gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Different Contributions of the Alternative and Classical Complement Activation Pathway for the Innate Host Response during Sepsis (2011)

Complement activation represents a crucial innate defense mechanism to invading microorganisms, but there is an eminent lack of understanding of the separate contribution of the different complement activation pathways to the host response during sepsis. We therefore investigated different innate host immune responses during cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice lacking either the alternative (fD(-/-)) or classical (C1q(-/-)) complement activation pathway. Both knockout mice strains showed a significantly reduced survival and increased organ dysfunction when compared with control mice. Surprisingly, fD(-/-) mice demonstrated a compensated bacterial clearance capacity as control mice at 6 h post CLP, whereas C1q(-/-) mice were already overwhelmed by bacterial growth at this time point. Interestingly, at 24 h after CLP, fD(-/-) mice failed to clear bacteria in a way comparable to control mice. However, both knockout mice strains showed compromised C3 cleavage during sepsis. Investigating potential causes for this discrepancy, we were able to demonstrate that despite normal bacterial clearance capacity early during the onset of sepsis, fD(-/-) mice displayed increased inflammatory cytokine generation and neutrophil recruitment into lungs and blood when compared with both control- and C1q(-/-) mice, indicating a potential loss of control over these immune responses. Further in vitro experiments revealed a strongly increased Nf-κB activation capacity in isolated neutrophils from fD(-/-) mice, supporting this hypothesis. Our results provide evidence for the new concept that the alternative complement activation pathway exerts a distinctly different contribution to the innate host response during sepsis when compared with the classical pathway.
Metaphor Detection through Term Relevance (2014)

Most computational approaches to metaphor detection try to leverage either conceptual metaphor mappings or selectional preferences. Both require extensive knowledge of the mappings/preferences in question, as well as sufficient data for all involved conceptual domains. Creating these resources is expensive and often limits the scope of these systems. We propose a statistical approach to metaphor detection that utilizes the rarity of novel metaphors, marking words that do not match a text's typical vocabulary as metaphor candidates. No knowledge of semantic concepts or the metaphor's source domain is required. We analyze the performance of this approach as a stand-alone classifier and as a feature in a machine learning model, reporting improvements in F 1 measure over a random baseline of 58% and 68%, respectively. We also observe that, as a feature, it appears to be particularly useful when data is sparse, while its effect diminishes as the amount of training data increases.
NCOA1 Directly Targets <i>M-CSF1</i> Expression to Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis (2014)

In breast cancer, overexpression of the nuclear coactivator NCOA1 (SRC-1) is associated with disease recurrence and resistance to endocrine therapy. To examine the impact of NCOA1 overexpression on morphogenesis and carcinogenesis in the mammary gland (MG), we generated MMTV-hNCOA1 transgenic [Tg(NCOA1)] mice. In the context of two distinct transgenic models of breast cancer, NCOA1 overexpression did not affect the morphology or tumor-forming capability of MG epithelial cells. However, NCOA1 overexpression increased the number of circulating breast cancer cells and the efficiency of lung metastasis. Mechanistic investigations showed that NCOA1 and c-Fos were recruited to a functional AP-1 site in the macrophage attractant CSF1 promoter, directly upregulating colony-simulating factor 1 (CSF1) expression to enhance macrophage recruitment and metastasis. Conversely, silencing NCOA1 reduced CSF1 expression and decreased macrophage recruitment and breast cancer cell metastasis. In a cohort of 453 human breast tumors, NCOA1 and CSF1 levels correlated positively with disease recurrence, higher tumor grade, and poor prognosis. Together, our results define an NCOA1/AP-1/CSF1 regulatory axis that promotes breast cancer metastasis, offering a novel therapeutic target for impeding this process.
Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, <i>Megacopta cribraria</i> (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) (2017)

Abstract The invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria , was first reported in North America in 2009 and has subsequently spread through most of the southeastern United States, causing yield loss in soybean. Since detection in the USA , research has focused mainly on managing this newly established pest, but many important characteristics of the pest's mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior are unknown. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of nymph and adult mouthparts and sensilla were made through scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and feeding behavior was examined using electropenetrography ( EPG ) and paraffin histology. Morphologies observed were similar to what has previously been reported for other piercing–sucking hemipterans. The relationship between rostrum length and body size (pronotum width and dorsal length) exhibited negative allometry. Rostrum length exhibited an isometric relationship with interocular width. Adult females ( n =9) probed soybean stems 1.3±0.8 times in 9 h, with an average probe time of 2.3±1.3 h. EPG waveforms were characterized and correlated with behavior. Salivary sheaths were shown to terminate in the vascular tissue; four of five sheaths terminated in the phloem. This is the first time that the feeding behavior of a member of the Plataspidae has been recorded using EPG . Results add to our current limited knowledge of plataspid mouthpart morphology and provide a baseline for further research on the feeding behaviors of M. cribraria and other soybean‐feeding hemipterans.
From where did the 2009 'swine-origin' influenza A virus (H1N1) emerge? (2009)

The swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus that appeared in 2009 and was first found in human beings in Mexico, is a reassortant with at least three parents. Six of the genes are closest in sequence to those of H1N2 'triple-reassortant' influenza viruses isolated from pigs in North America around 1999-2000. Its other two genes are from different Eurasian 'avian-like' viruses of pigs; the NA gene is closest to H1N1 viruses isolated in Europe in 1991-1993, and the MP gene is closest to H3N2 viruses isolated in Asia in 1999-2000. The sequences of these genes do not directly reveal the immediate source of the virus as the closest were from isolates collected more than a decade before the human pandemic started. The three parents of the virus may have been assembled in one place by natural means, such as by migrating birds, however the consistent link with pig viruses suggests that human activity was involved. We discuss a published suggestion that unsampled pig herds, the intercontinental live pig trade, together with porous quarantine barriers, generated the reassortant. We contrast that suggestion with the possibility that laboratory errors involving the sharing of virus isolates and cultured cells, or perhaps vaccine production, may have been involved. Gene sequences from isolates that bridge the time and phylogenetic gap between the new virus and its parents will distinguish between these possibilities, and we suggest where they should be sought. It is important that the source of the new virus be found if we wish to avoid future pandemics rather than just trying to minimize the consequences after they have emerged. Influenza virus is a very significant zoonotic pathogen. Public confidence in influenza research, and the agribusinesses that are based on influenza's many hosts, has been eroded by several recent events involving the virus. Measures that might restore confidence include establishing a unified international administrative framework coordinating surveillance, research and commercial work with this virus, and maintaining a registry of all influenza isolates.
The Role of T cell PPAR γ in mice with experimental inflammatory bowel disease (2010)

The expression of PPAR gamma in T cells is involved in preventing gut inflammation by regulating colonic expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators at later stages of disease while favoring the recruitment of Treg to the mucosal inductive sites.
Numerical evaluation of heat transfer in corrugated heat exchangers (2014)

In this study, we carried out several simulations by investigating numerically an important geometrical factor in the corrugated tubes, very known in heat exchangers technology and applied in solar and desalination plants, specifically we focused our interest on the influence of the pitch length parameter over the heat transfer in these tubes using CFD (ANSYS/FLOTRAN). The used duct is a cylindrical pipe and the hecklers are spherical cavities. The 2d axisymmetric model is used and the model k-epsilon turbulence is adopted. The working fluid is water, and the usual boundary conditions such as outlet pressure and wall temperature are fixed. Based on the numerical results obtained in this study, it is found that for small pitches, the grooves produce more turbulence but away from the walls, unlike the case of large pitch. Besides, the variation of the heat transfer efficiency according to the pitch length for various velocities is presented and analyzed. It is revealed that the positive effect of the pitch is not always found.
Pore‐scale determination of parameters for macroscale modeling of evaporation processes in porous media (2011)

Evaporation is an important process in many natural and technical systems, such as the unsaturated zone of the subsurface or microchannel evaporators. For the understanding and prediction of the involved processes, numerical simulations of multiphase flow and transport processes are an important tool. In order to achieve an accurate, physically based description of kinetic interphase mass and heat transfer occurring during evaporation, the numerical model has to account for the interfacial areas between phases. A recently developed model for two‐phase flow in porous media is able to account for the involved processes by using interfacial areas explicitly as parameters in the model. The crucial issue, however, is the determination of the relationships between specific interfacial areas, capillary pressure, and saturation in this paper, we present a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, which allows us to determine these relationships. On the basis of the scanned geometry of a natural porous medium, the relationships between specific interfacial areas, capillary pressure, and saturation are determined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that fluid‐solid specific interfacial area relationships have been obtained from pore‐scale data. Using these functions, we present the results of macroscale simulations of an evaporator device and of drying in a porous medium.
Construction of Overhead-View Images Using Single Camera at a Road Intersection (2010)

Vehicle tracking is an important task in detecting areas of traffic congestion and determining traffic conditions. To this end, a method using video images obtained using a camera fixed at a road intersection is adopted. However, a camera fixed above an intersection cannot be used to obtain an intuitive understanding of the position of vehicles because it takes images of roads and vehicles obliquely from above them. In this study, the authors propose a method of easily determining the position and movement of vehicles by converting the moving images obtained using a single-lens camera at an intersection into those observed from directly above the road (overhead-view images) and by subsequently projecting the overhead-view images onto a digital map.
Performance derivative calculations and optimization process (1989)

The calculation of the sensitivity versus a geometric or physical parameter and its use in an optimization process are presented. The 2-D finite-element method is used in the magnetic field calculation. The quasiNewton method is used to determine the direction of minimization, and the constraints of upper and lower bounds of parameters are treated by the penalty function. A cubic approximation method is used in the unidimensional minimization. Minimization of the current density (J/sub c/) while keeping the force desired for a relay model is presented as an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Will the Real Price of Housing Drop Sharply in the 1990s (1992)

Housing - Finance
Effect of Flow Distribution to the Channels on the Thermal Performance of the Multipass Plate Heat Exchangers (2004)

Abstract Over last two decades, plate heat exchangers (PHEs) have presented themselves as a viable alternative to the conventional shell and tube heat exchangers in the process and power industries. The thermal theory available for plate heat exchangers in the literature largely works on the assumption of equal flow in each channel. However, it is well known that the distribution of fluid from port to channel in PHE is far from being uniform. The present study brings about this port to channel flow distribution effect on the thermal behavior of multipass plate heat exchangers. The variation of the heat transfer coefficient due to flow variation from channel to channel has also been taken into consideration. Heat exchangers with both equal and unequal passes of the fluids have been studied. The results indicate that the flow maldistribution severely affects the performance of plate heat exchangers, and multipassing can act as an important tool to reduce the deterioration in performance due to maldistribution. The results show that with a low number of passes, the increase of velocity of fluid may be counterproductive in terms of heat transfer enhancement. Also, adding plates in order to increase the heat transfer surface may not be effective due to an increase in flow maldistribution. The correlations for 1-1, 1-2, 2-2, and 2-3 pass plate heat exchangers with the maldistribution index as a parameter are also presented. The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Professor S.P. Venkateshan of IIT Madras for his valuable suggestions during the course of this work. The authors also express gratitude to Professor H. Matin for the discussion the second author (SKD) had with him at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. The authors thank Professor W. Roetzel of Univeritat der Bundeswehr Hamburg for his well thought-out opinion on the subject and the Av Humboldt Foundation, Germany, for the opportunity extended to the second author during his research stay at Hamburg.
Tetrabutylammonium Salt Induced Denitration of Nitropyridines: Synthesis of Fluoro‐, Hydroxy‐, and Methoxypyridines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Stereospecific Conversion of Vicinal Diols into Olefins via 2‐Methoxy‐ 1,3‐dioxolane Derivatives. (1986)

Abstract The diols (I) are coupled with the orthoester (II) producing the 2‐methoxy‐1,3‐dioxolanes (III).
Real-time, face recognition technology (1995)

The Institute for Scientific Computing Research (ISCR) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory recently developed the real-time, face recognition technology KEN. KEN uses novel imaging devices such as silicon retinas developed at Caltech or off-the-shelf CCD cameras to acquire images of a face and to compare them to a database of known faces in a robust fashion. The KEN-Online project makes that recognition technology accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW), an internet service that has recently seen explosive growth. A WWW client can submit face images, add them to the database of known faces and submit other pictures that the system tries to recognize. KEN-Online serves to evaluate the recognition technology and grow a large face database. KEN-Online includes the use of public domain tools such as mSQL for its name-database and perl scripts to assist the uploading of images.
Treatment of Highly Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2020)

The combination of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid led to a favorable outcome at 6 months after the end of therapy in a high percentage of patients with highly drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis; some associated toxic effects were observed. (Funded by the TB Alliance and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02333799.).
Structure–Activity Relationships of Lysophosphatidylserine Analogs as Agonists of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors GPR34, P2Y10, and GPR174 (2015)

Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is an endogenous lipid mediator generated by hydrolysis of membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Recent ligand screening of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) identified two LysoPS-specific human GPCRs, namely, P2Y10 (LPS2) and GPR174 (LPS3), which, together with previously reported GPR34 (LPS1), comprise a LysoPS receptor family. Herein, we examined the structure-activity relationships of a series of synthetic LysoPS analogues toward these recently deorphanized LysoPS receptors, based on the idea that LysoPS can be regarded as consisting of distinct modules (fatty acid, glycerol, and l-serine) connected by phosphodiester and ester linkages. Starting from the endogenous ligand (1-oleoyl-LysoPS, 1), we optimized the structure of each module and the ester linkage. Accordingly, we identified some structural requirements of each module for potency and for receptor subtype selectivity. Further assembly of individually structure-optimized modules yielded a series of potent and LysoPS receptor subtype-selective agonists, particularly for P2Y10 and GPR174.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOTIDES. XII. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TRINUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATES WITH H THYMIDINE, 2′‐DEOXYADENOSINE, AND 1‐(2′‐DEOXY‐α‐ AND 1‐(2′‐DEOXY‐β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)LUMAZINES AS BUILDING BLOCKS (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend von Desoxyadenosin (Ia) bzw. seinem Phosphorylierungsprodukt (Ib) werden nach der Phosphotriester‐Methode schrittweise über die Stufen (IIIa), (IIIb) und (V) die Trinucleosiddiphosphate (VI) synthetisiert.
Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games without identity (2021)

This note defines Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games where identity is not present in the basic language. The formulation is applied to show that there is no elementary theory in the language of one binary relation that exactly characterizes models in which the relation is the identity relation.
Nest expansion assay: a cancer systems biology approach to in vitro invasion measurements (2009)

The spatial nature of the NEA makes its outcome susceptible to the global influence of many cellular parameters at once (e.g., motility, protease secretion, cell-cell adhesion). We propose the NEA as a mid-throughput technique for screening and simultaneous examination of factors contributing to cancer cell invasion, particularly suitable for parameterizing and validating Cancer Systems Biology approaches such as mathematical modeling.
Statistical Challenges Facing Early Outbreak Detection in Biosurveillance (2010)

Abstract Modern biosurveillance is the monitoring of a wide range of prediagnostic and diagnostic data for the purpose of enhancing the ability of the public health infrastructure to detect, investigate, and respond to disease outbreaks. Statistical control charts have been a central tool in classic disease surveillance and also have migrated into modern biosurveillance; however, the new types of data monitored, the processes underlying the time series derived from these data, and the application context all deviate from the industrial setting for which these tools were originally designed. Assumptions of normality, independence, and stationarity are typically violated in syndromic time series. Target values of process parameters are time-dependent and hard to define, and data labeling is ambiguous in the sense that outbreak periods are not clearly defined or known. Additional challenges include multiplicity in several dimensions, performance evaluation, and practical system usage and requirements. Our focus is mainly on the monitoring of time series to provide early alerts of anomalies to stimulate investigation of potential outbreaks, with a brief summary of methods to detect significant spatial and spatiotemporal case clusters. We discuss the statistical challenges in monitoring modern biosurveillance data, describe the current state of monitoring in the field, and survey the most recent biosurveillance literature. Keywords: : Anomaly detectionControl chartDisease outbreakStatistical process controlSyndromic data
Linearization of thermistor resistance-temperature characteristics using active circuitry (1977)

A linear relationship is obtained between the temperature of a thermistor and the voltage output from an electronic circuit into which the thermistor is incorporated. The circuit is basically a combination of a logarithmic amplifier and an analog divider. It is capable of producing a linear voltage output with temperature for virtually all commercially used thermistors having resistance in the range of 3 MΩ–500 Ω.
CSEM uncertainties and inversion (2012)

Uncertainties in marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) data consist of two independent parts: measurement noise and position uncertainties. Measurement noise can be readily determined using stacking statistics in the Fourier domain. The uncertainties due to errors in position can be estimated using perturbation analysis given estimates of the uncertainties in transmitter-receiver geometries. However, the various geometric parameters are not independent (e.g. change in antenna dip affects antenna altitude, etc.) so how uncertainties derived from perturbation analysis can be combined to derive error-bars on CSEM data is not obvious. In this study, we use data from the 2009 survey of the Scarborough gas field to demonstrate that (a) a repeat tow may be used to quantify uncertainties from geometry, (b) perturbation analysis also yields a good estimate of data uncertainties as a function of range and frequency so long as the components are added arithmetically rather than in quadrature, and (c) lack of a complex error structure in inversion yields model results which are unrealistic and leads to “over-selling” of the capabilities of CSEM at any particular prospect.
Parasitic authentication to protect your e-wallet (2000)

The electronic wallet (e-wallet), a handheld computer that consolidates a user's personal items, stores vital information and facilitates financial transactions, has received much attention lately. It promises to consolidate many of the personal items carried around by the modern individual: wallet, phone, pager, diary and keys. In fact, Nokia's 9001 Communicator already combines the phone, pager and diary into one unit. The question arises, however, as to how to provide user authentication. Traditional protection mechanisms require users to enter a PIN or password every time they wish to perform a transaction. More sophisticated techniques include using a biometric device, such as a fingerprint scanner, which is integrated into the e-wallet. Both of these options have disadvantages. Usability problems due to authentication are a significant barrier to the adoption of e-wallets. How can an e-wallet guarantee security without being cumbersome? In this article, the authors present some uses of existing protocols whereby a concealable, wireless and portable device can temporarily act as an authentication proxy for the user. The e-wallet then becomes a parasite - feeding off the small device for required authentication and identification information. Parasitic authentication attempts to provide handheld computers with security without reducing convenience.