gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Top-Down Proteomics and Direct Surface Sampling of Neonatal Dried Blood Spots: Diagnosis of Unknown Hemoglobin Variants (2012)

We have previously shown that liquid microjunction surface sampling of dried blood spots coupled with high resolution top-down mass spectrometry may be used for screening of common hemoglobin variants HbS, HbC, and HbD. In order to test the robustness of the approach, we have applied the approach to unknown hemoglobin variants. Six neonatal dried blood spot samples that had been identified as variants, but which could not be diagnosed by current screening methods, were analyzed by direct surface sampling top-down mass spectrometry. Both collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry were employed. Four of the samples were identified as β-chain variants: two were heterozygous Hb D-Iran, one was heterozygous Hb Headington, and one was heterozygous Hb J-Baltimore. The fifth sample was identified as the α-chain variant heterozygous Hb Phnom Penh. Analysis of the sixth sample suggested that it did not in fact contain a variant. Adoption of the approach in the clinic would require speed in both data collection and interpretation. To address that issue, we have compared manual data analysis with freely available data analysis software (ProsightPTM). The results demonstrate the power of top-down proteomics for hemoglobin variant analysis in newborn samples.
Direct conversion of neutron energy and other advantages of a large yield per pulse, inertial-confinement fusion reactor (1974)

Aspects of an inertial-confinement, fusion reactor that uses an energy release {approx gt}10{sup 11} joules are discussed. The large energy release makes possible direct conversion of the fusion neutrons' energy after nuclear heating of an evaporated blanket to the plasma state. Surface damage by charged particles is avoided and structural damage by neutrons is alleviated. Complex fuel assemblies and other expandable parts may be used as a result of the high monetary value of the energy release.
Interleukin-8 serum levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. (2003)

Significant correlations of serum IL-8 levels with tumor size and tumor stage suggest that IL-8 may be directly or indirectly involved in the progression of HCC. These findings indicate that serum IL-8 may be a useful biological marker of tumor invasiveness and an independent prognostic factor for patients with HCC.
An Exact Algorithm for F-Measure Maximization (2011)

The F-measure, originally introduced in information retrieval, is nowadays routinely used as a performance metric for problems such as binary classification, multi-label classification, and structured output prediction. Optimizing this measure remains a statistically and computationally challenging problem, since no closed-form maximizer exists. Current algorithms are approximate and typically rely on additional assumptions regarding the statistical distribution of the binary response variables. In this paper, we present an algorithm which is not only computationally efficient but also exact, regardless of the underlying distribution. The algorithm requires only a quadratic number of parameters of the joint distribution (with respect to the number of binary responses). We illustrate its practical performance by means of experimental results for multi-label classification. 1
A hybrid scatter correction for 3D PET based on an estimation of the distribution of unscattered coincidences: implementation on the ECAT EXACT HR+ (2002)

We implemented a hybrid scatter correction method for 3D PET that combines two scatter correction methods in a complementary way. The implemented scheme uses a method based on the discrimination of the energy of events (the estimation of trues method, ETM) and an auxiliary method (the single scatter simulation method, or the convolution-subtraction method), in an attempt to increase the accuracy of the correction over a wider range of acquisitions. The ETM takes into account the scatter from outside the field-of-view (FOV), which is not estimated with the auxiliary method. On the other hand, the auxiliary method accounts for events that have scattered with small angles, which have an energy that can not be discriminated from that of unscattered events using the ETM. The ETM uses the data acquired in an upper energy window above the photopeak (550-650 keV), to obtain a noisy estimate of the unscattered events in the standard window (350-650 keV). Our implementation uses the auxiliary method to correct the residual scatter in the upper window. After appropriate scaling, the upper window data is subtracted from the total coincidences acquired in the standard window, resulting in the final scatter estimate, after smoothing. We compare the hybrid method with the corrections used by default in the 2D and 3D modes of the ECAT EXACT HR+, using phantom measurements. Generally, the contrast was better with the hybrid method, although the relative errors of quantification were similar. We conclude that hybrid techniques such as the one implemented in this work can provide an accurate, general-purpose and practical way to correct the scatter in 3D PET, taking into account the scatter from outside the FOV.
How does transition to secondary school influence home, school and community play? (2020)

Aim This study gathered views of 10 to 12-years-old pupils about their play experiences before and after transition to secondary school, comparing access to their right to play. Method A multiple-case study design was used to gather views of six Year 6 primary pupils and six Year 7 secondary pupils living in the same community in the United Kingdom (UK). Six workshops, including a focus group, were conducted with each year group. Findings Qualitative data from both focus groups were analysed thematically, individually and across year groups. Findings indicated that temporal, spatial and psychological factors affected both Year 6 and Year 7 pupils’ play access. Year 6 pupils were more satisfied with their play opportunities and reported more time to play. Limitations The small-scale size of this study limits drawing conclusions. Data were collected in the summer term and therefore the weather and point in the school year may have been influential. Conclusions Findings suggested that, for the pupils involved, play opportunities appeared to decrease upon transition to secondary school. It is therefore important that barriers to play across age groups are considered and addressed, to ensure that all children can realise their right to play. Educational psychologists (EPs) can raise awareness of the benefits of play and the potential impact of limited play opportunities for older children.
Regulation of Chemokine Gene Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils Phagocytosing Microbial Pathogens (1998)

Production of chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) by neutrophils is likely to be important in the regulation of inflammation and the control of infection. In this study we show that exposure of human neutrophils to various microbial pathogens leads to the production of both macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and IL-8. The bacterial microbes, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus all strongly induced both IL-8 and MIP-1alpha secretion, whereas Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans were less potent. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and zymosan both induced IL-8 secretion but failed to stimulate that of MIP-1alpha. Coincubation of neutrophils with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and the micro-organisms also led to differential expression of MIP-1alpha and IL-8. Significant enhancement of the induction of both MIP-1alpha and IL-8 by S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, and S. pneumoniae as well as by C. albicans was observed. In contrast, while IL-8 production in response to S. cerevisiae and zymosan was enhanced in the presence of TNF-alpha, no MIP-1alpha was produced. These combined results indicate that while neutrophils exposed to some micro-organisms alone or in the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha will produce both MIP-1alpha and IL-8, resulting in generation of signals for the recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes and neutrophils, respectively, certain types of microorganisms can skew this response toward synthesis of IL-8.
Proposal for Teleportation of an Atomic State via Cavity Decay (1999)

We show how the state of an atom trapped in a cavity can be teleported to a second atom trapped in a distant cavity simply by detecting photon decays from the cavities. This is a rare example of a decay mechanism playing a constructive role in quantum information processing. The scheme is comparatively easy to implement, requiring only the ability to trap a single three level atom in a cavity.
Deforestación en la Península de Yucatán, los retos que enfrentar (2016)

La deforestación es un fenómeno que se ha manifestado gradualmente y se ha agudizado en los últimos años, trayendo como consecuencia una reducción notable en la superficie de las selvas de México y del mundo. Este problema se ha hecho patente en la Península de Yucatán que es una de las regiones en donde se encuentra la selva mediana subperennifolia. Se presentan cifras de la superficie de México cubierta por los diversos tipos de selvas y las tasas de deforestación registradas en los últimos años, particularmente en la Península de Yucatán (estados de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Yucatán), en el marco de la problemática nacional y mundial. Se detallan las causas de la deforestación, cuyos resultados muestran cifras alarmantes que han rebasado las expectativas previstas. Se discuten las causas de la desaparición de estos ecosistemas y se analizan los retos para las actividades forestales, las que deben estar sujetas a planes de manejo forestal, en donde se tome en cuenta la participación directa de los campesinos poseedores del recurso, así como el valioso conocimiento tradicional que tienen de sus selvas, el cual debe integrarse a las técnicas silvícolas aplicadas en los programas gubernamentales de manejo forestal.
State Restoration in Systems of Communicating Processes (1980)

In systems of asynchronous processes using messagelists with SEND–RECEIVE primitives for interprocess communication recovery primitives are defined to perform state restoration: MARK saves a particular point in the execution of the program; RESTORE resets the system state to an earlier point (saved by MARK); and PURGE discards redundant information when it is no longer needed for possible state restoration.
Diffraction enhanced imaging of controlled defects within bone, including bone–metal gaps (2006)

Gap regions between a bone and an implant, whether existing upon insertion or developing over time, can lead to implant failure. Currently, planar x-ray imaging and CT are the most commonly used methods to evaluate the gap region. An alternative to these available clinical imaging modalities could help to better evaluate bone resorption. Previous experiments with diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) have shown significant contrast advantages over monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging. DEI and planar SR radiography images of bone samples with drill holes and gap regions of known geometry were acquired at the NSLS beamline X15A (Upton, NY, USA). The images acquired with DEI show measurable contrast-to-noise gains when compared to the images acquired using SR radiography.
Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157 on Hides and Preintervention Carcass Surfaces of Feedlot Cattle at Harvest (2015)

Cattle hides are a main source of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) contamination of beef carcasses. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of “top 6” non-O157 plus O157:H7 EHEC (EHEC-7) on feedlot cattle hides and their matched preintervention carcasses; (2) assess the agreement among detection methods for these matrices; and (3) conduct a molecular risk assessment of EHEC-7 isolates. Samples from 576 feedlot cattle were obtained at a commercial harvest facility and tested for EHEC-7 by a culture-based method and the polymerase chain reaction/mass spectrometry–based NeoSEEK™ STEC Detection and Identification test (NS). Prevalence data were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models. The cumulative prevalence of EHEC-7 in hide samples as detected by NS was 80.7%, with a distribution of 49.9%, O145; 37.1%, O45; 12.5%, O103; 11.0%, O157; 2.2%, O111; 2.0%, O121; and 0.2%, O26. In contrast, the cumulative prevalence of EHEC-7 in hide samples by culture was 1.2%, with a distribution of 0.6%, O157; 0.4%, O26; 0.2%, O145; and 0%, O45, O103, O111, and O121. The cumulative prevalence of EHEC-7 on matched preintervention carcasses as detected by NS was 6.0%, with a distribution of 2.8%, O157; 1.6%, O145; 1.2%, O103; 1.1%, O45; 0.2%, O26; and 0.0%, O111 and O121. Although the culture-based method detected fewer positive hide samples than NS, it detected EHEC in five hide samples that tested negative for the respective organism by NS. McNemar's chi-square tests indicated significant (p<0.05) disagreement between methods. All EHEC-7 isolates recovered from hides were seropathotype A or B, with compatible virulence gene content. This study indicates that “top 6” and O157:H7 EHEC are present on hides, and to a lesser extent, preintervention carcasses of feedlot cattle at harvest. However, continued improvement in non-O157 detection methods is needed for accurate estimation of prevalence, given the discordant results across protocols.
The role of microvascular damage in photodynamic therapy: the effect of treatment on vessel constriction, permeability, and leukocyte adhesion. (1992)

Intravital microscopy of the rat cremaster muscle was used to evaluate changes in vessel constriction, vessel permeability, and leukocyte adhesion during and after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Animals were given Photofrin doses of 0-25 mg/kg i.v. 24 h before treatment. Cremaster muscles were exposed to 135 J/cm2 light at 630 nm. Animals given 5 mg/kg Photofrin showed no vessel constriction or increase in vessel permeability to albumin. Doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg Photofrin caused a dose-related constriction of arterioles which was observed within the first minutes of illumination at the higher drug dose. After the initial constriction, arteriole response to PDT was biphasic in nature, with some vessels relaxing to nearly control levels while others remained fully constricted. Constriction of venules occurred only at the highest porphyrin dose studied (25 mg/kg) and was delayed in comparison to arteriole constriction. Photofrin doses which produced arteriole constriction also caused an increase in venule permeability to albumin, which occurred shortly after the start of light treatment and was progressive with time. Leakage began at specific sites along the venule wall but became uniform along the entire length of the venule by 1 h after treatment. Changes in the adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to venule endothelium were also observed with PDT. Photofrin doses of 25 mg/kg and 45 J/cm2 light were sufficient to cause polymorphonuclear leukocytes to become adherent to the vessel wall. A second group of animals was given indomethacin trihydrate to examine the involvement of cyclooxygenase products such as thromboxane in vessel response to PDT. Animals given 5 mg/kg indomethacin intraarterially 1 h before light treatment showed no constriction of arterioles or venules at all Photofrin and light doses studied. No increases in venule permeability to albumin were seen in this group of animals. This suggests that cyclooxygenase products including thromboxane are important in causing vessel constriction and changes in permeability during PDT. The initiating event which causes the release of these vasoactive agents remains unknown.
Data Augmentation via Latent Space Interpolation for Image Classification (2018)

Effective training of the deep neural networks requires much data to avoid underdetermined and poor generalization. Data Augmentation alleviates this by using existing data more effectively. However standard data augmentation produces only limited plausible alternative data by for example, flipping, distorting, adding noise to, cropping a patch from the original samples. In this paper, we introduce the adversarial autoencoder (AAE) to impose the feature representations with uniform distribution and apply the linear interpolation on latent space, which is potential to generate a much broader set of augmentations for image classification. As a possible “recognition via generation” framework, it has potentials for several other classification tasks. Our experiments on the ILSVRC 2012, CIFAR-10 datasets show that the latent space interpolation (LSI) improves the generalization and performance of state-of-the-art deep neural networks.
Extension Formats for Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE) and the Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) (2008)

This document describes a set of Extension Headers for the Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE), RFC 4326.The Extension Header formats specified in this document define extensions appropriate to both ULE and the Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) for the second-generation framing structure defined by the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) family of specifications.Extension Formats for the ULE Encapsulation April 20082.
Measurement of the point spread function in MRI using constant time imaging (1997)

The point spread function is a fundamental property of magnetic resonance imaging methods that affects image quality and spatial resolution. The point spread function is difficult to measure precisely in magnetic resonance even with the use of carefully designed phantoms, and it is difficult to calculate this function for complex sequences such as echo-planar imaging. This report describes a method that measures the point spread function with high spatial resolution at each pixel in samples of uniform intensity distribution. This method uses additional phase encoding gradients before the echo-planar acquisition that are constant in length but vary in amplitude. The additional gradients are applied to image the contents within each individual voxel. This method has been used to measure the point spread function for echo-planar imaging to demonstrate the effects of limited k-space sampling and transverse relaxation, as well as the effects of object motion. By considering the displacement of the point spread function, local distortions due to susceptibility and chemical shift effects have been quantified and corrected. The method allows rapid assessment of the point spread function in echo-planar imaging, in vivo, and may also be applied to other rapid imaging sequences that can be modified to include these additional phase encoding gradients.
An improved sawtooth oscillator and its application in on-chip femto-ampere current monitoring (2006)

In the fathomable design of femto-ampere current mode circuit (FCMC), circuit for on-chip measurement and monitoring of femto-ampere current is in high demand, not only for its simplicity in structure and cheapness in price, but also for its high measure accuracy and process tolerance. In this paper, on-chip femto-ampere current monitoring methodologies based on improved sawtooth oscillator whose average leakage is as small as 3.844fA (at the room temperature of 27deg C) have been proposed and verified using SMIC models of 0.18mum CMOS process. Meanwhile, capacitance and leakage calibration techniques for high precision on-chip femto-ampere current monitoring are also characterized and discussed. According to the simulation results, on-chip monitoring of current ranging from 28.2fA to 10muA is achieved with relative deviations less than 10%
Mechanism of disintegration during metal dusting (1996)

The process of catastrophic carburization known as metal dusting, whereby a solid metallic material is converted into fine particles in a carburizing atmosphere, was analyzed. It was shown that this conversion is the result of plastic deformation and subsequent fracture accompanying diffusional phase formation in the near-surface layer. The process is controlled by internal stresses arising during phase transformation. Competition between stress generation and relaxation may result in attaining the ultimate strength in the near-surface layer and its fracture. Such a mechanism of metal disintegration may occur in a certain temperature interval depending on the kinetic and geometrical parameters of the system--the diffusivities of the alloy`s components, the ratio between specific volumes of the new and the old phases, and the ultimate plastic strain. The temperature interval for disintegration of carbon steel, the rate of disintegration, and the period of the disintegration cycle, were evaluated and compared with experimental data.
Lipomic profiling in drug discovery, development and clinical trial evaluation. (2004)

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the progression of many diseases and in adverse drug response. Changes in lipid metabolism leading to disease are often not detected using biomarker analyses because these changes are defined by a subtle, long-term shift in the concentrations of many metabolites simultaneously. The application of the principals of 'omics to the study of lipids, which include the development of comprehensive, high-throughput assays and centralized reference databases, is beginning to produce an integrated and actionable knowledge of lipids and their relationship to pathology. These analytical tools and the assembled knowledge will enable the discovery, development and testing of drugs to be conducted with a deeper knowledge of their effects on lipid metabolism.
Comparative studies on the inhibitory region of selected species of troponin-I. The use of synthetic peptide analogs to probe structure-function relationships. (1981)

Five peptide analogs of the actomyosin ATPase inhibitory region of troponin I (Tn-I) have been synthesized by the solid-phase method. One analog was constructed with a sequence identical to that found in species of Tn-I isolated from chicken fast, rabbit fast and rabbit slow skeletal muscle. A second peptide was made identical to the sequence of the homologous inhibitory region of Tn-I from rabbit cardiac muscle. The remaining three analogs were hybrids of the two sequences. We have verified that rabbit skeletal fast Tn-I was a better inhibitor than rabbit cardiac Tn-I in a rabbit skeletal actomyosin assay system and extended these studies to show that the same results were found in an assay system which used rabbit cardiac actomyosin. Our skeletal fast muscle peptide analog was also a better inhibitor in both assay systems than the cardiac Tn-I peptide analog. The hybrid peptides indicated that the changing of proline 110 to a threonine residue had no effect and suggested that position 110 was not essential to inhibition. The other amino acid change, the replacement of arginine 113 by a leucine residue, was shown to be the crucial difference and resulted in lower activity. Thus, th differences in relative inhibitory activity of rabbit skeletal fast and cardiac Tn-I can be at least partially and possibly solely explained by the single amino acid substitution at position 113. Short active sequences of proteins, like the Tn-I inhibitory region are potentially of enormous value as probes of structure-function relationships.
O global é aqui (2021)

Como aquilo que é considerado global, pode estar associado a um lugar específico, como o Brasil ou a cidade em que nascemos ou moramos no Brasil, ou seja, um local? Por que podemos afirmar que o global é aqui? Um país “descoberto”, colonizado, no Atlântico Sul, periférico, “exótico”, que, a partir do século XIX ainda buscou civilizar-se aos moldes europeus, assumindo como modelos instituições do Velho Mundo e suas formas de pensamento, legando uma herança construída a partir da colonização do pensamento?