gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical resistivity of ultrafine-grained copper with nanoscale growth twins (2007)

We have investigated electrical resistivities of high-purity ultrafine-grained Cu containing different concentrations of nanoscale growth twins, but having identical grain size. The samples were synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition, wherein the density of twins was varied systematically by adjusting the processing parameters. The electrical resistivity of the Cu specimen with a twin spacing of 15nm at room temperature (RT) is 1.75μΩcm (the conductivity is about 97% IACS), which is comparable to that of coarse-grained (CG) pure Cu specimen. A reduction in twin density for the same grain size (with twin lamellar spacings of 35 and 90nm, respectively) results in an increment in electrical resistivity from 1.75to2.12μΩcm. However, the temperature coefficient of resistivity at RT for these Cu specimens is insensitive to the twin spacing and shows a consistent value of ∼3.78×10−3∕K, which is slightly smaller than that of CG Cu (3.98×10−3∕K). The increased electrical resistivities of the Cu samples were ascribed dominantly to the intrinsic grain boundary (GB) scattering, while the GB defects and GB energy would decrease with increasing twin density. Transmission electron microscope observations revealed the GB configuration difference from the Cu samples with various twin densities. Plastic deformation would induce an apparent increase in the resistivity. The higher of the twin density, the higher increment of RT resistivity was detected in the Cu specimens subjected to 40% rolling strain. Both the deviated twin boundaries and strained GBs may give rise to an increase in the resistivity.
Optimum transform coding of imagery (1999)

A system is presented for transform coding of imagery. Specifically, the system uses the 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) in conjunction with adaptive classification, entropy-constrained trellis-coded quantization, optimal rate allocation, and adaptive arithmetic encoding. Adaptive classification, side rate reduction, and rate allocation strategies are discussed. Entropy-constrained codebooks are designed using a modified version of the generalized Lloyd algorithm. This entropy-constrained DCT-based system is shown to achieve outstanding coding performance as compared to other DCT-based systems.
Analytical Comparison of Emperical Two Phase IPR Correlations for Horizontal Oil Wells (2013)

Abstract The concept of an Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) has long been used to predict or estimate the relationship between pressure drop in the reservoir (drawdown) and well flowrates (production). Such relationships are used to monitor and optimize the producing life of a reservoir; and also for design calculations. Engineers often make use of the IPR to understand the deliverability of a reservoir, as well as to identify and resolve problems which may arise from the exploitation of a field. The IPR concept provides an engineer with the means to determine the performance of a given well by relating inflow (flowrate) to the pressure condition in the well and reservoir at a given time. The most common application of the IPR concept is to consider the effects of different operational conditions on the pressure and flowrate profiles for a given well at conditions other than the initial condition. Except Harris, the models reviewed in the literature were all following Vogel’s approach for two-phase vertical wells. This study consists of the innovative approach to regress the coefficients of Harrison Exponential equation. Hence a new correlation for the horizontal two phase IPR was proposed to estimate well performance. The Comparison of the absolute error of the flow rate of available IPR correlations and the proposed correlations was done for statistical analysis. A field case study was also considered in the study and the absolute error calculated for proposed correlation was (0.5468%) which was again the lowest error as compared to the other correlations. The proposed IPR model works as well as the other models at the normal flow condition. It can be used to estimate horizontal well performance conveniently.
Correcting for Spherical Aberrations in Solid Immersion Microscopy Using a Deformable Mirror (2011)

Abstract We present a method for correcting spherical aberrations in solid immersion microscopy through the use of a deformable mirror. Aberrations in solid immersion imaging for failure analysis can be induced through off-axis imaging, errors in lens fabrication or mismatch of design and substrate wafer thickness. RMS wavefront error correction of 30% is demonstrated in the case of substrate wafer thickness error.
Multi-objective optimization of capacitive wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicle charging (2017)

This paper presents a methodology for multi-objective optimization of capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicle charging that allows for a favorable tradeoff between power transfer density and efficiency. By quantifying the tradeoff between these two objectives, this multi-objective optimization approach can inform engineering decisions, given the requirements of a particular charging application. The capacitive WPT system considered in this paper utilizes L-section matching networks with air-core inductors and capacitors realized using the parasitic capacitances of the system. The proposed optimization methodology incorporates constraints on achievable matching network capacitances, realizable inductor designs, and fringing electric fields set by safety considerations. The models used in the optimization methodology are validated using a 12-cm air-gap 6.78-MHz prototype capacitive WPT system, which transfers 589 W, achieving a power transfer density of 19.6 kW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and an efficiency of 88.2%.
Applications of Ultrafast Lasers in Ophthalmology (2003)

Ultrafast lasers are suitable for different surgical procedures in the eye: As a main goal in our group, the application of fs-lasers in refractive surgery is studied. Therefore, experiments in living rabbits were conducted, with wound healing studies up to 120 days after surgery. Moreover, highly precise cuts inside the cornea were used to do keratoplasty and lamellar keratoplasty. Further applications like a new technique to overcome presbyopia are shown.
Morphology control in electrochemically grown conducting polymer films. 1. Precoating the metal substrate with an organic monolayer (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMorphology control in electrochemically grown conducting polymer films. 1. Precoating the metal substrate with an organic monolayerIsrael Rubinstein, Judith Rishpon, Eyal Sabatani, Antonio Redondo, and Shimshon GottesfeldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 16, 6135–6136Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00172a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00172a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A very high precision 500-nA CMOS floating-gate analog voltage reference (2005)

A floating gate with stored charge technique has been used to implement a precision voltage reference achieving a temperature coefficient (TC) <1 ppm//spl deg/C in CMOS technology. A Fowler-Nordheim tunnel device used as a switch and a poly-poly capacitor form the basis in this reference. Differential dual floating gate architecture helps in achieving extremely low temperature coefficients, and improving power supply rejection. The reference is factory programmed to any value without any trim circuits to within 200 /spl mu/V of its specified value. The floating-gate analog voltage reference (FGAREF) shows a long-term drift of less than 10 ppm//spl radic/1000 h. This circuit is ideal for portable and handheld applications with a total current of only 500 nA. This is done by biasing the buffer amplifier in the subthreshold region of operation. It is fabricated using a 25-V 1.5-/spl mu/m E/sup 2/PROM CMOS technology.
Inter-Core Cooperative TLB Prefetchers for Chip Multiprocessors (2010)

Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) are commonly employed in modern processor designs and have considerable impact on overall system performance. A number of past works have studied TLB designs to lower access times and miss rates, specifically for uniprocessors. With the growing dominance of chip multiprocessors (CMPs), it is necessary to examine TLB performance in the context of parallel workloads. This work is the first to present TLB prefetchers that exploit commonality in TLB miss patterns across cores in CMPs. We propose and evaluate two Inter-Core Cooperative (ICC) TLB prefetching mechanisms, assessing their effectiveness at eliminating TLB misses both individually and together. Our results show these approaches require at most modest hardware and can collectively eliminate 19 % to 90 % of data TLB (D-TLB) misses across the surveyed parallel workloads. We also compare performance improvements across a range of hardware and software implementation possibilities. We find that while a fully-hardware implementation results in average performance improvements of 8-46 % for a range of TLB sizes, a hardware/software approach yields improvements of 4-32%. Overall, our work shows that TLB prefetchers exploiting inter-core correlations can effectively eliminate TLB misses.
Theory and performance of an adaptive current tomography system (1988)

It has been shown that there exists an optimum set of current patterns for distinguishing one conductivity distribution from another. Since the optimum set of current patterns depends on the conductivity distribution being imaged it must be determined for each object being imaged. This paper describes how these current patterns may be determined and describes a system for achieving this in practice.
The Zintl Compound Ca<sub>5</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>6</sub> for Low‐Cost Thermoelectric Power Generation (2010)

Abstract Understanding transport in Zintl compounds is important due to their unusual chemistry, structural complexity, and potential for good thermoelectric performance. Resistivity measurements indicate that undoped Ca 5 Al 2 Sb 6 is a charge‐balanced semiconductor with a bandgap of 0.5 eV, consistent with Zintl–Klemm charge counting rules. Substituting divalent calcium with monovalent sodium leads to the formation of free holes, and a transition from insulating to metallic electronic behavior is observed. Seebeck measurements yield a hole mass of ∼2 m e , consistent with a structure containing both ionic and covalent bonding. The structural complexity of Zintl compounds is implicated in their unusually low thermal conductivity values. Indeed, Ca 5 Al 2 Sb 6 possesses an extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (0.6 W mK −1 at 850 K), which approaches the minimum thermal conductivity limit at high temperature. A single parabolic band model is developed and predicts that Ca 4.75 Na 0.25 Al 2 Sb 6 possesses a near‐optimal carrier concentration for thermoelectric power generation. A maximum zT > 0.6 is obtained at 1000 K.Beyond thermoelectric applications, the semiconductor Ca 5 Al 2 Sb 6 possesses a 1D covalent structure which should be amenable to interesting magnetic interactions when appropriately doped.
Detecting Energy Patterns in Software Development (2011)

With the advent of increased computing on mobile devices such as phones and tablets, it has become crucial to pay attention to the energy consumption of mobile applications. The software engineering field is now faced with a whole new spectrum of energy-related challenges, ranging from power budgeting to testing and debugging the energy consumption. To the best of our knowledge there has been little work on the analysis of energy patterns. In this paper, we present our work for the Windows Phone platform. We first describe the data that is collected for testing (power traces and execution logs). We then present several approaches for describing power con- sumption and detecting anomalous energy patterns and poten- tial energy defects. Finally, we describe prediction models to estimate the overall energy consumption based on usage of individual modules. This allows assessing the individual impact of modules on the overall energy consumption and supports overall energy planning.
Performance of a circle-to-line optical system for a Fabry–Perot interferometer: a laboratory study (1994)

We describe the characterization and laboratory study of a new optical device, a circle-to-line interferometer optical (CLIO) system, for a Fabry-Perot interferometer. The CLIO system converts a circular Fabry-Perot interferometer fringe pattern into a linear fringe pattern that can be analyzed by a linear array detector or a charge-coupled device. One can achieve the circle-to-line conversion by the use of a mirrored kaleidoscope and a 90-deg segment of a 45-deg half-angle internally reflecting cone. Our laboratory results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The aberrations associated with this optical system are minor for large F-number optical systems, especially for the cone segment. The finesse degradation caused by this CLIO system is relatively small, which agrees with the results of a ray-trace study.
Y!Q (2005)

Contextual search tries to better capture a user's information need by augmenting the user's query with contextual information extracted from the search context (for example, terms from the web page the user is currently reading or a file the user is currently editing).This paper presents Y!Q---a first of its kind large-scale contextual search system---and provides an overview of its system design and architecture. Y!Q solves two major problems. First, how to capture high quality search context. Second, how to use that context in a way to improve the relevancy of search queries. To address the first problem, Y!Q introduces an information widget that captures precise search context and provides convenient access to its functionality at the point of inspiration. For example, Y!Q can be easily embedded into web pages using a web API, or it can be integrated into a web browser toolbar. This paper provides an overview of Y!Q's user interaction design, highlighting its novel aspects for capturing high quality search context.To address the second problem, Y!Q uses a semantic network for analyzing search context, possibly resolving ambiguous terms, and generating a contextual digest comprising its key concepts. This digest is passed through a query planner and rewriting framework for augmenting a user's search query with relevant context terms to improve the overall search relevancy and experience. We show experimental results comparing contextual Y!Q search results side-by-side with regular Yahoo! web search results. This evaluation suggests that Y!Q results are considered significantly more relevant.The paper also identifies interesting research problems and argues that contextual search may represent the next major step in the evolution of web search engines.
Aging and the Hyperacuity Gap Function (1991)

Hyperacuity is defined as the ability to perceive a difference in relative spatial localization of 2 or more visual stimuli to the order of 3 - 8 seconds of arc (Westheimer, 1979). The two dot vernier task is an example of a hyperacuity task. Hyperacuity stimuli are highly resistant to retinal image degradation and are, therefore, of clinical importance as a test of visual function in patients with partially opaque media or scattering bodies (see Enoch, et al., 1985 for a review). Hyperacuity techniques do not require a window through the anomalous media.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Remarkable Stability and Dispersibility for Antireflective Coatings (2009)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with remarkable stability and dispersibility have been successfully synthesized by direct organosilylation of silica−surfactant composite nanoparticles in a liquid phase. The nanoparticles can be uniformly embedded in a silica matrix to form nanocomposite coatings, which exhibit excellent antireflective properties by tuning the porosity of the nanoparticles.
The effect of temperature on liquid product composition from the fast pyrolysis of cellulose (1987)

In recent years, a good deal of attention has been focused on the thermal conversion of biomass to gases and liquids, and in particular, on the products obtainable from short time, high temperature pyrolysis of wood and other lignocellulosics. This flash pyrolysis is usually carried out at or near atmospheric pressures, while hydropyrolysis commonly employs hydrogen pressures to 20 MPa. Residence times of only a few seconds or less with reaction at high temperatures requires a reactor configuration capable of very high heating rates. Two of the most appropriate designs are the entrained flow reactor, and the fluidized bed reactor. Many flash pyrolysis studies have employed one or the other of these reactor types. In general, two approaches to flash pyrolysis of biomass have been used by various workers. One approach has the objective of producing a maximum yield of a desirable gas, which in atmospheric pressure non-catalytic pyrolysis processes is usually ethylene, or other olefins.
Optimizing Software Data Prefetches with Rotating Registers (2001)

Abstract: Software data prefetching is a well-known technique to improve the performance of programs that suffer many cache misses at several levels of memory hierarchy. However, it has significant overhead in terms of increased code size, additional instructions, and possibly increased memory bus traffic due to redundant prefetches. This paper presents two novel methods to reduce the overhead of software data prefetching and improve the program performance by optimized prefetch scheduling. These methods exploit the availability of rotating registers and predication in architectures such as the ItaniumTM architecture. The methods (1) minimize redundant prefetches, (2) reduce the number of issue slots needed for prefetch instructions, and (3) avoid branch mispredict penalties - all with minimal code size increase. Compared to traditional data prefetching techniques, these methods (i) do not require loop unrolling, (ii) do not require predicate computations and (iii) require fewer machine resources. One of these methods has been implemented in the Intel Production Compiler for the Itanium TM processor. This technique is compared with traditional approaches for software prefetching and experimental results are presented based on the floating-point benchmark suite of CPU2000.
Site-specific PEGylation endows a mammalian ribonuclease with antitumor activity (2011)

Mammalian ribonucleases are emerging as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Their cationicity engenders cell permeability, and their enzymatic activity destroys the biochemical information encoded by RNA. The pharmacologic potential of ribonucleases is, however, obviated by their high sensitivity to a cytosolic inhibitor protein (RI) and their small size, which limits their residence in serum. We reasoned that site specific conjugation of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain could both reduce sensitivity to RI and increase serum half-life. We found that appending a PEG moiety can enable bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) to evade RI, depending on the site of conjugation and the length and branching of the chain. Although a pendant PEG moiety decreases antiproliferative activity in vitro, PEGylation discourages renal clearance in vivo and leads to nearly complete tumor growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft model. These data demonstrate that a pendant PEG moiety can be beneficial to the action of proteins that act within the cytosol, and that strategic site-specific PEGylation can endow a mammalian ribonuclease with potent antitumor activity.
A novel approach to plastid transformation utilizes the phiC31 phage integrase (2004)

Thus far plastid transformation in higher plants has been based on incorporation of foreign DNA in the plastid genome by the plastid's homologous recombination machinery. We report here an alternative approach that relies on integration of foreign DNA by the phiC31 phage site-specific integrase (INT) mediating recombination between bacterial and phage attachment sites (attB and attP, respectively). Plastid transformation by the new approach depends on the availability of a recipient line in which an attB site has been incorporated in the plastid genome by homologous recombination. Plastid transformation involves insertion of an attP vector into the attB site by INT and selection of transplastomic clones by selection for antibiotic resistance carried in the attP plastid vector. INT function was provided by either expression from a nuclear gene, which encoded a plastid-targeted INT, or expressing INT transiently from a non-integrating plasmid in plastids. Transformation was successful with both approaches using attP vectors with kanamycin resistance or spectinomycin resistance as the selective marker. Transformation efficiency in some of the stable nuclear INT lines was as high as 17 independently transformed lines per bombarded sample. As this system does not rely on the plastid's homologous recombination machinery, we expect that INT-based vectors will make plastid transformation a routine in species in which homologous recombination rarely yields transplastomic clones.
Parathyroid hypertensive factor and intracellular calcium regulation (1996)

Pang, Peter K.T.; Shan, Jie J.; Lewanczuk, Richard Z.; Benishin, Christina G. Author Information