gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reductions in circulating levels of IL-16, IL-7 and VEGF-A in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (2015)

Recently, differences in the levels of various chemokines and cytokines were reported in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as compared with controls. Moreover, the analyte profile differed between chronic ME/CFS patients of long duration versus patients with disease of less than 3years. In the current study, we measured the plasma levels of 34 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in 100 chronic ME/CFS patients of long duration and in 79 gender and age-matched controls. We observed highly significant reductions in the concentration of circulating interleukin (IL)-16, IL-7, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in ME/CFS patients. All three biomarkers were significantly correlated in a multivariate cluster analysis. In addition, we identified significant reductions in the concentrations of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and monokine-induced-by-IFN-γ (MIG; CXCL9) along with increases in the concentrations of eotaxin 2 (CCL24) in ME/CFS patients. Our data recapitulates previous data from another USA ME/CFS cohort in which circulating levels of IL-7 were reduced. Also, a reduced level of VEGF-A was reported previously in sera of patients with Gulf War Illness as well as in cerebral spinal fluid samples from a different cohort of USA ME/CFS patients. To our knowledge, we are the first to test for levels of IL-16 in ME/CFS patients. In combination with previous data, our work suggests that the clustered reduction of IL-7, IL-16 and VEGF-A may have physiological relevance to ME/CFS disease. This profile is ME/CFS-specific since measurement of the same analytes present in chronic infectious and autoimmune liver diseases, where persistent fatigue is also a major symptom, failed to demonstrate the same changes. Further studies of other ME/CFS and overlapping disease cohorts are warranted in future.
Effect of the Pretreatment of Corn Germ Protein on the Quality Characteristics of Frankfurters (1989)

ABSTRACT The effects of methods of corn germ protein (CGP) pretreatment on the quality characteristics and storage stability of frankfurters were studied. CGP was incorporated in formulations of frankfurters as a powder, a stabilizer in a CGP‐fat‐water emulsion, and a stabilizer in preemulsified fatty tissue (PEFT). Incorporation of CGP and the method of CGP pretreatment did not affect meaty aroma, flavor and amino acid composition of frankfurters. Water‐holding capacity and yield of experimental products increased. The PEFT products had higher shear force values than control. Chemical tests indicated that amino nitrogen and total volatile nitrogen increased with time of storage at the same rate as for the control.
Variable Thermal Conductance Metamaterials for Passive or Active Thermal Management (2017)

To continue to meet spacecraft systems ever increasing thermal management requirements, new control methods need to be developed. While advances in metamaterials have provided the ability to generate materials with a broad range of material properties, relatively little advancement has been made in the development of adaptive metamaterials. This paper is focused on the development of a thermal management metamaterial that enables the active and passive control of a metamaterial’s thermal conductance. This variable conductivity is achieved through the application of internally or externally applied loads that induce internal contact resulting in changes in the conductive path length and the effective conductive area. This capability enables active or passive control of a metamaterial’s effective thermal conduction through the application of mechanical and thermal strain. Passively applied thermal strains can be used to design a highly nonlinear material thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. Actively, this can be used to precisely control the temperature of an interface through dynamically changing the instantaneous heat flux through the metamaterial. This work expands on the field of thermal switches by enabling a non-binary configuration where the initial air gap is slowly closed as contact sequentially introduced into the metamaterial. As internally or externally developed loading is applied, contact is introduced with an increasing contact area until full contact is achieved. This intermediate step of partial contact enables unique design capabilities that enable highly nonlinear thermal conductivity as a function of temperature as well as stability regions that allow passive thermal control. An example metamaterial was developed and evaluated to quantify the potential of this concept. The specific metamaterial configuration assessed in this paper uses offset flat and curved copper plates that are connected at the edges of the plate using a low conductivity epoxy. To evaluate the metamaterial performance, the stiffness and thermal conductivity are calculated as a function of the resulting contact area and the required applied loading. This work is focused on determining the potential of this metamaterial concept by evaluating this initial concept confirmation to establish the magnitude of the thermal conductance change, and the design of the conductivity change a function of applied loading.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Small‐Molecule Peptidic and Nonpeptidic Smac Mimetics (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Precoding of contention bursts for broadband fixed wireless access (2004)

This paper presents a precoding technique for pre-equalizing contention requests in a slotted-ALOHA access request scheme, for use in single-carrier broadband fixed wireless access (FWA) networks. Multipath channel distortion is compensated for at the transmitter, so that the contention burst arrives undistorted at the receiver. Performance is verified using simulation and radio measurements.
Fluorescent microthermal imaging-theory and methodology for achieving high thermal resolution images (1995)

The fluorescent microthermal imaging technique (FMI) involves coating a sample surface with an inorganic-based thin film that, upon exposure to UV light, emits temperature-dependent fluorescence. FMI offers the ability to create thermal maps of integrated circuits with a thermal resolution theoretically limited to 1 m{degrees}C and a spatial resolution which is diffraction-limited to 0.3 {mu}m. Even though the fluorescent microthermal imaging (FMI) technique has been around for more than a decade, many factors that can significantly affect the thermal image quality have not been systematically studied and characterized. After a brief review of FMI theory, we will present our recent results demonstrating for the first time three important factors that have a dramatic impact on the thermal quality and sensitivity of FMI. First, the limitations imparted by photon shot noise and improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio realized through signal averaging will be discussed. Second, ultraviolet bleaching, an unavoidable problem with FMI as it currently is performed, will be characterized to identify ways to minimize its effect. Finally, the impact of film dilution on thermal sensitivity will be discussed.
2‐Aryl‐3,6‐dialkyl‐5‐dialkylaminopyrimidin‐4‐ones as Novel CRF‐1 Receptor Antagonists. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stretchable and flexible adhesive-integrated antenna for biomedical applications (2016)

We developed a stretchable, flexible, and wearable antenna capable of being mounted onto nonplanar surfaces, such as the human skin, for use in wireless physiological monitoring. The implications of our manufacturing process is an antenna that can easily be applied to any surface, including epidermis, with full functionality after tuning of the antenna post manufacturing to its desired operational frequency. Both simulation and prototype measurements are in agreement. During testing, the antenna was mounted on a subject's biceps as the patient performed a stress test, demonstrating the desired antenna function as it was stretched, flexed and exposed to sweat. The antenna was tested at a functioning system level and was able to communicate via Bluetooth low energy (BLE) up to 150ft employing an iOS smart-phone application.
Synthesis of [<sup>123</sup>I]iodine labelled imidazo[1,2-b] pyridazines as potential probes for the study of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors using SPECT (2004)

Abstract The pyridazines 3-acetamidomethyl-6-chloro-2-(4´-iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine 1 (IC 50 =1.6 nM) and 3-benzamidomethyl-6-iodo-2-(4´-t-butylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-b] pyridazine 2 (IC 50 =4.2 nM), are high affinity and selective ligands for the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors (PBR) compared to the Central Benzodiazepine counterparts. The [ 123 I] 1 and [ 123 I] 2 labelled analogues of these compounds were subsequently synthesised for the potential study of the PBR in vivo using SPECT. Radioiodination of [ 123 I] 1 was achieved by iododestannylation of the corresponding tributyl tin precursor with Na[ 123 I] in the presence of peracetic acid or chloramine-T and the product isolated by C-18 RP HPLC. Radioiodination of [ 123 I] 2 was achieved by copper assisted bromine [ 123 I]iodine exchange of the corresponding bromo precursor in the presence of acetic acid and sodium bisulfate as reducing agent at 200 °C. Purification of the crude products were achieved by semi-preparative C-18 RP HPLC to give the products in radiochemical yields >90%. The products were obtained in >97% chemical and radiochemical purity and with specific activities >180 GBq/μmol.
SUBTLE MOTIF DISCOVERY FOR DETECTION OF DNA REGULATORY SITES (2007)

Abstract: We address the problem of detecting consensus motifs, that occur with subtle variations, across multiple sequences. These are usually functional domains in DNA sequences such as transcriptional binding factors or other regulatory sites. The problem in its generality has been considered difficult and various benchmark data serve as the litmus test for different computational methods. We present a method centered around unsupervised combinatorial pattern discovery. The parameters are chosen using a careful statistical analysis of consensus motifs. This method works well on the benchmark data and is general enough to be extended to a scenario where the variation in the consensus motif includes indels (along with mutations). We also present some results on detection of transcription binding factors in human DNA sequences.
Utilizing panoramic views for visually guided tasks in underwater robotics applications (2002)

There has been an increasing interest in developing vision systems and technologies that support the operation of unmanned submersible platforms. Selected examples include the detection of obstacles and tracking of moving targets, station keeping and positioning, pipeline following, navigation, and mapping. These developments rely on images from standard CCD cameras. We propose the use of these images for the construction of panoramic views that are then utilized for a number of applications, capabilities, and operational modes of underwater vehicles; scenarios that are also common in airborne and space robotics applications. We describe two prototype imaging systems in forward-looking and down-looking configurations, designed and built from 6 off-the-shelf security cameras, also addressing a number of issues for preprocessing the data to construct these views. We study each of a number of critical capabilities and describe the potential use of the panoramic imaging system, presenting various examples to demonstrate the applications.
Ellipsometric end point detection during plasma etching (1977)

This paper will describe the use of an ellipsometric method for end point detection during plasma etching at different stages of thin film sensor processing and IC processing. End point detection of an area as small as 3.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (24 × 24 mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) was achieved by utilizing a commercial ellipsometer which was slightly modified. The method does not require the use of dummy wafers or of backside protected wafers. In addition to end point detection, the method can also be used for in situ etch rate determination of insulating and metallic films as a function of RF power, chamber pressure, temperature, load size, and type of etching gas.
An enhanced bioavailable formulation of curcumin using fenugreek-derived soluble dietary fibre (2012)

Poor intestinal absorption has been regarded as a major limiting factor for the therapeutic use of curcumin, the primary active constituent of turmeric. Herein, we investigated the bioavailability of a novel formulation of curcumin-impregnated soluble dietary fibre dispersions (BR213 curcumagalactomannosides) comprising an extensive gel forming and non-digestible soluble galactomannan fibre derived from the spice fenugreek. The dispersions were prepared as microgranulates of mean particle size 150 ± 20 μm by an ultrasound mediated gel-phase dispersion technique. In vitro release studies at pH 1.2 and 6.8 showed slow and prolonged release of colloidal curcumin from the amorphous microgranulates of curcumin-impregnated soluble fibre. Enhanced bioavailability of the new formulation was further demonstrated in animals (Wistar rats) and human volunteers in comparison with unformulated curcumin. It was observed that the relative absorption of curcumin from the novel fibre formulation, as evident from the area under curve calculations, was 20 times higher in animals and 15.8 times higher in humans when supplemented orally. Maximum absorption was also found to be prolonged as compared to the unformulated curcumin.
Principal Variance Components Analysis: Estimating Batch Effects in Microarray Gene Expression Data (2009)

Batch effects are present in microarray experiments due to poor experimental design and when data are combined from different studies. To assess the quantity of batch effects, we present a novel hybrid approach known as principal variance component analysis (PVCA). The approach leverages the strengths of two popular data analysis methods: principal component analysis and variance components analysis, and integrates into a novel algorithm. It can be used as a screening tool to determine the sources of variability, and, using the eigenvalues associated with their corresponding eigenvectors as weights, to quantify the magnitude of each source of variability (including each batch effect) presented as a proportion of total variance. Although PVCA is a generic approach for quantifying the corresponding proportion of variation of each effect, it can be a handy assessment for estimating batch effect before and after batch normalization.
A Study of Hydrogen Combustion Turbines (1998)

A hydrogen combustion turbine system has been proposed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. which is the Closed Circuit Cooled Topping Recuperation Cycle (CCCTR cycle) and is part of a Japanese government sponsored program WE-NET (“World Energy Network”). This cycle is composed of closed Brayton and Rankine cycles. The efficiency of this cycle is more than 60% HHV (Higher Heat Value) with a power capacity of 500MW. This cycle was selected as the most suitable for hydrogen combustion turbine used for industrial power plant by the Japanese government. A closed circuit steam cooling system has been proposed to cool vanes and blades of the high temperature turbine (HIT) which has inlet temperature of 1700°C and inlet pressure of 45bar. This paper presents the comparisons of the thermal efficiency and the feasibility of components between the CCCTR cycle and other cycles.
Self‐equalization technique for distributed quasi‐circulator (2008)

Abstract A self‐equalization technique for an active quasi‐circulator is proposed. It is formed using distributed amplifiers, which show how it achieves wideband frequency operation without the use of additional phase shifters. Experimental results show that it can operate over the frequency range 0.8–2.2 GHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 182–184, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23949
Organization of the gene for human platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 shows alternatively spliced isoforms and a functionally complex cytoplasmic domain (1994)

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a cell-cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on circulating platelets, on leukocytes, and at the intercellular junctions of vascular endothelial cells and mediates the interactions of these cells during the process of transendothelial cell migration. The cDNA for PECAM-1 encodes an open reading frame of 738 amino acids (aa) that is organized into a 27-aa signal peptide, a 574-aa extracellular domain composed of 6 Ig homology units, and a relatively long cytoplasmic tail of 118 aa containing multiple sites for posttranslational modification and postreceptor signal transduction. To provide a molecular basis for the precise evaluation of the structure and function of this transmembrane glycoprotein, we have determined the organization of the human PECAM-1 gene. The PECAM-1 gene, which has been localized to human chromosome 17, is a single-copy gene of approximately 65 kb in length and is broken into 16 exons by introns ranging in size from 86 to greater than 12,000 bp in length. Typical of other members of the Ig superfamily, each of the extracellular Ig homology domains is encoded by a separate exon, consistent with PECAM-1 having arisen by gene duplication and exon shuffling of ancestral Ig superfamily genes. However, the cytoplasmic domain was found to be surprisingly complex, being encoded by seven short exons that may represent discrete functional entities. Alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic tail appears to generate multiple PECAM-1 isoforms that may regulate phosphorylation, cytoskeletal association, and affinity modulation of the mature protein. Finally, a processed pseudogene having 76% identity with PECAM-1 cDNA was identified and localized to human chromosome 3. These findings should have important implications for structure/function analysis of PECAM-1 and its role in vascular adhesive interactions.
A new Insulated-Gate Thyristor structure with turn-off achieved by controlling the base-resistance (1995)

A new Insulated-Gate Thyristor (IGTH) design for achieving high controllable current capability is described. The design consists of square cells with high density of MOS-channels modulating the resistance of the base region of the NPN transistor of the thyristor structure. The diagonal regions between the square cells is used as the turn-on regions while the other regions under the MOS gate between the cell diffusions are connected by P/sup -/ diffusion to obtain a MOS-gate controlled low resistance path for turn-off. The IGTH was fabricated using a double-diffused DMOS process and 1200 V devices with controllable currents in excess of 150 A was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unsupervised image segmentation by automatic gradient thresholding for dynamic region growth in the CIE L*a*b* color space (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised color image segmentation algorithm named GSEG. This Gradient-based SEGmentation method is initialized by a vector gradient calculation in the CIE L*a*b* color space. The obtained gradient map is utilized for initially clustering low gradient content, as well as automatically generating thresholds for a computationally efficient dynamic region growth procedure, to segment regions of subsequent higher gradient densities in the image. The resultant segmentation is combined with an entropy-based texture model in a statistical merging procedure to obtain the final result. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of our results on several hundred images, utilizing a recently proposed evaluation metric called the Normalized Probabilistic Rand index shows that the GSEG algorithm is robust to various image scenarios and performs favorably against published segmentation techniques.
On the Capacity and Programming of Flash Memories (2012)

Flash memories are currently the most widely used type of nonvolatile memories. A flash memory consists of floating-gate cells as its storage elements, where the charge level stored in a cell is used to represent data. Compared to magnetic recording and optical recording, flash memories have the unique property that the cells are programmed using an iterative procedure that monotonically shifts each cell's charge level upward toward its target value. In this paper, we model the cell as a monotonic storage channel, and explore its capacity and optimal programming. We present two optimal programming algorithms based on a few different noise models and optimization objectives.
An overview of the welding of Ni{sub 3}Al and Fe{sub 3}Al alloys (1996)

Weldability (degree to which defect formation is resisted when an alloy is welded) is an issue in fabrication of Ni{sub 3}Al and Fe{sub 3}Al. Work to define and improve welding of Ni{sub 3}Al and Fe{sub 3}Al alloys is reviewed and progress illustrated by examples of current activities. The cast Ni{sub 3}Al alloys currently under development, IC221M and IC396M, have low resistance to solidification cracking and hence difficult to weld. Modifications to the composition of both base alloys and weld deposits,however, increase their resistance to cracking. Crack-free, full-penetration welds were made in centrifugally cast tubes of IC221M. Tensile and stress- rupture properties of the weldments compare favorably with base metal properties. Weldability issues have limited the use of Fe{sub 3}Al alloys to weld overlay applications. Filler metal compositions suitable for weld overlay cladding were developed, and the preheat and postweld heat treatment needed to avoid cracking, were determined experimentally.