gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Signal processing schemes for open-loop optical fiber gyroscopes</title> (1992)

Open-loop signal processing techniques for a phase-modulated optical fiber gyroscope are discussed and classified according to sampling or non-sampling, frequency- or time-domain, and real or equivalent time schemes. A duality theory between frequency and time for the gyroscope signal is developed. The rotation rate supplied to the gyroscope is detected from both the frequency and time signals. As examples of equivalent time signal processing, down sampling and pulse modulation techniques are proposed.
Global optimization of Optimal Power Flow using a branch &amp; bound algorithm (2012)

We propose two algorithms for the solution of the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem to global optimality. The algorithms are based on the spatial branch and bound framework with lower bounds on the optimal objective function value calculated by solving either the Lagrangian dual or the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation. We show that this approach can solve to global optimality the general form of the OPF problem including: generation power bounds, apparent and real power line limits, voltage limits and thermal loss limits. The approach makes no assumption on the topology or resistive connectivity of the network. This work also removes some of the restrictive assumptions of the SDP approaches [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. We present the performance of the algorithms on a number of standard IEEE systems, which are known to have a zero duality gap. We also make parameter perturbations to the test cases that result in solutions that fail to satisfy the SDP rank condition and have a non-zero duality gap. The proposed branch and bound algorithms are able to solve these cases to global optimality.
Laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel restores salivary gland function (2017)

Hyposalivation reduces the patient quality of life, as saliva is important for maintaining oral health. Current treatments for hyposalivation are limited to medications such as the muscarinic receptor agonists, pilocarpine and cevimeline. However, these therapies only provide temporary relief. Therefore, alternative therapies are essential to restore salivary gland function. An option is to use bioengineered scaffolds to promote functional salivary gland regeneration. Previous studies demonstrated that the laminin-111 protein is critical for intact salivary gland cell cluster formation and organization. However, laminin-111 protein as a whole is not suitable for clinical applications as some protein domains may contribute to unwanted side effects such as degradation, tumorigenesis and immune responses. Conversely, the use of synthetic laminin-111 peptides makes it possible to minimize the immune reactivity or pathogen transfer. In addition, it is relatively simple and inexpensive as compared to animal-derived proteins. Therefore, the goal of this study was to demonstrate whether a 20 day treatment with laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel promotes tissue regeneration in submandibular glands of a wound healing mouse model. In this study, laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel significantly accelerated formation of salivary gland tissue. The regenerated gland tissues displayed not only structural but also functional restoration.
Compact Superconducting Cyclotrons for Neutron Therapy (1985)

A compact superconducting cyclotron is being constructed for use as a neutron based cancer therapy facility in a major Detroit hospital . The project involves a number of novel design solutions which are described in the paper.
A Non-Destructive Method to Determine the Depth of Radionuclides in Materials In-Situ (1999)

A non-destructive method based on in-situ gamma spectroscopy is developed to determine the depth of radiological contamination in media. An innovative algorithm, Gamma Penetration Depth Unfolding Algorithm (GPDUA), uses point kernel techniques to predict the depth of contamination based on the results of the uncollided peak information from the in-situ gamma spectroscopy. The GPDUA is designed and verified through extensive Monte Carlo simulations and validated through laboratory experiments. This innovative tool promises to be "better, faster, safer, and cheaper" than the current practice in decontamination and decommissioning. The method requires the a priori knowledge of the contaminant source distribution. The applicable radiological contaminants of interest are any isotopes that emit two or more gamma rays per disintegration or isotopes that emit a single gamma ray but have gamma-emitting progeny in secular equilibrium with its parent (e.g., 60Co, 235U, and 137Cs to name a few). The predicted depths from the GPDUA algorithm using Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code simulations and laboratory experiments using 60Co have consistently produced predicted depths within 20% of the actual or known depth.
Bulk Mode Disk Resonator With Transverse Piezoelectric Actuation and Electrostatic Tuning (2016)

This paper presents a wine-glass bulk mode disk resonator based on a novel transverse piezoelectric actuation technique to achieve bulk mode resonance of the single crystalline silicon disk structure. The device is fabricated in a commercial microelectromechnical systems (MEMS) process, and combines reasonable quality factor and superior motional resistance in a low-cost technology. External capacitive electrodes are used for electrostatic tuning of the resonance frequency, relying on the electrostatic spring softening effect. The resonator was measured to have a resonance frequency of ~15 MHz and a quality factor of ~2000 in atmospheric pressure, increasing to ~5000 in 100-mtorr vacuum. The temperature co-efficient for the frequency of the device was also measured to be about -40 ppm/°C. The resonator requires no dc voltage for operation, but its resonance frequency can be tuned by varying the applied dc voltage on the capacitive electrodes with a factor of 1 ppb/V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Analysis of Transcriptional Regulatory Pathways of Photoreceptor Genes by Expression Profiling of the Otx2-Deficient Retina (2011)

In the vertebrate retina, the Otx2 transcription factor plays a crucial role in the cell fate determination of both rod and cone photoreceptors. We previously reported that Otx2 conditional knockout (CKO) mice exhibited a total absence of rods and cones in the retina due to their cell fate conversion to amacrine-like cells. In order to investigate the entire transcriptome of the Otx2 CKO retina, we compared expression profile of Otx2 CKO and wild-type retinas at P1 and P12 using microarray. We observed that expression of 101- and 1049-probe sets significantly decreased in the Otx2 CKO retina at P1 and P12, respectively, whereas, expression of 3- and 4149-probe sets increased at P1 and P12, respectively. We found that expression of genes encoding transcription factors involved in photoreceptor development, including Crx, Nrl, Nr2e3, Esrrb, and NeuroD, was markedly down-regulated in the Otx2 CKO at both P1 and P12. Furthermore, we identified three human retinal disease loci mapped in close proximity to certain down-regulated genes in the Otx2 CKO retina including Ccdc126, Tnfsf13 and Pitpnm1, suggesting that these genes are possibly responsible for these diseases. These transcriptome data sets of the Otx2 CKO retina provide a resource on developing rods and cones to further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying photoreceptor development, function and disease.
Anodic Formation of High-Aspect-Ratio Titania Nanotubes (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Hierarchical Image-Region Labeling via Structured Learning (2009)

We present a graphical model which encodes a series of hierarchical constraints for classifying image regions at multiple scales. We show that inference in this model can be performed efficiently and exactly, rendering it amenable to structured learning. Rather than using feature vectors derived from images themselves, our model is parametrised using the outputs of a series of first-order classifiers. Thus our model learns which classifiers are useful at different scales, and also the relationships between classifiers at different scales. We present promising results on the VOC2007 and VOC2008 datasets.
Continued Validation for a Task Trainer and Targeting Curriculum for Ultrasound Guided Invasive Procedures (2018)

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of training and the inter- and intra-rater variability of a targeting curriculum for ultrasound guided invasive procedures. BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated the content, face, and construct validity of our curriculum. Here we assess its inter- and intra-rater reliability. METHODS: Echogenic targets (wooden dowels, plastic straws, and wooden balls) were placed in water filled buckets covered with simulated skin (ballistic gelatin). We assessed 23 1st year medical students performing two targeting tasks (guiding the needle to multiple targets in a random sequence), held 4 weekly one hour training sessions, and reassessed their performance. Completion time in seconds, errors (as recorded by multiple assessors), and error adjusted time (5 sec penalty/error) were recorded. These measures were compared before and after training using a repeated measures t -test. Inter- and intra-rater inter-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. RESULTS: Completion time, errors, and error adjusted time on the dowel tasks were 176±70, 7.4±, 213±95, respectively before training, and 95±61, 2.7±3.4, and 109±74, respectively after training (all P <.0001). The completion time, errors, and error adjusted time on the straw task were 319±98, 9.4±4.6, and 366±114, respectively before training, and 179±57, 3.1±3.2, and 195±67, respectively after training (all P <.0001). The inter-rater ICC for the dowel and straw tasks were 0.83 and 0.91, respectively. The intra-rater ICCs were 0.93 and 0.90, respectively. DISCUSSION: Conclusions: Student performance on the targeting tasks improved markedly after 4 weekly training sessions. The inter- and intra-rater reliability was excellent. This provides additional validity evidence for our novel ultrasound guided invasive procedure task targeting curriculum.
Virus-specific memory T cells populate tumors and can be repurposed for tumor immunotherapy (2019)

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits the success of current immunotherapies. The host retains memory T cells specific for previous infections throughout the entire body that are capable of executing potent and immediate immunostimulatory functions. Here we show that virus-specific memory T cells extend their surveillance to mouse and human tumors. Reactivating these antiviral T cells can arrest growth of checkpoint blockade-resistant and poorly immunogenic tumors in mice after injecting adjuvant-free non-replicating viral peptides into tumors. Peptide mimics a viral reinfection event to memory CD8+ T cells, triggering antigen presentation and cytotoxic pathways within the tumor, activating dendritic cells and natural killer cells, and recruiting the adaptive immune system. Viral peptide treatment of ex vivo human tumors recapitulates immune activation gene expression profiles observed in mice. Lastly, peptide therapy renders resistant mouse tumors susceptible to PD-L1 blockade. Thus, re-stimulating known antiviral immunity may provide a unique therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Egg protein hydrolysates: New culinary textures (2015)

The purpose of this work was to obtain new textures from egg proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis, to diversify their applications in daily and haute cuisine. Pasteurized liquid egg white, yolk and whole egg were hydrolyzed with a food grade aminopeptidase. Before enzyme inactivation, several ingredients were added, such as flavors and colors in liquid or powdered forms (salt, sugars, fruit or vegetal infusions). This yielded novel gels with various textures – from smooth and creamy to rigid – and light foams with a high foaming capacity and ability to re-incorporate air once collapsed, which were characterized by sensory and texture profile analysis. The elaboration process proved simple and fast, allowing an optimum use of the starting material without by-products. It provided the means to improve the techno-functional properties of the egg as an ingredient and to expand its use in new recipes, as well as in the development of new food products, particularly suitable for people with chewing limitations or digestion problems, overweigh, obesity, or sensitive to dairy products.
An engineered dimeric fragment of hepatocyte growth factor is a potent c‐MET agonist (2014)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), through activation of the c-MET receptor, mediates biological processes critical for tissue regeneration; however, its clinical application is limited by protein instability and poor recombinant expression. We previously engineered an HGF fragment (eNK1) that possesses increased stability and expression yield and developed a c-MET agonist by coupling eNK1 through an introduced cysteine residue. Here, we further characterize this eNK1 dimer and show it elicits significantly greater c-MET activation, cell migration, and proliferation than the eNK1 monomer. The efficacy of the eNK1 dimer was similar to HGF, suggesting its promise as a c-MET agonist.
An all-optical scalar and vector spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer employing on–off pump modulation (2011)

It is demonstrated that a spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer can be used for scalar measurements with no additional hardware. Because of relaxation processes, an ensemble of alkali atoms needs a constant supply of polarized photons by a pump beam to maintain a polarized state. If the pump beam is shuttered off, the system decays to its equilibrium state. For a low enough relaxation rate and with a magnetic field present, the system will exhibit oscillations at its natural frequencies. In a SERF magnetometer, it happens at the Zeeman resonance frequency of the atoms (Larmor frequency). Thus, shuttering off the pump beam reveals oscillations at the Larmor frequency. From this frequency, one can deduce the scalar value of the applied magnetic field. As a result, all-optical scalar measurements can be performed. At the same time, either one or two vector components of the applied field can be measured by using one or two orthogonal probe beams, respectively. In a low-polarization SERF regime, the ground state can be well described by the Bloch equations for the electron spin polarization. By solving the time-dependent Bloch equations [neglecting the diffusion term and assuming that the nuclear slowing-down factor q(P) is constant], the oscillation frequency of the system is obtained. From this frequency, the scalar value of the applied magnetic field is derived. It is shown that applied fields down to 1 nT can be measured with a 0.1% relative uncertainty. Fields down to 50 pT can be measured with a 10% relative uncertainty. The time dependence acquired in the “off” periods is strongly correlated with the Zeeman sublevels population of the atomic ground state and reveals its spin dynamics.
Design of a Fast and Low-Power Sense Amplifier and Writing Circuit for High-Speed MRAM (2014)

A high-speed and low-power prepared and write sense amplifier (PWSA) is presented for magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM). The sense amplifier incorporates a writing circuit for MRAM bits switched via timing of precessional dynamics (~GHz speed) in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). By combining read and write functions in a single power-efficient circuit, the PWSA allows for fast read and write operations while minimizing the bit error rate after data programming. The PWSA circuit is designed based on a 65 nm CMOS technology, and the magnetic dynamics are captured by a Verilog-A compact model based on macrospin behavior for MTJs. Using the preread and comparison steps in the data program operation, we are able to reduce write power consumption by up to 50% under random data input conditions. Furthermore, using the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect for precessional switching, more than 10× reduction of write power and transistor size both in the memory cell and the write circuit is achieved, compared with using the spin transfer torque effect. The circuit achieves 2 ns read time, 1.8 ns write time, and 8 ns total data program operation time (consisting of two read steps, one write step, and a pass/fail check step) using this PWSA concept, and a 2× larger sensing margin through the current feedback circuit.
Mice with combined disruption of<i>Gpx1</i>and<i>Gpx2</i>genes have colitis (2001)

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1 and gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium-specific GPX (GPX-GI), encoded by Gpx1 and Gpx2, provide most GPX activity in GI epithelium. Although homozygous mice deficient in either the Gpx1 or Gpx2 gene appeared to be normal under standard housing conditions, homozygous mice deficient in both genes, double-knockout (KO) mice, had symptoms and pathology consistent with inflammatory bowel disease. These symptoms included a high incidence of perianal ulceration, growth retardation that started around weaning, and hypothermia that resembled that observed in calorie-restricted mice, even though the double-KO mice in our study were allowed to eat ad libitum. The growth retardation and hypothermia were components of cachexia, which is fatal in a high percentage of mice. Histological examination revealed that the double-KO mice had a high incidence of mucosal inflammation in the ileum and colon but not in the jejunum. Elevated levels of myeloperoxidase activity and lipid hydroperoxides were also detected in colon mucosa of these homozygous double-KO mice. These results suggest that GPX is essential for the prevention of the inflammatory response in intestinal mucosa.
Imaging VCAM-1 as an Indicator of Treatment Efficacy in Metastatic Ovarian Cancer (2013)

Clinically relevant VCAM-1-specific imaging probes identify VCAM-1 expression as an indicator of ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis and therapeutic response to platinum-based agents. These observations support testing the utility of VCAM-1 imaging probes to monitor treatment response in ovarian cancer patients, thus providing the potential to improve management of women with this disease.
Dual-polarization, single quantum-well AlGaInP laser diode structure (1994)

A single quantum-well Ga/sub 0.5+/spl delta//In/sub 0.5-/spl delta//P/(AlGa)/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P laser structure is demonstrated, which can provide similar gain in both polarizations. The slightly tensile-strained quantum-well has a light-hole ground state, which gives the lowest transparency current for TM-mode gain. However, the TE-mode gain is dominant at high drive currents. The gain-current relationships have been characterized for each polarization, and found to cross at a modal gain value of 25 cm/sup -1/. Lasers whose threshold gain is near this crossover value were found to emit in either one or both polarizations, with a very wide range of polarization asymmetry possible. A simple QW gain model can be used to qualitatively describe this behavior, along with the tendency toward TE-mode emission at higher temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
39.4: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Liquid Crystals for Ophthalmic Lenses and Biosensing Applications (2014)

Abstract We introduce two bio‐photonic applications of liquid crystals. One is the ophthalmic lenses with large aperture size. The challenge and the solutions are discussed. The other is the biosensing devices based on a switchable surface of a liquid crystal and polymer composite film, such as a sperm testing devices and high‐density lipoproteins. Liquid crystals indeed have great potentials beyond displays.
Novel configurations for dielectric loaded and conductor loaded cavity resonators with improved spurious performance (2002)

The paper presents new resonator configurations to realize dielectric-loaded and conductor-loaded cavity filters with improved spurious performance. Theoretical and experimental results are presented for filters built using the proposed resonator structures. The results show that shaping the dielectric or the conductor material inside the cavity can considerably improve the spurious performance of the resonator.
Intelligent Traffic Flow Assist: Optimized Highway Driving Using Conditional Behavior Prediction (2020)

Many conventional systems for driver assistance on highways determine vehicle motion based on static situation configurations only. Adaptive Cruise Control systems for example react to vehicles cutting-in from neighboring lanes only after these vehicles have entered the ego-lane. Some more recent systems include prediction of future behaviors, but often neglect mutual influences between these and the best behavior for the ego vehicle. This paper introduces ?intelligent Traffic Flow Assist?, an assistance system that analyzes the current traffic situation and predicts candidate future behaviors conditioned on different options for the ego behavior. It computes vehicle trajectories optimized for safety, comfort and utility for each of the possible future situations and selects the best option for vehicle control. We describe the system architecture and implementation on a prototype vehicle with close-toproduction sensors and report on tests performed in different situations on proving ground and public highways.
Analysis of carious dentine using FTIR and ToF-SIMS. (2014)

Apart from the Maillard reaction, other processes, such as esterification, take place in carious tissue. The aim of the present study was to analyse sound and carious dentine in terms of ester groups and their reaction with hydrazine derivate using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Carious and sound dentine from human premolars were excavated in three series (Experimental Parts I-III) and separated into inner and outer layers of carious dentine. The excavated tooth material was analysed with FTIR (Part I). Carious and sound dentine were also exposed to different chemical treatments and analysed with FTIR-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR; Part II) and ToF-SIMS (Part III). The FTIR absorption spectra showed that the carious tissue contained ester groups, not detected in sound dentine. The results also indicated a higher occurrence of ester groups in the inner dental caries layer than in the outer ones. Potential binding to these ester groups by hydrazine derivative was observed after different chemical treatments with both FTIR-ATR and ToF-SIMS. The results of the present study revealed ester groups unique to the carious dentine which, after reaction with hydrazine derivative, form a covalent bond not found in sound dentine. The staining of carious unique groups would be clinically helpful in detection and prevention unnecessary removal of sound dentine.
A Spatial-Temporal Multi-Resolution CMOS Image Sensor with Adaptive Frame Rates for Moving Objects in the Region-of-Interest (2007)

A CMOS image sensor simultaneously generates spatial-temporal multi-resolution images from two channels: one for normal images (<30fps) for stationary backgrounds; and the other for high-frame-rate images (adaptable to over 960fps) with reduced spatial resolution for moving objects in the region-of-interest. This sensor employs on-chip motion detection circuits, consumes 75mW at 3.3V and is fabricated in 0.35 μm CMOS