gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement of Nuclear Prolactin for Interleukin-2—Stimulated Proliferation of T Lymphocytes (1991)

Prolactin (PRL) is necessary for the proliferation of cloned T lymphocytes in response to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Translocation of PRL into the nucleus occurs during IL-2--stimulated mitogenesis. Therefore, the function of intranuclear PRL in T cell proliferation was tested. Eukaryotic expression vectors were prepared to express wild-type PRL [PRL(WT)], PRL that lacks the signal sequence for translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum [PRL(ER-)], and chimeric PRL in which the signal peptide was replaced with the sequence that directs the nuclear translocation of the SV40 large T antigen [PRL(NT+)]. Expression of these constructs in a T cell line (Nb2) responsive to PRL and IL-2 resulted in localization of PRL in the extracellular milieu, cytoplasm, or nucleus, respectively. Stimulation with IL-2 alone resulted in a five- to tenfold increase in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by cells expressing PRL(NT+) or PRL(WT) as compared to PRL(ER-) or the parental Nb2 cells. Only the PRL(NT+) clone proliferated continuously with IL-2 stimulation in the presence of antiserum to PRL. These results demonstrate that nuclear PRL is necessary for IL-2--stimulated proliferation and suggest that a peptide hormone can function in the nucleus without binding to its cell surface receptor.
The ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of hydrogen bromide (1999)

The technique of H Rydberg atom photofragment translational spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of hydrogen bromide. Branching fractions between the channels forming ground Br(2P3/2) and spin-orbit excited Br(2P1/2) atoms have been determined at 15 independent wavelengths in the range 201–253 nm, and photofragment recoil anisotropies for these two channels have been characterized at six different wavelengths within the same wavelength range. The channel forming ground state products, H+Br(2P3/2), is observed to arise solely from a perpendicular (i.e., ΔΩ=1) transition at all excitation energies, whereas the channel to formation of excited state products, H+Br(2P1/2), has a marked wavelength dependence: at long wavelengths (λ=243 nm), the photofragments are produced by a parallel (i.e., ΔΩ=0) photodissociation mechanism, which becomes more perpendicular in character as the photolysis energy is increased. Within the wavelength range studied, the branching fractions indicate that Br(2P3/2) products are formed in preference to Br(2P1/2) products, with propensities that are relatively invariant to excitation wavelength, although a small, yet pronounced, cusp appears at λ∼235 nm. The observations are discussed with reference to the known behavior of the other hydrogen halides and highlight the influence of spin-orbit interactions in the photofragmentation dynamics of this series of molecules.
An Outline of Continuum Modeling of Brain Tissue Mechanics (1986)

Modern, very sensitive, and noninvasive devices (strain-gauges, accelerometers, etc) detect deformations and motions in the order of a few microns. The observation that the rise in intracranial pressure produces measurable suture strain suggests that noninvasive determination of mechanical parameters in the intracranial cavity, such as density, velocity, pressure, energy, and their time rates, is clearly possible. Based on the above premise, and utilizing the concept of representative elementary volume (REV), this paper presents the conceptual part of a theory that defines the mechanical behavior of the brain and skull under various conditions. The systematic review of brain tissue mechanics leads to a continuum model of a mixed stress-displacement boundary value type, which defines the dynamics of the visco-elastic brain tissue in mathematical terms.
Blood-brain barrier breach following cortical contusion in the rat (1996)

Adult Fisher 344 rats were subjected to a unilateral impact to the dorsal cortex above the hippocampus at 3.5 m/second, resulting in a 2-mm cortical depression. This caused severe cortical damage and neuronal loss in hippocampus subfields CA1, CA3, and hilus. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was assessed by injecting the protein horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 5 minutes prior to or at various times after injury (5 minutes, 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours, 1, 2, 5, and 10 days). Animals were killed 1 hour after HRP injection and brain sections were reacted with diaminobenzidine to visualize extravascular accumulation of the protein. Maximum staining occurred in animals injected with HRP 5 minutes prior to or 5 minutes after cortical contusion. Staining at these time points was observed in the ipsilateral cortex of the impact area and areas adjacent to it, as well as in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Some modest staining occurred in the dorsal contralateral cortex near the superior sagittal sinus. Cortical HRP staining gradually decreased at increasing time intervals postinjury. By 10 days, no HRP staining was observed in any area of the brain. In the ipsilateral hippocampus, HRP staining was absent by 3 hours postinjury and remained so at the 6- and 12-hour time points. Surprisingly, HRP staining was again observed in the ipsilateral hippocampus 1 and 2 days after cortical contusion, indicating a biphasic opening of the BBB following head trauma and a possible second wave of secondary brain damage days after the contusion injury. These data indicate that regions not initially destroyed by cortical impact, but evidencing BBB breach, may be accessible to neurotrophic factors administered intravenously both immediately and days after brain trauma.
<i>DCUN1D3</i>, a novel UVC‐responsive gene that is involved in cell cycle progression and cell growth (2008)

DCUN1D3 (DCN1, defective in cullin neddylation 1, domain containing 3) was found during the process of high throughput screening of novel human genes associated with serum response element (SRE) pathway activation. The DCUN1D3 gene is highly conserved among vertebrates. Human DCUN1D3 complementary DNA (cDNA) encodes 304 amino acids with an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa. However, there has been no report about the function of DCUN1D3. This study detected that DCUN1D3 was broadly expressed in several tumor tissues and cultured cell lines; however, UVC irradiation of different doses significantly increased DCUN1D3 expression level in these cancer cell lines. Over-expression of the DCUN1D3 inhibits cell growth in HeLa. When the DCUN1D3 gene was silenced by siRNA in UVC-treated HeLa, the cell cycle in S phase was remarkably blocked; furthermore, the UVC-induced cell death was inhibited. In addition, DCUN1D3 localized mainly in the cytoplasm and perinuclear, but after UVC treatment, the DCUN1D3 gradually entered the nucleus. All the results above indicate that DCUN1D3 is a novel UVC-response gene involved in cell cycle regulation and cell survival.
Negative transconductance in multi-layer organic thin-film transistors (2018)

Negative transconductance (NTC) refers to the phenomenon of the N-shape transfer characteristic appearing with a current peak and valley. It has been extensively studied in the past few decades due to its applications in logic and memory devices. Here, we observe unique antibipolar transfer characteristics and NTC behavior in multi-layer 2,6-diphenyl anthracene organic thin-film transistors grown on h-BN, which is due to the vertical potential barrier between the charge accumulation region near the substrate and the neutral bulk region under the contacts. The applied extrinsic electric field could effectively modulate the barrier height, resulting in a competition for charge carrier transport between lateral and vertical directions. Based on the NTC and antibipolar properties, a frequency doubler has been fabricated on a single transistor, which provides a new building block for organic logic circuits.
Activities of the four optical isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (BCH-189) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human lymphocytes (1992)

Four different isomers of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine [beta-DL-(+-)-BCH-189] were evaluated in primary human lymphocytes infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The beta-L-(-) isomer was the most potent enantiomer, with a median effective concentration of 1.8 nM and no discernible cytotoxicity up to 100 microM. The relative order of potencies for the isomers was beta-L-(-) greater than beta-DL-(+-) racemic greater than beta-D-(+) greater than alpha-L-(+) greater than alpha-D-(-). The beta-L-(-) enantiomer was as potent as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
Phonon probe of local strains in SnS<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>Se<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>mixed crystals (2013)

We present a combined Raman spectroscopy and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) study of phonon variation with composition $x$ in the mixed crystals SnS${}_{x}$Se${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$. The experimentally observed two-mode behavior of the ${A}_{1g}$ and ${E}_{g}$ vibrations involving Se(S) atoms is shown to arise from the lack of overlapping of the corresponding phonon dispersion bands in SnS${}_{2}$ and SnSe${}_{2}$. This offers a unique opportunity to assess local distortions of the trigonal Sn${}_{3}$Se pyramids in SnS${}_{x}$Se${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$ as no Se and S mode mixing is involved. The dependence of local height and base length of Sn${}_{3}$Se pyramids with $x$ is derived by a procedure that uses the measured ${A}_{1g}$ (Se) and ${E}_{g}$ (Se) phonons in SnS${}_{x}$Se${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$, those calculated by DFPT for SnSe${}_{2}$ at different hydrostatic pressure, DFPT phonon dispersion, and the contribution from mass-disorder induced phonon self-energy.
Critical Role for Antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in Human Macrophage Survival and Cellular IAP1/2 (cIAP1/2) in Resistance to HIV-Vpr-induced Apoptosis (2012)

Macrophages are resistant to HIV cytopathic effects, which contributes to viral persistence and reservoir formation. HIV viral protein R (Vpr) is a potent apoptosis-inducing agent for primary monocytes. Because the biologically active Vpr is found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected patients, we investigated the apoptotic effect of Vpr on monocyte-derived macrophages and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated THP1 macrophages. Our results show that primary monocytes and THP1 cells develop resistance to Vpr-induced apoptosis following differentiation into macrophages. To determine the effect of Vpr on the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, we show that in contrast to the undifferentiated cells, Vpr did not down-regulate the expression of antiapoptotic inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) and Bcl2 family members in macrophages, suggesting their involvement in resistance to Vpr-induced apoptosis. However, knocking down Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins induced spontaneous apoptosis with no impact on susceptibility to Vpr-induced apoptosis. In contrast, down-regulation of cellular IAP1 (cIAP1) and cIAP2 by using siRNAs and SMAC (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases) mimetic sensitized macrophages to Vpr-induced apoptosis. Overall, our results suggest that resistance to Vpr-induced apoptosis is specifically mediated by cIAP1/2 genes independent of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, which play a key role in maintaining cell viability. Moreover, IAP modulation may be a potential strategy to eliminate HIV persistence in macrophages.
D3: Declarative Distributed Debugging (2008)

Large-scale distributed systems, like MapReduce, are increasingly being used, but debugging such systems is still very difficult. In this paper, we propose D3, a new debugging system that answers diverse debugging queries by processing logs formally and efficiently. D3 specifies queries concisely in a declarative language and executes the queries in a distributed fashion, thereby lowering debugging overhead and bandwidth consumed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our D3 design on a local cluster with Hadoop, an open-source MapReduce framework.
Copper substituted P2-type Na<sub>0.67</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1−x</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: a stable high-power sodium-ion battery cathode (2015)

Plate-like copper-substituted P2-type Na<sub>0.67</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1−x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is able to rapidly charge and discharge within 5 minutes while still giving a capacity of about 90 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> at a current of 1000 mA g<sup>−1</sup>.
Strategies for photoluminescence enhancement of AgInS2 quantum dots and their application as bioimaging probes (2012)

We report the effect of the initial Ag : In stoichiometry, capping ligand concentration, and reaction temperature on the optical properties (such as photoluminescence [PL] quantum yield, PL full width at half-maximum, and wavelength of maximum PL emission) of AgInS2 quantum dots (QDs). The fabricated QDs exhibit excellent optical characteristics, including PL quantum yields of up to 22% and the appearance of an excitonic absorption peak. This is the first reported observation of such a well-defined exciton absorption feature in AgInS2 QDs. Its appearance could indicate a relatively narrow size distribution or minimization of nonradiative recombination at the surface sites of the QDs. Moreover, we report one-pot two-step synthesis of highly luminescent AgInS2–ZnS QDs by injection of ZnS precursors directly into the same reactor with existing AgInS2 cores without any purification. In addition, to demonstrate their potential biomedical application, the AgInS2–ZnS QDs were coated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) and further conjugated with folic acid for human liver carcinoma (HepG2) tumor cell labeling. The folate-receptor-mediated cellular uptake of the folic-acid-conjugated AgInS2–ZnS QDs was confirmed by confocal imaging characterization. Additionally, the small dimensions and high solubility of the folic-acid-conjugated AgInS2–ZnS QDs were also exploited in prefixed-cell staining; the QDs entered the complex cellular matrix and stained both the nucleoli and cytoplasm of HepG2 cells.
Development and application of a two-site enzyme immunoassay for the determination of 'total' activin-A concentrations in serum and follicular fluid (1996)

The performance of existing immunoassays and bioassays for activins is compromised by the presence of activin-binding proteins such as follistatin and alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in biological fluids. To overcome this problem we have developed a novel two-site enzyme immunoassay procedure for activin-A which incorporates an analyte denaturation and oxidation step. The optimized assay is sensitive (detection limit approximately 10 pg/well), precise (mean within- and between-plate coefficients of variation 4.9 and 9.1% respectively) and accurate (activin-A recovery values of 102 +/- 3 and 96 +/- 5% for bovine follicular fluid (FF) and human serum respectively). In specificity tests, high concentrations of follistatin (500 ng/ml) and alpha 2M (100 microgram/ml) did not interfere with the response signal to activin-A. In addition, no significant cross-reactivity was observed with a range of related molecules including inhibin-A, inhibin-B, activin-B (all < 0.5%), bovine pro-alpha C and follistatin (both < 0.1%). Response curves parallel to the activin-A standard curve were obtained for a variety of test samples including bovine, human, ovine and porcine FF, human sera and conditioned medium from cultured bovine and human granulosa cells. Fractionation of bovine FF by SDS-PAGE confirmed assay specificity since only one peak of activin-A immunoreactivity was detected (M(r) approximately 25 k) in eluted gel slices. However, gel-permeation chromatography showed that under physiological conditions all of the detectable activin-A in bovine FF eluted with apparent M(r) values of > 700 and 60-200 k reflecting its association with binding protein(s). Analysis of bovine FF samples (n = 76) from morphologically dominant follicles during the luteal phase showed that activin-A levels were positively correlated with inhibin-A (r = +0.54; P < 0.001) and total beta subunit immunoreactivity (r = +0.32; P < 0.005) but not with total alpha subunit immunoreactivity (r = -0.09). Classification of these follicles according to oestrogenic status showed that activin-A, inhibin-A and total beta subunit levels were highest in oestrogen-inactive follicles (P < 0.01) whereas total alpha subunit levels were lowest in these follicles (P < 0.001). Activin-A levels were measurable in all human serum samples analysed, ranging from 128 pg/ml during the normal menstrual cycle, 210 pg/ml in women undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation and approximately 500 pg/ml in postmenopausal women to over 4000 pg/ml during pregnancy. In conclusion, the present assay provides a reliable method for quantitating total (i.e. bound+free) activin-A concentrations in a variety of biological samples and should prove useful for further in vivo and in vitro studies in a range of species including man.
FPGA Implementation for GMM-Based Speaker Identification (2010)

In today's society, highly accurate personal identification systems are required. Passwords or pin numbers can be forgotten or forged and are no longer considered to offer a high level of security. The use of biological features, biometrics, is becoming widely accepted as the next level for security systems. Biometric-based speaker identification is a method of identifying persons from their voice. Speaker-specific characteristics exist in speech signals due to different speakers having different resonances of the vocal tract. These differences can be exploited by extracting feature vectors such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) from the speech signal. A well-known statistical modelling process, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), then models the distribution of each speaker's MFCCs in a multidimensional acoustic space. The GMM-based speaker identification system has features that make it promising for hardware acceleration. This paper describes the hardware implementation for classification of a text-independent GMM-based speaker identification system. The aim was to produce a system that can perform simultaneous identification of large numbers of voice streams in real time. This has important potential applications in security and in automated call centre applications. A speedup factor of ninety was achieved compared to a software implementation on a standard PC.
Cultural Differences in Developers' Perceptions of Information Systems Success Factors (2002)

The current study examined the perceptions of information systems (IS) developers from Japan and the United States with regards to the strategies that are considered most important for successful implementation of an IS. The results of a principal components analysis revealed that the IS strategies could be reduced to five components: (1) Characteristics of the Team Members, (2) Characteristics of the Project Leader, (3) Management/User Input, (4) Proper Technology, and (5) Communication. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the perceptions of Japanese and U.S. developers with respect to the importance of the five components. Japanese developers perceived the Project Leader as the most crucial component for determining the success of an IS project. Team Member Characteristics was viewed as the least important by Japanese developers. On the other hand, the developers from the U.S. viewed Communications as the most critical component. Project Leader Characteristics was perceived to be the least important by U.S. developers. The results were discussed in terms of cultural differences.
Application of Blind Source Separation Techniques for Generation of PHM Useful Information (2009)

One of the most important issues when dealing with PHM developments is the availability of adequate sensors to provide measures that indicate the health state of a component or system. Installation of additional sensors for such purpose usually implies increments in costs and weight and reduction of reliability and availability. Sometimes equivalent information can be inferred from other available sources, allowing the design of PHM solutions with no need for additional sensors.The power consumed by a set of components may provide information concerning their health states. These components may be all fed by the same power supply. This paper proposes a novel application of blind source separation techniques to infer the power consumed by the components using only the measurement of the power supply output. The usefulness of such techniques is demonstrated in a real.
Application of a multivariable feedback linearization scheme for rotor angle stability and voltage regulation of power systems (1999)

This paper investigates the application of a nonlinear controller to the multi-input multi-output model of a system consisting of a hydraulic turbine and a synchronous generator. The controller proposed is based on a feedback linearization scheme. Its main goal is to control the rotor angle as well as the terminal voltage, to improve the system's stability and damping properties under large disturbances and to obtain good post-fault voltage regulation. The response of the system is simulated in the presence of a short-circuit at the terminal of the machine in two different configurations and compared to the performance of a standard IEEE type 1 voltage regulator, PSS and a PID speed regulator.
Preference-Guided Planning: An Active Elicitation Approach (2018)

Planning under uncertainty has exploited human (domain) expertise in several different directions. One key research thrust in this direction is that of specifying preferences as advice to the planner in order to reduce the search over the space of plans. While successful, most of these approaches require that the advice be specified before planning. However, humans tend to give the most obvious advice and more importantly, this advice may not directly benefit the planner. We propose a framework in which the planner actively solicits preferences as needed. More specifically, our proposed planning approach computes the uncertainty in the plan explicitly and then queries the human expert for advice. This approach not only removes the burden on the human expert to provide all the advice upfront but also allows the learning algorithm to focus on the most uncertain regions of the plan space and query accordingly. Our results show that this collaborative approach allows for more efficient and effective problem solving compared to the standard planning as well as providing all the preferences in advance. Our framework treats the human input as soft preferences and allows to trade-off between potentially a sub-optimal expert and a complex plan space.
Quasi-synchronous time division duplex CDMA (2002)

A quasi-synchronous (QS) code division multiple access (CDMA) system is proposed for mobile communications. In the proposed method, which uses the time division duplex (TDD) mode of transmission, a mobile receiver can measure changes of the propagation delay. It then accordingly adjusts its transmission time so its signal can arrive at base station synchronously with other mobile units. A simple control unit is used at the mobile unit in order to reduce any error due to changes in propagation delay. The system operates as follows. At the start of a call, a mobile unit is quasi-synchronised through feedback control from the base station. The mobile unit then maintains synchronous status without any further base station feedback. The degree of the quasi-synchronous accuracy is determined by a clock in mobile units. This paper shows performance results based on using a clock rate of ten times faster than the spreading rate. Orthogonal codes are used for spreading the signals. These results demonstrate that the reverse link CDMA multiuser interference is to a great degree removed.