, purified, and tested against human rubella virus-specific T-cell lines and rubella virus-seropositive sera. T-cell lines derived from four donors responded strongly to four synthetic peptides containing residues 96 to 123, 119 to 152, 205 to 233, and 255 to 280. Only one peptide (residues 255 to 280) was recognized by all four T-cell lines. Two human immunodominant linear B-cell epitopes were mapped to residues 1 to 30 and 96 to 123 by using peptide-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All 11 synthetic peptides were highly immunogenic and induced strong antibody responses in rabbits against the respective immunized peptides. Seven of the 11 rabbit antipeptide antisera (anti-1-30, -74-100, -96-123, -119-152, -205-233, -231-257, and -255-280) specifically recognized the capsid protein on immunoblots. Identification of these T- and B-cell epitopes represents the first step toward rational design of synthetic vaccines against rubella.
A Mechanics-Based Nonrigid Registration Method for Liver Surgery Using Sparse Intraoperative Data (2013)

In open abdominal image-guided liver surgery, sparse measurements of the organ surface can be taken intraoperatively via a laser-range scanning device or a tracked stylus with relatively little impact on surgical workflow. We propose a novel nonrigid registration method which uses sparse surface data to reconstruct a mapping between the preoperative CT volume and the intraoperative patient space. The mapping is generated using a tissue mechanics model subject to boundary conditions consistent with surgical supportive packing during liver resection therapy. Our approach iteratively chooses parameters which define these boundary conditions such that the deformed tissue model best fits the intraoperative surface data. Using two liver phantoms, we gathered a total of five deformation datasets with conditions comparable to open surgery. The proposed nonrigid method achieved a mean target registration error (TRE) of 3.3 mm for targets dispersed throughout the phantom volume, using a limited region of surface data to drive the nonrigid registration algorithm, while rigid registration resulted in a mean TRE of 9.5 mm. In addition, we studied the effect of surface data extent, the inclusion of subsurface data, the trade-offs of using a nonlinear tissue model, robustness to rigid misalignments, and the feasibility in five clinical datasets.