gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PARVOVIRUS B19 IN HUMAN DISEASE (1997)

Parvovirus B19, the only known human pathogenic parvovirus, is associated with a wide range of disease manifestations. In healthy individuals, the major presentation of B19 infection is erythema infectiosum. In patients with underlying hemolytic disorders, infection is the primary cause of transient aplastic crisis. In immunosuppressed patients, persistent infection may develop that presents as pure red cell aplasia and chronic anemia. In utero infection may result in hydrops fetalis or congenital anemia. Diagnosis is based on examination of bone marrow and virologic studies. Much is known of the pathophysiology of the virus, and studies are in progress to develop a vaccine to prevent this widespread infection.
Dual-order Raman pump (2003)

This letter presents the design of a dual-order Raman fiber laser to be used as a pump for distributed Raman amplification. In particular, noise figure, gain ripple, and tunability are measured and analyzed in comparison to first-order Raman amplification. The tradeoff between noise figure improvement and increased nonlinear penalty is also discussed.
Acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde react together to generate distinct protein adducts in the liver during long-term ethanol administration (1996)

Acetaldehyde and the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde malondialdehyde (MDA), are reactive compounds that are generated during ethanol metabolism in the liver, and both aldehydes have been shown to be capable of binding to proteins and forming stable adducts. Because similar concentrations of MDA and acetaldehyde can coexist in the liver during ethanol oxidation, protein adduct formation in the presence of both of these aldehydes was studied under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. When proteins were incubated in the presence of both MDA and acetaldehyde, MDA caused a marked and concentration-dependent increase in the stable binding of acetaldehyde to proteins. Maximum stimulation of binding occurred at approximately a fourfold molar excess of MDA relative to acetaldehyde when concentrations of 1.0 mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L were tested. The formation of highly fluorescent product or products was associated with the MDA stimulation of acetaldehyde binding, indicating that new and distinct products were being generated. These hybrid adducts of MDA and acetaldehyde have been designated as MAA adducts. An affinity-purified polyclonal antibody was produced that specifically recognized MAA epitopes on proteins and did not cross-react with carrier proteins or proteins modified with either acetaldehyde or MDA alone. A quantitative competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and detected the presence of MAA-modified proteins in liver cytosol from ethanol-fed rats but not in pair-fed controls. Quantification of the data from the competitive ELISA indicated the presence of approximately 75 pmoles protein-bound MAA per milligram liver cytosol proteins of the ethanol-fed animals. These results indicate that acetaldehyde and MDA can react together in a synergistic manner and generate hybrid adducts (MAA-adducts) and further suggest that MAA adducts may represent a major species of adducts formed in the liver during ethanol metabolism in vivo.
Stretchable multi-function fiber sensor for tension, bending and torsion sensing (2018)

We demonstrate a stretchable fiber-optic sensor by embedding a sinusoidal-structured fiber Bragg grating in a silicone sheet at an off-center position, which uniquely enables 30% of elongation and facilitates tension, torsion direction, and bending measurement.
Early elevation of plasma soluble CD14 subtype, a novel biomarker for sepsis, in a rabbit cecal ligation and puncture model (2008)

To reduce the mortality rates of patients with sepsis, rapid diagnosis and therapeutic decision are required. We have therefore discovered the soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST), which is specific for sepsis and is elevated at an early stage during the disease progression [1]. Additionally, we have been researching a novel fusion protein, MR1007, which consists of the modified light chain of interalpha inhibitor and the anti-CD14 antibody as an anti-sepsis agent.
Efficient gating in data association with multivariate Gaussian distributed states (1992)

An efficient algorithm for evaluating the (weighted bipartite graph of) associations between two sets of data with Gaussian error, e.g., between a set of measured state vectors and a set of estimated state vectors, is described. A general method is developed for determining, from the covariance matrix, minimal d-dimensional error ellipsoids for the state vectors which always overlap when a gating criterion is satisfied. Circumscribing boxes, or d-ranges, for the data ellipsoids are then found and whenever they overlap the association probability is computed. For efficiently determining the intersections of the d-ranges, a multidimensional search tree method is used to reduce the overall scaling of the evaluation of associations. Very few associations that lie outside the predetermined error threshold or gate are evaluated. The search method developed is a fixed Mahalanobis distance search. Empirical tests for variously distributed data in both three and eight dimensions indicate that the scaling is significantly reduced. Computational loads for many large-scale data association tasks can therefore be significantly reduced by this or related methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facilitated Transdermal Delivery by Iontophoresis (2002)

Transdermal iontophoresis may be defined as the facilitated movement of ions of soluble salts across the skin under an externally applied potential difference. It was first introduced as early as 1740 to treat arthritis, and general systemic effects of this technique were demonstrated in 1879 (1). The use of iontophoresis briefly gained momentum in the 1930s when iontophoresis was employed for the treatment of hyperhidrosis, a condition characterized by excessive sweating, and for the transport of compounds into the skin (2). In 1959, Gibson and Cooke used iontophoretic application of pilocarpine to induce sweating, and the technique has since been used for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (3). The facilitation of ion transport by the process of electrophoresis was also demonstrated by Strohl et al. (4). The use of iontophoresis in the field of dentistry has been extensively evaluated by Gangarosa and coworkers (5). It has also been much studied in the areas of dermatology (6) and has recently been extended to ophthalmology (7) and otolaryngological indications. In addition to local indications, the present approach of iontophoresis research and development for the first time is more focused toward exploiting this technique for systemic delivery of drugs, particularly the effective and controlled systemic delivery of proteins and peptide drugs (8).
Productivity of the microalga Chlorella kessleri in outdoor open thin-layer batch cultures (2000)

Chlorella kessleri was grown in batch mode in nutrient saturated cultures; nutrients were replenished daily. Mean productivities of the alga during bath growth cycles in three outdoor open thin-layer cultivation units (224 m 2 each), were evaluated by means of a simple mathematical model. Measured data comprised: daily solar energy input per 1 m 2 of growth area, culture temperature and dry matter content (d. m.) of alga in the culture. Productivity P 24 per day [g (d.m.)m -2 .24 h -1 ] was expressed in the model as P L (productivity during the light period) and a loss term for night respiration. The mean relative discrepancy between measured and calculates P 24 valus was 9.4% for the total number of 25 evaluated batch growth cycles from the two cultivation seasons. The model may be used for prediction of algal productivity under other climatic conditions for the culture system and algal strain employed.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bradykinin B<sub>1</sub>/B<sub>2</sub> and Selective B<sub>1</sub> Receptor Antagonists (2000)

We recently described a potent bradykinin B(2) receptor agonist (JMV1116) obtained by replacing the D-Tic-Oic dipeptide moiety of HOE140 by a (3S)-amino-5-(carbonylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1, 5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one (D-BT) moiety. This compound inhibited the specific binding of [(3)H]BK on membranes of CHO cells expressing the human cloned B(2) receptor with nanomolar affinity and contracted both isolated rat uterus and human umbilical vein. These data demonstrated that D-BT could be a good mimic of the Pro-Phe dipeptide. In the present study we characterized B(1) receptor antagonists containing the D-BT moiety. We prepared an analogue of compound JMV1116 deleting the C-terminal arginine residue. The resulting compound (1) had an affinity of 83 nM for the human cloned B(1) receptor. The most remarkable property of 1 is its ability to bind also the B(2) receptor with an affinity of 4.4 nM despite the absence of the C-terminal arginine residue. Modifications at the N-terminal part of 1 associated with the substitution of the thienylalanine residue by alpha-(2-indanyl)glycine resulted in analogues selectively binding to the B(1) receptor with an affinity in the picomolar range.
Synthesis of C-2–C-3-tricyclic cephalosporins (1973)

D. O. Spry, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 671 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000671
Viral Error Catastrophe by Mutagenic Nucleosides (2004)

Riboviruses and retroviruses have the highest rates of mutations of any known organism. Increasing the mutation rate of these viruses could exceed the error threshold for viability of a viral population within a host. Recent experiments with mutagenic nucleoside analogs validate this new approach to treating infection of RNA viruses. Lethal mutagenesis with HIV-infected cells in culture has been documented and has been postulated to be the mechanism for treatment of hepatitis C with ribavirin. We consider the viral dynamics involved in the formation of a quasispecies, the choice of mutagenic nucleoside analogs, and the studies that have demonstrated the feasibility of lethal mutagenesis.
Effect of an Immunomodulator on the Efficacy of an Attenuated Vaccine Against Avian Pneumovirus in Turkeys (2002)

Since 1997, avian pneumovirus (APV) has caused estimated annual losses of $15 million to the Minnesota turkey industry. In order to develop an attenuated live vaccine against APV, we serially passaged a Minnesota isolate of APV (APV/MN/turkey/1-a/97) in vitro in cell cultures for 41 passages. Laboratory experiments with this high-passage virus (P41) indicated that the attenuated virus provided immunogenic protection to turkeys against challenge with virulent APV, although some birds showed mild to moderate dinical signs after inoculation. To reduce the residual pathogenicity of P41, while maintaining its immunogenicity, we decided to vaccinate turkeys with P41 in the presence of an immunomodulator, S-28828 (1-n-butyl-2-ethoxymethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine-hydrochloride), which is a potent cytokine inducer. The combined inoculation of S-28828 (5 mg/kg body weight) and P41 resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of virus-induced clinical signs in comparison with birds that received P41 without immunomodulator (P < 0.05). Only 17% of birds inoculated with S-28828 + APV P41 showed mild respiratory symptoms at 5 days postinoculation as compared with 46% of the vaccinated turkeys that did not receive S-28828. Vaccination with either P41 or with P41 + S-28828 protected turkeys against dinical signs and viral replication after challenge with virulent APV. These results indicate that immunomodulators, such as S-28828, may act as good vaccine adjuvants that can reduce the pathogenicity but maintain the immunogenicity of partially attenuated vaccines.
Using Session Modeling to Estimate HTTP-Based Video QoE Metrics From Encrypted Network Traffic (2019)

Understanding the user-perceived quality of experience (QoE) of HTTP-based video has become critical for content providers, distributors, and network operators. For network operators, monitoring QoE is challenging due to lack of access to video streaming applications, user devices, or servers. Thus, network operators need to rely on the network traffic to infer key metrics that influence video QoE. Furthermore, with content providers increasingly encrypting the network traffic, the task of QoE inference from passive measurements has become even more challenging. In this paper, we present a methodology called eMIMIC that uses passive network measurements to estimate key video QoE metrics for encrypted HTTP-based adaptive streaming (HAS) sessions. eMIMIC uses packet headers from network traffic to model an HAS session and estimate video QoE metrics, such as average bitrate and re-buffering ratio. We evaluate our methodology using network traces from a variety of realistic conditions and ground truth collected using a lab testbed for video sessions from three popular services, two video on demand (VoD) and one Live. eMIMIC estimates re-buffering ratio within 1% point of ground truth for up to 75% sessions in VoD (80% in Live) and average bitrate with error under 100 Kb/s for up to 80% sessions in VoD (70% in Live). We also compare eMIMIC with recently proposed machine learning-based QoE estimation methodology. We show that eMIMIC can predict average bitrate with 2.8%-3.2% higher accuracy and re-buffering ratio with 9.8%-24.8% higher accuracy without requiring any training on ground truth QoE metrics. Finally, we show that eMIMIC can estimate real-time QoE metrics with at least 89.6% accuracy in identifying buffer occupancy state and at least 85.7% accuracy in identifying average bitrate class of recently downloaded chunks.
New Crystallization Systems Envisioned for Microgravity Studies (1998)

Laboratory-based systems have been constructed to demonstrate two methods which will allow for dynamic control of protein-crystal growth. The technologies developed in these systems will be incorporated into future flight hardware for use in microgravity studies. The first method uses a precisely controlled vapor-diffusion approach to monitor and control protein crystal growth. This approach utilizes a humidity sensor and various interfaces under computer control to effect virtually any evaporation rate from up to 40 different growth solutions simultaneously. A static laser-light-scattering sensor can be used to detect aggregation events and trigger a change in the evaporation rate for a growth solution. The second method exploits the varying solubility of proteins versus temperature to control the growth of protein crystals. This approach utilizes miniature thermoelectric devices under microcomputer control which change temperature as needed to grow crystals of a given protein. Complex temperature ramps are possible using this approach. A static laser-light-scattering probe is also included in this system as a noninvasive probe for detection of aggregation events. The systems constructed demonstrate significant advances in the ability of researchers to gain control of the protein-crystal growth process and will provide tremendous opportunities for microgravity research.
Hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters to fatty alcohols at supercritical conditions (1999)

Abstract Extremely rapid hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to fatty alcohols (FOH) occurs when the reaction is conducted in a substantially homogeneous supercritical phase, using propane as a solvent, over a solid catalyst. At these conditions, the limitations of hydrogen transport are eliminated. At temperatures above 240°C, complete conversion of the starting material was reached at residence times of 2 to 3 s, which is several orders of magnitude shorter than reported in the literature. Furthermore, formation of by‐products, i.e., hydrocarbons, could be prevented by choosing the right process settings. Hydrogen concentration turned out to be the key parameter for achieving the above two goals. As a result of the supercritical conditions, we could control the hydrogen concentration at the catalyst surface independently of the other process parameters. When methylated rapeseed oil was used as a substrate, the hydrogenation catalyst was deactivated rapidly. However, by using methylated sunflower oil, a catalyst life similar to that obtained in industrial processes was achieved. Our results showed that the hydrogenation of FAME to FOH at supercritical conditions is a much more efficient method than any other published process.
An Optical Fiber Heterodyne Interferometry Displacement Sensor (2nd Report) (1992)

The purpose of the study is to develop an optical non-contact displacement sensor which has the following characteristics; (1)direct measurement of rough surfaces, (2)high accuracy, (3)large measurement range, and (4)high follow-up speed. In the previous paper, a laser diode herterodyne interferometry sensor was introduced and its accuracy and measurement range were reported. This paper discusses the follow-up speed of the sensor. It is theoretically analyzed and experimentally proved that the following speed can be heightened by the increase of the modulation frequency and by the detection of a higher order harmonic component of the beat signal.
Small conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐activated K<sup>+</sup> channels and calmodulin (2003)

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK channels) contribute to the long lasting afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that follows an action potential in many central neurones. The biophysical and pharmacological attributes of cloned SK channels strongly suggest that one or more of them underlie the medium component of the AHP that regulates interspike interval and plays an important role in setting tonic firing frequency. The cloned SK channels comprise a distinct subfamily of K(+) channels. Heterologously expressed SK channels recapitulate the biophysical and pharmacological hallmarks of native SK channels, being gated solely by intracellular Ca(2+) ions with no voltage dependence to their gating, small unitary conductance values and sensitivity to the bee venom peptide toxin, apamin. Molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological studies have revealed that Ca(2+) gating in SK channels is due to heteromeric assembly of the SK alpha pore-forming subunits with calmodulin (CaM). Ca(2+) binding to the N-terminal E-F hands of CaM is responsible for SK channel gating. Crystallographic studies suggest that SK channels gate as a dimer-of-dimers, and that the physical gate of SK channels resides at or near the selectivity filter of the channels. In addition, Ca(2+)-independent interactions between the SK channel alpha subunits and CaM are necessary for proper membrane trafficking.
Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution with an extended degree of freedom (2006)

Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (DPS-QKD) with an extended degree of freedom of measurement is proposed. Extending the degree of freedom makes it possible to strengthen the DPS-QKD scheme against intercept-and-resend attacks. The feasibility of this idea is experimentally demonstrated.
Systematic Evaluation of Shale Play by Introducing Integration of Inversion Geophysics, Petroleum System and Reservoir Simulation Workflows (2017)

Abstract Recent focus in exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons like shale gas and shale oil have brought numerous exploration and production challenges worldwide. Unconventional exploration of hydrocarbons, over the past decade has seen a lot of improvement in use of multi domain technology like inversion geophysics, petroleum systems modeling, reservoir characterization, fracture geomechanics and production stimulation. However, identification of sweet spot for drilling wells is one aspect of the unconventionals, production of hydrocarbon is another major challenge which industry faces. Due to lack of integrated studies, a well drilled in a shale reservoir can end up in producing little or no hydrocarbons, or can have rapid decline rate of hydrocarbon production. Till date no attempt has been made to combine inversion geophysics, petroleum system modeling, fracture geomechanics and production optimization to make an integrated earth model, which can predict the sweet spots and help in predicting production optimization scenarios in shale reservoirs. In this study, an integrated workflow has been developed, which combines all three domains (Inversion Geophysics, Petroleum System Modeling & Reservoir Engineering) in a systematic manner, which can help in robust exploitation of sweet spots to generate optimum production profile which is economically most viable. In addition to the novelty of integrating seismic, basin modelling and reservoir engineering; this invention involves optimized hydraulic fracture (HF) design and production performance generated from an unstructured grid. Combination of hydraulic fracture optimization on an unstructured grid with sweet spot and natural fracture propagation by seismic inversion and basin modelling workflow, further strengthens the novelty of the workflow.
Synthesis, Functionalization, and Characterization of Fusogenic Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Oligonucleotide Delivery (2019)

With the advent of gene therapy, the development of an effective in vivo nucleotide-payload delivery system has become of parallel import. Fusogenic porous silicon nanoparticles (F-pSiNPs) have recently demonstrated high in vivo gene silencing efficacy due to its high oligonucleotide loading capacity and unique cellular uptake pathway that avoids endocytosis. The synthesis of F-pSiNPs is a multi-step process that includes: (1) loading and sealing of oligonucleotide payloads in the silicon pores; (2) simultaneous coating and sizing of fusogenic lipids around the porous silicon cores; and (3) conjugation of targeting peptides and washing to remove excess oligonucleotide, silicon debris, and peptide. The particle's size uniformity is characterized by dynamic light scattering, and its core-shell structure may be verified by transmission electron microscopy. The fusogenic uptake is validated by loading a lipophilic dye, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), into the fusogenic lipid bilayer and treating it to cells in vitro to observe for plasma membrane staining versus endocytic localizations. The targeting and in vivo gene silencing efficacies were previously quantified in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, in which the targeting peptide is expected to help the F-pSiNPs to home to the site of infection. Beyond its application in S. aureus infection, the F-pSiNP system may be used to deliver any oligonucleotide for gene therapy of a wide range of diseases, including viral infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.