gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Work capacity and space-time organization of cerebral biopotentials in operators against a background of rhythmic light interference]. (1990)

The effect of light 12 Hz stimulus on the productivity of operator's functions and intercentral integration of neocortical systems was studied in terms of biopotential space-time parameters. EEGs from 8 neocortical areas were recorded in 18 subjects playing an electronic game with a computer (simulated operator's function). A microcomputer Electronika-60 was used for automatic analysis of EEG (spectral-coherent analysis) and operator's efficiency. Light 12 Hz stimulus caused a significant (36%) decrease of operator's productivity (p less than 0.05). In the case of light flickering the density of biopotentials corresponding to the light stimulus frequency increased significantly (30-52%) (p less than 0.05). Coherence of this frequency grew by 17-40%. However, in the 6-8 Hz band the spectral density and coherence of biopotentials of the frontal, motor and parietal areas decreased by 16-21% and 14-23%, respectively (p less than 0.05). Light effects produced disorders in interhemisphere asymmetry. Changes in the spectral parameters of motor areas of the left and right hemispheres and disturbances of interhemisphere interaction were detected. It is assumed that the resistance of the motor control system to light stimulus during operator's activity depends on the resistance of space-time integration of functionally important areas to the synchronizing effect of light interference.
Invited Presentation (2021)

AI now and in future will have to grapple continuously with the problem of low resource. AI will increasingly be ML intensive. But ML needs data often with annotation. However, annotation is costly. Over the years, through work on multiple problems, we have developed insight into how to do language processing in low resource setting. Following 6 methods—individually and in combination—seem to be the way forward: 1) Artificially augment resource (e.g. subwords) 2) Cooperative NLP (e.g., pivot in MT) 3) Linguistic embellishment (e.g. factor based MT, source reordering) 4) Joint Modeling (e.g., Coref and NER, Sentiment and Emotion: each task helping the other to either boost accuracy or reduce resource requirement) 5) Multimodality (e.g., eye tracking based NLP, also picture+text+speech based Sentiment Analysis) 6)Cross Lingual Embedding (e.g., embedding from multiple languages helping MT, close to 2 above) The present talk will focus on low resource machine translation. We describe the use of techniques from the above list and bring home the seriousness and methodology of doing Machine Translation in low resource settings.
Logic simulation on massively parallel architectures (1989)

This work examines the mapping of logic simulation onto massively parallel computer architectures. We discuss alternative communication primitives for a massively parallel instruction set architecture and the impact of the choice of communication primitives on logic simulation. We have developed compilation tools to automatically map the simulation of an MOS transistor circuit onto a massively parallel computer. We analyze the efficiency of this mapping as a function of the available communication primitives. The compilation process is illustrated by describing our pilot implementation on a 32k processor Connection Machine.
The Tyrosine Kinase Adaptor Protein FRS2 Is Oncogenic and Amplified in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2014)

These studies identify FRS2 as an amplified oncogene in a subset of HGSOC. FRS2 expression is essential to ovarian cancer cells that harbor 12q15 amplification.
Characterization of three peptides derived from prosomatostatin [prosomatostatin-(1–63)-, -(65–76)- and -(79–92)-peptides] in a human pancreatic tumour (1987)

By using only reverse-phase h.p.l.c., three fragments of prosomatostatin were isolated from an extract of a human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour that produced somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and gastrin-releasing peptide. The amino acid composition of the peptides indicated that they represented prosomatostatin-(1-63)-peptide, prosomatostain-(65-76)-peptide and prosomatostatin-(79-92)-peptide (somatostatin-14). The identity of prosomatostatin-(1-63)-peptide was confirmed by characterization of the products of digestion with Armillaria mellea (honey fungus) proteinase. Partial micro-sequencing of prosomatostatin-(1-63)-peptide showed that the Gly24-Ala25 bond of preprosomatostatin was the site of cleavage of the signal peptide. Thus human prosomatostatin is a protein of 92 amino acid residues that is proteolytically cleaved in a pancreatic tumour at the site of a dibasic-residue (arginine-lysine) processing site and at a single-monobasic-residue (arginine) processing site.
The tyrosine phosphatase DEP-1 induces cytoskeletal rearrangements, aberrant cell-substratum interactions and a reduction in cell proliferation (2004)

The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) has been implicated in aberrant cancer cell growth and immune cell function, however, its function within cells has yet to be properly elucidated. To investigate the cellular function of DEP-1, stable cell lines inducibly expressing DEP-1 were generated. Induction of DEP-1 expression was found to decrease PDGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of cellular proteins including the PDGF receptor, and to inhibit growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of components of the MAPK pathway, indicating that DEP-1 antagonised PDGF receptor signalling. This was supported by data showing that DEP-1 expression resulted in a reduction in cell proliferation. DEP-1-expressing cells had fewer actin-containing microfilament bundles, reduced vinculin and paxillin-containing adhesion plaques, and were defective in interactions with fibronectin. Defective cell-substratum adhesion correlated with lack of activation of FAK in DEP-1-expressing cells. Time-lapse interference reflection microscopy of live cells revealed that although small focal contacts at the leading edge were generated in DEP-1-expressing cells, they failed to mature into stable focal adhesions, as found in control cells. Further motility analysis revealed that DEP-1-expressing cells retained limited random motility, but showed no chemotaxis towards a gradient of PDGF. In addition, cell-cell contacts were disrupted, with a change in the localisation of cadherin from discrete areas of cell-cell contact to large areas of membrane interaction, and there was a parallel redistribution of beta-catenin. These results demonstrate that DEP-1 is a negative regulator of cell proliferation, cell-substratum contacts, motility and chemotaxis in fibroblasts.
Molybdenum Rhenium (MoRe®) as a Biologically Superior Alloy for Foot and Ankle Implants (2018)

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: The most common complications in orthopaedic surgery of the foot and ankle documented in the literature are postoperative infections with a frequency between 1 and 8%. The development of an implant-associated infection can be a potentially devastating complication following foot and ankle surgery. This leads to a high number of revision surgeries after initial fracture stabilization and potential loss of function of the joint and quality of life in the long-term follow-up. Titanium, the most commonly used alloy for foot and ankle implants, has limited strength and is notch-sensitive so repetitive stress leads to fatigue failure of implants and limits design options. Better materials with both optimized mechanical and biological properties could result in the development of superior foot and ankle implants. Methods: Several studies were performed to evaluate the biological properties of MoRe®: A study was conducted to characterize the hydrophilic properties by contact angle comparisons of the MoRe alloy compared to Titanium. A cell growth study was conducted to look at the influence of MoRe alloy on osteoblast growth and differentiation as compared to Titanium. A bone implantation study was conducted based on ISO 10993: Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Part 6: Tests for Local Effects after Implantation to evaluate the local tissue and bone response of MoRe® alloy test coupon compared to Titanium controls, when implanted in the mid-shaft femoral bone of rabbits for 4, 13 and 26 weeks. Biofilm formation study was conducted to quantify attachment and biofilm development of S. aureus bacteria upon MoRe® alloy in comparison to CoCr alloy in a well-controlled, reproducible, ex vivo laboratory experiment. Results: MoRe®, composed purely (99.99%) of molybdenum and rhenium, is a cofactor to the enzymes xanthine and sulfite oxidase, which are essential to bone metabolism. Rhenium is an inert metal with no biological affect. MoRe® has superior hydrophilicity (CA 37°±3°) compared to Titanium (CA 58°±3°), a key factor in cell adhesion, migration and replication. Pre-osteoblast cell seeding was found to be equivalent between MoRe° and Titanium alloy (10,000 cells/cm2). The bone implantation study demonstrated continued bone maturation over time for both MoRe® and Titanium implant sites with similar osteoconduction and bone remodeling histology of the cortical and medullary bone at 4, 13 and 26 weeks. The biofilm study found that S. aureus better colonized cobalt chrome alloy in comparison to MoRe® (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The MoRe® alloy, with its advantageous biological properties and hydrophilicity, offers great promise for the design of a new generation of bio-friendly foot and ankle implants with superior cell growth, osseointegration and biofilm resistance resulting in better outcomes for patients.
Buspirone analogs. 2. Structure-activity relationships of aromatic imide derivatives (1986)

Several analogues of the novel anxiolytic buspirone were synthesized and evaluated in vivo for tranquilizing activity and their ability to reverse neuroleptic-induced catalepsy. The in vitro binding affinities of these compounds were also examined for both the alpha 1 and dopamine D2 receptor systems. The general structure-activity relationships of this series highlight compounds 17, 21, and 32 as having anticonflict activity. Each of these structures contains the 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine moiety linked by a tetramethylene chain to a variable cyclic imide moiety. Compound 32 (4,4-dimethyl-1-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-2,6- piperidinedione) was found to be equipotent with buspirone in its anxiolytic activity and was therefore selected for extensive preclinical characterization. The pharmacology of buspirone and 32 is contrasted, and the potent serotonin agonist properties of 32 are discussed with reference to its potential contribution to the anxioselective mechanism of this compound.
Effect of mask-roughness on printed contact-size variation in extreme-ultraviolet lithography (2005)

Relying on reflective mask technology, extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is particularly vulnerable to mask substrate roughness. Previous research has shown mask roughness to play a significant role in printed line-edge roughness (LER). Here the analysis of mask-roughness effects is extended to printed contact-size variations. Unlike LER, illumination partial coherence is found to have little affect on the results for contacts that are near the diffraction limit. Analysis shows that, given the current state-of-the-art EUV mask, mask roughness has a significant effect on the process window for small contacts. The analysis also shows that a significant portion of the contact-size variation observed in recent 0.1-numerical-aperture EUV exposures can be attributed to the mask-roughness effect studied here.
Vocatio Specialis (2012)

How to cite this article Anand A. Vocatio Specialis. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(1):24.
B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review (2016)

The B-vitamins comprise a group of eight water soluble vitamins that perform essential, closely inter-related roles in cellular functioning, acting as co-enzymes in a vast array of catabolic and anabolic enzymatic reactions. Their collective effects are particularly prevalent to numerous aspects of brain function, including energy production, DNA/RNA synthesis/repair, genomic and non-genomic methylation, and the synthesis of numerous neurochemicals and signaling molecules. However, human epidemiological and controlled trial investigations, and the resultant scientific commentary, have focused almost exclusively on the small sub-set of vitamins (B9/B12/B6) that are the most prominent (but not the exclusive) B-vitamins involved in homocysteine metabolism. Scant regard has been paid to the other B vitamins. This review describes the closely inter-related functions of the eight B-vitamins and marshals evidence suggesting that adequate levels of all members of this group of micronutrients are essential for optimal physiological and neurological functioning. Furthermore, evidence from human research clearly shows both that a significant proportion of the populations of developed countries suffer from deficiencies or insufficiencies in one or more of this group of vitamins, and that, in the absence of an optimal diet, administration of the entire B-vitamin group, rather than a small sub-set, at doses greatly in excess of the current governmental recommendations, would be a rational approach for preserving brain health.
Pathological scarring: strategic interventions. (2002)

Aberrant cutaneous scar formation is a substantial cause of postoperative morbidity. There is at present no clear consensus on the best way to prevent or treat such scarring, although recently there has been considerable progress in developing an understanding of the mechanisms of tissue repair and scarring. We carried out a literature review using Medline to establish the current understanding of the key events occurring during tissue repair and to identify potential causes of scarring. We now review the key events during tissue repair and the pathogenesis of fibroproliferative disease. Tissue repair is achieved through a multistranded, elegantly coordinated process within which the balance between synthesis and breakdown of matrix is upset during fibrotic disease. Scars form because the signals directing tissue repair are not correctly terminated, and while the initiation and propagation of repair is well understood the signals that direct its cessation have yet to be elucidated.
Distribution and removal of human serum albumin‐technetium 99m instilled intranasally. (1976)

The efficacy of antiviral drugs and vaccines administered intranasally may depend upon the technique of application. The distribution and time-course of removal of human serum albumin-technetium 99m (HSA-Tc 99m)-instilled intranasally were studied in eleven healthy volunteers using a gamma camera and an anterior sodium iodide scintillation detector. In 100 randomized studies material was delivered as drops in the supine position or as a spray to seated subjects. A significantly higher proportion of 'good' distributions (62 in 73 tests) was obtained with drops compared with spray (1 in 27). The volume administered was varied between 0.10 ml and 0.75 ml and the concentration of HSA was changed from 3 to 30% with no significant effect upon the distribution of time-course of removal; pertechnetate in isotonic saline was distributed and removed in a manner comparable to HSA-Tc 99m. Activity recorded by the detector showed an initial rapid fall associated with removal of most of the material from the nasal cavity, followed by a slower decline associated with the removal of material mainly from the anterior region of the nose. A multidose study confirmed that frequent administration by drops is required to maintain a high level of activity in the nasal cavity. Using this technique it should be possible to correlate measurements of antiviral efficacy and vaccines take-rates with certain characteristics of intranasal applicators; such studies may lead to the design of better devices.
Successful induction of immune responses against mutant <i>ras</i> in melanoma patients using intradermal injection of peptides and GM‐CSF as adjuvant (2001)

The rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rate of malignant melanoma, together with the lack of efficient treatment of the late stages, makes it a serious threat to public health. Innovative new treatments are needed. The proteins of the ras-family of proto-oncogenes, functioning as relay switches for signalling pathways between cell surface and nucleus, are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and transformation. If over-expressed or mutated they can induce and/or maintain a transformed state of a cell. Codon 61 mutations of N-ras seem to be involved in melanoma development on sun exposed sites. In order to induce an immune response towards mutated N-ras proteins we performed a phase 1 feasibility study. Ten melanoma patients were immunized intradermally 6 times with N-ras peptides (residue 49-73) with 4 codon 61 mutations using GM-CSF as adjuvant. HLA typing was not used as an inclusion criterion. Eight patients responded with strong delayed type hypersensitivity reactions. In 2 of the patients an in vitro response to the vaccine could also be detected. The specificity of the reaction could be confirmed by cloning of peptide-specific CD4 positive T cells from peripheral blood of the patients. Intradermal injection of ras peptides using GM-CSF as adjuvant is simple to perform and seems to be efficient in inducing cellular immune responses. Since a majority of the patients showed positive skin reactions and 2 of the patients analysed showed a T-helper response to this melanoma specific antigen, these promiscuous HLA class II binding mutant ras peptides may be candidates for inclusion into vaccine cocktails containing various established CTL epitopes.
5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor signaling in serotonin transporter-knockout rats: a female sex-specific animal model of visceral hypersensitivity (2018)

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal motor and visceral sensation disorder that is more common in women than men. Female serotonin transporter (SERT)-gene knockout (KO) rats exhibit hypersensitivity to colorectal balloon distention (CRD) that mimics colonic hypersensitivity occurring in female IBS patients. Alosetron (5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist) is used to treat diarrhea-predominant IBS in female patients. Other 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonists are ineffective at treating IBS symptoms. The visceromotor response (VMR) to CRD in SERT-KO and wild-type (WT) rats was measured following subcutaneous (sc), intracerobroventricular (icv), or intrathecal (it) treatment with 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonists and an agonist. Alosetron (sc) and granisetron (antagonists) caused a paradoxical increase in the VMR to CRD in SERT-KO female rats. Alosetron (sc) increased the VMR to CRD in WT male rats. Alosetron (it) increased the VMR to CRD in SERT-KO female rats only, and the 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor agonist SR-52772 increased the VMR to CRD in SERT-KO male rats. Depletion of spinal 5-HT using 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine prevented the increase in VMR to CRD in SERT-KO female and male rats treated it with alosetron and SR-52772, respectively. Alosetron (icv) did not affect the VMR to CRD in WT or KO female rats, but it increased the VMR in male SERT-KO but not WT male rats. These data suggest that 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor signaling at the dorsal spinal cord mediates visceral hypersensitivity in female SERT-KO rats. Such differences could facilitate development of sex-specific drug treatments for visceral pain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied a model of female sex-specific visceral hypersensitivity using rats that had a loss of function of the serotonin transporter (SERT) caused by gene truncation. Female SERT-KO rats exhibited visceral hypersensitivity in response to colorectal balloon distention. We found that increased 5-HT signaling at dorsal spine 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptors was responsible for visceral hypersensitivity in female but not male SERT-KO rats.
Trans Dialkoxylation of Cyclic Alkenes: A Prévost-Type Reaction (2005)

Reaction of anhydrous silver perchlorate, sym-collidine, and iodine (2:1:1 molar ratio) with cyclic alkenes and an excess of an alcohol in CH2Cl2 affords trans-1,2-dialkoxycycloalkanes in high yields and purity. The reaction occurs via initial formation of the trans-iodoethers, which undergo Ag-assisted iodide abstraction to give the trans-diethers.
HIV-1 Escape from the CCR5 Antagonist Maraviroc Associated with an Altered and Less-Efficient Mechanism of gp120-CCR5 Engagement That Attenuates Macrophage Tropism (2011)

Maraviroc (MVC) inhibits the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to and modifying the conformation of the CCR5 extracellular loops (ECLs). Resistance to MVC results from alterations in the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoproteins (Env) enabling recognition of the drug-bound conformation of CCR5. To better understand the mechanisms underlying MVC resistance, we characterized the virus-cell interactions of gp120 from in vitro-generated MVC-resistant HIV-1 (MVC-Res Env), comparing them with those of gp120 from the sensitive parental virus (MVC-Sens Env). In the absence of the drug, MVC-Res Env maintains a highly efficient interaction with CCR5, similar to that of MVC-Sens Env, and displays a relatively modest increase in dependence on the CCR5 N terminus. However, in the presence of the drug, MVC-Res Env interacts much less efficiently with CCR5 and becomes critically dependent on the CCR5 N terminus and on positively charged elements of the drug-modified CCR5 ECL1 and ECL2 regions (His88 and His181, respectively). Structural analysis suggests that the Val323 resistance mutation in the gp120 V3 loop alters the secondary structure of the V3 loop and the buried surface area of the V3 loop-CCR5 N terminus interface. This altered mechanism of gp120-CCR5 engagement dramatically attenuates the entry of HIV-1 into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), cell-cell fusion activity in MDM, and viral replication capacity in MDM. In addition to confirming that HIV-1 escapes MVC by becoming heavily dependent on the CCR5 N terminus, our results reveal novel interactions with the drug-modified ECLs that are critical for the utilization of CCR5 by MVC-Res Env and provide additional insights into virus-cell interactions that modulate macrophage tropism.