gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Communication-efficient Certificate Revocation Management for Advanced Metering Infrastructure. (2019)

Advanced Metering Infrastructure forms a communication network for the collection of power data from smart meters in Smart Grid. As the communication between smart meters could be secured utilizing public-key cryptography, however, public-key cryptography still has certain challenges in terms of certificate revocation and management particularly related distribution and storage overhead of revoked certificates. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a novel revocation management approach by utilizing cryptographic accumulators which reduces the space requirements for revocation information significantly and thus enables efficient distribution of such information to all smart meters. We implemented the proposed approach on both ns-3 network simulator and a testbed. We demonstrated its superior performance with respect to traditional methods for revocation management.
Standardization of Radiological Evaluation of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI: Application in Breast Cancer Diagnosis (2013)

Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI is applied as an adjuvant tool for breast cancer detection, diagnosis, and follow-up of therapy. Despite improvements through the years in achieving higher spatial and temporal resolution, it still suffers from lack of scanning and processing standardization, and consequently, high variability in the radiological evaluation, particularly differentiating malignant from benign lesions. We describe here a hybrid method for achieving standardization of the radiological evaluation of breast dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, based on integrating the model based three time point (3TP) method with principal component analysis (PCA). The scanning and image processing procedures consisted of three main steps: 1. 3TP standardization of the MRI acquisition parameters according to a kinetic model, 2. Applying PCA to test cases and constructing an eigenvectors' base related to the contrast-enhancement kinetics and 3. Projecting all new cases on the eigenvectors' base and evaluating the clinical outcome. Datasets of overall 96 malignant and 26 benign breast lesions were recorded on 1.5T and 3T scanners, using three different MRI acquisition parameters optimized by the 3TP method. The final radiological evaluation showed similar detection and diagnostic ability for the three different MRI acquisition parameters. The area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded a value of 0.88 ± 0.034 for differentiating malignant from benign lesions. This 3TP+PCA hybrid method is fast and can be readily applied as a computer aided diagnostic tool of breast cancer. The underlying principles of this method can be extended to standardize the evaluation of malignancies in other organs.
Analytic generation of synthesis units by closed loop training for totally speaker driven text to speech system (TOS drive TTS) (1998)

This paper provides a new method for automatically generating speech synthesis units. The algorithm, called Closed-Loop Training (CLT), is based on evaluating and reducing the distortion in synthesized speech. It minimizes distortion caused by synthesis process such as prosodic modification in an analytic way. The distortion is measured by calculating the error between synthesized speech units and natural speech units in a large speech database (corpus). The CLT method effectively generates the synthesis units that are most resembling of natural speech after synthesis process. In this paper, CLT is applied to a waveform concatenation based synthesizer, whose basic unit is a diphone. By using CLT, the synthesizer generates clear and smooth synthetic speech even with a relatively small volume of synthesis units.
A Fast Dynamic Range Compression With Local Contrast Preservation Algorithm and Its Application to Real-Time Video Enhancement (2012)

This study addresses low dynamic range (LDR) image/video enhancement for digital video cameras. A new fast dynamic range compression format with a local-contrast-preservation (FDRCLCP) algorithm resolves this problem efficiently. The proposed FDRCLCP algorithm can combine with any continuously differentiable intensity transfer function to achieve LDR image enhancement. In combination with the FDRCLCP algorithm, a new intensity-transfer function is proposed, adaptively accomplishing dynamic range compression and edge-contrast enhancement depending on the local mean value of the input luminance image. The proposed method also extends to a linear color remapping approach, not only preserving the original image's color information, but also controlling color saturation of the resulting image. Moreover, a look-up-table (LUT) acceleration approach improves the processing speed of the proposed FDRCLCP algorithm in processing video signals, allowing real-time video enhancement processing. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only provides good visual representation in both quantitative and visual comparisons, but also achieves real-time performance for video processing.
The electronic structure and lithiation of electrodes based on vanadium–oxide nanotubes (2003)

The effect of lithium insertion (lithiation) in electrodes of vanadium oxide nanotubes has been studied using resonant soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy (RSXES) and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (SXAS). Spectra at the V L edges were recorded ex-situ on a series of cycled electrodes that had been discharged to different potentials (3.0, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 V). Different chemical states upon discharge effectively correspond to different doping levels: the lower the cell potential, the higher the lithiation. The RSXES and SXAS spectra reflect the occupied and unoccupied electronic states, respectively. Spectral changes are observed as a function of the reduction process of vanadium by the electrochemical process. Lithiation induces a gradual enhancement of features attributed to occupied V 3d states in the RSXES spectra, indicating that the intercalated charges occupy bands of V 3d. Both SXAS and RSXES results suggest a partial reduction to V3+ at potentials below 2.0 V and the presence of a mixture of three different oxidation states. RSXES spectra also reveal the low energy-loss feature of 1 eV, suggesting strong correlation of the V 3d orbitals.
Enhanced proteasomal degradation of mutant human thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) in mammalian cells (1999)

Inheritance of the TPMT*2, TPMT*3A and TPMT*3C mutant alleles is associated with deficiency of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity in humans. However, unlike TPMT*2 and TPMT*3A, the catalytically active protein coded by TPMT*3C does not undergo enhanced proteolysis when heterologously expressed in yeast, making it unclear why this common mutant allele should be associated with inheritance of TPMT-deficiency. To further elucidate the mechanism for TPMT deficiency associated with these alleles, we characterized TPMT proteolysis following heterologous expression of wild-type and mutant proteins in mammalian cells. When expressed in COS-1 cells, proteins encoded by TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, and TPMT*3C cDNAs had significantly reduced steady-state levels and shorter degradation half-lives compared with the wild-type protein. Similarly, in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL), these mutant TPMT proteins were degraded significantly faster than the wild-type protein. Thus, enhanced proteolysis of TPMT*3C protein in mammalian cells is in contrast to its stability in yeast, but consistent with TPMT-deficiency in humans. Proteolysis was ATP-dependent and sensitive to proteasomal inhibitors MG115, MG132 and lactacystin, but not to calpain inhibitor II. We conclude that all of these mutant TPMT proteins undergo enhanced proteolysis in mammalian cells, through an ATP-dependent proteasomal pathway, leading to low or undetectable levels of TPMT protein in humans who inherit these mutant alleles.
Demonstration of a Cognitive Radio Front End Using an Optically Pumped Reconfigurable Antenna System (OPRAS) (2011)

A cognitive radio front end using an optically pumped reconfigurable antenna system (OPRAS) is investigated. The scheme consists of a ultrawideband antenna and a reconfigurable narrowband antenna in close proximity to one another. The narrowband reconfigurability is achieved by a integrating laser diodes within the antenna structure to control the switching state of photoconductive silicon switches. This scheme has the advantage of eliminating the use of optical fiber cables to guide light to the switches, and enables easier integration of the reconfigurable antenna in a complete communication system. The performance of the proposed technique is presented, and comparisons are made to other commonly used switching techniques for reconfigurable antennas, such as techniques based on PIN diodes and RF microlectromechanical systems integration. The application of this antenna design scheme serving as the receive channel in a cognitive radio communication link is also demonstrated.
Highly reliable non-conductive adhesives for flip chip CSP applications (2003)

Non-conductive adhesives (NCA), widely used in display packaging and fine pitch flip chip packaging technology, have been recommended as one of the most suitable interconnection materials for flip-chip chip size packages (CSPs) due to the advantages such as easier processing, good electrical performance, lower cost, and low temperature processing. Flip chip assembly using modified NCA materials with material property optimization such as CTEs and modulus by loading optimized content of nonconductive fillers for the good electrical, mechanical and reliability characteristics, can enable wide application of NCA materials for fine pitch first level interconnection in the flip chip CSP applications. In this paper, we have developed film type NCA materials for flip chip assembly on organic substrates. NCAs are generally mixture of epoxy polymer resin without any fillers, and have high CTE values un-like conventional underfill materials used to enhance thermal cycling reliability of solder flip chip assembly on organic boards. In order to reduce thermal and mechanical stress and strain induced by CTE mismatch between a chip and organic substrate, the CTE of NCAs was optimized by filler content. The flip chip CSP assembly using modified NCA showed high reliability in various environmental tests, such as thermal cycling test (-55/spl deg/C/+160/spl deg/C, 1000 cycle), high temperature humidity test (85/spl deg/C/85%RH, 1000 h) and high temperature storage test (125/spl deg/C, dry condition). The material properties of NCA such as the curing profile, the thermal expansion, the storage modulus and adhesion were also investigated as a function of filler content.
Cross-Clade p17 Peptide Recognition by Antisera to HGP-30, a 30-Amino Acid Synthetic Peptide Antigen from HIV Type 1 p17 (1998)

HGP-30, a 30-amino acid synthetic peptide analog of HIV-1SF2 p17 (aa 86-115), was used to immunize both mice and humans. Since the amino acid sequence of HGP-30 is relatively conserved among different HIV-1 strains and clades, experiments were carried out to determine if antisera obtained by immunizing animals and humans can recognize HGP-30-related peptide consensus sequences belonging to different clades. Results show that antisera from mice immunized with HGP-30 can recognize clade B and C and to a lesser degree clade A and E consensus sequences of HIV-1, in addition to recognizing HGP-30 sequence. The cross-clade recognition was higher in mouse sera obtained on day 42 than on day 14 or 28. MPL/SE and Novasomes were better adjuvants than alum in inducing antibodies that showed cross-clade recognition and IgG2a and IgG2b antibody isotypes. Similar cross-clade recognition was observed in several sera from humans immunized with an HGP-30/KLH/alum formulation. The human sera from HGP-30-immunized subjects evaluated for cross-clade recognition of HGP-30 peptides were from subjects whose cells showed significant protection from HIV infection on virus challenge in the hu-PBL-SCID mouse model. These studies suggest that HGP-30 may be useful as a candidate vaccine antigen for populations in countries with prevalence of different HIV clades.
Red-Eyes Removal through Cluster-Based Boosting on Gray Codes (2010)

Since the large diffusion of digital camera and mobile devices with embedded camera and flashgun, the redeyes artifacts have de facto become a critical problem. The technique herein described makes use of three main steps to identify and remove red eyes. First, red-eye candidates are extracted from the input image by using an image filtering pipeline. A set of classifiers is then learned on gray code features extracted in the clustered patches space and hence employed to distinguish between eyes and non-eyes patches. Specifically, for each cluster the gray code of the red-eyes candidate is computed and some discriminative gray code bits are selected employing a boosting approach. The selected gray code bits are used during the classification to discriminate between eye versus non-eye patches. Once red-eyes are detected, artifacts are removed through desaturation and brightness reduction. Experimental results on a large dataset of images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed pipeline that outperforms other existing solutions in terms of hit rates maximization, false positives reduction, and quality measure.
Summary of an International Workshop on Hepatitis B Vaccines (1979)

Journal Article Summary of an International Workshop on Hepatitis B Vaccines Get access Robert J. Gerety, Robert J. Gerety Bureau of Biologics Food and Drug AdministrationBethesda, Maryland Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Robert J. Gerety, Hepatitis Branch, Bureau of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Building 29, Room 311, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20205. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward Tabor, Edward Tabor Bureau of Biologics Food and Drug AdministrationBethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert H. Purcell, Robert H. Purcell National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franklin J. Tyeryar Franklin J. Tyeryar National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 140, Issue 4, October 1979, Pages 642–648, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/140.4.642 Published: 01 October 1979
Direct analysis of filter paper blood specimens for identification of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1997)

In this study, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to distinguish between blood of normal infants and that of individuals with Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome. SLO syndrome results in an abnormally low concentration of blood cholesterol and an elevated concentration of 7-dehydrocholesterol. Blood was spotted on filter paper and analyzed directly with no extractions or separations. Results showed that using ratios of fragment ions for cholesterol/dehydrocholesterol, patients with SLO and normal individuals could be unambiguously distinguished. Unknown samples from 28 individuals were obtained and identified correctly.
A study of the electro‐optic shielding effect in II/VI semiconductors (2004)

In this paper the effect of working temperature on the low frequency electro-optic characteristics of some II/VI crystals is studied. It is found that, by heating the modulators above 100 °C, it is possible to overcome the so called field shielding effect, i.e. the strong shielding of the externally applied electric field caused by a local field produced by photo-generated carriers. The presented measurements also show that previously suggested models for the mechanism responsible for the field effect are not valid. A new explanative model is proposed. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High temperature piezoelectric drill (2012)

Venus is one of the planets in the solar systems that are considered for potential future exploration missions. It has extreme environment where the average temperature is 460°C and its ambient pressure is about 90 atm. Since the existing actuation technology cannot maintain functionality under the harsh conditions of Venus, it is a challenge to perform sampling and other tasks that require the use of moving parts. Specifically, the currently available electromagnetic actuators are limited in their ability to produce sufficiently high stroke, torque, or force. In contrast, advances in developing electro-mechanical materials (such as piezoelectric and electrostrictive) have enabled potential actuation capabilities that can be used to support such missions. Taking advantage of these materials, we developed a piezoelectric actuated drill that operates at the temperature range up to 500°C and the mechanism is based on the Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) configuration. The detailed results of our study are presented in this paper.
PN code acquisition with adaptive antenna array and adaptive threshold for DS-CDMA wireless communications (2002)

An efficient PN code acquisition scheme with an adaptive antenna array and adaptive threshold is proposed. The basic structure is the combination of a conventional PN correlation searcher, an adaptive beamformer and an adaptive threshold setting circuit. The proposed scheme employs all the array element outputs in the PN correlation searcher and also uses an adaptive threshold for each PN code phase hypothesis testing by estimating the instantaneous power prior to PN code despreading. The performance of the proposed scheme is theoretically analyzed and also simulated in terms of the false alarm probability P/sub f/, detection probability P/sub d/ and average acquisition time T/sub acq/ under a Rayleigh mobile fading environment. Theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust against received signal power variations and can significantly improve the PN code acquisition performance.
Robust anatomy detection from CT topograms (2009)

We present an automatic method to quickly and accurately detect multiple anatomy region-of-interests (ROIs) from CT topogram images. Our method first detects a redundant and potentially erroneous set of local features. Their spatial configurations are captured by a set of local voting functions. Unlike all the existing methods where the idea was to try to "hit" the correct/best constellations of local features, we have taken an opposite approach. We try to peel away the bad features until a safe (i.e., conservatively small) number of features remain. It is deterministic in nature and guarantees a success even for extremely noisy cases. The advantages of the method are its robustness and computational efficiency. Our method also addresses the potential scenario in which outliers (i.e., false landmarks detections) forms plausible configurations. As long as such outliers are a minority, the method can successfully remove these outliers. The final ROI of the anatomy is computed from a best subset of the remaining local features. Experimental validation was carried out for multiple organs detection from a large collection of CT topogram images. Fast and highly robust performance was observed. In the testing data sets, the detection rate varies from 98.2% to 100% for different ROIs and the false detection rate is from 0.0% to 0.5% for different ROIs. The method is fast and accurate enough to be seamlessly integrated into a real-time work flow on the CT machine to improve efficiency, consistency, and repeatability.
A Recombinant Baculovirus Efficiently Generates Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors in Cultured Insect Cells and Larvae (2018)

Current large-scale recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) production systems based on the baculovirus expression vector (BEV) remain complicated and cost-intensive, and they lack versatility and flexibility. Here we present a novel recombinant baculovirus integrated with all packaging elements for the production of rAAV. To optimize BEV construction, ribosome leaky-scanning mechanism was used to express AAV Rep and Cap proteins downstream of the PH and P10 promoters in the pFast.Bac.Dual vector, respectively, and the rAAV genome was inserted between the two promoters. The yields of rAAV2, rAAV8, and rAAV9 derived from the BEV-infected Sf9 cells exceeded 10<sup>5</sup> vector genomes (VG) per cell. The BEV was shown to be stable and showed no apparent decrease of rAAV yield after at least four serial passages. The rAAVs derived from the new Bac system displayed high-quality and high-transduction activity. Additionally, rAAV2 could be efficiently generated from BEV-infected beet armyworm larvae at a per-larvae yield of 2.75 ± 1.66 × 10<sup>10</sup> VG. The rAAV2 derived from larvae showed a structure similar to the rAAV2 derived from HEK293 cells, and it also displayed high-transduction activity. In summary, the novel BEV is ideally suitable for large-scale rAAV production. Further, this study exploits a potential cost-efficient platform for rAAV production in insect larvae.
Design of polarization-independent optical isolator with amorphous silicon waveguide (2014)

A polarization-independent optical isolator with amorphous silicon waveguide is proposed and designed. The amorphous silicon waveguide is formed along the lateral wall of magneto-optic garnet to provide nonreciprocal phase shifts for TE and TM modes.
Control of untethered magnetically actuated tools with localization uncertainty using a rotating permanent magnet (2012)

Magnetically actuated tools (MATs) that utilize rotating magnetic fields for propulsion, such as active capsule endoscopes and magnetic microrobots, have typically been controlled using either arrangements of electromagnets or permanent-magnet systems operated in limited configurations. It was recently shown that a rotating magnetic field for MAT actuation can be generated using a single rotating permanent magnet (RPM) from any position in space with a unique axis of rotation. The method has potential benefits for clinical systems, but it requires knowledge of the MAT position with respect to the RPM. In any application, MAT localization will be subject to uncertainty caused by sensor noise, slow update rates, and/or localization failure. In this paper, we develop and experimentally verify worst-case bounds on properties of the rotating dipole field, given a worst-case bound on localization error, which can be used to design operating procedures that mitigate undesired MAT behavior in the presence of known localization uncertainty. The results are important for the robust operation of rotating MATs actuated using a single rotating permanent magnet in a clinical setting.
Memristor‐Based Analog Computation and Neural Network Classification with a Dot Product Engine (2018)

Using memristor crossbar arrays to accelerate computations is a promising approach to efficiently implement algorithms in deep neural networks. Early demonstrations, however, are limited to simulations or small-scale problems primarily due to materials and device challenges that limit the size of the memristor crossbar arrays that can be reliably programmed to stable and analog values, which is the focus of the current work. High-precision analog tuning and control of memristor cells across a 128 × 64 array is demonstrated, and the resulting vector matrix multiplication (VMM) computing precision is evaluated. Single-layer neural network inference is performed in these arrays, and the performance compared to a digital approach is assessed. Memristor computing system used here reaches a VMM accuracy equivalent of 6 bits, and an 89.9% recognition accuracy is achieved for the 10k MNIST handwritten digit test set. Forecasts show that with integrated (on chip) and scaled memristors, a computational efficiency greater than 100 trillion operations per second per Watt is possible.