gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperation-Aware Lane Change Control in Dense Traffic (2019)

This paper presents a real-time lane change control framework of autonomous driving in dense traffic, which exploits cooperative behaviors of human drivers. This paper especially focuses on heavy traffic where vehicles cannot change lane without cooperating with other drivers. In this case, classical robust controls may not apply since there is no safe area to merge to. That said, modeling complex and interactive human behaviors is non-trivial from the perspective of control engineers. We propose a mathematical control framework based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) encompassing a state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural network (RNN) architecture. In particular, RNN predicts interactive motions of human drivers in response to potential actions of the autonomous vehicle, which are then be systematically evaluated in safety constraints. We also propose a real-time heuristic algorithm to find locally optimal control inputs. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analysis on simulation studies are presented, showing a strong potential of the proposed framework.
Biomass‐degrading enzymes are catabolite repressed in anaerobic gut fungi (2018)

Anaerobic fungi are among the most active plant‐degrading microbes in nature. Increased insight into the mechanisms and environmental cues that regulate fungal hydrolysis would better inform bioprocessing strategies to depolymerize lignocellulose. Here, we compare the response of three strains of anaerobic fungi ( Piromyces finnis , Anaeromyces robustus , and Neocallimastix californiae ) to catabolite regulation by simple carbohydrates. Anaerobic fungi exhibited high enzymatic activity against crystalline cellulose, which was repressed upon incubation with free sugars. Cellulolytic degradation was also inhibited when fungi were exposed to sugars they did not metabolize, suggesting a general mode of catabolite repression. RNA‐Seq experiments in the presence of excess glucose confirmed repression of carbohydrate active enzymes during sugar uptake, and offer a path towards unmasking the function of co‐regulated genes that could be involved in biomass degradation. Overall, these results suggest that sugar‐rich hydrolysates tune the behavior of anaerobic fungi by dampening production of their biomass‐degrading enzymes. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 64: 4263–4270, 2018
Densely packed decimal encoding (2002)

Chen–Ho encoding is a lossless compression of three binary coded decimal digits into 10 bits using an algorithm which can be applied or reversed using only simple Boolean operations. An improvement tothe encoding which has the same advantages but is not limited to multiples of three digits is described. The new encoding allows arbitrary-length decimal numbers to be coded efficiently while keeping decimal digit boundaries accessible. This in turn permits efficient decimal arithmetic and makes the best use of available resources such as storage or hardware registers.
Reduction of the distortion due to non-ideal lens alignment in lenticular 3D displays (2005)

A lenticular display system provides 3D images to a viewer without wearing glasses. For <i>N</i>-view lenticular display, <i>N</i> view images are <i>N</i>:1 sub-sampled and multiplexed to generate a multi-view image, Then, the generated image is allocated to the LCD pixel array. Since the lenticular sheet may not be exquisitely placed on an LCD panel without alignment error, and the rays from a viewer’s eye to lenticules on the LCD panel are not parallel, any view image observed from a multi-view image inevitably produces undesirable distortion. In this paper, we propose a novel method to alleviate the display distortion of each view image in the lenticular display. In this method, we first derive the relationship between pixel values on the LCD pixel array and the image to be observed at each viewing zone in terms of hardware parameters and viewer’s eye position. Based on this relationship, we analyze the distortion between the observed and original view images. Finally, we derive the compensation algorithm to minimize the distortion and generate high quality a 3D image. To verify the proposed scheme, we examine the displayed results from several 3D images of synthetic and real scenes. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces distortions and improves the image quality in the lenticular display.
Experimental Observation of Forces Acting during Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1986)

Forces acting between tunnel tip and sample during scanning tunneling microscopy were explored experimentally. Force gradients were detected as resonance shifts of cantilever beams used as sample stage. Beam deflections caused by force variations were also recorded. We present data for tungsten tips and polycrystalline silver surfaces prepared under UHV conditions. Large positive force gradients were found for the range of tunnel distances investigated. Force maps show pronounced features correlating directly with topographic images.
Sequential centrifugal layer chromatography (SCLC): A New technique for the isolation of natural compounds. Part 1: Description of the method and practical aspects (1985)

Abstract Sequential centrifugal layer chromatography (SCLC), a new preparative planar separation technique, combines the advantages of preparative centrifugal layer chromatography (CLC) and analytical, horizontal, anticircular, and sequential thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). In this on‐line preparative method, solvent delivery is locally and temporally variable, which means that the mobile phase can be brought onto the plate at any desired place. The SCLC apparatus operates in two modes: circular, with the help of centrifugal force in an inclined position, and anticircular, by means of capillary action in a horizontal position. These two operation modes can be combined and repeated as often as required, hence the separation space becomes practically unlimited. In this way the capacity and separation performance is significantly increased. In the present paper the apparatus and the method are described and some practical aspects are mentioned.
Dry-etch resistance of fluorine functionalized polymers (2002)

The reactive ion etch (RIE) properties of fluorine funtionalized polymers in which fluorine atoms were incorporated in the main chain were examined. There was a tendency that the etching rates of these polymers were higher as lower the fluorine contents. The existing four models such as the Ohnishi model, the Kunz model, the Ohfuji model and the Kishimura model were applied to explain the correlation between the etching rates and the polymer compositions or structures, but the errors were too large to explain the relationship. A new model has developed to explain the effect of the fluorine incorporation to the dry etch resistance. The model assumed that there would be a correlation between the number of main chain fluorine atoms and the dry etch resistance, and the main chain fluorine incorporation would increase the dry etch resistance. The model could explain the dry etch resistance of the main chain fluorine incorporated polymers with adequate accuracy.
Electrospun fibrous nanocomposites as permeable, flexible strain sensors (2008)

Electrospun polymer/nanoparticle composite-fiber structures are investigated as potential lightweight, compliant, porous strain sensors for noncyclic strain sensing. Such composite-fiber-based structures (mats/strips) are referred to as nanocomposites in this study. The fibers in the nanocomposites consist of, for example, poly(ε-caprolactone) dielectric polymer matrix with embedded electrically conductive carbon black (CB) nanoparticles. The effect of CB concentration on the electrical resistance of nanocomposite strips is studied experimentally. The fiber strips with 7wt% or more of CB are electrically conducting in the as-spun, undeformed state and are, thus, called conductive polymer composites. The experiments demonstrate that the electrical resistance of a nanocomposite strip increases with strain it undergoes, and at sufficiently high strains, the strip became nonconductive. It is argued that the stretching process breaches the percolation structure of CB nanoparticles in the dielectric polymer matrix, thereby changing the strip electrical resistance. A two-dimensional layered-percolation model is proposed to describe the resistance increase with stretching. The model is compared to the experimental data for nanocomposite strips containing different CB loadings (7–11wt%), and a reasonable agreement is obtained for these CB loadings. The percolation threshold for electrical conduction of these nanocomposites is found experimentally to be lower than the corresponding theoretical two-dimensional random percolation threshold. The reduction is attributed to formation of oriented clusters of CB nanoparticles inside the fibers during the electrospinning process. The scaling-like increase of the electrical resistance toward percolation breakdown at large strains closely resembles the predictions of the percolation theory. A reproducible correlation between electrical resistance of the nanocomposite strips and their stretching suggests that they can be used as resistive noncyclic strain sensors. Such flexible permeable sensors can be useful, for example, when embedded in filters, to indicate filter overstretching due to clogging. In particular, a clogged section of a filter with an embedded sensor possesses a lower permeability, which increases pressure difference acting on this section at a fixed fluid throughput. The increased pressure difference results in local bending and stretching of the clogged section of the filter with an embedded sensor. In the present work, a formula is derived to relate permeability of a clogged filter to the strain of an embedded sensor and, in turn, to the electrical resistance of the sensor. This formula is a key element of the proposed novel resistive sensor.
System Framework for a Multi-Band, Multi-Mode Software Defined Radio (2014)

Abstract : This paper describes a system framework for a multi-band, multi-mode software defined radio (MBMM SDR) being developed for next-generation telemetry applications. The system framework consists of a multi-band front-end (MBFE), a multi-mode digital radio (MMDR), and configuration and control (C2) sub-systems. The MBFE consists of an L/S/C-band transceiver architecture that provides wideband operation, band selection, and channel tuning. The MMDR consists of the software and firmware components for high-speed digital signal processing for the telemetry waveforms. Finally, the C2 consists of the software and hardware components for system configuration, control and status. The MBFE is implemented as a stand-alone hardware sub-system, while the MMDR and C2 are integrated into a single hardware sub-system utilized state-of-the-art system-on-a-chip (SoC) technology. Design methodologies, hardware architectures, and system tradeoffs are highlighted to meet next-generation telemetry requirements for improved spectrum efficiency and utilizations.
Inhibition of Hydrolytic Degradation in Ester-Based Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids (2010)

Hydrolysis is a detrimental pathway resulting in the decomposition of esters in ester-based invert emulsion drilling fluids. The products of hydrolytic degradation of esters, namely alcohols and carboxylate salts, can adversely affect fluid performance and properties. Additionally, hydrolysis reaction products, particularly low molecular weight alcohols, can generate HSE issues in terms of both increased toxicity of the fluid and an increased hazard to rig personnel monitoring the fluid. Although ester hydrolysis can take place any time esters are in contact with water, the reaction is accelerated under both alkaline and acidic conditions. Hydrolysis is also exacerbated at elevated temperatures. As a result ester-based drilling fluids are generally utilized with minimal lime concentrations and in wellbores with temperatures of 300oF or less. Chemical additives that can be incorporated into an esterbased drilling fluid and inhibit ester hydrolysis have been developed. Greater than 90% reductions in the amount of ester hydrolysis were observed in the presence of these additives. Hydrolytic protection of the valuable esters is conferred because the additives are more easily hydrolyzed than esters, thus offering a more kinetically favorable pathway for hydrolytic species. The inhibition of ester hydrolysis in esterbased invert emulsion fluids potentially allows for the application of these advantageous fluids in more thermally demanding environments. Data on the inhibition of hydrolysis in ester-based invert emulsion fluids with chemical additives along with a discussion of the applicability of these additives to protect other drilling fluid additives is reported herein.
Determination of the drift mobility in high-conductivity amorphous silicon (1981)

A new technique for measuring the drift mobility in semiconductors is proposed. This method consists in measuring the current transient in a Schottky-barrier device during a reverse bias voltage pulse. Measurements on a-Si:H doped with 0.2% phosphorous show a temperature activated mobility. The activation energy is 0.13 eV and the drift mobility is about 6.5×10−2 cm2/V sec at room temperature. This technique is particularly applicable to material in which the dielectric relaxation time is shorter than the carrier transit time, precluding time-of-flight measurements.
Cooling of the 200 m superconducting DC power transmission system at Chubu University (2012)

Abstract The fourth cooling test of the superconducting DC power transmission system of Chubu University was conducted in August of 2011. The heat leak from the cryogenic pipe and the eect of reducing the outer pipe temperature were tested. The heat leak from the cryogenic pipe was improved relative to that recorded during the second cooling test performedintheprevious summer,a season similartothatin whichthe fourth cooling testwas conducted.Asigniﬁcant reduction of the outer pipe temperature was achieved by an infrared reﬂective coating, and a reduction of the heat leak was observed.
Optimum training sequences for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas (2002)

Channel information is required for OFDM systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas exploiting antenna diversity. We present techniques to improve the performance and reduce the complexity of channel parameter estimation: optimum training sequence design and simplified channel estimation. The optimal training sequences not only simplify the initial channel estimation but also attain the best estimation performance. The simplified channel estimation significantly reduces the complexity of the channel estimation at the expense of a negligible performance degradation.
Prevention of islanding in grid-connected photovoltaic systems (1999)

Recently there has been a resurgence of concern about islanding of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. This condition occurs when the PV system continues to energize a section of the grid after that section has been isolated from the main utility voltage source. Generally, islanding is undesirable because it poses a safety hazard to utility service personnel, and also because it can lead to asynchronous reclosure which can damage equipment. It is therefore important that PV systems incorporate methods to prevent islanding. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to critically review the literature on islanding prevention methods for PV systems and discuss their strengths and shortcomings; (2) to review and analyze the islanding behavior of four converters which are prominent in the literature in order to demonstrate the implementation and effectiveness of some islanding prevention methods; and (3) to introduce a new islanding prevention scheme, active frequency drift with positive feedback, which overcomes many of the shortcomings of existing schemes. It is concluded that no ‘perfect’ islanding prevention method yet exists, but also that many existing methods or combinations thereof work very well in practical situations. Finally, it is noted than an investigation of what constitutes ‘sufficient’ islanding prevention is needed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of a novel nonlinear optical crystal (DAD) containing cyclobutenedione as an electron acceptor (1993)

A novel organic crystal, (-)-1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-2-(2-hydroxypropylamino)cyclobutene-3,4-dione (DAD), has been grown and its linear and nonlinear optical properties have been characterized. The DAD crystal belongs to a space group P1 with a large second-order nonlinear optical coefficient d11, which is measured by the Maker-fringe method to be 200 +or- 40 pm V-1 at a fundamental wavelength of 1.064 mu m.
Efficient Incorporation of Metal Oxides into Neutral Surfactants-templated Mesoporous Silicas (2005)

Abstract We provided a two-step synthetic method for convenient and efficient incorporation of metal oxides into the mesoporous silicas templated with neutral surfactants at room temperature.
The capsule and O antigen in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal are associated with a genetic region not present in Vibrio cholerae O1 (1995)

Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, although closely related to V. cholerae O1 El Tor, produces a polysaccharide capsule and has a distinct O antigen. We have identified a chromosomal region of at least 11 kb, as defined by three TnphoA mutations, that is required for the expression of both polysaccharides. Electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show that these TnphoA mutants have lost the abilities both to express capsule and to produce lipopolysaccharide beyond the core oligosaccharide. Reactivity with O139 typing serum and resistance to serum are also lost in the mutants. DNA probes for this region do not hybridize with O1 V. cholerae but do react with other vibrios, implying that the region was recently acquired.
Resveratrol Ameliorates the Severity of Fibrogenesis in Mice with Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis (2017)

We suggest that resveratrol is potentially a nutraceutical for the mitigations of pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis for which no effective therapeutic measure is currently available.
Role of Micromagnetic States on Spin–Orbit Torque-Switching Schemes (2018)

Three-terminal spintronic memory devices based on the controlled manipulation of the proximate magnetization of a magnetic nanoelement using spin-orbit torques (SOTs) have attracted growing interest recently. These devices are nonvolatile, can operate at high speeds with low error rates, and have essentially infinite endurance, making them promising candidates for high-speed cache memory. Typically, the magnetization and spin polarization in these devices are collinear to one another, leading to a finite incubation time associated with the switching process. While switching can also be achieved when the magnetization easy axis and spin polarization are noncollinear, this requires the application of an external magnetic field for deterministic switching. Here, we demonstrate a novel SOT scheme that exploits non-uniform micromagnetic states to achieve deterministic switching when the spin polarization and magnetic moment axis are noncollinear to one another in the absence of external magnetic field. We also explore the use of a highly efficient SOT generator, oxygen-doped tungsten in the three-terminal device geometry, confirming its -50% spin Hall angle. Lastly, we illustrate how this scheme may potentially be useful for nanomagnetic logic applications.
<title>High-temperature superconducting superconductor/normal metal/superconducting devices</title> (1991)

We describe the fabrication and characterization of superconductor/normal metal/superconductor (SNS) devices made with the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) YBa2Cu3O(7-x). Structures of YBa2Cu3O(7-x)/Au/Nb on c-axis-oriented YBa2Cu3O(7-x) were made in both sandwich and edge geometries in order to sample the HTS material both along and perpendicular to the conducting a-b planes. These devices display fairly ideal Josephson properties at 4.2 K. In addition, devices consisting of YBa2Cu3O(7-x)/YBa2Cu3O(y)/YBa2Cu3O(7-x), with a 'normal metal' layer of reduced transition temperature YBa2Cu3O(7-x) were fabricated and show a great deal of promise for applications near 77 K. Current-voltage characteristics like those of the Resistively-Shunted Junction model are observed, with strong response to 10 GHz radiation above 60 K.
Suppressing non-local effects due to Doppler frequency shifts in dynamic Brillouin fiber sensors (2020)

Brillouin fiber sensors have traditionally been limited to low-speed or static strain measurements due to the time-consuming frequency scans required. In the past decade, a number of novel high-speed measurement techniques have been proposed to enable Brillouin-based dynamic strain sensors. In this work, we present a new mechanism, which can limit the performance of high-speed dynamic Brillouin sensors. Specifically, we show that dynamic strain induced Doppler shifts can corrupt a distributed Brillouin strain measurement by introducing non-local signals throughout the fiber. We present a model showing that these non-local signals can introduce unacceptable levels of cross-talk or even exceed the local signal strength in reasonable operating conditions and experimentally observe these signals in a standard slope-assisted BOTDA sensor. Finally, we present a modified sensor architecture to address this issue and experimentally demonstrate low-noise (2.6 nε/Hz<sup>1/2</sup>), dynamic strain measurements with significantly reduced sensitivity to this type of non-local signal.
Improved Electron Emission Materials for HID Lamps (1979)

AbstractElectron emission material requirements for high pressure mercury and sodium vapor lamps are reviewed. New emission materials, based upon the solid solutions between (1) Ba2CaWO6 and Ba2CaMoO6 and (2) Ba3Y2WO9 and Ba3Y2MoO9, were prepared and investigated in detail. These were found to have many desirable properties and to help significantly in improving lamp life and maintenance during the life.
Carrier frequency and timing offset tracking scheme for sc-fde systems (2004)

In this paper, we propose a new residual carrier frequency and timing offset tracking scheme for a SC-FDE (single carrier - frequency domain equalizer) with frequency-domain pilots. The SC-FDE is a field that gathers more and more interest as a modulation scheme for the broadband wireless communications. For simple channel equalization SC-FDE systems perform equalization in frequency-domain instead of time-domain using FFT, IFFT and CP (cyclic prefix). We analyze the effect of frequency and timing offset in a frequency-domain and propose a new method of frequency and timing synchronization. Also, we describe a method to assign frequency-domain pilots and tracking algorithms for residual carrier frequency and timing offset using these pilots. Moreover, we verify the algorithm with a numerical analysis and computer simulation.
A NUMERICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE MAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER (2009)

This paper addresses the design of a novel electromagnetic flow meter for use in multiphase flows. The relationship between the magnetic field distribution, the induced electrical potential and the velocity distribution of the conducting continuous phase was studied using COMSOL Multiphysics software (formally known as FEMLAB). The electromagnetic flow meter was modelled to its physical specification i.e. a PTFE pipe located within a Helmholtz coil. The Helmholtz coils were used to produce a magnetic field which was orthogonal to both the flow direction and to a chord joining the detection electrodes. At any instant in time, the magnetic flux density was uniform in the flow cross\nsection. Using the model, the position of the electrodes could be changed to anywhere on the internal surface of the insulating PTFE wall of the flow meter - to satisfy the project requirement of measuring the induced electrical potentials at specific locations on the boundary of the flow.