gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common and pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells express interleukin 2 receptors, and interleukin 2 stimulates in vitro colony formation (1985)

The role of interleukin 2 (IL 2) as a possible regulator of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells was investigated. For this purpose, leukemic cells from the blood or bone marrow of eight untreated patients with common or pre-B ALL were analyzed using the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody (reactive with the IL 2 receptor) in indirect immunofluorescence. The receptors for IL 2, which were initially absent from the cell surface, were induced on high percentages of the ALL cells after the in vitro exposure to the lectin phytohemagglutinin or the phorbol ester 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in six patients, suggesting that the cells had become sensitive to IL 2. In colony cultures to which feeder leukocytes and IL 2 had been added, colony growth was obtained in five of eight cases. Whereas the cells from one patient formed colonies in the absence of exogenous stimuli, the cells from others were dependent on the addition of feeder leukocytes plus IL 2. In the latter cases, feeder leukocytes alone, releasing some IL 2, stimulated growth suboptimally at different cell concentrations. Their stimulative effect was significantly enhanced when leukocyte-derived IL 2 or pure recombinant IL 2 was supplemented. Alone, IL 2 (up to 500 U/mL) did not support colony formation. Apparently, IL 2 and feeder leukocytes are both required for the induction of colonies in these cases of ALL. From cell sorting of fluorescent anti-common ALL antigen (CALLA) stained cells it appeared that colonies descended from cells with high as well as low or negative CALLA expression. Immunophenotyping demonstrated the presence of the original leukemia markers on colony cells, but was not indicative of maturation of ALL toward more differentiated B cells. We suggest that IL 2 can stimulate the in vitro proliferation of certain neoplastic B lymphocyte progenitors.
Expanding the Cyanuric Acid Hydrolase Protein Family to the Fungal Kingdom (2013)

The known enzymes that open the s-triazine ring, the cyanuric acid hydrolases, have been confined almost exclusively to the kingdom Bacteria and are all homologous members of the rare cyanuric acid hydrolase/barbiturase protein family. In the present study, a filamentous fungus, Sarocladium sp. strain CA, was isolated from soil by enrichment culturing using cyanuric acid as the sole source of nitrogen. A reverse-genetic approach identified a fungal cyanuric acid hydrolase gene composed of two exons and one intron. The translated spliced sequence was 39 to 53% identical to previously characterized bacterial cyanuric acid hydrolases. The sequence was used to generate a gene optimized for expression in Escherichia coli and encoding an N-terminally histidine-tagged protein. The protein was purified by nickel affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein was shown by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C-NMR) to produce carboxybiuret as the product, which spontaneously decarboxylated to yield biuret and carbon dioxide. The protein was very narrow in substrate specificity, showing activity only with cyanuric acid and N-methyl cyanuric acid. Barbituric acid was an inhibitor of enzyme activity. Sequence analysis identified genes with introns in other fungi from the Ascomycota that, if spliced, are predicted to encode proteins with cyanuric acid hydrolase activity. The Ascomycota cyanuric acid hydrolase homologs are most closely related to cyanuric acid hydrolases from Actinobacteria.
Active disturbance rejection control of three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems (2019)

In this paper, a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system based on active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is proposed to solve the problem of voltage instability which is caused by many internal uncertainties and external disturbances. A tracking differentiator is used to arrange the transient process to reduce the initial error, which solves the problem of large overshoot. The extended state observer is used to estimate the internal and external total disturbances in real-time, and adopts a linearisation technique via dynamic compensation process, which can reject internal and external disturbances effectively. The simulation experiments show that ADRC has better performance than PI controller in reducing power loss and rejecting disturbances.
Developments and recent advancements in the field of endogenous amino acid selective bond forming reactions for bioconjugation (2015)

Bioconjugation methodologies have proven to play a central enabling role in the recent development of biotherapeutics and chemical biology approaches. Recent endeavours in these fields shed light on unprecedented chemical challenges to attain bioselectivity, biocompatibility, and biostability required by modern applications. In this review the current developments in various techniques of selective bond forming reactions of proteins and peptides were highlighted. The utility of each endogenous amino acid-selective conjugation methodology in the fields of biology and protein science has been surveyed with emphasis on the most relevant among reported transformations; selectivity and practical use have been discussed.
High-Throughput Plasmid Mini Preparations Facilitated by Micro-Mixing (1996)

We have developed a reliable high-throughput plasmid isolation system using a 96-well plate format. This system combines a novel glass bead micro-mixing method with modified alkaline lysis and Sephacryl S-500 DNA purification procedures. Mechanical forces generated by vortexing glass beads inside each well of the 96-well plates ensure that the bacterial pellets are homogeneously resuspended, the cells are completely lyzed, and the resulting bacterial lysates are thoroughly mixed with the potassium acetate solution. The vortexing speed and duration for glass bead mixing have been standardized to facilitate plasmid DNA yields without significant adjustments.
Random field effects in disordered anisotropic antiferromagnets (1979)

A uniform magnetic field is shown to generate random local fields in uniaxially anisotropic antiferromagnets with random exchange interactions. This leads to a stronger divergence of the temperature derivative of the static susceptibility even at zero field, and to a drastic change in the critical exponents at the Ising-like antiferromagnetic transition as well as at the tricritical or bicritical points occurring at finite fields.
Image Based Shadowing in Real-Time Augmented Reality (2006)

This work presents an approach to render appropriate shadows with Image Based Lighting in Augmented Reality applications. To approximate the result of environment lighting and shadowing, the system uses a dome of shadow casting light sources. The color of each shadow is determined by the area of the environment behind the casting light source. As a result it is possible that changes in the lighting conditions immidiately affect the shadow casting of virtual objects on real objects
Paediatric and congenital heart disease in South America: an overview: Table 1 (2009)

Congenital heart diseases are one of the most common structural defects present at birth, with an approximate incidence of 8 per 1000 live births. As most countries in South America have a high birth rate, they are a significant public health concern. This paper provides a brief overview of the burden of congenital heart disease in South America, focusing on its local prevalence, facilities for treatment and outcomes after medical, surgical or catheter intervention for the most common diseases.
Acceptance of the Use of Diazepam Rectal Gel in School and Day Care Settings (2007)

This study was conducted to identify how often parents of children with epilepsy encounter barriers to the use of diazepam rectal gel in day care or school settings and how these barriers affect the child and family. Sixty-four parents completed an 18-item questionnaire documenting their experience with asking their child's school to administer diazepam rectal gel. No data regarding its actual use in the school was obtained. Forty-three parents (68%) had asked their school to administer diazepam rectal gel; 35 (81%) reported school agreement, and 8 (19%) reported refusal. In 5 of these refusals, the cited reason was legal concerns, and in 5 cases the refusal had some adverse effect on their family's life. Most children prescribed diazepam rectal gel do not encounter resistance to its use in school and day care settings. Barriers to its use are usually due to legal concerns and significantly affect the family's quality of life.
Green Tea Polyphenols Inhibit the Sodium-Dependent Glucose Transporter of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by a Competitive Mechanism (2000)

Intestinal glucose uptake is mainly performed by the sodium-dependent glucose transporter, SGLT1. The transport activity of SGLT1 was markedly inhibited by green tea polyphenols, this inhibitory activity being most pronounced in polyphenols having galloyl residues such as epicatechin gallate (ECg) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg). Experiments using brush-border membrane vesicles obtained from the rabbit small intestine demonstrated that ECg inhibited SGLT1 in a competitive manner, although ECg itself was not transported via SGLT1. The present results suggest that tea polyphenols such as ECg interact with SGLT1 as antagonist-like molecules, possibly playing a role in controlling the dietary glucose uptake in the intestinal tract.
Synthesis of lignin-based epoxy resins: optimization of reaction parameters using response surface methodology (2014)

Synthesis of lignin-based epoxy resin of a high yield and epoxy content was realized and the synthesis conditions were optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD).
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Os(terpyridine)-biphenylene-(bi)pyridinium Assemblies (2012)

A series of linearly arranged donor-spacer-acceptor (D-S-A) systems 1-3, has been prepared and characterized. These dyads combine an Os(II)bis(terpyridine) unit as the photoactivable electron donor (D), a biphenylene (2) or phenylene-xylylene (3) fragment as the spacer (S), and a N-aryl-2,6-diphenylpyridinium electrophore (with aryl = 4-pyridyl or 4-pyridylium in 1 or 2/3, respectively) as the acceptor (A). Their absorption spectra, redox behavior, and luminescence properties (both at 77 K in rigid matrix and at 298 K in fluid solution) have been studied. The electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of a representative compound of the series (i.e., 2) have also been investigated at the theoretical level, performing Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based calculations. Time-dependent transient absorption spectra of 1-3 have also been recorded at room temperature. The results indicate that efficient photoinduced oxidative electron transfer takes place in the D-S-A systems at room temperature in fluid solution, for which rate constants (in the range 4 × 10(8)-2 × 10(10) s(-1)) depend on the driving force of the process and the spacer nature. In all the D-S-A systems, charge recombination is faster than photoinduced charge separation, in spite of the relatively large energy of the D(+)-S-A(-) charge-separated states (between 1.47 and 1.78 eV for the various species), which would suggest that the charge recombination occurs in the Marcus inverted region. Considerations based on superexchange mechanism suggest that the reason for the fast charge recombination is the presence of a virtual D-S(+)-A(-) state at low energy--because of the involvement of the easily oxidizable biphenylene spacer--which is beneficial for charge recombination via superexchange but unsuitable for photoinduced charge separation. To further support the above statement, we prepared a fourth D-S-A species, 4, analogous to 2 but with a (hardly oxidizable) single phenylene fragment serving as the spacer. For such a species, charge recombination (about 3 × 10(10) s(-1)) is slower than photoinduced charge separation (about 1 × 10(11) s(-1)), thereby confirming our suggestions.
A Bombesin-Shepherdin Radioconjugate Designed for Combined Extra- and Intracellular Targeting (2014)

Radiolabeled peptides which target tumor-specific membrane structures of cancer cells represent a promising class of targeted radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. A potential drawback of a number of reported radiopeptides is the rapid washout of a substantial fraction of the initially delivered radioactivity from cancer cells and tumors. This renders the initial targeting effort in part futile and results in a lower imaging quality and efficacy of the radiotracer than achievable. We are investigating the combination of internalizing radiopeptides with molecular entities specific for an intracellular target. By enabling intracellular interactions of the radioconjugate, we aim at reducing/decelerating the externalization of radioactivity from cancer cells. Using the "click-to-chelate" approach, the 99mTc-tricarbonyl core as a reporter probe for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was combined with the binding sequence of bombesin for extracellular targeting of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-r) and peptidic inhibitors of the cytosolic heat shock 90 protein (Hsp90) for intracellular targeting. Receptor-specific uptake of the multifunctional radioconjugate could be confirmed, however, the cellular washout of radioactivity was not improved. We assume that either endosomal trapping or lysosomal degradation of the radioconjugate is accountable for these observations.
Enhanced Reliability of Finite-State Machines in FPGA Through Efficient Fault Detection and Correction (2005)

SRAM based FPGA are subjected to ion radiation in many operating environments. Following the current trend of shrinking device feature size & increasing die area, newer FPGA are more susceptible to radiation induced errors. Single event upsets (SEU), (also known as soft-errors) account for a considerable amount of radiation induced errors. SEU are difficult to detect & correct when they affect memory-elements present in the FPGA, which are used for the implementation of finite state machines (FSM). Conventional practice to improve FPGA design reliability in the presence of soft-errors is through configuration memory scrubbing, and through component redundancy. Configuration memory scrubbing, although suitable for combinatorial logic in an FPGA design, does not work for sequential blocks such as FSM. This is because the state-bits stored in flip-flops (FF) are variable, and change their value after each state transition. Component redundancy, which is also used to mitigate soft-errors, comes at the expense of significant area overhead, and increased power consumption compared to nonredundant designs. In this paper, we propose an alternate approach to implement the FSM using synchronous embedded memory blocks to enhance the runtime reliability without significant increase in power consumption. Experiments conducted on various benchmark FSM show that this approach has higher reliability, lower area overhead, and consumes less power compared to a component redundancy technique.
Gli1 Haploinsufficiency Leads to Decreased Bone Mass with an Uncoupling of Bone Metabolism in Adult Mice (2014)

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays important roles in various development processes. This signaling is necessary for osteoblast formation during endochondral ossification. In contrast to the established roles of Hh signaling in embryonic bone formation, evidence of its roles in adult bone homeostasis is not complete. Here we report the involvement of Gli1, a transcriptional activator induced by Hh signaling activation, in postnatal bone homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Skeletal analyses of Gli1+/- adult mice revealed that Gli1 haploinsufficiency caused decreased bone mass with reduced bone formation and accelerated bone resorption, suggesting an uncoupling of bone metabolism. Hh-mediated osteoblast differentiation was largely impaired in cultures of Gli1+/- precursors, and the impairment was rescued by Gli1 expression via adenoviral transduction. In addition, Gli1+/- precursors showed premature differentiation into osteocytes and increased ability to support osteoclastogenesis. When we compared fracture healing between wild-type and Gli1+/- adult mice, we found that the Gli1+/- mice exhibited impaired fracture healing with insufficient soft callus formation. These data suggest that Gli1, acting downstream of Hh signaling, contributes to adult bone metabolism, in which this molecule not only promotes osteoblast differentiation but also represses osteoblast maturation toward osteocytes to maintain normal bone homeostasis.
Asymmetric Synthesis 1-Substituted 2,6-Diazaspiro[3.3]heptanes through Addition of 3-Azetidinecarboxylate Anions to Davis–Ellman Imines (2019)

Asymmetric synthesis of 1-substituted 2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane is described. This methodology affords excellent yields (up to 89%) and high diastereomeric ratios ( dr up to 98:2) and delivers differentially protected amines within the products.
Epitaxial Growth of Hetero-Nanostructures Based on Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanosheets (2015)

Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, such as graphene and MoS2, which are demonstrated to be fundamentally and technologically important in many applications, have emerged as a unique family of nanomaterials in chemistry and material science over the past decade. The single-crystalline nature and ultrathin thickness of these 2D nanosheets make them ideal templates for the epitaxial deposition of nanostructures, which offer many possibilities to engineer microsized 2D p-n hetero-junctions at atomic/nanometer scale. This Perspective aims to provide information on the epitaxial growth of hetero-nanostructures based on ultrathin 2D nanosheets. Various methods for the epitaxial growth of nanostructures based on ultrathin 2D nanosheets or in situ growth of lateral or vertical epitaxial 2D semiconductor hetero-nanostructures are introduced. The advantages of these 2D epitaxial hetero-nanostructures for some applications, such as electronics, optoelectronics, and electrocatalysis, are also presented. On the basis of the current status of 2D epitaxial hetero-nanostructures, the future prospects of this promising area are discussed.
Analysis of Shortening and Elevation of the First Ray With Instrumented Triplane First Tarsometatarsal Arthrodesis (2020)

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Sexual dysfunction and antidepressants (1994)

Abstract Antidepressants can interfere with sexual desire, arousal, or orgasm. Frequency estimates vary considerably and are likely to be influenced by methods of assessment, drug type, diagnostic group, dose, length of treatment, baseline depressive status, and inclusion of a placebo condition. Frequency estimates of antidepressant induced sexual dysfunction were reviewed in three sets of data: Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) product monograph, placebo‐controlled trials, and uncontrolled reports. Rates were lowest in the PDR and highest when a structured rating was used. Among the drug groups, from all those sources, sexual dysfunction was lowest overall with bupropion, moclobemide, and trazodone, intermediate for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine, and highest for tricyclic (TCA) and first generation monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs. In open, uncontrolled trials, bupropion was associated with disappearance of sexual dysfunction when given to patients who exhibited this side effect from TCA or SSRI drugs. This review suggests that men and women, depressives and non‐depressives, are both at risk for sexual side effects. Currently available sexual function scales are either too complex for routine clinical use, or are limited in scope (e.g., restricted to males only). Availability of a simple, easy to use, analogue‐type scale would facilitate research, and perhaps enhance the use of antidepressant drugs. Depression 2:233–240 (1994/1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A fast segmentation algorithm for bi-level image compression using JBIG2 (2003)

The emerging JBIG2 standard allows compliant encoders to achieve very high compression rates on bi-level images, especially when images are properly segmented into regions of line-art, halftones and text. We propose a fast method that is very effective at separating text from non-text regions, even when the regions are nonrectangular or have skew. Our method can also detect regions of reverse-coloured text. In most cases, our method increases the compression performance of the encoder. More importantly, our method can improve encoding speeds considerably, often by an order of magnitude.
The Future: Endoscopic Antireflux Repair Via The Endo-Organ Approach (1995)

Operative techniques for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include the Nissen fundoplication, the Hill posterior gastropexy, the Belsey Mark IV fundoplication, the Toupet fundoplication, the Angelchick prosthesis, and laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Recent advances in access and instrumentation have made possible endo-organ techniques such as transanal endoscopic microsurgery, endo-organ pancreaticocystogastrostomy, endo-organ gastric excision, and correction of GERD by purely endoscopic means. New endoscopic therapies for GERD include the use of injection techniques, an endoscopic sewing machine, endoscopic invagination and fixation of a nipple valve, and intraluminal valvuloplasty. Further investigations pursue the goal of reducing postoperative discomfort while preserving the established mechanics of corrective surgery.
HFGL2 新赛季 新起航 (2012)

浩方黄金联赛第一赛季的许多比赛应该让大家记忆犹新,在去年12月24日的平安夜,HFGL总决赛由LGD对战DK,LGD以新颖的战术策略和良好的临场状态,最终以3：0的战绩横扫了2011年下半年的王者之队DK。HFGL第一赛季让我们看到了国内DOTA战队的顶尖较量,领略了DOTA比赛的巨大魅力。转眼间,2012年到来了。HFGL浩方黄金联赛第二赛季的比赛也在3月打响,下面就让我们盘点下HFGL2将有哪些新看点。
Prevalence of SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and CARD15 gene mutations in Hungarian pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease (2006)

The frequency of the NOD2/CARD15 susceptibility variants in the Hungarian pediatric CD population is high and the profile differs from the adult CD patients, whereas the results for SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 mutation screening do not confirm the assumption that the carriage of these genotypes means an obligatory susceptibility to CD.
The Toxicogenomic Multiverse: Convergent Recruitment of Proteins Into Animal Venoms (2009)

Throughout evolution, numerous proteins have been convergently recruited into the venoms of various animals, including centipedes, cephalopods, cone snails, fish, insects (several independent venom systems), platypus, scorpions, shrews, spiders, toxicoferan reptiles (lizards and snakes), and sea anemones. The protein scaffolds utilized convergently have included AVIT/colipase/prokineticin, CAP, chitinase, cystatin, defensins, hyaluronidase, Kunitz, lectin, lipocalin, natriuretic peptide, peptidase S1, phospholipase A(2), sphingomyelinase D, and SPRY. Many of these same venom protein types have also been convergently recruited for use in the hematophagous gland secretions of invertebrates (e.g., fleas, leeches, kissing bugs, mosquitoes, and ticks) and vertebrates (e.g., vampire bats). Here, we discuss a number of overarching structural, functional, and evolutionary generalities of the protein families from which these toxins have been frequently recruited and propose a revised and expanded working definition for venom. Given the large number of striking similarities between the protein compositions of conventional venoms and hematophagous secretions, we argue that the latter should also fall under the same definition.