gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NanoMap: Fast, Uncertainty-Aware Proximity Queries with Lazy Search Over Local 3D Data (2018)

We would like robots to be able to safely navigate at high speed, efficiently use local 3D information, and robustly plan motions that consider pose uncertainty of measurements in a local map structure. This is hard to do with previously existing mapping approaches, like occupancy grids, that are focused on incrementally fusing 3D data into a common world frame. In particular, both their fragile sensitivity to state estimation errors and computational cost can be limiting. We develop an alternative framework, NanoMap, which alleviates the need for global map fusion and enables a motion planner to efficiently query pose-uncertainty-aware local 3D geometric information. The key idea of NanoMap is to store a history of noisy relative pose transforms and search over a corresponding set of depth sensor measurements for the minimum-uncertainty view of a queried point in space. This approach affords a variety of capabilities not offered by traditional mapping techniques: (a) the pose uncertainty associated with 3D data can be incorporated in motion planning, (b) poses can be updated (i.e., from loop closures) with minimal computational effort, and (c) 3D data can be fused lazily for the purpose of planning. We provide an open-source implementation of NanoMap, and analyze its capabilities and computational efficiency in simulation experiments. Finally, we demonstrate in hardware its effectiveness for fast 3D obstacle avoidance onboard a quadrotor flying up to 10 m/s.
Dynamic Behaviour Analysis of Turbocharger Rotor-Shaft System in Thermal Environment Based on Finite Element Method (2020)

The stable operation of a high-speed rotating rotor-bearing system is dependent on the internal damping of its materials. In this study, the dynamic behaviours of a rotor-shaft system with internal damping composite materials under the action of a temperature field are analysed. The temperature field will increase the tangential force generated by the internal damping of the composite material. The tangential force will also increase with the rotor speed, which can destabilise the rotor-shaft system. To better understand the dynamic behaviours of the system, we introduced a finite element calculation model of a rotor-shaft system based on a 3D high-order element (Solid186) to study the turbocharger rotor-bearing system in a temperature field. The analysis was done according to the modal damping coefficient, stability limit speed, and unbalance response. The results show that accurate prediction of internal damping energy dissipation in a temperature field is crucial for accurate prediction of rotor dynamic performance. This is an important step to understand dynamic rotor stress and rotor dynamic design.
Virulence and Molecular Diversity in <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i> from South, Central, and North America (1997)

ABSTRACT Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (138 total) from Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, and the United States were characterized into 41 races based on virulence to 12 differential cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. These 41 races were categorized into two groups: those found over a wide geographic area and those restricted to a single country. Races 7, 65, and 73 were widespread. Race 73 was the most common (28%). Race 7 was found once in Argentina and Mexico but at a higher frequency in the United States. Race 65 was found repeatedly in Brazil and the United States. Although 39% of the races were detected repeatedly and three races were widespread, no race was isolated from both P. vulgaris gene pools. Phenetic analyses showed no obvious patterns correlated with virulence clusters. No geographic pattern was evident. Molecular polymorphism generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA confirmed the extensive variability in virulence of C. lindemuthianum. Virulence phenotypes were grouped into 15 clusters. The two largest clusters contained isolates from all the geographic regions sampled. Molecular polymorphism was observed among isolates from races 65 and 73 within and among countries, except among Bra-zilian isolates of race 65. The genetic diversity of C. lindemuthianum was greatest in Mexico and Honduras. Our data suggest that C. lindemuthianum may not be highly structured to specific Phaseolus gene pools.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a 3-D Lithium Based Metal−Organic Framework Showing Dynamic Structural Behavior (2010)

A 3-D lithium based metal organic framework Li2(C7H3NO4)·(C3H7NO) [Li2(2,5-PDC)·(DMF), 1; ULMOF-5, UL= ultralight, PDC = pyridinedicarboxylate, space group Pbcn, a = 15.800(3) Å, b = 8.5958(17) Å, c = 18.460(4) Å, V = 2507.1(9) Å3] was synthesized using the solvothermal method and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. Compound 1 contains tetrameric edge and corner sharing lithium polyhedral clusters connected by organic linkers, forming channels along the [001] direction, with coordinated DMF molecules pointing toward each other in these channels. Thermogravimetric analysis shows compound 1 is stable up to 280 °C under N2 atmosphere followed by removal of the coordinated DMF molecules, as evident from the associated weight loss. BET (25.06 m2/g) surface area measurement showed loss of porosity after solvent removal because of a structure change. Solid-state 6Li NMR on the desolvated compound showed the absence of tricoordinated lithium centers, indicating rearrangement of bonds around the lithium center after DMF removal. The desolvated form reverts to the original form upon exposure to DMF, showing dynamic structural behavior.
Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol, and Lung Function Decline in Patients with Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Heightened Cardiovascular Risk (2017)

In patients with moderate COPD and heightened cardiovascular risk, FF alone or in combination with VI appears to reduce the rate of FEV<sub>1</sub> decline. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01313676).
High resistivity in <i>p</i>-type InP by deuteron bombardment (1983)

High resistivity layers have been achieved in p-type InP using deuteron bombardment. A curve of average resistivity versus bombardment dose has been determined for p-type InP with an initial background carrier concentration of 1×1018 cm−3. It has been shown that average resistivities of 109 Ω cm or higher can be attained reproducibly, over a dose range 3×1013–1×1014 deuterons/cm2.
Integration Challenges of Nanoporous Low Dielectric Constant Materials (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The reliable integration of nanoporous low dielectric constant <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(k)$</tex> </formula> materials is challenging due to their vulnerability to delamination, cohesive cracking, and diffusion. We review selected reliability issues for the integration of nanoporous low-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> </formula> dielectrics regarding UV curing, diffusion, and damage evolution. Depth-dependent UV curing by the UV standing wave effect is presented. It is demonstrated that significant enhancement in fracture energies at both interfaces of low-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex></formula> films can be obtained by tailoring UV curing depth profiles and employing the underlying barrier as an optical spacer. The effects of nonionic surfactants on diffusion and damage evolution in nanoporous low-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex></formula> films are discussed. </para>
Role of a BCL9-Related β-Catenin-Binding Protein, B9L, in Tumorigenesis Induced by Aberrant Activation of Wnt Signaling (2004)

Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in a number of developmental processes and in tumorigenesis. beta-Catenin is stabilized by Wnt signaling and associates with the TCF/LEF family of transcription factors, thereby activating transcription of Wnt target genes. Constitutive activation of beta-catenin-TCF-mediated transcription resulting from mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), beta-catenin, or Axin is believed to be a critical step in tumorigenesis among divergent types of cancers. Here we show that the transactivation potential of the beta-catenin-TCF complex is enhanced by its interaction with a BCL9-like protein, B9L, in addition to BCL9. We found that B9L is required for enhanced beta-catenin-TCF-mediated transcription in colorectal tumor cells and for beta-catenin-induced transformation of RK3E cells. Furthermore, expression of B9L was aberrantly elevated in about 43% of colorectal tumors, relative to the corresponding noncancerous tissues. These results suggest that B9L plays an important role in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
Long-wavelength laser power converters for optical fibers (2002)

Measured responsivity and illuminated I-V data are presented for III-V In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As-based photovoltaic cells with bandgaps of 1.42 eV (GaAs), 0.74 (lattice-matched In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As), and 0.55 eV ("extended" lattice-mismatched In/sub 0.7/Ga/sub 0.3/As) relevant to their application as laser power converters (LPCs) sensitive to infrared light out to a long cutoff wavelength of 2.3 /spl mu/m. The authors present an analysis that shows the optimum LPC size to use with a Gaussian illumination profile. They compare some of the tradeoffs of more complex multijunction LPCs with simpler single-junction LPCs used with commercial DC-DC power converter chips.
Production by a baculovirus expression system of the APO-protein of L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a flavoenzyme possessing a covalently-bound FAD. (1994)

L-Gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, an enzyme functioning in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis in higher animals, possesses a covalently-bound FAD as the prosthetic group. Catalytically-active enzyme was expressed in silkworm cells by a recombinant baculovirus encoding rat L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase. When recombinant enzyme was expressed under riboflavin-deficient conditions, most of it was found to be the apoprotein, as evidenced by an increase in enzymic activity upon addition of FAD to the assay mixture. Interestingly, the observed enzymic activity is thought to have been provoked by a noncovalent interaction between FAD and the apoprotein, since the covalent attachment of FAD was not demonstrated by a fluorometric gel-scanning experiment.
Route identification in the National Football League (2019)

Abstract Tracking data in the National Football League (NFL) is a sequence of spatial-temporal measurements that varies in length depending on the duration of the play. In this paper, we demonstrate how model-based curve clustering of observed player trajectories can be used to identify the routes run by eligible receivers on offensive passing plays. We use a Bernstein polynomial basis function to represent cluster centers, and the Expectation Maximization algorithm to learn the route labels for each of the 33,967 routes run on the 6963 passing plays in the data set. With few assumptions and no pre-existing labels, we are able to closely recreate the standard route tree from our algorithm. We go on to suggest ideas for new potential receiver metrics that account for receiver deployment and movement common throughout the league. The resulting route labels can also be paired with film to enable streamlined queries of game film.
Mutations on COVID-19 diagnostic targets (2020)

Effective, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic reagents are of paramount importance for combating the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a time there is no preventive vaccine nor specific drug available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It would be an absolute tragedy if currently used diagnostic reagents are undermined in any manner. Based on the genotyping of 7818 SARS-CoV-2 genome samples collected up to May 1, 2020, we reveal that essentially all of the current COVID-19 diagnostic targets have had mutations. We further show that SARS-CoV-2 has the most devastating mutations on the targets of various nucleocapsid (N) gene primers and probes, which have been unfortunately used by countries around the world to diagnose COVID-19. Our findings explain what has seriously gone wrong with a specific diagnostic reagent made in China. To understand whether SARS-CoV-2 genes have mutated unevenly, we have computed the mutation ratio and mutation $h$-index of all SARS-CoV genes, indicating that the N gene is the most non-conservative gene in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Our findings enable researchers to target the most conservative SARS-CoV-2 genes and proteins for the design and development of COVID-19 diagnostic reagents, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines.
Session 8 fully-integrated analog filters (1978)

Presents a synopsis of the sessions held at the conference proceedings.
Effects of low energy shock wave therapy on inflammatory moleculars, bladder pain, and bladder function in a rat cystitis model (2016)

CYP-induced bladder pain, inflammation, and overactivity involves activation of IL6, NGF, and COX2 expression. These changes are suppressed by LESW, indicating it as a potential candidate for relieving bladder inflammatory conditions and overactivity.
Uridine supplementation exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis (2015)

In summary, we were able to show that uridine has potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. As uridine supplementation has been shown to be well tolerated and safe in humans, this might be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases.
Tailored Gallium(III) Chelator NOPO: Synthesis, Characterization, Bioconjugation, and Application in Preclinical Ga-68-PET Imaging (2013)

The bifunctional chelator NOPO (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-bis[methylene(hydroxymethyl)phosphinic acid]-7-[methylene(2-carboxyethyl)phosphinic acid]) shows remarkably high Ga(III) complexation efficiency and comprises one carboxylic acid moiety which is not involved into metal ion coordination. An improved synthetic protocol affords NOPO with 45% overall yield. Stepwise protonation constants (log Ka), determined by potentiometry, are 11.96, 5.22, 3.77, and 1.54; the stability constant of the Ga(III) complex is log KGaL = 25.0. Within 5 min, (68)Ga(III) incorporation by NOPO is virtually quantitative at room temperature between pH 3 and 4, and at 95 °C at pH ranging from 0.5 to 7, at NOPO concentrations of 30 μM and 10 μM, respectively. During amide bond formation at the distant carboxylate using the HATU coupling reagent, an intramolecular phosphinic acid ester (phosphilactone) is formed, which is cleaved during (68)Ga complexation or in acidic media, such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Phosphilactone formation can also be suppressed by complexation of Zn(2+) prior to conjugation, the resulting zinc-containing conjugates nevertheless being suitable for direct (68)Ga-labeling. In AR42J (rat pancreatic carcinoma) xenografted CD-1 nude mice, (68)Ga-labeled NOPO-NaI(3)-octreotide conjugate ((68)Ga-NOPO-NOC) showed high and fully blockable tumor uptake (13.9 ± 5% ID/g, 120 min p.i., compared to 0.9 ± 0.4% ID/g with 5 mg/kg of nonlabeled peptide). Uptake in other tissues was generally below 3% ID/g, except appearance of excretion-related activity accumulation in kidneys. NOPO-functionalized compounds tend to be more hydrophilic than the corresponding DOTA- and NODAGA-conjugates, thus promoting fast and extensive renal excretion of (68)Ga-NOPO-radiopharmaceuticals. NOPO-functionalized peptides provide suitable pharmacokinetics in vivo and meet all requirements for efficient (68)Ga-labeling even at room temperature in a kit-like manner.
The C-seal: A Biofragmentable Drain Protecting the Stapled Colorectal Anastomosis from Leakage (2010)

Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication in colorectal surgery leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. The incidence of AL varies between 2.5 and 20%. Over the years, many strategies aimed at lowering the incidence of anastomotic leakage have been examined. The cause of AL is probably multifactorial. Etiological factors include insufficient arterial blood supply, tension on the anastomosis, hematoma and/or infection at the anastomotic site, and co-morbid factors of the patient as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, some anastomoses may be insufficient from the start due to technical failure. Currently a new device is developed in our institute aimed at protecting the colorectal anastomosis and lowering the incidence of AL. This so called C-seal is a biofragmentable drain, which is stapled to the anastomosis with the circular stapler. It covers the luminal side of the colorectal anastomosis thereby preventing leakage. The C-seal is a thin-walled tube-like drain, with an approximate diameter of 4 cm and an approximate length of 25 cm. It is a tubular device composed of biodegradable polyurethane. Two flaps with adhesive tape are found at one end of the tube. These flaps are used to attach the C-seal to the anvil of the circular stapler, so that after the anastomosis is made the C-seal can be pulled through the anus. The C-seal remains in situ for at least 10 days. Thereafter it will lose strength and will degrade to be secreted from the body together with the gastrointestinal natural contents. The C-seal does not prevent the formation of dehiscences. However, it prevents extravasation of faeces into the peritoneal cavity. This means that a gap at the anastomotic site does not lead to leakage. Currently, a phase II study testing the C-seal in 35 patients undergoing (colo-)rectal resection with stapled anastomosis is recruiting. The C-seal can be used in both open procedures as well as laparoscopic procedures. The C-seal is only applied in stapled anastomoses within 15 cm from the anal verge. In the video, application of the C-seal is shown in an open extended sigmoid resection in a patient suffering from diverticular disease with a stenotic colon.
Effect of wet antenna attenuation on propagation data statistics (2001)

Wet antenna attenuation during rain events is examined through carrying out simulated rain experiments. These were conducted on the receiving antenna of the Vancouver ACTS terminal under conditions similar to those prevalent when the propagation data on the Vancouver ACTS path were collected. The findings from these experiments are used to estimate path attenuation data for that path by adjusting the collected data for wet antenna attenuation via two different models. Primary and secondary statistics of the path attenuation data derived from the models at the two ACTS frequencies, nominally 20 and 27 GHz, are computed and compared with those for the unadjusted, measured data. This was done for the four-year period of December 1993 to November 1997 and includes average and worst month cumulative distribution functions and fade-duration and fade-slope statistics. While the two models yield similar statistics, these differ significantly from those derived from the unadjusted data. The comparison of the two sets of statistics suggests that the use of those of the unadjusted data to represent path attenuation would grossly exaggerate the requirements for system design.
The Toastboard (2016)

The recent proliferation of easy to use electronic components and toolkits has introduced a large number of novices to designing and building electronic projects. Nevertheless, debugging circuits remains a difficult and time-consuming task. This paper presents a novel debugging tool for electronic design projects, the Toastboard, that aims to reduce debugging time by improving upon the standard paradigm of point-wise circuit measurements. Ubiquitous instrumentation allows for immediate visualization of an entire breadboard's state, meaning users can diagnose problems based on a wealth of data instead of having to form a single hypothesis and plan before taking a measurement. Basic connectivity information is displayed visually on the circuit itself and quantitative data is displayed on the accompanying web interface. Software-based testing functions further lower the expertise threshold for efficient debugging by diagnosing classes of circuit errors automatically. In an informal study, participants found the detailed, pervasive, and context-rich data from our tool helpful and potentially time-saving.
A low complexity data-dependent beamformer (2008)

The classical problem of choosing apodization functions for a beamformer involves a trade-off between mainlobe width and sidelobe level, i.e. a trade-off between resolution and contrast. To avoid this trade-off it has been suggested to apply adaptive methods, such as minimum variance beamforming, to medical ultrasound imaging. This has been an active topic of research in the recent years, and several authors have demonstrated significant improvements in image resolution. However, the improvement comes at a considerable cost. Where the complexity of a conventional beamformer is linear with the number of elements (O(M)), the complexity of the minimum variance beamformer is up to O(M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ). In this paper we have applied a method-based on an idea by Vignon and Burcher-which is data-adaptive, but selects the apodization function between a number of predefined windows, giving linear complexity.
Einfache und selektive Nickel-katalysierte Allyletherspaltung (1998)

Kinderleicht wird das Entschützen allylsubstituierter OH-Gruppen mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid (DIBAL) und einem Ni-Katalysator. Nahezu unabhängig von anderen Substituenten wird selektiv nur die Allylgruppe unter Bildung von Propen in einer Hydroaluminierungs-Eliminierungs-Reaktion abgespalten [Gl. (a)]. dppp = Propan-1,3-diylbis(diphenylphosphan).
Call routing management in enterprise VoIP networks (2007)

Voice over IP (VoIP) usage is growing at an astronomical rate, resulting in large infrastructures that are becoming increasingly challenging to manage. In this paper, we focus on the management of call routing which determines how calls are routed inside a VoIP infrastructure, particularly for large multi-site infrastructures such as enterprise networks. Call routing can be complex because of several contributing factors. First, each site may independently manage and implement their own call routing policies. Second, a wide range of policies such as minimal cost or maximum performance may be in use. Existing call routing tools help with configuring or installing the policies but do not provide a means to understand or verify the policies that have been configured. In this paper, we present an analysis and visualization tool to manage call routing policies by providing a consolidated view that facilitates reasoning about the routing policies that are in use in the system.
Monte Carlo validation of optimal material discrimination using spectral x-ray imaging (2014)

The validation of a previous work on the optimization of material discrimination in spectral x-ray imaging is reported. Using Monte Carlo simulations based on the BEAMnrc package, material decomposition was performed on the projection images of phantoms containing up to three materials. The simulated projection data was first decomposed into material basis images by minimizing the z-score between expected and simulated counts. Statistical analysis was performed for the pixels within the region-of-interest consisting of contrast material(s) in the BEAMnrc simulations. With the consideration of scattered radiation and a realistic scanning geometry, the theoretical optima of energy bin borders provided by the algorithm were shown to have an accuracy of $\pm$2 keV for the decomposition of 2 and 3 materials. Finally, the signal-to-noise ratio predicted by the theoretical model was also validated. The counts per pixel needed for achieving a specific imaging aim can therefore be estimated using the validated model.