gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of Rosiglitazone Therapy in Women with Breast Cancer: Effects of Short-term Therapy on Tumor Tissue and Serum Markers (2007)

Our data indicate that short-term rosiglitazone therapy in early-stage breast cancer patients leads to local and systemic effects on PPARgamma signaling that may be relevant to breast cancer.
Semiconducting Nanowire‐Based Optoelectronic Fibers (2017)

The recent ability to integrate semiconductor-based optoelectronic functionalities within thin fibers is opening intriguing opportunities for flexible electronics and advanced textiles. The scalable integration of high-quality semiconducting devices within functional fibers however remains a challenge. It is difficult with current strategies to combine high light absorption, good microstructure and efficient electrical contact. The growth of semiconducting nanowires is a great tool to control crystal orientation and ensure a combination of light absorption and charge extraction for efficient photodetection. Thus far, however, leveraging the attributes of nanowires has remained seemingly incompatible with fiber materials, geometry, and processing approaches. Here, the integration of semiconducting nanowire-based devices at the tip and along the length of polymer fibers is demonstrated for the first time. The scalable thermal drawing process is combined with a simple sonochemical treatment to grow nanowires out of electrically addressed amorphous selenium domains. First principles density-functional theory calculations show that this approach enables to tailor the surface energy of crystal facets and favors nanowire growth along a preferred orientation, resulting in fiber-integrated devices of unprecedented performance. This novel platform is exploited to demonstrate an all-fiber-integrated fluorescence imaging system, highlighting novel opportunities in sensing, advanced optical probes, and smart textiles.
Synthesis of multicarboxylic acid appended imidazolium ionic liquids and their application in palladium-catalyzed selective oxidation of styrene (2007)

A series of multicarboxylic acid appended imidazolium ionic liquids (McaILs) with chloride [Cl]– or bromide [Br]– as anions have been synthesized and characterized. Deprotonation of these ionic acids gives the corresponding zwitterions. Re-protonation of the zwitterions with strong Brønsted acids gives a series of new ionic acid-adducts, many of which remained as room-temperature ionic liquids. A new catalytic system, McaIL/PdCl2 for the selective catalytic oxidation of styrene to acetophenone with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant has been attempted. In the presence of McaILs, it is found that the quantity of palladium chloride PdCl2 used can be greatly reduced while the activity (TOF) and selectivity towards acetophenone are enhanced sharply. It is also shown that the catalytic properties of this system could be finely tuned through the molecular design of the McaILs. The best TOF value obtained so far is 146 h–1 with 100% conversion of styrene at 93% selectivity to acetophenone. In addition, the catalytic activity has been maintained for at least ten catalytic cycles.
Advertisement of the best external route in BGP (2012)

The base BGP specifications prevent a BGP speaker from advertising any
route that is not the for a BGP destination. This document
specifies a modification of this rule. Routes are divided into two
categories, and internal. A specification is provided for
choosing a best external route (for a particular value of the
Network Layer Reachability Information). A BGP speaker is then allowed
to advertise its best external route to its internal BGP peers, even
if that is not the for the destination. The document
explains why advertising the external can improve
convergence time without causing routing loops. Additional benefits
include reduction of inter-domain churn and avoidance of permanent
route oscillation. The document also generalizes the notions of
internal and so that they can be applied to Route
Reflector Clusters and Autonomous System Confederations.
[The system of the integration of man with the environment]. (1996)

Systemic integrity of man consists not only in comprehensive evaluation from the medical-biological and social standpoints-nothing can be said against that-but also in systemic approach to the environment he lives and acts in, -and not from the point of view of its investigation, which is in itself indisputable, but mainly in a final goal-control of the quality of the external environment through influence on economic structures and their functioning. It is a matter of ecological-hygienic optimization of economic structure according to toxicometric criteria. In view of the aforestated, it is suggested that a uniform regional ecologic-and-hygienic rating (standardization) of environmental factors be developed.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Topoisomerase II Inhibition Study of New Thioxanthone Analogues (2008)

The interesting structural scaffold and biologicalefficacy of xanthones enforced many scientists to synthesizethese compounds for the development of prospective newdrug candidates. Among these xanthones, oxygenated xan-thones synthesized or isolated from natural sources revealedeffective inhibitory activity against several cancer cell lines.
p63 regulates growth of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells via the Akt signaling pathway (2014)

p63 is a member of the p53 protein family and plays a crucial role in epithelial development. p63 is expressed in many types of tumors including esophageal cancer; however, its function in cancer is controversial and its role in esophageal cancer has not been clearly established. In the present study, we aimed to identify the mechanisms by which p63 promotes proliferation of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Four human esophageal cancer cell lines (TE-8, TE-12, BE3 and OE33) were used in this study. We found that ΔNp63 was the predominantly expressed p63 isoform in esophageal squamous cancer cells. Silencing of p63 mRNA in the esopha-geal cancer cell lines TE-8 and TE-12 resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. A colony formation assay also showed that colony formation by TE-8 and TE-12 cells was significantly inhibited by p63 siRNA. Furthermore, p63 siRNA significantly suppressed p-Akt and induced Akt expression in esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines. On the other hand, overexpression of p63 in the esophageal cell lines BE3 and OE33 increased p-Akt expression. Silencing of p63 in TE-8 and TE-12 cell lines induced p53 and p27 expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 expression, whereas overexpression of p63 in BE3 and OE33 cell lines resulted in decreased levels of p53 and p27 and increased levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. Taken together, our results suggest that p63 may play a pivotal role in the progression of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells through regulation of the cell cycle via the Akt signaling pathway.
Dual-wavelength injection-locked pulsed Ti:sapphire laser (2006)

An injection-locked pulsed Ti:sapphire laser oscillating at dual wavelengths is successfully demonstrated. By using two feedback-loops, the seeds are locked on particular longitudinal modes of power oscillators, leading to stable dual-wavelength oscillation over long term.
Simple Noninvasive Measurement of Skin Autofluorescence (2005)

Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and renal failure. Several studies indicate that AGE accumulation in tissue may reflect the cumulative effect of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress over many years. Simple quantitation of AGE accumulation in tissue could provide a tool for assessing the risk of long-term complications. Because several AGEs exhibit autofluorescence, we developed a noninvasive autofluorescence reader (AFR). Skin autofluorescence measured with the AFR correlates with collagen-linked fluorescence and specific skin AGE levels from skin biopsy samples. Furthermore, skin autofluorescence correlates with long-term glycemic control and renal function, and preliminary results show correlations with the presence of long-term complications in diabetes. The AFR may be useful as a clinical tool for rapid assessment of risk for AGE-related long-term complications in diabetes and in other conditions associated with AGE accumulation.
α-Synuclein in Parkinson disease and other neurodegenerative disorders (2011)

With the aging population in the Western hemisphere, neurodegenerative parkinsonism and dementia will become two of the great public health challenges of this century. A major pillar in the effort to treat these conditions will be the shift from symptomatic treatment to disease modifying therapy. This step will absolutely require cheap and reliable biomarkers; patients will need to be diagnosed before irreversible change has occurred. α-Synuclein (αS) is a recent candidate biomarker for Lewy body neurodegeneration. It is a 140 amino acid protein that forms the pathological substrate in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), as well as multiple system atrophy (MSA), a group of disorders collectively known as the synucleopathies. Biomarker research has investigated αS in blood, skin and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Plasma assays have demonstrated inconsistent results but CSF assays show a higher degree of uniformity, mostly demonstrating lower levels of αS in patients with Lewy body disease compared to controls. These results are not yet accurate or reliable enough to use as screening tools or isolated diagnostic tests in established disease. It has become clear that factors other than neurodegeneration affect αS concentrations in these tissue samples, such as genetic and environmental influences. Future studies using standardized techniques and larger patient numbers are awaited to realise the full potential of αS as a more definitive diagnostic biomarker.
Neutron Detection with Silicon Devices (2009)

Most neutron detectors use some type of conversion material to convert the incident neutron into secondary charged particles, which can then be detected inside the detector bulk afterward. In this way, semiconductor detectors incorporating neutron reactive material on top of a diode substrate can be used as a neutron detector. These reactions emit charged particles and recoil nucleus with energies high enough to be distinguished from the gamma ray background. Based in the experience in microfabricated radiation detectors, CNM-IMB (national center of microelectronic at Barcelona, Spain) has started a new research line in solid state neutron detectors for imaging or dissymmetry. Geant4 Monte-Carlo simulation package was used to forecast the detection efficiency of planar structures. The simulated detectors were covered with a layer of Boron, therefore, a simple silicon neutron detector is a combination of a planar diode covered with a neutron converter layer. At the same time, initial experimental measurements of silicon pad detectors covered with neutron converts are been carried out in the autonomous University of Barcelona with a neutron source ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Am-Be) with interesting results.
Factors of the Metabolic Syndrome (1998)

Syndromes of risk factor disturbance may contribute to the development of coronary heart disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but their definition and quantification remain problematic. Using factor analysis, constellations of risk factor variables that could indicate distinct syndromes of metabolic disturbance were explored in the baseline data of the first follow-up cohort of 742 men from the Heart Disease and Diabetes Risk Indicators in a Screened Cohort (HDDRISC) study. The primary analysis considered 16 intercorrelated variables measured in more than 90% of cohort participants. A missing-values estimation routine was used to ensure inclusion of all participants in the analysis. Subanalyses were undertaken, including a repeat of the primary analysis on the 522 individuals who had received measurement of HDL cholesterol, an oblique rather than orthogonal factor rotation procedure performed on primary and HDL subset analyses, a repeat of these two primary and HDL subset analyses using only those participants with complete measurements, and a repeat of these six analyses including only the seven variables conventionally associated with the metabolic syndrome. The principal factor that emerged in all analyses undertaken comprised oral glucose tolerance test insulin and glucose response, serum uric acid, and body mass index. Fasting serum triglyceride concentration was included in this factor in 11 of the 12 analyses undertaken, fasting plasma insulin in 8, fasting plasma glucose in 5, and mean arterial pressure in 3. HDL cholesterol factored in isolation from insulin in all analyses undertaken. These findings provide strong support for a core metabolic cluster, which is unlikely to include blood pressure and does not include HDL. The factor scores relating to this cluster will provide a means of assessing its quantitative importance in prospective analysis of the development of CHD and diabetes in this cohort.
Towards deep-UV surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy of explosives: ultrasensitive, real-time and reproducible detection of TNT (2015)

We report ultrasensitive and label-free detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) deposited by drop coating using deep-ultraviolet surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (DUV-SERRS). Well-defined aluminum nanoparticle arrays as the SERRS substrate at 257 nm excitation wavelength enabled highly reproducible and real-time detection of TNT down to the detection limit of the attogram level in quantity. This extreme sensitivity can be further improved by optimization of the nanostructured substrates. DUV-SERRS promises to have a large impact on public safety and security, as it can be readily extended to other explosives and hazardous materials.
Expression and function of fibronectin receptors on peripheral mononuclear cells in IgA nephropathy (1995)

The beta 1 integrin family, major adhesive receptors for the extracellular matrix (ECM), have been reported to be present in normal and diseased kidneys. Attachment of glomerular cells to ECM is mediated by beta 1 integrins. Several members of the beta 1 integrins are referred to as VLA (very late activation) antigens. Peripheral mononuclear cells also express VLA antigens in both resting and activated states. We examined the expression and function of VLA antigens on peripheral lymphocytes and monocytes in patients with IgA nephropathy using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for VLA alpha-chains. Peripheral lymphocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy expressed VLA-4 alpha and 5 alpha, but not VLA-1 alpha, 2 alpha or 3 alpha. Peripheral monocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy expressed VLA-2 alpha, 4 alpha and 5 alpha, but not VLA-1 alpha or 3 alpha. The expression of VLA adhesive receptors was observed in healthy individuals. Adhesion assay to fibronectin revealed augmented adhesion of mononuclear cells in IgA nephropathy (P < 0.05), and this increased adhesion was inhibited by mAbs to VLA-4 alpha and 5 alpha. The expression of beta 1 integrins in IgA nephropathy was similar to that of healthy individuals, but the function of these molecules in terms of adhesion to fibronectin though VLA-4 and VLA-5 is increased in these patients. These findings suggest that the activation of fibronectin receptors on peripheral mononuclear cells plays an important role in the pathogenic process of IgA nephropathy.
Basic Architecture and Sizing of Commercial Aircraft Gas Turbine Oil Feed Systems (2008)

The specific thrust and fuel efficiency of gas turbine engines have improved considerably over the last 20 years primarily due to technology advances in materials science and main gas path thermo-fluid analysis. However, a major influence on the improved engine reliability demonstrated over that same timeframe is the performance of engine mechanical systems which rely on the consistent delivery and recovery of oil. The general architecture of oil systems has changed little over this period. However, detailed attention to how oil system components behave and interact with each other, and with the rest of the engine systems, has helped achieve improved engine mechanical performance. For derivative engines this process is facilitated by a substantial amount of in-service data, reflecting both good and bad experiences, which helps to identify the poor designs, manufacturing anomalies or unusual operational circumstances that are likely to cause problems and the design changes that are needed to solve them. However, new engines being designed and certificated in ever-reducing timescales, do not necessarily have the luxury of such directly relevant, in-service, performance data. Hence it is essential that oil systems are designed with a full appreciation of component and system capabilities and the options available. This knowledge is based fundamentally on a general awareness of how an engine oil system achieves its objectives, why sometimes it doesn’t, and how it integrates with the rest of the engine. This paper aims to identify some of the decisions that need to be made regarding system architecture and component sizing when designing a gas turbine oil system. Full attention to these matters during the engine design phase should lead to reduced development and in-service problems, less use of development innovation to solve problems and ultimately improved engine reliability.
Development of One-Dimensional Band Structure in Artificial Gold Chains (2002)

The ability of a scanning tunneling microscope to manipulate single atoms is used to build well-defined gold chains on NiAl(110). The electronic properties of the one-dimensional chains are dominated by an unoccupied electron band, gradually developing from a single atomic orbital present in a gold atom. Spatially resolved conductance measurements along a 20-atom chain provide the dispersion relation, effective mass, and density of states of the free electron-like band. These experiments demonstrate a strategy for probing the interrelation between geometric structure, elemental composition, and electronic properties in metallic nanostructures.
Performance of 2‐Dimensional Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Liver Fibrosis Detection Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography as the Reference Standard (2016)

The results suggest that 2D SWE and MRE are well correlated when SWE is performed at the eighth and seventh intercostal spaces. The ninth intercostal space is less reliable for diagnosing fibrosis with 2D SWE. Combining measurements from multiple intercostal spaces does not significantly improve the performance of 2D SWE for detection of fibrosis.
Stepwise unfolding of titin under force-clamp atomic force microscopy (2001)

Here we demonstrate the implementation of a single-molecule force clamp adapted for use with an atomic force microscope. We show that under force-clamp conditions, an engineered titin protein elongates in steps because of the unfolding of its modules and that the waiting times to unfold are exponentially distributed. Force-clamp measurements directly measure the force dependence of the unfolding probability and readily captures the different mechanical stability of the I27 and I28 modules of human cardiac titin. Force-clamp spectroscopy promises to be a direct way to probe the mechanical stability of elastic proteins such as those found in muscle, the extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion.
Destabilization of Raf-1 by Geldanamycin Leads to Disruption of the Raf-1–MEK–Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Pathway (1996)

The serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 functions downstream of Rats in a signal transduction cascade which transmits mitogenic stimuli from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Raf-1 integrates signals coming from extracellular factors and, in turn, activates its substrate, MEK kinase. MEK activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which phosphorylates other kinases as well as transcription factors. Raf-1 exists in a complex with HSP90 and other proteins. The benzoquinone ansamycin geldanamycin (GA) binds to HSP90 and disrupts the Raf-1-HSP90 multimolecular complex, leading to destabilization of Raf-1. In this study, we examined whether Raf-1 destabilization is sufficient to block the Raf-1-MEK-MAPK signalling pathway and whether GA specifically inactivates the Raf-1 component of this pathway. Using the model system of NIH 3T3 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), we show that GA does not affect the ability of protein kinase C alpha to be activated by phorbol esters, but it does block activation of MEK and MAPK. Further, GA does not decrease the activity of constitutively active MEK in transiently transfected cells. Finally, disruption of the Raf-1-MEK-MAPK signalling pathway by GA prevents both the PMA-induced proliferative response and PMA-induced activation of a MAPK-sensitive nuclear transcription factor. Thus, we demonstrate that interaction between HSP90 and Raf-1 is a sine qua non for Raf stability and function as a signal transducer and that the effects observed cannot be attributed to a general impairment of protein kinase function.
Residing in “South-Eastern Asia” of the Antebellum United States (2019)

In the decades before and after the First Opium War (1839-1842), the US missionary Reverend David Abeel laid out a sense of “South-Eastern Asian” for US readers of <italic>Journal of a Residence in China, and the Neighboring Countries, from 1829 to 1833</italic> (1834). His phrase focuses multi-lingual print evangelicalism on an archipelago stretching across networks of opium traffic connecting India to China. His accounts also imply the layers of faiths and languages that shaped senses of geography before the existence of the United States and the convergence of mottled European imperialisms in the China trade. At the end of the war, Abeel moved to the coastal city of Amoy where he rationalized opium commerce as an evil outweighed by the potential benefits of opening treaty ports. The prominent administrator of Fujian and scholar Xú Jìyú (徐繼畬‎; 1795–1873) disagreed and adapted Abeel’s geographical tools to present a warning about the attempts to evangelize “South-East Asia.” His <italic>Yíng huàn zhì lüè</italic> (瀛擐志略‎; <italic>General Survey of the Maritime Circuit, a Universal Geography</italic> , 1849) portrays Catholic and Protestant commercial activity as a threat to indigenous jurisdiction the world over.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells & Microfluidics (2006)

Research involving human embryonic stem cells is an active area of investigation because of the potential role stem cells could play in therapeutic regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we provide an introduction to stem cells as well as present a microfluidic cell culture platform that may help to provide important insight into stem cell development. Since human stem cell biology is still in its infancy, there are few standardized methods and techniques. The application of new ideas and approaches to the problems encountered in stem cell biology may provide information about human stem cell development that is not available using traditional cell culture methods.