gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A delayed multiple copy retransmission scheme for data communication in wireless networks (2005)

We propose a delayed multiple copy retransmission (DMCR) scheme for data communication in wireless networks, by which multiple copies of a lost link layer frame are retransmitted at the link layer one-by-one with a delay in between. The number of the copies gradually increases as the number of retransmissions increases. For implementing DMCR scheme in a typical mobile communication system, an interleaving scheme is also proposed. Moreover, a simplified method called polling is suggested when retransmission times are very limited. We compare our scheme with the previous non-delayed retransmission scheme on the performance of both channel capacity and total transmission time. Numerical results show that the DMCR can achieve higher performance. The effect of the delay time on end-to-end TCP throughput is investigated as well.
Proposal of Golf Swing Analysis Method Using Singular Value Decomposition (2020)

We analyzed the relationship between the cooperative actions of golf swings and the differences in swing trajectory. To extract cooperative actions from different swings, we acquired swing data in an experiment on an experienced golfer who swung with two different trajectories. We measured the swings with motion capture system (VICON). We built an observance matrix from the collected positional data and conducted singular value decomposition (SVD) on it. The SVD yielded the cooperative actions as independent modes. Next, we compared the cooperative actions of different swing trajectories in the main mode. The results indicate that the analysis of the golf swing could be divided into a dominant behavior and an accompanying behavior.
90% pump depletion and good beam quality in a pulse-injection-seeded nanosecond optical parametric oscillator (2006)

We measured 90% pump depletion in a singly resonant image-rotating nanosecond optical parametric oscillator that was pulse-injection seeded by a self-generated signal pulse. The oscillator was pumped by an 8 ns duration single-frequency 532 nm pulse from an injection-seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and resonated an 803 nm signal. The pump and pulsed-seed beams had flat-topped spatial fluence profiles with diameters of approximately 6 mm, giving a cavity Fresnel number at 803 nm approaching 400. The beam cleanup effects of the image-rotating cavity produce a far-field signal spatial fluence profile with approximately 60% of its energy falling within the diffraction-limited spot size.
Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode (2000)

A method for enhancing the emission properties of light-emitting diodes, by coupling to surface plasmons, is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The analyzed structure consists of a semiconductor emitter layer thinner than /spl lambda//2 sandwiched between two metal films. If a periodic pattern is defined in the top semitransparent metal layer by lithography, it is possible to efficiently couple out the light emitted from the semiconductor and to simultaneously enhance the spontaneous emission rate. For the analyzed designs, we theoretically estimate extraction efficiencies as high as 37% and Purcell factors of up to 4.5. We have experimentally measured photoluminescence intensities of up to 46 times higher in fabricated structures compared to unprocessed wafers. The increased light emission is due to an increase in the efficiency and an increase in the pumping intensity resulting from trapping of pump photons within the microcavity.
Measurement of IgE antibodies to minor components in eosinophilic esophagitis, peanut allergy, and delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meat (2014)

Background In the investigation of food allergy syndromes, serum assays detecting IgE antibodies (Ab) to food allergens use whole extracts on the solid phase, which contain specific allergen components in varying amounts. The interpretation of results assumes that the causative allergen components are adequately represented in the extract and that the presence and level of specific IgE titer to the whole extract of the relevant food(s) are diagnostic of the syndrome. IgE assays for beef or pork can underestimate the IgE Ab to a minor component of mammalian meat, such as galactose-a-1,3-galactose (a-gal). The inciting food allergens in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) remain unclear, although IgE Ab to milk, wheat, soy, and peanut are frequently present in low titer.
Modification of the TNM Staging System for Stage II/III Gastric Cancer Based on a Prognostic Single Patient Classifier Algorithm (2018)

The pSPC-modified TNM staging is an alternative staging system for stage II/III gastric cancer.
Encapsulation of Vincristine in Liposomes Reduces its Toxicity and Improves its Anti-Tumor Efficacy (1995)

Vincristine is a potent therapeutic agent with activity against a variety of tumor types. It is a cell-cycle specific agent which has exhibited enhanced anti-tumor activity when delivered in liposomal form. Vincristine can be encapsulated into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a transmembrane pH gradient with trapping efficiencies approaching 100%. The extent of vincristine encapsulation, and the subsequent retention of the drug within the liposomes, both in vitro and in vivo, are strongly dependent on the lipid composition of the liposome and on the magnitude of the transmembrane pH gradient. Liposomal formulations of vincristine have been optimized for both liposome circulation longevity, drug retention characteristics and in vivo antitumor activity. When compared to free vincristine, these formulations significantly increase the levels of vincristine remaining in the plasma after i.v. administration. These formulations also significantly increase the delivery of vincristine to tumor sites. As a consequence of the improved accumulation of vincristine at tumor sites, liposomal formulations of vincristine exhibit dramatically improved efficacy against a variety of ascitic and solid murine and human tumors than does free vincristine. Liposomal vincristine is expected to be of wide utility in a variety of human malignancies.
Human ISL1+ Ventricular Progenitors Self-Assemble into an In Vivo Functional Heart Patch and Preserve Cardiac Function Post Infarction (2018)

The generation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived ventricular progenitors and their assembly into a 3-dimensional in vivo functional ventricular heart patch has remained an elusive goal. Herein, we report the generation of an enriched pool of hPSC-derived ventricular progenitors (HVPs), which can expand, differentiate, self-assemble, and mature into a functional ventricular patch in vivo without the aid of any gel or matrix. We documented a specific temporal window, in which the HVPs will engraft in vivo. On day 6 of differentiation, HVPs were enriched by depleting cells positive for pluripotency marker TRA-1-60 with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and 3 million sorted cells were sub-capsularly transplanted onto kidneys of NSG mice where, after 2 months, they formed a 7 mm × 3 mm × 4 mm myocardial patch resembling the ventricular wall. The graft acquired several features of maturation: expression of ventricular marker (MLC2v), desmosomes, appearance of T-tubule-like structures, and electrophysiological action potential signature consistent with maturation, all this in a non-cardiac environment. We further demonstrated that HVPs transplanted into un-injured hearts of NSG mice remain viable for up to 8 months. Moreover, transplantation of 2 million HVPs largely preserved myocardial contractile function following myocardial infarction. Taken together, our study reaffirms the promising idea of using progenitor cells for regenerative therapy.
Atmospheric pressure ion focusing in a high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (1999)

The focusing of ions at atmospheric pressure and room temperature in a high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (FAIMS) has been investigated. FAIMS operates with the application of a high-voltage, high-frequency asymmetric waveform across parallel plates. This establishes conditions wherein an ion migrates towards one of the plates because of a difference in the ion mobility at the low and high electric field conditions during application of the waveform. The migration can be stopped by applying a dc compensation voltage (CV) which serves to create a “balanced” condition wherein the ion experiences no net transverse motion. This method has also been called “transverse field compensation ion mobility spectrometry” and “field ion spectrometry®.” If this experiment is conducted using a device with cylindrical geometry, rather than with flat plates, an ion focusing region can exist in the annular space between the two concentric cylinders. Ion trajectory modeling showed that the behavior of the ions in the cylindrical geometry FAIMS analyzer was unlike any previously described atmospheric pressure ion optics system. The ions appeared to be trapped, or focused by being caught between two opposing forces. Requirements for establishing this focus for a given ion were identified: the applied waveform must be asymmetric, the electric field must be sufficiently high that the mobility of the ion deviates from its low-field value during the high-voltage portion of the asymmetric waveform, and finally, the electric field must be nonuniform in space (e.g., cylindrical or spherical geometry). Experimental observations with a prototype FAIMS device, which was designed to measure the radial distribution of ions in the FAIMS analyzer region, have confirmed the results of ion trajectory modeling.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of deltoid or gluteal injection of aripiprazole lauroxil NanoCrystal<sup>®</sup> Dispersion used for initiation of the long-acting antipsychotic aripiprazole lauroxil (2019)

AL<sub>NCD</sub> demonstrated similar exposure and safety profiles between the two administration sites, suggesting that AL<sub>NCD</sub> can be given in either the gluteal or the deltoid muscles as a component of the 1-day initiation regimen for AL.
Seismic event interpretation using self-organizing neural networks (1992)

In the computer interpretation of seismic data, the critical first step is to identify the general class of an unknown event. For example, the classification might be: teleseismic, regional, local, vehicular, or noise. We have studied self organizing neural networks (SONNs) for classifying such events. Both Kohonen and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) SONNs were developed and tested with a moderately large set of real seismic events. Given the detection of a seismic event and the corresponding signal, we compute the time-frequency distribution, its binary representation, and finally a shift-invariant representation, which is the magnitude of the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-D FFT) of the binary time-frequency distribution. This preprocessed input is fed into the SONNs. The overall results based on 111 events (43 training and 68 test events) show that SONNs are able to group events that `look' similar. The Kohonen algorithm has the advantage of being able to develop a higher resolution set of clusters. We also find that the ART algorithm has the advantage of being able to develop a higher resolution set of clusters. We also find that the ART algorithm has an advantage in that the number of cluster groups do not need to be predefined. When a net type of event is detected, the ART network is able to handle the event rather gracefully. A modified Kohonen algorithm is developed to exploit each algorithm. The results from the SONNs together with an expert seismologist's classification are then used to derive fuzzy event classifications. The integration of the SONN into the Network Seismic Event Analyzer (NetSEA) expert system is described and a strategy to integrate the fuzzy classifications into the inference engine is also proposed.
High-speed terahertz reflection three-dimensional imaging for nondestructive evaluation (2012)

We demonstrate high-speed terahertz (THz) reflection three-dimensional (3D) imaging based on electronically controlled optical sampling (ECOPS). ECOPS enables scanning of an axial range of 9 mm in free space at 1 kHz. It takes 80 s to scan a transverse range of 100 mm × 100 mm along a zigzag trajectory that consists of 200 lines using translation stages. To show applicability of the imaging system to nondestructive evaluation, a THz reflection 3D image of an artificially made sample is obtained, which is made of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite material and has defects such as delamination and inclusion, and is compared with an ultrasonic reflection 3D image of the sample.
A 20MHz 6th Order BiCMOS Programinable Filter Using Parasitic-Insen sit ive Integra tors (1992)

A fast parasitic-insensitive continuous-time filter that uses an active integrating-capacitor is described. Techniques for excess-phase nulling and Gm-setting independent of supply and temperature are also described. This 20MHz, 5V equalizer has 0.24% of THD with 2Vp-p signals and is built in 1.5d4GHz BiCMOS. This paper describes a continuous-time filter based on a transconductor(~~~l a high-speed parasitic-free active integrator, allowing complete independence of the filter response from interconnect parasitics and a very wide range of realizable filter Q. A unique approach to canceling the excess phase contributed by the high-speed BiCMOS amplifier allows this filter to achieve reproducible responses at 20Mhz filter bandwidth in a 1.5p/4GHz BiCMOS process. This contrasts with the fastest passive integrating-capacitor filter yet reported at 27MHz using a 13GHz bipolar technology(3). This active integrator incorporates a novel technique for setting the transconductor Gm value as a function of an external precision resistor, independent of temperature, supply, in conjunction with a wafer-sort trim technique to adjust capacitor process tolerances. This eliminates the need for an on-chip PLL for tuning. Finally, experimental results are presented from a disk-drive equalizer integrated circuit.
Tutorial on optoelectronic oscillators (2021)

Microwave photonic approaches for the generation of microwave signals have attracted substantial attention in recent years, thanks to the significant advantages brought by photonics technology, such as high frequency, large bandwidth, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is a paradigmatic microwave photonic oscillator that produces microwave signals with ultra-low phase noise, thanks to the high-quality-factor of the OEO cavity that is achieved with the help of optical energy storage elements, such as low-loss optical fiber or a high-quality-factor optical resonator. Different OEO architectures have been proposed to generate spectrally pure single-frequency microwave signals with ultra-low phase noise. Multiple oscillation mode control methods have been proposed in recent years to obtain different kinds of microwave signals. With the rapid development of photonic integration technologies, prototypes of integrated OEOs have been demonstrated with compact size and low power consumption. Moreover, OEOs have also been used for sensing, computing, and signal processing. This Tutorial aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the developments of OEOs. We first discuss the basic principle and the key phase noise property of OEOs and then focus on its developments in spectrally pure low phase noise signal generation and mode control methods, its chip-scale integration, and its applications in various fields.
Adherence of Borrelia burgdorferi (1999)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, expresses on its surface two decorin binding adhesins, DbpA and DbpB. Previous studies have demonstrated that vaccination of mice with DbpA provided protection against challenge with heterologous Borrelia strains despite considerable sequence variability among DbpA in these strains. We have now examined the importance of individual amino acid residues in DbpA for decorin binding. We demonstrated that chemical modification of lysine residues resulted in loss of ligand binding activity. Of the 27 lysine residues in native DbpA from strain 297, 6 are present in most and 5 are conserved in all 30 DbpA sequences examined so far. Analysis of recombinant DbpA in which individual lysine residues have been mutated to alanine suggested that three of the conserved residues distributed throughout the DbpA sequence are required for decorin binding. These mutants lost their ability to bind decorin in Western ligand blot assay and bound reduced amounts of decorin in an ELISA. Furthermore, these mutant DbpA proteins did not inhibit the adherence of B. burgdorferi to a decorin substrata, and they did not recognize decorin in an extracellular matrix established by human fibroblast cultures. We conclude that the three lysine residues Lys-82, Lys-163, and Lys-170 are crucial for the binding of DbpA to decorin.
Genome-Scale Approaches to Identify Genes Essential for Haemophilus influenzae Pathogenesis (2012)

Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative bacterium that has no identified natural niche outside of the human host. It primarily colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa in an asymptomatic mode, but has the ability to disseminate to other anatomical sites to cause otitis media, upper, and lower respiratory tract infections, septicemia, and meningitis. To persist in diverse environments the bacterium must exploit and utilize the nutrients and other resources available in these sites for optimal growth/survival. Recent evidence suggests that regulatory factors that direct such adaptations also control virulence determinants required to resist and evade immune clearance mechanisms. In this review, we describe the recent application of whole-genome approaches that together provide insight into distinct survival mechanisms of H. influenzae in the context of different sites of pathogenesis.
On Integrating Network and Community Discovery (2015)

The problem of community detection has recently been studied widely in the context of the web and social media networks. Most algorithms for community detection assume that the entire network is available for online analysis. In practice, this is not really true, because only restricted portions of the network may be available at any given time for analysis. Many social networks such as Facebook have privacy constraints, which do not allow the discovery of the entire structure of the social network. Even in the case of more open networks such as Twitter, it may often be challenging to crawl the entire network from a practical perspective. For many other scenarios such as adversarial networks, the discovery of the entire network may itself be a costly task, and only a small portion of the network may be discovered at any given time. Therefore, it can be useful to investigate whether network mining algorithms can integrate the network discovery process tightly into the mining process, so that the best results are achieved for particular constraints on discovery costs. In this context, we will discuss algorithms for integrating community detection with network discovery. We will tightly integrate with the cost of actually discovering a network with the community detection process, so that the two processes can support each other and are performed in a mutually cohesive way. We present experimental results illustrating the advantages of the approach.
Identification of Candidate Proteins Binding to Prion Protein (1997)

Prion diseases are disorders of protein conformation that produce neurodegeneration in humans and animals. Studies of transgenic (Tg) mice indicate that a factor designated protein X is involved in the conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the scrapie isoform (PrPSc); protein X appears to interact with PrPC but not with PrPSc. To search for PrPC binding proteins, we fused PrP with alkaline phosphatase (AP) to produce a soluble, secreted probe. PrP-AP was used to screen a lambdagt11 mouse brain cDNA library, and six clones were isolated. Four cDNAs are novel while two clones are fragments of Nrf2 (NF-E2 related factor 2) transcription factor and Aplp1 (amyloid precursor-like protein 1). The observation that PrP binds to a member of the APP (amyloid precursor protein) gene family is intriguing, in light of possible relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Four of the isolated clones are expressed preferentially in the mouse brain and encode a similar motif.
Voice-Driven Animation (1998)

We introduce a method for learning a mapping between signals, and use this to drive facial animation directly from vocal cues. Instead of depending on heuristic intermediate representations such as phonemes or visemes, the system learns its own representation, which includes dynamical and contextual information. In principle, this allows the system to make optimal use of context to handle ambiguity and relatively long-lasting facial co-articulation effects. The output is a series of facial control parameters, suitable for driving many different kinds of animation ranging from photo-realistic image warps to 3D cartoon characters.
Real-Time Optimization Method of Write Strategy for Optical Discs (2011)

Real-time write strategy optimization method for optical discs is proposed. Write strategy is continuously optimized during recording against the variation of recording characteristics and environments. Effectiveness is experimentally confirmed with BD and DVD discs.
External ramp autotuning for current mode control of switching converters (2013)

An external ramp autotuning is proposed to optimize the dynamic performance of current-mode control. Conventionally, a fixed external ramp is chosen to compensate the worst-case of inductor current slope variation, while prior adaptive ramp compensation strategies cannot adaptively compensate the current slope variation by inductor tolerance and topology change. Therefore, using either approach, the overall performance suffers from over compensation, so system bandwidth is limited. This paper shows tuning external ramp slope to track the constant quality factor of double pole at half of switching frequency based on sensed slope of current feedback signal, so stable and wide bandwidth performance over all possible duty cycle variation, inductor tolerance, and topology change is achieved without suffering from worst-case design. Simple digital and analog implementations are proposed to realize the autotuning method. This method is applicable to digital or analog current-mode controllers with peak current mode, valley current mode, and average current mode operations. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified with simulation and experimental results.
Solution Structure of a Pair of Fibronectin Type 1 Modules with Fibrin Binding Activity (1994)

The tertiary structure of the fourth and fifth type 1 module pair from the N terminus of human fibronectin, has been determined by two-dimensional homonuclear 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Comparison of each module fold with those of two other type 1 modules shows that the type 1 "consensus" structure is conserved in the pair. The modules connect end-to-end to form an elongated structure with a limited clockwise twist around the long axis, from N to C terminus. The short five residue linker sequence forms a tight loop and the relative orientation of the two modules is maintained by fixed and intimate hydrophobic contacts, dominated by a non-conserved tryptophan residue from the fourth type 1 module. The protein binds specifically to fibrin in an ELISA and surface accessible residues that may be involved in this and other protein interactions can be identified. The structure provides an insight into how chains of type 1 modules may link up in intact fibronectin.