gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rearing Period and Grafting Method on the Queen Bee Rearing (2005)

Abstract Gene, F., Emsen, B. and Dodologlu, A. 2005. Effects of rearing period and grafting method on the queen bee rearing. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 27: 45–48. The effect of three grafting methods, addition of royal jelly (A), dry grafting (B) and grafting with addition of water (C) and three months of summer in June, July and August, on queen bee rearing were investigated. The highest larvae acceptance rates were observed by dry grafting in July and grafting with addition of royal jelly in July and August. The height of queen cell was highest by the use of royal jelly in June and August. The shortest pre-oviposition period was observed by addition of royal jelly in July and by other two methods in June, July. Mating rate, number of spermatozoa, spermatheca diameter and emergence queen weight were not affected by treatments. More studies are suggested before any definite recommendation could be made. Key words: Honey bee (Apis mellifera)queen rearingcharacteristics of queengrafting method
Enhancement of Cationic Antimicrobial Materials via Cholesterol Incorporation (2013)

Cationic antimicrobial materials are an attractive option for treating drug-resistant bacteria. Their membrane lytic mechanism can provide broad spectrum antimicrobial activity while largely negating natural resistance development. Selectivity is achieved using non-specific electrostatic interactions since microbial membranes display significantly more peripheral negative charge than due eukaryotic bilayers. Following membrane association, structural changes occur causing bilayer destabilization and cell lysis. Herein, antimicrobial effects of enhanced membrane assimilation are examined. Cholesterol, a functionalizable small molecule that assimilates abundantly within cell membranes, is chosen to increase membrane penetration ability to improve antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, cholesterol has an ability to template interesting nanostructures due to its propensity for rotative face-on-face stacking. The installation of cationic polycarbonates with systematically varied chain lengths from three separate cholesteryl initiators is accomplished using organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization. Introduction of cholesteryl oligomers into aqueous media creates "coin" shaped self-assemblies possessing high exterior cationic charge density. Continued evaluation of these assemblies demonstrates broad spectrum activity against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeraginosa, and C. albicans. Additional results show that, despite repeated sub-lethal dosing, E. coli does not evolve drug-resistance and maintains the wild-type minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.3 mg L(-1) .
Representational difference analysis using myeloid cells from C/EBPε deletional mice (2000)

C/EBPε is a recently cloned member of the C/EBP family of transcriptional factors. Previous studies demonstrated that the expression of this gene is tightly regulated in a tissue specific manner; it is expressed exclusively in myeloid cells. C/EBPε-deficient mice developed normally but failed to generate functional neutrophils and eosinophils, and these mice died of opportunistic infections suggesting that C/EBPε may play a central role in myeloid differentiation. To identify myelomonocytic genes regulated by the C/EBPε gene, we performed representational difference analysis (RDA), a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based subtractive hybridization using neutrophils and macrophages from wild-type and C/EBPε knockout mice. We identified a set of differentially expressed genes, including chemokines specific to myelomonocytic cells. Several novel genes were identified that were differentially expressed in normal myelomonocytic cells. Taken together, we have found several genes whose expression might be enhanced by C/EBPε.
Super Barrier Rectifier - A New Generation of Power Diode (2007)

The main principle behind the new Super Barrier Rectifier (SBR) approach is to create the "Super" barrier for majority carriers without unreliable metal-semiconductor Schottky contact. SBR technology creates such barrier in the MOS channel. The height of this barrier can be easily adjusted by the doping concentration in the channel. This paper demonstrates that the new power diodes combine high performance and high reliability for low voltage applications (below 100V). The underlying concepts and analysis of operation are presented as well as the lab test results that compare performance and reliability between Schottky and the new SBR diode.
Nucleoside analogues. 13. The effect on anti-tumour activity of varying the uracil 5-substituent and the point of attachment (N1 or N3) of the uracil moiety in seco-nucleoside nitrosoureas. (1993)

The high activity against colon tumours in the mouse of nitrosoureas linked to seco-nucleosides with 5-fluorouracil or uracil as base component led us to synthesize and test similar drugs carrying other 5-substituted uracils attached by either N1 or N3. Not only were some of the new drugs active against the solid MAC 13 and against mammary and lung tumours, but unlike earlier compounds were particularly effective (especially N3 and alkoxy drugs like B.4083) against the ascitic MAC 15A, causing some cures. Further, these agents are valuable tools in the study, using modern techniques, of bifunctional alkylation of biological macromolecules, a vital principle of experimental cancer chemotherapy about which our knowledge is still very incomplete.
DEPACT: delay extraction-based passive compact transmission-line macromodeling algorithm (2005)

With the continually increasing operating frequencies, signal integrity and interconnect analysis in high-speed designs is becoming increasingly important. Recently, several algorithms were proposed for macromodeling and transient analysis of distributed transmission line interconnect networks. The techniques such as method-of-characteristics (MoC) yield fast transient results for long delay lines. However, they do not guarantee the passivity of the macromodel. It has been demonstrated that preserving passivity of the macromodel is essential to guarantee a stable global transient simulation. On the other hand, methods such as matrix rational approximation (MRA) provide efficient macromodels for lossy coupled lines, while preserving the passivity. However, for long lossy delay lines this may require higher order approximations, making the macromodel inefficient. To address the above difficulties, this paper presents a new algorithm for passive and compact macromodeling of distributed transmission lines. The proposed method employs delay extraction prior to approximating the exponential stamp to generate compact macromodels, while ensuring the passivity. Validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using several benchmark examples
Advantages of Superimposed Packets Allocation for OFDM-CDM (2005)

In this paper, superimposed packets allocation for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing code-division multiplexing (OFDM-CDM) is presented. An iterative algorithm, which is a combination of parallel interference cancellation (PIC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) based on soft value combining (SVC) is proposed and its performance studied and compared with other existing ARQ schemes. In the proposed algorithm, reliability information of erroneously received copies of the same data packet is exploited to improve the quality of interference cancellation. As a result, the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional ARQ based on a SVC as well as ARQ based on maximum ratio combining (MRC).
HaptoMime (2014)

We present HaptoMime, a mid-air interaction system that allows users to touch a floating virtual screen with hands-free tactile feedback. Floating images formed by tailored light beams are inherently lacking in tactile feedback. Here we propose a method to superpose hands-free tactile feedback on such a floating image using ultrasound. By tracking a fingertip with an electronically steerable ultrasonic beam, the fingertip encounters a mechanical force consistent with the floating image. We demonstrate and characterize the proposed transmission scheme and discuss promising applications with an emphasis that it helps us 'pantomime' in mid-air.
What has prevented the expansion of insulin sensitisers? (2006)

The ability to improve insulin sensitivity with synthetic compounds was uncovered by empirical discoveries by Takeda in the late 1970s. The potential of a class of thiazolidinediones for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, by decreasing glucose and triglycerides alongside lowering circulating insulin, was made public during the 1980s. As the first of the chemicals (pioglitazone, troglitazone and rosliglitazone) proceeded to clinical trials, these observations were soon extended to demonstrate a rich and complex pharmacology. The promise of this mode of action included prevention of diabetes as well as making a significant impact on the incidence and severity of the life-shortening consequences of the established disease. There are now two of these drugs on the market: pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, and they are being used to treat significant numbers of diabetic patients. However, the use of these drugs and development of future generations of successful candidates has not met the expectations that were held out in the early 1980s. This can be attributed to two major prevailing conditions. Troglitazone became the first thiazolidinedione to be approved as a result of delays in the development of pioglitazone. Unfortunately, troglitazone produced a unique idiosyncratic and sometimes fatal, hepatoxicity that necessitated its removal from the marketplace; second, there has been an incomplete understanding of the biochemical mechanism of action of these drugs that has slowed (and perhaps derailed) attempts to produce second-generation compounds. The latter issue is the subject of this editorial, which suggests that it is time to take a fresh look at the pharmacology of insulin sensitisers.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) is present in the nucleus of cardiac myocytes and is capable of cleaving poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in vitro (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are traditionally known for their role in extracellular matrix remodeling. Increasing evidence reveals several alternative substrates and novel biological roles for these proteases. Recent evidence showed the intracellular localization of MMP-2 within cardiac myocytes, colocalized with troponin I within myofilaments. Here we investigated the presence of MMP-2 in the nucleus of cardiac myocytes using both immunogold electron microscopy and biochemical assays with nuclear extracts. The gelatinase activity found in both human heart and rat liver nuclear extracts was blocked with MMP inhibitors. In addition, the ability of MMP-2 to cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) as a substrate was examined as a possible role for MMP-2 in the nucleus. PARP is a nuclear matrix enzyme involved in the repair of DNA strand breaks, which is known to be inactivated by proteolytic cleavage. PARP was susceptible to cleavage by MMP-2 in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, yielding novel degradation products of ~66 and <45 kDa. The cleavage of PARP by MMP-2 was also blocked by MMP inhibitors. This is the first characterization of MMP-2 within the nucleus and we hereby suggest its possible role in PARP degradation.
A 70 Mb/s variable-rate DMT-based modem for VDSL (2003)

Very high-speed digital subscriber line (VDSL) technology can deliver data at multi-Mbits/s over the unshielded, twisted pair in overlay to the plain old telephone service (POTS) and ISDN services. Discrete multi-tone (DMT) is one candidate for the modulation of VDSL. The DMT transmit signal is the sum of independent quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) carriers spread over a bandwidth of 11.04 MHz. Time division duplexing (TDD) is used to provide a half-duplex communication channel over a single pair. This chip integrates the complete digital signal processing required by a TDD-DMT VDSL system and the Transport Convergence (TC) sublayer functions such as (de)interleaving, Reed-Solomon (de)coding, (de)scrambling, (de)framing and the ATM-specific TC functions. It can be used both at the network termination (NT) and the line termination (LT) side.
Cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells (2005)

One way to restore failing heart function following myocardial infarction would be to replace lost or damaged cardiac cells by local or systemic injection. The sources of replacement cells presently discussed include embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow or cord blood and small stem cell populations thought to reside in the heart itself or in skeletal muscle. Here we review this area of stem cell research with focus particularly on recent laboratory advances towards producing cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cells. We conclude that embryonic stem cells and cardiac progenitors in the heart itself are the only proven sources of cardiomyocytes and that reported clinical effects of bone marrow stem currently undergoing validation are likely mediated by other mechanisms.
Reactions of tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]aluminum with ammonia and pyrolysis studies (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]aluminum with ammonia and pyrolysis studiesK. J. L. Paciorek, J. H. Nakahara, L. A. Hoferkamp, C. George, J. L. Flippen-Anderson, R. Gilardi, and Wayde R. SchmidtCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 1, 82–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00013a021https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00013a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Online Evaluation for Information Retrieval (2016)

Online evaluation is one of the most common approaches to measure the effectiveness of an information retrieval system. It involves fielding the information retrieval system to real users, and observing these users' interactions in-situ while they engage with the system. This allows actual users with real world information needs to play an important part in assessing retrieval quality. As such, online evaluation complements the common alternative offline evaluation approaches which may provide more easily interpretable outcomes, yet are often less realistic when measuring of quality and actual user experience.In this survey, we provide an overview of online evaluation techniques for information retrieval. We show how online evaluation is used for controlled experiments, segmenting them into experiment designs that allow absolute or relative quality assessments. Our presentation of different metrics further partitions online evaluation based on different sized experimental units commonly of interest: documents, lists and sessions. Additionally, we include an extensive discussion of recent work on data re-use, and experiment estimation based on historical data.A substantial part of this work focuses on practical issues: How to run evaluations in practice, how to select experimental parameters, how to take into account ethical considerations inherent in online evaluations, and limitations that experimenters should be aware of. While most published work on online experimentation today is at large scale in systems with millions of users, we also emphasize that the same techniques can be applied at small scale. To this end, we emphasize recent work that makes it easier to use at smaller scales and encourage studying real-world information seeking in a wide range of scenarios. Finally, we present a summary of the most recent work in the area, and describe open problems, as well as postulating future directions.
Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (DBHi) Si Bridge (2021)

We introduce a new packaging technology termed as Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (DBHi) where a Si-bridge is directly bonded to and in between processor chips using Cu pillars, allowing high-bandwidth low-latency low-power communication between the chips. The DBHi package structure, test vehicle design, and bond and assembly details are first described. The test vehicle package consists of chips with standard interconnect pitch where they join to a laminate chip-carrier and fine-pitch pads in the region where the chips joins to a bridge. The bridge has Cu pillars correspondingly mating to the pads on the chips. The bond and assembly sequence starts with first joining the silicon chips and bridge using a thermocompression bonding process followed by a mass reflow join of the chips to the laminate. The assembly is then underfilled and capped using specialized techniques. Mechanical modeling was extensively used to simulate the DBHi structure and assembly process to allow material selection and reliability prediction. The mechanical models were calibrated using warpage measurements. The stress/strain reliability metrics of the DBHi package are compared to a non-bridge package of the same dimensions. Results show that the main focus should be directed towards ensuring a robust assembly process as the standard reliability stress/strain metrics of the DBHi package are very similar to a non-bridge package. Thermal measurements using chip heaters and temperature sensors were conducted to calibrate a numerical thermal model of the DBHi package. The thermal model was exercised to show the relation between the allowable chip and bridge power densities for the particular package size and cooling conditions. DBHi test packages were created using the best-known assembly process and then measured for continuity performance. A variety of inter- and intra-bridge daisy chain nets were incorporated into the test vehicle for continuity measurements. Post-assembly continuity measurements demonstrated a robust assembly process for multiple rounds of assembly. Reliability performance was demonstrated using standard JEDEC tests of thermal cycling, aging, and temperature/humidity.
Enhancing Hardware Design Flows with MyHDL (2015)

MyHDL is a Python based HDL that harnesses the power and versatility of Python for hardware development. MyHDL has excellent simulation capabilities and also allows for conversion to Verilog and VHDL, so developers can enter a conventional design flow as desired. Verilog and VHDL are used extensively, particularly because most synthesis tools only support these two languages. However, they are simply outdated; poor parameterization limits high level design and modern abstraction features such as classes are missing.
RSV Vaccine Based on Rhabdoviral Vector Protects after Single Immunization (2019)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in childhood and an effective vaccine is still not available. We previously described a new rhabdoviral vector vaccine, VSV-GP, a variant of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), where the VSV glycoprotein G is exchanged by the glycoprotein GP of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Here, we evaluated VSV-GP as vaccine vector for RSV with the aim to induce RSV neutralizing antibodies. Wild-type F (F<sub>wt</sub>) or a codon optimized version (F<sub>syn</sub>) were introduced at position 5 into the VSV-GP genome. Both F versions were efficiently expressed in VSV-GP-F infected cells and incorporated into VSV-GP particles. In mice, high titers of RSV neutralizing antibodies were induced already after prime and subsequently boosted by a second immunization. After challenge with RSV, viral loads in the lungs of immunized mice were reduced by 2-3 logs with no signs of an enhanced disease induced by the vaccination. Even a single intranasal immunization significantly reduced viral load by a factor of more than 100-fold. RSV neutralizing antibodies were long lasting and mice were still protected when challenged 20 weeks after the boost. Therefore, VSV-GP is a promising candidate for an effective RSV vaccine.
<i>ras</i> GENES (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Email data cleaning (2005)

Addressed in this paper is the issue of 'email data cleaning' for text mining. Many text mining applications need take emails as input. Email data is usually noisy and thus it is necessary to clean it before mining. Several products offer email cleaning features, however, the types of noises that can be eliminated are restricted. Despite the importance of the problem, email cleaning has received little attention in the research community. A thorough and systematic investigation on the issue is thus needed. In this paper, email cleaning is formalized as a problem of non-text filtering and text normalization. In this way, email cleaning becomes independent from any specific text mining processing. A cascaded approach is proposed, which cleans up an email in four passes including non-text filtering, paragraph normalization, sentence normalization, and word normalization. As far as we know, non-text filtering and paragraph normalization have not been investigated previously. Methods for performing the tasks on the basis of Support Vector Machines (SVM) have also been proposed in this paper. Features in the models have been defined. Experimental results indicate that the proposed SVM based methods can significantly outperform the baseline methods for email cleaning. The proposed method has been applied to term extraction, a typical text mining processing. Experimental results show that the accuracy of term extraction can be significantly improved by using the data cleaning method.
Concise Total Syntheses of Variolin B and Deoxyvariolin B (2005)

The total synthesis of the marine alkaloid variolin B has been achieved in 8 steps and 17% overall yield, starting from commercially available 4-chloro-2-methylthiopyrimidine. The key reaction involves the tandem deoxygenation and cyclization of a triarylmethanol using a combination of triethylsilane and trifluoroacetic acid. In addition, the deoxygenated analogue was prepared in 6 steps and 23% overall yield, starting from the same starting material.