gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Device Algorithms for Public-Private Data with Absolute Privacy (2019)

Motivated by the increasing need to preserve privacy in digital devices, we introduce the on-device public-private model of computation. Our motivation comes from social-network based recommender systems in which the users want to receive recommendations based on the information available on their devices, as well as the suggestions of their social contacts, without sharing such information or contacts with the central recommendation system. Our model allows us to solve many algorithmic problems while providing absolute (deterministic) guarantees of the privacy of on-device data and the user's contacts. In fact, we ensure that the private data and private contacts are never revealed to the central system. Our restrictive model of computation presents several interesting algorithmic challenges because any computation based on private information and contacts must be performed on local devices of limited capabilities. Despite these challenges, under realistic assumptions of inter-device communication, we show several efficient algorithms for fundamental data mining and machine learning problems, ranging from k-means clustering to heavy hitters. We complement this analysis with strong impossibility results for efficient private algorithms without allowing inter-device communication. In our experimental evaluation, we show that our private algorithms provide results almost as accurate as those of the non-private ones while speeding up the on-device computations by orders of magnitude.
Pyrin-only protein 2 limits inflammation but improves protection against bacteria (2017)

Pyrin domain-only proteins (POPs) are recently evolved, primate-specific proteins demonstrated in vitro as negative regulators of inflammatory responses. However, their in vivo function is not understood. Of the four known POPs, only POP2 is reported to regulate NF-κB-dependent transcription and multiple inflammasomes. Here we use a transgenic mouse-expressing POP2 controlled by its endogenous human promotor to study the immunological functions of POP2. Despite having significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine responses to LPS and bacterial infection, POP2 transgenic mice are more resistant to bacterial infection than wild-type mice. In a pulmonary tularaemia model, POP2 enhances IFN-γ production, modulates neutrophil numbers, improves macrophage functions, increases bacterial control and diminishes lung pathology. Thus, unlike other POPs thought to diminish innate protection, POP2 reduces detrimental inflammation while preserving and enhancing protective immunity. Our findings suggest that POP2 acts as a high-order regulator balancing cellular function and inflammation with broad implications for inflammation-associated diseases and therapeutic intervention.
Whitening paradigms 1 year later: introduction of a novel professional tooth-bleaching system. (2002)

The recent development of a novel "trayless" delivery system for vital bleaching shifted treatment paradigms and spurred surprising growth in tooth whitening. New research on a professional-only system (Crest Professional Whitestrips) further expands treatment options. This easy-to-use hydrogen peroxide strip system represents an effective and safe approach for increased whitening. Clinical applications are extensive, ranging from general, point-of-entry whitening to chronic use in difficult case types.
DejaVu: Transparent User-Level Checkpointing, Migration, and Recovery for Distributed Systems (2007)

In this paper, we present a new fault tolerance system called DejaVu for transparent and automatic checkpointing, migration, and recovery of parallel and distributed applications. DejaVu provides a transparent parallel checkpointing and recovery mechanism that recovers from any combination of systems failures without any modification to parallel applications or the OS. It uses a new runtime mechanism for transparent incremental checkpointing that captures the least amount of state needed to maintain global consistency and provides a novel communication architecture that enables transparent migration of existing MPI codes, without source-code modifications. Performance results from the production-ready implementation show less than 5% overhead in real-world parallel applications with large memory footprints.
Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: mismatch analysis (2002)

We revisit space-time codes for a mobile communication system that employs multiple antennas at the base station and optional antenna diversity at the mobile station. The realistic case when the channel state is not completely known is considered. It is assumed that the channel estimator extracts the fade coefficients using orthogonal pilot tones. Mismatch analysis is then carried out. It is proved that in the absence of ideal channel state information the design criteria for space-time codes developed in Tarokh et al. (1997) is still valid for the equal energy constellation case. Using our derivation, it is observed that channel estimation techniques commonly used over rapidly fading channels can be used in conjunction with space-time codes provided that the number of transmit antennas is small.
Preferential linkage of bcl-2 to immunoglobulin light chain gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1990)

Most of human follicular lymphomas possess the t(14;18) chromosome translocation that juxtaposes the IgH gene to the 3' region of bcl-2 in a head-to-tail configuration. Here we show that the rearrangement of the bcl-2 gene occurs in a significant fraction (approximately of 10%) of B cell CLL. In all cases analyzed, breakpoints on chromosome 18 clustered at the 5' flanking region of the bcl-2 gene, and no rearrangements were found at the major or minor breakpoint clustering region (3' region of bcl-2 gene) typical of the t(14;18) chromosome translocation. All of the rearranged bcl-2 genes were juxtaposed with the Ig lambda or K genes in a head-to-head configuration. These results imply that the bcl-2 gene is preferentially linked to the IgL genes in CLL and could function in leukemogenesis.
Controlled human malaria infections using aseptic, purified cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites administered by needle and syringe (2014)

Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies, in which healthy volunteers are infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), until recently have been performed primarily by using Pf-infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes to bite human subjects. This approach has proven highly successful for studies of drugs and vaccines. However, its use has been limited to the few clinical centers, which have access to Pf-infected mosquitoes. Sanaria Inc. has established a new CHMI methodology whereby aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, infectious sporozoites (SPZ) of Pf are used to infect volunteers when administered by needle and syringe. This product is known as PfSPZ Challenge. Here we summarize the results of seven clinical trials in the Netherlands, UK, Tanzania, USA, Germany, Spain, and Kenya including 178 subjects. Four of the trials were done in countries where CHMI had never been done before. These trials assessed intradermal, intramuscular and intravenous administration of varying doses of PfSPZ Challenge. The three primary goals of 100% infection rates, a prepatent period comparable to the bite of five Pf-infected mosquitoes (11 to 11.5 days) and a dose response have been met by intravenous and intramuscular administration. PfSPZ Challenge opens up the potential for CHMI to be done in any research facility set up for clinical malaria studies (see presentation by Sheehy et al.), including sites to which transport of A. stephensi is difficult or impossible (i.e. any site in Africa). The results of all the studies will be presented.
New approach to neurorehabilitation: cranial nerve noninvasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) technology (2014)

Cranial Nerve NonInvasive NeuroModulation (CN-NINM) is a primary and complementary multi-targeted rehabilitation therapy that appears to initiate the recovery of multiple damaged or suppressed brain functions affected by neurological disorders. It is deployable as a simple, home-based device (portable neuromodulation stimulator, or PoNS<sup>TM</sup>) and training regimen following initial patient training in an outpatient clinic. It may be easily combined with many existing rehabilitation therapies, and may reduce or eliminate the need for more aggressive invasive procedures or possibly decrease total medication intake. CN-NINM uses sequenced patterns of electrical stimulation on the tongue. Our hypothesis is that CN-NINM induces neuroplasticity by noninvasive stimulation of two major cranial nerves: trigeminal (CN-V), and facial (CN-VII). This stimulation excites a natural flow of neural impulses to the brainstem (pons varolli and medulla), and cerebellum, to effect changes in the function of these targeted brain structures, extending to corresponding nuclei of the brainstem. CN-NINM represents a synthesis of a new noninvasive brain stimulation technique with applications in physical medicine, cognitive, and affective neurosciences. Our new stimulation method appears promising for treatment of a full spectrum of movement disorders, and for both attention and memory dysfunction associated with traumatic brain injury.
Single-replication BM2SR vaccine provides sterilizing immunity and cross-lineage influenza B virus protection in mice (2019)

Both influenza A and B viruses cause outbreaks of seasonal influenza resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. There are two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B virus, Yamagata lineage (YL) and Victoria lineage (VL). Since both B lineages have been co-circulating for years, more than 70% of influenza vaccines currently manufactured are quadrivalent consisting of influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), influenza B (YL) and influenza B (VL) antigens. Although quadrivalent influenza vaccines tend to elevate immunity to both influenza B lineages, estimated overall vaccine efficacy against influenza B is still only around 42%. Thus, a more effective influenza B vaccine is needed. To meet this need, we generated BM2-deficient, single-replication (BM2SR) influenza B vaccine viruses that encode surface antigens from influenza B/Wisconsin/01/2010 (B/WI01, YL) and B/Brisbane/60/2008 (B/Bris60, VL) viruses. The BM2SR-WI01 and BM2SR-Bris60 vaccine viruses are replication-deficient in vitro and in vivo, and can only replicate in a cell line that expresses the complementing BM2 protein. Both BM2SR viruses were non-pathogenic to mice, and vaccinated animals showed elevated mucosal and serum antibody responses to both Yamagata and Victoria lineages in addition to cellular responses. Serum antibody responses included lineage-specific hemagglutinin inhibition antibody (HAI) responses as well as responses to the stem region of the hemagglutinin (HA). BM2SR vaccine viruses provided apparent sterilizing immunity to mice against intra- and inter-lineage drifted B virus challenge. The data presented here support the feasibility of BM2SR as a platform for next-generation trivalent influenza vaccine development.
Fiber-optic thermometric probe utilizing GRIN lenses (1989)

A multimode optical fiber thermometer is described, which makes use of a single fiber for light guiding and a thermochromic solution as a differential absorption temperature transducer. The probe has a novel design and utilizes graded-index microlenses to achieve high coupling efficiency between fiber and transducer. Technical data of the electrooptic unit, along with the working principle of the probe are presented, and calibration tests of the thermometer are given.
Development and Validation of an Interactive Liner Design and Impedance Modeling Tool (2012)

The Interactive Liner Impedance Analysis and Design (ILIAD) tool is a LabVIEW-based software package used to design the composite surface impedance of a series of small-diameter quarter-wavelength resonators incorporating variable depth and sharp bends. Such structures are useful for packaging broadband acoustic liners into constrained spaces for turbofan engine noise control applications. ILIAD s graphical user interface allows the acoustic channel geometry to be drawn in the liner volume while the surface impedance and absorption coefficient calculations are updated in real-time. A one-dimensional transmission line model serves as the basis for the impedance calculation and can be applied to many liner configurations. Experimentally, tonal and broadband acoustic data were acquired in the NASA Langley Normal Incidence Tube over the frequency range of 500 to 3000 Hz at 120 and 140 dB SPL. Normalized impedance spectra were measured using the Two-Microphone Method for the various combinations of channel configurations. Comparisons between the computed and measured impedances show excellent agreement for broadband liners comprised of multiple, variable-depth channels. The software can be used to design arrays of resonators that can be packaged into complex geometries heretofore unsuitable for effective acoustic treatment.
Control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes without weight loss by modification of diet composition (2006)

Altering the diet composition could be a patient-empowering method of improving the hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetes without weight loss or pharmacologic intervention.
Improved antiviral activity of a polyamide against high-risk human papillomavirus via N-terminal guanidinium substitution (2016)

We report the synthesis of two novel pyrrole-imidazole polyamides with N-terminal guanidinium or tetramethylguanidinium groups and evaluate their antiviral activity against three cancer-causing human papillomavirus strains. Introduction of guanidinium improves antiviral activity when compared to an unsubstituted analog, especially in IC<sub>90</sub> values. These substitutions change DNA-binding preferences, while binding affinity remains unchanged.
Immersive Spatial Sound for Mobile Multimedia (2006)

While mobile technology precludes large electronic displays for visual immersion, sound heard over headphones - a widely accepted technology - is ideally suited for mobile applications. In this paper, we report on a newly developed immersive headphone-based approach that opens new opportunities for mobile multimedia. This new motion-tracked binaural sound technology (abbreviated as MTB) provides and exploits the strong perceptual cues that are created by the voluntary motions of the listener's head. A head-tracker is used to modify dynamically the sound heard by the listener, recreating the natural experience. After presenting an overview of the key concepts and of the challenges of the implementation of MTB, we describe examples of MTB spatial sound applications. Finally, we outline new mobile multimedia applications that would combine immersive spatial sound, head-tracking, and small visual displays.
Fluorescent dyes for multiphoton bio-imaging applications (2004)

Fluorescent dyes and probes are key components in multiphoton based fluorescence microscopy imaging of biological samples. While many commercially available fluorescent dyes have sufficed, most exhibit relatively low two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section values in the tunability range of Ti:sapphire lasers commonly used in multiphoton microscopy imaging. Furthermore, available fluorophores may be plagued with either low fluorescence quantum yields and/or the additional problem of rapid photobleaching upon exposure to the high peak powers provided by fs laser sources. In order to address the demand for better performing dyes for two-photon based imaging, we have prepared a new series of reactive fluorophores tailored for multiphoton imaging. These fluorophores are based upon the fluorene ring system, known to exhibit high fluorescence quantum yields, typically > 0.7, and possess high photostability. They have been functionalized with moieties to act, e.g., as efficient amine-reactive fluorescent probes for the covalent attachment onto, e.g., proteins and antibodies. The synthesis and the single-photon spectral characteristics, as well as measured two-photon absorption cross sections of the reactive fluorophores in solution will be presented. Spectral characterizations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with the new reactive probe will also be presented.
A Database for Estimating Normal Spinal Motion Derived From Noninvasive Measurements (1995)

Lumbar skin marker motion patterns in normal subjects were consistent and varied little with load; gender had no effect except in the initial phase of a movement. There was less mobility but similar coordination in older subjects. No inconsistencies with previous radiologic investigations were found for sagittal and lateral plane movement.
Relative location of microseismic events using P- and S-waves with surface array (2013)

In this paper we develop a relative microseismic event location methodology using both P- and S-waves recorded with a surface array of 3C receivers. We use the master-slave technique for stacking vertical and horizontal crosscorrelated traces together along differential moveouts of P- and S-waves. We apply this method to a dataset acquired during shale gas stimulation and show the effect of adding S-waves on the resolution of the microseismic relative locations comparing and contrasting with P-wave only based resolution. Adding S-wave information to the relative location technique reduces the vertical position uncertainty as compared to single P-wave relative location. The case study reveals locations using both P- and S-waves being constrained to a single layer.
Analytical Cascades of Enzymes for Sensitive Detection of Structural Variations in Protein Samples (2018)

Protein function critically depends on structure. However, current analytical tools to monitor consistent higher-order structure with high sensitivity, as for instance required in the development of biopharmaceuticals, are limited. To complement existing assays, we present the analytical cascade of enzymes (ACE), a method based on enzymatic modifications of target proteins, which serve to exponentially amplify structural differences between them. The method enables conformational and chemical fingerprinting of closely related proteins, allowing for the sensitive detection of heterogeneities in protein preparations with high precision. Using this method, we detect protein variants differing in conformation only, as well as structural changes induced by diverse covalent modifications. Additionally, we employ this method to identify the nature of structural variants. Moreover, the ACE method should help to address the limited reproducibility in fundamental research, which partly relates to sample heterogeneities.
Waveguide-Type Multifrequency Acoustooptic Modulators (1993)

Multifrequency acoustooptic modulators (MF-AOMs) utilizing a Ti-diffused LiNbO 3 waveguide are investigated for application to high-speed laser beam scanners. The Z-propagation of a light beam is free from optical damage. The surface acoustic waves (SAWs) for the MF-AOM are excited at 8 frequencies from 350 to 490 MHz every 20 MHz. Therefore, the MF-AOM generates 8 light beams using a TE-TM mode conversion. No optical damage at 633 nm wavelength is observed up to a power density of 2 kW/cm 2 . The AO diffraction efficiency per light beam, rise time and total efficiency of the device at 633 nm wavelength are 6%, 26 ns and 19%, respectively.
Readers Behaving Badly: Reader Revocation in PKI-Based RFID Systems. (2009)

Recent emergence of RFID tags capable of performing public key operations motivates new RFID applications, including electronic travel documents, identification cards and payment instruments. In this context, public key certificates form the cornerstone of the overall system security. In this paper, we argue that one of the prominent -and still woefully unaddressedchallenges is how to handle revocation checking of RFID reader certificates. This is an important issue considering that these high-end RFID tags are geared for applications such as edocuments and contactless payment instruments. Furthermore, the problem is unique to public key-based RFID systems, since tags have no clock and thus cannot use traditional (time-based) off-line revocation checking methods. Whereas, on-line methods require unrealistic connectivity assumptions. In this paper, we address the problem of reader revocation in PKI-Based RFID systems. We begin by observing an important distinguishing feature of personal RFID tags used in authentication, access control or payment applications -the involvement of a human user. We then take advantage of the user’s awareness and presence to construct a simple, efficient, secure and (most importantly) feasible solution for reader revocation checking. And finally, we evaluate the usability and practical security our solution via user studies and discuss its application feasibility in typical personal RFID systems. In our approach, the main extra feature is the requirement for a small passive on-tag display. However, as discussed in the paper, modern low-power display technology is low-cost and appealing for other purposes.
Method of forming an oxide superconducting thin film having an R sub 1 A sub 2 C sub 3 crystalline phase over an R sub 2 A sub 1 C sub 1 crystalline phase (1992)

This patent describes a process which comprises forming a mixed rare earth alkaline earth copper oxide layer on a substrate and converting the mixed rare earth alkaline earth copper oxide layer to an electrically conductive layer. It comprises crystalline R{sub 1}A{sub 2}C{sub 3} oxide phase by heating in the presence of oxygen, wherein rare earth and R is in each instance chosen from among yttrium, lanthanum, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium and alkaline earth and A is in each instance chosen from among calcium, strontium and barium, characterized in that a crystalline R{sub 2}A{sub 1}C{sub 1} oxide phase is first formed as a layer on the substrate and the crystalline R{sub 1}A{sub 2}C{sub 3} oxide phase is formed over the crystalline R{sub 2}A{sub 1}C{sub 1} oxide phase by coating a mixed rare earth alkaline earth copper oxide on the crystalline R{sub 2}A{sub 1}C{sub 1} oxide phase and heating the mixed rare earth alkaline earth copper oxide to a temperature of at least 1000{degrees} C.
Electrocardiographic imaging demonstrates electrical synchrony improvement by dynamic atrioventricular delays in patients with left bundle branch block and preserved atrioventricular conduction (2022)

Dynamic AV delay programming targeting fusion with intrinsic conduction significantly reduced dyssynchrony, as quantified by ECGi and QRSd for all evaluated pacing modes. MPP + SyncAV achieved the greatest synchrony overall but not for all patients, highlighting the value of pacing mode individualization during fusion optimization.