gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ring-structured thermoelectric module (2007)

A novel tube-shape thermoelectric module is fabricated from four ring-shaped thermoelements and its performance in electrical power generation is evaluated by measuring the power output as a function of temperature differences across the device. A theoretical model of the proposed configuration is established and employed for data analysis. The result indicates that a tube-shape thermoelectric module could achieve similar performance to that of a conventional plate-like module, and has an advantage in applications when heat flows in a radial direction.
The Design of Polymeric Ionic Liquids for the Preparation of Functional Materials (2009)

The tunability of the chemical composition of ionic liquids (ILs), achieved by pairing various organic cations with numerous anions, allows for fine control of their physicochemical properties and has been widely used for the adjustment of the IL solvent characteristics. Exploitation of IL structural modularity coupled with chemical modification of the cation or anion to incorporate polymerizable groups is now an active area of research, resulting in the development of polymeric ionic liquids (poly(IL)s). The emergence of poly(IL)s as functional materials in the areas of polymer electrolytes, sorbents, dispersing agents, and nanomaterials is reviewed.
Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Requirements and Framework (2011)

This document provides framework and requirements for Layer 2 Virtual Private Network (L2VPN) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM). The OAM framework is intended to provide OAM layering across L2VPN services, pseudowires (PWs), and Packet Switched Network (PSN) tunnels. This document is intended to identify OAM requirements for L2VPN services, i.e., Virtual
A Potentiometric Flow Biosensor Based on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria for the Detection of Toxicity in Water (2013)

A flow biosensor for the detection of toxicity in water using the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosomonas europaea as a bioreceptor and a polymeric membrane ammonium-selective electrode as a transducer is described. The system is based on the inhibition effects of toxicants on the activity of AOB, which can be evaluated by measuring the ammonium consumption rates with the ammonium-selective membrane electrode. The AOB cells are immobilized on polyethersulfone membranes packed in a holder, while the membrane electrode is placed downstream in the flow cell. Two specific inhibitors of the ammonia oxidation‒allylthiourea and thioacetamide‒have been tested. The IC50 values defined as the concentration of an inhibitor causing a 50% reduction in the ammonia oxidation activity have been measured as 0.17 μM and 0.46 μM for allylthiourea and thioacetamide, respectively. The proposed sensor offers advantages of simplicity, speed and high sensitivity for measuring toxicity in water.
Structural and Dynamic Insights into S100B Protein Activity Inhibition by Melittin for the Treatment of Epilepsy (2013)

Epilepsy is a common chronic central nervous system disorder characterized by repeated malicious seizures. Current medications acceptable by medical practitioners till date mostly suppresses the seizures and has symptomatic relief, but no effect on epileptogenesis. In the present work, we have attempted to provide the scientific base to use the bee venom therapy (Apitherapy) which was practiced throughout ancient Egyptian, Greek and Chinese civilization to treat epilepsy. Our computational studies and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that interaction between S100B (calcium binding protein) and melittin (a venom peptide from bee), resulted in the structural distortion and inaccessibility of calcium binding domain of S100B protein, which is required to maintain ionic imbalance due to over expressed S100B in disease conditions.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of InGaO<sub>3</sub>(ZnO)<i><sub>m</sub></i> (<i>m</i> = 2 and 3)   (2009)

Abstract An optimized high temperature route in sealed platinum tubes was used for synthesis of pure powders of members of the homologues series InGaO 3 (ZnO) m . Single crystals of InGaO 3 (ZnO) 2 were grown from a K 2 MoO 4 flux. InGaO 3 (ZnO) 2 crystallises in the hexagonal crystal system ( P 6 3 /mmc ; No. 194), deduced from convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). Single crystal structure refinement from XRD data ( a = 3.2909(2) Å; c = 22.485(2) Å; Z = 2; 1603 data, R 1 = 0.0237) revealed a compound which consists of an alternate stacking of [InO {}^‐_6/3 ] {}^\infty_2 and [(Ga,Zn)O {}^+_4/4 ] {}^\infty_3 corresponding to CdI 2 and wurtzite type structure motifs, respectively. Inversions of the ZnO 4 tetrahedra occurs (i) at the InO 6 octahedral layer and (ii) halfway in the wurtzite type region where the inversion boundary is built by Ga 3+ in trigonal bipyramidal coordination with a long Ga–O apical distance of 2.138 Å. The site occupation of Zn 2+ and Ga 3+ , respectively, was confirmed by valence sum calculations. The structure of InGaO 3 (ZnO) 3 was refined from powder X‐ray diffraction data. InGaO 3 (ZnO) 3 crystallises trigonal ( R \bar{3} m ; No. 166; a = 3.2871(9) Å; c = 41.589(1) Å, R Bragg = 0.0506). The space group was confirmed by CBED. The structure of InGaO 3 (ZnO) 3 is similar to InGaO 3 (ZnO) 2 , however, the wurtzite type part of the structure has an even number of closed packed oxygen layers and thus the inversion boundary within this area is different. The compounds described here have the structural charactistics as other known members of general formula (ARO 3 )&&num;903;(ZnO) m with m = integer.
Cyber security in New Space (2020)

Abstract Developments in technologies, attitudes and investment are transforming the space environment, achieving greater accessibility for an increasing number of parties. New and proposed constellations will increase the in-orbit satellite population by the order of thousands, expanding the threat landscape of the space industry. This article analyses past satellite security threats and incidents to assess the motivations and characteristics of adversarial threats to satellites. The ground and radio frequency communications were the most favoured targets; however, the boom of satellites constellations in the upcoming years may shift this focus towards the space segment which must be addressed. Key technology advancements and open issues in the satellite industry related to security and operational requirements are also discussed.
Segmentation of Natural Images by Texture and Boundary Compression (2010)

We present a novel algorithm for segmentation of natural images that harnesses the principle of minimum description length (MDL). Our method is based on observations that a homogeneously textured region of a natural image can be well modeled by a Gaussian distribution and the region boundary can be effectively coded by an adaptive chain code. The optimal segmentation of an image is the one that gives the shortest coding length for encoding all textures and boundaries in the image, and is obtained via an agglomerative clustering process applied to a hierarchy of decreasing window sizes as multi-scale texture features. The optimal segmentation also provides an accurate estimate of the overall coding length and hence the true entropy of the image. We test our algorithm on the publicly available Berkeley Segmentation Dataset. It achieves state-of-the-art segmentation results compared to other existing methods.
Orally Absorbed Cyclic Peptides (2017)

Peptides and proteins are not orally bioavailable in mammals, although a few peptides are intestinally absorbed in small amounts. Polypeptides are generally too large and polar to passively diffuse through lipid membranes, while most known active transport mechanisms facilitate cell uptake of only very small peptides. Systematic evaluations of peptides with molecular weights above 500 Da are needed to identify parameters that influence oral bioavailability. Here we describe 125 cyclic peptides containing four to thirty-seven amino acids that are orally absorbed by mammals. Cyclization minimizes degradation in the gut, blood, and tissues by removing cleavable N- and C-termini and by shielding components from metabolic enzymes. Cyclization also folds peptides into bioactive conformations that determine exposure of polar atoms to solvation by water and lipids and therefore can influence oral bioavailability. Key chemical properties thought to influence oral absorption and bioavailability are analyzed, including molecular weight, octanol-water partitioning, hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, rotatable bonds, and polar surface area. The cyclic peptides violated to different degrees all of the limits traditionally considered to be important for oral bioavailability of drug-like small molecules, although fewer hydrogen bond donors and reduced flexibility generally favored oral absorption.
Design and Test of the In-Array Build-In Self-Test Scheme for the Embedded RRAM Array (2019)

An in-array build-in self-test (BIST) scheme is proposed for the embedded resistive random access memory (RRAM) array. The BIST circuit consists of the linear-feedback-shift-register (LFSR)- based pattern generator and the multi-input signature register (MISR)-based response compactor, and both the n-stage LFSR and MISR are implemented by n + 2 in-array RRAM cells. The proposed LFSR/MISR circuit has better performance than the IMPLY-based counterpart, due to the application of the proposed three-cycle XOR gate and two-cycle shift gate with the in-array RRAM cells. And it is more area efficient comparing with the memristor ratioed logic (MRL)-based counterpart. The proposed n-stage LFSR/MISR circuit is tested by the scan chain method. The test method only has the linear time complexity. For the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to design the in-array BIST circuit for the RRAM array.
Improving ellipse detection using a fast graphicalmethod (1999)

Ellipse detection is an important task in image analysis as ellipse shapes occur commonly in many types of scene. A fast graphical ellipse detection (FGED) algorithm is proposed to overcome the substantial time and storage requirements associated with common voting algorithms. The algorithm is demonstrated on both synthetic and real world images. It is found to be fast, memory efficient and accurate.
Throughput analysis for opportunistic spectrum access among unlicensed devices (2012)

Low spectrum utilization and lack of spectrum for new wireless services led to think of unlicensed devices that may operate on spectrum holes as and when required with a constraint of preserving the rights of licensed users. Cognitive radios have been proposed as one of such promising solutions for increasing spectrum utilization and in turn helping to resolve spectrum scarcity problem. As the spectrum availability will differ in both time and space for such scenarios, dynamic spectrum allocation is considered as key enabling technique for the success of cognitive radios. This paper assumes a centralised architecture where the central controller maintains the record of all vacant spectrums and decides the spectrum to be allocated to particular users based on spectrum overlay strategy. We model the functionalities of media access based on distributed semi Markovian network of queues where the first queue is equivalent of sorting overlapped detections received from all SU in the network, updating its database, contention and conflict management. We call this queue as spectrum analysis queue. The requests once sorted will be considered for channel allocation which is modeled as channel allocation queue. This paper presents throughput analysis of unlicensed users for opportunistic spectrum access based bandwidth allocation where the paper first presents the formulation of access latency which is then used for evaluating the throughput of unlicensed users.
NH2-terminal sequence of macrophage-expressed natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) encodes a proline/serine-rich putative Src homology 3-binding domain. (1994)

The Lsh/Ity/Bcg locus on mouse chromosome 1 regulates macrophage (m phi) priming/activation for antimicrobial activity against intracellular pathogens. A candidate Bcg gene, designated natural resistance-associated m phi protein (Nramp), recently isolated from a pre-B cell cDNA library encodes a polytopic integral membrane protein with structural features common to prokaryotic and eukaryotic transporters. In the present study, an activated m phi cDNA library yielded new Nramp clones that differ in the 5' region from the published pre-B cell-derived clone sequence, resulting in addition of 64 amino acids at the NH2 terminus of the predicted protein. This new domain is rich in proline, serine, and basic amino acids, and includes three protein kinase C phosphorylation sites and a putative Src homology 3 binding domain. RNAs containing this domain are the only form found in the m phi. Hence, the protein encoded by this RNA is the candidate molecule mediating natural resistance to intra-m phi pathogens.
Aspects of Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering: Heterodyne Detection, Active Phase Tracking, and Experimental Constraints (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAspects of Thermal Diffusion Forced Rayleigh Scattering: Heterodyne Detection, Active Phase Tracking, and Experimental ConstraintsW. Koehler and P. RossmanithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 16, 5838–5847Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100016a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100016a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
APOL1 renal risk variants have contrasting resistance and susceptibility associations with African trypanosomiasis (2017)

Reduced susceptibility to infectious disease can increase the frequency of otherwise deleterious alleles. In populations of African ancestry, two <i>apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1</i>) variants with a recessive kidney disease risk, named G1 and G2, occur at high frequency. APOL1 is a trypanolytic protein that confers innate resistance to most African trypanosomes, but not <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> or <i>T.b. gambiense,</i> which cause human African trypanosomiasis. In this case-control study, we test the prevailing hypothesis that these <i>APOL1</i> variants reduce trypanosomiasis susceptibility, resulting in their positive selection in sub-Saharan Africa. We demonstrate a five-fold dominant protective association for G2 against <i>T.b. rhodesiense</i> infection. Furthermore, we report unpredicted strong opposing associations with <i>T.b. gambiense</i> disease outcome. G2 associates with faster progression of <i>T.b. gambiense</i> trypanosomiasis, while G1 associates with asymptomatic carriage and undetectable parasitemia. These results implicate both forms of human African trypanosomiasis in the selection and persistence of otherwise detrimental <i>APOL1</i> kidney disease variants.
Prevention of postischemic canine neurological injury through potentiation of brain energy metabolism by acetyl-L-carnitine. (1992)

Mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion brain injury include altered patterns of energy metabolism that may be amenable to pharmacological manipulation. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of postischemic acetyl-L-carnitine administration on potentiation of metabolic recovery and prevention of neurological morbidity in a clinically relevant model of complete, global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Neurological deficit scoring as well as spectrophotometric and fluorescent assays of frontal cortex lactate and pyruvate levels were used in a canine model employing 10 minutes of cardiac arrest followed by restoration of spontaneous circulation for 2 or 24 hours. Dogs treated with acetyl-L-carnitine exhibited significantly lower neurological deficit scores (p = 0.0037) and more normal cerebral cortex lactate/pyruvate ratios than did vehicle-treated control animals. Postischemic administration of acetyl-L-carnitine potentiates normalization of brain energy metabolites and substantially improves neurological outcome in a clinically relevant model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
An Integrated Algorithm for Fractional Pixel Interpolation and Motion Estimation of H.264 (2010)

Our work has two main contributions. The first is to give a cost performance search order which checks fractional SPs by not only maximizing the expectation for the R-D gains but also minimizing the computational cost at the same time. We assign 48 SPs to one of six categories with different cost performance priorities. Each category has a different probability of being the optimal fractional MV (performance), and it will have a different computational complexity for interpolation (cost). This algorithm checks fractional SPs in the order of the likelihood for being the optimal position in consideration with the simplicity of interpolation. After that we propose a strategy to further reduce the number of SPs for FPME.
Treatment of familial and non-familial hypercholesterolaemia: a review of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and probucol (1987)

Hypocholesterolaemic agents are powerful modifiers of the plasma lipoprotein pattern. In addition to lowering plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, such drugs may elevate, decrease or have no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Bile acid binding resins and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors cause a reduction in hepatic cholesterol content resulting in stimulation of LDL receptor activity. This decreases the plasma LDL level, while HDL cholesterol levels remain unchanged or increase. Probucol, on the other hand, lowers both LDL and HDL cholesterol. It does not act by stimulating LDL receptor activity and is effective in some patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia who virtually lack LDL receptors. Despite their different lipoprotein-modifying effects, both HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and probucol are regarded useful in the prevention and retardation of atherosclerosis.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYSTOLIC ARRAY MATRIXMULTIPLICATION WITH ORTHOGONAL INTERCONNECTIONS (2011)

Parallel computing is a method of computation in which many calculations are carried out concurrently, operating on the principle that large problems can often be separated into smaller ones, which are then solved simultaneously. Systolic array is a specialized form of parallel computing which is an arrangement of processors in an array where data flows synchronously across the array between neighbours, usually with different data flowing in different directions. The simulation of systolic array for matrix multiplication is the practical application in order to evaluate the performance of systolic array. In this paper, a two-dimensional orthogonal systolic array for matrix multiplication is presented. Perl scripting language is used to simulate a twodimensional orthogonal systolic array compared to conventional matrix multiplication in terms of average execution time. The comparison is made using matrices of size 5xM versus Mx5 which M ranges from 1 to 10, 10 to 100 and 100 to 1000. The orthogonal systolic array results show better average execution time when M is more than 30 compared to conventional matrix multiplication when the size of the matrix multiplication is increased.
Clarification of the relationship between the members of the family Thermomonosporaceae on the basis of 16S rDNA, 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer and 23S rDNA sequences and chemotaxonomic analyses. (2001)

To resolve relationships between members of the family Thermomonosporaceae, phylogenetic analyses using three sets of nucleotide sequences from 16S rDNA, 23S rDNA and the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were carried out. Nearly all species of the family were included in this study. On the basis of congruous phylogenetic results and chemotaxonomic data, the following proposals are made. First, Actinomadura libanotica, Actinomadura aurantiaca, Actinomadura glomerata and Actinomadura longicatena are transferred to the genus Actinocorallia as Actinocorallia libanotica comb. nov., Actinocorallia aurantiaca comb. nov., Actinocorallia glomerata comb. nov. and Actinocorallia longicatena comb. nov., respectively. All the species of this genus are phylogenetically coherent and of phospholipid type PII (presence of phosphatidylethanolamine), distinguishing them from other Actinomadura species that are of phospholipid type PI (absence of diagnostic phospholipids). Second, Excellospora viridilutea is transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura viridilutea comb. nov. As a result of the proposed transfers, the family Thermomonosporaceae now contains four genera Thermomonospora, Actinomadura, Actinocorallia and Spirillospora. The genus Actinocorallia and family Thermomonosporaceae are redescribed.
Electrophoretic mobility measurement by laser Doppler velocimetry and capillary electrophoresis of micrometric fluorescent polystyrene beads (2011)

Many studies have been made and techniques developed to measure the mobility of particles and molecules by laser Doppler velocimetry and capillary electrophoresis. We propose here to evaluate and compare these two measurement techniques for their ability to characterize various fluorescent polystyrene beads as a function of the buffer pH. The repeatability of electrophoretic mobility determination by the two techniques in buffer at different pHs (neutral to alkaline) was first examined and compared. The accuracy of the determination was then evaluated. A wide range of beads which varied in their size (diameters ranging from 270 to 1000 nm), surface functional groups (NH2, COOH, and neutral), and the presence or absence of surfactants or incorporated dye molecules were investigated in order to perform a comprehensive study. The results indicated that apart from large amino beads (with a diameter over 800 nm), capillary electrophoresis generally gave better or similar relative standard deviations for most polystyrene beads, which could be attributed to a stronger adsorption of these beads onto the silica capillary surface in CE. Beads with neutral pH were more difficult to measure accurately with both methods. We also concluded that capillary electrophoresis measurements are not accurate for amino beads in the pH range of this study. However, both methods were capable of distinguishing polystyrene beads with different sizes or surface groups. We found that dye molecules introduced in beads did not alter their electrophoretic mobility values. Taken together, the data and discussion provide a guide to choose the right technique to characterize any given set of functional particles precisely and with the highest accuracy.