gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight trials: "runway-to-runway" required time of arrival evaluations for time-based ATM environment (2002)

Flight trials were conducted by Smiths Aerospace with Scandinavian Airlines in the spring of 2001 evaluating the use of the Four-Dimensional Flight Management System (4-D FMS) and it's Required-Time-of-Arrival (RTA) function for a future Air Traffic Management (ATM) environment. 4-D FMS, along with air-ground datalink capability, is central to the ATM operational environment established by the European Commission's AFAS (Aircraft in the Future ATM System) program. These RTA trials supported this project's development by assessing the current generation FMS RTA algorithm's performance in an AFAS-like flight environment, and identifying necessary improvements for the next generation avionics. The Swedish CAA participated in these trials by providing priority servicing to the trials' flights allowing the evaluation of 4-D FMS performance in an "undisturbed AFAS operational scenario". Required-Time-of-Arrival (RTA) points were established at takeoff targeted for waypoints as late in the flight plan as the top of the Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) and the destination runway threshold. The Smiths Aerospace standard FMS equipment on the Boeing "Next Generation" B737 was then responsible to guide the aircraft for the entire flight while an observer in the jump seat recorded performance data. The preliminary results from the 33 trial flights and subsequent analysis indicate that aircraft equipped with the current generation Smiths FMS can reliably predict and maintain a 4-D trajectory over an entire flight in real-world fleet operations. Time-of-arrival errors at waypoints located at the top of the Standard Arrival procedures were demonstrated to be less than 7 seconds with a standard deviation of 4.8 seconds. In cases targeting the runway with an RTA constraint, errors were bounded to 21 seconds with a standard deviation of 12.7 seconds. This precise "runway-to-runway" trajectory prediction and control capability is a critical building block in the AFAS "gate-to-gate" 4-D ATM concept. This paper describes the background and setup of these trials. Five supporting research objectives are introduced including RTA accuracy assessment, wind modeling effects, and the evaluation of trajectory time-control authority. Preliminary results and analysis are presented.
COMPARATIVE GENOMICS (2004)

The genomes from three mammals (human, mouse, and rat), two worms, and several yeasts have been sequenced, and more genomes will be completed in the near future for comparison with those of the major model organisms. Scientists have used various methods to align and compare the sequenced genomes to address critical issues in genome function and evolution. This review covers some of the major new insights about gene content, gene regulation, and the fraction of mammalian genomes that are under purifying selection and presumed functional. We review the evolutionary processes that shape genomes, with particular attention to variation in rates within genomes and along different lineages. Internet resources for accessing and analyzing the treasure trove of sequence alignments and annotations are reviewed, and we discuss critical problems to address in new bioinformatic developments in comparative genomics.
Differentiation of Bartonella-like isolates at the species level by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in the citrate synthase gene (1995)

The citrate synthase gene (gltA) of Bartonella henselae was cloned and sequenced to compare genetic divergence among alpha and gamma branches of the class Proteobacteria and to develop enhanced genotypic reagents for B. henselae identification. B. henselae gltA is 1,293 nucleotides in length and 63 to 66% homologous with corresponding gene sequences of Rickettsia prowazekii, Escherichia coli, and Coxiella burnetii. The observed genetic variability suggests that gltA sequences can provide a useful means for studying moderate divergence among related bacteria. Oligonucleotides specific for B. henselae gltA were evaluated for the ability to prime PCR amplification within the alpha and gamma branches of the proteobacteria. Under the conditions used, only B. henselae, Bartonella quintana, and R. prowazekii template DNAs yielded amplification products (approximately 380 bp). DNAs from 28 Bartonella-like isolates of feline origin were amplified by B. henselae primers and analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphism. The resulting patterns for all 28 isolates were similar or identical to that of the recognized B. henselae strain. Current studies are aimed at optimization of PCR conditions for specificity and sensitivity of amplification of Bartonella sequences from clinical isolates.
A Sizing Methodology for On-Chip Switched-Capacitor DC/DC Converters (2014)

This paper proposes a systematic sizing methodology for switched-capacitor DC/DC converters aimed at maximizing the converter efficiency under the die area constraint. To do so, we propose first an analytical solution of the optimum switching frequency to maximize the converter efficiency. When the parasitic capacitances are low, this solution leads to an identical contribution of the switches and transfer capacitors to the converter output impedance. As the parasitic capacitances increase, the optimum switching frequency decreases. Secondly, optimum capacitor and switch sizes for maximum efficiency are provided. We show that the overdrive voltage strongly impacts the optimum switch width through the modification of their conductance. To support the sizing methodology, a model of the efficiency of switched-capacitor DC/DC converters is developed. It is validated against simulation and measurement results in 65 nm and 0.13 μm CMOS, respectively. The proposed sizing methodology shows how the converter efficiency can be traded-off for die area reduction and what is the impact of parasitic capacitances on the converter sizing.
The Texas Manufacturing Outlook Survey: a tool for understanding the economy (2007)

Manufactures - Texas
Investigation of stress shielding around the Stryker Omnifit and Exeter periprosthetic hip implants using an irreversible thermodynamic‐based model (2011)

This study investigates stress shielding by predicting bone density around two different implants following total hip arthroplasty using a new thermodynamic-based model for bone remodeling. This model is based on chemical kinetics and irreversible thermodynamics in which bone is treated as a self-organizing system capable of exchanging matter, energy, and entropy with its surroundings. Unlike the previous works in which mechanical loading is regarded as the only stimulus for bone remodeling, this model establishes a coupling between mechanical loading and the chemical reactions involved in the process of bone remodeling. This model is incorporated into the finite element software ANSYS by means of a macro to investigate stress shielding around two different implants: Stryker Omnifit and Exeter periprosthetic hip stems. The results of the simulation showing bone density reductions of 17% in Gruen zone 1 and 27% in Gruen zones 7 around the Omnifit hip stem agree well with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements reported in the literature. On the other hand, the Exeter implant is found to result in more severe resorption in the proximal femur. This is consistent with clinical studies, which report a higher survivorship rate for HA-coated Omnifit hip stems.
Quantum Query Algorithms Are Completely Bounded Forms (2019)

We prove a characterization of $t$-query quantum algorithms in terms of the unit ball of a space of degree-$(2t)$ polynomials. Based on this, we obtain a refined notion of approximate polynomial degree that equals the quantum query complexity, answering a question of Aaronson et al. [``Polynomials, Quantum Query Complexity, and Grothendieck's Inequality,” in Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Computational Complexity, CCC 2016, Schloss Dagstuh, 2016, pp. 25:1--25:19]. Our proof is based on a fundamental result of Christensen and Sinclair [J. Funct. Anal., 72 (1987), pp. 151--181] that generalizes the well-known Stinespring representation for quantum channels to multilinear forms. Using our characterization, we show that many polynomials of degree four are far from those coming from two-query quantum algorithms. We also give a simple and short proof of one of the results of Aaronson et al. showing an equivalence between one-query quantum algorithms and bounded quadratic polynomials.
Predicting the Occurrence of Life Events from User's Tweet History (2018)

This paper addresses the new problem of predicting the occurrence of Twitter user's life events using word occurrence tendencies in user's tweet histories. Many previous studies have addressed public event prediction and life event extraction on Twitter. Most of the methods for these two problems use tweets that explicitly refer to event occurrence. However, users who will experience a life event are unlikely to post tweets that reference the occurrence of the life event explicitly; thus, existing methods to find tweets that refer to event occurrence explicitly are not applicable to life event prediction. Therefore, we assume that users who will experience a life event tend to post tweets that refer to life event occurrence implicitly and propose a method to identify such a tendency to predict life events. First, we extract users who experienced a specific life event and collect their past tweets to identify features that implicitly indicate the life event occurrence. We use the word occurrence tendency in such tweets as training data to construct a life event prediction model. We chose five life events, that is, "Giving birth," "Getting a job offer", "Leaving the hospital," "Pregnancy," and "Marriage," and assessed the prediction performance of the proposed method for each event. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperformed a baseline method for all selected life events except "Leaving the hospital" and achieved the highest prediction accuracy for "Giving birth." We suppose that this event resulted in the highest prediction accuracy because all users who gave birth experienced pregnancy and common features appeared in their tweets over a long period.
Design of Intelligent Stadiums Management System Based on ASP.NET (2016)

This paper analyzes the application requirements of stadium, and B / S architecture is used to design of stadium with intelligent management system, including five modules: systematic management, site management, membership management, sparring management and device management. SQLServer2005 database management system is used to establish a database system so that we can achieve seamless and efficient combination of ASP.NET applications. Finally, the basic module functions of the system were tested and the result shows that the system functions achieve the desired goals. It performed well and could improve efficiency greatly.
Methylcellulose–Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites for Optomechanically Tunable Hydrogels and Fibers (2021)

Chemical modification of cellulose offers routes for structurally and functionally diverse biopolymer derivatives for numerous industrial applications. Among cellulose derivatives, cellulose ethers have found extensive use, such as emulsifiers, in food industries and biotechnology. Methylcellulose, one of the simplest cellulose derivatives, has been utilized for biomedical, construction materials and cell culture applications. Its improved water solubility, thermoresponsive gelation, and the ability to act as a matrix for various dopants also offer routes for cellulose-based functional materials. There has been a renewed interest in understanding the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of methylcellulose and its composites. This review focuses on the recent development in optically and mechanically tunable hydrogels derived from methylcellulose and methylcellulose-cellulose nanocrystal composites. We further discuss the application of the gels for preparing highly ductile and strong fibers. Finally, the emerging application of methylcellulose-based fibers as optical fibers and their application potentials are discussed.
Multi-Aspect-Aware Bidirectional LSTM Networks for Synthetic Aperture Radar Target Recognition (2017)

The outstanding pattern recognition performance of deep learning brings new vitality to the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR). However, there is a limitation in current deep learning based ATR solution that each learning process only handles one SAR image, namely learning the static scattering information, while missing the space-varying information. It is obvious that space-varying scattering information introduced in the multi-aspect joint recognition should improve the classification accuracy and robustness. In this paper, a novel multi-aspect-aware method is proposed to achieve this idea through the bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networksbased space-varying scattering information learning. Specifically, we first select different aspect images to generate the multi-aspect space-varying image sequences. Then, the Gabor filter and three-patch local binary pattern are progressively implemented to extract comprehensive spatial features, followed by dimensionality reduction with the multi-layer perceptron network. Finally, we design a bidirectional LSTM recurrent neural network to learn the multi-aspect features with further integrating the softmax classifier to achieve target recognition. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve 99.9% accuracy for 10-class recognition. Besides, its anti-noise and anti-confusion performances are also better than the conventional deep learning-based methods.
Catabolism of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate pathway in Escherichia coli (1980)

Various strains of Escherichia coli (but not strain K-12) were found to grow on 3-hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate. Both compounds were catabolized by the same pathway, with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate as a substrate for fission of the benzene nucleus, and with pyruvate and succinate as products. All the necessay enzymes were demonstrated in cell extracts prepared from induced cells but were essentially absent from uninduced cells. Mutants unable to grow on 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylactetate were defective in particular enzymes of the pathway. The characteristics of certain mutants indicated that either uptake or hydroxylation of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate may involve a common protein component. E. coli also grew on 3,4-hydroxyphenylacetate, with induction of the enzyme necessary for its degradation but not those for the uptake-hydroxylation of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate.
Investigating Generalisation in Continuous Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown great success in a variety of control tasks. However, it is unclear how close we are to the vision of putting Deep RL into practice to solve real world problems. In particular, common practice in the field is to train policies on largely deterministic simulators and to evaluate algorithms through training performance alone, without a train/test distinction to ensure models generalise and are not overfitted. Moreover, it is not standard practice to check for generalisation under domain shift, although robustness to such system change between training and testing would be necessary for real-world Deep RL control, for example, in robotics. In this paper we study these issues by first characterising the sources of uncertainty that provide generalisation challenges in Deep RL. We then provide a new benchmark and thorough empirical evaluation of generalisation challenges for state of the art Deep RL methods. In particular, we show that, if generalisation is the goal, then common practice of evaluating algorithms based on their training performance leads to the wrong conclusions about algorithm choice. Finally, we evaluate several techniques for improving generalisation and draw conclusions about the most robust techniques to date.
Depth-of-Field Blur Effects for First-Person Navigation in Virtual Environments (2008)

Depth-of-field blur effects are well-known depth cues in human vision. Computer graphics pipelines added DOF effects early to enhance imagery realism, but real-time VR applications haven't yet introduced visual blur effects. The authors describe new techniques to improve blur rendering and report experimental results from a prototype video game implementation.
Hierarchy-aware distributed overlays in data centers using DC2 (2012)

Popular online services such as social networks, e-commerce and bidding are routinely hosted in large-scale data centers. Group communication systems (e.g., multicast) and distributed key-value stores are among some of the most essential building blocks for these services. Due to their scaling requirements, overlay networks such as distributed hash tables (DHTs) have been traditionally used in such systems. Modern hierarchical datacenter networks and global services running across datacenters pose unique challenges that traditional systems are ill-equipped to handle. For instance, the inherent multi-rooted tree topology design with oversubscription at the core translates into lesser bandwidth at the upper levels of the trees; traditional systems do not take this into consideration leading to a wastage of precious network resources. To solve this problem, we introduce a hierarchy-aware distributed overlay framework called DC2, for large scale and highly dynamic services. We build two applications-DC2-Multicast and DC2-Store-on top of DC2. In our experiments using a real prototype deployed over 700 nodes running over a Modelnet topology with 2 datacenters, we found that DC2-Multicast minimizes message latencies by several orders of magnitude, and reduces node and link stress by a factor of 2 to 3. We also find a reduction in object lookup latency by a factor of 8.
Treatment of multifocal motor neuropathy with interferon-β1A (2000)

Nine patients with multifocal motor neuropathy who had previously responded favorably to IV immunoglobulins (IVIg) were treated with interferon-beta1a. Muscle strength and disability were evaluated. In six patients there was no effect of treatment. Four patients deteriorated in such a way that IVIg had to be restarted during the study. Three patients showed an improvement that was more pronounced than on IVIg. These patients had a shorter disease duration and were less affected clinically and electrophysiologically than those who did not respond.
Rat cytochrome p450 1A and 3A enzymes involved in bioactivation of tegafur to 5-fluorouracil and autoinduced by tegafur in liver microsomes. (2001)

Tegafur, an anticancer prodrug, is reported to be bioactivated to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Liver microsomal P450 enzymes involved in the biotransformation of tegafur into 5-FU in rats and the effect of tegafur in vivo on P450 levels in rats were investigated. Of 12 cDNA-expressed rat P450 enzymes tested, CYP1A2, CYP3A1, and CYP2C11 had high 5-FU formation rates from 100 microM and 1.0 mM tegafur concentrations. The contributions of CYP1A, CYP2C, and CYP3A enzymes to 5-FU formation in male rat liver microsomes were supported by immunoinhibition studies. 5-FU formation from tegafur, at substrate concentrations of 100 microM and 1.0 mM, was increased by intraperitoneal treatment of tegafur (50 mg/kg for 5 days) as well as by beta-naphthoflavone, phenobarbital, and dexamethasone. Orally administered tegafur (100 mg/kg daily for 20 days) caused the induction of CYP2B (5-fold) and of CYP1A and CYP3A (approximately 2-fold) and of 5-FU formation (approximately 2-fold) in rat liver microsomes. These results suggest that CYP1A and CYP3A enzymes, autoinduced by tegafur, have important roles in 5-FU formation from tegafur in rat liver microsomes. Coadministration of tegafur and P450-inducing drugs could markedly enhance the biotransformation of tegafur into 5-FU via P450 induction.
Encoding of a priori information in active contour models (1996)

The theory of active contours models the problem of contour recovery as an energy minimization process. The computational solutions based on dynamic programming require that the energy associated with a contour candidate can be decomposed into an integral of local energy contributions. In this paper we propose a grammatical framework that can model different local energy models and a set of allowable transitions between these models. The grammatical encodings are utilized to represent a priori knowledge about the shape of the object and the associated signatures in the underlying images. The variability encountered in numerical experiments is addressed with the energy minimization procedure which is embedded in the grammatical framework. We propose an algorithmic solution that combines a nondeterministic version of the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm for string matching with a time-delayed discrete dynamic programming algorithm for energy minimization. The numerical experiments address practical problems encountered in contour recovery such as noise robustness and occlusion.
Studies of the Heme Coordination and Ligand Binding Properties of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (sGC): Characterization of Fe(II)sGC and Fe(II)sGC(CO) by Electronic Absorption and Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies and Failure of CO To Activate the Enzyme (1995)

The mechanism of activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by NO is poorly understood although it is clear that NO interacts with a heme group in the protein via formation of a heme-nitrosyl adduct. The objective of this study is to investigate the coordination environment of the heme in the enzyme spectroscopically in the presence of known heme ligands and to correlate the spectral characteristics with other heme proteins of known structure. Comparison of the electronic and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra for ferrous bovine soluble guanylyl cyclase (Fe(II)sGC) in the absence and presence of the common heme ligand CO with those of other hemoproteins suggests that histidine is an axial ligand to the heme iron in Fe(II)sGC. Further analysis indicates that Fe(II)sGC is predominantly bis-histidine ligated; the ratio of MCD signal intensity in the visible region to that in the Soret region is most consistent with an admixture of pentacoordinate and hexacoordinate ferrous heme in Fe(II)sGC at pH 7.8. Spectral changes upon CO binding have been correlated with the activity of the enzyme to determine the relationship between coordination structure and activity. Although CO clearly binds to Fe(II)sGC to form a six-coordinate adduct, it fails to significantly activate the enzyme regardless of heme content or CO concentration. In contrast, the extent of activation of sGC by NO is dependent on the heme content in the enzyme and on the concentration of NO. These observations are consistent with a mechanism for activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase in which the bond between the heme iron and the proximal histidine must be broken for activation to take place.
The Cheater’s Homotopy: An Efficient Procedure for Solving Systems of Polynomial Equations (1989)

A procedure is introduced for solving systems of polynomial equations that need to be solved repetitively with varying coefficients. The procedure is based on the cheater’s homotopy, a continuation method that follows paths to all solutions. All solutions are found with an amount of computational work roughly proportional to the actual number of solutions. Previous general methods normally require an amount of computation roughly proportional to the total degree.