gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A<sub>2B</sub>receptors as therapeutic targets (1998)

Recent evidence indicates that A2B receptors mediate cellular functions with potential clinical relevance. Both A2A and A2B receptors mediate vasodilation, and the receptor type involved depends on the vascular bed and species studied. In some experimental models, A2B-induced vasodilation is mediated by the endothelium, but it is unclear whether this vasodilation is due to nitric oxide or whether A2B receptors also mediate direct vascular smooth muscle relaxation. A2B receptors expressed in smooth muscle cells inhibit their growth, raising the possibility that these receptors play a role in the vascular remodeling process observed in hypertension and atherosclerosis. A2B receptors are also expressed in neurons, and there are several examples of these receptors mediating neuroexcitatory actions, including potentiation of neurotransmitter release. The highest expression of A2B receptors is found throughout the intestinal tract. During diarrheal processes, neutrophils recruited into intestinal crypts release a soluble “neutrophil-derived secretagogue,” which then increases intestinal secretion. It is now known that this neutrophil product is AMP, which is then converted to adenosine to activate A2B receptors expressed in intestinal epithelium. It was also recently found that activation of human mast cells by adenosine is mediated by A2B receptors. Mast cell activation is involved in adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, suggesting that A2B receptors are involved in this process. Our understanding of the functional role of A2B receptors is hindered by the lack of selective agonist and antagonist of this receptor type. Recent studies suggest the feasibility of developing A2B antagonists. Such agents may prove useful in the treatment of diarrheal diseases and in asthma. Drug Dev. Res. 45:198–206, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Implementation of Image‐Guided Cochlear Implant Programming at a Distant Site (2017)

Our objective was to prospectively evaluate implementation of a new cochlear implant (CI) mapping technique, image-guided cochlear implant programming (IGCIP), at a site distant to the site of development. IGCIP consists of identifying the geometric relationship between CI electrodes and the modiolus and deactivating electrodes that interfere with neighboring electrodes. IGCIP maps for 17 ears of 15 adult CI patients were developed at a central image-processing center, Vanderbilt, and implemented at a distant tertiary care center, House Ear Institute. Before IGCIP and again 4 weeks after, qualitative and quantitative measures were made. While there were no statistically significant groupwise differences detected between baseline and IGCIP qualitative or quantitative measures, 11 of the 17 (64.7%) elected to keep the IGCIP map. Computed tomography (CT) image quality appears to be crucial for successful IGCIP, with 100% of those with high-resolution CT scans keeping their maps compared to 53.8% without.
The Efficacy and Safety of Milnacipran for Treatment of Fibromyalgia. A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial (2009)

Milnacipran is safe and effective for the treatment of multiple symptoms of FM.
Leveraging Atropisomerism to Obtain a Selective Inhibitor of RET Kinase with Secondary Activities Towards EGFR Mutants (2019)

<p>Unstable atropisomerism is innate in many common scaffolds in drug discovery, commonly existing as freely rotating aryl-aryl bonds. Such compounds can access the majority of dihedral conformations around the bond axis, however most small-molecules bind their target within a narrow range of these available conformations. The remaining accessible conformations can interact with other proteins leading to compound promiscuity. Herein, we leverage atropisomerism to restrict the accessible low energy dihedral conformations available to a promiscuous kinase inhibitor and achieve highly selective and potent inhibitors of the oncogenic target RET kinase. We then evaluate our lead inhibitor against kinases that were predicted to bind compounds in a similar conformational window to RET, discovering a potent inhibitor of drug resistant EGFR mutants including L858R/T790M/C797S EGFR. Leveraging atropisomerism to restrict accessible conformational space should be a generally applicable strategy due to the prevalence of unstable atropisomerism in drug discovery.</p>
T cell epitope immunotherapy ameliorates allergic responses in a murine model of shrimp allergy (2015)

T cell epitope-based oral immunotherapy is effective in reducing allergic responses towards shrimp tropomyosin. This is a novel strategy for clinical management of shellfish allergy and is a model for mechanistic studies of oral immunotherapy.
New Photolabile Protecting Groups of the 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl- and the 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethylsulfonyl-Type for the Oligonucleotide Synthesis (1999)

Abstract New photolabile blocking groups have been synthesized and introduced into the 5′-OH position of thymidine. The 5′-O-protected thymidines were irradiated at 365 nm under identical conditions and the half-lives and thymidine yields were determined to investigate the influence of different substituents in the two corresponding series.
Fourier Plane Optical Parametric Amplification enables simultaneous up-scaling laser pulse energy and bandwidth (2013)

Employing parametric amplification in the Fourier domain rather than in time domain circumvents phase mismatch and damage threshold limitations of laser amplifiers and enabled CEP stable, 1.43mJ, sub-two cycle pulses at 1.8µm.
Chiroshield: a Salisbury/Dallenbach shield alternative (1990)

The enhancement of impedance matching and the increased absorption afforded by the use of chiral materials are here combined with specified coated surfaces which act as screens or shields for use in radar cross-section management and control. These chiral shields offer attractive advantages with respect to broadband frequency response and reduced reflection when compared to their conventional counterparts.
Mechanical design of negative stiffness honeycomb materials (2015)

Abstract A mechanical system exhibits negative stiffness when it requires a decrease in applied force to generate an increase in displacement. Negative stiffness behavior has been of interest for use in vibro-acoustic damping materials, vibration isolation mechanisms, and mechanical switches. This non-intuitive mechanical response can be elicited by transversely loading a curved beam structure of appropriate geometry, which can be designed to exhibit either one or two stable positions. The current work investigates honeycomb structures whose unit cells are created from curved beam structures that are designed to provide negative stiffness behavior and a single stable position. These characteristics allow the honeycomb to absorb large amounts of mechanical energy at a stable plateau stress, much like traditional honeycombs. Unlike traditional honeycombs, however, the mechanism underlying energy-absorbing behavior is elastic buckling rather than plastic deformation, which allows the negative stiffness honeycombs to recover from large deformations. Accordingly, they are compelling candidates for applications that require dissipation of multiple impacts. A detailed exploration of the unit cell design shows that negative stiffness honeycombs can be designed to dissipate mechanical energy in quantities that are comparable to traditional honeycomb structures at low relative densities. Furthermore, their unique cell geometry allows the designer to perform trade-offs between density, stress thresholds, and energy absorption capabilities. This paper describes these trade-offs and the underlying analysis.
High-speed circuit measurements using photoemission sampling (1986)

High-speed sampling of the voltage waveform on a microstrip transmission line is performed by exploiting the multiphoton photoelectric effect induced by a visible cw mode-locked laser source. Energy analysis of the electrons emitted from the surface of the strip line is used to infer the emission point potential at the arrival time of the laser pulse. The technique may be applied to measure voltage waveforms on metallization lines of any integrated circuit or electronic device and is capable of picosecond time resolution and millivolt sensitivity.
Treatment of pre-existing melanoma tumors using allogeneic vaccines expressing alpha(1,3)Gal epitopes. Efficacy and toxicology study (2006)

1423 The hyperacute immune response in humans is a potent mechanism of xenograft rejection mediated by complement-fixing natural antibodies that recognize alpha(1,3)Galactosyl epitopes (aGal) not present on human cells. In this study we exploited this immune mechanism to create an allogeneic whole cell cancer vaccine to treat murine melanoma. We used the alpha(1,3)Galactosyltransferase (aGT H-2bb) knockout mice, which do not express aGal epitopes on their cell surfaces and develop high titers of anti-aGal antibodies. Melanoma cell lines (B16 and S91M3) naturally lack the expression of aGal epitopes. These cells were retrovirally transduced using lentiviral vectors encoding the murine aGT enzime to produce the aGal(+) variants of these cell lines. Mice with pre-existing subcutaneous (sc) and pulmonary B16 (H-2bb) melanoma tumors were treated with allogeneic aGal(+)S91M3 (H-2dd) melanoma vaccines or with control aGal(-)S91M3 vaccines. Mice with sc tumors had significant prolonged survival (p 8 each group). Vaccination with aGal(+)S91M3 induced CD8+ T cells recognizing the “autologous” aGal(-)B16 tumors measured by intracellular TNF-alpha. These cells reduced the pulmonary burden of syngeneic recipients with pre-existing pulmonary melanoma in adoptive transfer experiments. Interestingly, mice vaccinated with allogeneic aGal(+).S91M3 or “autologous” aGal(+)B16 cells failed to induce DTH responses to B16, despite the induction of a strong T cell dependent mediated anti-tumor immunity. Since effective anti-tumor immunity is associated with autoimmunity in several immunotherapies, we tested whether vaccination with allogeneic aGal(+) vaccines induced autoimmunity or other detectable signs of toxicity in three murine models. Mice (aGT KO H-2bb) were vaccinated six times with irradiated aGal(+)EMT-6 (breast H-2dd) cells. The aGT KO H-2dd mice received six vaccine doses of aGal(+)LLC (lung H-2bb) or aGal(+)B16 melanoma cells. High titers (>1:200) of anti-aGal Ab titers (IgG and IgM) were demonstrated in all mice. Samples (blood and tissues) were collected at early time points and at 6 months after the last allogeneic vaccine. Analysis of the hematology, chemistry and histopathology of major perfused organs (kidneys, lungs, liver and spleen) data revealed no significant differences among mice receiving allogeneic vaccines and control groups. In addition mice were weighted weekly for a period of 6 months showing no differences in the growth patterns among the groups in three animal models. This study establishes the safety and efficacy data of allogeneic aGal(+) whole cell vaccines and constituted the basis for the initiation of human clinical trials to treat human cancers which are currently open.
Subspace video stabilization (2011)

We present a robust and efficient approach to video stabilization that achieves high-quality camera motion for a wide range of videos. In this article, we focus on the problem of transforming a set of input 2D motion trajectories so that they are both smooth and resemble visually plausible views of the imaged scene; our key insight is that we can achieve this goal by enforcing subspace constraints on feature trajectories while smoothing them. Our approach assembles tracked features in the video into a trajectory matrix, factors it into two low-rank matrices, and performs filtering or curve fitting in a low-dimensional linear space. In order to process long videos, we propose a moving factorization that is both efficient and streamable. Our experiments confirm that our approach can efficiently provide stabilization results comparable with prior 3D methods in cases where those methods succeed, but also provides smooth camera motions in cases where such approaches often fail, such as videos that lack parallax. The presented approach offers the first method that both achieves high-quality video stabilization and is practical enough for consumer applications.
Semiconductor superlattice interference filter design (1989)

The quantitative analogies that have been previously established [J. Appl. Phys. 65, 814 (1989)] between electron wave propagation in semiconductors and optical wave propagation in dielectrics may be used to translate thin-film optical device designs into semiconductor superlattice device designs. The procedure for this direct mapping is also described in the above reference. The resulting designs, however, have compositions that are not constrained to be within a usable compositional range and they have layer thicknesses that are not constrained to be integer multiples of a monolayer thickness. In the present work, a systematic design procedure is presented that includes these required practical constraints. This procedure is then applied to the design of Ga1−xAlxAs superlattice narrow interference filters. For pass kinetic energies in the range of 0.14–0.20 eV, compositions (values of x) and numbers of monolayer thicknesses needed to produce quarter-wavelength layers are calculated. The detailed design of an example narrow bandpass (15.4 meV) filter with a pass electron energy of 0.20 eV is presented.
Thermal Performance of Multi-Evaporator Hybrid Loop Heat Pipe (ME-HLHP) with a Liquid Cooled Shield (LCS) (2007)

A multi-evaporator hybrid loop heat pipe (ME-HLHP), with a unique design modification enabling sub-ambient operation in a warm laboratory setting, was developed and successfully tested at heat loads up to 600W and saturation temperatures up to 30K below local ambient. The ME-HLHP architecture, which utilizes a remote, cold-biased, flow-through reservoir (linked to a secondary ”sweepage” evaporator) to provide the operational robustness of a loop heat pipe (LHP) and the temperature controllability of a capillary pumped loop (CPL), has the same limitations that LHPs and CPLs do when trying to cool a component significantly below the temperature of its surroundings. In general, when a two-phase loop is operated in a warm environment, liquid returning to each evaporator must be protected from conductive, convective, and radiative heat leaks. If the liquid line is not sufficiently protected, a loss of subcooling may ensue that could lead to suboptimal loop performance, such as higher operating temperatures (due to autoregulation) in LHPs, higher than necessary sweepage power in HLHPs, or possible deprime in CPLs. To maximize loop robustness, a unique design feature known as the liquid cooled shield (LCS) was incorporated into the ME-HLHP architecture to protect the liquid return line from parasitic heat gains. This paper describes the background, design and test results of ME-HLHP for compact Laser applications.
A Novel Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coupled-Line Directional Coupler With Arbitrary Coupling Level and Broad Bandwidth (2004)

A novel composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) backward-wave coupled-line directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth is presented, explained by even/odd-mode analysis, validated by full-wave simulations, and demonstrated by experiments. First, the CRLH-transmission-line (CRLH TL) theory is given, and a microstrip implementation of a CRLH TL is described. A simple circuit model is then proposed both for the understanding and design of the coupler. The coupler exhibits very unusual characteristics, such as zero electrical length, imaginary even/odd-mode characteristic impedances, and coupling dependence on even/odd attenuation length (instead of propagation length). Both a quasi-0and 3-dB coupler are demonstrated experimentally. The 3-dB coupler exhibits amplitude balance of /spl plusmn/2 dB over a huge bandwidth of 50% (3.5-5.8 GHz), phase balance of 90/spl deg//spl plusmn/5/spl deg/ from 3.0 to 4.0 GHz and directivity of 20 dB.
The photonic band edge optical diode (1994)

Using numerical methods, we study pulse propagation near the band edge of a one-dimensional photonic band gap material with a spatial gradiation in the linear refractive index, together with a nonlinear medium response. We find that such a structure can result in unidirectional pulse propagation. That is, the field will be transmitted for, say, a left-to-right direction of propagation, while for right-to-left nearly complete reflection occurs. This behavior constitutes the operational mechanism for a passive optical diode.
Neighbor Pixel Mixture (2006)

Pixel mixture is a technique to reduce the read-out time of an image by mixing multiple pixel values on an imager. Ordinary pixel mixtures mix the values of equicolor pixels. However, the equicolor pixels are not contiguous on the Bayer pattern. Mixing non-contiguous pixels degrades the resolution of the mixed image. This paper proposes a novel pixel mixture method which we call a "neighbor pixel mixture". The resolution of the neighbor pixel mixture image is superior to that of existing pixel mixtures. The proposed method mixes the values of the neighbor pixels with different colors. In the proposed method, a weighted average is used for the mixing operation, whereas ordinary pixel mixtures apply a simple average. We also discuss a guideline to design weights for averaging
Channel codes for digital holographic data storage (1995)

Various channel codes, including binary, gray-scale, threshold, and differential techniques, are compared for digital holographic data storage. The tradeoffs among bit error rate, storage capacity, and system complexity are discussed.
A HIGH OPERATING TEMPERATURE (HOT) MIDDLE WAVE INFRARED (MWIR) QUANTUM-DOT PHOTODETECTOR (2011)

In this paper, a high operating temperature (HOT) middle wave infrared (MWIR) InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) infrared photodetector (QDIP) is reported. The QDIP covers a wide detection spectrum range from 3 μm to 6 μm. A large photoresponsivity of 6.4 A/W at a low bias voltage of 0.5 V and a high peak specific photodetectivity D* of 6.0 × 107cmHz1/2/W were obtained at a high operating temperature of 230 K.
Water-dispersible ascorbic-acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles for contrast enhancement in MRI (2014)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of size ~5 nm surface functionalized with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) form a stable dispersion in water with a hydrodynamic size of ~30 nm. The anti-oxidant property of ascorbic acid is retained after capping, as evidenced from the capability of converting methylene blue to its reduced leuco form. NMR relaxivity studies show that the ascorbic-acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide aqueous nanofluid is suitable as a contrast enhancement agent for MRI applications, coupled with the excellent biocompatibility and medicinal values of ascorbic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring the Physicochemical Properties of Zeolite Catalysts (2014)

Abstract Review: 103 refs.
Timing jitter measurement of 40 Gbit/s RZ Raman loop data using gated autoand cross-correlation (2002)

We presented an all-optical timing jitter measurement technique based on optical cross-correlation. It is applied to pseudorandom 40 Gbit/s RZ data stream propagating in a recirculating, dispersion managed soliton loop. The timing jitter at 8000 km was measured as (2.5/spl plusmn/0.2) ps, comparable to the value obtained by the RF method. The resolution of the method is 52 fs. The lower bound of the timing jitter measurement is 670 fs, limited by the auto-correlation width and the temporal resolution of the correlation setup. This scheme holds great potential for real-time jitter monitoring of optical networks due to its all-optical approach and repetition rate insensitivity.
A novel β-glucosidase from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40T for the efficient hydrolysis of laminarin from brown macroalgae (2018)

Bgl1B can directly hydrolyze laminarin into glucose with a high conversion yield without leaving any oligosaccharides. Bgl1B can exhibit high enzymatic activity in a broad range of low temperatures (2-20 °C), which is advantageous for establishing energy-efficient bioprocesses. In addition, under high substrate to enzyme ratios, Bgl1B can produce high-value laminarioligosaccharides via its transglycosylation activity. These results show that Bgl1B can be an industrially important enzyme for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals from brown macroalgae.
A class of error control codes for M-spotty byte errors occurred in a limited number of bytes (2005)

Spotty byte error control codes are very effective for correcting/ detecting errors in semiconductor memory systems using recent high-density RAM chips with wide I/O data, e.g., 8, 16, or 32 bits I/O data. A spotty byte error is defined as random t-bit errors within a byte of length b-bit, where t les b, and also m-spotty byte errors as multiple spotty byte errors in a byte. In semiconductor memory systems, in general, errors are occurred in a limited number of RAM chips, that is, occurred in a limited number of bytes. Considering this situation, this paper presents a new class of m-spotty byte error control codes where errors are confined to a limited number of bytes. The proposed codes require much smaller check-bit length than the conventional m-spotty byte error control codes and the RS codes. And also, this paper clarifies a decoding algorithm of the proposed codes
Expressing the <i>Geobacter metallireducens</i> PilA in <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> Yields Pili with Exceptional Conductivity (2017)

e-pili are a remarkable electrically conductive material that can be sustainably produced without harsh chemical processes from renewable feedstocks and that contain no toxic components in the final product. Thus, e-pili offer an unprecedented potential for developing novel materials, electronic devices, and sensors for diverse applications with a new "green" technology. Increasing e-pili conductivity will even further expand their potential applications. A proven strategy is to design synthetic e-pili that contain tryptophan, an aromatic amino acid not found in previously studied e-pili. The studies reported here demonstrate that a productive alternative approach is to search more broadly in the microbial world. Surprisingly, even though G. metallireducens and G. sulfurreducens are closely related, the conductivities of their e-pili differ by more than 3 orders of magnitude. The ability to produce e-pili with high conductivity without generating a genetically modified product enhances the attractiveness of this novel electronic material.
7-(Aminoacyl) and 7-(aminoalkyl) derivatives of 1,2,6,7-tetrahydroindolo[1,7-ab][1,5]benzodiazepines as potential antidepressant agents (1980)

The synthesis of 7-(aminoacyl) and 7-(aminoalkyl) derivatives of 1,2,6,7-tetrahydroindolo[1,7-ab][1,5]benzodiazepines is described. These compounds were evaluated for antidepressant activity by their ability to inhibit tetrabenazine-induced ptosis in mice. Many compounds were found to be active in this animal model, and structure-activity relationships are discussed. Two analogues in particular, one from the 7-(aminoacyl) series (13) and one from the 7-(aminoalkyl) series (26), were of comparable potency to the antidepressant drugs desipramine and amitriptyline.
First results using automated epifluorescence microscopyto detect Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidisin WBC‐reduced platelet concentrates (2001)

Low concentrations (<5 x 10(3) bacteria/mL) of deliberately inoculated S. epidermidis or E. coli can be measured quickly in WBC-depleted PCs by using a fluorescent nucleic acid stain, differential lysis, and automated microscopy. Continued refinement of the method, studies employing other bacterial strains, and further validations of assay performance are warranted.