gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bubble execution (2018)

Enabling interactive data exploration at cloud scale requires minimizing end-to-end query execution latency, while guaranteeing fault tolerance, and query execution under resource-constraints. Typically, such a query execution involves orchestrating the execution of hundreds or thousands of related tasks on cloud scale clusters. Without any resource constraints, all query tasks can be scheduled to execute simultaneously (gang scheduling) while connected tasks stream data between them. When the data size referenced by a query increases, gang scheduling may be resource-wasteful or un-satisfiable with a limited, per-query resource budget. This paper introduces B ubble E xecution , a new query processing framework for interactive workloads at cloud scale, that balances cost-based query optimization, fault tolerance, optimal resource management, and execution orchestration. Bubble execution involves dividing a query execution graph into a collection of query sub-graphs (bubbles), and scheduling them within a per-query resource budget. The query operators (tasks) inside a bubble stream data between them while fault tolerance is handled by persisting temporary results at bubble boundaries. Our implementation enhances our JetScope service, for interactive workloads, deployed in production clusters at Microsoft. Experiments with TPC-H queries show that bubble execution can reduce resource usage significantly in the presence of failures while maintaining performance competitive with gang execution.
Kinetics and Magnitude of Antibody Responses against the Conserved 47-Kilodalton Antigen and the Variable 56-Kilodalton Antigen in Scrub Typhus Patients (2011)

Western blot analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi whole-cell lysates with scrub typhus patient sera has identified at least five protein antigens of O. tsutsugamushi with molecular sizes of 22 kDa, 47 kDa, 56 kDa, 58 kDa, and 110 kDa. In this study, sera from serial bleedings of 108 patients were used to study the kinetics and the magnitude of specific antibody responses against the 47-kDa and 56-kDa antigens. Recombinant protein of the conserved 47-kDa antigen (r47b) or a mixture of truncated 56-kDa antigen (r56s) from three prototype strains was used as the antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that 76% and 93% of these patients had elevated IgM and IgG against r47b, respectively, and 98% and 100% had elevated IgM and IgG against r56s, respectively. The kinetics of antibody responses against r47b and r56s can be grouped into three patterns. In the first type of response, IgM and IgG against r47b and r56s appeared about the same time. The IgM and IgG titers against r56s were much higher than those against r47b. In the second type of response, induction of IgM appeared to be similar to that in the first type. The major difference to the first type is that the IgG titers against r47b were induced at least 1 week later than those against the r56s. The third type showed strong IgG responses against both r47b and r56s, and low or no IgM responses indicated a secondary infection. This is the first systematic investigation of antibody response kinetics against the conserved 47-kDa antigen versus the variable 56-kDa antigen in scrub typhus patients.
Multiarm Star Polyisobutylenes (1997)

The synthesis and characterization of novel multi-arm stars comprising polyisobutylene (PIB) arms connected to various cyclo-siloxane cores are described. The syntheses have been achieved by hydrosilating allyl- or isopropenyl-capped PIB with cyclosiloxanes carrying 6 or 8 Si-H groups. The products were characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and GPC equipped with refractive index and laser light scattering detectors. The stars with close to the expected structures can be obtained under carefully controlled polymerization conditions. Traces of water in the charge may give higher-order stars by starstar coupling, however, this byproduct can be eliminated by the use of allyl-capped PIB and/or high [C=C]/[Si-H] ratios.
A depth encoding in multicrystal detector for PET (2002)

A detector unit having a depth encoding scheme was designed and an experimental study has been performed to test the new idea for a positron camera detector. The detector unit consists of a multistage rectangular block of scintillation crystals optically coupled at the bottom face to four photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in a 2/spl times/2 array or to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube. Each stage of the crystal block consists of four elements in a 2/spl times/2 array. Each scintillation event is mapped in a two dimensional (2D) distribution through the relative ratio of the output signals of the PMTs. Three dimensional location in the detector unit projects into the 2D map so that four top crystals correspond to four innermost regions in the map, and the four bottom crystals facing the PMTs correspond to four outermost regions. With appropriate light control in such a crystal block of Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce coupled to four PMTs, good positioning performance to encode the depth-of-interaction was obtained for Cs-137 gamma-rays incidence.
Single photon spectrometer for high speed detection of multi-color fluorescence radiation (2008)

This paper describes design of the new sensor system for fluorescence detection applications. Based on single photon detection technique proposed system has unique combination of characteristics - high detection speed and wide linearity dynamic range.
Probabilistic Two-Level Anomaly Detection for Correlated Systems (2014)

We propose a novel probabilistic semi-supervised anomaly detection framework for multi-dimensional systems with high correlation among variables. Our method is able to identify both abnormal instances and abnormal variables of an instance.
DFA Asphaltene Gradients for Assessing Connectivity in Reservoirs under Active Gas Charging (2011)

Abstract Identification of reservoir compartmentalization, quantification of flow connectivity, and assessment of compositional gradients are critical for optimal reservoir characterization, production, and management, especially in deepwater developments. Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) provides a useful tool to measure composition, gas/oil ratio (GOR), density, and color (linearly associated with asphaltene content). In particular, DFA is the method of choice to measure gradients of reservoir fluids vertically and laterally. Based on DFA measurements and advanced asphaltene science, a new modified Flory-Huggins regular solution model that has been referred to as the Flory-Huggins-Zuo EOS has successfully been developed and used to delineate reservoir connectivity recently. It provides the industry's first predictive asphaltene grading equation of state (EOS) and has proven reliable to predict connectivity in equilibrated oil columns. The theory shows that asphaltene gradients can be large owing to both the gravity term and GOR gradients. In this case study, we demonstrate that the methodology for equilibrated reservoirs can be extended to nonequilibrium oil columns. We employ the new asphaltene Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EOS for a reservoir currently undergoing active charging of biogenic gas. Isotope analysis shows that the biogenic methane is not equilibrated in this column. Nevertheless, the local asphaltene concentration within the column is shown to be equilibrated with the local GOR value and gradient. Based on the properties computed by the Peng-Robinson EOS with methane influx, the FHZ EOS for asphaltenes - originally formulated for equilibrium columns - may also be used to model the asphaltene (color) gradient in this nonequilibrium oil column. The obtained 2-nm asphaltene diameter is also consistent with field and laboratory data and is part of the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltene science (size of asphaltene nanoaggregates). This methodology establishes a powerful new approach for conducting DFA color grading analysis by coupling the Yen-Mullins model, and the FHZ EOS with DFA to address reservoir connectivity in reservoirs under active gas charging.
ProCMotive (2018)

In recent years, numerous vehicular technologies, e.g., cruise control and steering assistant, have been proposed and deployed to improve the driving experience, passenger safety, and vehicle performance. Despite the existence of several novel vehicular applications in the literature, there still exists a significant gap between resources needed for a variety of vehicular (in particular, data-dominant, latency-sensitive, and computationally-heavy) applications and the capabilities of already-in-market vehicles. To address this gap, different smartphone-/Cloud-based approaches have been proposed that utilize the external computational/storage resources to enable new applications. However, their acceptance and application domain are still very limited due to programmability, wireless connectivity, and performance limitations, along with several security/privacy concerns. In this paper, we present a novel reference architecture that can potentially enable rapid development of various vehicular applications while addressing shortcomings of smartphone-/Cloud-based approaches. The architecture is formed around a core component, called SmartCore, a privacy/security-friendly programmable dongle that brings general-purpose computational and storage resources to the vehicle and hosts in-vehicle applications. Based on the proposed architecture, we develop an application development framework for vehicles, that we call ProCMotive. ProCMotive enables developers to build customized vehicular applications along the Cloud-to-edge continuum, i.e., different functions of an application can be distributed across SmartCore, the user's personal devices, and the Cloud. In order to highlight potential benefits that the framework provides, we design and develop two different vehicular applications based on ProCMotive, namely, Amber Response and Insurance Monitor. We evaluate these applications using real-world data and compare them with state-of-the-art technologies.
Label-free mapping of single bacterial cells using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2016)

Here we presented a simple, rapid and label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based mapping method for the detection and discrimination of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli on silver dendrites. The sample preparation was first optimized to maximize sensitivity. The mapping method was then used to scan through the bacterial cells adsorbed on the surface of silver dendrites. The intrinsic and distinct SERS signals of bacterial cells were used as the basis for label-free detection and discrimination. The results show the developed method is able to detect single bacterial cells adsorbed on the silver dendrites with a limit of detection as low as 10(4) CFU mL(-1), which is two orders of magnitude lower than the traditional SERS method under the same experimental condition. The time needed for collecting a 225 points map was approximately 24 minutes. Moreover, the developed SERS mapping method can realize simultaneous detection and identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica BAA1045 and Escherichia coli BL21 from a mixture sample using principle component analysis. Our results demonstrate the great potential of the label-free SERS mapping method to detect, identify and quantify bacteria and bacterial mixtures simultaneously.
22.7 An inductively-coupled wireless power-transfer system that is immune to distance and load variations (2017)

Biomedical implants are often powered by an external source via an inductively-coupled wireless power link. During actual use the distance between the external and implant coils may change, their axes may misalign, and the load current may change significantly in implants that alternate between monitoring and stimulation. Ideally the wireless power link should deliver a stable voltage to the implant across reasonable ranges of these variations, thereby eliminating a lossy voltage limiter and alignment magnets. We present the analysis and design of a new link architecture to meet all these objectives. It stands apart from similar work in that this link self-regulates against all variations, with no need for a reverse channel.
Oxygen‐Assisted Hydrogenation of Jatropha‐Oil‐Derived Biodiesel Fuel over an Alumina‐Supported Palladium Catalyst To Produce Hydrotreated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters for High‐Blend Fuels (2017)

Abstract The partial hydrogenation of jatropha–oil–derived biodiesel fuel (BDF) with a high degree of unsaturated fatty acid tails was successfully performed on an alumina‐supported palladium catalyst, denoted Pd/γ‐Al 2 O 3 , under mild conditions (100 °C and 0.5 MPa) to produce hydrotreated fatty acid methyl esters (H‐FAMEs) enriched in monounsaturated components. Trace amounts of peroxides contained in the oil feedstock or the co‐feeding of proper amounts of molecular oxygen (400–1500 ppm) resulted in enhanced activity and durability of Pd/γ‐Al 2 O 3 . The produced H‐FAMEs exhibited significantly improved oxidation stability and uncompromised cold‐flow properties, and they can serve as an excellent source of high‐quality BDFs, particularly for high‐blend fuels.
Aspheric Measurement Using Phase-Shifting Interferometry (1987)

Aspheric optical surfaces are difficult to test because these surfaces generally depart too much from a sphere for a conventional interferometer to resolve the interference fringes and allow reconstruction of the test surface. A large number of detector points can provide a brute force approach to measuring these surfaces. More elegant techniques such as using multiple wavelengths or a priori information about the wavefront can enable wavefront reconstruction.<sup>1-3</sup> Once the necessary information has been detected, corrections are needed to account for the propagation of aberrations through the optical system from the test surface to the detector. Combining fringe analysis with lens design software will allow this correction to take place. This paper examines these techniques, and compares them to currently utilized techniques.
Blind spatial interference suppression of DS-CDMA with long spreading sequences (2002)

We develop two new algorithms for adaptive antenna array beamforming using DS-CDMA with long spreading codes. While it is assumed that the spreading code and timing for the desired user are known, the adaptation is blind, in that the symbols sent by the desired user are not known. The receiver implements temporal matched filtering (by despreading with respect to the desired user's spreading waveform) and spatial linear MMSE correlation (after first estimating the desired user's array response). Our first algorithm blindly estimates the array response of the desired user by computing the fourth order cumulant after despreading using the desired user's spreading waveform. This and other more complicated algorithms based on higher order statistics (HOS) are not found to be competitive with state of the art blind algorithms based on second order statistics (SOS). Our second algorithm, whose performance is superior to the state of the art, is based on SOS, and exploits a novel interpretation of long spreading codes as a system with a known training sequence at the chip rate (the desired user's spreading sequence), with the unknown transmitted symbols playing the role of a time varying gain that is piecewise constant.
Metal–Organic–Inorganic Nanocomposite Thermal Interface Materials with Ultralow Thermal Resistances (2017)

As electronic devices get smaller and more powerful, energy density of energy storage devices increases continuously, and moving components of machinery operate at higher speeds, the need for better thermal management strategies is becoming increasingly important. The removal of heat dissipated during the operation of electronic, electrochemical, and mechanical devices is facilitated by high-performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) which are utilized to couple devices to heat sinks. Herein, we report a new class of TIMs involving the chemical integration of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), soft organic linkers, and a copper matrix-which are prepared by the chemisorption-coupled electrodeposition approach. These hybrid nanocomposites demonstrate bulk thermal conductivities ranging from 211 to 277 W/(m K), which are very high considering their relatively low elastic modulus values on the order of 21.2-28.5 GPa. The synergistic combination of these properties led to the ultralow total thermal resistivity values in the range of 0.38-0.56 mm<sup>2</sup> K/W for a typical bond-line thickness of 30-50 μm, advancing the current state-of-art transformatively. Moreover, its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is 11 ppm/K, forming a mediation zone with a low thermally induced axial stress due to its close proximity to the CTE of most coupling surfaces needing thermal management.
Frequency demodulation for detecting mechanical faults with impulsive vibration signatures (2011)

This paper presents a frequency demodulation approach to detect machinery fault with impulsive signatures. Following frequency demodulation, amplitude demodulation and spectral analysis can effectively reveal the existence of fault. The measured vibration signal is initially transformed using the Teager Energy Operator which simultaneously implements amplitude and frequency demodulations. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated using the experimental data acquired from a mechanical system working on an AC motor with a faulty inner race bearing.
New Cytotoxic Monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous Acetogenins from <i>Annona </i><i>m</i><i>uricata</i> (2002)

Three new monotetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins, muricin H (1), muricin I (2), and cis-annomontacin (3), along with five known acetogenins, annonacin, annonacinone, annomontacin, murisolin, and xylomaticin, were isolated from the seeds of Annona muricata. Additionally, two new monotetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins, cis-corossolone (4) and annocatalin (5), together with four known ones, annonacin, annonacinone, solamin, and corossolone, were isolated from the leaves of this species. The structures of all new isolates were elucidated and characterized by spectral and chemical methods. These new acetogenins exhibited significant activity in in vitro cytotoxic assays against two human hepatoma cell lines, Hep G(2) and 2,2,15. Compound 5 showed a high selectivity toward the Hep 2,2,15 cell line.
Optimal Timing of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage (2016)

We recently showed that intraventricular transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly attenuated posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and brain injury after severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in newborn rat pups. The purpose of this study was to optimize the timing of MSC transplantation for severe IVH. Severe IVH was induced by injecting 100 µl of blood into each ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats on postnatal day 4 (P4). Human UCB-derived MSCs (1 × 10(5) cells in 10 µl of normal saline) were transplanted intraventricularly under stereotaxic guidance either early at P6 or late at P11. Serial brain MRIs and behavioral function tests, such as negative geotaxis and rotarod tests, were performed. At P32, brain tissue samples were obtained for histological and biochemical analyses. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of MSCs significantly attenuated the development of PHH, behavioral impairment, increased apoptosis and astrogliosis, reduced corpus callosum thickness and brain myelination, and upregulated inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) at P6 but not at P11 after induction of severe IVH. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of human UCB-derived MSCs attenuated PHH and brain injury after severe IVH in newborn rats in a time-dependent manner. Significant neuroprotection was only demonstrated when administered early at 2 days after induction but not late at 7 days after induction of severe IVH.
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid, a Bile Acid, Promotes Blood Vessel Repair by Recruiting Vasculogenic Progenitor Cells (2014)

Although serum bile acid concentrations are approximately 10 µM in healthy subjects, the crosstalk between the biliary system and vascular repair has never been investigated. In this study, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) induced dissociation of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from stromal cells by reducing adhesion molecule expression. TUDCA increased CD34(+) /Sca1(+) progenitors in mice peripheral blood (PB), and CD34(+) , CD31(+) , and c-kit(+) progenitors in human PB. In addition, TUDCA increased differentiation of CD34(+) HSCs into EPC lineage cells via Akt activation. EPC invasion was increased by TUDCA, which was mediated by fibroblast activating protein via Akt activation. Interestingly, TUDCA induced integration of EPCs into human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by increasing adhesion molecule expression. In the mouse hind limb ischemia model, TUDCA promoted blood perfusion by enhancing angiogenesis through recruitment of Flk-1(+) /CD34(+) and Sca-1(+) /c-kit(+) progenitors into damaged tissue. In GFP(+) bone marrow-transplanted hind limb ischemia, TUDCA induced recruitment of GFP(+) /c-kit(+) progenitors to the ischemic area, resulting in an increased blood perfusion ratio. Histological analysis suggested that GFP(+) progenitors mobilized from bone marrow, integrated into blood vessels, and differentiated into VEGFR(+) cells. In addition, TUDCA decreased cellular senescence by reducing levels of p53, p21, and reactive oxygen species and increased nitric oxide. Transplantation of TUDCA-primed senescent EPCs in hind limb ischemia significantly improved blood vessel regeneration, as compared with senescent EPCs. Our results suggested that TUDCA promoted neovascularization by enhancing the mobilization of stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow, their differentiation into EPCs, and their integration with preexisting endothelial cells.
Plant-based oral tolerance to hemophilia therapy employs a complex immune regulatory response including LAP+CD4+ T cells (2015)

Coagulation factor replacement therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia is severely complicated by antibody ("inhibitor") formation. We previously found that oral delivery to hemophilic mice of cholera toxin B subunit-coagulation factor fusion proteins expressed in chloroplasts of transgenic plants suppressed inhibitor formation directed against factors VIII and IX and anaphylaxis against factor IX (FIX). This observation and the relatively high concentration of antigen in the chloroplasts prompted us to evaluate the underlying tolerance mechanisms. The combination of oral delivery of bioencapsulated FIX and intravenous replacement therapy induced a complex, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent, antigen-specific systemic immune suppression of pathogenic antibody formation (immunoglobulin [Ig] 1/inhibitors, IgE) in hemophilia B mice. Tolerance induction was also successful in preimmune mice but required prolonged oral delivery once replacement therapy was resumed. Orally delivered antigen, initially targeted to epithelial cells, was taken up by dendritic cells throughout the small intestine and additionally by F4/80(+) cells in the duodenum. Consistent with the immunomodulatory responses, frequencies of tolerogenic CD103(+) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were increased. Ultimately, latency-associated peptide expressing CD4(+) regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(-)LAP(+) cells with upregulated IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression) as well as conventional CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells systemically suppressed anti-FIX responses.