gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frame loss error concealment for multiview video coding (2008)

The Multiview Video Coding (MVC) standard is currently under development by the Joint Video Team as an extension of the Advanced Video Coding (H.264/AVC) standard. An MVC encoder compresses more than one viewpoint of a scene captured by different cameras. Redundancies between views can be used for inter-view prediction in encoding as well as error concealment in decoding. In this paper, a new algorithm utilizing motion information of pictures from other views to conceal a lost picture is proposed. The algorithm first derives motion information for a lost picture based on motion fields of pictures in adjacent views. Then, traditional motion compensation is invoked within the view containing the lost picture to derive a concealed frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve video quality with a negligible computational complexity overhead compared to simple temporal error concealment algorithms.
Leaf sequencing algorithms for segmented multileaf collimation (2003)

The delivery of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a multileaf collimator (MLC) requires the conversion of a radiation fluence map into a leaf sequence file that controls the movement of the MLC during radiation delivery. It is imperative that the fluence map delivered using the leaf sequence file is as close as possible to the fluence map generated by the dose optimization algorithm, while satisfying hardware constraints of the delivery system. Optimization of the leaf sequencing algorithm has been the subject of several recent investigations. In this work, we present a systematic study of the optimization of leaf sequencing algorithms for segmental multileaf collimator beam delivery and provide rigorous mathematical proofs of optimized leaf sequence settings in terms of monitor unit (MU) efficiency under most common leaf movement constraints that include minimum leaf separation constraint and leaf interdigitation constraint. Our analytical analysis shows that leaf sequencing based on unidirectional movement of the MLC leaves is as MU efficient as bidirectional movement of the MLC leaves.
User-Adaptable Comfort Control for HVAC Systems (1992)

This paper describes a new approach to the control of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning(HVAC) system. In the conventional method for controlling HVAC systems, the occupant adjusts the reference input whenever the condition are uncomfortable. The reference input must be periodically adjusted because the controlled variable does not accurately reflect the comfort of the specific occupant. The fundamental concept of the approach described in this paper is that the controller learns to predict the actual thermal sensation of the specific use by tuning parameters of a model of thermal sensation. The parameters are adjusted with respect to the actual thermal sensation ratings of the specific occupant so that with time the model accurately reflects the comfort of the specific occupant. The stability of the controller is maintained by utilizing a priori information about the parameters of the model of thermal sensation. The method is implemented on a residential heat pump air conditioner. Experiments using human subjects verify the usefulness and feasibility of the method.
High temperature strength of SiC whisker-reinforced silicon nitride composites (1990)

The addition of SiC whiskers to Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}-based matrices results in improved flexural strength and fracture toughness at room temperature; however, at temperatures >1000{degree}C, the strength can be lower than that of the monolithic material. This effect is a function of the impurity content introduced by the whiskers and the affect of such impurities on the composition of the intergranular glass phase. Other factors affecting the high-temperature strength are whisker type and content. 5 refs., 3 figs.
Electro-Optic Characteristic of Fringe-Field Switching Mode Depending on Rubbing Direction (2000)

A recently developed new liquid crystal display, which operates in the fringe-field switching mode, is known to exhibit high transmittance as well as a wide viewing angle unlike the conventional in-plane switching (IPS) mode display. The device shows unique electro-optic behavior, nevertheless the liquid crystal director rotates almost in-plane as in the IPS mode. We found that light efficiency decreases as the rubbing angle with respect to the horizontal component of the fringe field decreases for a liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy, whereas this is not observed for a device driven by the in-plane field. In this paper, the switching mechanism and voltage-dependent transmittance characteristics with respect to rubbing directions have been investigated.
Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM): A multidisciplinary optical microscope design for large field of view and high resolution imaging (2005)

From micro-assembly to biological observation, the optical microscope remains one of the most important tools for observing below the threshold of the naked human eye. However, in its conventional form, it suffers from a trade-off between resolution and field of view. This paper presents a new optical microscope design that combines a high speed steering mirror, a custom designed scanner lens, a MEMS deformable mirror, and additional imaging optics to enlarge the field of view while preserving resolving power and operating at a high image acquisition rate. We describe the theory of operation and our design methodology, present a preliminary simulated design, and compare to existing technologies. A reduced functionality experimental prototype demonstrates both micro-assembly and biological observation tasks.
Novel Nanoparticle-Based Drilling Fluid with Improved Characteristics (2012)

Abstract The success of drilling operations is heavily dependent on the drilling fluid. Drilling fluids cool down and lubricate the drill bit, remove cuttings, prevent formation damage, suspend cuttings and also cake off the permeable formation, thus retarding the passage of fluid into the formation. Typical micro or macro sized loss circulation materials (LCM) show limited success, especially in formations dominated by micropores, due to their relatively large sizes. In the current work, a new class of nanoparticle (NP) loss circulation materials has been developed. Two different approaches of NP formation and addition to oil-based drilling fluid have been tested. All NPs were prepared in-house either within the oil-based drilling fluid (in-situ), or within an aqueous phase (ex-situ), which was eventually blended with the drilling fluid. Under low pressure low temperature API standard test, more than 70% reduction in fluid loss was achieved in the presence of NPs compared to only 9% reduction in the presence of typical LCMs. The filter cake developed during the NP-based drilling fluid filtration was thin, which implies high potential for reducing the differential pressure sticking problem and formation damage while drilling. Moreover, at the level of NPs added, there was no material impact on drilling fluid viscosity and the fluid maintained its stability for more than 6 weeks.
Additions and Corrections - Stereoselective Total Synthesis of 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Stereoselective Total Synthesis of 1α,25-DihydroxycholecalciferolEnrico Baggiolini, Jerome Iacobelli, Bernard Hennessy, and Milan UskokovicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6887Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 April 2004Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a603https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a603research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Maximum effective distance of on-chip decoupling capacitors in power distribution grids (2006)

Decoupling capacitors are widely used to reduce power supply noise. On-chip decoupling capacitors have traditionally been allocated into the available white space on a die. The efficacy of on-chip decoupling capacitors depends upon the impedance of the power/ground lines connecting the capacitors to the current loads and power supplies. A maximum effective radius exists for each on-chip decoupling capacitor. Beyond this effective distance, a decoupling capacitor is completely ineffective. Two effective radii determined by the target impedance (during discharge) and charge time are presented in this paper. Depending upon the parasitic impedance of the power distribution system, the maximum voltage drop as seen at the current load is achieved either at the first droop or at the end of the switching activity (the second droop). Two criteria to estimate the minimum required on-chip decoupling capacitance are developed based on the critical parasitic impedance. To be effective, the decoupling capacitor has to be fully charged before the next switching event. A design space is described that characterizes the tolerable parasitic resistances and inductances, while restoring the charge on the decoupling capacitor within a target charge time. An overall design methodology for placing on-chip decoupling capacitors is presented in this paper. It is shown that for an on-chip decoupling capacitor to be effective, both effective radii criteria should be simultaneously satisfied.
Development of Oseltamivir Phosphonate Congeners as Anti-influenza Agents (2012)

Oseltamivir phosphonic acid (tamiphosphor, 3a), its monoethyl ester (3c), guanidino-tamiphosphor (4a), and its monoethyl ester (4c) are potent inhibitors of influenza neuraminidases. They inhibit the replication of influenza viruses, including the oseltamivir-resistant H275Y strain, at low nanomolar to picomolar levels, and significantly protect mice from infection with lethal doses of influenza viruses when orally administered with 1 mg/kg or higher doses. These compounds are stable in simulated gastric fluid, liver microsomes, and human blood and are largely free from binding to plasma proteins. Pharmacokinetic properties of these inhibitors are thoroughly studied in dogs, rats, and mice. The absolute oral bioavailability of these compounds was lower than 12%. No conversion of monoester 4c to phosphonic acid 4a was observed in rats after intravenous administration, but partial conversion of 4c was observed with oral administration. Advanced formulation may be investigated to develop these new anti-influenza agents for better therapeutic use.
A New Blind SLM Scheme with Low Complexity of OFDM Signals (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new blind SLM scheme with low complexity using m-sequence as a phase sequence in OFDM. The proposed scheme significantly reduces the computational complexity for searching the side information of the phase sequence and decoding the alternative symbol sequence at the receiver. After generating alternative symbol sequences using a set of phase sequences, the side information for each alternative symbol sequence is embedded in it through block partitioning and phase rotation. The proposed method does not need additional inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and has the same PAPR reduction performance compared to the conventional SLM scheme. In order to find the side information, a maximum likelihood (ML) decoder with lower complexity is derived, which guarantees lower detection failure probability of side information compared to the conventional blind SLM scheme.
Tunable mid-infrared (63–12 μm)optical vortex pulse generation (2014)

We demonstrated widely tunable mid-infrared (6.3-12 μm) optical vortex pulse generation from a ZGP difference frequency generator pumped by a 2 μm optical vortex laser with a cascaded KTP geometry. The mid-infrared vortex output carried the same topological charge as that of the 1 μm pump output without any destruction. A pulse energy of >135 μJ was obtained in the wavelength region of 6.3-7.0 μm.
An Algorithm for Computing Voronoi Diagrams of General Generators in General Normed Spaces (2009)

Voronoi diagrams appear in many areas in science and technology and have diverse applications. Roughly speaking, they are a certain decomposition of a given space into cells, induced by a distance function and by a tuple of subsets called the generators or the sites. Voronoi diagrams have been the subject of extensive research during the last 35 years, and many algorithms for computing them have been published. However, these algorithms are for specific cases. They impose restrictions on either the space (often R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), the generators (distinct points, special shapes), the distance function (Euclidean or variations thereof) and more. Moreover, their implementation is not always simple and their success is not always guaranteed. We present an efficient and simple algorithm for computing Voronoi diagrams in general normed spaces, possibly infinite dimensional. We allow infinitely many generators of a general form. The algorithm computes each of the Voronoi cells independently of the others, and to any required precision. It can be generalized to other settings, such as manifolds, graphs and convex distance functions.
Demonstration of a Raman fiber distributed feedback laser (2011)

We demonstrate a fiber distributed feedback laser oscillator using Raman gain in a 124mm germanosilicate fiber grating at 1584nm. We measure a 6MHz signal linewidth, more than 1000x smaller than previous Raman fiber laser oscillators.
Nanoplasmonic biosensing platform for multiple pathogen detection (2013)

In this study, we present for the first time a reliable, fast, accurate and sensitive multiple pathogen detection platforms that can be adapted to the point-of-care (POC) in resource-constrained settings. Here, nanoplasmonic properties of metal nanoparticles are utilized to detect the captured viruses on the biosensing surface, and the platform also allows to report a quantitative viral load for HIV-infected anonymous discarded patient whole blood samples. The limit of detection covers the definition of treatment failure indicated by World Health Organization (WHO) (viral load (VL)>5,000 copies/mL) and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) (VL>200 copies/mL).
High-risk myeloma: a gene expression–based risk-stratification model for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma treated with high-dose therapy is predictive of outcome in relapsed disease treated with single-agent bortezomib or high-dose dexamethasone (2008)

To the editor:

We recently described a tumor gene expression model capable of identifying multiple myeloma (MM) patients at high risk for short survival after high-dose therapy (HDT) that is also independent of standard high-risk variables.[1][1] This model was also recently shown to be able to
Aligning words using matrix factorisation (2004)

Aligning words from sentences which are mutual translations is an important problem in different settings, such as bilingual terminology extraction, Machine Translation, or projection of linguistic features. Here, we view word alignment as matrix factorisation. In order to produce proper alignments, we show that factors must satisfy a number of constraints such as orthogonality. We then propose an algorithm for orthogonal non-negative matrix factorisation, based on a probabilistic model of the alignment data, and apply it to word alignment. This is illustrated on a French-English alignment task from the Hansard.
Protein Sensing with Engineered Protein Nanopores (2012)

The use of nanopores is a powerful new frontier in single-molecule sciences. Nanopores have been used effectively in exploring various biophysical features of small polypeptides and proteins, such as their folding state and structure, ligand interactions, and enzymatic activity. In particular, the α-hemolysin (αHL) protein pore has been used extensively for the detection, characterization, and analysis of polypeptides because this protein nanopore is highly robust, versatile, and tractable under various experimental conditions. Inspired by the mechanisms of protein translocation across the outer membrane translocases of mitochondria, we have shown the ability to use nanopore-probe techniques in controlling a single protein using engineered αHL pores. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the preparation of αHL protein nanopores. Moreover, we demonstrate that placing attractive electrostatic traps is instrumental in tackling single-molecule stochastic sensing of folded proteins.
Gas Turbine Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Nonlinear Feature Extraction Methods (2005)

Accurate gas turbine fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is essential to improving airline safety as well as in reducing airline costs associated with delays and cancellations. In this paper, we present FDD methods based on feature extraction methods using nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) and curvilinear component analysis (CCA). The underlying principle of both methods is to find the most representative feature space corresponding to gas turbine normal and faulty operations. During operation, new sensor data is located in this feature space and then it is determined whether a particular fault is indicated. NLPCA is an extension of linear PCA methods to the nonlinear domain; therefore, it is intrinsically better suited to nonlinear domains such as the gas turbine engine. The CCA method is another approach to clustering having superior properties for determining cluster manifolds automatically compared to the popular selforganizing map (SOM) method of clustering. The developed methods are tested with snapshot data collected at takeoff, both normal and faulty, from a turbofan gas turbine propulsion engine and the results are presented.
Organic Dyes Containing Furan Moiety for High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

New metal-free dyes with a furan moiety in the conjugated spacer between the arylamine donor and the 2-cyanoacrylic acid acceptor have been synthesized, and high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using these molecules as light-harvesting sensitizers.
Virtual Ad hoc Network testbeds for high fidelity testing of tactical network applications (2009)

Testing of applications for tactical MANETs poses a special technical challenge due to the difficulty of conducting experiments in an ad hoc network environment at a scale larger than a few nodes. One approach is to conduct experiments in a testbed that can imitate a tactical MANET to the highest feasible level of fidelity. For applications, this is achieved by executing unmodified software under real operating systems and realistic hardware resources. For the network, it is achieved by using an emulated/simulated network that behaves like a real MANET in some/all layers of the protocol stack. In this paper, we describe the current state of virtual ad hoc network (VAN) testbed technologies for constructing testbeds that allow testing unmodified tactical applications over simulated MANETs, including network-aware applications. On the application side, we employ Xen-based virtualization to provide high fidelity of application execution environment, testbed resource scalability and manageability. On the network side, we employ user-provided simulation models and enable seamless integration of the hosts that run the software under test with virtual nodes in a simulated network. Our goal is to enable running experiments over large-scale (500-1000 nodes) MANETs using VAN testbeds.
Measurements of scattering and absorption changes in muscle and brain (1997)

Non-invasive techniques for the study of human brain function based on changes of the haemoglobin content or on changes of haemoglobin saturation have recently been proposed. Among the new methods, near-infrared transmission measurements may have significant advantages and complement well-established methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Near-infrared measurements can be very fast, comparable in speed to electrophysiological measurements, bur are better localized. We will present the demonstration of measurements of millisecond signals due to brain activity in humans following stimulation of the visual cortex. However, major unresolved questions remain about the origin of the signals observed. Optical measurements on exposed cortex in animals show that both the absorption and the scattering coefficient are affected by neural activity. Model calculations show that the signals we detected may originate from rapid changes of the scattering coefficient in a region about 1 to 2 cm below the scalp. We discuss our measurement protocol, which is based on a frequency-domain instrument, and the algorithm to separate the absorption from the scattering contribution in the overall response. Our method produces excellent separation between scattering and absorption in relatively homogeneous masses such as large muscles. The extrapolation of our measurement protocol to a complex structure such as the human head is critically evaluated.
Long Idle: Making Idle Networks Quiet for Platform Energy-Efficiency (2010)

Today's platforms offer ubiquitous network connectivity through one or more communication interfaces and while the communication devices consume a small portion of the overall platform power the impact of network connectivity and individual packet processing on the overall platform energy consumption is significant, due to the non-deterministic characteristics of network traffic. In this paper, we show that significant energy is unnecessarily wasted at the platform level while it is idle and connected to one or more networks, especially unlicensed networks like WiFi or Ethernet, because the system is constantly processing what we term “background/noise” traffic. These are management, control or broadcast packets arriving at a rate high enough that prevents the system from taking full advantage of the platform-level power management states. We quantify the negative impact of network connectivity on platform energy-efficiency and provide novel techniques to mitigate this impact. We implemented these mitigation techniques in our wireless network interface cards and our results indicate that when our scheme is used the total platform sleep time increases by up to 40% with no performance degradation and no user experience impact.
Potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (1998)

(1998). Potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. Emerging Therapeutic Targets: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 157-179.