gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of tear secretion by topical agents that increase cyclic nucleotide levels. (1990)

The authors examined the effect of topical application of agents known to increase cyclic nucleotide levels on tear secretion by accessory lacrimal gland tissue in their rabbit model for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Tear secretion was studied by changes in tear film osmolarity and tear volume caused by application of the agents relative to application of isotonic buffer solution alone. A decrease in tear film osmolarity or increase in tear volume was interpreted as an increase in tear secretion. Irritative stimulation was distinguished from pharmacologic stimulation by the prior use of topical proparacaine. The following agents significantly decreased tear film osmolarity and increased tear volume: vasoactive intestinal peptide (2 X 10(-8) to 2 X 10(-6) M); three pro-opiomelanocortin fragments alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone at 10(-4), 10(-3), and 10(-3) M, respectively; the permeable cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) analogs 8-Br cAMP (0.3-3.0 X 10(-3) M) and 8-Br cGMP (1.0-10.0 X 10(-3) M); and the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-isobutyl-3-methyl xanthine (0.3-3.0 X 10(-3) M). Forskolin (2 X 10(-4) M), which activates the catalytic subunits of adenyl cyclase, increased tear volume significantly. Secretin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and pilocarpine were ineffective. The authors conclude that agents that increase either cAMP or cGMP levels pharmacologically stimulated tear secretion when applied topically to rabbit eyes with surgically induced KCS.
Single-stage power-factor-correction electronic ballast with a wide continuous dimming control for fluorescent lamps (2002)

In addition to their numerous benefits over magnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts can provide dimming capability. However, there are great difficulties in dimming a fluorescent lamp below 40%. One of the symptoms is that the lamp current becomes unstable, or even extinguishes, at a low luminance level. This is due to the interaction of lamps with the ballast. This paper proposes a new family of ZVS-QSW constant-frequency PWM controlled resonant power converters suitable for wide dimming range control. A single-stage power-factor-correction electronic ballast called ZVS-QSW BIBDAC is implemented and tested. It achieves a wide continuous dimming range control, of which a below 1 percent of full light output with stable light output can be achieved. It features high power factor with low total harmonic distortion, low lamp current crest factor, low bus voltage stress, high efficiency and low cost.
Common Mode Noise Reduction for Boost Converters Using General Balance Technique (2007)

In this paper, the boost converter model for electromagnetic interference noise analysis is first investigated. Based on this model, a general balance concept is proposed to cancel the common mode noise. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiment prove that the proposed balance technique is efficient enough to reduce common mode noise.
Spread spectrum image steganography (1999)

In this paper, we present a new method of digital steganography, entitled spread spectrum image steganography (SSIS). Steganography, which means "covered writing" in Greek, is the science of communicating in a hidden manner. Following a discussion of steganographic communication theory and review of existing techniques, the new method, SSIS, is introduced. This system hides and recovers a message of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range. The hidden message can be recovered using appropriate keys without any knowledge of the original image. Image restoration, error-control coding, and techniques similar to spread spectrum are described, and the performance of the system is illustrated. A message embedded by this method can be in the form of text, imagery, or any other digital signal. Applications for such a data-hiding scheme include in-band captioning, covert communication, image tamperproofing, authentication, embedded control, and revision tracking.
A novel baculovirus vector for the production of nonfucosylated recombinant glycoproteins in insect cells (2013)

Glycosylation is an important attribute of baculovirus-insect cell expression systems, but some insect cell lines produce core α1,3-fucosylated N-glycans, which are highly immunogenic and render recombinant glycoproteins unsuitable for human use. To address this problem, we exploited a bacterial enzyme, guanosine-5'-diphospho (GDP)-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-d-mannose reductase (Rmd), which consumes the GDP-l-fucose precursor. We expected this enzyme to block glycoprotein fucosylation by blocking the production of GDP-l-fucose, the donor substrate required for this process. Initially, we engineered two different insect cell lines to constitutively express Rmd and isolated subclones with fucosylation-negative phenotypes. However, we found the fucosylation-negative phenotypes induced by Rmd expression were unstable, indicating that this host cell engineering approach is ineffective in insect systems. Thus, we constructed a baculovirus vector designed to express Rmd immediately after infection and facilitate the insertion of genes encoding any glycoprotein of interest for expression later after infection. We used this vector to produce a daughter encoding rituximab and found, in contrast to an Rmd-negative control, that insect cells infected with this virus produced a nonfucosylated form of this therapeutic antibody. These results indicate that our Rmd(+) baculoviral vector can be used to solve the immunogenic core α1,3-fucosylation problem associated with the baculovirus-insect cell system. In conjunction with existing glycoengineered insect cell lines, this vector extends the utility of the baculovirus-insect cell system to include therapeutic glycoprotein production. This new vector also extends the utility of the baculovirus-insect cell system to include the production of recombinant antibodies with enhanced effector functions, due to its ability to block core α1,6-fucosylation.
Theoretical Evaluation and Experimental Validation of Localized Therapeutic Hypothermia Application to Preserve Residual Hearing After Cochlear Implantation (2017)

There was a close correlation between the results of the numerical simulations and experimental observations in this study. Our custom-designed system is capable of effectively providing mild therapeutic hypothermia locally to the human cochlea. When combined with results from in vivo animal experiments, the present study suggests that the application of localized therapeutic hypothermia may hold potential for patients with an aim to preserve residual hearing after cochlear implantation.
Determinants of HIV-1 Coreceptor Function on CC Chemokine Receptor 3 (1997)

The chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR2b, CCR3, and CCR5 are cell entry coreceptors for HIV-1. Using an HIV-1 envelope (Env)-dependent cell-cell fusion model of entry, we show that CCR3 can interact with Envs from certain macrophage (M)-tropic strains (which also use CCR5), T cell line (TCL)-tropic laboratory-adapted strains (which also use CXCR4), and a dual-tropic primary isolate (which also uses CCR2b, CCR5, and CXCR4). Paradoxically, CCR1 is the closest homologue to CCR3 (63% amino acid identity), but lacked HIV-1 coreceptor activity. These results confirm and extend previous reports. Replacing the N-terminal segment of CCR3 with that of CCR1 abolished activity of the resulting chimera for M-tropic and TCL-tropic Envs, but not for the dual-tropic Env. Replacing extracellular loop 2 of CCR3 with that of CCR1 abolished activity for TCL-tropic Envs, but not for M- and dual-tropic Envs. A chimera containing all four extracellular regions of CCR3 on a backbone of CCR1 lacked any activity. Env-CCR3 interactions were strongly inhibited by the major CCR3 ligand eotaxin, but weakly or not at all by other CCR3 ligands. With primary macrophages, eotaxin induced transient calcium flux and partially inhibited fusion with cells expressing M-tropic Envs. We conclude that specificity determinants for different Envs are located in shared and distinct extracellular regions of CCR3, the transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains make major contributions to coreceptor function, and CCR3 may be used by certain HIV-1 strains as a cell fusion factor on macrophages.
The gene for autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1) maps centromeric to D6S89 and shows no recombination, in nine large kindreds, with a dinucleotide repeat at the AM10 locus. (1993)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant disorder which is genetically linked to the short arm of chromosome 6, telomeric to the human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) and very close to D6S89. Previous multipoint linkage analysis using HLA, D6S89, and SCA1 suggested that SCA1 maps centromeric to D6S89. Data from this study using nine large kindreds indicate a maximum lod score between SCA1 and D6S89 of 67.58 at a maximum recombination fraction of .004. To localize SCA1 more precisely, we identified five dinucleotide polymorphisms near D6S89. Genotypic analyses at these polymorphic loci were carried out in nine multigeneration SCA1 kindreds and in the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain reference families. A new marker, AM10GA, demonstrates no recombination with SCA1. The maximum lod score for AM10GA linkage to SCA1 is 42.14 at a recombination fraction of 0. Linkage analysis and analysis of recombination events confirm that SCA1 maps centromeric to D6S89 and establish the following order: CEN-D6S109-AM10GA/SCA1-D6S89-LR40-D6S20 2-TEL.
Uncertainty Aware Query Execution Time Prediction (2014)

Predicting query execution time is a fundamental issue underlying many database management tasks. Existing predictors rely on information such as cardinality estimates and system performance constants that are difficult to know exactly. As a result, accurate prediction still remains elusive for many queries. However, existing predictors provide a single, point estimate of the true execution time, but fail to characterize the uncertainty in the prediction. In this paper, we take a first step towards providing uncertainty information along with query execution time predictions. We use the query optimizer's cost model to represent the query execution time as a function of the selectivities of operators in the query plan as well as the constants that describe the cost of CPU and I/O operations in the system. By treating these quantities as random variables rather than constants, we show that with low overhead we can infer the distribution of likely prediction errors. We further show that the estimated prediction errors by our proposed techniques are strongly correlated with the actual prediction errors.
Model-based compressor surge avoidance algorithm for internal combustion engines utilizing cylinder deactivation during motoring conditions (2019)

Cylinder deactivation is an efficient strategy for diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment thermal management. Temperatures in excess of 200 °C are necessary for peak NO x conversion efficiency of the aftertreatment system. However, during non-fired engine operation, known as motoring, conventional diesel engines pump low-temperature air through the aftertreatment system. One strategy to mitigate this is to deactivate valve motion during engine motoring. There is a specific condition where care must be taken to avoid compressor surge during the onset of valve deactivated motoring when following high load operation. This study proposes and validates an algorithm which (1) predicts the intake manifold pressure increase instigated while transitioning into cylinder deactivation during motoring, (2) estimates future mass air flow, and (3) avoids compressor surge by implementing staged cylinder deactivation during the onset of engine motoring operation.
Process for regenerating pervovskite catalysts and hydrocarbon treating processes utilizing the regenerated (1984)

A catalyst regeneration process is provided in which the rate of removal of carbon from the coked catalyst is increased at a relatively low temperature when the catalyst comprises a pervovskite. Hydrocarbon treating processes utilizing the regenerated pervovskite-containing catalysts are also provided. The regenerated catalyst is particularly suited for use in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon residua.
Modeling of 1 eV dilute nitride multi-quantum well solar cell (2010)

The efficiency of existing In(Al)GaP/GaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cell can be further increased by the introduction of a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> junction with a band-gap in the range of 1 eV in between GaAs and Ge junctions. Dilute nitride (Ga(In)AsN) multi quantum wells (MQWs) inserted into the intrinsic region of a p-i-n GaAs are good candidates for this purpose. In this work, modeling has been done to estimate the feasibility of this structure. The result shows that the MQW 1 eV sub-cells could produce photocurrents greater than 18 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> when operating in a tandem configuration behind a GaAs solar cell and thus can support 4-junction solar cells with 1 sun AM0 conversion efficiencies in the 40% range.
Structure and control of thermoacoustic instabilities in a gas-turbine combustor (1998)

Thermoacoustic instability was investigated and controlled in an experimental low-emission swirl stabilized combustor, in which the acoustic boundary conditions were modified to obtain combustion instability. Several axisymmetric and helical unstable modes were identified for fully premixed and partially premixed/diffusion combustion. These unstable modes were associated with flow instabilities related to the recirculation region on the combustor axis and shear layer instabilities at the sudden expansion (dump plane). The spatial locations of the intense combustion regions associated with the different unstable modes were visualized by phase locked images of OH chemiluminescence. The axisymmetric mode showed large variation of the heat release during one cycle, while the helical modes showed variations in the radial location of maximal heat release. A closed loop active control system was employed to suppress the thermoacoustic pressure oscillations and to reduce NO x emissions. Microphone and OH emission...
Learning Image Anchor Templates for Document Classification and Data Extraction (2010)

Image anchor templates are used in document image analysis for document classification, data localization, and other tasks. Current tools allow human operators to mark out small sub-images from documents to act as anchor templates. However, this requires time, and expertise because operators have to make informed decisions based on behavior of the template matching algorithms, and the expected degradations patterns in documents. We propose learning templates for a task automatically and quickly from a few training examples. Document classification or data localization can be done more robustly by combining evidence from many more discriminating templates (e.g., hundreds) than would be practicable for operators to specify.
The Arabidopsis MicroRNA396-<i>GRF1/GRF3</i> Regulatory Module Acts as a Developmental Regulator in the Reprogramming of Root Cells during Cyst Nematode Infection   (2012)

The syncytium is a unique plant root organ whose differentiation is induced by plant-parasitic cyst nematodes to create a source of nourishment. Syncytium formation involves the redifferentiation and fusion of hundreds of root cells. The underlying regulatory networks that control this unique change of plant cell fate are not understood. Here, we report that a strong down-regulation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) microRNA396 (miR396) in cells giving rise to the syncytium coincides with the initiation of the syncytial induction/formation phase and that specific miR396 up-regulation in the developed syncytium marks the beginning of the maintenance phase, when no new cells are incorporated into the syncytium. In addition, our results show that miR396 in fact has a role in the transition from one phase to the other. Expression modulations of miR396 and its Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) target genes resulted in reduced syncytium size and arrested nematode development. Furthermore, genome-wide expression profiling revealed that the miR396-GRF regulatory system can alter the expression of 44% of the more than 7,000 genes reported to change expression in the Arabidopsis syncytium. Thus, miR396 represents a key regulator for the reprogramming of root cells. As such, this regulatory unit represents a powerful molecular target for the parasitic animal to modulate plant cells and force them into novel developmental pathways.
Giant enhancement in the ferroelectric field effect using a polarization gradient (2015)

Coupling of switchable ferroelectric polarization with the carrier transport in an adjacent semiconductor enables a robust, non-volatile manipulation of the conductance in a host of low-dimensional systems, including the two-dimensional electron liquid that forms at the LaAlO3 (LAO)-SrTiO3 (STO) interface. However, strength of the gate-channel coupling is relatively weak, limited in part by the electrostatic potential difference across a ferroelectric gate. Here, through application of phenomenological Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory and self-consistent Poisson-Schrödinger model calculations, we show how compositional grading of PbZr1−xTixO3 ferroelectric gates enables a more than twenty-five-fold increase in the LAO/STO channel conductance on/off ratios. Incorporation of polarization gradients in ferroelectric gates can enable breakthrough performance of ferroelectric non-volatile memories.
Two-Stage Adaptive Restoration Decision Support System for a Self-Healing Power Grid (2017)

Power outages cost American industries and businesses billions of dollars and jeopardize the lives of hospital patients. The losses can be greatly reduced with a fast, reliable, and flexible self-healing tool. This paper is aimed to tackle the challenging task of developing an adaptive restoration decision support system (RDSS). The proposed RDSS determines restoration actions both in planning and real-time phases and adapts to constantly changing system conditions. The comprehensive formulation encompasses practical constraints including ac power flow, dynamic reserve, and load modeling. The combinatorial problem is decomposed into a two-stage formulation solved by an integer L-shaped algorithm. The two stages are then executed online in the RDSS framework employing a sliding window method. The IEEE 39-bus system has been studied under normal and contingency conditions to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed online RDSS.
Standoff determination of the particle size and concentration of small optical depth clouds based on double scattering measurements: concept and experimental validation with bioaerosols (2008)

A multiple-field-of-view (MFOV) lidar is used to characterize size and optical depth of low concentration of bioaerosol clouds. The concept relies on the measurement of the forward scattered light by using the background aerosols at various distances at the back of a subvisible cloud. It also relies on the subtraction of the background aerosol forward scattering contribution and on the partial attenuation of the first-order backscattering. The validity of the concept developed to retrieve the effective diameter and the optical depth of low concentration bioaerosol clouds with good precision is demonstrated using simulation results and experimental MFOV lidar measurements. Calculations are also done to show that the method presented can be extended to small optical depth cloud retrieval.
Two-mode photonic crystal fiber interferometer for sensing applications (2007)

Here we address the construction of simple and stable interferometers with PCFs fusion spliced with standard single mode optical fiber (SMF). Such interferometers can be used to sense diverse physical parameters such as strain, sound, vibrations, temperature, pressure, etc.
Multiple binding sites for [125I]RTI‐121 and other cocaine analogs in rat frontal cerebral cortex (1998)

In an effort to identify novel binding sites for cocaine and its analogs, we carried out binding studies with the high-affinity and selective ligand [125I]RTI-121 in rat frontal cortical tissue. Very low densities of binding sites were found. Saturation analysis revealed that the binding was to both high- and low-affinity sites. Pharmacological competition studies were carried out with inhibitors of the dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters. The various transporter inhibitors inhibited the binding of 15 pM [125I]RTI-121 in a biphasic fashion following a two-site binding model. The resultant data were complex and did not suggest a simple association with any single transporter. Correlational analysis supported the following hypothesis: [125I] RTI-121 binds to known transporters and not to novel sites; these include dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters. Immunoprecipitation of transporters photoaffinity labeled with [125]RTI-82 and subsequent analysis of SDS-page gels revealed the presence of authentic dopamine transporters in these samples; displacement of the photoaffinity label occurred with a typical dopamine transporter pharmacology. These data are compatible with the binding properties of RTI-121 and the presence of several known transporters in the tissue studied. Synapse 30:9–17, 1998. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparative Evaluation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Nutrient Removal and Algal Toxin Control in Wet Detention Ponds (2015)

Stormwater nutrient removal is a major contributor to loadings in natural waterbodies, and any system not protected by the state or less than 10 acres operates without water quality indefinitely. The permits do not require monitoring by private owners, but the effects are considered to be a contributor to the eutrophication of water bodies across the world. Biomanipulation (biological mitigation) with the emerging technology called the floating treatment wetland (FTW) can be used to remove nutrients, while preserving aquatic ecosystem structures with native aquatic plants. However, logistical concerns arise if the mitigation does not achieve an enhanced removal or even negative removals. Two field studies conducted in Orlando, Florida, are used to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus removals when FTWs are deployed and compared to the control counterparts without the FTWs. The first evaluation was performed in Pond 4M at the University of Central Florida (UCF). The data were used to create an estimated 12% nutrient removal credit presented in a report to the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT).