gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Detection of Collagenous Proteins by Fluorescently Labeled Collagen Mimetic Peptides (2012)

Although fibrous collagens are major structural components of extracellular matrix in mammals, collagen overproduction is associated with many human diseases including cancers and fibrosis. Collagen is typically identified in biomedical research by Western blot and immunohistochemistry; however, anticollagen antibodies employed in these analyses are difficult to prepare and their affinities to collagen can diminish if collagen becomes denatured during analyses. Previously, we discovered that single-stranded collagen mimetic peptides [CMPs, sequence: (GlyProHyp)(9)] can bind to denatured collagen chains by triple helix hybridization. Here, we present collagen-specific staining methods using simple CMPs conjugated to common fluorophores (e.g., carboxyfluorescein), which allow direct detection of collagens and collagen-like proteins in SDS-PAGE and in various mammalian tissue sections. By directly staining SDS-PAGE gels with fluorescently labeled CMPs, both intact (type I, II, and IV) and MMP-1 cleaved collagen (type I) chains as well as complement factor C1q were detected. Collagen bands containing as little as 5 ng were optically visualized, while no staining was observed for fibronectin, laminin, and a collection of proteins from mammalian cell lysate. The CMP was unable to stain collagen-like bacterial protein, which contains numerous charged amino acids that are believed to stabilize triple helix in place of Hyp. We also show that fluorescently labeled CMPs can specifically visualize collagens in fixed tissue sections (e.g., skin, cornea, and bone) more effectively than anticollagen I antibody, and allow facile identification of pathologic conditions in fibrotic liver tissues.
Low-power stimulated emission nuclear quadrupole resonance detection system utilizing Rabi transitions (2013)

The application of CW radar techniques to Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) detection of nitrogen based explosives and chlorine based narcotics enables the use of low power levels, in the range of 10’s of watts, to yield high signal strengths. By utilizing Rabi transitions the nucleus oscillates between states one and two under the time dependent incident electromagnetic field and alternately absorbs energy from the incident field while emitting coherent energy via stimulated emission. Through the application of a cancellation algorithm the incident field is eliminated from the NQR response, allowing the receive signal to be measured while transmitting. The response signal is processed using matched filters of the NQR response which enables the direct detection of explosives. This technology has applicability to the direct detection of explosives and narcotics for security screening, all at safe low power levels, opposed to the current XRay and Millimeter wave screening systems that detect objects that may contain explosives and utilize high power. The quantum mechanics theoretical basis for the approach and an application for a system for security screening are described with empirical results presented to show the effects observed.
A Janus Chelator Enables Biochemically Responsive MRI Contrast with Exceptional Dynamic Range (2016)

We introduce a new biochemically responsive Mn-based MRI contrast agent that provides a 9-fold change in relaxivity via switching between the Mn<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation states. Interchange between oxidation states is promoted by a "Janus" ligand that isomerizes between binding modes that favor Mn<sup>3+</sup> or Mn<sup>2+</sup>. It is the only ligand that supports stable complexes of Mn<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> in biological milieu. Rapid interconversion between oxidation states is mediated by peroxidase activity (oxidation) and l-cysteine (reduction). This Janus system provides a new paradigm for the design of biochemically responsive MRI contrast agents.
Comparator-Based Switched-Capacitor Circuits for Scaled CMOS Technologies (2006)

A comparator-based switched-capacitor circuit (CBSC) technique is presented for the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits in scaled CMOS technologies. The technique involves replacing the operational amplifier in a standard switched-capacitor circuit with a comparator and a current source. During charge transfer, the comparator detects the virtual ground condition in place of the opamp which normally forces the virtual ground condition. A prototype 1.5-bit/stage 10-bit 7.9-MS/s pipeline ADC was designed using the comparator-based switched-capacitor technique. The prototype ADC was implemented in 0.18-mum CMOS. It achieves an ENOB of 8.6 bits for a 3.8-MHz input signal and dissipates 2.5 mW
Causality-Driven Performance Monitoring and Scaling Automation for Managed Solutions (2015)

A key feature of Cloud computing is its agility and flexibility to support the scalability needs of business solutions. Currently, the agility is only limited to the scalability of the compute, memory and storage. To improve an application's agility, we need to monitor & measure solution level metrics and associate the performance of the metrics to the business agility needs of the solution by making real-time scalability or change decisions. In this paper, we illustrate a scaling decision mechanism utilizing the monitoring data from infrastructure, middleware, and business level metrics. We use these performance metrics as input to a causality analysis model to make architecture changes or scalability decisions. Mathematically, we define the causality as a graph to link the changes in the measured metric values to the action of the solution change. The causality analysis follows scalability principles as best practices. They are a) the principle of performance scalability b) principle of contribution margin for scalability, and c) principle of the least cost of SLA compliance. We define these scalability principles as the rules to ensure that the business stakeholder of the solution can maintain or improve their business quality or profit margins as the computing capability scales up or down. To implement those principles, we need to establish the linkages of the business metrics to the decision of changes. To make such linkage, we first utilize causality analysis to identify feasible scaling actions, and then associate those actions with the system, application, and business performance metrics. With the help of causality analysis, we implement a performance monitoring and scaling automation framework for managed solutions using an Open Source Monitoring system.
Mixed-initiative photo collage authoring (2008)

Creating an artifact that captures the story or memory from a large photo collection is a difficult task, because the tools available are either too difficult to learn, or oversimplified to the point that they lack flexibility. Individual techniques have been developed to automate parts of the selection-editing-composition cycle, but relatively little has been done to strike the right overall balance between the fully automatic and the fully manual. In this paper, we present miCollage, which attempts to piece together individual technologies to create a compelling collage authoring experience. The system consists of three main components. In the selection component, the system can make proactive suggestions about which photos to add to the collage as well as help the user to find similar or related photos. In the editing component, the system applies automatic cropping and enhancement to the images. In the layout component, the system suggests alternative layouts but is still able to accommodate manual changes, while satisfying various spatial constraints. The user interface connects the components seamlessly, allowing a best of both worlds between fully manual and fully automatic collage authoring.
Total Synthesis of Epothilone B, Epothilone D, and<i>cis</i>- and<i>trans</i>-9,10-Dehydroepothilone D (2001)

The phosphonium salt 35, representing one of the two principal subunits of the epothilones, was prepared from propargyl alcohol via heptenone 22. A Wittig reaction of the phosphorane from 35 with aldehyde 33, obtained from aldol condensation of ketone 27 with aldehyde 28, afforded 37. Seco acid 42 derived from 37 underwent lactonization to give cis-9,10-dehydroepothilone D (43) which was selectively reduced with diimide to yield epothilone D (4) and, after epoxidation, epothilone B (2). An alternative route to epothilone D employed alkyne 39, obtained from 33, in a Castro-Stephens reaction with allylic bromide 34 to furnish enyne 40. The latter was semi-hydrogenated to provide 37. Alkyne 46, prepared from alcohol 45, was converted to trans-vinylstannane 47 which, in a Stille coupling with allylic chloride 50, gave 51. Seco acid 52 derived from 51 underwent lactonization to give trans-9,10-dehydroepothilone D (54). Bioassay data comparing the antiproliferative activity and tubulin polymerization of 43 and 54 with epothilone B (2), epothilone D (4), and paclitaxel (7) showed that the synthetic analogues were less potent than their natural counterparts, although both retain full antiproliferative activity against a paclitaxel-resistant cell line. No significant difference in potency was noted between cis analogue 43 and its trans isomer 54.
GammaPod—A new device dedicated for stereotactic radiotherapy of breast cancer (2013)

An image-guided breast stereotactic radiotherapy device, named GammaPod, has been developed to deliver highly focused and localized doses to a target in the breast under stereotactic image guidance. It is envisioned that the GammaPod technology has the potential to significantly shorten radiation treatments and even eliminate surgery by ablating the tumor and sterilizing the tumor bed simultaneously.
A New Real-Time Non-Coherent to Coherent Light Image Converter The Hybrid Field Effect Liquid Crystal Light Valve (1975)

A new, high-performance device has been developed for application to real-time coherent optical data processing. The new device embodies a CdS photoconductor, a CdTe light-absorbing layer, a dielectric mirror, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between indiumtin-oxide transparent electrodes deposited on optical quality glass flats. The non-coherent image is directed onto the photoconductor; this reduces the impedance of the photoconductor, thereby switching the ac vol-tage that is impressed across the electrodes onto the liquid crystal to activate the device. The liquid crystal is operated in a hybrid field effect mode. It utilizes the twisted nematic effect to create a dark off-state (voltage off the liquid crystal) and the optical birefringence effect to create the bright on-state. The liquid crystal modulates the polarization of the coherent read-out light so an analyzer must be used to create an intensity modulated output beam. Performance figures for the device include: Resolution 100 lines/mm; Input Sensitivity 160 iW/cm2 at 525 nm; Time Response on: 10. msec; off: 15 msec; Contrast >100 : 1 ; Aperture 1 inch by 1 inch.
In Vitro Prebiotic and Anti-Colon Cancer Activities of Agar-Derived Sugars from Red Seaweeds (2021)

Numerous health benefits of diets containing red seaweeds or agar-derived sugar mixtures produced by enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of agar have been reported. However, among various agar-derived sugars, the key components that confer health-beneficial effects, such as prebiotic and anti-colon cancer activities, remain unclear. Here, we prepared various agar-derived sugars by multiple enzymatic reactions using an endo-type and an exo-type of β-agarase and a neoagarobiose hydrolase and tested their in vitro prebiotic and anti-colon cancer activities. Among various agar-derived sugars, agarotriose exhibited prebiotic activity that was verified based on the fermentability of agarotriose by probiotic bifidobacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrated the anti-colon cancer activity of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose, which significantly inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cells and induced their apoptosis. Our results provide crucial information regarding the key compounds derived from red seaweeds that confer beneficial health effects, including prebiotic and anti-colon cancer activities, to the host.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIHYPERTENSIVES. N‐1H‐PYRROL‐1‐YL‐3‐PYRIDAZINAMINES (1985)

Abstract Dargestellt werden die Pyrrolylderivate (I), von denen die meisten antihypertensiv wirksam sind.
Characterization of the ultrashort‐TE (UTE) MR collagen signal (2015)

Although current cardiovascular MR (CMR) techniques for the detection of myocardial fibrosis have shown promise, they nevertheless depend on gadolinium-based contrast agents and are not specific to collagen. In particular, the diagnosis of diffuse myocardial fibrosis, a precursor of heart failure, would benefit from a non-invasive imaging technique that can detect collagen directly. Such a method could potentially replace the need for endomyocardial biopsy, the gold standard for the diagnosis of the disease. The objective of this study was to measure the MR properties of collagen using ultrashort TE (UTE), a technique that can detect short T2* species. Experiments were performed in collagen solutions. Via a model of bi-exponential T2* with oscillation, a linear relationship (slope = 0.40 ± 0.01, R(2) = 0.99696) was determined between the UTE collagen signal fraction associated with these properties and the measured collagen concentration in solution. The UTE signal of protons in the collagen molecule was characterized as having a mean T2* of 0.75 ± 0.05 ms and a mean chemical shift of -3.56 ± 0.01 ppm relative to water at 7 T. The results indicated that collagen can be detected and quantified using UTE. A knowledge of the collagen signal properties could potentially be beneficial for the endogenous detection of myocardial fibrosis.
Photochemical system and its use (1981)

Patent number: 80-3031414-3031414 Reference LPI-PATENT-1981-003Search for this record at the European Patent Office Record created on 2006-02-21, modified on 2017-05-12
Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst development (1994)

Based on the information provided in patents assigned to Gulf, Shell, Exxon, and Statoil, a series of catalysts has been prepared consisting of 12-20 wt% cobalt, a second metal promoter (Ru or Re), and an oxide promoter such as lanthana, zirconia, or alkali oxide, the support being alumina, silica, or titania. All catalysts have been extensively characterized by different methods. The catalysts have been evaluated in terms of their activity, selectivity both in a fixed bed reactor and in a slurry bubble column reactor, and the results correlated with their physico-chemical properties.
One meter to find them all: water network leak localization using a single flow meter (2014)

Leak localization is a major issue faced by water utilities worldwide. Leaks are ideally detected and localized by a network-wide metering infrastructure. However, in many utilities, in-network metering is minimally present at just the inlets of sub-networks called District Metering Area (DMA). We consider the problem of leak localization using data from a single flow meter placed at the inlet of a DMA. We use standard time-series based modeling to detect if a current meter reading is a leak or not, and if so, to estimate the excess flow. Conventional approaches use an a-priori fully calibrated hydraulic model to map the excess flow back to a set of candidate leak locations. However, obtaining an accurate hydraulic model is expensive and hence, beyond the reach of many water utilities.We present an alternate approach that exploits the network structure and static properties in a novel way. Specifically, we extend the use of centrality metrics to infrastructure domains and use these metrics to map from the excess leak flow to the candidate leak location(s). We evaluate our approach on benchmark water utility network topologies as well as on real data obtained from an European water utility. On benchmark topologies, the localization obtained by our method is comparable to that obtained from a complete hydraulic model. On a real-world network, we were able to localize two out of the three leaks whose data we had access to. Of these two cases, we find that the actual leak location was in the candidate set identified by our approach; further, the approach pruned as much as 78% of the DMA locations, indicating a high degree of localization.
Skin model surface temperatures during single and multiple cryogen spurts used in laser dermatologic surgery (2005)

These results suggest that: (1) similar epidermal protection may be attained with SCS and MCS for Deltat(total) </= 110 milliseconds; and (2) for 110 milliseconds < Deltat(total) </= 280 milliseconds, MCS help to maintain Deltat(s) similar to that of SCS at Deltat(total) = 100 milliseconds, which may be beneficial to prevent cryo-injury.
Effect of Alloying Elements on the Oxidation Resistance of 4th Generation Ni-base Single-crystal Superalloys (2005)

The 4th generation Ni-base single crystal superalloys, which contain large amounts of refractory metals for strengthening and platinum group metals, e.g., Ru, for TCP-phase prevention, show excellent high-temperature strengths. However, these alloying elements seem to decrease high-temperature oxidation resistance, and the improvement of high-temperature oxidation resistance is one of the important issues for practical use of these superalloys. In this study, Ni-base superalloys with various amounts of Hf, Ta, Re and Ru were examined in isothermal and cyclic exposures at 1100°C to investigate the effect on the oxide growth rate and resistance to scale spallation. Structures of the oxide for the alloys were analyzed by XRD and SEM, and it is clarified that the existence of Hf and Ta contributes to the improvement of adhesiveness between the oxide and the matrix.
Magnetostrictive linear motor development (1998)

We are currently designing a high force linear motor that utilizes the inchworm principle coupled with multi-phase actuation. The efficient design of a 17 kN force linear motor that utilizes the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D requires a transient electromechanical model to determine the operating parameters. The model is described and results indicated. It is found that control of the frequency and current inputs are all that is necessary to control the speed and power handling ability of the motor. Resonant operation is discussed along with increased efficiency power actuation schemes.
Chemical Vapor Deposition on Chabazite (CHA) Zeolite Membranes for Effective Post-Combustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2014)

Chabazite (CHA) zeolites with a pore size of 0.37 × 0.42 nm2 are expected to separate CO2 (0.33 nm) from larger N2 (0.364 nm) in postcombustion flue gases by recognizing their minute size differences. Furthermore, the hydrophobic siliceous constituent in CHA membranes can allow for maintaining the CO2/N2 separation performance in the presence of H2O in contrast with the CO2 affinity-based membranes. In an attempt to increase the molecular sieving ability, the pore mouth size of all silica CHA (Si-CHA) particles was reduced via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a silica precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate). Accordingly, an increase of the CVD treatment duration decreased the penetration rate of CO2 into the CVD-treated Si-CHA particles. Furthermore, the CVD process was applied to siliceous CHA membranes in order to improve their CO2/N2 separation performance. Compared to the intact CHA membranes, the CO2/N2 maximum separation factor (max SF) for CVD-treated CHA membranes was increased by ∼2 fold under dry conditions. More desirably, the CO2/N2 max SF was increased by ∼3 fold under wet conditions at ∼50 °C, a representative temperature of the flue gas stream. In fact, the presence of H2O in the feed disfavored the permeation of N2 more than that of CO2 through CVD-modified CHA membranes and thus, contributed to the increased CO2/N2 separation factor.
LeGO: A Learning-Guided Obfuscation Framework for Hardware IP Protection (2021)

The security of hardware intellectual properties (IPs) has become a significant concern, as the opportunity for piracy, reverse engineering, and malicious modification is increasing. Hardware obfuscation has been studied as a potent method to protect against all these attack vectors. However, most of the existing obfuscation techniques have been successfully compromised, where many inherent functional or structural vulnerabilities in these techniques are utilized to reveal the obfuscation key or retrieve the original design. In this article, we introduce LeGO, a learning-guided obfuscation framework that overcomes known vulnerabilities in a scalable and systematic manner, leading to a robust and lightweight locking mechanism. The proposed framework is guided by our security evaluation process that performs a thorough assessment of an obfuscated IP against various attacks and identifies the vulnerabilities. It then judiciously selects and applies a set of design modification steps or rules that can eliminate these vulnerabilities. Such a rule-based obfuscation process has the distinctive capability to address all existing as well as emerging attacks through the learning of appropriate design transformation steps that prevent these attacks. We present an efficient strategy to apply these rules on a design, while resolving any conflict. Our evaluation of the LeGO framework on a set of ISCAS85 and open-source IP benchmarks has shown promising results in terms of robustness against diverse attacks with an average of area, power, and delay overhead of 39%, 45%, and 15%, respectively.
Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis (2000)

A number of markers show promise as sensitive measures of disease and the effectiveness of therapy. At this time, host-derived enzymes and other inflammatory mediators orginating from the gingival crevice appear to hold the greatest promise as salivary diagnostic tests for periodontal disease. Longer-term longitudinal studies, however, are required to establish the relationship between specific markers and progression of periodontal disease. Furthermore, analysis of saliva may offer a cost-effective approach to assessment of periodontal disease in large populations.
The anti-atherogenic potential of serum amyloid A peptides. (2008)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) inhibits acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase and enhances cholesterol esterase activities, shifting stored esterified cholesterol to free cholesterol (the exportable form). The SAA domains responsible for these enzyme-modifying properties have been identified. These peptides are sufficiently small to be synthetically prepared to GMP quality and used in vivo to alter the progression of aortic lipid lesions in models of atherogenesis, suggesting that they may be clinically useful. The residues critical for peptide function are the foundation for corresponding small-molecule development. In association with SAA studies, a novel macrophage in vivo assay is described that monitors macrophage cholesterol efflux, as well as its utility in the study of anti-atherogenic compounds, and its adaptation for clinical use. A brief history of the role of SAA in amyloid A amyloidosis and its potential role in atherogenesis is included, along with a description of the function of SAA in mobilizing macrophage cholesterol for export.
Ring oscillator based technique for measuring variability statistics (2006)

Device parameter induced frequency variations in a dense array of nominally identical ring oscillators are measured by sequentially combining the output frequencies into a single frequency modulated signal with the statistical frequency parameters read out by a standard frequency counter. For the example described here, the ring oscillators are designed to capture random variations in MOSFET threshold voltages.