gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Playing with time: on the specification and execution of time-enriched LSCs (2003)

We extend live sequence charts (LSCs), a highly expressive variant of sequence diagrams, with timing constructs, thus making the language suitable for specifying the behavioral requirements of time-intensive systems. We follow R. Alur and T.A. Henzinger (see Software Tools for Technology Transfer, vol.1, p.86-109, 1997) in basing the extension on a single clock object. We have implemented the extension in full in our play-engine tool, which provides user-friendly ways to play in the timing constraints, together with a powerful mechanism that can execute, or play out, the time-enriched requirements directly, without the need for an intra-object system model. It seems that in addition to many advantages in testing and requirements engineering, for some kinds of systems this could lead to the requirements actually serving as the final implementation.
Generation of Retinal Ganglion Cells With Functional Axons From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

Retinal ganglion cells generated from mESCs and miPSCs, especially the latter, may contribute to research associated with RGCs and to in vitro analyses of genetically modified mice.
Structure and Properties of (1−<i>x</i>)PZN−<i>x</i>PT Thin Films with Perovskite Phase Promoted by Polyethylene Glycol (2006)

Perovskite ferroelectric (1−x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3−xPbTiO3 ((1−x)PZN−xPT) thin films were prepared on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified sol−gel method. It was found that the introduction of the PEG in the precursor solutions dramatically promoted the formation of the perovskite phase while suppressing the pyrochlore phase. With the aid of PEG, (001)-oriented epitaxial perovskite (1−x)PZN−xPT thin films with x as low as 0.3 were successfully achieved without detectable pyrochlore phase. The perovskite phase was still dominant when x was reduced to 0.1 in which the composition is around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The electric properties of our 0.7PZN−0.3PT films deposited on conductive LaNiO3-coated LAO substrates were characterized, and the films exhibited good dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. An understanding on the mechanism of PEG promoting the perovskite phase and suppressing the pyrochlore phase has been developed through systematic investigation in this paper.
Angiogenesis revisited – role and therapeutic potential of targeting endothelial metabolism (2014)

Clinically approved therapies that target angiogenesis in tumors and ocular diseases focus on controlling pro-angiogenic growth factors in order to reduce aberrant microvascular growth. Although research on angiogenesis has revealed key mechanisms that regulate tissue vascularization, therapeutic success has been limited owing to insufficient efficacy, refractoriness and tumor resistance. Emerging concepts suggest that, in addition to growth factors, vascular metabolism also regulates angiogenesis and is a viable target for manipulating the microvasculature. Recent studies show that endothelial cells rely on glycolysis for ATP production, and that the key glycolytic regulator 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) regulates angiogenesis by controlling the balance of tip versus stalk cells. As endothelial cells acquire a tip cell phenotype, they increase glycolytic production of ATP for sprouting. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of PFKFB3 causes a transient, partial reduction in glycolysis, and reduces pathological angiogenesis with minimal systemic harm. Although further assessment of endothelial cell metabolism is necessary, these results represent a paradigm shift in anti-angiogenic therapy from targeting angiogenic factors to focusing on vascular metabolism, warranting research on the metabolic pathways that govern angiogenesis.
A stable two-electron-donating phenothiazine for application in nonaqueous redox flow batteries (2017)

Simple modification of <italic>N</italic>-ethylphenothiazine (left) with electron-donating substituents (right) increases the molecular charge-storage capacity of this donor.
Monolayer Stress Microscopy: limitations, artifacts, and accuracy of recovered intercellular stresses (2013)

In wound healing, tissue growth, and certain cancers, the epithelial or the endothelial monolayer sheet expands. Within the expanding monolayer sheet, migration of the individual cell is strongly guided by physical forces imposed by adjacent cells. This process is called plithotaxis and was discovered using Monolayer Stress Microscopy (MSM). MSM rests upon certain simplifying assumptions, however, concerning boundary conditions, cell material properties and system dimensionality. To assess the validity of these assumptions and to quantify associated errors, here we report new analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations. For several commonly used experimental monolayer systems, the simplifying assumptions used previously lead to errors that are shown to be quite small. Out‐of‐plane components of displacement and traction fields can be safely neglected, and characteristic features of intercellular stresses that underlie plithotaxis remain largely unaffected. Taken together, these findings validate Monolayer Stress Microscopy within broad but well‐defined limits of applicability. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (BFU2009–07595), the European Research Council (Grant Agreement 242993) and the National Institutes of Health (R01HL102373, R01HL107561).
Extracellular ATP protects against sepsis through macrophage P2X7 purinergic receptors by enhancing intracellular bacterial killing (2015)

Extracellular ATP binds to and signals through P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) to modulate immune function in both inflammasome-dependent and -independent manners. In this study, P2X7(-/-) mice, the pharmacological agonists ATP-magnesium salt (Mg-ATP; 100 mg/kg, EC50 ≈ 1.32 mM) and benzoylbenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP; 10 mg/kg, EC50 ≈ 285 μM), and antagonist oxidized ATP (oxi-ATP; 40 mg/kg, IC50 ≈ 100 μM) were used to show that P2X7R activation is crucial for the control of mortality, bacterial dissemination, and inflammation in cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Our results with P2X7(-/-) bone marrow chimeric mice, adoptive transfer of peritoneal macrophages, and myeloid-specific P2X7(-/-) mice indicate that P2X7R signaling on macrophages is essential for the protective effect of P2X7Rs. P2X7R signaling protects through enhancing bacterial killing by macrophages, which is independent of the inflammasome. By using the connexin (Cx) channel inhibitor Gap27 (0.1 mg/kg, IC50 ≈ 0.25 μM) and pannexin channel inhibitor probenecid (10 mg/kg, IC50 ≈ 11.7 μM), we showed that ATP release through Cx is important for inhibiting inflammation and bacterial burden. In summary, targeting P2X7Rs provides a new opportunity for harnessing an endogenous protective immune mechanism in the treatment of sepsis.
Trellis encoded vector quantization for robust speech recognition (2002)

A joint data (features) and channel (bias) estimation framework for robust speech recognition is described. A trellis encoded vector quantizer is used as a pre-processor to estimate the channel bias using blind maximum likelihood sequence estimation. A sequential constraint in the feature vector sequence is explored and used in two ways, namely, a) the selection of the quantized signal constellation, b) the decoding process in joint data and channel estimation. A two state trellis encoded vector quantizer is designed for signal bias removal applications. Compared with the conventional memoryless VQ based approach in signal bias removal, the preliminary experimental results indicate that incorporating sequential constraint in joint data and channel estimation for robust speech recognition is advantageous.
Spanner (2013)

Spanner is Google’s scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This article describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free snapshot transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.
Improved cardiac motion detection from ultrasound images using TDIOF: a combined B-mode/ tissue Doppler approach (2013)

Quantitative motion analysis of echocardiographic images helps clinicians with the diagnosis and therapy of patients suffering from cardiac disease. Quantitative analysis is usually based on TDI (Tissue Doppler Imaging) or speckle tracking. These methods are based on two independent techniques – the Doppler Effect and image registration, respectively. In order to increase the accuracy of the speckle tracking technique and cope with the angle dependency of TDI, herein, a combined approach dubbed TDIOF (Tissue Doppler Imaging Optical Flow) is proposed. TDIOF is formulated based on the combination of B-mode and Doppler energy terms in an optical flow framework and minimized using algebraic equations. In this paper, we report on validations with simulated, physical cardiac phantom, and in-vivo patient data. It is shown that the additional Doppler term is able to increase the accuracy of speckle tracking, the basis for several commercially available echocardiography analysis techniques.
Vibration sensor and the method of and apparatus for manufacture thereof (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Hugh C. Webber, David V. Tinder; Vibration sensor and the method of and apparatus for manufacture thereof. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 December 1986; 80 (6): 1865. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.394239 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Function of the N-terminal segment of the RecA-dependent nuclease Ref (2015)

The bacteriophage P1 Ref (recombination enhancement function) protein is a RecA-dependent, HNH endonuclease. It can be directed to create targeted double-strand breaks within a displacement loop formed by RecA. The 76 amino acid N-terminal region of Ref is positively charged (25/76 amino acid residues) and inherently unstructured in solution. Our investigation of N-terminal truncation variants shows this region is required for DNA binding, contains a Cys involved in incidental dimerization and is necessary for efficient Ref-mediated DNA cleavage. Specifically, Ref N-terminal truncation variants lacking between 21 and 47 amino acids are more effective RecA-mediated targeting nucleases. We propose a more refined set of options for the Ref-mediated cleavage mechanism, featuring the N-terminal region as an anchor for at least one of the DNA strand cleavage events.
Robust digitization and digital non–uniformity correction in a single–chip CMOS camera (1999)

Analog circuitry, digitization and subsequent digital non-uniformity correction in a single-chip digital CMOS camera are described. The sensor array of 720 × 576 active pixels is followed by a simple circuit implementing correlated double sampling, sample-and-hold function and A/D conversion with minimum analog hardware. The non-uniformity introduced by parameter variations in the analog circuitry is digitally corrected, resulting in measured rest non-uniformity and noise of 0.4% rms of the saturation signal. This level of non-uniformity leads to image quality comparable to the CCD.
Rational approach to implementation of prostate cancer antigen 3 into clinical care (2009)

Adding PCA3 to serum PSA improved prostate cancer prediction. The use of PCA3 in a clinical setting may help to stratify patients according to their risk for biopsy and cancer detection, although a large-scale validation study will be needed to address assay standardization, optimal cutoff values, and appropriate patient populations.
The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase protects cells against apoptosis at, or upstream of, caspase-8 activation (2002)

The R1 subunit of herpes simplex virus (HSV) ribonucleotide reductase, which in addition to its C-terminal reductase domain possesses a unique N-terminal domain of about 400 amino acids, is thought to have an additional, as yet unknown, function. Here, we report that the full-length HSV-2 R1 has an anti-apoptotic function able to protect cells against death triggered by expression of R1(Delta2-357), an HSV-2 R1 subunit with its first 357 amino acids deleted. We further substantiate the R1 anti-apoptotic activity by showing that its accumulation at low level could completely block apoptosis induced by TNF-receptor family triggering. Activation of caspase-8 induced either by TNF or by Fas ligand expression was prevented by the R1 protein. As HSV R1 did not inhibit cell death mediated by several agents acting via the mitochondrial pathway (Bax overexpression, etoposide, staurosporine and menadione), it is proposed that it functions to interrupt specifically death receptor-mediated signalling at, or upstream of, caspase-8 activation. The N-terminal domain on its own did not exhibit anti-apoptotic activity, suggesting that both domains of R1 or part(s) of them are necessary for this new function. Evidence for the importance of HSV R1 in protecting HSV-infected cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis was obtained with the HSV-1 R1 deletion mutants ICP6Delta and hrR3. These results show that, in addition to its ribonucleotide reductase function, which is essential for virus reactivation, HSV R1 could contribute to virus propagation by preventing apoptosis induced by the immune system.
Hue Plane Preserving Colour Correction using Constrained Least Squares Regression. (2015)

Andersen and Hardeberg proposed the Hue Plane Preserving Colour Correction (HPPCC) [1], which maps RGBs to XYZs using a set of linear transforms, where each transform is learned and applied in a subregion of colour space, defined by two adjacent hue planes. A hue plane is a geometrical half-plane defined by the neutral axis and a chromatic colour. A problem with the original HPCC method is that the selection of chromatic colors was a user defined choice (and the user might choose poorly) and the method as formed was not open to optimization. In this paper we present a flexible method of hue plane preserving colour correction which we call Hue Plane Preserving Colour Correction using Constrained Least Squares (HPPCC-CLSQ). This colorimetric characterization method is also based on a series of 3 by 3 matrices, each responsible for the transformation of a subregion, defined by two adjacent hue planes, of camera RGB values to the corresponding subregion of estimated colorimetric XYZ values. The matrices are constrained to white point preservation. In this new formulation, the subregions can flexibly be chosen in number and position in order to regularize and optimize the results, whilst constraining continuity crossing the hue planes. The method is compared to a choice of other state-of-the-art characterization methods and the results show that our method consistently gives high colorimetric accuracy for both synthetic and real camera data.
New Insights into the Structural Characteristics of the Arabinogalactan−Protein (AGP) Fraction of Gum Arabic (2008)

The structural characteristics of the gum exudate of Acacia senegal (gum arabic) have been investigated by monitoring the composition and physicochemical properties before and after treatment with proteolytic enzyme and various alkaline systems. Molecular mass ( M w) and radius of gyration ( R g) measurements were performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) coupled to refractive index, UV absorbance, and multiangle light scattering detectors and indicated that the macromolecules present have a compact structure. It was found that treatment with proteolytic enzyme caused the arabinogalactan-protein component (AGP) with average molecular mass approximately 2 x 10 (6) Da to degrade, yielding material of molecular mass approximately 4 x 10 (5) Da, whereas the bulk of the material corresponding to the protein-deficient arabinogalactan component (AG) with molecular mass 4 x 10 (5) remained unaffected. Barium hydroxide was found to hydrolyze the polysaccharide component (AG) itself in addition to the proteinaceous component as demonstrated in control experiments using dextran. However, sodium borohydride/sodium hydroxide treatments were unable to hydrolyze dextran and were assumed to hydrolyze only the proteinaceous component of gum arabic. The AGP component was completely degraded, yielding material of molecular mass approximately 4.5 x 10 (4) Da. It has been concluded, therefore, that the enzyme did not fully hydrolyze all of the protein present and that the AGP component of gum arabic consists of carbohydrate blocks of approximately 4.5 x 10 (4) Da linked to a polypeptide chain consistent with the wattle blossom structure. Because the AGP was degraded to differing extents using a mild and more severe sodium borohydride/sodium hydroxide treatment, it was concluded that the polysaccharide moieties were linked through both O-serine and O-hydroxyproline residues. The gum arabic sample was deglycosylated by treatment with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and revealed the presence of two putative core proteins of approximately 3 x 10 (4) and approximately 5 x 10 (3) Da, respectively, which correspond to proteins of approximately 250 and 45 amino acids in length. A new model for the structure of the AGP component has been proposed.
An analog-to-digital converter using charge-transfer technology (1977)

THE USE OF MOSFET microprocessors and digital LSI circuits in solid-state control systems is currently generating a considerable interest in the development of low-cost technology-compatible analog-to-digital converters. In this paper, a MOSFET chargetransfer A/D converter will be described, the design and operation of a monolithic P-channel MOS implementation will be reviewed and experimental results showing better than 1 mV resolution capability, (equivalent to 10-12 bits) will be reported.
Nanoscale Additives Tailor Energetic Materials (2007)

The effect of anatase, rutile, and amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles on the combustion of solid rocket propellant was investigated. Each additive increased the burning rate of propellant strands by 30%. Typical fast-burning propellants are unstable due to oversensitivity to pressure variations, but the anatase additive yielded propellants with high yet stable burning rates over a broad pressure range. Anatase nanoparticles also catalyzed the high-temperature decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, a key component of solid propellant.
High-Capacity Organic Radical Mediated Phosphorus Anode for Sodium-Based Redox Flow Batteries (2019)

An innovative approach to improve the energy density of redox flow batteries (RFBs) through electrochemically mediated reactions is demonstrated. Soluble anion radical species (biphenyl and pyrene) mediate reversible sodium storage in a red phosphorus (P) anode located in an external packed bed reactor in the absence of binders or conductive additives. Because the anion radical species can be recycled several times through the cell stack during a single charge/discharge cycle, a mediated RFB effectively decouples the battery’s energy density from the redox species’ solubility in the electrolyte. The present study demonstrates the highest capacity reported to date for a mediated anode (up to 800 mAh/gP via reversible formation of NaxP). This approach represents a paradigm shift in the field and can conceivably achieve energy densities exceeding 200 Wh/kg, which is ∼10 times greater than that of conventional RFBs (e.g., 25 Wh/kg for an aqueous vanadium system).
Development of electret technology to measure indoor radon-daughter concentrations: Final report (Phase 1) (1989)

A new type of radon progeny monitor called an electret radon progeny integrating sampling unit (E-RPISU) was developed and demonstrated which uses an electret ion chamber to measure the progeny concentration. A conventional 1 LPM particulate air sampling system is used to collect the progeny on a 35 cm/sup 2/ filter which is mounted on the side of the electret ion chamber such that the collected progeny are exposed to the inside of the chamber. The alpha radiation emitted by the progeny collected on the filter ionizes the air in the 220 ml chamber. The ions of opposite polarity collect on the surface of the 127 ..mu..m thick electret and reduce its surface voltage. A specially built surface voltmeter is used to measure the electret voltage before and after sampling. The electret voltage drop which occurs during the sampling period is shown to be proportional to the time integrated progeny concentration. Two prototype systems were fabricated and tested in homes and in calibrated radon chambers. The resulting data are presented and analyzed. The calibration factor for the E-RPISU ranged from 1.5 to 2.0 V/mWL-day depending on the electret voltage. Two of the E-RPISUs were delivered to UNC Geotech for further testing. 32 refs., 11 figs., 5 tabs.
Injection-locking characteristics of gain-guided diode laser arrays with an ‘‘on-chip’’ master laser (1990)

We report measurements of the injection-locking characteristics of a high-power continuous-wave diode laser array with an on-chip independently controlled master laser. This integrated injection-locked array emits a near-diffraction-limited single-lobed output beam at cw power levels up to 220 mW/facet. By controlling the current to the master laser, the single-lobed output beam can be electronically steered over a far-field angle of &gt;1.7°. We also report preliminary studies of the coupling interaction in these integrated devices.
Neuron-Specific Gene Transfer Through Retrograde Transport of Lentiviral Vector Pseudotyped with a Novel Type of Fusion Envelope Glycoprotein (2011)

The lentiviral vector system is used extensively in gene therapy trials for various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The vector system permits efficient and sustained gene expression in many cell types through integration of the transgene into the host cell genome. However, there is a significant issue concerning the therapeutic use of lentiviral vectors, that transgene insertion may lead to tumorigenesis by altering the expression of proto-oncogenes adjacent to the integration sites. One useful approach for improving safety is to restrict vector transduction to neuronal cells. We have reported the use of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based vectors for efficient retrograde transport by pseudotyping with rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G) or fusion glycoprotein B type, in which the cytoplasmic domain of RV-G was substituted with the counterpart of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). Here we developed a novel vector system for neuron-specific retrograde gene transfer (termed NeuRet) by pseudotyping the HIV-1 vector with fusion glycoprotein C type (FuG-C), in which a short C-terminal segment of the extracellular domain and the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains of RV-G were replaced with the corresponding regions of VSV-G. FuG-C pseudotyping caused efficient gene transfer, mainly through retrograde transport, into neuronal cells in diverse brain regions, whereas the pseudotyping resulted in less efficiency for the transduction of glial and neural stem/progenitor cells. Our NeuRet vector system achieves efficient retrograde gene delivery for therapeutic trials and improves their safety by greatly reducing the risk of gene transduction of dividing cells in the brain.