gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic Integrated Circuits (1992)

A semiconductor laser contains a light-amplifying gain medium and a miniature waveguide that confines the light to the laser cavity. With today's laser-fabrication technology, one can integrate lasers with other active optical elements — such as detectors, optical amplifiers, optical modulators, and switches — on one semiconductor chip. The interconnections are miniature, transparent, passive waveguides that pipe light from one device to the next, playing a role similar to the metal lines that carry electricity in conventional integrated circuits. An exploratory technology to create such photonic integrated circuits is emerging from advances in vapor-phase crystal growth and large-area wafer processing. Initial research efforts are focused on relatively simple devices such as laser-modulator, laser-detector, and laser-amplifier photonic integrated circuits. These configurations enhance the functional capabilities of a single laser, promising advantages in cost, compactness, and ease of packaging. Although today's complex optical systems require large optical benches and many delicate optical alignments, one can also envision these systems transformed into miniature, inexpensive, and robust photonic integrated circuits. Recent research demonstrations of such single-chip circuits include wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission sources and balanced heterodyne receivers.
Isolation and identification of 23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an in vivo metabolite of vitamin D3 (1981)

Vitamin D supplemented rats produce a metabolite of 25-hydroxy[3 alpha-3H]vitamin D3 that is easily separated from known metabolites by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The production of this metabolite in vivo as well as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone is largely if not totally eliminated by nephrectomy. Kidney homogenates from vitamin D supplemented chickens incubated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 produce significant quantities of the new, unknown metabolite. This metabolite was isolated in pure form from such incubation mixtures by using both straight-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. This metabolite has been positively identified as 23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and derivatization. This structure was confirmed by chemical synthesis of both C-23 stereoisomers. Although the natural product exactly comigrates with one of the synthetic isomers, the exact stereochemistry of the natural product remains unknown. It is possible that this new metabolite is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone.
Doppler spread estimation for wireless OFDM systems (2006)

We present a method for estimating the Doppler spread in mobile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The estimation is based on finding the autocorrelation function of time domain channel estimates over several OFDM symbols. In OFDM systems, channel estimation is popularly performed in the frequency domain. Channel frequency response estimates are affected by noise and intercarrier interference (ICI). As a result, Doppler estimates based on frequency domain channel estimates are affected significantly. We show that the use of channel estimates in the time domain can greatly improve the performance of Doppler estimates. The channel impulse response (CIR) can be obtained by taking the IDFT of the channel frequency response (CFR). Consequently, the proposed method reduces processing time and memory usage. Computer simulations support our claim for a broad range of Doppler spread and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values in Rayleigh fading channels
Identification of the second common Jewish Gaucher disease mutation makes possible population-based screening for the heterozygous state. (1991)

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive glycolipid storage disease characterized by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. The disease is most common in persons of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and the most common mutation, accounting for about 75% of the mutant alleles in this population, is known to be an A----G substitution at cDNA nucleotide (nt) 1226. Screening for this disease has not been possible because nearly 25% of the mutant alleles had not been identified, but linkage analysis led to the suggestion that most of these could be accounted for by a single mutation. We now report the discovery of this mutation. The insertion of a single nucleotide, a second guanine at cDNA nt 84 (the 84GG mutation), has been detected in the 5' coding region of the glucocerebrosidase gene. The amount of mRNA produced is shown to be normal but since the frameshift produced early termination, no translation product is seen. This finding is consistent with the virtual absence of antigen found in patients carrying this mutation. The 84GG mutation accounts for most of the previously unidentified Gaucher disease mutations in Jewish patients. The common Jewish mutation at nt 1226, the 84GG mutation, and the less-common mutation at nt 1448 accounted for 95% of all of the Gaucher disease-producing alleles in 71 Jewish patients. This now makes it possible to screen for heterozygotes on a DNA level with a relatively low risk of missing couples at risk for producing infants with Gaucher disease.
Jitter Detection Method Based on Sequence CMOS Images Captured by Rolling Shutter Mode for High-Resolution Remote Sensing Satellite (2022)

Satellite platform jitter is a non-negligible factor that affects the image quality of optical cameras. Considering the limitations of traditional platform jitter detection methods that are based on attitude sensors and remote sensing images, this paper proposed a jitter detection method using sequence CMOS images captured by rolling shutter for high-resolution remote sensing satellite. Through the three main steps of dense matching, relative jitter error analysis, and absolute jitter error modeling using sequence CMOS images, the periodic jitter error on the imaging focal plane of the spaceborne camera was able to be measured accurately. The experiments using three datasets with different jitter frequencies simulated from real remote sensing data were conducted. The experimental results showed that the jitter detection method using sequence CMOS images proposed in this paper can accurately recover the frequency, amplitude, and initial phase information of satellite jitter at 100 Hz, 10 Hz, and 2 Hz. Additionally, the detection accuracy reached 0.02 pixels, which can provide a reliable data basis for remote sensing image jitter error compensation.
Design of new reverberation chamber for electromagnetic compatibility and wireless device measurement applications and its reproducibility performance validation (2018)

Abstract This article proposes new reverberation chamber structure for electromagnetic compatibility and wireless device measurement applications. It consists of dual plate type mode stirrers and two types of reflectors that improve its original field uniformity. Based on the SD and eigenmode analysis, their effect is demonstrated, and through the final measured results, it is shown that the proposed reverberation chamber has excellent SD characteristic of <2.5 dB at 650 MHz or higher. In addition, from the viewpoint of its utilization, it is verified that for over the air performance of a commercial long‐term evolution mobile phone, its experimental reproducibility is very high, and its results show little difference from those obtained in the anechoic chamber.
Interval anisotropic parameter estimation in walkaway and 3D VSP data (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for interval VTI anisotropic parameter estimation above and within VSP array. Above receiver array, the method utilizes duplex downgoing multiples (multiples with two reflections: from the boundary and free surface) for estimation of a layered depth velocity model above the borehole receiver array. A three-term NMO approximation function is used to estimate NMO velocity and a non-hyperbolic parameter. Dix-type inversion is applied to the three parameters to invert them to interval Thomsen anisotropic parameters ε, δ above the receivers. Velocity gradient influence is analyzed analytically. It is shown that in many cases we can neglect its influence on anisotropy estimates. Within the VSP receiver array, the method creates a virtual horizontal reflector at each receiver depth by calculating reflected traveltimes as a sum of two first breaks from the symmetrical source points. For 3D or multi-azimuthal walkaway survey, this approach is generalized for a model with horizontal homogeneous orthorhombic layers.
MMSE interference suppression for direct-sequence spread-spectrum CDMA (1994)

We consider interference suppression for direct-sequence spread-spectrum code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems using the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) performance criterion. The conventional matched filter receiver suffers from the near-far problem, and requires strict power control (typically involving feedback from receiver to transmitter) for acceptable performance. Multiuser detection schemes previously proposed mitigate the near-far problem, but are complex and require explicit knowledge or estimates of the interference parameters. In this paper, we present and analyze several new MMSE interference suppression schemes, which have the advantage of being near-far resistant (to varying degrees, depending on their complexity), and can be implemented adaptively when interference parameters are unknown and/or time-varying, Numerical results are provided that show that these schemes offer significant performance gains relative to the matched filter receiver. We conclude that MMSE detectors can alleviate the need for stringent power control. In CDMA systems, and may be a practical alternative to the matched filter receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combination of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in liver transplant recipients with histological recurrent hepatitis C (2002)

Recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of fibrosis and cirrhosis after liver transplantation (LT), with histological recurrence developing in at least 50% of patients within the first year. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in treating histological recurrent HCV after LT. Since 1998, patients with HCV with significant histological recurrence (fibrosis >/= 3 and/or histological activity index >/= 5) or progressive cholestatic disease after LT were treated with interferon alfa-2b (3 million units subcutaneously three times weekly) plus ribavirin (800 to 1,000 mg/d) for 12 months. Immunosuppression was tapered to cyclosporine/FK506 monotherapy. HCV RNA was assessed at entry, week 24, end of treatment, and 6 months after therapy. The primary end point was loss of HCV RNA 6 months after therapy, whereas the secondary end point was histological response. Fifty-four patients met criteria for treatment and have completed follow-up. Patients were mainly men (71% men; mean age, 51 +/- 5 years) with genotype 1 infection (88%) and high viral load (mean HCV RNA, 38 +/- 9 mEq/mL). Dose modification was required in 72% of patients because of cytopenia or side effects. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that serum HCV RNA was undetectable in 19 patients (35%) week 24, 21 patients (38%) week 48, and 16 patients (30%) at the 6-month follow-up. Paired liver biopsy results (before and within 6 months after treatment) were available for 35 patients. Patients who achieved viral eradication had no significant progression of fibrosis after 1 year of therapy. In summary, combination therapy is a reasonable antiviral option for recurrent HCV infection for established post-LT hepatitis and appears to prevent histological progression of disease if viral eradication is successful.
Mechanical Properties of Large-Scale Extruded Mg-Zn-Y Alloys (2010)

In order to realize large-scale Mg-Zn-Y alloys with high strength and high heat resistance, we have developed a unique casting process to produce a large homogeneous ingot investigating the mechanical properties of the extruded alloys. First homogeneous ingots (335 mm x 850 mm) were prepared by a unique stir casting process. Then large-scale extruded alloys (100 mm) were prepared at 648 K with the extrusion ratio of 10. The Mg-Zn-Y alloys have exhibited higher yield and fatigue strengths than those of aluminum alloys. The yield strengths of the aluminum alloys have decreased drastically above 473 K, whereas those of the Mg-Zn-Y alloys have not. It is noteworthy that the yield strength (200 MPa) and the fatigue strength (75 MPa) of the Mg-Zn-Y alloys at 523 K are about twice and 1.2-1.4 times as high as those of the aluminum alloys respectively. Moreover, the creep strengths have been equivalent or higher than those of aluminum alloys. From the above results, we have verified that even being made by the large-scale extrusion, the Mg-Zn-Y alloys possess higher strength than those of heat resistant aluminum alloys.
Method for selection of transposable DNA and characterization of a new insertion sequence, IS493, from Streptomyces lividans (1989)

A method to select for transposable elements from Streptomyces spp. by using insertional inactivation of a repressor gene that functions in Escherichia coli was developed. Plasmid pCZA126, which can replicate in Streptomyces spp. or E. coli, contains a gene coding for the lambda cI857 repressor and a gene, under repressor control, coding for apramycin resistance. E. coli cells containing the plasmid are apramycin sensitive but become apramycin resistant if the cI857 repressor gene is disrupted. Plasmids propagated in Streptomyces spp. can be screened for transposable elements that have disrupted the cI857 gene by transforming E. coli cells to apramycin resistance. This method was used to isolate a new 1.6-kilobase insertion sequence, IS493, from Streptomyces lividans CT2. IS493 duplicated host DNA at the target site, had inverted repeats at its ends, and contained two tandem open reading frames on each strand. IS493 was present in three copies in the same genomic locations in several S. lividans strains. Two of the copies appeared to be present in regions of similar DNA context that extended at least 11.5 kilobases. Several other Streptomyces spp. did not appear to contain copies of IS493.
Noise-robust recognition of objects by humans and deep neural networks (2020)

Abstract Deep neural networks (DNNs) for object classification have been argued to provide the most promising model of the visual system, accompanied by claims that they have attained or even surpassed human-level performance. Here, we evaluated whether DNNs provide a viable model of human vision when tested with challenging noisy images of objects, sometimes presented at the very limits of visibility. We show that popular state-of-the-art DNNs perform in a qualitatively different manner than humans – they are unusually susceptible to spatially uncorrelated white noise and less impaired by spatially correlated noise. We implemented a noise-training procedure to determine whether noise-trained DNNs exhibit more robust responses that better match human behavioral and neural performance. We found that noise-trained DNNs provide a better qualitative match to human performance; moreover, they reliably predict human recognition thresholds on an image-by-image basis. Functional neuroimaging revealed that noise-trained DNNs provide a better correspondence to the pattern-specific neural representations found in both early visual areas and high-level object areas. A layer-specific analysis of the DNNs indicated that noise training led to broad-ranging modifications throughout the network, with greater benefits of noise robustness accruing in progressively higher layers. Our findings demonstrate that noise-trained DNNs provide a viable model to account for human behavioral and neural responses to objects in challenging noisy viewing conditions. Further, they suggest that robustness to noise may be acquired through a process of visual learning.
Improving Robustness of Heterogeneous Serverless Computing Systems Via\n Probabilistic Task Pruning (2019)

Cloud-based serverless computing is an increasingly popular computing\nparadigm. In this paradigm, different services have diverse computing\nrequirements that justify deploying an inconsistently Heterogeneous Computing\n(HC) system to efficiently process them. In an inconsistently HC system, each\ntask needed for a given service, potentially exhibits different execution times\non each type of machine. An ideal resource allocation system must be aware of\nsuch uncertainties in execution times and be robust against them, so that\nQuality of Service (QoS) requirements of users are met. This research aims to\nmaximize the robustness of an HC system utilized to offer a serverless\ncomputing system, particularly when the system is oversubscribed. Our strategy\nto maximize robustness is to develop a task pruning mechanism that can be added\nto existing task-mapping heuristics without altering them. Pruning tasks with a\nlow probability of meeting their deadlines improves the likelihood of other\ntasks meeting their deadlines, thereby increasing system robustness and overall\nQoS. To evaluate the impact of the pruning mechanism, we examine it on various\nconfigurations of heterogeneous and homogeneous computing systems. Evaluation\nresults indicate a considerable improvement (up to 35%) in the system\nrobustness.\n
<title>Instant holographic portrait printing system</title> (1998)

An instant holographic portrait printing system has been developed. The system consists of a capturing camera, a high-speed image processing device, and a desktop one-step holographic stereogram printer. It takes less than 3 minutes to obtain a horizontal parallax 3D image 78 mm X 59 mm on DuPont photopolymer film HRF700X071-20, including capturing and image processing time. Since the holographic stereogram printer is designed for easy operation under non-laboratory conditions, an anti-vibration table or a dark room is not required. We describe several key technologies as well as a practical method for evaluating the image quality produced by one-step hologram printers.
Cavitation-induced drug delivery in tumors for cancer chemotherapy: phantom studies (2001)

One of the major problems of cancer chemotherapy is slow diffusion of anti-cancer drugs in the interstitium and their poor penetration from blood through tumor capillary wall and cancer cell membrane. To enhance delivery of the drugs in cancer cells we proposed to use interaction of exogenous microparticles with laser or ultrasonic radiation. This interaction results in cavitation near the particles upon certain irradiation conditions. Our previous pilot studies demonstrated feasibility of enhanced delivery of model and real anti-cancer conditions. Our previous pilot studies demonstrated feasibility of enhanced delivery of model and real anti-cancer drugs in tissues in vitro and in vivo if laser pulsed or ultrasonic radiation is applied. In this work we performed studies in tissue phantoms in order to find optimal parameters that can be used for safe and efficient delivery of anti-cancer drugs in tumors. Water solutions and gelatin were used as tissue phantoms with well-controlled parameters. Cavitation in the phantoms was studied by using optical dn ultrasound techniques. Results of our studies indicate that efficient cavitation-driven drug delivery can be achieved with no or minimal damage to normal tissues.
<title>Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography: technology and applications</title> (2001)

A novel phase resolved optical coherence tomographic (OCT) and optical Doppler tomographic (ODT) system is developed for simultaneous imaging of tissue structure and physiology with high imaging speed and high spatial resolution.
Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Neutralizing Epitope on H5N1 Influenza Virus of Clade 1 and 0 for Specific H5 Quantification (2013)

H5N1 influenza viruses cause high mortality in avian and mammalian species, including humans. Antigenic drift in H5 sequence poses challenges in the development of vaccine and therapeutic antibody. In this study, a monoclonal antibody 11G12 was produced from inactivated H5N1 immunized mice. Results from IFA, ELISA, HI, and virus neutralization indicated that Mab 11G12 can specifically recognize and neutralize H5 type hemagglutinin from clade 1 and 0 without any cross-reaction to any other clades of H5N1 viruses. Mab 11G12 was used to differentiate and quantify the expression of H5N1 strain A/VietNam/1203/04 from a trivalent vaccine mix in ELISA. Sequencing of escape mutants identified that Mab 11G12 targets a major neutralizing epitope of influenza H5 hemagglutinin. The study indicated that some major neutralizing epitopes in H5s of early strains were mutated due to antigenic drift.
Generating underwater OAM based on the water-immersed antenna array (2020)

To explore the potential of orbital angular moment (OAM) imaging in underwater condition, a water-immersed antenna has been designed at 10GHz in this paper, the S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> is optimized to -50dB, and the bandwidth is 4GHz. Based on the above antenna, an uniform circular array (UCA) with 16 elements are simulated to generate electromagnetic (EM) wave carrying OAM, the results of vortex EM fields of OAM modes 0-7 are obtained, high-qulity under water OAM modes can be generated at 10GHz efficiently.
A novel strategy for enzymatic synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine: identification of an enzyme possessing HMKP (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate) aldolase activity (2007)

A two-step enzymatic synthesis process of 4-hydroxyisoleucine is suggested. In the first step, the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and alpha-ketobutyrate catalyzed by specific aldolase results in the formation of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate (HMKP). In the second step, amination of HMKP by the branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase leads to synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine. An enzyme possessing HMKP aldolase activity (asHPAL) was purified 2500-fold from a crude extract of Arthrobacter simplex strain AKU 626. Sequencing of the asHPAL structural gene showed that the purified enzyme belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family. The 4-hydroxyisoleucine was synthesized in vitro from acetaldehyde, alpha-ketobutyrate and l-glutamate using a coupled aldolase/branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase bienzymatic reaction.