gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Body fat range setting in computed tomography image (2003)

We suggest an automatic fat range setting method in computed tomography (CT) images for body fat measurement. We fitted the histograms of Hounsfield unit (HU) values at subcutaneous and abdominal regions in CT images as gaussian functions providing the body fat range as a function of its width and position. Since this method gives different body fat range according to the measured persons and regions, it reflects their characteristic very well.
Samples above the median: a nonparametric method for intracardiac signal assessment (2002)

In this investigation, a nonparametric (distribution-free) detection scheme, Samples Above the Median (SAM), is devised as an arrhythmia discriminant for implantable cardioverter defibrillators which is highly sensitive and specific yet introduces no appreciable computational demand. No widely accepted probability density function (p.d.f.) for intracardiac electrogram signals has been determined. A nonparametric method does not utilize the p.d.f. SAM was tested on 30 patients each with documented episodes of normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and ventricular tachycardia (VT). SAM achieved an electrogram specificity of 0.992 (476/480) and an electrogram sensitivity of 0.981 (471/480). SAM achieved an arrhythmia sensitivity and specificity of 1 using a 12 of 16 (75%) electrograms per arrhythmia criterion.
Anti-cotinine CAR-modified T cells provides a novel switchable CAR platform using cotinine-conjugated adaptor molecules (2017)

Abstract T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T cells) have been reported to provide potent anti-tumor effects in various preclinical experimental settings. Subsequently, CAR T cells against some hematologic malignancies showed favorable results in early clinical trials. However, there are various obstacles to overcome in generalizing this CAR T platform. Usually CAR T cells can target only a single tumor antigen although generation of CAR T cells takes considerable labor and expenses. Also, excessive activation of CAR T cells often leads to adverse side effects that need to be controlled. Switchable CAR T platforms using anti-hapten CAR T cells and hapten-conjugated adaptor antibodies was proposed as a novel way to target multiple antigens using single CAR T cells. Also, removal of hapten-conjugated adaptor antibodies can limit adverse side effect caused by CAR T cell recognition of the antigen. Here, we report a novel switchable CAR T platform using a chemical hapten, cotinine. Anti-cotinine CAR T cells generated using anti-cotinine single chain Fv recognized cotinine-conjugated adaptor molecules such as aptamers and antibodies. Especially, anti-cotinine CAR T cells complexed with cotinine-conjugated antibodies could recognize tumor antigens on the surface of tumor cells, which led to activation of CAR T cells and resulting cytotoxicity on tumor cells. Thus, we propose that anti-cotinine CAR T platform may provide useful tools for a novel multi-targeting CAR T therapy.
Wavefront-guided Laser in situ Keratomileusis: Early Results in Three Eyes (2000)

Wavefront-guided LASIK is a feasible approach in refractive corneal surgery. Optimized ablation patterns may further improve the visual results.
Properties of Cr3+ in new fluoride host crystals (1989)

We recently discovered a new class of Cr3+ solid-state laser based on the fluoride host materials having the colquiriite structure LiCaAlF6 (Li- CAF)1 and LiSrAIF6 (LiSAF). We found that these materials exhibit efficient laser performance, as determined with a Kr laser-pumped experimental configuration. By taking the passive losses of the laser crystals into account, we find that the extrapolated slope efficiencies of Cr:LiCAF and Cr:LiSAF are 67 and 53%, respectively, while the quantum defect-limited efficiency is 80%. On the other hand, most other Cr lasers typically have efficiencies that are <30%.2 The question arises as to what favorable properties of these hosts are responsible for the efficient laser performance of Cr:LiCAF and Cr:LiSAF.
Self-organised nano-arrays of p-phosphonic acid functionalised higher order calixarenes (2008)

Water-soluble p-phosphonic acid calix[n]arenes (n = 5, 6 or 8) have been synthesized in five steps in overall 68, 66, 67% yield, respectively, by the recently developed procedure for p-phosphonic acid calix[4]arene. The hydrogen bonding prowess of the phosphonic acids dominates their self assembly into nano-arrays in both solution and the gas phase. In DMSO, nano-arrays of p-phosphonic acid calix[6]arene are stable for over 24 h, with the solvent molecules slowly disrupting the hydrogen bonded network affording solvated monomeric units. In the gas phase, nano-arrays of around 20 calixarene units were observed for the p-phosphonic acid calix[n]arenes using MALDI-TOF-MS, and ESI-MS revealed the presence of heteroleptic nano-arrays for a 1 : 1 mixture of p-phosphonic acid calix[4,5]arenes.
Holographic recording on poly(vinylcarbazole) (1990)

Abstract A reflection type volume‐phase hologram was recorded on poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVCz) in the presence of CI 4 . The grating with a half‐height width of 19nm was made with an argon ion laser at 488nm or 514. 5nm. The sections of PVCz and a dichromated gelatin (DCG) hologram, responsible for the diffraction efficiency, were observed by scanning electron micrography (SEM) and transmission electron micrography (TEM). Those micrographs showed that the amplitude of the index modulation in the hologram is formed bý voids. The diffraction efficiency was simulated with the parameters observed by TEM and showed that a thin PVCz hologram film attains the same diffraction efficiency as the thick DCG sample, because of the large refractive index of PVCz.
Nonlinear Equalization for TDMR Channels Using Neural Networks (2020)

This paper presents new structure and adaptation criterion for equalization of two-dimensional magnetic recording channels, as opposed to typical linear equalizer with minimum mean square error (MMSE) as adaptation criterion. To compensate for the nonlinear channel noise, we propose a neural network based nonlinear equalizer and show it outperforms linear equalizer under the same criterion. To achieve minimum bit error rate (BER) at the detector output, we propose to adapt the equalizer with cross entropy between the true probability of the bit and detector's estimate of it. We show minimizing the cross entropy enables maximum likelihood adaptation, and results in lower detector BER than the MSE criterion. Several variations of nonlinear equalizer structures with cross entropy criterion are investigated. Compared to linear MMSE equalizer, the proposed scheme can provide up to 22.76% detector BER reduction with only 6× increase in complexity.
Doubling the Sensitivity of Multiphoton Frequency-Domain Fluorescence Lifetime Images (2017)

We demonstrate super-sensitive multiphoton frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime images using the recently developed DC&1ω method by showing a two-fold improvement in imaging sensitivity compared to the conventional 1ω phase fluorometry.
The first total synthesis of carminic acid (1991)

The first synthesis of carminic acid (7β-D-glucopyranosyl-1-methyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid), was accomplished by direct C-glucosylation of ethyl 3,5,8,9,10-pentamethoxy-1-methylanthracene-2-carboxylate, here synthesized, which affords ethyl 7-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,5,8,9,10-pentamethoxy-1-methylanthracene-2-carboxylate and carminic acid by regeneration of the masked functionalities.
Performance of a Novel Combined Cooling and Power Gas Turbine With Water Harvesting (2004)

A thermodynamic performance analysis is performed on a novel cooling and power cycle that combines a semi-closed cycle gas turbine called the High Pressure Regenerative Turbine Engine (HPRTE) with an absorption refrigeration unit. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration unit, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration, in an amount which depends on ambient conditions. The cycle is modeled using traditional one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with state-of-the-art polytropic efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbo-machinery and heat exchangers, and accurate y correlations for the properties of the LiBr-water mixture and the combustion products. Water produced as a product of combustion is intentionally condensed in the evaporator of the vapor absorption refrigeration system. The mixture properties of air account for the water removal rate. The vapor absorption refrigeration unit is designed to provide sufficient cooling for water extraction. The cycle is shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 58% for a turbine inlet temperature of 1400 °C in addition to producing about 0.45 liters of water per liter of fuel consumed. Also at the above operating condition the ratio of the refrigeration effect to the net work output from the system is equal to 0.8. The ratio of mass of water extracted to the mass of fresh air inlet into the combined cycle is obtained for different values of cycle parameters, namely turbine inlet temperature, recuperator inlet temperature and the low pressure compressor ratio. The maximum value of this ratio is found to be around 0.11. It is found that it is a strong function of the recirculation ratio and it decreased by 22% as the recirculation ratio is decreased by 70%. The thermodynamic impacts of water extraction on the system performance are also discussed. Based on these results, and prior results, which showed that the HPRTE is very compact, it appears that this cycle would be ideally suited for distributed power and vehicle applications, especially ones with associated air conditioning loads.
Quantum Cascade Lasers without Intersubband Population Inversion (1996)

The fundamental limits of the operation of quantum cascade intersubband lasers are investigated. Band nonparabolicities combined with the nonthermal electron distribution in the active region make laser action possible even in the absence of global $k$-space population inversion between subbands, i.e., when the lifetime of the lower subband exceeds that of the upper one. A laser based on local $k$-space population inversion with single-quantum-well active regions is demonstrated and its performance compared to that of quantum cascade lasers with double-quantum-well active regions.
Increase of antioxidant capacity of the lowbush blueberry (<i>Vaccinium angustifolium</i>) during fermentation by a novel bacterium from the fruit microflora (2005)

Abstract Members of the genus Vaccinium , such as blueberry and cranberry, are known to be excellent sources of antioxidant phenolic compounds, for example anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids. The fruit also provides a natural habitat for numerous microorganisms. Interaction between the fruit and the microflora might affect the antioxidant phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wild blueberry fermented by a newly identified bacterium isolated from blueberry‐fruit surface microflora, Serratia vaccinii . Increase in the antioxidant capacity following fermentation of blueberries by the novel bacterium, as determined with the 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl method, was attributed not only to an increase in total phenolics, but also to a change in the phenolic profile, as demonstrated by the production of gallic acid and of a novel compound of phenolic or phenylpropanoic structure. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Revisiting the Challenges and Opportunities in Software Plagiarism Detection (2020)

Software plagiarism seriously impedes the healthy development of open source software. To fight against code obfuscation and inherent non-determinism of thread scheduling applied against software plagiarism detection, we proposed a new dynamic birthmark called DYnamic Key Instruction Sequence (DYKIS) and a framework called Thread-oblivious dynamic Birthmark (TOB) for the purpose of reviving the existing birthmarks and a thread-aware dynamic birthmark called Thread-related System call Birthmark (TreSB). Though many approaches have been proposed for software plagiarism detection, they are still limited to satisfy the following highly desired requirements: the applicability to handle binary, the capability to detect partial plagiarism, the resiliency to code obfuscation, the interpretability on detection results, and the scalability to process large-scale software. In this position paper, we discuss and outline the research opportunities and challenges in the field of software plagiarism detection in order to stimulate brilliant innovations and direct our future research efforts.
Simultaneous Administration of Two Human-Rhesus Rotavirus Reassortant Strains of VP7 Serotype 1 and 2 Specificity to Infants and Young Children (1991)

Two rotavirus vaccine strains representing VP7 serotypes 1 and 2 derived by reassortment between a rhesus rotavirus master strain, MMU18006, and either of two human rotavirus strains were administered simultaneously to infants and young children to assess potential interactions between strains. Children were observed in a day care setting for 10 days after vaccine administration for clinical symptoms, evidence of vaccine transmission, and patterns of viral shedding. Serum and local antibody responses were measured. The ratio of input virus strongly influenced the amount of each strain recovered from the child. Regardless of dose of virus administered, the neutralizing antibody response to the VP7 glycoprotein, the serotype determinant, was diminished in a bivalent preparation compared with a monovalent vaccine. Additional strategies must be sought to induce immunity against the multiple serotypes of human rotavirus before broad immunity will be established.
Nonscan design-for-testability techniques using RT-level design information (1997)

This paper presents nonscan design-for-testability (DFT) techniques applicable to register-transfer (RT)-level data path circuits. Knowledge of high-level design information, in the form of the RT-level structure, as well as the functions of the RT-level components is utilized to develop effective nonscan DFT techniques. Instead of conventional techniques of selecting flip-flops (FF's) to make systems controllable/observable, execution units (EXU's) are selected using the EXU S-graph introduced in this paper. Controllability/observability points can be implemented using register files and constants. We introduce the notion of k-level controllable and observable loops and demonstrate that it suffices to make all the loops k-level controllable/observable, k>0, to achieve very high test efficiency. The new testability measure eliminates the need by traditional DFT techniques to make all loops directly (zero-level) controllable/observable, reducing significantly the hardware overhead required and making the nonscan DFT approach feasible and effective. We discuss ways of avoiding the formation of reconvergent regions while adding test points to make loops k-level controllable/observable. We introduce dual points, which utilize the different controllability/observability levels of loops, to make one loop controllable while making another loop observable. We present efficient algorithms to add the minimal hardware possible to make all loops in the data path k-level controllable/observable, without the use of scan FF's. The nonscan DFT techniques were applied to several data path circuits. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the k-level testability measure, and the use of distributed and dual points, to generate easily testable data paths with reduced hardware overhead. The hardware overhead and the test application time required for the nonscan designs are significantly lower than for the partial scan designs. Most significantly, the experimental results demonstrate the ability of the RT-level DFT techniques to produce nonscan testable data paths, which can be tested at-speed.
Predicting Voltage Droops Using Recurring Program and Microarchitectural Event Activity (2010)

Shrinking feature size and diminishing supply voltage are making circuits more sensitive to supply voltage fluctuations within a microprocessor. If left unattended, voltage fluctuations can lead to timing violations or even transistor lifetime issues. A mechanism that dynamically learns to predict dangerous voltage fluctuations based on program and microarchitectural events can help steer the processor clear of danger.
Overbased nonionic plus high molecular weight sulfonate waterflood additive and process of using same (1975)

An overbased waterflood additive consisting of a water-soluble nonionic surfactant (such as an ethoxylated alkanol) plus a water-insoluble high molecular weight hydrocarbon sulfonate having an equivalent weight of about 400 to about 600 plus an overbasing amount of a base component such as an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or an alkali metal carbonate is prepared and is injected into a petroliferous formation to improve a waterflood process. Sufficient overbasing base component is employed such that the ratio: weight of excess base component/weight of sulfonate is about 0.03 to about 5.0
JEDI:<i>J</i>oint<i>E</i>stimation<i>D</i>iffusion<i>I</i>maging of macroscopic and microscopic tissue properties (2020)

The potential utility of this method is suggested by an initial demonstration of its ability to mitigate the problem of gyral bias. The capability of more completely characterizing the tissue structure and connectivity throughout the entire brain has broad implications for the utility and scope of dMRI in a wide range of research and clinical applications.
Negative sequence control of DFG based wind turbines (2011)

The paper deals with the control of negative sequence voltages and currents in wind turbine systems caused by grid fault or unsymmetrical system operation. The ensuing stator and rotor currents lead to additional thermal stress. Moreover, the interaction between the different sequence components of the current and voltage in the stator as well as rotor cause oscillating torque leading to mechanical strain on the drive-train. A control approach for limiting or eliminating the negative sequence current and the resulting alternating torque is discussed. This is followed by the description and derivation of the rotor side converter (RSC) for the positive as well as negative sequence current controllers. The procedure is repeated for the grid side converter (GSC), and the limitations imposed on the controllers by practical operational considerations are explained. On the basis of simulation examples using representative wind turbine system data, the effectiveness of the proposed control methods has been demonstrated.
Context sensitive stemming for web search (2007)

Traditionally, stemming has been applied to Information Retrieval tasks by transforming words in documents to the their root form before indexing, and applying a similar transformation to query terms. Although it increases recall, this naive strategy does not work well for Web Search since it lowers precision and requires a significant amount of additional computation.
Wavelet-based noise-model driven denoising algorithm for differential phase contrast mammography (2013)

Traditional mammography can be positively complemented by phase contrast and scattering x-ray imaging, because they can detect subtle differences in the electron density of a material and measure the local small-angle scattering power generated by the microscopic density fluctuations in the specimen, respectively. The grating-based x-ray interferometry technique can produce absorption, differential phase contrast (DPC) and scattering signals of the sample, in parallel, and works well with conventional X-ray sources; thus, it constitutes a promising method for more reliable breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Recently, our team proved that this novel technology can provide images superior to conventional mammography. This new technology was used to image whole native breast samples directly after mastectomy. The images acquired show high potential, but the noise level associated to the DPC and scattering signals is significant, so it is necessary to remove it in order to improve image quality and visualization. The noise models of the three signals have been investigated and the noise variance can be computed. In this work, a wavelet-based denoising algorithm using these noise models is proposed. It was evaluated with both simulated and experimental mammography data. The outcomes demonstrated that our method offers a good denoising quality, while simultaneously preserving the edges and important structural features. Therefore, it can help improve diagnosis and implement further post-processing techniques such as fusion of the three signals acquired.
Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Ceramic Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2014)

The benefits of porous ceramic scaffolds as supporting electrodes, particularly anodes, for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been previously demonstrated. The effects of electrode material and microstructure on the mechanical and electrical properties of these porous ceramic scaffolds are investigated in this study. Electrode strength is evaluated by three-point-bend tests and compared with four-point probe measurements of electrical conductivity to yield a greater understanding of the tradeoffs between materials, porosity, and performance of SOFC anodes consisting of porous gadolinia- doped ceria (GDC) or yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) infiltrated with Co, Cu, or Ni metal. We revealed that the initial strength and electrical conductivity of electrode components do not necessarily correlate to properties of the final electrode due to several physical effects.
A Robust LCMP Beamformer with Limited Snapshots (2020)

This paper deals with the problem of automatic diagonal loading for the linear constrained minimum power beamformer. To find the beamformer's weights, the linear constrained minimum power problem is reformulated into its generalized sidelobe canceller implementation, which is an unconstrained least-squares problem. To solve this problem, we utilize a bounded perturbation regularization approach where a perturbation matrix with a bounded norm is added to the linear transformation matrix of the least-squares problem in order to enhance the singular-value structure of the matrix. Compared to different diagonal loading methods, the proposed method shows superiority in performance when the number of snapshots is limited.
Disjunctive image computation for software verification (2007)

Existing BDD-based symbolic algorithms designed for hardware designs do not perform well on software programs. We propose novel techniques based on unique characteristics of software programs. Our algorithm divides an image computation step into a disjunctive set of easier ones that can be performed in isolation. We use hypergraph partitioning to minimize the number of live variables in each disjunctive component, and variable scopes to simplify transition relations and reachable state subsets. Our experiments on nontrivial C programs show that BDD-based symbolic algorithms can directly handle software models with a much larger number of state variables than for hardware designs.