gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and expression of a human growth hormone (somatotropin) gene mutated to change cysteine‐165 to alanine (1985)

We have mutated a synthetic human growth hormone (hGH) gene specifically at the codon for Cys-165 to a codon for Ala by replacement of synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides corresponding to this site. This modification prevented the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys-53 and Cys-165 in the hGH molecule. This mutated protein, [Ala165]hGH was expressed at the same level as the intact hGH, 4 X 10(5) molecules per cell under the control of the tryptophan promoter in Escherichia coli, and retained similar immunological activity to intact hGH. The limited digestion pattern of the mutated protein with human plasmin suggests that the tertiary structure of [Ala165]hGH resembles to that of the intact hGH molecule. [Ala165]hGH revealed full biological activity as examined by the body weight increase of hypophysectomized rats.
Assessing drug efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum liver stages in vivo (2018)

Malaria eradication necessitates new tools to fight the evolving and complex Plasmodium pathogens. These tools include prophylactic drugs that eliminate Plasmodium liver stages and consequently prevent clinical disease, decrease transmission, and reduce the propensity for resistance development. Currently, the identification of these drugs relies on in vitro P. falciparum liver stage assays or in vivo causal prophylaxis assays using rodent malaria parasites; there is no method to directly test in vivo liver stage activity of candidate antimalarials against the human malaria-causing parasite P. falciparum. Here, we use a liver-chimeric humanized mouse (FRG huHep) to demonstrate in vivo P. falciparum liver stage development and describe the efficacy of clinically used and candidate antimalarials with prophylactic activity. We show that daily administration of atovaquone-proguanil (ATQ-PG; ATQ, 30 mg/kg, and PG, 10 mg/kg) protects 5 of 5 mice from liver stage infection, consistent with the use in humans as a causal prophylactic drug. Single-dose primaquine (60 mg/kg) has similar activity to that observed in humans, demonstrating the activity of this drug (and its active metabolites) in FRG huHep mice. We also show that DSM265, a selective Plasmodial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor with causal prophylactic activity in humans, reduces liver stage burden in FRG huHep mice. Finally, we measured liver stage-to-blood stage transition of the parasite, the ultimate readout of prophylactic activity and measurement of infective capacity of parasites in the liver, to show that ATQ-PG reduces blood stage patency to below the limit of quantitation by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The FRG huHep model, thus, provides a platform for preclinical evaluation of drug candidates for liver stage causal prophylactic activity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies, and biological studies to investigate the mechanism of action of liver stage active antimalarials.
Proliferative activation of quiescent Rat-1A cells by delta FosB. (1993)

Fos and Jun transcription factors are induced during the normal course of the proliferative response of quiescent cells to serum or to growth factors. We have shown that delta FosB, an alternatively spliced form of FosB, is formed as rapidly as FosB in serum-stimulated Rat-1A cells. Although delta FosB lacks the C-terminal region of FosB carrying the transactivation function, constitutive expression of delta FosB transforms Rat-1A cells as does expression of FosB. The transforming ability of delta FosB suggests that delta FosB may lead to proliferative activation of quiescent cells without activating AP-1-responsive genes. To address this question, FosB or delta FosB was expressed as a fusion protein with the ligand binding domain of the human estrogen receptor (ER) in Rat-1A cells. After estrogen treatment, the fusion protein accumulates in nuclei and forms stable complexes with Jun proteins. We have shown that ER-delta FosB or to a lesser extent ER-FosB triggers quiescent Rat-1A cells to transit G1, initiate DNA replication, and ultimately undergo cell division at least once. Since ER-FosB, but not ER-delta FosB, induced expression of the AP-1-responsive transin/stromelysin gene, we concluded that the N-terminal region and the DNA binding domain of FosB or delta FosB itself have the potential to regulate cell proliferation and that the transactivation function carried by the C-terminal region of FosB is not essential for the proliferative activation of quiescent cells.
Velocity and torque profile optimization of electric vehicle including limited overload (2016)

This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization methodology for speed and torque trajectories of a light electric vehicle (LEV) traveling on a specific open route. The procedure introduced accounts for speed constraints and various elevation profiles and involves determination of the overload operation tolerances. The LEV under consideration comprises an in-wheel surface mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) motor, dimensioned in terms of cruise efficiency maximization and size minimization. Therefore, the tolerated limited overloading is appropriately managed in order to avoid excessive winding overheat, which could compromise the drivetrain reliability. The proposed technique facilitates the detection of alternative trade-offs between energy and time savings for a predefined track circuit. The method is based on particular segmentation of the itinerary and involves a two step procedure. In a first step speed optimization is performed by tolerating more important overloading while in a second step the torque overload limits per segment are appropriately tuned with respect to the reference mean speed. Simulations based on a LEV dynamic model illustrated significant savings for both trip duration and energy consumption with respect to the classic constant-speed control technique.
Quantification of tumor virulence based upon competition between dissimilar subcultured cancer cell lines (2020)

Purpose: A direct quantitative metric that represents the intrinsic virulent properties of a particular tumor is absent, and the development of such a numeric modifier would balance the disproportionate weight of qualitative elements that presently monopolize the nomenclature of cancer. To address this shortcoming, an in vitro model was developed to study the competitive nature of dissimilar cancer cell lines. Methods: A prospective series of surgically excised and pathologically confirmed malignant tumors were separated from their adherent state and subcultured according to international standards. After a total of 7 different tumor cell lines were established, each cell line was paired with a dissimilar cancer cell line, and by using all possible combinations, a total of 21 unique tumor pairs were assessed over 7 days after plating on diametrically opposed sections of gridded Petri dishes containing enriched growth medium. Each dish was then examined for changes in tumor cell position on the grid, and a scoring system was established that awarded points for aggressive behaviors. Results: Ovarian cancer, lymphoma, and lung cancers demonstrated overall dominance, with wins in at least 2/3 of their matches. Breast and kidney cancers were intermediate in performance, and gastric and colon cancers were subordinate in the majority of their matches. Discussion: This pilot experiment revealed that intercellular competition exists between previously untreated, subcultured, and dissimilar tumor cells in this in vitro assay. Moreover, such intercellular competition and the unilateral dominance of specific cancer tissue types have not been previously reported in the literature.
Comparative Evaluation of Three-Phase Current Source Inverters for Grid Interfacing of Distributed and Renewable Energy Systems (2010)

Despite the rapid growth of self-commutated inverter technology, the well-known current source inverter (CSI) has not achieved significant practical application so far. This raised the question regarding the fundamental criteria that could either prevent or promote the use of such inverters, especially considering emerging fields of application such as grid integration of renewable sources. This paper will, thus, focus on a systematic comparison between circuits based on the CSI and voltage source inverter (VSI). For such purpose, dimensionless benchmark factors were derived. The pulse width-modulated CSI with its inherent step-up capability alongside the indirect CSI (ICSI) with only two high-frequency switches features very interesting characteristics in terms of low switching losses and high inductor power density. However, both topologies show constraints with respect to the provision of reactive power. Two experimental setups have been implemented demonstrating the technical feasibility of different CSI solutions as a grid interface.
Autonomous vehicles testing methods review (2016)

Driving test is critical to the deployment of autonomous vehicles. It is necessary to review the related works since the methodologies summaries are rare, which will help to set up an integrated method for autonomous driving test in different development stages, and help to provide a reliable, quick, safe, low cost and reproducible method and accelerate the development of autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we review the related autonomous driving test works, including autonomous vehicle functional verification, vehicle integrated testing, system validation in different architectures. This review work will be helpful for autonomous vehicle development.
Retinoic acid generated by <i>Raldh2</i> in mesoderm is required for mouse dorsal endodermal pancreas development (2005)

Studies on nonmammalian vertebrate embryos have indicated that retinoic acid (RA) is required for pancreas development. We have analyzed mouse embryos carrying a null mutation of the gene encoding retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), which controls RA synthesis. Raldh2-/- embryos specifically lack expression of Pdx1 (a homeobox gene required for pancreas development) and Prox1 in dorsal endodermal but not ventral endodermal pancreatic precursor tissues. Ventral endodermal expression of Hex is not affected in Raldh2-/- embryos, indicating that liver specification is not dependent upon RA. Also, expression of Foxa2 across the dorsoventral axis of the endoderm is not affected in Raldh2-/- embryos, indicating that a lack of RA does not cause a general defect in foregut endoderm development. Comparison of wild-type and Raldh2-/- embryos carrying an RA-reporter transgene demonstrates that RA activity is normally present throughout the endoderm except in the ventral-most region but is totally missing in endoderm of Raldh2-/- embryos. Thus, Raldh2 expressed in adjacent splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm provides an RA signal to dorsal endoderm. Dorsal Pdx1 expression is rescued in Raldh2-/- embryos by low-dose maternal administration of RA, which preferentially restores RA-reporter expression in the dorsal endoderm. Our findings demonstrate a specific role for RA in mouse embryos as a mesodermally synthesized signal needed for dorsal endodermal expression of Pdx1 during development of the dorsal pancreatic lineage.
Power System State Forecasting via Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (2019)

State forecasting plays a critical role in power system monitoring, by offering system awareness even ahead of the time horizon, enhancing system observability, and providing efficient identification of the grid topology and link parameter changes. However, available approaches relying on linear estimators or single-hidden-layer feed-forward neural networks (FNNs), cannot capture long-term nonlinear dependencies in the voltage time series, and lead to suboptimal performance. To bypass these hurdles, this paper advocates deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for power system state forecasting. Deep RNNs capture long-term dependencies, and are easy to implement. By also leveraging the physics behind power systems, a novel architecture based on prox-linear nets (RPLN) is further developed for state forecasting based on past measurements. Simulated tests show improved performance of the proposed RNN and RPLN predictors when compared to FNN and vector autoregression based alternatives.
Mary Ann Chance Memorial Paper: The Chiropractor as Portrayed in American Cartoons - 1910-2010 (2011)

The author examined the portrayal of chiropractors in cartoons published in non-chiropractic sources within the United States. A total of 162 cartoons published during the period 1910 to 2010 were analyzed chronologically and topically. The author analyzed the appearance, behavior, treatment methods and efficacy of the chiropractor as depicted in the cartoon, and determined that there had been a change in the way chiropractic was presented in the cartoon medium. The author determined there was a pattern of less negativity (50% to 45%) toward chiropractic as a profession and more acceptance of chiropractic. Many of the cartoons (54) dealt with the causes of patients' complaints, 25 were a play on words, and 29 referred to procedures used by a chiropractor. Other categories included sounds produced during an adjustment (12), types of spines (11), name calling or prejudice (5), and results obtained (4).
Iris Liveness Detection by Relative Distance Comparisons (2017)

The focus of this paper is on presentation attack detection for the iris biometrics, which measures the pattern within the colored concentric circle of the subjects' eyes, to authenticate an individual to a generic user verification system. Unlike previous deep learning methods that use single convolutional neural network architectures, this paper develops a framework built upon triplet convolutional networks that takes as input two real iris patches and a fake patch or two fake patches and a genuine patch. The aim is to increase the number of training samples and to generate a representation that separates the real from the fake iris patches. The smaller architecture provides a way to do early stopping based on the liveness of single patches rather than the whole image. The matching is performed by computing the distance with respect to a reference set of real and fake examples. The proposed approach allows for real-time processing using a smaller network and provides equal or better than state-of-the-art performance on three benchmark datasets of photo-based and contact lens presentation attacks.
Temperature and strain-independent curvature sensor based on a singlemode/multimode fiber optic structure (2011)

This work describes a fiber optic sensing structure that is sensitive to curvature, and features a low temperature- and strain cross-sensitivity. It is based on multimode interference, and relies on a singlemode–step index multimode–singlemode fiber structure. It was observed that the transmitted optical power in such a layout is highly sensitive to the wavelength of operation, and to the length of the multimode fiber. The optical spectrum exhibits two dominant loss bands, at wavelengths that have similar responses both to temperature and strain, but different responses to curvature. Based on this result, an interrogation approach is proposed that permits substantial sensitivity to curvature (8.7 ± 0.1 nm m) and residual sensitivities to temperature and strain (0.3 ± 0.1 pm °C−1 and (−0.06 ± 0.01) × 10−6 m m−1, respectively). The beam-propagation method was employed for modeling the propagation of light along the optical fiber sensing device proposed.
Video analytics using beyond CMOS devices (2014)

The human vision system understands and interprets complex scenes for a variety of visual tasks in real-time while consuming less than 20 Watts of power. The holistic design of artificial vision systems that will approach and eventually exceed the capabilities of human vision systems is a grand challenge. The design of such a system needs advances in multiple disciplines. This paper focuses on advances needed in the computational fabric and provides an overview of a new-genre of architectures inspired by advances in both the understanding of the visual cortex and the emergence of devices with new mechanisms for state computations.
General River Routing Algorithm (1983)

A general and practical river routing algorithm is described. It is assumed that there is one layer for routing and terminals are on the boundaries of an arbitrarily shaped rectilinear routing region. All nets are two-terminal nets with pre-assigned (may be different) widths and no crossover between nets is allowed. The minimum separation between the edges of two adjacent wires is input as the design rule. This algorithm assumes no grid on the plane and will always generate a solution if a solution exists. The number of corners is reduced by flipping of corners. An analysis to determine the minimum space required for a strait-type river routing problem is included. Let B be the number of boundary segments and T be the total number of terminals. The time complexity is of O(T(B+T) /sup 2/) and the storage required is O((B+T) /sup 2/). This algorithm is implemented as part of the design station under development at the University of California, Berkeley.
An expert system for Karnaugh map minimization (2002)

The author presents an intelligent system to minimize Boolean functions by using the Karnaugh map method. The methodology is illustrated through the use of a four-variable Karnaugh map. A rule-based expert system for Karnaugh map minimization is presented. Rule transformation, the rule map, and inverse rule transformation are introduced. For four-variable Karnaugh maps, sixteen rules are specified. The relationships among these rules are also presented. These sixteen minimization rules form a Boolean algebra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual-Carrier Noncontact Vital Sign Detection With a Noise Suppression Scheme Based on Phase-Locked Loop (2016)

We present a dual-carrier vital sign detection scheme based on phase-locked loop to automatically reduce the noise introduced by residual phase noise and transmission paths. Two phase-locked microwave signals at 5.76 and 5.68 GHz are adopted to suppress noise and extract the vital sign, respectively. When the feedback beat signal is locked to the highly stable low-noise reference, the residual phase noise and path noise of the corresponding 5.76-GHz wave are reduced, providing low-noise circumstances for the 5.68-GHz carrier, which has the same path. Additionally, the 5.68-GHz carrier is phase modulated by the vital sign, thus its demodulation leads to a vital sign of low noise level and high spectral purity. The experimental results show that our system based on discrete components introduces no extra noise, has a 12-dB improvement in the signal to noise ratio at the 10-Hz frequency offset, and can effectively measure both respiration and heartbeat signals in four physical orientations at a distance of 50 cm. In addition, by suppressing the residual phase noise and path noise, the detection distance of the weak heartbeat signal from the front of the human subject is extended to at least 250 cm, which is more than double the distance of a system without the noise suppression scheme.
Mega-Sporting Events in Developing Nations: Playing the Way to Prosperity? (2004)

This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics Department at CrossWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in
High Lithium Ionic Conductivity in the Lithium Halide Hydrates Li<sub>3‐<i>n</i></sub>(OH<sub><i>n</i></sub>)Cl (0.83≤<i>n</i>≤2) and Li<sub>3‐<i>n</i></sub>(OH<sub><i>n</i></sub>)Br (1≤<i>n</i>≤2) at Ambient Temperatures (2003)

Lithium ionic conductivity and phase transitions in a series of lithium halides hydrates and hydroxides with general formula Li3-n(OHn)X (0.83 < or = n < or = 2; X = Cl,Br) were studied using impedance measurements and 1H and 7Li NMR spectroscopy. All compounds studied in this work crystallize in the antiperovskite structure or are closely related to this structure type. With the exception of LiCl. H2O, all compounds with integer lithium content exhibit good lithium ionic conductivity in their high temperature cubic phases above T = 33 degrees C. Lithium doping of samples LiX.H2O and Li2(OH)X leads to a suppression of the phase transition into the noncubic phases and the good ionic conductivity is extended down to lower temperatures (T < 0 degree C). Thus, lithium doping of the lithium halide hydrates provides a promising tool for tailoring the ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures to its optimum value.
Low-Cost Ultrasound Thermometry for HIFU Therapy Using CNN (2018)

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)is a noninvasive thermal therapy used for hyperthermia and ablation treatments. Temperature monitoring is important for those procedures to induce a necessary amount of thermal dose to the target area without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. To this end, various medical imaging techniques have been proposed. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a high accuracy temperature monitoring feature. Ultrasound is a favorable medical imaging modality for thermal monitoring due to its cost-effectiveness, accessibility and non-ionizing radiation. The speed of sound and attenuation of ultrasound waves varies with the temperature, so temperature can be measured using those ultrasound physical properties. In the previous work, we developed an ultrasound thermal monitoring method for HIFU using an external ultrasound element. The system only requires simple hardware additions such as the external ultrasound sensor and computation units, providing a temperature monitoring method at a reduced cost. However, since we use only few external ultrasound sensors, the collected time of flight information is sparse. Moreover, the thermal image reconstruction highly depends on the ultrasound element locations and its accuracy could be highly deteriorated with certain sensor locations. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct thermal images using a neural network. As this method can learn the heat evolution from a large amount of data set, it could be less sensitive to the ultrasound element location. We validated the temperature image reconstruction method on a phantom study. Promising results show the feasibility of a thermal monitoring method using an external ultrasound element and deep learning reconstruction.
Growth in e-commerce boosts innovation in the warehouse robot market (2016)

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate how the growth in e-commerce has catalysed innovative developments in robots for use in warehouses. Design/methodology/approach Following a brief introduction to e-commerce and warehouse robots, this first paper discusses Amazon’s involvement with robotic technology. It then considers the community of recently founded companies manufacturing warehouse robots, together with details of their products. The paper concludes with a short discussion. Findings Amazon pioneered the use of robotics in its e-commerce warehouses with Kiva robots. It acquired the company in 2012, renaming it Amazon Robotics, and withdrew the products from open sale, triggering a boom in development activity to fill the gap in the market. Many companies in the USA, Europe and Asia have since been set up to exploit this opportunity and now manufacture robots for use in fulfilment centres around the world. While several products resemble the Kiva robots, others are more sophisticated and feature capabilities such as shelf picking and autonomous navigation. In the longer term, it is anticipated that functions such as product packing will also be conducted by robots, leading to fully automated fulfilment centres. Originality/value This paper discusses the recent and dramatic upsurge in the development of robots for use in warehouses, particularly those serving the rapidly growing e-commerce sector.