gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of NF-κB in airway epithelial cells is dependent on CFTR trafficking and Cl<sup>−</sup> channel function (2001)

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte-dominated airway inflammation is a major component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and may be associated with CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction as well as infection. Mutant DeltaF508 CFTR is mistrafficked, accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and may cause "cell stress" and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. G551D mutants also lack Cl- channel function, but CFTR is trafficked normally. We compared the effects of CFTR mutations on the endogenous activation of an NF-kappaB reporter construct. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, the mistrafficked DeltaF508 allele caused a sevenfold activation of NF-kappaB compared with wild-type CFTR or the G551D mutant (P < 0.001). NF-kappaB was also activated in 9/HTEo-/pCep-R cells and in 16HBE/pcftr antisense cell lines, which lack CFTR Cl- channel function but do not accumulate mutant protein in the ER. This endogenous activation of NF-kappaB was associated with elevated interleukin-8 expression. Impaired CFTR Cl- channel activity as well as cell stress due to accumulation of mistrafficked CFTR in the ER contributes to the endogenous activation of NF-kappaB in cells with the CFTR mutation.
Clustering in carboxylated polysulfone ionomers: A characterization by dynamic mechanical and small-angle X-ray scattering methods (1999)

The dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of carboxylated polysulfone ionomers were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. It was found that at 25 mol % of ions, ionomers show two glass transitions: one at about 200 °C (the matrix Tg) and the other at about 235 °C (the cluster Tg). It was also found that with increasing ion content up to about 37 mol %, the matrix Tg shifted to higher temperatures and the size of tan δ peak decreased. The cluster Tg did not change. From the results, it is suggested that even at high ion content, the ionomers contain a significant amount of unclustered material, but that the increase in the ion content does not increase the amount of clustered material. SAXS profiles showed the ionic peak, which represents the presence of multiplets in the cluster regions. In addition, the difference in the matrix and cluster Tg's of this ionomer system was found to be about 35°. Thus, it is postulated that ionic group aggregation is subject to steric hindrance owing to the bulkiness of benzene ring, and tension on polymer chains surrounding the multiplet owing to chain rigidity, which limit the size and stability of the multiplet significantly. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3226–3232, 1999
CMOS Inverter Based on Schottky Source–Drain MOS Technology With Low-Temperature Dopant Segregation (2011)

This letter demonstrates the integration of complementary dopant-segregated Schottky barrier MOSFETs into CMOS inverters. The implementation of a valence-band-edge silicide, namely, PtSi, associated to arsenic (As) and boron (B) low-temperature segregation is validated for the first time at the circuit level. Current drives for n- and p-type devices are I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> = 596/378 μA/μm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> = |1.1 V| and |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> | = 2 V to account for the 2.4-nm gate oxide thickness. Excellent inverter voltage transfer characteristics, large voltage gain, and appreciable noise margins have been obtained down to 0.5 V of supply voltage.
Photorealistic Audio-driven Video Portraits (2020)

Video portraits are common in a variety of applications, such as videoconferencing, news broadcasting, and virtual education and training. We present a novel method to synthesize photorealistic video portraits for an input portrait video, automatically driven by a person's voice. The main challenge in this task is the hallucination of plausible, photorealistic facial expressions from input speech audio. To address this challenge, we employ a parametric 3D face model represented by geometry, facial expression, illumination, etc., and learn a mapping from audio features to model parameters. The input source audio is first represented as a high-dimensional feature, which is used to predict facial expression parameters of the 3D face model. We then replace the expression parameters computed from the original target video with the predicted one, and rerender the reenacted face. Finally, we generate a photorealistic video portrait from the reenacted synthetic face sequence via a neural face renderer. One appealing feature of our approach is the generalization capability for various input speech audio, including synthetic speech audio from text-to-speech software. Extensive experimental results show that our approach outperforms previous general-purpose audio-driven video portrait methods. This includes a user study demonstrating that our results are rated as more realistic than previous methods.
Electro-optic bistability in a LiNbO <sub>3</sub> microdisk resonator (2008)

The authors experimentally demonstrate feedback-controlled electro-optic bistability in the whispering gallery travelling-wave optical resonance of a LiNbO3 microdisk. Simulations confirm the physical origin of the behaviour.
A Scalable and Effective DDS Participant Discovery Mechanism (2009)

The DDS (Data Distribution Service) is a data-centric communication technology that provides an efficient communication service that supports a dynamic plug & play through an automatic setting of participants' location information for each data (Topic) by using DDS discovery technique. This paper proposes the hierarchical-structured DDS discovery technique (SPDP-TBF) suitable for the large-scale distributed systems by comparing and analyzing the existing DDS discovery techniques in terms of performance and problem areas. The proposed SPDP-TBF performs the periodic discovery of the involved participants only by having separate hierarchical managers which take charge of the registration and search (of participants) so that a participant sends its information to the related participants only, and it enhances the effectiveness of the message transfer. Moreover, the proposed SPDP-TBF provides the improved scalability by performing the hierarchical discovery through hierarchical manager nodes so that it can be applied to the large-scale distributed system.
Thermal and living anionic polymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl piperidine (2014)

Elevated temperatures that are often required for controlled radical polymerization processes lead to the thermal autopolymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl piperidine. In situ FTIR spectroscopy monitored 4-vinylbenzyl piperidine autopolymerization, and pseudo-first-order thermal polymerization kinetics provided observed rate constants (kobs). Arrhenius analysis determined the thermal activation energy (Ea) for 4-vinylbenzyl piperidine, revealing an activation energy requirement 80 kJ mol−1 less than styrene due to the presence of the piperidine ring. The similarities in chemical structure of styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl piperidine suggested a thermally initiated polymerization according to the Mayo mechanism; however, the piperidine substituent enabled a proposed cationic polymerization to enhance overall polymerization rates. In the absence of thermal polymerization, living anionic polymerization of 4-vinylbenzyl piperidine provided a viable strategy for achieving piperidine-containing polymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. This study also reports piperidine-containing polymeric precursors for subsequent alkylation to form novel piperidinium ionomers and polyelectrolytes.
Nerve growth factor suppresses the transforming phenotype of human prolactinomas. (1993)

The most effective therapy of human prolactinomas is represented by dopamine D-2 receptor agonists; there is, however, a population of nonresponder patients who require surgical intervention. In the present study, we report that prolactinomas totally resistant to pharmacological therapy have a high potential of both growing in soft agar and forming tumors in nude mice and lack D-2 receptors for dopamine. These tumors express the receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF) and are sensitive to its differentiating activity. After exposure to NGF for 4 days, prolactinoma cells decreased their proliferation rate, lost their capability to form colonies in soft agar, lost their tumorigenic activity in nude mice, and reexpressed the lactotroph-specific D-2 receptor protein inhibiting prolactin release. These effects were permanent after NGF withdrawal and were reproducible in vivo in nude mice transplanted with the tumors. NGF in fact remarkably and lastingly depressed tumor growth and induced expression of D-2 receptors when injected intravenously once a day for 5 days into prolactinoma-bearing nude mice. These data suggest that NGF may induce a long-lasting switch of gene expression in human prolactinomas, modifying their transforming phenotype and reverting them to more differentiated, less malignant, dopamine-sensitive lactotroph-like cells. The possibility thus arises that short-term treatment with NGF may restore the refractory patients to conventional pharmacological therapy with D-2 agonists.
Providing real-time security support for multi-level ad-hoc networks (2003)

Digital battlefields have different settings from the existing communication networks like the Internet or cellular networks, which are established on permanent infrastructures and transaction/session-based applications. The constantly changing tactical environment may demand many real-time needs in both data collection and data delivery. We propose a solution that employs: (i) portable mobile real-time data collectors; and (ii) multi-level ad-hoc networks with high-throughput communication channels to gather and deliver multimedia data at real time in digital battlefields, hence providing effective real-time communication and coordination support for all tactical units. This paper studies how to ensure data privacy in such environments. We define the set of metrics to provide quantified security supports to multimedia streams collected and transmitted at real time. Our implementation and measurements on portable mobile devices demonstrate that the metrics are useful in evaluating modern cipher algorithms based on their encryption performance and other throughput requirements.
Examining the Impact of a Novel Blood Glucose Monitor With Color Range Indicator on Decision-Making in Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and its Association With Patient Numeracy Level (2017)

Insulin- and noninsulin-using subjects were each more inclined to act when glucose results were shown with color, and associating glucose results with color was viewed as particularly beneficial by subjects with lower numeracy.
Understanding Mechanisms for Liquid Dropout from Horizontal Shale Gas Condensate Wells (2014)

Abstract The presence of nanopores in tight, rich-gas-condensate wells (3,000 to ~10,000 scf/STB) may hold long-term gas/oil ratio (GOR) trends constant with time as observed in production data from some North American shales. This finding contrasts with some of the numerical simulation forecasts performed on calibrated pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) models based on bulk laboratory PVT data. Research efforts have pointed to a decrease in the PVT phase envelopes of hydrocarbon fluids confined in nanopores. This would delay the onset of dew point pressure and condensate liquid dropout and could be one of the causes of the observed constant producing GOR in the wells studied. An understanding of fluid properties in nanopores is fundamental to predicting the onset of condensate dropout in shale reservoirs. One approach may be molecular dynamics simulations that can shed the light on the difference in behavior of larger-chain hydrocarbon molecules at kerogen surfaces and bulk pore space. Additionally, shale gas condensate production management may be more fully optimized by understanding both the effects of hydraulic fracture degradation with drawdown and liquid dropout in the production string. An integrated approach of this kind can help optimize liquid-rich shale reservoir production management.
ACOUSTIC EVENT DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION IN SMART-ROOM ENVIRONMENTS: EVALUATION OF CHIL PROJECT SYSTEMS (2006)

The identification of acoustic events that are produced in a meeting room environment may help to detect and describe the human and social activity that takes place in the room. In the framework of the CHIL project, three different sites have developed and tested several preliminary systems for acoustic event classification (AEC) and acoustic event detection (AED). A primary AED evaluation task with the testing portions of the isolated sound databases and the seminar recordings produced in CHIL was designed, and it was carried out in February 2006. Additionally, a secondary AEC evaluation task was carried out using only the isolated sound databases. In this paper, a short description of the systems is presented, and the evaluation setup and results, for both AED and AEC, are reported and discussed. 1.
Initial test of MITA/DIMM with an operational CBP system (2018)

The MITA (Motion Imagery Task Analyzer) project was conceived by CBP OA (Customs and Border Protection - Office of Acquisition) and executed by JHU/APL (Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory) and CERDEC NVESD MSD (Communications and Electronics Research Development Engineering Command Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate Modeling and Simulation Division). The intent was to develop an efficient methodology whereby imaging system performance could be quickly and objectively characterized in a field setting. The initial design, development, and testing spanned a period of approximately 18 months with the initial project coming to a conclusion after testing of the MITA system in June 2017 with a fielded CBP system. The NVESD contribution to MITA was thermally heated target resolution boards deployed to support a range close to the sensor and, when possible, at range with the targets of interest. JHU/APL developed a laser DIMM (Differential Image Motion Monitor) system designed to measure the optical turbulence present along the line of sight of the imaging system during the time of image collection. The imagery collected of the target board was processed to calculate the in situ system resolution. This in situ imaging system resolution and the time-correlated turbulence measured by the DIMM system were used in NV-IPM (Night Vision Integrated Performance Model) to calculate the theoretical imaging system performance. Overall, this proves the MITA concept feasible. However, MITA is still in the initial phases of development and requires further verification and validation to ensure accuracy and reliability of both the instrument and the imaging system performance predictions.
Review article: the pathophysiology of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (2007)

The pathophysiology of GERD is multifactorial, and abnormalities in the gastro-oesophageal junction, the stomach, the oesophagus and the nervous system may all contribute to this disease state.
Excitatory amino acid involvement in dendritic spine formation, maintenance and remodelling (2009)

In the central nervous system, most excitatory synapses occur on dendritic spines, which are small protrusions from the dendritic tree. In the mature cortex and hippocampus, dendritic spines are heterogeneous in shape. It has been shown that the shapes of the spine can affect synapse stability and synaptic function. Dendritic spines are highly motile structures that can undergo actin-dependent shape changes, which occur over a time scale ranging from seconds to tens of minutes or even days. The formation, remodelling and elimination of excitatory synapses on dendritic spines represent ways of refining the microcircuitry in the brain. Here I review the current knowledge on the effects of modulation of AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors on dendritic spine formation, motility and remodelling.
New insights into the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy: from haemodynamics to molecular pathology (2004)

Although debated for many years whether haemodynamic or structural changes are more important in the development of diabetic nephropathy, it is now clear that these processes are interwoven and present two sides of one coin. On a molecular level, hyperglycaemia and proteins altered by high blood glucose such as Amadori products and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are key players in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Recent evidence suggests that an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induced by high glucose-mediated activation of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain is an early event in the development of diabetic complications. A variety of growth factors and cytokines are then induced through complex signal transduction pathways involving protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. High glucose, AGEs, and ROS act in concert to induce growth factors and cytokines. Particularly, TGF-beta is important in the development of renal hypertrophy and accumulation of extracellular matrix components. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system by high glucose, mechanical stress, and proteinuria with an increase in local formation of angiotensin II (ANG II) causes many of the pathophysiological changes associated with diabetic nephropathy. In fact, it has been shown that angiotensin II is involved in almost every pathophysiological process implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy (haemodynamic changes, hypertrophy, extracellular matrix accumulation, growth factor/cytokine induction, ROS formation, podocyte damage, proteinuria, interstitial inflammation). Consequently, blocking these deleterious effects of ANG II is an essential part of every therapeutic regiment to prevent and treat diabetic nephropathy. Recent evidence suggests that regression of diabetic nephropathy could be achieved under certain circumstances.
Coping and Adjustment in Male and Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse (1997)

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of childhood sexual abuse for male and female survivors, characteristics of the abuse experience, current coping strategies, and current psychological adjustment. Nineteen male and 59 female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, recruited from both local and national support groups, completed a background questionnaire, dispositional coping inventories measuring current and retrospective abuse-specific coping styles, and measures of current psychological adjustment. In response to sexual abuse experienced during childhood, avoidance coping emerged as the most frequently used strategy by both sexes. Although there were no gender differences in current use of problem-focused and avoidance strategies, males related more use of acceptance whereas females utilized more emotion-focused coping. In general* females reported significantly greater trauma-related distress than males, including higher levels of anxiety, depression, and post-trauma symptoms.
<scp>L</scp> ‐Glutamic Acid Production (2010)

Introduction Synthetic Pathway of l-Glutamic acid l-Glutamic Acid Fermentation Metabolic Mechanisms of l-Glutamic Acid Production Change of the Membrane-Permeation System Other Factors for Excess Formation of l-Glutamic Acid Industrial Production of Monosodium Glutamate Fermentation Processes Raw Materials Purification: Direct Concentration and Crystallization Future Prospects of Commercial Monosodium l-Glutamate Production Genetic Recombination Technology Continuous Fermentation Replacement of Raw Materials: l-Glutamic Acid Fermentation with Petrochemicals Environmental Problems References
The development of exo-erythrocytic schizonts of<i>Plasmodium berghei in vitro</i>from gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated sporozoites: a study using confocal laser scanning microscopy (1991)

Confocal scanning laser microscopy has been used to study the distribution of antigens expressed by the liver stages of Plasmodium berghei in cultured hepatoma cells. The 3-dimensional images obtained of intact parasites clearly show complex patterns of antigen expression not apparent when using conventional IFAT or immunoelectron microscopy. A liver-stage specific antigen (Pbl 1) was shown to be confined to the parasitophorous vacuole; the vacuole has extensive diverticulae extending into the host cell. Small parasites were detected for the first time in 'mature' cultures. These did not represent a distinct population, but the 'tail' of a broad continuum of parasite sizes. Irradiated sporozoites produce a transient population of slow-growing parasites which express a very limited range of antigens de novo in the invaded hepatoma cell. A comparison of the reactivity of normal EE parasites with anti-circumsporozoite antibody and with anti-Pbl 1 suggests that the former reagent may reliably be used to identify sporozoites invading host cells, but should not be used to determine the number of parasites that successfully undergo intrahepatic development. Anti-Pbl-1 indicates on 33% of invaded sporozoites identified by anti-CSP subsequently differentiate.
The Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Bases and Investigating them in Solvent Extraction of Chromium and Copper (2012)

New Schiff bases containing nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen donor atoms, were designed and synthesized in a multi—step reaction sequence. The Schiff base(I) was used in solvent extraction of metal chlorides such as Cu(II) from aqueous phase to the organic phase. The influences of the parameter functions, such as pH, solvent, ionic strength of aqueous phase, aqueous to organic phase, and concentration of the extractant were investigated to shed light on their chemical extracting properties upon the extractability of metal ions. The effect of chloroform, dichloromethane, and nitrobenzene as organic solvents over the metal chlorides extraction was investigated at 25 ± 0.1°C by using flame atomic absorption and the result is that the ability of extraction in solvents as follows C6H5NO2 > CHCl3 > CH2Cl2.
High-k/Metal Gates- from research to reality (2007)

Miniaturization of the Si MOSFET required in order to attain higher transistor performance and greater economies of scale have spurred the need for significant materials innovations. This is most apparent in the search for the ideal high-k/metal gate stack as replacement for conventional SiON/Poly-Si gate stacks. In this paper, some of the key advances that have made high-k/metal gate stacks a reality will be reviewed. The innovations included optimized metal and interfaces for improved electron mobility in HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /metal gate stacks and insertion of nanoscale gp. IIA and IIIB elements layers between the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and metal electrode stack for band-edge nMOSFETs. Significant hurdles prevented similar solutions for pMOSFET stacks, primarily due to the presence of thermally activated point defects. However, by careful engineering optimization, pMOSFETs have also been realized, resulting in scalable high performance CMOS using High-k/metal gate stacks.