gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constant-Power Joint-Waterfilling for Coordinated Transmission (2011)

It is known that traditional water-filling provides a closed form solution for capacity maximization in frequency-selective block fading channels or multicarrier system with adaptive modulation. This waterfilling solution is derived from a maximum mutual information argument with single transmission point. Motivated by the new technology of coordinated multiple point (CoMP) transmission , a new closed form solution named as joint-waterfilling is derived for a multicarrier system with multiple coordinated transmission point (CTP) [2]. However, like traditional waterfilling, to utilize this joint-waterfilling in practical system, an important issue is the complex transmitter and receiver design, such as variable-rate variable-power MQAM modulation and coding. In this paper we investigate a new constant-power joint-waterfilling scheme for a coordinated transmission system, in which two constant power levels are used across a properly chosen subset of subchannels. A rigorous worst-case performance bound of the constant-power joint-waterfilling is given based on the \emph{duality gap} analysis. Furthermore, a low-complexity constant-power adaptation algorithm is also developed. Numerical simulation result shows that the proposed constant-power joint-waterfilling has a negligible performance loss compared with true joint-waterfilling.
Inhibition of Fruit Abscission in Apple with Night-break Red Light (1986)

Abstract ‘Richared Delicious’ trees received 10 μW·cm −2 of red light, peaking at 660 nm for 1.5 or 15 min nightly at midnight from full bloom until the end of “June drop” in early July. Both light treatments reduced abscission during the June drop period. ‘McIntosh’ apple trees received 10 or 200 μW·cm −2 of red light for 15 min at midnight, beginning in mid-August and continuing nightly until mid-October. Preharvest drop of fruit was delayed considerably one year and slightly reduced the 2nd year. With either cultivar, light treatment had no effect on fruit size, fruit quality, or return bloom in either year.
Phage-based platforms for the clinical detection of human bacterial pathogens (2012)

Bacteriophages (phages) have been utilized for decades as a means for uniquely identifying their target bacteria. Due to their inherent natural specificity, ease of use, and straightforward production, phage possess a number of desirable attributes which makes them particularly suited as bacterial detectors. As a result, extensive research has been conducted into the development of phage, or phage-derived products to expedite the detection of human pathogens. However, very few phage-based diagnostics have transitioned from the research lab into a clinical diagnostic tool. Herein we review the phage-based platforms that are currently used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis and Staphylococcus aureus in the clinical field. We briefly describe the disease, the current diagnostic options, and the role phage diagnostics play in identifying the cause of infection, and determining antibiotic susceptibility.
Isotope Targeted Glycoproteomics (IsoTaG) to Characterize Intact, Metabolically Labeled Glycopeptides from Complex Proteomes (2016)

Protein glycosylation plays many critical roles in biological function and creates the most diversity of all post-translational modifications (PTMs). Glycan structural diversity is directly correlated with difficulty in characterizing the intact glycoproteome by mass spectrometry (MS). In this protocol, we describe a novel mass-independent chemical glycoproteomics platform for characterizing intact, metabolically labeled glycopeptides from complex proteomes, termed Isotope Targeted Glycoproteomics (IsoTaG). To use IsoTaG, cell culture samples are metabolically labeled with an azido- or alkynyl-sugar. Metabolically labeled glycoproteins are then tagged using Click chemistry and enriched with an isotopic recoding biotin probe. Intact glycopeptides are recovered by cleavage of the probe, analyzed with directed MS, and assigned by targeted mass-independent data analysis. The outlined procedure is well defined in cell culture and has been executed with over 15 cell lines.
Metathesis depolymerization for removable surfactant templates. (2005)

Current methodologies for the production of meso- and nanoporous materials include the use of a surfactant to produce a self-assembled template around which the material is formed. However, post-production surfactant removal often requires centrifugation, calcination, and/or solvent washing which can damage the initially formed material architecture(s). Surfactants that can be disassembled into easily removable fragments following material preparation would minimize processing damage to the material structure, facilitating formation of templated hybrid architectures. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of novel cationic and anionic surfactants with regularly spaced unsaturation in their hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails and the first application of ring closing metathesis depolymerization to surfactant degradation resulting in the mild, facile decomposition of these new compounds to produce relatively volatile nonsurface active remnants.
MASS SELECTED ION BEAM DEPOSITION: A TOOL FOR PARAMETRIC GROWTH STUDIES, PROCESS DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF DIAMONDLIKE FILMS (1988)

ABSTRACT Diamondlike films have unique properties that can be tailored between those of diamond and those of graphite to meet industrial applications. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the ability to prepare films with specific properties through control of the deposition parameters. The three basic approaches, plasma deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and ion beam deposition, are presented. Since the first two methods consist of complex chemical-physical systems which limit the possibilities for controlled parametric studies, the focus herein is on the latter technique. This work presents the unique capabilities of mass-selected carbon ion beam deposition in controlling deposition parameters over a wide range, particularly when combined with in-situ analysis of film evolution. The role of different deposition parameters on diamond film growth is discussed. The Houston deposition system that manifests the above features is described. A summary of results of some ongoing experiments is given to demonstrate the system capabilities for both parametric studies of diamondlike film growth and actual production of diamondlike films. Notes *On sabbatical leave from Soreq NRC, Yavne,70600 Israel
Role of Inflammatory Related Gene Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Development and Clinical Outcomes (2011)

Results suggest that inflammation gene expression may be significant prognostic biomarkers for the risk of recurrence (GADD45G) and death (CARD9, CIITA and NCF2) in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma.
Improving the granularity of access control for Windows 2000 (2002)

This article presents the mechanisms in Windows 2000 that enable fine-grained and centrally managed access control for both operating system components and applications. These features were added during the transition from Windows NT 4.0 to support the Active Directory, a new feature in Windows 2000, and to protect computers connected to the Internet. While the access control mechanisms in Windows NT are suitable for file systems and applications with simple requirements, they fall short of the needs of applications with complex data objects. Our goal was to use operating system access control mechanisms to protect a large object hierarchy with many types of objects, each with many data properties. We also wanted to reduce the exposure of users to untrustworthy or exploited programs.We introduced three extensions to support these goals. First, we extended the entries in access control lists to provide an unlimited number of access rights for a single object and to allow grouping those rights for efficiency. Second, we extended the entries to specify precisely how access control lists are assigned to each distinct type of object, instead of treating all types identically. Finally, we extended the data structure identifying users' identity to the operating system to allow users to restrict the set of objects a program may access. These changes allow a single access control mechanism to be used to protect both system and application resources, as well as protect users from each other and users from their programs, simplifying both program development and system management.
Chemical Mass Shifts in Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry:  Experiments and Simulations (1999)

Experimental data and simulations of trapped-ion motion are used to characterize the phenomenon of compound-dependent mass shifts in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The ratio of axial to radial dimensions of the ion trap and the nature and pressure of the bath gas are identified as experimental variables which influence the chemical mass shift. Systematic changes in chemical shifts occur with changes in the chemical structure of the ion, for example between members of a homologous series of alkylbenzene molecular ions. Simulations, performed using a new version of the program ITSIM, indicate that the mass shift is the result of two interacting factors: (i) delayed ion ejection from the trap during the mass analysis scan due to field imperfections associated with the end-cap electrode apertures and (ii) the compound-dependent modification of this delay by collisions with the bath gas. Both elastic collisions and inelastic collisions, including those which lead to dissociation, appear to contribute to the shortening of the delay and hence to affect the magnitude of the chemical mass shifts.
Quantifying 3D acquisition adequacy for azimuthal AVO analysis (2003)

Azimuthal AVO (AZAVO) refers to the directional variation of P-wave reflection amplitude at a fixed offset. There are several possible causes for this azimuthal amplitude variation: reservoir property, structural change of the reflector, near-surface effects, overburden property variation, acquisition footprint, processing artifacts, source/receiver radiation/reception patterns, etc. While paying close attention to all these causes is necessary for meaningful azimuthal AVO analysis, geophysicists are most interested in the azimuthal amplitude variation caused by a particular reservoir property: fracturing of the reservoir. A decade of theoretical study and some well-documented case histories have brought widespread acceptance that aligned open fractures will introduce azimuthal anisotropy to the host rock and can therefore be detected from analyzing P-wave reflection amplitude variation as a function of azimuth.
Nanophotonic Ion Production from Silicon Microcolumn Arrays (2009)

Abstract Nanoantennen für Ionen : Kieselgel‐Mikrosäulenarrays nutzen das Licht eines Laserpulses zur Ionisierung. Das System verhält sich wie eine quasiperiodische Antennenanordnung, und die Ionenausbeute hängt stark von der Polarisationsebene und dem Einfallwinkel des Laserstrahls ab. Photonische Ionenquellen könnten die kontrollierte Ionenbildung auf der Mikro‐ und Nanometerebene verbessern und lassen sich möglicherweise direkt in miniaturisierte Analysatoren integrieren. magnified image
Local specific absorption rate (SAR), global SAR, transmitter power, and excitation accuracy trade‐offs in low flip‐angle parallel transmit pulse design (2013)

Simultaneous control of power and SAR is needed for the design of pTx pulses that are safe and can be played on the scanner. Constraining a single quantity can create large increase in the others, which can then rise above safety or hardware limits. Simultaneous constraint of local SAR and power is fast enough to be applicable in a clinical setting.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF METAL PHOSPHATES BY METATHESIS REACTION WITH BORON PHOSPHATE (1982)

Abstract BPO 4 stellt ein brauchbares Reagenz zur Darstellung von Metallphosphaten durch metathetische Reaktion mit Metalloxiden oder ‐fluoriden dar.
Phased array ghost elimination (2006)

Parallel imaging may be applied to cancel ghosts caused by a variety of distortion mechanisms, including distortions such as off-resonance or local flow, which are space variant. Phased array combining coefficients may be calculated that null ghost artifacts at known locations based on a constrained optimization, which optimizes SNR subject to the nulling constraint. The resultant phased array ghost elimination (PAGE) technique is similar to the method known as sensitivity encoding (SENSE) used for accelerated imaging; however, in this formulation is applied to full field-of-view (FOV) images. The phased array method for ghost elimination may result in greater flexibility in designing acquisition strategies. For example, in multi-shot EPI applications ghosts are typically mitigated by the use of an interleaved phase encode acquisition order. An alternative strategy is to use a sequential, non-interleaved phase encode order and cancel the resultant ghosts using PAGE parallel imaging. Cancellation of ghosts by means of phased array processing makes sequential, non-interleaved phase encode acquisition order practical, and permits a reduction in repetition time, TR, by eliminating the need for echo-shifting. Sequential, non-interleaved phase encode order has benefits of reduced distortion due to off-resonance, in-plane flow and EPI delay misalignment. Furthermore, the use of EPI with PAGE has inherent fat-water separation and has been used to provide off-resonance correction using a technique referred to as lipid elimination with an echo-shifting N/2-ghost acquisition (LEENA), and may further generalized using the multi-point Dixon method. Other applications of PAGE include cancelling ghosts which arise due to amplitude or phase variation during the approach to steady state. Parallel imaging requires estimates of the complex coil sensitivities. In vivo estimates may be derived by temporally varying the phase encode ordering to obtain a full k-space dataset in a scheme similar to the autocalibrating TSENSE method. This scheme is a generalization of the UNFOLD method used for removing aliasing in undersampled acquisitions. The more general scheme may be used to modulate each EPI ghost image to a separate temporal frequency as described in this paper.
Compact soft x-ray transmission microscopy with sub-50 nm spatial resolution (2006)

In this paper, the development of compact transmission soft x-ray microscopy (XM) with sub-50 nm spatial resolution for biomedical applications is described. The compact transmission soft x-ray microscope operates at lambda = 2.88 nm (430 eV) and is based on a tabletop regenerative x-ray source in combination with a tandem ellipsoidal condenser mirror for sample illumination, an objective micro zone plate and a thinned back-illuminated charge coupled device to record an x-ray image. The new, compact x-ray microscope system requires the fabrication of proper x-ray optical devices in order to obtain high-quality images. For an application-oriented microscope, the alignment procedure is fully automated via computer control through a graphic user interface. In imaging studies using our compact XM system, a gold mesh image was obtained with 45 nm resolution at x580 magnification and 1 min exposure. Images of a biological sample (Coscinodiscus oculoides) were recorded.
Non-uniform Optimal Sampling for Seismic Survey Design (2012)

Defining optimal locations for sensors in a seismic survey has been a long-standing issue for geophysicists. It has long been known that random sampling can in some cases recover broader bandwidth from a fixed set of samples than uniform sampling. As an improvement over random sampling, we propose a methodology for Non-Uniform Optimal Sampling (NUOS) as a means for choosing source and receiver locations for seismic survey planning. This technique uses concepts from the field of compressive sensing in conjunction with optimization algorithms to identify sensor layouts that satisfy optimization constraints for a particular survey. Field trials conducted using NUOS concepts confirms the viability of using compressive sensing algorithms to recover significantly broader spatial bandwidth from non-uniform sampling than could be obtained using uniform sampling. Field trials using NUOS designs show that spatial bandwidth equivalent to 12.5m uniform sampling can obtained using the same number of samples as would be used for a 25m survey, resulting in significant improvements over conventional surveys. This improvement could be used to reduce costs for a fixed area, to cover a larger area with the same amount of equipment, or to increase the resolution over a given area.
3D visual phrases for landmark recognition (2012)

In this paper, we study the problem of landmark recognition and propose to leverage 3D visual phrases to improve the performance. A 3D visual phrase is a triangular facet on the surface of a reconstructed 3D landmark model. In contrast to existing 2D visual phrases which are mainly based on co-occurrence statistics in 2D image planes, such 3D visual phrases explicitly characterize the spatial structure of a 3D object (landmark), and are highly robust to projective transformations due to viewpoint changes. We present an effective solution to discover, describe, and detect 3D visual phrases. The experiments on 10 landmarks have achieved promising results, which demonstrate that our approach provides a good balance between precision and recall of landmark recognition while reducing the dependence on post-verification to reject false positives.
Potential and Challenges of Applying Vibrational Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Trans Fats in Foods for Regulatory Compliance in the<scp>USA</scp> (2001)

Abstract Trans fatty acids are found in a variety of foods like dairy and meat products, but the major dietary sources are products that contain commercially hydrogenated fats. There has been a renewed need for accurate analytical methods for the quantification of total trans fat since declaration of the amount of trans fat present in food products and dietary supplements was made mandatory in many countries. Official capillary GC and IR methodologies are the two most common validated methods used to identify and quantify trans fatty acids for regulatory compliance. The present chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of the IR techniques, including the latest attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform (FT) IR methodology called the negative second derivative ATR/FT‐IR method, which has been validated in an international collaborative study. This chapter points to potential sources of interferences in the FTIR determination that may lead to inaccurate results, particularly at low trans levels. The presence of high levels of saturated fats may lead to interferences in the FTIR spectra observed for trans triacylglycerols (TAG). TAGs require no derivatization, but have to be melted prior to IR measurement. While GC is currently the method of choice, ATR/FT‐IR spectroscopy is a viable, rapid alternative, and complementary method to GC for a more rapid determination of total trans fats for food‐labeling purposes.
Integrating geometrical and linguistic analysis for email signature block parsing (1999)

The signature block is a common structured component found in email messages. Accurate identification and analysis of signature blocks is important in many multimedia messaging and information retrieval applications such as email text-to-speech rendering, automatic construction of personal address databases, and interactive message retrieval. It is also a very challenging task, because signature blocks often appear in complex two-dimensional layouts which are guided only by loose conventions. Traditional text analysis methods designed to deal with sequential text cannot handle two-dimensional structures, while the highly unconstrained nature of signature blocks makes the application of two-dimensional grammars very difficult. In this article, we describe an algorithm for signature block analysis which combines two-dimensional structural segmentation with one-dimensional grammatical constraints. The information obtained from both layout and linguistic analysis is integrated in the form of weighted finite-state transducers. The algorithm is currently implemented as a component in a preprocessing system for email text-to-speech rendering.
Radio resource management for network assisted D2D in cellular uplink (2013)

Cellular network assisted Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has the potential to increase the network capacity, offload access and core network resources and reduce latency. To realize these potential gains and to ensure a win-win type of coexistence between the cellular and the D2D layer, there is a need to carefully design the procedures for radio resource management (RRM). This paper develops and evaluates low complexity radio resource management (RRM) algorithms that are based on practically feasible and well known measurements. These RRM algorithms include mode selection, power control, and resource allocation. First, the network assists D2D users on a coarse time scale to select D2D (direct) mode or cellular mode. Subsequently, the network informs the D2D users of tolerable power levels which cause minimal interference to the base station, and the possible resources that can be used for D2D communications. Based on this information, the D2D users act autonomously for executing the RRM functions. The simulation result shows that our approach to D2D RRM can harvest the offloading/proximity gain to the network.
Design of Small Molecule Ketoamide‐Based Inhibitors of Cathepsin K. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Common mode noise characteristics of resonant converters (2010)

This paper investigates the common mode (CM) noise characteristics of resonant converters. Noise sources of CM EMI in isolated resonant converters were identified and analyzed. The operating point of the resonant converter has significant impact on CM noise of the converter. Utilizing the leakage inductance in the power transformer as the resonant inductor can reduce the high-frequency CM noise of some types of resonant converters. However, utilizing leakage inductance may limit the low-frequency reduction while adopting the CM noise reduction techniques.
Highly Conductive Electrolytic Solution for Electric Double-layer Capacitor Using Dimethylcarbonate and Spiro-type Quaternary Ammonium Salt (2007)

Use of a novel electrolyte, a spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt (SBP-BF4), in an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) has allowed the use of a linear-structure carbonate–which, although it has a low viscosity, had never been used as a solvent because it does not dissolve a conventional electrolyte–as a sub-solvent for an electrolytic solution in combination with a main solvent, propylenecarbonate (PC). Of such linear-structure carbonates, use of dimethylcarbonate (DMC) in an electrolytic solution attains not only low viscosity but also high conductivity of an electrolytic solution. Furthermore, an EDLC using the electrolytic solution exhibits very excellent capacitance, internal resistance, temperature properties, and discharging rate.
Over the barrier and through the blood: To CNS delivery we go (2009)

Comment on: Foust KD, et al. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:59-65.