gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva (2014)

Limited information is available about the effects of HIV and subsequent antiretroviral treatment on host-microbe interactions. This study aimed to determine the salivary microbial composition for 10 HIV-seropositive subjects, before and 6 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared with that for 10 HIV-seronegative subjects. A conventional culture and two culture-independent analyses were used and consistently demonstrated differences in microbial composition among the three sets of samples. HIV-positive subjects had higher levels of total cultivable microbes, including oral streptococci, lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida, in saliva than did HIV-negative subjects. The total cultivable microbial levels were significantly correlated with CD4+ T cell counts. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), which compared the overall microbial profiles, showed distinct fingerprinting profiles for each group. The human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM) assay, which compared the 16S rRNA genes, showed clear separation among the three sample groups. Veillonella, Synergistetes, and Streptococcus were present in all 30 saliva samples. Only minor changes or no changes in the prevalence of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Gemella, Leptotrichia, Solobacterium, Parvimonas, and Rothia were observed. Seven genera, Capnocytophaga, Slackia, Porphyromonas, Kingella, Peptostreptococcaceae, Lactobacillus, and Atopobium, were detected only in HIV-negative samples. The prevalences of Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Granulicatella, and Atopobium were increased after HAART. In contrast, the prevalence of Aggregatibacter was significantly decreased after HAART. The findings of this study suggest that HIV infection and HAART can have significant effects on salivary microbial colonization and composition.
Risk analysis of falsified automatic identification system for the improvement of maritime traffic safety (2016)

On board vessels, the Automatic Identification System sends and receives localization messages and enables vessels to better understand their surroundings. Initiated by the Safety Of Life At Sea convention, this system is used for navigation security and safety, boarding prevention, fleet control or traffic control. Some of the messages broadcasted contain errors, falsification and undergo spoofing that weaken the capaci-ties of the system to achieve its goals. This paper presents a risk analysis study of the Automatic Identification System that leads to the identification of circa 350 threat scenarios. A typology of anomalies is proposed, alongside with a methodology for anomaly detection. The objectives are the determination of the false mes-sages and the improvement of both the effectiveness of the system as a security system and the maritime situa-tional awareness.
Oxygen Transfer into an Aeration Tank with Consideration to Three Transfer Routes (1983)

散気式曝気槽への酸素移動は散気気泡界面および自由表面と散気装置上部の気泡消滅水面とからなる水面を通して行われる. 散気ガス, 水面上の気体として空気あるいは窒素を用い, これらを適当に組み合わせてKLaと定常溶存酸素濃度を測定することにより, 三つの酸素移動過程から移動速度を求めた.(槽幅) / (水深) =2の曝気槽について, 次のことが明らかになった.1) 曝気槽への全酸素移動速度に対する散気気泡からの酸素移動速度の比は散気ガス量の増大とともに大となり, 曝気槽の大きさには依存しない.2) 自由表面からの酸素移動係数は散気気泡からの酸素移動係数に比べて約1桁小さい.
FLAVOR ENCAPSULATION AND RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPRAY-DRIED POWDER BY THE BLENDED ENCAPSULANT OF CYCLODEXTRIN AND GUM ARABIC (2001)

The flavor inclusion powder was prepared by spray drying, using the combined encapsulation method of inclusion by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and emulsified by gum arabic (GA). d-Limonene and ethyl n-hexanoate were used as model flavors. The application of high pressure by Microfluidizer to the mixture of flavors and β-CD slurry was an effective means of forming inclusion complex. Flavor retention during spray drying under various compositions of the encapsulants was investigated. The flavor retention using the blended encapsulant was increased by adding GA in the encapsulant. The characteristics of release of encapsulated flavor during storage were evaluated at 50°C and 75% of relative humidity. The release rate of flavor in spray-dried powder depended on kinds of the flavors and composition of the encapsulant. The blending MD and β-CD in the feed liquid decreased the release rate of flavors. The rate of release of flavor was analyzed by Avrami's Equation.
Formative pluripotency: the executive phase in a developmental continuum (2017)

The regulative capability of single cells to give rise to all primary embryonic lineages is termed pluripotency. Observations of fluctuating gene expression and phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro have fostered a conception of pluripotency as an intrinsically metastable and precarious state. However, in the embryo and in defined culture environments the properties of pluripotent cells change in an orderly sequence. Two phases of pluripotency, called naïve and primed, have previously been described. In this Hypothesis article, a third phase, called formative pluripotency, is proposed to exist as part of a developmental continuum between the naïve and primed phases. The formative phase is hypothesised to be enabling for the execution of pluripotency, entailing remodelling of transcriptional, epigenetic, signalling and metabolic networks to constitute multi-lineage competence and responsiveness to specification cues.
Data Fusion Modeling for Groundwater Systems using Generalized Kalman Filtering (2003)

Engineering projects involving groundwater systems are faced with uncertainties because the earth is heterogeneous and data sets are fragmented. Current methods providing support for management decisions are limited by the data types, models, computations, or simplifications. Data fusion modeling (DFM) removes many of the limitations and provides predictive modeling to help close the management control loop. DFM is a spatial and temporal state estimation and system identification methodology that uses three sources of information: measured data, physical laws, and statistical models for uncertainty in spatial heterogeneities and for temporal variation in driving terms. Kalman filtering methods are generalized by introducing information filtering methods due to Bierman coupled with () a Markov random field representation for spatial variation and () the representer method for transient dynamics from physical oceanography. DFM provides benefits for waste management, water supply, and geotechnical applications.
Effectiveness of Altering Serum Cholesterol Levels Without Drugs (2000)

Drug therapy with statins and other agents can result in dramatic lipid-lowering effects. Despite the wealth of data supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacologic therapy on cardiovascular risk, patients often express a desire to accomplish similar goals with diet alone. And, except for patients with extreme cholesterol elevations, consensus panels all promote dietary therapy as an initial step in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This review examines a variety of dietary strategies designed to lower lipid levels, including the American Heart Association diet, the Ornish diet, the Mediterranean diet, exercise, phytosterols, fiber, soy products, and fish oil. Though the declines in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with these methods range from 0% to 37%, cardiovascular risk may be more significantly impacted than would be predicted from these changes alone. Significant benefits can be reaped from nonpharmacologic measures.
Closed Loop MIMO Precoding (2004)

Venue: IEEE 802 Plenary, San Antonio. Texas, U.S.A. Base Document: IEEE C80216e-04/293r2 Purpose: Introduce changes according to IEEEC80216e-04/293r2 to 802.16e/D4 Notice: This document has been prepared to assist IEEE 802.16. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.16.
Route‐dependent stereoselective pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its active<i>O</i>‐demethylated metabolite in rats (2006)

The effects of route of administration on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of tramadol (T) and its active metabolite (M1) were studied in rats. A single 20 mg/kg dose of racemic T was administered through intravenous, intraperitoneal, or oral route to different groups of rats, and blood and urine samples were collected. Samples were analyzed using chiral chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- SD) were estimated by noncompartmental methods. Following intravenous injection, there was no stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of T. Both enantiomers showed clearance values (62.5 +/- 27.2 and 64.4 +/- 39.0 ml/min/kg for (+)- and (-)-T, respectively) that were equal or higher than the reported liver blood flow in rats. Similar to T, the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs) of M1 did not exhibit stereoselectivity after intravenous administration of the parent drug. However, the systemic availability of (+)-T was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of its antipode following intraperitoneal (0.527 +/- 0.240 vs. 0.373 +/- 0.189) and oral (0.307 +/- 0.136 vs. 0.159 +/- 0.115) administrations. The AUC of the M1 enantiomers, on the other hand, remained mostly nonstereoselective regardless of the route of administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of oral T is due to stereoselective first pass metabolism in the liver and, possibly, in the gastrointestinal tract. The direction and extent of stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of T and M1 in rats were in agreement with those previously reported in humans, suggesting that the rat may be a suitable model for enantioselective studies of T pharmacokinetics.
Roll-to-roll microwave pecvd machine for high-barrier film coatings. (1995)

The authors have recently introduced Ovonic Clearcoat, an ECD process using a silica barrier coating technology for plastic films, for use in packaging applications. The 120 A thick coating on 0.5 mil thick PET film, deposited in pilot roll-to-roll equipment provides excellent water vapor barrier performance of less than 1 g/m2/24 hrs. and excellent oxygen barrier performance of less than 1 ml/m2/24 hrs. Additionally, the barrier coating is transparent, colorless, flexible, microwavable and retortable.
Physical Properties of Vapor-Permeable Waterproof Fabrics by Ultrasonic Welding and Seam Sealing (2013)

New techniques of ultrasonic welding and seam sealing have been developed instead of conventional sewing method to improve the performance of seam part of outdoor. The effects of the welding speed, seam sealing speed and washing cycle on the physical properties of seamed fabrics were investigated in this paper. The tenacity of seamed fabrics by welding after seam sealing process is about 70% of the tenacity of the seamed fabrics by conventional sewing after seam sealing process. The increase in speed of welding and seam sealing causes decrease in tenacity of seamed fabrics. The hydrostatic resistance and water vapor transport phenomena of welded fabrics are also discussed. The washing process affects the properties of seamed fabrics very slightly.
Materials design and development of functional materials for industry (2008)

It is now well recognized that we are witnessing a golden age of innovation with novel materials, with discoveries that are important for both basic science and industry. With the development of theory along with computing power, quantum materials design-the synthesis of materials with the desired properties in a controlled way via materials engineering on the atomic scale-is becoming a major component of materials research. Computational prediction based on first-principles calculations has helped to find an efficient way to develop materials that are much needed for industry, as we have seen in the successful development of visible-light sensitized photocatalysts and thermoelectric materials. Close collaboration between theory and experiment is emphasized as an essential for success.
Ezrin-calpain I interactions in gastric parietal cells (1993)

Gastric ezrin, a membrane-cytoskeletal linker with sequence homology to talin and erythrocyte band 4.1, has been associated with the remodeling of parietal cell apical membrane that occurs with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase stimulation. Here we examine the interrelationship between parietal cell ezrin and Ca(2+)-dependent protease activity. Addition of Ca2+ to sonicated gastric gland preparations rendered a relatively selective proteolysis of the 80-kDa ezrin, accompanied by the appearance of a 55-kDa breakdown product. Ca(2+)-dependent proteolysis of ezrin was blocked by E64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, or calpastatin, indicating calpain as the responsible protease. Degradation of ezrin in intact gastric glands was achieved by varying extracellular [Ca2+] and [ionomycin]. Ezrin degradation in situ was rapid and relatively selective, although Ca(2+)-dependent degradation of some spectrin-like bands was also observed. The effect of activated calpain I on parietal cell function was assessed by probing the secretory response to histamine stimulation using [14C]aminopyrine uptake, along with parallel measurements of calpain activity, over a wide range of ionomycin. Activation of calpain, as evidenced by loss of parietal cell ezrin, was correlated with decreased AP uptake by stimulated gastric glands, supporting a role for ezrin in the oxyntic secretory process. The calpain-ezrin interaction established here, and the similarities of calpain with talin and erythrocyte band 4.1, suggest a common feature to this family of ezrin/band 4.1/talin proteins that have been implicated in membrane-cytoskeletal association.
Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Alkylanthranilic Acids <i>via</i> an <i>ortho</i>‐Substituent Effect of the Carboxyl Group of 2‐Halobenzoic Acids at Room Temperature (2009)

Abstract We have developed an efficient copper‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of N ‐alkylanthranilic acids. The protocol uses inexpensive copper(I) iodide/racemic 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diol ( rac ‐BINOL) as the catalyst/ligand system, readily available 2‐halobenzoic acids and aliphatic amines as the starting materials, the coupling reactions were performed at room temperature, and various functionalities in the substrates were tolerated.
Debris Flow (2005)

Abstract The principal features of debris flow are described. One section is devoted to debris‐flow triggering, accounting for the geomechanical criteria by Takahashi (1978) and for most recent hydrological distributed models. In a second section, the rheology of debris flows is described: the theory of dispersive stresses by Bagnold, the kinetic theories of dense gases, and some recent experimental observations about debris flows in equilibrium. A section is devoted to mathematical models and the final section discusses debris flows countermeasures.
Perceptually based learning of shape descriptions for sketch recognition (2006)

We are interested in enabling a generic sketch recognition system that would allow more natural interaction with design tools in various domains, such as mechanical engineering, military planning, logic design, etc. We would like to teach the system the symbols for a particular domain by simply drawing an example of each one -- as easy as it is to teach a person. Studies in cognitive science suggest that, when shown a symbol, people attend preferentially to certain geometric features. Relying on such biases, we built a system capable of learning descriptions of hand-drawn symbols from a single example. The generalization power is derived from a qualitative vocabulary reflecting human perceptual categories and a focus on perceptually relevant global properties of the symbol. Our user study shows that the system agrees with the subjects' majority classification about as often as any individual subject did.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Terpene Synthesis (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fabrication and characterization of an all-solid 2D photonic bandgap fiber with a low-loss region (< 20 dB/km) around 1550 nm (2005)

The fabrication and characterization of an all-solid photonic bandgap fiber is reported. The fiber presents a low-loss region (< 20 dB/km) around 1550 nm and can be used as single-mode even for a fiber core diameter as large as 20 microm. The fiber presents a zero dispersion at the short wavelength edge of the bandgap. The measured polarisation mode dispersion is wavelength dependent but remains small (few ps/km1/2). This fiber opens the possibility to realize low-loss large mode area bandgap fiber with a doped core and or Bragg gratings.
Analysis of SH-Wave Propagation in Magnetoelastic Fiber-Reinforced Layer Resting over Inhomogeneous Viscoelastic Half-Space with Corrugation (2021)

The analysis of the wave propagation phenomenon on magnetoelastic fiber-reinforced (MEFR) composites has not yet been much explored. The present paper investigates the dispersive behavior of SH waves in a MEFR crustal layer lying over an inhomogeneous viscoelastic half-space under the action of corrugated boundary surfaces. The MEFR material is polarized in the x1-axis direction. The exponential variation of the space variable, which is pointing positively downward, causes inhomogeneity in the inhomogeneous viscoelastic half-space. The frequency relation of SH-wave propagation on the considered composite structure is obtained by employing a variable-separable technique, Whittaker’s equation, and nontraditional boundary conditions. The profound effect of material parameters, corrugation, undulatory, inhomogeneity, and viscoelasticity on the phase velocity of SH waves is discussed with the help of numerical calculations and shown by graphical illustrations. The obtained result is well-matched with the classical case of a Love wave for validation, and is discussed as one of the problem’s special cases. The findings of this research may be useful in interpreting geomechanical, geological, and geodynamical applications within the Earth’s crust, which contains natural resources.
Voltage Contrast and EBIC Failure Isolation Techniques (2007)

Abstract Voltage contrast followed by electron beam induced current imaging is an effective approach for isolating IC failures. This article briefly reviews the physics of signal generation for both techniques and presents several examples illustrating how this powerful combination contributes to advanced defect localization.
Detection of convergent and parallel evolution at the amino acid sequence level (1997)

Adaptive evolution at the molecular level can be studied by detecting convergent and parallel evolution at the amino acid sequence level. For a set of homologous protein sequences, the ancestral amino acids at all interior nodes of the phylogenetic tree of the proteins can be statistically inferred. The amino acid sites that have experienced convergent or parallel changes on independent evolutionary lineages can then be identified by comparing the amino acids at the beginning and end of each lineage. At present, the efficiency of the methods of ancestral sequence inference in identifying convergent and parallel changes is unknown. More seriously, when we identify convergent or parallel changes, it is unclear whether these changes are attributable to random chance. For these reasons, claims of convergent and parallel evolution at the amino acid sequence level have been disputed. We have conducted computer simulations to assess the efficiencies, of the parsimony and Bayesian methods of ancestral sequence inference in identifying convergent and parallel-change sites. Our results showed that the Bayesian method performs better than the parsimony method in identifying parallel changes, and both methods are inefficient in identifying convergent changes. However, the Bayesian method is recommended for estimating the number of convergent-change sites because it gives a conservative estimate. We have developed statistical tests for examining whether the observed numbers of convergent and parallel changes are due to random chance. As an example, we reanalyzed the stomach lysozyme sequences of foregut fermenters and found that parallel evolution is statistically significant, whereas convergent evolution is not well supported.
On working with veterans: What social work and nursing students need to know (2015)

Background: Specialised care for veterans and military families is needed to respond to the unique health problems they experience. However, specific components of such training have yet to be examined. Purpose: This investigation aimed to gather feedback from social work and nursing students on their experiences in a veteran-specific clinical placement to determine content for a new inter-professional training program at a large northeastern US university. Materials and Methods: Two focus groups were conducted, one with master of social work students (n=8) and one with master's level nursing students (n=4), all of whom had recent clinical placements in a veteran-specific site. A semi-structured interview guide was followed. Results: Three broad categories of themes emerged from the data: challenges encountered (including challenges related to forming relationships with veterans and in working in the American Veterans Affairs healthcare system); strategies for responding to these challenges; and insights for training future clinicians. Conclusion: Clinical training programs should consider including content that will both prepare students to work with veterans and military families and to face the challenges that exist in healthcare systems. Specialised training that includes military culture and problems specific to the population may help improve outcomes for veterans and military families.