gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symmetry perception with spiking neural networks (2021)

Mirror symmetry is an abundant feature in both nature and technology. Its successful detection is critical for perception procedures based on visual stimuli and requires organizational processes. Neuromorphic computing, utilizing brain-mimicked networks, could be a technology-solution providing such perceptual organization functionality, and furthermore has made tremendous advances in computing efficiency by applying a spiking model of information. Spiking models inherently maximize efficiency in noisy environments by placing the energy of the signal in a minimal time. However, many neuromorphic computing models ignore time delay between nodes, choosing instead to approximate connections between neurons as instantaneous weighting. With this assumption, many complex time interactions of spiking neurons are lost. Here, we show that the coincidence detection property of a spiking-based feed-forward neural network enables mirror symmetry. Testing this algorithm exemplary on geospatial satellite image data sets reveals how symmetry density enables automated recognition of man-made structures over vegetation. We further demonstrate that the addition of noise improves feature detectability of an image through coincidence point generation. The ability to obtain mirror symmetry from spiking neural networks can be a powerful tool for applications in image-based rendering, computer graphics, robotics, photo interpretation, image retrieval, video analysis and annotation, multi-media and may help accelerating the brain-machine interconnection. More importantly it enables a technology pathway in bridging the gap between the low-level incoming sensor stimuli and high-level interpretation of these inputs as recognized objects and scenes in the world.
Onion-Type Micelles in Aqueous Media (1996)

Poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PBA-b-PVP) in acidic aqueous solutions forms micelles with PBA cores and PVP shells. When this micellar solution is brought to pH higher than 4.8 , the PVP shells collapse and the copolymer precipitates. However, when a sample of acid water soluble poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PVP-b-PEO) is present, its PVP blocks coprecipitate with PVP blocks of PBA-b-PVP and form a dense outer core. The PEO blocks then stabilize this complex onion-type structure. Static and dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that for small values of the (PVP-b-PEO)/(PBA-b-PVP) mass ratio the resulting particles are multimicellar clusters. When the ratio is sufficiently large, the solution contains onion-type micelles. However, the outer core of these micelles can incorporate only a limited number of PVP blocks from the PVP-b-PEO copolymer. The excess PVP-b-PEO molecules then form independent smaller micelles with PVP cores and PEO shells.
Effect of Nd422 Addition on J<sub>c</sub> in Nd123 Melt-Textured Bulk Superconductor (1997)

Nd 4 Ba 2 Cu 2 O 10 (Nd422) fine powder was intentionally added to NdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (Nd123) powder and heat treated in melt-textured growth processing under reduced oxygen atmosphere. We found that fine Nd422 particles are dispersed uniformly in the Nd123 matrix. The J c values derived from the M-H curves increase with increasing amount of Nd422 addition in the low magnetic field region, but decrease in the high field region as the peak effect gradually weakens. The enhancement of J c in low fields is attributed to the increase in the number of pinning centers introduced due to the addition of Nd422 particles.
Silence–breathing–snore classification from snore-related sounds (2008)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease in which upper airways are collapsed during sleep, leading to serious consequences. Snoring is the earliest symptom of OSA, but its potential in clinical diagnosis is not fully recognized yet. The first task in the automatic analysis of snore-related sounds (SRS) is to segment the SRS data as accurately as possible into three main classes: snoring (voiced non-silence), breathing (unvoiced non-silence) and silence. SRS data are generally contaminated with background noise. In this paper, we present classification performance of a new segmentation algorithm based on pattern recognition. We considered four features derived from SRS to classify samples of SRS into three classes. The features--number of zero crossings, energy of the signal, normalized autocorrelation coefficient at 1 ms delay and the first predictor coefficient of linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis--in combination were able to achieve a classification accuracy of 90.74% in classifying a set of test data. We also investigated the performance of the algorithm when three commonly used noise reduction (NR) techniques in speech processing--amplitude spectral subtraction (ASS), power spectral subtraction (PSS) and short time spectral amplitude (STSA) estimation--are used for noise reduction. We found that noise reduction together with a proper choice of features could improve the classification accuracy to 96.78%, making the automated analysis a possibility.
Texture classification of scarred and non-scarred myocardium in cardiac MRI using learned dictionaries (2011)

The late gadolinium enhancement in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging is used to increase the intensity of scar area in myocardium for thorough examination. The results in our previous work [1] arises the hypothesis that there are textural differences between the non-scarred myocardium and the scarred areas. This paper presents our work of testing the hypothesis further by applying dictionary learning techniques and sparse representation on CMR images (manually segmented by cardiologists) in order to find textural differences in the myocardium and to classify texture in the non-scarred myocardium and the scarred areas. After myocardial infarction, cardiac patients considered to have high risk of ventricular arrhythmia are implanted with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD). Our ultimate goal is to accurately identify the patients with highest risk of arrhythmia, who are to be implanted with ICD by exploring the textural properties in the scarred region of late gadolinium enhanced CMR images.
A deep architecture with bilinear modeling of hidden representations: Applications to phonetic recognition (2012)

We develop and describe a novel deep architecture, the Tensor Deep Stacking Network (T-DSN), where multiple blocks are stacked one on top of another and where a bilinear mapping from hidden representations to the output in each block is used to incorporate higher-order statistics of the input features. A learning algorithm for the T-DSN is presented, in which the main parameter estimation burden is shifted to a convex sub-problem with a closed-form solution. Using an efficient and scalable parallel implementation, we train a T-DSN to discriminate standard three-state monophones in the TIMIT database. The T-DSN outperforms an alternative pretrained Deep Neural Network (DNN) architecture in frame-level classification (both state and phone) and in the cross-entropy measure. For continuous phonetic recognition, T-DSN performs equivalently to a DNN but without the need for a hard-to-scale, sequential fine-tuning step.
Video Visual Relation Detection (2017)

As a bridge to connect vision and language, visual relations between objects in the form of relation triplet $łangle subject,predicate,object\rangle$, such as "person-touch-dog'' and "cat-above-sofa'', provide a more comprehensive visual content understanding beyond objects. In this paper, we propose a novel vision task named Video Visual Relation Detection (VidVRD) to perform visual relation detection in videos instead of still images (ImgVRD). As compared to still images, videos provide a more natural set of features for detecting visual relations, such as the dynamic relations like "A-follow-B'' and "A-towards-B'', and temporally changing relations like "A-chase-B'' followed by "A-hold-B''. However, VidVRD is technically more challenging than ImgVRD due to the difficulties in accurate object tracking and diverse relation appearances in video domain. To this end, we propose a VidVRD method, which consists of object tracklet proposal, short-term relation prediction and greedy relational association. Moreover, we contribute the first dataset for VidVRD evaluation, which contains 1,000 videos with manually labeled visual relations, to validate our proposed method. On this dataset, our method achieves the best performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art baselines.
The Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure Solution of SSZ-58:  A Novel Two-Dimensional 10-Ring Pore Zeolite with Previously Unseen Double 5-Ring Subunits (2003)

The synthesis, structure solution, and characterization of the novel zeolite SSZ-58 are described. SSZ-58 was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using 1-butyl-1-cyclooctylpyrrolidinium cation as a structure-directing agent. The framework topology of SSZ-58 was determined with the FOCUS Fourier recycling method. SSZ-58 possesses 12 tetrahedral atoms in the asymmetric unit of its highest topological symmetry, and to date it is the most complex zeolite structure solved from powder data. Rietveld refinement of synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data in space group Pmma confirmed the proposed model. SSZ-58 contains layers of atoms that are linked together by double five-membered rings (D5R), or 5(2)4(5) subunits, that have not been observed before in any zeolite or zeotype structures. SSZ-58 possesses a two-dimensional channel system consisting of 10-membered ring pores that intersect to form large cavities circumscribed by 12- and 16-membered ring pores.
Detection of BHA Lateral Resonances While Drilling With Surface Longitudinal and Torsional Sensors (1992)

Summary An analytical model is presented in detail which pre- dicts the oscillatory motions and forces at the top of a drillstring due to forward whirl of the BHA (bottom hole assembly) at a BHA lateral resonance. The geometry and amplitude of the BHA mode shape are used in a scheme which converts the lateral motions to sinusoidally varying axial forces and tangential impulses acting on the BHA. The entire string is then analyzed for wave propagation of the axial forces and torsional impulses. In this manner, the dynamic axial and torsional response at the top of the drillstring can be used to predict BHA forward whirl at each of the BHA lateral resonances. The model has been incorporated in a computer program for practical analyses.
Cylindrical crossed-coil NMR limb blood flowmeter (1979)

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) flowmeter has been developed for noninvasive measurement of upper extremity blood flow in humans. Flow through major arteries and veins is determined by placing the arm into a 12.5-cm i.d. crossed-coil detector structure, contained in a 0.075 T (750 G) steady detector field. Venous flow is measured by passage of a demagnetized bolus of blood, generated by periodic application of a radio-frequency tagger field upstream from the detector. The self tag technique is applied to arterial flow. Detector output is a direct function of the pulsatile component of arterial volume flow, within the range of linear operation. Consideration has been given in flowmeter design to sensitivity, long term stability, and ease of operation.
Anandamide transport is independent of fatty-acid amide hydrolase activity and is blocked by the hydrolysis-resistant inhibitor AM1172 (2004)

The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide is removed from the synaptic space by a high-affinity transport system present in neurons and astrocytes, which is inhibited by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide (AM404). After internalization, anandamide is hydrolyzed by fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an intracellular membrane-bound enzyme that also cleaves AM404. Based on kinetic evidence, it has recently been suggested that anandamide internalization may be mediated by passive diffusion driven by FAAH activity. To test this possibility, in the present study, we have investigated anandamide internalization in wild-type and FAAH-deficient (FAAH(-/-)) mice. Cortical neurons from either mouse strain internalized [(3)H]anandamide through a similar mechanism, i.e., via a rapid temperature-sensitive and saturable process, which was blocked by AM404. Moreover, systemic administration of AM404 to either wild-type or FAAH(-/-) mice enhanced the hypothermic effects of exogenous anandamide, a response that was prevented by the CB(1) cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant (SR141716A). The results indicate that anandamide internalization in mouse brain neurons is independent of FAAH activity. In further support of this conclusion, the compound N-(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z eicosatetraenyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide (AM1172) blocked [(3)H]anandamide internalization in rodent cortical neurons and human astrocytoma cells without acting as a FAAH substrate or inhibitor. AM1172 may serve as a prototype for novel anandamide transport inhibitors with increased metabolic stability.
Suppression Of Tool Marks To Enhance Detection Of Surface Defects (1989)

Where surface quality is crucial, metal manufacturers employ surface inspection systems that use image processing techniques to distinguish defects from normal background. These systems are well suited for surfaces in which the defects are characterized by sharp variations in intensity from the average background intensity. However, in the presence of tool marks, the ability of the surface inspection systems to distinguish defects from normal background is severely degraded. This paper presents techniques based on optical/image processing concepts to suppress the tool-marks and thereby enhance the detectability of surface defects.
A radionuclide therapy treatment planning and dose estimation system. (1999)

A four-module software system has been implemented to estimate MIRD phantom and patient-specific absorbed doses. Computations of the doses and their statistical distribution for a pure beta emitter such as 90Y take approximately 1 min on a 300 MHz personal computer.
Zeolite-<i>like</i> Metal−Organic Frameworks (ZMOFs) as Hydrogen Storage Platform: Lithium and Magnesium Ion-Exchange and H<sub>2</sub>-(<i>rho</i>-ZMOF) Interaction Studies (2009)

Zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks (ZMOFs) are anionic, have readily exchangeable extra-framework cations, and can be constructed with a variety of organic linkers. ZMOFs therefore can be regarded as an excellent platform for systematic studies of the effect(s) of various structural factors on H(2) binding/interaction with porous metal-organic materials. We find that the enhanced binding of molecular hydrogen in ion-exchanged ZMOFs with an anionic framework is largely governed by the presence of the electrostatic field in the cavity, which is reflected by isosteric heats of adsorption in these compounds which are greater by as much as 50% relative to those in neutral MOFs. Direct contact of the sorbed hydrogen with the exchangeable cations is shown not to be possible in the explored systems thus far, as they retain their form as aqua complexes.
Surfactant Enhanced Waterflood SEW in Medium and Light Crude Oil Reservoirs (2018)

Abstract Combinations of surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) have proven, in the laboratory and the field, to be good methods for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, field implementation of these methods has not been widely materialized because of economics, especially at the recent crude oil prices. A more economical EOR alternative is surfactant-enhanced waterflood (SEW), achieved by injecting a small amount of an appropriate surfactant with the injected water. This method could be applied in reservoirs containing medium and light crude oil (less than 5 cP viscosity at reservoir temperature) that are currently under waterflood, and has the economic advantage of minimal additional CAPEX investment for surface facilities. The main target of this method is to mobilize residual oil trapped at pore throats after an extensive waterflood. Increasing the Ca improves the efficiency of crude oil displacement from injectors to producers. The workflow of surfactant formulation selection involves a comprehensive sequence of studies that cover: Selection of candidate surfactants based on reservoir fluids properties and reservoir data conditions,Winsor systems phase behavior studies, IFT measurement,Evaluation of surfactant adsorption, andEvaluation of the formulation in porous media (sandpack and coreflood tests). Parameters involved in the phase behavior studies included a broad range of salinity, hardness, temperature, surfactants ratio in blends, and the equivalent carbon number (EACN) of the evaluated crude oils. After screening and selecting formulations, waterflood simulation with the surfactant formulation is required to estimate the recovery factor, the production profile, and the economics of the project. Optimal surfactant formulations determined by phase behavior studies using surfactants-brine-crude oil systems were obtained for selected reservoir conditions (temperature, injection water salinity, specific crude oils, and rock properties). These custom-made formulations were Winsor III microemulsions with very high oil solubilization, and an IFT equal to or lower than 10−3 mN/m. Evaluation of the selected formulations at low surfactant concentrations (around 0.15% in injection water) in sandpack and coreflood tests resulted in approximately 30% additional oil recovery. The results demonstrate that a high percentage of additional oil could be recovered after waterflood by adding a small concentration of a properly selected surfactant formulation to the water injected into cores saturated with light crude oil. This paper discusses some aspects of the experimental work involved in various phases of the process for selecting surfactant formulations that meet the requirements of ultra-low IFT that result in a high capillary number (Ca) and high recovery of low-viscosity residual medium and/or light crude oil left behind in reservoirs that have been produced by waterflood.
Evaluation of local PMT triggering electronics for a TOF-PET scanner (2008)

The development of high light output scintillation crystals with fast decay times has made clinical whole body TOF-PET scanners possible. Current clinical systems based on LYSO have timing resolutions near 600ps (FWHM), but considerably better resolution is possible with faster scintillators. We have previously reported results for a prototype TOF-PET scanner using LaBr3 (5% Ce) as the scintillation crystal. These preliminary results were obtained using a “local” triggering electronics scheme, in which the seven PMTs used for energy and positioning measurements are also used to produce a trigger. The local triggering design is intended to reduce the effects of pulse pileup and noise, reducing deterioration of the timing resolution at high count rates, and allowing us to take full advantage of the timing properties of LaBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . In this work we present the details of the implementation of our design, and demonstrate the impact of the size of the trigger zone on the system timing resolution with increasing count rate. Optimization of the system has allowed us to achieve a 375ps (FWHM) system timing resolution of our prototype scanner.
Establishment of an antiviral assay system and identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus inhibitors (2017)

Aims Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease. SFTS is epidemic in Asia, and its fatality rate is around 30% in Japan. The causative virus severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a phlebovirus of the family Phenuiviridae (the order Bunyavirales). Although effective treatments are required, there are no antiviral agents currently approved for clinical use. Ribavirin and favipiravir were examined for their anti-SFTSV activity and found to be selective inhibitors of SFTSV replication in vitro. However, their activity was not sufficient. Therefore, it is mandatory to identify novel compounds active against SFTSV. To this end, we have established a safe and rapid assay system for screening selective inhibitors of SFTSV. Methods The virus was isolated from SFTS patients treated in Kagoshima University Hospital. Vero cells were infected with SFTSV and incubated in the presence of various concentrations of test compounds. After three days, the cells were examined for their intracellular viral RNA levels by real-time reverse transcription-PCR without extracting viral RNA. The cytotoxicity of test compounds was determined by a tetrazolium dye method. Results Among the test compounds, the antimalarial agent amodiaquine was identified as a selective inhibitor of SFTSV replication. Its 50% effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) and cytotoxic concentration (CC<sub>50</sub>) were 19.1 ± 5.1 and >100 µM, respectively. The EC<sub>50</sub> value of amodiaquine was comparable to those of ribavirin and favipiravir. Conclusion Amodiaquine is considered to be a promising lead of novel anti-SFTSV agents, and evaluating the anti-SFTSV activity of its derivatives is in progress.
Mitigation of BPD by Pre-Epigrowth High Temperature Substrate Annealing (2016)

Basal Plane Dislocations (BPD) intersecting the SiC substrate surface were converted to threading edge dislocations (TED) by high temperature annealing of the substrates in the temperature range of 1750 °C – 1950 °C. Successively, epitaxial growth on annealed as well as non-annealed samples was performed, concurrently, to investigate the effect of the substrate annealing on BPD mitigation in the epilayers. For the 1950 °C/10min anneal, a 3x reduction in BPD density was observed. Additionally, surface roughness measured using atomic force microscopy revealed no degradation in surface morphology of the grown epilayers after annealing.
Silicon Holder For Molecular-Beam Epitaxy (1993)

In previous studies, <i>Nigella sativa</i> (NS) has been studied due to its various physiological and pharmacological activities. However, evidence on the effects of NS on physical fatigue following exhaustive swimming remains limited. In the present study, the authors evaluated the potential beneficial effects of NS against the fatigue activity following exhaustive swimming. Rats were orally administered with NS extract (2 g/kg/day) for 21 days, and the anti-fatigue effect was assessed by exhaustive swimming exercise. The presented results indicated that pre-treatment of NS extract significantly increased the time to exhaustion. In hemodynamic parameters, NS extract increased blood <i>p</i>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2sat</sub>, but decreased <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>. For underlying mechanisms, NS extract protected depletion of energy, indicated by increased levels of blood pH, glucose and tissue glycogen contents, and decreased levels of blood lactate, tissue lactic dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, when the NS extract was pre-treated. In addition, the NS extract inhibited oxidative stress following exhaustive swimming, as reflected by the results of increased levels of superoxide dismutase and redox ratio, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde when the NS extract was pre-treated. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that NS extract has an anti-fatigue activity against exhaustive swimming by energy restoration and oxidative-stress defense.