gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive Effects of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy on CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cell Homeostasis and Function in Advanced HIV Disease (1997)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increases CD4(+) cell numbers, but its ability to correct the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced immune deficiency remains unknown. A three-phase T cell reconstitution was demonstrated after HAART, with: (i) an early rise of memory CD4(+) cells, (ii) a reduction in T cell activation correlated to the decreasing retroviral activity together with an improved CD4(+) T cell reactivity to recall antigens, and (iii) a late rise of "naïve" CD4(+) lymphocytes while CD8(+) T cells declined, however, without complete normalization of these parameters. Thus, decreasing the HIV load can reverse HIV-driven activation and CD4(+) T cell defects in advanced HIV-infected patients.
The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (2023)

First published in 1973, this influential work discusses Einstein's General Theory of Relativity to show how two of its predictions arise: first, that the ultimate fate of many massive stars is to undergo gravitational collapse to form 'black holes'; and second, that there was a singularity in the past at the beginning of the universe. Starting with a precise formulation of the theory, including the necessary differential geometry, the authors discuss the significance of space-time curvature and examine the properties of a number of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations. They develop the theory of the causal structure of a general space-time, and use it to prove a number of theorems establishing the inevitability of singularities under certain conditions. A Foreword contributed by Abhay Ashtekar and a new Preface from George Ellis help put the volume into context of the developments in the field over the past fifty years.
Design of electrical stimulation bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering (2008)

Electrical stimulation has been shown to improve functional assembly of cardiomyocytes in vitro for cardiac tissue engineering. Carbon electrodes were found in past studies to have the best current injection characteristics. The goal of this study was to develop rational experimental design principles for the electrodes and stimulation regime, in particular electrode configuration, electrode ageing, and stimulation amplitude. Carbon rod electrodes were compared via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and we identified a safety range of 0 to 8 V/cm by comparing excitation thresholds and maximum capture rates for neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultured with electrical stimulation. We conclude with recommendations for studies involving carbon electrodes for cardiac tissue engineering.
Statistical Determination of Surface Flaw Density in Brittle Materials (1976)

The density of surface flaws in brittle materials can be determined from the loads in many different kinds of tests. A general method is derived and applied to indentation experiments on crown, plate, window, lead, and commercial heat‐resistant and heat‐absorbing glasses. Knowledge of flaw density is important for estimating size effect, and differences in flaw density indicate the possibility of significant improvements in strength by eliminating a few major sources of flaws.
Direct Micromolding of Pd <i>μ</i>-Stripes for Electronic Applications (2011)

A simple, one-step direct micromolding process has been realised to produce highly conducting Pd micro-stripes over large areas on various substrates including flexible polyimide. Under a PDMS micromold, Pd octanethiolate served as a precursor at 250 degrees C, a temperature at which the precursor gets neatly metallised. Thus produced micro-stripes are robust under bending and can be utilised for flexible electronics. Hydrogen sensing by Pd micro-stripes is demonstrated. By electrolessly depositing Cu on the stripes, they can be made to peel off to form free standing Cu-Pd micro-ribbons.
Transparent Flexible Substrates Based on Polyimides with Aluminum Doped Zinc Oxide (AZO) Thin Films (2005)

In this paper, transparent flexible substrates based on polyimides (PIs) with aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films for organic electroluminescent devices have been prepared. PI film based on 2,2'-bis-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropanedianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2'-bis-(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (TFDB) were used for transparent flexible substrates. AZO thin films were prepared at two substrate deposition temperatures of 100/spl deg/C and 200/spl deg/C with a typical radio-frequency (r.f.) planar magnetron sputtering system. The sheet resistance and the optical transmission properties for AZO films on the fluorinated PI substrate were comparable with those for the AZO films on a glass substrate. The substrate properties were better when the deposition temperature was higher.
Realising high-current gain p-n-p transistors using a novel surface accumulation layer transistor (SALTran) concept (2005)

The authors report a new p-n-p surface accumulation layer transistor (SALTran) on SOI, which uses the concept of surface accumulation of holes near the emitter contact to significantly improve the current gain. Using two-dimensional simulation, the performance of the proposed device has been evaluated in detail by comparing its characteristics with those of the previously published conventional p-n-p lateral bipolar transistor (LBT) structure. From the simulation results it is observed that, depending on the choice of the emitter doping and the emitter length, the proposed SALTran exhibits a current gain enhancement of around twenty times that of the compatible lateral bipolar transistor, without deteriorating the cutoff frequency. Reasons for the improved performance of the SALTran are discussed, based on these detailed simulation results.
Synthesis of 2-Alkenyl- and 2-Alkynyl-benzo[<i>b</i>]phospholes by Using Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (2013)

Heck, Stille, and Sonogashira reactions of 2-bromobenzo[b]phosphole P-oxide afforded a series of 2-alkenyl- and 2-alkynyl-benzo[b]phosphole P-oxides. The charge-transfer character of the new benzo[b]phosphole π-systems in the excited state is enhanced by the terminal electron-donating substituents. Furthermore, the C-Sn cross-coupling of the bromide was applied to the facile synthesis of a new Stille-coupling precursor, 2-stannylbenzo[b]phosphole.
2.4 GHz antenna array using vector modulator-based active phase shifters for beamforming (2011)

This study presents the analysis and the experimental results of a 2.4 GHz antenna array using vector modulators working as active phase shifters for beamforming. With the use of such an active phase shifter, a continuously controlled 360° phase shifting range can be achieved leading to an efficient beamforming architecture. To show the robustness of this system, a theoretical analysis is first performed in order to quantify the impact of vector modulators I/Q mismatch on the obtained gains and phase shifts. In the same way, the impact of the vector modulators noisy command voltages is also quantified by system simulations. The experimental results of the 2.4 GHz vector modulators show a maximum relative gain error close to 2.5% and an absolute phase error less than 3°. The measured 1 dB output compression point is −6 dBm. Measurements of the prototype including an array of four ‘patch’ antennas controlled by the vector modulators were also performed in an anechoic chamber. The results show good agreement between measured and theoretical radiation patterns.
A Path Computation Element for shared path protection in GMPLS-enabled wavelength switched optical networks (2008)

The paper presents the design, implementation and deployment of a path computation element for GMPLS wavelength switched networks with shared path protection, assessing the feasibility but with increased setup delay.
Synthesis and characterization of novel epoxy monomers and liquid crystal thermosets (1993)

Abstract Four new epoxy monomers have been synthesized and characterized as part of a program to prepare novel liquid crystal thermoset (LCT) materials. Three of the new epoxy monomers contained a biphenyl mesogen and were not liquid crystalline (LC). The remaining epoxy monomer, which contained a 1,4‐dibenzoyloxybenzene mesogen, was synthesized in an overall yield of 30% and displayed a broad (83°C) nematic liquid crystalline phase. The new liquid crystalline epoxy monomer was cured at 120°C and postcured at 175°C with a stoichiometric amount of 1,4‐phenylenediamine. The thermal transitions of the resulting LCT were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light optical microscopy (POM), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and wide angle x‐ray diffraction (WAXD) as a function of cure time and temperature. A process characterization diagram was constructed which shows that LCTs based on this new LC monomer can be processed in the liquid crystalline phase over a broad range of times and temperatures. Qualitative agreement with previous epoxy LCT results was found, as LCT's with smectic phases and without clearing temperatures were observed at long cure times (high crosslink densities), whereas nematic phases with clearing temperatures predominated in networks at short cure times (low crosslink densities). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Randomized structure from motion based on atomic 3D models from camera triplets (2009)

This paper presents a new efficient technique for large-scale structure from motion from unordered data sets. We avoid costly computation of all pairwise matches and geometries by sampling pairs of images using the pairwise similarity scores based on the detected occurrences of visual words leading to a significant speedup. Furthermore, atomic 3D models reconstructed from camera triplets are used as the seeds which form the final large-scale 3D model when merged together. Using three views instead of two allows us to reveal most of the outliers of pairwise geometries at an early stage of the process hindering them from derogating the quality of the resulting 3D structure at later stages. The accuracy of the proposed technique is shown on a set of 64 images where the result of the exhaustive technique is known. Scalability is demonstrated on a landmark reconstruction from hundreds of images.
A geometrical interpretation of large amplitude oscillatory shear response (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kwang Soo Cho, Kyu Hyun, Kyung Hyun Ahn, Seung Jong Lee; A geometrical interpretation of large amplitude oscillatory shear response. J. Rheol. 1 May 2005; 49 (3): 747–758. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1895801 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Simplex minimisation for fast block matching motionestimation (1998)

The authors formulate block matching motion estimation as a two-dimensional constrained minimisation problem and then solve this problem using simplex minimisation (SM). To achieve this, a suitable initialisation procedure is proposed, in addition to a termination criterion and constraints on the independent variables of the search. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated to outperform other fast block matching motion estimation techniques.
Wireless Communication Infrastructure for a Short-Range Unmanned Aerial (2014)

This paper describes a low cost wireless communication infrastructure designed for a short-range Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). It aims at providing a communication link between the UAV and a base station and also additional links that may allow collecting data from a remote Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The challenge here is using the same hardware to communicate with potential heterogeneous devices and using different protocols. The paper details the software layer designed to support a reliable communication with the base station, as well a highly efficient best-effort communication with nodes from a WSN. For both cases, a single IEEE 802.15.4 extended range transceiver is used. To demonstrate the proposed infrastructure, two different utilization scenarios were implemented and tested. The first consists of the UAV node communicating with spatially distributed sensors on the ground. In the second scenario, the UAV node delivers the collected data to the base station. Both communication scenarios are very different in terms of connection time and other communication requirements. Obtained results show that the proposed solution attends the related challenges.
Large-scale cell production of stem cells for clinical application using the automated cell processing machine (2013)

An automated cell-processing machine will play important roles in cell therapy and have widespread use from application in multicenter trials to provision of off-the-shelf cell products.
Differences in Tissue Angiotensin II–Forming Pathways by Species and Organs In Vitro (1998)

Angiotensin (Ang) II plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis, not only in the systemic circulation but also at the tissue level, and is involved in the remodeling of the heart and vasculature under pathological conditions. Although alternative Ang II-forming pathways are known to exist in various tissues, the details of such pathways remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine tissue Ang II-forming activities and to identify the responsible enzyme in several organs (lung, heart, and aorta) in various species (human, hamster, rat, rabbit, dog, pig, and marmoset). Among the organs examined, the lung contained the highest Ang II-forming activity. The responsible enzyme for pulmonary Ang II formation was angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in all of the species except the human lung, in which a chymaselike enzyme was dominant. In the heart, the highest total Ang II-forming activity was observed in humans, and a chymaselike enzyme was dominant in all of the species except rabbit and pig. Aorta exhibited a relatively high total Ang II-forming activity, with a predominance of chymaselike activity in all of the species except rabbit and pig, in which ACE was dominant. Our results indicate that there were remarkable differences in Ang II-forming pathways among the species and organs we examined. To study the pathophysiological roles of ACE-independent Ang II formation, one should choose species and/or organs that have Ang II-forming pathways similar to those in humans.
The Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of the Relax Architectural Framework (2010)

As transistor technology scales ever further, hardware reliability is becoming harder to manage. The effects of soft errors, variability, wear-out, and yield are intensifying to the point where it becomes difficult to harness the benefits of deeper scaling without mechanisms for hardware fault detection and correction. We observe that the combination of emerging applications and emerging many-core architectures makes software recovery a viable and interesting alternative to traditional, hardware-based fault recovery. Emerging applications tend to have few I/O and memory side-effects, which limits the amount of information that needs checkpointing, and they allow discarding individual sub-computations with typically minimal qualitative impact. Software recovery can harness these properties in ways that hardware recovery cannot. Additionally, emerging many-core architectures comprised of many simple, in-order cores pay heavily in terms of power and area for hardware checkpointing resources. Software recovery can be more efficient while it simultaneously simplifies hardware design complexity. \n\nIn this paper, we describe Relax, an architectural framework for software recovery of hardware faults. We describe Relax's language, compiler, ISA, and hardware support, develop analytical models to project performance, and evaluate an implementation of the framework on the compute kernels of seven emerging applications. Applying Relax to counter the effects of process variation, we find that Relax can enable a 20% energy efficiency improvement for more than 80% of an application's execution with only minimal source code changes.
C<sub>60</sub>/Collapsed Carbon Nanotube Hybrids: A Variant of Peapods (2015)

We examine a variant of so-called carbon nanotube peapods by packing C60 molecules inside the open edge ducts of collapsed carbon nanotubes. C60 insertion is accomplished through a facile single-step solution-based process. Theoretical modeling is used to evaluate favorable low-energy structural configurations. Overfilling of the collapsed tubes allows infiltration of C60 over the full cross-section of the tubes and consequent partial or complete reinflation, yielding few-wall, large diameter cylindrical nanotubes packed with crystalline C60 solid cores.
A 2.29 Gbits/sec, 56 mW non-pipelined Rijndael AES encryption IC in a 1.8 V, 0.18 μm CMOS technology (2003)

In October 2000 the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) chose the Rijndael algorithm as the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). In this paper we present an ASIC implementation of the Rijndael core. The core includes a non-pipelined encryption datapath with an on-the-fly key schedule data path. At a nominal 1.8 V, the IC runs at 125 MHz resulting in a throughput of 2.29 Gbit/s while consuming 56 mW. At 1.95 V, the chip can operate up to 154 MHz with an equivalent throughput of 2.8 Gbit/s and consumes 82 mW.
Local wettability modification by thermochemical nanolithography with write-read-overwrite capability (2007)

The wettability of a thin polymer film was modified twice by thermochemical nanolithography. By means of a first local chemical modification induced by an atomic force microscope tip heated to 110±20°C, hydrophilic patterns are written over an originally hydrophobic polymer surface. By further heating to 190±20°C, a second chemical modification reverses the local wettability change introduced by the first chemical modification. This write-read-overwrite capability can be particularly useful in the design of complex nanofluidic devices.
Degradation of human complement component C4b in the presence of the C4b-binding protein-protein S complex (1983)

Vitamin K-dependent protein S and the higher-molecular-weight form of C4b-binding protein (C4bp-high) interact, forming a 1:1 complex with a KD of approx. 1 X 10(-7) M [Dahlbäck (1983) Biochem. J. 209, 847-856]. In the present study the effect of protein S on the degradation of C4b by Factor I (C3b inactivator) and C4bp was investigated both in fluid phase and on cell surfaces, with the use of highly purified components. Fluid-phase degradation of C4b was monitored on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis, and the effect on surface-bound C4b was estimated by haemolytic assay. No effect of protein S could be demonstrated in any of the systems used. Thus, although bound to C4bp, protein S is neither involved in, nor does it affect, the interaction between C4bp and C4b. This indicates that the binding sites on the C4bp molecule for protein S and for C4b are independent and different.
Cryptographic Schemes Based on the ASASA Structure: Black-box, White-box, and Public-key (2014)

Abstract. In this paper we pick up an old challenge to design public key or white-box constructions from symmetric cipher components. We design several encryption schemes based on the ASASA structure ranging from fast and generic symmetric ciphers to compact public key and white-box constructions based on generic affine transformations combined with specially designed low degree non-linear layers. While explaining our design process we show several instructive attacks on the weaker variants of our schemes.
[Effects of different tillage methods and straw-returning on soil organic carbon content in a winter wheat field]. (2010)

A two growth seasons experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage methods, straw-returning, and their interaction on the dynamic change of organic carbon content in 0-20 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of winter wheat. An obvious change was observed in the soil organic carbon content. Treatments with straw-returning had higher soil organic carbon content than treatments with no straw-returning, and conservation tillage induced higher soil organic carbon content than conventional tillage. In all treatments except conventional tillage, the organic carbon content in 0-10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 10-20 cm soil layer. In treatments with straw-returning, the organic carbon content in 0-10 cm soil layer decreased in order of deep soiling (PS) > rotary tillage (PR) > no tillage (PZ) > normal ploughing (PH) > conventional tillage (PC), while that in 10-20 cm soil layer was PC > PS > PR > PH > PZ, suggesting that conservation tillage could improve the organic carbon content in 0-10 cm soil layer. Multi factor variance analysis showed that tillage method, straw-returning, and their interaction had significant effects on the organic carbon content in 0-20 cm soil layer at various growth stages of winter wheat.
Fungicidal effect of diode laser irradiation in patients with denture stomatitis (2004)

Light from a low-power laser (LLLT) may be valuable in the treatment of DS. This is of great importance since the rate of recurrence of disease is high, whereas an optimal treatment modality has not yet been found.
Regioselective synthesis of substituted rubrenes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective synthesis of substituted rubrenesJeffrey A. Dodge, J. D. Bain, and A. Richard ChamberlinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 13, 4190–4198Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00300a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1865Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts