gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Protein E Binds Vitronectin and Is Important for Serum Resistance (2009)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly causes local disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract and has recently been shown to interfere with both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. The terminal pathway of the complement system is regulated by vitronectin that is a component of both plasma and the extracellular matrix. In this study, we identify protein E (PE; 16 kDa), which is a recently characterized ubiquitous outer membrane protein, as a vitronectin-binding protein of NTHi. A PE-deficient NTHi mutant had a markedly reduced survival in serum compared with the PE-expressing isogenic NTHi wild type. Moreover, the PE-deficient mutant showed a significantly decreased binding to both soluble and immobilized vitronectin. In parallel, PE-expressing Escherichia coli bound soluble vitronectin and adhered to immobilized vitronectin compared with controls. Surface plasmon resonance technology revealed a K(D) of 0.4 microM for the interaction between recombinant PE and immobilized vitronectin. Moreover, the PE-dependent vitronectin-binding site was located at the heparin-binding domains of vitronectin and the major vitronectin-binding domain was found in the central core of PE (aa 84-108). Importantly, vitronectin bound to the surface of NTHi 3655 reduced membrane attack complex-induced hemolysis. In contrast to incubation with normal human serum, NTHi 3655 showed a reduced survival in vitronectin-depleted human serum, thus demonstrating that vitronectin mediates a protective role at the bacterial surface. Our findings show that PE, by binding vitronectin, may play an important role in NTHi pathogenesis.
Living Polymerizations and Copolymerizations of Alkyl Acrylates by the Unique Catalysis of Rare Earth Metal Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving Polymerizations and Copolymerizations of Alkyl Acrylates by the Unique Catalysis of Rare Earth Metal ComplexesEiji Ihara, Masakazu Morimoto, and Hajime YasudaCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7886–7892Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (II): anti‐oxidative activity and free radical scavenging activity (1997)

Methanol aqueous extracts of 100 plants were screened for anti-oxidative activity using Fenton's reagent/ethyl linoleate system and for free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radical generating system. The results suggest that 14 plants - Alpinia officinarum, Areca catechu, Brassica alba, Cannabis sativa, Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica, Eugenia caryophyllata, Evodia officinalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Rhaphanus sativus, Rheum palmatum, Rhus verniciflua, Trapa bispinosa, Zanthoxylum piperitum - may be potential sources of anti-oxidants. Eight plants - Citrus aurantium, Cornus officinalis, Gleditsia japonica, Lindera strychnifolia, Phragmites communis, Prunus mume, Schizandra chinensis, Terminalia chebula - may be the potential source of free radical scavengers from natural plant.
Project Progress Control (2018)

This chapter explains the methods and procedures that ensure timely performance in a software project: verifying schedule and budget keeping. It discusses the progress control of software development tasks that can be performed by applying the progress control components. The main components of project progress control are control of risk management activities, project schedule control, project resource control and project budget control. The chapter also discusses the difficulties entailed with controlling external participants and internal projects. The difficulties of distributed software development (DSD) and global software development (GSD) projects include communication and coordination difficulties, and in GSD projects, culture differences and insufficient facility of the English language also. Finally the chapter demonstrates the computerized tools for software progress control which include programs for the planning and control of schedule and resource usage, project progress metrics and progress tracking charts.
A simple approximation for seismic attenuation and dispersion in a fluid‐saturated porous rock with aligned fractures (2007)

Physical properties of many reservoir rocks can be modelled using the concept of poroelasticity. Many reservoir rocks, in addition to the network of pores, contain larger fractures or cracks. Galvin and Gurevich (2006) solved the single scattering problem for a crack in a poroelastic medium and then estimated the effective properties for a distribution of cracks. However this problem requires the solution of a Fredholm integral equation of the 2nd which in general has no analytical solution for intermediate frequencies. We propose a simple analytical approximation of this solution using the branching function approach. Quantitative comparison shows good agreement between the two solutions. Our analytical solution exhibits a relaxation peak at a frequency where the fluid diffusion length is of the order of the crack diameter. The diffusion length is proportional to ω−1/2 (where ω is frequency) and is usually much smaller than the wavelength of the normal compressional or shear wave. This shows that the presence of cracks in a fluid‐saturated porous medium can cause significant attenuation and dispersion at very low frequencies, well before the onset of elastic (Rayleigh) scattering.
Emicizumab, a bispecific antibody recognizing coagulation factors IX and X: how does it actually compare to factor VIII? (2017)

During the last decade, the development of improved and novel approaches for the treatment of hemophilia A has expanded tremendously. These approaches include factor VIII (FVIII) with extended half-life (eg, FVIII-Fc and PEGylated FVIII), monoclonal antibodies targeting tissue factor pathway inhibitor, small interfering RNA to reduce antithrombin expression and the bispecific antibody ACE910/emicizumab. Emicizumab is a bispecific antibody recognizing both the enzyme factor IXa and the substrate factor X. By simultaneously binding enzyme and substrate, emicizumab mimics some part of the function exerted by the original cofactor, FVIII, in that it promotes colocalization of the enzyme-substrate complex. However, FVIII and the bispecific antibody are fundamentally different proteins and subject to different modes of regulation. Here, we will provide an overview of the similarities and dissimilarities between FVIII and emicizumab from a biochemical and mechanistical perspective. Such insight might be useful in the clinical decision making for those who apply emicizumab in their practice now or in the future, particularly in view of the thrombotic complications that have been reported when emicizumab is used in combination with FVIII-bypassing agents.
Monoclinic β-MoO<sub>3</sub>nanosheets produced by atmospheric microplasma: application to lithium-ion batteries (2008)

Porous high surface area thin films of nanosheet-shaped monoclinic MoO(3) were deposited onto platinized Si substrates using patch antenna-based atmospheric microplasma processing. The films were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical analysis. The electrochemical analysis shows original redox peaks and high charge capacity, and also indicates a reversible electrochemical behaviour particularly beneficial for applications in Li-ion batteries. SEM shows that the films are highly porous and consist of nanosheets 50-100 nm thick with surface dimensions in the micrometre range. HRTEM reveals that the MoO(3) nanosheets consist of the monoclinic beta phase of MoO(3). These intricate nanoarchitectures made of monoclinic MoO(3) nanosheets have not been studied previously in the context of applications in Li-ion batteries and show superior structural and morphological features that enable effective insertion of Li ions.
Dirty Clicks: A Study of the Usability and Security Implications of Click-related Behaviors on the Web (2020)

Web pages have evolved into very complex dynamic applications, which are often very opaque and difficult for non-experts to understand. At the same time, security researchers push for more transparent web applications, which can help users in taking important security-related decisions about which information to disclose, which link to visit, and which online service to trust.
A Study of Adsorption of Gases in Tight Reservoir Rocks (1995)

Abstract In this work, we studied adsorption in tight porous solids using both experimental and numerical methods. We conducted adsorption experiments for geothermal reservoir rock samples and studied the scanning behavior of the steam sorption hysteresis loop. The results of the sorption experiments show that temperature has an important effect on desorption, such that hysteresis becomes more pronounced as the temperature increases. Using a pore network model to represent porous media we investigated adsorption-desorption processes over the range of the relative pressures, highlighting in particular capillary condensation. The numerical model incorporates recent advances from density functional theory for adsorption-desorption in narrow pores (of order as low as 1 nm), which improve upon the traditional multi-layer adsorption and Kelvin’s equation for phase change and provide for the dependence of the critical pore size on temperature. Comparison of the numerical results with the experimental findings showed a good agreement. The hysteresis in the adsorption-desorption cycle is interpreted in terms of blocking of larger pores, where adsorbed liquid is allowed to but cannot desorb, by smaller pores containing liquid that may not desorb. The hysteresis also increases if the porous medium is represented as a fractured (dual porosity) system.
Cell Active Hydroxylactam Inhibitors of Human Lactate Dehydrogenase with Oral Bioavailability in Mice (2016)

A series of trisubstituted hydroxylactams was identified as potent enzymatic and cellular inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenase A. Utilizing structure-based design and physical property optimization, multiple inhibitors were discovered with <10 μM lactate IC<sub>50</sub> in a MiaPaca2 cell line. Optimization of the series led to <b>29</b>, a potent cell active molecule (MiaPaca2 IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.67 μM) that also possessed good exposure when dosed orally to mice.
Concave-Convex Adaptive Rejection Sampling (2011)

We describe a method for generating independent samples from univariate density functions using adaptive rejection sampling without the log-concavity requirement. The method makes use of the fact that many functions can be expressed as a sum of concave and convex functions. Using a concave-convex decomposition, we bound the log-density by separately bounding the concave and convex parts using piecewise linear functions. The upper bound can then be used as the proposal distribution in rejection sampling. We demonstrate the applicability of the concave-convex approach on a number of standard distributions and describe an application to the efficient construction of sequential Monte Carlo proposal distributions for inference over genealogical trees. Computer code for the proposed algorithms is available online.
Generalized Ternary Connect: End-to-End Learning and Compression of Multiplication-Free Deep Neural Networks (2018)

The use of deep neural networks in edge computing devices hinges on the balance between accuracy and complexity of computations. Ternary Connect (TC) \cite{lin2015neural} addresses this issue by restricting the parameters to three levels $-1, 0$, and $+1$, thus eliminating multiplications in the forward pass of the network during prediction. We propose Generalized Ternary Connect (GTC), which allows an arbitrary number of levels while at the same time eliminating multiplications by restricting the parameters to integer powers of two. The primary contribution is that GTC learns the number of levels and their values for each layer, jointly with the weights of the network in an end-to-end fashion. Experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 show that GTC naturally converges to an `almost binary' network for deep classification networks (e.g. VGG-16) and deep variational auto-encoders, with negligible loss of classification accuracy and comparable visual quality of generated samples respectively. We demonstrate superior compression and similar accuracy of GTC in comparison to several state-of-the-art methods for neural network compression. We conclude with simulations showing the potential benefits of GTC in hardware.
Conventional DPSK Versus Symmetrical DPSK: Comparison of Dispersion Tolerances (2004)

Differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) encodes information in the phase difference /spl Delta//spl phi/ between successive symbols. In conventional DPSK (CDPSK), /spl Delta//spl phi/ assumes values in the set {0,/spl pi/}, while in symmetrical DPSK (SDPSK), /spl Delta//spl phi/ assumes values in the set {/spl pi//2,-/spl pi//2}. It is shown by numerical analysis that return-to-zero (RZ)-CDPSK is more robust to chromatic dispersion, while RZ-SDPSK is more robust to first-order polarization-mode dispersion if strong optical filtering is applied.
Iterative algorithm for nonuniform inverse fastFourier transform (NU-IFFT) (1998)

A nonuniform inverse fast Fourier transform (NU-IFFT) for nonuniformly sampled data is realised by combining the conjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) method with the newly developed nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithms. An example application of the algorithm in computational electromagnetics is presented.
Functional Outcome of Semiconstrained Total Elbow Arthroplasty* (2000)

Patients who had a total elbow arthroplasty with use of a semiconstrained Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis were generally satisfied; the mean level of patient satisfaction was 9.2 of a possible 10 points for those who had inflammatory arthritis and 8.6 points for those who had a fracture or posttraumatic condition. The rates of complications involving the ulnar nerve, intraoperative fracture, triceps disruption, deep infection, and periprosthetic radiolucency are of concern.
Design and Application of Antimicrobial Peptide Conjugates (2016)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an interesting class of antibiotics characterized by their unique antibiotic activity and lower propensity for developing resistance compared to common antibiotics. They belong to the class of membrane-active peptides and usually act selectively against bacteria, fungi and protozoans. AMPs, but also peptide conjugates containing AMPs, have come more and more into the focus of research during the last few years. Within this article, recent work on AMP conjugates is reviewed. Different aspects will be highlighted as a combination of AMPs with antibiotics or organometallic compounds aiming to increase antibacterial activity or target selectivity, conjugation with photosensitizers for improving photodynamic therapy (PDT) or the attachment to particles, to name only a few. Owing to the enormous resonance of antimicrobial conjugates in the literature so far, this research topic seems to be very attractive to different scientific fields, like medicine, biology, biochemistry or chemistry.
Direction and polarization estimation using arrays with small loops and short dipoles (1993)

It is shown that when polarization-sensitive arrays consisting of crossed small loops and short dipoles are used, one can eliminate the requirement in the ESPRIT algorithm that sensors must occur in matched pairs. The dipoles and loops are sensitive to the polarizations of incident electromagnetic plane waves. The dipoles are sensitive to the incident electric field components, and the loops to magnetic field components of the incident waves. The invariance properties among the dipole and loop outputs of an arbitrary array of orthogonal loops and orthogonal dipoles are exploited to compute both the two-dimensional arrival angles and polarizations of incoming narrowband signals. It is shown that with dipoles and loops, vertical arrays are not necessary to obtain good direction estimates for signals from low angles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Technical criteria for the specification and evaluation of object-oriented libraries (1992)

One of the often cited goals of the object-oriented approach to software development is to increase the level of reuse in the development process. One of the primary techniques for the reuse of code is the development of libraries. The purpose of this paper is to present a set of attributes that an object-oriented library of reusable components should possess. The paper also provides design criteria that result in libraries with the desired attributes. The design criteria are illustrated with examples and counter-examples from currently available libraries.
Image stabilization algorithm for video with large image fluctuation (2009)

We propose an image stabilization system for video with large image fluctuation by estimating and correcting translation and rotation from the video. The fluctuation is handled separately as relative inter-frame motion and absolute intra-frame information, in order to suppress large fluctuation in the video sequence efficiently.
Improving the performance of diffusion‐weighted inner field‐of‐view echo‐planar imaging based on 2D‐Selective radiofrequency excitations by tilting the excitation plane (2011)

Tilting the excitation plane and applying variable gradient amplitudes improves the applicability of inner FOV EPI based on 2D-selective RF excitations.
University of Rochester v. G.D. Searle & Co.: Writing on the Wall, 4 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 406 (2005) (2005)

In patent law, the first paragraph of 35 U.S.C. § 112 is currently interpreted to include a written description requirement that is distinct from the requirement of enabling a person skilled in the art to make and use an invention. However, analyses of patent specifications under the “written description requirement” have relied on determinations of whether one skilled in the art would comprehend the scope of the claimed invention in view of the description provided, in effect continuing use of enablement as the statutory threshold for description purposes. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in University of Rochester v. G.D. Searl & Co., 358 F.3d 916 (Fed. Cir. 2004), cert. denied, 125 S. Ct. 629 (2004) (No. 04-476) departs from considerations of enablement to assess the adequacy of the written description in a patent specification. The decision by the court in Rocheter and Judge Rader’s vigorous dissent may well represent not only departures from legal precedent, but also the seeds of a split in authority within the Federal Circuit.
Housing reform: getting tough on poor people (1996)

The British government has announced its intention to repeal legislation that gives some homeless people the right to permanent housing.1 2 Its proposed new legislation excludes certain groups from receiving help, such as immigrants admitted on the basis that they would have no recourse to public funds. Furthermore, local authorities will not have to secure accommodation for anyone who “already has suitable accommodation … whether within the United Kingdom or elsewhere.”3 The proposed changes have implications for public health and also raise the question of how the state may best help to ensure its citizens have decent housing.

A letter of general guidance about the proposed changes sent to local authorities last year states that authorities “will be under no duty to secure accommodation for a household if it is satisfied that there is alternative accommodation available within the authority's area that the household could reasonably be expected to occupy.” How “reasonableness” should be interpreted is not clear, but having access to private rented accommodation will probably disqualify applicants from assistance. The central change, however, is in the duration of the duty to help …
Deep Neural Networks Improve Radiologists' Performance in Breast Cancer Screening (2019)

We present a deep convolutional neural network for breast cancer screening exam classification, trained and evaluated on over 200,000 exams (over 1,000,000 images). Our network achieves an AUC of 0.895 in predicting whether there is a cancer in the breast, when tested on the screening population. We attribute the high accuracy of our model to a two-stage training procedure, which allows us to use a very high-capacity patch-level network to learn from pixel-level labels alongside a network learning from macroscopic breast-level labels. To validate our model, we conducted a reader study with 14 readers, each reading 720 screening mammogram exams, and find our model to be as accurate as experienced radiologists when presented with the same data. Finally, we show that a hybrid model, averaging probability of malignancy predicted by a radiologist with a prediction of our neural network, is more accurate than either of the two separately. To better understand our results, we conduct a thorough analysis of our network's performance on different subpopulations of the screening population, model design, training procedure, errors, and properties of its internal representations.
Mass transfer apparatus and method for separation of gases (2023)

A process and apparatus for separating components of a source gas is provided in which more soluble components of the source gas are dissolved in an aqueous solvent at high pressure. The system can utilize hydrostatic pressure to increase solubility of the components of the source gas. The apparatus includes gas recycle throughout multiple mass transfer stages to improve mass transfer of the targeted components from the liquid to gas phase. Separated components can be recovered for use in a value added application or can be processed for long-term storage, for instance in an underwater reservoir.