gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Doonerak fenster, central Brooks Range, Alaska (1987)

Abstract Dietrich River and hiking 5 mi (8 km) to ridges northwest of Kuyuktuvuk Creek and Trembley Creek (an elevation gain of 2,000 to 3,000 ft [600 to 900 m]), a visitor gains access to some of the major stratigraphic units exposed in the fenster and at the base of the allochthon. However, in this area, exposures are not as good, and the structure is much more complicated than in the area of Mount Doonerak and Amawk Creek to the west. Only the base of the Endicott Mountains allochthon is present in the area of the Doonerak fenster. The upper part of the Upper Devonian elastic sequence and the Mississippian to Trias-sic rocks on the allochthon are best exposed from the Brooks Range crest at Atigun Pass north to the mountain front, and are most easily reached from the Dalton Highway in the northern Endicott Mountains. The Doonerak fenster is located in the central Brooks Range about 35 mi (55 km) south of the Endicott Mountains front. It can be traced for at least 70 mi (110 km) southwest from the Dalton Highway (the Trans-Alaska Pipeline haul road) about 50 mi (80 km) north of the village of Coldfoot. The area is located on the Wiseman and Chandalar 1:250,000 quadrangle maps and the Wiseman D1 and D2 and Chandalar D6 1:63,360 quadrangle maps. The most significant stratigraphic and structural relationships in the fenster and at the base of the overlying Endicott Mountains allochthon are best exposed near Mount Doonerak and in the canyon of Amawk Creek 15 to 22 mi (24 to 35 km) west of the Dalton Highway. These areas are most easily reached by helicopter, or by bush planes, which can be landed on a gravel bar near the junction of Bombardment Creek and the North Fork of the Koyukuk River. The area is within the Gates of the Arctic National Park, and permission for helicopter access must be obtained in advance from the Superintendent, Gates of the Arctic National Park, P.O. Box 74680, Fairbanks, Alaska 99707. The eastern end of the fenster is accessible by foot from the Dalton Highway from between miles 225 and 226. By wading the Dietrich River and hiking 5 mi (8 km) to ridges northwest of Kuyuktuvuk Creek and Trembley Creek (an elevation gain of 2,000 to 3,000 ft [600 to 900 m]), a visitor gains access to some of the major stratigraphic units exposed in the fenster and at the base of the allochthon. However, in this area, exposures are not as good, and the structure is much more complicated than in the area of Mount Doonerak and Amawk Creek to the west. Only the base of the Endicott Mountains allochthon is present in the area of the Doonerak fenster. The upper part of the Upper Devonian elastic sequence and the Mississippian to Trias-sic rocks on the allochthon are best exposed from the Brooks Range crest at Atigun Pass north to the mountain front, and are most easily reached from the Dalton Highway in the northern Endicott Mountains.
An interactive technique for three-dimensional image registration: validation for PET, SPECT, MRI and CT brain studies. (1994)

The results indicate the high reproducibility and accuracy of this three-dimensional coregistration technique, which is comparable or superior to those of automated techniques and methods based on external artificial landmarks.
The suppression of noise on a dithering image in LCD overdrive (2006)

The authors have developed an LCD overdrive featuring a feedforward driving technique with frame memory reduction. Adapting an image compression technique for the reduction of stored frame image data has resulted in a frame memory which uses less DRAM. In this report we discuss a method of suppressing the noise caused by memory reduction when a specific pattern is applied such as a dithering image
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Induces Long-Term Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and Foam Cell Formation via Epigenetic Reprogramming of Monocytes (2014)

Brief exposure of monocytes to a low concentration of oxLDL induces a long-lasting proatherogenic macrophage phenotype via epigenetic histone modifications, characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokine production and foam cell formation.
Coordinated Control of Motor-Driven Power Steering Torque Overlay and Differential Braking for Emergency Driving Support (2014)

This paper describes a coordinated control of motor-driven power steering (MDPS) torque overlay and differential braking for emergency driving support (EDS). The coordinated control algorithm is designed to assist drivers to overcome hazardous situations. Electrically controllable MDPS and brake system are used as actuators, and a radar and a camera are used as a sensor system. Using environmental and vehicle information obtained from the sensor system, a risk of collision and driver's intention are determined, and a collision avoidance trajectory is generated, incorporating the driver's intention. Based on the generated collision avoidance trajectory, the MDPS overlay torque is determined to assist the driver's speed of response, and differential braking is determined to maximize the minimum vehicle-to-vehicle distance to avoid collision. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been investigated via computer simulations and real-time (RT) human-in-the-loop simulations. The simulation studies show that the controlled vehicle can secure additional vehicle-to-vehicle distance in severe lane change maneuvering for collision avoidance. The success rate of collision avoidance has been investigated for eight test drivers using the human-in-the-loop simulations. It has been shown that most of the test drivers can benefit from the proposed support system.
Realisation of frequency selective horn antenna incited from passive array (1992)

A frequency selective horn prototype employing double-square array elements has been assessed experimentally. Results are shown which indicate that the concept will allow colocation of several high performance feed horns for integrated multiband operation.
Oligonucleotide probes for the detection of TEM-1 and TEM-2 β-lactamase genes and their transposons (1987)

We describe the use of molecular probes to detect the TEM-type beta-lactamase genes. As a general probe, we prepared a 656 base pair restriction fragment, entirely within the TEM structural gene. This probe was specific for the TEM family, hybridizing only with TEM-1 and TEM-2. The TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamases differ by only one amino acid. We synthesized two oligonucleotides whose central bases correspond to this difference. The use of these oligonucleotides enables us to discriminate between TEM-1 and TEM-2 genes. Using oligonucleotides homologous to parts of Tn3, we also monitored the presence of TnA-like transposons in bacteria harboring different beta-lactamase genes. Only the TEM-1 and TEM-2 genes were found to be on transposons with terminal sequences identical to those of Tn3. All hybridization experiments were performed with both dot-blot and colony-hybridization techniques, and the suitability of these two methods for epidemiological studies is compared.
High-temperature and low-threshold midinfrared interband cascade lasers (2005)

A broad-area midinfrared interband cascade (IC) laser has been demonstrated with a threshold current as low as ∼630A∕cm2 at 300K. Despite exhibiting a large specific thermal resistance (∼56Kcm2∕kW at 172K), the device delivered cw power near 200mW/facet at 500mA and at 83K and lased in cw mode up to 172K. A 0.5-mm-long laser delivered cw power of ∼253mW/facet at 400mA and at 82K, and had power efficiency as high as 26% at ∼80K. Narrow mesa stripe IC lasers had relatively higher threshold current density, yet lased at temperatures up to 237 and 350K in cw and pulsed modes, respectively. The feasibility of cw operation at higher temperatures and directions for improving IC laser performance are discussed based on the experimental data.
A unified materials approach to mitigating optical nonlinearities in optical fiber. <scp>II</scp> . B. The optical fiber, material additivity and the nonlinear coefficients (2017)

Abstract The purpose of this paper, Part IIB in the trilogy [ Int J Appl Glass Sci . 2018 (not available); Int J Appl Glass Sci . 2018 (not available); Int J Appl Glass Sci . 2018 (not available)], is to describe the continuum models employed to deduce the effects of differential thermal expansion in the clad optical fiber in addition to the nonlinear optical behaviors at high intensities of light. In this continuation of Part IIA, more of the state‐of‐the‐art in W‐S‐based continuum material models are reviewed here with specific examples provided based on canonical material systems suggested from the findings of Part I and treated in detail in Part III . Part II B pays particular attention to the optical fiber and its nonlinearities.
Comparative Studies of a Humanized Anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Monoclonal Antibody, YM337, and Abciximab on in Vitro Antiplatelet Effect and Binding Properties. (2002)

The effects of YM337, the Fab fragment of a humanized anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) monoclonal antibody C4G1, on in vitro platelet function and binding properties were compared with those of abciximab, the Fab fragment of the human/murine chimeric anti-GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody 7E3. Both agents completely inhibited platelet aggregation caused by all agonists tested except ristocetin. Further, both inhibited human platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, fibronectin and subendothelial matrix with similar potency. Fibrinogen binding to washed platelets was dose-dependently inhibited by both agents. In binding assay using 125I-YM337 and 125I-abciximab, Kd values determined with platelet-rich plasma were 6.74 +/- 0.56 nM for YM337 and 6.65 +/- 1.45 nM for abciximab, and the number of binding sites were 42,700 +/- 3,000 for YM337 and 76,000 +/- 5,400 for abciximab. GPIIb/IIIa was precipitated from the solubilized fraction of platelets by both agents. In contrast, integrin alphavbeta3 was precipitated from the solubilized fraction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by abciximab but not by YM337. Fibrinogen binding to purified GPIIb/IIIa was dose-dependently inhibited by both agents. In contrast, vitronectin binding to purified integrin alphavbeta3 was dose-dependently inhibited by abciximab but not by YM337, supporting the idea that abciximab reacts to integrin alphavbeta3. Therefore, YM337 was suggested to bind to a different epitope of GPIIb/IIIa from abciximab. These results suggest that YM337 specifically acts on platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptors and has similar inhibitory properties on platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion to abciximab.
ESR Line Shape Study of Two Nematic Liquid Crystals (1982)

Abstract Electron spin-resonance (ESR) measurements of the spin-probe 17β-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethyl spiro[5α-androstane-3,2-oxazolidine]-3′-yloxyl in the liquid crystals 4-n-Amylacetophenon O-(4-n-heptyl benzoyl)-oxime [AAHBO] and 4-n-Butoxyphenyl hexyl benzoate [BPHB] are reported in isotropic and nematic phases. On the basis of the temperature variation of ESR line width, an extra, solid to solid, phase transition is observed in BPHB. The theory of Polnaszek, Bruno and Freed (PBF) appropriate for anisotropic viscosity diffusion is used to analyze the ESR spectra and thereby to determine the values of the order parameter, the rotational diffusion tensor and the correlation time at different temperatures for the two liquid crystals. The analysis shows that the slowly relaxing local structure mechanisms (SRLS) is active in slow tumbling region specially in AAHBO.
Re-evaluation of the role of antifibrinolytic therapy with lysine analogs during cardiac surgery in the post aprotinin era (2010)

The lysine analogs are unspecific enzyme inhibitors. Therefore, it is conceivable that an overdosing might reveal severe clinical side-effects beyond the inhibition of plasmin. Further studies re-evaluating the drug safety of tranexamic acid and EACA using the recommended and approved doses are necessary.
Regulation of BRCA2 Gene Expression by the SLUG Repressor Protein in Human Breast Cells (2005)

The expression of the breast cancer susceptibility protein BRCA2 is highly regulated in human breast, ovary, and pancreatic cells. BRCA2 is not expressed in the non-dividing cells, and expression is cell cycle stage-dependent and is elevated in the sporadic cancer cells. Mutational analysis of the upstream sequence of the human BRCA2 gene revealed an E2-box-containing silencer at the -701 to -921 position. The E2-box is essential for the cell-cycle stage-dependent activity of the silencer. We affinity-purified a 29-kDa silencer-binding protein (SBP) from the nuclear extracts of human breast cells BT-549 and MDA-MB-231. We explored whether the E2-box-binding repressor protein SLUG, which is of similar molecular size, is involved in the silencing process. Supershift assay with the purified SBP and anti-SLUG antibody revealed the identity of the SBP as SLUG. We found that silencer is inactive in the human breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 that do not express SLUG, further suggesting the involvement of SLUG in the BRCA2 gene silencing. Inducible expression of human SLUG in the dividing MDA-MB-468 cells reduced BRCA2 RNA levels with the activation of the silencer. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SLUG mRNA in the BT-549 cells caused inhibition of the silencer function. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggested that SLUG mediates its action by recruiting C-terminal-binding protein-1 (CtBP-1) and histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC-1) at the silencer E2-box. The general HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A, inhibited the SLUG-mediated regulation of the silencer function. It thus appears that SLUG is a negative regulator for BRCA2 gene expression.
Near infrared-to-blue photon upconversion by exploiting direct S–T absorption of a molecular sensitizer (2017)

Efficient NIR-to-blue photon upconversion was realized for the first time by exploiting sensitizer S–T transition and achieved the largest anti-Stokes shift of 0.97 eV.
New biologics in psoriasis: an update on IL-23 and IL-17 inhibitors. (2017)

As immune-related pathways involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis are elucidated, new biologic treatments targeting these steps of the psoriatic immune cascade are developed. In this article, we review the literature on IL-23 and IL-17 inhibitors in the pipeline for use in moderate to severe psoriasis. Numerous pipeline biologic therapies, including risankizumab, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab, are being investigated in phase 2 and 3 studies to establish the efficacy and safety of these new agents. Of these newest biologics being studied for psoriasis, ixekizumab has been approved and brodalumab is pending approval by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Determination of ultratrace metals in hydrogenated vegetable oils and fats (1983)

Abstract Ultratrace levels of nickel, chromium, copper and iron occurring in hydrogenated vegetable oil products were estimated by dispersion of the samples in 4 methyl‐2‐pentanone and atomic absorption analysis by the graphite furnace technique. The principal goals in establishing the analytical methods were improved sensitivity to metals at low levels and applicability to limited amounts of products. Using reproducibility and linearity of response as criteria, optimum oil concentration in solvent and instrument parameters were established. For a series of commercial products, the method of standard additions was adopted to correct for matrix differences between the products and salad oil‐based standards. The range for the metals was determined in five cooking oils: Ni, 29–207 ppb; Cr, 1–5 ppb; Cu, 13–37 ppb; and Fe, 138–301 ppb; in recovered oils from five margarines: Ni, 34–70 ppb; Cr, 2–12 ppb; Cu, 26–58 ppb; and Fe, 239–540 ppb; and in five solid shortenings: Ni, 592–2772 ppb; Cr, 8–35 ppb; Cu, 26–108 ppb.
Methyl Jasmonate Treatment as a Trigger of Resveratrol Synthesis in Cultivated Grapevine (2007)

The effect of an exogenous grape berry application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the enhancement of the in vivo resveratrol production was tested. MeJA is a plant volatile that acts as an important intracellular regulator mediating diverse developmental processes and defense responses. A treatment with MeJA spray solution was performed on clusters of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. Barbera grafted onto 3309 C rootstock under drought stress condition and regular water supply and at fruit set, veraison, and ripening. Cumulative MeJA treatments significantly increased berry resveratrol and ε-viniferin production at ripening. Water stress did not affect stilbene synthesis.
Real-time control of traffic with bus and streetcar interactions (1992)

The SPPORT (Signal Priority Procedure for Optimization in Real-Time) computer program was developed to model the mixed-traffic and streetcar operation at a busy intersection, and to determine timings for the traffic signal in response to detected private vehicle and street traffic. This paper describes the latest version of SPPORT and results of tests in the Queen Street Corridor in Toronto.
Guardrail (2014)

Device drivers are an Achilles' heel of modern commodity operating systems, accounting for far too many system failures. Previous work on driver reliability has focused on protecting the kernel from unsafe driver side-effects by interposing an invariant-checking layer at the driver interface, but otherwise treating the driver as a black box. In this paper, we propose and evaluate Guardrail, which is a more powerful framework for run-time driver analysis that performs decoupled instruction-grain dynamic correctness checking on arbitrary kernel-mode drivers as they execute, thereby enabling the system to detect and mitigate more challenging correctness bugs (e.g., data races, uninitialized memory accesses) that cannot be detected by today's fault isolation techniques. Our evaluation of Guardrail shows that it can find serious data races, memory faults, and DMA faults in native Linux drivers that required fixes, including previously unknown bugs. Also, with hardware logging support, Guardrail can be used for online protection of persistent device state from driver bugs with at most 10% overhead on the end-to-end performance of most standard I/O workloads.
Task generation and compile-time scheduling for mixed data-control embedded software (2000)

The problem of optimal software synthesis for concurrent processes to be implemented on a single processor is addressed. The approach calls for the representation of the concurrent processes with Petri nets that give a theoretical foundation for the scheduling algorithm that sequentializes the concurrent processes and for the code generation step. The approach maximizes the amount of static scheduling to reduce the need of context switch and operating system intervention. Experimental results show the potential of our method to reduce software design time and errors.
Coding for informed decoders (2002)

We consider coding for a channel producing errors, where a side-channel (not known to the encoder) possibly informs the decoder about a part of the information that is encoded in the transmitted codeword. The objective is to design a code of which the correction power is enhanced if some information symbols are known to the decoder. Such a form of channel coding we call "coding for informed decoders". A possible application is in the field of address retrieval on optical media. The sector address on optical media is part of a header which is protected by an error correcting code. Under many circumstances much of the header information of the current sector can be inferred from the previously read sectors and the table of contents. The application of coding for informed decoders to sector header protection allows for reliable local address retrieval, which is especially important during writing. We describe the general concept, and provide two constructions for coding for informed decoders.
A model of mRNA splicing in adult lysosomal storage disease (glycogenosis type II) (1996)

Glycogenosis type II is a recessively inherited disorder caused by mutations in the acid maltase (GAA) gene. Clinically, three different phenotypes are recognized: Infantile, juvenile and adult forms. A majority of compound heterozygous adult-onset patients carry a t-13g mutation in intron 1 associated with splicing out the first coding exon (exon 2). We have studied the mechanism of this mutation in a model system with wild-type and mutant minigenes expressed in a GAA deficient cell line. We have demonstrated that the mutation does not prevent normal splicing; low levels of correctly spliced mRNA are generated with the mutant construct. The data explain why the mutation is restricted to a milder, adult-onset phenotype. We also demonstrate that splicing out of exon 2 occurs with the wild-type construct, and thus represents alternative splicing which takes place in normal cells. Three splice variants (SV1, SV2 and SV3) are made with both the mutant and the wild-type constructs. Furthermore, as shown by RNAse protection assay, these mRNA variants are less abundant with the mutant construct. Thus, a major effect of the mutation appears to be a low splicing efficiency, since the total amount of all the transcripts generated from the mutant construct is reduced compared with the wild type. The removal of approximately 90% of the intron 1 (2.6 kb) sequence resulted in a dramatic increase in the levels of correctly spliced mRNA, indicating that the intron may contain a powerful transcriptional repressor.
A new model for in situ nitrogen incorporation into 4H-SiC during epitaxy (2017)

Nitrogen doping of 4H-SiC during vapor phase epitaxy is still lacking of a general model explaining the apparently contradictory trends obtained by different teams. In this paper, the evolutions of nitrogen incorporation (on both polar Si and C faces) as a function of the main growth parameters (C/Si ratio, temperature, pressure and growth rate) are reviewed and explained using a model based on surface exchanges between the gas phase and the uppermost 4H-SiC atomic layers. In this model, N incorporation is driven mainly by the transient formation of C vacancies, due to H<sub>2</sub> etching, at the surface or near the surface. It is shown that all the growth parameters are influencing the probability of C vacancies formation in a similar manner as they do for N incorporation. The surface exchange model proposes a new framework for explaining the experimental results even beyond the commonly accepted reactor type dependency.
Synthesis and evaluation of micellar properties and antimicrobial activities of imidazole‐based surfactants (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of two types of imidazole‐based surfactants, [(ROCOCH 2 MIm)Br] and [(RNHCOCH 2 MIm)Br], of varying chain lengths (C 10 , C 12 and C 16 ), was conducted in the present work. The synthesis involves an initial reaction of bromoacetic acid with fatty alcohols or fatty amines, followed by quaternization with N ‐methyl imidazole. The micellar properties of all the synthesized compounds were determined using surface tensiometry and compared with [(RMIm)Br], a well‐studied alkyl‐substituted imidazole‐based surfactant. Within the same homologous series, a decrease in critical micelle concentration (cmc) was observed with increasing alkyl chain length in all three types of cationic surfactants. Introduction of an ester [(ROCOCH 2 MIm)Br] or an amide group [(RNHCOCH 2 MIm)Br] in the alkyl chain lowers the cmc when compared to a cationic surfactant without functional group, [(RMIm)Br]. The synthesized surfactants were also assayed for antimicrobial activities and found to possess good activities against selected strains.