gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Device for the Simultaneous Measurement of the Available Toner Concentration and Toner Charge of Dry Electrophotographic Developer (1983)

Toner concentration and charge/mass of dry electrographic developers are important parameters in the electrophotographic process, relating to both image density and image quality. An apparatus has been developed which allows for the simultaneous determination of these two parameters in a precise and rapid manner. The analysis is essentially a dry gravimetric procedure in which toner concentration is determined by measuring the weight of toner removed by vacuum sieving a known weight of developer. The charge developed as a result of the sieving operation is monitored, and the charge/mass of the toner removed is calculated.
Synthesis of Tetramethoxysilane from Silica and Methanol Using Carbon Dioxide and an Organic Dehydrating Reagent (2016)

A new efficient method of synthesizing tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) directly from silica (SiO2) and methanol was developed using a base catalyst and 2,2-dimethoxypropane (acetal) as an organic dehydrating reagent. Carbon dioxide significantly accelerated the reaction. TMOS was obtained in good yield from SiO2 in 24 h using stoichiometric or excess amounts of the acetal with a good material balance. The TMOS synthesis from a natural silica substrate, such as rice hull ash is described.
Data from Suppression of Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis Using an MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) PDZ1 Small-Molecule Inhibitor (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Metastasis is the primary determinant of death in patients with diverse solid tumors and MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP), a pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic gene, contributes to this process. Recently, we documented that by physically interacting with IGF-1R, MDA-9/Syntenin activates STAT3 and regulates prostate cancer pathogenesis. These observations firmly established MDA-9/Syntenin as a potential molecular target in prostate cancer. MDA-9/Syntenin contains two highly homologous PDZ domains predicted to interact with a plethora of proteins, many of which are central to the cancerous process. An MDA-9/Syntenin PDZ1 domain-targeted small molecule (PDZ1i) was previously developed using fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) guided by NMR spectroscopy and was found to be well-tolerated <i>in vivo</i>, had significant half-life (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 9 hours) and displayed substantial anti-prostate cancer preclinical <i>in vivo</i> activity. PDZ1i blocked tumor cell invasion and migration <i>in vitro</i>, and metastasis <i>in vivo</i>. Hence, we demonstrate that PDZ1i an MDA-9/Syntenin PDZ1 target-specific small-molecule inhibitor displays therapeutic potential for prostate and potentially other cancers expressing elevated levels of MDA-9/Syntenin.</p></div>
Real-time Raman system for in vivo disease diagnosis (2005)

Raman spectroscopy has been well established as a powerful in vitro method for studying biological tissue and diagnosing disease. The recent development of efficient, high-throughput, low-background optical fiber Raman probes provides, for the first time, the opportunity to obtain real-time performance in the clinic. We present an instrument for in vivo tissue analysis which is capable of collecting and processing Raman spectra in less than 2 s. This is the first demonstration that data acquisition, analysis, and diagnostics can be performed in clinically relevant times. The instrument is designed to work with the new Raman probes and includes custom written LabVIEW and Matlab programs to provide accurate spectral calibration, analysis, and diagnosis along with important safety features related to laser exposure. The real-time capabilities of the system were demonstrated in vivo during femoral bypass and breast lumpectomy surgeries. Such a system will greatly facilitate the adoption of Raman spectroscopy into clinical research and practice.
Adaptive Mesh Booleans (2016)

We present a new method for performing Boolean operations on volumes represented as triangle meshes. In contrast to existing methods which treat meshes as 3D polyhedra and try to partition the faces at their exact intersection curves, we treat meshes as adaptive surfaces which can be arbitrarily refined. Rather than depending on computing precise face intersections, our approach refines the input meshes in the intersection regions, then discards intersecting triangles and fills the resulting holes with high-quality triangles. The original intersection curves are approximated to a user-definable precision, and our method can identify and preserve creases and sharp features. Advantages of our approach include the ability to trade speed for accuracy, support for open meshes, and the ability to incorporate tolerances to handle cases where large numbers of faces are slightly inter-penetrating or near-coincident.
Special Nuclear Material detection with a water Cherenkov based detector (2008)

Fission events from Special Nuclear Material (SNM), such as highly enriched uranium or plutonium, produce a number of neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. Assuming the neutron multiplicity is approximately Poissonian with an average of 2 to 3, the observation of time correlations between these particles from a cargo container would constitute a robust signature of the presence of SNM inside. However, in order to be sensitive to the multiplicity, one would require a high total efficiency. There are two approaches to maximize the total efficiency; maximizing the detector efficiency or maximizing the detector solid angle coverage. The advanced detector group at LLNL is investigating one way to maximize the detector size. We are designing and building a water Cerenkov based gamma and neutron detector for the purpose of developing an efficient and cost effective way to deploy a large solid angle car wash style detector. We report on our progress in constructing a larger detector and also present preliminary results from our prototype detector that indicates detection of neutrons.
Incorporation of<sup>14</sup>C-Amino Acids into Nocardicin A by Growing Cells (1977)

The biosynthesis of nocardicin A by Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsuyamanensis was studied. l-Tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, dl-p-hydroxymandelic acid and l-p-hydroxyphenyl-glycine have stimulatory effect on the production of nocardicin A. In feeding experiment with 14C-amino acids, l-tyrosine-U-14C, l-serine-U-14C, glycine-U-14C and l-homoserine-U-14C were incorporated into nocardicin A. Tyrosine was incorporated into the two aromatic rings of nocardicin A, serine into the β-lactam ring and homoserine into the 3-amino-3-carboxypropoxy moiety. Thus the precursors of nocardicin A are tyrosine, serine and homoserine.
High electron mobility 18,300 cm/sup 2//V·s InAlAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic structure by channel indium composition modulation (2002)

We have successfully obtained the highest electron mobility yet reported for an InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructure using an indium composition modulated channel. With this channel, we have successfully obtained an In/sub 0.8/Ga/sub 0.2/As (2 nm)/InAs (4 nm)/In/sub 0.8/Ga/sub 0.2/As (4 nm) channel within InGaAs layers, with smooth In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.8/Ga/sub 0.2/As/InAs/In/sub 0.8/Ga/sub 0.2/As heterointerfaces. The thick, high In-content channel in our new structure produced superior electron confinement, contributing to the highest room temperature mobility yet reported for InP-based pseudomorphic InAlAs/InGaAs heterostructures.
Stability of Pulse Emission and Enhancement of Intracavity Second-Harmonic Generation in Self-Mode-Locked Quantum Cascade Lasers (2004)

We report the observation of stable pulse emission and enhancement of intracavity second-harmonic generation (SHG) in self-mode-locked quantum cascade (QC) lasers. Down-conversion of the detector signal by heterodyning with an RF signal allows the direct observation of the pulsed laser emission in the time domain and reveals a stable train of pulses characteristic of mode-locked lasers. The onset of self-mode locking in QC lasers with built-in optical nonlinearity results in a significant increase of the SHG signal. A pulse duration of /spl sim/12 ps is estimated from the measured increase of the SHG signal in pulsed emission compared to the power expected for the SHG signal in CW emission. This value is in good agreement with the pulse duration deduced from the optical spectral width.
Dynamic Time Allocation and Wavelength Assignment in Next Generation Multi-Rate Multi-Wavelength Passive Optical Networks (2010)

Driven by emerging bandwidth-hungry applications, next generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs) provide higher bandwidth to users by using more wavelengths and increasing data rates of optical network units (ONUs). On the other hand, for smooth upgrading, NG-PON is desired to be backward compatible with the current TDM PONs where data rates of ONUs remain unchanged. Thus, both high-rate ONUs and low-rate ONUs may coexist in NG-PON. The key parameters of bandwidth allocation in this multi-rate multi-wavelength network include achieving fairness among all ONUs, encouraging low-rate ONUs to increase their data rates, and utilizing wavelength resources efficiently. This paper illustrates contributions in three main aspects. First, we define rate-dependent utilities for ONUs, which serve as the basis for bandwidth arbitration among low-rate and high-rate ONUs. Second, to achieve fairness among ONUs, we employ water-filling idea and formulate a utility max-min fair bandwidth allocation scheme. Third, to efficiently utilize the wavelengths, we map the resource allocation problem in multi-wavelength PON into a multi-processor scheduling problem and employ a heuristic algorithm to address the NP-hard wavelength assignment problem.
Topology-based orientation analysis of trabecular bone networks (2003)

After bone mineral density, orientation is the major determinant of trabecular bone strength and is thus of significant interest in understanding the clinical implications of osteoporotic bone loss. The methods used to measure orientation and anisotropy of the trabecular bone have largely relied on deriving global measures along test lines, computing the best-fit ellipsoid, and decomposing to eigenvalue-eigenvector pairs that yield the mean orientation and anisotropy of the region. These techniques ignore the differences between measuring the orientation of trabecular plates versus rods, and do not provide insight into the relationship between local orientation and biomechanical stresses. Digital topological analysis allows a unique determination of each voxel's topological class as belonging to a plate, rod, or junction. The digital topology-based orientation analysis (DTA-O) method extracts the voxels belonging to plates and determines the local surface normal by fitting a plane through the local neighborhood BVF map. Modeling regional distributions of these vectors allows assessment of anisotropy measures, such as mean and variance of the orientation distribution. High-resolution microcomputed tomography, synthetic, and in vivo images were used for a validation of the new method and compare the results with the mean intercept length (MIL) technique. The results indicate that DTA-O is a better measure of trabecular orientation and anisotropy than MIL. Applying DTA-O to a recently completed study on the distal radius of 82 subjects [F.W. Wehrli et al., J. Bone Min. Res. 16, 1520 (2001)] shows that the mean orientation and anisotropy at the medial and lateral sides in the distal radius mataphyseal trabecular network are consistent with the mechanical stresses acting on the radius during common tasks.
Four Genes of <i>Medicago truncatula</i> Controlling Components of a Nod Factor Transduction Pathway (2000)

Rhizobium nodulation (Nod) factors are lipo-chitooligosaccharides that act as symbiotic signals, eliciting several key developmental responses in the roots of legume hosts. Using nodulation-defective mutants of Medicago truncatula, we have started to dissect the genetic control of Nod factor transduction. Mutants in four genes (DMI1, DMI2, DMI3, and NSP) were pleiotropically affected in Nod factor responses, indicating that these genes are required for a Nod factor-activated signal transduction pathway that leads to symbiotic responses such as root hair deformations, expressions of nodulin genes, and cortical cell divisions. Mutant analysis also provides evidence that Nod factors have a dual effect on the growth of root hair: inhibition of endogenous (plant) tip growth, and elicitation of a novel tip growth dependent on (bacterial) Nod factors. dmi1, dmi2, and dmi3 mutants are also unable to establish a symbiotic association with endomycorrhizal fungi, indicating that there are at least three common steps to nodulation and endomycorrhization in M. truncatula and providing further evidence for a common signaling pathway between nodulation and mycorrhization.
Slicing and Adding of Short Microwave Pulse by Laser Produced Plasma (2002)

We have demonstrated short microwave pulse generation (∼ 4 ns) from a long pulse microwave source (9 GHz) by laser-produced overdenseplasma. The cw microwave propagating in the waveguide was sliced bylaser-produced plasma at two different points along the waveguide andthe generated pulse duration was defined by the group velocity of themicrowave in the waveguide and the length between twopoints. Furthermore, we obtained twice the power of the pulse by addingthe two pulses generated by this mechanism. The results are in good agreementwith theory.
Advantage of fat-derived CD73 positive cells from multiple human tissues, prospective isolated mesenchymal stromal cells (2020)

Somatic stem cells have been isolated from multiple human tissues for their potential usefulness in cell therapy. Currently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are prepared after several passages requiring a few months of cell culture. In this study, we used a prospective isolation method of somatic stem cells from gestational or fat tissues, which were identified using CD73 antibody. CD73-positive population from various tissues existed individually in flowcytometric pattern, especially subcutaneous fat- and amniotic-derived cells showed the highest enrichment of CD73-positive cells. Moreover, the cell populations isolated with the prospective method showed higher proliferative capacity and stem cell marker expression, compared to the cell populations which isolated through several passages of culturing whole living cells: which we named "conventional method" in this paper. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of CD73-positive cells was evaluated in vivo using a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. After intranasal administration, murine CD73-positive cells reduced macrophage infiltration and inhibited fibrosis development. These results suggest that further testing using CD73-positive cells may be beneficial to help establish the place in regenerative medicine use.
Backfilling Using Runtime Predictions Rather Than User Estimates (2005)

The most commonly used scheduling algorithm for parallel supercomputers is FCFS with backfilling, as originally introduced in the EASY scheduler. Backfilling means that short jobs are allowed to run ahead of their time provided they do not delay previously queued jobs (or at least the first queued job). To make such determinations possible, users are required to provide estimates of how long jobs will run, and jobs that violate these estimates are killed. Empirical studies have repeatedly shown that user estimates are inaccurate, and that history-based system generated predictions may be significantly better. Remarkably, predictions were never incorporated into production schedulers. One reason explaining this anomaly is studies claiming inaccuracy is actually good for performance. More important is the fact no study overcame the difficulty of what to do when job runtimes exceed system generated predictions: with backfilling such jobs are killed, but users will not tolerate jobs being killed just because system predictions were too short. We solve this problem by divorcing kill-time from the runtime prediction. To make this work, predictions need to be corrected adaptively if proved wrong. The end result is a surprisingly simple scheduler we call EASY++, which requires minimal deviations from current practices (e.g. using FCFS as the basis), and behaves exactly like EASY as far as users are concerned. Nevertheless it achieves significant improvements in performance, predictability, and accuracy, and we argue it can (and in our opinion should) replace the default currently in use on production systems. In addition, our techniques can be used to enhance any backfilling algorithm previously suggested.
Non-uniformity correction of IR images using natural scene statistics (2015)

Infrared images are commonly afflicted by distortions such as non-uniformity. Non-uniformity is characterized by horizontal and vertical fixed pattern noise. Accurately estimating the amount of non-uniformity present in an image and removing that amount of non-uniformity noise are open problems. Several estimators of non-uniformity exist, but their ability to estimate degrades with the presence of other sources of noise. Specifically, most of these metrics lack the robustness demanded by a more complete non-uniformity model. Previous non-uniformity correction algorithms are compared and found to underperform relative to a more complete model of non-uniformity that we have developed. Using this model, we have created a new denoising algorithm, which we call the Gaussian scale mixture perceptual pattern denoiser. The new model and algorithm can fully characterize non-uniformity using covariance matrices.
Towards a new perceptual coding paradigm for audio signals (2004)

A new frequency domain approach to coding audio signals is introduced. The bit assignment strategy is aimed at reducing the perceived loudness difference between the original signal and the coded signal. As such it uses perceptual effects (spread excitation patterns), but does not directly invoke masking results. At low bit rates, examples coded with the new approach sound better than a more traditional bit allocation based on noise-to-mask ratio.
Valuation of Technology and Information for Reservoir Risk Management (2002)

Abstract Reservoir risk management involves optimizing assets given inherent reservoir uncertainties and minimizing risk by reducing these uncertainties. The decision to implement any reservoir management technology is usually based on a cost-benefit analysis. Consequently, the correct valuation of valueadding technology (often based on net present value) becomes a significant part of a reservoir management process. A crucial underlying factor in such an analysis is the uncertainty in the reservoir model and its properties, and in the financial variables associated with the asset. The former includes, for example, uncertainty in properties such as reservoir geometry or permeability in the reservoir, while the latter refers to uncertainty in financial parameters such as discount rate or hydrocarbon price. This paper discusses techniques for valuation of technology and information related to reservoir risk management. For demonstration purposes, these techniques are applied to valuation of real-time control and monitoring technologies in a reservoir with multiple uncertainties in its physical properties. Because of the presence of these uncertainties, value quantification requires a stochastic optimization of the reservoir production strategy, where the objective function includes a risk-aversion factor. By applying these techniques one can generate a decision-making table that shows the benefit of implementing a technology at various confidence levels. One can then further extend the analysis to estimate the added value to the reservoir if the uncertainties were to be reduced (or even eliminated) by implementing appropriate monitoring technologies. This process enables quantification of the value of information and is useful in designing monitoring strategies. Such techniques are applicable in cost-benefit analysis and other decision-making activities for both a deterministic and a stochastic approach to reservoir management. They can therefore be used as tools for the valuation, pricing, and marketing of technology.
Synthesis and antileukemic activity of N-enamine derivatives of daunorubicin, 5-iminodaunorubicin, and doxorubicin. (1988)

Eleven N-enamine derivatives of daunorubicin and of its 5-imino analogue as well as of doxorubicin have been synthesized and evaluated for antileukemic activity in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of biological activities of examined compounds with other enamine derivatives of daunorubicin, reported earlier by us, has indicated that the optimal activity is shown by N-(1-carboethoxypropen-1-yl-2)daunorubicin.
Assignment Strategies for Mobile Data Users in Hierarchical Overlay Networks: Performance of Optimal and Adaptive Strategies (2004)

Hierarchical wireless overlay networks have been proposed as an attractive alternative and extension of cellular network architectures to provide the necessary cell capacities to effectively support next-generation wireless data applications. In addition, they allow for flexible mobility management strategies and quality-of-service differentiation. One of the crucial problems in hierarchical overlay networks is the assignment of wireless data users to the different layers of the overlay architecture. In this paper, we present a framework and several analytical results pertaining to the performance of two assignment strategies based on the user's velocity and the amount of data to be transmitted. The main contribution is to prove that the minimum average number of users in the system, as well as the minimum expected system load for an incoming user, are the same under both assignment strategies. We provide explicit analytical expressions as well as unique characterizations of the optimal thresholds on the velocity and amount of data to be transmitted. These results are very general and hold for any distribution of user profiles and any call arrival rates. We also show that intelligent assignment strategies yield significant gains over strategies that are oblivious to the user profiles. Adaptive and on-line strategies are derived that do not require any a priori knowledge of the user population and the network parameters. Extensive simulations are conducted to support the theoretical results presented and conclude that the on-line strategies achieve near-optimal performance when compared with off-line strategies.