gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Changes in the Upper Airway During Neuromuscular Stimulation of Laryngeal Muscles (1999)

During swallowing, airway protection depends upon adequate glottal closure and laryngeal elevation to prevent the entry of substances into the airway. Three-dimensional changes in the upper airway during laryngeal muscle stimulation in a canine model were quantified in animals implanted with Peterson type stimulating electrodes in the inferior and superior portions of the thyroarytenoid muscle, together with a reference electrode. Computer tomography scanning was performed on an IMATRON scanner with a 3 mm slice thickness advanced at overlapping 1 mm increments. Stimulation of the thyroarytenoid muscle produced adductions of the vocal fold towards the midline and changes in the supraglottic region as well as the glottis; the glottic wall was compressed medially above and below the glottis. These results suggest that chronic neuromuscular stimulation can effect glottic protection by reducing the glottal opening and may be beneficial for patients with central control disorders affecting airway protection during swallowing.
Effect of Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors on Phytotoxin (Viridiol) Production by<i>Gliocladium virens</i>in Culture (1994)

The steroid phytotoxin viridiol produced by Gliocladium virens is a major limiting factor in the amount of G. virens-millet preparation that can be used on cottonseed to control damping-off incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. Treatment of developing G. virens cultures with 1 μg ml -1 of the sterol production inhibitors propiconazole or flusilazole and 1-4 μg ml -1 of myclobutanil or triadimenol suppressed viridiol production without significant adverse effect on the growth of G. virens or on the biosynthesis of the nonsteroid antibiotics gliotoxin and gliovirin. Greater amounts of the antibiotic-producing biocontrol preparation can thus be used to treat seed without concomitant phytotoxic effects on the emerging seedling radicle
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Smartphone App for Measuring Eye Alignment (2019)

A smartphone app for measurement of eye alignment can be a convenient clinical tool and has potential to be beneficial in telemedicine.
Radiological instrument. Patent Application (1985)

This patent application discloses a radiological measuring instrument including an angularly variable radiation-sensitive structure comprised of two blocks of material having a different index of refraction with one of the materials comprising a radiochromic substance whose refractive index changes through anomolous dispersion as a result of being exposed to radiation. The ratio of the two indices of refraction is selected to be close to unity, with the radiation-sensitive structure being pivotally adjusted so that light is directed into one end of the block comprising the material having the greater index of refraction. This element, moreover, is selected to be clear and transparent with the incident angle being close to the critical angle where total reflection of all incident light occurs. A portion of the incident light is furthermore projected through the clear transparent block without reflection, with the two beams emerging from the other end of the block, where they are detected. Exposure to radiation changes the index of refraction of the radiochromic block and accordingly the reflected energy emerging therefrom. Calibrated readjustment of the angle of incidence provides a measure of the sensed radiation.
<title>Rapidly renewable polishing lap</title> (1995)

Textured laps can be created by 'slumping' uniform thin films of appropriate materials over textured substrates that have been generated to the required figure. The film can easily be replaced and the lap shape is invariant since the lap substrate never contacts the workpiece nor the polishing compound. Thus extremely repeatable lapping and polishing processes are obtained. This paper introduces this approach to lap construction and presents preliminary results.
Evaluation of a Three-Hydrophone Method for 2-D Cavitation Localization (2018)

Cavitation is a critical parameter in various therapeutic applications involving ultrasound (US) such as histotripsy, lithotripsy, drug delivery, and cavitation-enhanced hyperthermia. A cavitation exposure outside the region of interest may lead to suboptimal treatment efficacy or in a worse case, to safety issues. Current methods of localizing cavitation are based on imaging approaches, such as beamforming the cavitation signals received passively by a US imager. These methods, although efficient, require expensive equipment, which may discourage potential future developments. We propose a three-hydrophone method to localize the cavitation cloud source. First, the delays between the three receptors are measured by detecting the maximum of their intercorrelations. Then, the position of the source is calculated by either minimizing a cost function or solving hyperbolic equations. After a numerical validation, the method was assessed experimentally. This method was able to track a source displacement with accuracy similar to the size of the cavitation cloud (2-4 mm). This light and versatile method provides interesting perspectives since localization can be executed in real time, and the extension to 3-D localization seems straightforward.
<title>Extensions of high-definition imaging</title> (1995)

High-definition imaging (HDI) is a model-based approach to SAR image generation derived from modern spectral-estimation (superresolution) techniques. It provides improved resolution and substantial reduction in sidelobes and clutter by exploiting distinguishing characteristcs of target responses, such as waveform and polarization, as well as their spatial separation, as was demonstrated in a paper presented at SPIE last year. This paper presents additional results of the application of HDI to SAR data. It is shown that the improved resolution, clutter, and sidelobe reduction previosly demonstrated with UHF data can also be obtained at Ka-band, even in the presence of foliage. The broadside flash characteristic of ground vehicles is exploited to obtain information about their length and orientation. Finally, polarimetric signatures are exploited to classify the scattering centers on a vehicle.
Fluid bed SO/sub x/NO/sub x/ process-''Hydrated calcine absorption'' (1984)

A process for simultaneous removal of sulfur oxides (SO /SUB x/ ) and nitrogen oxides (NO /SUB x/ ) from gaseous mixtures (such as flue gases and industrial waste gases) containing them which comprises contacting the gaseous mixture with a particulate alkaline earth hydroxide and reaction products of the gaseous mixture and the hydroxide maintained in a moving bed reactor (preferably a fluid bed reactor) at a temperature of about 85/sup 0/ C. to about 150/sup 0/ C. in the presence of water vapor and oxygen and in the substantial absence of liquid water. A baghouse or other particle removal means preferably is employed to extract solid material such as fly ash and reaction products from the gaseous mixture being treated and to further capture unreacted SO /SUB x/ /NO /SUB x/ .
Tn5 Transposase-Mediated Mouse Transgenesis1 (2005)

We have developed a novel method for mouse transgenesis. The procedure relies on a hyperactive Tn5 transposase to insert a transgene into mouse chromosomes during intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This procedure integrates foreign DNA into the mouse genome with dramatically increased effectiveness as compared to conventional methods such as pronuclear microinjection and traditional sperm injection-mediated transgenesis. Our data indicate that with this method, transgenic mice, both hybrids and inbreds, can be produced more consistently and with lower numbers of manipulated oocytes required for traditional microinjection methods. The transposase-mediated transgenesis technique is also effective with round spermatids, offering the potential for rescuing the fertility of azoospermic animals using sperm precursor cells.
A Novel DNA Methylation Signature as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (2021)

The DNA methylation-based RS can be a useful tool to predict the accuracy of preoperative and/or post-cystectomy models of OS in MIBC patients.
A new duty-cycle-shifted PWM control scheme for half-bridge DC-DC converters to achieve zero-voltage-switching (2004)

Asymmetric control scheme is an approach to achieve ZVS for half-bridge isolated DC-DC converter. However, it is not suited for wide-range input voltage due to the uneven voltage and current components stresses. This paper presents a new "duty-cycle-shifted PWM control" scheme for half-bridge isolated DC-DC converters to achieve ZVS operation without asymmetric penalties and without adding additional components. Because the duty cycle width is kept identical for both switches, the asymmetric current and voltage stresses problem is eliminated. The principles of operation and key features are illustrated. Experimental results verify that higher efficiency is achieved with the proposed "duty-cycle-shifted" control method, especially at higher switching frequency.
Identification and Replication of a Combined Epigenetic and Genetic Biomarker Predicting Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors (2014)

Considerable research suggests that suicide involves effects of genes, the environment, and their interaction. Analysis of three independent data sets of post-mortem brains revealed signs of increased methylation in one particular gene, SKA2, a finding that was extended to peripheral blood samples from other cohorts of prospectively followed individuals.
Electro-oxidation of Dimethyl Ether in a Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane Fuel Cell (2000)

The possibility of using dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel in direct oxidation polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane (PEM) fuel cells is investigated. A mechanism for DME electro‐oxidation is proposed based on the results of half‐cell experiments using cyclic voltammetry combined with gas‐chromatographic (GC) analyses of a single direct DME fuel cell. It is shown that, as a consequence of this mechanism, there is an additional overpotential at the anode of a direct DME fuel cell which is related to the initial adsorption step on the catalyst surface. DME is typically not oxidized at the cathode of a PEM fuel cell. This minimizes unwanted effects of fuel crossover, leading to improved fuel‐cell efficiencies compared to direct methanol fuel cells, especially at low‐to‐medium current densities. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Development of high‐pressure probe electrospray ionization for aqueous solution (2012)

HP-PESI offers a higher sensitivity and signal stability over PESI due to the absence of gaseous breakdown, better desolvation, and higher ion sampling rate by the mass spectrometer.
Ionic Liquids Composed of Phosphonium Cations and Organophosphate, Carboxylate, and Sulfonate Anions as Lubricant Antiwear Additives (2014)

Oil-soluble phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been reported as potential ashless lubricant additives. This study is to expand the IL chemistry envelope and to achieve fundamental correlations between the ion structures and ILs' physiochemical and tribological properties. Here we present eight ILs containing two different phosphonium cations and seven different anions from three groups: organophosphate, carboxylate, and sulfonate. The oil solubility of ILs seems largely governed by the IL molecule size and structure complexity. When used as oil additives, the ranking of effectiveness in wear protection for the anions are organophosphate > carboxylate > sulfonate. All selected ILs outperformed a commercial ashless antiwear additive. Surface characterization from the top and the cross-section revealed the nanostructures and compositions of the tribo-films formed by the ILs. Some fundamental insights were achieved: branched and long alkyls improve the IL's oil solubility, anions of a phosphonium-phosphate IL contribute most phosphorus in the tribo-film, and carboxylate anions, though free of P, S, N, or halogen, can promote the formation of an antiwear tribo-film.
Investigating the effect of ligand and cation on the properties of metal fluorinated acetylacetonate based magnetic ionic liquids (2019)

The effect of chemical structure on various physiochemical properties including thermal stability, solvent miscibility, magnetic susceptibility and viscosity is studied for acetylacetone based magnetic ionic liquids.
Multi-radio resource management for communication networks beyond 3G (2006)

In ‘Beyond 3G’ wireless networking scenarios, characterized by the cooperation of multiple access networks comprising different radio access technologies, Multi-Radio Resource Management (MRRM) mec ...
Upgrade-loops: apparatus and method for increasing electrical clearances of energized conductors (1997)

This paper describes an apparatus and method for increasing the electrical clearances of energized conductors from their grounded supporting structures, ground and other underlying objects. More specifically, this includes a number of insulators which help form an outwardly extending conductor loop, called an "upgrade-loop", to increase the clearance between the electrical conductor and its support structure. Upgrade-loops may be installed on existing transmission towers without any modification to the structures. They may even be installed live line, if necessary. Upgrade-loops can be implemented on existing power lines such that they would raise the conductors, thus increasing conductor clearance to ground and other underlying objects. This paper also describes upgrade-loops applications which include: (1) upgrading voltage for increasing the power transfer capability of a line; (2) improving line performance for system overvoltages and contaminated environments; and (3) simplifying line compaction for increased loadability while reducing ground level electromagnetic fields.
A Fault-Tolerance Solution to Any Set of Failure Scenarios on Dynamic WDM Optical Networks With Wavelength Continuity Constraints (2020)

Survivability of internet services is a significant and crucial challenge in designing optical networks. A robust infrastructure and transmission protocols are needed to maintain communication, despite the existence of one or more failed components on the system. Here, we present a generalized approach to tolerate any set of failure scenarios to the extent network users can still communicate with the remaining components, where a scenario is an arbitrary set of links in a non-operational state. We propose a joint solution to assess the survivability problem. The issues to be solve simultaneously are as follows: the set of primary routes, a collection of alternate routes associated with each failure scenario, and the capacity required on the network to allow communication between all users, in spite of any considered failure scenario, while satisfying for each user a specific predefined quality of service threshold, defined in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). Numerical results show that the proposed approach not only enjoys the advantages of low complexity and ease of implementation, but it is also able to achieve significant resource savings compared to existing methods. The savings are higher than 30% on single link failures and more than 100% on two simultaneous link failures cases or in more complex failure scenarios.
Measurement Based Fair Queuing for Allocating Bandwidth to Virtual Machines (2016)

We wish to allocate outgoing bandwidth at a server among customer VMs. The allocation for each VM is proportional to the bandwidth purchased for that VM by the customer, while allowing idle bandwidth to redistributed. Classical fair queuing in routers assumes tight feedback between transmitter and scheduler, and that cheap scheduler invocation on every transmission. Since these assumptions are false in Virtual Switches, we propose MBFQ (Measurement Based Fair Queuing) with two levels of scheduling: a microscheduler that operates cheaply and paces VM transmissions, and a macroscheduler that periodically redistributes tokens to microschedulers based on the measured bandwidth of VMs. We show that MBFQ allows a VM to obtain its allocated bandwidth in X scheduling intervals, and that idle bandwidth is reclaimed within Y periods. An implementation of MBFQ is available in Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview.
The use of a ribosomal RNA targeted oligonucleotide probe for fluorescent labelling of viable <i>Cryptosporidium</i> <i>parvum</i> oocysts (1998)

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique has been developed for the fluorescent labelling of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in water samples. The FISH technique employs a fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probe (Cry1 probe) targeting a specific sequence in the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of C. parvum. Hybridization with the Cry1 probe resulted in fluorescence of sporozoites within oocysts that were capable of excystation, while oocysts that were dead prior to fixation did not fluoresce. Correlation of the FISH method with viability as measured by in vitro excystation was statistically highly significant, with a calculated correlation coefficient of 0.998. Examination of sequence data for Cryptosporidium spp. other than C. parvum suggests that the Cry1 probe is C. parvum-specific. In addition, 19 isolates of C. parvum were tested, and all fluoresced after hybridization with the Cry1 probe. Conversely, isolates of C. baileyi and C. muris were tested and found not to fluoresce after hybridization with the Cry1 probe. The fluorescence of FISH-stained oocysts was not bright enough to enable detection of oocysts in environmental water concentrates containing autofluorescent algae and mineral particles. However, in combination with immunofluorescence staining, FISH enabled species-specific detection and viability determination of C. parvum oocysts in water samples.
Designing for Web Revisitation: Exploiting Structure from User Interaction and Navigation (2004)

High percentage of Web access are visits to pages that the user has already seen in the past. Currently available support for page revisitation, through standard browser features, and suggested improvements have been based on simple history models which do not fully incorporate information about the user’s interaction with the Web and the resulting navigation structure. In our research we propose a syntax for parsing navigation history into structural elements that has proven useful for identifying patterns in the history and building features for supporting habitual Web usage. This approach is motivated by our exploratory user observation study which revealed the need for effective revisitation of key pages in the short navigation history and for supporting user in recurring Web activities observed over the long term history. We designed SmartNavigation features that address both scenarios and evaluate their usefulness through a contextual user study. Findings of the study provide further guidelines for designing revisitation support and validate the history model that we advocate.
Rapid Isolation And Purification Of Mitochondria For Transplantation By Tissue Dissociation And Differential Filtration (2014)

Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 min to complete. We describe a method for the rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian biopsies using a commercial tissue dissociator and differential filtration. In this protocol, manual homogenization is replaced with the tissue dissociator’s standardized homogenization cycle. This allows for uniform and consistent homogenization of tissue that is not easily achieved with manual homogenization. Following tissue dissociation, the homogenate is filtered through nylon mesh filters, which eliminate repetitive centrifugation steps. As a result, mitochondrial isolation can be performed in less than 30 min. This isolation protocol yields approximately 2 x 1010 viable and respiration competent mitochondria from 0.18 ± 0.04 g (wet weight) tissue sample.
New Bioartificial Hydrogels: Characterization and Physical Properties (1996)

Physical properties of a bioartificial hydrogel prepared by cross-linking activated poly(ethylene glycol) of molecular mass of 8000 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are described. This hydrogel shows a great swelling capacity and a high equilibrium water content (EWC > 95%). The volume expansion factor of a BSA-PEG 8000 hydrogel during swelling was a function of its initial thickness. This hydrogel shows a high elasticity since it was reversibly deformable until a level of compression of 60% and it broke only when this level reached 80%. DSC heating scans demonstrated that differentiation of two kinds of water in the hydrogel is possible : the free (bulk) and the bound water. There was evidence that bound water is in the form of a trihydrate complex with ethylene oxide units of the PEG in the network. This hydrogel was suitable for controlled drug release systems, as demonstrated with release experiments.
Inherent memory effects in ZnS:Mn thin film EL devices (1974)

Remarkable hysteresis were found to excist in a thin film multilayer EL device consisting of a ZnS:Mn active layer sandwiched between a pair of Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> , insulating layers. Due to its particular construction, hysteresis was observed between the brightness vs. amplitude of the exciting alternating voltage, which is instrumental to realizing the memory function. Electrical Writing and Erasing are possible by the amplitude modulation of the sustaining voltage. The typical memory margin observed here is about 10 to 30 volts (rms) under operating voltage of 170 to 280 volts (rms) with frequency of 1 to 5 kHz. Gray scale display as well as Optical Writing are possible.
Very high-power-density CW operation of GaAs/AlGaAs microwave heterojunction bipolar transistors (1993)

Thermal instability of multi-emitter high-power microwave heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) was eliminated using a novel heat spreading technique that regulates internal device currents to avoid the formation of hot spots. Devices with 2- and 3- mu m minimum emitter sizes and no intentional ballast resistors showed unconditionally stable CW operation up to the device electronic limitations. A record 10-mW/ mu m/sup 2/ power density was obtained at 10 GHz with 7-dB gain and 60% power-added efficiency. The highest efficiency was 67.2% at 9.3-mW/ mu m/sup 2/ power density. It was shown that stable high-power-density operation can be maintained at multiwatt output power levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>