gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAR image formation algorithm with multipath reflectivity estimation (2004)

Recent analysis has resulted in an innovative technique for forming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images without the multipath ghost artifacts that arise in traditional methods. This technique separates direct-scatter echoes in an image from echoes that are the result of multipath, and then maps each set of reflections to a metrically correct image space. Current processing schemes place the multipath echoes at incorrect (i.e., ghost) locations due to fundamental assumptions implicit in conventional array processing. Two desired results are achieved by use of this new image reconstruction algorithm for multipath scattering (IRAMS). First, the intensities or the ghost returns are reduced in the primary image space, thereby improving the relationship between the image pattern and the physical distribution of the scatterers. Second, a higher dimensional image space that enhances the intensities of the multipath echoes is created which possesses characteristic information about the scene being imaged. These auxiliary "delay" image planes offer the potential or dramatically improving target detection and identification capabilities. This paper develops a robust IRAMS implementation that is based upon the cross-range drift in conventional SAR imagery of the multipath scattering events with respect to changes in the relative aspect angle. The resulting analysis is validated via simulated frequency response data that includes the effects of multipath scattering.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics. XI. Synthesis and activity of 4'-deoxykanamycin B. (1977)

4'-Deoxykanamycin A (12) has been prepared by two different routes (Routes A and B) starting from 6'-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-kanamycin A (1) which was prepared by the selective benzyloxycarbonylation of kanamycin A. The key compounds for the 4'-deoxygenation, N, O-poly-blocked derivatives having a free hydroxy group on C-4', were prepared either by the cleavage of the 4', 6'-cyclic carbamate (7) to the 6'-N-carbethoxy derivative (8) in Route A or by the O→N migration of an acetyl group from the 4'-hydroxy group to the 6'-amino group (13→44) in Route B, 4'-Deoxykanamycin A is significantly more active than kanamycin against Pseudomonas strains and also inhibits the resistant organisms which produce neomycin-kanamycin phosphotransferase II.
Direct graphene growth on Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(111) by molecular beam epitaxy (2012)

Direct growth of graphene on Co(3)O(4)(111) at 1000 K was achieved by molecular beam epitaxy from a graphite source. Auger spectroscopy shows a characteristic sp(2) carbon lineshape, at average carbon coverages from 0.4 to 3 ML. Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) indicates (111) ordering of the sp(2) carbon film with a lattice constant of 2.5(±0.1) Å characteristic of graphene. Sixfold symmetry of the graphene diffraction spots is observed at 0.4, 1 and 3 ML. The LEED data also indicate an average domain size of ~1800 Å, and show an incommensurate interface with the Co(3)O(4)(111) substrate, where the latter exhibits a lattice constant of 2.8(±0.1) Å. Core level photoemission shows a characteristically asymmetric C(1s) feature, with the expected π to π* satellite feature, but with a binding energy for the 3 ML film of 284.9(±0.1) eV, indicative of substantial graphene-to-oxide charge transfer. Spectroscopic ellipsometry data demonstrate broad similarity with graphene samples physically transferred to SiO(2) or grown on SiC substrates, but with the π to π* absorption blue-shifted, consistent with charge transfer to the substrate. The ability to grow graphene directly on magnetically and electrically polarizable substrates opens new opportunities for industrial scale development of charge- and spin-based devices.
Application of X-ray Optics to Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (1998)

: X-ray optics have been used in X-ray analytical instruments for several years. Applications of X-ray optics have been reported in X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. X-ray optics have been used to increase the X-ray flux incident on the sample or to direct and focus emitted X-rays from a sample. We report here the use of a grazing incidence optic (GIO) as a flux-enhancing collimator for use with an energy-dispersive (ED) detector used to perform electron beam microanalysis. We found that the GIO in combination with an ED spectrometer (EDS) provides substantial intensity gain for X-ray lines with energy below 1 keV. The GIO is also found to provide a modest focus effect, and introduces minimal spectral artifacts.
The Receptor-Like Protein ReMAX of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Detects the Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern eMax from <i>Xanthomonas</i>  (2013)

As part of their immune system, plants have pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can detect a broad range of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Here, we identified a PRR of Arabidopsis thaliana with specificity for the bacterial MAMP eMax from xanthomonads. Response to eMax seems to be restricted to the Brassicaceae family and also varied among different accessions of Arabidopsis. In crosses between sensitive accessions and the insensitive accession Shakhdara, eMax perception mapped to receptor-like protein1 (RLP1). Functional complementation of rlp1 mutants required gene constructs that code for a longer version of RLP1 that we termed ReMAX (for receptor of eMax). ReMAX/RLP1 is a typical RLP with structural similarity to the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) RLP Eix2, which detects fungal xylanase as a MAMP. Attempts to demonstrate receptor function by interfamily transfer of ReMAX to Nicotiana benthamiana were successful after using hybrid receptors with the C-terminal part of ReMAX replaced by that of Eix2. These results show that ReMAX determines specificity for eMax. They also demonstrate hybrid receptor technology as a promising tool to overcome problems that impede interfamily transfer of PRRs to enhance pathogen detection in crop plants.
Molecular cloning and characterization of hepatitis A virus cDNA. (1983)

Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA and inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322. Restriction endonuclease digestion and cross-hybridization of fragments yielded a map of overlapping cloned cDNAs that included at least 99% of the viral genome. Molecular clones containing HAV cDNA were identified by hybridizing cloned cDNA to electrophoretically resolved RNA from uninfected and HAV-infected tissue culture cells. Cloned cDNA probes specifically hybridized to RNA from infected cells, and the predominant species identified had the characteristic genomic length of picornaviral RNA (approximately equal to 7,500 nucleotides). A partial sequence from the 3' end of the genome revealed 414 bases in an open reading frame followed by two closely spaced stop codons, a 60-base noncoding region, and a tract of poly(A).
Tone signal generation device for an electronic musical instrument (1987)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Junichi Fujimori, Jun Sugiyama; Tone signal generation device for an electronic musical instrument. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 1987; 81 (6): 2007. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.394712 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Synthesis of huperzine A, its analogs, and their anticholinesterase activity (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of huperzine A, its analogs, and their anticholinesterase activityAlan P. Kozikowski, Yan Xia, E. Rajarathnam Reddy, Werner Tuckmantel, Israel Hanin, and X. C. TangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 15, 4636–4645Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00015a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1553Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Atmospheric turbulence generator for adaptive optical systems testing (2007)

Many electro optical devices are now available for compensating atmospheric distortions in optical systems. To support the characterization of these devices in a consistent fashion a common testbed that physically simulates these atmospheric aberrations is required. This paper reports on a system that realizes seeing conditions ranging from very poor to excellent and feeds these wavefronts to the compensation device under test. The testbed provides quantitative characterization of the system under test and evaluates residual wavefront error.
Transposable Elements in TDP-43-Mediated Neurodegenerative Disorders (2012)

Elevated expression of specific transposable elements (TEs) has been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders. TEs also can be active during normal neurogenesis. By mining a series of deep sequencing datasets of protein-RNA interactions and of gene expression profiles, we uncovered extensive binding of TE transcripts to TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein central to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Second, we find that association between TDP-43 and many of its TE targets is reduced in FTLD patients. Third, we discovered that a large fraction of the TEs to which TDP-43 binds become de-repressed in mouse TDP-43 disease models. We propose the hypothesis that TE mis-regulation contributes to TDP-43 related neurodegenerative diseases.
A Switchable-Frequency Slot-Ring Antenna Element for Designing a Reconfigurable Array (2017)

A frequency-reconfigurable slot-ring antenna switching between L- and C-bands is presented. The aperture of an L-band slot-ring antenna can be reconfigured to a 2 × 2 C -band slot-ring antenna array by changing the states of 16 p-i-n diode switches. This antenna operates at 1.76/5.71 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 8.6%/11.5% in the L/ C-band operating states, respectively. The measured realized gain and radiation efficiency are 0.1/4.2 dBi and 66.6%/80.7%, respectively. The antenna element spacing at 5.71 GHz is 0.36λ0, which enables beamsteering without grating lobes. This shared-aperture antenna is scalable to a larger array with element spacing of less than half-wavelength in both frequency bands.
Towards Contactless Patient Positioning (2020)

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, putting medical professionals at a high risk of getting infected themselves due to a global shortage of personal protective equipment. This has in-turn led to understaffed hospitals unable to handle new patient influx. To help alleviate these problems, we design and develop a contactless patient positioning system that can enable scanning patients in a completely remote and contactless fashion. Our key design objective is to reduce the physical contact time with a patient as much as possible, which we achieve with our contactless workflow. Our system comprises automated calibration, positioning, and multi-view synthesis components that enable patient scan without physical proximity. Our calibration routine ensures system calibration at all times and can be executed without any manual intervention. Our patient positioning routine comprises a novel robust dynamic fusion (RDF) algorithm for accurate 3D patient body modeling. With its multi-modal inference capability, RDF can be trained once and used across different applications (without re-training) having various sensor choices, a key feature to enable system deployment at scale. Our multi-view synthesizer ensures multi-view positioning visualization for the technician to verify positioning accuracy prior to initiating the patient scan. We conduct extensive experiments with publicly available and proprietary datasets to demonstrate efficacy. Our system has already been used, and had a positive impact on, hospitals and technicians on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we expect to see its use increase substantially globally.
<scp>S</scp>top! border ahead: <scp>A</scp>utomatic detection of subthalamic exit during deep brain stimulation surgery (2016)

The results indicate that robust, accurate, and automatic real-time electrophysiological detection of the ventral STN border is feasible. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Tunable sources and quantum cascade lasers in the mid-IR (2002)

Summary form only given. High power, room temperature operation of a DFB quantum cascade (QC) laser emitting at /spl lambda//spl sim/5 /spl mu/m has recently been reported. This laser is based on a vertical transition and is optimized for high temperature operation by a design that reduces thermal backfilling and enhances injection efficiency-through a funnel injector and a so-called "three well" active region.
<title>Low cost of ownership KrF excimer laser using a novel pulse power and chamber configuration</title> (1995)

A KrF excimer laser using an all solid state Pulse Power Modulator (PPM) has been studied. This PPM configuration replaces the commonly used thyratron switch with a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) switch combined with a pulse compression-voltage multiplication circuit. Use of this PPM has extended the useful chamber life of a line-narrowed KrF excimer laser from 1.5 billion to 2.5 billion pulses. Broadband KrF laser performance, optimized for mirror based scanner systems, has also been investigated. A minimum broadband chamber life of 5 billion pulses has been demonstrated with this solid state PPM. While a thyratron-based PPM exhibits an expected lifetime of 3 billion pulses, the solid state PPM used in these experiments has been operated for greater than 6 billion pulses without any decrease in performance. Since 72% of the replacement parts cost for the ELS-4000D line-narrowed excimer laser is due to periodic chamber and PPM replacement, significant cost of ownership reduction is realized by extending the lifetime of the chamber and the PPM.
Developmental simultations with cellerator (2001)

describe how to perform developmental simulations with Cellerator. Biochemical reactions, specified in Cellerator with a compact, arrow-based notation, are automatically translated into the appropriate ordinary differential equations. These reactions can be combined into modules, leading to a natural graph-based hierarchical implementation. We demonstrate how the paradigm of organisms-as-graphs can represent the basic features of developing tissue, and propose a variable-structure graph-based algorithm to describe simple developmental processes. In particular, we show how such a variable-structure system (VSS) can be implemented using a pre-packaged fixed- structure differential equation solver. 1. INTRODUCTION Cellerator is a Mathematica package designed to facilitate biological modeling via automated equation generation (10). The implementation is based on the concept of a hierarchy of canonical forms that describe biological processes at various levels of detail. At each level of hierarchy two classes of canonical forms can be identified: the input canonical form, (ICF) that is used to supply information to the program, and the output canonical form (OCF) that is produced by the simulator.
RObust Header Compression (ROHC): ROHC over Channels That Can Reorder Packets (2006)

RObust Header Compression (ROHC), RFC 3095, defines a framework for
header compression, along with a number of compression protocols
(profiles). One operating assumption for the profiles defined in RFC
3095 is that the channel between compressor and decompressor is
required to maintain packet ordering. This document discusses aspects
of using ROHC over channels that can reorder packets. It provides
guidelines on how to implement existing profiles over such channels,
as well as suggestions for the design of new profiles. This memo
provides information for the Internet community.
Antiviral efficacy, intracellular uptake and pharmacokinetics of free and liposome-encapsulated 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (1994)

The encapsulation of ddl in liposomes modified the tissue distribution and plasma pharmacokinetics of the antiviral agent resulting in a marked improvement of drug biodisponibility. The antiviral efficacy of liposomal ddl was lower than that of free drug in HIVIIIB-infected U937 cells.
Selective Delivery of Adiramycin to a Solid Tumor Using a Polymeric Micelle Carrier System (1999)

The anticancer drug, adriamycin (ADR), was incorporated by physical entrapment into polymeric micelles for selective delivery to a murine solid tumor colon adenocarcinoma 26 (C 26). In vivo antitumor activity of ADR was greatly enhanced by this incorporation into polymeric micelles. Using one polymeric micelle delivery system, the tumor completely disappeared at two doses, while free ADR exhibited a fair inhibition effect on tumor growth only at the maximum tolerated dose. Biodistribution analysis revealed that the physically entrapped micellar ADR accumulated at tumor sites in a highly selective manner. These results indicate that these polymeric micelles are a promising system for delivering hydrophobic anticancer drugs selectively to solid tumor sites using a passive targeting mechanism.
A new portable micro gas chromatograph for environmental analysis (1995)

The introduction of the microchip based gas chromatograph (microGC) promised a revolution in chromatographic analysis in the field. The principle weakness of the commercial microGC has been, first and foremost, relatively high detection limits of 1 ppm (volume) in air. Sample preconcentrators that addressed the shortcomings of the microGC have been available from Louisiana State University for several years and, more recently, from the manufacturer of the microGC as well; but they were large and required constant attention from an operator. A greatly improved front end for the microGC, and possibly other instruments has recently been developed at LSU. A further limitation of the commercial microGC, and of portable GCs in general, has been a limited capability for performing semivolatile analyses without sacrificing portability. The instrument development group at LSU has developed preliminary versions of a similarly fast GC capable of analyzing semivolatile compounds in less than 5 minutes.
CONTROL OF PROSTHETIC ARM ROTATION BY SENSING ROTATION OF RESIDUAL ARM BONE (2008)

Arm rotation is very useful for unilateral amputees and essential for bilateral amputees to\nperform tasks of daily living. We propose a new approach for improving the control of prosthetic\narm rotation in amputees. This new approach involves inserting a small permanent magnet into\nthe distal end of the residual bone of subjects with upper limb amputations. When a subject\nrotates the residual arm, the magnet will rotate with the residual bone, causing a change in\nmagnetic field distribution. This field change can be detected by magnetic sensors in the\nprosthetic socket, from which information on the residual bone rotation is derived and used as an\ninput signal to control a powered prosthetic rotator. Proprioception remains intact for residual\nlimb skeletal structures, thus this control approach should be natural and easy to use. Studies\nhave been conducted in both simulation and physical experimental models to assess the\nfeasibility and performance of sensing the voluntary rotation of the residual bone with an\nimplanted magnet. The results from the studies are encouraging, suggesting potential clinical\napplications to improve the control of powered prostheses with preservation of physiological\nproprioceptive feedback.
A novel monochromator for high heat load synchrotron x-ray radiation (1992)

The high heat load associated with the powerful and concentrated x-ray beams generated by insertion devices (IDs) at a number of present and many of the future (planned or under construction) synchrotron radiation facilities poses a formidable engineering challenge for the design of monochromators and other optical devices. Successful utilization of the intense x-ray beams from insertion devices depends critically on the development, design, and availability of optical elements that provide acceptable performance under high heat load. Present monochromators can handle, at best, heat load levels that are an order of magnitude lower than those generated by these IDs. The monochromator described here, and referred to as the ‘‘inclined’’ monochromator, can provide a solution to the high heat load problem. The inclined monochromator is different in a number of aspects from other conventional monochromator designs. Its primary differentiating characteristic is in the orientation of the diffracting planes. In this geometry, the crystal surface normal and the normal to the diffracting crystal planes make an angle close to 90°. This leads to a number of interesting effects including spreading of the beam over a very large area (effectively reducing the incident heat flux), and also rendering a much smaller effective slope error. Thus, a substantial enhancement in the performance of the monochromator is realized. The preliminary results of a comparative numerical simulation of the performance of the inclined monochromator under the 5-kW power undulator A beam at the Advanced Photon Source are encouraging and provide a quantitative estimate of the expected enhancement.
Subhuman Primate Diploid Cells: Possible Substrates for Production of Virus Vaccines (1971)

Results of a program for development of new cell lines suggest that it it possible to establish cell lines from both rhesus and African green monkeys which are comparable to diploid lines of human origin, and that these monkey lines should be candidates for use in the production of virus vaccines.