gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal Entrainment Effects on Distributed Combustion (2015)

Colorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) has been shown to provide ultra-low emissions and enhanced combustion performance of high intensity gas turbine combustors in terms of efficiency and stability. To achieve distributed combustion, the flowfield needs to be carefully tailored for adequate mixing between reactants and hot reactive species from within the combustor to result in high temperature low oxygen concentration environment prior to ignition. Such distributed reactions result in uniform thermal field and also eliminates any hot spots for mitigating NOx emission. Though Distributed Combustion have been extensively studied using a variety of geometries, injection velocities, heat release intensities, and fuels, the role of hot reactive internally recirculated gases requires further examination. In this paper, the impact of internal entrainment of reactive gases on flame structure and behavior is investigated with focus on fostering distributed combustion and providing guidelines for designing high intensity combustors operating in distributed combustion mode. A mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, used to simulate the recirculated gases, is introduced to the air stream prior to mixing with the fuel and subsequent combustion. Increase in the amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide (simulating increased entrainment), led to volume distributed reaction over a larger volume in the combustor with enhanced and uniform distribution of the OH* chemiluminescence intensity. At the same time, the bluish flame stabilized by the swirler is replaced with a more uniform almost invisible bluish flame. The increased recirculation also reflected on the pollutants emission, where NO emissions were significantly decreased for the same amount of fuel burned. Lowering oxygen concentration from 21% to 15% (due to increased entrainment) resulted in 80∼90% reduction in NO with no impact on CO emission with sub PPM NO emission achieved at an equivalence ratio of 0.7. The same trend was seen at higher diluents injection temperature as well, with significant pollutants emission reduction down to an oxygen concentration of 10%.
Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Dental Caries Experience in Children (2005)

Dental caries is a major worldwide oral disease problem in children. Although caries are known to be influenced by dietary factors, the disease results from a bacterial infection; thus, caries susceptibility may be affected by host factors such as salivary antimicrobial peptides. This study aimed to determine a possible correlation between caries prevalence in children and salivary concentrations of the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), the cathelicidin LL37, and the alpha-defensins HNP1-3 (a mixture of HNP1, 2, 3). Oral examinations were performed on 149 middle school children, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected for immunoassays of the three peptides and for assay of caries-causing bacteria in saliva. The median salivary levels of hBD-3, LL37, and HNP1-3 were in the microgram/ml range but were highly variable in the population. While levels of LL37 and hBD-3 did not correlate with caries experience, the median HNP1-3 levels were significantly higher in children with no caries than in children with caries. Children with high caries levels did not have high levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans, and the HNP1-3 level was not correlated with salivary S. mutans. By immunohistochemistry we localized HNP1-3 in submandibular salivary duct cells. HNPs are also released by neutrophils into the gingival crevicular fluid. Both sources may account for their presence in saliva. Low salivary levels of HNP1-3 may represent a biological factor that contributes to caries susceptibility. This observation could lead to new ways to screen for caries susceptibility and to new means of assessing the risk for this common oral problem.
An algorithm to correct 2D near-infrared fluorescence signals using 3D intravascular ultrasound architectural information (2011)

Intravascular Near-Infrared Fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is a promising imaging modality to image vessel biology and high-risk plaques in vivo. We have developed a NIRF fiber optic catheter and have presented the ability to image atherosclerotic plaques in vivo, using appropriate NIR fluorescent probes. Our catheter consists of a 100/140 μm core/clad diameter housed in polyethylene tubing, emitting NIR laser light at a 90 degree angle compared to the fiber's axis. The system utilizes a rotational and a translational motor for true 2D imaging and operates in conjunction with a coaxial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) device. IVUS datasets provide 3D images of the internal structure of arteries and are used in our system for anatomical mapping. Using the IVUS images, we are building an accurate hybrid fluorescence-IVUS data inversion scheme that takes into account photon propagation through the blood filled lumen. This hybrid imaging approach can then correct for the non-linear dependence of light intensity on the distance of the fluorescence region from the fiber tip, leading to quantitative imaging. The experimental and algorithmic developments will be presented and the effectiveness of the algorithm showcased with experimental results in both saline and blood-like preparations. The combined structural and molecular information obtained from these two imaging modalities are positioned to enable the accurate diagnosis of biologically high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries that are responsible for heart attacks.
An empirical Bayes estimator for in-scale adaptive filtering (2005)

A scale-adaptive filtering scheme is developed for underspread channels based on a model of the linear time-varying channel operator as a process in scale. Recursions serve the purpose of adding detail to the filter estimate until a suitable measure of fidelity and complexity is met. Resolution of the channel impulse response associated with its coherence time is naturally modeled over the observation time via a Gaussian mixture assignment on wavelet coefficients. Maximum likelihood, approximate maximum a posteriori (MAP) and posterior mean estimators, as well as associated variances, are derived. Doppler spread estimation associated with the coherence time of the filter is synonymous with model order selection and a MAP estimate is presented and compared with Laplace's approximation and the popular AIC. The algorithm is implemented with conjugate-gradient iterations at each scale, and as the coherence time is recursively decreased, the lower scale estimate serves as a starting point for successive reduced-coherence time estimates. The algorithm is applied to a set of simulated sparse multipath Doppler spread channels, demonstrating the superior MSE performance of the posterior mean filter estimator and the superiority of the MAP Doppler spread stopping rule.
Influence of chronic myocardial infarction on exit site localization of ventricular tachycardia using paced body surface map databases (2002)

The exit site of a ventricular tachycardia can be estimated using a multichannel surface ECG, by comparing the QRS integral map of the ECG to a database of paced QRS integral maps. In the presence of chronic myocardial infarction, an appropriate database must be chosen; different databases exist for different infarct locations, because the scar tissue changes the activation wavefront propagation. Using a recently developed method to interpolate in these ECG databases, the differences between patients with and without an infarct scar are quantified. Knowledge of these differences helps one to judge how detrimental it is for localization of VT if a wrong database is chosen, and may help to create a localization algorithm that provides a more accurate estimate in an individual patient when information is present on the size and position of the infarct scar. The results show that differences are clearly present, but limited and well-behaved.
X-band doubly balanced resistive FET mixer with very low intermodulation (1995)

This paper describes a practical realization of a mixer that achieves low intermodulation distortion by using the channel resistance of a GaAs MESFET to provide mixing and achieves even-order spurious response rejection through the use of a doubly balanced structure. Very good results were achieved in terms of second- and third-harmonic levels of -67 and -45 dBC, respectively, at +10 dBm input level. The band-center conversion loss was 11 dB. The circuit was realized in microstrip on an alumina substrate, with a monolithic FET "quad".< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of PPMO for the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (P5.430) (2018)

To evaluate exon skipping and dystrophin production in muscle from mdx mice and cynomolgus monkeys following injection of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) conjugated to phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) or unconjugated PMOs.
OFDM waveforms for frequency agility and opportunities for Doppler processing in radar (2008)

Frequency agility is an important feature when radar operates in jammed environments. With the development of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform in the communications, the opportunity for a new generation of digital agile radar rises. Old and expensive multi-channel analog agile front ends could be replaced by simpler and cost effective single channel transceivers where the coherent switches in frequency are done digitally. The novelty of the paper is to investigate an agile OFDM waveform so that Doppler can be solved despite the apparent frequency agility. The OFDM performance is assessed from the radar point of view, using the ambiguity function as a tool. Our approach considers a pulse burst, each pulse being implemented with OFDM chips. Three patterns for frequency agility from pulse-to-pulse are studied. Preliminary suggestions to accomplish coherent processing in an agile context are derived.
Expression of Rhizopus glucoamylase gene in yeast and its application. (1987)

Rhizopus glucoamylase gene was cloned, sequenced and expressed in yeast. After improvement of the promotors, yeast strains, vectors and carbon sources, upto 13U/ml of glucoamylase was secreted. This means that about 8% of the total yeast protein was secreted as glucoamylase. The study of the structure and function relationship of this glucoamylase suggested that the glucoamylase consisted of two domains; adsorptive domain and catalytic domain. By using the resultant recombinant yeast strain, alcoholic fermentation of starchy materials was also achieved.
Review: Anti-infectives Novel mitomycin derivatives (1995)

Modification studies describing the synthesis of a number of mitomycin derivatives that have appeared in the patent literature during recent years are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the design of the derivatives and their preparation. Biological activities, reaction schemes and structure-activity relationships for the derivatives are also mentioned in this review.
Effects of Swirl Combination and Mixing Tube Geometry on Combustion Instabilities in a Premixed Combustor (2006)

In this paper, flow fields inside a premixed combustor have been investigated by CFD analysis and PIV measurement in a preheating, non-reacting condition. Four types of premixer are examined. The design of the premixer is determined by the combination of swirlers and mixing tubes. There are two variations of triple-concentric swirlers and three variations of mixing tubes. Comparisons are made among mean velocity distributions derived from CFD and PIV. PDF analysis is performed on the data from PIV to discuss the possibility of the occurrence of flashback. Combustion rig tests have been carried out also on similar condition to see combustion instabilities depending on the choice of premixers and operating conditions. Flame is directly observed from crystal windows placed on the side and downstream of the combustion chamber. A glass rod is installed on the wall of the mixing tube so as to see light emissions inside the tube, i.e. evidence of flashback. Pressure fluctuations at the combustor liner are measured in one position. The spectra of pressure fluctuations are computed to look at the possibility of combustion oscillations. Discussions are made on the relation between the global flame structure and pressure modes. Finally, proper premixer configurations to prevent combustion instabilities are proposed.
A Novel Myc Target Gene, mina53, That Is Involved in Cell Proliferation (2002)

Myc is a ubiquitous mediator of cell proliferation and can transactivate the expression of various genes through E-box sites. Here we report a novel gene, mina53 (Myc-induced nuclear antigen with a molecular mass of 53 kDa). The mina53 gene encodes a protein with a molecular weight of 53 kDa, which is localized in the nucleus and with part of the protein concentrated in the nucleolus. When serum-starved cells were activated by serum, the level of c-myc mRNA was elevated, and an increase in mina53 mRNA followed the elevation of c-myc mRNA. When expression of c-myc was reduced in human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the expression of mina53 mRNA and protein was reduced. The expression of mina53 mRNA and Mina53 protein was induced by ectopic introduction of wild type c-Myc but not by a mutant c-Myc lacking the transactivation domain. When c-Myc in the c-MycER chimeric protein was activated, mina53 mRNA was increased, even in the presence of an inhibitor for protein synthesis. E-box sites are present in a region proximal to the transcription initiation sites of the mina53 gene. The gene expression from the mina53 promoter was elevated by c-Myc through E-box sites. c-Myc protein bound to the mina53 promoter region in vivo in HL60 cells in the proliferating phase but not after treatment of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Specific inhibition of mina53 expression by an RNA interference method severely suppressed cell proliferation. Taken together, these results indicate that mina53 is a direct target gene of Myc, suggesting that mina53 is involved in mammalian cell proliferation.
Exploring modeling language for multi-touch systems using petri nets (2013)

The motivation in this research endeavor is to design a flexible and compact modeling language for multi-touch gesture recognition using Petri Nets. The findings demonstrated that a Petri Net can be used effectively for gesture detection, with the potential for such a model to be composed of many Petri Nets for faster and user friendly applications.
Differential assertion checking (2013)

Previous version of a program can be a powerful enabler for program analysis by defining new relative specifications and making the results of current program analysis more relevant. In this paper, we describe the approach of differential assertion checking (DAC) for comparing different versions of a program with respect to a set of assertions. DAC provides a natural way to write relative specifications over two programs. We introduce a novel modular approach to DAC by reducing it to safety checking of a composed program, which can be accomplished by standard program verifiers. In particular, we leverage automatic invariant generation to synthesize relative specifications for pairs of loops and procedures. We provide a preliminary evaluation of a prototype implementation within the SymDiff tool along two directions (a) soundly verifying bug fixes in the presence of loops and (b) providing a knob for suppressing alarms when checking a new version of a program.
The A <sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptor modulates pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (2012)

Development of pulmonary hypertension is a common and deadly complication of interstitial lung disease. Little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease, and effective treatment options are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the adenosine 2B receptor (A(2B)R) as a regulator of vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. To accomplish this, cellular and molecular changes in vascular remodeling were monitored in mice exposed to bleomycin in conjunction with genetic removal of the A(2B)R or treatment with the A(2B)R antagonist GS-6201. Results demonstrated that GS-6201 treatment or genetic removal of the A(2B)R attenuated vascular remodeling and hypertension in our model. Furthermore, direct A(2B)R activation on vascular cells promoted interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 release. These studies identify a novel mechanism of disease progression to pulmonary hypertension and support the development of A(2B)R antagonists for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial lung disease.
An arrangement of two reflective photodetectors for measuring all four Stokes parameters of light (1991)

A folded-path two-detector photopolarimeter for measuring all four Stokes parameters of light is described. The light beam, whose state of polarization is to be measured, strikes the two (windowless and reflective) detector surfaces at oblique incidence and with noncoincident planes of incidence. After reflection from the second detector, the beam is folded back on itself by a mirror and the feedback is interrupted periodically with a light chopper. This intermittent feedback causes square-wave modulation of the two detector outputs which provides a 4×1 current vector I. The unknown 4×1 Stokes vector S of incident light is determined by S=A−1 I, where A is a wavelength-dependent 4×4 instrument matrix which is fixed by calibration. Based on an explicit expression for det A, all potential singularities of A are investigated and are found to be readily avoidable. Optimum parameters are also specified that make A as far from singular as possible by maximizing its determinant.
A combined positron emission tomography (PET)-electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) system: initial evaluation of a prototype scanner (2018)

The advent of hybrid scanners, combining complementary modalities, has revolutionized the application of advanced imaging technology to clinical practice and biomedical research. In this project, we investigated the melding of two complementary, functional imaging methods: positron emission tomography (PET) and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). PET radiotracers can provide important information about cellular parameters, such as glucose metabolism. While EPR probes can provide assessment of tissue microenvironment, measuring oxygenation and pH, for example. Therefore, a combined PET/EPRI scanner promises to provide new insights not attainable with current imagers by simultaneous acquisition of multiple components of tissue microenvironments. To explore the simultaneous acquisition of PET and EPR images, a prototype system was created by combining two existing scanners. Specifically, a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based PET scanner ring designed as a portable scanner was combined with an EPRI scanner designed for the imaging of small animals. The ability of the system to obtain simultaneous images was assessed with a small phantom consisting of four cylinders containing both a PET tracer and EPR spin probe. The resulting images demonstrated the ability to obtain contemporaneous PET and EPR images without cross-modality interference. Given the promising results from this initial investigation, the next step in this project is the construction of the next generation pre-clinical PET/EPRI scanner for multi-parametric assessment of physiologically-important parameters of tissue microenvironments.
CHET: Compiler and Runtime for Homomorphic Evaluation of Tensor Programs (2018)

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely offload storage and computation to a third-party cloud provider without having to trust the software and the hardware vendors with the decryption keys. Recent advances in both FHE schemes and implementations have moved such applications from theoretical possibilities into the realm of practicalities. This paper proposes a compact and well-reasoned interface called the Homomorphic Instruction Set Architecture (HISA) for developing FHE applications. Just as the hardware ISA interface enabled hardware advances to proceed independent of software advances in the compiler and language runtimes, HISA decouples compiler optimizations and runtimes for supporting FHE applications from advancements in the underlying FHE schemes. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of HISA by building an end-to-end software stack for evaluating neural network models on encrypted data. Our stack includes an end-to-end compiler, runtime, and a set of optimizations. Our approach shows generated code, on a set of popular neural network architectures, is faster than hand-optimized implementations.
Heteroduplex DNA mismatch repair system of Streptococcus pneumoniae: cloning and expression of the hexA gene (1985)

Mutations affecting heteroduplex DNA mismatch repair in Streptococcus pneumoniae were localized in two genes, hexA and hexB, by fractionation of restriction fragments carrying mutant alleles. A fragment containing the hexA4 allele was cloned in the S. pneumoniae cloning system, and the hexA+ allele was introduced into the recombinant plasmid by chromosomal facilitation of plasmid transfer. Subcloning localized the functional hexA gene to a 3.5-kilobase segment of the cloned pneumococcal DNA. The product of this gene was shown in Bacillus subtilis minicells to be a polypeptide with an Mr of 86,000. Two mutant alleles of hexA showed partial expression of the repair system when present in multicopy plasmids. A model for mismatch repair, which depends on the interaction of two protein components to recognize the mismatched base pair and excise a segment of DNA between strand breaks surrounding the mismatch, is proposed.
Ultrasonic Control of Fastener Tightening Using Varying Wave Speed (2005)

A high precision ultrasonic technique and a test apparatus are developed for the real time control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process of bolted joints. This is accomplished by monitoring the propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through the fastener material and the reflection of these waves at the end of the fastener. The round trip time of the longitudinal waves is continuously measured and monitored in real time. Using the wave speed in the fastener material, the change in the round trip time determines the fastener elongation, which creates fastener tension and joint clamp load. The wave speed through the bolt material is stress dependent; hence, it continuously changes as the fastener is being elongated during the tightening process. A varying wave speed algorithm is developed and utilized in order to compensate for wave speed variations. Because the torque-tension relationship in threaded fasteners is highly sensitive to friction variations, the scatter in such relationship is often unacceptable, especially in critical applications. By contrast, the automatic control of the fastener elongation during the tightening process would eliminate the dependence on the torque value as a predictor for the bolt tension. Hence, the new ultrasonic technique for the real-control of the fastener tension, by monitoring its elongation, would significantly enhance the reliability of bolted assemblies.