gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Hybrid technique using spline-wavelet packets and vector quantization for high-rate image compression</title> (1993)

A hybrid algorithm for high rate image compression based on spline wavelet packets and vector quantization is presented in this paper. The algorithm consists of (1) a fast projection of an image signal onto the spline-wavelet space, (2) an efficient spline-wavelet packet decomposition algorithm, (3) a method to select the optimal number of component subimages, (4) criteria for thresholdings, and (5) vector quantization of subimages. We have compressed a test image to 0.08 bpp from 8 bpp with PSNR of 27 db.
Synthesis of steroidal [16.alpha.,17-b][1,4]dioxanes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of steroidal [16.alpha.,17-b][1,4]dioxanesChristopher M. Cimarusti, Paul Grabowich, Ravi K. Varma, Sam T. Chao, Seymour D. Levine, and Frank L. WeisenbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 18, 3035–3039Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00438a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00438a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Consideration of Thermal Effects in Electro-mechanical Impedance Measurement for Space Structures (2015)

Space structures and structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are exposed to numerous hazards in the extreme environment of space. Investigation of the effect of these hazards on SHM is critical for proper operation of spaceship diagnostic systems. Recent studies have indicated utility of electro-mechanical impedance and elastic wave propagation methods for structural condition assessment in space. In this contribution, we report experimental studies of thermal effects on electromechanical impedance responses. For proper imitation of space thermal environment, electro-mechanical impedance responses of piezoelectric sensor and aluminum beam were collected for different temperatures in a vacuum chamber. Positive and negative temperature variations were considered and a hysteresis effect was investigated. The results generally confirm a conclusion from previous studies showing decrease of natural frequencies with temperature increase under standard atmospheric conditions. The opposite was observed for decreasing temperatures. However, at the temperature of 65 oC a significant change in the amplitude of the impedance has been observed. Possible explanation of this phenomenon is suggested. The results demonstrate the importance of environmental thermal contributions and advocate for including thermal effects in automatic structural health monitoring algorithms for space systems. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/356
Heat pump detection from coarse grained smart meter data with positive and unlabeled learning (2013)

Recent advances in smart metering technology enable utility companies to have access to tremendous amount of smart meter data, from which the utility companies are eager to gain more insight about their customers. In this paper, we aim to detect electric heat pumps from coarse grained smart meter data for a heat pump marketing campaign. However, appliance detection is a challenging task, especially given a very low granularity and partial labeled even unlabeled data. Traditional methods install either a high granularity smart meter or sensors at every appliance, which is either too expensive or requires technical expertise. We propose a novel approach to detect heat pumps that utilizes low granularity smart meter data, prior sales data and weather data. In particular, motivated by the characteristics of heat pump consumption pattern, we extract novel features that are highly relevant to heat pump usage from smart meter data and weather data. Under the constraint that only a subset of heat pump users are available, we formalize the problem into a positive and unlabeled data classification and apply biased Support Vector Machine (BSVM) to our extracted features. Our empirical study on a real-world data set demonstrates the effectiveness of our method. Furthermore, our method has been deployed in a real-life setting where the partner electric company runs a targeted campaign for 292,496 customers. Based on the initial feedback, our detection algorithm can successfully detect substantial number of non-heat pump users who were identified heat pump users with the prior algorithm the company had used.
A hybrid phytoremediation system for contaminants in groundwater (2019)

Abstract Impacted groundwater at hazardous waste release sites often contain mixtures of contaminants. It can be relatively easy to treat some compounds ex situ. However, mixtures of some compounds can be difficult to treat. A method to extract and treat complex mixtures of contaminants of concern using phytotechnology is proposed in this paper. A specific case study is described wherein a hybrid phytoremediation system is compared and contrasted with conventional groundwater and phytoremediation technologies. Nitrate is used as an exemplar co-contaminant since nitrate contamination is (1) widespread in the United States, and (2) difficult and expensive to treat. The approach involves using contaminated groundwater as a source of irrigation water for a phytoremediation grove. Groundwater would be extracted using conventional groundwater extraction methods. Groundwater then would be pumped to multiple irrigation zones under the control of an autonomous irrigation system. Each zone would consist of a number of trees. The root system for each tree would be modified to function as a confined treatment cell that facilitates contaminated water uptake. The irrigation controller would optimize the amount of groundwater that can be extracted and treated while preventing surface water runoff away from the phyto component.
<i>In vivo</i> inhibition of oestrone sulphatase and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphatase by oestrone‐3‐O‐sulphamate (1995)

Many tumours in endocrine-sensitive tissues, such as the breast and endometrium, are hormone-dependent and the hydrolysis of oestrone sulphate (EIS) to oestrone by oestrone sulphatase (EI-STS) is a major source of oestrogen in such tumours. Oestrone-3-O-sulphamate (EMATE) has been shown to be a potent EI-STS inhibitor in vitro, and in this study its ability to inhibit enzyme activity in vivo was examined. EMATE was initially administered to female rats for 7 days, after which liver EI-STS activity was measured. As EMATE also inhibits a related sulphatase in vitro, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphatase (DHA-STS), its effect on the activity of this enzyme in vivo was also investigated. DHA-STS has a pivotal role in regulating the synthesis of another steroid with potent oestrogenic properties, androstenediol. Administration of EMATE almost completely inhibited liver EI-STS (99%) and DHA-STS (99%) activities and was active when given by the oral or subcutaneous routes. After a single dose of EMATE or following the cessation of multiple doses for 10 days, liver EI-STS activity remained inhibited ( > 95%) for up to 7 and 10 days, respectively. Other compounds, such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen and the "pure" antioestrogen ICI 182,780, which are reported to inhibit EI-STS activity in vitro, did not inhibit activity in vivo. In a preliminary study, EMATE, when injected over a 12-day period, effectively reduced the growth of EIS-stimulated nitrosomethyl-urea-induced mammary tumours in ovariectomised rats and inhibited tumour sulphatase activity in treated animals.
Lanthanum–Indium Oxysulfide as a Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst for Water Splitting (2007)

Abstract La–In-based oxysulfide is demonstrated to act as a photocatalyst for the reduction of H+ to H2 and the oxidation of H2O to O2 in the presence of sacrificial reagents under visible light (420 ≤ λ ≤ 480 nm). Loading with IrO2 is effective for promoting O2 evolution, while Pt is effective as a cocatalyst for H2 evolution.
Search for New High Temperature Thermoelectric Materials (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Although important efforts are actually devoted to improve Si-Ge materials, their thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency remains relatively low and the adimensional ZT value does not exceed 1. Higher values can be obtained by investigating new materials. A search for new high temperature thermoelectric materials identified a certain number of compounds between transition metals and bismuth, antimony and germanium as potential candidates. Results of the preliminary synthesis of samples by a variety of techniques (Bridgman, mechanical alloying…) are presented as well as some electrical measurements. Some compounds showed interesting properties and need to be investigated in more details.</div>
Light-Independent Phytochrome Signaling Mediated by Dominant GAF Domain Tyrosine Mutants of<i>Arabidopsis</i>Phytochromes in Transgenic Plants (2007)

The photoreversibility of plant phytochromes enables continuous surveillance of the ambient light environment. Through expression of profluorescent, photoinsensitive Tyr-to-His mutant alleles of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B (PHYB(Y276H)) and Arabidopsis phytochrome A (PHYA(Y242H)) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, we demonstrate that photoconversion is not a prerequisite for phytochrome signaling. PHYB(Y276H)-expressing plants exhibit chromophore-dependent constitutive photomorphogenesis, light-independent phyB(Y276H) nuclear localization, constitutive activation of genes normally repressed in darkness, and light-insensitive seed germination. Fluence rate analyses of transgenic plants expressing PHYB(Y276H), PHYA(Y242H), and other Y(GAF) mutant alleles of PHYB demonstrate that a range of altered light-signaling activities are associated with mutation of this residue. We conclude that the universally conserved GAF domain Tyr residue, with which the bilin chromophore is intimately associated, performs a critical role in coupling light perception to signal transduction by plant phytochromes.
Sequencing of Sulfopeptides Using Negative-Ion Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Hydrogen Attachment/Abstraction Dissociation (2019)

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with radical-based fragmentation involving the attachment or abstraction of hydrogen to peptides, in a process called hydrogen attachment/abstraction dissociation (HAD), has been recently developed. HAD-MS/MS is considered a useful method for the analysis of proteins with post-translational modification (PTM) because of its ability to determine the PTM site on proteins. In the present investigation, we analyzed highly acidic sulfopeptides and sulfoprotein digests using negative-ion HAD-MS/MS combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In general, MALDI and ESI produced singly and multiply charged peptides, respectively. HAD of singly deprotonated sulfopeptides preferentially produced fragment ions with sulfonation, whereas both sulfonated and nonsulfonated fragment ions were observed in the HAD-MS/MS spectrum of multiply deprotonated sulfopeptides. A comparison of the MALDI and ESI HAD-MS/MS spectra allows the discrimination of sulfonated and nonsulfonated fragments, which would be helpful in performing de novo sequencing of sulfopeptides. In addition, the combination of ESI-based HAD-MS/MS and liquid chromatography (LC) allows the analysis of sulfopeptides present in protein digests. LC-ESI-MS/MS with HAD is a potentially useful method for sulfoproteomic application.
Structure-Based Design of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1999)

A computer model of reverse transcriptase (RT) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was used to design thiourea compounds that were predicted to inhibit RT. The RT model was used to approximate how changes in binding pocket shape, volume and chemical properties resulting from residue mutations would affect inhibitor binding. Our lead compound, N-[2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenylethyl)]-N'-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thi ourea (HI-236) was tested against clinically observed non-nucleoside inhibitor (NNI)-resistant mutated strains of HIV. HI-236 was more potent than trovirdine, MKC-442 and zidovudine against the drug-sensitive HIV-1 strain IIIB, 50-100 times more effective than delavirdine or nevirapine and twice as effective as our recently reported lead compound N-[2-(2-fluorophenethyl)]-N'-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea (HI-240) against the NNI-resistant Y181C mutant HIV-1 strain A17. HI-236 was highly effective against the multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strain RT-MDR containing multiple mutations involving the RT residues 74V, 41L, 106A and 215Y. In general, thiourea compounds such as HI-236 and HI-240 showed better inhibition of drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 than thioalkylbenzyl-pyrimidine compounds such as HI-280 and HI-281. The improved activity of thioureas against RT mutants is consistent with a structural analysis of the NNI binding pocket model of RT. The activity of HI-236 against RT-MDR was superior to that of other anti-HIV agents tested, in the following order, from high to low activity; HI-236 (IC50 5 nM), HI-240 (IC50 6 nM), trovirdine (IC50 20 nM), zidovudine (IC50 150 nM), MKC-442 (IC50 300 nM), delavirdine (IC50 400 nM) and nevirapine (IC50 5 microM).
Synthesis of 3′-Deoxykanamycin B (Tobramycin) (1976)

Abstract 3′-Deoxykanamycin B (tobramycin) was prepared from kanamycin B. 3′,4′:4″,6″-Di-O-cyclohexylidene derivative (2) of penta-N-ethoxycarbonylkanamycin B was 2″-O-benzoylated and the 3′,4′-O-cyclohexylidene group was selectively and quantitatively removed by treatment with 1 mol equivalent of water in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to give the de-3′,4′-O-cyclohexylidene derivative (4). Regioselective tosylation in pyridine at −20 °C gave the 3′-O-tosyl derivative (5) in 70% yield. Despite the 1,3-diaxial interaction in the transition state, replacement of the tosyl group with iodide was successfully performed in high yield with NaI in DMF. Hydrogenolysis of the iodo derivative (6) and subsequent removal of the protecting groups gave 3′-deoxykanamycin B (10) in ≈25% overall yield from kanamycin B. Confirmation of the 3′-deoxy group was performed by measurement of Δ[M]TACu of 3′-deoxyneamine which was obtained from 10 by hydrolysis.
Apodization of a multichannel dispersion compensator by phase modulation coding of a phase mask (2005)

A very simple fabrication process for multichannel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dispersion compensators is demonstrated by phase modulation coding of both the apodization profile and the phase sampling in a phase mask.
Enhanced stability of a dispersion-managed, harmonically mode-locked fiber laser (2003)

Summary form only given. The high repetition rate and low noise characteristics of the soliton sigma laser have made it a practical source for high-speed telecommunications applications. Considering the high level of harmonic mode locking (N/spl ap/10/sup 4/) at its 10-GHz repetition rate, its low observed pulse dropout ratio of <10/sup -14/ has not previously been explained. A theoretical model indicates that pulse dropouts may be avoided by the use of strong dispersion management in the cavity. A Mach-Zehnder modulator is placed in a loop of polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber. The polarization state of light injected into the non-PM branch evolves in a random manner but is transformed into an orthogonal state by the Faraday mirror; linearly polarized light injected into the branch by the polarizing beamsplitter returns to the beamsplitter also linearly polarized but rotated by 90/spl deg/.
Integrated Genomic and Epigenomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis (2014)

The brain is a common site of metastatic disease in patients with breast cancer, which has few therapeutic options and dismal outcomes. The purpose of our study was to identify common and rare events that underlie breast cancer brain metastasis. We performed deep genomic profiling, which integrated gene copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation datasets on a collection of breast brain metastases. We identified frequent large chromosomal gains in 1q, 5p, 8q, 11q, and 20q and frequent broad-level deletions involving 8p, 17p, 21p and Xq. Frequently amplified and overexpressed genes included ATAD2, BRAF, DERL1, DNMTRB and NEK2A. The ATM, CRYAB and HSPB2 genes were commonly deleted and underexpressed. Knowledge mining revealed enrichment in cell cycle and G2/M transition pathways, which contained AURKA, AURKB and FOXM1. Using the PAM50 breast cancer intrinsic classifier, Luminal B, Her2+/ER negative, and basal-like tumors were identified as the most commonly represented breast cancer subtypes in our brain metastasis cohort. While overall methylation levels were increased in breast cancer brain metastasis, basal-like brain metastases were associated with significantly lower levels of methylation. Integrating DNA methylation data with gene expression revealed defects in cell migration and adhesion due to hypermethylation and downregulation of PENK, EDN3, and ITGAM. Hypomethylation and upregulation of KRT8 likely affects adhesion and permeability. Genomic and epigenomic profiling of breast brain metastasis has provided insight into the somatic events underlying this disease, which have potential in forming the basis of future therapeutic strategies.
Fabrication of free-standing quantum wells (1992)

Standard lithographic techniques have been utilized to fabricate quantum wells which are confined on both sides by vacuum. These ‘‘naked’’ quantum wells are fabricated from spatially and compositionally modulated III-V superlattices in which alternate layers of the structures are sacrificed by selective etching. These structures are patterned such that the quantum wells are suspended between support posts.
Systems-Level Characterization of Microchannel Plate Detector Assemblies, using a Pulsed sub-Picosecond Laser (2012)

Microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs) are compact imaging detectors, capable of micron-level spatial imaging and timing measurements with resolutions well below 10 picoseconds. The Large Area Picosecond Photodetector Collaboration (LAPPD) is developing techniques for fabricating 8“x8”, thin, planar, glass-body MCP-PMTs at costs comparable to traditional PMTs. Collaboration between the High Energy Physics Division and the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has produced an advanced channel-plate characterization facility for testing the time response of MCPs using a pulsed laser capable of sub-picosecond pulses. The MCPs are tested in stacks of one or two plates with a simple photocathode and coupled to a microstripline anode board. LAPPD-made MCPs have already demonstrated gains larger than 105 and promising time resolving capabilities. These measurements will guide the systems-level optimization of LAPPD detectors and the development of signal processing algorithms. Predictions made by the LAPPD simulations group based on electron emmission properties of the MCP pore surface are compared with these tests to help further our understanding of MCP performance.
A chromium-based metal organic framework as a potential high performance adsorbent for anaesthetic vapours (2014)

In this work, a chromium-based metal organic framework (Cr-MOF) was synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of a model highly ozone-depleting anaesthetic (sevoflurane). Adsorption isotherms were measured at different temperatures e.g., 283, 298, 313 and 328 K on both Cr-MOF and a conventionally used reference adsorbent. At the temperatures used in this study, the Cr-based MOF showed a significantly higher sevoflurane (selected anaesthetic) equilibrium adsorption capacity compared to the reference sample, although adsorption on the selected MOF did not take place on all active sites (i.e., it did not expose its coordinatively unsaturated sites). Moreover, sevoflurane adsorption on Cr-MOF was found to be fully reversible in the 283–328 K temperature range, and the adsorbent was fully regenerated by vacuum treatment at ambient temperature. The semiempirical Sips model was successfully used to fit sevoflurane adsorption data, substantially confirming the phenomenological aspects of the process inferable from the experimental results.
Resorcylic acid lactones: A pluripotent scaffold with therapeutic potential (2008)

The recent discoveries of potent HSP90 and MAP kinase inhibitors amongst the resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) have revived interest in this family of natural products. Both HSP90 and MAP kinase inhibition hold tremendous therapeutic potential, particularly in the treatment of cancer. Our synthetic efforts towards the RALs and, in particular, selective inhibitors of HSP90 and kinases are reviewed.
Residues Leu261, Trp264, and Phe265 Account for Apolipoprotein E-Induced Dyslipidemia and Affect the Formation of Apolipoprotein E-Containing High-Density Lipoprotein (2007)

Overexpression of apolipoprotein E (apoE) induces hypertriglyceridemia in apoE-deficient mice, which is abrogated by deletion of the carboxy-terminal segment of residues 260-299. We have used adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in apoE-/- and apoA-I-/- mice to test the effect of three sets of apoE mutations within the region of residues 261-265 on the induction of hypertriglyceridemia, the esterification of cholesterol of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the formation of spherical or discoidal apoE-containing HDL. A single-amino acid substitution (apoE4[Phe265Ala]) induced hypertriglyceridemia in apoE-/- or apoA-I-/- mice, promoted the accumulation of free cholesterol in the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and HDL region, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels. A double substitution (apoE4[Leu261Ala/Trp264Ala]) induced milder hypertriglyceridemia and increased HDL cholesterol levels. A triple substitution (apoE4[Leu261Ala/Trp264Ala/Phe265Ala] or apoE2[Leu261Ala/Trp264Ala/Phe265Ala]) did not induce hypertriglyceridemia and increased greatly the HDL cholesterol levels. Electron microscopy (EM) analysis of the HDL fractions showed that apoE4[Leu261Ala/Trp264Ala/Phe265Ala] and apoE2[Leu261Ala/Trp264Ala/Phe265Ala] contained spherical HDL, apoE4[Leu261Ala/Trp264Ala] contained mostly spherical and few discoidal HDL particles, and apoE4[Phe265Ala] contained discoidal HDL. We conclude that residues Leu261, Trp264, and Phe265 play an important role in apoE-induced hypertriglyceridemia, the accumulation of free cholesterol in VLDL and HDL, and the formation of discoidal HDL. Substitution of these residues with Ala improves the apoE functions by preventing hypertriglyceridemia and promoting formation of spherical apoE-containing HDL.