gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-signal stability assessment of the power electronic-based AC systems using impedance measurnment-based technique (2013)

Small-signal stability analysis of the Power Electronic-based Distribution Systems (PEDS) plays a prominent role in different stages of the systems analyses such as, preoperational (design), operational, and post-operational. Nowadays, due to increases in integration of renewable energy resources into power systems, in addition to invention of Power Electronic-based Components (PECs) such as: Solid State Transformers (SSTs), machine drives, and inverters, the nature of stability investigation is considerably changed due to the capability of these devices to operate as negative impedances in the systems. Therefore, small-signal stability needs to be addressed as well as large-signal stability in the PEDS. In addition, since the power consumers in the system are currently more sensitive, the priority to have a complete and comprehensive stability study of the system is imperative. Herein, small-signal stability analysis techniques developed based on impedance measurement of the PECs along with their pros and cons are described. A new small-signal stability analysis method based on d-q impedance measurement is developed and the stability of an individual SST connected to the AC source/load is investigated from its AC interface.
Laser cooling of molecules: A sequential scheme for rotation, translation, and vibration (1996)

A novel scheme is proposed for sequential cooling of rotation, translation, and vibration of molecules. More generally, this scheme manipulates and controls the states and energies of molecules. The scheme, while somewhat complex, is simpler and more feasible than simply providing a large number of synchronously but independently tunable lasers. The key component is a multiple single frequency laser (MSFL) in which a single narrow band pump laser generates an ensemble of resonant ‘‘stimulated Raman’’ (RSR) sidebands (subsequently amplified and selected) in a sample of the molecules to be cooled. Starting with a relatively cold molecular sample (e.g., a supersonic beam of Cs2), the rotation of molecules is cooled by sequential application of P branch electronic transition frequencies transverse to the molecular beam beginning at higher rotational angular momentum J. Then translation of molecules is cooled by application of multiple low J, P, and R branch transition frequencies which counterpropagate with the molecular beam and are synchronously chirped over their Doppler profiles. Finally, vibration of molecules is cooled by blocking the R(0) line of the 0–0 band. Only this specific order of rotation–translation–vibration appears feasible (using molecules produced by photoassociation of ultracold atoms avoids the requirement for translational cooling). Each step employs true dissipative cooling (i.e., reduction of system entropy in three degrees of freedom) by spontaneous emission and should yield a large translationally cold sample of molecules in the lowest (v=0, J=0) level of the ground electronic state, suitable for studies such as molecule trapping, ‘‘molecule optics,’’ or long range intermolecular states.
Propagation delays induced in GPS signals by dry air, water vapor, hydrometeors, and other particulates (1999)

Dry air, water vapor, hydrometeors, and other particulates (sand, dust, aerosols, and volcanic ash) in the atmosphere introduce microwave propagation delays. These delays must be properly characterized to achieve the highest accuracy in surveying and atmospheric sensing using Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. In this paper we review the theory of microwave propagation delays induced by the above atmospheric constituents and estimate their maximum delays. Because the structure of atmospheric refractivity can be highly complex and difficult to model, and because measurement tools are unavailable for characterizing most of the refractive components, we use simplified examples to illustrate its effects. Our results show that propagation delays due to water vapor, cloud liquid, rain, and sandstorms can be significant in high‐accuracy GPS applications. For instance, propagation through 1 km of heavy rain can induce 15‐mm delays in L 1 , and because delays due to scattering are dispersive and alias as ionospheric delays in L 3 processing, L 3 range errors are magnified to 20 mm. Depending upon the distribution of precipitation relative to the configuration of GPS satellites, such unmodeled delays can induce horizontal and vertical errors of several centimeters.
Clenbuterol, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, reduces scoliosis due to partial transection of rat spinal cord (1997)

Injury to the spinal cord often results in abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, or scoliosis, that is associated with neuromuscular weakness. The lateral curvature of the spine is thought to be a consequence of insufficient or asymmetrical loading of the vertebrae. To study neuromuscular scoliosis, an animal model of spinal cord injury was used in which the spinal cord was partially (3/4) transected, with the left lateral columns left intact. Partial transection of the spinal cord in the rat caused scoliosis that was maximal four to five vertebrae distal to the lesion site. As in previous experiments involving unilateral spinal cord lesions, the scoliotic curves were convex on the weakened side. Subtotal transection at T5 or T11 resulted in lateral displacement of vertebrae T9-T12 or L2-L5, respectively, of up to 11 mm. Interestingly, this vertebral displacement is greatly reduced by clenbuterol, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist that has been found to retard loss of muscle contractility and bone mineralization due to denervation. Together these results suggest that stimulation of beta2-receptors opposes vertebral unloading due to neuromuscular weakness and thereby acts as a countermeasure to scoliosis.
An effective deterministic BIST scheme for shifter/accumulator pairs in datapaths (2002)

Effective built-in self-test (BIST) schemes using deterministic sequences generated by small counters have been proposed in the past for the common multiplier/accumulator pair. In this paper we show how near complete testability can be achieved with a regular counter-generated deterministic test set for the shifter-accumulator pair (accumulation performed either by an adder or an ALU) which appears very often in embedded processor or DSP datapaths. The BIST scheme provides near complete coverage with respect to the stuck-at fault model for any datapath width as it is verified by a comprehensive set of experiments. The proposed BIST scheme uses the same test pattern generation (counters) and output data evaluation (accumulators) resources as in our earlier BIST schemes for multiplier/accumulator pairs, thus completing a deterministic counter-based datapath BIST architecture.
Generation of human hair-bearing skin organoids from stem cells (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> Skin is a complex and vulnerable tissue that it is challenging to reconstitute once damaged. Here, we describe a three-dimensional organoid culture system that can generate fully stratified skin with its appendages from human pluripotent stem cells. This <italic>in vitro</italic>-based skin organoid culture system will benefit investigations into basic skin biology and disease modeling, as well as translational efforts to reconstruct or regenerate skin tissue.
Automatic volume management for programmable microfluidics (2008)

Microfluidics has enabled lab-on-a-chip technology to miniaturize and integrate biological and chemical analyses to a single chip comprising channels, valves, mixers, heaters, separators, and sensors. Recent papers have proposed programmable labs-on-a-chip as an alternative to traditional application-specific chips to reduce design effort, time, and cost. While these previous papers provide the basic support for programmability, this paper identifies and addresses a practical issue, namely, fluid volume management. Volume management addresses the problem that the use of a fluid depletes it and unless the given volume of a fluid is distributed carefully among all its uses, execution may run out of the fluid before all its uses are complete. Additionally, fluid volumes should not overflow (i.e., exceed hardware capacity) or underflow (i.e., fall below hardware resolution). We show that the problem can be formulated as a linear programming problem (LP). Because LP's complexity and slow execution times in practice may be a concern, we propose another approach, called DAGSolve, which over-constrains the problem to achieve linear complexity while maintaining good solution quality. We also propose two optimizations, called cascading and static replication, to handle cases involving extreme mix ratios and numerous fluid uses which may defeat both LP and DAGSolve. Using some real-world assays, we show that our techniques produce good solutions while being faster than LP.
A nonlinear impulse sampler for detection of picosecond pulses in 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS (2017)

In this paper, a novel nonlinear impulse sampler is presented. The architecture uses an ultrafast transmission-line based inductive peaking technique to turn on a high-speed sampling bipolar transistor for a few picoseconds. It is shown that the sampler can detect impulses as short as 100 ps. The chip is fabricated in IBM 9HP BiCMOS process technology and occupies an area of 1.02 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The power consumption of the chip is 105 mW.
Fragile X syndrome and Fragile XE mental retardation (1996)

There are two forms of mental handicap associated with fragile sites on the end of the long arm of the X chromosome. The well known common disorder Fragile X syndrome is associated with FRAXA and a rare non-specific form of mental handicap is associated with FRAXE. The cytogenetics of these fragile sites is considered. For Fragile X syndrome details are given of the molecular genetics, inheritance patterns, genetic counselling, methods for diagnosis of index cases, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Series of prenatal diagnoses are briefly reviewed and technical and biological problems associated with this procedure are considered. Prenatal diagnosis of Fragile X syndrome using molecular genetic techniques is now a well established procedure, with the only significant problem being the inability to accurately predict phenotype in female fetuses with full mutations. Few prenatal diagnoses of Fragile XE non-specific mental retardation have been recorded. In principle the technical aspects of such a prenatal diagnosis should be little different from those for Fragile X syndrome. Incomplete knowledge of the phenotypic effect of the full mutation in males and females would make phenotypic prediction for any fetus shown to have such a mutation very difficult. At this stage all that could be determined with precision is that the mutation was present or absent in the fetus. Possible consequences of this are discussed.
Orthogonal code hopping multiplexing (2002)

An orthogonal code hopping multiplexing scheme is proposed as a statistical multiplexing scheme for an orthogonal downlink in order to accommodate more orthogonal downlink channels than orthogonal codewords for mobile stations, and its performance is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyl Esters of Camptothecin and 9‐Nitrocamptothecin: Synthesis, in vitro Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and Antitumor Activity. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
WebCL for Hardware-Accelerated Web Applications (2012)

Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, now run full feature browsers capable of handling rich media and web content. The emergence of HTML5 makes the browser an ever more attractive platform for application developers. In addition, improvements in JavaScript engines are further shrinking the performance gap between native applications, typically written in C and C++, and web apps, those written in web-based technologies (HTML, CSS and JavaScript). However there is still one area where native applications can show significantly better performance: compute-intensive functions, such as complex image and audio processing algorithms, are considered beyond the reach of JavaScript. This work looks at removing this last deficiency from the web application platform. Specifically we show how high-performance compute capabilities of multi-core CPUs and programmable GPUs can be made accessible to web applications and then discuss the standardization of this technology and its implementation for a mobile browser.
Recombinant Human and Rat Ciliary Neurotrophic Factors (1991)

The human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene was identified and cloned, based on homology with the recently cloned rat cDNA. The gene encodes a protein of 200 amino acids, which shares about 80% sequence identity with rat and rabbit CNTF and, like these homologues, lacks an apparent secretion signal sequence. The human CNTF gene, like the rat gene, appears to contain a single intron separating two protein coding exons. An intronless human CNTF gene was constructed by the use of polymerase chain reactions and introduced into vectors designed for expression of foreign proteins in E. coli. The rat CNTF gene was also introduced into similar vectors. Both the human and rat proteins were expressed at exceptionally high levels, at 20-40% and 60-70% of total protein, respectively. Extraction of the recombinant proteins from inclusion bodies by guanidinium chloride, followed by two column chromatography steps, produced high yields of pure CNTF that supported survival and neurite outgrowth from embryonic chick ciliary neurons in culture. The biological activity of both recombinant proteins was comparable to that of native rat CNTF.
Glycoengineering of the methylotrophic yeast <i>Hansenula polymorpha</i> for the production of glycoproteins with trimannosyl core <i>N</i>‐glycan by blocking core oligosaccharide assembly (2008)

The initial lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-dolichyl pyrophosphate (Dol-PP) for N-glycan is synthesized and assembled at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently transferred to a nascent polypeptide by the oligosaccharide transferase complex. We have identified an ALG3 homolog (HpALG3) coding for a dolichyl-phosphate-mannose dependent alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. The detailed analysis of glycan structure by linkage-specific mannosidase digestion showed that HpALG3 is responsible for the conversion of Man5GlcNAc(2)-Dol-PP to Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-Dol-PP, the first step to attach a mannose to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide in the ER. The N-glycosylation pathway of H. polymorpha has been remodeled by deleting the HpALG3 gene in the Hpoch1 null mutant strain blocked in the yeast-specific outer mannose chain synthesis and by introducing an ER-targeted Aspergillus saitoi alpha-1,2-mannosidase gene. This glycoengineered H. polymorpha strain produced glycoproteins mainly containing trimannosyl core N-glycan (Man(3)GlcNAc(2)), which is the common core backbone of various human-type N-glycans. The results demonstrate the high potential of H. polymorpha to be developed as an efficient expression system for the production of glycoproteins with humanized glycans.
Investigation of Distributed Combustion for Gas Turbine Application: Forward Flow Configuration (2010)

Colorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) has been investigated here for high efficiency and ultra low pollution gas turbine combustors applications. In this paper forward flow configurations have been examined. Basic requirement for CDC is carefully tailored mixture preparation prior to ignition through a combination of product gas recirculation, controlled mixing between the fresh combustion air and recirculated gases to form hot and diluted oxidizer. Rapid mixing between the injected fuel and hot oxidizer is desirable prior to spontaneous ignition of the mixture in the entire combustion zone to achieve distributed combustion reactions. Distributed reactions can also be achieved in premixed mode of operation with sufficient entrainment of burned gases and faster turbulent mixing between the reactants. In the present investigation forward flow modes are considered in which three non-premixed and one premixed combustion mode have been examined that showed favorable CDC combustion conditions. In the forward flow configurations the air injection port is positioned at a location opposite to the combustor exit. The location of fuel injection ports is changed to give different configurations. The thermal intensity for the present investigation is 28MW/m3-atm simulating gas turbine conditions. Increase in thermal intensity (lower combustion volume) presents many challenges, such as, lower residence time, lower recirculation of gases and confinement effects on the jet characteristics. The results are presented on the global flame signatures, exhaust emissions, and emission of radical species using experiments and flowfield dynamics using numerical simulations. Ultra low NOx emissions are found for both the premixed and non-premixed combustion modes investigated here. The reaction zone is observed to be significantly different in different combustion modes.
Holographic microrefractometer (2012)

In-line holographic microscopy of micrometer-scale colloidal spheres yields heterodyne scattering patterns that may be interpreted with Lorenz-Mie theory to obtain precise time-resolved information on the refractive index of the suspending medium. We demonstrate this approach to spatially resolved refractometry with measurements on calibrated refractive index standards and use it to monitor chemical concentration in a microfluidic channel. Using commercially available colloidal spheres as probe particles and a standard video camera for detection yields values for the fluid’s refractive index at the position of each probe particle in each holographic snapshot with a demonstrated resolution of 2×10−3 refractive index units (RIU) and a potential resolution surpassing 10−4 RIU⁠. The combination of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, multi-point in situ access, and technical simplicity recommends this technique for cost-effective lab-on-a-chip applications.
Decoder diversity architectures for finite alphabet iterative decoders (2014)

We present a finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAIDs), a new type of decoders for low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, which outperform much more complex belief-propagation-based counterparts in the error floor region. The FAID variable node update is a simple Boolean map, and we show that by varying this map one can achieve a class of decoders capable of correcting wide range of distinct error patterns uncorrectable by a single FAID. We call this concept decoding diversity, and present a low-complexity architecture and error performance analysis of the FAID diversity decoder for column-weight three LDPC codes on the binary symmetric channel.
Self-calibrating d-scan: measuring ultrashort laser pulses on-target using an arbitrary pulse compressor (2019)

[EN]In most applications of ultrashort pulse lasers, temporal compressors are used to achieve a desired\n\t\t\t\t pulse duration in a target or sample, and precise temporal characterization is important. The dispersionscan\n\t\t\t\t (d-scan) pulse characterization technique usually involves using glass wedges to impart variable,\n\t\t\t\t well-defined amounts of dispersion to the pulses, while measuring the spectrum of a nonlinear signal\n\t\t\t\t produced by those pulses. This works very well for broadband few-cycle pulses, but longer, narrower\n\t\t\t\t bandwidth pulses are much more difficult to measure this way. Here we demonstrate the concept of\n\t\t\t\t self-calibrating d-scan, which extends the applicability of the d-scan technique to pulses of arbitrary\n\t\t\t\t duration, enabling their complete measurement without prior knowledge of the introduced dispersion.\n\t\t\t\t In particular, we show that the pulse compressors already employed in chirped pulse amplification (CPA)\n\t\t\t\t systems can be used to simultaneously compress and measure the temporal profile of the output pulses\n\t\t\t\t on-target in a simple way, without the need of additional diagnostics or calibrations, while at the same\n\t\t\t\t time calibrating the often-unknown differential dispersion of the compressor itself. We demonstrate\n\t\t\t\t the technique through simulations and experiments under known conditions. Finally, we apply it to the\n\t\t\t\t measurement and compression of 27.5 fs pulses from a CPA laser.
Measuring blood velocity using 4D‐DSA: A feasibility study (2018)

4D-DSA provides temporal and spatial information about blood flow and vascular geometry. This information is obtained using conventional rotational angiographic systems. In this small feasibility study, these data allowed calculations of velocity values that correlated well with measured values. The availability of velocity and blood flow information in the interventional setting would support a more quantitative approach to diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment evaluations of a variety of cerebrovascular diseases.
Sensor-assisted facial recognition (2014)

Facial recognition is a popular biometric authentica-tion technique, but it is rarely used in practice for de-vice unlock or website / app login in smartphones, alt-hough most of them are equipped with a front-facing camera. Security issues (e.g. 2D media attack and vir-tual camera attack) and ease of use are two important factors that impede the prevalence of facial authentica-tion in mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a new sensor-assisted facial authentication method to over-come these limitations. Our system uses motion and light sensors to defend against 2D media attacks and virtual camera attacks without the penalty of authenti-cation speed. We conduct experiments to validate our method. Results show 95-97% detection rate and 2-3% false alarm rate over 450 trials in real-settings, indicat-ing high security obtained by the scheme ten times faster than existing 3D facial authentications (3 sec-onds compared to 30 seconds).
A Self-contained Solar-heated Greenhouse1 (1978)

Abstract A self-contained solar-heated greenhouse was devised consisting of a quonset structure covered with 3 layers of polyethylene which serves as a solar collector. Water mist circulates between the inner 2 poly layers and the heated water is stored in a sand bed in the floor.
Context dependent vector quantization for continuous speech recognition (1993)

The authors present a method for designing a vector quantizer for speech recognition that uses decision networks constructed by examining the phonetic context to obtain models for classes in the quantizer. Diagonal Gaussian models are constructed for the vector quantizer classes at each terminal node of the network and are used to label speech parameter vectors during recognition. Experimental results indicate that this method leads to superior vector quantizers for continuous speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>