gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherent laser radar at 1.06 μm (1986)

Coherent laser radar systems based on solid-state laser materials are receiving increased interest for three reasons. First, the high-energy output per unit volume of solid-state lasers is well established. Second, the advent of laser-diode pumping promises increased efficiency and solid-state reliability. Third, the improved spatial resolution possible with shorter wavelengths of solid-state lasers (compared with CO2 lasers) may be necessary in some advanced applications. Components developed for optical communications, such as efficient photodiodes and single-mode fiber, are easily adapted for remote sensing. The special requirement of remote sensing is for high-power single-mode lasers of controllable frequency.
The use of elevated column temperature to extend DNA sequencing read lengths in capillary electrophoresis with replaceable polymer matrices (1996)

Capillary electrophoresis with a replaceable linear polyacrylamide matrix operated at elevated column temperatures of 55 degrees and 60 degrees C was used to extend the separation of DNA sequencing fragments to lengths greater than 800 bases. A solid-state heater was employed to provide stable, uniform temperature control over a significant portion of the capillary. The polymer matrix, 3% w/v linear polyacrylamide in a denaturing buffer, was replaced in the capillary after each run. Using dye-labeled primers and Sequenase chemistry on an M13mp18 single-stranded template, four-color separations for the sequencing products were obtained, with read lengths in excess of 800 bases. This paper also briefly discusses the effects of buffer denaturants and capillary temperature on separation speed, resolution, and gel compression.
Cross-linked ROMP polymers based on odourless dicyclopentadiene derivatives (2016)

Hydroxydicyclopentadiene (DCPD-OH) and some ester and ether derivatives were synthesized and used for the first time as ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) monomers to create cross-linked thermoset polymers with Ru-catalysts.
Development of chimpanzee adenoviruses as vaccine vectors: challenges and successes emerging from clinical trials (2013)

Replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus vectors are emerging as a promising new class of genetic vaccine carriers. Chimpanzee adenovirus vectors have now reached the clinical stage and appear to be endowed with all the properties needed for human vaccine development, including high quality and magnitude of the immune response induced against the encoded antigens, good safety and ease of manufacturing on a large-scale basis. Here the authors review the recent findings of this novel class of adenovirus vectors and compare their properties to other clinical stage vaccine vectors derived from poxvirus, alphavirus and human adenovirus.
Interband Cascade Lasers With Low Threshold Powers and High Output Powers (2013)

The midwave infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) can operate at threshold power densities 30 times lower than those of the quantum cascade laser. This is ultimately attributable to the much longer interband carrier lifetime, rather than to specifics of the cavity dimensions and mirror reflectivities. The ICL is therefore an attractive candidate for insertion into the portable, battery-powered chemical sensors now being developed for this spectral region. We review the characteristics of ICLs operating at wavelengths from 2.9 to 5.5 μm, and show that their Auger coefficients vary by less than a factor of 3 throughout this range. Consequently, the ICL performance degrades only modestly with increasing wavelength. We report that an epitaxial-side-down-mounted ICL ridge of width 30 μm and λ = 3.7 μm emits more than 300 mW of continuous wave (CW) output power at room temperature with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ≤ 3.1. A distributed-feedback ICL with a fourth-order grating etched into its corrugated sidewalls produces 55 mW of CW power in a single spectral mode at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> = 25 °C.
Boron neutron capture therapy: from physics to treatment (1997)

For successful application of boron neutron capture therapy for treatment of cancer, it is required that the tumor receives a higher radiation dose than the surrounding healthy tissue. This is achieved by the use of appropriate boron compounds with selective accumulation or retention, and the subsequent irradiation with neutrons of suitable characteristics. The basics of these two requirement are given, and the implementation in clinical trials is discussed.
A Ring-Oscillator-Based Wide Locking Range Frequency Divider (2006)

This letter proposes a wide locking range injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) and describes the operation principle of the ILFD. The circuit is made of a dual band two-stage differential complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ring oscillator and is based on MOS switches directly coupled to the differential outputs of the ring oscillator. The divide-by-two ILFD can provide wide locking range and the measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 1.8-V, the divider free-running frequencies are 1.36GHz and 2.3GHz, and at the incident power of 0dBm, the locking range is about 1.75GHz from the incident frequency 1.9GHz to 3.65GHz at low band and 2.55GHz from 2.95GHz to 5.5GHz at high band
Iterated Virtual Screening-Assisted Antiviral and Enzyme Inhibition Assays Reveal the Discovery of Novel Promising Anti-SARS-CoV-2 with Dual Activity (2021)

Unfortunately, COVID-19 is still a threat to humankind and has a dramatic impact on human health, social life, the world economy, and food security. With the limited number of suggested therapies under clinical trials, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents is essential. Here, a previously identified anti-SARS-CoV-2 compound named <b>Compound 13</b> (1,2,5-Oxadiazole-3-carboximidic acid, 4,4'-(methylenediimino) bis,bis[[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide) was subjected to an iterated virtual screening against SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> using a combination of Ligand Designer and PathFinder. PathFinder, a computational reaction enumeration tool, was used for the rapid generation of enumerated structures via default reaction library. Ligand designer was employed for the computerized lead optimization and selection of the best structural modification that resulted in a favorable ligand-protein complex. The obtained compounds that showed the best binding to M<sup>pro</sup> were re-screened against TMPRSS2, leading to the identification of 20 shared compounds. The compounds were further visually inspected, which resulted in the identification of five shared compounds <b>M1-5</b> with dual binding affinity. In vitro evaluation and enzyme inhibition assay indicated that <b>M3</b>, an analogue of <b>Compound 13</b> afforded by replacing the phenolic moiety with pyridinyl, possesses an improved antiviral activity and safety. <b>M3</b> displayed in vitro antiviral activity with IC<sub>50</sub> 0.016 µM and M<sup>pro</sup> inhibition activity with IC<sub>50</sub> 0.013 µM, 7-fold more potent than the parent <b>Compound 13</b> and potent than the antivirals drugs that are currently under clinical trials. Moreover, <b>M3</b> showed potent activity against human TMPRSS2 and furin enzymes with IC<sub>50</sub> 0.05, and 0.08 µM, respectively. Molecular docking, WaterMap analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and R-group analysis confirmed the superiority of the binding fit to <b>M3</b> with the target enzymes. WaterMap analysis calculated the thermodynamic properties of the hydration site in the binding pocket that significantly affects the biological activity. Loading <b>M3</b> on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) increased the antiviral activity of the compound 1.5-fold, while maintaining a higher safety profile. In conclusion, lead optimized discovery following an iterated virtual screening in association with molecular docking and biological evaluation revealed a novel compound named <b>M3</b> with promising dual activity against SARS-CoV-2. The compound deserves further investigation for potential clinical-based studies.
A New Operational Tests Circuit for Testing &#x0B1;660kV UHVDC Thyristor Valves (2010)

Operational test is an important measure which can guarantee safe and stable operation of UHVDC thyristor valves. HVDC thyristor modules can be performed either in a six-pulse back-to-back test circuit or in a synthetic test circuit. UHVDC thyristor valves have a high power rating and are difficult to test in a back-to-back test circuit. A synthetic test circuit can reach a high capacity with few installed capacity. This paper introduces a new synthetic circuit which can present the practical stress of ultrahigh voltage direct current (UHVDC) thyristor valves. Effective tests verify the circuit was successful.
Clec11a/osteolectin is an osteogenic growth factor that promotes the maintenance of the adult skeleton (2016)

Bone marrow stromal cells maintain the adult skeleton by forming osteoblasts throughout life that regenerate bone and repair fractures. We discovered that subsets of these stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and hypertrophic chondrocytes secrete a C-type lectin domain protein, Clec11a, which promotes osteogenesis. <i>Clec11a</i>-deficient mice appeared developmentally normal and had normal hematopoiesis but reduced limb and vertebral bone. <i>Clec11a</i>-deficient mice exhibited accelerated bone loss during aging, reduced bone strength, and delayed fracture healing. Bone marrow stromal cells from <i>Clec11a</i>-deficient mice showed impaired osteogenic differentiation, but normal adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Recombinant Clec11a promoted osteogenesis by stromal cells in culture and increased bone mass in osteoporotic mice in vivo. Recombinant human Clec11a promoted osteogenesis by human bone marrow stromal cells in culture and in vivo. Clec11a thus maintains the adult skeleton by promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors into mature osteoblasts. In light of this, we propose to call this factor Osteolectin.
Whitening paradigms revisited: introduction of a thin and concentrated peroxide gel technology for professional tooth whitening. (2004)

The introduction of hydrogen-peroxide whitening strips in 2000 contributed to new paradigms for treatment and expanded interest in tooth whitening. Further research on peroxide gels has resulted in a professional-only whitening system (Crest Whitestrips Supreme), a thin 14% hydrogen-peroxide gel on an easy-to-use whitening strip. Characterized as a two variable change (increased peroxide concentration and decreased gel thickness), this professional whitening strip is designed to meet contemporary expectations of better, easier, and faster whitening. These novel strips represent yet another shift in conventional thinking on tooth whitening, combining the efficiencies of strip delivery with thin gel technology to yield a highly effective professional whitening system.
Retiming for Delay Recovery After DfT Insertion on Interdie Paths in 3-D ICs (2014)

Pre-bond known-good-die (KGD) test is necessary to ensure stack yield for the future adoption of 3-D integrated circuits. Die wrappers that contain boundary registers at the interface between dies have been proposed as a solution for KGD test. It has been shown in the literature that if gated scan flops (GSFs) are substituted for traditional scan flops in the boundary register, then both pre-bond through-silicon-via (TSV) and pre-bond scan test can be performed. The drawback of die wrappers is that two clocked stages are added to each path that crosses a die boundary. In this paper, a bypass mode is added to GSFs to avoid the extra clock stages and retiming is used to recover the additional delay added to TSV paths by design-for-test insertion. Retiming is performed at both die and stack level, and a logic redistribution is proposed to improve the results of die-level retiming. The proposed methods are evaluated through simulations using two logic-on-logic 3-D benchmarks and one modular processor partitioned between two dies. Results show that in most cases, retiming at both the die-level and stack-level is sufficient for recovering the delay added by wrapper boundary cells in cores where all logic and dies are unfixed. Stuck-at ATPG is performed to demonstrate that wrapper insertion and retiming have little impact on pattern count. The area overhead due to wrapper insertion is shown to increase as a circuit is partitioned across an increasing number of stack layers, but the area overhead can be reduced using retiming.
Fluorimetric lead detection in a microfluidic device (2009)

A microfabricated device has been developed for the selective detection of lead in water. It is based on the use of a selective and sensitive fluorescent molecular sensor for lead (Calix-DANS4) which contains a calix[4]arene bearing four dansyl groups. The microchip-based lead sensor contains a Y-shape microchannel equipped with a passive mixer and moulded on a glass substrate. An optimization of the microcircuit length has been performed in order to have a full complexation of the Calix-DANS4. The detection is performed by using a configuration in which the sensing molecules are excited by two optical fibres, each one connected to a 365 nm UV LED, and the light collection is made by another optical fibre with a photomultiplier. By using this configuration we have shown the possibility to detect lead with a detection limit of 5 ppb. The effect of interfering cations such as calcium has been evaluated. The obtained measurements have been validated by an alternative method (ASV).
Tm: YAlO3 Laser Pumped ZGP Mid-IR Source (2003)

We report on the experimental achievements of a high power, high efficiency Tm: YAlO3 laser repetitively Q-switched at 10 kHz used to drive a ZnGeP2 OPO. The system is run with room temperature components and achieves over 3 W at 3-5 µm with an efficiency of 5% starting from the pump diode. A two crystal resonator design allows tuning over multiple spectral peaks or alternately as an ultra broad spectral source.
GABAA Alpha 2,3 Modulation Improves Select Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome (2021)

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability. FXS is caused by functional loss of the Fragile X Protein (FXP), also known as Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). In humans and animal models, loss of FXP leads to sensory hypersensitivity, increased susceptibility to seizures and cortical hyperactivity. Several components of the GABAergic system, the major inhibitory system in the brain, are dysregulated in FXS, and thus modulation of GABAergic transmission was suggested and tested as a treatment strategy. However, so far, clinical trials using broad spectrum GABA<sub>A</sub> or GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor-specific agonists have not yielded broad improvement of FXS phenotypes in humans. Here, we tested a more selective strategy in <i>Fmr1</i> knockout (KO) mice using the experimental drug BAER-101, which is a selective GABA<sub>A</sub> α2/α3 agonist. Our results suggest that BAER-101 reduces hyperexcitability of cortical circuits, partially corrects increased frequency-specific baseline cortical EEG power, reduces susceptibility to audiogenic seizures and improves novel object memory. Other <i>Fmr1</i> KO-specific phenotypes were not improved by the drug, such as increased hippocampal dendritic spine density, open field activity and marble burying. Overall, this work shows that BAER-101 improves select phenotypes in <i>Fmr1</i> KO mice and encourages further studies into the efficacy of GABA<sub>A</sub>-receptor subunit-selective agonists for the treatment of FXS.
Biomechanical model-based 4DCT simulation (2014)

We present a biomechanical model-based four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) simulation method for examining the patient lung deformation induced by respiratory motion, given only one CT scan as an input. First, we model the lung stress–strain behaviour using a sophisticated hyperelastic model, and solve the lung deformation problem through finite element (FE) analysis. We introduce robust algorithms to segment out the diaphragm control points and spine regions to carefully define the boundary conditions and loads, and to improve the FE convergence through our mesh optimisation algorithm. Next, we treat the remaining CT volume as discretised mass points connected by springs and dampers, and simulate the motion of liver, bones and other organs using finite difference analysis. This novel heterogeneous design can leverage the advantages of both continuum mechanics and mass–spring–damper system in the way that the lung deformation is computed in very high accuracy while the deformation of the rest CT volume can be achieved under practical computation constraints. Experimental results through comparing with the manually labelled landmark points in real patient 4DCT data demonstrate that our 4DCT simulator is very accurate.
Hemodynamic effects of a new right ventricular assist device. (1991)

A right ventricular assist device (VAD) based on the principle of counterpulsation has been developed at our institution. The device is a valveless, pneumatically actuated, 40 cc, sac-type pump, with a single inlet-outlet port. For right ventricular support, the "Uniport" pump is anastamosed end-to-side to the pulmonary artery. In previous experimental trials, the device has been shown to impart minimal trauma to blood components. In this study, biventricular failure was induced in eight Holstein calves by normothermic ischemia during cardiopulmonary bypass. A Pierce-Donachy left VAD (LVAD) was used for left ventricular support following the ischemic insult. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained throughout the study, and each animal served as its own control. A significant increase in post injury cardiac output (33.5 +/- 11.4%) was obtained with use of the Uniport and LVAD, as compared to use of the LVAD alone (p less than or equal to 0.005). Other hemodynamic parameters of right heart failure, including right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and left atrial pressure (LAP) were not significantly affected. These data suggest that the Uniport right ventricular assist device significantly improves cardiac output in this model of moderate right ventricular failure. Additional studies are required, however, to optimize pump stroke volume, and to further define the performance envelope of the device.
Material characterization of high dielectric constant polymer-ceramic composite for embedded capacitor to RF application (2002)

Embedded capacitor technology can improve electrical performance and reduce assembly cost compared with traditional discrete capacitor technology. Polymer-ceramic composites have been of great interest as embedded capacitor material because they combine the processability of polymers with the desired electrical properties of ceramics. A novel nano-structure polymer-ceramic composite with very high dielectric constant (/spl epsiv//sub r//spl sim/150, a new record for the highest reported /spl epsiv//sub r/ value for a nano-composite) has been developed in previous work. RF application of embedded capacitors requires that the insulating material have high dielectric constant at high frequency (GHz), low leakage current, high breakdown voltage and high reliability. A set of electrical tests have been conducted in this work to characterize the properties of the in-house developed novel high dielectric constant polymer-ceramic nano-composite. Results show that this material has a fairly high dielectric constant in the RF range, low electrical leakage and high breakdown voltage. An 85/85 TH aging test has been performed and has shown that this novel high-k material has good reliability. An embedded capacitor prototype with capacitance density of 35 nF/cm has been manufactured using this nano-composite with spin coating technology. This novel nano-composite can be used for integral capacitors in RF applications.
The &#x0022;X'tal cube&#x0022; PET detector: 3D scintillation photon detection of a 3D crystal array using MPPCs (2009)

We have proposed a depth of interaction (DOI) PET detector named X'tal cube, in which a number of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) are coupled on various positions of six surfaces of a segmented scintillation crystal block. There are no reflectors within the block, and the areas among MPPCs on the surface are covered with reflector. The MPPC is thin and light solid-state photo-detector so that it is possible to set the MPPCs on the subject side in the detector ring of a PET scanner and the crystal blocks can be closely placed each other in the PET detector ring. To study the characteristics of the X'tal cube, we constructed a segmented crystal block consisting of six layers of a 6 × 6 crystal array with Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2x</sub> Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2(1-x)</sub> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> : Ce (LGSO, x=0.9) crystals. Each crystal is 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> in dimensions. We examined crystal identification performance for different arrangements of photo-detector elements on the block surfaces. The preliminary experiments showed the possibility of realizing a 3D detector having isotropic resolutions.
Cr-Alloyed Steel Powders for High-Strength Sintered Parts without Heat Treatment after Sintering* (2002)

Synopsis: New alloyed steel powders containing 3 or 1% Cr have been developed for the high strength sintered parts without heat-treatment after sintering. As-sintered compacts made from KIP 30CRV (3Cr-0.3Mo-0.3V) prealloyed steel powder have higher tensile strength of 1 150 MPa, rotating bending fatigue strength of 310 MPa and better wear resistance than those made from KIP SIGMALOY 415S (4Ni-1.5Cu-0.5Mo) partially alloyed steel powder. These superior characteristics are attributed to the martensite realized high hardenability of the compacts. In spite of lower tensile strength and hardness, the fatigue strength and wear resistance of the as-sintered compact made from KIP 103V (1Cr-0.3Mo0.3V) prealloyed steel powder were almost equal to those of KIP 30CRV, because the higher density improved fatigue strength and the fine pearlite had better wear resistance than martensite.
Nanoparticle Synthesis at Membrane Interfaces (1996)

A comparison of the synthesis of metal nanoparticles at the surfaces of polymerized and unpolymerized phospholipid vesicles has been undertaken. Vesicles were prepared from mixtures of charge-neutral phospholipid, 1,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and palladium ion-bound negatively charged phospholipid, 1,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphohydroxyethanol. The divalent palladium ion bound to the negatively charged phospholipids in the vesicle membrane initiated electroless metallization of gold or cobalt on the vesicle surface leading to the formation of metallic nanoparticles. By using the internal volume of polymerized vesicles as the reaction vials, two types of unagglomerated nanoparticles, Au (4-10 nm) and Co/Co(OH)x (30-100 nm), have been synthesized. Metallization of unpolymerized vesicles resulted in the formation of size controlled, unagglomerated Au nanoparticles (20-28 nm). Dry powders of the Au particles were redispersable in water. TEM results suggest that composites of lipid and metal were formed. For both the polymerized and unpolymerized vesicles, HRTEM studies have demonstrated that particle nucleation and growth occurred at the vesicle membrane surfaces and that particle growth could be initiated by either single or multiple nucleation sites.