gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IT Capability of Domestic Research Review (2014)

Information technology (IT) investment does not necessarily bring a corresponding value returns for enterprises, and the thing that can help enterprises to gain the core competitiveness is IT capability. Based on 78 articles related literature from CSSCI, we found that: 1) We have fruitful achievement, but the quality and quantity need to be increased; 2) Existing literature use a variety of methods in research, but we should pay more attention to empirical research especially case study and secondary data research; 3) we need to strengthen the research of "before" aspect, especially in combination with characteristics of Chinese enterprises and the enterprise's situation characteristic so as to reveal the "logic of thinking" in Chinese enterprise; 4) effective local cooperation study is not enough, especially the need to strengthen the cooperation between native scholars and cross-regional cooperation research across institutions.
Can Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections Alter Heart Function in Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmia? (2018)

The prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) increases with age and can be associated with other co-morbidities, such as cardiac arrhythmia. Unfortunately, commonly used anticholinergic drugs for OAB can affect the cardiovascular system, leading to tachycardia. However, there are no data, which consider the influence of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections on heart function in idiopathic OAB patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters. Additionally, changes in ECG were analyzed in OAB patients without cardiac arrhythmia. Thirty-one patients with cardiac arrhythmia and 31 participants without irregular heart rate (HR) completed the study. ECG measurements were performed in supine positions 2 h before onabotulinumtoxinA injections, 1 h after treatment, and at 2 weeks of follow-up. At week 6, a phone-call survey was conducted to collect data about adverse events. OnabotulinumtoxinA injections were performed with rigid cystoscopy under local anesthesia. We did not observe any clinically significant changes in the analyzed ECG parameters between consecutive measurements. While a slight increase of HR was observed in patients without cardiac arrhythmia, it remained within normal range. Intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injections are, hence, safe for female patients with cardiac arrhythmia and do not significantly influence changes in ECG.
Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (1987)

The incorporation of micelles in the mobile phase in capillary zone electroporesis permits the efficient separation of a variety of neutral compounds. Efficiencies in excess of 100,000 plates/m are routinely attained. The mass transport processes which are important in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography are described, along with the technique. The technique is particularly useful for biological separations. Preliminary data and discussion related to column selectivity and efficiency are presented.
Introductory Comments (1985)

For many centuries, a central question in developmental biology has been how a fertilized egg with little apparent internal organization is so quickly converted, without external instructions, into a highly organized functional larva. This question only became accessible to concerted experimental analysis toward the end of the 19th century, when, as in most areas of science, progress was limited much more by available methods than by concepts. Until about 100 years ago, analysis was largely restricted to descriptive cytology; as can be seen from the justly celebrated volume of E.B. Wilson (1925), the precision of descriptive detail at the light microscope level has not been surpassed today. Since 1900, methods of embryological intervention have been much the same as those that are used today with greater sophistication. These include egg centrifugation (or rotation), hair-loop constriction, blastomere separation and their culture in isolation, blastomere or tissue transplantation, and the...
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Contributes to Cancer-Associated Cachexia (2011)

Cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome most common in patients with cancer that is characterized by the uncontrolled loss of adipose and muscle mass. We show that the inhibition of lipolysis through genetic ablation of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) or hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) ameliorates certain features of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the injection of Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma cells causes tumor growth, loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), and a marked reduction of gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, Atgl-deficient mice with tumors resisted increased WAT lipolysis, myocyte apoptosis, and proteasomal muscle degradation and maintained normal adipose and gastrocnemius muscle mass. Hsl-deficient mice with tumors were also protected although to a lesser degree. Thus, functional lipolysis is essential in the pathogenesis of CAC. Pharmacological inhibition of metabolic lipases may help prevent cachexia.
Developing Data Quality Metrics for a Product Master Data Model (2014)

This thesis goal is to identify, collect, analyze, and evaluate the quality metrics for a product master data; to allow quantifying and improve their value. In order to meet the main objective, this study needs to address these three questions: (1) What is the type of methodology that should be used to develop business-oriented data quality metrics? (2) How appropriate is the methodology for a practical case? (3) What are the data quality metric specifications for a case study in Elsevier? This study develops the process model using methodologies constructed by Otto et al., 2009; Wang et al., 1995; and Batini et al., 1986. It uses the theory testing research strategy (Verschuren, et al., 2010) to develop an alternate process model by validating the frameworks with the study case in Elsevier e-commerce. The process model is considered practical, valid, complete, and resilience. It also provides a list of data quality metrics for e-commerce and product MDM that meets several requirements, namely business relevance, feasible, reproducible, measurable, and acceptable.
Speech analysis and coding using a multi-resolution sinusoidal transform (2002)

The sinusoidal transform, as developed by Quatieri and McAulay (1986), provides a sparse representation for speech signals by taking advantage of psychoacoustic masking. The currently reported work takes the sinusoidal transform one step further by considering the frequency resolution abilities of the human auditory system in more detail. The new transform is based on the wavelet principle of variable resolution in time/frequency analysis. Specifically, a sinusoidal transform is developed which uses quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks to obtain better time resolution at high frequencies and better frequency resolution at low frequencies. This naturally provides a perceptually improved allocation of the sinusoids. The new transform matches the human auditory system better than its predecessor and it also matches speech signals well, both fricative sounds and voiced speech. The QMF based ST is then shown to be equivalent to a more efficient FFT based implementation.
Synthesis of ultra-fine porous tin oxide fibres and its process characterization (2007)

Porous rutile-structured SnO2 fibres, with their length of several millimetres, diameter from 100 nm to 40 µm and potentials for sensor applications, were synthesized from a precursor solution of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), chloroform (CHCl3) and dimethyldineodecanoate tin (C22H44O4Sn) using electrospinning and metal–organic decomposition techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the synthesized fibres so as to reveal the series of physical and chemical changes occurring from the starting chemicals to the final product of ultra-fine SnO2 fibres: the solvent CHCl3 evaporates during the electrospinning; the organic groups in PEO and C22H44O4Sn decompose, with Sn–C bond in C22H44O4Sn replaced by Sn–O between 220 and 300 °C, and the atomic arrangement transforms into the genesis of a rutile-type lattice between 300 and 380 °C; the incipient lattice finally develops into the rutile structure during heat treatment at higher temperatures up to 600 °C.
Simultaneous pO<sub>2</sub> and HbO<sub>2</sub> measurement to determine absolute HbO<sub>2</sub> concentration for <i>in vivo</i> near infrared spectroscopy (2003)

Purpose : Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitors absolute changes in concentration of chromophores from an unquantified baseline. A change in oxygenation is required to obtain information. Clinically, knowing initial chromophore concentration is desirable. We sought absolute initial concentrations by combining NIRS measurements with simultaneous Eppendorf histograph measurement (absolute values of tissue partial pressure of oxygen (pO 2 )). Methods : There were 22 trials on 9 occasions in 2 adult volunteers. Following local anaesthetic, the histograph probe was inserted into the forearm muscle and NIRS optodes applied. A sphygmomanometer cuff was inflated over the upper arm to produce ischaemia and hypoxia. Change in pO 2 was determined as a percentage of the initial pO 2 . Change in HbO 2 was measured, and the initial HbO 2 calculated by assuming the percentage change in HbO 2 equaled the percentage change in pO 2 . Results : Mean percentage change in pO 2 was 20.7 ± 9.6. Mean change in HbO 2 was 22.4 ± 3.4 µ mol/l(tissue). Calculated initial HbO 2 was 146.4 ± 108.7 µ mol/l(tissue), range 51 to 508 µ mol/l(tissue). Correlation ( r 2 ) between pO 2 and HbO 2 was 0.97 ± 0.03. Conclusion : Although changes in pO 2 and HbO 2 were highly correlated, calculation of initial absolute concentration of HbO 2 was not achieved by this method. A reliable method of obtaining absolute concentrations of HbO 2 in vivo remains to be found.
Partitioning of Ga and Co atoms in a Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite magnet (1998)

Partitioning of Co and Ga atoms in nanocrystalline Nd4.5Fe73B18.5Co3Ga1 at various stages of crystallization has been studied by atom probe field ion microscopy. In the early stage of crystallization, Co and Ga atoms are rejected from primary particles of the soft magnetic Fe3B phase and partitioned to the amorphous matrix phase. These atoms are enriched at the Fe3B/amorphous interfaces in this stage. Three crystalline phases (Fe3B, Nd2Fe23B3, and Nd2Fe14B) are present in the fully crystallized state, and Ga partitions preferentially only to the Nd2Fe14B phase. In a fully crystallized Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite with optimum magnetic hardness, Co and Ga atoms are partitioned to the Nd2Fe14B phase, and evidence for a slight enrichment of Ga atoms at the Nd2Fe14B/Fe3B interface has been found. Based on these results, the role of Ga and Co additions for improved hard magnetic properties is discussed.
Urea derivatives on the move: cytokinin‐like activity and adventitious rooting enhancement depend on chemical structure (2008)

Urea derivatives are synthetic compounds, some of which have proved to be positive regulators of cell division and differentiation. N-phenyl-N'-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)urea (forchlorofenuron, CPPU) and N-phenyl-N'-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (thidiazuron, TDZ), well known urea cytokinin representatives, are extensively used in in vitro plant morphogenesis studies, as they show cytokinin-like activity often exceeding that of adenine compounds. In recent years, renewed interest in structure-activity relationship studies allowed identification of new urea cytokinins and other urea derivatives that specifically enhance adventitious root formation. In this review, we report the research history of urea derivatives, new insights into their biological activity, and recent progress on their mode of action.
Mechanisms underlying the inability to induce area CA1 LTP in the mouse after traumatic brain injury (2006)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health issue that often causes enduring cognitive deficits, in particular memory dysfunction. The hippocampus, a structure crucial in learning and memory, is frequently damaged during TBI. Since long-term potentiation (LTP) is the leading cellular model underlying learning and memory, this study was undertaken to examine how injury affects area CA1 LTP in mice using lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI). Brain slices derived from FPI animals demonstrated an inability to induce LTP in area CA1 7 days postinjury. However, area CA1 long-term depression could be induced in neurons 7 days postinjury, demonstrating that some forms of synaptic plasticity can still be elicited. Using a multi-disciplined approach, potential mechanisms underlying the inability to induce and maintain area CA1 LTP were investigated. This study demonstrates that injury leads to significantly smaller N-methyl-D-aspartate potentials and glutamate-induced excitatory currents, increased dendritic spine size, and decreased expression of alpha-calcium calmodulin kinase II. These findings may underlie the injury-induced lack of LTP and thus, contribute to cognitive impairments often associated with TBI. Furthermore, these results provide attractive sites for potential therapeutic intervention directed toward alleviating the devastating consequences of human TBI.
Surface-initiated polymerization from carbon nanotubes: strategies and perspectives (2012)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent one of the most promising materials in nanoscience today, with their unique electronic, chemical and mechanical properties. Strong van der Waals interactions and poor solubility greatly affect their potential for applications in various fields. In the past decade, great efforts have been undertaken to modify CNTs into organophilic material via covalent and non-covalent grafting strategies. This review focuses on advances in various strategies used for the surface initiated polymerization and provides perspectives on grafting polymers covalently from CNTs.
A Wideband CMOS Transconductance-Transimpedance Amplifier (2006)

In this work, a CMOS transconductance-transimpedance wideband amplifier is proposed. Using a high-speed current mirror, the amplifier has more reliable and stable performance compared to the original configuration. A test chip is fabricated using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS 1P4M process. The test result shows that the amplifier has a 130MHz unit-gain bandwidth and an 8.6dB voltage gain at 10 pF output load.
EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES OF WHEY PROTEIN (1980)

ABSTRACT The effects of variables on the properties of the emulsion prepared from a whey protein dispersion and coconut oil were studied. Adsorption of the protein on to the fat globule surface was also investigated. A stable emulsion was obtained at the protein concentrations more than 2%. The creaming stability was minimal and the viscosity was maximum at pH 5 over the range of pH 3‐9. Addition of sugar ester, monostearate, and lecithin rather depressed the creaming stability. The emulsion was heat stable in the absence of salt, but became a gel on heating in the presence of CaCl 2 , The fat globule size and the amount of protein adsorbed on to the fat globule surface were highest at pH 5. SDS‐electrophoresis of the protein recovered from the surface revealed that β‐lactoglobulin, immunoglobulin, and lactoferrin were selectively adsorbed at pH 7. The adsorption of α‐lactalbumin markedly increased and that of β‐lactoglobulin decreased with the decrease in pH to 5 or 3. The importance of electrostatic nature and conformation of the proteins in the adsorption was suggested.
Correlation Filters for Object Alignment (2013)

Alignment of 3D objects from 2D images is one of the most important and well studied problems in computer vision. A typical object alignment system consists of a landmark appearance model which is used to obtain an initial shape and a shape model which refines this initial shape by correcting the initialization errors. Since errors in landmark initialization from the appearance model propagate through the shape model, it is critical to have a robust landmark appearance model. While there has been much progress in designing sophisticated and robust shape models, there has been relatively less progress in designing robust landmark detection models. In this paper we present an efficient and robust landmark detection model which is designed specifically to minimize localization errors thereby leading to state-of-the-art object alignment performance. We demonstrate the efficacy and speed of the proposed approach on the challenging task of multi-view car alignment.
Multipass absorption cell designed for high temperature UHV operation (1989)

This paper describes the design and performance of a tunable diode laser system, incorporating a multipass absorption cell to allow determination of water concentration below 10 ppb and carbon dioxide concentration below 1 ppb in nitrogen semiconductor gas. The cell is used with a tunable Pb-salt diode laser spectrometer frequency locked to a first derivative error signal from an intense vibration-rotation molecular absorption line. Sample concentrations are monitored in the second derivative mode, and the system automatically compensates for laser intensity fluctuations. A flowing gas method is used to minimize adsorption/desorption effects from the sample cell walls.
Comparing Genomes within the Species Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2001)

The study of genetic variability within natural populations of pathogens may provide insight into their evolution and pathogenesis. We used a Mycobacterium tuberculosis high-density oligonucleotide microarray to detect small-scale genomic deletions among 19 clinically and epidemiologically well-characterized isolates of M. tuberculosis. The pattern of deletions detected was identical within mycobacterial clones but differed between different clones, suggesting that this is a suitable genotyping system for epidemiologic studies. An analysis of genomic deletions among an extant population of pathogenic bacteria provided a novel perspective on genomic organization and evolution. Deletions are likely to contain ancestral genes whose functions are no longer essential for the organism's survival, whereas genes that are never deleted constitute the minimal mycobacterial genome. As the amount of genomic deletion increased, the likelihood that the bacteria will cause pulmonary cavitation decreased, suggesting that the accumulation of mutations tends to diminish their pathogenicity. Array-based comparative genomics is a promising approach to exploring molecular epidemiology, microbial evolution, and pathogenesis.
STUDIES OF PHOTONUCLEAR REACTIONS AND PHOTON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN THE GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCE REGION USING MICROTRONS (2007)

Mictrorons are accelerators of electrons and are simultaneous sources of bremsstrahlung photon flux and fission neutrons. In 1982, a microtron of seventeen trajectories Microtron MT - 17 was put into operation at the National Institute of Physics of Vietnam. Though very modest, microtons are very useful for developing countries such as Vietnam in both fundamental and applied physics research. During the recent years by using the above mentioned MT - 17 and microtrons from other institutes we have carried out different investigations. In this report we present some results obtained in the studies of photonuclear reactions and photon activation analysis in the giant dipole resonance region.
Bumblebee Economics: With a New Preface (2004)

* Preface [to the 2004 Edition] * Introduction *1. The Colony Cyclev *2. Economy of the Colony *3. The Flight Machine and Its Temperature *4. Warming Up *5. Heating the Nest *6. The Heat Transfer System *7. Juggling Costs and Benefits *8. Commuting and Foraging Movements *9. Foraging Optimization by Individual Initiative *10. Competition between Species *11. Pollination and Energetics *12. Ecology and Coevolution * Summary * Appendix A: How to Rear Bumblebees * Appendix B: The Bumblebees of North America * References * Index
Generating Parallel Execution Plans with a Partial Order Planner (1994)

Many real-world planning problems require generating plans that maximize the parallelism inherent in a problem. There are a number of partial-order planners that generate such plans; however, in most of these planners it is unclear under what conditions the resulting plans will be correct and whether the planner can even find a plan if one exists. This paper identifies the underlying assumptions about when a partial plan can be executed in parallel, defines the classes of parallel plans that can be generated by different partial-order planners, and describes the changes required to turn UCPOP into a parallel execution planner. In addition, we describe how this planner can be applied to the problem of query access planning, where parallel execution produces substantial reductions in overall execution time.
Three‐dimensional structure of the complexes of ribonuclease A with 2′,5′‐CpA and 3′,5′‐d(CpA) in aqueous solution, as obtained by NMR and restrained molecular dynamics (1996)

The three-dimensional structure of the complexes of ribonuclease A with cytidyl-2',5'-adenosine (2',5'-CpA) and deoxycytidyl-3',5'-deoxyadenosine [3',5'-d(CpA)] in aqueous solution has been determined by 1H NMR methods in combination with restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Twenty-three intermolecular NOE cross-corrections for the 3',5'-d(CpA) complex and 19 for the 2',5'-CpA, together with about 1,000 intramolecular NOEs assigned for each complex, were translated into distance constraints and used in the calculation. No significant changes in the global structure of the enzyme occur upon complex formation. The side chains of His 12, Thr 45, His 119, and the amide backbone group of Phe 120 are involved directly in the binding of the ligands at the active site. The conformation of the two bases is anti in the two complexes, but differs from the crystal structure in the conformation of the two sugar rings in 3',5'-d(CpA), shown to be in the S-type region, as deduced from an analysis of couplings between the ribose protons. His 119 is found in the two complexes in only one conformation, corresponding to position A in the free protein. Side chains of Asn 67, Gln 69, Asn 71, and Glu 111 from transient hydrogen bonds with the adenine base, showing the existence of a pronounced flexibility of these enzyme side chains at the binding site of the downstream adenine. All other general features on the structures coincide clearly with those observed in the crystal state.
In Vivo Oxidation of [13C]Galactose in Patients with Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Deficiency (1995)

We developed an intravenous and oral [13C]galactose breath test for the in vivo study of galactose metabolism. Following an intravenous bolus of 7 mg/kg of [1-13C]galactose in the fasting state, normal children and adults eliminated 3-6% and 21-47% of the bolus as 13CO2 in expired air collected over 1 and 5 h, respectively. Comparable fractional elimination was seen when the dose was given orally. Patients with galactosemia who have barely detectable or absent galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) activity in erythrocytes and are homoallelic for the Q188R gene mutation, when given a 7 mg/kg intravenous bolus had barely detectable 13CO2 in air samples in the first hour, but eventually eliminated as much as 3.6% of the dose in 5 h. A galactosemia/Duarte (Q188R/N314D) compound heterozygote and a homozygous Duarte subject, as well as a subject with one normal allele and one Q188R allele, showed normal in vivo oxidation. An assessment of whole body galactose metabolism can be made with this procedure. Further use of this in vivo modality in patients with different genetic backgrounds should increase our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in hereditary galactosemia.