gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of field-effect mobility at optical frequency by microring resonators (2021)

A novel characterization method is proposed to extract the optical frequency field-effect mobility ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m1"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>FE</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials by a tunable silicon microring resonator with a heterogeneously integrated titanium-doped indium oxide <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m2"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ITiO</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>SiO</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>silicon</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitor. By operating the microring in the accumulation mode, the quality factor and resonance wavelength shift are measured and subsequently used to derive the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m3"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>FE</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in the ultra-thin accumulation layer. Experimental results demonstrate that the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m4"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>FE</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of ITiO increases from 25.3 to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="m5"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>38.4</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>⋅</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>⋅</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> with increasing gate voltages, which shows a similar trend as that at the electric frequency.
A recombinant hybrid protein as antigen for an anti-blood stage malaria vaccine. (1991)

Based on investigations on several blood stage antigens from Plasmodium falciparum we have expressed a hybrid protein in E. coli containing 262 amino acids of the serine-stretch protein SERP and 189 amino acids of the histidine alanine rich protein HRPII. Antibodies raised against the hybrid protein by immunization of rabbits and Aotus monkeys react with both corresponding schizont polypeptides. Two Aotus monkeys immunized with the SERP/HRPII hybrid protein showed only low parasitemias after challenge infection with P. falciparum, compared to the control group. The result suggests that hybrid proteins of this type may be the basis for the development of a malaria vaccine.
Pulsed liquid microjet for microsurgery (2001)

The precision of soft tissue dissection with pulsed lasers in liquid media is typically limited by collateral damage from vapor bubbles created during energy deposition. We present an alternative technique for creating incisions using a pulsed liquid microjet driven by an electric discharge-induced vapor bubble generated inside a micronozzle. We use this technique to create a pulsed jet 30 μm in diameter with a peak velocity of 90 m/s and total ejected volume on the order of 100 pl. Incision tests on a polyacrylamide gel simulating soft tissue show that the width of the cut is comparable to the diameter of the micronozzle and that collateral damage is significantly less than that produced by a vapor bubble not confined by the nozzle.
Damping of selectively bonded 3D woven lattice materials (2018)

The objective of this paper is to unveil a novel damping mechanism exhibited by 3D woven lattice materials (3DW), with emphasis on response to high-frequency excitations. Conventional bulk damping materials, such as rubber, exhibit relatively low stiffness, while stiff metals and ceramics typically have negligible damping. Here we demonstrate that high damping and structural stiffness can be simultaneously achieved in 3D woven lattice materials by brazing only select lattice joints, resulting in a load-bearing lattice frame intertwined with free, 'floating' lattice members to generate damping. The produced material samples are comparable to polymers in terms of damping coefficient, but are porous and have much higher maximum use temperature. We shed light on a novel damping mechanism enabled by an interplay between the forcing frequency imposed onto a load-bearing lattice frame and the motion of the embedded, free-moving lattice members. This novel class of damping metamaterials has potential use in a broad range of weight sensitive applications that require vibration attenuation at high frequencies.
A deterioration diagnosis method for Li-ion battery using a transient characteristic and development of an automatic diagnosis circuit (2015)

A deterioration diagnosis method for a Li-ion battery using its transient characteristic is proposed in this paper. The terminal voltage of the battery sharply increases at the beginning of the charging and gradually increases. The terminal voltage suddenly decreases at the end of the charging and decreases toward its internal voltage. The transient characteristic can be explained by the response of the internal impedance of the Li-ion battery. The internal impedance has a close relation to the deterioration of the battery. The proposed method in this paper diagnoses the deterioration using the integration of the difference between the terminal voltage and the internal voltage of the battery after a charging. The integrated voltage depends on both the deterioration and the temperature of the battery. The integrated voltage is corrected for the deterioration estimation of the Li-ion battery. This proposed method is practical because it requires no information except the terminal voltage of the battery and ambience temperature. A diagnosis equipment using a microcomputer has been developed in this paper. The circuit is realized a diagnosis system in low cost because the computational load for the diagnosis is light.
Quad-mode and dual-mode dielectric resonator filters (2009)

This paper introduces for the first time a quad-mode dielectric resonator filter, using a simple cylinder resonator. A four-pole single cavity filter is designed, simulated, and fabricated based on this quadruple mode resonator. Additionally, a new type of dual-mode dielectric resonator filters is introduced, using the same cylindrical resonator cut in half along its axis. Center frequency control, intra/inter/input-coupling mechanisms, tuning, and spurious improvement methods are discussed, showing versatility of the proposed structures to realize different filtering functions and specifications. Measured results are presented for practical filters, employing the proposed quad-mode and dual-mode resonators. The dielectric resonator filters presented in this paper offer a significant size and mass reduction in comparison with conventional dielectric resonator filters. They promise to be useful for both wireless and satellite applications.
Development of a highly specific and sensitive VHH-based sandwich immunoassay for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (2021)

The current COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of obtaining reliable methods for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. A highly specific and sensitive diagnostic test able to differentiate the SARS-CoV-2 virus from common human coronaviruses is therefore needed. Coronavirus nucleoprotein (N) localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus and is required for viral RNA synthesis. N is the most abundant coronavirus protein, so it is of utmost importance to develop specific antibodies for its detection. In this study, we developed a sandwich immunoassay to recognize the SARS-CoV-2 N protein. We immunized one alpaca with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N and constructed a large single variable domain on heavy chain (VHH) antibody library. After phage display selection, seven VHHs recognizing the full N protein were identified by ELISA. These VHHs did not recognize the nucleoproteins of the four common human coronaviruses. Hydrogen Deuterium eXchange-Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) analysis also showed that these VHHs mainly targeted conformational epitopes in either the C-terminal or the N-terminal domains. All VHHs were able to recognize SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells or on infected hamster tissues. Moreover, the VHHs could detect the SARS variants B.1.17/alpha, B.1.351/beta, and P1/gamma. We propose that this sandwich immunoassay could be applied to specifically detect the SARS-CoV-2 N in human nasal swabs.
Uniformly Thick Selective Epitaxial Silicon (1987)

The growth rate of selective epitaxial silicon is a function of the nucleation site seed area and the ratio of the area of the mask to silicon area exposed. Therefore, with commonly employed IC circuit patterns, it is difficult to achieve, using conventional epitaxial growth conditions, silicon deposit thickness uniformity needed for IC processing. This constitutes one of the main obstacles to utilizing CVD selective epitaxy as an SOI process or as a replacement of LOCOS for oxide isolation. Reported in this publication is a method of growing uniformly thick selective epitaxial silicon on a silicon wafer with mask openings to the substrate of various dimensions, and with various area ratios. The desired control of the deposit thickness is achieved at reduced pressures (below 50 torr) and relatively low deposition temperatures .
Peripheral blood MDS score: A new flow cytometric tool for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (2005)

FCM analysis of side scatter and only four additional immunophenotypic parameters of PB neutrophils using the PB MDS score proved more sensitive than standard laboratory approaches and may provide an additional, more reliable diagnostic tool in the identification of MDS.
Nanostructured Bulk Silicon as an Effective Thermoelectric Material (2009)

Abstract Thermoelectric power sources have consistently demonstrated their extraordinary reliability and longevity for deep space missions and small unattended terrestrial systems. However, more efficient bulk materials and practical devices are required to improve existing technology and expand into large‐scale waste heat recovery applications. Research has long focused on complex compounds that best combine the electrical properties of degenerate semiconductors with the low thermal conductivity of glassy materials. Recently it has been found that nanostructuring is an effective method to decouple electrical and thermal transport parameters. Dramatic reductions in the lattice thermal conductivity are achieved by nanostructuring bulk silicon with limited degradation in its electron mobility, leading to an unprecedented increase by a factor of 3.5 in its performance over that of the parent single‐crystal material. This makes nanostructured bulk (nano‐bulk) Si an effective high temperature thermoelectric material that performs at about 70% the level of state‐of‐the‐art Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 but without the need for expensive and rare Ge.
Nonlinear method and apparatus for coding and decoding acoustic signals with data compression and noise suppression using cochlear filters, wavelet analysis, and irregular sampling reconstruction (1995)

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Energy harvesting from hydraulic pressure fluctuations (2013)

State-of-the-art hydraulic hose and piping systems employ integral sensor nodes for structural health monitoring to avoid catastrophic failures. Energy harvesting in hydraulic systems could enable self-powered wireless sensor nodes for applications such as energy-autonomous structural health monitoring and prognosis. Hydraulic systems inherently have a high energy intensity associated with the mean pressure and flow. Accompanying the mean pressure is the dynamic pressure ripple, which is caused by the action of pumps and actuators. Pressure ripple is a deterministic source with a periodic time-domain behavior conducive to energy harvesting. An energy harvester prototype was designed for generating low-power electricity from pressure ripples. The prototype employed an axially-poled off-the-shelf piezoelectric stack. A housing isolated the stack from the hydraulic fluid while maintaining a mechanical coupling allowing for dynamic-pressure-induced deflection of the stack. The prototype exhibited an off-resonance energy harvesting problem since the fundamental resonance of the piezoelectric stack was much higher than the frequency content of the pressure ripple. The prototype was designed to provide a suitable power output for powering sensors with a maximum output of 1.2 mW. This work also presents electromechanical model simulations and experimental characterization of the piezoelectric power output from the pressure ripple in terms of the force transmitted into the harvester.
Paralleled Three-Phase Current-Source Rectifiers for High-Efficiency Power Supply Applications (2014)

This paper presents the paralleling operation of three-phase current-source rectifiers (CSRs) as the front-end power conversion stage of data center power supply systems based on 400- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{V}_{\rm dc} $</tex-math></inline-formula> power delivery architecture, which has been proven to have higher efficiency than traditional ac architectures. A control algorithm of paralleled three-phase CSRs is introduced to achieve balanced outputs and individual rectifier module hot swap, which are required by power supply systems. By using silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors, SiC MOSFETs, and Schottky diodes, the power losses of the front-end stage are reduced, and the power supply system efficiency can be further increased. The prototype of a 19-kW front-end rectifier to convert 480 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{V}_{{\rm ac},{\rm rms}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 400 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{V}_{\rm dc} $</tex-math></inline-formula> , based on three paralleled three-phase CSRs, is developed. Each CSR is an all-SiC converter and designed for high efficiency, and the front-end stage full-load efficiency is greater than 98% from experimental tests. The balanced outputs and individual converter hot swap are realized in the hardware prototype too.
A Compact-Disc-Compatible Digital Versatile Disc Pickup Using Annular Mask (1997)

An optical pickup has been developed for both digital versatile discs (DVD) and compact discs (CD) using an annular mask on an objective lens. A conventional lens without the annular mask has been optimized only for DVD disc with 0.6 mm-thickness. The intensity of the secondary peaks of the spot focused by the objective lens with an annular mask to a CD is reduced and the pickup is found to have large tolerance for disc tilt variation compared with a conventional objective lens without an annular mask.
Evaluation of a Chromogenic Culture Medium for Isolation of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> within 24 Hours (2010)

Rapid and effective methods for the isolation of Clostridium difficile from stool samples are desirable to obtain isolates for typing or to facilitate accurate diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. We report on the evaluation of a prototype chromogenic medium (ID C. difficile prototype [IDCd]) for isolation of C. difficile. The chromogenic medium was compared using (i) 368 untreated stool samples that were also inoculated onto CLO medium, (ii) 339 stool samples that were subjected to alcohol shock and also inoculated onto five distinct selective agars, and (iii) standardized suspensions of 10 C. difficile ribotypes (untreated and alcohol treated) that were also inoculated onto five distinct selective agars. Two hundred thirty-six isolates of C. difficile were recovered from 368 untreated stool samples, and all but 1 of these strains (99.6%) were recovered on IDCd within 24 h, whereas 74.6% of isolates were recovered on CLO medium after 48 h. Of 339 alcohol-treated stool samples cultured onto IDCd and five other selective agars, C. difficile was recovered from 218 samples using a combination of all media. The use of IDCd allowed recovery of 96.3% of isolates within 24 h, whereas 51 to 83% of isolates were recovered within 24 h using the five other media. Finally, when they were challenged with pure cultures, all 10 ribotypes of C. difficile generated higher colony counts on IDCd irrespective of alcohol pretreatment or duration of incubation. We conclude that IDCd is an effective medium for isolation of C. difficile from stool samples within 24 h.
Towards automatic classification of discourse elements in essays (2001)

Educators are interested in essay evaluation systems that include feedback about writing features that can facilitate the essay revision process. For instance, if the thesis statement of a student's essay could be automatically identified, the student could then use this information to reflect on the thesis statement with regard to its quality, and its relationship to other discourse elements in the essay. Using a relatively small corpus of manually annotated data, we use Bayesian classification to identify thesis statements. This method yields results that are much closer to human performance than the results produced by two baseline systems.
Image Restoration for Under-Display Camera (2020)

The new trend of full-screen devices encourages us to position a camera behind a screen. Removing the bezel and centralizing the camera under the screen brings larger display-to-body ratio and enhances eye contact in video chat, but also causes image degradation. In this paper, we focus on a newly-defined Under-Display Camera (UDC), as a novel real-world single image restoration problem. First, we take a 4k Transparent OLED (T-OLED) and a phone Pentile OLED (P-OLED) and analyze their optical systems to understand the degradation. Second, we design a Monitor-Camera Imaging System (MCIS) for easier real pair data acquisition, and a model-based data synthesizing pipeline to generate Point Spread Function (PSF) and UDC data only from display pattern and camera measurements. Finally, we resolve the complicated degradation using deconvolution-based pipeline and learning-based methods. Our model demonstrates a real-time high-quality restoration. The presented methods and results reveal the promising research values and directions of UDC.
Circulating tetrahydrobiopterin as a novel biomarker for abdominal aortic aneurysm (2014)

Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unpredictable and lethal. A clinically valid biomarker to monitor the disease has not been available. Based on our recent discoveries that uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency plays a causal role in various models of AAA, the present study examined the relationship between circulating and tissue levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (H 4 B) in angiotensin II-infused hyperphenylalaninemia (hph-1) and apoE null mice. For apoE null mice, tissue and plasma H 4 B levels decreased time dependently, to 2.69 ± 0.15 and 1.99 ± 0.06 pmol/mg, respectively (from 4.86 ± 0.32 and 3.31 ± 0.13 pmol/mg at baseline) by week 3, when aneurysms developed. For hph-1 mice, tissue and plasma H 4 B levels decreased significantly to 1.02 ± 0.10 and 0.98 ± 0.09 pmol/mg, respectively (from 1.84 ± 0.18 and 1.48 ± 0.12 pmol/mg at baseline), by week 1, when aneurysms developed. Oral folic acid administration, which has been shown to improve aortic H 4 B levels to completely prevent or markedly decrease the incidence of AAA, significantly increased tissue and plasma H 4 B levels in both animal models starting at week 1. The two H 4 B measurements at all conditions showed significant linear correlation, suggesting that plasma H 4 B accurately predicts its tissue levels when H 4 B is either reduced or enhanced. Together, these data demonstrate that H 4 B levels decrease with AAA development and increase with folic acid treatment in two different murine models of AAA and that plasma H 4 B levels accurately reflect H 4 B levels in the tissue, suggesting that circulating H 4 B levels may be used clinically as a novel and powerful biomarker for the development and response to treatment of AAA.
Near-UV electroluminescence in unipolar-doped, bipolar-tunneling GaN/AlN heterostructures (2017)

Cross-gap light emission is reported in n-type unipolar GaN/AlN double-barrier heterostructure diodes at room temperature. Three different designs were grown on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). All samples displayed a single electroluminescent spectral peak at 360 nm with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values no greater than 16 nm and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈0.0074% at 18.8 mA. In contrast to traditional GaN light emitters, p-type doping and p-contacts are completely avoided, and instead, holes are created in the GaN on the emitter side of the tunneling structure by direct interband (that is, Zener) tunneling from the valence band to the conduction band on the collector side. The Zener tunneling is enhanced by the high electric fields (~5 × 10<sup>6</sup> V cm<sup>-1</sup>) created by the notably large polarization-induced sheet charge at the interfaces between the AlN and GaN.
Improved methods of forming monolithic integrated circuits having complementary bipolar transistors (1971)

Two new processes form complementary transistors in monolithic semiconductor circuits, require fewer steps /infusions/ than previous methods, and eliminate such problems as nonuniform h sub FE distribution, low yield, and large device formation.
Novel, Potent, and Radio-Iodinatable Somatostatin Receptor 1 (sst<sub>1</sub>) Selective Analogues (2009)

The proposed sst(1) pharmacophore (J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 523-533) derived from the NMR structures of a family of mono- and dicyclic undecamers was used to design octa-, hepta-, and hexamers with high affinity and selectivity for the somatostatin sst(1) receptor. These compounds were tested for their in vitro binding properties to all five somatostatin (SRIF) receptors using receptor autoradiography; those with high SRIF receptor subtype 1 (sst(1)) affinity and selectivity were shown to be agonists when tested functionally in a luciferase reporter gene assay. Des-AA(1,4-6,10,12,13)-[DTyr(2),DAgl(NMe,2naphthoyl)(8),IAmp(9)]-SRIF-Thr-NH(2) (25) was radio-iodinated ((125)I-25) and specifically labeled sst(1)-expressing cells and tissues. 3D NMR structures were calculated for des-AA(1,4-6,10,12,13)-[DPhe(2),DTrp(8),IAmp(9)]-SRIF-Thr-NH(2) (16), des-AA(1,2,4-6,10,12,13)-[DAgl(NMe,2naphthoyl)(8),IAmp(9)]-SRIF-Thr-NH(2) (23), and des-AA(1,2,4-6,10,12,13)-[DAgl(NMe,2naphthoyl)(8),IAmp(9),Tyr(11)]-SRIF-NH(2) (27) in DMSO. Though the analogues have the sst(1) pharmacophore residues at the previously determined distances from each other, the positioning of the aromatic residues in 16, 23, and 27 is different from that described earlier, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for sst(1) binding of these novel, less constrained sst(1)-selective family members.