gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulation Improved Probiotics Survival During Gastric Transit (2017)

Several studies have demonstrated differences among strains of probiotic bacteria with regard to their survival in acid environment. Probiotics must survive in gastric acids to reach the small intestine and colonize the host for appropriate prevention and management of several gastrointestinal diseases. To improve the survival rates of probiotic microorganisms during gastric transit, microencapsulation is considered to be a promising process. A variety of polymers are commonly used for microencapsulation. Thus, there is a widespread interest in the improvement of the physical and mechanical stability of the polymers use in probiotics encapsulation. In addition, there is a developing trend toward the use of milk proteins as encapsulation device. To fulfill many demands of a successful probiotics encapsulation, different techniques have been applied to increase the resistance of these sensitive microorganisms against gastric conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the effect of microencapsulation on survival of probiotics in an in vitro model simulating gastric transit.
Artificial dielectric medium possessing simultaneously negative permittivity and magnetic permeability (2006)

An artificial dielectric medium comprising two sublattices of spherical particles made of a high-dielectric-constant (high-ε) material, which are embedded into a low-ε dielectric matrix, are considered. Particles belonging to different sublattices have different diameters. It is shown that the properties of this composite structure are equivalent to those of an isotropic medium possessing a negative refractive index (n < 0) in the vicinity of frequencies at which the H 111 and E 111 oscillation modes exhibit simultaneous resonance in particles of different diameters, which leads to the appearance of electric and magnetic dipole moments, respectively. Averaging of these dipole moments over the volumes of cells formed by the corresponding spherical particles determines their contributions to the permittivity and magnetic permeability of the composite medium. At frequencies above the resonance, both contributions become negative and, hence, the medium exhibits simultaneously negative values of the permittivity and magnetic permeability. The proposed composite structure consists only of dielectric components. Spherical particles with εd > 200 can be made of a ferroelectric material.
Alk‐1‐ene‐1,1‐diamines with Retention of the Functional Group (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
User-Categorized Tags to Build a Structured Folksonomy (2010)

With the coming of Web 2.0, folksonomy has emerged to help users share web-based information created by users. The basic components of folksonomy are user-inputted tags, but a major problem is that the semantics of tags are not obvious because there is no hierarchy and no relationships among the tags. To minimize these problems, this paper suggests a user-categorized tag that freely defines the category of the tag when the user inputs it. Based on the user-categorized tags, a structured folksonomy is automatically created. This paper develops a prototype as web-based document management system to describe how a structured folksonomy can be useful.
The In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of Protein Glycosylation and Diabetic Vascular Basement Membrane Thickening by Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate. (1991)

We studied the effect of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PAL-P) on protein glycosylation and diabetic nephropathy in NSY mice. In experiment 1, an in vitro model of the browning phenomenon involving the incubation of lysine and glucose was inhibited by PAL-P. In experiment 2, administration of PAL-P to congenitally diabetic NSY mice markedly reduced the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. These results suggest that PAL-P has the potential to be used for reducing the nephrotic complications of diabetes mellitus.
Research on Short Text Classification Algorithm Based on Statistics and Rules (2010)

In this paper, we introduced the overview of short text research and the short text classification firstly. On the foundation of several common used classic text classification algorithms, mainly according to the major feature extraction methods, the short text classification based on statistics and rules is proposed. Experiments show that this algorithm has better performance than other algorithms. In order to improve the recall rate of short text classification, two-steps classification method is put forward.
Comparative Sequence of Human and Mouse BAC Clones from the <i>mnd2</i> Region of Chromosome 2p13 (1999)

The mnd2 mutation on mouse chromosome 6 produces a progressive neuromuscular disorder. To determine the gene content of the 400-kb mnd2 nonrecombinant region, we sequenced 108 kb of mouse genomic DNA and 92 kb of human genomic sequence from the corresponding region of chromosome 2p13.3. Three genes with the indicated sizes and intergenic distances were identified: D6Mm5e (>/=81 kb)-787 bp-DOK (2 kb)-845 bp-LOR2 (>/=6 kb). D6Mm5e is expressed in many tissues at very low abundance and the predicted 526-residue protein contains no known functional domains. DOK encodes the p62(dok) rasGAP binding protein involved in signal transduction. LOR2 encodes a novel lysyl oxidase-related protein of 757 amino acid residues. We describe a simple search protocol for identification of conserved internal exons in genomic sequence. Evolutionary conservation proved to be a useful criterion for distinguishing between authentic exons and artifactual products obtained by exon amplification, RT-PCR, and 5' RACE. Conserved noncoding sequence elements longer than 80 bp with >/=75% nucleotide sequence identity comprise approximately 1% of the genomic sequence in this region. Comparative analysis of this human and mouse genomic DNA sequence was an efficient method for gene identification and is independent of developmental stage or quantitative level of gene expression. [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under the following accession numbers: AC003061, mouse BAC clone 245c12; AC003065, human BAC clone h173(E10); AF053368, mouse Lor2 cDNA; AF084363, 108-kb contig from mouse BAC 245c12; AF084364, mouse D6Mm5e cDNA.]
Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 prevents activation of gene transcription by myogenic basic helix-loop-helix regulators. (1994)

Activation of muscle gene transcription in differentiating skeletal myoblasts requires their withdrawal from the cell cycle. The effects of ectopic cyclin expression on activation of muscle gene transcription by myogenic basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) regulators were investigated. Ectopic expression of cyclin D1, but not cyclins A, B1, B2, C, D3, and E, inhibited transcriptional activation of muscle gene reporter constructs by myogenic bHLH regulators in a dose-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 inhibited the activity of a myogenic bHLH regulator mutant lacking the basic region protein kinase C site, indicating that phosphorylation of this site is not relevant to the mechanism of inhibition. Analysis of cyclin D1 mutants revealed that the C-terminal acidic region was required for inhibition of myogenic bHLH regulator activity, whereas an intact N-terminal pRb binding motif was not essential. Together, these results implicate expression of cyclin D1 as a central determinant of a putatively novel mechanism that links positive control of cell cycle progression to negative regulation of genes expressed in differentiated myocytes.
Integrated uniplanar transition for linearly tapered slot antenna (1995)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and numerical modeling of two new uniplanar microstrip-to-coplanar strip (CPS) line transitions and a new variant of the linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA). This new variant with an integrated uniplanar microstrip-to-coplanar strip line feed is called a V-LTSA. The advantages of these transitions in packaging and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) integration are listed. The two transitions and the feed are modeled using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The overall agreement between the measured and modeled return-loss and insertion-loss characteristics of two back-to-back transitions is good. The resonance frequencies predicted by the FDTD method are within a few percentage points of the measurements. Furthermore, the V-LTSA with the feed is experimentally shown to have a wide return loss (/spl les/-10 dB) bandwidth, good radiation patterns, and low cross-polarization. The gain of the V-LTSA is 9 dB at the design frequency of 10 GHz. A proof-of-concept package to house the feed is experimentally evaluated and shown to have negligible effect on the antenna characteristics. This type of antenna readily integrates with MMIC packages in an array having a brick architecture. The V-LTSA has potential applications in phased arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cost-effective echo and NEXT canceller designs for 10GBASE-T ethernet system (2008)

In this paper, new echo and NEXT cancellers are proposed for echo and NEXT cancellation in full-duplex digital transmission over 10GBASE-T system. The proposed cancellation schemes inherit the concept of the adaptive interpolated FIR (AIFIR)-based crosstalk canceller, where the long portion is modeled by an adaptive sparse FIR filter. Furthermore, we also employ the channel shortening technique to shorten the impulse response of crosstalk interference. Hence, the complexity of echo and NEXT cancellers can be greatly reduced. Simulations show that compared with the conventional architecture, although the performance is degraded by 1.5 dB, it still meets the SNR requirement in 10GBASE-T system. The complexity reduction of the proposed echo and NEXT cancellation schemes in arithmetic is about 70% and 65% respectively. The saving of hardware complexity results in computationally efficient VLSI implementation of the echo and NEXT cancellers in 10GBASE-T system.
Enzyme Replacement in a Human Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA In Vitro and Its Biodistribution in the Cartilage of Wild Type Mice (2010)

Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS), an enzyme that degrades keratan sulfate (KS). Currently no therapy for MPS IVA is available. We produced recombinant human (rh)GALNS as a potential enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IVA. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably overexpressing GALNS and sulfatase modifying factor-1 were used to produce active ( approximately 2 U/mg) and pure (>or=97%) rhGALNS. The recombinant enzyme was phosphorylated and was dose-dependently taken up by mannose-6-phosphate receptor (K(uptake) = 2.5 nM), thereby restoring enzyme activity in MPS IVA fibroblasts. In the absence of an animal model with a skeletal phenotype, we established chondrocytes isolated from two MPS IVA patients as a disease model in vitro. MPS IVA chondrocyte GALNS activity was not detectable and the cells exhibited KS storage up to 11-fold higher than unaffected chondrocytes. MPS IVA chondrocytes internalized rhGALNS into lysosomes, resulting in normalization of enzyme activity and decrease in KS storage. rhGALNS treatment also modulated gene expression, increasing expression of chondrogenic genes Collagen II, Collagen X, Aggrecan and Sox9 and decreasing abnormal expression of Collagen I. Intravenous administration of rhGALNS resulted in biodistribution throughout all layers of the heart valve and the entire thickness of the growth plate in wild-type mice. We show that enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human GALNS results in clearance of keratan sulfate accumulation, and that such treatment ameliorates aberrant gene expression in human chondrocytes in vitro. Penetration of the therapeutic enzyme throughout poorly vascularized, but clinically relevant tissues, including growth plate cartilage and heart valve, as well as macrophages and hepatocytes in wild-type mouse, further supports development of rhGALNS as enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IVA.
Isolation of Marine Bacteria Capable of Producing Specific Lyases for Alginate Degradation (1982)

Alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3) were isolated from cultures of several marine bacterial isolates. The lyases were induced by native alginate and had activity toward both the mannuronic acid and the guluronic acid blocks of the alginate polymer. The guluronic acid-specific lyase was recovered from the medium, whereas the mannuronic acid-specific lyase was retained with the bacteria.
Dynamic texture: A physically based 2D animation system (2006)

Abstract The authors developed a method (the Dynamic Texture method) to create realistic texture images for the purpose of creating CG animations. In their method, a skeleton representing a dynamic framework is specified for the given image. Dynamic simulation is then applied to this, and realistic movement of the skeleton can be created. By deforming the original image in concert with the skeleton, realistic animations can be created. The way in which this method is most different from conventional approaches is that a 3D model is not required. In other words, a characteristic of this method is that realistic animations can be created without the involved effort of 3D modeling. The authors used trees and grass swaying in the wind and a person walking as example objects and performed experiments that yielded good results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(6): 73–81, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10200
The “Yellow Snow” Dilemma A Capital Budgeting Case (2006)

Arizona Snowbowl, a ski area located in northern Arizona, experienced several years of inadequate snowfall resulting in both operating losses and negative cash flows. The CEO had to decide whether to commit $750,000 for an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) related to a proposed $19.77 million snowmaking project that uses reclaimed wastewater. U.S. Forest Service approval was required. Data for this case were obtained from the EIS that the Snowbowl submitted to the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). Estimated skier days, revenue levels, capital costs and interest rates are provided to facilitate the decision modeling process. Students are expected to analyze the financial information and decide whether or not undertaking the EIS project is cost effective while taking into account the possibility that the regulatory and legal system might not allow the project to go forward.
Coordinated CTA Combination and Bandwidth Partitioning for GPU Concurrent Kernel Execution (2019)

Contemporary GPUs support multiple kernels to run concurrently on the same streaming multiprocessors (SMs). Recent studies have demonstrated that such concurrent kernel execution (CKE) improves both resource utilization and computational throughput. Most of the prior works focus on partitioning the GPU resources at the cooperative thread array (CTA) level or the warp scheduler level to improve CKE. However, significant performance slowdown and unfairness are observed when latency-sensitive kernels co-run with bandwidth-intensive ones. The reason is that bandwidth over-subscription from bandwidth-intensive kernels leads to much aggravated memory access latency, which is highly detrimental to latency-sensitive kernels. Even among bandwidth-intensive kernels, more intensive kernels may unfairly consume much higher bandwidth than less-intensive ones. In this article, we first make a case that such problems cannot be sufficiently solved by managing CTA combinations alone and reveal the fundamental reasons. Then, we propose a coordinated approach for CTA combination and bandwidth partitioning. Our approach dynamically detects co-running kernels as latency sensitive or bandwidth intensive. As both the DRAM bandwidth and L2-to-L1 Network-on-Chip (NoC) bandwidth can be the critical resource, our approach partitions both bandwidth resources coordinately along with selecting proper CTA combinations. The key objective is to allocate more CTA resources for latency-sensitive kernels and more NoC/DRAM bandwidth resources to NoC-/DRAM-intensive kernels. We achieve it using a variation of dominant resource fairness (DRF). Compared with two state-of-the-art CKE optimization schemes, SMK [52] and WS [55], our approach improves the average harmonic speedup by 78% and 39%, respectively. Even compared to the best possible CTA combinations, which are obtained from an exhaustive search among all possible CTA combinations, our approach improves the harmonic speedup by up to 51% and 11% on average.
Tuning localized plasmon cavities for optimized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (2007)

Mesostructured metallic substrates composed of square pyramidal pits are shown to confine localized plasmons. Plasmon frequency tuning is demonstrated using white light reflection spectroscopy with a wide range of structure dimensions from $400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}3000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. Using a simple plasmon cavity model, we demonstrate how the individual pit morphology and not their periodicity controls the resonance frequencies. By measuring the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals from monolayers of benzenethiol on the same range of mesostructures, we extract a quantitative connection between absorption, field enhancement, and SERS signals. The match between theory and experiment enables effective design of plasmon devices tailored for particular applications, such as optimizing SERS substrates.
The 38-amino acid form of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates dual signaling cascades in PC12 cells and promotes neurite outgrowth. (1992)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) activates adenylylcyclase in sympathoadrenal cells at concentrations greater than 10(-6) M. We demonstrate here that two forms of a newly discovered peptide with homology to VIP named pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are much more potent activators of signal transduction in PC12 cells. Both the 27- and 38-amino acid forms of PACAP elevate cAMP levels in PC12 cells and stimulate adenylylcyclase in PC12 membranes, with an EC50 near 10(-9) M. PACAP38 additionally is a potent activator of the inositol lipid cascade in PC12 cells, elevating the content of inositol phosphates by 8-fold at 10(-8) M (EC50 = 7 x 10(-9) M). PACAP38 and PACAP27 have been thought to have essentially identical actions, but PACAP27 is 2-3 logs less potent in increasing inositol lipid levels. Moreover, PACAP38 at 10(-8) M is an effective inducer of neuronal morphology in PC12 cells, whereas PACAP27 is much less active in promoting neurite outgrowth. In contrast to the PACAP-preferring receptors on PC12 cells, another class of PACAP-binding sites with equal high affinities for VIP, PACAP38, and PACAP27 has been identified on several other cell types. We find that the cAMP content of rat CH3 pituitary cells, known to have high affinity VIP receptors, is in fact potently elevated by PACAP27 and PACAP38 as well as by VIP. However, PACAP38, even at 10(-6) M, is not capable of significant activation of inositol lipid turnover via these VIP/PACAP nondiscriminating sites.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing of Implantable Neurostimulators Exposed to Metal Detectors (2010)

This paper presents results of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing of three implantable neurostimulators exposed to the magnetic fields emitted from several walk-through and hand-held metal detectors. The motivation behind this testing comes from numerous adverse event reports involving active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) and security systems that have been received by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). EMC testing was performed using three neurostimulators exposed to the emissions from 12 walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs) and 32 hand-held metal detectors (HHMDs). Emission measurements were performed on all HHMDs and WTMDs and summary data is presented. Results from the EMC testing indicate possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) between one of the neurostimulators and one WTMD and indicate that EMI between the three neurostimulators and HHMDs is unlikely. The results suggest that worst case situations for EMC testing are hard to predict and testing all major medical device modes and setting parameters are necessary to understand and characterize the EMC of AIMDs.
Real-time implementation and performance of a 16 kb/s low-delay CELP speech coder (2002)

A real-time implementation of the low-delay code-excited linear prediction (LD-CELP) speech coder based on the AT&T DSP32C is described. The performance of the coder is described. Recursive windowing is used to calculate the autocorrelation coefficients by dividing the Levinson-Durbin recursion into smaller parts and spreading the computation over several speech vectors. The LD-CELP encoder uses about 90% of the processor time of an 80-ns DSP32C, while the decoder uses about 40%. Hence, the coder is implemented on two DSP32Cs. For a single encoding with clear or noisy channels, the speech quality produced by this coder is either equivalent to or better than the CCITT G.721 standard 32-kb/s ADPCM. However, for multiple asynchronous encodings the ADPCM coders gives slightly better performance. The LD-CELP coder passes dual-tone multifrequency tones and 300-, 1200-, and 2400-b/s modem signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wernicke Encephalopathy Complicating Lymphoma Therapy: Case Report and Literature Review (2007)

Thiamine deficiency can occur in any disease that results in inadequate intake or excessive loss of vitamin B1. In addition to increased thiamine consumption secondary to high cell turnover, cancer patients frequently have reduced oral intake as a direct result of their cancer or from cancer treatments. However, Wernicke encephalopathy (cerebral Beriberi), a clinical manifestation of thiamine deficiency, has rarely been associated with cancer patients. We report a case of Wernicke encephalopathy in a nonalcoholic patient with lymphoma. Although thiamine deficiency rarely potentiates clinical sequelae in cancer patients, it is important to recognize the risk and the clinical signs and manifestations so that prompt therapy can be initiated to reverse morbidity.