gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of CKS1B Expression Affects Myeloma Cell Growth In Vivo. (2006)

Abstract CKS1B is the regulatory component of the SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquinates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 targeting it for proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of CKS1B is associated with poor prognosis in malignancies such as oral squamous cell carcinomas, colorectal carcinoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and others. Recently, high expression levels of CKS1B were associated with an aggressive course of Multiple Myeloma (Shaughnessy J. Hematology. 2005;10 Suppl 1:117). We investigated whether inhibition of CKS1B in myeloma cell lines with multiple copies of 1q21 and high expression of CKS1B affects in vivo tumor growth. Myeloma cell lines were transduced with lentivirus conditionally expressing (tet on) CKS1B shRNA and lentivirus constitutively expressing luciferase (for in vivo experiments), or with lentivirus constitutively expressing CKS1B shRNA (for in vitro work). Cells with inducible expression were injected into the human bones of SCID-hu mice, and, once tumors established, expression was induced with doxycycline in the drinking water. Changes in tumor sizes were followed by weekly luminescence imaging. Cells with constitutive shRNA expression were used to determine effects on cell cycle by propidium iodide flow cytometry. Effects of shRNA expression on cytoplasmic and nuclear CKS1B and p27kip1 levels were determined by western blot analysis. Induction of CKS1B shRNA expression in JJN3 and OCI-MY5 cells in SCID-hu mice inhibited tumor growth by 57% and 81% within one week, compared to non-targeting construct. As expected, viable cells recovered from these tumors had low levels of CKS1B and higher levels of p27kip1 proteins. Similar to observations in the MM cell lines JJN3 and OCI-MY5 (see Abstract by Zhan and colleagues), constitutive expression of shRNA in CAG and XG1 cells effectively reduced cytoplasmic and nuclear CKS1B protein levels. This was associated with increased levels of p27kip1 protein, marked (51%) increases of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and reduced S and G2 (33% and 52%, respectively), compatible with a G1 arrest, and a 76% increase in the number of sub G1 (apoptotic) cells. In contrast to these observations, cells constitutively over-expressing p27kip1 had no change in G1, 50% fewer cells in S, and a 150% increase in G2, indicating G1 and G2 arrests, with no change in the sub G1 fraction. Interestingly, cells over-expressing p27kip1 had lower levels of CKS1B proteins, compatible with the reported proteasomal degradation of the molecule during the later phases of the cell cycle (Hattori T et al, Genes Cells.2003;8:889). These observations suggest that the poor prognosis associated with 1q21 amplifications and high CKS1B expression in myeloma reflects an elevated proliferative state of the tumor cells that results in rapid regrowth of minimal residual disease.
Characterizations of gas purge valves for liquid alignment and gas removal in a microfluidic chip (2012)

Two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gas purge valves for excessive gas removal in general lab-on-a-chip applications are presented in this paper. Both valves are devised based on a three-layer configuration comprising a top layer for liquid channels, a membrane and a bottom layer for gas channels. The pneumatic valves work as a normal gateway for fluids when the membrane is bulged down (open state) by vacuum or pushed up (closed state) by pressure. In the closed state, the air in front of a liquid can be removed through a small notch or a permeable PDMS membrane by compressing the liquid. The purge valve with a small notch across its valve seat, termed surface-tension (ST) valve, can be operated with pressure under 11.5 kPa. The liquid is mainly retained by the surface tension resulting from the hydrophobic channel walls. In contrast, the purge valve with vacuum-filled grooves adjacent to a liquid channel, termed gas-permeation (GP) valve, can be operated at pressure above 5.5 kPa. Based on the principle of gas permeation, the excessive air can be slowly removed through the vent grooves. Detailed evaluations of both valves in a pneumatically driven microfluidic chip were conducted. Specifically, the purge valves enable users to remove gas and passively align liquids at desired locations without using sensing devices or feedback circuits. Finally, a rapid mixing reaction was successfully performed with the GP valves, showing their practicability as incorporated in a microfluidic chip.
DIDACTIC: A Data-Intelligent Digital-to-Analog Converter with a Trainable Integrated Circuit using Memristors (2017)

In an increasingly data-diverse world, in which data are interactively transferred at high rates, there is an ever-growing demand for high-precision data converters. In this paper, we propose a novel digital-to-analog converter (DAC) configuration that is calibrated using an artificial intelligence neural network technique. The proposed technique is demonstrated on an adaptive and self-calibrated binary-weighted DAC that can be configured on-chip in real time. We design a reconfigurable 4-bit DAC with a memristor-based neural network. This circuit uses an online supervised machine learning algorithm called “binary-weighted time-varying gradient descent.” This algorithm fits multiple full-scale voltage ranges and sampling frequencies by iterative synaptic adjustments, while inherently providing mismatch calibration and noise tolerance. Theoretical analysis, as well as simulation results, show the efficiency and robustness of the training algorithm in reconfiguration, self-calibration, and desensitization, leading to a significant improvement in DAC accuracy: 0.12 LSB in terms of integral non-linearity, 0.11 LSB in terms of differential non-linearity, and 3.63 bits in terms of effective number of bits. The findings constitute a promising milestone toward scalable data-driven converters using deep neural networks.
Improvement of a 4-Channel Spiral-Loop RF Coil Array for TMJ MR Imaging at 7T (2012)

+ maps were measured in 7T. Results: In the EM simulation result and MRI study at 7T, the 4-channel spiral-loop coil array found a superior B1 perfor- mance and a higher B1 + profile inside the human head as well as a slightly better SNR than the 4-channel single-loop coil array. Conclusion: Although B 1 fields are produced under the influence of the dielectric properties of the subject rather than the coil configuration alone at 7T, each RF coil exhibited not only special but also specific characteristics that could make it suited for specific application such as TMJ imaging.
Intelligent access network selection in converged multi-radio heterogeneous networks (2014)

Heterogeneous multi-radio networks are emerging network architectures that comprise hierarchical deployments of increasingly smaller cells. In these deployments, each user device may employ multiple radio access technologies to communicate with network infrastructure. With the growing numbers of such multi-radio consumer devices, mobile network operators seek to leverage spectrum across diverse radio technologies, thus boosting capacity and enhancing quality of service. In this article, we review major challenges in delivering uniform connectivity and service experience to converged multiradio heterogeneous deployments. We envision that multiple radios and associated device/infrastructure intelligence for their efficient use will become a fundamental characteristic of future 5G technologies, where the distributed unlicensed-band network (e.g., WiFi) may take advantage of the centralized control function residing in the cellular network (e.g., 3GPP LTE). Illustrating several available architectural choices for integrating WiFi and LTE networks, we specifically focus on interworking within the radio access network and detail feasible options for intelligent access network selection. Both network- and user-centric approaches are considered, wherein the control rests with the network or the user. In particular, our system-level simulation results indicate that load-aware usercentric schemes, which augment SNR measurements with additional information about network loading, could improve the performance of conventional WiFi-preferred solutions based on minimum SNR threshold. Comparison with more advanced network-controlled schemes has also been completed to confirm attractive practical benefits of distributed user-centric algorithms. Building on extensive system-wide simulation data, we also propose novel analytical space-time methodology for assisted network selection capturing user traffic dynamics together with spatial randomness of multi-radio heterogeneous networks.
Ultrafast photonic micro-systems to manipulate hard X-rays at 300 picoseconds (2019)

Time-resolved and ultrafast hard X-ray imaging, scattering and spectroscopy are powerful tools for elucidating the temporal and spatial evolution of complexity in materials. However, their temporal resolution has been limited by the storage-ring timing patterns and X-ray pulse width at synchrotron sources. Here we demonstrate that dynamic X-ray optics based on micro-electro-mechanical-system resonators can manipulate hard X-ray pulses on time scales down to 300 ps, comparable to the X-ray pulse width from typical synchrotron sources. This is achieved by timing the resonators with the storage ring to diffract X-ray pulses through the narrow Bragg peak of the single-crystalline material. Angular velocities exceeding 10<sup>7</sup> degrees s<sup>-1</sup> are reached while maintaining the maximum linear velocity well below the sonic speed and material breakdown limit. As the time scale of the devices shortens, the devices promise to spatially disperse the temporal width of X-rays, thus generating a temporal resolution below the pulse-width limit.
Anisotropic nanoporous coating (2006)

Porous coating production, e.g. for medical implant, involves depositing first mono-layer(s) of temporary particles on surface, depositing coating(s) on particles, eliminating temporary particles forming pores, and coating fixation step NOVELTY - Producing porous coating comprises providing support with surface, depositing first mono-layer(s) of temporary particles on surface, depositing coating(s) on temporary particles, eliminating the temporary particles forming pores to obtain structure with a porosity with anisotropic pore size distribution, and coating fixation step. The porous coating has anisotropic pore size distribution in the micro or nano-size domain and has surface with thickness 10 nm-10 mm. USE - The method is useful for producing porous coating for use in object, e.g. medical implant, stent, or orthopedic implant. ADVANTAGE - The method provides coating with controlled structure in micro- and nano-size domain; and reduces the temperature for obtaining crystalline coatings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The median value of pore size distribution in the coating varies from the surface of the object to the free surface of the coating. The mean value of pore size distribution at the free surface of the coating is less than 1 microns. The coating is made of distinct sub-layers with distinct porosity size distributions. The two porosity mean pore diameters differ by factor of greater than or equal to100. The substance is drug, anticoagulant substance, anti-proliferative substance, antibiotic substance, bacteriostatic substance or growth factor. The pores are used to receive cells. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacturing anisotropic porous coating with pore size distribution in micro or nano-size domain on support of object.
Password authenticated key exchange using hidden smooth subgroups (2005)

Existing techniques for designing efficient password authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocols all can be viewed as variations of a small number of fundamental paradigms, and all are based on either the Diffie-Hellman or RSA assumptions. In this paper we propose a new technique for the design of PAKE protocols that does not fall into any of those paradigms, and which is based on a different assumption. In our technique, the server uses the password to construct a multiplicative group with a (hidden) smooth order subgroup, where the group order depends on the password. The client uses its knowledge of the password to generate a root extraction problem instance in the server's group and a discrete logarithm problem instance in the (smooth order) subgroup. If the server constructed its group correctly based on the password, the server can use its knowledge of the group order to solve the root extraction problem, and can solve the discrete logarithm problem by leveraging the smoothness of the hidden subgroup.The resulting scheme is provably secure (in the random oracle model) under the "decision subgroup assumption." The scheme can be efficiently instantiated using composite modulus groups, in which case the client and server each perform the equivalent of a small number of modular exponentiations, and the security reduces to a simple variant of the "Φ-hiding" assumption. We provide preliminary implementation results of this instantiation.
Low effective mass leading to high thermoelectric performance (2012)

High Seebeck coefficient by creating large density-of-states effective mass through either electronic structure modification or manipulating nanostructures is commonly considered as a route to advanced thermoelectrics. However, large density-of-state due to flat bands leads to large transport effective mass, which results in a simultaneous decrease of mobility. In fact, the net effect of such a high effective mass is a lower thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, when the carriers are predominantly scattered by phonons according to the deformation potential theory of Bardeen–Shockley. We demonstrate that the beneficial effect of light effective mass contributes to high zT in n-type thermoelectric PbTe, where doping and temperature can be used to tune the effective mass. This clear demonstration of the deformation potential theory to thermoelectrics shows that the guiding principle for band structure engineering should be low effective mass along the transport direction.
Monocrystalline ZnTe/CdTe/MgCdTe double heterostructure solar cells grown on InSb substrates (2015)

Monocrystalline p-ZnTe/p-CdTe/n-CdTe/n-MgCdTe double-heterostructure (DH) solar cells are designed and demonstrated with a maximum efficiency of 10.9 %, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 759 mV, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 21.2 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 67.4 %. The low efficiency is mainly due to the combination of the low VOC and FF, which are attributed to high interface recombination at the ZnTe/CdTe, and p-CdTe/n-CdTe interfaces. Activation energies (EA) of 1.54 eV and 1.25 eV are obtained from temperature dependent light-IV measurements, indicating that the dominant recombination mechanism changes from interface recombination for non-annealed devices to bulk recombination for devices annealed at 450 °C.
Magnetic properties and structure of Fe83.3–85.8B7.0–4.5P9Cu0.7 nanocrystalline alloys (2013)

The effects of Fe content on the magnetic properties and fine structure of the nanocrystalline Fe-B-P-Cu alloys have been investigated, with the objective of enhancing their magnetic softness. The nanocrystalline Fe83.3+xB7−xP9Cu0.7 (x = 0.0–2.5) alloys annealed at 673 K consist of uniform α-Fe grains embedded in a residual amorphous phase, and the average α-Fe grain diameter decreases from 18.1 to 14.6 nm with increasing Fe content. At the same time, the saturation magnetic flux density (Bs) increases and the coercivity (Hc) decreases with increasing Fe content and the x = 1.0 alloy has a high Bs of 1.72 T and a low Hc of 2.9 A/m. At x = 2.0 or higher, however, Hc drastically deteriorates from the effect of the coarse α-Fe grains. The core loss (W) of the x = 1.0 alloy at 50 Hz-1.6 T is 0.26 W/kg, which is one-third of that for oriented magnetic steel. These results indicate that the magnetic properties and structure of nanocrystalline Fe-B-P-Cu alloys are strongly affected by Fe content.
3D Hand Gesture Analysis through a Real-Time Gesture Search Engine (2015)

3D gesture recognition and tracking are highly desired features of interaction design in future mobile and smart environments. Specifically, in virtual/augmented reality applications, intuitive interaction with the physical space seems unavoidable and 3D gestural interaction might be the most effective alternative for the current input facilities such as touchscreens. In this paper, we introduce a novel solution for real-time 3D gesture-based interaction by finding the best match from an extremely large gesture database. This database includes images of various articulated hand gestures with the annotated 3D position/orientation parameters of the hand joints. Our unique matching algorithm is based on the hierarchical scoring of the low-level edge-orientation features between the query frames and database and retrieving the best match. Once the best match is found from the database in each moment, the pre-recorded 3D motion parameters can instantly be used for natural interaction. The proposed bare-hand interaction technology performs in real time with high accuracy using an ordinary camera.
Real-time Monitoring of <i>In Vivo</i> Acute Necrotic Cancer Cell Death Induced by Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (2012)

A new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) that uses a near infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated with a mAb, has recently been described. NIR light exposure leads to immediate, target-selective necrotic cell death in vitro. Detecting immediate in vivo cell death is more difficult because it takes at least 3 days for the tumor to begin to shrink in size. In this study, fluorescence lifetime (FLT) was evaluated before and after PIT for monitoring the immediate cytotoxic effects of NIR mediated mAb-IR700 PIT. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) panitumumab-IR700 was used for targeting EGFR-expressing A431 tumor cells. PIT with various doses of NIR light was conducted in cell pellets in vitro and in subcutaneously xenografted tumors in mice in vivo. FLT measurements were obtained before and 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours after PIT. In vitro, PIT at higher doses of NIR light immediately led to FLT shortening in A431 cells. In vivo PIT induced immediate shortening of FLT in treated tumors after a threshold NIR dose of 30 J/cm(2) or greater. In contrast, lower levels of NIR light (10 J/cm(2) or smaller) did not induce shortening of FLT. Prolongation of FLT in tissue surrounding the tumor site was noted 6 hours after PIT, likely reflecting phagocytosis by macrophages. In conclusion, FLT imaging can be used to monitor the acute cytotoxic effects of mAb-IR700-induced PIT even before morphological changes can be seen in the targeted tumors.
Recent progress in photocatalysts for overall water splitting under visible light (2009)

Photocatalytic overall water splitting promises to enable a sustainable large-scale hydrogen-based energy system using solar light, and great attention has been paid to the development of photocatalysts. It is necessary to develop photocatalysts that function under visible light to utilize sunlight efficiently. We have proposed non-oxide materials as candidates for visible-light-driven photocatalysts for overall water splitting, and this manuscript presents our recent research in photocatalyst development. Some oxynitride photocatalysts, modified with appropriate cocatalysts, showed performance for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation. The modification with cocatalysts drastically improved the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions, indicating the importance of controlling the surface active sites. Two-step excitation systems, known as Z-schemes, can significantly expand the range of light available for water splitting to longer wavelengths.
The Interplay of Modulus, Strength, and Ductility in Adhesive Design Using Biomimetic Polymer Chemistry (2015)

High‐performance adhesives require mechanical properties tuned to demands of the surroundings. A mismatch in stiffness between substrate and adhesive leads to stress concentrations and fracture when the bonding is subjected to mechanical load. Balancing material strength versus ductility, as well as considering the relationship between adhesive modulus and substrate modulus, creates stronger joints. However, a detailed understanding of how these properties interplay is lacking. Here, a biomimetic terpolymer is altered systematically to identify regions of optimal bonding. Mechanical properties of these terpolymers are tailored by controlling the amount of a methyl methacrylate stiff monomer versus a similar monomer containing flexible poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Dopamine methacrylamide, the cross‐linking monomer, is a catechol moiety analogous to 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, a key component in the adhesive proteins of marine mussels. Bulk adhesion of this family of terpolymers is tested on metal and plastic substrates. Incorporating higher amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) into the terpolymer introduces flexibility and ductility. By taking a systematic approach to polymer design, the region in which material strength and ductility are balanced in relation to the substrate modulus is found, thereby yielding the most robust joints.
Stable and Fluid Multilayer Phospholipid–Silica Thin Films: Mimicking Active Multi-lamellar Biological Assemblies (2013)

Phospholipid-based nanomaterials are of interest in several applications including drug delivery, sensing, energy harvesting, and as model systems in basic research. However, a general challenge in creating functional hybrid biomaterials from phospholipid assemblies is their fragility, instability in air, insolubility in water, and the difficulty of integrating them into useful composites that retain or enhance the properties of interest, therefore limiting there use in integrated devices. We document the synthesis and characterization of highly ordered and stable phospholipid-silica thin films that resemble multilamellar architectures present in nature such as the myelin sheath. We have used a near room temperature chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize these robust functional materials. Highly ordered lipid films are exposed to vapors of silica precursor resulting in the formation of nanostructured hybrid assemblies. This process is simple, scalable, and offers advantages such as exclusion of ethanol and no (or minimal) need for exposure to mineral acids, which are generally required in conventional sol-gel synthesis strategies. The structure of the phospholipid-silica assemblies can be tuned to either lamellar or hexagonal organization depending on the synthesis conditions. The phospholipid-silica films exhibit long-term structural stability in air as well as when placed in aqueous solutions and maintain their fluidity under aqueous or humid conditions. This platform provides a model for robust implementation of phospholipid multilayers and a means toward future applications of functional phospholipid supramolecular assemblies in device integration.
Cancer Immunotherapy with Alloreactive Lymphocytes (2000)

In this issue of the Journal, Childs and colleagues present preliminary evidence that in patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer, infusions of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells after a preparative regimen that does not ablate the bone marrow (nonmyeloablative stem-cell transplantation) may be an effective treatment.1 This report opens new therapeutic possibilities not only for metastatic renal-cell cancer but also for other solid tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.The basis of this treatment rests in part on observations that were made in patients who were treated with the classic approach to certain types of leukemia: very high doses . . .