gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An active slider for practical contact recording (1990)

The authors report designs for and experimental results from sliders which achieve contact recording at full speed rotation on rigid disks. In the proposed scheme, the problem of wear is mitigated by integrating an active bender into the slider. The bender carries the recording element and can raise and lower it on demand (with an applied voltage) to contact or some desired value. This permits the slider, or mother ship to be always flown at a safe distance from the disk. Magnetic and mechanical data which demonstrate the use of this slider class as a magnetic recording device, as a potential surface-analysis tool, and as a convenient test vehicle for heads are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Changes in the Global Burden of Chronic Liver Diseases From 2012 to 2017: The Growing Impact of NAFLD (2020)

From 2012 to 2017, the global burden of LC and cirrhosis has increased. Viral hepatitis remains the most common cause of liver deaths, and NAFLD is the most rapidly growing contributor to liver mortality and morbidity.
Negative ion measurements and etching in a pulsed-power inductively coupled plasma in chlorine (1996)

Anomalous side wall etching, called `notching' in gate poly-Si etching, is suppressed in a pulsed-power chlorine inductively coupled plasma (ICP). To understand the mechanism, comprehensive time-resolved measurements were performed on such key parameters as chlorine negative ion density, electron density, electron temperature and plasma potential. Comparison of these data with argon afterglows reveals a rapid electron cooling and a remarkable electron density drop which are caused by electron dissociative attachment forming abundant negative ions. The measurements of RF bias and plasma potential suggest a new mechanism of notch-free etching. Namely, the substrate potential in the positive RF phase instantaneously exceeds the plasma potential in the afterglow by a considerable amount, . Then electrons are accelerated through a sheath and neutralize positive charges on the gate oxide layer. Finally, the poly-Si etching process utilizing abundant is examined, focusing on the bias-frequency-dependence.
Fixed-site high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of chronic low back and lower extremity pain (2016)

FS-TENS is a safe and effective option for treating chronic low back and lower extremity pain. These results motivate the use of FS-TENS in development of wearable analgesic devices.
Colonization of 8-week-old conventionally reared goats by Escherichia coli O157 : H7 after oral inoculation (2005)

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections of man have been associated with consumption of unpasteurized goat's milk and direct contact with kid goats on petting farms, yet little is known about colonization of goats with this organism. To assess the contribution of flagella and intimin of E. coli O157 : H7 in colonization of the goat, 8-week-old conventionally reared goats were inoculated orally in separate experiments with 1x10(10) c.f.u. of a non-verotoxigenic strain of E. coli O157 : H7 (strain NCTC 12900 Nal(r)), an aflagellate derivative (DMB1) and an intimin-deficient derivative (DMB2). At 24 h after inoculation, the three E. coli O157 : H7 strains were shed at approximately 5x10(4) c.f.u. (g faeces)(-1) from all animals. Significantly fewer intimin-deficient bacteria were shed only on days 2 (P = 0.003) and 4 (P = 0.014), whereas from day 7 to 29 there were no differences. Tissues from three animals inoculated with wild-type E. coli O157 : H7 strain NCTC 12900 Nal(r) were sampled at 24, 48 and 96 h after inoculation and the organism was cultured from the large intestine of all three animals and from the duodenum and ileum of the animal examined at 96 h. Tissues were examined histologically but attaching-effacing (AE) lesions were not observed at any intestinal site of the animals examined at 24 or 48 h. However, the animal examined at 96 h, which had uniquely shed approximately 1x10(7) E. coli O157 : H7 (g faeces)(-1) for the preceding 3 days, showed a heavy, diffuse infection with cryptosporidia and abundant, multifocal AE lesions in the distal colon, rectum and at the recto-anal junction. These AE lesions were confirmed by immunohistochemistry to be associated with E. coli O157 : H7.
Minireview: Evolution of NURSA, the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (2009)

Nuclear receptors and coregulators are multifaceted players in normal metabolic and homeostatic processes in addition to a variety of disease states including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Over the past 7 yr, the Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) research consortium has worked toward establishing a discovery-driven platform designed to address key questions concerning the expression, organization, and function of these molecules in a variety of experimental model systems. By applying powerful technologies such as quantitative PCR, high-throughput mass spectrometry, and embryonic stem cell manipulation, we are pursuing these questions in a series of transcriptomics-, proteomics-, and metabolomics-based research projects and resources. The consortium's web site (www.nursa.org) integrates NURSA datasets and existing public datasets with the ultimate goal of furnishing the bench scientist with a comprehensive framework for hypothesis generation, modeling, and testing. We place a strong emphasis on community input into the development of this resource and to this end have published datasets from academic and industrial laboratories, established strategic alliances with Endocrine Society journals, and are developing tools to allow web site users to act as data curators. With the ongoing support of the nuclear receptor and coregulator signaling communities, we believe that NURSA can make a lasting contribution to research in this dynamic field.
A road less traveled paved by IDO silencing (2013)

Orchestrating a cytotoxic polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response strictly focused within the tumor tissue remains a formidable challenge for the successful therapeutic use of these cells. A <i>Salmonella</i> vector carrying an shRNA against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase has been shown to recruit PMNs and enhance their activation specifically in the tumor bed, resulting in significant anticancer effects.
On the robustness of action recognition methods in compressed and pixel domain (2016)

This paper investigates the robustness of two state-of-the-art action recognition algorithms: a pixel domain approach based on 3D convolutional neural networks (C3D) and a compressed domain approach requiring only partial decoding of the video, based on feature description using motion vectors and Fisher vector encoding (MV-FV). We study the robustness of the two algorithms against: (i) quality variations, (ii) changes in video encoding scheme, (iii) changes in resolutions. Experiments are performed on the HMDB51 dataset. Our main findings are that C3D is robust to variations of these parameters while the MV-FV is very sensitive. Hence, we consider C3D as a baseline method for our analysis. We also analyze the reasons behind these different behaviors and discuss their practical implications.
Neurodevelopmental protein Musashi-1 interacts with the Zika genome and promotes viral replication (2017)

A recent outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil has led to a simultaneous increase in reports of neonatal microcephaly. Zika targets cerebral neural precursors, a cell population essential for cortical development, but the cause of this neurotropism remains obscure. Here we report that the neural RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) interacts with the Zika genome and enables viral replication. Zika infection disrupts the binding of MSI1 to its endogenous targets, thereby deregulating expression of factors implicated in neural stem cell function. We further show that MSI1 is highly expressed in neural progenitors of the human embryonic brain and is mutated in individuals with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly. Selective MSI1 expression in neural precursors could therefore explain the exceptional vulnerability of these cells to Zika infection.
Digital controller design for electronic ballasts with phase control (2005)

This work presents an approach for digital controller design and implementation in resonant inverters and electronic ballasts. The controller is designed around an inner phase loop for fast regulation of the resonant tank operating point and an outer current loop to control the output load current. The concept of direct digital phase control is reviewed, followed by a description of a complete dual-loop digital controller design. The controller is applied to an HID ballast control system with additional functions including lamp startup and output overvoltage protection. The digital system is described with Verilog coding and can be synthesized and implemented automatically in standard digital logic. An FPGA-based test bed for the digital controller is implemented for rapid prototyping, reprogrammability, and realistic hardware realization.
Use of a Reference Point Method to Calibrate the Field Uniformity When Testing With Transient Electromagnetic Fields (2016)

Field uniformity is a highly important factor in guaranteeing the validity of test results for electromagnetic field facilities. In this paper, an alternative method is presented to calibrate field uniformity for eliminating the measurement error due to the variability of pulser outputs. By numerical computation and practical measurement, it is found that the method is beneficial to calibrate field uniformity of transient electromagnetic field faster and more accurately.
Silicon smart microchips for intelligent sensing (2008)

Silicon smart microchips with CMOS/MEMS technology are realized for intelligent sensing. In our developed chips, tow new type sensor chips are presented here. One is Si microprobe electrode array for using in the recording of neurons in the tissue. The probe array can be fabricated on IC chip, using standard IC process followed by a selective Si probe growth. Another one is pH image sensors successfully fabricated by using the CCD/CMOS image sensor technique, and real time imaging of a chemical reaction and pH distribution imaging was demonstrated.
Evaluation of recessed, snowplowable markers for centerline delineation (1979)

The purpose of the evaluation reported here was to determine the feasibility of using raised pavement markers placed in pavement grooves as a guidance aid for motorists during nighttime inclement weather conditions. Emphasis was on the visibility and durability characteristics of the markers as influenced by the method of placing them in pavement grooves. It was concluded that the method employed for placing these raised markers in the pavement is feasible for use as a means of protecting the marker from snowplow damage while providing guidance for motorists. However, it is recommended that this method of placing raised pavement markers in grooves not be used for centerline delineation until a method of installation is available which will decrease the cost of installing the markers.
Augmenting the User-Item Graph with Textual Similarity Models (2021)

This paper introduces a simple and effective form of data augmentation for recommender systems. A paraphrase similarity model is applied to widely available textual data, such as reviews and product descriptions, yielding new semantic relations that are added to the user-item graph. This increases the density of the graph without needing further labeled data. The data augmentation is evaluated on a variety of recommendation algorithms, using Euclidean, hyperbolic, and complex spaces, and over three categories of Amazon product reviews with differing characteristics. Results show that the data augmentation technique provides significant improvements to all types of models, with the most pronounced gains for knowledge graph-based recommenders, particularly in cold-start settings, leading to state-of-the-art performance.
Self-Wiring Question Answering Systems (2016)

Question answering (QA) has been the subject of a resurgence over the past years. The said resurgence has led to a multitude of question answering (QA) systems being developed both by companies and research facilities. While a few components of QA systems get reused across implementations, most systems do not leverage the full potential of component reuse. Hence, the development of QA systems is currently still a tedious and time-consuming process. We address the challenge of accelerating the creation of novel or tailored QA systems by presenting a concept for a self-wiring approach to composing QA systems. Our approach will allow the reuse of existing, web-based QA systems or modules while developing new QA platforms. To this end, it will rely on QA modules being described using the Web Ontology Language. Based on these descriptions, our approach will be able to automatically compose QA systems using a data-driven approach automatically.
A slot anntenna designed in ridge gap waveguide technology for V-band applications (2015)

In this paper we present the design of a millimeter-wave antenna based on recently developed ridge gap waveguide (RWG) technology. This is the first antenna designed based on this technology to operate in V-band (45-70 GHz). The antenna operates at 68.7 GHz with a bandwidth of 900 MHz. The feed network consists of a quarter-wavelength ridge gap waveguide resonator that excites a slot in the top metal plate. The corners of the slot are optimized for improved impedance matching. The simulated antenna has a gain of 7.0 dBi and an input reflection coefficient of -20.8 dB. Finite-element based electromagnetic simulations show that it is possible to scale ridge gap waveguide designs to operate in V-band.
A Case of Sertraline-Induced Stuttering (1996)

Christensen, Richard C. MD, MA; Byerly, Matthew J. MD; McElroy, Ross A. MD Author Information
Engineering and Characterization of a Stabilized α1/α2 Module of the Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Product Ld (2006)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic locus known, with thousands of allelic variants. There is considerable interest in understanding the diversity of structures and peptide-binding features represented by this class of proteins. Although many MHC proteins have been crystallized, others have not been amenable to structural or biochemical studies due to problems with expression or stability. In the present study, yeast display was used to engineer stabilizing mutations into the class I MHC molecule, Ld. The approach was based on previous studies that showed surface levels of yeast-displayed fusion proteins are directly correlated with protein stability. To engineer a more stable Ld, we selected Ld mutants with increased surface expression from randomly mutated yeast display libraries using anti-Ld antibodies or high affinity, soluble T-cell receptors (TCRs). The most stable Ld mutant, Ld-m31, consisted of a single-chain MHC module containing only the alpha1 and alpha2 domains. The enhanced stability was in part due to a single mutation (Trp-97 --> Arg), shown previously to be present in the allele Lq. Mutant Ld-m31 could bind to Ld peptides, and the specific peptide.Ld-m31 complex (QL9.Ld-m31) was recognized by alloreactive TCR 2C. A soluble form of the Ld-m31 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and refolded from inclusion bodies at high yields. Surface plasmon resonance showed that TCRs bound to peptide.Ld-m31 complexes with affinities similar to those of native full-length Ld. The TCR and QL9.Ld-m31 formed complexes that could be resolved by native gel electrophoresis, suggesting that stabilized alpha1/alpha2 class I platforms may enable various structural studies.
The disease characteristics of different strains of scrapie in Sinc congenic mouse lines: implications for the nature of the agent and host control of pathogenesis (1991)

Mouse lines which are congenic for Sinc, the major gene controlling scrapie incubation period, have been produced by selective breeding from the inbred C57BL(Sincs7) and VM(Sincp7) strains; the s7 allele of Sinc has been introduced into a VM background by 18 serial backcrosses, at each generation selecting on the basis of the incubation period with the ME7 scrapie strain. The characteristics of the disease produced by seven scrapie strains have been compared in Sincs7 and Sincp7 congenic mice and in the F1 cross between them. As previously found in non-congenic mice, each scrapie strain has a characteristic, precisely reproducible incubation period pattern in the three Sinc genotypes. The Sinc gene controls the incubation period for all scrapie strains tested but the direction of allelic action and the apparent dominance pattern differs between scrapie strains. Comparison with non-congenic mice shows that other genes also have a minor effect on incubation period. The distribution of vacuolar degeneration in the brain depends mainly on the scrapie strain but is also influenced by Sinc and other unspecified mouse genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has already shown that the close linkage between Sinc and the gene encoding PrP has been maintained in the Sinc congenic lines, strengthening the possibility that PrP is the Sinc gene product. The present study confirms that scrapie strains carry information which is independent of the host but nevertheless suggests that host PrP protein interacts with this information to regulate the progression of the disease.
ChemInform Abstract: AN INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER STRATEGY TO FORSKOLIN (1985)

Abstract Das AB‐Ringsystem der Verbindung (VIII), das in dem biologisch wichtigen Naturstoff Forskolin (I) vorkommt, erhält man ausgehend von α‐Ionen (II), letztlich über eine intramolekulare Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion des Propiolesters (VII).
Dengue Type 4 Live-Attenuated Vaccine Viruses Passaged in Vero Cells Affect Genetic Stability and Dengue-Induced Hemorrhaging in Mice (2011)

Most live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus vaccines in current clinical trials are produced from Vero cells. In a previous study we demonstrated that an infectious cDNA clone-derived dengue type 4 (DEN-4) virus retains higher genetic stability in MRC-5 cells than in Vero cells. For this study we investigated two DEN-4 viruses: the infectious cDNA clone-derived DEN-4 2A and its derived 3' NCR 30-nucleotide deletion mutant DEN-4 2AΔ30, a vaccine candidate. Mutations in the C-prM-E, NS2B-NS3, and NS4B-NS5 regions of the DEN genome were sequenced and compared following cell passages in Vero and MRC-5 cells. Our results indicate stronger genetic stability in both viruses following MRC-5 cell passages, leading to significantly lower RNA polymerase error rates when the DEN-4 virus is used for genome replication. Although no significant increases in virus titers were observed following cell passages, DEN-4 2A and DEN-4 2AΔ30 virus titers following Vero cell passages were 17-fold to 25-fold higher than titers following MRC-5 cell passages. Neurovirulence for DEN-4 2A and DEN-4 2AΔ30 viruses increased significantly following passages in Vero cells compared to passages in MRC-5 cells. In addition, more severe DEN-induced hemorrhaging in mice was noted following DEN-4 2A and DEN-4 2AΔ30 passages in Vero cells compared to passages in MRC-5 cells. Target mutagenesis performed on the DEN-4 2A infectious clone indicated that single point mutation of E-Q(438)H, E-V(463)L, NS2B-Q(78)H, and NS2B-A(113)T imperatively increased mouse hemorrhaging severity. The relationship between amino acid mutations acquired during Vero cell passage and enhanced DEN-induced hemorrhages in mice may be important for understanding DHF pathogenesis, as well as for the development of live-attenuated dengue vaccines. Taken together, the genetic stability, virus yield, and DEN-induced hemorrhaging all require further investigation in the context of live-attenuated DEN vaccine development.
Understanding the artefact problem in freeze‐fracture replication: a review (1982)

Freeze-fracture and freeze-etching techniques do not provide artefact-free images of native in vivo or in vitro cells and tissues. Each preparation stage can produce specific artefacts which must be recognized and understood if these methods are to contribute meaningful information to cell biology, This paper reviews the latest information available on artefacts in freeze-fracture replication (and etching) methods and points to possibilities for avoiding some of them. Different specimens show different sensitivity to artefactual changes and the final images must be interpreted carefully with regard to the multi-event process that has led to their production.
Drug Design Targeting the Main Protease, the Achilles Heel of Coronaviruses (2006)

Coronaviruses (CoVs), a genus containing about 26 known species to date, cause highly prevalent diseases and are often severe or fatal in humans and animals. In 2003, a previously unknown coronavirus was identified to be the etiological agent of a global outbreak of a form of life-threatening pneumonia called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). No efficacious therapy is currently available, and vaccines and drugs are under development to prevent SARS-CoV infection in many countries. The CoV main protease (M(pro)), which plays a pivotal role in viral gene expression and replication through a highly complex cascade involving the proteolytic processing of replicase polyproteins, is an attractive target for drug design. This review summarizes the recent advances in biological and structural studies, together with development of inhibitors targeting CoV M(pro)s. It is expected that inhibitors targeting CoV M(pro)s could be developed into wide-spectrum antiviral drugs against existing and possible future emerging CoV-associated diseases.
Are there critical periods for brain growth in children born preterm? (2005)

Although both IQ and minor motor impairments correlate strongly with each other at school age in very low birthweight children, the factors determining them and their timing of operation are different. Interventions designed to improve IQ in this population would need to reduce IUGR and improve later childhood growth. Those aimed to improve motor ability need to be targeted more at brain protection during the neonatal period.
Where is Health-Related Quality-of-Life Assessment in Oncology Clinical Study Heading? (2004)

On September 24, 2002, I watched the live broadcast of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee (ODAC) meeting on AstraZeneca's Iressa new drug application (NDA) for...
Untersuchungen zur Mikrozirkulation der Nasenschleimhaut bei Verwendung von Ballontamponaden*<sup>,</sup>** (1997)

Cuffed nasal packings stop the blood flow in nasal mucosa even at low local pressures. Depending on the material characteristics of different cuffs the pressure to dilate the cuff may, however, be several times higher than the actual local pressure. This effect may cause problems in the proper use of cuffed catheters. Laser doppler flowmetry proved to be helpful in determining reproducible perfusion values.