gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Leveraging Contextual Information in Automated Domain Specific Comprehension (2021)

When it comes to information, Enterprises today are seen as a black hole, a mass of it goes in but gets difficult to extract the practical knowledge out of it. An automated system that has the ability to consume this large mass of information and provide specific, knowledgeable, domain-oriented responses back, will go a long way in unlocking the value of this large-scale unstructured information. In a bid to enrich the answering system's accuracy in Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC), we propose a domain-specific Question Answers (QuAns) framework that specifically aims to auto-generate questions from a domain-based document using an improvised Sequence to Sequence (Seq2Seq) technique equipped with Attention and Copy mechanism. The generated questions are conditioned on a set of candidate answers, derived using a combination of heuristic-driven and graph-based techniques. Further, it also leverages the contextual information by pooling strategy to build an automated response system using a deep custom fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) framework and retrieving the top-k contexts for a user query. The evaluation of the QuAns architecture is performed in combination with human supervision as at times, the automated metrics like BLEU, Exact Match (EM), F1 score, etc. fail to gauge the diverse semantic and structural aspects of a generated response. Primarily, the proffered ensemble technique has leveraged the augmented domain knowledge to enrich the answering response efficacy and improving the EM and F1 score by 14.86% and 12.76% respectively over Vanilla BERT architecture. To enhance the user experience, the conversational system is equipped with Natural Language Generation (NLG) to present a human-readable response. Our architectural pipeline aims to provide a one-stop solution for the organizations in processing huge volumes of multidisciplinary data by significantly reducing the human introspection and the overhead cost.
MEDnet, a neural network for automated detection of avascular area in OCT angiography (2018)

Screening and assessing diabetic retinopathy (DR) are essential for reducing morbidity associated with diabetes. Macular ischemia is known to correlate with the severity of retinopathy. Recent studies have shown that optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), with intrinsic contrast from blood flow motion, is well suited for quantified analysis of the avascular area, which is potentially a useful biomarker in DR. In this study, we propose the first deep learning solution to segment the avascular area in OCTA of DR. The network design consists of a multi-scaled encoder-decoder neural network (MEDnet) to detect the non-perfusion area in 6 × 6 mm<sup>2</sup> and in ultra-wide field retinal angiograms. Avascular areas were effectively detected in DR subjects of various disease stages as well as in the foveal avascular zone of healthy subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: FREE RADICAL ADDITION OF THIOLACETIC ACID TO ESTERS AND AMIDES OF UNSATURATED ACIDS AND SCREENING OF THE PRODUCTS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY (1977)

Abstract 1‐Acetylthioundecanamide und N‐monosubstituierte oder N,N′‐disubstituierte 9(lO)‐Acetylthiooctadecanamide werden aus den zugrundeliegenden Amiden und Thiolessigsäure durch 18 ‐ 24 stündige Bestrahlung mit Kobalt‐60 erhalten (Ausbeute über 90%).
P4–414: Impact of ERβ–selective phytoserm formulations on neuronal survival and morphogenesis: Promise as an estrogen alternative replacement therapy for prevention of Alzheimer's disease and related neurological disorders (2006)

It is becoming increasingly apparent that in many contexts two estrogen receptor subtypes, ERα and ERβ, have a yin/yang relationship where activation of one ER subtype antagonizes the other, indicating that the lack of efficacy of a complex formulation of phytoestrogens (i.e. a soy protein supplement) to promote neurological function may partly derive from the antagonizing actions among different phytoestrogens through activation of both ERα and ERβ. The goal of this research is to investigate the impact of ERα or ERβ–selective phytoestrogens and select combinations on neuronal survival and morphogenesis, and ultimately, develop a formulation with efficacy to promote cognition and prevent age–related neurodegeneration associated with AD. Using in silico molecular docking and physicochemical properties analyses followed by a competitive binding assay, we have identified a series of ERα or ERβ–selective plant–derived estrogenic molecules (so we called PhytoSERMs) from a natural source chemical database. Five candidate PhytoSERMs that have the greatest binding selectivity for ERβ were assessed for their neuroprotective efficacy in primary cortical neurons. Dose–response analyses indicated that individually each of the 5 candidate PhytoSERMs was moderately protective against supraphysiological glutamate–induced neurotoxicity determined by LDH measurements, with the greatest neuronal response occurring at 100 nM ∼ 1 μM. Western blot analyses demonstrated that 4 out of 5 candidate PhytoSERMs significantly increased the expression of the anti–apoptotic protein, Bcl–2, in neurons. Further analyses demonstrated that combined use of these candidate PhytoSERMs induced significantly increased neuroprotective efficacy compared to single components. Co–administration of all 4 candidate PhytoSERMs induced the maximal protection against glutamate–induced loss in neuron metabolic viability determined by Calcein AM assay, with an efficacy significantly greater than that induced by 17β–estradiol. We are currently investigating the impact of these PhytoSERMs and combined formulations on neuronal morphogenesis, a marker of neuroplasticity associated with memory function. These results contribute to generating conclusive proof of principle that an ERβ–selective PhytoSERM formulation could serve as an effective alternative to estrogen therapy for sustaining neurological health, function and prevention of AD.
Robust panorama from MPEG video (2003)

A novel approach to image mosaicking from MPEG video is presented in this paper. The motion vectors in both P- and B-frames are used for global motion estimation. The bi-directional information in B-frames provides multiple routes to warp a frame to its previous anchor frame. A least median of squares based algorithm is adopted for robust motion estimation. In the case of a large proportion of outliers, we detect possible algorithm failure and perform re-estimation along a different route. Based on the motion parameters between consecutive frames, the static background panorama and dynamic foreground panorama are constructed from warped images over a whole video sequence.
A Machine-Independent Debugger (1996)

cdb is a simpe, source-level debugger for ANSI/ISO C programs compiled by lcc, a retargetable C compiler. cdb is completely independent of its target architecture. This independence is achieved by embedding a small amount of itself — a nub — in the program to be debugged and by having the compiler emit machine-independent symbol-table data and related code. This paper describes the design of a nub interface for debugging, a target-independent implementation of this interface for cdb, and the implementation of cdb itself. When compared to platform-specific debuggers, cdb's implementation is minuscule: the nub, debugger, and associated communications routines take about 1500 lines of C, and fewer than 600 lines were added to lcc's front end to emit symbol tables and breakpoint hooks. All this code is machine independent.
Electrooculography by Wearable Graphene Textiles (2018)

Study of eye movements and measurement of the resulting biopotentials, referred to as electrooculography (EOG), may find increasing use in applications within the domain of personalized medicine provided that the limitations of conventional “wet” electrodes are addressed. To overcome the limitations of conventional electrodes, in this paper, we report for the first time the use and characterization of graphene-coated electroconductive textile electrodes for EOG acquisition. The feasibility of the developed gel-free, flexible, dry textile electrodes was experimentally authenticated through side-by-side comparison with pre-gelled, wet, silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, where the simultaneously recorded signals displayed correlation of up to ~87% over durations reaching hundred seconds and repeated on eight participants. This outstanding performance demonstrates the potential of graphene textiles in wearable devices based on sensing and processing of electrooculograms.
In Vitro Engineering of Human Autogenous Cartilage (2002)

A challenge in tissue engineering is the in vitro generation of human cartilage. To meet standards for in vitro-engineered cartilage, such as prevention of immune response and structural as well as functional integration to surrounding tissue, we established a three-dimensional cell culture system without adding exogenous growth factors or scaffolds. Human chondrocytes were cultured as spheroids. Tissue morphology and protein expression was analyzed using histological and immunohistochemical investigations on spheroid cryosections. A cartilage-like tissue similar to naturally occurring cartilage was generated when spheroids were cultured in medium supplemented only with human serum. This in vitro tissue was characterized by the synthesis of the hyaline-specific proteins collagen type II and S-100, as well as the synthesis of hyaline-specific mucopolysaccharides that increased with prolonged culture time. After 3 months, cell number in the interior of in vitro tissues was diminished and was only twice as much as in native cartilage. Additionally, spheroids quickly adhered to and migrated on glass slides and on human condyle cartilage. The addition of antibiotics to autologous spheroid cultures inhibited the synthesis of matrix proteins. Remarkably, replacing human serum by fetal calf serum resulted in the destruction of the inner part of the spheroids and only a viable rim of cells remained on the surface. These results show that the spheroid culture allows for the first time the autogenous in vitro engineering of human cartilage-like tissue where medium supplements were restricted to human serum.
Integrated immunogenicity analysis of a tetravalent dengue vaccine up to 4 y after vaccination (2017)

Two large pivotal phase III studies demonstrated the efficacy of the tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV; Dengvaxia®, Sanofi Pasteur) against all dengue serotypes. Here we present an unprecedented integrated summary of the immunogenicity of CYD-TDV to identify the parameters driving the neutralizing humoral immune response and evolution over time. We summarized the immunogenicity profiles of a 3-dose schedule of CYD-TDV administered 6 months apart across 10 phase II and 6 phase III trials undertaken in dengue endemic and non-endemic countries. Dengue neutralizing antibody titers in sera were determined at centralized laboratories using the 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT<sub>50</sub>) at baseline, 28 d after the third dose, and annually thereafter for up to 4 y after the third dose in some studies. CYD-TDV elicits neutralizing antibody responses against all 4 dengue serotypes; geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased from baseline to post-dose 3. GMTs were influenced by several parameters including age, baseline dengue seropositivity and region. In the 2 pivotal studies, GMTs decreased initially during the first 2 y post-dose 3 but appear to stabilize or slightly increase again in the third year. GMTs persisted 1.2-3.2-fold higher than baseline levels for up to 4 y post-dose 3 in other studies undertaken in dengue endemic countries. Our integrated analysis captures the fullness of the CYD-TDV immunogenicity profile across studies, age groups and regions; by presenting the available data in this way general trends and substantial outliers within each grouping can be easily identified. CYD-TDV elicits neutralizing antibody responses against all dengue serotypes, with differences by age and endemicity, which persist above baseline levels in endemic countries.
Multicasting sustained CBR and VBR traffic in wireless ad-hoc networks (2002)

Wireless ad-hoc networks consist of mobile nodes forming a dynamically changing topology without any infrastructure. Multicasting in a wireless ad-hoc network is difficult and challenging. We propose a novel protocol, the Wireless Ad-hoc Real-Time Multicast (WARM) protocol, for multicasting real-time (CBR and VBR) data among nodes in a wireless ad-hoc network. The protocol is distributed, highly adaptive and flexible. Multicast affiliation is receiver initiated. The messaging is localized to the neighborhood of the receiving multicast member and thus the overhead consumed is low. The protocol enables spatial bandwidth reuse along a multicast mesh (a connected structure of multicast group members). The real time connection is guaranteed quality of service (QoS) in terms of bandwidth. For VBR traffic, a combination of reserved and random access mechanisms are used. The protocol is self-healing in the sense that the mesh structure has the ability to repair itself when members either move or relays fail. We present simulation results to demonstrate features of the protocol and show that the throughput is above 90% for pedestrian environments.
Development of serum-free media for the cultivation and recovery of Acholeplasma laidlawii used for challenge testing sterilizing-grade filters in biopharmaceutical applications. (2009)

A serum-free cultivation broth and recovery agar for use in 0.1 micron-rated filter characterization and validation studies for biopharmaceutical applications were developed using Acholeplasma laidlawii as the test microorganism. Selection criteria were (A) a single-stage, serum-free broth medium to support high-titer cell growth and yield a cellular morphology suitable for bacterial challenge testing within 24 h and (B) a serum-free agar growth medium that can recover cells using conventional enumeration techniques. Different formulation components at various concentrations were screened for their effects on growth, cell size, and recovery on membrane filters. An optimized broth, Glucose Hydrolysate Broth, containing glucose, polypeptone, bovine serum albumin, 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris base), oleic acid, and palmitic acid produced small 370 X 406 nanometer monodisperse cells at titers in excess of 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu mL(-1)) within 20-24 h of incubation. Glucose Mycoplasma Agar, containing glucose, mycoplasma broth base, bovine serum albumin, Tris base, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, produced colonies approximately 1 mm in size and facilitated recovery on 0.2-microm polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filters. A comparison of recovery of A. laidlawii on Glucose Mycoplasma Agar pour-plate versus membrane filters resulted in an 89 +/- 4% recovery. Linearity across the target recovery range was 0.9992 (r2). Presence/absence tests of filtrate from each 0.2-microm assay membrane resulted in absence of growth as compared to controls, thus demonstrating the suitability of using 0.2-microm membrane filters for recovery of A. laidlawii.
Processing of probabilistic skyline queries using MapReduce (2015)

There has been an increased growth in a number of applications that naturally generate large volumes of uncertain data. By the advent of such applications, the support of advanced analysis queries such as the skyline and its variant operators for big uncertain data has become important. In this paper, we propose the effective parallel algorithms using MapReduce to process the probabilistic skyline queries for uncertain data modeled by both discrete and continuous models. We present three filtering methods to identify probabilistic non-skyline objects in advance. We next develop a single MapReduce phase algorithm PS-QP-MR by utilizing space partitioning based on a variant of quadtrees to distribute the instances of objects effectively and the enhanced algorithm PS-QPF-MR by applying the three filtering methods additionally. We also propose the workload balancing technique to balance the workload of reduce functions based on the number of machines available. Finally, we present the brute-force algorithms PS-BR-MR and PS-BRF-MR with partitioning randomly and applying the filtering methods. In our experiments, we demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of PS-QPF-MR compared to the other algorithms.
Design of bioimpedance monitor and its application to atrioventricular delay optimization (2009)

We introduce our conception of a two-channel bioimpedance monitor for the impedance cardiography. We are describing the design of a homemade device which is based on a direct digital synthesizer and a digital down converter. This solution enables us to obtain a high-quality bioimpedance signal, which can be used for computing the cardiac output beat per beat. Our device allows simultaneous measuring of the complex impedance in two arbitrary directions on a human/animal body without any interference between the channels. We tested our device during a study of measuring the cardiac output at patients with implanted pacemakers. The cardiac output is measured with respect to the atrio-ventricular delay. We have scored the maximum relative cardiac output for each patient. The result of the study of 26 patients is presented in this paper.
Investigation of the Effect of Electrode Surface Roughness on Spark Ignition (2018)

Lean-burn engines are important due to their ability to reduce emissions, increase fuel efficiency, and mitigate engine knock. In this study, the surface roughness of spark plug electrodes is investigated as a potential avenue to extend the lean flammability limit of natural gas. A nano-/micro-morphology modification is applied on surface of the spark plug electrode to increase its surface roughness. High-speed Z-type Schlieren visualization is used to investigate the effect of the electrode surface roughness on the spark ignition process in a premixed methane-air charge at different lean equivalence ratios. In order to observe the onset of ignition and flame kernel behavior, experiments were conducted in an optically accessible constant volume combustion chamber at ambient pressures and temperatures. The results indicate that the lean flammability limit of spark-ignited methane can be lowered by modulating the surface roughness of the spark plug electrode.
Convex Relaxations and Linear Approximation for Optimal Power Flow in Multiphase Radial Networks (2014)

Distribution networks are usually multiphase and radial. To facilitate power flow computation and optimization, two semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations of the optimal power flow problem and a linear approximation of the power flow are proposed. We prove that the first SDP relaxation is exact if and only if the second one is exact. Case studies show that the second SDP relaxation is numerically exact and that the linear approximation obtains voltages within 0.0016 per unit of their true values for the IEEE 13, 34, 37, 123-bus networks and a real-world 2065-bus network.
Milk Protein Fragments Induce the Biosynthesis of Macedocin, the Lantibiotic Produced by <i>Streptococcus macedonicus</i> ACA-DC 198 (2009)

The aim of the present work was to study the mode of the induction of the biosynthesis of macedocin, the lantibiotic produced by Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198. Macedocin was produced when the strain was grown in milk but not in MRS or M17 broth. No autoinduction mechanism was observed. Production did not depend on the presence of lactose or galactose in the culture medium or on a coculture of the producer strain with macedocin-sensitive or macedocin-resistant strains. Induction seemed to depend on the presence of one or more heat-stable protein components produced when S. macedonicus ACA-DC 198 was grown in milk. The partial purification of the induction factor was performed by a combination of chromatography methods, and its activity was confirmed by a reverse transcription-PCR approach (RT-PCR). Mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analyses of an induction-active fraction showed the presence of several peptides of low molecular mass corresponding to fragments of alpha(S1)- and beta-casein as well as beta-lactoglobulin. The chemically synthesized alpha(S1)-casein fragment 37-55 (2,253.65 Da) was proven to be able to induce macedocin biosynthesis. This is the first time that milk protein degradation fragments are reported to exhibit a bacteriocin induction activity.
Quantitative effects of salycylhydroxamic acid and glycerol on "Trypanosoma brucei" glycolysis in vitro and in vivo (1978)

During anaerobic glycolysis in vitro in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid, Trypanosoma brucei brucei converts glucose to equimolar amounts of glycerol and pyruvate as end products. Glycerol, whether generated endogenously and pyruvate as end products. Glycerol, whether generated endogenously or added exogenously, can inhibit anaerobic glycolysis sufficiently in vitro to result in cell death. The concomitant administration of salicylhydroxamic acid and glycerol to rats infected with T. brucei brucei results in a rapid clearance of parasitemia. Our results clearly demonstrate a new and approachable chemotherapeutic target for African trypanosomes.
Complete genome sequences of all members of the species Human enterovirus A (2004)

The species Human enterovirus A (HEV-A) in the family Picornaviridae consists of coxsackieviruses (CV) A2-A8, A10, A12, A14 and A16 and enterovirus 71. Complete genome sequences for the prototype strains of the 10 serotypes whose sequences were not represented in public databases have been determined and analysed in conjunction with previously available complete sequences in GenBank. Members of HEV-A are monophyletic relative to all other human enterovirus species in all regions of the genome except in the 5' non-translated region (NTR), where they are known to cluster with members of HEV-B. The HEV-A prototype strains were about 66 to 86 % identical to one another in deduced capsid amino acid sequence. Antigenic cross-reactivity has been reported between CVA3-Olson and CVA8-Donovan, between CVA5-Swartz and CVA12-Texas-12 and between CVA16-G-10 and EV71-BrCr. Similarity plots, individual sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a high degree of capsid sequence similarity within each of these three pairs of prototype strains, providing a molecular basis for the observed antigenic relationships. In several cases, phylogenies constructed from the structural (P1) and non-structural regions of the genome (P2 and P3) are incongruent. The incongruent phylogenies and the similarity plot analyses imply that recombination has played a role in the evolution of the HEV-A prototype strains. CVA6-Gdula clearly contains sequences that are also present in CVA10-Kowalik and CVA12-Texas-12, suggesting that these three strains have a shared evolutionary history despite their lack of similarity in the capsid region.
Interferometric characterization of phase masks (2003)

We demonstrate a novel interferometric technique for highly accurate characterization of phase masks used in optical fiber grating fabrication. The principle of the measurement scheme is based on the analysis of the interference pattern formed between the first- and zero-order beams transmitted through or reflected from the grating under test. For spatial resolution of a few millimeters, our methods allow the determination of local variations of the order of 1-µm grating period with an accuracy of a few picometers. These methods are applicable to a broad class of diffractive grating structures.