gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of radiobiological effects in intensity modulated proton therapy (2005)

Today, inverse treatment planning for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) usually employs a constant relative biological effectiveness (RBE). In this paper, the potential clinical relevance of RBE variations for scanning techniques in IMPT is investigated, and a new strategy to include the RBE into the inverse planning process is presented. Three-dimensional RBE distributions are calculated based on a phenomenological model that describes the RBE as a function of dose, linear energy transfer (LET) and tissue type in the framework of the linear-quadratic model. This RBE model is integrated into the optimization loop of inverse planning by using a modified version of the standard quadratic objective function, where the physical dose is replaced by the biological effect. This system for "biological optimization" was implemented into a research version of the inverse planning software KonRad and allows the direct optimization of the product of RBE and physical dose. Several treatment plans for a prostate case are presented, which compare the biological with the conventional physical dose optimization for IMPT scanning techniques, in particular distal edge tracking (DET) and the full three-dimensional (3D) modulation of beam spots. Mainly due to their different LET distributions, the RBE effects for these two techniques are quite different: while the RBE distribution was more or less homogeneous in the planning target volume (PTV) for 3D modulation, considerable RBE variations within the PTV were observed for DET. These unfavorable effects could be compensated for by employing the new biological objective function, which led to a more homogeneous distribution of the product of RBE and physical dose in the PTV. The computation time increased by a factor of 2 compared to the optimization of the physical dose. In conclusion, the proposed method allows the simultaneous multifield optimization of the biological effect in a reasonable time, and is therefore well suited for studying the influence of a variable RBE in IMPT as well as for minimizing potentially adverse effects.
New Developments in Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (2006)

As intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) becomes routine clinical practice, its advantages and limitations are better understood. With these new understandings, some new developments have emerged in an effort to alleviate the limitations of the current IMRT practice. This article describes a few of these efforts made at the University of Maryland, including: i) improving IMRT efficiency with direct aperture optimization; ii) broadening the scope of optimization to include the mode of delivery and beam angles; and iii) new planning methods for intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT).
A robust miniature robot design for land/air hybrid locomotion (2011)

The utility of miniature ground robots has long been limited by reduced locomotion capabilities compared to larger robots. Many avenues of research have been pursued to improve ground locomotion to alleviate this issue. In this paper, another option is explored in which a small ground robot is equipped with the ability to fly, allowing it to move to previously unreachable areas if necessary. The robot design is presented with an emphasis on mechanical aspects. The design utilizes a minimalistic two-wheeled ground mode to minimize weight, and a rotary-wing flight mode, enabling transformations at will. The transition between modes requires a transformation wherein the robot tips itself on-end and unfolds rotors or vise versa. The design presented herein is an improvement upon previous designs using the same concept; it is more robust in both its transformation process and locomotion capabilities [1], [2]. In addition to a new robot design, two new principles for the design of such robot are proposed: protection of flight mode components and isolation of the two modes' drivetrains.
System Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (2011)

For piezoelectric-based, vibration energy harvesting systems, a simplified resonant model is typically used to represent the piezoelectric transducer. Furthermore, the total amount of harvested power is calculated assuming an ideal and lossless power converter. A coupled, system-level model is developed that includes parasitic losses in the power converter for a system comprised of a cantilevered transducer beam and pulsed resonant converter. The accuracy of the system-level model is validated with experimental data, and it is shown that the simplified resonant model underpredicts the total harvested power by approximately 30% for the implemented system. In addition to capturing the electrical domain behavior of the system, the system-level model is also shown to accurately predict the effect of energy harvesting on the beam mechanics.
Ultrahigh electro-optic coefficient of 170pm/V and low V<inf>&#x003C0;</inf> of 1V at 1.55&#x003BC;m in hybrid polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulators (2007)

We demonstrated the highest electro-optic (EO) coefficient with the highest poling efficiency (~100%) in actual modulator devices. This breakthrough was accomplished with contact poling of a crosslinkable EO polymer with an electrically conductive sol-gel cladding.
Multiplication Algorithm for Combined Physical and Chemical Enhancement of X-ray Effect by Nanomaterials (2015)

The total enhancement obtained from mixing silica-covered 90 nm gold nanoparticles and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium-covered 2 nm gold nanoparticles that individually under X-ray irradiation produced average physical enhancement and chemical enhancement respectively was studied experimentally and theoretically. The total or combined enhancement was shown to be the multiplication of the two individual enhancements, and this algorithm can be derived from the original definition of physical and chemical enhancement. The maximum total enhancement was 18-fold, whereas the maximum measured average physical enhancement was 7-fold and the derived chemical enhancement was 3.9-fold; all three maxima were achieved under different experimental conditions. The results of simulation using rate equations for the combined physical and chemical enhancement were obtained and were found to agree with the measured total enhancements.
New aromatic polymer electrolytes for application in lithium metal batteries (2016)

The synthesis of functionalized PEEK polymers presenting a high ionic conductivity.
Spectral Breathing and Its Mitigation in Digital Fractional-<i>N</i> PLLs (2021)

Although digital phase-locked loops (PLLs) offer several advantages over their analog counterparts, they suffer from a major disadvantage that is rarely mentioned in published articles. The disadvantage, known as spectral breathing, is caused by component mismatches among the frequency control elements within a PLL’s digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). The mismatches introduce DCO frequency modulation nonlinearity which fluctuates and, therefore, causes erratic variations in the PLL’s measured phase noise spectrum as the DCO’s free-running frequency drifts. The phenomenon is called spectral breathing because the measured phase noise spectrum tends to slowly swell and contract over time as if taking breaths of air. During these breaths, the PLL’s phase noise often becomes severely degraded. This article presents an experimental demonstration of the spectral breathing phenomenon and its solution in a digital fractional- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PLL. The demonstrated solution is a multi-rate dynamic element matching technique and a mismatch-noise cancellation technique that together eliminate spectral breathing.
Abstract 3178: Identification and validation of markers for colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma (2011)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States and Europe. The early detection and diagnosis of dysplastic and early neoplastic colonic lesions will improve survival and make possible curative treatments. Currently, this is best done with colonoscopy, which is expensive and requires a cathartic bowel prep that has led to low compliance. The goal of this study is to develop targeted molecular imaging agents for the early detection of colon cancer via targeted and potentially prepless colonography using CT or MRI contrast. Such agents can also be used to improve detection of lesions for removal during traditional colonoscopy. By gene expression profiling of DNA microarray data from patient samples of colon adenoma (n =39), adenocarcinoma (n = 432), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 16) and unaffected gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues (normal colon, n = 178 and other gastrointestinal tissues n = 32), we have identified 6 potential cell-surface targets that are highly expressed in colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas relative to unaffected GI tissues: TLR4, LY6G6D, GRM8, GPR56, SLCO1B3 and CLDN1. None of these markers alone cover 100% of the colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma samples surveyed, although combinations did. Nearly all (99.7%) of the adenoma and adenocarcinoma samples express at least one of the three markers TLR4, LY6G6D and CLDN1. One tumor did not express any of these markers. CSF3R and SLC6A14 are expressed exclusively in IBD, which is a risk factor for colon cancer. DNA microarray expression data for colon tumor cell lines (DIFI, SW-620, SW-480, HT-29, COLO-205, KM12, KM12S, HCT116, and HCT115) were also analyzed, and SW-620 and SW-480 cell lines were identified as expressing TLR4, LY6G6D, GPR56 and CLDN1. COLO-205 cells highly express GRM8 and KM12 cells express SLCO1B3. GPR56 and CLDN1 were broadly expressed amongst all cell lines. Validation of these markers for protein expression in patient tissue samples by immunohistochemistry is underway. Molecular imaging agents against validated targets are being developed for the potentially prepless and non-invasive detection of colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas using molecular colonography. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3178. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3178
THE EFFECT OF ANTI-INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ON ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1985)

During immune response to an allograft, activated T cells express a number of cell surface activation antigens, among them the membrane receptor for the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2). As the IL-2 receptor is not present on resting T cells, it offers an attractive target for potentially specific immunosuppressive therapy. The rat monoclonal antibody M7/20, which binds to the murine IL-2 receptor, was studied for its effect on allograft survival in two H-2-incompatible strain combinations in inbred mice. Treatment with M7/20 for 10 days markedly prolonged survival of vascularized, heterotopic heart allografts in both strain combinations, with indefinite graft survival in 50% of recipients. The same treatment significantly prolonged skin allograft survival in one of the two combinations. The results support the important role of the IL-2 receptor in the mechanism of graft rejection and confirm its suitability as a target for immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation.
Development of a Zeolite Filter for Removing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Smoke and Smoked Ingredients while Retaining the Smoky Flavor (2017)

The popularity of smoked foodstuffs such as sauces, marinades, and rubs is on the rise. However, during the traditional smoking process, in addition to the desirable smoky aroma compounds, harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are also generated. In this work, a selective filter was developed that reduces PAH concentrations in a smoke by up to 90% while maintaining a desirable smoky flavor. Preliminary studies using a cocktail of 12 PAHs stirred with a zeolite showed the potential for this zeolite to selectively remove PAHs from a simple solution. However, pretreatment of the smoke prior to application removed the PAHs more efficiently and is more widely applicable to a range of food ingredients. Although volatile analysis showed that there was a concomitant reduction in the concentration of the smoky compounds such as 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 2-methylphenol ( o-cresol), and the isoeugenols, sensory profiling showed that the difference in perception of flavor was minimal.
Charity auctions on social networks (2008)

Charitable giving is influenced by many social, psycho-logical, and economic factors. One common way to en-courage individuals to donate to charities is by offering to match their contribution (often by their employer or by the government). Conitzer and Sandholm introduced the idea of using auctions to allow individuals to offer to match the contribution of others. We explore this idea in a social network setting, where individuals care about the contribution of their neighbors, and are al-lowed to specify contributions that are conditional on the contribution of their neighbors. We give a mechanism for this setting that raises the largest individually rational contributions given the conditional bids, and analyze the equilibria of this mech-anism in the case of linear utilities. We show that if the social network is strongly connected, the mechanism al-ways has an equilibrium that raises the maximum total contribution (which is the contribution computed ac-cording to the true utilities); in other words, the price of stability of the game defined by this mechanism is one. Interestingly, although the mechanism is not dominant strategy truthful (and in fact, truthful reporting need not even be a Nash equilibrium of this game), this result shows that the mechanism always has a full-information equilibrium which achieves the same outcome as in the truthful scenario. Of course, there exist cases where the maximum total contribution even with true utilities is zero: we show that the existence of non-zero equilib-ria can be characterized exactly in terms of the largest eigenvalue of the utility matrix associated with the so-cial network. 1
<title>Combining indexing and learning in iterative refinement</title> (1998)

Similarity measure has been one of the critical issues for successful content-based retrieval. Simple Euclidean or quadratic forms of distance are often inadequate, as they do not correspond to perceived similarity, nor adapt to different applications. Relevance feedback and/or iterative refinement techniques, based on the user feedback, have been proposed to adjust the similarity metric or the feature space. However, this learning process potentially renders those indices for facilitating high dimensional indexing, such as R-tree useless, as those indexing techniques usually assume a predetermined similarity measure. In this paper, we propose a simultaneous learning and indexing technique, for efficient content-based retrieval of images, that can be described by feature vectors. This technique builds a compact high-dimensional index, while taking into account that the raw feature space needs to be adjusted for each new application. Consequently, much better efficiency can be achieved, as compared to those techniques which do not make provisions for efficient indexing.
P‐50: Excimer Gas Discharge Characteristics for Color AC‐PDPs (2000)

Abstract We present the discharge characteristics of a rare gas halide mixture in AC‐ Plasma Display Panels. Studies for excimer gas of plasma display panels are performed using XeF. This excimer gas is investigated as function of its pressure and different discharge condition. In this paper, the real panel using XeF excimer gas is researched for good discharge characteristics and a full‐color panel is demonstrated.
Dispersion and nonlinearity compensation using spectral phase conjugation (2009)

We demonstrate broadband spectral phase conjugation based on temporal imaging via four-wave mixing and show for the first time compensation of pulse distortions due to second- and third-order dispersion and self-phase modulation.
Evaluation of Wind Effects on UAV Autonomous Navigation Based on Vehicle Dynamic Model (2016)

A novel approach to autonomous navigation for small UAVs was recently introduced by the authors. An abridged description of this approach can be found in present paper, with its main contribution being further evaluation of effects of wind on navigation performance. The vehicle dynamic model (VDM) serves as the main process model within the introduced navigation filter. The proposed method exploits the knowledge of physical properties of the UAV together with control input with the goal to significantly increase the accuracy and reliability of autonomous navigation. This is especially relevant for small UAVs with low-cost IMUs on-board and no extra sensor added to the conventional INS/GNSS setup. The improvement is of special interest in case of GNSS outages, where inertial coasting drifts very quickly. In the proposed architecture, the solution to VDM equations provides the estimate of position, velocity, and attitude, which is updated within the navigation filter based on available observations, such as IMU data or GNSS measurements. The filter is capable of estimating wind velocity and dynamic model parameters, in addition to navigation states and IMU sensor errors. Robustness and scalability of the navigation system against random changes in wind velocity are investigated via Monte Carlo simulations using real 3D wind velocity data. In case of GNSS outages of a few minutes, position and attitude accuracy experiences improvements of orders of magnitude compared to conventional kinematic modeling in INS/GNSS integration. Simulations also reveal that navigation errors are almost doubled as wind velocity doubles, which gives an estimation of the scalability of the navigation system.
Recent advances in voltage-gated sodium channels, their pharmacology, and related diseases (2013)

EDITORIAL article Front. Pharmacol., 18 April 2013Sec. Pharmacology of Ion Channels and Channelopathies Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00052
<i>HLA-E</i>. A novel HLA class I gene expressed in resting T lymphocytes. (1988)

A MHC class I gene, HLA-6.2, has been identified. Examination of its primary structure indicates that HLA-6.2 is the most divergent member of the class I gene family characterized to date. Tissue distribution of HLA-6.2 RNA differs from other class I genes in that the highest level of RNA is detected in resting T lymphocytes. After transfer of the HLA-6.2 gene into a class I null human lymphoblastoid cell line, a protein associated with beta 2-microglobulin is detected. Analysis of HLA deletion mutant cell lines places the HLA-6.2 gene between the HLA-C and HLA-A loci on the short arm of chromosome 6. These data support the fact that the HLA-6.2 gene is a distinct expressible HLA class I gene, which we propose be designated HLA-E.
Hourglass Worm Gears Designed to Concentrate Surface Normals. Manufacturing and Experimental Investigation on Tooth Bearing. (1994)

To avoid the influence from the small displacement of gear axes under load, the authors propose that all contact normals of a tooth surface be at right angles to the direction of the small displacement induced at each contact point under load. On the basis of this state of surface normals, a few methods for tooth surface generation have been devised for realizing this concept. In this research, an hourglass worm gear having the above geometrical characteristics was made using the conventional methods of tooth surface generation and tooth bearing of the worm gear was experimentally tested. As a result, the validity of this design concept was proven.
Assembling mesoscopic systems with holographic optical traps (2007)

Holographic optical trapping uses forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to organize microscopic materials into three-dimensional structures. Achieving and verifying accurate three-dimensional placement requires methods for assessing the accuracy of the projected traps' geometry, as well as methods for measuring trapped objects' three-dimensional positions. Volumetric imaging of the projected trapping pattern solves one problem. Holographic video microscopy addresses the other. The combination is exceptionally effective for organizing, inspecting and analyzing soft-matter systems.
Resistance to <i>Wheat streak mosaic virus</i> generated by expression of an artificial polycistronic microRNA in wheat (2011)

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is a persistent threat to wheat production, necessitating novel approaches for protection. We developed an artificial miRNA strategy against WSMV, incorporating five amiRNAs within one polycistronic amiRNA precursor. Using miRNA sequence and folding rules, we chose five amiRNAs targeting conserved regions of WSMV but avoiding off-targets in wheat. These replaced the natural miRNA in each of five arms of the polycistronic rice miR395, producing amiRNA precursor, FanGuard (FGmiR395), which was transformed into wheat behind a constitutive promoter. Splinted ligation detected all five amiRNAs being processed in transgenic leaves. Resistance was assessed over two generations. Three types of response were observed in T(1) plants of different transgenic families: completely immune; initially resistant with resistance breaking down over time; and initially susceptible followed by plant recovery. Deep sequencing of small RNAs from inoculated leaves allowed the virus sequence to be assembled from an immune transgenic, susceptible transgenic, and susceptible non-transgenic plant; the amiRNA targets were fully conserved in all three isolates, indicating virus replication on some transgenics was not a result of mutational escape by the virus. For resistant families, the resistance segregated with the transgene. Analysis in the T(2) generation confirmed the inheritance of immunity and gave further insights into the other phenotypes. Stable resistant lines developed no symptoms and no virus by ELISA; this resistance was classified as immunity when extracts failed to transmit from inoculated leaves to test plants. This study demonstrates the utility of a polycistronic amiRNA strategy in wheat against WSMV.
The Echo Nest Musical Fingerprint (2010)

We will discuss the methodology and accuracy of the Echo Nest Musical Fingerprint (ENMFP), an open-source fingerprint code generator and query server that works on music files. We define fingerprinting as matching an arbitrary audio signal to its underlying song in a 10 million song database.
Low complexity distributed bandwidth allocation for resilient packet ring networks (2004)

The resilient packet ring (RPR), defined under IEEE 802.17, has been proposed as a high-speed backbone technology for metropolitan area networks. RPR is introduced to mitigate the underutilization and unfairness problems associated, respectively, with the current SONET and Ethernet technologies. The key performance objectives of RPR are to achieve high bandwidth utilization, optimum spatial reuse on the dual rings, and fairness. The challenge is to design an algorithm that can react dynamically to the traffic in achieving these objectives. Previous attempts have critical limitations, such as oscillation of the allocated bandwidth or high computational complexity. We propose the low complexity distributed bandwidth allocation (LCDBA) algorithm to allocate bandwidth fairly to RPR nodes with a very low computational complexity, O(1). It converges to the exact max-min fairness in a few round trip times with no oscillation at the steady state.