gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion implantation studies of polydiacetylene crystals (1985)

Effects of 150-keV arsenic ion implantation on polydiacetylene crystals are characterized with respect to modifications of structural, electrical, and optical properties of the parent materials. Structural modifications are studied by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that at low and intermediate fluences of implantation, structural changes are mainly associated with effects of the ion beam on the polymer side groups. dc resistivity measurements were performed in the 20 °K&lt;T&lt;290 °K temperature range and the results yield an exponential behavior of the resistivity ρ(T)=ρ0 exp(T0/T)m with the temperature-dependent exponential factor 1/2&lt;m&lt;1 where m → 1 at higher temperatures (T&gt;190 °K) and m → 1/2 at lower temperatures (T&lt;80 °K). Absorption spectra in the visible range from ion-implanted thin crystalline films are also presented and discussed.
Automatically generating search heuristics for concolic testing (2018)

We present a technique to automatically generate search heuristics for concolic testing. A key challenge in concolic testing is how to effectively explore the program's execution paths to achieve high code coverage in a limited time budget. Concolic testing employs a search heuristic to address this challenge, which favors exploring particular types of paths that are most likely to maximize the final coverage. However, manually designing a good search heuristic is nontrivial and typically ends up with suboptimal and unstable outcomes. The goal of this paper is to overcome this shortcoming of concolic testing by automatically generating search heuristics. We define a class of search heuristics, namely a parameterized heuristic, and present an algorithm that efficiently finds an optimal heuristic for each subject program. Experimental results with open-source C programs show that our technique successfully generates search heuristics that significantly outperform existing manually-crafted heuristics in terms of branch coverage and bug-finding.
Intracavity Phase Interferometry Enhanced with Resonant Linear Dispersion (2017)

Intracavity phase interferometry measures a beat frequency between two counter circulating pulses within a mode-locked cavity. A modification of sensitivity through insertion of resonant linear dispersion is experimentally demonstrated, while the pulse velocity remains unchanged.
Magnetic connectors for microfluidic applications (2009)

We present a new type of microfluidic connector that employs a ring magnet on one side of the microfluidic chip and a disc magnet on the other side to produce a sealed connection between external tubing and inlets or outlets of microfluidic devices. The connectors are low-cost, simple to use and assemble, and reusable. We used numerical (finite element) simulations in order to optimize their geometry. Configurations that achieve interfacial forces in the range of 2 N to 15 N are discussed. Several types of gasket materials were explored. Finally, we demonstrate an application of these connectors in a microfluidic device used to generate liposomes.
Vehicle Re-identification: an Efficient Baseline Using Triplet Embedding (2019)

In this paper we tackle the problem of vehicle re-identification in a camera network utilizing triplet embeddings. Re-identification is the problem of matching appearances of objects across different cameras. With the proliferation of surveillance cameras enabling smart and safer cities, there is an ever-increasing need to re-identify vehicles across cameras. Typical challenges arising in smart city scenarios include variations of viewpoints, illumination and self occlusions. Most successful approaches for re-identification involve (deep) learning an embedding space such that the vehicles of same identities are projected closer to one another, compared to the vehicles representing different identities. Popular loss functions for learning an embedding (space) include contrastive or triplet loss. In this paper we provide an extensive evaluation of these losses applied to vehicle re-identification and demonstrate that using the best practices for learning embeddings outperform most of the previous approaches proposed in the vehicle re-identification literature. Compared to most existing state-of-the-art approaches, our approach is simpler and more straightforward for training utilizing only identity-level annotations, along with one of the smallest published embedding dimensions for efficient inference. Furthermore in this work we introduce a formal evaluation of a triplet sampling variant (batch sample) into the re-identification literature.
<i>N</i>-Phenylacetanoyl-<scp>l</scp>-Homoserine Lactones Can Strongly Antagonize or Superagonize Quorum Sensing in <i>Vibrio fischeri</i> (2007)

Bacteria monitor their population densities using low-molecular-weight ligands in a process known as quorum sensing. At sufficient cell densities, bacteria can change their mode of growth and behave as multicellular communities that play critical roles in both beneficial symbioses and the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The development of non-native ligands that can block quorum-sensing signals has emerged as a promising new strategy to attenuate these divergent outcomes. Here, we report that N-phenylacetanoyl-L-homoserine lactones are capable of either inhibiting or, in some cases, strongly inducing quorum sensing in the bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri. Moreover, simple structural modifications to these ligands have remarkable effects on activity. These studies have revealed one of the first synthetic superagonists of quorum sensing, N-(3-nitro-phenylacetanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone. Together, these ligands represent a powerful new class of chemical probes with the potential to significantly expand the current understanding of quorum sensing and its role in host/bacteria interactions.
Compressive Data Persistence in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

This paper considers a large-scale wireless sensor network where sensor readings are occasionally collected by a mobile sink, and sensor nodes are responsible for temporarily storing their own readings in an energy-efficient and storage-efficient way. Existing data persistence schemes based on erasure codes do not utilize the correlation between sensor data, and their decoding ratio is always larger than one. Motivated by the emerging compressive sensing theory, we propose compressive data persistence which simultaneously achieves data compression and data persistence. In the development of compressive data persistence scheme, we design a distributed compressive sensing encoding approach based on Metropolis-Hastings random walk. When the maximum step of random walk is 400, our proposed scheme can achieve a decoding ratio of 0.36 for 10%-sparse data. We also compare our scheme with a state-of-the-art Fountain code based scheme. Simulation shows that our scheme can significantly reduce the decoding ratio by up to 63%.
A wideband linear direct digital RF modulator using harmonic rejection and I/Q-interleaving RF DACs (2017)

This paper presents a wideband linear direct digital RF modulator (DDRM) in 40nm CMOS technology. It features an advanced 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order-hold interpolation filter and I/Q-interleaving harmonic rejection RF DACs. The 2×9-bit DDRM core occupies 0.21mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes only 110mW at 1 GHz. Within the 0.9-3.1GHz frequency range, the peak output power reaches +9.2dBm and the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> /5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> harmonic rejection, C-IMD3, and OIP3 are respectively better than 30 dB, -44 dBc, and +25 dBm. The EVM and ACPR at 3 GHz for a 57-MHz 64-QAM signal are better than -30 dB and -45 dB, respectively, and ACPR remains as low as -44 dBc up to a wide bandwidth of 110 MHz.
A sugar engineered non-fucosylated anti-CD40 antibody, SEA-CD40, with enhanced immune stimulatory activity alone and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (2015)

3074 Background: SEA-CD40 is a non-fucosylated, humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against human CD40. It is derived from dacetuzumab, a humanized IgG1 previously developed for B-lineage malignancies. Antibody glycosylation is essential for Fc receptor-mediated activity and nonfucosylated antibodies may show improved efficacy via increased binding to FcγRIIIa (CD16). Methods: Enhanced functionality of SEA-CD40 was determined through FcγRIIIa binding, immune activation, and induction of antigen-specific T-cells Results: While SEA-CD40 and the parent antibody dacetuzumab bind to CD40 with similar affinity, the non-fucosylated SEA-CD40 has a higher affinity for both low (158F) and high (158V) affinity FcγRIIIa. The consequence of enhanced SEA-CD40/FcγRIIIa binding is potent ADCC activity and improved agonistic signaling to antigen presenting cells (APCs). SEA-CD40 treatment of human PBMCs elicits a robust immune response consisting of proinflammatory cytokine production, APC maturation and up-regulation of co-stimulatory receptors on APCs with activity at antibody concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml. Utilizing a surrogate antibody against mouse CD40, the immune stimulatory properties of nonfucosylated anti-CD40 were confirmed in vivo in syngeneic tumor models. SEA-CD40 induction of antigen specific T-cells was assessed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to the M1 influenza antigen. SEA-CD40 stimulated the expansion of influenza specific T-cells and elevated their production of IFNγ. Likewise, SEA-CD40 also stimulated T-cell proliferation and IFNγ production in PBMCs from melanoma, pancreatic, or breast cancer patients in response to a mixture of the tumor-associated antigens MAGE-A1/A3. Interestingly, antigen-specific T-cell responses to both the influenza and tumor antigens were enhanced in the presence of blocking antibodies to CTLA4 or PD1. Conclusions: These observations demonstrate the potential of combining the non-fucosylated agonistic SEA-CD40 with immune check point inhibitors to generate more effective adaptive antitumor immune responses.
The Frequency and Significance of Intraamniotic Inflammation in Patients With Cervical Insufficiency (2008)

The mechanisms underlying cervical insufficiency, a cause of spontaneous second-trimester abortion and early preterm birth, remain poorly understood. There is, however, evidence that amniotic fluid (AF) infection is a key factor in pregnancy outcomes and postoperative complications. This study was an attempt to determine the frequency and clinical importance of intraamniotic inflammation in 52 patients with acute cervical insufficiency, defined as cervical dilation of 1.5 cm or more. The patients, seen at 17 to 29 weeks’ gestation, had intact membranes, and were not having regular uterine connections. AF samples were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and genital mycoplasmas, and assayed for matrix metalloproteinase-8; a level exceeding 23 ng/mL was deemed to represent the presence of intraamniotic inflammation. Intraamniotic inflammation was present in 42 of the 52 study patients (81%), and 4 patients (8%) had a positive AF culture. All culture-positive patients had intraamniotic inflammation. Among patients with intraamniotic inflammation but not AF infection, preterm delivery occurred within 7 days in 50%, and delivery before 34 weeks gestation, in 84%. More than half of newborn infants (55%) whose mothers had inflammation but not infection died within 24 hours of birth. The presence of intraamniotic inflammation was associated with a shorter interval between amniocentesis to delivery. The risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome did not differ between patients with intraamniotic inflammation and a negative culture on the one hand and, on the other, between those with confirmed AF infection. Fetal morbidity was not substantially altered by cesarean delivery. Whether the AF is culture-positive, a large majority of patients with acute cervical insufficiency have intraamniotic inflammation, and this is a risk factor for both preterm delivery and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Ghrelin treatment reverses the reduction in weight gain and body fat in gastrectomised mice (2005)

Ghrelin replacement partially reversed the gastrectomy induced reduction in body weight, lean body mass, and body fat but not in bone mass. In sham operated mice, ghrelin only increased fat mass. Our results suggest that ghrelin is mainly concerned with the control of fat metabolism and that ghrelin replacement therapy may alleviate the weight loss associated with gastrectomy.
Structured LDPC Codes from Permutation Matrices Free of Small Trapping Sets (2010)

This paper introduces a class of structured lowdensity parity-check (LDPC) codes whose parity check matrices are arrays of permutation matrices. The permutation matrices are obtained from Latin squares and form a finite field under some matrix operations. They are chosen so that the Tanner graphs do not contain subgraphs harmful to iterative decoding algorithms. The construction of column-weight-three codes is presented. Although the codes are optimized for the Gallager A/B algorithm over the binary symmetric channel (BSC), their error performance is very good on the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC) as well.
Continuous recording of changes in intracranial pressure using interference echoes of ultrasonic wave: A preliminary report of practicality and clinical evaluation (1992)

We attempted to examine intracranial pressure (ICP) noninvasively using probes receiving interference echoes of ultrasound from thin layers between the skull and the surface of the cerebrum. The reception of echo through bone flaps less than 5-mm thick was good. Normal adults (4) and patients (4) were examined by attaching ultrasound probes to the frontotemporal scalp. Recordings were performed during rest, Valsalva maneuver, hyperventilation, and pumping of a shunt-flushing device. Ultrasound recordings of ICP were compared with those of the scalp using two different time windows. The effect of scalp vessels on the ultrasound recordings of ICP was evaluated. The waves from a pressure transducer and the ultrasound probe were similar. This method was found to be useful for ICP recording.
Selection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Vaccine Escape Mutants in HBV-Infected and HBV/HIV-Coinfected Patients Failing Antiretroviral Drugs With Anti-HBV Activity (2007)

Circulation of HBV encoding envelope mutations with diminished HBs antigen-antibody binding as result of selection of drug-resistance mutations may occur, particularly in patients infected with HBV genotype A, the most prevalent genotype among HBV/HIV-coinfected patients. Such mutations might represent a public health concern because of the potential risk of transmission of HBV drug- and vaccine-resistant strains.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of sustained‐release dosage forms of theophylline in humans: Comparison of single and multiple dose studies (1987)

A pharmacokinetic analysis of two sustained-release dosage forms of theophylline (Theo-Dur and Theotrim) was carried out following single and multiple dose administrations of the two formulations in five healthy subjects. Despite the prolonged absorption after administration of the two sustained-release formulations, theoretical predictions of theophylline steady-state levels following multiple dosages based upon data obtained from the single dose study, correlated with the data of the multiple dose study. This study shows that the recommended dose and dosage regimen of new sustained-release formulations of theophylline can be based upon single dose studies. In the population studied, repetitive doses of 450 mg b.i.d. of Theo-Dur and Theotrim maintain steady-state concentrations of theophylline within the drug's therapeutic window.
A MUD/rate selection tool for cognitive radios in packet based asynchronous Gaussian multiple access channels (2013)

This work addresses the problem of on-the-fly optimization of throughput for MUD-based cognitive coexistence systems. Specifically, achievable throughput depends upon several factors including power and rate of the interfering signals as well as the exact level of interference or cross correlation between the interferers [5]. What is less understood is the impact a specific MUD technique will have on achievable throughput. For both types of coexistence, then, a critical enabler is, indeed, the MUD receiver, but having a MUD doesn't guarantee a successful IMA link. Currently, prototype MUD-based IMA systems such as the DIMA system described in [6] must rely upon coordination of all interfering users via an IMA medium access controller (MAC) to ensure the specific details governing the scenario like powers and rates, do not “break the MUD” receivers that have been implemented within the IMA radios.
Spur: Mitigating Slow Instances in Large-Scale Streaming Pipelines (2020)

Bing's monetization pipeline is one of the largest and most critical streaming workloads deployed in Microsoft's internal data lake. The pipeline runs 24/7 at a scale of 3500 YARN containers and is required to meet a Service Level Objective (SLO) of low tail latency. In this paper, we highlight some of the unique challenges imposed by this large scale of operation: other concurrent workloads sharing the cluster may cause random performance deterioration; unavailability of external dependencies may cause temporary stalls in the pipeline; scarcity in the underlying resource manager may cause arbitrarily long delays or rejection of container allocation requests. Weathering these challenges requires specially tailored dynamic control policies that react to these issues as and when they arise. We focus on the problem of reducing the latency in the tail, i.e., 99th percentile (p99), by detecting and mitigating slow instances through speculative replication. We show that widely used approaches do not satisfactorily solve this issue at our scale. A conservative approach is hesitant to acquire additional resources, reacts too slowly to the changes in the environment and therefore achieves little improvement in p99 latency. On the other hand, an aggressive approach overwhelms the underlying resource manager with unnecessary resource requests and paradoxically worsens the p99 latency. Our proposed approach, Spur, is designed for this challenging environment. It combines aggressive detection of slow instances with smart pruning of false positives to achieve a far better trade-off between these conflicting objectives. Using only 0.5% additional resources (similar to the conservative approach), we demonstrate a 10% -38% improvement in the tail latency compared to both conservative and aggressive approaches.
Exchange‐Coupled Nanocomposite Magnets by Nanoparticle Self‐Assembly. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Anthrax Lethal Factor and Protective Antigen Act Independently To Protect against<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Infection and Enhance Endogenous Immunity to Anthrax (2007)

The unpredictable nature of bioterrorism and the absence of real-time detection systems have highlighted the need for an efficient postexposure therapy for Bacillus anthracis infection. One approach is passive immunization through the administration of antibodies that mitigate the biological action of anthrax toxin. We isolated and characterized two protective fully human monoclonal antibodies with specificity for protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF). These antibodies, designated IQNPA (anti-PA) and IQNLF (anti-LF), were developed as hybridomas from individuals immunized with licensed anthrax vaccine. The effective concentration of IQNPA that neutralized 50% of the toxin in anthrax toxin neutralization assays was 0.3 nM, while 0.1 nM IQNLF neutralized the same amount of toxin. When combined, the antibodies had additive neutralization efficacy. IQNPA binds to domain IV of PA containing the host cell receptor binding site, while IQNLF recognizes domain I containing the PA binding region in LF. A single 180-mug dose of either antibody given to A/J mice 2.5 h before challenge conferred 100% protection against a lethal intraperitoneal spore challenge with 24 50% lethal doses [LD50s] of B. anthracis Sterne and against rechallenge on day 20 with a more aggressive challenge dose of 41 LD50s. Mice treated with either antibody and infected with B. anthracis Sterne developed detectable murine anti-PA and anti-LF immunoglobulin G antibody responses by day 17 that were dependent on which antibody the mice had received. Based on these results, IQNPA and IQNLF act independently during prophylactic anthrax treatment and do not interfere with the establishment of endogenous immunity.
Phased subarray imaging for low-cost, wideband coherent array imaging (2004)

The front-end hardware complexity of conventional full phased array (FPA) imaging is proportional to the number of array elements. Phased subarray (PSA) imaging has been proposed as a method of reducing the hardware complexity $and therefore system cost and size - while achieving near-FPA image quality. A new method is presented for designing the subarray-dependent interpolation filters suitable for wideband PSA imaging. The method was tested experimentally using pulse-echo data of a wire target phantom acquired using a 3.2-cm, 128-element capacitive micromachines ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array with 85% fractional bandwidth at 3 MHz. A specific PSA configuration using seven 32-element subarrays was compared to FPA imaging, representing a 4-fold reduction in front-end hardware complexity and a 43% decrease in frame rate. For targets near the fixed transmit focal distance, the mean 6-dB lateral resolution was identical to that of FPA, the axial resolution improved by 4%, and the SNR decreased by 5 dB. Measurements were repeated for 10 different PSA configurations with subarray sizes ranging from 4 to 60. The lateral and axial resolutions did not vary significantly with subarray size; both the SNR and contrast-to-noise ration (CNR) improved with increased subarray size.